bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HMG-CoAR expression in male breast cancer: relationship with hormone receptors, Hippo transducers and survival outcomes
Authors: Di Benedetto Anna , Mottolese Marcella , Sperati Francesca , Ercolani Cristiana , Di Lauro Luigi , Pizzuti Laura , Vici Patrizia , Terrenato Irene , Shaaban Abeer M. , Sundara-Rajan Sreekumar , Humphries Matthew P. , Barba Maddalena , Speirs Valerie , De Maria Ruggero , Maugeri-Saccà Marcello 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMale breast cancer (MBC) is a rare hormone-driven disease often associated with obesity. HMG-CoAR is the central enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, a molecular route deputed to produce cholesterol and steroid-based hormones. HMG-CoAR regulates the oncogenic Hippo transducers TAZ/YAP whose expression was previously associated with shorter survival in MBC. 225 MBC samples were immunostained for HMG-CoAR and 124 were considered eligible for exploring its relationship with hormone receptors (ER, PgR, AR), Hippo transducers and survival outcomes. HMG-CoAR was positively associated with the expression of hormone receptors (ER, PgR, AR) and Hippo transducers. Overall survival was longer in patients with HMG-CoAR-positive tumors compared with their negative counterparts (p = 0.031). Five- and 10-year survival outcomes were better in patients whose tumors expressed HMG-CoAR (p = 0.044 and p = 0.043). Uni- and multivariate analyses for 10-year survival suggested that HMG-CoAR expression is a protective factor (HR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.25–0.99, p = 0.048 and HR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.26–1.07, p = 0.078). Results were confirmed in a sensitivity analysis by excluding uncommon histotypes (multivariate Cox: HR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21–0.97, p = 0.043). A positive relationship emerged between HMG-CoAR, hormone receptors and TAZ/YAP, suggesting a connection between the mevalonate pathway, the hormonal milieu and Hippo in MBC. Moreover, HMG-CoAR expression may be a favorable prognostic indicator.
Comparison of Videostroboscopy to Stroboscopy Derived From High-Speed Videoendoscopy for Evaluating Patients With Vocal Fold Mass Lesions
Authors: Powell Maria E. , Deliyski Dimitar D. , Hillman Robert E. , Zeitels Steven M. , Burns James A. , Mehta Daryush D. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
Videostroboscopy (VS) uses an indirect physiological signal to predict the phase of the vocal fold vibratory cycle for sampling. Simulated stroboscopy (SS) extracts the phase of the glottal cycle directly from the changing glottal area in the high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) image sequence. The purpose of this study is to determine the reliability of SS relative to VS for clinical assessment of vocal fold vibratory function in patients with mass lesions.

Methods
VS and SS recordings were obtained from 28 patients with vocal fold mass lesions before and after phonomicrosurgery and 17 controls who were vocally healthy. Two clinicians rated clinically relevant vocal fold vibratory features using both imaging techniques, indicated their internal level of confidence in the accuracy of their ratings, and provided reasons for low or no confidence.

Results
SS had fewer asynchronous image sequences than VS. Vibratory outcomes were able to be computed for more patients using SS. In addition, raters demonstrated better interrater reliability and reported equal or higher levels of confidence using SS than VS.

Conclusion
Stroboscopic techniques on the basis of extracting the phase directly from the HSV image sequence are more reliable than acoustic-based VS. Findings suggest that SS derived from high-speed videoendoscopy is a promising improvement over current VS systems.
Is data a toaster? Gender, sex, sexuality and robots
Authors: Cranny-Francis Anne 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article considers the development of robotics through the lens of Gender Studies, with a particular interest in exploring relationships of intimacy involving robots. The production of sex robots has prompted some ethicists to set up the Campaign Against Sex Robots, their position articulated in Kathleen Richardson’s, 2015 paper, “The Asymmetrical ‘Relationship’: Parallels Between Prostitution and the Development of Sex Robots”. It is notable that these sex robots are commonly referred to as sexbots or fembots, but there is seldom reference to a malebot, though makers suggest that they can or will be made. Others (notably the makers) see this technology as no different from a vibrator or dildo and suggest that it could be a way of dealing with aberrant and criminal sexual behaviours including paedophilia. Intimacy is more than sexual practice, of course, and the ability of humans to form emotional attachments to technology is well-documented. Consider, for example, Maja Mataric’s description of the relationships formed by families with their Roomba vacuum cleaner in the Robotics Primer (2007). This led to problems for the makers for whom it was less expensive to replace a broken machine than to fix it, but who were faced with demands from families that their Roomba be repaired and returned to them. This article addresses this debate, exploring a range of contributions from ethicists, roboticists, gender theorists and others, and making specific reference to the television programs, the Scandinavian series, Real Humans (2012) and its English version, Humans (2015), as well as to Jordan Wolfson’s recent artwork, Female Figure (2014). This article is published as part of a collection on gender studies.
Breaking the icosahedra in boron carbide
Authors: Xie Kelvin Y. , An Qi , Sato Takanori , Breen Andrew J. , Ringer Simon P. , Goddard William A. , Cairney Julie M. , Hemker Kevin J. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
The extraordinary hardness of boron compounds is related to their internal structure, which is comprised of 12-atom icosahedra arranged in crystalline lattices. In these hierarchical materials, the icosahedra are easy to image with EM, but individual atoms are not. Here, we show that laser-assisted atom probe tomography can be used to deduce the atomic structure and relative interatomic bond strengths of atoms in boron carbide. To our surprise, the icosahedra disintegrated during the field evaporation process. Statistical analyses of event multiplicity and stoichiometry in the atom probe dataset substantiate that the icosahedra are less tightly bound than their interconnecting chains. Comparisons with quantum mechanics simulations further suggest that this instability plays a role in the amorphization of boron carbide.
The media of the ultra-right
Authors: Padovani Cinzia 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn light of the rise of ultra-right ideologies in Europe, this article offers an in-depth analysis of the discourse on immigration presented by CasaPound Italia (CPI), a self-defined fascist organization in Italy. This case study illustrates the importance of media and communication activism for the promotion of contemporary ultra-right movements. Specifically, the analysis focuses on how CPI reported one of the first widely covered immigration-related disaster in the Mediterranean, on 3 October 2013, and on the audience interactions that followed on the organisation’s website. In this article, I argue that CasaPound Italia’s online communiqué and its members’ comments need to be considered as one discursive event in which the encoding/decoding processes at play can be explored in detail. The examination, which draws from critical discourse studies, reveals audiences’ contributions in unpacking the implicit message contained in the original communiqué and underlines the active role that “rank and file” members play in the promotion of ultra-right ideologies.
Making English local
Authors: Flowers Katherine S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study examines the role of chronotopes in a municipal campaign to make English the official language. Drawing on theories of scale, localism, and chronotopes in discourse, this article traces how 30 town residents situated the English language in local and US history through talk and gesture. By evoking two contrasting chronotopes as they created and interpreted the language policy, people positioned monolingualism as a local tradition and multilingualism as a new, outside threat. Yet these chronotopes of local time and distant time were also recursive and fluid in two key ways. First, the US could be aligned with or against the local, which allowed English-only advocates to simultaneously criticize the nation and appeal to an idealized US past. Second, some critics of the policy reconfigured the chronotopes in order to posit multilingualism as the more authentic local tradition. These moves allowed the people involved to support, redefine and resist the English-only movement.
Oil-rich nonseed tissues for enhancing plant oil production.
Authors: Rahman M. M. , Divi U. K. , Liu Qing Liu Qing , Zhou XueRong Zhou XueRong , Surinder Singh Surinder Singh , Aruna Kilaru Aruna Kilaru 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Plants are being engineered for enhanced ethanol production; however, challenges remain in meeting the demand for bioenergy that is expected to double by 2030. Therefore, targeting carbon accumulation in the form of energy-dense oils in nonseed biomass is considered a superior alternative for bioenergy production. Although oils in the form of triacylglycerols (TAGs) are typically stored in seed tissues, various nonseed tissues such as mesocarp, tubers, stems and leaves also serve as storage tissues for TAG accumulation in plants. Moreover, the biomass of these tissues is generally far greater than seed biomass. In order to increase oil content in nonseed biomass for bioenergy and nutritional purposes, it is important to understand how such plants naturally accumulate TAG in nonseed tissues. Several molecular approaches, including transcriptomics, have been undertaken to elucidate the metabolic and regulatory mechanisms of carbon partitioning in oil-rich nonseed tissues. Such studies are expected to generate important transgenic tools that can be used to alter fatty acid metabolism and engineer plants to produce oil-rich biomass successfully. This review focuses on the potential of different oil-rich nonseed tissues and the strategies developed for enhancing oil biomass.
Evaluation of the prevalence of burnout and psychological morbidity among radiation oncologist members of the Kyoto Radiation Oncology Study Group (KROSG)
Authors: Mampuya Wambaka Ange , Matsuo Yukinori , Nakamura Akira , Hiraoka Masahiro 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the self-reported prevalence of burnout and psychological morbidity among radiation oncologists members of the Kyoto Radiation Oncology Study Group (KROSG) and to identify factors contributing to burnout. We mailed an anonymous survey to 125 radiation oncologists members of the KROSG. The survey included; the demographic data, the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). There were 87 responses out of 125 eligible respondents (69.6% response rate). In terms of burnout, three participants (3.4%) fulfilled the MBI-HSS criteria of having simultaneously high emotional exhaustion (EE), high depersonalization (DP) and low sense of personal accomplishment (PA). Eighteen (20.6%) reported a high score for either EE or DP meeting the alternative criteria for burnout with three of these simultaneously having high EE and high DP. The prevalence of psychological morbidity estimated using GHQ-12 was 32%. A high level of EE and low level of PA significantly correlated with high level of psychological morbidity with P &lt; 0.001 and &lt;0.01 respectively. Having palliative care activities other than radiotherapy and number of patients treated per year were the only factors associated with burnout. This is the first study investigating the prevalence of burnout and psychological morbidity among radiation oncologists in Japan. Compared with other studies involving radiation oncologists, the prevalence of low personal accomplishment was particularly high in the present study. The prevalence of psychological morbidity was almost the double that of the Japanese general population and was significantly associated with low PA and high EE.
Tryptophan and Cysteine Mutations in M1 Helices of α1β3γ2L γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors Indicate Distinct Intersubunit Sites for Four Intravenous Anesthetics and One Orphan Site
Authors: Nourmahnad Anahita , Stern Alex T. , Hotta Mayo , Stewart Deirdre S. , Ziemba Alexis M. , Szabo Andrea , Forman Stuart A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors mediate important effects of intravenous general anesthetics. Photolabel derivatives of etomidate, propofol, barbiturates, and a neurosteroid get incorporated in GABAA receptor transmembrane helices M1 and M3 adjacent to intersubunit pockets. However, photolabels have not been consistently targeted at heteromeric αβγ receptors and do not form adducts with all contact residues. Complementary approaches may further define anesthetic sites in typical GABAA receptors.

Methods
Two mutation-based strategies, substituted tryptophan sensitivity and substituted cysteine modification–protection, combined with voltage-clamp electrophysiology in Xenopus oocytes, were used to evaluate interactions between four intravenous anesthetics and six amino acids in M1 helices of α1, β3, and γ2L GABAA receptor subunits: two photolabeled residues, α1M236 and β3M227, and their homologs.

Results
Tryptophan substitutions at α1M236 and positional homologs β3L231 and γ2L246 all caused spontaneous channel gating and reduced γ-aminobutyric acid EC50. Substituted cysteine modification experiments indicated etomidate protection at α1L232C and α1M236C, R-5-allyl-1-methyl-5-(m-trifluoromethyl-diazirinylphenyl) barbituric acid protection at β3M227C and β3L231C, and propofol protection at α1M236C and β3M227C. No alphaxalone protection was evident at the residues the authors explored, and none of the tested anesthetics protected γ2I242C or γ2L246C.

Conclusions
All five intersubunit transmembrane pockets of GABAA receptors display similar allosteric linkage to ion channel gating. Substituted cysteine modification and protection results were fully concordant with anesthetic photolabeling at α1M236 and β3M227 and revealed overlapping noncongruent sites for etomidate and propofol in β+–α– interfaces and R-5-allyl-1-methyl-5-(m-trifluoromethyl-diazirinylphenyl) barbituric acid and propofol in α+–β– and γ+–β– interfaces. The authors’ results identify the α+–γ– transmembrane interface as a potentially unique orphan modulator site.
Management of Tissue Ischemia in Mastectomy Skin Flaps: Algorithm Integrating SPY Angiography and Topical Nitroglycerin
Authors: Sanniec Kyle , Teotia Sumeet , Amirlak Bardia 
Published: October 2016

Summary:
Tissue ischemia can be managed in several different ways based on the cause of the perfusion defect, including topical nitroglycerin or surgical intervention. However, there are times when tissue perfusion is questioned and clinical examination is unable to determine definitively the cause of ischemic tissue and whether it will survive. In this technique article, we describe our comprehensive algorithm for the management of tissue ischemia in mastectomy skin flaps, which can be applied to other plastic surgery procedures by integrating SPY angiography and topical nitroglycerin.
Multimodal Vulvar and Peripheral Sensitivity Among Women With Vulvodynia: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Reed Barbara D. , Sen Ananda , Harlow Sioban D. , Haefner Hope K. , Gracely Richard H. 
Published: October 2016

Objective
To assess differences in vulvar and peripheral sensitivity between women with and without vulvodynia.

Methods
Women with vulvodynia (n = 41) and age-matched controls (n = 43) seen in the outpatient setting were evaluated via surveys, clinical examination, and multimodal sensory testing (pressure, heat, cold, vibration, and electrical stimulation). The relationships between sensitivity to various sensory modalities and case/control status, as well as by vulvodynia subgroups, were assessed using logistic regression.

Results
Women with vulvodynia were more sensitive to pressure and to electrical stimuli than were control women at the vulva (median, 22 vs 230 g and 0.495 vs 0.769 mA, respectively; P < 0.001 for each) and at the thumb (median, 2500 vs 4250 g and 0.578 vs 0.764 mA, respectively; P = 0.006 for pressure, P < 0.001 for electrical stimulation). Heat, cold, and vibration detection thresholds did not differ significantly between these groups (P > 0.025). Those reporting spontaneous pain versus provoked pain had greater pressure sensitivity to the thumb (median, 1850 vs 2690 g; P = 0.020) and greater electrical sensitivity at the introitus (0.450 vs 0.608 mA; P = 0.011), and those with primary versus secondary vulvodynia had substantially greater pressure sensitivity to the thumb (median, 2438 vs 3125 g, P = 0.004). However, having localized versus generalized vulvodynia was not associated with differences in pressure or electrical sensitivity.

Conclusions
Sensitivities to pressure and electrical stimuli are greater among vulvodynia cases than among controls and support 2 previously defined subgroups—those reporting spontaneous pain versus those whose pain only occurred when provoked, and those with primary versus secondary vulvodynia.
An Innovative Model to Predict Pediatric Emergency Department Return Visits
Authors: Bergese Ilaria , Frigerio Simona , Clari Marco , Castagno Emanuele , De Clemente Antonietta , Ponticelli Elena , Scavino Enrica , Berchialla Paola 
Published: October 2016

Objectives
Return visit (RV) to the emergency department (ED) is considered a benchmarking clinical indicator for health care quality. The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model for early readmission risk in pediatric EDs comparing the performances of 2 learning machine algorithms.

Methods
A retrospective study based on all children younger than 15 years spontaneously returning within 120 hours after discharge was conducted in an Italian university children's hospital between October 2012 and April 2013. Two predictive models, artificial neural network (ANN) and classification tree (CT), were used. Accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were assessed.

Results
A total of 28,341 patient records were evaluated. Among them, 626 patients returned to the ED within 120 hours after their initial visit. Comparing ANN and CT, our analysis has shown that CT is the best model to predict RVs. The CT model showed an overall accuracy of 81%, slightly lower than the one achieved by the ANN (91.3%), but CT outperformed ANN with regard to sensitivity (79.8% vs 6.9%, respectively). The specificity was similar for the 2 models (CT, 97% vs ANN, 98.3%). In addition, the time of arrival and discharge along with the priority code assigned in triage, age, and diagnosis play a pivotal role to identify patients at high risk of RVs.

Conclusions
These models provide a promising predictive tool for supporting the ED staff in preventing unnecessary RVs.
Are Graduating Pediatric Residents Prepared to Perform Infant Lumbar Punctures?
Authors: Auerbach Marc A. , White Marjorie Lee , Bhargava Sweta , Zaveri Pavan , Seelbach Elizabeth B. , Burns Rebekah A. , Mehta Renuka , McAninch Brett , Fein Daniel , Chang Todd P. , Kessler David O. 
Published: October 2016

Objectives
Few published studies describe graduating pediatric residents' procedural skills or success rates. This information would help guide supervisors' decisions about graduating residents' preparedness, training, and supervision needs. This study aimed to measure success rates for graduating pediatric residents performing infant lumbar puncture (LP) during the final months of their training and to describe their experiences performing and supervising infant LPs during the course of their training.

Methods
This survey-based study was conducted at 10 academic medical institutions in 2013. The survey consisted of 4 domains: (1) demographics, (2) exposure to infant LP training as an intern, (3) number of LPs performed and supervised during residency, and (4) specific information on the most recent clinical infant LP.

Results
One hundred ninety-eight (82%) of 242 eligible graduating residents responded to the survey. A 54% success rate was noted for graduating residents when they were the first provider performing the infant LPs. Success rates were 24% if they were not the first provider to attempt the LP. Overall, graduating residents were supervised on 29% of their LPs, used anesthesia for 29%, and used the early stylet removal technique for 63%. The graduating residents performed a median of 12 infant LPs and supervised others on a median of 5 infant LPs throughout their residency. The vast majority reported feeling confident and prepared to perform this procedure.

Conclusions
At the end of residency, graduating pediatric residents were rarely supervised and had low infant LP success rates despite confidence in their skills. However, graduating residents frequently supervised others performing this procedure.
Disentangling opposing effects of motivational states on pain perception
Authors: Geuter Stephan , Cunningham Jonathan T. , Wager Tor D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroduction:Although the motivation to avoid injury and pain is central to human and animal behavior, this goal compete priority with other homeostatic goals. Animal studies have shown that competing motivational states, such as thirst, reduce pain. However, such states may also induce negative mood, which in humans has been found to increase pain. These opposing effects complicate study of the effects of motivational states in humans.Objectives:To evaluate concurrent effects of motivational state competition and mood on pain ratings.Methods:We compared a thirst challenge against a control group and measured thirst and mood as potential mediators. Pain induced through contact heat stimulation on the left forearm and was tested at 3 time points: before group randomization, after thirst induction, and after rehydration.Results:Overall, the thirst group reported more pain when thirsty compared with baseline and controls. Mediation analyses showed evidence for two opposing effects. First, the thirst challenge increased negative mood and thirstiness, which was related to increased pain. Second, the thirst challenge produced a direct, pain-reducing effect.Conclusion:Competing motivational states reduce pain but also induce concurrent mood changes that can mask motivational state-related effects.