bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil and Water Salinization in Ghaleh Ghazi Region, Iran
Authors: Sadeghi A. , Zehtabian Gh. , Moradi N. , Nohegar A. , Khosravi H. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Approximately 34% of soils in Asia are influenced by salts. With about 25 million ha of saline and alkaline lands, about 15% of the country, Iran has the most saline lands in Asia after China, India, and Pakistan due to its geographical position, climate and human activities. This research was done due to determine the effective factors on soil and water salinization. At the first the boundaries of this region were characterized using GIS, then landuses were determined for field survey and also soil sampling in nine landuses were done according to both factors of planting pattern and water resources in each unit. The soil profile was prepared and soil samples were obtained from surface depths of (0 - 50 cm) and some factors such as soil texture EC, SAR, pH, CaCO3, Cl and potassium were measured. For study of water resources some samples were obtained from 30 wells and also from upland runoff, then soil and water sample were analyzed and some parameters such as EC, SAR, Cl− and pH were measured. Finally, according to data base, geological map, topography map, landuse map, soil and water measured data and also field studies, soil and water salinization schedule and region status were investigated. The results showed that important factors influencing water salinization in Ghaleh Ghazi region (Iran) are geological formations located in aquifer recharge and climate condition. Important factors of soil salinization in region are irrigation with saline water, improper irrigation method, unsuitable planting method, climate condition and landform.
Grouping Bread Wheat Genotypes and Lines based on Some Morphological Traits Using Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Pasandi M. , Janmohammadi M. , Movahedi Z. , Sabaghnia N. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe knowledge about the extent of variability among bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) genotypes is a high value for the genetic improvement programs and the efficient genetic diversity utilization of plant materials. The objective of this research was to assess the morphological characteristics of 56 common wheat genotypes which were planted under field condition and their morphological traits were recorded. The principal components (PC) analysis, factor analysis and clustering procedure were applied to group genotypes according to similarity on the basis of the measured traits. Results showed that the first two PCs explain 41% of the total variation. The PC and factor analyses grouped genotypes into four groups while the cluster analysis grouped them into five distinct clusters. The cluster I had good resistance to yellow rust and salinity while the cluster II, had good resistance to drought, cold and salinity. The cluster III had high tolerance to cold stress and low temperatures but the cluster IV had good tolerance to drought, brown rust and yellow rust. Also, cluster V had various properties including tolerance abiotic stresses, resistance to biotic stresses, resistant to lodging and semi-dwarf property. The results of this research will support efforts of conservation and utilization of genotypes in bread wheat breeding programs.
Effect of Sowing Date and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. var. Speed Feed) Forage Production in a Summer Intercropping System
Authors: Joorabi S. , Akbari N. , Chaichi M. R. , Azizi Kh. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
To evaluate the interaction effects of planting date and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. Speed feed) forage production, an experiment was conducted in split plots based on a complete randomized block design in Agricultural Research Station of Khorramabad, Lorestan province, Iran. The experimental treatments comprised of three nitrogen fertilizer levels of control (N0), 100 (N1), and 150 kg per hectare (N2), assigned to main plots and three sowing dates of T1 (June, 10th), T2 (June 26th) and T3 (July 11th) assigned to subplots. Results showed that in sum of two harvests, the yield of hay, forage, leaf and shoot hay weigh in second planting date and N2 and N3 level of fertility was higher than all treatments. In the case of quality treatments the percent of crude protein in first harvest had the most amounts in first and second planting date and N1, N2 and N3 fertility levels. Crude fiber percentage in first harvest of second planting date was highest in N1, N2 and N3 levels of fertility. Treatment interactions had not any significant effect for crude fiber. The most ash percent was observed in first harvest and N1, N2 and N3 fertility level. In second harvest time N2 and N3 fertility levels were superior to the rest. Also, fat percentage in first and second planting date and N1, N2 and N3 increased than the control fertility treatment.
Pollen Sources for Honey Bee Colonies at Land with Desert Nature during Dearth Period
Authors: Abou-Shaara H.F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAutumn is a critical period for honey bee colonies and the weak colonies during autumn are likely to be lost during winter. The colonies need good pollen sources during this period to be able to foster enough brood, to boost colonies survival ability during winter. The situation is worse in desert areas where few pollen sources are expected to be existed. Identifying the availability of pollen sources for honey bees at desert areas is very essential to present appropriate recommendations regarding colonies feeding and suitable plants to be cultivated in such areas. Thus, the study objective is to identify pollen sources for honey bee colonies during the autumn at El-Bostan region (a region with desert nature). Samples of bee bread were collected at different times during autumn. The samples were microscopically analyzed and pollen sources were then identified. Nine plants belong to six plant families (Pedaliaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Myrtaceae, Resedaceae, and Casuarinaceae) were classified as major pollen sources. The most abundant plants were casuarina and eucalyptus during autumn. Beekeepers are advised to supply their colonies regularly (each two weeks) with pollen substitutes or supplements during autumn at El-Bostan region. Honey bee workers tend to mix different pollen types together in bee bread when different pollen sources are available. The number of pollen sources in the bee bread can be used to assess the richness degree of any region with suitable pollen sources to honey bees. The identified pollen sources in this study are recommended to be cultivated in lands with similar desert nature, to provide honey bee colonies with protein feeding during this critical period of the year.
Ozone Concentration at Ground Level Depending on the Content of NOx and Meteorological Conditions
Authors: Kalbarczyk Robert , Kalbarczyk Eliza , Niedźwiecka-Filipiak Irena , Serafin Liliana 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This study analyzed the temporal variation of tropospheric ozone (O3) in Poznan (midwestern Poland) on the basis of data collected from a State Environmental Monitoring air quality assessment station. The aim was to investigate the distribution and variation of O3 levels and to assess the relationship with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and meteorological conditions. These relationships were assessed by multiple regression analysis and cluster analysis. The O3 levels showed a high annual, seasonal and daily volatility, and were significantly influenced by meteorological conditions and NOx levels. High O3 levels were accompanied by above-average levels of radiation (Rad), air temperature (Ta
) and wind speed (Ws
), together with below-average values of NOx and humidity (Rh
). Atmospheric pressure (Ph
) had an ambiguous effect on O3 levels.
Effects of Different Irrigation Strategies on Soil Water, Salt, and Nitrate Nitrogen Transport
Authors: Xu Chi , Zeng Wen-Zhi , Wu Jing-Wei , Huang Jie-Sheng 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Intermittent irrigation has attracted much attention as a water-saving technology in arid and semi-arid regions. For understanding the effect of intermittent irrigation on water and solute storage varied from irrigation amount per time (IRA), irrigation application frequency (IRAF), irrigation intervals (IRI) and even soil texture (ST), intermittent irrigation experiment was carried out in 33 micro-plots in Inner Mongolia, China. The experiment results were used for the calibration and validation of HYDRUS-1D software. Then 3 ST (silty clay loam, silty loam, and silty clay), 5 IRA (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm), 4 IRAF (2, 3, 4, and 5 times) and 4 IRI (1, 2, 3, and 4 days) were combined and total 240 scenarios were simulated by HYDRUS-1D. Analysis of variance (ANVOA) of simulated results indicated that ST, IRA, and IRAF had significant effect on salt and nitrate nitrogen (NO3
−-N) storage of 0-40 cm depth soil in intermittent irrigation while only ST affected soil water storage obviously. Furthermore, salt leaching percentage (SLP) and water use efficiency (WUE) of 0-40 cm depth were calculated and statistical prediction models for SLP were established based on the ANOVA using multiple regression analysis in each soil texture. Then constraint conditions of soil water storage (around field capacity), salt storage (smaller than 168 mg·cm−2), WUE (as large as possible) in 0-40 cm depth and total irrigation water amount (less than 25 cm) were proposed to find out the optimal intermittent irrigation strategies. Before sowing, the optimal irrigation strategy for silty clay loam soil was 6 cm IRA, 3 times IRAF, and 2 days IRI respectively. For silty loam and silty clay soils, IRA, IRAF, and IRI were 8 cm, 3 times, and 2 days respectively.
Evaluation of the Contact Angle of Hydrophobised Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete with Sewage Sludge
Authors: Barnat-Hunek Danuta , Smarzewski Piotr , Łagód Grzegorz , Suchorab Zbigniew 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The aim of the research presented in the paper was to evaluate the feasibility of using hydrophobic preparations based on organosilicon compounds for protection treatment of lightweight aggregates modified with municipal sewage sludge. Issues related to the wettability of the surface layer of hydrophobised lightweight-aggregate concrete supplemented with sewage sludge are discussed in the paper. The experimental part of the study is focused on the physical and mechanical characteristics of lightweight-aggregate concrete and the effect of two hydrophobic preparations on the contact angle of the material. The contact angle for lightweight concrete (θw
) was determined as a function of time using one measurement liquid. The hydrophobic coatings in the structure of lightweight concrete modified with sewage sludge were shown using electron microscopy. The investigations demonstrated the effectiveness of hydrophobisation of porous lightweight concretes. On the hydrophobic surfaces, the contact angles decreased with time and depended on the preparations used. The results of the research confirm the possibility to produce lightweight aggregate-concretes modified with sewage sludge with appropriate surface protection against external moisture.
New Indices Determining Heavy Metals Migration in a Sewage Sludge
Authors: Gawdzik Andrzej , Gawdzik Jarosław , Gawdzik Barbara , Gawdzik Alicja 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The four step procedure developed by the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) is the optimum means of identifying heavy metal fractions in sewage sludge samples. Using the BCR procedure enables to get the date basing on which one can calculate metal stability index which supplies information on the strength of metal bonds with mineral organic soil components. Unfortunately, very popular formulae describing this index do not possess any theoretical justification and do not generate all values in the range of [0; 1]. Hence, in this paper one has presented new formulae describing not only the stability index but also a strictly connected with it the mobility index. In addition, one has suggested that these new formulae depend on the Equivalent Population (EP) indicator.
Considerations of Impact of Venturi Effect on Mesophilic Digestion
Authors: Machnicka Alicja , Grübel Klaudiusz , Mirota Kryspin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation caused by the Venturi effect is one of the most promising methods of sewage sludge pre-treatment. This study has been carried out to investigate the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on disintegration of activated sludge foam and mesophilic fermentation. Cavitation was generated in standard Venturi tube with the diameter ratio β = d
0/d
1 = 0.30, working at σ = 0.249. Detailed Computational Fluid Design (CFD) analysis in class of k-∈ model of internal flow has been presented. Obtained analytical investigation results confirmed the effect of strong disruption of microorganism cells and release of free organic substance into the liquid phase. After a short (30 minutes) pre-treatment, chemical oxygen demand increased by 8.63 times while Müller’s disintegration degree was 50%. Moreover, undertaken mesophilic digestion trials brought significant improvement in biogas production.
Effects of Foliar Application of Titanium on Seed Yield in Timothy (Phleum pratense L.)
Authors: Radkowski Adam , Radkowska Iwona , Lemek Tadeusz 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Titanium is one of a plant biostimulators. It stimulates life processes, growth and development, as well as affects physiological and biochemical pathways, often increasing biomass production and enhancing yield. An open field experiment was conducted in the years 2011-2013 in Polanowice, Poland to investigate the effects of titanium foliar fertilization on the growth of timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.). This single-factor, randomized block design study was performed in four replicates on research plots with the area of 10 m2 each. The substrate was black loess soil (chernozem) typical for top class farmland. Titanium fertilization via leaf spray was performed with a water solution of Tytanit® at three doses of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 dm3 · ha−1. Foliar fertilization with the highest dose of Tytanit® significantly increased seed yield, thousand grain weight and germination capacity. Moreover, the middle dose of Tytanit® (0.4 dm3 · ha−1) was enough to observe a positive effect on the sample.
The European AVIDICUS projects: Collaborating to assess the viability of video-mediated interpreting in legal proceedings
Authors: Braun Sabine 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper reports on a long-term European project collaboration between academic researchers and non-academic institutions in Europe to investigate the quality and viability of video-mediated interpreting in legal proceedings (AVIDICUS: Assessment of Video-Mediated Interpreting in the Criminal Justice System).
Structural analysis of hardwood native lignins by quantitative 13C NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Balakshin Mikhail Yu. , Capanema Ewellyn A. , Santos Ricardo B. , Chang Hou-min , Jameel Hasan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Milled wood lignins from alkaline pretreated wood with very low sugar content and a wide range of syringyl-to-guaiacyl (S/G) ratio between 1.2 and 3.0 were isolated from 12 industrially valuable hardwood (HW) species. The lignin preparations were investigated by means of a comprehensive 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methodology to address the possibilities and limitations of this approach for HW native lignins and to estimate the structural variations within HW lignins. Good correlations were found for different independent methods for the quantification of major lignin moieties. The results were reliable at the C6 level and not only for relative comparison. The correlation was good between methoxyl group determinations by wet chemistry and those by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The limitations of the 13C NMR method were also pointed out. The differences in the S/G ratios can be large, but other structural deviations are less significant. Strong correlations between the S/G ratios and the amounts of other structural peculiarities could not be found by the 13C NMR approach. However, with increasing S/G ratios, the β-O-4 content showed increasing tendencies and the degree of condensation showed decreasing tendencies.
Investigation of Hot In-Place Recycling Effects on Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Quresh Nadeem Anwer , Khurshid Bilal 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In March 2006, a hot in-place recycling (HIR) technique was employed for the first time on Lahore-Islamabad Motorway (M-2) to rehabilitate sections where the rut depth was about 40 mm. Since HIR technology was new to Pakistan, research was carried out to study the effects of recycled wearing course on overall pavement performance. This was accomplished by comparing structural adequacy of pavement and material characterization before and after recycling. Laboratory investigations included hot mix asphalt (HMA) volumeteric analysis, aggregate gradation analysis, extracted asphalt properties (penetration test and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR)) and resilient modulus. Analysis of recycled HMA wearing course indicated a reduction in modulus for a mix which was stiff and aged prior to recycling. Relative degradation of the aggregates in HMA wearing course, before and after recycling, was observed; however, it remained close to National Highway Authority (NHA) standard specifications. The research enhanced awareness of HIR among local engineers and contractors.
Application of Numerical Laplace Inversion Methods in Chemical Engineering with Maple®
Authors: Wójcik Małgorzata , Szukiewicz Mirosław , Kowalik Paweł 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this paper, the procedure of choice of the effective numerical inversion method of Laplace transform for solving of the mathematical model of gas flow was shown. Two inversion methods are evaluated in this work: the Gaver-Stehfest method, and the Dubner and Abate method. The numerical tests has been made using test functions. Based on the test results the fast and accurate method was selected and applied for modeling of the gas flow. The Gaver-Stehfest method has proven the most effective. The model was developed using the computer algebra system Maple®. Implementation of the methods were done by authors.
Macroeconomic Policies Interaction & the Symmetry of Financial Markets’ Responses
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Ali , Soliman Alaa M. , Yago Milton , Wu Junjie 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This concise study analyses the symmetry of financial markets’ responses to macroeconomic policy interaction in the United Kingdom. Employing the Vector Auto-regression (VAR) model on monthly data of the British financial sector and macroeconomic policies from January 1985 to August 2008, this study found that the equity and sovereign debt markets showed identical symmetry in response to macroeconomic policy interaction.
How Far Ahead Does the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Look?1
Authors: Bulut Umit 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In monetary economics literature, there is an agreement that monetary policy has a lagged effect on inflation. As a result of this agreement, monetary policy reaction functions that include expected inflation, instead of current or lagged inflation, are established. On the other hand, there is uncertainty about how much time monetary policy needs to affect inflation. The purpose of this paper is to estimate empirically how far ahead the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey looks. In other words, the paper examines whether the CBRT takes into consideration 12-month ahead inflation expectations or 24-month ahead inflation expectations while steering interest rates. According to the results of the paper, the CBRT considers 12-month ahead inflation expectations while steering interest rates.
Financial Stability Indicators – The Case of Croatia1
Authors: Dumičić Mirna 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper considers financial stability through the processes of accumulation and materialisation of systemic risks. To this end, the method of principal component analysis on the example of Croatia has been used to construct two composite indicators – a systemic risk accumulation index and an index reflecting the consequences of systemic risk materialisation. In the construction of the indices, the features and risks specific to small open economies were considered. Such an approach to systemic risk analysis facilitates the monitoring and understanding of the degree of financial stability and communication of macroprudential policy makers with the public.
Conceptions of Landscape-Ecological Relevance Emerged in the Czech Botany during the Second Half of Twentieth Century
Authors: Kovář Pavel 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper summarizes those substantial theoretical concepts or methods for applications within interdisciplinary or practical uses published by Czech autors (geobotanists = ecological botanists, plant ecologists and ecophysiologists) during the second half of the 20th century, that were internationally cited. All selected thematical clusters are of landscape-ecological relevance through various contexts. Examples include the concepts of (potential) reconstructed vegetation in maps (R. Neuhäusl, Z. Neuhäuslová), linear vegetation features (corridors in landscape) and deductive classification of vegetation (K. Kopecký), analysis of soil seed bank (Z. Kropáč), dependency of macrophyte plant stands on ecodynamics (S. Hejný), dynamic periodicity in segetal vegetation (Z. Kropáč, E. Hadač, S. Hejný), anemo-orographic system explaining species richness in mountain regions (J. Jeník), productivity in grassland ecosystems (M. Rychnovská, J. Květ), elementary landscape units based on homogenity and potential vegetation (E. Hadač), landscape dispensation phenomena (V. Ložek), afforestation of coastal sandy dunes – the Netherlands, and polluted areas - the Czech Republic (J. Fanta), invasive plants and invasions into landscapes (M. Rejmánek).
Bayesian estimation of the hydraulic and solute transport properties of a small-scale unsaturated soil column
Authors: Moreira Paulo H. S. , van Genuchten Martinus Th. , Orlande Helcio R. B. , Cotta Renato M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this study the hydraulic and solute transport properties of an unsaturated soil were estimated simultaneously from a relatively simple small-scale laboratory column infiltration/outflow experiment. As governing equations we used the Richards equation for variably saturated flow and a physical non-equilibrium dual-porosity type formulation for solute transport. A Bayesian parameter estimation approach was used in which the unknown parameters were estimated with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method through implementation of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Sensitivity coefficients were examined in order to determine the most meaningful measurements for identifying the unknown hydraulic and transport parameters. Results obtained using the measured pressure head and solute concentration data collected during the unsaturated soil column experiment revealed the robustness of the proposed approach.
A stochastic approach to the operative control of flood flows through a reservoir
Authors: Jaroš Lubomír , Starý Miloš , Březková Lucie 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The contribution focuses on the design of a control algorithm aimed at the operative control of runoff water from a reservoir during flood situations. Management is based on the stochastically specified forecast of water inflow into the reservoir. From a mathematical perspective, the solved task presents the control of a dynamic system whose predicted hydrological input (water inflow) is characterised by significant uncertainty. The algorithm uses a combination of simulation model data, in which the position of the bottom outlets is sought via nonlinear optimisation methods, and artificial intelligence methods (adaptation and fuzzy model). The task is written in the technical computing language MATLAB using the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox.