bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment therapy issued interactively through an iPad device: A non-inferiority study
Authors: Griffin Murray , Bentley John , Shanks Joseph , Wood Carly 
Published: February 2017

Introduction This study compared the differences in recorded speech variables between people treated with conventional ‘in person’ Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) and those treated remotely via iPad-based ‘Facetime’. Method Eight participants were selected for the iPad LSVT, and 21 similarly matched subjects were selected from existing data to form the ‘in person’ group. Participants in both groups had diagnosed idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and moderate hypokinetic dysarthria. Eighteen sessions of prescribed LSVT comprising a pre-treatment assessment, 16 treatment sessions, and a six months’ post-treatment assessment were administered for each person. In both groups, pre- and post-treatment assessments were conducted face-to-face. Performance measures were recorded during assessment and treatment. Average measures were determined for all tasks at all time points and a summary outcome variable was composed from across-task performance. Results Non-inferiority testing confirmed that iPad LSVT was non-inferior in treating all LSVT task 3 variables except generating words, with the 90% upper confidence intervals (CI) lying between the non-inferiority margin of ± 2.25 and zero. The iPad was superior in treating the task 3 rainbow reading passage and describing motor task variables with upper and lower 90% CI values being negative. The improvement in the summary outcome variable score was also superior in the iPad group. Discussion Non-inferiority testing implies that the iPad LSVT is non-inferior in treating task three variables when compared to traditional LSVT. The study supports further development of remote delivery solutions involving the Apple iPad and ‘Facetime’ system as a means of improving access to services and the participant’s experience.
Assessment of the restriction of arm elevation after intramedullary fixation for proximal humeral fractures
Authors: Inui Hiroaki , Nobuhara Katsuya 
Published: February 2017

Background Nail protrusion is suspected as a reason for the restriction of arm elevation after antegrade nailing of proximal humeral fractures, although assessment of the restriction of the glenohumeral joint during arm elevation has been insufficient. Methods In this retrospective study, 30 shoulders with proximal humeral fractures in 29 cases were treated with Polarus short nails (Acumed, Beaverton, OR, USA). At a mean final follow-up of 14 months, clinical outcomes, bony union, alignment including retroversion of the head and entry points of the nails were evaluated. The ability of a subject to achieve maximum elevation above the zero position was also evaluated. Results Constant and Japanese Shoulder Association scores were a mean (SD) of 54 (12) and 71 (8.9) points, respectively. Even though all cases achieved bony union without mal-alignment of the head and greater tuberosity height or protrusion of the nail at its entry point, only six subjects could achieve maximum elevation above the zero position. Conclusions Based on these findings, treatment of proximal humeral fractures with an antegrade humeral nail inserted from the top of the humeral head results in restricted arm elevation, even in patients without nail protrusion or fragment malalignment.
Treatment choices for depression: Young people’s response to a traditional e-health versus a Health 2.0 website
Authors: Scanlan Faye , Jorm Anthony , Reavley Nicola , Meyer Denny , Bhar Sunil 
Published: January 2017

Objective This exploratory experimental study compared young people’s credibility appraisals and behavioural intentions following exposure to depression treatment information on a Health 2.0 website versus a traditional website. The traditional website listed evidence-based treatment recommendations for depression as judged by field experts. The Health 2.0 website contained information about how helpful each treatment was, as aggregated from feedback from young people with lived experience of depression. Method Participants ( n = 279) were provided with a vignette asking them to imagine that they had just received a diagnosis of depression and they had gone online to find information to guide their treatment choices. They were randomly allocated to view either the traditional or the Health 2.0 website, and were asked to rate the credibility of the depression treatment information provided. They were also asked to indicate the extent to which they would be likely to act on the advice of the website. Results Participants in the traditional website condition rated their website as significantly more influential than did participants presented with the Health 2.0 website. This difference in treatment influence was fully accounted for the participants’ perception of credibility of the information provided by the websites. Conclusion The traditional website was rated as significantly more credible and influential than the Health 2.0 website. Treatment decisions appeared to be based on the extent to which online information appears credible. In conclusion, health-related content was perceived by users as more credible when endorsed by experts than by other users, and perceived message credibility appears to be a powerful determinant of behavioural intentions within the e-health setting.
Tissue tolerance: a distinct concept to control acute GVHD severity
Authors: Wu Shin-Rong , Reddy Pavan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Target tissue damage occurs as a consequence of pathological immune responses following allogeneic stem cell transplantation resulting in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Among those who study infections in plants, it is well recognized that tissues play a distinct role from the immune system in mediating disease severity. Recently, this has also been appreciated in mammals. However, the severity of immunopathology in the context of alloimmune diseases such as acute GVHD has been mainly understood and managed by direct targeting of immune cells to generate immune tolerance. The role of tissue-intrinsic factors that might contribute to regulation of acute GVHD severity has been largely overlooked. Here, we introduce the concept of “tissue tolerance” to discuss the tissue-specific programs that contribute to target tissue resilience, repair, and regeneration, and mitigate severity of acute GVHD without altering the load or function of alloreactive immune cells.
Fare Evasion in Transit Networks
Authors: Correa José , Harks Tobias , Kreuzen Vincent J. C. , Matuschke Jannik 
Published: February 2017

Public transit systems in major urban areas usually operate under deficits and therefore require significant subsidies. An important cause of this deficit, particularly in the developing world, is the high fare evasion rate mainly due to an ineffective control policy or the lack of it. In this paper we study new models for optimizing fare inspection strategies in transit networks based on bilevel programming. In the first level, the leader (the network operator) determines probabilities for inspecting passengers at different locations, while in the second level, the followers (the fare-evading passengers) respond by optimizing their routes given the inspection probabilities and travel times. To model the followers’ behavior we study both a nonadaptive variant, in which passengers select a path a priori and continue along it throughout their journey, and an adaptive variant, in which they gain information along the way and use it to update their route. For these problems, which are interesting in their own right, we design exact and approximation algorithms, and we prove a tight bound of 3/4 on the ratio of the optimal cost between adaptive and nonadaptive strategies. For the leader’s optimization problem, we study a fixed-fare and a flexible-fare variant, where ticket prices may or may not be set at the operator’s will. For the latter variant, we design an LP-based approximation algorithm. Finally, employing a local search procedure that shifts inspection probabilities within an initially determined support set, we perform an extensive computational study for all variants of the problem on instances of the Dutch railway and the Amsterdam subway network. This study reveals that our solutions are within 5% of theoretical upper bounds drawn from the LP relaxation. We also derive exact nonlinear programming formulations for all variants of the leader’s problem and use them to obtain exact solutions for small instance sizes. The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2016.1560 .
Femoral osteochondritis of the knee: Prognostic value of the mechanical axis
Authors: Gonzalez-Herranz P. , Rodriguez M.L. , de la Fuente C. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose Femoral osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a disorder of unknown aetiology and variable prognosis that causes knee pain. In this paper, the authors study the impact of lower limb malalignment on the development and prognosis of OCD. Methods After anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiograph and MRI of the knee, 53 cases of OCD were diagnosed. All patients were studied by standing full-length AP radiograph of the lower extremities in order to analyse the relationship between the femorotibial and mechanical axis and the location and stability of the osteochondritis. Results The OCD lesion was located in the medial condyle (zone 2) in 75.5% of cases (40 cases). The lateral condyle was affected in 24.5% of cases (zone 4 in nine cases and zone 5 in four cases). The femorotibial angle (anatomical axis) was normally aligned in 68% of cases. A valgus deformity was observed in 9.5% of cases and a varus deformity in 22.5%. The mechanical axis of the limb appeared normal in only 32% of cases, with medial deviation in 53%, and lateral deviation in 15% of cases. When the OCD lesion was located in the medial condyle (40 cases), the mechanical axis also crossed the knee through the medial zone in 28 cases. When the OCD lesion was located in the lateral condyle (13 cases), the mechanical axis crossed the knee through zones 1 or 2 in four cases. In stable OCD, the mechanical axis and location of the lesion coincided in 19 of 36 cases (52%), compared with 16 of 17 cases (94%) in unstable OCD. Conclusions There is a high correlation between OCD location and lower limb mechanical axis deviation. The convergence of the mechanical axis with the location of the OCD lesion may be considered an associated factor in fragment instability. This convergence is more common in unstable OCD.
Fluoroscopic imaging overestimates the screw tip to subchondral bone distance in a cadaveric model of slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Authors: Heffernan M.J. , Snyder B. , Zhou H. , Li X. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose Intra-operative imaging plays a key role in screw placement for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Complications have been associated with inadequate screw position. The purpose of this study was to evaluate computed tomography (CT) (3D fluoroscopy) and standard fluoroscopy (C-arm) images as compared with direct anatomic measurement to determine final screw position in a cadaveric SCFE model. Methods Osteotomy with pinning was performed at the physeal scar in ten cadaveric hips. A standardised approach-withdrawal technique was performed with C-arm images taken at 15° increments. We also obtained a CT (3D fluoroscopy) scan of each hip. The screw tip-subchondral bone (STSB) distance was measured on digital imaging software and also with a digital calliper directly when the femoral head was cut in plane to expose the STSB distance anatomically. Statistical analysis included t-tests and Fisher's exact test. Results Moderate SCFE osteotomies were achieved with a mean Southwick angle (39.5° ± 7°). The 60° fluoroscopic image was found to be the most representative image (41% of the time) compared with both anteroposterior (AP) and lateral images (8% and 21%). Both fluoroscopy (2.7 ± 0.8 mm, p < 0.001) and CT (1.6 ± 0.7 mm, p = 0.03) overestimated the STSB distance compared with direct measurement (0.94 ± 0.51 mm). Two-thirds (67%) of CT measurements were within 1 mm of the cadaveric measurement, while only 20% of C-arm measurements fulfilled this criterion (p = 0.04). Conclusions Both standard fluoroscopy and CT overestimated the STSB distance when compared with direct measurement in a cadaveric model of SCFE. Surgeons should be aware of the limitations of intra-operative imaging to determine the STSB distance. We suggest that using the known pitch of a screw (2.9 mm in a 7.3-mm cannulated screw) as an intra-operative tool to help guide screw placement.
Bolotnaia Five Years On: Can Online Activism Effect Large Scale Political Change in Russia?
Authors: Murphy Flora 
Published: February 2017

Bolotnaia Five Years On: Can Online Activism Effect Large Scale Political Change in Russia?
This work explores the role of new media in Russian politics and ultimately argues that their potential to bring about significant political change in the current Russian political landscape is limited. The 2011-2012 winter protests, in Bolotnaia Square in Moscow and across Russia, led to a boom in both Russian and English-language protest scholarship, especially regarding the role that new media and online communication networks play in the organisation and execution of political movements. But the significance of this case study is not limited to Russia: this question must be understood in a global context. In a post-Arab Spring world, this topic is one of active discussion and current global relevance. This paper aims to consider the Russian case study in that broader context, bridging gaps in existing scholarship in this field.
Study of old ecological hazards, oil seeps and contaminations using earth observation methods – spectral library for oil seep
Authors: Smejkalová Eva , Bujok Petr , Pikl Miroslav 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The possibilities of remote sensing techniques in the field of the Earth surface monitoring and protection specifically for the problems caused by petroleum contaminations, for the mapping of insufficiently plugged and abandoned old oil wells and for the analysis of onshore oil seeps are described. Explained is the methodology for analyzing and detection of potential hydrocarbon contaminations using the Earth observation in the area of interest in Slovakia (Korňa) and in Czech Republic (Nesyt), mainly building and calibrating the spectral library for oil seeps. The acquisition of the in-situ field data (ASD, Cropscan spectroradiometers) for this purpose, the successful building and verification of hydrocarbon spectral library, the application of hydrocarbon indexes and use of shift in red-edge part of electromagnetic spectra, the spectral analysis of input data are clarified in the paper. Described is approach which could innovate the routine methods for investigating the occurrence of hydrocarbons and can assist during the mapping and locating the potential oil seep sites. Important outcome is the successful establishment of a spectral library (database with calibration data) suitable for further application in data classification for identifying the occurrence of hydrocarbons.
Long-term fire effects of the drained open fen on organic soils
Authors: Sulwiński Marcin , Mętrak Monika , Suska-Malawska Małgorzata 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFire has considerable impact on vegetation and organic soils properties. As we observed that the differences between vegetation of burnt and unburnt areas on the rich fen are visible 11 years after the fire, we assumed that the post-fire changes are long lasting, yet limited exclusively to the burnt areas. In order to check this hypothesis we studied spatial differentiation of physical and chemical properties of soils, and productivity capacities of burnt and unburnt areas in the fen in Biebrza National Park. We took soil samples from the neighboring burnt and unburnt areas, from the depth of 0–30 cm and 30–50 cm. We analyzed 21 parameters of the soils including: pH, ash content, moisture, bulk density, exchangeable K, Na, Ca, available P, N-NH4+, N-NO3−, total N, C, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P; and calculated C:N, C:P ratios. Surface layer of the burnt soils differed significantly from the unburnt soils in respect of 17 out of 21 parameters. The most pronounced difference was observed for available phosphorous (on average 6 times higher for the burnt soils). The differences in the deeper layer were mostly insignificant. The burnt areas were also characterized by twofold higher plant productivity than recorded for the unburnt areas. The influence of fire on peaty soils was long lasting but mostly limited to the surface layer of the soils. In the case of particular soil features, the post-fire differences were modified by advanced muck formation (moorshing) processes in the unburnt areas. Since the fire led to long lasting increase of fertility, the recovery of fen vegetation is unlikely.
Removal efficiency of anionic surfactants from water during UVC photolysis and advanced oxidation process in H2O2/UVC system
Authors: Ríos Francisco , Olak-Kucharczyk Magdalena , Gmurek Marta , Ledakowicz Stanisław 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSurfactants after their use are discharged into aquatic ecosystems. These compounds may be harmful to fauna and flora in surface waters or can be toxic for microorganisms of the activated sludge or biofilm in WWTP. In order to determine effectiveness of different advanced oxidation processes on the degradation of surfactants, in this study the degradation of anionic surfactants in aqueous solution using photolysis by 254 nm irradiation and by advanced oxidation process in a H2O2/UVC system was investigated. Two representatives of anionic surfactants, linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LAS-R11–14) and ether carboxylic derivate (EC-R12–14E10) were tested. The influence of pH, initial surfactant concentration and dose of hydrogen peroxide on the degradation was also studied. Results show outstanding effectiveness of the H2O2/UVC system in the removal of surfactant from aqueous solutions.
Air quality modeling for Warsaw agglomeration
Authors: Holnicki Piotr , Kałuszko Andrzej , Nahorski Zbigniew , Stankiewicz Krystyna , Trapp Wojciech 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The paper investigates the air quality in the urban area of Warsaw, Poland. Calculations are carried out using the emissions and meteorological data from the year 2012. The modeling tool is the regional CALMET/CALPUFF system, which is used to link the emission sources with the distributions of the annual mean concentrations. Several types of polluting species that characterize the urban atmospheric environment, like PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SO2, Pb, B(a)P, are included in the analysis. The goal of the analysis is to identify the most polluted districts and polluting compounds there, to check where the concentration limits of particular pollutants are exceeded. Then, emission sources (or emission categories) which are mainly responsible for violation of air quality standards and increase the adverse health effects, are identified. The modeling results show how the major emission sources – the energy sector, industry, traffic and the municipal sector – relate to the concentrations calculated in receptor points, including the contribution of the transboundary inflow. The results allow to identify districts where the concentration limits are exceeded and action plans are needed. A quantitative source apportionment shows the emission sources which are mainly responsible for the violation of air quality standards. It is shown that the road transport and the municipal sector are the emission classes which substantially affect air quality in Warsaw. Also transboundary inflow contributes highly to concentrations of some pollutants. The results presented can be of use in analyzing emission reduction policies for the city, as a part of an integrated modeling system.
Photocatalytic degradation of volatile chlorinated organic compounds with ozone addition
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein , Shahna Farshid Ghorbani , Bahrami Abdulrahman , Jaleh Babak , Abedi Kamal ad-Din 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The decomposition of hydrocarbons using combined advanced oxidation methods is largely considered owing to abundant production of OH radicals and the potential economic advantages. In this study, the synergetic effect of ozonation on photocatalytic oxidation of chloroform and chlorobenzene over expanded graphite-TiO2&ZnO Nano composite was investigated. The effect of introduced ozone concentration and residence time was also examined on removal efficiency. The results showed that the removal efficiency was significantly enhanced by the combined system resulting from the additional oxidation process causing active species to be increased. Increasing the introduced ozone concentration which generates more reactive compounds had a greater effect on the removal efficiency than that of residence time. However, from the mineralization point of view, the residence time had a dominant effect, and the selectivity towards CO2 was dramatically declined when the flow rate increased. Based on these results, the combined system is preferred due to higher removal efficiency and complete mineralization.
Bioecological and statistical risk assessment of toxic metals in sediments of a worldwide important wetland: Gala Lake National Park (Turkey)
Authors: Tokatli Cem 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Gala Lake National Park that has an international importance is one of the most important wetland ecosystems for Turkey. As same as many aquatic habitats, Gala Lake is under a significant anthropogenic pressure originated from agricultural activities conducted around the lake and from industrial discharges by means of Ergene River.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the sediment quality of Gala Lake and Irrigation Canal by investigating some toxic element accumulations (As, B, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu) from a statistical perspective. Pearson Correlation Index (PCI) and Factor Analysis (FA) were applied to detected data in order to determine the associated contaminants and effective factors on the system. Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) and Biological Risk Index based sediment quality guidelines (mERM-Q) applied to detected data in order to assess the ecological and biological risks of heavy metals in the ecosystem. Also Geographic Information System (GIS) technology was used to make visual explanations by presenting distribution maps of investigated elements.
According to the results of PCI, significant positive correlations were recorded among the investigated toxic elements at 0.01 significance level. According to the results of FA, two factors, which were named as “Agricultural Factor” and “Industrial Factor”, explained 86.6% of the total variance. According to the results of Potential Ecological Risk Index, cadmium was found to be the highest risk factor and according to results of Biological Risk Index, nickel and chromium were found to be the highest risk factors for Gala Lake and Irrigation Canal. As a result of the present study, it was also determined that heavy metal contents in sediments of Gala Lake National Park reached to critical levels and the system is intensively under effect of agricultural and industrial originated pollution.