bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced regional cerebral blood flow in patients with heart failure
Authors: Roy Bhaswati , Woo Mary A. , Wang Danny J.J. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Harper Ronald M. , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) patients show significant lateralized neural injury, accompanied by autonomic, mood and cognitive deficits. Both gray and white matter damage occurs and probably develops from altered cerebral blood flow (CBF), a consequence of impaired cardiac output. However, the distribution of regional CBF changes in HF patients is unknown, but is an issue in determining mechanisms of neural injury. Our aim was to compare regional CBF changes in HF with CBF in control subjects using non‐invasive pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labelling (ASL) procedures.Methods and resultsWe collected pseudo‐continuous ASL data from 19 HF patients [mean age 55.5 ± 9.1 years; mean body mass index 27.7 ± 5.3 kg/m2; 13 male) and 29 control subjects (mean age 51.4 ± 5.3 years; mean body mass index 25.7 ± 3.6 kg/m2; 18 male), using a 3.0‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Whole‐brain CBF maps were calculated, normalized to a common space, smoothed and compared between groups using ANCOVA (covariates; age, gender and gray matter volume). Reduced CBF appeared in multiple sites in HF patients in comparison with controls, with principally lateralized lower flow in temporal, parietal and occipital regions. Areas with decreased CBF included the bilateral prefrontal, frontal, temporal and occipital cortex, thalamus, cerebellum, corona radiate, corpus callosum, hippocampus and amygdala.ConclusionsHeart failure patients showed lower, and largely lateralized, CBF in multiple autonomic, mood and cognitive regulatory sites. The reduced CBF is likely to contribute to the lateralized brain injury, leading to the autonomic and neuropsychological deficits found in the condition.
Improved ALE mesh velocities for complex flows
Authors: Bakosi Jozsef , Waltz Jacob , Morgan Nathaniel 
Published: May 2017

SummaryA key choice in the development of arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian solution algorithms is how to move the computational mesh. The most common approaches are smoothing and relaxation techniques, or to compute a mesh velocity field that produces smooth mesh displacements. We present a method in which the mesh velocity is specified by the irrotational component of the fluid velocity as computed from a Helmholtz decomposition, and excess compression of mesh cells is treated through a noniterative, local spring‐force model. This approach allows distinct and separate control over rotational and translational modes. The utility of the new mesh motion algorithm is demonstrated on a number of 3D test problems, including problems that involve both shocks and significant amounts of vorticity.
Occurrence of BAP1 germline mutations in cutaneous melanocytic tumors with loss of BAP1‐expression: A pilot study
Authors: Cabaret Odile , Perron Emilie , Bressac‐ de Paillerets Brigitte , Soufir Nadem , de la Fouchardière Arnaud 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMelanocytic BAP1‐associated intradermal tumors (MBAITs) can either be sporadic or associated with a cancer‐predisposition syndrome. In this study we explored the clinical status of 136 patients in which at least one MBAIT was found. 49/136 (36%) of them gave their signed consent for an oncogenetic BAP1 blood test. 28/136 patients (20%) diagnosed with an MBAIT had other MBAITs and/or a personal or familial history of BAP1‐related cancers that could clinically designate them as potential carriers of a BAP1 germline mutation. 17 of these 28 patients underwent oncogenetic testing. A deleterious mutation of BAP1 was confirmed in 12/17 cases. 4/17 cases were wild‐type; all had a single MBAIT and a history of skin melanoma. A variant of unknown significance was found in one case with multiple MBAITs. Among the 12 mutated cases, multiple MBAITs were present in 10/12 cases and were the only clinical sign in 4/12 cases. The remaining 32/49 blood‐tested cases with an isolated MBAIT were wild type for BAP1 in 25/32 cases or showed a variant of unknown significance in 7/32 cases. We recommend, following the diagnosis of a MBAIT, performing a BAP1 immunohistochemistry in all other cutaneous melanocytic tumors removed previously or simultaneously and all skin melanomas. This screening could help clinicians prioritize which patients would most benefit from oncogenetic testing.
Decreasing hazards ofAlzheimer's disease with the use of antidepressants: mitigating the risk of depression and apolipoproteinE
Authors: Burke Shanna L. , Maramaldi Peter , Cadet Tamara , Kukull Walter 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, manifesting in clinically observable deficits in memory, thinking, and behavior that disproportionately affects older adults. Susceptibility genes, such as apolipoprotein ε4, have long been associated with an increased risk of AD diagnosis. Studies have shown associations between depression and increased risk of AD development. Furthermore, findings from previous investigations suggest mixed effects in the use of psychotropic medication in older adults. The hypothesis for this study is that antidepressant use modifies the increased hazard of depression or such that a non‐significant hazard will result with respect to eventual AD development.MethodsUtilizing data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, we examined evaluations of 11,443 cognitively intact participants. Survival analysis was used to explore relationships between depression, apolipoprotein E, AD diagnosis, and antidepressant use.ResultsAn analytical sample of 8732 participants with normal cognition was examined. Among users of antidepressant medication, the hazard, in most cases, was no longer statistically significant. One generic medication showed protective benefits for users (p < 0.001). In addition, there was a statistically significant relationship between recent depression (n = 2083;p < 0.001), lifetime depression (n = 2068;p < 0.05), and ε4 carrier status (n = 2470;p < 0.001) and AD development.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that a mechanism related to antidepressant use may reduce the hazard of eventual AD. Furthermore, the findings reinforce the association between depression, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, and AD diagnosis. This study contributes to the emerging literature exploring interventions aimed at decreasing the risk of AD by targeting potentially modifiable psychosocial risk factors such as depression. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In child and adult migraineurs the somatosensory cortex stands out … again: An arterial spin labeling investigation
Authors: Youssef Andrew M. , Ludwick Allison , Wilcox Sophie L. , Lebel Alyssa , Peng Ke , Colon Elisabeth , Danehy Amy , Burstein Rami , Becerra Lino , Borsook David 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOver the past decade, human brain imaging investigations have reported altered regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the interictal phase of migraine. However, there have been conflicting findings across different investigations, making the use of perfusion imaging in migraine pathophysiology more difficult to define. These inconsistencies may reflect technical constraints with traditional perfusion imaging methods such as single‐photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography. Comparatively, pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) is a recently developed magnetic resonance imaging technique that is noninvasive and offers superior spatial resolution and increased sensitivity. Using pCASL, we have previously shown increased rCBF within the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in adult migraineurs, where blood flow was positively associated with migraine frequency. Whether these observations are present in pediatric and young adult populations remains unknown. This is an important question given the age‐related variants of migraine prevalence, symptomology, and treatments. In this investigation, we used pCASL to quantitatively compare and contrast blood flow within S1 in pediatric and young adult migraineurs as compared with healthy controls. In migraine patients, we found significant resting rCBF increases within bilateral S1 as compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, within the right S1, we report a positive correlation between blood flow value with migraine attack frequency and cutaneous allodynia symptom profile. Our results reveal that pediatric and young adult migraineurs exhibit analogous rCBF changes with adult migraineurs, further supporting the possibility that these alterations within S1 are a consequence of repeated migraine attacks. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4078–4087, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Network component analysis reveals developmental trajectories of structural connectivity and specific alterations in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ball Gareth , Beare Richard , Seal Marc L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe structural organization of the brain can be characterized as a hierarchical ensemble of segregated modules linked by densely interconnected hub regions that facilitate distributed functional interactions. Disturbances to this network may be an important marker of abnormal development. Recently, several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have been framed as disorders of connectivity but the full nature and timing of these disturbances remain unclear. In this study, we use non‐negative matrix factorization, a data‐driven, multivariate approach, to model the structural network architecture of the brain as a set of superposed subnetworks, or network components. In an openly available dataset of 196 subjects scanned between 5 and 85 years we identify a set of robust and reliable subnetworks that develop in tandem with age and reflect both anatomically local and long‐range, network hub connections. In a second experiment, we compare network components in a cohort of 51 high‐functioning ASD adolescents to a group of age‐matched controls. We identify a specific subnetwork representing an increase in local connection strength in the cingulate cortex in ASD (t = 3.44, P < 0.001). This work highlights possible long‐term implications of alterations to the developmental trajectories of specific cortical subnetworks. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4169–4184, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Current trends and future perspectives of dental pulp capping materials: A systematic review
Authors: da Rosa Wellington L. O. , Cocco Alexandra R. , Silva Tiago M. da , Mesquita Luana C. , Galarça Arthur Dias , Silva Adriana F. da , Piva Evandro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo systematically review the literature to analyze the current trends and future perspectives of dental pulp capping materials through an analysis of scientific and technological data. This study is reported in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. Nine databases were screened: PubMed (MedLine), Lilacs, IBECS, BBO, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Google Scholar, and The Cochrane Library. Additionally, the following patent applications were searched online in Questel Orbit (Paris, France), USPTO, EPO, JPO, INPI, and Patentscope databases. A total of 716 papers and 83 patents were included. Calcium hydroxide was the main type of material studied, especially for direct pulp capping, followed by MTA. Patents related to adhesives or resins increased from 1998 e 2008, while in the last years, a major increase was observed in bioactive materials (containing bioactive proteins), materials derived from MTA (calcium silicate, calcium phosphate and calcium aluminate‐based cements) and MTA. It was possible to obtain a scientific and technological overview of pulp capping materials. MTA has shown favorable results in vital pulp therapy that seem to surpass the disadvantages of calcium hydroxide. Recent advances in bioactive materials and those derived from MTA have shown promising results that could improve biomaterials used in vital pulp treatments. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1358–1368, 2018.
A Large‐Scale Study of Misophonia
Authors: Rouw Romke , Erfanian Mercede 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveWe aim to elucidate misophonia, a condition in which particular sounds elicit disproportionally strong aversive reactions.MethodA large online study extensively surveyed personal, developmental, and clinical characteristics of over 300 misophonics.ResultsMost participants indicated that their symptoms started in childhood or early teenage years. Severity of misophonic responses increases over time. One third of participants reported having family members with similar symptoms. Half of our participants reported no comorbid clinical conditions, and the other half reported a variety of conditions. Only posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was related to the severity of the misophonic symptoms. Remarkably, half of the participants reported experiencing euphoric, relaxing, and tingling sensations with particular sounds or sights, a relatively unfamiliar phenomenon called autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR).ConclusionIt is unlikely that another “real” underlying clinical, psychiatric, or psychological disorder can explain away the misophonia. The possible relationship with PTSD and ASMR warrants further investigation.
Impact of sea breeze penetration over urban areas on midsummer temperature distributions in the Tokyo Metropolitan area
Authors: Yamato Hiroaki , Mikami Takehiko , Takahashi Hideo 
Published: May 2017

We investigate the relationship between sea breeze penetration and anomalously high summer daytime temperatures in the inland suburbs of Tokyo, with consideration of the relative position of sea breeze fronts. We use data from the high‐density temperature observation network (Extended‐METROS) established by our research group to clarify in detail the mechanisms creating these high‐temperature areas.We conducted case and composite analyses of the temperature and wind distributions when typical sea breeze fronts developed. The observations showed that the highest temperatures were near Kawagoe City in the early afternoon, which is 40 km leeward of central Tokyo, on all days analysed, and that the high‐temperature inland areas were located leeward of Tokyo. The high temperatures near Kawagoe City were not observed by the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS). From the case and composite analyses, there was a 2‐h time lag between the sea breeze front penetrating the area leeward of Tokyo and extreme high temperatures being observed around Kawagoe City. Significant divergence was also observed during this time, and a decrease in the dew point temperature was also observed around Kawagoe City on the case study day; these conditions persisted for approximately 2 h. These results suggest the existence of a subsidence flow near Kawagoe City, and the resulting adiabatic compression heating contributed to the observed extreme high temperatures. In the late evening, a high‐temperature band was observed leeward of the northern suburbs of Tokyo, even though southerly sea breezes were recorded over the entire Kanto Plain, and cold advection dominated at that time. However, the cold advection in this high‐temperature band was less notable than in the periphery. Thus, temperature declines were small in this area, and overall temperatures remained relatively high.
The contribution of human migration to tourism: The VFR travel between the EU28 member states
Authors: Provenzano Davide , Baggio Rodolfo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study explores the correlation between human migration and that part of tourism due to people visiting friends and relatives in a foreign country. We first compared the network structure of migration stocks and tourism flows between the 28 member countries of the European Union over the period 2000–2012. Then, we performed several econometric analyses to study the main tourism determinants and the correlations between migration to tourism. The paper derives from the discussion of the results an estimate of the contribution to the overall tourism phenomenon due to visiting friends and relatives. Complex network analysis and gravity models were the investigation methods preferred.
Adjunct steroids in the treatment of peritonsillar abscess: A systematic review
Authors: Hur Kevin , Zhou Sheng , Kysh Lynn 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThis study systematically reviews the existing literature on the efficacy of adjuvant corticosteroids in improving clinical outcomes after peritonsillar abscess (PTA) drainage.Study DesignSystematic review.MethodsWe performed a literature search of MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to June 2016. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating adjuvant corticosteroids after PTA drainage. Data were systematically collected on study design, patient demographics, and clinical characteristics. Two independent investigators reviewed all manuscripts and summarized the data.ResultsThree RCTs comprising 153 patients were included. The results were not pooled due to heterogeneity in the method in which outcomes were measured and reported. The trials also varied on the type of steroid (dexamethasone, methylprednisolone) administered and method of drainage (incision, aspiration). All three RCTs reported statistically significant improvement in body temperature from adjuvant steroid administration compared to placebo. Pain scores, mouth opening, time to painless oral intake, and duration of hospitalization were significantly improved in only one or two of the three RCTs between the steroid and control group. No adverse side effects from steroid administration were reported.ConclusionsSteroids as an adjunct therapy to the treatment of PTA may result in faster recovery. However, further investigation with larger RCTs and standardized outcomes are warranted.Level of Evidence1a. Laryngoscope, 128:72–77, 2018
Inferior thyroid artery ligation increases hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sanabria Alvaro , Kowalski Luiz P. , Tartaglia Francesco 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of truncal ligation of the inferior thyroid artery in comparison with ligation of secondary branches as a risk factor for postoperative hypocalcemia.Data SourcesA search was conducted using the Medical Subject Headings and free‐text terms “thyroid*” and “truncal ligation*” in PubMed Central, PubMed, Embase, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases for trials published between January 1985 and October 2016. A Google search with the same terms, and a “snowball” approach was designed to retrieve the largest number of articles.Review MethodsControlled trials (randomized or not) of adults who underwent total/bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy were searched, and truncal ligation versus nontruncal ligation of the inferior thyroid artery was compared. Data were acquired following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Methodological quality of randomized controlled trials was assessed in accordance with Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, and for nonrandomized controlled trials, the Newcastle‐Ottawa quality assessment scale for cohort studies was used. Pooled results are presented as risk differences with a random effects model. The main outcome was postoperative temporary and definitive hypocalcemia.ResultsWe found 11 nonrandomized controlled trials and nine randomized controlled trials with 1940 patients: 977 patients in the trunk ligation group and 963 patients in the nontruncal ligation group. The risk difference for biochemical hypocalcemia was 6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2% to 11%), for symptomatic hypocalcemia 6% (95% CI: 1% to 10%), and definitive hypocalcemia 0% (95% CI: −1% to 1%) in the whole group.ConclusionsTruncal ligation of the inferior thyroid artery increases the risk of temporary and symptomatic hypocalcemia but not the risk of definitive hypocalcemia. Laryngoscope, 128:534–541, 2018
The impact of developing a speech and swallow rehab program: Improving patient satisfaction and multidisciplinary care
Authors: Starmer Heather M. , Ayoub Noel , Byward Cynthia , Kizner Jennifer , Le Quynh , Hara Wendy , Holsinger F. Christopher 
Published: May 2017

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of developing an integrated head and neck cancer speech and swallowing rehabilitation program on physician/team focus on functional outcomes.Study DesignProspective cross‐sectional design.MethodsSurveys regarding physician behavior and patient satisfaction with speech and swallowing were administered in an academic oncology practice prior to and 1 year following establishment of a dedicated head and neck speech and swallowing rehabilitation program. Participants included new and established head and neck cancer patients recruited consecutively. The primary outcome was physician behavior regarding speech and swallowing outcomes (as measured by discussion of function, providing suggestions regarding function, and referral to speech‐language pathology services).ResultsA total of 199 surveys were returned at the first time point and 271 at the second. Demographic variables were comparable between the two groups. The later cohort was more likely to report team discussion and suggestions regarding speech and swallowing function than the former (P < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.775 to −0.265; P < .001, 95% CI: −0.928 to −0.035, respectively). Although there was no significant difference between the groups in regard to satisfaction with speech (P = .07), more favorable satisfaction with swallowing was reported by the later cohort (P = .028, 95% CI: −0.531 to −0.029).ConclusionsIntegration of speech and swallowing rehabilitation into head and neck cancer programs is associated with increased physician focus on functional outcomes and greater patient satisfaction in regard to swallowing function. We advocate for standard integration of such services into the multidisciplinary head and neck cancer care team.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:2578–2581, 2017
Photoinitiated Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Glycidyl Methacrylate for the Synthesis of Epoxy‐Functionalized Block Copolymer Nano‐Objects
Authors: Tan Jianbo , Liu Dongdong , Huang Chundong , Li Xueliang , He Jun , Xu Qin , Zhang Li 
Published: May 2017

Herein, a novel photoinitiated polymerization‐induced self‐assembly formulation via photoinitiated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer dispersion polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) in ethanol–water at room temperature is reported. It is demonstrated that conducting polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) at low temperatures is crucial for obtaining colloidal stable PGMA‐based diblock copolymer nano‐objects. Good control is maintained during the photo‐PISA process with a high rate of polymerization. The polymerization can be switched between “ON” and “OFF” in response to visible light. A phase diagram is constructed by varying monomer concentration and degree of polymerization. The PGMA‐based diblock copolymer nano‐objects can be further cross‐linked by using a bifunctional primary amine reagent. Finally, silver nanoparticles are loaded within cross‐linked vesicles via in situ reduction, exhibiting good catalytic properties.
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