bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gout Self‐Management in African American Veterans: A Qualitative Exploration of Challenges and Solutions From Patients' Perspectives
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Herbey Ivan , Bharat Aseem , Dinnella Janet E. , Pullman‐Mooar Sally , Eisen Seth , Ivankova Nataliya 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo explore gout self‐management and associated challenges and solutions in African Americans.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with 35 African American veterans with gout, who received health care at Birmingham or Philadelphia Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers, had filled urate‐lowering therapy (ULT; most commonly allopurinol) for at least 6 months, and had a ULT medication possession ratio ≥80%. The interview protocol was constructed to explore key concepts related to gout self‐management, including initial diagnosis of gout, beginning medical care for gout, the course of the gout, ULT medication adherence, dietary strategies, comorbidity and side effects, and social support.ResultsThirty‐five African American male veterans with gout who had ≥80% ULT adherence (most commonly, allopurinol) were interviewed at Birmingham (n = 18) or Philadelphia (n = 17) VA medical centers. Mean age was 65 years, mean body mass index was 31.9 kg/m2, 97% had hypertension, 23% had coronary artery disease, and 31% had renal failure. The main themes motivating African American veterans to better gout self‐management were fear of pain, adherence to medications, self‐discipline, lifestyle changes, information gathering, and developing a positive outlook. Birmingham participants more frequently revealed skipping gout medications. More Philadelphia participants discussed lifestyle/diet changes to prevent gout flares, indicated limiting social activities that involved drinking, and sought more information about gout self‐management from health care providers and internet sources.ConclusionIdentified themes, including cultural differences by site, led to the development of a patient‐centered intervention to improve gout self‐management in African American men with gout.
Lack of Concordance in Interrater Scoring of the Provider's Global Assessment of Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis With Low Disease Activity
Authors: Taylor Janalee , Giannini Edward H. , Lovell Daniel J. , Huang Bin , Morgan Esi M. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo measure agreement among raters when scoring the physician/provider global assessment (PGA) of disease activity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with no apparent disease activity, and to identify clinical and laboratory parameters that most strongly influence provider scoring of the PGA.MethodsProfiles of clinical and laboratory findings from 20 patients with JIA with no apparent disease activity were given to 51 providers, who were asked to score the PGA using a 21‐circle visual analog scale (range 0–10). Following initial scoring, providers discussed each profile and reasons for assigning the score given, and then were asked to rescore each profile. Providers were asked to list variables that influenced their scoring most strongly. Using a mixed‐model approach, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the final scores served as the measure of concordance.ResultsA total of 504 PGA scores were obtained. The overall ICC of the initial scores was 0.18. Thus, 18% of nonconcordance of the scores was attributable to patient differences, while 82% was due to provider variation. Variables that influenced scoring most strongly were (in order of frequency) presence of pain, questionable temporomandibular joint involvement, loss of joint motion, presence of any morning stiffness, psoriasis, and past history of uveitis.ConclusionThe low ICC suggests poor agreement among providers scoring the PGA in JIA patients with low or no disease activity. Given the ubiquitous use of the PGA in classification and response criteria for JIA and other pediatric rheumatic diseases, substantive efforts are needed to bring about greater uniformity in scoring of global disease activity by providers.
Disulfide‐Directed C–H Hydroxylation for Synthesis of Sulfonyl Diphenyl Sulfides and 2‐(Phenylthio)phenols with Oxygen as Oxidant
Authors: Wang Long , Xie Yi‐Bi , Huang Nian‐Yu , Zhang Nuo‐Nuo , Li De‐Jiang , Hu Yu‐Lin , Liu Ming‐Guo , Li Dong‐Sheng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCompared to N, O and P as directing functional atoms, the application of directing group containing sulfur atoms for transition metal‐catalyzed C–H activation is much more difficult for the known reason (some metal catalysts are easily poisoned by sulfur). Here, the disulfide‐directed C–H activation for thew synthesis of sulfonyl diphenyl sulfides was realized for the first time by a copper‐catalyzed, tandem, one‐step C–S coupling/hydroxylation of disulfides and arylboronic acids with oxygen as the oxidant. This method provides a mild and easy method for the synthesis of sulfonyl diphenyl sulfides and 2‐(phenylthio)phenol derivatives and avoids producing sulfoxides and sulfones under air conditions and elevated temperatures.magnified image
Improved nutrition in the first 1000 days and adult human capital and health
Authors: Martorell Reynaldo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this article is to review why the first 1000 days of life are a vulnerable period of human development and the long‐term effects of a nutrition experiment carried out in Guatemala (1969–1977).MethodsIn 1969–77, a supplement called Atole, containing high quality protein, energy and micronutrients, was provided to women during pregnancy and lactation and to children <7 years of age in two villages while in two control villages a low‐energy drink called Fresco was provided. The villages were assigned at random to the treatment groups.ResultsSeveral reasons explain the vulnerability of the first 1000 days: rapid growth and development, high nutritional requirements, greater susceptibility to infections, high sensitivity to programming effects and full dependence on others for care, nutrition, and social interaction. Compared with Fresco, Atole improved total nutrient intakes (protein, energy, and micronutrients) and reduced stunting, but only in children < 3 years of age. A study in 2002–2004 showed that schooling, reading, and intelligence were improved in Atole villages, but only in those who received Atole before the age of 3 years. Wages of men were increased by 46% in those provided Atole through the age of 2 years. Findings for cardiovascular disease risk factors were inconclusive, perhaps because of the young age of the sample. A new study focusing on chronic diseases is ongoing (ages 38–54 years).ConclusionsThe Guatemalan studies indicate that substantial improvement in adult human capital and economic productivity resulted from the nutrition intervention. This provides a powerful argument for promoting improvements in nutrition in pregnant women and young children in low income countries.
Recalibration of the Klales et al. (2012) method of sexing the human innominate for Mexican populations
Authors: Gómez‐Valdés Jorge A. , Menéndez Garmendia Antinea , García‐Barzola Lizbeth , Sánchez‐Mejorada Gabriela , Karam Carlos , Baraybar José Pablo , Klales Alexandra 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to test the accuracy of the Klales et al. (2012) equation for sex estimation in contemporary Mexican population.Materials and MethodsOur investigation was carried out on a sample of 203 left innominates of identified adult skeletons from the UNAM‐Collection and the Santa María Xigui Cemetery, in Central Mexico. The Klales' original equation produces a sex bias in sex estimation against males (86–92% accuracy versus 100% accuracy in females). Based on these results, the Klales et al. (2012) method was recalibrated for a new cutt‐of‐point for sex estimation in contemporary Mexican populations.Results and DiscussionThe results show cross‐validated classification accuracy rates as high as 100% after recalibrating the original logistic regression equation. Recalibration improved classification accuracy and eliminated sex bias. This new formula will improve sex estimation for Mexican contemporary populations.
Nonmetric cranial trait variation and the origins of the Scythians
Authors: Movsesian Alla A. , Bakholdina Varvara Yu. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesWithin the fields of archaeology and anthropology, there is a long history of disputes concerning the origin of the northern Black Sea Scythians. One of the main points of contention is whether the Scythian gene pool was derived from the preceding local Bronze Age population or whether their population history can be connected to invaders from Central Asia. To test these hypotheses, we investigated Late Scythian populations from the northern Black Sea region and compared them to Bronze Age groups from Eastern Europe and Central Asia.Materials and methodsWe studied a cranial series of five Late Scythian populations from the northern Black Sea region (N = 323), as well as local Bronze Age groups (N = 109), Central Asian Bronze Age groups (N = 79), and Sarmatians (N = 110). Biological diversity was analyzed by the mean measure of divergence (MMD).ResultsThe Late Scythian population considered in this study proved to be genetically homogeneous, although some connections with the Sarmatians were found. We also revealed similarities between the Scythian groups and the local Bronze Age population of the Srubnaya culture, as well as, to a lesser extent, a group representative of the Central Asian Bronze Age Okunevo culture.DiscussionThe similarities between Late Scythians and various Sarmatian groups could be the result of genetic contacts between the groups, as well as shared genetic origins. The gene pool of the Scythian population likely comprises both local and Central Asian genetic components, though the exact origins and proportion of the eastern component currently remains unknown.
The seasonal feeding ecology of the javan slow loris (nycticebus javanicus)
Authors: Cabana Francis , Dierenfeld Ellen , Wirdateti Wirdateti , Donati Giuseppe , Nekaris K.A.I. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the strategy employed by exudativorous primates during seasonal shifts in food abundance using the Javan slow loris as a model. Males and females may cope differently as well as exploit fallback foods in different proportions.Materials and methodsObserving 15 free ranging Javan slow lorises over a year, we quantified their seasonal diet and nutrient intake using intake rates. For gum intake rates, we conducted a trial with 10 captive Javan slow lorises measuring the length of time it took for them to ingest 10 g of gum. We monitored phenology in our field site over five plots that were assessed monthly. We weighed our free‐ranging animals every six months. We analyzed all food items slow lorises ingested for macronutrients using the nutritional geometry framework.ResultsThe slow loris diet consisted of eight food categories, with gum and insects being the major food sources in terms of wet weight intake. The captive gum trials resulted in an intake rate of 0.021 g/s. All food items eaten by wild Javan slow lorises were available in the wet season and were restricted in the dry season. Males and females reacted differently to seasonal abundances with females ingesting more protein, gum, fruits and flowers and males ingesting more fiber.ConclusionsThe strategy used by the Javan slow lorises during periods of lower food availability were similar to folivorous primates and included increased dependence on lower quality foods. The reproductive costs of gestation and lactation may place a burden on females that requires them to alter their foraging strategy during the dry season to ensure enough protein and overall energy is ingested. The overall strategy used by these exudativorous primates is one of nutrient maximization as no nutrient was clearly preferred over another.
A Dual Functional Electroactive and Fluorescent Probe for Coupled Measurements of Vesicular Exocytosis with High Spatial and Temporal Resolution
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Savy Alexandra , Maurin Sylvie , Grimaud Laurence , Darchen François , Quinton Damien , Labbé Eric , Buriez Olivier , Delacotte Jérôme , Lemaître Frédéric , Guille‐Collignon Manon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this work, Fluorescent False Neurotransmitter 102 (FFN102), a synthesized analogue of biogenic neurotransmitters, was demonstrated to show both pH‐dependent fluorescence and electroactivity. To study secretory behaviors at the single‐vesicle level, FFN102 was employed as a new fluorescent/electroactive dual probe in a coupled technique (amperometry and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM)). We used N13 cells, a stable clone of BON cells, to specifically accumulate FFN102 into their secretory vesicles, and then optical and electrochemical measurements of vesicular exocytosis were experimentally achieved by using indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes. Upon stimulation, FFN102 started to diffuse out from the acidic intravesicular microenvironment to the neutral extracellular space, leading to fluorescent emissions and to the electrochemical oxidation signals that were simultaneously collected from the ITO electrode surface. The correlation of fluorescence and amperometric signals resulting from the FFN102 probe allows real‐time monitoring of single exocytotic events with both high spatial and temporal resolution. This work opens new possibilities in the investigation of exocytotic mechanisms.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Intramolecular Hydroacylation of Trisubstituted Alkenes
Authors: Yang Junfeng , Rérat Alice , Lim Yang Jie , Gosmini Corinne , Yoshikai Naohiko 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEnantio‐ and diastereoselective synthesis of trans‐2,3‐disubstituted indanones is achieved by intramolecular hydroacylation of 2‐alkenylbenzaldehydes bearing trisubstituted alkenyl groups under cobalt‐chiral diphosphine catalysis. Notably, a high level of enantioselectivity is induced regardless of the stereochemistry (E/Z ratio) of the alkenyl group of the starting material. Deuterium‐labeling experiments shed light on the productive reaction pathways of the E‐ and Z‐isomers.
Deprotonation of a Hydridoborate Anion
Authors: Landmann Johannes , Keppner Fabian , Hofmann Daniel B. , Sprenger Jan A. P. , Häring Mathias , Zottnick Sven H. , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Ignat'ev Nikolai V. , Finze Maik 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe first deprotonation of a borohydride anion was achieved by treatment of [BH(CN)3]− with strong non‐nucleophilic bases, which resulted in the formation of alkali‐metal salts of the tricyanoborate dianion B(CN)32− in up to 97 % yield and 99.5 % purity. [BH(CN)3]− is less acidic than (Me3Si)2NH but a stronger acid than iPr2NH. Less sterically hindered, more nucleophilic bases such as PhLi and MeLi mostly attack a CN group under formation of imine dianions [RC(N)B(CN)3]2−, which can be hydrolyzed to ketones of the [RC(O)B(CN)3]− type. The boron‐centered nucleophile B(CN)32− reacts with CO2 and CN+ reagents to give salts of the [B(CN)3CO2]2− dianion and the tetracyanoborate anion [B(CN)4]−, respectively, in excellent yields.
Observing Single‐Molecule Dynamics at Millimolar Concentrations
Authors: Goldschen‐Ohm Marcel P. , White David S. , Klenchin Vadim A. , Chanda Baron , Goldsmith Randall H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSingle‐molecule fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for revealing chemical dynamics and molecular association mechanisms, but has been limited to low concentrations of fluorescent species and is only suitable for studying high affinity reactions. Here, we combine nanophotonic zero‐mode waveguides (ZMWs) with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to resolve single‐molecule association dynamics at up to millimolar concentrations of fluorescent species. This approach extends the resolution of molecular dynamics to >100‐fold higher concentrations, enabling observations at concentrations relevant to biological and chemical processes, and thus making single‐molecule techniques applicable to a tremendous range of previously inaccessible molecular targets. We deploy this approach to show that the binding of cGMP to pacemaking ion channels is weakened by a slower internal conformational change.
Synthesis and characterization of water‐soluble copper(II), cobalt(II) and zinc(II) complexes derived from 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulphonic acid: DNA binding and cleavage studies
Authors: Gubendran Ammavasi , Kesavan Mookkandi Palsamy , Ayyanaar Srinivasan , Raja Jeyaraj Dhaveethu , Athappan Periyakaruppan , Rajesh Jegathalaprathaban 
Published: January 2017

Three water‐soluble complexes, [Cu2L2Cl2] (1), [CoL2(im)2] (2) and [ZnLClH2O] (3) (HL = 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulphonic acid; im = N‐methylimidazole), were prepared and characterized using various spectral techniques. The DNA binding behaviour of complexes 1–3 was studied using UV–visible and circular dichroism (CD) spectra and cyclic voltammetry. All three complexes exhibit hypochromism but complexes 1 and 3 alone give a red shift of 4 nm with a significant binding constant of Kb = 2.1 × 104 and 1.0 × 104 M−1, respectively, but complex 2 shows no red shift with lower Kb of 4.1 × 103 M−1. The voltammetric E1/2 of complex 1 on interaction with herring sperm DNA shifts to a more positive potential, as expected, than complex 2 due to higher DNA affinity. Additionally, analysis of electrochemical data yields a value of K+/K2+ greater than one suggesting that complex 1 binds to DNA through intercalation in the M(I) state. Evidently in CD spectral analysis, complex 1 exhibits a decrease in molar ellipticity with a red shift of 10 nm and a significant decrease in intensity compared to complexes 2 and 3. This clearly indicates that complex 1 induces the B → A transition to a greater extent than 2 and 3. Oxidative cleavage using circular plasmid pUC18 DNA with complex 1 was investigated using gel electrophoresis. Interestingly, complex 1 displays a strong DNA binding affinity and is efficient in cleaving DNA in the presence of H2O2 at pH = 8.0 at 37 °C.
Processing and properties of an ethylene–vinyl acetate blend foam incorporating ethylene–vinyl acetate and polyurethane waste foams
Authors: Sipaut Coswald S. , Halim Husna A. , Jafarzadeh Mohammad 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTWaste polyurethane foam (w‐PU) and waste ethylene–vinyl acetate foam (w‐EVA) were used as fillers for the production of an ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) blend foam. Two different foaming techniques (single‐stage and heat–chill processes) were used for this purpose. The waste foam concentration was varied up to 30 wt % of the original EVA. The physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of the filled foam were studied. The single‐stage process produced blend foams with a lower density and a greater cell size than the foams obtained by the heat–chill process. The density and compression strength of the blend foam increased as the percentage of w‐PU foam increased. However, for the w‐EVA/EVA blend foams, the addition of w‐EVA foam did not significantly affect the density or compression strength compared to the original EVA foams. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44708.
Multilevel‐layer‐structured polyamide 6/poly(trimethylene terephthalate) nanofibrous membranes for low‐pressure air filtration
Authors: Wang Jiaona , Zhao Weiwei , Wang Bin , Pei Guangling , Li Congju 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTMultilevel‐layer‐structured polyamide 6 (PA6) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) nanofibrous membranes were fabricated by an electrospinning method. The morphology of the multileveled layers membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The tensile strength of the PA6–PTT membranes were controlled by the regulation of the layer structure. Additionally, the surface area of the multilevel‐layer‐structured membranes was also investigated with the nitrogen physisorption isotherms. Furthermore, the multilevel‐layered membranes, with a tensile strength of 9.8 MPa and a surface area of 5.1601 m2/g on 300‐nm dioctylphthalate (DOP) aerosol particles, showed a higher efficiency (95.825%) and a lower pressure drop (55 Pa) than the pure PA6 membranes (with values of 94.634% and 467 Pa, respectively). This suggested a new method for high‐efficiency and low‐pressure‐drop filtration applications. Correlations between the filtration pressure drop and filtration efficiency with the structure of the membranes, particle size, and surface velocity were proposed, and the advantage of the multilevel‐layered structure is also discussed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44716.
Morphology and rheological properties of compatibilized low‐density polyethylene/linear low‐density polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blends
Authors: Sabetzadeh Maryam , Bagheri Rouhollah , Masoomi Mahmood 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTMorphology and rheological properties of low‐density polyethylene/linear low‐density polyethylene/thermoplastic starch (LDPE/LLDPE/TPS) blends are experimentally investigated and theoretically analyzed using rheological models. Blending of LDPE/LLDPE (70/30 wt/wt) with 5–20 wt % of TPS and 3 wt % of PE‐grafted maleic anhydride (PE‐g‐MA) as a compatibilizer is performed in a twin‐screw extruder. Scanning electron micrographs show a fairly good dispersion of TPS in PE matrices in the presence of PE‐g‐MA. However, as the TPS content increases, the starch particle size increases. X‐ray diffraction patterns exhibit that with increase in TPS content, the intensity of the crystallization peaks slightly decreases and consequently crystal sizes of the blends decrease. The rheological analyses indicate that TPS can increase the elasticity and viscosity of the blends. With increasing the amount of TPS, starch particles interactions intensify and as a result the blend interface become weaker which are confirmed by relaxation time spectra and the prediction results of emulsion Palierne and Gramespacher‐Meissner models. It is demonstrated that there is a better agreement between experimental rheological data and Coran model than the emulsion models. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44719.
Enhancement of electrodes modified by electrodepositedPEDOT‐nanowires with dispersedPt nanoparticles for formic acid electro‐oxidation
Authors: Ramírez M. R. Andrés , del Valle M. Angélica , Armijo Francisco , Díaz Fernando R. , Angélica Pardo M. , Ortega Eduardo 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTPreparation of electrodes modified with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires, PEDOT‐nw, was optimized using nanoparticles of dispersed Pt, Pt‐np, to be tested for HCOOH electro‐oxidation. The PEDOT‐nw is electrosynthesized directly on the working electrode, using mesoporous silica as template, by cyclic voltammetry from a 0.01 mol L−1monomer + 0.1 mol L−1tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate solution in acetonitrile, on the Pt|PEDOT|mesoporous silica template previously modified electrodes. Using SEM, the presence of PEDOT nanowires with 20 to 25 nm in diameter was verified. In addition, itsp‐doping response is about 500 times larger than that obtained on the bulk polymer, maintaining full reversibility of the process. The subsequent electrochemical insertion of Pt‐np and formation of Pt‐np with average diameter of about 20 nm, checked by TEM, demonstrated that the catalytic activity of this nanostructured electrode remarkably enhanced HCOOH electro‐oxidation. The obtained current is up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than previously reported in similar studies, using a much smaller amount of Pt and with a potential decrease greater than 100 mV. Thus, we have at our disposal a simple, inexpensive, and highly reproducible way to preparein situnanostructured electrodes using just electrochemical techniques, which can be useful on all the applications of these devices. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 44723.