bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘A Realist Conceptual Methodology for Qualitative Educational Research: A Modest Proposal’
Authors: Lourie Megan , McPhail Graham 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article explains and illustrates an approach to the design of qualitative inquiry in education using a conceptual methodology informed by a realist ontology. It is written with research novices in mind, based on two observations we have made while supervising postgraduate students. The first is that the methodology literature education students often engage with tends to focus on interpretivist-constructivist approaches. The second observation is that it can be challenging for students to find appealing and accessible material which employs realist informed methodology. To counter this we offer a general introduction to undertaking educational research informed by a realist ontology drawing on a simplified account of critical realism (CR). We illustrate the key concepts of this approach using examples from postgraduate studies in education. It is our hope that this article may stimulate wider discussion about the possibilities, development, and use of realist approaches.
Not all that glitters is green: empirical evidence from the Eurostoxx600 on stakeholders’ perception of greenwashing
Authors: Bosone Costanza , Cerchiello Paola , Kostiuk Yana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Greenwashing refers to the deceptive practice where a company exaggerates or misrepresents the sustainability of its actions or projects. Given the ambiguity surrounding the methodologies behind conventional ratings, we enquire their robustness through the implementation of an alternative comprehensive measure entailing both internally disclosed and externally generated data. We address a notorious critique in greenwashing research—that the entire voluntary CSR approach inadvertently facilitates the diffusion of greenwashing. We make a unique contribution to the statistical methodology by breaking down the difference between internal and external perception of sustainability through regression analysis. We claim that only when the presence of CSR Committees is coupled with tangible initiatives boosting sustainability, both external and internal stakeholders are found to positively evaluate the sustainable commitment of a company.
Pharmacometrics-Enhanced Bayesian Borrowing for Pediatric Extrapolation – A Case Study of the DINAMO Trial
Authors: Sailer Martin Oliver , Neubacher Dietmar , Johnston Curtis , Rogers James , Wiens Matthew , Pérez-Pitarch Alejandro , Tartakovsky Igor , Marquard Jan , Laffel Lori M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBayesian borrowing analyses have an important role in the design and analysis of pediatric trials. This paper describes use of a prespecified Pharmacometrics Enhanced Bayesian Borrowing (PEBB) analysis that was conducted to overcome an expectation for reduced statistical power in the pediatric DINAMO trial due to a greater than expected variability in the primary endpoint. The DINAMO trial assessed the efficacy and safety of an empagliflozin dosing regimen versus placebo and linagliptin versus placebo on glycemic control (change in HbA1c over 26 weeks) in young people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Previously fitted pharmacokinetic and exposure-response models for empagliflozin and linagliptin based on available historical data in adult and pediatric patients with T2D were used to simulate participant data and derive the informative component of a Bayesian robust mixture prior distribution. External experts and representatives from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration provided recommendations to determine the effective sample size of the prior and the weight of the informative prior component. Separate exposure response-based Bayesian borrowing analyses for empagliflozin and linagliptin showed posterior mean and 95% credible intervals that were consistent with the trial results. Sensitivity analyses with a full range of alternative weights were also performed. The use of PEBB in this analysis combined advantages of mechanistic modeling of pharmacometric differences between adults and young people with T2D, with advantages of partial extrapolation through Bayesian dynamic borrowing. Our findings suggest that the described PEBB approach is a promising option to optimize the power for future pediatric trials.
Myricetin inhibits CYP3A4, GST, and MRP1 in hepatic cancer cells
Authors: Eid Safaa Yehia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHerbal and nutritional supplements are widely used to prevent and treat many diseases, including cancer. Tumor cells modify metabolic enzyme systems like CYP3A4 and GST. They also overexpress MRP1, an ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G (ABCG2) member. Drug efflux may increase, reducing tumor cell drug accumulation and developing drug resistance that leads to significant obstacles in cancer care. Natural products' ability to overcome cancer's multidrug resistance is interesting. Their ability to affect several targets makes them valuable in addressing drug resistance from diverse approaches. The potential of natural flavonoid; Myricetin (MYR) to modulate CYP3A4, GST, and MRP1 activity and expression in hepatic cancer cells was evaluated to prove its targeting and preventing these pathways of multidrug resistance. The cell proliferation of MYR was determined using an MTT assay. Specific enzyme assays, efflux assay, and gene expression using RT-PCR were used to evaluate MYR effect in hepatic cell lines HepG-2 and Huh-7. MYR has a noteworthy cytotoxic effect compared to doxorubicin (DOX) with IC50 > 100 μM in HepG-2 and Huh-7 cells. MYR showed potent inhibition of CYP3A4 and GST enzyme activity and MRP1 efflux function and downregulated their gene expression in a dose-dependent manner in both cells. MYR100 dose was the most significant effective dose. MRY100 decreased CYP3A4 activity by 67.5% (P < 0.05) and 55% (P < 0.01) and downregulated the gene by 0.2-fold (P < 0.001) and 0.3-fold (P < 0.001) in HepG-2 and Hub-7 cells, respectively. After treatment with MRY100, GST activity decreased significantly in both cells, reaching 47.6% (P < 0.001) and 33.2% and GST gene downregulation was 0.12 and 0.21-fold (P < 0.001). MRY100 inhibited MRP1 efflux pump 2.3 times (P < 0.001) and 1.9 times (P < 0.001) more effectively than PC, resulting in a 0.23-fold and 0.12-fold downregulation of MRP1 genes in HepG-2 and Hub-7 cells. The result will validate the use of MYR to interact with the metabolism phases and could be used as adjuvant therapy in cancer prevention and treatment approaches.
The LAB school project: a socio-ecological investigation into the intersection between literacy, the arts and wellbeing in a rural early years classroom setting
Authors: Barton Georgina , Fanshawe Melissa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study examined the piloting of a literacy, arts and wellbeing (LAB) project in a rural school in Queensland, Australia. The research involved a Year 1 class (n = 24) participating in co-designed lessons with their classroom teacher and two visiting researchers from a regional university. These lessons were developed with literacy learning outcomes, arts-based approaches and positive education components in mind. Lesson observations and artefacts were collected to understand the children’s participation and development of the learning objectives. In addition, teacher interviews and researcher reflections provided feedback about the approach’s effectiveness. Data were analysed using an arts-based social engagement model to improve health. Evidence from this case study showed that language and literacy learning outcomes and wellbeing were strongly developed through the LAB approaches. More research is needed to know if a whole school LAB approach would benefit children across other settings.
Demystifying Sovereignty: Totem and Taboo of Migration Control in International Law
Authors: Chetail Vincent 
Published: October 2024

“We all think about immigration . . . as the state asks us to think about it and, ultimately, as it thinks about it itself.” This aphorism of the sociologist Abdelmalek Sayad seems to speak to lawyers and, in particular, international lawyers who are accustomed to thinking of immigration as a mere question of sovereignty. I contend that this internalization of sovereignty by the legal profession is a pure mystification. I call for acknowledging the duality of sovereignty as a Janus with two faces. This metaphor illuminates the ontological ambivalence of the border that can be viewed as either a passage or a wall depending on the viewpoint.
Just who wanted dominion home rule?: ‘moderates’ and the Irish War of Independence
Authors: Morrissey Conor 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article discusses political ‘moderates’, those individuals who reacted to the turmoil of the War of Independence by coalescing around a vision of a dominion of Ireland within the British Empire, with appropriate safeguards for minorities. It will consider how reformist gentry, parliamentary and former unionist elements came together to bring about their preferred settlement. Through statistical examination of the membership of the Irish Dominion League, the leading moderate movement, it will establish the political backgrounds, religion and social class of supporters, and demonstrate the various means by which moderates worked as intermediaries between British forces and the rebels. Southern unionists made efforts to avoid working with moderates and to retain a distinct political identity, and, ultimately, divisions within the movement, and the changing structure of Irish politics, inhibited the creation of an effective moderate party.
State formation, diplomacy and sport: the British Empire Games, Ireland and Northern Ireland, 1930–38
Authors: Liston Katie , Maguire Joseph 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper considers the interconnected practices of state formation, diplomacy, national identity and sport through an examination of ‘Irish’ involvement in the British Empire Games of 1930, 1934 and 1938. These events had a contradictory role in bolstering diplomatic relations between those who were committed to the empire but also in expressing the aspirations of those who sought independence from it, or a distinct identity within it. State formation and diplomacy played out in sporting contexts — which we term sportcraft — and this process was especially complex in post-partition Ireland. In the period under examination, a gradual but significant hardening of ideologies and identities occurred in certain sports on the island, notably athletics, mirroring the effects of partition and reflecting British and unionist political actions and sportive interests. Original archival and documentary material is presented from state archives in Dublin, London, Belfast and Ottawa, and from official sports collections in Birmingham, London, Stirling, Melbourne (Australia), Hamilton (Canada) and Lausanne (Switzerland). This demonstrates that by the early 1920s, government officials and sports administrators had already recognised the propaganda functions and utility of sport for state formation purposes and for issues of political control, jurisdiction and territorial boundaries.
The Stauntons of Galway in China: Irish Catholic networks and the expansion of the British Empire in Asia
Authors: Harrison Henrietta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGeorge Leonard Staunton, who travelled on the first British embassy to China in 1793, and his son George Thomas Staunton, who translated the Chinese legal code into English, are well-known figures in the history of China. Their British identity was constructed by George Thomas to conceal the family's Irish Catholic background, but in fact George Leonard used that background for the benefit of an imperial career that propelled him from Galway to the West Indies, India and, finally, China. It enabled him to win the support of the papacy for the British embassy to China, and his son to learn Chinese and make a career as a merchant and translator. Their story shows some of the mechanisms that connected the nineteenth-century British Empire in Asia to the Catholic Church which had been the great global institution of the early modern age. Moreover, a distinctively Irish concern with property law can be seen to have influenced George Thomas's great work on Chinese law. The Stauntons’ imperial careers made the family wealthy and much of this wealth came back to County Galway.
Modeling of multicomponent adsorption equilibria of phenol and ciprofloxacin on pristine, acid-modified and thermo-oxidatively-aged polyethylene terephthalate microplastics
Authors: Enyoh Christian Ebere , Qingyue Wang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Multicomponent systems are representative of the most common real situations as many industrial discharges contain a mixture of several pollutants. This study examines the concurrent adsorption of phenol (PHE) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) onto three types of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (PET MPs): pristine, acid-modified, and thermal-oxidatively aged. Using extended Langmuir (EL), extended Freundlich (EF) isotherms, and a new artificial neural network (ANN) model, equilibrium adsorption capacities were predicted. The EL isotherm fit for pristine and aged PET MPs, while EF fit for modified PET MPs. Monolayer adsorption capacities ranged from 342.10–3715.73 mg/g for PHE and 2518.23–14498.79 mg/g for CIP, exceeding single-component adsorption. The ANN model used one hidden layer with 3 neurons for pristine and aged PET MPs, and 2 hidden layers with five neurons for modified PET MPs, with a hyperbolic tangent activation function. Models showed excellent performance metrics, including R2 values of 0.989–0.999, RMSE of 0.001–0.413, and AAE of 0.009–0.327. Synergistic interactions were observed in the binary system, with PET MPs showing higher selectivity toward CIP. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of PET MPs for binary adsorption of PHE and CIP in aqueous solutions, highlighting their potential for multicomponent pollutant removal.
Race and Populism. A Comparative Study of Thatcherism, Peronism and the American Populists
Authors: Carreira da Silva Filipe , Brito Vieira Mónica 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article re-examines the race-populism nexus. It asks: Does populist political construction of the figure of “the people” necessarily involve processes of racial othering? We answer this question by revisiting three emblematic cases of populism. Each historical case illustrates a basic type of identity formation that can have an i) exclusionary, ii) ambivalent or iii) positive impact on racial justice. The first case is Thatcherism, whose “authoritarian populism” feeds on and reinforces anti-Black racial prejudice. The second is Peronism, which has an ambivalent relationship with race that promises to shed important new light on this classic case of populism. The third case is that of the American Populists, whose pioneering experiments in interracial politics remain an enduring illustration of populism’s progressive potential. In each case, we focus on a key document from that political regime/movement: the Conservative Manifesto of 1979, the Peronist Constitution of 1949, and the Omaha Platform of 1892. The article concludes that populism, as a logic of action, acts as a catalyst that intensifies whatever specific content is mobilised – racist and anti-racist content alike.
Guess who arrived in the western tropical Atlantic? Microcosmus squamiger (Ascidiacea: Pyuridae) records on the Brazilian coast
Authors: Silva Paulo Cezar Azevedo , Skinner Luis Felipe , Rocha Rosana Moreira 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Microcosmus squamiger, an ascidian with high invasion potential, is recorded for the first time in the Brazilian western Atlantic, between Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo. The species was found near ports and marinas, and its introduction may have been favoured by intense nautical activity and climatic events such as La Niña. Coexistence with Microcosmus exasperatus, a morphologically similar species, was observed in all localities where M. squamiger was recorded. This discovery implies that a more rigorous process of species identification is necessary during monitoring activities, given that both species can be easily confused (only the syphon spinules differentiate them) and M. exasperatus is widely distributed with collection records dating back more than half a century on the Brazilian coast. The preference of M. squamiger for colder waters suggests that researchers in the Southeast and South Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina should closely monitor the arrival and possible environmental impacts of this species. The identification of M. squamiger in locations close to bivalve mariculture areas in Rio de Janeiro raises concern, as the species has the potential to compete with bivalves. This study highlights the importance of continuing to monitor the potential spread and the implications of the introduction of M. squamiger into Brazilian waters, as well as its relationship with M. exasperatus, a species already established in this same region.
First record of Stygiomedusa gigantea (Discomedusae: Ulmaridae) from Southern Africa, with a comment on scyphozoan distribution
Authors: Gibbons Mark J. , Maletzky Erich , Kalwenya Lessyn 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A single Stygiomedusa gigantea was caught by demersal crab trawl off Namibia at a fishing depth of 750 m. Although widely considered to be globally distributed in meso- and bathy-pelagic waters, this represents the first record of the species from the SE Atlantic and only the second from around Africa. The photographed specimen differs slightly from previous observations and attention is drawn to accurately recording future material.
Refuelling the Cold War: The China factor in the United States and Japan’s pursuit of economic détente with the USSR, 1972–1980
Authors: Wu Bohao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article evaluates China’s influence on the making and unmaking of economic détente in the 1970s. Utilizing recently declassified documents in Japan, the United States, and China, this article demonstrates that Chinese officials used both diplomatic and commercial means to influence their Japanese and American counterparts to prevent them from developing economic relations with the Soviet Union. During this process, Japanese and American industrialists had to carefully weigh up their participation in governments’ geopolitical schemes when pursuing business opportunities in the two socialist countries. This cautious attitude led to shifting dynamics in economic détente and varying outcomes for development projects. Chinese activism also prompted changes in Japan and the United States when decision-makers sought to benefit from the Sino-Soviet confrontation and maximize their economic and geopolitical gains. This article, therefore, features economic détente as a dynamic, multilateral process and emphasizes that the volatile geopolitics in Northeast Asia played a crucial role in ending détente and redrew the global Cold War to carry stronger economic overtones.
Lagged effects of childhood depressive symptoms on adult epigenetic aging
Authors: Han Laura K. M. , Aghajani Moji , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Copeland William E. , Aberg Karolina A. , van den Oord Edwin J. C. G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundCross-sectional studies have identified health risks associated with epigenetic aging. However, it is unclear whether these risks make epigenetic clocks ‘tick faster’ (i.e. accelerate biological aging). The current study examines concurrent and lagged within-person changes of a variety of health risks associated with epigenetic aging.MethodsIndividuals from the Great Smoky Mountains Study were followed from age 9 to 35 years. DNA methylation profiles were assessed from blood, at multiple timepoints (i.e. waves) for each individual. Health risks were psychiatric, lifestyle, and adversity factors. Concurrent (N = 539 individuals; 1029 assessments) and lagged (N = 380 individuals; 760 assessments) analyses were used to determine the link between health risks and epigenetic aging.ResultsConcurrent models showed that BMI (r = 0.15, PFDR < 0.01) was significantly correlated to epigenetic aging at the subject-level but not wave-level. Lagged models demonstrated that depressive symptoms (b = 1.67 months per symptom, PFDR = 0.02) in adolescence accelerated epigenetic aging in adulthood, also when models were fully adjusted for BMI, smoking, and cannabis and alcohol use.ConclusionsWithin-persons, changes in health risks were unaccompanied by concurrent changes in epigenetic aging, suggesting that it is unlikely for risks to immediately ‘accelerate’ epigenetic aging. However, time lagged analyses indicated that depressive symptoms in childhood/adolescence predicted epigenetic aging in adulthood. Together, findings suggest that age-related biological embedding of depressive symptoms is not instant but provides prognostic opportunities. Repeated measurements and longer follow-up times are needed to examine stable and dynamic contributions of childhood experiences to epigenetic aging across the lifespan.
Urban water footprint in Mashhad, Iran’s second largest city
Authors: Kolahi Mahdi , Sharifi Zeinab , Heydari Saeideh , Ansari Mina 
Published: October 2024

SummaryThe water footprint (WF) is a metric used to quantify the total volume of fresh water consumed directly and indirectly by individuals and communities; it helps to inform responses to global challenges such as water scarcity, climate change and sustainable water management. This study assessed virtual (VWF), direct (DWF) and total (TWF) water footprints in Mashhad, Iran’s second largest city. Data collected from 382 households showed that the average individual VWF was 1314 m3 per month, the average individual DWF was 228 m3 per month and the average individual TWF was 1538 m3 per month. Additionally, key consumption patterns were identified, with rice and bread emerging as the most consumed items and vegetables as the least consumed. Over a 5-year period, direct water use declined. Significant correlations emerged between family size, annual cost and VWF and TWF, yet no association was found between age and the WFs. There were income-based disparities in VWF and TWF but no differences across education levels in terms of DWF, VWF and TWF. These findings offer crucial insights for policymakers and water authorities in formulating effective water-saving policies to address pressing environmental concerns.