bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary loss of light‐harvesting proteins Lhcb6 and Lhcb3 in major land plant groups – break‐up of current dogma
Authors: Kouřil Roman , Nosek Lukáš , Bartoš Jan , Boekema Egbert J. , Ilík Petr 
Published: March 2016

Summary

Photosynthesis in plants and algae relies on the coordinated function of photosystems (PS) I and II. Their efficiency is augmented by finely‐tuned light‐harvesting proteins (Lhcs) connected to them. The most recent Lhcs (in evolutionary terms), Lhcb6 and Lhcb3, evolved during the transition of plants from water to land and have so far been considered to be an essential characteristic of land plants.

We used single particle electron microscopy and sequence analysis to study architecture and composition of PSII supercomplex from Norway spruce and related species.

We have found that there are major land plant families that lack functional lhcb6 and lhcb3 genes, which notably changes the organization of PSII supercomplexes. The Lhcb6 and Lhcb3 proteins have been lost in the gymnosperm genera Picea and Pinus (family Pinaceae) and Gnetum (Gnetales). We also revealed that the absence of these proteins in Norway spruce modifies the PSII supercomplex in such a way that it resembles its counterpart in the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, an evolutionarily older organism.

Our results break a deep‐rooted concept of Lhcb6 and Lhcb3 proteins being the essential characteristic of land plants, and beg the question of what the evolutionary benefit of their loss could be.
Gender (in)equality contested: externalising employment in the construction industry
Authors: Olofsdotter Gunilla , Rasmusson Maria 
Published: March 2016

In construction and engineering, workers from different organisations work together, often on a project‐by‐project basis. Drawing on the theoretical framework of inequality regimes as presented by Acker (2006a), and the externalisation of employment relations presented by Kalleberg et al. (2003), this article investigates the gendered implications of the externalisation of technological work in the construction industry. The empirical material is based upon interviews and a questionnaire answered by regular employees, contracted staff and independent contractors working in the construction industry. The data reveal how non‐standard employments are parts of the organising processes that produce gendered inequalities between core and peripheral workers. This finding does not suggest that peripheral work indicates poor working conditions, to be more precise, peripheral workers can be in the most privileged positions.
Management of iron overload before, during, and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for thalassemia major
Authors: Angelucci Emanuele , Pilo Federica 
Published: March 2016

Solid evidence has established the negative impact of high iron burden and related tissue damage on the outcome of hemopoietic stem cell transplantation for thalassemia major. Recent improvements in our knowledge of iron metabolism have been focused on elevated non‐transferrin‐bound iron and labile plasma iron levels in the peritransplantation period as potential contributors to tissue toxicity and subsequent adverse transplant outcome. As mouse models have shown, iron overload can injure bone marrow hematopoiesis by increasing reactive oxygen species. The Pesaro experience, conducted in the deferoxamine‐only era, clearly defined three iron‐related factors (liver fibrosis, hepatomegaly, and quality of lifelong chelation) as significantly affecting transplant outcome. The detrimental effect of iron has only been clarified in recent years. Active interventional strategies are ongoing. Although successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation clinically resolves the thalassemia marrow defect, patients still remain carriers of iron overload and of all the clinical complications acquired during prior years of transfusion therapy. Therefore, adequate “iron diagnosis” and management is mandatory after hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. In transplanted thalassemia patients, body iron should be returned to within the normal range. Phlebotomy is the gold standard to reduce iron burden; though deferoxamine is a proven, acceptable alternative, clinical investigations on deferasirox are ongoing.
Genetic associations of the response to inhaled corticosteroids in children during an asthma exacerbation
Authors: Keskin Ozlem , Uluca Ünal , Birben Esra , Coşkun Yavuz , Ozkars Mehmet Yasar , Keskin Mehmet , Kucukosmanoglu Ercan , Kalayci Omer 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundGenetic associations of the response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) during an asthma exacerbation are unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of genetic variants in the therapeutic response to high‐dose ICS in children with moderate‐to‐severe asthma exacerbations.MethodsEighty‐two children (56 boys/26 girls, mean age 9.6 ± 3.2 years) with moderate–severe asthma exacerbation were genotyped for eight single‐nucleotide polymorphisms that were a priori associated with ICS response in chronic asthma treatment: glucocorticosteroid receptor (NR3C1) rs41423247; corticotrophin‐releasing hormone receptor1 (CRHR1) rs242939, rs242941, and rs1876828; T‐box 21 (TBX21) rs2240017; glucocorticoid‐induced transcript 1 (GLCCl1); and T gene rs3099266 and rs2305089. Children were treated with a single high‐dose (4000 μg) fluticasone propionate given by a nebulizer followed by 1000 μg/day of inhaled fluticasone propionate for 6 days. Primary outcome measure was the improvement in FEV1 at 4 h.ResultsMean FEV1 was 71.7 ± 14.2% at presentation. Overall, fluticasone treatment resulted in a significant improvement in asthma score and FEV1 (p < 0.0001 for both). Children with the GG genotype at NR3C1 rs41423247 (n = 26) had a higher improvement in FEV1 [24.2% (interquartile range 11.5–36.3)] compared to those with CG+CC (n = 19), [7.9% (interquartile range 6.1–24.6) (p = 0.006)].ConclusionHomozygosity for the G allele at rs41423247 of the glucocorticosteroid receptor (NR3C1) gene is associated with a higher improvement in FEV1 at 4 h in children with moderate‐to‐severe asthma exacerbation treated with high‐dose ICS. This observation may have important clinical implications especially for children who use systemic steroids frequently for recurrent asthma exacerbations.
Nanoparticle‐based measurements of pH and O2 dynamics in the rhizosphere of Zostera marina L.: effects of temperature elevation and light‐dark transitions
Authors: Elgetti Brodersen Kasper , Koren Klaus , Lichtenberg Mads , Kühl Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSeagrasses can modulate the geochemical conditions in their immediate rhizosphere through the release of chemical compounds from their below‐ground tissue. This is a vital chemical defence mechanism, whereby the plants detoxify the surrounding sediment.Using novel nanoparticle‐based optical O2 and pH sensors incorporated in reduced and transparent artificial sediment, we investigated the spatio‐temporal dynamics of pH and O2 within the entire rhizosphere of Zostera marina L. during experimental manipulations of light and temperature. We combined such measurements with O2 microsensor measurements of the photosynthetic productivity and respiration of seagrass leaves.We found pronounced pH and O2 microheterogeneity within the immediate rhizosphere of Z. marina, with higher below‐ground tissue oxidation capability and rhizoplane pH levels during both light exposure of the leaf canopy and elevated temperature, where the temperature‐mediated stimuli of biogeochemical processes seemed to predominate. Low rhizosphere pH microenvironments appeared to correlate with plant‐derived oxic microzones stimulating local sulphide oxidation and thus driving local proton generation, although the rhizoplane pH levels generally where much higher than the bulk sediment pH.Our data show that Z. marina can actively alter its rhizosphere pH microenvironment alleviating the local H2S toxicity and enhancing nutrient availability in the adjacent sediment via geochemical speciation shift.
Psychodermatologic Effects of Atopic Dermatitis and Acne: A Review on Self‐Esteem and Identity
Authors: Nguyen Catherine M. , Koo John , Cordoro Kelly M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) and acne vulgaris are among the most‐prevalent skin diseases in children. Both have been well documented in the literature to have significant negative effects on quality of life. Herein, we discuss the results of a comprehensive literature review aimed at assessing the impact of acne and AD on self‐esteem and identity. We highlight clinical tools for their assessment and offer coping strategies for patients and families. Multiple factors including relationships with parents and classmates, sports participation, and the sex of the patient contribute to the development of self‐esteem and identity in individuals with AD and acne. Atopic dermatitis was found to have significant behavioral effects on children, ultimately resulting in a lack of opportunity to develop proper coping. AD had a more‐prominent role in identity formation and gender roles in girls. Acne vulgaris was found to have a more direct effect on self‐esteem, self‐confidence and identity, especially in girls. The Cutaneous Body Image Scale is reviewed and offered as an easy and reliable tool to evaluate a patient's mental perception of the appearance of their skin. Coping strategies that may be offered to patients and families include empowerment and cognitive adaptation.
Anti‐Tumor Necrosis Factor α–Related Psoriatic Lesions in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Case Report and Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Romiti Ricardo , Araujo Karin Milleni , Steinwurz Flavio , Denadai Rafael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe report a child with Crohn's disease and infliximab‐induced guttate psoriasis. We also performed a systematic literature review on this intriguing paradoxical phenomenon in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
Association Between Discoid Lupus Erythematosus and Chronic Granulomatous Disease—Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Xie Charles , Cole Theresa , McLean Catriona , Su John C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDiscoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is known to be associated with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), but most DLE occurs in female carriers of X‐linked CGD, with few reports of these lesions in CGD‐affected individuals—this observation is unexplained. We describe two cases of DLE‐like lesions in boys with CGD: one boy with partial neutrophil function and another whose lesions were related to voriconazole use. Reviewing other previously reported cases, we conclude that the risk of developing DLE‐like lesions appears to be greater primarily in two subsets of the population with CGD: those with partial neutrophil function and those with near‐absent neutrophil function in whom there is a second trigger. In light of recent literature on the role of neutrophils in lupus pathogenesis, we propose that pathogenesis of DLE in CGD may be related to NETosis, neutrophil dysfunction and a deficiency of reactive oxygen species, which medications such as voriconazole also influence.
Paratacamite from Gypsum Veins in Sandstones of the Kuqa Basin, Xinjiang, China: Implications for a New Epigenetic Cu Enrichment Mechanism
Authors: Cao Yangtong , Liu Chenglin , Jiao Pengcheng , Wang Chunlian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Kuqa Basin filled with Paleogene evaporite series is located in the northeast of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China. It is famous for sandstone‐hosted Cu deposits formed by synsedimentary processes. However, our recent studies reveal that there has been another Cu mineralization mechanism in this basin. Field investigations show that there is a close relationship among faults, salt domes, and brine. Cu deposits are mainly located in two east–west‐trending anticlinal belts in the basin, adjacent to salt domes in the belts. Cu minerals in gypsum veins of the Jidike and Kangcun formations have been investigated by SEM, EDS, and X‐ray diffraction methods. The occurrence of paratacamite in gypsum veins has been reported to coexist with glauberite and halite in the joint planes of sandstones. In addition, it occurs accompanying residual crystal salt encrustation in limestone fractures, or in sandstones in dendritic form. These features indicate that the surface‐Cu enrichment in the Kuqa Basin might have originated from Cu‐bearing brine in the underlying evaporite units, which migrated upward along fractures. In addition, the presence of H2S in the east–west fault belt in the Kuqa Basin, and the discovery of surface sulfur, calcium carbonate, and covellite, suggest thermochemical sulfate reduction near salt domes in the deeper parts of the rock units. This process resulted in the generation of reduced brine and provided a favorable environment for Cu enrichment. Therefore, the surface‐Cu mineralization near salt domes is interpreted to be the result of Cu‐bearing brine migrating upward to the surface along faults (or joints) following the intrusion of deep salt domes. The geological evidence indicates the presence of reducing brine and Cu‐bearing brine near the salt dome in the deeper rocks of the Kuqa Basin, thus making the intrusive contact zone of the salt dome a favorable site for the epigenetic enrichment of Cu. Our study demonstrates that Cu enrichment in the Kuqa Basin resulted not only from synsedimentary deposition but also through epigenetic enrichment associated with salt dome intrusion and brine‐rich fluids.
In kidney transplant recipients with BK polyomavirus infection, early BK nephropathy, microvascular inflammation, and serum creatinine are risk factors for graft loss
Authors: Mohamed M. , Parajuli S. , Muth B. , Astor B.C. , Panzer S.E. , Mandelbrot D. , Zhong W. , Djamali A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundLittle information is available on the risk factors for graft loss in kidney transplant recipients with BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) nephropathy (BKVN) in the presence or absence of antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR).MethodsWe examined the risk factors for graft loss in consecutive kidney allograft recipients with biopsy‐confirmed BKVN, with or without concomitant AMR.ResultsA total of 1904 kidney transplants were performed at our institution during 2005–2011. Of these, 330 (17.33%) were diagnosed with BKPyV viremia, and 69 were diagnosed with BKVN (3.6%). Eleven patients had a concomitant diagnosis of AMR. Patients with AMR were characterized by significantly higher peak panel‐reactive antibody, retransplant rates, and desensitization preconditioning at the time of transplantation, as well as microvascular inflammation (MVI = glomerulitis + peritubular capillaritis), C4d score, and donor‐specific antibody at the time of diagnosis (P ≤ 0.01). Treatment with plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, and cidofovir was more prevalent in this group (P ≤ 0.02). Univariate analyses assessing the risk factors for graft loss in all patients with BKVN, identified an independent association of African‐American race, deceased‐donor transplantation, serum creatinine (Scr), MVI, and early disease (BKVN within 6 months of transplant) with poor outcomes. Multivariate analyses retained only 3 variables: Scr >2 mg/dL (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9–9.7, P = 0.0004), early BKVN (HR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.3–5.3, P = 0.004), and MVI (HR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.8, P = 0.008).ConclusionsThese observations suggest that, in patients with BK infection, early BKVN, Scr >2, and MVI are predictors of poor outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine effective treatment strategies for BKVN, with or without AMR.
Synthetic redesign of plant lipid metabolism
Authors: Haslam Richard P. , Sayanova Olga , Kim Hae Jin , Cahoon Edgar B. , Napier Johnathan A. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryPlant seed lipid metabolism is an area of intensive research, including many examples of transgenic events in which oil composition has been modified. In the selected examples described in this review, progress towards the predictive manipulation of metabolism and the reconstitution of desired traits in a non‐native host is considered. The advantages of a particular oilseed crop, Camelina sativa, as a flexible and utilitarian chassis for advanced metabolic engineering and applied synthetic biology are considered, as are the issues that still represent gaps in our ability to predictably alter plant lipid biosynthesis. Opportunities to deliver useful bio‐based products via transgenic plants are described, some of which represent the most complex genetic engineering in plants to date. Future prospects are considered, with a focus on the desire to transition to more (computationally) directed manipulations of metabolism.
Bioenergetic profiling of platelet mitochondria during storage: 4°C storage extends platelet mitochondrial function and viability
Authors: Bynum James A. , Adam Meledeo M. , Getz Todd M. , Rodriguez Armando C. , Aden James K. , Cap Andrew P. , Pidcoke Heather F. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDPlatelets (PLTs) are stored at room temperature (RT) to preserve in vivo circulation time, but PLT quality is degraded. The PLT storage lesion is mitigated by refrigeration, but questions remain regarding effects of cold storage (4°C) on mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation may adversely affect PLT function and viability during storage, and refrigeration may mitigate these effects.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPLTs were stored under two temperature conditions (RT, 20‐24°C; or 4°C, 1‐6°C) and four storage durations (baseline [BL] and Days 3, 5, and 7). Mitochondrial respiration and maximal oxygen utilization were assessed with high‐resolution respirometry. Mitochondrial ROS generation was assessed using a superoxide stain. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) was performed at BL and on Day 5 to assess PLT function. Collagen‐induced PLT aggregation was measured by impedance aggregometry.RESULTSMitochondrial ROS in 4°C‐stored samples were lower compared to RT and retained a greater capacity to generate ROS after activation. Mitochondrial respiration and maximal mitochondrial utilization was conserved in PLTs stored at 4°C. ROTEM data demonstrated that net maximum clot firmness was higher in 4°C samples compared to RT and prevented fibrinolysis. The aggregation response to collagen was preserved in the 4°C samples versus RT‐stored PLTs. Aggregation impairment correlated well with attenuated mitochondrial respiration and elevated production of intracellular mitochondrial ROS in the RT PLTs.CONCLUSIONMitochondrial damage and ROS production may contribute to loss of PLT viability during storage, whereas cold storage is known to preserve PLT function. Here we demonstrate that 4°C storage results in less oxidant stress and preserves mitochondrial function and potential compared to RT.
Platelets regulate vascular endothelial stability: assessing the storage lesion and donor variability of apheresis platelets
Authors: Baimukanova Gyulnar , Miyazawa Byron , Potter Daniel R. , Muench Marcus O. , Bruhn Roberta , Gibb Stuart L. , Spinella Philip C. , Cap Andrew P. , Cohen Mitchell J. , Pati Shibani 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDIn current blood banking practices, platelets (PLTs) are stored in plasma at 22°C, with gentle agitation for up to 5 days. To date, the effects of storage and donor variability on PLT regulation of vascular integrity are not known.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn this study, we examined the donor variability of leukoreduced fresh (Day 1) or stored (Day 5) PLTs on vascular endothelial barrier function in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, PLT effects on endothelial cell (EC) monolayer permeability were assessed by analyzing transendothelial electrical resistances (TEER). PLT aggregation, a measure of hemostatic potential, was analyzed by impedance aggregometry. In vivo, PLTs were investigated in a vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A)‐induced vascular permeability model in NSG mice, and PLT circulation was measured by flow cytometry.RESULTSTreatment of endothelial monolayers with fresh Day 1 PLTs resulted in an increase in EC barrier resistance and decreased permeability in a dose‐dependent manner. Subsequent treatment of EC monolayers with Day 5 PLTs demonstrated diminished vasculoprotective effects. Donor variability was noted in all measures of PLT function. Day 1 PLT donors were more variable in their effects on TEER than Day 5 PLTs. In mice, while all PLTs regardless of storage time demonstrated significant protection against VEGF‐A–induced vascular leakage, Day 5 PLTs exhibited reduced protection when compared to Day 1 PLTs. Day 1 PLTs demonstrated significant donor variability against VEGF‐A–challenged vascular leakage in vivo. Systemic circulating levels of Day 1 PLTs were higher than those of Day 5 PLTsCONCLUSIONSIn vitro and in vivo, Day 1 PLTs are protective in measures of vascular endothelial permeability. Donor variability is most prominent in Day 1 PLTs. A decrease in the protective effects is found with storage of the PLT units between Day 1 and Day 5 at 22°C, thereby suggesting that Day 5 PLTs are diminished in their ability to attenuate vascular endothelial permeability.
Has China Displaced its Competitors in High‐tech Trade?
Authors: Pham Cong S. , Nguyen Xuan , Sgro Pasquale , Tang Xueli 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper empirically investigated the extent to which China displaced its competitors in high‐tech exports using disaggregated data for the period 1992–2013. To address the endogeneity problem, we used a comprehensive set of instruments for Chinese high‐tech exports in relevant markets, including China's GDP and distances to those markets. Results of our IV regressions revealed that in most of the high‐tech sectors, Chinese exports had displaced the exports of its developing competitors such as India, South American exporters like Brazil and Mexico, and South‐East Asian countries like Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, especially in the period prior to the 2007–08 global financial crisis. Yet, Chinese exports had been associated with more high‐tech exports of developed exporters like OECD countries, South Korea and Japan. Our findings suggest that while China became the world's top high‐tech exporter, its high‐tech exported products had been substitutes to those of other developing and emerging economies but complementary to that of developed economies.