bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Art in Society with Particular Reference to the Problem of Violence$
Authors: Pagani Camilla 
Published: January 2017

Background:
According to the Latin poet Virgil, art is capable of revealing to us what no science can ever reveal to a human mind. The main thesis of this paper is that art can play an extremely beneficial role in society as it can strongly foster humans’ efforts to attain a deeper and broader comprehension of reality.

Objective:
The experience of art can provide a powerful contribution to the efforts to avoid resorting to violence and to address conflicts constructively. Violence or, more exactly, unjustified violence, basically rests on an irrational and short-sighted analysis and interpretation of reality.

Results:
The psychological processes relating to the aesthetic experience and to its connections with violence are described. It is also pointed out that this theoretical perspective does not fully coincide with the theoretical theses underpinning art therapy. In fact, in this paper art is not considered as a mere therapeutic instrument. Instead, an attempt has been made to consider art and our relationship with art in their more complex and partly still unexplored aspects, where neither art or the individual is “at the service” of the other.

Conclusion:
Art can provide the possibility to experience a new dimension, where no power relations exist and where new ways of seeing and feeling are made possible. It can hence foster the development of less primitive and richer personalities. In this way violence should lose its raison d’être. So it appears that this theoretical approach might be particularly helpful in order to better understand and countervail violence.
Hacia el manejo de ecosistemas forestales
Authors: Aguirre Calderón Oscar A. 
Published: January 2017

El manejo forestal tradicional tiende hacia el manejo de ecosistemas forestales, esto es, hacia el logro y mantenimiento de la condición ecológica y forestal deseadas, dentro de las cuales se consigue el rendimiento sostenido de productos para satisfacer necesidades humanas.El desarrollo de modelos de manejo de ecosistemas es una tarea compleja que involucra la participación de diversos sectores de la sociedad, así como de equipos multidisciplinarios de profesionales para la toma de decisiones. El objetivo es lograr la mayor interacción entre necesidades sociales, necesidades económicas y capacidades de los ecosistemas.En este artículo se presentan algunos principios generales de manejo de ecosistemas forestales, así como la problemática que implica su puesta en práctica, destacando aspectos diferenciales con el manejo forestal tradicional. Se mencionan asimismo diversas estrategias de manejo a nivel de paisaje y para rodales individuales, para contribuir al manejo holístico de los recursos forestales.
Efecto de la ganadería extensiva sobre la regeneración arbórea de los bosques de la Sierra de Manantlán
Authors: Hernández Vargas Guadalupe , Sánchez Velásquez Lázaro R. , Carmona Valdovinos Tomás F. , Pineda López Ma. del Rosario , Cuevas Guzmán Ramón 
Published: January 2017

La Estación Científica Las Joyas (ECLJ) de la Sierra de Manantlán ha tenido un fuerte historial de perturbaciones. En 1988 se instaló un cerco perimetral que delimitó la estación, quedando esta área exenta de perturbaciones antrópicas. El cercado dividió diferentes rodales de bosque mesófilo de montaña, de pino y de pinoencino, quedando estos rodales con áreas de bosque con-ganado y otras sin-ganado. El estudio se realizó en estos bosques, usando dos réplicas y colocando aleatoriamente 180 cuadros de 2x2 m, 90 cuadros fuera de la ECLJ y el resto adentro. En estos cuadros se registró la regeneración arbórea (especie, densidad y altura). Se registraron 38 especies pertenecientes a 33 familias y 35 géneros. El número de árboles jóvenes fue significativamente diferente entre los sitios sin-ganado vs con-ganado (en todos los casos χ2 >7.5 y p <0.001) y la composición florística también fue diferente. Inga hintonii y Alnus jorullensis, son especies que no se encontraron en lugares conganado, esto sugiere que son especies potenciales a extinguirse en presencia del ganado. Las especies, Xylosma flexuosum y Pinus douglasiana, presentaron valores significativos de importancia en los sitios con-ganado en el bosque mesófilo de montaña y pino-encino, respectivamente. En el bosque de pino, tanto en sitios con y sin-ganado, las especies con mayor valor de importancia fueron; Pinus douglasiana y Prunus serotina. Se concluye que el ganado bovino está ejerciendo un cambio en la composición florística y en la disminución del número de árboles jóvenes por hectárea en los tres tipos de vegetación estudiados.
Productos forestales no maderables en México: Aspectos económicos para el desarrollo sustentable
Authors: Tapia-Tapia Estrella del Carmen , Reyes-Chilpa Ricardo 
Published: January 2017

El interés en los Productos Forestales No Maderables (PFNM) ha aumentado con la creciente conciencia sobre la deforestación de los bosques y la necesidad de diversificar e incrementar el valor de los recursos forestales. Los PFNM incluyen productos importantes en la vida diaria de las comunidades locales; además, generan ingresos y empleos complementarios. En el presente trabajo se revisa la información disponible sobre los PFNM en México, con el fin de distinguir tendencias en su producción y contribuir a generar propuestas que incentiven su aprovechamiento sustentable. De acuerdo a fuentes oficiales, en México existen 20 000 especies vegetales, 950 proporcionan PFNM útiles, pero sólo el 10% de esta última cifra se comercializa y está regulada. Actualmente se distinguen siete categorías de PFNM. En el periodo 1985-2003, la producción anual promedio de PFNM fue 135 667 toneladas. La categoría “otros productos” ocupó el primer lugar, seguida por “resinas”, “fibras”, “ceras”, “gomas” y “rizomas”. En dicho periodo, la producción de “resinas” tendió a ser constante, la de “fibras” y “ceras” disminuyó paulatinamente, pero la de “gomas” y “rizomas” se redujo drásticamente. En 2003, el valor total nacional de los PFNM fue $498 098 712 pesos. “Otros productos” y “resinas” aportaron el 68,9% y 22,5% del valor total, respectivamente. En contraste, “tierra de monte” representó 62,3% en volumen, pero apenas 2,6% del valor total. Se concluye que la información oficial sobre PFNM es escasa e incompleta, por lo que es necesario realizar una nueva categorización y desagregar “otros productos”, que incluye numerosos bienes importantes mal estimados, como las plantas medicinales.
O Sindicalismo no Século XXI: Entre a Necessidade de Redistribuição de Bens Materiais e o Clamor pelo Reconhecimento das Diferenças
Authors: Reis Italo Moreira , Gomes Maíra Neiva 
Published: January 2017

O Direito do Trabalho é fruto das lutas sociais do final do século XIX e início do século XX. Lutas que a filosofia política classifica como reivindicações da justiça redistributiva, pois buscam a implementação da igualdade substancial, sob a perspectiva da distribuição dos bens materiais e do acesso igualitário a oportunidades. De fato, tanto as ideias marxistas, que inspiraram os movimentos por redistribuição de bens materiais, especialmente o sindicalismo, quanto o próprio Direito do Trabalho, tendem a encerrar suas análises e propostas, no ideal de combate à desigualdade econômica. No entanto, a partir da década de 60 do século passado, eclodiram novos movimentos sociais que contém reivindicações que extrapolam a questão redistributiva e requerem o reconhecimento da identidade de indivíduos e de novos agrupamentos sociais. No século XXI, - momento em que a falta de legitimidade dos movimentos sociais tradicionais, em especial aqueles que se organizam em torno da busca da justiça distributiva, como o sindicalismo, se revela acentuada -, os movimentos pautados pelo desejo de reconhecimento se apresentam com roupagem inovadora: as pautas mosaico. O tecido social se apresenta, no século XXI, recheado de complexidades e singularidades que vindicam reconhecimento e as lutas meramente distributivas, que homogenizam as reivindicações, encontram, a cada dia, mais dificuldades para se legitimar perante esse. A intenção do presente trabalho é elaborar um diálogo entre os principais teóricos do Princípio do Reconhecimento Charles Taylor, Axel Honneth e Nancy Fraser e buscar construir um conceito de justiça, que englobe as dimensões da necessidade de redistribuição de bens materiais e do reconhecimento das diferenças. A partir de tal análise, pretende-se oferecer instrumentos que possam auxiliar o sindicato, principal fonte material do Direito do Trabalho, a edificar um conceito interpretativo da dignidade, capaz de atender os anseios das minorias sociais, hoje invisíveis às teorias homogeneizadoras, que construíram os princípios norteadores deste ramo das ciências jurídicas.
Total Physical Response and Direct Method in Students’ Vocabulary Mastery Learning
Authors: Anwar Choiril , Fitriani Diah 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to test which one of the two methods (TPR and DM) were more effective to improve the students’ vocabulary mastery. The population of this study was all of the fifth graders of SD Islam Sultan Agung 4 Semarang in the academic year of 2015/2016. The instrument of the study was vocabulary test consisted of multiple choice items and matching items. Before treatment was given, pre-test was conducted to both groups. Meanwhile, post-test was conducted after the treatment had finished. The result showed that the mean of the experimental and control group in pre-test were 64.35 and 65.30, respectively. After being given the treatment, post-test was conducted in both groups. The t-test calculation showed that there was a significant difference. So, Total Physical Response method was more effective than Direct Method in learning English Vocabulary to the fifth graders of Elementary Students. Keywords: Total Physical Response, Direct method, and Vocabulary AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji mana dari dua metode (TPR dan DM) yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penguasaan kosa kata siswa. Subjek penelitiannya adalah semua siswa kelas 5 SD Islam Sultan Agung 4 Semarang Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016. Instrumen penelitiannya berupa tes kosa kata yang terdiri dari pilihan ganda dan menjodohkan. Sebelum perlakuan diberikan, kedua grup diberikan pre-test. Sedangkan post-test diberikan setelah perlakuan selesai. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata grup eksperimen dan kontrol berturut-turut adalah 64.35 dan 65.30. Setelah diberikan perlakuan, kedua grup diberikan post-test. Nilai rata-rata untuk kedua grup berturut-turut adalah 78.65 dan 71.70. Perhitungan t-test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang mencolok. Jadi, metode Total Physical Response lebih efektif daripada Direct Method dalam pembelajaran kosa kata Bahasa Inggris pada siswa kelas lima sekolah dasar. Kata Kunci: Total Physical Response, Direct method, and Vocabulary
Difraksi pada Laser: Tafsir atas “Cahaya di atas Cahaya”?
Authors: Susilayati Muslimah 
Published: January 2017

This study tries to provide an overview on the laser diffraction process which is closely correlated to hissi meaning of phrase “Light upon Light” in QS. An-Nur verse 35 through orthopraxy study. When light is passed through a very tiny hole, a process of diffraction can be occurred. In diffraction phenomenon, the white light will be separated according to the wavelength that is mejikuhibiniu. Based on Huygens principle, each light will be a new light source. In physics, the process of forming a new light source of the previous light source is called as "Light upon Light". A study result related to optics and optical engineering (photonics), especially those related to photons particles in the electromagnetic spectrum placed in an impenetrable hole in which there is a light source in the glass, causing the light is focused so that it has tremendous benefits, like the light of laser. Kajian ini berusaha untuk memberikan gambaran proses difraksi pada laser yang sangat terkait dengan makna hissi dari frasa “Cahaya di atas cahaya” yang terdapat pada QS. An-Nur ayat 35 melalui studi ortopraksi. Ketika cahaya dilewatkan pada sebuah lubang yang sangat kecil, maka dapat terjadi proses difraksi. Pada peristiwa difraksi, cahaya yang berwarna putih akan diuraikan sesuai dengan panjang gelombangnya, yaitu mejikuhibiniu. Berdasarkan prinsip Huygens, masing-masing cahaya tersebut akan menjadi sumber cahaya baru. Secara fisika, proses pembentukan sumber cahaya baru dari sumber cahaya sebelumnya tersebut yang dimaksud dengan “Cahaya di atas cahaya”. Sebuah hasil kajian yang berkaitan dengan optik dan rekayasa optik (fotonika), terutama yang berhubungan dengan partikel foton dalam spectrum elektromagnetik yang ditempatkan dalam sebuah lubang yang tak tembus yang didalamnya ada sumber cahaya di dalam kaca, menyebabkan cahaya tersebut terfokus sehingga memiliki manfaat luar biasa, seperti cahaya pada laser.
Leaf‐disc grafting for the transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in citrus (Citrus sinensis; Rutaceae) seedlings
Authors: Tabay Zambon Flavia , Plant Karen , Etxeberria Ed 
Published: January 2017

Premise of the study:The search for resistance/tolerance to the devastating citrus huanglongbing disease (syn. HLB or citrus greening) is generating an increasing number of new plants of diverse genetic makeup. As the increasing number of new plants require more space, resources, and time, the need for faster and more efficient HLB screening tests becomes crucial.Methods and Results:The leaf‐disc grafting system described here consists in replacing a disc of leaf tissue with a similar disc from an infected plant. This can be performed in young seedlings not yet big enough to endure other types of grafting. Graft success and infection rates average approximately 80%.Conclusions:We describe the successful adaptation of leaf‐disc grafting as a powerful screening tool for HLB. The system requires minimal plant material and can be performed in seedlings at a very young age with increased efficiency in terms of time, space, and resources.
Development and characterization of 23 microsatellite loci for Rhododendron ovatum (Ericaceae)
Authors: Liu De‐Chen , Zhang Yang , Wang Si‐Si , Liao Meng‐Yu , Fan Xin‐Yu , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Rong 
Published: January 2017

Premise of the study:To estimate the genetic variation of Rhododendron ovatum (Ericaceae), a monoecious evergreen shrub, 23 microsatellite markers were identified from its nuclear genome.Methods and Results:We developed 16 polymorphic and seven monomorphic microsatellite primers using the biotin‐streptavidin capture method. The 16 polymorphic loci were investigated further using 89 individuals sampled from three populations in China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from four to 30, indicating a high level of polymorphism. The observed heterozygosity varied from 0.1034 to 0.9333, while the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.1016 to 0.9542. Of these polymorphic primers, 12 were found to be functional in R. simsii, a congeneric species of R. ovatum.Conclusions:Moderate to high levels of genetic variation were found in these microsatellite loci, indicating that they can be applied in future studies of Rhododendron genetic structure, contributing to forest management and conservation.
HIV Infection Rather than Concurrent Opportunistic Infections drives Most Systemic Procoagulant, Vascular and Damage Responses – a Prospective Cohort Study in Central Africa
Authors: Janssen Saskia , Huson Michaela AM , Osbak Kara K , Rossatanga Elie-Gide , Alabi Abraham , Lutter René , Grobusch Martin P , van der Poll Tom 
Published: January 2017

Background HIV infection is accompanied by various systemic host responses, including activation of coagulation and the vascular endothelium. We sought to determine the impact of opportunistic coinfections in a central African setting. Methods This prospective study included 98 HIV-infected individuals in Gabon initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and followed them up for 6 months. Patients were stratified according to the presence of active tuberculosis (TB; n=19), mucocutaneous opportunistic infection ( n=9) or no opportunistic infection ( n=70). HIV-uninfected subjects were included as controls ( n=32). Plasma concentrations of 14 markers of coagulation, endothelial activation, extracellular matrix formation and tissue damage were measured with a multiplex assay at baseline and months 3 and 6 after cART initiation. Results HIV-infected patients showed elevated plasma levels of all biomarkers measured with exception of protein C, which was reduced. Concurrent TB was only associated with elevated concentrations of D-dimer, metal-lopeptidase inhibitor 1 and Tenascin-C. Mucocutaneous coinfection did not alter HIV-associated responses. Most markers measured declined but remained elevated despite response to cART. Conclusions HIV infection is associated with systemic pro-coagulant, vascular and damage responses. In an ambulatory setting, concurrent opportunistic infections have little if any influence on these responses and normalization is incomplete after response to cART. This suggests that these responses are mainly driven by HIV-associated immune activation and less so by opportunistic infections.
Association of HIV Infection with Biomarkers of Kidney Injury and Fibrosis in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Authors: Jotwani Vasantha , Scherzer Rebecca , Estrella Michelle M , Jacobson Lisa P , Witt Mallory D , Palella Frank , Ho Ken , Bennett Michael , Parikh Chirag R , Ix Joachim H , Shlipak Michael 
Published: January 2017

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common among HIV-infected individuals but serum creatinine is insensitive for detecting kidney damage at early stages. We hypothesized that HIV infection would be associated with elevations in subclinical markers of kidney injury and fibrosis in a contemporary cohort of men. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we measured urine levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), pro-collagen type III N-terminal pro-peptide (PIIINP) and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) in 813 HIV-infected and 331 uninfected men enrolled in the Multi-center AIDS Cohort Study. Results Median eGFR was 95 ml/min/1.73 m2 among African-Americans ( n=376) and 87 ml/min/1.73 m2 among Caucasians ( n=768). Among HIV-infected men, the median CD4 lymphocyte count was 572 cells/mm3 and 76% of men had undetectable HIV RNA levels. After multivariable adjustment for traditional CKD risk factors including eGFR, HIV infection was associated with 52% higher urine IL-18 (95% CI, 33%, 73%), 44% higher KIM-1 (27%, 64%), 30% higher PIIINP (15%, 47%) and 84% higher ACR (54%, 120%), with similar effect sizes among African-Americans and Caucasians ( P>0.2 for tests of interaction by race). These associations remained statistically significant in analyses that excluded persons with detectable HIV RNA levels and in models that adjusted for cumulative exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Conclusions Compared with uninfected men, HIV-infected men had more extensive glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, as assessed by urine biomarkers. Future studies should evaluate whether combinations of biomarkers can be used to monitor stages of kidney injury and to predict CKD risk in HIV-infected individuals.
La mobilité internationale : une qualité des carrières et des marchés académiques en Europe ?
Authors: Goastellec Gaële 
Published: January 2017

Si la mobilité internationale est désormais largement présentée comme une qualité des carrières et des marchés académiques dans les discours des gouvernants et acteurs des enseignements supérieurs, peu de recherches documentent les effets de cette mobilité sur les individus et les organisations universitaires. Pourtant, dans un nombre croissant de pays, des instruments sont développés qui visent à augmenter les mobilités des académiques. À partir d’une recherche collective européenne (EuroAC, la profession académique en Europe), quantitative et qualitative, cet article interroge les mobilités internationales prenant place aux étapes formelles de la carrière (diplômes, post-doctorat, recrutements), leurs temporalités et leurs territoires, leurs effets sur les organisations universitaires, les pratiques et les parcours professionnels des individus. Il montre comment l’   économie de la qualité à l’entrée de la profession, percutée par l’introduction de la mobilité comme critère de qualité, entre en tension avec l’inscription relationnelle du jugement scientifique dans les recrutements, et, partant, augmente la part d’incertitude pesant sur les candidats à l’entrée de la profession.
Inactivation of Rab11a GTPase in Macrophages Facilitates Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Neutrophils
Authors: Jiang Chunling , Liu Zheng , Hu Rong , Bo Lulong , Minshall Richard D. , Malik Asrar B. , Hu Guochang 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The timely and efficient clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages (efferocytosis) is required for the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair, but the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of the small GTPase Ras-related protein in brain (Rab)11a in regulating efferocytosis, and on this basis the resolution of inflammatory lung injury. We observed that apoptotic neutrophil feeding induced a rapid loss of Rab11a activity in bone marrow–derived macrophages and found that depletion of Rab11a in macrophages by small interfering RNA dramatically increased the phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils compared with control cells. Additionally, overexpression of wild-type Rab11a inhibited macrophage efferocytosis, whereas overexpression of dominant-negative Rab11a (Rab11a S25N) increased the clearance of apoptotic neutrophils. Rab11a knockdown also increased the surface level of CD36 in macrophages, but it reduced cell surface expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 17. Depletion of ADAM17 rescued the decreased surface CD36 expression found in macrophages overexpressing wild-type Rab11a. Also, blockade of CD36 abolished the augmented efferocytosis seen in Rab11a-depleted macrophages. In mice challenged with endotoxin, intratracheal instillation of Rab11a-depleted macrophages reduced neutrophil count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, increased the number of macrophages containing apoptotic neutrophils, and prevented inflammatory lung injury. Thus, Rab11a inactivation in macrophages as a result of apoptotic cell binding initiates phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils via the modulation of ADAM17-mediated CD36 cell surface expression. Our results raise the possibility that inhibition of Rab11a activity in macrophages is a promising strategy for activating the resolution of inflammatory lung injury.