bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXTENDED MHD TURBULENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO THE SOLAR WIND
Authors: Abdelhamid Hamdi M. , Lingam Manasvi , Mahajan Swadesh M. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Extended MHD is a one-fluid model that incorporates two-fluid effects such as electron inertia and the Hall drift. This model is used to construct fully nonlinear Alfvénic wave solutions, and thereby derive the kinetic and magnetic spectra by resorting to a Kolmogorov-like hypothesis based on the constant cascading rates of the energy and generalized helicities of this model. The magnetic and kinetic spectra are derived in the ideal

, Hall

, and electron inertia

regimes; k is the wavenumber and

is the skin depth of species “s.” In the Hall regime, it is shown that the emergent results are fully consistent with previous numerical and analytical studies, especially in the context of the solar wind. The focus is primarily on the electron inertia regime, where magnetic energy spectra with power-law indexes of

and

are always recovered. The latter, in particular, is quite close to recent observational evidence from the solar wind with a potential slope of approximately −4 in this regime. It is thus plausible that these spectra may constitute a part of the (extended) inertial range, as opposed to the standard “dissipation” range paradigm.
EVIDENCE OF SPREADING LAYER EMISSION IN A THERMONUCLEAR SUPERBURST
Authors: Koljonen K. I. I. , Kajava J. J. E. , Kuulkers E. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
When a neutron star (NS) accretes matter from a companion star in a low-mass X-ray binary, the accreted gas settles onto the stellar surface through a boundary/spreading layer. On rare occasions the accumulated gas undergoes a powerful thermonuclear superburst powered by carbon burning deep below the NS atmosphere. In this paper, we apply the non-negative matrix factorization spectral decomposition technique to show that the spectral variations during a superburst from 4U 1636–536 can be explained by two distinct components: (1) the superburst emission characterized by a variable temperature blackbody radiation component and (2) a quasi-Planckian component with a constant, ∼2.5 keV, temperature varying by a factor of ∼15 in flux. The spectrum of the quasi-Planckian component is identical in shape and characteristics to the frequency-resolved spectra observed in the accretion/persistent spectrum of NS low-mass X-ray binaries and agrees well with the predictions of the spreading layer model by Inogamov & Sunyaev. Our results provide yet more observational evidence that superbursts—and possibly also normal X-ray bursts—induce changes in the disc–star boundary.
THE MAGNETIC FURNACE: INTENSE CORE DYNAMOS IN B STARS
Authors: Augustson Kyle C. , Brun Allan Sacha , Toomre Juri 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The dynamo action achieved in the convective cores of main-sequence massive stars is explored here through three-dimensional (3D) global simulations of convective core dynamos operating within a young

B-type star, using the anelastic spherical harmonic code. These simulations capture the inner 65% of this star by radius, encompassing the convective nuclear-burning core (about 23% by radius) and a portion of the overlying radiative envelope. Eight rotation rates are considered, ranging from 0.05% to 16% of the surface breakup velocity, thereby capturing both convection that barely senses the effects of rotation and other situations in which the Coriolis forces are prominent. The vigorous dynamo action realized within all of these turbulent convective cores builds magnetic fields with peak strengths exceeding a megagauss, with the overall magnetic energy (ME) in the faster rotators reaching super-equipartition levels compared to the convective kinetic energy (KE). The core convection typically involves turbulent columnar velocity structures roughly aligned with the rotation axis, with magnetic fields threading through these rolls and possessing complex linkages throughout the core. The very strong fields are able to coexist with the flows without quenching them through Lorentz forces. The velocity and magnetic fields achieve such a state by being nearly co-aligned, and with peak magnetic islands being somewhat displaced from the fastest flows as the intricate evolution proceeds. As the rotation rate is increased, the primary force balance shifts from nonlinear advection balancing Lorentz forces to a magnetostrophic balance between Coriolis and Lorentz forces.
NEON AND
158 μm EMISSION LINE PROFILES IN DUSTY STARBURSTS AND ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
Authors: Samsonyan Anahit , Weedman Daniel , Lebouteiller Vianney , Barry Donald , Sargsyan Lusine 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
A sample of 379 extragalactic sources is presented that has mid-infrared, high-resolution spectroscopy from the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) and also spectroscopy of the [C ii] 158 μm line from the Herschel Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS). The emission line profiles of [Ne ii] 12.81 μm, [Ne iii] 15.55 μm, and [C ii] 158 μm are presented, and intrinsic line widths are determined (full width half maximum of Gaussian profiles after instrumental correction). All line profiles, together with overlays comparing the positions of PACS and IRS observations, are made available in the Cornell Atlas of Spitzer IRS Sources. Sources are classified from active galactic nucleus (AGN) to starburst based on equivalent widths of the 6.2 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon feature. It is found that intrinsic line widths do not change among classifications for [C ii], with median widths of 207 km s−1 for AGNs, 248 km s−1 for composites, and 233 km s−1 for starbursts. The [Ne ii] line widths also do not change with classification, but [Ne iii] lines are progressively broader from starburst to AGN. A few objects with unusually broad lines or unusual redshift differences in any feature are identified.
THE ARIZONA RADIO OBSERVATORY CO MAPPING SURVEY OF GALACTIC MOLECULAR CLOUDS. V. THE SH2-235 CLOUD IN CO J = 2 − 1, 13CO J = 2 − 1, AND CO J = 3 − 2
Authors: Bieging John H. , Patel Saahil , Peters William L. , Toth L. Viktor , Marton Gábor , Zahorecz Sarolta 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a program to map the Sh2-235 molecular cloud complex in the CO and 13CO J = 2 − 1 transitions using the Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope. The map resolution is 38″ (FWHM), with an rms noise of 0.12 K brightness temperature, for a velocity resolution of 0.34 km s−1. With the same telescope, we also mapped the CO J = 3 − 2 line at a frequency of 345 GHz, using a 64 beam focal plane array of heterodyne mixers, achieving a typical rms noise of 0.5 K brightness temperature with a velocity resolution of 0.23 km s−1. The three spectral line data cubes are available for download. Much of the cloud appears to be slightly sub-thermally excited in the J = 3 level, except for in the vicinity of the warmest and highest column density areas, which are currently forming stars. Using the CO and 13CO J = 2 − 1 lines, we employ an LTE model to derive the gas column density over the entire mapped region. Examining a 125 pc2 region centered on the most active star formation in the vicinity of Sh2-235, we find that the young stellar object surface density scales as approximately the 1.6-power of the gas column density. The area distribution function of the gas is a steeply declining exponential function of gas column density. Comparison of the morphology of ionized and molecular gas suggests that the cloud is being substantially disrupted by expansion of the H ii regions, which may be triggering current star formation.
MAGNETAR-LIKE X-RAY BURSTS FROM A ROTATION-POWERED PULSAR, PSR J1119–6127
Authors: Göğüş Ersin , Lin Lin , Kaneko Yuki , Kouveliotou Chryssa , Watts Anna L. , Chakraborty Manoneeta , Alpar M. Ali , Huppenkothen Daniela , Roberts Oliver J. , Younes George , van der Horst Alexander J. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Two energetic hard X-ray bursts from the rotation-powered pulsar PSR J1119−6127 recently triggered the Fermi and Swift space observatories. We have performed in-depth spectral and temporal analyses of these two events. Our extensive searches in both observatories’ data for lower luminosity bursts uncovered 10 additional events from the source. We report here on the timing and energetics of the 12 bursts from PSR J1119−6127 during its burst active phase on 2016 July 26 and 28. We also found a spectral softer X-ray flux enhancement in a post-burst episode, which shows evidence of cooling. Here we discuss the implications of these results on the nature of this unusual high-field radio pulsar, which firmly place it within the typical magnetar population.
A Partnership Approach to Genetic and Genomic Graduate Nursing Curriculum: Report of a New Course's Impact on Student Confidence
Authors: Williams Tamara , Dale Rosemary 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Genetics and genomics have historically not been included in nursing curricula but are increasingly important in health care delivery. A course was developed through a collaboration between nursing and pathology faculty, combining nursing practice and genomics content expertise.

Method:
Graduate nursing students enrolled in the course self-reported confidence in the 38 American Nurses Association essential genetic and genomic competencies prior to, immediately after, and 9 months after completing the course.

Results:
Before the course, students reported low confidence across all competencies. Students indicated a significant improvement in confidence in all competencies with an average 2-point improvement on a 5-point Likert scale, both immediately and 9 months after course completion.

Conclusion:

A course rooted in basic science directly linked to nursing application can prepare nurses to develop a sustained confidence in core competencies. Cross-disciplinary collaborations with faculty who have expertise in genomics may be an effective strategy for nursing programs. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(10):574–578.]
Developing PhD Nurse Scientists: Do Bachelor of Science in Nursing Honors Programs Help?
Authors: Neuberger Geri B. 
Published: September 2016

Background:

The critical need for more nurses with research doctoral degrees to replace vacancies among retiring nursing faculty and nurse administrators is identified. The
Future of Nursing
report recommends that the number of nurses with PhD degrees double by 2020.

Method:
Encouraging nursing students to begin doctoral education early in their careers is essential to meeting this goal now and in the future. One method to promote early enrollment into doctoral education is participation in a bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) honors program. We describe the recruitment and application process, mentor selection, scholarly activities, and publication of final manuscripts for one such program.

Results:
The success of one BSN honors program in enabling graduation with university honors and encouraging enrollment and graduation with doctoral degrees is described.

Conclusions:

The development of more BSN Honors programs and enhancement of activities of current programs are recommended. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(10):579–582.]
Longitudinal Changes in Refractive Error in a Pediatric Referral Population in Korea
Authors: Kim Young Shin , Lee Seung-Yup , Park Song-hee 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:
To investigate changes in the spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error and astigmatism in a pediatric referral population in Korea with longitudinal follow-up and to evaluate the effect of risk factors on changes in refractive error.

Methods:
This was a retrospective case series. In total, 221 patients who presented to a tertiary care hospital when aged 3 to 9 years and who underwent at least 10 years of follow-up were enrolled. The patients were divided into groups in terms of the initial extent of SE refractive error, the initial extent of astigmatism, sex, and ocular alignment. Changes in SE and astigmatism were compared among the groups.

Results:
The patients were followed up for a mean of 11.19 ± 1.81 years. An overall negative shift in SE refractive error and increasing tendency in astigmatism during the follow-up period were noted. The negative shift in SE refractive error in the myopia group was significantly greater than those in the emmetropia and hyperopia groups. The change in astigmatism in the myopia group was significantly greater than that in the hyperopia group. The change in astigmatism in the low astigmatism group was significantly greater than those in the moderate and high astigmatism groups. Sex did not influence the changes in SE refractive error or astigmatism.

Conclusions:
A pediatric referral population in Korea showed a negative shift in SE refractive error and increasing tendency in astigmatism during childhood. Changes in refractive error may be influenced by the initial degree of SE refractive error and astigmatism.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(1):43–51.]
Childhood disability population-based surveillance: Assessment of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire Third Edition and Washington Group on Disability Statistics/UNICEF module on child functioning in a rural setting in South Africa
Authors: Visser Marieta , Nel Mariette , Bronkhorst Caretha , Brown Lara , Ezendam Zaskia , Mackenzie Kira , Van der Merwe Deidré , Venter Marné 
Published: September 2016

Background: Epidemiological information on childhood disability provides the basis for a country to plan, implement and manage the provision of health, educational and social services for these vulnerable children. There is, however, currently no population-based surveillance instrument that is compatible with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), internationally comparable, methodologically sound and comprehensively researched, to identify children under 5 years of age who are living with disability in South Africa and internationally. We conducted a descriptive pilot study to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of translated versions of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire Third Edition (ASQ-III) and the Washington Group on Disability Statistics/UNICEF module on child functioning (WG/UNICEF module) as parent-reported measures. The aim of our study was to identify early childhood disabilities in children aged 24–48 months in a rural area of South Africa, to determine the appropriateness of these instruments for population-based surveillance in similar contexts internationally.Methods: This study was conducted in the Xhariep District of the Free State Province in central South Africa, with 50 carers whose children were registered on the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) database as recipients of a grant for one of the following: Care Dependency, Child Support or Foster Care. The researchers, assisted by community healthcare workers and SASSA staff members, conducted structured interviews using forward–backward translated versions of the ASQ-III and the WG/UNICEF module.Results: Both measurement instruments had a clinically meaningful sensitivity of 60.0%, high specificity of 95.6% for the ASQ-III and 84.4% for the WG/UNICEF module, and the two instruments agreed moderately (Kappa = 0.6).Conclusion: Since the WG/UNICEF module is quicker to administer, easier to understand and based on the ICF, it can be considered as an appropriate parent-reported measure for large-scale, population-based as well as smaller, community-specific contexts. It is, however, recommended that future research and development continues with the WG/UNICEF module to enhance its conceptual equivalence for larger-scale, population-based studies in South Africa and internationally.
Hyperglycemia: A Predictor of Death in Severe Head Injury Patients
Authors: Kafaki Simin Babaie , Alaedini Kamaledin , Qorbani Ashkan , Asadian Leila , Haddadi Kaveh 
Published: September 2016

Objectives Management of hyperglycemia during an acute sickness in adults is accompanied by improved outcomes. We have designed a prospective study with meticulous attention to exclude all diabetes patients by checking hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c or glycated hemoglobin) to avoid the ill-effects of hyperglycemia in patients with traumatic head injury admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods This prospective study included adults with traumatic primary brain injury with a Glasgow coma score of ≥8 necessitating mechanical ventilation treated in the period 2012–2015. After screening 311 patients, 220 were included in the study. Both blood glucose and HbA1c levels of all the patients at admission, as well as blood glucose level after 72 hours, were obtained from the records. The patients were later grouped based on their admission blood glucose levels (<200 mg/dL or ≤200 mg/dL). Injury severity score (ISS) was documented for every patient. As a final point, the outcomes were determined based on the hospital length of stay (HLS) and ICU length of stay (ILS), plusmortality rates. Results About 39% ( n = 85) of patients were admitted with hyperglycemia during the study period. The mortality rate in patients with glucose ≤200 mg/dL was 65.8% ( N = 56), against 23.7% ( N = 32) in the group with glucose <200 mg/dL, with mortality rising as the blood glucose level increased ( P = 0.014). Conclusions We conclude that admission hyperglycemia is related with increased mortality rate in head injury patients, and comprehensive treatment of hyperglycemia can improve the outcome of severe head injury patients.
Greenland during the last interglacial: the relative importance of insolation and oceanic changes
Authors: Pedersen Rasmus A. , Langen Peter L. , Vinther Bo M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Insolation changes during the Eemian (the last interglacial period, 129 000–116 000 years before present) resulted in warmer than present conditions in the Arctic region. The NEEM ice core record suggests warming of 8 ± 4 K in northwestern Greenland based on stable water isotopes. Here we use general circulation model experiments to investigate the causes of the Eemian warming in Greenland. Simulations of the atmospheric response to combinations of Eemian insolation and preindustrial oceanic conditions and vice versa are used to disentangle the impacts of the insolation change and the related changes in sea surface temperatures and sea ice conditions. The changed oceanic conditions cause warming throughout the year, prolonging the impact of the summertime insolation increase. Consequently, the oceanic conditions cause an annual mean warming of 2 K at the NEEM site, whereas the insolation alone causes an insignificant change. Taking the precipitation changes into account, however, the insolation and oceanic changes cause more comparable increases in the precipitation-weighted temperature, implying that both contributions are important for the ice core record at the NEEM site. The simulated Eemian precipitation-weighted warming of 2.4 K at the NEEM site is low compared to the ice core reconstruction, partially due to missing feedbacks related to ice sheet changes and an extensive sea ice cover. Surface mass balance calculations with an energy balance model further indicate that the combination of temperature and precipitation anomalies leads to potential mass loss in the north and southwestern parts of the ice sheet. The oceanic conditions favor increased accumulation in the southeast, while the insolation appears to be the dominant cause of the expected ice sheet reduction. Consequently, the Eemian is not a suitable analogue for future ice sheet changes.
The Phenomenon of State Violence in the Student Community: The Views of Greek University Students
Authors: Danis Stefanos , Kyridis Argyris , Zagkos Christos , Tourtouras Christos 
Published: September 2016

<p>By its nature, the modern nation - state obtains the monopoly of the legitimate authority and the institutionalized violence. The relations of the authority with its citizens are determined by specific regulations and rules, which are supposed to reflect the “social contract”. However, the use of state violence in modern societies is being increased during the periods of economic and political crisis. Thus, in Greece during the years of crisis the use of violence by the state mechanisms is an everyday phenomenon. Our research analyzing the attitude of Greek university students towards state violence in Greece. Regarding methodology, two methodological tools were used, meeting the requirements of the research: a questionnaire with closed questions, in order to quantitatively investigate the attitudes of students regarding various issues, with a 5/point scale Likert. Moreover, a quantitative content analysis was used, investigating a basically qualitative research material, which was derived from the responses to open-ended questions, concerning the perceptions of the university students towards the topic of state violence.</p>
Kaderstellend programma van eisen Wkkgz-geschilleninstanties
Authors: de Groot G. 
Published: September 2016

Kaderstellend programma van eisen Wkkgz-geschilleninstanties
Organisaties van en voor zorgaanbieders, aansprakelijkheidsverzekeraars en consumenten-, cliënten- en patiëntenorganisaties hebben in overleg een breed gedragen kaderstellend programma van eisen ontwikkeld voor de inrichting van geschilleninstanties op basis van de Wet kwaliteit, klachten en geschillen in de zorg (Wkkgz). Deze bijdrage bevat de informatie uit het nieuwsbericht dat zij daarover op internet hebben gepubliceerd en het programma van eisen met de bijbehorende toelichting.
De nieuwe geschillenbeslechting in de zorg: (heel veel) superrechters gevraagd
Authors: Pans E. 
Published: September 2016

De nieuwe geschillenbeslechting in de zorg: (heel veel) superrechters gevraagd
De Wkkgz betekent een ingrijpende hervorming van het klacht- en geschilrecht in de gezondheidszorg. Per 1 januari 2017 is die regeling van kracht. De auteur schetst enkele activiteiten die op dit moment achter de schermen bij de direct betrokken partijen plaatsvinden. Daarnaast signaleert zij acht knelpunten van de Wkkgz en licht deze toe vanuit de theorie en de praktijk.
Artikel 6:165 BW: ‘een als een doen te beschouwen gedraging’
Authors: Vorsselman H. 
Published: September 2016

Artikel 6:165 BW: ‘een als een doen te beschouwen gedraging’
In deze uitspraak tussen twee voormalig echtgenoten staat een tweetal juridische thema’s centraal: de uitleg van het in artikel 6:165 BW opgenomen criterium ‘een als een doen te beschouwen gedraging’ en de vraag of de door een partij in een gerechtelijke procedure gemaakte kosten van rechtsbijstand die niet zijn vergoed door een eventuele proceskostenveroordeling (alsnog) kunnen worden verhaald in een aparte procedure waarin deze kosten worden gevorderd als schade als gevolg van een onrechtmatige daad. Dit in het licht van eerdere procedures tussen dezelfde partijen waarin reeds een oordeel is gegeven over de proceskostenveroordeling.