bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated competencies for the dental public health specialist: using the past and present to frame the future
Authors: Weintraub Jane A. , Rozier R. Gary 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveA new set of competencies for entry‐level specialists in dental public health (DPH) developed in 2016 updates the 1998 version. Our objective is to provide some context and perspective on this update.MethodsWe discuss the evolution of this dental specialty, how it differs from other dental specialties, and its importance for the public's oral health. Some societal trends that provide the rationale for this update are summarized. The ways in which this set of competencies differs from the last version are described.ResultsThe first set of behavioral objectives was established in 1974 and updated at workshops in 1988 and 1997. Advanced population‐based knowledge and public health perspectives beyond that obtained in predoctoral dental education continue to be essential for the nation's oral health. Since 1998, the impact of the digital age, advances in science and technology, changes in population demographics, health status and increasing inequalities, treatment needs, prevention and treatment modalities, healthcare delivery systems, financing, personnel, legislation, and regulations have all influenced DPH practice. The updated competencies include guiding principles for the specialty, a new focus on social determinants of health, and more flexibility to address the increasing complexity and interdisciplinary nature of public health problems and the expanding knowledge and skills needed to address them. The rapid expansion of public health education might serve as an important pipeline for future DPH specialists.ConclusionThe updated competencies can guide the educational preparation of DPH specialists and are aligned with the rapidly changing environment.
Time lags in functional response to management regimes – evidence from a 26‐year field experiment in wet meadows
Authors: Velbert Frederike , Kleinebecker Till , Mudrák Ondřej , Schwartze Peter , Hölzel Norbert 
Published: December 2016

AbstractQuestions(1) How does functional composition and diversity respond to different timings and frequencies of mowing or fallow treatment; (2) to which species assembly and related ecosystem processes do these developments correspond; and (3) what is the time course of these developments, and do they reach a stable state?LocationNorth‐western Germany.MethodsIn 1987, a field experiment in nine wet meadow sites formerly exploited as fertilized meadows or pastures was established with four management treatments: (1) mowing twice a year in June/July and in September, (2) mowing once a year in June/July, (3) mowing once a year in September, and (4) leaving fallow except for shrub removal. Vegetation was recorded at least every second year and the functional composition (CWM) and diversity (Rao's quadratic entropy) were analysed in the course of the experiment. We selected eight plant functional traits (Canopy height, SLA, LDMC, Seed mass, Shoot cyclicity, Clonal index, Onset of flowering, Leaf distribution) capturing the main plant life strategies.ResultsTemporal changes, fluctuations and divergences between treatments could be observed in both functional composition and diversity. In particular, the vegetation of the fallow treatment showed strong competition for light and a higher investment into internal nutrient cycling. Over time, all treatments respond towards more stressful conditions due to generally less intensive management compared with the former management and respective nutrient depletion, leading to a more nutrient‐retentive and patch‐holding strategy and little investment into competitive seedlings. High competition and loose abiotic filters in the fallow treatment led to a niche separation in foliar traits. Mowing on the other hand enforced a divergence of reproduction mechanisms.ConclusionWe detected long‐term fluctuations and on‐going changes in functional composition and diversity even after 26 yr. Especially early succession was characterized by a transient loss of functional diversity, caused by strong time lags in immigration and extinction of species. Our findings stress the importance of long‐term experimental studies to avoid precarious misinterpretations.
Risk for Hip Fracture due to Alpha Blocker Treatment in Korean Women: National Health Insurance Database Study
Authors: SEO Gi H. , SHIM Sung R. , LEE Hwan W. , KIM Jin H. , CHUN Dong‐Il , KIM Hyun J. , LEE Hyun Y. , KIM Jae H. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the risk for hip fracture associated with adverse drug reactions caused by α1‐adrenergic (alpha) blockers to treat female voiding dysfunction.MethodsInformation from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 was used. Hip fracture women patients who received a prescription for an alpha blocker due to voiding dysfunction were the cases. A 30‐day hazard period after administration of an alpha blocker was set. The 30‐day control period was defined as 360 days before administration. The standardized incidence ratio and hazard ratio for the risk of hip bone fracture as related to alpha blocker use were analyzed.ResultsThe study cohort included 287 383 subjects having a mean age of 65.1 ± 9.7 years in the study cohort. A total of 170 and 79 hip fracture cases were diagnosed in the hazard period and control period, respectively. The incidence of newly diagnosed hip fractures per 100 000 person‐years was 763.4 in the hazard period and 348.5 in the control period. The hazard ratio for hip fracture after use of an alpha blocker was 2.19 (95% confidence interval, 1.74–2.77).ConclusionsAlpha blockers to treat voiding dysfunction may have association with the risk for hip fracture in elderly women.
Evaluation of a Unique Defibrillation Unit with Dual‐Vector Biphasic Waveform Capabilities: Towards a Miniaturized Defibrillator
Authors: OKAMURA HIDEO , DESIMONE CHRISTOPHER V. , KILLU AMMAR M. , GILLES EMILY J. , TRI JASON , ASIRVATHAM ROSHINI , LADEWIG DEJAE J. , SUDDENDORF SCOTT H. , POWERS JOANNE M. , WOOD‐WENTZ CHRISTINA M. , GRAY PETER D. , RAYMOND DOUGLAS M. , SAVAGE SHELLEY J. , SAVAGE WALTER T. , BRUCE CHARLES J. , ASIRVATHAM SAMUEL J. , FRIEDMAN PAUL A. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundAutomated external defibrillators can provide life‐saving therapies to treat ventricular fibrillation. We developed a prototype unit that can deliver a unique shock waveform produced by four independent capacitors that is delivered through two shock vectors, with the rationale of providing more robust shock pathways during emergent defibrillation. We describe the initial testing and feasibility of this unique defibrillation unit, features of which may enable downsizing of current defibrillator devices.MethodsWe tested our defibrillation unit in four large animal models (two canine and two swine) under general anesthesia. Experimental defibrillation thresholds (DFT) were obtained by delivery of a unique waveform shock pulse via a dual‐vector pathway with four defibrillation pads (placed across the chest). DFTs were measured and compared with those of a commercially available biphasic defibrillator (Zoll M series, Zoll Medical, Chelmsford, MA, USA) tested in two different vectors. Shocks were delivered after 10 seconds of stable ventricular fibrillation and the output characteristics and shock outcome recorded. Each defibrillation series used a step‐down to failure protocol to define the defibrillation threshold.ResultsA total of 96 shocks were delivered during ventricular fibrillation in four large animals. In comparison to the Zoll M series, which delivered a single‐vector, biphasic shock, the energy required for successful defibrillation using the unique dual‐vector biphasic waveform did not differ significantly (P = 0.65).ConclusionsOur early findings support the feasibility of a unique external defibrillation unit using a dual‐vector biphasic waveform approach. This warrants further study to leverage this unique concept and work toward a miniaturized, portable shock delivery system.
Trichodysplasia Spinulosa in a 7‐Year‐Old Boy Managed Using Physical Extraction of Keratin Spicules
Authors: Barton Michael , Lockhart Suing , Sidbury Robert , Wang Richard , Brandling‐Bennett Heather 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTrichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) is an uncommon skin disease characterized by a folliculocentric papular eruption and keratin spine formation, classically appearing on the central face and ears. It occurs in immunosuppressed patients and is linked to a viral etiology. Diagnostic tests including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are available for detection of the TS‐associated polyomavirus. Effective treatment options include topical cidofovir and oral valganciclovir. We present a case diagnosed using PCR with skin scrapings and treated using physical extraction of the keratin spicules. Significant improvement was noted, suggesting a safe, cost‐effective treatment alternative.
Divalent Cations Increase DNA Repair Activities of Bacterial (6‐4) Photolyases
Authors: Ma Hongju , Zhang Fan , Ignatz Elisabeth , Suehnel Martin , Xue Peng , Scheerer Patrick , Essen Lars Oliver , Krauß Norbert , Lamparter Tilman 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe (6‐4) photolyases of the FeS‐BCP group can be considered as the most ancient type among the large family of cryptochrome and photolyase flavoproteins. In contrast to other photolyases, they contain an Fe‐S cluster of unknown function, a DMRL chromophore, an interdomain loop, which could interact with DNA, and a long C‐terminal extension. We compared DNA repair and photoreduction of two members of the FeS‐BCP family, Agrobacterium fabrum PhrB and Rhodobacter sphaeroides RsCryB, with a eukaryotic (6‐4) photolyase from Ostreococcus, OsCPF, and a member of the class III CPD photolyases, PhrA from A. fabrum. We found that the low DNA repair effectivity of FeS‐BCP proteins is largely stimulated by Mg2+ and other divalent cations, whereas no effect of divalent cations was observed in OsCPF and PhrA. The (6‐4) repair activity in the presence of Mg2+ is comparable with the repair activities of the other two photolyases. The photoreduction, on the other hand, is negatively affected by Mg2+ in PhrB, but stimulated by Mg2+ in PhrA. A clear relationship of Mg2+ dependency on DNA repair with the evolutionary position conflicts with Mg2+ dependency of photoreduction. We discuss the Mg2+ effect in the context of structural data and DNA binding.
Performance Policies and Workforce Development: Can the Market Model Be Successfully Implemented in the Public Arena?
Authors: Patrick Barbara 
Published: December 2016

Performance management proposes to use market reforms to enhance public services. However, the ability to accomplish this goal is largely unsubstantiated. In the field of education, Race to the Top and No Child Left Behind aimed to improve education by mandating the development of performance provisions that enhanced workforce quality and provided options for citizens. This research assesses the relationship between legislation and the desired performance outcomes. It reveals that performance policies did not have the desired impact on workforce development reforms or citizens’ use of market mechanisms. Workforce development and market reforms were also limited by environmental variables.Related Articles

Ertas, Nevbahar. 2015. “” Politics and Policy 43 (): 426‐451. Accessed on August 22, 2016. Available online at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12120/abstract

Neill, Katharine, and
John Morris. 2012. “.” Politics and Policy 40 (): 629‐656. Accessed on August 22, 2016. Available online at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00371.x/abstract

Dahill‐Brown, Sara, and
Lesley Lavery. 2012. “.” Politics and Policy 40 (): 557‐592. Accessed on August 22, 2016. Available online at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00368.x/abstract
Related Media
. https://vimeo.com/69353438

. 2012. “Race to the Top Resources.” http://www2.ed.gov/programs/racetothetop/phase1-applications/index.html
Optimal Group Testing Designs for Estimating Prevalence with Uncertain Testing Errors
Authors: Huang Shih-Hao , Huang Mong-Na Lo , Shedden Kerby , Wong Weng Kee 
Published: December 2016

SummaryWe construct optimal designs for group testing experiments where the goal is to estimate the prevalence of a trait by using a test with uncertain sensitivity and specificity. Using optimal design theory for approximate designs, we show that the most efficient design for simultaneously estimating the prevalence, sensitivity and specificity requires three different group sizes with equal frequencies. However, if estimating prevalence as accurately as possible is the only focus, the optimal strategy is to have three group sizes with unequal frequencies. On the basis of a chlamydia study in the USA we compare performances of competing designs and provide insights into how the unknown sensitivity and specificity of the test affect the performance of the prevalence estimator. We demonstrate that the locally D- and D s-optimal designs proposed have high efficiencies even when the prespecified values of the parameters are moderately misspecified.
Sick pay reforms and health status in a unionised labour market
Authors: Goerke Laszlo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe theoretically analyse the effects of sick pay and employees' health on collective bargaining, assuming that individuals determine absence optimally. If sick pay is set by the government and not paid for by firms, it induces the trade union to lower wages. This mitigates the positive impact on absence. Moreover, a union may oppose higher sick pay if it reduces labour supply sufficiently. Better employee health tends to foster wage demands. If the union determines both wages and sick pay, we identify situations in which it will substitute wages for sick pay because adverse absence effects can be mitigated.
PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI AL-GHAZALI DALAM TEORI KEWANGAN
Authors: Mohamed Yusof Mohd Faiz , Borhan Joni Tamkin , Romli Nurhanani 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAl-Ghazali (1055 till 1111) was a leading thinker who has made several idea related to finance, such as evolutionary theory of money, function of money, the prohibition of money hoarding, currency issues and the roles of government in a monetary system. Furthermore, the use of the currency at present often causes a variety of unhealthy economics situation. Thus, this study will describe the comparison between the roles of money in use today and the roles of money raised by al-Ghazali. Althought there was a fairly long period of time, the existence on the role of money is said to have continuity to the opinion of al-Ghazali. The study will analyze the extent to which the role of money raised by al-Ghazali can be applied to further improve the role of money in different economics system and how it is used to solve various economics problems that hit today.AbstrakAl-Ghazali bermula pada 1055 hingga 1111 merupakan seorang tokoh sarjana yang terbilang yang telah mengemukakan beberapa idea berkaitan kewangan seperti teori evolusi wang, fungsi wang, larangan dalam penimbunan wang, masalah mata wang bercampur, dan peranan kerajaan dalam kewangan. Tambahan pula, penggunaan wang pada masa kini sering menimbulkan pelbagai situasi ekonomi yang tidak sihat. Justeru, kajian ini akan menjelaskan perbandingan antara peranan wang yang digunakan pada hari ini dengan peranan wang yang dikemukakan oleh al-Ghazali. Walaupun terdapat perbezaan tempoh masa yang agak lama, namun hasil kewujudan wang pada hari ini dikatakan mempunyai kesimbungan terhadap pandangan al-Ghazali. Kajian ini turut menganalisis sejauh mana peranan wang yang dikemukakan oleh al-Ghazali dapat diaplikasikan untuk menambah baik peranan wang dalam sistem ekonomi dan membantu memberi alternatif penyelesaian permasalahan ekonomi yang berlaku pada masa kini.
Multiple cardiac complications after adjuvant therapy for breast cancer: the importance of echocardiography. A case report and review of the literature.
Authors: Gurghean Adriana Luminita , Savulescu-Fiedler Ilinca , Mihailescu Anca 
Published: December 2016

Cardiovascular complications induced by adjuvant cancer therapies may become symptomatic after many years, being responsible for increased morbidity and mortality in long-term survivors. We report a case of a 54-year old female admitted for severe heart failure induced by myocardial and valvular damage after postoperative adjuvant therapy for left breast cancer 6 years ago. Her recent history revealed nonST elevation myocardial infarction in the absence of significant cardiovascular risk factors. Transthoracic echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging and speckle-tracking imaging revealed severe biventricular systolic dysfunction, severe mitral and tricuspid regurgitation and severe pulmonary hypertension.
Anorectal malformation as a cause of recurring perineal abscesses – value of anorectal endosonography and magnetic resonance imaging: a case report
Authors: Kołodziejczak Małgorzata , Santoro Giulio A , Sobocki Jacek , Szopiński Tomasz , Wiączek Anna , Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona 
Published: December 2016

Malformations of the rectum and urinary tract frequently coexist, and the prevalence of urogenital defects in patients with a rectal defect ranges from 20 to 54%. In most patients, anorectal malformations are diagnosed and treated surgically in early childhood. In this report, we present a case of a 52-year-old male with a history of urological operations in infancy due to a congenital urethral malformation and multiple recurrent episodes of perineal abscesses with urinary retention. Anorectal endosonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of a large cystic lesion adjacent to the rectal wall which became smaller at the level of the puborectalis. The walls of the lesion had a layered structure identical to the wall of the rectum. In addition, the examinations showed hypotrophy of the left lobe of the prostate and lack of left semnal vesicles. Thus, the lesion was diagnosed as duplication of the rectum or rectal diverticulum. Surgery was performed by an interdisciplinary team of colorectal surgeons and urologist. The lesion was removed laparoscopically. The pathological report revealed that the cystic wall was typical of the intestinal wall, consistent with a diagnosis of rectal duplication.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of acute pelvic pain in pregnant and postpartum period
Authors: Park Sung Bin , Han Byoung Hee , Lee Young Ho 
Published: December 2016

Acute pelvic pain in pregnant and postpartum patients presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The interpretation of imaging findings in these patients is influenced by the knowledge of the physiological changes that occur during the pregnant and postpartum period, as well as by the clinical history. Ultrasonography remains the primary imaging investigation of the pregnant and postpartum women. This article describes the causes and imaging features of acute pelvic pain in pregnant and postpartum period and suggests characteristics to such diseases, focusing on the ultrasonography features that allow one to arrive at the corrective diagnosis. Knowledge of the clinical settings and imaging features of acute pelvic pain in pregnant and postpartum period can lead to accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of the condition.
Comparison of the Therapeutic Effects of a Sling Exercise and a Traditional Stabilizing Exercise for Clinical Lumbar Spinal Instability
Authors: Kim Yong Wook , Kim Na Young , Chang Won Hyuk , Lee Sang Chul 
Published: December 2016

Context: Specific muscle-stabilization training can be relevant to patients with clinical spinal instability symptoms. The authors hypothesized that performing sling exercise using an elastic band in patients with clinical spinal instability would lead to pain reduction and improved lumbar spine stability. Objective: To compare supervised sling exercise with an elastic band with traditional stabilizing exercise in chronic lower back pain (LBP) patients with clinical spinal instability. Design: Randomized assessor-blind controlled trial. Setting: University rehabilitation hospital. Main Outcome Measures: The participants were evaluated thrice at baseline, immediately after, and 3 mo after the last treatment session with the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Interventions: Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: a traditional trunk-muscle-stabilizing exercise group or a sling-exercise with elastic bands group. The participants in all treatment groups attended treatment twice a week for 12 wk. Results: The NPRS at immediately and 3 mo after treatments showed significantly higher improvement in the sling-exercise with elastic bands group than in the traditional trunk-muscle-stabilizing exercise group, respectively (P < .05). The ODI at immediately and 3 mo after treatment showed a significantly higher improvement in the sling-exercise with elastic bands group than in the traditional trunk-muscle-stabilizing exercise group, respectively (P < .05). Conclusion: A sling exercise with elastic bands leads to a reduction in pain and disability compared with a traditional stabilizing exercise, although traditional stabilizing exercise also shows good results in chronic LBP patients with clinical spinal instability. A sling exercise with an elastic band could be a useful treatment for chronic LBP with clinical spinal instability.
Evaluating Postural Control and Ankle Laxity Between Taping and High-Top Cleats in High School Football Players
Authors: Pizac Douglas A. , Swanik Charles B. , Glutting Joseph J. , Kaminski Thomas W. 
Published: December 2016

Context: Lateral ankle sprains are the most common injuries in high school sports. While ankle taping is a preferred method of external prophylactic support, its restrictive properties decline during exercise. The Under Armour® Highlight cleat is marketed on the premise that it provides added support without the need for additional ankle taping. Objective: To determine if differences in ankle joint laxity and postural control exist between football players wearing the Under Armour® Highlight cleat (Under Armour Inc, Baltimore, MD) as compared to a low/mid-top cleat with ankle tape. Design: Crossover trial. Setting: Athletic training room and football practice field sideline. Patients: 32 interscholastic football players (15.8 ± 1.0 y; 178.9 ± 7.4 cm; 87.1 ± 21.4 kg). Interventions: Ankle laxity was assessed using an instrumented ankle arthrometer (Blue Bay Research Inc, Milton, FL), while postural control testing was performed on the Tekscan MobileMat™ Balanced Error Scoring System (BESS; South Boston, MA). The 2 treatments included Under Armour® Highlight cleats and a low/mid-top cleat with ankle tape applied to the nondominant ankle only. Measurements were taken before and immediately after practice. Main Outcome Measures: The independent variable was treatment (Highlight vs low/mid-top cleat with ankle tape). Dependent variables included ankle arthrometry measures of anterior displacement (mm), inversion/eversion rotation (deg), and the modified BESS error scores. A linear mixed-effects model was used for analysis. Results: The low/mid-top cleat with tape condition had significantly higher inversion range-of-motion (ROM) and inversion/eversion rotation postexercise when compared to the Highlight cleat (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study provide some evidence that the Under Armour® Highlight cleat restricts ankle ROM following a training session better than the taped low/mid-top cleat. Further study is warranted to determine if this high-top style of football cleat can reduce the incidence of ankle sprains and how it might compare to spat taping.