bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF 1,1‐DIBROMO‐1‐STANNACYCLOHEXANE
Authors: SHIRYAEV V. I. , STEPINA E. M. , KOCHERGIN V. P. , KUPTSOVA T. S. , MIRONOV V. F. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract1,5‐Dibrom‐pentan (I) reagiert mit Zinnpulver und mit Iod und Piperidin als Katalysatoren zum Dibromstanna‐cyclohexan (II).
ChemInform Abstract: NICKEL(II) COMPLEXES OF QUINQUEDENTATE MACROCYCLIC LIGANDS AND THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF THE RING‐OPENED HYDROLYSIS PRODUCT (11‐(6‐ACETYL‐2‐PYRIDYL)‐3,7,10‐TRIAZADODEC‐10‐ENYLAMINE‐NN′N′′N′′′N′′′′‐AQUANICKEL(II) DIPERCHLORATE
Authors: CAIRNS C. , MCFALL S. G. , NELSON S. M. , DREW M. G. B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDa Nickel im Gegensatz zu verschiedenen anderen Metallionen unwirksam als Templat für die cyclische Kondensation von 2,6‐Diacetylpyridin mit Tetraminen zur Darstellung fünfzähniger makrocyclischer Liganden ist, wurde der Ni‐Komplex (IIa) durch Metallaustausch aus (I) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THREE COORDINATE MONO‐, BIS‐, AND TRIS‐OLEFIN COMPLEXES OF PLATINUM WITH DIMETHYL OR DIETHYL FUMARATE, DIMETHYL MALEATE, OR MALEIC ANHYDRIDE LIGANDS
Authors: CHICOTE M. T. , GREEN M. , SPENCER J. L. , STONE F. G. A. , VICENTE J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Pt‐Komplex (II) reagiert mit Dimethyl‐ oder Diethylfumarat oder Maleinsäureanhydrid zu den Komplexen (Ia‐c).
ChemInform Abstract: INTERPHASE 0‐ALKYLATION OF DERIVATIVES OF MONOSACCHARIDES
Authors: ZHDANOV YU. A. , ALEKSEEV YU. E. , DOROSHENKO S. S. , SUDAREVA T. P. , BOGDANOVA G. V. , ALEKSEEVA V. G. , TYUMENEV V. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei dem im Titel genannten Verfahren besteht das Reaktionsmedium aus einer organischen(benzolischen) Schicht, die das Substrat (hier Monosaccharide mit Di‐O‐cyclohexylidenresten) und einen dreifachen Überschuß an Alkylierungsmitteln wie Dimethylsulfat enthält.
ChemInform Abstract: AZIDE‐ AND DIAZIDE‐DERIVATIVES OF ARABINONUCLEOSIDES
Authors: UNGER F. M. , CHRISTIAN R. , WALDSTAETTEN P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Diazid (Ia) wird zu (Ib) substituiert und der Acetolyse zu den Isomeren (II) unterworfen, aus denen das Chlorid (III) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2,2‐TRIBROMOETHYL 2‐CHLORO‐4‐TERT‐BUTYLPHENYL PHOSPHOROCHLORIDATE: A CONVENIENT PHOSPHORYLATING AGENT FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF DNA FRAGMENTS BY THE PHOSPHOTRIESTER APPROACH
Authors: ARENTZEN R. , VAN BOECKEL C. A. A. , VAN DER MAREL G. , VAN BOOM J. H. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract2‐Chlor‐4‐t‐butylphenol (I) wird mit Phosphoroxychlorid in Gegenwart von 5‐Chlor‐1‐ethyl‐2‐methylimidazol (II) in 1. Stufe zu (III) und mit 2,2,2‐Tribrom‐ methanol (IV) in 2. Stufe zu (V) verestert.
ChemInform Abstract: MEASURING THE PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION IN DEPOSITED PHOSPHOSILICATE FILMS
Authors: ADAMS A. C. , MURARKA S. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSieben Methoden zur Messung der Phosphorkonzentration in Phosphosilicatglasbeschichtungen (chemische Analyse, Elektronenmikrosonde, Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse, IR‐Absorption, Ätzgeschwindigkeitsänderungen, Flächenwiderstandsänderungen nach Diffusionsbehandlung sowie eine erstmals erwähnte Methode auf der Grundlage der Veränderungen des Brechungsindex) werden vergleichend untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2‐THIOXO‐4‐THIAZOLIDINONES
Authors: DANILA G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReview: Aufführung in der Literatur (32 Literaturstellen) bekannter Herstellungsmethoden für die besonders pharmakologisch interessierenden 2‐Thiono‐thiazolid‐4‐one (I).
Electrophysiological Measurement of Cannabinoid‐Mediated Synaptic Modulation in Acute Mouse Brain Slices
Authors: Báldi Rita , Ghosh Dipanwita , Grueter Brad A. , Patel Sachin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEndocannabinoids (eCBs) are a class of bioactive lipids that mediate retrograde synaptic modulation at central and peripheral synapses. The highly lipophilic nature of eCBs and the pharmacological tools available to interrogate this system require unique methodological consideration, especially when applied to ex vivo systems such as electrophysiological analysis in acute brain slices. This unit provides protocols for measuring cannabinoid and eCB‐mediated synaptic signaling in mouse brain slices, including analysis of short‐term, long‐term, and tonic eCB signaling modes, and the unique considerations for working with eCBs and TRPV1/cannabinoid ligands in acute brain slices. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A paradoxical mismatch between interspecific pollinator moves and heterospecific pollen receipt in a natural community
Authors: Fang Qiang , Huang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPollinators visiting multiple plant species may cause heterospecific pollen transfer (HPT). To test a null model that more pollinator interspecific moves result in higher HPT among interacting species, we quantified the comparative magnitudes of the two networks involving 14 co‐flowering species in an alpine meadow in the eastern Himalaya, southwest China. Interspecific moves accounted for 4% of the total visits,whereas heterospecific pollen constituted 22% of the total stigmatic pollen loads. On average, plant species received interspecific moves and HPT from 6.9 and 9.7 other species, respectively. Although the two networks were largely concordant, 21.6% of interspecific move links were not correspondingly linked by HPT, and 44.1% of heterospecific pollen transfer links were not linked by moves. Plant species with more outgoing pollinator moves tended to disperse more of their own pollen to others, as expected. Surprisingly, our data reveal that plant species which received more pollinator moves from other species tended to receive less HP, implying that only species with low acceptance of HP were likely to permit frequent pollinator moves. These new findings unveil a paradoxical relation between pollinator interspecific moves and HP receipt, suggesting an adaptive strategy of co‐flowering species that reduces deleterious effects of HPT.
Potential risks to freshwater aquatic organisms following a silvicultural application of herbicides in Oregon's Coast Range
Authors: Louch Jeff , Tatum Vickie , Allen Ginny , Hale V Cody , McDonnell Jeffrey , Danehy Robert J , Ice George 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), imazapyr, sulfometuron methyl (SMM), and metsulfuron methyl (MSM) were measured in streamwater collected during and after a routine application of herbicides to a forestry site in Oregon's Coast Range. Samples were collected at 3 stations: HIGH at the fish-no-fish interface in the middle of the harvest and spray unit, MID at the bottom of the unit, and LOW downstream of the unit. All herbicides were applied by helicopter in a single tank mix. AMPA, imazapyr, SMM, and MSM were not detected (ND) in any sample at 15, 600, 500, and 1000 ng/L, respectively. A pulse of glyphosate peaking at approximately equal to 62 ng/L manifested at HIGH during the application. Glyphosate pulses peaking at 115 ng/L (MID) and 42 ng/L (HIGH) were found during the first 2 postapplication storm events 8 and 10 days after treatment (DAT), respectively: glyphosate was less than 20 ng/L (ND) at all stations during all subsequent storm events. All glyphosate pulses were short-lived (4–12 h). Glyphosate in baseflow was approximately equal to 25 ng/L at all stations 3 DAT and was still approximately equal to 25 ng/L at HIGH, but ND at the other stations, 8 DAT: subsequently, glyphosate was ND in baseflow at all stations. Aquatic organisms were subjected to multiple short-duration, low-concentration glyphosate pulses corresponding to a cumulative time-weighted average (TWA) exposure of 6634 ng/L × h. Comparisons to TWA exposures associated with a range of toxicological endpoints for sensitive aquatic organisms suggests a margin of safety exceeding 100 at the experimental site, with the only potential exception resulting from the ability of fish to detect glyphosate via olfaction. For imazapyr, SMM, and MSM the NDs were at concentrations low enough to rule out effects on all organisms other than aquatic plants, and the low concentration and (assumed) pulsed nature of any exposure should mitigate this potential. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:396–409. © 2016 SETAC

Key Points
A unique data set of measured herbicide concentrations reflecting modern forestry practices is presented. Measured concentrations are compared to results from other field studies to illustrate that application-specific factors drive delivery of herbicides to streamwater, and modeled estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) are not always relevant. Measured concentrations are used to estimate time-weighted average (TWA) exposure concentrations and illustrate the potential value of TWA exposure concentrations as a means of characterizing relative risk and/or risks to aquatic organisms.
Automatic segmentation of cerebral hemispheres in MR human head scans
Authors: Kalavathi P. , Surya Prasath V. B. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTAutomatic segmentation of cerebral hemispheres in magnetic resonance (MR) brain images help to quantify the brain asymmetry and correct several MR brain deformities. The detection of mid‐sagittal plane (MSP) in human brain image is necessary to segment the hemispheres for both operator‐based and automated brain image asymmetric analysis. In this article, a computationally simple and accurate technique to detect MSP in MRI human head scans using curve fitting is developed. The left and right hemispheres are segmented based on the detected MSP. The accuracy of the MSP is evaluated by comparing the segmented left and right hemispheres against the manually segmented ones. Experimental results using 78 volumes of T1, T2 and PD‐weighted MRI brain images show that the proposed method has accurately segmented the cerebral hemispheres based on the detected MSP in axial and coronal orientations of normal and pathological brain images.
Stereoscopic 3D objects evoke stronger saliency for nonverbal working memory: An fMRI study
Authors: Park Jang‐Woo , Kim Yang‐Tae , Yun Byoung‐Ju , Jin Sung‐Uk , Lee Sang‐Hoon , Ahn Shi‐Hyun , Min Yusun , Jung Tae‐Du , Lee Hui Joong , Chang Yongmin 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTEffective working memory (WM) training is often desired to improve WM. Recent studies have suggested that WM training is more successful when participants monitor scenes in three‐dimensional (3D) environments. Although previous neuroimaging studies have examined visuospatial WM in relation to a 3D scene or object, these studies did not investigate WM using stereoscopic 3D object stimuli. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify brain activation during an N‐back task with 3D object stimuli, and determined the difference in activation pattern between stereoscopic versus shaded 3D objects. We found that the anterior insula, ventral striatum, and posterior orbitofrontal cortex showed greater activation during the 2‐back task with stereoscopic 3D objects than with shaded 3D objects. These regions have previously been associated with a salience network.
Synthesis of geranyl cinnamate by lipase‐catalyzed reaction and its evaluation as an antimicrobial agent
Authors: Zanetti Micheli , Carniel Thaís Karoline , Valério Alexsandra , Oliveira J Vladimir de , Oliveira Débora de , Araújo Pedro HH de , Riella Humberto Gracher , Fiori Marcio Antônio 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDEssential oils are complex mixtures of a variety of volatile molecules which can easily be decomposed depending on the industrial application. Geraniol is a terpene alcohol found in many essential oils from aromatic plants and its antimicrobial property increases its use as an important additive for the food industry.RESULTSThrough experimental design 75% of geranyl cinnamate was obtained under reaction conditions of 70 °C, 15 wt% of immobilized C. antarctica NS88011, and 3:1 geraniol to cinnamic acid molar ratio. Kinetic assay showed it was possible to improve the enzymatic esterification reaction (97%) under reaction conditions of 80 °C, 20 wt% of immobilized NS88011 lipase and 5:1 geraniol to cinnamic acid molar ratio. The antimicrobial activity of the geranyl cinnamate ester was tested on bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and agar diffusion and the compound showed excellent antimicrobial activity for the two bacteria, with a bactericidal effect.CONCLUSIONThe results showed the promise of a technique to overcome the well‐known drawbacks of the chemical‐catalyzed route to obtain a high‐value compound. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis in a patient with melanoma treated with pembrolizumab
Authors: Lau K. H. Vincent , Kumar Aditya , Yang Irene Hwa , Nowak Richard J. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: While anticancer immunotherapies have traditionally focused on activation of the immune system, there is recent interest in disinhibition of the natural antitumor immune response by targeting immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte associated antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) and programmed death‐1 (PD‐1). One humanized monoclonal antibody against PD‐1, pembrolizumab, was recently approved for treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. Methods: We report exacerbation of myasthenia gravis (MG) after treatment with pembrolizumab and provide a brief literature review. Results: We describe a 75‐year‐old man with stable MG who experienced myasthenic crisis in the setting of pembrolizumab treatment. A concurrent azathioprine taper was a possible although unlikely contributor given the short time interval between taper and exacerbation. Conclusions: As long‐term data become available regarding the adverse immune effects of novel checkpoint inhibitors, clinicians should be mindful of their risks/benefits and of possible autoimmune disease exacerbation. Muscle Nerve 54: 157–161, 2016
Delamination growth in composite laminates of variable stiffness
Authors: Yazdani Saleh , Rust Wilhelm J. H. , Wriggers Peter 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe production of new composite laminates with variable stiffness within the surface of plies was enabled by tow‐placement machines. Because of the variation of stiffness, these materials are called variable stiffness composite laminates (VSCL). Recently, many attempts were made to investigate their structural behaviour. In this contribution, a first‐order shear deformation theory is selected to model the multilayered composite laminates. The adopted theory is enhanced by the extended finite element method (XFEM) to describe discontinuities at element level of any interface of interest. To predict the location of the delamination onset, a traction–separation law is developed that is consistent with the XFEM topology. An exponential softening behaviour is implemented within the interface to model the delamination growth in a mixed‐mode direction. In order to solve the non‐linear equations of the delamination propagation, an arc‐length method is applied. The effect of the curvilinear fibre orientation on the location of the delamination onset is investigated. Subsequently, the structural response of the laminates is computed. According to the simplicity of the new approach using the XFEM; and based on the computational cost for calculating the stiffness of VSCL, the method is able to determine structural response of VSCL with less computational effort. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexural strengthening and repair of RC slabs by adding a new RC layer
Authors: Aykac Sabahattin , Kalkan Ilker , Tankut Tugrul 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe present paper summarizes the findings of an experimental programme to investigate a strengthening/repair technique through the introduction of a new RC layer to an existing slab. Six RC slabs, composed of twelve cantilever and six interior spans, were tested under monotonic transverse loading. The behaviour of statically determinate cantilever spans and indeterminate interior spans was examined by comparing the test results of these specimens to the results of reference slabs, in which the existing and additional layers were cast monolithically. The influences of recovering the permanent slab deformation before repair and the spacing of the shear connectors between the existing and additional layers were investigated. The tests indicated that recovering the permanent deformations of a slab before repair substantially reduces its rigidity while having little influence on the ultimate load. Furthermore, debonding of the reinforcement was observed to considerably decrease the load capacities and rigidities of the slabs.
The monitored and theoretical ultimate moment and ductility of pre‐tensioned HSSCC bridge girders
Authors: Maghsoudi Mohammad , Maghsoudi Aliakbar , Heshmati Arash Ali 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSelf‐compacting concrete (SCC) is defined as highly flowable and non‐segregating concrete that does not require mechanical ‐vibration during application. Load testing of bridge girders was investigated on full scale T‐beams of pre‐tensioned high strength self‐compacting concrete (PHSSCC). The girders were monitored by fixing different types of sensors at different locations.The results of ultimate moment are compared to evaluate if such girders can be designed using AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Specifications; AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (STD) and the PCI Bridge Design Manual are intended for structures constructed using conventional (non‐vibrated) concrete. It is concluded that good agreement in results exists for the two methods.Investigations (theoretical and experimental) are needed on the issue of ductility in structural prestressed elements constructed in seismic zones or even, the issue of high strength in SCC. These have also been studied here, with the conclusion that ‐suitable ductility for this type of structure, as would be needed in seismic regions, can be achieved.
Chromosomal microarray analysis in fetuses with aberrant right subclavian artery
Authors: Maya I. , Kahana S. , Yeshaya J. , Tenne T. , Yacobson S. , Agmon‐Fishman I. , Cohen‐Vig L. , Levi A. , Reinstein E. , Basel‐Vanagaite L. , Sharony R. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the association between aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA), with or without additional risk factors for aneuploidy or ultrasound abnormality, and results of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA).MethodsThis was a multicenter study of fetuses diagnosed with ARSA that underwent genetic analysis by CMA, all samples being analyzed in the same laboratory. Clinical investigation included nuchal translucency measurement, first‐ and second‐trimester maternal serum screening, early and late second‐trimester fetal anatomy scans and fetal echocardiography. Comparative genomic hybridization microarray analysis or single‐nucleotide polymorphism array technology was used for CMA of DNA samples obtained from amniotic fluid.ResultsCMA results were available for 63 fetuses with ARSA. In 36 fetuses, ARSA was an isolated finding, and no pathogenic variant was found. Additional ultrasound findings and/or risk factors for aneuploidy were present in 27 fetuses, five of which had pathogenic CMA results. Of these five, trisomy 21 was detected in a fetus with echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF), 22q11 deletion was detected in a fetus with EIF and an increased risk of trisomy 21 of 1:230 from maternal serum screening, 22q11 duplication was detected in a fetus with hypoplastic right kidney and choroid plexus cyst and 22q11 deletion was detected in a fetus with right aortic arch and clubfoot. The fifth fetus had increased nuchal translucency thickness (4 mm) and a ventricular septal defect, and CMA identified both 22q11 deletion and 1q21 duplication.ConclusionsIn fetuses with isolated ARSA, an invasive procedure for CMA is not indicated. However, CMA is recommended when additional ultrasound abnormalities or risk factors for aneuploidy are observed. The chromosomal findings in four of the five cases with an abnormal CMA result in our study would not have been detected by standard fetal chromosomal testing. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Performance Enhancement of Centrifugal Compressors Utilizing Impeller Tip Injection
Authors: Taghavi-Zenouz R. , Solki E. , Afshari H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEffects of air injection on a centrifugal compressor performance are studied numerically and results are presented in this paper. Flow field is simulated based on solution of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations utilizing the well-known k-ε turbulence modeling. To find optimum arrangement of the air injectors, including their numbers, positions and setting angles and also their mass flow rates, 10 different cases were proposed in this investigation. Results of velocity and pressure fields and streamlines patterns on various blade-to-blade and streamwise planes provided necessary data for analyses and discussions. These results revealed that a proper air tip injection can weaken the tip leakage flow strength and alleviate the blockages to the main stream near the casing. Hence, this technique can be used to extend the stable operating range of the compressor and delay the probable stall commencement. In addition, compressor can produce higher pressure ratios in cases of proper injections in comparison to no-injection case. Optimum injection configuration improved the stall margin of the proposed compressor by nearly 15.8%. Numerical results for no-injection case were compared with those of the authors own experimental works carried out on a proper test rig, which showed close agreement.
Feeding preferences and functional responses ofCalathus granatensisandPterostichus globosus(Coleoptera: Carabidae) on pupae ofBactrocera oleae(Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Dinis A.M. , Pereira J.A. , Benhadi-Marín J. , Santos S.A.P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCarabid beetles are important predators in agricultural landscapes feeding on a range of prey items. However, their role as predators of the olive fruit fly,Bactrocera oleae(Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), one of the most serious pests of olives, is unknown. In this context, the feeding preferences and the functional responses of two carabid beetle species,Calathus granatensis(Vuillefroy) andPterostichus globosus(Fabricius), were studied under laboratory conditions. Feeding preference assays involved exposing carabid beetles to different ratios ofB. oleaepupae and an alternative prey, the Mediterranean fruit fly,Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann). Both species fed onB. oleaepupae however,C. granatensisalways showed a significant preference for that prey whereasP. globosusswitched toC. capitatapupae when the offered ratio was below 0.5. The total prey biomass consumed was significantly higher forP. globosusthan forC. granatensis. Functional response curves were estimated based on different densities ofB. oleaepupae and both carabid beetle species exhibited a type II functional response using Rogers’ random-predator equation.P. globosusshowed shorter handling time (1.223 ± 0.118 h) onB. oleaepupae thanC. granatensis(3.230 ± 0.627 h). Our results suggest that both species can be important in reducing the densities ofB. oleaein olive groves, althoughP. globosuswas more efficient thanC. granatensis.