bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunophenotype of neutrophils in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Caldeira Patrícia Carlos , Vieira Érica Leandro Marciano , Sousa Alexandre Andrade , Teixeira Antônio Lúcio , Aguiar Maria Cássia Ferreira 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe aim was to explore the immunophenotype of neutrophils and lymphocytes and the inflammatory mediators in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, comparing with controls; and to associate with clinicopathological data.MethodsBlood was collected from 13 patients and 13 controls. The immunophenotype of neutrophils (CD66b, CD16, CD11a, arginase‐1), T lymphocytes (CD4, CD8) and the intracellular cytokine production (IL‐10, TNF, IFN‐γ) was evaluated by flow cytometry. Plasma concentration of sVCAM‐1, sTNF‐RI, sTNF‐RII, and IL‐1β was measured by ELISA. MPO, Lipocalin‐2/NGAL, sICAM‐1, and p‐selectin were quantified by Luminex assay. The excised tumors were submitted to immunohistochemistry for neutrophils (CD66b) and lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, CD8). Association with clinical data was explored. P values <.05 were considered significant.ResultsPatients presented higher percentage of neutrophils and lower lymphocytes, resulting a higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio than controls. They also presented higher percentage of neutrophils expressing CD66b+, CD66b+Arginase‐1+, CD66b+IL10+, CD66b+TNF+, CD66b+Arginase‐1+IL‐10+, and lower CD66b+CD16+CD11a+ and CD66b+Arginase‐1+TNF+. CD66b+neutrophils were detected in all tumors, with a CD66b+/CD3+ ratio of 0.40. Patients showed higher concentration of plasmatic sVCAM‐1 and lower Lipocalin‐2/NGAL. Patients with good outcome presented lower percentage of neutrophils, higher percentage of lymphocytes, and lower NLR than patients who died.ConclusionThe amount and immunophenotype of neutrophils and lymphocytes differ between patients and healthy individuals, with a pro‐tumorigenic profile of neutrophils. As these cells also get within tumor microenvironment, they possibly exert systemic and local functions in cancer pathogenesis. The association of neutrophil count with outcome corroborates recent studies and this merits further investigation for applicability as a prognosticator.
Spectral analysis of the stick‐slip phenomenon in “oral” tribological texture evaluation
Authors: Sanahuja Solange , Upadhyay Rutuja , Briesen Heiko , Chen Jianshe 
Published: March 2017

Abstract“Oral” tribology has become a new paradigm in food texture studies to understand complex texture attributes, such as creaminess, oiliness, and astringency, which could not be successfully characterized by traditional texture analysis nor by rheology. Stick‐slip effects resulting from intermittent sliding motion during kinetic friction of oral mucosa could constitute an additional determining factor of sensory perception where traditional friction coefficient values and their Stribeck regimes fail in predicting different lubricant (food bolus and saliva) behaviors. It was hypothesized that the observed jagged behavior of most sliding force curves are due to stick‐slip effects and depend on test velocity, normal load, surface roughness as well as lubricant type. Therefore, different measurement set‐ups were investigated: sliding velocities from 0.01 to 40 mm/s, loads of 0.5 and 2.5 N as well as a smooth and a textured silicone contact surface. Moreover, dry contact measurements were compared to model food systems, such as water, oil, and oil‐in‐water emulsions. Spectral analysis permitted to extract the distribution of stick‐slip magnitudes for specific wave numbers, characterizing the occurrence of jagged force peaks per unit sliding distance, similar to frequencies per unit time. The spectral features were affected by all the above mentioned tested factors. Stick‐slip created vibration frequencies in the range of those detected by oral mechanoreceptors (0.3–400 Hz). The study thus provides a new insight into the use of tribology in food psychophysics.Practical applicationsDynamic spectral analysis has been applied for the first time to the force‐displacement curves in “oral” tribology. Analyzing the stick‐slip phenomenon in the dynamic friction provides new information that is generally overlooked or confused with machine noise and which may help to understand friction‐related sensory attributes. This approach allows us to differentiate samples that have similar friction coefficient, but are perceived differently in the mouth. The next step of our research will be to combine spectral attributes, such as the magnitudes of specific wave number bands and possibly their evolution during sliding, together with friction coefficient and viscosity values of foods with sensory results. The highest potential lies in predicting smoothness in opposition to roughness of a surface, such as a rough tongue when eating astringent or dry foods, or of particles when eating grainy foods. The effects of food ingredients at the nano to macroscales can then be used to optimize a specific lubrication behavior.
Vitamin A deficiency in chronic cholestatic liver disease: Is vitamin A therapy beneficial?
Authors: Freund Cora , Gotthardt Daniel N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChronic cholestatic diseases are progressive diseases of the biliary tract that cause hepatic fibrosis and ultimately lead to liver failure. Liver transplantation is the sole curative option currently available, and because of high morbidity and mortality rates of these diseases, new therapeutic approaches are needed. Vitamin A is a nutrient essential for health as it regulates many processes, including epithelial growth and immunological processes. Vitamin A is primarily stored in hepatic stellate cells, and during liver injury, through an unknown mechanism, these cells lose vitamin A and convert into collagen‐producing myofibroblasts, which contributes to hepatic fibrosis. Vitamin A deficiencies in chronic cholestatic diseases have been frequently reported, and therefore, retinoid metabolism has attracted a lot of attention. Retinoids have been shown to attenuate or even prevent hepatic fibrosis, and to regulate hepatic immunological response to cholestatic injury in different rodent models of chronic cholestasis. Recently, their potential as therapeutic drugs in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients was analyzed. The aim of this review is to summarize the existing knowledge and hypotheses about vitamin A role and the disease progression in cholestatic liver disease.
Efficacy of an Intervention Program for Attention and Reflexivity in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Campeño‐Martínez Yoana , Santiago‐Ramajo Sandra , Navarro‐Asencio Enrique , Vergara‐Moragues Esperanza , Santiuste Bermejo Victor 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThere has been increasing evidence in recent years of the need to adapt intervention programs to the specific needs of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The main goal of this research work was to study the efficacy of an educational intervention program to improve attention and reflexivity in school children with ADHD in order to verify the improvements in symptoms associated with ADHD such as aggressivity, social isolation, anxiety, and attention deficit. The sample was comprised of 26 primary school children ranging from 7 to 10 years of age with ADHD. Symptoms of children with ADHD were evaluated by applying the Escalas Magallanes Screening Scale for Attention Deficits and Other Developmental Problems in Children (EMA‐DDA) at two time points (pre and post). The results show a statistically significant reduction in symptoms on the aggressivity and social isolation scales measured with the EMA‐DDA after applying the intervention program. These data supports the potential value of an intervention program for working with ADHD children.
On Decreasing Marginal Impatience, Stability and Monetary Policy in a Sidrauskian Economy
Authors: Daway Sarah Lynne Salvador 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes the long‐run dynamics with which decreasing marginal impatience (DMI) is consistent with a saddle‐path equilibrium in a Sidrauskian economy. With exogenous growth, this occurs with a strong substitutability between capital and money. Otherwise, diminishing returns to capital have to be stronger than in a nonmonetary setting if capital and money are complements. With endogenous growth, saddle‐path stability ensues when the rate of time preference—the rate at which “impatience” is increasing—exceeds the rate at which the real economy is growing along a balanced growth path. Two monetary implications also emerge. One, DMI can be consistent with both a negative and positive long‐run inflation‐growth nexus. Two, under capital‐money substitutability, the Friedman optimal rule might even fail to hold.
Successful management of passenger lymphocyte syndrome in an ABO‐compatible, nonidentical isolated bowel transplant: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Foell Daniel , Glasmeyer Sabina , Senninger Norbert , Wolters Heiner , Palmes Daniel , Bahde Ralf 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDPassenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS), a subtype of graft‐versus‐host disease, is a rare disorder encountered mainly in ABO‐mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and infrequently in all types of ABO‐mismatched solid organ transplantation. We here report the fifth case of PLS in small bowel transplantation (SBTx) and the first one describing the successful management of PLS in a cadaveric, isolated SBTx.CASE REPORTA 60‐year‐old Caucasian female with blood group A D+ suffering from short bowel syndrome received a small bowel transplant from a 32‐year‐old Caucasian female with blood group O D+ (HLA mismatch 2/6). After onset of massive hemolysis on Postoperative Day 9 the positive direct and indirect antiglobulin tests showing antibodies against A1 and A2 red blood cells (RBCs) led to the diagnosis of PLS. This complication was successfully treated by transfusion of blood group O RBC transfusions, increased immunosuppression, and plasmapheresis.CONCLUSIONIn the event of severe hemolysis and anemia after ABO‐mismatched SBTx, PLS should be considered. In our case successful treatment consisted of transfusion of donor‐specific RBCs, increased immunosuppression, and plasmapheresis.
Effectiveness of CO2 laser in an experimental mammary gland adenocarcinoma model
Authors: Paczuska J. , Świtalska M. , Nowak M. , Kiełbowicz Z. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe important goal of modern research in the field of surgical oncology is the quest for a tool that could improve the outcomes of tumour excision.AimsThe aim of this study was to compare the usefulness of the CO2
laser with flexible hollow waveguide and scalpel in mammary tumour excision.Materials & MethodsA total of 112 female BALB/c mice with implanted orthotopically 4T1‐luc2‐tdTomato tumour cells were included in the research. Tumours were excised in 48 mice using the CO2
laser and in 48 through scalpel surgery. The control group consisted of 16 untreated mice. The evaluation of surgical outcome was obtained by in vivo bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging and post‐mortem histopathological examination.ResultsThere were no significant differences between recurrence rates, metastases and survival time in groups excised with the scalpel and CO2
laser.ConclusionThe CO2 laser has similar efficacy compared with conventional scalpel excision for local recurrence rates, incidence of distant metastases and survival time and can be safely applied in oncological surgery.
Leg vascular and skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations to aerobic high‐intensity exercise training are enhanced in the early postmenopausal phase
Authors: Nyberg Michael , Egelund Jon , Mandrup Camilla M. , Andersen Caroline B. , Hansen Karen M. B. E. , Hergel Ida‐Marie F. , Valbak‐Andersen Nicholai , Frikke‐Schmidt Ruth , Stallknecht Bente , Bangsbo Jens , Hellsten Ylva 
Published: March 2017

Key points
Exercise training effectively improves vascular and skeletal muscle function; however, these effects of training may be blunted in postmenopausal women as a result of the loss of oestrogens.
Accordingly, the capacity to deliver oxygen to the active muscles may also be impaired in postmenopausal women.
In both premenopausal and recent postmenopausal women, exercise training was shown to improve leg vascular and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Interestingly, these effects were more pronounced in postmenopausal women.
Skeletal muscle oxygen supply and utilization were similar in the two groups of women.
These findings suggest that the early postmenopausal phase is associated with an enhanced capacity of the leg vasculature and skeletal muscle mitochondria to adapt to exercise training and that the ability to deliver oxygen to match the demand of the active muscles is preserved in the early phase following the menopausal transition.
AbstractExercise training leads to favourable adaptations within skeletal muscle; however, this effect of exercise training may be blunted in postmenopausal women as a result of the loss of oestrogens. Furthermore, postmenopausal women may have an impaired vascular response to acute exercise. We examined the haemodynamic response to acute exercise in matched pre‐ and postmenopausal women before and after 12 weeks of aerobic high intensity exercise training. Twenty premenopausal and 16 early postmenopausal (mean ± SEM: 3.1 ± 0.5 years after final menstrual period) women only separated by 4 years of age (mean ± SEM: 50 ± 0 years vs. 54 ± 1 years) were included. Before training, leg blood flow, O2 delivery, O2 uptake and lactate release during knee‐extensor exercise were similar in pre‐ and postmenopausal women. Exercise training reduced (P < 0.05) leg blood flow, O2 delivery, O2 uptake, lactate release, blood pressure and heart rate during the same absolute workloads in postmenopausal women. These effects were not detected in premenopausal women. Quadriceps muscle protein contents of mitochondrial complex II, III and IV; endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS); cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1; COX‐2; and oestrogen‐related receptor α (ERRα) were increased (P < 0.05) with training in postmenopausal women, whereas only the levels of mitochondrial complex V, eNOS and COX‐2 were increased (P < 0.05) in premenopausal women. These findings demonstrate that vascular and skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations to aerobic high intensity exercise training are more pronounced in recent post‐ compared to premenopausal women, possibly as an effect of enhanced ERRα signalling. Also, the hyperaemic response to acute exercise appears to be preserved in the early postmenopausal phase.
Comparison of Standard Culture-Based Method to Culture-Independent Method for Evaluation of Hygiene Effects on the Hand Microbiome
Authors: Zapka C. , Leff J. , Henley J. , Tittl J. , De Nardo E. , Butler M. , Griggs R. , Fierer N. , Edmonds-Wilson S. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Hands play a critical role in the transmission of microbiota on one’s own body, between individuals, and on environmental surfaces. Effectively measuring the composition of the hand microbiome is important to hand hygiene science, which has implications for human health. Hand hygiene products are evaluated using standard culture-based methods, but standard test methods for culture-independent microbiome characterization are lacking. We sampled the hands of 50 participants using swab-based and glove-based methods prior to and following four hand hygiene treatments (using a nonantimicrobial hand wash, alcohol-based hand sanitizer [ABHS], a 70% ethanol solution, or tap water). We compared results among culture plate counts, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted directly from hands, and sequencing of DNA extracted from culture plates. Glove-based sampling yielded higher numbers of unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) but had less diversity in bacterial community composition than swab-based sampling. We detected treatment-induced changes in diversity only by using swab-based samples (
P
< 0.001); we were unable to detect changes with glove-based samples. Bacterial cell counts significantly decreased with use of the ABHS (
P
< 0.05) and ethanol control (
P
< 0.05). Skin hydration at baseline correlated with bacterial abundances, bacterial community composition, pH, and redness across subjects. The importance of the method choice was substantial. These findings are important to ensure improvement of hand hygiene industry methods and for future hand microbiome studies. On the basis of our results and previously published studies, we propose recommendations for best practices in hand microbiome research.

IMPORTANCE
The hand microbiome is a critical area of research for diverse fields, such as public health and forensics. The suitability of culture-independent methods for assessing effects of hygiene products on microbiota has not been demonstrated. This is the first controlled laboratory clinical hand study to have compared traditional hand hygiene test methods with newer culture-independent characterization methods typically used by skin microbiologists. This study resulted in recommendations for hand hygiene product testing, development of methods, and future hand skin microbiome research. It also demonstrated the importance of inclusion of skin physiological metadata in skin microbiome research, which is atypical for skin microbiome studies.
PICs in motoneurons do not scale with the size of the animal: a possible mechanism for faster speed of muscle contraction in smaller species
Authors: Huh Seoan , Siripuram Ramamurthy , Lee Robert H. , Turkin Vladimir V. , O’Neill Derek , Hamm Thomas M. , Heckman Charles J. , Manuel Marin 
Published: March 2017

The majority of studies on the electrical properties of neurons are carried out in rodents, and in particular in mice. However, the minute size of this animal compared with humans potentially limits the relevance of the resulting insights. To be able to extrapolate results obtained in a small animal such as a rodent, one needs to have proper knowledge of the rules governing how electrical properties of neurons scale with the size of the animal. Generally speaking, electrical resistances of neurons increase as cell size decreases, and thus maintenance of equal depolarization across cells of different sizes requires the underlying currents to decrease in proportion to the size decrease. Thus it would generally be expected that voltage-sensitive currents are smaller in smaller animals. In this study, we used in vivo preparations to record electrical properties of spinal motoneurons in deeply anesthetized adult mice and cats. We found that PICs do not scale with size, but instead are constant in their amplitudes across these species. This constancy, coupled with the threefold differences in electrical resistances, means that PICs contribute a threefold larger depolarization in the mouse than in the cat. As a consequence, motoneuronal firing rate sharply increases as animal size decreases. These differences in firing rates are likely essential in allowing different species to control muscles with widely different contraction speeds (smaller animals have faster muscle fibers). Thus from our results we have identified a possible new mechanism for how electrical properties are tuned to match mechanical properties within the motor output system. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The small size of the mouse warrants concern over whether the properties of their neurons are a scaled version of those in larger animals or instead have unique features. Comparison of spinal motoneurons in mice to cats showed unique features. Firing rates in the mouse were much higher, in large part due to relatively larger persistent inward currents. These differences likely reflect adaptations for controlling much faster muscle fibers in mouse than cat.
Density of available striatal dopamine receptors predicts trait impulsiveness during performance of an attention-demanding task
Authors: Anderson Brian A. , Kuwabara Hiroto , Wong Dean F. , Courtney Susan M. 
Published: March 2017

The density (measured at binding potential) of available striatal D2/D3 receptors has been shown to predict trait impulsiveness. This relationship is highly robust and well replicated. In each case, however, the availability of dopamine receptors was measured at rest. More broadly, the extent to which relationships between dopamine receptor availability and behavioral traits hold when participants perform a cognitive task is unclear. Furthermore, the performance of a cognitive task engages fundamentally different neural networks than are maximally engaged during the resting state. This complicates interpretation of previously observed correlations, which could be influenced by two distinct factors. The first is variation in available receptor density, which reflects a stable trait of the individual. The second is variation in context-specific dopamine release, which differentially displaces some dopamine radiotracers (such as raclopride) across individuals. Using an existing data set, we related trait impulsiveness, as measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), to the density (binding potential) of available striatal D2/D3 receptors as measured using positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]raclopride. Importantly, the PET scan was completed while participants performed an attention-demanding visual search task. We replicate robust correlations between this measure of receptor availability and trait impulsiveness previously demonstrated during the resting state, extending this relationship to periods of active task engagement. Our results support the idea that this relationship depends on striatal D2/D3 receptor density and not on context-dependent dopamine release. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between the density of available striatal D2/D3 receptors and trait impulsiveness. However, in each case, the availability of dopamine receptors was measured during the resting state. This complicates interpretation of previously observed correlations, which could be influenced by either stable variation in receptor density or context-dependent dopamine release. We present evidence uniquely consistent with the former interpretation, providing clarity to the nature of this brain-behavior relationship.