bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mining minor cold-resistant genes in V. vinifera based on transcriptomics
Authors: Liu Junli , Wang Zhilei , Wang Liang , Jiang Shan , Li Hua , Wang Hua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Cold resistance is an important characteristic of sustainable development in the grape industry. Analyzing cold resistance genes provides molecular theoretical support for high-quality cold resistance breeding through cross breeding between grape varieties. The intraspecific recurrent selection in Vitis vinifera (V. vinifera) method uses high-quality varieties as breeding materials, and utilizes the substitution and accumulation of minor resistance genes, which is an effective method for high-quality grape disease resistance breeding.
Results
This study aimed to identify and genetically analyze the cold resistance of the V. viniferahybrid population (Ecolly x Dunkelfelder), screen for highly resistant and sensitive plant samples, and use high-throughput sequencing to perform transcriptome sequencing and related differential gene expression analysis on each sample. The results showed that the cold resistance of the hybrid offspring population was a continuous quantitative trait inheritance, with 38 differentially expressed genes (7 upregulated genes and 31 downregulated genes) between the high resistance and sensitive types. GO enrichment analysis showed that differential genes were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis process of aromatic compounds, organic cyclic compounds, transcription cis regulatory region binding, transcription regulatory region nucleic acid binding, sequence specific double stranded DNA binding, double stranded DNA binding, and sequence specific DNA binding. KEGG analysis revealed differentially expressed genes, with pathways mainly enriched in the biosynthesis pathways of hexene, diarylheptanoid and gingerol, flavonoid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.
Conclusion
Through the analysis of cold resistance related genes in various pathways, it was found that the cold resistance genes of V. vinifera were mainly related to secondary metabolites, lipid, carbohydrate, amino acid synthesis metabolism, and transcription factor regulation.
Novel Biosorption Method for Eliminating Methylene Blue Dye from Wastewater Using Sweet Potato Peels.
Authors: Husnain Ali , Umer Asim , Azam Amna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the use of sweet potato peels as a biosorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of key variables, including adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial dye concentration, on the removal efficiency of MB. The results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of MB increased with the adsorbent dosage, reaching an optimal value of 70% at a dosage of 1.1 g/100 mL. Additionally, the adsorption process achieved equilibrium at 50 minutes of contact time. However, higher concentrations of MB in the solution led to a decrease in removal efficiency, likely due to the saturation of the adsorbent surface. Further analysis using FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phenolic groups on the sweet potato peel surface, which play a crucial role in the adsorption process. The study concluded that sweet potato peels are an effective, eco-friendly adsorbent for MB dye removal, offering a sustainable approach to wastewater treatment. The findings highlight the potential of this agricultural byproduct in addressing water pollution concerns, providing a viable solution aligned with environmental conservation efforts.
Caffeine Modulates Ferroptosis Through the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway to Inhibit Invasion and Migration of U-373 Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Jiazhi Xu , Yun Zhang , Dagang Chen , Fengquan Gao , Deshuai Ren , Weidong Wu , Yan Du , Wang Na 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine on the invasion and migration of human glioblastoma U-373 cells and to elucidate its mechanism of action through the regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and ferroptosis.Methods U-373 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM). The effects of caffeine on cell invasion, migration, apoptosis, and ferroptosis were assessed using Transwell assays, flow cytometry, cell scratch assays, and Western blotting techniques. Western blot analysis was specifically used to evaluate the expression of PI3K/Akt-related proteins and markers of ferroptosis.Results Caffeine significantly inhibited the invasion and migration of U-373 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. It also promoted apoptosis and decreased the expression of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt proteins, as well as markers associated with ferroptosis.Conclusion Caffeine, through its regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and modulation of ferroptosis, effectively suppresses the invasion and migration of U-373 glioblastoma cells. These findings suggest that caffeine could be a promising anti-glioblastoma agent and offer new insights into its potential applications in cancer treatment.
Strict phonics beats mixed phonics: Effective teaching improves reading acquisition and reduces social inequalities
Authors: Ziegler Johannes , Gioia Paul , Deauvieau Jerome 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Reading is crucial for functioning in our modern societies, and reading failure is associated with reduced happiness and success. Indeed, learning-to-read an alphabetic script requires the explicit teaching of the correspondences between letters and sounds (phonics). Memorizing thousands of visual words by heart is no alternative as it would be like memorizing a telephone directory. Although most teachers indicate that they systematically teach letter-sound correspondences in grade 1, there is evidence that many of them complement explicit letter-sound teaching (strict phonics) with various whole word recognition strategies (mixed phonics). The goal of the present study was to find out whether strict phonics methods produce better results than less strict or mixed phonics methods. To do so, the responses of 9,340 grade 1 teachers concerning their teaching practice and the textbook they used were matched to the performance of their 139,288 students assessed in mid-grade 1 and early-grade 2 through the national evaluations in France. The results of hierarchical mixed effects modelling showed a clear advantage of strict phonics textbooks and strict phonics teaching methods over mixed, strongly mixed, or very strongly mixed (non-systematic) phonics methods while controlling for pre-reading skills, class reading level, socio-economic status, and teacher experience. The advantage of strict phonics methods over all other methods was even stronger for pupils with initially weak pre-reading skills and students from socio-economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. These results have far-reaching implications for educational policy, teacher training, prevention of reading difficulties, and social equality.
Comprehensive resolution and classification of the Epstein Barr virus transcriptome
Authors: Flemington Erik , Nguyen Truong , O'Grady Tina , Roberts Claire , Nguyen Trang , McFerrin Harris , Baddoo Melody , Wyczechowska Dorota , Morales Maria , Dong Yan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Virus genomes harbor highly compacted repertoires of genes and regulatory elements. Here, we report the most comprehensive Epstein Barr virus (EBV) transcriptome analysis to date, significantly expanding the number of known transcript isoforms to 1453 and resolving the major isoform of all but one lytic open reading frame. We also categorize each transcript according to their dependence on viral DNA replication, classifying transcripts as “early”, “leaky late”, or “late”. We show that the late gene viral preinitiation complex, vPIC also activates early promoters/genes. These studies also increased our understanding of the complexity of viral regulatory programs by identifying significantly active alternate promoters with distinct dependencies on viral DNA replication as well as biphasic promoters with embedded features of both early and late promoters. Genetic analyses identified an enhancer function for the viral lytic origin of replication (OriLyt) that acts on promoters throughout the virus genome. We found substantial viral read-through transcription that is predicted to cause transcriptional interference and fine tuning of the temporal regulation of viral promoters. Further, in some loci with same direction overlapping gene configurations, polyA read-through is necessary to facilitate transcription through the entire ORF while also giving rise to highly abundant viral lncRNAs due to the partial nature of read-through. Altogether, this study identified extreme viral transcriptome diversity, it resolved the major isoforms for nearly all lytic ORFs, and it identified novel regulatory modes driving and fine-tuning the temporal regulation of EBV lytic gene expression.
The rapid detection of a neonatal unit outbreak of a wild-type Klebsiella variicola using decentralized Oxford Nanopore sequencing
Authors: White Rhys Thomas , Balm Michelle , Burton Megan , Hutton Samantha , Jeram Jamaal , Kelly Matthew , Macartney-Coxson Donia , Sinha Tanya , Sushames Henrietta , Winter David John , Bloomfield Maxim George 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Klebsiella variicola has been implicated in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) outbreaks previously and can be misidentified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. An increased incidence of K. pneumoniae bacteremia on the NICU of our institution was notified to the infection prevention and control (IPC) team in May 2024. The four isolates involved displayed wild-type susceptibility, so had not been detected via multi-drug resistant organism surveillance. This triggered investigation with a nanopore-based decentralized whole genome sequencing (dWGS) system in operation at our laboratory.
Methods
Since early 2022 our hospital laboratory has been performing dWGS using the Oxford Nanopore MinION device. This allows for prospective genomic surveillance of certain hospital-associated organisms, but also rapid reactive investigation of possible outbreaks. Isolates are sequenced in the hospital laboratory and undergo multilocus sequence typing (MLST). If transmission events are suspected, sequence data are transferred to our reference laboratory, the Institute for Environmental Science and Research (ESR) for high-resolution bioinformatic analysis.
Results
Within 48 hours of notification isolates had been subcultured and sequenced. This showed that three of four isolates were in fact K. variicola, and two of these were sequence type (ST)6385. This sequence type had not been seen previously at our institution, so transmission was suspected. Environmental sampling revealed ST6385 K. variicola in two sink traps on the unit, and prospective sequencing of all K. pneumoniae isolates from NICU samples revealed two further infants with ST6385 K. variicola. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis at ESR using original sequence data showed tight clustering of these isolates, confirming an outbreak. Sink traps were disinfected, environmental cleaning procedures were updated, and a strict focus on hand hygiene was reinforced on the ward. No further isolates were detected, and the outbreak was closed after two months.
Conclusions
Access to dWGS at the level of the local hospital laboratory permitted rapid identification of an outbreak of an organism displaying no unusual antimicrobial resistance features at a point where there were only two known cases. This in turn facilitated a rapid IPC response.
An explorable model of an adverse outcome pathway of cytokine release syndrome related to the administration of immunomodulatory biotherapeutics and cellular therapies
Authors: Mazein Alexander , Lopata Oxana , Reiche Kristin , Sewald Katherina , Alb Miriam , Sakellariou Christina , Gogesch Patricia , Morgan Hannah , Neuhaus Vanessa , Pham Nhu-Nguyen , Sommer Charline , Perkins Ethan , Fogal Birgit , Shoaib Muhammad , Schneider Reinhard , Satagopam Venkata , Ostaszewski Marek 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

By combining immunotoxicology and systems biology approaches, we offer a novel conceptual model of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) as an adverse outcome (AO), induced by five different immunomodulatory biotherapies: 1) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, 2) checkpoint inhibitors, 3) T cell engaging bispecific modalities, 4) monoclonal antibodies targeting and activating T cell receptors, and 5) FcγR activating monoclonal antibodies. For that, we built an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) CRS network for these therapies and then developed a systems biology map of molecular mechanisms relevant to the AOP network. The map of mechanisms is made available via a dedicated online platform for exploration and data visualisation. It includes 24 cell types, 425 entities and 430 interactions. The map demonstrates stages of the CRS progression and shows molecules that can be measured in relevant immunotoxicological assays, as well as potential drug targets for therapeutic intervention of CRS.
High blue emission in impurified (Er-doped) SiOC films obtained by the HWCVD technique using SBA-15 and TEOS
Authors: Gómez William Salazar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

SiOC is widely investigated due to its different applications and uses and is currently being studied due to its ability to produce stable and intense photoluminescence. This work presents a study of the changes in the optical, morphological and compositional properties of SiOC:Er thin films obtained by the hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) technique using tetraorthosilicate (TEOS), erbium oxide and mesoporous silicon oxides (SBA-15) as new precursors. According to the FTIR absorption spectrum and EDS analysis of the films, all the films were composed of carbon, oxygen and silicon atoms. Moreover, in the photoluminescence spectrum, high emission in the blue region was observed, indicating the presence of Si-nc in the samples. We suggest that the distance between the erbium atoms and Si-nc in SiOC films is responsible for the high-intensity photoluminescence emission.
Myelomeningocele
Authors: Jhmane Mohammed Mamoun Al 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and aim: Spinal Meningoceles are a very common affliction in our country, and unfortunately most of the infections end in permanent disability and deformity, and a large portion of these children are lost due to meningitis resulting from these affliction, and here we ask the question?? Why are these afflictions common in our country while it has become rare in developed countries?
The percentage of spinal Meningoceles that visit the Children's Hospital and other health centers is still very common, so we must know what are the causes and factors that predispose to its occurrence, in order to reduce the rate of its occurrence and know the extent of its relationship to pregnancy, pregnancy conditions, kinship between parents, and folic acid intake in pregnant women.
Research materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on (120) cases during the year 2023-2024 in the Surgical Department in cooperation with the Neonatal Department at the University Children's Hospital, and surgical intervention was performed on them at the neonatal age, from all Syrian governorates.
Results: The study showed that this disease is common in our country, with females being the most affected, and the southern region being the most affected geographical area. More than half of the cases were not diagnosed during pregnancy, and the first pregnancy was the most likely to have a frequent occurrence of hydrocele. There was no direct kinship in more than half of the cases, and most of the cases were accompanied by paralysis of the lower limbs. Surgical intervention was performed during the first month of birth, and meningitis was the most common complication (33.3%), with a mortality rate of (22.5%).
Conclusion: It is necessary for pregnant women to take folic acid at a dose of 4-5 mg per day at least one month before pregnancy, and it is necessary for pregnant women to have regular checkups, especially those with risk factors and family history, take anticonvulsant medications, and perform early surgical intervention to repair the hydrocele to prevent the development of meningitis and death.
Relationship of smoking with respiratory complications in surgical patients
Authors: SHAKHASHERO SAMEER , Bardan Hussam Al 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of postoperative respiratory complications and smoking.
Methods and Materials: A retrospective study was conducted on 100 cases who underwent surgical procedures in the General Surgery Department between 2023 and 2024. The SPSS program was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The percentage of males was 49%, while females were 51%. The average age of the patients was 48.37 ± 16.67 years. Of the patients, 50% were smokers and 50% were non-smokers. The average number of packs consumed by smokers was 36.54 ± 38.12 packs/year. A total of 3 cases of complications occurred among smokers and 2 cases among non-smokers. The complications included oxygen desaturation, excessive sputum production, postoperative respiratory infection, pleural effusion, pulmonary embolism, cough, bronchospasm, and the average hospital stay duration after the complication was 3.1 ± 0.74 days.
Conclusion: A positive correlation was found between smoking and postoperative complications (P<0.05). Our results indicate that the amount of cigarettes consumed is associated with the rate of postoperative complications.
A SPIRITUAL STUDY OF SHREE KRISHNA'S RAASALEELAA (AMOROUS PLAY) ACCORDING TO THE SHREEMADBHAAGAVATA MAHAAPURAANA
Authors: Dr. Shreebas Debnath  
Published: October 2024

The playful and amorous love of the Lord Shree Krishna is described in the five sub- chapters between the 29th and the 33rd in the 10th chapter of the Shreemadbhaagavata Mahaapuraana composed by the great poet Vedavyasa. The purposes of this devine play, the adventures of the Gopis to the Raasamandala (the platform for the amoral play) from their houses, the conversation between Krishna and the Gopis, the reply of the Gopis, the dance performed by Krishna with the Gopis, the disappearance of Krishna, the pathos of Gopis due to the disappearance of Krishna, His reappearance and pacifying the Gopis, the question of the angry Gopis and Krishna's answer, appeasement and satisfaction of the Gopis, Mahaaraasa (the great play), the return of the Gopis to their houses etc. have been presented in this article according to the different types of sentiments and emotions.
A STUDY ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF COLLEGE TEACHERS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BONGAIGAON DISTRICT OF ASSAM
Authors: Dr. Subhadra Das Baro  
Published: October 2024

Teachers are the main key of any educational institution. They play a very important role in the development of human resources. A sound mental health is a pre requisite of teachers in every stage of education, without which no one can perform their duties and responsibilities properly. Higher education is considered as one of the important stages of education. The teachers of this stage have to play an important role for creating man power in different fields. At present the teachers of higher level are entrusted many extra duties and responsibilities apart from their academic duties. So, it is necessary to maintain their physical health as well as their mental health. A sound mental health of the college teacher will help to create sound mental health of the students. Both the mentally healthy teachers and students will be able to create a sound educational environment for proper development of the society as well as the nation. Therefore, the investigator has tried to make an effort to conduct the present study. The sample size of the study was 120 college teachers. The objectives are-1. To study the level of mental health of College Teachers. 2. To find out the difference between male teachers and female teachers in regard with mental health. The present study reveals that 28% teachers have very good mental health. It is also found that 49% teachers have average/good mental health. The present study reveals that 23% teachers have poor mental health. The present study also reveals that there is no significant difference between male and female college teachers in relation to mental health especially in Bongaigaon district.
AWARENESS ON MENTAL HEALTH AMONG THE STUDENTS OF HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL: A STUDY
Authors: Dr. Subhadra Das Baro  
Published: October 2024

In formal educational system the most important stage of education is the secondary stage. Especially the higher secondary stage can be considered as the gateway of building a better career in the life of any student. All students of this stage feel pressure in their study for securing good marks in the exam. Moreover they feel anxiety as well as stress because of preparing themselves for entrance exams. Apart from these there are so many students which use to face several problems, like- poverty, lack of transportation, gender disparity, parent’s illiteracy, natural calamities and superstitions and so on. So it is very difficult to adjust with these kind of situations along with their heavy pressure of study. Sometime the students of secondary level cannot cope up with such type of overloaded situations. Therefore it is very important to keep their mental health in a sound position so that they can tackle their problems and perform their duties properly. They should know about their mental health problems and they should be aware about the importance of mental health. Especially the students of secondary level need to know the various means of development of their mental health. The present study is aimed at creating awareness about the need and importance of mental health among the students. The objectives are-1. To study the problems of mental health of the students. 2. To study the awareness towards mental health among the students. 3. To study the difference between boy and girl students in mental health awareness.
EXPLANATION OF NULL RESULTS OF MICHELSON AND MORLEY EXPERIMENT BY CLASSICAL MECHANICS PART II
Authors: Dharam Vir Singh  
Published: October 2024

Interferometry is the branch of optics in which experiments are conducted on wave nature of light. The light waves are superimposed to generate interference fringes and measurements are made. In these experiments where diffraction and interference are observed, the wavefront of light plays a very important role. While interpreting the results of these experiments the role of wavefront is completely ignored resulting into wrong predictions. In such an experiment conducted by Michelson and Morley to measure the velocity of earth in space the role of wavefront was ignored. It has been established by the results of Fizeau experiment and other similar experiments that speed of light is constant and it is not effected by the motion of source of light and motion of medium in which it propagates. Which later on become the second postulate of special theory of relativity. In the present article null results of Michelson and Morley experiment is discussed in a very different way keeping in view constancy of speed of light, wavefront of light and Huygen's principle according to classical mechanics.