bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condição de trabalho de técnicos e pesquisadores nos institutos públicos de pesquisa: o caso do IPT | Work conditions for technicians and researchers in public research institutes: the IPT case
Authors: Andrade Thales Novaes de , Silva Lucas Rodrigo da , Cepêda Vera Alves 
Published: March 2017

Resumo Este texto pretende discutir como a produção tecnológica vem sofrendo efeitos das transformações internacionais em termos de reorganização institucional dos centros de pesquisa. Técnicos e cientistas tiveram suas atividades a partir de novos formatos organizacionais que se estabelecem atualmente. A globalização e a internacionalização do campo científico representam tendências que têm afetado fortemente a constituição dos grupos sociais que conduzem a prática tecnológica em âmbito mundial. Hoje é possível detectar processos globais de articulação de empresas, laboratórios e instituições públicas de pesquisa criando uma ciência e uma tecnologia ao mesmo tempo desenraizadas e assimétricas. As questões colocadas para os países em desenvolvimento são como a internacionalização da pesquisa científica está impactando nas instituições nacionais e como as elites científicas nacionais se comportam frente aos novos parâmetros de financiamento da Pesquisas Tecnológicas. O intuito deste texto é verificar como essas tendências estão impactando na produção científica e tecnológica dos Institutos Públicos de Pesquisa. Para elucidar essas questões parte-se para um estudo de caso sobre o Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas (IPT) que é ligado à USP e vinculado à Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Econômico, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de São Paulo.Palavras-chave Ciência e Tecnologia; pesquisa científica; pesquisadores; IPTAbstract This paper discusses how technological production has been suffering effects of international transformations in terms of institutional reorganization of research centers. Technicians and scientists had their activities redefined from new organizational formats that are established nowadays. The globalization and internationalization of the scientific field represent tendencies that have affected the constitution of social groups that lead technological practice worldwide. Today it is possible to detect articulation of global processes of companies, laboratories and public research institutions by creating science and technology while uprooted and asymmetric. The questions posed to developing countries is how internationalization of scientific research has been impacting national institutions; and how have national scientific elites been behaving before the new parameters of technological research funding. The aim of this text is to verify how these tendencies have been impacting the scientific and technological production of the Public Research Institute. To elucidate these questions we analyze the case of the Technological Research Institute (Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas - IPT) that is embedded in USP and linked to the Development, Economy, Science and Technology Secretariat of São Paulo State.Keywords Science & Technology; scientific research; researchers; IPT
Redes Colaborativas nos Estudos Métricos de Ciência e Tecnologia │ Collaborative Networks in Metric Studies of Science and Technology
Authors: Vanz Samile Andréa de Souza 
Published: March 2017

Resumo A teoria de redes passou a ser muito utilizada pela Bibliometria e Cientometria porque auxilia na interpretação e no entendimento dos dados resultantes das pesquisas realizadas na área. O artigo aborda um breve histórico das redes comentando desde o modelo aleatório de Erdós e Rényi aos modelos mais atuais. Apresenta as medidas mais importantes para redes de coautoria, como densidade e medidas de centralidade. Descreve pesquisas empíricas aplicadas em redes de coautoria e suas descobertas, como a propriedade de conexão preferencial, o nível de agrupamento e o modelo sem escala. Conclui que o entendimento da teoria de redes é fundamental para o estudo do fenômeno da coautoria e que os pesquisadores interessados na temática devem ampliar o uso da mesma em suas pesquisas.Palavras-chave Redes de coautoria, colaboração científica. Abstract The network theory became widely used for Bibliometrics and Scientometrics because it helps in the understanding and interpretation of data resulting from these studies. This article covers a brief history of networks and comments from the random model of Erdós and Rényi to most current models. It presents the most important measures for co-author networks, such as density and centrality measures. It also describes applied empirical research on networks of co-authorship and its findings, as the preferential attachment, cluster property and scale free model. The article concludes that the understanding of the network theory is crucial to the study of the phenomenon of co-authorship and that researchers interested in the subject should expand the use of this theory in their research.Keywords Co-author network, scientific collaboration.
Africa Stock Markets Cross-Market Linkages: A Time-Varying Dynamic Conditional Correlations (DCC-GARCH) Approach
Authors: Marozva Godfrey 
Published: March 2017

This article investigates stock return volatility and contagion among the five African countries (Zimbabwe, South Africa, Egypt, Kenya, and Nigeria) and the United States of America for the period between 1998 and 2015. Engle (2002)’s Dynamic Conditional Correlation multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model was adapted to explore the time-varying conditional correlations to capture the contagion behavior of these financial markets over time. In this article the researchers observes that South African Stock returns are highly correlated to NYSE stock returns and the coefficients are significant for all periods under consideration. Additionally, the South African stock returns are significantly negatively related to Zimbabwean stock returns. An analysis of correlation confirms what most scholars found, that the correlations amongst markets tend to increase during the time of crises and weaken during periods of stability with an exception of Egypt whose results indicate an insignificant negative correlation during the 2007/9 crisis. It is recommended that future research in this area should focus on the potential contagion mechanisms between African countries and European countries especially looking at what transpired during and after the sovereign debt crisis.
FIKIH DISABILITAS: Studi Tentang Hukum Islam Berbasis Maṡlaḥaḥ
Authors: Hadi M. Khoirul 
Published: March 2017

<p>Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang berbasis penelitian pustaka, yang mengangkat tema disabilitas dalam kajian hukum Islam. Diskusi ini menunjukkan bahwa hukum Islam tengah menghadapi sejumlah problem kontemporer seperti ketidakadilan gender, lingkungan, terorisme dan lainnya. Artikel ini menyimpulkan satu bahwa isu disabilitas telah didiskusikan sejak lama dalam kitab fikih meskipun pembahasannya masih samar. Kedua, tantangan formulasi fikih disabilitas dimungkinkan denggan memanfaatkan kajian maslahah dalam hukum Islam. Akomodasi ini mentasbihkkan Islam sebagai Agama Rahmatal Lil Alamin.</p><p> </p><p><em>This study is a librarian research dealts with disability issues in Islamic Law (Fiqh). It shows that the Islamic law faced its contemporary problems such inequality gender, environment, terrorism and so on. This Article concluded that the books of fiqh have been discussed this issues long time ago although it has been discussed not clearly. The challenge to develop Islamic law of disability can be done by moslem scholar using maslahah concept. The concept of maṣlahah shows that Islam is a religion which bring a great concept of Rahmatal Lil Alamin.</em></p>
Rebound To Test If Cost Cuts Will Last
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: March 2017

One sign that things are getting better for US onshore exploration is the revival of talk about looming shortages and bottlenecks.
By mid-year, sand to prop open fractures and trucks to pump those jobs are expected to be in short supply. Oilfield hands are already a scarce commodity. Those are solvable problems, but at a price some companies may find uncomfortably high.
Surveys by branches of the US Federal Reserve Bank done in the fourth quarter of 2016 said that the break-even oil price for companies in Texas and surrounding states varies widely, and is generally greater than USD 50/bbl. The survey by the bank’s Dallas branch found that nearly 60% of the 141 companies surveyed said that it would take a price from USD 55/bbl to USD 65/bbl to “substantially increase” US crude oil drilling. And that was before service costs began rising.
The smallest bar on the chart was for companies that can make money drilling when oil is USD 49/bbl or less. Some analysts publish estimates of average oil prices needed to profitably produce oil, but those averages mask a wide range of break-even levels. There are also differences among analysts on what percentage of the cost reductions made in the industry since 2014 will vaporize in the face of the double-digit service price increases that are expected this year in the unconventional services sector.
“We hear every ratio possible,” said Jackson Sandeen, a senior research analyst for Wood Mackenzie, who said the savings are 40% from more efficient operations and 60% due to service sec-tor price concessions, which will shrink. Bain & Company clients put it at 60% of sustainable efficiencies and 40% from price concessions, said Jorge Leis, a Bain partner that leads its Americas Oil & Gas Practice.
Rystad Energy said the average price needed to profitably produce oil in the US nonconventional sector has dropped by 50% since the downturn hit in late 2014, but a lot of that is based on supplier discounts. “Lower unit prices of service companies are a major reason for the drop,” said Jon Duesund, senior project manager for Rystad, during a recent briefing in Houston.
Mexico Awards Its First Deepwater Blocks; What Comes Next?
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: March 2017

Mexico’s historic public tender for its deepwater real estate resulted in the awarding of eight out of 10 blocks on offer. Held last December in Mexico City, the event marked the fourth and final auction of the country’s Round One, which reopened doors to foreign oil and gas investment for the first time since the country’s energy sector was nationalized almost 80 years ago.
The awarded blocks went to 13 companies whose exploration and production operations are expected to generate around USD 34 billion over the next 15 years. The winning bids also committed to drill at least eight deepwater wells.
All four blocks offered in the deep-water Perdido area were awarded, including two to Chinese Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) and one to a consortium of Chevron, Pemex, and Inpex—Japan’s largest oil company. An additional four blocks in the Salina Basin were contracted to three different consortiums, including one formed by Statoil, BP, and Total.
Another block encompassing a deep-water discovery known as the Trion field was awarded as a farmout agreement between BHP Billiton and Mexico’s state-owned oil company Pemex. BHP will acquire 60% of the project’s interest under the terms of the contract, which it won through a tie-breaking offer of a USD 624 million cash bonus to Mexico’s petroleum fund. BP was the losing bidder.
Including the three previous onshore and shallow-water auctions, Mexico has awarded 39 exploration and production contracts to companies from nine foreign countries.
In a press conference following the auction, the government said it expects to receive close to 60% of the combined profits from the eight blocks and the lone farmout. Mexican officials also said they are hoping the deepwater contracts eventually will yield 900,000 B/D of crude, a volume that would help stem the country’s declining production from existing fields. Government officials added that first production from Trion might be reached within 6 years, while it is expected that the other areas will need up to a decade to be developed.
What’s Next?
According to many observers, the production potential that the deep water holds for Mexico was the chief driver behind the country’s sweeping energy reforms that became law in 2013. But now that a number of the prime blocks have been allocated, what comes next?
For the companies that have already signed offshore contracts, their next steps are likely to include the expansion of Mexico’s port facilities to accommodate the arrival of larger deepwater vessels and rigs. Some expect the small port town of Dos Bocas to become a deepwater hub because of its proximity to the southern Salina Basin blocks.
In-Service Hull Inspections for Avoiding Dry Docking Safely
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: March 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper OTC 26750, “In-Service Hull Inspections for Avoiding Dry Docking Safely,” by D. Constantinis and P. Davies, EM&I Group, prepared for the 2016 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, Kuala Lumpur, 22–25 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2016 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
Current methods for external inspection of floating assets on station use divers or remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), but these methods incur high safety, people-on-board (POB), and cost penalties. The data produced by these methods are restricted by marine growth and limited access to isolation valves. The Hull Inspection Techniques and Strategy (HITS) joint-industry project (JIP) called for new methods to be developed that minimize or eliminate diving. This has been achieved by carrying out many of the inspections from inside the hull.
Introduction
The exploration and production of deep-water hydrocarbon reserves requires evermore-complex and high-capital-value floating assets. There are a number of key drivers required to optimize profitable operations, including managing the integrity of the topside and hull while reducing cost and POB and complying with client, corporate, and regulatory requirements.
Floating production units can be designed for 25 years or more on station, and the new-generation ultradeepwater (UDW) drilling units also need to plan their integrity-management strategies without dry docking for extended periods (Fig. 1).
These requirements have driven the development of innovative methods for inspecting, testing, and maintaining pressure systems as well as hull structures, the latter sometimes not getting the integrity attention it deserves.
The HITS JIP was formed to address these issues, with membership from regulators, oil majors, class societies, lease operators, service companies, and educational bodies representing all sectors of the industry.
The HITS JIP drew opinion from the industry and concluded that there are principally four challenges that should be addressed:
Minimizing diving operations for hull in-water inspections
Minimizing man entry for inspection of confined spaces
Developing a capability to inspect cargo oil tanks with minimal cleaning requirements
Developing competency standards for hull inspectors
The HITS JIP does not carry out any developments itself but encourages industry to develop or adapt technology to improve hull-inspection techniques and evaluates the results.
An industrywide survey concluded that the first priority should be given to minimizing diving operations for hull inspection, and, accordingly, three of the HITS member organizations cooperated in the development of an alternative method.
This paper describes the new methodology; details how it has been applied to floating production, storage, and offloading vessels (FPSOs) and UDW drillships; and presents the lessons learned through site implementation.
Design of a Floating-Liquefied-Natural-Gas System for Severe Metocean Conditions
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: March 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper OTC 27074, “Design Case Study for a 4-Mt/a FLNG System for Severe Metocean Conditions,” by Robert M. Shivers III, SPE, and Richard P. Michel, LoneStar FLNG; and Norman P. Kolb, Strategy Engineering, prepared for the 2016 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 2–5 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2016 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
In the past few years, several floating-liquefied-natural-gas (FLNG) projects have become commercial. However, most FLNG systems designed to date remain complex, costly, and operationally limited to areas with benign-to-moderate metocean conditions that allow side-by-side offloading of the liquefied natural gas (LNG). This paper describes a split-process FLNG design where primary production and gas-treatment functions are provided on a host platform while liquefaction occurs on a separate vessel. The arrangement works in moderate-to-severe metocean conditions.
Introduction
Today, FLNG is generally accepted in the industry as feasible. The focus is now on technology selection, liquefaction and storage capacity, and safe operational considerations, particularly with regard to LNG offloading.
Concerns typically raised with pro-posed FLNG schemes include
Size, weight, and complexity of topside
Topside hydrocarbon inventory and effect on safety design
LNG-offloading method and sea-state limitations
Overall project cost, schedule, and uncertainty
Design for generic application and residual value
FLNG-System Configuration—Integrated Arrangement. Most FLNG concepts on the market involve an integrated FLNG vessel that incorporates all functions into a single vessel: primary processing, gas treatment, natural-gas-liquids (NGL) fractionation, liquefaction, storage of condensate/NGL/LNG, and offloading of each product from storage. This approach leads to very large and complex purpose-built vessels.
Processing requirements for treating wellhead gas to LNG inlet quality vary considerably from field to field.
It is not practical to design a single generic topside-process scheme to deal with the range of conditions that may be encountered if the FLNG vessel has to produce two, three, or more fields over its useful life. However, once the gas is rendered suitable for liquefaction, with water, acid gas, contaminants, and heavier hydrocarbons removed, the facility requirements for liquefaction, storage, and offloading of the LNG are the same from one field to another, varying only according to capacity.
Case History: High-Pressure/High-Temperature Underbalanced Drillstem Testing
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: March 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 178089, “Case History: HP/HT Underbalanced Drillstem Testing, Deepwater KG Offshore,” by Mahesh Sarode and Milind Khati, Halliburton, prepared for the 2015 SPE Oil and Gas India Conference and Exhibition, Mumbai, 24–26 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
This paper describes the method developed to achieve underbalanced drillstem testing (DST) in a deepwater field offshore India. DST tools rated to 450°F and 15,000-psi differential pressure were configured to maintain integrity and successfully evaluate the well potential. By use of a multicycle DST tool string, the reservoir potential was tested safely and effectively with an underbalanced test fluid in two deepwater wells, achieving the desired test objectives.
Introduction
An operator in India needed to conduct high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) drillstem testing on a deep-water well with low-density clear brine in the annulus. Performing DST was necessary to assess hydrocarbon potential in the deep water block for further field- development plans. The DST tools performed satisfactorily for approximately 18 days during the test on a semi-submersible rig.
The well was completed in a 6-in. hole, which resulted in a 5-in. casing program, thereby creating a significant challenge. The retrievable packer suitable for the 7-in. casing was set above the 5-in.-liner-hanger top, resulting in a tail pipe of approximately 350 m. Well killing at the end of the DST with such a long tail pipe was a challenge.
The method of operating DST tools in both underbalanced brine and kill-weight mud was developed along with a meticulously designed well-test program and a well-kill procedure with a long tail pipe below the 7-in. retrievable packer. Before lowering the DST tools, a well- integrity test was performed by conducting an inflow test for a 5-in.-liner shoe, a 5-in.-liner-hanger top, and a 7-in.-liner-hanger top. Hermetic tests were per-formed to ensure that casings sustained the required annulus pressure for operation of the DST tools.
Formation Damage: A Novel Approach in Evaluating Zonal-Productivity Loss
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: March 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 177533, “Formation Damage: A Novel Approach To Evaluate Zonal-Productivity Loss in Horizontal Wells,” by C.B. Maalouf, I. Baca Espinoza, S.M. Al-Jaberi, J.Y. Marrauld, and M. Amer, Abu Dhabi Marine Operating Company, prepared for the 2015 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 9–12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The paper describes a novel methodology to construct distributed formation damage across openhole wells in carbonate reservoirs and to evaluate the effects of damage on zonal productivity. This methodology improves the prediction of well productivity by identifying the contribution of various types of damage to zonal productivity. This is critical for efficient decision making concerning well-completion and field-development options, particularly at the early stages of greenfield development.
Introduction
Numerous papers have investigated near-wellbore damage caused by drilling and acid, but the majority of these studies assume a homogeneous anisotropic reservoir and a perfectly horizontal well with constant diameter. In practice, these assumptions are unrealistic, especially when dealing with multi layered carbonate reservoirs. The proposed methodology in this paper relies on more-realistic assumptions made on the basis of actual well and reservoir data.
The case presented in this study involves a horizontal openhole well drilled across a multilayered oil-wet carbonate reservoir of a greenfield, with baffles and barriers present between reservoir layers. The study evaluates the damage types experienced by the formation and their effect on productivity.
A discussion of formation damage, including the mathematical bases of the skin concept, geometrical skin, drilling-induced skin, and the productivity index (PI) of a horizontal well, is included in the complete paper.
Evaluation Methodology
On the basis of the equations provided in the complete paper, a well model was built to evaluate the PI of a horizontal well.
The proposed method requires two steps. The first step is to evaluate the well damage after drilling. To do so, a production test should be performed and bottomhole flowing pressure recorded. By analyzing the bottomhole pressure-transient behavior, the flow regime can be identified. Then, the average damage skin around the wellbore can be obtained, depending on the flow regime. Also, a production-logging-tool (PLT) acquisition should be performed across the entire drain in order to estimate zonal productivity. The model is then matched with PLT data by iteration over the damaged-zone permeability. With the distributed damage permeability per zone obtained from the model, the skin can be calculated. Here, it should be noted that the caliper data after drilling should be used to account for the geometrical skin created by drilling-induced washouts.