bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reward and relief dimensions of temptation to drink: construct validity and role in predicting differential benefit from acamprosate and naltrexone
Authors: Roos Corey R. , Mann Karl , Witkiewitz Katie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractResearchers have sought to distinguish between individuals whose alcohol use disorder (AUD) is maintained by drinking to relieve negative affect (‘relief drinkers’) and those whose AUD is maintained by the rewarding effects of alcohol (‘reward drinkers’). As an opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone may be particularly effective for reward drinkers. Acamprosate, which has been shown to down‐regulate the glutamatergic system, may be particularly effective for relief drinkers. This study sought to replicate and extend prior work (PREDICT study; Glöckner‐Rist et al. ) by examining dimensions of reward and relief temptation to drink and subtypes of individuals with distinct patterns of reward/relief temptation. We utilized data from two randomized clinical trials for AUD (Project MATCH, n = 1726 and COMBINE study, n = 1383). We also tested whether classes of reward/relief temptation would predict differential response to naltrexone and acamprosate in COMBINE. Results replicated prior work by identifying reward and relief temptation factors, which had excellent reliability and construct validity. Using factor mixture modeling, we identified five distinct classes of reward/relief temptation that replicated across studies. In COMBINE, we found a significant class‐by‐acamprosate interaction effect. Among those most likely classified in the high relief/moderate reward temptation class, individuals had better drinking outcomes if assigned to acamprosate versus placebo. We did not find a significant class‐by‐naltrexone interaction effect. Our study questions the orthogonal classification of drinkers into only two types (reward or relief drinkers) and adds to the body of research on moderators of acamprosate, which may inform clinical decision making in the treatment of AUD.
The importance of considering both taxonomic and habitat guild approaches in small mammal research
Authors: Santos‐Filho Manoel , Bernardo Christine S. S. , Silva Dionei José Da , Ignácio Aurea Regina Alves , Canale Gustavo Rodrigues 
Published: August 2016

AbstractStudies on the effects of habitat fragmentation on small mammals often lead to confounding results as they only consider taxonomic groups in their analysis and neglect functional diversity of the communities. Here we describe the structure and composition of small mammal communities at 22 sites, ranging from 41 to 7035 ha, in a hyper‐fragmented landscape of an Amazonia‐Cerrado ecotone. Also, in considering a taxonomic and habitat guild approach, we report the effects of habitat structures and patch spatial attributes on richness, abundance and species composition. Small mammal richness reported in southern Amazonia (N = 23 species) is greater than most previous studies in the tropics. All rare small mammals captured in this study were forest interior species. Richness of forest interior species was positively related to larger patches, as shown by the species–area relationship. However, 52% of the small mammal species were in forest fragments smaller than 50 ha, highlighting the importance of preserving both large and small forest fragments in a landscape with accelerated habitat reduction. Richness of edge‐tolerant species was not associated with the tested variables, yet edge‐tolerant species were more abundant in degraded environments. Marsupials were positively associated with vertical habitat structures, while rodents were more strongly related to a ground‐level habitat structure. The landscape studied is extremely variable and has contributed to the difficulty in detecting clear patterns, particularly when considering only one approach. Because of the complementary outputs when analysing either taxonomic groups or habitat guilds, we recommend the use of multi‐taxa studies of different guilds to assist decision makers in designing conservation strategies and appropriate management of small mammal populations.
Creation of a model to predict survival in patients with refractory coeliac disease using a multinational registry
Authors: Rubio‐Tapia A. , Malamut G. , Verbeek W. H. M. , van Wanrooij R. L. J. , Leffler D. A. , Niveloni S. I. , Arguelles‐Grande C. , Lahr B. D. , Zinsmeister A. R. , Murray J. A. , Kelly C. P. , Bai J. C. , Green P. H. , Daum S. , Mulder C. J. J. , Cellier C. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundRefractory coeliac disease is a severe complication of coeliac disease with heterogeneous outcome.AimTo create a prognostic model to estimate survival of patients with refractory coeliac disease.MethodsWe evaluated predictors of 5‐year mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression on subjects from a multinational registry. Bootstrap resampling was used to internally validate the individual factors and overall model performance. The mean of the estimated regression coefficients from 400 bootstrap models was used to derive a risk score for 5‐year mortality.ResultsThe multinational cohort was composed of 232 patients diagnosed with refractory coeliac disease across seven centres (range of 11–63 cases per centre). The median age was 53 years and 150 (64%) were women. A total of 51 subjects died during a 5‐year follow‐up (cumulative 5‐year all‐cause mortality = 30%). From a multiple variable Cox proportional hazards model, the following variables were significantly associated with 5‐year mortality: age at refractory coeliac disease diagnosis (per 20 year increase, hazard ratio = 2.21; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.38–3.55), abnormal intraepithelial lymphocytes (hazard ratio = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.22–6.62), and albumin (per 0.5 unit increase, hazard ratio = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61–0.85). A simple weighted three‐factor risk score was created to estimate 5‐year survival.ConclusionsUsing data from a multinational registry and previously reported risk factors, we create a prognostic model to predict 5‐year mortality among patients with refractory coeliac disease. This new model may help clinicians to guide treatment and follow‐up.
Effects of dietary manganese supplementation on nutrient digestibility and production performance in male sika deer (Cervus Nippon)
Authors: Bao Kun , Wang Kaiying , Wang Xiaoxu , Zhang Tietao , Liu Hanlu , Li Guangyu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of manganese (Mn) supplementation on nutrient digestibility and antler growth in male sika deer. Twenty 3‐year‐old male sika deer were divided into four groups (Control, T40, T80 and T120). The control diet contained 22.2 mg Mn/kg. The treatment diets were supplemented with 40, 80 and 120 mg of Mn/kg (provided as Mn methionine). The results showed that the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein in the T80 group was greater than other groups. Higher digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was observed in the T80 group than in the control group. Plasma Mn concentrations in the T80 and T120 groups were higher (P < 0.01) than control and T40 group (P < 0.01). The concentration of Mn in feces was increased with increasing Mn amount. Average daily gain of fresh antler and dry antler of T80 was greater than other groups, especially the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the suitable level of Mn supplementation was found to be 80 mg/kg (total Mn content 103.4 mg/kg dry matter), which significantly increased antler daily gain and feed digestibility in 3‐year‐old sika deer.
Prostate size, nocturia and the digital rectal examination: a cohort study of 30 500 men
Authors: Stone Benjamin V. , Shoag Jonathan , Halpern Joshua A. , Mittal Sameer , Lewicki Patrick , Golombos David M. , Bedretdinova Dina , Chughtai Bilal , Barbieri Christopher E. , Lee Richard K. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the utility of the digital rectal examination (DRE) in estimating prostate size and the association of DRE with nocturia in a population‐based cohort.Subjects and MethodsWe identified all men randomized to the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening (PLCO) trial for whom DRE results were available. Men were excluded if they had a history of prostate surgery or incident prostate cancer. Prostate posterior surface area was derived from DRE sagittal and transverse estimates. Relationships between prostate posterior surface area, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and nocturia were analysed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Spearman's rank correlation and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 30 500 men met the inclusion criteria, with 103 275 screening visits containing paired DRE and PSA data. Digital rectal examination posterior surface area estimates had an ICC of 0.547 (95% CI 0.541–0.554) and were significantly yet modestly correlated with elevated PSA level (rs = 0.18, P < 0.001) and TRUS prostate volume (rs = 0.32, P < 0.001). Prostate posterior surface area was significantly associated with nocturia on multivariable analysis, but was not significant in stratified analysis of men with cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, high body mass index, stroke). In men without these risk factors, the highest quintile of DRE posterior surface area had 22% greater odds of nocturia than the lowest quintile (odds ratio 1.216, 95% CI 1.036–1.427).ConclusionsDigital rectal examination is a modestly accurate tool for measuring prostate volume. While DRE posterior surface area represents a statistically significant predictor of nocturia, the magnitude of effect suggests it has limited clinical utility for assessing this condition, particularly in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors.
Azoreductases in drug metabolism
Authors: Ryan Ali 
Published: August 2016

Azoreductases are flavoenzymes that have been characterized in a range of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Bacterial azoreductases are associated with the activation of two classes of drug, azo drugs for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and nitrofuran antibiotics. The mechanism of reduction of azo compounds is presented; it requires tautomerisation of the azo compound to a quinoneimine and provides a unifying mechanism for the reduction of azo and quinone substrates by azoreductases. The importance of further work in the characterization of azoreductases from enteric bacteria is highlighted to aid in the development of novel drugs for the treatment of colon related disorders. Human azoreductases are known to play a crucial role in the metabolism of a number of quinone‐containing cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. The mechanism of hydride transfer to quinones, which is shared not only between eukaryotic and prokaryotic azoreductases but also the wider family of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductases, is outlined. The importance of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human azoreductases is described not only in cancer prognosis but also with regard to their effects on the efficacy of quinone drug‐based cancer chemotherapeutic regimens. This highlights the need to screen patients for azoreductase SNPs ahead of treatment with these regimens.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Drug Metabolism and Antibiotic Resistance in Micro‐organisms. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.14/issuetoc
Facts with feelings – social workers' experiences of sharing information across team and agency borders to safeguard children
Authors: Lees Amanda 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper reports findings from a psychosocially informed case study of information sharing across team and agency borders, carried out in three children and family social work teams within one local authority. The study investigated practitioners' understanding and experiences of information sharing, the tasks, processes and technologies involved, as well as perceived barriers and facilitators. It also considered how the emotional and social dynamics of working contexts could impinge upon information work.Practitioners described information tasks relating to collecting, interpreting, communicating and recording information, guided by the demands of rigid organizational protocols. Performance of these tasks was, however, infused by the emotional complexities of child protection work, presenting a number of challenges for practitioners seeking robust and reliable information in the midst of ambiguity, complexity and heightened emotions. For practitioners across all teams, information work, and information itself, was both cognitive and affective and often at odds with linear processes for its exchange across team boundaries, designed to filter out all but hard evidence. Increased recognition of the dual nature (facts and feelings) of information and information work, throughout the safeguarding process, has potential to enhance the generation of shared understandings and collaborative practice across team and agency borders.
Effect of different implant placement depths on crestal bone levels and soft tissue behavior: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Siqueira Rafael Amorim Cavalcanti , Fontão Flávia Noemy Gasparini Kiatake , Sartori Ivete Aparecida de Mattias , Santos Paulo Gustavo Freitas , Bernardes Sérgio Rocha , Tiossi Rodrigo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis randomized clinical trial analyzed crestal bone changes and soft tissue dimensions surrounding implants with an internal tapered connection placed in the mandible anterior region at different depths (equicrestal and subcrestal).Materials and methodsEleven edentulous patients (five implants per patient) were randomly divided in a split‐mouth design: G1, 28 equicrestal implants; and G2, 27 subcrestal implants. All implants were immediately loaded. Correlation between keratinized tissue width (KTW) and vertical mucosa thickness (MT) with soft tissue recession was analyzed. Intraoral radiographs were used to evaluate crestal bone changes. Patients were assessed immediately, 4‐, and 8‐months after implant placement. Rank‐based ANOVA‐type statistical test was used for comparison between groups (α = 0.05).ResultsFifty‐five implants (G1 = 28 and G2 = 27) were assessed in 11 patients. Implant survival rate was 100% for both groups. Both tested implant placement depths presented similar crestal bone loss (P > 0.05). Significant crestal bone loss for each group was found in the different measurement times (T4 and T8) (P < 0.05). Implant placement depths, KTW, and vertical MT had no effect on soft tissue recession (P > 0.05).ConclusionsDifferent implant placement depths do not influence crestal bone changes. Soft tissue behavior is not influenced by different implant placement depths or by the amount of keratinized tissue.
The impact of ligation of proximal side branches on blood flow and functional status of the internal thoracic artery in coronary anastomosis
Authors: Abreu José Sebastião , Tsutsui Jeane Mike , Falcão Sandra Nívea R , Feitosa José Acácio , Rocha Eduardo Arraes , Oliveira Ítalo Martins , Diógenes Teresa Cristina , Paes José N , Sbano João C , Dallan Luis A , Filho Roberto Kalil , Mathias Wilson 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe effect of proximal side branches on the patency of the internal thoracic artery (ITA) is controversial. We used echocardiography and Doppler to verify the effect of ligation of branches on the flow and coronary flow reserve (CFR) of the grafted ITA in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).MethodsWe prospectively investigated 53 patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF >50%) who underwent CABG of the ITA. In Group I (25 patients), major branches were ligated during ITA anastomosis to the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, whereas no ligation was performed in Group II (28 patients). Systolic flow (SF), diastolic flow (DF), and total flow (TF = SF + DF) were measured by Doppler echocardiography at the proximal level of the ITA preoperatively, at early postoperative stage, and 6 months after surgery. Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) was performed at 6 months to determine CFR.ResultsThe ITA flow was predominantly systolic before surgery and diastolic in the postoperative period. We found no differences between the groups in DF. On DSE, SF (19.5±9 mL/min vs 32.7±19 mL/min; P=.003) and TF (79±21 mL/min vs 101±47 mL/min; P=.037) were higher in Group II. There were no differences in CFR (1.9±0.46 vs 2.11±0.56; P=.143).ConclusionIn patients with preserved LVEF, ligation of major side branches during anastomosis to the LAD does not alter ITA flow or CFR.
A simplified de Vries‐based model to estimate thermal conductivity of unfrozen and frozen soil
Authors: Tian Z. , Lu Y. , Horton R. , Ren T. 
Published: August 2016

Soil thermal conductivity (λ) is an important property in soil physics, environmental science, thermal science and engineering disciplines. In situ measurement of λ is complicated and there is a need for a model to predict λ accurately in both unfrozen and frozen soil. In this research, we developed a simplified de Vries‐based model to estimate λ of both unfrozen and frozen soil. The simplified model follows the basic assumptions of the de Vries model, but simplifies or improves the estimates of λair, λminerals and ga(minerals), ga(air) and ga(ice) (ga are the shape factors for various soil components): λminerals and ga(minerals) are related to soil mineral composition, and ga(air) and ga(ice) are related linearly to the volumetric fractions of air and ice, respectively. The λ and ga values of sand, silt and clay are required for calculating λminerals and ga(minerals). The values of λsilt and ga(silt), however, are not available in the literature. In this research, we estimated λsilt and ga(silt) by fitting the simplified model to measured λ values of 17 soil samples with various textures, water contents and bulk densities. The simplified model was validated with measured λ data from an additional 10 unfrozen and 18 frozen soil samples, obtained either from the literature or from our own measurements. The performance of the simplified model was evaluated by comparing estimates of λ with those from other available models. The results showed that the simplified de Vries‐based model provided accurate and consistent data for λ, and it performed better than other de Vries‐based models.Highlights
We developed a simplified de Vries‐based model to estimate thermal conductivity, λ, of unfrozen and frozen soil.
We improved methods to calculate thermal conductivities of soil air and minerals and shape factors of minerals, air and ice.
Thermal conductivity and shape factor of silt were estimated with inverse modelling.
Our new, simplified model gave more accurate predictions of λ than did other de Vries‐based models.
Targeting CYP51 for drug design by the contributions of molecular modeling
Authors: Rabelo Vitor W. , Santos Taísa F. , Terra Luciana , Santana Marcos V. , Castro Helena C. , Rodrigues Carlos R. , Abreu Paula A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCYP51 is an enzyme of sterol biosynthesis pathway present in animals, plants, protozoa and fungi. This enzyme is described as an important drug target that is still of interest. Therefore, in this work, we reviewed the structure and function of CYP51 and explored the molecular modeling approaches for the development of new antifungal and antiprotozoans that target this enzyme. Crystallographic structures of CYP51 of some organisms have already been described in the literature, which enable the construction of homology models of other organisms’ enzymes and molecular docking studies of new ligands. The binding mode and interactions of some new series of azoles with antifungal or antiprotozoan activities has been studied and showed important residues of the active site. Molecular modeling is an important tool to be explored for the discovery and optimization of CYP51 inhibitors with better activities, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological profiles.
Structure and biochemical properties of recombinant human dimethylglycine dehydrogenase and comparison to the disease‐related H109R variant
Authors: Augustin Peter , Hromic Altijana , Pavkov‐Keller Tea , Gruber Karl , Macheroux Peter 
Published: August 2016

The human dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (hDMGDH) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)‐ and tetrahydrofolate (THF)‐dependent, mitochondrial matrix enzyme taking part in choline degradation, one‐carbon metabolism and electron transfer to the respiratory chain. The rare natural variant H109R causes dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency leading to increased blood and urinary dimethylglycine concentrations. A detailed biochemical and structural characterization of hDMGDH was thus far hampered by insufficient heterologous expression of the protein. In the present study, we report the development of an intracellular, heterologous expression system in Komagataella phaffii (formerly known as Pichia pastoris) providing the opportunity to determine kinetic parameters, spectroscopic properties, thermostability, and the redox potential of hDMGDH. Moreover, we have successfully crystallized the wild‐type enzyme and determined the structure to 3.1‐Å resolution. The structure‐based analysis of our biochemical data provided new insights into the kinetic properties of the enzyme in particular with respect to oxygen reactivity. A comparative study with the H109R variant demonstrated that the variant suffers from decreased protein stability, cofactor saturation, and substrate affinity.DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB database under the accession number 5L46.
Helicobacter pylori infection contributes to placental impairment in preeclampsia: basic and clinical evidences
Authors: Di Simone Nicoletta , Tersigni Chiara , Cardaropoli Simona , Franceschi Francesco , Di Nicuolo Fiorella , Castellani Roberta , Bugli Francesca , de Waure Chiara , Cavaliere Anna Franca , Gasbarrini Antonio , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Scambia Giovanni , Todros Tullia 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundPreeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological association between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and PE onset has been widely shown. The aim of this study was to analyze a possible correlation between Hp infection and the severity of clinical presentation of PE and to identify an immunologic mechanism triggered by Hp infection potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of PE.Materials and MethodsSera from 93 preeclamptic women and 87 healthy pregnant women were tested for Hp infection by immunoassay and for anti‐CagA antibodies by Western blot assay. The serologic results were correlated with the clinical features of PE. The functional effect of serum IgG fractions, positive or negative for Hp, from preeclamptic women or controls were tested on trophoblast and endothelial cell cultures and in a murine model of angiogenesis.ResultsPreeclamptic women showed higher seroprevalence of Hp infection (57.0%) compared to controls (33.3%) (P<.001). The seropositivity for CagA‐positive strains of Hp was 45.2% in preeclamptic women vs 13.7% in controls (P<.001). In PE women, Hp infection was associated with abnormality of uterine arteries Doppler (P<.001). Hp+ IgG fractions from preeclamptic women bound to trophoblast and endometrial endothelial cell cultures, reducing in vitro invasiveness and angiogenesis, respectively, and inhibited angiogenesis in mice.ConclusionsOur data show, for the first time, an association between Hp infection and PE with abnormal uterine arteries Doppler velocimetry, suggesting a role for Hp infection in impairing placental development and increasing the risk to develop PE. This study opens the new perspective of a potential screening and treatment for Hp infection in pregnancy.