bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptanalysis of an RSA variant with moduli N=prql
Authors: Lu Yao , Peng Liqiang , Sarkar Santanu 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In this paper we study an RSA variant with moduli of the form

N
=

p
r

⁢

q
l

{N=p^{r}q^{l}}

(

r
>
l
≥
2

{r>l\geq 2}

).
This variant was mentioned by Boneh, Durfee and Howgrave-Graham [2]. Later Lim, Kim, Yie and Lee [11] showed that this variant is much faster than the standard RSA moduli in the step of decryption procedure. There are two proposals of RSA variants when

N
=

p
r

⁢

q
l

{N=p^{r}q^{l}}

. In the first proposal, the encryption exponent e and the decryption exponent d satisfy

e
⁢
d

≡

1
mod

p

r
-
1

⁢

q

l
-
1

⁢

(

p
-
1

)

⁢

(

q
-
1

)

ed\equiv 1\bmod p^{r-1}q^{l-1}(p-1)(q-1)

, whereas in the second proposal

e
⁢
d

≡

1
mod

(

p
-
1

)

⁢

(

q
-
1

)

ed\equiv 1\bmod(p-1)(q-1)

. We prove that for the first case if

d
<

N

1
-

(

3
⁢
r

+
l

)

⁢

(

r
+
l

)

-
2

{d<N^{1-({3r+l}){(r+l)^{-2}}}}

, one can factor N in polynomial time. We also show that polynomial time factorization is possible if

d
<

N

(

7
-

2
⁢

7

)

/

(

3
⁢

(

r
+
l

)

)

{d<N^{({7-2\sqrt{7}})/{(3(r+l))}}}

for the second case. Finally, we study the case when few bits of one prime are known to the attacker for this variant of RSA. We show that given

min
⁡

(

l

r
+
l

,

2
⁢

(

r
-
l

)

r
+
l

)

⁢

log
2

⁡
p

{\min(\frac{l}{r+l},\frac{2(r-l)}{r+l})\log_{2}p}

least significant bits of one prime, one can factor N in polynomial time.
Lust an Gewalt: appetitive Aggression als Teil der menschlichen Natur
Authors: Elbert Thomas , Moran James K. , Schauer Maggie 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungAppetitive Aggression bezeichnet eine biologische Anlage, die zu aggressivem Verhalten motiviert und Gewaltausübung unter positiven Affekt zulässt. Im Gegensatz zur reaktiven Aggression, die hilft, sich einer Bedrohung zu erwehren und begleitende negative emotionale Erregung und Ärger zu reduzieren, erlaubt die appetitive Gewalt die Übertragung von Jagdlust auch auf Menschenjagd und kann bis hin zum Blutrausch führen, dem Töten um seiner selbst Willen. Neben einer Adrenalinwelle begleitet Cortisol- und Endorphinausschüttung dieses meist ethisch inakzeptable Vergnügen. Um die Belohnungssysteme über appetitive Aggression zu aktivieren, muss entsprechend deren moralische und kulturelle Hemmung außer Kraft gesetzt werden, etwa durch Entmenschlichung des Feindes bei bewaffneten Gruppen. Einmal in Gang gesetzt ergibt sich eine positive Rückmeldeschleife: Je mehr Gewalttaten mit Anteilen von positivem Affekt erlebt werden, desto mehr werden sie ausgeübt und desto positiver werden sie empfunden. Die latente Leidenschaft für Kampf und Dominanz kann wohl zumindest in fast allen Männern geweckt werden. Im Kollektiv ermöglicht dies Krieg und Zerstörung bis hin zum Versuch, ganze ethnische Gruppen auszulöschen:„Je mehr wir töteten, desto mehr kamen wir auf den Geschmack weiter zu machen. Wenn man die Gier ungestraft ausleben kann, lässt sie einen nie los. Man konnte sie uns an unseren vom Töten hervorquellenden Augen ablesen. […] Es war ein unvorhergesehenes Volksvergnügen.“(aus Hatzfeld, 2004). Appetitive Aggression, die Anlage zur Lust an Gewalt ist also keineswegs eine psychopathologische Besonderheit sondern Teil der menschlichen Natur, Teil des menschlichen Verhaltensrepertoires. Moral, Kultur und das Gewaltmonopol des Staates sind die Wächter, um das Aggressionspotenzial zu regulieren und in wünschenswerte Bereiche zu lenken.
Bedeutung von Activin für Kognition, Affekt und neuronales Überleben
Authors: Zheng Fang , Link Andrea , Alzheimer Christian 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Activin ist ein multifunktionales regulatorisches Protein und gehört zur Transforming Growth Factor-β-Familie. Im adulten Gehirn fördert Activin neuronales Überleben bei akuter und chronischer Schädigung. Der Faktor reguliert neuronale Schaltkreise aber auch unter physiologischen Bedingungen. Activin soll hier als ein Master-Molekül vorgestellt werden, das erregende und hemmende Synapsen im ZNS in einer Weise beeinflusst, die kognitive Leistungen fördert und die Gemütslage stabilisiert. Activin unterstützt Lernen und Gedächtnis durch Verstärkung der synaptischen Plastizität, wobei NMDA-Rezeptoren und die Dendriten-Morphologie wichtige Angriffspunkte darstellen. Eine gentechnische Blockade des Activin-Signalwegs senkt über eine Veränderung der GABA-Wirkung das Angstverhalten. Außerdem mehren sich Hinweise, dass Activin als endogenes Antidepressivum und Mediator antidepressiver Therapien fungieren könnte.
Lust for violence: Appetitive aggression as a fundamental part of human nature
Authors: Elbert Thomas , Moran James K. , Schauer Maggie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAppetitive aggression describes a biologically-driven form of aggressive behaviour and violence characterized by positive affect. In contrast to reactive aggression, which has the function of resisting a threat, and reducing concomitant negative emotional arousal and anger, appetitive aggression underlies the pleasure of violence. A prototypical example is hunting, which can in turn transfer to the hunting of humans and can even result in bloodlust, and killing for its own sake. At the physiological level, this morally illicit pleasure is accompanied by an adrenalin surge, the release of cortisol and endorphins. In order to activate reward systems via appetitive aggression, their moral and cultural restraints need to be overridden. For example, armed groups work to dehumanize the enemy. Once initiated, a positive feedback loop is generated: As the individual commits more acts of violence with elements of positive affect, the tendency to commit them grows, and they begin to be perceived more positively. A latent passion for fighting and dominance can probably be evoked in almost all men and in some women. The cumulative outcome of whole groups, tribes, or communities enacting this aggression is war and destruction, to the point of trying to extinguish entire ethnic groups:“… and yes, human beings, hundreds of thousands of otherwise normal people, not professional killers, did it.”(from “The Killers in Rwanda Speak” by Jean Hatzfeld, 2005). Thus, appetitive aggression, the disposition towards a lust for violence, is by no means a psychopathological anomaly but an intrinsic part of the human behavioural repertoire. Morality, culture and the state monopoly on violence constitute the guards that regulate aggression potential and to channel it into socially useful forms.
DFG-Sonderforschungsbereich SFB1193 „Neurobiologie der Resilienz gegenüber stressinduzierter psychischer Dysfunktion: Mechanismen verstehen und Prävention fördern“
Authors: Kalisch Raffael , Wessa Michèle , Lutz Beat 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Stressbedingte psychische Erkrankungen wie Angst, Depression, chronischer Schmerz oder Sucht können großes individuelles Leid sowie hohe gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Folgekosten nach sich ziehen. Fortschritte in unserem Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Krankheitsmechanismen und insbesondere in der Entwicklung neuer Therapien waren trotz großer Forschungsanstrengungen in den letzten Jahrzehnten nur begrenzt; stressbedingte Erkrankungen sind immer noch weit verbreitet. Wir glauben daher, dass es an der Zeit ist, pathophysiologische Forschung durch einen alternativen Ansatz zu ergänzen, der darin besteht, Schutzmechanismen zu untersuchen, die die Aufrechterhaltung der psychischen Gesundheit während und nach Lebenskrisen (z.B. potenziell traumatisierende Ereignisse, schwierige Lebensumstände oder Lebensumbrüche, körperliche Erkrankungen) unterstützen. Eine Fokussierung auf Resilienz anstatt auf Krankheit stellt einen Paradigmenwechsel in der psychischen Gesundheitsforschung dar und birgt Chancen für die Entwicklung von Präventionsstrategien. Mit unserer SFB-Initiative möchten wir zu diesem Paradigmenwechsel beitragen, indem wir (i) eine kohärente Theorie für die neurobiologische Erforschung der Resilienz gegen stressbedingte psychische Störungen entwickeln (Ziel 1 des SFB), (ii) neurobiologische Resilienzmechanismen identifizieren und besser verstehen (Ziel 2) und (iii) die auf diese Weise gewonnenen Einsichten für neue oder verbesserte Präventionen nutzbar machen (Ziel 3).
Phosphorylation of Pkp1 by RIPK4 regulates epidermal differentiation and skin tumorigenesis
Authors: Lee Philbert , Jiang Shangwen , Li Yuanyuan , Yue Jiping , Gou Xuewen , Chen Shao‐Yu , Zhao Yingming , Schober Markus , Tan Minjia , Wu Xiaoyang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTissue homeostasis of skin is sustained by epidermal progenitor cells localized within the basal layer of the skin epithelium. Post‐translational modification of the proteome, such as protein phosphorylation, plays a fundamental role in the regulation of stemness and differentiation of somatic stem cells. However, it remains unclear how phosphoproteomic changes occur and contribute to epidermal differentiation. In this study, we survey the epidermal cell differentiation in a systematic manner by combining quantitative phosphoproteomics with mammalian kinome cDNA library screen. This approach identified a key signaling event, phosphorylation of a desmosome component, PKP1 (plakophilin‐1) by RIPK4 (receptor‐interacting serine–threonine kinase 4) during epidermal differentiation. With genome‐editing and mouse genetics approach, we show that loss of function of either Pkp1 or Ripk4 impairs skin differentiation and enhances epidermal carcinogenesis in vivo. Phosphorylation of PKP1's N‐terminal domain by RIPK4 is essential for their role in epidermal differentiation. Taken together, our study presents a global view of phosphoproteomic changes that occur during epidermal differentiation, and identifies RIPK‐PKP1 signaling as novel axis involved in skin stratification and tumorigenesis.
Leadership as Identity: the Focus in African Literature
Authors: Paasche Karin Ilona Ilona 
Published: May 2017

The Panama Papers leakage implicated several African leaders in global corruption deals. It confirmed perceptions that these leaders care little for their people. African leaders who overstay term limits are the focus of Western democratic ire. Pro-democracy movements, the overthrow of regimes characterised as undemocratic gain unquestioned media coverage and praise. African leaders are summoned to the International Criminal Court in The Hague; their societies debate whether justice can be administered from outside. Increasingly, voices question African political and developmental processes. African Literature participates in struggles defining modern Africa’s search for identity and its own definition of leadership. It points to possibilities rooted in African Oral Tradition and in customs predating various colonial systems. Leadership forms that societies choose are closely linked to perceptions of identity. This paper examines the crisis of identity which has resulted in Africa’s crisis of leadership and looks at approaches taken by African writers and filmmakers: Malian filmmaker Cheik Oumar Sissoko’s film La Genèse (1999), South African writer Zakes Mda’s novels Ways of Dying(1995), Heart of Redness (2000).
Racial and Ethnic Differences in ADHD Treatment Quality Among Medicaid-Enrolled Youth
Authors: Cummings Janet R. , Ji Xu , Allen Lindsay , Lally Cathy , Druss Benjamin G. 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVES:
We estimated racial/ethnic differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) care quality and treatment continuity among Medicaid-enrolled children.

METHODS:
Using Medicaid data from 9 states (2008 to 2011), we identified 172 322 youth (age 6 to 12) initiating ADHD medication. Outcome measures included: (1) adequate follow-up care in the (a) initiation and (b) continuation and maintenance (C&M) treatment phases; (2) combined treatment with medication and psychotherapy (versus medication alone); (3) medication discontinuation; and (4) treatment disengagement (ie, discontinued medication and received no psychotherapy). Logistic regressions controlled for confounding measures.

RESULTS:
Among those initiating medication, three-fifths received adequate follow-up care in the initiation and C&M phases, and under two-fifths received combined treatment. Compared with whites, African American youth were less likely to receive adequate follow-up in either phase (P &lt; .05), whereas Hispanic youth were more likely to receive adequate follow-up in the C&M phase (P &lt; .001). African American and Hispanic youth were more likely than whites to receive combined treatment (P &lt; .05). Over three-fifths discontinued medication, and over four-tenths disengaged from treatment. Compared with whites, African American and Hispanic children were 22.4% and 16.7% points more likely to discontinue medication, and 13.1% and 9.4% points more likely to disengage from treatment, respectively (P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Care quality for Medicaid-enrolled youth initiating ADHD medication is poor, and racial/ethnic differences in these measures are mixed. The most important disparities occur in the higher rates of medication discontinuation among minorities, which translate into higher rates of treatment disengagement because most youth discontinuing medication receive no psychotherapy.
Lokalanästhesien beim Wiederkäuer
Authors: Schwarz Andrea , Ringer Simone , Nuss Karl 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungLokalanästhetika ermöglichen es, chirurgische Eingriffe am Wiederkäuerpatienten in der Praxis schmerzfrei, effizient und kostengünstig vorzunehmen. Eine Kombination aus Sedation, Fixation und Lokalanästhesie kann bei vielen Indikationen (z. B. Kastration, Klauenamputation) die Allgemeinanästhesie ersetzen. Für eine Vielzahl von Eingriffen stehen einfache Techniken (z. B. lokale Infiltration, Anästhesie des Ramus cornualis), aber auch komplexere Techniken (z. B. Lokalanästhesie am Auge, an den Gliedmaßen oder für Nabeloperationen) zur Verfügung. Die Arbeit gibt eine bebilderte Übersicht zu Lokalanästhesietechniken vor allem beim Rind, aber auch beim kleinen Wiederkäuer, die als Anleitung für die Anwendung in der Praxis dienen kann. Viele dieser Techniken lassen sich prinzipiell auch auf andere Wiederkäuer oder Paarhufer übertragen.
FORECASTING OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF NEW VEHICLES
Authors: Krasheninin O. S. , Klymenko O. V. , Ponomarenko O. V. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose. The research work focuses on forecasting of performance evaluation of the tractive and non-tractive vehicles that will satisfy and meet the needs and requirements of the railway industry, which is constantly evolving. Methodology. Analysis of the technical condition of the existing fleet of rolling stock (tractive and non-tractive) of Ukrainian Railways shows a substantial reduction that occurs in connection with its moral and physical wear and tear, as well as insufficient and limited purchase of new units of the tractive and non-tractive rolling stock in the desired quantity. In this situation there is a necessity of search of the methods for determination of rolling stock technical characteristics. One of such urgent and effective measures is to conduct forecasting of the defining characteristics of the vehicles based on the processes of their reproduction in conditions of limited resources using a continuous exponential function. The function of the growth rate of the projected figure degree for the vehicle determines the logistic characteristic that with unlimited resources has the form of an exponent, and with low ones – that of a line. Findings. The data obtained according to the proposed method allowed determining the expected (future) value, that is the ratio of load to volume of the body for non-tractive rolling stock (gondola cars) and weight-to-power for tractive rolling stock, the degree of forecast reliability and the standard forecast error, which show high prediction accuracy for the completed procedure. As a result, this will allow estimating the required characteristics of vehicles in the forecast year with high accuracy. Originality. The concept of forecasting the characteristics of the vehicles for decision-making on the evaluation of their prospects was proposed. Practical value. The forecasting methodology will reliably determine the technical parameters of tractive and non-tractive rolling stock, which will meet the modern requirements of the railroading, including at the design stage and while upgrading the vehicles.
Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review of Current and Emerging Therapeutic Options
Authors: Moskovitz Jessica M. , Moy Jennifer , Seiwert Tanguy Y. , Ferris Robert L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAdvances in the field of cancer immunotherapy have occurred rapidly over the past decade. Exciting results from clinical trials have led to new treatment options and improved survival for patients with a myriad of solid tumor pathologies. However, questions remain unanswered regarding duration and timing of therapy, combination regimens, appropriate biomarkers of disease, and optimal monitoring of therapeutic response. This article reviews emerging immunotherapeutic agents and significant clinical trials that have led to advancements in the field of immuno-oncology for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Real-World Data on Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival in EGFR Mutation-Positive Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with First-Line Gefitinib
Authors: Yao Zong-Han , Liao Wei-Yu , Ho Chao-Chi , Chen Kuan-Yu , Shih Jin-Yuan , Chen Jin-Shing , Lin Zhong-Zhe , Lin Chia-Chi , Chih-Hsin Yang James , Yu Chong-Jen 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to identify independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and receiving gefitinib as first-line treatment in real-world practice.

Materials and Methods
We enrolled 226 patients from June 2011 to May 2013. During this period, gefitinib was the only EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor reimbursed by the Bureau of National Health Insurance of Taiwan.

Results
The median progression-free survival and median OS were 11.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.7–14.2) and 26.9 months (21.2–32.5), respectively. The Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that postoperative recurrence, performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Grade [ECOG] ≥2), smoking index (≥20 pack-years), liver metastasis at initial diagnosis, and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were independent prognostic factors for OS (hazard ratio [95% CI] 0.3 [0.11–0.83], p = .02; 2.69 [1.60–4.51], p &lt; .001; 1.92 [1.24–2.97], p = .003; 2.26 [1.34–3.82], p = .002; 3.38 [1.85–7.78], p &lt; .001, respectively). However, brain metastasis (BM) at initial diagnosis or intracranial progression during gefitinib treatment had no impact on OS (1.266 [0.83–1.93], p = .275 and 0.75 [0.48–1.19], p = .211, respectively).

Conclusion
HCV infection, performance status (ECOG ≥2), newly diagnosed advanced NSCLC without prior operation, and liver metastasis predicted poor OS in EGFR mutation-positive advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line gefitinib; however, neither BM at initial diagnosis nor intracranial progression during gefitinib treatment had an impact on OS.
Unethical Behaviour of Organisations from a Social Network Perspective. A Literature Review
Authors: Grzesiuk Kalina 
Published: May 2017

One of the distinctive features of contemporary organisations is their interconnectedness. Relationships between companies are usually analysed on the basis of social network relationships between them. The research question this article aims to answer concerns the influence of being part of an interorganisational network on the occurrence and consequences of unethical behaviour.This paper covers three main areas of research regarding this topic. Firstly, the role networks play in the initiation, evolution, and consequences of wrongdoings. The main problem taken into consideration in this part of the article is identifying network factors which increase and mitigate the propensity of organisations to deceive their partners. Two main types of such determinants include relational and structural factors. The first group usually involves features such as the strength of ties, the symmetry/asymmetry of ties, and the status of partners. The latter includes such variables as structural holes, centrality, density and the cohesiveness of the network. The second area covered in this article concerns how misconduct behaviours spread throughout the network of interorganisational ties. This phenomenon might resemble a social or emotional contagion occurring in social networks. The effects of unethical acts on the network are the main interest of the third part of this paper. Usually, the consequences of wrongdoing by one of the interconnected partners include a change in the quality of the related partners, modifications in the structure of the network, and an alteration of its prominence and cohesion. In conclusion, there are some suggestions for lines of inquiry in the area of unethical behaviour from the social network perspective in the future.
Poverty, Obesity, Diabetes: Are They the By-Products of Liberalization of Global Economy?
Authors: Rehman Sharaf N. 
Published: May 2017

The paper briefly describes the causes of a global rise in obesity and diabetes. In so doing, it establishes links between (1) poverty and obesity, and (2) obesity and diabetes. The paper also presents data from a survey (N=147) conducted in a depressed economy in Texas where cases of obesity and diabetes are among the highest in the US. The paper argues for a paradigm shift in viewing the role of policymakers in regards to food and pharmaceutical industries, both locally and globally.
What Shall We Do with Our Boys? An Impact of the GI Bill on the US Economy
Authors: Kowalski Kamil 
Published: May 2017

The GI Bill of Rights (The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944) was a comprehensive program to aid returning veterans in their speedy readjustment to a civilian life. Its role was also to enable the veterans to fit them into the civilian economy. In the first part of the text, the economic and political context of the discussion around the Bill is discussed. The author refers to the popular belief that the end of the war was expected to result in the return of another economic depression. The latter was to be deepened by winding down war production and speeded up by returning servicemen. The text examines how the Bill was to tackle that challenge. The main body of the article is built around the analysis of the provisions of the Act that relate to the benefits for the former soldiers. This includes a mustering-out pay, education benefits, medical care for the disabled in the war, unemployment insurance, an allowance credit and pensions for disabled veterans. The requirements, terms of funding and sum of benefits are presented and discussed. The last part concludes with the general remarks about the significance of the Bill and its contemporary perception in the USA.