bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
As necessidades de cuidado do cliente oncológico hospitalizado: aplicação da taxonomia nanda Care needs of hospitalized cancer patients: application of nanda taxonomy
Authors: Velloso de Brito Karen Christine de Faria , Souza Sonia Regina de 
Published: April 2017

OBJETIVOS: Identificar as necessidades de cuidado do cliente oncológico e correlacionar essas necessidades com os domínios da taxonomia NANDA. MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo realizado nas enfermarias clínicas de internação de adultos de um hospital universitario do Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizadas 7 entrevistas e analisadas através do método de análise temática. RESULTADOS: As entrevistas apontaram que os clientes oncológicos possuem seu padrão de sono, nutrição e eliminações alterados durante a hospitalização. Também foi evidenciado a esperança na cura, a crença e o apoio da familia e amigos influenciando no processo de enfrentamento da doença. Nas entrevistas foram apontadas duas dimensões da Enfermagem: A Enfermagem relacionada a técnicas e procedimentos, e a Enfermagem relacionada à comunicação terapêutica. CONCLUSÃO: Identificar as necessidades de cuidado de Enfermagem desses clientes significa observá-lo por completo, enxergar além da patologia, visualizar um ser que possui crenças, valores, capacidade de enfrentamento e um forte apoio de familiares e amigos. DESCRITORES: Enfermagem oncológica, Determinação das necessidades de cuidado, Planejamento de assistência ao paciente.
A enfermagem na urgência e emergência: entre o prazer e o sofrimento Nursing in urgency and emergency: between the pleasure and suffering
Authors: Kolhs Marta , Olschowsky Agnes , Barreta Natana Lais , Schimerfening Janice , Vargas Raquel Pires , Busnello Grasiela Fatima 
Published: April 2017

O trabalho na área hospitalar no setor de urgência e emergência tem potencial gerador de prazer e/ou sofrimento aos profissionais da enfermagem. Objetivo: Verificar quais os fatores que levam os profissionais da enfermagem que atuam em um setor urgência e emergência hospitalar ao prazer e sofrimento, e estratégias defensivas. Método: Para este estudo qualitativa, descritiva, estudo de caso; coleta de dados se deu por entrevista semiestruturada e observação. A análise se deu por análise de conteúdo de Bardin e fundamentada na Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Resultados: Encontrou-se três categorias: 1. categoria prazer; 2. categoria sofrimento; 3. categoria estratégias defensivas: individuais e coletivas. Conclusão: Que mudanças de condutas podem permitir uma melhor forma de lidar e transformar os fatores geradores de sofrimento e potencializar os sentimentos de prazer. Descritores: Enfermagem, prazer, sofrimento, urgência e emergência.
Consumo de tabaco entre universitários: uma revisão sistemática Tobacco consumption among college students: a systematic review
Authors: Guerra Fernando Marcos Rosa Maia , Costa Cassia Kelly Favoretto , Bertolini Sônia Maria Marques Gomes , Marcon Sônia Silva , Parré José Luiz 
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: identificar como o consumo de tabaco entre universitários é abordado na literatura. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2013. A pesquisa foi feita nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e SciELO, utilizando-se a metodologia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviewsand Meta-Analyses - PRISMA. Resultados: De 316 artigos encontrados, 62 atenderam os critérios de inclusão. Sendo, a maioria publicada em espanhol (46,77%). A distribuição das publicações quanto às áreas das revistas, em termos nacionais, mostrou que a saúde geral e a medicina tiveram maior participação (19,35% ambas). Para as revistas internacionais, a área de medicina se destacou com 19,35%. Conclusão: Assim existem muitos estudos publicados no período proposto que abordam a mesma temática sob diferentes perspectivas; contudo, as pesquisas relatam divergências do consumo desses produtos com relação ao sexo, fatores de proteção e aqueles que podem predispor o surgimento de hábitos nocivos. Objective: To identify how tobacco use among college students is discussed in the literature. Methods: A systematic review was conducted from January 2004 to December 2013. The survey was conducted in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE and SciELO, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic methodology Reviewsand Meta-Analyses - PRISMA. Results: Of 316 articles found, 62 met the inclusion criteria. And, most published in Spanish (46.77%). The distribution of publications about the areas of magazines, in national terms, showed that the overall health and medicine had higher participation (19.35% both). For international magazines, the area of medicine stood out with 19.35%. Conclusion: So there are many studies published in the proposed period that address the same issue from different perspectives; however, studies report differences in consumption of these products with regard to gender, protective factors and those that may predispose the emergence of harmful habits.
Consumo de álcool entre pescadores: uma revisão integrativa Alcohol consumption among fishermen: an integrative review
Authors: Batista Ribeiro Crystiane Ribas , Sabóia Vera Maria , Pereira Claudia Maria 
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Sintetizar a produção científica quanto ao consumo de álcool entre pescadores. Método: Revisão integrativa realizada por meio de levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados CAPES, ScieLO e LILACS, com período de coleta de dados entre março a abril de 2014. Resultados: Evidenciou-se o consumo de álcool como atividade habitual entre pescadores, salientando sua associação com religião, longas jornadas de trabalho, desconhecimento dos níveis máximos de consumo de álcool semanais satisfatórios, acidentes ocupacionais, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e cardiovasculares, e hiperlipidemia. Conclusão:O consumo de álcool é uma prática comum entre os pescadores e apesar de todos os estudos apontarem para essa prática, não há evidências de alternativas reais relacionadas à promoção, prevenção e cuidado da saúde de pescadores no que tange ao consumo de álcool. Descritores: Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, Pesqueiros, Saúde do trabalhador, Enfermagem.
Meteor radar observations of vertically propagating low‐frequency inertia‐gravity waves near the southern polar mesopause region
Authors: Song I.‐S. , Lee C. , Kim J.‐H. , Jee G. , Kim Y.‐H. , Choi H.‐J. , Chun H.‐Y. , Kim Y. H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractVertically propagating low‐frequency inertia‐gravity waves (IGWs) are retrieved from meteor radar winds observed at King Sejong Station (KSS: 62.22°S, 58.78°W), Antarctica. IGW horizontal winds extracted from temporal band‐pass filtering in regular time‐height bins show the frequent occurrence of IGWs with the downward phase progression and the counterclockwise rotation of their horizontal wind vectors with time (i.e., upward energy propagation) near the mesopause region throughout the whole year of 2014. The vertical wavelengths of the observed IGWs roughly range from 14 km to more than 20 km, which is consistent with previous observational studies on the mesospheric IGWs over Antarctica. Stokes parameters and rotary spectra computed from the hodographs of the IGW horizontal wind components reveal that the intrinsic frequencies of the upward propagating IGWs are |f|−3|f| with seasonal variations of the relative predominance between |f|−2|f| and 2|f|−3|f|, where f is the Coriolis parameter at KSS. The hodograph analysis also indicates that the N‐S propagation is dominant in austral summer, while the NE‐SW propagation is pronounced in austral winter. The propagation direction is discussed in relation to the generation of IGWs due to dynamical imbalances occurring in the tropospheric and stratospheric jet flow systems. Ray tracing results indicate that the N‐S propagation in summer may be due to the jet flow systems roughly north of KSS and the NE‐SW propagation in winter may be either the SW propagation from the jet flow systems northeast of KSS or the NE propagation (around the South Pole) from the south of Australia and Southern Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Corona discharges from a windmill and its lightning protection tower in winter thunderstorms
Authors: Wu Ting , Wang Daohong , Rison William , Thomas Ronald J. , Edens Harald E. , Takagi Nobuyuki , Krehbiel Paul R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper presents lightning mapping array (LMA) observations of corona discharges from a windmill and its lightning protection tower in winter thunderstorms in Japan. Corona discharges from the windmill, called windmill coronas, and those from the tower, called tower coronas, are distinctly different. Windmill coronas occur with periodic bursts, generally radiate larger power, and possibly develop to higher altitudes than tower coronas do. A strong negative electric field is necessary for the frequent production of tower coronas but is not apparently related with windmill coronas. These differences are due to the periodic rotation of the windmill and the moving blades which can escape space charges produced by corona discharges and sustain a large local electric field. The production period of windmill coronas is related with the rotation period of the windmill. Surprisingly, for one rotation of the windmill, only two out of the three blades produce detectable discharges and source powers of discharges from these two blades are different. The reason for this phenomenon is still unclear. For tower coronas, the source rate can get very high only when there is a strong negative electric field, and the source power can get very high only when the source rate is very low. The relationship between corona discharges and lightning flashes is investigated. There is no direct evidence that corona discharges can increase the chance of upward leader initiation, but nearby lightning flashes can increase the source rate of corona discharges right after the flashes. The peak of the source height distribution of corona discharges is about 100 m higher than the top of the windmill and the top of the tower. Possible reasons for this result are discussed.
Atmospheric components of the surface energy budget over young sea ice: Results from the N‐ICE2015 campaign
Authors: Walden Von P. , Hudson Stephen R. , Cohen Lana , Murphy Sarah Y. , Granskog Mats A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Norwegian young sea ice campaign obtained the first measurements of the surface energy budget over young, thin Arctic sea ice through the seasonal transition from winter to summer. This campaign was the first of its kind in the North Atlantic sector of the Arctic. This study describes the atmospheric and surface conditions and the radiative and turbulent heat fluxes over young, thin sea ice. The shortwave albedo of the snow surface ranged from about 0.85 in winter to 0.72–0.80 in early summer. The near‐surface atmosphere was typically stable in winter, unstable in spring, and near neutral in summer once the surface skin temperature reached 0°C. The daily average radiative and turbulent heat fluxes typically sum to negative values (−40 to 0 W m−2) in winter but then transition toward positive values of up to nearly +60 W m−2 as solar radiation contributes significantly to the surface energy budget. The sensible heat flux typically ranges from +20–30 W m−2 in winter (into the surface) to negative values between 0 and −20 W m−2 in spring and summer. A winter case study highlights the significant effect of synoptic storms and demonstrates the complex interplay of wind, clouds, and heat and moisture advection on the surface energy components over sea ice in winter. A spring case study contrasts a rare period of 24 h of clear‐sky conditions with typical overcast conditions and highlights the impact of clouds on the surface radiation and energy budgets over young, thin sea ice.
Heterogeneous ice nucleation of α‐pinene SOA particles before and after ice cloud processing
Authors: Wagner Robert , Höhler Kristina , Huang Wei , Kiselev Alexei , Möhler Ottmar , Mohr Claudia , Pajunoja Aki , Saathoff Harald , Schiebel Thea , Shen Xiaoli , Virtanen Annele 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe ice nucleation ability of α‐pinene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles was investigated at temperatures between 253 and 205 K in the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere cloud simulation chamber. Pristine SOA particles were nucleated and grown from pure gas precursors and then subjected to repeated expansion cooling cycles to compare their intrinsic ice nucleation ability during the first nucleation event with that observed after ice cloud processing. The unprocessed α‐pinene SOA particles were found to be inefficient ice‐nucleating particles at cirrus temperatures, with nucleation onsets (for an activated fraction of 0.1%) as high as for the homogeneous freezing of aqueous solution droplets. Ice cloud processing at temperatures below 235 K only marginally improved the particles' ice nucleation ability and did not significantly alter their morphology. In contrast, the particles' morphology and ice nucleation ability was substantially modified upon ice cloud processing in a simulated convective cloud system, where the α‐pinene SOA particles were first activated to supercooled cloud droplets and then froze homogeneously at about 235 K. As evidenced by electron microscopy, the α‐pinene SOA particles adopted a highly porous morphology during such a freeze‐drying cycle. When probing the freeze‐dried particles in succeeding expansion cooling runs in the mixed‐phase cloud regime up to 253 K, the increase in relative humidity led to a collapse of the porous structure. Heterogeneous ice formation was observed after the droplet activation of the collapsed, freeze‐dried SOA particles, presumably caused by ice remnants in the highly viscous material or the larger surface area of the particles.
A simulation study on the electric field spectral dependence of thunderstorm ground enhancements and gamma ray glows
Authors: Cramer E. S. , Mailyan B. G. , Celestin S. , Dwyer J. R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe have done a thorough simulation analysis on the variability of the photon spectra produced with (due to Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanche—RREA) and without (Modification of Spectra) the avalanche multiplication process. Despite some measurements obviously showing a variability of the spectra, numerous theoretical studies consider RREA spectrum independent on the electric field. However, analytical calculations by Cramer et al. (2014) have shown that RREA spectrum under low electric fields is not constant and stops being exponential. Using the Relativistic Electron Avalanche Model code, we model various layouts of the electric field configuration and study the predicted photon spectra. The primary focus of the present paper is to study the photon energy spectra, as gamma rays are more often observed by ground‐based detectors. The simulation analysis of photon spectra potentially can help to deduce electric fields in thunderclouds.
IMF By effects on ground magnetometer response to increased solar wind dynamic pressure derived from global MHD simulations
Authors: Ozturk Dogacan Su , Zou Shasha , Slavin James A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDuring sudden solar wind dynamic pressure enhancements, the magnetosphere undergoes rapid compression resulting in a reconfiguration of the global current systems, most notably the field‐aligned currents (FACs). Ground‐based magnetometers are traditionally used to study such compression events. However, factors affecting the polarity and magnitude of the ground‐based magnetic perturbations are still not well understood. In particular, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By is known to create significant asymmetries in the FAC patterns. We use the University of Michigan Block Adaptive Tree Roe Upwind Scheme (BATS'R'US) magnetohydrodynamic code to investigate the effects of IMF By on the global variations of ground magnetic perturbations during solar wind dynamic pressure enhancements. Using virtual magnetometers in three idealized simulations with varying IMF By, we find asymmetries in the peak amplitude and magnetic local time of the ground magnetic perturbations during the preliminary impulse (PI) and the main impulse (MI) phases. These asymmetries are especially evident at high‐latitude ground magnetometer responses where the peak amplitudes differ by 50 nT at different locations. We show that the FACs related with the PI are due to magnetopause deformation, and the FACs related with the MI are generated by vortical flows within the magnetosphere, consistent with other simulation results. The perturbation FACs due to pressure enhancements and their magnetospheric sources do not differ much under different IMF By polarities. However, the conductance profile affected by the superposition of the preexisting FACs and the perturbation FACs including their closure currents is responsible for the magnitude and location asymmetries in the ground magnetic perturbations.
Receptors for the Four‐Helical Cytokines
Authors: Rose‐John Stefan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCytokines belong to a family of proteins that coordinate the activity of the immune system and many other body functions. Most cytokines belong to a protein family exhibiting a four‐helical topology. Receptors for these cytokines belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily and are all type I transmembrane proteins. Within the cell, cytokines typically signal via the JAK–STAT‐signalling pathway and also via the Ras‐MAP‐kinase‐, Akt‐, PI3‐kinase and YAP pathways. Many cytokines form families, which are defined by common receptor subunits shared by the cytokine family members, thereby reducing the number of receptor complexes. Furthermore, this set‐up results in similar modes of signalling for the members of one cytokine family. Some cytokines with a four‐helical topology have been recognised as important therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Key ConceptsCytokines are small proteins of 100–200 amino acids, which belong to several different protein families.Most, but not all, cytokines belong to the four‐helical class of cytokines.Many cytokines can be grouped into families, which are defined by the usage of common receptor subunits and therefore share many signalling pathways.Cytokine receptors also occur as soluble proteins, which can act as agonists and antagonists.Cytokines and cytokine receptors are therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Immunity: Regulation by the Indigenous Gastrointestinal Microbiota
Authors: Butler Matt 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Human beings are colonised by a beneficial ecosystem of microorganisms collectively termed the commensal microbiota or microbiome. Predominantly found at mucosal surfaces, these organisms are most abundant in the lower gastrointestinal tract. While the majority cannot be cultured outside the body, the development of molecular biological techniques (e.g. 16S ribosomal RNA PCR and shotgun metagenomic sequencing) is now allowing investigators to explore the microbiota in unprecedented detail. Research has uncovered a complex interplay between the intestinal microbiome and the host immune system. Gnotobiotic and germ‐free animal systems have revealed an absolute requirement for commensal microbes during normal immune development, and these interactions continue to shape immunity throughout adult life. In man, alterations to the normal intestinal microbiota (termed ‘dysbiosis’) have been associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, systemic autoimmune, metabolic and even neurological disorders.

Key Concepts

A human being is a ‘metaorganism’ – all mucosal surfaces are colonised by commensal microorganisms, collectively termed the microbiome.

Microbes are most abundant in the lower GI tract. The intestinal microbiota provides the host with vital nutrients and prevents colonisation by pathogens.

Novel molecular biology techniques (e.g. 16S rRNA PCR and shotgun metagenomic sequencing) are opening up the microbiome for in‐depth study.

The human microbiome project has identified >10 000 different species associated with humans with individuals carrying 200–400 species in the gut.

Colonization begins in the womb, continues during birth and normally reaches equilibrium by 2–3 years of age.

The microbiota regulates the intestinal immune system by stimulating the epithelial barrier, promoting release of secretory IgA by plasma B cells and inducing the development of homeostatic Th17/Treg populations in the gut mucosa.

Intestinal microbes can also influence systemic immunity via the production of bioactive molecules, such as pattern recognition receptor agonists (e.g. LPS), short‐chain fatty acids, tryptophan and polyamines.

Abnormal changes in the microbiota are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, allergic inflammation, metabolic and neurological diseases.
Plant Light Stress
Authors: Pascual Jesús , Rahikainen Moona , Kangasjärvi Saijaliisa 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Photosynthesis forms the basis for primary production and fuels the formation of biomass with valuable chemical composition in plants. Although photosynthesis requires sunlight, the very nature of sunlight also has negative effects on photosynthesis. Visible light and ultraviolet light, the inherent parts of sunlight, may cause damage to the photosynthetic machinery and other cellular components. Plants have therefore evolved various protective and response mechanisms, which monitor the intensity, wavelength, duration and direction of light and mitigate the negative effects of light stress. Currently, the underlying molecular mechanisms and functional overlaps among light receptor and chloroplast signalling, and the consequent light‐dependent adjustments in plant performance are emerging. The ability to delicately sense, signal and respond to the ambient light environment forms a key contributor to plant growth and productivity.

Key Concepts

Photosynthesis causes a potential risk of photodamage.

Excess light and ultraviolet radiation from sunlight lead to increased production of ROS, which may cause photooxidative damage.

Plants have evolved protective and response mechanisms against photodamage.

ROS act as signalling molecules that mediate vital functions in inducing resistance to light stress and other abiotic and biotic stresses.

Chloroplast retrograde signals play key roles in eliciting cross‐tolerance to biotic stress factors.