bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference formulas for chest CT-derived lobar volumes in the lung-healthy general population
Authors: Bakker Jens T. , Dudurych Ivan , Roodenburg Sharyn A. , Vonk Judith M. , Klooster Karin , de Bruijne Marleen , van den Berge Maarten , Slebos Dirk-Jan , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Lung hyperinflation, a key contributor to dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), can be quantified via chest computed tomography (CT). Establishing reference equations for lobar volumes and total lung volume (TLV) can aid in evaluating lobar hyperinflation, especially for targeted lung volume reduction therapies.

Methods
The Imaging in Lifelines study (ImaLife) comprises 11,729 participants aged 45 and above with analyzed inspiratory low-dose thoracic CT scans. Lung and lobar volumes were measured using an automatic AI-based segmentation algorithm (LungSeg). For the main analysis, participants were excluded if they had self-reported COPD/asthma, lung disease on CT, airflow obstruction on lung function testing, were currently smoking, aged over 80 years, or had height outside the 99% confidence interval. Reference equations for TLV and lobar volumes were determined using linear regression considering age and height, stratified by sex. For the subanalysis, participants who were currently smoking or experiencing airflow obstruction were compared to the group of the main analysis.

Results
The study included 7306 lung-healthy participants, 97.5% Caucasian, 43.6% men, with mean age of 60.3 ± 9.5 years. Lung and lobar volumes generally increased with age and height. Men consistently had higher volumes than women when adjusted for height. R2 values ranged from 7.8 to 19.9%. In smokers and those with airway obstruction, volumes were larger than in lung-healthy groups, with the largest increases measured in the upper lobes.

Conclusion
The established reference equations for CT-derived TLV and lobar volumes provide a standardized interpretation for individuals aged 45 to 80 of Northern European descent.

Key Points
QuestionLobar lung volumes can be derived from inspiratory CT scans, but healthy-lung reference values are lacking.
FindingsLung and lobar volumes generally increased with age and height. Reference equations for lung/lobar volumes were derived from a sizeable lung-healthy population.
Clinical relevanceThis study provides reference equations for inspiratory CT-derived lung and lobar volumes in a lung-healthy population, potentially useful for assessing candidates for lung volume reduction therapies, for lobe removal in lung cancer patients, and in case of restrictive pulmonary diseases.
Bladder Cancer detection by urinary methylation markers GHSR/MAL: a validation study
Authors: Beijert I. J. , van den Burgt Y. , Hentschel A. E. , Bosschieter J. , Kauer P. C. , Lissenberg-Witte B. I. , van Moorselaar R. J.A. , Nieuwenhuijzen J. A. , Steenbergen R. D.M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Although cystoscopy is a reliable tool for detecting bladder cancer, it poses a high burden on patients and entails high costs. This highlights the need for non-invasive and cost-effective alternatives. This study aimed to validate a previously developed urinary methylation marker panel containing GHSR and MAL.

Methods
We enrolled 134 patients who underwent cystoscopy because of hematuria, including 63 individuals with primary bladder cancer and 71 with non-malignant findings. Urine samples were self-collected at home and sent via regular mail. Subsequently, DNA was extracted and the hypermethylation of GHSR and MAL was evaluated using quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. The performance of methylation markers was assessed using area-under-the-curve (AUC) analysis and sensitivity and specificity based on pre-established cut-off values.

Results
Validation of the marker panel GHSR/MAL resulted in an AUC of 0.87 at 79% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Sensitivity was comparable to the previous investigation (P > 0.9), though specificity was significantly lower (P = 0.026). Sensitivity was higher for high-grade tumors compared to low-grade tumors (94% vs. 60%, P = 0.002).

Conclusion
Validation of the GHSR/MAL methylation marker panel on at home collected urine samples confirms its robust performance for bladder cancer detection in a hematuria population, and underscores the diagnostic potential for future clinical application.
Proximal avulsion of the hamstring in young athlete patients: a case series and review of literature
Authors: Castelli Alberto , Parenti Matteo , Tirone Gianluca , Spera Marco , Azzola Flavio , Zanon Giacomo , Grassi Federico Alberto , Jannelli Eugenio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHamstring injuries are a frequent occurrence of athletes, leading to a stop in practice and long-term alterations in sports performance. About 12% of these lesions involve avulsion at the level of the proximal insertion that can be complete (about 6%) or partial. Starting from an epidemiological and treatment evaluation of these lesions in literature, the aim of this study was to examine the functional outcomes and the rate of "return to play" in a population composed of athletes of various levels who have undergone surgery to reinsert the hamstring muscles at the ischial insertion, for a complete detachment of one or more tendon heads. Therefore, a retrospective study was carried out where 18 patients treated at the Orthopedics and Traumatology Unit of the I.R.C.C.S. San Matteo in Pavia (Italy) were identified in a time span ranging from March 2012 to August 2020. The sample was analysed taking into account age, sex and risk factors, as well as the pathophysiology and anatomy of the injury using the Wood classification, the time elapsed before surgery, the duration of the rehabilitation protocol and the possible return to sports activity, comparing the level of sports performance in the pre- and post-operative period using the Tegner Activity Score (TAS). Different post-operative outcome evaluation scores (Perth Hamstring Assessment Tool PHAT and Lower Extremity Functional Scale LEFS) were also compared with each other in order to find a correlation with the real level of return to sporting activity. The mean age at surgery was 26.4 11.6 years. The population is composed of 14 males (77.8%) and 4 females (22.2%). All 18 patients returned to sports following surgery (100%). Of these patients, 17 (94%) maintained a level of sports performance equal to that before the injury. 100% of patients rated the outcome of the surgery as satisfactory. This study has shown that Hamstring reinsertion surgery is a correct indication in all athletes, allowing them a satisfactory return to sports practice.
Mitigating overuse of antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing through educational intervention: a study in internal medicine and neurology departments
Authors: Pri-Paz Basson Yael , Neumark Eran , Kivity Shaye , Tayer-Shifman Oshrat E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction/objectives
Overuse of antinuclear antibody (ANA) tests leads to increased costs, false positives, and unnecessary treatments. This study evaluated ANA overuse in internal medicine and neurology departments and assessed the impact of an educational intervention.

Method
This quality improvement educational intervention study examined ANA test overuse in five internal medicine departments and one neurology department at a university-affiliated medical center. The educational intervention included a session focusing on ANA testing appropriateness. Outcome measures comprised the ANA/new patient ratio (APR) and the percentage of positive ANA test results. Outcomes were compared between the pre- and post-intervention periods (both 6 months).

Results
The intervention took place in December 2021. The APR decreased from 43% in the pre-educational intervention period to 27% in the post-intervention period in the neurology department (odds ratio [OR] 0.49, confidence interval [95% CI] 0.37–0.63, P < 0.0001) and from 2.6% to 2.2% in the internal medicine departments (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.73–1.10, P = 0.28). The percentage of positive ANA tests increased from 43% pre-intervention to 53% in the post-intervention period (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.90–2.46, P = 0.12) in the neurology department and from 48% to 59% (OR 1.56, 95% CI 0.99–2.44, P = 0.0543) in the internal medicine departments.

Conclusion
A simple educational intervention reduced unnecessary ANA testing in the neurology department but not in internal medicine departments, improving patient selection and potential cost savings. The results underscore the importance of targeted education to promote evidence-based behavior among healthcare professionals. Further research with longer follow-up is needed to assess the sustainability of these improvements.

Key Points• This study presents a quality improvement intervention to prevent the overuse of ANA testing in non-rheumatologist physicians.• A straightforward educational intervention effectively reduced unnecessary ANA testing and improved patient selection, following the Choosing Wisely campaign.• This educational intervention can be adapted and applied in various clinical settings to address the overuse of diagnostic tests, benefiting a wide range of healthcare professionals.
International spillovers of unconventional monetary policy: A meta-analysis
Authors: Araújo Tiago , Afonso Óscar , Neves Pedro Cunha , Sochirca Elena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe impacts of the unconventional monetary policy measures adopted by central banks after the 2007 financial crisis have been the focus of an increasing number of empirical studies. While some studies have focused on the impacts on the domestic economy, others have examined the international spillover effects of the policies adopted by the major central banks. The latter studies have, however, reported heterogeneous results. In this paper, we develop a meta-analysis of the empirical literature that examines the spillover effects of unconventional monetary policy on international capital flows. We find that, while the global average effect is not statistically different from zero, there are specific effects that vary significantly according to the development level of the destination country, the nature of the capital flow, the Central Bank that adopts the UMP, and the type and year of implementation of the UMP measure.
Impact of Elevated Atmospheric and Intercellular CO2 on Plant Defense Mechanisms
Authors: Hill Amber J. , Shlisel Meir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis review explores the complex relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and secondary metabolites in leaves, emphasizing their role in plant defense mechanisms. The synthesis of different research that has been done ranges from the influence of CO2 on photosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and the synthesis of secondary metabolites, crucial in protecting plants against environmental stressors, especially pathogens. The paper highlights the significance of various factors such as light intensity, water supply, and temperature in regulating stomatal conductance and subsequent CO2 assimilation. Additionally, it discusses the diverse secondary metabolites found in plants, including phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and tannins, and their antioxidant properties. The review suggests that elevated CO2 levels may enhance plant defense responses by influencing the production of secondary metabolites. The paper also explores the complex interplay between CO2 levels, metabolic activity, and defense mechanisms, providing valuable insights into how plants dynamically adjust their metabolism to cope with environmental challenges, highlighting the interaction of adaptation and physiology in plants, offering a holistic understanding of the biochemical and physiological processes involved in plant defense.
Vitamin D: A key player in COVID-19 immunity and lessons from the pandemic to combat immune-evasive variants
Authors: Sabit Hussein , Abdel-Ghany Shaimaa , Abdallah Mahmoud S. , Abul-Maaty Osama , Khoder Ahmed I. , Shoman Nabil A. , Farrag Mohamed Sameh , Martasek Pavel , Noreddin Ayman M. , Nazih Mahmoud 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs of the 7th of July 2024, 775,754,322 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 7,053,902 deaths worldwide, had been reported to the WHO (World Health Organization). Nevertheless, untill the 15th of July 2024, a total of 13,578,710,228 vaccine doses had been administered, with almost no country spared from COVID-19 attacks. The pathophysiology of this virus is complicated, and several symptoms require a deep understanding of the actual mechanisms. It is unclear why some patients develop severe symptoms while others do not, although literature suggests a role for vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the infection or in ameliorating the severity of symptoms. The mechanism of action of vitamin D and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is well understood. VDD is associated with increased hospitalization of severely ill patients and increased levels of COVID-19-caused mortality. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D levels and genetic variations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene significantly impact the severity and outcomes of COVID-19, especially in the infections caused by Delta and Omicron variants. Furthermore, VDD causes immune system dysregulation upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, indicating that vitamin D sufficiency is crucial in fighting against COVID-19 infection. The therapeutic effect of vitamin D raises interest in its potential role as a prophylactic and treatment adjunct. We evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D and its ability to enhance the efficacy of new antiviral drugs like molnupiravir and paxlovid against SARS-CoV-2. This review discusses the role of vitamin D sufficiency and VDD in COVID-19 initiation and progression, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D exerts its actions as a proactive step for the next pandemic. However, there is still no clear evidence of vitamin D’s impact on prevention and treatment, leading to contradictory findings. Therefore, large-scale randomized trials are required to reach a definitive conclusion. A bibliometric analysis of publications related to vitamin D, immunity, and COVID-19 revealed a significant increase in research activity in this area, particularly in 2020–2024, underscoring the growing recognition of vitamin D’s potential role in the context of the pandemic.
Single and combined effects of metal-based fungicides on Eisenia andrei in different scenarios of climatic change
Authors: Kaka Hussain , Opute Prosper , Maboeta Mark 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the ecotoxicity of metal-based fungicides under the current scenarios of global climatic change (20 °C and 25 °C) and moisture content (30% and 50%) in single and binary mixtures of copper oxychloride (CuOx) [200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg] and mancozeb (MnZn) [44, 850 and 1250 mg/kg]. Endpoints assessed included mortality, changes in biomass, avoidance behaviour, and reproduction utilising standardised protocols (ISO and OECD). The changes in biomass and mortality tests lasted 28 days, followed by a 28-day reproduction test and a two-day avoidance test. In all temperature-moisture combinations, the mortality rate in the exposure groups exceeded 10% only in the CuOx1000 and CuOx1000 + MnZn1250 mg/kg groups. However, at 20 °C and 30% moisture, the mortality rate exceeded 10% only in the CuOx500 + MnZn850 mg/kg treatment. Relative growth rates in the CuOx and MnZn treatment groups decreased with increasing concentrations. In CuOx MnZn and the binary mixture treatments at 20 °C 30% and 25 °C 50% conditions, avoidance response behaviour was greater than 80% throughout the exposure, except in CuOx200 mg/kg, MnZn44 mg/kg and CuOx200 + MnZn44 mg/kg. The reproduction of exposed earthworms in all treatment groups was concentration-dependent and influenced by varying temperatures and soil moisture conditions. No juveniles or cocoons were produced in the CuOx1000 mg/kg treatment at 25 °C 30%, indicating that copper oxychloride may be more toxic than mancozeb, especially in drought conditions. This study found that different temperatures and soil moisture levels altered the ecotoxicity of CuOx and MnZn. It can be concluded that climate change is likely to significantly impact the outcomes of metals to earthworms and their ecological activities.
Let ‘Let n be such an x’ Be: A Reply to Meléndez Gutiérrez
Authors: Haze Tristan Grøtvedt 
Published: October 2024

AbstractI defend Haze’s argument against the Breckenridge-Magidor theory of instantial reasoning from an objection by Meléndez Gutiérrez. According to Breckenridge and Magidor, in reasoning like ‘Some x is mortal. Let n be such an x…’, the ‘n’ refers to a particular object but we cannot know which. This surprisingly defensible view poses an obvious threat to widespread notions in the philosophy of language. Haze argues that the theory leads to absurdity in cases like ‘Some x is unreferred-to by any expression. Let n be such an x…’ and should therefore be rejected. Meléndez Gutiérrez counters that Haze’s argument is just a case of Berry-like paradox and thus fails to refute the Breckenridge-Magidor theory. I argue that the analogy breaks down: unlike the intuitively compelling and widely believed well-ordering principle about positive integers, the principle drawn from Breckenridge and Magidor that plays a supposedly analogous role enjoys no such status, and is instead simply shown to be false by Haze’s reductio. The possibility of such a response is obscured when Meléndez Gutiérrez portrays Haze’s argument as involving a stipulation that ‘n’ is to refer to an unreferred-to object. On the contrary, Haze’s argument does not assume that expressions like ‘n’ work by means of referring at all, and simply lets stipulations like ‘Let n be such an x’ be themselves, without imposing a theory on them. Once this is clarified, we can see that Haze’s argument is unaffected by Meléndez Gutiérrez’s objection.
Organisationale Gesundheitskompetenz und Qualitätsmanagement – Freund, Feind oder friedvolle Koexistenz? Ergebnisse eines Workshops mit Expert*innen für Qualitätsmanagement im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Rathmann Katharina , Münch Inga , Fischbock Nadine , Häberle Nicola , László Emese , Soffried Jürgen , De Gani Saskia Maria , Dierks Marie-Luise , Bitzer Eva Maria 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDer Workshop „Organisationale Gesundheitskompetenz und Qualitätsmanagement im Gesundheitswesen – Freund, Feind oder friedvolle Koexistenz?“ diente als Forum zur Diskussion der Frage, ob und wie die Standards der organisationalen Gesundheitskompetenz (OGK) mit dem Qualitätsmanagement (QM) im Gesundheitswesen verknüpft werden können.MethodenUm ein vertieftes Verständnis für potenzielle Ansatzpunkte zwischen den Konzepten der OGK und dem QM zu entwickeln, wurde eine Fokusgruppendiskussion im Rahmen eines Workshops zum oben genannten Thema durchgeführt. Eingeladen waren sowohl QM-Beauftragte als auch ausgewählte OGK-Expert*innen. Insgesamtn = 30 Personen nahmen an dem Workshop teil und diskutierten in 6 Arbeitsgruppen die Schnittmengen zwischen Standards der OGK und dem QM in der Gesundheitsversorgung. Die zentralen Diskussionspunkte wurden mittels einer Inhaltsanalyse der Notizen, Audioaufnahmen und Transkripte ausgewertet.ErgebnisseSowohl OGK als auch QM verfolgen das Ziel, die Patient*innenorientierung zu verbessern und durch gezieltere Information und Aufklärung die Qualität und Sicherheit der Gesundheitsversorgung zu erhöhen. Für die Praxis relevant ist die strategische Verzahnung beider Konzepte zum Wohl der Patient*innen und des Gesundheitswesens insgesamt. Die Diskussion zeigt, dass sowohl eine komplementäre Integration von OGK und QM im Gesamtsystem als auch eine fokussierte Verankerung einzelner OGK-Standards im QM vielversprechende Ansätze darstellen, die OGK im Gesundheitswesen voranzutreiben. Zugleich wird hervorgehoben, dass die Bekanntheit und das Verständnis von OGK in der Praxis noch gesteigert werden müssen. Um OGK erfolgreich zu implementieren, sind klare Rahmenbedingungen, ausreichende Ressourcen, die Unterstützung durch das Management und Forschung zu den Prozessen und Ergebnissen unerlässlich. Auch ist der systematische Einbezug der Patient*innen dabei zentral – von der Kokreation bis zur Diskussion finanzieller Aspekte.SchlussfolgerungDie Ergebnisse des Workshops legen eine Koexistenz und sogar eine synergetische Beziehung zwischen OGK und QM im Gesundheitswesen nahe. Die Verankerung von OGK in QM-Systemen bietet eine Chance, die Gesundheitskompetenz, die Patient*innensicherheit und auch die Versorgungsqualität wesentlich zu erhöhen.
Clinical scenarios of unusual FDG uptake in muscle
Authors: Minamimoto Ryogo , Kato Katsuhiko , Naganawa Shinji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Glucose is essential for muscle function and its uptake is influenced by aerobic conditions, hormonal regulations, and exercise. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), a glucose analog used in PET/CT scans, can show incidental uptake in muscles, and thus careful interpretation is required to avoid misdiagnosis. Proper patient preparation and understanding of the clinical scenarios affecting FDG uptake are crucial for accurate PET/CT interpretation, thus ensuring precise diagnoses and avoiding unnecessary interventions. This review emphasizes the need to consider patient-specific factors in evaluating incidental FDG uptake in muscle.
Zweckänderung nach Einwilligung
Authors: Kneuper Ralf 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Grundsatz der Zweckbindung gemäß DSGVO legt fest, dass personenbezogene Daten nur dann
für andere als die ursprünglichen Zwecke der Datenerhebung weiterverarbeitet werden dürfen,
wenn diese Zwecke nicht unvereinbar sind mit den ursprünglichen Zwecken. Dabei wird nicht ausdrücklich
nach der Rechtsgrundlage der ursprünglichen Verarbeitung unterschieden. Basiert die ursprüngliche
Verarbeitung allerdings auf der Rechtsgrundlage einer Einwilligung, dann sprechen sowohl Treu und Glauben
als auch der Sinn und Zweck der Zweckbindung dafür, dass eine Weiterverarbeitung nur auf Basis einer
neuen Einwilligung erlaubt ist. Einzige Ausnahme ist eine Weiterverarbeitung zum Schutz lebenswichtiger
Interessen.
Artificial intelligence for predicting arctic permafrost and active layer temperatures along the Alaskan North Slope
Authors: Chance Robert , Ahajjam Aymane , Putkonen Jaakko , Pasch Timothy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClimate change in Arctic regions poses a threat to permafrost stability, potentially leading to issues such as infrastructure damage, altered ecosystems, and increased greenhouse gas emissions. The challenge of monitoring permafrost temperatures and identifying critical environmental factors is accentuated by the scarcity of subsurface thermal data in remote Arctic locales. To alleviate this lack of soil thermal data we set out to combine in situ observed soil temperatures with MERRA-2 reanalysis data and Machine Learning (ML) to develop local and season-specific subsurface soil temperature predictions in Alaska. First, reanalysis features are selected based on surface energy budget physics. Coupled with Julian calendar dates, reanalysis features are preprocessed and then fed to the ML prediction model. We conducted a series of computational experiments and tested the results against performance benchmarks to determine the optimal prediction models, length of look-back period of model inputs, and the training set size. Six conventional ML models (e.g., GBDT, RF, SVR) and five statistical baselines (e.g. ARIMA) using in situ time series of soil temperature data ranging from 0 - 1 m depth are considered for the prediction task. The models are trained using in situ soil temperatures at depths between 0 and 1 m, spanning 16+ years, from field sites at Deadhorse and Toolik Lake, Alaska. All prediction performances are assessed using root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). Results show that locally trained ML models can estimate shallow soil temperatures with an average error of $$RMSE=1.308^{\circ }$$

R
M
S
E
=
1
.

308
∘

C.