bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of weight stigma on physiological and psychological health outcomes for overweight and obese adults: A systematic review
Authors: Wu Ya‐Ke , Berry Diane C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimTo summarize the associations between weight stigma and physiological and psychological health for individuals who are overweight or obese.BackgroundWeight stigma can be defined as individuals experiencing verbal or physical abuse secondary to being overweight or obese. Weight stigma has negative consequences for both physiological and psychological health.DesignA quantitative systematic review.Data sourcesPubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and MEDLINE from 1 January 2008 ‐ 30 July 2016.Review methodsA systematic review was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, the PRISMA statement guidelines and the quality assessment from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Inclusion criteria consisted of quantitative studies that examined the associations between weight stigma and physiological and psychological health outcomes in adults who were overweight or obese. Exclusion criteria consisted of qualitative studies, literature reviews, expert opinions, editorials and reports on weight stigma without health outcomes or with behavioural outcomes and intervention studies that reduced weight stigma. A quality appraisal of the selected studies was conducted.ResultsA total of 33 studies met the eligibility criteria. Weight stigma was positively associated with obesity, diabetes risk, cortisol level, oxidative stress level, C‐reactive protein level, eating disturbances, depression, anxiety, body image dissatisfaction and negatively associated with self‐esteem among overweight and obese adults.ConclusionWeight stigma is associated with adverse physiological and psychological outcomes. This conclusion highlights the need to increase public and professional awareness about the issue of weight stigma and the importance of the further development of assessment and prevention strategies of weight stigma.
The mental health of adolescents with and without mild/moderate intellectual disabilities in England: Secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Hatton Chris , Emerson Eric , Robertson Janet , Baines Susannah 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundChildren with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities are at greater risk for mental health problems, with socio‐economic factors and adversity partly accounting for this. Fewer data are available for adolescents.MethodsSecondary analysis was undertaken of the Next Steps annual panel study following a cohort through adolescence into adulthood containing self‐report mental health data up to age 16/17. Participants with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities were identified through data linkage with educational records.ResultsAdolescents with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities were more likely than non‐disabled peers to experience socio‐economic disadvantage and bullying. Incidence rates of mental health problems were generally not significantly different between adolescents with and without intellectual disabilities.ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with higher rates of persistent mental health problems beginning earlier among children with intellectual disabilities. Greater attention needs to be paid to the timecourse of mental health problems, and the impact of socio‐economic factors, family and peers on mental health.
Carboplatin and programmed death‐ligand 1 blockade synergistically produce a similar antitumor effect to carboplatin alone in murine ID8 ovarian cancer model
Authors: Zhu Xinxin , Xu Jia , Cai Han , Lang Jinghe 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimIn advanced, platinum resistant or refractory ovarian cancer (OC), the therapeutic efficacy of carboplatin is controversial. Although anti‐programmed death‐1/programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) pathway blockages show great potential in cancer treatment, the antitumor effect of single anti‐PD‐L1 pathway monoclonal antibody (mAb) is not obvious in advanced or some poorly immunogenic tumors, including OC. We compared the effects of single or combined carboplatin and anti‐PD‐L1 mAb treatments and explored the possible antitumor mechanisms in a murine ID8 OC model.Methods
C57BL/6 mice with established peritoneal ID8 OC were intraperitoneally injected with single or combined carboplatin and anti‐PD‐L1 mAb. The formation time of ascites and their overall survival were recorded. The compositions of tumor‐associated immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsA single treatment of carboplatin and combined carboplatin/PD‐L1 mAb induced a strong anti‐ascites response. Mice treated with carboplatin presented the longest overall survival, followed by the combined remedy. Mechanistic investigation of the tumor microenvironment revealed that carboplatin and carboplatin/PD‐L1 mAb increased antitumor effector CD4+, CD8+ T cells and decreased immunosuppressive regulatory T and myeloid suppressor cells, giving rise to remarkably higher ratios of effector CD4+, CD8+ T cells to regulatory T cells and myeloid suppressor cells in the peritoneal cavity.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first report to compare the antitumor effect and potential mechanisms between carboplatin, PD‐L1 mAb and their combination strategies in a murine ID8 OC model. The results of this study may deepen our understanding of OC and aid future preclinical experiments or clinical trials.
Granulocytic anaplasmosis in 63 dogs: clinical signs, laboratory results, therapy and course of disease
Authors: Chirek A. , Silaghi C. , Pfister K. , Kohn B. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo describe the clinical signs, laboratory results, therapy and course of disease in dogs with canine granulocytic anaplasmosis in which co‐infections had been excluded.MethodsMedical records of dogs naturally infected withAnaplasma phagocytophilumwere retrospectively evaluated with regard to clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities at the time of presentation, therapy and course of disease.ResultsNine hundred and seventy‐four dogs with clinical signs suspicious for canine granulocytic anaplasmosis were tested forA. phagocytophilumDNA by modified real‐time PCR; 72 dogs had a positive result. Nine of the positive dogs were excluded from further evaluation due to other diseases or lack of data. The most common clinical signs in the 63A. phagocytophilum‐positive dogs included in the study were lethargy and reduced activity (83%), fever (67%) and inappetence (63%). Thrombocytopenia was the most common laboratory abnormality (86%), followed by increased liver enzyme activities and hyperbilirubinaemia (77%), anaemia (70%), hypoalbuminaemia (62%) and leucocytosis (27%). Of 36 thrombocytopenic dogs tested for platelet‐bound antibodies, 44% were positive. Of the 63 infected dogs, 59 (97%) recovered, two dogs died (epileptic seizures and immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia) and two were lost to follow‐up.Clinical SignificanceIn areas where it is endemic, canine granulocytic anaplasmosis should be considered as a potential cause of acute nonspecific clinical signs or immune‐mediated disease if tick exposure cannot be excluded.
Assessing sleep quality using self‐report and actigraphy in PTSD
Authors: Slightam Cindie , Petrowski Katja , Jamison Andrea L. , Keller Marius , Bertram Franziska , Kim Sunyoung , Roth Walton T. 
Published: November 2017

SummarySleep disturbance is commonly reported by participants with post‐traumatic stress disorder, but objective evidence of poor sleep is often absent. Here we compared self‐report and actigraphic evaluations of sleep between veterans with post‐traumatic stress disorder and controls. Participants reported their sleep retrospectively for the month before the recording night and on the recording night. On the recording night, they wore an Actiwatch‐64 and were instructed to press the marker button upon getting into bed, each time they awoke, and at their final awakening. The post‐traumatic stress disorder group reported much worse sleep than controls on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for the previous month and somewhat poorer sleep on the recording night. However, on the recording night, neither diary nor actigraphic measures of number of awakenings, total time in bed, nor time lying awake after sleep onset differed between participants with and without post‐traumatic stress disorder. Diary‐reported number of awakenings was fewer than actigraphically captured awakenings. These results suggest a memory bias towards remembering worse sleep on the nights before the recording night.
Reestablishment of individual sleep structure during a single 14‐h recovery sleep episode after 58 h of wakefulness
Authors: Hennecke Eva , Elmenhorst David , Mendolia Franco , Putzke Matthias , Bauer Andreas , Aeschbach Daniel , Elmenhorst Eva‐Maria 
Published: November 2017

SummarySleep structure is highly stable within individuals but different between individuals. The present study investigated robustness of the individual sleep structure to extended total sleep deprivation. Seventeen healthy men spent a baseline night (23:00–07:00 hours), 58 h of sleep deprivation and a 14‐h recovery night (17:00–07:00 hours) in the laboratory. Intraclass correlation coefficients showed that the agreement between baseline and recovery with respect to the proportion of the different sleep stages increased as a function of recovery sleep duration. High values were reached for most of the sleep stages at the end of 14 h of recovery sleep (intraclass correlation coefficients between 0.38 and 0.76). If sleep duration of the recovery night is extended to 14 h, sleep stage distribution resembles that of a baseline night underlining the robustness of the individual sleep structure.
Elevated perseveration errors on a verbal fluency task in frequent nightmare recallers: a replication
Authors: Carr Michelle , Saint‐Onge Kadia , Blanchette‐Carrière Cloé , Paquette Tyna , Nielsen Tore 
Published: November 2017

SummaryA recent study reported that individuals recalling frequent idiopathic nightmares (NM) produced more perseveration errors on a verbal fluency task than did control participants (CTL), while not differing in overall verbal fluency. Elevated scores on perseveration errors, an index of executive dysfunction, suggest a cognitive inhibitory control deficit in NM participants. The present study sought to replicate these results using a French‐speaking cohort and French language verbal fluency tasks. A phonetic verbal fluency task using three stimulus letters (P, R, V) and a semantic verbal fluency task using two stimulus categories (female and male French first names) were administered to 23 participants with frequent recall of NM (≥2 NM per week, mean age = 24.4 ± 4.0 years), and to 16 CTL participants with few recalled NM (≤ 1 NM per month, mean age = 24.5 ± 3.8 years). All participants were French‐speaking since birth and self‐declared to be in good mental and physical health apart from their NM. As expected, groups did not differ in overall verbal fluency, i.e. total number of correct words produced in response to stimulus letters or categories (P = 0.97). Furthermore, groups exhibited a difference in fluency perseveration errors, with the NM group having higher perseveration than the CTL group (P = 0.03, Cohen's d = 0.745). This replication suggests that frequent NM recallers have executive inhibitory dysfunction during a cognitive association task and supports a neurocognitive model which posits fronto‐limbic impairment as a neural correlate of disturbed dreaming.
The Effects of One versus Two Years of Intensive Reading Intervention Implemented with Late Elementary Struggling Readers
Authors: Miciak Jeremy , Roberts Garrett , Taylor W. Pat , Solis Michael , Ahmed Yusra , Vaughn Sharon , Fletcher Jack M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe examined the effectiveness of a researcher‐provided reading intervention with 484 fourth graders with significant reading difficulties. Students were randomly assigned to one year of intervention, two years of intervention, or a business‐as‐usual comparison condition (BAU). Students assigned to two years of intervention demonstrated significantly greater gains in reading fluency compared to students who received one year of intervention and the BAU group. Students in both the one‐ and two‐year groups demonstrated similar and significantly larger gains in word reading in comparison to the BAU group. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups on standardized measures of reading comprehension. We discuss these results in the context of research with late elementary and secondary students targeting reading comprehension.
Abundant recent activity of retrovirus‐like retrotransposons within and among flycatcher species implies a rich source of structural variation in songbird genomes
Authors: Suh Alexander , Smeds Linnéa , Ellegren Hans 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTransposable elements (TEs) are genomic parasites capable of inserting virtually anywhere in the host genome, with manifold consequences for gene expression, DNA methylation and genomic stability. Notably, they can contribute to phenotypic variation and hence be associated with, for example, local adaptation and speciation. However, some organisms such as birds have been widely noted for the low densities of TEs in their genomes and this has been attributed to a potential dearth in transposition during their evolution. Here, we show that avian evolution witnessed diverse and abundant transposition on very recent timescales. First, we made an in‐depth repeat annotation of the collared flycatcher genome, including identification of 23 new, retrovirus‐like LTR retrotransposon families. Then, using whole‐genome resequencing data from 200 Ficedula flycatchers, we detected 11,888 polymorphic TE insertions (TE presence/absence variations, TEVs) that segregated within and among species. The density of TEVs was one every 1.5–2.5 Mb per individual, with heterozygosities of 0.12–0.16. The majority of TEVs belonged to some 10 different LTR families, most of which are specific to the flycatcher lineage. TEVs were validated by tracing the segregation of hundreds of TEVs across a three‐generation pedigree of collared flycatchers and also by their utility as markers recapitulating the phylogenetic relationships among flycatcher species. Our results suggest frequent germline invasions of songbird genomes by novel retroviruses as a rich source of structural variation, which may have had underappreciated phenotypic consequences for the diversification of this species‐rich group of birds.
On the Validity of Beer–Lambert Law and its Significance for Sunscreens
Authors: Herzog Bernd , Schultheiss Amélie , Giesinger Jochen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sun protection factor (SPF) is the most important quantity to characterize the performance of sunscreens. As the standard method for its determination is based on clinical trials involving irradiation of human volunteers, calculations of sunscreen performance have become quite popular to reduce the number of in vivo studies. Such simulations imply the calculation of UV transmittance of the sunscreen film using the amounts and spectroscopic properties of the UV absorbers employed, and presuppose the validity of the Beer–Lambert law. As sunscreen films on human skin can contain considerable concentrations of UV absorbers, it is questioned whether the Beer–Lambert law is still valid for these systems. The results of this work show that the validity of the Beer–Lambert law is still given at the high concentrations at which UV absorbers occur in sunscreen films on human skin.
Clinical and photobiological response in eight patients with solar urticaria under treatment with omalizumab, and review of the literature
Authors: Morgado‐Carrasco Daniel , Fustà‐Novell Xavier , Podlipnik Sebastian , Combalia Andrea , Aguilera Paula 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundSolar urticaria (SU) is a rare photodermatosis. Treatment is challenging, and outcomes are often disappointing. Omalizumab is an anti‐IgE, currently approved for treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria. We sought to evaluate therapy with omalizumab in refractory SU and describe predictive factors for response.Materials/methodsPatients with refractory SU under treatment with omalizumab were included in this study. Clinical outcome was evaluated using the Urticaria Activity Score 7 (UAS7), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Pruritus Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Complete clinical response (CCR) was defined as having an UAS7 = 0, DLQI <6 and VAS = 0. Phototesting was performed and compared to baseline. We performed a PubMed search to identify reported cases of SU in adults treated with omalizumab, analysing their characteristics in order to predict response to omalizumab.ResultsEight patients were included. Median age was 45.5 years (range, 23‐64). Light spectrum most commonly implicated was UV‐A. Clinical outcomes: 89% (7/8) achieved CCR with omalizumab. Phototesting was normal in 42.8% (3/7) of them. In our review, we identified 38 patients (including the current case series), and 68.4% showed favourable outcomes with omalizumab. Median time since onset of SU was lower in responders.ConclusionsOmalizumab can be an effective treatment in refractory SU.
The impact of public smoking bans on well‐being externalities: Evidence from a policy experiment
Authors: Yang Miaoqing , Zucchelli Eugenio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecent studies on the effects of anti‐smoking policies on subjective well‐being present mixed results and do not account for potential externalities, especially among couples. We contribute to the literature by evaluating the impact of smoking bans on well‐being externalities among smokers and non‐smokers as well as couples of different types of smokers. We exploit the policy experiment provided by the timing of the UK public smoking bans and measure well‐being via the GHQ. We employ matching techniques combined with flexible difference‐in‐differences fixed effects panel data models on data from the British Household Panel Survey. The joint use of matching with fixed effects specifications allows building more comparable treatment and control groups, producing less model‐dependent results and accounting for individual‐level unobserved heterogeneity. We find that public smoking bans appear to have a statistically significant short‐term positive impact on the well‐being of married individuals, especially among women with dependent children. These effects appear to be robust to alternative specifications and placebo tests and are discussed in the light of the economic theory and recent evidence.
Non‐uniform displacement and strain between the soleus and gastrocnemius subtendons of rat Achilles tendon
Authors: Finni T. , Bernabei M. , Baan G. C. , Noort W. , Tijs C. , Maas H. 
Published: November 2017

Achilles tendon (AT) comprises of 3 subtendons arising from the soleus (SOL) and the lateral (LG) and medial (MG) heads of the gastrocnemius muscle. While recent human studies show differential displacement within AT, these displacements have not been attributed to specific subtendons. We tested the hypothesis that the SOL and LG subtendons show differential displacement and strain during various combinations of SOL, LG, and MG excitations. Movement of knots, sutured onto SOL and LG subtendons of 12 Wistar rats, was videotaped, while the muscles were stimulated intramuscularly and ankle torque was assessed. When SOL only was stimulated, the plantar flexion torque was the smallest among the different conditions (P < .001). In this condition, from passive to active state, the displacement (0.57 vs 0.47 mm, P = .002) and strain (8.4% vs 2.4%, P < .001) in the SOL subtendon were greater than in LG subtendon. When LG only was stimulated, a higher ankle torque was measured as compared to SOL stimulation (P < .001); the displacement was similar in both subtendons (~0.6 mm), while the strain was greater in LG than in SOL (4.7% vs 1.7%, P < .001). When all 3 muscles were stimulated simultaneously, ankle torque was highest and the displacement (0.79 vs 0.74 mm, P = .002) and strain (7.7% vs 4.4%, P = .003) were greater in SOL than in LG. These data show that the different subtendons of AT can experience relative displacement and differential strains. Together with anatomical dissections, the results revealed that such uniformities may be due to a lower stiffness of SOL subtendon compared to LG.
In vitro determination of Mexican Mestizo hair shaft diameter using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Martinez‐Velasco Maria Abril , Perper Marina , Maddy Austin J , Cervantes Jessica , Eber Ariel E. , Verne Sebastian H. , Vazquez‐Herrera Norma Elizabeth , Nouri Keyvan , Tosti Antonella 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundMexican mestizo population has a pluriethnic mixture of Amerindian, European and African ancestry, predominant in most Latin American countries. Until now, there are no reports about hair characteristics in this population, necessary to define normal values, for hair diseases evaluation and comparison among other ethnic groups.MethodsThe VivoSight® swept‐source multibeam optical coherence tomography system was used to evaluate hair diameter and shape in 30 females. Three hair samples from each volunteer were measured transversely along three distances, generating nine cross‐sectional images, two measurements per image and 18 measurements per patient for a total of 540 diameter measurements.ResultsMinimum hair diameter (n = 540) was 0.06 mm while maximum was 0.14 mm. Mean diameter was 0.10 ± 0.01 mm as compared with Asian hair, which ranges from 0.08 mm to 0.12 mm. On morphological analysis, Mexican Mestizo hair tends to have a round shape with homogenous diameters, resembling Caucasian and Asian hair.ConclusionMexican hair is similar to Asian hair in diameter and shape and can be classified as ‘thick’ hair, which make it more resistant and with more volume. Cosmetic products intended to improve hair care in this population must to consider this characteristic.
Disseminated mucormycosis masquerading as rejection early after orthotopic heart transplantation
Authors: Margoles Lindsay , DeNofrio David , Patel Ayan R. , Golan Yoav , Vest Amanda R. , Arkun Knarik , Boucher Helen W. , Kiernan Michael S. , Upshaw Jenica N. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMucorales organisms are an uncommon cause of invasive fungal infections after solid organ transplantation but are associated with great morbidity and mortality. We report a fatal case of disseminated Cunninghamella infection early after heart transplantation. The patient developed graft dysfunction and elevated markers of myocyte injury and autopsy revealed fulminant fungal myocarditis. This case highlights the need for a high index of suspicion in immunocompromised patients who are not improving with standard antimicrobial therapy.