bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics, disposition, and biotransformation of the cardiac myosin inhibitor aficamten in humans
Authors: Xu Donghong , Divanji Punag , Griffith Adrienne , Sukhun Rajaa , Cheplo Kathleen , Li Jianlin , German Polina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAficamten, a cardiac myosin inhibitor, is being developed for the treatment of patients with symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The purpose of this study was to determine the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of aficamten. Eight healthy male participants received a single oral dose of 20 mg aficamten (containing approximately 100 μCi of radiocarbon). Blood, urine, and feces samples were collected up to a maximum of Day 26. The pharmacokinetics of aficamten were characterized by moderate absorption, with a median tmax of 2.0 h postdose. The median t1/2 of aficamten was 99.6 h with similar t1/2 observed for metabolites and total radioactivity in plasma and whole blood. The overall total recovery of administered total radioactivity was 89.7% with 57.7% of the dose recovered in feces and 32.0% in urine. The main circulating metabolites in plasma included monohydroxylated metabolites M1a (CK‐3834282) and M1b (CK‐3834283) accounting for 10.5% and 36.4% of the total radioactivity AUC both with a median tmax of 5 h. The other major plasma metabolite was M5 (an oxygen‐linked glucuronide conjugate of M1a), which accounted for 10.3% of the total plasma radioactivity exposure, with a tmax of 24 h. In urine, M5 was the most abundant metabolite with 8.02% total radioactive dose (TRD), followed by M1a and M1b with 6.16% and 2.85% TRD, respectively; however, there were no metabolites in urine observed at >10% of dose. The major metabolite in feces was M18 representing 44.1% of the radioactive dose. These findings indicated that aficamten was eliminated by metabolism, and to a minor extent, by fecal excretion of unchanged aficamten with renal excretion playing a minor role. Feces were the principal route of excretion of the radioactive dose.
Back Cover Image
Authors: Wang Zhicheng , Deng Yanan , Kang Yukun , Wang Yan , Bao Duanhong , Tan Yuchen , An Kang , Su Junhu 
Published: September 2024

Back Cover: The cover image is based on the article Impacts of climate change and human activities on three Glires pests of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau by Zhicheng Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8250. Image Credit: Junhu Su.
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First trial for the assimilation of radiance data from MTVZA‐GY on board the new Russian satellite meteor‐M N2‐2 in the CMA‐GFS 4D‐VAR system
Authors: Xiao Hongyi , Han Wei , Han Yang , Hu Hao , Shi Yining , Bai Yihong , Liu Yuanyuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Imaging/Sounding Microwave Radiometer–Improved (MTVZA‐GY) on board the Russian meteorological satellite, Meteor‐M N2‐2, launched in 2019, provides daily observations of Earth's atmosphere and surface from a polar orbit. Here, its performance in a numerical prediction model – the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System–Global Forecast System (CMA_GFS), which involves the Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System (ARMS) – was evaluated. After supplementing some lacking information during data preprocessing, the characteristics of all available channels (24 in total) were evaluated by comparison among channels, with background fields, and with similar active instruments in CMA‐GFS, as well as between different radiative transfer models. Failed calibration was found in all window channels. Scan position biases, ascending/descending biases, and striping noises were widely discovered in temperature‐sounding channels, as well as larger biases in humidity‐sounding channels. Following quality control and bias correction, only two temperature‐sounding channels were feasible for assimilation into CMA‐GFS within the observational errors calculated by the a posteriori verification scheme. A one‐month experiment confirmed that these two channels have positive impacts on the analysis of both thermal and dynamic fields, as well as short‐term weather forecasting in the Northern Hemisphere and tropics. Short‐term global forecasting of moderate rainfall was also improved. This work is a pioneering attempt at examining the potential and impacts of assimilating MTVZA‐GY in a numerical weather prediction model system. It also provides guidance for the manufacture and usage of the instruments that will be on board the three satellites planned for launch by the Russian Federation in the next three years.
Practicing mindfulness can foster monitoring and acceptance after experiencing negative affect
Authors: Wenzel Mario , Schumacher David , Rowland Zarah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough being mindful, that is, monitoring and accepting one's present feelings, has been shown to be associated with less current negative affect than distraction, acceptance is less endorsed after experiencing negative affect. Thus, acceptance, although effective, may not be endorsed when it is most needed, leading people to endorse other strategies such as distraction instead. In the present study, we examined whether a monitoring and acceptance induction in a laboratory setting (N = 258) and a monitoring and acceptance training in daily life (N = 125) increased acceptance (Study 1) and monitoring (Study 2) after experiencing negative affect. We found this to be the case: While participants in the control condition showed a significant negative association between prior negative affect and subsequent monitoring and acceptance, participants in the monitor and acceptance condition did not. Thus, even brief monitor and acceptance training is well suited to increasing the likelihood that individuals can monitor and accept their thoughts and feelings when confronted with strong emotions.
Interface‐Centric Strategies in Kesterite Solar Cells: Addressing Challenges, Solutions, and Future Directions for Efficient Solar‐Harvesting Technologies
Authors: Jagadish Kusuma , Rahane Ganesh K. , Kumar Boddeda Sai , Borkar Durgesh R. , Chordiya Kalyani , Kavanagh Seán R , Roy Anurag , Debnath Tushar , Kolekar Sadhu , Kahaly Mousumi Upadhyay , Mali Sawanta S. , Pal Shovon , Gasparini Nicola , Dubal Deepak P. , Rondiya Sachin R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs reserves of non‐renewable energy sources decline, the search for sustainable alternatives becomes increasingly critical. Next‐generation energy materials play a key role in this quest by enabling the manipulation of properties for effective energy solutions and understanding interfaces to enhance energy yield. Studying these interfaces is essential for managing charge transport in optoelectronic devices, yet it presents significant challenges. This review emphasizes the critical role of interfaces in kesterite solar cells (KSCs), focusing on interfacial architecture, carrier losses, and non‐radiative recombination. This review highlights the importance of addressing interface issues and utilizing advanced characterization tools to reveal interface properties. Current interface problems are addressed, recent advancements in interface engineering are summarized, and perspectives on future challenges and prospects are offered. The goal is to illuminate the nature of interfaces and tackle interface losses, which are crucial for improving device design and performance. Despite their pivotal role in device operation, comprehensive reviews on interfaces are lacking, underscoring the relevance of the work for researchers in material interfaces and device engineering. It is hoped that this article will spark interest and inspire further research into interface studies and the mitigation of interface losses.
Amorphous Structure Benefits in MgV2O4/V2O3 Composites for Zinc‐Ion Storage: An Integration of Computational and Experimental Studies
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Zhiwen , Ye Hang , Wei Mengdong , Gu Yaoyu , Qu Shaojie , Wang Yang , Hu Kuan , Zhao Junqi , Liu Chunsheng , Jia Dianzeng , Lin He 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the electrochemical properties of MgV2O4/V2O3 composites for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries (AZIBs) using both Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and experimental validation. DFT analysis reveals significant electron mobility and reactivity at the MgV2O4/V2O3 interface, enhancing Zn2+ storage capabilities. This theoretical prediction is confirmed experimentally by synthesizing a novel MgV2O4/V2O3 composite that demonstrates superior electrochemical performance compared to pristine phases. Notably, the transition of the MgV2O4/V2O3 composite into an amorphous structure during electrochemical cycling is pivotal, providing enhanced diffusion pathways and increased conductivity. The composite delivers a consistent specific capacity of 330.2 mAh g−1 over 50 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and maintains 152.7 mAh g−1 at an elevated current density of 20 A g−1 after 2000 cycles, validating the synergy between DFT insights and experimental outcomes, and underscoring the potential of amorphous structures in enhancing battery performance.
Design and Optimization of Iron‐Based Superionic‐Like Conductor Anode for High‐Performance Lithium/Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Zihao , Meng Yuanze , Wang Liying , Yang Xijia , Yang Yue , Li Xuesong , Jiang Yi , Gao Yang , Lü Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetal selenides have received extensive research attention as anode materials for batteries due to their high theoretical capacity. However, their significant volume expansion and slow ion migration rate result in poor cycling stability and suboptimal rate performance. To address these issues, the present work utilized multivalent iron ions to construct fast pathways similar to superionic conductors (Fe‐SSC) and introduced corresponding selenium vacancies to enhance its performance. Based on first‐principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, it is demonstrated that the addition of iron ions and the presence of selenium vacancies reduced the material's work function and adsorption energy, lowered migration barriers, and enhances the migration rate of Li+ and Na+. In Li‐ion half batteries, this composite material exhibites reversible capacity of 1048.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles and 483.6 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 after 1000 cycles. In Na‐ion half batteries, it is 687.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 200 cycles and 325.9 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 after 1000 cycles. It is proven that materials based on Fe‐SSC and selenium vacancies have great applications in both Li‐ion batteries and Na‐ion batteries.
Stimuli Behind SMEs' Export Decisions: Evidence From an Emerging Country During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Mercan Murat Anil , Keskin Halit , Kalaycıoğlu Ozan , Başar Doğan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTExecutive SummaryIn this study, we focus on small and medium enterprise management's motivations for exporting and the effects of the coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic on exports. Turkish firms registered as exporter companies in official export unions as of March 2022 were surveyed. A total of 17 questions were included in the survey: seven questions on proactive reasons, six questions on reactive reasons, and four questions regarding the pandemic. One‐way ANOVA was used for analyses. The results suggest that tax benefits are among the most important determinants of exporting for larger companies. Another important reason, according to managers, is that firms can achieve economies of scale through exporting. Additionally, our findings suggest that even if firms seek to take advantage of export opportunities created by the pandemic, exporting does not happen as expected. Our study makes several important contributions to the literature because it is the first to measure the effects of COVID‐19 on exporting from the perspective of managers. Additionally, we investigate the management's motivations for exporting using microdata from Türkiye.Managerial Implications of the StudyThis study shows the importance of the determinants of exports from a managerial perspective. Therefore, our study will be of great help to managers when they decide to start exporting. It also provides them with an opportunity to understand what other managers consider important in exports.Originality/ValueThis study provides information about the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on exporting from managers' perspectives and investigates management's motivations for exporting using microdata from Türkiye, which has not been previously studied.
Determining the optimal level and the effect of different zinc sources on performance, egg quality and the immune system of laying hens at the end of the production period
Authors: Alirezaei Shahraki Parva , Kheiri Farshid , Amanlou Hamid , Faghani Mostafa , Jalali Sayed Mohammad Ali 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundTrace elements, such as zinc, magnesium and copper, are essential for improving the performance and health of broiler breeders and the development of chicken embryos. These elements are integral to various proteins involved in metabolism, hormone secretion and the immune system, necessitating their inclusion in small amounts in poultry diets.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the optimal level and effect of different zinc sources on performance, egg quality and the immune system of laying hens at the end of the production period.MethodsThe experiment involved 520 Lohmann LSL laying hens, aged 80 weeks, divided into 13 treatments with 5 replications and 8 birds per replication. The hens were fed diets supplemented with 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg of zinc from various sources: mineral zinc oxide, mineral zinc sulphate, organic zinc chelated with glycine and organic zinc chelated with an organic acid. Key parameters measured included body weight, egg weight and immune response.ResultsThe basal diet contained 63.58 mg/kg of zinc, with the requirement per the Lohmann LSL guideline being 80 mg/kg. Zinc supplementation significantly increased body weight in the second month, with 80 mg/kg being the optimal dose. Zinc oxide notably increased egg weight compared to the control. The hens utilized zinc from all sources, resulting in weight gain and improved parameters such as egg quality. Immune parameters were also positively influenced by zinc supplementation.ConclusionsZinc supplementation at appropriate levels enhances the performance and egg quality of laying hens, particularly at the end of the production period. It improves bioavailability, enriches eggs and mitigates age‐related declines in productivity.
Impact of Mixing on the Signature of Combustor Defects
Authors: Ignatidis Panagiotis , von der Haar Henrik , Hennecke Christoph , Dinkelacker Friedrich 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDefects in the combustion chamber can negatively influence the performance of an aircraft engine and increase component stress in the turbine. One aim of the Collaborative Research Center 871 is to provide early prediction about the condition of the engine by analysing the signature of the exhaust gas jet. This includes the usage of machine learning techniques and helps to optimise maintenance times and to reduce costs. This topic is linked to the question, how defects in the combustion chamber affect the flow field and how the defect signature is mixed out in the hot gas path. Examples are shown for a simplified ring burning chamber, where several experimental and numerical studies have been done. Additionally, one failure case is described in detail here, where the methodology is applied to a real size gas turbine burning chamber and its subsequent turbine. Furthermore the diffusion theory is generalized to situations with complex geometrical boundary conditions, for instance from the turbine passage channel geometry. This approach is applied on the investigated example case and shows complex thermal diffusion coefficients, being in the order of 10,000–100,000 times larger than the molecular diffusion coefficient. Even these large values allow the determination of burning chamber defects from the exhaust flow pattern.
The Laws on Administrative Procedures
Authors: Kagami Keisuke , Hashimoto Masashi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter reviews the laws regulating administrative procedures in Japan. Through these laws, the government of Japan has established procedures for appropriate information management and the protection of the rights and interests of the public regarding administrative activities. We discuss the following major laws here: (1) the Public Records and Archives Management Act, (2) the Act on Access to Information Held by Administrative Organs, (3) the Act on the Protection of Personal Information, (4) the Administrative Procedure Act, and (5) the Administrative Complaint Review Act. We point out that these laws all entrust their operations to administrative organs and staff. This discretion has led to inappropriate acts by civil servants over recent years. Therefore, future reforms must focus on improving operations within administrative organs. This relates to having a functional management system and effective training methods, which belong to the realm of public administration. Therefore, although the practice and reform of these laws have traditionally been studied in administrative jurisprudence in Japan, we should develop relevant public administration-related literature as well.
Participatory Administration and Co-production
Authors: Yanagi Itaru 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn Japan, the relationship between the government and citizens and civil society organisations (CSOs) is particularly close for local governments. The institutions of direct democracy used traditionally tend to be utilised by citizens and CSOs who have opinions different from those of local government chief executives and assemblies. However, in some institutions, citizens do not have the final authority to make decisions. Even in institutions where citizens have the final authority to decide, the requirements for triggering them are strict or the topics are limited. However, many CSOs participate in the service delivery phase and the government supplements its scarce administrative resources by partnering with them. Since the 1990s, against rising civic activism and financial difficulties, the government has introduced co-production that actively encourages participation in the design of policies and the service delivery phase. This chapter describes the use of institutions of direct democracy and the situation of co-production in recent years and outlines CSOs as essential partners in co-production. This chapter also touches on the issues of accountability, transparency, and representation of participants concerning co-production, as well as declining political and group participation among citizens.
Public Management Reforms in Japan: With and After NPM
Authors: Kazama Norio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, I will verify public management reforms in Japan. From the second half of the 1990s until the beginning of the 2000s, at timing that was approximately ten years later than that of Anglo-Saxon countries, many reforms that were influenced by New Public Management (NPM) were conducted in Japan as well. I will describe the characteristics of Japan’s public administration by following the process by which central and local governments accepted the ideas that support NPM and the methods that have been developed by those ideas. In parallel with NPM, reforms based on different paradigms from NPM, such as the Neo-Weberian State (NWS) and New Public Governance (NPG), were also conducted. I would like to indicate the prospects for public management reforms in the post-NPM era by clarifying the fact that Japan’s public administration is forming a hybrid governance system in which different reform paradigms co-exist in multiple tiers.
Complementary Intergovernmental Relations in Educational Administration
Authors: Tokuhisa Kyoko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter will provide historical clarification on how the Japanese education system developed complementary relationships among different levels of government administration, namely, the Ministry of Education, prefectural boards of education, and municipal boards of education. In the process of modernization, the financial vulnerability of municipalities made it difficult to provide homogeneous compulsory education, even though it was expected. To improve this situation, the central government attempted to establish a subsidy system, and the prefectures conducted inspections to provide guidance and advice to teachers. In other words, an “interfusion-type” of intergovernmental relationship was needed to implement universal compulsory education.During the occupation, the GHQ intended educational reform to replace the education system that had been based on an interfused type of intergovernmental relationships with one based on separated type relationships. However, Japanese policymakers sought to maintain a complementary relationship by adding a Japanese interpretation of the American school board system. After the end of the occupation, various reforms were undertaken to standardize education under the division of roles and cooperative responsibilities between governments. As a result of these reforms, educational disparities based on geographical and socioeconomic factors were gradually eliminated as globally high standards of academic performance emerged.In recent years, however, this system has come under pressure to reform. Resistance within the education system is expected to impede fundamental reforms. Nevertheless, partial dysfunction can be confirmed by the presence of educational disparities, and overcoming these issues has become a significant challenge.
Dimuons from neutrino-nucleus collisions in the semi-inclusive DIS approach
Authors: Helenius Ilkka , Paukkunen Hannu , Yrjänheikki Sami 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculation of dimuon production in neutrino-nucleus collisions. This process is typically calculated by assuming it to be proportional to inclusive charm production, which requires an effective acceptance correction to take the experimental cuts on the decay-muon kinematics into account. Here, we instead compute the dimuon production cross section directly as a convolution of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering to produce charmed hadrons, and a decay function fitted to e+e− data to produce a muon from the charmed hadrons. The presented approach is in a good agreement with available experimental data and will serve as a starting point for higher-order QCD calculations without an external acceptance correction. The uncertainties arising from the decay function and scale dependence are sizeably smaller than those from the nuclear parton distribution functions. We also calculate the effective acceptances within our approach and compare them to those usually used in global fits of parton distribution functions, finding differences of the order of 10 %, depending on the kinematics, perturbative order, and applied parton distributions.
New asymptotically (anti)-de Sitter black holes in (super)gravity
Authors: Armas Jay , Nicosia Gianbattista-Piero 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We use the duality between gravitational dynamics and fluids living on dynamical surfaces carrying multiple charges, known as the blackfold approach, to perturbatively construct new asymptotically global (Anti)-de Sitter multi-spinning, non-extremal, multi-charged black holes in theories of higher-dimensional gravity minimally coupled to a dilaton and higher-form gauge fields in spacetime dimensions D ≥ 5, and new asymptotically AdSl × Sm black holes in type IIB and eleven-dimensional supergravity. These solutions include the generalisation of the Kerr-Newman solution to (A)dS carrying either electric or string charge, generalisations of black rings to higher-dimensions with 𝕊p × 𝕊n+1 horizon topology, static de Sitter solutions carrying arbitrary q-brane charge, as well as various asymptotically AdSl× Sm multi-charged and multi-spinning black hole solutions, some of which correspond to novel thermal states in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Super-Yang-Mills theory.