bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved ground truth annotation by multimodal image registration from 3D ultrasound to histopathology for resected tongue carcinoma
Authors: Bekedam N. M. , van Alphen M. J. A. , de Cuba E. M. V. , Karssemakers L. H. E. , Karakullukcu M. B. , Smeele L. E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study’s objectives are (1) to investigate the registration accuracy from intraoperative ultrasound (US) to histopathological images, (2) to assess the agreement and correlation between measurements in registered 3D US and histopathology, and (3) to train a nnUNet model for automatic segmentation of 3D US volumes of resected tongue specimens.

Methods
Ten 3D US volumes were acquired, including the corresponding digitalized histopathological images (n = 29). Based on corresponding landmarks, the registrations between 3D US and histopathology images were calculated and evaluated using the target registration error (TRE). Tumor thickness and resection margins were measured based on three annotations: (1) manual histopathological tumor annotation (HTA), manual 3D US tumor annotation, and (2) the HTA registered in the 3D US. The agreement and correlation were computed between the measurements based on the HTA and those based on the manual US and registered HTA in US. A deep-learning model with nnUNet was trained on 151 3D US volumes. Segmentation metrics quantified the model’s performance.

Results
The median TRE was 0.42 mm. The smallest mean difference was between registered HTA in US and histopathology with 2.16 mm (95% CI − 1.31; 5.63) and a correlation of 0.924 (p < 0.001). The nnUNet predicted the tumor with a Dice similarity coefficient of 0.621, an average surface distance of 1.15 mm, and a Hausdorff distance of 3.70 mm.

Conclusion
Multimodal image registration enabled the HTA’s registration in the US images and improved the agreement and correlation between the modalities. In the future, this could be used to annotate ground truth labels accurately.
Preliminary antifibrotic and vasoconstrictor effects of adrenaline in Schlemm’s canal and suprachoroidal minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Luo Jinyuan , Fajardo-Sanchez Julia , Qin Mengqi , Patel Brihitejas , Mahtani Karishma , Ho Henrietta , Yu-Wai-Man Cynthia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the antifibrotic and vasoconstrictor effects of adrenaline in Schlemm’s canal and suprachoroidal minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS).

Methods
Human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells were treated with different concentrations of adrenaline (0%, 0.0005%, 0.01%), and we measured the effects on contractility, cell viability and the expression of key cell cycle and fibrosis genes. Adrenaline 0.05% was also injected intracamerally in five primary open-angle glaucoma patients undergoing iStent inject or MINIject surgery combined with phacoemulsification. All patients were assessed for ocular and systemic adverse reactions, including the effects on intraoperative pupil size, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and anterior segment OCT results.

Results
Adrenaline significantly reduced the contractility of TM cells in a dose-dependent manner (87.8%, 80.6%, 7.9% matrix contraction with adrenaline 0%, 0.0005%, 0.01%, respectively). Adrenaline did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity even at high concentrations (P > 0.05). Adrenaline 0.01% significantly downregulated the expression of key cell cycle genes in the G2 and M phases, and also decreased the expression of MRTFB and ACTA2 genes (P < 0.05). Intracameral injections of adrenaline 0.05% in the five MIGS patients did not result in any ocular or systemic adverse effects.

Conclusion
We recommend intracameral injections of adrenaline 0.05% as a cheap and safe drug to be used before MIGS insertion. Adrenaline decreases the risk of bleeding from the trabecular meshwork and also exhibits antifibrotic effects by arresting the cell cycle, thereby increasing the postoperative success rates in MIGS.

Key message
What is known

Fibrosis is the main cause of surgical failure in minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). Mitomycin-C and 5-fluorouracil are too toxic to be used inside the eye.

What is new

Adrenaline reduced the contractility of trabecular meshwork cells and inhibited the expression of key cell cycle genes and fibrosis genes, without significant cytotoxicity.

Intracameral injection of adrenaline 0.05% did not result in any ocular or systemic adverse reactions in MIGS patients.
Psammoma bodies in thyroid: are they always indicative of malignancy? A multi-institutional study
Authors: Rossi Esther Diana , Agarwal Shipra , Erkilic Suna , Hang Jen-Fan , Jalaly Jalal B. , Khanafshar Elham , Ladenheim Alexander , Baloch Zubair 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTraditionally, psammoma bodies (PB) have been considered as tale-tell evidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and are frequently encountered in classic and other subtypes of PTCs. However, the presence of PBs in the thyroid gland does not always indicate malignancy. The leading hypothesis on their origin suggests that PB are remnants of papillary structures that have undergone thrombosis, necrosis, and subsequent calcification. From January 2010 to May 2024, 26 patients with psammoma bodies associated with benign thyroid lesions, mainly thyroid follicular nodular disease (TFND), Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), Graves’ disease, and follicular adenomas, were found. The case cohort included 16 females and 10 males with a median age of 49.3 years. The series included 12 TFND, two HT, and 12 follicular adenomas (11 out of 12 were oncocytic adenomas). Twenty-four out of 26 underwent total thyroidectomy. In 24 out of 26 cases, the entire lobes and parenchyma were included and serial cuts at multiple levels were performed in cases with PB but without any evidence of malignancy. Even though the detection of PB is associated with a malignant thyroid lesion, especially PTC and its subtypes, our multi-institutional series showed that in a minority PB can be found in a variety of benign thyroid lesions. Evaluation of the entire thyroid parenchyma at multiple levels is mandatory to exclude sub-centimeter papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Innovations to overcome the current waste problem caused by single-use plastics in the pursuit of a circular economy
Authors: Altenburger Luisa Marie , Yerokhin Stella-Maria , Mayer Leonard , Dijkstra-Silva Samanthi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Plastic production continues to increase each year, yet only 9% are successfully recycled. This has impacted natural habitats and ecosystems, due to an uncontrolled amount of waste. The food industry is a major contributor to plastic waste. To counter this problem, the demand for environmentally sustainable alternatives, i.e. bio-based plastics, in the pursuit of a circular economy is increasing. As such, this problem is interconnected and at the resource nexus of particularly, food, material, waste, and ecosystem. This systematic review provides an overview of different innovations regarding materials and additives for bio-based plastics for packaging in the food industry. The paper argues that a majority of materials for bio-based plastics originate from the food industry’s value chain and utilizing these resources is essential to reduce waste and to create more value, essentially addressing the problem with a focus on the resource nexus. Moreover, the importance of developing biodegradable and recyclable plastics to reduce the environmental impact of plastic waste is also highlighted, especially in the context of single-use food packaging. These findings and conclusions cumulated into a framework to differentiate the various materials and classify them regarding their biodegradability properties, origin (plant- or animal-based industry by-products and raw materials) and end-of-life scenarios. This contributes to the academic literature and practice by categorizing different kinds of materials, which might be labelled environmentally sustainable, particularly biodegradable, but which might not always be the case and critically discussing implications of this.
Improved regularity and analyticity of Cannone-Karch solutions of the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations on the torus
Authors: Ambrose David M. , Lopes Filho Milton C. , Nussenzveig Lopes Helena J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe consider the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations, with initial data having second derivatives in the space of pseudomeasures. Solutions of this system with such data have been shown to exist previously by Cannone and Karch. As the Navier–Stokes equations are a parabolic system, the solutions gain regularity at positive times. We demonstrate an improved gain of regularity at positive times as compared to that demonstrated by Cannone and Karch. We further demonstrate that the solutions are analytic at all positive times, with lower bounds given for the radius of analyticity.
Fortschreitende Parkinson-Krankheit
Authors: Hirschbichler Stephanie , Foki Thomas 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Prävalenz der Parkinson-Erkrankung nimmt stetig zu. Parallel steigt auch die Anzahl jener Patient:innen mit motorischen Wirkfluktuationen, bei denen trotz optimierter oraler/transdermaler Behandlung keine ausreichende Symptomkontrolle mehr möglich ist. Typischerweise korreliert dies mit reduzierter Lebensqualität. Für diese Gruppe von Patient:innen hat sich die therapeutische Palette zunehmend erweitert. Neben der tiefen Hirnstimulation, den jejunal verabreichbaren Levodopa-Präparaten (Levodopa–Carbidopa-Intestinal-Gel [LCIG], Levodopa–Carbidopa–Entacapon-Intestinal-Gel [LECIG]) sowie der ebenfalls pumpengesteuert subkutanen Verabreichung von Apomorphin steht nun neu kontinuierlich subkutan verabreichbares Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa als innovative gerätegestützte Therapie zur Verfügung.Im folgenden Artikel werden die entsprechenden Verfahren und ihre Vor- und Nachteile erörtert und die neue Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa-Behandlung anhand eines Fallbeispiels näher beleuchtet. Entscheidend für einen Therapieerfolg ist es, geeignete Patient:innen dem passenden Verfahren zuzuführen. Zum raschen und sensitiven Screening hat sich die „5-2-1-Faustregel“ in der Praxis bewährt, anhand derer eine prinzipielle Eignung für ein gerätegestütztes Verfahren zuverlässig erhoben werden kann.
Five-year survival of class II restorations with and without base bulk-fill composite: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Leinonen Jukka , Vähänikkilä Hannu , Luksepp Remo , Anttonen Vuokko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to determine the survival of class II composite restorations in premolars and molars with and without base bulk-fill composite in general dental practice.

Materials and methods
We collected data from the electronic patient files of the Public Dental Services in the City of Oulu, Finland. The timespan of data collection was from August 15th, 2002, to August 9th, 2018. The data consisted of class II composite restorations both with and without base bulk-fill composite. We compared the survival of these restorations using Kaplan–Meier survival curves, the log-rank test, survival rates, and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test.

Results
We observed 297 restorations in 96 patients. The five-year survival rates for restorations with and without base bulk-fill composite were comparable in premolars (77.5% and 77.4%, respectively) but different in molars (69.9% and 57.8%, respectively, p = 0.069). In molars, the restorations with base bulk-fill composite exhibited a higher survival rate in 14 patients, whereas in 11 patients the restorations without base bulk-fill composites exhibited a higher survival rate. In 24 patients the survival rates were similar for restorations with and without the base bulk-fill composite (p = 0.246).

Conclusions
The restorations with and without base bulk-fill composite had similar longevity.

Clinical relevance
Base bulk-fill composites are safe to use in general practice due to their similar survival rates compared to conventional composites.
Evolving capabilities of computed tomography imaging for transcatheter valvular heart interventions – new opportunities for precision medicine
Authors: Androshchuk Vitaliy , Montarello Natalie , Lahoti Nishant , Hill Samuel Joseph , Zhou Can , Patterson Tiffany , Redwood Simon , Niederer Steven , Lamata Pablo , De Vecchi Adelaide , Rajani Ronak 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe last decade has witnessed a substantial growth in percutaneous treatment options for heart valve disease. The development in these innovative therapies has been mirrored by advances in multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). MDCT plays a central role in obtaining detailed pre-procedural anatomical information, helping to inform clinical decisions surrounding procedural planning, improve clinical outcomes and prevent potential complications. Improvements in MDCT image acquisition and processing techniques have led to increased application of advanced analytics in routine clinical care. Workflow implementation of patient-specific computational modeling, fluid dynamics, 3D printing, extended reality, extracellular volume mapping and artificial intelligence are shaping the landscape for delivering patient-specific care. This review will provide an insight of key innovations in the field of MDCT for planning transcatheter heart valve interventions.
Sharp Gaussian upper bounds for Schrödinger semigroups on the half-line
Authors: Holst Paul , Vogt Hendrik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn 1998, V. Liskevich and Y. Semenov proved sharp Gaussian upper bounds for Schrödinger semigroups on $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

with potentials satisfying a global Kato class condition. Using similar basic ideas we show sharp Gaussian upper bounds for Schrödinger semigroups on the half-line, also assuming a suitable global Kato class condition. Our proof strategy includes a new technique of weighted ultracontractivity estimates.
Healthy Communities for Youth: A Cost Analysis of a Community-Level Program to Prevent Youth Violence
Authors: Pan Zhongzhe , Chapman Derek A. , Sullivan Terri N. , Bishop Diane L. , Kimmel April D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractYouth violence is a national public health concern in USA, especially in resource-constrained urban communities. Between 2018 and 2021, the Healthy Communities for Youth (HCFY) program addressed youth violence prevention in select economically marginalized urban communities, with the HCFY program reducing the likelihood of youth-involved violent crime. Leveraging costs from program expense reports, this study analyzes the costs of the HCFY program in order to inform policymaking and the program’s future ongoing implementation. Total HCFY program costs were $821,000 ($290,100 annually including program start-up costs) over the 34-month project period. Operationalization costs contributed the largest share (64.8%), with 45% attributable to intervention coordinators. In the intervention community, the program costs $100 per capita, $1100 per youth-involved crime case, and $8100 per youth-involved violent crime case. Findings were sensitive to the number of youth-involved crime or violent crime cases and costs of high-level program leadership and self-evaluation analysts, with the per youth-involved violent crime case cost ranging between $700 and $1600 over the program period. Analysis of HCFY program costs is an important step in determining the affordability of a community-level program to prevent youth violence in resource-limited urban communities.
“If They Help Us, We Can Help Them”: First Nations Peoples Identify Intercultural Health Communication Problems and Solutions in Hospital in Northern Australia
Authors: Kerrigan Vicki , McGrath Stuart Yiwarr , Baker Rachel Dikul , Burrunali Jeanette , Ralph Anna P. , Herdman Rarrtjiwuy Melanie , Alley Tiana , Armstrong Emily 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEffective intercultural communication between First Nations peoples and healthcare providers in colonised countries is required to deliver equitable healthcare and improve patient experiences and health outcomes. This paper presents First Nations peoples’ perspectives and proposed solutions to problematic communication experiences at Royal Darwin Hospital in northern Australia. The study’s methodological foundations comprise decolonising principles rooted in Critical Race Theory, Freirean pedagogy, and cultural safety. Eleven individuals from diverse First Nations backgrounds receiving treatment at the largest hospital in the Northern Territory, participated in in-depth interviews conducted in their preferred languages. Data were inductively analysed, adapted from a constructivist grounded theory approach and guided by First Nations knowledges. First Nations patients at Royal Darwin Hospital described a culturally unsafe hospital due to ineffective intercultural communication. Patient “counterstories” recounted instances of confusion, aggression, healthcare provider resistance to shared decision-making opportunities, pressure to abandon cultural protocols, and institutional neglect. Poor communication incited anger among staff and patients, and contributed to experiences of racism, missed appointments, clinical mistakes, patients prematurely discharging before completing treatment, and patients experiencing financial troubles and homelessness. In a spirit of generosity, patients proposed solutions focused on relationship building and mutual understanding so that new decolonised systems, which draw on First Nations and Western knowledges, can be codesigned. This study serves as a call to action for policymakers, administrators, and healthcare providers to prioritise improving intercultural communication by addressing the behaviour of staff and changing systemically racist policies in the pursuit of health equity and cultural safety for First Nations peoples.
Interleukin-5: an indicator of mild cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - a comprehensive investigation ranging from bioinformatics analysis to clinical research
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhu Wenwen , Yang Shufang , Niu Tong , Fareeduddin Mohammed Farooqui Huzaifa , Song Bing , Wang Hongxiao , Li Sumei , Wang Jumei , Xu Linlin , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Haoqiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Neuroinflammation constitutes an underlying mechanism for cognitive impairment. Here, we endeavor to scrutinize the potential contribution of interleukin-5 (IL-5) towards mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to assess its diagnostic value for MCI in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
RNA-seq was used to explore the potential neuroinflammation factors in the hippocampus of diabetic mice with cognitive decline. Additionally, the promising risk factor was verified in animals. Finally, the association between IL-5 levels and cognitive function and its diagnostic value for MCI were assessed.

Results
In animals, up-regulated IL-5 mRNA and protein levels were detected by RNA-seq and (or) verified experiments in the hippocampus of diabetic db/db mice with cognitive decline, compared to those of db/m mice without diabetes. In human, compared to diabetic patients without MCI, those with MCI demonstrate elevated levels of IL-5. It is natively associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, reflecting global cognitive function, and positively correlated with Trail Making Test A (TMTA) scores, reflecting information processing speed. Furthermore, an elevated level of IL-5 is identified as a risk factor for MCI, and a factor that influences TMTA scores. Finally, it is recommended that the cut-off value for IL-5 in the diagnosis of MCI is 22.98 pg/mL, with a sensitivity of 68.6% and specificity of 72.9%.

Conclusions
IL-5 is considered a risk factor for MCI in T2DM patients and is associated with their performance in information processing speed. Moreover, an elevated level of IL-5 is a plausible biomarker for MCI in T2DM patients.
A single bout of physical exercise improves 1-hour post-load plasma glucose in healthy young adults
Authors: Moffa Simona , Sorice Gian Pio , Di Giuseppe Gianfranco , Cinti Francesca , Ciccarelli Gea , Soldovieri Laura , Brunetti Michela , Sonnino Rebecca , Nista Enrico C. , Gasbarrini Antonio , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Mezza Teresa , Giaccari Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Physical exercise is a key component in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and plays an important role in maintaining a healthy glucose metabolism even in healthy subjects. To date, no studies have investigated the effect of a single bout of aerobic physical exercise on glucose metabolism in young, moderately active, healthy adults.

Methods
We performed an OGTT 7 days before and 24 h after a single bout of physical exercise, to evaluate 1-hour post-load plasma glucose and surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion.

Results
Glucose levels were significantly reduced after exercise at baseline and one hour after glucose load; similarly, insulin was significantly lower 1 h after glucose load. We found a significant increase in the Matsuda index, confirmed by OGIS index, QUICKI index, and by significant reduction in HOMA-IR. Conversely, we observed a trend to increase in HOMA-B.

Conclusion
This is the first study to evaluate the effect of a single bout of exercise on 1-hour glucose levels following OGTT. We found a significant reduction in 1-hour glucose levels following OGTT together with an increased insulin sensitivity. A single 30-minute bout of aerobic exercise also seemed to improve the insulin secretion pattern. Modifications in beta cell secretory capacity during exercise are likely secondary to an improvement in insulin action in insulin dependent tissues.
Cardiometabolic comorbidities and cardiovascular events in “non-functioning” adrenal incidentalomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Favero Vittoria , Parazzoli Chiara , Bernasconi Davide Paolo , Chiodini Iacopo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
Recent studies investigated the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH), diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or prediabetes, dyslipidemia (DL), metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular events (CVE) in patients with non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas (NFAI). We aimed to investigate the available literature to determine the prevalence of AH, DM, DM and/or prediabetes (Composite DM, C-DM), DL, MS and CVE in patients with NFAI as compared to patients without adrenal incidentalomas (AI).

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
A meta-analysis was performed using studies that evaluated the prevalence of AH, DM, C-DM, DL, MS and CVE in patients with NFAI versus matched subjects without AI. A random-effects model (DerSimonian and Laird) was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) for each outcome.

Results
Among the 36 available studies, 19 studies provided the necessary data (4716 subjects, mean age 57.6 ± 4.6). The association between AH, DM, C-DM, DL, MS and CVE was reported in 18 (4546 subjects), 7 (1743 subjects), 5 (4315 subjects), 11 (3820 subjects), 8 (1170 subjects) and 5 (2972 subjects), respectively. The presence of NFAI was associated with AH (OR 1.87, 95%CI 1.39–2.51), C-DM (OR 2.04, 95%CI 1.70–2.45) and MS (OR 2.89, 95%CI 1.93–4.32), but not with DM, DL and CVE.

Conclusions
Patients with NFAI have higher prevalence of AH, C-DM and MS than control subjects without NFAI.