bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal Trauma Resulting From Fatal Low (≤3 m) Free Falls: An Analysis of Fracture Patterns and Morphologies
Authors: Rowbotham Samantha K. , Blau Soren , Hislop‐Jambrich Jacqueline , Francis Victoria 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe skeletal trauma resulting from fatal low (≤3 m) free falls is poorly researched and understood by forensic practitioners. The aim of this study was to identify the types of skeletal trauma resulting from low falls through investigating fracture patterns and morphologies. Skeletal trauma was analyzed using full‐body postmortem computed tomography scans of 145 individuals who died from a low free fall. Trauma was then contextualized to the variables that influence how a person falls using multiple logistic regression. Results showed fracture patterning primarily involved the axial skeleton and that there were a number of patterns significantly associated with the height fallen, pre‐existing health conditions, and age. Analysis of fracture morphologies showed 108 possible fracture types, six of which were significantly associated with the height fallen. Understanding the skeletal trauma characteristic of low free falls will further inform anthropological interpretations of trauma in cases where a fall may be considered the possible mechanism.
Impact of tumour motion compensation and delineation methods on FDG PET‐based dose painting plan quality for NSCLC radiation therapy
Authors: Thomas Hannah Mary , Kinahan Paul E , Samuel James Jebaseelan E , Bowen Stephen R 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionTo quantitatively estimate the impact of different methods for both boost volume delineation and respiratory motion compensation of [18F] FDG PET/CT images on the fidelity of planned non‐uniform ‘dose painting’ plans to the prescribed boost dose distribution.MethodsSix locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were retrospectively reviewed. To assess the impact of respiratory motion, time‐averaged (3D AVG), respiratory phase‐gated (4D GATED) and motion‐encompassing (4D MIP) PET images were used. The boost volumes were defined using manual contour (MANUAL), fixed threshold (FIXED) and gradient search algorithm (GRADIENT). The dose painting prescription of 60 Gy base dose to the planning target volume and an integral dose of 14 Gy (total 74 Gy) was discretized into seven treatment planning substructures and linearly redistributed according to the relative SUV at every voxel in the boost volume. Fifty‐four dose painting plan combinations were generated and conformity was evaluated using quality index VQ0.95–1.05, which represents the sum of planned dose voxels within 5% deviation from the prescribed dose. Trends in plan quality and magnitude of achievable dose escalation were recorded.ResultsDifferent segmentation techniques produced statistically significant variations in maximum planned dose (P < 0.02), as well as plan quality between segmentation methods for 4D GATED and 4D MIP PET images (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences in plan quality and maximum dose were observed between motion‐compensated PET‐based plans (P > 0.75). Low variability in plan quality was observed for FIXED threshold plans, while MANUAL and GRADIENT plans achieved higher dose with lower plan quality indices.ConclusionsThe dose painting plans were more sensitive to segmentation of boost volumes than PET motion compensation in this study sample. Careful consideration of boost target delineation and motion compensation strategies should guide the design of NSCLC dose painting trials.
Outsourcing the Fight against Corruption: Lessons from the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala
Authors: Krylova Yulia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe article is devoted to an analysis of the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) that was established in 2006 to fight against clandestine criminal structures and illegal security groups in this country. Over the last decade, CICIG has achieved numerous victories in prosecuting corrupt politicians, businessmen, judges, and law enforcement officers, as well as in reforming legal and judicial institutions in Guatemala. CICIG represents an experimental approach to the fight against impunity and corruption in weak and failed states, with the aid of international anti‐corruption and law enforcement experts. Since this experience is very useful for other countries, the article takes a comprehensive look at the lessons they can learn from Guatemala's case. CICIG serves as a good example of new anti‐corruption tools and innovative agreements created under the aegis of the United Nations. The article argues that CICIG's expansion to other countries could constitute a new chapter in the global fight against corruption.
Assessment of tomato potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) food plant range by comparing feeding behaviour to survival of early life stages
Authors: Sandanayaka Manoharie , Connolly Patrick G , Withers Toni M 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe tomato potato psyllid (TPP, Bactericera cockerelli) is an important vector of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum. TPP is a phloem sap feeder, with an extensive host plant range. Measuring host plant feeding via electrical penetration graph (EPG) is a potentially less time‐consuming method compared with traditional ways of assessing the host range of sap‐feeding insects through feeding bioassays. Feeding behaviour of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum‐positive adult TPP was measured using EPG technique on seven plant species: capsicum, eggplant, Cape gooseberry, poroporo, black nightshade (all Solanaceae), kumara (Convolvulaceae) and coprosma (Rubiaceae). Coprosma was used as a plant species of unknown host status. EPG data were analysed for three recording durations (5, 10 and 15 h). Data recorded for 10 h provided the most accurate prediction of subsequent feeding behaviour, allowing discrimination between host plants which could support feeding by TPP and non‐host plants that could not. EPG feeding behaviour was then contrasted with the survival of early life stages of TPP on four of the seven plant species under a choice situation on whole plants. The one discrepancy between the two methods for separating host from non‐host plants was with Cape gooseberry. EPG suggested that Cape gooseberry was as acceptable for feeding by TPP as capsicum, but whole‐plant assays showed survival of early nymph stages on Cape gooseberry was poor. EPG has merit as a tool for rapid assessment of plants at risk of feeding damage from a phloem sap feeder. However, a degree of experience is required to operate this technology successfully and to interpret the output data. The wire attachment on the insects may have a negative influence on initial plant contact. Therefore, a long recording time around 10 h may be required to offset this limitation.
Analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates, biological water quality and conservation value of a tropical river and UNESCO‐protected environment
Authors: Akindele Emmanuel O. , Adeniyi Akinkunle V. , Oyeku Oyeshina G. , Adu Babasola W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDespite the growing awareness in freshwater conservation, and the sociocultural significance of the Osun River in the designation of the Osun‐Osogbo Sacred Grove as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, there is dearth of information on the biological water quality and conservation value of the river. In this study, the conservation value and biological water quality of the river which defines a UNESCO protected environment are assessed. Benthic macroinvertebrates and physicochemical water condition were studied quarterly from June 2015 to March 2016. The river's naturalness was also measured based on habitat alteration, land use and hydrological modifications. A total of 27 macroinvertebrate taxa were recorded, and the fauna was dominated by the Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Trichoptera (EOT) group. Taxa richness and/or abundance of macroinvertebrates showed a significant inverse response to vegetation removal, farming, total suspended solids, flow velocity, nitrate and phosphate. There is a notable occurrence of Margaritifera margaritifera which is considered a flagship and umbrella species in the river. This study further reveals the natural property of the sacred grove in addition to its cultural property as a WHS; hence, it may be re‐considered as a WHS based on mixed properties.
Serial lipase for pancreatitis: not enough evidence
Authors: Pathmarajah Tishanthan , Idrees Marwan , Nasim Sana , Weber Dieter G. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundLipase is both a sensitive and specific marker for diagnosing pancreatitis. However, the benefit of serial lipase in both monitoring and defining prognosis remains undetermined. This systematic review was conducted to further evaluate this potential application. In addition, this review also looked into the benefits of serial lipase in the subgroup of traumatic pancreatitis.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were systematically searched for related articles, between January 1995 and December 2015, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses standards. Data was extracted and analysed by two authors.ResultsSeven studies were included in the final analysis: six retrospective and one prospective studies were identified. Five studies (all retrospective) concluded no benefits in serial lipase for prognostication, while two studies identified serial lipase as a beneficial prognostic factor for acute pancreatitis. Of the included studies, only two involved traumatic pancreatitis (both dedicated to the paediatric population).ConclusionThe evidence supporting or opposing serial lipase as a prognostic factor for pancreatitis is weak and consists mainly of retrospective analyses. The only prospective data identified suggested benefits to serial lipase in prognosis. Further prospective studies evaluating the prognostic value of serial lipase in the adult population with both traumatic and non‐traumatic pancreatitis are required given the paucity of available evidence.
Generating Confusion, Concern, and Precarity through the Right to Rent Scheme in Scotland
Authors: Leahy Sharon , McKee Kim , Crawford Joe 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Immigration Act 2016 has heralded an era of amplified Government intervention into day‐to‐day life, placing increased responsibility for border protection on UK citizens. Using interviews with representatives from the field of housing in Scotland, this paper examines one specific aspect of the Immigration Act 2016, the Right to Rent scheme. We investigate how the Right to Rent creates a precarious environment for all those who may appear to be non‐UK citizens. We argue that it may endorse senses of fantasy citizenship to inculcate people into acting on behalf of the state and is a driver for further division in society. Scotland provides a particularly interesting case study, as housing is a devolved power, but immigration is not. This creates an additional layer of tension in our interview data, as housing organisations are faced with a set of conditions imposed from Westminster, infringing on a field that Scotland has self‐determined for some time. Our interviews illustrate the level of confusion around the scheme, the fact that it is increasing criminalisation in the housing sector, and stresses that the scheme is offloading state responsibility for border protection.
Effects of applying universal fetal growth standards in a Scandinavian multi‐ethnic population
Authors: Sletner Line , Kiserud Torvid , Vangen Siri , Nakstad Britt , Jenum Anne K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe question of whether universal growth charts can be used in multi‐ethnic settings is of general interest. The Intergrowth‐21st fetal growth and newborn size standards are suggested to represent optimal fetal growth regardless of country origin. Our aim was to examine whether women fulfilling the strict Intergrowth‐21st inclusion criteria were healthier, showed less ethnic differences in fetal growth and newborn size, and less adverse perinatal outcomes.Material and methodsData were drawn from a population‐based multi‐ethnic cohort of 823 presumably healthy pregnant women in Oslo, Norway. We assessed differences in fetal and neonatal gestational age specific z‐scores and compared maternal health parameters, pregnancy and birth complications between pregnancies fulfilling and not fulfilling the Intergrowth‐21st criteria.ResultsOnly 21% of pregnancies enrolled in our cohort fulfilled the Intergrowth‐21st criteria. Fetal growth deviated substantially from the new standards, in particular for ethnic Europeans. Ethnic differences persisted in pregnancies fulfilling the criteria. In South Asian fetuses, estimated fetal weight was −0.60 SD (95% confidence interval −1.00, −0.20) lower at 24 gestational weeks, and birthweight was −0.62 SD (−0.95, −0.29) lower, compared with ethnic Europeans. Corresponding numbers for Middle‐East/North Africans were −0.13 (−0.62, 0.36) and −0.60 (−1.00, −0.20). Maternal health indicators and birth complications were similar in women fulfilling and not fulfilling the criteria, but the relation depended on ethnic origin.ConclusionsIn an urban multi‐ethnic Norwegian population, applying an extensive list of criteria to define “healthy” pregnancies excludes the majority of women but does not cancel ethnic differences in fetal growth.
Multicenter Experience With Mechanical Circulatory Support Using a New Diagonal Pump in 233 Children
Authors: Stiller Brigitte , Houmes Robert Jan , Rüffer André , Kumpf Matthias , Müller Andreas , Kipfmüller Florian , Köditz Harald , Herber Jonat Susanne , Schmoor Claudia , Benk Christoph , Tibboel Dick , Fleck Thilo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTechnological innovations in pediatric extracorporeal life support circuits can reduce system‐related complications and may improve patients' outcome. The Deltastream DP3 (Medos Medizintechnik AG, Stolberg, Germany) is a novel rotational pump with a diagonally streamed impeller that can be used over a broad range of flows. We collected patient data from seven pediatric centers to conduct a retrospective cohort study. We examined 233 patients whose median age was 1.9 (0–201) months. The DP3 system was used for cardiopulmonary support as veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in 162 patients. Respiratory support via veno‐venous ECMO was provided in 63 patients. The pump was used as a ventricular assist device in eight patients. Median supporting time was 5.5 (0.2–69) days and the weaning rate was 72.5%. The discharge home rate was 62% in the pulmonary group versus 55% in the cardiac group. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation was carried out in 24 patients (10%) with a survival to discharge of rate of 37.5%. About 106 (47%) children experienced no complications, while 33% suffered bleeding requiring blood transfusion or surgical intervention. Three patients suffered a fatal cerebral event. Renal replacement therapy was performed in 28% and pump or oxygenator exchange in 26%. Multivariable analysis identified system exchange (OR 1.94), kidney failure (OR 3.43), and complications on support (OR 2.56) as risk factors for dismal outcome. This novel diagonal pump has demonstrated its efficacy in all kinds of mechanical circulatory and respiratory support, revealing good survival rates.
Exposure to human voices has beneficial effects on preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Saliba Sahar , Esseily Rana , Filippa Manuela , Kuhn Pierre , Gratier Maya 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe reviewed the literature up to March 2016 on the effects of nonmaternal voices on preterm infants’ clinical outcomes. Of the 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 10 focused on short‐term outcomes and one looked at long‐term effects. The studies mainly showed that vocal stimuli increased preterm infants’ stability in terms of heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and behavioural measures. Improvements in feeding skills were also reported. The methods and the measures used in the studies were heterogeneous, making it difficult to draw reliable conclusions.ConclusionVocal stimuli increased preterm infants’ stability, but further studies are needed.
Drug burden index to define the burden of medicines in older adults with intellectual disabilities: An observational cross‐sectional study
Authors: O'Connell Juliette , Burke Éilish , Mulryan Niamh , O'Dwyer Claire , Donegan Clare , McCallion Philip , McCarron Mary , Henman Martin C. , O'Dwyer Máire 
Published: November 2017

AimsThe drug burden index (DBI) is a dose‐related measure of anticholinergic and sedative drug exposure. This cross‐sectional study described DBI in older adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and the most frequently reported therapeutic classes contributing to DBI and examined associations between higher DBI scores and potential adverse effects as well as physical function.MethodsThis study analysed data from Wave 2 (2013/2014) of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS‐TILDA), a representative study on the ageing of people with ID in Ireland. Self‐ and objectively‐reported data were collected on medication use and physical health, including health conditions. The Barthel index was the physical function measure.ResultsThe study examined 677 individuals with ID, of whom 644 (95.1%) reported taking medication and 78.6% (n = 532) were exposed to medication with anticholinergic and/or sedative activity. 54.2% (n = 367) were exposed to high DBI score (≥1). Adjusted multivariate regression analysis revealed no significant association between DBI score and daytime dozing, constipation or falls. After adjusting for confounders (sex, age, level of ID, comorbidities, behaviours that challenge, history of falls), DBI was associated with significantly higher dependence in the Barthel index (P = 0.002).ConclusionsThis is the first time DBI has been described in older adults with ID. Scores were much higher than those observed in the general population and higher scores were associated with higher dependence in Barthel index activities of daily living.
Outcome of relapse after allogeneic HSCT in children with ALL enrolled in the ALL‐SCT 2003/2007 trial
Authors: Kuhlen Michaela , Willasch Andre M. , Dalle Jean‐Hugues , Wachowiak Jacek , Yaniv Isaac , Ifversen Marianne , Sedlacek Petr , Guengoer Tayfun , Lang Peter , Bader Peter , Sufliarska Sabina , Balduzzi Adriana , Strahm Brigitte , von Luettichau Irene , Hoell Jessica I. , Borkhardt Arndt , Klingebiel Thomas , Schrappe Martin , von Stackelberg Arend , Glogova Evgenia , Poetschger Ulrike , Meisel Roland , Peters Christina 
Published: November 2017

SummaryRelapse remains the major cause of treatment failure in children with high‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (allo‐SCT). Prognosis is considered dismal but data on risk factors and outcome are lacking from prospective studies. We analysed 242 children with recurrence of ALL after first allo‐SCT enrolled in the Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Munster (BFM) ALL‐SCT‐BFM 2003 and ALL‐SCT‐BFM international 2007 studies. Median time from allo‐SCT to relapse was 7·7 months; median follow‐up from relapse after allo‐SCT until last follow‐up was 3·4 years. The 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) was 15% and overall survival (OS) was 20%. The main cause of death was disease progression or relapse (86·5%). The majority of children (48%) received salvage therapy without second allo‐SCT, 26% of the children underwent a second allo‐SCT and 25% received palliative treatment only. In multivariate analyses, age, site of relapse, time to relapse and type of salvage therapy were identified as significant prognostic factors for OS and EFS, whereas factors associated with first SCT were not statistically significant. Combined approaches incorporating novel immunotherapeutic treatment options and second allo‐SCT hold promise to improve outcome in children with post allo‐SCT relapse.
Bendamustine, bortezomib and rituximab produces durable complete remissions in patients with previously untreated, low grade lymphoma
Authors: Flinn Ian W. , Thompson Dana S. , Boccia Ralph V. , Miletello Gerald , Lipman Andrew , Flora Douglas , Cuevas Daniel , Papish Steven W. , Berdeja Jesus G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis Phase II trial evaluated the efficacy of bendamustine, bortezomib and rituximab in patients with previously untreated low‐grade lymphoma. Eligible patients had low grade lymphoma with no previous systemic disease treatment. Treatment for all patients was given in 28‐day cycles for a maximum of 6 cycles. Patients received rituximab 375 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on days 1, 8 and 15 of cycle 1 and day 1 of cycles 2–6; bendamustine 90 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 2; and bortezomib 1·6 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 8 and 15. Patients were permitted to begin maintenance treatment with rituximab 6 months after completion of study treatment and after 6‐month follow‐up assessments had been conducted. Fifty‐four eligible patients were enrolled. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were leucopenia (28%), neutropenia (30%) and lymphopenia (17%). There were no treatment‐related deaths and 1 unrelated death on study (embolic stroke). The overall response rate was 94% for all patients. The median follow‐up was 54 months. Kaplan–Meier estimates of progression‐free survival and overall survival at 36 months were 75% and 88%, respectively. The treatment regimen was well tolerated and produced high response rates. Further study of this regimen in patients with previously untreated lymphoma is warranted.
Characterization of Ras k 1 a novel major allergen in Indian mackerel and identification of parvalbumin as the major fish allergen in 33 Asia‐Pacific fish species
Authors: Ruethers T. , Raith M. , Sharp M. F. , Koeberl M. , Stephen J. N. , Nugraha R. , Le T. T. K. , Quirce S. , Nguyen H. X. M. , Kamath S. D. , Mehr S. S. , Campbell D. E. , Bridges C. R. , Taki A. C. , Swoboda I. , Lopata A. L. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundFish is a well‐recognized cause of food allergy and anaphylaxis. The evolutionary and taxonomic diversity of the various consumed fish species pose a challenge in the identification and characterization of the major fish allergens critical for reliable diagnostics. Globally, fish is a rising cause of food allergy complicated by a large under‐investigated variety of species as well as increasing global tourism and trade. This is the first comprehensive study on allergen profiles of heat‐processed fish from Vietnam.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the major heat‐stable allergens from frequently exported Asia‐Pacific freshwater and marine fish and to characterize the major allergen parvalbumin (PV) from one of the most consumed and exported fish species from Asia, the Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta).MethodsHeated protein extracts from 33 fish species were separated by gel electrophoresis. PV isoforms were identified by immunoblotting utilizing 3 different PV‐specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and further characterized by mass spectrometry. IgE reactivity was investigated using sera from 21 patients with confirmed fish allergy.ResultsHeat‐stable IgE‐reactive PVs, with up to 5 isoforms per species, were identified in all 33 analysed fish species. In the Indian mackerel, 7 PV isoforms were identified by 2D‐gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometric analyses. The amino acid sequence deduced from cDNA of the most expressed isoform showed a high identity (>90%) to PVs from 2 other mackerel species.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceDifferent PVs were identified as the major heat‐stable allergens in all 33 analysed freshwater and marine fish species from Vietnam, many of which are exported world‐wide and 21 species that have never been investigated before. The Indian mackerel PV represents a novel fish allergen, now officially registered as Ras k 1. Improved diagnostics for fish allergy against Asia‐Pacific species should be developed with focus on PV.