bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Assembled Prototype Multimaterial Three-Dimensional–Printed Model of the Neck for Computed Tomography– and Ultrasound-Guided Interventional Procedures
Authors: Javan Ramin , Cho Alexander L. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A low-cost, semirealistic, multimaterial prototype phantom of the neck was developed for computed tomography– and ultrasound-guided interventions, using three-dimensional (3D) printing with a variety of materials as well as through molding techniques. This dual-modality phantom can be used by trainees for practicing procedures and can also serve as a prototype for developing more complex and realistic 3D-printed models, particularly with the continued development and advancement in multimaterial 3D printing technologies.
Asymptomatic Bartholin Cyst: Evaluation With Multidetector Row Computed Tomography
Authors: Silman Christopher , Matsumoto Shunro , Takaji Ryo , Matsumoto Akira , Otsuka Ayumi , Mori Hiromu , Nishida Yoshihiro , Narahara Hisashi , Ando Tadasuke , Miyake Hidetoshi 
Published: July 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, morphology, and attenuation characteristics of Bartholin cysts on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in asymptomatic women.

Methods
A total of 3280 consecutive MDCT examinations were assessed for Bartholin cysts. The diagnosis was based on shape, contrast enhancement, and anatomical location. Age, laterality, size, and attenuation patterns were recorded. Scans from patients with paravaginal-related symptoms were excluded, and any available follow-up MDCT scans or magnetic resonance images were evaluated.

Results
Asymptomatic Bartholin cysts were seen in 17 patients (0.52%) (mean age, 56 years). The mean maximum cyst diameter was 21.8 mm. High-attenuation cysts comprised 47% of cases, all in older (≥50 years) patients. Follow-up MDCT scans showed minimal changes over time.

Conclusions
High-attenuation Bartholin cysts are more common than previously thought and are usually seen in older women. The size and attenuation of Bartholin cysts show only minimal changes over time.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intracranial Hypotension: Diagnostic Value of Combined Qualitative Signs and Quantitative Metrics
Authors: Aslan Kerim , Gunbey Hediye Pinar , Tomak Leman , Ozmen Zafer , Incesu Lutfi 
Published: July 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of combination quantitative metrics (mamillopontine distance [MPD], pontomesencephalic angle, and mesencephalon anterior-posterior/medial-lateral diameter ratios) with qualitative signs (dural enhancement, subdural collections/hematoma, venous engorgement, pituitary gland enlargements, and tonsillar herniations) provides a more accurate diagnosis of intracranial hypotension (IH).

Methods
The quantitative metrics and qualitative signs of 34 patients and 34 control subjects were assessed by 2 independent observers. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of quantitative metrics and qualitative signs, and for the diagnosis of IH, optimum cutoff values of quantitative metrics were found with ROC analysis. Combined ROC curve was measured for the quantitative metrics, and qualitative signs combinations in determining diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were found, and the best model combination was formed.

Results
Whereas MPD and pontomesencephalic angle were significantly lower in patients with IH when compared with the control group (P < 0.001), mesencephalon anterior-posterior/medial-lateral diameter ratio was significantly higher (P < 0.001). For qualitative signs, the highest individual distinctive power was dural enhancement with area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.838. For quantitative metrics, the highest individual distinctive power was MPD with AUC of 0.947. The best accuracy in the diagnosis of IH was obtained by combination of dural enhancement, venous engorgement, and MPD with an AUC of 1.00.

Conclusions
This study showed that the combined use of dural enhancement, venous engorgement, and MPD had diagnostic accuracy of 100 % for the diagnosis of IH. Therefore, a more accurate IH diagnosis can be provided with combination of quantitative metrics with qualitative signs.
Detecting changes in real-time data: a user’s guide to optimal detection
Authors: Johnson P. , Moriarty J. , Peskir G. 
Published: July 2017

The real-time detection of changes in a noisily observed signal is an important problem in applied science and engineering. The study of parametric optimal detection theory began in the 1930s, motivated by applications in production and defence. Today this theory, which aims to minimize a given measure of detection delay under accuracy constraints, finds applications in domains including radar, sonar, seismic activity, global positioning, psychological testing, quality control, communications and power systems engineering. This paper reviews developments in optimal detection theory and sequential analysis, including sequential hypothesis testing and change-point detection, in both Bayesian and classical (non-Bayesian) settings. For clarity of exposition, we work in discrete time and provide a brief discussion of the continuous time setting, including recent developments using stochastic calculus. Different measures of detection delay are presented, together with the corresponding optimal solutions. We emphasize the important role of the signal-to-noise ratio and discuss both the underlying assumptions and some typical applications for each formulation.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Energy management: flexibility, risk and optimization’.
An input-to-state stability approach to verify almost global stability of a synchronous-machine-infinite-bus system
Authors: Schiffer Johannes , Efimov Denis , Ortega Romeo , Barabanov Nikita 
Published: July 2017

Conditions for almost global stability of an operating point of a realistic model of a synchronous generator with constant field current connected to an infinite bus are derived. The analysis is conducted by employing the recently proposed concept of input-to-state stability (ISS)–Leonov functions, which is an extension of the powerful cell structure principle developed by Leonov and Noldus to the ISS framework. Compared with the original ideas of Leonov and Noldus, the ISS–Leonov approach has the advantage of providing additional robustness guarantees. The efficiency of the derived sufficient conditions is illustrated via numerical experiments.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Energy management: flexibility, risk and optimization’.
Rapid isolation of functionally intact nuclei from the yeastSaccharomyces
Authors: Niepel Mario , Farr Julia C. , Rout Michael P. , Strambio-De-Castillia Caterina 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTMost available methods for nuclear isolation entail lengthy procedures that are difficult to master and generally emphasize yield and enrichment over nuclear preservation, thus limiting their utility for further studies. Here we demonstrate a novel and robust method to rapidly isolate well-preserved yeast nuclei. The method can be easily adapted to multiple preparation scales depending on experimental need and it can readily be performed on multiple samples by a single researcher in one day. We show that the nuclei fraction is strongly enriched and that the resulting nuclei are free from contaminating endoplasmatic reticulum and other cell debris. EM studies show that preservation of nuclear morphology is exquisite, making it possible to study peripheral nuclear pore components such as the cytoplasmic filaments and the basket, whose structure is generally difficult to maintain ex vivo. In addition, incubation of isolated nuclei with bulk transport substrates of different sizes and with import cargo indicates that the nuclear envelope is intact and nuclear pores retain their capacity to bind transport substrates. Our results suggest that this preparation procedure will greatly facilitate studies of the yeast nucleus which have been difficult to establish and to multiplex to date.
Paper based microfluidic aptasensor for food safety
Authors: Weng Xuan , Neethirajan Suresh 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTFood analysis is requiring rapid, accurate, sensitive and cost-effective methods to monitor and guarantee the safety and quality to fulfill the strict food legislation and consumer demands. In our study, a nano-materials enhanced multipurpose paper based microfluidic aptasensor was demonstrated as a sensing tool for accurate detection of food allergens and food toxins. Graphene oxide (GO) and specific aptamer-functionalized quantum dots (QDs) were employed as probes, the fluorescence quenching and recovering of the QDs caused by the interaction among GO, aptamer-functionalized QDs and the target protein were investigated to quantitatively analyze the target concentration. The homogenous assay was performed on the paper based microfluidic chip, which significantly decreased the sample and reagent consumptions and reduced the assay time. Egg white lysozyme, ß-conglutin lupine and food toxins, okadaic acid and brevetoxin standard solutions and spiked food samples were successfully assayed by the presented aptasensor. Dual-target assay was completed within 5 min, and superior sensitivities were achieved when testing the samples with commercial ELISA kits side by side.
Laterality of the frontal aslant tract (FAT) explains externalizing behaviors through its association with executive function
Authors: Garic Dea , Broce Iris , Graziano Paulo , Mattfeld Aaron , Dick Anthony Steven 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe investigated the development of a recently-identified white matter pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT) and its association to executive function and externalizing behaviors in a sample of 129 neurotypical children ranging in age from 7 months to 19-years. We found that the FAT could be tracked in 92% of those children, and that the pathway showed age-related differences into adulthood. The change in white matter microstructure was very rapid until about 6-years, and then plateaued, only to show age-related increases again after the age of 11-years. In a subset of those children (5-18-years;n= 70), left laterality of the microstructural properties of the FAT was associated with greater attention problems as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). However, this relationship was fully mediated by higher executive dysfunction as measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). This relationship was specific to the FAT—we found no relationship between laterality of the white matter of the brain in general and attention problems, or executive function. These findings suggest that the degree to which the developing brain favors a right lateralized structural dominance of the FAT is directly associated with executive function and attention. This novel finding provides a new potential structural biomarker to assess attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated executive dysfunction during development.Significance StatementTo investigate the function of a recently-identified white matter fiber pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), we tracked the pathway in 129 typically developing children using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). We then examined whether laterality of the tract is associated with attention problems and executive function. We found that reduced right laterality of the tract was associated with greater executive dysfunction, which predicted increased reports of attention problems. The findings suggest that the degree to which the developing brain favors a right lateralized structural dominance of the FAT is directly associated with executive function and attention. This novel finding provides a new potential structural biomarker to assess attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated executive dysfunction during development.
HBV vaccination and PMTCT as elimination tools in the presence of HIV: insights from a clinical cohort and dynamic model
Authors: McNaughton Anna L , Lourenço José , Hattingh Louise , Adland Emily , Daniels Samantha , Zyl Anriette Van , Akiror Connie S , Wareing Susan , Jeffery Katie , Ansari M Azim , Klenerman Paul , Goulder Philip J R , Gupta Sunetra , Jooste Pieter , Matthews Philippa C 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground:Sustainable Development Goals set a challenge for the elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a public health concern by the year 2030. Deployment of a robust prophylactic vaccine and enhanced interventions for prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) are cornerstones of elimination strategy. However, in light of the estimated global burden of 290 million cases, enhanced efforts are required to underpin optimisation of public health strategy. Robust analysis of population epidemiology is particularly crucial for populations in Africa made vulnerable by HIV co-infection, poverty, stigma and poor access to prevention, diagnosis and treatment.Methods:We here set out to evaluate the current and future role of HBV vaccination and PMTCT as tools for elimination. We first investigated the current impact of paediatric vaccination in a cohort of children with and without HIV infection in Kimberley, South Africa. Second, we used these data to inform a new model to simulate the ongoing impact of preventive interventions. By applying these two approaches in parallel, we are able to determine both the current impact of interventions, and the future projected outcome of ongoing preventive strategies over time.Results:Existing efforts have been successful in reducing paediatric prevalence of HBV infection in this setting to <1%, demonstrating the success of the existing vaccine campaign. Our model predicts that, if consistently deployed, combination efforts of vaccination and PMTCT can significantly reduce population prevalence (HBsAg) by 2030, such that a major public health impact is possible even without achieving elimination. However, the prevalence of HBV e-antigen (HBeAg)-positive carriers will decline more slowly, representing a persistent population reservoir. We show that HIV co-infection significantly reduces titres of vaccine-mediated antibody, but has a relatively minor role in influencing the projected time to elimination. Our model can also be applied to other settings in order to predict time to elimination based on specific interventions.Conclusions:Through extensive deployment of preventive strategies for HBV, significant positive public health impact is possible, although time to HBV elimination as a public health concern is likely to be substantially longer than that proposed by current goals.
Phylogenetic turnover during subtropical forest succession across environmental and phylogenetic scales
Authors: Purschke Oliver , Michalski Stefan G. , Bruelheide Helge , Durka Walter 
Published: July 2017

SummaryAlthough spatial and temporal patterns of phylogenetic community structure during succession are inherently interlinked and assembly processes vary with environmental and phylogenetic scale, successional studies of community assembly have yet to integrate spatial and temporal components of community structure, while accounting for scaling issues. To gain insight into the processes that generate biodiversity after disturbance, we combine analyses of spatial and temporal phylogenetic turnover across phylogenetic scales, accounting for covariation with environmental differences.We compared phylogenetic turnover, at the species-and individual-level, within and between five successional stages, representing woody plant communities in a subtropical forest chronosequence. We decomposed turnover at different phylogenetic depths and assessed its covariation with between-plot abiotic differences.Phylogenetic turnover between stages was low relative to species turnover and was not explained by abiotic differences. However, within the late successional stages, there was high presence/absence-based turnover (clustering) that occurred deep in the phylogeny and covaried with environmental differentiation.Our results support a deterministic model of community assembly where (i) phylogenetic composition is constrained through successional time, but (ii) towards late succession, species sorting into preferred habitats according to niche traits that are conserved deep in phylogeny, becomes increasingly important.
Some considerations on shear and torsion in R/C structural members in fire
Authors: Bamonte Patrick , Gambarova Pietro G. , Kalaba Nataša , Tattoni Sergio 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This study aims to provide a factual justification of the extension to fire conditions of the well-known design models for the calculations of R/C members at the ultimate limit state in shear and torsion. Both solid and thin-walled sections are considered. In the latter case, the little-known topic of shear-transfer mechanisms at high temperature is introduced and discussed.

Design/methodology/approach
Both the effective-section method and the zone method are treated, as well as the strut-and-tie models required by the analysis of the so-called D zones (discontinuity zones), where heat-enhanced cracking further bears out the phenomenological basis of the models.

Findings
The increasing role played by the stirrups in shear and by the rather cold concrete core in torsion stand out clearly in fire, while high temperatures rapidly reduce the contributions of such resisting mechanisms as concrete-teeth bending, aggregate interlock and dowel action.

Originality/value
On the whole, beside quantifying the side contributions of web mechanisms and section core in fire conditions, this study indicates a possible approach to extend to fire the available models on the coupling of shear and bending, and shear and torsion in R/C members.
Neighborly assistance: high expectations of multi-generation cohousing projects
Authors: Wechuli Yvonne 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Multi-generation cohousing projects are loaded with the expectations of inhabitants and planners, as well as political representatives. They are expected to foster a form of neighborly assistance, which is supposed to ultimately unburden social security. But evidence is scarce when it comes to central aspects like long-term development, the influence of context factors, the quality of community living, and the neighborly assistance actually provided. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
Hence, this explorative study sought to specify the support activities that neighbors in one cohousing project carried out. A survey was conducted in three survey intervals, with questionnaires structured according to the ”Activities” chapter of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (WHO 2002).

Findings
Respondents reported receiving or providing assistance in all suggested areas of life, but some activities were more common than others. Respondents with long-term support requirements were not assisted by neighbors but by other caregivers. The results indicate that neighborliness depends on the individual activity radius since the scope of assistance varied along with socio-demographic characteristics. Respondents deemed reciprocity important to guarantee the voluntary nature of neighborly support and also to allow care recipients to specify how support should be given.

Research limitations/implications
The author therefore suggests considering multi-generation cohousing projects as a means to foster Quality of Life rather than to cut costs.

Originality/value
Findings from this study with a focus on multi-generation cohousing with the legal status of cooperatives and implications for spatial planning were previously published in: Kuhnke, Y. (2015), “Nachbarschaftliche Hilfen. Hohe Erwartungen an Mehrgenerationenwohnprojekte in der Rechtsform der Genossenschaften” (Neighborly Assistance. High Expectations of Multi-generation Cohousing Projects under the Legal Form of Registered Cooperatives), RaumPlanung, Vol. 179 No. 3, pp. 20-6.
Evaluation of Age & Dementia Friendly Gymnastics Programme
Authors: Karania Vinal Khushal 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of an bilaterally asymmetric gymnastics-based exercise programme on older people participating in a care home and day centre setting.

Design/methodology/approach
The research design comprised a small-scale pilot in two care homes and one day care centre in Cambridgeshire, England. The research was a qualitative evaluation that included observing sessions delivered; interviews with older people participating, their spouses, family members and friends; interviews with staff; and a review of the diary of each session written by the person delivering the exercise programme.

Findings
Older people participating in the programme showed a demonstrable improvement with aspects of their physical, emotional and cognitive ability. Older people with mild to advanced forms of dementia appeared to benefit most. The sessions were enjoyable and a real bond developed between the older people.

Research limitations/implications
Future research will benefit from understanding whether the observed improvements are reflected in objective measures. The inclusion of a comparison group will be important to further add to the belief that the observed changes are caused by the programme. The inclusion of a large sample size covering different geographic areas will be needed to test more widely the viability of this programme.

Originality/value
This research is the first to investigate the impact of an asymmetric gymnastics-based exercise programme on older people, with varying levels of dementia, in a care home and day centre setting.