bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empowering leadership and the role of work-related curiosity in employee job crafting behavior: the role of low gender egalitarianism
Authors: Jaleel Aqsa , Sarmad Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
How leaders’ empowerment impacts followers' job performance in learning organizations seeks much attention. Under the lens of self-determination theory, this research examines the mediating role of work-related curiosity between empowering leadership and job-crafting behaviors. Furthermore, by applying trait activation theory, this study aims to examine the moderating role of gender egalitarianism in the relationship between empowering leadership and work-related curiosity among teachers.

Design/methodology/approach
A time-lagged data from 310 teachers was collected. The quantitative research method under the deductive approach and positivism research philosophy was applied. The data was analyzed through the SPSS and structured equation modeling technique under SMART-PLS.

Findings
The results show that empowering leadership is positively related to job crafting dimensions. Simultaneously, work-related curiosity mediates these predictive relations. Moreover, low gender egalitarianism moderates empowering leadership and work-related curiosity.

Originality/value
Investigating the direct and indirect effects of empowering leadership on the dimensions of job crafting is scarce, especially in learning organizations with a low gender egalitarian culture. By using the self-determination theory, this study analyzed work-related curiosity as a mediating path between empowering leadership and job crafting. The cultural circumstances under empowering leadership are important for work-related curiosity. Finally, the moderating role of gender egalitarianism is established between empowering leadership and work-related curiosity in the unique context of an underdeveloped country, Pakistan. In addition, this study provides important theoretical and managerial implications for learning organizations for needful job crafting behaviors.
An efficient pseudoelastic pure P‐mode wave equation and the implementation of the free surface boundary condition
Authors: Mu Xinru , Alkhalifah Tariq 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBased on the elastic wave equation, a pseudoelastic pure P‐mode wave equation has been recently derived by projecting the wavefield along the wavefront normal direction. This pseudoelastic pure P‐mode wave equation offers an accurate simulation of P‐wave fields with accurate elastic phase and amplitude characteristics. Moreover, considering no S‐waves are involved, it is computationally more efficient than the elastic wave equation, making it an excellent choice as a forward simulation engine for P‐wave exploration. Here, we propose a new pseudoelastic pure P‐mode wave equation and apply the stress image method to it to implement the free surface boundary condition. The new pseudoelastic wave equation offers significantly improved computational efficiency compared to the previous pseudoelastic wave equation. Additionally, the wavefields simulated by this new pseudoelastic wave equation exhibit clear physical interpretations. We evaluate the accuracy of the new wave equation in simulating elastic P‐waves by employing a model with high‐velocity contrasts. We find that this new equation, which purely admits P‐waves, though having exact amplitude and phase behaviour as the elastic waves for transmission components, the amplitudes slightly suffer in the scattering scenario. The difference in amplitude between the elastic and our pseudoelastic increases as the contrast in velocity at the interface (interlayer velocity ratio) increases, especially the S‐wave velocities. This has negative implications on scattering from the free surface boundary condition or the sea bottom interface, especially if the shear wave velocity below the surface or the sea bottom is high. However, in cases where, like for land data in the Middle East, the transition to a free surface is smoother, the accuracy of the pseudoelastic equation is high. In all cases, regardless of the interlayer velocity ratio, the accuracy of the pseudoelastic wave equation in simulating the elastic case, for scattered waves, exceeds that of the acoustic wave equation in phase and amplitude.
Temporal variability in host availability alters the outcome of competition between two parasitoid species
Authors: Wang Hua , Liu Tiantian , Sun Shucun , Lewis Owen T. , Xi Xinqiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Variability in the availability of resources through time is a common attribute in trophic interactions, but its effects on the fitness of different consumer species and on interspecific competition between them are not clearly understood.

To investigate this, we allowed two parasitoid species, Trichopria drosophilae and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae, to exploit Drosophila host pupae under different temporal variability treatments, either on their own or simultaneously.

When tested individually (in the absence of interspecific competition), both parasitoid species had lower fitness when hosts were exposed for a short duration at high density than when exposed for a long duration at low density. When both parasitoid species exploited hosts simultaneously, interspecific competition significantly decreased the number of offspring for both parasitoid species. The outcome of this interspecific competition depended on host temporal variability, with T. drosophilae or P. vindemiae dominating in short and long host exposure treatments, respectively.

These results can be explained by the combination of host availability and egg load of female adult parasitoids. When abundant hosts are provided for a short period, the ample mature eggs of the proovigenic T. drosophilae enable them to exploit hosts more efficiently than P. vindemiae, which is synovigenic. However, P. vindemiae is an intrinsically superior competitor and dominates when multiparasitism occurs. Multiparasitism is more frequent when hosts are at low levels relative to the egg load of the parasitoids.

Our results clearly demonstrate that resource temporal availability can alter the outcome of competition between consumers with different reproductive traits.
Spatial modelling and estimation of mammals' mortalities by Pantanal 2020 megafires
Authors: Brack Ismael V. , Cordeiro José L. P. , Kindel Andreas , Rangel Barbara Z. , Crawshaw Danielle , Heiermann Dener , Berto Douglas O. , Sicuro Fernando L. , de Oliveira Gabriela S. , Servi Gonçalves Guilherme , Franceschi Ingridi C. , Lermen Isabel S. , de Oliveira Marcione B. , Thomas Pedro A. , de Oliveira Rafaella A. A. , Conceição Thais F. , de Oliveira Luiz F. B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Extreme wildfire events, such as the Pantanal 2020 megafires, are expected to become more common. Assessing the impacts of such extreme events on wildlife is imperative for conservation planning. Direct observation of carcasses can provide valuable information on how these impacts relate to spatial heterogeneity.

Here, we use double‐observer carcass surveys to assess the numbers and spatial patterns of direct mortalities of medium‐ to large‐sized mammals resulting from the Pantanal 2020 megafires in a large reserve (1080 km2) in the northern Pantanal wetland. Accounting for imperfect detection, we model the spatial variation in mortality occurrence and abundance, testing the effects of habitat‐related variables and wildfire severity using multi‐species N‐mixture models.

We found that 26 out of 27 species of medium and large‐sized mammals died from the fires with a mean estimate of around 49 thousand individuals. The most affected species included capuchin monkeys, agoutis, peccaries, tapirs, brocket deer, tamanduas, coatis and capybaras.

Direct mortality of mammals by wildfires was affected by landscape factors related to species habitats, species traits (probably related to escape or refuge strategies), and the intensity of the wildfires. Mortalities presented a general positive relationship with non‐flooded forests (a fire‐sensitive habitat in Pantanal) and with the severity of wildfires. Artificial water bodies, a common landscape structure in Pantanal, had 7.5 times more deaths than other areas.

Synthesis and applications: With the approach used, we were able to: (i) identify mortality hotspots associated with landscape features; (ii) simultaneously identify the most affected species and assess the average relationships for all the assemblage of medium‐ and large‐sized mammals. We discuss conservation and management actions in two contexts: species prioritization for rescuing and monitoring; and territory prioritization for fire prevention and fighting.
Ectomycorrhizal tree islands in arbuscular mycorrhizal forests: Hotspots of fungal inoculum important for seedling establishment of historically dominant trees
Authors: Cortese Andrew M. , Horton Thomas R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Deciduous forests in northeastern North America are comprised of a mixture of ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees. However, land use legacies and other factors have decreased EM and concomitantly increased AM tree dominance, potentially limiting forest ecosystem functioning. We investigated how scattered EM tree patches and soil inoculum from local EM tree‐dominated forests influence EM fungal colonisation, survival and growth of EM Tsuga canadensis, Pinus strobus and Quercus spp. tree seedlings in AM‐dominated secondary forests.

Seedlings were planted next to dominant AM Acer and scattered EM Betula trees across three New York secondary forests. A subset of seedlings also received soil inoculum from local EM‐dominated forests. We monitored the survival and height growth of seedlings for 2 years and then measured seedling shoot biomass, assessed EM colonisation and identified EM fungi from seedling roots.

All genera of seedlings planted near EM Betula had higher EM colonisation and fungal richness than those planted near AM Acer trees. Inoculation with EM forest soil increased EM colonisation and fungal richness of seedlings only near AM Acer, showing great effectiveness in areas lacking native EM fungi. Total EM fungal diversity on seedling roots was highest near EM Betula, which included numerous taxa usually associated with mature trees. In contrast, EM fungal communities near AM Acer were sparse and mostly dominated by relatively few taxa of spore‐bank fungi. Although seedling survival did not differ between treatments, soil inoculation and proximity to EM Betula increased second‐year height growth of Pinus and Tsuga while soil inoculation alone significantly enhanced shoot mass of Quercus seedlings.

Synthesis. Agricultural land use legacies have resulted in expansive secondary forests dominated by AM trees. In these forests, establishment of EM tree seedlings outside existing EM tree patches may be hindered by a lack of EM fungi, but local soil inoculum from EM tree‐dominated forests can reintroduce native EM fungi into secondary forests lacking established EM trees.
Study on stability of rose anthocyanin extracts and physicochemical properties of complex with whey protein isolate after spray drying
Authors: Wang Yun , Xiao Yuan , Zhang Lianfu , Zhang Haifeng , Li Chunmei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPingyin rose is an edible flower rich in anthocyanins. In this study, antioxidant capacity and color were used as the main evaluation indexes to investigate the effects of common physical and chemical factors on the stability of rose anthocyanin extracts (RAEs). In addition, the physicochemical properties of the whey protein isolate (WPI)‐RAEs complex after spray drying were studied. Vitamin C, temperature, and some metal ions can cause different degrees of discoloration of RAEs solution. More importantly, heat treatment, as well as most metal ions and sugars, had no significant effect on the antioxidant capacity of RAEs solution (p > 0.05). Moreover, compared to spray‐dried pure WPI, the WPI‐RAEs powder was delicate and uniform, and had higher particle size, bulk density, moisture activity, and better gel properties. The release rate of all WPI‐RAEs sol/gel to RAEs reached about 89% in the intestinal digestion stage, but the WPI‐RAEs interaction reduced the digestibility of protein in the intestinal digestion stage. We hope that this study can provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of WPI‐RAEs as food ingredients.
Abnormal phenotypic defects detection of jujube using explainable machine learning enhanced computer vision
Authors: Zhang Luwei , Chen Yan , Guo Xiangyun , Li You , Chen Chao , Zou Yu , Zhang Xiaoshuan , Hu Jinyou 
Published: September 2024

AbstractJujube is susceptible to biotic and abiotic adversity stresses resulting in abnormal phenotypic defects. Therefore, abnormal phenotype fruits should be removed during postharvest sorting to increase added value. An improved maximum horizontal diameter linear regression (MHD‐LR) method for size grading of jujube prior to detection of abnormal phenotypic defects was developed. The accuracy of the MHD‐LR model is 95%, with an error of only 0.95 mm. In addition, a method for detecting abnormal phenotypic defects in jujube was established. It can effectively and accurately classify seven kinds of jujube phenotypes (regular, irregular, wrinkled, moldy, hole‐broken, skin‐broken, and scarred). The data augmentation method based on linear interpolation can effectively expand the dataset with a variance of only 0.0006. Support vector machine‐decision tree (SVMDT), logistic regression, back propagation neural network, and long short‐term memory network models were established to classify jujube samples with different phenotypes, with accuracies of 99.57%, 99.00%, 99.14%, and 99.29%, respectively. The results showed that the SVMDT model had higher accuracy and explainability. This research is expected to provide a new method to improve the precise classification of abnormal phenotypic defects in postharvest jujube.
Heat transfer and friction factor analysis for tomato puree flowing in a concentric‐tube heat exchanger
Authors: Carrazco‐Escalante Marco , Hernández‐Calderón Óscar , Ríos‐Iribe Erika , Alarid‐García Cristian , Iribe‐Salazar Rosalina , Vázquez‐López Yessica , Caro‐Hernández Olivia , Pacheco‐Plata Felícitas , Caro‐Corrales José 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe heat and momentum transfer of tomato puree through a concentric‐tube heat exchanger over a range of generalized Reynolds number (0.05 < Re < 66.5) was experimentally and numerically analyzed. Thermophysical and rheological properties of tomato puree (12°Brix) were measured from 20 to 60°C. The velocity, pressure, and temperature were calculated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENTTM with temperature‐dependent transport properties. The thermal operation of the concentric‐tube exchanger was satisfactorily predicted using CFD, indicating accurate measurement of tomato puree properties with temperature variations. A concordance was found between the calculated Fanning friction factor and generalized Reynolds with the experimental correlation. A modified Sieder–Tate correlation was established, which allows properly expressing the Nusselt number as a function of the Peclet number. Simple correlations for the mechanical work and the heat transfer rate as a function of the volumetric flow rate were derived. The thermal efficiency was high at low puree flow rates but decreased with higher rates. However, at high flow rates, ceased its decline, instead showing a slight improvement. The analysis confirmed higher heat transfer rates in the concentric‐tube heat exchanger compared to a plain tube at low puree flow rates. The results offer valuable insights for assessing diverse operational conditions in dairy, beverage, sauce, and concentrated food industries. Additionally, they also enhance the analysis and design of concentric‐tube heat exchangers.Practical ApplicationThe knowledge of the rheological and hydrodynamical behavior of fluids in concentric‐tube heat exchangers allows to explore a set of different operating conditions to improve the yield and effectiveness on the system heating/cooling design.
Lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of erythorbyl oleate and its characterization as a multifunctional emulsifier
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Choi Yoonseok , Yu Hyunjong , Chang Pahn‐Shick 
Published: September 2024

AbstractErythorbyl oleate (EO), a novel emulsifier with multifunctional properties, was synthesized via lipase‐catalyzed solvent‐free esterification between erythorbic acid and oleic acid. The reaction produced EO of 30.75 ± 1.65 mM at 60 h, monitored by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Purified EO was chemically identified as 6‐O‐oleoyl‐erythorbic acid by HPLC‐electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 13C NMR analyses, and further investigations on its multifunctionalities were conducted. EO displayed antioxidant activity equivalent to erythorbic acid in 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities. Investigation of the antibacterial activity of EO against foodborne pathogens showed MICs of 0.27 ± 0.09 and 0.40 mM for Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12692, respectively. EO also displayed interfacial properties, lowering interfacial tension between medium‐chain triglyceride oil and water to 3.40 ± 0.04 mN/m with a critical micelle concentration of 2.54 ± 0.03 mM. Dynamic light scattering analyses of the emulsion stabilized by EO demonstrated a similar polydispersity index (0.15 ± 0.00) to Tween 80‐stabilized emulsion (0.28 ± 0.01), with an average droplet size of 173.2 ± 1.8 nm. In addition, the EO‐stabilized emulsion exhibited a negative surface charge (−56.83 ± 4.30 mV) in zeta potential measurements, indicating sufficient electrostatic repulsion between droplets. These results suggest that EO is a multifunctional emulsifier to simultaneously control oxidative rancidification and bacterial spoilage in emulsion‐based foods.Practical Application: EO was synthesized via an enzymatic esterification reaction between erythorbic acid and oleic acid. The synthetic process excluded any use of organic solvent, diminishing potential health hazards or environmental pollution associated with chemical reactions. The interfacial properties of the resultant EO, along with excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities, propose its potential application in emulsion‐based foods. Simultaneous control of bacterial spoilage and oxidative rancidification by EO would fulfill the industrial needs for extending shelf life and enhancing consumer safety.
How does perceived ease of information access affect investors' judgments?
Authors: Cikurel Deni 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates how using technologies that increase the perceived ease of information access, such as search engines, can affect investors' judgments. Relying on the “Google effect” theory, I predict that using a search engine to access financial information will lead to shallower processing of that information, causing earnings fixation. The results of three experiments support this prediction and the theoretical process. Specifically, investors who access financials via a search engine are less likely to react to the information in the income statement other than earnings compared to those who do not use a search engine. In addition, search condition investors are more likely to mention earnings in their investment reasoning and find earnings more influential than the control condition investors. Furthermore, search condition investors believe that information is more likely to be available in the future and are more likely to reopen the income statement. A second experiment shows that the knowledge that the information will be easily reaccessed increases investors' earnings fixation. Finally, a third experiment provides evidence that using a search engine reduces the depth of information processing. This study extends accounting research by showing that using technologies that increase the perceived ease of information access can reduce investors' processing depth and information acquisition.
The role of G protein‐coupled receptors and their ligands in animal domestication
Authors: Kleinau Gunnar , Chini Bice , Andersson Leif , Scheerer Patrick 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe domestication of plants and animals has resulted in one of the most significant cultural and socio‐economical transitions in human history. Domestication of animals, including human‐supervised reproduction, largely uncoupled particular animal species from their natural, evolutionary history driven by environmental and ecological factors. The primary motivations for domesticating animals were, and still are, producing food and materials (e.g. meat, eggs, honey or milk products, wool, leather products, jewelry and medication products) to support plowing in agriculture or in transportation (e.g. horse, cattle, camel and llama) and to facilitate human activities (for hunting, rescuing, therapeutic aid, guarding behavior and protecting or just as a companion). In recent years, decoded genetic information from more than 40 domesticated animal species have become available; these studies have identified genes and mutations associated with specific physiological and behavioral traits contributing to the complex genetic background of animal domestication. These breeding‐altered genomes provide insights into the regulation of different physiological areas, including information on links between e.g. endocrinology and behavior, with important pathophysiological implications (e.g. for obesity and cancer), extending the interest in domestication well beyond the field. Several genes that have undergone selection during domestication and breeding encode specific G protein‐coupled receptors, a class of membrane‐spanning receptors involved in the regulation of a number of overarching functions such as reproduction, development, body homeostasis, metabolism, stress responses, cognition, learning and memory. Here we summarize the available literature on variations in G protein‐coupled receptors and their ligands and how these have contributed to animal domestication.