bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous decision analysis on the structural and mechanical properties of polymeric microcellular nanocomposites foamed using CO2
Authors: Daryadel Mahsa , Azdast Taher , Hasanzadeh Rezgar , Molani Siamak 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, the effects of nano Fe2O3 content and foaming temperature and time are investigated on the various structural and mechanical properties of polypropylene in a batch foaming process with CO2 using Taguchi approach. Cell size, relative density, and specific impact strength and hardness are considered as different criteria. The results indicated that the cell sizes are below 10 μm and a 20% improvement is observed in the microcellular nanocomposite samples containing 4 wt % nano Fe2O3. A 20% improvement is observed in specific impact strength by increasing 4 wt % of nano Fe2O3. Also, a simultaneous decision analysis is performed and the best sample with respect to considered structural and mechanical properties is selected using multi‐criteria decision making methods. The results demonstrated that the microcellular nanocomposite foams containing 4 wt % of nano Fe2O3 are the best samples. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46098.
Upstream recolonization by freshwater mussels (Unionoida: Hyriidae) following installation of a fishway
Authors: Benson Justin Aaron , Close Paul Graeme , Stewart Barbara Ann , Lymbery Alan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Freshwater mussels provide important benefits to aquatic ecosystems by filtering water, bioturbating sediments, and cycling and transforming nutrients. The global decline in mussel diversity, distribution and abundance has led to concerns that ecological functioning in freshwater systems will be diminished.
Mussels from the order Unionoida have an obligate larval stage that parasitizes a fish host, developing into a juvenile while being dispersed throughout the ecosystem. Barriers that obstruct fish movement can lead to localized extinctions of fish and mussels. In many cases, fishways have successfully restored habitat connectivity for fish; however, mussel recolonization is rarely assessed.
This paper provides evidence for recolonization by Carter's freshwater mussel (Westralunio carteri, Iredale 1934) in habitats upstream of a weir following fishway installation. Mussels were present at all sites both above and below the weir, although they were far more abundant downstream. A lack of larger size classes upstream highlights the historical lack of recruitment in that area. Recent recruitment post‐fishway installation suggests that the population will eventually recover above the weir.
The return of mussels above the weir is likely to benefit the ecosystem owing to the key role mussels play in aquatic habitats. Fishways may therefore be an important tool for the restoration of mussels, and broader ecological functioning.
A gene‐driven recovery mechanism: Drosophila larvae increase feeding activity for post‐stress weight recovery
Authors: Ryuda Masasuke , Tabuchi Miku , Matsumoto Hitoshi , Matsumura Takashi , Ochiai Masanori , Hayakawa Yoichi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecovery from weight loss after stress is important for all organisms, although the recovery mechanisms are not fully understood. We are working to clarify these mechanisms. Here, we recorded enhanced feeding activity of Drosophila melanogaster larvae from 2 to 4 h after heat stress at 35°C for 1 h. During the post‐stress period, expression levels of sweet taste gustatory receptor genes (Grs), Gr5a, Gr43a, Gr64a, and Gr64f, were elevated, whereas bitter taste Grs, Gr66a, and Gr33a, were decreased in expression and expression of a non‐typical taste receptor Gr, Gr68a, was unchanged. Similar upregulation of Gr5a and downregulation of Gr66a was recorded after cold stress at 4°C. Expression levels of tropomyosin and ATP synthase ß subunit were significantly increased in larval mouth parts around 3 to 5 h after the heat stress. We infer that up‐regulation of post‐stress larval feeding activity, and weight recovery, is mediated by increasing capacity for mouth part muscular movements and changes in taste sensing physiology. We propose that Drosophila larvae, and likely insects generally, express an efficient mechanism to recover from weight loss during post‐stress periods.
The Role of Attention in Attribute Framing
Authors: Kreiner Hamutal , Gamliel Eyal 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe attribute‐framing bias refers to message recipients' tendency to evaluate objects framed positively (75% success) more favorably than they do objects framed negatively (25% failure), although one description is implied as the complementary of the other, and they are logically equivalent. According to the association‐valence account, positive or negative framing activates corresponding positive or negative associations that bias evaluations. By contrast, the attention account contends that focusing attention on one frame while neglecting the complementary frame leads to evaluation biases. The present study focused on the contribution of attention mechanisms to the attribute‐framing bias. In two experiments, participants rated objects presented in framing scenarios, following a manipulation question that shifted their attention to the complementary frame. Experiment 1 used an explicit attention shift, obtained by presenting questions directly related to the target scenario. Experiment 2 used an implicit attention shift, obtained by presenting questions unrelated to the target scenarios. Whereas explicit attention shift eliminated the bias, implicit attention shift only moderately diminished it. Jointly, these results provide empirical support for the contribution of attention mechanism to the attribute‐framing bias but do not rule out the possible contribution of other mechanisms, such as the association‐valence account. While previous studies discussed the role of attention in attribute‐framing bias, mainly as a post hoc theoretical account, the innovation of the current study is that it demonstrates empirically the contribution of attention. Moreover, in highlighting the joint contribution of association valence and attention mechanisms, this study advances the theoretical understanding of the cognitive processes underlying attribute‐framing bias. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon Concrete Composites C3 – Nachhaltige Bindemittel und Betone für die Zukunft
Authors: Schneider Kai , Butler Marko , Mechtcherine Viktor 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDurch den radikalen Wechsel vom Verbundpartner Stahl zu Carbonstrukturen müssen die Anforderungen an die Matrix völlig neu überdacht werden. Dieser Aufgabe widmete sich das Basisvorhaben B2 im Rahmen des Großprojekts Carbon Concrete Composite C3. Bei der konkreten Entwicklung und Umsetzung der Bindemittel‐ und Betonkonzepte standen im Vorhaben eine langfristige Verfügbarkeit der Ausgangsstoffe, ökologische und wirtschaftliche Kriterien, das Erreichen bestimmter Frisch‐ und Festbetoneigenschaften sowie eine kurzfristige Umsetzbarkeit der Ergebnisse in die Baupraxis im Vordergrund. In der Summe ließen diese Vorgaben im aktuellen Stadium noch keine alternativen Bindemittel, Gesteinskörnungen sowie Betonzusatzstoffe zu. Daher erfolgte die Bindemittel‐ und Betonentwicklung durch Optimierung herkömmlicher Systeme für die Anwendung in Kombination mit Carbonbewehrung. Basierend auf dem Prinzip der Packungsdichte konnten auch bei feinkörnigen Betonen deutlich reduzierte Gesamtwasser‐ und Klinkergehalte in Kombination mit verbesserten Verarbeitungseigenschaften erzielt werden. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden einige der entwickelten Bindemittelsysteme und Betonzusammensetzungen vorgestellt. Die betontechnische Vorgehensweise bei der Optimierung von Zusammensetzung und Frischbetoneigenschaften wird am Beispiel eines selbstverdichtenden weißen Feinkornbetons veranschaulicht. Eine praxisnahe Erprobung der entwickelten Bindemittel und Betone erfolgte durch die Herstellung von C3‐Demonstratorbauteilen.
Chemoprevention by resveratrol and pterostilbene: Targeting on epigenetic regulation
Authors: Lee Pei‐Sheng , Chiou Yi‐Shiou , Ho Chi‐Tang , Pan Min‐Hsiung 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms are essential in regulating normal cellular functions and play an important role during the disease developmental stages. However, aberrant epigenetic mechanisms may lead to pathological consequences such as cancer, neurological disorders, bone and skeletal diseases, cardiovascular dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome. The molecular mechanisms of epigenetic modification include DNA methylation, histone modification (acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation), and microRNAs (miRNAs). Unlike genetic modifications, epigenetic states of genes are reversible and can be altered by certain intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In the past few decades, accumulated evidence shows that dietary phytochemicals with chemopreventive effects are also potent epigenetic regulators. Resveratrol and pterostilbene are stilbenoids, which have been reported to have anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐lipid, and anti‐diabetic properties. Stilbenoids are also reported to improve cardiovascular disease. By altering DNA methylation and histone modification or by modulating miRNA expression, resveratrol, and pterostilbene become potent epigenetic modifiers. In this review, we summarize these studies and underlying mechanisms of resveratrol and pterostilbene and their influence on epigenetic mechanisms. © 2017 BioFactors, 44(1):26–35, 2018
Laboratory exercise for studying the morphology of heat‐denatured and amyloid aggregates of lysozyme by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Gokalp Sumeyra , Horton William , Jónsdóttir‐Lewis Elfa B. , Foster Michelle , Török Marianna 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTo facilitate learning advanced instrumental techniques, essential tools for visualizing biomaterials, a simple and versatile laboratory exercise demonstrating the use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in biomedical applications was developed. In this experiment, the morphology of heat‐denatured and amyloid‐type aggregates formed from a low‐cost and well‐characterized model protein, hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL), are compared. Structural differences between the amorphous and ordered particles are quantified using ImageJ for the analysis of AFM images as a postlaboratory assignment. The laboratory exercise allows the direct observation of changes in the protein structure and helps students to understand the operation of AFM, as well as protein folding and misfolding related to many physiological and pathological processes. The described protocol stands alone, but also fits well into a larger module on protein structure and function or microscopic techniques as it can be linked easily to existing laboratory exercises on these topics. It can be easily adapted to the upper level undergraduate laboratory courses with limited lab hours as well as graduate level courses to improve students' research skills. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(2):162–171, 2018.
First experience of the usage of a GORECARDIOFORMSeptal Occluder device for treatment of a significant residual commissural mitral regurgitation jet following a MitraClip procedure
Authors: Nakajima Yoshifumi , Kar Saibal 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe MitraClip (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) procedure has emerged as a safe and effective treatment option for treatment of selected patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) who are at high risk for surgery. Effective reduction of MR is important to ensure an optimal clinical outcome. We present here the first case report of a significant commissural leak after a MitraClip procedure treated with a GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder device (WL Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ). Case report: An 81‐year‐old male presented with symptomatic recurrent MR following a MitraClip procedure using two clips. After adding another clip, there was still a residual jet medially. We plugged the gap using 12‐mm AMPLATZER Muscular VSD Occluder device (St. Jude Medical, Minneapolis, MN). MR was reduced but hemolysis occurred. We retrieved the VSD Occluder device to improve hemolysis, but the MR jet worsened to severe, so we placed a 30‐mm GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder device. The device was stable, the MR jet was reduced dramatically, and hemolysis was not observed. Materials of these devices are mesh fabric made from nitinol and polyester in a VSD Occluder device and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene in GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder device. The difference between device materials affects flow pattern of residual jet and hemolysis. In conclusion, the patient's risk for hemolysis is potentially affected by the occluder or plug material. GORE CARDIOFORM is a feasible choice to reduce the risk of hemolysis in a selected patient.
Basilar impression as complication of Grisel's syndrome
Authors: Dührsen Lasse , Abboud Tammam , Viezens Lennart , Eicker Sven Oliver , Dreimann Marc 
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical MessageGrisel's syndrome presents a rare disease. Here, we present a peculiar case of Grisel's syndrome with an unfavorable course developing a basilar impression. This highlights the importance of close clinical and radiological follow‐up even in cases where the course seems uncomplicated.
Cobalt Diselenide Nanorods Grafted on Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Synergistic Catalyst for Oxygen Reactions in Rechargeable Li−O2 Batteries
Authors: Kumar Surender , Jena Anirudha , Hu Yao Chong , Liang Chaolun , Zhou Wuzong , Hung Tai‐Feng , Chang Wen‐Sheng , Chang Ho , Liu Ru‐Shi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Ru‐Shi Liu's group from the Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University (Taiwan). The image shows g‐C3N4/CoSe2, a bifunctional catalyst in Li−O2 batteries. Reduction of the overpotential is attributed to synergistic catalysis and, hence, easier electron transfer as well as cleaning of the clogged pores owing to oxygen reactions. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201700909.
BODIPY‐Based Antiaromatic Macrocycles: Facile Synthesis by Knoevenagel Condensation and Unusual Aggregation‐Enhanced Two‐Photon Absorption Properties
Authors: Chua Ming Hui , Kim Taeyeon , Lim Zheng Long , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Ni Yong , Xu Jianwei , Kim Dongho , Wu Jishan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTwo stable boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)‐based antiaromatic macrocycles, Mc‐Fur and Mc‐Th, were synthesized through a one‐pot Knoevenagel condensation reaction between a BODIPY precursor and furan‐2,5‐dicarboxaldehyde or thiophene‐2,5‐dicarboxaldehyde, respectively. 1H NMR spectroscopic characterization of the two macrocycles supported their highly antiaromatic character. The oxidation properties of the two macrocycles were studied through electron spin resonance spectroscopy and UV/Vis absorption spectrophotometry, which suggested the formation of a stable monoradical cation species on first oxidation followed by an aromatic dicationic species on subsequent oxidation. Both molecules have a nearly planar π‐conjugated backbone and show a strong tendency to aggregate in solution due to efficient stacking of the antiaromatic macrocycles. Transient absorption and two‐photon absorption (TPA) measurements in solution and aggregated states of the macrocycles revealed that aggregation resulted in large enhancement of TPA cross sections and increased excited‐state lifetimes, in accordance with the decrease in the antiaromatic character in the aggregated state.
Hybrid Silicon‐Based Organic/Inorganic Block Copolymers with Sol–Gel Active Moieties: Synthetic Advances, Self‐Assembly and Applications in Biomedicine and Materials Science
Authors: Czarnecki Sebastian , Bertin Annabelle 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHybrid silicon‐based organic/inorganic (multi)block copolymers are promising polymeric precursors to create robust nano‐objects and nanomaterials due to their sol–gel active moieties via self‐assembly in solution or in bulk. Such nano‐objects and nanomaterials have great potential in biomedicine as nanocarriers or scaffolds for bone regeneration as well as in materials science as Pickering emulsifiers, photonic crystals or coatings/films with antibiofouling, antibacterial or water‐ and oil‐repellent properties. Thus, this Review outlines recent synthetic efforts in the preparation of these hybrid inorganic/organic block copolymers, gives an overview of their self‐assembled structures and finally presents recent examples of their use in the biomedical field and material science.
Gold‐Catalyzed Divergent Ring‐Closing Modes of Indole‐Tethered Amino Allenynes
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Fernández Israel , Herrera Fernando , Luna Amparo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIndole‐tethered amino allenynes were chemodivergently cyclized for the controlled preparation of fused polycyclic indoles using gold catalysis. Double cyclization of terminal allenynes afforded hexacyclic 15 H‐indolo[1,2,3‐de]quinolino[3,2,1‐ij]quinoxalines, in which allenynes bearing a substituted alkyne at the terminal end generated 12,13‐dihydro‐7 H‐indolo[3,2‐c]acridines, which are 5‐membered cyclized adducts. Density functional theory calculations were performed to shed light on this difference in reactivity.
Stomach cancer survival in the United States by race and stage (2001‐2009): Findings from the CONCORD‐2 study
Authors: Jim Melissa A. , Pinheiro Paulo S. , Carreira Helena , Espey David K. , Wiggins Charles L. , Weir Hannah K. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDStomach cancer was a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths early in the 20th century and has steadily declined over the last century in the United States. Although incidence and death rates are now low, stomach cancer remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in black, Asian and Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native populations.METHODSData from the CONCORD‐2 study were used to analyze stomach cancer survival among males and females aged 15 to 99 years who were diagnosed in 37 states covering 80% of the US population. Survival analyses were corrected for background mortality using state‐specific and race‐specific (white and black) life tables and age‐standardized using the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. Net survival is presented up to 5 years after diagnosis by race (all, black, and white) for 2001 through 2003 and 2004 through 2009 to account for changes in collecting Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Summary Stage 2000 data from 2004.RESULTSAlmost one‐third of stomach cancers were diagnosed at a distant stage among both whites and blacks. Age‐standardized 5‐year net survival increased between 2001 to 2003 and 2004 to 2009 (26.1% and 29%, respectively), and no differences were observed by race. The 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year survival estimates were 53.1%, 33.8%, and 29%, respectively. Survival improved in most states. Survival by stage was 64% (local), 28.2% (regional), and 5.3% (distant).CONCLUSIONSThe current results indicate high fatality for stomach cancer, especially soon after diagnosis. Although improvements in stomach cancer survival were observed, survival remained relatively low for both blacks and whites. Primary prevention through the control of well‐established risk factors would be expected to have the greatest impact on further reducing deaths from stomach cancer. Cancer 2017;123:4994‐5013. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Cervical cancer survival in the United States by race and stage (2001‐2009): Findings from the CONCORD‐2 study
Authors: Benard Vicki B. , Watson Meg , Saraiya Mona , Harewood Rhea , Townsend Julie S. , Stroup Antoinette M. , Weir Hannah K. , Allemani Claudia 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDOverall, cervical cancer survival in the United States has been reported to be among the highest in the world, despite slight decreases over the last decade. Objective of the current study was to describe cervical cancer survival trends among US women and examine differences by race and stage.METHODSThis study used data from the CONCORD‐2 study to compare survival among women (aged 15‐99 years) diagnosed in 37 states covering 80% of the US population. Survival was adjusted for background mortality (net survival) with state‐ and race‐specific life tables and was age‐standardized with the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. Five‐year survival was compared by race (all races, blacks, and whites). Two time periods, 2001‐2003 and 2004‐2009, were considered because of changes in how the staging variable was collected.RESULTSFrom 2001 to 2009, 90,620 women were diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer. The proportion of cancers diagnosed at a regional or distant stage increased over time in most states. Overall, the 5‐year survival was 63.5% in 2001‐2003 and 62.8% in 2004‐2009. The survival was lower for black women versus white women in both calendar periods and in most states; black women had a higher proportion of distant‐stage cancers.CONCLUSIONSThe stability of the overall survival over time and the persistent differences in survival between white and black women in all US states suggest that there is a need for targeted interventions and improved access to screening, timely treatment, and follow‐up care, especially among black women. Cancer 2017;123:5119‐37. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Lung cancer survival in the United States by race and stage (2001‐2009): Findings from the CONCORD‐2 study
Authors: Richards Thomas B. , Henley S. Jane , Puckett Mary C. , Weir Hannah K. , Huang Bin , Tucker Thomas C. , Allemani Claudia 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDResults from the second CONCORD study (CONCORD‐2) indicated that 5‐year net survival for lung cancer was low (range, 10%‐20%) between 1995 and 2009 in most countries, including the United States, which was at the higher end of this range.METHODSData from CONCORD‐2 were used to analyze net survival among patients with lung cancer (aged 15‐99 years) who were diagnosed in 37 states covering 80% of the US population. Survival was corrected for background mortality using state‐specific and race‐specific life tables and age‐standardized using International Cancer Survival Standard weights. Net survival was estimated for patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2003 and between 2004 and 2009 at 1, 3, and 5 years after diagnosis by race (all races, black, and white); Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Summary Stage 2000; and US state.RESULTSFive‐year net survival increased from 16.4% (95% confidence interval, 16.3%‐16.5%) for patients diagnosed 2001‐2003 to 19.0% (18.8%‐19.1%) for those diagnosed 2004‐2009, with increases in most states and among both blacks and whites. Between 2004 and 2009, 5‐year survival was lower among blacks (14.9%) than among whites (19.4%) and ranged by state from 14.5% to 25.2%.CONCLUSIONSLung cancer survival improved slightly between the periods 2001‐2003 and 2004‐2009 but was still low, with variation between states, and persistently lower survival among blacks than whites. Efforts to control well established risk factors would be expected to have the greatest impact on reducing the burden of lung cancer, and efforts to ensure that all patients receive timely and appropriate treatment should reduce the differences in survival by race and state. Cancer 2017;123:5079‐99. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.