bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of macronutrient contents in human milk measured using mid‐infrared human milk analyser in a field study vs. chemical reference methods
Authors: Zhu Mei , Yang Zhenyu , Ren Yiping , Duan Yifan , Gao Huiyu , Liu Biao , Ye Wenhui , Wang Jie , Yin Shian 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMacronutrient contents in human milk are the common basis for estimating these nutrient requirements for both infants and lactating women. A mid‐infrared human milk analyser (HMA, Miris, Sweden) was recently developed for determining macronutrient levels. The purpose of the study is to compare the accuracy and precision of HMA method with fresh milk samples in the field studies with chemical methods with frozen samples in the lab. Full breast milk was collected using electric pumps and fresh milk was analyzed in the field studies using HMA. All human milk samples were thawed and analyzed with chemical reference methods in the lab. The protein, fat and total solid levels were significantly correlated between the two methods and the correlation coefficient was 0.88, 0.93 and 0.78, respectively (p  <  0.001). The mean protein content was significantly lower and the mean fat level was significantly greater when measured using HMA method (1.0 g 100 mL−1 vs 1.2 g 100 mL−1and 3. 7 g 100 mL−1 vs 3.2 g 100 mL−1, respectively, p  <  0.001). Thus, linear recalibration could be used to improve mean estimation for both protein and fat. There was no significant correlation for lactose between the two methods (p  >  0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean total solid concentration (12.2 g 100 mL−1vs 12.3 g 100 mL−1, p  >  0.05). Overall, HMA might be used to analyze macronutrients in fresh human milk with acceptable accuracy and precision after recalibrating fat and protein levels of field samples.
A gapless genome sequence of the fungus Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Van Kan Jan A. L. , Stassen Joost H. M. , Mosbach Andreas , Van Der Lee Theo A. J. , Faino Luigi , Farmer Andrew D. , Papasotiriou Dimitrios G. , Zhou Shiguo , Seidl Michael F. , Cottam Eleanor , Edel Dominique , Hahn Matthias , Schwartz David C. , Dietrich Robert A. , Widdison Stephanie , Scalliet Gabriel 
Published: February 2016

SummaryFollowing earlier incomplete and fragmented versions of a genome sequence for the grey mould Botrytis cinerea, a gapless, near‐finished genome sequence for B. cinerea strain B05.10 is reported. The assembly comprised 18 chromosomes and was confirmed by an optical map and a genetic map based on approximately 75 000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. All chromosomes contained fully assembled centromeric regions, and 10 chromosomes had telomeres on both ends. The genetic map consisted of 4153 cM and a comparison of the genetic distances with the physical distances identified 40 recombination hotspots. The linkage map also identified two mutations, located in the previously described genes Bos1 and BcsdhB, that conferred resistance to the fungicides boscalid and iprodione. The genome was predicted to encode 11 701 proteins. RNAseq data from >20 different samples were used to validate and improve gene models. Manual curation of chromosome 1 revealed interesting features, such as the occurrence of a dicistronic transcript and fully overlapping genes in opposite orientations, as well as many spliced antisense transcripts. Manual curation also revealed that the untranslated regions (UTRs) of genes can be complex and long, with many UTRs exceeding lengths of 1 kb and possessing multiple introns. Community annotation is in progress.
Topical antifungal‐corticosteroid combination therapy for the treatment of superficial mycoses: conclusions of an expert panel meeting
Authors: Schaller Martin , Friedrich Markus , Papini Manuela , Pujol Ramon M. , Veraldi Stefano 
Published: February 2016

SummarySuperficial fungal infections affect 20–25% of people worldwide and can cause considerable morbidity, particularly if an inflammatory component is present. As superficial fungal infections can be diverse, the treatment should be tailored to the individual needs of the patient and several factors should be taken into account when deciding on the most appropriate treatment option. These include the type, location and surface area of the infection, patient age, degree of inflammation and underlying comorbidities. Although several meta‐analyses have shown that there are no significant differences between the numerous available topical antifungal agents with regard to mycological cure, agents differ in their specific intrinsic properties, which can affect their clinical use. The addition of a corticosteroid to an antifungal agent at the initiation of treatment can attenuate the inflammatory symptoms of the infection and is thought to increase patient compliance, reduce the risk of bacterial superinfection and enhance the efficacy of the antifungal agent. However, incorrect use of antifungal‐corticosteroid therapy may be associated with treatment failure and adverse effects. This review summarises available treatment options for superficial fungal infections and provides general treatment recommendations based on the consensus outcomes of an Expert Panel meeting on the topical treatment of superficial mycoses.
13C mannitol as a novel biomarker for measurement of intestinal permeability
Authors: Grover M. , Camilleri M. , Hines J. , Burton D. , Ryks M. , Wadhwa A. , Sundt W. , Dyer R. , Singh R. J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) and non‐GI disorders are associated with altered intestinal permeability, which can be measured in vivo by urinary excretion after oral lactulose and mannitol ingestion. Inadvertent dietary consumption of 12Carbon (12C, regular) mannitol in food or from other sources may interfere with the test's interpretation. 13Carbon (13C) constitutes 1% of carbon in nature and 13C mannitol is a stable isotope. Our aim was to determine the performance of 13C mannitol for measurement of intestinal permeability.MethodsTen healthy volunteers underwent intestinal permeability assay using coadministered 12C mannitol, 13C mannitol and lactulose, followed by timed urine collections. Urinary sugar concentrations were measured using tandem high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.Key resultsWe found that 13C mannitol can be distinguishable from 12C mannitol on tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, 13C mannitol had ~20‐fold lower baseline contamination compared to 12C mannitol. We describe here the 13C mannitol assay method for the measurement of intestinal permeability.Conclusions & InferencesIn conclusion, 13C mannitol is superior to 12C mannitol for measurement of intestinal permeability. It avoids issues with baseline contamination and erratic excretions during the testing period.
From IPEX syndrome to FOXP3 mutation: a lesson on immune dysregulation
Authors: Bacchetta Rosa , Barzaghi Federica , Roncarolo Maria‐Grazia 
Published: February 2016

AbstractImmune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X‐linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare disorder that increasingly has gained attention as a model of genetic autoimmunity. Numerous papers documenting the key clinical and molecular characteristics of IPEX have provided a detailed understanding of this devastating disease. IPEX is a primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the gene FOXP3, which encodes an essential transcription factor required for maintenance of thymus‐derived regulatory T (tTreg) cells. tTreg cell dysfunction is the main pathogenic event leading to multiorgan autoimmunity in IPEX. In addition to the traditional clinical presentation (i.e., severe enteropathy, type 1 diabetes, and eczema), IPEX may encompass other variable and distinct clinical manifestations. As IPEX awareness and characterization have increased, so has identification of FOXP3 mutations, with at least 70 to date. Thus, while FOXP3 is the unifying gene, IPEX is a complex and diverse clinical continuum of disorders. Despite understanding IPEX pathogenesis, new treatment options have remained elusive, although early diagnosis led to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and immunosuppression treatment and improved patient outcomes. Here, we review current knowledge about IPEX syndrome and highlight findings that could lead to novel targeted treatments.
A role for novel adipose tissue‐secreted factors in obesity‐related carcinogenesis
Authors: Cabia B. , Andrade S. , Carreira M. C. , Casanueva F. F. , Crujeiras A. B. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryObesity, a pandemic disease, is caused by an excessive accumulation of fat that can have detrimental effects on health. Adipose tissue plays a very important endocrine role, secreting different molecules that affect body physiology. In obesity, this function is altered, leading to a dysfunctional production of several factors, known as adipocytokines. This process has been linked to various comorbidities associated with obesity, such as carcinogenesis. In fact, several classical adipocytokines with increased levels in obesity have been demonstrated to exert a pro‐carcinogenic role, including leptin, TNF‐α, IL‐6 and resistin, whereas others like adiponectin, with decreased levels in obesity, might have an anti‐carcinogenic function. In this expanding field, new proteomic techniques and approaches have allowed the identification of novel adipocytokines, a number of which exhibit an altered production in obesity and type 2 diabetes and thus are related to adiposity. Many of these novel adipocytokines have also been identified in various tumour types, such as that of the breast, liver or endometrium, thereby increasing the list of potential contributors to carcinogenesis. This review is focused on the regulation of these novel adipocytokines by obesity, including apelin, endotrophin, FABP4, lipocalin 2, omentin‐1, visfatin, chemerin, ANGPTL2 or osteopontin, emphasizing its involvement in tumorigenesis.
Carer engagement in the hospital care of older people: an integrative literature review
Authors: Morrow Elizabeth M. , Nicholson Caroline 
Published: February 2016

AimThe aim of this review was to explore the concept of carer engagement in the hospital care of older people and to build theory to inform future research and practice.BackgroundCarer engagement can help to improve the delivery and continuity of care provided to older people in hospital. However, definitions, guidance and structures for carer engagement in hospitals are lacking and there can be tensions and conflicts about the role of carers in hospitals.MethodIntegrative literature review. Literature searches identified 2745 peer‐reviewed articles and studies published between January 1990 and November 2015 in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, EMBASE and CINHAL. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, the sample (103 articles) was subject to thematic analysis.ResultsCurrent evidence on carer engagement is dispersed across different research literatures on clinical conditions and contexts. Six distinct components of carer engagement were identified: patient caregiving, information sharing, shared decision‐making, carer support and education, carer feedback and patient care transitions.ConclusionHospitals can adopt a more consistent and comprehensive approach to carer engagement for older people by developing and supporting the different components of carer engagement identified.Implications for practiceThe integrated model of carer engagement developed here could help staff and hospitals to develop strategies, staff training and resources that work with rather than against carers. The findings can inform future research on carer engagement interventions and associated outcomes for patients, carers and staff.
Safety and tolerability of bilastine 10 mg administered for 12 weeks in children with allergic diseases
Authors: Novák Zoltán , Yáñez Anahí , Kiss Ildikó , Kuna Piotr , Tortajada‐Girbés Miguel , Valiente Román ,   the “Bilastine Paediatric Safety Study Group”
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundRegulations on medicinal products for paediatric use require that pharmacokinetics and safety be characterized specifically in the paediatric population. A previous study established that a 10‐mg dose of bilastine in children aged 2 to <12 years provided an equivalent systemic exposure as 20 mg in adults. The current study assessed the safety and tolerability of bilastine 10 mg in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and chronic urticaria.MethodsIn this phase III, multicentre, double‐blind study, children were randomized to once‐daily treatment with bilastine 10‐mg oral dispersible table (n = 260) or placebo (n = 249) for 12 weeks. Safety evaluations included treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), laboratory tests, cardiac safety (ECG recordings) and somnolence/sedation using the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ).ResultsThe primary hypothesis of non‐inferiority between bilastine 10 mg and placebo was demonstrated on the basis of a near‐equivalent proportion of children in each treatment arm without TEAEs during 12 weeks' treatment (31.5 vs. 32.5%). No clinically relevant differences between bilastine 10 mg and placebo were observed from baseline to study end for TEAEs or related TEAEs, ECG parameters and PSQ scores. The majority of TEAEs were mild or moderate in intensity. TEAEs led to discontinuation of two patients treated with bilastine 10 mg and one patient treated with placebo.ConclusionsBilastine 10 mg had a safety and tolerability profile similar to that of placebo in children aged 2 to <12 years with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis or chronic urticaria.
Implementing Treat‐to‐Target Practices for Chronic Pain Through Shared Decision Making: Requisites, Prospects, and Challenges
Authors: Falzer Paul R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTreat‐to‐target (T2T) includes a target or goal, standard symptom assessment, and a treatment decision. In specialties that threat chronic pain, T2T is expected to be implemented collaboratively. The ability of patients to participate fully has been questioned, but these concerns have not been demonstrated empirically. The current study examined how patient self‐assessed symptom measures and illness beliefs affect their willingness to change their current treatment.MethodsA total of 157 patients with rheumatoid arthritis completed a standard “disease activity” (DA) battery consisting of current joint pain, recent pain, daily functioning, and generality disability assessments, along with an illness belief questionnaire and a willingness to change measure. Data were collected at 2‐month intervals over a 6‐month period. Single and multiple influences on willingness to change were examined using linear mixed models.ResultsWillingness is strongly and directly associated withDAscores. Beliefs that were significant as single factors became nonsignificant onceDAscores were introduced. The findings established a strong and consistent link betweenDAscores and willingness, and ruled out the prospect that illness beliefs mediate or moderate this relationship. It was also found that willingness to change is directly related to the number of significant self‐reported symptoms.ConclusionConcerns about the ability of patients to participate in a collaborative implementation of T2T were not substantiated. Future studies can examine the subtle interplay of goals, assessments, and treatment decisions and clarify outstanding issues about the practice of clinical decision making.
Potato tuber expression of Arabidopsis WRINKLED1 increase triacylglycerol and membrane lipids while affecting central carbohydrate metabolism
Authors: Hofvander Per , Ischebeck Till , Turesson Helle , Kushwaha Sandeep K. , Feussner Ivo , Carlsson Anders S. , Andersson Mariette 
Published: February 2016

SummaryTuber and root crops virtually exclusively accumulate storage products in the form of carbohydrates. An exception is yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in which tubers have the capacity to store starch and triacylglycerols (TAG) in roughly equal amounts. This suggests that a tuber crop can efficiently handle accumulation of energy dense oil. From a nutritional as well as economic aspect, it would be of interest to utilize the high yield capacity of tuber or root crops for oil accumulation similar to yellow nutsedge. The transcription factor WRINKLED1 from Arabidopsis thaliana, which in seed embryos induce fatty acid synthesis, has been shown to be a major factor for oil accumulation. WRINKLED1 was expressed in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers to explore whether this factor could impact tuber metabolism. This study shows that a WRINKLED1 transcription factor could induce triacylglycerol accumulation in tubers of transformed potato plants grown in field (up to 12 nmol TAG/mg dry weight, 1% of dry weight) together with a large increase in polar membrane lipids. The changes in metabolism further affected starch accumulation and composition concomitant with massive increases in sugar content.
Screening for secondary hyperparathyroidism in preterm infants
Authors: Dowa Yuri , Kawai Masahiko , Kanazawa Hoshinori , Iwanaga Kougoro , Matsukura Takashi , Heike Toshio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe major cause of osteopathy of prematurity is dietary phosphate deficiency, but secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by calcium deficiency or vitamin D deficiency is also important. Because parathyroid hormone (PTH) mobilizes calcium and phosphate from the bone, hyperparathyroidism worsens osteopathy of prematurity. In order to identify useful markers to screen for and diagnose hyperparathyroidism in preterm infants, we measured serum and urinary biochemical markers.MethodsSeveral biomarkers, including serum intact PTH (iPTH), were measured in urine and serum samples obtained from 95 preterm infants, and the relationship between serum iPTH and the other parameters was analyzed.ResultsMean gestation was 33.2 ± 2.9 weeks, and mean birthweight was 1705 ± 402 g. Samples were collected around postnatal day 17.3 ± 7.4. Fourteen infants (14.7%) had iPTH >65 pg/mL. Cut‐offs for serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and percent tubular reabsorption rate of phosphate (%TRP) were fixed at 1300 IU/L and 93%, respectively using receiver operating characteristic curves with iPTH cut‐off of 65 pg/mL. Serum ALP was proven to be a good marker: ALP had a sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 86.4%, while %TRP itself was not: %TRP had a sensitivity of 64.3% and a specificity of 58.0%. Combined measurement of serum ALP (>1300 IU/L) and %TRP (≤93%), however, had a specificity of 93.8% for detecting elevated iPTH.ConclusionMeasurement of serum ALP (>1300 IU/L) is considered as an effective screening method to detect hyperparathyroidism. In addition, combined assessment of ALP(>1300 IU/L) and %TRP(≤93%) is a good indicator of elevated iPTH in preterm infants.
Practice recommendations for the monitoring of renal function in pediatric non‐renal organ transplant recipients
Authors: Filler Guido , Melk Anette , Marks Stephen D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe management of non‐renal pediatric solid organ transplant recipients has become complex over the last decade with innovations in immunosuppression and surgical techniques. Post‐transplantation follow‐up is essential to ensure that children have functioning allografts for as long as possible. CKD is highly prevalent in these patients, often under recognized, and has a profound impact on patient survival. These practice recommendations focus on the early detection and management of hypertension, proteinuria, and renal dysfunction in non‐renal pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. We present seven practice recommendations. Renal function should be monitored regularly in organ transplant recipients, utilizing assessment of serum creatinine and cystatin C. GFR should be calculated using the new Schwartz formula. Transplant physicians should also monitor blood pressure using automated oscillometric devices and confirm repeated abnormal measures with manual blood pressure readings and ambulatory 24‐h blood pressure monitoring. Proteinuria and microalbuminuria should also be assessed regularly. Referrals to a pediatric nephrologist should be made for non‐renal organ transplant recipients with repeated blood pressures >95th percentile using the Fourth Task Force reference intervals, microalbumin/creatinine ratio >32.5 mg/g (3.7 mg/mmol) creatinine on repeated testing and/or GFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Patterns and sources of variation in pollen deposition and pollen tube formation in flowers of the endemic monoecious shrub Cnidoscolus souzae (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Arceo‐Gómez G. , Alonso C. , Abdala‐Roberts L. , Parra‐Tabla V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPollen deposition and pollen tube formation are key components of angiosperm reproduction but intraspecific variation in these has rarely been quantified. Documenting and partitioning (populations, plants and flowers) natural variation in these two aspects of plant reproduction can help uncover spatial mosaics of reproductive success and underlying causes. In this study, we assess variation in pollen deposition and pollen tube formation for the endemic monoecious shrub Cnidoscolus souzae throughout its distribution range in Mexico, and determine how this variation is structured among populations, plants and flowers. We also infer the relative importance of pollen quantity and quality in determining pollination success in this species. While we found no evidence suggesting that pollen receipt limits C. souzae reproduction across 19 populations, we did find extensive variation in pollen load size and pollen tube number per flower. Total variation in pollen receipt and pollen tube number was mostly explained by intra‐individual and among‐population variance. Furthermore, pollen load size had a stronger effect on the number of pollen tubes at the base of the style than pollen germination rate, suggesting that pollen quantity may be more important than quality for pollen tube success in C. souzae. Our results suggest that both small within‐plant flower differences and broad‐scale differences in community attributes can play an important role in determining pollination success. We emphasise the need to evaluate patterns and sources of variation in pollen deposition and pollen tube formation as a first step in understanding the causes of variation in pollination success over broad spatial scales.