bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic effects of extract ofAcmella oleraceae(Jambú) inRhipicephalus microplusfemales ticks
Authors: de Oliveira Patrícia rosa , de Carvalho Castro Karina Neoob , Anholeto Luis Adriano , Camargo Mathias Maria Izabel 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe present study analyzed the effects of different concentrations of the hexane extract ofA. oleraceae(HEAO) (Jambú) on the germ cells of semi‐engorgedRhipicephalus microplusfemale ticks, through a morpho‐histological study, evaluating the effectiveness of the extract in the genesis of the individuals. To perform this analysis, 100 semi‐engorged females were divided into five groups with 20 individuals each: groups I and II, respectively constituted by distilled water control and 50% ethanol + 1% DMSO, and groups III, IV, and V constituted by treatment with HEAO in the concentrations of 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/mL, respectively. All the ticks were immersed in the different concentrations of the extract or in distilled water for 5 minutes, dried and conditioned in BOD incubator for 7 days. The individuals of the treatment groups revealed the action of this extract showing alterations in the germ cells of the females from the different groups when compared with those from the groups I and II (control groups). These alterations were mainly related to the size and shape of the oocytes; number of yolk granules; presence, number, size and location of vacuoles in the cytoplasm of all the germ cells; and the presence of nuclear alterations in these cells as well. Thus, it was demonstrated that the concentrations of HEAO affected the germ cells ofR. microplusticks. The effects of the extract are similar to those caused by renowned and efficient chemical products used to control these ticks.Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:744–753, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Precipitation trends and teleconnections identified using quantile regressions over Xinjiang, China
Authors: Tan Xuezhi , Shao Dongguo 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTPrecipitation in Xinjiang, China, was modelled with covariates, such as time and climate indices, using quantile regressions. Compared to a frequentist quantile regression, a Bayesian quantile regression tended to generate smoother and narrower band confidence intervals of quantile regression coefficients, especially at extremely high and low quantile levels. A full picture of temporal trends at quantile levels from 0.01 to 0.99 indicates that the wet season (May to August) precipitation in Northern Xinjiang and the western regions of Southern Xinjiang showed statistically significant increases with different magnitudes over all quantile levels. However, the wet season precipitation in South‐eastern Xinjiang decreased at some quantile levels. The Eastern Atlantic/Western Russia (EAWR) pattern was the most significant large‐scale climate pattern that influenced wet season precipitation when compared to other studied patterns, i.e. the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the Northern Oscillation (NO), the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The quantile regression coefficients associated with theEAWRindex positively increased from low to high quantile levels. TheENSOsignificantly affected the extremely high wet season precipitation in Xinjiang. El Niño increased and La Niña decreased wet season precipitation in Northern Xinjiang, with different magnitudes at different quantile levels. Other climate patterns, i.e. theAMO,PDO,NO,NAOandAO, did not evidently affect the wet season precipitation conditional on theENSOandEAWR. These findings suggest that the predictability of seasonal precipitation over Xinjiang can be improved by incorporating indices associated with theENSOandEAWRas model predictors.
Non‐destructive evaluation of bacteria‐infected watermelon seeds using visible/near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Lee Hoonsoo , Kim Moon S. , Song Yu‐Rim , Oh Chang‐Sik , Lim Hyoun‐Sub , Lee Wang‐Hee , Kang Jum‐Soon , Cho Byoung‐Kwan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a need to minimize economic damage by sorting infected seeds from healthy seeds before seeding. However, current methods of detecting infected seeds, such as seedling grow‐out, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the real‐time PCR have a critical drawbacks in that they are time‐consuming, labor‐intensive and destructive procedures. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of visible/near‐infrared (Vis/NIR) hyperspectral imaging system for detecting bacteria‐infected watermelon seeds.RESULTSA hyperspectral Vis/NIR reflectance imaging system (spectral region of 400–1000 nm) was constructed to obtain hyperspectral reflectance images for 336 bacteria‐infected watermelon seeds, which were then subjected to partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) and a least‐squares support vector machine (LS‐SVM) to classify bacteria‐infected watermelon seeds from healthy watermelon seeds. The developed system detected bacteria‐infected watermelon seeds with an accuracy > 90% (PLS‐DA: 91.7%, LS‐SVM: 90.5%), suggesting that the Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging system is effective for quarantining bacteria‐infected watermelon seeds.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study show that it is possible to use the Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging system for detecting bacteria‐infected watermelon seeds. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
High‐Temperature Study of 2‐Methyl Furan and 2‐Methyl Tetrahydrofuran Combustion
Authors: Jouzdani Shirin , Eldeeb Mazen A. , Zhang Lingshu , Akih‐Kumgeh Ben 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe ignition behavior of methyl furan (2‐MF) and methyl tetrahydrofuran (2‐MTHF) is investigated using the shock tube technique. Experiments are carried out using homogeneous gaseous mixtures of fuel, oxygen, and argon with equivalence ratios, ϕ, of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 at average pressures of 3 and 12 atm over a temperature range of 1060–1300 K. In addition to ignition delay time measurements, fuel concentration time histories during ignition and pyrolysis of 2‐MTHF are obtained by means of laser absorption spectroscopy using a He–Ne laser at a fixed wavelength of 3.39 µm. With respect to ignition delay times, it is observed that under similar conditions of equivalence ratio and argon/oxygen ratio (D), 2‐MTHF has longer ignition delay times than 2‐MF at 3 atm. In addition, 2‐MTHF has longer ignition delay times than 2‐MF at higher temperatures for the case of 12 atm and under the same conditions of ϕ and D. The higher reactivity of 2‐MF, as indicated by shorter ignition delay times, is attributed to differences in chemical structure, whereby weaker C–H bond sites are more readily susceptible to radical attack than in 2‐MTHF. It is observed that ignition delay times of 2‐MTHF decrease with increasing equivalence ratio at 12 atm for fixed argon/oxygen ratio. Ignition delay times are compared with model predictions using recent chemical kinetic models of both fuels, showing that both models generally predict shorter ignition delay times than measured. The relatively higher absorption cross section of 2‐MTHF at 3.39 µm allows for its concentration time histories to be determined and compared to model predictions. In line with the observed discrepancy in ignition predictions, predicted 2‐MTHF concentration profiles are such that the fuel is shown to be more rapidly consumed than observed in the experiments. The study advances understanding of the combustion chemistry of these cyclic ethers that are potential alternative fuels.
Runoff Development and Soil Erosion in a Wet Tropical Montane Setting under Coffee Cultivation
Authors: Ramos‐Scharrón Carlos E. , Thomaz Edivaldo L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe western interior portions of Puerto Rico offer optimal climatic conditions for coffee cultivation. However, land and water degradation result when abrupt topographic relief and high annual rainfall combine with forest conversion for coffee farming. Small‐scale rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to quantify runoff and erosion from four land surface types (i.e., mulched, weed‐covered, and bare soils under active cultivation, and unpaved roads) representative of coffee farms in Puerto Rico. Results show that mulch‐covered soils had runoff coefficients similar to those from undisturbed forested conditions (~4%), and that they eroded at rates about a quarter of those for bare cultivated soils. Weed‐covered soils had surprisingly high runoff coefficients (~70%), yet their erosion rates were only three‐fourths of those for bare soils. Annualized erosion rates from unpaved roads were 65 Mg ha−1 y−1, or ten times greater than bare soils and about a hundred times higher than weed‐ or mulch‐covered surfaces. Farm‐scale sediment production estimates amount to ~11 Mg ha−1 y−1, about two‐orders of magnitude higher than under forested conditions. At the farm‐scale, only 2 – 8% of the total sediment is potentially attributable to cultivated hillslopes. In contrast, unpaved roads may account for over 90% of the sediment budget, even though they comprise only 15% of the farm surface area. Therefore, while providing mulch or a vegetative cover to bare cultivated soils should be part of effective soil management, mitigating the effects of coffee cultivation on downstream water resources must focus on the unpaved road network as the primary sediment source. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Mulching with Vegetative Residues on Soil Water Erosion and Water Balance in an Oxisol Cropped by Cassava in East Cameroon
Authors: Nishigaki Tomohiro , Shibata Makoto , Sugihara Soh , Mvondo‐Ze Antoine David , Araki Shigeru , Funakawa Shinya 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSoil water erosion is a major agricultural concern in tropical Africa with high precipitation and low soil fertility where Oxisols are generally distributed. A field experiment was conducted in east Cameroon during the rainy season in 2013 to investigate the effects of surface mulching with the residues of Imperata cylindrica on soil losses and surface runoff water generation in a cassava cropland on an Oxisol. Three treatments were established using two small plots for each treatment: bare plot (BA), cassava plot (CA) and cassava with mulch plot (CM). Soil loss and surface runoff water were measured, and water budgets of rainfall, surface runoff and soil moisture within rainfall events were measured in all treatment plots. Runoff coefficients in all treatment plots were suppressed below 8·0% because the large volume of large pores of surface soil of Oxisols contributed to the high drainage capacity over a rainy season even under wet soil moisture conditions. Total soil loss in CM was decreased by 49% compared with that in BA and CA, despite there not being a large difference in runoff water among treatments. These results suggest that surface mulching with the residues of I. cylindrica can substantially suppress soil losses caused by particle detachment by raindrops, while it maintain soil surface with originally high permeability in cassava croplands on Oxisols. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postoperative Rehabilitation Strategies Used by Adults With Cochlear Implants: A Pilot Study
Authors: Harris Michael S. , Capretta Natalie R. , Henning Shirley C. , Feeney Laura , Pitt Mark A. , Moberly Aaron C. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisAural rehabilitation is not standardized for adults after cochlear implantation. Most cochlear implant (CI) centers in the United States do not routinely enroll adult CI users in focused postoperative rehabilitation programs due to poor reimbursement and lack of data supporting (or refuting) the efficacy of any one specific approach. Consequently, patients generally assume a self‐driven approach toward rehabilitation. This exploratory pilot study examined rehabilitation strategies pursued by adults with CIs and associated these strategies with speech recognition and CI‐specific quality of life (QOL).Study DesignCross‐sectional study of 23 postlingually deafened adults with CIs.MethodsParticipants responded to an open‐ended questionnaire regarding rehabilitation strategies. A subset underwent in‐depth interviews. Thematic content analysis was applied to the questionnaires and interview transcripts. Participants also underwent word recognition testing and completed a CI‐related QOL measure. Participants were classified as having good or poor performance (upper or lower quartile for speech recognition) and high or low QOL (upper or lower quartile for QOL). Rehabilitation themes were compared and contrasted among groups.ResultsFive rehabilitation themes were identified: 1) Preimplant expectations of postoperative performance, 2) personal motivation, 3) social support, 4) specific rehabilitation strategies, and 5) patient‐perceived role of the audiologist. Patients with good speech recognition and high QOL tended to pursue more active rehabilitation and had greater social support. Patient expectations and motivation played significant roles in postoperative QOL.ConclusionPostoperative patient‐driven rehabilitation strategies are highly variable but appear to relate to outcomes. Larger‐scale extensions of this pilot study are needed.
Sensory Tricks for Cervical Levodopa‐induced Dyskinesia in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Shin Hae‐Won , Ryu Ho‐Sung , Kim Juyeon , Kim Mi‐Jung , Hallett Mark , Chung Sun Ju 
Published: June 2016

AbstractView Supplementary Video 1Choreiform or dystonic movement in the craniocervical region can occur as levodopa‐induced dyskinesia (LID). “Sensory tricks” are various alleviating maneuvers for the relief of abnormal postures in patients who have idiopathic focal dystonia, particularly those who have cervical dystonia. The authors report on three men with Parkinson's disease who had been receiving levodopa for more than 3 years and presented with involuntary neck movements during the drug on period. In all three patients, cervical LIDs appeared during the drug on period and completely disappeared during the drug off period. The effects of using sensory tricks to markedly improve the symptoms of cervical LID were studied. In all patients, the cervical LIDs improved more efficiently when sensory tricks were performed on the patient by another person (passive tricks) than by the patient himself (self‐sensory tricks). The unique features of the sensory tricks for cervical LID in the current patients may be important clinical evidence of abnormal sensorimotor integration in patients who have PD with LID.
Estimation of bladder contractility from intravesical pressure–volume measurements
Authors: Fry Christopher H. , Gammie Andrew , Drake Marcus John , Abrams Paul , Kitney Darryl Graham , Vahabi Bahareh 
Published: June 2016

AimsTo describe parameters from urodynamic pressure recordings that describe urinary bladder contractility through the use of principles of muscle mechanics.MethodsSubtracted detrusor pressure and voided flow were recorded from patients undergoing filling cystometry. The isovolumetric increase of detrusor pressure, P, of a voluntary bladder contraction before voiding was used to generate a plot of (dP/dt)/P versus P. Extrapolation of the plot to the y‐axis and the x‐axis generated a contractility parameter, vCE (the maximum rate of pressure development) and the maximum isovolumetric pressure, P0, respectively. Similar curves were obtained in ex vivo pig bladders with different concentrations of the inotropic agent carbachol and shown in a supplement.ResultsValues of vCE, but not P0, diminished with age in female subjects. vCE was most significantly associated with the 20–80% duration of isovolumetric contraction t20–80; and a weaker association with maximum flow rate and BCI in women. P0 was not associated with any urodynamic variable in women, but in men was with t20–80 and isovolumetric pressure indices.ConclusionsThe rate of isovolumetric subtracted detrusor pressure (t20–80) increase shows a very significant association with indices of bladder contractility as derived from a derived force–velocity curve. We propose that t20–80 is a detrusor contractility parameter (DCP). Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1009–1014, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical efficacy and safety of mirabegron and imidafenacin in women with overactive bladder: A randomized crossover study (the MICRO study)
Authors: Torimoto Kazumasa , Matsushita Chie , Yamada Atsushi , Goto Daisuke , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Hosokawa Yukinari , Miyake Makito , Aoki Katsuya , Hirayama Akihide , Tanaka Nobumichi , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: June 2016

AimsWe aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of mirabegron, a β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, and imidafenacin, an anticholinergic agent, in overactive bladder patients.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, prospective randomized cross‐over study at 5 hospitals in Japan from December 2012 to June 2015. We enrolled female patients with overactive bladder aged ≥50 years, who had never received treatment for the condition. The patients were assigned to Group A or B. Group A patients were administered mirabegron (50 mg per day) for 8 weeks, followed by a 2‐week washout period, and then imidafenacin (0.2 mg per day) for 8 weeks. This order of drug administration was reversed in Group B.ResultsA total of 33 and 18 patients in Group A and 37 and 26 patients in Group B continued to receive treatment at weeks 8 and 18, respectively. Mirabegron administration significantly improved overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), the urinary frequency per 24 hr, voided volume per micturition, and number of nocturia episodes per night at week 8. Moreover, imidafenacin administration improved all these variables, except for the number of nocturia episodes per night at week 8. No significant difference was observed in the drug effects between mirabegron and imidafenacin. Although imidafenacin administration significantly increased the scores for dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation, mirabegron administration did not.ConclusionsMirabegron and imidafenacin have the same efficacy. Imidafenacin administration is associated with a higher rate of dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation as compared to mirabegron administration. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1097–1103, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imprinted survival genes preclude loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 7 in cancer cells
Authors: Boot Arnoud , Oosting Jan , de Miranda Noel FCC , Zhang Yinghui , Corver Willem E , van de Water Bob , Morreau Hans , van Wezel Tom 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe genomes of a wide range of cancers, including colon, breast, and thyroid cancers, frequently show copy number gains of chromosome 7 and rarely show loss of heterozygosity. The molecular basis for this phenomenon is unknown. Strikingly, oncocytic follicular thyroid carcinomas can display an extreme genomic profile, with homozygosity of all chromosomes except for chromosome 7. The observation that homozygosity of chromosome 7 is never observed suggests that retention of heterozygosity is essential for cells. We hypothesized that cell survival genes are genetically imprinted on either of two copies of chromosome 7, which thwarts loss of heterozygosity at this chromosome in cancer cells. By employing a DNA methylation screen and gene expression analysis, we identified six imprinted genes that force retention of heterozygosity on chromosome 7. Subsequent knockdown of gene expression showed that CALCR, COPG2, GRB10, KLF14, MEST, and PEG10 were essential for cancer cell survival, resulting in reduced cell proliferation, G1‐phase arrest, and increased apoptosis. We propose that imprinted cell survival genes provide a genetic basis for retention of chromosome 7 heterozygosity in cancer cells. The monoallelically expressed cell survival genes identified in this study, and the cellular pathways that they are involved in, offer new therapeutic targets for the treatment of tumours showing retention of heterozygosity on chromosome 7. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of supercritical CO2 on the copolymerization behavior of cyclohexene oxide/CO2 and copolymer properties with DMC/Salen‐Co(III) catalyst system
Authors: Meng Qing‐Yang , Pepper Katie , Cheng Rui‐Hua , Howdle Steven M. , Liu Bo‐Ping 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) was carried out under supercritical CO2 (scCO2) conditions to afford poly (cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) in high yield. The scCO2 provided not only the C1 feedstock but also proved to be a very efficient solvent and processing aid for this copolymerization system. Double metal cyanide (DMC) and salen‐Co(III) catalysts were employed, demonstrating excellent CO2/CHO copolymerization with high yield and high selectivity. Surprisingly, our use of scCO2 was found to significantly enhance the copolymerization efficiency and the quality of the final polymer product. Thermally stable and high molecular weight (MW) copolymers were successfully obtained. Optimization led to excellent catalyst yield (656 wt/wt, polymer/catalyst) and selectivity (over 96% toward polycarbonate) that were significantly beyond what could be achieved in conventional solvents. Moreover, detailed thermal analyses demonstrated that the PCHC copolymer produced in scCO2 exhibited higher glass transition temperatures (Tg ∼ 114 °C) compared to polymer formed in dense phase CO2 (Tg ∼ 77 °C), and hence good thermal stability. Additionally, residual catalyst could be removed from the final polymer using scCO2, pointing toward a green method that avoids the use of conventional volatile organic‐based solvents for both synthesis and work‐up. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2785–2793
Outlook and Challenges of Nanotechnologies for Food Packaging
Authors: Wyser Yves , Adams Michael , Avella Maurizio , Carlander David , Garcia Leonor , Pieper Gabriele , Rennen Monique , Schuermans Jeroen , Weiss Jochen 
Published: June 2016

Nanotechnology has been considered to have high potential for food packaging applications very early on. The ability to provide additional consumer benefits through the improvement of key properties of packaging materials and the creation of new functionalities means that the increased use of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies is highly likely. It has however up to now failed to reach the widespread use that was initially expected, mainly because of remaining uncertainties on the safety of these materials during the various stages of their life‐cycle, which limit legal and consumer acceptance.This paper aims at presenting the latest developments in the field of nanotechnologies for food packaging applications, describing the legal framework linked to their usage and attempts to clarify the current knowledge of the safety of these materials both for the consumer and the environment.It is shown that particulate migration into foodstuff is absent in many applications, which drastically reduces the potential risk during the use phase of packaging materials, i.e. the exposure of the consumer to nanoparticles. Other release routes are also evaluated, showing that, although safe in normal use conditions, prudence should still be used, especially with regard to release after disposal of the materials. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Packaging Technology and Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd