bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential, One‐Pot Access to Arylated Benzoquinones/Naphthoquinones from Phenols/Naphthols
Authors: Jiang Jia‐Heng , Boominathan Siva Senthil Kumar , Hu Wan‐Ping , Chen Chung‐Yu , Vandavasi Jaya Kishore , Lin Ying‐Ting , Wang Jeh‐Jeng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA sequential one‐pot approach towards arylated benzoquinones and naphthoquinones is reported. The reaction proceeds through oxidation of phenols/naphthols followed by CH‐arylation with a catalytic amount of triflic acid. Preliminary cytotoxic studies were carried out with five different cell lines and some of the compounds show promising activity.
Synthesis of Pironetin–Dumetorine Hybrids as Tubulin Binders
Authors: Marucci Cristina , Christodoulou Michael S. , Pieraccini Stefano , Sironi Maurizio , Dapiaggi Federico , Cartelli Daniele , Calogero Alessandra M. , Cappelletti Graziella , Vilanova Concepción , Gazzola Silvia , Broggini Gianluigi , Passarella Daniele 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of the eight stereoisomers of 6‐[2‐methoxy‐3‐(piperidinyl)propyl]‐5,6‐dihydropyran‐2‐one is reported. The configuration at C2′ and C6 is induced by a sterecontrolled allylation reaction with DIP‐Cl. The general structure is the result of merging the structures of two natural products (pironetin and dumetorine) with the aim of discovering a new scaffold for tubulin binders. Docking studies and biological evaluations confirm the validity of the approach.
Expectations of recovery: A prognostic factor in patients with neck pain undergoing manual therapy treatment
Authors: Palmlöf L. , Holm L. W. , Alfredsson L. , Skillgate E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundExpectations have been investigated in populations seeking care for neck pain, however not considering potential confounding factors. The aim of this study was to investigate if pretreatment expectations of recovery is a prognostic factor for recovery from neck pain at 7 weeks follow‐up in patients seeking manual therapy treatment.MethodThe study was based on the Stockholm Manual Intervention Trial, a randomized controlled trial investigating efficiency of three combinations of manual therapy. The patients with neck pain were included in this study (n = 716).Expectations of recovery was measured at baseline; ‘How likely is it, according to your judgment, that you are completely recovered from your neck/back problems in 7 weeks’. Patients answered on a 11‐point scale, further categorized into low, moderate and high expectations. The outcome was measured at 7 weeks follow‐up by a modified version of the Global Perceived Recovery Question. Potential effect measure modifiers and confounders were measured at baseline. Multivariable log binomial regression models were used to analyse the association between expectations and recovery, presented as relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsHigh expectations of recovery yielded a 47% increased probability of being recovered at 7 weeks follow‐up. High expectations of recovery yielded improved recovery in both men and women separately, but moderate expectations yielded improved recovery only among men.ConclusionOur results suggest that expectations of recovery is a prognostic factor for recovery in patients with neck pain seeking manual therapy treatment.What does this study add?We found that high expectations of recovery yielded a higher probability of recovery compared to having low expectations, also when considering potential confounding factors. Expectations seemed to have a more distinct influence on recovery among men.
The effects of total knee replacement and non‐surgical treatment on pain sensitization and clinical pain
Authors: Skou S.T. , Roos E.M. , Simonsen O. , Laursen M.B. , Rathleff M.S. , Arendt‐Nielsen L. , Rasmussen S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe objective was to compare the effect of total knee replacement (TKR) followed by a 3‐month non‐surgical treatment with the non‐surgical treatment alone in reducing pain sensitization and other pain‐related measures in patients with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsOne hundred patients were randomized to (1) TKR followed by a non‐surgical treatment of neuromuscular exercise, education, diet, insoles and pain medication or (2) the non‐surgical treatment alone. Outcomes assessed at baseline and after 3 months were as follows: (1) pain sensitization assessed as pressure‐pain thresholds (PPTs) at the knee (localized sensitization) and the lower leg (spreading sensitization), (2) peak pain intensity during the previous 24 h, (3) pain intensity after 30 min of walking, (4) pain location and pattern, (5) spreading of pain on a region‐divided body chart and (6) the usage of pain medication.ResultsThere was a statistical significant mean difference (95% CI) in change in PPTs from baseline to 3 months between groups in the crude analysis of 71 kPa (21–121) and of 75 kPa (33–117) when adjusting for baseline PPT, age, gender and body mass index, favouring the group having TKR. There were no significant between‐group differences in change in the pain‐related measures from baseline to 3 months (p = 0.15–0.27). Both groups improved in most of the pain‐related measures (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAt 3 months, TKR followed by non‐surgical treatment is more effective in reducing localized and spreading pain sensitization than non‐surgical treatment alone. Both treatments are equally efficacious in reducing the pain‐related measures of this study.What does this study add?

Knee replacement followed by non‐surgical treatment is more effective in reducing pain sensitization, but not other pain‐related measures, as compared to non‐surgical treatment alone at 3 months.
Current-use pesticides in seawater and their bioaccumulation in polar bear–ringed seal food chains of the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Morris Adam D. , Muir Derek C.G. , Solomon Keith R. , Letcher Robert J. , McKinney Melissa A. , Fisk Aaron T. , McMeans Bailey C. , Tomy Gregg T. , Teixeira Camilla , Wang Xiaowa , Duric Mark 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

The distribution of current-use pesticides (CUPs) in seawater and their trophodynamics were investigated in 3 Canadian Arctic marine food chains. The greatest ranges of dissolved-phase concentrations in seawater for each CUP were endosulfan sulfate (less than method detection limit (MDL) to 19 pg L−1) &gt; dacthal (0.76–15 pg L−1) &gt; chlorpyrifos (less than MDL to 8.1 pg L−1) &gt; pentachloronitrobenzene (less than MDL to 2.6 pg L−1) &gt; α-endosulfan (0.20–2.3 pg L−1). Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs, water-respiring organisms) were greatest in plankton, including chlorothalonil (log BAF = 7.4 ± 7.1 L kg−1, mean ± standard error), chlorpyrifos (log BAF = 6.9 ± 6.7 L kg−1), and α-endosulfan (log BAF = 6.5 ± 6.0 L kg−1). The largest biomagnification factors (BMFs) were found for dacthal in the capelin:plankton trophic relationship (BMF = 13 ± 5.0) at Cumberland Sound (Nunvavut), and for β-endosulfan (BMF = 16 ± 4.9) and α-endosulfan (BMF = 9.3 ± 2.8) in the polar bear—ringed seal relationship at Barrow and Rae Strait (NU), respectively. Concentrations of endosulfan sulfate exhibited trophic magnification (increasing concentrations with increasing trophic level) in the poikilothermic portion of the food web (trophic magnification factor = 1.4), but all of the CUPs underwent trophic dilution in the marine mammal food web, despite some trophic level–specific biomagnification. Together, these observations are most likely indicative of metabolism of these CUPs in mammals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1695–1707. © 2016 SETAC
Factors affecting characterization and localization of interindividual differences in functional connectivity using MRI
Authors: Airan Raag D. , Vogelstein Joshua T. , Pillai Jay J. , Caffo Brian , Pekar James J. , Sair Haris I. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMuch recent attention has been paid to quantifying anatomic and functional neuroimaging on the individual subject level. For optimal individual subject characterization, specific acquisition and analysis features need to be identified that maximize interindividual variability while concomitantly minimizing intra‐subject variability. We delineate the effect of various acquisition parameters (length of acquisition, sampling frequency) and analysis methods (time course extraction, region of interest parcellation, and thresholding of connectivity‐derived network graphs) on characterizing individual subject differentiation. We utilize a non‐parametric statistical metric that quantifies the degree to which a parameter set allows this individual subject differentiation by both maximizing interindividual variance and minimizing intra‐individual variance. We apply this metric to analysis of four publicly available test‐retest resting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) data sets. We find that for the question of maximizing individual differentiation, (i) for increasing sampling, there is a relative tradeoff between increased sampling frequency and increased acquisition time; (ii) for the sizes of the interrogated data sets, only 3‐4 min of acquisition time was sufficient to maximally differentiate each subject with an algorithm that utilized no a priori information regarding subject identification; and (iii) brain regions that most contribute to this individual subject characterization lie in the default mode, attention, and executive control networks. These findings may guide optimal rs‐fMRI experiment design and may elucidate the neural bases for subject‐to‐subject differences. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1986–1997, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Real‐Time GFP Intravital Imaging of the Differences in Cellular and Angiogenic Behavior of Subcutaneous and Orthotopic Nude‐Mouse Models of Human PC‐3 Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yong , Toneri Makoto , Ma Huaiyu , Yang Zhijian , Bouvet Michael , Goto Yusuke , Seki Naohiko , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThere are two major types of mouse xenograft models of cancer: subcutaneous implantation and orthotopic implantation. Subcutaneous transplant models are widely used with both cancer cell lines and human‐tumor specimens. Recently, subcutaneous models of patient tumors, termed patient‐derived xenographs (PDX) have become highly popular and have acquired such names as “Avatar” and “Xenopatients.” However, such s.c. models rarely metastasize and are therefore not patient‐like. In contrast, orthotopic models have the capability to metastasize. If intact fragments of tumor tissue are implanted by surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI), the metastatic potential can match that of the donor patient. The present study images in real time, using green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression, the very different tumor behavior at the orthotopic and subcutaneous sites of human prostate cancer PC‐3 in athymic nude mice. By day‐2 after tumor implantation, the orthotopic tumor is already highly vascularized and the cancer cells have begun to migrate out of the tumor. In contrast, the subcutaneous tumor only begins to be vascularized by day‐3 and cells do not migrate from the tumor. Angiogenesis is much more extensive in the orthotopic tumor throughout the 2‐week observation period. The orthotopic PC‐3‐GFP tumor progresses very rapidly and distinct metastasis have appeared in lymph nodes by day‐3 which rapidly appear in many areas of the abdominal cavity including portal lymph nodes by day‐7. At day‐14, no invasion or metastasis was observed with the s.c. tumor even when the animal was extensively explored. These results explain why orthotopic tumors mimimc clinical metastatic tumors in nude mice and why subcutaneous tumors do not. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2546–2551, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptive evolution of a derived radius morphology in manakins (Aves, Pipridae) to support acrobatic display behavior
Authors: Friscia Anthony , Sanin Gloria D. , Lindsay Willow R. , Day Lainy B. , Schlinger Barney A. , Tan Josh , Fuxjager Matthew J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe morphology of the avian skeleton is often studied in the context of adaptations for powered flight. The effects of other evolutionary forces, such as sexual selection, on avian skeletal design are unclear, even though birds produce diverse behaviors that undoubtedly require a variety of osteological modifications. Here, we investigate this issue in a family of passerine birds called manakins (Pipridae), which have evolved physically unusual and elaborate courtship displays. We report that, in species within the genus Manacus, the shaft of the radius is heavily flattened and shows substantial solidification. Past work anecdotally notes this morphology and attributes it to the species' ability to hit their wings together above their heads to produce loud mechanical sonations. Our results show that this feature is unique to Manacus compared to the other species in our study, including a variety of taxa that produce other sonations through alternate wing mechanisms. At the same time, our data reveal striking similarities across species in total radius volume and solidification. Together, this suggests that supposedly adaptive alterations in radial morphology occur within a conserved framework of a set radius volume and solidness, which in turn is likely determined by natural selection. Further allometric analyses imply that the radius is less constrained by body size and the structural demands that underlie powered flight, compared to other forelimb bones that are mostly unmodified across taxa. These results are consistent with the idea that the radius is more susceptible to selective modification by sexual selection. Overall, this study provides some of the first insight into the osteological evolution of passerine birds, as well as the way in which opposing selective forces can shape skeletal design in these species. J. Morphol. 277:766–775, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological analysis of the hagfish heart. II. The venous pole and the pericardium
Authors: Icardo José M. , Colvee Elvira , Schorno Sarah , Lauriano Eugenia R. , Fudge Douglas S. , Glover Chris N. , Zaccone Giacomo 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe morphological characteristics of the venous pole and pericardium of the heart were examined in three hagfish species, Myxine glutinosa, Eptatretus stoutii, and Eptatretus cirrhatus. In these species, the atrioventricular (AV) canal is long, funnel‐shaped and contains small amounts of myocardium. The AV valve is formed by two pocket‐like leaflets that lack a papillary system. The atrial wall is formed by interconnected muscle trabeculae and a well‐defined collagenous system. The sinus venosus (SV) shows a collagenous wall and is connected to the left side of the atrium. An abrupt collagen‐muscle boundary marks the SV‐atrium transition. It is hypothesized that the SV is not homologous to that of other vertebrates which could have important implications for understanding heart evolution. In M. glutinosa and E. stoutii, the pericardium is a closed bag that hangs from the tissues dorsal to the heart and encloses both the heart and the ventral aorta. In contrast, the pericardium is continuous with the loose periaortic tissue in E. cirrhatus. In all three species, the pericardium ends at the level of the SV excluding most of the atrium from the pericardial cavity. In M. glutinosa and E. stoutii, connective bridges extend between the base of the aorta and the ventricular wall. In E. cirrhatus, the connections between the periaortic tissue and the ventricle may carry blood vessels that reach the ventricular base. A further difference specific to E. cirrhatus is that the adipose tissue associated with the pericardium contains thyroid follicles. J. Morphol. 277:853–865, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biological and therapeutic properties of bee pollen: a review
Authors: Denisow Bożena , Denisow‐Pietrzyk Marta 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNatural products, including bee products, are particularly appreciated by consumers and are used for therapeutic purposes as alternative drugs. However, it is not known whether treatments with bee products are safe and how to minimise the health risks of such products. Among others, bee pollen is a natural honeybee product promoted as a valuable source of nourishing substances and energy. The health‐enhancing value of bee pollen is expected due to the wide range of secondary plant metabolites (tocopherol, niacin, thiamine, biotin and folic acid, polyphenols, carotenoid pigments, phytosterols), besides enzymes and co‐enzymes, contained in bee pollen. The promising reports on the antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticariogenic antibacterial, antifungicidal, hepatoprotective, anti‐atherosclerotic, immune enhancing potential require long‐term and large cohort clinical studies. The main difficulty in the application of bee pollen in modern phytomedicine is related to the wide species‐specific variation in its composition. Therefore, the variations may differently contribute to bee‐pollen properties and biological activity and thus in therapeutic effects. In principle, we can unequivocally recommend bee pollen as a valuable dietary supplement. Although the bee‐pollen components have potential bioactive and therapeutic properties, extensive research is required before bee pollen can be used in therapy. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Shelf‐life extension of Pacific white shrimp using algae extracts during refrigerated storage
Authors: Li Yingchang , Yang Zhongyan , Li Jianrong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDShrimp is a low‐fat, high‐protein aquatic product, and is susceptible to spoilage during storage. To establish an effective method for the quality control of Pacific white shrimp, the effects of polyphenols (PP) and polysaccharides (PS) from Porphyra yezoensis on the quality of Pacific white shrimp were assessed during refrigerated storage. Pacific white shrimp samples were treated with 5 g L−1 polyphenols, and 8 g L−1 polysaccharides, then stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 8 days. All samples were subjected to measurement of total viable count (TVC), pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), K‐value, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and were also assessed by sensory evaluation.RESULTSThe results showed that PP, PS, and the mixture of polyphenols and polysaccharides (PP+PS) could inhibit the increase of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and K‐value, and reduce total viable count (TVC) compared with the control group. PP could also inhibit polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Sensory evaluation proved the efficacy of PP and PS by maintaining the overall quality of Pacific white shrimp during refrigerated storage. Moreover, PP+PS could extend the shelf‐life of shrimp by 3–4 days compared with the control group.CONCLUSIONPP+PS could more effectively maintain quality and extend shelf‐life during refrigerated storage. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The Thermal Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites with and without Fillers
Authors: Suchitra M. , Renukappa N. M. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryAn experimental study has been carried out in order to investigate the thermal properties of glass fiber reinforced epoxy (G‐E) composite with inorganic nano and micro fillers namely silica, alumina and aluminatrihydrate. The hybrid composites were fabricated by ultrasonication and pultrusion techniques. Morphological characterization was carried out by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the micro‐graphs revealed an improved dispersion quality of fillers in the G‐E composite. The thermal conductivity, glass transition temperature, thermal stability and coefficient of thermal expansion were investigated as per ASTM standards. The results reveal that the best performance was found to be in Al2O3 + SiO2 + ATH + G‐E hybrid composite.
Palm oil deodorizer distillate as toughening agent in polylactide packaging films
Authors: Ruellan Alexandre , Ducruet Violette , Gratia Audrey , Saelices Jimenez Lidia , Guinault Alain , Sollogoub Cyrille , Chollet Guillaume , Domenek Sandra 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPolylactide (PLA) is the most used biodegradable and biobased food packaging polymer for rigid containers and films. However, its low ductility is a hurdle for increasing its applications in flexible food packaging. A solution is the use of additives. Palm oil deodorizer distillate (PODC) is revealed to be an excellent additive promoting PLA ductility. PODC is a by‐product of vegetable oil refining, which is available in stable quality and in sufficient amounts. Amorphous PLA/PODC blends had an elongation at break of around 130% and that of semi‐crystalline blends was still around 55% compared to the initial 5% of neat PLA. At the same time the PLA rigidity and high glass transition temperatures were kept. PODC was also a very efficient processing aid, allowing for film blow extrusion. The blends were stable in properties during six months without exudation. They complied with legal norms of Food Contact Materials (EU 10/2011) and induced no sensorial alteration of packed food. Therefore PODC is a very interesting alternative to common plasticizers for the production of flexible PLA packaging films. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Cold, warm, and hot programming of shape memory polymers
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Wang Anqi 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, programming is classified as hot, warm, and cold, based on the temperature zone within which the programming is conducted. The strain and stress locking and releasing mechanisms are discussed within the thermodynamics framework. A new formula is developed for quantifying the strain recovery ratio of cold‐programmed SMPs. Stress fixity ratio and stress recovery ratio are also defined based on the understanding of stress locking and recovery mechanisms. State‐of‐the‐art literature on warm and cold programming is reviewed. Well‐controlled programming as well as free strain recovery test and constrained stress recovery test are conducted, in order to validate the memory mechanisms discussed in this study. It is found that, while programming temperature has an insignificant effect on the final free shape recovery, it has a significant effect on the stress recovery. The recovery stress programmed by cold programming may be lower, equal to, or higher than that by hot programming, due to the different stress locking mechanisms and other factors such as damage during the thermomechanical cycle.Cold, Warm, and Hot Programming of Shape Memory Polymers© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2016,54, 1319–1339