bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone extracellular matrix hydrogel enhances osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and mouse primary calvarial cells
Authors: Alom Noura , Peto Heather , Kirkham Glen R. , Shakesheff Kevin M. , White Lisa J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHydrogel scaffolds derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of mammalian tissues have been successfully used to promote tissue repair in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic potential of ECM hydrogels prepared from demineralized and decellularized bovine bone in the presence and absence of osteogenic medium. Culture of C2C12 and mouse primary calvarial cells (mPCs) on decellularized bone ECM (bECM) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) gels resulted in increased expression of osteogenic gene markers, including a 3.6‐ and 13.4‐fold increase in osteopontin and 15.7‐ and 27.1‐fold increase in osteocalcin when mPCs were cultured upon bECM with basal and osteogenic media, respectively. bECM hydrogels stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 and mPCs even in the absence of osteogenic medium. These results suggest that bECM hydrogel scaffolds may have great utility in future clinical applications for bone tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 900–908, 2018.
The FASB Simplifies the Accounting for Share‐Based Payments
Authors: Nichols Nancy , Betancourt Luis , Scott Irana 
Published: April 2017

In this article, the authors explain the FASB's recently issued simplifications to accounting for share‐based payments. The areas of simplification include accounting for income taxes and award forfeitures and providing flexibility in statutory tax rates to meet withholding requirements. The authors provide examples of the revised accounting entries and examine the impact of the change in accounting for income taxes on the seven largest U.S. companies. With an effective date for years beginning after December 15, 2016, corporate accountants and financial executives need to understand the financial reporting implications of the changes that will add volatility to reported income tax expense, earnings, and effective tax rates of companies that rely heavily on share‐based payments.	© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developing a sustainable child and family service system after a community tragedy: Lessons from Sandy Hook
Authors: Hoagwood Kimberly Eaton , Olin Su‐chin Serene , Wang Nicole M. , Pollock Michele , Acri Mary , Glaeser Elizabeth , Whitmyre Emma D. , Storfer‐Isser Amy , Horwitz Sarah McCue 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article describes a systematic approach to assessing community services post‐Sandy Hook shooting. An evaluation team was invited to develop a sustainability plan for community services in Newtown. Service organizations, providers, and families were interviewed. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the range of services; respondent perspectives were coded using content analysis. We found that Newtown has a broad array of community services, but respondent groups varied in their perceptions of service adequacy. Consensus existed about core components of an ideal service system, including centralizing access; coordinating care, personalizing and tailoring services for families, and providing evidence‐based care. The strategic community assessment approach developed here may inform how communities examine their service capacity and develop sustainability plans post‐disaster.
Radiotherapy for liver cancer
Authors: Fukumitsu Nobuyoshi , Okumura Toshiyuki , Sakurai Hideyuki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn recent years, radiotherapy for liver cancer has accomplished much technical progress. The history of radiotherapy for liver cancer shows an endeavor to overcome the problem of how to raise the irradiation dose to lesions while suppressing the unnecessary irradiation dose to normal liver tissue. With the appearance of treatment using X‐ray radiotherapy represented by three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy, stereotactic body radiotherapy and particle beam therapy using proton beams and carbon ion beams, radiotherapy has become a safe and effective treatment option for liver cancers.
General practice departments of university hospitals and certified training programs for general practitioners in Japan: A nationwide questionnaire survey
Authors: Matsumoto Masatoshi , Mizooka Masafumi , Tazuma Susumu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn the reform of specialist training by Japanese Medical Specialty Board, general practice is expected to be one of 19 core specialties. University departments of general practice can play a central role in training board‐certified generalists, but whether they are actually preparing to do so is unknown.MethodWe sent a questionnaire to 79 universities and requested to forward it to the general practice department. Fifty‐six departments of general practice (37 public and 19 private universities) completed the questionnaire (response rate 71%).ResultsFifty‐one (91.9%) universities planned to be the base institutes of certified programs. The annual seats per program ranged from 2 to 20 (median 5). In these 51 university‐based programs, 33 (64.7%) departments provide the general practice II element. Twenty‐eight (54.9%) require the program trainees to belong to the departments (do nyukyoku) and 11 (21.6%) recommend that they do so. Forty‐seven (92.2%) programs had affiliated institutions in rural areas. Thirty‐nine (76.5%) were willing to accept graduates of regional quota (chiikiwaku). Twenty‐nine (56.9%) program directors took into account the obligatory service of regional quota when making the programs. Programs that accept regional quota graduates were more likely to be affiliated with rural institutions (P=.002) and conscious of the obligatory service in making the program than other programs (P<.001).ConclusionMost of the university departments have their own training programs. Many of them are willing to accept nyukyoku doctors and regional quota graduates. Universities intend to play an important role in graduating generalists and supporting their careers.
Extracting List Colorings from Large Independent Sets
Authors: Kierstead H. A. , Rabern Landon 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe take an application of the Kernel Lemma by Kostochka and Yancey [11] to its logical conclusion. The consequence is a sort of magical way to draw conclusions about list coloring (and online list coloring) just from the existence of an independent set incident to many edges. We use this to prove an Ore‐degree version of Brooks' Theorem for online list‐coloring. The Ore‐degree of an edge in a graph G is . The Ore‐degree of G is . We show that every graph with and is online ‐choosable. In addition, we prove an upper bound for online list‐coloring triangle‐free graphs: . Finally, we characterize Gallai trees as the connected graphs G with no independent set incident to at least edges.
Flip angle optimization for balanced SSFP: Cardiac cine imaging following the application of standard extracellular contrast agent (gadobutrol)
Authors: Kuetting Daniel L.R. , Dabir Darius , Luetkens Julian , Feisst Andreas , Homsi Rami , Thomas Daniel , Schild Hans H. , Sprinkart Alois M. 
Published: April 2017

PurposeTo investigate the effect of the flip angle (FA) on the blood‐myocardium contrast and to define the FA leading to highest image quality in contrast‐enhanced balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) images. bSSFP images provide excellent contrast between myocardium and blood with high signal‐to‐noise and contrast‐to‐noise ratios (SNR, CNR). In clinical practice, bSSFP images are typically acquired following the injection of extracellular contrast agents (ECAs), although ECAs decrease the blood‐myocardium contrast.Materials and MethodsFirst, a theoretical optimization was performed to determine the FA that maximizes CNR in bSSFP imaging 2–20 minutes after application of ECA. Second signal‐ratios, contrast, SNR, and CNR were assessed in vivo in 25 patients in bSSFP images at 1.5T acquired before (FA = 50°) and 10–15 minutes after (FAs = 50°, 80°, 90°, 100°) application of a double‐dose contrast agent. Image quality was assessed by two readers.ResultsSimulations yielded FAs in the range of 85–100° for optimal CNR in contrast‐enhanced images. In vivo comparison of conventionally acquired cine images (FA 50°) showed an increase in CNR between blood and myocardium by 57% in diastole and 78% in systole in adapted contrast‐enhanced bSSFP images (FA 100°). Contrast‐enhanced images with an FA of 100° were rated highest in image quality assessment.ConclusionBy means of FA adaptation a similar blood‐myocardium contrast can be achieved in contrast‐enhanced bSSFP as in unenhanced bSSFP imaging with an increase in CNR.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:255–261.
Deodorization of Arthrospira platensis biomass for further scale‐up food applications
Authors: Cuellar‐Bermúdez Sara P , Barba‐Davila Bertha , Serna‐Saldivar Sergio O , Parra‐Saldivar Roberto , Rodriguez‐Rodriguez José , Morales‐Davila Sandra , Goiris Koen , Muylaert Koenraad , Chuck‐Hernández Cristina 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDGiven the importance of A. platensis as a potential food protein source, we describe an affordable deodorization process that does not significantly affect the nutritional value of algae biomass.RESULTSEthanol, acetone or hexane were used to deodorize algae biomass and then to identify the profile of volatile compounds associated with its distinctive odor. Sensorial characteristics were improved in the biomass cake after the proposed solvent extraction. Panelists identified the ethanolic extract with the most pronounced algae‐related odor. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that a mixture of 20 different compounds derived from fatty acids and amino acids contributed to the characteristic smell of A. platensis biomass. The results of the present study show that the ethanol solvent‐free A. platensis biomass contained > 600 g kg−1 protein, < 10 g kg−1 crude fat and > 65% in vitro protein digestibility, similar to the original biomass. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy secondary protein structure was comparable among samples, indicating that the only change after ethanol extraction was a reduction of the algae smell.CONCLUSIONThe various extraction procedures investigated in the present study were effective in deodorizing the algae biomass. The most effective protocol was the removal of odoriferous compounds with ethanol. This particular procedure yielded an algae biomass with an improved sensorial traits. The results of the present study should help with the identification of odoriferous compounds derived from fatty acids, pigments and proteins associated with A. platensis. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Size fractionated phytoplankton biomass and net metabolism along a tropical estuarine gradient
Authors: Soria‐Píriz Sara , García‐Robledo Emilio , Papaspyrou Sokratis , Aguilar Virginia , Seguro Isabel , Acuña Jenaro , Morales Álvaro , Corzo Alfonso 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSize structure of phytoplankton determines to a large degree the trophic interactions in oceanic and coastal waters and eventually the destiny of its biomass. Although, tropical estuarine systems are some of the most productive systems worldwide compared to temperate systems, little is known about phytoplankton biomass size fractions, their contribution to net metabolism, or the ecological factors driving phytoplankton size distribution in tropical estuaries. Hence, we measured the size‐fractionated biomass and net metabolism of the plankton community along a salinity and nutrient gradient in the Gulf of Nicoya estuary (Costa Rica), during the dry season. Respiration (23.6 mmol O2 m−3 h−1) was highest at the estuary head, whereas maximum net primary production (23.1 mmol O2 m−3 h−1) was observed in the middle of the estuary, coinciding with the chlorophyll a maximum (15.9 mg m−3). Thus, only the middle section of the estuary was net autotrophic (2.9 g C m−2 d−1), with the rest of the estuary being net heterotrophic. Regression analysis identified light availability, and not nutrients, as the principal factor limiting primary production in the estuary due to increased turbidity. The changes in net metabolism along the estuary were also reflected in the phytoplankton's size structure. Although micro‐ and picophytoplankton were the most productive fractions overall, in the middle section of the estuary nanophytoplankton dominated primary production, chlorophyll, and autotrophic biomass.
Micro‐macro concurrent topology optimization for nonlinear solids with a decoupling multiscale analysis
Authors: Kato Junji , Yachi Daishun , Kyoya Takashi , Terada Kenjiro 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe present study proposes a method of micro‐macro concurrent topology optimization for a two‐phase nonlinear solid to minimize the end compliance of its macrostructure undergoing large deformation. To reduce the computational costs to solve a 2‐scale boundary value problem under geometrically nonlinear setting, we use the so‐called method of decoupling multiscale structural analysis, in which the microscopic and macroscopic boundary value problems are decoupled in the homogenization process. An isotropic hyperelasticity model is used for the constitutive model for microstructures, while an orthotropic one is assumed to represent the macroscopic material behavior. Owing to this decoupling framework, the micro‐macro concurrent optimization problem can be split into 2 individual problems at the microscale and macroscale for the sake of algorithmic simplicity. Also, a 2‐scale adjoint sensitivity analysis can be performed within the framework of computational homogenization. It is verified from a series numerical examples that the proposed method is capable of computing the optimal structures at both microscale and macroscale, according to the level of applied load.
Reclaiming Our Spirits: Development and Pilot Testing of a Health Promotion Intervention for Indigenous Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Varcoe Colleen , Browne Annette J. , Ford‐Gilboe Marilyn , Dion Stout Madeleine , McKenzie Holly , Price Roberta , Bungay Victoria , Smye Victoria , Inyallie Jane , Day Linda , Khan Koushambhi , Heino Angela , Merritt‐Gray Marilyn 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIndigenous women are subjected to high rates of multiple forms of violence, including intimate partner violence (IPV), in the context of ongoing colonization and neo‐colonization. Health promotion interventions for women who experience violence have not been tailored specifically for Indigenous women. Reclaiming Our Spirits (ROS) is a health promotion intervention designed for Indigenous women living in an urban context in Canada. In this paper, we describe the development of the intervention, results of a pilot study, and the revised subsequent intervention. Building on a theory‐based health promotion intervention (iHEAL) showing promising results in feasibility studies, ROS was developed using a series of related approaches including (a) guidance from Indigenous women with research expertise specific to IPV and Indigenous women's experiences; (b) articulation of an Indigenous lens, including using Cree (one of the largest Indigenous language groups in North America) concepts to identify key aspects; and (c) interviews with Elders (n = 10) living in the study setting. Offered over 6–8 months, ROS consists of a Circle, led by an Indigenous Elder, and 1:1 visits with a Registered Nurse, focused on six areas for health promotion derived from previous research. Pilot testing with Indigenous women (n = 21) produced signs of improvement in most measures of health from pre‐ to post‐intervention. Women found the pilot intervention acceptable and helpful but also offered valuable suggestions for improvement. A revised intervention, with greater structure within the Circle and nurses with stronger knowledge of Indigenous women's experience and community health, is currently undergoing testing. © 2017 The Authors.Research in Nursing & HealthPublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular dynamics simulation of brushes formed by star polyelectrolytes under theta solvent conditions
Authors: Miliou Kalliopi , Gergidis Leonidas N. , Vlahos Costas 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTUsing molecular dynamics simulations, we have studied polyelectrolyte brushes formed by partially or fully charged star polymers tethered on a planar surface under theta solvent conditions. The diagram of states for salt‐free solutions differs in the location of osmotic regime (OB) compared with the respective diagram reported by Borisov and Zhulina. In contrast, simulation results dictate that the OB regime appears for values of the ratio F/α−1/2 lB−1 much larger than unity, which is the threshold of counterion localization, with F denoting the branch functionality, α the charged units fraction and lB the Bjerrum length. The simulation results support that the brush height scaling laws H∼ α2 lB F1.049S3s−1 and H∼ α0.302 F0.23S for the charged Pincus Brush (PB) and osmotic (OB) regimes, respectively, where S is the spacer length and s is the grafted area per star chain. The respective theoretical scaling laws are H∼ α2 lB F1.88S3s−1 and H∼ α1/2 F0.44S. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1110–1117
Long‐term clinical impact of PSA surge in castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone
Authors: Conteduca Vincenza , Caffo Orazio , Lolli Cristian , Aieta Michele , Scarpi Emanuela , Bianchi Emanuela , Maines Francesca , Schepisi Giuseppe , Salvi Samanta , Massari Francesco , Carrozza Francesco , Veccia Antonello , Chiuri Vincenzo E. , Campadelli Enrico , Facchini Gaetano , De Giorgi Ugo 
Published: April 2017

Background: Early changes in PSA have been evaluated in association to treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to assess PSA surge phenomenon in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients treated with abiraterone and to correlate those variations with long‐term treatment outcome.Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 330 CRPC patients in 11 Italian hospitals, monitoring PSA levels at baseline and every 4 weeks. Other clinical, biochemical and molecular parameters were determined at baseline. We considered PSA surge as PSA increase within the first 8 weeks from starting abiraterone more than 1% from baseline followed by a PSA decline. The log‐rank test was applied to compare survival between groups of patients according to PSA surge. The impact of PSA surge on survival was evaluated by Cox regression analyses.Results: A total of 330 patients with CRPC, median age 74 years (range, 45–90), received abiraterone (281 chemotherapy‐treated and 49 chemotherapy‐naïve). PSA surge was observed in 20 (7%) post‐chemotherapy and 2 (4%) chemotherapy‐naïve patients. For overall patients presenting PSA surge, timing of PSA peak from baseline was 5 ± 1.8 weeks and PSA rise from baseline was 21 ± 18.4%. The overall median follow‐up was 23 months (range 1–62). No significant differences in progression‐free survival and overall survival were observed between patients with and without PSA surge (P = 0.16 and =0.86, respectively). In addition, uni‐ and multivariate analyses showed no baseline factors related to PSA surge.Conclusion: PSA surge occurs in both chemotherapy‐treated and chemotherapy‐naïve patients treated with abiraterone resulting, however, in no long‐term impact on outcome. Physicians and patients should be aware of PSA surge challenge to prevent a premature discontinuation of potentially effective therapy with abiraterone. Further larger and prospective studies are warranted to investigate this not infrequent phenomenon.
Microstructural characterization of oxide layers formed on Ni–20Cr–8Al alloy foam using transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Kim Hyung Giun , Lim Sung Hwan 
Published: April 2017

Microstructural characterization was carried out during the pre‐oxidation of Ni–20Cr–8Al alloy foam using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). During the pre‐oxidation at 1000 °C for 1, 30, and 60 min in air, the sequential formations of NiO, NiCr2O4, Cr2O3, and α‐Al2O3 1‐μm‐thick oxide layers were, respectively, characterized. Initially, during pre‐oxidization, the layers formed abnormally in an island growth mode, but they grew to be morphologically uniform after 30 min. Pores were found after only 1 min in the middle region of the oxide layers, near the Cr2O3 layer, and then these developed into critical micro‐cracks after 60 min. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cover Image, Volume 6, Issue 3
Authors: Jussila Maria , Ciruna Brian 
Published: April 2017

The cover image, by Maria Jussila and Brian Ciruna, is based on the Focus Article Zebrafish models of non‐canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity signalling: fishing for valuable insight into vertebrate polarized cell behavior, DOI: 10.1002/wdev.267.
image
Families, Households and Society
Authors: Allan Graham , Crow Graham 
Published: April 2017

Recent decades have witnessed remarkable changes in family patterns and household organisation. In particular, contemporary family and household relationships have become far more diverse than they were previously. This book examines the character of these changes, providing a systematic overview of the ways in which domestic arrangements have been altering. Moreover, it places these developments in family and domestic life in their wider economic, social and demographic contexts, showing how family patterns can be understood only by linking what happens inside families with the broader environments in which they operate.
Particular attention is paid in the text to the growth of new forms of solidarity and fragmentation within families and households, including cohabitation, divorce, lone-parent households and step-families. The book also focuses on the dynamics of family and household organisation, emphasising the changes that occur in people's domestic relationships as their life course position alters. Thus, in addition to examining the contemporary organisation of marriage, including the domestic division of labour and patterns of resource allocation, it also analyses the household and family circumstances of young adults and people over retirement age.
In focusing on diversity and change in domestic relationships the book reflects the revitalisation evident in the sociology of family life in recent years, a period in which new research questions and fresh understandings have emerged about the ways in which people organise their lives as members of households and families.
Graham Allan is Reader in Sociology at the University of Southampton. His interests include sociology of the family, community and friendship.
Graham Crow is Senior Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Southampton. His interests include the sociology of domestic life, community, sociological theory and comparative sociology.