bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
دور الجمعيات المهنية في تحسين جودة المهنة: جمعية المكتبات المتخصصة- فرع الخليج العربي أنموذجا
Authors: بنت عبدالله بن محمد البراشدية خالصة 
Published: April 2017

تعد الجمعيات المهنية المتحدث الرسمي باسم العاملين في هذا المجال والمعبر عن أفكارهم وطموحاتهم، كما تعتبر بعض هذه الجمعيات المعبر عن اتجاهات الحكومة تجاه المجال أيضا. وتسعى هذه الجمعيات لاستكمال دور المؤسسات الحكومية الرسمية المهتمة بالمجال والتي لا تستطيع بمفردها إنجاز كافة تطلعات المنتمين للمهنة وتعمل بالتالي على تفعيل حركة المجتمع في هذا الاتجاه. ومن الجدير بالملاحظة في أهداف جمعيات المكتبات والمعلومات في العالم تجانسا كبيرا مع أن بعضها يفصلها تفصيلا واضحا، إلا أنه يمكن تلخيص الأهداف العامة في هدفين: أولهما تطوير وتحسين المكتبات وخدماتها. وثانيهما تعميق موقع وتأثير مهنة المكتبات بمجتمع المعرفة (بيزان،2013).تأسست جمعية المكتبات المتخصصة في العام 1909 ميلادية وتم إنشاء المكتب الرئيسي في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. وتهتم هذه المنظمة بتطوير وتنمية قدرات أخصائي المعلومات وشركائهم الاستراتيجيين.تقوم الجمعية بخدمة 9000 عضو من 75 دولة, حيث تقوم بدعم وتعزيز أعضاءها من خلال التعلم، والتحفيز ومبادرات التواصل فيما بينهم. أعضاء جمعية المكتبات المتخصصة هم من المهنيين الذين يعملون في الشركات الاقتصادية وشركات القطاع الخاص والدوائر الحكومية والمراكز العلمية والمعاهد والمتاحف.وتكمن مهمة جمعية المكتبات المتخصصة في تطوير مفهوم القيادة المهنية للمتخصصين في المكتبات المتخصصة ومراكز المعلومات بما في ذلك تشكيل السياسات التي تساهم في تطوير المؤسسات التي نتبع لها.يعقد فرع الخليج العربي مؤتمره السنوي في واحدة من دول الخليج العربي حيث يقوم الأعضاء المهنيين للفرع بإدارته والإشراف على برامجه. يقوم الفرع بإصدار نشرة ربع سنوية لتوزيعها على الأعضاء، وينظم مجموعة من ورش العمل المتخصصة خلال العام, بالإضافة إلى المعرض المصاحب في مؤتمرها السنوي والذي عادة يسلط الضوء على أحدث التقنيات الفنية المستخدمة في مجال المكتبات ومراكز المعلومات. (http://www.slaagc2017.org/).وتلعب جمعية المكتبات المتخصصة دورًا رئيسا في الارتقاء بمهنة المكتبات والمعلومات، وجعلها في مصاف الدول المتقدمة في المجال، حيث تقوم الجمعية بالعديد من الأنشطة والفعاليات الإقليمية والعالمية.وستركز الدراسة على دور جمعية المكتبات المتخصصة في تحسين جودة مهنة المكتبات والمعلومات من خلال اجراء دراسة حالة على جمعية المكتبات- فرع الخليج العربي للوقوف على دور الجمعية في تعزيز المهنة.اعتمدت الدراسة منهج دراسة الحالة إضافة إلى أسلوب تحليل الوثائق أداة للدراسة وذلك لملاءمته مع طبيعة وأهداف الدراسة، حيث تم الوقوف على فعاليات ومناشط الجمعية. وذلك لمعرفة دور الجمعية في تحسين جودة المهنة من خلال الممارسات المختلفة لتنفيذ هذا الدور. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج من أهمها: تمارس جمعية المكتبات المتخصصة- فرع الخليج العربي دورٍا إيجابيًا في تحسين جودة المهنة من خلال المؤتمرات والمعارض التي تقوم بها سنويا.ساهم موقع الجمعية المنظم والذي يتم تحديثه باستمرار على ابقاء أخصائي المعلومات على اطلاع دائم بأحدث ما نشر في التخصص، مما يعطي مؤشر لدور جمعية المكتبات المتخصصة الفاعل في تحسين جودة المهنة.
وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من التوصيات، أهمها: أن تعمل جمعية المكتبات المتخصصة- فرع الخليج العربي على إقامة مؤتمر دولي على مستوى الدول العربية والعالمية.أن تنشر الجمعية أفضل الأوراق العلمية المقدمة للمؤتمر في عدد خاص بالمؤتمر ككتاب علمي للمؤتمر.
أمن المعلومات بالمكتبات الجامعية السودانية بالإشارة إلى مكتبتي جامعة النيلين وجامعة وادي النيل
Authors: الشيخ مصطفي البكري يوسف علي 
Published: April 2017

هو العلم الذي يبحث في نظريات واستراتيجيات توفير الحماية للمعلومات من المخاطر التي تهددها ومن أنشطة الاعتداء عليها ومن زاوية تقنية هو الوسائل والأدوات والإجراءات اللازم توفيرها لضمان حماية المعلومات من الأخطار الداخلية والخارجية ومن زاوية قانونية فان امن المعلومات هو محل دراسات وتدابير حماية سرية وسلامة محتوي وتوفر المعلومات ومكافحة أنشطة الاعتداء عليها واستغلال نظمها في ارتكاب الجريمة (جرائم الكمبيوتر والأنترنت.ان اغراض ابحاث واستراتيجيات ووسائل أمن المعلومات –سواء من الناحية التقنية او الادائية – وآذ اهدف التدابير التشريعية في هذا الحقل،ضمان توفر العناصر التالية لأية معلومات يراد توفير الحماية الكافية لها:-CONFIDENTIALITY:√السرية أو الموثوقيةوتعني التأكد من ان المعلومات لا تكشف ولا يطلع عليها اشخاص غير مخولين بذلكتطال المخاطر الاجهزة والبرامج المعطيات الاتصالات التي تسير المكتبات الجامعية عموما لا بد من اجراءات تحفظ حق المكتبات الجامعية معلوماتها.تكمن مشكلة الدراسة في ان المكتبات الجامعية تعاني في اتجاه امن المعلومات كثيرا اذ يتم اختراق مواقع الجامعات والمكتبات بسهولة وتخريبها وتدميرها فلا بد من تأمين هذه المواقع تأميناً جيدا.تنبع اهمية الدراسة من اهمية سرية المعلومة نفسها بالنسبة للمكتبات الجامعية التي يرتادها طلاب الجامعات.وتهدف الدراسة الي التعرف علي مخاطر عدم تأمين المعلومات وكيفية تأمينها جيدا بالنسبة للمكتبات الجامعية.استخدم الباحث المنهج التاريخي من خلال الاطلاع على الأدبيات المنشورة والمتعلقة بالموضوع قيد الدراسة واداة الملاحظة للمكتبات الجامعية بالسودان
Historical Development of the Marine Industry
Authors: Jones Barbara E. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Man has a long‐standing relationship with the sea, born from a need to move from place to place, trade or discover new lands. This relationship has meant that continuous developments have taken place in naval architecture and propulsion development. The development of the ship and marine engineering has seen changes from the earliest oar‐powered galleys, through the fast sailing ships that could sail as swiftly and as far as our ships of today. The marine engineer developed the steam engine and the marine diesel and with that, shrank our world. The naval architect has designed some of the most beautiful of ships as well as those that lack beauty and have but one purpose, to carry the cargo as economically and safely as possible, to any part of the globe.
Plain Bearings in Marine Applications
Authors: Pal Madan , Kerr Ian , Harrison John 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPlain bearings are used in reciprocating and rotating machines to transmit loads through the engine structure, permitting conversion and transfer of motion/power. Internal combustion engines are extensively used in marine propulsion systems and utilize plain bearings as main bearings to retain the crankshaft within the engine crankcase, big‐end bearings to link the connecting rod to the crank pin, and small‐end bushes to link the piston to the connecting rod. The power from the engine is transmitted to the ship propeller via a propeller shaft that is supported by a plain bearing bush commonly known as thestern tube bearing. Plain bearings rely on a complex tribological system, and safe operation of these critical components depends on factors such as physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of the housing, journal, and bearing; tribological properties of the lubricating oil; and the operating parameters of the engine. If something goes wrong within the engine, for example, deterioration of the lubrication system, the bearings will absorb the damage and reduce the risk of the damage to other critical and expensive engine components such as the crankshaft. Plain bearings are designed to be a modular component, so it is possible to replace or upgrade plain bearings if damage is noticed during regular service intervals.This article is a brief overview of bearing construction, operation, possible causes of bearing damage, bearing materials, and current development trends in bearing technology. The article is concluded with some tribological results of a new lead‐free multilayer tin–copper overlay material developed specifically for marine engines.
Reliability and Code Calibration
Authors: Hørte Torfinn , Hovem Liv , Mathisen Jan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe structural reliability of a ship is basically ensured by compliance with a design code. A systematic process for the development of such a code is described. All potential hazards that a ship may encounter during its lifetime need consideration. Relevant hazards with respect to strength requirements can be defined by a set of load scenarios that may occur when the ship is operating. The load scenarios may then be split into a manageable number of different load cases.Code strength criteria are typically specified as design equations or inequalities which require the capacity to be equal or greater than the load. A design equation includes characteristic load effects, representative of the load combination under consideration, and a characteristic capacity, relevant for the failure mode under consideration. Furthermore, one or more safety factors or utilization factors are included, with magnitudes that should ensure an appropriate reliability level. The required reliability level depends on the consequences of failure, and is based on a risk evaluation, which also takes account of service experience.Structural reliability analysis (SRA) is a suitable tool for the development of structural codes. Uncertainties in input and methodology are accounted for by random variables, and the failure probability is calculated. The SRA of the hull‐girder ultimate strength criterion is described in detail for tankers. This is the most critical failure mode for a ship. It is shown how the definitions of characteristic values and the magnitudes of partial safety factors can be adjusted to optimize the code for a target‐reliability level. This calibration was carried out during the development of the International Association of Classification Societies' (IACS) common structural rules for tankers.
Port State Control
Authors: Snijders Ivo , Schiferli Richard 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Port state control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in other national ports by PSC officers for the purpose of verifying that the competency of the master and officers on board, and the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with the requirements of international conventions and that the vessel is manned and operated in compliance with applicable international law.
Sea Loads
Authors: Guedes Soares Carlos 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAn overview is presented of the two main components of sea loads in floaters, namely the still‐water loads and the wave‐induced loads. A detailed account is given of the way in which buoyancy acts on bodies and how the equilibrium position of floaters is determined from the conditions of equilibrium of forces and moments. The special case of ship‐shaped floaters is referred and the random nature of still‐water loads at any point in the lifetime of ships is presented. The stochastic formulation of free surface waves is summarized and the most common spectral models that describe sea waves are referred. The probability distributions that can be derived from the spectral models are described noticing that the same distributions can be used for linear responses. The main assumptions associated with various ship motion theories are listed and it is indicated how they can be used to obtain the transfer functions of ship motions to use in spectral formulations. Finally, long‐term distributions are refereed as tools to obtain fatigue and extreme loads, which are reflected in Rules of Classification Societies.
Structure‐Borne Noise Transmission in Ships
Authors: Nilsson Anders 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Noise in accommodation spaces on ships is primarily determined by structure‐borne sound induced by the main noise sources. The energy flow from the sources to the receiver is mainly caused by bending waves propagating in the plate elements between the parallel frames. This has been verified by model‐ and full‐scale measurements. Damping layers applied to the plate elements in the transmission paths between the source and the receiver are generally rather inefficient for reducing noise. The modification of coupling between the adjoining plate elements can effectively reduce the energy flow in a ship structure.
The resilient mounting of the main and auxiliary engines and other vibratory sources effectively reduces the energy flow to and noise levels in the accommodation spaces. A successful resilient mounting requires soft mounts and stiff foundations. The stiffness of the mounts depends on, among other factors, frequency and static load.
For fast vessels, flow‐induced noise can be considerable. The noise is increasing exponentially as a function of the speed of the ship.
Potential Wave Theory, Instability of Wave Trains
Authors: Shrira Victor , Annenkov Sergei 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

This article provides a succinct overview of potential water waves and the water wave instabilities. Its aim is to provide both an easy‐to‐use reference and to show how the often used models and concepts give an insight into particular aspects of wave motions and, crucially, what assumptions are employed. Starting with the Euler equations, the potential theory of water waves is formulated along with the underlying assumptions. A very brief overview of existing numerical approaches of how to simulate the nonlinear potential Euler equations is provided. Linear theory of potential waves is given in more detail: the key concepts of dispersion relation, phase and group velocity, wave packets, wave energy and momentum, wave refraction, shoaling, and wave action conservation are introduced. Nonlinear effects are first discussed for steady waves (the Stokes waves), where they manifest in the change of wave shape and speed, and in a new phenomenon of
bound waves
. Then the
Benjamin–Feir instability
is explained within the framework of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Also on its basis, the
envelope soliton
is demonstrated. The second fundamental instability, the
crest instability
of steep waves leading to the crest overturning and breaking, is described very briefly. To complete the overview of the key nonlinear phenomena, basics of waves in shallow water, such as
solitary wave
, are considered within the framework of the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. A cursory exposition of wave resonant interactions for waters of arbitrary depth and the
Hasselmann
or the
kinetic
equation that describes spectral evolution of random wind wave fields and is the basis of all modern wave forecasting concludes the article.
Characteristics of Viscous, Rotational and Irrotational Flows
Authors: Funada Toshio 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
While it is customary to regard water motion within surface waves irrotational, and such approaches have been extremely successful across a great variety of application, the real water has viscosity, and hence its motion can be rotational. The paper is a review of theoretical setup and some of applications, including capillary effects, in situations when viscosity of the water cannot be neglected.
Turbulence
Authors: Shats Michael , Xia Hua 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTurbulence is a ubiquitous state for many flows in nature and engineering. As the flow velocity is increased, the nonlinear energy transfer generates fluid motion in a broad range of scales forming continuous wave number spectra of the kinetic energy. In isotropic homogeneous incompressible turbulence, energy flux is related to the third‐order velocity structure function via the Kolmogorov 4/5 law. In three‐dimensional turbulence, the energy is transferred from large to smaller scales in the process of the energy cascade. In two‐dimensional turbulence, energy is transferred from smaller to larger scales, the inverse energy cascade. Turbulence greatly increases the rate of mixing in fluids and dispersion. Transport of matter in turbulent flows requires Lagrangian description, in which the observer follows the fluid particles wherever they move. Here, we review the approaches to turbulence description in two and three dimensions.
Wave–Ice Interactions
Authors: Shen Hayley H. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
To guide proper navigation, engineering, and regulatory actions, it is necessary to understand wave–ice interactions. Seafarers have long known that ice fields provide safe barriers against storms due to their energy damping capability. However, long‐period swells may penetrate an ice cover over extensive distance. When coupled with warmer air temperature, waves may break ice covers. A broken ice field drifts and rafts. There is a large body of theoretical development of waves under ice covers, particularly in the recent couple of decades. On the other hand, the effect of waves on forming and reforming the ice cover is a much less‐studied topic. In the first half of this article, we review the basic theories of waves under ice covers to provide a foundation for those who desire to explore the recent developments. The effect of waves on ice is introduced in the second half of the article.
Optical Fiber Sensors for Marine Structural Condition Monitoring
Authors: Sun Tong , Grattan Kenneth T. V. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOptical fiber sensors have shown their importance and significant potential to monitor marine structural conditions in real‐time bettering performance with conventional techniques. This article discusses the design and implementation of a series of optical fiber sensors well suited for marine structural condition monitoring. This includes the development of a quasi‐distributed fiber Bragg grating‐based sensor system for monitoring vibration of marine propellers when they are excited, both in air and under water. The experimental data obtained have been cross‐compared with those from the theoretical modeling, which confirms very good agreement.This article also includes a discussion on the development and evaluation of a set of optical fiber corrosion sensors, that is, temperature/strain, humidity, pH, and chloride sensors, designed specifically for monitoring marine concrete structural degradation.
Warship Machinery Constraints
Authors: Bradbeer Nick , Greig Alistair 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The design of warship machinery is complex because unlike most merchant ships warships do not have a unique operating profile, while designed to meet specific wartime roles, they spend the vast majority of their lives performing a wide range of different tasks. As a consequence the propulsion plant must be able to operate efficiently and effectively over a wide range of speeds. This chapter describes some of the constraints encountered when designing the main machinery components of a typical surface warship and introduces the concept of Integrated Full Electric Propulsion. A second major difference between merchant ships and warships is that the latter are designed to absorb deliberate damage and still function. A brief account of some of the threats a warship is exposed to and their associated damage mechanism is followed by an analysis of various design approaches that can mitigate these threats to ensure a warship with a high survivability.
Ship Collision Risk
Authors: Sari Ali , Azimov Umid 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This document presents a methodology for the analysis of ship‐offshore structures interaction when the offshore structures are accidentally stricken by ships. The methodology outlines the state‐of‐the‐art approaches utilized in offshore industry to address the ship impact issue in design and assessment of offshore structures. Both frequency analysis and consequences analysis are explained in detail. The methodology is eventually supplemented by practical case studies in which advanced finite element modeling were employed to predict the response of offshore structures under ship impact.
SPAR
Authors: Shen Yijun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSpar platform is a type of offshore oil platform used to extract and process oil from the deep sea. Unlike other floating platforms that generally are rectangular in shape, the spar platform is cylindrically constructed. The large cylinder serves to stabilize the platform in the water and helps it to maintain its position while carrying out the necessary oil excavation operations.A spar platform consists of a large‐diameter single vertical cylinder supporting a deck, which forms the topside on the surface of the deck with drilling and production equipment. The cylinder does not extend all the way to the seafloor, but instead is tethered to the bottom by a series of cables and lines. It usually includes different risers for production, drilling, and export. The hull is moored using a taut catenary system of 6–20 lines anchored into the sea floor.Spar platform is one of the deepest drilling types of offshore rigs in use. SPAR's are presently used in water depths up to 1000 m, although existing technology can extend its use to water depths as great as 2500 m. Therefore, spar platforms are one of the most highly favored floating platforms in deepwater or ultradeepwater oil and gas production system.
Reassessment of Fixed Offshore Structures
Authors: Stewart Graham 
Published: April 2017

AbstractExisting offshore platforms are valuable assets for operators, and optimizing their useful life to maximize profitability is an ongoing challenge. Reassessment is required from time to time to ensure that the structures remain safe and reliable. This can be instigated for a variety of reasons such as increased topside or environmental loading or damage. Wave‐in‐deck loads resulting from rare events pose a particular concern. Nonlinear pushover models enable the full benefit of structural capacity to be realized, while structural reliability assessments allow risk‐based decisions to be made. This article reviews the present methodologies for nonlinear structural modeling, pushover assessments (including static, cyclic, and dynamic procedures), environmental statistics including wave‐in‐deck loading, and structural reliability assessments and provides a comment on some of the limitations and potential pitfalls of these.
Fatigue Life Extension
Authors: Lotsberg Inge 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFatigue life extension of offshore structures may be needed already at the design stage as well as for life extension of structures for purpose of extended use. At the design stage, one is in principle freer to select methodology for life improvement than after the structures have been installed, as at the design stage geometry modifications may still be possible. However, after fabrication, postimprovement methods are most often used. This includes grinding of hot spots with short calculated fatigue lives and also hammer peening has been used in some projects. This is further assessed in this article.
Remediation and Repair of Offshore Structures
Authors: Nichols Nigel W. , Khan Riaz 
Published: April 2017

AbstractStrengthening, modification, and repair (SMR) is an important aspect of offshore structural engineering to ensure fitness for purpose (FFP) and safe continuous operations can be maintained. SMR work can be extremely costly and complex and often requires specialist engineering skills to provide appropriate schemes for remediation. The SIM STRATEGY should also be aligned with operator's expectations of ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable) and FFP principles as developing the SMR scheme would be largely dependent to these corporate expectations. To provide good options for SMR schemes, it is important to address the applicability of each scheme in the operating region, where the scheme is to be deployed. It is also recommended that an SMR database be developed by each operator to catalogue past SMR scheme deployment, globally and regionally, to ensure that the lessons learnt are being addressed on future work.
Advanced Deepwater Drilling Topics
Authors: Akbari Babak 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article is an overview of important deepwater drilling challenges and potential promising technologies to address them. Dual gradient drilling is developed to solve the low fracture pressure challenge, and Reelwell drilling is recently introduced to eliminate riser and horizontal drilling operational envelope. Plugging and abandonment is an important part of well decommissioning, which is highly regulated and environmentally sensitive; its importance increases as the number of wells drilled increases. Other challenges such as platform positioning systems and hydrates formation are briefly discussed and a summary of a novel concept calledbuoyant wellheadis brought in at the end.