bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI Signal Intensity Classification in Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Authors: Ito Kenyu , Imagama Shiro , Ito Keigo , Ito Zenya , Ando Kei , Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Hida Tetsuro , Tsushima Mikito , Ishikawa Yoshimoto , Matsumoto Akiyuki , Machino Masaaki , Nishida Yoshihiro , Ishiguro Naoki , Kato Fumihiko 
Published: May 2016

Study Design.
Prospective cohort study.

Objective.
To investigate whether classification of increased signal intensity (ISI) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spinal cord in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (C-OPLL) reflects severity of myelopathy and surgical outcome.

Summary of Background Data.
The relationship between classification of ISI on C-OPLL and severity is unknown.

Methods.
The 119 consecutive patients (91 men, 28 women) with C-OPLL who underwent surgery were enrolled. T2-weighted MRI was performed before surgery and ISI was classified into three groups as follows, Grade 0, none; Grade 1, light (obscure); and Grade 2, intense (bright). The severity of myelopathy and surgical outcome were evaluated by the Japanese Orthopedic Association score. To determine factors that influence ISI, the change of the spinal cord cross-sectional area (SCA) during flexion and extension was calculated by computed tomography after myelography.

Results.
The preoperative MRI showed 55 patients in Grade 0, 46 patients in Grade 1, and 18 patients in Grade 2. The preoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association score (Grade 0, 11.2; Grade 1, 10.3; Grade 2, 9.6 points) and surgical outcome got worsened with increasing ISI grade. The patients in Grade 2 had a longer duration of disease, while those in Grade 1 and Grade 2 had a larger change of SCA during flexion and extension (Grade 0, 4.8 mm2; Grade 1, 7.3 mm2; Grade 2, 7.8 mm2). However age, alignment of the cervical spine, range of motion, and occupying ratio of the ossification were not different in the three grades.

Conclusion.
Grade of ISI correlated with preoperative severity of myelopathy and surgical outcome in patients with C-OPLL. Increased signal intensity of the spinal cord on MRI was associated with a larger change in SCA and longer duration of disease.

Level of Evidence: 3
Alternative Method to Remove Polyethylene Liner from INBONE Total Ankle Arthroplasty: Operative Technique
Authors: Neumann Julie A. , Schiff Adam P. , Wooster Benjamin M. , Adams Samuel B. , Easley Mark E. 
Published: May 2016

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is an evolving treatment indicated in end-stage idiopathic, posttraumatic, or inflammatory ankle arthrosis. Currently, there are 4 Food and Drug Administration approved TAAs systems available in the United States, one of which is the INBONE TAA. The INBONE TAA is a third generation ankle implant that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration since 2005. It is a modular, fixed-bearing system that utilizes a drill hole through the calcaneus and talus to align the components. Over the past 10 years, there has been a steady increase in the number of TAAs performed in the United States. Undoubtedly, with the increase in the number of INBONE TAA being placed, the number of revision INBONE TAA will increase as well. Revisions may range from a simple polyethylene liner exchange to revision of all 3 components. In most revision scenarios, the polyethylene component will need to be removed. To our knowledge, the only described technique to remove the polyethylene component is in the INBONE TAA operative technique guide, which is technically challenging. Consequently, we developed a more efficient and technically easier method to remove the polyethylene component of the INBONE TAA.
Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level 5. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet Laser Treatment of Pediatric Venous Malformation in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Mungnirandr Akkrapol , Nuntasunti Wasun , Manuskiatti Woraphong 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND
Treatment of venous malformations in the orofacial region remains a challenge. Laser therapy is an alternative treatment in inoperable cases.

OBJECTIVE
To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness and complications associated with neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser treatment of oral venous malformations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 10 children (mean age: 7.3 years; range: 10 months-15 years) with oral venous malformation were treated with Nd:YAG laser during 2005 to 2013. Clinical improvement, including degree of color lightening and size reduction, and treatment complications, including dyspigmentation, textural change, and scarring were evaluated.

RESULTS
Color clearing of 51% to 75% and >75% was seen in 25% and 45% of patients, respectively. Size reduction of 25% to 50%, 51% to 75%, and >75% was observed in 30%, 15%, and 45% of patients, respectively. Mild and moderate scarring was observed in 15% and 5% of cases, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Nd:YAG laser is a promising alternative treatment in pediatric patients with inoperable venous malformations in the oral cavity. Mild to moderate scarring was the most common complication.
Scalp Basal Cell Carcinoma: Review of 2,202 Cases
Authors: Cho Matthew , Lee Jaein , James Craig L. , Marshman Gillian , Huilgol Shyamala C. 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND
Increases in the incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in women, younger age groups and in aggressive scalp subtypes in younger women have been reported.

OBJECTIVE
To describe lesion and patient characteristics in scalp BCC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Retrospective audit of scalp BCCs from 3 pathology laboratories in Adelaide, South Australia, January 2009–December 2013.

RESULTS
Scalp BCC was 2.6% of all BCC. Of 2,202 patients with scalp BCC, 62% were male and 78% were >60 years. Histologic subtypes included nodular (55%), mixed (30%), and superficial (8%). The concordance between biopsy and excision was 83% for division into nonaggressive and aggressive subtypes. The incomplete excision rate was 16%. Aggressive subtypes were larger and had perineural invasion (PNI) in 8.5% and incomplete excision in 26%.

CONCLUSION
Basal cell carcinoma on the scalp was less common. Men and the elderly had the majority of cases, with no predilection for women, including aggressive histologic subtypes in younger women. Aggressive subtypes were associated with increased size, incomplete excision, and PNI. A preliminary biopsy assisted division into aggressive and nonaggressive histologic subtypes. Incomplete excision rates were higher and increased in aggressive histologic subtypes and PNI. Mohs surgery or wider margins are suggested in these cases.
Avoiding Breast Animation Deformity with Pectoralis-Sparing Subcutaneous Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Kobraei Edward M. , Cauley Ryan , Gadd Michele , Austen William G. , Liao Eric C. 
Published: May 2016

Summary:
There is renewed interest in sparing the pectoralis major muscle in implant breast reconstruction, placing the implant in the subcutaneous position. This advance is made reliable by improvements in mastectomy skin flap quality, evolution of technique, and increased awareness of breast animation deformity. This retrospective review presents 13 patients (23 breasts) reconstructed immediately with placing the definitive implant in the subcutaneous space without disruption of the underlying chest muscles. None of the 13 patients had breast animation deformity postoperatively. One patient experienced an early hematoma, and 3 patients had small seromas that resolved uneventfully. One morbidly obese patient undergoing chemotherapy using a nearby chest port experienced infection requiring implant removal. This study describes an early experience, demonstrates feasibility, and discusses patient selection considerations that are important because we continue to evolve breast reconstruction approaches.
Retroseptal Transconjunctival Approach for Blowout Fracture of the Orbital Floor: An Ideal Choice in East-Asian Patients
Authors: Uemura Tetsuji , Chuman Takahiro , Fujii Tatsuya , Morikawa Aya , Kikuchi Mamoru , Watanabe Hidetaka 
Published: May 2016

Objective:
To ask experts in the field to evaluate a surgeon’s experience with a retroseptal transconjunctival approach for the repair of the orbital floor damaged by blowout fracture that the surgeon encountered in 12 East-Asian patients.

Methods:
Patients were identified from a database, and a retrospective case note review was conducted. A total of 12 conjunctival procedures were conducted for the repair of blowout fracture with no other complicating fractures. All operative procedures were done by transconjunctival approach alone without lateral canthotomy or any other additional approach.

Results:
The repair of the orbital floor was successful in all the cases. Three patients had bone grafting to the orbital floor after reduction. The mean of overall surgical time was 48.8 minutes (range, 22–85 minutes) for orbit exposure by transconjunctival approach plus reduction and bone grafting when applicable. There were 6 urgent surgeries associated with missing or entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle, and its repair took an average of 32.0 minutes (range, 22–41 minutes). Postoperative diplopia recovered at an average of 12.4 weeks (range, 0–60 weeks); in urgent cases, it took an average of 5.3 weeks (range, 0–14 weeks) before recovery.

Conclusions:
A retroseptal transconjunctival approach in repairing the orbital floor is a simple, easily manageable, and effective procedure, leaving no conspicuous facial scars. It has proved to be an optimal choice in blowout fracture cases, especially when there was urgency to decompress the ischemic inferior rectus muscle in as short a surgery time as possible.
ACUTE ZONAL OCCULT OUTER RETINOPATHY AFFECTING THE PERIPHERAL RETINA WITH CENTRIPETAL PROGRESSION
Authors: Tan Anna C. S. , Sherman Jerome , Yannuzzi Lawrence A. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:
To describe a variant of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) that has concentric involvement of the peripheral retina with centripetal progression toward the posterior pole.

Methods:
Three patients with AZOOR were reported to show peripheral concentric zonal involvement with centripetal progression of their disease from the periphery to the posterior fundus.

Results:
All three cases involved elderly hyperopic women with a history of autoimmune disease. All six eyes showed bilateral central peripapillary AZOOR lesions that progressed in a centrifugal manner to the periphery. Five of the six eyes showed the presence of concentric peripheral zonal abnormalities that progressed in a centripetal manner to the posterior pole. In one case, the peripheral and central zonal abnormalities became confluent, leaving only a small island of normal retina temporal to the fovea.

Conclusion:
A variant of AZOOR may involve the peripheral retina, causing concentric zonal atrophy with centripetal progression, with central peripapillary zonal abnormalities that have centrifugal progression. This may eventually lead to widespread atrophic degeneration with severe visual field loss. Wide-field imaging of the peripheral retina and monitoring of the visual fields are important to document this rare atypical presentation of AZOOR and any subsequent disease progression.
SPONTANEOUS CLOSURE OF A FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLE SECONDARY TO IRVINE-GASS SYNDROME
Authors: Llop Stephanie M. , Gonzalez Eduardo , Emanuelli Andres 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:
To report a case of spontaneous closure of a full-thickness macular hole after a posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone in a patient with Irvine-Gass syndrome.

Methods:
Case report and literature review.

Results:
A 70-year-old man presented to the retina clinic with visual disturbance in his right eye after an uneventful cataract surgery. Patient was found to have macular edema associated with a full-thickness macular hole, treated with a posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone with subsequent spontaneous closure of the hole and excellent visual acuity.

Conclusion:
This case demonstrates possible resolution of a condition which traditionally requires surgical intervention, with a nonsurgical approach.
Compliance and Subjective Patient Responses to Eyelid Hygiene
Authors: Alghamdi Yousef A. , Camp Andrew , Feuer William , Karp Carol L. , Wellik Sarah , Galor Anat 
Published: May 2016

Objectives:
Lid hygiene is a commonly prescribed first-line therapy in patients with lid margin disease, yet compliance with therapy is not well characterized. The goals of this study were to assess patient compliance with lid hygiene and evaluate which factors predict a favorable symptomatic response to treatment.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of patients seen in the Miami Veterans Affairs eye clinic between August and December 2014. An evaluation was performed to assess dry eye symptoms and lid margin signs. All patients were then instructed to perform warm compresses and lid scrubs. A follow-up phone survey assessed compliance and subjective therapeutic response 6 weeks later.

Results:
Two hundred seven of 211 (98%) patients (94% male, 60% white) completed the survey. Of the 207 patients, 188 (91%) completed the follow-up survey. Compliance with therapy was reported in 104 patients (55%); 66 reported complete improvement, 30 partial improvement, and 8 no improvement in symptoms. Patients who self-reported dry eye symptoms at first visit (n=86, 74%) were more likely to be compliant with lid hygiene than those who did not report symptoms (n=18, 25%) (P<0.0005). The only factor associated with poorer response to lid hygiene was longer time of self-reported dry eye symptoms. None of the other signs studied, including the presence of skin rosacea and lid margin telangiectasia, were associated with a differential response to lid hygiene.

Conclusions:
Patients with dry eye symptoms were moderately compliant with lid hygiene, and patients who performed the routine noted improvement in symptoms.
Patient-Reported Wearing Experience From Hydrogel Daily Disposable Wearers Older Than 40 Years From the TEMPO Registry
Authors: Hickson-Curran Sheila B. , Chalmers Robin L. , Keay Lisa , Gleason William 
Published: May 2016

Objectives:
To describe the patient-reported wearing experience over time among wearers of hydrogel daily disposable (HydDD) contact lenses (CLs) in the TruEye and Moist Performance Overview (TEMPO) Registry (NCT01467557).

Methods:
Registered wearers older than 40 years who were recently fit with 1-DAY ACUVUE MOIST HydDDs completed self-administered questionnaires four times during a year-long Registry. Overall opinion of CLs, replacement schedules, Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire (CLDEQ-8), and compliance were queried. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and signed rank tests.

Results:
A total of 86 subjects (24% men, age 50.2±7.1 years) completed the Registry. Approximately 76% were new to daily disposable lenses, and 8% were neophytes. Overall opinion of CLs improved significantly after refitting with HydDDs (baseline 57% excellent/very good vs. 69%–79% at follow-ups, P<0.05 all vs. baseline). Changing to HydDDs maintained average and comfortable wear time (P>0.05), and it did significantly improve CLDEQ-8 scores at all follow-ups (baseline, 11.2±7.3 vs. 2 weeks, 7.8±5.8, P<0.0001; 4 months, 8.6±6.5, P=0.0006; 12 months, 9.3±6.5, P=0.01). Self-assessment of compliance was excellent/very good for 80% at baseline, and improved to 92% to 98% at follow-ups (P<0.0001). More than 90% never slept in their HydDDs, although compliance to daily replacement diminished from 2-week to 4-month surveys (93% vs. 84%, P=0.007).

Conclusions:
After refitting with HydDDs, older wearers reported significantly higher overall opinions of their lenses, better CLDEQ-8 symptom scores, and most were compliant with proper daily disposable lens use. Diminishing daily replacement rates from 2 weeks to 4 months indicate a need to reinforce that recommendation. Wearers of HydDD CLs older than 40 years experienced many benefits from refitting with these daily disposable lenses.
A Possible Association Between Dry Eye Symptoms and Body Fat: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Preliminary Study
Authors: Ho Kam Chun , Jalbert Isabelle , Watt Kathleen , Golebiowski Blanka 
Published: May 2016

Objectives:
To examine the relationship between dry eye symptoms and adiposity in a population study.

Methods:
A prospective cross-sectional single-visit preliminary study was designed to sample ocular symptoms and indices of adiposity in the general adult population. Patients recruited from the UNSW optometry clinic, the university campus and surrounding community, and overseas were invited to complete a survey composed of the short form Dry Eye Questionnaire (SFDEQ) (Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 or Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8) and the Ocular Comfort Index (OCI) via hardcopy or online. Participants self-measured their weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and body fat % (optional). Associations between measures of adiposity (Body mass index [BMI], WC, and body fat %) and ocular symptoms scores (SFDEQ and OCI) were determined using Spearman correlation coefficients. Group differences were compared using independent t test.

Results:
Three hundred and five participants including 52 contact lens wearers completed the study and 78 of them measured body fat %. There was a moderate correlation between body fat % and dry eye symptoms (SFDEQ r=0.34, P=0.003; OCI r=0.32, P=0.004). The interaction between body fat % and gender, wear of contact lenses, and older age were shown to be significant predictors of less ocular comfort in multivariate analysis (F(3,74)=12.13, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
An association between adiposity measured by body fat % and symptoms of dry eye was demonstrated in the general adult population. Confirmation of these findings in a large study is required.
Evaluation of Corneal Biomechanics After Excimer Laser Corneal Refractive Surgery in High Myopic Patients Using Dynamic Scheimpflug Technology
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Asgari Soheila , Mortazavi Mahdi , Ghaffari Reza 
Published: May 2016

Objective:
To compare the effect of femtosecond-assisted thin flap laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy with mitomycin-C (PRK-MMC) in highly myopic patients (>7.0 D [D]) on corneal biomechanical parameters.

Methods:
In this prospective comparative interventional case series, 60 patients (30 patients in each group) with a manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) greater than 7.0 D were enrolled. Corvis ST parameters were measured before and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

Results:
Preoperatively, mean MRSE was −8.65±1.51 D in FS-LASIK and −8.04±1.70 D in PRK-MMC groups (P=0.149), and corneal thickness was 570.67±36.79 μm and 507.12±32.55 μm, respectively (P<0.001). At 6 months, both groups showed significantly higher applanation (A) 2 time and A2-velocity (P<0.05 in both), whereas intraocular pressure (IOP), corrected IOP, A1 time, A1-velocity, and radius at highest concavity were significantly reduced (P<0.05 in all). In the FS-LASIK group, there was a significant increase in deformation amplitude (DA) (P=0.001), and significant decreases in A2-length (P=0.004). Peak distance increased in the PRK-MMC group (P=0.029). At 6 months, after controlling for fellow eye correlations and preoperative corneal thickness between the two groups, decreases in IOP, A1-time, A2-length and radius, and the increase in DA was greater in FS-LASIK.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated significant changes in Corvis ST ocular biomechanical metrics after both PRK-MMC and FS-LASIK in high myopic patients, indicating the significant effect of excimer laser refractive surgery on corneal biomechanical properties. However, changes that occur with FS-LASIK are more significant than with PRK-MMC. Further randomized studies are needed to better characterize the pattern of biomechanical changes associated with each type of surgery.
Short-Term Effects of Overnight Orthokeratology on Corneal Sub-basal Nerve Plexus Morphology and Corneal Sensitivity
Authors: Nombela-Palomo María , Felipe-Marquez Gema , Hernandez-Verdejo Jose Luis , Nieto-Bona Amelia 
Published: May 2016

Objective:
To assess the effects of a short period of orthokeratology (OK) on corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (SBNP) morphology and corneal sensitivity.

Methods:
Measurements were made in 56 right eyes of 56 subjects with low-to-moderate myopia who wore 2 OK lens designs (Group CRT: HDS 100 Paragon CRT, n=35; Group SF: Seefree; n=21) for a period of 1 month and in 15 right eyes of noncontact lens wearers as controls. The variables determined in each participant were corneal sensitivity using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer and 12 SBNP variables determined on laser scanning confocal microscopy images using 3 different software packages. Correlation between SBNP architecture and corneal sensitivity was also examined.

Results:
Few changes were observed over the 1-month period in the variables examined in the OK treatment and control groups. However, significant reductions were detected over time in the number of nerves in the central cornea in the groups CRT (P=0.029) and SF (P=0.043) and in central corneal sensitivity in CRT (P=0.047) along with significant increases in central and midperipheral corneal Langerhans cell counts in SF (P=0.001 and 0.048, respectively).

Conclusions:
This study provides useful data to better understand the anatomical changes induced by OK in corneal SBNP. The different response observed to the 2 OK lens designs requires further investigation.
Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution Increases Pre- and Postlens Tear Film During Contact Lens Wear in Rabbit Eyes
Authors: Nagahara Yukiko , Koh Shizuka , Oshita Yoshihiro , Nagano Takashi , Mano Hidetoshi , Nishida Kohji , Watanabe Hitoshi 
Published: May 2016

Objectives:
To investigate the behavior of prelens tear film (PLTF) and postlens tear film (PoLTF) after the instillation of diquafosol using an experimental rabbit model of eyes with contact lens.

Methods:
Cross-sectional, anterior segment optical coherence tomographic images of the inferior midperipheral cornea were obtained at baseline and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the instillation of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution in 10 Japanese white rabbits wearing contact lenses. From the obtained images, the areas of the PLTF and PoLTF were calculated. Both artificial tear solution and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution were used for comparison.

Results:
Significant fluid accumulation in both the PLTF and PoLTF was observed after diquafosol instillation, whereas no fluid accumulation was visible after the instillation of artificial tear or sodium hyaluronate. The increase in PLTF area after diquafosol instillation was significantly higher (P<0.01) at 15 and 30 min than that after the instillation of artificial tear or sodium hyaluronate. The increase in PoLTF area up to 60 min after the instillation of diquafosol was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that after the instillation of either of the other two drugs.

Conclusions:
Instillation of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution increases PLTF and PoLTF in rabbit eyes with contact lenses. Diquafosol has potential as a treatment option for contact lens–related dry eye.