bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus Development of a Modern Ontology of Emergency Department Presenting Problems – the HierArchical Presenting Problem ontologY (HaPPy)
Authors: Horng Steven , Greenbaum Nathaniel R. , Nathanson Larry A. , McClay James C , Goss Foster R. , Nielson Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveNumerous attempts have been made to create a standardized ‘presenting problem’ or ‘chief complaint’ list to characterize the nature of an Emergency Department visit. Previous attempts have failed to gain widespread adoption as none were freely sharable and contained the right level of specificity, structure, and clinical relevance to gain acceptance by the larger emergency medicine community. Using real-world data, we constructed a presenting problem list that addresses these challenges.Materials and MethodsWe prospectively captured the presenting problems for 180,424 consecutive emergency department patient visits at an urban, academic, Level I trauma center in the Boston metro area. No patients were excluded. We used a consensus process to iteratively derive our system using real-world data. We used the first 70% of consecutive visits to derive our ontology; followed by a 6 month washout period, and the remaining 30% for validation. All concepts were mapped to SNOMED-CT.ResultsOur system consists of a polyhierarchical ontology containing 692 unique concepts, 2,118 synonyms, and 30,613 non-visible descriptions to correct misspellings and non-standard terminology. Our ontology successfully captured structured data for 95.9% of visits in our validation dataset.Discussion and ConclusionWe present the HierArchical Presenting Problem ontologY (HaPPy). This ontology was empirically derived then iteratively validated by an expert consensus panel. HaPPy contains 692 presenting problem concepts, each concept being mapped to SNOMED-CT. This freely sharable ontology can help to facilitate presenting problem based quality metrics, research, and patient care.
Evidence for stabilizing selection at pleiotropic loci for human complex traits
Authors: Wong Emily S , Chenoweth Steve , Blows Mark , Powell Joseph E 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHow genetic variation contributes to phenotypic variation is a central question in genetics. Association signals for a complex trait are found throughout the majority of the genome suggesting much of the genome is under some degree of genetic constraint. Here, we develop a intraspecific population genetics approach to define a measure of population structure for each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Using this approach, we test for evidence of stabilizing selection at complex traits and pleiotropic loci arising from the evolutionary history of 47 complex traits and common diseases. Our approach allowed us to identify traits and regions under stabilizing selection towards both global and subpopulation optima. Strongest depletion of allelic diversity was found at disease loci, indicating stabilizing selection has acted on these phenotypes in all subpopulations. Pleiotropic loci predominantly displayed evidence of stabilizing selection, often contributed to multiple disease risks, and sometimes also affected non-disease traits such as height. Risk alleles at pleiotropic disease loci displayed a more consistent direction of effect than expected by chance suggesting that stabilizing selection acting on pleiotropic loci is amplified through multiple disease phenotypes.
Genome wide identification of bacterial genes required for plant infection by Tn-seq
Authors: Royet Kevin , Parisot Nicolas , Rodrigue Agnès , Gueguen Erwan , Condemine Guy 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTSoft rot enterobacteria (DickeyaandPectobacterium) are major pathogens that cause diseases on plants of agricultural importance such as potato and ornamentals. Long term studies to identify virulence factors of these bacteria focused mostly on plant cell wall degrading enzymes secreted by the type II secretion system and the regulation of their expression. To identify new virulence factors we performed a Tn-seq genome-wide screen of a transposon mutant library during chicory infection followed by high-throughput sequencing. This allowed the detection of mutants with reduced but also increased fitness in the plant. Virulence factors identified differed from those previously known since diffusible ones (secreted enzymes, siderophores or metabolites) were not detected by this screen. In addition to genes encoding proteins of unknown function that could be new virulence factors, others could be assigned to known biological functions. The central role of the FlhDC regulatory cascade in the control of virulence was highlighted with the identification of new members of this pathway. Scarcity of the plant in certain amino acids and nucleic acids required presence of the corresponding biosynthetic genes in the bacteria. Their products could be targets for the development of antibacterial compounds. Among the genes required for full development in chicory we also identified six genes involved in the glycosylation of the flagellin FliC, glycosylation, which in other plant pathogenic bacteria contributes to virulence.Author summaryIdentification of virulence factors of plant pathogenic bacteria has relied on the test of individual mutants on plants, a time-consuming method. New methods like transcriptomic or proteomic can now be used but they only allow the identification of genes induced during the infection process and non-induced genes may be missed. Tn-seq is a very powerful method to identify genes required for bacterial growth in their host. We used for the first time this method in a plant pathogenic bacteria to identify genes required for the multiplication ofDickeya dadantiiin chicory. We identified about 100 genes with decreased or increased fitness in the plant. Most of them had no previously described role in bacterial virulence. We unveiled important metabolic genes and regulators of motility and virulence. We showed thatD. dadantiiflagellin is glycosylated and that this modification confers fitness to the bacteria during plant infection. Our work opens the way to the use of Tn-seq with bacterial phytopathogens. Assay by this method of large collections of environmental pathogenic strains now available will allow an easy and rapid identification of new virulence factors.
The WPRE improves genetic engineering with site-specific nucleases
Authors: Ong Jessica M. , Brown Christopher R. , Mendel Matthew C. , Cost Gregory J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInclusion of the woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional response element (WPRE) in the 3’ UTR of mRNA encoding zinc-finger or TALE nucleases results in up to a fifty-fold increase in nuclease expression and a several-fold increase in nuclease-modified chromosomes. Significantly, this increase is additive with the enhancement generated by transient hypothermic shock. The WPRE-mediated improvement is seen across several types of human and mouse primary and transformed cells and is translatablein vivoto the mouse liver.
Adolescent tuning of association cortex in human structural brain networks
Authors: Váša František , Seidlitz Jakob , Romero-Garcia Rafael , Whitaker Kirstie J. , Rosenthal Gideon , Vértes Petra E. , Shinn Maxwell , Alexander-Bloch Aaron , Fonagy Peter , Dolan Raymond J. , Jones Peter B. , Goodyer Ian M. ,   the NSPN consortium, Sporns Olaf , Bullmore Edward T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMotivated by prior data on local cortical shrinkage and intracortical myelination, we predicted age-related changes in topological organisation of cortical structural networks during adolescence. We estimated structural correlation from magnetic resonance imaging measures of cortical thickness at 308 regions in a sample of N=297 healthy participants, aged 14-24 years. We used a novel sliding-window analysis to measure age-related changes in network attributes globally, locally and in the context of several community partitions of the network. We found that the strength of structural correlation generally decreased as a function of age. Association cortical regions demonstrated a sharp decrease in nodal degree (hubness) from 14 years, reaching a minimum at approximately 19 years, and then levelling off or even slightly increasing until 24 years. Greater and more prolonged age-related changes in degree of cortical regions within the brain network were associated with faster rates of adolescent cortical myelination and shrinkage. The brain regions that demonstrated the greatest age-related changes were concentrated within prefrontal modules. We conclude that human adolescence is associated with biologically plausible changes in structural imaging markers of brain network organization, consistent with the concept of tuning or consolidating anatomical connectivity between frontal cortex and the rest of the connectome.
Gut microbiota composition related withClostridium difficile-positive diarrhea andC. difficiletype (A+B+, A-B+, and A-B-) in ICU hospitalized patients
Authors: Wu Anhua , Duan Juping , Liu Sidi , Meng Xiujuan , Zhou Pengcheng , Dou Qingya , Li Chunhui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundGut microbiota composition of intensive care unit (ICU) patients suffering fromClostridium difficile-positive diarrhea (CDpD) is still poorly understood. This study aims to use 16S rDNA (and metagenome) sequencing to compare the microbiota composition of 58 (and 5) ICU patients with CDpD (CDpD group), 33 (and 4) ICU patients withC. difficilenegative diarrhea (CDnD group), and 21 (and 5) healthy control subjects (control group), as well as CDpD patients in A+B+(N=34; A/B:C. difficile TcdA/B), A-B+(N=7), and A-B-(N=17) subgroups. For 16S rDNA data, OTU clustering (tool: UPARSE), taxonomic assignment (tool: RDP classifier), α-diversity and β-diversity analyses (tool: QIIME) were conducted. For metagenome data, metagenome assembly (tool: SOAP), gene calling (tools: MetaGeneMark, CD-HIT, and SoapAligner), unigene alignment (tool: DIAMOND), taxon difference analysis (tool: Metastats), and gene annotation (tool: DIAMOND) were performed.ResultsThe microbial diversity of CDpD group was lower than that of CDnD and control groups. The abundances of 10 taxa (e.g. Deferribacteres, Cryptomycota, Acetothermia) in CDpD group were significantly higher than that in CDnD group. The abundances of Saccharomycetes and Clostridia were significantly lower in CDpD in comparison with control. A+B+, A-B+and A-B-subgroups couldn’t be separated in principal component analysis, while some taxa are significantly different between A+B+and A-B-subgroups.ConclusionCDpD might relate to the decrease of beneficial taxa (i.e. Saccharomycetes and Clostridia) and the increase of harmful taxa (e.g. Deferribacteres, Cryptomycota, Acetothermia) in gut microbiota in ICU patients.C. difficiletype might be slightly associated with gut microbiota composition.
Benefits of visual management in construction: cases from the transportation sector in England
Authors: Tezel Algan , Aziz Zeeshan 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the benefits of visual management (VM) systems in transportation construction projects in England.

Design/methodology/approach
Following a comprehensive literature review, the benefits of VM were investigated through action and case study research executed within two construction projects in England.

Findings
The main findings are: VM can contribute to increased self-management, better team coordination, better promises or an increasing plan percent complete, easier control for the management and improved workplace conditions in the transportation sector. It is important for the management to obtain the engagement of their workforce for VM through increased participation and show the actual benefits. However, managerial monitoring and control on the systems should not be underestimated.

Originality/value
The transportation sector in England has been systematically deploying Lean construction techniques in its operations for a while. One of those Lean techniques is a close-range visual communication strategy called VM. The literature on the VM implementation in construction is scarce and generally limited to the building construction context. This paper documents the benefits of VM systems for the transportation sector by using data captured through both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The paper also identifies a set of recommendations for similar research efforts in the transportation context in the future.
Exploring organisational attributes affecting the innovativeness of UK SMEs
Authors: Gledson Barry J. , Phoenix Calum 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The UK construction sector of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has received criticism for a perceived lack of desire to innovate. Previous research has identified attributes such as company size and levels of research and development expenditure as being significant and causal variables determining this response. The purpose of this study was to further explore organisational attributes that determine innovation likeliness within construction SMEs.

Design/methodology/approach
Web-based questionnaires were administered to 101 construction professionals. Responses from large companies and SMEs were compared, and data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

Findings
The findings indicate that SMEs do implement a substantial amount of innovation to improve profitability. Both organisational maturity and in-house design capability were found to impact SME innovativeness.

Originality/value
The study provides further evidence that the UK construction SME sector is evolving away from traditional to more innovative practices.
Valuations of electricity distribution and retail companies in an emerging market
Authors: Alma Hasan , Karan Mehmet Baha 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis paper is aimed to evaluate recently privatized 18 electricity distribution and retail companies, using the data and conditions at the time they were privatized. The main hypothesis of the study is that most of the privatized companies in this research are underpriced similar to previous experiences in developed and emerging economies.Design/methodology/approachValues of the companies are calculated considering the formal procedures of Turkish energy authorities. These companies are valued under the base, moderate and extreme scenarios created from different sets of assumptions considering conditions and existing data at the time they were privatized. Discounted cash flows (DCF) methodology is used in the estimations. The market prices obtained in their privatization tenders are compared with those theoretically calculated values (intrinsic prices).FindingsThe findings reject the hypothesis and indicate an overpricing in general in the privatizations of Turkey. Even the extreme scenario which gives the highest intrinsic values supports the findings.Research limitations/implicationsResearch is limited with 18 regional electricity distribution company in Turkey.Originality/valueThe paper is one of the initial empirical studies on the valuation of energy companies using DCF methodology in an emerging market.
Emission/fuel energy restricted dynamic optimal power flow using fuzzy - ant lion optimizer
Authors: Radha Janagaraman , Subramanian Srikrishna , Ganesan Sivarajan , Abirami Manoharan 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This study aims to minimize operating cost, adhere to pollution norms and maintain reserve and voltage levels subject to various operational concerns, including non linear characteristics of generators and fuel limitation issues, which are useful for the current power system applications.

Design/methodology/approach
Improved control settings are required while considering multiple conflicting operational objectives that necessitate using the modern bio-inspired algorithm ant lion optimizer (ALO) as the main optimization tool. Fuzzy decision-making mechanism is incorporated in ALO to extract the best compromise solution (BCS) among set of non-dominated solutions.

Findings
The BCS records of IEEE-30 bus and JEAS-118 bus systems are updated in this work. Numerical simulation results comparison and comprehensive performance analysis justify the applicability of the intended algorithm to solve multi-objective dynamic optimal power flow (DOPF) problem over the state-of-art methods.

Originality/value
Optimal control settings are obtained for IEEE-30 and JEAS-118 bus systems with the objectives of minimizing fuel cost and emission in dynamic environment considering take-or-pay fuel contract issue. The fuzzy supported ALO (FSALO) is applied first time to solve the DOPF problem.
Usage and future prospects of CER: a survey of perceptions of top fifty Indian companies
Authors: Dhamija Ajay K. , Yadav Surendra S. , Jain P.K. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Certified emission reduction (CER) survey studies in the literature are quite restrictive in scope. These studies are based on convenience sampling and, therefore, cannot be relied upon. The current study comprehensively surveys the strengths, weaknesses and suggestive measures for clean development mechanism (CDM). This paper systematically aims to conduct the survey on top 50 companies in terms of CER volume.

Design/methodology/approach
The survey is aimed to target top 50 companies which account for 55 per cent of total number of CERs of all the Indian projects. The online survey link was sent to all 50 companies, and the finance managers were followed up regularly over a period of one year. Finally, 37 responses (a response rate of 72 per cent) have been received.

Findings
“CER is cheaper than EUA for Emission Compliance” is rated as topmost strength and “Methodology of Financial Additionality is Subjective” is rated as topmost weakness of CER mechanism. Removal of Quantitative Restrictions on CERs is rated as the topmost suggestive measure for stabilization of CER. Companies overwhelmingly favored continuation of banking and inclusion of carbon emission cost as one of the internal cost of business.

Practical implications
The current study throws light on future policy interventions for minimization of carbon footprint and efficient energy management.

Social implications
This study gives vital reflections for stabilization of CDM. This will help sustainable development, generation of green energy, mitigation of carbon emission at the least cost and employment generation in developing countries because of CDM project development.

Originality/value
This study differs from earlier studies because it comprehensively surveys the pertinent issues relating to strengths, weaknesses and suggestive measures for CDM. It also differs from them because it is not based on convenience sampling. It conducts the survey systematically on top 50 companies in terms of CER volume. Therefore, unlike previous studies of questionable validities, the findings of this study can be safely considered for policy interventions
CEOs’ regulatory foci and firm-level product innovativeness in competitive environments
Authors: Adomako Samuel 
Published: April 2017

PurposeUsing arguments from the regulatory focus and upper echelons theories, this paper aims to examine the impact of a chief executive officer’s (CEO’s) regulatory foci (i.e. promotion and prevention focus) on small- and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs’) level of innovativeness and how these relationships are jointly moderated by intense competition.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis draws on survey data gathered from 257 SMEs in Ghana.FindingsThe study findings indicate that a CEO’s level of promotion focus positively affects the firm’s engagement in innovation, while a CEO’s prevention focus is negatively associated with the firm’s innovativeness. The positive association between a CEO’s promotion focus and a firm’s innovativeness is enhanced under conditions of intense competition. Additionally, the negative relationship between prevention focus and firm-level innovativeness is attenuated under intense competition.Research limitations/implicationsThis study relied on a single informant and also used subjective measures for the dependent variable. As such, individual respondents might have biased perspectives on firm-level product innovativeness. Future studies may use multiple informants to examine the causal links of the variables.Practical implicationsThe study’s findings provide managers with a deeper understanding of how to achieve superior firm-level product innovation. The understanding of this issue can promote the development and maintenance of further entrepreneurial ventures in emerging economies.Originality/valueThe paper has a strong theoretical value as it pioneers research on the effect of CEOs’ regulatory foci on firm-level innovativeness in competitive environments.
Thought self-leadership strategies and sales performance: integrating selling skills and adaptive selling behavior as missing links
Authors: Singh Rakesh , Kumar Narendra , Puri Sandeep 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis study aims to address the need to study salespersons’ thought self-leadership (TSL) and its effectiveness through the interplay of self-efficacy, skills and behavior at the individual level. It also advances the agenda of integrating self-leadership into marketing literature.Design/methodology/approachA model was tested using survey data collected from salespeople within pharmaceutical companies located in India and other Asian countries. A structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results suggest an interesting interplay between a salesperson’s TSL and his/her sales performance. The results also demonstrate the relationship between TSL and self-efficacy and the mediation mechanism through which self-efficacy influences sales performance. Results support the role of TSL as a distal predictor of performance and delineate the complexity of the mediation mechanism through theoretical grounding and empirical evidence.Research limitations/implicationsThe research suggests that a salesperson’s TSL relates positively with the sales performance through three process variables; self-efficacy, selling skills and adaptive selling behavior. The results should encourage managers to leverage salesperson’s TSL strategies to build a self-leading sales force and optimize supervision cost. Moreover, training the sales force for enhanced TSL has immediate payoffs in terms of increased selling effectiveness. The study also discusses theoretical implications.Originality/valueBy examining TSL in the sales context, the study makes an original contribution to the extant literature. The results of the study enrich the extant information on self-leadership and sales performance linkages by suggesting a mediation mechanism and proposing an integrated framework with selling skills and adaptive selling behavior.