bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magma dynamics within a basaltic conduit revealed by textural and compositional features of erupted ash: the December 2015 Mt. Etna paroxysms
Authors: Pompilio Massimo , Bertagnini Antonella , Del Carlo Paola , Di Roberto Alessio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn December 2015, four violent explosive episodes from Mt. Etna’s oldest summit crater, the Voragine, produced eruptive columns extending up to 15 km a.s.l. and significant fallout of tephra up to a hundred km from the vent. A combined textural and compositional study was carried out on pyroclasts from three of the four tephra deposits sampled on the volcano at 6 to 14 km from the crater. Ash fractions (Φ = 1–2) were investigated because these grain sizes preserve the magma properties unmodified by post- emplacement processes. Results were used to identify processes occurring in the conduit during each single paroxysm and to understand how they evolve throughout the eruptive period. Results indicate that the magmatic column is strongly heterogeneous, mainly with respect to microlite, vescicle content and melt composition. During each episode, the heterogeneities can develop at time scales as short as a few tens of hours, and differences between distinct episodes indicate that the time scale for completely refilling the system and renewing magma is in the same order of magnitude. Our data also confirm that the number and shape of microlites, together with melt composition, have a strong control on rheological properties and fragmentation style.
Temperature response of soil carbon decomposition depends strongly on forest management practice and soil layer on the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Kaijun , He Ruoyang , Yang Wanqin , Li Zhijie , Zhuang Liyan , Wu Fuzhong , Tan Bo , Liu Yang , Zhang Li , Tu Lihua , Xu Zhenfeng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHow forest management practice impacts the temperature response of soil carbon decomposition remains unclear in Tibetan boreal forests. Here, an experiment was conducted to compare soil carbon decomposition of two layers (organic and mineral) in three Tibetan forests (natural forest, NF; secondary forest, SF; spruce plantation, PF). Soils were incubated at two temperatures (10 °C and 20 °C) for 219 days. Increased temperature often stimulated carbon decomposition rates of organic layer but did not affect them in the mineral soils. Soil carbon decomposition rates in the organic layer followed a pattern of NF > SF > PF over the incubation period. Regardless of forest type, soil carbon decomposition rates and temperature coefficient (Q10) were higher in the organic layers compared to mineral soils. Moreover, forest type conversion increasedQ10values in each soil layer. Taken together, our results suggest that forest management practice has much stronger impacts on biochemical properties in the organic layers relative to mineral soils. Moreover, the temperature responses of soil carbon decomposition depend largely on forest management practice and soil layer in this specific area.
Soil bacterial quantification approaches coupling with relative abundances reflecting the changes of taxa
Authors: Zhang Zhaojing , Qu Yuanyuan , Li Shuzhen , Feng Kai , Wang Shang , Cai Weiwei , Liang Yuting , Li Hui , Xu Meiying , Yin Huaqun , Deng Ye 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the abundance change of certain bacterial taxa is quite important for the study of soil microbiology. However, the observed differences of relative abundances by high-throughput techniques may not accurately reflect those of the actual taxon abundances. This study investigated whether soil microbial abundances coupling with microbial quantities can be more informative in describing the microbial population distribution under different locations. We analyzed relative abundances of the major species in soil microbial communities from Beijing and Tibet grasslands by using 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technique, and quantified the absolute bacterial cell numbers directly or indirectly by multiple culture-independent measurements, including adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), flow cytometry (FCM), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and microbial biomass Carbon (MBC). By comparison of the relative abundance and the estimated absolute abundances (EAA) of the major components in soil microbial communities, several dominant phyla, including Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonates and Planctomycetes, showed significantly different trends. These results indicated that the change in EAA might be more informative in describing the dynamics of a population in a community. Further studies of soil microbes should combine the quantification and relative abundances of the microbial communities for the comparisons among various locations.
Fish oil-enriched nutrition combined with systemic chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer patients with cancer cachexia
Authors: Shirai Yumiko , Okugawa Yoshinaga , Hishida Asahi , Ogawa Aki , Okamoto Kyoko , Shintani Miki , Morimoto Yuki , Nishikawa Ryutaro , Yokoe Takeshi , Tanaka Koji , Urata Hisashi , Toiyama Yuji , Inoue Yasuhiro , Tanaka Motoyoshi , Mohri Yasuhiko , Goel Ajay , Kusunoki Masato , McMillan Donald C. , Miki Chikao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite recent advances in chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer, a crucial factor related to poor prognosis is reduced tolerance to chemotherapy induced by cancer cachexia. Fish oil (FO)-derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) modulates inflammation in patients with various malignancies; however, the impact of FO-enriched nutrition as a combined modality therapy on clinical outcomes remains controversial. We systemically analysed chronological changes in biochemical and physiological status using bioelectrical impedance analysis in 128 gastrointestinal cancer patients provided with or without FO-enriched nutrition during chemotherapy. Furthermore, we evaluated the clinical significance of FO-enriched nutrition and clarified appropriate patient groups that receive prognostic benefits from FO-enriched nutrition during treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. The control group showed significant up-regulation of serum CRP) levels and no significant difference in both skeletal muscle mass and lean body mass. In contrast, the FO-enriched nutrition group showed no changes in serum CRP concentration and significantly increased skeletal muscle mass and lean body mass over time. Furthermore, high CRP levels significantly correlated with reduced tolerance to chemotherapy, and FO-enriched nutrition improved chemotherapy tolerance and prognosis, particularly in gastrointestinal cancer patients with a modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) of 1 or 2. We conclude that FO-enriched nutrition may improve the prognosis of patients with cancer cachexia and systemic inflammation (i.e., those with a mGPS of 1 or 2).
Characterization of short- and long-term mechanical sensitisation following surgical tail amputation in pigs
Authors: Di Giminiani Pierpaolo , Edwards Sandra A. , Malcolm Emma M. , Leach Matthew C. , Herskin Mette S. , Sandercock Dale A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCommercial pigs are frequently exposed to tail mutilations in the form of preventive husbandry procedures (tail docking) or as a result of abnormal behaviour (tail biting). Although tissue and nerve injuries are well-described causes of pain hypersensitivity in humans and in rodent animal models, there is no information on the changes in local pain sensitivity induced by tail injuries in pigs. To determine the temporal profile of sensitisation, pigs were exposed to surgical tail resections and mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNT) were measured in the acute (one week post-operatively) and in the long-term (either eight or sixteen weeks post-surgery) phase of recovery. The influence of the degree of amputation on MNTs was also evaluated by comparing three different tail-resection treatments (intact, ‘short tail’, ‘long tail’). A significant reduction in MNTs one week following surgery suggests the occurrence of acute sensitisation. Long-term hypersensitivity was also observed in tail-resected pigs at either two or four months following surgery. Tail amputation in pigs appears to evoke acute and sustained changes in peripheral mechanical sensitivity, which resemble features of neuropathic pain reported in humans and other species and provides new information on implications for the welfare of animals subjected to this type of injury.
Prevalence of Cluttering in Two European Countries: A Pilot Study
Authors: Van Zaalen Yvonne , Reichel Isabella 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Until now, little has been known about the prevalence of “pure” cluttering in a general population. This study sheds light on the prevalence of cluttering in populations of normally developing pre-adolescents in the Netherlands and Germany who do not stutter or have other communication disorders.

Method
304 adolescents (Netherlands, n=219/393; Germany, n= 85) were screened with the Predictive Cluttering Inventory-Revised (PCI-r), and when cluttering characteristics were detected, tested for cluttering, using the Fluency Assessment Battery (FAB).

Results
In total, a group of 13 adolescents had a PCI-r score above 23, indicating the necessity for further fluency assessment. Four adolescents met all the diagnostic criteria for cluttering. The prevalence of pure cluttering in the Dutch study was computed to be 1.1%. The prevalence of pure cluttering in the German study was computed to be 1.2%.

Conclusion
The PCI-r can serve as an appropriate screening tool for further fluency assessment and should be administered by a speech-language pathologist (SLP). The prevalence of cluttering in a population of normally developing adolescents who do not stutter was found to be about 1.1%.
Is Pethidine Safe during Labor? Systematic Review
Authors: Nunes Rogevando Rodrigues , Colares Paulo Giordano Baima , Montenegro Juliana Pinto 
Published: June 2017

Purpose To verify if pethidine is safe for the conceptus when used during labor.Methods Systematic review in the Capes Periodicals/PubMed and MEDLINE/Virtual Health Library (BVS, in the Portuguese acronym) databases.Results A total of 17 studies published from January 1st, 2000, to September 2nd, 2016, with a total of 1,688 participants involved were included in the present review. There was no record of conceptus vitality decrease associated with low doses of pethidine being administered to mothers during labor.Conclusions Intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) pethidine at low doses, of up to 50 mg, is safe to administer during labor.
Right-wing populism and market-fundamentalism
Authors: Ötsch Walter O. , Pühringer Stephan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe article compares market fundamentalism and right-wing populism on the basis of its core patterns of thinking and reasoning. Based on an analysis of the work of important founders of market fundamental economic thinking and the arguments brought forward by leading right-wing populist we find many similarities of these two concepts in their "inner images". Thus, we develop a scheme of the similar dual social worlds of right-wing-populism and market fundamentalism and offer some recent examples of market fundamentalism and right-wing populism mutually reinforcing each other or serving as a gateway for each other. We then apply our scheme for the analysis of the recent political developments and its ideological roots in the US under Donald Trump. The main conclusion of this article is that market fundamentalism and right-wing populism together must be seen as two mutually reinforcing threats to democracy in the 21st century.
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors are not a Feature of Neurofibromatosis Type 2 in the Unirradiated Patient
Authors: King Andrew T , Rutherford Scott A , Hammerbeck-Ward Charlotte , Lloyd Simon K , Freeman Simon R , Pathmanaban Omar N , Kellett Mark , Obholzer Rupert , Afridi Shazia , Axon Patrick , Halliday Dorothy , Parry Allyson , Thomas Owen M , Laitt Roger D , McCabe Martin G , Stivaros Stavros , Erridge Sara , Evans D Gareth ,   The English Specialist NF2 research group
Published: June 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The published literature suggests that malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) occur at increased frequency in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). A recent review based on incidence data in North America showed that 1 per 1000 cerebellopontine angle nerve sheath tumors were malignant.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether MPNST occurred spontaneously in NF2 by reviewing our NF2 database.

METHODS
The prospective database consists of 1253 patients with NF2. One thousand and nine are known to be alive at last follow-up. The presence and laterality/pathology of vestibular schwannoma at diagnosis and last follow-up was sought.

RESULTS
There were no cases of spontaneous MPNST with 2114 proven (n = 1150) and presumed benign (n = 964) vestibular schwannomas found. Two patients had developed MPNST (1 presumed) after having previously undergone stereotactic radiosurgery for a vestibular schwannoma.

CONCLUSION
In this series, and from the literature, malignant transformation of a vestibular schwannoma was not a feature of NF2 in the unirradiated patient. NF2 patients should not be told that they have an increased risk of malignant change in a vestibular schwannoma unless they undergo radiation treatment. However, very much larger datasets are required before it can be determined whether there is any association between NF2 and MPNST in the unirradiated patient.
Phenotyping the Immune Response to Trauma: A Multiparametric Systems Immunology Approach*
Authors: Seshadri Anupamaa , Brat Gabriel A. , Yorkgitis Brian K. , Keegan Joshua , Dolan James , Salim Ali , Askari Reza , Lederer James A. 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
Trauma induces a complex immune response that requires a systems biology research approach. Here, we used a novel technology, mass cytometry by time-of-flight, to comprehensively characterize the multicellular response to trauma.

Design:
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples were stained with a 38-marker immunophenotyping cytometry by time-of-flight panel. Separately, matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae or CD3/CD28 antibodies and stained with a 38-marker cytokine panel. Monocytes were studied for phagocytosis and oxidative burst.

Setting:
Single-institution level 1 trauma center.

Patients or Subjects:
Trauma patients with injury severity scores greater than 20 (n = 10) at days 1, 3, and 5 after injury, and age- and gender-matched controls.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Trauma-induced expansion of Th17-type CD4+ T cells was seen with increased expression of interleukin-17 and interleukin-22 by day 5 after injury. Natural killer cells showed reduced T-bet expression at day 1 with an associated decrease in tumor necrosis factor-β, interferon-γ, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Monocytes showed robust expansion following trauma but displayed decreased stimulated proinflammatory cytokine production and significantly reduced human leukocyte antigen - antigen D related expression. Further analysis of trauma-induced monocytes indicated that phagocytosis was no different from controls. However, monocyte oxidative burst after stimulation increased significantly after injury.

Conclusions:
Using cytometry by time-of-flight, we were able to identify several major time-dependent phenotypic changes in blood immune cell subsets that occur following trauma, including induction of Th17-type CD4+ T cells, reduced T-bet expression by natural killer cells, and expansion of blood monocytes with less proinflammatory cytokine response to bacterial stimulation and less human leukocyte antigen - antigen D related. We hypothesized that monocyte function might be suppressed after injury. However, monocyte phagocytosis was normal and oxidative burst was augmented, suggesting that their innate antimicrobial functions were preserved. Future studies will better characterize the cell subsets identified as being significantly altered by trauma using cytometry by time-of-flight, RNAseq technology, and functional studies.
Effectiveness of Pharmacist Intervention to Reduce Medication Errors and Health-Care Resources Utilization After Transitions of Care: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: De Oliveira Gildasio S. , Castro-Alves Lucas J. , Kendall Mark C. , McCarthy Robert 
Published: June 2017

Objectives
Medication errors are common during transitions of care. The main objective of the current investigation was to examine the effectiveness of pharmacist-based transition of care interventions on the reduction of medication errors after hospital discharge.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted to detect published reports of randomized trials using the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Google Scholar inclusive to July 1, 2015. Search terms included pharmacist, medication, errors, readmission, transition, and discharge. A priori main outcomes included medication errors and health-care resources utilization (hospital readmission and/or emergency room visits). Quantitative analysis was performed using a random effect method.

Results
Thirteen randomized trials examining 3503 patients were included in the final analysis. The aggregate effect of the 10 studies evaluating the effect of pharmacists intervention on the incidence of medication errors during transitions of care favored pharmacist over control with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 0.44 (0.31–0.63). The overall effect of 4 studies evaluating the effect of a pharmacist intervention on the incidence of emergency room visits compared with control favored the pharmacist intervention, odds ratio (95% CI) of 0.42 (0.22–0.78), number needed to treat (95% CI) of 6.2 (3.4–31.4).

Conclusions
Pharmacist transition of care intervention is an effective strategy to reduce medication errors after hospital discharge. In addition, a pharmacist intervention also reduces subsequent emergency room visits. Hospitals should consider implementing this intervention to improve patient safety and quality during transitions of care.
Does One Size Fit All? Assessing the Need for Organizational Second Victim Support Programs
Authors: Edrees Hanan H. , Wu Albert W. 
Published: June 2017

Objective
Second victims are health care providers who are emotionally traumatized after experiencing an unanticipated patient’s adverse event. To support second victims, organizations can provide a dedicated support program for their workers. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of the second victim problem in acute care hospitals in the state of Maryland, the availability of emotional support services, and the need for organizational support programs.

Methods
In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 43 patient safety representatives from 38 acute hospitals in Maryland. Data were analyzed using QSR NVivo10 software and a mixed-methods approach to generate codes and extract themes from the interviews. Descriptive statistics were generated for hospital and participant characteristics.

Results
The response rate was 83% of hospitals. All participants reported that they and their executives were aware of the second victim problem. Although participants varied in their perceptions of whether a dedicated second victim support program would be helpful for their hospital, all thought that hospitals should offer organizational support programs. Several organizations are attempting to promote a “just culture” in responding to events, and there continues to be stigma associated with speaking up during a root cause analysis, and with accessing support if it were offered.

Conclusions
The second victim problem is recognized in all hospitals in Maryland. However, even when support is available, health care providers face stigma and other barriers in accessing it. Future efforts should assess the need for second victim programs from the perspectives of second victims themselves to identify barriers and improve uptake of needed support.
A new genus of horse from Pleistocene North America
Authors: Heintzman Peter D. , Zazula Grant D. , MacPhee Ross D.E. , Scott Eric , Cahill James A. , McHorse Brianna K. , Kapp Joshua D. , Stiller Mathias , Wooller Matthew J. , Orlando Ludovic , Southon John R. , Froese Duane G. , Shapiro Beth 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe extinct “New World stilt-legged”, or NWSL, equids constitute a perplexing group of Pleistocene horses endemic to North America. Their slender distal limb bones resemble those of Asiatic asses, such as the Persian onager. Previous palaeogenetic studies, however, have suggested a closer relationship to caballine horses than to Asiatic asses. Here, we report complete mitochondrial and partial nuclear genomes from NWSL equids from across their geographic range. Although multiple NWSL equid species have been named, our palaeogenomic and morphometric analyses support the idea that there was only a single species of middle to late Pleistocene NWSL equid, and demonstrate that it falls outside of crown groupEquus. We therefore propose a new genus,Haringtonhippus, for the sole speciesH. francisci. Our combined genomic and phenomic approach to resolving the systematics of extinct megafauna will allow for an improved understanding of the full extent of the terminal Pleistocene extinction event.
A dementia-associated risk variant nearTMEM106Balters chromatin architecture and gene expression
Authors: Gallagher Michael D. , Posavi Marijan , Huang Peng , Unger Travis L. , Berlyand Yosef , Gruenewald Analise L. , Chesi Alessandra , Manduchi Elisabetta , Wells Andrew D. , Grant Struan F.A. , Blobel Gerd A. , Brown Christopher D. , Chen-Plotkin Alice S. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTNeurodegenerative diseases pose an extraordinary threat to the world’s aging population, yet no disease-modifying therapies are available. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of novel risk loci for neurodegeneration, the mechanisms by which these loci influence disease risk are largely unknown. Indeed, of the many thousands of SNP-trait associations identified by GWAS over the past ~10 years, very few are understood mechanistically. Here, we investigate the association of common genetic variants at the 7p21 locus with risk for the neurodegenerative disease frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We show that variants associated with disease risk correlate with increased brain expression of the 7p21 geneTMEM106B, and no other genes. Furthermore, incremental increases in TMEM106B levels result in incremental increases in lysosomal phenotypes and cell toxicity. We then combine fine-mapping, bioinformatics, and bench-based approaches to functionally characterize all candidate causal variants at this locus. This approach identified a noncoding variant, rs1990620, which differentially recruits CTCF, influencing CTCF-mediated long-range chromatin looping interactions between multiplecis-regulatory elements, including theTMEM106Bpromoter. Our findings thus provide an in-depth analysis of the 7p21 locus linked by GWAS to frontotemporal lobar degeneration, nominating a causal variant and a causal mechanism for allele-specific expression and disease association at this locus. Finally, we show that genetic variants associated with risk for neurodegenerative diseases beyond frontotemporal lobar degeneration are enriched in brain CTCF-binding sites genome-wide, implicating CTCF-mediated gene regulation in risk for neurodegeneration more generally.