bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surrogate arterial phase imaging using a long duration (≈1.5 min) radial acquisition T1-weighted sequence: an alternative in patients unable to breath-hold
Authors: AlObaidy Mamdoh , Ramalho Miguel , Busireddy Kiran KR , Dale Brian M , Burke Lauren M , Altun Ersan , Liu Baodong , Semelka Richard C 
Published: November 2015

Background Pediatric and adult patients unable to suspend respiration generally undergo magnetic resonance (MR) examinations that lack arterial phase imaging, which is a phase that provides substantial information on disease processes. An MR strategy that provides this type of information may be of considerable value. Purpose To describe and assess the feasibility and enhancement quality of early-phase imaging utilizing long-duration radial 3D-GRE imaging by initiating the sequence prior to starting contrast injection. Material and Methods Thirty-three consecutive patients (10 men, 23 women; 50.7 ± 25.5 years) underwent free-breathing gadolinium-enhanced radial 3D-GRE, with sequence initiation 30 s prior to contrast injection. Late hepatic arterial (LHA) phase was chosen for comparison. Images were evaluated for enhancement and overall image quality. Organ enhancement was calculated. Sub-group analysis was performed. Results Twenty-two examinations of radial 3D-GRE sequences were acquired during the LHA phase. Organ enhancement scores were of satisfactory to good quality (range, 3.32–3.82). There was a significant trend of superior overall enhancement quality scores in pediatrics and examinations performed at 3 T (P = 0.0225 and 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion Arterial phase abdominal MR imaging is feasible using conventional radial 3D-GRE by adopting this simplistic proposed approach, which may allow arterial-phase imaging in patients unable to breath-hold.
Assessment of female ballet dancers’ ankles in the en pointe position using high field strength magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Russell Jeffrey A , Yoshioka Hiroshi 
Published: November 2015

Background The en pointe position of the ankle in ballet is extreme. Previously, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of ballet dancers’ ankles en pointe was confined to a low field, open MR device. Purpose To develop a reproducible ankle MRI protocol for ballet dancers en pointe and to assess the positions of the key structures in the dancers ankles. Material and Methods Six female ballet dancers participated; each was randomly assigned to stand en pointe while one of her feet and ankles was splinted with wooden rods affixed with straps or to begin with the ankle in neutral position. She lay in an MR scanner with the ankle inside a knee coil for en pointe imaging and inside an ankle/foot coil for neutral position imaging. Proton density weighted images with and without fat suppression and 3D water excitation gradient recalled echo images were obtained en pointe and in neutral position in sagittal, axial, and coronal planes. We compared the bones, cartilage, and soft tissues within and between positions. Results No difficulties using the protocol were encountered. En pointe the posterior articular surface of the tibial plafond was incongruent with the talar dome and rested on the posterior talus. The posterior edge of the plafond impinged Kager’s fat pad. All participants exhibited one or more small ganglion cysts about the ankle and proximal foot, as well as fluid accumulation in the flexor and fibularis tendon sheaths. Conclusion Our MRI protocol allows assessment of female ballet dancers’ ankles in the extreme plantar flexion position in which the dancers perform. We consistently noted incongruence of the talocrural joint and convergence of the tibia, talus, and calcaneus posteriorly. This protocol may be useful for clinicians who evaluate dancers.
sec-Butylpropylacetamide (SPD) has antimigraine properties
Authors: Kaufmann Dan , Bates Emily A , Yagen Boris , Bialer Meir , Saunders Gerald H , Wilcox Karen , White H Steve , Brennan KC 
Published: November 2015

Background Though migraine is disabling and affects 12%–15% of the population, there are few drugs that have been developed specifically for migraine prevention. Valproic acid (VPA) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED) that is also used for migraine prophylaxis, but its clinical use is limited by its side effect profile. sec-Butylpropylacetamide (SPD) is a novel VPA derivative, designed to be more potent and tolerable than VPA, that has shown efficacy in animal seizure and pain models. Methods We evaluated SPD’s antimigraine potential in the cortical spreading depression (CSD) and nitroglycerin (NTG) models of migraine. To evaluate SPD’s mechanism of action, we performed whole-cell recordings on cultured cortical neurons and neuroblastoma cells. Results In the CSD model, the SPD-treated group showed a significantly lower median number of CSDs compared to controls. In the NTG-induced mechanical allodynia model, SPD dose-dependently reduced mechanical sensitivity compared to controls. SPD showed both a significant potentiation of GABA-mediated currents and a smaller but significant decrease in NMDA currents in cultured cortical neurons. Kainic acid-evoked currents and voltage-dependent sodium channel currents were not changed by SPD. Conclusions These results demonstrate SPD’s potential as a promising novel antimigraine compound, and suggest a GABAergic mechanism of action.
Food insecurity and migraine in Canada
Authors: Dooley Joseph M , Gordon Kevin E , Kuhle Stefan 
Published: November 2015

Aim The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of household food insecurity in individuals reporting migraine within a large population-based sample of Canadians. Methods The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) uses a stratified cluster sample design to obtain information on Canadians ≥12 years of age. Data on household food insecurity were assessed for individuals who reported having migraine or not, providing a current point prevalence. This was assessed for stability in two CCHS datasets from four and eight years earlier. Factors associated with food insecurity among those reporting migraine were examined and a logistic regression model of food insecurity was developed. We also examined whether food insecurity was associated with other reported chronic health conditions. Results Of 48,645 eligible survey respondents, 4614 reported having migraine (weighted point prevalence 10.2%). Food insecurity was reported by 14.8% who reported migraine compared with 6.8% of those not reporting migraine, giving an odds ratio of 2.4 (95% confidence interval 2.0–2.8%). This risk estimate was stable over the previous eight years. The higher risk for food insecurity was not unique to migraine and was seen with some, but not all, chronic health conditions reported in the CCHS. Conclusions Food insecurity is more frequent among individuals reporting migraine in Canada.
Risk of infection among patients with non-metastatic solid tumors or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy and antimicrobial prophylaxis in US clinical practice
Authors: Weycker Derek , Chandler David , Barron Rich , Xu Hairong , Wu Hongsheng , Edelsberg John , Lyman Gary H 
Published: November 2015

Purpose Guidelines generally do not recommend oral antimicrobials for prophylaxis against chemotherapy-related infections in patients with solid tumors. Evidence on antimicrobial prophylaxis use, and associated chemotherapy-related infection risk, in US clinical practice is limited. Methods A retrospective cohort design and data from two US private healthcare claims repositories (2008–2011) were employed. Study population included adults who received myelosuppressive chemotherapy for non-metastatic cancer of the breast, colon/rectum, or lung, or for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. For each subject, the first chemotherapy course was characterized, and within the first course, each chemotherapy cycle and chemotherapy-related infection episode was identified. Use of prophylaxis with oral antimicrobials and colony-stimulating factors in each cycle also was identified. Results A total of 7116 (22% of all) non-metastatic breast cancer, 1833 (15%) non-metastatic colorectal cancer, 1999 (15%) non-metastatic lung cancer, and 1949 (21%) non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients received antimicrobial prophylaxis in ≥1 cycle. Mean number of antimicrobial prophylaxis cycles during the course among these patients was typically <2, with little difference across cancers and chemotherapy regimens. Fluoroquinolones were the most commonly received class of antimicrobials, accounting for 20%–50% all antimicrobials administered. Among subjects who received first-cycle antimicrobial prophylaxis, chemotherapy-related infection risk in that cycle ranged from 3% to 6% across cancer types. Among patients who received first-cycle antimicrobial prophylaxis and developed chemotherapy-related infections, 38%–67% required inpatient care. Chemotherapy-related infection risk in subsequent cycles with antimicrobial prophylaxis was comparable. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that use of antimicrobial prophylaxis during myelosuppressive chemotherapy is far from uncommon in clinical practice. The results also suggest that an important minority of cancer chemotherapy patients receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis still develop serious infection requiring hospitalization.
The thickness of the A2 pulley and the flexor tendon are related to the severity of trigger finger: results of a prospective study using high-resolution ultrasonography
Authors: Kim S.-J. , Lee C.-H. , Choi W.-S. , Lee B.-G. , Kim J.-H. , Lee K.-H. 
Published: November 2015

We aimed to investigate the relationship between the pulley-tendon complexes and the severity of trigger finger. The thickness of the A1 and A2 pulleys, and the cross-sectional area of the flexor tendon under the pulleys, were prospectively assessed using 17 MHz high-resolution ultrasonography, in 20 patients with trigger finger (31 fingers). A control group comprised 15 asymptomatic fingers. The thickness of the A1 pulley and the proximal part of the A2 pulley, and the cross-sectional area of the flexor tendon under the A2 pulley, were significantly increased in the patient group. Clinical grade was significantly correlated with the thickness of the A1 pulley, the thickness of the proximal part of the A2 pulley, and the cross-sectional area of the flexor tendon under the proximal part of the A2 pulley. This study confirmed that the thickness of the A2 pulley and flexor tendon under the A2 pulley seems to be related to the severity of trigger finger. Level of evidences: Level III
Determination of the longitudinal median nerve mobility in different neurodynamic techniques
Authors: Gonzalez-Suarez Consuelo , NathleenDizon Jan , Cua Ronald , Cabungcal-Fidel Belinda , Dones Valentin , Lesniewski Peter , Thomas John C 
Published: November 2015

Background Neurodynamic techniques which include tensioning and gliding techniques are being employed in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. There are few in vivo studies that have assessed the longitudinal mobility of the nerve using these techniques. The objective of this study was to determine the longitudinal excursion of the median nerve at the level of the wrist and distal arm by having the cervical spine lateral flexion or the wrist extension as terminal movement. Method Twenty healthy participants were included in the study. Techniques 1 and 2 had wrist extension as its terminal movement while techniques 3 and 4 had ipsilateral and contralateral neck lateral flexion as its terminal motion. Median nerve longitudinal excursion was determined using dynamic ultrasound and was measured by a motion tracking analysis program employing a fast template tracking method. Results Regardless of neurodynamic techniques, longitudinal mobility is highest at the wrist and arm level if the terminal movement is wrist extension. Median nerve excursion at the wrist and arm levels is 15.53 ± 7.04 mm and 6.82 ± 2.97 mm for technique 1 and 13.43 ± 5.64 and 5.33 ± 2.37 mm for technique 2, respectively. There was a significant decrease in median nerve excursion at the wrist level when the terminal movement was at the cervical spine. Conclusion The largest median nerve excursion in the arm and wrist occurred when wrist extension is the terminal movement. Contralateral cervical lateral flexion with a prepositioned extended wrist produced the least motion of the median nerve at both sites.
Draft genome sequence of Cellulomonas carbonis T26T and comparative analysis of six Cellulomonas genomes
Authors: Zhuang Weiping , Zhang Shengzhe , Xia Xian , Wang Gejiao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMost Cellulomonas strains are cellulolytic and this feature may be applied in straw degradation and bioremediation. In this study, Cellulomonas carbonis T26T, Cellulomonas bogoriensis DSM 16987T and Cellulomonas cellasea 20108T were sequenced. Here we described the draft genomic information of C. carbonis T26T and compared it to the related Cellulomonas genomes. Strain T26T has a 3,990,666 bp genome size with a G + C content of 73.4 %, containing 3418 protein-coding genes and 59 RNA genes. The results showed good correlation between the genotypes and the physiological phenotypes. The information are useful for the better application of the Cellulomonas strains.
Myostatin Attenuation In Vivo Reduces Adiposity, but Activates Adipogenesis
Authors: Li Naisi , Yang Qiyuan , Walker Ryan G. , Thompson Thomas B. , Du Min , Rodgers Buel D. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A potentially novel approach for treating obesity includes attenuating myostatin as this increases muscle mass and decreases fat mass. Notwithstanding, conflicting studies report that myostatin stimulates or inhibits adipogenesis and it is unknown whether reduced adiposity with myostatin attenuation results from changes in fat deposition or adipogenesis. We therefore quantified changes in the stem, transit amplifying and progenitor cell pool in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) using label-retaining wild-type and mstn−/− (Jekyll) mice. Muscle mass was larger in Jekyll mice, WAT and BAT mass was smaller and label induction was equal in all tissues from both wild-type and Jekyll mice. The number of label-retaining cells, however, dissipated quicker in WAT and BAT of Jekyll mice and was only 25% and 17%, respectively, of wild-type cell counts 1 month after induction. Adipose cell density was significantly higher in Jekyll mice and increased over time concomitant with label-retaining cell disappearance, which is consistent with enhanced expansion and differentiation of the stem, transit amplifying and progenitor pool. Stromal vascular cells from Jekyll WAT and BAT differentiated into mature adipocytes at a faster rate than wild-type cells and although Jekyll WAT cells also proliferated quicker in vitro, those from BAT did not. Differentiation marker expression in vitro, however, suggests that mstn−/− BAT preadipocytes are far more sensitive to the suppressive effects of myostatin. These results suggest that myostatin attenuation stimulates adipogenesis in vivo and that the reduced adiposity in mstn−/− animals results from nutrient partitioning away from fat and in support of muscle.
Functional brain regeneration in the acoel worm Symsagittifera roscoffensis
Authors: Sprecher Simon G. , Bernardo-Garcia F. Javier , van Giesen Lena , Hartenstein Volker , Reichert Heinrich , Neves Ricardo , Bailly Xavier , Martinez Pedro , Brauchle Michael 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
The ability of some animals to regrow their head and brain after decapitation provides a striking example of the regenerative capacity within the animal kingdom. The acoel worm Symsagittifera roscoffensis can regrow its head, brain and sensory head organs within only a few weeks after decapitation. How rapidly and to what degree it also reacquires its functionality to control behavior however remains unknown. We provide here a neuroanatomical map of the brain neuropils of the adult S. roscoffensis and show that after decapitation a normal neuroanatomical organization of the brain is restored in the majority of animals. By testing different behaviors we further show that functionality of both sensory perception and the underlying brain architecture are restored within weeks after decapitation. Interestingly not all behaviors are restored at the same speed and to the same extent. While we find that phototaxis recovered rapidly, geotaxis is not restored within 7 weeks. Our findings show that regeneration of the head, sensory organs and brain result in the restoration of directed navigation behavior, suggesting a tight coordination in the regeneration of certain sensory organs with that of their underlying neural circuits. Thus, at least in S. roscoffensis, the regenerative capacity of different sensory modalities follows distinct paths.
Flea fitness is reduced by high fractional concentrations of CO2 that simulate levels found in their hosts' burrows
Authors: Downs Cynthia J. , Pinshow Berry , Khokhlova Irina S. , Krasnov Boris R. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Nidicolous ectoparasites such as fleas and gamasid mites that feed on small and medium-sized mammals spend much of their time in their hosts' burrows, which provide an environment for living, and often feeding, to their pre-imaginal and/or adult stages. Thus, these ectoparasites should be adapted to environmental conditions in burrows, including high fractional concentrations of CO2 (FCO2). We examined how a high FCO2 (0.04) affected survival and reproductive success of a hematophagous ectoparasite of burrowing rodents using fleas Xenopsylla ramesis and Sundevall's jirds Meriones crassus. In the first experiment, fleas fed on hosts housed in high-CO2 (FCO2=0.04) or atmospheric-CO2 (FCO2≈0.0004) air, and were allowed to breed. In a second experiment, fleas were maintained in high CO2 or CO2-free air with no hosts to determine how CO2 levels affect survival and activity levels. We found that at high FCO2 fleas laid fewer eggs, reducing reproductive success. In addition, at high FCO2, activity levels and survival of fleas were reduced. Our results indicate that fleas do not perform well in the FCO2 used in this experiment. Previous research indicated that the type and intensity of the effects of CO2 concentration on the fitness of an insect depend on the FCO2 used, so we advise caution when generalizing inferences drawn to insects exposed to other FCO2. If, however, FCO2 found in natural mammal burrows brings about reduced fitness in fleas in general, then burrowing hosts may benefit from reduced parasite infestation if burrow air FCO2 is high.
Avian thermoregulation in the heat: resting metabolism, evaporative cooling and heat tolerance in Sonoran Desert doves and quail
Authors: Smith Eric Krabbe , O'Neill Jacqueline , Gerson Alexander R. , Wolf Blair O. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Birds in subtropical deserts face significant thermoregulatory challenges because environmental temperatures regularly exceed avian body temperature. To understand the differing susceptibility of desert birds to increasing temperatures, we examined thermoregulatory performance and estimated heat tolerance limits (HTLs) for three Sonoran Desert nesting bird species – Gambel's quail, mourning doves and white-winged doves. Using flow-through respirometry we measured daytime resting metabolism, evaporative water loss and real-time body temperature at air temperatures (Tair) from 30°C to 66°C. We found marked increases in resting metabolism at the upper critical temperature (Tuc), which was significantly lower in the quail (Tair=41.1°C) than in both dove species (Tair=45.9–46.5°C). Gambel's quail maintained low resting metabolic rates and low rates of evaporative water loss at their Tuc (0.71 W and 1.20 g H2O h−1, respectively), but were more sensitive to increasing air temperature, reaching their HTL at Tair of 52°C. Mourning doves and white-winged doves maintained low resting metabolic rates (0.66 and 0.94 W), but higher rates of evaporative water loss (1.91 and 2.99 g H2O h−1) at their Tuc and reached their HTL at Tair of 58–60°C. Mass-specific evaporative water loss in white-winged doves (147 g) and mourning doves (104 g) was 45% and 30% greater, respectively, than the rate observed in Gambel's quail (161 g) at Tair of 48°C. Higher rates of evaporation and higher Tuc made the doves exceptionally heat tolerant, allowing them to maintain body temperatures at least 14°C below air temperatures as high as 60°C (140°F).
Trigonal Bipyramid Ni3Cl3O2 Cluster Showing the High-Spin S = 3 Ground State with Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropy
Authors: Ida Yumi , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Ishida Takayuki 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We have prepared a novel nickel(II) trinuclear compound [Ni3(tmen)3(µ2-Cl)3(µ3-OMe)(µ3-OH)](BPh4)·0.5MeOH·0.5CH2Cl2 (1; tmen: N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) with a trigonal bipyramid molecular structure, where the basal plane consists of Ni3(µ2-Cl)3 atoms. Two known compounds [Ni3(tmen)3X4(OH)]X (X = Cl (2), Br (3)) were also investigated. Magnetic study clarified the ground high-spin (S = 3) state, and the intramolecular exchange coupling parameters were determined as 2J/kB = 18.0 ± 0.2, 27.2 ± 0.2, and 19.6 ± 0.2 K for 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Crystallographic analysis clarified the unique geometry of 1. The molecular axes are aligned almost parallel in the crystallographic b axis. Relatively short intermolecular Cl···Cl distances (3.725(1) and 3.847(2) Å) are found among linearly arrayed complex ions. A single-crystal magnetic study gave a zero-field-splitting parameter DS=3/kB = −2.2 ± 0.1 K. An intermolecular exchange coupling parameter was determined as 2j/kB = −0.15 ± 0.01 K from simulation. A pulsed-field magnetization study at 0.5 K for 1 showed a jump around 1.2 T, which is explained in terms of intermolecular interaction. Alternating current magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed the Arrhenius behavior with Ea = 10.1 ± 0.8 K at zero bias field. Therefore, the magnetic properties of 1 can be understood as an antiferromagnetic chain made of potential single-molecule magnets.
Computational Picture of Silyl Transfer from Silylsilatranes to Arylpalladium Chloride
Authors: Guo Jing-Dong , Sasamori Takahiro , Yamamoto Yutaro , Matsubara Hiroshi , Nagase Shigeru , Yorimitsu Hideki 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The previously reported palladium-catalyzed silylation of aryl chlorides with silylsilatranes was theoretically reinvestigated by DFT calculations with a focus on the effect of the transannular Si–N coordination on silyl transfer. The Si–N coordination proved to be not so influential as to accelerate the silyl transfer. However, it should be of benefit to use silylsilatranes as silylating agents because of their easy handling and facile preparation.
The Organometallic Chemistry of Boron-Containing Pincer Ligands based on Diazaboroles and Carboranes
Authors: Yamashita Makoto 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this article, recent developments regarding the organometallic chemistry of boron-containing pincer ligands are reviewed. Boron-based pincer ligands can be subdivided into two main classes, which are based on either diazaborole or carborane. All the papers relevant to such boron-based pincer ligands that have been published since 2009 are included in this review, which also summarizes applications of transition-metal complexes containing such boron-containing pincer ligands in catalytic and/or bond-cleavage reactions.