bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Art, music, story: The evaluation of a person‐centred arts in health programme in an acute care older persons’ unit
Authors: Ford Karen , Tesch Leigh , Dawborn Jacqueline , Courtney‐Pratt Helen 
Published: January 2018

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the impact of an arts in health programme delivered by a specialised artist within an acute older person's unit.BackgroundAcute hospitals must meet the increasingly complex needs of older people who experience multiple comorbidities, often including cognitive impairment, either directly related to their admission or longer term conditions, including dementia. A focus on physical illness, efficiency and tasks within an acute care environment can all divert attention from the psychosocial well‐being of patients. This focus also decreases capacity for person‐centred approaches that acknowledge and value the older person, their life story, relationships and the care context. The importance of arts for health and wellness, including responsiveness to individual need, is well established: however, there is little evidence about its effectiveness for older people in acute hospital settings. We report on a collaborative arts in health programme on an acute medical ward for older people.DesignThe qualitative study used collaborative enquiry underpinned by a constructivist approach to evaluate an arts programme that involved participatory art‐making activities, customised music, song and illustration work, and enlivening the unit environment.MethodsData sources included observation of art activities, semi‐structured interviews with patients and family members, and focus groups with staff. Data were transcribed and thematically analysed using a line by line approach.ResultsThe programme had positive impacts for the environment, patients, families and staff. The environment exhibited changes as a result of programme outputs; patients and families were engaged and enjoyed activities that aided recovery from illness; and staff also enjoyed activities and importantly learnt new ways of working with patients.ConclusionsAn acute care arts in health programme is a carefully nuanced programme where the skills of the arts health worker are critical to success. Utilising such skill, continued focus on person‐centeredness and openness to creativity demonstrated positive impacts for patients, families, staff and the ward environment.Implications for practiceThis study affirms the contribution of an arts in health program for older persons in an acute care setting in challenging the dominance of a task based medical model and emphasising person‐centred care and outcomes.
Medial Unloader Braces and Lateral Heel Wedges Do not Alter Gait Biomechanics in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Goodwin Jonathan S. , Creighton Robert A. , Pietrosimone Brian G. , Spang Jeffery T. , Blackburn J. Troy 
Published: January 2018

Context: Orthotic devices such as medial unloader knee braces and lateral heel wedges may limit cartilage loading following trauma or surgical repair. However, little is known regarding their effects on gait biomechanics in young, healthy individuals who are at risk of cartilage injury during physical activity due to greater athletic exposure compared with older adults. Objective: Determine the effect of medial unloader braces and lateral heel wedges on lower-extremity kinematics and kinetics in healthy, young adults. Design: Cross-sectional crossover design. Setting: Laboratory setting. Patients: Healthy, young adults who were recreationally active (30 min/d for 3 d/wk) between 18 and 35 years of age, who were free from orthopedic injury for at least 6 months, and with no history of lower-extremity orthopedic surgery. Interventions: All subjects completed normal over ground walking with a medial unloader brace at 2 different tension settings and a lateral heel wedge for a total of 4 separate walking conditions. Main Outcome Measures: Frontal plane knee angle at heel strike, peak varus angle, peak internal knee valgus moment, and frontal plane angular impulse were compared across conditions. Results: The medial unloader brace at 50% (−2.04° [3.53°]) and 100% (−1.80° [3.63°]) maximum load placed the knee in a significantly more valgus orientation at heel strike compared with the lateral heel wedge condition (−0.05° [2.85°]). However, this difference has minimal clinical relevance. Neither of the orthotic devices altered knee kinematics or kinetics relative to the control condition. Conclusions: Although effective in older adults and individuals with varus knee alignment, medial unloader braces and lateral heel wedges do not influence gait biomechanics in young, healthy individuals.
Importance of Site of Infection and Antibiotic Selection in the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sepsis
Authors: Britt Nicholas S. , Ritchie David J. , Kollef Marin H. , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Durkin Michael J. , Hampton Nicholas B. , Micek Scott T. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

In a retrospective analysis of 215 patients with carbapenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
sepsis, we observed a significantly higher risk of mortality associated with respiratory tract infection (risk ratio [RR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.39;
P
= 0.010) and lower risk with urinary tract infection (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.90;
P
= 0.004). Aminoglycoside monotherapy was associated with increased mortality, even after adjusting for confounders (adjusted RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.85;
P
= 0.037), consistent across multiple sites of infection.
Complete Nucleotide Sequence of a Novel Hibiscus-Infecting Cilevirus from Florida and Its Relationship with Closely Associated Cileviruses
Authors: Roy Avijit , Stone A. L. , Melzer Michael J. , Shao Jonathan , Hartung John S. , Mavrodieva Vessela , Nakhla Mark K. , Brlansky R. H. , Schneider W. L. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
The complete nucleotide sequence of a recently discovered Florida (FL) isolate of hibiscus-infecting cilevirus (HiCV) was determined by Sanger sequencing. The movement and coat protein gene sequences of the HiCV-FL isolate are more divergent than other genes of the previously sequenced HiCV-HI (Hawaii) isolate.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Antimycin-Producing Bacterium
Streptomyces
sp. Strain SM8, Isolated from the Marine Sponge
Haliclona simulans
Authors: Almeida Eduardo L. , Margassery Lekha M. , Kennedy Jonathan , Dobson Alan D. W. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Streptomyces
sp. strain SM8, isolated from
Haliclona simulans
, possesses antifungal and antibacterial activities and inhibits the calcineurin pathway in yeast. The draft genome sequence is 7,145,211 bp, containing 5,929 predicted coding sequences. Several secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters are present, encoding known and novel metabolites, including antimycin.
Genome Sequence of a Rabies Virus Isolated from a Dog in Chiapas, Mexico, 2013
Authors: Pérez-Agüeros Sandra , Ortiz-Alcántara Joanna María , Garcés-Ayala Fabiola , Mendieta-Condado Edgar , González-Durán Elizabeth , Aréchiga-Ceballos Nidia , Melo-Munguía Martin , Chávez-López Susana , Sandoval-Borja Albert , Gómez-Sierra Mauricio , Terán-Toledo Rita , Martínez-Solís David , Animas-Vargas Israel , Escamilla-Ríos Beatriz , Torres-Longoria Belem , López-Martínez Irma , Hernández-Rivas Lucía , Díaz-Quiñonez José Alberto , Ramírez-González José Ernesto 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Rabies virus (RABV), a member of the genus
Lyssavirus
, causes encephalitis that is almost always fatal following the onset of clinical signs. Here, we report the complete codifying sequence of an RABV isolated from a dog in Mexico. Molecular data showed that this strain belongs to the Chiapas lineage.
Distinct Regulatory Role of Carbon Catabolite Protein A (CcpA) in Oral Streptococcal
spxB
Expression
Authors: Redanz Sylvio , Masilamani Revathi , Cullin Nyssa , Giacaman Rodrigo A. , Merritt Justin , Kreth Jens 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Pyruvate oxidase (SpxB)-dependent H
2
O
2
production is under the control of carbon catabolite protein A (CcpA) in the oral species
Streptococcus sanguinis
and
Streptococcus gordonii
. Interestingly, both species react differently to the presence of the preferred carbohydrate source glucose.
S. gordonii
CcpA-dependent regulation of
spxB
follows classical carbon catabolite repression. Conversely,
spxB
expression in
S. sanguinis
is not influenced by glucose but is repressed by CcpA. Here, we constructed strains expressing the heterologous versions of CcpA or the
spxB
promoter region to learn if the distinct regulation of
spxB
expression is transferable from
S. gordonii
to
S. sanguinis
and vice versa. While cross-species binding of CcpA to the
spxB
promoter is conserved
in vitro
, we were unable to swap the species-specific regulation. This suggests that a regulatory mechanism upstream of CcpA most likely is responsible for the observed difference in
spxB
expression. Moreover, the overall ecological significance of differential
spxB
regulation in the presence of various glucose concentrations was tested with additional oral streptococcus isolates and demonstrated that carbohydrate-dependent and carbohydrate-independent mechanisms exist to control expression of
spxB
in the oral biofilm. Overall, our data demonstrate the unexpected finding that metabolic pathways between two closely related oral streptococcal species can be regulated differently despite an exceptionally high DNA sequence identity.

IMPORTANCE
Polymicrobial diseases are the result of interactions among the residential microbes, which can lead to a dysbiotic community.
Streptococcus sanguinis
and
Streptococcus gordonii
are considered commensal species that are present in the healthy dental biofilm. Both species are able to produce significant amounts of H
2
O
2
via the enzymatic action of the pyruvate oxidase SpxB. H
2
O
2
is able to inhibit species associated with oral diseases. SpxB and its gene-regulatory elements present in both species are highly conserved. Nonetheless, a differential response to the presence of glucose was observed. Here, we investigate the mechanisms that lead to this differential response. Detailed knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms will aid in a better understanding of oral disease development and how to prevent dysbiosis.
Sulfur isotope evidence for transient marine-shelf oxidation during the Ediacaran Shuram Excursion
Authors: Shi Wei , Li Chao , Luo Genming , Huang Junhua , Algeo Thomas J. , Jin Chengsheng , Zhang Zihu , Cheng Meng 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The Ediacaran Shuram Excursion (SE) was a major negative δ13Ccarb excursion (to −12‰) thought to reflect significant atmospheric-oceanic oxidation, although direct evidence is limited. Here, we model changes in seawater sulfate concentrations ([SO42−]sw) during the SE by using paired S-isotope data of cogenetic sedimentary pyrite and carbonate-associated sulfate from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (South China), making independent calculations for inner-shelf and upper-slope sections. Our results show a significant increase of [SO42−]sw toward the peak of the SE and a large proximal-to-distal gradient across the Yangtze Platform. Our findings provide direct evidence for transient oxidation of marine-shelf water masses during the SE, providing insights into Ediacaran oceanic oxygenation, the origin of the SE, and contemporaneous bioevolutionary events.
Prognostic factors of inhospital death in elderly patients: a time-to-event analysis of a cohort study in Martinique (French West Indies)
Authors: Godaert Lidvine , Bartholet Seendy , Dorléans Fréderique , Najioullah Fatiha , Colas Sebastien , Fanon Jean-Luc , Cabié André , Césaire Raymond , Dramé Moustapha 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThe primary objective was to identify predictive factors of inhospital death in a population of patients aged 65 years or older hospitalised with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. The secondary aim was to develop and validate a predictive score for inhospital death based on the predictors identified.DesignLongitudinal retrospective study from January to December 2014.SettingUniversity Hospital of Martinique.ParticipantsPatients aged ≥65 years, admitted to any clinical ward and who underwent reverse transcription PCR testing for CHIKV infection.OutcomeIndependent predictors of inhospital death were identified using multivariable Cox regression modelling. A predictive score was created using the adjusted HRs of factors associated with inhospital death. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the best cut-off value. Bootstrap analysis was used to evaluate internal validity.ResultsOverall, 385 patients aged ≥65 years were included (average age: 80±8 years). Half were women, and 35 (9.1%) died during the hospital stay. Seven variables were found to be independently associated with inhospital death (concurrent cardiovascular disorders: HR 11.8, 95% CI 4.5 to 30.8; concurrent respiratory infection: HR 9.6, 95% CI 3.4 to 27.2; concurrent sensorimotor deficit: HR 7.6, 95% CI 2.0 to 28.5; absence of musculoskeletal pain: HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.3; history of alcoholism: HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.9; concurrent digestive symptoms: HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.9; presence of confusion or delirium: HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.2). The score ranged from 0 to 25, with an average of 6±6. The area under the curve was excellent (0.90; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.94). The best cut-off value was a score ≥8 points, with a sensitivity of 91% (82%–100%) and specificity of 75% (70%–80%).ConclusionsSigns observed by the clinician during the initial examination could predict inhospital death. The score will be helpful for early management of elderly subjects presenting within 7 days of symptom onset in the context of CHIKV outbreaks.
Communication about the impending death of patients with cancer to the family: a nationwide survey
Authors: Mori Masanori , Morita Tatsuya , Igarashi Naoko , Shima Yasuo , Miyashita Mitsunori 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesExplanation about the impending death of imminently dying patients with cancer is important for their families. However, little is known about how clinicians explain impending death and how families perceive the explanation. We aimed to clarify bereaved families’ perception of the need for improvements in the explanation about impending death and to explore the factors contributing to the need.MethodsIn a nationwide survey of 818 bereaved families of patients with cancer admitted to inpatient hospices in Japan, we evaluated family-perceived need for improvements in the explanation about impending death and families’ experiences of the explanation.ResultsAmong all the participants (n=516, 63%), 35 (6.8%), 123 (24%) and 297 (58%) families felt that much/considerable, some and no improvements were needed, respectively. Independent determinants of the need were a younger patient age (OR=0.97; 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99; P=0.009); not receiving an ‘explicit explanation about physical signs of impending death’ (OR=0.67; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.88; P=0.004); not receiving an ‘explanation of how long the patient and family could talk’ (OR=0.67; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.88; P<0.001); receiving an ‘excessive warning of impending death’ (OR=1.45; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.03; P=0.033) and having a feeling of ‘uncertainty caused by vague explanations about future changes’ (OR=1.77; 95% CI 1.38 to 2.27; P<0.001).ConclusionsNearly a third of the bereaved families perceived some need to improve the explanation about impending death. To better help patients/families prepare for their end-of-life, clinicians should recognise and explain various impending death signs; find a balance between detailed explanation and excessive warning and address how long they could talk in the remaining time.
The antihelminthic moxidectin enhances tonic GABA currents in rodent hippocampal pyramidal neurons
Authors: Spampanato Jay , Gibson Anne , Dudek F. Edward 
Published: January 2018

Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are commonly used treatments for parasitic worm and insect infections in humans, livestock, and companion animals. MLs target the invertebrate glutamate-activated chloride channel that is not present in vertebrates. MLs are not entirely inert in vertebrates, though; they have been reported to have activity in heterologous expression systems consisting of ligand-gated ion channels that are present in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). However, these compounds are typically not able to reach significant concentrations in the CNS because of the activity of the blood-brain barrier P-glycoprotein extrusion system. Despite this, these compounds are able to reach low levels in the CNS that may be useful in the design of novel “designer” ligand-receptor systems that can be used to directly investigate neuronal control of behavior in mammals and have potential for use in treating human neurological diseases. To determine whether MLs might affect neurons in intact brains, we investigated the activity of the ML moxidectin (MOX) at native GABA receptors. Specifically, we recorded tonic and phasic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in ex vivo brain slices. Our data show that MOX potentiated tonic GABA currents in a dose-dependent manner but had no concomitant effects on phasic GABA currents (i.e., MOX had no effect on the amplitude, frequency, or decay kinetics of mIPSCs). These studies indicate that behavioral experiments that implement a ML-based novel ligand-receptor system should take care to control for potential effects of the ML on native tonic GABA receptors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have identified a novel mechanism of action in the mammalian central nervous system for the antihelminthic moxidectin, commonly prescribed to animals worldwide and currently being evaluated for use in humans. Specifically, moxidectin applied to rodent brain slices selectively enhanced the tonic GABA conductance of hippocampal pyramidal neurons.
Evaluating Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Hu Zishuo I. , Shia Jinru , Stadler Zsofia K. , Varghese Anna M. , Capanu Marinela , Salo-Mullen Erin , Lowery Maeve A. , Diaz Luis A. , Mandelker Diana , Yu Kenneth H. , Zervoudakis Alice , Kelsen David P. , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine A. , Klimstra David S. , Saltz Leonard B. , Sahin Ibrahim H. , O'Reilly Eileen M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurpose: Immune checkpoint inhibition has been shown to generate profound and durable responses in mismatch repair deficient (MMR-D) solid tumors and has elicited interest in detection tools and strategies to guide therapeutic decision-making. Herein we address questions on the appropriate screening, detection methods, patient selection, and initiation of therapy for MMR-D pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and assess the utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in providing additional prognostic and predictive information for MMR-D PDAC.Experimental Design: Archival and prospectively acquired samples and matched normal DNA from N = 833 PDAC cases were analyzed using a hybridization capture–based, NGS assay designed to perform targeted deep sequencing of all exons and selected introns of 341 to 468 cancer-associated genes. A computational program using NGS data derived the MSI status from the tumor-normal paired genome sequencing data. Available germline testing, IHC, and microsatellite instability (MSI) PCR results were reviewed to assess and confirm MMR-D and MSI status.Results: MMR-D in PDAC is a rare event among PDAC patients (7/833), occurring at a frequency of 0.8%. Loss of MMR protein expression by IHC, high mutational load, and elevated MSIsensor scores were correlated with MMR-D PDAC. All 7 MMR-D PDAC patients in the study were found to have Lynch syndrome. Four (57%) of the MMR-D patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade had treatment benefit (1 complete response, 2 partial responses, 1 stable disease).Conclusions: An integrated approach of germline testing and somatic analyses of tumor tissues in advanced PDAC using NGS may help guide future development of immune and molecularly directed therapies in PDAC patients. Clin Cancer Res; 24(6); 1326–36. ©2018 AACR.
Investigating Vision
Authors: Staubermann Klaus 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article draws a historic trajectory for the study of colour perception at Edinburgh University through the examination of three key pieces of scientific apparatus and their uses. It traces the development of colour, perception and skills research at Edinburgh University from the 1850s to 1950s. Starting point of the narrative is the advent of Wilhelm Wundt’s laboratory method from Leipzig, its inherent limitations and Edinburgh psychologists’ response to it. Through the analysis of some of the key instruments and their use for colour perception and skills research and teaching the article aims to understand the establishment of the department of psychology at Edinburgh University, and more broadly, scientific instruments as tools for understanding the formation and development of research and teaching schools.
Improvements and Applications in Climate Data Analysis for Determining Reference Rainfall Years
Authors: Albright Cara Melissa , Schramm Harrison 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInference about time series in weather data can be made in several ways. Current practice focuses on computing summary measures, such as mean and variance, or constructing a reference year from small subsets of data derived from multiple years. Some applications require the selection of an instance of observed data over a fixed time frame, typically a year or more, for modeling. In addition, many current methods do not include rainfall as a parameter of interest. This paper reviews and refines existing methods for determining a reference year by creating a metric that measures the (abstract) distance between observed patterns of rainfall. The reference year is then chosen from a group of potential reference years. This method is computationally efficient, easily explained, and robust against differences in the index of reporting, to include leap years. Application of the distance metric to data from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Norfolk, Virginia, shows that it appropriately identifies not only the years that are most typical for a location, but extreme years as well. Both are particularly useful in applications related to urban hydrology, which formed the basis for development of this method. Results also demonstrate that the proposed method is functionally different than existing methods. The distance metric represents an evolutionary step forward, overcomes some difficulties present from other approaches, and would be applicable to a number of cross-disciplinary applications.