bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymer Film Dewetting by Water/Surfactant/Good‐Solvent Mixtures: A Mechanistic Insight and Its Implications for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Baglioni Michele , Montis Costanza , Chelazzi David , Giorgi Rodorico , Berti Debora , Baglioni Piero 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAqueous nanostructured fluids (NSFs) have been proposed to remove polymer coatings from the surface of works of art; this process usually involves film dewetting. The NSF cleaning mechanism was studied using several techniques that were employed to obtain mechanistic insight on the interaction of a methacrylic/acrylic copolymer (Paraloid B72) film laid on glass surfaces and several NSFs, based on two solvents and two surfactants. The experimental results provide a detailed picture of the dewetting process. The gyration radius and the reduction of the Tg of Paraloid B72 fully swollen in the two solvents is larger for propylene carbonate than for methyl ethyl ketone, suggesting higher mobility of polymer chains for the former, while a nonionic alcohol ethoxylate surfactant was more effective than sodium dodecylsulfate in favoring the dewetting process. FTIR 2D imaging showed that the dewetting patterns observed on model samples are also present on polymer‐coated mortar tiles when exposed to NSFs.
Triplet Tellurophene‐Based Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Lei , Gu Wenxing , Lv Lei , Chen Yusheng , Yang Yufei , Ye Pan , Wu Jianfei , Hong Ling , Peng Aidong , Huang Hui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTriplet materials have been employed to achieve high‐performing organic solar cells (OSCs) by extending the exciton lifetime and diffusion distances, while the triplet non‐fullerene acceptor materials have never been reported for bulk heterojunction OSCs. Herein, for the first time, three triplet molecular acceptors based on tellurophene with different degrees of ring fusing were designed and synthesized for OSCs. Significantly, these molecules have long exciton lifetime and diffusion lengths, leading to efficient power conversion efficiency (7.52 %), which is the highest value for tellurophene‐based OSCs. The influence of the extent of ring fusing on molecular geometry and OSCs performance was investigated to show the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) continuously increased along with increasing the extent of ring fusing.
Monomer atomic configuration as key feature in governing the gas transport behaviors of polyimide membrane
Authors: Tan P. C. , Ooi B. S. , Ahmad A. L. , Low S. C. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAlthough the molecular design of polyimide has been extensively investigated, the role of monomer's atomic configuration in controlling the structure of polyimide membrane hence its gas transport behaviors remains relatively uncertain. Therefore, a series of polyimides with different monomer combinations were synthesized to determine the crucial features of monomer that can impose great influence on membrane properties such as the fractional free volume (FFV). The results showed that the polyimide chain length (Mw) depended strongly on the monomer reactivity, which was primarily controlled by the steric hindrance of monomers' substituent instead of their electronic nature. In addition, the polarity and atomic configuration of monomer were found to be the two dominant factors in governing the membrane FFV. A polyimide model was also constructed and validated by molecular dynamics simulation to predict the gas transport behaviors (solubility and diffusivity) of copolyimide membranes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46073.
Nonlinear disposition of lithium in rats and saturation of its tubular reabsorption by the sodium‐phosphate cotransporter as a cause
Authors: Uwai Yuichi , Kawasaki Tatsuya , Nabekura Tomohiro 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe previously reported the contribution of sodium‐phosphate cotransporter to the tubular reabsorption of lithium in rats. In the present study, the dose dependency of the renal handling of lithium was examined in rats. When lithium chloride at 1.25 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg was intravenously injected as a bolus, the areas under the plasma concentration‐time curve of lithium until 60 minutes were calculated to be 6.23 mEq·min/l, 8.77 mEq·min/l and 64.6 mEq·min/l, respectively. The renal clearance of lithium and its fractional excretion increased with increments in the dose administered. The renal clearance of lithium strongly correlated with the urinary excretion rate of phosphate in the 1.25 mg/kg group (r = 0.840) and 2.5 mg/kg group (r = 0.773), whereas this correlation was weak in the 25 mg/kg group (r = 0.306). The infusion of foscarnet, a typical inhibitor of sodium‐phosphate cotransporter, decreased the fractional reabsorption of lithium in rats administered lithium chloride at 2.5 mg/kg, but did not affect it in rats administered 25 mg/kg. These results demonstrate the nonlinearity of the renal excretion of lithium in rats, with the saturation of lithium reabsorption by the sodium‐phosphate cotransporter potentially being involved.
The use of orientation/decision/do/discuss/reflect (OD3R) method to increase critical thinking skill and practical skill in biochemistry learning
Authors: Anwar Yunita Arian Sani , Senam Senam , Laksono Endang W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe have developed an OD3R method that can be applied on Biochemistry learning. This OD3R consists of 5 phases: orientation, decision, do, discuss, and reflect to connect lessons in the class with practice in the laboratory. Implementation of OD3R method was done in 2 universities in Yogyakarta to increase critical thinking skill and practical skill of the students. The critical thinking skills were assessed using modified Hoyo rubric according to student's ability in writing laboratory work report. Practical skill was assessed using a rubric with 6 practical skill categories: procedural skill, manipulative skill, observation skill, drawing skill, interpretation skill, and presentation skill. Implementation result shows that OD3R method can increase critical thinking skill and practical skill of the students. OD3R method is a learning method that is centered on the students and can be recommended to train thinking skill and practical skill of students in University. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(2):107–113, 2018.
Enrichment of gamma‐aminobutyric acid in bean sprouts: Exploring biosynthesis of plant metabolite using common household reagents
Authors: Rojanarata Theerasak , Plianwong Samarwadee , Opanasopit Praneet , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe enrichment of plant foods with gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is currently an interesting issue in the field of nutraceuticals and can be used as an experiment for upper‐division undergraduate students. Here, an interdisciplinary hands‐on experiment to produce GABA‐enriched mung bean sprouts using common household reagents is described. Based on the GABA biosynthesis pathways, two key factors, being the availability of l‐glutamic acid and the acidification of the germination environment, were chosen for the study of the effects on the enhancement of GABA levels. The activities not only led students to a deeper understanding of biochemistry contents, but also gave the students the opportunity to work with experimental design, analytical chemistry, and statistical data analysis. Furthermore, since mung bean sprouts are familiar foods and the reagents used for germination are easily obtainable and generally recognized as safe, the optimal protocol investigated in the lab could be further applied to the production of bean sprouts with enhanced nutritional values in everyday life, promoting the transfer of knowledge learned in school to practical environments such as home and community. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(2):155–161, 2018.
Teaching practices at a Chilean university 3 years after conversion to competency‐based education
Authors: Pérez Carmen Gloria , Clem Samantha 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundOver the last 10 years, most traditional Chilean universities have declared an institutional conversion to competency‐based education (CBE).ObjectivesThis study seeks to determine if those systemic changes are reaching a practical level by analyzing the conceptualizations that university professors have of their teaching practice and whether or not they are in line with CBE guidelines.MethodsTwenty‐two self‐written reports describing current teaching practices were taken from professors at a competency‐based university. The Content Analysis technique was used, analyzing the frequency and standardization in which certain words or phrases appeared in the text and their relation or counter‐relation to CBE, thus determining the conceptual patterns that regulate current teaching methods at the university.ResultsThe results show that the most common words used to describe teaching practices were contrary with concepts that should be present in a competency system, including mainly teacher‐centered lecture classes that values passing exams over mastering skills.ConclusionProfessors have not internalized their role in the CBE system in which they currently find themselves. A traditional model of education is still prominent, and if that is to change professors need to receive further training on what CBE is and what is their specific role within that system. If additional steps are not taken to change the conceptualizations on teaching practices that the professors have, the university's conversion into CBE will remain as merely rhetorical and not practical.
Stent graft treatment for infra‐inguinal arterial disease for either instent‐restenosis and denovo lesions associated with very high rates of failure
Authors: Golla Maheswara S. , Acharji Subasit , Paul Timir K , Madapathi Praveena , Garcia Lawrence A. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundFDA approved the Gore Viabahn (WL Gore, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) stent for both femoro‐popliteal arterial denovo and instent restenosis (ISRS) lesions. To date there is little data on Viabahn stent graft outcomes in ISRS arterial disease.MethodsBetween 2007 and 2014 we identified 734 patients who underwent 1573 endovascular interventions in our institution for infra‐inguinal revascularization. Among these, 48 patients had 143 Viabahn stents placed. Of these, 26 patients had 94 stents placed for ISRS and 22 patients had 49 stents placed for denovo lesions.ResultsThe patients in the ISRS group were younger and more likely to have hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, compared to the patients in the denovo group. Stents were placed principally for femoro‐popliteal lesions, with mean length of 21 ± 12.5 cm (19.2 ± 14, ISRS vs. 22.1 ± 11, denovo; P = 0.2). Both groups had low primary patency rates during one year follow up (54% vs. 33%, OR = 2.3 (0.9–2.2). Target lesion revascularization (TLR) (57% vs. 27%, P < 0.0001, OR = 3.7, CI = 1.8–8) and surgical revascularization (21% vs. 4%, OR = 6.3, CI = 1.4–28) occurred more frequently in the ISRS group than in the denovo group. Amputation rate (17% vs. 31%, OR 0.7, CI = 0.2–1), cumulative blockage (defined as ISRS and thrombosis) (62% vs. 47%, P = 0.09, OR = 1.8, CI = 0.9–3.6), and Restenosis (40% vs. 31%, OR 1.5, CI = 0.7–3.2) were not statistically different between the two groups. Mean duration of follow‐up was 12.8 ± 13 months.ConclusionStent graft treatment using the Gore Viabahn for denovo and ISRS in femoro‐popliteal arterial obstructive disease have high restenosis and failure rates, of both stent patency and limb outcomes, which is consistent with existed literature.
Synthetic and Catalytic Potential of Amorphous Mesoporous Aluminosilicates Prepared by Postsynthetic Aluminations of Silica in Aqueous Media
Authors: Locus Roel , Verboekend Danny , d'Halluin Martin , Dusselier Michiel , Liao Yuhe , Nuttens Nicolas , Jaumann Tony , Oswald Steffen , Mafra Luís , Giebeler Lars , Sels Bert 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAmorphous aluminosilicate catalysts have been used industrially on a large scale for almost a century. However, the influence of the pH on the alumination of silica in aqueous solutions has remained largely unclear. Herein, room temperature aluminations of different mesoporous amorphous silicas (fumed silica, dried silica gel, SBA‐15, MCM‐41, and COK‐12) with aqueous solutions of various pH (3–13) are explored. The aqueous solutions are prepared using different aluminum sources (Al(NO3)3 or NaAlO2) and alkaline additives (NaOH or NH4OH). The decoupling of pH and Al source using alkaline additives results in a vast experimental potential to prepare unique aluminosilicates, whereby an important role is played by the pH development during the treatment. The bulk and surface composition, acidity, aluminum coordination, morphology, hydrothermal stability, and porosity of the obtained materials are characterized. Optimal samples possess large surface areas and superior acidities (up to 50 % higher) and outstanding stabilities compared to aluminosilicates prepared with state‐of‐the‐art methods. The obtained materials are evaluated in a series of acid‐catalyzed model reactions involving substrates of various chemical reactivity and size, enabling insight in the catalytic functionality of the introduced Brønsted and Lewis sites. The potential of the obtained materials is emphasized by the similar or superior acidity and catalytic performance compared to several benchmark industrial silica–alumina‐based catalysts.
Influence of Alkaline Additives and Buffers on Mineral Trapping of CO2 under Mild Conditions
Authors: Schütz Marta K. , Lopes Natália F. , Cenci Angélica , Ketzer João Marcelo M. , Einloft Sandra , Dullius Jeane , Ligabue Rosane 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) gas is the main contributor to climate change. CO2 storage in underground brines and oil‐field brines by mineral trapping has been considered as a promising alternative in order to reduce CO2 emissions. However, permanent storage of CO2 in stable carbonate minerals is greatly dependent on brine pH, being favored over an alkaline pH. The effect of alkaline additives (NaOH, KOH, CaO) and buffer solutions (NaHCO3/NaOH, Na2HPO4/NaOH, NH4Cl/NH4OH) on the mineral trapping of CO2 under mild conditions using a synthetic brine is investigated. The results indicate that both NaOH+NH4Cl/NH4OH and KOH+NH4Cl/NH4OH mixtures promote precipitation mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
Binuclear Phthalocyanine Dimer‐Containing Yttrium Double‐Decker Ambipolar Semiconductor with Sensitive Response toward Oxidizing NO2 and Reducing NH3
Authors: Lu Guang , Wang Kang , Kong Xia , Pan Houhe , Zhang Jinghui , Chen Yanli , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA thin‐film transistor fabricated from a binuclear phthalocyanine dimer‐containing yttrium double‐decker complex [{Pc(OC4H9)8}Y{BiPc(OC4H9)12}Y{Pc(OC4H9)8}] by using the quasi–Langmuir–Shäfer technique exhibits good ambipolar organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) device performance with carrier mobilities of 2.3 and 0.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons and holes, respectively. These represent the highest mobilities achieved so far for solution‐processed small‐molecule single‐component‐based ambipolar OFET devices. The ambipolar semiconducting nature of this compound was further confirmed in an unambiguous manner by the high sensitive response of the device towards both oxidizing NO2 gas and reducing NH3 gas in the concentration range of approximately 0.5–3 ppm and 7.5–20 ppm, respectively, at room temperature.
Highly Electrophilic, Catalytically Active and Redox‐Responsive Cobaltoceniumyl and Ferrocenyl Triazolylidene Coinage Metal Complexes
Authors: Vanicek Stefan , Podewitz Maren , Stubbe Jessica , Schulze Dennis , Kopacka Holger , Wurst Klaus , Müller Thomas , Lippmann Petra , Haslinger Simone , Schottenberger Herwig , Liedl Klaus R. , Ott Ingo , Sarkar Biprajit , Bildstein Benno 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA convenient access to a triad of triazoles with ferrocenyl and cobaltoceniumyl substituents is reported. N‐Alkylation, deprotonation and metalation with CuI/AgI/AuI synthons affords the heteroleptic triazolylidene complexes. Due to the combination of neutral, electron‐donating ferrocenyl substituents and cationic, strongly electron‐withdrawing cobaltocenium substituents, the mesoionic carbene (MIC) ligands of these complexes are electronically interesting “push–pull”, “pull–push” and “pull–pull” metalloligands with further switchable redox states based on their fully reversible FeII/FeIII, (ferrocene/ferrocenium) and CoIII/CoII, (cobaltocenium/cobaltocene) redox couples. These are the first examples of metal complexes of (di)cationic NHC ligands based on cobaltoceniumyl substituents. DFT calculated Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) of the new MIC ligands, show these metalloligands to be extremely electron‐poor NHCs with properties unmatched in other carbene chemistry. Utilization of these multimetallic electronically tunable compounds in catalytic oxazoline synthesis and in antitumor studies are presented. Remarkably, 1 mol % of the AuI complex with the dicationic MIC ligand displays full catalytic conversion, without the need for any other additives, in less than 2 hours at ambient temperatures. These results thus firmly establish these new classes of cobaltoceniumyl based (di)cationic MIC ligands as prominent players in several branches of chemistry.
Flexible Bonding of the Phosph(V)azane Dianions [S(E)P(μ‐NtBu)]22−
Authors: Plajer Alex J. , Garcia‐Rodriguez Raul , Rizzuto Felix J. , Wright Dominic S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOxidation of the PIII dianion [S−P(μ‐NtBu)]22− (1) with elemental sulphur, selenium and tellurium gives the PV dianions [(S)(E)P(μ‐NtBu)]22− (E = S (6 a), Se (6 b), Te (6 c)). Although 6 c proves to be too unstable, the S,S‐dianion 6 a and ambidentate S,Se‐dianion 6 b are readily transferred intact to main group and transition metal elements, producing a range of new cage and coordination compounds. While their coordination characteristics are in many ways similar to closely‐related isoelectronic phosph(V)azane anions [(E)(RN=)P(μ‐NtBu)]22−, the sterically unhindered nature of 6 introduces an expanded range of coordination modes, that is, facial S,S‐ and Se,Se‐bonding as well as side‐on S,Se‐coordination. All of these bonding modes are observed for the amibidentate S,Se dianion 6 b.
Administrative billing codes accurately identified occurrence of electrical cardioversion and ablation/maze procedures in a prospective cohort study of atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Ehlert Alexa N. , Heckbert Susan R. , Wiggins Kerri L. , Thacker Evan L. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundAdministrative billing codes for electrical cardioversion and ablation/maze procedures may be useful for atrial fibrillation (AF) research if the codes are accurate relative to medical record documentation.HypothesisAdministrative billing codes accurately identify occurrence of electrical cardioversion and ablation/maze procedures in AF patients.MethodsWe studied adults ages 30 to 84 who experienced new‐onset AF between October 2001 and December 2004 in Group Health Cooperative (acquired by Kaiser Permanente in 2017), an integrated healthcare system in Washington state and northern Idaho. Using medical record review as the gold standard, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for 3 administrative billing codes for electrical cardioversion and 3 codes for AF ablation/maze procedures.ResultsOf 1953 study participants, during a mean (SD) of 1.5 (0.7) years of follow‐up after AF onset, 470 (24%) experienced electrical cardioversion and 44 (2%) experienced ablation/maze procedures, according to medical record review. For electrical cardioversion, individual codes had 7.7% to 76.4% sensitivity, >99% specificity, 83.7% to 96.5% PPV, and 77.3% to 93.0% NPV. Considering any of 3 codes (code 1 or code 2 or code 3) improved sensitivity to 84.9%. For ablation/maze, individual codes had 18.2% to 47.7% sensitivity, >99% specificity, 66.7% to 95.5% PPV, and >98% NPV. Considering any of 3 codes improved sensitivity to 84.1%.ConclusionsAdministrative billing data accurately identified electrical cardioversion and ablation/maze procedures and can be used instead of medical record review. Our findings apply to healthcare settings with available administrative billing databases.
Fingerprinting the Nature of Anions in Pyrylium Complexes: Dual Binding Mode for Anion–π Interactions
Authors: Franconetti Antonio , Nuñez‐Franco Reyes , de Gonzalo Gonzalo , Iglesias‐Sigüenza Javier , Álvarez Eleuterio , Cabrera‐Escribano Francisca 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe interplay between noncovalent interactions that involve oxygenated heteroaromatic rings have been studied for the first time in this work. In particular, we report an advance in knowledge‐based anion–π interactions together with (C−H)+⋅⋅⋅anion contacts. To understand how the anion modulates these interactions, the synthesis of pyrylium salts with a variety of anions was performed by using an anionic metathesis methodology. The synthesized pyrylium complexes were classified in series, for example, anions derived from halogens, from oxoacids, from p‐block elements, and from transition metals. Crystallographic data, DFT calculations, and NMR spectroscopy methods provided access to an overall insight into the noncovalent behavior of the anion in this kind of system. Based on the DFT calculations and 1H NMR spectroscopy, pyrylium protons can be used as chemical tags to detect noncovalent interactions in this type of compound.
Attentional asymmetry between visual hemifields is related to habitual direction of reading and its implications for debate on cause and effects of dyslexia
Authors: Kermani Mojtaba , Verghese Ashika , Vidyasagar Trichur R. 
Published: December 2017

A major controversy regarding dyslexia is whether any of the many visual and phonological deficits found to be correlated with reading difficulty cause the impairment or result from the reduced amount of reading done by dyslexics. We studied this question by comparing a visual capacity in the left and right visual hemifields in people habitually reading scripts written right‐to‐left or left‐to‐right.Selective visual attention is necessary for efficient visual search and also for the sequential recognition of letters in words. Because such attentional allocation during reading depends on the direction in which one is reading, asymmetries in search efficiency may reflect biases arising from the habitual direction of reading. We studied this by examining search performance in three cohorts: (a) left‐to‐right readers who read English fluently; (b) right‐to‐left readers fluent in reading Farsi but not any left‐to‐right script; and (c) bilingual readers fluent in English and in Farsi, Arabic, or Hebrew. Left‐to‐right readers showed better search performance in the right hemifield and right‐to‐left readers in the left hemifield, but bilingual readers showed no such asymmetries. Thus, reading experience biases search performance in the direction of reading, which has implications for the cause and effect relationships between reading and cognitive functions.