bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern of xylem phenology in conifers of cold ecosystems at the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Rossi Sergio , Anfodillo Tommaso , Čufar Katarina , Cuny Henri E. , Deslauriers Annie , Fonti Patrick , Frank David , Gričar Jožica , Gruber Andreas , Huang Jian‐Guo , Jyske Tuula , Kašpar Jakub , King Gregory , Krause Cornelia , Liang Eryuan , Mäkinen Harri , Morin Hubert , Nöjd Pekka , Oberhuber Walter , Prislan Peter , Rathgeber Cyrille B.K. , Saracino Antonio , Swidrak Irene , Treml Václav 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe interaction between xylem phenology and climate assesses forest growth and productivity and carbon storage across biomes under changing environmental conditions. We tested the hypothesis that patterns of wood formation are maintained unaltered despite the temperature changes across cold ecosystems. Wood microcores were collected weekly or biweekly throughout the growing season for periods varying between 1 and 13 years during 1998–2014 and cut in transverse sections for assessing the onset and ending of the phases of xylem differentiation. The data set represented 1321 trees belonging to 10 conifer species from 39 sites in the Northern Hemisphere and covering an interval of mean annual temperature exceeding 14 K. The phenological events and mean annual temperature of the sites were related linearly, with spring and autumnal events being separated by constant intervals across the range of temperature analysed. At increasing temperature, first enlarging, wall‐thickening and mature tracheids appeared earlier, and last enlarging and wall‐thickening tracheids occurred later. Overall, the period of wood formation lengthened linearly with the mean annual temperature, from 83.7 days at −2 °C to 178.1 days at 12 °C, at a rate of 6.5 days °C−1. April–May temperatures produced the best models predicting the dates of wood formation. Our findings demonstrated the uniformity of the process of wood formation and the importance of the environmental conditions occurring at the time of growth resumption. Under warming scenarios, the period of wood formation might lengthen synchronously in the cold biomes of the Northern Hemisphere.
Persistent high temperature and low precipitation reduce peat carbon accumulation
Authors: Bragazza Luca , Buttler Alexandre , Robroek Bjorn J.M. , Albrecht Remy , Zaccone Claudio , Jassey Vincent E.J. , Signarbieux Constant 
Published: April 2016

AbstractExtreme climate events are predicted to become more frequent and intense. Their ecological impacts, particularly on carbon cycling, can differ in relation to ecosystem sensitivity. Peatlands, being characterized by peat accumulation under waterlogged conditions, can be particularly sensitive to climate extremes if the climate event increases soil oxygenation. However, a mechanistic understanding of peatland responses to persistent climate extremes is still lacking, particularly in terms of aboveground–belowground feedback. Here, we present the results of a transplantation experiment of peat mesocosms from high to low altitude in order to simulate, during 3 years, a mean annual temperature c. 5 °C higher and a mean annual precipitation c. 60% lower. Specifically, we aim at understanding the intensity of changes for a set of biogeochemical processes and their feedback on carbon accumulation. In the transplanted mesocosms, plant productivity showed a species‐specific response depending on plant growth forms, with a significant decrease (c. 60%) in peat moss productivity. Soil respiration almost doubled and Q10 halved in the transplanted mesocosms in combination with an increase in activity of soil enzymes. Spectroscopic characterization of peat chemistry in the transplanted mesocosms confirmed the deepening of soil oxygenation which, in turn, stimulated microbial decomposition. After 3 years, soil carbon stock increased only in the control mesocosms whereas a reduction in mean annual carbon accumulation of c. 30% was observed in the transplanted mesocosms. Based on the above information, a structural equation model was built to provide a mechanistic understanding of the causal connections between peat moisture, vegetation response, soil respiration and carbon accumulation. This study identifies, in the feedback between plant and microbial responses, the primary pathways explaining the reduction in carbon accumulation in response to recurring climate extremes in peat soils.
CIC–DUX4 fusion‐positive round‐cell sarcomas of soft tissue and bone: a single‐institution morphological and molecular analysis of seven cases
Authors: Gambarotti Marco , Benini Stefania , Gamberi Gabriella , Cocchi Stefania , Palmerini Emanuela , Sbaraglia Marta , Donati Davide , Picci Piero , Vanel Daniel , Ferrari Stefano , Righi Alberto , Dei Tos Angelo P 
Published: April 2016

AimsRound‐cell sarcomas lacking specific translocations represent a diagnostic challenge. The aim of this study was to describe seven cases of CIC–DUX4 fusion‐positive sarcomas, including the first reported example arising primarily in bone.Methods and resultsPatients ranged in age from 15 years to 44 years (median: 33 years). Six cases arose from the soft tissues, and one from the iliac bone. Morphologically, all cases showed an undifferentiated round‐cell population with greater atypia and pleomorphism than Ewing sarcoma. Immunohistochemically, all tumours showed focal and weak positivity for CD99, and five of seven showed nuclear and/or cytoplasmic positivity for Wilms tumour 1. Five patients had lung metastases at presentation. All patients received chemotherapy according to Ewing sarcoma protocols. All but one patient (the one with a bone tumour) died of disease after a mean of 14.5 months from the diagnosis (range: 8–20 months).ConclusionsOur series confirms that CIC–DUX4 fusion‐positive sarcomas are aggressive tumours with an adverse prognosis, and with clinical, histological and genetic differences from Ewing sarcoma. The best therapeutic approach needs to be investigated.
Genome‐wide analysis of chitinase genes and their varied functions in larval moult, pupation and eclosion in the rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis
Authors: Su C. , Tu G. , Huang S. , Yang Q. , Shahzad M. F. , Li F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSome insect chitinases are required to degrade chitin and ensure successful metamorphosis. Although chitinase genes have been well characterized in several model insects, no reports exist for the rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, a highly destructive pest that causes huge yield losses in rice production. Here, we conducted a genome‐level analysis of chitinase genes in C. suppressalis. After amplification of full‐length transcripts with rapid amplification of cDNA ends, we identified 12 chitinase genes in C. suppressalis. All these genes had the conserved domains and motifs of glycoside hydrolase family 18 and grouped phylogenetically into five subgroups. C. suppressalis chitinase 1 (CsCht1) was highly expressed in late pupae, whereas CsCht3 was abundant in early pupae. Both CsCht2 and CsCht4 were highly expressed in larvae. CsCht2 was abundant specifically in the third‐instar larvae and CsCht4 showed periodic high expression in 2‐ to 5‐day‐old larvae in each instar. Tissue specific expression analysis indicated that CsCht1 and CsCht3 were highly expressed in epidermis whereas CsCht2 and CsCht4 were specifically abundant in the midgut. Knockdown of CsCht1 resulted in adults with curled wings, indicating that CsCht1 might have an important role in wing expansion. Silencing of CsCht2 or CsCht4 arrested moulting, suggesting essential roles in larval development. When the expression of CsCht3 was interfered, defects in pupation occurred. Overall, we provide here the first catalogue of chitinase genes in the rice striped stem borer and have elucidated the functions of four chitinases in metamorphosis.
Supporting pre‐service teachers in designing technology‐infused lesson plans
Authors: Janssen N. , Lazonder A. W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe present study compared the effectiveness of two types of just‐in‐time support for lesson planning. Both types contained the same technological information but differed regarding pedagogical and content information. The first type presented this information separately (i.e., separate support); the second type presented this information in an integrated way (i.e., integrated support). In an experimental design pre‐service biology teachers received either the integrated support (n = 26) or separate support (n = 27). They were instructed to create a technology‐infused lesson plan and justify their design decisions. Results showed that pre‐service teachers who used the integrated support had more integrated pedagogical and content‐related justifications and higher quality lesson plans than the group who received separate support. Both groups had few technology‐related justifications, and technology integration was of low quality. These findings confirm the alleged superiority of integrated support over separate support, and suggest that additional guidance is needed for pre‐service teachers to fully integrate technological, pedagogical and content information during lesson planning.
Structural brain correlates of adolescent resilience
Authors: Burt Keith B. , Whelan Robert , Conrod Patricia J. , Banaschewski Tobias , Barker Gareth J. , Bokde Arun L.W. , Bromberg Uli , Büchel Christian , Fauth‐Bühler Mira , Flor Herta , Galinowski André , Gallinat Juergen , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Ittermann Bernd , Mann Karl , Nees Frauke , Papadopoulos‐Orfanos Dimitri , Paus Tomas , Pausova Zdenka , Poustka Luise , Rietschel Marcella , Robbins Trevor W. , Smolka Michael N. , Ströhle Andreas , Schumann Gunter , Garavan Hugh ,   the IMAGEN Consortium
Published: April 2016

BackgroundDespite calls for integration of neurobiological methods into research on youth resilience (high competence despite high adversity), we know little about structural brain correlates of resilient functioning. The aim of the current study was to test for brain regions uniquely associated with positive functioning in the context of adversity, using detailed phenotypic classification.Methods1,870 European adolescents (Mage = 14.56 years, SDage = 0.44 years, 51.5% female) underwent MRI scanning and completed behavioral and psychological measures of stressful life events, academic competence, social competence, rule‐abiding conduct, personality, and alcohol use.ResultsThe interaction of competence and adversity identified two regions centered on the right middle and superior frontal gyri; grey matter volumes in these regions were larger in adolescents experiencing adversity who showed positive adaptation. Differences in these regions among competence/adversity subgroups were maintained after controlling for several covariates and were robust to alternative operationalization decisions for key constructs.ConclusionsWe demonstrate structural brain correlates of adolescent resilience, and suggest that right prefrontal structures are implicated in adaptive functioning for youth who have experienced adversity.
Parent education programmes for special health care needs children: a systematic review
Authors: Jackson Alun C , Liang Rachel P‐T , Frydenberg Erica , Higgins Rosemary O , Murphy Barbara M 
Published: April 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this review was to examine parent education programmes for families with children with special health care needs, to better design interventions focusing on the psychosocial aspects of living with a child's chronic condition.BackgroundStudies of familial coping with children with special health care needs indicate high levels of parenting stress, with families with children with special health care needs at risk of major psychological and social disturbances and financial strain. Despite increased knowledge of the factors affecting children with special health care needs themselves, evidence for the effectiveness of preventative and treatment interventions in the form of parent education programmes remains limited.DesignSystematic review using PRISMA guidelines.MethodMulti database Boolean searches in EBSCO Discovery Services using the search terms ‘complex/special health care needs children’, ‘child/pediatric/congenital heart disease’, ‘chronic illness (including diabetes, cancer and cystic fibrosis)’, ‘family coping’, ‘siblings’ AND ‘parenting/family support programs’ were conducted.ResultsAnalysis of 13 included studies showed evidence for the effectiveness of both mixed‐health condition and condition‐specific parenting programmes delivered in a variety of modes. Three common core intervention approaches were: use of narrative therapy enabling families to tell their own stories, thus facilitating emotional processing and (co‐) construction of meaning; a focus on strengthening protective factors such as enhancing parents’ skills in communication, and behavioural management and provision of psycho‐education to deepen parents’ understanding of their child's condition and associated developmental challenges.ConclusionIrrespective of the type of outcome measures used in the studies, the review showed that there were positive gains and improvements across a range of areas of family functioning such as mental health, parenting, communication and problem‐solving skills postprogramme.Relevance to clinical practiceIdentification of what programme characteristics enhance functioning for families with children with special health care needs should encourage the design of effective interventions.
It Pays to Set the Menu: Mutual Fund Investment Options in 401(k) Plans
Authors: POOL VERONIKA K. , SIALM CLEMENS , STEFANESCU IRINA 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates whether mutual fund families acting as service providers in 401(k) plans display favoritism toward their own affiliated funds. Using a hand‐collected data set on the menu of investment options offered to plan participants, we show that fund deletions and additions are less sensitive to prior performance for affiliated than unaffiliated funds. We find no evidence that plan participants undo this affiliation bias through their investment choices. Finally, we find that the subsequent performance of poorly performing affiliated funds indicates that this favoritism is not information driven.
Tubo‐ovarian abscess with endometrial cyst probably infected by Campylobacter fetus: Two cases
Authors: Kitamura Sachiko , Matsumura Noriomi , Ohtake Noriko , Kita Masato , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCampylobacter fetus often causes systemic infection in immunocompromised or older patients, and prenatal infection, but Campylobacter has rarely been reported as a cause of adnexitis in healthy young women. Here we report two cases of endometriotic cysts infected by C. fetus for the first time. In case 1, a 28‐year‐old woman with a left adnexal cyst was hospitalized for left tubo‐ovarian abscess and underwent left salpingo‐oophorectomy. In case 2, a 22‐year‐old woman with a right adnexal cyst was hospitalized for a bilateral tubo‐ovarian abscess and underwent right salpingo‐oophorectomy and left salpingectomy. In both cases, C. fetus was detected on culture, and histopathology indicated a purulent endometriotic cyst. The present findings suggest that endometriotic cyst can be a focus of C. fetus infection.
Relationship between Apparent Diffusion Coefficients and MR Spectroscopy Findings in High‐Grade Gliomas
Authors: Gadda Davide , Mazzoni Lorenzo Nicola , Pasquini Luca , Busoni Simone , Simonelli Paolo , Giordano Gian Paolo 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for preoperative grading and treatment planning of high‐grade gliomas (HGG) is still debated since the assumption of inverse correlation between ADC and cellularity is not completely coherent with the results of some studies. It has been recently hypothesized that restricted diffusivity in HGG may be related to hypoxic/ischemic changes inside the tumor. We therefore investigated the differences of ADC values between areas with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) markers of hypoxia and necrosis (lactate and lipid compounds) and regions with lack of both metabolites.METHODSThe MRS datasets and the corresponding ADC maps of 28 patients with HGG were retrospectively reviewed. Circular regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on ADC maps by means of spectral characteristics, considering the solid portions of gliomas. One‐way ANOVA or Welch test were performed for multiple comparison of the Mean ADC, minimum ADC (minADC), and standard deviation of pixel‐by‐pixel ADC measurements (ADC SD) values among the groups of ROIs with lactate, lipids, and lack of both metabolites (LAC, LIP, and NEG group, respectively).RESULTSThe minADC values in LAC group (908 ± 161 × 10−6 mm2s−1) were found to be significantly (P = .03) higher than in NEG group (792 ± 122 × 10−6 mm2s−1). We did not find other significant differences by the multiple comparison tests.CONCLUSIONSHGG areas with MRS markers of hypoxia and necrosis are not associated with restricted diffusivity. To explain the trend to diffusion facilitation in HGG lactate‐expressing regions, we hypothesize a possible hypoxia‐induced volume reduction of glioma cells with extracellular shift of cytoplasmic water.
Numerical and Experimental Analyses on the Temperature Distribution in the Dental Implant Preparation Area when Using a Surgical Guide
Authors: Liu Yun‐feng , Wu Jian‐lei , Zhang Jian‐xing , Peng Wei , Liao Wen‐qing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeDuring dental implantation, if the temperature within the bone tissue exceeds a critical value, the thermal necrosis of bone cells may take place, inhibiting osseointegration. In contrast to conventional dental implant surgery, a surgery guided by a surgical template is a safer and more efficient technique; however, the temperature within the implant field is more difficult to control, because the surgical guide blocks irrigation water. The purpose of this study was to investigate the temperature distribution in the drilling site when preparing for dental implant placement with a surgical guide, and to derive suggestions for clinical operation.Materials and MethodsInitially, the sources of heat during drilling were investigated, and theoretical equations were listed. Subsequently, a measurement system using thermocouples was constructed, with which the temperature increments at specific points in the simulated bone samples were recorded during guided drilling with different cooling methods. Based on the equations and data assessed, a thermal simulation model with a finite element method (FEM) was created, and the temperature change of the whole surgical field was calculated on the basis of the numerical simulation results. Consequently, the point experiencing the highest temperature within the bone was determined.ResultsFrom the experimental measurements, the highest temperature increment was located at a depth of 6 mm without irrigation and at 8 mm with cooling, rather than at the deepest point of the prepared hole. Because the surgical guide blocks the cooling water from entering the drilling site, the biggest increment of temperature using conventional irrigation with the surgical guide was 1.95 times that recorded when using a surgical guide consisting of cooling channels, and 3.6 times that recorded using a drill with an internal cooling hole. And from numerical analysis, during drilling for implant placement site with conventional irrigation, the highest temperature (45.6°C) was close to the critical point at which bone necrosis occurs.ConclusionsBased on theoretical analysis, experimentation, and FEM simulation, the temperature distribution of the drilling area in the placement of dental implants under surgical guide was determined. For clinical operation, improved cooling methods, such as using a drill with an internal cooling channel, should be used, and the drill should be regularly withdrawn during drilling.
Influence of partial replacement of ground wheat with whole wheat and exogenous enzyme supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and energy utilization in young broilers
Authors: Abdollahi M. R. , Ravindran V. , Amerah A. M. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis study investigated the influence of pre‐pelleting inclusion of whole wheat (WW) and exogenous enzyme supplementation on growth performance, coefficient of apparent ileal nutrient digestibility (CAID) and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) in broilers fed wheat‐based pelleted diets. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used with two methods of wheat inclusion [622 g/kg ground wheat (GW) and 250 g/kg WW replaced GW (wt/wt) pre‐pelleting (PWW)] and three enzymes (xylanase, phytase and xylanase plus phytase). A total of 288, one‐day‐old male broilers (Ross 308) were individually weighed and allocated to 36 cages (8 broilers/cage), and the cages were randomly assigned to the six dietary treatments. Birds fed PWW diets gained more (p < 0.05) weight than those fed GW diets. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of WW inclusion on feed intake (FI). Phytase alone increased (p < 0.05) FI compared to xylanase or the combination. Whole wheat inclusion increased (p < 0.05) the gain‐to‐feed ratio (G:F). Feeding xylanase plus phytase and phytase‐added diets resulted in the greatest and lowest G:F, respectively, with xylanase supplemented diets being intermediate. Birds fed PWW diets had greater (p < 0.05) relative gizzard weights than those fed GW diets. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of WW inclusion on the CAID of nitrogen (N), starch and fat. Combination of xylanase and phytase resulted in greater (p < 0.05) digestibility of N, starch and fat than that of individual additions. Feeding PWW diets resulted in greater (p < 0.05) AME values than GW diets. Combination of xylanase and phytase increased (p < 0.05) the AME compared to the diets with individual additions of xylanase or phytase. The current results suggest that the influence of pre‐pelleting WW inclusion and exogenous enzymes on nutrient digestibility and broiler performance is not additive.