bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum dynamics study of energy requirement on reactivity for the HBr + OH reaction with a negative-energy barrier
Authors: Wang Yuping , Li Yida , Wang Dunyou 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA time-dependent, quantum reaction dynamics approach in full dimensional, six degrees of freedom was carried out to study the energy requirement on reactivity for the HBr + OH reaction with an early, negative energy barrier. The calculation shows both the HBr and OH vibrational excitations enhance the reactivity. However, even this reaction has a negative energy barrier, the calculation shows not all forms of energy are equally effective in promoting the reactivity. On the basis of equal amount of total energy, the vibrational energies of both the HBr and OH are more effective in enhancing the reactivity than the translational energy, whereas the rotational excitations of both the HBr and OH hinder the reactivity. The rate constants were also calculated for the temperature range between 5 to 500 K. The quantal rate constants have a better slope agreement with the experimental data than quasi-classical trajectory results.
Biodegradable Magnesium Screws Accelerate Fibrous Tissue Mineralization at the Tendon-Bone Insertion in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Model of Rabbit
Authors: Wang Jiali , Xu Jiankun , Fu Weimin , Cheng Wenxiang , Chan Kaiming , Yung Patrick Shu-hang , Qin Ling 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe incorporation of tendon graft into bone tunnel is one of the most challenging clinical issues in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. As a biodegradable metal, Mg has appropriate mechanical strength and osteoinductive effects, thus may be a promising alternative to commercialized products used for graft fixation. Therefore, it was hypothesized that Mg based interference screws would promote tendon graft-bone junction healing when compared to Ti screws. Herein, we compared the effects of Mg and Ti screws on tendon graft healing in rabbits with ACL reconstruction via histological, HR-pQCT and mechanical analysis. The histological results indicated that Mg screws significantly improved the graft healing quality via promoting mineralization at the tendon graft enthesis. Besides, Mg screws significantly promoted bone formation in the peri-screw region at the early healing stage. Importantly, Mg screws exhibited excellent corrosion resistance and the degradation of Mg screws did not induce bone tunnel widening. In tensile testing, there were no significant differences in the load to failure, stress, stiffness and absorption energy between Mg and Ti groups due to the failure mode at the midsubstance. Our findings demonstrate that Mg screws can promote tendon graft healing after ACL reconstruction, implying a potential alternative to Ti screws for clinical applications.
Rules of tissue packing involving different cell types: human muscle organization
Authors: Sánchez-Gutiérrez Daniel , Sáez Aurora , Gómez-Gálvez Pedro , Paradas Carmen , Escudero Luis M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNatural packed tissues are assembled as tessellations of polygonal cells. These include skeletal muscles and epithelial sheets. Skeletal muscles appear as a mosaic composed of two different types of cells: the “slow” and “fast” fibres. Their relative distribution is important for the muscle function but little is known about how the fibre arrangement is established and maintained. In this work we capture the organizational pattern in two different healthy muscles: biceps brachii and quadriceps. Here we show that the biceps brachii muscle presents a particular arrangement, based on the different sizes of slow and fast fibres. By contrast, in the quadriceps muscle an unbiased distribution exists. Our results indicate that the relative size of each cellular type imposes an intrinsic organization into natural tessellations. These findings establish a new framework for the analysis of any packed tissue where two or more cell types exist.
Quantitative proteomic profiling of the extracellular matrix of pancreatic islets during the angiogenic switch and insulinoma progression
Authors: Naba Alexandra , Clauser Karl R. , Mani D. R. , Carr Steven A. , Hynes Richard O. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe angiogenic switch, the time at which a tumor becomes vascularized, is a critical step in tumor progression. Indeed, without blood supply, tumors will fail to grow beyond 1 mm3 and are unlikely to disseminate. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a major component of the tumor microenvironment, is known to undergo significant changes during angiogenesis and tumor progression. However the extent of these changes remains unknown. In this study, we used quantitative proteomics to profile the composition of the ECM of pancreatic islets in a mouse model of insulinoma characterized by a precisely timed angiogenic switch. Out of the 120 ECM proteins quantified, 35 were detected in significantly different abundance as pancreatic islets progressed from being hyperplastic to angiogenic to insulinomas. Among these, the core ECM proteins, EFEMP1, fibrillin 1, and periostin were found in higher abundance, and decorin, Dmbt1, hemicentin, and Vwa5 in lower abundance. The angiogenic switch being a common feature of solid tumors, we propose that some of the proteins identified represent potential novel anti-angiogenic targets. In addition, we report the characterization of the ECM composition of normal pancreatic islets and propose that this could be of interest for the design of tissue-engineering strategies for treatment of diabetes.
Alcohol-dose-dependent DNA methylation and expression in the nucleus accumbens identifies coordinated regulation of synaptic genes
Authors: Cervera-Juanes R , Wilhelm L J , Park B , Grant K A , Ferguson B 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlterations in DNA methylation have been associated with alcohol exposure and proposed to contribute to continued alcohol use; however, the molecular mechanisms involved remain obscure. We investigated the escalating effects of alcohol use on DNA methylation, gene expression and predicted neural effects in the nucleus accumbens of rhesus macaques that self-administered 4% alcohol for over 12 months. Using an exploratory approach to identify CpG-rich regions, followed by bisulfite sequencing, the methylation levels of 2.7 million CpGs were compared between seven low-binge drinkers and nine heavy–very heavy drinking subjects. We identified 17 significant differential methylation regions (DMRs), including 14 with methylation levels that were correlated with average daily alcohol consumption. The size of the DMRs ranged from 29 to 158 bp (mean=63.7), included 4–19 CpGs per DMR (mean=8.06) and spanned a range of average methylation values from 5 to 34%. Eight of the DMRs mapped to genes implicated in modulating synaptic plasticity. Six of the synaptic genes have not previously been linked to alcohol use. Validation studies of these eight DMRs using bisulfite amplicon sequencing and an expanded set of 30 subjects confirmed the significant alcohol-dose-associated methylation of the DMRs. Expression analysis of three of the DMR-associated genes, LRP5, GPR39 and JAKMIP1, revealed significant correlations between DMR methylation and whole-gene or alternative transcript expression, supporting a functional role in regulating gene expression. Together, these studies suggest that alcohol-associated synaptic remodeling may be regulated and coordinated at the level of DNA methylation.
Swift heavy ion irradiation of interstellar dust analogues
Authors: Dartois E. , Chabot M. , Pino T. , Béroff K. , Godard M. , Severin D. , Bender M. , Trautmann C. 
Published: January 2017

Context. Interstellar dust grain particles are immersed in vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and cosmic ray radiation environments influencing their physicochemical composition. Owing to the energetic ionizing interactions, carbonaceous dust particles release fragments that have direct impact on the gas phase chemistry.
Aims. The exposure of carbonaceous dust analogues to cosmic rays is simulated in the laboratory by irradiating films of hydrogenated amorphous carbon interstellar analogues with energetic ions. New species formed and released into the gas phase are explored.
Methods. Thin carbonaceous interstellar dust analogues were irradiated with gold (950 MeV), xenon (630 MeV), and carbon (43 MeV) ions at the GSI UNILAC accelerator. The evolution of the dust analogues is monitored in situ as a function of fluence at 40, 100, and 300 K. Effects on the solid phase are studied by means of infrared spectroscopy complemented by simultaneously recording mass spectrometry of species released into the gas phase.
Results. Specific species produced and released under the ion beam are analyzed. Cross sections derived from ion-solid interaction processes are implemented in an astrophysical context.
Retrospective Matched-Pair Cohort Study on Effect of Bisegmental Fenestration versus Hemilaminectomy for Bisegmental Spinal Canal Stenosis at L3–L4 and L4–L5
Authors: Weber Friedrich , Schüppel Julia 
Published: January 2017

Background The main symptoms of degenerative lumbar spinal canal stenosis are progressive back pain, spinal claudication, and, occasionally, sensory and motor deficits. Impairments particularly occur during walking, standing, and sitting. Thus social and vocational activities are increasingly restricted, causing considerable suffering for patients. Surgical therapies are superior to conservative ones. This article studies the outcome of 2-level fenestration versus hemilaminectomy for bisegmental spinal stenosis decompression.
Methods This retrospective matched-pair cohort study included a total of 144 patients who underwent surgery for bisegmental spinal stenosis at the levels L3-4 and L4-5 between 2008 and 2012. There were 72 matching pairs that corresponded in sex, year of birth, and width of the stenosed segments. The patients' impairments were reported before, immediately after, and 6 and 12 months after surgery using the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ-D) and the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D). The data were evaluated statistically.
Results The comparison of both surgical procedures regarding walking ability (walking a distance with and without a walking aid) revealed a significant difference. Patients who underwent hemilaminectomy had better postoperative results. The individual criteria of the ODQ-D and EQ-5D revealed no significant differences between 2-level fenestration and hemilaminectomy; however, there is always significant postoperative improvement in comparison with preoperative status. Age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, smoking, and alcohol consumption had no influence on the surgical results. The reoperation rate was between 13% and 15% for both surgical techniques, not being significantly different.
Conclusion Fenestration and hemilaminectomy are equivalent therapies for bisegmental lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Regarding walking, the study revealed better results for hemilaminectomy than for fenestration in this cohort of patients. Pain intensity, personal care, lifting and carrying of objects, sitting, social life, and travel all improved significantly postoperatively as compared with preoperatively. In both groups, health status as the decisive predictor improved considerably after surgery. We could show that both surgical methods result in significant postoperative improvement of all the individual criteria of the ODQ-D and the EQ-5D.
Evaluation of Glutathione Peroxidase and KCNJ11 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with New Onset Diabetes Mellitus After Renal Transplantation
Authors: Yalin Gulsah , Akgul Sebahat , Tanrikulu Seher , Purisa Sevim , Gul Nurdan , Uzum Ayse , Sarvan Fatma , Sever Mehmet , Satman Ilhan 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Introduction Genetic mutations such as C599T polymorphism in glutathione peroxidase [GPX1] gene and polymorphisms in potassium channel (KCNJ11) genes have recently been proposed in the etiopathogenesis of new onset diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation (NODAT). We aimed to examine the association of GPX1 and KCNJ11 polymorphisms in NODAT.
Materials and Methods This is a monocenter case-control study with a total of 118 renal transplant recipients who were divided into 2 groups; NODAT and normal glucose tolerance. Relation of GPX1 and KCNJ11 polymorphisms were investigated between these groups. PCR-RFLP method was used for genotyping of polymorphisms in the GPX1 (rs1050450) and KCNJ11 (rs1805127) genes. Two alleles were visualized for each gene (C/T for GPX1 and A/G for KCNJ11).
Results NODAT was correlated with age at transplantation (p<0.001, r=0.380), post-transplant systolic blood pressure (BP) (p=0.02, r=0.211), post-transplant non-HDL cholesterol levels (p=0.01, r=0.803), degree of weight change at the end of the first year (p=0.01, r=0.471), presence of pre-transplant hypertension (HT) (p=0.02, r=0.201), family history of diabetes (p=0.01, r=0.29) and dyslipidemia (p=0.012, r=0.362). GPX1 polymorphism of TT (mutant) allele was significantly more frequent in patients with NODAT (p<0.001, r=0.396) independent from other diabetogenic risk factors. KCNJ11 polymorphisms were similar in both groups and did not show any significant association with NODAT (p=0.10).
Conclusions In addition to several diabetogenic risk factors, C599T polymorphisms in GPX1 gene might also contribute to the development of NODAT. Further studies on larger patient series are necessary in order to reach definitive suggestions.
How can mentoring support women in a male-dominated workplace? A case study of the UK police force
Authors: Jones Jenni 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThere is little academic research in relation to mentoring, learning and women, particularly in the male-dominated organizational context of the UK Police force. Currently, there is a Home Office drive to address inequality within the UK Police with a number of initiatives proposed including mentoring interventions, flexible working arrangements and positive-action recruitment initiatives. The purpose of this study is to investigate what policewomen mentees and mentors perceive they are learning through formal mentoring over time and how this makes a difference for them in the workplace. This will provide insights into whether Government investment in formal mentoring is the right intervention to help create a more gender-reflective, more equal workforce, in the Police. This study takes a critical realist position and an interpretivist theoretical perspective investigating a single case study organization. Key themes, spread across the four phases of the mentoring lifecycle were explored through 68 semi-structured interviews and four focus groups. Key findings are uncovered in relation to learning outcomes for these policewomen, both as mentees and mentors. It was found that mentoring added value across all four learning domains (cognitive, skills, affective-related and social networks) and that the largest number of responses over time, were in relation to the affective-related domain, particularly building self-confidence. These findings are significant as they demonstrate that formal mentoring programmes can support and empower women within the specific workplace of the UK Police. In conclusion, if women are being precluded from breaking the “glass labyrinth” because of lack of knowledge, opportunity and networks to progress within this context, then mentoring could be part of this solution. If the masculine organizational culture is also creating prejudice and obstacles for women in the workplace (the “concrete floor”), then mentoring might be one way towards breaking down these barriers. In addition, if all (or some) of these factors are contributing to women’s lower self-confidence levels and the “sticky floor” syndrome, then again the findings suggest that mentoring may be part of the solution towards empowering women beyond their current role. It is hoped that these insights will impact the emphasis put on the various Home Office recommendations and the initiatives offered by different Police forces. It is also hoped that these insights will have implications for other organizations that are considering investing in mentoring interventions, for similar groups or beyond. This article is published as part of a collection on the role of women in management and the workplace.
Acetylation promotes TyrRS nuclear translocation to prevent oxidative damage
Authors: Cao Xuanye , Li Chaoqun , Xiao Siyu , Tang Yunlan , Huang Jing , Zhao Shuan , Li Xueyu , Li Jixi , Zhang Ruilin , Yu Wei 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) comprise a family of 20 enzymes that catalyze the first step of protein synthesis by esterifying specific amino acids to the 3′ ends of their cognate tRNAs. Protein acetylation, an evolutionarily conserved posttranslational modification, has recently been extensively investigated to regulate diverse cellular processes. This work provides the molecular evidence that one of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases is modulated by reversible acetylation. This study not only reveals a regulatory mechanism for the tRNA synthetase tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) due to a posttranslational modification but also enriches knowledge of the regulatory pathway between p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and the DNA damage/repair response.
Centuries of thermal sea-level rise due to anthropogenic emissions of short-lived greenhouse gases
Authors: Zickfeld Kirsten , Solomon Susan , Gilford Daniel M. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Human activities such as fossil-fuel burning have increased emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), which have warmed the Earth’s atmosphere and ocean and caused sea levels to rise. Some of these GHGs (e.g., methane) have atmospheric lifetimes of decades or less, whereas others (e.g., carbon dioxide) persist for centuries to millennia. As policy seeks to reduce climate changes, it is important to understand how mitigation of different gases each contributes to this goal. Our study shows that short-lived GHGs contribute to thermal expansion of the ocean over much longer time scales than their atmospheric lifetimes. Actions taken to reduce emissions of short-lived gases could mitigate centuries of additional future sea-level rise.
C-type lectin receptor DCIR modulates immunity to tuberculosis by sustaining type I interferon signaling in dendritic cells
Authors: Troegeler Anthony , Mercier Ingrid , Cougoule Céline , Pietretti Danilo , Colom André , Duval Carine , Vu Manh Thien-Phong , Capilla Florence , Poincloux Renaud , Pingris Karine , Nigou Jérôme , Rademann Jörg , Dalod Marc , Verreck Frank A. W. , Al Saati Talal , Lugo-Villarino Geanncarlo , Lepenies Bernd , Hudrisier Denis , Neyrolles Olivier 
Published: January 2017

SignificanceTuberculosis (TB) is an immunopathology, mostly of the lung, due to an overexuberant immune response to the bacterial pathogenMycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that dendritic cell (DC) immunoreceptor (DCIR), a C-type lectin receptor expressed by DCs, modulates immunity to TB by sustaining type I IFN signaling in DCs. These findings were generalized beyond TB, in a model of in vivo antigen-presentation assay unrelated toM. tuberculosis, suggesting that they may extend to other pathologies, such as viral infections or autoimmune disorders. Thus, modulating DCIR activity may help to develop type I IFN-targeting therapies for a large repertoire of inflammatory disorders, including TB.
Crystal structure and mechanistic basis of a functional homolog of the antigen transporter TAP
Authors: Nöll Anne , Thomas Christoph , Herbring Valentina , Zollmann Tina , Barth Katja , Mehdipour Ahmad Reza , Tomasiak Thomas M. , Brüchert Stefan , Joseph Benesh , Abele Rupert , Oliéric Vincent , Wang Meitian , Diederichs Kay , Hummer Gerhard , Stroud Robert M. , Pos Klaas M. , Tampé Robert 
Published: January 2017

Significance
ABC transporters shuttle chemically diverse substances across membranes in an energy-dependent manner. They mediate multidrug resistance in microorganisms and cancer cells and can cause human pathologies when dysfunctional. Although important insights into ABC transporters have been gained in recent years, fundamental questions concerning their mechanism remain open. Here, we identify the protein complex TmrAB as a functional homolog of the antigenic peptide transporter TAP and present its high-resolution structure. The structure adopts an asymmetric conformational state and is characterized by C-terminal zipper helices that are essential for efficient substrate translocation. The structure, together with functional studies, enables us to outline the general conformational dynamics of heterodimeric ABC transporters and to establish TmrAB as a model system for TAP.
Resistance to type 1 interferons is a major determinant of HIV-1 transmission fitness
Authors: Iyer Shilpa S. , Bibollet-Ruche Frederic , Sherrill-Mix Scott , Learn Gerald H. , Plenderleith Lindsey , Smith Andrew G. , Barbian Hannah J. , Russell Ronnie M. , Gondim Marcos V. P. , Bahari Catherine Y. , Shaw Christiana M. , Li Yingying , Decker Timothy , Haynes Barton F. , Shaw George M. , Sharp Paul M. , Borrow Persephone , Hahn Beatrice H. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Effective prevention strategies are urgently needed to control the spread of HIV-1. A critical barrier to developing such strategies is the lack of understanding of the host antiviral defenses that control HIV-1 replication in the mucosa at the site of entry. Here, we characterized viruses from matched donor and recipient pairs to determine whether transmitted HIV-1 strains exhibit traits that increase their transmission fitness. Characterizing 300 limiting dilution-derived isolates, we identified several properties that enhance virus replication in the face of a vigorous innate immune response, of which resistance to type 1 IFNs is the most important. These results provide new insights into the HIV-1 transmission process and define possible new targets for AIDS prevention and therapy.
Soluble klotho binds monosialoganglioside to regulate membrane microdomains and growth factor signaling
Authors: Dalton George , An Sung-Wan , Al-Juboori Saif I. , Nischan Nicole , Yoon Joonho , Dobrinskikh Evgenia , Hilgemann Donald W. , Xie Jian , Luby-Phelps Kate , Kohler Jennifer J. , Birnbaumer Lutz , Huang Chou-Long 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Soluble klotho is the shed ectodomain of the antiaging membrane protein α-klotho that exhibits pleiotropic actions, including down-regulation of growth factor-driven PI3K signaling, contributing to lifespan prolongation, cardioprotection, and tumor inhibition. Whether membrane receptors exist for soluble klotho is unknown. We identify lipid rafts as receptors for soluble klotho. We show klotho binds specific sialic acid residues of gangliosides highly enriched in the outer leaflet of lipid rafts. Klotho binding to gangliosides modulates lipid organization and inhibits lipid raft-dependent PI3K signaling. In vivo, klotho-deficient mouse hearts have heightened raft-dependent PI3K signaling vs. wild-type hearts. We reveal a novel physiological regulator of lipid raft structure and function, and open new research to understand pleiotropic effects of klotho in cell signaling and metabolism.
Facklamia Species as an Underrecognized Pathogen
Authors: Rahmati Elham , Martin Vanessa , Wong Darren , Sattler Fred , Petterson Jonas , Ward Pamela , Butler-Wu Susan M. , She Rosemary C. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Facklamia species are a rarely reported etiology of clinical infection with few cases described in literature. However, the prevalence of infection may be underestimated due to challenges in species identification. We describe 3 cases of Facklamia species bacteremia and the unique microbiologic aspects inherent to this genus that make it particularly challenging to identify. In addition, given the unique susceptibility profile of Facklamia species, we discuss the importance of fully identifying this organism when it is a suspected as a pathogen, to optimize therapy based on its distinct antibiotic resistance profile.