bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Risk Human Papillomavirus E7 Proteins Target PTPN14 for Degradation
Authors: White Elizabeth A. , Münger Karl , Howley Peter M. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The major transformation activity of the high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) is associated with the E7 oncoprotein. The interaction of HPV E7 with retinoblastoma family proteins is important for several E7 activities; however, this interaction does not fully account for the high-risk E7-specific cellular immortalization and transformation activities. We have determined that the cellular non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14 interacts with HPV E7 from many genus alpha and beta HPV types. We find that high-risk genus alpha HPV E7, but not low-risk genus alpha or beta HPV E7, is necessary and sufficient to reduce the steady-state level of PTPN14 in cells. High-risk E7 proteins target PTPN14 for proteasome-mediated degradation, which requires the ubiquitin ligase UBR4, and PTPN14 is degraded by the proteasome in HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines. Residues in the C terminus of E7 interact with the C-terminal phosphatase domain of PTPN14, and interference with the E7-PTPN14 interaction restores PTPN14 levels in cells. Finally, PTPN14 degradation correlates with the retinoblastoma-independent transforming activity of high-risk HPV E7.

IMPORTANCE
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the cause of cervical cancer, some other anogenital cancers, and a growing fraction of oropharyngeal carcinomas. The high-risk HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins enable these viruses to cause cancer, and the mechanistic basis of their carcinogenic activity has been the subject of intense study. The high-risk E7 oncoprotein is especially important in the immortalization and transformation of human cells, which makes it a central component of HPV-associated cancer development. E7 oncoproteins interact with retinoblastoma family proteins, but for several decades, it has been recognized that high-risk HPV E7 oncoproteins have additional cancer-associated activities. We have determined that high-risk E7 proteins target the proteolysis of the cellular protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14 and find that this activity is correlated with the retinoblastoma-independent transforming activity of E7.
Use of aspirin as sole oral antiplatelet therapy in acute flow diversion for ruptured dissecting aneurysms
Authors: Chiu Albert Ho Yuen , Ramesh Rajalakshmi , Wenderoth Jason , Davies Mark , Cheung Andrew 
Published: September 2016

Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to rupture of a circumferential dissecting aneurysm continues to be a treatment dilemma. Vessel sacrifice, when possible, continues to be the safest option but in certain cases this is not possible due to lack of collateral supply. In such cases, coil assisted endovascular flow diversion has become a potential option but the requirement for dual antiplatelet therapy in an unsecured intracranial aneurysm continues to raise concern.We present a 48-year-old man with a World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade 5 subarachnoid hemorrhage, secondary to a ruptured intradural left vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm, who was treated successfully with a pipeline embolization device with Shield technology using aspirin and a single intravenous loading dose of abciximab. To our knowledge, this is the first case of an acute flow diversion performed using only aspirin as the sole oral antiplatelet agent.
Antipsychotic prescribing in care homes before and after launch of a national dementia strategy: an observational study in English institutions over a 4-year period
Authors: Szczepura Ala , Wild Deidre , Khan Amir J , Owen David W , Palmer Thomas , Muhammad Tariq , Clark Michael D , Bowman Clive 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo assess associations between the launch of the National Dementia Strategy (NDS) and antipsychotic prescribing in long-term residential care (LTC) in England.Setting and participantsRetrospective analysis of prescribing patterns in 616 LTC institutions (31 619 residents) following launch of the NDS, using information from electronic medicines management system.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAntipsychotic prescribing point prevalence (PP) for all residents in a cross section of LTC settings over a 4-year period following NDS launch. Secondary outcomes included dosages, length of treatment and use of recommended second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) versus first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs). Associations between facility-level PP values and institutional characteristics, resident demographics were explored. Variations across geographical areas examined. Prescription net ingredient costs calculated.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was observed in overall prescribing rates over the 4-year period (Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test p=0.60), and there was no significant shift towards newer SGAs (KS test p=0.32). Dosages were above the maximum indicated in only 1.3% of cases, but duration of prescribing was excessive in 69.7% of cases. Care homes in the highest prescribing quintile were more likely to be located in a deprived area (rate ratio (Q5/Q1) RR=5.89, 95% CI 4.35 to 7.99), registered for dementia (RR=3.38, 95% CI 3.06 to 3.73) and those in the lowest quintile were more likely to be served by a single general practitioner (GP) practice (RR=0.48; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.63); p<0.001 all. A sixfold variation in PP levels was observed between geographical areas. The average annual expenditure on antipsychotics was £65.6 per person resident (2012 prices).ConclusionsThe NDS in England was not associated with reduced PP levels or the types of antipsychotic prescribing in care homes. Further research is needed to explore why. Clear standards specifying recommended agents, dosages and length of treatment, together with routine monitoring and greater accountability for antipsychotic prescribing, may be required.
Decision analytic model of the diagnostic pathways for patients with suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using non-invasive transient elastography and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Blake Laurence , Duarte Rui V , Cummins Carole 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesThe mortality associated with liver disease continues to increase, despite the improvements implemented in the UK healthcare as does the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), given the escalating prevalence of obesity. The currently available methods to assess and monitor the stage of liver disease present several limitations. Recently, multiparametric MRI has been developed to address these limitations. The aim of this study is to develop a decision analytic model for patients with suspected NAFLD, to investigate the effect of adding multiparametric MRI to the diagnostic pathway.PerspectiveThe model takes the perspective of the UK National Health Service (NHS) as the service provider.MethodsA simple decision-tree model was developed to compare the costs associated with 3 diagnostic pathways for NAFLD that use non-invasive techniques. First, using transient elastography alone; second, using multiparametric MRI as an adjunct to transient elastography and third, multiparametric MRI alone. The model was built to capture these clinical pathways, and used to compare the expected diagnostic outcomes and costs associated with each.ResultsThe use of multiparametric MRI as an adjunct to transient elastography, while increasing screening costs, is predicted to reduce the number of liver biopsies required by about 66%. Used as the sole diagnostic scan, there remains an expected 16% reduction in the number of biopsies required. There is a small drop in the overall diagnostic accuracy, as in the current model, liver biopsy is presumed to give a definitive diagnosis.ConclusionsThe inclusion of multiparametric MRI, either as an adjunct to or replacement of transient elastography, in the diagnostic pathway of NAFLD may lead to cost savings for the NHS if the model presumptions hold. Further high-quality clinical evidence and cost data are required to test the model's predictions.
Nutrition interventions for children aged less than 5 years following natural disasters: a systematic review
Authors: Pradhan Pranil Man Singh , Dhital Rolina , Subhani Huma 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesThe objective of this paper was to review various nutritional interventions targeted at under-five children in countries that had suffered from natural disasters and to analyse their effect on nutrition-related outcomes.DesignSystematic review.SettingCountries that had suffered from natural disasters.ParticipantsChildren aged <5 years who were given any nutritional intervention to improve overall nutritional status after a natural disaster.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary nutrition-related outcomes were stunting, wasting and underweight. The secondary nutrition-related outcome was anaemia.ResultsOf the 1218 studies that the reviewers agreed on, five matched the inclusion criteria and were included in this narrative synthesis. Four studies were longitudinal and one was cross-sectional in design. Food supplementation was an integral part of nutritional interventions in all the included studies. The most consistent nutritional outcome in all five included studies was reduced prevalence of wasting, followed by reduced prevalence of underweight in four, stunting in three and anaemia in one of the five included studies. The largest reduction in the prevalence of wasting and underweight was reported by the study in Sri Lanka. Overall, the quality of evidence ranged from moderate to weak.ConclusionsIntegrated nutrition interventions using locally available health resources yielded the best results. However, sound evidence on the most effective interventions is still lacking. Intervention studies with comparison groups are necessary to obtain more robust evidence on the effectiveness of nutrition interventions.
The highly neglected burden of resistant hypertension in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nansseu Jobert Richie N , Noubiap Jean Jacques N , Mengnjo Michel K , Aminde Leopold Ndemnge , Essouma Mickael , Jingi Ahmadou M , Bigna Jean Joel R 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveThe hypertension epidemic in Africa collectively with very low rates of blood pressure control may predict an incremented prevalence of resistant hypertension (RH) across the continent. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of RH and associated risk factors in Africa.Data sourcesWe conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Africa Wide Information and Africa Index Medicus) completed by manual search of articles, regardless of language or publication date.MethodsWe included studies which have reported the prevalence and/or risk factors for RH in Africa from inception to 19 May 2016. Forest plots were drawn to visualise the combined prevalence of RH and extent of statistical heterogeneity between studies.ResultsOut of 259 retrieved studies, only 5 from Cameroon, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Lesotho and Algeria with a total population of 4 068 patients were finally included in this review. There was no study from the Eastern part of Africa. Though the definition of RH was not similar across studies, its prevalence was respectively 11.7%, 4.9%, 14.6%, 14.3% and 19.0%, with an overall pooled prevalence of 12.1% (95% CI 8.0% to 17.7%). Potential risk factors were: non-compliance to treatment, ageing, male sex, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, previous cardiovascular events, physical inactivity and stress, but not excessive salt intake, alcohol and coffee ingestions. Moreover, diabetes, smoking, obesity and renal insufficiency yielded discrepant results.ConclusionsThere is a huge dearth of research on the epidemiology of RH in Africa. Thereby, an extensive study of RH prevalence and risk factors is still largely warranted to curtail the high and continuously increasing burden of hypertension across Africa.
Uptake and efficacy of a systematic intensive smoking cessation intervention using motivational interviewing for smokers hospitalised for an acute coronary syndrome: a multicentre before–after study with parallel group comparisons
Authors: Auer Reto , Gencer Baris , Tango Rodrigo , Nanchen David , Matter Christian M , Lüscher Thomas Felix , Windecker Stephan , Mach François , Cornuz Jacques , Humair Jean-Paul , Rodondi Nicolas 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of a proactive approach with a reactive approach to offer intensive smoking cessation intervention using motivational interviewing (MI).DesignBefore–after comparison in 2 academic hospitals with parallel comparisons in 2 control hospitals.SettingAcademic hospitals in Switzerland.ParticipantsSmokers hospitalised for an acute coronary syndrome (ACS).InterventionIn the intervention hospitals during the intervention phase, a resident physician trained in MI systematically offered counselling to all smokers admitted for ACS, followed by 4 telephone counselling sessions over 2 months by a nurse trained in MI. In the observation phase, the in-hospital intervention was offered only to patients whose clinicians requested a smoking cessation intervention. In the control hospitals, no intensive smoking cessation intervention was offered.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was 1 week smoking abstinence (point prevalence) at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were the number of smokers who received the in-hospital smoking cessation intervention and the duration of the intervention.ResultsIn the intervention centres during the intervention phase, 87% of smokers (N=193/225) received a smoking cessation intervention compared to 22% in the observational phase (p<0.001). Median duration of counselling was 50 min. During the intervention phase, 78% received a phone follow-up for a median total duration of 42 min in 4 sessions. Prescription of nicotine replacement therapy at discharge increased from 18% to 58% in the intervention phase (risk ratio (RR): 3.3 (95% CI 2.4 to 4.3; p≤0.001). Smoking cessation at 12-month increased from 43% to 51% comparing the observation and intervention phases (RR=1.20, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.46; p=0.08; 97% with outcome assessment). In the control hospitals, the RR for quitting was 1.02 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.25; p=0.8, 92% with outcome assessment).ConclusionsA proactive strategy offering intensive smoking cessation intervention based on MI to all smokers hospitalised for ACS significantly increases the uptake of smoking cessation counselling and might increase smoking abstinence at 12 months.
Motor vehicle crashes during pregnancy and cerebral palsy during infancy: a longitudinal cohort analysis
Authors: Redelmeier Donald A , Naqib Faisal , Thiruchelvam Deva , R Barrett Jon F 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo assess the incidence of cerebral palsy among children born to mothers who had their pregnancy complicated by a motor vehicle crash.DesignRetrospective longitudinal cohort analysis of children born from 1 April 2002 to 31 March 2012 in Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsCases defined as pregnancies complicated by a motor vehicle crash and controls as remaining pregnancies with no crash.Main outcomeSubsequent diagnosis of cerebral palsy by age 3 years.ResultsA total of 1 325 660 newborns were analysed, of whom 7933 were involved in a motor vehicle crash during pregnancy. A total of 2328 were subsequently diagnosed with cerebral palsy, equal to an absolute risk of 1.8 per 1000 newborns. For the entire cohort, motor vehicle crashes correlated with a 29% increased risk of subsequent cerebral palsy that was not statistically significant (95% CI −16 to +110, p=0.274). The increased risk was only significant for those with preterm birth who showed an 89% increased risk of subsequent cerebral palsy associated with a motor vehicle crash (95% CI +7 to +266, p=0.037). No significant increase was apparent for those with a term delivery (95% CI −62 to +79, p=0.510). A propensity score-matched analysis of preterm births (n=4384) yielded a 138% increased relative risk of cerebral palsy associated with a motor vehicle crash (95% CI +27 to +349, p=0.007), equal to an absolute increase of about 10.9 additional cases per 1000 newborns (18.2 vs 7.3, p=0.010).ConclusionsMotor vehicle crashes during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy among the subgroup of cases with preterm birth. The increase highlights a specific role for traffic safety advice in prenatal care.
Using serum urate as a validated surrogate end point for flares in patients with gout: protocol for a systematic review and meta-regression analysis
Authors: Morillon Melanie B , Stamp Lisa , Taylor William , Fransen Jaap , Dalbeth Nicola , Singh Jasvinder A , Christensen Robin , Lassere Marissa 
Published: September 2016

IntroductionGout is the most common inflammatory arthritis in men over 40 years of age. Long-term urate-lowering therapy is considered a key strategy for effective gout management. The primary outcome measure for efficacy in clinical trials of urate-lowering therapy is serum urate levels, effectively acting as a surrogate for patient-centred outcomes such as frequency of gout attacks or pain. Yet it is not clearly demonstrated that the strength of the relationship between serum urate and clinically relevant outcomes is sufficiently strong for serum urate to be considered an adequate surrogate. Our objective is to investigate the strength of the relationship between changes in serum urate in randomised controlled trials and changes in clinically relevant outcomes according to the ‘Biomarker-Surrogacy Evaluation Schema version 3’ (BSES3), documenting the validity of selected instruments by applying the ‘OMERACT Filter 2.0’.Methods and analysisA systematic review described in terms of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines will identify all relevant studies. Standardised data elements will be extracted from each study by 2 independent reviewers and disagreements are resolved by discussion. The data will be analysed by meta-regression of the between-arm differences in the change in serum urate level (independent variable) from baseline to 3 months (or 6 and 12 months if 3-month values are not available) against flare rate, tophus size and number and pain at the final study visit (dependent variables).Ethics and disseminationThis study will not require specific ethics approval since it is based on analysis of published (aggregated) data. The intended audience will include healthcare researchers, policymakers and clinicians. Results of the study will be disseminated by peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberCRD42016026991.
Sing Your Lungs Out: a qualitative study of a community singing group for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: McNaughton Amanda , Aldington Sarah , Williams Gayle , Levack William M M 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo explore the ways in which participation in a community singing group contributed to the health and well-being of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).DesignQualitative description, based on transcripts from individual interviews and a focus group meeting with people with COPD participating in the singing group, regarding their experience.SettingUrban community, Wellington, New Zealand.Participants23 people (13 women and 10 men), 51–91 years with COPD (21) or interstitial lung disease (2).ResultsThe weekly singing group was a well-attended activity, with self-reported benefits to health and well-being. 4 key themes were identified: being in the ‘right space’, connection, purpose and growth, and participation in a meaningful physical activity.ConclusionsThis study helps us to better understand how participation in a community singing group can benefit the health and well-being of patients with COPD.Trial registration numberACTRN12615000736549; Results.
Revised hazard assessment for Afulilo Dam, Samoa
Authors: Goldsmith R. , McCue K. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Afulilo Dam was built as part of a hydroelectric scheme to augment the power supply for the island of Upolu, Samoa. The 23 m high concrete gravity dam sits on the crest of a waterfall that once drained an intermontane basin. Initially, concerns were expressed about a possible active fault through the dam site linked with a larger fault across the island. This assertion was refuted but not tested by the owners, and the dam came into operation as planned. This issue was again reviewed in 2009–10 as part of an environmental and power augmentation study. The opportunity was also taken to test the compliance of the dam with accepted international practices. Additional regional geological assessments, a review of the seismic data and further drilling at the dam site provided data to improve the geological model for the dam site. It is concluded and confirmed that there is no clear evidence for the existence of such faults. If they do exist, they are not active and therefore not significant for the safety of the dam.
Engineering geology model for seismic vulnerability assessment of critical infrastructures
Authors: Fabbrocino S. , Paduano P. , Lanzano G. , Forte G. , Santucci de Magistris F. , Fabbrocino G. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The development of reliable subsoil models is one of the key points for the assessment of the seismic performance of existing strategic infrastructures, especially in many European countries where the seismic hazard varies from moderate to high. The strategic infrastructures are structures and components which have a crucial role in the social and economic development of a modern country, and include lifelines and industrial plants. Lifelines frequently have a linear development and can be affected by very heterogeneous and complex geological setting. Industrial plants, on the other hand, frequently treat toxic and flammable materials. This paper deals with the definition of an effective geological and geotechnical three-dimensional model of the Biferno River coastal plain in the Molise region (Italy) as a key for a quantitative assessment of real performances of strategic infrastructures. Some remarks on the site seismic vulnerability and on the regional and local geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological conditions are given. The key objective of the seismic vulnerability assessment is discussed in relation to the spatial variability of the geological and geotechnical characteristics.
Effect of porewater salinity on residual shear strength of clays and their mixtures
Authors: He L. , Wen B.-P. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

It has been long recognized that the residual shear strength of clayey soil is influenced by porewater chemistry due to physico-chemical interactions between clay and porewater. However, although the correlation between the residual shear strength of clayey soils and salinity of porewater has been discussed by many researchers, it has not been quantitatively specified either in theory or experiment. In this study, the residual shear strength of pure and mixed clays made of smectite, interlayered illite/smectite and kaolinite were investigated after being saturated with NaCl solutions of various concentrations. It was found that the residual shear strength of smectite significantly increased when the concentration of the NaCl was in the range of 0–1 mol L
−1
and showed little change when the NaCl concentration was higher. The residual shear strength of kaolinite displayed insignificant change when NaCl concentration varied. Variation of the residual shear strength of interlayered illite/smectite with porewater salinity was quite similar to that of smectite, but with much less magnitude. Moreover, the residual shear strength of the clay mixtures also displayed great variation with the porewater salinity, and the variation may be mainly attributed to aggregation when porewater salinity varied as a result of change in double-layer thickness among clay particles.