bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prototypical tense–aspect alignment and the tense deficit in the spontaneous speech of Spanish-speaking children with SLI
Authors: Grinstead John , Lintz Paij , De la Mora Juliana , Cantú-Sánchez Myriam , Flores Blanca 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Aspect-First Hypothesis observes that children tend to associate the lexical semantics of predicates with grammatical aspect marking and tense, and children with SLI are known to have problems with tense. A theoretical question raised by these facts is whether the SLI difficulty with tense is limited to morphosyntax, or whether it extends to the lexical semantics implicated in the Aspect-First phenomenon as well. In previous work, children with SLI have been less consistent than controls in their Aspect-First prototypical tense–aspect groupings. In the current project, we study the spontaneous production data of 38 five-year-old monolingual Spanish-speakers in Mexico, half of whom are diagnosed with SLI and half of whom are age-matched controls. We coded the spontaneous production of each child’s 20- to 30-minute language sample for tense, grammatical aspect and lexical aspect to determine: (1) whether each group followed Aspect-First prototypical tense–aspect groupings and (2) whether children in the SLI and TD groups were different from one another in their tense–aspect distributions. Children in both groups appeared to follow the Aspect-First prototypes, in contrast to comprehension findings. SLI children were not significantly different from TD children in their distribution of predicates, as a function of tense and lexical aspect, contra elicited production results from English. Results are discussed in terms of methodological and comprehension-production differences.
Dative subjects in Germanic
Authors: Barðdal Jóhanna , Arnett Carlee , Carey Stephen Mark , Eythórsson Thórhallur , Jenset Gard B. , Kroonen Guus , Oberlin Adam 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
One of the functions of the dative is to mark non-prototypical subjects, i. e. subjects that somehow deviate from the agentive prototype. The Germanic languages, as all subbranches of Indo-European (cf. Barðdal et al. 2012. Reconstructing constructional semantics: The dative subject construction in Old Norse‐Icelandic, Latin, Ancient Greek, Old Russian and Old Lithuanian. Studies in Language 36(3). 511–547), exhibit structures where the subject or the subject-like argument is not in the nominative case, but in the accusative, dative or genitive, for instance. The focus of this article is on the dative, leaving accusative and genitive subjects aside, in particular homing in on lexical semantic similarities and differences between the individual Germanic languages. We compare Modern Icelandic, Modern Faroese, and Modern German, on the one hand, and the historical Germanic languages, i. e. Gothic, Old English, Old Saxon, Old High German, Middle English, Middle Dutch, Middle German, Old Norse-Icelandic and Old Swedish, on the other. The goal is to document the semantic development of the construction across time. This, in turn, is a part of a more general research program aiming at reconstructing the origin and the development of the Dative Subject Construction in Germanic and Indo-European. As the Germanic languages are both genealogically and areally related, we suggest a computational model aiming at disentangling genealogical and geographical factors, in order to estimate to which degree the two interact with each other across languages and across historical eras.
β-K2Se2 and K2Se4: missing links in the binary system K-Se
Authors: Thiele Günther , Vondung Lisa , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Two missing compounds within the binary K-Se system have been synthesized and structurally characterized by means of single-crystal diffraction. β-K2Se2 comprises cell parameters that are in line with predictions made from the series α/β-A2Chx. K2Se4, in contrast, incorporates “Se5
2–” chains with 50% occupation of the terminal selenium atoms, and has been synthesized on a rather unconventional solvothermal pathway employing successively mercury and ethylene dithiol as solvents.
Die πανοπλία Gottes. Eph 6,11–17 als Reflexion der Belagerung einer Stadt
Authors: Neumann Nils 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
The image of „God’s Armor“ in Eph 6,11–17 is modeled, on the one hand, after biblical traditions, taking formulations from the book of Isaiah (Isa 11,5; 52,7; 59,17). But on the other hand the author of Ephesians also adds some elements to the image that do not have any equivalents in Isaiah or other biblical texts. These extra elements in Ephesians are the sword, the shield, the mention of the military term πανοπλία („armor“), and the sandals. The naming of these additional items is based on first century knowledge about the equipment of a Roman legionnaire. As can be shown by comparison to descriptions of ancient Roman warfare in Josephus and Polybius, the wearer of God’s armor in Ephesians is figuratively positioned in a concrete battle situation, namely the siege of a town wall. The author of Eph 6,11–17 imagines the present life of the Christian community as a dramatic situation that can be compared to a battle. With the sword of God’s word in their hands the members of the Christian community are supposed to defend the wall of their fortress against the attacks of the forces of evil.
Weitergedacht: Das versöhnende Weihegeschenk Gottes in Röm 3,25
Authors: Schreiber Stefan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
In response to criticisms of my proposal to understand the term ἱλαστήριον in Rom 3,25 as “votive offering”, both theologically and lexicographically, this article tries to develop the matter a step further. Therefore, it first discusses the various problems concerning the widely held interpretation that the term refers to the “mercy seat” of Lev 16LXX and describes the death of Jesus as the establishment of a new place of atonement. Furthermore, the philological possibility of translating ἱλαστήριον as “votive offering” or, more precisely, as “propitiatory offering” is elaborated in detail. Finally, the article discusses the application of the ancient practice of propitiatory offerings to Rom 3,25, directing attention to its possible reception by the listeners and to the theological significance of this process.
“Flesh” and “Spirit” in Qumran Sapiential Literature as the Background to the Use in Pauline Epistles
Authors: Wold Benjamin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
Zu den Traditionen, die den paulinischen Gebrauch von „Geist“ und „Fleisch“ beeinflusst und geformt haben könnten, gehört die palästinische Weisheitsliteratur, vor allem 4QInstruction (4Q415–418; 4Q423; 1Q26). Dieser Aufsatz nimmt den negativen Gebrauch des Wortes „Fleisch“ in den Blick, der sich sowohl in 4QInstruction als auch bei Paulus findet, stellt aber die These in Frage, dass dieser in 4QInstruction in eine dualistische Kosmologie eingebettet ist. „Fleisch“ wird in 4QInstruction mit Verderbtheit und Sünde in Verbindung gebracht, was kosmische Dimensionen, inkl. quasi-dämonischer Mächte, einschließt, steht aber niemals in einem binären Verhältnis zum Begriff „Geist“. Die weitere Analyse, wie „Fleisch“ und „Geist“ in 4QInstruction aufgefasst werden, hat zudem Implikationen für das Verständnis der Anthropologie dieser Schrift sowie für das Verständnis des Verhältnisses ihrer Trägergruppe zu göttlicher Offenbarung. Zudem werden neue Vergleichspunkte zwischen der Schrift und ausgewählten Passagen aus dem Corpus Paulinum eröffnet.
“A Law to Themselves”: Limited Universalism in Philo and Paul
Authors: Sterling Gregory E. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
Philo von Alexandria bringt in seiner Beschreibung der Schöpfung und der Erzväter das Naturgesetz ins Spiel. Er behauptet, Mose habe seiner Darstellung des Gesetzes einen Bericht über die Schöpfung vorangestellt, um damit die Harmonie von Tora und Naturgesetz zu demonstrieren (Opif 3). Die Erzväter verkörperten dieses Gesetz, bevor der schriftliche Pentateuch gegeben wurde (Abr 1–6). Philo meint, dass Heiden, die Gott sahen, „Israeliten“ sind und dass unter diese auch diejenigen fallen, die sich der Philosophie widmen (Virt 65). Paulus scheint ebenfalls die Ansicht zu kennen, dass Menschen aus den Völkern das Naturgesetz halten können (Röm 2,12–16) und damit zeigen, dass sie am Herzen beschnitten sind (Röm 2,25–29). Philo und Paulus haben in diesen Erörterungen vier Hauptanliegen gemeinsam: Beide glauben, dass Menschen aus den Völkern das Gesetz halten können; beide verbinden das Naturgesetz mit dem Gesetz des Mose; die zwei gehören zu den frühesten Zeugen für die Vorstellung des „Gewissens“, obwohl sie den Begriff unterschiedlich nutzen; und beide verstehen die „Beschneidung“ als Beschneidung des Herzens, auch wenn sie sich darüber uneins sind, ob die physische Beschneidung wichtig ist. Diese Ähnlichkeiten legen nahe, dass Paulus die Art universalisierender Argumente, die Philo verwendet, kannte und sie aus rhetorischen Gründen in Röm 2 nutzte.
Rising Oseltamivir Use Among Hospitalized Children in a Postpandemic Era
Authors: Williams Joshua T.B. , Cunningham Maureen A. , Wilson Karen M. , Rao Suchitra 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:
Oseltamivir prescribing among pediatric inpatients with influenza varied from 2% to 48% prior to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. After the pandemic, prescribing guidelines were expanded, and studies reported benefits for hospitalized children. Post-pandemic prescribing practices among children are unclear.

OBJECTIVES:
To report the rate of oseltamivir use and to identify factors associated with its use among inpatients with confirmed influenza infection from 2010 to 2014 at a tertiary children’s hospital.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of inpatients with polymerase chain reaction–confirmed influenza from December 2010 to April 2014 at Children’s Hospital Colorado. The primary outcome was oseltamivir use. Variables regarding demographics, underlying medical conditions, diagnoses, and hospital course were also explored. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS:
Among 395 inpatients with influenza, 323 (82%) received oseltamivir. In univariate analyses, oseltamivir use was associated with admission within 48 hours of symptom onset (89% vs 77%), ICU admission (88% vs 79%), longer length of stay (90% for &gt;6 days vs 77% for ≤2 days), and influenza A H1N1 infection (P &lt; .05 for all). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, longer length of stay, illness during the 2013–2014 season, and admission within 48 hours of symptom onset were associated with higher odds of oseltamivir use.

CONCLUSIONS:
Oseltamivir use for children with influenza in the postpandemic era is increasing at our institution, aligning with official recommendations and reported benefits. We report highest use for patients in the 2013–2014 season, those who present early in their illness, and those requiring a prolonged hospital stay.
Retrospective Comparison of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine and Oral Chloral Hydrate for Sedated Auditory Brainstem Response Exams
Authors: Reynolds Jason , Rogers Amber , Capehart Samantha , Manyang Peter , Watcha Mehernoor F. 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE:Satisfactory conditions for auditory brainstem responses (ABR) screening tests for pediatric hearing loss are usually achieved with oral chloral hydrate (CH) sedation. When the US manufacture of this drug was discontinued for business reasons, we developed an alternative sedation regimen using intranasal dexmedetomidine (IN DEX) 4 μg/kg. This institutional review board–approved retrospective study compared the efficacy and adverse effect profiles of these 2 sedative regimens.METHODS:Medical records of children receiving oral CH or IN DEX for ABR were surveyed for demographic data and times from sedative administration to start and completion of the ABR procedure and recovery times. We also noted if the examination was completed with or without interruptions, failed for inadequate sedation, and if predefined cardiorespiratory adverse events occurred.RESULTS:In the IN DEX cohort, the examination could be completed more frequently with a single dose of medication (P = .002). Satisfactory sedation in these patients permitted an earlier start of both the ABR examination and recovery to the awake status (P &lt; .001 and &lt; .045, respectively). Hypoxia requiring oxygen therapy was more frequent in the CH group.CONCLUSIONS:This retrospective study found that IN DEX provides effective sedation for ABR examinations, with the benefits of an ability to begin the test sooner and complete the examination with a single dose, in addition to a decreased incidence of hypoxemia. A randomized controlled trial should test the hypothesis that the IN DEX technique is superior to the well-established standard oral CH regimen.
Changing Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in a US Pediatric Population
Authors: Sutter Deena E. , Milburn Emma , Chukwuma Uzo , Dzialowy Nicole , Maranich Ashley M. , Hospenthal Duane R. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of infection in both adult and pediatric populations. After several decades of increasing prevalence, the proportion of S aureus infections due to methicillin-resistant S aureus has been reported to be in decline in adults. Data for similar changes in pediatric populations are limited.

METHODS:
Evaluation of S aureus susceptibility data for pediatric patients receiving care in the US Military Health System was performed. Microbiology and demographic data were collected for years 2005 through 2014. Trends in antibiotic susceptibility results were evaluated. Clinical and demographic characteristics were explored to assess for association with antibiotic susceptibilities.

RESULTS:
In this study, 41 745 S aureus isolates from 39 207 pediatric patients were included. An overall increase in susceptibility of isolates to oxacillin was noted over this 10-year period; with over 60% of isolates oxacillin-susceptible in 2014. S aureus susceptibility to clindamycin declined over the study period; notably methicillin-susceptible S aureus susceptibility to clindamycin declined from 90% to 83% (P &lt; .0001). Differences in oxacillin susceptibility between US regions decreased over time.

CONCLUSIONS:
Similar to recent trends seen in adults, the proportion of pediatric S aureus infections secondary to methicillin-resistant S aureus appear to be decreasing, as is variability in US geographical resistance rates. Increasing clindamycin resistance among methicillin-susceptible S aureus should raise caution in the use of empirical clindamycin in presumed S aureus infection. Clinicians should be aware of regional susceptibility patterns when choosing empirical regimens.
Racial Ideology of Mestizaje and its Whitening Discourse in Memín Pinguín
Authors: Fernández Sánchez Paloma 
Published: March 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>En este artículo se analizará cómo la tira cómica </span><span>Memín Pinguín</span><span>, según la </span><span>teoría del mestizaje de </span><span>La razón cósmica </span><span>de Vasconcelos, presenta una ima- gen de la democracia racial aparentemente armoniosa y engañosa que, en última instancia, revela un discurso sobre el blanqueamiento. A pesar de que diferentes razas tienen un espacio en la tira cómica, su representación es es- </span><span>casa y los personajes blancos son los más representados. Los personajes ne</span><span>- gros –representados exclusivamente por Memín y su madre Eufrosina- son retratados como física e intelectualmente inferiores e instrumentales. Sus ac- </span><span>ciones son juzgadas y dirigidas por figuras de autoridad racialmente blancas. </span>Estas figuras consideran las acciones de Memín y de su madre como ilógi- cas o incorrectas generalmente. De todas maneras, estas mismas figuras reducen la negritud a una presencia mínima, sin repercusión en las vidas ajenas, además de presentarla como un rasgo recesivo que iría a desapare- cer. La no-representación de la presencia negra ni de su contribución a la sociedad mexicana sigue los mismos estándares aplicados diariamente en México. Mientras los elementos visuales de la tira cómica ofrecen al lector una aparente imagen inclusiva semejante a la que proclama el mestizaje, el discurso y las interacciones de los personajes introducen otras dinámicas menos inclusivas. </p></div></div></div>
Action Research: Fostering Students’ Oral Production in the EFL Class
Authors: Bula Villalobos Olmedo 
Published: March 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>El habla es una característica notable de los seres humanos. La gente habla </span><span>a diario con el fin de comunicarse e intercambiar información significativa. </span><span>Por lo tanto, el desarrollo de tal habilidad en los estudiantes que están apren</span><span>diendo una segunda lengua es muy importante. Este estudio reflexiona sobre la experiencia de usar tres actividades para hablar: 1- un juego de roles, </span><span>2- una entrevista y 3- estaciones de trabajo del habla para fomentar la pro- </span><span>ducción oral de los estudiantes en una clase de ILE (Inglés como Lengua Ex</span><span>- </span><span>tranjera). Adicionalmente, la metodología y el plan de acción son abordados. Con base en la investigación acción, este estudio informa sobre el uso y las sutilezas de estas actividades para hablar. La efectividad e implementación de estas actividades son también discutidas en este documento. Uno de los principales hallazgos de la investigación lo constituye la relevancia de estas </span><span>actividades cuando se enseña la habilidad de hablar. Finalmente, este pro</span><span>yecto de investigación fue especialmente útil ya que acentúa la conciencia de </span><span>las convicciones de enseñanza del investigador. </span></p></div></div></div>
English for Specific Purposes: Brief History and Definitions
Authors: González Ramírez Carolina 
Published: March 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Inglés con Fines Específicos (o ESP por sus siglas en inglés) nació en la década de 1960 como un área dedicada al análisis de textos técnicos. El énfasis en el uso del lenguaje en lugar de su forma se fortaleció a finales de la década, al igual que la tendencia de desarrollo de materiales. Las décadas de 1970 y 1980 vieron la consolidación del movimiento a partir del énfasis en las destrezas del lenguaje y el gran aumento en investigación. Se introdujeron conceptos claves tales como </span><span>género</span><span>, </span><span>movimientos retóricos </span><span>y </span><span>asesor especialista</span><span>. La investigación en el área ha prosperado en los últimos 20 años, especialmente en el ámbito internacional, donde nuevas revistas especializadas y la gran cantidad de artículos presentados para publicación comprueban la actual relevancia del área. Así como ha evolucio- nado el campo de ESP, así también han cambiado las definiciones dadas a este. Ya sea que ESP se considere una estrategia o una disciplina, o que cambien sus características o </span><span>variables</span><span>, ESP siempre se ha adaptado y continuará adaptán- dose para satisfacer las necesidades vocacionales o profesionales de su población meta, por lo que siempre tendrá un valor añadido de inmediatez y actualidad, pues como lo indica Harding (2007), ESP enseña el lenguaje para llevar a cabo (“the language for getting things done” (p. 6). </span></p></div></div></div>
El estudio de las relaciones internacionales en China antigua: el Sistema tributario en la dinastía Ming
Authors: Tzili Apango Eduardo , Martínez Ruiz Itzel , Fierro de Jesús Tonatiuh 
Published: March 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Los estudios sobre China, o Asia en general, ofrecen campos de investigación apropiados para la reformulación de teorías y paradigmas. Tal es el caso de la teoría del Sistema tributario, la cual ha explicado la historia de las relaciones internacionales de China durante medio siglo al </span><span>menos. Básicamente, esta teoría afirma que las relaciones entre China y sus vecinos fueron de carácter tributario, en las que las dinastías chi</span><span>nas fungieron como receptoras de honores y tributos, mientras que los pueblos circundantes tuvieron que acatar esta dinámica. Sin embargo, recientes investigaciones apuntan a que este tipo de vínculos no fue la </span><span>norma. Nuestro estudio se enfoca en las relaciones de la dinastía Ming con pueblos del norte y del sursureste. No pretendemos resolver cues- tiones históricas, sino, más bien, fomentar preguntas de investigación </span><span>que ahonden futuros académicos. Nuestra hipótesis es que las relaciones </span><span>tributarias solo se dieron en el nivel de gobierno mientras en el nivel de sociedad funcionó otro tipo de dinámica. Nuestra investigación nos lleva </span><span>a concluir que, al menos durante Ming, las relaciones tributarias tuvie</span><span>- ron auge y caída, pero las relaciones sociales se mantuvieron pese a la inexistencia de relaciones tributarias. </span></p></div></div></div>
MAX Phases: Understanding of Erosion, Corrosion and Oxidation Resistance Properties in TiAlSiCN and TiCrSiCN Compositions
Authors: Manulyk Alexander 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTNewly discovered MAX phases are attractive due to their unique combined properties: mechanical, high temperature, erosion and corrosion resistance. These materials are considered metallic and ceramic at the same time, and they could be the perfect solution for a variety of industrial and scientific applications. In this study, detailed attention has been paid to complex compositions of several transition metals, such as Ti and Cr in TiCrSiCN, whereas Al and Si are recommended for TiAlSiCN. These materials require a combination of both C and N to form the MAX phases (in the “X” position in the formula M(n+1)AXn). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of these elements located at the “M”, “A” and “X” positions on the mechanical properties of the materials. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis of TiCrSiCN showed that this phase is stable at temperatures as high as 1400 °C, while the Ti3SiC2 phase is stable up to 1300 °C.
Soluble Silicates as Additives for Self-Sealing and Self-Healing Concrete
Authors: Rendon Diaz Miron L. E. , Lara Magaña M. E. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTTensile strength of concrete is limited and therefore is sensitive to crack formation. Steel reinforcement is added to bear the tensile forces; nonetheless, this does not completely omit crack formation. Repair of cracks in concrete is time-consuming and expensive. Self-sealing and self-healing of cracks upon appearance would therefore be a convenient property. We propose a mechanism to obtain self-repair of the concrete by adding soluble silicates (ASS) which will induce a self-sealing and self-healing process catalyzed by natural periods of wet and dry states of the concrete. Self-sealing approaches prevent the ingress of harsh chemical substances which may deteriorate the concrete matrix. This can be achieved by self-healing of concrete cracks (e.g. further cement hydration, calcium carbonate precipitation) and autonomous healing (e.g. further hydration of partially soluble silicates added as healing agents). The autogenous healing efficiency depends on the amount of deposited reaction products (ASS), its solubility (ratio of calcium to sodium silicate), the availability of water, and the crack width (restricted by adding microfibers). The self-sealing efficiency is generally evaluated by measuring the decrease in water permeability and air flow through the crack. The healing efficiency is usually evaluated by testing concrete´s regain in mechanical properties after crack formation; by reloading the cracked and autonomously healed specimen and comparing the obtained mechanical properties with the original ones. Self-sealing and self-healing of concrete gives a broad perspective and new possibilities to make future concrete structures more durable.