bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Reprogramming to Pluripotency Is a Rare Event and Selects for Patient Hematopoietic Cells Devoid of Leukemic Mutations
Authors: Lee Jong-Hee , Salci Kyle R. , Reid Jennifer C. , Orlando Luca , Tanasijevic Borko , Shapovalova Zoya , Bhatia Mickie 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming has provided critical insights into disease processes by modeling the genetics and related clinical pathophysiology. Human cancer represents highly diverse genetics, as well as inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity, where cellular model systems capable of capturing this disease complexity would be invaluable. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents one of most heterogeneous cancers and has been divided into genetic subtypes correlated with unique risk stratification over the decades. Here, we report our efforts to induce pluripotency from the heterogeneous population of human patients that represents this disease in the clinic. Using robust optimized reprogramming methods, we demonstrate that reprogramming of AML cells harboring leukemic genomic aberrations is a rare event with the exception of those with de novo mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) mutations that can be reprogrammed and model drug responses in vitro. Our findings indicate that unlike hematopoietic cells devoid of genomic aberrations, AML cells harboring driver mutations are refractory to reprogramming. Expression of MLL fusion proteins in AML cells did not contribute to induced reprogramming success, which continued to select for patient derived cells devoid of AML patient-specific aberrations. Our study reveals that unanticipated blockades to achieving pluripotency reside within the majority of transformed AML patient cells.
Essential Roles of Thyroid Hormone-Regulated Hyaluronan/CD44 Signaling in Adult Stem Cell Development During Xenopus laevis Intestinal Remodeling
Authors: Hasebe Takashi , Fujimoto Kenta , Kajita Mitsuko , Ishizuya-Oka Atsuko 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In the amphibian intestine during metamorphosis, thyroid hormone (TH) induces some larval epithelial cells to dedifferentiate into stem cells, which generate the adult epithelium analogous to the mammalian intestinal epithelium. We have previously shown that the canonical Wnt signaling pathway is involved in adult epithelial development in the Xenopus laevis intestine. To understand the function of this pathway more precisely, we here focused on CD44, a major Wnt target, which has been identified as a TH response gene in the X. laevis intestine. Our in situ hybridization analysis indicated that CD44 mRNA is detectable in adult epithelial primordia consisting of the adult stem/progenitor cells and is strongly expressed in the connective tissue (CT) cells surrounding them. Interestingly, when the expression of CD44 mRNA is the highest, hyaluronan (HA), a principle ligand of CD44, is newly synthesized and becomes most abundantly distributed in the CT just beneath the adult epithelial primordia that are actively proliferating. Thereafter, as the adult primordia differentiate into the simple columnar epithelium, the expression of CD44 mRNA is gradually downregulated. More importantly, using organ cultures of the X. laevis tadpole intestine in the presence of TH, we have experimentally shown that inhibition of HA synthesis by 4-methylumbelliferone suppresses development of not only the CT but also the epithelial stem cells, resulting in failure to generate the AE. Our findings strongly suggest that TH-upregulated HA/CD44 signaling plays an essential role in formation of the intestinal stem cell niche during vertebrate postembryonic development.
Successful Surgical Treatment of Intractable Chylous Ascites Using the Lymphatic Cable Flap: A Retrospective Review Study
Authors: Chen Shih‐Heng , Yeh Li‐Fan , Ciudad Pedro , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveFor evaluation of a novel surgical procedure for the treatment of chylous ascites.Summary background dataChylous ascites is a debilitating condition associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. At least one‐third of patients are refractory to medical therapy and may warrant further treatment. Traditional methods involving ligation of lymphatic fistulas or small bowel resection do not address the basic pathophysiologic mechanism of the underlying obstruction, and identification of chyloperitoneal fistulas may be challenging.MethodsA novel flap based on deep inferior epigastric vessels with its surrounding lymphatic fatty tissue was designed in this study and transferred into abdominal cavity, with anastomosis to the fourth jejunal vessels. Three consecutive cases with chylous ascites treated by this vascularized lymphatic cable transfer were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsAll three patients recovered from chylous ascites after the lymphatic cable transfer and tolerated regular diet well, with follow‐up of 3 years at least.ConclusionsLymphatic cable flap based on the deep inferior epigastric vessels could be a potential option for treatment of intractable chylous ascites, with safe and successful long‐term outcomes in three consecutive patients. The proposed functional mechanism of the flap is bypass of the obstructed intra‐abdominal lymphatics to an extraperitoneal route as well as local lymphangiogenesis.
Differential immune responses of Monochamus alternatus against symbiotic and entomopathogenic fungi
Authors: Zhang Wei , Meng Jie , Ning Jing , Qin Peijun , Zhou Jiao , Zou Zhen , Wang Yanhong , Jiang Hong , Ahmad Faheem , Zhao Lilin , Sun Jianghua 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Monochamus alternatus, the main vector beetles of invasive pinewood nematode, has established a symbiotic relationship with a native ectotrophic fungal symbiont, Sporothrix sp. 1, in China. The immune response of M. alternatus to S. sp. 1 in the coexistence of beetles and fungi is, however, unknown. Here, we report that immune responses of M. alternatus pupae to infection caused by ectotrophic symbiotic fungus S. sp. 1 and entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana differ significantly. The S. sp. 1 did not kill the beetles while B. bassiana killed all upon injection. The transcriptome results showed that the numbers of differentially expressed genes in M. alternatus infected with S. sp. 1 were 2-fold less than those infected with B. bassiana at 48 hours post infection. It was noticed that Toll and IMD pathways played a leading role in the beetle’s immune system when infected by symbiotic fungus, but upon infection by entomopathogenic fungus, only the Toll pathway gets triggered actively. Furthermore, the beetles could tolerate the infection of symbiotic fungi by retracing their Toll and IMD pathways at 48 h. This study provided a comprehensive sequence resource of M. alternatus transcriptome for further study of the immune interactions between host and associated fungi.
Laboratory Study on the Oil Displacement Properties of Sugar Amine Sulfonate Surfactant
Authors: Pu Wanfen , Gu Jiongyi , Zhao Tianhong , Liu Lei , Wang Ning , Gu Fei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA sugar amine sulfonate surfactant (SAS) was used to enhance oil recovery by chemical flooding. The interfacial tension between an SAS solution and four kinds of crude oil was determined. Oil (4) containing the largest amount of medium chain length components was the most suitable candidate because the IFT could be reduced to an ultralow range (10−3 mN/m) at optimum NaCl concentration. Emulsions consisting of oil (4) and SAS solution and the adsorption density of SAS on sandstone were studied. Compared with A37 (alkyl ether sulfate), SAS ws able to form more stable emulsions and the adsorption density was equivalent in the typical concentration range of chemical flooding. Both SAS and A37 adsorption data on sandstone followed the Langmuir isotherm model. SAS increased the apparent viscosity of KY‐1500 (modified polyacrylamide) in a low concentration range and improve the viscoelasticity. A combination of SAS and KY‐1500 (SP) enhanced oil recovery by 16.05 versus 14.31% (using KY‐1500 alone).
Guideline on peri-operative glycemic control for adult patient with diabetic mellitus: Resource limited areas
Authors: Berhe Yophtahe Woldegerima , Gebregzi Amare Hailekiros , Endalew Nigussie Simeneh 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Poor glucose control/Hyperglycemia is associated with perioperative complications. Optimal evidence-based perioperative blood glucose control in patients undergoing surgical procedures remains controversial. There are different controversial approaches on glycemic control based on variety of evidences. So it is important to design and developed protocol to provide safe perioperative care for diabetic patients that align with our clinical setup. The objective of this guideline was to improve care provision regarding glucose control in diabetic patients during the Perioperative period.

Methods
PubMed through HINARI, Google Scholars and other search engines were used to find high level evidences that help to draw appropriate conclusions.

Discussion
Comparing conventional and intensive glucose control, even though, intensive approach was found associated with reduced complication rates, recent large scale studies concluded no difference in complication rates, organ failure, and ventilator support requirements. The intensive approach, even found associated with more episodes of hypoglycemia and higher delayed mortality rates. Regarding insulin administration modalities, continuous infusion was found to help stable glycemic control, reduce 30-days re-admission, and postoperative infections.

Conclusion
Diabetic patients frequently come to operation theatre for wide range of procedures. One of the challenging aspects of peri-operative care in these patient groups is appropriate glycemic control. The management should be guided by the pre-operative glycemic control, type and duration of the operation (minor or major) and functional reserve of patients. The guideline has been summarized in flow chart form to simplify its application.

Highlights
Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in syncope patients
Authors: Crooks Sean , Lang Eddy 
Published: July 2017

Clinical questionHow often is pulmonary embolism (PE) found in patients admitted for syncope?Article chosenPrandoni P, Lensing A, Prins M, et al. Prevalence of pulmonary embolism among patients hospitalized for syncope (PESIT). N Engl J Med 2016;375:1524-31, doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1602172.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of PE in patients hospitalized for a first episode of syncope.
Emergency Preparedness in Elderly Care in Sweden: A Study of Staff Perspectives
Authors: Cuadra Carin Björngren 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the interface between elderly care and emergency preparedness from the elderly care staff’s perspective.MethodsA web-based questionnaire was sent to elderly care staff in 4 Swedish municipalities. The questions involved experiences of extraordinary events, education and exercises, and risk and vulnerability analyses, evaluations of main risks and emergency preparedness, and familiarity with preparedness plans. In total, 568 elderly care staff responded.ResultsBetween 15% and 25% of the respondents claimed experiences of extraordinary events, exercises and education, and risk and vulnerability analyses. The same number claimed familiarity with the organization’s preparedness plan, whereas ~85% answered that they need more education and exercises. Emergency preparedness was evaluated as important. The experiences and risks referred to pertained to both official categories used within emergency preparedness and issues such as work conditions, seniors’ fall accidents.ConclusionElderly care staff, though highly motivated, do not seem to be involved in emergency preparedness and are not targeted to a large extent when education and training are organized. A development of the interface between emergency preparedness and elderly care could require a clarification of the scope and context of emergency preparedness and of differing understandings of central concepts. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:86–93)
Proposed “Exposure And Symptom Triage” (EAST) Tool to Assess Radiation Exposure After a Nuclear Detonation
Authors: Hick John L. , Bader Judith L. , Coleman C. Norman , Ansari Armin J. , Chang Arthur , Salame-Alfie Adela , Hanfling Dan , Koerner John F. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTOne of the biggest medical challenges after the detonation of a nuclear device will be implementing a strategy to assess the severity of radiation exposure among survivors and to triage them appropriately. Those found to be at significant risk for radiation injury can be prioritized to receive potentially lifesaving myeloid cytokines and to be evacuated to other communities with intact health care infrastructure prior to the onset of severe complications of bone marrow suppression. Currently, the most efficient and accessible triage method is the use of sequential complete blood counts to assess lymphocyte depletion kinetics that correlate with estimated whole-body dose radiation exposure. However, even this simple test will likely not be available initially on the scale required to assess the at-risk population. Additional variables such as geographic location of exposure, sheltering, and signs and symptoms may be useful for initial sorting. An interdisciplinary working group composed of federal, state, and local public health experts proposes an Exposure And Symptom Triage (EAST) tool combining estimates of exposure from maps with clinical assessments and single lymphocyte counts if available. The proposed tool may help sort survivors efficiently at assembly centers near the damage and fallout zones and enable rapid prioritization for appropriate treatment and transport. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018; 12: 386–395)
Determinants of Implementation of Isolation Precautions Against Infections by Multidrug-Resistant Microorganisms: A Hospital-Based, Multicenter, Observational Study
Authors: Bénet Thomas , Girard Raphaele , Gerbier-Colomban Solweig , Dananché Cédric , Hodille Elisabeth , Dauwalder Olivier , Vanhems Philippe 
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVESWe aimed to ascertain the factors associated with lack of isolation precautions (IP) in patients infected or colonized by third-generation cephalosporin-resistantEnterobacteriaceae(3GCR-E) and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in hospital settings.DESIGNProspective surveillance and audit of practices.SETTINGThe study included 4 university hospitals in Lyon, France.PARTICIPANTSAll patients hospitalized between April and June in 2013 and 2015 were included. Case patients had ≥1 clinical sample positive for MRSA and/or 3GCR-E.METHODSFactors associated with the lack of IP implementation were identified using multivariate logistic regression. The incidence of MDRO infections was expressed per 10,000 patient days.RESULTSOverall, 57,222 patients accounting for 192,234 patient days of hospitalization were included, and 635 (1.1%) MDRO cases were identified. MRSA incidence was 2.5 per 10,000 patient days (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.1–3.0) and 3GCR-E incidence was 10.1 per 10,000 patient days (95% CI, 9.2–11.0), with no crude difference between 2013 and 2015 (P=.15 andP=.11, respectively). Among 3GCR-E, the main species wereEscherichia coli(43.8%) andKlebsiella pneumoniae(31.0%). Isolation precautions were implemented in 78.5% of cases. Lack of IP implementation was independently associated with patient age, year, specialty, hospital, colonization compared with infection, and lack of medical prescription for IPs (adjusted odds ratio, 17.4; 95% CI, 8.5–35.8;P<.001).CONCLUSIONSMRSA and 3GCR-E infections and/or colonizations are frequent in healthcare settings, and IPs are implemented in most cases. When IPs are lacking, the main factor is the absence of medical prescription for IPs, underscoring the need for alerts to physicians by the microbiological laboratory and/or the infection control team.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:1188–1195
Incidence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Infections in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: McDanel Jennifer , Schweizer Marin , Crabb Victoria , Nelson Richard , Samore Matthew , Khader Karim , Blevins Amy E. , Diekema Daniel , Chiang Hsiu-Yin , Nair Rajeshwari , Perencevich Eli 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDDespite a reported worldwide increase, the incidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella infections in the United States is unknown. Understanding the incidence and trends of ESBL infections will aid in directing research and prevention efforts.OBJECTIVETo perform a literature review to identify the incidence of ESBL-producing E. coli and Klebsiella infections in the United States.DESIGNSystematic literature review.METHODSMEDLINE via Ovid, CINAHL, Cochrane library, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for multicenter (≥2 sites), US studies published between 2000 and 2015 that evaluated the incidence of ESBL-E. coli or ESBL-Klebsiella infections. We excluded studies that examined resistance rates alone or did not have a denominator that included uninfected patients such as patient days, device days, number of admissions, or number of discharges. Additionally, articles that were not written in English, contained duplicated data, or pertained to ESBL organisms from food, animals, or the environment were excluded.RESULTSAmong 51,419 studies examined, 9 were included for review. Incidence rates differed by patient population, time, and ESBL definition and ranged from 0 infections per 100,000 patient days to 16.64 infections per 10,000 discharges and incidence rates increased over time from 1997 to 2011. Rates were slightly higher for ESBL-Klebsiella infections than for ESBL-E. coli infections.CONCLUSIONThe incidence of ESBL-E. coli and ESBL-Klebsiella infections in the United States has increased, with slightly higher rates of ESBL-Klebsiella infections. Appropriate estimates of ESBL infections when coupled with other mechanisms of resistance will allow for the appropriate targeting of resources toward research, drug discovery, antimicrobial stewardship, and infection prevention.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1209–1215
A new species ofProcyrnea(Nematoda: Habronematidae) parasitic inRhea pennata(Aves: Rheidae) from Patagonia, Argentina, with a key to species of the genus
Authors: Bagnato E. , Frixione M. , Digiani M.C. , Cremonte F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractProcyrnea choiquen. sp. is described from the lesser rhea,Rhea pennatad´Orbigny (Aves: Rheidae), from the Protected Natural Area Península Valdés, Chubut province, Argentina. The new species resemblesP. ficheuri,P. murrayi,P. excisiformis,P. dollfusi,P. haliasturi,P. anterovulvata,P. graculae,P. brevicaudata,P. uncinipenis,P. javaensis,P. ameerae,P. ornata,P. aegotheles,P. spiralis,P. ruschiiandP. aptera, mainly in the absence of lateral alae; but differs from its congeners by having a left spicule without barbs, the position of the vulva which is post-equatorial, the absence of lateral ridges, absent median precloacal papilla, asymmetrical caudal alae, males more than 6 mm long, left spicule 1 mm long and spicule ratio 1:3. Our results extend the taxonomy ofProcyrneaChabaud, 1958 and comprise the first report of a habronematid fromR. pennata.A key to species ofProcyrneais presented.
Elevating Human Being: Towards a New Sort of Naturalism
Authors: Liu Irene 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDefended by scholars such as John McDowell and Julia Annas, the naturalism of second nature (NSN) claims that the virtues are part of a rational second nature instilled through moral education. While NSN emphasizes that rationality, fully developed, results in autonomy from nature, it is considered a sort of naturalism because the development of rational second nature unfolds through entirely natural processes. Critics object that NSN does not utilize human nature as a standard of evaluation, which is a problem for a view that claims to be a sort of naturalism. This paper attempts to meet this charge by introducing a novel way to understand the normative significance of human nature. It argues that NSN supports an analysis of human nature as the raw material of the virtues and, as such, the basis of a kind of aesthetic evaluation. Specifically, human nature is the basis of humaneness, a kind of beauty that belongs to what elevates or refines human nature. Thus, according to the fortified naturalism of second nature the ethical significance of human nature is explained by recognizing how the virtues exemplify a kind of beauty that only humans can have.
AN INTEGRATED PERSPECTIVE ON THE ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES: INTEGRATE-HTA
Authors: Wahlster Philip , Brereton Louise , Burns Jacob , Hofmann Björn , Mozygemba Kati , Oortwijn Wija , Pfadenhauer Lisa , Polus Stephanie , Rehfuess Eva , Schilling Imke , van der Wilt Gert Jan , Gerhardus Ansgar 
Published: July 2017

Objectives: Current health technology assessment (HTA) is not well equipped to assess complex technologies as insufficient attention is being paid to the diversity in patient characteristics and preferences, context, and implementation. Strategies to integrate these and several other aspects, such as ethical considerations, in a comprehensive assessment are missing. The aim of the European research project INTEGRATE-HTA was to develop a model for an integrated HTA of complex technologies.Methods: A multi-method, four-stage approach guided the development of the INTEGRATE-HTA Model: (i) definition of the different dimensions of information to be integrated, (ii) literature review of existing methods for integration, (iii) adjustment of concepts and methods for assessing distinct aspects of complex technologies in the frame of an integrated process, and (iv) application of the model in a case study and subsequent revisions.Results: The INTEGRATE-HTA Model consists of five steps, each involving stakeholders: (i) definition of the technology and the objective of the HTA; (ii) development of a logic model to provide a structured overview of the technology and the system in which it is embedded; (iii) evidence assessment on effectiveness, economic, ethical, legal, and socio-cultural aspects, taking variability of participants, context, implementation issues, and their interactions into account; (iv) populating the logic model with the data generated in step 3; (v) structured process of decision-making.Conclusions: The INTEGRATE-HTA Model provides a structured process for integrated HTAs of complex technologies. Stakeholder involvement in all steps is essential as a means of ensuring relevance and meaningful interpretation of the evidence.
The state and post-industrial urban regeneration: the reinvention of south Cardiff
Authors: GOOBERMAN LEON 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT:South Cardiff was once dependent on the export of coal and the production of steel, but these activities had faded by the 1970s, creating economic stagnation and physical dereliction. However, the area was rechristened ‘Cardiff Bay’ in the mid-1980s and was the focus of an ambitious and contested state-funded regeneration. This article argues that regeneration was broadly successful, although not without failures, and that government remained willing to intervene heavily in some small areas. The main contribution is to identify and analyse how local authorities retained influence over regeneration, in contrast to approaches taken elsewhere by central government.