bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF THE RETINAL BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY BETWEEN LASER SPECKLE FLOWGRAPHY AND THE RETINAL FUNCTION IMAGER
Authors: Yuda Kentaro , Ishida Atsuyuki , Yuda Kenji 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
To compare the retinal blood flow velocity using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) and a retinal function imager (RFI) in healthy Japanese subjects.

Methods:
This study included a total of 15 eyes of 15 healthy Japanese subjects (mean age, 41.7 ± 17.0 years). The retinal blood flow velocities were separately measured in arteries and veins around the optic disc using LSFG and an RFI. Linear regression analyses were used to analyze possible correlations of retinal blood flow velocities between the devices.

Results:
The average blood flow velocities using LSFG as the mean blur rate were 18.6 ± 4.8 in arteries and 18.3 ± 5.5 in veins. The average blood flow velocities using the RFI were 3.4 ± 1.1 mm/second in arteries and 2.9 ± 0.9 mm/second in veins. Although retinal blood flow velocities in arteries and veins using LSFG were nearly the same, there were statistical differences in retinal blood flow velocities between arteries and veins using the RFI (P = 0.701 using LSFG, P = 0.041 using the RFI). Significant correlations were found between LSFG and the RFI in arteries and veins (all, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
There were strong positive correlations in retinal blood flow velocities between LSFG and the RFI in healthy subjects.
CHOROIDAL THICKNESS AND CHORIORETINAL ATROPHY IN MYOPIC CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION WITH ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY
Authors: Lee Ji Hwan , Lee Sung Chul , Kim Seo Hee , Koh Hyoung Jun , Kim Sung Soo , Byeon Suk Ho , Lee Christopher Seungkyu 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
This study investigated factors associated with chorioretinal atrophy (CRA) progression in myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) after anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.

Methods:
Fifty eyes of 50 treatment-naive patients with myopic CNV who underwent anti–vascular endothelial growth factor monotherapy with at least 2 years of follow-up data were included. The cumulative occurrence of CRA progression was assessed using a Kaplan–Meier analysis. Demographic and clinical characteristics including macular choroidal thickness in various areas were compared between patients with and without CRA progression.

Results:
The mean age was 52.34 years. A mean of 4.84 anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections were performed over the mean follow-up duration of 44.6 months. Eventually, 15 eyes (30%) developed CRA progression. The estimated occurrence of CRA progression was 10% at 1 year, 19.1% at 2 years, 23.6% at 3 and 4 years, and 35.4% at 5 years. Chorioretinal atrophy progression was associated with a subfoveal CNV location (P = 0.029) and thinner subfoveal choroid in relation to the inferior choroid at 3 mm (P = 0.008). Visual improvement was only significant in eyes without CRA progression at 1 year, 2 years, and at the final visit.

Conclusion:
Chorioretinal atrophy progression was associated with a poor long-term prognosis. Relative thinning of the subfoveal choroid about the inferior choroid and subfoveal CNV location may predispose eyes with myopic CNV to develop CRA progression after anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.
CLINICAL AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION AFTER INTRAVITREAL ZIV-AFLIBERCEPT FOR EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: de Oliveira Dias João Rafael , de Andrade Gabriel Costa , Kniggendorf Vinicius Ferreira , Novais Eduardo Amorim , Maia André , Meyer Carsten , Watanabe Sung Eun Song , Farah Michel Eid , Rodrigues Eduardo Büchele 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the 6-month safety and efficacy of ziv-aflibercept intravitreal injections for treating exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Methods:
Fifteen patients with unilateral exudative age-related macular degeneration were enrolled. The best-corrected visual acuity was measured and spectral domain optical coherence tomography was performed at baseline and monthly. Full-field electroretinography and multifocal electroretinography were obtained at baseline and 4, 13, and 26 weeks after the first injection. All patients received three monthly intravitreal injections of ziv-aflibercept (1.25 mg) followed by as-needed treatment.

Results:
Between baseline and 26 weeks, the mean logMAR best-corrected visual acuity improved (P = 0.00408) from 0.93 ± 0.4 (20/200) to 0.82 ± 0.5 (20/160) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, respectively; the central retinal thickness decreased significantly (P = 0.0007) from 490.3 ± 155.1 microns to 327.9 ± 101.5 microns; the mean total macular volume decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) from 9.51 ± 1.36 mm3 to 8.08 ± 1.34 mm3, and the a-wave implicit time increased, with no differences in the other full-field electroretinography parameters. The average multifocal electroretinography macular responses within the first central 15° showed significantly (P < 0.05) increased P1 amplitudes at 26 weeks. No systemic or ocular complications developed.

Conclusion:
Intravitreal ziv-aflibercept significantly improved the best-corrected visual acuity, multifocal electroretinography amplitudes, central retinal thickness, and total macular volume from baseline to 26 weeks. No retinal toxicity on full-field electroretinography or adverse events occurred during the follow-up period.
SD-OCT AND MICROPERIMETRIC CORRELATED CHANGES IN PROGRESSIVE X-LINKED RETINOSCHISIS AFTER VITRECTOMY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sborgia Luigi , Recchimurzo Nicola , Niro Alfredo , Sborgia Giancarlo , Furino Claudio , Boscia Francesco , Alessio Giovanni 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
To report optical coherence tomography and microperimetric correlated changes in a case of bilateral foveal schisis in progressive X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) treated with vitrectomy, inner limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, and air tamponade.

Methods:
One case report.

Results:
An 18-year-old boy with bilateral foveal schisis in progressive XLRS underwent vitrectomy, ILM peeling and air tamponade in both eyes. At baseline and follow-up (1 month in right eye, 6 months in left eye), visual acuity test, optical coherence tomography, retinal sensitivity map, and fixation stability study were performed. At the end of follow-up, in both eyes, the largest foveal schisis cavities resolved, central macular thickness and volume on optical coherence tomography decreased, and visual acuity improved. In right eye, the mean retinal sensitivity is worsened after 1 month from surgery and conversely central macular sensitivity improved; in left eye, retinal sensitivity improved overall after 6 months from surgery; fixation became more stable in both eyes. There were no adverse events.

Conclusion:
Retinal sensitivity and fixation behavior analysis could be a complementary tool respect in addition to visual acuity test and optical coherence tomography to investigate the efficacy of vitrectomy with ILM in progressive X-linked foveal schisis to prevent functional impairment before it happens.
Advances in growing rods treatment for early onset scoliosis
Authors: Bekmez Senol , Dede Ozgur , Yazici Muharrem 
Published: October 2016

Purpose of review
The goal of treatment in early onset scoliosis is to correct the deformity while allowing the thoracic growth for optimal cardiopulmonary functions. Growing rods treatment is a distraction-based, growth-friendly method that is commonly used in treatment of early onset scoliosis with its specific indications. Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) method has been introduced to avoid morbidity of recurrent lengthening procedures. In this review, recent developments in traditional growing rods and MCGR are summarized.

Recent findings
As the experience with growing rods increased and favorable results were reported, its indications have expanded. Recent studies focused on patient outcomes and complications. Another area of interest is the effects of growing rods in the sagittal spinal alignment. Midterm results demonstrated that MCGR treatment is promising but not free of complications. In MCGR, there is no consensus on the frequency and amount of distraction per session. Rod contouring and behavior of the magnet under MRI are major issues.

Summary
Growing rods treatment successfully controls the deformity while preserving the growth of spine and thorax, despite high complication rates. Magnetically controlled systems are introduced to avoid repetitive surgical lengthening procedures. Although preliminary results are promising, there are still significant challenges and unknowns for MCGR.
Management of the spastic hip in cerebral palsy
Authors: Givon Uri 
Published: October 2016

Purpose of review
Spastic hip dysplasia (SHD) is a common finding in patients with cerebral palsy, with a higher incidence in more involved patients, causing disability and reducing quality of life in these patients. SHD is the most serious orthopedic problem seen in cerebral palsy patients, and requires special attention and tenacious evaluation of the patients. The aim of this article is to review the new developments in the treatment of SHD.

Recent findings
Patients with cerebral palsy were shown to have better hip joint morphology when they had access to hip surveillance programmes, with proactive search of patients with progressing hip subluxation and early intervention. Prediction of progression of SHD is now available based on the experience of these programmes.
Patients who underwent hip joint reconstruction showed that incongruent joints remodeled following a Dega osteotomy. Patients who underwent a varus osteotomy of the femoral neck without pelvic reconstruction had a higher rate of recurrence when they were older and the SHD was more severe. Health-related quality of life measures improved following hip joint reconstructions and salvage procedures.

Conclusion
Patients with cerebral palsy should be monitored with a well-defined hip surveillance programme, with early identification and timely intervention for SHD.
Optimizing medication adherence in children with cancer
Authors: Gupta Sumit , Bhatia Smita 
Published: October 2016

Purpose of review
Outcomes for children with cancer have improved dramatically. Although the contribution of disease biology and therapy resistance to treatment failure continues to be a focus of intense research efforts, the role of medication nonadherence on the part of caregivers or patients has been relatively neglected. Efforts to further improve childhood cancer cure rates must include a focus on improving medication adherence.

Recent findings
Recent studies in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia have conclusively demonstrated that nonadherence to oral antimetabolite therapy is associated with a significant increase in relapse risk. The impact of nonadherence to other oral medications in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and in other childhood cancers remains unknown. Tools by which clinicians can accurately identify nonadherent families are currently being developed but remain suboptimal. Similarly, while current efforts to develop interventions aimed at increasing adherence rates are underway, their feasibility and effectiveness is still unknown.

Summary
Future studies must focus on the development and widespread implementation of methods by which to identify and minimize nonadherence. Doing so will allow for further improve childhood cancer cure outcomes.
HIV-Related Sexual Risk Among Transgender Men Who Are Gay, Bisexual, or Have Sex With Men
Authors: Scheim Ayden I. , Bauer Greta R. , Travers Robb 
Published: October 2016

Background:
This study is among the first to examine factors associated with HIV-related sexual risk among transgender men and other transmasculine persons who are gay, bisexual, or have sex with men (T-GBMSM).

Methods:
In 2009–2010, 433 transgender people in Ontario, Canada, participated in a multimode respondent-driven sampling survey, including 158 T-GBMSM. Analyses were weighted using respondent-driven sampling II methods to adjust for differential recruitment probabilities; confidence intervals (CI) were adjusted for clustering by shared recruiter. Prevalence ratios (PR) for associations with past-year high sexual risk (condomless intercourse outside a seroconcordant monogamous relationship) were estimated using average marginal predictions from logistic regression.

Results:
Of T-GBMSM (mean age = 29.8; 52% living full time in felt gender; 25% Aboriginal or persons of color; 0% self-reported HIV positive), 10% had high sexual risk activity in the past year. Among the 34% with a past-year cisgender (non-transgender) male sex partner, 29% had high sexual risk. In multivariable analyses, older age, childhood sexual abuse (adjusted PR, APR = 14.03, 95% CI: 2.32 to 84.70), living full time in one's felt gender (APR = 5.20, 95% CI: 1.11 to 24.33), and being primarily or exclusively attracted to men (APR = 5.54, 95% CI: 2.27 to 13.54) were each associated with sexual risk. Of psychosocial factors examined, past-year stimulant use (APR = 4.02, 95% CI: 1.31 to 12.30) and moderate depressive symptoms (APR = 5.77, 95% CI: 1.14 to 29.25) were associated with higher sexual risk.

Conclusions:
T-GBMSM seem to share some HIV acquisition risk factors with their cisgender counterparts. HIV prevention interventions targeting T-GBMSM who are predominantly attracted to men and interventions addressing sequelae of childhood sexual abuse may be warranted.
Hemeoxygenase-1 as a Novel Driver in Ritonavir-Induced Insulin Resistance in HIV-1–Infected Patients
Authors: Taylor Ninon , Kremser Iris , Auer Simon , Hoermann Gregor , Greil Richard , Haschke-Becher Elisabeth , Esterbauer Harald , Kenner Lukas , Oberkofler Hannes 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) has recently been identified as a major driver of metaflammation and obesity-related insulin resistance (IR). Drug-induced IR increases cardiovascular risk within the HIV-1–infected population receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). We therefore investigated a possible role of HO-1 in ART-induced IR.

Methods:
Effects of HIV-1 protease inhibitor ritonavir and integrase inhibitor raltegravir (RAL) on expression levels of HO-1 and proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), were studied in monocyte and hepatocyte cell lines. Plasma levels of HO-1 and inflammatory markers were measured in insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive HIV-1–infected patients under ART and seronegative controls.

Results:
We show that, in contrast to RAL, ritonavir treatment significantly increases mRNA expression levels of HO-1, IL-8, TNFα, CCL5, and MCP-1 in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. HO-1 plasma levels were significantly higher in insulin-resistant compared to insulin-sensitive patients on ritonavir-boosted ART (lopinavir/ritonavir group: 3.90 ± 1.15 vs 2.56 ± 1.07 ng/mL, P < 0.005 and darunavir/ritonavir group: 3.16 ± 1.37 vs 2.28 ± 1.23 U/mL, P < 0.05) and were correlated with expression levels of TNFα in individuals on ritonavir-boosted ART (lopinavir/ritonavir group: r2 = 0.108, P < 0.05 and darunavir/ritonavir group: r2 = 0.221, P < 0.05) but not in HIV-1–infected individuals receiving RAL or in seronegative controls.

Implications:
HIV-1–infected patients on stable ART are often faced with non–AIDS-related metabolic comorbidities, increasing their individual cardiovascular risk. Here, we provide insight into a novel mechanism of ritonavir-induced IR involving proinflammatory properties of HO-1. Our initial observations might also provide prognostic value in the future to identify patients at risk for the development type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Mai Nguyen T.H. , Thwaites Guy E. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose of review
Tuberculous meningitis is a devastating infection that is hard to diagnose and treat. We have reviewed tuberculous meningitis original research published within the past 18 months, selecting studies which we consider have most advanced knowledge.

Recent findings
We review advances in diagnostic methods, anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, and the common complications of tuberculous meningitis. New commercial molecular diagnostic tests, such as GeneXpert MTB/RIF, have an important role in tuberculous meningitis diagnosis, but as with all other available tests, they lack sensitivity and cannot rule out the disease. Recent trials and pharmacokinetic studies have advanced understanding of the best anti-tuberculosis drug regimens for tuberculous meningitis, although optimal doses and duration remain uncertain, especially for young children. Good outcomes depend upon the careful management of the common complications (brain infarcts, tuberculomas, hydrocephalus and hyponatraemia) and controlling intracranial pressure. New tools, such as point-of-care ultrasound, may assist in the management, especially in the assessment of intravascular volume and raised intracranial pressure.

Summary
Disability-free survival from tuberculous meningitis depends upon rapid diagnosis, starting anti-tuberculosis drugs before the onset of coma and managing complications. Progress is slow and threatened by emerging drug-resistant bacteria, but new drugs and diagnostic technologies offer hope to future patients.
Self assembly of HIV-1 Gag protein on lipid membranes generates PI(4,5)P2/Cholesterol nanoclusters
Authors: Yandrapalli Naresh , Lubart Quentin , Tanwar Hanumant S. , Picart Catherine , Mak Johnson , Muriaux Delphine , Favard Cyril 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe self-assembly of HIV-1 Gag polyprotein at the inner leaflet of the cell host plasma membrane is the key orchestrator of virus assembly. The binding between Gag and the plasma membrane is mediated by specific interaction of the Gag matrix domain and the PI(4,5)P2lipid (PIP2). It is unknown whether this interaction could lead to local reorganization of the plasma membrane lipids. In this study, using model membranes, we examined the ability of Gag to segregate specific lipids upon self-assembly. We show for the first time that Gag self-assembly is responsible for the formation of PIP2lipid nanoclusters, enriched in cholesterol but not in sphingomyelin. We also show that Gag mainly partition into liquid-disordered domains of these lipid membranes. Our work strongly suggests that, instead of targeting pre-existing plasma membrane lipid domains, Gag is more prone to generate PIP2/Cholesterol lipid nanodomains at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane during early events of virus assembly.
Recombination Suppression is Unlikely to Contribute to Speciation in SympatricHeliconiusButterflies
Authors: Davey John W. , Barker Sarah L. , Rastas Pasi M. , Pinharanda Ana , Martin Simon H. , Durbin Richard , Merrill Richard M. , Jiggins Chris D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMechanisms that suppress recombination are known to help maintain species barriers by preventing the breakup of co-adapted gene combinations. The sympatric butterfly speciesH. melpomeneandH. cydnoare separated by many strong barriers, but the species still hybridise infrequently in the wild, with around 40% of the genome influenced by introgression. We tested the hypothesis that genetic barriers between the species are reinforced by inversions or other mechanisms to reduce between-species recombination rate. We constructed fine-scale recombination maps for Panamanian populations of both species and hybrids to directly measure recombination rate between these species, and generated long sequence reads to detect inversions. We find no evidence for a systematic reduction in recombination rates in F1 hybrids, and also no evidence for inversions longer than 50 kb that might be involved in generating or maintaining species barriers. This suggests that mechanisms leading to global or local reduction in recombination do not play a significant role in the maintenance of species barriers betweenH. melpomeneandH. cydno.Author SummaryIt is now possible to study the process of species formation by sequencing the genomes of multiple closely related species.Heliconius melpomeneandHeliconius cydnoare two butterfly species that have diverged over the past 2 million years and have different colour patterns, mate preferences and host plants. However, they still hybridise infrequently in the wild and exchange large parts of their genomes. Typically, when genomes are exchanged, chromosomes are recombined and gene combinations are broken up, preventing species from forming. Theory predicts that gene variants that define species might be linked together because of structural differences in their genomes, such as inverted pieces of chromosomes that will not be broken up when the species hybridise. However, in this paper, we use deep sequencing of large crosses of butterflies to show that there are no long chromosome regions that are not broken up during hybridisation, and no long chromosome inversions anywhere between the two genomes. This suggests that hybridisation is rare enough and mate preference is strong enough that inversions are not necessary to maintain the species barrier.
The role of developers’ social relationships in improving service selection
Authors: Bianchini Devis , De Antonellis Valeria , Melchiori Michele 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
Modern Enterprise Web Application development can exploit third-party software components, both internal and external to the enterprise, that provide access to huge and valuable data sets, tested by millions of users and often available as Web application programming interfaces (APIs). In this context, the developers have to select the right data services and might rely, to this purpose, on advanced techniques, based on functional and non-functional data service descriptive features. This paper focuses on this selection task where data service selection may be difficult because the developer has no control on services, and source reputation could be only partially known.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed framework and methodology are apt to provide advanced search and ranking techniques by considering: lightweight data service descriptions, in terms of (semantic) tags and technical aspects; previously developed aggregations of data services, to use in the selection process of a service the past experiences with the services when used in similar applications; social relationships between developers (social network) and their credibility evaluations. This paper also discusses some experimental results regarding the plan to expand other experiments to check how developers feel using the approach.

Findings
In this paper, a data service selection framework that extends and specializes an existing one for Web APIs selection is presented. The revised multi-layered model for data services is discussed and proper metrics relying on it, meant for supporting the selection of data services in a context of Web application design, are introduced. Model and metrics take into account the network of social relationships between developers, to exploit them for estimating the importance that a developer assigns to other developers’ experience.

Originality/value
This research, with respect to the state of the art, focuses attention on developers’ social networks in an enterprise context, integrating the developers’ credibility assessment and implementing the social network-based data service selection on top of a rich framework based on a multi-perspective model for data services.