bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Werkzame principes
Authors: Rol Menno 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Working principles: Building scientific memories in social research

Internal and external validity of experimental and quasi-experimental research are both essential in the evaluation of interventions; this is true in such diverse practices as social policy and pharmacology. However, they may trade-off if the quest for internal validity brings about the treatment of contextual variables – that helped to make or fail the intervention – as competing with the intervention instead of necessary for its success. Investment in internal validity takes the form of many types of correction for bias, often obscuring the role of contextual factors.
As helping factors make or break the intervention, they should rather be treated as causal factors of interest no less than the intervention. I claim that, only then, the conclusions of the (quasi)experiment can serve to gain knowledge of working principles in a variety of contexts.
Correction for bias is useful, but only if the evaluation of the success of an intervention is theory driven. Ex ante explanatory hypotheses must be the starting point of evaluation research and testing them the object of it. Thus, the empirical cycle is covered entirely. If no theoretical hypotheses guide the questions of evaluation research, all we will learn is that ‘most interventions sometimes work’, to speak with Pawson and Tilley (1997). What we are left with is little more than meaningless intervention-impact couples that cover half the empirical cycle lacking any cognitive value.
De eenheid van een gedachte
Authors: Mulder Jesse M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

The Unity of a Thought. On the Relation Between Logic and Metaphysics, and the Nature of Thought

What does the unity of a thought consist in? The analytic tradition typically accepts the Fregean answer to this question: a thought is, in the fundamental case, the result of applying a concept to an appropriate range of objects. Yet upon reflection this turns out to be insufficient. I follow Rödl’s exploration of the unity of temporal thoughts, which shows this unity to be differentiated in such a way as to give rise to the basic metaphysical categories of time, causality, essence, and power. These considerations seem to warrant three conclusions: first, reality is conceptual in nature; second, metaphysics and logic are one and the same subject; and third, these two conclusions are to be taken in an absolute metaphysical sense.
Homo Sacer, Homo Magus, and the Ethics of Philosophical Archaeology
Authors: Leib Robert S. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Philosophical archaeology, which was first developed into a workable formulation by Michel Foucault (1966), is a method of modern historiography that engages the production of its own origin (and destiny). For this reason, however, the manner in which the figure of “man” is inscribed by a thinker upon its episteme is never ethically neutral. Giorgio Agamben's production of a figure without speech, homo sacer, delivers the Western political subject into a powerless political destiny, leaving thinkers who accept this paradigm to grope blindly after a rarified concept of “whatever” community. We must give an alternative archaeology of political speech to avoid this fate. Thus, I propose an archaeological account of a figure that is in essential possession of its own speech. This paradigmatic figure is what I call the magician, or homo magus.
Ta-Nehisi Coates's Phenomenology of the Body
Authors: Haile James B. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
The publication of Ta-Nehisi Coates's Between the World and Me (2015) has been met with mixed and widespread reviews and reactions. Responses have ranged from a critique of his “pessimism” to a grand celebratory remark announcing him as the next great intellectual and social critic in the mold of James Baldwin. Yet there are few reviews that have acknowledged Coates's project as a materialist cosmology of the body, meaning that while Coates embraces terrestriality over transcendence, he nevertheless sees great possibilities in the body, the greatest of which is the creation and destruction of “galaxies of reality.” More than just examining race and race relations in the midst of one of the highest incidences of black death, Coates's book examines the meaning of this lived reality at the level of the body and its capacities to both open up and close down material possibilities of life and death. This article will investigate the meaning of the body in Coates's book, its relationship to “race,” and will argue that while Coates does not offer us a solution to the problem of racial embodiment, he does offer the idea that one can and must make peace within the chaos of existence.
Research-Embedded Health Librarians as Facilitators of a Multidisciplinary Scoping Review
Authors: Brander Gina , Pawliuk Colleen 
Published: August 2017

Program objective: To advance the methodology and improve the data management of the scoping review through the integration of two health librarians onto the clinical research team. Participants and setting: Two librarians were embedded on a multidisciplinary, geographically dispersed pediatric palliative and end-of-life research team conducting a scoping review headquartered at the British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute. Program: The team’s embedded librarians guided and facilitated all stages of a scoping review of 180 Q3 conditions and 10 symptoms. Outcomes: The scoping review was enhanced in quality and efficiency through the integration of librarians onto the team. Conclusions: Health librarians embedded on clinical research teams can help guide and facilitate the scoping review process to improve workflow management and overall methodology. Librarians are particularly well equipped to solve challenges arising from large data sets, broad research questions with a high level of specificity, and geographically dispersed team members. Knowledge of emerging and established citation-screening and bibliographic software and review tools can help librarians to address these challenges and provide efficient workflow management.
Validated Analytical Methods for the Determination of Drugs Used in the Treatment of Hyperemesis Gravidarum in Multiple Formulations
Authors: Saad Ahmed S , Naguib Ibrahim A , Draz Mohammed E , Zaazaa Hala E , Lashien Adel S 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Quantitative multicomponent analysis is considered an analytical goal to save time and cost in analysis. Hence, this work aimed to provide sensitive and selective UV-spectrophotometric, chemometric manipulation, and ultra-performance LC (UPLC) methods for the determination of well-known coformulated antiemetics used in pregnancy, namely pyridoxine HCl (PYR), meclozine HCl, and cyclizine. The developed UV-spectrophotometric methods are dual wavelength in ratio spectra and first derivative of the ratio spectra with which PYR was determined selectively at 290.8 nm, whereas the other drugs in a ternary mixture were determined from their ratio spectra using a spectrum of PYR as a divisor in 0.1 M HCl. An ecofriendly partial least-squares regression chemometric method was applied to raw UV absorbance data for the determination of the ternary mixture in a 218–355 nm range using a three-factor, three-level design with water as the green solvent. A gradient UPLC method was developed and successfully resolved the ternary mixture within 5 min. Different ratios of water (adjusted to pH 3 with phosphoric acid) and methanol were delivered at 0.5 mL/min as the mobile phase into a Hypersil Gold C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.9 µm). The developed methods were successfully applied to different pharmaceutical formulations containing the aforementioned drugs and validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The results obtained were reproducible and reliable and can be applied for routine analysis and QC in laboratories.
Effect of yoga and aerobics exercise on sleep quality in women with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ebrahimi Mohsen , Guilan-Nejad Tayebe Nazari , Pordanjani Abbas Foroughi 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was investigating the effect of 12 weeks of yoga and aerobic exercise (running on a treadmill) on the sleep quality in women with Type 2 diabetes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS 39 diabetic women were selected from Semnan city with the mean age of 46.85±3.35 years, weight of 69.79±17.18 kg, height of 155.03±5.00, BMI of 29.64±5.00 kg/m2 who had a background of diabetes for 6.46±2.69 years. They were then randomly divided into yoga exercise (n=15), aerobic exercise (n=13), and control group (n=11). The exercise program was performed for 12 weeks, three sessions per each week. In order to measure the sleep quality, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used. The data were analyzed by non-parametric wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis Test at significance level of p<0.05.
RESULTS Overall score of sleep quality improved after six (p=0.001) and 12 (p=0.001) weeks of yoga exercise. Also, significant effect was observed after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise (p=0.039). However, the positive effect was diminished to under significant levels after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise (p=0.154). Kruskal-Wallis Test showed significant differences between yoga and aerobic groups after 12 weeks of exercise (p=0.002). No significant differences were observed in control groups in all situation.
CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that yoga exercise is more effective in improving the sleep quality in comparison with the same course of aerobic exercise in women suffering from diabetes Type 2. Thus, yoga exercise can be suggested to these patients.
Heart rate variability in restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements of Sleep
Authors: Barone Daniel A. , Ebben Matthew R. , DeGrazia Miles , Mortara David , Krieger Ana C. 
Published: August 2017

INTRODUCTION The relationship between the autonomic nervous system and restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS) consists of varied and somewhat conflicting reports. In order to further elucidate these complexities, a retrospective analysis of polysomnography (PSG) records and clinical data was performed.
METHODS Records from 233 adult subjects were randomly selected and organized into one of four groups ("non-RLS/PLMS" [n=61], "RLS" [n=60], "PLMS" [n=58], and "RLS/PLMS" [n=54]). Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was based on 5-minute samples of 2-lead electrocardiogram data isolated from PSG recordings during wakefulness and NREM sleep, and included mean RR interval (labeled "NN") and standard deviation of the RR intervals (labeled "SDNN"), and HRV power, very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF) spectral bands.
RESULTS A significant reduction in the VLF band in the PLMS group as compared to the non-RLS/PLMS group (542±674 vs. 969±1025 ms2, p=0.038) was found in wakefulness. Statistically significant differences were seen in the PLMS group as compared to the non-RLS/PLMS group with a reduction in SDNN (p=0.001) and the HF (p=0.001) band, and an increase in HRV power (p=0.001), and the VLF (p=0.005) and LF (p=0.001) bands in NREM sleep.
CONCLUSIONS The PLMS group exhibited reduced basal sympathetic activity in wakefulness, but basal sympathetic predominance during NREM sleep, distinguishing this group from the RLS and RLS/PLMS groups.
Sleep associated monitoring on awakening mediates the relationship between cutaneous body image dissatisfaction and insomnia symptoms
Authors: Akram Umair 
Published: August 2017

INTRODUCTION This study examined the relationship between dissatisfaction with cutaneous body image and insomnia symptoms, incorporating the mediating role of monitoring for signs of poor-sleep on awakening and throughout the day.
METHODS Two hundred twenty-one participants completed The Insomnia Severity Index, Cutaneous Body Image Scale, and subscales of the Sleep Associated Monitoring Index.
RESULTS The results demonstrated that insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with a greater dissatisfaction with cutaneous body image. Moreover, this relationship was partially mediated by sleep associated monitoring on awakening, but not throughout the day.
CONCLUSIONS These findings provide further understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying negative self-perceptions of physical appearance in insomnia.
Conexões entre desastres ecológicos, vulnerabilidade ambiental e direitos humanos: novas perspectivas
Authors: Salles Cavedon Fernanda , Stanziola Vieira Ricardo 
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho aborda a vulnerabilidade ambiental ante os desastres ecológicos como fator de violação de direitos humanos. Analisa as relações entre desastres ecológicos, vul- nerabilidade, direitos humanos e direito ambiental a par r da jus ça ambiental. Apresenta como perspec vas para uma resposta jurídica aos desastres ecológicos numa dimensão de jus ça ambiental a jurisprudência da Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos quanto à proteção do direito à vida diante dos desastres ecológicos, e a criação de um estatuto jurídico internacional referente aos deslocamentos ambientais gerados por esses desastres, enfa zando a contribuição do Projeto de Convenção sobre o Estatuto Internacional dos Deslocados Ambientais.
Case Report: Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder as the First Manifestation of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Enriquez-Marulanda Alejandro , Quintana-Peña Valentina , Takeuchi Yuri , Quiñones Jairo 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterized by brief recurrent episodes of loss of muscle atonia during rapid eye movement sleep, with enacted dreams that cause sleep disruption. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have an increased risk compared with the general population to be affected by a sleep disturbance, including RBD. Patients affected, however, uncommonly can present RBD as the first clinical manifestation of MS without other neurologic deficits. These clinical presentations have usually been attributed to inflammatory lesions in the pedunculopontine nuclei, located in the dorsal pons. We present a case of RBD in a 38-year-old woman who was later diagnosed as having MS due to imaging findings and development of focal neurologic deficits. MS should be considered among the differential diagnoses in patients who present with symptoms of RBD, particularly if they are young and female.
Early prediction of extreme stratospheric polar vortex states based on causal precursors
Authors: Kretschmer Marlene , Runge Jakob , Coumou Dim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVariability in the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) can influence the tropospheric circulation and thereby winter weather. Early predictions of extreme SPV states are thus important to improve forecasts of winter weather including cold spells. However, dynamical models are usually restricted in lead time because they poorly capture low‐frequency processes. Empirical models often suffer from overfitting problems as the relevant physical processes and time lags are often not well understood. Here we introduce a novel empirical prediction method by uniting a response‐guided community detection scheme with a causal discovery algorithm. This way, we objectively identify causal precursors of the SPV at subseasonal lead times and find them to be in good agreement with known physical drivers. A linear regression prediction model based on the causal precursors can explain most SPV variability (r2 = 0.58), and our scheme correctly predicts 58% (46%) of extremely weak SPV states for lead times of 1–15 (16–30) days with false‐alarm rates of only approximately 5%. Our method can be applied to any variable relevant for (sub)seasonal weather forecasts and could thus help improving long‐lead predictions.
Induction signals from Callisto's ionosphere and their implications on a possible subsurface ocean
Authors: Hartkorn Oliver , Saur Joachim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe investigate whether induction within Callisto's electrically conductive ionosphere can explain observed magnetic fields which have previously been interpreted as evidence of induction in a saline, electrically conductive subsurface ocean. Callisto's ionosphere is subject to the flow of time‐periodic magnetized plasma of Jupiter's magnetosphere, which induces electric fields and electric currents in Callisto's electrically conductive ionosphere. We develop a simple analytic model for a first quantitative understanding of the effects of induction in Callisto's ionosphere caused by the interaction with a time‐variable magnetic field environment. With this model, we also investigate how the associated ionospheric currents close in the ambient magnetospheric plasma. Based on our model, we find that the anisotropic nature of Callisto's ionospheric conductivity generates an enhancement effect on ionospheric loop currents which are driven by the time‐variable magnetic field. This effect is similar to the Cowling channel effect known from Earth's ionosphere. Subsequently, we numerically calculate the expected induced magnetic fields due to Jupiter's time‐variable magnetic field in an anisotropic conductive ionosphere and compare our results with the Galileo C‐3 and C‐9 flybys. We find that induction within Callisto's ionosphere is responsible for a significant part of the observed magnetic fields. Ionospheric induction creates induced magnetic fields to some extent similar as expected from a subsurface water ocean. Depending on currently unknown properties such as Callisto's nightside ionosphere, the existence of layers of “dirty ice” and the details of the plasma interaction, a water ocean might be located much deeper than previously thought or might not exist at all.
A hybrid approach to empirical magnetosphere modeling
Authors: Tsyganenko N. A. , Andreeva V. A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA new approach has been devised and explored to reconstruct magnetospheric configurations, based on spacecraft data and a synthesis of two methods of modeling the magnetic field of extraterrestrial currents. The main idea is to combine within a single framework (1) a modular structure explicitly representing separate contributions to the total field from the magnetopause, ring, tail, and field‐aligned currents, and (2) a system of densely distributed field sources, modeled by the radial basis functions (RBF). In such an arrangement, the modular part takes on a role of the principal component representing the gross large‐scale structure of the magnetosphere, whereas the RBF part serves as a higher‐order correction that compensates for the lack of flexibility of the modular component. The approach has been tested on four subsets of spacecraft data, corresponding to four phases of a geomagnetic storm, and was shown to tangibly improve the model's performance. In particular, it allows proper representation of magnetic effects of the field‐aligned currents both at low altitudes and in the distant magnetosphere, as well as inclusion of extensive high‐latitude field depressions associated with diamagnetism of the polar cusp plasma, missing in earlier empirical models. It also helps to more accurately model the nightside magnetosphere, so that most of the large‐scale magnetotail field is compactly described by a dedicated module inherited from an earlier empirical model, while the RBF component's task is to resolve finer details in the inner magnetosphere.
Extracellular Hyaluronic Acid Influences the Efficacy of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in a Biomaterial Model of Glioblastoma
Authors: Pedron Sara , Hanselman Jacob S. , Schroeder Mark A. , Sarkaria Jann N. , Harley Brendan A. C. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract3D biomaterial models have potential to explore the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient‐derived cells. Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly heterogeneous, with both cell composition and extracellular matrix biophysical factors seen as key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes. Amplification, overexpression, and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been identified in 50% of GBM patients. Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide‐functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient‐derived xenograft cells. The in vitro behavior of 3 patient‐derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants is characterized: GBM10 (EGFR, wild type), GBM12 (EGFR+), and GBM6 (EGFRvIII). GelMA hydrogels support xenograft culture; cells remain viable, active, respond to matrix‐immobilized HA, and upregulate genes associated with matrix remodeling and tumor growth. Interestingly, matrix‐immobilized HA alters the response of GBM cells to a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib. While constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells are sensitive to TKI in gelatin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid mediated adhesive signaling interacts with EGFRvIII signaling to increase cell metabolic activity, increase soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis, and modify response to erlotinib exposure.
The effect of long working hours on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease; A case‐crossover study
Authors: Shin Kyong‐sok , Chung Yun kyung , Kwon Young‐Jun , Son Jun‐Seok , Lee Se‐hoon 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThis study investigated the relationship between weekly working hours and the occurrence of cerebro‐cardiovascular diseases using a case‐crossover study design.MethodsWe investigated average working hours during the 7 days before the onset of illness (hazard period) and average weekly working hours between 8 days and 3 months before the onset of cerebro‐cardiovascular diseases (control period) for 1,042 cases from the workers’ compensation database for 2009.ResultsAmong all subjects, the odds ratio by conditional logistic regression for the risk of cerebro‐cardiovascular diseases with a 10 hr increase in average weekly working hours was 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–1.72), a significant association.ConclusionsAn increase in average weekly working hours may trigger the onset of cerebro‐cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:753–761, 2017. © 2017. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond the BET Family: Targeting CBP/p300 with 4‐Acyl Pyrroles
Authors: Hügle Martin , Lucas Xavier , Ostrovskyi Dmytro , Regenass Pierre , Gerhardt Stefan , Einsle Oliver , Hau Mirjam , Jung Manfred , Breit Bernhard , Günther Stefan , Wohlwend Daniel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBromodomain and extra‐terminal domain (BET) inhibitors are widely used both as chemical tools to study the biological role of their targets in living organisms and as candidates for drug development against several cancer variants and human disorders. However, non‐BET bromodomains such as those in p300 and CBP are less studied. XDM‐CBP is a highly potent and selective inhibitor for the bromodomains of CBP and p300 derived from a pan‐selective BET BRD‐binding fragment. Along with X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis and thermodynamic profiling, XDM‐CBP was used in screenings of several cancer cell lines in vitro to study its inhibitory potential on cancer cell proliferation. XDM‐CBP is demonstrated to be a potent and selective CBP/p300 inhibitor that acts on specific cancer cell lines, in particular malignant melanoma, breast cancer, and leukemia.