bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (Lrrk2)-Sensitive Na+/K+ ATPase Activity in Dendritic Cells
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Zohreh , Singh Yogesh , Shimshek Derya R. , van der Putten Herman , Wagner Carsten A. , Lang Florian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLeucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (Lrrk2) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. Lrrk2 is expressed in diverse cells including neurons and dendritic cells (DCs). In DCs Lrrk2 was shown to up-regulate Na+/Ca2+-exchanger activity. The elimination of Ca2+ by Na+/Ca2+ -exchangers requires maintenance of the Na+ gradient by the Na+/K+ -ATPase. The present study thus explored whether Lrrk2 impacts on Na+/K+ -ATPase expression and function. To this end DCs were isolated from gene-targeted mice lacking Lrrk2 (Lrrk2−/−) and their wild-type littermates (Lrrk2+/+). Na+/K+ -ATPase activity was estimated from K+ induced, ouabain sensitive, current determined by whole cell patch clamp. Na+/K+ -ATPase α1 subunit transcript and protein levels were determined by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. As a result, the K+ induced current was significantly smaller in Lrrk2−/− than in Lrrk2+/+ DCs and was completely abolished by ouabain (100 μM) in both genotypes. The K+ induced, ouabain sensitive, current in Lrrk2+/+ DCs was significantly blunted by Lrrk2 inhibitor GSK2578215A (1 μM, 24 hours). The Na+/K+ -ATPase α1 subunit transcript and protein levels were significantly lower in Lrrk2−/− than in Lrrk2+/+ DCs and significantly decreased by Lrrk2 inhibitor GSK2578215A (1 μM, 24 hours). In conclusion, Lrrk2 is a powerful regulator of Na+/K+ -ATPase expression and activity in dendritic cells.
Change in microbial community in landfill refuse contaminated with antibiotics facilitates denitrification more than the increase in ARG over long-term
Authors: Wu Dong , Chen Guanzhou , Zhang Xiaojun , Yang Kai , Xie Bing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this study, the addition of sulfamethazine (SMT) to landfill refuse decreased nitrogen intermediates (e.g. N2O and NO) and dinitrogen (N2) gas fluxes to <0.5 μg-N/kg-refuse·h−1, while the N2O and N2 flux were at ~1.5 and 5.0 μg-N/kg-refuse·h−1 respectively in samples to which oxytetracycline (OTC) had been added. The ARG (antibiotic resistance gene) levels in the refuse increased tenfold after long-term exposure to antibiotics, followed by a fourfold increase in the N2 flux, but SMT-amended samples with the largest resistome facilitated the denitrification (the nitrogen accumulated as NO gas at ~6 μg-N/kg-refuse·h−1) to a lesser extent than OTC-amended samples. Further, deep sequencing results show that long-term OTC exposure partially substituted Hyphomicrobium, Fulvivirga, and Caldilinea (>5%) for the dominant bacterial hosts (Rhodothermus, ~20%) harboring nosZ and norB genes that significantly correlated with nitrogen emission pattern, while sulfamethazine amendment completely reduced the relative abundance of the “original inhabitants” functioning to produce NOx gas reduction. The main ARG carriers (Pseudomonas) that were substantially enriched in the SMT group had lower levels of denitrifying functional genes, which could imply that denitrification is influenced more by bacterial dynamics than by abundance of ARGs under antibiotic pressures.
A New Efficient Hybrid Intelligent Model for Biodegradation Process of DMP with Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Networks
Authors: Huang Mingzhi , Zhang Tao , Ruan Jujun , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA new efficient hybrid intelligent approach based on fuzzy wavelet neural network (FWNN) was proposed for effectively modeling and simulating biodegradation process of Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (AAO) wastewater treatment process. With the self learning and memory abilities of neural networks (NN), handling uncertainty capacity of fuzzy logic (FL), analyzing local details superiority of wavelet transform (WT) and global search of genetic algorithm (GA), the proposed hybrid intelligent model can extract the dynamic behavior and complex interrelationships from various water quality variables. For finding the optimal values for parameters of the proposed FWNN, a hybrid learning algorithm integrating an improved genetic optimization and gradient descent algorithm is employed. The results show, compared with NN model (optimized by GA) and kinetic model, the proposed FWNN model have the quicker convergence speed, the higher prediction performance, and smaller RMSE (0.080), MSE (0.0064), MAPE (1.8158) and higher R2 (0.9851) values. which illustrates FWNN model simulates effluent DMP more accurately than the mechanism model.
Persistence of strong and switchable ferroelectricity despite vacancies
Authors: Raeliarijaona Aldo , Fu Huaxiang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractVacancies play a pivotal role in affecting ferroelectric polarization and switching properties, and there is a possibility that ferroelectricity may be utterly eliminated when defects render the system metallic. However, sufficient quantitative understandings of the subject have been lacking for decades due to the fact that vacancies in ferroelectrics are often charged and polarization in charged systems is not translationally invariant. Here we perform first-principles studies to investigate the influence of vacancies on ferroelectric polarization and polarization switching in prototypical BaTiO3 of tetragonal symmetry. We demonstrate using the modern theory of polarization that, in contrast to common wisdom, defective BaTiO3 with a large concentration of vacancies "Equation missing" (or "Equation missing", or "Equation missing") possesses a strong nonzero electric polarization. Breaking of Ti-O bonds is found to have little effect on the magnitude of polarization, which is striking. Furthermore, a previously unrecognized microscopic mechanism, which is particularly important when vacancies are present, is proposed for polarization switching. The mechanism immediately reveals that (i) the switching barrier in the presence of "Equation missing" is small with ΔE = 8.3 meV per bulk formula cell, and the polarization is thus switchable even when vacancies exist; (ii) The local environment of vacancy is surprisingly insignificant in polarization switching. These results provide profound new knowledge and will stimulate more theoretical and experimental interest on defect physics in FEs.
Noise-tunable nonlinearity in a dispersively coupled diffusion-resonator system using superconducting circuits
Authors: Rhén Christin , Isacsson Andreas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe harmonic oscillator is one of the most widely used model systems in physics: an indispensable theoretical tool in a variety of fields. It is well known that an otherwise linear oscillator can attain novel and nonlinear features through interaction with another dynamical system. We investigate such an interacting system: a superconducting LC-circuit dispersively coupled to a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). We find that the SQUID phase behaves as a classical two-level system, whose two states correspond to one linear and one nonlinear regime for the LC-resonator. As a result, the circuit’s response to forcing can become multistable. The strength of the nonlinearity is tuned by the level of noise in the system, and increases with decreasing noise. This tunable nonlinearity could potentially find application in the field of sensitive detection, whereas increased understanding of the classical harmonic oscillator is relevant for studies of the quantum-to-classical crossover of Jaynes-Cummings systems.
Escape rate and diffusion of a Stochastically Driven particle
Authors: Piscitelli Antonio , Pica Ciamarra Massimo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe dynamical properties of a tracer repeatedly colliding with heat bath particles can be described within a Langevin framework provided that the tracer is more massive than the bath particles, and that the collisions are frequent. Here we consider the escape of a particle from a potential well, and the diffusion coefficient in a periodic potential, without making these assumptions. We have thus investigated the dynamical properties of a Stochastically Driven particle that moves under the influence of the confining potential in between successive collisions with the heat bath. In the overdamped limit, both the escape rate and the diffusion coefficient coincide with those of a Langevin particle. Conversely, in the underdamped limit the two dynamics have a different temperature dependence. In particular, at low temperature the Stochastically Driven particle has a smaller escape rate, but a larger diffusion coefficient.
The Use of Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Grafting in Different Degrees of Obesity
Authors: Hassanein Wael , Ennker Jürgen , Keshk Noha , Bauer Stefan , Sodian Ralf , Hegazy Yasser 
Published: January 2017

Background Obesity is a limiting factor for the use of bilateral internal mammary arteries (BIMAs). Therefore, we assessed the safety of their use in different degrees of obesity.
Patients and Methods We studied two groups of patients with obesity using propensity matching. The first group received single internal mammary artery and saphenous vein grafts (SIMA group, 526 patients) and the second group received bilateral internal mammary arteries (BIMA group, 526 patients). Patients were classified further according to their body mass index (BMI) into overweight (BMI = 25–29.9 kg/m2), obese (BMI = 30–34.9 kg/m2), and severely obese (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2).
Results Preoperative data were similar regarding age (62.78 ± 9.96 vs. 62.98 ± 9.66 years; p = 0.734), female sex (17.5 vs. 18.6%; p = 0.631), diabetes mellitus (26.3 vs. 27.2%; p = 0.74), EuroSCORE (3.21 ± 2.23 vs. 3.18 ± 2.41; p = 0.968), and COPD (16 vs. 16%; p = 1). No significant differences were noticed between the two groups regarding the number of peripheral anastomoses (3.09 ± 0.84 vs. 3.12 ± 0.83; p = 0.633), myocardial infarction (1.7 vs. 1.7%; p = 1), reexploration (1.3 vs. 2.1%; p = 0.34), deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) (2.1 vs. 2.9%; p = 0.43), and 30-day mortality (0.8 vs. 1.1%; p = 0.53). Multivariate analysis identified BMI and intensive care unit stay as independent predictors for DSWI. However, postoperative blood loss (694.56 ± 631.84 vs. 811.67 ± 688.73 mL; p < 0.001) and the incidence of pneumothorax (1 vs. 2.7%; p = 0.037) were higher in BIMA group.
Conclusion Patients with obesity can benefit from BIMA grafting. However, postoperative blood loss and the incidence of pneumothorax can be higher using this technique.
Near-perfect broadband absorption from hyperbolic metamaterial nanoparticles
Authors: Riley Conor T. , Smalley Joseph S. T. , Brodie Jeffrey R. J. , Fainman Yeshaiahu , Sirbuly Donald J. , Liu Zhaowei 
Published: January 2017

Significance
The ability to perfectly absorb light with optically thin materials poses a significant challenge for many applications such as camouflage, light detection, and energy harvesting. Current designs require planar reflectors that crack and delaminate after heating or flexing. Moreover, they cannot be transferred to more desirable substrates for mechanically flexible and low-cost applications. Although particulate-based materials overcome these challenges, broadband absorption from standalone systems has not been demonstrated. Here, a class of materials, transferrable hyperbolic metamaterial particles (THMMP), is introduced. When closely packed, these materials show broadband, selective, omnidirectional, perfect absorption. This is demonstrated with nanotubes made on a silicon substrate that exhibit near-perfect absorption at telecommunication wavelengths even after being transferred to a mechanically flexible, visibly transparent polymer.
Seasonal variations of infrasonic arrivals from long-term ground truth observations in Nevada and implication for event location
Authors: Negraru Petru , Golden Paul 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLong-term ground truth observations were collected at two infrasound arrays in Nevada to investigate how seasonal atmospheric variations affect the detection, traveltime and signal characteristics (azimuth, trace velocity, frequency content and amplitudes) of infrasonic arrivals at regional distances. The arrays were located in different azimuthal directions from a munition disposal facility in Nevada. FNIAR, located 154 km north of the source has a high detection rate throughout the year. Over 90 per cent of the detonations have traveltimes indicative of stratospheric arrivals, while tropospheric waveguides are observed from only 27 per cent of the detonations. The second array, DNIAR, located 293 km southeast of the source exhibits strong seasonal variations with high stratospheric detection rates in winter and the virtual absence of stratospheric arrivals in summer. Tropospheric waveguides and thermospheric arrivals are also observed for DNIAR. Modeling through the Naval Research Laboratory Ground to Space atmospheric sound speeds leads to mixed results: FNIAR arrivals are usually not predicted to be present at all (either stratospheric or tropospheric), while DNIAR arrivals are usually correctly predicted, but summer arrivals show a consistent traveltime bias. In the end, we show the possible improvement in location using empirically calibrated traveltime and azimuth observations. Using the Bayesian Infrasound Source Localization we show that we can decrease the area enclosed by the 90 per cent credibility contours by a factor of 2.5.
Single-Paper Meta-Analysis: Benefits for Study Summary, Theory Testing, and Replicability
Authors: McShane Blakeley B , Böckenholt Ulf 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A typical behavioral research paper features multiple studies of a common phenomenon that are analyzed solely in isolation. Because the studies are of a common phenomenon, this practice is inefficient and forgoes important benefits that can be obtained only by analyzing them jointly in a single-paper meta-analysis (SPM). To facilitate SPM, we introduce meta-analytic methodology that is user-friendly, widely applicable, and specially tailored to the SPM of the set of studies that appear in a typical behavioral research paper. Our SPM methodology provides important benefits for study summary, theory testing, and replicability that we illustrate via three case studies that include papers recently published in the Journal of Consumer Research and the Journal of Marketing Research. We advocate that authors of typical behavioral research papers use it to supplement the single-study analyses that independently examine the multiple studies in the body of their papers as well as the “qualitative meta-analysis” that verbally synthesizes the studies in the general discussion of their papers. When used as such, this requires only a minor modification of current practice. We provide an easy-to-use website that implements our SPM methodology.
A Mixed-Methods Analysis of a Novel Mistreatment Program for the Surgery Core Clerkship
Authors: Lau James N. , Mazer Laura M. , Liebert Cara A. , Bereknyei Merrell Sylvia , Lin Dana T. , Harris Ilene 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
To review mistreatment reports from before and after implementation of a mistreatment program, and student ratings of and qualitative responses to the program to evaluate the short-term impact on students.

Method
In January 2014, a video- and discussion-based mistreatment program was implemented for the surgery clerkship at the Stanford University School of Medicine. The program aims to help students establish expectations for the learning environment; create a shared and personal definition of mistreatment; and promote advocacy and empower ment to address mistreatment. Counts and types of mistreatment were compared from a year before (January–December 2013) and two years after (January 2014–December 2015) implementation. Students’ end-of-clerkship ratings and responses to open-ended questions were analyzed.

Results
From March 2014–December 2015, 141/164 (86%) students completed ratings, and all 47 (100%) students enrolled from January–August 2014 provided qualitative program evaluations. Most students rated the initial (108/141 [77%]) and final (120/141 [85%]) sessions as excellent or outstanding. In the qualitative analysis, students valued that the program helped establish expectations; allowed for sharing experiences; provided formal resources; and provided a supportive environment. Students felt the learning environment and culture were improved and reported increased interest in surgery. There were 14 mistreatment reports the year before the program, 9 in the program’s first year, and 4 in the second year.

Conclusions
The authors found a rotation-specific mistreatment program, focused on creating shared understanding about mistreatment, was well received among surgery clerkship students, and the number of mistreatment reports decreased each year following implementation.
Health Professions Education Scholarship Unit Leaders as Institutional Entrepreneurs
Authors: Varpio Lara , O’Brien Bridget , J. Durning Steven , van der Vleuten Cees , Gruppen Larry , ten Cate Olle , Humphrey-Murto Susan , Irby David M. , Hamstra Stanley J. , Hu Wendy 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Health professions education scholarship units (HPESUs) are organizational structures within which a group is substantively engaged in health professions education scholarship. Little research investigates the strategies employed by HPESU administrative leaders to secure and maintain HPESU success. Using institutional entrepreneurship as a theoretical lens, this study asks: Do HPESU administrative leaders act as institutional entrepreneurs (IEs)?

Method
This study recontextualizes two preexisting qualitative datasets that comprised interviews with leaders in health professions education in Canada (2011–2012) and Australia and New Zealand (2013–1014). Two researchers iteratively analyzed the data using the institutional entrepreneurship construct until consensus was achieved. A third investigator independently reviewed and contributed to the recontextualized analyses. A summary of the analyses was shared with all authors, and their feedback was incorporated into the final interpretations.

Results
HPESU leaders act as IEs in three ways. First, HPESU leaders construct arguments and position statements about how the HPESU resolves an institution’s problem(s). This theorization discourse justifies the existence and support of the HPESU. Second, the leaders strategically cultivate relationships with the leader of the institution within which the HPESU sits, the leaders of large academic groups with which the HPESU partners, and the clinician educators who want careers in health professions education. Third, the leaders work to increase the local visibility of the HPESU.

Conclusions
Practical insights into how institutional leaders interested in launching an HPESU can harness these findings are discussed.
OVERVIEW OF THE COMPLICATIONS OF HIGH MYOPIA
Authors: Ikuno Yasushi 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
High myopia is very common and one of the major causes of social blindness, especially in East Asian countries. It is characterized by axial length elongation, and induces various specific complications, including cataract formation, retinal detachment from peripheral retinal tears, myopic foveoschisis, macular hole with or without retinal detachment, peripapillary deformation, dome-shaped macula, choroidal/scleral thinning, myopic choroidal neovascularization, and glaucoma. This article will review these complications and discuss the current concepts relating to these complications and their treatments.

Conclusion:
This information will be helpful for the daily practice of treating myopic eyes.
The Use of Integra® Dermal Regeneration Template for the Orbital Exenteration Socket: A Novel Technique
Authors: Ozgonul Cem , Diniz Grisolia Ana Beatriz , Demirci Hakan 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
Integra® dermal regeneration template is a bilayer membrane system that acts as a scaffold for regenerating dermal skin cells. It is used for wound reconstruction following burns, extensive injuries, and a large tumor excision in multiple parts of the body. The dermal layer is made of porous matrix of bovine tendon collagen and glycosaminoglycan. The epidermal layer is made of polysiloxane layer. In this study, the authors evaluated the use of Integra® dermal regeneration template for the immediate reconstruction of the orbital exenteration socket.

Methods:
Five patients who underwent exenteration and immediate reconstruction of the socket with Integra® dermal regeneration template were included in this study. Demographic and clinical features, healing time, complications, and follow-up time were recorded.

Results:
The study included 4 male patients and 1 female patient with a mean age of 74 years (range, 49–87 years). The primary diagnoses were orbital extension of conjunctival melanoma in 2 patients, squamous cell carcinoma in 1 patient, and uveal melanoma in 1 patient, and aggressive orbital Wegener granulomatosis in 1 patient. There was no postoperative infection, necrosis, hematoma, or fluid accumulation in any patients. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 20 months (range, 11–42 months). The sockets were completely granulated by 4 weeks, and epithelized, getting ready for the prosthesis in 8 weeks.

Conclusions:
Integra® dermal regeneration template can be used for the immediate reconstruction of the socket following exenteration. It is easy to use, and provides a short healing time without any need for any additional reconstructive procedures.
Outcomes of the Suture “Pull-Through” Technique for Repair of Lateral Skull Base CSF Fistula and Encephaloceles
Authors: O’Connell Brendan P. , Hunter Jacob B. , Sweeney Alex D. , Thompson Reid C. , Chambless Lola B. , Wanna George B. , Rivas Alejandro 
Published: January 2017

Objective:
Describe the safety profile and surgical outcomes of a combined transmastoid-middle cranial fossa suture “pull-through” technique for repair of lateral skull base defects.

Study Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Tertiary care hospital.

Patients:
Patients undergoing surgery for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula and/or encephalocele.

Intervention:
Combined transmastoid and middle fossa approach using suture pull-through technique.

Main Outcome Measures:
The primary outcome measures of interest were recurrence of CSF fistula or encephalocele, and postoperative air-bone gap.

Results:
Twenty-six patients were included; mean age at surgery was 60 ± 14 years and 65% of patients were female. The majority of defects involved both the tegmen mastoideum and tympani (69%); multiple defects were present in 11 patients. Small craniotomy (2 × 3 cm) was performed and defects were repaired using composite grafts constructed with fascia, bone, and/or cartilage, and dural substitute affixed with suture. The suture tail was left long and passed from the middle fossa through the defect into the mastoid. At average follow-up of 8.3 months, no patients of recurrent CSF leak were noted. Significant improvements in both mean pure-tone average and air-bone gap were noted for the entire cohort (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively).

Conclusion:
A combined transmastoid-middle cranial fossa for the repair of lateral skull base CSF fistula and encephaloceles using the suture “pull-through” technique is efficacious and the complication profile is favorable. This method facilitates reliable placement of a composite graft in the center of lateral skull base defects through a small craniotomy that minimizes temporal lobe retraction.