bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and enablers to addressing smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical activity and gestational weight gain (SNAP-W) as part of antenatal care: A mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Dilworth Sophie , Doherty Emma , Mallise Carly , Licata Milly , Hollis Jenna , Wynne Olivia , Lane Cassandra , Wolfenden Luke , Wiggers John , Kingsland Melanie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
International clinical guidelines recommend that smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical activity and gestational weight gain (SNAP-W) be addressed as part of routine antenatal care throughout pregnancy. However, guideline recommendations are poorly implemented, and few antenatal care recipients routinely receive the recommended care. There is a need to establish the determinants (barriers and enablers) to care delivery to inform strategies to improve implementation. This systematic review aimed to synthesize qualitative and quantitative evidence of the barriers and enablers to the routine delivery of antenatal care targeting SNAP-W health risks.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Seven databases were searched for relevant studies published between January 2001 and November 2023. Study findings were coded and analysed according to the domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Results
Forty-nine studies were included in the review, 27 qualitative studies and 22 quantitative studies. The studies were conducted in 14 countries. Data were collected from 7146 antenatal care providers (midwives, Aboriginal health workers, obstetricians, medical officers, general practitioners) and 352 barriers and enablers were identified. Across all SNAP-W health risk and antenatal care provider groups, the predominant TDF domain was ‘environmental context and resources’, identified in 96% of studies. Barriers within this domain included insufficient time, limited access to and quality of resources, and limited organisational supports. ‘Beliefs about consequences’ was the second most common TDF domain, reported in 67% of studies, particularly studies of care related to alcohol use, nutrition/ physical activity/ gestational weight gain and those involving midwives, multidisciplinary practitioners and general practitioners. ‘Optimism’ was the second most common TDF domain for studies of smoking-related care and involving obstetricians, gynaecologists, and other mixed medical professions.

Conclusions
It is critical that determinants related to environmental context and resources including time, resources and organisational supports are considered in the development of strategies to support the implementation of recommended antenatal care related to SNAP-W risks. Strategies addressing clinician beliefs about consequences and optimism may also be needed to support the implementation of care related to specific health behaviours and by specific antenatal care provider groups.

Registration
The review protocol was prospectively registered with Prospero: CRD42022353084; 22 October 2022.
Assessment of pulmonary hypertension in patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Helal Emad H. , Abdella Ali Mohamed Ali , Hantera Mohamed S. , Faraghly Aymen Abdelahmid , Farhat Amgad A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a condition affecting small arteries of the pulmonary vasculature, inducing progressive blockage that results in increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) as well as pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), which are defining features of such a disorder. This work was aimed at investigating the PH prevalence among chronic kidney disease (CKD) cases and its linkage to disease severity and the relations between CKD management and PH.

Methods
Our prospective observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 CKD patients at the Chest Department, Tanta University Hospitals and Air Forces Specialized Hospitals from December 2020 to December 2022.

Results
The most frequent diagnosis of PH was Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (36.7%) followed by Group 2 cardiac causes (30%) followed by Group 4 chronic thromboembolic PH (26.7%) and (6.7%) experienced normal pulmonary hemodynamics by RHC. Also, a statistically significant correlation was documented among CKD staging as well as risk assessment of PH (p 0.024). A significant association was documented among treatment as well as risks for developing PH (p 0.034). Patients on medical treatment (60%) showed low risk while (33.3%) of patients depending on dialysis showed high risk.

Conclusions
PH was diagnosed in 28 CKD patients confirmed by right (RT) side cardiac catheterization among 120 CKD patients studied for PH assessment representing 23.5%. Right-side cardiac catheterization is more accurate than echocardiography in confirming the diagnosis of PH. The severity of PH showed significant association with the CKD stage.
Predator traits influence uptake and trophic transfer of nanoplastics in aquatic systems–a mechanistic study
Authors: Ockenden Amy , Mitrano Denise M. , Kah Melanie , Tremblay Louis A. , Simon Kevin S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPredicting the response of aquatic species to environmental contaminants is challenging, in part because of the diverse biological traits within communities that influence their uptake and transfer of contaminants. Nanoplastics are a contaminant of growing concern, and previous research has documented their uptake and transfer in aquatic food webs. Employing an established method of nanoplastic tracking using metal-doped plastics, we studied the influence of biological traits on the uptake of nanoplastic from water and diet in freshwater predators through two exposure assays. We focused on backswimmers (Anisops wakefieldi) and damselfly larvae (Xanthocnemis zealandica) - two freshwater macroinvertebrates with contrasting physiological and morphological traits related to feeding and respiration strategies. Our findings reveal striking differences in nanoplastic transfer dynamics: damselfly larvae accumulated nanoplastics from water and diet and then efficiently eliminated 92% of nanoplastic after five days of depuration. In contrast, backswimmers did not accumulate nanoplastic from either source. Differences in nanoplastic transfer dynamics may be explained by the contrasting physiological and morphological traits of these organisms. Overall, our results highlight the importance and potential of considering biological traits in predicting transfer of nanoplastics through aquatic food webs.
New Insight for Enhanced Topical Targeting of Caffeine for Effective Cellulite Treatment: In Vitro Characterization, Permeation Studies, and Histological Evaluation in Rats
Authors: Fouad Shahinaze A. , Badr Taher A. , Abdelbary Ahmed , Fadel Maha , Abdelmonem Rehab , Jasti Bhaskara R. , El-Nabarawi Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cellulite (CLT) is one of the commonly known lipodystrophy syndromes affecting post-adolescent women worldwide. It is topographically characterized by an orange-peel, dimpled skin appearance hence, it is an unacceptable cosmetic problem. CLT can be modulated by surgical procedures such as; liposuction and mesotherapy. But, these options are invasive, expensive and risky. For these reasons, topical CLT treatments are more preferred. Caffeine (CA), is a natural alkaloid that is well-known for its prominent anti-cellulite effects. However, its hydrophilicity hinders its cutaneous permeation. Therefore, in the present study CA was loaded into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) by high shear homogenization/ultrasonication. CA-SLNs were prepared using Compritol® 888 ATO and stearic acid as solid lipids, and span 60 and brij™35, as lipid dispersion stabilizing agents. Formulation variables were adjusted to obtain entrapment efficiency (EE > 75%), particle size (PS < 350 nm), zeta potential (ZP < −25 mV) and polydispersity index (PDI < 0.5). CA-SLN-4 was selected and showed maximized EE (92.03 ± 0.16%), minimized PS (232.7 ± 1.90 nm), and optimum ZP (−25.15 ± 0.65 mV) and PDI values (0.24 ± 0.02). CA-SLN-4 showed superior CA release (99.44 ± 0.36%) compared to the rest CA-SLNs at 1 h. TEM analysis showed spherical, nanosized CA-SLN-4 vesicles. Con-LSM analysis showed successful CA-SLN-4 permeation transepidermally and via shunt diffusion. CA-SLN-4 incorporated into Noveon AA−1® hydrogel (CA-SLN-Ngel) showed accepted physical/rheological properties, and in vitro release profile. Histological studies showed that CA-SLN-Ngel significantly reduced mean subcutaneous fat tissue (SFT) thickness with 4.66 fold (p = 0.035) and 4.16 fold (p = 0.0001) compared to CA-gel, at 7th and 21st days, respectively. Also, significant mean SFT thickness reduction was observed compared to untreated group with 4.83 fold (p = 0.0005) and 3.83 fold (p = 0.0043), at 7th and 21st days, respectively. This study opened new avenue for CA skin delivery via advocating the importance of skin appendages. Hence, CA-SLN-Ngel could be a promising nanocosmeceutical gel for effective CLT treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Association of Short-term Pain and Chronic Pain Intensity With Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity Progression: A Multistate Markov Model Analysis
Authors: Chen Dongze , Zhang Yali , Zhou Yi , Liang Zhisheng 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
The impact of pain intensity on the progression trajectories of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is not well understood. We attempted to dissect the relationship of short-term pain (STP) and chronic pain intensity with the temporal progression of CMM.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective cohort study based on the UK Biobank participants. Incident cases of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) were identified based on self-reported information and multiple health-related records in the UK Biobank. CMM was defined as the occurrence of at least 2 CMDs, including heart failure (HF), ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The pain intensity was categorized into 5 levels based on pain duration and the number of sites involved, including chronic widespread pain (CWSP), chronic multilocation pain (CMLP), chronic single-location pain (CSLP), STP, and free-of-pain (FOP). Multistate models were used to assess the impact of pain intensity on the CMM trajectories from enrollment to initial cardiometabolic disease (ICMD), subsequently to CMM, and ultimately to death.

RESULTS:
A total of 429,145 participants were included. Over the course of a 12.8-year median follow-up, 13.1% (56,137/429,145) developed ICMD, 19.6% (10,979/56,137) further progressed to CMM, and a total of 5.3% (22,775/429,145) died. Compared with FOP, CMLP (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.17) and CWSP (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13–1.42) elevated the risk of transitioning from ICMD to CMM. STP (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82–0.96), CSLP (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82–0.95), and CMLP (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81–0.93) lowered the risk of transition from ICMD to mortality, and STP also reduced the risk of transition from enrollment to mortality (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89–0.98). The results of disease-specific transitions revealed that the influence of pain intensity varied across transitional stages. Specifically, CMLP and CWSP heightened the risk of conversion from T2D or IHD to CMM, whereas only CWSP substantially elevated the transition risk from HF to CMM.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results highlighted reductions in chronic pain may mitigate both the onset and progression of CMM, potentially having an important impact on future revisions of cardiometabolic and pain-related guidelines.
Optimal Infusion Rate of Norepinephrine for Prevention of Spinal Hypotension for Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Using Up-Down Sequential Allocation
Authors: Khatoon Fatima , Kocarev Mitko , Fernando Roshan , Naz Amber , Khalid Fouzia , Ibrahim Abdalla Eynas Omer , Columb Malachy 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Norepinephrine has recently been suggested to be as effective as phenylephrine for the prevention of hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Moreover, compared to phenylephrine, norepinephrine may be superior in maintaining heart rate (HR) and consequently, cardiac output (CO). A recent study demonstrated that norepinephrine given as a single intravenous bolus is approximately 13 times more potent than phenylephrine. However, it is uncertain whether this finding can be applied when these vasopressors are administered as infusions. Therefore, the optimum infusion rate of norepinephrine remains unknown. We aimed to determine the median effective dose (ED50; defined as the rate of vasopressor infusion required to prevent spinal hypotension in 50% of subjects) of both drugs needed to maintain maternal systolic blood pressure within 20% of the baseline after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery and to derive the relative potency ratio.

METHODS:
Sixty healthy patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery with standardized spinal anesthesia were randomized into 2 groups. The first patient in group 1 received phenylephrine 1200 µg in normal saline 0.9% w/v 60 mL at 60 mL/h infusion rate (20 µg.min−1). The first patient in group 2 received norepinephrine 96 µg in normal saline 0.9% w/v 60 mL at 60 mL/h infusion rate (1.6 µg.min−1). Using up-down sequential allocation technique, the vasopressor dose for every subsequent patient was determined by the response in the previous patient. If effective, the next patient received a dose reduced by 150 µg of phenylephrine (2.5 µg.min−1) or 12 µg (0.2 µg.min−1) of norepinephrine. If ineffective, the dose for the next patient was increased by the same amount. The ED50s were determined according to the Dixon-Massey formula. Stroke volume (SV), HR, and CO were also measured.

RESULTS:
The ED50 was 12.7 µg.min−1 (95% CI, 10.5–14.9) for phenylephrine and 1.01 µg.min−1 (95% CI, 0.84–1.18) for norepinephrine, giving a potency ratio of 12.6 (95% CI, 9.92–15.9). HR, SV, and CO did not differ between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Norepinephrine is more potent than phenylephrine by a factor of approximately 13 when administered as infusion for equivalent maternal blood pressure control. Based on these findings, we recommend a variable rate prophylactic infusion of norepinephrine to be initiated at 1.9 to 3.8 µg.min−1 for the management of hypotension during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia.
Transparent Citizenship: The Racialization of Privacy in Post–World War II Japanese American Fiction
Authors: Suzuki Erin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Written in the wake of the Japanese incarceration and the emergence of new Cold War discourses around race, privacy, and democracy, Hisaye Yamamoto’s and John Okada’s works mark a shift from the specific targeting of Japanese Americans as individuals whose citizenship was contingent upon enforced transparency to the broader suspicion of the more generalized “Oriental” as a figure whose opacity becomes an excuse for racialized surveillance and policing in the name of national security. As formerly interned or imprisoned individuals, Yamamoto’s and Okada’s protagonists begin their stories already understanding the contingency of their right to privacy and the expectations of transparency that attend their reentry into the mainstream of US society. This article argues that Yamamoto’s and Okada’s depictions of this transparent citizenship not only critique the limitations and burdens of proof that it places on racialized (and otherwise minoritized) individuals, but also articulate ways to think differently about citizenship itself. What if US citizenship were understood as a formation that did not fetishize the role of individual agency in the process of self-determination? What if the goal of transparency was not to expose or condemn the individual but to better illuminate the parts that individuals play in the construction of our society, and the complexity of their connections to others? And how might transparent citizenship be reconceptualized to empower, rather than infantilize, citizens vis-à-vis the state, by giving us information we might need to imagine and remake the power dynamics of this relationship?
The Suspended States of Latinx Literature
Authors: Miranda Joseph Isaac 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article lingers in the suspended time of Justin Torres’s We the Animals (2011), a story of loss, alienation, and an errant desire to remain underwater. Written in the long durée of US coloniality, Torres’s novel resists the narrative conventions of the bildungsroman to contend with the ways Latinx literature is bound to narratives of forestalled self-development and failed incorporation. Such uneven relations are traced back to the ethnographic frameworks emplotted in the Insular Cases—which are a set of Supreme Court decisions that have suspended Puerto Rico into statelessness since 1901. This article argues that Torres’s refusal of narrative convention reveals how the dictates of the Insular Cases have seeped into ethnographic understandings of Latinx as suspended from normativity at large. However, Torres’s tactical use of suspension refuses to move toward legible subjecthood or linger in despair. Rather, the novel tarries with the irregular conditions of Latinx life to posit shared alienation as the groundwork for a larger, vibrant brown sociality in the ongoing muck of the Insular Cases.
More than “A Matter of Deciding To”: Citizenship, Border Positionality, and Irresolution in Louise Erdrich’s The Night Watchman
Authors: Lauria Florencia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article considers Indigenous refusal to state-imposed US citizenship through a reading of Louise Erdrich’s The Night Watchman (2020). The novel follows the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa’s struggle to remain a federally recognized tribe during the US government’s move toward tribal termination in the 1950s. While the characters’ appeal to the US government could be construed simply as a plea for state recognition, the novel’s insistence on Chippewa kinship structures as a simultaneous and legitimate expression of the characters’ political identities suggests otherwise. Taking up conversations in Indigenous studies pertaining to the limits of state recognition and the possibilities of generative forms of refusal, the article expands upon Mohawk scholar Audra Simpson’s (2014) model of refusal with an emphasis on irresolution. This irresolution is manifested in the novel’s narrative form—which refuses closure. The article uses the term border positionalities to describe the unresolved and unsettled tension between the characters’ Indigenous and settler political identities. It contends that the incommensurability of these social and political identities makes Erdrich’s novel an important text for reading citizenship as an ongoing site of struggle for Indigenous people.
Primal-Dual Extrapolation Methods for Monotone Inclusions Under Local Lipschitz Continuity
Authors: Lu Zhaosong , Mei Sanyou 
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we consider a class of monotone inclusion (MI) problems of finding a zero of the sum of two monotone operators, in which one operator is maximal monotone, whereas the other is locally Lipschitz continuous. We propose primal-dual (PD) extrapolation methods to solve them using a point and operator extrapolation technique, whose parameters are chosen by a backtracking line search scheme. The proposed methods enjoy an operation complexity of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], measured by the number of fundamental operations consisting only of evaluations of one operator and resolvent of the other operator, for finding an ε-residual solution of strongly and nonstrongly MI problems, respectively. The latter complexity significantly improves the previously best operation complexity [Formula: see text]. As a byproduct, complexity results of the primal-dual extrapolation methods are also obtained for finding an ε-KKT or ε-residual solution of convex conic optimization, conic constrained saddle point, and variational inequality problems under local Lipschitz continuity. We provide preliminary numerical results to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods. Funding: This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant IIS-2211491], the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-24-1-2702], and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant FA9550-24-1-0343].
Single snapshot-based miniaturized mid-infrared spectrometer with a dielectric metasurface
Authors: Zhan Hantao , Chen Qikai , Pian Sijie , Gao Yixiao , Lu Chengtao , Wang Zhuning , Gao Yubin , Zhang Yulei , Ma Yaoguang 
Published: October 2024

Mid-infrared spectroscopy is critical for applications like environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics, as it includes the fundamental vibrational frequencies of many molecular bonds, enabling detailed chemical analysis. We developed a miniature mid-infrared spectrometer using a fully dielectric metasurface operating in the 3–5 µm range. By combining simple structural units, design flexibility was enhanced, resulting in rich spectral data. The spectrometer was evaluated using narrowband, broadband, and transmission spectra of real materials. We detected the spectral responses of metasurface arrays and determined the unknown spectrum using an algorithm based on Tikhonov regularization with generalized cross-validation. By reconstructing multiple narrow spectra obtained through rotating the filters, spectral resolution intervals of approximately 10 nm were achieved.
Risk of death in England following a positive SARS-CoV-2 test: A retrospective national cohort study (March 2020 to September 2022)
Authors: Bauer-Staeb Clarissa , Holleyman Richard James , Barnard Sharmani , Hughes Andrew , Dunn Samantha , Fox Sebastian , Fitzpatrick Justine , Newton John , Fryers Paul , Burton Paul , Goldblatt Peter 
Published: October 2024

Background
We aimed to estimate the relative risk of mortality following a first positive SARS-CoV-2 test during the first, second, and third waves of the COVID-19pandemic in England by age, sex, and vaccination status, taking into account pre-existing health conditions and lifestyle factors.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all individuals registered with the National Health Service (NHS) in England from 1 March 2020 to September 2022. Data for all individuals were obtained and linked including primary care records, hospital admission episodes, SARS-CoV-2 test results, vaccinations, and death registrations. We fitted Cox Proportional Hazards models with time dependent covariates for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection to model the risk of subsequent mortality.

Results
The hazard ratio for death after testing positive for subsequent, compared with those not testing positive, amongst unvaccinated individuals, ranged from 11 to 89 by age and sex, in the first four weeks following a positive test in wave one and reduced to 14 to 50 in wave three. This hazard was further reduced amongst those who had three vaccines to between 1.4 and 7 in wave three.

Conclusions
This study provides robust estimates of increased mortality risk among those who tested positive over the first three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in England. The estimates show the impact of various factors affecting the risk of mortality from COVID-19. The results provide the first step towards estimating the magnitude and pattern of mortality displacement due to COVID-19, which is essential to understanding subsequent mortality rates in England.