bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solids Go Bio: Inorganic Nanoparticles as Enzyme Mimics
Authors: Ragg Ruben , Tahir Muhammad N. , Tremel Wolfgang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Wolfgang Tremel from Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. The cover image shows inorganic nanoparticles that mimic the catalytic activity of naturally occurring enzymes. The nanoparticles are more stable and cost‐efficient, and their high surface area endows them with a large number of active sites.
Benefit Paradox
Authors: Baruch Jay 
Published: May 2016

AbstractI could have been more understanding, especially when police brought a man I'll call Mr. Atkins to the emergency room for depression and suicidal ideation. But it was 3:00 a.m. and the ER was a carnival of disease and discontent, a parade of drunk drivers and folks who practiced conflict resolution with knives and bullets. A patient well known for her drug abuse wasn't done yelling at me for refusing to write her a narcotic script when a nurse tweaked at my elbow to please come speak with Mr. Atkins, who was making a case to walk out.
Implicit Cognition and Gifts: How Does social Psychology help Us Think Differently about Medical Practice?
Authors: Morar Nicolae , Washington Natalia 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article takes the following two assumptions for granted: first, that gifts influence physicians and, second, that the influences gifts have on physicians may be harmful for patients. These assumptions are common in the applied ethics literature, and they prompt an obvious practical question, namely, what is the best way to mitigate the negative effects? We examine the negative effects of gift giving in depth, considering how the influence occurs, and we assert that the ethical debate surrounding gift‐giving practices must be reoriented. Our main claim is that the failure of recent policies addressing gift giving can be traced to a misunderstanding of what psychological mechanisms are most likely to underpin physicians’ biased behavior as a result of interaction with the medical industry. The problem with gift giving is largely not a matter of malicious or consciously self‐interested behavior, but of well‐intentioned actions on the part of physicians that are nonetheless perniciously infected by the presence of the medical industry.Substantiating this claim will involve elaboration on two points. First, we will retrace the history of policies regarding gift giving between the medical profession and the medical industry and highlight how most policies assume a rationalistic view of moral agency. Reliance on this view of agency is best illustrated by past attempts to address gift giving in terms of conflicts of interest. Second, we will introduce and motivate an alternate view of moral agency emerging from recent literature in social psychology on implicit social cognition. We will show that proper consideration of implicit social cognition paints a picture of human psychology at odds with the rationalistic model assumed in discussions of COIs. With these two pieces on the table we will be able to show that, without fully appreciating the social‐psychological mechanisms (both cognitive and affective) of implicit cognition, policy‐makers are likely to overlook significant aspects of how gifts influence doctors.
LSD‐induced entropic brain activity predicts subsequent personality change
Authors: Lebedev A.V. , Kaelen M. , Lövdén M. , Nilsson J. , Feilding A. , Nutt D.J. , Carhart‐Harris R.L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPersonality is known to be relatively stable throughout adulthood. Nevertheless, it has been shown that major life events with high personal significance, including experiences engendered by psychedelic drugs, can have an enduring impact on some core facets of personality. In the present, balanced‐order, placebo‐controlled study, we investigated biological predictors of post‐lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) changes in personality. Nineteen healthy adults underwent resting state functional MRI scans under LSD (75µg, I.V.) and placebo (saline I.V.). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) was completed at screening and 2 weeks after LSD/placebo. Scanning sessions consisted of three 7.5‐min eyes‐closed resting‐state scans, one of which involved music listening. A standardized preprocessing pipeline was used to extract measures of sample entropy, which characterizes the predictability of an fMRI time‐series. Mixed‐effects models were used to evaluate drug‐induced shifts in brain entropy and their relationship with the observed increases in the personality trait openness at the 2‐week follow‐up. Overall, LSD had a pronounced global effect on brain entropy, increasing it in both sensory and hierarchically higher networks across multiple time scales. These shifts predicted enduring increases in trait openness. Moreover, the predictive power of the entropy increases was greatest for the music‐listening scans and when “ego‐dissolution” was reported during the acute experience. These results shed new light on how LSD‐induced shifts in brain dynamics and concomitant subjective experience can be predictive of lasting changes in personality. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3203–3213, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quiet connections: Reduced fronto‐temporal connectivity in nondemented Parkinson's Disease during working memory encoding
Authors: Wiesman Alex I. , Heinrichs‐Graham Elizabeth , McDermott Timothy J. , Santamaria Pamela M. , Gendelman Howard E. , Wilson Tony W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and resting tremor. It is now broadly accepted that these motor symptoms frequently co‐occur with cognitive impairments, with deficits in working memory and attention being among the most common cognitive sequelae associated with PD. While these cognitive impairments are now recognized, the underlying neural dynamics and precise regions involved remain largely unknown. To this end, we examined the oscillatory dynamics and interregional functional connectivity that serve working memory processing in a group of unmedicated adults with PD and a matched group without PD. Each participant completed a high‐load, Sternberg‐type working memory task during magnetoencephalography (MEG), and we focused on the encoding and maintenance phases. All data were transformed into the time–frequency domain and significant oscillatory activity was imaged using a beamforming approach. Phase‐coherence (connectivity) was also computed among the brain subregions exhibiting the strongest responses. Our most important findings were that unmedicated patients with PD had significantly diminished working memory performance (i.e., accuracy), and reduced functional connectivity between left inferior frontal cortices and left supramarginal–superior temporal cortices compared to participants without PD during the encoding phase of working memory processing. We conclude that patients with PD have reduced neural interactions between left prefrontal executive circuits and temporary verbal storage centers in the left supramarginal/superior temporal cortices during the stimulus encoding phase, which may underlie their diminished working memory function. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3224–3235, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survival outcomes after endoscopic resection for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma arising on inverted papilloma
Authors: Karligkiotis Apostolos , Lepera Davide , Volpi Luca , Turri–Zanoni Mario , Battaglia Paolo , Lombardi Davide , Accorona Remo , Bignami Maurizio , Nicolai Piero , Castelnuovo Paolo 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundSinonasal inverted papillomas (IPs) can be associated synchronously or metachronously to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 5% to 10% of cases. The purposes of the present study were to analyze the outcomes of patients with sinonasal SCC arising from inverted papilloma (IP‐SCC) treated through an endoscopic approach and review the pertinent literature.MethodsThe medical records of all patients treated for IP‐SCC between 1997 and 2014 at 2 referral centers following a uniform policy were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThirty‐four patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The 5‐year overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DFS), and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates were 66.8 ± 0.99%, 71.2 ± 0.96%, and 73.1 ± 0.82%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the advanced pT classification (pT3 or greater), the high‐grade of tumoral differentiation, the cranioendoscopic approach, and the recurrence of disease impacted negatively on survival rates.ConclusionThe endoscopic approach provides encouraging oncologic outcomes for sinonasal IP‐SCC, comparable to those observed with traditional external approaches while minimizing morbidity for patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708–1716, 2016
Reevaluation of postoperative radiation dose in the management of human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Chin Re‐I , Spencer Christopher R. , DeWees Todd , Hwang Michael Y. , Patel Pranav , Sinha Parul , Gay Hiram A. , Haughey Bruce H. , Nussenbaum Brian , Adkins Douglas R. , Lewis James S. , Thorstad Wade L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of patients with p16‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with postoperative intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) before and after an institutional dose reduction policy effective on February 2009.MethodsBetween 1998 and 2013, 175 consecutive patients with p16‐positive oropharyngeal SCC with extracapsular extension (ECE) and/or close or positive margins were treated postoperatively to 66 Gy (n = 109) or 60 Gy (n = 66) in 2 Gy/fx.ResultsBetween the 66 and 60 Gy groups, there was no difference in tumor classification (pT4 vs pT1–T3; p = .181) and nodal classification (pN2c–N3 vs pN0–N2b; p = .704), and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) group stage (IV vs I–III; p = .473). Median follow‐up was 5.9 years overall (66 Gy: 7.4 years; 60 Gy: 4.0 years). There was no difference in locoregional recurrence‐free survival (2‐year: 98.1% vs 98.5%; p = .421).ConclusionThis study suggests that treating p16‐positive oropharyngeal SCC with ECE and/or close or positive margins with postoperative IMRT to 60 Gy may not compromise locoregional recurrence‐free survival compared to 66 Gy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708–1716, 2016
Biodistribution of TAT‐LHRH conjugated chitosan/DNA nanoparticles in the mice bearing hepatoma xenografts
Authors: Liu Lanxia , Wang Hai , Liu Qi , Duan Mingli , Dong Xia , Zhu Dunwan , Zhu Yingjun , Leng Xigang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most prevalent malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. More effective cures for HCC patients are urgently needed, of which gene therapy is among those with the most potential. We previously developed a novel gene carrier by conjugating low molecular weight chitosan with TAT (transactivator of transcription) peptide and LHRH (luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone) analog, with the resultant TAT‐LHRH‐chitosan conjugate (TLC) demonstrating high selectivity for hepatoma cells in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether TLC can deliver the genes to the target organs and tissues in vivo, which is one of the critical features determining their medical application potential. The current study further investigated the in vivo distribution of TLC/DNA nanoparticles (TLCDNPs) in the nude mice with subcutaneous hepatoma xenografts. It was found that TLCDNPs delayed the renal clearance of DNA and prolonged its circulation time as compared with CS/DNA complexes (CDNPs) and naked DNA, but failed to demonstrate enhanced accumulation of DNA in the hepatoma xenografts. The mechanisms regarding the failure of TLCDNPs' tumor targeting in the mice bearing subcutaneous hepatoma xenografts remain unclear and need to be further addressed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2394–2400, 2016
An Expedient Synthesis of Novel Derivatives of Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines Using Magnetically Supported ZrO2 Nanocatalyst
Authors: Kheirkhah Leila , Mamaghani Manouchehr , Mahmoodi Nosrat Ollah , Yahyazadeh Asieh , Shojaei Abdollah Fallah , Rostamli Yaseman 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives via one‐pot multicomponent reactions of 6‐amino‐2‐(alkylthio)pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one, 3‐cyanoacetylindole and arylaldehydes using [Fe3O4@ZrO2] as magnetically recyclable nanocatalyst is reported. This protocol furnished the desired products in good to excellent yields (70–93 %) and lower reaction times. The catalyst could be easily and efficiently separated from the final product solution by an external magnet and be reused in 5 consecutive runs without any significant activity decrease.
Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of a Dual Variable Domain Immunoglobulin ABT‐981 Against IL‐1α and IL‐1β in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Kosloski Matthew P. , Goss Sandra , Wang Susanne X. , Liu Jia , Loebbert Ralf , Medema Jeroen K. , Liu Wei , Dutta Sandeep 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe interleukin (IL)‐1 family of proinflammatory cytokines are thought to play a significant role in the structural progression of osteoarthritis and its associated symptoms. IL‐1α and IL‐1β are 2 distinct cytokines found in the cartilage, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis. The aim of these studies was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ABT‐981, a dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD‐Ig) capable of simultaneously binding IL‐1α and IL‐1β, in healthy subjects and patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Fifty‐six healthy adult subjects were randomized to receive single doses of ABT‐981 intravenously (0.3, 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg), subcutaneously (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg), or matching placebo in a 3:1 ratio. Thirty‐six patients with osteoarthritis of the knee were randomized to receive 4 subcutaneous ABT‐981 doses of 0.3, 1, or 3 mg/kg administered every 2 weeks, 3 subcutaneous doses of ABT‐981 3 mg/kg every 4 weeks, or matching placebo in a 7:2 active:placebo ratio. ABT‐981 behaved similarly to conventional monoclonal antibodies following single or multiple doses with mean maximum serum concentrations 2 to 9 days after subcutaneous doses, mean terminal half‐lives of 10 to 14 days, and an absolute subcutaneous bioavailability of 46%. Exposure of ABT‐981 was approximately linear following single or multiple doses every 2 weeks with monoexponential decline of terminal‐phase concentrations. The most common adverse events associated with ABT‐981 were diarrhea and headache in healthy subjects and injection site erythema in subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee. Decreased absolute neutrophil counts were observed in response to ABT‐981 administration.
The external morphology of adult female Egrasilus labracis as shown using hexamethyldisilazane treated, uncoated specimens for scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Murray Harry M. , Hill Stephen J. , Ang Keng P. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe description and application of a modified Scanning Electron Microscope preparation technique using hexamethyldisilazane for small parasitic copepods was demonstrated though a high resolution depiction of individuals of Ergasilus labracis sampled from three spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in Bay D'Espoir, Newfoundland during summer 2015 and from archival samples retrieved from Atlantic salmon par (Salmo salar) stored at the Atlantic reference centre, St. Andrews, New Brunswick. The specimens were very well preserved showing high quality detail of important features and verifying those previously described using light microscopy by Hogans. Additionally the technique allowed excellent in situ demonstrations of mouth parts, swimming legs, and unusual and previously undescribed features of the second antenna including prominent striations and pore‐like structures found to define the claw. It is thought that this technique will become a quick and efficient tool for describing important taxonomic features of small parasitic copepods like E. labracis or other similar small aquatic organisms. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:657–663, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palaeo‐geoecological significance of Pleistocene trees in the Lluta Valley, Atacama Desert
Authors: Veit Heinz , May Jan‐Hendrik , Madella Andrea , Delunel Romain , Schlunegger Fritz , Szidat Sönke , Capriles José M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn the Lluta Valley, northern Chile, climate is hyperarid and vegetation is restricted to the valley floors and lowermost footslopes. Fossil tree trunks and leaves of predominantly Escallonia angustifolia, however, are abundant up to ∼15 m above the present valley floor, where they are intercalated with slope deposits, reflecting higher water levels in the past. A total of 17 samples have been radiocarbon dated, yielding ages between 38 and 15k cal a BP. The youngest ages of 15.4k cal a BP are interpreted as reflecting the beginning of river incision and lowering of the valley floor, impeding the further growth of trees at higher parts of the slopes. The most plausible scenario for this observation is intensified river incision after 15.4k cal a BP due to increased stream power and runoff from the Río Lluta headwaters in the Western Cordillera and Altiplano corresponding to the highstand of the Tauca and Central Andean Pluvial Event (CAPE) wet phase.
Use of Shewanella oneidensis for Energy Conversion in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Jorge A. Belen , Hazael Rachael 
Published: May 2016

Anaerobes are a unique class of organisms, they were able to survive the heavy bombardment of the Archean period by reducing various inorganic compounds to support their metabolism and drive respiration in the early Earth's oxygen poor environment. Of all the bacteria that evolved during this period, some of the most interesting ones were the exoelectrogens, which were able to transfer electrons using extracellular routes to a chemical that is not necessarily the immediate electron acceptor. This property allows them to function in microbial fuel cells, a sustainable technology that is being developed for simultaneous wastewater treatment and electrical power generation. There are still many limitations to overcome before microbial fuel cells can be implemented in real applications and fundamental knowledge of the biological processes behind the extra‐cellular electron transfer mechanisms are still lacking. In this work, we will be presenting current research pertaining to Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1. We also introduce the use of extreme conditions as a tool to investigate the mechanisms of biofilm formation and bacterial redox behavior of high pressure‐adapted Shewanella oneidensis.
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Maternal 47,XX,i(X)(q10) as a cause of false positive sex chromosome aneuploidy in noninvasive prenatal screening
Authors: DeMaio Alison , Green Andrew , Daly Sean 
Published: May 2016

What's Already Known About This Topic?

Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) has been shown to be a highly accurate tool for prenatal detection of aneuploidy, without risk to the fetus
Less is the accuracy of NIPS for the detection of sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs)
Reduced accuracy in diagnosis of SCA has been attributed to placental mosaicism
It is probable that some false‐positive diagnoses of sex chromosome aneuploidy are because of abnormal maternal karyotype
What Does This Study Add?

This is a case of abnormal maternal karyotype that leads to a false‐positive result for fetal sex chromosome aneuploidy
Two laboratories interpreted samples from the mother differently, with utilization of unique data analysis methods
This underscores the importance of how NIPS results are reported and genetic counseling that must follow
Caution is advised when acting upon positive results to avoid exposing fetuses to potentially harmful testing
Designing, launching, and implementing high quality learning opportunities for students that advance scientific thinking
Authors: Kang Hosun , Windschitl Mark , Stroupe David , Thompson Jessica 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInstructional tasks are key features of classroom practice, but little is known about how different components of tasks—such as selecting or designing tasks for a lesson, launching, and implementing them with students—shape the conditions for students’ intellectual engagement in science classrooms. Employing a qualitative multiple case study approach, we analyzed 57 science lessons taught by 19 first‐year teachers. We examined the potential for students’ intellectual work built into the tasks across the phases of instruction, and how the demand of the unfolding task deepened (or failed to deepen) students’ engagement in science. The findings suggest the importance of beginning a lesson with high quality instructional tasks—complex tasks that bear appropriate levels of epistemic uncertainty for a particular group of students in a particular moment. Beginning a lesson with high quality tasks; however, was insufficient by itself to ensure rigorous learning opportunities. With the use of complex tasks, higher quality opportunities to learn were observed in lessons in which: (i) the tasks were framed as a process of understanding contextualized phenomena; (ii) the specific disciplinary concepts in the task were related to big science ideas that transcended the activities themselves; and (iii) students’ implementation of these tasks were structured using tools that supported changes in thinking. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 1316–1340, 2016
Larval host records of butterflies in Japan
Authors: Saito Masayuki U. , Jinbo Utsugi , Yago Masaya , Kurashima Osamu , Ito Motomi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUsing Japanese literature, we created a consolidated list of host records of butterflies in Japan. The list used the host records described in eight major illustrated reference books, two checklists, and 14 other pieces of literature. The presence of larvae on plants, the observation of larvae eating plants or insects in the field were considered as host records. We collected all species recorded in Japan. Scientific, family, and Japanese names of butterflies were consolidated using the BINRAN database (http://binran.lepimages.jp/). Scientific and Japanese names of host plants were based on the YList database (http://ylist.info/). If scientific names of host plants were not found in YList, we used scientific names based on The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org/). Family names of host plants were based on the Catalogue of Life database (http://www.catalogueoflife.org/). Scientific, family, and Japanese names of host insects were based on the MOKUROKU database (http://konchudb.agr.agr.kyushu‐u.ac.jp/mokuroku/) for Hymenoptera and the catalogue of the Paraneoptera of Japan published by the Entomological Society of Japan for Hemiptera. We also provided the references of each host record and the original names described in the referred literature. Two datasets, HostDB and ReferenceDB, were created to include 3600 records of butterfly larval hosts in Japan, along with scientific and Japanese names of each species and a literature list. These datasets will be useful for basic and applied biological studies of butterflies. Data files are stored in the Ecological Research Data Archives (http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/JaLTER/ER_DataPapers/) and available from http://hostbj.lepumus.net/. These datasets are published under the Creative Commons License Attribution‐ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY‐SA, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‐sa/4.0/).