bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel mentorship programme for residents integrating academic development, clinical teaching and graduate medical education assessment
Authors: Bhatia Kriti , Takayesu James Kimo , Nadel Eric S. 
Published: January 2016

Introduction Mentorship fosters career development and growth. During residency training, mentorship should support clinical development along with intellectual and academic interests. Reported resident mentoring programmes do not typically include clinical components. We designed a programme that combines academic development with clinical feedback and assessment in a four-year emergency medicine residency programme.
Methods Incoming interns were assigned an advisor. At the conclusion of the intern year, residents actively participated in selecting a mentor for the duration of residency. The programme consisted of quarterly meetings, direct clinical observation and specific competency assessment, assistance with lecture preparation, real-time feedback on presentations, simulation coaching sessions, and discussions related to career development. Faculty participation was recognized as a valuable component of the annual review process. Residents were surveyed about the overall programme and individual components.
Results Over 88 % of the respondents said that the programme was valuable and should be continued. Senior residents most valued the quarterly meetings and presentation help and feedback. Junior residents strongly valued the clinical observation and simulation sessions.
Conclusions A comprehensive mentorship programme integrating clinical, professional and academic development provides residents individualized feedback and coaching and is valued by trainees. Individualized assessment of clinical competencies can be conducted through such a programme.
Vegetation patterns and species-filtering effects of soil in secondary succession in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Authors: Sann Bo , Kanzaki Mamoru , Ohta Seiichi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract:We studied the vegetation and soil properties of a dry forest that had once been disturbed in central Myanmar using 30 quadrats (20 × 20 m) established in 2012. For 30 species, the overall density was 706 individuals ha−1, and the basal area was 2.92 m2ha−1. The forest was a mosaic of six community types, each of which was dominated by a single species. Dominant species that were capable of resprouting accounted for 47–78% of the total density and 56–83% of the basal area of the communities. We related seven soil properties to the vegetation patterns using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The CCA results highlighted remarkable associations of species such asAcacia catechu, Dalbergia paniculata, Terminalia oliveriandMillettia multiflorawith soil texture.Acacia inopinatawas associated with a high soil pH (i.e. 9–10), andTerminalia tomentosawas associated with soil hardness. Our results indicate that secondary succession of a dry forest is not initially led by pioneer species, but instead, by superior competitors capable of resprouting, and that species distributions are primarily determined by the filtering effects of edaphic conditions. We believe that the dry-forest species retain their soil–species relationships despite heavy disturbances.
Assessing the Effect of Breakout Sessions on Student Success and Satisfaction
Authors: Blackstone Bethany , Oldmixon Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductory American government is a common component of college and university core curricula and, as such, it often is taught in large sections. This makes active learning more difficult, which may contribute to student dissatisfaction and lower levels of student achievement. In turn, this can affect larger issues of university retention. This article considers whether different models of instruction in large classes affect student success and satisfaction. We compare a lecture-only class and one that combined lectures with smaller student breakout sessions. To our surprise, we found that students in the breakout—lecture class were not more satisfied and did not succeed at higher levels as compared to their peers in the lecture-only class. Above all, attendance is the key predictor of student success.
Dysfunctional information processing during an auditory event-related potential task in individuals with Internet gaming disorder
Authors: Park M , Choi J-S , Park S M , Lee J-Y , Jung H Y , Sohn B K , Kim S N , Kim D J , Kwon J S 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInternet gaming disorder (IGD) leading to serious impairments in cognitive, psychological and social functions has gradually been increasing. However, very few studies conducted to date have addressed issues related to the event-related potential (ERP) patterns in IGD. Identifying the neurobiological characteristics of IGD is important to elucidate the pathophysiology of this condition. P300 is a useful ERP component for investigating electrophysiological features of the brain. The aims of the present study were to investigate differences between patients with IGD and healthy controls (HCs), with regard to the P300 component of the ERP during an auditory oddball task, and to examine the relationship of this component to the severity of IGD symptoms in identifying the relevant neurophysiological features of IGD. Twenty-six patients diagnosed with IGD and 23 age-, sex-, education- and intelligence quotient-matched HCs participated in this study. During an auditory oddball task, participants had to respond to the rare, deviant tones presented in a sequence of frequent, standard tones. The IGD group exhibited a significant reduction in response to deviant tones compared with the HC group in the P300 amplitudes at the midline centro-parietal electrode regions. We also found a negative correlation between the severity of IGD and P300 amplitudes. The reduced amplitude of the P300 component in an auditory oddball task may reflect dysfunction in auditory information processing and cognitive capabilities in IGD. These findings suggest that reduced P300 amplitudes may be candidate neurobiological marker for IGD.
Mythmaking and Social Formation in the Study of Early Christianity
Authors: Brown Ian Phillip 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBurton Mack has made a number of important contributions to the study of early Christianity. One of, if not the most significant of these contributions is his use of the analytical categories of mythmaking and social formation in his construction of a social theory of religion. The analysis of mythmaking and social formation in early Christianity brings a critical historical and sociological focus to the study of Christian origins by focusing on the literary aspects of ancient texts, and the social aspects of ancient people and groups, and the dialectical relationship between the two categories. This article reviews the uses and criticisms of the categories of mythmaking and social formation in the study of early Christianity: beginning with Mack's work on a social theory of religion and his seminal study of the Gospel of Mark (A Myth of Innocence), and moving on to studies that have both taken up and critiqued Mack's use of the terms.
Eliciting patient preferences, priorities and trade-offs for outcomes following kidney transplantation: a pilot best–worst scaling survey
Authors: Howell Martin , Wong Germaine , Rose John , Tong Allison , Craig Jonathan C , Howard Kirsten 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesEliciting preferences and trade-offs that patients may make to achieve important outcomes, can assist in developing patient-centred research and care. The pilot study aimed to test the feasibility of a case 2 best–worst scaling survey (BWS) to elicit recipient with kidney transplantation preferences after transplantation.DesignPreferences for graft survival and dying, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, infection and side effects (gastrointestinal, weight-gain and appearance) were assessed in recipients with transplantation using a BWS (20 scenarios of nine outcomes). Participants chose ‘best’ and ‘worst’ outcomes. Responses were analysed using a multinomial logit model. Selected participants were interviewed.OutcomesAttribute coefficients and survey completion error rates.Results81 recipients with transplantation were approached, and 39 (48%), mean age 50.5 years, completed the BWS. 4 (10%) surveys were invalid with major errors and of 35 remaining, 7 of 1400 (0.5%) choices were missing. –23 (59%) took >20 min to complete the survey. 1 was unable to finish, and 1 did not understand the survey. 2 (5%) found it very hard and 14 (35%) moderately hard. Most attribute coefficients were significant (p<0.05) and showed face validity. Graft survival was most important with normalised coefficients from 1 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.11) to 0.06 (95% CI −0.03 to 0.16) for 30 and 1 year duration, respectively. Attribute level coefficients decreased with increasing risk of adverse outcomes. Error rates of 20% and 2% were estimated for dominant attributes ‘100% risk of dying’ and ‘30 years graft survival’, respectively. 7 participants were interviewed regarding counterintuitive selection of ‘100% risk of dying’ as a ‘best’ outcome. Misunderstanding, not linking dying to graft survival and aversion to dialysis were reasons given.ConclusionsRecipients with transplant recipients successfully completed a complex case 2 BWS with attribute coefficients having face validity with respect to duration of graft survival and risk of adverse outcomes. Areas for refinement to reduce complexity in design have been identified.
Germline Genetic Variants in the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway as Predictors of Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Hildebrandt Michelle A.T. , Reyes Monica E. , Lin Moubin , He Yonggang , Nguyen Son V. , Hawk Ernest T. , Wu Xifeng 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background: The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a key role in stem cell maintenance in the colorectum. Rare high-penetrance genetic mutations in components of this pathway result in familial colorectal cancer, yet the impact of common, germline variants remains unknown.
Methods: We assessed 172 variants in 26 genes from the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in 809 colorectal cancer cases and 814 healthy controls, followed by replication of the top findings in another 691 cases and 775 controls. In silico informatic tools were used to predict functional effects of variants.
Results: Eighteen SNPs in the pathway were significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk (P &lt; 0.05) in the discovery phase. We observed a significant dose-response increase in colorectal cancer risk by number of risk genotypes carried (P = 4.19 × 10−8). Gene-based analysis implicated CSNK1D (P = 0.014), FZD3 (P = 0.023), and APC (P = 0.027) as significant for colorectal cancer risk. In the replication phase, FZD3:rs11775139 remained significantly associated with reduced risk with a pooled OR of 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.76–0.94, P = 0.001]. Although borderline significant in the replication population, APC:rs2545162 was highly significant in the pooled analysis—OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.16–1.74; P = 0.00085. Functional assessment identified several potential biologic mechanisms underlying these associations.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that common germline variants in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be involved in colorectal cancer development.
Impact: These variants may be informative in colorectal cancer risk assessment to identify individuals at increased risk who would be candidates for screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(3); 540–6. ©2016 AACR.
Novel Bloodless Potassium Determination Using a Signal‐Processed Single‐Lead ECG
Authors: Attia Zachi I. , DeSimone Christopher V. , Dillon John J. , Sapir Yehu , Somers Virend K. , Dugan Jennifer L. , Bruce Charles J. , Ackerman Michael J. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Striemer Bryan L. , Bukartyk Jan , Scott Christopher G. , Bennet Kevin E. , Ladewig Dorothy J. , Gilles Emily J. , Sadot Dan , Geva Amir B. , Friedman Paul A. 
Published: January 2016

Background
Hyper‐ and hypokalemia are clinically silent, common in patients with renal or cardiac disease, and are life threatening. A noninvasive, unobtrusive, blood‐free method for tracking potassium would be an important clinical advance.

Methods and Results

Two groups of hemodialysis patients (development group, n=26; validation group, n=19) underwent high‐resolution digital
ECG
recordings and had 2 to 3 blood tests during dialysis. Using advanced signal processing, we developed a personalized regression model for each patient to noninvasively calculate potassium values during the second and third dialysis sessions using only the processed single‐channel
ECG
. In addition, by analyzing the entire development group's first‐visit data, we created a global model for all patients that was validated against subsequent sessions in the development group and in a separate validation group. This global model sought to predict potassium, based on the T wave characteristics, with no blood tests required. For the personalized model, we successfully calculated potassium values with an absolute error of 0.36±0.34 mmol/L (or 10% of the measured blood potassium). For the global model, potassium prediction was also accurate, with an absolute error of 0.44±0.47 mmol/L for the training group (or 11% of the measured blood potassium) and 0.5±0.42 for the validation set (or 12% of the measured blood potassium).

Conclusions

The signal‐processed
ECG
derived from a single lead can be used to calculate potassium values with clinically meaningful resolution using a strategy that requires no blood tests. This enables a cost‐effective, noninvasive, unobtrusive strategy for potassium assessment that can be used during remote monitoring.
The Effect of Reference Climatology on Global Flood Forecasting
Authors: Hirpa Feyera A. , Salamon Peter , Alfieri Lorenzo , Pozo Jutta Thielen-del , Zsoter Ervin , Pappenberger Florian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) is a preoperational suite performing daily streamflow simulations to detect severe floods in large river basins. GloFAS defines the severity of a flood event with respect to thresholds estimated based on model-simulated streamflow climatology. Hence, determining accurate and consistent critical thresholds is important for its skillful flood forecasting. In this work, streamflow climatologies derived from two global meteorological inputs were compared, and their impacts on global flood forecasting were assessed. The first climatology is based on precipitation-corrected reanalysis data (ERA-Interim), which is currently used in the operational GloFAS forecast, while the second is derived from reforecasts that are routinely produced using the latest weather model. The results of the comparison indicate that 1) flood thresholds derived from the two datasets have substantial dissimilarities with varying characteristics across different regions of the globe; 2) the differences in the thresholds have a spatially variable impact on the severity classification of a flood; and 3) ERA-Interim produced lower flood threshold exceedance probabilities (and flood detection rates) than the reforecast for several large rivers at short forecast lead times, where the uncertainty in the meteorological forecast is smaller. Overall, it was found that the use of reforecasts, instead of ERA-Interim, marginally improved the flood detection skill of GloFAS forecasts.
Process tomography of diffusion, using PET, to evaluate anisotropy and heterogeneity
Authors: Kulenkampff J. , Gründig M. , Zakhnini A. , Gerasch R. , Lippmann-Pipke J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAnisotropy and compositional and structural heterogeneity in clays are causes of considerable deviations from homogeneous diffusion, in particular in terms of direction-dependent transport rates and preferred transport zones. Conventional diffusion experiments, in which the sample is treated as a homogeneous black box in a concentration gradient, are interminable and insensitive to spatial effects. In contrast, tomographic imaging methods are capable of both reducing the amount of observation time required and revealing space-dependent features of the diffusion process.In the present study, positron-emission-tomography (PET) was applied as the most sensitive quantitative spatiotemporal tomographic modality for direct observation of positron-emitting radiotracers in opaque media at reasonable resolution (1 mm) on a laboratory scale (100 mm).Geoscientific applications of PET, or GeoPET, have revealed anisotropic and heterogeneous effects in diffusion experiments that have been conducted on Opalinus clay samples of different sizes, as well as on other rock types. Applying the Comsol Optimization Module to 2D-image sections of the PET tomograms, effective parameter values were derived, thereby quantifying the anisotropic diffusion.
Arabidopsis Motif Scanner
Authors: Mele Giovanni 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background
The major mechanism driving cellular differentiation and organism development is the regulation of gene expression. Cis-acting enhancers and silencers have key roles in controlling gene transcription. The genomic era allowed the transition from single gene analysis to the investigation of full transcriptomes. This transition increased the complexity of the analyses and the difficulty in the interpretation of the results. In this context, there is demand for new tools aimed at the creation of gene networks that can facilitate the interpretation of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data.

Results
Arabidopsis Motif Scanner (AMS) is a Windows application that runs on local computers. It was developed to build gene networks by identifying the positions of cis-regulatory elements in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and by providing an easy interface to assess and evaluate gene relationships. Its major innovative feature is to combine the cis-regulatory element positions, NGS and DNA Chip Arrays expression data, Arabidopsis annotations and gene interactions for the identification of gene networks regulated by transcription factors. In studies focused on transcription factors function, the software uses the expression data and binding site motifs in the regulative gene regions to predict direct target genes. Additionally, AMS utilizes DNA-protein and protein-protein interaction data to facilitate the identification of the metabolic pathways regulated by the transcription factor of interest.

Conclusions
Arabidopsis Motif Scanner is a new tool that helps researchers to unravel gene relations and functions. In fact, it facilitates studies focused on the effects and the impact that transcription factors have on the transcriptome by correlating the position of cis-acting elements, gene expression data and interactions.
Regressive-transgressive cyclothem with facies record of the re-flooding window in the Late Silurian carbonate succession (Podolia, Ukraine)
Authors: Łuczyński Piotr , Kozłowski Wojciech , Skompski Stanisław 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe term “re-flooding window” was recently proposed as a time-interval connected with the transgressive stage of present day peri-reefal development. In the analysis presented here, a fossil record of a re-flooding window has been recognized. Nine Late Silurian carbonate sections exposed on the banks of the Dnister River in Podolia (Ukraine) have been correlated base on bed-by-bed microfacies analysis and spectral gamma ray (SGR) measurements. Correlated were sections representing settings ranging from the inner part of a shallow-water carbonate platform to its slope, through an organic buildup. The reconstructed depositional scenario has been divided into six development stages, with the first three representing a regressive interval and the latter three a transgressive interval of the basin’s history. The re-flooding window has been identified at the beginning of a transgressive part of the succession. Surprisingly, it is characterized by an extremely fast growth of a shallow, tide-dominated platform and by deposition of calciturbiditic layers in a more basinal area. The interpreted succession is a small-scale model illustrating the reaction of carbonate depositional sub-environments to sea level changes and determining the facies position of the stromatoporoid buildups within the facies pattern on a Silurian shelf. The use of SGR analyses in shallow water, partly high-energy, carbonate facies, both for correlation purposes and for identifying depositional systems, is a relatively new method, and thus can serve as a reference for other studies of similar facies assortment.
Diverse Hormone Response Networks in 41 IndependentDrosophilaCell Lines
Authors: Stoiber Marcus , Celniker Susan , Cherbas Lucy , Brown Ben , Cherbas Peter 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSteroid hormones induce cascades of gene activation and repression with transformative effects on cell fate . Steroid transduction plays a major role in the development and physiology of nearly all metazoan species, and in the progression of the most common forms of cancer. Despite the paramount importance of steroids in developmental and translational biology, a complete map of transcriptional response has not been developed for any hormone . In the case of 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) in Drosophila melanogaster, these trajectories range from apoptosis to immortalization. We mapped the ecdysone transduction network in a cohort of 41 cell lines, the largest such atlas yet assembled. We found that the early transcriptional response mirrors the distinctiveness of physiological origins: genes respond in restricted patterns, conditional on the expression levels of dozens of transcription factors. Only a small cohort of genes is constitutively modulated independent of initial cell state. Ecdysone-responsive genes tend to organize into directional same-stranded units, with consecutive genes induced from the same strand. Here, we identify half of the ecdysone receptor heterodimer as the primary rate-limiting step in the response, and find that initial receptor isoform levels modulate the activated cohort of target transcription factors. This atlas of steroid response reveals organizing principles of gene regulation by a model type II nuclear receptor and lays the foundation for comprehensive and predictive understanding of the ecdysone transduction network in the fruit fly.
Contribuciones de enfermería a la anestesiología en Costa Rica
Authors: Carranza Ramírez Alba 
Published: January 2016

Introducción. En el presente artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio que cuyo objetivo fue identificar la participación de la enfermería en el desarrollo de la anestesiología en Costa Rica.Método. Se aplicó la metodología de la investigación histórica para determinar los sucesos ocurridos en el pasado relacionados con el desarrollo de la anestesia, así como las contribuciones de enfermería. Se analizó fuentes primarias y secundarias que fueron sistematizadas, valoradas, ordenadas y sintetizadas. Se aplicó la técnica de grupo focal y entrevistas en profundidad a 23 enfermeras (os) técnicos en anestesia que laboran actualmente y a las enfermeras (os) pensionados.Resultados. Durante más de 90 años la administración de anestesia a las personas fue llevada a cabo por enfermeras (os), no obstante, la formación de enfermería en anestesia fue suspendida en 1981.Conclusión. El estudio determinó que este personal tenía una preparación formal dada por el doctor Sotela que luego fue ampliada a año y medio por la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Costa Rica, institución de la que egresaban como técnicos en anestesia.