bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of cognitive capacity and gaming expertise on attention and comprehension
Authors: Lee Y.‐H. , Heeter C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEducational video games can impose high cognitive demands on its users. Two studies were conducted to examine the cognitive process involved in playing an educational digital game. Study 1 examined the effects of users' working memory capacity and gaming expertise on attention and comprehension of the educational messages. The results showed that gaming experts seem to benefit more from having a higher working memory capacity when processing information from the game. However, gaming experts' available working memory did not predict better comprehension. Instead, non‐experts' available working memory predicted better comprehension. Study 2 further examined whether these results were caused by insufficient working memory allocation or different attention focus between gaming experts and non‐experts. The findings suggest that gaming experts approach the game differently from non‐experts, focusing on familiar features and overlooking unfamiliar (educational) information.
Discomfort/pain due to periodontal and peri‐implant probing: Implant type and age
Authors: Stanner Julia , Klum Matthias , Parvini Puria , Zuhr Otto , Nickles Katrin , Eickholz Peter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThere is evidence that patients experience more discomfort/pain after peri‐implant probing than periodontal probing. However, there are several plausible factors to additionally influence this observation: e.g., implant type, age, smoking. Thus, this study was designed to compare discomfort/pain after periodontal and peri‐implant probing in different implant types.MethodsTwo dentists recruited and examined 80 patients, each of them exhibiting a dental implant with a contralateral natural tooth. Only two types of implants were included. Periodontal and peri‐implant probing depths (PPD) and probing attachment level (PAL) were assessed. Whether implant or tooth were measured first was randomly assigned. Immediately after probing patients scored discomfort/pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS).ResultsEighty patients (median; lower/upper quartile: age 57; 47.5/65.5 years; 40 females, 11 smokers) were examined. With the exception of PPD and PAL at the deepest site as well as mean PPD (p < .05) clinical parameters (PAL, bleeding on probing, suppuration) were well balanced between implants and teeth. Peri‐implant probing (VAS: 9.0; 5.0/17.0) caused significantly (p = .038) more discomfort/pain than periodontal probing (5.5; 2.0/13.5). This was confirmed by repeated measures analysis of variance adjusting for several factors (p = .011).ConclusionsPeri‐implant probing caused significantly more discomfort/pain than periodontal probing.
Medication safety and the usability of electronic prescribing as perceived by physicians—A semistructured interview among primary health care physicians in Finland
Authors: Kauppinen Hanna , Ahonen Riitta , Mäntyselkä Pekka , Timonen Johanna 
Published: May 2017

SummaryRationale, aims and objectivesIn Finland, a fully operational and nationwide electronic prescription (ePrescription) system was implemented by law in 2012 to 2015. From 2017, all prescriptions have to be electronic. ePrescriptions are intended to facilitate prescribing and to improve medication safety in Finnish health care. In this study, the aim was to explore physicians' experiences with the impacts of ePrescriptions on prescribing and medication safety in Finland.MethodData were collected by conducting 42 interviews among primary health care physicians in spring 2015. The data obtained were analyzed by means of qualitative content analysis.ResultsMost of the physicians considered ePrescriptions to be convenient to issue because of the paperless procedure. Additionally, physicians stated that information concerning patients' prescriptions was better available through the Prescription Centre since physicians were able to check patients' prescriptions, including those issued elsewhere. In particular, ePrescriptions have improved the control of narcotics and medicines classified as primarily affecting the central nervous system. However, establishing a patient's overall medication through the Prescription Centre was regarded as difficult because prescription information was sometimes incoherent and had not been updated. The ePrescribing system was also described as inflexible, especially the correcting, cancelling, or renewing of ePrescriptions. For example, the system required too many “mouse clicks” and PIN entries to justify the actions taken in prescriptions. The system's slowness and the poor connection between physicians' electronic patient records and the Prescription Centre were also underlined.ConclusionsAccording to the Finnish physicians interviewed, ePrescriptions have facilitated prescribing in some respects. However, the ePrescribing system still has problems and the Prescription Centre cannot be fully used for the management of a patient's overall medication.
Inactivation of bacteria suspended in water by using high frequency unipolar pulse voltage
Authors: Krishnaveni S. , Subhashini R. , Rajini V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFood processing by pulsed electric field has received considerable attention in food and biotechnology. Although the PEF technology for bacterial inactivation depends upon both biological factors and electrical parameters, this article mainly focuses on the impact of pulse repetitive frequency on the bacterial inactivation suspended in liquid. This research work also aims to implement compact pulse converter technology using power MOSFETs to generate 1.5 kV unipolar pulses of width 1.2 μs at different pulse repetition frequency. The efficacy of the pulse generator was tested to inactivate Escherichia Coli MTCC 1610 strain suspended in water at 1, 10, 20, and 51 kHz at 15 kV/cm. It was observed that maximum of 4.4 log10 reduction of bacteria was achieved at 51 kHz (with 1,530,000 pulses) and about 1.2 log10 reduction achieved at 1 kHz (with 30,000 pulses). It shows that high repetitive frequency has significant impact on the process to inactivate the bacteria at moderate electric field intensity.Practical applicationsFrom the literature, it can be stated that the efficiency of inactivation process is determined by the amplitude of the pulsed electric field intensity. Ultimately this concept increases the cost of the PEF generator and complexity in circuit design. So, this work concentrates to bring down the electric field intensity without sacrificing the efficiency of the process by altering the pulse repetitive frequency among all other electrical parameters. The research also focuses to implement a bench scale PEF to inactivate bacteria in liquid food. The advancements in power semiconductor devices may help to improve the design of PEF generators and the developed PEF converter generates unipolar pulses of 1.5 kV at a variable frequency of 1 kHz to a maximum of 51 kHz with help of simple programmable microcontroller. This bench scale PEF converter is very compact. Since the pulse repetition frequency shows the significant log reduction, this helps to reduce the capital investment and has more options to scale up the design in pulsed power technology. With better power generators, after decades of research, PEF technology may finally be commercialized to inactivate bacteria.
Vertical root fractures in endodontically‐treated teeth: A retrospective analysis of possible risk factors
Authors: García‐Guerrero Claudia , Parra‐Junco Claudia , Quijano‐Guauque Sara , Molano Nicolás , Pineda Gerardo A. , Marín‐Zuluaga Dairo J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThe prevalence of vertical root fractures (VRF) ranges from 2% to 20%, and is associated with endodontically‐treated teeth (ETT). The aim of the present study was to analyze clinically and radiographically, at different intervals of time, some of the risk factors present in ETT that developed VRF.MethodsA classification model according to time measured the follow‐up period of three groups. A match was made for times of occurrence (cases) and follow up (controls). An odds ratio (OR) test and a logistic regression model set at 95% confidence interval (CI) established the VRF probability when different clinical factors (patient, tooth, and endodontic or restorative treatment) were present.ResultsThe sample was composed of 197 ETT (41 cases and 156 controls). A classification model set the trend, thus defining three groups: group 1 (1‐4 years of follow up): endodontic retreatment (OR: 8.01, 95% CI: 1.85‐37.90, P=.0014), indirect restoration (OR: .202, 95% CI: .036‐.979, P=.05); group 2 (5‐8 years of follow up): primary treatment (OR: .052, 95% CI: .002‐.680, P=.044) and the ‘single tooth’ category (OR: .042, 95% CI: .002‐.453, P=.02) demonstrated a significant association with VRF; and group 3 (>9 years of follow up): no association.ConclusionEndodontic retreatment had the highest risk association for VRF after 1‐8 years of follow up. Indirect and individual restorations were not significantly associated with VRF.
Overexpression of GhFIM2 propels cotton fiber development by enhancing actin bundle formation
Authors: Zhang Min , Han Li‐Bo , Wang Wen‐Yan , Wu Shen‐Jie , Jiao Gai‐Li , Su Lei , Xia Gui‐Xian , Wang Hai‐Yun 
Published: May 2017

SummaryCell elongation and secondary wall deposition are two consecutive stages during cotton fiber development. The mechanisms controlling the progression of these two developmental phases remain largely unknown. Here, we report the functional characterization of the actin‐bundling protein GhFIM2 in cotton fiber. Overexpression of GhFIM2 increased the abundance of actin bundles, which was accompanied with accelerated fiber growth at the fast‐elongating stage. Meanwhile, overexpression of GhFIM2 could propel the onset of secondary cell wall biogenesis. These results indicate that the dynamic rearrangement of actin higher structures involving GhFIM2 plays an important role in the development of cotton fiber cells.
Individual Wealth and Subjective Financial Well‐being in Marriage: Resource Integration or Separation?
Authors: Lersch Philipp M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEconomic wealth is mostly assumed to be a household‐level resource that is pooled by spouses in married couples. Using comprehensive data on the individual wealth of both spouses in married couples from the German Socio‐Economic Panel Study (N = 13,623 individuals), the author tests this assumption. To this end, the associations between individuals' wealth and their spouses' wealth with individuals' subjective financial well‐being are examined. Results show that women's financial well‐being is equally associated with their own individual wealth and their spouses' wealth in older birth cohorts. In younger birth cohorts, women's financial well‐being is more strongly associated with their own individual wealth than with their spouses' wealth. For men from all birth cohorts, their own individual wealth is more strongly related to their financial well‐being than is their spouses' wealth. These findings suggest that wealth is not generally and fully pooled and that individual ownership matters within married couples in Germany.
Exploration of potential mechanisms of hepatitis C virus resistance in exposed uninfected intravenous drug users
Authors: Shawa I. T. , Felmlee D. J. , Hegazy D. , Sheridan D. A. , Cramp M. E. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryA rare outcome following exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a lack of observable infection as clinically measured by HCV RNA‐ or HCV‐recognizing antibodies. The population who exhibit this trait is termed exposed uninfected (EU). Increasing evidence has refined characterization of these individuals, distinct from those who become infected but spontaneously clear HCV. Study of the EU population is highly pertinent for the discovery of antiviral mechanisms of resistance that can reveal antiviral therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of similarities and differences of the EU population relative to spontaneous resolvers and the majority whom develop chronic HCV infection, and focusses on possible mechanisms of resistance including innate and adaptive immunity, genetics and lipid interactions.
Effects of El Niño on the population dynamics of the Malay civet east of the Wallace line
Authors: Seymour A. S. , Tarrant M. R. , Gerber B. D. , Sharp A. , Woollam J. , Cox R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe effect of climate on the population dynamics of rainforest vertebrates is known only for a limited subset of species and study locations. To extend this knowledge, we carried out an 8‐year population study of a Viverrid (Malay civet Viverra tangalunga) in the Wallacea biogeographical region (Buton Island, Sulawesi). Civets were trapped annually from 2003 to 2010, during which there were four weak to moderate El Niño events and one moderate La Niña event. In Indonesia, El Niño events are associated with drier than normal conditions, while La Niña is associated with wetter conditions. The number of individuals captured was strongly correlated with the 12‐month summed Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) prior to trapping, with significantly fewer individuals caught in years with lower summed SOI (i.e. stronger El Niño conditions). Adult civet body mass was significantly higher in El Niño years; mean adult male and female body masses were 10.6% and 4.0% greater in El Niño years. There was support for a 1‐year time lagged effect of El Niño on the apparent survival (1 – probability of disappearing from the study site due to death or emigration) of male (but not female) civets, which was approximately 50% higher in the year following El Niño events. Using spatially explicit capture–mark–recapture models, we were unable to detect any significant change in civet density between years, which was estimated as 1.36 ± 0.14 (se) individuals km−2. We suggest that increased apparent survival of males observed in the year after El Niño events was brought about by reduced dispersal (possibly associated with a change in mating tactic) rather than reduced mortality.
Fire coral clones demonstrate phenotypic plasticity among reef habitats
Authors: Dubé Caroline E. , Boissin Emilie , Maynard Jeffrey A. , Planes Serge 
Published: May 2017

AbstractClonal populations are often characterized by reduced levels of genotypic diversity, which can translate into lower numbers of functional phenotypes, both of which impede adaptation. Study of partially clonal animals enables examination of the environmental settings under which clonal reproduction is favoured. Here, we gathered genotypic and phenotypic information from 3,651 georeferenced colonies of the fire coral Millepora platyphylla in five habitats with different hydrodynamic regimes in Moorea, French Polynesia. In the upper slope where waves break, most colonies grew as vertical sheets (“sheet tree”) making them more vulnerable to fragmentation. Nearly all fire corals in the other habitats are encrusting or massive. The M. platyphylla population is highly clonal (80% of the colonies are clones), while characterized by the highest genotype diversity ever documented for terrestrial or marine populations (1,064 genotypes). The proportion of clones varies greatly among habitats (≥58%–97%) and clones (328 clonal lineages) are distributed perpendicularly from the reef crest, perfectly aligned with wave energy. There are six clonal lineages with clones dispersed in at least two adjacent habitats that strongly demonstrate phenotypic plasticity. Eighty per cent of the colonies in these lineages are “sheet tree” on the upper slope, while 80%–100% are encrusting or massive on the mid slope and back reef. This is a unique example of phenotypic plasticity among reef‐building coral clones as corals typically have wave‐tolerant growth forms in high‐energy reef areas.
l‐cysteine desulfhydrase‐related H2S production is involved in OsSE5‐promoted ammonium tolerance in roots of Oryza sativa
Authors: Guo Hongming , Zhou Heng , Zhang Jing , Guan Wenxue , Xu Sheng , Shen Wenbiao , Xu Guohua , Xie Yanjie , Foyer Christine Helen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrevious studies revealed that rice heme oxygenase PHOTOPERIOD SENSITIVITY 5 (OsSE5) is involved in the regulation of tolerance to excess ammonium by enhancing antioxidant defence. In this study, the relationship between OsSE5 and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a well‐known signalling molecule, was investigated. Results showed that NH4Cl triggered the induction of l‐cysteine desulfhydrase (l‐DES)‐related H2S production in rice seedling roots. A H2S donor not only alleviated the excess ammonium‐triggered inhibition of root growth but also reduced endogenous ammonium, both of which were aggravated by hypotaurine (HT, a H2S scavenger) or dl‐propargylglycine (PAG, a l‐DES inhibitor). Nitrogen metabolism‐related enzymes were activated by H2S, thus resulting in the induction of amino acid synthesis and total nitrogen content. Interestingly, the activity of l‐DES, as well as the enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, was significantly increased in the OsSE5‐overexpression line (35S:OsSE5), whereas it impaired in the OsSE5‐knockdown mutant (OsSE5‐RNAi). The application of the HT/PAG or H2S donor could differentially block or rescue NH4Cl‐hyposensitivity or hypersensitivity phenotypes in 35S:OsSE5‐1 or OsSE5‐RNAi‐1 plants, with a concomitant modulation of nitrogen assimilation. Taken together, these results illustrated that H2S function as an indispensable positive regulator participated in OsSE5‐promoted ammonium tolerance, in which nitrogen metabolism was facilitated.
Antecedent Nippostrongylus infection alters the lung immune response to Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Craig J. M. , Scott A. L. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIn endemic regions, it is not uncommon for patients to be co‐infected with soil‐transmitted helminths and malaria. Although both malaria and many helminth species use the lungs as a site of development, little attention has been paid to the impact that pulmonary immunity induced by one parasite has on the lung response to the other. To model the consequences of a prior hookworm exposure on the development of immunity to malaria in the lungs, mice were infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and 2 weeks later challenged with Plasmodium berghei. We found that a pre‐existing hookworm‐induced type 2 immune environment had a measurable but modest impact on the nature of the malaria‐driven type 1 cytokine response in the lungs that was associated with a transient effect on parasite development and no significant changes in morbidity and mortality after malaria infection. However, prior hookworm infection did have a lasting effect on lung macrophages, where the malaria‐induced M1‐like response was blunted by previous M2 polarization. These results demonstrate that, although helminth parasites confer robust changes to the immunological status of the pulmonary microenvironment, lung immunity is plastic and capable of rapidly adapting to consecutive heterologous infections.
Emotional self–other voice processing in schizophrenia and its relationship with hallucinations: ERP evidence
Authors: Pinheiro Ana P. , Rezaii Neguine , Rauber Andréia , Nestor Paul G. , Spencer Kevin M. , Niznikiewicz Margaret 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAbnormalities in self–other voice processing have been observed in schizophrenia, and may underlie the experience of hallucinations. More recent studies demonstrated that these impairments are enhanced for speech stimuli with negative content. Nonetheless, few studies probed the temporal dynamics of self versus nonself speech processing in schizophrenia and, particularly, the impact of semantic valence on self–other voice discrimination. In the current study, we examined these questions, and additionally probed whether impairments in these processes are associated with the experience of hallucinations. Fifteen schizophrenia patients and 16 healthy controls listened to 420 prerecorded adjectives differing in voice identity (self‐generated [SGS] versus nonself speech [NSS]) and semantic valence (neutral, positive, and negative), while EEG data were recorded. The N1, P2, and late positive potential (LPP) ERP components were analyzed. ERP results revealed group differences in the interaction between voice identity and valence in the P2 and LPP components. Specifically, LPP amplitude was reduced in patients compared with healthy subjects for SGS and NSS with negative content. Further, auditory hallucinations severity was significantly predicted by LPP amplitude: the higher the SAPS “voices conversing” score, the larger the difference in LPP amplitude between negative and positive NSS. The absence of group differences in the N1 suggests that self–other voice processing abnormalities in schizophrenia are not primarily driven by disrupted sensory processing of voice acoustic information. The association between LPP amplitude and hallucination severity suggests that auditory hallucinations are associated with enhanced sustained attention to negative cues conveyed by a nonself voice.
The Roles of TLR Gene Polymorphisms in Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of 35,317 Subjects
Authors: Xie X. , Shi X. , Liu M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecently, the roles of toll like receptor (TLR) gene polymorphisms in atherosclerotic diseases were extensively investigated, with conflicting results. Therefore, we performed this study to better assess the relationship between TLR gene variants and atherosclerosis. Eligible studies were searched in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and CNKI. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate associations between TLR gene polymorphisms and atherosclerosis. A total of 40 studies covering 19,657 cases and 15,660 controls were finally included in our systematic review and meta‐analysis. Significant correlations with atherosclerosis susceptibility were found for the TLR1 rs5743551 polymorphism (dominant model: 95% CI 1.03–1.79; recessive model: 95% CI 0.28–0.97; allele model: 95% CI 1.07–1.69), TLR1 rs5743611 polymorphism (dominant model: 95% CI 0.56–0.98) and TLR6 rs5743810 polymorphism (recessive model: 95% CI 0.56–0.92) in overall analyses. Moreover, further subgroup analyses revealed that TLR4 rs1927911 polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of cerebral infarction in the recessive model (95% CI 0.46–0.96), whereas TLR4 rs4986791 polymorphism was significantly correlated with susceptibility to atherosclerosis among Asians in the dominant (95% CI 1.58–6.66), additive (95% CI 0.13–0.69) and allele (95% CI 1.58–5.53) models. However, no positive results were found for the other 13 TLR polymorphisms. In conclusion, our findings indicate that most TLR gene polymorphisms may not be implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, whereas certain TLR gene variations, such as rs5743551, rs5743611, rs5743810, rs4986791 and rs1927911, may serve as genetic biomarkers of atherosclerotic diseases.