bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling Polarization‐Induced Polaron Accumulation in OLEDs via Device Design
Authors: Pakhomenko Evgeny , Martin Sage , He Siliang , Kapur Abhinav , Holmes Russell J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSpontaneous alignment of molecular electric dipole moments, known as spontaneous orientation polarization (SOP), is present in many organic electronic materials. The SOP‐induced field changes the internal voltage distribution within the device, altering polaron injection and accumulation. The important role of SOP in organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) has recently been emphasized with clear links between dipole alignment and device efficiency and operational lifetime. Prior work has thus sought to engineer SOP via changes in thin film composition or processing conditions. These efforts have generally been directed at the OLED electron transport layer, which can show strong SOP. This work takes a different approach, focusing instead on how changes in device architecture can be applied to tune the magnitude and dynamics of polaron accumulation in response to SOP. In this work, it is demonstrated that the introduction of SOP into the device emissive layer offers control over the spatial location of accumulation. In parallel, insertion of a spacer layer between the hole transport and emissive layers can be used to tune the polaron accumulation rate and density during device operation. Both of these architectural changes permit an increase in OLED efficiency and a pathway around the deleterious impact of SOP‐induced polaron accumulation.
Carbon‐Encapsulated Single‐Atom Platinum Nickel Alloy for Efficient and Durable Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Through Enhanced Charge Polarization
Authors: Ren Huanwei , Yu Wanqing , Lv Maoyuan , Gao Jie , Hu Hao , Wang Mengdi , Cui Xuejing , Liu Jing , Jiang Luhua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeveloping efficient and stable non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for fuel cells is pivotal yet challenging. Herein, a dual‐modulation strategy by integrating a single‐atom alloy (SAA) core with carbon encapsulation to fabricate an advanced NiPtSA@NC catalyst is proposed, which exhibits an impressive specific activity of 82.0 µA cm−2 and superior stability for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). Experimental and theoretical investigations unveil that the superior HOR performance is due to the enhanced water adsorption and optimized hydrogen binding energy over the dual‐modulated Ni active centers with a moderately downshifted d‐band center, which stems from the charge polarization triggered by the introduced Pt atoms, creating an electron‐rich local environment for Pt atoms while electron‐depletion for Ni atoms, as well as inducing electrons transfer from the metallic core to the carbon shell. This study provides an effective dual modulation strategy to construct robust non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for HOR, guiding the catalyst design of other related catalytic reactions.
Construction of Heterointerfaced Nanoreactor Electrocatalyst via In Situ Evolution Toward Practical Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wei Xiaoling , Zhang Zhen , Luo Dan , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSodium‐sulfur (Na─S) batteries have drawn considerable research interest owing to their high theoretical energy density and nature abundance. However, the intrinsic sluggish kinetics that has so far been scarcely explored in the conversion reaction of sodium polysulfides (NaPS) hinders its practical application. Herein, the design strategy of heterointerfaced nanoreactor is presented as sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) electrocatalyst for room temperature Na─S batteries. The synergistic incorporation of heterointerface and confined structure design can modulate the electronic structure of transitional metal active site and upshift its d‐band center, leading to enhanced NaPS adsorption and catalytic conversion toward streamlined SRR. Moreover, the spatial confinement of nanoreactor can not only stockpile nanoparticles to avoid their agglomeration and detachment, but also effectively immobilize sulfur species to inhibit shuttle effect and accommodate volume expansion over sodiation. The as‐developed electrocatalyst can achieve high discharge capacity of 1310 mAh g−1, remarkable cycling stability over 2500 cycles, and excellent performance under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte/sulfur ratio. Ah level pouch cell can also exhibit promising performance for practical application. This strategy affords a synergistic combination of nanoreactor and heterointerface structure engineering toward fast and reliable electrochemistry, paving ways for the practical application of room temperature Na─S batteries.
Multimodal, Ultrasensitive, and Biomimetic Electronic Skin Based on Gradient Micro‐Frustum Ionogel for Imaginary Keyboard and Haptic Cognition
Authors: Xia Yifan , Zhi Xinrong , Guo Mengjia , Zhang Yinghao , Ma Shifan , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectronic skins (E‐skins) are poised to revolutionize human interaction not only with one another but also with machines, electronics, and surrounding environment. However, the wearable E‐skin that simultaneously offers multiple sensing capabilities, high sensitivity, and broad sensing ranges remains a great challenge. Here, drawing inspiration from human haptic perception, a multimodal, ultrasensitive, and biomimetic E‐skin (MES) founded on micro‐frustum ionogel is developed based on iontronic capacitive and triboelectric effects for imaginary keyboard and multifunctional haptic cognition. Leveraging simultaneously the ionogel as capacitive layer and triboelectric layer, the MES enables human‐dermis perception performances of high sensitivity (357.56 kPa−1), low limit of detection (0.47 Pa), and broad linear detection range (0–500 kPa). Moreover, human finger joint movements can be precisely monitored by the attached MES and be transferred into accurate typed letter information on an imaginary keyboard. More importantly, by harnessing signal acquisition/processing circuits and machine learning, the real‐time haptic cognition of different materials, surface roughness, and contact pressure can be achieved by the MES, which endows the advancement of interaction between next‐generation intelligent robot and physical environment. Consequently, the proposed MES demonstrates impressive potentials in the fields of wearable electronics, human–machine interaction (HMI), and Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Molecular Confinement Engineering Induced Super Thermostable and RT‐Adjustable Gel for Tri‐Heat‐Channeled Smart Window
Authors: Guo Zhi‐Guang , Xiong Peng‐Qi , Nan Hai‐Feng , Yan Ding‐Xiang , Zhong Gan‐Ji , Lei Jun , Li Zhong‐Ming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThermochromic hydrogel‐based smart windows hold great potential for building energy‐saving. However, most of thermochromic hydrogels possess high response temperatures (RT) and poor size stability under heat, resulting in limited energy‐saving performance for smart windows. Here, a printable thermochromic gel (PNC) is reported with low thermal shrinkage and tunable RT for smart windows applications via molecular confinement engineering. The RT of PNC gel is well within the comfort temperature zone of the human body and can be modulated (26.5–31.5 °C) by the introduced support networks. Importantly, the resultant gel exhibits a super transmittance (95%) in visible light and an outstanding modulation (87%) for sunlight. Based on PNC gel, a tri‐heat‐channeled smart window is fabricated using a multilevel thermal regulation strategy that couples conduction, radiation, and evaporative cooling. The tri‐heat‐channeled smart window demonstrates outstanding daytime cooling (10 °C lower than conventional windows) and can cut off 30% of annual heating, ventilation, and air‐conditioning (HAVC) energy consumption. Furthermore, a novel smart window is designed with invisible shutters that appear only when needed. This work offers novel clues for constructing versatile gels and innovative smart windows for building energy‐saving.
Application of Drug Delivery System Based on Nanozyme Cascade Technology in Chronic Wound
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Li Zhipeng , Liu Chaolong , Yu Hongli , Sun Yong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChronic wounds are characterized by long‐term inflammation, including diabetic ulcers, traumatic ulcers, etc., which provide an optimal environment for bacterial proliferation. At present, antibiotics are the main clinical treatment method for chronic wound infections. However, the overuse of antibiotics may accelerate the emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria, which poses a significant threat to human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies for bacterial infections. Nanozyme‐based antimicrobial therapy (NABT) is an emerging antimicrobial strategy with broad‐spectrum activity and low drug resistance compared to traditional antibiotics. NABT has shown great potential as an emerging antimicrobial strategy by catalyzing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with its enzyme‐like catalytic properties, producing a powerful bactericidal effect without developing drug resistance. Nanozyme‐based cascade antimicrobial technology offers a new approach to infection control, effectively improving antimicrobial efficacy by activating cascades against bacterial cell membranes and intracellular DNA while minimizing potential side effects. However, it is worth noting that this technology is still in the early stages of research. This article comprehensively reviews wound classification, current methods for the treatment of wound infection, different types of nanozymes, the application of nanozyme cascade reaction technology in antimicrobial therapy, and future challenges and prospects.
Strong Silkworm Silk Fibers through CNT‐Feeding and Forced Reeling
Authors: Lu Haojie , Jian Muqiang , Liang Xiaoping , Wang Yida , Niu Jiali , Zhang Yingying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance silk fibers, with their eco‐friendly degradability and renewability, have long captivated researchers as an alternative to synthetic fibers. Spider dragline silk, renowned for its exceptional strength (>1 GPa), has an extremely low yield, hindering its widespread use. While domesticated silkworms (Bombyx mori) can produce silk fibers industrially, their moderate strength (≈0.5 GPa) pales in comparison to the formidable spider dragline silk. In this study, naturally produced strong silkworm silk fibers are reported with a tensile strength of ≈1.2 GPa achieved through combining feeding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to silkworms and in situ forced reeling for alignment. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm the interaction between the CNTs and silk fibroin, while the forced reeling process aligns these reinforcing fillers and the silk fibroin β‐sheet nanocrystals along the fiber axis. Structural analysis reveals a significant enhancement in the content and alignment of β‐sheet nanocrystals within the silk fibers, accounting for their superior mechanical properties, including tensile strength of ≈1.2 GPa and Young's modulus of 24.4 GPa, surpassing various types of silkworm silk and spider silk. This advancement addresses the historical trade‐off between the strength and scalability of silk, potentially paving the way for eco‐friendly, biodegradable, and renewable alternatives to synthetic fibers in a variety of applications.
Gradient and De‐Clustered Anionic Redox Enabled Undetectable O2 Formation in 4.5 V Sodium Manganese Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Li Na , Zhao Enyue , Zhang Zhigang , Yin Wen , He Lunhua , Wang Baotian , Wang Fangwei , Xiao Xiaoling , Zhao Jinkui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnionic redox chemistry presents a promising approach to enhancing the energy density of oxide cathode materials. However, anionic redox reactions invariably lead to O2 formation, either as free gaseous O2 or trapped molecular O2, which destabilizes the material's structure. Here, this critical challenge is addressed by constructing a crystal structure with both gradient redox activity and de‐clustered redox‐active oxygen. This design strategy is directly validated by operando differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and ex situ 50 K electron paramagnetic resonance, revealing no release of O2 or trapped O2 in the 4.5 V P2‐type sodium manganese‐based layered oxide. Notably, the material exhibits a highly reversible capacity of 247 mA h g−1 at 20 mA g−1 and exceptional capacity retention of 91.4% after 300 cycles at 300 mA g−1. In situ X‐ray diffraction further suggests that the absence of O2 formation suppresses the typical P2‐O2 phase transition, resulting in a minimal lattice volume change of only 0.5%. Ex situ neutron diffraction studies and theoretical calculations further elucidate that the locally ordered lattice is well‐preserved, attributable to reduced cationic migrations during cycling.
The Roles of Micro‐ and Nanoscale Materials in Cell‐Engineering Systems
Authors: Jiang Yuan , Harberts Jann , Assadi Artin , Chen Yaping , Spatz Joachim P. , Duan Wei , Nisbet David R. , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Elnathan Roey 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCustomizable manufacturing of ex vivo cell engineering is driven by the need for innovations in the biomedical field and holds substantial potential for addressing current therapeutic challenges; but it is still only in its infancy. Micro‐ and nanoscale‐engineered materials are increasingly used to control core cell‐level functions in cellular engineering. By reprogramming or redirecting targeted cells for extremely precise functions, these advanced materials offer new possibilities. This influences the modularity of cell reprogramming and reengineering, making these materials part of versatile and emerging technologies. Here, the roles of micro‐ and nanoscale materials in cell engineering are highlighted, demonstrating how they can be adaptively controlled to regulate cellular reprogramming and core cell‐level functions, including differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, user‐defined gene expression, and epigenetic changes. The current reprogramming routes used to achieve pluripotency from somatic cells and the significant potential of induced pluripotent stem cell technology for translational biomedical research are covered. Recent advances in nonviral intracellular delivery modalities for cell reprogramming and their constraints are evaluated. This paper focuses on emerging physical and combinatorial approaches of intracellular delivery for cell engineering, revealing the capabilities and limitations of these routes. It is showcased how these programmable materials are continually being explored as customizable tools for inducing biophysical stimulation. Harnessing the power of micro‐ and nanoscale‐engineered materials will be a step change in the design of cell engineering, producing a suite of powerful tools for addressing potential future challenges in therapeutic cell engineering.
Alicyclic Polyimide With Multiple Breakdown Self‐Healing Based on Gas‐Condensation Phase Validation for High Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Huang Wenjie , Wan Baoquan , Yang Xing , Cheng Meng , Zhang Yiyi , Li Yuchao , Wu Chao , Dang Zhi‐Min , Zha Jun‐Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolymer dielectrics with combined thermal stability and self‐healing properties are specifically desired for high‐temperature film capacitors. The high thermal stability of conventional polymers benefits from the abundance of aromatic rings in the molecule backbone, but the high carbon content sacrifices their self‐healing properties. Here, analicyclic polyimide with a high glass transition temperature (256 °C) and wide energy bandgap (4.58 eV) is designed, which exhibits electric conductivity more than an order of magnitude lower than that of classical polyimide at high electric fields and high temperatures. As a result, alicyclic polyimide achieves a discharged energy density of 4.54 J cm−3 and a charge‐discharge efficiency of above 90% at 200 °C, which is superior to existing dielectric polymers and composites. The alicyclic polyimide benefits from a low pyrolytic residual carbon rate, retaining 93% of the dielectric breakdown strength after four electrical breakdown cycles. Distinguishing from the current condensed‐phase self‐healing concept, for the first time, exploring the self‐healing capability of high‐temperature polyimide dielectric is presented based on dual self‐healing mechanisms of gas‐phase and condensed‐phase. The high energy density at high temperatures and the superior self‐healing capability of alicyclic polyimide further indicate the promise of polyimide dielectric film capacitors for extreme conditions.
Remote Activation of Antimicrobial Properties via Magnetoeletric Stimulation of Biopolymer‐Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Moreira Joana , Fernandes Margarida M. , Correia Daniela M. , Correia Vitor , Rincón‐Iglesias Mikel , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial materials are crucial for high‐touch surfaces to prevent the adhesion and proliferation of microorganisms, playing a key role in infection control measures. In this work, a magnetoelectric nanocomposite able to exert antimicrobial activity when magnetically stimulated, is obtained by solvent casting. The nanocomposites, composed of poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and cobalt ferrite magnetostrictive nanoparticles (CFO NPs), respond to a variable magnetic field by mechanically stimulating the piezoelectric component of the material, thereby inducing an electrical polarization. The antimicrobial properties of the material are determined by exposing it to different frequencies (0.3 and 1 Hz) using a custom‐designed magnetic bioreactor, where the resulting electrical microenvironments are the contributing factor. The growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus over the nanocomposite is highly inhibited when magnetically stimulated (dynamic conditions) mainly at 0.3 Hz, in contrast to static conditions. The electric microenvironment is further measured upon magnetic stimulation, with PHBV films with 20% CFO inducing a voltage variation of ≈20 µV at the surface while the films with 10% CFO induced a voltage variation of ≈12 µV. This work demonstrated that magnetic stimulation, combined with magnetoelectric materials, can be used for remote antimicrobial control, thus preventing the spread of infections.
Probing of Polarization Reversal in Ferroelectric (Al,Sc)N Films Using Single‐ and Tri‐Layered Structures With Different Sc/(Al+Sc) Ratio
Authors: Yasuoka Shinnosuke , Shimizu Takao , Okamoto Kazuki , Sun Nana , Doko Soshun , Matsui Naoko , Irisawa Toshikazu , Tsunekawa Koji , Gruverman Alexei , Funakubo Hiroshi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWurtzite‐(Al,Sc)N films are promising candidates for ferroelectric memory devices owing to their outstanding properties. However, there are many challenges on the way to practical applications, including lowering an electric field required for polarization switching. Understanding the switching kinetics, especially the starting point of polarization reversal, is key to designing materials with desired properties. Here, the impact of Sc concentration and segregation on the switching kinetics for (Al,Sc)N capacitors is investigated by evaluating time‐ and field‐dependences of the switching polarization for the tri‐layered (Al,Sc)N films with various Sc/(Al+Sc) ratios. The remanent polarization of stacked films slightly decreased compared to those of the single‐layered films with the same average Sc/(Al+Sc) ratio, while their coercive fields depended on the average Sc content in (Al,Sc)N. The ferroelectric switching behavior suggests the possibility of nucleation originating from the Sc‐rich region and the sequential switching mechanism for individual layers, which is unique to multilayered films. This shows a possibility that nucleations of the polarization switching start not from the interface between the (Al,Sc)N films and the electrodes. The unique switching kinetics in tri‐layered (Al,Sc)N films have provided new insights into the field of ferroelectric switching in wurtzite‐nitrides.
A Hybrid Mechanism Metasurface Based on Absorption and Phase Cancellation for Ultra‐Wideband RCS Reduction
Authors: Wu Song , Zhang Yihang , Hu Yangsen , Wang Geng , Liu Zhao , Zhang Jinye , Ji Xiao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a hybrid mechanism based on phase cancellation and absorption to design a metasurface with ultra‐wideband 10 dB radar cross‐section (RCS) reduction from 6 to 64.7 GHz (171%). At high frequencies of 15–64.7 GHz, 10 dB RCS reduction is achieved by a phase cancellation mechanism, which is realized by arranging a perfect electric conductor (PEC) to form an arrayed structure with varying heights. At low frequencies of 6–15 GHz, 10 dB RCS reduction is achieved by the absorption mechanism, which is realized by designing a rotationally symmetric dual‐pattern absorber. The coupled mode theory (CMT) is used to explain the absorption mechanism. Additionally, it is found that a 180° phase difference is obtained by two different patterns to enhance RCS reduction in the high‐frequency band of 28–35 GHz. Finally, the phase cancellation and absorption mechanisms are combined to achieve an ultra‐wideband 10 dB RCS reduction from 6 to 64.7 GHz, which is realized by integrating the absorber into the arrayed structure to form the ultra‐wideband RCS reduction metasurface. The designed metasurface has a compact size (subwavelength), and a thin profile with 0.105λL.
Precise Control of Intracellular Trafficking and Receptor‐Mediated Endocytosis in Living Cells and Behaving Animals
Authors: Chen Shiau‐Chi , Zeng Neng‐Jie , Liu Grace Y. , Wang Hsien‐Chu , Lin Tzu‐Ying , Tai Yi‐Ling , Chen Chiao‐Yun , Fang Yin , Chuang Yi‐Chien , Kao Ching‐Lin , Cheng Hsuan , Wu Bing‐Huang , Sun Pin‐Chiao , Bayansan Odvogmed , Chiu Yu‐Ting , Shih Chi‐Hsuan , Chung Wen‐Hong , Yang Jia‐Bin , Wang Lily Hui‐Ching , Chiang Po‐Han , Chen Chun‐Hao , Wagner Oliver I. , Wang Yi‐Ching , Lin Yu‐Chun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntracellular trafficking, an extremely complex network, dynamically orchestrates nearly all cellular activities. A versatile method that enables the manipulation of target transport pathways with high spatiotemporal accuracy in vitro and in vivo is required to study how this network coordinates its functions. Here, a new method called RIVET (Rapid Immobilization of target Vesicles on Engaged Tracks) is presented. Utilizing inducible dimerization between target vesicles and selective cytoskeletons, RIVET can spatiotemporally halt numerous intracellular trafficking pathways within seconds in a reversible manner. Its highly specific perturbations allow for the real‐time dissection of the dynamic relationships among different trafficking pathways. Moreover, RIVET is capable of inhibiting receptor‐mediated endocytosis. This versatile system can be applied from the cellular level to whole organisms. RIVET opens up new avenues for studying intracellular trafficking under various physiological and pathological conditions and offers potential strategies for treating trafficking‐related disorders.