bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition and Extraction of Cesium Hydroxide and Carbonate by Using a Neutral Multitopic Ion‐Pair Receptor
Authors: He Qing , Peters Gretchen Marie , Lynch Vincent M. , Sessler Jonathan L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCurrent approaches to lowering the pH of basic media rely on the addition of a proton source. An alternative approach is described herein that involves the liquid–liquid extraction‐based removal of cesium salts, specifically CsOH and Cs2CO3, from highly basic media. A multitopic ion‐pair receptor (2) is used that can recognize and extract the hydroxide and carbonate anions as their cesium salts, as confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopic titrations, ICP‐MS, single‐crystal structural analyses, and theoretical calculations. A sharp increase in the pH and cesium concentrations in the receiving phase is observed when receptor 2 is employed as a carrier in U‐tube experiments involving the transport of CsOH through an intervening chloroform layer. The pH of the source phase likewise decreases.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Cyclopentanes Bearing an All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter by Zirconium‐Catalyzed Double Carboalumination
Authors: Xu Shiqing , Wang Chuan , Komiyama Masato , Tomonari Yasuhiko , Negishi Ei‐ichi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHerein, we report a zirconium‐catalyzed enantio‐ and diastereoselective inter/intramolecular double carboalumination of unactivated 2‐substituted 1,5‐dienes, which provides efficient and direct access to chiral cyclopentanes through the generation of two stereocenters, including one all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter, generally with excellent diastereo‐ and high enantioselectivity. This tandem carboalumination process creates two new C−C bonds as well as one C−Al bond, which can be oxidized in situ with O2 or hydrolyzed. Furthermore, the obtained chiral cyclopentanes can be readily functionalized to provide various chiral compounds.
Structural and Electronic Flexibility in Hydrides of Zintl Phases with Tetrel–Hydrogen and Tetrel–Tetrel Bonds
Authors: Auer Henry , Schlegel Robert , Oeckler Oliver , Kohlmann Holger 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe hydrogenation of Zintl phases enables the formation of new structural entities with main‐group‐element–hydrogen bonds in the solid state. The hydrogenation of SrSi, BaSi, and BaGe yields the hydrides SrSiH5/3−x, BaSiH5/3−x and BaGeH5/3−x. The crystal structures show a sixfold superstructure compared to the parent Zintl phase and were solved by a combination of X‐ray, neutron, and electron diffraction and the aid of DFT calculations. Layers of connected HSr4 (HBa4) tetrahedra containing hydride ions alternate with layers of infinite single‐ and double‐chain polyanions, in which hydrogen atoms are covalently bound to silicon and germanium. The idealized formulae AeTtH5/3 (Ae=alkaline earth, Tt=tetrel) can be rationalized with the Zintl–Klemm concept according to (Ae2+)3(TtH−)(Tt2H2−)(H−)3, where all Tt atoms are three‐binding. The non‐stoichiometry (SrSiH5/3−x, x=0.17(2); BaGeH5/3−x, x=0.10(3)) can be explained by additional π‐bonding of the Tt chains.
Three Arene‐Ru(II) compounds of 2‐halogen‐5‐aminopyridine: Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity
Authors: Yan Xiao‐Wei , Xie Yong‐Rong , Jin Zhi‐Min , Hu Mao‐Lin , Zhou Liang‐Pu 
Published: July 2017

Three novel compounds, (η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl2(2‐fluoro‐5‐aminopyridine) (compound 1), (η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl2(5‐amino‐2‐chlorpyridine) (compound 2) and (η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl2(2‐bromo‐ 5‐aminopyridine) (compound 3), were synthesized and characterized. The compound 1 and 3 were determined by X‐ray diffraction, showing a distorted piano‐stool type of geometry with similar bond lengths and angles around the ruthenium. Compound 2 exhibited moderate in vitro activity against A549 and MCF‐7 human cancer cells, the other two lower activities. The UV–vis and fluorescent absorption titrations showed that three compounds binded with CT‐DNA in a minor groove. The intrinsic binding constants (Kb) were calculated to be 2.13(±0.03) × 105 M−1, 2.89(±0.03) × 105 M−1 and 2.45(±0.03) × 105 M−1 for compound 1, 2 and 3, respectively, by using UV–vis absorption titrations data. Among the three compound, the highest value of intrinsic binding constant of compound 2 was consistent with its highest cytoxicity against A549 and MCF‐7 human cancer cells in vitro.
Molecular weight controlled poly(amic acid) resins end‐capped with phenylethynyl groups for manufacturing advanced polyimide films
Authors: Yuan Lili , Ji Mian , Yang Shiyong 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTTo investigate the effect of reactive end‐capping groups on film‐forming quality and processability, a series of molecular weight‐controlled aromatic poly(amic acid) (PAA) resins functionalized with phenylethynyl end groups were prepared via the polycondensation of 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), para‐phenylenediamine (PDA), and 4‐phenylethynyl phthalic anhydride (PEPA) served as molecular‐weight‐controlling and reactive end capping agent. The PAA resins with relatively high concentrations endow enhanced wetting/spreading ability to form PAA gel films by solution‐cast method which were thermally converted to the fully‐cured polyimide (PI) films. The mechanical and thermal properties of PI films were investigated as a function of PAA molecular weights (Mn) and thermal‐curing parameters. Mechanical property, dimensional stability and heat resistance of the fully‐cured PI films with PAA Mn > 20 ×103 g mol−1 are found to be better than that of their unreactive phthalic end‐capped counterparts. The covalent incorporation of chain‐extension structures in the backbones, induced by thermal curing of phenylethynyl groups, might facilitate yielding a higher degree of polymer chain order and consequently improved resistance strength and elongation at break to tensile plastic deformation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45168.
Effects of the coagulation temperature on the properties of wet‐spun poly(vinyl alcohol)–graphene oxide fibers
Authors: Hu Chengming , Li Jinlei , Liu Dagang , Song Renjie , Gu Jiefan , Prempeh Nana , Li Huiyan 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTGraphene oxide (GO) as a positive reinforcement filler was dispersed into a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) dope and wet‐spun into composite fibers. The effects of two EtOH coagulation baths maintained at −5 and 25 °C, respectively, on the morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of the composite fibers were investigated. The results show that gel spinning at −5 °C led to a relatively large shrinkage ratio, thin diameter, and low porosity of the as‐spun fibers. Simultaneously, the low coagulation temperature also greatly contributed to the formation and preservation of the liquid‐crystalline phase of the GO sheets and interrupted the crystalline zone of PVA less. As a result, either the tenacity or the elongation at break of the fibers spun at −5 °C was higher than those of the fibers spun through a coagulation bath at 25 °C. In particular, 1 wt % GO showed the highest reinforcement effects among all of the wet‐spun composite fibers. Hence, controlling the gelling–demixing process at a low temperature will provide more instructive insights for tailoring functional industrial textiles with excellent mechanical properties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45463.
Strukturdämpfung von Hybrid‐Türmen für Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Rodenhausen Moritz , Obradovic Dragan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWindenergieanlagen werden in Deutschland mit immer größeren Türmen installiert. Die Anforderungen an die strukturelle Auslegung werden ebenfalls immer größer – insbesondere weil wirtschaftliche Aspekte im Fokus stehen. Da Windenergieanlagen zunehmend mit variabler Drehzahl betrieben werden, besteht bei der Auslegung der Türme ein großes Interesse, Lasterhöhungen durch Resonanzen zu vermeiden. Dieser Artikel erörtert den Einfluss der strukturellen Dämpfung auf die mechanischen Lasten von Hybrid‐Türmen. Ein Vorschlag für eine vereinfachte Methode zur Berechnung der strukturellen Dämpfung von Hybrid‐Türmen wird gemacht, welche durch verschiedene Messmethoden validiert wurde.
An exploration of psychotherapists’ experiences in medically driven cancer care settings
Authors: Reitano Giovanna 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimThis study explored psychotherapists’ experiences of medical language used in cancer care settings and the implications for counselling clients in medically driven cancer settings.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with five psychotherapists. Data were collected using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).FindingsParticipants found medical language difficult to understand when communicating with health professionals within multidisciplinary teams (MDT). They also considered focusing on clients’ experiences and saw the therapeutic relationship as more relevant than having knowledge of medical language.Conclusions/ImplicationsKnowledge of medical language was found helpful when communicating with health professionals in MDT but was also a potential distraction from clients’ narratives, interfering with the therapeutic alliance. The question as to what extent, if at all, psychological therapists fit into the medical model, or the extent to which language and discourses of power within medical settings can impact on the clients–doctors–therapists’ relationship, remains open.
Counselling professionals’ awareness and understanding of female genital mutilation/cutting: Training needs for working therapeutically with survivors
Authors: Jackson Charlie 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is a dearth of literature that has looked at the psychological impact of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), and little is known about the understanding and awareness of FGM/C amongst counselling professionals.MethodAn online survey was completed by 2073 BACP members. The survey covered four broad themes: demographics; awareness and understanding of FGM/C; experience of working therapeutically with survivors; and FGM/C training. Descriptive and inferential analyses were undertaken on quantitative data, and thematic content analysis was undertaken on qualitative data.ResultsOnly a small proportion of respondents (10%) had knowingly worked with survivors of FGM/C. Overall, respondents lacked confidence in their awareness and understanding of FGM/C, including their safeguarding duties. Having cultural respect, knowledge and understanding was perceived as the most helpful factor when working with this client group. Less than a quarter of respondents had undertaken any training with regard to FGM/C, although the vast majority expressed a desire to do so.DiscussionThis research has highlighted the importance of improving signposting to existing training and educational resources around FGM/C, as well as the need to develop new resources where appropriate. The importance of embedding cultural competency into core practitioner training, not just training specific to FGM/C, is paramount.
Reporting Child Sexual Abuse within Religious Settings: Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Harper Craig A. , Perkins Colin 
Published: July 2017

The sexual abuse of children within religious settings is an issue that has gained increased popular and professional attention over the past two decades. Various reports have highlighted the scale of such abuse, along with shortcomings in reporting practices. In this article, we outline some contemporary research that sought to understand the psychology that underpins variable reporting practices. In line with this research, we set out two conceptual frameworks that have some potential to help to explain such practices: system justification theory and moral foundations theory. Further, we describe how these frameworks could be adopted in research moving forward in order to make sense of the ways in which members of religious groups respond to allegations of child sexual abuse within their institutions. We close the article by arguing that by gaining a deeper understanding of the psychology underlying reporting practices, it may be possible to communicate more effectively about child sexual abuse within religious institutions, and therefore encourage more widespread reporting of allegations before more children are harmed.‘We outline some contemporary research that sought to understand the psychology that underpins variable reporting practices’Key Practitioner Messages

Those most likely to observe or suspect child abuse in religious settings are themselves likely to participate in such settings.
The challenge for these ‘onlookers’ is to overcome the psychological dynamics that push against the recognition and reporting of child abuse in religious settings.
These dynamics can be understood via established psychological theories and frameworks.
Practitioners concerned with improving reporting practice in these contexts can draw on this work to inform training and intervention strategies.
Severe phenotype of X‐linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata
Authors: Damseh Nadirah , Chong Karen , Marshall Christian , Kratz Lisa , Teitelbaum Ronni , Shannon Patrick , Kannu Peter 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageA prenatally ascertained case representing the more severe end of the X‐linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX2).
Tourniquet‐induced common peroneal nerve injury in a pediatric patient after knee arthroscopy – raising the red flag
Authors: Saw Kah Ming , Hee Hwan Ing 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessagePeripheral nerve injury following the use of arterial tourniquets is a rare but potentially debilitating complication. Further education on the safe and appropriate practice of tourniquets is imperative to reduce the incidence of tourniquet‐related complications.
Left ventricular blood cyst in an adult case
Authors: Akutsu Hirohiko , Muraoka Arata , Misawa Yoshio 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageWe present a 57‐year‐old man with a 1.5‐cm‐diameter blood cyst in the left ventricle, which was incidentally detected by conventional diagnostic echocardiography before colon surgery. The cyst originated from the papillary muscle, and the pathological findings were compatible with a cardiac blood cyst.
Primary cardiac lymphoma with central nervous system relapse
Authors: van Rooijen Cleo R. , Scholtens Asbjorn M. , de Jong C. Niels , Saraber Colette E. , van de Donk Niels W. C. J. 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessagePrimary cardiac lymphoma (PCL), a rare disease, often presents with symptoms resembling other cardiac diseases. The correct diagnosis is crucial, as cardiac lymphoma can be cured with immuno‐chemotherapy. PCL has a high risk of central nervous system recurrence (CNS); therefore, screening for CNS involvement and even prophylaxis may be necessary.
Iodine‐Promoted Semmler–Wolff Reactions: Step‐Economic Access to meta‐Substituted Primary Anilines via Aromatization
Authors: Wang Shi‐Ke , You Xia , Zhao Da‐Yuan , Mou Neng‐Jie , Luo Qun‐Li 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn atom‐ and step‐economic access to an array of unprotected meta‐substituted primary anilines was disclosed using the Semmler–Wolff reaction, promoted by molecular iodine. Therein, noble metal catalysts and inert atmosphere are unnecessary while the forcing reaction conditions and the lengthy synthesis can be avoided. The synthetic utility of this approach is evident in the de novo syntheses of three bioactive molecules with good total yields.
Inversion of cpADH5 Enantiopreference and Altered Chain Length Specificity for Methyl 3‐Hydroxyalkanoates
Authors: Ensari Yunus , Dhoke Gaurao V. , Davari Mehdi D. , Bocola Marco , Ruff Anna Joëlle , Schwaneberg Ulrich 
Published: July 2017

AbstractExpanding the substrate scope of enzymes opens up new routes for synthesis of valuable chemicals. Ketone‐functionalized fatty acid derivatives and corresponding chiral alcohols are valuable building blocks for the synthesis of a variety of chemicals including pharmaceuticals. The alcohol dehydrogenase from Candida parapsilosis (cpADH5) catalyzes the reversible oxidations of chiral alcohols and has a broad substrate range; a challenge for cpADH5 is to convert alcohols with small substituents (methyl or ethyl) next to the oxidized alcohol moiety. Molecular docking studies revealed that W286 is located in the small binding pocket and limits the access to substrates that contain aliphatic chains longer than ethyl substituent. In the current manuscript, we report that positions L119 and W286 are key residues to boost oxidation of medium chain methyl 3‐hydroxy fatty acids; interestingly the enantiopreference toward methyl 3‐hydroxybutyrate was inverted. Kinetic characterization of W286A showed a 5.5 fold increase of Vmax and a 9.6 fold decrease of Km values toward methyl 3‐hydroxyhexanoate (Vmax: 2.48 U mg− and Km: 4.76 mm). Simultaneous saturation at positions 119 and 286 library yielded a double mutant (L119M/W286S) with more than 30‐fold improved activity toward methyl 3‐hydroxyoctanoate (WT: no conversion; L119M/W286S: 30 %) and inverted enantiopreference (S‐enantiomer ≥99 % activity decrease and R‐enantiomer >20‐fold activity improvement) toward methyl 3‐hydroxybutyrate.
A multidimensional view of racial differences in access to prostate cancer care
Authors: Pollack Craig Evan , Armstrong Katrina A. , Mitra Nandita , Chen Xinwei , Ward Katelyn R. , Radhakrishnan Archana , Wong Michelle S. , Bekelman Justin E. , Branas Charles C. , Rhodes Karin V. , Grande David T. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDRacial disparities in prostate cancer treatment and outcomes are widespread and poorly understood. In the current study, the authors sought to determine whether access to care, measured across multiple dimensions, contributed to racial differences in prostate cancer.METHODSThe Philadelphia Area Prostate Cancer Access Study (P2 Access) included 2374 men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer between 2012 and 2014. Men were surveyed to assess their experiences accessing care (response rate of 51.1%). The authors determined appointment availability at 151 urology practices using simulated patient telephone calls and calculated travel distances using geospatial techniques. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the association between 5 different domains of access (availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability, and acceptability) and receipt of treatment, perceived quality of care, and physician‐patient communication.RESULTSThere were 1907 non‐Hispanic white and 394 black men in the study cohort. Overall, approximately 85% of the men received definitive treatment with no differences noted by race. Black men were less likely to report a high quality of care (69% vs 81%; P<.001) and good physician‐patient communication (60% vs 71%; P<.001) compared with white men. In adjusted models, none of the 5 domains of access were found to be associated with definitive treatment overall or with radical prostatectomy. All access domains were associated with perceived quality of care and communication, although these domains did not mediate racial disparities.CONCLUSIONSTo the authors' knowledge, the current study presents the first comprehensive assessment of prostate cancer care access, treatment, and patient experience, demonstrating that although access was related to overall perceived quality of care and better physician‐patient communication, it did not appear to explain observed racial differences. Cancer 2017;123:4449‐57. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
GABA‐, histamine‐, and FMRFamide‐immunoreactivity in the visual, vestibular and central nervous systems ofHermissenda crassicornis
Authors: Webber Marissa P. , Thomson James W. S. , Buckland‐Nicks Johnny , Croll Roger P. , Wyeth Russell C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHermissenda crassicornisis a model for studying the molecular and cellular basis for classical conditioning, based on its ability to associate light with vestibular stimulation. We used confocal microscopy to map histamine (HA), FMRF‐amide, and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity in the central nervous system (CNS), eyes, optic ganglia and statocysts of the nudibranchs. For HA immunoreactivity, we documented both consistently and variably labeled CNS structures across individuals. We also noted minor differences in GABA immunoreactivity in the CNS compared to previous work onHermissenda. Contrary to expectations, we found no evidence for GABA inside the visual or vestibular systems. Instead, we found only FMRFamide‐ and HA immunoreactivity (FMRFamide: 4 optic ganglion cells, 4–5 hair cells; HA: 3 optic ganglion cells, 8 hair cells). Overall, our results can act as basis for comparisons of nervous systems across nudibranchs, and suggest further exploration of intraspecific plasticity versus evolutionary changes in gastropod nervous systems.
Amperometric Detection of dsDNA Using an Acridine‐Orange‐Modified Glucose Oxidase
Authors: Jambrec Daliborka , Lammers Klaus , Bobrowski Tim , Pöller Sascha , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Ruff Adrian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the present “genomic era” and in the developing world of DNA chips, DNA detection based on intercalation of specific molecules is of particular interest because the detection process is largely independent of the sequence of the target DNA. In this work, an acridine‐orange‐based intercalation compound, which was tethered to deglycosylated glucose oxidase was synthesized ad hoc and investigated for its ability to interact with dsDNA. Amperometric detection of DNA hybridization was achieved by signal amplification based on the catalytic oxidation of glucose by DNA‐bound glucose oxidase. A clear distinction between dsDNA and ssDNA was achieved by careful design of a DNA‐modified electrode surface and prevention of nonspecific adsorption of the acridine‐orange‐modified enzyme by implementing a potential‐assisted immobilization method.
Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation from Water over CdS Nanoparticles Confined Within an Alumina Matrix
Authors: Zhou Peng , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Zeyan , Wang Peng , Qin Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaoyang , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this work, CdS nanoparticles embedded in an alumina matrix were successfully synthesized using layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as the precursor and template, denoted as CdSLDH. The as‐prepared CdSLDH were characterized by XRD, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, TEM, HRTEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence and time‐resolved fluorescence spectra. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate over CdSLDH is much higher than its counterpart without the alumina matrix, that is, almost two times higher under the same conditions. The enhanced hydrogen generation performance can be attributed to the segregation and growth‐inhibiting effects of the alumina matrix. In addition, CdSLDH also displays strong fluorescence properties and a long lifetime of photogenerated charge carriers.