bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of an oxygen minimum zone and macroalgal enrichment on benthic megafaunal community composition in a NE Pacific submarine canyon
Authors: Domke Lia , Lacharité Myriam , Metaxas Anna , Matabos Marjolaine 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMegafaunal diversity in the deep sea shows a parabolic pattern with depth. It can be affected by factors such as low oxygen concentration, which suppresses diversity, or the presence of submarine canyons, which enhances it. Barkley Canyon, located off the west coast of British Columbia, Canada, is a submarine canyon that extends from the continental margin (200 m) into the deep ocean (2,000 m). This canyon receives drift kelp from shoreline kelp forests and contains an oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) at 500 to 1,500 m depth. Our study investigated the abundance and diversity of epibenthic megafauna over a range of depths (200–2,000 m) and oxygen concentrations (0.5–5.0 ml/L) within Barkley Canyon, as well as changes in abundance near detrital kelp. Video was collected using the remotely operated vehicle ROPOS along seven 1‐km cross‐canyon (i.e., across the axis of the canyon) transects and three 40‐m perpendicular cross‐transects over kelp. Taxonomic groups were associated with depth, temperature, and the presence of pebbles. The OMZ restricted pennatulids, and edge effects along OMZ boundaries were observed for ophiuroids. The geomorphology of the sea floor affected the distribution of taxa across the canyon, with Porifera mainly found along the walls and Echinoidea within the canyon axis. Expected richness exhibited a bimodal pattern, peaking at 300 and 2,000 m, possibly due to the combined effect of the OMZ and the submarine canyon. Echinoidea aggregated near drift kelp at 200 and 300 m. We found that faunal communities in Barkley Canyon were influenced by several confounded factors including depth, oxygen and substrate. Understanding faunal patterns is paramount with increased exploitation and a changing climate.
Insights into the metabolic functioning of a multipartner ciliate symbiosis from oxygen‐depleted sediments
Authors: Beinart R. A. , Beaudoin D. J. , Bernhard J. M. , Edgcomb V. P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSymbioses between anaerobic or microaerophilic protists and prokaryotes are common in anoxic and oxygen‐depleted habitats ranging from marine sediments to gastrointestinal tracts. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms of metabolic interaction between partners. In these putatively syntrophic associations, consumption of fermentative end products (e.g., hydrogen) by the prokaryotic symbionts is thought to facilitate protistan anaerobic metabolism. Here, we employed metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing of a microaerophilic or anaerobic karyorelictid ciliate and its prokaryotic symbionts from oxygen‐depleted Santa Barbara Basin (CA, USA) sediments to assess metabolic coupling within this consortium. This sequencing confirmed the predominance of deltaproteobacterial symbionts from the Families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae and suggested active symbiont reduction of host‐provided sulphate, transfer of small organic molecules from host to symbionts and hydrogen cycling among the symbionts. In addition, patterns of gene expression indicated active cell division by the symbionts, their growth via autotrophic processes and nitrogen exchange with the ciliate host. Altogether, this research underscores the importance of symbiont metabolism to host fermentative metabolism and, thus, likely its success in anoxic and low‐oxygen habitats, but also suggests ciliate‐associated prokaryotes play a role in important biogeochemical processes.
Solar irradiation levels during simulated long‐ and short‐term heat waves significantly influence heat survival, pigment and ascorbate composition, and free radical scavenging activity in alpine Vaccinium gaultherioides
Authors: Karadar Matthias , Neuner Gilbert , Kranner Ilse , Holzinger Andreas , Buchner Othmar 
Published: December 2017

In the 20th century, annual mean temperatures in the European Alps rose by almost 1 K and are predicted to rise further, increasing the impact of temperature on alpine plants. The role of light in the heat hardening of plants is still not fully understood. Here, the alpine dwarf shrub Vaccinium gaultherioides was exposed in situ to controlled short‐term heat spells (150 min with leaf temperatures 43–49°C) and long‐term heat waves (7 days, 30°C) under different irradiation intensities. Lethal leaf temperatures (LT50) were calculated. Low solar irradiation [max. 250 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)] during short‐term heat treatments mitigated the heat stress, shown by reduced leaf tissue damage and higher Fv/Fm (potential quantum efficiency of photosystem 2) than in darkness. The increase in xanthophyll cycle activity and ascorbate concentration was more pronounced under low light, and free radical scavenging activity increased independent of light conditions. During long‐term heat wave exposure, heat tolerance increased from 3.7 to 6.5°C with decreasing mean solar irradiation intensity (585–115 PPFD). Long‐term exposure to heat under low light enhanced heat hardening and increased photosynthetic pigment, dehydroascorbate and violaxanthin concentration. In conclusion, V. gaultherioides is able to withstand temperatures of around 50°C, and its heat hardening can be enhanced by low light during both short‐ and long‐term heat treatment. Data showing the specific role of light during short‐ and long‐term heat exposure and the potential risk of lethal damage in alpine shrubs as a result of rising temperature are discussed.
Relationships among neuroscore, magnetic resonance imaging features, and intracranial pressure in sheep affected by slow‐growing brain lesions
Authors: Evangelisti Maria A. , Deiana Roberta , Melosu Valentino , Burrai Giovanni P. , Ballocco Isabella , Varcasia Antonio , Scala Antonio , Manunta Maria L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDiagnosing high intracranial pressure by clinical and diagnostic imaging is particularly challenging for chronic or slow‐growing lesions. The aim of this prospective case‐control study is to determine whether the neuroscore and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are related to the direct measurement of intracranial pressure in sheep affected by intracranial slow‐growing lesions due to chronic cerebral coenurosis (Coenurus cerebralis). Seventeen affected and 10 control sheep were included. All animals underwent a neurological examination, MRI of the brain, and direct measurement of intracranial pressure. The severity of clinical signs and MRI findings were scored. Data were statistically analyzed. The invasive intracranial pressure value was higher in affected animals. A severely altered neuroscore is related to an increased intracranial pressure beyond the normal threshold (P < 0.05). The volume of the calvarium was larger in affected animals than in control animals (P = 0.0001) and was positively influenced by the presence and volume of the parasitic cyst (r = 0.7881, P < 0.01). Several degrees of deviation and deformation of both the ventricular system and brain parenchyma were detected by MRI. Subjective MRI findings were not associated with intracranial hypertension. In conclusion, this study shows that in sheep affected by slow‐growing lesions, severe alterations in the neuroscore and the results of objective MRI are related to an increased intracranial pressure beyond the normal threshold.
Beyond abundance: How microenvironmental features and weather influence Bartonella tribocorum infection in wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Rothenburger J. L. , Himsworth C. G. , Nemeth N. M. , Pearl D. L. , Jardine C. M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryNorway rats (Rattus norvegicus) inhabit cities worldwide and carry a number of zoonotic pathogens. Although many studies have investigated rat‐level risk factors, there is limited research on the effects of weather and environment on zoonotic pathogen transmission ecology in rats. The objective of this study was to use a disease ecology approach to understand how abiotic (weather and urban microenvironmental features) and biotic (relative rat population abundance) factors affect Bartonella tribocorum prevalence in urban Norway rats from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. This potentially zoonotic pathogen is primarily transmitted by fleas and is common among rodents, including rats, around the world. During a systematic rat trap and removal study, city blocks were evaluated for 48 environmental variables related to waste, land/alley use and property condition, and rat abundance. We constructed 32 weather (temperature and precipitation) variables with time lags prior to the date we captured each rat. We fitted multivariable logistic regression models with rat pathogen status as the outcome. The odds of a rat testing positive for B. tribocorum were significantly lower for rats in city blocks with one or more low‐rise apartment buildings compared to blocks with none (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.04–0.80; p = .02). The reason for this association may be related to unmeasured factors that influence pathogen transmission and maintenance, as well as flea vector survival. Bartonella tribocorum infection in rats was positively associated with high minimum temperatures for several time periods prior to rat capture. This finding suggests that a baseline minimum temperature may be necessary for flea vector survival and B. tribocorum transmission among rats. There was no significant association with rat abundance, suggesting a lack of density‐dependent pathogen transmission. This study is an important first step to understanding how environment and weather impacts rat infections including zoonotic pathogen ecology in urban ecosystems.
On cyclic DNA codes over the rings Z4 + wZ4 and Z4 + wZ4 + vZ4 + wvZ4
Authors: Dertli Abdullah , Cengellenmis Yasemin 
Published: December 2017

The structures of cyclic DNA codes of odd length over the finite ringsВ R = Z4 + wZ4, w^2 = 2 and S = Z4 + wZ4 + vZ4 + wvZ4; w^2 = 2; v^2 =v; wv = vw are studied. The links between the elements of the rings R, SВ and 16 and 256 codons are established, respectively. The cyclic codes of odd length over the finite ring RВ satisfy reverse complement constraint and the cyclic codes of odd length over the finite ring SВ satisfy reverse constraint and reverse complement constraint are studied. The binary images of the cyclic DNA codes over the finite rings RВ and SВ are determined. Moreover, a family of DNA skew cyclic codes over RВ is constructed, its property of being reverse complement is studied.
Altered coupling of α1-adrenergic receptor-G protein in rat parotid during aging
Authors: Miyamoto A. , Villalobos-Molina R. , Kowatch M. A. , Roth G. S. 
Published: December 2017

Pages C1181–C1188: A. Miyamoto, R. Villalobos-Molina, M. A. Kowatch, and G. S. Roth. “Altered coupling of agr1-adrenergic receptor-G protein in rat parotid during aging.” Figure 5 should have appeared as follows: (See PDF)
Preservation of structural and functional polarity in isolated epithelial cells
Authors: Torres R. J. , Altenberg G. A. , Copello J. A. , Zampighi G. , Reuss L. 
Published: December 2017

Pages C1864-C1874: R. J. Torres, G. A. Altenberg, J. A. Copello, G. Zampighi, and L. Reuss, “Preservation of structural and functional polarity in isolated epithelial cells.” Pages C1866 (Fig. 2), C1869 (Fig. 51, and C1873 (Fig. 9): due to a printer processing error at the final publication stage, Figs. 2, 5, and 9 were poorly reproduced. The figures should have appeared as follows: (See PDF)
Cloning of a bovine renal epithelial Na+ channel subunit
Authors: Fuller C. M. , Awayda M. S. , Arrate M. P. , Bradford A. L. , Morris R. G. , Canessa C. M. , Rossier B. C. , Benos D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Pages C641-C654: C. M. Fuller, M. S. Awayda, M. P. Arrate, A. L. Bradford, R. G. Morris, C. M. Canessa, B. C. Rossier, and D. J. Benos. “Cloning of a bovine renal epithelial Na+ channel subunit.” Page C642: Fig. 1 contains two errors in the published sequence of the cDNA agr-bENaC clone presented. A severe COOH compression at nucleotide positions 1750 and 1760 resulted in a double frameshift in the COOH-terminal portion of the sequence. Correction of the nucleotide sequence causes the termination codon to fall at position 1951 (as opposed to position 2092 as previously published), predicting a translated polypeptide of 650 amino acids as opposed to 697 residues as previously reported. This shortened protein has a calculated molecuar mass of 73.4 kDa, although it is observed to migrate with a relative molecular weight of ap80,000 on 8% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The overall homology of the nucleotide sequence with the rat and human agr-ENaC clones is slightly increased by this sequence change to 80 and 84% identities, respectively. In the COOH-terminal region, the homology increases to 53% identity from 43% identity for the rat clone and to 64% identity from 51% identity for the human sequence. A revised nucleotide and amino acid sequence is given in the revised Fig. 1. The sites of the COOH insertion are underlined and the altered amino acid sequence is given in bold. However, this sequence revision does not affect the conclusions of this or subsequent papers from our laboratory concerning this cDNA clone. The amended sequence has been deposited with GenBank (accession no. U14944). The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused by this error. (See PDF)
Metabolism of totally ischemic excised dog heart I. Construction of a computer model
Authors: Achs Murray J. , Garfinkel David 
Published: December 2017

Construction and fit to the experimental data of a computer model of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and related metabolism in an ischemic dog heart preparation, involving 122 metabolites, 65 enzymes, and 406 chemical reactions, is described. The experimental preparation simulated is a dog heart excised from the body, placed in a beaker of Tyrode's solution, and sampled for 100 min; the model required only moderate modification from models representing perfused rat hearts, and little modification from a model of another ischemic dog heart preparation. Common underlying mechanisms for the ischemia are indicated, although this preparation appears to evolve more slowly with time, perhaps owing to heavy sedation and diffusion-limited transport. Lactate is, at first, exported and then accumulates intracellularly; pH falls, but not as much in the mitochondria as the cytoplasm; redox couples go reduced, but with counterintuitive time courses; calcium phosphate is calculated to precipitate, as often observed in cardiac ischemia enzymes; glycolysis; simulation; metabolic regulation Submitted on October 24, 1978 Accepted on May 21, 1979
Relationships between fast vital capacity and various timed expiratory capacities
Authors: Miller William F. , Johnson Robert L. , Wu Nancy 
Published: December 2017

Fast vital capacity, 0.5-second, 0.75-second and 1.0-second timed expiratory capacities were measured with a Gaensler-Collins timed vitalometer in 153 healthy subjects, including equal numbers of males and females ranging in age from 20 through 60 years. The timed expiratory capacities (TEC) were found to constitute a fairly constant proportion of the vital capacity (VC) and the linear relationship of the TEC to the VC establishes the validity of using the ratio TEC/VC as a means of expressing this function for purposes of comparative analyses of function. The mean 0.5-second EC ratio was found to be 67.8%, the 0.75-second EC 77.3%, and the 1.0-second EC 83.9% with no variation between sexes and no significant age regression in the 0.5-second EC ratio. Values obtained by this method were comparable to those obtained by pneumotachographic and special spirometric techniques (Bernstein). Formulas for predicting the expected fast vital capacity for both males and females, using height and age as parameters, were calculated from these data to provide more accurate prediction of the VC in both sexes when the VC is measured by this commonly used method. A convenient nomogram was constructed for this purpose. Submitted on June 17, 1958
Solubility of ammonia in human plasma
Authors: Jacquez John A. , Poppell J. William , Jeltsch Rudolph 
Published: December 2017

The solubility of ammonia in pooled human plasma was measured by a constant flow equilibration method. The solubility coefficient in liter NH3 (STPD) per liter plasma at 1 mm Hg partial pressure of ammonia was found to be 1.07, .91, .83 and .79 at 32, 37, 40.5 and 41.5℃, respectively. Submitted on September 18, 1958
A method for dealing with data concerning uneven ventilation of the lung and its effects on blood gas transfer
Authors: Briscoe William A. 
Published: December 2017

This is a consideration of the relationships between the uneven ventilation of the lung and the arterial oxygen saturation and CO2 tension. In the simplest case, the lung is considered to contain only two differently ventilated and perfused components. Graphic methods are developed for dealing with situations of this type and illustrated by application to the data obtained in a normal subject. Some of the methods outlined here can be applied in situations where the lung is composed of three or more differently ventilated and perfused components. In the normal subject considered here, the uneven ventilation of the lung is compatible with A-a gradients of 6 and 0.8 mm for O2 and CO2, respectively. Submitted on October 3, 1958
Relative volume changes between lobes of the lung
Authors: Koler John J. , Young A. C. , Martin C. J. 
Published: December 2017

Lobarspirometry was used to measure the relative volume changes between pulmonary lobes in normal human subjects. The flow resistive properties of the system were obviated by having the subject interrupt flow throughout the vital capacity range. The plot of relative volume changes of the upper and the lower lobe during inspiration was curvilinear in all subjects. Expiration had a less consistent pattern, but most often the upper lobe, rather than the lower lobe, contributed more to late expiration. The plot of volume differences between lungs did not reveal a consistent relationship. However, in contrast to the plot of the lobes, the plot of the lung volumes was often linear. The breath-holding points frequently showed a ‘creep’ phenomenon where the volume changes between lobes were opposite in direction or where the volume in one lobe remained constant, while that in the other was increasing or decreasing. Changes in body position did not affect these curves. The occurrence of unequal volume changes must mean that the mechanical properties of the units differ or that they are exposed to different stresses. Submitted on August 19, 1958
Relationship between pain and tissue damage due to thermal radiation
Authors: Stoll Alice M. , Greene Leon C. 
Published: December 2017

Sites on the volar surfaces of the forearms of human subjects were blackened with India ink and exposed to thermal irradiances of from 50 to 400 mcal/cm2 sec. The exposure time and skin temperature at which threshold pain occurred, and which produced minimal blistering within 24 hours, were noted. The thermal inertia (k⍴c) of the skin was shown to vary directly with the level of irradiance. The receptors effective in mediating the pain sensation were calculated to be at a depth of approximately 200 μ and to have a threshold of approximately 43.2℃. Tissue damage rates with respect to temperature were derived empirically so that damage integrated over the time for which skin temperature was elevated over the pain threshold was equated to unity. The substitution of the ratio of these rates with respect to temperature for the stimulus ratio, in the prediction of the observed discriminable steps in pain sensation intensity, yielded faithful reproduction of the just noticeable differences observed for pain through the range of this sensation. Submitted on September 17, 1958
Pulmonary function in the normal male
Authors: Holmes Edward L. 
Published: December 2017

Selected pulmonary function tests, total vital capacity (TVC), 1.0 second expiratory capacity (EC) and total expiratory time were determined in 130 healthy males age 20–25 years. The mean TVC as measured in the sitting position was 5.09 l. ± S.E. 0.05. The mean value was significantly higher than predicted, using the formula of West. TVC increased with increasing body surface and height. Especially good correlation was seen between TVC and essential body mass (EBM) where an essentially linear relationship was obtained. Data from this study on a narrow age group indicates that the normal may deviate from the mean by as much as 20%. The mean 1.0 second EC was 90.8% ± S.E. 0.44 of the TVC. This was somewhat higher than has been reported. The total expiratory time was 1.63 seconds ± S.E. 0.03. There was no correlation of total expiratory time with any body measurement. Submitted on October 27, 1958
Pulmonary blood volume determined by a radioactive tracer technique
Authors: Weissler Arnold M. , McCraw Burley H. , Warren James V. 
Published: December 2017

A semiquantitative technique for assaying shifts in intrapulmonary blood volume is described. The method consists of the external monitoring of radioactivity over the anterior thorax after the intravenous administration of radioactive iodinated albumin utilizing a sensitive scintillation counter with a focusing collimator attachment. While this method does not yield the quantitative data of the indicator dilution and body plethysmographic techniques, it offers the advantage of confining observations to the intrapulmonary rather than the intrathoracic blood volume. Employing this technique, the effects of the upright posture, peripheral venous pooling and the Valsalva maneuver have been studied. A fall in estimated pulmonary blood volume was noted with each procedure, averaging 28%, 9% and 11%, respectively, below control levels. Submitted on January 16, 1959
Discrepancy between body and venous hematocrits. Dilution curves of simultaneously administered I131-HSA and Cr51-labeled erythrocytes in man
Authors: Tuckman John , Finnerty Frank A. , Buchholz Joachim H. 
Published: December 2017

The difference between direct and indirect plasma volumes was studied in man by the analysis of detailed dilution curves following simultaneous administration of I131-HSA and Cr51-RBC-labeled erythrocytes. These results showed: 1) the discrepancy between the apparent direct (I131-HSA) and indirect (Cr51-RBC) plasma volumes became evident with the first appearance of recirculation. 2) The apparent ratio of body to anticubital vein hematocrits remained approximately the same during the remainder of the 2-hour procedure. Two hypotheses were considered as possible explanations for the rapid appearance of the greater direct plasma volume: a) a rapidly equilibrating extravascular space entirely permeable to plasma protein but not to red blood cells and b) intravascular areas of low hematocrits. The latter hypothesis was considered the more probable. Submitted on November 5, 1958
Counterrolling of the eyes and its dependence on the magnitude of gravitational or inertial force acting laterally on the body
Authors: Woellner Richard C. , Graybiel Ashton 
Published: December 2017

Counterrolling of the eyes was measured in five healthy persons when inclined on a tilt-chair and when exposed to a change in direction of force on a human centrifuge. For equivalent changes in direction of force incident to the subject, the magnitude of the force was greater on the centrifuge. When the amount of roll was plotted as a function of the incident angle of force, divergent curves were obtained for tilt-chair and centrifuge data. When the amount of roll was plotted as a function of magnitude of laterally-acting force as the independent variable, a single curve resulted indicating a straight line relation within the range of 1 g. These findings not only constitute definitive proof that the counterrolling reflex can be released by gravitational (and inertial) force but also are consistent with the current theory of the functioning of the otolith organs. Submitted on January 20, 1959