bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral Properties of Nonhomogenous Differential Equations with Spectral Parameter in the Boundary Condition
Authors: Karaman Özkan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this paper, using the boundary properties of the analytic functions we investigate the structure of the discrete spectrum of the boundary value problem

(0.1)

iy
1
'

+

q
1

(
x
)

y
2

−
λ

y
1

=

ϕ
1

(
x
)

−

iy
2
'

+

q
2

(
x
)

y
1

−
λ

y
2

=

ϕ
2

(
x
)

,

x
∈

R
+

$$\matrix{\hfill {iy_1^\prime + q_1 \left(x \right)y_2 - \lambda y_1 = \varphi _1 \left(x \right)\;\;} & \hfill {} \cr \hfill {- iy_2^\prime + q_2 \left(x \right)y_1 - \lambda y_2 = \varphi _2 \left(x \right),} & \hfill {x \in R_ + } \cr }$$

and the condition

(0.2)

(

a
1

λ
+

b
1

)

y
2

(

0
,
λ

)

−

(

a
2

λ
+

b
2

)

y
1

(

0
,
λ

)

=
0

$$\left({a_1 \lambda + b_1 } \right)y_2 \left({0,\lambda } \right) - \left({a_2 \lambda + b_2 } \right)y_1 \left({0,\lambda } \right) = 0$$

where q
1,
q
2, φ
1, φ
2 are complex valued functions, ak
≠ 0, bk
≠ 0, k = 1, 2 are complex constants and λ is a spectral parameter. In this article, we investigate the spectral singularities and eigenvalues of (0.1), (0.2) using the boundary uniqueness theorems of analytic functions. In particular, we prove that the boundary value problem (0.1), (0.2) has a finite number of spectral singularities and eigenvalues with finite multiplicities under the conditions,

sup
⁡

x
∈

R
+

[

|

ϕ
k

(
x
)

|

exp
⁡

(

ε

x
δ

)

]

<
∞
,

k
=
1.2

sup
⁡

x
∈

R
+

[

|

q
k

(
x
)

|

exp
⁡

(

ε

x
δ

)

]

<
∞
,

k
=
1.2

$$\matrix{{\mathop {\sup }\limits_{x \in R_ + } \left[ {\left| {\varphi _k \left(x \right)} \right|\exp \left({\varepsilon x^\delta } \right)} \right] < \infty ,\;\;\;k = 1.2} \hfill \cr {\mathop {\sup }\limits_{x \in R_ + } \left[ {\left| {q_k \left(x \right)} \right|\exp \left({\varepsilon x^\delta } \right)} \right] < \infty ,\;\;\;k = 1.2} \hfill \cr }$$

for some ε > 0,

1
2

<
δ
<
1

${1 \over 2} < \delta < 1$
Effects Of Direct And Indirect Solar Radiation Pressure In Orbital Parameters Of GPS Satelittes
Authors: Lupu Sergiu , Zaharescu Eugen 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this paper we determined the variation of the Keplerian orbital elements of a GPS satellite due to the direct and indirect action of solar radiation pressure. For this study, we created a soft program to determine the Keplerian elements. This soft uses the initial conditions of position and speed of a GPS satellite and solves the Laplace integration problem using Runge - Kutta algorithm of 4
th
order.
Development of a Risk Stratification Model for Delayed Inpatient Recovery of Physical Activities in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Elings Jordi , van der Sluis Geert , Goldbohm R. Alexandra , Galindo Garre Francisca , de Gast Arthur , Hoogeboom Thomas J. , van Meeteren Nico L.U. 
Published: January 2016

Study Design Prospective cohort design using data derived from usual care. Background It is important that patients are able to function independently as soon as possible after total hip replacement. However, the speed of regaining activities differs significantly. Objectives To develop a risk stratification model (RSM) to predict delayed inpatient recovery of physical activities in people who underwent total hip replacement surgery. Methods This study was performed in 2 routine orthopaedic settings: Diakonessenhuis Hospital (setting A) and Nij Smellinghe Hospital (setting B). Preoperative screening was performed for all consecutive patients. In-hospital recovery of activities was assessed with the Modified Iowa Level of Assistance Scale. Delayed inpatient recovery of activities was defined as greater than 5 days. The RSM, developed using logistic regression analysis and bootstrapping, was based on data from setting A (n = 154). External validation was performed on the data set from setting B (n = 271). Results Twenty-one percent of the patients in setting A had a delayed recovery of activities during their hospital stay. Multivariable logistic regression modeling yielded a preliminary RSM that included the following factors: male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2, 2.6), 70 or more years of age (OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 0.4, 3.4), body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or greater (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 0.7, 7.4), an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 (OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 0.3, 4.4), a Charnley score of B or C (OR = 6.1; 95% CI: 2.2, 17.4), and a timed up-and-go score of 12.5 seconds or greater (OR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.1, 9.0). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.90) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test score was 3.57 (P>.05). External validation yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.81). Conclusion We demonstrated that the risk for delayed recovery of activities during the hospital stay can be predicted by using preoperative data. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(3):135–143. Epub 26 Jan 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6124
The Immediate Effects of Different Types of Ankle Support Introduced 6 Weeks After Surgical Internal Fixation for Ankle Fracture on Gait and Pain: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Keene David J. , Willett Keith , Lamb Sarah E. 
Published: January 2016

Study Design Randomized 3-treatment, 3-period crossover trial. Background There is variation in clinical practice regarding the type of ankle support used to aid recovery after ankle fracture internal fixation surgery. Objective To determine the immediate effects of different ankle supports commonly issued to patients 6 weeks after surgery. Methods Participants were 18 adults, 6 weeks after internal fixation for transsyndesmotic/infrasyndesmotic fracture, in a major trauma center in the UK. Interventions were a stirrup brace and walker boot compared with Tubigrip. Outcomes were (1) step-length and single-limb support time asymmetry (percentage comparing injured and uninjured limbs), (2) step width, (3) gait velocity, and (4) pain during walking (visual analog scale, 0–100). Results Participants (mean ± SD age, 47 ± 14 years) included 8 women and 10 men, 6 weeks after surgical internal fixation for ankle fracture. Single-limb support time asymmetry reduced by 3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0%, 6%; P = .02) in the stirrup brace and by 5% (95% CI: 2%, 7%; P = .001) in the walker boot compared with Tubigrip. Step width was 1.2 cm (95% CI: 0.6, 1.7; P<.001) wider in the walker boot than in Tubigrip. Self-reported pain was lower in the walker boot (5/100) and in the stirrup brace (13/100) compared to the Tubigrip (18/100, P = .03). No significant differences were found in the effects of the supports on step-length asymmetry between the walker boot or stirrup brace and Tubigrip. Conclusion At 6 weeks after surgical internal fixation for ankle fracture, pain and single-limb support time asymmetry over a short distance and for a short-term walk were immediately reduced with the use of a walker boot use and, to a lesser extent, a stirrup-brace compared to Tubigrip. Step width also widened in a walker boot, which may confer some additional gait stability. These results apply to immediate effects, so studies with longer-term follow-up are now indicated. The trial was registered at http://www.isrctn.com/ (ISRCTN84536917). Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(3):157–167. Epub 26 Jan 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6212
The Effectiveness of Mechanical Traction Among Subgroups of Patients With Low Back Pain and Leg Pain: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Thackeray Anne , Fritz Julie M. , Childs John D. , Brennan Gerard P. 
Published: January 2016

Study Design Randomized clinical trial. Background The recommended initial management strategy for patients with low back pain and signs of nerve root compression is conservative treatment, but there is little evidence to guide the most appropriate management strategy. Preliminary research suggests that a treatment protocol of mechanical traction and extension-oriented exercises may be effective, particularly in a specific subgroup of patients. Objective To examine the effectiveness of mechanical traction in patients with lumbar nerve root compression and within a predefined subgroup. Methods One hundred twenty patients with low back pain with nerve root compression were recruited from physical therapy clinics. Using predefined subgrouping criteria, patients were stratified at baseline and randomized to receive an extension-oriented treatment approach with or without the addition of mechanical traction. During a 6-week period, patients received up to 12 treatment visits. Primary outcomes of pain and disability were collected at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year by assessors blinded to group allocation. Outcomes were examined using linear mixed-model analyses examining change over time by treatment and the interaction between treatment and subgrouping status. Results The mean ± SD age of participants was 41.1 ± 11.3 years, median duration of symptoms was 62 days, and 57% were male. No significant differences in disability or pain outcomes were noted between treatment groups at any time point, nor was any interaction found between subgroup status and treatment. Conclusion Patients with lumbar nerve root compression presenting for physical therapy can expect significant changes in disability and pain over a 6-week treatment period. There is no evidence that mechanical lumbar traction in combination with an extension-oriented treatment is superior to extension-oriented exercises alone in the management of these patients or within a predefined subgroup of patients. The study protocol was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00942227). Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(3):144–154. Epub 26 Jan 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6238
The protection of the sea as a cooperation area case in the Baltic Sea region
Authors: Melchiorre Tiziana 
Published: January 2016

This article investigates how the geopolitical interests of states in the Baltic Sea region have determined the emergence and the development of environmental cooperation around the Baltic Sea since the late 1970s. It is shown that the Nordic and the Baltic countries have played a key role in this process and that other actorsm such as the European Union and the United States, also influence environmental cooperation because their geopolitical interests contribute to shape the cooperative links in the region. The United Nations with its legislation and its policies reinforces cooperation in the field. It is also argued that the case of environment around the Baltic Sea is one of the rare successful attempts to establish closer links among states in a particular issue area during the Cold War in Europe. Spanish
Este artículo investiga cómo los intereses geopolíticos de los estados de la región del Mar Báltico han determinado la aparición y el desarrollo de la cooperación medioambiental en torno al Mar Báltico desde finales de la década de los setenta. El artículo muestra que tanto los países nórdicos como los países bálticos han jugado un papel clave en este proceso, así como otros actores, entre ellos la Unión Europea y los Estados Unidos, los cuales han influido también en esta cooperación ambiental debido a que sus intereses geopolíticos contribuyeron a dar forma a los vínculos de cooperación en la región. Las Naciones Unidas, a través de su legislación y sus políticas, refuerzan la cooperación en este campo. También se argumenta que el caso de la cooperación medioambiental en el Mar Báltico es uno de los pocos intentos exitosos para establecer relaciones más estrechas entre los estados en un área particular durante la Guerra Fría en Europa. French
L'article analyse la naissance et le développement de la coopération dans le domaine de l'environnement sous l'influence des intérêts géopolitiques des États dans la région de la Mer Baltique à partir des années 1970. Les pays nordiques et le pays baltes ont joué un rôle fondamental dans ce processus ainsi que l'UE et les États-Unis dont les intérêts géopolitiques contribuent à former la coopération régionale. Les Nations Unies renforcent la coopération dans ce domaine grâce à leur législation et à leurs politiques. Ce cas de coopération dans le domaine de l'environnement constitue une des rares tentatives réussies pour établir des liens étroits entre les États durant la période de la Guerre Froide en Europe.
Hepatoprotective effect of <i>Monotheca buxifolia</i> fruit against antitubercular drugs-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Khan Jamshaid Ali , Adhikari Achyut , Shahid Muhammad 
Published: January 2016

<p class="Abstract">The present study investigates the hepatoprotective potential of <em>Monotheca buxifolia</em> fruit hydro-ethanolic extract, against isoniazid- and rifampicin- induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Phytochemical investigations lead to the isolation of oleanolic acid and isoquercetin. Pretreatment with <em>M. buxifolia</em> extract at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg for 21 days, restored the isoniazid- and rifampicin-induced elevation of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (p&lt;0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p&lt;0.001 and p&lt;0.05), alkaline phosphatase (p&lt;0.001), billirubin (p&lt;0.001) and total proteins (p&lt;0.001) as well as afforded significant protection against histopathological changes in the liver. From these results, it is conceivable that <em>M. buxifolia</em> exhibited selective protective effect against isoniazid- and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity, mediated through the presence of oleanolic acid and isoquercetin.</p><p> </p>
FROM PLANETESIMALS TO PLANETS IN TURBULENT PROTOPLANETARY DISKS. I. ONSET OF RUNAWAY GROWTH
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Tanaka Hidekazu , Okuzumi Satoshi 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
When planetesimals grow via collisions in a turbulent disk, stirring through density fluctuation caused by turbulence effectively increases the relative velocities between planetesimals, which suppresses the onset of runaway growth. We investigate the onset of runaway growth in a turbulent disk through simulations that calculate the mass and velocity evolution of planetesimals. When planetesimals are small, the average relative velocity between planetesimals,

, is much greater than their surface escape velocity,

, so that runaway growth does not occur. As planetesimals become large via collisional growth,

approaches

. When

, runaway growth of the planetesimals occurs. During the oligarchic growth subsequent to runaway growth, a small number of planetary embryos produced via runaway growth become massive through collisions with planetesimals with radii of that at the onset of runaway growth,

. We analytically derive

as a function of the turbulent strength. Growing

embryos that are suitable to become the cores of Jupiter and Saturn requires

km, which is similar to the proposed fossil feature in the size distribution of main belt asteroids. In contrast, the formation of Mars as quickly as suggested from Hf-W isotope studies requires small planetesimals at the onset of runaway growth. Thus, the conditions required to form Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn and the size distribution of the main-belt asteroids indicate that the turbulence increased in amplitude relative to the sound speed with increasing distance from the young Sun.
ROTATION AND WINDS OF EXOPLANET HD 189733 b MEASURED WITH HIGH-DISPERSION TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Brogi M. , Kok R. J. de , Albrecht S. , Snellen I. A. G. , Birkby J. L. , Schwarz H. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Giant exoplanets orbiting very close to their parent star (hot Jupiters) are subject to tidal forces expected to synchronize their rotational and orbital periods on short timescales (tidal locking). However, spin rotation has never been measured directly for hot Jupiters. Furthermore, their atmospheres can show equatorial super-rotation via strong eastward jet streams, and/or high-altitude winds flowing from the day- to the night-side hemisphere. Planet rotation and atmospheric circulation broaden and distort the planet spectral lines to an extent that is detectable with measurements at high spectral resolution. We observed a transit of the hot Jupiter HD 189733 b around 2.3 μm and at a spectral resolution of R∼105 with CRIRES at the ESO Very Large Telescope. After correcting for the stellar absorption lines and their distortion during transit (the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect), we detect the absorption of carbon monoxide and water vapor in the planet transmission spectrum by cross-correlating with model spectra. The signal is maximized (7.6σ) for a planet rotational velocity of

km s−1, corresponding to a rotational period of

days. This is consistent with the planet orbital period of 2.2 days, and therefore with tidal locking. We find that the rotation of HD 189733 b is longer than 1 day (3σ). The data only marginally (1.5σ) prefer models with rotation versus models without rotation. We measure a small day- to night-side wind speed of

km s−1. Compared to the recent detection of sodium blueshifted by

km s−1, this likely implies a strong vertical wind shear between the pressures probed by near-infrared and optical transmission spectroscopy.
THE RUNAWAYS AND ISOLATED O-TYPE STAR SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF THE SMC (RIOTS4)*
Authors: Lamb J. B. , Oey M. S. , Segura-Cox D. M. , Graus A. S. , Kiminki D. C. , Golden-Marx J. B. , Parker J. Wm. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the Runaways and Isolated O-Type Star Spectroscopic Survey of the SMC (RIOTS4), a spatially complete survey of uniformly selected field OB stars that covers the entire star-forming body of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Using the IMACS (Inamori-Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph) multislit spectrograph and MIKE (Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle) echelle spectrograph on the Magellan telescopes, we obtained spectra of 374 early-type field stars that are at least 28 pc from any other OB candidates. We also obtained spectra of an additional 23 field stars in the SMC bar identified from slightly different photometric criteria. Here, we present the observational catalog of stars in the RIOTS4 survey, including spectral classifications and radial velocities. For three multi-slit fields covering 8% of our sample, we carried out monitoring observations over 9–16 epochs to study binarity, finding a spectroscopic, massive binary frequency of at least ∼60% in this subsample. Classical Oe/Be stars represent a large fraction of RIOTS4 (42%), occurring at much higher frequency than in the Galaxy, consistent with expectation at low metallicity. RIOTS4 confirmed a steep upper initial mass function in the field, apparently caused by the inability of the most massive stars to form in the smallest clusters. Our survey also yields evidence for in situ field OB star formation, and properties of field emission-line star populations, including sgB[e] stars and classical Oe/Be stars. We also discuss the radial velocity distribution and its relation to SMC kinematics and runaway stars. RIOTS4 presents a first quantitative characterization of field OB stars in an external galaxy, including the contributions of sparse, but normal, star formation; runaway stars; and candidate isolated star formation.
NEAR-INFRARED OBSERVATIONS OF SiO MASER-EMITTING ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH (AGB) STARS
Authors: Chibueze James O. , Miyahara Takeshi , Omodaka Toshihiro , Ohta Takashi , Fujii Takahiro , Tanaka Masuo , Motohara Kentaro , Makoto Miyoshi 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Near-infrared (NIR) monitoring observations of asymptotic giant branch stars exciting bright SiO masers have been made with the 1 m telescope of Kagoshima University. In order to investigate the properties of these stars and their envelopes, we combined our NIR photometric data with mid- and far-infrared flux data obtained by the IRAS satellite, SiO maser flux data provided by the Nobeyama Radio Observatory, visual magnitude data provided by the AAVSO, and the reported data on the expansion velocities of the circumstellar envelopes. The absolute magnitudes at the K-band and the distances are estimated using the period–luminosity relation of Mira variables determined by Feast et al. Then, mass-loss rates and isotropic luminosities of an SiO maser are estimated. The mass-loss rates range from approximately 10−8

to over 10−5

. We found that the NIR pulsation amplitudes are correlated with the pulsation periods and the observed wavelengths. We also found correlations of the isotropic luminosities of SiO masers with the mass-loss rates and absolute magnitudes at the K-band. These results will help us to understand the pumping mechanism of SiO masers. We measured, for the first time, the periods and/or NIR magnitudes of TX Cam, BW Cam, IRAS 06297+4045, IRAS 18387–0423, and RT Cep.
THE SFR–M* RELATION AND EMPIRICAL STAR FORMATION HISTORIES FROM ZFOURGE AT 0.5 < z < 4*
Authors: Tomczak Adam R. , Quadri Ryan F. , Tran Kim-Vy H. , Labbé Ivo , Straatman Caroline M. S. , Papovich Casey , Glazebrook Karl , Allen Rebecca , Brammer Gabreil B. , Cowley Michael , Dickinson Mark , Elbaz David , Inami Hanae , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Morrison Glenn E. , Nanayakkara Themiya , Persson S. Eric , Rees Glen A. , Salmon Brett , Schreiber Corentin , Spitler Lee R. , Whitaker Katherine E. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We explore star formation histories (SFHs) of galaxies based on the evolution of the star formation rate stellar mass relation (SFR–M
*). Using data from the FourStar Galaxy Evolution Survey (ZFOURGE) in combination with far-IR imaging from the Spitzer and Herschel observatories we measure the SFR–M
* relation at 0.5 < z < 4. Similar to recent works we find that the average infrared spectral energy distributions of galaxies are roughly consistent with a single infrared template across a broad range of redshifts and stellar masses, with evidence for only weak deviations. We find that the SFR–M
* relation is not consistent with a single power law of the form

at any redshift; it has a power law slope of α ∼ 1 at low masses, and becomes shallower above a turnover mass (M
0) that ranges from 109.5 to 1010.8
M
⊙, with evidence that M
0 increases with redshift. We compare our measurements to results from state-of-the-art cosmological simulations, and find general agreement in the slope of the SFR–M
* relation albeit with systematic offsets. We use the evolving SFR–M
* sequence to generate SFHs, finding that typical SFRs of individual galaxies rise at early times and decline after reaching a peak. This peak occurs earlier for more massive galaxies. We integrate these SFHs to generate mass growth histories and compare to the implied mass growth from the evolution of the stellar mass function (SMF). We find that these two estimates are in broad qualitative agreement, but that there is room for improvement at a more detailed level. At early times the SFHs suggest mass growth rates that are as much as 10× higher than inferred from the SMF. However, at later times the SFHs under-predict the inferred evolution, as is expected in the case of additional growth due to mergers.