bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and the borderland of déjà vu
Authors: Perucca Piero , Crompton Douglas E. , Bellows Susannah T. , McIntosh Anne M. , Kalincik Tomas , Newton Mark R. , Vajda Frank J. E. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Kwan Patrick , O'Brien Terence J. , Tan K. Meng , Berkovic Samuel F. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThe cause of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is often unknown. We ascertained to what extent newly diagnosed nonlesional MTLE actually represents familial MTLE (FMTLE).MethodsWe identified all consecutive patients presenting to the Austin Health First Seizure Clinic with MTLE and normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or MRI evidence of hippocampal sclerosis over a 10‐year period. Patients' first‐degree relatives and pairwise age‐ and sex‐matched controls underwent a comprehensive epilepsy interview. Each interview transcript was reviewed independently by 2 epileptologists, blinded to relative or control status. Reviewers classified each subject as follows: epilepsy, specifying if MTLE; manifestations suspicious for epilepsy; or unaffected. Physiological déjà vu was noted.ResultsForty‐four patients were included. At the Clinic, MTLE had been recognized to be familial in 2 patients only. Among 242 subjects interviewed, MTLE was diagnosed in 9 of 121 relatives versus 0 of 121 controls (p = 0.008). All affected relatives had seizures with intense déjà vu and accompanying features; 6 relatives had not been previously diagnosed. Déjà vu experiences that were suspicious, but not diagnostic, of MTLE occurred in 6 additional relatives versus none of the controls (p = 0.04). Physiological déjà vu was common, and did not differ significantly between relatives and controls. After completing the relatives' interviews, FMTLE was diagnosed in 8 of 44 patients (18.2%).InterpretationFMTLE accounts for almost one‐fifth of newly diagnosed nonlesional MTLE, and it is largely unrecognized without direct questioning of relatives. Relatives of patients with MTLE may experience déjà vu phenomena that clinically lie in the “borderland” between epileptic seizures and physiological déjà vu. Ann Neurol 2017;82:166–176.
Microbleeds in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes Trial: Stroke, mortality, and treatment interactions
Authors: Shoamanesh Ashkan , Pearce Lesly A. , Bazan Carlos , Catanese Luciana , McClure Leslie A. , Sharma Mukul , Marti‐Fabregas Joan , Anderson David C. , Kase Carlos S. , Hart Robert G. , Benavente Oscar R. ,   on behalf of the SPS3 Trial Investigators
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo characterize cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in lacunar stroke patients in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) trial and to assess their relationship with recurrent stroke and death, and response to assigned treatment.MethodsSPS3 is a randomized, clinical trial conducted between 2003 and 2011. Patients with recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐documented lacunar infarcts were randomly assigned in a factorial design to target levels of systolic blood pressure (130–149mmHg vs <130mmHg; open label) and to antiplatelet treatment (aspirin/clopidogrel vs aspirin/placebo; double‐blinded). The current analysis involves 1,278 trial participants who had a baseline axial T2*‐weighted gradient echo MRI sequence allowing for CMB detection.ResultsCMBs were present in 30% of 1,278 patients (mean age = 63 years). Male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3–2.3), history of hypertension (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2–2.3), increased systolic blood pressure (1.2 per 20mmHg, 95% CI = 1.1–1.4), nondiabetic status (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1–1.9), multiple old lacunar infarcts (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5–2.5), and moderate (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2–2.3) or severe (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 3.0–5.9) white matter hyperintensities on MRI were independently associated with CMBs. During a mean follow‐up of 3.3 years, overall stroke recurrence was 2.5% per patient‐year. Patients with CMBs had an adjusted 2‐fold increased risk of recurrent stroke (hazard ratio = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.4–3.1). CMBs were not a risk factor for death. There were no statistically significant interactions between CMBs and treatment assignments.InterpretationPatients with lacunar stroke and CMBs likely harbor a more advanced form of cerebral small vessel disease in need of efficacious therapeutic strategies. Ann Neurol 2017;82:196–207.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Carbo‐2‐pyridylation of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes with Pyridinium Salts
Authors: Hu Rong‐Bin , Sun Shuai , Su Yijin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA simple and practical visible‐light‐induced carbo‐2‐pyridylation of electron‐deficient alkenes with readily available N‐benzoylmethylpyridinium bromides is reported. More than 40 examples are presented and proceed in greater than 80 % yield (on average) with excellent regio‐ and diastereoselectivities.
Development of amidoxime functionalized silica by radiation‐induced grafting
Authors: Khan Ijaz Ahmed , Yasin Tariq , Hussain Hazrat 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTA novel amidoxime‐based silica adsorbent was prepared by using radiation‐induced grafting technique. Grafting of acrylonitrile (AN) on silanized silica that was silanized by vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) was carried out in solvent‐free system. The grafting of AN was increased with increasing the absorbed dose and monomer concentration in the mixture. Grafting of 748% of AN was achieved at 20 kGy dose. The nitrile groups of acrylonitrile grafted silica (AN‐g‐S) were chemically converted into amidoxime groups. The structure of AN‐g‐S and its corresponding products was investigated by FTIR, SEM, TGA, BET, and XRD analysis. FTIR and EDX analysis confirmed the grafting of AN onto silica surface. The changed morphology of SEM images shows the presence polyacrylonitrile layers on silica particles. The adsorption application of amidoxime‐grafted silica (AO‐g‐S) was studied against Cu2+. Its adsorption capacity is strongly depended on the pH of the solution and 172 (mg/g) of Cu2+ uptake was obtained at pH 5.0. The developed adsorbent has potential application to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45437.
Localization of RELM‐β/FIZZ2 Is Associated with Cementum Formation
Authors: Hosoya Akihiro , Takahama Akira , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTResistin‐like molecule‐β/found in inflammatory zone 2 (RELM‐β/FIZZ2) is a cysteine‐rich secretory protein that is localized in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract and lung alveoli. Previous reports have suggested that this protein regulates glucose metabolism and inflammation. In the present study, to analyze the involvement of RELM‐β/FIZZ2 in tooth development, we immunohistochemically examined the localization of RELM‐β/FIZZ2 in tooth germs of embryonic days (E) 15‐20 and postnatal days (P) 7‐42 rats. RELM‐β/FIZZ2 was hardly detected in the tooth germ at the bud (E15) stage. However, at the cap (E17) and bell (E20) stages, this protein was detectable in the inner enamel epithelium; whereas cells in the other parts of the enamel organ including the outer enamel epithelium and stellate reticulum did not show the immunoreactivity. During the root formation stage (P14‐28), cells in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) localized RELM‐β/FIZZ2. Intense immunoreactivity was also seen in the matrix of the root dentin facing the HERS and the dental follicle. This reactivity was not present on the more upwardly located dentin surface. In contrast, cementum matrix positive for osteopontin and bone sialoprotein was observed on the dentin instead of immunoreactivity for RELM‐β/FIZZ2. Osterix‐positive cells, indicating cementoblast progenitors, were also detected in the dental follicle near the matrix positive for RELM‐β/FIZZ2. These results suggest that RELM‐β/FIZZ2 secreted by the inner enamel epithelium was mainly localized in the matrix at the surface of the apical root dentin and might be involved in cementogenesis. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1865–1874, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in neural crest sensitivity to ethanol account for the infrequency of anterior segment defects in the eye compared with craniofacial anomalies in a zebrafish model of fetal alcohol syndrome
Authors: Eason Jessica , Williams Antionette L. , Chawla Bahaar , Apsey Christian , Bohnsack Brenda L. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundEthanol (ETOH) exposure during pregnancy is associated with craniofacial and neurologic abnormalities, but infrequently disrupts the anterior segment of the eye. In these studies, we used zebrafish to investigate differences in the teratogenic effect of ETOH on craniofacial, periocular, and ocular neural crest.MethodsZebrafish eye and neural crest development was analyzed by means of live imaging, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay, immunostaining, detection of reactive oxygen species, and in situ hybridization.ResultsOur studies demonstrated that foxd3‐positive neural crest cells in the periocular mesenchyme and developing eye were less sensitive to ETOH than sox10‐positive craniofacial neural crest cells that form the pharyngeal arches and jaw. ETOH increased apoptosis in the retina, but did not affect survival of periocular and ocular neural crest cells. ETOH also did not increase reactive oxygen species within the eye. In contrast, ETOH increased ventral neural crest apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production in the facial mesenchyme. In the eye and craniofacial region, sod2 showed high levels of expression in the anterior segment and in the setting of Sod2 knockdown, low levels of ETOH decreased migration of foxd3‐positive neural crest cells into the developing eye. However, ETOH had minimal effect on the periocular and ocular expression of transcription factors (pitx2 and foxc1) that regulate anterior segment development.ConclusionNeural crest cells contributing to the anterior segment of the eye exhibit increased ability to withstand ETOH‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. These studies explain the rarity of anterior segment dysgenesis despite the frequent craniofacial abnormalities in fetal alcohol syndrome. Birth Defects Research 109:1212–1227, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thyrotoxicosis in a 13‐year‐old girl following pituitary adenectomy for Cushing′s disease
Authors: Sigmarsdottir Arndis Audur , Olafsson Ingvar Hakon , Kjartansson Ólafur , Bjarnason Ragnar 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageOur objective is to report a case of thyrotoxicosis following pituitary adenectomy for Cushing′s disease, the only pediatric case to our knowledge. No thyroid antibodies were detected, and the thyrotoxicosis was successfully treated for 3 months with no relapse after 5 years of follow‐up. The cause of thyrotoxicosis remains unknown.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus in a patient with Klippel–Feil syndrome: a case report
Authors: Ishida Tomohisa , Inoue Takashi , Fujimura Miki , Shimoda Yoshiteru , Ezura Masayuki , Uenohara Hiroshi , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageA patient with Klippel–Feil syndrome presented with hydrocephalus secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage. Fusion of the cervical vertebrae may have impeded cerebrospinal fluid flow. Change in the properties of cerebrospinal fluid flow after hemorrhage may have induced noncommunicating hydrocephalus. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was effective for the treatment of hydrocephalus associated with Klippel–Feil syndrome.
Test System for the Investigation of Reactive Taylor Bubbles
Authors: Kastens Sven , Timmermann Jens , Strassl Florian , Rampmaier Robert F. , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres-Pawlis Sonja , Schlüter Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDetailed analysis of reactive multiphase flows is still challenging due to the complex linked transport processes. Until now, there is no reliable and reproducible experimental method for gas‐liquid flows, which enables the local measurement of dissolved species concentrations of educts, products, and side products at well‐defined and reproducible hydrodynamic conditions. A vertically arranged glass channel is used to capture gas bubbles with well‐defined wake structures. The hydrodynamic conditions in the wake can be predicted by dimensionless numbers and adapted for most industrially relevant systems. An experimental apparatus is presented for the investigation of the interdependency between hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and chemical reaction. The applicability of the setup is demonstrated with a chemical test system that shows a strong color shift from colorless to blue when the gas‐liquid reaction takes place.
Acute fulminant necrotizing eosinophilic myocarditis: early diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Callan Paul David , Baltabaeva Aigul , Kamal Mohammed , Wong Joyce , Lane Rebecca , Robertus Jan Lukas , Banner Nicholas R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNecrotizing eosinophilic myocarditis is a rare but potentially fatal condition that requires prompt recognition and treatment. We describe a case of a young athlete presenting with chest pain and breathlessness, with evidence of rapidly deteriorating cardiac function. The condition was successfully treated with corticosteroids, with no evidence of residual myocardial damage. This is the first reported case to demonstrate the utility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis and monitoring response to treatment. It also highlights the value of endomyocardial biopsy in establishing a tissue diagnosis in cases of fulminant myocarditis, in order to direct treatment appropriately.
Detection of ochratoxin A by aptamer‐assisted real‐time PCR‐based assay (Apta‐qPCR)
Authors: Modh Harshvardhan , Scheper Thomas , Walter Johanna‐Gabriela 
Published: July 2017

Detection of food toxins with high sensitivity is very important and challenging. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is frequently present as food contaminant in contaminated grains and grain derivatives such as bread and beer. In this work, a target‐induced dissociation (TID) based aptamer‐assisted real‐time PCR‐based assay (apta‐qPCR) is developed that features effective detection of OTA. Apta‐qPCR effectively combines the capabilities of aptamer to be amplified, being a nucleotide sequence, with its specific interaction with the corresponding target molecule. Compared to commonly used fluorescence‐based and colorimetric methods, the sensitivity of qPCR to detect a nucleotide sequence (aptamer) has ameliorated the sensitivity of the aptamer‐based detection of OTA. Here, the OTA aptamer was immobilized on the magnetic beads coated with d(T)25 (dT beads). A sequence complementary to the OTA‐binding portion of the aptamer was used as a linker between dT beads and the aptamer sequence. When OTA was added, the aptamer was released from the dT beads due to TID. The resulting assay was able to detect 0.009 ng/mL OTA with a wide dynamic range of 0.039–1000 ng/mL. Apta‐qPCR can be easily transferred to other small molecules for highly sensitive detection using corresponding aptamers.
Predicting crude oil prices: Replication of the empirical results in “What do we learn from the price of crude oil?”
Authors: Pak Anton 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIn addition to their theoretical analysis of the joint determination of oil futures prices and oil spot prices, Alquist and Kilian (Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2010, 25(4), 539–573) compare the out‐of‐sample accuracy of the random walk forecast with that of forecasts based on oil futures prices and other predictors. The results of my replication exercise are very similar to the original forecast accuracy results, but the relative accuracy of the random walk forecast and the futures‐based forecast changes when the sample is extended to August 2016, consistent with the results of several other recent studies by Kilian and co‐authors.
Evaluation of the possible nephroprotective effects of vitamin E and rosuvastatin in amikacin‐induced renal injury in rats
Authors: Selim Ahmed , khalaf Marwa M. , Gad Amany M. , Abd El‐Raouf Ola M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAmikacin (AMIK) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that possesses considerable nephrotoxic adverse effects. This study examined the protective effects of vitamin E (VIT. E) or rosuvastatin (ROSU) against AMIK‐induced nephrotoxicity. For this purpose, eight groups of rats were used. Two control groups received saline and vehicle, AMIK group (1.2 g/kg, i.p.), VIT. E group (1000 mg/kg; p.o.), ROSU group (10 mg/kg; p.o.), AMIK + VIT. E group, AMIK + ROSU group, and combination group. The results showed that AMIK significantly increased serum levels of urea and creatinine. Meanwhile, serum levels of total protein and albumin were decreased. The kidney content of malondialdehyde was increased, whereas glutathione content and catalase activity were decreased. Tumor necrosis factor‐α and nuclear transcriptional factor levels were increased. Conversely, administration of VIT. E and/or ROSU with AMIK ameliorated such damage and reduced DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, and necrosis. In conclusion, co‐administration of VIT. E, ROSU, or their combination alleviated AMIK‐induced nephrotoxicity.
Pathological role of a point mutation (T315I) in BCR‐ABL1 protein—A computational insight
Authors: Rajendran Vidya , Gopalakrishnan Chandrasekhar , Sethumadhavan Rao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBCR‐ABL protein is one of the most potent target to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Apart from other mutations, T315I is especially challenging as it confers resistance to all first‐ and second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. So, a thorough study of altered behavior upon mutation is crucially needed. To understand the resistance mechanism of mutant BCR‐ABL protein, we organized a long‐term molecular dynamics simulation (500 ns) and performed the detailed comparative conformational analysis. We found that due to mutation at 315th position (threonine to isoleucine), original structures deviated from normal, and attained a flexible conformation. Our observations pave a clear path toward designing new inhibitors against resistant BCR‐ABL1 protein and suggest a strategy where additional flexibility governed by mutation could be given an appropriate consideration.
MicroRNA‐137 is negatively associated with clinical outcome and regulates tumor development through EZH2 in cervical cancer
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Yan Ting , Liu Zhijun , Wang Jun , Lu Yu , Li Donglin , Liang Wentong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe intend to evaluate the expression, clinical relevance, and functional role of microRNA‐137 (miR‐137) in human cervical cancer (CC). MiR‐137 expressions were assessed by qPCR in CC cell lines and human CC tumors. The correlation between endogenous miR‐137 expression and CC patients’ postoperative overall survival was examined statistically. CC cell lines, Ca‐Ski, and SiHa cells were transduced with lentivirus to ectopically upregulate endogenous miR‐137 expressions. Possible inhibitory effects of miR‐137 upregulation on CC in vitro proliferation and migration, as well as in vivo transplantation were evaluated. Targeting of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) gene by miR‐137 in CC was assessed by dual‐luciferase activity assay and qPCR. In CC cells with upregulated miR‐137, EZH2 was overexpressed to assess its direct function in miR‐137 mediated CC proliferation and migration. MiR‐137 was downregulated in both CC cells and human CC tumors. Downregulation of endogenous miR‐137 was significantly correlated with CC patients’ short overall survival. In CC cells, miR‐137 upregulation is tumor‐suppressive by inhibiting proliferation and migration in vitro, and transplantation in vivo. EZH2 was a direct downstream target gene of miR‐137 in CC. Forced overexpression of EZH2 in miR‐137‐upregulated CC cells reversed the tumor‐suppression induced by miR‐137. MiR‐137 is lowly expressed in CC and possibly acting as a negative biomarker for CC patients’ clinical outcome. MiR‐137 upregulation may suppress CC, very likely by inversely regulating EZH2.
Why Political Settlements Matter: Navigating Inclusion in Processes of Institutional Transformation
Authors: Pospisil Jan , Rocha Menocal Alina 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPolitical settlements are now at the centre of international development efforts to promote more peaceful and inclusive states and societies. This special issue brings together a collection of theoretical and empirical contributions that engage critically with the political settlement concept and the question of how to navigate inclusion, with a focus on underlying politics, power and institutional dynamics, and how these influence trajectories of change. Three insights, in particular, emerge from the analysis in this issue. Firstly, the relationship between inclusion, stability, violence and resilience is complex and non‐linear. Secondly, peace processes on their own are not sufficient to alter political settlements and tend to yield formalised political unsettlement instead. Lastly, processes of institutional transformation often involve trade‐offs and dilemmas. Therefore, efforts to engage with political settlements need to adopt a long‐term framework that overcomes idealist models of change. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial fuzzy c‐means thresholding for semiautomated calculation of percentage lung ventilated volume from hyperpolarized gas and 1H MRI
Authors: Hughes Paul J.C. , Horn Felix C. , Collier Guilhem J. , Biancardi Alberto , Marshall Helen , Wild Jim M. 
Published: July 2017

PurposeTo develop an image‐processing pipeline for semiautomated (SA) and reproducible analysis of hyperpolarized gas lung ventilation and proton anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan pairs. To compare results from the software for total lung volume (TLV), ventilated volume (VV), and percentage lung ventilated volume (%VV) calculation to the current manual “basic” method and a K‐means segmentation method.Materials and MethodsSix patients were imaged with hyperpolarized 3He and same‐breath lung 1H MRI at 1.5T and six other patients were scanned with hyperpolarized 129Xe and separate‐breath 1H MRI. One expert observer and two users with experience in lung image segmentation carried out the image analysis. Spearman (R), Intraclass (ICC) correlations, Bland–Altman limits of agreement (LOA), and Dice Similarity Coefficients (DSC) between output lung volumes were calculated.ResultsWhen comparing values of %VV, agreement between observers improved using the SA method (mean; R = 0.984, ICC = 0.980, LOA = 7.5%) when compared to the basic method (mean; R = 0.863, ICC = 0.873, LOA = 14.2%) nonsignificantly (pR = 0.25, pICC = 0.25, and pLOA = 0.50 respectively). DSC of VV and TLV masks significantly improved (P < 0.01) using the SA method (mean; DSCVV = 0.973, DSCTLV = 0.980) when compared to the basic method (mean; DSCVV = 0.947, DSCTLV = 0.957). K‐means systematically overestimated %VV when compared to both basic (mean overestimation = 5.0%) and SA methods (mean overestimation = 9.7%), and had poor agreement with the other methods (mean ICC; K‐means vs. basic = 0.685, K‐means vs. SA = 0.740).ConclusionA semiautomated image processing software was developed that improves interobserver agreement and correlation of lung ventilation volume percentage when compared to the currently used basic method and provides more consistent segmentations than the K‐means method.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:640–646.