bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its related factors among North Korean refugees in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Yoon Jung , Lee Yo Han , Lee Yun Jeong , Kim Kyeong Jin , An Jee Hyun , Kim Nam Hoon , Kim Hee Young , Choi Dong Seop , Kim Sin Gon 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its related factors among North Korean refugees (NKR) in South Korea.DesignCross-sectional study conducted using a questionnaire and anthropometric and biochemical data on NKR in South Korea.SettingSeoul, South Korea.ParticipantsA sample of NKR who voluntarily underwent medical examinations in Anam Hospital of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea (N=708, consisting of 161 males and 547 females). To compare the prevalence of MetS, 1416 age- and gender-matched individuals from the South Korean population (SKP, at a ratio of 1:2 to NKR) were randomly selected from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Main outcome measuresThe prevalence of MetS and its related factors among NKR in South Korea and comparison with its prevalence among the general SKP.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS among male and female NKR in South Korea was 19.7% and 17.2%, respectively. Although obesity is more prevalent in South than in North Korea, we found no difference in the prevalence of MetS between the female NKR and SKP groups (17.2% vs 16.6%, respectively; p=0.830). As regards the males, the small sample size of the NKR group yielded insufficient evidence of any difference in MetS prevalence between the NKR and SKP groups (19.7% vs 26.2%, respectively; p=0.134). We found that excess weight gain (≥5%) in South Korea was significantly associated with MetS among NKR.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MetS among NKR did not differ from that in the SKP group despite the lower prevalence of obesity in NKR than in the general SKP. The fact that excess weight gain in South Korea was associated with the risk of MetS suggests that public health policy makers should focus on preventing excess weight gain in NKR during resettlement in South Korea.
Feasibility of EEG to monitor cognitive performance during venous cannulation: EEG Distracted Intravenous Access (E-DIVA)
Authors: Lowe David J , James Scott A , Lloyd Adam , Clegg Gareth R 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe feasibility study aims to evaluate the use of EEG in measuring workload during a simulated intravenous cannulation task. Cognitive workload is strongly linked to performance, but current methods to assess workload are unreliable. The paper presents the use of EEG to compare the cognitive workload between an expert and novice group completing a simple clinical task.Methods2 groups of volunteers (10 final year medical students and 10 emergency medicine consultants) were invited to take part in the study. Each participant was asked to perform 3 components of the simulation protocol: intravenous cannulation, a simple arithmetic test and finally these tasks combined. Error rate, speed of task completion and an EEG-based measure of cognitive workload were recorded for each element.ResultsEEG cognitive workload during the combined cannulation and arithmetic task is significantly greater in novice participants when compared with expert operators performing the same task combination. EEG workload mean measured for novice and experts was 0.62 and 0.54, respectively (p=0.001, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.30). There was no significant difference between novice and expert EEG workload when the tasks were performed individually.ConclusionsEEG provides the opportunity to monitor and analyse the impact of cognitive load on clinical performance. Despite the significant challenges in set up and protocol design, there is a potential to develop educational interventions to optimise clinician's awareness of cognitive load. In addition, it may enable the use of metrics to monitor the impact of different interventions and select those that optimise clinical performance.
Enhanced thermoelectric performance in c-axis oriented Ca3Co4O9 films by Ag addition through multiple annealing
Authors: Liu Shengman , Zhu Caixia , Ge Xianghong , Wang Tingtai , Feng Junlan , Yang Linfeng 
Published: June 2016

The [Formula: see text]-axis oriented Ca3Co4O9 (CCO) films without and with 5 wt.% Ag addition were prepared by chemical solution deposition (CSD) through multiple annealing processing on single crystal LaAlO3 (001) substrates. With Ag addition, the resistivity at 300 K is decreased to 2.25 m[Formula: see text]cm, the Seebeck coefficient at 300 K is enhanced to 106 [Formula: see text]V/K and the power factor at 300 K can reach as high as 0.5 mW[Formula: see text]K[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text], which is the highest value among CCO films prepared by CSD. The results suggest that Ag addition is a very effective route to improve the thermoelectric properties of CCO films through multiple annealing processing.
Cancer Tills the Premetastatic Field: Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Implications
Authors: Chin Andrew R. , Wang Shizhen Emily 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A growing body of work has shown that cancer metastasis is not a random spontaneous event; rather, it is the culmination of a cascade of priming steps through which a subpopulation of the tumor cells acquires invasive traits while readying a permissive environment, termed the "premetastatic niche," in which distant metastases can occur. Signals from the primary tumor mobilize and adapt immune cells as well as directly communicating with distant niche cells to induce a broad spectrum of adaptations in target organs, including the induction of angiogenesis, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and metabolic reprogramming. Together, these interactions facilitate the formation of a premetastatic niche composed of a variable mix of resident and recruited immune cells, endothelial cells, and stromal cells connected through a complex signaling network that we are only beginning to understand. Here, we summarize the latest findings on how cancer induces and guides the formation of this premetastatic niche as well as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets that may lead to a better understanding and effective treatment of metastatic disease. Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3725–33. ©2016 AACR.
GTL001, A Therapeutic Vaccine for Women Infected with Human Papillomavirus 16 or 18 and Normal Cervical Cytology: Results of a Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Van Damme Pierre , Bouillette-Marussig Myriam , Hens Annick , De Coster Ilse , Depuydt Christophe , Goubier Anne , Van Tendeloo Viggo , Cools Nathalie , Goossens Herman , Hercend Thierry , Timmerman Benedikt , Bissery Marie-Christine 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurpose: Women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) with normal cytology to mild abnormalities currently have no treatment options other than watchful waiting or surgery if high-grade cervical lesions or cancer develop. A therapeutic vaccine would offer the possibility of preventing high-grade lesions in HPV-infected women. GTL001 is a therapeutic vaccine composed of recombinant HPV16 and HPV18 E7 proteins fused to catalytically inactive Bordetella pertussis CyaA. This study examined the tolerability and immunogenicity of GTL001 in women infected with HPV16 or HPV18 with normal cytology.Experimental Design: This was a phase I trial (EudraCT No. 2010-018629-21). In an open-label part, subjects received two intradermal vaccinations 6 weeks apart of 100 or 600 μg GTL001 + topical 5% imiquimod cream at the injection site. In a double-blind part, subjects were randomized 2:1:1 to two vaccinations 6 weeks apart of 600 μg GTL001 + imiquimod, 600 μg GTL001 + placebo cream, or placebo + imiquimod.Results: Forty-seven women were included. No dropouts, treatment-related serious adverse events, or dose-limiting toxicities occurred. Local reactions were transient and mostly mild or moderate. HPV16/18 viral load decreased the most in the 600 μg GTL001 + imiquimod group. In post hoc analyses, the 600 μg GTL001 + imiquimod group had the highest rates of initial and sustained HPV16/18 clearance. Imiquimod increased antigen-specific T-cell response rates but not rates of solicited reactions. All subjects seroconverted to CyaA.Conclusions: For women infected with HPV16 or HPV18 with normal cervical cytology, GTL001 was immunogenic and had acceptable safety profile. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3238–48. ©2016 AACR.
Additive Prognostic Value of Echocardiographic Global Longitudinal and Global Circumferential Strain to Electrocardiographic Criteria in Patients With Heart Failure Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Delgado-Montero Antonia , Tayal Bhupendar , Goda Akiko , Ryo Keiko , Marek Josef J. , Sugahara Masataka , Qi Zhi , Althouse Andrew D. , Saba Samir , Schwartzman David , Gorcsan John 
Published: June 2016

Background—
Response to cardiac resynchronization therapy is most favorable in patients with heart failure with QRS duration ≥150 ms and left bundle branch block and less predictable in those with QRS width 120 to 149 ms or non–left bundle branch block.

Methods and Results—

We studied 205 patients with heart failure referred for cardiac resynchronization therapy with QRS ≥120 ms and ejection fraction ≤35%. We tested the hypothesis that contractile function using speckle-tracking echocardiographic global circumferential strain (GCS) from 2 short-axis views and global longitudinal strain (GLS) from 3 apical views add prognostic value to electrocardiographic criteria. There were 112 patients (55%) with GLS >−9% and 136 patients (66%) with GCS >−9%. During 4 years, 81 patients reached the combined primary end point (death, circulatory support, or transplant) and 120 reached the secondary end point (heart failure hospitalization or death). Both GLS >−9% and GCS >−9% were associated with increased risk of unfavorable events as follows: for the primary end point (hazard ratio=2.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.88–4.49;
P
<0.001) and (hazard ratio=3.73; 95% confidence interval, 2.39–5.82;
P
<0.001) for the secondary end point (hazard ratio=2.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.45–3.05;
P
<0.001) and (hazard ratio=3.25; 95% confidence interval, 2.23–4.75;
P
<0.001). In a prespecified subgroup of 120 patients with QRS 120 to 149 ms or non–left bundle branch block, significant associations of baseline GLS and GCS and outcomes remained:
P
=0.014 and
P
=0.002 for the primary end point and
P
=0.049 and
P
=0.001 for the secondary end point. Global strain measures had additive prognostic value to routine clinical or electrocardiographic parameters (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Baseline GCS and GLS were significantly associated with long-term outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy and had additive prognostic value to routine clinical and electrocardiographic selection criteria for cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Leo Strauss, Political Science, and the Trouble with a “Great Books” Approach to the Study of Politics
Authors: Blakely Jason 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
I argue that Leo Strauss’s critique of political science has been deeply misunderstood. Moreover, once the true nature of Strauss’s critique is clarified, I argue that he does not provide a viable alternative to contemporary political science. Instead, his philosophy has mostly justified a “great books” approach to the study of politics, which has contributed to the self-isolation of political theory from the rest of political science. Political theorists should seek new ways forward that more substantively engage the concerns of the mainstream of the discipline.
Religion and the (de-)construction of Diaspora
Authors: Behloul Samuel M. 
Published: June 2016

The aim of this article is to highlight aspects of the complex relationship between religious and ethno-national identity-building processes from transnational and trans-state perspectives, using the example of Muslim migrants from the former Yugoslavia in Switzerland, focussing on Albanians and Bosniaks.The starting point of the article is the idea that religions, in addition to their use of symbols and myths of origin to surround ethno-nationalist ‘assumptions’ with a special ‘aura of factuality’ (Geertz, 1993: 90), provide important resources in the form of universal values that are adopted by individuals as norms of daily conduct. Furthermore, because of their universal claims, religions provide supranational and transnational beliefs and give rise to leaders whose reach can extend beyond their nation or faith tradition.
Isolating the Temperature Feedback Loop and Its Effects on Surface Temperature
Authors: Sejas Sergio A. , Cai Ming 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Climate feedback processes are known to substantially amplify the surface warming response to an increase of greenhouse gases. When the forcing and feedbacks modify the temperature response they trigger temperature feedback loops that amplify the direct temperature changes due to the forcing and nontemperature feedbacks through the thermal–radiative coupling between the atmosphere and surface. This study introduces a new feedback-response analysis method that can isolate and quantify the effects of the temperature feedback loops of individual processes on surface temperature from their corresponding direct surface temperature responses.
The authors analyze a 1% yr−1 increase of CO2 simulation of the NCAR CCSM4 at the time of CO2 doubling to illustrate the new method. The Planck sensitivity parameter, which indicates colder regions experience stronger surface temperature responses given the same change in surface energy flux, is the inherent factor that leads to polar warming amplification (PWA). This effect explains the PWA in the Antarctic, while the direct temperature response to the albedo and cloud feedbacks further explains the greater PWA of the Arctic. Temperature feedback loops, particularly the one associated with the albedo feedback, further amplify the Arctic surface warming relative to the tropics. In the tropics, temperature feedback loops associated with the CO2 forcing and water vapor feedback cause most of the surface warming. Overall, the temperature feedback is responsible for most of the surface warming globally, accounting for nearly 76% of the global-mean surface warming. This is 3 times larger than the next largest warming contribution, indicating that the temperature feedback loop is the preeminent contributor to the surface warming.
Importance of Midlatitude Oceanic Frontal Zones for the Annular Mode Variability: Interbasin Differences in the Southern Annular Mode Signature
Authors: Ogawa Fumiaki , Nakamura Hisashi , Nishii Kazuaki , Miyasaka Takafumi , Kuwano-Yoshida Akira 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A midlatitude oceanic frontal zone is a confluent region of warm and cool ocean currents, characterized by a strong meridional gradient in both sea surface temperature (SST) and surface air temperature (SAT). While recent observational and modeling studies indicate potential impacts of midlatitude oceanic fronts on the extratropical climatological circulation, including storm tracks and eddy-driven westerlies, their impacts on the atmospheric-dominant low-frequency variability (i.e., the annular mode) still remain to be understood. This study explores possible impacts of midlatitude oceanic frontal zones on annular mode signatures in the wintertime Southern Hemisphere (SH). To mimic the SH, sets of idealized aquaplanet experiments are conducted with zonally symmetric distributions of SST prescribed globally at the lower boundary of an atmospheric general circulation model. By systematically changing the latitude of frontal gradient in the SST profile, the experiments reveal that the characteristics of the wintertime annular mode exhibit strong sensitivity to the position of the SST front if situated at midlatitude or subpolar latitude. The annular mode may be interpreted as a manifestation of wobble of the extratropical tropospheric circulation between two “dynamical regimes”—one under the strong influence of SST gradient and the other under the strong control of atmospheric internal dynamics unrelated to the lower-boundary condition. In fact, this interpretation offers insight into the observed interbasin differences in the wintertime signature of the southern annular mode (SAM) that are embedded in the zonally symmetric anomalies. The findings suggest a possible reinterpretation of the climatological-mean state observed in the wintertime SH as the superposition of those two dynamical regimes.
Molecular picture of cobalamin C/D defects before and after newborn screening era
Authors: Nogueira C , Marcão A , Rocha H , Sousa C , Fonseca H , Valongo C , Vilarinho L 
Published: June 2016

Objective Birth prevalence of Cobalamin (Cbl) C or D defects in Portugal is an estimated 1:85,000, one of the highest worldwide. We compared the genotype/phenotype of patients identified with CblC or CblD before and after the implementation of expanded newborn screening. Methods Twenty-five Portuguese CblC/D patients, 14 symptomatic and 11 identified through screening, were diagnosed using gas chromatography or tandem mass spectrometry. Molecular characterization was performed through the study of MMACHC and MMADHC genes. Results The most common MMACHC mutation, c.271dupA, was present in 100% of MMACHC alleles of all CblC screened patients, in contrast with the 61% identified before expanded newborn screening. All studied cases (except one, who presented a CblD deficiency) presented a CblC defect. More CblC late-onset patients were diagnosed before the introduction of newborn screening than in the post newborn screening era, probably because some early onset patients died without a definitive diagnosis. Conclusion The molecular data found in this cohort contribute to the improvement of screening and diagnosis of Cbl defects and would enable a confirmatory diagnosis of these patients, reducing the need for complex, costly, laborious, and time-consuming biochemical/enzymatic tests.
What is a picture worth? A primer for coding and interpreting photographic data
Authors: Chapman Mimi V , Wu Shiyou , Zhu Meihua 
Published: June 2016

Society is becoming increasingly image based. As individuals regularly record moments both mundane and momentous, images potentially lose or gain power to communicate important information. Social work scholars have argued that social work should incorporate images into both interventions ( Chapman and Hall, 2016 ; Chapman et al., 2014 ) and research ( Marshal et al., 2009 ). A recent review provides an overview of visual methodologies in social work ( Clark and Morriss, 2015 ). The most popular means of doing this has been through the incorporation of Photovoice ( Wang and Burris, 1997 ) into the social work research repertoire. Yet, in Photovoice, although images are central, text remains the unit of analysis. This paper aims to augment the existing literature in social work by focusing on ways in which images can be data in and of themselves and how image-based data interact with text-based data. We will begin with ethical considerations, proceed to step-by-step instructions for coding and analyzing image-based data in ATLAS.ti, and finally discuss interpretation. A case example drawing on a visually based project originally conducted with in-country Chinese migrant mothers will illustrate the outlined methods.
Precipitation of manganese oxides on the surface of construction materials in the Khmer temples, Cambodia
Authors: Uchida Etsuo , Watanabe Ryota , Osawa Satomi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background
In addition to the blackening caused by blue-green algae growth, other black areas on the surface of construction materials (e.g., sandstone, laterite and bricks) are frequently observed in the Khmer temples in Cambodia. A non-destructive on-site investigation was carried out using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer (pXRF). In addition, samples were taken from the buildings and were analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and were observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope.

Results and conclusions
A non-destructive investigation using the pXRF revealed that this blackening was caused by manganese oxide precipitates. The precipitates contained small amounts of Ni, V, Zn, Y, K, Cl, S, Pb, and Cr. The XRD analysis indicated that the manganese oxides were mainly present as an amorphous phase, but some formed birnessite and todorokite. The manganese precipitates were mostly in a hexagonal plate form (100–300 nm), but some were in a rod-shape, which may have been caused by the activity of manganese oxidizing microbes. Preliminary experiments on removal of manganese oxide precipitates were conducted. The manganese oxide precipitates could be easily removed using a reducing agent such as an oxalic acid solution.
Biomimetic microenvironments for regenerative endodontics
Authors: Kaushik Sagar N. , Kim Bogeun , Walma Alexander M. Cruz , Choi Sung Chul , Wu Hui , Mao Jeremy J. , Jun Ho-Wook , Cheon Kyounga 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Regenerative endodontics has been proposed to replace damaged and underdeveloped tooth structures with normal pulp-dentin tissue by providing a natural extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicking environment; stem cells, signaling molecules, and scaffolds. In addition, clinical success of the regenerative endodontic treatments can be evidenced by absence of signs and symptoms; no bony pathology, a disinfected pulp, and the maturation of root dentin in length and thickness. In spite of the various approaches of regenerative endodontics, there are several major challenges that remain to be improved: a) the endodontic root canal is a strong harbor of the endodontic bacterial biofilm and the fundamental etiologic factors of recurrent endodontic diseases, (b) tooth discolorations are caused by antibiotics and filling materials, (c) cervical root fractures are caused by endodontic medicaments, (d) pulp tissue is not vascularized nor innervated, and (e) the dentin matrix is not developed with adequate root thickness and length. Generally, current clinical protocols and recent studies have shown a limited success of the pulp-dentin tissue regeneration. Throughout the various approaches, the construction of biomimetic microenvironments of pulp-dentin tissue is a key concept of the tissue engineering based regenerative endodontics. The biomimetic microenvironments are composed of a synthetic nano-scaled polymeric fiber structure that mimics native pulp ECM and functions as a scaffold of the pulp-dentin tissue complex. They will provide a framework of the pulp ECM, can deliver selective bioactive molecules, and may recruit pluripotent stem cells from the vicinity of the pulp apex. The polymeric nanofibers are produced by methods of self-assembly, electrospinning, and phase separation. In order to be applied to biomedical use, the polymeric nanofibers require biocompatibility, stability, and biodegradability. Therefore, this review focuses on the development and application of the biomimetic microenvironments of pulp-dentin tissue among the current regenerative endodontics.