bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient‐centred physical therapy is (cost‐) effective in increasing physical activity and reducing frailty in older adults with mobility problems: a randomized controlled trial with 6 months follow‐up
Authors: de Vries Nienke M. , Staal J Bart , van der Wees Philip J. , Adang Eddy M. M. , Akkermans Reinier , Olde Rikkert Marcel G. M. , Nijhuis‐van der Sanden Maria W. G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundDespite the well‐known health benefits of physical activity, it is a great challenge to stay physically active for frail–older adults with mobility limitations. The aim of this study was to test the (cost‐) effectiveness of a patient‐centred physical therapy strategy (Coach2Move) in which individualized treatment (motivational interviewing, physical examination, individualized goal setting, coaching and advice on self management, and physical training) is combined to increase physical activity level and physical fitness and, thereby, to decrease the level of frailty.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was performed in 13 physical therapy practices with measurements at 3 and 6 months. Eligible patients were aged 70 years or over and had mobility problems (i.e. difficulties with walking, moving, getting up and changing position from bed or chair to standing, or stair climbing). The primary outcome was physical activity (total and moderate intensity) in minutes per day. Secondary outcomes were as follows: frailty, walking speed and distance, mobility, and quality of life. Data were analysed using linear mixed models for repeated measurements. Healthcare costs and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were computed and combined using net monetary benefit (NMB) for different willingness to pay thresholds. Data on costs, QALYs, and NMBs were analysed using linear mixed models.ResultsOne hundred and thirty patients participated in this study. At 6 months, the between‐group difference was significant for moderate‐intensity physical activity in favour of the Coach2Move group [mean difference: 17.9 min per day; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.0 to 34.9; P = 0.012]. The between‐group difference for total physical activity was 14.1 min per day (95% CI −6.6 to 34.9; P = 0.182). Frailty decreased more in the Coach2Move group compared with usual care [mean difference: −0.03 (95% CI: −0.06 to −0.00; P = 0.027)]. Compared with usual treatment, the Coach2Move strategy resulted in cost savings (€849.8; 95% CI: 1607 to 90; P = 0.028), an improvement in QALYs, (0.02; 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.03; P = 0.03), and a higher NMB at every willingness to pay threshold.ConclusionsOlder adults with mobility problems are able to safely increase physical activity in their own environment and reduce frailty. This study emphasizes both the potential cost‐effectiveness of a patient‐centred approach in the frail elderly and the importance of physical activity promotion in older adults with mobility limitations.
Telechelic Poly(methyl acrylate)s as Constituents for Multiblock Poly(urethane urea)s
Authors: Couthouis Justine , Keul Helmut , Möller Martin 
Published: December 2015

New poly(urethane urea)s based on telechelic poly(methyl acrylate)s (PMAs) and different diisocyanates and diamines are prepared by a two‐step polyaddition process—formation of an isocyanate telechelic prepolymer followed by chain extension with a diamine to form the final poly(urethane urea)s. Hydroxyl‐telechelic or mixed amino‐hydroxyl‐telechelic PMAs are obtained by two different concepts: (i) according to the first concept methyl acrylate (MA) was polymerized by single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) using 2‐hydroxyethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate as initiator followed by nucleophilic substitution of the halogen end group with n‐butylamine, 2‐methylamino ethanol, or 3‐amino‐1‐propanol and (ii) according to the second concept after SET‐LRP under the same conditions the halogen end group is converted to an azide followed by a click reaction using sodium azide and propargyl alcohol in a one‐pot reaction. Applying the second concept, a hydroxyl‐functional PMA with a share of 83 mol% bifunctionality is obtained. This PMA‐diol is used in polyaddition reaction with different diisocyanates (isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 4,4′‐methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), and 4,4′‐methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)) resulting in an isocyanate‐telechelic prepolymer followed by chain extension with the corresponding diamines (isophorone diamine (IPDA), 4,4′‐methylenebis(cyclohexyl amine) (HMDA), and 4,4′‐methylenediphenyl diamine (MDA)). The polyurethane based on hydroxyl‐telechelic PMAs and IPDI/IPDA has a molecular weight of Mn = 44 500 g mol−1 and a dispersity Đ = 3.5, respectively; those based on HMDI/HMDA and MDI/MDA have Mn = 24 600 g mol−1 and Đ = 2.2 and Mn = 16 100 g mol−1 and Đ = 2.0, respectively.
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End Group Functionalization of PFpP Macromolecules Via Fp Migration Insertion Reactions
Authors: Cao Kai , Wang Xiaosong 
Published: December 2015

PFpP macromolecules, synthesized via migration insertion polymerization of CpFe(CO)2(CH2)3PPh2 (FpP), exhibit reactive Fp end groups for further migration insertion reactions in the presence of phosphines. A number of alkyl diphenylphosphines with varied alkyl length, Ph2PCn (n = 6, 10, 18), have been prepared for the reaction, resulting in PFpP‐PPh2Cn (n = 6, 10, 18) amphiphiles. The phosphines with longer alkyl chains impose steric hindrance for the reaction and therefore require longer reaction times and excess phosphines relative to PFpP.
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Neuroimaging correlates of blinking abnormalities in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Bologna Matteo , Piattella Maria Cristina , Upadhyay Neeraj , Formica Alessandra , Conte Antonella , Colosimo Carlo , Pantano Patrizia , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to identify the possible relationship between blinking abnormalities and neuroimaging changes in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy.MethodsWe studied 18 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy and 13 healthy subjects. Voluntary and spontaneous blinking were recorded using kinematic techniques. Changes in brain structures were detected by T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging and voxel‐based morphometry. We then sought possible correlations between blinking and neuroimaging abnormalities in patients.ResultsKinematic analysis indicated several abnormalities during voluntary blinking and a markedly reduced spontaneous blink rate in patients compared with healthy subjects. Neuroimaging showed gray matter loss in cortical and subcortical structures and lower white matter volume in the brainstem. Gray matter loss in subcortical structures correlated with the prolonged pause duration between the closing and opening phases, during voluntary blinking.ConclusionsThis study provides a more specific insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying blinking abnormalities in progressive supranuclear palsy. © 2015 Movement Disorder Society
A monotone nonlinear finite volume method for approximating diffusion operators on general meshes
Authors: Camier Jean‐Sylvain , Hermeline Francois 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe basic principles of the discrete duality and nonlinear monotone finite volume methods are combined in order to obtain a new monotone nonlinear finite volume method for the approximation of diffusion operators on general meshes. Numerical results highlight both the second‐order accuracy of this method on general meshes and its capability to deal with challenging anisotropic diffusion problems on various computational domains. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defect reduced selectively grown GaN pyramids as template for green InGaN quantum wells
Authors: Wagner J. , Wächter C. , Wild J. , Müller M. , Metzner S. , Veit P. , Schmidt G. , Jetter M. , Bertram F. , Zweck J. , Christen J. , Michler P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAbstractauthoren We report the growth of green emitting InGaN quantum wells (QWs) by metal‐organic vapor‐phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on three‐dimensional GaN templates. The facets of GaN pyramids, fabricated by selective‐area growth (SAG), reduce the influence of the quantum‐confined Stark effect (QCSE) on the emission properties of the QW. The luminescence properties of a QW are a good indicator for the crystalline quality of the GaN layer beneath. Especially the presence of voids inside the pyramids, as well as stacking faults (SFs) and threading dislocations (TDs) in the wing region strongly influence the strain situation and the incorporation of In into the overlying InGaN layer. Thus, the crystal quality of the GaN pyramid has a strong influence on the efficiency and the emission properties of the active region. Therefore, a low‐temperature nucleation on the GaN buffer in conjunction with a decreasing Ga‐flux taking the decreasing c‐plane growth surface of the pyramid into account was introduced. The low‐temperature photoluminescence (PL) properties of the InGaN QW reveal the differences between the standard formation of the pyramid and this modified growth. Cathodoluminescence (CL) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements confirm the differences between the two growth modes in the crystal quality of the inner part of the pyramid.
A game theory‐inspired channel allocation policy for multi‐radio pervasive ad hoc communications
Authors: Chiti Francesco , Fantacci Romano , Düzgün Fatma Gamze , Vespri Vincenzo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe impressive increase of innovative wireless communication technologies and applications represents nowadays a key approach to enable pervasive communications environments. In particular, the emerging paradigms of the Internet of Things and capillary networks offer effective ways to make devices connected. This has triggered the development of effective methodologies and procedures to allow an unlimited number of devices to exchange information mainly in an autonomous mode. However, it is a well‐known concept that wireless networks capacity usually decreases with the number of nodes. In particular, in order to improve the throughput scalability, a promising approach is that of resorting to the use of multiple radio interfaces at each node, in order to exploit spatial reuse of frequencies. Towards this end, game theory methodologies offer efficient approaches to solve the complex radio interfaces selection and allocation problems. This paper proposes a game theory‐inspired approach to efficiently select the number of radio interfaces to be used at each node site in order to lower the energy consumption and maximise the end‐to‐end throughput of any communication on which the node is involved in. The good behaviour of the proposed approach is validated by provided theoretical framework and numerical results derived by considering different data packets wireless forwarding schemes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the Catalytic Activity of a 2‐Phenylidenepyridine Palladium(II) Complex Bearing 4,5‐Dicyano‐1,3‐bis(mesityl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene in the Mizoroki‐Heck Reaction
Authors: Baier Heiko , Kelling Alexandra , Schilde Uwe , Holdt Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe phenylidenepyridine (ppy) palladacycles [PdCl(ppy)(IMes)] (4) [IMes = 1,3‐bis(mesityl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene] and [PdCl(ppy){(CN)2IMes}] (6) [(CN)2IMes = 4,5‐dicyano‐1,3‐bis(mesityl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene] were prepared by facile two step syntheses, starting with the reaction of palladium(II) chloride with 2‐phenylpyridine followed by subsequent addition of the NHC ligand to the precatalyst precursor [PdCl(ppy)]2. Suitable crystals for the X‐ray analysis of the complexes 4 and 6 were obtained. It was shown that 6 has a shorter NHC‐palladium bond than the IMes complex 4. The difference of the palladium carbene bond lengths based on the higher π‐acceptor strength of (CN)2IMes in comparison to IMes. Thus, (CN)2IMes should stabilize the catalytically active central palladium atom better than IMes. As a measure for the π‐acceptor strength of (CN)2IMes compared to IMes, the selone (CN)2IMes·Se (7) was prepared and characterized by 77Se‐NMR spectroscopy. The π‐acceptor strength of 7 was illuminated by the shift of its 77Se‐NMR signal. The 77Se‐NMR signal of 7 was shifted to much higher frequencies than the 77Se‐NMR signal of IMes·Se. Catalytic experiments using the Mizoroki‐Heck reaction of aryl chlorides with n‐butyl acrylate showed that 6 is the superior performer in comparison to 4. Using complex 6, an extensive substrate screening of 26 different aryl bromides with n‐butyl acrylate was performed. Complex 6 is a suitable precatalyst for para‐substituted aryl bromides. The catalytically active species was identified by mercury poisoning experiments to be palladium nanoparticles.
Elevated C-reactive protein levels in schizophrenia inpatients is associated with aggressive behavior
Authors: Barzilay R. , Lobel T. , Krivoy A. , Shlosberg D. , Weizman A. , Katz N. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundAn association between inflammation and behavioral domains of mental disorders is of growing interest. Recent studies reported an association between aggression and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the association between aggressive behavior and inflammatory markers in schizophrenia inpatients.MethodsAdult schizophrenia inpatients without affective symptoms (n = 213) were retrospectively identified and categorized according to their C-reactive protein measurement at admission as either elevated (CRP > 1 mg/dL; n = 57) or normal (CRP < 1 mg/dL; n = 156). The following indicators of aggression were compared: PANSS excitement component (PANSS-EC), restraints and suicidal behavior during hospitalization. Univariate comparisons between elevated and normal CRP levels were performed and multivariate analysis was conducted to control for relevant covariates.ResultsCRP levels significantly correlated with other laboratory markers indicating increased inflammation including leukocyte count and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (r = 0.387, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.356, P < 0.0001) respectively. Inpatients with elevated C-reactive protein displayed increased aggressive behavior compared to patients with normal CRP levels (<1 mg/dL). This was manifested by higher rates of restraint during hospitalization (χ2 = 5.22, P = 0.031) and increased PANSS-EC score (U = 5410.5, P = 0.012). Elevated CRP levels were not associated with suicidal behavior. Multivariate analysis revealed that higher PANSS-EC score was associated with elevated CRP after controlling for the covariates age, sex, BMI and smoking.ConclusionThis study identified a potential biological correlate (inflammation) of a specific behavioral endophenotype (aggression) in schizophrenia inpatients.
Keep at bay! – Abnormal personal space regulation as marker of paranoia in schizophrenia
Authors: Schoretsanitis G. , Kutynia A. , Stegmayer K. , Strik W. , Walther S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundDuring threat, interpersonal distance is deliberately increased. Personal space regulation is related to amygdala function and altered in schizophrenia, but it remains unknown whether it is particularly associated with paranoid threat.MethodsWe compared performance in two tests on personal space between 64 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 24 matched controls. Patients were stratified in those with paranoid threat, neutral affect or paranoid experience of power. In the stop-distance paradigm, participants indicated the minimum tolerable interpersonal distance. In the fixed-distance paradigm, they indicated the level of comfort at fixed interpersonal distances.ResultsParanoid threat increased interpersonal distance two-fold in the stop-distance paradigm, and reduced comfort ratings in the fixed-distance paradigm. In contrast, patients experiencing paranoid power had high comfort ratings at any distance. Patients with neutral affect did not differ from controls in the stop-distance paradigm. Differences between groups remained when controlling for gender and positive symptom severity. Among schizophrenia patients, the stop-distance paradigm detected paranoid threat with 93% sensitivity and 83% specificity.ConclusionsPersonal space regulation is not generally altered in schizophrenia. However, state paranoid experience has distinct contributions to personal space regulation. Subjects experiencing current paranoid threat share increased safety-seeking behavior.
Hostility in schizophrenia: An integrated analysis of the combined Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) and the European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial (EUFEST) studies
Authors: Volavka J. , Van Dorn R.A. , Citrome L , Kahn R.S. , Fleischhacker W.W. , Czobor P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPhase 1 of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study enrolled a sample of 1493 chronic schizophrenia patients. The European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial (EUFEST) enrolled 498 patients. We have combined these two samples to study the effects of hostility on study discontinuation as well as to examine correlates and predictors of hostility. Individual data from 1154 patients with complete data were used for analyses. Survival analysis demonstrated that higher hostility was associated with earlier all-cause treatment discontinuation. Furthermore, regression analysis indicated that increased hostility was associated with more severe positive symptoms, lower adherence to pharmacological treatment, younger age, impaired insight, and more drug or alcohol consumption. The clinical implications of the results point to the importance of establishing therapeutic alliance while managing patient's symptoms of hostility with antipsychotics such as olanzapine combined with psychosocial interventions to improve insight and reduce substance use.
An effective suicide prevention program in the Israeli Defense Forces: A cohort study
Authors: Shelef L. , Tatsa-Laur L. , Derazne E. , Mann J.J. , Fruchter E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of the IDF Suicide Prevention Program, implemented since 2006.DesignQuasi-experimental (before and after) cohort study.ParticipantsTwo cohorts of IDF mandatory service soldiers: the first inducted prior to (1992–2005,n= 766,107) and the second subsequent to (2006–2012,n= 405,252) the launching of the intervention program.ExposureThe IDF Suicide Prevention Program is a population-based program, incorporating: reducing weapon availability, de-stigmatizing help-seeking behavior, integrating mental health officers into service units, and training commanders and soldiers to recognize suicide risk factors and warning signs.Main outcome measureSuicide rate and time to suicide in cohorts before and after exposure to the Suicide Prevention Program.ResultsTrend analysis showed lower suicide rates in the cohort after intervention. The hazard ratio for the intervention effect on time to suicide was 0.44 (95% CI = 0.34–0.56,P< .001) among males. Lower risk was associated with: male gender; born in Israel; higher socio-economic status; higher intelligence score; and serving in a combat unit (HR = 0.43: 95% CI = 0.33–0.55).ConclusionsThere was a 57% decrease in the suicide rate following the administration of the IDF Suicide Prevention Program. The effect of the intervention appears to be related to use of a weapon, and being able to benefit from improved help-seeking and de-stigmatization. Future efforts should seek to extend the program's prevention reach to other demographic groups of soldiers. The success of the IDF program may inform suicide prevention in other military organizations and in the civilian sector.
Preparation of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Microspheres and Their Application in Hemostasis
Authors: Liu Lu , Lv Qi , Zhang Qingyun , Zhu Hui , Liu Wei , Deng Guiru , Wu Yuqiang , Shi Chaofeng , Li Hui , Li Lingzhi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveChitosan (CS) is currently used as a hemostatic agent in emergencies and in military settings. However, its application is limited owing to its poor hydrophilia at neutral pH. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) is an important, water-soluble derivative of CS. In this study, we prepared CS and CMCS microspheres (CSMs and CMCSMs, respectively) and evaluated their hemostatic effect.MethodsTo prepare the microspheres of various sizes, we used the emulsion cross-linking technique. CMCSMs were also loaded with etamsylate (DIC). Clotting time in vitro and in a hepatic injury model was examined to evaluate the hemostatic effect.ResultsCMCSMs swelled more and clotted faster than did CSMs. CMCSMs loaded with DIC had no effect on hemostasis.ConclusionsBoth increasing material hydrophilicity and expanding the contact area promoted clotting, whereas chemical cross-linking hampered it because of decreased swelling. CMCSMs are promising candidates for the production of effective hemostatic agents. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:660–667)
Compulsive Buying Disorder: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Black Donald W. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTCompulsive buying disorder is characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, urges, or behaviors regarding shopping and spending that lead to subjective distress or impaired functioning. Compulsive buying disorder is estimated to have a lifetime prevalence of 5.8% in the United States general adult population. In clinical settings, most individuals with compulsive buying disorder are women (∼80%).This gender difference may be artifactual. Compulsive buying disorder is typically chronic or intermittent, with an age of onset in the late teens or early 20s. Comorbid mood and anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders, and other disorders of impulse control are common, as are Axis II disorders. The disorder occurs worldwide, mainly in developed countries with market-based economies, and it tends to run in families with mood disorders and substance abuse. There is no standard treatment for compulsive buying disorder, but group cognitive-behavioral models seem promising, and psychopharmacologic treatments are being actively studied. Other treatment options include simplicity circles, 12-step programs, financial counseling, bibliotherapy, marital therapy, and financial counseling. Directions for future research are discussed.