bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Positionality to Address Student Bias in Information Seeking
Authors: Weeks Thomas C. , Johnson Melissa E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWhile participating in the information search process, students are instructed to choose credible sources for their research. They often interpret this imperative as simply avoiding bias in the sources they choose. Unfortunately, students misunderstand bias and fail to recognize its significance in the scholarly conversation. One way librarians can help with this misunderstanding is by engaging with theoretical concepts such as positionality theory. Positionality theory offers librarians a way to examine bias's function in the research process in order to teach students about its complexity.While bias and positionality are concepts that have been explored in information literacy research, most research does not address them as related topics. This poster explores notions of bias, positionality theory, and strategies to employ that will help librarians use this theory to address student misunderstandings around questions of bias and credibility. This new understanding helps students determine their own positionality when approaching information searching.
Enhancing Keyword Extraction from Academic Articles Using Highlights
Authors: Yi Xiang , Xinyi Yan , Zhang Chengzhi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTKeywords facilitate rapid comprehension of academic papers for scholars, enhancing research efficiency. As some papers lack author‐assigned keywords, automated keyword extraction becomes crucial. Addressing the limited utilization of external paper information beyond titles and abstracts in prior studies, this research proposed leveraging the highlights section, which summarizes contributions and novelties, for unsupervised keyword extraction. We demonstrated performance improvements across three unsupervised keyword extraction models by integrating highlight information into abstracts. Further analysis indicates we can filter out irrelevant abstract sentences based on their semantic similarity to the highlights. Overall, this study pioneers the exploration of utilizing paper highlights for keyword extraction, simultaneously boosting unsupervised keyword extraction performance and providing insights for other abstract‐based text mining applications.
The Construction and Application of Evaluation Index System of Rural Public Digital Cultural Service Accessibility
Authors: Xu Lei , Wang Meng , Sun Honglei , Hua Yuwen 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis research takes the accessibility of rural public digital cultural services as the research object. Based on the accessibility framework and system evaluation theory, an evaluation index system is constructed through investigation and analysis. Firstly, through on‐site investigation and interviews, explore service accessibility factors and establish a feature factor model; Secondly, based on industry norms, an evaluation system was constructed that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary indicators, and was revised and validated through empirical analysis; Finally, the AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was applied to study the indicator system. The results indicate that the accessibility of public digital cultural services is good, but still needs to be improved, and improvement path suggestions are proposed from the aspects of resource supply, services, organization and management, etc. The research enriches the evaluation system of public cultural services and provide reference for the government to improve public digital cultural services.
Determining Trust in Information: Initial Literature Review
Authors: Zimmerman Tara , Allen Jeff 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPew Research Center's findings reveal a notable trend: U.S. adults under the age of thirty exhibit a level of trust in information on social media that is comparable to their trust in traditional news outlets (Liedke & Gottfriend, 2022). This is particularly significant given the growing concern over misinformation, with a staggering 95% of Americans acknowledging its prevalence in society (Seitz & Fingerhut, 2021). To explore the factors influencing individuals' trust in information, researchers conducted a preliminary review of the literature, focusing on information science. This preliminary review identified seven major themes (health, politics & business, information sources, social factors, age groups, education & language, and privacy & security) that will guide a more extensive systematic review in the future. These themes provide valuable insights into the complexities of trust in information and should serve as a foundation for further investigation. Insights derived from this preliminary review are invaluable for scholars and practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of information trust dynamics. By illuminating these complex factors, this research lays the groundwork for future studies and interventions aimed at enhancing information trust among the general public.
The Effects of Material‐Filled Voids on Detonation Wave Shape in Rubberized RDX Explosives
Authors: Lawrence Joseph R. , Koeblitz Austin D. , Montoya Gabriel A. , Srinidhi Pradyun , Son Steven F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe sensitivity of explosives is affected by inhomogeneities within the material. This is evident in the increased shock sensitivity of explosives with slightly lower densities resulting from an increased number of hotspots. The influence of hotspots on explosive initiation has been well studied; however, few studies have been conducted on the effect of intermediate‐sized voids (0.1–10 mm) on a propagating detonation wave. Cylindrical voids filled with air have been studied for diameters ranging from 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm for both 1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocane (HMX) and 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane (RDX)‐based rubberized explosives. Continuing the investigation into single cylindrical voids, this study examined the effects of 0.5 mm diameter voids filled with different inert cylindrical metals on the detonation wave shape for an RDX‐based rubberized explosive. The metals selected for experiments were 1066 aluminum, brass, copper, and tungsten. The propagation of the detonation wave was captured using a digital streak camera. Experimental results showed that the extent of detonation wave shaping was closely tied to the density differential between the bulk explosive and metal insert. Forty‐four different filler materials, including non‐metals, were simulated using a hydrodynamic code to further analyze material inclusion effects. The main factors hypothesized to be of interest were bulk sound speed, shock impedance, and filler material density. We found that the local detonation delay could be correlated fairly well to a ratio of bulk sound speed and density. Understanding the influence of material inclusions on detonation performance and wave shape allows for tailoring of detonations.
Does size matter? A single institution's comparison of Aquablation in prostates greater than or less than 150 mL
Authors: Ringler Renee , Gangwish David , Horning Paul , Kuperus Joshua , Palmateer Greg , Zwaans Bernadette M. M. , Hafron Jason , Peters Kenneth M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurgical management options for lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hypertension have remained limited in prostates of large volume. The advent of the Aquablation has created a potential minimally invasive option for treatment in prostates of all volumes. Thus, this study aims to evaluate outcomes and complications of Aquablation in clinical practice based on prostate volume.MethodsCollected variables included adverse events with Clavien‐Dindo classifications, transfusion rates, surgical retreatment rates, continued medication use postoperatively, and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) with Quality‐of‐Life indicator. Aquablations were stratified by preoperative prostate volume.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐four men were included in the study. The average postop decrease in IPSS was 10.28, with a 2.02 point decrease in Quality‐of‐Life at 1 year. Postop increase in peak urinary flow rate was 7.65 mL/s for an average of 16.44 mL/s. Hemoglobin drop average was 1.78 g/dL, but only 2.3% of patients required a transfusion. 12.9% of patients required surgical retreatment. Six months after Aquablation, 22.9% and 12.9% of patients continued taking Alpha‐blockers and Androgen receptor inhibitors, respectively. Adverse events occurred in 33 patients (19.0%). Eighteen patients were excluded from secondary analysis due to unrecorded prostate volume, leaving 123 with volumes <150 mL and 33 with volumes ≥150 mL. Groups were comparable with respect to length of stay, adverse events, blood transfusion, IPSS with Quality‐of‐Life indicator preoperative and postoperative, postop peak urinary flow, and postop alpha‐blocker use. Larger prostates had a higher rate of adverse events, retreatment, postop hemoglobin drop, and postop use of finasteride.ConclusionsAquablation is a viable treatment option for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Efficacy, safety, subjective outcomes, and adverse event rates were not impacted by prostate volume. However, size does matter as prostates ≥150 mL had higher surgical retreatment rates and postop finasteride use.
Impact of broader ecological and socio‐environmental components on Aedes mosquito population dynamics: a spatial–temporal longitudinal study
Authors: Wang Yifan , Wang Xin , Wang Zhuonan , Chen Zhou , Liu Nannan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe increasing spread of mosquito‐borne diseases is a significant problem globally, but mosquito management strategies are less efficient. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the population dynamics of Aedes mosquito is essential for improving mosquito management strategies. Constructing a model to understand Aedes mosquito development in response to environmental factors is crucial to addressing these challenges.RESULTSAn extensive data set on Aedes spp. mosquito populations was constructed, considering the environmental factors temperature, water vapor pressure, wind speed, daylength, and rainfall. This data set, compiled from mosquito collections over a period of four years across multiple locations in Alabama, USA, facilitated the prediction of mosquito dynamics. The random forest model was used to explain mosquito population changes in response to these factors. These findings indicated that temperature, daylength, and water vapor pressure had the most significant impacts on mosquito population dynamics. The model also allowed predictions of mosquito population changes over time and across different geographic regions, extending beyond Alabama to the southeastern USA.CONCLUSIONThis study provided valuable insights into the impacts of environmental factors on mosquito populations. This novel approach using machine learning and the random forest model will enable researchers to predict future mosquito populations and contribute to developing more‐effective strategies for mosquito management. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Is the GFR‐based scaling approach adequate for predicting pediatric renal clearance of drugs with passive tubular reabsorption? Insights from PBPK modeling
Authors: Li Sanwang , Ye Xuexin , Wang Qiushi , Cheng Zeneng , Liu Feiyan , Xie Feifan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEmpirical maturation models (e.g., Johnson and Rhodin models) for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are commonly used as scaling factors for predicting pediatric renal clearance, but their predictive performance for drugs featured with tubular reabsorption is poorly understood. This study investigated the adequacy of GFR‐based scaling models for predicting pediatric renal clearance in drugs with passive tubular reabsorption by comparing with a mechanistic kidney model (Mech‐KiM) that encompasses the physiological processes of glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, and reabsorption. The analysis utilized hypothetical drugs with varying fractions of tubular reabsorption (Freabs), alongside the model drug metronidazole, which has a Freabs of 96%. Our simulations showed that when Freabs is ≤70%, the discrepancies between the GFR‐based scaling methods and the Mech‐KiM model in predicting pediatric renal clearance were generally within a twofold range throughout childhood. However, for drugs with substantial tubular reabsorption (e.g., Freabs > 70%), discrepancies greater than twofold were observed between the GFR‐based scaling methods and the Mech‐KiM model in predicting renal clearance for young children. In neonates, the differences ranged from 5‐ to 10‐fold when the adult Freabs was 95%. Pediatric physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of metronidazole revealed that using a GFR‐based scaling method (Johnson model) significantly overestimated drug concentrations in children under 2 months, whereas utilizing the Mech‐KiM model for renal clearance predictions yielded estimates closely aligned with observed concentrations. Our study demonstrates that using GFR‐based scaling models to predict pediatric renal clearance might be inadequate for drugs with extensive passive tubular reabsorption (e.g., Freabs > 70%).
1‐Dehydro‐6‐Gingerdione Exerts Anticancer Effects on MDA‐MB‐231 Cells and in the Xenograft Mouse Model by Promoting the Ferroptosis Pathway
Authors: Tran Thi Hoa My , Dhandapani Sanjeevram , Abdus Samad , Kim Yeon‐Ju 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBreast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy among women, with millions of newly diagnosed cases emerging annually. Therefore, identifying novel pharmaceuticals for therapeutic purposes is imperative. Several natural compounds and their products have demonstrated potential in the treatment of cancer. This study examined the effects of the ginger derivative 1‐dehydro‐6‐gingerdione (1‐D‐6‐G) on BC and its mechanisms of action. MTT and colony formation assays were used to check the anticancer effect of 1‐D‐6‐G. Then the anticancer mechanism of 1‐D‐6‐G was predicted using proteomics analysis. The molecular pathway was verified by qRT‐PCR and immunobloting analysis. Additionally, the anticancer properties of 1‐D‐6‐G were investigated in vivo using xenograft mice model. Finally, an in silico study was conducted to examine the interaction of 1‐D‐6‐G and pathway‐related proteins. MTT and colony formation assay results indicated that 1‐D‐6‐G has potent cytotoxic properties against BC cells. Proteomic analysis revealed that the anticancer mechanism of 1‐D‐6‐G on MDA‐MB‐231 cells is associated with the ferroptosis signaling pathway. In addition, qRT‐PCR and immunoblotting analyses revealed that the cytotoxic effects of 1‐D‐6‐G on MDA‐MB‐231 cells were associated with ferroptosis signaling induction. Our in vivo results further confirmed the in vitro findings. The administration of 1‐D‐6‐G for 14 days exhibited anticancer properties in xenograft mice by stimulating the ferroptosis pathway without causing damage to essential organs such as the liver and kidneys. Additionally, in silico results confirmed the structural stability of the molecular interaction between 1‐D‐6‐G and ferroptosis target proteins. Our findings indicate that 1‐D‐6‐G has the potential to serve as a novel therapeutic agent for inhibiting BC progression by targeting the ferroptosis pathway.
Role of midtropospheric heating and surface forcing on monsoon intraseasonal transitions
Authors: Bhowmick Mansi , Jayakumar A. , Mohan T. S. , Anurose T. J. , Mohandas Saji , Menon Arathy , Prasad V. S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMonsoon intraseasonal transitions are intrinsically chaotic; hence, their predictability is limited. In the past the majority of studies were conducted solely keeping in account of dynamic prospective like boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation or Madden–Julian oscillation; however its thermodynamic aspect got limited attention. The current study looks at the internal thermodynamic mechanisms pertaining to monsoon intraseasonal transition using two independent sets of reanalysis data (European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis version 5 and Indian Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis), along with the observed cloud type from Met Office Integrated Data Archive System Land and Marine surface station data. A lead–lag composite analysis shows that the midtropospheric warming by diabatic heating is a thermal control to restrict the deepening of convective cloud (cumulonimbus) as the wet spell progresses. This midtroposhperic heating cuts off the formation of deep convective clouds and results in the formation of relatively shallow clouds, such as stratocumulus and stratus. On the other hand, surface forcing during dry spells humidifies the troposphere by detrainment from the shallow convection with the formation of cumulus and cumulus congestus clouds. This facilitates the preconditioning of the atmosphere for deep convection and results in the onset of wet spells by the formation of cumulonimbus clouds. The comprehensive approach used in this work may further help in identifying the limitation of the predictability in monsoon transition period from the numerical weather prediction models.
Medium‐range predictability of temperature extremes and biases in Rossby‐wave amplitude
Authors: Doensen Onno , Fragkoulidis Georgios , Magnusson Linus , Riemer Michael , Wirth Volkmar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the medium‐range predictability of warm and cold extremes in the Northern Hemisphere and the role that upper‐tropospheric circulation biases play in this regard. Deterministic ERA5 reforecasts for the period 1979–2019 are evaluated based on the ERA5 reanalysis of the respective period, thus providing a large sample for verification and bias identification. The predictability of temperature extremes at 850 hPa is assessed based on the Gilbert Skill Score and other metrics and is shown to exhibit regional and seasonal variations. Summer is generally characterized by lower forecast skill scores than winter for both warm and cold extremes. Moreover, cold extremes in summer have slightly lower skill scores than warm extremes, while the opposite is true in winter. Biases in the frequency of temperature extremes are, to some extent, consistent with biases in mean temperature and indicate an underestimation in the total amount of extremes for much of the hemisphere in summer. Associated with the latter, biases also emerge in the standard deviation of the daily temperature distribution, with the summer values being largely underestimated over most of the hemisphere. The role of upper‐tropospheric circulation in these biases is then assessed by verifying the representation of Rossby‐wave packet (RWP) properties. It is found that the amplitude of RWPs is systematically underestimated in most of the hemisphere in summer, while it is overestimated in many parts of the midlatitudes in winter. Overall, the results suggest that the underestimation of RWP amplitude in summer hinders the medium‐range predictability of temperature extremes in the explored retrospective and operational forecasts. Although operational European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecasts gradually improve between 2013 and 2022 in terms of the 850‐hPa temperature and 300‐hPa RWP amplitude absolute errors, the aforementioned summer biases remain qualitatively similar.
Ramucirumab‐induced ascites with endothelial growth factor receptor mutation‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer: Two case reports
Authors: Shiraha Keisuke , Tamura Tomoki , Koyanagi Taisaku , Umeno Takahiro , Nishii Kazuya , Kuyama Shoichi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRamucirumab (RAM) has been approved for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we report two cases of RAM‐induced ascites with epidermal growth factor receptor‐mutant NSCLC. Patient 1, a 72‐year‐old man, developed ascites 20 months after erlotinib (ERL) and RAM administration, which resolved after their discontinuation and performing paracentesis. Patient 2, an 83‐year‐old woman, developed ascites 9 months after ERL and RAM administration, which resolved after RAM discontinuation and furosemide administration. Ramucirumab administration can cause ascites due to increased hepatic sinusoidal pressure. Clinicians should be aware of RAM‐induced ascites in patients with NSCLC and should appropriately manage it.
Successful treatment of large hemoptysis and pseudoaneurysm of the pulmonary artery associated to oesophagomediastinal fistula with amphotericin B cholesterol sulfate complex: A case report
Authors: Chen Zhujun , He Jian , Huang Qin , Liang Peiqiang , Gong Liang , Pi Qiangzhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOesophagomediastinal fistula is uncommon. Oesophageal fistulas, may manifest as recurrent pneumonias. While pulmonary infections can lead to pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms (PAPs), particularly in fungal infections. PAPs pose a rupture risk, potentially causing life‐threatening hemoptysis. We report a unique case of a 45‐year‐old male who presented with sudden cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis. Bronchoscopy triggered massive hemoptysis, necessitating emergency embolization. Persistent hemoptysis prompted further imaging, revealing an aneurysmal dilation located next to the spine and infectious lesions, suggesting an oesophagomediastinal fistula. After initiating therapy with Amphotericin B Cholesterol Sulfate Complex and fistula closure, the patient's hemoptysis resolved, with imaging resolution of the PAP. Long‐term Voriconazole therapy ensured continued improvement. This case highlights the rarity and severity of such fistulas may be associated with fungal infections and PAPs, emphasizing the importance of prompt recognition, aggressive treatment for favourable outcomes.
Translations of climate change consequences at the local level: Climate change adaptation in Bergen and Stavanger municipalities in Norway
Authors: Morsut Claudia , Engen Ole Andreas , Neby Simon , Angell Elisabeth 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper uncovers a local‐level approach to the likely adverse effects of climate change through climate change policies, measures and practices concerning climate change adaptation. The study is sustained by the literature that addresses climate change through a securitization lens, which has identified security discourses on climate change in terms of threat or risk. To understand the origin of local discourse, we have adopted the concepts of translations and translation zones from security studies, allowing us to define encounters between different conceptual expressions of ways to handle threats and risks. In this paper, ‘translations’ mean negotiations of meanings between security, threat and risk, and ‘translation zones’ indicate where these negotiations take place. Discourses are studied in the two Norwegian municipalities of Bergen and Stavanger. Both experience similar consequences of climate change and are bound to follow national laws and regulations for developing adaptive responses. Despite these similarities, translations and translation zones unveil differences in the organisation of adaptation work. Risk discourses thus allow several possible translation pathways, and adaptation remains a distinctly local phenomenon despite commonalities in risk discourse and translation processes.