bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le personnel politique bonapartiste du Pas-de-Calais sous le Second Empire
Authors: Caron-Deneufeglise Christophe 
Published: March 2016

Elu à la surprise générale dans l'Avesnois, lors des élections législatives de 1910, après avoir bravé les notables de son parti, Daniel Vincent, radical- socialiste, s'appuie surtout sur un électorat populaire et citadin, se préoccupant des problèmes sociaux, en faisant voter, par exemple, la loi sur les assurances sociales.
En 1939, sénateur, il délaisse son électorat de base conquis par le socialisme et s'appuie sur une notoriété progressivement acquise.
Entre les deux pôles de sa carrière, se situe une évolution humaine et politique, couvrant près de trente années.
Au travers de cette évolution qu'il faut chercher à cerner, n'est-ce pas l'évolution de tout un courant politique que l'on peut appréhender, derrière une carrière néanmoins originale ?
Le contrôle du trafic fluvial : la Meuse, des origines à 1600.
Authors: Suttor Marc 
Published: March 2016

Le contrôle du trafic mosan par les détenteurs de pouvoirs s'opère de manière très nette, dès les XIIIe-XIVe siècles, grâce aux châteaux et fortifications urbaines, ou encore aux ponts. Toutefois, le rôle stratégique du fleuve s'affirme croissant au XVe et davantage au XVIe siècle. En matière économique, l'étape obligatoire, fixée aux débarcadères, a pour but essentiel d'assurer l'approvisionnement des villes en produits de première nécessité. En outre, c'est là l'endroit où l'on perçoit le tonlieu de transit.
Les seigneurs et les princes empêchent les communications sur la rivière ou en défendent la traversée, les milices urbaines installent un blocus lors d'un siège, pour des raisons aussi bien militaires qu'économiques. Des charges fiscales trop lourdes peuvent aussi nuire au trafic.
Il existe, à l'inverse, de nombreuses dispositions qui visent à faciliter et à encourager les échanges, comme le conduit, certains traités ou accords et encore les exemptions de tonlieux.
Ces quelques notes illustrent l'importance portée au contrôle de la Meuse.
L'organisation et l'enregistrement des messageries du duc de Bourgogne dans les années 1420.
Authors: Kanao Takemi 
Published: March 2016

Organisatie en inschrijving van de boodschappers van de Hertog van Bourgondië in de jaren 1420.
De boodschappersdienst van Filips de Goede, hertog van Bourgondië, was het werk van verschillende lage medewerkers. Het voornaamste korps bestond uit twaalf bereden boodschappers uit zijn stal maar daarnaast voerden ook gemeentelijke boodschappers en andere knechten van het hof opdrachten uit voor de hertog en zijn raadgevers. En aile zendingen werden op dezelfde manier ingeschreven in het rekeningenboek van de algemene ontvangers. De hertog gaf de voorkeur aan en soepel systeem dat hij kon aanpassen aan de veranderende omstandigheden in de Nederlanden in de jaren 1420.
Les institutions de marché. Le regard d'un économiste.
Authors: Salais Robert 
Published: March 2016

The Market Institutions : The Views of an Economist.
Confronted with the development of an abstract market axiomatics, this paper offers a plea in favour of an apprehension of the diversity of real-life markets and their institutions and of the integration, within the economic analysis, of the multiple modalities of economic action. Hence would follow, as suggested by the reading of the contributions to the Symposium, a necessary caution in the use of normative models, a refusal to oppose State and Market (to the benefit of a survey of the variety of the possible States and worlds), a closer attention to the coordination covenants (on labour, product quality, expectations from the State...) which shape the development paths of economies and markets. Here lie the stakes of any research cooperation between historians and economists.
Pouvoirs, hiérarchies sociales et choix entrepreneuriaux : Bari du XVIe au XIXe siècle.
Authors: Salvemini Biagio 
Published: March 2016

Macht, sociale hierarchie en de keuze van de ondernemer : Bari van de XVIe tot de XIXe eeuw.
De instellingen die zowel sociale stratificatie als idiomen bepalen hebben ook invloed op de keuzen en stratégie van de ondernemers. Dat is het geval in Bari, een landbouwstad met uitzicht op de Adriatische zee. In de haven vinden belangrijke goederenstromen hun weg : afgewerkte produkten, graan en olieoverschotten, die van de XVIe tot de XIXe eeuw de welvaart van de handelaars verzekeren en soms hun ondergang veroorzaken, wegens het grote risiko.
Op het einde van de zestiende en in het begin van de zeventiende eeuw is de scheepvaart in Venetiaanse handen. Dan ontstaan een aantal naties, elk met zijn eigen symbolen, privilegies en sociale samenstelling. Als de naties verdreven worden, wordt de stad aristokratischer en de handel is in de handen van de praticiers, terwijl er ook handel van zeelieden bestaat. In de tweede helft van de XVIIIe eeuw beheersen die de hele stad terwijl de instellingen hun greep op de maatschappij schijnen te verliezen. In de XIXe eeuw verandert alles met de invoering van nieuwe regels om deel te nemen de macht en met het uiteen- vallen van het hierarchisch gildesysteem. Dat draagt bij tot een verhoging van het sociale stauut van de handelaars. Handel en scheepvaart worden opnieuw gescheiden. De lokale instellingen geraken zo in de handen van de vertegen- woordigers van de ekonomie, ten nadele van de uit de burgerlijke maatschappij gegroeide hierarchie.
X-RAY IRRADIATION OF H2O + CO ICE MIXTURES WITH SYNCHROTRON LIGHT
Authors: Jiménez-Escobar A. , Chen Y.-J. , Ciaravella A. , Huang C.-H. , Micela G. , Cecchi-Pestellini C. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We irradiated a (4:1) mixture of water and carbon monoxide with soft X-rays of energies up to 1.2 keV. The experiments were performed using the spherical grating monochromator beamline at National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center in Taiwan. Both monochromatic (300 and 900 eV) and broader energy fluxes (250–1200 eV) were employed. During the irradiation, the H2O + CO mixture was ionized, excited, and fragmented, producing a number of reactive species. The composition of the ice has been monitored throughout both the irradiation and warm-up phases. We identified several products, which can be related through a plausible chemical reaction scheme. Such chemistry is initiated by the injection of energetic photoelectrons that produce multiple ionization events generating a secondary electron cascade. The results have been discussed in light of a model for protoplanetary disks around young solar-type stars.
THE TWO MOLECULAR CLOUDS IN RCW 38: EVIDENCE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE YOUNGEST SUPER STAR CLUSTER IN THE MILKY WAY TRIGGERED BY CLOUD–CLOUD COLLISION
Authors: Fukui Y. , Torii K. , Ohama A. , Hasegawa K. , Hattori Y. , Sano H. , Ohashi S. , Fujii K. , Kuwahara S. , Mizuno N. , Dawson J. R. , Yamamoto H. , Tachihara K. , Okuda T. , Onishi T. , Mizuno A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We present distributions of two molecular clouds having velocities of 2 and 14 km s−1 toward RCW 38, the youngest super star cluster in the Milky Way, in the 12CO J = 1–0 and 3–2 and 13CO J = 1–0 transitions. The two clouds are likely physically associated with the cluster as verified by the high intensity ratio of the J = 3–2 emission to the J = 1–0 emission, the bridging feature connecting the two clouds in velocity, and their morphological correspondence with the infrared dust emission. The velocity difference is too large for the clouds to be gravitationally bound. We frame a hypothesis that the two clouds are colliding with each other by chance to trigger formation of the ∼20 O stars that are localized within ∼0.5 pc of the cluster center in the 2 km s−1 cloud. We suggest that the collision is currently continuing toward part of the 2 km s−1 cloud where the bridging feature is localized. This is the third super star cluster alongside Westerlund 2 and NGC 3603 where cloud–cloud collision has triggered the cluster formation. RCW 38 is the youngest super star cluster in the Milky Way, holding a possible sign of on-going O star formation, and is a promising site where we may be able to witness the moment of O star formation.
THE REFINED SHOCK VELOCITY OF THE X-RAY FILAMENTS IN THE RCW 86 NORTHEAST RIM
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroya , Katsuda Satoru , Castro Daniel , Williams Brian J. , Lopez Laura A. , Slane Patrick O. , Smith Randall K. , Petre Robert 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
A precise measurement of shock velocities is crucial for constraining the mechanism and efficiency of cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration at supernova remnant (SNR) shock fronts. The northeastern rim of the SNR RCW 86 is thought to be a particularly efficient CR acceleration site, owing to the recent result in which an extremely high shock velocity of ∼6000 km s−1 was claimed. Here, we revisit the same SNR rim with the Chandra X-ray Observatory, 11 years after the first observation. This longer baseline than previously available allows us to determine a more accurate proper motion of the nonthermal X-ray filament, revealing a much lower velocity of 3000 ± 340 km s−1 (and even slower at a brighter region). Although the value has dropped to one-half of that from the previous X-ray measurement, it is still higher than the mean velocity of the Hα filaments in this region (∼1200 km s−1). This discrepancy implies that the filaments bright in nonthermal X-rays and Hα emission trace different velocity components, and thus a CR pressure constrained by combining the X-ray kinematics and the Hα spectroscopy can easily be overestimated. We also measure the proper motion of the thermal X-ray filament immediately to the south of the nonthermal one. The inferred velocity (720 ± 360 km s−1) is significantly lower than that of the nonthermal filament, suggesting the presence of denser ambient material, possibly a wall formed by a wind from the progenitor, which has drastically slowed down the shock.
NightLife: A cheap, robust, LED based light trap for collecting aquatic insects in remote areas
Authors: Price Benjamin , Baker Ed 
Published: March 2016

There are approximately one hundred thousand aquatic insect species currently known to science and this figure is likely a significant underestimation. The ecology of aquatic insect groups has been studied due to their role as bioindicators of water quality and in the case of Diptera, their role as vectors of disease. Light trapping targets emergent adults, using mercury vapour bulbs or actinic fluorescent tubes, however these light sources are unsuitable for sampling remote regions due to their power requirements, which limit their mobility. Most insects studied have three types of photoreceptors corresponding to UV, blue and green light.
We describe the NightLife: a cheap, robust, portable, LED based light source which targets insect trichromatic vision, is capable of autonomous operation and is powered by a single AA battery. Field trials show that the NightLife is capable of collecting sufficient samples of 12 insect orders, including all aquatic orders commonly collected by traditional light trapping and compares favourably with actinic fluorescent tubes and white LEDs. Future development in LED technology will likely result in LEDs replacing traditional light sources for collecting insects more widely.
FabLabs
Authors: Lhoste Évelyne , Barbier Marc 
Published: March 2016

Nous replaçons le mouvement de création de nombreux fablabs dans une perspective socio-historique en revenant sur la gestation du modèle inventé au MIT et sur sa réplication en France. Partant, nous restituons les cadres et les méthodes d’une étude de terrain conduite au moment de l’expansion des fablabs français en 2013. En limitant notre enquête aux fablabs ouverts au public, nous en distinguons deux catégories. Nous analysons les activités d’intermédiation en leur sein ainsi que le travail d’institutionnalisation réalisé par leurs fondateurs. À l’aune d’une analyse comparée de ces deux types de Tiers-Lieux, nous interprétons les fablabs comme une forme d’expérimentation collective et distribuée de l’innovation ouverte qui doit beaucoup aux trajectoires des fondateurs et à leur stratégie de « soft hacking » des institutions.
Alcohol-induced headaches: Evidence for a central mechanism?
Authors: Panconesi Alessandro 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTAlcoholic drinks (ADs) have been reported as a migraine trigger in about one-third of the migraine patients in retrospective studies. Some studies found that ADs trigger also other primary headaches. The studies concerning the role of ADs in triggering various types of primary headaches published after the International Headache Society classification criteria of 1988 were reviewed, and the pathophysiological mechanisms were discussed. Many studies show that ADs are a trigger of migraine without aura (MO), migraine with aura (MA), cluster headache (CH), and tension-type headache (TH). While data on MO and CH are well delineated, those in MA and TH are discordant. There are sparse reports that ADs are also triggers of less frequent types of primary headache such as familial hemiplegic migraine, hemicrania continua, and paroxysmal hemicrania. However, in some countries, the occurrence of alcohol as headache trigger is negligible, perhaps determined by alcohol habits. The frequency estimates vary widely based on the study approach and population. In fact, prospective studies report a limited importance of ADs as migraine trigger. If ADs are capable of triggering practically all primary headaches, they should act at a common pathogenetic level. The mechanisms of alcohol-provoking headache were discussed in relationship to the principal pathogenetic theories of primary headaches. The conclusion was that vasodilatation is hardly compatible with ADs trigger activity of all primary headaches and a common pathogenetic mechanism at cortical, or more likely at subcortical/brainstem, level is more plausible.
Odorless inhalant toxic encephalopathy in developing countries household: Gas geyser syndrome
Authors: Mehta Anish , Mahale Rohan , John Aju Abraham , Abbas Masoom Mirza , Javali Mahendra , Acharya Purushottam , Rangasetty Srinivasa 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Liquefied petroleum gas geysers are used very frequently for heating water in developing countries such as India. However, these gas geysers emit various toxic gases; one among them is colorless, odorless carbon monoxide (CO). In the past few years, there were reports of unexplained loss of consciousness in the bathroom. However, the exact cause for these episodes has been recognized as toxic encephalopathy due to toxic gases inhalation mainly CO. Objective: To analyze the clinical profile and outcome of patients brought with loss of consciousness in the bathroom while bathing using gas geyser. Materials and Methods: Case records of patients with the diagnosis of gas geyser syndrome from 2013 to 2015 were retrieved and analyzed. Twenty-four cases were identified and included in the study. This was a retrospective, descriptive study. Results: Twenty-four patients were brought to our Emergency Department with loss of consciousness in the bathroom while bathing. Twenty-one cases had loss of consciousness during bathing and recovered spontaneously. Two cases were found dead in the bathroom and were brought to the Department of Forensic Medicine for postmortem. One case was brought in deep altered state of consciousness and succumbed to illness within 1 week.Conclusion: Awareness regarding CO intoxication due to usage of ill-fitted, ill-ventilated gas geyser is necessary as they are entirely preventable conditions.
Pin-site epidural hematoma: A catastrophic complication of cranial fixation in a child
Authors: Krishnan Prasad , Kumar Soumen Kanti , Kartikueyan Rajaraman , Patel Sachinkumar Maheshbhai 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTCranial fixation with pins is a routine adjunct in neurosurgery and is usually considered safe. A rarely reported complication is skull fracture at the pin site and consequent epidural hematoma. Usually, these are picked up only postoperatively and rarely, intraoperatively if there is unexplained “brain bulge” in which case the operation should be terminated and urgent imaging has to be done. We describe such a complication that occurred while operating on a 12-year-old child with a posterior fossa tumor and review the available literature dealing with such events.
Homology of the Fermat Tower and Universal Measures for Jacobi Sums
Authors: Otsubo Noriyuki 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe give a precise description of the homology group of the Fermat curve as a cyclic module over a group ring. As an application, we prove the freeness of the profinite homology of the Fermat tower. This allows us to define measures, an equivalent of Anderson’s adelic beta functions, in a manner similar to Ihara’s definition of ℓ-adic universal power series for Jacobi sums. We give a simple proof of the interpolation property using a motivic decomposition of the Fermat curve.
Domesticando o Humano: para uma antropologia moral da proteção animal
Authors: Lewgoy Bernardo , Sordi Caetano , Pinto Leandra Oliveira 
Published: March 2016

<p><span>http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8034.2015v17n2p75</span></p><p>Este artigo examina o campo da proteção animal em Porto Alegre (RS) desde um ponto de vista antropológico e etnográfico. Compreendemos que as contemporâneas iniciativas de resgate, adoção e proteção de animais de companhia em situação de risco e abandono, levadas a cabo por organizações não governamentais e múltiplas redes voluntárias, revelam a emergência de novas sensibilidades e moralidades para com os animais não humanos em contextos “pós-domésticos” (Bulliet 2005), reconfigurando as fronteiras entre o público e o privado, a esfera da intimidade e das políticas públicas. Por fim, concluímos que o exercício de domesticação contido nestas iniciativas é uma via de mão dupla: por um lado, tenta-se disciplinar e higienizar o espaço público e a conduta dos acolhedores de animais; por outro, busca-se educar os seres humanos para o convívio com membros não humanos das famílias, tornando-os responsáveis (em sentido moral, psicológico e legal) pelas suas novas famílias multiespecíficas.</p>
Semi-annual oscillation (SAO) of the nighttime ionospheric D region as detected through ground-based VLF receivers
Authors: Silber Israel , Price Colin , Rodger Craig J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Earth's middle and upper atmosphere exhibits several dominant large-scale oscillations in many measured parameters. One of these oscillations is the semi-annual oscillation (SAO). The SAO can be detected in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC), the ionospheric transition height, the wind regime in the mesosphere–lower thermosphere (MLT), and in the MLT temperatures. In addition, as we report for the first time in this study, the SAO is among the most dominant oscillations in nighttime very low frequency (VLF) narrowband (NB) subionospheric measurements. As VLF signals are reflected off the ionospheric D region (at altitudes of  ∼  65 and  ∼  85 km, during the day and night, respectively), this implies that the upper part of the D region is experiencing this oscillation as well, through changes in the dominating electron or ion densities, or by changes in the electron collision frequency, recombination rates, and attachment rates, all of which could be driven by oscillatory MLT temperature changes. We conclude that the main source of the SAO in the nighttime D region is NOx molecule transport from the lower levels of the thermosphere, resulting in enhanced ionization and the creation of free electrons in the nighttime D region, thus modulating the SAO signature in VLF NB measurements. While the cause for the observed SAO is still a subject of debate, this oscillation should be taken into account when modeling the D region in general and VLF wave propagation in particular.
Size distribution of particle-associated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their implications for health
Authors: Lyu Yan , Xu Tingting , Li Xiang , Cheng Tiantao , Yang Xin , Sun Xiaomin , Chen Jianmin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. In order to better understand the size distribution of particle-associated PBDEs and their deposition pattern in the human respiratory tract, we carried out a 1-year campaign during 2012–2013 for the measurement of size-resolved particles at the urban site of Shanghai. The results showed that particulate PBDEs exhibited a bimodal distribution with a mode peak in the accumulation particle size range and the second mode peak in the coarse particle size ranges. As the number of bromine atoms in the molecule increases, accumulation-mode peak intensity increased while coarse-mode peak intensity decreased. This change was consistent with the variation of PBDEs' subcooled vapor pressure. Absorption and adsorption processes dominated the distribution of PBDEs among the different size particles. The evaluated deposition flux of Σ13 PBDEs was 26.8 pg h−1, in which coarse particles contributed most PBDEs in head and tracheobronchial regions, while fine-mode particles contributed major PBDEs in the alveoli region. In association with the fact that fine particles can penetrate deeper into the respiratory system, fine-particle-bound highly brominated PBDEs can be inhaled more deeply into human lungs and cause a greater risk to human health.
Long-term validation of ESA operational retrieval (version 6.0) of MIPAS Envisat vertical profiles of methane, nitrous oxide, CFC11, and CFC12 using balloon-borne observations and trajectory matching
Authors: Engel Andreas , Bönisch Harald , Schwarzenberger Tim , Haase Hans-Peter , Grunow Katja , Abalichin Jana , Sala Stephan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. MIPAS-Envisat is a satellite-borne sensor which measured vertical profiles of a wide range of trace gases from 2002 to 2012 using IR emission spectroscopy. We present geophysical validation of the MIPAS-Envisat operational retrieval (version 6.0) of N2O, CH4, CFC-12, and CFC-11 by the European Space Agency (ESA). The geophysical validation data are derived from measurements of samples collected by a cryogenic whole air sampler flown to altitudes of up to 34 km by means of large scientific balloons. In order to increase the number of coincidences between the satellite and the balloon observations, we applied a trajectory matching technique. The results are presented for different time periods due to a change in the spectroscopic resolution of MIPAS in early 2005. Retrieval results for N2O, CH4, and CFC-12 show partly good agreement for some altitude regions, which differs for the periods with different spectroscopic resolution. The more recent low spectroscopic resolution data above 20 km altitude show agreement with the combined uncertainties, while there is a tendency of the earlier high spectral resolution data set to underestimate these species above 25 km. The earlier high spectral resolution data show a significant overestimation of the mixing ratios for N2O, CH4, and CFC-12 below 20 km. These differences need to be considered when using these data. The CFC-11 results from the operation retrieval version 6.0 cannot be recommended for scientific studies due to a systematic overestimation of the CFC-11 mixing ratios at all altitudes.
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal cell carcinoma in a patient with solitary functioning kidney
Authors: Jeong Young Beom , Ko Oh Seok , Park Hyung Sub , Cha Jai Seong , Park Seung Chol , Kim Hyung Jin , Park Jong Kwan , Shin Yu Seob 
Published: March 2016

We present a case of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a solitary functioning kidney (SFK), managed by robot-assisted dismembered pyeloplasty with partial nephrectomy in a single stage. To our best knowledge, we report the first case of UPJO with RCC in a congenital SFK.