bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet-induced phenotypic plasticity in European eel (Anguilla anguilla)
Authors: De Meyer Jens , Christiaens Joachim , Adriaens Dominique 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTTwo phenotypes are present within the European eel population: broad-heads and narrow-heads. The expression of these phenotypes has been linked to several factors, such as diet and differential growth. The exact factors causing this dimorphism, however, are still unknown. In this study, we performed a feeding experiment on glass eels from the moment they start to feed. Eels were either fed a hard diet, which required biting and spinning behavior, or a soft diet, which required suction feeding. We found that the hard feeders develop a broader head and a larger adductor mandibulae region than eels that were fed a soft diet, implying that the hard feeders are capable of larger bite forces. Next to this, soft feeders develop a sharper and narrower head, which could reduce hydrodynamic drag, allowing more rapid strikes towards their prey. Both phenotypes were found in a control group, which were given a combination of both diets. These phenotypes were, however, not as extreme as the hard or the soft feeding group, indicating that some specimens are more likely to consume hard prey and others soft prey, but that they do not selectively eat one of both diets. In conclusion, we found that diet is a major factor influencing head shape in European eel and this ability to specialize in feeding on hard or soft prey could decrease intra-specific competition in European eel populations.
Perceptions of consent in adolescents who display harmful sexual behaviour
Authors: King-Hill Sophie , Barrie Richard 
Published: February 2016

This article explores perceptions of consent in adolescents who display harmful sexual behaviour (HSB). It discusses society's constructions of the adolescent in terms of emerging sexuality, and examines definitions of HSB in terms of adolescents and gender. The terminology of consent, and what it means will be examined in depth in relation to the context in which it is referred to. The article also explores interventions aimed at tackling the issue of HSB and perceptions of consent in adolescence. For clarity, this article discusses HSB directed at 10–19-year-olds only.
Zwischen Wüste und Welt: die Konstruktion des Raumes in den byzantinischen erbaulichen Erzählungen
Authors: Kulhánková Markéta 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper focuses on the construction of space in five collections of Byzantine edifying stories (Historia monachorum in Aegypto, Daniel Sketiotes’ Dossier, Ioannes Moschos’ Pratum spirituale, both collections of Anastasios Sinaites, and the tales by Paulos of Monembasia). While in the earlier collections the opposition between monastic and secular environments (the “desert” and the “city” or “village”) is the determining element for the construction of space, other dimensions are important in the later collections: the setting of the story as a space full of wonders in the stories of Anastasios Sinaites and the combination of the everyday and the adventurous in the collection by Paul of Monembasia. Finally, I discuss the symbolic function of space as a “heterotopia” on the example of the function of the grave and the ship in selected stories.
The Historia Ekklesiastike kai Mystike Theoria: a symbolic understanding of the Byzantine church building
Authors: Marinis Vasileios 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper offers a close reading of the passages in the Historia Ekklesiastike kai Mystike Theoria, a liturgical commentary attributed to Germanos I, patriarch of Constantinople (d. 730), that pertain to the church building. The Historia’s interpretation is highly symbolic, steeped in scripture and dependent on earlier and contemporary theological thought. On occasion, the text sheds light on actual architectural developments, as in the case of the skeuophylakion. On the whole, however, the discussion of architecture is rather vague. I argue that the Historia is part of a long exegetical tradition on the liturgy that disregards the functional aspects of church buildings, a disconnect enabled by the adaptability of Byzantine liturgical rites.
The pleasure of mudslinging: an invective dialogue in verse from 10th century Byzantium
Authors: Opstall Emilie van 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article discusses an invective dialogue in verse between two 10th century intellectuals: the poet John Geometres and a certain Stylianos. Their lampoons offer a unique instance of internal reader response and invite us to reflect on their contemporary performance and circulation. They illustrate the intense social envy of the time, leading to the debunking of the intellectual abilities of others and to boastful self-representation. The article proposes a new edition of the text, followed by a translation (section I), notes on language and style (section II) and observations on the form and dynamics of the dialogue (section III).
La ‹monnaie› présumée et perdue de l’impératrice Théophano (959–969)
Authors: Ginnasi Andrea Torno 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article deals with the alleged and lost ʻcoinʼ of the Empress Theophano (959-969), attested by one eighteenth-century engraving and other two of the nineteenth-century. Since several lead seals with similar portrait and inscriptions survive, many scholars have evaluated the graphic documents deriving from a real copper coin or from a seal of the existing type. A careful iconographic and stylistic analysis would suggest the restitution of two distinct objects; this idea was never presented before because of the little consideration of the eighteenth-century engraving. The comparison with other middle Byzantine numismatic and sphragistic examples suggests for the first engraving the reproduction of an unknown and misunderstood lead seal and, for the second and third one, the image of a forgery realised in the wake of the more ancient illustration.
Kinetic investigation of a complex curing of the guaiacol bio-based benzoxazine system
Authors: Ručigaj Aleš , Gradišar Špela , Krajnc Matjaž 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCuring kinetics of guaiacol based benzoxazine synthesized from guaiacol, furfurylamine and formaldehyde forming bio-based polybenzoxazine was investigated. The curing process showed complex polymerization behavior, as the exothermal signal consisted of several overlapped peaks. Differentiation and fitting of overlapped peaks was performed by Pearson VII distribution obtaining two separate exothermal signals further associated to stage 1 and stage 2. The apparent activation energies of both stages were determined to be 113.8 kJ mol-1and 117.5 kJ mol-1, respectively, according to Kissinger. The first could be explained by benzoxazine ring-opening and electrophilic substitution, whereas the second stage corresponds to the rearrangement and diffusion-controlled step. Kinetics of each stage was studied separately. As a result, the first stage was described by Šesták-Berggren autocatalytic model, whereas the second stage appeared to follownthorder kinetics proved by the Friedman method. Application of both kinetic models demonstrated that the predicted curves fit well with the non-isothermal DSC thermograms and as such sufficiently describes the complex curing behavior of guaiacol based benzoxazine.
Preventive effect of curcumin on inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in high-fat fed obese rats
Authors: Maithilikarpagaselvi Nachimuthu , Sridhar Magadi Gopalakrishna , Swaminathan Rathinam Palamalai , Sripradha Ramalingam 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background: The present study investigated the beneficial effects of curcumin on inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in high-fat fed male Wistar rats.

Methods: Five-month-old male Wistar rats (n=20) were divided into two groups (10 rats in each group). Among the two groups, one group received 30 % high-fat diet (HFD) and another group received 30 % HFD with curcumin (200 mg/kg body weight). Food intake, body weight and biochemical parameters were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study. After 10 weeks, oxidative stress parameters in skeletal muscle and hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) content were estimated. Histological examinations of the liver samples were performed at the end of the experiment.

Results: High-fat feeding caused increase in body weight, liver and adipose tissue mass. Rats fed with HFD showed increased levels of fasting plasma glucose, insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), TAG, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). There was also increase in the plasma inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP)] and skeletal muscle oxidative stress parameters [malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS)] in these rats. In addition, high-fat feeding increased liver TAG content and caused fat accumulation in the liver. Treatment with curcumin significantly reduced body weight, relative organ weights (liver, adipose tissue), glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR. Curcumin supplementation decreased plasma levels of TC, TAG, VLDL-c, TNF-α and increased HDL-c. Administration of curcumin also reduced MDA, TOS in skeletal muscle, hepatic TAG content and liver fat deposition.

Conclusions: Curcumin supplementation improved HFD-induced dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance.
Governing Sovereign Debt Restructuring Through Regulatory Standards
Authors: Brooks Skylar , Lombardi Domenico 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn recent years, a number of costly and destabilizing sovereign debt crises – from Argentina and Greece to Ukraine – have served as a forceful reminder that the international community lacks an agreed-upon framework for resolving debt crises and, when necessary, restructuring sovereign debt in a timely, orderly, and equitable manner. To help address this apparent governance gap, the paper argues that there is an important but underutilized role for the Financial Stability Board (FSB) in governing sovereign debt restructuring. More specifically, in a governance domain that is relatively fragmented between uncoordinated, even sometimes competing, rules and rule-makers, the FSB could serve as the focal institution responsible for overseeing the coordination and further development of soft law regulatory standards for sovereign debt restructuring. The reasons for FSB governance in this domain are simple and compelling, relating to both the nature of the debt restructuring regime and its evolution to date, as well as the specific institutional features of the FSB and the core tasks it performs. Although there remains room for treaty-based organizations like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and United Nations (UN) to develop a hard law approach to sovereign debt restructuring, the FSB, we argue, is best positioned to strengthen and oversee the existing soft law approach, which currently prevails as the modus operandi of the present debt restructuring framework.
Plasmon spectroscopy: Theoretical and numerical calculations, and optimization techniques
Authors: Rodríguez-Oliveros Rogelio , Paniagua-Domínguez Ramón , Sánchez-Gil José A. , Macías Demetrio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present an overview of recent advances
in plasmonics, mainly concerning theoretical and numerical
tools required for the rigorous determination of
the spectral properties of complex-shape nanoparticles
exhibiting strong localized surface plasmon resonances
(LSPRs). Both quasistatic approaches and full electrodynamic
methods are described, providing a thorough
comparison of their numerical implementations. Special
attention is paid to surface integral equation formulations,
giving examples of their performance in complicated
nanoparticle shapes of interest for their LSPR spectra.
In this regard, complex (single) nanoparticle configurations
(nanocrosses and nanorods) yield a hierarchy of
multiple-order LSPR s with evidence of a rich symmetric
or asymmetric (Fano-like) LSPR line shapes. In addition,
means to address the design of complex geometries to retrieve
LSPR spectra are commented on, with special interest
in biologically inspired algorithms. Thewealth of LSPRbased
applications are discussed in two choice examples,
single-nanoparticle surface-enhanced Raman scattering
(SERS) and optical heating, and multifrequency nanoantennas
for fluorescence and nonlinear optics.
Catalytic performance of a Keplerate-type, giant-ball nanoporous isopolyoxomolybdate as a highly efficient recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of biscoumarins
Authors: Davoodnia Abolghasem , Nakhaei Ahmad , Tavakoli-Hoseini Niloofar 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn continuation of our previous works on the application of (NH4)42[MoVI72MoV60O372(CH3COO)30(H2O)72], a Keplerate-type giant-ball nanoporous isopolyoxomolybdate, as a catalyst for a series of organic transformations, in this paper, we discovered that this new attractive catalyst has high catalytic activity in the synthesis of biscoumarins prepared by the reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin and aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes in refluxing ethanol. The catalyst was prepared according to a previously published literature procedure using inexpensive and readily available starting materials. Furthermore, the catalyst could be recovered conveniently and reused efficiently such that a considerable catalytic activity still could be achieved after fifth run. Other beneficial features of this new synthetic approach include short reaction time, high yields, clean reaction profiles, and a simple work-up procedure.
Dora Emilia Mora de Retana, 1940-2001
Authors: Morales Carlos O. 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>El 12 de julio de 2001 murió Dora E. Mora de Retana, quien desde 1979 hasta febrero de 2000 fue directora del Jardín Botánico Lankester, de la Universidad de Costa Rica (U.C.R.). Ella dedicó la mayor parte de su energía vital a estudiar las orquídeas y a promover la conservación de la flora tropical; esto último desde su nombramiento como autoridad científica en el Comité de Flora de la Convención Internacional sobre Comercio de Especies Amenazadas (CITES). Después de Rafael Lucas Rodríguez (1915-1981), ella fue durante mucho tiempo la única orquideóloga costarricense con formación académica y científica en el campo de la botánica. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Myoxanthus vittatus (Orchidaceae), a new species from Costa Rica
Authors: Pupulin Franco , Blanco Mario A. 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>S e d i s c u t e l a p o s i c i ó n t a x o n ó m i c a d e </span><span>Myoxanthus </span><span>P o e p p . &amp; E n d l . ( O r c h i d a c e a e : Pleurothallidinae) y se mantiene a </span><span>Silenia </span><span>Luer como subgénero de </span><span>Myoxanthus. </span><span>Se describe y se ilustra una nueva especie de </span><span>Myoxanthus</span><span>. </span><span>Myoxanthus vittatus </span><span>Pupulin &amp; M.A. Blanco es aparente- mente endémico de los bosques tropicales de bajura en el Pacífico Central de Costa Rica, donde ha sido recolectado en dos diferentes localidades. Difiere de las especies afines por el tamaño pequeño de las plantas, por sus flores blanquecinas con estrías longitudinales púrpura, por el ovario densa- mente pubescente y por el labelo ligulado y obtuso. Se propone la nueva combinación </span><span>Myoxanthus tomentosus </span><span>(Luer) Pupulin &amp; M.A. Blanco. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Endophytes of Serapias parviflora Parl. and Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. (Orchidaceae): description of endophytes of S. parviflora, and in vitro symbiosis development in S. parviflora and Spiranthes spiralis
Authors: Pacetti Pier Luigi , Riess Sabine 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Hongos endófitos fueron aislados de raíces de </span><span>Serapias parviflora </span><span>(Orchidaceae). Fueron descritos y clasificados parcialmente bajo el microscopio de luz luego de ser cultivados en PDA. Dos de ellos presentaron características de simbiontes: la Cepa-A-1, un ascomicete, y la Cepa-B-1, u n b a s i d i o m i c e t e . A l m i s m o t i e m p o m u c h a s p l a n t a s d e </span><span>S . p a r v i f l o r a </span><span>y </span><span>S p i r a n t h e s s p i r a l i s </span><span>f u er o n obtenidas asimbióticamente por esterilización de semillas y cultivo en un medio Frosch modificado. Luego de transplantarlas a un medio simbiótico (Oats modificado), las plantas fueron inoculadas con los hongos aislados. </span><span>Serapias parviflora </span><span>fue utilizada como control y </span><span>S. spiralis </span><span>lo fue para estable- cer especificidad entre hospederos y endófitos. Los dos hongos fueron capaces de inducir simbiosis in vitro en raíces de </span><span>S. parviflora</span><span>, mientras que sólo la Cepa-B-1 indujo simbiosis </span><span>in vitro </span><span>en raíces de </span><span>S. spiralis</span><span>. Concluimos que la especificidad </span><span>in vitro </span><span>entre estos hongos y las dos especies de orquídeas estudiadas es diferente, posiblemente apoyando la hipótesis de una especificidad ecológi- ca potencial. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Catálogo revisado y anotado de las Orchidaceae de Costa Rica
Authors: Pupulin Franco 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Se presenta una compilación actualizada de todas las especies de orquídeas (Orchidaceae) conocidas en Costa Rica y documentadas por un testigo citado en el texto. Las especies se presentan en orden alfabético. Para cada especie se incluyen los sinónimos aceptados, los nombres usados en tratamientos anteriores y sus re- ferencias bibliográficas. Para algunos táxones se proporcionan también breves observaciones taxonómicas. La sinopsis incluye 1360 especies en 180 géneros; 287 especies son informes nuevos con respecto a listas ante- riores. Las especies endémicas de Costa Rica representan el 26% del total de las especies comunicadas. Se pro- ponen la nueva combinación </span><span>Echinella vittata </span><span>y el nuevo nombre </span><span>Stelis megachlamys</span><span>. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Ecce homo, scientia clarus: Luis Fournier Origgi (1935-2002)
Authors: Morales Carlos O. 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>¡He allí al hombre, conocido por su sabiduría! Esta frase latina del título resume mi memoria del Dr. Luis Alberto Fournier Origgi, eminente ecólogo, botánico y agrónomo de la Universidad de Costa Rica (U.C.R.) fallecido sorpresivamente el pasado 5 de julio. La gran labor científica y agronómica del Dr. Fournier pasó desapercibida para muchos, porque él nunca buscó imagen o renombre. </span></p></div></div></div>
Notes on the natural history of Cyclopogon obliquus (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) in Costa Rica
Authors: Blanco Mario A. 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>S e p r e s e n t a e l p r i m e r i n f o r m e d e l a e x i s t e n c i a d e </span><span>C y c l o p o g o n o b l i q u u s </span><span>( J . J . S m . ) S z l a c h . [= </span><span>Pelexia obliqua </span><span>(J. J. Sm.) Garay] en Costa Rica. Se discute su posición taxonómica y se presenta una revisión de su actual distribución geográfica. Se presentan observaciones sobre su hábitat, fenología y repro- ducción. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Trichopilia x ramonensis (Orchidaceae), un híbrido natural de Costa Rica
Authors: Morales Carlos O. 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Se describe e ilustra el híbrido natural </span><span>Trichopilia </span><span>x </span><span>ramonensis </span><span>(</span><span>T. marginata </span><span>x </span><span>T. suavis</span><span>) de la región de San Ramón, Costa Rica. El nombre de este híbrido se usó por primera vez en 1992; sin embargo, hasta ahora no se ha publicado válidamente. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
A new species of Stellilabium section Taeniorhachis (Orchidaceae) from Costa Rica
Authors: Pupulin Franco , Blanco Mario A. 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>S e d e s c r i b e e i l u s t r a </span><span>S t e l l i l a b i u m s m a r a g d i n u m </span><span>d e l o s b o s q u e s m o n t a n o s d e e n c i n o d e l a Cordillera de Talamanca. </span><span>S. smaragdinum </span><span>se distingue de otras especies de la sección </span><span>Taeniorhachis </span><span>por su inflorescencia con 1 a 3 (4) flores simultáneas, los lóbulos basales del labelo oblongos a ovoides y redondeados en el ápice y la peculiar coloración de la setas en los lóbulos laterales de la columna, marfil con bandas púrpura. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
A new species of Solenidium (Orchidaceae) from Ecuador
Authors: Dalström Stig , Whitten W. Mark 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>S e d e s c r i b e y s e i l u s t r a u n a n u e v a e s p e c i e d e l E c u a d o r , </span><span>S o l e n i d i u m p o r t i l l a e </span><span>( O r c h i d a c e a e : Oncidiinae), comparándola con las otras dos especies aceptadas en el género. Se presenta una breve historia del género y se proporciona una clave de las especies. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Notas acerca de la colección de Orchidaceae del Herbario del Instituto Superior Pedagógico de Pinar del Río (HPPR), Cuba
Authors: Mújica Benítez Ernesto 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>S e o f r e c e u n a r e v i s i ó n y u n l i s t a d o d e l a f a m i l i a O r c h i d a c e a e d e p o s i t a d a e n e l H e r b a r i o d e l a Facultad de Biología del Instituto Superior Pedagógico de Pinar del Río, Cuba. La colección de orquídeas depositada en este Herbario es casi desconocida para los estudiantes de la orquideoflora cubana y se dis- tingue por el mejor y más extenso número de ejemplares provenientes de la provincia de Pinar del Río, para la cual se comunica alrededor de la tercera parte de todas las orquídeas registradas en Cuba. </span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>