bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncoidal granular iron formation in the Mesoarchaean Pongola Supergroup, southern Africa: Textural and geochemical evidence for biological activity during iron deposition
Authors: Smith A. J. B. , Beukes N. J. , Gutzmer J. , Czaja A. D. , Johnson C. M. , Nhleko N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe document the discovery of the first granular iron formation (GIF) of Archaean age and present textural and geochemical results that suggest these formed through microbial iron oxidation. The GIF occurs in the Nconga Formation of the ca. 3.0–2.8 Ga Pongola Supergroup in South Africa and Swaziland. It is interbedded with oxide and silicate facies micritic iron formation (MIF). There is a strong textural control on iron mineralization in the GIF not observed in the associated MIF. The GIF is marked by oncoids with chert cores surrounded by magnetite and calcite rims. These rims show laminated domal textures, similar in appearance to microstromatolites. The GIF is enriched in silica and depleted in Fe relative to the interbedded MIF. Very low Al and trace element contents in the GIF indicate that chemically precipitated chert was reworked above wave base into granules in an environment devoid of siliciclastic input. Microbially mediated iron precipitation resulted in the formation of irregular, domal rims around the chert granules. During storm surges, oncoids were transported and deposited in deeper water environments. Textural features, along with positive δ56Fe values in magnetite, suggest that iron precipitation occurred through incomplete oxidation of hydrothermal Fe2+ by iron‐oxidizing bacteria. The initial Fe3+‐oxyhydroxide precipitates were then post‐depositionally transformed to magnetite. Comparison of the Fe isotope compositions of the oncoidal GIF with those reported for the interbedded deeper water iron formation (IF) illustrates that the Fe2+ pathways and sources for these units were distinct. It is suggested that the deeper water IF was deposited from the evolved margin of a buoyant Fe2+aq‐rich hydrothermal plume distal to its source. In contrast, oncolitic magnetite rims of chert granules were sourced from ambient Fe2+aq‐depleted shallow ocean water beyond the plume.
Affecting mechanism of chitosan on water resistance of magnesium phosphate cement
Authors: Liao Jianguo , Lu Shanxing , Duan Xingze , Xie Yufen , Zhang Yongxiang , Li Yanqun , Zhou Aiguo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo solve the problem of poor water resistance and restricted usage of magnesium phosphate cement, the cement prepared by NaH2PO4 and NH4H2PO4 was modified via chitosan, and the modification mechanism was also explored. The results showed that the optimum molar ratio of NaH2PO4: NH4H2PO4 was 2:3. Upon setting the chitosan content of wt.1%, the mechanical strength of the resulting cements after 28 days was 42 MPa. After water immersion, the percentage of the lost mechanical strength of cements and mass loss was smaller than those in the control group. Free amino group on the molecular chain of chitosan could react with Mg2+ ions to form complexes. Interconnected polymer network structure was formed in magnesium phosphate bone cement paste. Magnesium phosphate bone cement had hydration products with Mg2+ ions as nucleation sites, which further gradually formed a network structure, indicating that chitosan could improve the water resistance of magnesium phosphate bone cements.
Nutrient intake and urinary incontinence in Korean women: A propensity score‐matched analysis from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data
Authors: Lee Jun Ho , Lee Hyo Serk 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between dietary nutrients and female urinary incontinence using nationally representative data from Korea.MethodsWe included 8090 women aged >20 years who had participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV. We carried out a propensity‐matched study by identifying women with urinary incontinence. Women without urinary incontinence, matched for age, body mass index, menopause, delivery history, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, stroke, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and amount of total food intake, were included as a control group at a 2:1 ratio (661 women with urinary incontinence; 1322 women without urinary incontinence). Data were analyzed using the χ2‐test, Mann–Whitney test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression.ResultsFollowing propensity score matching, 661 women with urinary incontinence and 1322 women without urinary incontinence were included; the confounders were evenly dispersed and did not differ significantly between the groups. There was no significant difference in the intake of water, fat, protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, carotene, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C. However, carbohydrate intake was significantly higher in the urinary incontinence group than in the control group (median [interquartile range]: 282.3 g/day [214.7; 352.0] vs 267.7 g/day [212.6; 339.1]; P = 0.041).ConclusionHigh carbohydrate intake seems to be significantly related to female urinary incontinence in the Korean population.
Data envelopment analysis based on team reasoning
Authors: Xia Meimei , Chen Jian , Zeng Xiao‐Jun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractExisting approaches to data envelopment analysis focus mainly on the derivation of the efficiency of the individual decision‐making unit (DMU) or on the calculation of the weights of multiple inputs or outputs, but pay little attention to the team interest of all the DMUs. Motivated by the idea of team reasoning, in which the benefit of the team is of higher importance than that of each individual, this paper considers all the DMUs as a team and introduces the team indexes including the overall efficiencies, variance, boundaries of all the DMUs, and relationships between DMUs. Several models are first developed to estimate values of the team indexes based on which decision makers can provide their preferences regarding them. Then, models are established to obtain the interval efficiencies of individual DMUs under the condition that the team indexes are satisfied. Several examples are given to illustrate the proposed approaches and verify their applicability.
An output‐oriented classification of multiple attribute decision‐making techniques based on fuzzy c‐means clustering method
Authors: Asgharizadeh Ezzatollah , Taghizadeh Yazdi Mohammadreza , Mohammadi Balani Abdolkarim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a new output‐oriented classification of multiple attribute decision‐making (MADM) techniques, not based on common subjective comparisons, but mostly on quantitative and computer‐aided comparisons and results. Several classifications of MADM techniques exist, all of which are either input‐oriented (based on the type of input data) or process‐oriented (depending on the process of calculating the final results using the input data). The classification provided in this paper is based on measuring the performance of 17 MADM techniques (SAW, ELECTRE I, TOPSIS, ORESTE, PROMETHEE I, EVAMIX, MAUT, REGIME, MAPPAC, TACTIC, VIKOR, ARGUS, COPRAS, SMART, PACMAN, MOORA, and ARAS) in seven performance variables (simplicity in learning and deploying, speed, complexity of calculations, the number of inputs, the quality of the underlying logic, the quality of rankings, and the rate of growth in large problems) and clustering them using fuzzy c‐means clustering method. Results indicate that the considered techniques can be best classified into two clusters.
Blunt scratch strength of polycrystalline alumina
Authors: Cook Robert F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA model for the fracture strength of brittle materials controlled by blunt (spherical) scratches is developed and compared with measurements on a polycrystalline alumina. The model is based on a residual stress‐intensity factor for median cracks at scratches that include a localized plastic deformation zone formed by dragged spherical contacts. The stress‐intensity factor depends nonlinearly on the normal contact load P, resulting in a predicted strength variation of P−3/4. The strength result validates previous claims and extends the overall indentation‐strength framework. However, the result has only limited effectiveness in describing experimental measurements, pertaining only to ideal blunt scratches formed over a limited load domain.
Predicting the ability of elderly diabetes patients to acquire the insulin self‐injection technique based on the number of animal names recalled
Authors: Minami Taichi , Yamada Masayo , Furuta Ryutaro , Kamata Kentaro , Katsuragawa Sho , Terui Sakiko , Akiyama Tomoaki , Yoshii Taishi , Tsunoda Tetsuji , Terauchi Yasuo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo our knowledge, no studies have reported that cognitive tests can be used to evaluate whether or not patients can acquire the insulin self‐injection technique. We investigated whether or not the number of animal names recalled in 1 min by elderly diabetes patients could be used as a predictor of the patients’ ability to acquire the insulin self‐injection technique within 1 week.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 57 inpatients with type 2 diabetes aged >60 years who were starting insulin therapy. We carried out the Mini‐Mental State Examination and verbal fluency tests, which included recalling animal names and common nouns starting with the letters ‘a,’ ‘ka’ and ‘shi’ (Japanese letters). We used 12 checkpoints for insulin self‐injection to judge the patients’ levels of acquisition of the technique. The most predictive cognitive test was determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn the present study, multivariate logistic analysis showed that the number of animal names recalled was the most reliable predictor of the ability to acquire the insulin self‐injection technique within 1 week. A figure of 11 animal names predicted a successful acquisition, with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 91% being observed (area under the curve 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.76–0.97, P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe number of animal names recalled in 1 min was the most useful indicator of the ability of elderly diabetes patients to learn to manage insulin self‐injection therapy within 1 week. The cut‐off value was 11 animal names.
Different expression patterns of plasma Th1‐, Th2‐, Th17‐ and Th22‐related cytokines correlate with serum autoreactivity and allergen sensitivity in chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Chen Q. , Zhong H. , Chen W.C. , Zhai Z. , Zhou Z. , Song Z. , Hao F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundClinical features and basophil activation levels correlate with serum autoreactivity and allergen sensitivity in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU).ObjectivesTo explore the relationship of the expression patterns of plasma T‐helper cell (Th) 1‐, Th2‐, Th17‐ and Th22‐related cytokines with the serum autoreactivity and the allergen sensitivity in CSU.MethodTwenty related cytokines were measured and analysed in 60 patients with CSU, 15 patients with acute urticaria, 10 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 15 healthy persons, respectively. Autologous serum skin testing (ASST) and skin prick testing (SPT) were performed to detect autoreactivity and allergy sensitivity, respectively. The protein–protein interaction of cytokines and the molecular pathways were analysed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and KyotoEncyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG database), respectively.ResultsTh1‐/Th2‐ and Th17‐related cytokines were significantly elevated and correlated with disease activity in CSU than in healthy controls. Interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10 and IL‐13 were significantly higher in acute urticaria than in patients with CSU. Granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), IL‐10 and IL‐17 were significantly higher in ASST+ than in ASST‐ CSU patients. IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐12p70 and IL‐21 were significantly higher in SPT+ than in SPT− CSU patients. The plasma levels of interferon‐γ, IL‐2 and IL‐21 varied among ASST+/SPT+, ASST+/SPT−, ASST−/SPT+ and ASST−/SPT− CSU subgroups, which appeared to involve the positive regulation of the Janus kinase‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK‐STAT) signaling pathway.ConclusionThis study indicates acute urticaria elicits a more prominent Th2 immune response than CSU. There was association between different expression patterns of plasma Th1‐, Th2‐, Th17‐ and Th22‐related cytokines and serum autoreactivity or allergen sensitivity in CSU. Further studies on the JAK‐STAT pathway in the pathogenesis of CSU are warranted.
Dermoscopy and the diagnosis of primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Geller S. , Marghoob A.A. , Scope A. , Braun R.P. , Myskowski P.L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrimary cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas (PCBCLs) are frequently misdiagnosed, and a biopsy is needed to attain the correct diagnosis.ObjectiveTo characterize the dermoscopic features of PCBCL.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we analysed the pathology reports of 172 newly diagnosed PCBCL for the initial clinical differential diagnosis. The dermoscopic images of 58 PCBCL were evaluated for dermoscopic features. Two dermoscopy experts, who were blinded to the diagnosis and the study objective, evaluated images from 17 cases for a dermoscopic differential diagnosis.ResultsOf 172 biopsy‐proven PCBCL lesions, cutaneous lymphoma was suspected by the clinician in 16.3%; the leading diagnosis was basal cell carcinoma in 17.4%, and other skin neoplasms in 21%. Studying 58 PCBCL dermoscopic images, we most frequently identified salmon‐coloured background/area (79.3%) and prominent blood vessels (77.6%), mostly of serpentine (linear‐irregular) morphology (67.2%). Dermoscopic features did not differ significantly by subtype or location. Blinded evaluation by dermoscopy experts raised a wide differential diagnosis including PCBCL, arthropod bite, basal cell carcinoma, amelanotic melanoma and scar/keloid.ConclusionsTwo dermoscopic features, salmon‐coloured area/background and serpentine vessels, are frequently seen in PCBCL lesions. These characteristic dermoscopic features, although not specific, can suggest a possible diagnosis of PCBCL.
Antiwrinkle effect of topical adhesive pads on crow's feet: How long does the effect last for?
Authors: Mazzarello Vittorio , Ferrari Marco , Bulla Antonio , Piu Gabriella , Montella Andrea 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundAdhesive pads should reduce the action of the local muscle contraction on the skin leading to a decrease in the depth of existing wrinkles and the formation of new dynamic wrinkles.Aim of the workThis study aims at assessing the antiwrinkles action of adhesive pads during time, and the temporary improvement of facial skin appearance by reducing the vision of linear wrinkles and improving skin elasticity.Patients and methodsThirty‐nine subjects participated to a placebo‐controlled study. In the short‐term test, the measurements were taken 15, 30, and 60 minutes following 30 minutes application of the product; in the long‐term test, the measurements were taken after wearing pads every night for 4 weeks. The roughness parameter of the skin surface was calculated by using a profilometry software 3D MEX®.ResultsIn the short‐ and long‐term tests, analyzing the average of the elastomeric measurements, no significant change was observed in any of the parameters analyzed after 15, 30, and 60 minutes. The adhesive pad decreased significantly all roughness skin parameters 15 minutes after short‐term application and until 60 minutes after long‐term application. These changes did not occur in the contralateral untreated zone.ConclusionsThe use of topical adhesive pads improves wrinkles in the crow's feet area in the first hour after use. However, patient self‐evaluation indicated that the use of topical adhesive pads for 3 weeks may offer subjective improvement in crow's feet zone over a 2 hour period. Topical adhesive pads are safe to use and tolerable for most users.
Cerebral blood flow velocities and cerebrovascular resistance in normal‐term neonates in the first 72 hours
Authors: Forster Danielle E , Koumoundouros Emmanuel , Saxton Virginia , Fedai Gabrielle , Holberton James 
Published: August 2017

AimTo determine the range of cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFVs) and Doppler indices of cerebrovascular resistance in normal‐term neonates as a baseline for a study of hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy.MethodsThe CBFVs, resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were measured in the anterior and middle cerebral arteries (ACA and MCA) of 38 normal neonates.ResultsThe mean peak systolic, end diastolic and time‐averaged velocities (PSV, EDV and TAV) were 36.3 ± 6.6, 12.4 ± 3.9 and 22.0 ± 4.0 cm/s (ACA) and 41.4 ± 13.2, 13.0 ± 5.5 and 25.8 ± 7.9 cm/s (MCA), respectively. All CBFVs in the ACA correlated with gestation; only EDV was correlated to post‐natal age. The RI in the ACA (0.67 ± 0.06) and MCA (0.68 ± 0.07) were correlated (r = 0.72, P < 0.001); RI correlated to post‐natal age. Two infants with RI < 0.55 were both fed within 25 mins of the study; RI correlated with post‐prandial time (dichotomous, pivot 25 min). The mean PI was 1.11 ± 0.18 (ACA) and 1.17 ± 0.23 (MCA). Correlations were observed with post‐natal age and post‐prandial time (dichotomous). The average angle of insonation was greater in the ACA than in the MCA (median of 5° vs. 18°).ConclusionsResults corresponded with previous published studies. No correlation was observed between Doppler indices and gestation as component velocities all increase with advancing gestation. Less variation and smaller standard deviation of CBFV's was associated with a smaller angle of insonation. Low RIs (<0.55), without a pathological cause, warrants further study.
Rare clinically significant hepatic events and hepatitis B reactivation occur more frequently following rather than during direct‐acting antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C: Data from a national US cohort
Authors: Serper M. , Forde K. A. , Kaplan D. E. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryRecently, cases of hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) with direct‐acting antiviral therapy (DAAs) for HCV have been reported. However, few data exist from large, Western cohorts. The study objectives were to evaluate the incidence of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flares, clinically significant hepatic events, and HBVr among a national cohort of US veterans with prior exposure to HBV (anti‐HBc+) treated with DAAs. We used a national administrative database to identify patients treated with DAAs from January 2014 through November 2016 and obtained clinical and demographic as well as HBV and HCV treatment data. HBVr was defined as an at least 1‐log increase in HBV DNA titre. Among 17 779 anti‐HBc+ patients, 17 400 were HIV− and 379 were HIV+. Among the HIV− patients, 17 266 (99%) were HBsAg− prior to DAA therapy and 134 were HBsAg+. Among HIV‐, HBsAg− patients, ALT elevations greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal (ULN; ≥300 IU/mL) were rare and occurred more frequently after treatment completion: 31 cases (<0.1%) during vs 85 (0.6%) following treatment. Clinically significant hepatic events defined as ALT increases >100 IU/L with total bilirubin >2.5 mg/dL occurred in 39 cases (0.3%), most often following DAA completion (n = 35 cases, 3/35 in setting of HCV relapse). Among 31 patients with post‐DAA hepatic events without HCV relapse, 10 (32%) were confirmed unrelated to HBVr by HBsAg and/or HBV DNA testing, 1 (3%) confirmed due to HBVr, and 20 (65%) did not have documented HBV‐related testing. One additional case of HBsAg− to + seroreversion was identified. Among HBsAg+ DAA recipients, 2/97 (2%), both with cirrhosis, experienced ALT elevations ≥300 IU/mL in the setting of HBVr. In conclusion, clinically significant hepatic events and HBVr were rare and much more likely among HBsAg‐positive individuals. Anti‐HBc + patients should be monitored for ALT flares and HBVr during and possibly for up to 6 months post‐DAA therapy.
Applying the Bundle–Move Connection Approach to the Development of an Online Writing Support Tool for Research Articles
Authors: Mizumoto Atsushi , Hamatani Sawako , Imao Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWith advances in information and computer technology, genre‐based writing pedagogy has developed greatly in recent years. In order to further this growth in technology‐enhanced genre writing pedagogy, this study developed a data‐driven and theory‐based practical support tool for writing research articles. This web‐based, innovative tool, powered by a combination of rhetorical moves and lexical bundles, has an autocomplete feature that suggests the most frequent lexical bundles in a move within a research article section. This innovative web‐based tool was developed based on the proof of concept of the bundle–move connection approach. Preliminary user feedback was positive overall, and it was found that the writing support tool brought about beneficial effects that genre‐writing pedagogy explicitly aims to achieve. In light of these findings, pedagogical implications of the tool are discussed, with particular focus on the potential role that it could play in the teaching and learning of technology‐enhanced genre writing.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded Open Materials and Open Data badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the IRIS Repository at https://www.iris-database.org/iris/app/home/detail?id=york:932233. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
The grapes and wrath: using resveratrol to treat the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Sims Carrie A. , Baur Joseph A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractResveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol found in grapes, has been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in a variety of conditions. Recently, resveratrol has been investigated as a potential adjunct to resuscitation therapy for hemorrhagic shock—a condition characterized by tissue hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. Although standard resuscitation restores tissue perfusion, it can exacerbate oxidative stress and organ damage. In rodent models of severe hemorrhagic shock, resveratrol mitigates reperfusion injury, preserves organ function, and improves survival. While many of these benefits can be attributed to its ability to activate sirtuin 1, resveratrol interacts with many targets that are relevant to ischemia–reperfusion. Here, we explore the probable mechanisms, potential benefits, and possible problems associated with administering resveratrol as an adjunct during resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock.