bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoration Effects on a Native Cutthroat Trout Stream
Authors: Hodge Brian W. , Henderson Richard , Brehme Christopher E. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTRestoration practitioners spend more than $1 billion each year restoring US rivers and streams but commit comparatively few resources to evaluating project effectiveness. Meanwhile, monitoring and disseminating the outcomes of restoration projects remains our best opportunity to learn from past successes and failures and to, ultimately, improve the cost effectiveness of restoration. We monitored the physical and biological outcomes of a stream restoration project in the Rocky Mountains, the goals of which were to improve habitat for and productivity of native Colorado River Cutthroat Trout (CRCT) and the scope of which included three contiguous reaches under different restoration treatments. Moreover, we evaluated the efficacy of the restoration project relative to its stated goals and objectives. To test for restoration effects on physical and biological indicators we coupled a before‐after, control‐impact (BACI) study design with (generalized) linear mixed models. Over the course of 7 years, we detected restoration‐related increases in floodplain connectivity, streambank stability, and riparian shrub cover, as well as decreases in summer stream temperature. Despite measuring improvements in native trout habitat, we were unable to draw definitive conclusions regarding restoration effects on native trout abundance because of the unforeseen removal of some CRCT from the study area during the study period. Although our study was somewhat limited in scope, our findings contribute toward a relatively small body of work on monitoring and effectiveness of river restoration.[Correction added on 31 January 2025, after first online publication: The Abstract has been amended in this version.]
Dysphagia, dyspnoea, dizziness, and ‘inverted D’: Abnormal LV eccentricity secondary to extrinsic compression by oesophageal achalasia
Authors: Veeraraghavan Sriram , Kidambi Bharath Raj , Balakrishnan Karthikeyan , Selvaraj Vivek 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExtrinsic compression of the left atrium (LA) due to oesophageal achalasia though uncommon has been reported in literature. This case report describes a middle‐aged man who presented with sudden onset dyspnoea and atrial fibrillation, but was later diagnosed to have achalasia cardia and megaoesophagus, resulting in extrinsic compression of the LA as well as posterobasal wall of the left ventricle (LV). The patient's early complaints of dysphagia and weight loss prompted a thorough study, with echocardiography helping to identify extrinsic compression of heart chambers caused by the dilated oesophagus. The left ventricular eccentricity index was increased secondary to compression by volume‐loaded megaoesophagus, which was one of the most notable findings. Through this case, we describe probably the first case of LV compression by achalasia cardia, in addition to LA and we want to highlight the fact that D‐shaped LV can also occur secondary to extrinsic etiologies particularly compression from posterior mediastinal structures.
Climate winners: Adapting to shifting species in the New England supply chain
Authors: Roberts Nicky , Walton Eric , Masury Kate 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Climate change is driving shifts in marine species' distributions, affecting resource availability for fishery supply chains worldwide. While research and governance have been in step with fishing impacts, consequences to the downstream supply chain are not generally considered. In this project, we identify how and to what extent New England seafood supply chains are capable of navigating anticipated shifts in species distributions. The study was especially concerned with the degree to which suppliers would consider incorporating "climate winners": species that are predicted to become more abundant in New England waters.

Methods
Using indicators derived from climate resilience and adaptive fisheries frameworks, we characterized supply chain adaptability for 27 seafood businesses across New England.

Result
The results revealed a range of adaptability linked to particular supplier characteristics, including diversity of services, processing infrastructure, and market diversity. External factors such as consumer preference, regulatory policy, and employment in the industry also indicated climate vulnerabilities. Despite these limiting factors, however, most businesses appeared to be not only capable but also willing to incorporate climate winner species into their portfolio.

Conclusion
Our conclusions support the idea that New England seafood suppliers adopt different strategies for climate resilience based on their business model, with considerable potential to take advantage of species shifts given the right incentives. To reduce vulnerabilities in the face of unprecedented change, it is critical that managing practitioners and partnering organizations encourage portfolio diversification with market incentives and adaptive management measures.
Non-Conviction Based Asset Recovery in Nigeria: An Additional Tool for Law Enforcement Agencies?
Authors: Sproat Peter , Ward Tony , Harvey Jackie , Turner Sue , Shehu Abdullahi , Bello Abdullahi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWithin Nigeria, anti-money laundering and asset recovery powers lie primarily with agencies established under the Corrupt Practices and Related Offences Act 2000, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission Act 2004 and the Advance Fee Fraud and Other Fraud Related Offences Act 2006. International efforts to recover assets associated with serious and organised crime emanating from Nigeria frequently focus on the proceeds of corruption. Despite the powers of Nigerian authorities and extensive international efforts, relatively few cases of grand corruption are prosecuted successfully, and the value of the assets recovered from financially-motivated criminals are very low in comparison to the value of the proceeds they are said to generate. Kleptocrats and other Politically Exposed Persons have been able to exploit legal loopholes in the criminal courts to avoid or delay conviction, enabling them to conceal massive amounts of stolen wealth in offshore financial centres around the world. The aim of this contribution is to focus on non-conviction based asset recovery and its availability to the Nigerian authorities in their efforts to combat financial crime. Despite extensive debate over the existence of non-conviction based asset recovery-related legislation, we demonstrate such provisions are available, however, we also show that there are many barriers to their effective implementation which may obscure their usefulness.
Terror on the Blockchain: The Emergent Crypto-Crime-Terror Nexus
Authors: Burgess Ariel , Hamilton Rhianna , Leuprecht Christian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInadequate oversight and an inchoate appreciation are giving terrorist groups ready access to transboundary financial transfers by means of virtual currency. This chapter counters the prevailing approach that treats cryptocurrency-enabled crimes, such as terrorism, as monolithic. This chapter demonstrates that terrorist groups are using cryptocurrency and decentralized finance to fundraise and transfer funds in conjunction with the traditional financial system. Since actual case studies are few and data limited, this chapter is a proof of concept: it compares terrorist financing schemes by the Al-Qassam Brigades and Al Qaeda that used virtual assets. The comparison of virtual assets being used finds that standards developed and recommended by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) are wholly inadequate to contain the proliferation of decentralized finance technology and centralized virtual assets as drivers of the global Illicit International Political Economy (IIPE). FATF recommendations are not sufficiently nuanced, nor are they effective at detecting, disrupting and deterring he nexus of crypto, crime and terror. To make matters worse, FATF members are falling short on implementing even FATF’s inadequate standards. The chapter concludes that FATF needs to: clarify inclusion criteria under the current definition of virtual assets; broaden regulations, improve interagency collaboration, and formulate more nuanced recommendations that are sensitive to crypto-enabled crimes across different criminal activities and criminogenic factors.
Automated Repair of Information Flow Security in Android Implicit Inter-App Communication
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek , Prakash Jyoti , Dong Zhen , Furia Carlo A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAndroid’s intents provide a form of inter-app communication with implicit, capability-based matching of senders and receivers. Such kind of implicit addressing provides some much-needed flexibility but also increases the risk of introducing information flow security bugs and vulnerabilities—as there is no standard way to specify what permissions are required to access the data sent through intents, so that it is handled properly.To mitigate such risks of intent-based communication, this paper introduces IntentRepair, an automated technique to detect such information flow security leaks and to automatically repair them. IntentRepair first finds sender and receiver modules that may communicate via intents, and such that the sender sends sensitive information that the receiver forwards to a public channel. To prevent this flow, IntentRepair patches the sender so that it also includes information about the permissions needed to access the data; and the receiver so that it will only disclose the sensitive information if it possesses the required permissions.We evaluated a prototype implementation of IntentRepair on 869 Android open-source apps, showing that it is effective in automatically detecting and repairing information flow security bugs that originate in implicit intent-based communication, introducing only a modest overhead in terms of patch size.
Epidemiology and phenomenology of the Charles Bonnet syndrome in low-vision patients
Authors: Christoph Sophia E. G. , Boden Karl T. , Pütz Annette , Januschowski Kai , Siegel Rudolf , Seitz Berthold , Szurman Peter , Schulz André 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The occurrence of visual hallucinations in visually impaired people without mental impairment is known as Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS). To date, the prevalence of CBS has been reported with high variance. The present study aims at evaluating the prevalence of CBS among low-vision patients.

Methods
From March 2018 to February 2022, 194 patients with a visual acuity ≥ 0.5 logMAR approached the low vision section of the Eye Clinic Sulzbach. Of these, 50 patients were found eligible, agreed to participate in the study and were screened for CBS. The course of the disease, its phenomenology and characteristics, the circumstance of onset, the ability to manipulate and resolve the hallucinations, and the psychosocial aspects of CBS were investigated.

Results
26% of patients with low vision suffered from CBS. Women did not suffer from CBS significantly more often than men. Often, insight into the unreality of the images is not achieved immediately. Patterns or so-called “simple” hallucinations occurred just as frequently as other types of images such as people, body parts or faces. The most frequent images were animals. Visual hallucinations, lasting only for seconds in most cases, occurred more frequently during the day and in bright surroundings. All patients experienced the hallucinations exclusively with their eyes open. The hallucinations generally did not move with the eyes. Many sufferers did neither communicate about their hallucinations nor consult any physician.

Conclusions
CBS among low-vision patients is common. Its prevalence constitutes clinical relevance. Future management of CBS may benefit from encouraging patients to share their experiences and consult a physician.
The severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children during the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide study of 11,915 cases in Germany
Authors: Maslowski Sarah , Hohenstein Sven , Bollmann Andreas , Karagiannidis Christian , Papan Cihan , Thal Serge C. , Wirth Stefan , Tenenbaum Tobias , Aydin Malik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of childhood hospitalization. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the usual seasonal pattern of RSV, resulting in high activity during the off-season. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the pandemic on the severity of RSV infections.

Methods
Data from 11,915 children hospitalized due to RSV infection between 2016 and 2022 were analyzed. The hospitalized patients were categorized into two groups, from January 2016 to February 2020 (PreCoV19 group) and from March 2020 to December 2022 (CoV19 group). The hospitalization duration, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, length of stay at ICU, mechanical ventilation requirement and duration, Elixhauser comorbidity index scores, and in-hospital mortality were analyzed.

Results
Children in the PreCoV19 group had a mean age of 0.4 ± 0.7, whereas those in the CoV19 group had a mean age of 0.6 ± 1.0 years. Children during the pandemic had significantly shorter hospital stays (4.3 ± 2.6 days) compared to children of the pre-pandemic period (4.9 ± 3.3 days). Although ICU admission rates did not change, the duration of ICU stays decreased in the CoV19 group. Moreover, the in-hospital mortality did not differ between the groups. A multivariable analysis showed that younger age, regardless of the pandemic period, was associated with prolonged hospital stays, higher ICU admission rates, and an increased requirement for mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight significant changes of the clinical characteristics of RSV infections during the pandemic, with implications for clinical management and public health strategies.
Evaluation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal swab screening at a large comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Herrington Mark J. , Feng Chun , Hwang Hyunsoo , Vuong Nancy N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study is to determine the predictive values of MRSA swab screenings in patients with cancer.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort observational study of adult patients admitted to The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between January 2019 and October 2022. Data collected from patients with documented MRSA nasal swab screenings and clinical cultures taken within 7 days were collected. The first documented MRSA swab screening and culture results from unique patients were included for analysis to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and NPV.

Results:
A total of 6475 patients with MRSA nasal swab cultures had 13129 clinical cultures from different anatomical sites. Of the patients included, 57% had a solid tumor and 37% had a hematological malignancy, with 82% of patients receiving an anti-MRSA antibiotic prior to MRSA nasal swab. There were 167 documented positive MRSA cultures, most commonly from a wound (41.3%) or respiratory source (24%). Overall sensitivity and specificity for all culture sites were 50.9% and 98.4%, respectively, with an overall NPV of 99.4%. The NPV was 99.8% for bloodstream infections, 98.5% for respiratory infections, 92.6% for wound infections, and greater than 99% for other culture sites.

Conclusion:
The specificity and negative predictive value of MRSA swab screenings in patients with cancer was high overall and consistent with the literature in immunocompetent patients. These results may aid in antimicrobial stewardship activities that can help guide the discontinuation of empiric antibiotics in patients with cancer.
Effects of occurrence form of soil organic matter on the Atterberg limits and thermal conductivity of clays
Authors: Gui Yue , Sang Qingkun , Yin Jie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Because of the interfacial interactions between mineral soil particles and soil organic matter (SOM), SOM occurs in various forms in the soil, and the mineral-associated and particulate forms are fundamental. Many recent studies have concentrated on the effects of SOM content and type on the geotechnical behavior of soil. However, the influence of SOM occurrence forms is not well understood, nor is there a scientific classification standard for SOM in geotechnical engineering. The main objectives of this study were to explore the effects of SOM occurrence forms on a few physical properties of clays to develop an engineering classification standard of SOM. First, this paper reviews the interfacial interaction mechanism, factors that influence the relation between mineral soil particles and SOM, and the classification method of SOM in soil science. Three predominant clays (montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite) were then used as the matrix, and three groups of artificial soil samples with different SOM contents (wu ranging from 0 to 50% by weight) were prepared by adding peat. A chemical extraction method was used to determine the amount of different forms of SOM. Moreover, the Atterberg limits wL (wp) and thermal conductivity λ of artificial soil samples were tested. Based on the experimental results, the relationship between the form of SOM and these physical parameters was established. The experimental results show that the wL (wp) vs wu, and λ vs wu fitted curves were not monotonic but piecewise linear and could be divided into two straight lines with different slopes; wu corresponded to the inflection point of wL (wp) vs wu, and λ vs wu curves were closer to the threshold value wu,2. Finally, a simple engineering classification method of SOM is proposed.
Parameterization of Wave‐Induced Stress in Large‐Eddy Simulations of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Ning Xu , Paskyabi Mostafa Bakhoday 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLarge‐eddy simulations (LES) of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) commonly utilize roughness length to parameterize wave effects on the sea surface. However, this method might not adequately capture the intricacies of wind‐wave interactions, especially in swell‐dominated conditions. In this study, we integrated a wave‐induced stress parameterization method into the open‐source LES code, PArallel Large‐eddy simulation Model (PALM), and assessed its performance under low wind conditions with varying wave ages and directions. Our method treats windsea effects as surface friction while employing an exponentially decaying profile to represent swell‐induced stress. We examined the model's sensitivity to wind and wave parameters and calibrated the wave damping rate values across various scenarios, leveraging data from wave‐phase‐resolved simulations and field measurements. The enhanced LES model with the proposed wave parameterization effectively reproduces wave‐influenced wind characteristics such as upward momentum flux, low‐level wind maximum, and negative wind gradients, showing good agreement with previous numerical and observational data. Moreover, our model accounts for wind‐wave misalignment scenarios by calculating each directional and spectral wave stress component individually and integrating them over the wave spectrum. We found that the swell‐induced stress is the dominant force in the wave boundary layer (WBL) with low wind speed, with its magnitude significantly varying with the wave direction relative to the wind. This variation influences the dynamic equilibrium within the WBL, modifying both wind shear and wind veer, and these effects persist up to the top of the boundary layer flow.
Inferring the Speed of Sound and Wind in the Nighttime Martian Boundary Layer From Impact‐Generated Infrasound
Authors: Froment Marouchka , Xu Zongbo , Lognonné Philippe H. , Larmat Carène , Garcia Raphael F. , Drilleau Mélanie , Delbridge Brent G. , Spiga Aymeric , Kawamura Taichi , Beucler Éric 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe properties of the first kilometers of the Martian atmospheric Planetary Boundary Layer have until now been measured by only a few instruments and probes. InSight offers an opportunity to investigate this region through seismoacoustics. On six occasions, its seismometers recorded short low‐frequency waveforms, with clear dispersion between 0.4 and 4 Hz. These signals are the air‐to‐ground coupling of impact‐generated infrasound, which propagated in an low‐altitude atmospheric waveguide. Their group velocity depends on the structure of effective sound speed in the boundary layer. Here, we conduct a Bayesian inversion of effective sound speed up to 2,000 m altitude using the group velocity measured for events S0981c, S0986c and S1034a. The inverted effective sound speed profiles are in good agreement with estimates provided by the Mars Climate Database. Differences between inverted and modeled profiles can be attributed to a local wind variation in the impact→station direction, of amplitude smaller than 2 m/s.
Consistent Seasonal Hydrography From Moorings at Northwest Greenland Glacier Fronts
Authors: Zahn Marie J. , Laidre Kristin L. , Simon Malene , Stafford Kathleen M. , Wood Michael , Willis Josh K. , Phillips Elizabeth M. , Fenty Ian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGreenland's marine‐terminating glaciers connect the ice sheet to the ocean and provide a critical boundary where heat, freshwater, and nutrient exchanges take place. Buoyant freshwater runoff from inland ice sheet melt is discharged at the base of marine‐terminating glaciers, forming vigorous upwelling plumes. It is understood that subglacial plumes modify waters near glacier fronts and increase submarine glacier melt by entraining warm ambient waters at depth. However, ocean observations along Greenland's coastal margins remain biased toward summer months which limits accurate estimation of ocean forcing on glacier retreat and acceleration. Here, we fill a key observational gap in northwest Greenland by describing seasonal hydrographic variation at glacier fronts in Melville Bay using in situ observations from moorings deployed year‐round, CTDs, and profiling floats. We evaluated local and remote forcing using remote sensing and reanalysis data products alongside a high‐resolution ocean model. Analysis of the year‐round hydrographic data revealed consistent above‐sill seasonality in temperature and salinity. The warmest, saltiest waters occurred in spring (April–May) and primed glaciers for enhanced submarine melt in summer when meltwater plumes entrain deep waters. Waters were coldest and freshest in early winter (November–December) after summer melt from sea ice, glacier ice, and icebergs provided cold freshwater along the shelf. Ocean variability was greatest in the summer and fall, coincident with increased freshwater runoff and large wind events before winter sea ice formation. Results increase our mechanistic understanding of Greenland ice‐ocean interactions and enable improvements in ocean model parameterization.