bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Nanohybrid Based on Porous Silicon Nanoparticles, Gold Nanoparticles, and Acetalated Dextran for Liver Regeneration and Acute Liver Failure Theranostics
Authors: Liu Zehua , Li Yunzhan , Li Wei , Xiao Chen , Liu Dongfei , Dong Chao , Zhang Ming , Mäkilä Ermei , Kemell Marianna , Salonen Jarno , Hirvonen Jouni T. , Zhang Hongbo , Zhou Dawang , Deng Xianming , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHerein, a novel nanohybrid based on porous silicon, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and acetalated dextran (DPSi/DAu@AcDEX) is reported to encapsulate and deliver one drug and increase the computer tomography (CT) signal for acute‐liver‐failure (ALF) theranostics. A microfluidic‐assisted method is used to co‐encapsulate different NPs in a single step. By alternating the surface properties of different NPs and by modulating the composition of the organic phase, both PSi and Au NPs are effectively encapsulated into the polymer matrix simultaneously, thus further achieving a multifunctional application. This system can be used to identify pathologically changes in the tissues and selectively deliver drugs to these sites. The loading of a therapeutic compound (XMU‐MP‐1) improves the drug solubility, precise, in situ drug delivery, and the drug‐functioning time. In vivo results confirm a superior treatment effect and better compliance of this newly developed nanoformulation than free compound. This nanosystem plays a crucial role in targeting the lesion area, thus increasing the local drug concentration important for ALF reverse‐effect. Moreover, the residence of Au NPs within the matrix further endows our system for CT‐imaging. Altogether, these results support that this nanohybrid is a potential theranostic platform for ALF.
Electroionic Antagonistic Muscles Based on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbons Derived from Poly(Triazine‐Triptycene)
Authors: Roy Sandipan , Kim Jaehwan , Kotal Moumita , Kim Kwang Jin , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: October 2017

AbstractElectroactive soft actuators and bioinspired artificial muscles have received burgeoning interest as essential components in future electronic devices such as soft haptic‐feedback systems, human‐friendly wearable electronics, and active biomedical devices. However, important challenging issues including fast response time, ultralow input power, robust operation in harsh environments, high‐resolution controllability, and cost‐effectiveness remain to be resolved for more practical applications. Here, an electroionic antagonistic artificial muscle is reported based on hierarchically porous nitrogen‐doped carbon (HPNC) electrodes derived from a microporous poly(triazine‐triptycene) organic framework (PtztpOF). The HPNC, which exhibits hierarchically micro‐ and mesoporous structures, high specific capacitance of 330 F g−1 in aqueous solution, large specific surface area of 830.46 m2 g−1, and graphitic nitrogen doping, offers high electrical conductivity of 0.073 MS m−1 and outstanding volumetric capacitance of 10.4 MF m−3. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a novel electroionic antagonistic muscle based on HPNC electrodes successfully displays extremely reliable and large bending deformations and long‐term durability under ultralow input voltages. Therefore, microporous polymer or covalent organic frameworks can be applied to provide significant improvements in electroactive artificial muscles, which can play key roles as technological advances toward bioinspired actuating devices required for next‐generation soft and wearable electronics.
Ambipolar Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Based on a Dual‐Function, Ultrathin and Highly Crystalline 2,9‐didecyldinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (C10‐DNTT) Layer
Authors: Huang Shuyun , Peng Boyu , Chan Paddy Kwok Leung 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUltrathin organic semiconductor thin films have great value in the investigation of carrier transport behavior in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Here, the dual solution shearing (DSS) method is adopted to deposit ultrathin and closely packed 2,9‐didecyldinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (C10‐DNTT) films. This smooth, ultrathin and highly crystalline DSS‐processed C10‐DNTT layer can be utilized in p–n stacking bilayer ambipolar OFETs. It has two major functions in the bilayer OFET: (i) it acts as the p‐channel active layer; and (ii) it serves as the growth template of the upper n‐type semiconductor layer. The closely packed alkyl side chains of the C10‐DNTT molecules behave like long alkyl chains in the self‐assembled monolayer and can assist the packing and orientation of the following layer. The F16CuPc layer grown on DSS‐processed C10‐DNTT shows crystallized lamellae structure. The smooth C10‐DNTT surface can suppress the trap states and enhance the charge transfer between the p–n layer interface. The drain‐source current (IDS) in the p‐channel and n‐channel shows a threefold and fivefold increase compared with two‐step thermal evaporation. These findings demonstrate the potential of using solution‐processed ultrathin organic semiconductor in multilayer organic electronics, which cannot be easily achieved by the conventional thermal evaporation approach.
Ethnic derivation of the Ainu inferred from ancient mitochondrial DNA data
Authors: Adachi Noboru , Kakuda Tsuneo , Takahashi Ryohei , Kanzawa‐Kiriyama Hideaki , Shinoda Ken‐ichi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe Ainu, the indigenous people living on the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, have long been a focus of anthropological interest because of their cultural, linguistic, and physical identity. A major problem with genetic studies on the Ainu is that the previously published data stemmed almost exclusively from only 51 modern‐day individuals living in Biratori Town, central Hokkaido. To clarify the actual genetic characteristics of the Ainu, individuals who are less influenced by mainland Japanese, who started large‐scale immigration into Hokkaido about 150 years ago, should be examined. Moreover, the samples should be collected from all over Hokkaido.Materials and methodsMitochondrial DNA haplogroups of 94 Ainu individuals from the Edo era were successfully determined by analyzing haplogroup‐defining polymorphisms in the hypervariable and coding regions. Thereafter, their frequencies were compared to those of other populations.ResultsOur findings indicate that the Ainu still retain the matrilineage of the Hokkaido Jomon people. However, the Siberian influence on this population is far greater than previously recognized. Moreover, the influence of mainland Japanese is evident, especially in the southwestern part of Hokkaido that is adjacent to Honshu, the main island of Japan.DiscussionOur results suggest that the Ainu were formed from the Hokkaido Jomon people, but subsequently underwent considerable admixture with adjacent populations. The present study strongly recommends revision of the widely accepted dual‐structure model for the population history of the Japanese, in which the Ainu are assumed to be the direct descendants of the Jomon people.
Quality of dispatch‐assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation by lay rescuers following a standard protocol in Japan: an observational simulation study
Authors: Asai Hideki , Fukushima Hidetada , Bolstad Francesco , Okuchi Kazuo 
Published: October 2017

AimBystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential for improving the outcomes of sudden cardiac arrest patients. It has been reported that dispatch‐assisted CPR (DACPR) accounts for more than half of the incidence of CPR undertaken by bystanders. Its quality, however, can be suboptimal. We aimed to measure the quality of DACPR using a simulation study.MethodsWe recruited laypersons at a shopping mall and measured the quality of CPR carried out in our simulation. Dispatchers provided instruction in accordance with the standard DACPR protocol in Japan.ResultsTwenty‐three laypersons (13 with CPR training experience within the past 2 years and 10 with no training experience) participated in this study. The median chest compression rate and depth were 106/min and 33 mm, respectively. The median time interval from placing the 119 call to the start of chest compressions was 119 s. No significant difference was found between the groups with and without training experience. However, subjects with training experience more frequently placed their hands correctly on the manikin (84.6% versus 40.0%; P = 0.026). Twelve participants (52.2%, seven in trained and five in untrained group) interrupted chest compressions for 3–18 s, because dispatchers asked if the patient started breathing or moving.ConclusionThis current simulation study showed that the quality of DACPR carried out by lay rescuers can be less than optimal in terms of depth, hand placement, and minimization of pauses. Further studies are required to explore better DACPR instruction methods to help lay rescuers perform CPR with optimal quality.
Morphology and properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and thermoplastic polyester elastomer blends modified in the melt by a diisocyanate chain extender and filled with a short glass fiber
Authors: Pesetskii S. S. , Shevchenko V. V. , Dubrovsky V. V. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe structural features and rheological, mechanical, and relaxation properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends with 7–50 wt % polyester thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE), a block copolymer of poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly(tetramethylene oxide), chemically modified by a diisocyanate chain extender (CE) and reinforced with 30% glass fibers (GF) were studied. The composites were obtained by reactive extrusion with a twin‐screw reactor–mixer with a unidirectional rotation of screws. The molecular–structural changes in the materials were judged against data provided by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, relaxation spectrometry, and rheological analysis of the melts. Regardless of the TPEE concentration in the blends with GF‐reinforced PET, the addition of CE resulted in the growth of the indices of the mechanical properties at straining, bending, and impact loading and an increase in the melt viscosity. In addition, an increase in the average length of short GFs in the composites and an intensification of interphase adhesion in the polyester binder–GF surface system were observed. The introduction of CE promoted a slowdown in PET crystallization in the composites and intensified the interphase adhesion in the binder–GF system at temperatures higher and lower than the PET glass‐transition temperature. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45711.
Study of the fluorine adsorption onto zirconium oxide deposited strong alkaline anion exchange fiber
Authors: Mo Mengxia , Zeng Qingxuan , Li Mingyu 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTA kind of adsorbent, strong alkaline anion exchange fiber loaded with zirconium strong alkaline anion exchange fiber (Zr@SAAEF) was prepared. Zr(IV) was uniformly distributed on SAAEF through chemical bonds and physical deposition. Zr@SAAEF has a decent effect on the removal of fluorine in water and scanning electron microscopy images and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum showed that the Zr(IV) was successfully loaded on the fiber by chemical bonding. The average adsorption capacity of fluorine was 28.14 mg/g with pH ranging from 5.0 to 8.9, when fluorine solution (100 mg/L) was adsorbed by 0.1 g SAAEF, and the extent of removal exceed 96% when the adsorbent dose was 0.3 g. The adsorption isotherms were well fitted with Langmuir equation, and the maximum adsorption capacities calculated by Langmuir equation were close to the experiment results. The adsorption was an endothermic reaction. These results implied that fluorine adsorption onto Zr@SAAEF belonged to chemical adsorption using monolayer coverage on surface of the fiber. The adsorption kinetics of fluorine onto Zr@SAAEF could be described by pseudo‐second‐order rate mode. Zr@SAAEF showed a decent ability for fluorine removal from aqueous solution. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45855.
Proteomic analysis of the venom of the predatory ant Pachycondyla striata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Santos Pollyanna Pereira , Games Patricia Dias , Azevedo Dihego Oliveira , Barros Edvaldo , de Oliveira Leandro Licursi , de Oliveira Ramos Humberto Josué , Baracat‐Pereira Maria Cristina , Serrão José Eduardo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe ants use their venom for predation, defense, and communication. The venom of these insects is rich in peptides and proteins, and compared with other animal venoms, ant venoms remain poorly explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein content of the venom in the Ponerinae ant Pachycondyla striata. Venom samples were collected by manual gland reservoir dissection, and samples were submitted to two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and separation by ion‐exchange and reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometry using tanden matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization with time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization‐quadrupole with time‐of‐flight (ESI‐Q/TOF) mass spectrometry for obtaining amino acid sequence. Spectra obtained were searched against the NCBInr and SwissProt database. Additional analysis was performed using PEAKS Studio 7.0 (Sequencing de novo). The venom of P. striata has a complex mixture of proteins from which 43 were identified. Within the identified proteins are classical venom proteins (phospholipase A, hyaluronidase, and aminopeptidase N), allergenic proteins (different venom allergens), and bioactive peptides (U10‐ctenitoxin Pn1a). Venom allergens are among the most expressed proteins, suggesting that P. striata venom has high allergenic potential. This study discusses the possible functions of the proteins identified in the venom of P. striata.
Prerequisites of Isopeptide Bond Formation in Microcystin Biosynthesis
Authors: Meyer Sabine , Mainz Andi , Kehr Jan‐Christoph , Süssmuth Roderich D. , Dittmann Elke 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe biosynthesis of the potent cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin involves isopeptide bond formation through the carboxylic acid side chains of d‐glutamate and β‐methyl d‐aspartate. Analysis of the in vitro activation profiles of the two corresponding adenylation domains, McyE‐A and McyB‐A2, either in a didomain or a tridomain context with the cognate thiolation domain and the upstream condensation domain revealed that substrate activation of both domains strictly depended on the presence of the condensation domains. We further identified two key amino acids in the binding pockets of both adenylation domains that could serve as a bioinformatic signature of isopeptide bond‐forming modules incorporating d‐glutamate or d‐aspartate. Our findings further contribute to the understanding of the multifaceted role of condensation domains in nonribosomal peptide synthetase assembly lines.
Enzymatic Incorporation of Modified Purine Nucleotides in DNA
Authors: Abu El Asrar Rania , Margamuljana Lia , Abramov Mikhail , Bande Omprakash , Agnello Stefano , Jang Miyeon , Herdewijn Piet 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA series of nucleotide analogues, with a hypoxanthine base moiety (8‐aminohypoxanthine, 1‐methyl‐8‐aminohypoxanthine, and 8‐oxohypoxanthine), together with 5‐methylisocytosine were tested as potential pairing partners of N8‐glycosylated nucleotides with an 8‐azaguanine or 8‐aza‐9‐deazaguanine base moiety by using DNA polymerases (incorporation studies). The best results were obtained with the 5‐methylisocytosine nucleotide followed by the 1‐methyl‐8‐aminohypoxanthine nucleotide. The experiments demonstrated that small differences in the structure (8‐azaguanine versus 8‐aza‐9‐deazaguanine) might lead to significant differences in recognition efficiency and selectivity, base pairing by Hoogsteen recognition at the polymerase level is possible, 8‐aza‐9‐deazaguanine represents a self‐complementary base pair, and a correlation exists between in vitro incorporation studies and in vivo recognition by natural bases in Escherichia coli, but this recognition is not absolute (exceptions were observed).
The safety and effectiveness of adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor pretreatment among acute myocardial infarction patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention in community practice: Insights from the TRANSLATE‐ACS study
Authors: Effron Mark B. , Wang Tracy Y. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Henry Timothy D. , Zettler Marjorie E. , Baker Brian A. , McCoy Lisa A. , Peterson Eric D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo understand the optimal timing of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitor pretreatment prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients.BackgroundThe role of ADP receptor inhibitor pretreatment in this population is unclear.MethodsA total of 9,251 ADP receptor inhibitor‐naïve MI patients undergoing PCI at 229 TRANSLATE‐ACS sites were evaluated. Adjusted risks of in‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major bleeding were compared among patients with and without pretreatment using inverse probability‐weighted propensity adjustment.ResultsOf 9,251 patients treated with either prasugrel or clopidogrel during the index MI hospitalization, 4,056 (44%) received pretreatment (ST‐segment elevation MI [STEMI] 54.9%, non‐STEMI 45.1%); pretreatment was used more commonly among those receiving clopidogrel than prasugrel (52% vs. 20%, P < 0.0001). MACE risks were not significantly different between patients with and without pretreatment (clopidogrel 2.1% vs. 2.2%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–1.43; prasugrel 2.1% vs. 2.3%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.82, 95% CI 0.42–1.60). No differences in major bleeding were observed among those receiving versus not receiving pretreatment (clopidogrel 3.1% vs. 3.5%, adjusted HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.65–1.36; prasugrel 2.5% vs. 2.7%, adjusted OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.42–2.02); results were similar when stratified by MI type.ConclusionsADP receptor inhibitor pretreatment (44%) is commonly used among acute MI patients undergoing PCI in contemporary practice, but no significant differences were found in in‐hospital MACE and/or bleeding risks between patients receiving versus not receiving pretreatment, regardless of ADP receptor inhibitor type.
Maintenance of valvular integrity with Impella left heart support: Results from the multicenter PROTECT II randomized study
Authors: Goldstein James A. , Dixon Simon R. , Douglas Pamela S. , Ohman E. Magnus , Moses Jeffrey , Popma Jeffrey J. , O'Neill William W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Impella 2.5 axial flow pump, which is positioned across the aortic valve, is widely employed for hemodynamic support. The present study compared structural and functional integrity of the left heart valves in patients undergoing Impella vs intra‐aortic balloon pump in the randomized PROTECT II trial.Methods and ResultsTransthoracic echocardiograms were performed at baseline, 1 and 3 months in 445 patients in the PROTECT II trial. Serial studies were analyzed by an independent echocardiography core laboratory for aortic and mitral valve structure and function, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). During Impella support there was no appreciable change in the degree of baseline valvular regurgitation. There were no cases of structural derangement of the mitral or aortic valve after use of the Impella device. At 90‐day follow‐up, there was an average 22% relative increase in LVEF from baseline (27% ± 9 vs. 33% ± 11, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe present echocardiographic analysis of the PROTECT II study confirms prior observations regarding the safety of the Impella 2.5 device with respect to mitral and aortic valve function.
Subcutaneous defibrillator implantation as a bridge until left ventricular function normalizes
Authors: Bisignani Antonio , De Bonis Silvana , San Pasquale Giovanni , Candreva Laura , Franchin Cristina , Malacrida Maurizio , Bisignani Giovanni 
Published: October 2017

Key Clinical MessagePatients with reversible cardiac impairment may be, at least temporarily, at high risk of SCD and may go unprotected for considerable time. A less‐invasive definitive or bridge solution is the implantation of a subcutaneous cardioverter–defibrillator (S‐ICD). The less invasiveness of this procedure ensures easy removal of the system without exposing the patient to the risk of complications.
Aza versus Oxophilicity of SmI2: A Break of a Paradigm
Authors: Maity Sandeepan , Flowers Robert A. , Hoz Shmaryahu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLigands that coordinate to SmI2 through oxygen are prevalent in the literature and make up a significant portion of additives employed with the reagent to perform reactions of great synthetic importance. In the present work a series of spectroscopic, calorimetric and kinetic studies demonstrate that nitrogen‐based analogues of many common additives have a significantly higher affinity for Sm than the oxygen‐based counterparts. In addition, electrochemical experiments show that nitrogen‐based ligands significantly enhance the reducing power of SmI2. Overall, this work demonstrates that the use of nitrogen‐based ligands provides a useful alternative approach to enhance the reactivity of reductants based on SmII.
Enantioseparation of racecadotril using polysaccharide‐type chiral stationary phases in polar organic mode
Authors: Szabó Zoltán‐István , Foroughbakhshfasaei Mohammadhassan , Noszál Béla , Tóth Gergő 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEnantioseparation of the antidiarrheal drug, racecadotril, was investigated by liquid chromatography using polysaccharide‐type chiral stationary phases in polar organic mode. The enantiodiscrimininating properties of 4 different chiral columns (Chiralpak AD, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AS, Chiralcel OJ) with 5 different solvents (methanol, ethanol, 1‐propanol, 2‐propanol, and acetonitrile) at 5 different temperatures (5–40 °C) were investigated. Apart from Chiralpak AS column the other 3 columns showed significant enantioseparation capabilities. Among the tested mobile phases, alcohol type solvents were superior over acetonitrile, and significant differences in enantioselective performance of the selector were observed depending on the type of alcohol employed. Van't Hoff analysis was used for calculation of thermodynamic parameters which revealed that enantioseparation is mainly enthalpy controlled; however, enthropic control was also observed. Enantiopure standard was used to determine the enantiomer elution order, revealing chiral selector—and mobile‐phase dependent reversal of enantiomer elution order. Using the optimized method (Chiralcel OJ stationary phase, thermostated at 10 °C, 100% methanol, flow rate: 0.6 mL/min) baseline separation of racecadotril enantiomers (resolution = 3.00 ± 0.02) was achieved, with the R‐enantiomer eluting first. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines, and its application was tested on capsule and granules containing the racemic mixture of the drug.