bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presence of the tunicate Asterocarpa humilis on ship hulls and aquaculture facilities in the coast of the Biobío Region, south central Chile
Authors: Pinochet Javier , Leclerc Jean-Charles , Brante Antonio , Daguin-Thiébaut Claire , Díaz Christian , Tellier Florence , Viard Frédérique 
Published: August 2017

Non-native ascidians are important members of the fouling community associated with artificial substrata and man-made structures. Being efficient fouling species, they are easily spread by human-mediated transports (e.g., with aquaculture trade and maritime transports). This is exemplified by the ascidian Asterocarpa humilis which displays a wide distribution in the Southern Hemisphere and has been recently reported in the Northern Hemisphere (NW Europe). In continental Chile, its first report dates back from 2000 for the locality of Antofagasta (23°S). Although there was no evidence about the vectors of introduction and spread, nor the source, some authors suggested maritime transport by ship hulls and aquaculture devices as putative introduction pathways and vectors. In the present study, we report for the first time the presence of A. humilis on the hull of an international ship in a commercial port in Concepción bay (36°S), south central Chile. We also found one individual associated to a seashell farm, 70 km far from Concepción bay. Further individuals were subsequently identified within Concepción bay: one juvenile settled upon international harbor pilings and a dozen individuals along aquaculture seashell longlines. For the first specimens sampled, species identification was ascertained using both morphological criteria and molecular barcoding, using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and a nuclear gene (ribosomal RNA 18S). The nuclear 18S gene and the mitochondrial gene COI clearly assigned the specimens to A. humilis, confirming our morphological identification. Two haplotypes were obtained with COI corresponding to haplotypes previously obtained with European and Northern Chilean specimens. The present study thus reports for the first time the presence of A. humilis in the Araucanian ecoregion, documenting the apparent expansion of this non-native tunicate in Chile over 2,000 km, spanning over three ecoregions. In addition we reveal the potential implication of the international maritime transport as a vector of spread of this species along the Eastern Pacific coast, and the putative role of aquaculture facilities in promoting local establishments of non-native tunicates.
Testing a thermo‐chemo‐hydro‐geomechanical model for gas hydrate‐bearing sediments using triaxial compression laboratory experiments
Authors: Gupta S. , Deusner C. , Haeckel M. , Helmig R. , Wohlmuth B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNatural gas hydrates are considered a potential resource for gas production on industrial scales. Gas hydrates contribute to the strength and stiffness of the hydrate‐bearing sediments. During gas production, the geomechanical stability of the sediment is compromised. Due to the potential geotechnical risks and process management issues, the mechanical behavior of the gas hydrate‐bearing sediments needs to be carefully considered. In this study, we describe a coupling concept that simplifies the mathematical description of the complex interactions occurring during gas production by isolating the effects of sediment deformation and hydrate phase changes. Central to this coupling concept is the assumption that the soil grains form the load‐bearing solid skeleton, while the gas hydrate enhances the mechanical properties of this skeleton. We focus on testing this coupling concept in capturing the overall impact of geomechanics on gas production behavior though numerical simulation of a high‐pressure isotropic compression experiment combined with methane hydrate formation and dissociation. We consider a linear‐elastic stress‐strain relationship because it is uniquely defined and easy to calibrate. Since, in reality, the geomechanical response of the hydrate‐bearing sediment is typically inelastic and is characterized by a significant shear‐volumetric coupling, we control the experiment very carefully in order to keep the sample deformations small and well within the assumptions of poroelasticity. The closely coordinated experimental and numerical procedures enable us to validate the proposed simplified geomechanics‐to‐flow coupling, and set an important precursor toward enhancing our coupled hydro‐geomechanical hydrate reservoir simulator with more suitable elastoplastic constitutive models.
Cosmic ray event in 994 C.E. recorded in radiocarbon from Danish oak
Authors: Fogtmann‐Schulz A. , Østbø S. M. , Nielsen S. G. B. , Olsen J. , Karoff C. , Knudsen M. F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe present measurements of radiocarbon in annual tree rings from the time period 980–1006 Common Era (C.E.), hereby covering the cosmic ray event in 994 C.E. The new radiocarbon record from Danish oak is based on both earlywood and latewood fractions of the tree rings, which makes it possible to study seasonal variations in 14C production. The measurements show a rapid increase of ∼10‰ from 993 to 994 C.E. in latewood, followed by a modest decline and relatively high values over the ensuing ∼10 years. This rapid increase occurs from 994 to 995 C.E. in earlywood, suggesting that the cosmic ray event most likely occurred during the period between April and June 994 C.E. Our new record from Danish oak shows strong agreement with existing Δ14C records from Japan, thus supporting the hypothesis that the 994 C.E. cosmic ray event was uniform throughout the Northern Hemisphere and therefore can be used as an astrochronological tie point to anchor floating chronologies of ancient history.
The neglected Indo‐Gangetic Plains low‐level jet and its importance for moisture transport and precipitation during the peak summer monsoon
Authors: Acosta R. P. , Huber M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAccurately simulating the Indo‐Asian monsoon (IAM) using atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) is challenging but crucial. This study uses reanalysis products European Centre of Medium‐Range Forecast Interim reanalysis, Japanese Reanalysis year 55, and High Asia Reanalysis to highlight an easterly, low‐level barrier jet along the Indo‐Gangetic Plain (referred from here as IG LLJ), which we identify as the primary moisture transport mechanism for the northeastern branch of the IAM. We show that the NCAR family of AGCMs (Community Atmospheric Model (CAM)) does not capture this circulation until 1/2° or greater spatial horizontal resolution is used. The IG LLJ develops due to a persistent low‐pressure system centered over the Ganges basin and is enhanced by the Himalayas. Using diabatic heating rates and the moist Froude number as diagnostics, we find that in CAM, this branch of the IAM displays two different dynamical regimes as a function of resolution. At low resolution, the atmosphere near the Himalayas is statically unstable, diabatic heating is strong, and the moisture flow is southwesterly from the Arabian Sea and moves over the terrain (unblocked). At high resolution, the moist static stability near the Himalayan Mountains is stable, diabatic heating is weak, and the flow primarily enters easterly from the Bay of Bengal and moves parallel to the terrain (blocked). During the summer season, the low‐resolution CAM is locked into the unblocked mode, which has serious implications for interpreting topography‐monsoon interactions. For a broader context, we demonstrate that more than half of the CMIP5 models do not capture the IG LLJ, which further highlights model‐data mismatch across the IAM region.
Climatic and physiographic controls of spatial variability in surface water balance over the contiguous United States using the Budyko relationship
Authors: Abatzoglou John T. , Ficklin Darren L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe geographic variability in the partitioning of precipitation into surface runoff (Q) and evapotranspiration (ET) is fundamental to understanding regional water availability. The Budyko equation suggests this partitioning is strictly a function of aridity, yet observed deviations from this relationship for individual watersheds impede using the framework to model surface water balance in ungauged catchments and under future climate and land use scenarios. A set of climatic, physiographic, and vegetation metrics were used to model the spatial variability in the partitioning of precipitation for 211 watersheds across the contiguous United States (CONUS) within Budyko's framework through the free parameter ω. A generalized additive model found that four widely available variables, precipitation seasonality, the ratio of soil water holding capacity to precipitation, topographic slope, and the fraction of precipitation falling as snow, explained 81.2% of the variability in ω. The ω model applied to the Budyko equation explained 97% of the spatial variability in long‐term Q for an independent set of watersheds. The ω model was also applied to estimate the long‐term water balance across the CONUS for both contemporary and mid‐21st century conditions. The modeled partitioning of observed precipitation to Q and ET compared favorably across the CONUS with estimates from more sophisticated land‐surface modeling efforts. For mid‐21st century conditions, the model simulated an increase in the fraction of precipitation used by ET across the CONUS with declines in Q for much of the eastern CONUS and mountainous watersheds across the western United States.
Patterns of Systemic Treatment for Psoriatic Arthritis in the US: 2004–2015
Authors: Lee Moa P. , Lii Joyce , Jin Yinzhu , Desai Rishi J. , Solomon Daniel H. , Merola Joseph F. , Kim Seoyoung C. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo examine trends in the use of systemic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) among patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the US.MethodsUsing claims data (2004–2015) from a large US commercial health plan, we identified patients with PsA who initiated DMARD therapy. We examined baseline patient characteristics and initial treatment patterns. We then assessed changes in the DMARD regimen over the 12‐month period after the first DMARD initiation date. Using Poisson regression, we estimated age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence rates of treatment changes in each calendar year.ResultsWe identified 9,222 PsA patients who initiated DMARD therapy (42.8% biologic DMARDs [bDMARDs] and 57.2% conventional synthetic DMARDs [csDMARDs]). Initiators of bDMARDs were younger than those initiating csDMARDs (mean ± SD age 48 ± 13 versus 52 ± 14 years) and generally had fewer comorbidities, but a higher proportion of bDMARD initiators received nonsystemic treatments for psoriasis at baseline. Methotrexate was the most frequently used DMARD, constituting 80.6% of csDMARD initiations. Etanercept (49.1%) was the most commonly prescribed bDMARD, followed by adalimumab (34.4%). During the 12‐month followup after the first DMARD initiation, 20.1% of bDMARD initiators and 31.1% of csDMARD initiators had their initial DMARD regimen modified, with an increasing trend in treatment modifications over the 11‐year study period (P = 0.03). Overall, 5.3% of patients discontinued treatment, but the rates of discontinuation decreased over time (P < 0.001).ConclusionIn this large cohort of PsA patients with DMARD initiation, more than 40% were treated with a bDMARD. We found an increasing trend in treatment modification after use of the initial DMARD and a decreasing trend in complete DMARD discontinuation over the past decade.
Assessment of Microvascular Abnormalities by Nailfold Capillaroscopy in Juvenile Dermatomyositis After Medium‐ to Long‐Term Followup
Authors: Barth Zoltan , Witczak Birgit N. , Flatø Berit , Koller Akos , Sjaastad Ivar , Sanner Helga 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveIn juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), microvascular abnormalities, measured by nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC), are common early in the disease course. We aimed to compare the presence of NFC abnormalities in patients with medium‐ to long‐term juvenile DM with that of controls, and to explore associations between NFC abnormalities and disease activity and other disease characteristics.MethodsFifty‐eight juvenile DM patients with a median disease duration of 16.8 (range 2–38) years were clinically examined and compared with matched controls. By NFC, we assessed nailfold capillary density (NCD), giant capillaries, scleroderma, and neovascular pattern (defined as scleroderma active or late pattern). NFC was analyzed with researchers blinded to patient/control identity and disease characteristics. We measured disease activity and damage by validated tools, and patients were categorized as having active or inactive disease according to the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation criteria.ResultsCompared to controls, patients had decreased NCD (mean ± SD 6.4 ± 2.1/mm versus 7.6 ± 0.8/mm; P = 0.001) and showed more abnormality in all other NFC parameters; 36% of patients versus 4% of controls had NCD <6/mm (P < 0.001). Giant capillaries, scleroderma, and neovascular pattern were found in 9%, 84%, and 41% of patients, respectively. Patients with active disease (n = 30) presented more frequently with neovascular pattern than patients with inactive disease (n = 28) (P = 0.041). Decreased NCD and neovascular pattern were associated with higher levels of disease activity and impaired muscle function.ConclusionAfter medium‐ to long‐term followup, juvenile DM patients had decreased NCD and, often, neovascular pattern; both were associated with higher levels of disease activity and impaired muscle function. This suggests that NFC can be a biomarker for disease activity in longstanding juvenile DM too.
Toward Establishing a Standardized Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring System for Temporomandibular Joints in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Tolend Mirkamal A. , Twilt Marinka , Cron Randy Q. , Tzaribachev Nikolay , Guleria Saurabh , von Kalle Thekla , Koos Bernd , Miller Elka , Stimec Jennifer , Vaid Yoginder , Larheim Tore A. , Herlin Troels , Spiegel Lynn , Inarejos Clemente Emilio J. , Moineddin Rahim , van Rossum Marion A. , Saurenmann Rotraud K. , Doria Andrea S. , Kellenberger Christian J. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThe temporomandibular joints (TMJs) are frequently affected in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Early detection is challenging, as major variation is present in scoring TMJ pathology on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Consensus‐driven development and validation of an MRI scoring system for TMJs has important clinical utility in timely improvement of diagnosis and serving as an outcome measure. We report on a multi‐institutional collaboration toward developing a TMJ MRI scoring system for JIA.MethodsSeven readers independently assessed MRI scans from 21 patients (42 TMJs, from patients ages 6–16 years) using 3 existing MRI scoring systems from American, German, and Swiss institutions. Reliability scores, scoring system definitions, and items were discussed among 10 JIA experts through 2 rounds of Delphi surveys, nominal group voting, and subsequent consensus meetings to create a novel TMJ MRI scoring system.ResultsAverage‐measure absolute agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (avICCs) for the total scores of all 3 scoring systems were highly reliable at 0.96 each. Osteochondral items showed higher reliability than inflammatory items. An additive system was deemed preferable for assessing minor joint changes over time. Eight items were considered sufficiently reliable and/or important for integration into the consensus scoring system: bone marrow edema and enhancement (avICC 0.57–0.61, smallest detectable difference [SDD] ± 45–63% prior to redefining), condylar flattening (avICC 0.95–0.96, SDD ± 23–28%), effusions (avICC 0.85–0.88, SDD ± 25–26%), erosions (avICC 0.94, SDD ± 20%), synovial enhancement and thickening (previously combined, avICC 0.90–0.91, SDD ± 33%), and disk abnormalities (avICC 0.90, SDD ± 19%).ConclusionA novel TMJ MRI scoring system was developed by consensus. Further iterative refinements and reliability testing are warranted in upcoming studies.
Asymmetric Bioreduction of β‐Activated Vinylphosphonate Derivatives Using Ene‐Reductases
Authors: Janicki Ignacy , Kiełbasiński Piotr , Turrini Nikolaus G. , Faber Kurt , Hall Mélanie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA series of functionalized α‐chiral phosphonates was obtained by enzymatic reduction of the corresponding β‐activated vinylphosphonate derivatives employing several ene‐reductases of the Old Yellow Enzyme family as biocatalysts. The insufficient activation of the phosphonate group alone was compensated by introduction of an electron‐withdrawing group at the β‐position, which resulted in high levels of conversion (up to >99%). All active enzymes consistently furnished (R)‐configurated products with exquisite stereoselectivity, thereby providing a stereo‐complementary approach to current asymmetric hydrogenation protocols on similar compounds. Preparative‐scale syntheses performed in aqueous buffer using formate/formate dehydrogenase for recycling of the nicotinamide cofactor granted access to β‐keto‐, cyano‐ and ester phosphonates from the (E)‐isomers of α,β‐unsaturated phosphonates in up to 72% isolated yield and >99% ee.magnified image
Robotic surgery for esophageal cancer: Merits and demerits
Authors: Seto Yasuyuki , Mori Kazuhiko , Aikou Susumu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSince the introduction of robotic systems in esophageal surgery in 2000, the number of robotic esophagectomies has been gradually increasing worldwide, although robot‐assisted surgery is not yet regarded as standard treatment for esophageal cancer, because of its high cost and the paucity of high‐level evidence. In 2016, more than 1800 cases were operated with robot assistance. Early results with small series demonstrated feasibility and safety in both robotic transhiatal (THE) and transthoracic esophagectomies (TTE). Some studies report that the learning curve is approximately 20 cases. Following the initial series, operative results of robotic TTE have shown a tendency to improve, and oncological long‐term results are reported to be effective and acceptable: R0 resection approaches 95%, and locoregional recurrence is rare. Several recent studies have demonstrated advantages of robotic esophagectomy in lymphadenectomy compared with the thoracoscopic approach. Such technical innovations as three‐dimensional view, articulated instruments with seven degrees of movement, tremor filter etc. have the potential to outperform any conventional procedures. With the aim of preventing postoperative pulmonary complications without diminishing lymphadenectomy performance, a nontransthoracic radical esophagectomy procedure combining a video‐assisted cervical approach for the upper mediastinum and a robot‐assisted transhiatal approach for the middle and lower mediastinum, transmediastinal esophagectomy, was developed; its short‐term outcomes are promising.Thus, the merits or demerits of robotic surgery in this field remain quite difficult to assess. However, in the near future, the merits will definitely outweigh the demerits because the esophagus is an ideal organ for a robotic approach.
Semiclassical Asymptotics of the Aharonov‐Bohm Interference Process
Authors: Fischer Stefan G. , Gneiting Clemens , Buchleitner Andreas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe systematically derive the semiclassical limit of a charged particle's motion in the presence of an infinitely long and infinitesimally thin solenoid carrying magnetic flux. Our limit establishes the connection of the particle's quantum mechanical canonical angular momentum to the latter's classical counterpart. A picture of Aharonov‐Bohm interference of two half‐waves acquiring Dirac's magnetic phase when passing on either side of the solenoid naturally emerges from the quantum propagator. The resulting interference pattern is fully determined by the ratio of the angular part of Hamilton's principal function to Planck's constant, and the wave interference smoothes out discontinuities in the semiclassical propagator which is recovered in the limit when the above ratio diverges. We discuss the relation of our results to the whirling‐wave representation of the exact propagator, and to previous approaches on the system's asymptotics.
Nanoscale Metal–Organic Layers for Deeply Penetrating X‐ray‐Induced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Lan Guangxu , Ni Kaiyuan , Xu Ruoyu , Lu Kuangda , Lin Zekai , Chan Christina , Lin Wenbin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe report the rational design of metal–organic layers (MOLs) that are built from [Hf6O4(OH)4(HCO2)6] secondary building units (SBUs) and Ir[bpy(ppy)2]+‐ or [Ru(bpy)3]2+‐derived tricarboxylate ligands (Hf‐BPY‐Ir or Hf‐BPY‐Ru; bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, ppy=2‐phenylpyridine) and their applications in X‐ray‐induced photodynamic therapy (X‐PDT) of colon cancer. Heavy Hf atoms in the SBUs efficiently absorb X‐rays and transfer energy to Ir[bpy(ppy)2]+ or [Ru(bpy)3]2+ moieties to induce PDT by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ability of X‐rays to penetrate deeply into tissue and efficient ROS diffusion through ultrathin 2D MOLs (ca. 1.2 nm) enable highly effective X‐PDT to afford superb anticancer efficacy.
Self‐Cleaning Catalyst Electrodes for Stabilized CO2 Reduction to Hydrocarbons
Authors: Weng Zhe , Zhang Xing , Wu Yueshen , Huo Shengjuan , Jiang Jianbing , Liu Wen , He Guanjie , Liang Yongye , Wang Hailiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA surface‐restructuring strategy is presented that involves self‐cleaning Cu catalyst electrodes with unprecedented catalytic stability toward CO2 reduction. Under the working conditions, the Pd atoms pre‐deposited on Cu surface induce continuous morphological and compositional restructuring of the Cu surface, which constantly refreshes the catalyst surface and thus maintains the catalytic properties for CO2 reduction to hydrocarbons. The Pd‐decorated Cu electrode can catalyze CO2 reduction with relatively stable selectivity and current density for up to 16 h, which is one of the best catalytic durability performances among all Cu electrocatalysts for effective CO2 conversion to hydrocarbons. The generality of this approach of utilizing foreign metal atoms to induce surface restructuring toward stabilizing Cu catalyst electrodes against deactivation by carbonaceous species accumulation in CO2 reduction is further demonstrated by replacing Pd with Rh.
Scalable Dry Production Process of a Superior 3D Net‐Like Carbon‐Based Iron Oxide Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Min , Du Haoran , Kuai Long , Huang Kuangfu , Xia Yuanyuan , Geng Baoyou 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCarbon‐based transition‐metal oxides are considered as an appropriate anode material candidate for lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, a simple and scalable dry production process is developed to produce carbon‐encapsulated 3D net‐like FeOx/C materials. The process is simply associated with the pyrolysis of a solid carbon source, such as filter paper, adsorbed with ferrite nitrate. The carbon derived from filter paper induces a carbothermal reduction to form metallic Fe, the addition of carbon and iron increase the conductivity of this material. As expected, this 3D net‐like FeOx/C composite delivers an excellent charge capacity of 851.3 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 0.2 A g−1 as well as high stability and rate performance of 714.7 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 A g−1. Superior performance, harmlessness, low costs, and high yield may greatly stimulate the practical application of the products as anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries.