bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesias, motor fluctuations and health‐related quality of life: the COPARK survey
Authors: Perez‐Lloret S. , Negre‐Pages L. , Damier P. , Delval A. , Derkinderen P. , Destée A. , Meissner W. G. , Tison F. , Rascol O. ,   of the COPARK Study Group
Published: September 2017

Background and purposeStudies assessing the correlations between L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesias (LIDs) and motor fluctuations with health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in Parkinson's disease (PD) have yielded conflicting results. This study aimed to assess the relationship between LIDs and motor fluctuations with HRQoL in patients with PD, and to assess the relative contribution of their severity and duration in a large sample of patients with PD.MethodsA total of 683 patients with PD from the COPARK survey were evaluated. HRQoL was assessed using the 39‐Item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ‐39) (primary outcome) and 36‐Item Short Form Survey (SF‐36). The daily duration and severity of LIDs were obtained from Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) IV items 32 and 33, respectively. The daily duration of motor fluctuations was obtained from UPDRS IV item 36 and severity was estimated as the difference between the UPDRS 2 (Activities of Daily Living) score in ‘OFF’ versus ‘ON’ condition.ResultsA total of 235 patients with PD (35%) experienced motor fluctuations and 182 (27%) experienced LIDs. The PDQ‐39 total and SF‐36 physical scores were significantly worse in patients with LIDs, after adjusting for the presence of motor fluctuations. The PDQ‐39 total score and SF‐36 physical and mental score were significantly worse in patients with motor fluctuations, after adjusting for the presence of LIDs. The severity of LIDs and the duration of motor fluctuations significantly and independently affected PDQ‐39 scores. The SF‐36 physical score was affected only by the severity of motor fluctuations, whereas the mental score was not affected by any of the aforementioned variables.ConclusionOur findings suggest that LIDs (mainly their severity) and motor fluctuations (mainly their duration) correlate independently with HRQoL in patients with PD.
Environmental modeling of occurrence of dolphinfish (Coryphaena spp.) in the Pacific Ocean off Mexico reveals seasonality in abundance, hot spots and migration patterns
Authors: Marín‐Enríquez Emigdio , Seoane Javier , Muhlia‐Melo Arturo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDolphinfish are little known migratory fish targeted by sport, artisanal and commercial fleets. In this study, we analyzed a 10 year database of incidental catches of the tuna purse seine fleet in the Pacific Ocean off Mexico with the aim to understand the environmental determinants of the spatial distribution and seasonal migration patterns of dolphinfish. We modeled the probability of occurrence of dolphinfish as a function of spatial (geographical coordinates), temporal (month/year) and environmental variables (sea surface temperature [SST], chlorophyll [CHL] and sea surface height [SSH], inferred from satellites) using logistic Generalized Additive Models. Dolphinfish preferred waters with SST values from 23 to 28°C, low (<0.2 mg/m3) CHL values, and primarily positive SSH values. Two dolphinfish hot spots were found in the study area: one in an oceanic zone (10°–15°N, 120°–125°W), which was more defined during spring, and one on the Pacific side of the Baja California Peninsula, which became important during summer. Models suggested that dolphinfish migrated through the study area following a “corridor” that ran from the Gulf of Tehuantepec along the Equatorial Upwelling zone to the oceanic hot spot zone, which in turn connected with the hot spot off the BCP. This “migratory corridor” went around the Eastern Pacific Warm Pool, which suggested that dolphinfish avoided this high temperature‐low production zone. Dolphinfish occupied zones close to certain oceanic features, such as eddies and thermal fronts. Results suggested that the primary cause of the biological hot spots was wind‐driven upwelling, because the hot spots became more important 3–4 months after the peak in upwelling activity.
Servitude in the 18th‐century British Atlantic World: Old Paradigms and New Directions
Authors: Madar Allison 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecognizing that the increasing reliance on racial slavery in the 18th century led to a reduction of temporary servitude, historians have understandably emphasized the declining significance of servants in colonial societies. Yet temporary servitude persisted throughout the British Atlantic World into the late 18th century, shaping the lives of tens of thousands of individuals and affecting a large number of colonial households. “Unfreedom” came in many forms. Servants – including indentured servants, convict servants, and redemptioners – have garnered scholarly attention at various points during the 20th century, and even earlier, often in isolation from one another. This essay presents existing scholarship and suggests new avenues of research in the study of servitude in 18th‐century British America. It urges scholars to move beyond demographic and economic questions to explore the social, legal, and personal histories of 18th‐century servants in slave societies, using the scholarship on the 17th century and on non‐plantation societies as models.
The influence of immune status, age, and sex on Majocchi granuloma: a review of 52 cases from a tertiary level hospital and published Korean cases in literature
Authors: Ohn Jungyoon , Jo Gwanghyun , Mun Je‐Ho 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundMajocchi granuloma (MG) is a rare dermal and subcutaneous granulomatous inflammation caused by dermatophytes. The detailed characteristics of MG are not fully elucidated. This study investigated the influence of systemic immune status, age, and sex on the clinical, demographic, mycological, and therapeutic characteristics of MG in Korea.MethodsWe analyzed cases of histopathologically diagnosed MG at our tertiary referral center from January 2001 to December 2016. We also analyzed all Korean MG cases published in Korean and English literature to date. The different features based on immune status, age, and sex were compared. P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsWe enrolled 52 patients, 33 (63.5%) were male and 19 (36.5%) were female. The mean age was 45.4 ± 23.1 years. Immunosuppression was reported in 13 cases (26.5%). Statistical analysis showed that the immune status affects the anatomical location and clinical manifestation. Age has an influence on involved sites and identified fungal species. The frequent fungal pathogens were different based on sex.ConclusionThe results of our study revealed that distinctive features of MG exist based on immune status, age, and sex.
cAMP levels in lymphocytes and CD4+ regulatory T‐cell functions are affected by dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms
Authors: Cosentino Marco , Kustrimovic Natasa , Ferrari Marco , Rasini Emanuela , Marino Franca 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) has prominent effects in the immune system and between the immune cells, CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) lymphocytes, a specialized T‐cell subset crucial for the control of immune homeostasis, are especially sensitive to DA. Dopaminergic receptors (DR) are grouped into two families according to their pharmacological profile and main second messenger coupling: the D1‐like (D1 and D5), which activate adenylate cyclase, and the D2‐like (D2, D3 and D4), which inhibit adenylate cyclase and exist in several variants that have been associated to clinical conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, substance abuse and addiction. We aimed to examine, in venous blood samples from healthy volunteers, the relationship between the arbitrary DR score and DR functional responses in human lymphocytes. All the samples were genotyped for selected DR gene variants (DRD1: rs4532 and rs686; DRD2: rs1800497 and rs6277; DRD3: rs6280; DRD4: rs747302 and seven 48‐base pair variable number tandem repeat (VNTR)) and a DR score was attributed to each participant. We have also tested whether DR gene polymorphisms might affect Treg cell ability to suppress effector T‐cell function. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing a correlation between DR gene variants and human T lymphocyte function. The main results are that both D1‐like and D2‐like DR are functionally active in human lymphocytes, although the D1‐like DR stimulation results in stronger effects in comparison to the D2‐like DR stimulation. In addition, it seems that the DR genetic profile may affect the ability of lymphocytes to respond to dopaminergic agents. More investigations are needed about the possible clinical relevance of such findings.
Effect of glass composition on the hardness of surface layers on aluminosilicate glasses formed through reaction with strong acid
Authors: Amma Shin‐ichi , Luo Jiawei , Kim Seong H. , Pantano Carlo G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe effect of glass composition on physico‐chemical properties of surface layers formed through reaction between strong acid and several silicate and aluminosilicate glasses was studied through transmission‐IR, ATR‐IR, XPS, SIMS, and nano‐indentation analyses. It was shown that aluminum is depleted from the surface while molecular water is diffused into the surface layer of glasses with high levels of aluminum. Nano‐indentation experiments indicated that the hardness of the surface layers were decreased compared to that of the bulk region and the degree of the softening was more significant in the high aluminum glass.
Developing a biocontrol strategy to protect stored potato tubers from infestation with potato tuber moth species in the Andean region
Authors: Schaub B. , Kroschel J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHeavy infestations of stored potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers by the two potato tuber moth species Symmetrischema tangolias (Gyen) and Tecia solanivora (Povolny) frequently occur in Andean potato‐growing regions of Ecuador. The aim of the study was to develop a biological control strategy for both species using powder formulations made of inert substances, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) granulovirus (PhopGV) and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. kurstaki (Btk). The LC50 of PhopGV on T. solanivora was 0.33 LE/L, and Btk caused 82.7% mortality at a concentration of 100 g/L in bioassays. The efficacy of talcum, kaolin, calcium carbonate and sand ranged between 76.2% and 98.7%. Calcium carbonate was highly effective to control both species; however, its efficacy was affected by the relative humidity and dropped to 55.4% at relative humidity of 100%. PhopGV at concentrations of five larvae equivalents (LE) per kg kaolin and Btk at a concentration of 60 g Btk/kg talcum caused 95.7% and 88.1% mortality of T. solanivora, respectively. In storage experiments, the efficacy of calcium carbonate alone and in combination with PhopGV (20 LE/kg) and Btk (15 g/kg) caused 95.0–99.8% mortality of T. solanivora in all treatments and reduced infestation on potato tubers by 83.6%–91.0%. In the case of S. tangolias, Btk significantly increased mortality to 96.5% compared with calcium carbonate alone and reduced tuber infestation by 83.4%. Storage of potato tubers in thin layers enhanced the efficacy of the calcium carbonate treatment compared with storage in bags. It was concluded that calcium carbonate alone seems to be appropriate for the control of T. solanivora, and an addition of 15 g Btk/kg would improve the control of S. tangolias. It is suggested to test these new formulations under on‐farm storage conditions.
Systemic amyloidosis with gastrointestinal involvement: Diagnosis from endoscopic and histological views
Authors: Iida Tomoya , Yamano Hiroo , Nakase Hiroshi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAmyloid tends to deposit in the gastrointestinal tract, which, being easily accessible, is often the target organ for a pathological diagnostic examination. Although a mucosal biopsy is necessary for a definitive diagnosis and several studies have reported positive results for each possible biopsy site, there remain many unclear features in various aspects. This review focuses on the current literature to determine a better understanding of the diagnosis from endoscopic and histological views in patients with systemic amyloidosis with gastrointestinal involvement. A literature search was performed using PubMed to identify relevant studies; linked references were also reviewed. Endoscopic findings vary based on the organ and the depositing amyloids. A fine granular appearance or polypoid protrusions are likely to occur in the duodenum. AL, Aβ2M, and ATTR amyloids are likely to deposit submucosally, while AA amyloid is easily deposited in the superficial layer of the mucous membrane. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider the collection of biopsy specimens from the duodenum, which has high positive biopsy rates. However, the difference in the positive biopsy rates depends on whether endoscopic findings are available or whether the appropriate number has not been fully elucidated. A duodenal biopsy is strongly recommended to confirm the deposition of amyloid in patients with systemic amyloidosis having gastrointestinal involvement. Because amyloidosis is a disease with a poor prognosis, early diagnosis and treatment are required; gastroenterologists and endoscopists play important roles.
Smoking, plasma cotinine and risk of atrial fibrillation: the Hordaland Health Study
Authors: Zuo H. , Nygård O. , Vollset S. E. , Ueland P. M. , Ulvik A. , Midttun Ø. , Meyer K. , Igland J. , Sulo G. , Tell G. S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundCigarette smoking has been identified as a major modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease and mortality. However, findings on the relationship between smoking and atrial fibrillation (AF) have been inconsistent. Furthermore, findings from previous studies were based on self‐reported smoking.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of smoking status and plasma cotinine levels, a marker of nicotine exposure, with risk of incident AF in the Hordaland Health Study.MethodsWe conducted a prospective analysis of 6682 adults aged 46‐74 years without known AF at baseline. Participants were followed via linkage to the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway (CVDNOR) project and the Cause of Death Registry. Smoking status was assessed by both questionnaire and plasma cotinine levels.ResultsA total of 538 participants developed AF over a median follow‐up period of 11 years. Using questionnaire data, current smoking (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.09–1.83), but not former smoking (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.83–1.28), was associated with an increased risk of AF after adjustment for gender, age, body mass index, hypertension, physical activity and education. Using plasma cotinine only, the adjusted HR (95% CI) was 1.40 (1.12–1.75) for participants with cotinine ≥85 nmol L−1 compared to those with cotinine <85 nmol L−1. However, the risk increased with elevated plasma cotinine levels until 1199 nmol L−1 (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.16–2.05 at the third group vs. the reference group) and plateaued at higher levels.ConclusionsCurrent, but not former smokers, had a higher risk of developing AF. Use of plasma cotinine measurement corroborated this finding.
Maternal glucocorticoid levels affect sex allocation in black howler monkeys
Authors: Rangel‐Negrín A. , Coyohua‐Fuentes A. , Canales‐Espinosa D. , Chavira‐Ramírez D. R. , Dias P. A. D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWhen sons and daughters impart different fitness benefits, mothers should bias investment according to offspring sex, in some cases modifying offspring sex ratios. Sex allocation in monotocous organisms is expected to be costlier than for polytocous species, as it imposes a greater loss of reproductive effort in terms of mating and fertilization. Here, we show that variation in glucocorticoid concentrations around the time of conception predicts infant sex in a monotocous anthropoid, the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra), suggesting that sex allocation is linked to a hormonal mechanism that affects early embryonic development. Glucocorticoids signal environmental conditions, and in our study, their variation was positively related to factors affecting infant survival. These results offer insight into sex allocation strategies in monotocous organisms.
The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 105
Authors: Bouvier Audrey , Gattacceca Jérôme , Grossman Jeffrey , Metzler Knut 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMeteoritical Bulletin 105 contains 2666 meteorites including 12 falls (Aouinet Legraa, Banma, Buritizal, Ejby, Kamargaon, Moshampa, Mount Blanco, Murrili, Osceola, Sariçiçek, Sidi Ali Ou Azza, Stubenberg), with 2244 ordinary chondrites, 142 HED achondrites, 116 carbonaceous chondrites, 37 Lunar meteorites, 20 enstatite chondrites, 20 iron meteorites, 20 ureilites, 19 Martian meteorites, 12 Rumuruti chondrites, 10 primitive achondrites, 9 mesosiderites, 5 angrites, 4 pallasites, 4 ungrouped achondrites, 2 ungrouped chondrites, 1 enstatite achondrite, and 1 relict meteorite, and with 1545 from Antarctica, 686 from Africa, 245 from Asia, 147 from South America, 22 from North America, 14 from Europe, 5 from Oceania, 1 from unknown origin. Note: 5 meteorites from Russia were counted as European. It also includes a list of approved new Dense Collection Areas and a nomenclature of the Aletai (IIIE‐an) iron meteorites from Xinjiang, China.
Molecular cytogenetic characterization and phenotypic evaluation of new wheat–rye lines derived from hexaploid triticale ‘Certa’ × common wheat hybrids
Authors: Liu Caiyun , Song Quanhao , Zhang Hongjun , Yang Zujun , Hu Yin‐Gang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHexaploid triticale contains valuable genes from both tetraploid wheat and rye and plays an important role in wheat breeding programmes. In order to explore the potential of hexaploid triticale ‘Certa’ in wheat improvement, two crosses were made using ‘Certa’ as female parent, and common wheat cultivars ‘Jinmai47’ (JM47) and ‘Xinong389’ (XN389) as male parents. The karyotyping of BCF4:5 lines from Certa/JM47//JM47 and F5:6 lines from Certa/XN389 was investigated using sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). One 1B(1R) substitution line and five 1BL.1RS whole‐arm translocation lines were identified, one of which was found lacking ω‐secalin locus. Many structural alterations on wheat chromosomes were detected in the progeny. Great morphologic differences resulting from genetic variations were observed, among which the photosynthetic capability was increased while grain quality was slightly improved. Compared with both parents, the stripe rust resistance at adult stage was increased in lines derived from Certa/JM47//JM47, while it was decreased in lines derived from Certa/XN389. These newly developed lines might have the potential to be utilized in wheat improvement programmes.
Occipital alpha power reveals fast attentional inhibition of incongruent distractors
Authors: Janssens Clio , De Loof Esther , Boehler C. Nico , Pourtois Gilles , Verguts Tom 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecent associative models of cognitive control hypothesize that cognitive control can be learned (optimized) for task‐specific settings via associations between perceptual, motor, and control representations, and, once learned, control can be implemented rapidly. Midfrontal brain areas signal the need for control, and control is subsequently implemented by biasing sensory representations, boosting or suppressing activity in brain areas processing task‐relevant or task‐irrelevant information. To assess the timescale of this process, we employed EEG. In order to pinpoint control implementation in specific sensory areas, we used a flanker task with incongruent flankers shown in only one hemifield (congruent flankers in the other hemifield) isolating their processing in the contralateral hemisphere. ERPs revealed fast modulations specifically in visual processing areas contralateral to the incongruent flankers. To test whether these modulations reflect increased or decreased processing of incongruent flankers, we investigated alpha power, a marker for attentional inhibition. Importantly, we show increased alpha power over visual areas processing incongruent flankers from 300 to 500 ms poststimulus onset. This suggests fast cognitive control by attentional inhibition for information disrupting goal‐oriented actions. Additionally, we show that midfrontal theta earlier in the trial is also modulated by incongruency, and that theta power predicts subsequent alpha power modulations. This supports the hypothesis that midfrontal incongruency detection leads to control implementation, and reveals that these mechanisms take place on a fast, within‐trial timescale.
Elinor Ostrom: The Power and Peril of Multidisciplinary Research
Authors: Schachter Hindy Lauer 
Published: September 2017

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N1366S mutation of human skeletal muscle sodium channel causes paramyotonia congenita
Authors: Ke Qing , Ye Jia , Tang Siyang , Wang Jin , Luo Benyan , Ji Fang , Zhang Xu , Yu Ye , Cheng Xiaoyang , Li Yuezhou 
Published: September 2017

Key points
Paramyotonia congenita is a hereditary channelopathy caused by missense mutations in the SCN4A gene, which encodes the α subunit of the human skeletal muscle voltage‐gated sodium channel NaV1.4.
Affected individuals suffered from myotonia and paralysis of muscles, which were aggravated by exposure to cold.
We report a three‐generation Chinese family with patients presenting paramyotonia congenita and identify a novel N1366S mutation of NaV1.4.
Whole‐cell electrophysiological recordings of the N1366S channel reveal a gain‐of‐function change of gating in response to cold. Modelling and molecular dynamic simulation data suggest that an arginine‐to‐serine substitution at position 1366 increases the distance from N1366 to R1454 and disrupts the hydrogen bond formed between them at low temperature.
We demonstrate that N1366S is a disease‐causing mutation and that the temperature‐sensitive alteration of N1366S channel activity may be responsible for the pronounced paramyotonia congenita symptoms of these patients.
AbstractParamyotonia congenita is an autosomal dominant skeletal muscle channelopathy caused by missense mutations in SCN4A, the gene encoding the α subunit of the human skeletal muscle voltage‐gated sodium channel NaV1.4. We report a three‐generation family in which six members present clinical symptoms of paramyotonia congenita characterized by a marked worsening of myotonia by cold and by the presence of clear episodes of paralysis. We identified a novel mutation in SCN4A (Asn1366Ser, N1366S) in all patients in the family but not in healthy relatives or in 500 normal control subjects. Functional analysis of the channel protein expressed in HEK293 cells by whole‐cell patch clamp recording revealed that the N1366S mutation led to significant alterations in the gating process of the NaV1.4 channel. The N1366S mutant displayed a cold‐induced hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of activation and a depolarizing shift in fast inactivation, as well as a reduced rate of fast inactivation and accelerated recovery from fast inactivation. In addition, homology modelling and molecular dynamic simulation of N1366S and wild‐type NaV1.4 channels indicated that the arginine‐to‐serine substitution disrupted the hydrogen bond formed between N1366 and R1454. Together, our results suggest that N1366S is a gain‐of‐function mutation of NaV1.4 at low temperature and the mutation may be responsible for the clinical symptoms of paramyotonia congenita in the affected family and constitute a basis for studies into its pathogenesis.