bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burning Rates and Thermal Behavior of Bistetrazole Containing Gun Propellants
Authors: Lavoie Jonathan , Petre Catalin‐Florin , Paradis Pierre‐Yves , Dubois Charles 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe influence of two selected bistetrazoles, 5,5′‐bis(1H‐tetrazolyl)‐amine (BTA) and 5,5′‐hydrazinebistetrazole (HBT), on the combustion behavior of a typical triple‐base propellant was investigated. Seven propellant formulations, one reference and six others incorporating 5 %, 15 %, and 25 % of either HBT or BTA compounds, respectively, were mixed and extruded into a cylindrical, no perforations, geometry. The resulting propellants showed high burning rates, up to 93 % higher than the reference formulation at 100 MPa. However, the increase in burning rates came at the cost of higher burning rate dependency on pressure, with a pressure exponent as high as 1.4 for certain formulations. HBT‐containing propellants showed notably lower flame temperature when compared to the reference formulation, with a flame temperature reduction of up to 461 K for the propellant containing 25 % HBT. The thermal behavior of the propellants was also investigated through DSC experiments. The addition of bistetrazoles provided lower decomposition temperatures than the pure nitrogen‐rich materials, indicating that the two compounds probably react readily with the −ONO2 groups present in the nitrocellulose and the plasticizers used in the formulation. The onset temperature of all propellants remained within acceptable ranges despite the observed decrease caused by the addition of the bistetrazole compounds.
A dilute‐and‐shoot flow‐injection tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of phenobarbital in urine
Authors: Alagandula Ravali , Zhou Xiang , Guo Baochuan 
Published: October 2016

RationaleLiquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) is the gold standard of urine drug testing. However, current LC‐based methods are time consuming, limiting the throughput of MS‐based testing and increasing the cost. This is particularly problematic for quantification of drugs such as phenobarbital, which is often analyzed in a separate run because they must be negatively ionized.MethodsThis study examined the feasibility of using a dilute‐and‐shoot flow‐injection method without LC separation to quantify drugs with phenobarbital as a model system. Briefly, a urine sample containing phenobarbital was first diluted by 10 times, followed by flow injection of the diluted sample to mass spectrometer. Quantification and detection of phenobarbital were achieved by an electrospray negative ionization MS/MS system operated in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with the stable‐isotope‐labeled drug as internal standard.ResultsThe dilute‐and‐shoot flow‐injection method developed was linear with a dynamic range of 50–2000 ng/mL of phenobarbital and correlation coefficient > 0.9996. The coefficients of variation and relative errors for intra‐ and inter‐assays at four quality control (QC) levels (50, 125, 445 and 1600 ng/mL) were 3.0% and 5.0%, respectively. The total run time to quantify one sample was 2 min, and the sensitivity and specificity of the method did not deteriorate even after 1200 consecutive injections.ConclusionsOur method can accurately and robustly quantify phenobarbital in urine without LC separation. Because of its 2 min run time, the method can process 720 samples per day. This feasibility study shows that the dilute‐and‐shoot flow‐injection method can be a general way for fast analysis of drugs in urine. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new generator of causal ideal internal dynamics for a class of unstable linear differential equations
Authors: Quan Quan , Cai Kai‐Yuan 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe generator design for causal ideal internal dynamics (IID), namely, solving IID, is a fundamental problem in a nonminimum‐phase output tracking process. In this paper, for a class of unstable matrix differential equations, a new causal IID generator is proposed, whose parameters are partly chosen via
optimization. Compared with existing similar design schemes, it is applicable to matrix differential equations with singular system matrices. Also, it requires less computation, avoids taking higher order derivatives, and can be easily extended to treat slowly time‐varying matrix differential equations without the need for extra computation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Networks, platforms, and strategy: Emerging views and next steps
Authors: McIntyre David P. , Srinivasan Arati 
Published: October 2016

Research summary: A substantial and burgeoning body of research has described the influence of platform‐mediated networks in a wide variety of settings, whereby users and complementors desire compatibility on a common platform. In this review, we outline extant views of these dynamics from the industrial organization (IO) economics, technology management, and strategic management perspectives. Using this review as a foundation, we propose a future research agenda in this domain that focuses the on the relative influence of network effects and platform quality in competitive outcomes, drivers of indirect network effects, the nature and attributes of complementors, and leveraging complementor dynamics for competitive advantage.Managerial summary: In many industries, such as social networks and video games, consumers place greater value on products with a large network of other users and a large variety of complementary products. Such “network effects” offer lucrative opportunities for firms that can leverage these dynamics to create dominant technology platforms. This article reviews current perspectives on network effects and the emergence of platforms, and offers several areas of future consideration for optimal strategies in these settings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bistable Epigenetic States Explain Age-Dependent Decline in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Heterogeneity
Authors: Hamidouche Zahia , Rother Karen , Przybilla Jens , Krinner Axel , Clay Denis , Hopp Lydia , Fabian Claire , Stolzing Alexandra , Binder Hans , Charbord Pierre , Galle Joerg 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which heterogeneity, a major characteristic of stem cells, is achieved are yet unclear. We here study the expression of the membrane stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1) in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) clones. We show that subpopulations with varying Sca-1 expression profiles regenerate the Sca-1 profile of the mother population within a few days. However, after extensive replication in vitro, the expression profiles shift to lower values and the regeneration time increases. Study of the promoter of Ly6a unravels that the expression level of Sca-1 is related to the promoter occupancy by the activating histone mark H3K4me3. We demonstrate that these findings can be consistently explained by a computational model that considers positive feedback between promoter H3K4me3 modification and gene transcription. This feedback implicates bistable epigenetic states which the cells occupy with an age-dependent frequency due to persistent histone (de-)modification. Our results provide evidence that MSC heterogeneity, and presumably that of other stem cells, is associated with bistable epigenetic states and suggest that MSCs are subject to permanent state fluctuations.
Zeb2 Regulates Cell Fate at the Exit from Epiblast State in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Stryjewska Agata , Dries Ruben , Pieters Tim , Verstappen Griet , Conidi Andrea , Coddens Kathleen , Francis Annick , Umans Lieve , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. , Berx Geert , van Grunsven Leo A. , Grosveld Frank G. , Goossens Steven , Haigh Jody J. , Huylebroeck Danny 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) the transcription factor Zeb2 regulates neuroectoderm versus mesendoderm formation, but it is unclear how Zeb2 affects the global transcriptional regulatory network in these cell-fate decisions. We generated Zeb2 knockout (KO) mouse ESCs, subjected them as embryoid bodies (EBs) to neural and general differentiation and carried out temporal RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) analysis in neural differentiation. This shows that Zeb2 acts preferentially as a transcriptional repressor associated with developmental progression and that Zeb2 KO ESCs can exit from their naïve state. However, most cells in these EBs stall in an early epiblast-like state and are impaired in both neural and mesendodermal differentiation. Genes involved in pluripotency, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and DNA-(de)methylation, including Tet1, are deregulated in the absence of Zeb2. The observed elevated Tet1 levels in the mutant cells and the knowledge of previously mapped Tet1-binding sites correlate with loss-of-methylation in neural-stimulating conditions, however, after the cells initially acquired the correct DNA-methyl marks. Interestingly, cells from such Zeb2 KO EBs maintain the ability to re-adapt to 2i + LIF conditions even after prolonged differentiation, while knockdown of Tet1 partially rescues their impaired differentiation. Hence, in addition to its role in EMT, Zeb2 is critical in ESCs for exit from the epiblast state, and links the pluripotency network and DNA-methylation with irreversible commitment to differentiation.
Reinigen, Funktionalisieren und Beschichten
Authors: Vohrer Uwe , Bosse Ralf , Hoder Tomáš , Černák Mirko , Thomas Michael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDie Plasmatechnologie ist mit ihren unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen, dem Niederdruck‐ oder dem Atmosphärendruckplasma, eine der bedeutendsten Technologien, um nahezu jede Materialoberfläche zu aktivieren, zu reinigen zu funktionalisieren oder zu beschichten. Dieser Artikel fokussiert auf die Atmosphärenplasmen und zeigt anhand von Beispielen auf, dass zunehmend bisherige Domänen der Niederdruckplasmabehandlung auch durch Atmosphärendruckplasmen erschlossen werden. Am Beispiel der Textilbehandlung wird gezeigt, dass unter Berücksichtigung des gesamten textilen Herstellungsprozesses, die Plasmabehandlung auch ökonomisch in den Prozess integrierbar ist. Weiterhin ermöglicht die Entwicklung des Diffuse Coplanar Surface Barrier Discharge (DCSBD)‐Verfahrens nun auch die einseitige Funktionalisierung sehr sensitiven Materialien. Auch komplexe dreidimensionale Kunststoffbauteile können z. B. vor einer Metallisierung homogen aktiviert werden. Abschließend werden dann noch Beispiele für den Einsatz der Atmosphärendruckplasmatechnologie in der Biofunktionalisierung dargestellt.
Compatibility of Biosimilar Filgrastim with Cytotoxic Chemotherapy during the Treatment of Malignant Diseases (VENICE): A Prospective, Multicenter, Non-Interventional, Longitudinal Study
Authors: Fruehauf Stefan , Otremba Burkhard , Stötzer Oliver , Rudolph Christine 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Introduction
Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a serious and frequent complication of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Biosimilar filgrastim (Nivestim™, Hospira Inc, A Pfizer Company, Lake Forest, IL, USA) is a granulocyte-colony stimulating factor licensed for the treatment of neutropenia and FN induced by myelosuppressive chemotherapy. The primary goal of this VENICE study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01627990) was to observe the tolerability, safety and efficacy of biosimilar filgrastim in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.

Methods
This was a prospective, multicenter, non-interventional, longitudinal study. Consenting adult patients with solid tumors or hematologic malignancies for whom cytotoxic chemotherapy and treatment with biosimilar filgrastim was planned were enrolled.

Results
Among the enrolled patients (N = 386), 81% were female, with a median age (range) of 61 (22–92) years, with 39% >65 years old. Most patients (n = 338; 88%) had solid tumors and the remainder (n = 49; 13%) had hematological malignancies. The majority of the patients (64%) received biosimilar filgrastim as primary prophylaxis and 36% as secondary prophylaxis. At the follow-up visits, for the majority of patients (95.6%) there had been no change in chemotherapy dose due to FN. For two patients (0.5%) the chemotherapy was discontinued due to FN and for four patients (1.0%) the chemotherapy dose was reduced due to FN. For the majority of patients (96.9%) the chemotherapy cycle following the first biosimilar filgrastim treatment was not delayed due to FN. For 3 patients (0.8%), the chemotherapy was delayed following the first biosimilar filgrastim treatment. Less than one-third (29.8%) of the patients experienced ≥1 adverse event that was at least potentially related to biosimilar filgrastim treatment.

Conclusions
Biosimilar filgrastim was effective and well-tolerated in both the primary and secondary prophylactic setting in patients undergoing chemotherapy for solid tumors and hematological malignancies.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01627990.

Funding
Hospira Inc, A Pfizer Company, Lake Forest, IL, USA.
Synchronous MT surveys with laterally inhomogeneous excitation
Authors: Plotkin V.V. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Magnetotelluric (MT) responses are commonly interpreted assuming vertical plane-wave excitation. However, the primary electromagnetic (EM) field can be laterally inhomogeneous along the surface near auroral zones and its sources. It is suggested to use synchronous records of MT responses to an inhomogeneous source field with a dominant spatial harmonic. The applicability of this approach is checked using spatial filtering of synchronous wave data and a calculated directional pattern, which has its maximum along the wave vector of the dominant harmonic. The parameters of this harmonics are further estimated by optimization, with the EM field being presented as a sum of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. The TM mode, which forms in the presence of surface structures, is responsible for galvanic distortions. Inversion of the EM field components recorded synchronously at three or more sites gives the amplitudes of the two field modes and period-dependent apparent resistivities, while the static shift in the data becomes removed. The algorithm has been successfully tested on data from the BEAR project in the Fennoscandian Shield.
William Boog Leishman: parasitologist and politician
Authors: VINCENT H. M. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYFamous for the discovery of the parasite, Leishmania, named after him, and the invention of Leishman's stain, William Boog Leishman should perhaps be better known for his work in military and public health, particularly the prevention of typhoid. Leishman was a Medical Officer in the British Army from 1887 until his death in 1926. His early research was on diseases affecting troops posted to stations within the British Empire. He saw cases of Leishmaniasis while stationed in India, and was able to identify the causative organism from his detailed records of his observations. Leishman's most important contribution to public health, however, was his work with typhoid, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the army. Leishman planned experiments and the collection of data to demonstrate the efficacy of anti-typhoid inoculation and, using his considerable political skills, advocated the adoption of the vaccine. He planned for the inoculation of troops in an emergency so, when war broke out in 1914, the vaccine was available to save thousands of lives. Leishman's colleagues and mentors included Ronald Ross and Almroth Wright. Leishman was less outspoken than either Ross or Wright; this paper shows how the different contributions of the three men overlapped.
Psychological distress in mid-life: evidence from the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts
Authors: Ploubidis G. B. , Sullivan A. , Brown M. , Goodman A. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThis paper addresses the levels of psychological distress experienced at age 42 years by men and women born in 1958 and 1970. Comparing these cohorts born 12 years apart, we ask whether psychological distress has increased, and, if so, whether this increase can be explained by differences in their childhood conditions.MethodData were utilized from two well-known population-based birth cohorts, the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study. Latent variable models and causal mediation methods were employed.ResultsAfter establishing the measurement equivalence of psychological distress in the two cohorts we found that men and women born in 1970 reported higher levels of psychological distress compared with those born in 1958. These differences were more pronounced in men (b= 0.314, 95% confidence interval 0.252–0.375), with the magnitude of the effect being twice as strong compared with women (b= 0.147, 95% confidence interval 0.076–0.218). The effect of all hypothesized early-life mediators in explaining these differences was modest.ConclusionsOur findings have implications for public health policy, indicating a higher average level of psychological distress among a cohort born in 1970 compared with a generation born 12 years earlier. Due to increases in life expectancy, more recently born cohorts are expected to live longer, which implies – if such differences persist – that they are likely to spend more years with mental health-related morbidity compared with earlier-born cohorts.
International Women's Trade Unionism and Education
Authors: Cobble Dorothy Sue 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis keynote address, delivered in December 2015 at the International Federation of Workers’ Education Association General Conference in Lima, Peru, refutes the standard trope of labor movement decline and provides evidence for the global rise and feminization of labor movements worldwide. Trade union women’s commitment to emancipatory, democratic worker education helped spur these changes. The origins and effects of two historical examples are detailed: the Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers held in the United States annually from 1921 to 1938 and the first International Women’s Summer School of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) held in France in 1953. The latter experiment, attended by women labor leaders from 25 countries, energized the Women’s Committee of the ICFTU. It led to the adoption of “The Charter of Rights of Working Women” by the ICFTU in 1965 and helped make possible the election of Sharan Burrow and other women to top office in the International Trade Union Confederation. The address concludes with a discussion of what the history of trade union women’s education teaches about strengthening future labor movements.
Popular Adult and Labor Education Movement in Sweden—History, Content, Pedagogy
Authors: Gougoulakis Petros 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn Sweden, workers’ education—Arbetarbildning—is part of the all-embracing popular adult education movement that assumed its organizational consolidation in the late 1800s. Popular education—Folkbildning—is a culturally determined practice of social communication with roots in the Reformation and the Enlightenment, playing a decisive role in the shaping of the Swedish labor movement in the late 1800s, the history of which is intertwined with democratization and the transformation of Sweden into a highly developed welfare society. The pedagogical and ideological configuration of labor education in Sweden is surveyed from a historical perspective through the lenses of the Workers’ Educational Association (ABF) and the labor movement's most powerful branches: the Social Democratic Party (SAP) and the Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO). Workers’ education was utilized as a political strategy for a just and equitable society, via successive reforms, based on knowledge and initiated and supported by well-informed citizens.
Toward a General Theory and Global History of Workers’ Education
Authors: Merrill Michael , Schurman Susan J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWorkers’ education, understood to mean the education of workers by workers for purposes they themselves determine, has always been highly contested terrain, just like work itself. If there is to be an adequate global history of workers’ education, it will need to be guided by a suitable general theory. Hegel most expansively and Durkheim most persuasively argued that societies are cognitive and moral projects, of which education is constitutive: knowing and social being are inextricably bound up with one another. In the global democratic revolutions of the last 250 years, the labor movement distinguished itself as simultaneously a social movement, an education in democracy, and a struggle for a democratic education. The history of workers’ education is a history of workers striving to remake their communities into democracies and themselves into democrats. This brief essay introduces a collection of essays representative of a new generation of scholarship on the history of workers’ education, which we hope will help both traditional and emerging labor movements understand their past and think more clearly about their future.
Studying the use and effect of graph decomposition in qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning
Authors: Sioutis Michael , Salhi Yakoub , Condotta Jean-François 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe survey the use and effect of decomposition-based techniques in qualitative spatial and temporal constraint-based reasoning, and clarify the notions of a tree decomposition, a chordal graph, and a partitioning graph, and their implication with a particular constraint property that has been extensively used in the literature, namely, patchwork. As a consequence, we prove that a recently proposed decomposition-based approach that was presented in the study by Nikolaou and Koubarakis for checking the satisfiability of qualitative spatial constraint networks lacks soundness. Therefore, the approach becomes quite controversial as it does not seem to offer any technical advance at all, while results of an experimental evaluation of it in a following work presented in the study by Sioutis become questionable. Finally, we present a particular tree decomposition that is based on the biconnected components of the constraint graph of a given large network, and show that it allows for cost-free utilization of parallelism for a qualitative constraint language that has patchwork for satisfiable atomic networks.
When Playing the Woman Card is Playing Trump: Assessing the Efficacy of Framing Campaigns as Historic
Authors: Caughell Leslie 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTCandidate gender has become a major theme in the 2016 presidential campaign. Secretary Clinton appears to be emphasizing her gender to a greater degree than she did in 2008, even invoking gender in primary debates as something that separates her from the political establishment. Her opponent in the general election, Donald Trump, claimed that Clinton was playing the “woman card” and that Clinton has little to offer as a candidate beyond her sex. However, scholars have little sense of the effectiveness of playing the woman card by emphasizing the historic first associated with a candidacy, a strategy with inherent risks. This project examines the effect of playing the woman card by emphasizing the historic nature of a female executive candidate, and demonstrates that playing the woman card may actually benefit female candidates among certain subsets of voters. Playing the gender card appeals to voters traditionally underrepresented in politics and to weak Democrats and independents. These findings suggest that playing the gender card may benefit female candidates, especially Democrats, in elections.