bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms within the 8Q24 Region are Not Associated with the Risk of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Panic Nikola , Larghi Alberto , Amore Rosarita , Pastorino Roberta , Bulajic Milutin , Costamagna Guido , Boccia Stefania 
Published: September 2016

Background & Aims: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of developing extra-pancreatic malignancies. A common genetic background has been hypothesised to be responsible for such an association. Human chromosomal region 8q24 has been associated with many types of cancer. The majority of these associations lie at approximately 128 Mb on chromosome 8. We conducted a study in order to examine the association between IPMN and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the 8q24 region, namely rs10505477, rs6983267, rs7014346, rs6993464, previously reported to influence general cancer susceptibility.
Methods. The study was performed on 117 IPMN cases and 231 controls. Cases were enrolled at the Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli from January, 2010 to June, 2011, with either a prevalent or incident IPMN diagnosis. Status of SNPs was determined using a StepOne Real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems) and TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay™ 40X. Unconditional multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association of selected SNPs and IPMNs.
Results. Cases were more likely to report a 1st degree family history of cancer (p<0.001), as well as heavy smoking (p=0.001) and heavy drinking habits (p<0.001). No significant association was observed between IPMN and selected SNPs. The results were confirmed also when stratified according to any 1st-degree family history of cancer.
Conclusion. Patients with IPMN do not have a higher prevalence of SNPs in the human chromosomal region 8q24 in respect to the control population.
Abbreviations: CASC8: cancer susceptibility candidate 8; CRC: colorectal cancer; ENPP2: ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2; EPM: extra-pancreatic malignancy; eQTLs: expression quantitative trait loci; IPMN: intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; MYC: myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog gene; NOV: nephroblastoma over-expressed gene; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; POU5F1P1: POU class 5 homeobox 1 pseudogene 1 gene; S-MRCP: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with secretin stimulation; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; TCF4: transcription factor 4.
Toll-like Receptor 2 Signalling and the Lysosomal Machinery in Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors: Verbeek Romy E. , Siersema Peter D. , Vleggaar Frank P. , Ten Kate Fiebo J. , Posthuma George , Souza Rhonda F. , De Haan Judith , Van Baal Jantine W.P.M. 
Published: September 2016

Background & Aims: Inflammation plays an important role in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma and its metaplastic precursor lesion, Barrett’s esophagus. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 signalling and lysosomal function have been linked to inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. We examined the expression of TLR2 in the esophagus and the effect of long-term TLR2 activation on morphological changes and expression of factors involved in lysosomal function in a Barrett’s esophagus epithelium cell line.
Methods: TLR2 expression in normal squamous esophagus, reflux esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma biopsies was assessed with Q-RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Barrett’s esophagus epithelium cells (BAR-T) were incubated with acid and bile salts in the presence or absence of the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 for a period up to 4 weeks. Morphological changes were assessed with electron microscopy, while Q-RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of lysosomal enzymes (Cathepsin B and C) and factors involved in endocytosis (LAMP-1 and M6PR) and autophagy (LC3 and Rab7).
Results: TLR2 was expressed in normal squamous esophagus, reflux esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus but was most prominent in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Long-term TLR2 activation in acid and bile salts exposed BAR-T cells resulted in more and larger lysosomes, more mitochondria and increased expression of LAMP-1, M6PR, Cathepsin B and C when compared to BAR-T cells incubated with acid and bile salts but no TLR2 agonist. Factors associated with autophagy (LC3 and Rab7) expression remained largely unchanged.
Conclusion: Activation of TLR2 in acid and bile salts exposed Barrett epithelium cells resulted in an increased number of mitochondria and lysosomes and increased expression of lysosomal enzymes and factors involved in endocytosis.
Abbreviations: BE: Barrett’s esophagus; DCA: deoxycholic acid; EAC: esophageal adenocarcinoma; GCA: glycocholic acid; IL8: interleukin 8; IHC: immunohistochemistry; ISH: in situ hybridization; LAMP-1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1; LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3; M6PR: mannose-6-phosphate receptor; NF-κB: Nuclear Factor–κB; PPIs: proton pump inhibitors; Q-RT-PCR: Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; RE: reflux esophagitis; SQ: normal squamous esophagus; TCDCA: taurochenodeoxycholic acid; TLR: Toll-like receptor; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor α.
Non-gastric Gastrointestinal Xanthomas: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Del Arco Cristina Díaz , Sánchez Ángel Álvarez , Aceñero M. Jesús Fernández 
Published: September 2016

Gastrointestinal xanthomas are infrequent non-neoplastic lesions characterized by the accumulation of foam cells in the lamina propria. They are commonly seen in association with dyslipidemia, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and infections in immunosuppressed patients. However, no clear connection to hyperlipidemia has been found. They occur more frequently in the stomach, and are very rare in the small bowel and esophagus. We identified all cases of non-gastric xanthoma or xanthomatosis reported in the English literature by searching the PubMed database and retrospectively reviewed the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic features of the 11 cases of non-gastric gastrointestinal xanthomas diagnosed in our hospital. Nine lesions were located in the large bowel, one in the duodenum and one in the esophagus. All xanthomas were small (<5 mm) sessile polyps except the esophageal xanthoma, which measured 13 mm. Two cases in the large bowel and the case in the small bowel were multiple. Most patients with large bowel xanthomas had hypercholesterolemia, unlike esophageal and small bowel cases. The esophageal lesion occurred in a patient with a history of partial fundoplication due to gastroesophageal reflux disease and the small bowel case was associated to chronic atrophic gastritis with intense activity. In our search of the English literature, we found 19 cases of xanthoma or xanthomatosis in the esophagus, 13 cases in the small bowel and 61 cases in the large bowel. In conclusion, gastrointestinal xanthomas, other than the gastric ones, are rare, and are usually incidental findings.
Abbreviations: AIDS: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; CESD: Cholesterol ester storage disease; ChT: Chemotherapy; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; HCL: Hypercholesterolemia; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HPV: Human papilloma virus; MAI: Mycobacterium avium intracellulare; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; RT: Radiotherapy.
TRAVESTIS, TRANSEXUAIS E TRANSGÊNEROS NA ESCOLA: um estado da arte
Authors: Franco Neil , Cicillini Graça Aparecida 
Published: September 2016

Este ensaio apresenta um estado da arte sobre a relação universo trans e Educação, tendo como recorte o período de 2008 a 2014. Identificamos vinte publicações divulgadas na forma de textos em anais de eventos, artigos em periódicos, capítulos de livros, dissertações e teses. O material foi analisado à luz das teorias pós-críticas e sob uma abordagem qualitativa. A emergência de maiores estudos sobre a inserção e permanência de pessoas trans na escola é uma das constatações mais relevantes evidenciadas. Dentro das diversas dimensões que abrangem as discussões sobre gênero e sexualidades dissidentes, travestis, transexuais e transgêneros permanecem historicamente como o segmento social mais exposto a formas de vulnerabilidades e exclusão.Palavras-chaves: Universo trans. Educação. Transfobia. Exclusão. TRANSVESTITES, TRANSSEXUALS AND TRANSGENDERS AT SCHOOL: a state of the artAbstract: This paper presents a state of the art on the relationship between the trans universe and education, from 2008 to 2014. We identified twenty publications disseminated in the form of annals of events, journal articles, book chapters, dissertations and theses. The material was analyzed in the light of post-critical theories and under a qualitative approach. The emergence of larger studies on the inclusion and permanence of trans people in the school is one of the most significant findings highlighted. Within the various dimensions covering discussions about gender and sexuality dissidents, transvestites, transsexuals and transgender historically remain the social segment most exposed to forms of vulnerability and exclusion.Keywords: Trans universe. Education. Transphobia. Exclusion.TRAVESTIS, TRANSEXUALES Y PERSONAS TRANSGÉNEROS EN LA ESCUELA: un estado del arteResumen: Este estudio presenta un estado del arte sobre la relación universo trans y Educación, teniendo como recorte el período 2008 a 2014. Se identificaron veinte publicaciones reveladas en forma de textos en los anales de eventos, artículos en periódicos, capítulos de libros, disertaciones y tesis. El material fue analizado a la luz de las teorías post-crítica y bajo una abordaje cualitativa. La emergencia de nuevos estudios sobre la inserción y permanencia de las personas trans en la escuela fue una de las constataciones más relevantes evidenciadas. En las diferentes dimensiones que cubren las discusiones sobre género y sexualidad disidentes, travestis, transexuales y transgéneros permanecen históricamente como el segmento social más expuesto a formas de vulnerabilidad y exclusión.Palabras clave: Universo trans. Educación. Transfobia. Exclusión.
TRACING THE STORY OF “MYSTIC SYNTHESIS” IN SUNDANESE LOCAL INCANTATIONS
Authors: Musadad Asep 
Published: September 2016

<p><em>This paper aims to discuss the acculturation of </em><em>Islamic spectrum and local customs with </em><em> special reference to </em><em>the “cultural change” mechanism that reflected in </em><em>Sundanese </em><em>local incantations</em><em>.</em><em> In the tradition of Sundanese oral-literature, particularly those are widely used by “pananyaan” (local shaman), there are several magical spells that creatively assimilate with the Islamic symbols. It will provide a preliminary exploration on how they adopted as supplement and even transformed into local incantations. This kind of assimilation has shown the reception of Sundanese people which also established by local determinations. In one sense, it also reflected – in Ricklefs term – the “mystic synthesis” which regarded as the “major gate” for Islamization of the archipelago. In this case, the l</em><em>ocal genius</em><em> is one of </em><em>the </em><em>key terms </em><em>through which the indigenous articulation of Islamic spectrum can be explained.</em><em> </em><em> </em><em></em></p>
PROMESA, ACUERDO Y SÍMBOLO EN LA UNIÓN ESPONSAL
Authors: Clavel Juan Masia 
Published: September 2016

Promessa, contrato e símbolo na união conjugal. Através de uma reflexão anthropologica e evangelica tentamos superar a perspectiva somente jurídica sobre o vinculo conjugal e considerar como cuidar a fidelidade no processo da promessa conjugal e na situação do divorcio. A proteção da promessa pessoal é responsabilidade da consciência dos cônjuges. A proteção do contrato depende do direito. A Igreja testemunha do sentido sacramental da uniâo como simbolo do amor de Deus. Indissolubilidade nao é um ponto da partida senão uma finalidade. Em lugar de falar de uma indissolubilidade abstrata e somente juridica, temos a considerar o cuidado da fidelidade no casamento e da responsabilidade nas situaçãos de divórcio. Devemos distinguir três niveles de problemas. 1) O ensinamento da Igreja baseado no Evangelho. 2) A disciplina canonica pela organização da vida na sociedade eclesiastica. 3) A pratica pastorale na vida sacramental dos crentes. A pergunta sobre o caratteristico do casamento cristiano deve responderse com o Evangelho. As perguntas sobre validade, nulidade e indissolubilidade são perguntas pelo direito canonico. A pergunta sobre ter acesso aos sacramentos pelas pessoas divorciadas e com um novo casamento é uma pergunta pastoral. ABSTRACT: Promise, contract and symbol in the marriage bond. An anthropological and evangelical reflection about the marriage bond shall take us beyond the question about a juridical vinculum and shall help us to highlight the care of fidelity, both in the process of making the marriage promise and when confronting the unavoidability of a divorce. The protection of the promise is the responsibility of the conscience of husband and wife. The law protects the contract. The Church gives witness to the transcendent symbolism of the union. Indissolubility is not na starting point, but a goal. Instead of an abstract and juridical indissolubility, we comushould emphasise the care of fidelity. Three different realms of problems should be distinguished: 1) The teaching of the Church based on the Gospel. 2) The canonical discipline that organize life in the Church as a society. 3) The pastoral care of the sacramental practice in the life of the faithful. The question about the characteristic of Christian marriage is to be answered from the Gospel. The questions about validity or nullity belong to the realm of Canon Law. The question about the access to the sacraments of divorced persons belong to the realm of pastoral care.
UTOPIAS NEOGNÓSTICAS DO PÓS-HUMANO NA CIBERCULTURA. PARA UMA LEITURA FILOSÓFICO-TEOLÓGICA
Authors: Duque João Manuel 
Published: September 2016

Resumo: Propõe-se um exercício de cibercrítica teológica, ou seja, uma análise crítica das tendências pós-humanas inerentes à cibercultura. Partindo do pressuposto de que a cibercultura é atualmente a cultura dominante e de que muitos dos seus elementos possuem caraterísticas gnósticas, são estudadas algumas das suas teorizações mais radicais, em que esse gnosticismo se manifesta de modo mais evidente. Ao desafio do pós-humanismo inerente a certas utopias da cibercultura é contraposta a noção judaico-cristã de pessoa, como base de uma antropologia anti-gnóstica.Abstract: This paper is an exercise in theological cybercriticism, in other words, a critical analysis of post-human tendencies inherent in cyberculture. Assuming that cyberculture is currently the dominant culture and that many of its elements have Gnostic characteristics, some of its more radical theories are studied, in which Gnosticism manifests itself most clearly. The challenge of post-humanism inherent in certain utopias of cyberculture is opposed to the Judeo-Christian notion of the person, as a basis for an anti-Gnostic anthropology.
VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DO CULTIVO DE HORTALIÇAS EM SISTEMA HIDROPÔNICO EM CAMETÁ-PA
Authors: ALMEIDA RAIMUNDO PANTOJA , Martins Byanca Dos Santos , Palheta Ivanete Cardoso , De Paula Manoel Tavares 
Published: September 2016

A hidroponia envolve técnicas de cultivo em ambiente protegido, em que todos os nutrientes necessários ao desenvolvimento da planta são fornecidos através de solução nutritiva. Esse sistema é visto como vantajoso, uma vez que possibilita maior uniformidade na produção, alta produtividade por área, uso racional de fertilizantes, redução do ciclo de cultivo e produtos de ótima qualidade. A produção de hortaliças utilizando as técnicas hidropônicas apresenta-se como alternativa viável para o produtor rural no contexto de uma economia competitiva e cada vez mais exigente em relação à qualidade dos produtos. O presente estudo objetivou analisar a viabilidade econômica do cultivo de hortaliças em sistema hidropônico, no município de Cametá-Pa, durante um horizonte de planejamento de 05 (cinco) anos. Os dados sobre os custos da produção foram levantados em uma propriedade rural onde foi implantado o cultivo de coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.), couve (Brassica oleracea L.) e alface (Lactuca sativa L.) utilizando casa de vegetação com área instalada de 544 m². Como critérios de avaliação econômica foram utilizadas as técnicas de fluxo de caixa, Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR), Relação Benefício Custo (Rb/c) e Ponto de Equilíbrio (PE), considerando uma taxa de atratividade de 12% ao ano. Constatou-se que a atividade é economicamente viável pelos resultados dos três indicadores econômicos: VPL positivo, TIR maior que a taxa mínima de atratividade de 12% ao ano e Rb/c (R$ 1,95) maior que a unidade, mostrando que a cada R$ 1,00 investido retorna bruto R$ 1,95 ou líquido R$ 0,95. A viabilidade econômica do sistema produtivo analisado indica que tal atividade pode ser considerada uma forma alternativa de produção de alimento e geração de renda para os agricultores locais, além de contribuir para fixação do homem no campo.
Reinventing Universities: Continuing Education and the Challenge of the 21st Century
Authors: Coates Ken 
Published: September 2016

Canadian universities are in the midst of a lengthy period of financial uncertainty and public pressures to change, circumstances that add to the pressures on continuing education units and create opportunities for innovative change. The emergence of MOOCs, demands for research relevance, and concerns about the employability of graduates have forced campuses to consider new approaches, implement alternative financial models, find additional revenue, and search for efficiencies.In this environment, continuing education professionals have significant opportunities to provide to the campus-wide university, even after years of being marginalized on many campuses. Continuing education units work with external audiences and clients, have experimented with new revenue sources, have explored and evaluated distance delivery/ technology-based methods, and have become accustomed to living with constant change.While it will be difficult for continuing education units to attract campus-wide attention, particularly from traditional academic disciplines, there is a strong likelihood that universities as a whole will need the insights, strategies, approaches, pedagogy, and business models that have evolved in the outreach divisions in recent decades.
Production and Soil Responses to Intercropping of Forage Grasses with Corn and Soybean Silage
Authors: Pariz Cristiano M. , Costa Ciniro , Crusciol Carlos A. C. , Meirelles Paulo R. L. , Castilhos André M. , Andreotti Marcelo , Costa Nídia R. , Martello Jorge M. , Souza Daniel M. , Sarto Jaqueline R. W. , Franzluebbers Alan J. 
Published: September 2016

Agricultural management systems are needed to simultaneously enhance production, and improve soil quality. We investigated the effects of intercropped grass on production of corn (Zea mays L.) harvested for silage at 0.20 and 0.45 m height in the summer, as well as on production of subsequent forage, silage soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and soil responses on a Typic Haplorthox in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Palisade grass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. Webster ‘Marandu’] was the introduced companion crop with corn (Years 1 and 2), while signal grass [Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. Webster ‘Basilisk’] was the residual weedy species in comparison. Guinea grass [Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R. Webster ‘Aruãna’] was the introduced companion crop with soybean (Year 3), with only a residual effect of crop systems from the previous 2 yr. When cut at 0.45 m compared with 0.20 m height, corn intercropped with palisade grass had greater leaf nutrient concentrations, agronomic characteristics, forage mass of pasture for grazing by lambs (Ovis aries), greater surface mulch produced, and greater quantity of N, P, and K returned to soil. Greater soil organic matter, P, K, and Mg concentration, and base saturation in the surface soil depth and lower soil penetration resistance at all depths occurred at 0.45 m than at 0.20 m corn silage cutting height intercropped with palisade grass. Analyzing the system as a whole, harvesting corn silage crop with palisade grass intercrop at 0.45 m height was the most viable option in this integrated crop–livestock system (ICLS).Core Ideas

Agricultural management systems are needed to enhance production and improve soil quality.
After corn silage harvest, pasture was grazed by lambs in winter/spring using a semi‐feedlot system.
Harvesting corn silage crop with palisade grass intercrop at 0.45 m height was the most viable option.
Estimation of Clay and Soil Organic Carbon Using Visible and Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy and Unground Samples
Authors: Wang Changkun , Pan Xianzhang 
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas
The spectra of unground samples can be used to predict soil organic C (SOC) and clay.
Vis‐NIR spectroscopy models for ground samples can predict SOC and clay of unground samples.
Using unground samples will save time and labor when estimating SOC and clay.
Visible and near‐infrared spectroscopy (Vis‐NIR) can accurately predict soil organic C (SOC) and clay from the spectra of air‐dried and ground (DG) samples. However, grinding generally requires a lot of time and labor. In this study, air‐dried and unground (DU) samples were used to exploit the time and accuracy advantages of Vis‐NIR. The reflectance of 117 samples using DG and DU pretreatments was measured in the laboratory. Five spectral pretreatments were used: no‐pretreatment (NP), Savitzky–Golay (SG) smoothing, first derivative (FD), standard normal variate transformation, and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC). When calibrations and validations used the same sample pretreatment (DG or DU), good predictions (R2 > 0.75; RPD > 2.0) could be obtained for both SOC and clay. There were no sample × spectral pretreatments interaction effects on the prediction accuracy, whereas the main effects of the pretreatments were significant for clay but not for SOC. However, when calibrations derived from the DG samples were applied to the DU samples, the prediction accuracy decreased compared with that of the DG samples regardless of the SOC and clay. In this case, good predictions could be acquired for clay using the FD spectra and satisfactory predictions for SOC (0.60 < R2 < 0.75; 1.4 < RPD < 2.0) were obtained from the NP, SG, and MSC spectra. These results indicate that it is viable to predict SOC and clay content using DU samples with acceptable accuracy while saving a lot of time and labor compared with that needed for DG samples.
Integration of Functional and Traditional Food in Emerging Markets: Regulatory and Substantive Aspects of Yerba Mate and Quinoa
Authors: Gafare Claudia Elena , Serafini Mauro , Lorenzoni Giulia , Gregori Dario 
Published: September 2016

Given the rising cost of healthcare, the increase in life expectancy and the wish for a better quality of life, the request for foods and beverages producing a beneficial effect on health has increased worldwide. “Functional food” is a new concept and may play a key role in diseases’ prevention and management. Although its meaning is currently under definition, its role in global health improvement is growing constantly.
This article aims at giving a description of existing legislation on functional food in South America, identifying future directions for health and marketing policies. Furthermore, authors provide a literature revision on two products widely consumed in Latin American countries: Yerba Mate and Quinoa. Thanks to their beneficial health effects in terms of disease prevention and promotion of well-being, they may be considered as functional foods with a potential key role in health care.