bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced brain UCP2 expression mediated by microRNA-503 contributes to increased stroke susceptibility in the high-salt fed stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat
Authors: Rubattu Speranza , Stanzione Rosita , Bianchi Franca , Cotugno Maria , Forte Maurizio , Della Ragione Floriana , Fioriniello Salvatore , D'Esposito Maurizio , Marchitti Simona , Madonna Michele , Baima Simona , Morelli Giorgio , Sciarretta Sebastiano , Sironi Luigi , Gelosa Paolo , Volpe Massimo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUCP2 maps nearby the lod score peak of STR1-stroke QTL in the SHRSP rat strain. We explored the potential contribution of UCP2 to the high-salt diet (JD)-dependent increased stroke susceptibility of SHRSP. Male SHRSP, SHRSR, two reciprocal SHRSR/SHRSP-STR1/QTL stroke congenic lines received JD for 4 weeks to detect brain UCP2 gene/protein modulation as compared with regular diet (RD). Brains were also analyzed for NF-κB protein expression, oxidative stress level and UCP2-targeted microRNAs expression level. Next, based on knowledge that fenofibrate and Brassica Oleracea (BO) stimulate UCP2 expression through PPARα activation, we monitored stroke occurrence in SHRSP receiving JD plus fenofibrate versus vehicle, JD plus BO juice versus BO juice plus PPARα inhibitor. Brain UCP2 expression was markedly reduced by JD in SHRSP and in the (SHRsr.SHRsp-(D1Rat134-Mt1pa)) congenic line, whereas NF-κB expression and oxidative stress level increased. The opposite phenomenon was observed in the SHRSR and in the (SHRsp.SHRsr-(D1Rat134-Mt1pa)) reciprocal congenic line. Interestingly, the UCP2-targeted rno-microRNA-503 was significantly upregulated in SHRSP and decreased in SHRSR upon JD, with consistent changes in the two reciprocal congenic lines. Both fenofibrate and BO significantly decreased brain microRNA-503 level, upregulated UCP2 expression and protected SHRSP from stroke occurrence. In vitro overexpression of microRNA-503 in endothelial cells suppressed UCP2 expression and led to a significant increase of cell mortality with decreased cell viability. Brain UCP2 downregulation is a determinant of increased stroke predisposition in high-salt-fed SHRSP. In this context, UCP2 can be modulated by both pharmacological and nutraceutical agents. The microRNA-503 significantly contributes to mediate brain UCP2 downregulation in JD-fed SHRSP.
Linoleic acid participates in the response to ischemic brain injury through oxidized metabolites that regulate neurotransmission
Authors: Hennebelle Marie , Zhang Zhichao , Metherel Adam H. , Kitson Alex P. , Otoki Yurika , Richardson Christine E. , Yang Jun , Lee Kin Sing Stephen , Hammock Bruce D. , Zhang Liang , Bazinet Richard P. , Taha Ameer Y. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLinoleic acid (LA; 18:2 n-6), the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the US diet, is a precursor to oxidized metabolites that have unknown roles in the brain. Here, we show that oxidized LA-derived metabolites accumulate in several rat brain regions during CO2-induced ischemia and that LA-derived 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, but not LA, increase somatic paired-pulse facilitation in rat hippocampus by 80%, suggesting bioactivity. This study provides new evidence that LA participates in the response to ischemia-induced brain injury through oxidized metabolites that regulate neurotransmission. Targeting this pathway may be therapeutically relevant for ischemia-related conditions such as stroke.
Photocatalytic hollow TiO2 and ZnO nanospheres prepared by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Justh Nóra , Bakos László Péter , Hernádi Klára , Kiss Gabriella , Réti Balázs , Erdélyi Zoltán , Parditka Bence , Szilágyi Imre Miklós 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCarbon nanospheres (CNSs) were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and coated with TiO2 and ZnO nanofilms by atomic layer deposition. Subsequently, through burning out the carbon core templates hollow metal oxide nanospheres were obtained. The substrates, the carbon-metal oxide composites and the hollow nanospheres were characterized with TG/DTA-MS, FTIR, Raman, XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM-SAED and their photocatalytic activity was also investigated. The results indicate that CNSs are not beneficial for photocatalysis, but the crystalline hollow metal oxide nanospheres have considerable photocatalytic activity.
Potent in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of a small molecule host defense peptide mimic through a membrane-active mechanism
Authors: Menzel Lorenzo P. , Chowdhury Hossain Mobaswar , Masso-Silva Jorge Adrian , Ruddick William , Falkovsky Klaudia , Vorona Rafael , Malsbary Andrew , Cherabuddi Kartikeya , Ryan Lisa K. , DiFranco Kristina M. , Brice David C. , Costanzo Michael J. , Weaver Damian , Freeman Katie B. , Scott Richard W. , Diamond Gill 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLethal systemic fungal infections of Candida species are increasingly common, especially in immune compromised patients. By in vitro screening of small molecule mimics of naturally occurring host defense peptides (HDP), we have identified several active antifungal molecules, which also exhibited potent activity in two mouse models of oral candidiasis. Here we show that one such compound, C4, exhibits a mechanism of action that is similar to the parent HDP upon which it was designed. Specifically, its initial interaction with the anionic microbial membrane is electrostatic, as its fungicidal activity is inhibited by cations. We observed rapid membrane permeabilization to propidium iodide and ATP efflux in response to C4. Unlike the antifungal peptide histatin 5, it did not require energy-dependent transport across the membrane. Rapid membrane disruption was observed by both fluorescence and electron microscopy. The compound was highly active in vitro against numerous fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans and non-albicans species, and it exhibited potent, dose-dependent activity in a mouse model of invasive candidiasis, reducing kidney burden by three logs after 24 hours, and preventing mortality for up to 17 days. Together the results support the development of this class of antifungal drug to treat invasive candidiasis.
The dual DPP4 inhibitor and GPR119 agonist HBK001 regulates glycemic control and beta cell function ex and in vivo
Authors: Huan Yi , Jiang Qian , Li Gang , Bai Guoliang , Zhou Tian , Liu Shuainan , Li Caina , Liu Quan , Sun Sujuan , Yang Miaomiao , Guo Nan , Wang Xing , Wang Shusen , Liu Yaojuan , Wang Guanqiao , Huang Haihong , Shen Zhufang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGlucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a vital role in glucose homeostasis and sustaining β-cell function. Currently there are two major methods to enhance endogenous GLP-1 activity; inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) or activating G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119). Here we describe and validate a novel dual-target compound, HBK001, which can both inhibit DPP4 and activate GPR119 ex and in vivo. We show that HBK001 can promote glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse and human primary islets. A single administration of HBK001 in ICR mice can increase plasma incretins levels much more efficiently than linagliptin, a classic DPP4 inhibitor. Long-term treatment of HBK001 in KKAy mice can ameliorate hyperglycemia as well as improve glucose tolerance, while linagliptin fails to achieve such glucose-lowing effects despite inhibiting 95% of serum DPP4 activity. Moreover, HBK001 can increase first-phase insulin secretion in KKAy mice, suggesting a direct effect on islet β-cells via GPR119 activation. Furthermore, HBK001 can improve islet morphology, increase β-cell proliferation and up-regulate genes involved in improved β-cell function. Thus, we have identified, designed and synthesized a novel dual-target compound, HBK001, which represents a promising therapeutic candidate for type 2 diabetes, especially for patients who are insensitive to current DPP4 inhibitors.
Spectral proof for the 4-aminophenyl disulfide plasma assisted catalytic reaction
Authors: Xia Lixin , Wu Shiwei , Wang Jing , Ma Caiqing , Song Peng 
Published: June 2017

Abstract4-Aminophenyl disulfide (APDS) forms on the surface of silver nanoparticles due to chemical adsorption and disulfide bond breakage. This leads to the formation of new silver chemical bonds to result in the new compound NH2-C6H6-S-Ag. This novel material produces enhanced Raman spectra under weak laser light irradiation. When irradiated a plasma-assisted catalytic coupling reaction of NH2-C6H6-S-Ag occurs leading to the formation of 4,4-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB). Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor this reaction process, showing clear spectral changes associated with each step after addition of Ag nanoparticles onto the APDS powder. This method clearly shows the mechanism of the plasma-assisted catalytic reaction and may also be useful for spectral imaging purposes.
Vakuumversiegelungstherapie von Wunden: randomisierte Studien von 2000 bis 2015
Authors: Peinemann Frank 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Vakuumversiegelungstherapie von Wunden (englisch: negative pressure wound therapy, NPWT) soll den Heilungsprozess der Wunde fördern. In randomisierten Studien (englisch: randomized controlled trials, RCT) werden hierzu widersprüchliche Ergebnisse berichtet. Systematische Reviews berichten über eine unklare Evidenz auch aufgrund methodischer Schwächen der RCTs und fordern weitere und bessere RCTs.
Methoden Ein Ziel der Arbeit war, die Anzahl der RCTs und der systematischen Reviews randomisierter Studien zu ermitteln, die im Zeitraum von 2000 bis 2015 publiziert wurden. Als Literaturquelle dienten PubMed, die Cochrane Library, Google, Literaturverzeichnisse identifizierter Artikel und Herausgeber von Evidenzberichten. Ein weiteres Ziel war die Bewertung der Qualität der RCTs. Es wurde evaluiert, ob die Randomisierung nachvollziehbar beschrieben wurde und ob die Schlussfolgerung von akzeptablen Endpunkten abgeleitet wurde.
Ergebnisse Die Literaturrecherche ergab 456 verschiedene Referenzen, in denen 49 randomisierte Studien und 81 systematische Reviews identifiziert wurden. Die Randomisierung wurde in 37% (18 von 49 RCTs) und ihre Verdeckung in 10% (5 von 49 RCTs) nachvollziehbar berichtet. Die Schlussfolgerungen wurden in 55% (27 von 49 RCTs) von akzeptablen Endpunkten abgeleitet. In 65% (32 von 49 RCTs) wurde eine Überlegenheit der NPWT berichtet. Dieser Anteil betrug 16% (8 von 49 RCTs), wenn lediglich Studien mit akzeptablen Endpunkten berücksichtigt wurden. In den systematischen Reviews wurden wiederholt identische Studiendaten eingeschlossen.
Schlussfolgerung Im Verlauf von über 16 Jahren wurden mehr systematische Reviews mit Sekundärdaten aus RCTs publiziert als die eigentlichen RCTs, in denen die klinischen Primärdaten berichtet wurden. Die Qualität vieler RCTs erscheint gering und die Aussagekraft der Schlussfolgerungen wird dadurch erheblich eingeschränkt. Die Fortsetzung wenig glaubwürdiger RCTs und redundanter systematischer Reviews scheint dringende Fragen in der klinischen Praxis nicht überzeugend beantworten zu können. Eine Strategieänderung mit Fokussierung auf individuelle Eigenschaften der jeweiligen Person und spezifische Wunden sollte in Erwägung gezogen werden.
Psychotherapie bei Schwindelerkrankungen – Eine störungsorientierte Gruppenbehandlung für angst-, depressions- und somatoform betonten Schwindel
Authors: Radziej Katharina , Schmid-Mühlbauer Gabriele , Limburg Karina , Lahmann Claas 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungFunktionelle Schwindelbeschwerden zeigen eine hohe Prävalenz und gehen nicht selten mit einer deutlichen Beeinträchtigung im Alltags- und Berufsleben einher. Oft sind sie mit einer Reihe anderer psychischer Störungen, insbesondere phobischen und weiteren Angststörungen, depressiven Störungen oder somatoformen Störungen im engeren Sinne assoziiert. Trotz der klinischen Relevanz ist die Datenlage zur Evidenzbasierung psychotherapeutischer Behandlungsansätze in dieser Patientengruppe nach wie vor dünn. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde ein Manual zur ambulanten Gruppenpsychotherapie für Patienten mit funktionellen Schwindelerkrankungen entwickelt. Dieses zielt darauf ab, ein besseres Verständnis für die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Körper und psychosozialen Faktoren zu entwickeln und so von einer Symptomfokussierung wegzuführen. Neben regelmäßigen Gleichgewichtsübungen beinhaltet das Programm unter anderem störungsorientierte Module zu Angst- bzw. Panikstörung, Depression und Somatisierung. Das phasendefinierte, 16 wöchentliche Sitzungen umfassende integrativ-psychotherapeutische Behandlungskonzept wird an dieser Stelle inhaltlich vorgestellt und ist Gegenstand einer aktuell laufenden randomisierten, kontrollierten Effektivitätsstudie. Diese soll der Evaluation der kurz- und langfristigen Wirksamkeit im Hinblick auf Schwindelcharakteristika und weitere Körperbeschwerden, die durch den Schwindel erlebten Beeinträchtigungen sozialer und physischer Aktivitäten sowie der schwindelassoziierten Angst und depressiven Beschwerden dienen. In einer Pilotstudie zeigten sich kleine bis große Prä-Follow-up-Effekte auf den primären und sekundären Ergebnismaßen. Aus der Pilotstudie ergeben sich zudem Hinweise auf die Akzeptanz und Durchführbarkeit des Gruppentherapiekonzeptes.
Akutes Leberversagen, akut-auf-chronisches Leberversagen, hepatorenales Syndrom, hepatopulmonales Syndrom und portopulmonale Hypertonie, Leberunterstützungsverfahren auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Lodes Uwe , Jacob David , Meyer Frank 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die akute Leberfunktionsstörung als akutes Leberversagen (ALV) oder akut-auf-chronisches Leberversagen (ACLV) ist ein intensivmedizinisches, interdisziplinär zu behandelndes Krankheitsbild mit einem hohen Letalitätsrisiko.
Ziel Nomenklatur, Pathophysiologie, Prognose und mögliche Therapieoptionen des ALV und des ACLV sollen erläutert werden einschließlich der Möglichkeiten der extrakorporalen Leberersatztherapie an der Schwelle zur Lebertransplantation (LTx).
Methode Narrative Übersicht mit selektiver Literaturrecherche und eigenen repräsentativen Fallbeispielen.
Ergebnisse/Eckpunkte ALV und ACLV haben vielfältige Ursachen und eine hohe Letalität. Beim ALV kommt es auf die genaue Ermittlung der Ursache an, weil teilweise spezielle Therapiemöglichkeiten zur Verfügung stehen. Sowohl bei ALV und ACLV kann zum Überleben eine Lebertransplantation erforderlich sein, für ALV und ACLV existieren unterschiedliche Kriterien für Indikationsstellung und Transplantatallokation. Zur extrakorporalen Leberunterstützung haben sich 2 Verfahren etabliert (MARS [molecuar adsorbent recirculating system] und FPSA [fractionated plasma separation and adsorption] Prometheus®). Beide Verfahren können in der Lage sein, bei einem ALV oder einem ACLV die Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit zu erhöhen, und sie werden in einzelnen Fällen zum Bridging zur LTx eingesetzt, außerdem in Einzelfällen zur primären Giftelimination, z. B. nach Amatoxiningestion. Beide Verfahren sind nicht als Dauertherapie geeignet.
Schlussfolgerung Akutes Leberversagen und akut-auf-chronisches Leberversagen sind schwerwiegende Krankheitsbilder mit hohem Letalitätsrisiko. Betroffene Patienten sollten schnellstmöglich einer interdisziplinären Intensivtherapie in einem (tertiären) Zentrum zugeführt werden mit dem Ziel, die Krankheitsursache und mögliche Therapieoptionen hinsichtlich vorgehaltener extrakorporaler Leberunterstützungsverfahren und Lebertransplantation abzuklären.
Red state, blue state, green state: analysing the geography of federal environmental crime prosecutions within and across the U.S. states
Authors: Ozymy Joshua , Jarrell Melissa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhile green criminologists note that environmental crimes are taken less seriously than street crimes by law enforcement and the criminal justice system, the diffuse structure of the environmental regulatory regime in the United States and lack of governmental databases makes empirical assessment of environmental crimes and enforcement efforts particularly difficult. This article builds on a need in the green criminological literature to empirically assess the distribution and prosecution of environmental crimes in the United States, by focusing on the underserved area of the U.S. states. Using content analysis of 972 federal environmental crime prosecutions 2001–2011, this article explores the nature and geography of these crimes and subsequent prosecutions within and across the U.S. states. Our findings show a wide distribution of crimes and prosecutions occurring across the states, with Clean Air and Clean Water violations being particularly prevalent. We also find a weak trend between prosecutions and both the amount of pollution and number of environmental groups per state, but the small number of cases and limitations of the data make drawing firm conclusions difficult. These findings show an increased need to build databases to understand the prevalence of environmental crimes and the prosecution of those offenses in the U.S. states.
Evidential adverbs in German
Authors: Axel-Tober Katrin , Müller Kalle 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article addresses the semantic and morphosyntactic development of the German evidential adverbsoffensichtlich, offenbar, anscheinend, andscheinbar‘obviously’/‘apparently’/‘seemingly’ and their meaning contribution in present-day German. It will be argued that these expressions, most of which are historically derived from adjectives, innovated separate lexical entries as sentence adverbs in New High German resulting from a morphosyntactic reanalysis of an ambiguous surface structure. This reanalysis was accompanied by a profound semantic change, as a result of which the expressions acquired a wide-scope reading of the type ‘there is (clear) evidence that p’. The diachronic results are corroborated by experimental data from Present-Day German that show that these evidential sentence adverbs are underspecified with respect to evidence type (inference and report). The diachronic and synchronic findings are furthermore discussed in the light of grammaticalization and subjectification theory.
Constructing identities on a Japanese gay dating site
Authors: Baudinette Thomas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBy analysing 200 posts on a Japanese gay dating Bulletin Board System (deai-keiBBS), I investigate how users strategically deploy language to construct desirable identities and “sell themselves” online. Drawing upon both quantitative and qualitative analysis, I demonstrate that users of the BBS creatively manipulate stereotypical identity categories known as Types (taipu) to construct highly nuanced yet specific discourses of the Self and the desired Other. Through a discursive analysis of the strategies users employ to construct their own identities, and the identities of their desired partners, I argue that identity categories marked as masculine and hunky (sawayaka) are privileged as more desirable than feminine and cute (kawaii) identities. Through this analysis, I suggest that users of this particular forum appear to valorise heteronormative masculinity, which they link to being hunky. Furthermore, I argue that being cute is considered undesirable due to its perception as transgressing normative masculine gendered traits.
Building a body of followers
Authors: Hiramoto Mie , Lai Yanning 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn 2014, a British journalist coined the termspornosexualto account for the emergence of a body-obsessed version ofmetrosexuality. While metrosexuals practice beautification rituals, spornosexuals are men obsessed with developing muscular bodies and self-objectifyingly flaunting them online. In an age of neoliberalism and globalization, this form of masculinity has now spread worldwide, including to Singapore, as a hegemonic ideal male figure. Using a multimodal analysis, we investigate four racially Chinese, Singapore-based Instagram users who represent prototypical spornosexual ideals through their bodies and fitness practices. We examine the way these Instagram users embody the personhood of a spornosexual through their construction of mediatized identities online. The meanings and values associated with the muscular body are also explored and subsequently compared with traditional notions of masculinity in Singapore.
Of slurs and soccer
Authors: Femenías Blenda 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Since the late twentieth century, Buenos Aires has been widely publicized outside Argentina as a “gay-friendly” destination. This period has also seen increasing immigration to the city from other parts of South America, especially neighboring countries and others with sizeable indigenous populations. An ongoing popular national narrative highlights hyper-masculinity as a preeminently Argentine characteristic. Distinct discourses characterizing Argentina as racially white-majority and anti-foreign and anti-indigenous, overinvested in machismo, and at the same time welcoming to nonheterosexual foreigners seem, on the surface, to be at odds. In this essay I explore intersections among race, gender, sexuality, and foreign origin as cross-cutting planes of discourse, which are all subsumed within and constitutive of the Argentine national imaginary. While these distinct domains of reference can isolate and contain different sectors of Argentine society, I argue that it is the overlapping, simultaneous application of raced-sex terms that necessarily denies masculine superiority to others and promotes it among Argentine men. Ultimately, therefore, a “permissive” atmosphere cannot challenge heteronormativity. I consider the ways that racial and sexual epithets (including maricón and puto “fag,” boliguayo “Bolivian + Paraguayan alien” or “Indian,” and brasileño, literally “Brazilian” but code for “Afro-heritage/black”) are differently used in conversational settings and media reports about sports teams and sporting events, especially soccer, as well as during those events.
The good, the bad, and the gradient
Authors: Putnam Michael T. , Klosinski Robert 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlthough formal analyses of code-switching have enjoyed some success in determining which structures and interfaces are more fertile environments for switches than others, research exposing recalcitrant counter-examples to proposed constraints and axioms responsible for governing code-switching is abound. We advance the claim here that sub-optimal representations, i.e.,losers, stand to reveal important information regarding the interaction of grammatical principles and processing strategies of bilingual speakers and that any comprehensive analysis of code-switching phenomena should include them. These losers are the result of gradient activation in both input and output forms. We demonstrate how the formalism Gradient Symbolic Computation (GSC;Smolensky et al., 2014) can account for both of these observed facets of bilingual grammars in a unified manner. Building upon the work of Goldrick et al. (2016a,b), we provide an analysis of mixed determiner phrases (DPs) as an example of the fundamental components of a GSC-analysis.
The Cybersecurity Dilemma
Authors: Buchanan Ben 
Published: June 2017

Why do nations break into one another's most important computer networks? There is an obvious answer: to steal valuable information or to attack. But this isn't the full story. This book draws on often-overlooked documents leaked by Edward Snowden, real-world case studies of cyber operations, and policymaker perspectives to show that intruding into other countries' networks has enormous defensive value as well. Two nations, neither of which seeks to harm the other but neither of which trusts the other, will often find it prudent to penetrate each other's systems. This general problem, in which a nation's means of securing itself threatens the security of others and risks escalating tension, is a bedrock concept in international relations and is called the “security dilemma”. This book shows not only that the security dilemma applies to cyber operations, but also that the particular characteristics of the digital domain mean that the effects are deeply pronounced. The cybersecurity dilemma is both a vital concern of modern statecraft and a means of accessibly understanding the essential components of cyber operations.