bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fixed Point Theorems for Maps With Local and Pointwise Contraction Properties
Authors: Ciesielski Krzysztof Chris , Jasinski Jakub 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper constitutes a comprehensive study of ten classes of self-maps on metric spaces ⟨X, d⟩ with the pointwise (i.e., local radial) and local contraction properties. Each of these classes appeared previously in the literature in the context of fixed point theorems.We begin with an overview of these fixed point results, including concise self contained sketches of their proofs. Then we proceed with a discussion of the relations among the ten classes of self-maps with domains ⟨X, d⟩ having various topological properties that often appear in the theory of fixed point theorems: completeness, compactness, (path) connectedness, rectifiable-path connectedness, and d-convexity. The bulk of the results presented in this part consists of examples of maps that show non-reversibility of the previously established inclusions between these classes. Among these examples, the most striking is a differentiable auto-homeomorphism f of a compact perfect subset X of ℝ with f′ ≡ 0, which constitutes also a minimal dynamical system. We finish by discussing a few remaining open problems on whether the maps with specific pointwise contraction properties must have the fixed points.
Superconvergence Analysis of Gradient Recovery Method for TM Model of Electromagnetic Scattering in the Cavity
Authors: Jia Shanghui , Yao Changhui , Xie Hehu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the transform magnetic (TM) model of electromagnetic scattering in the cavity. By the Polynomial Preserving Recovery technique, we present superconvergence analysis for the vertex-edge-face type finite element. From the numerical example, we can see that the provided method is efficient and stable.
A New Two-Grid Method for Expanded Mixed Finite Element Solution of Nonlinear Reaction Diffusion Equations
Authors: Liu Shang , Chen Yanping 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn the paper, we present an efficient two-grid method for the approximation of two-dimensional nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations using a expanded mixed finite-element method. We transfer the nonlinear reaction diffusion equation into first order nonlinear equations. The solution of the nonlinear system on the fine space is reduced to the solutions of two small (one linear and one non-linear) systems on the coarse space and a linear system on the fine space. Moreover, we obtain the error estimation for the two-grid algorithm. It is showed that coarse space can be extremely coarse and achieve asymptotically optimal approximation as long as the mesh sizes satisfy. An numerical example is also given to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Moving Mesh Finite Element Method for Unsteady Navier-Stokes Flow
Authors: Wu Yirong , Wang Heyu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we use moving mesh finite element method based upon 4P1–P1 element to solve the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations in 2D. Two-layer nested meshes are used including velocity mesh and pressure mesh, and velocity mesh can be obtained by globally refining pressure mesh. We use hierarchy geometry tree to store the nested meshes. This data structure make convienence for adaptive mesh method and the construction of multigrid preconditioning. Several numerical problems are used to show the effect of moving mesh.
Retrieval of nitric oxide in the mesosphere from SCIAMACHY nominal limb spectra
Authors: Bender Stefan , Sinnhuber Miriam , Langowski Martin , Burrows John P. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. We present a retrieval algorithm for nitric oxide (NO) number densities from measurements from the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY, on Envisat) nominal limb mode (0–91 km). The NO number densities are derived from atmospheric emissions in the gamma bands in the range 230–300 nm, measured by the SCIAMACHY ultra-violet (UV) channel 1. The retrieval is adapted from the mesosphere and lower thermosphere mode (MLT, 50–150 km) NO retrieval (Bender et al., 2013), including the same 3-D ray tracing, 2-D retrieval grid, and regularisations with respect to altitude and latitude.Since the nominal mode limb scans extend only to about 91 km, we use NO densities in the lower thermosphere (above 92 km), derived from empirical models, as a priori input. The priors are the Nitric Oxide Empirical Model (NOEM; Marsh et al., 2004) and a regression model derived from the MLT NO data comparison (Bender et al., 2015). Our algorithm yields plausible NO number densities from 60 to 85 km from the SCIAMACHY nominal limb mode scans. Using a priori input substantially reduces the incorrect attribution of NO from the lower thermosphere, where no direct limb measurements are available. The vertical resolution lies between 5 and 10 km in the altitude range 65–80 km.Analysing all SCIAMACHY nominal limb scans provides almost 10 years (from August 2002 to April 2012) of daily NO measurements in this altitude range. This provides a unique data record of NO in the upper atmosphere and is invaluable for constraining NO in the mesosphere, in particular for testing and validating chemistry climate models during this period.
Intravascular disseminated coagulopathy as a debut of metastatic prostate cancer: A case report
Authors: Olarte Paula Espinosa , Muñoz Unceta Nerea Inés , Kopp Ray Manneh , Olmedo Jesús González , Gauna Daniel Castellano , Paz-Ares Luis 
Published: January 2017

Hormonal therapy has been the treatment axis of metastatic prostate cancer since 1940. Identifying rare forms of debut is important in order to initiate the best treatment as soon as possible. Intravascular disseminated coagulopathy (DIC) related to prostate cancer is mostly presented as chronic forms. Acute forms can also be the way of presentation, recognizing them is crucial due to its life threatening nature. Here, we present a case of debut of metastatic prostate cancer as an acute DIC. Reporting this case is important because of the unfrequently presentation and to consider combined chemohormonal therapy since the diagnosis.
Current Trends in Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Surgery Among Newly Trained Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Degen Ryan M. , Camp Christopher L. , Bernard Johnathan A. , Dines David M. , Altchek David W. , Dines Joshua S. 
Published: January 2017

Introduction:Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstructions are being performed with an increasing annual incidence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in UCL surgery among recently trained orthopaedic surgeons.Methods:The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons (ABOS) database was used to identify all UCL reconstructions from 2004 to 2013. Procedures were identified by Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes and verified byInternational Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision(ICD-9) codes. Data on surgeon fellowship, practice location, concomitant surgical procedures, and complications were collected.Results:One hundred sixty-four UCL reconstructions were performed by 133 ABOS Part II candidates. The annual incidence increased from 1.52 to 3.46 cases per 10,000 (P= 0.042). Reconstructions were most commonly performed by surgeons with fellowship training in sports medicine (65.9%), hand and upper extremity (18.9%), and shoulder and elbow (9.1%). Most reconstructions were performed in isolation (57.3%), or with ulnar nerve transposition (32.9%) or elbow arthroscopy (9.8%). Concomitant elbow arthroscopy rates decreased significantly (P= 0.022). Complications occurred in 9.8% of cases, although the rates did not significantly change (P= 0.466).Conclusions:UCL reconstructions are being performed with increasing frequency. Concomitant procedure rates remained the same, although arthroscopy was less commonly performed. Complication rates did not change considerably over the observed period. Further study of the surgical trends and associated long-term outcomes is warranted.Level of Evidence:Level IV
Framing labor contracts: Contract versus network theories
Authors: Knegt Robert 
Published: January 2017

‘Framing Labour Contracts: Contract versus Network Theories’
Since the 18th century the ‘contractual model’ has become both a paradigm of social theories (f.i. ‘rational choice’) and a dominant model of structuring labour relations. Its presupposition of the subjectivity of individual actors as a given is criticized with reference to network-based theories (Latour, Callon) and to analyses of Foucault. The current contract model of labour relations is analyzed from a historical perspective on normative regimes of labour relations, that imply different conceptions of ‘subjectivity’. Research into the regulation of labour relations requires an analysis in terms of an entanglement of human beings, technologies and legal discourse.
Molecular Tracing of the Origin of Six Different Plant Species in Bee Honey Using Real-Time PCR
Authors: Wu Yajun , Yang Yange , Liu Mingchang , Wang Bin , Li Meige , Chen Ying 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The quality of honey is significantly influenced by floralorigin. Mislabeling floral species occurs frequently in bee honey products. To protect consumers from economic fraud and maintain a fair market environment, methods to identify floralspecies in honey are necessary. In our study, real-time PCRs were established, targeting six honey types mainly produced in China (canola, Chinese milkvetch, Chinese chaste tree, locust tree, litchi, and longan). Sensitivity testing on DNA fromplant tissues exhibited LODs of about 0.5–5 pg/μL. For DNA extracts of pollen sediments from different honeyspecies, LODs ranged from 13.6 to 403.2 pg/μL. In an experiment to determine the practical LODs of honey in which adulterant honey was spiked in the genuine honey, adulterant honey as low as about 0.1–0.5% was detected in 90–100% in 10 parallel tests. Additionally, pollen was spiked in the honey and stored under various conditions to investigate the migration of pollen DNA into the honey supernatant. Finally, the efficiency of our method was investigated by testing honey samples of unknown compositions from different geographic regions. Of the 159 honey samples that were supposed tobe monofloral that had been collected in five provinces, a small portion were found to be contaminated with foreign pollen(7%). The methods proved to be specific, sensitive, and reliable in identifying the six plant species in honey, which would be a useful tool during the market supervision and QC of honey products.
Prospects and Challenges for the Commercialization of Biosimilars: Perspectives from the EU, Japan, and the US
Authors: Brougher Joanna 
Published: January 2017

With many blockbuster biologic drugs coming off patent in the next couple of years, biosimilars are making significant breakthroughs in cost-effective biologic therapies. The global market for biosimilars is expected to increase nearly 30 fold from $1.3 billion in 2013 to $35 billion by 2020. To promote biosimilar development and commercialization in the U.S., the Biosimilars Act was signed into law in 2010 to establish an abbreviated pathway by which the FDA could approve biosimilar versions of previously licensed biological products. Since its enactment, two biosimilars have been approved in the U.S. This Article will discuss key aspects of the U.S., the EU and Japanese approval pathways and will explore their likely impact on the commercialization of biosimilar medicines.Â Â
Milk ejection patterns remain consistent during the first and second lactations
Authors: Gardner Hazel , Kent Jacqueline C. , Prime Danielle K. , Lai Ching‐Tat , Hartmann Peter E. , Geddes Donna T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveMilk ejection is a critical physiological process for successful lactation in humans and without it little milk can be removed. Individual milk ejection patterns have been shown to remain consistent between breasts at different lactation stages and using different vacuum patterns with an electric breast pump. Little is known about the milk ejection characteristics during the second lactation period in the same mother. The objective of this study was to examine milk ejection characteristics in the same woman over two lactations.MethodsOne mother took part in two pumping studies during consecutive lactations. One pumping study examined milk ejection characteristics during simultaneous breast expression during the first lactation. The second pumping study (second lactation) used two different pumping patterns. Three distinct milk ejections were measured during each pumping session.ResultsMeasurements of milk flow were used to compare the duration and time taken to reach the peak of each milk ejection for two pumping sessions from each of the lactations. There were no significant differences in milk ejection characteristics between breasts, using different pumping patterns, or between lactations in this mother (P > .05).ConclusionMilk ejection appears to be a physiological response that is consistent across consecutive lactations within the same mother. This suggests that milk ejection characteristics are established during or prior to the first lactation. The infant appears to have little influence on the milk ejection characteristics of the mother.
A comparison of skeletal maturity assessed by radiological and ultrasonic methods
Authors: Utczas Katinka , Muzsnai Agota , Cameron Noel , Zsakai Annamaria , Bodzsar Eva B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe estimation of skeletal maturity is a useful tool in pediatric practice to determine the degree of delay or advancement in growth disorders and the effectiveness of treatment in conditions that influence linear growth. Skeletal maturity of children is commonly assessed using either Greulich–Pyle (GP) or Tanner–Whitehouse methods (TW2 and TW3). However, a less invasive ultrasonic method, that does not use ionizing radiation, has been suggested for use in epidemiological studies of skeletal maturity. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the accuracy of an ultrasonic method based on the GP maturity indicators compared to the standard GP radiographic method.MethodsSkeletal maturity of 1502 healthy children, aged from 6 to 18 years, was estimated by quantitative ultrasound and compared to GP bone ages estimated from left hand and wrist radiographs of a subsample of 47 randomly selected participants.ResultsThe ultrasonic bone age estimation demonstrated very strong correlations with all the radiological age estimations. The correlation coefficients ranged between 0.895 and 0.958, and the strongest correlation of ultrasonic skeletal maturity estimation was found with the Tanner–Whitehouse RUS method. The ultrasonic bone age estimation is suggested for use between the chronological ages of 8.5–16.0 years in boys and 7.5–15.0 years in girls.ConclusionsThe ultrasonic bone age estimation is suggested for use in epidemiological surveys since the sensitivity for screening for not normal bone development is appropriate, at least within the 8–15 years age interval.
Hypervalent Iodine(III)‐Mediated Oxidative Decarboxylation of β‐Keto Acids
Authors: Yuan Zhipeng , Zhao Tiantian , Yu Tianyang , Wang Junru , Wei Hao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOxidative decarboxylation of β‐keto acids mediated by hypervalent iodine(III) reagents is described. This decarboxylative C−O bond‐forming reaction uses a combination of (diacetoxyiodo)benzene and an aliphatic carboxylic acid to give the corresponding α‐acyloxy ketones. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds through a ligand coupling followed by decarboxylation. This reaction offers an attractive alternative to existing methods for the exclusive synthesis of α‐acyloxy ketones.
The dipteran parasitoid Exorista bombycis induces pro‐ and anti‐oxidative reactions in the silkworm Bombyx mori: Enzymatic and genetic analysis
Authors: Makwana Pooja , Pradeep Appukuttan Nair R. , Hungund Shambhavi P. , Ponnuvel Kangayam M. , Trivedy Kanika 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHymenopteran parasitoids inject various factors including polydnaviruses along with their eggs into their host insects that suppress host immunity reactions to the eggs and larvae. Less is known about the mechanisms evolved in dipteran parasitoids that suppress host immunity. Here we report that the dipteran, Exorista bombycis, parasitization leads to pro‐oxidative reactions and activation of anti‐oxidative enzymes in the silkworm Bombyx mori larva. We recorded increased activity of oxidase, superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin peroxidase, catalase, glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), and peroxidases in the hemolymph plasma, hemocytes, and fat body collected from B. mori after E. bombycis parasitization. Microarray and qPCR showed differential expression of genes encoding pro‐ and anti‐oxidant enzymes in the hemocytes. The significance of this work lies in increased understanding of dipteran parasitoid biology.
Disclosure of Child Physical Abuse and Perceived Adult Support among Swedish Adolescents
Authors: Jernbro Carolina , Otterman Gabriel , Lucas Steven , Tindberg Ylva , Janson Staffan 
Published: January 2017

Compared to child sexual abuse (CSA), little is known about disclosure of child physical abuse (CPA). Enhancing the understanding of the characteristics of disclosure is necessary for improved child protection. The aim of the present study was to examine disclosure of CPA and perceived adult support using both quantitative and qualitative data from a survey of child maltreatment carried out among a nationally representative sample of Swedish adolescents (n = 3202). We found that adolescents who experienced any child maltreatment (CPA, emotional abuse, neglect and witnessing intimate partner violence) were less likely to be able to identify an adult confidant compared to those without a history of abuse. Among the adolescents who reported severe CPA, 52 per cent had disclosed the abuse and the most frequent recipient of disclosure was a peer or sibling. Eleven per cent had disclosed to professionals within school, child protective services or law enforcement. Lack of trust in adults appeared to be the most prominent reason for non‐disclosure. Several adolescents who had disclosed abuse to professionals perceived an ineffective response, primarily because of professionals' lack of a child perspective. Some respondents experienced supportive interventions, specifically from school social workers. These patterns showed close similarity to disclosure of CSA. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Enhancing the understanding of the characteristics of disclosure is necessary for improved child protection’Key Practitioner Messages

Many adolescents have experienced CPA and few seek the attention of professionals.
Adolescents who have experienced any child maltreatment tend to lack trust in adults.
Peers have a key role to play in facilitating early disclosure of abuse.
Professionals need to address the perception among adolescents who have experienced child maltreatment that child protection systems are not child centred.
Hands‐on, community‐based interventions that engage peers, parents and professionals are needed in order to address the under-reporting of CPA.
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil from Leaves and Flowers of Pulicaria incisa sub. candolleana (Family Asteraceae)
Authors: Shahat Esraa A. , Bakr Riham O. , Eldahshan Omayma A. , Ayoub Nahla A. 
Published: January 2017

The composition of the essential oil isolated from leaves and flowers of Pulicaria incisa sub. candolleana E. Gamal‐Eldin, growing in Egypt, was analysed by GC and GC‐MS. Forty‐nine and 68 compounds were identified from the oils of the leaves and flowers accounting for 86.69 and 84.29%, respectively of the total detected constituents. Both leaves and flowers oils were characterized by the high content of carvotanacetone with 66.01, 50.87 and chrysanthenone 13.26, 24.3%, respectively. The cytotoxic activity of both essential oils was evaluated against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HEPG‐2, using MTT assay and vinblastine as a reference drug. Leaf oil showed higher activity with IC50 11.4 μg/ml compared with 37.4 μg/ml for flower oil. The antimicrobial activity of both oils was evaluated using agar well diffusion method towards two representatives for each of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as four representatives for fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration of both essential oils against bacterial and fungal strains was obtained in the range of 0.49 – 15.63 μg/ml.
Orientation of the OmpF Porin in Planar Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Ionescu Sandra A. , Lee Sejeong , Housden Nicholas G. , Kaminska Renata , Kleanthous Colin , Bayley Hagan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe outer‐membrane protein OmpF is an abundant trimeric general diffusion porin that plays a central role in the transport of antibiotics and colicins across the outer membrane of E. coli. Individual OmpF trimers in planar lipid bilayers (PLBs) show one of two current–voltage asymmetries, thus implying that insertion occurs with either the periplasmic or the extracellular end first. A method for establishing the orientation of OmpF in PLB was developed, based on targeted covalent modification with membrane‐impermeant reagents of peripheral cysteine residues introduced near the periplasmic or the extracellular entrance. By correlating the results of the modification experiments with measurements of current asymmetry or the sidedness of binding of the antibiotic enrofloxacin, OmpF orientation could be quickly determined in subsequent experiments under a variety of conditions. Our work will allow the precise interpretation of past and future studies of antibiotic permeation and protein translocation through OmpF and related porins.
Collapsed membranes within pelvic cyst: What is the diagnosis?
Authors: Dehghan Manshadi Seyed Ali , Rezahosseini Omid , Saberi Sadegh , Salahshour Faeze , Mahdavi Izadi Shahrzad 
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical MessageCollapsed membranes and daughter cysts are pathognomonic for hydatid cysts on imaging. The comma‐shaped lesions, visible within the hydatid cyst in sagittal view of MRI, are collapsed membranes. Although primary hydatid cyst of pelvic cavity is rare, clinicians should remember to include hydatid cysts in differential diagnosis of pelvic cysts.
Severe tricuspid regurgitation due to valvular entrapment of an inferior vena cava stent
Authors: Hesterberg Kirstin , Babu Ashok , Frank Maria , Hogan Shea , Krantz Mori J. 
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical MessageEndovascular venous stenting is increasingly performed for a variety of conditions. Inferior vena cava stent migration has been reported up to 6 months after placement; stent migration 6 months after implantation is uncommon. To our knowledge, this is only the second reported case of late stent migration with valve entrapment .
Juvenile dermatomyositis in a 4‐year‐old Kenyan girl
Authors: Grijsen Marlous L. , Mchaile Deborah , Geut Inge , Olomi Raimos , Nwako Maitseo , Requena Luis , Howlett William P. , Mavura Daudi R. , Dekker Marieke C. J. 
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical MessageTo our knowledge, this is the first case report of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) in Tanzania. It demonstrates that the characteristic cutaneous findings of JDM may easily be overlooked, especially on dark skin, and the difficulty of clinical management in resource‐constrained settings.
A forgotten nasogastric feeding tube that refuses to get out
Authors: Galanopoulos Michail , Tsigaridas Athanasios , Varytimiadis Lazaros , Papaefthymiou Apostolis , Kalampalikis Lazaros , Ladias Spyridon , Mantzaris Gerassimos J. 
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical MessageNasogastric tubes (NGT) are extensively used and generally harmless, yet loop formation and malpositioning are often reported especially when using thin NGT for enteral feeding which placed blindly; therefore, diligent follow‐up of NGT is required with confirmation of right placement, changing it to PEG if long use of NGT needed.