bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict severe influenza
Authors: Zhao Mingzhen , Zhang Bo , Yan Mingjun , Zhao Zhiwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza is an acute respiratory disease posing significant harm to human health. Early prediction and intervention in patients at risk of developing severe influenza can significantly decrease mortality.MethodA comprehensive analysis of 146 patients with influenza was conducted using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We assessed the relationship between severe influenza and patients' clinical information and molecular characteristics. First, the variables of differentially expressed genes were selected using R software. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate the association between clinical information and molecular characteristics and severe influenza. A nomogram was developed to predict the presence of severe influenza. At the same time, the concordance index (C‐index) is adopted area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), area under the curve (AUC), decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curve to evaluate the predictive ability of the model and its clinical application.ResultsSevere influenza was identified in 47 of 146 patients (32.20%) and was significantly related to age and duration of illness. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated significant correlations between severe influenza and myloperoxidase (MPO) level, haptoglobin (HP) level, and duration of illness. A nomogram was formulated based on MPO level, HP level, and duration of illness. This model produced a C‐index of 0.904 and AUC of 0.904.ConclusionsA nomogram based on the expression levels of MPO, HP, and duration of illness is an efficient model for the early identification of patients with severe influenza. These results will be useful in guiding prevention and treatment for severe influenza disease.
The impact of cryptocurrency heists on Bitcoin's market efficiency
Authors: Li Mingnan , Manahov Viktor , Ashton John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWithin the adaptive market hypothesis (AMH) framework, this study explores the dynamic impact of cryptocurrency heists on Bitcoin's market efficiency. By analysing Bitcoin's one‐minute price data, we calculate permutation entropy to assess market disorder and employ the complexity‐entropy causality plane to quantify structural changes in the market. The analysis focuses on the market efficiency changes the day before, the day of, and the day after a heist, revealing that heists significantly disrupt market efficiency. Specifically, on the day of and following a heist, we observe a marked decrease in permutation entropy alongside a significant increase in complexity, indicating a notable decline in market efficiency. Further analysis shows that when a heist targets a specific token, this token draws investor attention, causing a less severe drop in Bitcoin's market efficiency, while the affected token's market efficiency drops more dramatically. These findings suggest that different token markets react differently to heists, and investors should consider adjusting their strategies to respond to these changes. For policymakers, the results highlight the critical need to enhance market stability and security through informed policy measures to mitigate the impact of such disruptive events.
Evaluating the impact of pharmacist counseling on patient satisfaction and willingness to pay: A study in the Pakistan health care context
Authors: Mustafa Asma Ghulam , Aslam Adeel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐centered pharmacist counseling enhances health care experiences by fostering understanding and trust. This study aimed to understand patient satisfaction levels and their propensity to pay for pharmacist counseling services.MethodsThis study is a cross‐sectional survey that was carried out in Lahore, Pakistan. The study was conducted from May to July 2023, utilizing the Patient Satisfaction Feedback (PSF) questionnaire as the primary tool for data collection in various community pharmacies. The data was collated from 300 completed surveys and subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques in IBM SPSS software (Version 22). The analysis provided valuable insights into the influence of counseling services on patients' viewpoints.ResultsIn the study, a diverse sample of patients demonstrated a notably positive reception of pharmacist counseling. The majority of the respondents had a positive response towards easy access to this service, with 76.7% reporting no difficulty. Furthermore, 49.7% expressed complete satisfaction in obtaining the knowledge they required, while 43.3% indicated they received this knowledge to some extent. Prominent values were observed, including 57.3% expressing high satisfaction levels, and 71.3% demonstrating readiness to pay for it. Notably, gender‐related differences were observed, with females displaying particularly strong positive attitudes towards counseling services.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study revealed significant patient satisfaction with pharmacist counseling services, with over half of the participants expressing contentment. Moreover, despite the country's lower health care spending, a substantial portion of patients expressed a willingness to pay for this service, highlighting the potential for establishing pharmaceutical care services with a distinctive role within Pakistan's health care sector.
Hydride and halide abstraction reactions behind the enhanced basicity of Be and Mg clusters with nitrogen bases
Authors: Yáñez Manuel , Mó Otilia , Montero‐Campillo M. Merced , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the protonation effects on the structure, relative stability and basicity of complexes formed by the interaction of monomers and dimers of BeX2 and MgX2 (X = H, F) with NH3, CH2NH, HCN, and NC5H5 bases. Calculations were performed using the M06‐2X/aug‐cc‐pVTZ formalism, along with QTAIM, ELF and NCI methods for electron density analysis and MBIE and LMO‐EDA energy decomposition analyses for interaction enthalpies. The protonation of the MH2– and M2H4–Base complexes occurs at the negatively charged hydrogen atoms of the MH2 and M2H4 moieties through typical hydride abstraction reactions, while protonation at the N atom of the base is systematically less exothermic. The preference for the hydride transfer mechanism is directly associated with the significant exothermicity of H2 formation through the interaction between H− and H+, and the high hydride donor ability of these complexes. The basicity of both, MH2 and M2H4 compounds increases enormously upon association with the corresponding bases, with the increase exceeding 40 orders of magnitude in terms of ionization constants. Due to the smaller exothermicity of HF formation, the basicity of fluorides is lower than that of hydrides. In Be complexes, the protonation at the N atom of the base dominates over the fluoride abstraction mechanism. However, for the Mg complexes the fluoride abstraction mechanism is energetically the most favorable process, reflecting the greater facility of Mg complexes to lose F−.
A New Route for the Synthesis of (Trichloromethyl)Quinazoline‐4(1H)‐One and (1,2,3‐Triazole)‐Quinazoline‐4(1H)‐One Functionalized Derivatives via Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Nematpour Manijeh 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of functionalized (trichloromethyl)quinazoline‐4(1H)‐one with high yields through a novel three‐component intramolecular CH activation reaction from trichloroacetonitrile, benzoyl chlorides, and various primary amines is a remarkable achievement in organic chemistry. This strategy offers a direct and efficient route to access complex molecular structures from readily available starting materials. The use of copper (I) as a catalyst and L‐proline as a ligand in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature highlights the importance of transition metal catalysis in enabling selective CH activation processes. Furthermore, the subsequent transformation of the obtained product with phenylacetylene and sodium azide in the presence of a copper catalyst in water solvent at room temperature demonstrates the versatility of this synthetic approach in accessing new (1,2,3‐triazole)‐quinazoline‐4(1H)‐one derivative. The combination of available starting materials, catalytic systems, mild reaction conditions, and ease of purification procedures contributes to the attractiveness of this method for the synthesis of diverse (trichloromethyl)quinazoline‐4(1H)‐one and (1,2,3‐triazole)‐quinazoline‐4(1H)‐one derivative.
Improving drought monitoring using climate models with bias‐corrected under Gaussian mixture probability models
Authors: Naz Rubina , Ali Zulfiqar , Kartal Veysi , Alshahrani Mohammed A. , Hilali Shreefa O. , Al Samman Fathia Moh. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlobal climate models (GCMs) are extensively used to calculate standardized drought indices. However, inaccuracies in GCM simulations and uncertainties inherent in the standardization methodology limit the precision of drought evaluations. The objective of this research is to remove bias in GCMs for improving drought monitoring and assessment. Consequently, this article proposes a new framework for drought index under the ensemble of GCMs—Multi‐Model Quantile Mapped Standardized Precipitation Index (MMQMSPI). In accordance of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the second stage derives a new index by assessing the feasibility of parametric and nonparametric models during standardization. In the application, we used 18 GCMs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) data of precipitation across 32 grid points within the Tibetan Plateau region. The comparative findings reveal that the integration of KCGMD is the most suitable choice compared to other best‐fitted univariate distributions in both features of the proposed framework. In this research, we assess the implications of evaluating future patterns of drought for the years 2015–2100 using seven different time periods and three different future scenarios. Temporal behavior clearly shows monthly variations in the pattern of MMQMSPI, and these variations differ on each time scale, but a drastic change can be seen over the long term, i.e., extreme dry and wet conditions, with a higher probability in all scenarios.
Purification, Source Exploration, and Bioactivity Evaluation of Oligosaccharides in Sijunzi Decoction
Authors: Chen Xiaonan , Pu Zongjin , Liu Yixin , Dong Bangjian , Li Xiaobo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSijunzi decoction (SJZD) has been widely used to treat splenic deficiency syndrome. Previous studies confirmed that polysaccharides and non‐polysaccharides (NPS) are the main active components of SJZD. This study aimed to investigate the composition and activity of oligosaccharides in NPS. In this study, the oligosaccharide component (named SJZD‐OGS), consisting of several different oligosaccharides, was separated and purified from non‐polysaccharides of SJZD (SJZD_NPS). Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–IMS–QTOF/MS), matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS), and high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC‐PAD) were used to analyze SJZD‐OGS. SJZD‐OGS, with a molecular weight of 2178 Da, was composed of glucose and fructose, and its chemical composition mainly included fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS) with a degree of polymerization of 3–14 (DP 3–14). The results of oligosaccharide source exploration demonstrated that the chemical composition of SJZD‐OGS was different from that of the oligosaccharides of each herb in SJZD. In addition, SJZD‐OGS showed good anti‐inflammatory activity on macrophage cells and intestinal epithelial cell protective activity. The present work provides experimental evidence for elucidating the pharmaceutical components of SJZD and presents an effective strategy for the research of oligosaccharides in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
Secondary Contouring for the Butterfly Graft: Improving Form and Preserving Function
Authors: Varman Rahul , Miller Jonas , Clark J. Madison 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThe butterfly graft (BFG) secondary contouring procedure addresses external nasal irregularities following the primary BFG surgery. We explore demographic factors associated with the desire for secondary contouring and assess patient‐reported outcomes following the procedure.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 374 patients undergoing BFG between April 2020 and April 2023 identified 10 individuals electing for secondary contouring. Demographics, Nasal Obstruction Symptoms Evaluation (NOSE) scores, Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI), and decision regret scale (DRS) were collected and reported.ResultsSecondary contouring rate was 2.7% of total cases. The majority of patients desiring BFG secondary contouring were white females (90%). NOSE scores significantly improved post‐primary surgery (mean change: 51.7, SD: 14.01, p‐value: <0.05). Although overall NOSE scores remained improved after secondary contouring (mean change: 47.2, SD: 18.84, p‐value: <0.05) compared with their preoperative NOSE scores, one patient (10%) reported worse score after secondary contouring. Four patients (40%) reported worsening after secondary contouring compared with after initial BFG surgery. DRS indicated minimal regret from patients.ConclusionBFG secondary contouring is a valuable option for patients with external nasal complaints, providing improvements in nasal appearance and durable improvement in breathing outcomes. We emphasize the importance of patient counseling and appropriate patient selection. Our results suggest that patients should expect a slight worsening of NOSE scores following secondary contouring, but that significant worsening is a low risk.Level of Evidence4: Case series Laryngoscope, 135:1066–1071, 2025
Textile Muscle Fibers Made by and for Continuous Production Using Doped Conducting Polymers
Authors: Huniade Claude , Martinez Jose G. , Mehraeen Shayan , Jager Edwin W. H. , Bashir Tariq , Persson Nils‐Krister 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLike skeletal muscles having a fibrous structure, conducting polymers can actuate upon electrical stimulation and can be shaped into fibers. Through textile assembly strategies of such fibers, complex actuating architectures are possible. However, state‐of‐the‐art strategies using short pieces of yarn, which compel manual integration, are not fully taking advantage of textiles. To manufacture actuating textiles that best exploit textile properties like softness and pliability, and to enable production upscaling, a production of continuous, actuating fibers is presented here. These fibers are produced from commercial polyamide 6/6 filaments by first continuously dip‐coating in a modified commercial poly(3,4−ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) dispersion before the electropolymerization of polypyrrole (PPy), where the fibers are withdrawn continuously through an electrolyte solution containing the pyrrole monomer. By employing a cyclic dip‐coating with individual viscosity, drying temperature, and withdrawal speed for each layer, and by adjusting the tension, speed, and applied potential of the electropolymerization, their isotonic strain is enhanced threefold. Their specific tension, at 400 µN tex−1, reaches slightly higher than human skeletal muscle fibers. Furthermore, these continuous actuating fibers produced on the meter are processable in an industrial knitting machine. This study anchors the development of textile muscle fibers for future textile muscles.
Dunkl convolution and elliptic regularity for Dunkl operators
Authors: Brennecken Dominik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe discuss in which cases the Dunkl convolution of distributions , possibly both with non‐compact support, can be defined and study its analytic properties. We prove results on the (singular‐)support of Dunkl convolutions. Based on this, we are able to prove a theorem on elliptic regularity for a certain class of Dunkl operators, called elliptic Dunkl operators. Finally, for the root system we consider the Riesz distributions and prove that their Dunkl convolution exists and that holds.
On the real spectrum of differential operators with PT‐symmetric periodic matrix coefficients
Authors: Veliev Oktay A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study the spectrum of the operator generated by the differential expression of order with the Parity‐Time (PT)‐symmetric periodic matrix coefficients. The case when and are the odd numbers was investigated in [18]. In this paper, we consider the all remained cases: (a) is an odd number and is an even number, (b) is an even number and is an arbitrary positive integer. We find conditions on the coefficients under which in the cases (a) and (b) the spectrum of contains the sets and respectively for some .
Zinc Phthalocyanine Core‐First Star Polymers Through Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization and Nitroxide Exchange Reaction
Authors: Ahmetali Erem , Kocaarslan Azra , Bräse Stefan , Théato Patrick , Kasım Şener M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) and nitroxide exchange reaction (NER) are very efficient methodologies that require only suitable alkoxyamine derivatives and create different polymeric architectures in a controlled manner. Herein, the synthesis of star polymers containing TEMPO‐substituted symmetric zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) is presented via NMP and NER. Moreover, linear polymer formation is conducted in a single arm on TEMPO‐substituted asymmetric ZnPc to elucidate the properties of star polymers. All linear and star polymers are characterized by FT‐IR, UV–vis, fluorescence, GPC, NMR, and EPR techniques. The results show that the proposed reactions are capable of forming controlled star‐shaped polymers. The increasing arm number (from a single to four arms) results in variable dispersity values (Đ) (1.2–3) due to different arm lengths, especially in NMP. However, this difficulty has been overcome via NER, and star polymers have been successfully synthesized with relatively low molecular weight (30 K > 10 K) and low dispersity (1.2–1.9). The results clearly indicate that while styrene and 4‐vinyl benzyl chloride monomers are introduced to the structure equally, star polymers with phthalocyanine can be synthesized in a controlled manner, and their quarternized derivatives have the potential to be effective as photoactive agents in photodynamic therapy.
Anatomical validation of needle placement for cervical paraspinal mapping of the multifidus
Authors: Malave Brian , Johnson Steven , Haig Andrew J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe paraspinal muscles are an important component of electrodiagnostic testing for radiculopathy. In the cervical region, a protocol for cervical paraspinal mapping assumes accurate placement of the electromyography (EMG) needle into the cervical multifidus. However, there is scant information regarding the accuracy of needle placement in that muscle. This study examines the accuracy of this protocol in sampling the intended multifidus muscle of cadavers.MethodsAn experienced electromyographer directed needles to multifidus at C5, C7, and T2 spinous processes of 19 embalmed cadavers, and injected color dyes. Separately another examiner dissected the cadavers, noting whether the dye was in the correct location and whether its trajectory approached any “danger zones” of nerve, artery, or joint.ResultsThe dye was in the multifidus muscle 100% of the time and hit the intended bony target in 79%, 73%, and 79% of C5, C7, and T2 insertions. No insertion was found in a danger zone.DiscussionThe results indicate modest accuracy for EMG needle placement as proposed in the clinical protocol. Clinical utility of this method requires more work including the establishment of norms, sensitivities, specificities, and clinical impact.
LQG control for networked control systems with packet dropouts and input delay: UDP case
Authors: Liu Xincheng , Zhang Ancai , Liang Xiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the linear quadratic Gaussian problem for networked control systems (NCSs) with input delay and unknown packet dropouts. In NCSs, packet dropouts occur in both the control‐actuator channel and the sensor‐estimator channel. Meanwhile, the input delay happens in the control‐actuator channel. It is noted that there is no acknowledgment of successful delivery of control packets, that is, the user datagram protocol case. Therefore, the famous separation principle fails. The contributions of this article are two‐folds: first, based on the intermittent standard observations, an approximate estimation Kalman filter algorithm is proposed to estimate the state. Second, in virtue of the obtained estimator and dynamic programming method, an explicit expression of the optimal controller is given the delayed backward and forward difference equations.
Treatment of pediatric refractory or relapsed Epstein–Barr virus‐associated hemophagocytic syndrome with PD‐1 inhibitors
Authors: Guo Shu‐Yi , Wang Jian , Fang Jian‐Pei , Lei Jia‐Ying , Wu Xiao‐Qin , Qiu Kun‐Yin , Zhou Dun‐Hua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeEpstein–Barr virus‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV‐HLH) is a type of pediatric HLH that occurs frequently in Asia. Although immunochemotherapy based on etoposide and hormone has improved survival rates, there are still about 30% of HLH patients that do not respond. The objective of the article is to examine the efficacy and safety of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) inhibitors for children with relapsed/refractory (r/r) EBV‐HLH.MethodsA retrospective case note review of four pediatric patients with r/r EBV‐HLH who were treated with PD‐1 inhibitors at Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University.ResultsAll four patients responded to PD‐1 inhibitors and achieved partial response after their first infusion. Plasma EBV DNA copy number and HLH‐related monitoring indicators decreased in all of these patients. All patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT), and two were still alive at the last follow‐up on December 30, 2022. Two patients died because of transplantation‐related complications. Serious side effects included increased liver enzymes and edema in two patients.ConclusionPD‐1 inhibitors are an effective salvage therapy and can provide a bridge to allo‐HSCT for pediatric patients with r/r EBV‐HLH. However, side effects should be monitered.