bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN OPPORTUNISTIC SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE (SETI) WITH THE MURCHISON WIDEFIELD ARRAY
Authors: Tingay S. J. , Tremblay C. , Walsh A. , Urquhart R. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
A spectral line image cube generated from 115 minutes of MWA data that covers a field of view of 400 sq, deg. around the Galactic Center is used to perform the first Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence (SETI) with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). Our work constitutes the first modern SETI experiment at low radio frequencies, here between 103 and 133 MHz, paving the way for large-scale searches with the MWA and, in the future, the low-frequency Square Kilometre Array. Limits of a few hundred mJy beam−1 for narrowband emission (10 kHz) are derived from our data, across our 400 sq. deg. field of view. Within this field, 45 exoplanets in 38 planetary systems are known. We extract spectra at the locations of these systems from our image cube to place limits on the presence of narrow line emission from these systems. We then derive minimum isotropic transmitter powers for these exoplanets; a small handful of the closest objects (10 s of pc) yield our best limits of order 1014 W (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power). These limits lie above the highest power directional transmitters near these frequencies currently operational on Earth. A SETI experiment with the MWA covering the full accessible sky and its full frequency range would require approximately one month of observing time. The MWA frequency range, its southern hemisphere location on an extraordinarily radio quiet site, its very large field of view, and its high sensitivity make it a unique facility for SETI.
RECONCILING DWARF GALAXIES WITH ΛCDM COSMOLOGY: SIMULATING A REALISTIC POPULATION OF SATELLITES AROUND A MILKY WAY–MASS GALAXY
Authors: Wetzel Andrew R. , Hopkins Philip F. , Kim Ji-hoon , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Kereš Dušan , Quataert Eliot 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Low-mass “dwarf” galaxies represent the most significant challenges to the cold dark matter (CDM) model of cosmological structure formation. Because these faint galaxies are (best) observed within the Local Group (LG) of the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda (M31), understanding their formation in such an environment is critical. We present first results from the Latte Project: the Milky Way on Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE). This simulation models the formation of an MW-mass galaxy to

z
=
0

within ΛCDM cosmology, including dark matter, gas, and stars at unprecedented resolution: baryon particle mass of

7070

M

⊙

with gas kernel/softening that adapts down to

1

pc

(with a median of

25
–
60

pc

at

z
=
0

). Latte was simulated using the GIZMO code with a mesh-free method for accurate hydrodynamics and the FIRE-2 model for star formation and explicit feedback within a multi-phase interstellar medium. For the first time, Latte self-consistently resolves the spatial scales corresponding to half-light radii of dwarf galaxies that form around an MW-mass host down to

M

star

≳

10

5

M

⊙

. Latte’s population of dwarf galaxies agrees with the LG across a broad range of properties: (1) distributions of stellar masses and stellar velocity dispersions (dynamical masses), including their joint relation; (2) the mass–metallicity relation; and (3) diverse range of star formation histories, including their mass dependence. Thus, Latte produces a realistic population of dwarf galaxies at

M

star

≳

10

5

M

⊙

that does not suffer from the “missing satellites” or “too big to fail” problems of small-scale structure formation. We conclude that baryonic physics can reconcile observed dwarf galaxies with standard ΛCDM cosmology.
La psychologie de la religion : dénominations, historique et controverses
Authors: Dargentas Magdalini 
Published: August 2016

Dans cet article, l’auteur présente la psychologie de la religion selon une perspective historique. Ce domaine, actuellement peu connu en France, se développe surtout dans le monde anglo-saxon. Les dénominations différentes (psychologie de la religion / religieuse / pastorale / des religions) et son objet sont passés en revue. L’historique couvre trois périodes : le début du xx e siècle, la période après-guerre (les années 1950) et enfin la période qui débute dans les années 1970. Nous examinons ensuite les principaux débats, portant notamment sur les liens avec la psychologie, la validité de l’étude du religieux, l’implication des chercheurs et certaines controverses méthodologiques ou théoriques. L’article se termine par une ouverture sur une éventuelle quatrième période plus récente et par l’exposé de la situation en France. Ce domaine y reste institutionnellement absent, à l’exception des travaux de Deconchy et d’un intérêt récent pour l’étude du religieux, principalement au sein de la psychologie sociale.
Suppression of Glut1 and Glucose Metabolism by Decreased Akt/mTORC1 Signaling Drives T Cell Impairment in B Cell Leukemia
Authors: Siska Peter J. , van der Windt Gerritje J. W. , Kishton Rigel J. , Cohen Sivan , Eisner William , MacIver Nancie J. , Kater Arnon P. , Weinberg J. Brice , Rathmell Jeffrey C. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Leukemia can promote T cell dysfunction and exhaustion that contributes to increased susceptibility to infection and mortality. The treatment-independent mechanisms that mediate leukemia-associated T cell impairments are poorly understood, but metabolism tightly regulates T cell function and may contribute. In this study, we show that B cell leukemia causes T cells to become activated and hyporesponsive with increased PD-1 and TIM3 expression similar to exhausted T cells and that T cells from leukemic hosts become metabolically impaired. Metabolic defects included reduced Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, decreased expression of the glucose transporter Glut1 and hexokinase 2, and reduced glucose uptake. These metabolic changes correlated with increased regulatory T cell frequency and expression of PD-L1 and Gal-9 on both leukemic and stromal cells in the leukemic microenvironment. PD-1, however, was not sufficient to drive T cell impairment, as in vivo and in vitro anti–PD-1 blockade on its own only modestly improved T cell function. Importantly, impaired T cell metabolism directly contributed to dysfunction, as a rescue of T cell metabolism by genetically increasing Akt/mTORC1 signaling or expression of Glut1 partially restored T cell function. Enforced Akt/mTORC1 signaling also decreased expression of inhibitory receptors TIM3 and PD-1, as well as partially improved antileukemia immunity. Similar findings were obtained in T cells from patients with acute or chronic B cell leukemia, which were also metabolically exhausted and had defective Akt/mTORC1 signaling, reduced expression of Glut1 and hexokinase 2, and decreased glucose metabolism. Thus, B cell leukemia–induced inhibition of T cell Akt/mTORC1 signaling and glucose metabolism drives T cell dysfunction.
A Histone Methyltransferase ESET Is Critical for T Cell Development
Authors: Takikita Shoichi , Muro Ryunosuke , Takai Toshiyuki , Otsubo Takeshi , Kawamura Yuki I. , Dohi Taeko , Oda Hiroyo , Kitajima Masayuki , Oshima Kenshiro , Hattori Masahira , Endo Takaho A. , Toyoda Tetsuro , Weis John , Shinkai Yoichi , Suzuki Harumi 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
ESET/SETDB1, one of the major histone methyltransferases, catalyzes histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) trimethylation. ESET is critical for suppressing expression of retroviral elements in embryonic stem cells; however, its role in the immune system is not known. We found that thymocyte-specific deletion of ESET caused impaired T cell development, with CD8 lineage cells being most severely affected. Increased apoptosis of CD8 single-positive cells was observed, and TCR-induced ERK activation was severely inhibited in ESET−/− thymocytes. Genome-wide comprehensive analysis of mRNA expression and H3K9 trimethylation revealed that ESET regulates expression of numerous genes in thymocytes. Among them, FcγRIIB, whose signaling can inhibit ERK activation, was strongly and ectopically expressed in ESET−/− thymocytes. Indeed, genetic depletion of FcγRIIB in ESET−/− thymocytes rescued impaired ERK activation and partially restored defective positive selection in ESET−/− mice. Therefore, impaired T cell development in ESET−/− mice is partly due to the aberrant expression of FcγRIIB. Collectively, to our knowledge, we identify ESET as the first trimethylated H3K9 histone methyltransferase playing a crucial role in T cell development.
Regulatory T Cell Numbers in Inflamed Skin Are Controlled by Local Inflammatory Cues That Upregulate CD25 and Facilitate Antigen-Driven Local Proliferation
Authors: Billroth-MacLurg Alison C. , Ford Jill , Rosenberg Alexander , Miller Jim , Fowell Deborah J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key immune suppressors that regulate immunity in diverse tissues. The tissue and/or inflammatory signals that influence the magnitude of the Treg response remain unclear. To define signals that promote Treg accumulation, we developed a simple system of skin inflammation using defined Ags and adjuvants that induce distinct cytokine milieus: OVA protein in CFA, aluminum salts (Alum), and Schistosoma mansoni eggs (Sm Egg). Polyclonal and Ag-specific Treg accumulation in the skin differed significantly between adjuvants. CFA and Alum led to robust Treg accumulation, with &gt;50% of all skin CD4+ T cells being Foxp3+. In contrast, Tregs accumulated poorly in the Sm Egg–inflamed skin. Surprisingly, we found no evidence of inflammation-specific changes to the Treg gene program between adjuvant-inflamed skin types, suggesting a lack of selective recruitment or adaptation to the inflammatory milieu. Instead, Treg accumulation patterns were linked to differences in CD80/CD86 expression by APC and the regulation of CD25 expression, specifically in the inflamed skin. Inflammatory cues alone, without cognate Ag, differentially supported CD25 upregulation (CFA and Alum &gt; Sm Egg). Only in inflammatory milieus that upregulated CD25 did the provision of Ag enhance local Treg proliferation. Reduced IL-33 in the Sm Egg–inflamed environment was shown to contribute to the failure to upregulate CD25. Thus, the magnitude of the Treg response in inflamed tissues is controlled at two interdependent levels: inflammatory signals that support the upregulation of the important Treg survival factor CD25 and Ag signals that drive local expansion.
Systems Analysis of the Complement-Induced Priming Phase of Liver Regeneration
Authors: Min Jun S. , DeAngelis Robert A. , Reis Edimara S. , Gupta Shakti , Maurya Mano R. , Evans Charles , Das Arun , Burant Charles , Lambris John D. , Subramaniam Shankar 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Liver regeneration is a well-orchestrated process in the liver that allows mature hepatocytes to reenter the cell cycle to proliferate and replace lost or damaged cells. This process is often impaired in fatty or diseased livers, leading to cirrhosis and other deleterious phenotypes. Prior research has established the role of the complement system and its effector proteins in the progression of liver regeneration; however, a detailed mechanistic understanding of the involvement of complement in regeneration is yet to be established. In this study, we have examined the role of the complement system during the priming phase of liver regeneration through a systems level analysis using a combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic measurements. More specifically, we have performed partial hepatectomy on mice with genetic deficiency in C3, the major component of the complement cascade, and collected their livers at various time points. Based on our analysis, we show that the C3 cascade activates c-fos and promotes the TNF-α signaling pathway, which then activates acute-phase genes such as serum amyloid proteins and orosomucoids. The complement activation also regulates the efflux and the metabolism of cholesterol, an important metabolite for cell cycle and proliferation. Based on our systems level analysis, we provide an integrated model for the complement-induced priming phase of liver regeneration.
Loss of Trex1 in Dendritic Cells Is Sufficient To Trigger Systemic Autoimmunity
Authors: Peschke Katrin , Achleitner Martin , Frenzel Kathrin , Gerbaulet Alexander , Ada Servi Remzi , Zeller Nicolas , Lienenklaus Stefan , Lesche Mathias , Poulet Claire , Naumann Ronald , Dahl Andreas , Ravens Ursula , Günther Claudia , Müller Werner , Knobeloch Klaus-Peter , Prinz Marco , Roers Axel , Behrendt Rayk 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Defects of the intracellular enzyme 3′ repair exonuclease 1 (Trex1) cause the rare autoimmune condition Aicardi–Goutières syndrome and are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Trex1−/− mice develop type I IFN–driven autoimmunity, resulting from activation of the cytoplasmic DNA sensor cyclic GMP–AMP synthase by a nucleic acid substrate of Trex1 that remains unknown. To identify cell types responsible for initiation of autoimmunity, we generated conditional Trex1 knockout mice. Loss of Trex1 in dendritic cells was sufficient to cause IFN release and autoimmunity, whereas Trex1-deficient keratinocytes and microglia produced IFN but did not induce inflammation. In contrast, B cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and astrocytes did not show any detectable response to the inactivation of Trex1. Thus, individual cell types differentially respond to the loss of Trex1, and Trex1 expression in dendritic cells is essential to prevent breakdown of self-tolerance ensuing from aberrant detection of endogenous DNA.
Expansion and Protection by a Virus-Specific NK Cell Subset Lacking Expression of the Inhibitory NKR-P1B Receptor during Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Rahim Mir Munir A. , Wight Andrew , Mahmoud Ahmad Bakur , Aguilar Oscar A. , Lee Seung-Hwan , Vidal Silvia M. , Carlyle James R. , Makrigiannis Andrew P. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
NK cells play a major role in immune defense against human and murine CMV (MCMV) infection. Although the MCMV genome encodes for MHC class I–homologous decoy ligands for inhibitory NK cell receptors to evade detection, some mouse strains have evolved activating receptors, such as Ly49H, to recognize these ligands and initiate an immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that approximately half of the Ly49H-expressing (Ly49H+) NK cells in the spleen and liver of C57BL/6 mice also express the inhibitory NKR-P1B receptor. During MCMV infection, the NKR-P1B−Ly49H+ NK cell subset proliferates to constitute the bulk of the NK cell population. This NK cell subset also confers better protection against MCMV infection compared with the NKR-P1B+Ly49H+ subset. The two populations are composed of cells that differ in their surface expression of receptors such as Ly49C/I and NKG2A/C/E, as well as developmental markers, CD27 and CD11b, and the high-affinity IL-2R (CD25) following infection. Although the NKR-P1B+ NK cells can produce effector molecules such as IFNs and granzymes, their proliferation is inhibited during infection. A similar phenotype in MCMV-infected Clr-b–deficient mice, which lack the ligand for NKR-P1B, suggests the involvement of ligands other than the host Clr-b. Most interestingly, genetic deficiency of the NKR-P1B, but not Clr-b, results in accelerated virus clearance and recovery from MCMV infection. This study is particularly significant because the mouse NKR-P1B:Clr-b receptor:ligand system represents the closest homolog of the human NKR-P1A:LLT1 system and may have a direct relevance to human CMV infection.
Diversified Anchoring Features the Peptide Presentation of DLA-88*50801: First Structural Insight into Domestic Dog MHC Class I
Authors: Xiao Jin , Xiang Wangzhen , Chai Yan , Haywood Joel , Qi Jianxun , Ba Limin , Qi Peng , Wang Ming , Liu Jun , Gao George F. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Canines represent a crucial animal model for studying human diseases and organ transplantation, as well as the evolution of domestic animals. MHCs, with a central role in cellular immunity, are commonly used in the study of dog population genetics and genome evolution. However, the molecular basis for the peptide presentation of dog MHC remains largely unknown. In this study, peptide presentation by canine MHC class I DLA-88*50801 was structurally determined, revealing diversified anchoring modes of the binding peptides. Flexible and large pockets composed of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues can accommodate pathogen-derived peptides with diverse anchor residues, as confirmed by thermostability measurements. Furthermore, DLA-88*50801 contains an unusual α2 helix with a large coil in the TCR contact region. These results further our understanding of canine T cell immunity through peptide presentation of MHC class I and shed light on the molecular basis for vaccine development for canine infectious diseases, for example, canine distemper virus.
Lamplighters, metabelian groups, and horocyclic products
Authors: Amchislavska Margarita , Riley Timothy R. 
Published: August 2016

Bartholdi, Neuhauser and Woess proved that a family of metabelian groups including lamplighters have a striking geometric manifestation as 1-skeleta of horocyclic products of trees. The purpose of this article is to give an elementary account of this result, to widen the family addressed to include the infinite valence case (for instance

\mathbb Z \wr \mathbb Z

), and to make the translation between the algebraic and geometric descriptions explicit.

In the rank-2 case, where the groups concerned include a celebrated example of Baumslag and Remeslennikov, we give the translation by means of a combinatorial ‘lamplighter description’. This elucidates our proof in the general case which proceeds by manipulating polynomials.
Additionally, we show that the Cayley 2-complex of a suitable presentation of Baumslag and Remeslennikov’s example is a horocyclic product of three trees.
The contribution of soil biogenic NO and HONO emissions from a managed
hyperarid ecosystem to the regional NOx emissions during growing
season
Authors: Mamtimin Buhalqem , Meixner Franz X. , Behrendt Thomas , Badawy Moawad , Wagner Thomas 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. A study was carried out to understand the contributions of soil biogenic NO emissions from managed (fertilized and irrigated) hyperarid ecosystems in NW China to the regional NOx emissions during the growing season. Soil biogenic net potential NO fluxes were quantified by laboratory incubation of soil samples from the three dominating ecosystems (desert, cotton, and grape fields). Regional biogenic NO emissions were calculated bottom-up hourly for the entire growing season (April–September 2010) by considering corresponding land use, hourly data of soil temperature, gravimetric soil moisture, and fertilizer enhancement factors. The regional HONO emissions were estimated using the ratio of the optimum condition ((FN,opt(HONO) to FN,opt (NO)). Regional anthropogenic NOx emissions were calculated bottom-up from annual statistical data provided by regional and local government bureaus which have been downscaled to monthly value. Regional top-down emission estimates of NOx were derived on the monthly basis from satellite observations (OMI) of tropospheric vertical NO2 column densities and prescribed values of the tropospheric NOx lifetime. In order to compare the top-down and bottom-up emission estimates, all emission estimates were expressed in terms of mass of atomic nitrogen. Consequently, monthly top-down NOx emissions (total) were compared with monthly bottom-up NOx emissions (biogenic + anthropogenic) for the time of the satellite overpass (around 13:00 LT) with the consideration of the diurnal cycle of bottom-up estimates. Annual variation in total Tohsun Oasis NOx emissions is characterized by a strong peak in winter (December–February) and a secondary peak in summer (June–August). During summer, soil biogenic emissions were from equal to double that of related anthropogenic emissions, and grape soils were the main contributor to soil biogenic emissions, followed by cotton soils, while emissions from the desert were negligible. The top-down and bottom-up emission estimates were shown to be useful methods to estimate the monthly/seasonal cycle of the total regional NOx emissions. The resulting total NOx emissions show a strong peak in winter and a secondary peak in summer, and the second maximum in summer was only found if the soil emissions were taken into account, which provides confidence in both completely independent methods. Despite the regional character of these findings, particularly the second maximum in summer provides substantial evidence to hypothesize that biogenic emissions from soils of managed drylands (irrigated and fertilized) in the growing period may be much more important contributors to regional NOx budgets of dryland regions than thought before.
Seasonal and inter-annual variability of lower stratospheric age of air spectra
Authors: Ploeger Felix , Birner Thomas 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Trace gas transport in the lower stratosphere is investigated by analysing seasonal and inter-annual variations of the age of air spectrum – the probability distribution of stratospheric transit times. Age spectra are obtained using the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) driven by ERA-Interim winds and total diabatic heating rates, and using a time-evolving boundary-impulse-response (BIER) method based on multiple tracer pulses. Seasonal age spectra show large deviations from an idealized stationary uni-modal shape. Multiple modes emerge in the spectrum throughout the stratosphere, strongest at high latitudes, caused by the interplay of seasonally varying tropical upward mass flux, stratospheric transport barriers and recirculation. Inter-annual variations in transport (e.g. quasi-biennial oscillation) cause significant modulations of the age spectrum shape. In fact, one particular QBO phase may determine the spectrum's mode during the following 2–3 years. Interpretation of the age spectrum in terms of transport contributions due to the residual circulation and mixing is generally not straightforward. It turns out that advection by the residual circulation represents the dominant pathway in the deep tropics and in the winter hemisphere extratropics above 500 K, controlling the modal age in these regions. In contrast, in the summer hemisphere, particularly in the lowermost stratosphere, mixing represents the most probable pathway controlling the modal age.