bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Horizontal Well Drilling and Completion for Effective Development of Thin Oil-Rim Reservoirs in Malaysia
Authors: Chan Keng Seng , Masoudi Rahim , Karkooti Hooman , Shaedin Ridzuan , Othman Mohamad 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
For thin oil-rim reservoirs, well placement, well type, well path and the completion methods shall be evaluated with close integration of key reservoir and production engineering considerations. This involves maximizing reservoir fluid contact and drainage, optimizing the well productivity, and optimizing well life-cycle production profile along the wellbore. Field implementation cases in Malaysia have been shown that this integrated approach to design and drill horizontal wells can significantly minimize the well count, enhance the well performance, and improve the ultimate recovery per well in thin oil-rim reservoirs with varying reservoir complexity and uncertainties.
45 horizontal wells were progressively drilled and all completed with ICD in a relatively flat thin oil-rim reservoir offshore in peninsular Malaysia. In this successful oil development, well path between the GOC and OWC was optimized to delay the water breakthrough and reduce the decline trend in different reservoir sectors with varying horizontal well length up to &gt; 2,000 m. Good performance of the ICD was confirmed by PLT surveys and by tracer effluents evaluation with different type of tracers implemented in various sections of the horizontal well completion.
For a low pressure thinner oil-rim reservoir in offshore Sabah, horizontal wells were drilled with ICV completed in the gas cap. This smart well design enables having in-situ gas lift operation during the initial oil production, and progressively changing to the planned gas-cap blow-down operation for maximizing the overall hydrocarbon recovery. In another oil-rim reservoir, a long horizontal wellbore with ICD design was completed with dual-strings to further optimize drawdown pressure distribution along the long wellbore and improve oil drainage and oil recovery.
This paper is to share not only the lessons learnt in drilling and completion of these smart horizontal wells but also illustrate the impact of these smart well designs in adding values to the field development projects.

Introduction
Development of oil-rim reservoirs in Malaysia has been progressively improved over the recent years through a series of reservoir engineering studies and successful field implementations. Although, typical oil-rim reservoirs are characteristically wedged between a gas-cap and underlying aquifer, they can be structurally very complicated with faults and flow boundaries, having varying dips and saddles. Oil-rim reservoirs of various sand thickness can also be stacked and compartmentalized. Aquifer support varied from reservoir sector to sector, resulting in uneven pressure depletion and fluid contact change. Figure 1 showed such a vast oil-rim reservoir in Peninsular Malaysia.
Well Testing in Challenging Environments: A Case Study from Onshore China
Authors: Peng Xin Ling , Liang Mei Sheng , Hu Jie , Wu Xiao Lei , Qin Dong Lin , Tellapaneni Prasanna Kumar , Ren Bo Nan , Zhang Tao , Guo Zhi Hong 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The Pugang gas field situated in the Sichuan province near the city of Dazhou is one of the biggest inland gas discoveries of the last decade in China. With significant reserves, it is an important and strategic field for the operator and the region. However, with H2S concentrations as high as 10%, surface and downhole facilities design and execution still remains a challenge. Testing these wells has also proved difficult due to the surface risks inherent in a conventional testing operation. Also, with approximately 500 m of perforations, it is critical to identify the individual contributing zones before any meaningful analysis of the test can be done.
Well testing using production logging tools has recently been introduced in this field and it has proven to be of tremendous benefit to the operator in terms of both identifying the inflow zones and also in performing well test analysis. Production logging was done in two phases, namely shut in and flowing passes to identify cross flows (if any) and to identify potential inflow zones. Once this is established, a buildup analysis is done to measure the productivity potential and the average reservoir pressure. A good pre-job design and real-time analysis of the data was made to avoid unnecessary exposure of the logging tools to this highly corrosive environment.
This paper illustrates the challenges in planning and executing a production logging operation in challenging conditions and also shows the utility of performing these operations.

Field Introduction
The Puguang gas field, discovered in 2002, is the second largest gas field in China and the largest sour field discovered in the last decade (Ma, 2005). This field is located north of Chongqing in the Sichuan basin (Fig. 1). The giant field is a combination structural-stratigraphic trap closed by lateral depositional change and fault closure. The exploration area is a challenging environment, as it is located in a mountainous region with high surface elevations (up to 1,200m). The thickness of producing formations is between 176.4m~838.8m, and 395 on average. The reservoir fluid in this field is dry gas with high H2S (14.4%) and CO2 content (Ma 2007) (9.91%). The field is flanked on the west with a GWC at 5140 m TVDSS. With no voidage replacement mechanism in place yet, the production of water due to the contact movement is also a concern for the operator. Therefore production logging as a reservoir monitoring and surveillance tool has been introduced since 2010 and more than 18 wells have been tested to date.
Development of Piezoelectric Tool for Preventing Wax Deposition in Oil Flow Lines.
Authors: Sulaiman Ibrahim Alh-Dodo , Ajienka Joseph Atubokiki , Ikiensikimama Sunday Sunday 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Recently oil and gas production activities are moving to offshore which in many cases have low temperature below wax appearance temperature of the oil & gas produced from these reservoirs. Therefore oil and gas industry spend huge amount of money to prevent/treat wax deposits. The primary aim of this research work is to develop a tool for preventing /eliminating wax deposition in oil and gas production and transport system, using locally sourced piezoelectric energy generating materials.
Samples of waxy crudes were sourced from Niger Delta field and characterized for the purpose of this experiment. Natural quartz was sourced from Bauchi State while two semi-precious metals, zinc and lead were sourced from Jos Metallurgical Development Centre, Plateau State of Nigeria. Tool was fabricated using locally sourced quartz, semiprecious metals and aluminium which was fixed in to a simulated flow line. The experiment was performed in laboratory.
The results showed that as the waxy crude samples were flown past through the tool the quantity of wax deposits reduced drastically. It was observed that zinc + quartz proved more effective (about 58%) than lead + quartz (35%) when the performance on a sample (OSS-3) was which proved to be potentially more problematic were compared. In conclusion, the fabricated tool from quartz and semi-precious metals proved various degree of effectiveness depending on the sample of oil being treated.
For the first time a tool that generates piezoelectric energy, locally fabricated in Nigeria was used to prevent wax deposition in flow lines (laboratory scale). Also mechanism surrounding the process of preventing wax deposit by piezoelectric energy has been better understood from this research work. This research has added more value to the importance of piezoelectric materials. Complete flow model has been fabricated and flow tested on laboratory scale. The basic limitation is the inability to carry out field test and lack of support/collaboration from industry.
Selection of Passive Inflow Control Devices Based on Dynamic Weight Fuzzy Evaluation
Authors: Zeng Quanshu , Wang Zhiming , Wang Xiaoqiu , Li Yiwei , Zou Weilin , Xiao Jingnan , Chen Tian , Yang Gang , Zhang Quan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In long horizontal wells, early water or gas may breakthrough into the wellbore due to the imbalanced production profile caused by the heel-toe effect, reservoir anisotropic, reservoir heterogeneity or fracture-existing. Once coning occurs, oil production may severely decrease due to the limited flow contribution from the non-coning regions. Inflow control devices (ICDs) are installed to maintain the flow across production zones uniformly by creating an additional pressure drop which cancels out the imbalanced production profile.
Since a typical well with ICDs can be in production from 5 to more than 20 years, the long-term reliability of such a device is crucial to the well's overall success. Therefore, the ICDs must exhibit certain performance features during every phase of the well's life, however, the reality is that none of current ICDs alone meet the ideal requirements of an ICD designed, and current ICD selection for a specific reservoir mainly depends on the qualitative awareness of both the reservoir condition and the ICD performance.
To make a better selection of the ICDs, dynamic weight theory is introduced into the fuzzy evaluation, and analytic hierarchy process is used for reference, which make the weight of each evaluation index change with the reservoir condition. The optimal membership degrees of these ICDs with varying flow rate, fluid density, and fluid viscosity are first calculated and then compared, which help to develop the ICD selection pattern. With the help of the pattern, we can select the optimal ICD simply and quickly once the reservoir condition is determined, which has the best corrosion resistance and the least viscosity sensitivity.

1. Introduction
In long horizontal wells, early water or gas may breakthrough into the wellbore due to the imbalanced production profile caused by the heel-toe effect, reservoir anisotropic, reservoir heterogeneity or fracture-existing (Wang et al., 2011). Once coning occurs, water/gas fast track will be generated, and then oil production may severely decrease due to the limited flow contribution from the non-coning regions. Inflow control devices (ICDs) are installed to maintain the flow across production zones uniformly by creating an additional pressure drop which cancels out the imbalanced production profile.
The Elusive Low Frequency Shadow
Authors: Barnes Arthur E. , Mad Zahir M Hafizal B 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Low frequency shadows have long been accepted as direct hydrocarbon indicators, but few convincing examples have been published. A deliberate search for low frequency shadows on seismic data from multiple fields offshore Malaysia finds no clear candidates. Prospect-scale frequency shadows are difficult to detect with conventional seismic attributes because the subtle spectral changes caused by attenuation are masked by the much larger and more variable effects of reflection interference. Detectable low frequency shadows are too rare to serve as practical direct hydrocarbon indicators.

Introduction
Low frequency shadows have been widely accepted as direct hydrocarbon indicators since the 1970s (Sheriff, 1975; Taner et al., 1979). The prevailing view is that "low frequency shadows often have been observed beneath amplitude anomalies associated with gas reservoirs" (Chopra and Marfurt, 2007, p. 141). The idea is appealing. A low frequency shadow is a zone in seismic data characterized by anomalously low frequencies that occurs beneath a causative body. The body strongly attenuates the seismic energy, preferentially reducing the high frequencies Seismic reflections within a shadow lack high frequency content relative to surrounding reflections. Shadows have fairly clear beginnings but tend to fade quickly with depth. Because gas sands are the chief cause of anomalous attenuation, low frequency shadows serve as hydrocarbon indicators, and reduce risk in bright spot exploration. The large and obvious effects of gas clouds, gas chimneys, and shallow gas are not considered here as they are not primary exploration targets, but instead indicate gas escaping from deeper levels (Brouwer et al., 2008; Ghazali et al., 2013).
In spite of a long history and popular acceptance, few examples of low frequency shadows have ever been published, and none are especially convincing hydrocarbon indicators. This contrasts markedly with the record of other hydrocarbon indicators, such as bright spots, flat spots, amplitude conformance to structure, and AVO, for which published examples are numerous and credible. This raises the question: Do low prospect-scale frequency shadows really exist?
We search for prospective frequency shadows in poststack seismic data from a number of producing fields offshore Malaysia. We employ conventional seismic trace attributes, frequency decay curves, and volume spectral decomposition. We review many gas sands, bright spots, and frequency anomalies, but none clearly constitute low frequency shadows.

Method
We apply reflection strength, average frequency, and bandwidth attributes to poststack seismic data from offshore Malaysia to characterize patterns of spectral change and identify frequency anomalies. The frequency and bandwidth attributes represent averages weighted by the instantaneous power, and are derived in 30 ms (15 sample) windows. We supplement this analysis with a simple volume spectral decomposition that separates low and high frequency components of the seismic data to reveal local frequency anomalies.
The Mahakam Delta, Indonesia: a Case Study for the Deposition and Preservation of Transgressive Deltaic Successions
Authors: Lambiase Joseph J. , Riadi Ridha , Nirsal Nadia , Salahuddin S 
Published: May 2016

Introduction
Traditional models characterize the modern Mahakam Delta as a mixed river-dominated and tide-dominated delta that is presently prograding (e.g Galloway, 1975; Allen et al., 1976; Gastaldo et al., 1995; Allen and Chambers, 1998) and are commonly used as analogs to interpret subsurface successions. However, a recent quantitative study that describes the modern delta as transgressive and depositing a transgressive succession with very high preservation potential (Salahuddin and Lambiase, 2013) invalidates the use of the modern delta as a viable analog for progradational subsurface successions and suggests that transgressive successions may be relatively common in the subsurface.

The Modern Mahakam Delta
Quantitative hydrodynamic and sedimentologic data demonstrate the transgessive character of the modern delta that causes back-filling of the distributaries and relatively minor reworking of pre-transgression sediment. Very low wave energy in the receiving basin, plus rapid subsidence and burial, limits marine reworking to the uppermost pre-transgression strata and preserves the pre-transgression, progradational distributary and inter-distributary morphology. Ongoing back-filling of the distributaries is generating fining-upward successions that become increasingly marine upward. Current speed, and sediment transport capacity and competence decrease seaward so that the sediment flooring the distributaries is progressively finer downstream, which generates a fining-upward succession as transgression continues (Salahuddin and Lambiase, 2013). These successions also become more marine upward and have excellent preservation potential because of rapid subsidence rates and minor marine reworking.
Sandy back-filled distributary successions are somewhat thinner and closer together in the upper delta plain than in the lower delta plain. As these sands fill the topographically low distributaries, they are laterally adjacent to slightly older, pre-transgression progradational strata. In contrast, inter-distributary areas are developing relatively thin, sandstones directly above pre-transgression progradational strata and separated from it by a transgressive erosional surface generated by marine reworking. The three dimensional geometry of the sandstones within a transgressive succession is expected to be complex and highly dependent on the pre-transgression delta morphology. The back-filled distributary sandstones are sinuous and oriented quasi-perpendicular to the shoreline while the transgressive shoreline sandstones are shoreline-parallel with a lateral extent that is determined by the distributary spacing. Ongoing transgressive lobe-switching means that the back-filled distributary successions are not exactly contemporaneous and that they probably have highly variable thicknesses and lateral extent.
Les joueurs de football sont-ils des esclaves ? Conditions d’emploi dans le milieu du football professionnel en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles (1945-1961)
Authors: Taylor Matthew 
Published: May 2016

Les représentations populaires des conditions d’emploi des footballeurs professionnels en Angleterre avant les années 1970 sont habituellement résumées par une série de phrases interchangeables : « esclaves », « serfs », « domestiques » et « travailleurs contraints ». Les lectures nostalgiques ou misérabilistes, opposant souvent l’ancien système du salaire maximal et de la retenue-et-transfert à la relative liberté des ouvriers « normaux » de l’industrie, et du football après 1961, surtout après l’arrêt Bosman, se sont rarement fondées sur des analyses scientifiques précises. Consacré aux quatre décennies qui précèdent l’abolition du salaire maximal en 1961, cet article s’appuie sur les archives de la Ligue de football, des clubs, du syndicat des joueurs professionnels et celles du ministère du Travail, pour montrer que les conditions d’emploi des footballeurs étaient plus complexes et que le traitement des employés était plus varié qu’on ne l’admet en général. En regardant au-delà de la relation directe club-joueur et en reconnaissant que le marché de l’emploi du football et ses conditions d’emploi étaient en réalité le résultat d’un ensemble d’interactions entre l’association patronale, la fédération nationale, l’employeur, le syndicat et la main-d’œuvre du « vestiaire », il cherche à proposer de nouvelles interprétations de la façon dont les joueurs de football était réellement traités « sur le terrain ». Dans le pire des cas, on pouvait assimiler les conditions d’emploi des joueurs à de l’« esclavage » et à du « féodalisme » ; mais les réglementations, restrictives sur le papier, étaient souvent interprétées de façon telle qu’elles permettaient, en pratique, des libertés et des récompenses plus grandes.
L’engagement dans une formation immersive en langue bretonne
Authors: Pentecouteau Hugues , Servain Pierre 
Published: May 2016

À partir d’observations participantes menées dans une formation immersive en langue bretonne (Kamp Etrekeltiek ar Vrezhonegerion – KEAV), les auteurs analysent les formes d’engagement en formation comme étant à la fois individuelles et collectives. Si l’engagement collectif s’inscrit dans une démarche militante culturelle et politique en valorisant la dimension communautaire, l’engagement des individus en formation ne peut se faire que s’il existe un positionnement individuel et volontaire. C’est par conséquent à la condition d’un engagement pour soi, ayant du sens pour l’individu, que l’engagement collectif peut devenir, dans un second temps, un espace formatif, dans et par la sociabilité. L’engagement individuel est présenté ici comme une stratégie individuelle à deux entrées, se combinant le plus souvent l’une avec l’autre : un questionnement sur la filiation (linguistique) et un positionnement pragmatique sur les bénéfices de cet apprentissage.
Changement de direction dans une institution ou au sein d’une équipe : enjeux et souffrances
Authors: Meynckens-Fourez Muriel 
Published: May 2016

Dans cet article, nous partageons nos réflexions sur les aléas liés au changement de personne à une fonction de direction. Nous envisageons successivement le contexte, les enjeux autour de l’engagement, l’arrivée du nouveau directeur et ses paradoxes pour aborder la question de sa légitimité et les « examens de passage » auxquels il doit faire face. Pour terminer, nous dirons quelques mots sur la supervision d’équipe dans ce contexte avant de conclure.
Repères méthodologiques pour thérapeutes de couple débutants
Authors: Delvigne Frédéric 
Published: May 2016

Se basant sur dix ans d’expérience dans la formation de futurs conseillers conjugaux et familiaux, l’auteur énumère les « pièges » dans lesquels peuvent tomber les futurs thérapeutes conjugaux dans leur travail avec les couples : se centrer sur l’individu et oublier la relation, avaliser la première définition du problème, faire alliance avec un membre du couple, tenir le cadre de manière rigide, passer à côté de l’information pertinente, etc. A ces « pièges », l’auteur propose des pistes méthodologiques concrètes dans le maniement de la relation thérapeutique. Sans verser dans des recettes, l’article revisite les bases méthodologiques de la thérapie de couple sous la forme d’un questionnement : analyse de la demande, neutralité, cadre thérapeutique, profils de couple, etc. Il invite également le futur thérapeute conjugal à déconstruire certaines croyances à propos de l’acquisition de compétences thérapeutiques, du statut du « savoir » et de l’agressivité.
Morphology of spermatheca in Scutelleridae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) and its taxonomic significance
Authors: Czaja Joanna 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStructures of spermatheca in 63 species of Scutelleridae (Hemiptera) representing 46 genera and all subfamilies currently recognised in the family were examined and compared. The morphology of three main parts of the spermatheca (receptacle, intermediate part, and spermathecal duct) was described and three main types of spermatheca in Scutelleridae were identified. The taxonomic importance of spermathecal features for the higher classification of scutellerids is discussed.
Novel Insights into the Multiple Sclerosis Risk Gene ANKRD55
Authors: Lopez de Lapuente Aitzkoa , Feliú Ana , Ugidos Nerea , Mecha Miriam , Mena Jorge , Astobiza Ianire , Riera José , Carillo-Salinas Francisco , Comabella Manuel , Montalban Xavier , Alloza Iraide , Guaza Carmen , Vandenbroeck Koen 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
An intronic variant in ANKRD55, rs6859219, is a genetic risk factor for multiple sclerosis, but the biological reasons underlying this association are unknown. We characterized the expression of ANKRD55 in human PBMCs and cell lines. Three ANKRD55 transcript variants (Ensembl isoforms 001, 005, and 007) could be detected in PBMCs and CD4+ T cells but were virtually absent in CD8+, CD14+, CD19+, and CD56+ cells. Rs6859219 was significantly associated with ANKRD55 transcript levels in PBMCs and CD4+ T cells and, thus, coincides with a cis-expression quantitative trait locus. The processed noncoding transcript 007 was the most highly expressed variant in CD4+ T cells, followed by 001 and 005, respectively, but it was not detected in Jurkat, U937, and SH-SY5Y cell lines. Homozygotes for the risk allele produced more than four times more transcript copies than did those for the protective allele. ANKRD55 protein isoforms 005 and 001 were predominantly located in the nucleus of CD4+ T cells and Jurkat and U937 cells. ANKRD55 was produced by primary cultures of murine hippocampal neurons and microglia, as well as by the murine microglial cell line BV2, and it was induced by inflammatory stimuli. ANKRD55 protein was increased in the murine mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Flow cytometric analysis of CNS-infiltrating mononuclear cells showed that CD4+ T cells and monocytes expressed ANKRD55 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice, with the higher fluorescence intensity found in CD4+ cells. A low percentage of microglia also expressed ANKRD55. Together, these data support an important role for ANKRD55 in multiple sclerosis and neuroinflammation.