bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosurfactant Production and Biodegradation of Leather Dust from Tannery
Authors: Greenwell Mary , Sarker Mosharraf , Rahman Pattanathu K.S.M. 
Published: November 2016

Background:
The leather industry contributes vast amounts of pollution damaging to aquatic and terrestrial environments. Leather dust is a chromium-contaminated waste produced from the shaving and buffering processes involved in leather tanning. Microorganisms have been investigated for their usefulness in bioremediation and recycling of waste materials. Solid leather waste is the current focus of material to be remediated in this study.

Objective:
The present work focuses on the development of a process to degrade the leather dust protein with the aim of removing the chromium bound within the protein. As part of the study, detecting the presence of biosurfactant production was performed to fuel further interest in value-added by-products of the process.

Method:

Bacillus subtilis SA-6 was used to treat the leather dust over a 10 day shake flask study. Daily samples were taken and analysed for chromium content by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The surface tension of the shake flask cultures was also investigated to detect for any valuable by-products such as biosurfactants for future prospects of developing an economically viable process.

Results:
Chromium concentration demonstrated an exponential increase between 0-120 h in shake flask experiments. In the presence of B. subtilis SA-6 chromium concentration in cell free supernatant increased from 0.13±0.09 mg/L to 190.81±20.18 mg/L compared to when B. subtilis SA-6 was absent. Surface tension decreased during fermentation from 53.23±0.92 mN/m to 30.13±0.15 mN/m in 24 h.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates a waste management process, which detoxifies solid tannery waste to reduce environmental pollution, whilst yielding value-added products (such as biosurfactant) to provide an economically viable bioprocess with potential for large-scale development.
Functional and Genomic Features of Human Genes Mutated in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Forero Diego A. , Prada Carlos F. , Perry George 
Published: November 2016

Background:
In recent years, a large number of studies around the world have led to the identification of causal genes for hereditary types of common and rare neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Objective:
To explore the functional and genomic features of known human genes mutated in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Methods:
A systematic search was used to develop a comprehensive catalog of genes mutated in neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD). Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction analyses were carried out. A false discovery rate approach was used for correction for multiple testing.

Results:
We found several functional categories that are enriched among NPD genes, such as gene ontologies, protein domains, tissue expression, signaling pathways and regulation by brain-expressed miRNAs and transcription factors. Sixty six of those NPD genes are known to be druggable. Several topographic parameters of protein-protein interaction networks and the degree of conservation between orthologous genes were identified as significant among NPD genes.

Conclusion:
These results represent one of the first analyses of enrichment of functional categories of genes known to harbor mutations for NPD. These findings could be useful for a future creation of computational tools for prioritization of novel candidate genes for NPD.
New 1-octanoyl-3-aryl thiourea derivatives: Solvent-free synthesis, characterization and multi-target biological activities
Authors: Larik Fayaz Ali , Saeed Aamer , Channar Pervaiz Ali , Ismail Hammad , Dilshad Erum , Mirza Bushra 
Published: November 2016

<p>An efficient solvent-free synthesis of a 10-member library of octanoyl linked substituted aryl thioureas was accomplished successfully. The octanoyl isothiocyanate was freshly prepared in excellent yield and purity by the reaction of potassium thiocyanate with octanoyl chloride followed by removal of potassium chloride by filtration. The reaction of the latter with a series of ten different substituted anilines by stirring at 60-65°C lead to the formation of the title compounds. The <em>in vitro</em> antifungal activity of newly synthesized compounds was evaluated against <em>Aspergillus niger, A. flavus</em> and <em>Fusarium solani</em> strains of pathogenic fungi. Antibacterial assay was carried out against Gram positive (<em>Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus</em>) and Gram negative bacterial strains (<em>Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogens</em>). Furthermore, anti-oxidant potential and enzyme inhibition studies against α-amylase and butyryl cholinestrase were performed. The results obtained indicated moderate to excellent activities of most of the compounds whilst some derivatives showed potency higher than the standard used.</p><p><strong>Video Clips</strong>:</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/GJ8JFPUHdo4">Antibacterial assay</a>: 2 min 16 sec</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/1j73_wjZaOE">Enzyme inhibition</a>: 1 min 27 sec </p>
THE IMPACT OF UNRESOLVED TURBULENCE ON THE ESCAPE FRACTION OF LYMAN CONTINUUM PHOTONS
Authors: Safarzadeh M. , Scannapieco E. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate the relation between the turbulent Mach number (

) and the escape fraction of Lyman continuum photons (

) in high-redshift galaxies. Approximating the turbulence as isothermal and isotropic, we show that the increase in the variance in column densities from

to

causes

to increase by

%, and the increase from

to

causes

to increases by

% for a medium with opacity

. At a fixed Mach number, the correction factor for escape fraction relative to a constant column density case scales exponentially with the opacity in the cell, which has a large impact for simulated star-forming regions. Furthermore, in simulations of isotropic turbulence with full atomic/ionic cooling and chemistry, the fraction of HI drops by a factor of

at

even when the mean temperature is

. If turbulence is unresolved, these effects together enhance

by a factor

at Mach numbers above 10. Such Mach numbers are common at high redshifts where vigorous turbulence is driven by supernovae, gravitational instabilities, and merger activity, as shown both by numerical simulations and observations. These results, if implemented in the current hydrodynamical cosmological simulations to account for unresolved turbulence, can boost the theoretical predictions of the Lyman Continuum photon escape fraction and further constrain the sources of reionization.
Fundus Autofluorescence Patterns of Submacular Fluid Resolution Following Repair of Macula-Involving Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments
Authors: Simonett Joseph M. , Grewal Dilraj S. , Fawzi Amani A. , Lyon Alice T. , Gill Manjot K. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Submacular fluid (SMF) can persist for months to years following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) repair. The authors' objective was to describe fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings associated with the absorption of persistent submacular fluid (SMF) following RD repair.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective review of clinical data and FAF and OCT imaging from sequential postoperative visits in a cohort of patients with persistent SMF following RD repair.

RESULTS:
In 11 of 13 eyes with persistent SMF, patches of decreased FAF signal corresponded to SMF on OCT. In eight eyes, there was a hypo- to hyperautofluorescence transition at the time of SMF resolution. These areas of increased FAF signal correlated with inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction loss on OCT.

CONCLUSION:
FAF imaging can be informative when following SMF after RD repair; a hypo- to hyper-FAF signal transition correlates with SMF resolution and photoreceptor loss.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:1020–1029.]
Mishti Copes with diabetes: Yoga
Authors: Kanungo Alok , Chugh Shuchy 
Published: November 2016

AbstractType 1 diabetes is a lifelong disorder and its diagnosis usually comes as a shock not only for the child but for the whole family. It has a huge psychosocial impact as children with diabetes face discrimination and sometimes also limited social relationships. This stress and shock not only has ill effect on overall health but all disturbs daily routine and discipline which is essential for managing diabetes. Yoga is a traditional Indian practice which is not only a great way to relax and unwind, but also to get fit. It provides discipline, physical strength, flexibility and also emotional wellbeing and thus helps in coping with diabetes.
Factores influyentes en el éxito de la comunicación hospitalaria vía redes sociales
Authors: Rando Cueto Dolores , Paniagua Rojano Francisco Javier , De las Heras Pedrosa Carlos 
Published: November 2016

El objeto de estudio del presente artículo es la comunicación online en corporaciones hospitalarias españolas, en concreto, de los centros más influyentes en Twitter. Hipótesis y objetivos. Partimos de la hipótesis de que existe una baja participación de los hospitales en los medios sociales, a pesar del interés de los usuarios. El objetivo principal es definir las características y la estrategia para proponer ideas para optimizar la relación entre hospitales y ciudadanos a través de las redes sociales. Metodología. La metodología empleada se basa, fundamentalmente, en el análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de la actividad en Twitter de aquellos centros sanitarios especializados con mayor interacción. Resultados. Se observa el interés de los pacientes por la información y la actividad que los centros sanitarios comparten en las redes sociales, cuyos mensajes se pueden clasificar en: de ámbito no sanitario o relacionados con cuestiones extrínsecas a la actividad asistencial también suscitan un destacado interés, seguidos por aquellos sobre promoción y prevención sanitaria y de reconocimiento a protagonistas de alguna intervención en el entorno hospitalario. En la misma línea, se puede afirmar que se usa, en general, un tono cercano. Conclusiones. A partir de este trabajo, se proponen algunas estrategias encaminadas a mejorar la comunicación entre el hospital y sus diferentes stakeholders y, por ende, situaciones que rodean a los usuarios de los sistemas sanitarios, centradas en la relación entre atención sanitaria y el bienestar de la ciudadanía.
Utilización y valoración de las redes sociales generalistas y buscadores bibliográficos en las universidades gallegas
Authors: Rúas-Araújo José , Campos-Freire Francisco , Puentes-Rivera Iván 
Published: November 2016

Se analiza el conocimiento, uso, valoración e impacto de las redes sociales Facebook y Twitter y los buscadores bibliográficos por parte del Personal Docente e Investigador (PDI) de las tres universidades gallegas. Metodología: Se realizó una encuesta sobre el universo de los 5.498 docentes e investigadores, obteniendo una muestra de 463 respuestas, con un margen de error inferior al 5% y un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: El 50,2% del PDI considera la idoneidad de Facebook y Twitter para la docencia y la investigación frente al 49,8% que no. Scopus y Google Scholar son los buscadores más conocidos, con porcentajes superiores al 80% y una utilización superior al 60%, y EBSCO y EMBASE los menos. Discusión y conclusiones: Existe un estimable conocimiento y utilización de buscadores y opiniones enfrentadas entre quienes consideran la idoneidad de Facebook y Twitter para la docencia y la investigación y quienes no, lo cual sugiere un debate.
Multipoint spacecraft observations of long-lasting poloidal Pc4 pulsations in the dayside magnetosphere on 1–2 May 2014
Authors: Korotova Galina , Sibeck David , Engebretson Mark , Wygant John , Thaller Scott , Spence Harlan , Kletzing Craig , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Redmon Robert 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We use magnetic field and plasma observations from the Van Allen Probes, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite system (GOES) spacecraft to study the spatial and temporal characteristics of long-lasting poloidal Pc4 pulsations in the dayside magnetosphere. The pulsations were observed after the main phase of a moderate storm during low geomagnetic activity. The pulsations occurred during various interplanetary conditions and the solar wind parameters do not seem to control the occurrence of the pulsations. The most striking feature of the Pc4 magnetic field pulsations was their occurrence at similar locations during three of four successive orbits. We used this information to study the latitudinal nodal structure of the pulsations and demonstrated that the latitudinal extent of the magnetic field pulsations did not exceed 2 Earth radii (RE). A phase shift between the azimuthal and radial components of the electric and magnetic fields was observed from ZSM  =  0.30 RE to ZSM  =  −0.16 RE. We used magnetic and electric field data from Van Allen Probes to determine the structure of ULF waves. We showed that the Pc4 magnetic field pulsations were radially polarized and are the second-mode harmonic waves. We suggest that the spacecraft were near a magnetic field null during the second orbit when they failed to observe the magnetic field pulsations at the local times where pulsations were observed on previous and successive orbits. We investigated the spectral structure of the Pc4 pulsations. Each spacecraft observed a decrease of the dominant period as it moved to a smaller L shell (stronger magnetic field strength). We demonstrated that higher frequencies occurred at times and locations where Alfvén velocities were greater, i.e., on Orbit 1. There is some evidence that the periods of the pulsations increased during the plasmasphere refilling following the storm.
Refinement of the ice absorption spectrum in the visible using radiance profile measurements in Antarctic snow
Authors: Picard Ghislain , Libois Quentin , Arnaud Laurent 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Ice is a highly transparent material in the visible. According to the most widely used database (IA2008; Warren and Brandt, 2008), the ice absorption coefficient reaches values lower than 10−3 m−1 around 400 nm. These values were obtained from a vertical profile of spectral radiance measured in a single snow layer at Dome C in Antarctica. We reproduced this experiment using an optical fiber inserted in the snow to record 56 profiles from which 70 homogeneous layers were identified. Applying the same estimation method on every layer yields 70 ice absorption spectra. They present a significant variability but absorption coefficients are overall larger than IA2008 by 1 order of magnitude at 400–450 nm. We devised another estimation method based on Bayesian inference that treats all the profiles simultaneously. It reduces the statistical variability and confirms the higher absorption, around 2  ×  10−2 m−1 near the minimum at 440 nm. We explore potential instrumental artifacts by developing a 3-D radiative transfer model able to explicitly account for the presence of the fiber in the snow. The simulation shows that the radiance profile is indeed perturbed by the fiber intrusion, but the error on the ice absorption estimate is not larger than a factor of 2. This is insufficient to explain the difference between our new estimate and IA2008. The same conclusion applies regarding the plausible contamination by black carbon or dust, concentrations reported in the literature are insufficient. Considering the large number of profiles acquired for this study and other estimates from the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA), we nevertheless estimate that ice absorption values around 10−2 m−1 at the minimum are more likely than under 10−3 m−1. A new estimate in the range 400–600 nm is provided for future modeling of snow, cloud, and sea-ice optical properties. Most importantly, we recommend that modeling studies take into account the large uncertainty of the ice absorption coefficient in the visible and that future estimations of the ice absorption coefficient should also thoroughly account for the impact of the measurement method.
Evaluation of Environmental Cytotoxic Drug Contamination in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Higginbotham Mary Lynn , Fritz Sara E. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
The use of cytotoxic drugs to treat neoplastic conditions is increasing in veterinary practices. Many agents have the potential to be genotoxic and evidence of exposure to cytotoxic drugs has been found in healthcare workers handling these pharmaceuticals. To date, limited contamination evaluations have been performed in veterinary practices. Evaluation for carboplatin contamination was performed at a veterinary teaching hospital involving twelve areas in the dispensary and treatment room. Detectable levels of platinum were found on the surface of the biological safety cabinet where drugs are transferred from vial to administration device. Results indicate contamination did occur and care must be taken during all phases of cytotoxic drug preparation and administration; precautionary procedures must be in place to limit the spread of surface contamination and personnel exposure.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Standard Schnauzers: Retrospective Study of 15 Cases
Authors: Harmon Mark W. , Leach Stacey B. , Lamb Kenneth E. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common myocardial disorder of dogs, typically affecting large and giant breeds. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features of DCM in standard schnauzers. Medical records for 15 standard schnauzers diagnosed with DCM were reviewed. The median age at diagnosis of DCM was 1.6 yr, with all dogs developing left-sided congestive heart failure (CHF). The median age of onset of CHF was 1.6 yr, and was significantly shorter in males (1.5 yr) than for females (2.35 yr). The median survival time after diagnosis of CHF was 22 days, and was shorter in males (13 days) than females (62 days). The occurrence of early onset DCM in multiple closely related standard schnauzers suggests a familial predisposition in this breed. Pedigree analysis confirmed common ancestry for all DCM affected dogs with a most likely autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
Gastroduodenal Ulceration in Small Animals: Part 1. Pathophysiology and Epidemiology
Authors: Daure Evence , Ross Linda , Webster Cynthia R. L. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTGastroduodenal ulceration in small animals is a complex and important comorbidity that occurs when the physiological homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted secondary to administration of medications or the presence of local or systemic diseases. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the veterinary literature regarding the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and risk factors associated with gastroduodenal ulceration in small animals. Pertinent concepts from the human literature will be integrated into the discussion. This article serves as an introduction to the second part of this series, which will review current evidence regarding the use of H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors in small animals.
Collaboratief recht in België: een veelbelovende ADR-methode voor de Vlaamse advocaat
Authors: D’Herde Anne-Sofie 
Published: November 2016

Collaborative negotiation as a promising ADR-method for the Flemish lawyer
Over the last years the expectations of Belgian clients have changed and the Flemish lawyer needs to adapt his positioning. Clients are looking for a personalized solution that not only provides a solution for the substantive (pure legal) aspect of the dispute, but also meets, at least takes into account, the more emotional and relational aspects of the conflict.In collaborative negotiation (also called principled or interest-based negotiation), the approach is to treat the relationship as an important and valuable element while seeking an equitable and fair agreement for all parties.As part of the collaborative law method, each party engages its own specially trained Collaborative attorney whose job consists in helping to settle the dispute outside the court. If one of the parties however decides to go to court, the collaborative law process terminates and both attorneys are disqualified from any further involvement in the case.The Association of French- and German-speaking Bars of Belgium has integrated collaborative law in its code of ethics. The Association of Dutch speaking Bars of Belgium looks in which way collaborative law can also become a part of the practice of the Flemish lawyer.
Metal–insulator–metal photomonitor for optical waveguides at telecom wavelengths
Authors: Ishii Satoshi , Baghdasaryan Hovik , Marciniak Marian , Otomo Akira 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
A compact photodetector for an optical waveguide that is easy to integrate is necessary for optical on-chip devices. We demonstrate that a metallic contact covering an optical waveguide can monitor guided light in the 680 to 1550 nm wavelength range without blocking it. The contact is made of Au, titania, and Ti thin films that form a metal–insulator–metal structure. A concise design and facile fabrication process make our device particularly suitable for optical waveguides made of insulators such as polymers and dielectrics.
Structural evaluation of defects in β-Ga2O3 single crystals grown by edge-defined film-fed growth process
Authors: Ueda Osamu , Ikenaga Noriaki , Koshi Kimiyoshi , Iizuka Kazuyuki , Kuramata Akito , Hanada Kenji , Moribayashi Tomoya , Yamakoshi Shigenobu , Kasu Makoto 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We have structurally evaluated β-Ga2O3 crystals grown by edge-defined film-fed growth process using etch pitting, focused ion beam scanning ion microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and related techniques. We found three types of defects: arrays of edge dislocations corresponding to etch pit arrays on

-oriented wafers, platelike nanopipes corresponding to etch pits revealed on the (010)-oriented wafers, and twins including twin lamellae.
Characteristics of yttrium fluoride and yttrium oxide coatings for plasma process equipment prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying
Authors: Lin Tzu-Ken , Wuu Dong-Sing , Huang Shih-Yung , Wang Wei-Kai 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this study, yttrium fluoride (YF3) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) coatings were prepared by an atmospheric plasma spraying technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). YF3 powders were sprayed at various plasma spraying powers of 9, 15, and 21 kW. The XRD result indicates that the YF3 coating shows preferred orientations and was well crystallized. The XPS results revealed a strong Y–F bond on the YF3 coating surface. A porosity value analysis showed that the porosity of the YF3 coating was lower than that of the Y2O3 coating. Moreover, the dielectric strength of the YF3 coating (22.65 kV/mm) was higher than that of the Y2O3 coating (14.42 kV/mm). This confirms that the YF3 coating exhibits a breakdown voltage of 4.97 kV, which is more than 1.5 times higher than that observed for the Y2O3 coating (3.29 kV). These results indicate that the YF3 coating has better mechanical and dielectric properties than the Y2O3 coating, indicating that the YF3 coating is a very attractive novel antiplasma and corrosion-resistant material.