bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Liver and Antiphospholipid Antibody Production Precede Disease Onset and Respond to Rapamycin in Lupus‐Prone Mice
Authors: Oaks Zachary , Winans Thomas , Caza Tiffany , Fernandez David , Liu Yuxin , Landas Steve K. , Banki Katalin , Perl Andras 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveAntiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) constitute a diagnostic criterion of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and aPL have been functionally linked to liver disease in patients with SLE. Since the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a regulator of oxidative stress, a pathophysiologic process that contributes to the development of aPL, this study was undertaken in a mouse model of SLE to examine the involvement of liver mitochondria in lupus pathogenesis.MethodsMitochondria were isolated from lupus‐prone MRL/lpr, C57BL/6.lpr, and MRL mice, age‐matched autoimmunity‐resistant C57BL/6 mice as negative controls, and transaldolase‐deficient mice, a strain that exhibits oxidative stress in the liver. Electron transport chain (ETC) activity was assessed using measurements of oxygen consumption. ETC proteins, which are regulators of mitochondrial homeostasis, and the mTOR complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 were examined by Western blotting. Anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti–β2‐glycoprotein I (anti‐β2GPI) autoantibodies were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in mice treated with rapamycin or mice treated with a solvent control.ResultsMitochondrial oxygen consumption was increased in the livers of 4‐week‐old, disease‐free MRL/lpr mice relative to age‐matched controls. Levels of the mitophagy initiator dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) were depleted while the activity of mTORC1 was increased in MRL/lpr mice. In turn, mTORC2 activity was decreased in MRL and MRL/lpr mice. In addition, levels of aCL and anti‐β2GPI were elevated preceding the development of nephritis in 4‐week‐old MRL, C57BL/6.lpr, and MRL/lpr mice. Transaldolase‐deficient mice showed increased oxygen consumption, depletion of Drp1, activation of mTORC1, and elevated expression of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S3 (NDUFS3), a pro‐oxidant subunit of ETC complex I, as well as increased production of aCL and anti‐β2GPI autoantibodies. Treatment with rapamycin selectively blocked mTORC1 activation, NDUFS3 expression, and aPL production both in transaldolase‐deficient mice and in lupus‐prone mice.ConclusionIn lupus‐prone mice, mTORC1‐dependent mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the generation of aPL, suggesting that such mechanisms may represent a treatment target in patients with SLE.
Transcriptome profiling reveals novel gene expression signatures and regulating transcription factors of TGFβ‐induced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Du Liutao , Yamamoto Shota , Burnette Barry L. , Huang Danshang , Gao Kun , Jamshidi Neema , Kuo Michael D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDysregulated epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells endows invasive and metastatic properties upon cancer cells that favor successful colonization of distal target organs and therefore play a critical role in transforming early‐stage carcinomas into invasive malignancies. EMT has also been associated with tumor recurrence and drug resistance and cancer stem cell initiation. Therefore, better understanding of the mechanisms behind EMT could ultimately contribute to the development of novel prognostic approaches and individualized therapies that specifically target EMT processes. As an effort to characterize the central transcriptome changes during EMT, we have developed a Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐beta‐based in vitro EMT model and used it to profile EMT‐related gene transcriptional changes in two different cell lines, a non‐small cell lung cancer cell line H358, and a breast cell line MCF10a. After 7 days of TGF‐beta/Oncostatin M (OSM) treatment, changes in cell morphology to a mesenchymal phenotype were observed as well as concordant EMT‐associated changes in mRNA and protein expression. Further, increased motility was noted and flow cytometry confirmed enrichment in cancer stem cell‐like populations. Microarray‐based differential expression analysis identified an EMT‐associated gene expression signature which was confirmed by RT‐qPCR and which significantly overlapped with a previously published EMT core signature. Finally, two novel EMT‐regulating transcription factors, IRF5 and LMCD1, were identified and independently validated.
Prototype CoolCup cryolipolysis applicator with over 40% reduced treatment time demonstrates equivalent safety and efficacy with greater patient preference
Authors: Kilmer Suzanne L. 
Published: June 2016

Background and ObjectivesCryolipolysis is a safe, effective non‐surgical procedure to reduce fat. For most cryolipolysis treatments, tissue is pulled between parallel cooling plates with a treatment duration of 60 minutes. A novel contoured cup, medium‐sized applicator was developed to increase tissue contact with reduced skin tension and reduced treatment time. This prototype contoured cup was investigated with a standard cryolipolysis applicator to evaluate safety, efficacy, and patient preference.Study Design/Material and MethodsA prototype CoolCup medium‐sized vacuum applicator (CoolSculpting System, ZELTIQ Aesthetics) was used to treat n = 19 subjects in the flanks. Randomly assigned, one flank received standard treatment with the CoolCore applicator (−10°C for 60 minutes). The contralateral flank received treatment from the CoolCup (−11°C for 35 minutes). The clinical study primary efficacy endpoint was 70% correct identification of baseline photographs by independent physician review. Incidence of adverse device effects was monitored. Fat layer reduction was measured by ultrasound and subject surveys were administered 12 weeks post‐treatment.ResultsEquivalent efficacy was demonstrated between the CoolCore standard treatment and the prototype CoolCup. Independent review from three blinded physicians found 81% correct identification of baseline photographs for the standard treatment and 79% for the CoolCup. Ultrasound measurements indicated mean fat layer reduction of 4.38 mm for the standard treatment and 4.40 mm for the CoolCup; no statistically significant difference was found when comparing treatment efficacy of the two applicators (P = 0.96). Patient questionnaires revealed 85% preferred CoolCup because of shorter treatment duration and greater comfort. Procedural assessments revealed 45% lower pain scores for CoolCup. Immediate post‐treatment clinical assessments revealed 82% less bruising. Typical side effects, such as numbness and erythema, were similar. There were no adverse events.ConclusionThis clinical study of a prototype medium‐sized vacuum applicator with a cooled contoured surface indicates that the CoolCup produces equivalent safety and efficacy to the standard CoolCore cryolipolysis applicator. With a 42% reduction in treatment time, the procedure was found to be more comfortable because of lower vacuum skin tension and shorter treatment duration. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:63–68, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gastroprotective effect of bezafibrate, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α agonist and its mechanism in a rat model of aspirin‐induced gastric ulcer
Authors: Saha Lekha , Bhatia Alka , Chakrabarti Amitava 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to demonstrate the antiulcer activity and mechanism of bezafibrate in a rat model of aspirin‐induced gastric ulcer.MethodsWe used an aspirin‐induced gastric ulcer model. Bezafibrate was administered orally in graded doses (10 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg) to detect the best effective antiulcer dose of bezafibrate. The parameters measured were: ulcer index, histopathological scoring of gastric ulcer, gastric juice analysis, gastric mucosal lipid peroxidation parameters, estimation of NO metabolite in blood, mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase iNOS and constitutive NO synthase (cNOS) in gastric mucosa, and gastric mucosal DNA fragmentation.ResultsThe dose‐dependent antiulcer activity of bezafibrate was shown by the ulcer index and histopathological score. Bezafibrate (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced total acidity, free acidity, and pepsin activity, and increased total hexoses and total proteins. Bezafibrate (100 mg/kg) also significantly reduced lipid peroxidation, inhibited iNOS expression, preserved cNOS expression, and inhibited DNA fragmentation.ConclusionBezafibrate can decrease aspirin‐induced gastric mucosal injury via reducing lipid peroxidation, inhibiting iNOS expression, preserving cNOS expression, and decreasing DNA fragmentation.
Long noncoding RNAs: Central to nervous system development
Authors: Hart Ronald P. , Goff Loyal A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe development of the central nervous system (CNS) is a complex orchestration of stem cells, transcription factors, growth/differentiation factors, and epigenetic control. Noncoding RNAs have been identified, classified, and studied for their functional roles in many systems including the CNS. In particular, the class of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has generated both enthusiasm and skepticism due to the unexpected discovery, the diversity of mechanisms, and the lower level of expression than found in protein‐coding RNAs. Here we describe evidence supporting the role of lncRNAs in driving CNS‐specific differentiation. It is clear that lncRNAs exhibit a functional diversity that makes their study and compartmentalization more challenging than other classes of noncoding RNAs. We predict, however, that lncRNAs will be essential for the characterization of discrete neuronal cell types in the age of single‐cell transcriptomics and that these regulatory RNAs contribute to the multitude of functional mechanisms during CNS differentiation that will rival the diversities of protein‐based mechanisms.
Comparison of rapid bedside tests for phosphorylated insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 1 and fetal fibronectin to predict preterm birth
Authors: Tripathi Reva , Tyagi Shakun , Mala Yedla M. , Singh Nilanchali , Pandey Nalini B. , Yadav Preeti 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of rapid bedside tests for phosphorylated insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 1 (phIGFBP‐1) and fetal fibronectin (fFN) to predict preterm delivery among women with threatened preterm labor.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted among women with a singleton pregnancy of 28–36 weeks, intact membranes, and symptoms suggestive of preterm labor who attended a center in New Delhi, India, between April 1, 2011, and March 31, 2014. Rapid bedside tests were performed at presentation to measure the levels of phIGFBP‐1 and fFN in cervicovaginal secretions. All patients were managed as per the standard hospital protocol and followed up until delivery.ResultsData were available for 468 participants. For delivery before 37 weeks, the phIGFBP‐1 test exhibited a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 81.1%, 97.1%, 95.2% and 87.7%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the fFN test were 19.4%, 99.4%, 97.4%, and 63.2%, respectively. The phIGFBP‐1 test displayed higher sensitivity and NPV than did the fFN test for delivery before 34 weeks and within 7 days of testing (P< 0.05 for all).ConclusionThe rapid bedside test for phIGFBP‐1 was more reliable in the prediction of preterm delivery than was the equivalent test for fFN.
Demographic and Clinical Correlates of Patient-Reported Improvement in Sex Drive, Erectile Function, and Energy with Testosterone Solution 2%
Authors: Wu Frederick , Zitzmann Michael , Heiselman Darell , Donatucci Craig , Knorr Jack , Patel Ankur B. , Kinchen Kraig 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Evidence from well-designed studies documenting the benefit of testosterone replacement therapy as a function of patient demographic and clinical characteristics is lacking.

Aim
To determine demographic and clinical predictors of treatment outcomes in hypogonadal men with low sex drive, low energy, and/or erectile dysfunction.

Methods
Post hoc analysis of a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 16-week study of 715 hypogonadal men (mean age = 55.3 years, age range = 19–92 years) presenting with low sex drive and/or low energy who received placebo or testosterone solution 2% for 12 weeks.

Main Outcomes and Measures
Two levels defined patient-reported improvement (PRI) in sex drive or energy: level 1 was at least “a little better” and level 2 was at least “much better” in energy or sex drive on the Patient Global Impression of Improvement at study end point. PRI in erectile function was stratified by erectile dysfunction severity at baseline as measured by the erectile function domain of the International Index for Erectile Function: mild at baseline (change of 2), moderate at baseline (change of 5), and severe at baseline (change of 7). Associations of demographic and clinical characteristics with PRI were calculated with stepwise forward multiple logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios represented the likelihood of PRI in symptoms among variable categories.

Results
Higher levels of end-point testosterone were associated with higher rates of PRI (at levels 1 and 2) in sex drive and energy (P &lt; .001 for the two comparisons). Lower baseline testosterone levels were associated with higher rates of level 1 PRI in sex drive (P = .028); and classic hypogonadism (vs non-classic hypogonadism) was associated with higher rates of level 2 PRI in sex drive (P = .005) and energy (P = .006).

Conclusion
When assessing the potential for improvements in men with testosterone deficiency using patient-reported outcome questionnaires, possible predictors of treatment outcomes to consider include the etiology of hypogonadism and testosterone levels (baseline and end point).
Do Islamic stock indices perform better than conventional counterparts? An empirical investigation of sectoral efficiency
Authors: Alam Nafis , Arshad Shaista , Rizvi Syed Aun R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLiterature is rife with studies on efficiency of stock markets and financial performance aspects. One such aspect is the measurement of sectoral efficiency amongst stock markets. While there are several studies analysing sectorial efficiency, there is no study on the efficiency of Islamic sector indexes. The rise of Islamic indices has raised the question and multiple studies have been undertaken in exploring and validating the better performance from a risk return framework for the Islamic indices. This study attempts to pioneer in this niche area by conducting a comparative analysis of 10 sectoral global indices for both conventional and Islamic counterpart spanning over 18 years. The sample time period runs from 1 January 1996 until 31 December 2014. To further validate our study, we have divided our data into four major time periods, to factor in different phases the world markets have gone through in the sample period, i.e. 1996–2000; 2001–2002; 2003–2006 and 2006 to 2014. The methodology selected in understanding the efficiency of these sectoral stock indices is the multifractal de‐trended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA). Our analysis reveals that in the shorter horizon, efficiency tends to follow a similar pattern amongst the conventional and Islamic counterpart. Furthermore, Islamic sectoral indices generally tend to exhibit a higher efficiency regime across the last decade. Overall, Islamic index seems to have stayed attractive and resilient, allowing conformity with the weak form efficient market hypothesis.
An Afro-German Microhistory: Gender, Religion, and the Challenges of Diasporic Dwelling
Authors: Roos Julia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article traces the biography of an Afro-German woman born during the 1920s Rhineland occupation to examine the peculiarities of the black German diaspora, as well as potential connections between these peculiarities and larger trends in the history of German colonialism and racism. “Erika Diekmann” was born in Worms in 1920. Her mother was a German citizen, her father a Senegalese French soldier. Separated from her birth mother at a young age, Erika spent her youth and early adulthood in a school for Christian Arab girls in Jerusalem run by the Protestant order of the Kaiserswerth Deaconesses (KaiserswertherDiakonissen). After World War II, Erika returned to West Germany, but in 1957, she emigrated to the United States, along with her (white) German husband and four children. Erika's story offers unique opportunities for studying Afro-German women's active strategies of making Germany their “home.” It underlines the complicated role of conventional female gender prescriptions in processes of interracial family-building. The centrality of religion to Erika's social relationships significantly enhances our understanding of the complexity of German attitudes toward national belonging and race during the first half of the twentieth century.
10. An Account of some Experiments which show that Fibrin-Ferment is absent from circulating Blood-Plasma, and which support the view, first advanced by Sir Joseph Lister, that the Blood has ho spontaneous tendency to Coagulate
Authors: Haycraft John Berry 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSir Astley Cooper and Turner Thackrah taught that blood was a fluid tending to coagulate, but inhibited from doing so by the living vascular walls. This view is erroneously ascribed to Brücke, who himself only professes to support it.
On the Placentation of the Halicore Dugong
Authors: Turner William 
Published: June 2016

(Abstract.)The only observations hitherto recorded on the placentation of the Dugong are by Paul Harting, of Utrecht, in 1878, who examined the foetal membranes of a foetus 27.8 cent. long. He stated that the placenta was diffused and non-deciduate.The gravid uterus described in this communication was presented to the author by C. W. de Vis, Esq., M.A., curator of the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, through Professor Anderson Stuart of the University of Sydney.The uterus was bicornuate, and contained a single fœtus, 5 feet 4 inches long. The fœtus and its membranes occupied the left cornu, and there was no extension of the membranes into the right cornu.The chorion was an elongated sac, upwards of 5 feet long from pole to pole.
Pharmacology of Morphine and its Derivatives
Authors: Stockman Ralph 
Published: June 2016

It is necessary for a clear understanding of the chemical changes which occur on treating morphine in various ways, and for comparing its physiological action with that of the bodies so formed, that we should summarise at some length the exact position of our present knowledge regarding its chemistry and pharmacology.Morphine has the composition represented by the formula C17H19NO3. It is generally supposed to crystallise with one molecule of water, but there is reason to believe that the composition of the hydrated base is really 8 C17H19NO3, 9 H2O, the water being present in the proportion of 1⅛ molecule. Morphine is a monacid base, forming neutral and readily soluble salts with all the stronger acids. Like all alkaloids, it is built up on the ammonia (NH3) type, and is a tertiary amine, all the hydrogen atoms having been replaced by more or less complex radicals.
A New Form of Juxtapositor to bring into Accurate Contact the Edges of the two Beams of Light used in Spectrophotometry, with an application to Polarimetry
Authors: Milne J. R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the ordinary spectrophotometer and in Laurent's “half-shade “polarimeter, two neighbouring patches of light of the same colour but of different intensities are presented to the eye of the observer, who by an appropriate means reduces the intensity of the brighter until in his judgment it is brought down to the same intensity as the other. The accuracy of such a measurement must depend on two factors. The first factor is the accuracy with which the observer's eye can judge of the equality of the two patches of light, and the second factor is the accuracy with which the instrumental reading indicates the intensity of the comparison beam, i.e., of the beam whose brightness is reduced till it becomes equal to that of the other. Now it is found that in ordinary cases the error of the eye's judgment in such measurements amounts to about 4% or 5%, while the measurement of the instrumental regulation of the light can be made much more accurately.
On Professor Seeliger's Theory of Temporary Stars
Authors: Halm J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractProfessor Becker's paper “On the Spectrum of Nova Persei and the Structure of its Bands,” recently published in the Transactions of this Society, contains an interesting confirmation of some results already pointed out by Messrs Campbell and Wright of the Lick Observatory, which seem to be of considerable importance for the theory of temporary stars. By most careful micrometric measurements of the positions of the bright and dark bands in the photographic spectrum of Nova Persei, Professor Becker arrives at the conclusion that all the bands are similar in type, and that the distances of corresponding maxima and minima from the centres of the bands are proportional to the wave-lengths. The results derived from the Lick photographs point to exactly the same conclusion. It appears, therefore, from these two carefully and independently executed series of observations, that the chemical nature of the elements, whose light-vibrations gave rise to the selective radiations and absorptions noticed in Nova Persei, had no influence on the appearance of the bands. According to the Lick observers, there is no evidence that the structure and character of these bands were affected by other considerations than that of wave-length.
XXVIII.—The Theory of Hessians in the Historical Order of Development up to 1860.
Authors: Muir Thomas 
Published: June 2016

SPECIAL cases of the determinantwhere u is a function of x, y, z, …, may well have appeared at a very early date in the history of determinants. The case where u=ax2+2bxy+cy2 may be viewed as traceable to Lagrange (1773), and the case where u=ax2+by2+cz2+2dyz+2ezx+2fxy to Gauss (1801); but it is certain that in those cases the elements of the determinants were not looked on as second differential-quotients of u. The general conception first occurred to Hesse in the year 1843.
XXX.—The Geometry of Twin Crystals
Authors: Evans John W. 
Published: June 2016

In a communication to the Mineralogical Society, published in September 1910 (Min. Mag., vol. xv. p. 390), I suggested that the relation between the component structures of twin crystals was similar to that existing in combinations of crystals of different substances with definite relative orientation (Barker, Min. Mag., vol. xiv., 1907, p. 235), and was determined by equality of molecular distances in the two structures in the plane of contact or composition.It has been my purpose in the present paper to determine what are the possible, geometrical relations between crystal structures in which such equality exists in all or some of the molecular rows in the plane of contact.
Suggestions towards a Theory of Electricity based on the Bubble Atom
Authors: Fraser John 
Published: June 2016

In a paper read before the Royal Society of Edinburgh, on 6th January 1902, and printed in its “Proceedings,” I attempted to explain the constitution of matter by supposing the atoms of matter to be bubbles of ether.In order to fully understand what follows it is absolutely necessary to read that paper in its entirety, but for the benefit of those who may not have access to it, or who do not care to enter deeply into the subject, I give a short synopsis of it.