bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fine-grained image classification algorithm based on self-supervised learning and multi-feature fusion of blood cells
Authors: Jia Nan , Guo Jingxia , Li Yan , Tang Siyuan , Xu Li , Liu Liang , Xing Junfeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLeukemia is a prevalent and widespread blood disease, and its early diagnosis is crucial for effective patient treatment. Diagnosing leukemia types heavily relies on pathologists’ morphological examination of blood cell images. However, this process is tedious and time-consuming, and the diagnostic results are subjective, leading to potential misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. This paper proposes a blood cell image classification method that combines MAE with an enhanced Vision Transformer to tackle these challenges. Initially, pre-training occurs on two datasets, TMAMD and Red4, using the MAE self-supervised learning algorithm. Subsequently, the pre-training weights are transferred to our improved model.This paper introduces feature fusion of the outputs from each layer of the Transformer encoder to maximize the utilization of features extracted from lower layers, such as color, contour, and texture of blood cells, along with deeper semantic features. Furthermore, the dynamic margins for the subcenter Arcface Loss function are employed to enhance the model’s fine-grained feature representation by achieving inter-class dispersion and intra-class aggregation. Models trained using our method achieved state-of-the-art results on both the TMAMD dataset and Red4 dataset, with classification accuracies of 93.51% and 81.41%, respectively. This achievement is expected to be a valuable reference for physicians in their clinical diagnoses.
Analysis of postoperative infection factors of retrograde intrarenal surgery combined with negative pressure equipment for renal stones
Authors: Cui Deheng , Ma Qinghong , Zhang Qiuyan , Zhang Lian , Chen Guoqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOur study aimed to retrospectively analyze the patients who underwent the combination of negative pressure equipment and RIRS(NP-RIRS) for renal stones, and identified new high-risk factors related to infection. 456 patients with renal stones ≤ 3 cm underwent NP-RIRS in our department, from January 2022 to October 2023. All patients were divided into non-infection group(NIRIRS group) and infection group(IRIRS group) based on infection complications during the perioperative period. Establish a receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve)based on variables with statistical differences, and use the Jordan index to find the optimal cutoff value. Classify the data into two categories based on the best truncation value, and perform binary logistic regression analysis on the classified data. In the IRIRS group, there were 10 cases of fever (2.92%), 2 cases of sepsis (0.58%), and no cases of septic shock or death. The length and the CT value of the stone were 16 (13,21) vs. 22 (19,24) (p < 0.001), 764 (570,1012) vs. 1372 (841,1527) (p < 0.001), respectively, and there was a statistical difference. The surgical time of NIRIRS group and IRIRS group were 57 (50,65) vs. 75 (60,98), respectively (p < 0.001), with statistical differences. On the contrary, the stone-free rate(SFR) at 3 months after surgery was 97.60% vs. 91.70% (p = 0.209), and there was no difference. The length of stones, surgical time, and CT values of stones between the two groups were further used to establish ROC, with ROC areas of 0.791, 0.791, and 0.816, respectively(Fig. 2). Based on the Jordan index, the optimal cutoff values were 17.5 mm (stone size), 64.5 min (surgery time), and 732.5 HU (stone CT value), respectively. Three continuous variables were transformed into binary data using the best truncation criterion, and the classified results were subjected to binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the three variables remained independent risk factors for postoperative infection complications. The incidence of infection after NPRIRS was lower than TRIRS for kidney stones. Length of stones, surgical time, and CT value of stones were independent risk factors for postoperative infection in NPRIRS treatment of kidney stones. Due to the small sample size, the credibility and generalizability of the conclusions were limited.
Bacterial RNA sensing by TLR8 requires RNase 6 processing and is inhibited by RNA 2’O-methylation
Authors: Nunes Ivanéia V , Breitenbach Luisa , Pawusch Sarah , Eigenbrod Tatjana , Ananth Swetha , Schad Paulina , Fackler Oliver T , Butter Falk , Dalpke Alexander H , Chen Lan-Sun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTLR8 senses single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) fragments, processed via cleavage by ribonuclease (RNase) T2 and RNase A family members. Processing by these RNases releases uridines and purine-terminated residues resulting in TLR8 activation. Monocytes show high expression of RNase 6, yet this RNase has not been analyzed for its physiological contribution to the recognition of bacterial RNA by TLR8. Here, we show a role for RNase 6 in TLR8 activation. BLaER1 cells, transdifferentiated into monocyte-like cells, as well as primary monocytes deficient for RNASE6 show a dampened TLR8-dependent response upon stimulation with isolated bacterial RNA (bRNA) and also upon infection with live bacteria. Pretreatment of bacterial RNA with recombinant RNase 6 generates fragments that induce TLR8 stimulation in RNase 6 knockout cells. 2’O-RNA methyl modification, when introduced at the first uridine in the UA dinucleotide, impairs processing by RNase 6 and dampens TLR8 stimulation. In summary, our data show that RNase 6 processes bacterial RNA and generates uridine-terminated breakdown products that activate TLR8.
Atomic Spectrometric Methods of Analysis
Authors: Fisher Andrew 
Published: October 2024

Struggling to get to grips with a new technique? Need some guidance on how to analyse metallic elements? Pitfalls, common errors and useful hints and tips are all discovered in this new book.
Atomic spectrometry techniques are used to determine the metallic elements, as well as metalloids and non-metals. Providing methods of sample collection, sample preparation and analytical methodology, the book explores several techniques including flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS and ETAAS), inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES), inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), and more. In addition to these, the sections on sample collection and sample preparation methods are valuable for those practising or revising techniques. It provides a precious source of theoretical and practical information for those who are new to the techniques or working in laboratories with little access to in-house expertise.
Unlike some books that are suitable for undergraduate students, this text provides hints, tips and methodology for users of the techniques. It is an accessible reference which can be read in parts or as a whole and is written to appeal to researchers, industrial scientists and technicians working in this field.
Learning Verbs in Sentences: Children With Developmental Language Disorder and the Role of Retrieval Practice
Authors: Leonard Laurence B. , Deevy Patricia , Christ Sharon L. , Karpicke Jeffrey D. , Kueser Justin B. , Fischer Kaitlyn 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
Retrieval practice has been shown to assist the word learning of children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Although this has been true for learning new verbs as well as new nouns and adjectives, these children's overall verb learning has remained quite low. In this preregistered study, we presented novel verbs in transitive sentences with varying subjects/agents and objects/patients to determine if recall could be improved and if retrieval practice continued to be facilitative.

Method:
Fourteen children with DLD aged 4–5 years and 13 same-age peers with typical language development (TD) learned eight novel verbs over two sessions. Half of the novel verbs were presented with spacing between study and retrieval trials, and half were presented with the same frequency in study trials without the opportunity for retrieval. All novel verbs were presented in sentences such as, “The woman is deeking the shoe.” Children's ability to recall and use the novel verbs in the same sentence structure was tested after the second session and 1 week later. The children were also required to use the novel verbs in bare-stem form in a new structure, as in, “That woman likes to deek the towel.”

Results:
Both groups of children showed increased recall relative to a previous novel verb study. The children with TD showed the expected advantages of spaced retrieval over repeated study and could use the novel verbs in the new morphological form and sentence structure. The children with DLD, however, showed an advantage for spaced retrieval only shortly after the learning period. These children had great difficulty changing the novel verbs to a bare stem and using them in a new structure.

Conclusion:
Although spaced retrieval assists children's novel verb recall, children with DLD in particular require additional help using these verbs with morphological and syntactic flexibility.
The missing rings around Solar System moons
Authors: Sucerquia Mario , Alvarado-Montes Jaime A. , Zuluaga Jorge I. , Cuello Nicolás , Cuadra Jorge , Montesinos Matías 
Published: October 2024

Context. Rings are complex structures that surround various bodies within the Solar System, such as giant planets and certain minor bodies. While some formation mechanisms could also potentially promote their existence around (regular or irregular) satellites, none of these bodies currently bear these structures.
Aims. We aim to understand the underlying mechanisms that govern the potential formation, stability, and/or decay of hypothetical circumsatellital rings (CSRs) orbiting the largest moons in the Solar System. This extends to the exploration of short-term morphological features within these rings, providing insights into the ring survival timescales and the interactions that drive their evolution.
Methods. To conduct this study, we used numerical N-body simulations under the perturbing influence of the host planet and other moon companions.
Results. We found that, as suspected, moons with a lower Roche-to-Hill radius can preserve their rings over extended periods. Moreover, the gravitational environment in which these rings are immersed influences the morphological evolution of the system (e.g. ring size), inducing gaps through the excitation of eccentricity and inclination of constituent particles. Specifically, our results show that the rings of Iapetus and Rhea experience minimal variations in their orbital parameters, enhancing their long-term stability. This agrees with the hypothesis that some of the features of Iapetus and Rhea were produced by ancient ring systems, for example, the huge ridge in the Iapetus equator as a result of a decaying ring.
Conclusions. From a dynamical perspective, we found that there are no mechanisms that preclude the existence of CSRs, and we attribute their current absence to non-gravitational phenomena. Effects such as stellar radiation, magnetic fields, and the influence of magnetospheric plasma can significantly impact the dynamics of constituent particles and trigger their decay. This highlights the importance of future studies of these effects.
Revisiting the local interstellar radiation field using Gaia DR3
Authors: Bianchi S. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Dust grains in the interstellar medium are heated by the integrated radiation from stars in the Milky Way. Thus, knowledge of the local interstellar radiation field (LISRF) is necessary to interpret observations of dust emission in the infrared and constrain (some) properties of interstellar grains. The LISRF representation that is most widely used in dust modeling still dates back to the seminal works of Mezger et al. (1982, A&A, 105, 372) and Mathis et al. (1983, A&A, 128, 212).
Aims. A new version of the LISRF is presented here, starting from the photometry of the Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) and revisiting the available data. This dataset includes observations from the Pioneer 10 and 11 probes.
Methods. The LISRF contribution by direct starlight was estimated in the Gaia bands by summing fluxes of all stars in DR3. The LISRF was extrapolated from the optical to the ultraviolet and near-infrared, using the astrophysical parameters provided by DR3 for a subsample of Gaia stars. The correlation between dust emission at 100 µm and residual diffuse emission in the Pioneer and other available maps was exploited to derive the contribution of dust-scattered starlight to the LISRF.
Results. The new LISRF is significantly redder and emits ~30% more energy than the old model. The old LISRF is almost a factor two lower in the near-infrared, while, in the optical, it accounts only for direct starlight. For |b| < 50°, diffuse starlight contributes on average to ~25% of the total radiation, which is three times more than what can be derived using literature estimates at high Galactic latitudes.
Conclusions. The new LISRF can modify the predicted mid-infrared (MIR) dust emission beyond the uncertainties normally assumed between dust models and observational constraints. These differences should be taken into account to redefine the properties of small grains and of carriers of the MIR emission bands.
Core prominence as a signature of restarted jet activity in the LOFAR radio-galaxy population
Authors: Nair Dhanya G. , Morganti Raffaella , Brienza Marisa , Mingo Beatriz , Croston Judith H. , Jurlin Nika , Shimwell Timothy W. , Callingham Joseph R. , Hardcastle Martin J. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Recurrent phases of dormancy and activity occur in the supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei. Characterizing the duty cycles of this process is crucial in understanding the impact of the energy released on the host galaxies, and their evolution. However, it is challenging to identify sources in the quiescent and restarted phases.
Aims. Our goal is to identify and characterize a substantial sample of radio galaxies in a restarted phase and explore the idea of core prominence as a signature of restarted activity. We expand our prior study of identifying restarted sources from a 30 deg2 area in the Lockman Hole to a larger 424 deg2 region in the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) extragalactic field using a sample of core-dominated radio galaxies selected visually.
Methods. We used the 144 MHz LOFAR survey images of the HETDEX field to identify galaxies with restarting jets. By assessing diverse selection criteria including radio core dominance along with low surface brightness extended emission, spectral index properties (e.g., steep or inverted spectra of a core and an ultra-steep spectrum of extended emission), and morphology, we found 69 candidate restarted radio galaxies in the HETDEX field.
Results. The restarted candidates show a diverse intrinsic morphology, spanning from FRI, FRII, core-with-halo, to asymmetric forms, feasibly proposing different progenitors. Within these 69 restarted candidates, we identified a subset of nine galaxies characterized by ultra-steep spectrum extended emission combined with high radio core prominence, representing previous and current epochs of jet activity. We interpret our findings for this small subset as support for a model in which the switch-on and switch-off mechanism happens with a relatively fast duty cycle in these sources. We found a peculiar case, J131728.61+561544.8, which appears to have altered its jet orientation, possibly due to changes in the angular momentum or spin of its supermassive black hole, interactions with surrounding material, and/or variations in the magnetic flux threading its accretion disk.
Conclusions. The restarted candidates span a range of radio luminosities from log10(L144 MHz/WHz−1) = 23.24 to log10(L144 MHz/WHz−1) = 26.80, and linear sizes between 88 and 1659 kpc at 144 MHz, with 16 sources identified as giant radio galaxies with sizes exceeding 0.7 Mpc. The total stellar content of restarted sources is consistent with massive elliptical galaxies, with at least 17% inhabiting cluster environments. Our findings at z < 0.4 suggest that many restarting radio galaxies are not found in rich cluster environments, aligning with the environmental properties of the broader radio-galaxy population. The present study confirms the core prominence as an effective parameter for selecting candidate restarted radio sources.
Compartmental description of the cosmological baryonic matter cycle
Authors: Schlickeiser Reinhard , Kröger Martin 
Published: October 2024

Context. The compartmental description, well-known as the description of infection diseases and epidemics, was applied here to describe the temporal evolution of the baryonic matter in interstellar gas and stars. The introduction of gaseous and stellar fractions of the total baryonic matter as the basic dynamical variables is advantageous because it allows us to apply the description to a variety of astrophysical systems.
Aims. We aimed to theoretically investigate the competition of spontaneous star formation, stellar feedback, and stellar evolution to understand the baryonic matter cycle including luminous baryonic matter in main-sequence stars and weakly luminous matter in white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes (referred to as locked-in matter). Of particular interest was the understanding of cosmic star formation history and the present-day gas fraction with compartmental models.
Methods. We derived exact analytical solutions for the time evolution of the fractions of gaseous, luminous stellar, and locked-in stellar matter for stationary rates of spontaneous star formation, continuous stellar feedback, and stellar evolution. The accuracy of the analytical solutions was proven by comparison with the exact numerical solutions of the dynamical equations.
Results. The observed cosmological star formation rate and the integrated stellar density as a function of redshift are reasonably well explained by the compartmental model without triggered star formation by the competition of spontaneous star formation and stellar evolution, whereas the influence of stellar feedback is less important. The action of stellar evolution provides a significant redshift-dependent reduction factor when calculating the integrated stellar density from the star formation rate. Without stellar evolution, the observations could not be reproduced very well. Then, the fits to the observation provided conclusions on the relative importance of spontaneous star formation, stellar evolution, and feedback in the early Universe after the recombination era until today. The gas, luminous star, and locked-in stellar matter fractions indicated that the vast majority of the baryons in the present-day Universe reside in the form of locked-in stellar matter in white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes.
TSI modeling: A comparison of ground-based Ca II K-line data with space-based UV images from the SDO/AIA instrument
Authors: Chapman Gary A. , Cookson Angela M. , Choudhary Debi P. 
Published: October 2024

The Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) is an important input for the Earth’s climate. To describe the competing contributions of sunspots and faculae on irradiance variability, the San Fernando Observatory (SFO) irradiance model has two components: One component is an index derived from a continuum image that provides a sunspot signal. The other component is an index determined from a Ca II K-line image that provides a facular signal. These components are determined using two different methods, one based on feature identification and one based on photometric sum. Feature identification determines whether an active region feature is darker or brighter than the surrounding quiet Sun and by how much. Photometric sum simply adds up all the image pixels to determine a single value for that image. In this paper, we investigate the use of space-based UV images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) as a substitute for ground-based Ca II K-line images from the San Fernando Observatory in modeling TSI variability. SDO indices are obtained by processing SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 160 nm and 170 nm images with SFO algorithms, then SFO models are modified by substituting either a 160 nm or a 170 nm UV index from SDO in place of the Ca II K image. The different models are regressed against TSI measurements from the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) spacecraft. The sunspot signal for all models used here is determined from SFO red continuum images at 672.3 nm. The facular signal is determined from either Ca II K-line images at 393.4 nm or space-based UV images from the SDO/AIA experiment. Images at both AIA wavelengths are processed with the standard San Fernando Observatory (SFO) algorithms. The SFO data is obtained from two photometric telescopes, which differ in spatial resolution by a factor of 2. The results of the linear regressions show good agreement between the fits that use SFO Ca II K-line data and the fits that use SDO UV data. However, facular indices obtained from SDO/AIA 170 nm images give significantly better fits than SDO/AIA 160 nm. We compare the goodness of the correlation using R2, that is, the multiple regression coefficient R, squared. The best two-component fit using ground-based Ca II K-line data was R2 = 0.873; using AIA 170 nm produced R2 = 0.896. Correlations using the AIA 160 nm data were consistently lower with values of R2 as low as 0.793, where R2 is the coefficient of multiple correlation.
Role of Free Flaps in Facial Burn Reconstructions
Authors: Ravula Parvathi , Reddy D. Mukunda , Rangachari Srikanth , Yerra Kovida 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTraditionally, burn reconstructions have been performed by the use of skin grafting or local flaps. Recently free flaps are being used with increasing frequency. Although not very common in the head neck region, free flaps are mostly used for secondary reconstructions of cervicofacial contractures. We report the role of free flaps in postburn facial reconstructions, excluding neck and scalp burns. Sixteen free flaps used for postburn facial reconstructions were reviewed retrospectively, during the period between 2003 and 2023. The etiology, indications, timing, location, choice of the flap, type of reconstruction, and outcomes were analyzed. Indications and type of reconstructions were categorized to correlate with flap choice. The age of the patients ranged between 8 and 40 years. The etiology included electrical burns in six cases, flame burns in eight cases, and acid burns in two cases. Nine defects were in the central part of the face including the nose and the chin. Two primary and 14 secondary reconstructions were performed using free flaps from lateral thigh in 11 cases, lateral arm in 2 free flaps cases, radial forearm in 2 free flaps cases, and the posterior auricular flap in 1 case. There were no total flap failures. Secondary procedures were needed in 10 of 13 evaluable patients. Free flaps provide a good and safe option for selective postburn reconstructions in the face. The choice of flap mainly depends on the indication and type of reconstruction needed, apart from the availability of donor tissue and the surgeon's preference. Complex reconstructions may need larger and composite flaps to replace the components. Multiple secondary procedures are needed to achieve the objectives.