bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KATP Channels Mediate Differential Metabolic Responses to Glucose Shortage of the Dorsomedial and Ventrolateral Oscillators in the Central Clock
Authors: Yang Jyh-Jeen , Cheng Ruo-Ciao , Cheng Pi-Cheng , Wang Yi-Chi , Huang Rong-Chi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) central clock comprises two coupled oscillators, with light entraining the retinorecipient vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-positive ventrolateral oscillator, which then entrains the arginine vasopressin (AVP)-positive dorsomedial oscillator. While glucose availability is known to alter photic entrainment, it is unclear how the SCN neurones respond to metabolic regulation and whether the two oscillators respond differently. Here we show that the ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel mediates differential responses to glucose shortage of the two oscillators. RT-PCR and electrophysiological results suggested the presence of Kir6.2/SUR1 KATP channels in the SCN neurones. Immunostaining revealed preferential distribution of Kir6.2 in the dorsomedial subregion and selective colocalization with AVP. Whole cell recordings with ATP-free pipette solution indicated larger tolbutamide-induced depolarisation and tolbutamide-sensitive conductance in dorsal SCN (dSCN) than ventral SCN (vSCN) neurones. Tolbutamide-sensitive conductance was low under perforated patch conditions but markedly enhanced by cyanide inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Glucoprivation produced a larger steady-state inhibition in dSCN than vSCN neurones, and importantly hypoglycemia via opening KATP channels selectively inhibited the KATP-expressing neurones. Our results suggest that the AVP-SCN oscillator may act as a glucose sensor to respond to glucose shortage while sparing the VIP-SCN oscillator to remain in synch with external light-dark cycle.
Revealing the structure and distribution changes of Eucalyptus lignin during the hydrothermal and alkaline pretreatments
Authors: Wang Chenzhou , Li Hanyin , Li Mingfei , Bian Jing , Sun Runcang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn integrated pretreatment process based on hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) followed by alkaline pretreatment has been applied to treat Eucalyptus. The chemical composition and structure changes of lignin during the pretreatment were comprehensively characterized. The surface morphology of the cell walls and lignin distribution of the pretreated Eucalyptus were detected by scanning electron and confocal Raman microscopies. It was found that the chemical bonds between lignin and hemicelluloses were cleaved during the pretreatment. The results also indicated that the contents of β-O-4′, β-β′, and β-5′ linkages were decreased with the increase of hydrothermal pretreatment temperature and the cleavage of β-O-4′ linkages in lignin was accompanied with repolymerization reactions. 31P NMR analysis showed that the content of aliphatic OH was reduced as the temperature increased and the total phenolic OH was elevated and then declined with the increase of temperature. Raman spectra analysis revealed that the dissolution rate of lignin in the secondary wall regions was faster than that in cell corner middle lamella regions during the pretreatment. These results will enhance the understanding of the cell wall deconstruction during the pretreatment and the mechanism of the integrated pretreatment process acting on Eucalyptus.
Imputation-Based Whole-Genome Sequence Association Study Rediscovered the Missing QTL for Lumbar Number in Sutai Pigs
Authors: Yan Guorong , Qiao Ruimin , Zhang Feng , Xin Wenshui , Xiao Shijun , Huang Tao , Zhang Zhiyan , Huang Lusheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractResequencing a number of individuals of various breeds as reference population and imputing the whole-genome sequences of individuals that were genotyped with medium-density chips to perform an association study is a very efficient strategy. Previously, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of lumbar number using 60K SNPs from the porcine Illumina chips in 418 Sutai pigs and did not detect any significant signals. Therefore, we imputed the whole-genome sequences of 418 Sutai individuals from 403 deeply resequenced reference individuals and performed association tests. We identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for lumbar number in SSC1 with a P value of 9.01E-18 that was close to the potential causative gene of NR6A1. The result of conditioning on the top SNP association test indicated that only one QTL was responsible for this trait in SSC1. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) drop test result for the condition of the reported potential causative mutation (c.575T > C missense mutation of NR6A1) indicated that this mutation was probably not the underlying mutation that affected lumbar number in our study. As the first trial of imputed whole-genome sequence GWAS in swine, this approach can be also powerful to investigate complex traits in pig like in human and cattle.
Inhibiting breast cancer by targeting the thromboxane A2 pathway
Authors: Li Haitao , Lee Mee-Hyun , Liu Kangdong , Wang Ting , Song Mengqiu , Han Yaping , Yao Ke , Xie Hua , Zhu Feng , Grossmann Michael , Cleary Margot P. , Chen Wei , Bode Ann M. , Dong Zigang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTargeting the estrogen receptor as a strategy has been the gold standard for breast cancer chemoprevention or breast cancer recurrence, but its benefit is limited to estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Cyclooxygenases have been implicated in mammary tumorigenesis. We sought to identify the key prostaglandin responsible for the pro-neoplastic effect of cyclooxygenases and develop prostaglandin-targeted strategies for breast cancer chemoprevention or therapy. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that either thromboxane A2 synthase 1 or the thromboxane A2 receptor is highly expressed in human breast tumors as well as premalignant lesions, but not in normal mammary tissues. Clinically, the thromboxane A2 pathway might be associated with HER2-positive and axillary lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer. We found that the thromboxane A2 pathway was required for breast cancer cell growth, anchorage-independent growth and invasion capabilities. Importantly, we discovered that switching off thromboxane A2 biosynthesis effectively suppressed either MMTV-HER2-driven mammary tumorigenesis or breast cancer metastasis in preclinical animal models. Taken together, this study established a critical pathophysiological role of the thromboxane A2 pathway in breast cancer, and provided a rationale for introducing a strategy targeting thromboxane A2 for breast cancer chemoprevention and therapy.
Next-Generation Sequencing: Quantensprung für Forschung und Diagnostik in der Ophthalmologie
Authors: Bolz H. 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungViele Augenerkrankungen können erblich bedingt sein und weisen oft eine ausgeprägte genetische Heterogenität auf, d. h. sie können durch Mutationen in vielen verschiedenen Genen verursacht werden. Dies trifft besonders auf die Netzhautdystrophien zu: Mehr als 200 Gene sind für die isolierten Formen (z. B. Lebersche kongenitale Amaurose, Retinitis pigmentosa, Zapfen-Stäbchen-Dystrophie, kongenitale stationäre Nachtblindheit) und für Syndrome, bei denen zusätzlich Dysfunktionen oder Fehlbildungen anderer Organsysteme vorliegen, bekannt. Die gezielte Auswahl einzelner Gene für die Diagnostik war bislang schwierig und ihre Analyse mit der DNA-Sequenzierung nach der Sanger-Methode extrem aufwendig: Das Krankheitsbild lässt selten einen Rückschluss auf das betroffene Gen zu, und die Häufigkeiten von Mutationen der einzelnen Gene etwa bei der LCA waren nur unzureichend bekannt. Umfassende molekulargenetisch-diagnostische Abklärungen waren daher in den meisten Fällen nicht möglich. Die unter dem Sammelbegriff Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) zusammengefassten Verfahren der Hochdurchsatzsequenzierung haben innerhalb weniger Jahre zunächst die humangenetische Forschung und dann die molekulargenetische Diagnostik revolutioniert. Dies hat weitreichende Implikationen für die individuelle Betreuung und Beratung von Patienten mit erblichen Augenerkrankungen und deren Familien.
Deltex2 represses MyoD expression and inhibits myogenic differentiation by acting as a negative regulator of Jmjd1c
Authors: Luo Dan , de Morree Antoine , Boutet Stephane , Quach Navaline , Natu Vanita , Rustagi Arjun , Rando Thomas A. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
The data presented address a fundamental mechanism controlling the expression of a master regulator of cellular differentiation, MyoD, by a member of the Deltex family of proteins. We show that MyoD expression is regulated by modulation of histone methylation in its promoter region by the histone demethylase, Jjmd1c. These data provide insight into the epigenetic control of gene expression in the regulation of myogenic differentiation.
Model of brain activation predicts the neural collective influence map of the brain
Authors: Morone Flaviano , Roth Kevin , Min Byungjoon , Stanley H. Eugene , Makse Hernán A. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Evidence suggests that the brain is arranged in functionally specialized modules to form a network of networks (NoN). Understanding how functionality emerges from the integration of such modular architectures is one of the greatest scientific challenges. We introduce a model of brain NoN, which is robust against random node failures, captures the integration of functionally specialized modules in the brain, and provides falsifiable predictions about the locations of the most influential nodes, called neural collective influencers, in the brain network—predictions that are impossible in existing but fragile models of interdependent NoN. If confirmed by experiment, our results may pave the way for applications of clinical interest.
After the mines: the changing social and economic landscape of Malawi–South Africa migration
Authors: Johnson Jessica A. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBy the early 1970s, Malawi was the most significant supplier of mine labour to South Africa. Since then, for a variety of reasons, mine migrancy has dwindled. Nevertheless, migration to South Africa today looms large in the popular imagination, and is pursued by substantial numbers of Malawians, particularly men. By comparison with earlier migrants, however, their trajectories are less certain, their strategies more piecemeal. This paper will focus on contemporary migration to South Africa by young men from a particular village in Chiradzulu District, southern Malawi. Emphasising perspectives from their home village, it will offer insight into the impact of their migration upon family and gender relations, the social and economic situations of the wives and matrilineal kin whom they leave behind, and the tangible and intangible impacts of aspirations to South African migration.
Weighted Rellich type inequalities related to Baouendi-Grushin operators
Authors: Kombe Ismail , Yener Abdullah 
Published: March 2017

We find a simple sufficient criterion on a pair of nonnegative weight functions

a

(
x
,
y
)

a\left ( x,y\right )

and

b

(
x
,
y
)

b\left ( x,y\right )

in

R

m
+
k

\mathbb {R} ^{m+k}

so that the general weighted

L

p

L^{p}

Rellich type inequality

∫

R

m
+
k

a

(
x
,
y
)

|

Δ

γ

u

(
x
,
y
)

|

p

d
x
d
y
≥

∫

R

m
+
k

b

(
x
,
y
)

|
u

(
x
,
y
)

|

p

d
x
d
y

\begin{equation*} \int _{\mathbb {\mathbb {R}}^{m+k}}a\left ( x,y\right ) \left \vert \Delta _{\gamma }u\left ( x,y\right ) \right \vert ^{p}dxdy\geq \int _{\mathbb {\mathbb {R}}^{m+k}}b\left ( x,y\right ) \left \vert u\left ( x,y\right ) \right \vert ^{p}dxdy \end{equation*}

holds for all

u
∈

C

0

∞

(

R

m
+
k

)

u\in C_{0}^{\infty }(\mathbb {R}^{m+k})

. Here

Δ

γ

=

Δ

x

+

|

x

|

2
γ

Δ

y

\Delta _{\gamma }=\Delta _{x}+|x|^{2\gamma }\Delta _{y}

is the Baouendi-Grushin operator,

γ
>
0
,

\gamma >0,

m
,
k
≥
1

m,k\geq 1

and

p
>
1

p>1

. It is important to point out here that our approach is constructive in the sense that it allows us to retrieve already established weighted sharp Rellich type inequalities as well as to get other new results with an explicit constant on

R

m
+
k

.

\mathbb {\mathbb {R}}^{m+k}.

We also obtain a sharp

L

p

L^{p}

Rellich type inequality that connects first to second order derivatives and several new two-weight Rellich type inequalities with remainder terms on smooth bounded domains

Ω
\Omega

in

R

m
+
k

\mathbb {\mathbb {R}}^{m+k}

via a nonlinear differential inequality.
DeepEM3D: approaching human-level performance on 3D anisotropic EM image segmentation
Authors: Zeng Tao , Wu Bian , Ji Shuiwang 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Progress in 3D electron microscopy (EM) imaging has greatly facilitated neuroscience research in high-throughput data acquisition. Correspondingly, high-throughput automated image analysis methods are necessary to work on par with the speed of data being produced. One such example is the need for automated EM image segmentation for neurite reconstruction. However, the efficiency and reliability of current methods are still lagging far behind human performance.

Results
Here, we propose DeepEM3D, a deep learning method for segmenting 3D anisotropic brain electron microscopy images. In this method, the deep learning model can efficiently build feature representation and incorporate sufficient multi-scale contextual information. We propose employing a combination of novel boundary map generation methods with optimized model ensembles to address the inherent challenges of segmenting anisotropic images. We evaluated our method by participating in the 3D segmentation of neurites in EM images (SNEMI3D) challenge. Our submission is ranked #1 on the current leaderboard as of Oct 15, 2016. More importantly, our result was very close to human-level performance in terms of the challenge evaluation metric: namely, a Rand error of 0.06015 versus the human value of 0.05998.

Availability and Implementation
The code is available at https://github.com/divelab/deepem3d/

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An unusual case of right upper quadrant pain in a pregnant woman
Authors: Modayil Veena , Nelson Mathew , Stankard Brendon 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Uterine fibroids occur in up to 30% of women of reproductive age and can cause complications during pregnancy that can harm mother and fetus, such as prematurity and increased risk of miscarriage. This article describes a pregnant woman whose abdominal pain was diagnosed as degenerating uterine fibroids.
New Jersey PA regulation and the march on Trenton
Authors: Ramos Maryann , Mandel Ellen 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
New Jersey was the next to the last state to recognize physician assistants (PAs) and pass legislation allowing them to practice. This first-person account supported by interviews with those who were there details the trail to NJ licensure, including the development of a state society, the growth of support from strong leaders in the medical and academic communities, and the grassroots efforts of many PAs aspiring to work in their home state.
Targeted Peripheral Nerve-directed Onabotulinumtoxin A Injection for Effective Long-term Therapy for Migraine Headache
Authors: Janis Jeffrey E. , Barker Jenny C. , Palettas Marilly 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Onabotulinumtoxin A (BOTOX) is an FDA-approved treatment for chronic migraine headaches (MHs) that involves on-label, high-dose administration across 31 anatomic sites. Anatomically specific peripheral nerve trigger sites have been identified that contribute to MH pathogenesis and are amenable to both BOTOX injection and surgical decompression. These sites do not always correlate with the on-label FDA-approved injection pattern, but represent a more targeted approach. The efficacy of peripheral nerve–directed BOTOX injection as an independent long-term therapeutic option has not been investigated.

Methods:
The technique for peripheral nerve–directed therapeutic long-term BOTOX injection is described. A retrospective review was subsequently completed for 223 patients with MH. Sixty-six patients elected to proceed with diagnostic BOTOX injections. Of these, 24 continued long-term therapeutic BOTOX injections, whereas 42 matriculated to surgery. Outcomes were tracked.

Results:
Initial outcomes included significant improvement in migraine headache index (MHI) (53.5 ± 83.0, P < 0.006), headache days/mo (9.2 ± 12.7, P < 0.0009), and migraine severity (2.6 ± 2.5, P < 0.00008) versus baseline. MHI improved from the initiation of diagnostic injections to the establishment of steady-state injections (P < 0.002), and further improved over time (P < 0.05, mean follow-up 615 days) with no desensitization observed. Decompressive surgery resulted in significant improvement in MHI (100.8 ± 109.7, P < 0.0000005), headache days/mo (10.8 ± 12.7, P < 0.000002), migraine severity (3.0 ± 3.8, P < 0.00001), and migraine duration in hours (16.8 ± 21.6, P < 0.0007). MHI improvement with surgery was better than long-term BOTOX injections (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Though inferior to surgical decompression, preliminary data demonstrate that targeted peripheral nerve–directed BOTOX injection is an effective primary therapy for MH representing a possible alternative to nondirected BOTOX injection with decreased dosage requirements and potentially decreased cost.
The Effect of Soft Tissue Infections on Device Performance in Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: McAllister Kerrie , Linkhorn Hannah , Gruber Mayaan , Giles Ellen , Neeff Michel 
Published: March 2017

Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cochlear implant (CI) site infection and its subsequent management on CI mapping and CI performance. Risk factors for CI infections and pathogens causing infections were reviewed. Treatment options for CI infections were examined.

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Adult patients with a significant CI soft tissue infection from the Northern Cochlear Implant Programme, New Zealand over a 10-year period (August 2004 until August 2014).

Intervention:
Patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics, washout and debridement or ex-plantation and reimplantation of CI.

Main Outcome Measure:
CI mapping results and implant performance before and after management of CI infections were compared.

Results:
There were nine CI infections. Most patients (7/9) were treated with washout and debridement. One patient required removal of the CI and one patient was deemed medically unfit for a general anaesthetic and was managed conservatively with antibiotics alone. Seven patients received long-term antibiotics. Four patients were able to maintain CI performance after salvage treatment of the CI infection. Three patients had poorer CI performance after salvage treatment. One patient had reimplantation and became a nonuser due to only partial reinsertion.

Conclusion:
The pathophysiology of CI infections is complex. Infections can occur many years after CI surgery. The most common bacteria identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and skin commensals. Biofilms are present around implants that are removed from patients and biofilms may play a role in CI infections, but the mechanism of infection is not clear.
The Relationship of Superficial Cutaneous Nerves and Interperforator Connections in the Leg: A Cadaveric Anatomical Study
Authors: Gascoigne Adam C. , Ian Taylor G. , Corlett Russell J. , Briggs Chris , Ashton Mark W. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
The lower limb is a source of many flaps both for closure of local defects and for free transfer. Fasciocutaneous flap techniques have been progressively refined, although the vascular basis for their success needs clarification.

Methods:
Archival studies of 48 lower limbs were reviewed and combined with 20 studies of lower limbs from fresh cadavers, making a total of 68 investigations. Lower limbs were injected with a dilute lead oxide solution; the integument was removed and radiographed; and the cutaneous nerves were dissected, tagged with wire, radiographed again, and their paths traced on the original images.

Results:
The major cutaneous nerves in the leg are paralleled by a longitudinal vascular axis often comprising long branches with large-caliber true anastomotic connections between perforators. The most highly developed vascular axes followed the medial sural cutaneous and saphenous nerves, together with their accompanying veins, immediately superficial to the deep fascia. The intervening areas were characterized by shorter branches usually connected by small-caliber choke anastomotic connections.

Conclusions:
These findings provide the anatomical basis for the observed reliability of longitudinal flaps in the leg. The superficial cutaneous nerves of the leg, especially the saphenous and medial sural cutaneous nerves, are paralleled by a vascular axis on or beside the nerve comprising long perforator branches connected usually but not always by large-caliber true anastomotic connections. This emphasizes the importance of understanding the characteristics of interperforator anastomoses when designing and raising flaps.
Role of Mitomycin C in Preventing Capsular Contracture in Implant-Based Reconstructive Breast Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nava Maurizio Bruno , Rocco Nicola , Catanuto Giuseppe , Frangou Joanna , Rispoli Corrado , Ottolenghi Joseph , Bruno Novella , Spano Andrea 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Capsular contracture represents the most frequent complication after implant-based breast reconstruction. An experimental study on mice demonstrated that capsule formation around breast implants is considerably diminished after topical application of mitomycin C. The authors conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial investigating the efficacy of mitomycin C in reducing capsular contracture rates following implant-based breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer.

Methods:
The authors randomized all women older than 18 years scheduled for the second stage of an implant-based breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer at the National Cancer Institute in Milan from October of 2005 to February of 2010 to receive or not receive the topical application of mitomycin C during surgery. The authors assessed capsular contracture, major postoperative complications, and aesthetic outcome.

Results:
The authors randomized 322 patients to receive mitomycin C or not at the second stage of implant-based breast reconstruction. One hundred sixty-two patients were allocated to the mitomycin C group and 160 patients were allocated to the control group. The relative risk of capsular contracture in the mitomycin C group was 0.92 (95 percent CI, 0.60 to 1.41). Major complications leading to reintervention, oncologic outcomes, and aesthetic outcomes were comparable between the two groups.

Conclusions:
This is the first trial reporting data about the use of mitomycin C in breast reconstructive surgery in a clinical setting. Mitomycin C seems not to significantly affect capsular contracture rate and severity following implant-based reconstructive breast surgery at the tested doses.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, I.