bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual and Neighborhood Characteristics of Children Seeking Emergency Department Care for Firearm Injuries Within the PECARN Network
Authors: Carter Patrick M. , Cook Lawrence J. , Macy Michelle L. , Zonfrillo Mark R. , Stanley Rachel M. , Chamberlain James M. , Fein Joel A. , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Cunningham Rebecca M. ,   the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN)
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to describe the characteristics of children seeking emergency care for firearm injuries within the PECARN network and assess the influence of both individual and neighborhood factors on firearm‐related injury risk.MethodsThis was a retrospective, multicenter cross‐sectional analysis of children (<19 years old) presenting to 16 pediatric EDs (2004–2008). ICD‐9‐CM E‐codes were used to identify and categorize firearm injuries by mechanism/intent. Neighborhood variables were derived from home address data. Multivariable analysis examined the influence of individual and neighborhood factors on firearm‐related injuries compared to nonfirearm ED visits. Injury recidivism was assessed.ResultsA total of 1,758 pediatric ED visits for firearm‐related injuries were analyzed. Assault (51.4%, n = 904) and unintentional injury (33.2%, n = 584) were the most common injury mechanisms. Among children with firearm injuries, 68.3% were older adolescents (15–19 years old), 82.3% were male, 68.2% were African American, and 76.3% received public insurance/were uninsured. Extremity injuries were most common (75.9%), with 20% sustaining injuries to multiple body regions, 48.1% requiring admission and 1% ED mortality. Multivariable analysis identified firearm injury risk factors, including adolescent age (p < 0.001), male sex (p < 0.001), non‐Caucasian race/ethnicity (p < 0.001), public payer/uninsured status (p < 0.001), and higher levels of neighborhood disadvantage (p < 0.001). Among children with firearm injuries, 12‐month ED recidivism for any reason was 22.4%, with < 1% returning for another firearm injury.ConclusionAmong children receiving ED treatment within the PECARN network, there are distinct demographic and neighborhood factors associated with firearm injuries. Among younger children (<10 years old), unintentional injuries predominate, while assault‐type injuries were most common among older adolescents. Overall, among this PECARN patient population, male adolescents living in neighborhoods characterized by high levels of concentrated disadvantage had an elevated risk for firearm injury. Public health efforts should focus on developing and implementing initiatives addressing risk factors at both the individual and the community level, including ED‐based interventions to reduce the risk for firearm injuries among high‐risk pediatric populations.
Simulation and curriculum design: a global survey in dental education
Authors: Perry S , Burrow MF , Leung WK , Bridges SM 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundCurriculum reforms are being driven by globalization and international standardization. Although new information technologies such as dental haptic virtual reality (VR) simulation systems have provided potential new possibilities for clinical learning in dental curricula, infusion into curricula requires careful planning.MethodsThis study aimed to identify current patterns in the role and integration of simulation in dental degree curricula internationally. An original internet survey was distributed by invitation to clinical curriculum leaders in dental schools in Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania (Australia and New Zealand).ResultsThe results (N = 62) showed Asia, Europe and Oceania tended towards integrated curriculum designs with North America having a higher proportion of traditional curricula. North America had limited implementation of haptic VR simulation technology but reported the highest number of scheduled simulation hours. Australia and New Zealand were the most likely regions to incorporate haptic VR simulation technology.ConclusionsThis survey indicated considerable variation in curriculum structure with regionally‐specific preferences being evident in terms of curriculum structure, teaching philosophies and motivation for incorporation of VR haptic simulation into curricula. This study illustrates the need for an improved evidence base on dental simulations to inform curriculum designs and psychomotor skill learning in dentistry.
Periodontal treatment in private dental practice: a case‐based survey
Authors: Darby I , Barrow S‐Y , Cvetkovic B , Musolino R , Wise S , Yung C , Bailey D 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to assess the management and referral patterns of Victorian general dental practitioners based on periodontal diagnosis.MethodsFollowing ethics approval, Victorian general dental practitioners were invited to complete five randomized text‐based periodontitis scenario questionnaires. Based on their diagnosis, respondents were asked for their management options and asked to specify who would perform these treatments. Respondents were also asked about referral procedures.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐five dentists attempted the survey. Most were in group practice and based in Melbourne. Of the total respondents, 22.5% worked in a practice employing a hygienist. The management of periodontal disease was appropriate, and treatment options increased with severity. As severity increased, patients were more likely to be referred to a periodontist. Periodontal services referred by general dentists to dental hygienists increased with the number of days the hygienists worked within a practice. Over‐ and underdiagnosis did not markedly affect management. The recommendation of antibiotics, mouthwashes and periodontal surgery varied depending on year and school of graduation.ConclusionsThe general dentists that completed the survey are managing periodontal conditions appropriately and according to current guidelines.
Comparative analysis of the merino sheep and Iberian red deer abomasum during prenatal development
Authors: Franco Antonio , Masot Javier , Redondo Eloy 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study is to describe differences in the ontogenesis of the abomasum in sheep (domestic ruminant) and deer (wild ruminant). Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis were carried out on 50 embryos and fetuses of the sheep and 50 red deer from the first prenatal stages until birth. To compare similar periods of gestation in both species, we calculate the percentages of gestation. The appearance of the abomasum was earlier in the red deer (22% gestation) than in the sheep (25% gestation). Throughout development the epithelium happened sequentially, being of the types pseudostratified to simple cylindrical. This important modification was earlier in the red deer than the sheep. At 46% gestation in red deer and 50% in sheep, gastric pits were observed on the surface of abomasal folds. Our studies suggest a close link between the initial formation of these pseudoglandular structures and the clear separation of lamina propria and submucosa separated by de muscularis mucosae. At 54% gestation in red deer and at 60% in sheep, in the bottom of these pits the first outlines of glands were distinguishable. Finally, the presence of neuroendocrine and glial cells were detected in deer at earlier stages than in sheep.
What impact do questionnaire length and monetary incentives have on mailed health psychology survey response?
Authors: Robb Kathryn A. , Gatting Lauren , Wardle Jane 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesResponse rates to health‐related surveys are declining. This study tested two strategies to improve the response rate to a health psychology survey mailed through English general practices: (1) sending a shortened questionnaire and (2) offering a monetary incentive to return a completed questionnaire.DesignRandomized controlled trial.MethodsAdults (n = 4,241) aged 45–59 years, from four General Practices in South‐East England, were mailed a survey on attitudes towards bowel cancer screening. Using a 2 × 4 factorial design, participants were randomized to receive a ‘short’ (four A4 pages) or a ‘long’ (seven A4 pages) questionnaire, and one of four monetary incentives to return a completed questionnaire – (1) no monetary incentive, (2) £2.50 shop voucher, (3) £5.00 shop voucher, and (4) inclusion in a £250 shop voucher prize draw. Age, gender, and area‐level deprivation were obtained from the General Practices.ResultsThe overall response rate was 41% (n = 1,589). Response to the ‘short’ questionnaire (42%) was not significantly different from the ‘long’ questionnaire (40%). The £2.50 incentive (43%) significantly improved response rates in univariate analyses, and remained significant after controlling for age, gender, area‐level deprivation, and questionnaire length. The £5.00 (42%) and £250 prize draw (41%) incentives had no significant impact on response rates compared to no incentive (38%).ConclusionsA small monetary incentive (£2.50) may slightly increase response to a mailed health psychology survey. The length of the questionnaire (four pages vs. seven pages) did not influence response. Although frequently used, entry into a prize draw did not increase response. Achieving representative samples remains a challenge for health psychology.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject

Response rates to mailed questionnaires continue to decline, threatening the representativeness of data.

Prize draw incentives are frequently used but there is little evidence to support their efficacy.

Research on interactions between incentives, questionnaire length, and demographics is lacking.

What does this study add

Contrary to previous findings, questionnaire length did not influence response rate.

A £2.50 incentive increased response, while incentives of £5.00 and a £250 prize draw did not.

Achieving representative samples to questionnaires remains a challenge for health psychology.
Endothelial ErbB4 deficit induces alterations in exploratory behavior and brain energy metabolism in mice
Authors: Wu Gang , Liu Xiu‐Xiu , Lu Nan‐Nan , Liu Qi‐Bing , Tian Yun , Ye Wei‐Feng , Jiang Guo‐Jun , Tao Rong‐Rong , Han Feng , Lu Ying‐Mei 
Published: April 2017

SummaryAimsThe receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4 is present throughout the primate brain and has a distinct functional profile. In this study, we investigate the potential role of endothelial ErbB4 receptor signaling in the brain.ResultsHere, we show that the endothelial cell‐specific deletion of ErbB4 induces decreased exploratory behavior in adult mice. However, the water maze task for spatial memory and the memory reconsolidation test reveal no changes; additionally, we observe no impairment in CaMKII phosphorylation in Cdh5Cre;ErbB4f/f mice, which indicates that the endothelial ErbB4 deficit leads to decreased exploratory activity rather than direct memory deficits. Furthermore, decreased brain metabolism, which was measured using micro‐positron emission tomography, is observed in the Cdh5Cre;ErbB4f/f mice. Consistently, the immunoblot data demonstrate the downregulation of brain Glut1, phospho‐ULK1 (Ser555), and TIGAR in the endothelial ErbB4 conditional knockout mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that endothelial ErbB4 plays a critical role in regulating brain function, at least in part, through maintaining normal brain energy homeostasis.ConclusionsTargeting ErbB4 or the modulation of endothelial ErbB4 signaling may represent a rational pharmacological approach to treat neurological disorders.
Changes in water‐soluble carbohydrates relative to crude protein in perennial ryegrass in response to defoliation frequency
Authors: Loaiza Pablo , Balocchi Oscar , López Ignacio F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe water‐soluble carbohydrate relative to crude protein (WSC:CP) ratio in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) has been postulated as a useful indicator of nitrogen (N) use efficiency in grazing dairy cows. A mini‐sward study was conducted to quantify the effects of defoliation frequency based on leaf stage on the CP fractions and the WSC:CP ratio in perennial ryegrass. Defoliation frequency corresponded to the time taken by ryegrass to develop 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 leaves per tiller. Plant growth dynamics and plant nutritive parameters related to N use efficiency were measured. The results showed that perennial ryegrass plants that were defoliated more frequently had reduced herbage mass accumulation, leaf elongation rate and total lamina length than plants defoliated less frequently in both growth cycles. Extending the defoliation frequency from the one‐ to five‐leaf stage resulted in a decline in WSC content, an increase in CP and buffer soluble CP and a decline in the WSC:CP ratio. Given the defoliation frequencies tested here, we concluded that plants defoliated too frequently have a potential risk of low N efficiency use by grazing animals, due to a low WSC:CP ratio. The best nutritional quality balance occurs when plants were defoliated at the 3.0‐leaf stage during the first growth cycle and at the 2.0‐leaf stage during the second growth cycle.
Spontaneous remission of hepatitis B virus reactivation during direct‐acting antiviral agent‐based therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Sato Ken , Kobayashi Takeshi , Yamazaki Yuichi , Takakusagi Satoshi , Horiguchi Norio , Kakizaki Satoru , Kusano Motoyasu , Yamada Masanobu 
Published: April 2017

The administration of direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been reported to cause hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation. However, the actual conditions of HBV reactivation and the ideal timing of medical intervention have not been fully evaluated. We report the cases of two female patients dually infected with HBV and HCV. Both patients were inactive HBV carriers. Although the serum HCV RNA levels promptly decreased after the initiation of DAA‐based therapy, the serum HBV DNA levels gradually increased during DAA‐based therapy, with the peak serum HBV DNA levels observed at 16 weeks after the initiation of DAA‐based therapy in both cases. Subsequently, we checked the serum HBV DNA levels closely every week several times. Fortunately, the serum HBV DNA levels gradually decreased without medical intervention. Neither case developed an alanine aminotransferase flare‐up. The HCV genotypes were 2a and 1b, and the DAA‐based therapies of Cases 1 and 2 were 12 weeks of sofosbuvir/ribavirin and ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, respectively. The significance of our case reports is the demonstration of the existence of spontaneous remission of HBV reactivation that developed during DAA‐based therapy, the avoidance of intervention of nucleot(s)ide analogs by frequent monitoring of serum HBV DNA levels, and development of HBV reactivation regardless of the viral genotype or class of DAA. In conclusion, the close monitoring of serum HBV DNA levels during and after DAA‐based therapy is essential and medical intervention for HBV reactivation should be carefully considered on an individual basis.
Use of vegetable oils in dermatology: an overview
Authors: Sarkar Rashmi , Podder Indrashis , Gokhale Narendra , Jagadeesan Soumya , Garg Vijay K. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryVegetable oils have been used for a wide variety of purposes since time immemorial; however, their principle use remains as skin moisturizers, especially in neonates and children. Because of their considerable efficacy and a low side effect profile and bearable cost, these oils are hugely popular as moisturizers among the common people in countries such as India. A wide variety of oils have been used, and newer ones are coming up with each passing day. This article focuses on the different types of vegetable oils and their varied uses in dermatology.
Role of CD200 in differential diagnosis of mature B‐cell neoplasm
Authors: Rahman K. , Kumar P. , Gupta R. , Singh M. K. , Nityanand S. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIntroductionCD 200 is a type I immunoglobulin super family membrane glycoprotein, which is expressed in various mature B‐cell neoplasm (MBN). This study aimed at analyzing the expression pattern of CD200 by flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCI) and to evaluate its utility in narrowing down the differential diagnosis of MBN, particularly in low‐grade lymphomas.MethodsA total of 160 samples were evaluated by FCI over a period of 2 years (July 2014–June 2016), by a panel of antibodies including CD200. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD200 in the neoplastic population was noted and compared among several groups of MBN.ResultsAll the 98 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), five being CD23‐negative, expressed CD200 with moderate‐to‐bright intensity (median MFI: 1174). None of the 24 mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cases, two being CD23‐positive, expressed CD200 (median MFI: 10). All six hairy cell leukemia (HCL) cases expressed CD200. CD200 expression in HCL was brightest among all the MBNs, with a median MFI of 5050. Other MBN (n = 32) expressed CD200 in a proportion of cases and with variable intensity, usually dimmer than CLL.ConclusionCD200 has a valid role in differentiating CLL from MCL, especially in the cases with immunophenotypic overlap. HCL has a consistent and brightest expression of CD200. It would be prudent to include CD200 in the primary panel of antibodies for MBN analysis.
LiCaAlN2:Eu3+/Tb3+: Red and green phosphors for LEDs and FEDs with charge transfer transition in n‐UV region
Authors: Wu Quansheng , Ding Jianyan , Li Yanyan , Wang Xicheng , Wang Yuhua 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLiCaAlN2:Eu3+/Tb3+ red/green phosphors were successfully prepared by conventional solid‐state reaction. The photoluminescence (PL) properties and cathodoluminescence (CL) properties of LiCaAlN2:Eu3+/Tb3+ were investigated in detail. The Eu3+ (Tb3+) doped LiCaAlN2 shows red (green) emission peaking at 615 nm (550 nm). Monitored at 615 nm (550 nm), it is interesting to found that LiCaAlN2:Eu3+ (LiCaAlN2:Tb3+) has a broad charge transfer transition in the range of 350‐450 nm (275‐375 nm) peaking at 380 nm (343 nm), which can be efficiently excited by n‐UV light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Under electron beam excitation, LiCaAlN2:Tb3+ exhibited a good resistance to the current saturation. The white LED has also been fabricated with blue, green, and LiCaAlN2:Eu3+ red phosphor. The results indicate that LiCaAlN2:Eu3+/Tb3+ could be conducive to the development of phosphor‐converted LEDs and field emission displays (FEDs).
Sonochemical synthesis of ZnO‐ZnS core‐shell nanorods for enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Cheon Se Young , Yoon Jae‐Sik , Oh Kyung Hee , Jang Kyu Yeon , Seo Jong Hyeok , Park Joon Yong , Choi Sang‐Il , Seo Won Seok , Lee Gaehang , Nam Ki Min 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe ultrasonic‐assisted synthesis method provides a fast, simple, and large‐scale route for synthesizing desired materials under ambient conditions. In this work, we report on the facile preparation of ZnO‐ZnS core‐shell nanorods on a fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. The core‐shell nanorods were synthesized by sequential nanoscale reactions involving the preparation of ZnO nanorods and conversion of the ZnO surface into a ZnS shell on the FTO substrate, using an in situ sonochemical method. The ZnO‐ZnS core‐shell nanorods showed improved photocurrents compared with ZnO nanorods for the water oxidation reaction. During the water oxidation reaction, the ZnS shell passivates the surface‐defects of the ZnO, which results in enhanced charge separation in the ZnO nanorods and higher performance.
Association between the ulcer status and the risk of delayed bleeding after the endoscopic mucosal resection of colon
Authors: Kim Gwang‐Un , Seo Myeongsook , Song Eun Mi , Hwang Sung Wook , Park Sang Hyoung , Yang Dong‐Hoon , Byeon Jeong‐Sik 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground and AimBleeding is the most common adverse event following colonoscopic endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). We aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of a colon EMR according to the post‐EMR ulcer status and determine the risk factors of delayed postpolypectomy bleeding (DPPB) based on the post‐EMR ulcer status.MethodsThe medical records and endoscopic images of patients who underwent EMR of colon polyps with diameters of ≥ 5 mm were retrospectively reviewed by us. If any exposed vessels were observed on the post‐EMR ulcer, the types of exposed vessels were classified into cut and uncut vessels. The coagulation injuries on the post‐EMR ulcer were categorized as grades 1, 2, or 3.ResultsIn total, 505 patients with 728 polyps were examined. Exposed vessels were present in 416 post‐EMR ulcers, including cut vessels in 11 (1.5%) and uncut vessels in 405 (55.6%). With regard to coagulation injury, 113 (15.5%), 443 (60.9%), and 172 (23.6%) post‐EMR ulcers had grades 1, 2, and 3 injuries, respectively. DPPB was observed in 20 lesions (2.7%). Multivariate analysis indicated that a polyp size > 10 mm (odds ratio [OR], 3.354; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.229–9.154), cut vessels (OR, 18.913; 95% CI, 3.106–115.187), and grade 3 coagulation injury (OR, 16.796; 95% CI, 1.825–154.556) were associated with DPPB.ConclusionsCut vessels and severe coagulation injury on post‐EMR ulcers, as well as larger polyp size, are risk factors for DPPB. Careful inspection of post‐EMR ulcers and prophylactic hemostasis, if necessary, may improve the clinical outcomes of colonoscopic EMR.
Efficacy and Safety of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Older Adults with Acute Ischemic Stoke
Authors: Sallustio Fabrizio , Koch Giacomo , Motta Caterina , Diomedi Marina , Alemseged Fana , D'Agostino Vittoria C. , Napolitano Simone , Samà Domenico , Davoli Alessandro , Konda Daniel , Morosetti Daniele , Pampana Enrico , Floris Roberto , Gandini Roberto 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular therapy in elderly adults treated for acute ischemic stroke.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingComprehensive Stroke Center, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.ParticipantsElderly adults treated for acute ischemic stroke (N = 219).MeasurementsParticipants were divided into two groups based on their age (n = 62, ≥80; n = 157, <80). Baseline and procedural characteristics, safety outcomes such as intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and mortality and efficacy outcomes such as successful reperfusion and 3‐month good clinical outcome of the two groups were compared. Mutivariable analysis was performed to identify predictors of clinical outcome.ResultsIntravenous thrombolysis was more frequent (67.7% vs 52.8%, P = .04), and onset to reperfusion time was shorter (318.7 ± 128.7 vs 282 ± 53.5, P = .02) in participants aged 80 and older, but no between‐group differences were found in terms of successful reperfusion (69% vs 63%, P = .4), good clinical outcome (30.6% vs 34.3%, P = .6), any (37% vs 37.5%, P > .99) or symptomatic (11% vs 14%, P = .6) ICH, or mortality (40.3% vs 29.2%, P = .14). Multivariable analysis revealed that, in the older group, onset National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.44–0.96, P = .03) and 24‐hour clinical improvement (OR = 141.13, 95% CI = 2.96–6,720.7, P = .01) were independent predictors of 3‐month functional independence.ConclusionThese findings suggest that endovascular treatment for stroke in selected elderly adults could be safe and effective. Major determinants of outcome in this subgroup of elderly patients are presentation NIHSS score and 24‐hour clinical improvement.