bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent cough in mild COVID‐19 successfully treated with chikujountanto, a traditional Kampo medicine: An observational cohort study
Authors: Chiba Satoru , Shinohara Kaoru 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) causes a variety of cough symptoms in the acute and chronic phases. Chikujountanto (CUT) is a Kampo formula administered for persistent cough, and previous pharmacological studies have suggested the anti‐inflammatory properties of the crude drugs that make up CUT. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CUT for COVID‐19‐associated cough.MethodsA total of 56 COVID‐19 patients without hypoxia or lung disease were prospectively enrolled, and were treated with antivirals in our adult‐fever clinic from September 2022 to November 2023. Ten consecutive patients with cough refractory to antivirals, an inhaled corticosteroid plus a long‐acting β2 agonist (ICS/LABA), and bronchodilators were divided into two groups; CUT or bakumondoto (BAK) was used three times a day for at least one week in combination with ICS/LABA. The differences between the two groups were evaluated using Fisher's exact test for the 2 × 2 contingency table.ResultsThe median age was 50 years (interquartile range 36–54 years). Only one (20%) of the five participants remained persistently coughing seven days after treatment in the CUT group, compared to 100% in the BAK group (p < 0.05). The cough score decreased from 2.7 ± 0.8 at baseline to 0.5 ± 0.4 one week after CUT administration (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis pilot study suggests that CUT could be a treatment option for persistent cough in patients with mild COVID‐19. More randomized clinical trials with larger samples are required to better evaluate CUT as an anti‐inflammatory drug for SARS‐CoV‐2.
No Risk, No Fun
Authors: Stoelinga Mariëlle 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of this tutorial is to explain to the formal methods community the area of risk management and its most prominent concepts: the definition of risk, strategies for managing risk, the risk management cycle, and the role of ISO standards.For each of these concepts, I explain how formal methods relate and contribute, making risk management more accountable: systematic, transparent, and quantitative. I will also argue that viewing Formal Methods through the lens of risk management, and making the relevance of formal methods in risk analysis explicit, helps our community to better communicate the merits of formal methods to industry.
Runtime Verification in Real-Time with the Copilot Language: A Tutorial
Authors: Perez Ivan , Goodloe Alwyn E. , Dedden Frank 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUltra-critical systems require high-level assurance, which cannot always be guaranteed at compile time. The use of runtime verification (RV) enables monitoring of these systems during runtime, to detect illegal states early and limit their potential consequences. This paper is a tutorial on RV using Copilot, an open-source runtime verification framework actively used by NASA to carry out experiments with robots and unmanned aerial vehicles. Copilot monitors are written in a compositional, stream-based language, which the framework automatically translates into real-time C code that satisfies static memory requirements suitable to run on embedded hardware. Copilot includes multiple libraries that extend the core functionality with higher-level constructs, Boyer-Moore majority voting, and a variety of Temporal Logics (TL), resulting in robust, high-level specifications that are easier to understand than their traditional counterparts.
Visualizing Game-Based Certificates for Hyperproperty Verification
Authors: Beutner Raven , Finkbeiner Bernd , Göbl Angelina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHyperproperties relate multiple executions of a system and are commonly used to specify security and information-flow policies. While many verification approaches for hyperproperties exist, providing a convincing certificate that the system satisfies a given property is still a major challenge. In this paper, we propose strategies as a suitable form of certificate for hyperproperties specified in a fragment of the temporal logic HyperLTL. Concretely, we interpret the verification of a HyperLTL property as a game between universal and existential quantification, allowing us to leverage strategies for the existential quantifiers as certificates. We present , a browser-based visualization tool that lets users interactively explore an (automatically synthesized) witness strategy by taking control over universally quantified executions.
Holographic reconstruction of flat spacetime
Authors: Hao Zezhuang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The flat/CFT dictionary between the bulk gravitational theory and boundary conformal field theory is systematically developed in this paper. Asymptotically flat spacetime is built up by asymptotically AdS hyperboloid slices in terms of Fefferman Graham coordinates together with soft modes propagating between different slices near the null boundary. Then we construct the flat holography dictionary based on studying the Einstein equation at zero and first order and it turns out that these correspond to the description of hard and soft sector for the field theory from the boundary point of view. The explicit expression for energy-stress tensor is also determined by performing holographic renormalisation on the Einstein Hilbert action. By studying the anomalies of the energy-stress tensor, we obtain the leading and subleading contribution to the central charge. Einstein equations in the bulk are related to the Ward identities of the boundary theory and we find that the boundary CFT energy-stress tensor is not conserved due to the existence of radiative soft modes which will generate the energy flow through the null boundary.
Phenotypic profiling of human induced regulatory T cells at early differentiation: insights into distinct immunosuppressive potential
Authors: Kattelus Roosa , Starskaia Inna , Lindén Markus , Batkulwar Kedar , Pietilä Sami , Moulder Robert , Marson Alexander , Rasool Omid , Suomi Tomi , Elo Laura L. , Lahesmaa Riitta , Buchacher Tanja 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in suppressing systemic effector immune responses, thereby preventing autoimmune diseases but also potentially contributing to tumor progression. Thus, there is great interest in clinically manipulating Tregs, but the precise mechanisms governing in vitro-induced Treg (iTreg) differentiation are not yet fully understood. Here, we used multiparametric mass cytometry to phenotypically profile human iTregs during the early stages of in vitro differentiation at single-cell level. A panel of 25 metal-conjugated antibodies specific to markers associated with human Tregs was used to characterize these immunomodulatory cells. We found that iTregs highly express the transcription factor FOXP3, as well as characteristic Treg-associated surface markers (e.g. CD25, PD1, CD137, CCR4, CCR7, CXCR3, and CD103). Expression of co-inhibitory factors (e.g. TIM3, LAG3, and TIGIT) increased slightly at late stages of iTreg differentiation. Further, CD103 was upregulated on a subpopulation of iTregs with greater suppressive capacity than their CD103− counterparts. Using mass-spectrometry-based proteomics, we showed that sorted CD103+ iTregs express factors associated with immunosuppression. Overall, our study highlights that during early stages of differentiation, iTregs resemble memory-like Treg features with immunosuppressive activity, and provides opportunities for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying Treg function.
The ambiguity-resolved detector: a detector for the mixed-integer GNSS model
Authors: Teunissen P. J. G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this contribution, we introduce the ambiguity-resolved (AR) detector and study its distributional characteristics. The AR-detector is a new detector that lies in between the commonly used ambiguity-float (AF) and ambiguity-known (AK) detectors. As the ambiguity vector can seldomly be known completely, usage of the AK-detector is questionable as reliance on its distributional properties will then generally be incorrect. The AR-detector resolves the shortcomings of the AK-detector by treating the ambiguities as unknown integers. We show how the detector improves upon the AF-detector, and we demonstrate that the, for ambiguity-resolved parameter estimation, commonly required extreme success rates can be relaxed for detection, thus showing that improved model validation is also possible with smaller success rates. As such, the AR-detector is designed to work for mixed-integer GNSS models.
An Optimal Multibarrier Strategy for a Singular Stochastic Control Problem with a State-Dependent Reward
Authors: Junca Mauricio , Moreno-Franco Harold A. , Pérez Jose-Luis 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe consider a singular control problem that aims to maximize the expected cumulative rewards, where the instantaneous returns depend on the state of a controlled process. The contributions of this paper are twofold. Firstly, to establish sufficient conditions for determining the optimality of the one-barrier strategy when the uncontrolled process X follows a spectrally negative Lévy process with a Lévy measure defined by a completely monotone density. Secondly, to verify the optimality of the $$(2n+1)$$

(
2
n
+
1
)

-barrier strategy when X is a Brownian motion with a drift. Additionally, we provide an algorithm to compute the barrier values in the latter case.
Treatment patterns and burden of infection in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and secondary immunodeficiency: a retrospective database study
Authors: Siffel Csaba , Richter Joshua , Anderson-Smits Colin , Kamieniak Marta , Ren Kaili , Shah Drishti , Davids Matthew S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPatients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and secondary immunodeficiency disease (SID) are susceptible to severe, recurrent, or persistent infections. This retrospective cohort study assessed the burden of infection in patients with CLL/SLL with and without SID, and in immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT)-treated and -untreated patients with CLL/SLL and SID. Anonymized data from the US Optum-Humedica database (Oct-1-2015–Mar-10-2020) were used. Eligible patients aged ≥ 18 years with a confirmed CLL/SLL diagnosis were assigned to cohorts (SID or no-SID) using an algorithm based on serum IgG levels < 5.0 g/L, hypogammaglobulinemia diagnosis codes, and ≥ 1 major infection. A further sub-categorization was made based on patients with SID who received IgRT and those who did not. During 12-month follow-up, patients with CLL/SLL and SID were significantly more likely to experience infections (70.1% vs. 30.4%), including severe bacterial infections (39.8% vs. 9.2%), and infections requiring hospitalization (27.7% vs. 5.8%) than patients without SID. The use of anti-infectives and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) was also higher in the SID cohort versus the no-SID cohort. Overall survival was shorter in patients with SID than those without (12.3 vs. 16.9 months). In patients with CLL/SLL and SID, burden of infection and HCRU were greater in IgRT-treated patients than in no-IgRT patients, potentially highlighting the IgRT-treated cohort as a more vulnerable population. Increasing understanding of SID burden may help to improve outcomes in patients with CLL/SLL. Further research is needed to develop guidance for IgRT use and to assess the benefits of IgRT in this vulnerable population.
Dyadische Gruppenpsychotherapie bei demenzieller Entwicklung
Authors: Geschke Katharina , Wuttke Alexandra 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zu Beginn einer demenziellen Entwicklung verändert sich das Beziehungsgefüge zu den engsten Angehörigen häufig in eine ungünstige Richtung. Hier setzen dyadische Interventionen an, um Menschen mit demenzieller Entwicklung und ihre Angehörigen auf Augenhöhe gemeinsam zu behandeln und gemeinsam die Weichen für eine gelingende Bewältigung der mit der Demenzentwicklung einhergehenden Veränderungen im Alltag zu stellen.

Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung)
Ausgehend von allgemeinen dyadischen Interventionen ist das Ziel dieser Arbeit, Hintergrundwissen zu dyadischen Gruppenpsychotherapien bei demenzieller Entwicklung zu vermitteln und die aktuelle Evidenz zusammenzufassen.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche zu dyadischen Gruppenpsychotherapien bei demenzieller Entwicklung. Anschließend wurde die relevante Literatur narrativ zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse
Dyadische Gruppeninterventionen sind aktuell von einer großen Heterogenität hinsichtlich Rational und Inhalt gekennzeichnet. Auch die in Studien verwendeten Outcome-Maße sind bisher sehr uneinheitlich. Rein psychotherapeutische dyadische Gruppeninterventionen spielen noch eine untergeordnete Rolle neben psychosozialen Interventionen wie musik-, bewegungs- und kunstbasierten Ansätzen. Dennoch stimmen die Ergebnisse optimistisch, dass dyadische Gruppenpsychotherapien einen positiven Effekt erzielen können.

Diskussion
Um dyadische Gruppenpsychotherapien als evidenzbasierten Ansatz empfehlen und den Mehrwert gegenüber psychosozialen und Einzelansätzen absichern zu können, müssen diese konzeptuell besser eingeordnet werden. Diese konzeptuelle Arbeit ist nötig, um Wirkfaktoren und Wirkmodelle zu entwickeln, die in randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien mit sinnvollen Nachbeobachtungszeiträumen überprüft werden können.
Walk this way: modeling foraging ant dynamics in multiple food source environments
Authors: Hartman Sean , Ryan Shawn D. , Karamched Bhargav R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractForaging for resources is an essential process for the daily life of an ant colony. What makes this process so fascinating is the self-organization of ants into trails using chemical pheromone in the absence of direct communication. Here we present a stochastic lattice model that captures essential features of foraging ant dynamics inspired by recent agent-based models while forgoing more detailed interactions that may not be essential to trail formation. Nevertheless, our model’s results coincide with those presented in more sophisticated theoretical models and experiments. Furthermore, it captures the phenomenon of multiple trail formation in environments with multiple food sources. This latter phenomenon is not described well by other more detailed models. We complement the stochastic lattice model by describing a macroscopic PDE which captures the basic structure of lattice model. The PDE provides a continuum framework for the first-principle interactions described in the stochastic lattice model and is amenable to analysis. Linear stability analysis of this PDE facilitates a computational study of the impact various parameters impart on trail formation. We also highlight universal features of the modeling framework that may allow this simple formation to be used to study complex systems beyond ants.
Diabetes in axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Gumber Leher , Samarasinghe Harini , Gladston Praveen , Moorthy Arumugam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAxial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory condition with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diabetes is a well-established risk factor for CVD and stroke. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to: (i) identify the prevalence of diabetes in axSpA and (ii) compare the risk of diabetes in patients with axSpA and without. A comprehensive literature search was performed for articles published between 1 January 2000 and 15 November 2023 using Medline, Embase and Scopus (PROSPERO: CRD42023482573). Observational studies reporting prevalence, incidence or risk of diabetes in axSpA were included. Search results were independently screened by at least two reviewers. Quality of included studies were assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tool. Study-specific proportions and odds ratios (OR) were combined in a random-effects meta-analysis. 2257 articles were identified from database searching from which 23 studies were included for analysis amounting to a combined sample size of 65 025 patients. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in people with axSpA was 7.0% (95% CI 5.9–8.0%; predictive interval 2.4–12.9%; p < 0.001). The funnel plot was symmetric suggesting no small-study effects (I2 = 98.1% (95% CI 0.05–0.08), τ2 = 0.02; p < 0.001). Comparing patients with axSpA to those without, the pooled OR was 1.29 (95% CI 1.10–1.52; predictive interval 0.76–2.22; p = 0.001) for diabetes. The study suggests an increased prevalence and probably an increased risk of diabetes in people with axSpA. Routine screening for diabetes and lifestyle modifications should be encouraged in this cohort.
Quantifying the internal and external drivers of Southeast Asian rainfall extremes on decadal timescales
Authors: Wang Shouyi , Ummenhofer Caroline C. , Murty Sujata A. , Nguyen Hung T. T. , Buckley Brendan M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRainfall over mainland Southeast Asia experiences variability on seasonal to decadal timescales in response to a multitude of climate phenomena. Historical records and paleoclimate archives that span the last millennium reveal extreme multi-year rainfall variations that significantly affected the societies of mainland Southeast Asia. Here we utilize the Community Earth System Model Last Millennium Ensemble (CESM-LME) to quantify the contributions of internal and external drivers to decadal-scale rainfall extremes in the Southeast Asia region. We find that internal variability was dominant in driving both Southeast Asian drought and pluvial extremes on decadal timescales although external forcing impacts are also detectable. Specifically, rainfall extremes are more sensitive to Pacific Ocean internal variability than the state of the Indian Ocean. This discrepancy is greater for droughts than pluvials which we suggest is attributable to external forcing impacts that counteract the forced Indian Ocean teleconnections to Southeast Asia. Volcanic aerosols, the most effective radiative forcing during the last millennium, contributed to both the Ming Dynasty Drought (1637–1643) and the Strange Parallels Drought (1756–1768). From the Medieval Climate Anomaly to the Little Ice Age, we observe a shift in Indo-Pacific teleconnection strength to Southeast Asia consistent with enhanced volcanism during the latter interval. This work not only highlights asymmetries in the drivers of rainfall extremes but also presents a framework for quantifying multivariate drivers of decadal-scale variability and hydroclimatic extremes.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 adult surveillance form for Austria
Authors: Sunder-Plassmann Vincent , Azizi Amedeo A. , Farschtschi Said , Gruber Robert , Hutterer Markus , Ladurner Viktoria , Röhl Claas , Welponer Tobias , Bergmeister-Berghoff Anna-Sophie 
Published: September 2024

Summary
Background
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a rare autosomal dominant tumor predisposition syndrome with a birth prevalence of approximately 1 in 2000–3000 individuals. Management of both benign and malignant tumors arising in individuals with NF1 is demanding and tumors may be difficult to treat. Both standardized and individual surveillance programs are therefore highly important to prevent morbidity and mortality in patients with NF1.

Methods
The guidelines for the clinical management of NF1 recently proposed by the European Reference Network for Genetic Tumor Risk Syndromes provide the cornerstone of the present surveillance form and were discussed through three rounds of voting and a final consensus meeting involving experts from five Austrian and one German clinical NF1 centers for adults and one patient organization representative. Subsequently, 31 items within 4 categories were integrated into the proposed surveillance form for Austria. All recommendations, unless otherwise specified, pertain to primarily asymptomatic patients in routine follow-up.

Recommendations
At healthcare transition from pediatric to adult surveillance or the initial visit in adulthood, we suggest a thorough clinical, laboratory and radiological examination to obtain a baseline for future diagnostics. To comply with the general screening recommendations in Austria, we suggest extending the frequency of clinical visits from annual to biennial at 50 years of age. In cases of clinical dynamics, early follow-up is recommended to facilitate early detection of potential complications. Particular emphasis should be placed on preventive patient education.
Mutual estimates of time-frequency representations and uncertainty principles
Authors: Albanese Angela A. , Mele Claudio , Oliaro Alessandro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper we give different estimates between Lebesgue norms of quadratic time-frequency representations. We show that, in some cases, it is not possible to have such bounds in classical $$L^p$$

L
p

spaces, but the Lebesgue norm needs to be suitably weighted. This leads to consider weights of polynomial type, and, more generally, of ultradifferentiable type, and this, in turn, gives rise to use as functional setting the ultradifferentiable classes. As applications of such estimates we deduce uncertainty principles both of Donoho-Stark type and of local type for representations.
Principles of robot-assisted colorectal surgery
Authors: Bittermann C. , Berlet M. , Wilhelm D. 
Published: September 2024

Summary
Background
Robotic-assisted surgery is gaining popularity and is about to become the leading principle for less invasive procedures in colorectal diseases. Despite the great achievements made in terms of robotic technology and the high ergonomics that current systems offer, the application of these devices still places special demands on the user and requires comprehensive training and knowledge.

Methods
This review article combines recommendations from the current literature with personal experience in performing robotic interventions and supplements these with expert knowledge derived from scientific conferences and peer-to-peer meetings.

Results
The two essential aspects of robotic surgery are case-related planning and standardization of the technique, which both consider the special technical possibilities and limitations of the systems used. The article provides comprehensive recommendations in this regard and discusses the essential steps of left- and right-sided interventions.

Conclusion
This article is aimed at surgeons performing their first robot-assisted procedures in colorectal surgery and aims to help them to optimize their own approach, but it might also feature interesting insights for persons already trained in robotic colorectal surgery.
What Does Research Say About the Science of Reading for K-5 Multilingual Learners? A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Kittle Jonathan M. , Amendum Steven J. , Budde Christina M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe science of reading (SOR) refers to the sum of what we know about how people learn to read based on empirical studies across multiple disciplines. The purpose of this review was to identify research evidence to inform the SOR for multilingual learners (MLs). We reviewed 30 systematic reviews related to reading and reading instruction for MLs conducted primarily in K-5 U.S. classrooms. Results identified four broad clusters of components related to English reading comprehension as well as instructional practices and programs effective in addressing each component. Clusters included oral language, phonological awareness, decoding and oral reading fluency, and reading comprehension. Notably, oral language and reading skills in both MLs’ first language and in English were essential components of the SOR for MLs. Implications for theory and research as well as policy, curriculum, and instruction are provided.