bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymeric 3D printed structures for soft‐tissue engineering
Authors: Stratton Scott , Manoukian Ohan S. , Patel Ravi , Wentworth Adam , Rudraiah Swetha , Kumbar Sangamesh G. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThree‐dimensional (3D) printing, or rapid prototyping, is a fabrication technique that is used for various engineering applications with advantages such as mass production and fine tuning of spatial‐dimensional properties. Recently, this fabrication method has been adopted for tissue engineering applications due to its ability to finely tune porosity and create precise, uniform, and repeatable structures. This review aims to introduce 3D printing applications in soft‐tissue engineering and regenerative medicine including state‐of‐the‐art scaffolds and key future challenges. Furthermore, 3D printing of individual cells, an evolution of traditional 3D printing technology which represents a cutting‐edge technique for the creation of cell seeded scaffolds in vitro, is discussed. Key advances demonstrate the advantages of 3D printing, while also highlighting potential shortcomings to improve upon. It is clear that as 3D printing technology continues to develop, it will serve as a truly revolutionary means for fabrication of structures and materials for regenerative applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45569.
Comparison of molecular interactions of Ag2Te and CdTe quantum dots with human serum albumin by spectroscopic approaches
Authors: Xiao Qi , Liang Yu , Liu Yi , Lu Shuangyan , Huang Shan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAg2Te quantum dots (QDs) have attracted great attention in biological applications due to their superior photoluminescence qualities and good biocompatibility, but their potential biotoxicity at a molecular biology level has been rarely discussed. In order to better understand the basic behavior of Ag2Te QDs in biological systems and compare their biotoxicity to cadmium‐containing QDs, a series of spectroscopic measurements was applied to reveal the molecular interactions of Ag2Te QDs and CdTe QDs with human serum albumin (HSA). Ag2Te QDs and CdTe QDs statically quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA by electrostatic interactions, but Ag2Te QDs exhibited weaker quenching ability and weaker binding ability compared with CdTe QDs. Electrostatic interactions were the main binding forces and Sudlow's site I was the primary binding site during these binding interactions. Furthermore, micro‐environmental and conformational variations of HSA were induced by their binding interactions with two QDs. Ag2Te QDs caused less secondary structural and conformational change in HSA, illustrating the lower potential biotoxicity risk of Ag2Te QDs. Our results systematically indicated the molecular binding mechanism of Ag2Te QDs with HSA, which provided important information for possible toxicity risk of these cadmium‐free QDs to human health.
Perinatal western‐type diet and associated gestational weight gain alter postpartum maternal mood
Authors: Bolton Jessica L. , Wiley Melanie G. , Ryan Bailey , Truong Samantha , Strait Melva , Baker Dana Creighton , Yang Nancy Y. , Ilkayeva Olga , O'Connell Thomas M. , Wroth Shelley W. , Sánchez Cristina L. , Swamy Geeta , Newgard Christopher , Kuhn Cynthia , Bilbo Staci D. , Simmons Leigh Ann 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe role of perinatal diet in postpartum maternal mood disorders, including depression and anxiety, remains unclear. We investigated whether perinatal consumption of a Western‐type diet (high in fat and branched‐chain amino acids [BCAA]) and associated gestational weight gain (GWG) cause serotonin dysregulation in the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in postpartum depression and anxiety (PPD/A).MethodsMouse dams were fed one of four diets (high‐fat/high BCAA, low‐fat/high BCAA, high‐fat, and low‐fat) prior to mating and throughout gestation and lactation. Postpartum behavioral assessments were conducted, and plasma and brain tissues assayed. To evaluate potential clinical utility, we conducted preliminary human studies using data from an extant sample of 17 primiparous women with high GWG, comparing across self‐reported postpartum mood symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for percent GWG and plasma amino acid levels.ResultsMouse dams fed the high‐fat/high BCAA diet gained more weight per kcal consumed, and BCAA‐supplemented dams lost weight more slowly postpartum. Dams on BCAA‐supplemented diets exhibited increased PPD/A‐like behavior, decreased dopaminergic function, and decreased plasma tyrosine and histidine levels when assessed on postnatal day (P)8. Preliminary human data showed that GWG accounted for 29% of the variance in EPDS scores. Histidine was also lower in women with higher EPDS scores.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the role of perinatal diet and excess GWG in the development of postpartum mood disorders.
Reliability for Nanosafety Research – Considerations on the Basis of a Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Krug Harald Friedrich , Nau Katja 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAfter 15 years of intense research on the risks of nanomaterials, the evaluation of specific nanomaterials is still difficult. The more research is performed, the more studies which demonstrate critical effects of nanomaterials are published. In this regard, it should be noted that most published studies do not show usable toxicological results, although these are well‐cited as such and appear as headlines in the daily press. There is a lack of reliability of the scientific data, especially for nanosafety research. Here, this statement is illustrated by examples and solutions are shown.
Total synthesis and biological evaluation of spirotryprostatin A analogs
Authors: Ma Yangmin , Fan Chao , Jia Bin , Cheng Pei , Liu Jia , Ma Yuqiang , Qiao Ke 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBased on the spirotryprostatin A structure, a series of compounds belonging to spiro‐indolyl diketopiperazine structural class were designed and synthesized, which embody an oxindole with an all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter. The total synthesis can efficiently be accessed in a seven‐step reaction sequence with 18–28% overall yield from commercially available materials, and a highly enantioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, N‐acylation of the resulting stereochemically complex spiro[pyrrolidin‐3,3′‐oxindole]s core with Fmoc‐L‐pro‐Cl and spontaneous ring closure upon N‐deprotection were obtained. The synthesized compounds 13a–e and 15a–e were evaluated for their antibacterial activities. The result showed that compounds 13b and 15b were active only against Gram‐positive bacteria, and selective antibacterial activity was exhibited by compounds 13d and 13e against Streptococcus lactis. Further, all the remaining compounds showed a certain degree of antibacterial activity. In addition, the structure–activity relationship is also discussed.
Model Life Cycle in the Chemical Industry Using an Example of Virtual Commissioning
Authors: Yakut Nataliya , Krüning Kai , Foltin Gregor , Burger Jakob , Krauss Michael , Asprion Norbert , Bortz Michael , Roth Matthias 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn der industriellen Praxis werden in verschiedenen Phasen des Lebenszyklus einer Anlage unterschiedliche Simulationswerkzeuge eingesetzt. Momentan ist noch keine Durchgängigkeit dieser Werkzeuge gegeben. Besonders der Wiederverwendung von Modellen sind enge Grenzen gesetzt. Aus diesem Grunde wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit ein Verfahren entwickelt, das es ermöglicht, dynamische mid‐fidelity Modelle aus schon vorhandenen stationären rigorosen Modellen systematisch und mit geringem Aufwand zu erzeugen und sie später für die virtuelle Inbetriebnahme von Automatisierungsapplikationen einzusetzen.
Alveolar soft part sarcoma: A case report with emphasis on some unusual cytological features
Authors: Sood Neelam , Gulia Minakshi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlveolar soft part sarcoma is a very rare, slow growing highly angiogenic tumor with poor prognosis. Most common site in children and infants is head and neck region and in adults it most commonly occurs in extremities especially thigh. In our case study, an 8 years old female patient presented with a gradually progressive left shoulder lump. FNAC from the lesion showed cellular smears with polyhedral and spindly cells showing abundant finely vacuolated cytoplasm, nuclear pleomorphism, intranuclear pseudoinclusions, and few bare nuclei. Perivascular arrangement of cells was peculiar in addition to the presence of intracytoplasmic metachromatic PAS positive diastase resistant granules. A presumptive diagnosis of alveolar soft part sarcoma with differentials of granular cell tumor and PEComa was considered and the lesion was excised. Although the histopathological features were not characteristic (ie, showing mainly solid pattern without classic alveolar pattern), immunohistochemistry were diagnostic (negative for S 100, Desmin, Cytokeratin, EMA, and moderate to strong nuclear positivity for TFE3). Thus, the diagnosis of alveolar soft part sarcoma was established. This case is being presented for its rarity and unique cytological and histopathological features.
Highly Reversible Lithium Polysulfide Semiliquid Battery with Nitrogen‐Rich Carbon Fiber Electrodes
Authors: Guo Xin , Li Kefei , Bao Weizhai , Zhao Yufei , Xu Jing , Liu Hao , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFreestanding nitrogen‐doped carbon fiber (NCF) webs saturated with lithium polysulfide solution were prepared as semiliquid cathodes for lithium–sulfur batteries. The NCF webs not only facilitated the transportation of electrons and ions but also immobilized the polysulfide at the cathode side because of strong affinity between the polysulfide and the N‐doped carbon. As a result, these semiliquid cells demonstrated superior electrochemical performance at various current loads. A high reversible capacity of 900 mAh g−1 was achieved after 200 cycles at a current rate of 1 C.
Ramsey theory on Steiner triples
Authors: Granath Elliot , Gyárfás András , Hardee Jerry , Watson Trent , Wu Xiaoze 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe call a partial Steiner triple systemC(configuration)t‐Ramsey if for large enoughn(in terms of ), in everyt‐coloring of the blocks of any Steiner triple system STS(n) there is a monochromatic copy ofC. We prove that configurationCist‐Ramsey for everytin three cases:Cis acyclicevery block ofChas a point of degree oneChas a triangle with blocks 123, 345, 561 with some further blocks attached at points 1 and 4This implies that we can decide for all but one configurations with at most four blocks whether they aret‐Ramsey. The one in doubt is thesailwith blocks 123, 345, 561, 147.
Using interpersonal process recall to compare patients’ accounts of resistance in two psychotherapies for generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Morrison Nicholas R. , Constantino Michael J. , Westra Henny A. , Kertes Angela , Goodwin Brien J. , Antony Martin M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn a trial examining whether cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) could be improved by integrating motivational interviewing (MI) to target resistance, MI‐CBT outperformed CBT over 12‐month follow‐up (Westra, Constantino, & Antony, 2016). Given that effectively addressing resistance is both a theoretically and an empirically supported mechanism of MI's additive effect, we explored qualitatively patients’ experience of resistance, possibly as a function of treatment. For 5 patients from each treatment who exhibited early in‐session change ambivalence, and thus were at risk for later resistance, we conducted interpersonal process recall interviews after a session. Transcripts were analyzed with grounded theory and consensual qualitative research. A salient contrast in patient narratives was a sense of compliance engendered in standard CBT versus connection in MI‐CBT. Yet both narratives supported the superordinate category of resistance as an interpersonal process triggered by patient perceptions of therapist beliefs and behaviors. Findings contribute to the conceptualization of resistance from patients’ first‐hand accounts.
Effect of bimagrumab on thigh muscle volume and composition in men with casting‐induced atrophy
Authors: Rooks Daniel S. , Laurent Didier , Praestgaard Jens , Rasmussen Scott , Bartlett Michael , Tankó László B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatients experiencing disuse atrophy report acute loss of skeletal muscle mass which subsequently leads to loss of strength and physical capacity. In such patients, especially the elderly, complete recovery remains a challenge even with improved nutrition and resistance exercise. This study aimed to explore the clinical potential of bimagrumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting the activin type II receptor, for the recovery of skeletal muscle volume from disuse atrophy using an experimental model of lower extremity immobilization.MethodsIn this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, healthy young men (n = 24; mean age, 24.1 years) were placed in a full‐length cast of one of the lower extremities for 2 weeks to induce disuse atrophy. After cast removal, subjects were randomized to receive a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of either bimagrumab 30 mg/kg (n = 15) or placebo (n = 9) and were followed for 12 weeks. Changes in thigh muscle volume (TMV) and inter‐muscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) of the thigh, maximum voluntary knee extension strength, and safety were assessed throughout the 12 week study.ResultsCasting resulted in an average TMV loss of −4.8% and comparable increases in IMAT and SCAT volumes. Bimagrumab 30 mg/kg i.v. resulted in a rapid increase in TMV at 2 weeks following cast removal and a +5.1% increase above pre‐cast levels at 12 weeks. In comparison, TMV returned to pre‐cast level at 12 weeks (−0.1%) in the placebo group. The increased adiposity of the casted leg was sustained in the placebo group and decreased substantially in the bimagrumab group at Week 12 (IMAT: −6.6%, SCAT: −3.5%). Knee extension strength decreased by ~25% in the casted leg for all subjects and returned to pre‐cast levels within 6 weeks after cast removal in both treatment arms. Bimagrumab was well tolerated with no serious or severe adverse events reported during the study.ConclusionsA single dose of bimagrumab 30 mg/kg i.v. safely accelerated the recovery of TMV and reversal of accumulated IMAT following 2 weeks in a joint‐immobilizing cast.
Influence of scanning rate on quality of AFM image: Study of surface statistical metrics
Authors: Sobola Dinara , Ţălu Ştefan , Solaymani Shahram , Grmela Lubomír 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to study the dependence of AFM‐data reliability on scanning rate. The three‐dimensional (3D) surface topography of the samples with different micro‐motifs is investigated. The analysis of surface metrics for estimation of artifacts from inappropriate scanning rate is presented. Fractal analysis was done by cube counting method and evaluation of statistical metrics was carrying out on the basis of AFM‐data. Combination of quantitate parameters is also presented in graphs for every measurement. The results indicate that the sensitivity to scanning rate growths with fractal dimension of the sample. This approach allows describing the distortion of the images against scanning rate and could be applied for dependences on the other measurement parameters. The article explains the relevance and comparison of fractal and statistical surface parameters for characterization of data distortion caused by inappropriate choice of scanning rate.
Physico‐chemical and sensory characteristics of young dairy bull beef derived from two breed types across five production systems employing two first season feeding regimes
Authors: Nian Yingqun , Allen Paul , Prendiville Robert , Kerry Joseph P 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study aimed to assess the physico‐chemical and sensory characteristics of Longissimus thoracis muscle from young dairy bulls: Holstein‐Friesian (HF) and Jersey × Holstein‐Friesian (JEX). Bulls slaughtered at 15 months of age differed with respect to the finishing system, whereas 19‐month‐old bulls differed in energy consumption during a second grazing season and finishing period. All bulls were offered different diets during the first grazing season.RESULTSInsoluble and total collagen contents increased with slaughter age, whereas collagen solubility and hue angle reduced with age. Bulls fed a higher concentrate finishing diet held a longer beef flavour. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content and beef flavour score were enhanced by higher concentrate intake during the second season and finishing period. Beef from a higher forage diet displayed a more intense red colour and higher thawing loss. There was limited effect of silage finishing or first and second grazing season on quality traits. Beef from JEX breed had a higher IMF content, higher flavour, juiciness and texture‐related scores while lower moisture content compared to HF beef.CONCLUSIONThe eating quality of beef from young dairy bulls was generally good. Slaughter age and the energy level of diet had obvious effects on quality characteristics. Cross‐breeding Jersey with the HF breed can improve the beef quality of young dairy bulls. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Design optimization for clinical trials in early‐stage manifest Huntington's disease
Authors: Frost Chris , Mulick Amy , Scahill Rachael I. , Owen Gail , Aylward Elizabeth , Leavitt Blair R. , Durr Alexandra , Roos Raymund A. C. , Borowsky Beth , Stout Julie C. , Reilmann Ralf , Langbehn Douglas R. , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Sampaio Cristina ,   the TRACK‐HD Investigators
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to inform the design of randomized clinical trials in early‐stage manifest Huntington's disease through analysis of longitudinal data from TRACK‐Huntington's Disease (TRACK‐HD), a multicenter observational study.MethodsWe compute sample sizes required for trials with candidate clinical, functional, and imaging outcomes, whose aims are to reduce rates of change. The calculations use a 2‐stage approach: first using linear mixed models to estimate mean rates of change and components of variability from TRACK‐HD data and second using these to predict sample sizes for a range of trial designs.ResultsFor each outcome, the primary drivers of the required sample size were the anticipated treatment effect and the duration of treatment. Extending durations from 1 to 2 years yielded large sample size reductions. Including interim visits and incorporating stratified randomization on predictors of outcome together with covariate adjustment gave more modest, but nontrivial, benefits. Caudate atrophy, expressed as a percentage of its baseline, was the outcome that gave smallest required sample sizes.DiscussionHere we consider potential required sample sizes for clinical trials estimated from naturalistic observation of longitudinal change. Choice among outcome measures for a trial must additionally consider their relevance to patients and the expected effect of the treatment under study. For all outcomes considered, our results provide compelling arguments for 2‐year trials, and we also demonstrate the benefits of incorporating stratified randomization coupled with covariate adjustment, particularly for trials with caudate atrophy as the primary outcome. The benefits of enrichment are more debatable, with statistical benefits offset by potential recruitment difficulties and reduced generalizability. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Role of WNT10A in failure of tooth development in humans and zebrafish
Authors: Yuan Qiuping , Zhao Min , Tandon Bhavna , Maili Lorena , Liu Xiaoming , Zhang Anqi , Baugh Evan H. , Tran Tam , Silva Renato M. , Hecht Jacqueline T. , Swindell Eric C. , Wagner Daniel S. , Letra Ariadne 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundOligodontia is a severe form of tooth agenesis characterized by the absence of six or more permanent teeth. Oligodontia has complex etiology and variations in numerous genes have been suggested as causal for the condition.MethodsWe applied whole‐exome sequencing (WES) to identify the cause of oligodontia in a 9‐year‐old girl missing 11 permanent teeth. Protein modeling and functional analysis in zebrafish were also performed to understand the impact of identified variants on the phenotype.ResultsWe identified a novel compound heterozygous missense mutation in WNT10A (c.637G>A:p.Gly213Ser and c.1070C>T:p.Thr357Ile) as the likely cause of autosomal recessive oligodontia in the child. Affected residues are located in conserved regions and variants are predicted to be highly deleterious for potentially destabilizing the protein fold and inhibiting normal protein function. Functional studies in zebrafish embryos showed that wnt10a is expressed in the craniofacies at critical time points for tooth development, and that perturbations of wnt10a expression impaired normal tooth development and arrested tooth development at 5 days postfertilization (dpf). Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of additional tooth development genes were directly correlated with wnt10a expression; expression of msx1, dlx2b, eda, and axin2 was decreased upon wnt10a knockdown, and increased upon wnt10a overexpression.ConclusionsOur results reveal a novel compound heterozygous variant in WNT10A as pathogenic for oligodontia, and demonstrate that perturbations of wnt10a expression in zebrafish may directly and/or indirectly affect tooth development recapitulating the agenesis phenotype observed in humans.
The role of Bézier extraction in adaptive isogeometric analysis: Local refinement and hierarchical refinement
Authors: de Borst R. , Chen L. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWe present 2 adaptive refinement techniques, namely, adaptive local refinement and adaptive hierarchical refinement, for isogeometric analysis. An element‐wise point of view is adopted, exploiting Bézier extraction, which facilitates the implementation of adaptive refinement in isogeometric analysis. Locally refined and hierarchical T‐splines are used for the description of the geometry as well as for the approximation of the solution space in the analysis. The refinement is conducted with the aid of a subdivision operator, which is computed by again exploiting the Bézier extraction operator. The concept and algorithm of an element‐based adaptive isogeometric analysis are illustrated. Numerical examples are given to examine the accuracy, the convergence, and the condition number.
A quasi‐static discontinuous Galerkin configurational force crack propagation method for brittle materials
Authors: Bird Robert , Coombs Will , Giani Stefano 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a framework for r‐adaptive quasi‐static configurational force (CF) brittle crack propagation, cast within a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) symmetric interior penalty (SIPG) finite element scheme. Cracks are propagated in discrete steps, with a staggered algorithm, along element interfaces, which align themselves with the predicted crack propagation direction. The key novelty of the work is the exploitation of the DG face stiffness terms existing along element interfaces to propagate a crack in a mesh‐independent r‐adaptive quasi‐static fashion, driven by the CF at the crack tip. This adds no new degrees of freedom to the data structure. Additionally, as DG methods have element‐specific degrees of freedom, a geometry‐driven p‐adaptive algorithm is also easily included allowing for more accurate solutions of the CF on a moving crack front. Further, for nondeterminant systems, we introduce an average boundary condition that restrains rigid body motion leading to a determinant system. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that such a boundary condition has been described. The proposed formulation is validated against single and multiple crack problems with single‐ and mixed‐mode cracks, demonstrating the predictive capabilities of the method.