bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaporated Copper‐Based Perovskite Dynamic Memristors for Reservoir Computing Systems
Authors: Wang Ruiheng , Shao He , Ming Jianyu , Yang Wei , Sun Jintao , Liu Benxin , Wu Siqi , Ling Haifeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDynamic memristors are considered as the optimal hardware devices for reservoir computing (RC) enabled by their nonlinear conductance variations. This significantly reduces the extensive training workload typically required by traditional neural networks. Lead halide perovskites, with their tunable band structure and active ion migration properties, have emerged as highly promising materials for developing dynamic memristors. However, large‐scale and consistently stable production remains a challenge for perovskite functional films, while lead elements' toxicity and environmental impact also partly restrict their practical device utilization. In this work, lead‐free copper‐based perovskite (i.e., CsCu2I3) films are prepared by thermal evaporation for constructing dynamic memristors. The effective conductivity modulation of CsCu2I3‐based memristor can be utilized in artificial neural networks, achieving a high handwritten digit recognition accuracy of 91.2%. In addition, the RC system is also constructed based on the dynamic behavior of the devices, by which a letter recognition accuracy of 98.2% with simple training is achieved. This technology provides a feasible pathway to construct copper‐based perovskite dynamic memristors for future neural network information processing.
Long‐Lasting Simultaneous Epidermal and Dermal Microneedle‐Enabled Drug Delivery
Authors: Sarabi Misagh Rezapour , Farshi Sara Soltanabadi , Saltik Zeynep , Khosbakht Saba , Buyukbabani Nesimi , Agcaoglu Orhan , Vural Secil , Sitti Metin , Tasoglu Savas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDifferent skin diseases, such as cancers, inflammatory conditions, and bacterial infections, manifest at distinct skin depths. Microneedle arrays, recognized for their painless and minimally invasive drug administration, can be customized to penetrate these layers simultaneously. Here, the design of the microneedles (MNs) in nonlinear ways with diverse needle heights on the array enabling concurrent drug delivery to various skin layers is engineered. Additionally, varying the base diameter of the needles in the array facilitates prolonged or intermittent drug release, depending on the biodegradation kinetics of these needles. MNs, microfabricated with a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, are validated by skin administration. The nonlinear design of the MNs on the array introduces a novel perspective on addressing skin diseases at varying depths of the skin.
A Lithium‐Oxygen Battery Exploiting Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene and Gold Catalyst
Authors: Levchenko Stanislav , Valente Giacomo , Hassoun Jusef 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLithium‐oxygen (Li‐O2) battery is considered a high‐energy alternative to Li‐ion one due its characteristic electrochemical conversion process, with the additional advantage of lower cost and environmental impact. However, this emerging battery still requires an enhancement of stability and lifespan to allow its use as a practical energy storage system. In this work we investigate an electrode material benefitting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), few layer graphene (FLG), and gold nano‐powder catalyst to improve the Li‐O2 battery performances in terms of energy efficiency, cycle life and stability. Morphological, structural, and electrochemical tests indicate that the composite electrode can actually boost the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and enhance the Li‐O2 process reversibility, with a capacity of 1000 mAh g−1 over 70 cycles. On the other hand, the tests reveal the role of the gold in decreasing the polarization and increasing the cell life. Therefore, the results suggest the combination of carbons with various morphologies as a suitable architecture for hosting the Li‐O2 reaction products and allowing their reversible reaction. On the other hand, the results highlight the necessity for a better tuning the noble metal characteristics to further enhance the cell performances.
siRNA/CS‐PLGA Nanoparticle System Targeting Knockdown Intestinal SOAT2 Reduced Intestinal Lipid Uptake and Alleviated Obesity
Authors: Liang Jingjia , Shao Wentao , Ni Pu , Liu Qian , Kong Weirui , Shen Weiyi , Wang Qihan , Huang Anhua , Zhang Guixin , Yang Yulong , Xin Hongliang , Jiang Zhaoyan , Gu Aihua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEffective inhibition of intestinal lipid uptake is an efficient strategy for the treatment of disorders related to lipid metabolism. Sterol O‐acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2) is responsible for the esterification of free cholesterol and fatty acids into cholesteryl esters. We found that intestine‐specific SOAT2 knockout (Soat2I‐KO) mice was capable to prevent the development of dietary induced obesity due to reduced intestinal lipid absorption. Soat2 siRNA/CS‐PLGA nanoparticle system was constructed to enable intestinal delivery and inhibition of Soat2. This nanoparticle system was composed of PLGA‐block‐PEG and chitosan specifically delivering Soat2 siRNAs into small intestines in mice, effectively inhibit intestinal lipid uptake and resolving obesity. In revealing the underlying mechanism by which intestinal SOAT2 regulating fatty acid uptake, enhanced CD36 ubiquitination degradation was found in enterocytes upon SOAT2 inhibition. Insufficient free cholesterol esterification promoted endoplasmic reticulum stress and recruitment of E3 ligase RNF5 to activate CD36 ubiquitination in SOAT2 knockdown enterocytes. This work demonstrates a potential modulatory function of intestinal SOAT2 on lipid uptake highlighting the therapeutic effect on obesity by targeting intestinal SOAT2, exhibiting promising translational relevance in the siRNA therapeutic–based treatment for obesity.
PARN Maintains RNA Stability to Regulate Insulin Maturation and GSIS in Pancreatic β Cells
Authors: Xie Xiaomei , Chen Xuexue , Wang Chaofan , Sun Longjie , Yu Weiru , Lv Zheng , Tian Shuang , Yao Xiaohong , Wang Fengchao , Ding Deqiang , Chen Juan , Liu Jiali 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiabetes, a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, underscores the importance of normal pancreatic β‐cell development and function in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Poly(A)‐specific ribonuclease (PARN) serves as the principal regulator of messenger RNA (mRNA) stability, yet its specific role in pancreatic β cells remains unclear. This study utilizes mice with targeted PARN deficiency in β cells to elucidate this role. Notably, Parn conditional knockout mice present unaltered β‐cell development and insulin sensitivity but reduced glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The observed outcomes are corroborated in NIT‐1 cells. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses reveal aberrant mRNA expression of genes crucial for insulin secretion in PARN‐deficient β cells. Insights from linear amplification of complementary DNA ends and sequencing and coimmunoprecipitation experiments reveal an interaction between PARN and polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein 1 (PTBP1), regulating the RNA stability of solute carrier family 30, member 8 (Slc30a8) and carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (Chst3). Interference with either PARN or PTBP1 disrupts this stability. These data indicate that PARN deficiency hampers GSIS and insulin maturation by destabilizing Slc30a8 and Chst3 RNAs. These findings provide compelling evidence indicating that PARN is a potential therapeutic target for enhancing insulin maturation and secretion.
Photoswitchable AIE‐Active Supramolecular Self‐Assemblies for Biosensing and Bioimaging
Authors: Zhu Fengfan , Hou Xiao‐Fang , Wang Juping , Bi Lei , Zhou Jiancheng , Chen Xu‐Man 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotoswitchable fluorescent self‐assemblies exhibiting aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties have garnered widespread attention. Due to their great adaptiveness and responsiveness towards different wavelengths required by photoreaction, photo‐isomerization, and photoluminescence excitation, these fluorescent self‐assemblies show diverse emission behavior in a spatial, temporal, and polychromatic manner. Integrating organic photoswitches and AIE fluorophores, these photoluminescent nano‐assemblies have been proven to be an effective approach, allowing the development of sophisticated systems for drug release and cell regulation that can be precisely manipulated through light or other stimuli. This review systematically encapsulates recent advances in photoswitchable fluorescent self‐assemblies under multi‐scenario biological applications. The construction of photoswitchable AIE fluorophores through covalent and non‐covalent interactions and their multimodal regulation are detailed, along with their biological applications in biosensing, bioimaging, and drug therapy.
Laser Ablation of Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia for Medically Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: McCormack Ryan M. , Chandran Arjun S. , Lhatoo Samden D. , Pati Sandipan , Li Zhouxuan , Harris Katherine , Lacuey Nuria , Kalamangalam Giridhar , Thompson Stephen , Tandon Nitin 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivePeriventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is the most common neuronal heterotopia, frequently resulting in pharmaco‐resistant epilepsy. Here, we characterize variables that predict good epilepsy outcomes following surgical intervention using stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) ‐informed magnetic resonance‐guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT).MethodsA retrospective review of consecutive cases from a single high‐volume epilepsy referral center identified patients who underwent SEEG evaluation for PVNH to characterize the intervention and outcomes.ResultsThirty‐nine patients underwent SEEG‐guided MRgLITT of the seizure onset zone (SoZ) in PVNH and associated epileptic tissue. PVNH and polymicrogyria (PMG) were densely sampled with a mean of 16.5 (SD = 2)/209.4 (SD = 36.9) SEEG probes/recording contacts per patient. Ablation principally targeted just the PVNH and cortex that was abnormal on imaging was ablated (5 patients) only if implicated in the SoZ. Volumetric analyses revealed a high percentage of PVNH SoZ ablation (96.6%, SD = 5.3%) in unilateral and bilateral (92.9%, SD = 7.2%) cases. Mean follow‐up duration was 31.4 months (SD = 20.9). Seizure freedom (ILAE 1) was excellent: unilateral PVNH without other imaging abnormalities, 80%; PVNH with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) or PMG, 63%; bilateral PVNH, 50%. SoZ ablation percentage significantly impacted surgical outcomes (p < 0.001).InterpretationPVNH plays a central role in seizure genesis as revealed by dense recordings and selective targeting by LITT. MRgLITT represents a transformative technological advance in PVNH‐associated epilepsy with seizure control outcomes consistent with those seen in focal lesional epilepsies. In localized unilateral cases and otherwise normal imaging, PVNH ablation without invasive recordings may be considered, and this approach deserves to be explored further. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1174–1184
All‐Atom Protein Sequence Design Based on Geometric Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Jiale , Guo Zheng , You Hantian , Zhang Changsheng , Lai Luhua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDesigning sequences for specific protein backbones is a key step in creating new functional proteins. Here, we introduce GeoSeqBuilder, a deep learning framework that integrates protein sequence generation with side chain conformation prediction to produce the complete all‐atom structures for designed sequences. GeoSeqBuilder uses spatial geometric features from protein backbones and explicitly includes three‐body interactions of neighboring residues. GeoSeqBuilder achieves native residue type recovery rate of 51.6 %, comparable to ProteinMPNN and other leading methods, while accurately predicting side chain conformations. We first used GeoSeqBuilder to design sequences for thioredoxin and a hallucinated three‐helical bundle protein. All the 15 tested sequences expressed as soluble monomeric proteins with high thermal stability, and the 2 high‐resolution crystal structures solved closely match the designed models. The generated protein sequences exhibit low similarity (minimum 23 %) to the original sequences, with significantly altered hydrophobic cores. We further redesigned the hydrophobic core of glutathione peroxidase 4, and 3 of the 5 designs showed improved enzyme activity. Although further testing is needed, the high experimental success rate in our testing demonstrates that GeoSeqBuilder is a powerful tool for designing novel sequences for predefined protein structures with atomic details. GeoSeqBuilder is available at https://github.com/PKUliujl/GeoSeqBuilder.
Highly Active Photoreduction of Atmospheric‐Concentration CO2 into CH3COOH over Palladium Particles on Nb2O5 Nanosheets
Authors: Ding Jinyu , Du Peijin , Li Peipei , Liu Wenxiu , Xu Jiaqi , Yan Wensheng , Pan Yang , Hu Jun , Zhu Junfa , Chen Qingxia , Jiao Xingchen , Xie Yi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe endeavor to drive CO2 photoreduction towards the synthesis of C2 products is largely thwarted by the colossal energy hurdle inherent in C−C coupling. Herein, we load active metal particles on metal oxide nanosheets to build the dual metal pair sites for steering C−C coupling to form C2 products. Taking Pd particles anchored on the Nb2O5 nanosheets as an example, the high‐angle annular dark‐field image and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrate the presence of Pd−Nb metal pair sites on the Pd‐Nb2O5 nanosheets. Density functional theory calculations reveal these sites exhibit a low reaction energy barrier of only 1.02 eV for C−C coupling, implying that the introduction of Pd particles effectively tailors the reaction step to form C2 products. Therefore, the Pd‐Nb2O5 nanosheets achieve a CH3COOH evolution rate of 13.5 μmol g−1 h−1 in photoreduction of atmospheric‐concentration CO2, outshining all other single photocatalysts reported to date under analogous conditions.
Static Organic p‐n Junctions in Photoelectrodes for Solar Ammonia Production with 86 % Internal Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Fang Yanjie , Li Mengjie , Gao Yifan , Wen Yingke , Shan Bing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFor photoelectrocatalytic cells, a limitation exists in finding appropriate photoelectrode configurations that couple efficient extraction of high‐energy electrons from absorbed photons and selective catalysis. Here we report an organic p‐n junction approach to fabricate molecular photoelectrodes for conversion of solar energy and nitrate into valuable ammonia product. Solar irradiation of the photoelectrode generates charge‐separated states with electrons and holes spatially separated at the n‐type and p‐type components, as revealed by surface photovoltage mapping, at a quantum yield of 90 %. The high‐flux photogenerated electrons are rapidly transferred to the catalyst for solar ammonia production from nitrate reduction at an external quantum efficiency (EQE) and an internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 57 % and 86 %, respectively. Time‐resolved spectroscopic studies reveal that the large IQE originates from the combined high efficiencies for photoelectron generation, catalyst activation and dark catalysis. In a flow‐cell setup coupled with a silicon solar cell, the photoelectrode without bias generates photocurrent of 57 mA cm−2 and ammonia at an EQE of 52 %.
Structure‐Agnostic Bioactivity‐Driven Combinatorial Biosynthesis Reveals New Antidiabetic and Anticancer Triterpenoids
Authors: Zhao Yong , Duan Yao‐Tao , Zang Jie , Raadam Morten H. , Pateraki Irini , Miettinen Karel , Staerk Dan , Kampranis Sotirios C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough combinatorial biosynthesis can dramatically expand the chemical structures of bioactive natural products to identify molecules with improved characteristics, progress in this direction has been hampered by the difficulty in isolating and characterizing the numerous produced compounds. This challenge could be overcome with improved designs that enable the analysis of the bioactivity of the produced metabolites ahead of the time‐consuming isolation procedures. Herein, we showcase a structure‐agnostic bioactivity‐driven combinatorial biosynthesis workflow that introduces bioactivity assessment as a selection‐driving force to guide iterative combinatorial biosynthesis rounds towards enzyme combinations with increasing bioactivity. We apply this approach to produce triterpenoids with potent bioactivity against PTP1B, a promising molecular target for diabetes and cancer treatment. We demonstrate that the bioactivity‐guided workflow can expedite the combinatorial process by enabling the narrowing down of more than 1000 possible combinations to only five highly potent candidates. By focusing the isolation and structural elucidation effort on only these five strains, we reveal 20 structurally diverse triterpenoids, including four new compounds and a novel triterpenoid‐anthranilic acid hybrid, as potent PTP1B inhibitors. This workflow expedites hit identification by combinatorial biosynthesis and is applicable to many other types of bioactive natural products, therefore providing a strategy for accelerated drug discovery.
Polyoxometalate‐Based Single‐Atom Catalyst with Precise Structure and Extremely Exposed Active Site for Efficient H2 Evolution
Authors: Zhang Zhuo‐Ran , Sui He‐Yu , Shi Wen‐Xiong , Ren Jing , Yao Shuang , Lu Tong‐Bu , Zhang Zhi‐Ming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts with precise structure and extremely high catalytic efficiency remain a fervent focus in the fields of materials chemistry and catalytic science. Herein, a nickel‐substituted polyoxometalate (POM) {NiSb6O4(H2O)3[β‐Ni(hmta)SbW8O31]3}15− (NiPOM) with one extremely exposed nickel site [NiO3(H2O)3] was synthesized using the conventional aqueous method. The uniform dispersion of single nickel center with well‐defined structure was facilely achieved by anchoring nanosized NiPOM on graphene oxide (GO). The resulting NiPOM/GO can couple with CdS photoabsorber for the construction of low‐cost and ultra‐efficient hydrogen evolution system. The H2 yield can reach to 2753.27 mmol gPOM−1 h−1, which represents a record value among all the POM‐based photocatalytic systems. Remarkablely, an extremely high hydrogen yield of 3647.28 mmol gPOM−1 h−1 was achieved with simultaneous photooxidation of commercial waste plastic, representing the first POM‐based photocatalytic system for H2 evolution and waste plastic conversion. This work highlights a straightforward strategy for constructing extremely exposed single‐metal site with precise microenvironment by facilely manipulating nanosized molecular cluster to control individual atom.
Entropy‐Modulated Short‐Chain Cathode for Low‐Temperature All‐Solid‐State Li−S Batteries
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zhang Yan , Liu Qingsong , Song Yajie , Li Xu , Ren Liping , Yin Geping , Lou Shuaifeng , Wang Jiajun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state Li−S batteries (ASSLSBs) due to high theoretical energy density and exceptional safety are highly desirable for electric aircraft. However, as the flight altitude rises, the low‐temperature performance is hampered by inadequate practical capacity. Here, we discover that low‐temperature sulfur utilization is constrained by the multi‐step endothermic conversion reaction. By introducing multi‐chalcogen to modulate the local entropy, a short‐chain molecule cathode is designed to shorten the reduction pathways and enhance low‐temperature discharge capacity. Furthermore, the mismatched lithiation lattice of the short‐chain cathode reduces the decomposition energy barriers, thus enhancing low‐temperature charge/discharge reversibility. The designed short‐chain cathode exhibits high cathode utilization (99.4 %) and cycling stability (400 cycles, 92.2 % retention) at room temperature, as well as delivers excellent discharge capacity (579.6 mAh g−1, −40 °C) and cycling performance (100 cycles, 98.4 % retention, 394.9 Wh kg−1electrode, −20 °C) at low temperature. This study presents new opportunities to stimulate the development of low‐temperature ASSLSBs.
Photocatalytic PPh3‐Mediated Synthesis of C3‐Functionalized Indoles via Radical Annulation of Nitroarenes and Alkenes
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Wiethoff Maxim‐Aleksa , Studer Armido 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOxidatively generated phosphine radical cations are reactive intermediates that can be used for the generation of carbon and heteroatom centered radicals via deoxygenation processes. Such P‐radical cations can readily be generated via single electron transfer oxidation using a redox catalyst. Cheap and commercially available nitroarenes are ideal nitrogen sources for the construction of organic amines and N‐containing heterocycles. Activation of nitroarenes with phosphines has been achieved in the ionic mode, which requires specially designed P‐nucleophiles and high temperatures. Herein, we report an alternative mode of nitro activation that proceeds via a radical process. The radical strategy leads to open shell intermediates that show interesting unexplored reactivity. This is documented by the development of an economic and highly efficient synthesis of valuable indole derivatives through photocatalytic PPh3‐mediated annulation of nitroarenes with alkenes showing large functional group tolerance. The method allows room‐temperature activation of nitroarenes and a double C−H bond functionalization of alkenes is achieved to provide rapid access to C3‐functionalized indoles, which are key structural components of diverse natural and drug molecules. Experimental mechanistic studies that are further supported by DFT calculations indicate that a nitrosoarene radical cation plays a key role in the annulation process.
Identifying a Self‐Sustaining Population, Spawning Site and Population Size of the Danube Salmon Hucho hucho Using the Citizen Science Approach
Authors: Jakšić Goran , Piria Marina , Bočić Neven 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe last populations of Danube salmon (Hucho hucho) in Croatia are found in the Kupa and Una rivers. However, the size of the suitable area that could serve as the best spawning ground for the remnant Danube salmon population in these rivers is not known. This study aimed to leverage anglers' experiences to determine the sections of the Una and Kupa rivers where the last populations of Danube salmon (Hucho hucho) in Croatia are most abundant, identify potential spawning sites and assess threats that could impact the species' existence. The Kupica river emerged as a tributary of the Kupa river with a large Danube salmon population in Croatia. Experienced divers conducted three dives along a 350‐m transect in the Kupica river, estimating a total of 13 Danube salmon individuals ranging from 50 to 115 cm in total length, in pool and run mesohabitat types. In the Kupa and Kupica rivers, the survey identified 25 Danube salmon spawning sites. The primary local threats identified for the Danube salmon population include small hydropower plants, the construction of a radioactive waste disposal site, water abstraction, the removal of riparian vegetation, overfishing and climate change. Based on the results of this study, we strongly recommend the implementation of protective measures against these threats and the establishment of an ichthyological reserve specifically for Danube salmon in the Kupica river. This recommendation aligns with the EU Biodiversity Strategy, emphasizing the need to identify designated areas by 2030.