bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Word Meaning Induction From Minimal Exposure to Natural Text
Authors: Lazaridou Angeliki , Marelli Marco , Baroni Marco 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBy the time they reach early adulthood, English speakers are familiar with the meaning of thousands of words. In the last decades, computational simulations known as distributional semantic models (DSMs) have demonstrated that it is possible to induce word meaning representations solely from word co‐occurrence statistics extracted from a large amount of text. However, while these models learn in batch mode from large corpora, human word learning proceeds incrementally after minimal exposure to new words. In this study, we run a set of experiments investigating whether minimal distributional evidence from very short passages suffices to trigger successful word learning in subjects, testing their linguistic and visual intuitions about the concepts associated with new words. After confirming that subjects are indeed very efficient distributional learners even from small amounts of evidence, we test a DSM on the same multimodal task, finding that it behaves in a remarkable human‐like way. We conclude that DSMs provide a convincing computational account of word learning even at the early stages in which a word is first encountered, and the way they build meaning representations can offer new insights into human language acquisition.
The development of bodily self‐consciousness: changing responses to the Full Body Illusion in childhood
Authors: Cowie Dorothy , McKenna Aisling , Bremner Andrew J. , Aspell Jane E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe present work investigates the development of bodily self‐consciousness and its relation to multisensory bodily information, by measuring for the first time the development of responses to the full body illusion in childhood. We tested three age groups of children: 6‐ to 7‐year‐olds (n = 28); 8‐ to 9‐year‐olds (n = 21); 10‐ to 11‐year‐olds (n = 19), and a group of adults (n = 31). Each participant wore a head‐mounted display (HMD) which displayed a view from a video camera positioned 2 metres behind their own back. Thus, they could view a virtual body from behind. We manipulated visuo‐tactile synchrony by showing the participants a view of their virtual back being stroked with a stick at the same time and same place as their real back (synchronous condition), or at different times and places (asynchronous condition). After each period of stroking, we measured three aspects of bodily self‐consciousness: drift in perceived self‐location, self‐identification with the virtual body, and touch referral to the virtual body. Results show that self‐identification with the virtual body was significantly stronger in the synchronous condition than in the asynchronous condition even in the youngest group tested; however, the size of this effect increased with age. Touch referral to the virtual body was greater in the synchronous condition than in the asynchronous condition only for 10‐ to 11‐year‐olds and adults. Drift in perceived self‐location was greater in the synchronous condition than in the asynchronous condition only for adults. Thus, the youngest age tested can self‐identify with a virtual body, but the links between multisensory signals and bodily self‐consciousness develop significantly across childhood. This suggests a long period of development of the bodily self and exciting potential for the use of virtual reality technologies with children.
Dispersal of Eastern King Prawn larvae in a western boundary current: New insights from particle tracking
Authors: Everett Jason D. , van Sebille Erik , Taylor Matthew D. , Suthers Iain M. , Setio Christopher , Cetina‐Heredia Paulina , Smith James A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPatterns in larval transport of coastal species have important implications for species connectivity, conservation, and fisheries, especially in the vicinity of a strengthening boundary current. An Ocean General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator particle tracking model was used to assess the potential dispersal of Eastern King Prawn (EKP) larvae Melicertus (Penaeus) plebejus, an important commercial and recreational species in Eastern Australia. Particles were exposed to a constant natural mortality rate, and temperature‐dependent growth (degree‐days) was used to determine the time of settlement. Forward and backward simulations were used to identify the extent of larval dispersal from key source locations, and to determine the putative spawning regions for four settlement sites. The mean dispersal distance for larvae was extensive (~750–1,000 km before settlement), yet the northern spawning locations were unlikely to contribute larvae to the most southern extent of the EKP range. There was generally great offshore dispersal of larvae, with only 2%–5% of larvae on the continental shelf at the time of settlement. Our particle tracking results were combined with existing site‐specific reproductive potentials to identify the relative contributions of larvae from key source locations. Although mid‐latitude sites had only moderate reproductive potential, they delivered the most particles to the southern coast and are probably the most important sources of larval EKP for the two southern estuaries. Our modelling suggests that mesoscale oceanography is a strong determinant of recruitment success of the EKP, and highlights the importance of both larval dispersal and reproductive potential for understanding connectivity across a species’ range.
Predictors of pruritus in patients with chronic liver disease and usefulness of nalfurafine hydrochloride
Authors: Akuta Norio , Kumada Hiromitsu , Fujiyama Shunichiro , Kawamura Yusuke , Sezaki Hitomi , Hosaka Tetsuya , Kobayashi Masahiro , Kobayashi Mariko , Saitoh Satoshi , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Fumitaka , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji 
Published: March 2017

AimPruritus is one of the complications of chronic liver disease, and it is important to investigate the predictors.MethodsSix hundred and seventy‐three consecutive Japanese patients with chronic liver disease were retrospectively investigated for itch severity. Furthermore, 138 of all 673 patients were introduced to nalfurafine hydrochloride, and the improvement of itch severity was evaluated. The itch severity was self‐assessed using the pruritus scores by Kawashima's criteria and visual analog scale.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐nine of the 673 patients (34.0%) were evaluated as 1 point or more of pruritus severity of Kawashima's criteria, and 46 patients (6.8 %) as 3 points or more. Multivariate analysis established that being negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were significant determinants of pruritus (≥1 point of Kawashima's criteria), and being negative for HBsAg and having lower levels of platelet count were significant determinants of severe pruritus (≥3 points). Ninety‐three of the 138 patients (67.4%) with nalfurafine hydrochloride indicated improvement of itch, defined as a decrease in VAS of 50 mm or more. There were no significant differences in treatment efficacy of nalfurafine hydrochloride, regardless of the three predictors of pruritus (HBsAg, HCC and platelet count).ConclusionThe present retrospective study indicated the predictors for pruritus, based on the large number of patients with chronic liver disease. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that nalfurafine hydrochloride may be useful for pruritus, regardless of the predictors.
The Multilevel Nature of Customer Experience Research: An Integrative Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Kranzbühler Anne‐Madeleine , Kleijnen Mirella H.P. , Morgan Robert E. , Teerling Marije 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOver the last three decades, customer experience (CE) has developed from a burgeoning concept to a widely recognized phenomenon in terms of both research and practice. To account for the complexity of consumption decisions, the CE literature encompasses both the rational information processing approach to consumer decision‐making and the experiential approach, which includes emotions, feelings and sub‐consciousness. The authors classify and examine CE research on two levels. Studies on static CE analyze experiences during touchpoints at one point in time, while studies on dynamic CE assess how experiences evolve over time. Furthermore, both static and dynamic CE research take place from two distinct theoretical perspectives: the organization and the consumer. As both theoretical perspectives essentially deal with the same phenomenon – the organizational perspective with the creation of CEs and the consumer perspective with the perception of customer experiences – there is potential for a productive symbiosis between them. The authors propose that connecting insights from both perspectives can contribute to a better understanding of what constitutes a CE for consumers and how firms can effectively manage it. First, the authors discuss the development of CE and argue that it has evolved into a broad and fragmented ‘umbrella construct’. Second, after distinguishing and defining static and dynamic CE, they systematically evaluate the state of knowledge in both the organizational and consumer perspectives. Finally, they develop an agenda for future research that integrates the consumer perspective into organizational CE research.
Cultural mediation through vernacularization: framing rights claims through the day‐off campaign for migrant domestic workers in Singapore
Authors: Koh Chiu Yee , Wee Kellynn , Goh Charmian , Yeoh Brenda S.A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractScholarship on civil society in Singapore has tended to emphasize the structural and institutional constraints on civil society space. Conversely, little attention is paid to the broader cultural and discursive realms in which civil society and state actors operate. This article seeks to address this gap by analysing the day‐off campaign for migrant domestic workers in Singapore. We demonstrate that by employing the cultural mediation strategy of vernacularization, civil society was able to frame migrant rights claims in a manner that resonated with the institutional logics and cultural repertoire of Singapore society. Civil society actors gained headway by adapting the discourse on migrant rights to Singapore's socio‐cultural and political context in three ways: by reframing rights claims into a moral appeal; by appealing to the cost‐benefit logics of Singaporean employers of migrant domestic workers; and by situating the provision of migrant labour protections as a relative market position.
The management of discipline and grievances in British workplaces: the evidence from 2011 WERS
Authors: Wood Stephen , Saundry Richard , Latreille Paul 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study tests the assumptions and prescriptions of the Gibbons' Review of dispute resolution in the UK. Contrary to these, the formalisation of dispute resolution has continued and is not strongly related to the level of disputes or tribunal cases nor is the use of mediation which is complementing not replacing formalisation.
Option Implied Dividends Predict Dividend Cuts: Evidence from the Financial Crisis
Authors: Fodor Andy , Stowe David L. , Stowe John D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe employ the forward‐looking implied dividend information contained in option prices to predict dividend cuts and omissions during the recent financial crisis. The large number of dividend cuts and omissions during the 2008–09 financial crisis period provides the opportunity to study the predictability of dividend cuts in a controlled environment. Implied dividends and implied volatility, based on put–call parity and computed from put and call option prices, prove to be effective in predicting those cuts, especially compared to only using the equity market and accounting variables conventionally used for this purpose. Options‐derived variables (implied dividends and implied volatility) enhance the ability to identify firms more likely to reduce or omit dividend payments.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with fumaric acid esters treatment in psoriasis patients
Authors: Balak D.M.W. , Hajdarbegovic E. , Bramer W.M. , Neumann H.A.M. , Thio H.B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundFumaric acid esters (FAEs) are a systemic treatment for psoriasis considered to have a favourable long‐term safety profile without an increased risk for immunosuppression. However, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare, opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system, has been linked anecdotally to FAE treatment.ObjectiveTo assess clinical features and outcomes of FAE‐associated PML cases.MethodsSystematic literature search in multiple databases up to 25th February 2016 for reports of PML in psoriasis patients treated with FAEs.ResultsEight cases (four male, four female) of FAE‐associated PML were identified. Median age was 64 years (range 42–74 years); median FAE treatment duration was 3 years (range 1.5–5 years). Six patients were treated with a formulation containing dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and monoethyl fumarates, and two patients with a DMF formulation. Patients exhibited neurological symptoms, such as aphasia, hemiparesis and dysarthria. PML diagnosis was based on MRI findings and presence of JC virus in cerebrospinal fluid and/or brain tissue. All cases were linked to moderate‐to‐severe reductions in absolute lymphocyte counts, with nadirs ranging from 200 to 792 cells per mm3. Median exposure to lymphocytopenia was 2 years (range 1–5 years). In all cases, FAE treatment was discontinued; PML was treated with mefloquine plus mirtazapine. Three patients improved, two had stable disease, two had residual symptoms, and one patient died to an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.ConclusionProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is infrequently linked to FAE treatment, but underreporting cannot be excluded. Physicians treating patients with FAEs should be vigilant for the occurrence of PML, and both clinicians and patients should be alert for onset of new neurological symptoms. Periodic monitoring of lymphocyte counts and FAE discontinuation in case of moderate‐to‐severe lymphocytopenia is recommended to minimize the risk for PML.
Inflammatory Markers and Frailty in Long‐Term Care Residents
Authors: Langmann Gabrielle A. , Perera Subashan , Ferchak Mary A. , Nace David A. , Resnick Neil M. , Greenspan Susan L. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo determine whether proinflammatory biomarkers are associated with frailty assessed according to functional status, mobility, mental health, and falls over 24 months.DesignSecondary analysis of a 2‐year double‐blind clinical trial for osteoporosis.SettingNursing homes and assisted living facilities.ParticipantsWomen aged 65 and older with osteoporosis in long‐term care (LTC) (N = 178).MeasurementsBaseline serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and soluble receptors (high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and its two receptors (TNFα‐R1 and TNFα‐R2), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), soluble IL‐6 receptor (sIL‐6R), IL‐10), functional status assessed according to activities of daily living, the Nursing Home Physical Performance Test, gait speed, cognitive status, mental health, and falls.ResultsAt baseline, older age was moderately associated with higher serum concentrations of hs‐CRP (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.22), TNFα‐R1 (r = 0.36), TNFα‐R2 (r = 0.34), and IL‐10 (r = 0.16) (all P < .05). Frail participants had significantly higher hs‐CRP, TNFα‐R1, TNFα‐R2, IL‐6, and IL‐6‐sR levels (all P < .05) than those nonfrail participants. Higher baseline hs‐CRP and IL‐6 levels were associated with worse physical performance and gait speed at 12 months independent of age, zoledronic acid use, and comorbidity (|r| = 0.25–0.30; all P < .05). Inflammatory markers were not significantly associated with incident falls.ConclusionsHigher proinflammatory biomarker levels are associated with frailty and poorer function and mobility in older women residing in LTC facilities.
Structural architecture and low‐grade metamorphism of the Mikabu‐Northern Chichibu accretionary wedge, SW Japan
Authors: Endo S. , Wallis S. R. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTTo understand tectono‐metamorphic processes within or close to the brittle–ductile transition of quartz‐rich crustal rocks in an accretionary wedge, an integrated field, petrological, geochronological and Raman spectroscopic study was conducted on the Mikabu‐Northern Chichibu belt in SW Japan. Field mapping in central Shikoku reveals that the Northern Chichibu belt is comprised of a pile of four tectono‐stratigraphic units, referred to as A, B, C and D units. The A unit (dominated by pelagic sedimentary rocks) represents the structurally lowest and youngest accretionary complex that forms a composite unit with the Mikabu ophiolitic suite. The B unit (consisting of chert‐clastic rock sequences) overlies the A unit and is overlain by the C and D units (mudstone‐matrix mélange units). Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material constrains the peak temperature of each unit to be ~290°C for the A unit, 270–290°C for the B unit, 230–250°C for the C unit and ~220°C for the D unit. Ductile deformation and pervasive metamorphism are limited to rocks in the Mikabu, A and B units. Alkali pyroxene and sodic amphibole occur in metabasite from the Mikabu, A and B units, and the widespread occurrence of prograde veins containing lawsonite+quartz pseudomorphs after laumontite was newly recognized from the C unit. Phase petrological data constrain the peak pressure of each unit to be ~0.65 GPa for the Mikabu‐A unit (aragonite stable), ~0.45–0.6 GPa for the B unit (jadeite+albite stable in the structurally lower part), and ~0.35 GPa for the C unit (prehnite+lawsonite stable). The peak metamorphic pressure increases towards structurally lower and younger accretionary complexes, but the thickness of the preserved strata is insufficient to account for the inferred pressure range. The structural–metamorphic relations imply thickening of the accretionary wedge by underplating was followed by a significant phase of thinning by both ductile and brittle processes.
Animal models for studying motor axon terminal paralysis and recovery
Authors: Rigoni Michela , Montecucco Cesare 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn extraordinary property of the peripheral nervous system is that nerve terminals can regenerate after damage caused by different physical, chemical, or biological pathogens. Regeneration is the result of a complex and ill‐known interplay among the nerve, the glia, the muscle, the basal lamina and, in some cases, the immune system. This phenomenon has been studied using different injury models mainly in rodents, particularly in mice, where a lesion can be produced in a chosen anatomical area. These approaches differ significantly among them for the nature of the lesion and the final outcomes. We have reviewed here the most common experimental models employed to induce motor axon injury, the relative advantages and drawbacks, and the principal read‐outs used to monitor the regenerative process. Recently introduced tools for inducing reversible damage to the motor axon terminal that overcome some of the drawbacks of the more classical approaches are also discussed. Animal models have provided precious information about the cellular components involved in the regenerative process and on its electrophysiological features. Methods and tools made available recently allow one to identify and study molecules that are involved in the crosstalk among the components of the endplate. The time‐course of the intercellular signaling and of the intracellular pathways activated will draw a picture of the entire process of regeneration as seen from a privileged anatomical site of observation.This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
image
FROM THE LAB TO THE FIELD: A REVIEW OF TAX EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Mascagni Giulia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTax experiments have been gaining momentum in recent years, although this literature dates back several decades. With new developments in methods and data availability, tax experiments have gradually moved away from lab settings and towards the field. This movement from the lab to the field has happened against the background of the ‘credibility revolution’ in applied economics, which has seen more rigorous methods applied to policy relevant questions, and of the availability to researchers of administrative data from tax returns. These developments have allowed significant advances in the experimental literature on tax compliance. This paper reviews this literature, giving particular attention to field experiments using administrative data, but putting them in the broader context of the compliance literature. A particular effort is made to take a global perspective, in a literature that is only recently seeing the emergence of evidence from Africa, Latin America and Asia.
LEADERSHIP IN CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: CONSEQUENCES AND INCENTIVES
Authors: Schwerhoff Gregor , Kornek Ulrike , Lessmann Kai , Pahle Michael 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInitiatives in favor of unilateral action on climate change are frequently challenged by concerns over free riding. Nevertheless, we observe an increasing number of unilateral efforts at different administrative levels and in different parts of the world. Previous academic literature described various individual mechanisms where emissions abroad may increase or decrease as a reaction to unilateral emission reductions. In this paper, we collect a comprehensive set of both positive and negative reactions and analyze them in stylized models. This allows us to identify the most important characteristics that determine the potential of a leader to boost mitigation efforts abroad. We find that this potential depends on (i) a strong ability to generate knowledge through leadership, (ii) a high degree of credibility in the international community, and (iii) a similar economic structure to the most important emitters. While most effects are difficult to quantify, this comprehensive assessment suggests that leakage effects resulting from unilateral mitigation may well be outweighed by positive reactions.
Systematic position of Oreosolen (tribe Scrophularieae, Scrophulariaceae) based on nuclear and plastid sequences
Authors: Chen Chuan , Cai Min‐Qi , Xu Bo , Jin Xin‐Jie , Wang Rui‐Hong , Li Pan , Zhao Yun‐Peng , Fu Cheng‐Xin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe genera Oreosolen and Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae) were assumed to be closely related due to the considerable similarity in morphology. Their sister relationship was even suggested in a few molecular phylogenetic studies. However, this proposed relationship is not so convincing due to insufficient sampling of Scrophularia. In this study, the systematic position of Oreosolen was reassessed based on more sampling of both taxa and molecular traits. A total of 104 accessions representing 89 taxa were sampled, including 87 (85 taxa) of Scrophularia, 14 (one taxon) of Oreosolen, and three outgroups. The phylogenetic relationships between Oreosolen and Scrophularia were inferred based on one nuclear (internal transcribed spacer) and three plastid (trnL‐F, psbA‐trnH, and trnQ‐rps16) DNA regions using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods. The results revealed that Oreosolen was nested within Scrophularia and thus its generic status was not supported. Its type species, Oreosolen wattii Hook. f., was then transferred to Scrophularia and a new combination (Scrophularia wattii (Hook. f.) P. Li) was proposed. Oreosolen and its sympatric ally, Phlomoides rotata (Benth. ex Hook. f.) Mathiesen (= Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth. ex Hook. f.) Kudô, Lamiaceae), might undergo convergent evolution of acaulescence and rosulate leaves driven by the harsh alpine environment.