bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying sensitive ranges in global warming precipitation change dependence on convective parameters
Authors: Bernstein Diana N. , Neelin J. David 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA branch‐run perturbed‐physics ensemble in the Community Earth System Model estimates impacts of parameters in the deep convection scheme on current hydroclimate and on end‐of‐century precipitation change projections under global warming. Regional precipitation change patterns prove highly sensitive to these parameters, especially in the tropics with local changes exceeding 3 mm/d, comparable to the magnitude of the predicted change and to differences in global warming predictions among the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 models. This sensitivity is distributed nonlinearly across the feasible parameter range, notably in the low‐entrainment range of the parameter for turbulent entrainment in the deep convection scheme. This suggests that a useful target for parameter sensitivity studies is to identify such disproportionately sensitive “dangerous ranges.” The low‐entrainment range is used to illustrate the reduction in global warming regional precipitation sensitivity that could occur if this dangerous range can be excluded based on evidence from current climate.
ChemInform Abstract: NITRILE CYCLIZATION REACTIONS. V. 2‐ARYL‐3‐(2‐THIENOYL)‐1,1‐DICYANOPROPANES AND DERIVATIVES OF PYRIDINES MADE FROM THEM
Authors: SHARANIN YU. A. , PROMONENKOV V. K. , SHESTOPALOV A. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Arylidenmalodinitrile (I) werden mit dem Diketon (II) zu den Thenoylverbindungen (IIIa) und (IIIb) kondensiert.
Cell Surface Engineering to Control Cellular Interactions
Authors: Custódio Catarina A. , Mano João F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCell surface composition determines all interactions of the cell with its environment, thus cell functions such as adhesion, migration and cell–cell interactions can potentially be controlled by engineering and manipulating the cell membrane. Cell membranes present a rich repertoire of molecules, therefore a versatile ground for modification. However the complex and dynamic nature of the cell surface is also a major challenge for cell surface engineering that should also involve strategies compatible with cell viability. Cell surface engineering by selective chemical reactions or by the introduction of exogenous targeting ligands can be a powerful tool for engineering novel interactions and controlling cell function. In addition to chemical conjugation and modification of functional groups, ligands of interest to modify the surface of cells include recombinant proteins, liposomes or nanoparticles. Here, we review recent efforts to perform changes to cell surface composition. We focus on the engineering of the cell surface with biological, chemical or physical methods to modulate cell functions and control cell–cell and cell–microenvironment interactions. Potential applications of cell surface engineering are also discussed.
A Chiral 3 D Net with 2 D Cairo Pentagonal Tiling Projection in Site‐Modified CuCN/CuSCN Networks
Authors: Lin Shi‐Hong , Li Mian , Luo Dong , Zhang De‐Xiang , Wen Tian , Zhou Xiao‐Ping , Li Dan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA novel isohedral 3‐periodic net (i.e. a net with one kind of tile), showing a Cairo pentagonal tiling projection on the Euclidean plane, has been identified in a series of site‐modified CuCN/CuSCN networks, namely, [Cu6(SCN)2(CN)6⋅Ni(tpy)2]n (1), [Cu6(SCN)(CN)7⋅Ni(tpy)2]n (2) and [Cu6(CN)8⋅Ni(tpy)2]n (3) (tpy=2,2′:6′′,2′′‐terpyridine). These infinite inclusion compounds were prepared via a solvothermal sulfur migration reaction with subtle modification to fine‐tune the sulfur content. The chiroptical activity of single crystals, which arises from the intrinsically chiral net, was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and solid‐state circular dichroism spectra.
Volumetric coupling approaches for multiphysics simulations on non‐matching meshes
Authors: Farah P. , Vuong A.‐T. , Wall W.A. , Popp A. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIn finite element analysis of volume coupled multiphysics, different meshes for the involved physical fields are often highly desirable in terms of solution accuracy and computational costs. We present a general methodology for volumetric coupling of different meshes within a monolithic solution scheme. A straightforward collocation approach is compared to a mortar‐based method for nodal information transfer. For the latter, dual shape functions based on the biorthogonality concept are used to build the projection matrices, thus further reducing the evaluation costs. We give a detailed explanation of the integration scheme and the construction of dual shape functions for general first‐order and second‐order Langrangian finite elements within the mortar method, as well as an analysis of the conservation properties of the projection operators. Moreover, possible incompatibilities due to different geometric approximations of curved boundaries are discussed. Numerical examples demonstrate the flexibility of the presented mortar approach for arbitrary finite element combinations in two and three dimensions and its applicability to different multiphysics coupling scenarios. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The association between defibrillation shock energy and acute cardiac damage in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators
Authors: Ishigaki Daisuke , Kutsuzawa Daisuke , Arimoto Takanori , Iwayama Tadateru , Hashimoto Naoaki , Kumagai Yu , Nishiyama Satoshi , Takahashi Hiroki , Shishido Tetsuro , Miyamoto Takuya , Nitobe Joji , Fukui Akio , Watanabe Tetsu , Kubota Isao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to establish a minimally invasive defibrillation testing (DT) protocol for patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs).MethodsTwo different energy DTs were performed, immediately after (15 J‐DT) and 7 days after (≤10 J‐DT) device implantation, in 20 consecutive ICD implantation patients. Cardiac‐troponin T (c‐TNT) and heart‐type fatty acid binding protein (H‐FABP) levels were measured before implantation, 2 h after implantation, and 1 day after each DT. For an additional 122 patients with ICD, we retrospectively analyzed 203 DTs immediately and 7 days after device implantation.ResultsSerum c‐TNT levels were significantly elevated 2 h after 15 J‐DT [0.008 (0.004–0.019) vs. 0.053 (0.037–0.068) ng/mL, p<0.001], but not ≤10 J‐DT [0.007 (0.004–0.018) ng/mL]. Similarly, serum H‐FABP levels were significantly elevated 2 h after 15 J‐DT (2.9±1.5 vs. 6.4±3.4 ng/mL, p<0.001), but not ≤10 J‐DT (2.7±1.5 ng/mL). The changes in c‐TNT and H‐FABP levels between baseline and 2 h after DT were significantly greater for 15 J‐DT compared with ≤10 J‐DT [c‐TnT: 0.039 (0.029–0.060) vs. 0 (0–0.003) ng/mL, p<0.001; H‐FABP: 3.6±2.8 vs. −0.16±1.1 ng/mL, p<0.001]. The success rates of the initial shocks delivered for ventricular fibrillation were no different between ≤10 J‐DT (85% [78/92]) and ≥15 J‐DT (92% [103/111]).ConclusionsElevated levels of myocardial damage markers such as c‐TNT and H‐FABP were not found after ≤10 J‐DT. In addition, an acceptable success rate was confirmed in ≤10 J‐DT.
Efficacy of Continuous Dosing of Tadalafil Once Daily vs Tadalafil On Demand in Clinical Subgroups of Men with Erectile Dysfunction: A Descriptive Comparison Using the Integrated Tadalafil Databases
Authors: Brock Gerald , Ni Xiao , Oelke Matthias , Mulhall John , Rosenberg Matt , Seftel Allen , D'Souza Deborah , Barry Jane 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionVarious factors play a role in the development of erectile dysfunction (ED).AimTo provide a descriptive comparison of erectile function response for tadalafil on-demand (PRN) and once-daily (OAD) dosing regimens in patients with common comorbid conditions, treatments, or risk factors that can be considered when treating ED.MethodsIn total, 17 PRN and 4 OAD placebo-controlled studies were included in the integrated database in these pooled analyses. Data were analyzed from patients treated with placebo, tadalafil 10 mg (low dose), and 20 mg (high dose) for the PRN studies and placebo, tadalafil 2.5 mg (low dose), and 5 mg (high dose) for the OAD studies.Main Outcome MeasuresThe effects of tadalafil were measured using the International Index of Erectile Function administered from baseline to week 12. A descriptive comparison of the efficacy of tadalafil PRN vs OAD was examined in the clinical populations.ResultsBaseline characteristics of 4,354 men were comparable between the PRN and OAD groups, with differences seen only in the variables of race, body mass index (BMI) of at least 30 kg/m2, and alcohol use. Tadalafil was efficacious at improving erectile function for all clinical populations, except for the low-dose OAD group, which demonstrated a weaker effect vs placebo than the high-dose OAD group, and the low- and high-dose PRN groups vs placebo for patients with BMI of at least 30 kg/m2 for patients without a cardiovascular disorder, smokers, patients with ED duration shorter than 1 year, and patients without previous phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor use. Tadalafil was efficacious for patients with or without diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and alcohol use at baseline.ConclusionTadalafil OAD and PRN regimens showed efficacy in patients with ED. No clinical populations of patients with ED seemed to benefit overwhelmingly from one dose regimen over the other.
WHOQOL-100 Before and After Sex Reassignment Surgery in Brazilian Male-to-Female Transsexual Individuals
Authors: Cardoso da Silva Dhiordan , Schwarz Karine , Fontanari Anna Martha Vaitses , Costa Angelo Brandelli , Massuda Raffael , Henriques Alexandre Annes , Salvador Jaqueline , Silveira Esalba , Elias Rosito Tiago , Lobato Maria Inês Rodrigues 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The 100-item World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-100) evaluates quality of life as a subjective and multidimensional construct. Currently, particularly in Brazil, there are controversies concerning quality of life after sex reassignment surgery (SRS).

Aim
To assess the impact of surgical interventions on quality of life of 47 Brazilian male-to-female transsexual individuals using the WHOQOL-100.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study using the WHOQOL-100 and sociodemographic questions for individuals diagnosed with gender identity disorder according to criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. The protocol was used when a transsexual person entered the ambulatory clinic and at least 12 months after SRS.

Main Outcome Measures
Initially, improvement or worsening of quality of life was assessed using 6 domains and 24 facets. Subsequently, quality of life was assessed for individuals who underwent new surgical interventions and those who did not undergo these procedures 1 year after SRS.

Results
The participants showed significant improvement after SRS in domains II (psychological) and IV (social relationships) of the WHOQOL-100. In contrast, domains I (physical health) and III (level of independence) were significantly worse after SRS. Individuals who underwent additional surgery had a decrease in quality of life reflected in domains II and IV. During statistical analysis, all results were controlled for variations in demographic characteristics, without significant results.

Conclusion
The WHOQOL-100 is an important instrument to evaluate the quality of life of male-to-female transsexuals during different stages of treatment. SRS promotes the improvement of psychological aspects and social relationships. However, even 1 year after SRS, male-to-female transsexuals continue to report problems in physical health and difficulty in recovering their independence.
Postclassical Poetics: The Role of the Amatory Prelude for the Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters
Authors: Ullah Sahar Ishtiaque 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe prophetic encomia—panegyrics dedicated to the prophet Muhammad—are one of the most often recited forms of Arabic poetry up to today and are grounded in a cultural milieu where hagiography, competitive circulation of narrative and counter-narratives, rituals and esoteric practices, and educational institutions have a role in its formation. The unifying of the classical erotic poetic with the postclassical devotional created out of the encomium a vehicle that encapsulated palpable memory, nostalgia, and aspirational ideal for a greater past and beloved subject and successfully left a lasting cultural imprint. Against a general disregard for the postclassical tradition as one of decadence argued by Arab modernists, I join the ongoing effort to debunk the myth of premodern decadence as interrogated by Muhsin al-Musawi’s two-part article “The Republic of Letters: Arab Modernity?” by considering the role of the postclassical prophetic encomia’s amatory prelude—a convention from the classical Arabic ode—as a site of continuity and innovation. Within specifically the famousQaṣīdat al-Burdah(trans.The Mantle Ode) by Muhammad ibn Sa'īd al-Būsīrī (d. 693/1294) and thebadī’iyyātmodeled after theBurdahin meter and rhyme initiated by Ṣafī al-Dīn al-Ḥillī (d. 750/1349), the prelude takes a significant poetic turn replacing the classical abandoned desert campsites of the Arabic ode with the city of Madīnah. Operating as a unifying repository of the medieval Islamic Republic of Letters, the amatory prelude continued to perform its classical function as a liminal space but innovatively transformed that space for the reading/listening public as a collective reimagining of the Beloved as Muhammad and the abandoned desert campsite as the City of the Prophet outside of the discursive borders of the imperial.
South American Market Integration: The Argentina-Brazil Rivalry Myth and Motivations for the Southern Common Market
Authors: Giaever Trygve Alexander , Schofield Julian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper revisits and rebuts the mainstream view that Brazil and Argentina were led to form the Southern Common Market to end more than a century of rivalry and competition. We find the elements characterizing an interstate rivalry diminishing in the nineteenth century through the promotion of peaceful settlements and strategic alliances while those that could prompt security concerns disappeared years before the Southern Common Market was formed. Except for diplomatic disputes over the distribution of shared water resources, a disagreement settled in 1979, the decades preceding the Treaty of Asuncion were typified by security alliances, co-operation on economic complementarity and the promotion of bilateral institutions. We find little evidence for the implied security motivations being proposed in the literature. Rather, the establishment of the Southern Common Market was driven primarily by Argentina's and Brazil's desire to improve economic performance and advance political leverage through the promotion of a common stance in global affairs. This view challenges a common component in integration theory that, as applied to the European Union and elsewhere, asserts the privileged role of security concerns as prime driver for integration. This matters because there is a misapprehension that affects both the theory about integration as well as the formulation of policy prescriptions for South America.
Enhanced terahertz radiation generation by two-color laser pulses propagating in plasma
Authors: Verma N.K. , Jha P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA one-dimensional (1D) numerical model for studying enhanced terahertz (THz) radiation generation by mixing of ordinary and extraordinary modes of two-color laser pulses propagating in magnetized plasma has been presented. The direction of the static external magnetic field is such that one of the two laser pulses propagates in the extraordinary mode, while the other pulse propagates in the ordinary mode, through homogeneous plasma. A transverse electromagnetic wave with frequency in the THz range is generated due to the presence of the external magnetic field. It is observed that larger amplitude THz radiation can be generated by mixing of the ordinary and extraordinary modes of the two-color laser pulses as compared with the single laser pulse propagating in the extraordinary mode. Further, 2D simulations using the XOOPIC code show that the fields obtained via simulation study are compatible with those obtained from the numerical model.
THE TROLLEY PROBLEM AND AGGRESSION
Authors: Kamm F. M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:This essay considers complications introduced by the Trolley Problem to the discussion of whether and when harming some for the sake of helping others would be unjustified. It first examines Guido Pincione’s arguments for the conclusion that the permissibility of a bystander turning a runaway trolley from killing five people toward killing one other person instead may undermine one moral argument for political libertarianism and against redistributive taxation, namely that we may not harm some people in order to help others to a greater degree. It then considers both the bearing on Pincione’s argument of recent objections to the permissibility of turning the trolley, as well as the soundness of the objections. Finally, the essay considers the relevance of trolley cases for developing a theory of aggression, insofar as aggression is the unjustified use of force that is either foreseen or intended.
Saints of the Indus: The Rise of Islam in South Asia's Borderlands
Authors: WINK ANDRÉ 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper summarises an argument I make at much greater length in the forthcoming fourth volume of my book Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. For more detail and extensive footnotes and references I refer to the longer version.The aim of this summary is to provide an outline of a new account of the rise of Islam in Sindh and more broadly the Indus borderlands — the latter comprise Sindh, Baluchistan, the Afghan tribal areas and the Kabul wilayat, Kafiristan (the later Nuristan), the western Panjab, and, to the east and south of the northernmost curve of the Indus river, the Kashmir valley and its surrounding mountain zone. With the exception of about half of the Afghan tribal lands which are part of Afghanistan and the valley of Kashmir which is part of India today, this area is broadly coterminous with Pakistan minus Lahore.
Bacterioplankton niche partitioning in the use of phytoplankton-derived dissolved organic carbon: quantity is more important than quality
Authors: Sarmento Hugo , Morana Cédric , Gasol Josep M 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Some prokaryotes are known to be specialized in the use of phytoplankton-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOCp) originated by exudation or cell lysis; however, direct quantification measurements are extremely rare. Several studies have described bacterial selectivity based on DOCp quality, but very few have focused on the quantity of DOCp, and the relative importance of each of these variables (for example, quantity versus quality) on prokaryote responses. We applied an adapted version of the MAR-FISH (microautoradiography coupled with catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization) protocol using radiolabelled exudates from axenic algal cultures to calculate a specialization index (d’) for large bacterioplankton phylogenetic groups using DOCp from different phytoplankton species and at different concentrations to elucidate to what extent the bacterial response to DOCp is driven by resource quantity (different DOCp concentrations) or by quality (DOCp from different phytoplankton species). All bacterial phylogenetic groups studied had lower d’ at higher DOCp concentration, indicating more generalist behavior at higher resource availabilities. Indeed, at increasing resource concentrations, most bacterial groups incorporated DOCp indiscriminately, regardless of its origin (or quality). At low resource concentrations, only some specialists were able to actively incorporate the various types of organic matter effectively. The variability of bacterial responses to different treatments was systematically higher at varying concentrations than at varying DOCp types, suggesting that, at least for this range of concentrations (10–100 μM), DOCp quantity affects bacterial responses more than quality does. Therefore, resource quantity may be more relevant than resource quality in the bacterial responses to DOCp and affect how bacterioplankton use phytoplankton-derived carbon.
Ancestral genome reconstruction identifies the evolutionary basis for trait acquisition in polyphosphate accumulating bacteria
Authors: Oyserman Ben O , Moya Francisco , Lawson Christopher E , Garcia Antonio L , Vogt Mark , Heffernen Mitchell , Noguera Daniel R , McMahon Katherine D 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The evolution of complex traits is hypothesized to occur incrementally. Identifying the transitions that lead to extant complex traits may provide a better understanding of the genetic nature of the observed phenotype. A keystone functional group in wastewater treatment processes are polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), however the evolution of the PAO phenotype has yet to be explicitly investigated and the specific metabolic traits that discriminate non-PAO from PAO are currently unknown. Here we perform the first comprehensive investigation on the evolution of the PAO phenotype using the model uncultured organism Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis (Accumulibacter) through ancestral genome reconstruction, identification of horizontal gene transfer, and a kinetic/stoichiometric characterization of Accumulibacter Clade IIA. The analysis of Accumulibacter’s last common ancestor identified 135 laterally derived genes, including genes involved in glycogen, polyhydroxyalkanoate, pyruvate and NADH/NADPH metabolisms, as well as inorganic ion transport and regulatory mechanisms. In contrast, pathways such as the TCA cycle and polyphosphate metabolism displayed minimal horizontal gene transfer. We show that the transition from non-PAO to PAO coincided with horizontal gene transfer within Accumulibacter’s core metabolism; likely alleviating key kinetic and stoichiometric bottlenecks, such as anaerobically linking glycogen degradation to polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis. These results demonstrate the utility of investigating the derived genome of a lineage to identify key transitions leading to an extant complex phenotype.
Functionalization mediates heat transport in graphene nanoflakes
Authors: Han Haoxue , Zhang Yong , Wang Nan , Samani Majid Kabiri , Ni Yuxiang , Mijbil Zainelabideen Y. , Edwards Michael , Xiong Shiyun , Sääskilahti Kimmo , Murugesan Murali , Fu Yifeng , Ye Lilei , Sadeghi Hatef , Bailey Steven , Kosevich Yuriy A. , Lambert Colin J. , Liu Johan , Volz Sebastian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe high thermal conductivity of graphene and few-layer graphene undergoes severe degradations through contact with the substrate. Here we show experimentally that the thermal management of a micro heater is substantially improved by introducing alternative heat-escaping channels into a graphene-based film bonded to functionalized graphene oxide through amino-silane molecules. Using a resistance temperature probe for in situ monitoring we demonstrate that the hotspot temperature was lowered by ∼28 °C for a chip operating at 1,300 W cm−2. Thermal resistance probed by pulsed photothermal reflectance measurements demonstrated an improved thermal coupling due to functionalization on the graphene–graphene oxide interface. Three functionalization molecules manifest distinct interfacial thermal transport behaviour, corroborating our atomistic calculations in unveiling the role of molecular chain length and functional groups. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the functionalization constrains the cross-plane phonon scattering, which in turn enhances in-plane heat conduction of the bonded graphene film by recovering the long flexural phonon lifetime.