bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticles as Foam Stabilizer for Steam-Foam Process
Authors: Khajehpour Maryam , Etminan S. Reza , Goldman Jon , Wassmuth Fred 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Steam foams have been considered as effective additives for unconventional oil recovery processes. Conventionally for steam-foam applications, chemical additives are injected with steam. However, this operation has serious drawbacks owing to poor thermal stability of additives and high volume of additives loss, due to adsorption to rocks surface. To overcome these limitations, nanoparticles can be used as novel additives to improve generation and stabilization of the foams for steam-foam applications.
In this study, silica nanoparticles in synergy with surfactants have been used as steam additives. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), foam height test using N2 at reservoir conditions, and thermal stability analysis were designed to measure nanoparticles size distribution in brine, foam-ability and thermal stability of the additive solutions, respectively. Subsequently, core-flooding tests were performed to evaluate the synergistic effect of nanoparticles and surfactants on the foam quality and oil recovery. We observe an optimum ratio of nanoparticle and surfactant that yields the best foam generation performance (maximum foam height). Herein, surface treated silica nanoparticles have been tested with two of our candidate surfactants. The nanoparticles alone generate small amount of foam, while each surfactant generates a small to moderate amount of foam. Synergy is demonstrated by the system which contains 0.1 wt% nanoparticles (the optmum concentration) and 0.5 wt% of surfactant solution at neutral pH (~7), as it leads to about 67% and 50% greater foam height respectively for Surfactants A and B than observed in tests with surfactants only. Core-floods with co-injected steam and water containing nanoparticles and surfactant confirm the synergy, exhibiting significant improvement in mobility factor reduction (MRF) and steam control, compared to co-injection of steam and water containing only surfactant.
Design of CO2 Injection Pilot in Offshore Middle East Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Draoui Elyes , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection is considered to be a viable option for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and has already been implemented commercially for more than 40 years. However, the applications are limited to onshore and offshore application for EOR activities have not yet been implemented. This paper presents the subsurface evaluation using laboratory experiments (PVT and corefloods) and compositional modeling, the design and surveillance program of a CO2 pilot project planned in a carbonate reservoir located offshore Abu Dhabi.
PVT and coreflood experiments demonstrate the local displacement efficiency of CO2 in tertiary mode due to gas-oil miscibility, swelling of oil and reduction in oil viscosity. The screening study performed using a tuned equation of state (EOS) predicts significant additional recovery in a previously waterflooded area. A pilot is planned in one of the reservoirs of the field, which has 40 years of peripheral seawater injection history. The pilot design is influenced by existing peripheral pressure gradient, and is located down-dip in the field that covers approximately 80 acres. The pilot location is selected based on geology, reservoir quality, maturity to waterflood and surface facility constraints. A comprehensive reservoir surveillance plan, including one to two observers well, is developed to monitor pilot performance. The planned pilot will reduce uncertainties and risk associated with CO2 injection and address bottleneck uncertainties in an offshore environment before large-scale application.
The first offshore CO2 injection pilot is designed for implementation in a tertiary mode in a giant carbonate field, which is still under secondary recovery production, to minimize interaction with current production and impact on surface facility. The paper also presents the possible mitigation for various challenges identified like asphaltene, scaling, corrosion, impact on existing carbon steel well completion, etc. associated with CO2 injection.
The methodology and technical analysis used to evaluate and design the CO2 pilot are applicable to other potential fields in the region.
Effect of Steam Injection Interruption on SAGD Performance
Authors: Ali S. M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is a complex process governed strongly by geology and steam injection conditions, among other parameters under normal circumstances. At times it may become necessary to shut down a project temporarily for a variety of reasons, e.g. low bitumen price, high fuel cost, etc. Later, when steam injection is re-started, the performance may be considerably inferior to that for continuous operation. It is the intent of this work to examine the effect of steam stoppage for a certain period on SAGD performance, for a selected set of conditions. Also presented is an analytical approach.
Two different geological models were employed in SAGD simulations - one was that of an actual reservoir, the other one consisted of a homogeneous reservoir. Steam injection conditions were similar for the two cases. The principal variables were steam injection time, the point of shut-off and the time of shut-off, and the steam injection rate. The simulator utilized a thermal compositional approach, treating the fluids as a three-component system.
It was found that for a given steam injection time, the stoppage time (after which steam injection is restarted) lowered SAGD performance, as measured by oil recovery and steam-oil ratio, for the same volume of steam injected. The performance was lowered to a greater degree in the case if a real reservoir than for the homogeneous case. Steam injection rate reduction further adversely impacted performance. Another variable is the point of steam injection stoppage. An analytical model was developed to examine steam condensation during the shut-off period.
The results of this work provide insight into the complex behaviour of SAGD when the process is interrupted. It provides guidelines on the interruption point and the length of interruption for minimizing the adverse effects on performance.
Experimental and Theoretical Study on Corrosion Inhibition of Mild steel in 20 % Formic Acid Solution Using Schiff Base-Based Cationic Gemini Surfactant
Authors: Mobin Mohammad , Masroor Sheerin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe paper investigates the adsorption and corrosion inhibition behavior of Schiff base-based cationic gemini surfactant bis-[p-(N,N,N-dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) benzylidene]thiourea, designated as (12-S-12) on mild steel in 20 % formic acid solution in the temperature range of 30 – 60 °C. The synthesized inhibitor was characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The adsorption and corrosion inhibition mechanism of the inhibitor was elaborated using weight loss measurements, solvent analysis of iron ions, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance measurements, measurement of thermodynamic/kinetic parameters and quantum chemical calculations. The surface morphology of the corroded mild steel specimen was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The inhibition efficiency of the compound was found to vary with the inhibitor concentration and temperature. The inhibitor was found to be a mixed type inhibitor. Adsorption process on mild steel surface followed Langmuir's model adsorption isotherm.
Dipeptide Glycyl-Glycine (Gly-Gly)–Ninhydrin Reaction: Effect of Alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide) (16-s-16, s = 4, 5, 6) Gemini Surfactants on the Reaction Rate
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Neo Kian-Eang , Rub Malik Abdul 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe present work concerns with the effect of alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide) gemini surfactants on the reaction rate of ninhydrin with glycyl-glycine. The spectra showed peaks at 400 nm and 570 nm in aqueous and aqueous–micellar media indicating the formation of the same product. Under pseudo-first-order conditions of excess ninhydrin, the reaction followed an irreversible first- and fractional-order kinetics with respect to [Gly-Gly] and [ninhydrin]. Also, the rate constants (kψ) increases and leveling-off regions are found with [geminis] (akin to conventional cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB), a third-region of increasing kψ is observed at higher [geminis]. The kinetic data in gemini micellar medium have been examined with the pseudo-phase model.
Steady state and transient analyses of MNSR reactor using RELAP5 code
Authors: Zarifi E. , Tashakor S. , Khorsandi J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Developing a reliable thermal-hydraulic model of a nuclear reactor is an essential process in the steady state and transient analyses. This paper provides the results of best estimate calculation carried out with reference to Iranian Miniature Neutron Source Reactor (MNSR) using the RELAP5 code. Applying the qualified nodalization and the cross-flow effects are some of the advantages in the present model. Here, various transients including step and ramp reactivity insertions were inspected for safety analysis. The obtained results from the code showed a reasonable agreement with the MNSR Safety Analysis Report (SAR) and existing experimental and reference data.
Calculation of PDS-XADS core closed-loop transfer function by using feedback with the lumped-model
Authors: Moghassem A. , Pazirandeh A. , Abbaspour A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this paper, the PDS-XADS LBE-cooled core open-loop transfer function was calculated by considering the source importance in point-kinetic equations. For this purpose, the overall-feedback transfer function was calculated considering the lumped-model for 14-steps of subcritical levels. Following effects were considered in three steps: 1. Doppler broadening, fuel expansion, coolant density and structure expansion, 2. Delayed-reactivity and void-worth inserted to prior step, 3. Severe-accident condition, inserted to prior steps. The linear stability analysis was modeled by using the Bode diagrams, Nyquist stability criterion and Nichols chart in MATLAB for each subcritical level and six groups of delayed neutrons. For optimized subcritical level determination, a conservative severe accident was considered. According to calculation results and analysis, the PDS-XADS core is stable and in optimized subcritical level, has the higher safety margin. The results are in good agreement with SIMMER-III code and main neutronic results. The optimized subcritical level by using the lumped-model is 0.97687.
Validation of RELAP5 model of experimental test rig simulating the natural convection in MTR research reactors
Authors: Khedr A. , Abdel-Latif S. H. , Abdel-Hadi E. A. , D’Auria F. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In an attempt to understand the built-up of natural circulation in MTR pool type upward flow research reactors after loss of power, an experimental test rig was built to simulate the loop of natural circulation in MTR reactors. The test rig consisting of two vertically oriented branches, in one of them the core is simulated by two rectangular, electrically heated, parallel channels. The other branch simulates the part of the return pipe that participates in the development of core natural circulation. In the first phase of the work, many experimental runs at different conditions of channel's power and branch's initial temperatures are performed. The channel's coolant and surface temperatures were measured. The measurements and their interpretation were published by the first three authors. In the present work the thermal hydraulic behavior of the test rig is complemented by theoretical analysis using RELAP5 Mod 3.3 system code. The analysis consisting of two parts; in the first part RELAP5 model is validated against the measured values and in the second part some of the other not measured hydraulic parameters are predicted and analyzed. The test rig is typically nodalized and an input dick is prepared. In spite of the low pressure of the test rig, the results show that RELAP5 qualitatively predicts the thermal hydraulic behaviour and the accompanied phenomenon of flow inversion of such facilities. Quantitatively, there is a difference between the predicted and measured values especially the channel's surface temperature. This difference may be return to the uncertainties in initial conditions of experimental runs, the position of the thermocouples which buried inside the heat structure, and the heat transfer package in RELAP5.
Assessment of pin-by-pin fission rate distribution within MOX/UO2 fuel assembly using MCNPX code
Authors: Louis H. K. , Amin E. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to assess the calculations of pin-by-pin group integrated fission rates within MOX/UO2 Fuel assemblies using the Monte Carlo code MCNPX2.7c with two sets of the available latest nuclear data libraries used for calculating MOX-fueled systems. The data that are used in this paper are based on the benchmark by the NEA Nuclear Science Committee (NSC). The k
∞
and absorption/fission reaction rates per isotope, keff and pin-by-pin group integrated fission rates on 1/8 fraction of the geometry are determined. To assess the overall pin-by-pin fission rate distribution, the collective per cent error measures were investigated. The results of AVG, MRE and RMS error measures were less than 1 % error. The present results are compared with other participants using other Monte Carlo codes and with CEA results that were taken in the benchmark as reference. The results with ENDF/B-VI.6 are close to the results received by MVP (JENDL3.2) and SCALE 4.2 (JEF2.2). The results with ENDF/BVII.1 give higher values of k∞ reflecting the changes in the newer evaluations. In almost all results presented here, the MCNP calculated results with ENDF/B VII.1 should be considered more than those obtained by using other Monte Carlo codes and nuclear data libraries. The present calculations may be consider a reference for evaluating the numerical schemes in production code systems, as well as the global performance including cross-section data reduction methods as the calculations used continuous energy and no geometrical approximations.
Calculation of nuclear reactivity using the generalised Adams-Bashforth-Moulton predictor corrector method
Authors: Suescún-Díaz D. , Narváez-Paredes M. , Lozano-Parada J. H. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this paper, the generalisation of the 4th-order Adams-Bashforth-Moulton predictor-corrector method is proposed to numerically solve the point kinetic equations of the nuclear reactivity calculations without using the nuclear power history. Due to the nature of the point kinetic equations, different predictor modifiers are used in order improve the precision of the approximations obtained. The results obtained with the prediction formulas and generalised corrections improve the precision when compared with previous methods and are valid for various forms of nuclear power and different time steps.
A methodology for in-situ micro-compression testing of fiber composites
Authors: Lu Y. Charles , Tandon Gyaneshwar P. , Wheeler Robert 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A methodology for in-situ micro-compression testing of fiber composites has been developed. The tests were performed on carbon fiber reinforced bismaleimide matrix unidirectional composite, IM7/BMI 5250-4. Micro-size specimens were prepared from the bulk composite plaque through a two-step micro-fabrication process and then tested by using a micro-mechanical testing device placed inside the scanning electron microscope chamber. Results show that the fundamental properties (modulus and strength) of the fiber composites obtained from micro-size specimens are consistent with the theoretical estimations and significantly higher than those from macro-size specimens, which may have revealed the presence of size-scale effects in composite materials. The in-situ testing shows that the overall failure mode of the present composite is caused by “micro-buckling” of fibers in shear-mode. High shear strains are seen to occur at the fiber–matrix interfaces, which lead to the micro-cracking and ultimate failure of the composite.
Relaxation and diffusion barriers at step edges of Cu, Ag and Au homo- and heterogeneous systems: Case of (100) facet
Authors: Benlattar Mourad , Elkoraychy Elyakout , Sbiaai Khalid , Mazroui M'hammed , Boughaleb Yahia , Gounaya Hicham 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulations based on the embedded atom method, we present the calculations of adsorption and activation energies for the diffusion of adatoms (Cu, Ag or Au) on Cu (100), Ag (100) or Au (100) surfaces with steps. We have also examined the relaxation trends and bond lengths of the adatoms for both fourfold and bridge sites. We note that the vertical distance of the adatom relaxation to the first nearest neighbors is the largest (1.56 %) for Ag on Cu (100) and the shortest (–14.58 %) for Cu on Au (100) as compared to other systems. On the other hand, for Cu on the Au (100) system, we find the adatom barrier for hopping along the step edges to be 0.44 eV, which is the highest for this process among the systems studied here, but the lowest barrier is found for Ag on Cu (100) compared to other systems and costs only 0.20 eV. Attention has also been focused on the evaluations of the adsorption and activation energies for the nine systems in the presence of step edges. The diffusion barriers over and along step edges are interpreted in terms of the cohesive energies of the adatoms and substrates. Moreover, these results can offer some basic rules for forecasting precise atomic surface morphologies in homo- and hetero-epitaxial growth.
Dry wear behavior of cooling-slope-cast hypoeutectic aluminum alloy
Authors: Van Thuong Nguyen , Zuhailawati Hussain , Anasyida Abu Seman , Huy Tran Duc , Dhindaw Brij Kumar 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of use of a cooling slope on the microstructure, hardness and wear behavior of Al-7Si-Mg alloy. The Al-7Si-Mg alloy was cast with and without a cooling slope at a pouring temperature of 640 °C. Examination with optical and electron microscopes showed that the microstructure of cast samples using the cooling slope comprised fine and globular primary α-Al phase with homogeneous distribution of eutectic phase, while conventionally cast samples featured coarse and dendritic primary α-Al phase. The wear resistance of the cast sample was significantly better with cooling slope casting. The wear mechanism was found to be a combination of adhesion, delamination, oxidation and abrasive wear for both cooling slope- and conventionally cast samples. The wear mechanisms of cast samples both with and without cooling slope are similar and follow Archard's law. The cooling slope-cast samples with fine and globular α-Al phase, high hardness and low specific wear rate (K′) showed the highest wear resistance of 10.08 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1.
Les députés du Nord au début de la Troisième République (1871-1885)
Authors: Przybyla Francis 
Published: March 2016

Francis przybyla, De afgevaardigden van het Noorden in het begin van de Derde Republiek (1871-1885).
In dit artikel is de vraag of de afgevaardigden van het Noorden een eigen profiel hadden meegekregen en of dat veranderde.
Na een lang en nauwkeurig bronnenonderzoek kan de auteur op drie punten nieuwe informatie brengen. In de eerste plaats op het gebied van de sociale, familiale en culturele achtergrond van de afgevaardigde. Daarna tijdens zijn leven, van zijn huwelijk tot zijn dood, via zijn sociale positie en zijn fortuin. Tenslotte volgt men de individuele politieke loopbaan, met aandacht voor de wetgevende aktiviteit.
Les entrées inaugurales des princes dans les villes. Usage et signification. L'exemple des trois comtés de Hainaut, Hollande et Zélande entre 1417 et 1433.
Authors: Populer Michèle 
Published: March 2016

The Princes' Inaugural Entries in Cities. Customs and their significance. The example of the three Counties of Hainaut, Holland and Zealand between 1417 and 1433.
The analysis of the many cycles of inaugural entries which followed one another in the cities of Hainaut, Holland and Zealand between the death of Count William and the accession of Duke Philippe le Bon led us to these conclusions :
1° the fact that the many pretenders to the Counties' triple crown systematically resort to this ritual, sometimes prompted by the towns or the States, demonstrates that all the parties, whether governed or governing, agree to impart this practise the power to ascertain a disputed authority and even to reinforce its legitimacy ;
2° the multiplicity of the cycles of entries and the frequent changes of commitment of the urban communities are themselves evidence of the limits in the efficiency of this ritual : the ties it establishes won't, most of the times, survive long to an alteration in the balance of powers to the detriment of the previously recognized prince.
Les donnés à Lille au Moyen Age. Une forme de vie religieuse laïque.
Authors: De Miramon Charles 
Published: March 2016

De schenkers in Rijsel in de middeleeuwen. Een vorm van wereldlijk religious leven.
Men treft in de middeleeuwse Rijselse hospitalen burgers aan die in rull voor de schenking van een goed levenslang onderdak en verzorging kregen. In de middeleeuwse teksten worden zij schenkers genoemd en zij vormen blijkbaar een semireligieuze groep aan de rand van het hospitaal. In deze studie worden een aantal gegevens over de schenkers verzameld om een portret van deze instelling te maken, van haar ontstaan in de xme eeuw tot de ondergang in de XVe eeuw. In bijlage worden zes onuitgegeven dokumenten gepublieeerd.
Usages judiciaires à Aire-sur-la-Lys sous l'Ancien Régime.
Authors: Renaut Marie-Hélène 
Published: March 2016

Judicial Customs in Aire-sur-la-Lys in the Ancien Régime.
The City of Aire-sur-la-Lys, situated in the north of the Artois, has been, as early as the XIIIth century, a borough administered by a "maieur" and a "collège d'échevins". The major privilege enjoyed by the city is that of the administration of justice.
The texts of the customs, edited in 1509 and reformed in 1739, are exemplary of its style. The "échevinage" or Aire Magistrate is an "attribution" jurisdiction that deals with real, personal or criminal "matter", and rules over everybody and every property in the town and borough.
In real matter, the procedure is characterized by the solemnity and the number of the adjournments, the multiplicity of the delays before the trial. Accusatory, contradictory, oral, the hearings can be completed by a written procedure.
The personal cases (debts) are dealt with through a faster procedure in which one can identify our current procedure of the decisory oath.
The criminal procedure only considers banishment and the procedure by default.
In all cases, appeal is allowed. In common law cases, it is taken to the Aire bailiwick and beyond to the Artois Council ; in criminal cases, it is directly brought to the Artois Council.
During the XVIIIth century, the Aire-sur-la-Lys "échevinage" models its style on the French reference : the common law order of 1667 and the criminal order of 1670.