bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of epoxy resin‐polydicyclopentadiene interpenetrating polymer networks by UV‐initiated simultaneously frontal polymerization
Authors: Yuan Zhenjie , Huang Siqi , Chen Wenduo , Jiang Dazhi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBy combination of UV curing and frontal polymerization, interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) epoxy resin and polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) were prepared by UV‐induced simultaneously frontal polymerization in this paper. Compared with the net DGEBA cured polymer, the tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength of the IPNs were simultaneously improved. The maximum tensile strength and elongation at break of the IPNs reached 100 MPa and 4.64%, respectively, and the maximum impact strength reached 7.34KJ/m2 with an improvement of 115.2% over that of the net DGEBA cured polymer. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results revealed that the IPNs could enhance the thermal stability. Data of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA testing shows that the IPN shows a single glass transition temperature (Tg) which is between the Tg of DGEBA and DCPD, indicating homogeneous phase and highly cross‐linked IPN formed. Morphologies and molecular structure of the IPNs polymer were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively, whose results also proved the formation of ideal IPNs structures.
Increasing the Magnetic Transition Dipole Moment of Chiral Perovskite Through Eu3+ Doping
Authors: Zeng Zhichao , Lu Haolin , Yang Zhengwei , Wu Haolin , Zhang Chuang , Long Guankui , Du Yaping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChiral hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are widely investigated due to their superior chiroptical and chiral spintronic properties. Research on the enhancement of chiroptical performance is highly important for the real application of chiral HOIPs. This work employed a rare earth doping strategy to increase the magnetic transition dipole moment of chiral 2D HOIPs R‐/S‐NPB (NPB = 1‐(1‐naphthyl) ethylammonium lead bromide). Doping with Eu3+ does not change the original layered NPB microstructure, and R‐/S‐NPB‐Eu exhibited the magnetic dipole‐allowed transition luminescence of Eu3+ at 594 nm (5D0→7F1). Circular polarized luminescence (CPL) spectra combined with theoretical calculations and transient photoluminescence measurements indicated that the introduction of Eu3+ can enhance the magnetic transition dipole moment of R‐/S‐NPB, thus resulting in an unprecedented glum of 0.05. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest value for chiral perovskite films. This work combines the unique and superior optoelectronic properties of rare‐earth ions with chiral perovskite and develops an efficient strategy to increase its anisotropy factor, which can accelerate the development of chiral optoelectronics and spintronics towards real application.
Exploring Aquaporin Diversity in Elateroidea: Insights From RNA‐Seq Data Sets
Authors: Amaral Danilo Trabuco 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTOsmoregulation, the physiological regulation of water and ion balance, is vital for the survival of both aquatic and terrestrial insects. In freshwater aquatic insects, such as those within the Lampyridae family, this function is important due to the natural variation of aquatic habitats. Aquaporins play a key role in this process by facilitating the rapid transport of water molecules across cell membranes, maintaining cellular water balance, and adapting to changes in external salinity. In this study, I investigate the genetic diversity and expression levels of aquaporins in Elateroidea, particularly focusing on the Lampyridae family, using transcriptomic data and in silico analyses. The results reveal the diversity of aquaporins and compare gene expression patterns between freshwater aquatic Lampyridae and terrestrial Elateroidea species, such as Lycidae, Phengodidae, and Elateridae. Phylogenetic analyses identify seven distinct clades of aquaporins and uncovered gene duplication events related to the diversification of Elateridae and Lampyridae. A comparative abundance analysis indicated higher aquaporin expression in aquatic fireflies, aligning with the need for efficient osmoregulation in aquatic environments. Additionally, stage‐specific expression patterns in Aspisoma lineatum (Neotropical firefly) and Aquatica lateralis (Paleartic firefly) suggest species‐specific strategies for coping with osmotic challenges during development. This study provides insights into the evolutionary adaptations of aquaporins in Elateroidea, highlighting their importance in both aquatic and terrestrial insect physiology.
High‐efficiency bioconversion of phytosterol to bisnoralcohol by metabolically engineered Mycobacterium neoaurum in a micro‐emulsion system
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Ke Xia , Dong Hongduo , Liu Zhiqiang , Zheng Yuguo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract21‐Hydroxy‐20‐methylpregn‐4‐en‐3‐one (4‐HBC, bisnoralcohol) is a crucial intermediate for the synthesis of steroidal drugs. Significant challenges including by‐products formation and poor substrate solubility were still confronted in its main synthetic route by microbial conversion from phytosterol. Construction of a direct bioconversion pathway to 4‐HBC and an efficient substrate emulsion system is therefore urgently required. In this study, three novel isoenzymes of 3‐ketosteroid‐Δ1‐dehydrogenase (KstD) and 3‐ketosteroid 9α‐hydroxylase (KsH) in Mycobacterium neoaurum were excavated and identified as KstD4, KstD5, and KsHA3. A strain capable of fully directing the synthesis of 4‐HBC was metabolically engineered via serial genetic deletion combined with enhanced expression of cholesterol oxidase (ChOx2) and enoyl‐CoA hydratase (EchA19). Moreover, a micro‐emulsion system combined with soybean oil and hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin improved substrate solubility and bioavailability. In batch fermentation, molar yield of 96.7% with 39.5 g L−1 4‐HBC was obtained from 50 g L−1 phytosterol. Our findings demonstrate the potential for industrial‐scale biosynthesis of 4‐HBC.
Infectious meningitis. Why are the leptomeninges preferentially involved? Electron microscopic insights
Authors: Boezaart André P. , Server Anna , Tubbs Richard Shane , Carrera Ana , Reina Francisco , Reina Miguel A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn infectious meningitis, pathogens preferentially attack the leptomeninges (pia mater and arachnoid) rather than the pachymeninges (dura mater). This study aims to provide ultra‐anatomical insights from our extensive collection of electron microscopy images and propose mechanisms, highlighting structures that favor the introduction, adherence, colonization, and proliferation of microorganisms leading to spinal meningitis. Over several years, we analyzed an extensive collection of transmission and scanning electron microscopy images of human spinal meninges captured in our laboratories. Upon examining 378 of those images, we identified potential sites for the iatrogenic or hematogenic introduction and adherence of microorganisms, as well as sites for their colonization and proliferation. These included the outer surface of the spinal dural sac, structures within the epidural space, and the spinal dural sac itself, which comprises compact dura mater with interwoven collagen fibers and tightly bound arachnoid cells. Also, the subdural (extra‐arachnoid) compartment, consisting of fragile neurothelial cells prone to rupture under force, formed an acquired spinal subdural space, a new subarachnoid compartment, limited by arachnoid trabeculae, that surrounded the nerve roots and spinal cord and the pia mater. Macrophages, fibroblasts, mast cells, and plasma cells were also observed within the dura mater, arachnoid layer, arachnoid trabeculae, and pia mater. These images illustrate how the characteristics of the meningeal layers could contribute to bacterial adhesion and proliferation at various locations, inducing selective inflammation during (iatrogenic) spinal meningitis. In addition, the images help to explain why magnetic resonance imaging enhancement appears preferentially at specific sites.
Impact of systolic dominant pulmonary venous flow morphology on outcomes after mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair
Authors: Samimi Sahar , Hatab Taha , Bou Chaaya Rody , Kharsa Chloe , Qamar Fatima , Faza Nadeen , Little Stephen H. , Atkins Marvin D. , Reardon Michael J. , Kleiman Neal S. , Nagueh Sherif F. , Zoghbi William A. , Zaid Syed , Goel Sachin S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic significance of intraprocedural pulsed‐wave Doppler analysis of pulmonary venous flow (PVF) during mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) remains understudied. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of systolic dominant‐PVF (SD‐PVF) morphology post‐TEER.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis from December 2019 to December 2022, patients undergoing mitral TEER were categorized into SD‐PVF and systolic blunting (SB)‐PVF groups based on post‐TEER morphology. The primary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause mortality or heart failure hospitalization at 1 year. We investigated the association of PVF morphology post‐TEER with the primary endpoint at 1 year using Cox regression and compared the prognostic accuracy of PVF variables through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsAmong 187 patients (mean age 76.4 ± 10.5 years, 51.3% primary etiology), residual mitral regurgitation (MR) ≤mild was observed in 147 (82.4%) patients and 105 (56.2%) had SD‐PVF post‐TEER. Patients with SD‐PVF had a lower incidence of >2+ residual MR after clip deployment, at 30 days (2.1% vs. 13.1%; p = 0.005) and at 1 year (1.4% vs. 9%; p = 0.08). SD‐PVF post‐TEER was independently associated with the primary endpoint (HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.39–0.87; p = 0.009). ROC curve analysis of the prognostic accuracy of SD‐PVF demonstrated an AUC of 0.64 (95% CI = 0.54–0.73), comparable to other quantitative measures of PVF.ConclusionAssessing PVF morphology after clip deployment offers a simple prognostic tool for patients undergoing mitral TEER. Multicenter cohorts will be necessary to further investigate its prognostic value.
IPr*F – Highly Hindered, Fluorinated N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Utecht‐Jarzyńska Greta , Shi Shicheng , Gao Pengcheng , Jarzyński Szymon , Mahbubur Rahman Md. , Lalancette Roger , Szostak Roman , Szostak Michal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe introduction of fluorine atom has attracted considerable interest in molecular design owing to the high electronegativity and the resulting polarization of carbon–fluorine bonds. Simultaneously, sterically‐hindered N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have received major interest due to high stabilization of the reactive metal centers, which has paved the way for the synthesis of stable and reactive organometallic compounds with broad applications in main group chemistry, inorganic synthesis and transition‐metal‐catalysis. Herein, we report the first class of sterically‐hindered, fluorinated N‐heterocyclic carbenes. These ligands feature variable fluorine substitution at the N‐aromatic wingtip, permitting to rationally vary steric and electronic characteristics of the carbene center imparted by the fluorine atom. An efficient, one‐pot synthesis of fluorinated IPr*F ligands is presented, enabling broad access of academic and industrial researchers to the fluorinated ligands. The evaluation of steric, electron‐donating and π‐accepting properties as well as coordination chemistry to Au(I), Rh(I) and Se is presented. Considering the unique properties of carbon–fluorine bonds, we anticipate that this novel class of fluorinated carbene ligands will find widespread application in stabilizing reactive metal centers.
Efficient Fe3O4/Fe Redox Cycle with Biomass Waste Glycerol for Net Carbon Benefit CO2 Reduction
Authors: Cheng Jiong , Yang Yang , Liu Xu , Yan Ning , Jin Fangming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCO2 utilization is a critical aspect of achieving a sustainable carbon cycle, particularly in the context of global efforts to achieve carbon neutrality. Drawing inspiration from geological chemistry, Fe‐based hydrothermal CO2 reduction into valuable chemicals has emerged as a promising CO2 utilization strategy. However, the lack of a sustainable and direct Fe regeneration approach presents a notable challenge to the widespread adoption of this strategy. Herein, we propose a method for the direct reduction of Fe3O4 to Fe using biodiesel‐waste glycerol. This method yields a remarkable 97.9 wt % of reduced Fe, which exhibits a high activity for CO2 (HCO3−) reduction to formic acid, maintaining a level of ~90 %. Our investigation reveals that the Fe3O4 reduction involves a direct hydrogen transfer from hydroxyl groups to lattice O atoms on the surface of Fe3O4, forming reductive H species. The presence of a polyhydroxy structure in glycerol facilitates the stabilization of surface H species, thereby enhancing the reduction efficiency process. Based on this mechanism, we explore the potential of using various polyols derived from woody biomass, which exhibit similar capabilities for the reduction of Fe3O4 as glycerol. These findings establish an efficient and sustainable Fe3O4/Fe redox cycle, which integrates waste biomass into circular carbon economy solutions and contributes to the overall net carbon benefit of CO2 utilization.
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkoxyamines for Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
Authors: Lee Kevin , Yom Clairissa , Gilberti Dante , Tahsin Saira , Meza Jacob , Stewart Jamere , Boone David , Xing Yalan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotoredox catalysis and synthetic electrochemistry have begun to find their spot in a synthetic chemist's toolbox. Apart from their use of renewable reagents (light and electricity respectively), these methods have enabled pathways that were previously viewed as inaccessible. It is therefore essential to develop methods to further advance the fields of photoredox catalysis and synthetic electrochemistry. Alkoxyamines have been viewed as prime building blocks for photoredox and synthetic electrochemists because of their facile reactivity to oxidatively cleave C−O bonds. This review begins with addressing the first method developed for generating carbocations via a mesolytic cleavage pathway, and then highlights the recent approaches to utilizing photoredox and synthetic electrochemistry on oxidative cleavage of alkoxyamines for nucleophilic substitution reactions. To demonstrate its applicability, this review also highlights its utilization in the enantioselective synthesis of (−)‐calycanthidine and (−)‐psychotriasine.
Total posterior quadrant disconnection for drug‐resistant epilepsy in children
Authors: Yu Hao , Liu Chang , Sun Yu , Wang Yao , Liu Qingzhu , Ji Taoyun , Wang Shuang , Liu Xiaoyan , Jiang Yuwu , Wu Ye , Cai Lixin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess seizure outcomes, prognostic factors, and developmental changes in children undergoing total posterior quadrant disconnection (PQD) for drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of children with DRE who underwent total PQD surgery. The study focused on Engel's classification for seizure outcomes, exploring correlation of preoperative data and surgical effectiveness, and predictors of seizure prognosis. It involved a comparative analysis of developmental levels pre‐ and 3 months postoperatively using Griffiths Mental Development Scales‐China (GMDS‐C), and the correlation between clinical characteristics and GMDS‐C results.ResultsOut of 61 pediatric patients, 70.5% showed no seizure recurrence postoperatively. In the univariate analysis, interictal electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET), and acute postoperative seizure (APOS) were significantly related to surgical prognosis. In multivariate analysis, interictal EEG and APOS were identified as predictors of seizure prognosis. Survival analysis indicated significant associations between MRI, interictal EEG, FDG‐PET, APOS and postoperative seizure occurrence. Preoperative GMDS‐C levels were significantly correlated with epilepsy duration, seizure frequency, interictal EEG, and FDG‐PET. GMDS‐C scores improved postoperatively, while developmental quotients remained stable.SignificanceFor patients with structural abnormalities in the entire posterior quadrant, thorough preoperative assessment and timely total PQD surgery can effectively control seizures without causing neurological development deterioration. APOS and interictal EEG abnormalities beyond the posterior quadrant are predictors for seizure prognosis but should not be deemed contraindications for surgery.Plain Language SummaryDue to lack of analysis on pediatric total PQD cases, 61 pediatric patients who underwent total PQD surgery were retrospectively enrolled. Seizure and development results were collected and analyzed as dependent variables. The study found that 70.5% of patients were seizure‐free and showed development improvement, with no deaths or severe complications reported. Prognosis predictors included APOS and interictal EEG abnormalities beyond the posterior quadrant.
Small Fish, Big Problems: Life History, Conservation, and the Future of the Rio Grande Silvery Minnow
Authors: Mortensen Jacob G. , Turner Thomas F. , Dudley Robert K. , Platania Steven P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Rio Grande Silvery Minnow Hybognathus amarus is a small-bodied minnow emblematic of a reproductive guild endemic to rivers of the North American Great Plains. This species has been lost from over 90% of its historical range. The species was federally listed as endangered in 1994 and intensive conservation efforts over the past three decades have averted its extinction in the wild. This article synthesizes the life history of the species, causes of decline and existing threats, and prospects for recovery considering ongoing conservation efforts. Restoring multiple self-sustaining populations remains questionable given large-scale, irreversible changes to the Rio Grande basin, though the resiliency of the species and established conservation programs hold at least some potential for advancing recovery beyond simply preventing extinction.
Invasive genetic testing for isolated increased nuchal translucency of 3.0–3.4 mm: Results from cohort analysis with 604 fetuses
Authors: Jing Xiang‐Yi , Xiao Zhi‐Qing , Li Dong‐Zhi 
Published: September 2024

SynopsisIsolated increased nuchal translucency of 3.0–3.4 mm was associated with increased risk of chromosomal anomalies and monogenic syndromes.
Successful management of a combined penile and urethral fracture
Authors: Lachkar Salim , Boualaoui Imad , Ibrahimi Ahmed , El Sayegh Hachem , Nouini Yassine 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThis case highlights a rare occurrence of combined penile fracture and urethral injury in a 35‐year‐old male, emphasizing the critical need for accurate diagnosis and precise surgical intervention in such cases.Case presentationAfter a mishap during sexual intercourse, the patient faced intense penile pain, swelling, and urethrorrhagia. Advanced diagnostic methods, particularly MRI, confirmed a disruption in the tunica albuginea within the left corpora cavernosa. The patient underwent emergent surgical repair, addressing both urethral and corpora cavernosa injuries, leading to a successful postoperative course.ConclusionThis case report underscores the paramount importance of comprehending and effectively managing complex urological traumas. Timely and appropriate surgical intervention is crucial for ensuring optimal patient recovery and well‐being in instances of combined penile and urethral injuries.
Characteristics of Candida albicans Derived From HIV‐Positive Individuals With Oral Candidiasis: Genotyping, Phenotypic Variation, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Biofilm Formation
Authors: Erfaninejad Maryam , Mahmoudabadi Ali Zarei , Hashemzadeh Mohammad , Maraghi Elham , Fatahinia Mahnaz 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundOral candidiasis (OC) is one of the most common mucosal infections in those afflicted with HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to provide detailed information on the phenotype, genotype, antifungal susceptibility, and biofilm formation ability of oral Candida albicans isolated from HIV‐infected patients with OC.MethodsA total of 25 C. albicans isolates were collected from oral lesions of HIV‐infected patients referred to Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center affiliated with Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The antifungal susceptibility testing was done according to CLSI M27 guideline (fourth edition). The crystal violet method was used to evaluate the biofilm formation ability of isolates. Different phenotypes were identified on yeast extract‐peptone‐dextrose agar medium supplemented with phloxine B. Genotyping analysis of the isolates was performed using high‐resolution melting (HRM) assays and ABC genotyping.ResultsThe highest and lowest susceptibility of the C. albicans isolates was found for fluconazole 24 (96%) and ITC 18 (72%), respectively. Forty‐eight percent of the isolates had high biofilm formation ability and exhibited gray cell type. The most common genotype was genotype B (52%). HRM analysis of HIS3, EF3, and CDC3 markers showed three, four, and five different groups, respectively.ConclusionInvestigating the phenotype, antifungal susceptibility and biofilm formation ability of the C. albicans isolates obtained from oral lesions of HIV‐infected patients revealed that the dominant genotypes in the current research could cause more serious infections from the oral source. We recommend further research with a larger sample size to determine the molecular epidemiology of C. albicans among HIV patients in Iran.
Association of Gene Polymorphisms and Serum Levels of ALAS1 with the Risk of Anti‐Tuberculosis Drug‐Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Han Bing , He Yiwen , Zhu Min , Zhang Meiling , Lu Lihuan , Xu Xiaoyan , He Xiaomin , Yi Honggang , Tang Shaowen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the liver caused by isoniazid and rifampicin through the disorder of heme biosynthesis was considered an important mechanism of anti‐tuberculosis drug‐induced liver injury (ATLI). Alanine synthase 1 (ALAS1) is a rate‐limiting enzyme in the process of heme synthesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between ALAS1 gene polymorphism, serum ALAS1 level, and the risk of ATLI. This study was a case‐control study including 58 ATLI cases and 192 controls. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ALAS1 gene were selected for genotyping and serum ALAS1 concentrations were detected using ELISA kits. There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution of four SNPs between the ATLI cases and the controls under different genetic models. Patients carrying the GG genotype of SNP rs352163 in controls had higher baseline ALAS1 levels than those in ATLI cases (243.6 vs 290.2 ng/L, P = .034), and patients with baseline ALAS1 < 337.85 ng/L had a higher risk of ATLI than those with ALAS1 ≥ 337.85 ng/L (HR = 2.679, 95% CI: 1.360‐5.278, P = .004). Our findings indicated that the serum ALAS1 concentrations in the ATLI cases were lower than those in the controls, and the lower baseline ALAS1 levels can be associated with higher ATLI risk.