bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological characteristics of systemic mastocytosis in the intestine
Authors: Shih Angela R , Deshpande Vikram , Ferry Judith A , Zukerberg Lawrence 
Published: July 2016

AimsGastrointestinal (GI) involvement by systemic mastocytosis (SM) presents with non‐specific symptoms, and pathological diagnosis can be difficult when a subtle mast cell infiltrate is present. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinicopathological features in diagnostically challenging cases.Methods and resultsSeven patients with GI biopsies showing an atypical mast cell infiltrate were identified, including three consultation cases in which mast cells were initially overlooked. Clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. Biopsies showed involvement of the large bowel (n = 5), small bowel (n = 1) or both (n = 1) by a wide morphological spectrum of mast cells, including: bland spindle cells; small cells with irregular nuclei; and medium‐sized monotonous cells with abundant pale cytoplasm. The patterns of mucosal involvement included: a polypoid mast cell aggregate (n = 1); a confluent subepithelial band of mast cells (n = 3); and multifocal aggregates of mast cells (n = 3). There were admixed eosinophils with a noticeable lack of plasma cells. Mast cells in all cases showed strong positive staining for CD117 and CD25. All patients fulfilled the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for SM. On follow‐up in four cases, none had progression of disease.ConclusionsAtypical mast cell infiltrates in the intestine are often subtle and can easily be overlooked. Clues to diagnosis include lamina propria expansion by monotonous cells with pale cytoplasm, admixed eosinophils, and the absence of crypt distortion or significant plasmacytic infiltrate. Although most patients with GI involvement by SM are symptomatic, a subset remain asymptomatic, and the absence of clinical suspicion of mast cell disease adds to the difficulty in making a diagnosis of SM.
Optimizing the spectral absorption profile of sunscreens
Authors: Diffey B. L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether sunscreens provide optimal protection by exhibiting a uniform spectral absorption profile throughout the ultraviolet spectrum or by having a spectral profile in which absorption in the UVB waveband is greater than in the UVA region.MethodsA sunscreen with a flat spectral absorption profile was compared with one of the same SPF in which the SPF to UVA protection was in the ratio of 3 : 1 in terms of protecting against erythema and chronic effects with different action spectra, as well as the total UV burden to the skin.ResultsA sunscreen with spectral profile in which absorption in the UVB waveband is greater than in the UVA region confers no benefit in terms of erythema (and endpoints with similar action spectra) than a sunscreen with the same SPF that exhibits uniform absorption at all wavelengths throughout the UV spectrum. More importantly, the ‘3 : 1 profile’ offers inferior protection when endpoints with other action spectra are considered, as well as resulting in a total UV burden to the skin that is about 5 times higher than sunscreen products showing a flat spectral absorption profile.ConclusionIt may be tempting to believe that it is beneficial to increase the absorption of sunscreens in the UVB region relative to the UVA to reflect the fact that skin damage is associated more with UVB than UVA exposure. However, this belief is a fallacy and consumers are best served with sunscreens in which the spectral protection profile is uniform at all wavelengths throughout the UV spectrum.
Stratified analysis of 800 Asian patients after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy with a median 64 months of follow up
Authors: Abdel Raheem Ali , Kim Dae Keun , Santok Glen Denmer , Alabdulaali Ibrahim , Chung Byung Ha , Choi Young Deuk , Rha Koon Ho 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo report the 5‐year oncological outcomes of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy from the largest series ever reported from Asia.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 800 Asian patients who were treated with robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy from July 2005 to May 2010 in the Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea was carried out. The primary end‐point was to evaluate the biochemical recurrence. The secondary end‐point was to show the biochemical recurrence‐free survival, metastasis‐free survival and cancer‐specific survival.ResultsA total of 197 (24.65%), 218 (27.3%), and 385 (48.1%) patients were classified as low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk patients according to the D'Amico risk stratification risk criteria, respectively. The median follow‐up period was 64 months (interquartile range 28–71 months). The overall incidence of positive surgical margin was 36.6%. There was biochemical recurrence in 183 patients (22.9%), 38 patients (4.8%) developed distant metastasis and 24 patients (3%) died from prostate cancer. Actuarial biochemical recurrence‐free survival, metastasis‐free survival, and cancer‐specific survival rates at 5 years were 76.4%, 94.6% and 96.7%, respectively. Positive lymph node was associated with lower 5‐year biochemical recurrence‐free survival (9.1%), cancer‐specific survival (75.7%) and metastasis‐free survival (61.9%) rates (P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, among all the predictors, positive lymph node was the strongest predictor of biochemical recurrence, cancer‐specific survival and metastasis‐free survival (P < 0.001).ConclusionsHerein we report the largest robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy series from Asia. Robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy is confirmed to be an oncologically safe procedure that is able to provide effective 5‐year cancer control, even in patients with high‐risk disease.
Goserelin toxicities and preferences for ovarian suppression method in pre‐menopausal women with breast cancer
Authors: Hsieh A. H.‐C. , Kichenadasse G. , Vatandoust S. , Roy A. , Sukumaran S. , Karapetis C. S. , Martin H. , Chong L. C. , Koczwara B. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundGoserelin, a form of medical ovarian suppression, is an effective treatment for pre‐menopausal women with breast cancer (PMBC). Meta‐analysis data showed that similar efficacy is achieved with medical ovarian suppression and non‐pharmacological ovarian suppression (NPOS) – oophorectomy or ovarian irradiation. The acceptance rate of NPOS remains low.AimsThis study explored the reported toxicities of PMBC women and their preferred ovarian suppression method whilst on goserelin.MethodsA postal survey consisting of 22 study‐specific questions was sent to PMBC women who received goserelin at the Flinders Medical Centre.ResultsNineteen women were identified from the database; 12 versus 7 women received goserelin in the adjuvant versus metastatic setting respectively. Thirteen (68.4%) responded to the survey. Women in the adjuvant cohort were more likely to report toxicities. The most common were hot flushes (100% vs 50% P = 0.033), myalgia/arthralgia (71.4% vs 16.7%, P = 0.048) and decreased libido (57/1% vs 16.7%, P = 0.135). NPOS was recalled to be offered to five (38.5%) women, with acceptance by one BRCA2 carrier. NPOS was declined initially due to fear of procedure, surgical/anaesthetic risk, invasiveness and planned future pregnancies. If given the option, upfront oophorectomy was indicated in seven (53.8%) women due to inconveniences with monthly goserelin.ConclusionHalf of PMBC women indicated a preference to NPOS, but only a minority recollected NPOS being discussed. Inconvenience with monthly goserelin is the main driver toward a preference of favouring NPOS. Clarification from larger trials that research patients’ decision process and preferences regarding ovarian suppression is needed to validate our findings.
Corrected QT interval anomalies are associated with worse prognosis among patients suffering from sepsis
Authors: Wasserstrum Y. , Lotan D. , Itelman E. , Barbarova I. , Kogan M. , Klempfner R. , Dagan A. , Segal G. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundPatients suffering from sepsis experience organ failure and metabolic derangements, with a negative impact on their prognosis and survival. Objective markers for dismal prognosis in this group of patients are sought.AimsTo assess the potential role of corrected QT interval anomalies as surrogates for metabolic derangements leading to increased short and medium‐term mortality in patients suffering from sepsis.MethodsThis study utilised a historic‐cohort analysis of 257 septic patients admitted to internal medicine departments. Personal data, vital signs, laboratory results and electrocardiograms were collected. Patients were grouped according to QTc duration, weather mid‐range (395–490 ms) or non‐mid‐range, and further defined as shorter (<395 ms) or longer (>490 ms).ResultsMortality rates differed significantly between the mid‐range QTc group and the non‐mid‐range groups at 14 days (23.7 vs 38.2%, respectively; P = 0.014) and at 3 months (38.5 vs 59.6%, respectively; P = 0.001). In a three‐group analysis, the 14‐day mortality was the highest in the longer QTc group and the lowest in the mid‐range group compared with the shorter QTc group (44.4, 23.7 and 35.5%, respectively; P = 0.034), and this difference also remained at 3 months (74.1, 38.5 and 53.2%, respectively; P = 0.001). All differences remained statistically significant in a multivariate Cox regression analysis.Conclusions
QTc duration anomalies are associated with worse short‐ and medium‐term prognosis and may act as a marker for more severe clinical sequelae.
Attentional bias training in girls at risk for depression
Authors: LeMoult Joelle , Joormann Jutta , Kircanski Katharina , Gotlib Ian H. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThis study examined, for the first time, whether attentional biases can be modified in adolescents at risk for depression.MethodsThe final sample consisted of 41 girls at familial risk for depression, who were randomly assigned to receive six sessions (864 trials) of real or sham attention bias training [Real attentional bias training (ABT) vs. Sham ABT]. Participants who received Real ABT completed a modified dot‐probe task designed to train attention toward positive and away from negative facial expressions; in contrast, girls who received Sham ABT completed the standard dot‐probe task. Attentional biases, self‐reported mood, and psychophysiological responses to stress were measured at pre‐ and post‐training assessments.ResultsAs expected, girls who received Real ABT, but not those who received Sham ABT, exhibited significant increases from pre‐ to post‐training in their attention toward happy faces and away from sad faces. Moreover, adolescents who received Real ABT were buffered against the negative outcomes experienced by adolescents who received Sham ABT. Specifically, only adolescents who received Sham ABT experienced an increase in negative mood and a pre‐ to post‐training increase in heart rate in anticipation of the stressor.ConclusionsThe current findings provide the first experimental evidence that attentional biases can be modified in youth at risk for depression and further suggest that ABT modulates the heightened response to stress that is otherwise experienced by high‐risk adolescents.
Factors influencing inter‐day glycemic variability in diabetic outpatients receiving insulin therapy
Authors: Mori Hiroko , Okada Yosuke , Kurozumi Akira , Narisawa Manabu , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the present study was to determine the actual state of inter‐day glycemic variability and identify the factors that affect glycemic variability in diabetic outpatients on insulin therapy.Materials and MethodsThe participants were 45 outpatients with diabetes mellitus receiving insulin therapy. The mean plasma glucose (MPG) levels, intra‐day glycemic variability (expressed by standard deviation and mean amplitude of glucose excursion) and inter‐day glycemic variability (expressed by mean of daily differences [MODD] in blood glucose levels) were measured continuously over 7 days with iPro2®. The primary outcome was the relationship between MODD and the life variability index.ResultsMODD values were high in 93.3% of the participants, and significantly higher in patients with lifestyle changes than in those without (higher in patients with high life variability index). MODD values were not associated with age, but significantly higher in women. MODD values correlated significantly with glycated hemoglobin and glycoalbumin levels, and negatively with 1,5‐anhydroglucitol levels. MODD values were significantly higher in type 1 diabetes patients and not associated with duration of disease. MODD values correlated significantly with insulin dose. Multivariate analysis identified the life variability index as a significant determinant of MODD.ConclusionsiPro2® provided detailed information on glycemic profile in diabetic outpatients receiving insulin therapy. The results suggest that patients with large inter‐day glycemic variability are unlikely to achieve an improvement in their glycated hemoglobin level. Treatment and instructions based on a patient's characteristics, day‐to‐day glycemic variability and lifestyle are important to achieve good glycemic control.
Matrix metalloproteinases‐3 gene‐promoter polymorphism as a risk factor in oral submucous fibrosis in an Indian population: a pilot study
Authors: Zade Prajakta R. , Gosavi Suchitra R. , Hazarey Vinay K. , Ganvir Sindhu M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimHost‐related factors could be important to the fundamental understanding of oral diseases. One such factor is matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). MMP3 (stromelysin 1) is crucial in connective tissue remodeling. Promoter regions are specific segments of DNA that control the rate of mRNA synthesis. Thus, polymorphism in the (5A/6A) promoter region of the MMP3 gene results in different transcriptional activities and is related to susceptibility in diseases. The aim of the present study was to detect polymorphism in the MMP3 gene‐promoter region in oral submucous fibrosis patients (OSF), oral squamous cell carcinoma patients (OSCC), and normal individuals with tobacco and areca nut habit and without lesions, and to correlate the genotype as a risk factor in these diseases.MethodGenomic DNA from blood of OSF (n = 5), OSCC (n = 5), and normal individuals with tobacco and areca nut habit (n = 5) and without (n = 5) were subjected to polymerase chain reaction of the MMP3 gene‐promoter region and DNA sequencing.ResultsThe 5A allele in the MMP3 gene‐promoter region was observed more frequently in the OSF group than the control groups. No significant difference was noted between OSCC and the control groups on the 5A allele.ConclusionThe results indicated that the 5A allele of the MMP3 gene‐promoter region could be associated with OSF risk factor, but not OSCC, in an Indian population.
The Experience of Men Caring for a Partner With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Rollero Chiara 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was exploring the experience of male caregivers living with a partner with multiple sclerosis (MS).Design and MethodsA qualitative study was conducted following a grounded theory approach. Twenty‐four men–husbands or partners of a woman diagnosed with MS–were interviewed in‐depth. A thematic analysis was carried out and involved line‐by‐line coding with codes deriving from narratives.FindingsFive major themes emerged: caregiving as a full‐time job; changes in the couple; the importance of social support and social life; gender specificities; and fear of the future.ConclusionsResults highlight the complexity of issues surrounding this specific form of caregiving. Social expectations referring to the marital relationship and to gender norms play a central role.Clinical RelevanceFindings can help in developing ad hoc interventions to support male spousal caregivers to care for their partners.
Nano‐TiO2 penetration of oral mucosa: in vitro analysis using 3D organotypic human buccal mucosa models
Authors: Konstantinova Victoria , Ibrahim Mohamed , Lie Stein A. , Birkeland Eivind Salmorin , Neppelberg Evelyn , Marthinussen Mihaela Cuida , Costea Daniela Elena , Cimpan Mihaela R. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundOral cavity is a doorway for a variety of products containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) (nano‐TiO2) such as food additives, oral healthcare products and dental materials. Their potential to penetrate and affect normal human oral mucosa is not yet determined.ObjectivesTo evaluate the ability of nano‐TiO2 to penetrate the in vitro reconstructed normal human buccal mucosa (RNHBM).MethodsRNHBM was generated from primary normal human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts isolated from buccal oral mucosa of healthy patients (n = 6). The reconstructed tissues were exposed after 10 days to clinically relevant concentrations of spherical or spindle rutile nano‐TiO2 in suspension for short (20 min) and longer time (24 h). Ultrahigh‐resolution imaging (URI) microscopy (CytoViva™, Auburn, AL, USA) was used to assess the depth of penetration into reconstructed tissues.ResultsUltrahigh‐resolution imaging microscopy demonstrated the presence of nano‐TiO2 mostly in the epithelium of RNHBM at both 20 min and 24‐h exposure, and this was shape and doze dependent at 24 h of exposure. The depth of penetration diminished in time at higher concentrations. The exposed epithelium showed increased desquamation but preserved thickness.ConclusionNano‐TiO2 is able to penetrate RNHBM and to activate its barrier function in a doze‐ and time‐dependent manner.
Effect of Fiber Information on Consumer's Expectation and Liking of Wheat Bran Enriched Pasta
Authors: Laureati Monica , Conte Amalia , Padalino Lucia , Del Nobile Matteo Alessandro , Pagliarini Ella 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe need to promote a diet rich in wholegrain has been recognized as an important task in nutrition education. Despite this, the intake of fiber in Western countries is below the recommended 25 g per day. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of wheat bran addition on the sensory quality of durum wheat spaghetti and to evaluate the effect of fiber information on consumer's acceptability and expectation. Information about fiber content had a positive impact on consumer's expected product quality but only for bran addition equal or higher than 20%. Consumers completely assimilated their liking in the direction of expectations for spaghetti with 20 and 25% of bran addition. Assimilation was incomplete for the 30% added sample indicating that the health benefit of eating fiber did not compensate the decrease in liking. The effect of information varied according to consumers’ frequency consumption of bran‐enriched pasta. Non‐users showed a negative disconfirmation starting with a 20% bran addition, whereas for low‐ and high‐users disconfirmation occurred at a higher bran addition. A complete assimilation effect was seen only for non‐users, indicating that fiber information had an impact only for those consumers who actually do not consume wholegrain pasta.Practical ApplicationsConsumer‐led product development requires having a detailed understanding of what the consumer expects from a product. The findings of the present study provide information about the hedonic expectation and liking of pasta with high wheat bran content. Establishing the right balance between the expected health benefit of eating fiber and perceived product liking might be useful to food developers to increase fiber content in pasta formulations without sacrificing sensory attributes and pleasure.
Hospitalization and mortality due to hepatitis A in Taiwan: a 15‐year nationwide cohort study
Authors: Chen C.‐M. , Chen S. C.‐C. , Yang H.‐Y. , Yang S.‐T. , Wang C.‐M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryHepatitis A virus (HAV) is the most common food‐borne hepatitis in the world. The study objectives were (i) to describe the epidemiology of HAV‐related hospitalizations during 1997–2011 in Taiwan, (ii) to examine the age effect on the length of stay (LOS) in hospital and (iii) to study the factors associated with death. The hospitalized cases were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 1997 and 2011 by ICD‐9‐CM code of 070.0/070.1. Patient sex, birthday, dates of hospitalization and death were analysed. A total of 3990 HAV‐hospitalized cases, males 2467 (62%), were identified. The LOS increased as patients’ age increased. The overall mortality rate was 16.8 per 1000 hospitalizations. Males had significantly higher case fatality rate than females (20.7 vs 10.5 per 1000 cases). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for death rose by age and increased rapidly over 40 years of age. The aOR and 95% confidence interval [95%CI] for aged 40–59 years and aged over 60 years were 7.89 (1.06–58.98) and 14.88 (2.02–109.40) compared to aged 0–19 years, respectively. Patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis had significantly higher risk of death (aOR=1.03 [1.01–1.04]), compared to those without liver disease. However, patients with liver disease, but no cirrhosis did not have higher risk of death (aOR=1.00 [0.99–1.01]). The aOR [95%CI] for LOS >9 day was 3.26 (1.96–5.40) compared to cases with LOS ≤9 days. Male sex, age over 40 years, cirrhotic liver and long LOS are significant factors associated with death in HAV‐hospitalized cases.
Difference as a Resource for Thinking: An Online Dialogue Showing the Role Played by Difference in Problem Solving and Decision Making
Authors: Saracco Susanna 
Published: July 2016

AbstractContemporary societies require citizens and workers to face unexpected challenges. This calls for a shift of emphasis from individualistic competence to the importance of collective intelligence. This article describes a plan for a project in which students who are eight to twelve years old will not only realize that difference is a crucial resource in problem solving and decision making but also live out their personal value as thinking, active beings. They will participate in an online dialogue that takes place among children who attend schools in under‐resourced communities and in middle‐class and upper‐class communities. The students will work on learning units based on philosophical content designed to stimulate their critical ability. The philosophical scenarios will be related to the everyday lives of the children through concrete examples. These examples will be followed by questions that aim to promote the advancement of the students’ thinking skills.
Characterization of the Xylella fastidiosa PD1311 gene mutant and its suppression of Pierce's disease on grapevines
Authors: Hao Lingyun , Johnson Kameka , Cursino Luciana , Mowery Patricia , Burr Thomas J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryXylella fastidiosa causes Pierce's disease (PD) on grapevines, leading to significant economic losses in grape and wine production. To further our understanding of X. fastidiosa virulence on grapevines, we examined the PD1311 gene, which encodes a putative acyl‐coenzyme A (acyl‐CoA) synthetase, and is highly conserved across Xylella species. It was determined that PD1311 is required for virulence, as the deletion mutant, ΔPD1311, was unable to cause disease on grapevines. The ΔPD1311 strain was impaired in behaviours known to be associated with PD development, including motility, aggregation and biofilm formation. ΔPD1311 also expressed enhanced sensitivity to H2O2 and polymyxin B, and showed reduced survival in grapevine sap, when compared with wild‐type X. fastidiosa Temecula 1 (TM1). Following inoculation, ΔPD1311 could not be detected in grape shoots, which may be related to its altered growth and sensitivity phenotypes. Inoculation with ΔPD1311 2 weeks prior to TM1 prevented the development of PD in a significant fraction of vines and eliminated detectable levels of TM1. In contrast, vines inoculated simultaneously with TM1 and ΔPD1311 developed disease at the same level as TM1 alone. In these vines, TM1 populations were distributed similarly to populations in TM1‐only inoculated plants. These findings suggest that, through an indirect mechanism, pretreatment of vines with ΔPD1311 suppresses pathogen population and disease.