bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High strain rate behavior of polycaprolactone reinforced with aramid nanofiber for insight into dynamic behavior
Authors: Griffiths Evan A. , Berrington Blaine M. , Andriolo Jessica M. , Coguill Scott L. , Pramanik Brahmananda , Skinner Jack L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSelf-healing materials are repairable and extend product lifetimes but are limited in application due to their mechanical properties such as low yield strength. Here, we examined the dynamic mechanical performance of an elastomeric polymer composite containing aramid nanofibers. These studies provided an economically feasible foundation to understand the reinforcement concentration and resultant mechanical properties that would result should aramid nanofibers be used to reinforce a self-healing polymer that requires complex synthesis methods and expensive reactants. The elastomeric polymer used was polycaprolactone containing various weight percent aramid nanofibers. Dynamic mechanical testing of these samples was performed using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar system that enabled quantification of polymer softening and aramid nanofiber reinforcement. Dynamic flow stress and strain rates were also calculated with these data. Crystallinity and thermal softening effects of solvent dissolution of polycaprolactone are explored to further characterize the performance of aramid nanofibers as a fiber in composite materials.
Graphical abstract
Isolation, Social Distancing, and the End Times
Authors: Radford Raymond 
Published: September 2024

The Novel Coronavirus (also known as COVID-19) caused the systematic isolation of countries and lockdown of their citizens around the world. The high infection rate, and the rapidly climbing death tolls from both prepared and unprepared countries, caused consternation. Global economic uncertainty surrounded the virus, and reactions from individuals and communities were unpredictable, and in cases, unprecedented. This article considers the reactions and the responses to COVID-19 from people who tended towards right-leaning groups, primarily (but not limited) to those within conspiracist milieus, in the United States. These individuals and groups utilized the pandemic to push narratives that strengthened their own existence and planned future political actions. I will also examine reactions from religious organizations that deemed the virus to be non-existent (fraudulent or not harmful to the saved), arguing that the power of prayer and God will keep their members safe. This includes those who sold ‘miracle cures’ (including bleach, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, two anti-malarial drugs) to their parishioners in times of great uncertainty. This article aims to clarify and explain the ways individuals and groups utilized the uncertainty in order to further entrench their own narratives and worldviews, often for financial gain. It also separates strands of resistance to government measures according to the classifications religious, conspiracist, and religio-conspiracist.
The Structure of Left Ventricular Relaxation in Case of Ventriculography
Authors: Lakomkin V. L. , Abramov A. A. , Prosvirnin A. V. , Tereshchenko A. S. , Arutunan G. K. , Samko A. N. , Kapelko V. I. 
Published: September 2024

Aim. To study the relaxation structure of the left ventricle (LV) in patients who underwent ventriculography.Material and methods. LV ventriculography was performed in 37 patients. Before catheterization, echocardiography was performed in each patient. In 6 patients, the LV ejection fraction (EF) was below 40%; these patients with systolic dysfunction were not included in the study. In 31 patients, the LV EF was higher than 50%. In this group, 13 patients had NYHA functional class (FC) 2-3 chronic heart failure (CHF); the rest of the patients had FC 1 CHF. Eighteen of 31 patients had stable ischemic heart disease; 50% of these patients had a history of myocardial infarction; the rest of the patients had hypertension and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. The dynamics of the LV pressure decrease was analyzed from the moment of the maximum rate of pressure drop, which usually coincides with the closure of the aortic valves. The pressure drop curve was logarithmized with natural logarithms and divided into 4-5 sections with different degrees of curve slope. The relaxation time constant was calculated for each section. Its inverse value characterizes the relaxation time constant (tau).Results. In 31 patients with LV EF 52-60%, three types of the dynamics of the relaxation rate constant were identified during the pressure decrease in the isovolumic phase: in 9 patients, the isovolumic relaxation constant (IRC) steadily increased as the pressure decreased; in 13 patients, it continuously decreased; and in 9 patients, the dynamics of IRC change was intermediate, with an initial increase followed by a decrease.Conclusion. In diastolic dysfunction, one group of patients had an adaptation type associated with an increase in the LV wall elasticity, while the other group had a different type of adaptation associated with its decrease. Each type has advantages and disadvantages. This is probably due to changes in the structure of the sarcomeric protein connectin (titin).
Isolated Oligohydramnios Might Be Associated With Less Favorable Delivery and Composite Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Atia Hytham , Qayoom Zamira 
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:Isolated oligohydramnios occurs in 1%–2% of pregnancies when amniotic fluid is reduced in otherwise normal pregnancies. The actual clinical significance and optimal management are still unclear. We investigated how isolated oligohydramnios affects birth mode and perinatal outcomes.METHODS:A retrospective case-control study compared an isolated oligohydramnios group with a low-risk pregnancy group whose gestational age was between 32 and 41 weeks between January 2017 and December 2020. We recruited 636 women, 277 isolated oligohydramnios patients, and 359 controls. The primary outcomes were birth mode and perinatal outcomes.RESULTS:Compared with that in the control group, the emergency cesarean section rate was higher with isolated oligohydramnios (43.3% vs. 14.2%, relative risk [RR] 4.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] [3.2, 6.8],p< .001). This group also had a greater incidence of an Apgar score of <7 at 5 minutes (6.5% vs. 1.9% [RR 3.49, 95% CI [1.44, 8.49],p =.003]), transient tachypnea of the newborn (5.1% vs. 0.3% [RR 19.05, 95% CI [2.49, 14.5],p< .001]), neonatal intensive care unit admission (7.9% vs. 1.7% [RR 5.08, 95% CI [2.03, 12.69],p< .001]), and perinatal mortality (2.5% vs. 0%,p= .002). Women with isolated oligohydramnios who received labor induction had a higher emergency cesarean section rate than noninduced women did (57% vs. 34.7%,p< .001), without a negative impact on perinatal outcomes.CONCLUSION:We found that isolated oligohydramnios was linked to poorer birth and composite perinatal outcomes. Delaying birth until term or even full term reduced the cesarean section rate and transient tachypnea of the newborn. Labor induction resulted in more emergency cesarean sections but had no negative impact on perinatal morbidity.
A Case Study on Hotels as Noncongregate Emergency Living Accommodations for Returning Citizens
Authors: Lopez-Humphreys Mayra , Archibald Paul , Grassfield Eve 
Published: September 2024

Background:The Transitional Hotel Project (THP) is a noncongregate emergency hotel initiative with comprehensive wraparound services implemented at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was designed to address the emergency housing needs of adults transitioning from incarceration (returning citizens) to community reintegration.Objective:The study aims to explore the external and internal recovery needs of returning citizens participating in the THP, with a focus on their housing stability, mental and behavioral health, employment, and the development of prosocial relationships.Methods:This mixed-methods case study used de-identified case management data, focus groups, and interviews with 24 participants, including employees, key partners, and returning citizens. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes related to the recovery process of returning citizens.Findings:A thematic analysis revealed three primary themes: (a) safety, including both physical and psychological aspects; (b) mutual empathy; and (c) person-centered decision-making. Two subthemes emerged under the safety theme: (a) physical safety and (b) psychological safety. Mutual empathy between participants and peer mentor staff played a critical role in fostering the recovery of returning citizens.Conclusions:The findings suggest that the physical and psychological safety provided within the hotel setting, along with the empathy and support from peer mentor staff, were significant factors contributing to positive changes in returning citizens. These elements of the THP appear to have facilitated improvements in both external recovery needs (e.g., housing stability and employment) and internal recovery processes (e.g., restructured self-identity, human agency, and perceptions of hope).
ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEEDS IN STUDENTS 12-15 YEARS USING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEEDS INDICATOR (IKPO) IN BANJARMASIN
Authors: Hapizah Elvina , Dwi Kurniawan Fajar Kusuma , Sari Galuh Dwinta , Wibowo Diana , Wardani Ika Kusuma 
Published: September 2024

Background: Based on the data from Riskesdas (Primary Health Research) of 2013, the prevalence of malocclusion in 12-15 years old in the Province of South Kalimantan was 5.6%, which was the age group with the highest malocclusion over other age groups. Malocclusion itself is a dental abnormality that ranks third after dental caries and periodontal disease in oral health problems in Indonesia with a very high prevalence of around 83.3%. Treatment for malocclusion condition can be performed by orthodontic treatment. One of the indexes for measuring orthodontic treatment needs is IKPO (Orthodontic Treatment Needs Indicator). This indicator is highly suitable to be used as an instrument to find out the orthodontic treatment needs of students, especially in Indonesia. Objective: To find out the level of orthodontic treatment needs in students 12-15 years old using Orthodontic Treatment Needs Indicator (IKPO) according to age and gender. Methods: The study conducted was quantitative descriptive research with a cross-sectional approach. Samples were 108 students of 12-15 years old in 5 Junior High Schools in Banjarmasin. Every sample filled out IKPO questionnaires to asses orthodontic treatment needs. Results: The results of the study showed that 88% of respondents need orthodontic treatment. This consisted of 58 female students and 37 male students. The age group that required the most orthodontic treatment in this study was 12 years old. Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment needs in students 12-15 years old were high in Banjarmasin, which was measured using IKPO.
The Challenges of Environmental Protection in Outer Space Following Russia’s Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Weapon Test Activities
Authors: Claudya Ribqha , Handayani Irawati 
Published: September 2024

<p><em>One of the effects of space activities is the creation of space debris that can endanger either the space environment or the Earth’s environment. In response to concerns regarding a swift escalation in space debris, Russia tested its Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Weapon by deploying the PL-19 Nudol missile against its satellite, Cosmos 1408, generating space debris. This situation certainly raises the question of how to protect the environment in space and whether international environmental law that provides a legal framework for protection in the world can also be applied in outer space. This article offers a new perspective on implementing international law to protect the space environment. This study adopts normative juridical research methods by utilizing a statute and case approach to analyze the research. The analysis showed that space debris generated from ASAT Weapon testing activities by Russia is regarded as harmful contamination under Article IX of OST under the interpretation of the term through the method of interpretation regulated in the 1969 VCLT because these activities produce long-lived space debris. Further, Russia violated the principles of environmental protection in space by failing to fulfill the obligations contained in these principles, such as taking precautionary measures and international consultations before carrying out such test activities.</em></p>
The Burden of Injuries Associated With E-Bikes, Powered Scooters, Hoverboards, and Bicycles in the United States: 2019‒2022
Authors: Burford Kathryn G. , Itzkowitz Nicole G. , Rundle Andrew G. , DiMaggio Charles , Mooney Stephen J. 
Published: September 2024

Objectives. To describe the national burden of injuries associated with e-bikes, bicycles, hoverboards, and powered scooters (micromobility devices) in the United States. Methods. We compared patterns and trends for 1 933 296 estimated injuries associated with micromobility devices from 2019 to 2022 using National Electronic Injury Surveillance System data. Results. The population-based rates of e-bike and powered scooter injuries increased by 293.0% and 88.0%, respectively. When reported, powered scooter injuries had the highest proportion for alcohol use (9.0%) compared with other modes, whereas e-bike injuries had the highest proportion for motor vehicle involvement (35.4%). Internal injuries were more likely among e-bike diagnoses than hoverboard and bicycle ( P < .05), but fractures and concussions were more likely among hoverboard diagnoses compared with all other devices ( P < .05). When helmet use was identified in clinical notes (20.3%), helmet usage was higher among e-bike injuries (43.8%) compared with powered scooter (34.8%) and hoverboard (30.3%) injuries but lower compared with bicycle injuries (48.7%). Conclusions. The incidence of severe e-bike and powered scooter injuries increased over the 4-year period. Public health stakeholders should focus on improved surveillance and prevention of injuries associated with electric micromobility devices. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(12):1365–1374. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307820 )
Applying the Approach of Greening the Blue Economy to the Marine Surfaces in Egypt
Authors: ATTALLAH NASHWA , ATTIA ABEER 
Published: September 2024

This paper sheds light on the approach of greening the blue economy that has gained worldwide attention recently. As a subfield of the green economy, the term “blue economy” was introduced in 2012 during the Rio + 20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development focusing on marine activities and oceans environments. It implies a new mechanism by promoting the sustainable use as well as the preservation of the marine environment while generating new cash flow, creating jobs and building social capital. According to UNEP, a switch to a blue economy will reduce degradation, alleviate poverty and unlock the potential of the marine-based economy. Egypt enjoys abundant riches inherent inside its marine surfaces which are being degraded by unsustainable use, eventually putting their ecosystems, food security and climate regulations at severe risk. Only 2.2% of Egypt's GDP is made up by the blue economy. This is despite its strategic geographic location with coastlines extending over 3,000 km along the Red, Mediterranean, and Gulf of Aqaba seas, as well as 50 marine ports with 197 terminals spanning 37.5 km.This paper will be a big step on the right path. It investigates the extent to which the application of greening the blue economy with emphasis on tourism, could contribute to the sustainable development of Egypt’s marine resources and society. Through a SWOT analysis that highlights the strengths, weaknessess, opportunities and threats, the authors provide suggestions and implications to the various stakeholders .

Keywords: greening the blue economy, Egypt’s marine surfaces, sustainable development, tourism.
Defective X Chromosome Inactivation and Cancer Risk in Women
Authors: caceres alejandro , Perez-Jurado Luis , Alegret-Garcia Albert , Dwaraka Varun , Smith Ryan , Conzalez Juan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a fundamental mechanism in placental mammals that compensates for gene dosage differences between sexes. Using methylation levels of genes under XCI, we establish defective levels of XCI as a new source of interindividual variation among cancer types in females, characterized by strong XISTdownregulation and upregulation and enrichment of genes under XCI. We show that defective XCI is an additive factor to the cancer risk of XCI escape deregulation in women. Defective XCI of more than 10% has an attributable risk of 40% among 12 different cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Validations between independent studies of breast cancer samples show that defective XCI increases triple-negative subtype frequency, decreases survival rates, and is reduced by chemotherapy treatment. Mechanistically, it is associated with somatic mutations at TP53 and top MCY gains. In independent studies, defective XCI is detectable in blood and increases with aging, menopause, and cancer diagnosis.
Parental participation in newborn care in the view of health care providers in Uganda: a qualitative study
Authors: Wanduru Phillip , Hanson Claudia , Kwesiga Doris , Kakooza-Mwesige Angelina , Alvesson Helle Mölsted , Waiswa Peter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Evidence suggests that family-centered care for sick newborns, where parents are co-caregivers in newborn care units, can result in increased breastfeeding frequency, higher weight gain, earlier discharge, and reduced parental anxiety. This study explored healthcare providers' perceptions and experiences of parental participation in care for sick newborns in the newborn care units in two high-volume maternity units in Uganda, with the aim of informing interventions that promote family-centered care for newborns.
Methods
An exploratory qualitative study was conducted between August and December 2023. Sixteen in-depth interviews were held at a regional and general hospital in the rural eastern region of Uganda. The interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed, followed by a reflexive thematic analysis approach to generate themes.
Findings:
We identified four key themes: (1) creating order to ensure the safety of newborns in the newborn care unit; (2) parental participation as a tool for overcoming workload in the Newborn care unit; (3) redirecting parental involvement to focus on medically endorsed newborn care practices; and (4) stress management targeting mothers to ensure newborn survival.
Conclusion
Healthcare providers encourage parents to participate in caring for their newborns in the newborn care units, mainly to reduce their workload. However, our study highlights the imbalanced nature of parental involvement, where HCPs control the tasks parents can or cannot perform, essentially deploying them as "assistants" rather than equal partners, contrary to the ideals of family-centered care. Transforming the current "healthcare provider-centered" model of caring for sick newborns to one that is family-centered will require training providers on the benefits of family-centered care and developing guidelines for its structured implementation within a resource-limited setting.
Testing Application-Based Tasking and Hotspots Policing: A Two-in-One Randomised Trial
Authors: Olphin Tori P. A. , Miller Owen , Portnell Nick , Prescott-Mayling Lewis , Young Chris , Hewitt Jade 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Test the impact of mobile application-targeted patrols of Joint Operations Unit officers at hotspots of violent crime on levels of patrol conducted, and levels of violence in those locations.
Methods
Crossover-randomized experiment, with hotspots (n = 45) randomly allocated using a mobile phone-based tasking application, with half allocated each day. Impact on levels of patrol and of violent crime were examined using t and chi-squared tests.
Results
Tasking via app led to dramatically increased officer time in hotspots. An 8.74% decrease in violent crime was seen but was non-significant, and with lower effect sizes than have been found elsewhere.
Conclusion
Using a tasking application provided a cost-effective mechanism for achieving hotspots patrols using business-as-usual resources. Traditionally designed hotspots didn’t appear optimal for policing violent crime in Thames Valley, and these need to be redesigned to work for the geography and crime density in Thames Valley. Further research should test redesigned hotspots.
Does education attainment affect the knowledge, attitude and practices of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance among Chinese public?
Authors: Huang Zhongyue , Lin Likai , Zhuo Chuyue , Zhuo Chao , Zou Guanyang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Antibiotic resistance has become a serious global public health threat this century. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards antibiotics and antibiotic resistance among the public at different education attainment.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in China from November 2020 to April 2021. Knowledge, attitude and practices of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, KAP for antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Linear regression analysis and XGBoost models were employed to identify factors associated with KAP of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance.
Results: A total of 3,135 respondents completed the questionnaire, of which there were slightly more respondents with a college degree and above (1697, 54.1%) than those with a below college degree (1438, 45.9%). Respondents’ knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning antibiotics and antibiotic resistance remained at a moderate level. Both linear regression analysis and XGBoost models revealed that education attainment was significantly associated with KAP of respondents. Respondents with higher education attainment exhibited better knowledge, a more positive attitude, and more rational practices regarding antibiotics and antibiotic resistance.
Conclusion: The insufficient KAP of the public towards antibiotics and antibiotic resistance may lead to an increase in irrational antibiotic use. It is necessary to enhance public education on antibiotics and antibiotic resistance by diversifying the forms of education.