bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrashort broadband polarization beam splitter based on a combined hybrid plasmonic waveguide
Authors: Chang Ken-Wei , Huang Chia-Chien 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe propose an ultracompact broadband polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on a combined hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPW). The proposed PBS separates transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) modes using a bent lower HPW with vertical nanoscale gaps and a straight upper HPW with a horizontal nanoscale gap, respectively, without relying on an additional coupling region. This design considerably reduces the length of the PBS to the submicron scale (920 nm, the shortest PBS reported to date) while offering polarization extinction ratios (PERs) of ~19 dB (~18 dB) and insertion losses (ILs) of ~0.6 dB (~0.3 dB) for the TE (TM) mode over an extremely broad band of 400 nm (from λ = 1300 nm to 1700 nm, covering entirely second and third telecom windows). The length of the designed PBS can be reduced further to 620 nm while still offering PERs of 15 dB, realizing a densely photonic integrated circuit. Considering the fabrication tolerance, the designed PBS allows for large geometrical deviations of ±20 nm while restricting PER variations to within 1 dB, except for those in the nanoscale gaps smaller than 10nm. Additionally, we also address the input and ouput coupling efficiencies of the proposed PBS.
Enhanced energy transport owing to nonlinear interface interaction
Authors: Su Ruixia , Yuan Zongqiang , Wang Jun , Zheng Zhigang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIt is generally expected that the interface coupling leads to the suppression of thermal transport through coupled nanostructures due to the additional interface phonon-phonon scattering. However, recent experiments demonstrated that the interface van der Waals interactions can significantly enhance the thermal transfer of bonding boron nanoribbons compared to a single freestanding nanoribbon. To obtain a more in-depth understanding on the important role of the nonlinear interface coupling in the heat transports, in the present paper, we explore the effect of nonlinearity in the interface interaction on the phonon transport by studying the coupled one-dimensional (1D) Frenkel-Kontorova lattices. It is found that the thermal conductivity increases with increasing interface nonlinear intensity for weak inter-chain nonlinearity. By developing the effective phonon theory of coupled systems, we calculate the dependence of heat conductivity on interfacial nonlinearity in weak inter-chain couplings regime which is qualitatively in good agreement with the result obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, we demonstrate that, with increasing interface nonlinear intensity, the system dimensionless nonlinearity strength is reduced, which in turn gives rise to the enhancement of thermal conductivity. Our results pave the way for manipulating the energy transport through coupled nanostructures for future emerging applications.
HERG1A potassium channel is the predominant isoform in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: evidence for regulation by epigenetic mechanisms
Authors: Menéndez Sofía T. , Villaronga M. Ángeles , Rodrigo Juan P. , Álvarez-Teijeiro Saúl , Urdinguio Rocío G. , Fraga Mario F. , Suárez Carlos , García-Pedrero Juana M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEvidences indicate that HERG1 voltage-gated potassium channel is frequently aberrantly expressed in various cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), representing a clinically and biologically relevant feature during disease progression and a potential therapeutic target. The present study further and significantly extends these data investigating for the first time the expression and individual contribution of HERG1 isoforms, their clinical significance during disease progression and also the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Analysis of HERG1A and HERG1B expression using real-time RT-PCR consistently showed that HERG1A is the predominant isoform in ten HNSCC-derived cell lines tested. HERG2 and HERG3 were also detected. Immunohistochemical analysis of HERG1A expression on 133 HNSCC specimens demonstrated that HERG1A expression increased during tumour progression and correlated significantly with reduced disease-specific survival. Furthermore, our study provides original evidence supporting the involvement of histone acetylation (i.e. H3Ac and H4K16Ac activating marks) in the regulation of HERG1 expression in HNSCC. Interestingly, this mechanism was also found to regulate the expression of another oncogenic channel (Kv3.4) as well as HERG2 and HERG3. These data demonstrate that HERG1A is the predominant and disease-relevant isoform in HNSCC progression, while histone acetylation emerges as an important regulatory mechanism underlying Kv gene expression.
Mesenteric IL-10-producing CD5+ regulatory B cells suppress cow’s milk casein-induced allergic responses in mice
Authors: Kim A-Ram , Kim Hyuk Soon , Kim Do Kyun , Nam Seung Taek , Kim Hyun Woo , Park Young Hwan , Lee Dajeong , Lee Min Bum , Lee Jun Ho , Kim Bokyung , Beaven Michael A. , Kim Hyung Sik , Kim Young Mi , Choi Wahn Soo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFood allergy is a hypersensitive immune reaction to food proteins. We have previously demonstrated the presence of IL-10-producing CD5+ B cells and suggested their potential role in regulating cow’s milk casein allergy in humans and IgE-mediated anaphylaxis in mice. In this study, we determined whether IL-10-producing CD5+ regulatory B cells control casein-induced food allergic responses in mice and, if so, the underlying mechanisms. The induction of oral tolerance (OT) by casein suppressed casein-induced allergic responses including the decrease of body temperature, symptom score, diarrhea, recruitment of mast cells and eosinophils into jejunum and other biological parameters in mice. Notably, the population of IL-10-producing CD5+ B cells was increased in mesenteric lymph node (MLN), but not in spleen or peritoneal cavity (PeC) in OT mice. The adoptive transfer of CD5+ B cells from MLN, but not those from spleen and PeC, suppressed the casein-induced allergic responses in an allergen-specific and IL-10-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of IL-10-producing CD5+ B cells on casein-induced allergic response was dependent on Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Taken together, mesenteric IL-10-producing regulatory B cells control food allergy via Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and could potentially act as a therapeutic regulator for food allergy.
PAFR in adipose tissue macrophages is associated with anti-inflammatory phenotype and metabolic homoeostasis
Authors: Filgueiras Luciano Ribeiro , Koga Marianna Mainardi , Quaresma Paula G. , Ishizuka Edson Kiyotaka , Montes Marlise B.A. , Prada Patricia O. , Saad Mario J. , Jancar Sonia , Rios Francisco J. 
Published: January 2016

Metabolic dysfunction is associated with adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage infiltration. PAFR (platelet-activating factor receptor) is expressed in several cell types and binds to PAF (platelet-activating factor) and oxidized phospholipids. Engagement of PAFR in macrophages drives them towards the anti-inflammatory phenotype. In the present study, we investigated whether genetic deficiency of PAFR affects the phenotype of ATMs (adipose tissue macrophages) and its effect on glucose and insulin metabolism. PARFKO (PAFR-knockout) and WT (wild-type) mice were fed on an SD (standard diet) or an HFD (high-fat diet). Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed by blood monitoring. ATMs were evaluated by FACS for phenotypic markers. Gene and protein expression was investigated by real-time reverse transcription–quantitative PCR and Western blotting respectively. Results showed that the epididymal adipose tissue of PAFRKO mice had increased gene expression of Ccr7, Nos2, Il6 and Il12, associated with pro-inflammatory mediators, and reduced expression of the anti-inflammatory Il10. Moreover, the adipose tissue of PAFRKO mice presented more pro-inflammatory macrophages, characterized by an increased frequency of F4/80+CD11c+ cells. Blood monocytes of PAFRKO mice also exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype (increased frequency of Ly6C+ cells) and PAFR ligands were detected in the serum of both PAFRKO and WT mice. Regarding metabolic parameters, compared with WT, PAFRKO mice had: (i) higher weight gain and serum glucose concentration levels; (ii) decreased insulin-stimulated glucose disappearance; (iii) insulin resistance in the liver; (iv) increased expression of Ldlr in the liver. In mice fed on an HFD, some of these changes were potentiated, particularly in the liver. Thus it seems that endogenous ligands of PAFR are responsible for maintaining the anti-inflammatory profile of blood monocytes and ATMs under physiological conditions. In the absence of PAFR signalling, monocytes and macrophages acquire a pro-inflammatory phenotype, resulting in adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.
Production of keto-disaccharides from aldo-disaccharides in subcritical aqueous ethanol
Authors: Gao Da-Ming , Kobayashi Takashi , Adachi Shuji 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Isomerization of disaccharides (maltose, isomaltose, cellobiose, lactose, melibiose, palatinose, sucrose, and trehalose) was investigated in subcritical aqueous ethanol. A marked increase in the isomerization of aldo-disaccharides to keto-disaccharides was noted and their hydrolytic reactions were suppressed with increasing ethanol concentration. Under any study condition, the maximum yield of keto-disaccharides produced from aldo-disaccharides linked by β-glycosidic bond was higher than that produced from aldo-disaccharides linked by α-glycosidic bond. Palatinose, a keto-disaccharide, mainly underwent decomposition rather than isomerization in subcritical water and subcritical aqueous ethanol. No isomerization was noted for the non-reducing disaccharides trehalose and sucrose. The rate constant of maltose to maltulose isomerization almost doubled by changing solvent from subcritical water to 80 wt% aqueous ethanol at 220 °C. Increased maltose monohydrate concentration in feed decreased the conversion of maltose and the maximum yield of maltulose, but increased the productivity of maltulose. The maximum productivity of maltulose was ca. 41 g/(h kg-solution).
The relative 𝑝-affine capacity
Authors: Xiao J. , Zhang N. 
Published: January 2016

In this paper, the relative

p
p

-affine capacities are introduced, developed, and subsequently applied to the trace theory of affine Sobolev spaces. In particular, we geometrically characterize such a nonnegative Radon measure

μ
\mu

given on an open set

O

⊆

R

n

\mathcal {O}\subseteq \mathbb R^n

that naturally induces an embedding of the

p
p

-affine Sobolev class

W

0
,
d

1
,
p

(

O

)

{W}^{1,p}_{0,d}(\mathcal {O})

into the Lebesgue space

L
q

(

O

,
μ
)

L^q(\mathcal {O},\mu )

(under

1
≤
p
≤
q
>
∞

1\le p\le q>\infty

) and the exponentially-integrable Lebesgue space

exp
⁡

(

(
n

ω
n

1
n

|

f

|

)

n

/

(
n
−
1
)

)

∈

L
1

(

O

,
μ
)

\exp \big ((n\omega _n^\frac 1n|f|)^{n/(n-1)}\big )\in L^1(\mathcal {O},\mu )

(under

p
=
n

p=n

) as well as the Lebesgue space

L
∞

(

O

,
μ
)

L^\infty (\mathcal {O},\mu )

(under

n
>
p
>
∞

n>p>\infty

) with

μ
(

O

)
>
∞

\mu (\mathcal {O})>\infty

. The results discovered here are new and nontrivial.
On the embedding of 𝐴₁ into 𝐴_{∞}
Authors: Rey Guillermo 
Published: January 2016

We give a quantitative embedding of the Muckenhoupt class

A
1

A_1

into

A
∞

A_\infty

. In particular, we show how

ϵ
\epsilon

depends on

[
w

]

A
1

[w]_{A_1}

in the inequality which characterizes

A
∞

A_\infty

weights:
\[

w
(
E
)

w
(
Q
)

≤

(

|

E

|

|

Q

|

)

ϵ

,

\frac {w(E)}{w(Q)} \leq \biggl ( \frac {|E|}{|Q|} \biggr )^\epsilon ,

\]
where

Q
Q

is any dyadic cube and

E
E

is any subset of

Q
Q

. This embedding yields a sharp reverse-Hölder inequality as an easy corollary.
Optimal Small-Area Estimation and Design When Nonrespondents Are Subsampled for Follow-up
Authors: O'Malley A. James , Zaslavsky Alan M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Many surveys use an inexpensive initial mode (e.g., mail questionnaires) and a more expensive follow-up mode (e.g., phone). The high unit costs of follow-up interviews may make it cost-effective to subsample the follow-up. We derive optimal follow-up subsampling rates for estimation with many domains. Optimal rates under design-based inference depart from the traditional formulae for Neyman allocation because the follow-up sample size at each plan is bounded by the size of the mail nonrespondent stratum, which may become a certainty stratum. When domain means for initial survey respondents are highly correlated with those for follow-up respondents, more precise estimates (at fixed overall cost) for potential follow-up respondents are obtained by jointly estimating initial and follow-up means using Bayesian bivariate small-area estimation (SAE) models. We compare the full Bayesian SAE procedure to both design-based estimation and univariate SAE. In our application to a large repeated health-care survey, the Medicare Consumer Assessments of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey, the performance of the Bayesian SAE procedure was uniformly superior to other approaches.
The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: Understanding the influence of outflows on Gould Belt clouds
Authors: Drabek-Maunder E. , Hatchell J. , Buckle J. V. , Di Francesco J. , Richer J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Using James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Gould Belt Survey data from CO J = 3 → 2 isotopologues, we present a meta-analysis of the outflows and energetics of star-forming regions in several Gould Belt clouds. The majority of the regions are strongly gravitationally bound. There is evidence that molecular outflows transport large quantities of momentum and energy. Outflow energies are at least 20 per cent of the total turbulent kinetic energies in all of the regions studied and greater than the turbulent energy in half of the regions. However, we find no evidence that outflows increase levels of turbulence, and there is no correlation between the outflow and turbulent energies. Even though outflows in some regions contribute significantly to maintaining turbulence levels against dissipation, this relies on outflows efficiently coupling to bulk motions. Other mechanisms (e.g. supernovae) must be the main drivers of turbulence in most if not all of these regions.
When are inter-individual brain-behavior correlations informative?
Authors: Lebreton Maël , Palminteri Stefano 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCharacterizing inter-individual differences induced by clinical and social factors constitutes one of the most promising applications of neuroimaging. Paving the way for such applications, neuroimaging studies often report between-group differences in “activations” or correlations between such “activations” and individual traits. Here we raise cautionary warnings about some of those inter-individual analytic strategies. These warnings become critical when measures of “activations” are unstandardized coefficients of regressions between BOLD signal and individual behavior.First, using simple algebraic derivations, we show how inter-individual differences results can spuriously arise from neglecting the statistical relationships which link the ranges of individual BOLD activation and of recorded behavior. We also demonstrate how apparently contradictory results and interpretations may simply arise from the interaction of this scaling issue and the pre-processing of the behavioral variables. Second, using computational simulations, we illustrate how this issue percolates the booming field of model-based fMRI. Finally, we outline a set of recommendations, which might prove useful for researcher and reviewers confronted with questions involving inter-individual differences in neuroimaging.Author SummaryCharacterizing inter-individual differences induced by clinical and societal factors constitutes one of the most promising applications of neuroimaging. Paving the way for such applications, an increasing fraction of neuroimaging studies reports between-group differences in “activations” or correlations between “activations” and individual traits. In this manuscript, we focus on the typical analytical strategies employed in studies investigating how differences in behavior between individuals or groups of individuals are translated to differences of activations in specific brain regions. We notably question whether they are suitable to support inferences and claims about the neural underpinnings of differential cognition. Our core results demonstrate that typical inter-individual results can spuriously arise by overlooking plausible statistical relationships that link the ranges of individual BOLD activation with the ranges of produced behavior. We argue that these results challenge current classical interpretations of inter-individual results. Highlighting the methodological and theoretical gaps regarding the analysis and interpretation of inter-individual differences is fundamental to fulfilling the promises of neuroimaging.
How clonal are bacteria over time?
Authors: Shapiro B. Jesse 
Published: January 2016

abstractBacteria and archaea reproduce clonally (vertical descent), but exchange genes by recombination (horizontal transfer). Recombination allows adaptive mutations or genes to spread rapidly within (or even between) species, and reduces the burden of deleterious mutations. Clonality – defined here as the balance between vertical and horizontal inheritance – is therefore a key microbial trait, determining how quickly a population can adapt and the size of its gene pool. Here, I discuss whether clonality varies over time and if it can be considered a stable trait of a given population. I show that, in some cases, clonality is clearly not static. For example, non-clonal (highly recombining) populations can give rise to clonal expansions, often of pathogens. However, an analysis of time-course metagenomic data from a lake suggests that a bacterial population’s past clonality (as measured by its genetic diversity) is a good predictor of its future clonality. Clonality therefore appears to be relatively – but not completely – stable over evolutionary time.
The 2-approximation algorithm of sorting by prefix transposition revisited
Authors: Islam Md. Shafiqul , Rahman Md. Khaledur , Rahman M. Sohel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA transposition is an operation that exchanges two adjacent blocks in a permutation. A prefix transposition always moves a prefix of the permutation to another location. In this article, we use a data structure, called the permutation tree, to improve the running time of the best known approximation algorithm (with approximation ratio 2) for sorting a permutation by prefix transpositions. By using the permutation tree, we improve the running time of the 2-approximation algorithm toO(nlogn).
Ageing, TOR and amino acid restriction: a cross-tissue transcriptional network connects GATA factors toDrosophilalongevity
Authors: Dobson Adam J , He Xiaoli , Blanc Eric , Bolukbasi Ekin , Feseha Yodit , Yang Mingyao , Piper Matthew DW 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAnimal lifespan can be extended by dietary restriction (DR), but at a cost to fitness. This phenomenon depends on essential amino acids (EAAs) and TOR signalling, but roles of specific tissues and downstream transcriptional regulators are poorly characterised. Manipulating relevant transcription factors (TFs) specifically in lifespan-limiting tissues may ameliorate ageing without costs of DR. Here we identify TFs which regulate the DR phenotype inDrosophila, analysing organs as an interacting system and reducing its transcriptional complexity by two orders of magnitude. Evolutionarily conserved GATA TFs are predicted to regulate the overlapping effects of DR and TOR on organs, and genetic analyses confirmed that these TFs interact with diet to determine lifespan. Importantly,Srpknockdown insulated fly lifespan from the pernicious effects of EAAs, but tissue-specific knockdown reduced the corrolary costs. These results provide the first indication that benefits of EAAs for early-life fitness can be decoupled from longevity by tissue-specific transcriptional reprogramming.
A high-quality reference panel reveals the complexity and distribution of structural genome changes in a human population
Authors: Hehir-Kwa Jayne Y. , Marschall Tobias , Kloosterman Wigard P. , Francioli Laurent C. , Baaijens Jasmijn A. , Dijkstra Louis J. , Abdellaoui Abdel , Koval Vyacheslav , Thung Djie Tjwan , Wardenaar René , Renkens Ivo , Coe Bradley P. , Deelen Patrick , de Ligt Joep , Lameijer Eric-Wubbo , van Dijk Freerk , Hormozdiari Fereydoun ,   The Genome of the Netherlands Consortium, Uitterlinden André G. , Eichler Evan E. , de Bakker Paul , Swertz Morris A. , Wijmenga Cisca , van Ommen Gert-Jan B. , Eline Slagboom P. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Schöenhuth Alexander , ye Kai , Guryev Victor 
Published: January 2016

AbstractStructural variation (SV) represents a major source of differences between individual human genomes and has been linked to disease phenotypes. However, the majority of studies provide neither a global view of the full spectrum of these variants nor integrate them into reference panels of genetic variation.Here, we analyse whole genome sequencing data of 769 individuals from 250 Dutch families, and provide a haplotype-resolved map of 1.9 million genome variants across 9 different variant classes, including novel forms of complex indels, and retrotransposition-mediated insertions of mobile elements and processed RNAs. A large proportion are previously under reported variants sized between 21 and 100bp. We detect 4 megabases of novel sequence, encoding 11 new transcripts. Finally, we show 191 known, trait-associated SNPs to be in strong linkage disequilibrium with SVs and demonstrate that our panel facilitates accurate imputation of SVs in unrelated individuals. Our findings are essential for genome-wide association studies.
Changes in bioactive components ofAristolochia tagala. Cham, a rare species of medicinal importance during itsin vitrodevelopment through direct regeneration
Authors: Remya M , Narmatha Bai V , Murugesan S , Mutharaian VN 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTissue culture propagation system was developed forAristolochia tagala, a threatened medicinal plant, using apical bud explants. The most effective medium was found to be MS medium supplemented with BAP (3 μM), KIN (0.5 μM) and activated charcoal (0.1%). The addition of activated charcoal helped in circumventing the problem of polyphenol exudation from the explants which hampered the regeneration of adventitious shoots. A maximum of 12.6 shoots were obtained on average from the apical bud explants after 25 days of inoculation. Well developed shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with indole acetic acid (1.5 μM), Kinetin (1.5 μM) and 6-benzylaminopurine (0.5 μM). Regenerated shoots from the apical buds were successfully rooted and acclimated to greenhouse conditions. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds was done at various stages of development, so as establish the effect of culture conditions on the production of bioactive components. Comparisons were made between three types of plant material from the same clone: leaves from field-grown plant, leaves fromin vitroapical bud cultures and leaf derived callus. It was observed that the leaf derived callus showed the presence of components which were not there in thein vivoleaves, suggesting the influence ofin vitrodevelopmental conditions.TagalaSummary StatementThis is the first report on direct regeneration ofAristolochia tagala, (a threatened yet important medicinal plant) using apical bud explants derived from mature plants. Also, for the very first time we report the results of analysis of secondary metabolites during its various stages ofin vitrodevelopment.AbbreviationsAC - activated charcoal; BAP – 6-benzylaminopurine; 2,4-D - 2,4- dichloro phenoxyacetic acid, IAA - indole acetic acid, IBA - indolebutyric acid, KIN- kinetin, MS- Murashige and Skoog (1962); NAA- α-naphthaleneacetic acid.