bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Western Corn Rootworm Larvae in West Central Nebraska, 1995
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to suppress larval rootworm populations in 2 fields near North Platte, NE. Both fields were composed of Cozad silt loam soils. In Field 1 ‘DeKalb 566’ hybrid field corn was ridge-planted with a John Deere 7100 Max-emerge planter, to a non-tilled seed bed on 19 May. At the time of planting, soil moisture was adequate for germination and the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm was about 8° C. Several insecticides were applied at planting to plots 2 rows wide, 10 m in length, with a bicycle wheel type applicator. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. T-band applications were made by applying a 7 inch band of insecticide to an open seed furrow. In-furrow applications were made by applying insecticide directly into the seed furrow. After the insecticides were applied, furrows were closed with a rotary hoe and insecticides were incorporated with a rake. Field 2 was ridge-planted to ‘BoJac 577’ field corn with a John Deere 7100 Max-emerge planter, in a non-tilled seed bed on 18 May. At the time of planting, soil moisture was adequate for germination and the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm was about 13° C. With the exception of 4 field length strips, 12 rows in width, Lorsban 15G was applied at planting with insecticide boxes on the planter at a rate of 1100 g Al/ha. Granular and liquid insecticides were applied to untreated strips in Field 2 immediately prior to cultivation on 22 Jun. The corn plants were in the early whorl stage (V3 stage) of development at the time of application. The plots for the granular treatments in Field 2 were 10 m in length and 4 rows wide. The granular treatments were applied in a 7 inch band, over the whorl of the plants, with a bicycle wheel type applicator. Furadan 4F was applied to 10 X 4 m plots in Field 2, either broadcast over the top of the plants or in 7 inch bands to the base of the plants. All liquid treatments were applied in a total volume of 120 liters/ha at 30 psi. All treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a RCB design. Treatments in both fields were evaluated 26 Jul by rating washed roots, using the 1-6 Iowa root damage rating scale, of 4 plants from each replicate.
Evaluation of Soil Insecticide Rates on Continuous Corn in Ohio, 1995
Authors: Willson H. R. , Eisley J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Planting time treatments of 3 granular soil insecticide products were evaulated on reduced tilled continuous corn at the OARDC Northwestern Branch Station near Hoytville. Each of the soil insecticides was evaluated at 2 rates. A RCBD was applied with 4 replicates. Plots were 61 m (200 ft) in length and 4 rows wide with 76.2 cm (30 inch) row spacing. Treatments were applied 8 Jun at planting time using a 4 row John Deere 7000 planter equipped with Noble granular applicators. All treatments were applied as a band prior to closure by the press wheel. Stand counts were taken 18 Jul on 30.5 m (100 ft) of row. Root systems of 5 plants per plot were rated 18 Jul using the Iowa 1-6 scale. On 19 Oct, plots were machine harvested to determine yield.
Efficacy of Soil Insecticides Against Western Corn Rootworm, 1995
Authors: Youngman R. R. , Kuhar T. P. , Laub C. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted in Mont-gomery Co., VA, to determine the effectiveness of several granular insecticides applied in-furrow or t-band at planting and a liquid formulation applied postemergence against western corn rootworm larvae on ‘Pioneer 3140’ corn. The experiments were conducted in 2 no-till cornfields consisting of a predominant Duffield-Ernest silt loam soil. Experiment I was in a 20-acre field (‘Back’ field) and Experiment II was in an 8-acre field (‘Machine Shed’ field). The fields had been in continuous corn production since 1988 (Back field) and 1985 (Machine Shed field), and had been treated with granular insecticides at planting every year since 1989 (Back field) and 1990 (Machine Shed field). Plots of 40 X 10 ft (i.e., 4 rows wide) were arranged in a RCB design with all insecticide treatments and an untreated check replicated 4 times. An Almaco, 2-row Max-Emerge planter was used to plant the plots on 12 May at a population density of 26,100 seeds/acre. For the granular insecticide treatments, insecticide granules were applied in front of the press wheels either directly in the seed furrow or in a 5-inch wide T-barid over the furrow, depending on the treatment. The standard granular insecticide applicator was removed from each row unit and replaced with a wooden device which held a pt mason jar used to dispense the insecticide granules. Attached to the underside of the wooden holder was a plastic funnel and tube through which the insecticide granules flowed. A single opening, drilled into the lid of each jar, was calibrated in the laboratory to deliver insecticides accurately at a speed of 3 mph. The possibility of mixing one or more insecticides was avoided by using a separate jar and lid for each treatment. At the start of application, a jar containing the appropriate insecticide granules was inverted and placed into each of the wooden holders. This method helped minimize soil compaction because the tractor made only 1 pass per plot. The postemergence application of the liquid formulation of Furadan 4F was made on 9 Jun using a backpack sprayer with a boom equipped with foui stainless steel 8002VS spray tips spaced 19 inches apart. Material was applied at 20 gpa 30 psi. Root ratings (20 Jul) and stand counts (13 Jun) were made. The roots of 5 consecutive corn plants were dug from each plot and washed of excess soil before ratings were made. Corn rootworm damage ratings were based on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1 = no feeding damage; 6 = three or more root nodes completely destroyed). Stand counts consisted of counting all cornstalks along a 40 row-ft section in each plot. A 2-way ANOVA with Fisher’s protected LSD was used to analyze differences among treatments.
Chemigation Treatment of Dough-Stage Popcorn to Manage Second Generation European Corn Borer Larvae in South Dakota, 1995
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An irrigated site near Lower Brule, in central SD, was chosen for our study. Pretreatment counts indicated a severe ECB infestation (60% of ear zones containing egg masses). Treatments were applied in 10-acre wedges in a pieshaped RCBD. Each wedge contained 4 replicates, and distance from outer field perimeter was used as the blocking criterion. Insecticides were applied on 17 Aug using an Agri-Inject injector unit (calibrated to dispense 14.3 oz of fluid/h) connected to a Zimmatic central pivot irrigation system which delivered 0.32 inches of water during the application. One month after treatment (16 Sep), 15 randomly selected plants per plot were split vertically and examined for tunneling injury (cavities) to the stalk or shank and presence of ECB larvae. All data were analyzed with SAS’s General Linear Models (GLM) procedure and means were compared using DMRT.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Boll Worms and Fall Armyworms in Southern North Carolina, 1995
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 25 Apr in an AutryviUe loamy fine sand near Richlands, NC. Recommended agronomic practices for fertility and weed control were followed and 0.675 lb (Al)/acre Temik 15G used at planting for thrips. A RCBD was used with 4 replicates and 6-row (38 inch centers) X 45 ft plots with 10 ft alleys. Treatments were applied with a back pack, CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gpa at 50 psi with one TX-8 hollow cone nozzle per row. Applications were made on 19 and 24 Jul and 7 Aug. One hundred squares and 100 bolls (25/plot) were examined on 2 Aug and 100 bolls on 21 Aug for damage and live BW and FAW. Plots were harvested with a 2-row John Deere mechanical harvester on 9 Oct. Insect data were subjected to ANOVA and DNMRT (P = 0.05).
Selected Insecticide/Nematicides for Control of Thrips in Virginia Cotton, 1995
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecti-cide/nematicides was evaluated for control of thrips (primarily F. fusca) in Virginia cotton. ‘Sure-Grow 501’ cotton was planted 1 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, Va. using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at the time of planting, granules using tractor-mounted inverted jars with lid holes calibrated to deliver exact amounts via gravity; liquids (IF, spray) with a CO2 pressurized tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 5.0 gal/acre at 24 psi through one SS8001E flat fan nozzle mounted just above planter disks and turned parallel to the row direction to deliver the spray fan into the seed furrow. Gaucho seed treatment was applied commercially. A RCB design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 30 ft. Adult and immature thrips were counted on 3 dates by cutting and placing 5 plants per plot into jars containing soapy water. Thrips were filtered and counted in the laboratory. Thrips injury to plants was determined by visually rating injury using a 0 to 5 scale, where 0 = no thrips induced plant injury, 1 = 10% injured leaves, no bud injury; 2 = 25% injured leaves, no bud injury; 3 = 75% injured leaves, and 0 to 25% buds injured; 4 = 90% injured leaves, and greater than 25% buds injured; and 5 = dead plants. Flower number was used as a measure of plant maturity as affected by thrips injury. Flowers were counted one time on 19 Jul in 6 row ft per plot. Yield was determined by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot (60 row ft per plot) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Lint values were calculated as 37% of total plot weights, assuming 63% was seed and trash. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD, or Duncan’s new multiple range statistical procedures.
Different Application Schedules and Insecticide Rates for Control of Bollworm in Virginia Cotton. 1995
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Different application schedules with insecticides at different rates were evaluated for control of bollworm in VA. ‘Sure-Grow 501’ cotton was planted 1 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA, using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gpa at 50 psi through three, D2-13 disc-core hollow cone nozzles per row, one over the top of the row and one on each side. Four application schedule/insecticide rate combinations were tested: 1)3 applications at the standard rate, the 1 st at the egg threshold, the 2nd in 5d, and the 3rd in l0d; 2) 2 applications at the standard rate, the 1st at the egg threshold, the 2nd in 5d; 3) 2 applications, the 1st at the egg threshold using 1.6x the standard rate, and the 2nd in 5d using the standard rate; 4) 1 application at the egg threshold using 1.6x the standard rate. Egg threshold application was based on the presence of 10 or more bollworm eggs per 100 plant terminals, or 2 or more per 100 fruil (squares or bolls). A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 6 rows by 30 ft. Boll damage and bollworm numbers were determined by sampling 25 randomly selected bolls per plot. Samples were taken at roughly weekly intervals after the occurrence of the egg threshold. Yield was determined by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot (60 row ft per plot) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Lint values were calculated as 37% of total plot weights, assuming 63% was seed and trash. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides for Control of Bollworm and Budworm, 1995
Authors: Meyers H. B. , Johnson D. R. , Klein C. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 17 May at the Robert Fratesi farm in Jefferson County. Plots consisted of 8 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 19 Jun, 2 Jul, and 15 Jul with a CO2 sprayer mounted on a John Deere 6000 hi-cycle. Total volume was 9.91 gpa at 25 psi using Teejet TXVS-6 nozzles on 20 inch spacings. Insect counts on the first 2 evaluation dates (19 Jul, 2 Aug) were made by whole plant examination of 14 row ft in the center of each plot. Insect counts on the last evaluation date (15 Aug) were made by randomly examining 50 squares and terminals throughout the plot.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Tarnished Plant Bugs, 1995
Authors: Pankey J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Ten insecticide treatments were evaluated for efficacy against tarnished plant bugs in cotton at the Macon Ridge Location of the Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro, LA. Cottonseed was planted 1 May in 4 row plots (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 24 Jul with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gpa through TeeJet TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 46 psi. Treatments were evaluated 3 and 7 DAT with a standard 15 inch diam sweep net by counting both tarnished plant bug adults and nymphs in a 10 sweep sample/plot. No rainfall was recorded during the test. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Foliar Sprays to Control Cotton Aphids, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 17 May at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25-ft row, bordered on each side by an untreated guard row, with 3 ft row spacing. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a RCB design. In order to flare the aphid population as uniformly as possible throughout the test, the entire site was sprayed with 0.05 lb(AI)/acre Asana XL on 26 Jul and 2 and 8 Aug. The treatments were applied on 15 Aug using a 3 hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 60 gpa at 40 psi. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of the total number of aphids on 5 randomly picked leaves/plot pre-treatment and at 7 and 14 DAT.
Tarnished Plant Bug Response to Provado Plus Sucrose, 1995
Authors: Teague T. G. , Bearden S. L. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of sucrose on efficacy of Provado insecticide to control TPB caged on cotton plants. Cotton was planted 15 May 1995 on the UA Cotton Branch Experiment Station in Marianna, AR, in 6 row (38 inch centers) wide plots 50 ft long separated by 2 row buffer zones. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 3 replications. Insecticides were applied 21 Jul using a 4-row CO2 charged back pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 13 gpa at 23 psi with 1 TJ-50 8002vs nozzle per row. Prior to application, TPB were collected using sweep nets in blooming mustard and placed into 15 ml plastic vials (5 insects per vial) on ice. Three organdy sleeve cages, 9 inches diam by 22 inches long, were secured to individual plants by tying the lower end of each cage around the plant ca 1 ft from the terminal with twist ties. The cages were rolled down to the tie and covered with aluminum foil leaving plant terminals exposed. Following treatment the foil was removed, the cage pulled up, and 5 TPB adults were placed into each cage. Cage tops were secured with twist ties. After 72 hr, plants were cut below the cage and taken to the laboratory where they were inspected over white background for dead and living bugs.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticide Combinations Against Boll Worm/Tobacco Budworm in Louisiana, 1995
Authors: Torrey K. D. , Leonard B. R. , Fife J. H. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated against BW/TBW at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station. Cotton seed was planted 12 Jun in plots consisting of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gpa through Teejet TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 46 psi. Insecticides were applied on 8, 11, 14, 18 Aug and 11 Sep. Treatments were evaluated by examining 50 flower buds (squares) per plot on 11, 14, 22 Aug for evidence of BW/TBW and boll weevil damage. Data reported for boll weevil represent a mean across all sample dates. The plots were mechanically harvested on 16 Oct to determine seed cotton yields. The test area was irrigated by an overhead sprinkler “as needed” during the season, but not within 48 h of treatment applications. Rainfall did not influence the effects of these treatments. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Soybean Looper and Beet Armyworm Control on Soybean in Louisiana, 1995
Authors: Fitzpatrick B. J. , Mascarenhas R. N. , Boyd M. L. , Boethel D. J. , Burris E. , Cook D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of selected insecticides for control of soybean looper (SBL) and beet armyworm (BAW) was determined in 3 small plot insecticide trials conducted at the Northeast Research Station near St. Joseph, LA (Tensas Parish). Treatments were applied to ‘Deltapine 105’ soybeans in the R5 growth stage using a high clearance, compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through TX12 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 45 psi. Plots were 50 ft long by 4 rows (40 inch row spacing) and were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 23, 24, and 29 Aug in Tests I, II, and III, respectively. One 25-sweep sample was taken from each plot with a standard 15 inch diameter sweep net at 2, 5, and 7 DAT in Test I; 2, 5, and 8 DAT in Test II; and 2 and 8 DAT in Test III. No rainfall occurred during Test I and II; a trace amount occurred on 4 Sep during Test III. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and treatment means separated by DMRT.
Sunflower Beetle Control with Low Dosages of Asana XI and Karate, Downer, Mn, 1994
Authors: Noetzel David M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was established in a grower’s field on 22 May and treatments applied that day. Plots were 4–30 inch rows by 25 ft in length. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Stage of plant at treatment time was about 4.9. Insecticide was applied in 20 gpa using a hand-held CO2 sprayer. Pressure was 40 psi. Yields were taken on 20 ft. of row from the center 2 rows and means compared using LSD.
Sunflower Beetle Larval Control, Nielsville, Mn, 1994
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Kasowski Mike 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were established in a commercial sunflower field. Plots were 4-22 inch wide rows 25 ft in length. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Insecticides were broadcast in 20 gpa using a hand held CO2 sprayer. Larval counts slightly exceeded the action level and treatments were applied on 30 Jun. Total larval counts were collected from 10 plants/plot on 2 dates. Defoliation estimates were based on whole plant evaluations. Yields were taken on 20 ft of row from the center 2 plot rows and means compared using the method of LSD.
Evaluation of Talstar, Dursban, and Experimental Formulations to Manage Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass at the Valentine Turfgrass Research Center, University Park, Pennsylvania, 1995
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treat-ment plots were 10 X 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 6 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 8 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 756 ml of water/80 ft2 or delivering 2.5 gal/1,000 ft?2. At treatment time (24 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 75°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 78°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 74°F; RH, 83%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inch; soil textural class, loamy sand; soil particle size analysis: 80.0% sand, 11.5% silt, 8.5% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 31%; organic matter, 3.4%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.6; time of application, early morning; and overcast skies. The area was irrigated in with 0.1 inch of water immediately after treatment (24 Jul). Efficacy data was recorded 3 DAT and 7 DAT by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 15 ml Lemon Joy™dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water.
Efficacy of Chemical and Biological Insecticides for Control of Overwintered Japanese Beetle and Northern Masked Chafer Larvae on a Golf Course Rough in Summit County, Ohio, 1995
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on a golf course rough at Valley View Golf Course in Akron, Ohio. Insecticides were applied 3 May to plots 5 X 10 ft (1.5 X 3.1 m) arranged in a RCB, replicated 3 times. Liquid treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer and TeeJet™ XR8010VS nozzles at 30 psi (2.19 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 3.1 gal/1000 ft2 (1262 liter/ha). The granular treatment was applied with a drop spreader. After all treatments were applied, the area was irrigated with approximately ½inch (13 mm) of water using the golf course system. Environmental conditions at the time of treatment were as follows: White grubs: approximately 15/ft2, 60% NMC 3rd instars, 40% JB 3rd instars; Turf: level, dry, 1.0-2.0 inch (2.5-5.0 cm) ht, 50% bentgrass, 30% annual bluegrass, and 20% Kentucky Bluegrass, no thatch; Soil: moist, 50°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 3 inch (7.6 cm); Weather: sunny, 47°F, no wind. Efficacy data taken 30 May (28 DAT) were based on the number of live larvae in four samples 7X7 inch (17.8 X 17.8 cm) from each plot. Analysis of variance was done on plot totals transformed to log (X+l) and means separated by LSD test at P = 0.05.
Influence of a Surfactant on the Efficacy of Registered Insecticides for Control of Japanese Beetle and Northern Masked Chafer Larvae on a Golf Course Rough in Summit County, OHIO, 1995
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on a golf course rough at Valley View Golf Course in Akron, Ohio. Applications were made 23 Aug to plots 8 X 10 ft (2.4 X 3.1 m) arranged in a RCB, replicated 4 times. The formulations were tank mixed with various concentrations of an organosilicone surfactant (OSS). Tank mixes were applied with a CO2 sprayer and TeeJet™ 8015 nozzles at 60 psi (4.22 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 3 gal/1000 ft2 (1222 liter/ha). After all treatments were applied the area was irrigated with approximately 3/8 inch (1 cm) of water using the golf course system. Environmental conditions at the time of treatment were as follows: White grubs: approximately 25/ft2, 60% NMC 3rd instars, 40% JB 2nd and 3rd instars; Turf: level, dew, 2 inch (5 cm) ht, 30% bentgrass, 30% crabgrass, 20% annual bluegrass, and 20% Kentucky Bluegrass, 1/8 inch thatch; Soil: moist, 78°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 80°F at 3 inch (7.6 cm); Weather: clear, 76°F, 0 -3 mph wind. Efficacy data taken 27 Sep (35 DAT) were based on the number of live larvae in six samples 7X7 inch (17.8 X 17.8 cm) in from each plot. Analysis of variance was done on plot total transformed to log (X+l) and means separated by LSD test at P = 0.05.