bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct costs of osteoporosis-related hip fractures: protocol for a cross-sectional analysis of a national database
Authors: Maghbooli Zhila , Hossein-nezhad Arash , Jafarpour Maryam , Noursaadat Sima , Ramezani Majid , Hashemian Roxana , Moattari Syamak 
Published: April 2017

IntroductionIt is estimated that Iran accounted for about 1% of hip fracture burden of the world in 2007, but these data are based on incomplete evidence. As the country’s population is ageing, it is expected that a dramatic rise in hip fracture incidence will result. There is no single national study that accurately estimates the incidence of all hip fractures in the country or identifies the direct costs for affected patients. To help fill this gap, the current study has been designed to determine the incidence of hip fracture associated with osteoporosis in the Iranian population and to assess the direct costs involved.Methods and analysisThis is a cross-sectional analysis of 2 years of hospital admissions due to hip fracture in Iran from October 2014 to October 2016 using an electronic health record called SEPAS. SEPAS is a nationwide health information system established by Information Technology (IT) and the Statistics Department of the Ministry of Health. SEPAS has recorded more than 8.5 million inpatient hospitalizations since October 2014. Our study will identify reported hip fracture data in SEPAS among admitted adult hospital patients aged ≥50 in Iran. International Classification of Diseases ICD-9 and 10 will be used as diagnostic codes. Study factors are demographic data, types of fracture, types of treatment, duration of admission, early complications, in-hospital mortality and direct cost of fracture treatment. The accuracy of the SEPAS fracture data will be ascertained through a pilot study that compares the SEPAS data with the data directly extracted from medical records of the Shariati Hospital in Tehran during the study period.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the National Institute for Medical Research Development of Iran. Dissemination plans include academic publications, conference presentations and social media.
Characterizing Users and Tracking Their Activities in Online Classified Ads
Authors: Waqar Muhammad , Rafiei Davood 
Published: April 2017

Characterizing users and tracking their activities in online classified ads is a topic of great importance. However, some of the underlying problems associated with modeling users and detecting their behavioral changes have not been well-studied. In this paper, we develop a probabilistic framework for characterizing users and quantifying some of the spatial and temporal variations in their posts. Our work on characterizing users study the problem in the context of detecting if a user belongs to a class, based on the ads the user has posted. Our approach is based on user profiling, where given statistics on user posts, the affinity of a user to a class is estimated. We show how profiles can be constructed with and without training data and report the effectiveness of our approaches in detecting two user classes business and non-business. Our work on quantifying changes due to spatial and temporal variations is based on a probabilistic model of user behavior and a generative model that can predict ad posts from each location. We evaluate these models on a relatively large set of users and ads, and report our results on two classes of users monitored over a period of almost a year.
Comorphic rings
Authors: Alkan M. , Nicholson W. K. , Özcan A. Ç. 
Published: April 2017

A ring [Formula: see text] is called left comorphic if, for each [Formula: see text] there exists [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] Examples include (von Neumann) regular rings, and [Formula: see text] for a prime [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] One motivation for studying these rings is that the comorphic rings (left and right) are just the quasi-morphic rings, where [Formula: see text] is left quasi-morphic if, for each [Formula: see text] there exist [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] If [Formula: see text] here the ring is called left morphic. It is shown that [Formula: see text] is left comorphic if and only if, for any finitely generated left ideal [Formula: see text] there exists [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] Using this, we characterize when a left comorphic ring has various properties, and show that if [Formula: see text] is local with nilpotent radical, then [Formula: see text] is left comorphic if and only if it is right comorphic. We also show that a semiprime left comorphic ring [Formula: see text] is semisimple if either [Formula: see text] is left perfect or [Formula: see text] has the ACC on [Formula: see text] After a preliminary study of left comorphic rings with the ACC on [Formula: see text] we show that a quasi-Frobenius ring is left comorphic if and only if every right ideal is principal; if and only if every left ideal is a left principal annihilator. We characterize these rings as follows: The following are equivalent for a ring [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] is quasi-Frobenius and left comorphic. [Formula: see text] is left comorphic, left perfect and right Kasch. [Formula: see text] is left comorphic, right Kasch, with the ACC on [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] is left comorphic, left mininjective, with the ACC on [Formula: see text] Some examples of these rings are given.
Genomic Analysis of Thymic Epithelial Tumors Identifies Novel Subtypes Associated with Distinct Clinical Features
Authors: Lee Hyun-Sung , Jang Hee-Jin , Shah Rohan , Yoon David , Hamaji Masatsugu , Wald Ori , Lee Ju-Seog , Sugarbaker David J. , Burt Bryan M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Purpose: To reconcile the heterogeneity of thymic epithelial tumors (TET) and gain deeper understanding of the molecular determinants of TETs, we set out to establish a clinically relevant molecular classification system for these tumors.
Experimental Design: Molecular subgrouping of TETs was performed in 120 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas using a multidimensional approach incorporating analyses of DNA mutations, mRNA expression, and somatic copy number alterations (SCNA), and validated in two independent cohorts.
Results: Four distinct molecular subtypes of TETs were identified. The most commonly identified gene mutation was a missense mutation in General Transcription Factor II-I (GTF2I group), which was present in 38% of patients. The next group was identified by unsupervised mRNA clustering of GTF2I wild-type tumors and represented TETs enriched in expression of genes associated with T-cell signaling (TS group; 33%). The remaining two groups were distinguished by their degree of chromosomal stability (CS group; 8%) or instability (CIN group; 21%) based upon SCNA analyses. Disease-free survival and overall survival were favorable in the GTF2I group and unfavorable in the CIN group. These molecular subgroups were associated with TET histology and clinical features including disease-free survival. Finally, we demonstrate high expression of PD1 mRNA and correlation of PD1 and CD8A in the TS subgroup.
Conclusions: Molecular subtyping of TETs is associated with disease-free and overall survival. Classification of TETs by a molecular framework could aid in the refinement of staging and in the discovery and development of rational treatment options for patients with TETs. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4855–64. ©2017 AACR.
A Presurgical Study of Lecithin Formulation of Green Tea Extract in Women with Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Lazzeroni Matteo , Guerrieri-Gonzaga Aliana , Gandini Sara , Johansson Harriet , Serrano Davide , Cazzaniga Massimiliano , Aristarco Valentina , Macis Debora , Mora Serena , Caldarella Pietro , Pagani Gianmatteo , Pruneri Giancarlo , Riva Antonella , Petrangolini Giovanna , Morazzoni Paolo , DeCensi Andrea , Bonanni Bernardo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Epidemiologic data support an inverse association between green tea intake and breast cancer risk. Greenselect Phytosome (GSP) is a lecithin formulation of a caffeine-free green tea catechin extract. The purpose of the study was to determine the tissue distribution of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) and its effect on cell proliferation and circulating biomarkers in breast cancer patients. Twelve early breast cancer patients received GSP 300 mg, equivalent to 44.9 mg of EGCG, daily for 4 weeks prior to surgery. The EGCG levels were measured before (free) and after (total) enzymatic hydrolysis by HPLC-MS/MS in plasma, urine, breast cancer tissue, and surrounding normal breast tissue. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline, before the last administration, and 2 hours later. Repeated administration of GSP achieved levels of total EGCG ranging from 17 to 121 ng/mL in plasma. Despite a high between-subject variability, total EGCG was detectable in all tumor tissue samples collected up to 8 ng/g. Median total EGCG concentration was higher in the tumor as compared with the adjacent normal tissue (3.18 ng/g vs. 0 ng/g, P = 0.02). Free EGCG concentrations ranged from 8 to 65.8 ng/mL in plasma (P between last administration and 2 hours after &lt;0.001). Free EGCG plasma levels showed a significant positive correlation with the Ki-67 decrease in tumor tissue (P = 0.02). No change in any other biomarkers was noted, except for a slight increase in testosterone levels after treatment. Oral GSP increases bioavailability of EGCG, which is detectable in breast tumor tissue and is associated with antiproliferative effects on breast cancer tissue. Cancer Prev Res; 10(6); 363–9. ©2017 AACR.
Abnormal Remodeling of Subcutaneous Small Arteries Is Associated With Early Diastolic Impairment in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Khavandi Kaivan , Aghamohammadzadeh Reza , Luckie Matthew , Brownrigg Jack , Alam Uazman , Khattar Rajdeep , Malik Rayaz A. , Heagerty Anthony M. , Greenstein Adam S. 
Published: April 2017

Background
Small artery pathophysiology is frequently invoked as a cause of obesity‐related diastolic heart failure. However, evidence to support this hypothesis is scant, particularly in humans.

Methods and Results

To address this, we studied human small artery structure and function in obesity and looked for correlations between vascular parameters and diastolic function. Seventeen obese patients with metabolic syndrome and 5 control participants underwent echocardiography and subcutaneous gluteal fat biopsy. Small arteries were isolated from the biopsy and pressure myography was used to study endothelial function and wall structure. In comparison with the control group, small arteries from obese participants exhibited significant endothelial dysfunction, assessed as the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine and also pathological growth of the wall. For the obese participants, multiple regression analysis revealed an association between left atrial volume and both the small artery wall thickness (β=0.718,
P
=0.02) and wall‐to‐lumen ratio (β=0.605,
P
=0.02). Furthermore, the E:E′ ratio was associated with wall‐to‐lumen ratio (β=0.596,
P
=0.02) and inversely associated with interleukin‐6 (β=−0.868,
P
=0.03). By contrast, endothelial function did not correlate with any of the echocardiographic parameters studied.

Conclusions
Although the small arteries studied were not cardiac in origin, our results support a role for small artery remodeling in the development of diastolic dysfunction in humans. Further direct examination of the structure and function of the myocardial resistance vasculature is now warranted, to elucidate the temporal association between metabolic risk factors, small artery injury, and diastolic impairment.
Relationship Between Peak Troponin Values and Long‐Term Ischemic Events Among Medically Managed Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Goldstein Sarah A. , Newby L. Kristin , Cyr Derek D. , Neely Megan , Lüscher Thomas F. , Brown Eileen B. , White Harvey D. , Ohman E. Magnus , Roe Matthew T. , Hamm Christian W. 
Published: April 2017

Background

The relationship between troponin level and outcomes among patients with non‐
ST
‐segment elevation ACS is established, but the relationship of troponin level with long‐term outcomes among medically managed non‐ST‐segment elevation ACS patients receiving contemporary antiplatelet therapy is inadequately defined.

Methods and Results

In 6763 medically managed non‐ST‐segment elevation ACS patients randomized in
TRILOGY ACS
(Targeted Platelet Inhibition to Clarify the Optimal Strategy to Medically Manage Acute Coronary Syndromes) (prasugrel versus clopidogrel), we examined relationships between categories of peak troponin/upper limit of normal (
ULN
) ratio within 48 hours of the index
ACS
event (≈4.5 days before randomization) and 30‐month outcomes (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke; cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction; and all‐cause death). Patients with peak troponin levels <1×
ULN
were younger, were more often women, and had lower
GRACE
risk scores than those in other troponin groups. Those with ratios ≥5×
ULN
were more frequently smokers but less often had prior myocardial infarction or percutaneous coronary intervention. Diabetes mellitus prevalence, body mass index, serum creatinine, and hemoglobin were similar across groups. For all end points, statistically significant differences in 30‐month event rates were observed between peak troponin categories. The relationship was linear for 30‐month mortality (<1×
ULN
, n=1849 [6.2%]; 1 to <3×
ULN
, n=1203 [9.6%]; 3 to <5×
ULN
, n=581 [10.8%]; and ≥5×
ULN
, n=3405 [12.8%]) but plateaued for composite end points beyond peak troponin values ≥3×
ULN
. There was no statistically significant heterogeneity in treatment effect by peak troponin ratio for any end point.

Conclusions
Among medically managed non‐ST‐segment elevation ACS patients selected for medical management, there was a graded relationship between increasing peak troponin and long‐term ischemic events but no heterogeneity of treatment effect for prasugrel versus clopidogrel according to peak troponin.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
00699998.
In Utero Particulate Matter Exposure Produces Heart Failure, Electrical Remodeling, and Epigenetic Changes at Adulthood
Authors: Tanwar Vineeta , Gorr Matthew W. , Velten Markus , Eichenseer Clayton M. , Long Victor P. , Bonilla Ingrid M. , Shettigar Vikram , Ziolo Mark T. , Davis Jonathan P. , Baine Stephen H. , Carnes Cynthia A. , Wold Loren E. 
Published: April 2017

Background

Particulate matter (PM;
PM
2.5
[PM with diameters of <2.5 μm]) exposure during development is strongly associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes at adulthood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that in utero
PM
2.5
exposure alone could alter cardiac structure and function at adulthood.

Methods and Results

Female
FVB
mice were exposed either to filtered air or
PM
2.5
at an average concentration of 73.61 μg/m
3
for 6 h/day, 7 days/week throughout pregnancy. After birth, animals were analyzed at 12 weeks of age. Echocardiographic (n=9–10 mice/group) and pressure‐volume loop analyses (n=5 mice/group) revealed reduced fractional shortening, increased left ventricular end‐systolic and ‐diastolic diameters, reduced left ventricular posterior wall thickness, end‐systolic elastance, contractile reserve (
dP
/dt
max
/end‐systolic volume), frequency‐dependent acceleration of relaxation), and blunted contractile response to β‐adrenergic stimulation in
PM
2.5
‐exposed mice. Isolated cardiomyocyte (n=4–5 mice/group) function illustrated reduced peak shortening, ±
dL
/
dT
, and prolonged action potential duration at 90% repolarization. Histological left ventricular analyses (n=3 mice/group) showed increased collagen deposition in in utero
PM
2.5
‐exposed mice at adulthood. Cardiac interleukin (
IL)
‐6,
IL
‐1ß, collagen‐1, matrix metalloproteinase (
MMP
) 9, and
MMP
13 gene expressions were increased at birth in in utero
PM
2.5
‐exposed mice (n=4 mice/group). In adult hearts (n=5 mice/group), gene expressions of sirtuin (Sirt) 1 and Sirt2 were decreased, DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) 1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b were increased, and protein expression (n=6 mice/group) of Ca
2+
‐ATPase, phosphorylated phospholamban, and Na
+
/Ca
2+
exchanger were decreased.

Conclusions

In utero
PM
2.5
exposure triggers an acute inflammatory response, chronic matrix remodeling, and alterations in Ca
2+
handling proteins, resulting in global adult cardiac dysfunction. These results also highlight the potential involvement of epigenetics in priming of adult cardiac disease.
Predictors of Dysphagia in Acute Pontine Infarction
Authors: Lapa Sriramya , Luger Sebastian , Pfeilschifter Waltraud , Henke Christian , Wagner Marlies , Foerch Christian 
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose—
Little is known about the frequency and the clinical characteristics of neurogenic dysphagia in pontine strokes. In this study, we sought to identify predictors for dysphagia in a cohort of patients with isolated pontine infarctions.

Methods—
We included all patients admitted to our department between 2008 and 2014 having an acute (<48 hours after symptom onset) ischemic stroke in the pons, as documented by means of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Precise infarct localization was stratified according to established vascular territories. The presence of dysphagia was the primary end point of the study and was assessed by a Speech-Language Pathologist according to defined criteria.

Results—

The study recruited 59 patients, 14 with and 45 without dysphagia. Median (interquartile range) stroke severity (in terms of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale values) was higher in the dysphagic group as compared with patients without dysphagia (8.5 [6–12] versus 2 [1–5];
P
<0.001). Infarct localization in the upper part of the pons (78.6% versus 33.3%;
P
=0.004) and in the anterolateral vascular territory (78.6% versus 31.1%;
P
=0.002) occurred more often in the dysphagic group. In a multivariate model, age, infarct volume, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale value were independent predictors of dysphagia.

Conclusions—
Dysphagia occurs frequently in patients with isolated pontine infarctions. Clinical and imaging predictors of dysphagia may help to provide optimal screening, to prevent complications and to improve long-term prognosis.
The Role of Ice Microphysics Parametrizations in Determining the Prevalence of Supercooled Liquid Water in High-Resolution Simulations of a Southern Ocean Midlatitude Cyclone
Authors: Furtado Kalli , Field Paul 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
High-resolution simulations of a Southern Ocean cyclone are compared to satellite-derived observations of liquid water path, cloud-top properties, and top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes. The focus is on the cold-air-outflow region, where there are contributions to the hydrological budget from the microphysical growth of ice particles by riming and vapor deposition and transport by turbulent mixing. The sensitivity of the simulation to the parameterization of these processes is tested and the relative importance of ice-nucleation temperature is identified. It is shown that ice-phase microphysics is a key factor determining the phase composition of Southern Ocean clouds and physically reasonable parameterization changes are identified that affect the liquid water content of these clouds. The information gained from the sensitivity tests is applied to global model development, where it is shown that a modification to the riming parameterization improves climate mean-state biases in the Southern Ocean region.
Prohibitin – At the crossroads of obesity-linked diabetes and cancer
Authors: Mishra Suresh , Nyomba BL Grégoire 
Published: April 2017

The promoter of a gene that is selectively expressed in just a few cell types provides unique opportunities to study: (1) the pleiotropic function of a protein in two different cell types including the cell compartment specific function, and (2) the crosstalk between two cell/tissue types at the systemic level. This is not possible with a ubiquitous or a highly specific gene promoter. The adipocyte protein-2 ( aP2) is one such gene. It is primarily expressed in adipocytes, but also selectively in monocytic macrophages and dendritic cells, among various immune cell types. Thus, the adipocyte protein-2 gene promoter provides an opportunity to simultaneously manipulate adipose and immune functions in a transgenic animal. Prohibitin (PHB) is a pleiotropic protein that has roles in both adipocytes and immune cells. Adipocyte specific functions of prohibitin are mediated through its mitochondrial function, whereas its immune functions are mediated in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. We capitalized on this attribute of prohibitin to explore the crosstalk between adipose and immune functions, and to discern mitochondrial and plasma membrane-associated cell signaling functions of prohibitin, by expressing wild type prohibitin (Mito-Ob) and a phospho-mutant form of prohibitin (m-Mito-Ob) from the protein-2 gene promoter, individually. Both transgenic mice develop obesity in a sex-neutral manner, but develop obesity-related metabolic dysregulation in a male sex-specific manner. Subsequently, the male Mito-Ob mice spontaneously developed type 2 diabetes and liver cancer, whereas the male m-Mito-Ob mice developed lymph node tumors or autoimmune diabetes in a context-dependent manner. This review provides a point of view on the role of prohibitin in mediating sex differences in adipose and immune functions at the systemic level. We discuss the unique attributes of prohibitin and provide a new paradigm in adipose-immune crosstalk mediated through a pleiotropic protein.Impact statementProhibitin (PHB) is ubiquitously expressed and plays a role in adipocyte-immune cell cross-talk. Both male and female transgenic mice expressing wild-type PHB in adipose tissue and in macrophages are obese, but only males develop diabetes and liver cancer. When the mice express PHB mutated on tyrosine-114 in adipocytes and macrophages, both males and females are still obese, but none develops liver cancer; instead, males develop lymph node tumors. Adipocyte specific functions of PHB are mediated through its mitochondrial function, whereas its immune functions are mediated in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Thus, PHB appears to be an important molecule linking obesity, diabetes, and cancer. In addition, this link appears to be affected by sex steroids. Therefore, targeting PHB may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes and cancer.