bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genes mirror migrations and cultures in prehistoric Europe – a population genomic perspective
Authors: Günther Torsten , Jakobsson Mattias 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGenomic information from ancient human remains is beginning to show its full potential for learning about human prehistory. We review the last few years' dramatic finds about European prehistory based on genomic data from humans that lived many millennia ago and relate it to modern-day patterns of genomic variation. The early times, the Upper Palaeolithic, appears to contain several population turn-overs followed by more stable populations after the Last Glacial Maximum and during the Mesolithic. Some 11,000 years ago the migrations driving the Neolithic transition start from around Anatolia and reach the north and the west of Europe millennia later followed by major migrations during the Bronze age. These findings show that culture and lifestyle were major determinants of genomic differentiation and similarity in pre-historic Europe rather than geography as is the case today.
Perpendicular axes of incipient speciation generated by mitochondrial introgression
Authors: Morales Hernán E. , Sunnucks Paul , Joseph Leo , Pavlova Alexandra 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDifferential introgression of mitochondrial versus nuclear DNA generates discordant patterns of geographic variation and can promote speciation. We examined a potential case of mitochondrial introgression leading to two perpendicular axes of differentiation. The Eastern Yellow Robin, a widespread Australian bird, shows a deep mitochondrial split that is perpendicular to north-south nuclear DNA and plumage colour differentiation. We proposed a scenario to explain this pattern: (1) the two nuclear and mitochondrial genomes differentiated in concert during north-south population divergence; (2) later, their histories disconnected after two mitochondrial introgression events resulting in a deep mitochondrial split perpendicular to the nuclear DNA structure. We tested this scenario by coalescent modelling of ten mitochondrial genes and 400 nuclear DNA loci. Initial mitochondrial and nuclear genome divergences were estimated to have occurred in the early Pleistocene, consistent with the proposed scenario. Subsequent climatic transitions may have driven later mitochondrial introgression. We reject neutral introgression and consider evidence consistent with adaptive mitochondrial introgression and selection against incompatible mitochondrial-nuclear combinations. This likely generated an axis of incipient speciation associated with mitochondrial differentiation in the face of nuclear gene flow, perpendicular to the initial north-south axis of incipient speciation (reflected in nuclear differentiation and colour variation).
Perceptions of care quality and the effect on patient satisfaction
Authors: Johnson Dana M. , Russell Roberta S. , White Sheneeta W. 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThis research models the impact of patient perceptions of care quality on overall patient satisfaction in a rural healthcare organization over a three-year time period. The purpose of this paper is to determine if the factors that influence perceptions of service quality change over time and if the change affects overall patient satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachData were collected for three fiscal years (2012-2014) using a 36-question, Likert-scaled attitudinal survey. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify which constructs of five different service quality dimensions were statistically significant in predicting overall patient satisfaction. Paired comparison of means and ANOVAF-tests highlighted significant differences across years and demographics.FindingsMultiple regression models of overall patient satisfaction over a three-year time period had significant repeat variables, indicating salience of the dimensions and constructs of service quality that predict patient satisfaction. However, some dimensions of service quality did not remain significant from one year to another, indicating there may be a gap in the patient service cycle over an extended time frame.Originality/valueThis paper explored the sequential relationship between patient satisfaction survey data and perceptions of service quality over a multi-year time frame. The research focussed on outpatient medical clinics, while the majority of previous studies have focussed on acute care or inpatient stays. A longitudinal study is especially relevant for outpatient clinics where continuity of care is important.
Safety improvements from health lean management implementation
Authors: Crema Maria , Verbano Chiara 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
In a context where healthcare systems have to face multiple challenges, the development of a methodology that combines new managerial approaches could contribute to pursue and achieve multiple objectives. Inside the research stream that intends to combine health lean management (HLM) and clinical risk management (CRM), the purpose of this paper is to study the significant features that characterize HLM projects obtaining patient safety improvements (L&S projects).

Design/methodology/approach
The novelty of the research implies to adopt qualitative research methodology, analyzing in-depth case studies. L&S projects at different organizational levels have been selected from the same hospital. Following a research protocol, data have been collected through semi-structured interviews and they have been triangulated studying reports and archival documentation.

Findings
Comparing the three cases, it emerges that HLM can be a support for CRM since safety improvements can be achieved solving organizational issues. Analyzing the significant features of the three cases, relevant differences have been highlighted among them. At the end, first indications useful for achieving safety improvements from lean project implementation have been grasped.

Originality/value
This research provides a preliminary contribution to a new research stream that aims to develop a synergic methodology combining HLM and CRM. The first provided indications can be followed by hospital managers who wish to learn how to implement projects achieving patient safety improvements besides efficiency enhancement. After testing and exploiting the obtained results, a new methodology should be developed moving toward a safer and more sustainable healthcare system.
Between two stools: occupational injuries and risk factors for temporary agency workers
Authors: Håkansson Kristina , Isidorsson Tommy 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
Research shows that the risk of work-related disorders is higher among temporary agency workers than among other employees. The purpose of this paper is to describe the working conditions of temporary agency workers and explains which factors contribute towards work-related disorders for this group.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on a survey responded to by 482 agency workers in Sweden. The dependent variable is the prevalence of work-related disorders. Independent variables include personal characteristics, job characteristics, employment characteristics and temporary agency work characteristics.

Findings
The study indicates several risk factors: holding a position as a blue-collar worker; being assigned to more physically demanding work tasks and having fewer opportunities to learn new things than client organization employees; lacking training for work tasks; and lacking clarity regarding which work tasks to do during an assignment.

Originality/value
The theoretical implications of this study are related to the dual employment-management relationship in temporary agency work where the temporary work agency and client organization follow different logics. The logic in the employment relationship is to contract temporary agency workers out to client organizations, thus there is no time for formal training. The logic in the management relationship lies in making temporary agency workers profitable as soon as possible, encouraging shortcuts in training and instruction; thus, temporary agency workers risk being left with a lack of clarity regarding what to do and how to do it.
An interview with Dr Barry Fishman: rethinking higher education
Authors: Jacques Lorraine A. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to share a discussion with Dr Barry Fishman, University of Michigan, concerning how to use technology to improve the learning experience of students in higher education.

Design/methodology/approach
This article summarizes an interview with Dr Fishman conducted in December 2015.

Findings
Massive open online courses, personalized learning and changes in how we assess student learning are all opportunities that Fishman believes can improve both student outcomes and intrinsic motivation.

Originality/value
Changes in technology can enable researchers and educators easier access to implementing various learning environments.
Learning by design: teacher pioneers
Authors: Williams-Pierce Caroline , Swartz Theodore F. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
This purpose of this paper is to introduce innovative ways to design, develop and implement original learning experiences, by defining certain design elements with illustrative vignettes from the classrooms of teacher pioneers.

Design/methodology/approach
A new rubric of design elements is presented that synthesizes and illustrates theoretical and empirical research.

Findings
Teacher pioneers implement instructional design elements in a manner that supports the subordination of teaching to learning in their classrooms.

Practical implications
The rubric organizes criteria to design, implement, analyze and evaluate the extent to which instructional resources and approaches, at all levels and in all content areas, are likely to foster learners’ independence, autonomy and responsibility.

Originality/value
This paper provides a useful, concise and clearly explained rubric of design elements that, when most effectively implemented, can prepare students to meet, with enthusiasm and confidence, whatever comes their way.
Changes in geophysical properties caused by fluid injection into porous rocks: analytical models
Authors: Pride Steven R. , Berryman James G. , Commer Michael , Nakagawa Seiji , Newman Gregory A. , Vasco Donald W. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAnalytical models are provided that describe how the elastic compliance, electrical conductivity, and fluid‐flow permeability of rocks depend on stress and fluid pressure. In order to explain published laboratory data on how seismic velocities and electrical conductivity vary in sandstones and granites, the models require a population of cracks to be present in a possibly porous host phase. The central objective is to obtain a consistent mean‐field analytical model that shows how each modeled rock property depends on the nature of the crack population. The crack populations are described by a crack density, a probability distribution for the crack apertures and radii, and the averaged orientation of the cracks. The possibly anisotropic nature of the elasticity, conductivity, and permeability tensors is allowed for; however, only the isotropic limit is used when comparing to laboratory data. For the transport properties of conductivity and permeability, the percolation effect of the crack population linking up to form a connected path across a sample is modeled. However, this effect is important only in crystalline rock where the host phase has very small conductivity and permeability. In general, the importance of the crack population to the transport properties increases as the host phase becomes less conductive and less permeable.
Interventions to improve physical activity during pregnancy: a systematic review on issues of internal and external validity using the RE‐AIM framework
Authors: Craike M , Hill B , Gaskin CJ , Skouteris H 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) during pregnancy has significant health benefits for the mother and her child; however, many women reduce their activity levels during pregnancy and most are not sufficiently active. Given the important health benefits of PA during pregnancy, evidence that supports research translation is vital.ObjectivesTo determine the extent to which physical activity interventions for pregnant women report on internal and external validity factors using the RE‐AIM framework (reach, efficacy/effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance).Search strategyTen databases were searched up to 1 June 2015. Eligible published papers and unpublished/grey literature were identified using relevant search terms.Selection criteriaStudies had to report on physical activity interventions during pregnancy, including measures of physical activity during pregnancy at baseline and at least one point post‐intervention. Randomised controlled trials and quasi‐experimental studies that had a comparator group were included.Data collection and analysisReporting of RE‐AIM dimensions were summarised and synthesised across studies.Main resultsThe reach (72.1%) and efficacy/effectiveness (71.8%) dimensions were commonly reported; however, the implementation (28.9%) and adoption (23.2%) dimensions were less commonly reported and no studies reported on maintenance.ConclusionsThis review highlights the under‐reporting of issues of contextual factors in studies of physical activity during pregnancy. The translation of physical activity interventions during pregnancy could be improved through reporting of representativeness of participants, clearer reporting of outcomes, more detail on the setting and staff who deliver interventions, costing of interventions and the inclusion of process evaluations and qualitative data.Tweetable abstractThe systematic review highlights the under‐reporting of contextual factors in studies of physical activity during pregnancy.
DNA methylation of tumor necrosis factor‐α, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and adiponectin genes in visceral adipose tissue is related to type 2 diabetes in the Xinjiang Uygur population
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Cuizhe , Ha Xiaodan , Li Wei , Xu Peng , Gu Yajuan , Wang Tingting , Wang Yan , Xie Jianxin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe higher probability of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Uygur population is due to a greater waist:  hip ratio and visceral fat. This study investigated DNA methylation of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP1), and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) in visceral adipose tissue in T2DM.MethodsVisceral adipose tissue was collected from Uygur individuals and divided into normal control (NC; n = 50), obese (Ob; n = 48), and T2DM (n = 26) groups. Expression of TNF, ADIPOQ, and MCP1 mRNA and DNA methylation status were quantified by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and denaturing HPLC.ResultsThe respective methylation‐positive rate for ADIPOQ increased gradually from the NC to Ob to T2DM groups (34.0 %, 47.9 %, and 65.4 %; P < 0.05), decreased gradually for TNF (70.0 %, 47.9 %, and 26.9 %; P < 0.01), and did not differ significantly for MCP1 (0 %, 2.08 %, and 0 %). Compared with the NC group, ADIPOQ mRNA expression was significantly lower in the Ob and T2DM groups (median 0.7162 vs 0.4244 and 0.4093, respectively; P < 0.05), whereas TNF and MCP1 expression was significantly higher (median TNF expression: 0.0250 vs 0.1096 and 0.0734 respectively; median MCP1 expression 0.1588 vs 0.1937 and 0.1983, respectively; P < 0.05 for all). Expression of ADIPOQ and TNF was significantly lower in methylation‐negative (median 0.7870 and 0.1988, respectively) than methylation‐positive (median 0.2700 and 0.0542, respectively) groups (P < 0.01).ConclusionsLower ADIPOQ and higher TNF and MCP1 mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue may be correlated with obesity and T2DM in the Uygur population. Promoter DNA methylation affects expression of ADIPOQ and TNF.
Local and landscape drivers of arthropod diversity and decomposition processes in oil palm leaf axils
Authors: Ganser Dominik , Denmead Lisa H. , Clough Yann , Buchori Damayanti , Tscharntke Teja 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Oil palm expansion results in a loss of biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. However, there are factors that influence the severity of these impacts and enhancing biodiversity within plantations is important.
In the present study, we examined the role of epiphytes for supporting arthropod communities in oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. We considered the effects of landscape context and local characteristics (epiphyte cover, herbicide use and local microclimate) on arthropod communities and litter decomposition in oil palm leaf axils. We surveyed arthropods and measured decomposition rates at two different heights on 80 oil palms located at the centre and edge of eight plantations.
We found that oil palms at the edge of plantations hosted a higher abundance and more arthropod taxa than oil palms in the centre of plantations. Moreover, organic matter mass and height of the leaf axil were important for arthropod communities, and the decomposition rate was negatively related to ant abundance. However, epiphyte cover did not influence arthropod communities.
The results of the present study show that leaf axils with more organic matter and at a higher location on the oil palm promote arthropod biodiversity. Furthermore, oil palm plantations adjacent to different land‐use systems have enhanced biodiversity.
HIV encephalopathy with bilateral lower limb spasticity: upper limb motor function and level of activity and participation
Authors: Mann Theresa N , Donald Kirsten A , Laughton Barbara , Lamberts Robert P , Langerak Nelleke G 
Published: August 2016

AimTo describe upper limb motor function and level of activity and participation in children with HIV encephalopathy (HIVE) and bilateral lower limb (BLL) spasticity.MethodThirty ambulant children with HIVE and BLL spasticity and 20 typically developing children, between 5 years and 12 years, were recruited. Upper limb motor function was assessed using the Purdue Pegboard and level of activity and participation using the Computer‐Adapted Pediatric Evaluation of Disabilities Inventory (PEDI‐CAT).ResultsThe HIVE group comprised 14 males and 16 females (mean age [SD] 8y 8mo [2y 2mo], Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level I [n=10], II [n=11], and III [n=9]) and the typically developing group comprised 11 males and 9 females (mean age 8y 8mo [2y 3mo]). The HIVE group had lower scores than the typically developing group for all pegboard tasks and three of the four PEDI‐CAT domains (p≤0.001). However, individual outcome scores varied substantially within each GMFCS level.InterpretationChildren with HIVE and BLL spasticity may have significantly poorer upper limb motor performance and lower levels of activity and participation than typically developing children. These findings suggest that an assessment of upper limb motor function should form part of optimal care for this population.
Estimation of production and long‐term changes in the population of European eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) in an Irish lake
Authors: MacNamara Ruairí , McCarthy T. Kieran , Barry James 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMonitoring of yellow‐phase and silver‐phase Anguilla anguilla during their continental life history is necessary for evaluation of stock recovery measures. Eel population data for an Irish lake (Lough Sheelin) were compiled for the period 1993–2014. Catch data from 2009 to 2014 provided minimum estimates of recent silver eel production ranging annually from 0.79 to 1.84 kg/ha. Long‐term changes in yellow eel abundance and silver eel size structure were assessed as part of a fishery monitoring programme. Yellow eel catch per unit effort (CPUE) in the lake (from longline surveys) was considerably higher in the 1990s (52.2–62.1 eels/100 hooks) than 2002–2008 (1.9–15.8 eels/100 hooks). Conversely, during 1993–2014, the mean size of silver eels migrating from the lake increased significantly (p < .001), from 659 mm to 838 mm. The results suggest that in the absence of direct yellow eel abundance data, interannual variation in silver eel size structure may be a useful monitoring tool for local eel stocks as part of Eel Management Plans (EMP's).
The efficacy of electrical stimulation in lower extremity cutaneous wound healing: A systematic review
Authors: Ashrafi Mohammed , Alonso‐Rasgado Teresa , Baguneid Mohamed , Bayat Ardeshir 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCurrent gold standard lower extremity cutaneous wound management is not always effective. Cutaneous wounds generate a “current of injury” which is directly involved in wound healing processes. Application of exogenous electrical stimulation has been hypothesised to imitate the natural electric current that occurs in cutaneous wounds. The aim of this extensive review was to provide a detailed update on the variety of electrical stimulation modalities used in the management of lower extremity wounds. Several different waveforms and delivery methods of electrical stimulation have been used. Pulsed current appears superior to other electrical modalities available. The majority of studies support the beneficial effects of pulsed current over conservative management of lower extremity cutaneous wounds. Although it appears to have no benefit over causal surgical intervention, it is a treatment option which could be utilised in those patients unsuitable for surgery. Other waveforms and modalities appear promising; however, they still lack large trial data to recommend a firm conclusion with regards to their use. Current studies also vary in quantity, quality and protocol across the different modalities. The ideal electrical stimulation device needs to be non‐invasive, portable and cost‐effective and provides minimal interference with patients’ daily life. Further studies are necessary to establish the ideal electrical stimulation modality, parameters, method of delivery and duration of treatment. The development and implementation of newer devices in the management of acute and chronic wounds provides an exciting direction in the field of electrotherapy.