bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional gray matter volume is associated with trait modesty: Evidence from voxel-based morphometry
Authors: Zheng Chuhua , Wu Qiong , Jin Yan , Wu Yanhong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractModesty when defined as a personality trait, is highly beneficial to interpersonal relationship, group performance, and mental health. However, the potential neural underpinnings of trait modesty remain poorly understood. In the current study, we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate the structural neural basis of trait modesty in Chinese college students. VBM results showed that higher trait modesty score was associated with lager regional gray matter volume in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left superior temporal gyrus/left temporal pole, and right posterior insular cortex. These results suggest that individual differences in trait modesty are linked to brain regions associated with self-evaluation, self-regulation, and social cognition. The results remained robust after controlling the confounding factor of global self-esteem, suggesting unique structural correlates of trait modesty. These findings provide evidence for the structural neural basis of individual differences in trait modesty.
The Changing Landscape of Vocal Needs in the Aging Baby Boomer
Authors: Hapner Edie R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAging is a natural part of the human condition and the voice is not spared changes with increasing age. There is a progressive decline in the respiratory, phonatory, and resonatory systems associated with aging as a result of sarcopenia, metabolic slowing, and changes to the neuromuscular system that begin earlier in life but accelerate at 60 years. Behavioral and surgical treatments offer people with age-related voice loss (presbyphonia) the opportunity for improved voice quality of life. Interest in these treatments has risen over the past 20 years with the arrival of the baby boom generation reaching 65 years and experiencing age-related changes to voice. Unlike their parents, many baby boomers are not able to retire at 65 years and are required to maintain and even improve their vocal endurance and vocal quality for occupational demands. This article will explore age-related changes to the body, specific to the vocal mechanism, and a summary of several treatments available to improve the voice in light of the changing needs of the baby boom generation as they get older.
Hybrid porous‐core microstructure terahertz fibre with ultra‐low bending loss and low effective material loss
Authors: Hasan Md. Rabiul , Akter Sanjida , Rana Sohel , Ali Sharafat 
Published: October 2017

A hybrid porous‐core microstructure optical fibre (MOF) is proposed and its guiding properties are characterised for efficient terahertz wave guiding. A numerical investigation using the finite element method showed that a hybrid‐core MOF consisted of a diamond‐shaped cell and the circular arrangement of air holes exhibited an extremely low‐bending loss of 5.24 × 10−13 cm−1 for a bending radius of 1 cm and an operating frequency of 1.0 THz. The proposed fibre also showed a low effective material loss of 0.08 cm−1 at an optimised core porosity of 52%. Moreover, single mode propagation, dispersion and fabrication feasibility of the proposed MOF are discussed. Due to the excellent guiding properties, this MOF can be potentially used in THz imaging, sensing and flexible communication applications.
Spontaneous flux concentrations from the negative effective magnetic pressure instability beneath a radiative stellar surface
Authors: Perri B. , Brandenburg A. 
Published: October 2017

Context. The formation of sunspots requires the concentration of magnetic flux near the surface. The negative effective magnetic pressure instability (NEMPI) might be a possible mechanism for accomplishing this, but it has mainly been studied in simple systems using an isothermal equation of state without a natural free surface.
Aims. We study NEMPI in a stratified Cartesian mean-field model where turbulence effects are parameterized. We use an ideal equation of state and include radiation transport, which establishes selfconsistently a free surface.
Methods. We use a Kramers-type opacity with adjustable exponents chosen such that the deeper layers are approximately isentropic. No convection is therefore possible in this model, allowing us to study NEMPI with radiation in isolation. We restrict ourselves to two-dimensional models. We use artificially enhanced mean-field coefficients to allow NEMPI to develop, thereby making it possible to study the reason why it is much harder to excite in the presence of radiation.
Results. NEMPI yields moderately strong magnetic flux concentrations a certain distance beneath the surface where the optical depth is unity. The instability is oscillatory and in the form of upward traveling waves. This seems to be a new effect that has not been found in earlier models without radiative transport. The horizontal wavelength is about ten times smaller than what has previously been found in more idealized isothermal models.
Conclusions. In our models, NEMPI saturates at field strengths too low to explain sunspots. Furthermore, the structures appear too narrow and too far beneath the surface to cause significant brightness variations at the radiative surface. We speculate that the failure to reproduce effects resembling sunspots may be related to the neglect of convection.
Laboratory measurements and astronomical search for cyanomethanimine
Authors: Melosso M. , Melli A. , Puzzarini C. , Codella C. , Spada L. , Dore L. , Degli Esposti C. , Lefloch B. , Bachiller R. , Ceccarelli C. , Cernicharo J. , Barone V. 
Published: October 2017

Context.C-cyanomethanimine (HNCHCN), existing in the twoZandEisomeric forms, is a key prebiotic molecule, but, so far, only theEisomer has been detected toward the massive star-forming region Sagittarius B2(N) using transitions in the radio wavelength domain.Aims.With the aim of detecting HNCHCN in Sun-like-star forming regions, the laboratory investigation of its rotational spectrum has been extended to the millimeter-/submillimeter-wave (mm-/submm-) spectral window in which several unbiased spectral surveys have been already carried out.Methods.High-resolution laboratory measurements of the rotational spectrum of C-cyanomethanimine were carried out in the 100–420 GHz range using a frequency-modulation absorption spectrometer. We then searched for the C-cyanomethanimine spectral features in the mm-wave range using the high-sensitivity and unbiased spectral surveys obtained with the IRAM 30-m antenna in the ASAI context, the earliest stages of star formation from starless to evolved Class I objects being sampled.Results.For both theZandEisomers, the spectroscopic work has led to an improved and extended knowledge of the spectroscopic parameters, thus providing accurate predictions of the rotational signatures up to ~700 GHz. So far, no C-cyanomethanimine emission has been detected toward the ASAI targets, and upper limits of the column density of ~1011–1012cm-2could only be derived. Consequently, the C-cyanomethanimine abundances have to be less than a few 10-10for starless and hot-corinos. A less stringent constraint, ≤10-9, is obtained for shocks sites.Conclusions.The combination of the upper limits of the abundances of C-cyanomethanimine together with accurate laboratory frequencies up to ~700 GHz poses the basis for future higher sensitivity searches around Sun-like-star forming regions. For compact (typically less than 1″) and chemically enriched sources such as hot-corinos, the use of interferometers as NOEMA and ALMA in their extended configurations are clearly needed.
The Clinician's Toolkit: Laboratory Tests in the Diagnosis of Childhood Tuberculosis Infection and Disease
Authors: Mandalakas Anna , Highsmith Heather 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSmear microscopy and culture—the mainstay of tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics for the past century—fail to diagnose the majority of childhood TB cases. Promising new tests are becoming rapidly available, but their utility in childhood TB fails to surpass the accuracy of an astute clinician. In this review, we detail conventional and newer tests available for the diagnosis of TB infection and TB disease and their use in children, as well as potential others in development.
Analysis on the Age Distribution of Sternum Fractures
Authors: Schmitt Sonja , Krinner Sebastian , Langenbach Andreas , Hennig Friedrich , Schulz-Drost Stefan 
Published: October 2017

Background Sternum fractures (SFs) are described as a rare entity of bony fractures. Various accident mechanisms may cause SF such as the direct impact of traffic accidents and also by indirect mechanisms within the framework of falls. Osteoporotic fractures also play an increasing role in SF, but no reliable data on the age distribution of SF in a representative collective have been published so far.
Material and Methods The age distribution of all inpatients treated with SF (S22.2) in Germany from 2005 to 2012 using diagnosis-related group-based routine data was evaluated. Various accident statistics are included in the interpretation of age peaks.
Results A total of 47,893 patients (24,960 as main diagnosis and 22,933 as secondary diagnosis) were included in the study. SF is a rarity in childhood, with a share of 1.83% before the age of 16 years, followed by a sudden increase in the frequency up to the age of 20 years. A decrease in the frequency is observed up to the age of 35 years before it increases again to the age of 75 years. Three age peaks can be observed at 18, 55, and 75 years. Those who are older than 65 years account for 43.3% of total SF.
Discussion and Conclusion The first age summit after the age of 16 years shows an identical course to the frequency of traffic accidents of this age group, as well as the decline to the fourth decade and the subsequent resurgence up to the fifth decade. After 65 years, the incidence of accidents increases, in particular, the risk of falling in elderly people. In the context of a weaker bone structure, low falls are a common course for fragility fractures. The present analysis of routines shows for the first time the age distribution of the SF taking into account all hospital cases of the observation period.
The Effect of Prior Term Birth on Risk of Recurrent Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Authors: Turitz Amy , Elovitz Michal , Levine Lisa , Purisch Stephanie 
Published: October 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prior term birth on recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) risk.
Study Design Retrospective cohort study of 211 women with prior sPTB, comparing women with and without prior term births. The primary outcome was recurrent sPTB <37 weeks. Analyses stratified by gestational age of prior sPTB and adjusted for confounders using multivariable logistic regression.
Results The overall sPTB rate was 33.7%, with no statistical difference between women with and without prior term births (28.9 vs. 37.7%, p = 0.2). Among women with prior second-trimester loss (16–236/7 weeks), those with a term birth had a decreased sPTB rate (15.4 vs. 43.2%, p = 0.02), which persisted after adjusting for age and 17-α hydroxyprogesterone caproate use. For women with prior sPTB ≥24 weeks, there was no difference in sPTB with and without prior term births (29.5 vs. 26.6%, p = 0.7). A term birth as the most recent delivery lowered, but did not eliminate, the sPTB risk (19.1 vs. 36.4%, p = 0.1).
Conclusion Prior term birth lowers the risk of recurrent sPTB for women with prior second-trimester loss, but not for women with prior sPTB ≥24 weeks. Women with prior preterm and term births should be counseled accordingly and all sPTB prevention strategies should be recommended.
Soft Tissue Coverage in Distal Lower Extremity Open Fractures: Comparison of Free Anterolateral Thigh and Free Latissimus Dorsi Flaps
Authors: Moullot Pierre , Gay André M. , Bertrand Baptiste , Legré Régis , Kerfant Nathalie , Casanova Dominique , Philandrianos Cécile 
Published: October 2017

Background When microsurgical transfers are required in posttraumatic lower limb reconstruction, surgeons must choose among many types of free flaps. Historically, surgeons have advocated muscular flaps for coverage of open lower extremity wounds, but fasciocutaneous free flaps are now often used with good results. This study aimed to compare the functional and aesthetic outcome of reconstruction by free muscular latissimus dorsi (LD) flap and free fasciocutaneous anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap used for soft tissue coverage of distal lower extremity open fractures.
Methods We performed a single-center, retrospective study of subjects with distal lower limb open fractures treated with LD flaps or ALT flaps between 2008 and 2014. Patients with limited follow-up or incomplete data were excluded from the analysis. Donor and recipient sites, early complications and long-term outcomes (functional and aesthetic) were studied and compared according to the type of flap.
Results A total of 47 patients were included: 27 patients in the LD flap group and 20 patients in the ALT flap group. No significant difference was found regarding early and late complications and long-term functional outcomes (bone healing, infectious bone complications, flap healing). As for aesthetic outcome and donor-site morbidity, reconstruction using the ALT free flap had significantly better results (p < 0.05).
Conclusions In posttraumatic lower limb injury, either LD or ALT free flaps can be used for wound coverage with comparable long-term functional outcomes. The ALT flap provides better cosmetic results than LD.
Comparing the Host Reaction to CorMatrix and Different Cardiac Patch Materials Implanted Subcutaneously in Growing Pigs
Authors: Poncelet Alain , Fervaille Caroline , Gianello Pierre , Mosala Nezhad Zahra 
Published: October 2017

Background Comparing the structural changes, and local host reactions to CorMatrix (CorMatrix Cardiovascular Inc., Roswell, Georgia, United States) and different biomaterials implanted subcutaneously in growing pig model.
Methods Four pigs harboring implanted patches of CorMatrix, Vascutek porcine pericardium (Vascutek; Scotland, United Kingdom), SJM bovine pericardium (St. Jude Medical, Inc., Minnesota, United States), and Gore-Tex (W. L. Gore & Associates GmbH, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States) were studied for 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The explants were examined histologically.
Results CorMatrix showed gradual and consistent patch resorption and subsiding inflammatory and fibrosis process. Full scaffold degradation and replacement by mild fibrosis and subcutaneous tissue were seen by 1 year. Xenopericardial patches remained intact, and the initially severe inflammatory and fibrotic reactions reduced gradually to moderate fibrosis and chronic inflammation. Gore-Tex showed foreign body reaction.
Conclusions Patches were biotolerated by pigs. Xenopericardial patches elicited encapsulating fibrosis and no remodeling. CorMatrix resorbs completely and degrades consistently without leaving residues. Lack of encapsulating fibrosis toward CorMatrix allows tissue ingrowth and matrix remodeling.
The Contribution of Surface Electromyographic Assessment for Defining the Stage of Peripheral Facial Paralysis: Flaccid or Sequelae Stage
Authors: Bernardes Daniele , Bento Ricardo , Goffi Gomez Maria 
Published: October 2017

Introduction Surface electromyographic activity may not be symmetric, even in subjects with no facial paralysis history.
Objective To evaluate the contribution of the index of electromyographic (IEMG) activity in the identification of the two extremes of the facial paralysis course.
Methods Thirty-four subjects with unilateral peripheral facial paralysis were selected. A control group was composed of volunteers without a history of facial paralysis. The electromyographic assessment of the facial muscle was performed by placing surface electrodes during movements of the forehead, eyes and lips using MIOTEC equipment, such as the MIOTOOL (Miotec, Porto Alegre, Brazil) software. The electromyographic activity was also recorded in other channels during the primary activity to identify the presence of synkinesis. The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Macintosh (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The IEMG activity was obtained from the division of the electromyographic activity root mean square (RMS) values on both sides.
Results There was a statistically significant difference among the groups in all the analyzed indexes. The ocular-oral synkinesis in all patients must be correctly identified (with 100% sensitivity and specificity) using an IEMG activity of 1.62 as a cutoff point. The oral-ocular synkinesis must be correctly identified (93.3% sensitivity and 95.9% specificity) using the IEMG activity of 1.79 as a cutoff point.
Conclusion The IEMG activity is below the normal scores in patients in the flaccid stage, whereas patients in the sequelae stage can either show normal values or values above or below the normal scores. The IEMG activity was shown to have high sensitivity and specificity in the identification of synkinesis.
Ceramic Total Knee Arthroplasty: Ready to Go?
Authors: Solarino G. , Piconi C. , De Santis V. , Piazzolla A. , Moretti B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a well-established surgical procedure in the late stages of knee osteoarthritis. Nevertheless, this procedure is associated with a percentage of unsatisfactory results and biomechanical failures, with aseptic loosening being the most common cause of revision. Beside these problems, cutaneous and systemic hypersensitivity reactions to metals have arisen as an increasing concern after joint arthroplasties, even if allergies against implant materials are still a quite rare and not well-known problem. Ceramic composites have been recently used in prosthetic components, showing minimum wear and excellent long-term results in total hip replacement, due to their high resistance to scratching and their better wettability with respect to cobalt–chromium alloy. Furthermore, the biologic response to debris generated from these bearings is less aggressive. Knee joint simulator tests and clinical results demonstrate promising results of TKAs with ceramic components that should led to benefit for the patients.
Dehydration as a Rare Cause of Pulmonary Artery Thrombosis in a 2-Week-Old Term Neonate
Authors: Rubinshtein Marina , Tirosh-Wagner Tal , Mishaly David , Kenet Gili , Paret Gideon , Kimhi Gal 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPulmonary arterial thrombosis is an extremely rare occurrence in the neonatal population. We describe a 2-week-old female neonate who presented in critical condition with severe cyanosis and dehydration and was found to have a large thrombus in the main branches of the pulmonary arteries. She was successfully treated with surgical embolectomy. Pulmonary arterial thrombosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of a dehydrated neonate presenting with severe cyanosis and evidence of pulmonary hypertension.
A prospective comparison of cold snare polypectomy using traditional or dedicated cold snares for the resection of small sessile colorectal polyps
Authors: Dwyer Jeremy , Tan Jonathan , Urquhart Paul , Secomb Robyn , Bunn Catherine , Reynolds John , La Nauze Richard , Kemp William , Roberts Stuart , Brown Gregor 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims The evidence for efficacy and safety of cold snare polypectomy is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the completeness of resection and safety of cold snare polypectomy, using either traditional or dedicated cold snares.
Patients and methods This was a prospective, non-randomized study performed at a single tertiary hospital. Adult patients with at least one colorectal polyp (size ≤ 10 mm) removed by cold snare were included. In the first phase, all patients had polyps removed by traditional snare without diathermy. In the second phase, all patients had polyps removed by dedicated cold snare. Complete endoscopic resection was determined from histological examination of quadrantic polypectomy margin biopsies. Immediate or delayed bleeding within 2 weeks was recorded.
Results In total, 181 patients with 299 eligible polyps (n = 93 (173 polyps) traditional snare group, n = 88 (126 polyps) dedicated cold snare group) were included. Patient demographics and procedure indications were similar between groups. Mean polyp size was 6 mm in both groups (P = 0.25). Complete polyp resection was 165 /173 (95.4 %; 95 %CI 90.5 – 97.6 %) in the traditional snare group and 124/126 (98.4 %; 95 %CI 93.7 – 99.6 %) in the dedicated cold snare group (P = 0.16). Serrated polyps, compared with adenomatous polyps, had a higher rate of incomplete resection (7 % vs. 2 %, P = 0.03). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of immediate bleeding (3 % vs. 1 %, P = 0.41) and there were no delayed hemorrhages or perforations.
Conclusions Cold snare polypectomy is effective and safe for the complete endoscopic resection of small (≤ 10 mm) colorectal polyps with either traditional or dedicated cold snares.
Personalisierte Therapie des Lungenkarzinoms – Stand und Herausforderungen
Authors: Riedel Richard , Wolf Jürgen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSo called „personalized therapy“ has revolutionized the care of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The discovery of more and more driver mutations in NSCLC has led to a molecular defined sub classification of lung cancer patients. For four driver mutations (EGFRmut, ALKtransl, ROS1transl, BRAF-V600mut) firstline approved drugs are available and became the treatment of choice. Further drugs are in clinical development or can be used as off-label treatment. The emergence of resistance under targeted therapy, the development of new drugs for further driver mutations and the broad implementation of molecular diagnostics for all lung cancer patients are future challenges.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided placement of plastic pigtail stents for the drainage of refractory malignant ascites
Authors: Romero-Castro Rafael , Jimenez-Garcia Victoria , Boceta-Osuna Jaime , Castilla-Guerra Luis , Pellicer-Bautista Francisco , Caunedo-Alvarez Angel , Herrerias-Gutierrez Juan , Romero-Gómez Manuel , Giovannini Marc 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEndoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage is now the treatment of choice in cases of pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis, especially in the absence of luminal bulging and in patients with portal hypertension. Malignant refractory ascites usually heralds a poor prognosis and substantially impairs the quality of life of patients because of the symptoms experienced and the need for repeated paracentesis. EUS-guided placement of lumen-apposing, fully covered, self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) has been reported for the drainage of malignant ascites. Herein, we present the results of EUS-guided placement of plastic pigtails stents for the drainage of refractory malignant ascites in three patients. The aim was to improve symptoms and minimize the possible drawbacks of large-caliber FCSEMS. In this preliminary experience, EUS-guided placement of plastic stents was feasible and avoided further paracentesis.
EUS-guided gallbladder drainage using a lumen-apposing self-expandable metal stent in patients with coagulopathy or anticoagulation therapy: a case series
Authors: Anderloni Andrea , Attili Fabia , Sferrazza Alessandro , Rimbaș Mihai , Costamagna Guido , Repici Alessandro , Larghi Alberto 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims We report our experience in endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage performed emergently in 4 prohibitive surgical risk patients with concurrent coagulopathy or on anticoagulant therapy using an electrocautery enhanced lumen apposing self expanding metal stent (LA-SEMS).