bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participation in medical decision-making across Europe: An international longitudinal multicenter study
Authors: Bär Deucher A. , Hengartner MP , Kawohl W. , Konrad J. , Puschner B. , Clarke E. , Slade M. , Del Vecchio V. , Sampogna G. , Égerházi A. , Süveges Á. , Krogsgaard Bording M. , Munk-Jørgensen P. , Rössler W. ,   and the CEDAR study group
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this paper was to examine national differences in the desire to participate in decision-making of people with severe mental illness in six European countries.MethodsThe data was taken from a European longitudinal observational study (CEDAR; ISRCTN75841675). A sample of 514 patients with severe mental illness from the study centers in Ulm, Germany, London, England, Naples, Italy, Debrecen, Hungary, Aalborg, Denmark and Zurich, Switzerland were assessed as to desire to participate in medical decision-making. Associations between desire for participation in decision-making and center location were analyzed with generalized estimating equations.ResultsWe found large cross-national differences in patients’ desire to participate in decision-making, with the center explaining 47.2% of total variance in the desire for participation (P< 0.001). Averaged over time and independent of patient characteristics, London (mean = 2.27), Ulm (mean = 2.13) and Zurich (mean = 2.14) showed significantly higher scores in desire for participation, followed by Aalborg (mean = 1.97), where scores were in turn significantly higher than in Debrecen (mean = 1.56). The lowest scores were reported in Naples (mean = 1.14). Over time, the desire for participation in decision-making increased significantly in Zurich (b= 0.23) and decreased in Naples (b= −0.14). In all other centers, values remained stable.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that patients’ desire for participation in decision-making varies by location. We suggest that more research attention be focused on identifying specific cultural and social factors in each country to further explain observed differences across Europe.
Cardiovascular risk factors among patients with schizophrenia, bipolar, depressive, anxiety, and personality disorders
Authors: Pérez-Piñar M. , Mathur R. , Foguet Q. , Ayis S. , Robson J. , Ayerbe L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe evidence informing the management of cardiovascular risk in patients with psychiatric disorders is weak.MethodsThis cohort study used data from all patients, aged ≥ 30, registered in 140 primary care practices (n = 524,952) in London to estimate the risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, tobacco consumption, obesity, and physical inactivity, between 2005 and 2015, for patients with a previous diagnosis of schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, bipolar or personality disorder. The role of antidepressants, antipsychotics and social deprivation in these associations was also investigated. The age at detection of cardiovascular risk factor was compared between patients with and without psychiatric disorders. Variables, for exposures and outcomes, defined from general practitioners records, were analysed using multivariate regression.ResultsPatients with psychiatric disorders had an increased risk for cardiovascular risk factors, especially diabetes, with hazard ratios: 2.42 (2.20–2.67) to 1.31 (1.25–1.37), hyperlipidemia, with hazard ratios: 1.78 (1.60–1.97) to 1.25 (1.23–1.28), and obesity. Antidepressants, antipsychotics and social deprivation did not change these associations, except for smoking and physical inactivity. Antidepressants were associated with higher risk of diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Antipsychotics were associated with a higher risk of diabetes. Antidepressants and antipsychotics were associated with lower risk of other risk factors. Patients with psychiatric conditions have later detection of cardiovascular risk factors. The interpretation of these results should acknowledge the lower rates of detection of risk factors in mentally ill patients.ConclusionsCardiovascular risk factors require special clinical attention among patients with psychiatric disorders. Further research could study the effect of antidepressants and antipsychotics on cardiovascular risk factors.
A literature review and summary of capsular contracture: An ongoing challenge to breast surgeons and their patients
Authors: Malahias M. , Jordan D. J. , Hughes L. C. , Hindocha S. , Juma A. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Capsular contracture is a significant difficulty where implants are used in both breast augmentation and breast reconstruction surgery. This report reviews the published literature focusing on factors and techniques that reduce the incidence of this complication, as well as evaluating the available treatment options for patients who have developed a contracture.
A search of the MEDLINE database for clinical studies involving the understanding, diagnosis and management of capsular contracture was performed, with 106 articles deemed relevant for this review. Our search criteria included observational studies as we wish to discuss and highlight the areas of this condition that have been investigated, and unfortunately there is limited clinical evidence in regard to high quality trials in this field.
Risk factors for capsular contracture are multi-factorial, and all surgeons should aim to minimise these as much as possible both intra- and peri-operatively. However, in high risk patients it is not achievable to completely remove these elements. When capsular contracture does develop, there are currently only a limited number of surgical options including capsulotomy, capsulectomy with or without re-implantation, or reconstruction with autologous tissue. These procedures, as well as the original implant surgery, ought to be discussed with patients on an individual basis, taking into account their personal needs and expectations.
The future of this complication may lie in the development of pharmaceutical interventions, and recent studies have shown promising results. Although this field requires more research, the effectiveness of some new pharmaceutical approaches, to provide alternative non-surgical options for patients with capsular contracture, can only aid both patients and the breast surgeon.

Highlights
Huge aneurysmal bone cyst mimicking a kidney tumor: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Termos Salah , Alsaleh Ahmad , Rifaii Haithem , Hammoud-Termos Nijmeh , Aoun Bilal 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is an uncommon osteolytic lesion that occurs in 1.4 per 100,000 patients (Leithner et al. [1]). ABCs are benign tumors with low risk of malignant transformation (osteosarcoma).

Case report:
We report a case of a large ABC of the 4th lumbar vertebra resembling a kidney mass that was presented with flank pain, urinary incontinence and neurological symptoms.

Discussion:
Recurrence rate in ABC is 25% if not completely removed. Aggressive curettage with bone grafting or en bloc resection is usually recommended. Angiography was initially performed, and due to the absence of mass hypervascularity, embolization was not considered and the patient underwent a complete resection in two stages.

Conclusion:
ABC can mimic renal cell carcinoma and other malignant bone tumors. In huge tumors with a difficult location as in our case, we recommend a two stage procedure for huge tumors to ensure a complete resection and hence lower recurrence rate and better outcome.

Highlights:
Joint Motion Quality in Chondromalacia Progression Assessed by Vibroacoustic Signal Analysis
Authors: Bączkowicz Dawid , Majorczyk Edyta 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundBecause of the specific biomechanical environment of the patellofemoral joint, chondral disorders, including chondromalacia, often are observed in this articulation. Chondromalacia via pathologic changes in cartilage may lead to qualitative impairment of knee joint motion.ObjectiveTo determine the patellofemoral joint motion quality in particular chondromalacia stages and to compare with controls.DesignRetrospective, comparative study.SettingVoivodship hospitals, university biomechanical laboratory.PatientsA total of 89 knees with chondromalacia (25 with stage I; 30 with stage II and 34 with stage III) from 50 patients and 64 control healthy knees (from 32 individuals).MethodsVibroacoustic signal pattern analysis of joint motion quality.Main Outcome MeasurementsFor all knees vibroacoustic signals were recorded. Each obtained signal was described by variation of mean square, mean range (R4), and power spectral density for frequency of 50‐250 Hz (P1) and 250‐450 Hz (P2) parameters.ResultsDifferences between healthy controls and all chondromalacic knees as well as chondromalacia patellae groups were observed as an increase of analyzed parameters (P < .001) with only one exception. No statistically significant difference between control group and stage I of chondromalacia patellae was found. All chondromalacia groups were differentiated by the use of all analyzed parameters (P < .01), whose values correspond to the progress of chondromalacia.ConclusionsChondromalacia generates abnormal vibroacoustic signals, and there seems to be a relationship between the level of signal amplitude as well as frequency and cartilage destruction from the superficial layer to the subchondral bone.Level of EvidenceIV
The Effect of Distractive Function on Volitional Preemptive Abdominal Contraction During a Loaded Forward Reach in Normal Subjects
Authors: Kublawi Marwan A. , Hooper Troy L. , Nagar Vittal R. , Wilhelm Mark P. , Browne Kevin L. , Brismée Jean‐Michel , Sizer Phillip S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundVolitional preemptive abdominal contraction (VPAC) is used to protect the spine and prevent injury. No published studies to data have examined the effect of distraction on VPAC use during function.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of an auditory distraction (“Stroop task”) on healthy subjects' ability to sustain VPAC by use of the abdominal drawing‐in maneuver during loaded forward reach.DesignWithin‐subjects, repeated‐measure cohort design.SettingClinical laboratory setting.ParticipantsConvenience sample of 42 healthy individuals (ages 20‐57 years).MethodsTransversus abdominis (TrA) thickness was measured with M‐mode ultrasound imaging. Each subject performed Stroop versus no Stroop during 4 conditions: (1) without VPAC, quiet standing; (2) with VPAC, quiet standing; (3) without VPAC, forward reach; and (4) with VPAC, forward reach. An investigator blinded to the conditions measured the first 10 subjects to establish intratester reliability of probe/transducer placement and TrA measurement.Data ReductionTrA thickness (mm) change represented VPAC performance. A single investigator measured onscreen TrA thickness twice at each second from second‐6 through ‐10 on a recorded ultrasound imaging sequence.ResultsA 2 (Stroop) × 4 (Activity) repeated‐measures analysis of variance found no significant Stroop × Activity interaction [F(3, 93) = 0.345, P = .793] and no main effect for Stroop [F (1,31) = 1.324, P = .259] but found a significant main effect for activity [F (3,93) = 17.729, P < .001]. Tukey post‐hoc pairwise comparisons demonstrated significant differences between VPAC versus no‐VPAC conditions, except between quiet standing/yes‐VPAC and loaded forward reach/no‐VPAC conditions (P = .051). The interclass correlation coefficient (3,2) for probe/transducer placement reliability was 0.87, 0.91, 0.92, and 0.93 for conditions 1‐4, respectively. The interclass correlation coefficient (3,2) for TrA measurement reliability was 0.96, 0.99, 0.99, and 0.99 for conditions 1‐4, respectively.ConclusionA distracting executive function (Stroop task) did not produce a significant negative impact on normal individuals' ability to sustain a VPAC during quiet standing or loaded forward reach activities.Level of EvidenceII
Procedural reform at the Arctic Council: the amended 2015 Observer Manual
Authors: Knecht Sebastian 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis note studies the addendum to the Arctic Council (AC)'s 2013 Observer Manual adopted at the Senior Arctic Officials’ (SAO) meeting in Anchorage, Alaska, in October 2015. The amendment means another essential step to systematise further and improve the council's working relations with currently 32 entities that hold observer status in the forum. Compared to the initial manual that sketched out the role observers should play in the council's subsidiary bodies, the latest revisions delineate a framework for enhancing observer participation and commitment in working group, task force and expert group meetings. After reviewing the content and practical implications of the addendum in the context of larger reform efforts to adapt the council to the age of a global(ising) Arctic, the article further discusses a number of signals the Anchorage decision sends to observers. These comprise the council's willingness and ability to quick, unified and purposeful action towards institutional adaptation and procedural reform as considered necessary to address organisational deficiencies, strengthened top-down steering of the reform processes by SAOs as related to the work conducted in subsidiary bodies and the overall functioning of the council, and higher expectations on observers to contribute to the AC system and deliver on the new provisions.
Doctrine in a radically apophatic register
Authors: Ticciati Susannah 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article develops an account of doctrine that seeks to reconceive the nature of doctrinal reference within the context of human transformation. It sets out from Augustine's advice to the preacher of the doctrine of predestination, discovering three layers of doctrinal interpretation, rooted in and geared towards transformation. Augustine's advice is applied generally to suggest that the role of doctrine is to ward off general classification in respect of God, making way for redemptive encounter with God. These insights generate a new perspective on the question of doctrinal reference that rules out both straightforward reference to God and straightforward denial of such reference. The article concludes by suggesting that one way through the resultant linguistic minefield would be to speak of ‘hyper-reference’ to God, with the intention of evoking the ‘more than’ of God.
A tradition in crisis: understanding and repairing division over homosexuality in the Church of Scotland
Authors: Fraser Liam J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLike many Western churches, the Church of Scotland has been divided in recent years over the ordination of gay clergy in committed relationships, and, more generally, over the status of homosexuality for Christian ethics. Yet there has been no academic research undertaken which situates the debate within the wider context of Scottish theology. This failure has resulted in theological and ecclesial impasse, which this paper seeks to remedy through a diagnostic analysis of division over homosexuality, drawing upon the analytic tools developed by R. G. Collingwood. While this article has as its focus the Church of Scotland, its method and conclusions will be relevant to other Protestant denominations, especially Reformed churches such as the Presbyterian Church (USA).
Trinity, incarnation and time: a restatement of the doctrine of God in conversation with Robert Jenson
Authors: Schlesinger Eugene R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article engages Robert W. Jenson on the question of the relation between the immanent Trinity and the person Jesus of Nazareth and proposes a restatement of the doctrine of God that takes into account his concerns. I note that many of the criticisms levelled against Jenson are contradictory and offer instead a rearticulation of Thomas Aquinas's doctrine of God, refracted through the theology of Hans Urs von Balthasar, as a more viable mode of engaging Jenson's ideas. In particular, I suggest ananalogia temporalisrooted in the divine processions to account for the relationship between time and eternity, thereby showing how Thomas's theology can both accommodate and benefit from many of Jenson's insights, while also avoiding the more serious charges levelled against him.
Local Politics, Local Citizenship? Socialized Governance in Contemporary China
Authors: Woodman Sophia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe demise of collective units that attach citizens to the state in China has been overstated; the hegemonic form of Chinese citizenship today links participation and welfare entitlement to membership in a collective unit in a specific locality. This article presents an ethnographic account of the operation of this “normal” form of local citizenship in resident and villager committees in Tianjin. These committees combine participatory and welfare dimensions of citizenship in one institutional setting. Here, citizens are bound to the state through a face-to-face politics that acts both as a mechanism of control and a channel for claims-making, a mode of rule I term “socialized governance,” which blurs the boundaries between political compliance and social conformity, and makes social norms a strong force in the citizenship order. While variably achieved in practice, this form of citizenship represents an ideal that shapes conditions for politics and perceptions of inequality.
Competence visualisation: Making sense of data from 21st-century technologies in language learning
Authors: Bull Susan , Wasson Barbara 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper introduces an open learner model approach to learning analytics to combine the variety of data available from the range of applications and technologies in language learning, for visualisation of language learning competences to learners and teachers in the European language context. Specific examples are provided as illustrations (Facebook, Second Life and mobile assisted language learning (MALL)), though the approach is a general one. We describe the Next-TELL open learner model as an exemplar that can encompass a range of data from a variety of technologies and activities, and as a competence-focussed visual analytics tool that can be readily used inside and outside the classroom.The Next-TELL open learner model offers several visualisations for learners and teachers to explore the learner’s current competences, which can be selected according to user preferences or the purpose of viewing the learning data. The selection of visualisations means that the open learner model is appropriate for school, university and other learning contexts. Viewing this data can help students to reflect on and monitor their learning, and can support teachers’ decision-making during classroom activities or later, in their planning of subsequent sessions. As an example, we outline the use of the Next-TELL open learner model in a school in Norway.
The use of online annotations in reading instruction and its impact on students’ reading progress and processes
Authors: Yeh Hui-Chin , Hung Hsiu-Ting , Chiang Yu-Hsin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStudies suggest that the incorporation of online annotations in reading instruction can improve students’ reading comprehension. However, little research has addressed how students use online annotations in their reading processes and how such use may lead to their improvement. This study thus adopted Reciprocal Teaching (RT) as an instructional framework to support students’ reading comprehension progress and processes, facilitated by the use of online annotations. A total of 54 English language learners at a university were recruited to read with online annotations based on the RT procedure, namely predicting, clarifying, questioning, and summarizing. The data collected included the students’ scores on pre- and post-tests and their participation records in a collaborative learning environment. The results reveal that the students enhanced their reading comprehension after the intervention. Their reading processes were also analyzed, and the major differences between the groups making more and less progress were identified. Those who made more progress not only frequently reviewed their previously generated predictions, clarifications, questions, and summaries but also actively provided feedback to their peers in a reciprocal manner. Pedagogical implications and recommendations are discussed.
Industrial coal consumption in early modern London
Authors: CAVERT WILLIAM M. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe importance of energy, in particular coal, is the subject of ongoing debate amongst economic historians who examine its relationship to the timing and nature of British industrialization. Yet attention to the case of London during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries shows that heavy coal consumption did not require industrial production, nor was heavy industrial coal demand dependent on steam engines. Rather, through the first sustained attempt to quantify industry's proportion of London's demand for mined coal, this article argues that the early modern world's leading coal market was driven primarily by domestic rather than industrial consumption, but that many industrial facilities nevertheless consumed fuel on scales often associated with later industrialization.
Correlating the morphological features of tetralogy of Fallot and the Eisenmenger malformation
Authors: Restivo Angelo , Anderson Robert H. , Carletti Raffaella , di Gioia Cira R. T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe studied a series of 43 autopsied cases of tetralogy of Fallot, assessing the mode of insertion of the outlet septum relative to the limbs of the septomarginal trabeculation, and compared the findings in retrospective fashion with our previous observations of a group of hearts with the so-called Eisenmenger malformation. In the majority of hearts with tetralogy of Fallot, the outlet septum inserted frontally relative to the septomarginal trabeculation, but in a minority of cases the outlet septum inserted in lateral fashion, as had been observed in all our hearts studied with the Eisenmenger malformation. The different modes of insertion were found to correlate, first, with the axis of anatomical aortic rightward rotation, coincident with the commissure between the right coronary and the left coronary leaflets of the aortic valve. The different modes of insertion of the outlet septum also correlated with the level of attachment of the arterial valvar leaflets on its subpulmonary and subaortic surfaces; concomitantly, correlation was found between the length of the subpulmonary infundibulum and the length of the muscular outlet septum itself. In the majority of hearts showing tetralogy of Fallot, the elongated infundibulum was also uniformly narrow, but in a minority the infundibulum was well expanded, obstructed only at its mouth, but widening at the valvar level. In all the hearts with the Eisenmenger malformation, in contrast, the unobstructed infundibulum was well expanded. The morphological findings of the present study show unequivocally that tetralogy of Fallot and Eisenmenger malformation are two phenotypically different congenital cardiac anomalies.