bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building and validating a prediction model for paediatric type 1 diabetes risk using next generation targeted sequencing of class II HLA genes
Authors: Zhao Lue Ping , Carlsson Annelie , Larsson Helena Elding , Forsander Gun , Ivarsson Sten A. , Kockum Ingrid , Ludvigsson Johnny , Marcus Claude , Persson Martina , Samuelsson Ulf , Örtqvist Eva , Pyo Chul‐Woo , Bolouri Hamid , Zhao Michael , Nelson Wyatt C. , Geraghty Daniel E. , Lernmark Åke ,   The Better Diabetes Diagnosis (BDD) Study Group
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimIt is of interest to predict possible lifetime risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in young children for recruiting high‐risk subjects into longitudinal studies of effective prevention strategies.MethodsUtilizing a case‐control study in Sweden, we applied a recently developed next generation targeted sequencing technology to genotype class II genes and applied an object‐oriented regression to build and validate a prediction model for T1D.ResultsIn the training set, estimated risk scores were significantly different between patients and controls (P = 8.12 × 10−92), and the area under the curve (AUC) from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was 0.917. Using the validation data set, we validated the result with AUC of 0.886. Combining both training and validation data resulted in a predictive model with AUC of 0.903. Further, we performed a “biological validation” by correlating risk scores with 6 islet autoantibodies, and found that the risk score was significantly correlated with IA‐2A (Z‐score = 3.628, P < 0.001). When applying this prediction model to the Swedish population, where the lifetime T1D risk ranges from 0.5% to 2%, we anticipate identifying approximately 20 000 high‐risk subjects after testing all newborns, and this calculation would identify approximately 80% of all patients expected to develop T1D in their lifetime.ConclusionThrough both empirical and biological validation, we have established a prediction model for estimating lifetime T1D risk, using class II HLA. This prediction model should prove useful for future investigations to identify high‐risk subjects for prevention research in high‐risk populations.
Power of Orbitrap‐based LC‐high resolution‐MS/MS for comprehensive drug testing in urine with or without conjugate cleavage or using dried urine spots after on‐spot cleavage in comparison to established LC–MSn or GC–MS procedures
Authors: Michely Julian A. , Meyer Markus R. , Maurer Hans H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractReliable, sensitive, and comprehensive urine screening procedures by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) with low or high resolution (HR) are of high importance for drug testing, adherence monitoring, or detection of toxic compounds. Besides conventional urine sampling, dried urine spots are of increasing interest. In the present study, the power of LC–HR–MS/MS was investigated for comprehensive drug testing in urine with or without conjugate cleavage or using dried urine spots after on‐spot cleavage in comparison to established LC–MSn or GC–MS procedures. Authentic human urine samples (n = 103) were split in 4 parts. One aliquot was prepared by precipitation (UP), one by UP with conjugate cleavage (UglucP), one spot on filter paper cards and prepared by on‐spot cleavage followed by liquid extraction (DUSglucE), and one worked‐up by acid hydrolysis, liquid–liquid extraction, and acetylation for GC–MS analysis. The 3 series of LC–HR–MS/MS results were compared among themselves, to corresponding published LC–MSn data, and to screening results obtained by conventional GC–MS. The reference libraries used for the 3 techniques contained over 4500 spectra of parent compounds and their metabolites. The number of all detected hits (770 drug intakes) was set to 100%. The LC–HR–MS/MS approach detected 80% of the hits after UP, 89% after UglucP, and 77% after DUSglucE, which meant over one‐third more hits in comparison to the corresponding published LC–MSn results with ≤49% detected hits. The GC–MS approach identified 56% of all detected hits. In conclusion, LC–HR–MS/MS provided the best screening results after conjugate cleavage and precipitation.
A translational neuroscience approach to body image disturbance and its remediation in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Feusner Jamie , Deshpande Rangaprakash , Strober Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDeviant perception of the body is a fundamental component of anorexia nervosa. Here we offer a potential mechanistic explanation that involves perturbations within the visual system and the brain circuits that modulate perceptual organization. Based on the model proposed, we also suggest a mechanistic strategy for altering neuronal activity in the visual system to normalize perception of the body, and set out a strategy for empirically testing its clinical application.
Hydrodynamic lift forces on solutes in a tilted nanopillar array: A computer simulation study
Authors: Kabedev Aleksei , Ross‐Lonergan Mark , Lobaskin Vladimir 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe study solute transport in a microfluidic channel, where the walls hold an array of tilted rigid nanopillars. By solving numerically the flow equations in the channel, we show that a combination of hydrodynamic effects with excluded volume interactions between the solute particles and the pillars leads to a hydrodynamic lift effect, which varies with the particle size, and depends in a strongly nonlinear fashion on the flow rate. We show that the lift force can be sufficiently strong to drive the solute accumulation or removal from the pillar region and can be switched to the opposite direction by variation of the shear rate or driving pressure. We also demonstrate that the nanopillar array can be used to selectively attract particles of certain size and enhance solute trapping at the surface.
Biosorption‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with polypyrrole‐coated magnetic nanoparticles as an effective sorbent for the extraction of ibuprofen from water samples using magnetic solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Haeri Seyed Ammar , Abbasi Shahryar , Sajjadifar Sami 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, biosorption‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (BioDLLME) in combination with magnetic solid‐phase extraction (MSPE) has been developed as a sample pretreatment method with high enrichment factor for the sensitive determination of ibuprofen in water samples. At first, magnetic Fe3O4/polypyrrole nanoparticles were synthesized and employed as sorbent for the MSPE of ibuprofen. After the elution of the desired compound from the sorbent by using methanol, BioDLLME technique was performed on the obtained solution. After MSPE, the eluent of MSPE was used as the disperser solvent for BioDLLME, so that the extra preconcentration factor could be achieved. The properties of the prepared magnetic sorbent were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction methods. Experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized. Under optimum conditions, the enrichment factor was 274. The linear dynamic range and limit of detection are 0.25–80 and 0.083 μg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations for six replicate measurements are 3.82%.
NiNb2O6‐BaTiO3 Ceramics for Energy‐Storage Capacitors
Authors: Zeng Mengshi , Liu Jingsong , Yu Hongtao , Chao Mingming , Tang Bin , Zhang Shuren 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNiNb2O6‐BaTiO3 ceramics were prepared using a solid‐state reaction method, and the effects of the addition of NiNb2O6 on the dielectric properties and energy‐storage characteristics of BaTiO3 were investigated systematically. We used XRD to show that the obtained NiNb2O6‐BaTiO3 ceramics possess a single perovskite structure. The addition of NiNb2O6 improves the energy density efficiency and leads to a decrease of the dielectric loss to less than 1 %. Moreover, optimum performances of the BaTiO3 ceramics can be achieved by the addition of 1.0 mol % NiNb2O6, at which content the obtained ceramic satisfies the X7R specification. The addition of NiNb2O6 stabilizes the crystalline lattice, which enhances the temperature stability of the dielectric properties accordingly.
Influence of the diffusor angle and a damper opening angle on the performance of a hydrokinetic turbine
Authors: Chica E. , Pérez F. , Rubio‐Clemente A. 
Published: July 2017

Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technique has been used to investigate the effect of the diffuser expansion angle on the power coefficient of a hydrokinetic turbine. The performance coefficient was compared to that of a conventional bare hydrokinetic turbine of 1 Hp (746 W) designed for a water velocity of 1.5 m s−1 with a tip speed ratio of 6.325; an attack and pitch angle of 5 and 0 degrees, respectively; a power coefficient of 0.4382; a drive train efficiency of 70% and a S822 airfoil profile. The CFD results showed that the extracted power of the hydrokinetic turbine with diffuser can be larger than the power extracted by a bare turbine with the same area. Nevertheless, the level of stress on the blade structure was also increased due to the hydrokinetic turbine with diffuser was exposed to a larger structural loading condition by the water flow.Additionally, the numerical analysis of a damper located at the exit of the turbine diffuser was developed. It was observed that when the opening angle of the damper is between 0 and 20 degrees, an increase in the mass flow through the turbine blades is achieved, resulting in a slight increase in the power coefficient. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 824–831, 2018
Epilepsy is associated with ventricular alterations following convulsive status epilepticus in children
Authors: Ali Wail , Bubolz Beth A. , Nguyen Linh , Castro Danny , Coss‐Bu Jorge , Quach Michael M. , Kennedy Curtis E. , Anderson Anne E. , Lai Yi‐Chen 
Published: July 2017

SummaryObjectiveConvulsive status epilepticus can exert profound cardiovascular effects in adults, including ventricular depolarization–repolarization abnormalities. Whether status epilepticus adversely affects ventricular electrical properties in children is less understood. Therefore, we sought to characterize ventricular alterations and the associated clinical factors in children following convulsive status epilepticus.MethodsWe conducted a 2‐year retrospective case–control study. Children between 1 month and 21 years of age were included if they were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with primary diagnosis of convulsive status epilepticus and had 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) within 24 h of admission. Children with heart disease or ion channelopathy, or who were on vasoactive medications were excluded. Age‐matched control subjects had no history of seizures or epilepsy. The primary outcome was ventricular abnormalities represented by ST segment changes, abnormal T wave, QRS axis deviation, and corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation. The secondary outcomes included QT/RR relationship, beat‐to‐beat QTc interval variability, ECG interval measurement between groups, and clinical factors associated with ECG abnormalities.ResultsOf 317 eligible children, 59 met the inclusion criteria. History of epilepsy was present in 31 children (epileptic) and absent in 28 children (nonepileptic). Compared with the control subjects (n = 31), the status epilepticus groups were more likely to have an abnormal ECG, with overall odds ratios of 3.8 and 7.0 for the nonepileptic and the epileptic groups, respectively. Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated that children with epilepsy exhibited impaired dependence and adaptation of the QT interval on heart rate. Beat‐to‐beat QTc interval variability, a marker of ventricular repolarization instability, was increased in children with epilepsy.SignificanceConvulsive status epilepticus can adversely affect ventricular electrical properties and stability in children, especially those with epilepsy. These findings suggest that children with epilepsy may be particularly vulnerable to seizure‐induced arrhythmias. Therefore, postictal cardiac surveillance may be warranted in this population.
Perturbation of fluvial sediment fluxes following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Wang Wei , Godard Vincent , Liu‐Zeng Jing , Scherler Dirk , Xu Chong , Zhang Jinyu , Xie Kejia , Bellier Olivier , Ansberque Claire , de Sigoyer Julia ,   ASTER Team
Published: July 2017

AbstractQuantifying the removal of co‐seismic landslide material after a large‐magnitude earthquake is central to our understanding of geomorphic recovery from seismic events and the topographic evolution of tectonically active mountain ranges. In order to gain more insight into the fluvial erosion response to co‐seismic landslides, we focus on the sediment fluxes of rivers flowing through the rupture zone of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen Shan of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Over the post‐seismic period of 2008–2013, we annually collected river sediment samples (0.25–1 mm) at 19 locations and measured the concentration of cosmogenic 10Be in quartz. When compared with published pre‐earthquake data, the 10Be concentrations declined dramatically after the earthquake at all sampling sites, but with significant spatial differences in the amplitude of this decrease, and were starting to increase toward pre‐earthquake level in several basins over the 5‐year survey. Our analysis shows that the amplitude of 10Be decrease is controlled by the amount of landslides directly connected to the river network. Calculations based on 10Be mixing budgets indicate that the sediment flux of the 0.25–1 mm size fraction increased up to sixfold following the Wenchuan earthquake. Our results also suggest that fluvial erosion became supply limited shortly after the earthquake, and predict that it could take a few years to several decades for fluvial sediment fluxes to go back to pre‐earthquake characteristics, depending on catchment properties. We also estimate that it will take at least decades and possibly up to thousands of years to remove the co‐seismic landslide materials from the catchments in the Longmen Shan. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geomorphic and hydraulic unit richness and complexity in a coastal plain river
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGeomorphic and hydraulic units in river channels are closely linked to geodiversity and habitats, and thus to biodiversity. In a ~ 200 km reach of the lower Sabine River, in the northern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain, 72 different hydraulic units (HU) were identified in six geomorphic zones or river styles. Richness–area relationships indicate a linear or logarithmic increase of HUs, as opposed to the less steep power functions generally found in biogeographic species–area curves or in soil richness–area analyses. Different results are obtained when starting from the upstream or downstream end of the study area, indicating the importance of directionality in such analyses. These results show that HUs (and related habitats and biotopes) are both richer and more variable than a repeated sequence of units. The number of HUs inundated increases linearly with flow stage categories, indicating the importance of high within‐bank flows in maintaining and activating HUs. Aggregated HUs (AHUs) associated with similar geomorphic units are highly connected, both with respect to patterns of spatial adjacency and potential connectivity at similar flow levels. Spectral graph theory metrics applied to a graph representation of spatial adjacency shows a highly complex network with a high potential for rapid propagation of changes—and even more so for a graph based on flow connectivity. The flow connectivity graph shows far higher synchronization as indicated by algebraic connectivity. Thus suggests more rapid and coherent changes for processes driven by river flow, as opposed to phenomena driven by other factors between flow events. These findings have important implications for understanding relationships between geodiversity and habitat diversity, managing habitat and biodiversity, and linking the latter to instream flows. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Duration of life-cycle toxicity tests with the ostracod Heterocypris incongruens
Authors: Hiki Kyoshiro , Tobino Tomohiro , Nakajima Fumiyuki , Tsukahara Kenta 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

An acute sediment toxicity test using the ostracod Heterocypris incongruens is user friendly and has high sensitivity; however, a life-cycle test using this species has not been developed. The most challenging problem when developing a life-cycle test is that the egg development time varies greatly and is sometimes too long (&gt; 150 d) to monitor. It is desirable to shorten the duration of life-cycle toxicity tests including the observation period of egg development while preserving the ecological relevance of the net reproductive rate (R0), an endpoint in the life-cycle test. Therefore, in the present study, we suggest a practical test duration for R0 using population growth rate (λ) as a measure of ecological relevance. We collected a range of life history characteristics of the ostracod by combining data from the literature and experimental results, constructed population matrix models, and calculated λ for 20 life history patterns. The results showed that a longer test period (&gt; 150 d) did not increase the correlation coefficients between R0 and λ. Rather, a shorter test duration resulted in R0 being highly correlated with λ. Our results suggest that a life-cycle toxicity test using the ostracod can provide an ecologically relevant toxicity endpoint, even if the test is abandoned after approximately 50 d and unhatched eggs remain. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3443–3449. © 2017 SETAC
Effects of deltamethrin, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos on survival and reproduction of the collembolan Folsomia candida and the predatory mite Hypoaspis aculeifer in two African and two European soils
Authors: Jaabiri Kamoun Ikram , Jegede Olukayode O , Owojori Olugbenga J , Bouzid Jalel , Gargouri Radhia , Römbke Jörg 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Indiscriminate use of pesticides is rampant in most parts of Africa, but only scanty ecotoxicological data exist for the protection of soil organisms—and these data were usually obtained under temperate conditions, including the use of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) standard test protocols. In order to assess the effects of 3 commonly used pesticides (deltamethrin, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos) on soil fauna in Africa, noncontaminated natural soils were collected from Nigeria and Tunisia. In addition, 2 common test soils, OECD artificial soil and European (Landwirtschaftliche Untersichungs- und Forschungsanstalt [LUFA]) 2.3 soil, were used in OECD standard reproduction tests. Two microarthropod species, the springtail Folsomia candida and the predatory mite Hypoaspis aculeifer, were exposed in these 4 soils spiked individually with the 3 insecticides. Results show that the collembolan F. candida was more sensitive than the mite H. aculeifer for all 3 insecticides. The toxicity of each insecticide in the 4 soils differed, with few exceptions, by less than an order of magnitude. However, the pattern of toxicity was not consistent, that is, the lowest toxicity was often but not always found in OECD artificial soil. Soil- and pesticide-specific patterns of toxicity to F. candida and H. aculeifer might be related to the physicochemical properties of the soils and thus the availability of the 3 pesticides. Following the rules laid down in the European Union for the registration of pesticides and using standard European exposure scenarios, neither an acute nor a chronic risk of dimethoate and chlorpyrifos can be excluded (with few exceptions) in all 4 soils. Lower risks were identified for deltamethrin. For pesticide used in Africa, an environmental risk assessment based on data gained in tests with at least 1 additional natural field soil, preferably of African origin, should be performed using the same risk assessment principles as in the European Union. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:92–104. © 2017 SETAC

Key Points
Comparison of effects of 3 insecticides on 2 microarthropods in 2 temperate and 2 African soils. Folsomia candida was always more sensitive than Hypoaspis aculeifer for both endpoints. No consistent pattern of toxicity was found regarding the effects of the 3 insecticides in the 4 soils. Acute and chronic risks were identified for dimethoate and chlorpyrifos, but much less for deltamethrin.
Radical hysterectomy after radiotherapy for recurrent or persistent cervical cancer
Authors: Mabuchi Seiji , Kozasa Katsumi , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of radical hysterectomy after radiotherapy (RH‐AR) for recurrent or persistent cervical cancer.MethodsThe present retrospective study included patients who underwent RH‐AR for recurrent or persistent cervical cancer at Osaka University Hospital, Japan, between May 1, 2010 and September 30, 2016. Patient characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative adverse events, and surgical outcomes were investigated to identify patients at increased risk of recurrence or severe surgical adverse events.ResultsThere were 31 patients scheduled for treatment with RH‐AR; one hysterectomy procedure was aborted. No intraoperative adverse events or treatment‐related deaths occurred, and 8 (27%) patients experienced severe postoperative adverse events. After a median 34 months of follow‐up, 13 (43%) patients had developed recurrent disease, predominantly at distant sites. The estimated 3‐year overall survival rate was 53.8%. Positive surgical margins, nodal metastasis, parametrial invasion, and no adjuvant treatment after RH‐AR were found to be predictors of increased risk of recurrence. No predictors of severe surgical adverse events were identified.ConclusionRH‐AR was a safe, curative treatment for patients with recurrent or persistent cervical cancer. However, considering the significant risk of surgical adverse events, RH‐AR should only be performed for a select group of patients.
Severe maternal morbidity and perinatal outcomes of multiple pregnancy in the Brazilian Network for the Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Santana Danielly S. , Cecatti José G. , Haddad Samira M. , Parpinelli Mary A. , Costa Maria L. , Surita Fernanda G. , Sousa Maria H. ,   the Brazilian Network for the Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity Study Group
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare severe maternal complications (potentially life‐threatening conditions [PLTCs], maternal near miss [MNM], and maternal death) and perinatal outcomes between multiple and singleton pregnancies.MethodsA secondary analysis was undertaken using data from the Brazilian Network for Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity (prospective surveillance of morbidities in 27 Brazilian obstetric units between July 2009 and June 2010). Health indicators and criteria used for PLTCs and MNM were assessed. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRadj) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for perinatal outcomes.ResultsAmong 267 multiple pregnancies, 235 (88.0%) were affected by PLTCs, 25 (9.4%) by MNM, and 7 (2.6%) by maternal death; these prevalences did not differ from singleton pregnancies (n=7986). Management criteria for MNM were used almost twice as much in multiple pregnancies (PRadj 1.85, 95% CI 1.41–2.42). Preterm birth (PRadj 1.62, 95% CI 1.41–1.86), low birthweight (PRadj 1.73, 95% CI 1.45–2.06 for the first‐born vs singleton), any adverse perinatal outcome (PRadj 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.22 for the second‐ vs first‐born), and neonatal near miss (PRadj 1.37, 95% CI 1.13–1.67 for the second‐born vs singleton) were significantly associated with multiple pregnancy.ConclusionAmong cases of severe maternal morbidity, perinatal but not maternal outcomes were poorer for multiple pregnancies than for singletons. Differentiated care is needed during pregnancy and childbirth.