bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Review of Revision and Re-revision Patella Osteosynthesis Performed for Failure of Fixation of Initial Comminuted Fracture Patterns: Very High Complication Rates
Authors: Hoskins Wayne , Gusho Charles , Parola Rown , DeFroda Steven , Haase Douglas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLiterature on revision osteosynthesis for failed patella fracture fixation is extremely limited. This study reviews the treatment options and outcomes for revision and re-revision osteosynthesis at a Level 1 trauma center. All patella revision osteosynthesis cases between January 2021 and March 2024 were identified using Current Procedural Terminology codes at a single tertiary care academic center. Medical records, operative reports, and radiographs were reviewed to collect details regarding patient demographics, initial injury and fracture management, indications for revision surgery, revision construct, postoperative weight bearing and range-of-motion restrictions, and outcomes. The primary outcome was major failure defined as loss of fixation or further surgery for nonunion or infection. Ten patients underwent revision osteosynthesis for failed fixation. All fractures were initially comminuted fracture patterns (AO/OTA 34-C3), with nine (90%) initially treated with a 2.7-mm patella-specific variable angle locking plate (Synthes, Paoli, PA). Half (n = 5) of the patients were revised with the same patella-specific plate and half with an all suture transosseous fibertape tension band (Arthrex, Naples, FL). Additional fixation in the form of bony augmentation was performed in 20% (n = 2) of cases and soft tissue augmentation in 70% (n = 7). There was a 70% (n = 7) major failure rate, mostly due to loss of inferior pole fixation. There were four re-revision procedures performed with surgical fixation. Two of these subsequently developed infection, one united and the other had no radiographic signs of union and was lost to follow-up, but was without complication. Regardless of the chosen fixation construct, revision osteosynthesis for failed fixation of initial comminuted fracture patterns has an extremely high rate of failure. Complications increase with further revision surgery. Level of evidence: therapeutic level 3.
Persistent Levoatriocardinal Vein in Association with Complete Duplication of SVC and IVC
Authors: Sharma Arun , Subramanian Pavithra , Mallick Abhishek , Rohit Manoj Kumar , Singhal Manphool 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPersistent levoatriocardinal vein (LACV) is a rare pulmonary venous anomaly characterized by persistence of embryonic pulmonary to systemic communication. It is commonly associated with obstructive lesions of the left heart, such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome and mitral atresia. Complete duplication of the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) is rare, and occurs due to aberrations in the multistep development of the cardinal venous system. Coexistence of double SVC and IVC has been reported in the literature; however, their occurrence with persistent levoatriocardinal vein is hitherto unreported. The current case describes a rare coexistence of these complex pulmonary and systemic venous anomalies: persistent levoatriocardinal vein in a child with double SVC and IVC. The embryological development and possible aberrations leading to these anomalies are also detailed.
Comparison of Patient-Reported Outcomes after Local Flap Coverage versus Amputation for Complex Lower Extremity Trauma
Authors: Bhagat Neel , Drake Connor , Dawson Steven , Loewenstein Scott N. , Knox Kevin R. , Adkinson Joshua M. , Hassanein Aladdin H. , Bamba Ravinder 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background There is a paucity of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) data in lower extremity salvage. Limb salvage can often be achieved with the use of local muscle flaps or fasciocutaneous flaps. The purpose of this study was to compare PROs of patients who underwent lower extremity salvage using local fasciocutaneous flaps or muscle flaps to lower extremity amputation.
Materials and Methods The outcomes of 61 patients that underwent lower extremity local flap reconstruction (n = 33) or amputation (n = 28) between 2014 and 2020 were recorded. Chart reviews were performed to collect perioperative data. Patients were contacted via telephone for participation in the survey portion of our study. PROs were recorded utilizing both the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36).
Results Surveys were completed by 61 patients (response rate 59.2%). The mean time of survey after flap reconstruction or amputation was 2.7 ± 1.4 years. Recent trauma (within 90 days) was the most common indication for local flap coverage (n = 23). LEFS score and SF-36 physical functioning scores were significantly lower in patients who underwent muscle flaps compared with fasciocutaneous flaps (p = 0.021 and p = 0.022). Muscle flap patients had similar LEFS and SF-36 scores to amputation patients, while fasciocutaneous flap patients had significantly higher LEFS (p = 0.01), SF-36 physical functioning (p = 0.031), physical role functioning (p = 0.031), and emotional role functioning (p = 0.047) scores than amputation patients.
Conclusion Patients who underwent local fasciocutaneous flaps for limb salvage reported higher PRO scores than those undergoing amputation, while patients undergoing muscle flaps reported outcomes similar to those undergoing amputation. PROs for muscle flap patients were significantly lower than those of fasciocutaneous flap patients. These data suggest that while fasciocutaneous and muscle flaps are both useful limb salvage procedures, fasciocutaneous flaps may confer advantages that result in improved patient-perceived outcomes. Further study is needed to better characterize outcomes in limb salvage.
Evaluation of Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Measles: A Retrospective Study in Istanbul
Authors: Yazı Zehra , Zehir Nahide Haykır , Akçay Merve , Yükselmiş Ufuk , Çetin Ceren , Karaaslan Ayşe , Akın Yasemin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective Measles, predominantly impacting the pediatric population, manifests symptoms encompassing fever, rash, rhinorrhea, cough, conjunctivitis, accompanied by infrequent yet plausible life-threatening complications.
Methods This retrospective study conducted between January 2022 and July 2023 at a 1,105-bed tertiary hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, was focused on children diagnosed with measles and aged <18 years. Cases with measles-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies or with measles virus RNA detected by polymerase chain reaction were defined as definite measles cases.
Results A total of 78 pediatric patients were diagnosed with measles, of whom 40 were evaluated as definite (51.3%) cases. Among the definite cases, 29 (72.5%) and 11 (27.5%) were girls and boys, respectively. Their median age was 78 (42–158) months. It was observed that 28 (70%) patients were unvaccinated against measles, whereas data on the vaccination status of 6 (15%) patients could not be obtained. As for the symptoms, rash was observed in all diagnosed patients (100%), fever in 37 (92.5%), cough in 27 (67.5%). In addition, pneumonia was observed in 20 patients (50%). Vitamin A was administered to 5 (12.5%) patients below 2 years old. Of the patients, 29 (72.5%) were hospitalized. Three patients required intensive care unit follow-up. No mortality was recorded. When outpatients and inpatients were compared, the incidence rate of pneumonia was statistically higher in inpatients (p = 0.013).
Conclusions Recent World Health Organization data reveal a surge in childhood measles instances, underscoring the imperative of bolstering vaccination rates to fortify societal immunity and safeguard individuals against potential complications.
Reconsidering government digital strategies within the context of digital inequalities: the case of the UK Digital Strategy
Authors: Zamani Efpraxia D. , Rousaki Anastasia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we critically examine the 2022 UK Digital Strategy and argue that the UK government adopts with this policy document a customer-centric vision of governance, which undermines the traditional role of the government as a provider of public services with principles of justice and impartiality. This shift, exacerbated by digital poverty, appears incongruent with the social contract between citizens and the state. We employ a critical discourse analysis to identify contradictory outcomes resulting from these neoliberal policies and showcase that the UK Digital Strategy, while seemingly committed to aspects of equality and inclusivity, appear to prioritise almost entirely market rather than citizens’ interests.
Broadening efficient sound absorption bandwidth of spatial bending acoustic metasurfaces with multi-parameter variation
Authors: Zhang Jiesen , Chen Ke , Xiao Yinglong , Li Bin , Hou Hong , Liu Yang , Cheng Baozhu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Due to limitations in the space for the installation of noise reduction structures in some engineering application fields, broadband efficient noise reduction has always been a key issue in academic and engineering fields. Faced with this issue, in this work, a deep-subwavelength acoustic metasurface with embedded necks and bending channels is proposed. Firstly, theoretical models for the sound absorption coefficient of traditional Helmholtz resonators(THRs), embedded Helmholtz resonators(EHRs), and spatial bending acoustic metasurfaces (SBAMs) with a thickness of 12 mm were established using the thermal-viscous model, end acoustic radiation correction theory, and transfer matrix method, which prove that the SBAM unit has deep-subwavelength characteristics. Subsequently, adopting theoretical models and the complex frequency plane method, the SBAM unit with a side length of 50 mm and a thickness of 12 mm was designed, which exhibited perfect absorption at 541 Hz. The perfect absorption mechanism was elucidated through simulations. Theoretical and simulation models were used to analyze the regulation law of different geometric parameters on the acoustic performance for ultra-thin SBAM units. The results indicate that by accurately tuning multiple geometric parameters, ultrathin and perfect-absorption SBAM units with a thickness of 12 mm in the broadband range of 463–672 Hz can be achieved. Furthermore, it was experimentally studied how the equivalent length L influences the sound absorption performance of SBAM units, and the correctness of the theoretical and simulation results was verified. These results will provide a theoretical reference and engineering application for broadening the low-frequency noise reduction frequency band in compact spaces, improving the spatial utilization of sound absorption structures, and achieving broadband noise control at low and medium frequencies.
History and development of large-scale oil palm plantations of PT BPK and PT GKG in West Kalimantan
Authors: Putra H Y P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The European Union (EU) has issued and enforced a new anti-deforestation trade policy known as the EUDR policy, which demands that several commodities, including palm oil and its derivative products, be exported on deforestation-free status. Since the EU Parliament Resolution on palm oil and rainforest deforestation, Indonesian palm oil products have been blamed for being the main cause of deforestation and climate change due to developing the palm oil industry. West Kalimantan is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has the largest area of oil palm plantations and the most palm oil products. The study of land use change is evolving rapidly and has led to many approaches to understanding changes in land use.. This study aims to determine the history of the origin of the status and history of land use of large scale of oil palm plantations of PT BPK and PT GKG and to determine the development of land cover changes of large oil palm plantations in the two companies. The methods used were interviews, literature studies and analysis of satellite image interpretation and overlaying forest use maps and spatial plans of West Kalimantan province. The results showed that based on the Decree of the Minister of Forestry and the West Kalimantan RTRWP, the entire area of PT BPK and PT GKG has no status as a forest area and has become an area for other uses (APL). The history of land use in PT BPK shows that the land is a former community farms. In PT GKG, the land area is a former bauxite mine of PT Harita. The initial land cover at PT GKG was shrubs (76.23% of total land) and open land (23.77% of total land) in 2004 and PT BPK had an initial land cover of shrubs (22.13% of total land) and secondary swamp forest (70.56% of total land) in 1993.
Identification of wetland cover change in the upstream of Negara and Barito river in 1988 – 2014
Authors: Simanjuntak F , Rizqi A L , Suwardi  , Sumawinata B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The expansion of oil palm plantations has always been linked to the conversion of forests into non-forest areas in Indonesia. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct routine land cover monitoring to confirm land cover change over a specific period, specifically the conversion from primary forest to oil palm plantations between 1988 and 2014, using Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 (OLI) imagery in the upstream of the Negara-Barito River, South Kalimantan. Land cover transformations are observed throughout the analysis periods of 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2007, and 2014, followed by quantifying the extent of these changes. The secondary data were analyzed for image pre-processing, which involved steps such as Georeferencing, cropping, radiometric correction, cloud masking, and composite image generation, facilitated by ArcGIS 10.3 and ERDAS Imagine version 9.1. The results show that oil palm plantations originating from primary forest conversion did not occur within the study area. Most oil palm plantations were established by converting different types of land cover: 46% shrubs, 14% secondary forests, 14% mixed plantations, and the rest from other land uses. This showed that the expansion of oil palm plantations was not the main catalyst for the conversion of forest to non-forest in the study area.
Application of Taguchi design to optimize the operational parameters of pyramid solar still integrated with TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Senthilkumar N , Yuvaperiyasamy M , Deepanraj B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The global community is currently grappling with mounting concerns over the scarcity of fresh water, a situation that has emerged due to a complex interplay of various factors. One viable solution to address this issue is the use of renewable energy-powered water desalination. This study presents a thorough assessment of pyramid solar still (PSS) and its modified versions (MPSS) efficiency, which involves the integration of phase change material (PCM) and nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2) in the solar still. The experiments were conducted simultaneously under identical conditions for both the PSS and the modified still. Assessment of the MPSS was conducted, taking into account various operating parameters, including solar intensity (300–900 W m−2), water depth (4–8 cm), water inlet temperature (30 °C–50 °C), and the nTiO2 concentration (0.5–1.5 wt%). In addition, the Taguchi method was used to pinpoint the factors influencing the efficiency of the solar stills, as well as their respective levels. The signal-to-noise ratio and mean response were employed to identify the ideal levels of these parameters. Furthermore, the ANOVA method was utilized to assess the important factors and their impact on the overall production. Additionally, the regression method was employed to examine the type and magnitude of the correlation between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Finally, the estimated optimum production was compared to both the predicted productivity and the actual experimental productivity. An ideal condition was 900 W m−2 intensity of solar radiation, 4 cm depth of water, 50 °C of saline water temperature, and 1 wt% nTiO2 concentration.
Feminist Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Jenkins Katharine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Feminist Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction explains some key ideas and debates in feminist philosophy. It provides an overview of the notion of gender oppression and asks what it is to be a woman and whether there is a distinctive kind of women’s knowledge. The VSI adopts an intersectional approach focused on the combined impact of several factors like race and class alongside gender. It discusses feminist views on the relationship between the personal and the political, including accounts of beauty, objectification, and sexuality. It also considers the extent to which broader aspects of the world, such as justice, work, and the environment, can be considered feminist issues.
Are women oppressed?
Authors: Jenkins Katharine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the idea that women are oppressed. It notes Marilyn Frye’s worry that the term oppression can be stretched to meaninglessness due to the word being applied to any human experience of limitation or suffering regardless of the cause, degree, or consequence. The chapter assesses Frye’s account of oppression in terms of interlocking structures of social barriers that limit some people but not others. It also highlights feminist work, including by Kimberlé Crenshaw, showing that gender does not operate alone, but rather intersects with other aspects of oppression, such as race and class. Finally, it considers whether the idea of women as a social group can survive this observation.
The death of authoritarian regimes
Authors: Loxton James 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the death of authoritarian regimes and the related concept of democratization. It begins by discussing modernization theory, which argues that economic development makes democracy more likely. It then discusses two additional factors that can have a major impact: the international environment and leadership. The chapter shows how in the final decades of the 20th century, changes in the United States, the Soviet Union, and the Catholic Church made the world less hospitable to authoritarianism. At the same time, the conciliatory gestures and policy concessions made by opposition leaders like Nelson Mandela made democracy less frightening to supporters of authoritarianism in countries such as South Africa.
The puzzle of authoritarian durability
Authors: Loxton James 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the puzzle of authoritarian durability, or why some authoritarian regimes are more resilient than others. Why, for example, did communist regimes collapse in Eastern Europe in 1989, but not in China despite the outbreak of mass protests in Tiananmen Square that same year? After considering the possible role of culture, the chapter discusses three factors that can help to prop up authoritarian regimes: natural resource wealth, origins in violent revolution, and cross-border collaboration. It shows how these factors have contributed to authoritarian durability in countries such as Saudi Arabia, China, and Belarus.
Legacies of authoritarianism
Authors: Loxton James 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers how legacies of authoritarianism may persist after a transition to democracy. After discussing the unhealed wound of human rights abuses in countries like Argentina, it turns its attention to two lesser-known but extremely widespread legacies: “holdover constitutions” imposed by outgoing authoritarian officials, and “authoritarian successor parties” created by those officials. The frequent success of the latter is especially disturbing, since these parties can only succeed under democracy if voters voluntarily choose to support them. The chapter shows how authoritarian successor parties often inherit resources from the old regime that help them to thrive in democratic elections. It concludes by asking how democratic leaders should respond to authoritarian legacies, arguing that there may be pragmatic reasons to proceed with caution.
The failed experiment of democratic constitutionalism
Authors: Taylor Brian D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The dominant political order in Russia for centuries has been autocratic. In 1993, Russia adopted a new constitution that was supposed to underpin a democratic political order in which citizens had extensive rights and the various branches of government would check and balance each other. However, democratic constitutionalism has failed in Russia—at least so far. The president dominates the political system, and the other branches of power are weak. The state uses both propaganda and repression to prevent challenges to the ruler. This chapter examines the reasons that Russia became an electoral authoritarian regime and a personalist dictatorship under Vladimir Putin.
Tsars and courtiers
Authors: Taylor Brian D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the roles of leaders and elites in Russian politics. Historians have debated whether in the past Russia was an autocracy (the rule of one) or an oligarchy (the rule of the few), and similar debates continue about Russian politics. Informal connections between elites often matter more than formal state positions, a way of organizing politics sometimes referred to as “patronal.” Different elite groupings vie for influence and wealth. The chapter discusses the relative influence of the desire for wealth and power versus elite ideas in driving Russian politics. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future possible directions for Russian politics.
Parasitic plants show striking convergence in host preference across angiosperm lineages
Authors: Hatt Sebastian A , Grace Olwen M , Zuntini Alex R , Cameron Duncan D , Thorogood Chris J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and aims
The host specificity of a parasite underpins its ecology, distribution, invasive potential and adaptability, yet for most parasitic plants host ranges are poorly understood. We examine host-parasite relationships across lineages to infer how host specificity may have influenced the evolution of parasitism in plants.

Methods
Host preference data for all plant holoparasite species were manually collected from literature and herbarium specimens, then analysed to investigate and visualise host diversity and specificity.

Key Results
We reveal a disproportionality in host preference across host lineages: the Asteraceae contains 10% of angiosperm diversity but is infected by 31% of parasite species; meanwhile Monocots comprise 23% but are infected by just 3.2%. Furthermore, we observe striking convergence in host preference: Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae and Fabaceae are infected by six, five and four independent parasite lineages, respectively. We also demonstrate considerable variation in the degree of host specificity among closely related parasite species; a result that does not reflect the expectation of holoparasites – especially endoparasites - as host specialists.

Conclusions
The marked pattern of convergence in preference across disparate lineages points to a common pathway in the evolution of parasitism of eudicots in preference to monocots, which may have in turn have been driven by a divergence in host root and vascular architecture. The unexpected variation in host specificity among closely related species suggests that even apparent generalists may comprise cryptic host-specific taxa. This highlights the value of host preference as an additional consideration in parasitic plant taxonomy. Together, our data point to a complex interplay between ecological and physiological factors driving the evolution of host-parasite interactions. Moreover, they emphasize how little is known about the ecology of most holoparasitic plants, a group of organisms that are especially vulnerable at a time of unprecedented biodiversity loss and extinction.