bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hip- and Trunk-Muscle Activation Patterns During Perturbed Gait
Authors: Stanek Justin M. , McLoda Todd A. , Csiszer Val J. , Hansen A.J. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Selected muscles in the kinetic chain may help explain the body’s ability to avert injury during unexpected perturbation.Objective:To determine the activation of the ipsilateral rectus femoris (RF), gluteus maximus (MA), gluteus medius (ME), and contralateral external obliques (EO) during normal and perturbed gait.Design:Single-factor, repeated measures.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:32 physically active, college-age subjects.Intervention:Subjects walked a total of 20 trials the length of a 6.1-m custom runway capable of releasing either side into 30° of unexpected inversion. During 5 trials, the platform released into inversion.Main Outcome Measures:Average, peak, and time to peak EMG were analyzed across the 4 muscles, and comparisons were made between the walking trials and perturbed trials.Results:Significantly higher average and peak muscle activity were noted for the perturbed condition for RF, MA, and EO. Time to peak muscle activity was faster during the perturbed condition for the EO.Conclusion:Rapid contractions of selected postural muscles in the kinetic chain help explain the body’s reaction to unexpected perturbation.
An Exploration of Athletes’ Views on Their Adherence to Physiotherapy Rehabilitation After Sport Injury
Authors: Marshall Andy , Donovan-Hall Maggie , Ryall Steve 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To explore athletes’ perceptions of the factors that they feel may affect their adherence to a physiotherapy intervention.Design:A qualitative design using semistructured interviews.Setting:Participants were interviewed at home or their athletic club.Participants:8 participants, 5 men and 3 women with a mean age of 30.4 y.Results:Thematic analysis revealed 2 main categories of themes. The first relates to the athlete’s perceptions of factors affecting his or her own adherence, with themes including the impact of injury, justification of adherence, and strategies used by the patient. The second relates to perceptions of the physiotherapist’s impact on adherence, with themes relating to characteristics of and strategies used by the physiotherapist.Conclusions:Findings demonstrate the importance of exploring patients’ perceptions of adherence. A number of factors that affect adherence are identified, and strategies that may enhance adherence suggested.
Tendon Structure’s Lack of Relation to Clinical Outcome After Eccentric Exercises in Chronic Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: de Vos Robert J. , Heijboer Marinus P. , Weinans Harrie , Verhaar Jan A.N. , van Schie Hans T.M. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy is a common and hard-to-treat disorder characterized by degenerative changes of the tendon matrix. Ultrasonographic tissue characterization (UTC) was successfully used to quantify structural human Achilles tendon changes. This novel and reliable technique could be used in follow-up studies to relate tendon structure to symptoms.Objective:To quantify structural tendon changes and assess clinical change in patients with tendinopathy.Design:Prospective observational study.Setting:Orthopedic department in a university medical center.Patients:23 patients with chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy.Intervention:The patients performed a 16-wk home-based eccentric exercise program. An experienced researcher performed the ultrasonographic data collection with the UTC procedure. These data were assessed by a blinded observer. The severity of symptoms was established with the validated Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire.Main Outcome Measures:UTC was performed to quantify tendon structure through measuring the proportion of 4 echo types. Echo types I and II represent more or less organized tendon bundles, and echo types III and IV represent disintegrated tendon structure. On the VISA-A, the total possible score is divided by 100 for a percentage score, with a perfect score of 100. Follow-up was at 2, 8, 16, and 24 wk.Results:The mean percentage of echo types I and II changed by 0.3% after 24 wk (P = .92, 95% CI −5.8 to 5.3). The mean VISA-A score increased slightly but significantly by 11.3 points after 24 wk (P = .01, 95% CI 2.6–20.0). An increased VISA-A score was not correlated with an increased percentage of echo types I and II (P = .94, r = −.02), and the baseline percentage of echo types I and II did not correlate with an increased VISA-A score (P = .74, r = .07).Conclusions:There is no short-term increase in organized tendon structure after eccentric exercises. Tendon structure is not related to symptom severity and cannot be used as a predictor of clinical outcome.
Dynamic-Position-Sense Impairment’s Independence of Perceived Knee Function in Women With ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Littmann Andrew E. , Iguchi Masaki , Madhavan Sangeetha , Kolarik Jamie L. , Shields Richard K. 
Published: August 2016

Context:There is conflicting evidence in the literature regarding whether women with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) demonstrate impaired proprioception. This study examined dynamic-position-sense accuracy and central-nervous-system (CNS) processing time between those with and without long-term ACLR.Objective:To compare proprioception of knee movement in women with ACLR and healthy controls.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:Human neuromuscular performance laboratory.Participants:11 women (age 22.64 ± 2.4 y) with ACLR (1.6–5.8 y postsurgery) and 20 women without (age 24.05 ± 1.4 y).Interventions:The authors evaluated subjects using 3 methods to assess position sense. During knee flexion at pseudorandomly selected speeds (40°, 60°, 80°, 90°, and 100°/s), subjects indicated with their index finger when their knee reached a predetermined target angle (50°). Accuracy was calculated as an error score. CNS processing time was computed using the time to detect movement and the minimum time of angle indication. Passive and active joint-position sense were also determined at a slow velocity (3°/s) from various knee-joint starting angles.Main Outcome Measurements:Absolute and constant error of target angle, indication accuracy, CNS processing time, and perceived function.Results:Both subject groups showed similar levels of error during dynamic-position-sense testing, despite continued differences in perceived knee function. Estimated CNS processing time was 260 ms for both groups. Joint-position sense during slow active or passive movement did not differ between cohorts.Conclusions:Control and ACLR subjects demonstrated similar dynamic, passive, and active joint-position-sense error and CNS processing speed even though ACLR subjects reported greater impairment of function. The impairment of proprioception is independent of post-ACLR perception of function.
Effects of Respiratory-Muscle Exercise on Spinal Curvature
Authors: Obayashi Hiromune , Urabe Yukio , Yamanaka Yuki , Okuma Ryo 
Published: August 2016

Design:Randomized controlled study.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:26 healthy swimmers randomly assigned to an exercise (n = 13; Ex) or control group (n = 13; Cont).Intervention:The Ex group performed respiratory-muscle exercises for 10 min thrice a week for 4 wk.Context:Respiratory-muscle exercises are used not only in the rehabilitation of patients with respiratory disease but also in endurance training for athletes. Respiration involves the back and abdominal muscles. These muscles are 1 of the elements responsible for posture control, which is integral to injury prevention and physical performance. However, the effects of respiratory-muscle exercise on posture remain unclear.Objective:To examine the potential of respiratory-muscle exercise for improving posture.Main Outcome Measures:Spinal curvature, pulmonary function, and trunk-muscle strength were measured for both the groups at baseline and after 4 wk. The data were compared between the Ex and Cont groups with Mann–Whitney U test and preintervention and postintervention within groups with a Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test.Results and Conclusion:The spinal curvature was significantly different in the Ex group, indicating a decrease in the thoracic (−13.1%, P < .01) and lumbar (−17.7%, P < .05) angles. The Ex group presented with lower thoracic (−8.6%) and lumbar (−20.9%) angles at postexercise than the Cont group (P < .05). With respect to trunk-muscle strength, only trunk-flexion strength significantly increased from pretest to posttest in the Ex group (P < .05). For pulmonary function, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1.0 s were significantly increased after 4 wk in the Ex group (P < .05). The results suggest that respiratory-muscle exercise straightened the spine, leading to good posture control, possibly because of contraction of abdominal muscles.
Reliability of 2-Dimensional Video Assessment of Frontal-Plane Dynamic Knee Valgus During Common Athletic Screening Tasks
Authors: Munro Allan , Herrington Lee , Carolan Michael 
Published: August 2016

Context:Two-dimensional (2D) video analysis of frontal-plane dynamic knee valgus during common athletic screening tasks has been purported to identify individuals who may be at high risk of suffering knee injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament tear or patellofemoral pain syndrome. Although the validity of 2D video analysis has been studied, the associated reliability and measurement error have not.Objective:To assess the reliability and associated measurement error of a 2D video analysis of lower limb dynamic valgus.Design:Reliability study.Participants:20 recreationally active university students (10 women age 21.5 ± 2.3 y, height 170.1 ± 6.1 cm, weight 66.2 ± 10.2 kg, and 10 men age 22.6 ± 3.1 y, height 177.9 ± 6.0 cm, weight 75.8 ± 7.9 kg).Main Outcome Measurement:Within-day and between-days reliability and measurement-error values of 2D frontal-plane projection angle (FPPA) during common screening tasks.Interventions:Participants performed single-leg squat and drop jump and single-leg landings from a standard 28-cm step with standard 2D digital video camera assessment.Results:Women demonstrated significantly higher FPPA in all tests except the left single-leg squat. Within-day ICCs showed good reliability and ranged from .59 to .88, and between-days ICCs were good to excellent, ranging from .72 to .91. Standard error of measurement and smallest detectable difference values ranged from 2.72° to 3.01° and 7.54° to 8.93°, respectively.Conclusions:2D FPPA has previously been shown to be valid and has now also been shown to be a reliable measure of lower extremity dynamic knee valgus. Using the measurement error values presented along with previously published normative data, clinicians can now make informed judgments about individual performance and changes in performance resulting from interventions.
No Difference in Gluteus Medius Activation in Women With Mild Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: O’Sullivan Kieran , Herbert Ellen , Sainsbury David , McCreesh Karen , Clifford Amanda 
Published: August 2016

Context:The gluteus medius (Gmed) is proposed to consist of 3 functional subdivisions (anterior, middle, and posterior). Gmed weakness and dysfunction have been implicated in numerous lower extremity disorders, including patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). PFPS is a knee condition that frequently occurs in females and is associated with activities such as squatting and stair climbing. There is a lack of evidence for the role of the subdivisions of the Gmed in females with and without PFPS.Objective:To compare muscle activation in the 3 Gmed subdivisions during 4 weight-bearing exercises in women with and without PFPS.Design:Single-session, repeated-measures observational study.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:Convenience sample of 12 women with PFPS and 12 age- and gender-matched asymptomatic controls.Intervention:Participants performed 4 weight-bearing exercises (wall press, pelvic drop, step-up-and-over, and unilateral squat) 3 times while surface electromyography (sEMG) activity of the Gmed segments was recorded.Main Outcome Measures:sEMG muscle activity for each functional subdivision of the Gmed during each weight-bearing exercise was analyzed using a mixed between–within-subjects ANOVA (post hoc Bonferroni).Results:No statistically significant differences in muscle activation were found between the PFPS and healthy participants (P = .97). Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences between the exercises (P = .19) or muscle fibers (P = .36) independent of group analyzed. However, the activation of the subdivisions varied according to the exercise performed (P = .003).Conclusions:Similar levels of muscle activation were recorded in the Gmed subdivisions of the PFPS and healthy participants during the different exercises. This is the first study to examine all 3 Gmed subdivisions in PFPS. Future studies using larger sample sizes should also investigate onset and duration of muscle activation in all Gmed subdivisions in both healthy individuals and those with PFPS.
Physiological Responses, Rating of Perceived Exertion, and Stride Characteristics During Walking on Dry Land and Walking in Water, Both With and Without a Water Current
Authors: Masumoto Kenji , Hamada Ayako , Tomonaga Hiro-omi , Kodama Kana , Hotta Noboru 
Published: August 2016

Context:Walking in water has been included in rehabilitation programs. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the influence of a water current on physiological responses, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and stride characteristics of subjects while they walk in water.Objective:To compare physiological responses, RPE, and stride characteristics of subjects walking in water (with and without a current) with those of subjects walking on dry land.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:7 male adults (mean age = 21.6 y).Intervention:Subjects walked on a treadmill on dry land and on an underwater treadmill immersed to the level of the xiphoid process. The walking speeds in water were set to be half of that on dry land.Main Outcome Measures:Oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory-exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (VE), RPE (for breathing and legs, RPE-Br and RPE-Legs, respectively), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, and stride frequency (SF) were measured. In addition, stride length (SL) was calculated.Results:There was no significant difference in the VO2, RER, HR, VE, RPE-Br, and RPE-Legs while walking in water with a current compared with walking on dry land (P > .05). Furthermore, VO2, RER, HR, VE, RPE-Br, RPE-Legs, SF, and SBP while walking in water were significantly higher with a water current than without (P < .05).Conclusions:These observations suggest that half the speed should be required to work at the similar metabolic costs and RPE while walking in water with a current, compared with walking on dry land. Furthermore, it was suggested that the physiological responses and RPE would be higher while walking in water with a current than without.
Presentation and Conservative Management of Acute Calcific Tendinopathy: A Case Study and Literature Review
Authors: Scibek Jason S. , Carcia Christopher R. 
Published: August 2016

Background:The efficacy of a variety of noninvasive, conservative management techniques for calcific tendinopathy has been investigated and established for improving pain and function and/or facilitating a decrease in the size or presence of calcium deposits. Surprisingly, few have reported on the use of traditional therapeutic exercise and rehabilitation alone in the management of this condition, given the often spontaneous resorptive nature of calcium deposits. The purpose of this case is to present the results of a conservative approach, including therapeutic exercise, for the management of calcific tendinopathy of the supraspinatus, with an emphasis on patient outcomes.Case Description:The patient was a self-referred 41-y-old man with complaints of acute right-shoulder pain and difficulty sleeping. Imaging studies revealed liquefied calcium deposits in the right supraspinatus. The patient reported constant pain at rest (9/10) and tenderness in the area of the greater tuberosity. He exhibited a decrease in all shoulder motions and had reduced strength. The simple shoulder test (SST) revealed limited function (0/12). Conservative management included superficial modalities and medication for pain and a regimen of scapulothoracic and glenohumeral range-of-motion (ROM) and strengthening exercises.Outcomes:At discharge, pain levels decreased to 0/10 and SST scores increased to 12/12. ROM was full in all planes, and resisted motion was strong and pain free. The patient was able to engage in endurance activities and continue practicing as a health care provider.Discussion:The outcomes with respect to pain, function, and patient satisfaction provide evidence to support the use of conservative therapeutic interventions when managing patients with acute cases of calcific tendinopathy. Successful management of calcific tendinopathy requires attention to outcomes and an understanding of the pathophysiology, prognostic factors, and physical interventions based on the current stage of the calcium deposits and the patient’s status in the healing continuum.
Quadriceps Strength and Corticospinal Excitability as Predictors of Disability After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Pietrosimone Brian G. , Lepley Adam S. , Ericksen Hayley M. , Gribble Phillip A. , Levine Jason 
Published: August 2016

Background:Disability is common in a proportion of patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). Neuromuscular quadriceps deficits are a hallmark impairment after ACL-R, yet the link between muscle function and disability is not understood.Purposes:To evaluate the ability of quadriceps strength and cortical excitability to predict self-reported disability in patients with ACL-R.Methods:Fifteen participants with a history of ACL-R (11 female, 4 male; 172 ± 9.8 cm, 70.4 ± 17.5 kg, 54.4 ± 40.9 mo postsurgery) were included in this study. Corticospinal excitability was assessed using active motor thresholds (AMT), while strength was assessed with maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC). Both voluntary strength and corticospinal excitability were used to predict disability measured with the International Knee Documentation Committee Index (IKDC).Results:The overall multiple-regression model significantly predicted 66% of the variance in self-reported disability as measured by the IKDC index (R2 = .66, P = .01). Initial imputation of MVIC into the model accounted for 61% (R2 = .61, P = .01) of the variance in IKDC. The subsequent addition of AMT into the model accounted for an insignificant increase of 5% (Δ R2 = .05, P = .19) in the prediction capability of the model.Conclusions:Quadriceps voluntary strength and cortical excitability predicted two-thirds of the variance in disability of patients with ACL-R, with strength accounting for virtually all of the predictive capability of the model.
Immediate Effect of Kinesio Taping on Muscle Response in Young Elite Soccer Players
Authors: de Hoyo Moisés , Álvarez-Mesa Alejandro , Sañudo Borja , Carrasco Luis , Domínguez Sergio 
Published: August 2016

Context:Kinesio taping (KT) is a new taping technique increasingly used in sports medicine to improve muscle performance; however, its real effect is not entirely known.Objective:To assess the immediate effects of KT on muscle performance in young healthy elite soccer players.Design:Crossover study.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:Eighteen young elite soccer players voluntarily participated in the study (mean ± SEM: age 18.20 ± 2.45 y, height 1.76 ± 3.56 m, body mass 65.25 ± 3.76 kg, body-mass index 20.12 ± 1.25 kg/m2).Interventions:Each subject completed 2 different protocols, with and without KT. Interventions were performed in a random order, with a washout period between conditions of 1 wk.Main Outcome Measures:Outcome measures included tensiomyographic response in the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis, power output with 30 and 50 kg, countermovement jump, and 10-m sprint.Results:Data showed no significant differences for any of the outcomes analyzed between interventions.Conclusions:KT does not produce a short-term improvement in muscle performance in young elite soccer players.
Two Stretching Treatments for the Hamstrings: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Versus Kinesio Taping
Authors: Chen Che-Hsiu , Huang Tsun-Shun , Chai Huei-Ming , Jan Mei-Hwa , Lin Jiu-Jenq 
Published: August 2016

Context:Recent studies have shown that the static stretch (SS) may adversely affect leg-muscle performance.Objectives:The authors examined the short-term effects of 2 stretching exercises on hamstrings muscle before and after exercise.Design:Crossover.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:9 healthy, physically active men.Interventions:There were 3 protocols in a randomized order with a 7-d interval: nonstretching (CON protocol), hamstrings static stretching (SS) with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), and SS with kinesio-taping application on the hamstrings.Main Outcome Measures:Outcome measures included first-felt and maximum tolerant-felt range of motion (FROM and TROM), maximal knee-flexion peak torque (PT) at 180°/s, and hamstrings muscle stiffness.Results:Groups were not different at prestretching in terms of hamstrings flexibility, PT, and muscle stiffness. At poststretching, both stretching protocols showed significant increases in FROM and TROM (P < .05). Stiffer hamstrings muscle and decreased PT were found in both SS+PNF and CON protocols (P < .05). However, there was no significant difference in the SS+Taping protocol (P > .05).Conclusion:The stretching protocols improve hamstrings flexibility immediately, but after exercise hamstrings peak torque is diminished in the SS+PNF but not in the SS+Taping group. This means that SS+Taping can prevent negative results from exercise, which may prevent muscle injury.
Effect of Foot Orthoses as Treatment for Plantar Fasciitis or Heel Pain
Authors: Anderson Jordan , Stanek Justin 
Published: August 2016

Clinical Scenario:Plantar fasciitis is a debilitating and painful problem present in the general population. It most often presents with moderate to severe pain in the proximal inferior heel region and is most commonly associated with repeated trauma to the plantar fascia. Plantar fasciitis, itself, is an injury at the site of attachment at the medial tubercle of the calcaneus, often due to excessive and repetitive traction. Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain and is estimated to affect 2 million people in the United States alone.Focused Clinical Question:For adults suffering from plantar fasciitis, are foot orthoses a viable treatment option to reduce pain?