bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LasR Variant Cystic Fibrosis Isolates Reveal an Adaptable Quorum-Sensing Hierarchy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Feltner John B. , Wolter Daniel J. , Pope Christopher E. , Groleau Marie-Christine , Smalley Nicole E. , Greenberg E. Peter , Mayer-Hamblett Nicole , Burns Jane , Déziel Eric , Hoffman Lucas R. , Dandekar Ajai A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Chronic
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
infections cause significant morbidity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Over years to decades,
P. aeruginosa
adapts genetically as it establishes chronic lung infections. Nonsynonymous mutations in
lasR
, the quorum-sensing (QS) master regulator, are common in CF. In laboratory strains of
P. aeruginosa
, LasR activates transcription of dozens of genes, including that for another QS regulator, RhlR. Despite the frequency with which
lasR
coding variants have been reported to occur in
P. aeruginosa
CF isolates, little is known about their consequences for QS. We sequenced
lasR
from 2,583
P. aeruginosa
CF isolates. The
lasR
sequences of 580 isolates (22%) coded for polypeptides that differed from the conserved LasR polypeptides of well-studied laboratory strains. This collection included 173 unique
lasR
coding variants, 116 of which were either missense or nonsense mutations. We studied 31 of these variants. About one-sixth of the variant LasR proteins were functional, including 3 with nonsense mutations, and in some LasR-null isolates, genes that are LasR dependent in laboratory strains were nonetheless expressed. Furthermore, about half of the LasR-null isolates retained RhlR activity. Therefore, in some CF isolates the QS hierarchy is altered such that RhlR quorum sensing is independent of LasR regulation. Our analysis challenges the view that QS-silent
P. aeruginosa
is selected during the course of a chronic CF lung infection. Rather, some
lasR
sequence variants retain functionality, and many employ an alternate QS strategy involving RhlR.

IMPORTANCE
Chronic
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
infections, such as those in patients with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis, are notable in that mutants with defects in the quorum-sensing transcription factor LasR frequently arise. In laboratory strains of
P. aeruginosa
, quorum sensing activates transcription of dozens of genes, many of which encode virulence factors, such as secreted proteases and hydrogen cyanide synthases. In well-studied laboratory strains, LasR-null mutants have a quorum-sensing-deficient phenotype. Therefore, the presence of LasR variants in chronic infections has been interpreted to indicate that quorum-sensing-regulated products are not important for those infections. We report that some
P. aeruginosa
LasR variant clinical isolates are not LasR-null mutants, and others have uncoupled a second quorum-sensing system, the RhlR system, from LasR regulation. In these uncoupled isolates, RhlR independently activates at least some quorum-sensing-dependent genes. Our findings suggest that quorum sensing plays a role in chronic
P. aeruginosa
infections, despite the emergence of LasR coding variants.
Collapse of Insect Gut Symbiosis under Simulated Climate Change
Authors: Kikuchi Yoshitomo , Tada Akiyo , Musolin Dmitry L. , Hari Nobuhiro , Hosokawa Takahiro , Fujisaki Kenji , Fukatsu Takema 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Global warming impacts diverse organisms not only directly but also indirectly via other organisms with which they interact. Recently, the possibility that elevated temperatures resulting from global warming may substantially affect biodiversity through disrupting mutualistic/parasitic associations has been highlighted. Here we report an experimental demonstration that global warming can affect a pest insect via suppression of its obligate bacterial symbiont. The southern green stinkbug
Nezara viridula
depends on a specific gut bacterium for its normal growth and survival. When the insects were reared inside or outside a simulated warming incubator wherein temperature was controlled at 2.5°C higher than outside, the insects reared in the incubator exhibited severe fitness defects (i.e., retarded growth, reduced size, yellowish body color, etc.) and significant reduction of symbiont population, particularly in the midsummer season, whereas the insects reared outside did not. Rearing at 30°C or 32.5°C resulted in similar defective phenotypes of the insects, whereas no adult insects emerged at 35°C. Notably, experimental symbiont suppression by an antibiotic treatment also induced similar defective phenotypes of the insects, indicating that the host’s defective phenotypes are attributable not to the heat stress itself but to the suppression of the symbiont population induced by elevated temperature. These results strongly suggest that high temperature in the midsummer season negatively affects the insects not directly but indirectly via the heat-vulnerable obligate bacterial symbiont, which highlights the practical relevance of mutualism collapse in this warming world.

IMPORTANCE
Climate change is among the biggest environmental issues in the contemporary world, and its impact on the biodiversity and ecosystem is not only of scientific interest but also of practical concern for the general public. On the basis of our laboratory data obtained under strictly controlled environmental conditions and our simulated warming data obtained in seminatural settings (elevated 2.5°C above the normal temperature), we demonstrate here that
Nezara viridula
, the notorious stinkbug pest, suffers serious fitness defects in the summer season under the simulated warming conditions, wherein high temperature acts on the insect not directly but indirectly via suppression of its obligate gut bacterium. Our finding highlights that heat-susceptible symbionts can be the “Achilles’ heel” of symbiont-dependent organisms under climate change conditions.
The structural stabilities, mechanical properties and hardness of chromium tetraboride: Compared with low-B borides
Authors: Zhong Ming-Min , Huang Cheng , Tian Chun-Ling 
Published: October 2016

Using the first-principles calculations, we provide a systemic understanding of the structural features and phase stability, mechanical and electronic properties, as well as the roles of boron (B) atom arrangement in the hardness for chromium borides. The structural and relative energy searches together with formation enthalpy confirm the most stable Cr2B with an orthorhombic Fddd symmetry, CrB with an orthorhombic Cmcm symmetry, CrB2with a hexagonal P63/mmc symmetry and chromium tetraboride (CrB4) with an orthorhombic Pnnm symmetry. The shear modulus, Young’s modulus and [Formula: see text] increase with the boron content, while the Poisson’s ratio and [Formula: see text] ratio have an opposite tendency. Moreover, due to higher B content, strong three-dimensional (3D) covalent B networks and lower metallic contribution, CrB4with Pnnm symmetry has the largest hardness value (46.8 GPa), exceeding the superhard limit, indicating its superhard nature.
Mamíferos no voladores del Parque Nacional Sangay, Ecuador
Authors: Brito M. Jorge , Ojala-Barbour Reed 
Published: October 2016

In this study we present the results of inventory efforts of non-volant mammals in Sangay National Park (SNP), one of the least studied regions of Ecuador. We conducted inventories at 9 locations between December 2010 and June 2015 along a gradient of elevations between 1.300 and 3.650 m. To document the presence of non-volant mammals we used capture techniques (Sherman, Tomahawk, and pitfall traps) and direct and indirect detection techniques (track and sign surveys, interviews). The trap effort consisted of 5.730 trap/nights. We detected 86 species in the study area of which rodents were the most diverse group with 36 species (41.8%). The small mammals Chilomys instans, Neusticomys vossi, Ichthyomys cf. stolzmanni, Thomasomys fumeus, Dactilomys dactylinus and Echimys saturnus, the marsupial Marmosa rubra were detected in the SNP for the first time. The shrew-opossum Caenolestes sangay, shrew Cryptotis montivaga and rodents Phyllotis haggardi, Thomasomys fumeus, T. hutsoni, T. cf silvestris, Rhipidomys sp. nov., y Cavia patzelti are endemic species that speak to the biogeographic importance of SNP. Our results with additions from other published studies indicate the presence of 103 species of non-volant mammal, positioning it as the most diverse natural area in the Andes of Ecuador, and as the second most diverse of the tropical Andes.
Clinical Impact of Subsequent Depression in Patients With a New Diagnosis of Stable Angina
Authors: Szpakowski Natalie , Bennell Maria C. , Qiu Feng , Ko Dennis T. , Tu Jack V. , Kurdyak Paul , Wijeysundera Harindra C. 
Published: October 2016

Background—
Depression is prevalent among patients with myocardial infarction and is associated with a worse prognosis. However, little is known about its importance in patients with chronic stable angina. We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study to determine the occurrence and predictors of developing depression in patients with a new diagnosis of chronic stable angina. In addition, we sought to understand its impact on subsequent clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results—
Our cohort included patients in Ontario, Canada, with stable angina based on obstructive coronary artery disease found on angiogram. Depression was ascertained by physician billing codes and hospital admissions diagnostic codes. We first developed multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to determine predictors of developing depression. Clinical outcomes of interest included all-cause mortality, admission for myocardial infarction, and subsequent revascularization. Using hierarchical multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with occurrence of depression as a time-varying variable to control for potential immortal time bias, we evaluated the impact of depression on clinical outcomes. Our cohort consisted of 22 917 patients. The occurrence of depression after diagnosis of stable chronic angina was 18.8% over a mean follow-up of 1084 days. Predictors of depression included remote history of depression, female sex, and more symptomatic angina based on Canadian Cardiovascular Society class. Patients who developed depression had a higher risk of death (hazard ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.62–2.07) and admission for myocardial infarction (hazard ratio 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.67) compared with nondepressed patients.

Conclusions—
Depression is common in patients with chronic stable angina and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
DU NOMBRE DANS LA LANGUE CHINOISE : A PROPOS DE -MEN
Authors: Maury Félicité 
Published: October 2016

The grammatical category of number — unmarked singular vs marked plural — is lacking, right from its origin, in the Chinese language. Words used to indicate plurality can be already noticed, however, in documents prior to the Qin dynasty. Later, particles appear which play a similar role after personal pronouns and some nouns. -Men is one of them. Several hypotheses have been put forward about the origin of this suffix, which would date back to five centuries ago.
In modern Chinese, -men is used as a plural marker for personal pronouns, which can therefore be said to possess the grammatical category of number. Nouns behave quite differently. While a noun that is marked with -men must be interpreted as "plural", an unmarked noun can be interpreted as either "singular" or "plural". -Men can only be used after both animate and humain nouns that are generally definite and when an indefinite numbering operation is implied ; its presence seems to indicate totality.
The Chinese language has other means at its disposal to specify the number of nouns. Consequently, -men is not likely to be more widely used.
The diversity and evolution of locomotor muscle properties in anurans
Authors: Astley Henry C. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTAnuran jumping is a model system for linking muscle physiology to organismal performance. However, anuran species display substantial diversity in their locomotion, with some species performing powerful leaps from riverbanks or tree branches, while other species move predominantly via swimming, short hops or even diagonal-sequence gaits. Furthermore, many anurans with similar locomotion and morphology are actually convergent (e.g. multiple independent evolutions of ‘tree frogs’), while closely related species may differ drastically, as with the walking toad (Melanophryniscus stelzneri) and bullfrog-like river toad (Phrynoides aspera) compared with other Bufonid toads. These multiple independent evolutionary changes in locomotion allow us to test the hypothesis that evolutionary increases in locomotor performance will be linked to the evolution of faster, high-power muscles. I tested the jumping, swimming and walking (when applicable) performance of 14 species of anurans and one salamander, followed by measurement of the contractile properties of the semimembranosus and plantaris longus muscles and anatomical measurements, using phylogenetic comparative methods. I found that increased jumping performance correlated to muscle contractile properties associated with muscle speed (e.g. time to peak tetanus, maximum shortening speed, peak isotonic power), and was tightly linked to relevant anatomical traits (e.g. leg length, muscle mass). Swimming performance was not correlated to jumping, and was correlated with fewer anatomical and muscular variables. Thus, muscle properties evolve along with changes in anatomy to produce differences in overall locomotor performance.
Solution of Pattern Waves for Diffusive Fisher-like Non-linear Equations with Adaptive Methods
Authors: Owolabi Kolade M. , Patidar Kailash C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate some simple numerical methods for the solution of one-dimensional reaction–diffusion problems in biological context to study the rate of diffusivity, travelling wave patterns and mechanism of logistic growth in Fisher and Nagumo equations. Hitherto, most computations in the last decade have been restricted to lower order method due to the difficulty involved in the combination of non-linearity and stiffness. In this paper, we have adopted matrix formulation techniques based on finite difference scheme of order four for the spatial discretization of the partial differential equation. For the time evolution, fourth-order exponential time-differencing (ETD) Runge–Kutta method is considered. This method provides an order of magnitude improvement over its fourth-order counterparts such as fourth-order ETD method, fourth-order ETD method of Adam-type as well as fifth-order ETD and sixth-order ETD methods whose formulations are based on ETD techniques. Applicability and suitability of our approach is demonstrated with some numerical experiments and comparison is equally made with the existing software packages.
Editing a Discourse, Not a Text: Meta-Methodological Remarks on an Editorial Endeavour
Authors: Rockenberger Annika 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhereas in literary studies poststructuralist theory (e. g. deconstruction, discourse analysis, broad concepts of intertextuality, ›Death of the Author‹-claims and several versions of anti-intentionalism) has had – and still has – a massive impact on practices ofHowever, within my contribution I will outline an entirely different approach by asking the question: If we actually decided to give up on author-centricity in scholarly editing and radically rejected authors’ intentions as well as authors’ single or collected works as objects of textual scholarship, could the yet unrealized project of ›editing a discourse‹ or ›discourse edition‹ work as a complement, an extension, or a replacement of traditional editions?To make this clear: So far there is no such thing as a discourse edition, so I cannot give aOne of the underlying ideas of this article is to confront contemporary edition philology (textual scholarship) – which is oriented towards categories like author, work, or text – with a ›foil‹ for contrast specifically invented for the purpose to show quite plainly that those leading categories scholarly editorial work is based on are anything but self-evident and without any alternatives but in the end rather contingent (namely uponI designed a meta-philological thought experiment to exemplify exactly this and I will thereby reveal a discipline-specific methodological ›blindness‹, irritate seemingly unproblematic habitual ways of thinking and thus uncover a deficit of reasoning and self-reflection in the field. Basically, I will clarify some implicit (categorial and methodological) presuppositions of scholarly editing and thereby uncover some aspects of the (invisible) normative framework underlying editorial practices.Firstly, I will clarifySecondly, I will askWhen I will have shown that a discourse edition can actually beFinally, I will briefly consider the question of
DIGESTIBILITY OF SELECTED FEED INGREDIENTS FOR TIGER GROUPER, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
Authors: Usman Usman , Williams Kevin C. , Rimmer Mike A. 
Published: October 2016

<p>The apparent digestibility (AD) of eight feed ingredients are widely available in Indonesia was determined. In each of two 5x5 latin-square experimental, tiger grouper <em>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</em> juveniles (100—150 g) were fed a reference diet and four test diets in accordance with the latin-square design. Test feed ingredients were substituted at rates of 40% for animal meals or 30% for plant meals. Chromic oxide was used as the digestibility marker. In determining the ingredient AD, the substitution ratio was calculated as the proportion of the nutrient (or energy) contributed by the test ingredient on an ‘as-is’ basis. Digestibility tanks were steeply slope 200 L cylindroconical tanks with a bottom outlet to facilitate faecal collection, which was carried out at 3-hourly intervals throughout the day. Each collection period took 5—7 days with a similar acclimatization time between diets. A combined ANOVA of the data for both experimental showed no difference (P&gt;0.05) in the AD’s for each reference diets. Thus for comparative purpose, the derived AD’s of the test ingredients were analysed as a single ANOVA. The digestibility of animal meals was generally high (&gt;59% for dry matter, &gt;83% for protein, &gt;65% for lipid, and &gt;70 for gross energy) while that of plant meals was slow (&lt;53% for dry matter, &lt;53% for protein, &lt;66% for lipid, and &lt;46% for gross energy). This information will enable grow-out feeds for tiger grouper to be formulated on a least-cost digestible nutrient basis.</p>
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM-BASED MODELING AND ANALYSIS FOR SITE SELECTION OF GREEN MUSSEL, Perna viridis, MARICULTURE IN LADA BAY, PANDEGLANG, BANTEN PROVINCE
Authors: Radiarta I Nyoman , Albasri Hatim , Sudradjat Achmad 
Published: October 2016

Green mussel is one of important species cultured in Lada Bay, Pandeglang. To provide a necessary guidance regarding green mussel mariculture development, finding suitable site is an important step. This study was conducted to identify suitable site for green mussel mariculture development using geographic information system (GIS) based models. Seven important parameters were grouped into two submodels, namely environmental (water temperature, salinity, suspended solid, dissolve oxygen, and bathymetry) and infrastructural (distance to settlement and pond aquaculture). A constraint data was used to exclude the area from suitability maps that cannot be allowed to develop green mussel mariculture, including area of floating net fishing activity and area near electricity station. Analyses of factors and constraints indicated that about 31% of potential area with bottom depth less than 25 m had the most suitable area. This area was shown to have an ideal condition for green mussel mariculture in this study region. This study shows that GIS model is a powerful tool for site selection decision making. The tool can be a valuable tool in solving problems in local, regional, and/or continent areas.
FREQUENT MONITORING OF WATER TEMPERATURE IN PEGAMETAN BAY, BALI: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT TOWARDS MANAGEMENT OF MARINE AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Radiarta I Nyoman , Erlania Erlania , Sugama Ketut , Yudha Hirmawan Tirta , Wada Masaaki 
Published: October 2016

Aquaculture currently share for nearly half of the world’s food fish consumption, and continue to be the fastest-growing animal food producing sector. The viability of aquaculture operation has greatly been affected by the characteristic of marine environment. Inventory and monitoring of marine environment are necessary and can be done through information technology implementation. Frequent monitoring of water temperature, for almost one year observation, at four aquaculture sites in Pegametan Bay and Research and Development Institute for Mariculture was investigated. Water temperature data were obtained by using logger and buoy systems. These data were contrasted against marine fish mortality. On the other hand, the suitability of species requirements with the thermal conditions was evaluated by comparing temperature range to the optimum and lethal temperature information available on marine fish species of aquaculture interest. This research could be beneficial for enhancing productivity of marine aquaculture operation in terms of possible impact of climate change. It was also possible to find the ideal temperature range for culturing fish species, taking into account the variability associated with large-scale phenomena.
IKAN HIAS AIR TAWAR EKSPOR INDONESIA
Authors: Satyani Darti , Subamia I Wayan 
Published: October 2016

Spesies ikan hias air tawar dari Indonesia yang diekspor oleh para eksportir terutama dari daerah Jabodetabek sangat banyak. Pasar ekspor merupakan pasar terbesar untuk ikan hias Indonesia. Negara tujuan ekspor hampir ke seluruh dunia, mulai dari Eropa, Amerika, Australia, Jepang, Cina, Hongkong, Singapura bahkan Timur Tengah seperti Iran dan Arab Saudi. Nilai ekspor yang tercatat pada tahun 2000 masih sekitar 4 juta dollar namun tahun 2003 sudah mencapai sekitar 15 juta dollar US versi Badan Pengembangan Ekspor Nasional, dan tahun 2006 sudah dicapai 130 juta dollar US. Walaupun demikian menurut versi BPEN pula Indonesia baru mengisi 9% pasar di Eropa dan 6% ke Amerika, sementara Singapura mengisi 25% dan 30%-nya. Ikan ekspor ini terdiri atas spesies-spesies ikan yang berasal dari perairan Indonesia sendiri dan ikan introduksi dari perairan negara lain seperti Amerika Selatan, Afrika, dan AsiaTenggara lainnya. Produk didapatkan dari hasil tangkapan alam maupun dari hasil budidaya. Beberapa merupakan ikan yang di re-ekspor dari negara asal ke negara pengimpor. Data jenis ikan yang telah dibuat dalam bentuk tabulasi didasarkan dari asal ikan didapatkan dari list beberapa eksportir yang berada di daerah Jakarta, Bogor, Bekasi, dan Depok. Dari data tersebut ternyata ikan asli perairan Indonesia masih banyak yang diambil dari alam (tangkapan), dan ikan introduksi yang masuk dan dibudidayakan disini justru lebih banyak.