bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yara Yaşı ve Canlılık Değerlendirmesinde Güncel Yaklaşım
Authors: Pakiş Işıl 
Published: December 2016

Research on vitality and wound age estimation are the classic fields in forensic medicine. Vitality as one of the basic issues in forensic practice deals with the question, whether injuries were caused during lifetime of an individual. It plays a role in connection with traumatic deaths due to sharp and blunt force injuries, burns or drowning. In relation to the vitality of wounds it must be asserted that an injury of the body was caused during lifetime. In spite of large literature data there is still considerable demand of further research and practical transfer of knowledge and techniques to daily casework. The study aims to classify current methods and materials used in evaluation of wound age and viability and determine their practical application in forensic medicine.
PREVENTION OF ACUTE EXACERBATIONS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Avdeev S. N. 
Published: December 2016

Acute exacerbation is a typical event in the natural course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is one of the most frequent causes for seeking the emergency aid by patients. Frequent AECOPD could deteriorate lung function and gaz exchange, cause more rapid progression of the disease and significant worsening of the patient's quality of life for long time (up to several weeks). AECOPD is associated with severe economic burden. Current therapeutic approaches can greatly reduce the risk of AECOPD. Effect of the basic therapy on exacerbation rate are related to such factors as the exacerbation cause (infection, spontaneous deterioration of inflammation, bronchoconstriction, etc.), severity of the disease (usually, therapy can decrease the risk of exacerbation in more severe patients), COPD phenotype, etc. Results of clinical trials aimed at the reduction of exacerbation rate are also related to many of factors such as patients' population involved in the study, the previous rate of exacerbations, the study length, etc. Currently, no one therapeutic approach can completely eliminate the risk of exacerbations. The efficacy of different therapeutic methods in preventing AECOPD is 15% to 50%. Methods for preventing AECOPD can be divided to pharmacological and non-pharmacological ones. There is a need to search for target pharmacological approaches for preventing AECOPD including currently available drugs.
Использование функционально-стоимостного анализа в качестве инструмента по увеличению эффективности деятельности подразделений в сфере услуг
Authors: Гурьев Дмитрий Константинович 
Published: December 2016

Метод функционально-стоимостного анализа является одним из эффективных и универсальных инструментов увеличения КПД предприятия. В данной статье рассмотрен вопрос его расширенного применения в условиях деятельности предприятий сферы услуг. Материал структурирован таким образом, чтобы его можно было применять в качестве пошаговой инструкции. Наглядно продемонстрирован пример из практики коммерческого банка.
Currículo e conhecimento escolar na perspectiva da educação integral
Authors: Galian Cláudia Valentina Assumpção 
Published: December 2016

<p>Este artigo relaciona os conceitos de currículo e conhecimento escolar, conferindo centralidade ao trabalho da escola e do professor no processo de recontextualização que constitui o discurso pedagógico. Assumindo uma perspectiva de currículo em processo, procura ressaltar o significado de mudanças curriculares – tais como as que se relacionam à extensão do tempo de permanência de professores e estudantes nas escolas – para a formação escolar das novas gerações. Ressalta-se, nesse sentido, a compreensão da escola como espaço de ampliação das possibilidades de compreensão do mundo, em bases distintas das que estão disponíveis em outros espaços de socialização, e a centralidade do projeto pedagógico das escolas como eixo para a busca por ampliação do currículo, numa perspectiva de educação integral.</p><p> </p>
“O problema não é o método de alfabetização, é alfabetizar sem método” – Entrevista com Magda Soares
Authors: Cenpec Cadernos 
Published: December 2016

<p>Magda Becker Soares é uma das maiores autoridades no Brasil na área de alfabetização e letramento. Professora titular emérita aposentada da Faculdade de Educação (FAE) da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Magda tem diversos livros publicados, sendo referência obrigatória para docentes e pesquisadores que trabalham com o tema do ensino e aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita. Em uma conversa descontraída, Magda aborda as motivações para a produção do livro, seu processo de escrita e pesquisa, suas experiências como consultora da rede municipal de educação do município de Lagoa Santa (MG), em que atua na formação de professores, sua visão sobre temas polêmicos relacionados à alfabetização e à história da alfabetização no Brasil, além de compartilhar um pouco de sua história de vida. </p>
STUDI KRITIS KONSEP SANAD KITAB NAHJ AL-BALAGHAH SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMBANGUN BUDAYA TABAYYUN DALAM KEILMUAN ISLAM
Authors: Bashori Agus Hasan 
Published: December 2016

<p><em>Tabayyun</em> or <em>tatsabbut</em> or <em>tahaqquq</em> (verification) and <em>taakkud</em> (confirmation) of the news are important in order to prevent doing something wrong, injustice and regret. While in science and religion, <em>tatsabbut</em> is more important because the consequences could be dangerous. Therefore, Muslims as <em>ummatan</em> <em>wasatan</em> have been given by God the privilege to be the people that their religion and science has <em>san</em><em>a</em><em>d</em>. At the time of the salaf, <em>tatsabbut</em> with <em>san</em><em>a</em><em>d</em> was common through talaqqi and historical verification. In order to revive the culture of this <em>tat</em><em>s</em><em>abbut</em>, the researcher see the important of doing critical study on the <em>san</em><em>a</em><em>d</em> concept in a famous and wide spread of <em>Nahj al-Balagha</em><em>h</em> book. </p><p> </p><p><em>Tabayyun </em>atau <em>tatsabbut</em> atau <em>tahaqquq</em> (verifikasi) dan <em>taakkud</em> (konfirmasi) dalam berita adalah penting agar kita tidak berbuat salah, zhalim dan menyesal. Sedangkan di dalam ilmu dan agama maka <em>tatsabbut</em> itu lebih penting lagi sebab akibatnya bisa lebih fatal. Oleh karena itu umat Islam yang dijadikan oleh Allah sebagai <em>ummatan wasa<span style="text-decoration: underline;">t</span>an</em> diberi keistimewaan sebagai umat yang agama dan ilmunya ber-<em>sanad</em>. Di jaman salaf, <em>tatsabbut</em> dengan <em>sanad</em> sudah membudaya dalam <em>talaqqi</em> dan riwayat. Maka untuk menghidupkan kembali budaya <em>tastabbut</em> ini peneliti memandang perlu melakukan studi kritis terhadap konsep sanad yang ada dalam kitab <em>Nahj al-Balaghah </em> yang kesohor dan tersebar luas itu. </p>
أحكام (دون) ودلالاتها السياقية
Authors: Alshamsan Aboaws Ibrahim 
Published: December 2016

<p dir="RTL">ملخص</p><p dir="RTL">تبين لنا من هذا البحث أن (دون) ظرف مبهم منصرف كثير ملازمة الظرفية غير أنه نقل للاسمية فأخبر به ووصف به بمعنى الشيء المنحط عن غيره لأن دلالة (دون) هي تقصير عن الغاية المكانية الحسية أو المعنوية، واستعمل (دون) اسم فعل أمر بمعنى خذ المتعدي أو بمعنى توقف أو تأخر اللازم، واتصفت جملته بالجمود فلا يتعدى مفعوله عليه، وأخذ من دون اسم تفضيل للدلالة على تفاوت المكان أو المكانة، واستعملت (دون) في السياق بدلالات وظيفية مختلفة فجاءت بمعنى (لا)، و(قبل)، و(قُدّام)، و(تحت)، و(غير) و(من غير)، وتتركب (دون) مع حرف الجر (من) لتكون بمعنى (غير)، و(قبل)، و(تحت)، و(لا)، و(سوى)، وتتركب (دون) مع حرف الجر الباء ليكون بمعنى (غير)، و(أقل). ويستفاد من هذا أنه لك استعمال (دون) أو (من دون) أو (بدون) إن أردت معنى (غير) أو (أقل).</p><p dir="RTL" align="center"> </p><p dir="LTR"><strong>Provisions of (Doon) and contextual implications</strong><br /> Abstract<br /> It appears from this research that (Doon) is a vague adverb, and it always stays as an adverb. However, it has been also used as a noun. Therefore it could be used as a predicate. (Doon) describes things that are less than the others, either physically or socially. In addition, it is likely used as a command verb in the meaning of take or stop. The sentence that (Doon) comes in, is always in a specific order. (Doon) can also be used to express preference or disparity of places and ranks and it comes in the meaning of (not), (before), (in front), (below), (other than) and (without) depending on the context. (Doon) is an idiom when it combines with the preposition (from) in the meaning of (other than), (before), (under), (not) and (except), it also combines with the preposition (with) in the meaning of (other than), (before), (below), (not) and (except). Finally, you can use (Doon) or (Mn Doon) or (Bedoon) in the meaning of (other than) or (below).</p>
A 24-bp Indel (Insertion-Deletion) Polymorphism in Promoter Prolactin Gene
Authors: Lumatauw Sintje , Mu’in Muh Affan 
Published: December 2016

Prolactin in chicken (cPRL) is a polypeptide hormone that plays a crucial role in incubation and brooding behavior. This hormone is coded by a gene that located at chromosome 2. The objective of this study was to investigate 24-bp indel polymorphism in promoter prolactin gene of Papua local chickens. A number of 60 DNA samples came from 60 Papua local chickens (25 males and 35 females) were used in this study. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method with a pair of specific primer was applied and a specific DNA fragment with 130 and/or 154 bp contained 24-bp indel was successfully amplified. Results of electrophoresis run on 1.5 % agarose gel showed three genotypes: II, ID and DD with the frequency of 6,7%, 48.3% and 45% respectively. The frequency of I allele was 0.31 and D allele was 0.69. Results indicated that the I allele frequency was medium in Papua local chickens population. Results therefore suggest that incubation behavior in hen population of Papua local chickens is easy to eliminate by increasing the I allele frequency in the population.
Effect of Diet Containing Gracilaria Sp. Waste and Multi-Enzyme Additives on Blood Lipid Profile of Local Duck
Authors: Frasiska Nurul , Suprijatna Edjeng , Susanti Siti 
Published: December 2016

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of diet containing waste of seaweed Gracilaria sp. on local duck blood lipid profiles including cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL). The material in this study were 72 female Tegal ducks aged 22 weeks with 1,318 ± 121 gaverage body weight, diets containing Gracilaria sp. waste (GW) with 18% protein and 2900 kcal/kg metabolic energy and 150 g/ton feed commercial multi-enzyme (ME). Data were subject to Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments, (T0) Basal Diets, (T0+) Basal Diets with ME, (T1) Diets with 10% GW, (T1+) Diets with 10% GW + ME, (T2+) Diets with 12.5 % GW + ME, and (T3+) Diets with 15% GW + ME. The treatment was givenfor 12 weeks and blood sample was taken onthe last week. The serum was separated and analyzed for blood lipid profiles using CHOD-PAP. Results showed that diet with 12.5%GW plus multi-enzyme additives significantly (P<0.05) affected blood lipid profiles of local duck, tended to lower triglycerides and LDL Cholesterol, but increase blood HDL levels.
Performance Indices and Physiological Changes in Pearl Guinea Fowls (Numida Meleagris) Supplemented with Molasses through Drinking Water
Authors: Habibu Buhari , Ikira Nizam Mustapha , Ibrahim Moses , Buhari Hajarah Uwale , Abdullahi Abdullahi , Ibrahim Muhammed Abdul , Kawu Mohammed Umar 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The study was aimed at evaluating the performance indices and physiologic changes in pearl guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) supplemented with molasses through drinking water. A total of thirty-two (n=32) day-old pearl guinea fowls raised to 12-week-old were used for the study. The fowls were randomly allocated to two groups (control and experimental) of 16 fowls each, with each having two replicates. Experimental fowls were given 5 mL molasses per litre of drinking water for 8 weeks, while control fowls were given only drinking water. Performance indices which include: feed consumption, water intake and percentage weight gain were measured. Rectal temperature was measured and blood samples were collected to evaluate the changes in haematological parameters, serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations. Results revealed that the molasses-treated fowls had significantly (P<0.05) higher percentage weight gain, blood total protein, packed cell volume and mean corpuscular volume compared to control. However, the feed consumptionwas significantly lower (P<0.05) in the molasses-treated fowls compared to control. In both groups, rectal temperature increased significantly (P<0.05) during the afternoon hours and was lower (P<0.05) in molasses-treated fowls than control during the evening hours. There was no significant difference in other haematological parameters, serum glucose, T4 and T3 betweengroups. In conclusion, molasses supplementation decreased feed consumption, improved body weight gain and enhanced nutritional status and erythropoiesis in guinea fowls.
Supplementation of Red Betel Leaf (Piper crocatum) in Dairy Cattle Feed on Fermentation Characteristics by in Vitro
Authors: Prayitno Caribu Hadi , Suwarno Suwarno , Sarwanto Doso , Hidayatun Dinar , Solihah Ma'ratul 
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to assess the impact and efficiency of red betel leaf’s extract supplementation in the diet of dairy cattle on fermentation characteristics by in vitro. The research method was experiment by using completely randomized design. The treatments that were tested were R1: basal feed, R2: R1 + 15 ppm of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) extract, R3: R1 + 30 ppm of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) extract, R4: R1 + 45 ppm of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) extract, R5: R1 + 60 ppm of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) extract. The parameters measured in this study were (1)Dry MatterDigestibility (DMD),(2)Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD) (3) total gas production (4) methane production (CH4) and (5) total Volatille Fatty Acid (VFA). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed Orthogonal Polynomial Test.The results showed that the suplementation red batel extract in the diet of dairy cow was significant (P < 0.01) on DMD, OMD, total gas production, methane production (CH4) and total VFA.Orthogonal Polynomial test showed the effect of treatment on Dry MatterDigestibility (DMD), total gas and CH4 gas production were in the form of cubic curve, as well as Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD) and Volatille Fatty Acid (VFA) in the form of quadrate curvewith supplementation of red betel leaf.
Chemical Properties and Characteristics of Cow Milk Yogurt with Different Additional Fruit and Storage Time
Authors: Wulansari Putri Dian , Kusmayadi Andri 
Published: December 2016

This research was aimed to evaluate the composition (total solids, water content, fat and protein), qualitative properties (color, aroma, and texture) and quantitative properties (free fatty acid and lactic acid) of cow milk yogurt with different fruits addition and storage time. Experimental method applied Completely Randomized Design with five treatments namely control, dragon fruit, mango, apple and banana (20% v/v), each with 5 replicates. Qualitative characteristic assessment was conducted on 0, 5, 10 and 15 days of storage. Result showed that fruit addition significantly affected the composition and characteristics, while storage time significantly affected quantitative characteristics of yogurt. Apple and banana increased 13% total solids of plain yogurt, while the highest fat content (4,516%) was observed in control yogurt which had the lowest protein content (2,564). The highest free fatty acid was in control yogurt ripen for 15 days (22,885%) while the lowest free fatty acid was in mango yogurt ripen for 10 days (13,915%). Fruit addition in yogurt ripen for 15 days at 5C resulted in a safe consumed product.
Histomorfometria gonadal comparada de Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875) e Psellogrammus kennedyi (Eigenmann, 1903) (Characiformes, Characidae) em um reservatório no semiárido brasileiro
Authors: GALVÃO Giancarlo Arrais , SILVA Augusto Luis Bentinho , CARDOSO Amanda Soares , SANTOS Hellen da Silva , PEREIRA Patricia Avello Nicola , RIBEIRO Leonardo Barros 
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar comparativamente as principais caracterí­­sticas morfológicas e histomorfométricas de ovários e testí­­culos de Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875) e Psellogrammus kennedyi (Eigenmann, 1903). Os peixes foram obtidos entre abril de 2014 e março de 2015, no Reservatório Monte Alegre (Salgueiro, Pernambuco). No total, 240 indiví­­duos foram observados macroscopicamente e, destes, 126 gônadas foram analisadas histologicamente. Durante o perí­­odo estudado, A. lacustris apresentou quatro diferentes estádios gonadais e P. kennedyi apresentou três. Para ambas as espécies, todos os meses foram detectados macroscopicamente, ovócitos vitelogênicos e, microscopicamente, ovócitos pré-vitelogênicos. O dií­¢metro dos ovócitos vitelogênicos foi maior (471,68 ÂµmÂ±160,55; p<0,05) para fêmeas de A. lacustris. O dií­¢metro dos túbulos seminí­­feros (114,68 ÂµmÂ±34,57; p<0,05) e a altura do epitélio germinativo (18,75 ÂµmÂ±5,47; p<0,05) foram maiores para P. kennedyi. Os testí­­culos maduros em A. lacustris apresentaram epitélio germinativo com bordas melhor delimitadas, quando comparado a P. kennedyi. As observações macroscópicas demonstraram que os maiores valores do í­­ndice gonadossomático (IGS) de ambas as espécies coincidiu com o perí­­odo de maior precipitação (entre novembro/2014 e maio/2015) na região. Por fim, a partir das observações macro e microscópicas, concluiu-se que as duas espécies apresentam desova parcelada com desenvolvimento ovocitário assincrônico.
PRODUCT CERTIFICATION AND LEGAL PROTECTION TO ENHANCE INDONESIAN TRADITIONAL HERBAL PRODUCTIONS
Authors: Purwaningsih Endang , Huda Nurul , Ulfah A.R. Nelly 
Published: December 2016

This study is aimed to empower traditional herbs producer and help legal protection of Indonesian traditional medicines, implementing Participatory Research and juridical-sociological approaches. Data
were collected through literary, questionnaire, interview and Focus Group Discussion. The first year study revealed that Herbal Producer Association worked with all members, persuading government offices to get product certification and effective trademark licenses. In the second year study the researchers and Producers Association trained and facilitated vendors to endorse trademark, label registry, and markets shares. Producers maintain traditional medicine management, because product certification is hard to achieve.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan produsen jamu/OT dan membantu perlindungan hukumnya, dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan penelitian partisipatoris dan sosiologis yuridis. Data dikumpulkan dengan literatur, kuesioner, wawancara dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Pada tahun pertama organisasi gabungan pengusaha jamu (GP Jamu) bersama-sama dengan seluruh anggotanya mendorong pemerintah untuk perolehan sertifikasi produk izin edar dan merek secara efektif. Pada tahun kedua, peneliti dan gabungan pengusaha jamu melakukan pelatihan guna perolehan izin edar, pendaftaran merek, dan peningkatan pemasaran. Para pengusaha jamu tradisional perlu terus menerus didampingi karena perolehan izin edar terkesan sulit.
AN APPLICATION OF DOCTRINE OF NECESSITY: PREVIOUS CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF NEPAL AND ITS TIME EXTENSION TO AVOID CONSTITUTIONAL UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Jayshwal Vijay Pd. 
Published: December 2016

This paper aims to investigate issues in relation of constitutional doctrine which had potential debate among the jurists of Nepal for the issues of time extension. The paper will also argue some weaknesses in the constituent assembly and their role expected by the people of Nepal. This paper will discuss about the evolution of constitution in Nepal, its features, the principle of Constitutionalism embodied in Nepalese constitution. This paper will further argue about the legitimacy of Doctrine of Necessity and its application in Nepal. In last, this paper will show the possibility of constitutional uncertainty by newly elected constituent assembly. Penulisan ini dalam rangka mengkaji doktrin konstitusional yang tengah ramai diperdebatkan oleh para ahli hukum di Nepal, khususnya berkaitan dengan isu mengenai perpanjangan waktu. Melalui tulisan ini, terdapat temuan yang menunjukkan beberapa kelemahan yang ada dalam majelis konstituate Nepal di samping peran-perannya sebagaimana yang diharapkan oleh rakyat Nepal. Tulisan ini membahas pula mengenai evolusi konstitusi Nepal sebagaimana diwujudkan dalam prinsip-prinsip konstitusionalism yang dianut oleh Konstitusi Nepal. Lebih lanjut, berkaitan dengan legitimasi dari Doctrin of Necessity dan penerapannya di Nepal. Pada akhirnya, tulisan ini akan memberikan gambaran mengenai kemungkinan ketidakpastian secara konstitusional berkaitan dengan kondisi majelis konstituante yang baru saja terpilih.
PROSPEK PENEMPATAN PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL YANG MENGIKAT INDONESIA DALAM HIERARKI PERATURAN PERUNDANGUNDANGAN INDONESIA
Authors: Aminoto Mr. , Merdekawati Agustina 
Published: December 2016

This research aims to know understand the prospects to include international treaties binding to Indonesia in the hierarchy of Indonesian statutory regulations, from the aspects of urgency and challenges. This research is a legal research. Therefore, the data collecting method applied for this research mainly focuses on literature reseach. These materials will be analyzed with a statutory, and comparative approach. The analysis of this research concluded that: Firstly, there were seven reasons of urgency to place international treaties in the hierarchy of statutory regulations and Secondly, there were four main challenges to place international treaties in the hierarchy of statutory regulations. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peluang penempatan perjanjian internasional yang mengikat Indonesia dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan yang terdiri dari aspek urgensi dan tantangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis. Pengumpulan sumber-sumber penelitian menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan (literature reseach) dengan metode pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan perbandingan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, adatujuh alasan utama urgensi penempatan perjanjian internasional dalam hierarki Peraturan Perundang-undangan Indonesia; dan Kedua, ada empat tantangan dalam penempatan perjanjian internasional dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia.