bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deterministic composite nanophotonic lattices in large area for broadband applications
Authors: Xavier Jolly , Probst Jürgen , Becker Christiane 
Published: December 2016

AbstractExotic manipulation of the flow of photons in nanoengineered materials with an aperiodic distribution of nanostructures plays a key role in efficiency-enhanced broadband photonic and plasmonic technologies for spectrally tailorable integrated biosensing, nanostructured thin film solarcells, white light emitting diodes, novel plasmonic ensembles etc. Through a generic deterministic nanotechnological route here we show subwavelength-scale silicon (Si) nanostructures on nanoimprinted glass substrate in large area (4 cm2) with advanced functional features of aperiodic composite nanophotonic lattices. These nanophotonic aperiodic lattices have easily tailorable supercell tiles with well-defined and discrete lattice basis elements and they show rich Fourier spectra. The presented nanophotonic lattices are designed functionally akin to two-dimensional aperiodic composite lattices with unconventional flexibility- comprising periodic photonic crystals and/or in-plane photonic quasicrystals as pattern design subsystems. The fabricated composite lattice-structured Si nanostructures are comparatively analyzed with a range of nanophotonic structures with conventional lattice geometries of periodic, disordered random as well as in-plane quasicrystalline photonic lattices with comparable lattice parameters. As a proof of concept of compatibility with advanced bottom-up liquid phase crystallized (LPC) Si thin film fabrication, the experimental structural analysis is further extended to double-side-textured deterministic aperiodic lattice-structured 10 μm thick large area LPC Si film on nanoimprinted substrates.
Theoretical analyses of resonant frequency shift in anomalous dispersion enhanced resonant optical gyroscopes
Authors: Lin Jian , Liu Jiaming , Zhang Hao , Li Wenxiu , Zhao Lu , Jin Junjie , Huang Anping , Zhang Xiaofu , Xiao Zhisong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRigorous expressions of resonant frequency shift (RFS) in anomalous dispersion enhanced resonant optical gyroscopes (ADEROGs) are deduced without making approximation, which provides a precise theoretical guidance to achieve ultra-sensitive ADEROGs. A refractive index related modification factor "Equation missing" is introduced when considering special theory of relativity (STR). We demonstrate that the RFS will not be ”infinitely large” by using critical anomalous dispersion (CAD) and negative modification does not exist, which make the mechanism of anomalous dispersion enhancement clear and coherent. Although step change of RFS will happen when the anomalous dispersion condition varies, the amplification of RFS is limited by attainable variation of refractive index in practice. Moreover, it is shown that the properties of anomalous dispersion will influence not only the amplification of RFS, but also the detection range of ADEROGs.
Chemical ordering in substituted fluorite oxides: a computational investigation of Ho2Zr2O7 and RE2Th2O7 (RE=Ho, Y, Gd, Nd, La)
Authors: Solomon Jonathan M. , Shamblin Jacob , Lang Maik , Navrotsky Alexandra , Asta Mark 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFluorite-structured oxides find widespread use for applications spanning nuclear energy and waste containment, energy conversion, and sensing. In such applications the host tetravalent cation is often partially substituted by trivalent cations, with an associated formation of charge-compensating oxygen vacancies. The stability and properties of such materials are known to be influenced strongly by chemical ordering of the cations and vacancies, and the nature of such ordering and associated energetics are thus of considerable interest. Here we employ density-functional theory (DFT) calculations to study the structure and energetics of cation and oxygen-vacancy ordering in Ho2Zr2O7. In a recent neutron total scattering study, solid solutions in this system were reported to feature local chemical ordering based on the fluorite-derivative weberite structure. The calculations show a preferred chemical ordering qualitatively consistent with these findings, and yield values for the ordering energy of 9.5 kJ/mol-cation. Similar DFT calculations are applied to additional RE2Th2O7 fluorite compounds, spanning a range of values for the ratio of the tetravalent and trivalent (RE) cation radii. The results demonstrate that weberite-type order becomes destabilized with increasing values of this size ratio, consistent with an increasing energetic preference for the tetravalent cations to have higher oxygen coordination.
Neural Pathway of Renovative and Innovative Products Appreciation
Authors: Huang Furong , Chiu Chiyue , Luo Jing 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAccording to the level of change an invention makes on existing things and how it overrides people’s mental schemas on established categories, new inventions can be classified into two groups: incremental inventions (i.e., renovations), which make minor improvements on existing designs, and radical inventions (i.e., innovations), which make major developments that enable people to do things they have never been able to do before. Although innovation and renovation are two fundamentally different types of creation that feature new changes ranging from those in product development to those in large scale social changes, and people tend to report higher subjective preferences for incremental inventions compared to radical inventions, the cognitive brain mechanisms underlying the mental representation of these two types of inventions remains unknown. Through the use of innovative and renovative designs as materials, we found that relative to non-creative designs, creative (renovative &innovative) designs enhanced memory or association-related activation in the right parahippocampus. In particular, innovations evoked more activation in the conceptual pathway for representing objects than did renovations, whereas renovations evoked more activation in the motor pathway than innovations. These results suggest that operating experiences may provide advantages for understanding and appreciating creative designs.
TiO2 nanotubes and mesoporous silica as containers in self-healing epoxy coatings
Authors: Vijayan P. Poornima , Al-Maadeed Mariam Ali S. A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe potential of inorganic nanomaterials as reservoirs for healing agents is presented here. Mesoporous silica (SBA-15) and TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) were synthesized. Both epoxy-encapsulated TiO2 nanotubes and amine-immobilized mesoporous silica were incorporated into epoxy and subsequently coated on a carbon steel substrate. The encapsulated TiO2 nanotubes was quantitatively estimated using a ‘dead pore ratio’ calculation. The morphology of the composite coating was studied in detail using transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis. The self-healing ability of the coating was monitored using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); the coating recovered 57% of its anticorrosive property in 5 days. The self-healing of the scratch on the coating was monitored using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results confirmed that the epoxy pre-polymer was slowly released into the crack. The released epoxy pre-polymer came into contact with the amine immobilized in mesoporous silica and cross-linked to heal the scratch.
Graphene nanoplatelets induced heterogeneous bimodal structural magnesium matrix composites with enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Xiang Shulin , Wang Xiaojun , Gupta Manoj , Wu Kun , Hu Xiaoshi , Zheng Mingyi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this work, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinforced magnesium (Mg) matrix composites were synthesised using the multi-step dispersion route. Well-dispersed but inhomogeneously distributed GNPs were obtained in the matrix. Compared with the monolithic alloy, the nanocomposites exhibited dramatically enhanced Young’s modulus, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength and relatively high plasticity, which mainly attributed to the significant heterogeneous laminated microstructure induced by the addition of GNPs. With increasing of the concentration of GNPs, mechanical properties of the composites were gradually improved. Especially, the strengthening efficiency of all the composites exceeded 100%, which was significantly higher than that of carbon nanotubes reinforced Mg matrix composites. The grain refinement and load transfer provided by the two-dimensional and wrinkled surface structure of GNPs were the dominated strengthening mechanisms of the composites. This investigation develops a new method for incorporating GNPs in metals for fabricating high-performance composites.
BLR1 and FCGR1A transcripts in peripheral blood associate with the extent of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children and predict treatment outcome
Authors: Jenum Synne , Bakken Rasmus , Dhanasekaran S. , Mukherjee Aparna , Lodha Rakesh , Singh Sarman , Singh Varinder , Haks Marielle C. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Kabra S. K. , Doherty T. Mark , Ritz Christian , Grewal Harleen M. S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBiomarkers reflecting the extent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced pathology and normalization during anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) would considerably facilitate trials of new treatment regimens and the identification of patients with treatment failure. Therefore, in a cohort of 99 Indian children with intrathoracic tuberculosis (TB), we performed blood transcriptome kinetic analysis during ATT to explore 1) the association between transcriptional biomarkers in whole blood (WB) and the extent of TB disease at diagnosis and treatment outcomes at 2 and 6 months, and 2) the potential of the biomarkers to predict treatment response at 2 and 6 months. We present the first data on the association between transcriptional biomarkers and the extent of TB disease as well as outcome of ATT in children: Expression of three genes down-regulated on ATT (FCGR1A, FPR1 and MMP9) exhibited a positive correlation with the extent of TB disease, whereas expression of eight up-regulated genes (BCL, BLR1, CASP8, CD3E, CD4, CD19, IL7R and TGFBR2) exhibited a negative correlation with the extent of disease. Baseline levels of these transcripts displayed an individual capacity >70% to predict the six-month treatment outcome. In particular, BLR1 and FCGR1A seem to have a potential in monitoring and perhaps tailoring future antituberculosis therapy.
Self-preservation and structural transition of gas hydrates during dissociation below the ice point: an in situ study using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhong Jin-Rong , Zeng Xin-Yang , Zhou Feng-He , Ran Qi-Dong , Sun Chang-Yu , Zhong Rui-Qin , Yang Lan-Ying , Chen Guang-Jin , Koh Carolyn A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe hydrate structure type and dissociation behavior for pure methane and methane-ethane hydrates at temperatures below the ice point and atmospheric pressure were investigated usingin situRaman spectroscopic analysis. The self-preservation effect of sI methane hydrate is significant at lower temperatures (268.15 to 270.15 K), as determined by the stable C-H region Raman peaks andAL/ASvalue (Ratio of total peak area corresponding to occupancies of guest molecules in large cavities to small cavities) being around 3.0. However, it was reduced at higher temperatures (271.15 K and 272.15 K), as shown from the dramatic change in Raman spectra and fluctuations inAL/ASvalues. The self-preservation effect for methane-ethane double hydrate is observed at temperatures lower than 271.15 K. The structure transition from sI to sII occurred during the methane-ethane hydrate decomposition process, which was clearly identified by the shift in peak positions and the change in relative peak intensities at temperatures from 269.15 K to 271.15 K. Further investigation shows that the selectivity for self-preservation of methane over ethane leads to the structure transition; this kind of selectivity increases with decreasing temperature. This work provides new insight into the kinetic behavior of hydrate dissociation below the ice point.
Creation of Sub-diffraction Longitudinally Polarized Spot by Focusing Radially Polarized Light with Binary Phase Lens
Authors: Yu An-ping , Chen Gang , Zhang Zhi-hai , Wen Zhong-quan , Dai Lu-ru , Zhang Kun , Jiang Sen-lin , Wu Zhi-xiang , Li Yu-yan , Wang Chang-tao , Luo Xian-gang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe generation of a sub-diffraction longitudinally polarized spot is of great interest in various applications, such as optical tweezers, super-resolution microscopy, high-resolution Raman spectroscopy, and high-density optical data storage. Many theoretical investigations have been conducted into the tight focusing of a longitudinally polarized spot with high-numerical-aperture aplanatic lenses in combination with optical filters. Optical super-oscillation provides a new approach to focusing light beyond the diffraction limit. Here, we propose a planar binary phase lens and experimentally demonstrate the generation of a longitudinally polarized sub-diffraction focal spot by focusing radially polarized light. The lens has a numerical aperture of 0.93 and a long focal length of 200λ for wavelength λ = 632.8 nm, and the generated focal spot has a full-width-at-half-maximum of about 0.456λ, which is smaller than the diffraction limit, 0.54λ. A 5λ-long longitudinally polarized optical needle with sub-diffraction size is also observed near the designed focal point.
p53 activates miR-192-5p to mediate vancomycin induced AKI
Authors: Chen Jinwen , Wang Juan , Li Huiling , Wang Shixuan , Xiang Xudong , Zhang Dongshan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPathogenic role of p53 in AKI remains controversial and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we tested whether the inhibition of p53 may ameliorate vancomycin (VAN) induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Mice with p53 knock out (p53-KO) were resistant to VAN induced AKI, indicated by the analysis of renal function, histology, and apoptosis. Mechanistically, AKI was associated with the upregulation of several known p53 target genes, including Bax and p21, and this association was attenuated in p53-KO mice. Furthermore, the expression of miR-192-5p was significantly decreased in the p53-KO kidney tissues. In human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2), VAN induced p53 accumulation and miR-192-5p expression. Both apoptosis of HK-2 cells and expression of miR-192-5p were also suppressed by pifithrin-α. Anti-miR-192-5p significantly blocked VAN-induced apoptosis and caspase activity in HK-2 cells. Consistently, in vivo inhibition of miR-192-5p also suppressed VAN induced AKI. Thus, we provided clinical and genetic evidence that p53 was associated with the development of VAN induced AKI through upregulation of miR-192-5p.
Unconscious processing of invisible visual stimuli
Authors: Song Chen , Yao Haishan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUnconscious processing of subliminal visual information, as illustrated by the above-chance accuracy in discriminating invisible visual stimuli, is evident in both blindsight patients and healthy human observers. However, the dependence of such unconscious processing on stimulus properties remains unclear. Here we studied the impact of stimulus luminance and stimulus complexity on the extent of unconscious processing. A testing stimulus presented to one eye was rendered invisible by a masking stimulus presented to the other eye, and healthy human participants made a forced-choice discrimination of the stimulus identity followed by a report of the perceptual awareness. Without awareness of the stimulus existence, participants could nevertheless reach above-chance accuracy in discriminating the stimulus identity. Importantly, the discrimination accuracy for invisible stimuli increased with the stimulus luminance and decreased with the stimulus complexity. These findings suggested that the input signal strength and the input signal complexity can affect the extent of unconscious processing without altering the subjective awareness.
Whole-genome sequencing of eight goat populations for the detection of selection signatures underlying production and adaptive traits
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Liu Jing , Zhou Guangxian , Guo Jiazhong , Yan Hailong , Niu Yiyuan , Li Yan , Yuan Chao , Geng Rongqing , Lan Xianyong , An Xiaopeng , Tian Xingui , Zhou Huangkai , Song Jiuzhou , Jiang Yu , Chen Yulin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe goat (Capra hircus) is one of the first farm animals that have undergone domestication and extensive natural and artificial selection by adapting to various environments, which in turn has resulted in its high level of phenotypic diversity. Here, we generated medium-coverage (9–13×) sequences from eight domesticated goat breeds, representing morphologically or geographically specific populations, to identify genomic regions representing selection signatures. We discovered ~10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each breed. By combining two approaches, ZHp and di values, we identified 22 genomic regions that may have contributed to the phenotypes in coat color patterns, body size, cashmere traits, as well as high altitude adaptation in goat populations. Candidate genes underlying strong selection signatures including coloration (ASIP, KITLG, HTT, GNA11, and OSTM1), body size (TBX15, DGCR8, CDC25A, and RDH16), cashmere traits (LHX2, FGF9, and WNT2), and hypoxia adaptation (CDK2, SOCS2, NOXA1, and ENPEP) were identified. We also identified candidate functional SNPs within selected genes that may be important for each trait. Our results demonstrated the potential of using sequence data in identifying genomic regions that are responsible for agriculturally significant phenotypes in goats, which in turn can be used in the selection of goat breeds for environmental adaptation and domestication.
Interleukin-37 Enhances the Suppressive Activity of Naturally Occurring CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Wang Da-Wei , Dong Ning , Wu Yao , Zhu Xiao-Mei , Wang Chun-Ting , Yao Yong-Ming 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNaturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for the suppression of autoimmunity and can control the immune-mediated pathology during the early phase of sepsis. Our previous data showed that silencing interleukin-37 (IL-37) in human CD4+CD25+ Tregs obviously reduced the suppressive activity of CD4+CD25+ Tregs. Here, we found that rhIL-37 stimulation markedly enhanced the suppressive activity of CD4+CD25+ Tregs isolated from naive C57BL/6 J mice in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Treatment with rhIL-37 could significantly upregulate the expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 and forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3 (Foxp3) on CD4+CD25+ Tregs. Also, rhIL-37 stimulation promoted the production of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) but not IL-10 in the supernatants of cultured CD4+CD25+ Tregs. Pretreated CD4+CD25+ Tregs with rhIL-37 in the presence or absence of LPS were cocultured with CD4+CD25− T cells, ratio of IL-4/interferon-γ in the supernatants obviously increased in IL-37-stimulated groups. In addition, early administration of IL-37 significantly improved the survival rate of septic mice induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Taken together, we concluded that rhIL-37 enhances the suppressive activity of CD4+CD25+ Tregs and might be a potential immunomodulator for the treatment of septic complications.
Unusual dimeric tetrahydroxanthone derivatives from Aspergillus lentulus and the determination of their axial chiralities
Authors: Li Tian-Xiao , Yang Ming-Hua , Wang Ying , Wang Xiao-Bing , Luo Jun , Luo Jian-Guang , Kong Ling-Yi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe research on secondary metabolites of Aspergillus lentulus afforded eight unusual heterodimeric tetrahydroxanthone derivatives, lentulins A−H (2−9), along with the known compound neosartorin (1). Compounds 1−6 exhibited potent antimicrobial activities especially against methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. Their absolute configurations, particularly the axial chiralities, were unambiguously demonstrated by a combination of electronic circular dichroism (ECD), Rh2(OCOCF3)4-induced ECD experiments, modified Mosher methods, and chemical conversions. Interestingly, compounds 1–4 were the first samples of atropisomers within the dimeric tetrahydroxanthone class. Further investigation of the relationships between their axial chiralities and ECD Cotton effects led to the proposal of a specific CD Exciton Chirality rule to determine the axial chiralities in dimeric tetrahydroxanthones and their derivatives.
Size-dependent bending modulus of nanotubes induced by the imperfect boundary conditions
Authors: Zhang Jin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe size-dependent bending modulus of nanotubes, which was widely observed in most existing three-point bending experiments [e.g., J. Phys. Chem. B 117, 4618–4625 (2013)], has been tacitly assumed to originate from the shear effect. In this paper, taking boron nitride nanotubes as an example, we directly measured the shear effect by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and found that the shear effect is not the major factor responsible for the observed size-dependent bending modulus of nanotubes. To further explain the size-dependence phenomenon, we abandoned the assumption of perfect boundary conditions (BCs) utilized in the aforementioned experiments and studied the influence of the BCs on the bending modulus of nanotubes based on MD simulations. The results show that the imperfect BCs also make the bending modulus of nanotubes size-dependent. Moreover, the size-dependence phenomenon induced by the imperfect BCs is much more significant than that induced by the shear effect, which suggests that the imperfect BC is a possible physical origin that leads to the strong size-dependence of the bending modulus found in the aforementioned experiments. To capture the physics behind the MD simulation results, a beam model with the general BCs is proposed and found to fit the experimental data very well.
Adiporedoxin suppresses endothelial activation via inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB signaling
Authors: He Hui , Guo Fang , Li Yong , Saaoud Fatma , Kimmis Brooks D. , Sandhu Jeena , Fan Michelle , Maulik Dev , Lessner Susan , Papasian Christopher J. , Fan Daping , Jiang Zhisheng , Fu Mingui 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAdiporedoxin (Adrx) is a recently discovered redox regulatory protein that is preferentially expressed in adipose tissue and plays a critical role in the regulation of metabolism via its modulation of adipocyte protein secretion. We here report that Adrx suppresses endothelial cell activation via inhibiting MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways. Adrx is constitutively expressed in human vascular endothelial cells, and significantly induced by a variety of stimuli such as TNFα, IL-1β, H2O2 and OxLDL. Overexpression of Adrx significantly attenuated TNFα-induced expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, and thus reduced monocyte adherence to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Conversely, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Adrx increased TNFα-induced expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte adherence to HUVECs. Furthermore, forced expression of Adrx decreased TNFα-induced activation of ERK1/2, JNK, p38 and IKKs in HUVECs. Adrx mutant in the CXXC motif that lost its anti-redox activity is less efficient than the wild-type Adrx, suggesting that Adrx-mediated inhibition of endothelial activation is partially dependent on its antioxidant activity. Finally, Adrx expression was markedly increased in human atheroma compared with normal tissue from the same carotid arteries. These results suggest that Adrx is an endogenous inhibitor of endothelial activation, and might be a therapeutic target for vascular inflammatory diseases.