bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Intersection of Palliative Care and Interventional Radiology: Enhancing Understanding and Collaboration
Authors: Buss Mary 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the treatment of cancer patients, many interventional radiologic procedures are palliative in nature. The goal for these therapies is often something other than cure, such as prolonged survival or improved quality of life. The goals of therapy should be matched with the patient's wishes, and must include open communication between the health care provider and the patient. Hospice and palliative medicine is its own specialty, and a multidisciplinary approach to the care of cancer patients should include discussions with these health care specialists. This article will briefly define palliative care in general, describe the specialty of hospice and palliative medicine, and discuss how hospice differs from palliative care. Finally, it will highlight opportunities for interventional radiology specialists to incorporate more deliberately palliative care skills and competencies into their own practice and to collaborate with palliative care specialists.
Prenatal Brainstem Disruptions: Small Lesions–Big Problems
Authors: Bauder Florian , Giarrana Miriam , Hackenberg Anette , Lebon Sébastien , Roulet-Perez Eliane , Schmid Regula , Schmitt-Mechelke Thomas , Poretti Andrea , Boltshauser Eugen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPrenatal disruptive injuries within one or both cerebellar hemispheres, which are mostly caused by hemorrhages, are well known. Primary disruptive lesions of the brainstem, however, are exceptional. Here we report on clinical and neuroimaging findings, as well as outcome of four male infants with prenatal brainstem disruptions that have been seen between 2005 and 2015. Two infants with extensive brainstem defects (from the midbrain to the medulla) had respiratory insufficiency and died at the age of 12 weeks and 22 months, respectively. Two patients had smaller, unilateral/asymmetrical lesions in the pontomesencephalic and medullary regions, respectively, and presented with permanent multiple cranial nerve deficits and long-tract signs. Recognition of prenatal brainstem disruptions and distinction from malformations are essential for the management and the estimation of a recurrence risk.
Sex Education: A Weapon of Mass Destruction?
Authors: Asuzu M.C. 
Published: June 2017

Education has rightly been understood as fundamentally good for man. In this regard, education is taken in the correct sense both of information and of formation of man, especially of the younger generations. It helps them to achieve the utmost good, individually and societally. Therefore, education concerns the proper nature and good of man. Once these are misunderstood, education will be ill-conceived and ill-delivered. Man's sexuality as the sum total of what makes him male or female in each case is an important component of his nature – physical and metaphysical. It deserves study and education. That aspect of man's sexuality that has to do with physical genital intercourse constitutes a mere 10 to 15% of his sexuality. 1 It is, however, the most emotive, delicate, and educationally troublesome aspect of man's sexuality. There has, therefore, been continuing concern that education in this aspect of man requires the most careful and culturally correct environment, tools, and methods. Some societal value systems understanding of man is exclusively physical and organic (in other words, merely materialistic), denying the metaphysical and seeing the purpose of life as nothing more than pleasure. Secular humanism is one such. For this system to take hold of sex to “educate” on it is surely a prescription for disaster, that is, for man as a created “Homo sapient.” Overcoming the problem of the current secular humanist sex education onslaught should be facilitated by a proper understanding of the value base and value indoctrination of secular humanism. With that, there can be healthy efforts to limit secular humanism to the circles where it rightly belongs, in a free and multicultural world. But the other value systems, particularly Christianity, should make more meaningful progress by going beyond mere objection to secular humanism. Christianity should develop its own educational materials for both home and internal group education. Furthermore, it should also develop programs for an entire public education in these matters, with content that presents their own theistic ideal together with the secular humanist one in a factual and balanced manner. Since the days of Marie Stoops. Bertrand Russell, Havelock Ellis, and Margaret Sanger, the secular humanists have imposed unethically on everyone through the media (and eventually the schools). Christians should find the resources and personnel to promote their ideals, much as the secular humanists have done for nearly a century. Without them doing so, it will be nearly impossible to overcome the secular humanists, in my humble opinion. The theists’ appropriate sexuality education will surely not be a weapon of mass destruction, as the secular humanist model has been, but indeed a most needed service in the present world.
The relationship of sociodemographic and psychological variables with chronic pain variables in a low-income population
Authors: Newman Andrea K. , Van Dyke Benjamin P. , Torres Calia A. , Baxter Jacob W. , Eyer Joshua C. , Kapoor Shweta , Thorn Beverly E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Chronic pain is a pervasive condition that is complicated by economic, educational, and racial disparities. This study analyzes key factors associated with chronic pain within an understudied and underserved population. The sample is characterized by a triple disparity with respect to income, education/literacy, and racial barriers that substantially increase the vulnerability to the negative consequences of chronic pain. The study examined the pretreatment data of 290 participants enrolled in the Learning About My Pain trial, a randomized controlled comparative effectiveness trial of psychosocial interventions (B.E.T., Principal Investigator, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute Contract No. 941; clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01967342) for chronic pain. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses evaluated the relationships among sociodemographic (sex, age, race, poverty status, literacy, and education level) and psychological (depressive symptoms and pain catastrophizing) variables and pain interference, pain severity, and disability. The indirect effects of depressive symptoms and pain catastrophizing on the sociodemographic and pain variables were investigated using bootstrap resampling. Reversed mediation models were also examined. Results suggested that the experience of chronic pain within this low-income sample is better accounted for by psychological factors than sex, age, race, poverty status, literacy, and education level. Depressive symptoms and pain catastrophizing mediated the relationships between age and pain variables, whereas pain catastrophizing mediated the effects of primary literacy and poverty status. Some reversed models were equivalent to the hypothesized models, suggesting the possibility of bidirectionality. Although cross-sectional findings cannot establish causality, our results highlight the critical role psychological factors play in individuals with chronic pain and multiple health disparities.
Dietary Patterns
Authors: Boushey Carol J. , Abed Berlinda , Corpuz Gerald , Spoden Melissa D.V. 
Published: June 2017

The focus for quantifying dietary exposures has moved from single nutrients or foods to dietary patterns. These more comprehensive characterizations of the diet account for the synergistic effects of nutrients and allow for better translation to dietary recommendations for the broad public. Dietary patterns narrow down large amounts of nutrition information and usually apply a moniker, such as “Western diet” or “healthy diet.” This leads to the question, what is in those names?
Because of a missing standardized naming system for food patterns, not only individuals but also professionals have different definitions of single dietary patterns leading to confusion and ensuing erroneous assumptions. This article demonstrates the shortcomings regarding nomenclature with reference to 10 examples of the Western diet.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Associated With Disease Progression in Primary HIV Infection: PD-L1 Blockade Attenuates Inhibition
Authors: Zhang Zi-Ning , Yi Nan , Zhang Tong-Wei , Zhang Le-Le , Wu Xian , Liu Mei , Fu Ya-Jing , He Si-Jia , Jiang Yong-Jun , Ding Hai-Bo , Chu Zhen-Xing , Shang Hong 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
Events occurring during the initial phase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are intriguing because of their dramatic impact on the subsequent course of the disease. In particular, the relationship between myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and HIV pathogenesis in primary infection remains unknown and the mechanism of MDSCs in HIV infection are incompletely defined.

Methods:
The frequency of MDSC expression in patients with primary HIV infection (PHI) and chronic HIV infection was measured, and the association with disease progression was studied. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and galectin-9 (Gal-9) expression on MDSCs was measured and in vitro blocking experiments were performed to study the role of PD-L1 in MDSCs' inhibition.

Results:
We found increased levels of HLA-DR−/lowCD14−CD33+CD11b+ granulocytic(G)-MDSCs in PHI individuals compared with normal controls, which correlated with viral loads and was negatively related to CD4+ T-cell levels. When cocultured with purified G-MDSCs, both proliferation and interferon-γ secretion by T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulated CD8+ T cells from HIV-infected patients were significantly inhibited. We also demonstrated that PD-L1, but not Gal-9, expression on HLA-DR−/lowCD14−CD33+CD11b+ cells increased during HIV infection. The suppressive activity of G-MDSCs from HIV-infected patients was attenuated by PD-L1 blockade.

Conclusions:
We found a significant increase in G-MDSCs in PHI patients that was related to disease progression and PD-L1 was used by MDSCs to inhibit CD8+ T cells in HIV infection. Our data improve the understanding of HIV pathogenesis in PHI.
Current thinking on cluster theory and its translation in economic geography and strategic and operations management
Authors: Manzini Reinaldo Belickas , Di Serio Luiz Carlos 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
This paper offers an approach for outlining the main dimensions surrounding clusters in three areas of knowledge: economic geography, strategic management and operations management, the first being considered its natural field of knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach
The work was developed using the citation analysis technique as applied to a database of 627 articles and 22,980 citations, taken from 15 important journals in the areas selected.

Findings
The results proved that the theoretical and conceptual bases are unique to each of the areas studied and that they have few topics in common between them. They are complementary, however, and this facilitates their reconciliation.

Research limitations/implications
The sample base, despite considering fairly influential periodicals in the areas of knowledge selected, can be considered to be a limitation.

Originality/value
Common themes and different areas of knowledge surrounding the cluster concept were identified; despite being considered “common”, a more detailed examination of their content reveals very different, but certainly complementary emphases, which makes it possible to reconcile the areas of knowledge.
The dual effects of home country institutions on the internationalization of private firms in emerging markets
Authors: Li Fangrong , Ding Daniel 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThis study aims to examine the dual effects of home country institutional forces (i.e. institutional support and institutional constraints) on the internationalization of private firms in emerging markets. By doing so, this study aims to examine the applicability of the two seemingly paradoxical views (i.e. the governmental promotion view and the institutional escapism view) in explaining private firms’ internationalization. Further, this study investigates how the effect of the home country institutional environment on firms’ internationalization is contingent upon firm characteristics.Design/methodology/approachA sample of Chinese private firms is used to examine the effect of home country institutions on internationalization.FindingsEmpirical findings suggest that both institutional support and institutional constraints promote the internationalization of private firms in emerging markets. Moreover, it is found that firm resources strengthen the effect of government support on internationalization. It is also found that firms’ business ties strengthen the effect of institutional constraint on internationalization, whereas firms’ political ties weaken the effect of institutional constraints on internationalization.Originality/valueBy adopting an integrated and comprehensive investigation of the dual effects of home country institutional environment in emerging markets on internationalization, this study provides evidence to the applicability of the two competing views (i.e. the governmental promotion view and the institutional escapism view) in relation to home country institutional effects on internationalization. In addition, this study examines how institutional effects vary across firms with different resources and social ties, thus extends understandings of the boundary conditions of the two institutional effects.
To sell or not to sell: Exploring sellers' trust and risk of chargeback fraud in cross‐border electronic commerce
Authors: Guo Yue , Bao Yongchuan , Stuart Barnes J. , Le‐Nguyen Khuong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOver the past few decades, chargeback fraud from buyers has been identified as a major risk faced by online sellers, particularly small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises, in cross‐border electronic commerce. However, most previous studies have focused on trust and perceived risk from the buyers' perspective and in domestic online marketplaces, while neglecting the importance of sellers' trust and perceived risk in the success of online transactions and the significance of cross‐border transactions. To fill this gap in the literature, this study examines both the antecedents and the impacts of sellers' trust in buyers and their perceived risk of chargeback fraud on sellers' intention to trade with buyers in the context of cross‐border e‐commerce. To this end, we develop a conceptual model that identifies a set of institutional mechanisms to enhance sellers' trust and reduce their perceived risk. Hypotheses are tested via a survey of 443 sellers on DHgate.com, one of the major cross‐border e‐commerce websites connecting the small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises of mainland China with overseas buyers. Our research makes concrete contributions to e‐commerce research and generates useful insights for third‐party online transaction platforms and online trade policy makers.
Species‐specific environmental preferences associated with a hump‐shaped diversity/temperature relationship across tropical marine fish assemblages
Authors: Clauson‐Kaas Sofie , Richardson Katherine , Rahbek Carsten , Holt Ben G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTo identify key environmental factors associated with local fish species richness across a large tropical marine region.LocationWider Caribbean region.MethodsSpecies richness estimates were based on a sightings database covering the wider Caribbean region. Environmental variables considered were distance to key habitats, habitat area, temperature, depth, salinity, nutrient concentration, as well as natural and anthropogenic disturbance. We test the significance of associations between these factors and species richness, establish the shape of these relationships and use spatial cross‐validation to test the generality of these results. Species‐specific environmental associations within these relationships were then tested.ResultsFive environmental variables showed significant associations with species richness, but only two, temperature and depth, proved robust to spatial cross‐validation. Temperature was the best performing environmental predictor, showing a unimodal relationship with species richness and optimum temperatures consistent across analytical choices and data sets. Relationships between species richness and other environmental factors were also typically unimodal. Variation in species‐specific temperature associations was significant within species richness gradients; with a higher number of species associated with optimal temperatures.Main conclusionsTemperature represents the dominant environmental predictor of fish species richness identified by our study, showing a hump‐shaped curve, peaking at around 27.4°C. This meant that the warmest sites within our study were not necessarily the most species rich. Variation in species thermal niches may play a key role in driving species richness gradients, with significant general positive trend for fish species to occur in locations exhibiting optimum sea surface temperatures.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis of the white gene in the tephritid pest Bactrocera tryoni
Authors: Choo A. , Crisp P. , Saint R. , O'Keefe L. V. , Baxter S. W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), is a polyphagous horticultural pest in Australia that is capable of causing significant damage to more than 100 different host fruits and vegetables. Chemical applications and ecological control strategies, such as the sterile insect technique (SIT), are commonly used to suppress established populations and eradicate invasive outbreaks following migration. The recently published B. tryoni draft genome provides new opportunities to identify candidate genes for targeted genome modification in order to generate advanced genetic strains for management using sterile insect strategies. Here, we demonstrate CRISPR/Cas‐mediated mutagenesis in B. tryoni through generating a series of frame‐shift mutations in the ATP‐dependent binding cassette transporter, white, causing a classic white‐eye phenotype. This work establishes methods for CRISPR/Cas genome editing in tephritids and demonstrates its potential for developing genetic sexing strains which could be used for SIT‐based pest control.
Benchmarks in Search Markets
Authors: DUFFIE DARRELL , DWORCZAK PIOTR , ZHU HAOXIANG 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTWe characterize the role of benchmarks in price transparency of over‐the‐counter markets. A benchmark can raise social surplus by increasing the volume of beneficial trade, facilitating more efficient matching between dealers and customers, and reducing search costs. Although the market transparency promoted by benchmarks reduces dealers' profit margins, dealers may nonetheless introduce a benchmark to encourage greater market participation by investors. Low‐cost dealers may also introduce a benchmark to increase their market share relative to high‐cost dealers. We construct a revelation mechanism that maximizes welfare subject to search frictions, and show conditions under which it coincides with announcing the benchmark.
Firm Investment and Stakeholder Choices: A Top‐Down Theory of Capital Budgeting
Authors: ALMAZAN ANDRES , CHEN ZHAOHUI , TITMAN SHERIDAN 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper develops a top‐down model of capital budgeting in which privately informed executives make investment choices that convey information to the firm's stakeholders (e.g., employees). Favorable information in this setting encourages stakeholders to take actions that positively contribute to the firm's success (e.g., employees work harder). Within this framework we examine how firms may distort their investment choices to influence the information conveyed to stakeholders and show that investment rigidities and overinvestment can arise as optimal investment distortions. We also examine investment distortions in multi‐divisional firms and compare such distortions to those in single‐division firms.
Greater circadian disadvantage during evening games for the National Basketball Association (NBA), National Hockey League (NHL) and National Football League (NFL) teams travelling westward
Authors: Roy Jonathan , Forest Geneviève 
Published: June 2017

SummaryWe investigated the effects of a circadian disadvantage (i.e. playing in a different time zone) on the winning percentages in three major sport leagues in North America: the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League and the National Football League. We reviewed 5 years of regular season games in the National Basketball Association, National Hockey League and National Football League, and noted the winning percentage of the visiting team depending on the direction of travel (west, east, and same time zone) and game time (day and evening games). T‐tests and analysis of variance were performed to evaluate the effects of the circadian disadvantage, its direction, the number of time zones travelled, and the game time on winning percentages in each major league. The results showed an association between the winning percentages and the number of time zones traveled for the away evening games, with a clear disadvantage for the teams travelling westward. There was a significant difference in the teams' winning percentages depending on the travelling direction in the National Basketball Association (F2,5908 = 16.12, P < 0.0001) and the National Hockey League (F2,5639 = 4.48, P = 0.011), and a trend was found in the National Football League (F2,1279 = 2.86, P = 0.058). The effect of the circadian disadvantage transcends the type of sport and needs to be addressed for greater equity among the western and eastern teams in professional sports. These results also highlight the importance of circadian rhythms in sport performance and athletic competitions.
Plasticity contributes to a fine‐scale depth gradient in sticklebacks’ visual system
Authors: Veen Thor , Brock Chad , Rennison Diana , Bolnick Daniel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe light environment influences an animal's ability to forage, evade predators, and find mates, and consequently is known to drive local adaptation of visual systems. However, the light environment may also vary over fine spatial scales at which genetic adaptation is difficult. For instance, in aquatic systems, the available wavelengths of light change over a few metres depth. Do animals plastically adjust their visual system to such small‐scale environmental light variation? Here, we show that in three‐spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), opsin gene expression (an important determinant of colour vision) changes over a 2‐m vertical gradient in nest depth. By experimentally altering the light environment using light filters to cover enclosures in a lake, we found that opsin expression can be adjusted on a short time frame (weeks) in response to the local light environment. This is to our knowledge the smallest spatial scale on which visual adjustments through opsin expression have been recorded in a natural setting along a continuously changing light environment.