bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardioprotective effect of Salvianolic acid B on acute myocardial infarction by promoting autophagy and neovascularization and inhibiting apoptosis
Authors: Lin Chao , Liu Zhaoguo , Lu Ying , Yao Yuan , Zhang Yayun , Ma Zhi , Kuai Meiyu , Sun Xin , Sun Shuaijun , Jing Yi , Yu Lizhen , Li Yu , Zhang Qichun , Bian Huimin 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effect of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rats and its potential mechanisms.

Methods
The AMI model was established in rats to study the effect of Sal B on AMI. Haematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the pathological change in AMI rats. Immunofluorescence and TUNEL staining were used to detect autophagy and apoptosis of myocardial cells in hearts of AMI rats, respectively. Protein expression of apoptosis-related, autophagy-related and angiogenesis-related proteins were examined by Western blot.

Key findings
Sal B attenuated myocardial infarction significantly compared with that of the model group. Rats administered with Sal B showed higher inhibition rate of infarction and lower infarct size than those of the model group. Moreover, Sal B decreased the serum levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde, while increased such level of superoxide dismutase significantly compared with those of the model group. Sal B inhibited the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved PARP, while promoted the expression of Bcl-2, LC3-II, Beclin1 and VEGF.

Conclusions
Sal B has cardioprotective effect on AMI and Sal B may be a promising candidate for AMI treatment.
A protein complex supports the production of Spo0A‐P and plays additional roles for biofilms and the K‐state in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Dubnau Eugenie J. , Carabetta Valerie J. , Tanner Andrew W. , Miras Mathieu , Diethmaier Christine , Dubnau David 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBacillus subtilis can enter three developmental pathways to form spores, biofilms or K‐state cells. The K‐state confers competence for transformation and antibiotic tolerance. Transition into each of these states requires a stable protein complex formed by YlbF, YmcA and YaaT. We have reported that this complex acts in sporulation by accelerating the phosphorylation of the response regulator Spo0A. Phosphorelay acceleration was also predicted to explain their involvement in biofilm formation and the K‐state. This view has been challenged in the case of biofilms, by the suggestion that the three proteins act in association with the mRNA degradation protein RNaseY (Rny) to destabilize the sinR transcript. Here, we reaffirm the roles of the three proteins in supporting the phosphorylation of Spo0A for all three developmental pathways and show that in their absence sinR mRNA is not stabilized. We demonstrate that the three proteins also play unknown Spo0A‐P‐independent roles in the expression of biofilm matrix and in the production of ComK, the master transcription factor for competence. Finally, we show that domesticated strains of B. subtilis carry a mutation in sigH, which influences the expression kinetics of the early spore gene spoIIG, thereby increasing the penetrance of the ylbF, ymcA and yaaT sporulation phenotypes.
Obesogenic behaviours and depressive symptoms in children: a narrative literature review
Authors: Dennison Michelle , Sisson Susan B. , Morris Amanda 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis review examines peer‐reviewed, published articles exploring the role of obesogenic behaviours, including physical activity, screen time, and diet, and depressive symptoms, in 6‐ to 12‐year‐old children. Searches were conducted March–May 2014 and in August 2015 using PubMed, PsychInfo, and Embase. Eligible studies published between January 1990–August 2015 included 8‐ to 12‐year‐old children, any of the three previously identified obesogenic behaviours, and a measure of depressive symptoms. The search yielded 415 articles that were screened and assessed for eligibility; 21 were retained. Some studies included depression and a single obesogenic behaviour, while others included multiple obesogenic behaviours. Fifteen studies assessed physical activity, twelve assessed screen time, and five assessed dietary intake. Lower physical activity was associated with higher depression in 80% of studies. Higher screen time was associated with higher depression in all studies. Poor dietary intake was associated with higher depression in 60% of studies. Significant associations were found between depression and all three obesogenic behaviours. Stronger associations were found between depression and physical activity and screen time than between depression and dietary intake. This review broadens the understanding of the relationship between obesogenic behaviours and depression, and shows outcome consistency despite the lack of a consistent measurement technique. © 2016 World Obesity
Not a load of rubbish: simulated field trials in large‐scale containers
Authors: Hohmann M. , Stahl A. , Rudloff J. , Wittkop B. , Snowdon R. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAssessment of yield performance under fluctuating environmental conditions is a major aim of crop breeders. Unfortunately, results from controlled‐environment evaluations of complex agronomic traits rarely translate to field performance. A major cause is that crops grown over their complete lifecycle in a greenhouse or growth chamber are generally constricted in their root growth, which influences their response to important abiotic constraints like water or nutrient availability. To overcome this poor transferability, we established a plant growth system comprising large refuse containers (120 L ‘wheelie bins’) that allow detailed phenotyping of small field‐crop populations under semi‐controlled growth conditions. Diverse winter oilseed rape cultivars were grown at field densities throughout the crop lifecycle, in different experiments over 2 years, to compare seed yields from individual containers to plot yields from multi‐environment field trials. We found that we were able to predict yields in the field with high accuracy from container‐grown plants. The container system proved suitable for detailed studies of stress response physiology and performance in pre‐breeding populations. Investment in automated large‐container systems may help breeders improve field transferability of greenhouse experiments, enabling screening of pre‐breeding materials for abiotic stress response traits with a positive influence on yield.
Entamoeba histolytica induces human neutrophils to form NETs
Authors: Ventura‐Juarez J. , Campos‐Esparza MR. , Pacheco‐Yepez J. , López‐Blanco J. A , Adabache‐Ortíz A. , Silva‐Briano M. , Campos‐Rodríguez R. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryEntamoeba histolytica invades the intestine and other organs during the pathogenesis of amoebiasis. In the early stages, the host organism responds with an inflammatory infiltrate composed mostly of neutrophils. It has been reported that these immune cells, activated by E. histolytica, exert a protective role by releasing proteolytic enzymes and generating reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and antimicrobial peptides. It is now known that neutrophils also produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are able to damage and kill pathogens. Studies have shown that intracellular protozoan pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondi, Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania spp, induce neutrophils to release NETs and are damaged by them. However, the action of this mechanism has not been explored in relation to E. histolytica trophozoites. Through scanning electron, epifluorescence microscopy and viability assays, we show for first time that during in vitro interaction with E. histolytica trophozoites, human neutrophils released NETs that covered amoebas and reduced amoebic viability. These NETs presented histones, myeloperoxidase and decondensed chromatin. The results suggest that NETs participate in the elimination of the parasite.
The role of regulatory T cells during Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS infection in BALB/c mice
Authors: Pang W. , Sun X. , Feng H. , Wang J. , Cui L. , Cao Y. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAn inappropriate immune response to parasite infection is one of the primary drivers of malaria pathogenesis. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), an important subset of CD4+ T cells, can maintain self‐tolerance and prevent autoimmune diseases. However, there is little consensus about their role in malaria pathogenesis. In this study, we transiently depleted Tregs (CD25+ T cells) using an anti‐CD25 mAb (7D4 clone) at different time points following Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS infection in BALB/c mice and investigated the effect of depletion of Tregs in this model. In control mice, Tregs proliferated significantly and their suppressive function was enhanced after infection. IL‐10 was increased drastically during infection. Depletion of Tregs at various time points can lead to divergent outcomes. When Tregs were depleted prior to or during the early phase of infection, most mice survived and had a robust Th1 immune response. In contrast, when Tregs were depleted close to peak parasitemia, all mice died as a result of inflammation. Taken together, these data suggest that in P. c. chabaudi AS‐infected BALB/c mice, Tregs inhibit the Th1 response and macrophage activation, leading to increased parasite load; however, they also control inflammation‐mediated pathology by secreting high levels of IL‐10.
Validation of the ANOCOVA model for regional‐scale ECa to ECe calibration
Authors: Corwin D. L. , Lesch S. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTwo approaches have emerged as the preferred means for assessing salinity at regional scale: (i) vegetative indices from satellite imagery (e.g., MODIS enhanced vegetative index, NDVI) and (ii) analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA) calibration of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) to salinity. The later approach is most recent and least extensively validated. It is the objective of this study to provide extensive validation of the ANOCOVA approach. The validation comprised 77 fields in California's Coachella Valley, ranging from 1.25 to 30.0 ha in size with an average size of 12.8 ha. Mobile electromagnetic induction (EMI) equipment surveyed the fields obtaining geospatial measurements of ECa. Soil sample sites selected following ECa‐directed soil sampling protocols characterized the range and spatial variation in ECa across the field. From the data, a regional ANOCOVA model was developed. The regional ANOCOVA model successfully reduced cross‐validated, average log salinity prediction error (variance) estimate by more than 30% across the 77 fields and improved the depth‐averaged prediction accuracy in 58 of the 77 fields. The results show that the ANOCOVA modelling approach improves soil salinity predictions from EMI signal data in most of the surveys conducted, particularly fields where only a limited number of calibration sampling locations were available. The establishment of ANOCOVA models at each depth increment for a representative set of fields within a regional‐scale study area provides slope coefficients applicable to all future fields within the region, significantly reducing ground‐truth soil samples at future fields.
Detrital zircon geochronology in the Dora‐Maira and Zone Houillère: a record of sediment travel paths in the Carboniferous
Authors: Manzotti Paola , Ballèvre Michel , Poujol Marc 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the internal zone of the European Alps, late Carboniferous to Permian sediments have been detached from their basement (e.g. the Zone Houillère in the Briançonnais Zone). The Pinerolo Unit (Dora‐Maira Massif) is the deepest unit exposed in the stack of the Western Alps and is considered to be Carboniferous in age based on lithological considerations. Detrital zircon grains from the Pinerolo Unit and the Zone Houillère display similar age patterns, with the youngest and largest population being Carboniferous (340–330 Ma). The distribution of Carboniferous magmatism in the Alps and surrounding areas suggests that the detritus was transported from Maures‐Corsica and possibly from the Helvetic Zone into the Zone Houillère and the Pinerolo basin. Our results highlight the potential of detrital zircon geochronology for deciphering the sources of detrital material in meta‐sediments, even if they have been affected by metamorphic overprints.
Blood banks meet the paradox of Gabriel's Horn: what are the options to maintain supply as demand decreases?
Authors: Beckman N. , Yazer M. , Land K. , Chesneau S. , Caulfield J. 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYBlood services worldwide have observed a decline in the demand for red blood cells (RBC). Despite this general decline, the demand profile has changed significantly with the demand for O D negative RBCs being maintained; whereas B D positive and AB D positive
RBC demand has been reduced. In 2015, the blood type O D negative was seen in 6·3% of the combined first time donors among the five American Blood Centres involved in this study and 7·4% of first time Australian donors in 2014/2015, whereas O D negative distributions accounted for 10·5% of all red cell units issued by the American centres and 13·9% by the Australian centres. Inventory can therefore be of sufficient overall quantity but may not be adequate for the demand for units with specific blood types. Recruitment of new donors may need to become more targeted and/or financial or inventory control measures could also be required to ensure inventory matches demand. Blood Services will need to consider the available options in order to ensure that sufficiency of supply is secure and the donor panel is optimised to meet the new demand paradigm.
Parental migration and children's timely measles vaccination in rural China: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tang Xianyan , Geater Alan , McNeil Edward , Zhou Hongxia , Deng Qiuyun , Dong Aihu , Li Qiao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveWith the rapid economic development in China, millions of rural residents are migrating to the cities to gain employment, resulting in numerous left‐behind children (LBC). Simultaneously, outbreaks of measles continue to occur, yet the effect of parental migration on children's vaccination status is largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the association between parental migration and children's timely measles vaccination in rural China, after adjusting for family socio‐economic status (SES) indicators.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey using multistage sampling among children aged 18–54 months in rural Guangxi of China. Information on measles vaccination status was obtained from the child's vaccination certificate, and data on SES were collected by interviewing the child's primary guardian. Family SES and vaccination coverage were compared between LBC and non‐left‐behind children (NLBC) using weighted logistic regression, while the delay in vaccination was compared using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.ResultsOf the 1216 study children, 46% were LBC and 54% were NLBC. Compared to NLBC, the coverage of timely measles vaccination was significantly lower, and the median delay period was longer among LBC. After adjusting for SES indicators, LBC were significantly more likely to have an untimely vaccination for their first dose of measles vaccine than NLBC (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.02–1.75).ConclusionsDue to the negative effect of parental migration and family SES, LBC were more likely to encounter serious delays of measles vaccination in rural China. Optimising vaccination policies could facilitate timely vaccination among LBC in rural China.
Gene coexpression network analysis of oil biosynthesis in an interspecific backcross of oil palm
Authors: Guerin Chloé , Joët Thierry , Serret Julien , Lashermes Philippe , Vaissayre Virginie , Agbessi Mawussé D. T. , Beulé Thierry , Severac Dany , Amblard Philippe , Tregear James , Durand‐Gasselin Tristan , Morcillo Fabienne , Dussert Stéphane 
Published: May 2016

SummaryGlobal demand for vegetable oils is increasing at a dramatic rate, while our understanding of the regulation of oil biosynthesis in plants remains limited. To gain insights into the mechanisms that govern oil synthesis and fatty acid (FA) composition in the oil palm fruit, we used a multilevel approach combining gene coexpression analysis, quantification of allele‐specific expression and joint multivariate analysis of transcriptomic and lipid data, in an interspecific backcross population between the African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis, and the American oil palm, Elaeis oleifera, which display contrasting oil contents and FA compositions. The gene coexpression network produced revealed tight transcriptional coordination of fatty acid synthesis (FAS) in the plastid with sugar sensing, plastidial glycolysis, transient starch storage and carbon recapture pathways. It also revealed a concerted regulation, along with FAS, of both the transfer of nascent FA to the endoplasmic reticulum, where triacylglycerol assembly occurs, and of the production of glycerol‐3‐phosphate, which provides the backbone of triacylglycerols. Plastid biogenesis and auxin transport were the two other biological processes most tightly connected to FAS in the network. In addition to WRINKLED1, a transcription factor (TF) known to activate FAS genes, two novel TFs, termed NF‐YB‐1 and ZFP‐1, were found at the core of the FAS module. The saturated FA content of palm oil appeared to vary above all in relation to the level of transcripts of the gene coding for β‐ketoacyl‐acyl carrier protein synthase II. Our findings should facilitate the development of breeding and engineering strategies in this and other oil crops.
Evaluation of the global DNA methylation in canine mast cell tumour samples by immunostaining of 5‐methyl cytosine
Authors: Morimoto C. Y. , Tedardi M. V. , da Fonseca I. I. M. , Kimura K. C. , Sanches D. S. , Epiphanio T. F. , de Francisco Strefezzi R. , Dagli M. L. Z. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCutaneous mast cell tumours (MCT) are the most common skin tumour in dogs, and to our knowledge, there are no previous studies regarding the global methylation of these tumours. DNA hypomethylation and hypermethylation have been described in several tumours and both mechanisms can lead to carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the global DNA methylation in canine MCT. A total of 48 MCT samples were classified in grades 1, 2 and 3 or high‐grade or low‐grade. Monoclonal antibodies were used for the immunohistochemical detection of the 5‐methylcytosine. The immunostained nuclei were classified in strong, weak or negative pattern, and these were quantified in five distinct microscopic fields (40× objective) in each slide. The results showed that global DNA hypomethylation was predominant in grade 3, high‐grade, less differentiated MCT. These epigenetic changes in neoplastic mast cells warrant further detailed investigation aiming the establishment of tumour epigenetic therapies.
Differences in Oxygenation Kinetics Between the Dominant and Nondominant Flexor Digitorum Profundus in Rock Climbers
Authors: Giles David , Romero Vanesa España , Garrido Inmaculada , de la O Puerta Alejandro , Stone Keeron , Fryer Simon 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:To examine differences in oxygenation kinetics in the nondominant and dominant flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) of rock climbers.Methods:Participants were 28 sport climbers with a range of on-site abilities (6a+ to 8a French Sport). Using near-infrared spectroscopy, oxygenation kinetics of the FDP was assessed by calculating the time to half recovery (t1/2 recovery) of the tissue-saturation index (TSI) after 3–5 min of ischemia.Results:A 2-way mixed-model ANOVA found a nonsignificant interaction (P = .112) for TSI by sex. However, there was a significant main effect (P = .027) of handedness (dominant vs nondominant FDP). The dominant forearm recovered 13.6% faster (t1/2 recovery mean difference = 1.12 s, 95% CI 0.13–2.10 s) than the nondominant FDP. This was not affected by 6-mo on-site climbing ability or sex (P = .839, P = .683).Conclusions:Significant intraindividual differences in oxygenation kinetics of the FDP were found. Improvements in oxygenation kinetics in the FDP are likely due to the abilities of the muscle to deliver, perfuse, and consume oxygen. These enhancements may be due to structural adaptations in the microvasculature, such as an increase in capillary density and enhanced improvement in capillary filtration.
Detection of Carbapenemase Genes in Aquatic Environments in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: de Araujo Carlos Felipe Machado , Silva Dalton Marcondes , Carneiro Marcos Tavares , Ribeiro Sthefanie , Fontana-Maurell Marcela , Alvarez Patricia , Asensi Marise Dutra , Zahner Viviane , Carvalho-Assef Ana Paula D'Alincourt 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

This study reveals the presence of different carbapenemase genes (
bla
KPC
,
bla
NDM
,
bla
GES
, and
bla
OXA48-like
genes) detected directly from water samples and clonal dispersion (by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] and multilocus sequence typing [MLST]) of KPC-2-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
in two important urban aquatic matrixes from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, highlighting the role of aquatic environments as gene pools and the possibility of community spreading.
Anti-infective Activity of 2-Cyano-3-Acrylamide Inhibitors with Improved Drug-Like Properties against Two Intracellular Pathogens
Authors: Passalacqua Karla D. , Charbonneau Marie-Eve , Donato Nicholas J. , Showalter Hollis D. , Sun Duxin , Wen Bo , He Miao , Sun Hanshi , O'Riordan Mary X. D. , Wobus Christiane E. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Due to the rise of antibiotic resistance and the small number of effective antiviral drugs, new approaches for treating infectious diseases are urgently needed. Identifying targets for host-based therapies represents an emerging strategy for drug discovery. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a central mode of signaling in the eukaryotic cell and may be a promising target for therapies that bolster the host's ability to control infection. Deubiquitinase (DUB) enzymes are key regulators of the host inflammatory response, and we previously demonstrated that a selective DUB inhibitor and its derivative promote anti-infective activities in host cells. To find compounds with anti-infective efficacy but improved toxicity profiles, we tested a library of predominantly 2-cyano-3-acrylamide small-molecule DUB inhibitors for anti-infective activity in macrophages against two intracellular pathogens: murine norovirus (MNV) and
Listeria monocytogenes
. We identified compound C6, which inhibited DUB activity in human and murine cells and reduced intracellular replication of both pathogens with minimal toxicity in cell culture. Treatment with C6 did not significantly affect the ability of macrophages to internalize virus, suggesting that the anti-infective activity interferes with postentry stages of the MNV life cycle. Metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic assays showed that C6 has a half-life in mouse liver microsomes of ∼20 min and has a half-life of approximately 4 h in mice when administered intravenously. Our results provide a framework for targeting the host ubiquitin system in the development of host-based therapies for infectious disease. Compound C6 represents a promising tool with which to elucidate the role of DUBs in the macrophage response to infection.