bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overdamping of vibration resonances by liquid crystal elastomers
Authors: Elmadih Waiel , Terentjev Andrew , Liang Hsin-Ling , Terentjev Eugene 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis work aims to compare the capability of vibration attenuation by standard elastomeric polymers, and by the new anomalously damping nematic liquid crystal elastomer. We use the most mainstream materials in both categories, and design two testing platforms: the ASTM-standard constrained layer plate resonance geometry, and the attenuation of resonances in a commercial device (electric drill) where the damping polymers were inserted into the casing. In the standard plate resonance testing, we find that LCE outperforms all standard damping materials, moreover, it brings the vibrating plate into the overdamped condition, which is unique for a non-fluid dissipative system. In the attenuation of high-frequency vibrations of a device, we also found LCE dissipates these vibrations much better, although we did not find the optimal insertion configuration for the damping polymer, and did not reach overdamping.
Phenological response to climatic change depends on spring warming velocity
Authors: Guralnick Robert , Crimmins Theresa , Grady Erin , Campbell Lindsay 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClimatic change is dramatically altering phenology but generalities regarding tempo and mode of response remain limited. Here we present a general model framework incorporating spring temperature, velocity of spring warming, and species’ thermal requirements for predicting phenological response to warming. A key prediction of this framework is that species active earlier in the season and located in warmer regions where spring temperature velocity is lowest show strongest sensitivity to climatic change and greatest advancement in response to warming. We test this prediction using plant phenology datasets collected in the 1850s and 2010s. Our results strikingly confirm model predictions, showing that while temperature sensitivity is higher in regions with low temperature velocity, the greatest realized change in phenological onset is northern areas where warming rates have been fastest. Our framework offers enhanced utility for predicting phenological sensitivity and responsiveness in temperate regions and across multiple plant species and potentially other groups.
Human PC4 supports telomere stability and viability in cells utilizing the alternative lengthening of telomeres mechanism
Authors: Salgado Sara , Abreu Patricia L , Moleirinho Beatriz , Guedes Daniela S , Larcombe Lee , Azzalin Claus M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cancer cells with an activated Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) mechanism elongate telomeres via homology-directed repair. Sustained telomeric replication stress is an essential trigger of ALT activity; however, it can lead to cell death if not properly restricted. By analyzing publicly available data from genome-wide CRISPR KO screenings, we have identified the multifunctional protein PC4 as a novel factor essential for ALT cell viability. Depletion of PC4 results in rapid ALT cell death, while telomerase-positive cells show minimal effects. PC4 depletion induces replication stress and telomere fragility primarily in ALT cells, and increases ALT activity. PC4 binds to telomeric DNA in cells, and its binding can be enhanced by telomeric replication stress. Finally, a mutant PC4 with partly impaired single stranded DNA binding activity is capable to localize to telomeres and suppress ALT activity and telomeric replication stress. We propose that PC4 supports ALT cell viability, at least partly, by averting telomere dysfunction. Further studies of PC4 interactions at ALT telomeres may hold promise for innovative therapies to eradicate ALT cancers.
Deep quantification of substrate turnover defines protease subsite cooperativity
Authors: Gudipati Rajani Kanth , Gaidatzis Dimos , Seebacher Jan , Muehlhaeusser Sandra , Kempf Georg , Cavadini Simone , Hess Daniel , Soneson Charlotte , Großhans Helge 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSubstrate specificity determines protease functions in physiology and in clinical and biotechnological applications, yet quantitative cleavage information is often unavailable, biased, or limited to a small number of events. Here, we develop qPISA (quantitative Protease specificity Inference from Substrate Analysis) to study Dipeptidyl Peptidase Four (DPP4), a key regulator of blood glucose levels. We use mass spectrometry to quantify >40,000 peptides from a complex, commercially available peptide mixture. By analyzing changes in substrate levels quantitatively instead of focusing on qualitative product identification through a binary classifier, we can reveal cooperative interactions within DPP4’s active pocket and derive a sequence motif that predicts activity quantitatively. qPISA distinguishes DPP4 from the related C. elegans DPF-3 (a DPP8/9-orthologue), and we relate the differences to the structural features of the two enzymes. We demonstrate that qPISA can direct protein engineering efforts like the stabilization of GLP-1, a key DPP4 substrate used in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Thus, qPISA offers a versatile approach for profiling protease and especially exopeptidase specificity, facilitating insight into enzyme mechanisms and biotechnological and clinical applications.
Controlled Drug Analysis
Authors: Cole Michael D , Gautam Lata , Grela Agatha 
Published: October 2024

Development of new techniques and methods for analysis of controlled substances brings a different way of considering drug analysis which is articulated for the first time in this new text. In addition to a modern treatment of the widely known drugs (e.g. cannabis, heroin, cocaine, amphetamines, ring substituted amphetamines) and pharmaceuticals which are used as recreational drugs (e.g. barbiturates, benzodiazepines), the book will consider prominent drug classes that have not yet received systematic treatment in a textbook (for example synthetic cannabinoids, piperazines, cathinones, fentanyls). Aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate taught programmes, the book includes methods for drug analysis and comparison using physical, biologically based, comparative and numerical techniques. It will also serve as a reference point for research students and practising forensic scientists. It introduces statistical methods for drug sample comparison and the appropriateness of some of the statistical techniques for drug analysis and examines their use. It also considers newly developed analytical methods and significant legislative changes.
Aimed at academics delivering forensic science courses in particular, it could also be used by chemistry, biochemistry, criminalistics, criminology and law and policing students on MSc forensic science courses and postgraduate research candidates.
Pilot spoofing attack detection and channel estimation for secure massive MIMO
Authors: Liu Delong , Wang Wei , Huang Yang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPilot spoofing attack (PSA) is an active eavesdropping attack in massive multiple‐input multiple‐output systems, where the eavesdroppers transmit the same pilot sequence as the legitimate user does to the base station to confuse the normal channel estimation during the uplink channel training phase. With the contaminated channel estimations, more information will be leaked to eavesdroppers in the downlink transmission phase. However, it is a challenging issue to detect the PSA attack due to the similarity of the received signals and the variations of the wireless channels. Here, a new PSA detection scheme by using the difference of two different estimators is presented, that is, the least square estimator and the minimum mean square error estimator, without requiring any priori of eavesdroppers. Following that, a new data‐aided channel estimation scheme is proposed to eliminate the PSA effect. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed PSA detection scheme outperforms the conventional energy detector, and more accurate legitimate channel estimation and higher sum secrecy rates can be obtained with the proposed scheme.
Resilience‐oriented load restoration method for power‐gas‐water systems considering public safety impact
Authors: Wan Haiyang , Liu Wenxia , Zhang Shuai , Shi Qingxin , Cheng Rui , Feng Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFocusing solely on enhancing the resilience of power systems at a systemic level would lead to a significant underestimation of the actual impact of extreme disasters. Equally vital is the assurance of livelihood security amidst such extreme conditions, which is crucial for the development of a truly resilient power system. Hence, this paper attempts to incorporate quantifiable metrics assessing public safety impacts into resilience enhancement works, thereby guiding the precise allocation of funds. Considering that the residents' intuitive feelings are the most direct reflection of the severity of the disaster, this paper employs the modified prospect theory to formulate functions representing residents' psychological risk perception and risk‐taking willingness to tolerate risks during disruptions in power, gas, and water supplies. Meanwhile, in order to accurately calculate the energy loss duration for each residential customer, a resilience enhancement method for post‐disaster collaborative dispatch of electricity‐gas‐water systems is proposed. With the objective of minimizing the public safety and economic impact of disasters, the optimal multi‐source collaborative emergency restoration strategy is developed. The significant necessity and efficiency of the proposed strategy are verified with exhaustive case studies. Numerical results evince the resilience enhancement by considering the livelihood security in the post‐disaster restoration stage.
Investigation on surface tension of CaF2–CaO–SiO2 (–MgO–Al2O3) melts
Authors: Lao Yigui , Gao Yunming , Wang Qiang , Li Guangqiang 
Published: October 2024

In this work, the surface tension of CaF2–CaO–SiO2 melt with high CaF2 contents was measured by pulling cylinder method at 1773 K. The effects of CaF2 content, basicity, and the addition of MgO and Al2O3 on the surface tension were also investigated by considering the change in the melt structure. It was observed that as the CaF2 content increased from 30 to 80 mass%, there was no further depolymerizing effect on the silicate structure of the melt, maintaining a constant basicity of 1. However, the surface tension of the melts decreased from 397 to 325 mN/m due to the surface-active effect of CaF2. With the increase of basicity from 0.5 to 3, the surface tension of the melt initially increased from 342 mN/m to a maximum value of 390 mN/m, then decreased to 368 mN/m. The maximum value occurred at a basicity of 2. Furthermore, at constant basicity, the addition of MgO from 0 to 10 mass% led to a decrease in the surface tension of the melt decreased from 358 to 326 mN/m. Similarly, with the basicity ranging from 1 to 3, the addition of 10 mass% Al2O3 resulted in a decrease in the surface tension of the melt.
Exploring the intercultural potential of picturebooks in early secondary EFL classrooms in Austria
Authors: Peskoller Jasmin , Bader Caroline 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Intercultural education has constituted an interdisciplinary teaching principle in Austrian upper and lower
secondary curricula since 1992 and was reinforced by a decree in 2017. Literary texts have been identified as promising resources
and valuable tools for initiating intercultural learning through their frequently inherent multi-perspectivity encouraging
students to empathize with characters, consider different perspectives, contrast viewpoints, relate stories to personal
experiences, and reflect on diverse ideas. However, research on the implementation of intercultural teaching and learning using
literature in foreign language classrooms has so far mostly focused on upper secondary education and has frequently related to
using postcolonial fiction writings. To counter the knowledge gap on the implementation of intercultural learning in lower
educational levels, this study adopts a literary science approach to explore the potential of picturebooks in early secondary EFL
classrooms. Using The Little Green Jacket (Dee, 2020), it specifically
examines perspective-taking as a key dimension of intercultural learning. Through written learner reflections, the research study
assesses whether students in two Austrian EFL classrooms (n = 35) can adopt a different viewpoint. The findings
show that most students are successful, or at least partly successful, in perspective-taking and mostly describe emotions of
sadness but also hopefulness in their reflective writings. Thus, the study suggests that picturebooks have the potential to
facilitate perspective-taking as an essential dimension of intercultural education among young EFL learners with low language
proficiency, highlighting their largely untapped potential in early language education.
Exploitation of Biobased Co-Product Streams; Contributing to European Protein Demands Using Ethanol Plant Derived Co-Products
Authors: Williams Peter E.V. , Burton Emily 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Europe is short of high-quality protein for animal feed, being only 29% self-sufficient in high-quality protein and relies heavily on imported proteins. But consumer demand is shifting towards more sustainable, home-grown sources of plant-based protein. This presents a significant challenge for the animal feed industry. Establishing a new plant protein crop for Europe would take a decade to create elite, geographically adapted varieties, adopt new agronomic practices, and establish appropriate supply chains. Approximately 9 million tons of European non-GM grains (maize, wheat, barley and rye) are converted annually by fermentation into bioethanol, a renewable fuel. The residue of the grain is currently used as medium-quality protein animal feed (distillers dried grains and solubles (DDGS; approx. 30% crude protein). Mechanically processing to separate the protein from the fibre fraction produces a Super-Pro (>50%crude protein concentration). The process produces commercially viable quantities of high-quality, non-GM grain protein, that can be used as an alternative to imported soybean products, in a time frame significantly ahead of establishing alternative agronomies or developing alternative novel proteins. Processing technology can transform low-quality co-product steams into high-quality alternative animal feed products and merits further investigation as a means of producing sustainable animal feed. Re-engineering grain bioethanol plants into biorefineries allows them to produce a super high protein (>50% crude protein) feed material concurrently with bioethanol, a renewable fuel.

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© The Authors 2024
A study of self-similar vector fields in bianchi type III spacetime via Rif tree approach
Authors: Shakeel Mehnaz , Khan Jamshed , Rezapour Shahram , Akhtar Sumaira Saleem , Zahir Hina , Inc Mustafa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, we use the Rif tree approach to explore self-similar vector fields in Bianchi type III spacetime. This work adopt a computer-based method to transform symmetry equations into an involutive form that is simplified and divides the integration problem into multiple cases, each represented as a tree structure. In some cases, the metric functions are subject to particular constraints. These conditions allow one to solve the system of equations governing self-similar symmetries and provide explicit formulations for the metrics and their corresponding self-similar vector fields. This approach is novel in that it covers not only the analysis of the direct integration strategy but also some metrics that are practically relevant. For a detailed investigation of the created models, stability and physical importance are also considered.
A wideband circularly polarized four port microstrip MIMO antenna with high gain and enhanced isolation for 5G millimeter frequency applications
Authors: Elalaouy Ouafae , El Ghzaoui Mohammed , Das Sudipta , Jackson Beulah , Madhav BTP , Foshi Jaouad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this article, a MIMO antenna system featuring wide bandwidth, high gain, and circular polarization for 5G communication networks is presented. The proposed antenna enabled high data rates, enhanced signal reliability, and improved performance in dynamic and challenging 5G environments. Wide bandwidth ensures compatibility with various 5G frequency bands, while circular polarization allows for better signal propagation and reception, particularly in non-line-of-sight scenarios. In that regard, the present paper addresses an enhanced bandwidth 4-port circularly polarized MIMO antenna to encounter polarization mismatch along with high data rates. The suggested MIMO antenna comprises four identical patches strategically positioned in orthogonal orientations in such a way as to provide the circular polarization direction. Meanwhile, the bandwidth is extended by inserting straightforward defected ground structure (DGS) and L slots. The MIMO antenna offers an impedance bandwidth covering from 24 GHz to 28.8 GHz and an axial ratio bandwidth of 62% within the overall band. It demonstrates excellent performance with a high peak gain of approximately 14.84 dBi. Additionally, it exhibits strong isolation of more than 20 dB among the closely packed antennas, ensuring reliable communication and minimizing interference. The combination of these features in a MIMO antenna system is crucial for meeting the demanding requirements of 5G communication, including increased data capacity, low latency, and reliable connectivity. The simulated and measured outcomes exhibit robust concurrence, signifying a high level of accuracy. Consequently, the suggested MIMO antenna appears well-suited for the 5G bands designated for deployment in the USA (27.50–28.35 GHz) and Europe (24.25–27.5 GHz).
Odd-even mass differences of well and rigidly deformed nuclei in the rare earth region: Test of a newly proposed fit for average pairing matrix elements*
Authors: Hao T. V. Nhan , Nguyen N. N. Bao , Tam D. Quang , Quentin P. , Bonneau L. , Koh 辜 Meng-Hock 明福 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present an analysis of a recent approach for determining the average pairing matrix elements within a specified interval of single-particle (sp) states around the Fermi level, denoted as λ. This method, known as the uniform gap method (UGM), highlights the critical importance of the averaged sp level density

. The pairing matrix elements within the UGM approach are deduced from microscopically calculated values of

and gaps obtained from analytical formulae of a semi-classical nature. Two effects generally ignored in similar fits are addressed: (a) a correction for a systematic bias introduced by fitting pairing gaps corresponding to equilibrium deformation solutions, as discussed by Möller and Nix [Nucl. Phys. A 476, 1 (1992)], and (b) a correction for a systematic spurious enhancement of

for protons in the vicinity of λ, caused by the local Slater approximation commonly employed in treating Coulomb exchange terms (e.g., [Phys. Rev. C 84, 014310 (2011)]). This approach has demonstrated significant efficiency when applied to Hartree-Fock + Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) calculations (including the seniority force and self-consistent blocking for odd nuclei) of a large sample of well and rigidly deformed even-even rare-earth nuclei. The experimental moments of inertia for these nuclei were reproduced with an accuracy comparable to that achieved through direct fitting of the data [Phys. Rev. C 99, 064306 (2019)]. In this study, we extended the evaluation of our method to the reproduction of three-point odd-even mass differences centered on odd-N or odd-Z nuclei in the same region. The agreement with experimental data was found to be comparable to that obtained through direct fitting, as reported in [Phys. Rev. C 99, 064306 (2019)].
Anchoring temporal convolutional networks for epileptic seizure prediction
Authors: Rao Songhui , Liu Miaomiao , Huang Yin , Yang Hongye , Liang Jiarui , Lu Jiayu , Niu Yan , Wang Bin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. Accurate and timely prediction of epileptic seizures is crucial for empowering patients to mitigate their impact or prevent them altogether. Current studies predominantly focus on short-term seizure predictions, which causes the prediction time to be shorter than the onset of antiepileptic, thus failing to prevent seizures. However, longer epilepsy prediction faces the problem that as the preictal period lengthens, it increasingly resembles the interictal period, complicating differentiation. Approach. To address these issues, we employ the sample entropy method for feature extraction from electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Subsequently, we introduce the anchoring temporal convolutional networks (ATCN) model for longer-term, patient-specific epilepsy prediction. ATCN utilizes dilated causal convolutional networks to learn time-dependent features from previous data, capturing temporal causal correlations within and between samples. Additionally, the model also incorporates anchoring data to enhance the performance of epilepsy prediction further. Finally, we proposed a multilayer sliding window prediction algorithm for seizure alarms. Main results. Evaluation on the Freiburg intracranial EEG dataset shows our approach achieves 100% sensitivity, a false prediction rate (FPR) of 0.09 per hour, and an average prediction time (APT) of 98.92 min. Using the CHB-MIT scalp EEG dataset, we achieve 97.44% sensitivity, a FPR of 0.12 per hour, and an APT of 93.54 min. Significance. These results demonstrate that our approach is adequate for seizure prediction over a more extended prediction range on intracranial and scalp EEG datasets. The APT of our approach exceeds the typical onset time of antiepileptic. This approach is particularly beneficial for patients who need to take medication at regular intervals, as they may only need to take their medication when our method issues an alarm. This capability has the potential to prevent seizures, which will greatly improve patients’ quality of life.
Reconstruction of sound speed and absorption coefficient of soft biological tissues by ultrasound tomography
Authors: Zotov D I , Dmitriev K V , Rumyantseva O D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The problem of reconstructing the internal structure of an object under study with high resolution is considered. The structure is described by spatial distributions of sound speed and ultrasound absorption coefficient. These acoustic characteristics are reconstructed in the form of quantitative values. Such a problem set is typical for the inverse problems of tomographic type. Special algorithms for processing experimental data have been developed for this purpose. High resolution of reconstructed images is ensured thanks to multi-view information about the object under study and taking into account the processes of multiple scattering of acoustic waves.