bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Optimal Treatments for Major Depression
Authors: Blier Pierre , Ward Herbert 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe treatment of major depression remains problematic for several reasons. In particular, the therapeutic response to medications usually does not manifest itself until a week after administration has begun, and more than half the patients will not experience a full recovery with the first antidepressant drug administration. There are, however, some pharmacologic strategies that can accelerate antidepressant response. When facing a treatment-resistant depression, combination therapy offers a more time-efficient approach to achieve remission than drug substitution. These interventions have been devised on a better understanding of the basis for the therapeutic response obtained with the first- and second-generation antidepressants, and evidence derived from controlled clinical trials of their superior effectiveness is growing. The rationale for such approaches will be described in this article, as well as their advantages and potential inconveniences. Ongoing research in this field continues to fuel the development of novel, better-tolerated, and more effective pharmacotherapies for depression.
The Neuropsychological Assessment of Dementia
Authors: Benke Thomas , Karner Elfriede 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIt has become standard practice to base the diagnosis of dementia on the combination of neuropsychological and non-behavioral findings. The present article provides a short, clinically oriented synopsis of the targets, investigational procedures, and difficulties of the modern neuropsychological approach to the diagnosis of dementia. Over the years, neuropsychology has developed assessment tools to evaluate the cognitive and behavioral abnormalities of many dementias. Validated tests of memory, language, executive, and other cognitive functions are used to screen for dementia and identifying certain dementia profiles. Behavioral assessment procedures are available for non-cognitive neurodegenerative alterations. At present, problems arise mainly with the behavioral heterogeneity of certain dementia syndromes. Especially problamatic are discrimination of age-associated or mild cognitive impairments from incipient dementia and the impact of psychiatric symptoms on cognitive functions. It is concluded that neuropsychology offers a valuable contribution to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of dementia.
Psychiatric Comorbidity and Pharmacotherapy in Sleep Disorders
Authors: Halaris Angelos 
Published: August 2016

The decision to devote this issue of CNS Spectrums to sleep disorders was two-fold. First, sleep disorders are of relatively high prevalence in the population with a significant impact on public health and safety. Unfortunately, their significance has been underestimated. Hence, the training of subspecialists capable to deal competently with the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders that afflict all age groups has lagged behind the training of other subspecialists. Second, the presence of psychiatric symptoms in many individuals afflicted with these disorders and the bona fide psychiatric comorbidity of many such patients have been underestimated. Psychiatric comorbidity raises some compelling issues about the need that at least selected patients presenting with a sleep problem should undergo a thorough psychiatric evaluation along with a specialized evaluation, if deemed necessary.Although the majority of patients with sleep disorder would benefit from an initial psychiatric evaluation, such a practice may not be available at all sleep centers. A psychiatric evaluation should first assess the nature and origin of psychiatric symptoms and determine the presence of a primary or secondary psychiatric disorder. Once a reliable diagnosis has been established, the proper course of treatment can be outlined. As with most other psychiatric conditions, a combined course of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy has the best chance of restoring functionality and preventing relapses. Thus, the role the psychiatrist can play in optimizing the care of patients with a sleep disorder cannot be overemphasized.
Melatonin and Jet Lag Syndrome: Experimental Model and Clinical Implications
Authors: Oxenkrug Gregory F. , Requintina Pura J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhat is the effect of melatonin on jet lag syndrome? Jet lag desynchronizes the internal sleep-wakefulness cycle with the environmental light/dark cycle. Advance (but not delay) of light onset is known to abolish pineal N-acetyltransferase activity and urine excretion of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin. Measurements of pineal serotonin, the substrate of melatonin biosynthesis; N-acetylserotonin (NAS), the immediate melatonin precursor; and melatonin (high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorimetric method) in the animal (rat) model of jet lag revealed that prolonged delay of darkphase onset disrupted the rhytms in comparable ways as the advance of light-phase onset. Advance of dark phase onset resulted in less severe disturbances of rhythms as compared with the advance of light phase onset. Melatonin, but not NAS, injections at the beginning of a new dark period accelerated recovery of NAS and melatonin, but not serotonin, rhythms. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were more sensitive to advance of light onset and less responsive to melatonin injections than normotensive rats. NAS and methylene blue, an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A, attenuated light-induced disruption of NAS but not melatonin rhythms. We draw the following conclusions from our data: the beginning of the dark period may be preferable to the beginning of light period as the arrival time on eastward flights; the efficacy of melatonin in alleviating jet lag may be enchanced by administering it before, during and after rapid transition through time zones; and hypertension may exaggerate jet lag syndrome.
Early Interventions Following Psychological Trauma
Authors: Bryant Richard A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTWhat is the best way to provide early interventions for psychiatric disorders after trauma? The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, have raised urgent concerns about the evidence for early treatments after trauma that can prevent psychiatric disorders. This review outlines the expected course of posttraumatic stress reactions and discusses the current means of identifying people who are at risk of developing disorders. A critique of psychological debriefing and an analysis of evidence for cognitive-behavioral therapy as an early intervention is provided. The major challenges for early intervention are discussed, including increasing treatment effectiveness, delivering therapy when it is required by thousands of people, and developing early interventions for a wide array of psychiatric disorders in addition to posttraumatic stress disorder that can develop following trauma.
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO “THE ARITHMETIC OF THE EVEN AND THE ODD”
Authors: MENN STEPHEN , PAMBUCCIAN VICTOR 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe correct two typos and an error in The Arithmetic of the Even and the Odd, and provide an axiom system for a weak arithmetic in which the fact that a square root of an integer is either irrational or an integer can be proved.
Putative extremely high rate of proteome innovation in lancelets might be explained by high rate of gene prediction errors
Authors: Bányai László , Patthy László 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA recent analysis of the genomes of Chinese and Florida lancelets has concluded that the rate of creation of novel protein domain combinations is orders of magnitude greater in lancelets than in other metazoa and it was suggested that continuous activity of transposable elements in lancelets is responsible for this increased rate of protein innovation. Since morphologically Chinese and Florida lancelets are highly conserved, this finding would contradict the observation that high rates of protein innovation are usually associated with major evolutionary innovations. Here we show that the conclusion that the rate of proteome innovation is exceptionally high in lancelets may be unjustified: the differences observed in domain architectures of orthologous proteins of different amphioxus species probably reflect high rates of gene prediction errors rather than true innovation.
Genome-wide Identification and Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Analysis of WRKY Components of Mulberry
Authors: Baranwal Vinay Kumar , Negi Nisha , Khurana Paramjit 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMulberry is known to be sensitive to several biotic and abiotic stresses, which in turn have a direct impact on the yield of silk, because it is the sole food source for the silk worm. WRKYs are a family of transcription factors, which play an important role in combating various biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified 54 genes with conserved WRKY motifs in the Morus notabilis genome. Motif searches coupled with a phylogenetic analysis revealed seven sub-groups as well as the absence of members of Group Ib in mulberry. Analyses of the 2K upstream region in addition to a gene ontology terms enrichment analysis revealed putative functions of mulberry WRKYs under biotic and abiotic stresses. An RNA-seq-based analysis showed that several of the identified WRKYs have shown preferential expression in the leaf, bark, root, male flower and winter bud of M. notabilis. Finally, expression analysis by qPCR under different stress and hormone treatments revealed genotype-specific responses. Taken together, our results briefs about the genome-wide identification of WRKYs as well as their differential response to stresses and hormones. Importantly, these data can also be utilized to identify potential molecular targets for conferring tolerance to various stresses in mulberry.
Modulation of Irisin and Physical Activity on Executive Functions in Obesity and Morbid obesity
Authors: Fagundo A. B. , Jiménez-Murcia S. , Giner-Bartolomé C. , Agüera Z. , Sauchelli S. , Pardo M. , Crujeiras A. B. , Granero R. , Baños R. , Botella C. , de la Torre R. , Fernández-Real J. M. , Fernández-García J. C. , Frühbeck G. , Rodríguez A. , Mallorquí-Bagué N. , Tárrega S. , Tinahones F. J. , Rodriguez R. , Ortega F. , Menchón J. M. , Casanueva F. F. , Fernández-Aranda F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhether the executive profile is different between obesity (OB) and morbid obesity (MO) remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) can act as a cognitive enhancer. Irisin is a recently discovered hormone associated with some of the positive effects of PA. The objective of the study was to investigate the executive profile in OB and MO, and to explore the role of PA and irisin. 114 participants were included (21 OB, 44 MO and 49 healthy controls-HC) in the study and assessed with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Color and Word Test, and Iowa Gambling Task. All participants were female, aged between 18 and 60 years. Results showed a similar dysfunctional profile on decision making in OB and MO compared with HC. Thus, no specific neuropsychological profiles between OB and MO can be clearly observed in our sample. However, a negative correlation was found between irisin and executive functioning. These results demonstrate a specific executive profile in OB and a relevant and negative modulation of irisin on executive functioning. Although irisin might be a promising target for the treatment of obesity, its effects on cognition might be considered when thinking about its therapeutic use.
Nitric oxide: A promising biomarker for respiratory disorders
Authors: Singh Meenu , Anil Nidhi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous messenger molecule with multiple roles in cellular physiology and signaling. Recent studies have indicated the role of NO as an inflammatory mediator and as a potential non invasive biomarker. The current review focuses on the role of nitric oxide and its derivatives including nitrites as potential non invasive biomarkers for assessing airway inflammation in respiratory disorders including asthma, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Abhängigkeit der Größe der OCT-Bruch-Membran-Öffnung von Hornhautkorrekturfaktoren – eine Pilotstudie
Authors: Luebke J. , Böhringer D. , Reinhard T. , Anton A. 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Messung der Bruch-Membran-Öffnungsfläche (BMO) und der darauf bezogenen dünnsten Nervenfaserschichtdicke (BMO-MRW) mittels optischer Kohärenztomografie (OCT) wird seit 2014 in der klinischen Routine angewendet. Vor der Messung muss die Hornhautbrechkraft (üblicherweise als Mittelwert beider Hornhautkrümmungsradien) angegeben werden. Mit diesen Angaben werden die kornealen Verzerrungen der Messstrahlen kompensiert. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einfluss dieser kornealen Korrektur zu quantifizieren.
Methoden: Es wurden die Sektoren der BMO-MRW, die gemittelte Nervenfaserschichtdicke aller Sektoren und die BMO von 5 rechten Augen von 5 gesunden Probanden mit dem Heidelberg Spectralis OCT jeweils 5× gemessen. Dabei wurde der Wert für die Hornhautkompensation mit der Messung systematisch erhöht (konkret: 7,1; 7,4; 7,7; 8,0; 8,3 mm).
Ergebnisse: Insgesamt zeigte sich eine annähernd lineare Abhängigkeit der Nervenfaserparameter von den „vorgelegten“ K-Werten. Diese Abhängigkeit erwies sich allerdings intraindividuell als variabel. Für die einzelnen Sektoren der BMO-MRW zeigten sich nur geringe prozentuale Änderungen durch die veränderte Korrektur. Sie lag im Bereich von 0,85 bis 1,97 % pro Änderung des K-Wertes um 0,3 mm. Für die Bruch-Membran-Öffnungsfläche zeigte sich eine stärkere Änderung mit im Mittel 7,71 % pro K-Wert-Änderung um 0,3 mm.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Korrekturberechnungen durch die K-Werte sind für die BMO-MRW-Messungen im Verlauf möglicherweise klinisch vernachlässigbar. Die Bruch-Membran-Öffnungsfläche ist stärker von der kornealen Korrektur abhängig. In longitudinalen Verlaufsmessungen sind diese Schwankungen klinisch möglicherweise ebenfalls vernachlässigbar, bei 1-Punkt-Messungen zur Standpunktbestimmung ist die korrekte Einstellung der Hornhautradien in jedem Fall empfehlenswert.
Characteristic arrangement of nucleosomes is predictive of chromatin interactions at kilobase resolution
Authors: Zhang Hui , Li Feifei , Jia Yan , Xu Bingxiang , Zhang Yiqun , Li Xiaoli , Zhang Zhihua 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHigh-throughput chromosome conformation capture technologies, such as Hi-C, have made it possible to survey 3D genome structure. However, the ability to obtain 3D profiles at kilobase resolution at low cost remains a major challenge. Therefore, we herein report a computational method to precisely identify chromatin interaction sites at kilobase resolution from MNase-seq data, termed chromatin interaction site detector (CISD), and a CISD-based chromatin loop predictor (CISD_loop) that predicts chromatin-chromatin interaction (CCI) from low-resolution Hi-C data. The methods are built on a hypothesis that CCIs result in a characteristic nucleosome arrangement pattern flanking the interaction sites. Accordingly, we show that the predictions of CISD and CISD_loop overlap closely with chromatin interaction analysis by paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) anchors and loops, respectively. Moreover, the methods trained in one cell type can be applied to other cell types with high accuracy. The validity of the methods was further supported by chromosome conformation capture (3C) experiments at 5kb resolution. Finally, we demonstrate that only modest amounts of MNase-seq and Hi-C data are sufficient to achieve ultrahigh resolution CCI map. The predictive power of CISD/CISD_loop supports the hypothesis that CCIs induce local nucleosome rearrangement and that the pattern may serve as probes for 3D dynamics of the genome. Thus, our method will facilitate precise and systematic investigations of the interactions between distal regulatory elements on a larger scale than hitherto have been possible.
A selective genetic algorithm for multiobjective optimization of cross sections in 3D trussed structures based on a spatial sensitivity analysis
Authors: Mroginski Javier Luis , Beneyto Pablo Alejandro , Gutierrez Guillermo J , Di Rado Ariel 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– There are many problems in civil or mechanical engineering related to structural design. In such a case, the solution techniques which lead to deterministic results are no longer valid due to the heuristic nature of design problems. The purpose of this paper is to propose a computational tool based on genetic algorithms, applied to the optimal design of cross-sections (solid tubes) of 3D truss structures.

Design/methodology/approach
– The main feature of this genetic algorithm approach is the introduction of a selective-smart method developed in order to improve the convergence rate of large optimization problems. This selective genetic algorithm is based on a preliminary sensitivity analysis performed over each variable, in order to reduce the search space of the evolutionary process. In order to account for the optimization of the total weight, the displacement (of a specific section) and the internal stresses distribution of the structure a multiobjective optimization function was proposed.

Findings
– The numerical results presented in this paper show a significant improvement in the convergence rate as well as an important reduction in the relative error, compared to the exact solution.

Originality/value
– The variables sensitivity analysis put forward in this approach introduces a significant improvement in the convergence rate of the genetic algorithm proposed in this paper.
Bacterial use of choline to tolerate salinity shifts in sea-ice brines
Authors: Firth E. , Carpenter S.D. , Sørensen H.L. , Collins R.E. , Deming J.W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBacteria within the brine network of sea ice experience temperature-driven fluctuations in salinity on both short and long temporal scales, yet their means of osmoprotection against such fluctuations is poorly understood. One mechanism used to withstand the ion fluxes caused by salinity shifts, well-known in mesophilic bacteria, is the import and export of low molecular weight organic solutes that are compatible with intracellular functions. Working with the marine psychrophilic gammaproteobacterium, Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H, and with natural microbial assemblages present in sackhole brines drained from sea ice in Kanajorsuit Bay (2013) and Kobbefjord (2014), Greenland, we measured the utilization of 14C-choline (precursor to glycine betaine, a common compatible solute) at −1°C upon salinity shifts to double and to half the starting salinity. In all cases and across a range of starting salinities, when salinity was increased, 14C-solute (choline or derivatives) was preferentially retained as an intracellular osmolyte; when salinity was decreased, 14C-choline was preferentially respired to 14CO2. Additional experiments with cold-adapted bacteria in culture indicated that an abrupt downshift in salinity prompted rapid (subsecond) expulsion of retained 14C-solute, but that uptake of 14C-choline and solute retention resumed when salinity was returned to starting value. Overall, the results indicate that bacteria in sea-ice brines use compatible solutes for osmoprotection, transporting, storing and cycling these molecules as needed to withstand naturally occurring salinity shifts and persist through the seasons. Because choline and many commonly used compatible solutes contain nitrogen, we suggest that when brines freshen and bacteria respire such compatible solutes, the corresponding regeneration of ammonium may enhance specific biogeochemical processes in the ice, possibly algal productivity but particularly nitrification. Measurements of potential nitrification rates in parallel sea-ice samples are consistent with a link between use of the compatible solute strategy and nitrification.
Análisis jerárquico de la intensidad de cambio de cobertura/uso de suelo y deforestación (2000-2008) en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán, México
Authors: Farfán Gutiérrez Michelle , Rodríguez Tapia Gerardo , Mas Jean-François 
Published: August 2016

<p>El análisis jerárquico de intensidad de cambio de cobertura/uso de suelo es un marco cuantitativo de análisis espacial anidado que permite estimar los cambios en tres niveles de orden, intervalo de tiempo, categoría y transición, a partir de una matriz de cambio. Presentamos su aplicación para dos periodos de tiempo 2000-2004 y 2004-2008 en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán, área de estudio altamente heterogénea en términos de los tipos de vegetación y usos del suelo. Se usó cartografía del INEGI a escala 1:50 000 actualizada mediante una imagen Landsat ETM+ del 2000 e imágenes SPOT para 2004 y 2008. El análisis permitió conocer en qué intervalo de tiempo la tasa anual general de cambio es más rápida, cuáles son las categorías más activas y cuáles son latentes; cuáles son las categorías objetivo para las transiciones activas, y si el patrón de cambio es estable en el tiempo. Se observó una mayor tasa anual de cambio entre 2000 y 2004 en comparación con el periodo 2004-2008. A nivel de categorías, se encontraron altas tasas de deforestación de las selvas tropicales hacia usos agropecuarios, y latencia en bosques templados con baja intensidad de transición hacia usos agropecuarios. En particular la actividad ganadera arraigada en la región aparece como factor promotor del proceso de deforestación, que en la praxis sobre el terreno se expresa diferencialmente en selvas y bosques.</p>
ESTUDIO DE LOS ANILLOS DE CRECIMIENTO DE Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Briceño Ana Maria , Rangel-Ch Jesús Orlando , Bogino Stella Marys 
Published: August 2016

<p><em>Cordia alliodora</em> tiene un alto valor ecológico y económico en la formación de bosque seco tropical de Colombia. En este estudio se documentó la relación entre el monto de precipitación anual, temperatura media anual y el índice de oscilación del sur (SOI) con los anillos anuales de crecimiento de 28 individuos de <em>C. alliodora</em> con base en la aplicación de la metodología dendrocronológica estándar. <em>C. alliodora </em>registró anillos anuales de crecimiento demarcados por la porosidad semicircular y el parénquima terminal. La cronología construida cubrió un período de 70 años (1944-2013). El crecimiento radial de <em>C. alliodora</em>, representado a través de la función matemática de Gompertz, estuvo influenciado positivamente por el monto de precipitación anual y negativamente por la temperatura media anual. No se encontró influencia de los años con la presencia del fenómeno de El Niño (años secos). La cronología residual (1946-2013) mostró un ciclo de activación del crecimiento de 3.3 años vinculados al monto de precipitación anual y a la temperatura media anual. Los resultados sobre el índice de crecimiento muestran que <em>C. alliodora</em> alcanzaría el máximo crecimiento diamétrico a los 65 años con 205.5 cm. <em></em></p>