bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jak učitelé německého jazyka užívají ve výuce angličtinu
Authors: Janík Miroslav 
Published: June 2017

V předkládané studii jsme se zaměřili na užívání angličtiny učiteli ve výuce němčiny jako dalšího cizího jazyka (po angličtině). V teoretické části je představeno naše chápání jazyka a jazykového jednání ve vztahu k mnohojazyčnosti a jazykové politice. V této studii pojímáme jazyky ve smyslu jazykových repertoárů, mnohojazyčnost pak jako schopnost užívat (na různé úrovni) tři a více jazyků. Pod pojmem jazyková politika (policy) rozumíme jak procesy státní politiky („top-down“), které mají tendenci podporovat aditivní pojetí mnohojazyčnosti, tak procesy jazykové politiky ve školní třídě („bottom-up“), která je založena na jazykovém jednání (především učitelů) a zahrnuje (mimo jiné) legitimizaci jazyků prostřednictvím jejich užívání. Hlavní výzkumná otázka byla stanovena: Jak jsou organizovány situace ve výuce německého jazyka, ve kterých učitel užívá anglický jazyk? Výzkumný vzorek tvoří 28 videonahrávek hodin německého jazyka na druhém stupni základní školy a jejich transkripty. Před představením metody analýzy – konverzační analýzy – a jejím teoretickým ukotvením je popsána jednotka analýzy – výuková situace – a postup, jak jsme ji identifikovali. V následující části studie jsou prezentovány výsledky. Z hlediska struktury byla v identifikovaných situacích patrná struktura iniciace–odpověď–zpětná vazba (IRF) v různých modifikacích. Z analýzy vyplývá, že učitelem užitá angličtina je patrná ve výuce německého jazyka v komentářích a nápovědách. Pokud byla angličtina užita v komentáři, pak se často jednalo o rozšíření zpětné vazby na předešlou žákovu odpověď, nebo komentář sloužil jako výklad, ve kterém bylo podporováno metalingvistické povědomí. Nápovědy, ve kterých byl patrný anglický jazyk, byly užity jako reakce na problém či chybu (často nesouvisející s angličtinou) v žákově odpovědi. V takovém případě byla v nápovědách přítomna metalingvistická vodítka, která měla vést žáky k sebeopravě. Z výsledků studie sice vyplývá, že užívání anglického jazyka je přirozeným jazykovým jednáním učitelů, které má vést k rozvoji německého jazyka, ale nebylo možné identifikovat ucelený přístup učitelů k užívání anglického jazyka a k podpoře mnohojazyčnosti.
Bottom‐simulating reflector dynamics at Arctic thermogenic gas provinces: An example from Vestnesa Ridge, offshore west Svalbard
Authors: Plaza‐Faverola A. , Vadakkepuliyambatta S. , Hong W.‐L. , Mienert J. , Bünz S. , Chand S. , Greinert J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Vestnesa Ridge comprises a >100 km long sediment drift located between the western continental slope of Svalbard and the Arctic mid‐ocean ridges. It hosts a deep water (>1000 m) gas hydrate and associated seafloor seepage system. Near‐seafloor headspace gas compositions and its methane carbon isotopic signature along the ridge indicate a predominance of thermogenic gas sources feeding the system. Prediction of the base of the gas hydrate stability zone for theoretical pressure and temperature conditions and measured gas compositions results in an unusual underestimation of the observed bottom‐simulating reflector (BSR) depth. The BSR is up to 60 m deeper than predicted for pure methane and measured gas compositions with >99% methane. Models for measured gas compositions with >4% higher‐order hydrocarbons result in a better BSR approximation. However, the BSR remains >20 m deeper than predicted in a region without active seepage. A BSR deeper than predicted is primarily explained by unaccounted spatial variations in the geothermal gradient and by larger amounts of thermogenic gas at the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. Hydrates containing higher‐order hydrocarbons form at greater depths and higher temperatures and contribute with larger amounts of carbons than pure methane hydrates. In thermogenic provinces, this may imply a significant upward revision (up to 50% in the case of Vestnesa Ridge) of the amount of carbon in gas hydrates.
Observation of pulsating aurora signatures in cosmic noise absorption data
Authors: Grandin M. , Kero A. , Partamies N. , McKay D. , Whiter D. , Kozlovsky A. , Miyoshi Y. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the contribution of energetic (E > 30 keV) particle precipitation during a pulsating aurora event over Kilpisjärvi (L = 6.2) on 26 February 2014. It is based on the comparison of auroral blue‐line emission (427.8 nm) data from an all‐sky camera and cosmic noise absorption (CNA) data obtained from a multibeam experiment of the Kilpisjärvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array (KAIRA) riometer. The data sets are compared for three KAIRA beams close to magnetic zenith. Results show a clear correlation between the measured CNA and the auroral blue‐line emission during the event, for each beam. In addition, individual pulsations are observed for the first time in the cosmic noise absorption data measured by KAIRA and are found to be close‐to‐identical to the optical pulsations. This suggests that the modulation of electron precipitation during pulsating aurora takes place in a consistent way over a broad range of energies.
Structure and seasonal variations of the nocturnal mesospheric K layer at Arecibo
Authors: Yue Xianchang , Friedman Jonathan S. , Wu Xiongbin , Zhou Qihou H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present the seasonal variations of the nocturnal mesospheric potassium (K) layer at Arecibo, Puerto Rico (18.35°N, 66.75°W) from 160 nights of K Doppler lidar observations between December 2003 and January 2010, during which the solar activity is mostly low. The background temperature is also measured simultaneously by the lidar and shows a strong semiannual oscillation with maxima occurring during equinoxes at all altitudes. The annual mean K density profile is approximately Gaussian with a peak altitude of 91.7 km. The K column abundance and the centroid height have strong semiannual variations, with maxima at the solstices. Both parameters are negatively correlated to the mean background temperature with a correlation coefficient < −0.5. The root‐mean‐square (RMS) width has a distinct annual oscillation with the largest width occurring in May. The seasonal variation of the centroid height is similar to that of the Fe layer at the same site. The seasonal temperature variation indicates significant enhanced wave‐induced downward transport for both species during spring and autumn. This explains the metal layer centroid height and column abundance variations at Arecibo and provides a general mechanism to account for the seasonal variations in the centroid height of all metal species measured at low‐latitude and midlatitude sites.
Physical processes controlling the spatial distributions of relative humidity in the tropical tropopause layer over the Pacific
Authors: Jensen Eric J. , Thornberry Troy D. , Rollins Andrew W. , Ueyama Rei , Pfister Leonhard , Bui Theopaul , Diskin Glenn S. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Hintsa Eric , Gao Ru‐Shan , Woods Sarah , Lawson R. Paul , Pittman Jasna 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe spatial distribution of relative humidity with respect to ice (RHI) in the boreal wintertime tropical tropopause layer (TTL, ≃14–18 km) over the Pacific is examined with the measurements provided by the NASA Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment. We also compare the measured RHI distributions with results from a transport and microphysical model driven by meteorological analysis fields. Notable features in the distribution of RHI versus temperature and longitude include (1) the common occurrence of RHI values near ice saturation over the western Pacific in the lower to middle TTL; (2) low RHI values in the lower TTL over the central and eastern Pacific; (3) common occurrence of RHI values following a constant mixing ratio in the middle to upper TTL (temperatures between 190 and 200 K); (4) RHI values typically near ice saturation in the coldest airmasses sampled; and (5) RHI values typically near 100% across the TTL temperature range in air parcels with ozone mixing ratios less than 50 ppbv. We suggest that the typically saturated air in the lower TTL over the western Pacific is likely driven by a combination of the frequent occurrence of deep convection and the predominance of rising motion in this region. The nearly constant water vapor mixing ratios in the middle to upper TTL likely result from the combination of slow ascent (resulting in long residence times) and wave‐driven temperature variability. The numerical simulations generally reproduce the observed RHI distribution features, and sensitivity tests further emphasize the strong influence of convective input and vertical motions on TTL relative humidity.
Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen as markers of dietary variation among sociocultural subgroups of Inuit in Greenland
Authors: Bjerregaard Peter , Larsen Christina V. L. , Dahl‐Petersen Inger K. , Buchardt Bjørn 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesWe assessed the use of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen as biomarkers for traditional versus store‐bought food among the Inuit. Furthermore, we compared the isotope patterns among sociocultural population groups.METHODSAs a part of a country‐wide health survey in Greenland during 2005–2010, we analyzed the isotope composition of toenails from 1025 adult Inuit and meat of common species hunted for food. Information on diet and sociocultural variables was collected by interviews.RESULTSWeighted by sex and place of residence to the total population of Inuit in Greenland, the average δ13C value in toenails was −20.2‰ and the δ15N value was 12.0‰ which are higher than in a general Danish omnivorous population. Both isotopes were significantly associated with other biomarkers of marine food and with results of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The percentage of marine food in the diet was estimated at 21% from the mean δ13C value, 25% from the mean δ15N value, and 23% from the FFQ.CONCLUSIONNail samples for analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were convenient to collect during a large population health survey among the Inuit. Isotope enrichment levels showed statistically significant associations with other biomarkers for consumption of marine food and with results of an FFQ and were used to estimate the percentage of marine food in the diet. Isotope levels were significantly associated with a novel score of sociocultural transition.
Zweidimensionales Haeckelit‐NbS2 – ein diamagnetischer Halbleiter mit Nb4+‐Ionen und hoher Ladungsträgermobilität
Authors: Ma Yandong , Kuc Agnieszka , Jing Yu , Philipsen Pier , Heine Thomas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn allen bekannten Dichalkogenid‐Monolagen (ML) von Übergangsmetallen der Gruppe 5 haben die Metallzentren einen Spin, und ihre Grundzustandsphasen sind entweder metallisch oder halbleitend mit indirekter Bandlücke. Auf Grundlage von Berechnungen aus ersten Prinzipien berichten wir hier über die Haeckelit‐Polytypen 1S‐NbX2 (X=S, Se, Te). Diese sind diamagnetische Halbleiter mit direkter Bandlücke, obwohl die Nb‐Atome im Oxidationszustand 4+ vorliegen. Dagegen sind 1S‐VX2‐ML antiferromagnetische Halbleiter mit indirekter Bandlücke. Die 1S‐Phasen sind thermodynamisch und dynamisch stabil, jedoch haben sie eine etwas höhere Energie als ihre 1H‐ und 1T‐ML‐Polytopen. 1S‐NbX2‐ML könnten sich aufgrund ihrer kleinen Bandlücken (zwischen 0.5 und 1 eV) hervorragend für optoelektronische Anwendungen eignen. Weiterhin ist die Lochbeweglichkeit in 1S‐NbS2‐ML mit 2.68×103 cm2 V−1 s−1 besonders hoch, höher als z. B. in MoS2 und vergleichbar mit WSe2.
A Bifunctional Spin Label for Ligand Recognition on Surfaces
Authors: Hollas Michael A. , Webb Simon J. , Flitsch Sabine L. , Fielding Alistair J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn situ monitoring of biomolecular recognition, especially at surfaces, still presents a significant technical challenge. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of biomolecules spin‐labeled with nitroxides can offer uniquely sensitive and selective insights into these processes, but new spin‐labeling strategies are needed. The synthesis and study of a bromoacrylaldehyde spin label (BASL), which features two attachment points with orthogonal reactivity is reported. The first examples of mannose and biotin ligands coupled to aqueous carboxy‐functionalized gold nanoparticles through a spin label are presented. EPR spectra were obtained for the spin‐labeled ligands both free in solution and attached to nanoparticles. The labels were recognized by the mannose‐binding lectin, Con A, and the biotin‐binding protein avidin‐peroxidase. Binding gave quantifiable changes in the EPR spectra from which binding profiles could be obtained that reflect the strength of binding in each case.
Polyimide aerogels crosslinked through cyclic ladder‐like and cage polyamine functionalized polysilsesquioxanes
Authors: Wu Yi‐Wei , Ye Miao‐Fen , Zhang Wen‐Chao , Yang Rong‐Jie 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTPolyimide (PI) aerogels with high porosity, low thermal conductivity, flexibility, low density, and excellent mechanical properties have attracted attention. However, the effect of crosslinker on structures and properties has not been investigated. Preparation of non‐shrinkable, aerogels with excellent performance is still a challenge. A series of PI aerogels are prepared through the polyamic acid oligomer reacting with different crosslinking agents: 1,3,5‐triaminophenoxybenzene (TAB), caged octa(aminophenyl) silsesquioxane, and cyclic ladder‐like poly(aminophenyl) silsesquioxanes. The shrinkage, density, porosity, and compression measurements of the PI aerogels indicate that the PI–polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) aerogels show more stable and stronger structures than with the TAB. The physical properties reveal that the introduction of POSS brings more compact and stable crosslinking network structures. The thermal properties of the PI aerogels are tested by dynamic mechanical analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, and Transient Hot Wire method. The PI–POSS aerogels showed much better thermal stability, lower thermal conductivities, and better thermal insulation. Stable inorganic cores and rigid molecular structures of POSS result in strong mechanical properties, high thermal stability, and low thermal conductivities of the PI aerogels which may have important application in thermal protection against high temperature. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45296.
First derivative emission spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of LCZ696, a newly approved FDA supramolecular complex of valsartan and sacubitril in tablets
Authors: Ragab Marwa A.A. , Galal Shereen M. , Korany Mohamed A. , Ahmed Aya R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan, Entresto™) is a therapy lately approved by United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) as a heart failure therapy. It is claimed to decrease the mortality rate and hospitalization for patients with chronic heart failure. This study is considered as the first report to investigate the fluorimetric behavior of sacubitril in addition to pursuing all the different conditions that may affect its fluorescence. Various conditions were studied, for example studying the effects of organized media, solvents and pH, which may affect the fluorescence behavior of sacubitril. For the simultaneous determination of the newly approved supramolecular complex of valsartan (VAL) and sacubitril (SAC) in their tablets, a sensitive and simple first derivative spectrofluorimetric method was developed. The method involved the measurement of native fluorescence at 416 nm and 314 nm (λex 249 nm) for VAL and SAC, respectively. The first (D1) derivative technique was applied to the emission data to resolve a partial overlap that appeared in their emission spectra. The proposed method was successfully applied for the assay of the two drugs in their supramolecular complex LCZ696 with no interference from common pharmaceutical additives. International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines were followed in order to validate the proposed method.
Synthesis and in vitro antioxidant activity study of some new piperazinyl flavone compounds
Authors: Berczyński Paweł , Kładna Aleksandra , Kruk Irena , Sarı Elmas , Murat Hatice Nehir , Bozdağ Dündar Oya , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFlavones exhibit a variety of beneficial effects and are well known for their medicinal importance in several diseases, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and cancer. The inclusion of the piperazine ring to the flavone backbone is an important strategy in drug discovery but only a few studies have synthesized piperazinyl flavone compounds to test their biological activity. While there is a major focus on the antioxidant properties of drugs in therapy of several diseases of inflammatory origin, we synthesized a series of the novel piperazinyl flavone analogues bearing the phenyl ring with different substituents. The analogues were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity against superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging properties. The total antioxidant status based on the absorbance of the 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) radical cation (ABTS+•) and total antioxidant capacity using the Fe(III)‐ferrozine complex were also monitored. The results of the above studies showed that the compounds synthesized were found possessed moderate radical scavenging potential, and that their interaction with reactive oxygen species is complex and depends on their structural conformation and the type of substituent R in the piperazine ring being attached. Best antiradical activity were found for the compounds with methoxy groups on the phenyl ring of substituent R, whereas the presence of methoxy or trifluoromethyl groups in substituent R resulted in higher ABTS+• and ion Fe(III) reduction. These compounds are promising molecules to be used for their antioxidant properties and may be regarded, after improvement of the antioxidant potential, to control diseases of free radical etiology.
Pathology of balloon‐expandable transcatheter aortic valves
Authors: Yahagi Kazuyuki , Ladich Elena , Kutys Robert , Mori Hiroyoshi , Svensson Lars G. , Mack Michael J. , Herrmann Howard C. , Smith Craig R. , Leon Martin B. , Virmani Renu , Finn Aloke V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Placement of AoRtic TraNscathetER Valves trials (PARTNER) showed favorable safety and efficacy versus medical or surgical therapy in inoperable, high, and intermediate surgical risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. However, the biological responses to transcatheter aortic valves have not been well characterized.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to perform pathologic assessment of Edwards SAPIEN transcatheter aortic valves removed either at autopsy or surgically during the PARTNER I and II clinical trials.MethodsExplanted valves and frame were evaluated for pathologic responses including extent of thrombus, inflammation, neointima, and leaflet degeneration/calcification according to semiquantitative grading by implant duration (≤30 days; 31–90 days; >90 days).ResultsA total of 22 cases (median age 82.0 years, 45% men) were included, with a duration of implantation that ranged from 0 to 1739 days (median duration 16.5 days [interquartile range, 2.8–68.3]). Valve thrombosis resulting in severe aortic stenosis was observed in one case. Moderate leaflet thrombus was seen in 14% of cases (n = 3) and all were asymptomatic. Calcification was seen in two valves: one with severe leaflet calcification had severe aortic stenosis requiring surgical replacement, while the other showed early calcification. Mild structural leaflet changes were exclusively seen in valve implants >90 days. Valve inflammation and thrombus formation was mild in majority of the cases.ConclusionsOverall, our study demonstrates moderate thrombus formation in 14% and calcification in only 2 valves, ≥4 years duration. In this short‐duration study, acceptable durability and biocompatibility of the Edwards SAPIEN transcatheter valve system was demonstrated; however, further studies are required to confirm the significance and application of our findings.
Giant splenic artery aneurysm in a pregnant patient: a case report and literature review
Authors: Creidi Elie , El Asmar Antoine , Abou Zahr Rawad , El Rassi Ziad 
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical MessagePregnancy and giant splenic artery aneurysms should be addressed in a way to achieve optimal results for the mother and the fetus. In our case, the need for immediate intervention, with minimal risk, made open aneurysmectomy and distal splenopancreatectomy, the ideal approach to undertake.
Thin, High‐Flux, Self‐Standing, Graphene Oxide Membranes for Efficient Hydrogen Separation from Gas Mixtures
Authors: Bouša Daniel , Friess Karel , Pilnáček Kryštof , Vopička Ondřej , Lanč Marek , Fónod Kristián , Pumera Martin , Sedmidubský David , Luxa Jan , Sofer Zdeněk 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe preparation and gas‐separation performance of self‐standing, high‐flux, graphene oxide (GO) membranes is reported. Defect‐free, 15–20 μm thick, mechanically stable, unsupported GO membranes exhibited outstanding gas‐separation performance towards H2/CO2 that far exceeded the corresponding 2008 Robeson upper bound. Remarkable separation efficiency of GO membranes for H2 and bulky C3 or C4 hydrocarbons was achieved with high flux and good selectivity at the same time. On the contrary, N2 and CH4 molecules, with larger kinetic diameter and simultaneously lower molecular weight, relative to that of CO2, remained far from the corresponding H2/N2 or H2/CH4 upper bounds. Pore size distribution analysis revealed that the most abundant pores in GO material were those with an effective pore diameter of 4 nm; therefore, gas transport is not exclusively governed by size sieving and/or Knudsen diffusion, but in the case of CO2 was supplemented by specific interactions through 1) hydrogen bonding with carboxyl or hydroxyl functional groups and 2) the quadrupole moment. The self‐standing GO membranes presented herein demonstrate a promising route towards the large‐scale fabrication of high‐flux, hydrogen‐selective gas membranes intended for the separation of H2/CO2 or H2/alkanes.
A New Electron‐Rich Unit for Polymer Electron Acceptors: 4,4‐Difluoro‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene
Authors: Zhao Ruyan , Min Yang , Dou Chuandong , Liu Jun , Wang Lixiang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe report 4,4‐difluoro‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene (fCDT) as a new electron‐rich unit to design polymer electron acceptors. Owing to the fluoro substitutes, fCDT unit exhibits downshifted LUMO energy level, diminished steric hindrance effect and strong intermolecular interaction. The resulting polymer electron acceptor exhibits low‐lying LUMO energy level and high electron mobility, as well as good all‐polymer solar cell device performance.