bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single CaO accelerated densification and microstructure control of highly transparent YAG ceramic
Authors: Zhang Le , Zhou Tianyuan , Selim Farida A , Chen Hao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work, a small amount of CaO single dopant was adopted to realize the densification and microstructure control of fine grained YAG ceramic with excellent optical quality, by a simple solid‐state reaction and one‐step vacuum sintering method. Then, highly transparent YAG ceramics (T = 84.4% at 1064 nm) were obtained just after vacuum sintering at 1820°C for 8 hours. The average grain size was only 2.7 μm, when the total amount of CaO was as low as 0.045 wt%. The effect of CaO on the microstructural evolution and optical property of the as‐fabricated YAG ceramics was systematically investigated in detail. It was found that CaO dopant promoted both densification and grain growth of YAG ceramics when the sintering temperature was lower than 1660°C, however, it dramatically inhibited grain growth when the sintering temperature was further increased.
Hepatitis B virus core‐related antigen levels predict progression to liver cirrhosis in hepatitis B carriers
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Toyoda Hidenori , Kobayashi Natsuko , Akita Tomoyuki , Tanaka Junko 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground and AimSeveral hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers have been identified as risk factors for progression to liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic HBV infection. The predictive impact of HBV markers on progression to cirrhosis in HBV carriers was clarified.MethodsA total of 529 hepatitis B e antigen seroconverters with fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index ≤ 3.6 not on nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses of associations between HBV markers and progression to cirrhosis were performed. In addition, the hazard ratio (HR) spline curves for continuous HBV markers were compared.ResultsEighty‐four patients progressed to cirrhosis (FIB‐4 index > 3.6) during the follow‐up period. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV DNA, HBV core‐related antigen (HBcrAg), and basal core promoter status, but not genotype and precore status, were significantly associated with progression to cirrhosis in univariate Cox proportional hazards models. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for HBV genotype, HBsAg, HBV DNA, HBcrAg, precore status, and basal core promoter status indicated that HBsAg ≥ 3.0 log IU/mL (HR, 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.94) and HBcrAg ≥ 3.7 log U/mL (HR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.60–6.75) are independently associated with progression to cirrhosis. In the HR spline curve analysis, HR and 95% CI gradually increased as HBcrAg levels increased. Conversely, HRs and 95% CIs for HBsAg and HBV DNA did not show this tendency as their levels increased.ConclusionsElevated HBcrAg levels in HBV carriers increases the risk for progression to cirrhosis. HBcrAg is an excellent predictor of the development of cirrhosis.
Older Adults’ Awareness of Deprescribing: A Population‐Based Survey
Authors: Turner Justin P. , Tannenbaum Cara 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo determine older adults’ awareness of the concept of medication‐induced harm and their familiarity with the term “deprescribing.” Secondary objectives were to ascertain determinants of self‐initiated deprescribing conversations and to identify how older adults seek information on medication harms.DesignCross‐sectional population‐based household telephone survey using random‐digit dialling.SettingCanada.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling adults aged 65 and older (N = 2,665; n = 898 men, n = 1,767 women, mean age 74.9 ± 7.2, range 65–100).MeasurementsInformation was gathered on age; sex; awareness of the term “deprescribing”; knowledge and information‐seeking behaviors related to medication harms; and previous initiation of a deprescribing conversation with a healthcare professional. Three targeted classes of potentially inappropriate prescriptions were asked about: sedative‐hypnotics, glyburide, and proton pump inhibitors. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to quantify associations.ResultsTwo‐thirds (65.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 63.4–67.0%) of participants were familiar with the concept of medication‐induced harms. Only 6.9% (95% CI = 5.9–7.8%) recognized the term deprescribing; 48% (95% CI = 46–50%) had researched medication‐related harms. Older adults most commonly sought information from the Internet (35.5%, 95% CI = 33.4–37.6%), and from health care professionals (32.2%, 95% CI = 30.1–34.3%). Patient‐initiated deprescribing conversations were associated with awareness of medication harms (odds ratio (OR) = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.46–2.07), familiarity with the term deprescribing (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.13–2.12), and information‐seeking behaviors (OR = 4.57, 95% CI = 3.84–5.45), independent of age and sex.ConclusionHealthcare providers can facilitate patient‐initiated deprescribing conversations by providing information on medication harms and using the term “deprescribing.”
Food and functional dyspepsia: a systematic review
Authors: Duncanson K. R. , Talley N. J. , Walker M. M. , Burrows T. L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is a debilitating functional gastrointestinal disorder characterised by early satiety, post‐prandial fullness or epigastric pain related to meals, which affects up to 20% of western populations. A high dietary fat intake has been linked to FD and duodenal eosinophilia has been noted in FD. We hypothesised that an allergen such as wheat is a risk factor for FD and that withdrawal will improve symptoms of FD. We aimed to investigate the relationship between food and functional dyspepsia.MethodsSixteen out of 6451 studies identified in a database search of six databases met the inclusion criteria of studies examining the effect of nutrients, foods and food components in adults with FD or FD symptoms.ResultsWheat‐containing foods were implicated in FD symptom induction in six studies, four of which were not specifically investigating gluten and two that were gluten‐specific, with the implementation of a gluten‐free diet demonstrating a reduction in symptoms. Dietary fat was associated with FD in all three studies that specifically measured this association. Specific foods reported as inducing symptoms were high in either natural food chemicals, high in fermentable carbohydrates or high in wheat/gluten. Caffeine was associated with FD in four studies, although any association with alcohol was uncertain.ConclusionsWheat and dietary fats may play key roles in the generation of FD symptoms and reduction or withdrawal eased symptoms. Randomised trials investigating the roles of gluten, FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyols) and high fat ingestion and naturally occurring food chemicals in the generation of functional dyspepsia symptoms are warranted and further investigation of the mechanisms is now required.
Evaluation of Modeling Approaches to Determine End‐of‐Life Flows Associated with Buildings: A Viennese Case Study on Wood and Contaminants
Authors: Džubur Nađa , Laner David 
Published: September 2017

SummaryDynamic material flow analysis enables the forecasting of secondary raw material potential for waste volumes in future periods, by assessing past, present, and future stocks and flows of materials in the anthroposphere. Analyses of waste streams of buildings stocks are uncertain with respect to data and model structure. Wood construction in Viennese buildings serve as a case study to compare different modeling approaches for determining end‐of‐life (EoL) wood and corresponding contaminant flows (lead, chlorine, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). A delayed input and a leaching stock modeling approach are used to determine wood stocks and flows from 1950 until 2100. Cross‐checking with independent estimates and sensitivity analyses are used to evaluate the results’ plausibility. In the situation of the given data in the present case study, the delay approach is a better choice for historical observations of EoL wood and for analyses at a substance level. It has some major drawbacks for future predictions at the goods level, though, as the durability of a large number of historical buildings with considerably higher wood content is not reflected in the model. The wood content parameter differs strongly for the building periods and has therefore the highest influence on the results. Based on this knowledge, general recommendations can be derived for analyses on waste flows of buildings at a goods and substance level.
Effect of Simulated Mastication on the Retention of Locator Attachments for Implant‐Supported Overdentures: An In Vitro Pilot Study
Authors: Tehini Georges , Baba Nadim Z. , Berberi Antoine , Majzoub Zeina , Bassal Hussein , Rifai Khaldoun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeLimited information is currently available relative to the effect of masticatory loads on the retentive properties of Locator attachments. The aims of this in vitro study were to assess and compare the effect of simulated mastication on the retention of white, pink, and blue Locator inserts for overdentures retained by 2 implants.Materials and MethodsThirty specimens simulating a nonanatomic edentulous flat ridge with two implants and an overdenture were divided into 3 groups according to the color of the fitted insert: transparent clear group (n = 10), pink group (n = 10), and blue group (n = 10). Retention forces were measured in an axial direction initially and after 100,000 cycles of simulated masticatory loads. One‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc tests were used to compare retention values and percentage retention loss between the 3 groups with significance set at p = 0.05.ResultsThe 3 groups presented significant differences in retention at baseline (9.95 ± 1.91 N, 15.43 ± 4.08 N, and 41.73 ± 9.29 N for the blue, pink, and clear groups, respectively) and after simulated mastication (6.37 ± 2.64 N, 14.00 ± 3.89 N, 38.20 ± 5.11 N for the blue, pink, and clear groups, respectively). Within the same group, cyclic loading did not significantly affect retention in the clear and pink groups, while the blue inserts showed a significant retention loss (‐37%) after loading.ConclusionsThe results suggest that short‐term simulated mastication affects the extra‐light blue inserts but not the more‐retentive inserts.
Elastic labor supply and agglomeration
Authors: Ago Takanori , Morita Tadashi , Tabuchi Takatoshi , Yamamoto Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study analyzes the interplay between the agglomeration of economic activities and interregional differences in working hours, which are typically longer in large cities, as they are normally more developed than small cities. For this purpose, we develop a two‐region model with endogenous labor supply. Although we assume a symmetric distribution of immobile workers, the symmetric equilibrium breaks in the sense that firms may agglomerate when trade costs are intermediate and labor supply is elastic. We also show that the price index is always lower, while labor supply, per capita income, real wages, and welfare are always higher in the more agglomerated region.
Plate pattern clarification of the marine dinophyte Heterocapsa triquetra sensu Stein (Dinophyceae) collected at the Kiel Fjord (Germany)
Authors: Tillmann Urban , Hoppenrath Mona , Gottschling Marc , Kusber Wolf‐Henning , Elbrächter Malte 
Published: September 2017

One of the most common marine dinophytes is a species known as Heterocapsa triquetra. When Stein introduced the taxon Heterocapsa, he formally based the type species H. triquetra on the basionym Glenodinium triquetrum. The latter was described by Ehrenberg and is most likely a species of Kryptoperidinium. In addition to that currently unresolved nomenclatural situation, the thecal plate composition of H. triquetra sensu Stein (1883) was controversial in the past. To clarify the debate, we collected material and established the strain UTKG7 from the Baltic Sea off Kiel (Germany, the same locality as Stein had studied), which was investigated using light and electron microscopy, and whose systematic position was inferred using molecular phylogenetics. The small motile cells (18–26 μm in length) had a biconical through fusiform shape and typically were characterized by a short asymmetrically shaped, horn‐like protuberance at the antapex. A large spherical nucleus was located in the episome, whereas a single pyrenoid laid in the lower cingular plane. The predominant plate pattern was identified as apical pore complex (Po, cp?, X), 4′, 2a, 6′′, 6c, 5s, 5′′′, 2′′′′. The triradiate body scales were 254–306 nm in diameter, had 6 ridges radiating from a central spine, 9 peripheral and 3 radiating spines, and 12 peripheral bars as well as a central depression in the basal plate. Our work provides a clarification of morphological characters and a new, validly published name for this important but yet formally undescribed species of Heterocapsa: H. steinii sp. nov.
Long‐term Stability of a Compounded Suspension of Torsemide (5 mg/mL) for Oral Administration
Authors: Adin D. , Johnson P.R. , Kim C.H. , Nguyenba T. , Rosen S. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundTorsemide use for congestive heart failure (CHF) has been reported, but prescription frequency is unknown. Commercially available tablet sizes in North America limit dosing precision, indicating a need to evaluate its strength and stability in suspension.ObjectivesTo determine the frequency of torsemide prescriptions and to determine a beyond use date (BUD) of a compounded suspension of torsemide for oral administration stored under 2 temperature conditions for 90 days.AnimalsNo animals used.MethodsPharmacy records were retrospectively reviewed for torsemide and furosemide prescriptions from 2008 to 2015 at 2 veterinary referral centers. After preliminary strength testing, compounded torsemide suspension (5 mg/mL) for oral administration was prepared using torsemide tablets suspended in OraPlus:OraSweet 1:1, buffered to a pH of 8.3 and stored at refrigeration (2–8°C) and room temperature (20–25°C) in 2 oz amber plastic bottles. Samples were analyzed by reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) on days 0, 14, 30, 60, and 90.ResultsPrescriptions for torsemide increased from 2008 to 2015. Analysis of the torsemide 5 mg/mL suspension for oral administration at each time point met United States Pharmacopeia (USP) requirements for torsemide content of 90–110% of label claim. The average strength at 90 days decreased to 92 ± 3% at 2–8°C and 95 ± 2% at 20–25°C. Stability testing did not detect unknown impurities.ConclusionsIncreasing torsemide use warrants availability of a validated and stable compounded formulation. Our results support the assignment of a 90‐day BUD for torsemide 5 mg/mL suspension for oral administration compounded in OraPlus:Sweet 1:1 buffered to a pH of 8.3.
Caleb Cushing and the corporate romance of free trade imperialism in Washington Irving's Astoria (1836)
Authors: Johnson Kendall 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn 1838 the Massachusetts congressman Caleb Cushing's invoked Washington Irving's Astoria (1836) in a Congressional speech that warned against the tyranny of British corporate monopolies and pleaded for the annexation of Oregon. This essay compares Cushing's and Irving's views on the viability of US commerce in the Far East and Far West and considers the rhetorical force of corporate form in nationalising commercial activity through narratives that portray merchant princes as heroes of free trade imperialism.
The Contemporary
Authors: Hyde Emily , Wasserman Sarah 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIf “the contemporary” is the heading under which scholars study recent literary, artistic, and cultural forms, what exactly is it? Is it a period? A style? A type of content – networks, finance, or climate change – that feels diagnostic of the present? For literary scholars, the contemporary is a persistently moving target. Rather than statingwhenit is, we consider critical methods of reading the contemporary alongside the objects they favor and promote. We thereby disrupt the idea of an accepted canon of contemporary fiction by showing the wide array of texts contemporary critics do in fact study. This survey covers contemporary approaches to fiction that find their starting points in the neoliberal economy, in systems and institutions, in theories of the Anthropocene and world literature, and in critical race studies. We conclude with the proliferating “posts” of contemporary literature and theory – post‐human, post‐racial, and even post‐postmodern – and with our intuitions about the temporal and historical function of literary form in contemporary fiction.
The impact of ischemic time on early rejection after pediatric heart transplant
Authors: Magdo H. Sonali , Friedland‐Little Joshua M. , Yu Sunkyung , Gajarski Robert J. , Schumacher Kurt R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractProlonged graft ischemia may be a risk factor for early rejection post‐HTx, but this has not been well studied in children. Furthermore, factors moderating the association between IT and early rejection have not been investigated. From 2004 to 2012, pediatric HTx recipients (n = 2381) were identified from the UNOS database. A ROC curve determined the optimal IT discriminating patients by the presence of early rejection. Separate univariate analyses identified factors associated with: (i) early (prior to hospital discharge) rejection, and (ii) IT. A multivariable logistic regression assessed independent risk factors for early rejection. We included interaction terms to evaluate whether IT's independent risk effect on early rejection is moderated via interaction with associated factors found in univariate analysis. Longer IT was associated with an increased risk of early rejection. In multivariable analysis, IT > 3.1 hours was an independent risk factor for early rejection (AOR 1.44, P = .01). No interaction terms between IT and any associated factors were significant. Longer IT is an independent risk for early rejection in pediatric HTx recipients. Better understanding the association between IT and early rejection may identify interventions to mitigate this risk.
Prevalence and Contributors to Low‐grade Inflammation in Three U.S. Populations of Reproductive Age Women
Authors: Sjaarda Lindsey A. , Radin Rose G. , Swanson Chandra , Kuhr Daniel L. , Mumford Sunni L. , Galai Noya , Silver Robert M. , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Perkins Neil J. , Schisterman Enrique F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundInflammation, measured by high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), is linked to adverse reproductive outcomes. However, prevalence and predictors of low‐grade inflammation are poorly understood among reproductive age women. Therefore, the current aim was to characterize: (i) the prevalence of elevated hsCRP and (ii) whether the association of various demographic, anthropometric, life style, and metabolic characteristics with higher hsCRP varies across populations of reproductive age women with varying risk profiles for adverse reproductive outcomes.MethodsBivariate analysis of characteristics among women ages 18–40 having hsCRP <2.0 vs. ≥2.0 mg/L in the BioCycle Study (N = 259), the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction Trial (EAGeR) (N = 1228), and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; N = 2173) were conducted. Multivariable regression analysis estimated the association of all characteristics to hsCRP within each cohort.ResultsPrevalence of hsCRP≥2 mg/L ranged from 20 to 40%. Age, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and insulin were frequently higher in women with hsCRP ≥2 mg/L. In multivariable models, however, only adiposity (BMI, waist circumference) was independently associated with hsCRP within all three cohorts. Some variables showed cohort‐specific associations with higher hsCRP: white race (EAGeR), higher fasting glucose (BioCycle), and lesser education and employment (NHANES). The total characteristics explained 28–46% of the variation in hsCRP across the three cohorts.ConclusionsLow‐grade inflammation was common, including among predominantly non‐obese women, affecting from 20 to 40% of reproductive age women. Given the potential to reduce inflammation through inexpensive, widely available therapies, examination of the impact of chronic inflammation on reproductive and pregnancy outcomes, as well as preventive interventions, are now needed.
Re‐emergence of rabies virus maintained by canid populations in Paraguay
Authors: Amarilla A. C. F. , Pompei J. C. A. , Araujo D. B. , Vázquez F. A. , Galeano R. R. , Delgado L. M. , Bogado G. , Colman M. , Sanabria L. , Iamamoto K. , Garcia R. , Assis D. , Recalde R. , Martorelli L. F. , Quiñones E. , Cabello A. , Martini M. , Cosivi O. , Durigon E. L. , Favoretto S. R. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryParaguay has registered no human cases of rabies since 2004, and the last case in dogs, reported in 2009, was due to a variant maintained in the common vampire bat “Desmodus rotundus”. In 2014, a dog was diagnosed as positive for rabies with aggression towards a boy and all required measures of control were successfully adopted. Epidemiological investigation revealed that the dog was not vaccinated and had been attacked by a crab‐eating fox, “zorro” (Cerdocyon thous). The sample was diagnosed by the Official Veterinary Service of the Country and sent to the Center on Rabies Research from the University of São Paulo, Brazil, for antigenic and genetic characterization. A second sample from a dog positive for rabies in the same region in 2015 and 11 samples from a rabies outbreak from Asuncion in 1996 were also characterized. The antigenic profile of the samples, AgV2, was compatible with one of the variants maintained by dogs in Latin America. In genetic characterization, the samples segregated in the canine (domestic and wild species)‐related group in an independent subgroup that also included samples from Argentina. These results and the epidemiology of the case indicate that even with the control of rabies in domestic animals, the virus can still circulate in wildlife and may be transmitted to domestic animals and humans, demonstrating the importance of continuous and improved surveillance and control of rabies, including in wild species, to prevent outbreaks in controlled areas.
Corrigendum: Local and global structure of connections on nonarchimedean curves
Authors: Kedlaya Kiran S. , Shiho Atsushi 
Published: September 2017

We correct some statements and proofs of K. S. Kedlaya [Local and global structure of connections on nonarchimedean curves, Compos. Math. 151 (2015), 1096–1156]. To summarize, Proposition 1.1.2 is false as written, and we provide here a corrected statement and proof (and a corresponding modification of Remark 1.1.3); the proofs of Theorem 2.3.17 and Theorem 3.8.16, which rely on Proposition 1.1.2, are corrected accordingly; some missing details in the proofs of Theorem 3.4.20 and Theorem 3.4.22 are filled in; and a few much more minor corrections are recorded.
Chromosome and Large Linear Plasmid Sequences of a Borrelia miyamotoi Strain Isolated from Ixodes pacificus Ticks from California
Authors: Kingry Luke C. , Replogle Adam , Dolan Marc , Sexton Christopher , Padgett Kerry A. , Schriefer Martin E. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Borrelia miyamotoi
, a relapsing fever group spirochete, is an emerging tick-borne pathogen. It has been identified in ixodid ticks across the Northern Hemisphere, including the West Coast of the United States. We describe the chromosome and large linear plasmid sequence of a
B. miyamotoi
isolate cultured from a California field-collected
Ixodes pacificus
tick.