bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary nutritional support team and mortality in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Oh Tak Kyu , Lee Kyunghwa , Cho Jungwon , Song In‐Ae 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundA careful approach is required when providing nutritional support to patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study investigated whether implementing a multidisciplinary nutritional support team (NST) is associated with improved survival outcomes in patients with ARDS.MethodsIn a nationwide population‐based cohort study, all adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in South Korea with a primary diagnosis of ARDS from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021, were included. The NST comprised four professionals (physicians, full‐time nurses, full‐time pharmacists, and full‐time clinical dietitians). Patients admitted to ICUs with and without the NST system were allocated to the NST and non‐NST groups, respectively.ResultsThe analysis comprised a total of 15,555 patients with ARDS. Among them, 6615 (42.5%) were in the NST group, and 8940 (57.5%) were in the non‐NST group. After adjusting for covariates in the multivariable logistic regression, the NST group showed a 19% lower 30‐day mortality than the non‐NST group (odds ratio: 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.75–0.87, p < .001). Furthermore, after adjusting for covariates in multivariable Cox regression, the NST group showed a 12% lower 1‐year all‐cause mortality than the non‐NST group (hazard ratio: 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.85–0.92, p < .001).ConclusionsNST implementation was associated with enhanced 30‐day and 1‐year survival rates in patients with ARDS. These findings indicate that nutritional support provided by the NST may influence the survival outcomes of patients with ARDS in the ICU.
Proteomic Profiles of Maternal Plasma Extracellular Vesicles for Prediction of Preeclampsia
Authors: Than Nándor Gábor , Romero Roberto , Fitzgerald Wendy , Gudicha Dereje W. , Gomez‐Lopez Nardhy , Posta Máté , Zhou Fei , Bhatti Gaurav , Meyyazhagan Arun , Awonuga Awoniyi O. , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn , Matthies Doreen , Bryant David R. , Erez Offer , Margolis Leonid , Tarca Adi L. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTProblemPreeclampsia is a heterogeneous syndrome of diverse etiologies and molecular pathways leading to distinct clinical subtypes. Herein, we aimed to characterize the extracellular vesicle (EV)‐associated and soluble fractions of the maternal plasma proteome in patients with preeclampsia and to assess their value for disease prediction.Method of StudyThis case–control study included 24 women with term preeclampsia, 23 women with preterm preeclampsia, and 94 healthy pregnant controls. Blood samples were collected from cases on average 7 weeks before the diagnosis of preeclampsia and were matched to control samples. Soluble and EV fractions were separated from maternal plasma; EVs were confirmed by cryo‐EM, NanoSight, and flow cytometry; and 82 proteins were analyzed with bead‐based, multiplexed immunoassays. Quantile regression analysis and random forest models were implemented to evaluate protein concentration differences and their predictive accuracy. Preeclampsia subgroups defined by molecular profiles were identified by hierarchical cluster analysis. Significance was set at p < 0.05 or false discovery rate‐adjusted q < 0.1.ResultsIn preterm preeclampsia, PlGF, PTX3, and VEGFR‐1 displayed differential abundance in both soluble and EV fractions, whereas angiogenin, CD40L, endoglin, galectin‐1, IL‐27, CCL19, and TIMP1 were changed only in the soluble fraction (q < 0.1). The direction of changes in the EV fraction was consistent with that in the soluble fraction for nine proteins. In term preeclampsia, CCL3 had increased abundance in both fractions (q < 0.1). The combined EV and soluble fraction proteomic profiles predicted preterm and term preeclampsia with an AUC of 78% (95% CI, 66%–90%) and 68% (95% CI, 56%–80%), respectively. Three clusters of preeclampsia featuring distinct clinical characteristics and placental pathology were identified based on combined protein data.ConclusionsOur findings reveal distinct alterations of the maternal EV‐associated and soluble plasma proteome in preterm and term preeclampsia and identify molecular subgroups of patients with distinct clinical and placental histopathologic features.
Aortic regurgitation in left ventricular assist device patients: Does aortic root dilatation contribute to valve incompetence?
Authors: Färber Gloria , Schneider Ulrich , Gräger Stephanie , Elayan Yousef , Schwan Imke , Tkebuchava Sophie , Kirov Hristo , Caldonazo Tulio , Diab Mahmoud , Doenst Torsten 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAortic regurgitation (AR) is a known complication after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation potentially leading to recurrent heart failure. Possible pathomechanisms include valvular pathologies and aortic root dilatation. We assessed aortic root dimensions in a group of consecutive LVAD patients who received HeartMate 3.MethodsSince 11/2015, we identified 68 patients with no or mild AR at the time of HeartMate 3 implantation who underwent serial echocardiography to assess AR and aortic root dimensions (annulus, sinus, and sinotubular junction). Median follow‐up was 40 months (2–94 months). Results were correlated with clinical outcomes.ResultsPatients were 60 ± 10 years old, predominantly male (88%) and 35% presented in preoperative critical condition as defined by INTERMACS levels 1 and 2. During follow‐up, 23 patients developed AR ≥ II (34%). Actuarial incidence was 8% at 1 year, 29% at 3 years and 41% at 5 years. Echocardiography revealed practically stable root dimensions at the latest follow‐up compared to the preoperative state (annulus: 23 ± 3 mm vs. 23 ± 2 mm, sinus: 32 ± 4 mm vs. 33 ± 3 mm, sinotubular junction: 27 ± 3 mm vs. 28 ± 3 mm), irrespective of the development of AR. Serial CT angiograms were performed in 13 patients to confirm echocardiographic findings. Twenty‐one patients died during LVAD support leading to a 5‐year survival of 71%, showing no difference between patients with and without AR ≥ II (p = 0.573).ConclusionsAt least moderate AR develops over time in a substantial fraction of patients (one‐third over 3 years). The mechanism does not seem to be related to dilatation of the aortic annulus or root.
Early growth response 1 exacerbates thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection of mice by inducing the phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cell through the activation of Krüppel‐like factor 5
Authors: Han Xueyu , Xu Shengnan , Hu Ke , Yu Yi , Wang Xiukun , Qu Chuan , Yang Bo , Liu Xin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimVascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switching has been reported to regulate vascular function and thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) progression. Early growth response 1 (Egr1) is associated with the differentiation of VSMCs. However, the mechanisms through which Egr1 participates in the regulation of VSMCs and progression of TAAD remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of Egr1 in the phenotypic switching of VSMCs and the development of TAAD.MethodsWild‐type C57BL/6 and SMC‐specific Egr1‐knockout mice were used as experimental subjects and fed β‐aminopropionitrile for 4 weeks to construct the TAAD model. Ultrasound and aortic staining were performed to examine the pathological features in thoracic aortic tissues. Transwell, wound healing, CCK8, and immunofluorescence assays detected the migration and proliferation of synthetic VSMCs. Egr1 was directly bound to the promoter of Krüppel‐like factor 5 (KLF5) and promoted the expression of KLF5, which was validated by JASPAR database and dual‐luciferase reporter assay.ResultsEgr1 expression increased and was partially co‐located with VSMCs in aortic tissues of mice with TAAD. SMC‐specific Egr1 deficiency alleviated TAAD and inhibited the phenotypic switching of VSMC. Egr1 knockdown prevented the phenotypic switching of VSMCs and subsequently suppressed the migration and proliferation of synthetic VSMCs. The inhibitory effects of Egr1 deficiency on VSMCs were blunted once KLF5 was overexpressed.ConclusionEgr1 aggravated the development of TAAD by promoting the phenotypic switching of VSMCs via enhancing the transcriptional activation of KLF5. These results suggest that inhibition of SMC‐specific Egr1 expression is a promising therapy for TAAD.
High prevalence of antibodies against feline calicivirus in Australian feral and stray cat (Felis catus) populations
Authors: Amery‐Gale J , Woinarski JCZ , Hartley CA , Devlin JM 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionFeline calicivirus (FCV) commonly causes upper respiratory tract, oral and ocular infections in species of the family Felidae, with high prevalence amongst domestic cat (Felis catus) populations worldwide. Detection of FCV‐specific antibodies in serum provides evidence of previous infection with FCV and an indication of whether a cat may be protected against clinical FCV disease. This study describes the most extensive sampling for anti‐FCV antibodies in feral and stray cat populations in Australia, and examines variation in prevalence associated with cat age, sex and location.MethodsBlood samples were opportunistically collected from 669 feral, stray or Indigenous community cats from the Northern Territory, South Australia, Victoria, south‐east Tasmania and south‐west New South Wales. The sera were harvested and tested for antibodies capable of neutralising the FCV vaccine strain F9 by serum‐virus neutralisation assay.ResultsOf the 669 cats tested, 69.7% had detectable FCV‐F9‐neutralising antibodies (titres ≥5). Maturity was significantly associated with higher seroprevalence and higher antibody titres, with adult cats being more than twice as likely to have detectable FCV‐neutralising antibodies than subadults. Male cats had a higher seroprevalence and slightly higher antibody titres than females. Cats living in closer proximity to humans had significantly higher seroprevalences and higher FCV‐neutralising antibody titres than feral cats from more remote regions of Australia.ConclusionAustralian feral and stray cats have a high risk of natural exposure to and infection with FCV, with the prevalence and levels of pre‐existing immunity to FCV being highest amongst adult cats living in highly modified urban, peri‐urban and agricultural environments.
Long‐term outcomes of avascular necrosis in sickle cell disease using joint‐specific patient‐reported outcome measures: Results from a multicentre study
Authors: Casale Maddalena , Toro Giuseppe , Porcelli Federica , Quota Alessandra , Rosso Rosamaria , Spadola Vincenzo , Arcioni Francesco , Campisi Saveria , Roberti Domenico , Perrotta Silverio 
Published: September 2024

SummaryAvascular necrosis (AVN) is a prevalent and progressive complication in young patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), but no study evaluated the long‐term subjective and objective outcome measures. Oxford hip score (OHS) and Oxford shoulder scores (OSS) are validated joint‐specific patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs). In this prospective multicentre study, 47 SCD patients with pre‐existing diagnosis of AVN occurred at a median age of 35.9 (24.2–47.6) filled out the OHS and OSS at median follow‐up of 9.4 years (4.5–12.9). No patient died after diagnosis of AVN. Hip AVN was present in 34 (72%) patients, with bilateral involvement in 25 (74%); 26 (59%) underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) at a median age of 34.6 (22.6–49.5); and 4 (15%) required re‐surgery. OHS revealed moderate to severe impairment both in patients underwent THA and no hip surgery. Shoulder AVN was present in 13 (6%) patients and OSS revealed mild to moderate impairment. A high rate of compromised joint function and pain was observed 10 years after diagnosis of AVN regardless of the type of treatment, outlying the need to improve the management of this sickle‐related complication. OHS and OSS are validated joint‐specific PROMs easy to use in all SCD centres.
Exploring Parents' Experiences and Needs During Disclosure of a Cerebral Palsy Diagnosis of Their Young Child: A Scoping Review
Authors: van der Kemp J. , Ketelaar M. , Rentinck I. C. M. , Sommers‐Spijkerman M. P. J. , Benders M. J. N. L. , Gorter J. W. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundParents often perceive the news that their child has cerebral palsy (CP) as overwhelming and shocking. They are at increased risk of parental stress and mental health problems, which in turn can affect the interaction between the parent and the child. Parental mental health outcomes are known to be affected by the process of disclosure of a diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to synthesize the current knowledge about parents' experiences and needs regarding communication during the disclosure of the diagnosis of their child with (or at risk of) CP.MethodsA scoping review following the methodological steps outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute was performed using PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO. We qualitatively explored parent‐reported experiences and needs across included studies, using thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 19 studies were included. Six themes were identified, three in relation to experiences (i.e., preceding experiences and feelings, perceptions of the disclosure and emotional impact) and three in relation to needs (i.e., transparency in information, supportive attitude and having a say). Despite high variability across studies regarding parental needs, most studies reported the need for (i) honest and clear information, (ii) good communication skills amongst professionals and (iii) emotional and practical support after diagnosis.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that parents' experiences and needs in the period when their child's diagnosis of (high risk of) CP is communicated are highly variable, due to an interplay of personal and contextual factors. To facilitate good communication during disclosure, it is crucial that health care professionals assess and understand this complex process and consider parents' needs for open communication and autonomy in the process. Therefore, professionals need to attune to parents' needs and their individual preferences regarding conversations about their child with (or at risk of) CP.
What is the relationship between industry‐specific regulation and technology startups?
Authors: Palagashvili Liya , Suarez Paola A 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe examine the relationship between industry‐specific regulations and startup birth rates (entry) and startup ‘deaths’ (closings) in the United States and Canada during 2012–19. Our sample contains data on thousands of active and closed technology startups in the United States and Canada that were founded between January 2012 and June 2019. We use the Mercatus Center's RegData database to capture the intensity of national‐level regulations. Our findings suggest that more regulated industries may exhibit lower rates of entry and that more regulated industries are associated with a greater likelihood of a startup closing. These findings seem more robust for the US than for Canada. We discuss startup funding as a potential mechanism by which regulation may impact startup closings, using our fieldwork interviews with over 100 technology startup executives and venture capital investors.
Hybrid deep learning models with data fusion approach for electricity load forecasting
Authors: Özen Serkan , Yazıcı Adnan , Atalay Volkan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study explores the application of deep learning in forecasting electricity consumption. Initially, we assess the performance of standard neural networks, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short‐term memory (LSTM), along with basic methods like ARIMA and random forest, on a univariate electricity consumption data set. Subsequently, we develop hybrid models for a comprehensive multivariate data set created by merging weather and electricity data. These hybrid models demonstrate superior performance compared to individual models on the univariate data set. Our main contribution is the introduction of a novel hybrid data fusion model. This model integrates a single‐model approach for univariate data, a hybrid model for multivariate data, and a linear regression model that processes the outputs from both. Our hybrid fusion model achieved an RMSE value of 0.0871 on the Chicago data set, outperforming other models such as Random Forest (0.2351), ARIMA (0.2184), CNN (0.1802), LSTM + LSTM (0.1496), and CNN + LSTM (0.1587). Additionally, our model surpassed the performance of our base transformer model. Furthermore, combining the best‐performing transformer model, with a Gaussian Process model resulted in further improvement in performance. The Transformer + Gaussian model achieved an RMSE of 0.0768, compared with 0.0781 for the single transformer model. Similar trends were observed in the Pittsburgh and IHEC data sets.
Species‐specific effects of leaf litter leachate on the aquatic microbial community and the ratio of heterotrophic to autotrophic biomass
Authors: Ho Pei‐Chi , Nakajima Suzuna , Urabe Jotaro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released from submerged leaf litter is an important allochthonous carbon source for heterotrophic bacteria that enhances the detrital food chain in freshwater ecosystems. In contrast, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and micronutrients released during the leaching process support primary production and enhance the grazing food chain in these ecosystems.

This study investigated how DOC and dissolved N and P from the leaf litter of two temperate broadleaf and two coniferous tree species affect heterotrophic and autotrophic biomass by incubating the freshwater microbial community in the culture media prepared from the leaf litter leachate.

The results showed that heterotrophic biomass, including bacteria, heterotrophic‐flagellated protists and fungal zoospores, was the highest in the leaf litter leachate, which contained the highest DOC concentration relative to dissolved N and P (Japanese hemlock). In contrast, autotrophic biomass, including small algae, autotrophic flagellated protists and cyanobacteria, was associated with concentrations of dissolved N and P in the leaf litter leachates.

Amendment of basal nutrients other than N and P, including micronutrients, trace elements and vitamins, increased autotrophic biomass in two leaf litter leachates (oak, Siebold's beech), suggesting that some elements other than N and P were deficient relative to the requirements of autotrophic organisms.

These results indicated that the elemental composition of leaf litter leachates influences microbial community structure and heterotrophic versus autotrophic biomass in freshwater ecosystems. More importantly, the present results suggest that changes in forest vegetation surrounding freshwater ecosystems alter detritus‐based heterotrophic production relative to autotrophic production through the changes in the elemental composition (i.e. stoichiometry) of leaf litter inputs.
Effect of standardized hypnotic bundles on insomnia during hospitalization and reducing fall rate: A single‐center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yoshino Yuta , Fudaka Naoko , Shibasaki Yumiko , Ogawa Miyuki , Watanabe Yoshimasa 
Published: September 2024

AimAlthough the use of benzodiazepine receptor agonists is a risk factor for falls and fractures, whether benzodiazepine‐avoiding hypnotic bundles are beneficial in clinical settings remains unclear.MethodsA new hospital‐wide standardized hypnotic bundle for insomnia, with suvorexant as the first choice, was created for clinical purposes. This single‐center retrospective cohort study involved a pre‐post design and adult inpatients who had had falls. The primary outcome was the total fall rate in the pre‐post groups. Additionally, the level change in the fall‐rate trend for each month at standardization of the new hypnotic bundle was analyzed. The numbers of hypnotic‐related falls and injuries requiring treatment were evaluated.ResultsThere were no differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups, except for patients with COVID‐19. Overall, 31 736 patients were included in this study. The total number of falls was 924 (3.42‰) in the pre‐standardization group and 837 (3.31‰) in the post‐standardization group, with no significant difference. An interrupted time‐series analysis of the level change in the fall rate revealed that the gap in trend at standardization was –11%, with no significance. Hypnotic‐related falls were 300 (1.11‰) versus 213 (0.84‰), and the injury incidences were 251 (0.93‰) versus 181 (0.71‰) in the pre and post groups, respectively, showing a significant reduction.ConclusionsThe standardization of the new hypnotic bundle for insomnia did not help achieve a significant reduction in total falls. However, our findings suggest that this bundle has the potential to reduce hypnotic‐related falls and injuries in inpatients who have had falls. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1144–1149.
Developing a brief older adults' physical activity questionnaire
Authors: Nagai Koutatsu , Matsuzawa Ryota , Sasai Hiroyuki , Tamaki Kayoko , Kusunoki Hiroshi , Wada Yosuke , Tsuji Shotaro , Hashimoto Kana , Mori Takara , Shinmura Ken 
Published: September 2024

AimThis study aimed to develop and evaluate the Brief Older Adults' Physical Activity Questionnaire (BOPAQ), which was designed to quickly assess moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsWe used a cross‐sectional study design involving 165 older participants. The BOPAQ calculated weekly MVPA duration based on two questions regarding the number of days per week engaged in MVPA and the daily duration of activity. Validity was assessed by correlating the MVPA durations derived from the BOPAQ with those obtained from the ActiGraph and International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form. Reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient, and measurement errors were analyzed using Bland–Altman plots.ResultsThe BOPAQ reasonably correlated with accelerometer‐based MVPA (rho = 0.297) and showed good test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.78, 95% CI 0.64–0.87). In contrast, the correlation between the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form and accelerometer‐based MVPA was poor (rho = 0.139). The cut‐off value for the BOPAQ was set to identify participants engaging in <150 min of objectively measured physical activity per week, corresponding to the 150‐min threshold. However, the area under the curve in the receiver operating characteristic analyses was not significantly high (0.601, 95% CI 0.514–0.688). The Bland–Altman plots showed an underestimation bias of 51.72 min/week (95% CI 1.61–101.84) and showed heteroscedasticity.ConclusionDespite some measurement errors, the BOPAQ is an available tool for assessing MVPA in community‐dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1150–1155.