bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-adaptive NGSA algorithm and optimal design of inductors for magneto-fluid hyperthermia
Authors: Di Barba Paolo , Dughiero Fabrizio , Forzan Michele , Sieni Elisabetta 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present the optimal design of an inductor used to heat a magnetic nanoparticle fluid injected in a cell culture inside a Petri dish.

Design/methodology/approach
The inductor design is driven by means of a multi-objective optimization algorithm that generalizes the migration-non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA); it is called self-adapting migration-NSGA.

Findings
The optimized device is able to synthesize a uniform magnetic field in a nanoparticle fluid, substantially helping its heating capability. The ultimate scope is to assist the cancer therapy based on magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH).

Originality/value
The optimal design of an inductor for MFH applications has been carried out by applying an improved version of migration-based NSGA-II algorithm including automatic stop and a self-adapting concept. The modified optimization algorithm is suitable to find better optimal solutions with respect to a standard version of NSGA-II.
Numerical modeling of hybrid laser welding taking into account phase change of material
Authors: Doležel Ivo , Kotlan Václav , Hamar Roman , Pánek David 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present a three-dimensional (3D) model of hybrid laser welding of a steel plate. Before welding, the plate is pre- and/or post-heated by induction to avoid mechanical stresses in material due to high gradients of temperature. Welding itself is realized by laser beam without welding rod. The model takes into account existence of both solid and liquid phases in the weld.

Design/methodology/approach
Presented is the complete mathematical model of the above heat treatment process, taking into account all relevant nonlinearities (saturation curve of the processed steel material and temperature dependences of its physical parameters). Its numerical solution is realized by the finite element method. Some important results are compared with experimental data.

Findings
In comparison with the former model developed by the authors that did not take into account the phase change, the results are more realistic and exhibit a better accordance with measurements. On the other hand, they strongly depend on sufficiently accurate knowledge of material parameters in both solid and liquid levels (that represent the input data).

Research limitations/implications
The quality of calculated results strongly depends on the material properties and their temperature dependencies. In case of alloys (whose chemical composition may vary in some range), such data are often unavailable and must be estimated on the basis of experiments. Another quantity that has to be calibrated is the time dependence of power delivered by the laser beam, which is due to the production of a plasma cloud above the exposed spot.

Practical implications
The presented model and methodology of its solution may represent a basis for design of the complete technology of laser welding with induction pre-heating and/or post-heating.

Originality/value
Fully 3D model of hybrid laser welding (supplemented with pre- and/or post-heating by magnetic induction) taking into account both solid and liquid phases of welded metal and influence of the plasma cloud is presented.
Influence of the magnetic permeability on modeling of induction surface hardening
Authors: Barglik Jerzy , Smalcerz Albert 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Modeling of induction surface hardening strongly depends on accuracy of material properties data and their temperature characteristics. However, it is especially complicated in case of the magnetic permeability dependent not only on temperature but also on the magnetic strength. This paper aims to estimate the influence of the magnetic permeability on modeling of coupled physical fields describing the process. Investigations are provided for the gear wheels made of the steel C45E.

Design/methodology/approach
Computation of coupled electromagnetic temperature and hardness fields is based on FEM methods. The Flux 3D software is applied for the numerical simulation of coupled electromagnetic and temperature fields. The QT Steel software is applied for a determination of the hardness and microstructure distributions.

Findings
Obtained results may be used as a kind of background for the design of induction surface hardening systems.

Research limitations/implications
The presented calculation model provided quite a good accuracy of hardness distribution validated by the experiments. Next work in the field should be aimed at taking into account a dependence of the magnetic permeability on the field current frequency.

Originality/value
Mathematical model of induction surface hardening with taking into account time dependence on the magnetic permeability on temperature and magnetic strength is elaborated. Experimental validation of hardness distribution is provided. A quite reasonable convergence between simulations and measurements was achieved.
Overview of fire following earthquake: historical events and community responses
Authors: Elhami Khorasani Negar , Garlock Maria E.M. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present a literature review on the problem of fire following earthquake (FFE) as a potential hazard to communities in seismically active regions. The paper is important to work toward resilient communities that are subject to extreme hazards.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper lists and reviews the historical FFE events (20 earthquakes from 7 countries), studies the available analytical tools to evaluate fire ignition and spread in communities after an earthquake, discusses the available studies on performance of individual buildings under post-earthquake fires and summarizes the current literature on mitigation techniques for post-earthquake fires.

Findings
FFE can be considered a potential hazard for urban communities that are especially not prepared for such conditions. The available analytical models are not yet fully up to the standards that can be used by city authorities for decision-making, and therefore, should be further validated. Limited structural analyses of individual buildings under FFE scenarios have been completed. Results show that the drift demand on the building frame increases during post-earthquake fires. Despite the mitigation actions, there are still urban cities that are not prepared for such an event, such as certain areas of California in the USA.

Originality/value
The paper is a complete and an exhaustive collection of literature on different aspects of FFE. Research in earthquake engineering is well advanced, while structural analyses under fire load and performance of communities under FFE can be further advanced.
Discrete choice model of residential location in Krakow
Authors: Gluszak Michal , Marona Bartlomiej 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the link between socio-economic characteristics of house buyers and their housing location choices. The major objective of the study is an examination of the role of household socio-economic characteristics. The research addresses the importance of previous residence location and latent housing motives for intra-urban housing mobility.Design/methodology/approachThe research examines housing preferences structure and analyzes housing location choices in the city of Krakow (Poland) using discrete choice model (conditional logit model). The research is based on stated preference data from Krakow.FindingsThe results of this study suggest that demand for housing alternatives is negatively linked to the distance from current residence. Other factors stay equal, the further the distance, the less likely a household is willing to choose a location within the metropolitan area. The study indicates that housing motives can help explain housing location decisions.Practical implicationsThe paper provides an empirical assessment of housing decisions in Krakow, one of the major metropolitan areas in Poland.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to a better understanding of the nature of housing decision and housing preferences in emerging markets in Central and Eastern Europe. As a result, presented research helps to fill the gap in housing market and urban economics literature.
Unpacking differences in psychological contracts of organizational and self-initiated expatriates
Authors: Zhang Kate Yue , Rienties Bart 
Published: March 2017

PurposeGlobal staffing has remained a main focus within the field of international human resource management (IHRM) since the 1970s. However, research in the psychological contract (PC) of expatriates is limited. The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences in PC breach and violation for organisational expatriates and self-initiated expatriates (SIEs).Design/methodology/approachA survey questionnaire was developed covering 52 organisational expatriates and 119 SIEs from 35 countries/regions working in China. Four follow-up focus group interviews including four organisational expatriates and 12 SIEs were conducted to further explain the findings of the survey.FindingsThe findings indicate that organisational expatriates experience significantly lower levels of PC breach and violation than SIEs. Three broad thematic areas arose from the triangulation of focus group interviews, including uncertainties in functioning of contracts, differences in job securities and career development opportunities, and cultural differences.Practical implicationsEmployers should give a comprehensive orientation and cultural training to meet the needs of SIEs. Moreover, long-term career advancement paths should also be provided to SIEs to alleviate their vulnerability and insecurities working abroad.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the scholarship of self-initiated expatriation and PCs and give implications to IHRM strategies.
Spatial distribution of areas susceptible to sheet erosion in computing environment
Authors: Fiorentin Ailton Moisés Xavier , Miranda Renato Billia , Vitti Dalva Maria de Castro , Scarpinella Gustavo D’Almeida , Mauad Frederico Fabio 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Erosion is the main cause of soil and water degradation, which demands investments for the recovery of such natural resources. The purpose of this paper is to quantify and spatialize soil losses in a municipality with large areas of monoculture of sugarcane.

Design/methodology/approach
The Universal Soil Loss Equation was applied for the identification of areas susceptible to erosion in the municipality of Jahu, SP, Brazil. Soil maps, statistical census data from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, radar images from SRTM, rainfall data from Fatec-Jahu hydrometeorological station and digital satellite images from Landsat 5 TM were used for the analyses. Four basic parameters were evaluated: topography of the terrain, rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, and soil use and management factors. The analyses were conducted in the Geographic Information System (ArcView software).

Findings
The results show most of the municipality (91 percent) consists of areas of erosion potential. However, the remaining 9 percent can potentially produce 40 percent of the sediment load, which indicates the need for conservation practices and environmental recovery for a reduction in the erosion process acceleration.

Originality/value
In view of the expansion of sugarcane culture in the cities of São Paulo, the results show the importance of a master plan for new areas of sugarcane planting and the need for restoration of riparian vegetation in the surrounding streams and springs for the reduction of erosion.
Predicting procedural justice behavior: examining communication and personality
Authors: Lawrence Daniel S. , Christoff Thomas E. , Escamilla Justin H. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Law enforcement agencies have historically used psychological examinations, in addition to other methods, to screen candidates out of the applicant pool. However, agencies could be better served by ensuring recruits are predisposed to the expected behaviors and qualities that are required as part of community-oriented and respectful policing. The purpose of this paper is to provide an initial look into what officer-level characteristics might lead to improved treatment in police-community interactions (PCIs). Characteristics under review include communication styles and personality dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach
Data come from the National Police Research Platform’s longitudinal recruit study and its PCI survey. Community members were surveyed about their interactions with officers involved in the study. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze these two-level data.

Findings
The findings suggest that certain officer-level characteristics were associated with higher perceptions of procedurally just behavior. Specifically, officers with higher levels of empathy and lower levels of neuroticism scored higher on both the officer’s quality of treatment (QT) and quality of decision making toward the community member. Additional to those dimensions, officers with increased emotional control received higher scores on their QT.

Originality/value
These findings have important implications for identifying and measuring new characteristics to be used in police hiring procedures. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first instance where personality dimensions and communications styles have been used to predict law enforcement officers’ procedural justice behaviors in the field.
Effects of police agency diversification on officer attitudes
Authors: Alderden Megan , Farrell Amy , McCarty William P. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
In light of recent calls to increase the diversity of America’s police, the purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of agency and leadership diversification on officer job satisfaction and reported perceptions of fairness within the organization, factors known to influence retention and performance.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey of 15,236 officers representing 88 agencies was used, as well as other agency- and community-level variables. Multi-level models were used to assess how these individual- and agency-level variables, including measures of diversification, affected job satisfaction and perceptions of fairness.

Findings
Diversification in agency leadership positions was found to improve perceptions of fairness among all officers, in addition to ameliorating some feelings of unfairness among African-American officers. Diversification of the sworn ranks, in comparison to the population of the community, however, was not found to significantly affect the outcome measures.

Research limitations/implications
The study only examined the effects of diversification on officer perceptions. Future studies that link measures of diversification to citizen perceptions are needed to understand how members of the public respond to the image and characteristics of sworn personnel in their communities.

Practical implications
The results indicate the importance of retention and promotion of more diverse leadership in police agencies.

Originality/value
This study is one of the first to assess the effects of diversification in such a large sample of agencies of all types and sizes throughout the USA.
Police CEOs and subordinates’ perceptions of workplace misconduct
Authors: Maskaly Jon , Donner Christopher M. , Fridell Lorie 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether homophily – whereby people are influenced by those perceived as similar to themselves – affects attitudes toward police misconduct. Specifically, whether demographic dissimilarity between police chief executive law enforcement officers (CEOs) and subordinates is related to differences in perceptions of misconduct.Design/methodology/approachThe data for this research are drawn from the National Police Research Platform. Multilevel mixed-effects regression modeling is used to analyze data from 78 randomly selected US police agencies (78 law enforcement CEOs and 10,709 officers from those agencies).FindingsThe main finding is that demographic dissimilarity between the CEO and subordinates is associated with differences in attitudes about police deviance, net of other factors.Practical implicationsThe results exemplify the need to diversify police agencies at all levels, not just the lower ranks. Because employees were found to be more similar to those one step (up or down) from one another on the organizational hierarchy, diversifying at all levels of the police organizations will help to reduce the social distance between those in closer ranks, which could ameliorate the dissimilarity effect. Likewise, police agencies may need to adopt new management strategies to compensate for a diversifying workforce.Originality/valueThis study builds on previous research and investigates an understudied topic in the policing literature by assessing the extent to which dissimilarity is related to attitudinal congruence about workplace deviance in police organizations.
Police culture: individual and organizational differences in police officer perspectives
Authors: Cordner Gary 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Much of the commentary about police culture treats it as a monolithic and problematic feature of the police occupation that inhibits change and progress. The purpose of this paper is to draw on surveys completed by over 13,000 sworn police to describe officers’ occupational outlooks and explore the extent to which they vary across individuals and police agencies.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws upon employee survey data from 89 US police and sheriff departments collected in 2014-2015 to examine police culture through officers’ views of the community, police work, and police administration and to explore the extent to which these beliefs and opinions are affected by personal characteristics and organizational affiliation.

Findings
Results indicate that officers’ perspectives are more positive than might be expected and do not vary greatly by officer personal characteristics. They differ more substantially across police agencies. This suggests that police culture is to a significant extent an organizational phenomenon, not simply an occupational one.

Originality/value
Examining the views and perspectives of over 13,000 sworn police employed in 89 different police organizations provides a more representative and generalizable picture of police culture than previous studies that typically analyzed officers in only one police department.
Divergence in strategies for coping with winter embolism among co‐occurring temperate tree species: the role of positive xylem pressure, wood type and tree stature
Authors: Niu Cun‐Yang , Meinzer Frederick C. , Hao Guang‐You 
Published: March 2017

Summary

In temperate ecosystems, freeze‐thaw events are an important environmental stress that can induce severe xylem embolism (i.e. clogging of conduits by air bubbles) in overwintering organs of trees. However, no comparative studies of different adaptive strategies among sympatric tree species for coping with winter embolism have examined the potential role of the presence or absence of embolism refilling by positive xylem pressure.

We evaluated the degree of winter embolism and hydraulic architecture traits in 22 deciduous angiosperm tree species typical of temperate forest sites in NE China. Co‐occurring trees growing in a local botanical garden were used to minimize variation caused by differences in proximal environmental conditions and to ensure that interspecific variation reflected genetic differences between species.

Four functional groups with potentially different strategies for coping with winter embolism were compared: positive xylem pressure‐ generating species (PXP) that are all diffuse‐porous, except a semi‐ring‐porous species, large (LDP) and small (SDP) statured diffuse‐porous tree species that are unable to generate positive xylem pressure, and ring‐porous species (RP).

The PXP group exhibited nearly full recovery from winter embolism in contrast to the other three groups, which showed persistent and relatively high degrees of hydraulic dysfunction during the subsequent growing season. The absence of a functional trade‐off between hydraulic efficiency and safety against freeze‐thaw‐induced embolism in the PXP group and the presence of a trade‐off in the other three groups, suggests that the ability to generate root or stem pressure for embolism refilling may partially free some temperate tree species from adaptive constraints imposed by winter embolism formation.

Efficient winter embolism reversal by positive pressure in PXP species did not distinguish them from their non‐xylem pressure‐generating LDP counterparts in terms of various measures of xylem hydraulic efficiency during the growing season. Divergence in the ability to refill winter embolism through generation of positive xylem pressure implies a series of functional trade‐offs that may partially explain the co‐existence of these two types of temperate tree species.

A lay summary is available for this article.
From Politically Naïve to Politically Mature: Conceptualizing Leaders’ Political Maturation Journey
Authors: Doldor Elena 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper contributes to the literature on organizational politics and leadership. Current studies of leaders’ engagement in politics neglect notions of learning and development. The current paper aims to overcome this shortcoming by providing a developmental perspective on leaders’ engagement in organizational politics. Using in‐depth qualitative interviews with leaders at different seniority levels, the study examines developmental patterns in leaders’ willingness and ability to engage in organizational politics. The inductive findings inform a three‐stage model of political maturation, providing insights into the developmental nature of political will and political skill. Drawing on leadership skill and adult development literature, the paper posits that political maturation entails not only changes in leaders’ observable skills and behaviours, but also deep‐structure changes in mindsets and cognitive scripts regarding engagement in organizational politics. Furthermore, findings demonstrate the roles of experience and significant others in facilitating learning about organizational politics. The paper discusses theoretical and practical implications of this dynamic, developmental perspective.