bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic‐assisted versus open radical gastrectomy for resectable gastric cancer: Systematic review, meta‐analysis, and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Hui‐Zi , Chen Jia‐Xi , Zheng Yang , Zhu Xiang‐Nan 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundPrevious studies comparing laparoscopic‐assisted to open gastrectomy (OG) for resectable gastric cancer were inexhaustive, so an updated meta‐analysis was performed to clarify quality of life, patient satisfaction, safety and effectiveness associated with laparoscopic‐assisted gastrectomy (LAG).MethodsPubmed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception to December 2015 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LAG with OG for resectable gastric cancer. Relative risk (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled with random‐effects model. Furthermore, trial sequential analysis (TSA) was employed to indicate the credibility of pooled estimate.ResultsFourteen RCTs totaling 2,307 gastric cancer patients (1,163 in laparoscopic and 1,144 in open) were included. Compared with OG, LAG showed higher patient satisfaction and quality of life, less blood loss, hospital stay and overall postoperative morbidity, and longer operating time, which were confirmed by TSA. LAG also accelerated time to first flatus, first walking and first intake and reduced frequency of analgesic administration and days of fever. There were no significant difference between the two groups in number of retrieved lymph nodes, mortality, recurrence, long‐term overall survival and disease‐free survival.ConclusionFor patients with resectable gastric cancer, LAG decreased blood loss, length of hospital stay and overall postoperative morbidity and improved postsurgical recovery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:756–767. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcome of regenerative therapy for age‐related vocal fold atrophy with basic fibroblast growth factor
Authors: Ohno Satoshi , Hirano Shigeru , Yasumoto Akiyoshi , Ikeda Hiroki , Takebayashi Shinji , Miura Makoto 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisAge‐related vocal fold atrophy has become a significant voice disorder as the elderly population grows. However, several therapeutic challenges have limited attempts to improve voice quality. We reported that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) stimulates fibroblasts to produce extracellular matrices such as hyaluronic acid in the lamina propria, leading to a regeneration of pliable vocal folds in animal models. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of bFGF for the treatment of age‐related vocal fold atrophy.Study DesignProspective study.MethodsSix patients with age‐related vocal fold atrophy underwent injection of bFGF in their vocal folds. Vocal outcomes and stroboscopic examinations were evaluated 1, 3, and 6 months after the injection. The outcome measures included the Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10), GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain) scale, maximum phonation time (MPT), the amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ), and the pitch perturbation quotient (PPQ).ResultsThe VHI‐10 was significantly improved 6 months after bFGF injection. The GRBAS scale, MPT, APQ, and PPQ were also improved. Stroboscopic examinations showed significant improvement of glottic closure and better mucosal wave.ConclusionsThis is the first study to evaluate the regenerative effects of bFGF injection for the treatment of age‐related vocal fold atrophy using the VHI‐10. Injection of bFGF significantly improved VHI‐10 scores and glottal insufficiency for at least 6 months.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1844–1848, 2016
Impact of partial and total tonsillectomy on adenoid regrowth
Authors: Babademez Mehmet Ali , Gul Fatih , Muz Engin , Muderris Togay , Kale Hayati 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare the rates of adenoid regrowth in children who underwent total tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (TA) versus partial intracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (ITA).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsA medical database was used to retrieve the records of 5,120 children younger than 12 years of age who had an adenoidectomy in combination with a tonsil surgery between April 2008 and September 2014. Children who had symptomatic obstructive sleep apnea without a history of recurrent tonsillitis, and underwent an endoscopic adenoidectomy with a microdebrider, in addition to a traditional tonsillectomy or partial tonsillectomy with coblation, were included in the study. Adenoid regrowth was evaluated in the children who completed at least a 1‐year follow‐up. The sizes of adenoids were subjectively graded and reported based upon a numerical scale.ResultsIn total, 1,504 and 1,340 children met the inclusion, and were comprised of ITA and TA groups, respectively. Adenoid regrowth was seen in 98 (7.3%) children in the TA group after 1‐year follow‐up. Symptomatic adenoid regrowth was seen in 19 (1.4%) children in the TA group. In the ITA group, although 71 (4.7%) children had adenoid regrowth, only one (0.06%) reached grade 3 hypertrophy that could be attributed to nasal obstruction at 1‐year follow‐up. Comparison of the regrowth rates of both groups at the end of the 1‐year follow‐up period showed a statistically significant difference (P < .001).ConclusionsITA seems to be a safe procedure with a low incidence of regrowth of adenoid tissue in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy when compared to TA.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:753–756, 2017
Peripheral vestibular pathology in Mondini dysplasia
Authors: Kaya Serdar , Hızlı Ömer , Kaya Fatıma Kübra , Monsanto Rafael DaCosta , Paparella Michael M. , Cureoglu Sebahattin 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisIn this study, our objective was to histopathologically analyze the peripheral vestibular system in patients with Mondini dysplasia.Study DesignComparative human temporal bone study.MethodsWe assessed the sensory epithelium of the human vestibular system with a focus on the number of type I and type II hair cells, as well as the total number of hair cells. We compared those numbers in our Mondini dysplasia group versus our control group.ResultsThe loss of type I and type II hair cells in the cristae of the superior, lateral, and posterior semicircular canals, as well as in the saccular and utricular macula, was significantly higher in our Mondini dysplasia group than in our control group. The total number of hair cells significantly decreased in the cristae of the superior, lateral, and posterior semicircular canals, as well as in the saccular and utricular macula, in our Mondini dysplasia group.ConclusionLoss of vestibular hair cells can lead to vestibular dysfunction in patients with Mondini dysplasia.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:206–209, 2017
A prospective pilot study comparing nasal blood sampling and venipuncture for the assessment of hemoglobin levels and INR
Authors: Stadler Rafael R. , Soyka Michael B. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisThis study is a pilot study evaluating the feasibility of sampling nose blood during an emergency using a commercially available rapid test device. It also compares the accuracy of rapid nasal blood test results to the results of standard laboratory methods using venous blood sampling.MethodsNose blood was collected in patients suffering from active epistaxis. In an emergency setting, hemoglobin levels and the international normalized ratio (INR) were assessed using a rapid point‐of‐care test device. These results were compared to standard laboratory analyses from venous blood taken at the same time from the same patient. Twenty patients consented to and participated in these assessments.ResultsLinear regression comparing venous and nasal samples revealed strong correlations between the two methods for both hemoglobin and INR measurement. A Bland‐Altman analysis showed the mean difference to be 2.3 g/L when comparing hemoglobin measurements made using the rapid point‐of‐care device to hemoglobin measurements made using conventional lab assessment. The corresponding mean difference for INR measurements was 0.14.ConclusionThe results of this pilot study support the use of point‐of‐care test devices using nasal blood sampling and provide preliminary data demonstrating that a rapid testing method can be reliable, practicable, and time‐efficient. In our opinion, rapid hematologic screening for nasal and capillary blood should be available in emergency wards that treat epistaxis.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:577–581, 2017
New Radiopaque Bromine‐Containing Monomers for Dental Restorative Materials
Authors: Tauscher Sven , Catel Yohann , Liska Robert , Moszner Norbert 
Published: April 2016

Four bromine‐containing methacrylates 1–4 are synthesized from pentaerythritol tribromide and 2,2,2‐tribromoethanol and are characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Their free radical polymerization is performed in dimethylformamide (DMF), using 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionitrile) as initiator. The photopolymerization behavior of monomers 1–4 is investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter. Homopolymerizations and copolymerizations with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate are carried out. Both the presence of a carbamate group and of bromine atoms result in an increase of the polymerization rate. Dental resins are prepared by replacing a certain amount of 2‐(4‐cumyl‐phenoxy)ethyl methacrylate by monomers 3 and 4 in a model formulation. The incorporation of these methacrylates leads to a significant increase of the radiopacity. Resins based on mono­mer 4 exhibit improved mechanical properties.
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Dissipative Particle Dynamics Models of Orientation of Weakly‐Interacting Anisometric Silicate Particles in Polymer Melts under Shear Flow: Comparison with the Standard Orientation Models
Authors: Gooneie Ali , Schuschnigg Stephan , Holzer Clemens 
Published: April 2016

Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) models of orientation of weakly‐interacting silicate particles in a polymer matrix are presented. To examine the DPD models, the evolution of orientation under shear flow is compared with the predictions of the standard orientation models, namely, the Folgar–Tucker (FT) and the strain reduction factor (SRF) models. While the orientation patterns are the same in all models, the slow orientation kinetics observed in previous experiments is only predicted in the DPD and SRF models. Since the coefficients of the SRF model are in good agreement with the experiments, the good tally between the DPD and SRF models supports the capability of DPD to successfully simulate the orientation process. The orientation in a large cell constructed from unit cells with various averaged initial orientation angles is evaluated from evolutions in the unit cells based on the affine deformation assumption. The good agreement between such calculations and SRF model predictions supports that the affine deformation assumption in the large cell is reasonable. It is argued that the nonaffine deformation originated from the particle‐based nature of DPD models at the lower scale could be combined with the affine deformation at the upper scale to yield appropriate estimations of the orientation state.
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Molecular Architecture Manipulation in Free Radical Copolymerization: An Advanced Monte Carlo Approach to Screening Copolymer Chains with Various Comonomer Sequence Arrangements
Authors: Saeb Mohammad Reza , Mohammadi Yousef , Pakdel Amir Saeid , Penlidis Alexander 
Published: April 2016

A Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation approach has been adopted in this study to capture evolutionary events in the course of free radical copolymerization, through which batch and starved‐feed semibatch processes are compared. The implementation of the KMC code deve­loped in this work: (i) enables satisfactory control of the molecular weight of the copolymer by tracking the profiles of concentrations of macroradicals, monomers, and polymer as well as degree of polymerization, polydispersity, and chain length distribution; (ii) captures the bivariate distribution of chain length and copolymer composition; (iii) comprehensively tracks and analyzes detailed information on the molecular architecture of the growing chains, thus distinguishing between sequence length and polydispersity of chains produced in batch and starved‐feed semibatch operations; (iv) makes possible the screening of products, based on such details as the number and weight fractions of products having different comonomer units located at various positions along the copolymer chains. The aforementioned characteristics are achieved by stochastic calculations through code developed in‐house. This KMC simulator becomes a very useful tool for the development of tailored copolymers through free radical polymerization, with blocks separated with single units of a different type.
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Evaluating cognitive effort in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Turner Travis H. , Renfroe Jenna B. , Morella Kristen , Marriott Bernadette P. ,   The Bravo Working Group
Published: April 2016

AbstractMany randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of neuropsychiatric conditions involve cognitive outcome measures; however, validity of cognitive data relies on adequate effort during testing, and such screening is seldom performed. Given well‐established rates of 10 to 30% poor effort in clinical settings, this is not a trivial concern. This preliminary study evaluated effort during cognitive testing in an RCT of omega‐3 supplementation to reduce suicidality in a high‐risk psychiatric population. An interim analysis of sustained attentions measures from the Connors Performance Test (CPT‐2) at baseline for the first 60 participants was conducted. Previously validated cut points to detect insufficient effort on the CPT‐2 were applied. At baseline, 12% (7) were identified as giving poor effort. Follow‐up analyses indicated less psychiatric distress and suicidality among those who gave poor effort. Results suggest comparable likelihood of a poor effort on cognitive testing in clinical and RCT participation. Reduced psychiatric distress in the poor effort group raises concern regarding interpretation of other measures. The importance of screening cognitive data for effort in RCTs is highlighted. Future studies will examine effort at follow‐up visits, and explore relationships to attrition, adherence, and response to treatment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the use of modal derivatives for nonlinear model order reduction
Authors: Weeger Oliver , Wever Utz , Simeon Bernd 
Published: April 2016

SummaryModal derivative is an approach to compute a reduced basis for model order reduction of large‐scale nonlinear systems that typically stem from the discretization of partial differential equations. In this way, a complex nonlinear simulation model can be integrated into an optimization problem or the design of a controller, based on the resulting small‐scale state‐space model. We investigate the approximation properties of modal derivatives analytically and thus lay a theoretical foundation of their use in model order reduction, which has been missing so far. Concentrating on the application field of structural mechanics and structural dynamics, we show that the concept of modal derivatives can also be applied as nonlinear extension of the Craig–Bampton family of methods for substructuring. We furthermore generalize the approach from a pure projection scheme to a novel reduced‐order modeling method that replaces all nonlinear terms by quadratic expressions in the reduced state variables. This complexity reduction leads to a frequency‐preserving nonlinear quadratic state‐space model. Numerical examples with carefully chosen nonlinear model problems and three‐dimensional nonlinear elasticity confirm the analytical properties of the modal derivative reduction and show the potential of the proposed novel complexity reduction methods, along with the current limitations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
4‐hydroxythiophenol grafted PS‐b‐PAA block copolymers: Preparation and formation of porous and bowl‐shaped assemblies
Authors: Li Wenting , Li Na , Zhao Jiaxu , Zhang Xiaokai , Li Xue 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT4‐Hydroxythiophenol (HTP) grafted poly(styrene‐b‐acrylic acid) (PS‐b‐PAA) block copolymers (BCPs) (PS‐b‐PAA‐g‐HTP) was synthesized using the esterification reaction between the carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups. Self‐assembly behavior of the graft copolymer in 1,4‐dioxane/water was investigated. Assemblies of different morphologies, porous, and bowl‐shaped structures, could be easily prepared. A possible mechanism for the formation of the porous and bowl‐shaped structures was discussed. The present study showed a facile method for the preparation of functionalized PS‐b‐PAA BCPs, which could easily self‐assembly into novel structures in aqueous solution. These assemblies may be used to generate new functional materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1551–1557
Fabrication of GaN quantum dots using Ga droplet epitaxy and thermal annealing by metal organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Qi Zhiqiang , Fang Yanyan , Chen Changqing , Dai Jiangnan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOptically active GaN quantum dots are grown by droplet heteroepitaxy and post‐growth annealing. The evolution of morphology and optical properties of thermal annealing GaN QDs have been investigated. The results show that thermal annealing under NH3/N2 ambience is a necessary condition for maintaining the optimal QDs morphology and improving optical properties of GaN QDs. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Admittance of MIS structures based on graded‐gap MBE HgCdTe with Al2O3 insulator
Authors: Voitsekhovskii Alexander V. , Nesmelov Sergey N. , Dzyadukh Stanislav M. , Vasil`ev Vladimir V. , Varavin Vasiliy S. , Dvoretsky Sergey A. , Mikhailov Nikolay N. , Yakushev Maxim V. , Sidorov Georgiy Y. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe paper presents the results of studies of the admittance of MIS structures based on heteroepitaxial MBE n (p)‐Hg0.78Cd0.22Te with insulator coating SiO2/Si3N4 and Al2O3 in the test signal frequency range 10 kHz‐1 MHz at temperatures ranging from 8 to 220 K. The main parameters of MIS structures with different insulators were determined. MIS structures with Al2O3 have a large enough insulator capacitance (compared to SiO2/Si3N4), a significant modulation capacitance on the CV characteristics, high dielectric strength and low values of the flat‐band voltage. The effective charge density found from the value of the flat‐band voltage and slow interface trap density for structures with Al2O3 comparable with the corresponding densities for structures with SiO2/Si3N4. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication and characterization of two‐dimensional cubic AlN photonic crystal membranes containing zincblende GaN quantum dots
Authors: Blumenthal Sarah , Bürger Matthias , Hildebrandt Andre , Förstner Jens , Weber Nils , Meier Cedrik , Reuter Dirk , As Donat J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe successfully developed a process to fabricate freestanding cubic aluminium nitride (c‐AlN) membranes containing cubic gallium nitride (c‐GaN) quantum dots (QDs). The samples were grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). To realize the photonic crystal (PhC) membrane we have chosen a triangular array of holes. The array was fabricated by electron beam lithography and several steps of reactive ion etching (RIE) with the help of a hard mask and an undercut of the active layer. The r/a‐ ratio of 0.35 was deter‐ mined by numerical simulations to obtain a preferably wide photonic band gap. Micro‐photoluminescence (µ‐PL) measurements of the photonic crystals, in particular of a H1 and a L3 cavity, and the emission of the QD ensemble were performed to characterize the samples. The PhCs show high quality factors of 4400 for the H1 cavity and about 5000/3000 for two different modes of the L3 cavity, respectively. The energy of the fundamental modes is in good agreement to the numerical simulations. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of the Surrogator® system to increase pheasant and quail abundance
Authors: Thacker Eric T. , Hamm Robert L. , Hagen Jacob , Davis Craig A. , Guthery Fred 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTCaptive‐rearing and release programs have been used to augment populations of ring‐necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), and other gamebirds to provide additional hunting opportunities. However, many question the efficacy of the rear‐and‐release technique to increase huntable gamebird populations. The Surrogator® (hereafter, surrogator) is a captive‐rearing system purported to establish huntable gamebird populations within a property. Little research has been conducted to inform land managers and sportsmen and sportswomen about the effectiveness of this system. We evaluated the use of the surrogator for ring‐necked pheasants and northern bobwhites from May to October 2009 and 2010 in Kiowa County, Kansas, USA. The 4‐week in‐surrogator survival rates for pheasant chicks were 85% ± 5% (SE) in 2009 (n = 840) and 79% ± 8% in 2010 (n = 420). The 5‐week in‐surrogator survival of bobwhite chicks was 78% ± 12% (n = 765) in 2009 and 79% ± 3% in 2010 (n = 783). Released pheasant chicks had an overall survival rate of 8% ± 6% (n = 58) over 12 weeks. Eight‐week postrelease survival for bobwhites was 35% ± 5% (n = 59). Postrelease survival of pheasants or bobwhites was not appreciably greater than conventional rear‐and‐release programs, suggesting that population establishment with surrogator birds may be difficult. Although 1,150 pheasants and 1,105 bobwhites were released, only 5.5% and 7.2% of bands were returned from harvested pheasants and bobwhites, respectively. The surrogator may not be effective for establishing or re‐establishing pheasant and bobwhite populations, but it may be an effective tool to supplement existing gamebird populations to enhance hunting opportunities. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
1.0 s Ultrafast MRI in non-sedated infants after reduction with spica casting for developmental dysplasia of the hip: A feasibility study
Authors: Fukuda Atsushi , Fukiage Kenichi , Futami Tohru , Miyati Tosiaki 
Published: April 2016

Purpose The aim of this study was to first develop and use 1.0 s ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm the location of the femoral head in non-sedated infants with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) after reduction with spica cast application in clinical settings. Methods The ultrafast acquisition was achieved by employing a balanced steady-state free precession sequence and immobilizing the patient with dedicated sandbags. On completion of the ultrafast MRI study, all infants were sedated for conventional MRI scanning. Two orthopaedic surgeons retrospectively evaluated the image quality, result of the reduction and total MRI study time (including patient immobilization, coil setup, and scanning) in 14 DDHs of 13 infants (one with bilateral DDHs). Results Both reviewers stated that there were no motion artefacts for non-sedated infants during the ultrafast MRI and that the quality of both the ultrafast and conventional MRI images were acceptable to assess the femoral head location. Assessment of the reduction procedure resulted in two hips being categorized as ‘incomplete reduction’ requiring a re-reduction procedure. The total study time of ultrafast and conventional MRI was 6 ± 1 min and 14 ± 3 min, respectively ( P < 0.001). No complications due to sedation, such as hypoxia, were reported. The average sedation waiting time was 1 h 25 min ± 34 min. Conclusion The ultrafast MRI procedure reported here can be readily employed to confirm the location of the femoral head in infants with DDHs, without the use of any sedation.