bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of cellular or antibody-mediated rejection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients with BK polyomavirus replication—an international CERTAIN registry study
Authors: Fichtner Alexander , Schmidt Jeremy , Süsal Caner , Carraro Andrea , Oh Jun , Zirngibl Matthias , König Sabine , Guzzo Isabella , Weber Lutz T. , Awan Atif , Krupka Kai , Schnitzler Paul , Hirsch Hans H. , Tönshoff Burkhard , Höcker Britta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
In kidney transplant recipients (KTR), BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is a major cause of graft loss. To facilitate the clearance of BKPyV-DNAemia, reduction of immunosuppression is currently the treatment of choice but may increase the risk of graft rejection.

Methods
This international CERTAIN study was designed to determine the risk of alloimmune response and graft dysfunction associated with immunosuppression reduction for BKPyV treatment in 195 pediatric KTR.

Results
BKPyV-DNAemia was associated with a more than twofold increased risk of late T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) (HR 2.22, p = 0.024), of de novo donor-specific HLA antibodies (dnDSA) and/or antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) (HR 2.64, p = 0.002), and of graft function deterioration (HR 2.73, p = 0.001). Additional independent risk factors for dnDSA/ABMR development were a higher HLA mismatch (HR 2.72, p = 0.006) and re-transplantation (HR 6.40, p = 0.000). Other independent predictors of graft function deterioration were TCMR (HR 3.98, p = 0.003), higher donor age (HR 1.03, p = 0.020), and re-transplantation (HR 3.56, p = 0.013).

Conclusions
These data indicate that reduction of immunosuppression for BKPyV-DNAemia management is associated with increased alloimmune response in pediatric KTR. Therefore, regular dnDSA screening and close monitoring of graft function in case of BKPyV-DNAemia followed by subsequent reduction of immunosuppressive therapy are recommended.

Graphical sbstract
Bioactive surface modifications on dental implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis of osseointegration and longevity
Authors: Shayeb Maher AL , Elfadil Sittana , Abutayyem Huda , Shqaidef Abedalrahman , Marrapodi Maria Maddalena , Cicciù Marco , Minervini Giuseppe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Bioactive surface modifications have been proposed to enhance osseointegration and longevity of dental implants. This study aimed to systematically review and perform a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of various bioactive coatings in promoting bone integration and improving implant longevity.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted, including studies that investigated bioactive surface modifications on titanium dental implants. Outcomes of interest were bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and implant longevity over a 30-day period. Data were extracted and analyzed using RevMan 5 (version 5.4.1), with forest plots generated to represent the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) under a random effects model.

Results
The meta-analysis showed a significant improvement in BIC for surface-modified implants, with an overall MD of 7.29 (95% CI [2.94, 11.65]). Heterogeneity analysis indicated moderate heterogeneity (Tau² = 18.57, Chi² = 16.08, df = 8, P = 0.04, I² = 50%). The test for overall effect yielded Z = 3.28 (P = 0.001). For implant longevity, the overall MD was 7.52 (95% CI [3.18, 11.85]), with moderate heterogeneity (Tau² = 17.28, Chi² = 14.95, df = 8, P = 0.06, I² = 47%). The test for overall effect yielded Z = 3.40 (P = 0.0007).

Conclusion
Bioactive surface changes significantly improved osseointegration and lifespan of dental implants. Collagen-based coatings consistently encouraged early bone integration, while BMP-2 combinations were effective for osseointegration. Optimizing bioactive agent doses and combinations was critical for achieving desired outcomes.
Development and validation of the RQLQ: a Raynaud’s disease–specific measure of health-related quality of life
Authors: Fábián Balázs , Csiki Zoltán , Bugán Antal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction/objectives
The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Raynaud Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) for assessing health-related quality (HRQOL) of life in patients with Raynaud’s disease (RD).

Method
The questionnaire was developed and validated in three stages. Initially, semi-structured interviews with 28 RD patients identified domains of everyday life affected by RD, leading to the creation of the initial RQLQ. In the first quantitative stage, 101 patients completed the RQLQ, and exploratory factor analysis assessed dimensionality and factor structure. After removing poorly performing items, the final RQLQ was tested with 102 patients. This stage also evaluated convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity, as well as internal reliability.

Results
From the interviews, 135 items were generated, with factor analysis refining the measure to 29 items across five subscales, showing good internal consistency. The RQLQ demonstrated significant correlations with self-rated quality of life and physical and mental health outcomes, confirming convergent and divergent validity. It also showed discriminant validity for different levels of disease activity.

Conclusions
The RQLQ is the first specific HRQOL measure for RD patients, proving to be a psychometrically sound, reliable, and valid tool for clinical research and practice.

Key Points• The Raynaud Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) is an important scale that evaluates the quality of life of patients with Raynaud’s disease.• The questionnaire showed good validity and reliability a capturing disease-specific quality of life.• This tool may aid in clinical research and practice.
Photobiomodulation effects on neuronal transdifferentiation of immortalized adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Abrahamse Heidi , Crous Anine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) possess the ability to transform into various cell types, including neurons. It has been proposed that the optimization of this transformation can be achieved by using photobiomodulation (PBM). The objective of this laboratory-based investigation was to induce the transformation of immortalized ADMSCs (iADMSCs) into neurons with chemical triggers and then evaluate the supportive effects of PBM at two different wavelengths, 525 nm and 825 nm, each administered at a dose of 5 J/cm2, as well as the combined application of these wavelengths. The results revealed that the treated cells retained their stem cell characteristics, although the cells exposed to the green laser exhibited a reduction in the CD44 marker. Furthermore, early, and late neuronal markers were identified using flow cytometry analysis. The biochemical analysis included the assessment of cell morphology, viability, cell proliferation, potential cytotoxicity, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The findings of this study indicate that PBM does not harm the differentiation process and may even enhance it, but it necessitates a longer incubation period in the induction medium. These research findings contribute to the validation of stem cell technology for potential applications in in vivo, pre-clinical, and clinical research environments.
Development and application of explainable artificial intelligence using machine learning classification for long-term facial nerve function after vestibular schwannoma surgery
Authors: Przepiorka Lukasz , Kujawski Sławomir , Wójtowicz Katarzyna , Maj Edyta , Marchel Andrzej , Kunert Przemysław 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) represent the most common cerebellopontine angle tumors, posing a challenge in preserving facial nerve (FN) function during surgery. We employed the Extreme Gradient Boosting machine learning classifier to predict long-term FN outcomes (classified as House-Brackmann grades 1–2 for good outcomes and 3–6 for bad outcomes) after VS surgery.

Methods
In a retrospective analysis of 256 patients, comprehensive pre-, intra-, and post-operative factors were examined. We applied the machine learning (ML) classifier Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) for the following binary classification: long-term good and bad FN outcome after VS surgery To enhance the interpretability of our model, we utilized an explainable artificial intelligence approach.

Results
Short-term FN function (tau = 0.6) correlated with long-term FN function. The model exhibited an average accuracy of 0.83, a ROC AUC score of 0.91, and Matthew’s correlation coefficient score of 0.62. The most influential feature, identified through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), was short-term FN function. Conversely, large tumor volume and absence of preoperative auditory brainstem responses were associated with unfavorable outcomes.

Conclusions
We introduce an effective ML model for classifying long-term FN outcomes following VS surgery. Short-term FN function was identified as the key predictor of long-term function. This model’s excellent ability to differentiate bad and good outcomes makes it useful for evaluating patients and providing recommendations regarding FN dysfunction management.
DNA methylation drives hematopoietic stem cell aging phenotypes after proliferative stress
Authors: Yanai Hagai , McNeely Taylor , Ayyar Saipriya , Leone Michael , Zong Le , Park Bongsoo , Beerman Isabel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is implicated in various aging phenotypes, including immune dysfunction, anemia, and malignancies. The role of HSC proliferation in driving these aging phenotypes, particularly under stress conditions, remains unclear. Therefore, we induced forced replications of HSCs in vivo by a cyclical treatment with low-dose fluorouracil (5FU) and examined the impact on HSC aging. Our findings show that proliferative stress induces several aging phenotypes, including altered leukocyte counts, decreased lymphoid progenitors, accumulation of HSCs with high expression of Slamf1, and reduced reconstitution potential, without affecting stem cell self-renewal capacity. The divisional history of HSCs was imprinted in the DNA methylome, consistent with functional decline. Specifically, DNA methylation changes included global hypermethylation in non-coding regions and similar frequencies of hypo- and hyper-methylation at promoter regions, particularly affecting genes targeted by the PRC2 complex. Importantly, initial forced replication promoted DNA damage repair accumulated with age, but continuous proliferative stress led to the accumulation of double-strand breaks, independent of functional decline. Overall, our results suggest that HSC proliferation can drive some aging phenotypes primarily through epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation changes.
Evaluation of a combined chemical, electrochemical, and mechanochemical approach for metal extraction from contaminated dredged sediments: preliminary studies
Authors: Llorente Irene , Ruiz-Fernandez Jorge , Nevshupa Roman , Castellote Marta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates the efficacy of a combination of chemical, electrical, and mechanical methods for extracting specific metal contaminants from marine dredged sediment.

Materials and methods
Samples of muddy contaminated sediment from a Spanish harbor were characterized, including the mode of occurrence of heavy metals, using sequential chemical extraction. Desorption tests were conducted using the sediment in its fresh state, in a custom-built cell/reactor filled with an electrolyte—either a solution of 0.25 M citric or acetic acid, or deionized water. Electrical current, ultrasonic energy, and circulating flow were applied in various combinations, and the efficacy of such combinations on the metal desorption was evaluated. After the experiments, the solutions were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) were performed on the sediment.

Results
The sequencial extraction revealed that most metals (excluding Hg, Pb and Zn) were primarily bound to the residual fraction (fraction V), with As and Cu exhibiting the highest concentrations. Cadmium and mercury were preferentially extracted in fraction IV, associated with organic matter. Pb and Zn exhibited their highest percentages in fraction III, bound to Fe–Mn oxides. Regarding desorption, the results indicated that increasing treatment time enhanced metal desorption, with the most significant effect observed during the initial stages. The electrolyte used emerged as the most influential factor. Citric acid proved more effective for As, Cr, and Ni, while acetic acid favored Cu, Pb, and Zn extraction. As, Pb, and Zn exhibited preferential desorption in the presence of ultrasounds, while Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn desorbed more readily under electrical current. Application of electrolyte circulation had a positive effect on the extraction of all metals.

Conclusions
Changes in the electrolyte's chemical composition are the most significant factor influencing metal desorption. In addition to the electrolyte used, the application of some form of energy had a slight positive effect on metal desorption. However, at this stage it seemed that the synergistic effect of both electric field and ultrasounds appears to be only relevant for Cu. Electrolyte circulation had a positive impact on metal desorption for all metals tested. The concentration of recalcitrant and refractory organic matter decreased after all the tests, indicating its degradation into more labile matter.
Sex influences whether hippocampal volumes mediate the relationship between depression and cognition in older adults without dementia: A UK Biobank study
Authors: Ortega Nancy E. , Aslanyan Vahan , Pa Judy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Depression is a modifiable risk factor for dementia; however, it remains unclear whether there are sex differences in how depression affects dementia risk. To better understand sex-specific differences in how depression confers risk of dementia, the link between depression, hippocampal volumes, and cognition was evaluated in a sample of older adults without dementia from the UK Biobank cohort. A total of 18,220 participants (women n = 9,474; men n = 8,746) were selected based on completion of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), structural MRI, and cognitive assessments. Causal mediation analyses were used to evaluate if the relationship between depression and cognition is mediated by the hippocampus differently by sex. Women reported greater depression severity than men. Hippocampal volumes were found to mediate the relationship between depression severity and fluid intelligence only in women. Upon categorization of the depression symptoms as either cognitive/affective or somatic, the mediation effect of the hippocampus was seen for both cognitive/affective and somatic symptom severity in women for fluid intelligence. These results offer insight into the sex-specific pathways underlying the relationship between depression, hippocampal volumes, and cognition in older adults without dementia with a focus on the type of depression symptoms. This knowledge could aid in the development of sex-focused dementia prevention strategies and treatments.
Hochauflösende Bildgebung von komplexen Infektionsprozessen
Authors: Franzkoch Rico , Breitsprecher Leonhard , Kurre Rainer , Psathaki Olympia E. , Hensel Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
State-of-the-art light and electron microscopy and correlative approaches have shed light on host-pathogen interactions of various infection diseases. Today, a wide range of methods are available, including non-invasive fluorescence-based live-cell imaging approaches, as well as high-resolution 3D (cryo-)transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Here, we present strategies to investigate host-pathogen interactions with highest spatiotemporal resolution using Salmonella enterica as an example.
Reversible Fluoreszenzmarkierung in lebenden Zellen
Authors: Holtmannspötter Michael , Kurre Rainer , Piehler Jacob 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of biological processes, largely spurred by the discovery of genetically encoded fluorescent tags. However, modern high and super-resolution microscopy techniques are limited by the finite photon budget of available fluorophores. We have devised reversible enzymatic labeling to enable continuous exchange of bleached fluorophores, which opens particularly exciting possibilities for single molecule and correlated fluorescence microscopy in live cells.
The role of lipid biosynthesis machinery in cellular membrane adaptation
Authors: Exterkate Marten 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cells need to adapt their membranes to environmental changes. In this process the specific lipid composition of the membrane is of importance. The lipid biosynthesis machinery has direct influence on the membrane lipid content by 1) producing newly synthesized lipids, 2) remodeling already existing lipids, such as various cardiolipins. The interactions between components of the lipid biosynthesis machinery are crucial to obtain a specific lipid composition, but the interplay is largely unknown.
Der Digitalisierungsdiskurs in der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Eckl Markus , Ghanem Christian 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungThemen der Digitalisierung nehmen in der Praxis und Wissenschaft der Sozialen Arbeit einen immer wichtigeren Stellenwert ein. Auch wird immer wieder über die Spezifika des wissenschaftlichen Digitalisierungsdiskurses gesprochen und publiziert, wobei bisher eine empirische Analyse aussteht. Um die bisherigen Erkenntnisse und Annahmen empirisch zu fundieren, wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit eine quantitative Textanalyse angewendet, um 21.242 Rezensionen aus der Sozialen Arbeit automatisiert zu analysieren. Dabei zeigen sich zwei unterschiedliche Diskursstränge. Die Entwicklung der Thematisierung von Medienpädagogik zeigt einen tendenziellen Rückgang seit dem Jahr 2000. Themen der Digitalisierung hingegen nehmen stetig zu, wobei ein exponentieller Zuwachs seit 2016 zu beobachten ist. In einem zweiten Schritt werden die, dadurch identifizierten, einschlägigen Rezensionen näher analysiert, wodurch unterschiedliche Spezialdiskurse auf der Mikro- (Digitalität und Hilfe), Meso- (Digitalität und Organisation) und Makroebene (Digitalität und Gesellschaft) sichtbar werden. Anhand der Analyse wird eine grundlegende Einführung in die quantitative Textanalyse (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) gegeben sowie deren Potenzial und Grenzen für die Soziale Arbeit diskutiert.
Marginal Mandibulectomy in Oral Cavity Cancers — Classification and Indications
Authors: Nair Sudhir , Singhavi Hitesh R. , Mestry Vidula , Shetty Rathan , Joshi Poonam , Chaturvedi Pankaj 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma of the lip and oral cavity (OSCC) is a significant global health issue, particularly in low-income countries, with an estimated 390,000 cases detected annually. Although surgery remains the primary treatment option, complex resections are frequently required to attain clear margins. Traditionally, a part of the jaw bone close to the tumour is resected (segmental mandibulectomy) during the surgery. However, marginal mandibulectomy (MM), involving the resection of the mandibular rim while preserving its continuity, offers a less debilitating alternative to segmental mandibulectomy (SM) in selected cases. This review examines marginal mandibulectomy’s oncological safety and efficacy and its current role in managing oral cavity cancers, as indicated by the most recent literature. MM is an effective treatment for tumours, which abut the mandible without bone invasion and provides comparable oncological outcomes to SM, with fewer functional and cosmetic deficits. The authors also propose a classification based on the plane of resection and location within the mandible. We believe this classification will be helpful in reporting the MM series done in various centres in a uniform fashion. However, there is a need for precise surgical planning before doing an MM for obtaining the optimal results.
Ravens and Strawberries: Remarks on Hempel’s and Ramsey’s Accounts of laws and scientific explanation
Authors: Sisti Caterina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHempel never met Ramsey, but he knew his work. In his 1958 The Theoretician’s Dilemma: a study in the logic of theory construction, Hempel introduces the term Ramsey sentence, referring to Ramsey’s attempt in Theories to get rid of theoretical terms in formal accounts of scientific theories. In this paper, I draw the attention to another connection between Ramsey’s and Hempel’s works. Hempel’s Deductive-Nomological (DN) account of scientific explanation resembles very closely Ramsey’s account of a certain type of conditional sentences. In the first part of the paper, by introducing a fictional story, I highlight the similarities and differences between the two. In the last part of the paper, I claim that the most relevant difference between Ramsey and Hempel can be used to offer original solutions to Hempel’s Raven Paradox. Two possibilities are presented, arguing that the second, which requires a reconsideration of the formalisation of laws, is the most promising.
Ethnic-Specific Threshold Analysis and BMI and Waist Circumference Cutoffs for Cardiovascular Disease and Subjective Wellbeing: Results using Data from the UK Biobank
Authors: Patel Mubarak , Buchya Mohammed Aadil , Uthman Olalekan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
We aimed to identify ethnicity-specific BMI and waist circumference cutoffs for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to define optimal thresholds for CVD risk and subjective wellbeing (SWB) through predictive modelling, to inform precise public health initiatives.

Methods
We used data from 296,767 UK Biobank participants and adjusted logistic and linear regression models for CVD and SWB, respectively, complemented by receiver operating characteristic analysis, to explore optimal risk thresholds of CVD in six different ethnic groups and to calculate ethnicity-specific cutoffs of BMI and waist circumference (WC) to further elucidate the relationships between demographic factors and cardiovascular risk among diverse populations.

Results
The logistic regression model of CVD revealed moderate discriminative ability (AUROC ~ 64–65%) across ethnicities for CVD status, with sensitivity and specificity values indicating the model’s predictive accuracy. For SWB, the model demonstrated moderate performance with an AUROC of 63%, supported by significant variables that included age, BMI, WC, physical activity, and alcohol intake. Adjusted-incidence rates of CVD revealed the evidence ethnic-specific CVD risk profiles with Whites, South Asians and Blacks demonstrating higher predicted CVD events compared to East Asians, mixed and other ethnic groups.

Conclusion
Alterations of ethnicity-specific BMI and waist circumference are required to ensure ethnic minorities are provided with proper mitigation of cardiovascular risk, addressing the disparities observed in CVD prevalence and outcomes across diverse populations. This tailored approach to risk assessment can facilitate early detection, intervention and management of CVD, ultimately improving health outcomes and promoting health equity. The moderate accuracy of predictive models underscores the need for further research to identify additional variables that may enhance predictive accuracy and refine risk assessment strategies.