bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INCIDÊNCIA E FATORES DE RISCO DE INFECÇÃO DE SÍTIO CIRÚRGICO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Santos Gabriela Do Carmo , Baylão Ana Flávia Guimarães , Borges Sâmella Cristine Ferreira , Silva Luiz Almeida da , Batista Mikael Henrique de Jesus , Leite Giulena Rosa 
Published: December 2015

Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada a partir de fontes secundárias, através de levantamento bibliográfico na base de dados LILACS e biblioteca virtual SciELO com o objetivo de determinar, baseado nas produções científicas publicadas nos últimos 10 anos, a incidência de infecção de sítio cirúrgico e dos fatores de risco relacionados à ela. Foram selecionados para amostra 13 trabalhos, 5 (38,46%), apresentaram incidência de infecção de sítio cirúrgico menor que 10%; 7 (53,84%) não continham dados sobre os microorganismos mais prevalentes; quanto aos fatores de risco, a prevalência foi de indivíduos do sexo masculino 6 (46,15%); idade superior a 50 anos 8 (61,53%); cirurgia do aparelho digestivo 4 (30,76%); não trouxe dados sobre a duração do procedimento cirúrgico 8 (61,53%); não trouxe dados sobre o tempo de internação prévia 10 (76,92%) e não trouxe dados sobre o tempo de internação total 9 (69,23%). A incidência de infecção de sítio cirúrgico está em processo de redução, mas continua sendo preocupação para os estabelecimentos de saúde; destaca-se a importância de mais pesquisas e trabalhos sobre o tema, visto que através do conhecimento dos fatores de risco, tais infecções tornam-se preveníveis.
O TRABALHO DOCENTE E A REALIDADE EDUCACIONAL BRASILEIRA INFANTIL
Authors: Lima Thaísa Oliveira 
Published: December 2015

Este artigo objetiva abordar sobre o trabalho docente e a realidade brasileira enfocando a educação infantil. Sabemos que as reflexões em relação à prática docente têm empreendido muitas críticas sobre a sua contribuição no preparo de professores para atuarem nas salas de aula. Sabemos também das dificuldades encontradas em nossa realidade educacional brasileira em relação às instituições de ensino, ao salário dos professores, às estruturas educacionais, à necessidade da unidade teoria e prática, dentre outras a compreender o trabalho docente e a realidade educacional brasileira faz-se necessário entendermos como este se configura, qual a sua natureza. Delimitaremos ainda as especificidades da docência brasileira, à qual tributamos nossa tradição cultural, compreendendo o trabalho docente em educação, a partir de um recorte histórico que gestou o magistério como o conhecemos hoje, ou seja, início do século XXI. Finalizando, daremos ênfase ao trabalho docente na educação infantil. São essas questões que abordaremos neste texto.
Ensino de inglês como LE e contribuições pedagógicas de um glossário bilíngue de colocações
Authors: Ottaiano Adriane Orenha , Rocha Jean Michel Pimentel 
Published: December 2015

Em conformidade com o arcabouço teórico-metodológico da Linguística de Corpus e da Fraseologia, este estudo visa discutir as contribuições pedagógicas de um glossário bilíngue de colocações da área médica para o ensino de inglês como Língua Estrangeira, (doravante LE), compilado a partir do corpus paralelo constituído pelas legendas em inglês e em português do seriado House M.D. Com base nas colocações presentes no glossário, elaboramos propostas de atividades que poderão servir como subsídio para o ensino de inglês como LE, principalmente, quando se considera a relevância dessas unidades fraseológicas no enriquecimento da competência lexical de aprendizes. Além destas, também propomos outras atividades colocacionais baseadas em corpus.
Frames cognitivos e interacionais na compreensão de expressões idiomáticas em L2: um estudo de caso
Authors: Baldo Alessandra 
Published: December 2015

Este texto apresenta os resultados de uma análise dos processos cognitivos empregados por cinco aprendizes de português como L2 para a inferência de expressões idiomáticas (EIs) a partir do conceito de frames cognitivos e interacionais de Fillmore (1982) e Fillmore e Baker (2010). A análise dos dados, coletados através da técnica de protocolos verbais, sugere que o potencial explanatório da teoria proposta pelos autores é aplicável também à compreensão dos processos de atribuição de significado de EIs na língua-alvo, seja através do conceito de frames cognitivos, seja através do conceito de frames interacionais.
The spatial pattern of forest cover changes in Lithuania during the second half of the twentieth century
Authors: Juknelienė Daiva , Mozgeris Gintautas 
Published: December 2015

The trends of forest cover change in Lithuanian municipalities are introduced in the current paper. Two sources of information on the forest cover in 1950s and today (2013) were used in this study: (i) a geographic forest cover database developed using historical orthophotomaps based on aerial photography, which was carried out in the period just after the World War II, and (ii) the information originating from the State Forest Cadaster and referring to the year 2013. These two layers were compared using GIS overlay techniques. The data was made available for the analyses aggregated up to the municipality level. The Global Moran’s I statistic and Anselin Local Moran’s I were used to identify global and local patterns in the distribution of forest cover characteristics in Lithuanian municipalities, respectively. The main finding of this study was that the proportion of the forest cover in 1950 was 26.5%, i. e. notably differing from the official statistics – 19.7%. The proportion of the forest cover increased in all municipalities during the period 1950–2013. The largest increase in forest cover proportion was in the areas less suitable for agriculture. The relatively largest areas of new forests were identified in the south-eastern part of Lithuania, the deforestation was relatively slowest around less forested municipalities, while the afforestation was relatively slowest around the agricultural Pakruojis municipality. Deforestation was most commonly associated with the forest transformation into agricultural land, less often into scrublands or waters.
Determinants of income from wheat and rape production in projection for 2020 in Poland
Authors: Jabłoński Konrad , Skarżyńska Aldona , Abramczuk Łukasz 
Published: December 2015

The study used the accounting data collected on 22 individual farms which at the same time cultivated winter wheat and winter rape in 2011 and 2013. The aim of the study was to determine the impact on the income from the cultivation of wheat and rape, predicted in prospect of 2020, taking into account the rate of change in yield and prices of wheat and rape and prices of means of agricultural production. Moreover, an attempt was made to determine the strength of influence of fluctuations in crop and sale price on deviations of income from the projection for 2020. The calculations showed that, compared to the average of the studied years, in 2020 income from the cultivation of wheat will increase by 23.4%, and that of rape by 58.4%. However, increase in costs of cultivating wheat, faster than increase in outputs, will affect the profitability of production – by 2.0 percentage points, while for rape profitability it will increase by 7.7 pp. After taking into account the variability of the yield, income from cultivating wheat may vary by ±22.5%, and in the case of rape by as much as ±41.5%. Wheat and rape show much greater sensitivity to the variability of the sale price, and, as a result, income may vary by ±72.5 and ±69.2%, respectively. The study contributes to the development of research meth­ods and can be used by farmers and decision-making centres.
Velocidade crítica em natação: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Costa Aldo Matos da , Costa Mário Jorge , Marinho Daniel Almeida 
Published: December 2015

<p>De entre as técnicas não invasivas de determinação do limiar anaeróbio, o método da determinação da velocidade crítica tem merecido grande atenção, nomeadamente no âmbito da avaliação e controlo do treino em natação. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente artigo foi efetuar uma revisão da literatura do tipo qualitativa acerca do significado do parâmetro velocidade crítica e sua aplicação à natação. Foram abordadas questões relativas à origem e definição do conceito de velocidade crítica, às metodologias de determinação mais comuns, bem como uma breve referência ao conceito de velocidade crítica anaeróbia. A velocidade crítica é sugerida como um parâmetro não invasivo de avaliação do desempenho aeróbio e de predição do limiar anaeróbio de nadadores, independentemente do nível desportivo. As principais vantagens deste indicador resultam da facilidade de aplicação e análise num elevado número de nadadores, sem a necessidade da utilização de equipamentos dispendiosos ou de recolha de sangue. Aponta-se como uma ferramenta útil no mecanismo de prescrição e controlo de cargas de treino por meio de resultados em condições experimentais ou recorrendo a tempos obtidos durante as competições. A descriminação dos valores de velocidade crítica entre nadadores com diferentes perfis metabólicos (velocistas versus fundistas) e ainda a sua aplicabilidade em regime anaeróbio são aspetos que ainda carecem de um maior entendimento.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Satisfação de Clientes em Serviços de Educação Física Supervisionada na Região de Curitiba, Brasil: Aplicação do QSCSEF
Authors: Modesto Jhomyr Dias , Ulbricht Leandra , Neves Eduardo Borba 
Published: December 2015

<p>O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a satisfação de clientes de serviços em Educação física supervisionada em Curitiba e Região Metropolitana. Foi realizado um estudo exploratório descritivo com 921 indivíduos, sendo 436 do sexo masculino e 485 do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 26.9 ± 9.4 anos. O instrumento de pesquisa utilizado foi o Questionário de Satisfação de Clientes em Serviços de Educação Física. Como principais resultados, verificou-se que dentre os serviços avaliados, as academias de musculação se apresentaram como o serviço mais utilizado (61.9%), as academias de dança apresentaram maior qualidade e satisfação e a média de tempo de utilização dos serviços foi de 25.2 ± 33.1 meses, sendo as escolas de esportes coletivos as que apresentaram as maiores médias. Concluiu-se que as academias de musculação se caracterizaram como o serviço mais utilizado, as academias de yôga/pilates com o maior percentual de problemas relatados e as academias de dança o maior índice de qualidade de serviço e satisfação dos clientes.</p>
How well do global ocean biogeochemistry models simulate dissolved iron distributions?
Authors: Tagliabue Alessandro , Aumont Olivier , DeAth Ros , Dunne John P. , Dutkiewicz Stephanie , Galbraith Eric , Misumi Kazuhiro , Moore J. Keith , Ridgwell Andy , Sherman Elliot , Stock Charles , Vichi Marcello , Völker Christoph , Yool Andrew 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNumerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are relied upon to make projections about the impact of climate change on marine resources and test hypotheses regarding the drivers of past changes in climate and ecosystems. In large areas of the ocean, iron availability regulates the functioning of marine ecosystems and hence the ocean carbon cycle. Accordingly, our ability to quantify the drivers and impacts of fluctuations in ocean ecosystems and carbon cycling in space and time relies on first achieving an appropriate representation of the modern marine iron cycle in models. When the iron distributions from 13 global ocean biogeochemistry models are compared against the latest oceanic sections from the GEOTRACES program, we find that all models struggle to reproduce many aspects of the observed spatial patterns. Models that reflect the emerging evidence for multiple iron sources or subtleties of its internal cycling perform much better in capturing observed features than their simpler contemporaries, particularly in the ocean interior. We show that the substantial uncertainty in the input fluxes of iron results in a very wide range of residence times across models, which has implications for the response of ecosystems and global carbon cycling to perturbations. Given this large uncertainty, iron fertilization experiments based on any single current generation model should be interpreted with caution. Improvements to how such models represent iron scavenging and also biological cycling are needed to raise confidence in their projections of global biogeochemical change in the ocean.
Coherent and incoherent scatter radar study of the climatology and day‐to‐day variability of mean F region vertical drifts and equatorial spread F
Authors: Smith J. M. , Rodrigues F. S. , Fejer B. G. , Milla M. A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe conducted a comprehensive analysis of the vertical drifts and equatorial spread F (ESF) measurements made by the Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar (ISR) between 1994 and 2013. The ISR measurements allowed us to construct not only updated climatological curves of quiet‐time vertical plasma drifts but also time‐versus‐height maps of ESF occurrence over the past two solar cycles. These curves and maps allowed us to better relate the observed ESF occurrence patterns to features in the vertical drift curves than previously possible. We identified an excessively high occurrence of post‐midnight F region irregularities during December solstice and low solar flux conditions. More importantly, we also found a high occurrence of ESF events during sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events. We also proposed and evaluated metrics of evening enhancement of the vertical drifts and ESF occurrence, which allowed us to quantify the relationship between evening drifts and ESF development. Based on a day‐to‐day analysis of these metrics, we offer estimates of the minimum pre‐reversal enhancement (PRE) peak (and mean PRE) values observed prior to ESF development for different solar flux and seasonal conditions. We also found that ESF irregularities can reach the altitudes at least as high as 800 km at the magnetic equator even during low solar flux conditions.
Longitudinal variation in zonal winds at subauroral regions: Possible mechanisms
Authors: Wang Hui , Lühr Hermann 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLongitudinal differences in thermospheric zonal winds (ΔUy) are investigated in the subauroral region for different seasons and under solar maximum and medium conditions by using Challenging Minisatellite Payload observations. Prominent wave‐1 longitudinal and diurnal variations of ΔUy are observed, along with an antiphase relationship between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. These structures persist over the whole year and are independent of solar activity. ΔUy values are greater at nighttime than at daytime, and values in the south are greater than those in the north in local summer and winter. Model simulations confirm observed results in large‐scale structures, and the nonzero dipole tilt is found to be vital for the longitudinal variation of the zonal wind. The neutral air pressure gradient caused by the day‐night difference in solar heating is a major contributor to the observed ΔUy. The pressure effects are larger at nighttime than at daytime and larger in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere. Ion drag reduces the compatibility between the modeled and observed ΔUy as expected, with larger effects at nighttime than at daytime. Viscous force also reduces the compatibility between the modeled and observed ΔUy with greater effects at daytime, except at nighttime in the Southern Hemisphere. Similarly, the Coriolis force makes the difference between the modeled and observed ΔUy larger. The sum of these factors can explain, in general, the observed local time and hemispheric asymmetry features in longitudinal variation of the zonal wind.
Distributed fault slip model for the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake from GNSS and GRACE/GOCE satellite gravimetry
Authors: Fuchs Martin Johann , Hooper Andrew , Broerse Taco , Bouman Johannes 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission (launched 2002) and the Gravity Field and Steady‐State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) mission (March 2009 to November 2013) collected spaceborne gravity data for the preseismic and postseismic periods of the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake. In addition, the dense Japan GeoNet Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) network measured with approximately 1050 stations the coseismic and postseismic surface displacements. We use a novel combination of GNSS, GRACE, and GOCE observations for a distributed fault slip model addressing the issues with gravimetric and geometric change over consistent time windows. Our model integrates the coseismic and postseismic effects as we include GOCE observations averaged over a 2 year interval, but their inclusion reveals the gravity change with unprecedented spatial accuracy. The gravity gradient grid, evaluated at GOCE orbit height of 265 km, has an estimated formal error of 0.20 mE which provides sensitivity to the mainly coseismic and integrated postseismic‐induced gravity gradient signal of −1.03 mE. We show that an increased resolution of the gravity change provides valuable information, with GOCE gravity gradient observations sensitive to a more focused slip distribution in contrast to the filtered GRACE equivalent. The 2 year averaging window of the observations makes it important to incorporate estimates of the variance/covariance of unmodeled processes in the inversion. The GNSS and GRACE/GOCE combined model shows a slip pattern with 20 m peak slip at the trench. The total gravity change (≈200 μGal) and the spatial mapping accuracy would have been considerably lower by omitting the GOCE‐derived fine‐scale gravity field information.
Fault rheology in an aseismic fold‐thrust belt (Shahdad, eastern Iran)
Authors: Copley Alex , Jolivet Romain 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGeodetic observations of aseismic deformation in a thrust belt near Shahdad in eastern Iran have been used to place constraints on the rheology of creeping faults in a thin‐skinned thrust belt (<5 km thickness). Creep on shallow and high‐angle thrust ramps at the range front occurs at a steady rate, in response to the topographic gradient across the thrust belt. Parts of these thrust ramps, and the low‐angle basal thrust they connect to at depth in a ramp‐and‐flat geometry, underwent accelerated creep following the nearby Mw 6.6 Fandoqa earthquake in 1998. Estimates of the rate of fault slip and the driving stresses in these two contrasting times reveal a nonlinear relationship between the stresses and sliding velocity. The degree of nonlinearity rules out bulk shear of a weak layer in the sedimentary section (e.g., evaporites) as the deformation mechanism. Instead, we suggest that the motions are accommodated by slip on faults governed by a friction law with a highly nonlinear relationship between shear stress and slip rate (e.g., as predicted by “rate and state” models). The high‐angle thrust ramps are responsible for building aspects of the geological and geomorphological signs of active shortening visible at the surface, but the folding preserved in the geology must be accomplished by other methods, possibly during the rapid transient postseismic deformation following nearby earthquakes.
Large‐scale mantle discontinuity topography beneath Europe: Signature of akimotoite in subducting slabs
Authors: Cottaar Sanne , Deuss Arwen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe mantle transition zone is delineated by seismic discontinuities around 410 and 660 km, which are generally related to mineral phase transitions. Study of the topography of the discontinuities further constrains which phase transitions play a role and, combined with their Clapeyron slopes, what temperature variations occur. Here we use P to S converted seismic waves or receiver functions to study the topography of the mantle seismic discontinuities beneath Europe and the effect of subducting and ponding slabs beneath southern Europe on these features. We combine roughly 28,000 of the highest quality receiver functions into a common conversion point stack. In the topography of the discontinuity around 660 km, we find broadscale depressions of 30 km beneath central Europe and around the Mediterranean. These depressions do not correlate with any topography on the discontinuity around 410 km. Explaining these strong depressions by purely thermal effects on the dissociation of ringwoodite to bridgmanite and periclase requires unrealistically large temperature reductions. Presence of several wt % water in ringwoodite leads to a deeper phase transition, but complementary observations, such as elevated Vp/Vs ratio, attenuation, and electrical conductivity, are not observed beneath central Europe. Our preferred hypothesis is the dissociation of ringwoodite into akimotoite and periclase in cold downwelling slabs at the bottom of the transition zone. The strongly negative Clapeyron slope predicted for the subsequent transition of akimotoite to bridgmanite explains the depression with a temperature reduction of 200–300 K and provides a mechanism to pond slabs in the first place.
Does GRACE see the terrestrial water cycle “intensifying”?
Authors: Eicker Annette , Forootan Ehsan , Springer Anne , Longuevergne Laurent , Kusche Jürgen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSeveral researchers have postulated that, under a changing climate due to anthropogenic forcing, an intensification of the water cycle is already under way. This is usually related to increases in hydrological fluxes as precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (E), and river discharge (R). It is under debate, however, whether such observed or reconstructed flux changes are real and on what scales. Large‐scale increase or decrease of the flux deficit (P‐E‐R), i.e., flux changes that do not compensate, would lead to acceleration or deceleration of water storage anomalies potentially visible in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data. In agreement with earlier studies, we do find such accelerations in global maps of gridded GRACE water storage anomalies over 2003–2012. However, these have been generally associated with interannual and decadal climate variability. Yet we show that even after carefully isolating and removing the contribution of El Niño that partially masks long‐term changes, using a new method, accelerations of up to 12 mm/yr2 remain in regions such as Australia, Turkey, and Northern India. We repeat our analysis with flux fields from two global atmospheric reanalyses that include land surface models (ERA‐Interim and MERRA‐Land). While agreeing well with GRACE on shorter time scales, they fall short in displaying long‐term trends corresponding to GRACE accelerations. We hypothesize that this may be due to time‐varying biases in the reanalysis fluxes as noticed in other studies. We conclude that even though its data record is short, GRACE provides new information that should be used to constrain future reanalyses toward a better representation of long‐term water cycle evolution.