bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religious Hospitals and Patient Choice
Authors: Sawicki Nadia N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRecent media reports have drawn widespread attention to the experiences of patients who are denied reproductive services at Catholic hospitals. For some patients, such as those experiencing miscarriage, denial of appropriate treatment can lead to serious health consequences. However, many patients are unaware of the limitations on services available at religiously affiliated health care institutions. As a result, patients’ ability to make informed and autonomous decisions about where to seek treatment is hindered. There are currently no federal or state laws requiring health care institutions to inform patients directly of the full scope of medical services they are unable to provide on the basis of religion or conscience. Given religious hospitals’ significant role in the provision of health care in the United States, it is essential that patients be clearly informed about institutional limitations on care. This goal would be best served by adopting a federal disclosure law similar to the Patient Self‐Determination Act.
Getting a Sporting Chance: Title IX and the Intergenerational Transmission of Health
Authors: Schulkind Lisa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe know that healthier mothers tend to have healthier infants, but we do not know how much of that relationship reflects the intergenerational transmission of genetic attributes versus environmental influences. From a policy perspective, it is crucial to understand which environmental influences are important and whether investments in one generation affect outcomes for the next. I use variation in the implementation of Title IX to measure the effects of increased athletic opportunities on the health of infants. Babies born to women with greater athletic opportunities as teenagers have babies that are healthier at birth. They are less likely to be born of low or very low birthweight and have higher Apgar scores. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug loaded nanoparticle coating on totally bioresorbable PLLA stents to prevent in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Zhao Jian , Mo Zhichao , Guo Fangfang , Shi Donglu , Han Qian Qian , Liu Qing 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBiodegradable polymer poly (dl‐lactide) (PDLLA) has been used as drug coating material for drug‐eluting stents due to its excellent biocompatibility and sustained drug release ability. However, the uniform thin layer drug eluting coating on a stent not only inhibits the blood vessel's smooth muscle cell overgrowth but also delay the endotheliation process which is often associated with the occurrence of acute thrombosis. Therefore, in this study, we developed a novel coating method using PDLLA nanoparticles (NPs) as a coating to overcome this issue. The average 300 nm sized sirolimus‐loaded PDLLA nanoparticles were prepared by a conventional emulsion solvent evaporation method. A low temperature plasma polymerization technology to graft hydrophilic polymers on to poly (l‐lactide) stent was used to increase the surface coating efficiency of nanoparticles on the stent. Results showed that sirolimus‐loaded nanoparticles can be successfully coated on to the stents with sustained drug release properties. In vitro cell culture study showed the drug loaded nanoparticle coating effectively inhibited the proliferation of smooth muscle cells while still allowed a faster proliferation of endothelial cells, suggesting that the new NP coated bioresorbable stents have the potential to reduce both the occurrence of in‐stent restenosis and acute thrombosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 88–95, 2018.
A comparative study of software programmes for cross‐sectional skeletal muscle and adipose tissue measurements on abdominal computed tomography scans of rectal cancer patients
Authors: van Vugt Jeroen L.A. , Levolger Stef , Gharbharan Arvind , Koek Marcel , Niessen Wiro J. , Burger Jacobus W.A. , Willemsen Sten P. , de Bruin Ron W.F. , IJzermans Jan N.M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe association between body composition (e.g. sarcopenia or visceral obesity) and treatment outcomes, such as survival, using single‐slice computed tomography (CT)‐based measurements has recently been studied in various patient groups. These studies have been conducted with different software programmes, each with their specific characteristics, of which the inter‐observer, intra‐observer, and inter‐software correlation are unknown. Therefore, a comparative study was performed.MethodsFifty abdominal CT scans were randomly selected from 50 different patients and independently assessed by two observers. Cross‐sectional muscle area (CSMA, i.e. rectus abdominis, oblique and transverse abdominal muscles, paraspinal muscles, and the psoas muscle), visceral adipose tissue area (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue area (SAT) were segmented by using standard Hounsfield unit ranges and computed for regions of interest. The inter‐software, intra‐observer, and inter‐observer agreement for CSMA, VAT, and SAT measurements using FatSeg, OsiriX, ImageJ, and sliceOmatic were calculated using intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland–Altman analyses. Cohen's κ was calculated for the agreement of sarcopenia and visceral obesity assessment. The Jaccard similarity coefficient was used to compare the similarity and diversity of measurements.ResultsBland–Altman analyses and ICC indicated that the CSMA, VAT, and SAT measurements between the different software programmes were highly comparable (ICC 0.979–1.000, P < 0.001). All programmes adequately distinguished between the presence or absence of sarcopenia (κ = 0.88–0.96 for one observer and all κ = 1.00 for all comparisons of the other observer) and visceral obesity (all κ = 1.00). Furthermore, excellent intra‐observer (ICC 0.999–1.000, P < 0.001) and inter‐observer (ICC 0.998–0.999, P < 0.001) agreement for all software programmes were found. Accordingly, excellent Jaccard similarity coefficients were found for all comparisons (mean ≥ 0.964).ConclusionsFatSeg, OsiriX, ImageJ, and sliceOmatic showed an excellent agreement for CSMA, VAT, and SAT measurements on abdominal CT scans. Furthermore, excellent inter‐observer and intra‐observer agreement were achieved. Therefore, results of studies using these different software programmes can reliably be compared.
Skeletal muscle density is an independent predictor of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma outcomes treated with rituximab‐based chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Chu Michael P. , Lieffers Jessica , Ghosh Sunita , Belch Andrew , Chua Neil S. , Fontaine Amelie , Sangha Randeep , Turner Robert A. , Baracos Vickie E. , Sawyer Michael B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundWhile much cancer research focuses on tumours and their microenvironment, malignancies cause widespread physiologic changes. Cancer and treatment‐related sarcopenia, measured with quantitative imaging or as a decrease in overall body mass, are indicative of poor prognosis in elderly diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) may be a better prognostic marker. SMD, a measure of muscle radiation attenuation on CT imaging, is more prognostic than sarcopenia or International Prognostic Index (IPI) scores in follicular lymphoma and multiple solid organ malignancies. Low SMD appears to correlate with fat accumulation in muscle and is associated with inflammation. This study set out to examine SMD's prognostic ability in DLBCL.MethodsAll DLBCL patients treated with rituximab‐containing therapy between 2004 and 2009 were compared to determine SMD's prognostic ability in this single centre, retrospective study. Pre‐treatment CT scans were used to measure SMD and muscle cross‐sectional area. Primary endpoints included progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) while objective response rates (ORR) were secondary.ResultsOf 224 evaluable patients, 116 were identified as having low SMD. Low SMD predicted poorer 5 year PFS, 60 vs. 81% (p = 0.001) and OS, 58 vs. 86% (p < 0.0001). SMD's prognostic ability retained significance in multivariate analysis taking into consideration the Revised International Prognostic Index (R‐IPI) and sex. Although high SMD was not predictive of ORR (95.4 vs. 91.4%, p = 0.17), it was strongly associated with radiographic complete response (85 vs. 66%, p = 0.0007). Contrary to previous findings, sarcopenia did not predict for poorer OS but suggested improved OS in elderly DLBCL patients (HR 0.38, p = 0.01).ConclusionsSMD is a novel prognostic (and potentially treatment predictive) marker independent of R‐IPI in DLBCL. It presents an inexpensive yet complementary assessment to R‐IPI for prognosticating DLBCL outcomes.
Sonographic appearance of pyomyositis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle: A case report
Authors: Sakaida Hiroshi , Matsuda Yasunori , Takeuchi Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTPyomyositis in the neck has rarely been described. We present the sonographic findings in a case of pyomyositis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. A 62‐year‐old man with poorly controlled diabetes presented with an induration of the neck and fever. On gray‐scale sonography, a part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle appeared swollen and contained irregularly shaped hypoechoic areas. Power Doppler imaging showed increased vascularity in the muscle. Sonographic‐guided aspiration confirmed abscesses in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Surgical drainage was successfully performed along with antibiotic treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:520–523, 2017
Bonding performance of universal adhesives to er,cr:YSGG laser‐irradiated enamel
Authors: Ayar Muhammet Kerim , Erdemir Fatih 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUniversal adhesives have been recently introduced for use as self‐etch or etch‐and‐rinse adhesives depending on the dental substrate and clinical condition. However, their bonding effectiveness to laser‐irradiated enamel is still not well‐known. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of universal adhesives (Single Bond Universal; Nova Compo‐B Plus) applied to Er,Cr:YSGG laser‐irradiated enamel with SBS of the same adhesives applied in self‐etch and acid‐etching modes, respectively. Crown segments of sixty bovine incisors were embedded into standardized acrylic blocks. Flattened enamel surfaces were prepared. Specimens were divided into six groups according to universal adhesives and application modes randomly (n = 10), as follows: Single Bond Universal/acid‐etching mode; Nova Compo‐B Plus/acid‐etching mode; Single Bond Universal/self‐etching mode; Nova Compo‐B Plus/self‐etching mode; and Single Bond Universal/Er,Cr:YSGG Laser‐etching mode; Nova Compo‐B Plus/Er,Cr:YSGG Laser‐etching mode. After surface treatments, universal adhesives were applied onto surfaces. SBS was determined after storage in water for 24 h using a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm min−1. Failure modes were evaluated using a stereomicroscope. Data was analyzed using two‐way of analyses of variances (ANOVA) (p = 0.05). Two‐way ANOVA revealed that adhesive had no effect on SBS (p = 0.88), but application mode significantly influenced SBS (p = 0.00). Acid‐etching significantly increased SBS, whereas there are no significant differences between self‐etch mode and laser‐etching for both adhesives. The bond strength of universal adhesives may depend on application mode. Acid etching may significantly increase bond strength, while laser etching may provide similar bond strength when compared to self‐etch mode.
Recreating Sink Areas on Semiarid Degraded Slopes by Restoration
Authors: Fuentes David , Smanis Athanasios , Valdecantos Alejandro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe patchy distribution of semiarid ecosystems determines productivity and controls the retention of resources within the system. Resource fluxes depend on a number of biophysical and soil variables, besides the amount and intensity of particular rainfall events. At two Mediterranean experimental sites with contrasted composition and spatial vegetation arrangement, we evaluated a straightforward way to simplify some of these processes by using different planting techniques that modify the runoff generation threshold and redirect runoff towards the planting hole (M) and enhance the water infiltration and conservation in it (MDW). Traditional planting technique (H) and M were combined with the addition of composted biosolids. Soil moisture was increased with treatments during drought periods in the first 2 years after planting with mean values of 10·1, 8·9 and 6·9% in MDW, M and H, respectively. Lower landscape organization values at the site resulted in sinks being more efficient at retaining resources, with 3·68‐fold more organic matter accumulation on the soil surface of the planting hole, better growth of theOlea europaea‐planted seedlings and a better response to compost application in MDW than in H. At the site with better landscape organization, planting techniques only showed improvement in seedling survival (+20% in MDW than in H). We discuss ecosystem properties, such as plant composition and spatial arrangement, that determine the effectiveness of these techniques as dryland restoration tools and the hierarchy between water and nutrients as essential resources in these semiarid Mediterranean areas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lab on Fiber Technology for biological sensing applications
Authors: Vaiano Patrizio , Carotenuto Benito , Pisco Marco , Ricciardi Armando , Quero Giuseppe , Consales Marco , Crescitelli Alessio , Esposito Emanuela , Cusano Andrea 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis review presents an overview of “Lab on Fiber” technologies and devices with special focus on the design and development of advanced fiber optic nanoprobes for biological applications. Depending on the specific location where functional materials at micro and nanoscale are integrated, “Lab on Fiber Technology” is classified into three main paradigms: Lab on Tip (where functional materials are integrated onto the optical fiber tip), Lab around Fiber (where functional materials are integrated on the outer surface of optical fibers), and Lab in Fiber (where functional materials are integrated within the holey structure of specialty optical fibers).This work reviews the strategies, the main achievements and related devices developed in the “Lab on Fiber” roadmap, discussing perspectives and challenges that lie ahead, with special focus on biological sensing applications.image
Near infrared photodetectors based on sub‐gap absorption in organohalide perovskite single crystals
Authors: Lin Qianqian , Armin Ardalan , Burn Paul L. , Meredith Paul 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOrganohalide perovskite optoelectronics based upon large (mm‐sized) single crystals present exciting opportunities for new device platforms and fundamental studies. Herein, we report CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3 single crystals prepared via an inverse temperature crystallization method with strong near infrared photoresponses significantly below the optical gap. Light intensity dependent photocurrent measurements reveal the photoresponse is not a two‐photon phenomenon, but rather is derived from a linear mechanism. The effect (including responsivity and speed) is enhanced in a photoresistor architecture, indicating that the photoresponse is due to absorption into surface trap states in the crystal. Without any optimisation, respectable NIR responsivities at room temperature of ∼10‐2 A W−1 at a low 1V bias operating voltage are achieved. These results again demonstrate the remarkable potential of organohalide perovskites as light sensing materials, and the possibilities for engineering a new class of single crystal‐based optoelectronics.
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Synthesis of Site‐Specific Dye‐Labeled Polymer via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) for Quantitative Characterization of the Well‐Defined Interchain Distance
Authors: Sha Ye , Qi Dongliang , Luo Shaochuan , Sun Xinghua , Wang Xiaoliang , Xue Gi , Zhou Dongshan 
Published: November 2016

Novel difunctional initiators that incorporate Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs are generated to carry out atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate, and n‐butyl methacrylate monomers by an efficient manner. Based on the chemical structures of the initiators, the locations of the fluorophore moiety are dictated to be in the center of the chain with accurately quantified chain functionality (>90% labeling ratio). The site‐specific integration of FRET dyes into separate polymer chain centers allows for characterization of the well‐defined interchain distance quantitatively based on the response between these fluorescent probes. The reliability of this technique is verified in bulk state, which is in well agreement with the theoretical ones. This well‐defined FRET system is expected to be a promising candidate to provide a distinct physical image at a microscopic level regarding scaling chain dimension, chain interpenetration, and polymer compatibility.
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Allosteric Modulation: An Alternate Approach Targeting the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor
Authors: Nguyen Thuy , Li Jun‐Xu , Thomas Brian F. , Wiley Jenny L. , Kenakin Terry P. , Zhang Yanan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe cannabinoid CB1 receptor is a G protein coupled receptor and plays an important role in many biological processes and physiological functions. A variety of CB1 receptor agonists and antagonists, including endocannabinoids, phytocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids, have been discovered or developed over the past 20 years. In 2005, it was discovered that the CB1 receptor contains allosteric site(s) that can be recognized by small molecules or allosteric modulators. A number of CB1 receptor allosteric modulators, both positive and negative, have since been reported and importantly, they display pharmacological characteristics that are distinct from those of orthosteric agonists and antagonists. Given the psychoactive effects commonly associated with CB1 receptor agonists and antagonists/inverse agonists, allosteric modulation may offer an alternate approach to attain potential therapeutic benefits while avoiding inherent side effects of orthosteric ligands. This review details the complex pharmacological profiles of these allosteric modulators, their structure–activity relationships, and efforts in elucidating binding modes and mechanisms of actions of reported CB1 allosteric modulators. The ultimate development of CB1 receptor allosteric ligands could potentially lead to improved therapies for CB1‐mediated neurological disorders.
A comprehensive global genotype–phenotype database for rare diseases
Authors: Trujillano Daniel , Oprea Gabriela‐Elena , Schmitz Yvonne , Bertoli‐Avella Aida M. , Abou Jamra Rami , Rolfs Arndt 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to discover genetic variants in a patient runs far ahead of the ability to interpret them. Databases with accurate descriptions of the causal relationship between the variants and the phenotype are valuable since these are critical tools in clinical genetic diagnostics. Here, we introduce a comprehensive and global genotype–phenotype database focusing on rare diseases.MethodsThis database (CentoMD®) is a browser‐based tool that enables access to a comprehensive, independently curated system utilizing stringent high‐quality criteria and a quickly growing repository of genetic and human phenotype ontology (HPO)‐based clinical information. Its main goals are to aid the evaluation of genetic variants, to enhance the validity of the genetic analytical workflow, to increase the quality of genetic diagnoses, and to improve evaluation of treatment options for patients with hereditary diseases. The database software correlates clinical information from consented patients and probands of different geographical backgrounds with a large dataset of genetic variants and, when available, biomarker information. An automated follow‐up tool is incorporated that informs all users whenever a variant classification has changed. These unique features fully embedded in a CLIA/CAP‐accredited quality management system allow appropriate data quality and enhanced patient safety.ResultsMore than 100,000 genetically screened individuals are documented in the database, resulting in more than 470 million variant detections. Approximately, 57% of the clinically relevant and uncertain variants in the database are novel. Notably, 3% of the genetic variants identified and previously reported in the literature as being associated with a particular rare disease were reclassified, based on internal evidence, as clinically irrelevant.ConclusionsThe database offers a comprehensive summary of the clinical validity and causality of detected gene variants with their associated phenotypes, and is a valuable tool for identifying new disease genes through the correlation of novel genetic variants with specific, well‐defined phenotypes.
A simpler GMRES and its adaptive variant for shifted linear systems
Authors: Jing Yan‐Fei , Yuan Pei , Huang Ting‐Zhu 
Published: November 2016

SummaryA variant of the simpler GMRES method is developed for solving shifted linear systems (SGMRES‐Sh), exhibiting almost the same advantage of the simpler GMRES method over the regular GMRES method. Because the remedy adapted by GMRES‐Sh is no longer feasible for SGMRES‐Sh due to the differences between simpler GMRES and GMRES for constructing the residual vectors of linear systems, we take an alternative strategy to force the residual vectors of the add system also be orthogonal to the subspaces, to which the residual vectors of the seed system are orthogonal when the seed system is solved with the simpler GMRES method. In addition, a seed selection strategy is also employed for solving the rest non‐converged linear systems. Furthermore, an adaptive version of SGMRES‐Sh is presented for the purpose of improving the stability of SGMRES‐Sh based on the technique of the adaptive choice of the Krylov subspace basis developed for the adaptive simpler GMRES. Numerical experiments demonstrate the benefits of the presented methods.
Differential association between sarcopenia and metabolic phenotype in Korean young and older adults with and without obesity
Authors: Hwang You‐Cheol , Cho In‐Jin , Jeong In‐Kyung , Ahn Kyu Jeung , Chung Ho Yeon 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether sarcopenia was associated with metabolic phenotype in subjects with and without obesity.MethodsA total of 6,021 participants (2,592 men, 3,429 women) aged 30 to 93 years were assessed using data from the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Sarcopenia was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by weight (%) that is <1 SD below the sex‐specific mean for young adults. Metabolically unhealthy was defined as ≥2 components of metabolic syndrome or the presence of hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m2.ResultsSarcopenia was associated with a metabolically unhealthy phenotype in nonobese men independent of age, smoking, regular physical activity, daily energy intake, total body fat, fasting insulin, non‐HDL cholesterol, white blood cell count, ferritin level, and 25(OH) vitamin D level (OR per 1 SD increment (95% CI) 1.88 (1.28–2.75), P < 0.01), but this association was confounded by and not independent of total body fat in nonobese women. Sarcopenia was not associated with a metabolically unhealthy phenotype in subjects with obesity.ConclusionsSarcopenia was independently associated with a metabolically unhealthy phenotype in nonobese men, but this association was not evident in nonobese women or subjects with obesity.