bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrapancreatic accessory spleen: a rare cause of recurrence of immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: García Angarita Francisco , Sanjuanbenito Dehesa Alfonso 
Published: September 2016

Key Clinical MessageAccessory splenectomy should be considered in any patient with recurrence of immune thrombocytopenic purpura, if studies (scintigraphy using heat‐damaged Tc99m‐labeled red blood cells) are suggestive of residual functional splenic tissue. The most common benefit after removal of accessory spleen seems to be the reduction of dose in medical treatment.
Highly Selective and Stable NiSn/SiO2 Catalyst for Isobutane Dehydrogenation: Effects of Sn Addition
Authors: Wang Guowei , Wang Haoren , Zhang Huanling , Zhu Qingqing , Li Chunyi , Shan Honghong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNi/SiO2 catalysts with large surface area Ni particles exhibit high hydrogenolysis activity, leading to the formation of large amounts of methane and coke. To destroy the active sites for hydrogenolysis, namely the aggregated Ni ensembles, Sn species were introduced into the Ni/SiO2 catalyst. As expected, isobutene selectivity was significantly increased to 90.2 %. The promoting role of Sn on the dehydrogenation performance could be interpreted as both a geometric and electronic effect. On one hand, Sn addition efficiently dispersed aggregated Ni particles and reduced Ni particle size from 77 to 16 nm, weakening the ability of Ni for C−C bond rupture. On the other hand, additional electrons provided by Sn led to a high electronic density of Ni, facilitating the desorption of isobutene from the catalyst and suppressing secondary reactions. Consequently, coke formation was effectively inhibited over the NiSn/SiO2 catalyst, further guaranteeing a good stability and prolonged cycle time.
On the Synergism between Cu and Ni for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production and their Potential as Substitutes of Noble Metals
Authors: Majeed Imran , Nadeem Muhammad Amtiaz , Hussain Ejaz , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Badshah Amin , Iqbal Azhar , Nadeem Muhammad Arif , Idriss Hicham 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA series of Cu(OH)2–Ni(OH)2/P25 photocatalysts was prepared by co‐deposition–precipitation (total metal loading ≈1 wt %) and their performance was evaluated for H2 production. Among this series, the 0.8 Cu(OH)2–0.2 Ni(OH)2/P25 photocatalyst demonstrated very high H2 production rates in 20 vol % ethanol/water and 5 vol % glycerol/water mixtures (10 and 22 mmol h−1 g−1, respectively). Detailed analyses based on reaction kinetics, photoluminescence, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and charge carrier scavenging suggest that both working catalysts are composed of Cu and Ni metals in their active phases. Cu0 is produced directly by the transfer of electrons from the conduction band of TiO2 to surface Cu(OH)2 nanoclusters, whereas Ni0 is formed indirectly through a process of gradual dissolution of Ni(OH)2 to yield aqueous Ni2+ owing to the acidic environment of the medium, followed by Ni2+ reduction by electrons from the TiO2 conduction band. The high rates of H2 production that match those obtained with noble metals can be explained owing to a considerably less negative ΔGo of Cu oxide formation when compared with that of Ni oxide formation and higher work function of Ni than that of Cu.
Reverse Stereoselectivity in the Lipase‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Diacetylated Pyrimidine Acyclonucleosides
Authors: Kołodziejska Renata , Studzińska Renata 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe enzymatic hydrolysis of the prochiral acetyl groups of pyrimidine acyclonucleoside derivatives was catalyzed effectively by lipase Amano PS from Burkholderia cepacia (BCL) to give monoacetates with a high optical purity. The stereopreference of BCL depends on the structure of the substrates. The BCL‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the unsubstituted acyclonucleoside 2‐{[2,4‐dioxo‐3,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinazolin‐1(2H)‐yl]methoxy}propane‐1,3‐diyl diacetate is enantiotopically selective (pro‐R). After the reaction, the enantiomerically pure 2‐S isomer was obtained. The additional group on the ring caused a dramatic change in the stereopreference of the enzyme‐catalyzed deacylation compared to that of the unsubstituted compound, and the reverse chiral preference was observed. The enzymatic deacylation of prochiral ester groups of acyclonucleoside analogs substituted at C‐6 and C‐8 in 2,4‐dioxo‐3,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinazoline ring led to the 2‐R isomer (pro‐S selectivity).
Activating Oxygen Molecules over Carbonyl‐Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Merging Supramolecular Oxidation with Photocatalysis in a Metal‐Free Catalyst for Oxidative Coupling of Amines into Imines
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Jun , Ge Jie‐Min , Wang Hong‐Hui , Wei Xiao , Li Xin‐Hao , Chen Jie‐Sheng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCarbonyl‐modified carbon nitride (m‐O=C3N4) can act as a highly efficient metal‐free photocatalyst for selective oxidation reactions, as exemplified herein by the oxidative coupling of amines to imines by using dioxygen molecules and visible light. The C=O groups built‐in on the surface of the material significantly boosted the activity by following the principle of supramolecular oxidation, that is, they largely promoted the oxidation reaction at room temperature by binding in situ formed H2O2 photogenerated on the surface from the dioxygen molecules and accelerated the reaction between H2O2 and the amines.
Role of Organic Acids in Flux Enhancement of Polyamide Nanofiltration Membranes
Authors: Akbari Ahmad , Ostadmoradi Nafiseh , Rostami Sayed Majid Mojallali , Homayoonfal Maryam 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA novel thin‐film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membrane containing hydrophilic organic additives was fabricated via interfacial polymerization. Three organic acids, i.e., lactic, maleic, and citric acid, served as aqueous‐phase additives and their role in membrane structure and nanofiltration membrane flux enhancement was investigated. Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) analysis confirmed the presence of organic acids in the polyamide (PA) layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses were applied to investigate the membrane morphology. The more carboxylic functional groups present in the additive resulted in higher hydrophilicity and porosity and flux was enhanced significantly compared to the neat PA membrane, while salt rejection was influenced only to a minor extent.
Highly Dispersed Polyoxometalate‐Doped Porous Co3O4 Water Oxidation Photocatalysts Derived from POM@MOF Crystalline Materials
Authors: Lan Qing , Zhang Zhi‐Ming , Qin Chao , Wang Xin‐Long , Li Yang‐Guang , Tan Hua‐Qiao , Wang En‐Bo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRational design of earth‐abundant photocatalysts is an important issue for solar energy conversion and storage. Polyoxometalate (POM)@Co3O4 composites doped with highly dispersive molecular metal–oxo clusters, synthesized by loading a single Keggin‐type POM cluster into each confined space of a metal–organic framework (MOF), exhibit significantly improved photocatalytic activity in water oxidation compared to the pure MOF‐derived nanostructure. The systematic synthesis of these composite nanocrystals allows the conditions to be tuned, and their respective water oxidation catalytic performance can be efficiently adjusted by varying the thermal treatment temperature and the feeding amount of the POM. This work not only provides a modular and tunable synthetic strategy for preparing molecular cluster@TM oxide (TM=transition metal) nanostructures, but also showcases a universal strategy that is applicable to design and construct multifunctional nanoporous metal oxide composite materials.
Stepwise Regioselective Hydrogenation of cis‐2‐C60(CF2)2 Homofullerene with [6,6]‐Open/Closed Valence Tautomerism
Authors: Bogdanov Viktor P. , Semivrazhskaya Olesya O. , Belov Nikita M. , Troyanov Sergey I. , Markov Vitaliy Yu. , Ioffe Ilya N. , Kemnitz Erhard , Goryunkov Alexey A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe homofullerene compound cis‐2‐C60(CF2)2, which has an unusual kind of open/closed valence tautomerism undergoes consecutive regioselective hydrogenation at bridgehead carbon atoms upon reduction with Zn/Cu couple in H2O‐toluene mixture. The tautomerism barrier in cis‐2‐C60(CF2)2 is negligible in the neutral state, whereas negative charging both impedes tautomeric transformation and promotes regioselective addition of electrophilic species at the bridgehead carbon atoms. In light of this observation, two novel homofullerene derivatives, mixed [6,6]‐open/closed C60(CF2)2H2 and [6,6]‐open cis‐2‐C60(CF2)2H4, were synthesized and their structures were unambiguously determined by means of single crystal X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy.
Phosphorus and Halogen Co‐Doped Graphene Materials and their Electrochemistry
Authors: Wang Lu , Sofer Zdenek , Zboril Radek , Cepe Klara , Pumera Martin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDoping of graphene materials with heteroatoms is important as it can change their electronic and electrochemical properties. Here, graphene is co‐doped with n‐type dopants such as phosphorus and halogen (Cl, Br, I). Phosphorus and halogen are introduced through the treatment of graphene oxide with PX3 gas (PCl3, PBr3, and PI3). Graphene oxides are prepared through chlorate and permanganate routes. Detailed chemical and structural characterization demonstrates that the graphene sheets are covered homogeneously by phosphorus and halogen atoms. It is found that the amount of phosphorus and halogen introduced depends on the graphene oxide preparation method. The electrocatalytic effect of the resulting co‐doped materials is demonstrated for industrially relevant electrochemical reactions such as the hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions.
Detoxification of Chemical Warfare Agents Using a Zr6‐Based Metal–Organic Framework/Polymer Mixture
Authors: Moon Su‐Young , Proussaloglou Emmanuel , Peterson Gregory W. , DeCoste Jared B. , Hall Morgan G. , Howarth Ashlee J. , Hupp Joseph T. , Farha Omar K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOwing to their high surface area, periodic distribution of metal sites, and water stability, zirconium‐based metal–organic frameworks (Zr6‐MOFs) have shown promising activity for the hydrolysis of nerve agents GD and VX, as well as the simulant, dimethyl 4‐nitrophenylphosphate (DMNP), in buffered solutions. A hurdle to using MOFs for this application is the current need for a buffer solution. Here the destruction of the simulant DMNP, as well as the chemical warfare agents (GD and VX) through hydrolysis using a MOF catalyst mixed with a non‐volatile, water‐insoluble, heterogeneous buffer is reported. The hydrolysis of the simulant and nerve agents in the presence of the heterogeneous buffer was fast and effective.
In‐situ‐Reaktionsverfolgung mittels ATR‐IR‐Spektroskopie bei der CO2‐Hydrierung zu Ameisensäure
Authors: Ehnes Christoph , Lucas Martin , Claus Peter 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBei der Hydrierung von Kohlendioxid zu Ameisensäure stellt die Analytik aufgrund der ungünstigen Gleichgewichtslage und des komplexen Reaktionsmediums eine Herausforderung dar. Geringe Ausbeuten, trotz des Einsatzes eines Ru/γ‐Al2O3‐Katalysators, Bildung von Ameisensäure‐Amin‐Addukten und Folgereaktionen mit dem Lösungsmittel erschweren die Analytik. Die Kopplung des Reaktors mit der ATR‐IR‐Spektroskopie gestattet die präzise In‐situ‐Verfolgung der Reaktion. Eine weitere Stärke ist die störungsfreie Zugänglichkeit der initialen Kinetik. So konnte eine Abweichung vom Arrheniusverhalten gefunden werden.
Ethylene Epoxidation with Nitrous Oxide over Fe–BTC Metal–Organic Frameworks: A DFT Study
Authors: Maihom Thana , Choomwattana Saowapak , Wannakao Sippakorn , Probst Michael , Limtrakul Jumras 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe epoxidation of ethylene with N2O over the metal‐organic framework Fe–BTC (BTC=1,3,5‐benzentricarboxylate) is investigated by means of density functional calculations. Two reaction paths for the production of ethylene oxide or acetaldehyde are systematically considered in order to assess the efficiency of Fe–BTC for the selective formation of ethylene oxide. The reaction starts with the decomposition of N2O to form an active surface oxygen atom on the Fe site of Fe–BTC, which subsequently reacts with an ethylene molecule to form an ethyleneoxy intermediate. This intermediate can then be selectively transformed either by 1,2‐hydride shift into the undesired product acetaldehyde or into the desired product ethylene oxide by way of ring closure of the intermediate. The production of ethylene oxide requires an activation energy of 5.1 kcal mol−1, which is only about one‐third of the activation energy of acetaldehyde formation (14.3 kcal mol−1). The predicted reaction rate constants for the formation of ethylene oxide in the relevant temperature range are approximately 2–4 orders of magnitude higher than those for acetaldehyde. Altogether, the results suggest that Fe–BTC is a good candidate catalyst for the epoxidation of ethylene by molecular N2O.
Prospective and dyadic associations between expectant parents’ prenatal hormone changes and postpartum parenting outcomes
Authors: Edelstein Robin S. , Chopik William J. , Saxbe Darby E. , Wardecker Britney M. , Moors Amy C. , LaBelle Onawa P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDuring the transition to parenthood, both men and women experience hormone changes that are thought to promote parental care. Yet very few studies have explicitly tested the hypothesis that prenatal hormone changes are associated with postpartum parenting behavior. In a longitudinal study of 27 first‐time expectant couples, we assessed whether prenatal hormone changes were moderated by self‐ and partner‐reported parenting outcomes at 3 months postpartum. Expectant fathers showed prenatal declines in testosterone and estradiol, and larger declines in these hormones were associated with greater contributions to household and infant care tasks postpartum. Women whose partners showed larger testosterone declines also reported receiving more support and more help with household tasks. Expectant mothers showed prenatal increases in testosterone and estradiol, and larger increases in these hormones were associated with lower partner‐rated support. Together, our findings provide some of the first evidence that prenatal hormone changes may indeed be functional and that the implications of these changes may be detectable by co‐parents.
A global study of the unmet need for glycemic control and predictor factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have achieved optimal fasting plasma glucose control on basal insulin
Authors: Raccah Denis , Chou Engels , Colagiuri Stephen , Gaàl Zsolt , Lavalle Fernando , Mkrtumyan Ashot , Nikonova Elena , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Vidal Josep , Davies Melanie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study used data from different sources to identify the extent of the unmet need for postprandial glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after the initiation of basal insulin therapy in Europe, Asia Pacific, the United States, and Latin America.MethodsDifferent levels of evidence were used as available for each country/region, with data extracted from seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs), three clinical trial registries (CTRs), and three electronic medical record (EMR) databases. Glycemic status was categorized as “well controlled” (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] at target [<7%]), “residual hyperglycemia” (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] but not HbA1c at target [FPG <7.2/7.8 mmol/L, <130/140 mg/dL, depending on country‐specific recommendations]), or “uncontrolled” (both FPG and HbA1c above target). Predictor factors were identified from the RCT data set using logistic regression analysis.ResultsRCT data showed that 16.9% to 28.0%, 42.7% to 54.4%, and 16.9% to 38.1% of patients with T2DM had well‐controlled glycemia, residual hyperglycemia, and uncontrolled hyperglycemia, respectively. In CTRs, respective ranges were 21.8% to 33.6%, 31.5% to 35.6%, and 30.7% to 46.8%, and in EMR databases were 4.4% to 21.0%, 23.9% to 31.8%, and 53.6% to 63.8%. Significant predictor factors of residual hyperglycemia identified from RCT data included high baseline HbA1c (all countries/regions except Brazil), high baseline FPG (United Kingdom/Japan), longer duration of diabetes (Brazil), and female sex (Europe/Latin America).ConclusionsIrrespective of intrinsic differences between data sources, 24% to 54% of patients with T2DM globally had residual hyperglycemia with HbA1c not at target, despite achieving FPG control, indicating a significant unmet need for postprandial glycemic control.
The role of novel forest ecosystems in the conservation of wood‐inhabiting fungi in boreal broadleaved forests
Authors: Juutilainen Katja , Mönkkönen Mikko , Kotiranta Heikki , Halme Panu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe increasing human impact on the earth's biosphere is inflicting changes at all spatial scales. As well as deterioration and fragmentation of natural biological systems, these changes also led to other, unprecedented effects and emergence of novel habitats. In boreal zone, intensive forest management has negatively impacted a multitude of deadwood‐associated species. This is especially alarming given the important role wood‐inhabiting fungi have in the natural decay processes. In the boreal zone, natural broad‐leaved‐dominated, herb‐rich forests are threatened habitats which have high wood‐inhabiting fungal species richness. Fungal diversity in other broadleaved forest habitat types is poorly known. Traditional wood pastures and man‐made afforested fields are novel habitats that could potentially be important for wood‐inhabiting fungi. This study compares species richness and fungal community composition across the aforementioned habitat types, based on data collected for wood‐inhabiting fungi occupying all deadwood diameter fractions. Corticioid and polyporoid fungi were surveyed from 67 130 deadwood particles in four natural herb‐rich forests, four birch‐dominated wood pastures, and four birch‐dominated afforested field sites in central Finland. As predicted, natural herb‐rich forests were the most species‐rich habitat. However, afforested fields also had considerably higher overall species richness than wood pastures. Many rare or rarely collected species were detected in each forest type. Finally, fungal community composition showed some divergence not only among the different habitat types, but also among deadwood diameter fractions. Synthesis and applications: In order to maintain biodiversity at both local and regional scales, conserving threatened natural habitat types and managing traditional landscapes is essential. Man‐made secondary woody habitats could provide the necessary resources and serve as surrogate habitats for many broadleaved deadwood‐associated species, and thus complement the existing conservation network of natural forests.
Experimental warming increases herbivory by leaf‐chewing insects in an alpine plant community
Authors: Birkemoe Tone , Bergmann Saskia , Hasle Toril E. , Klanderud Kari 
Published: September 2016

AbstractClimate warming is predicted to affect species and trophic interactions worldwide, and alpine ecosystems are expected to be especially sensitive to changes. In this study, we used two ongoing climate warming (open‐top chambers) experiments at Finse, southern Norway, to examine whether warming had an effect on herbivory by leaf‐chewing insects in an alpine Dryas heath community. We recorded feeding marks on the most common vascular plant species in warmed and control plots at two experimental sites at different elevations and carried out a brief inventory of insect herbivores. Experimental warming increased herbivory on Dryas octopetala and Bistorta vivipara. Dryas octopetala also experienced increased herbivory at the lower and warmer site, indicating an overall positive effect of warming, whereas B. vivipara experienced an increased herbivory at the colder and higher site indicating a mixed effect of warming. The Lepidoptera Zygaena exulans and Sympistis nigrita were the two most common leaf‐chewing insects in the Dryas heath. Based on the observed patterns of herbivory, the insects life cycles and feeding preferences, we argue that Z. exulans is the most important herbivore on B. vivipara, and S. nigrita the most important herbivore on D. octopetala. We conclude that if the degree of insect herbivory increases in a warmer world, as suggested by this study and others, complex interactions between plants, insects, and site‐specific conditions make it hard to predict overall effects on plant communities.
Thermodynamic Evaluation and Carbon Footprint Analysis of the Application of Hydrogen‐Based Energy‐Storage Systems in Residential Buildings
Authors: Adametz Patrick , Pötzinger Christian , Müller Stefan , Müller Karsten , Preißinger Markus , Lechner Raphael , Brüggemann Dieter , Brautsch Markus , Arlt Wolfgang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study represents a thermodynamic evaluation and carbon footprint analysis of the application of hydrogen‐based energy storage systems in residential buildings. In the system model, buildings are equipped with photovoltaic (PV) modules and a hydrogen storage system to conserve excess PV electricity from times with high solar irradiation to times with low solar irradiation. Short‐term storages enable a degree of self‐sufficiency of approximately 60 % for a single‐family house (SFH) [multifamily house (MFH): 38 %]. Emissions can be reduced by 40 % (SFH) (MFH: 30 %) compared to households without PV modules. These results are almost independent of the applied storage technology. For seasonal storage, the degree of self‐sufficiency ranges between 57 and 83 % (SFH). The emission reductions highly depend on the storage technology, as emissions caused by manufacturing the storage dominate the emission balance. Compressed gas or liquid organic hydrogen carriers are the best options, enabling emission reductions of 40 %.
Carbo‐ and Methanothermal Reduction of Tungsten Trioxide into Metallic Tungsten for Thermochemical Production of Solar Fuels
Authors: Villafán‐Vidales Heidi I. , Abanades Stéphane , Montiel‐González Moises , Romero‐Paredes‐Rubio Hernando 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe WO3/W redox pair is proposed as an alternative option for the production of solar fuels due to high reactivity and selectivity in two‐step thermochemical redox cycles. This study addresses the high‐temperature solar step involving the use of carbonaceous materials (carbon or methane) as reducing agents to lower the temperature of the reduction step in the WO3/W cycle, which makes the process compatible with the use of concentrated solar energy as the source of process heat. The carbothermal reduction of tungsten trioxide to tungsten by using carbon in the form of graphite, carbon black, and activated carbon was investigated with a thermobalance and a packed‐bed tubular reactor, whereas methanothermal reduction was studied by using a solar‐driven thermogravimetric reactor. The WO3/C powder reactivity was analyzed as a function of temperature, carbon type, and stoichiometry of the reactant mixture. The reaction was complete upon heating to 1280 °C when using excess carbon in the mixture, with metallic tungsten and carbon monoxide as the main products. A high specific surface area of carbon favored the solid–gas reaction mechanism, whereas a small carbon nanoparticle size favored the solid–solid mechanism, along with the formation of carbides. Methanothermal reduction of WO3 started from 850 °C and yielded mainly W and WC at 1000 °C with WO3 conversion above 80 %. This study thus indicates that carbo‐ and methanothermal reduction of tungsten trioxide can be used to produce metallic tungsten powder efficiently.