bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of thermal-hydraulic performance in flat tube heat exchangers at various tube inclination angles
Authors: Adam A. Y. , Oumer A. N. , Alias Azri , Ishak M. , Noor M. M. 
Published: January 2018

The performance of compact fin-and-flat tube heat exchangers (HE) can be affected by many geometrical and processing factors and one of them is tube inclination angle. However, the effect of flat tube inclination angle on the thermal-hydraulic performance of the HE is not fully examined. This paper investigates the effects of flat tube inclination angles on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of fined flat tube HE when the tubes are deployed in in-line and staggered arrangements. A symmetric numerical method based on FLUENT software was carried out with six different tube inclination angles (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150°) in moderately high Reynolds number. From the results, it was observed that heat transfer coefficient increased with the augmentation of the tube inclination angle from 0o to 90o and decreased for 120o and 150o . With the increase of tube inclination angle, the average Nusselt number rose by 36.3%. This might be due to the reason that the tube surface area increases with the inclination angle, which also results in the largest increment of the pressure drop by 42.0%. Overall, the 90o tube inclination angle showed the highest enhancement in heat transfer for both inline and staggered configurations with a maximum enhancement of 41.2% for in-line and 32.2% for staggered arrangements. However, the heat transfer enhancements were accompanied by high-pressure drop penalties of up to 44.2% and 42.6% for in-line and staggered arrangements, respectively. Therefore, inclining the tubes at 90o is recommended where high heat transfer is required. On the other hand, 0o tube inclination angle is recommended where pumping power is a crucial issue.
Secondary Prevention of Visual Impairment in Students with Medium Degree Myopia by Means of Physical Therapy in a Vocational School
Authors: Pashkevich S. A. , Kriventsova I. V. 
Published: January 2018

The objective is to implement a visual impairment prevention program into a vocational school’s academic process for the risk group students and to determine its effectiveness based on the dynamics of comprehensive scoring assessment of the degree of visual pathology risk.Materials and methods. Observed were 91 students (35 boys and 56 girls). For the formative experiment purposes, a study group (SG) consisting of 10 persons (4 boys and 6 girls with a visual organ pathology who performed the designed preventive program) and a reference group (RG) consisting of 10 persons (5 boys and 5 girls with a visual organ pathology who studied under the usual program) were selected The program effectiveness was evaluated by changes in the students’ subjective evaluation of their visual comfort. The Relative Risk Index (RR) was used to perform a rough evatuation of the cause-effect relations between the acting factor and the effect appearance. The output characteristics were compared between the groups using χ2 tests (binary variables), t-tests (continuous variables), Mann-Whitney test for comparing the distribution of ordinal variables, and Wilcoxon test (related sampling).Results. The dynamics in the RG over the academic year showed an increase in the scoring assessment of the visual fatigue, which constituted 90.6 ± 10.3%. At the same time, the students in the SG demonstrated a reduced intensity and number of complaints about the visual analyzer fatigue. In the SG, the complex scoring assessment reliably decreased from 9.8 ± 0.8 to 7.2 ± 0.9 c.u. The implemented preventive program had a positive effect on the complaints: “the desire to bring the text closer to the eyes” (relative risk (RR) = 6.0, χ2 = 5.6, p <0.05), “the feeling of existence of certain periods of change in the visual acuity” (relative risk (RR) = 3.5; χ2 = 5.1; p <0.05), and the overall assessment of the questionnaire (relative risk (RR) = 7.0; χ2 = 7.5; p <0.01). The implementation of the proposed program, by the results of the interview of the students with a visual organ pathology, produced a reliable (p <0.05) increase in the level of the visual analyzer performance.Conclusions. The implementation of the proposed program for the vocational school students with a visual organ pathology had a positve effect on their subjective evaluation of their visual analyzer performance.
A Review on the Concepts of Traditional Architecture by Mulla Sadra’s Al-Hikmat Al-Mota'alie
Authors: Sheijani Zeinab Soleimani , Sheijani Seddighe Soleimani , Khakpour Mojgan 
Published: January 2018

Paying little attention to the roots of today's architecture has departed the contemporary architecture from its conceptual origins. However, the single application of traditional architecture principles does not fulfill the demands of today's life. Although by peering into the traditional Iranian architecture, principles and specific ideas implicit in the Islamic wisdom of Iran are revealed. In addition to maintaining the values of traditional architecture, a new approach to architectural design can also be achieved by recognizing and integrating these principles with the necessities of today's life. The article aims to answer whether it is possible to create a link between the traditional Iranian architecture concepts and the principles of contemporary rational architecture, similar to what Mulla Sadra, the great Persian philosopher, created between the Iranian ancient wisdom and al-Hikmat al-Masha which was solely a rational philosophy. To achieve the mentioned aim, first Mulla Sadra's intellectual structure has been studied, after modeling <em>al-</em><em>Hikmat al-Mota'alie</em>. Then the traditional architecture has been analyzed in order to recognize its being (<em>al-</em><em>Wojud</em>) and essence (<em>al-</em><em>Mahiyat</em>). The priority of being has been introduced in the next step, followed by levels of being. The next pace was to discuss the structure of Mulla Sadra's thinking method in architecture. The results of study indicate that the process of communication between ancient wisdom and <em>al-</em><em>Hikmat al-Masha</em>explained by Sadra can be classified in two phases, cognizing and integrating. In the stage of integration Sadra used rational reasoning to prove the issues that have been obtained through intuition and the same trend can be applied in architecture. The intuitive aspects of traditional architecture can also be presented within the framework of today's rationalist architecture in two steps, including cognizing and integrating.<p> </p>
Biochemical Properties of Mercuric Reductase from Local Isolate of Bacillus sp for Bioremediation Agent
Authors: Purkan Purkan , Nuzulla Yuliana Firdausi , Hadi Sofijan , Prasetyawati Endang Triwahyu 
Published: January 2018

Mercuric reductase is the important enzyme which catalyzes a reduction of a toxic Hg2+ to non-toxic Hg0. The enzyme which has been potentially used as mercury bioremediation agent is produced by mercury resistant bacteria. These research aims are to determinate the resistance level of a local Bacillus sp to HgCl2 in media, to determine the mercuric reductase activity from the bacteria, and to determine the biochemical properties of the mercuric reductase. The Bacillus sp was grown in the Nutrient Broth media with various of 0; 20; 40; 60; 120; and 160 µM HgCl2 to know the response of the bacteria against mercury, The cell growth of Bacillus sp was measured by optical density (OD) method of at λ 600 nm. The mercuric reductase activity was assayed in the solution of MRA (Mercury Reductase Assay), then the oxidized NADPH was observed by the spectrophotometry method at λ340 nm. The result showed that the Bacillus sp has been resistant to media containing mercury at 120 µM, but the microbial growth was decreased by 50% in media containing mercury 80 µM. The Bacillus sp could produce highly the mercuric reductase enzyme at 16 hours of growth time with enzyme activity as 0.574 Unit/µg. The mercuric reductase from the bacteria has an optimum activity at pH 6 and temperature 37 °C
DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA, CIDADANIA E DIALÉTICA: VALORES E PRINCÍPIOS CONSTITUCIONAIS NA SOCIEDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Oliveira Sobrinho Afonso Soares , Lopes Figueiredo Eduardo Henrique 
Published: January 2018

<span>O século XXI é marcado por uma globalização perversa, fruto de contradições sociais, econômicas, políticas e ambientais, que tem como carro-chefe o consumismo. Um mundo da barbárie fruto da perda do sentido ético da existência humana. <em>Pari Passu</em> a um mundo tecnológico fantástico, é preciso discutir a dialética com vistas ao reconhecimento do outro como singular e universal. Nesse diapasão, insere-se o espaço digital com vistas ao equilíbrio social e ambiental. Assim, discute-se a cidadania e a dialética a partir do valor-fonte dignidade da pessoa humana, inserido no meio ambiente cultural à luz dos princípios constitucionais na sociedade da informação. Utiliza-se um método dialético de pesquisa e uma vasta pesquisa bibliográfica com o objetivo de estudar o problema central: a necessidade de valores e princípios constitucionais que interagem dialeticamente em uma sociedade da informação para alcançar uma sociedade justa, solidária e cidadã. <span>Concluímos que o </span>revigoramento dos instrumentos democrático-deliberativos-participativos em rede sedimenta bens culturais por meio de valores e princípios constitucionais norteadores da vida em sociedade por uma sociedade mais justa, fraterna e livre.</span>
The Red Polybius: Otto Bauer’s theory of the democratic republic
Authors: Möller Kolja 
Published: January 2018

This article reconstructs Austro-Marxist Otto Bauer’s theoretical reflections on the democratic republic. It demonstrates how Bauer proceeds from the irreducible conflict around the exercise of rule as his point of departure, but also pays due attention to the impact existing legal and political forms have on scopes of articulation for antagonistic conflict. He elaborates a cycle of three stages through which the democratic republic passes: proletarian democracy, the people’s republic, and an innovative conceptualization of the dictatorship of the proletariat as a backdrop for the stabilization and defence of democratic institutions. Bauer’s reflections refine central concepts of political Marxism* and relate them to democratic theory. Drawing loosely on Polybius’ cycle of constitutions, Bauer can be viewed as a ‘Red Polybius’. He soberly analyses the different stages of the republic and reveals how they are connected to one another. Ultimately, this article demonstrates that Bauer’s work provides ample resources for theorizing the mutual interrelations and interrelatedness of social conflict and political form.* ‘Political Marxism’ in this sense does not refer to the theoretical current within the Anglophone world, but rather to a Marxism that is political, i.e. that views the production of theory as a means to an end, namely the political transformation of society as a whole.
Randomized Trial Comparing Suture Button with Single Syndesmotic Screw for Syndesmosis Injury
Authors: Andersen Mette Renate , Frihagen Frede , Hellund Johan Castberg , Madsen Jan Erik , Figved Wender 
Published: January 2018

Background:
This study compared clinical and radiographic results between patients who underwent stabilization of an acutely injured syndesmosis with a suture button (SB) and those treated with 1 quadricortical syndesmotic screw (SS).

Methods:
Ninety-seven patients, 18 to 70 years old, with an ankle injury that included the syndesmosis were randomized to 2 groups: SB (48 patients) and SS (49). The main outcome measure was the score on the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale. The secondary outcome measures were the Olerud-Molander Ankle (OMA) score, visual analog scale (VAS), and EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) Index and VAS. Computed tomography (CT) scans of both ankles were obtained at 2 weeks and 1 and 2 years after surgery. Both groups were allowed partial weight-bearing at 2 weeks and full weight-bearing at 6 weeks. The mean time for SS removal was 85.9 days (range, 39 to 132 days) after surgery. The patients were followed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 and 2 years. Two years of follow-up were completed for 87 (90%) of the patients (46 in the SB group and 41 in the SS group).

Results:
The SS group had more injuries to the posterior malleolus than the SB group. At 2 years, the median AOFAS score was higher in the SB group than in the SS group (96 [interquartile range, or IQR, 90 to 100] versus 86 [IQR, 80 to 96]; p = 0.001), as was the median OMA score (100 [IQR, 95 to 100] versus 90 [IQR, 75 to 100]; p < 0.001). The SB group reported less pain during walking at 2 years than the SS group (median VAS score, 0 [IQR, 0 to 1] versus 1 [IQR, 0 to 2]; p = 0.008) and less pain during rest (median VAS score, 0 [IQR, 0 to 0] versus 0 [IQR, 0 to 1]; p = 0.04). There was no difference between treatments groups with regard to pain at night or during daily activities at 2 years. The SB group had a higher median EQ-5D Index score at 2 years (1.0 [IQR, 1 to 1] versus 0.88 [IQR, 0.8 to 1.0]; p = 0.005). Twenty of 40 patients in the SS group had a difference in the tibiofibular distance of ≥2 mm between the injured and uninjured ankles at 2 years, compared with 8 of 40 in the SB group (p = 0.009). Seven patients in the SS group had symptomatic recurrent syndesmotic diastasis during the treatment period compared with none in the SB group (p = 0.005).

Conclusions:
The patients treated with an SB had higher AOFAS scores, OMA scores, and EQ-5D Index scores as well as lower (better) VAS scores for pain during walking and pain during rest. Also, the SB group had less widening seen radiographically at 2 years than did the patients in the SS group. No differences in the scores for pain at night or during daily activities were identified.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Automated Three-Dimensional Measurement of Glenoid Version and Inclination in Arthritic Shoulders
Authors: Boileau Pascal , Cheval Damien , Gauci Marc-Olivier , Holzer Nicolas , Chaoui Jean , Walch Gilles 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Preoperative computed tomography (CT) measurements of glenoid version and inclination are recommended for planning glenoid implantation in shoulder arthroplasty. However, current manual or semi-automated 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) methods are user-dependent and time-consuming. We assessed whether the use of a 3D automated method is accurate and reliable to measure glenoid version and inclination in osteoarthritic shoulders.

Methods:
CT scans of osteoarthritic shoulders of 60 patients scheduled for shoulder arthroplasty were obtained. Automated, surgeon-operated, image analysis software (Glenosys; Imascap) was developed to measure glenoid version and inclination. The anatomic scapular reference planes were defined as the mean of the peripheral points of the scapular body as well as the plane perpendicular to it, passing along the supraspinatus fossa line. Measurements were compared with those obtained using previously described manual or semi-automated methods, including the Friedman version angle on 2D CTs, Friedman method on 3D multiplanar reconstructions (corrected Friedman method), Ganapathi-Iannotti and Lewis-Armstrong methods on 3D volumetric reconstructions (for glenoid version), and Maurer method (for glenoid inclination).The mean differences (and standard deviation) and the concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) were calculated. Two orthopaedic surgeons independently examined the images for the interobserver analysis, with one of them measuring them twice more for the intraobserver analysis; interobserver and intraobserver reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results:
The mean difference in the Glenosys glenoid version measurement was 2.0° ± 4.5° (CCC = 0.93) compared with the Friedman method, 2.5° ± 3.2° (CCC = 0.95) compared with the corrected Friedman method, 1.5° ± 4.5° (CCC = 0.94) compared with the Ganapathi-Iannotti method, and 1.8° ± 3.8° (CCC = 0.95) compared with the Lewis-Armstrong method. There was a mean difference of 0.2° ± 4.7° (CCC = 0.78) between the inclination measurements made with the Glenosys and Maurer methods. The difference between the overall average 2D and 3D measurements was not significant (p = 0.45).

Conclusions:
Use of fully automated software for 3D measurement of glenoid version and inclination in arthritic shoulders is reliable and accurate, showing excellent correlation with previously described manual or semi-automated methods.

Clinical Relevance:
The use of automated surgeon-operated image analysis software to evaluate 3D glenoid anatomy eliminates interobserver and intraobserver discrepancies, improves the accuracy of preoperative planning for shoulder replacement, and offers a potential gain of time for the surgeon.
The Anteroposterior Pelvic Radiograph
Authors: Welton K. Linnea , Jesse Mary K. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Garabekyan Tigran , Mei-Dan Omer 
Published: January 2018

➤ A proper technique is critically important for accurate interpretation of the anteroposterior radiograph, with a true anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis made with the patient in the supine or standing position with a tube-to-image distance of 120 cm and a photon beam centered midway between the pubic symphysis and the top of the iliac crests.➤ Frequent characteristics of developmental dysplasia that may be seen on an anteroposterior pelvic radiograph are a hypoplastic acetabular weight-bearing zone, steeply sloped acetabular roof, lateralized center of rotation, acetabular anteversion or retroversion in the presence of a hypovolemic acetabulum, and coxa valga.➤ Increased depth, femoral head overcoverage, and/or abnormal acetabular version (typically retroversion) are the main etiologies of pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).➤ Cam-type FAI deformities are represented by global deformities such as femoral head asphericity and diminished head-neck offset.➤ Commonly utilized grading systems of osteoarthritis evaluate the hip for evidence of joint-space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis and cyst formation, osteophyte development, and femoral head deformity.
Extent, capacity and possibilities of computational fluid dynamics as a design tool for pump intakes: a review
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yee Tien 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Flow near pump intakes is three-dimensional in nature, and is affected by many factors such as the geometry of the intake bay, uniformity of approach flow, critical submergence, placements and operation combinations of pumps and so on. In the last three decades, advancement of numerical techniques coupled with the increase in computational resources made it possible to conduct computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations on pump intakes. This article reviews different aspects involved in CFD modeling of pump station intakes, outlines the challenges faced by current CFD modelers, and provides an attempt to forecast future direction of CFD modeling of pump intakes.
Adsorption of methyl orange dye onto biochar adsorbent prepared from chicken manure
Authors: Yu Jiangang , Zhang Xingwen , Wang Dong , Li Ping 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this work, the biochar adsorbent carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), was prepared from the pyrolysis (600 °C, 120 min) of chicken manure for the removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution, and its physicochemical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The experimental parameters including agitation speed, initial solution pH, biochar dosage and contact time on the adsorption properties of MO from aqueous solution onto CMC were investigated in batch experiments. The kinetic adsorption of different initial concentration could be accurately described by the pseudo-second-order model and the overall rate process was apparently influenced by external mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm model showed a better fit with equilibrium data (R2 &gt; 0.99), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 39.47 mg·g−1 at 25 °C. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of MO onto CMC was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The results of this study indicated that CMC could be used as a promising biomass adsorbent material for aqueous solutions containing MO.
Body Mass Index (BMI) and Cognitive Functions in Later Life
Authors: Momtaz Yadollah A. , Haron Sharifah A. , Hamid Tengku A. , Ibrahim Rahimah , Tanjani Parisa T. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
The findings from previous studies exploring the association between BMI and
cognitive function in the elderly are conflicting. The purpose of the present study is twofold; to verify
the association between BMI and cognitive functions and examine whether this association is impacted
by height, when adjusted for possible covariates.

Methods:
The data for this study, consisted of 2287 older adults aged 60 years and above, drawn from a
nationally representative population-based survey entitled “Determinants of Wellness among Older Malaysians:
A Health Promotion Perspective” conducted in 2009.

Results:
The mean age of the respondents was 68.7 (SD=6.6) years. The average score of cognitive
function, measured by MMSE was 24.5 (SD=5.6). About 40% of the respondents were classified as
overweight. Results of the multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between
BMI and cognitive function (Beta=.10, p<.001). The Factorial ANCOVA revealed significant interaction
effect between BMI and height on cognitive function (F= 10.8, p<.001), after adjusting for possible
covariates.

Conclusion:
The findings from the current study indicating the positive association between BMI and
cognitive function depends on height, therefore it is suggested that short people might be targeted for
dementia prevention.
PARTICIPAÇÃO SOCIAL NO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE: O ENVOLVIMENTO DA POPULAÇÃO DE ALAGOINHAS
Authors: Oliveira Rosalvo de Jesus , Brito Lima Wilza Carla Mota 
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho é uma reflexão sobre a participação social no Sistema Único de Saúde. O objetivo foi analisar a participação da população de Alagoinhas, Bahia, no Sistema Único de Saúde. Para isso, optou-se por uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando roteiros semiestruturados aplicados a seis trabalhadores e oito usuários do referido sistema, nas áreas de abrangência de duas unidades de saúde da família e seis conselheiros municipais. Os dados empíricos revelaram que a população em análise não participa ativamente do Controle Social no Sistema Único de Saúde e que o Conselho Municipal de Saúde é pouco atuante em seu papel deliberativo frente às demandas de saúde do município. Concluiu-se que a participação popular no Sistema Único de Saúde em Alagoinhas, Bahia, não é apoiada pelos Gestores de Saúde na formulação de uma política que a incentive, bem como não há uma articulação que dê suporte aos Conselhos Municipais de Saúde, para que possam desempenhar suas ações de forma significativa.
Palavras-chave: Controle Social. Participação popular. Sistema Único de Saúde.