bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point prevalence survey of indwelling urinary catheter use and appropriateness in patients living at home and receiving a community nursing service in Ireland
Authors: Forde Liz , Barry Fiona 
Published: December 2017

Background: Indwelling urinary catheters (IUC) are reported as the most common indwelling device in hospitals and residential/care home settings. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and appropriateness of IUCs in people living at home and receiving a community nursing service. Methods: An IUC self-report questionnaire was sent to 66 community nurses in one community care area. A second questionnaire was completed by the researcher on each patient (n = 80) identified by the community nurses. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test was used to test associations between patient demographics, catheter changes and nurses documentation. Results: The self-report questionnaire was completed by 46 of the 52 areas (88% response rate). The overall prevalence of IUCs was 1.9% with a higher prevalence among men (70%) and in the over-85-years age group (31%). The mean age was 76 years (age range = 34–98 years) and duration of use was approximately four years. Routine IUC changes were carried out by community nurses (52%), in the acute hospital (25%) or by general practitioners (20%) and the type of catheter influenced person/location of catheter changes ( P = 0.001). Discussion: This study adds to the understanding of IUCs in patients at home and is the first to investigate if the IUC is appropriate in this setting. It prompted a review of current guidance and development of standard documentation for IUC management locally to ensure that the IUC in use is appropriate. It also suggests that there is a need for internationally accepted, appropriate indications for long-term IUC use to facilitate consistency and allow comparison across studies in future.
Infection prevention and control: Who is the judge, you or the guidelines?
Authors: Bouchoucha Stephane L , Moore Kathleen A 
Published: December 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes and behaviours of registered nurses and their colleagues around the adoption of standard precautions in order to determine strategies to promote adherence. Design: A qualitative exploratory descriptive design used interviews and focus group to collect data. Setting: Registered nurses and registered midwifes from a tertiary metropolitan hospital took part in the study. Participants: A voluntary sample of 29 adults was recruited from the Australian nursing (n = 25) and midwifery (n = 4) workforce. There were six men (mean age = 36.83 years; SD = 8.93) and 23 women (mean age = 41.36 years; SD = 10.25). Participants were recruited through advertisement on notice boards and emails from unit managers. Results: Thematic analysis revealed five themes but the focus here is on staff judgements which are against the guidelines. Participants indicated that where in their judgement the patient posed no risk and they judged themselves skilled in the procedure, they were justified in deviating from the guidelines. Some staff judgements appeared to be self-protecting, while others were irrational and inconsistent. Conclusions: Despite use of standard precautions being mandated, staff often deviated from them based on their own assessment of the situation or the patient. Any deviance from the guidelines is of concern but especially so when staff take it upon themselves to apply their own criteria or judgements. These results also suggest there may be some organisational inadequacies with regards to training and supervision of staff.
Environmental temperature and exercise modality independently impact central and muscle fatigue among people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Grover Geetika , Ploughman Michelle , Philpott Devin T , Kelly Liam P , Devasahayam Augustine J , Wadden Katie , Power Kevin E , Button Duane C 
Published: December 2017

Background Heat sensitivity and fatigue limit the ability of multiple sclerosis patients to participate in exercise. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal aerobic exercise parameters (environmental temperature and exercise modality) to limit exercise-induced central and muscle fatigue among people with multiple sclerosis. Methods Fourteen people with multiple sclerosis with varying levels of disability completed four randomized exercise sessions at 65% of the maximal volume of oxygen: body-weight supported treadmill cool (16°C), body-weight supported treadmill room (21°C), total-body recumbent stepper cool and total-body recumbent stepper room. Maximum voluntary contraction, electromyography, and evoked contractile properties were collected from the more affected plantar flexors along with subjective levels of fatigue, body temperature and perceived level of exertion. Results Exercise in cooler room temperature increased maximum voluntary contraction force ( p = 0.010) and stabilized body temperature ( p = 0.011) compared to standard room temperature. People with multiple sclerosis experienced greater peak twitch torque ( p = 0.047), shorter time to peak twitch ( p = 0.035) and a longer half relaxation time ( p = 0.046) after total-body recumbent stepper suggestive of less muscle fatigue. Conclusion Cooling the exercise environment limits the negative effects of central fatigue during aerobic exercise and using total-body recumbent stepper (work distributed among four limbs) rather than body-weight supported treadmill lessens muscular fatigue. Therapists can titrate these two variables to help people with multiple sclerosis achieve sufficient exercise workloads.
Lower Limb Symmetry: Comparison of Muscular Power Between Dominant and Nondominant Legs in Healthy Young Adults Associated With Single-Leg-Dominant Sports
Authors: Vaisman Alex , Guiloff Rodrigo , Rojas Juan , Delgado Iris , Figueroa David , Calvo Rafael 
Published: December 2017

Background: Achieving a symmetrical power performance (difference <15%) between lower limbs is generally recommended during sports rehabilitation. However, athletes in single-leg-dominant sports, such as professional soccer players, could develop significant asymmetry between their dominant and nondominant legs, such that symmetry does not act as a viable comparison. Purpose: To (1) compare maximal muscular power between the dominant and nondominant legs in healthy young adults, (2) evaluate the effect of a single-leg-dominant sport activity performed at the professional level, and (3) propose a parameter of normality for maximal power difference in the lower limbs of this young adult population. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 78 healthy, male, young adults were divided into 2 groups according to sport activity level. Group 1 consisted of 51 nonathletes (mean ± SD age, 20.8 ± 1.5 years; weight, 71.9 ± 10.5 kg) who participated in less than 8 hours a week of recreational physical activity with nonspecific training; group 2 consisted of 27 single-leg-dominant professional soccer players (age, 18.4 ± 0.6 years; weight, 70.1 ± 7.5 kg) who specifically trained and competed at their particular activity 8 hours or more a week. For assessment of maximal leg power, both groups completed the single-leg squat jump test. Dominance was determined when participants completed 2 of 3 specific tests with the same extremity. Statistical analysis included the Student t test. Results: No statistical difference was found for maximal power between dominant and nondominant legs for nonathletes ( t = –1.01, P = .316) or single-leg-dominant professional soccer players ( t = –1.10, P = .281). A majority (95%) of participants studied showed a power difference of less than 15% between their lower extremities. Conclusion: Among young healthy adults, symmetrical power performance is expected between lower extremities independent of the existence of dominance and difference in sport activity level. A less than 15% difference in power seems to be a proper parameter to define symmetrical power performance assessed by vertical single-leg jump tests.
Mobile Web-Based Follow-up for Postoperative ACL Reconstruction: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Higgins James , Semple John , Murnaghan Lucas , Sharpe Sarah , Theodoropoulos John 
Published: December 2017

Background: The initial 6 weeks after surgery has been identified as an area for improvement in patient care. During this period, the persistence of symptoms that go unchecked can lead to unscheduled emergency room and clinic visits, calls to surgeons’ offices, and readmissions. Purpose: To analyze postoperative data from a previous study examining postoperative outcomes in 2 patient populations following breast reconstruction and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with use of a patient-centered mobile application. Here, the authors establish whether this method of follow-up can provide useful insight specific to the orthopaedic patient population, and they determine whether the mobile platform has the potential to modify their postoperative treatment. In addition, the authors examine its utility for orthopaedic physicians and patients. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Eligible patients undergoing ACL reconstruction from 2 surgeons were consecutively recruited to use a mobile smartphone application that allowed physicians to monitor their recovery at home. Data from 32 patients were collected via the application and analyzed to evaluate recovery trends during the first 6 postoperative weeks. Following completion of the study, patients and physicians were interviewed on their experience. Results: Data collected from each question in the mobile application provided insightful trends on daily real-time indicators of postoperative recovery. The application identified 1 patient who required in-person reassessment to rule out a possible infection, following surgeon review of an uploaded image. It was estimated that the majority of patients could have avoided follow-up at 2 and 6 weeks, owing to the application’s efficacy. Participants described their satisfaction with the device as excellent (43%), good (40%), fair (10%), and poor (7%), and 94% (n = 30) of patients reported that they would respond to questions using a similar application in the future. Both physicians rated their experience as positive and identified useful traits in the web portal. Conclusion: This system can accurately assess patient recovery; it has the potential to change how postoperative orthopaedic patients are followed, and it is well received by patients and physicians. Recognition of the study’s limitations and employment of user feedback to improve the current application are essential before a formal randomized controlled trial is conducted.
Trends in Shoulder Stabilization Techniques Used in the United States Based on a Large Private-Payer Database
Authors: Riff Andrew J. , Frank Rachel M. , Sumner Shelby , Friel Nicole , Bach Bernard R. , Verma Nikhil N. , Romeo Anthony A. 
Published: December 2017

Background: Arthroscopic stabilization is the most broadly used surgical procedure in the United States for management of recurrent shoulder instability. Latarjet coracoid transfer has been considered a salvage surgical procedure for failed arthroscopic repairs or cases of significant glenoid bone loss; however, with recent literature suggesting reduced risk of recurrent instability with Latarjet, several surgeons have advocated its broader utilization as a primary operation for treatment of shoulder instability. Purpose: To determine trends in shoulder stabilization techniques used in the United States. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a publicly available national insurance database was performed to identify shoulder stabilization procedures performed over 9 years (2007-2015). The following Current Procedural Terminology codes were searched: 29806 (arthroscopic stabilization), 23455 (open capsulolabral repair), 23466 (open capsular shift), 23462 (Latarjet coracoid transfer), and 23460 (open anterior capsulorrhaphy with other bone block augmentation). Outcomes of interest included (1) trends in the use of each technique throughout the study interval, (2) age and sex distributions of patients undergoing each technique, and (3) regional predilections for the use of each technique. Results: Arthroscopic stabilization was the most broadly used shoulder stabilization procedure in the database (87%), followed by open Bankart (7%), Latarjet (3.2%), open capsular shift (2.6%), and alternative bone block procedure (0.8%). Throughout the study period, the incidence of arthroscopic stabilization and Latarjet increased (8% and 15% per year, respectively); the incidence of open capsular shift remained relatively constant; and the incidence of open Bankart decreased (9% per year). Arthroscopic stabilization, open Bankart, and Latarjet each had similar sex-based distributions (roughly 70% male), while open capsular shift and alternative bone block were relatively more common in females (54% and 50% male, respectively). The incidence of arthroscopic stabilization and Latarjet were greatest in the South and lowest in the Northeast. Conclusion: Arthroscopic stabilization remains the most commonly utilized stabilization technique in the United States. The use of the Latarjet procedure is steadily increasing and now rivals open Bankart stabilization among the most commonly used open stabilization techniques.
A branching morphogenesis program governs embryonic growth of the thyroid gland
Authors: Liang Shawn , Johansson Ellen , Barila Guillermo , Altschuler Daniel L. , Fagman Henrik , Nilsson Mikael 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
The developmental program that regulates thyroid progenitor cell proliferation is largely unknown. Here, we show that branching-like morphogenesis is a driving force to attain final size of the embryonic thyroid gland in mice. Sox9, a key factor in branching organ development, distinguishes Nkx2-1+ cells in the thyroid bud from the progenitors that originally form the thyroid placode in anterior endoderm. As lobes develop the thyroid primordial tissue branches several generations. Sox9 and Fgfr2b are co-expressed distally in the branching epithelium prior to folliculogenesis. The thyroid in Fgf10 null mutants has a normal shape but is severely hypoplastic. Absence of Fgf10 leads to defective branching and disorganized angiofollicular units although Sox9/Fgfr2b expression and the ability of cells to differentiate and form nascent follicles are not impaired. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of thyroid development reminiscent of the Fgf10-Sox9 program that characterizes organogenesis in classical branching organs, and provide clues to aid understanding of how the endocrine thyroid gland once evolved from an exocrine ancestor present in the invertebrate endostyle.
Commissural neurons transgress the CNS/PNS boundary in absence of ventricular zone-derived netrin 1
Authors: Moreno-Bravo Juan Antonio , Roig Puiggros Sergi , Blockus Heike , Dominici Chloé , Zelina Pavol , Mehlen Patrick , Chédotal Alain 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
During the development of the central nervous system (CNS), only motor axons project into peripheral nerves. Little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control the development of a boundary at the CNS surface and prevent CNS neuron emigration from the neural tube. It has previously been shown that a subset of spinal cord commissural axons abnormally invades sensory nerves in Ntn1 hypomorphic embryos and Dcc knockouts. However, whether netrin 1 also plays a similar role in the brain is unknown. In the hindbrain, precerebellar neurons migrate tangentially under the pial surface, and their ventral migration is guided by netrin 1. Here, we show that pontine neurons and inferior olivary neurons, two types of precerebellar neurons, are not confined to the CNS in Ntn1 and Dcc mutant mice, but that they invade the trigeminal, auditory and vagus nerves. Using a Ntn1 conditional knockout, we show that netrin 1, which is released at the pial surface by ventricular zone progenitors is responsible for the CNS confinement of precerebellar neurons. We propose, that netrin 1 distribution sculpts the CNS boundary by keeping CNS neurons in netrin 1-rich domains.
Clinical study of illness anxiety disorder in medical
outpatients
Authors: pandey Sunayna , Parikh Minakshi , Brahmbhatt Mehul , Vankar Ganpat 
Published: December 2017

Aim of the studyTo find out the prevalence of illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis) in medical outpatients and the risk factors and psychiatric co morbidities associated with it.Subject or material and methods400 consecutive medical outpatients were asked for socio demographic characteristics and risk factors associated with illness anxiety and were given Short Health anxiety inventory (SHAI). Psychiatric co-morbidities were assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I). People who scored 18 or above in SHAI, the diagnosis of Illness anxiety disorder was confirmed by using DSM 5 criteria for illness anxiety disorder (IAD). The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 17, Chi square and t test.ResultsThe prevalence of IAD was 7%. Around 18% patients with IAD had positive family history for hypochondriasis. 32.1% of the patients had a history of abuse in the childhood. 71.4% of the patients had psychiatric co morbidities. 25% patients with IAD had co morbid depression and 28.6% had anxiety spectrum disorder.DiscussionThe range of prevalence of hypochondriasis is 0.4 to 14% in various studies and it is more common in third and fourth decade. Significant risk factors include divorce, family histrory and history of abuse. 65-88% of patients with hypochondriasis have psychiatric comorbidities like depression and anxiety disorders. Managing psychiatric comorbidities and early treatment of both will lead to better prognosis.ConclusionsThe anxiety of having a serious medical illness is reasonably high in patients attending medical O.P.D. About three fourth of these patients had co morbid psychiatric condition, mostly depression and anxiety disorders.
Ideal body stereotype internalization and
sociocultural attitudes towards appearance:
a preliminary cross-national comparison between
Czech, Polish and American women
Authors: Czepczor-Bernat Kamila , Kościcka Katarzyna , Gebauer Rafał , Brytek-Matera Anna 
Published: December 2017

Aim of the studyThe aims of the study were: (1) to evaluate an ideal body stereotype internalisation and a sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, (2) to assess the relationship between an ideal body stereotype internalisation and a sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, (3) to analyze the predictor of an ideal body stereotype internalisation, (4) to verify if nationality is a significant mediator in the relationship between pressure to conform to the Western ideals exhibited by the media and ideal body stereotype internalisation among Polish, Czech and American women.Subject or material and methodsThe research sample consisted of 213 women. We used the SATAQ-3 [19] and the Ideal-Body Stereotype Scale–Revised [20].ResultsAmerican women report higher internalisation of general body shape ideal and athletic-ideal internalisation, and feel stronger pressure to conform to the Western ideals compared to Polish and Czech women. Polish women report the highest ideal body stereotype internalisation. Pressure to conform to the Western ideals is a statistically significant predictor of ideal body stereotype internalisation for each group. Moreover, mediation analysis indicates that nationality partially mediates the relationship between pressure to conform to the Western ideals to have a slim figure and ideal body stereotype internalisation.DiscussionAs we can see our research made in three different nationalities seems to support the view that phenomenon of body image is multidimensional structure. It is necessarily to verify universal positive determinants influenced body image.ConclusionsSocietal and cultural influences on body image are present among Polish, Czech and American women. They considerably determine their efforts in pursuit of an ideal body shape.
Anxiety and depression in spouses of males
diagnosed with alcohol dependence:
a comparative study
Authors: Gandhi Rakesh , Suthar Mahesh , Pal Sutanaya , Rathod Ankit 
Published: December 2017

Aim of the studyIn this study, we aim to compare the proportion of anxiety and depression among spouses of males with alcohol use disorder with spouses of males without alcohol use disorder.Subject or material and methodsWe conducted a comparative study on patients attending the general practice OPD of an urban tertiary care hospital. Two groups were taken – wives of men with alcohol use disorder (diagnosed by DSM-5) and wives of those without alcohol use disorder. A semi-structured questionnaire, PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were administered.Results: 58 women (38%) and 89 women (59%) married to men with alcohol use disorder reported depression and anxiety respectively, as opposed to 26 women (17%) and 58 women (38%) married to men without alcohol use disorder. The difference was significant with odds ratio of 3.01 and 2.31 respectively.DiscussionThe rates found were comparable to previous similar studies. However, this study better elucidates the causality of psychiatric morbidity among spouses of men with alcohol dependence as it is a comparative study.ConclusionsWives of men with alcohol use disorder show significantly higher rates of both depression and anxiety when compared with wives of men without alcohol use disorder. This increased psychiatric morbidity not only affects the individual, but the entire family unit, reduces effective participation in treatment and affects the overall quality of life of the family. Thus it is important to be vigilant about it and intervene in a timely manner.
On Mordell–Weil groups and congruences between derivatives of twisted Hasse–Weil L-functions
Authors: Burns David , Macias Castillo Daniel , Wuthrich Christian 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Let A be an abelian variety defined over a number field k and let F be a finite Galois extension of k. Let p be a prime number. Then under certain not-too-stringent conditions on A and F we compute explicitly the algebraic part of the p-component of the equivariant Tamagawa number of the pair

(

h
1

⁢

(

A

/
F

)

⁢

(
1
)

,

ℤ
⁢

[

Gal
⁢

(

F
/
k

)

]

)

(h^{1}(A_{/F})(1),\mathbb{Z}[{\rm Gal}(F/k)])

. By comparing the result of this computation with the theorem of Gross and Zagier we are able to give the first verification of the p-component of the equivariant Tamagawa number conjecture for an abelian variety in the technically most demanding case in which the relevant Mordell–Weil group has strictly positive rank and the relevant field extension is both non-abelian and of degree divisible by p. More generally, our approach leads us to the formulation of certain precise families of conjectural p-adic congruences between the values at

s
=
1

s=1

of derivatives of the Hasse–Weil L-functions associated
to twists of A, normalised by a product of explicit equivariant regulators and periods, and to explicit predictions concerning the Galois structure of Tate–Shafarevich groups. In several interesting cases we provide theoretical and numerical evidence in support of these more general predictions.