bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Smirnov class for spaces with the complete Pick property
Authors: Aleman Alexandru , Hartz Michael , McCarthy John E. , Richter Stefan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe show that every function in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space with a normalized complete Pick kernel is the quotient of a multiplier and a cyclic multiplier. This extends a theorem of Alpay, Bolotnikov and Kaptanoğlu. We explore various consequences of this result regarding zero sets, spaces on compact sets and Gleason parts. In particular, using a construction of Salas, we exhibit a rotationally invariant complete Pick space of analytic functions on the unit disc for which the corona theorem fails.
Four‐dimensional analogues of Dehn's lemma
Authors: Ray Arunima , Ruberman Daniel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe investigate certain 4‐dimensional analogues of the classical 3‐dimensional Dehn's lemma, giving examples where such analogues do or do not hold, in the smooth and topological categories. In particular, we show that an essential 2‐sphere in the boundary of a simply connected 4‐manifold such that is null‐homotopic in need not extend to an embedding of a ball in . However, if has abelian fundamental group with boundary a homology sphere, then bounds a topologically embedded ball in . Additionally, we give examples where such an does not bound any smoothly embedded ball in . In a similar vein, we construct incompressible tori where is a contractible 4‐manifold such that extends to a map of a solid torus in , but not to any embedding of a solid torus in . Moreover, we construct an incompressible torus in the boundary of a contractible 4‐manifold such that extends to a topological embedding of a solid torus in but no smooth embedding. As an application of our results about tori, we address a question posed by Gompf about extending certain families of diffeomorphisms of 3‐manifolds; he has recently used such families to construct infinite order corks.
A spectral incarnation of affine character sheaves
Authors: Ben-Zvi David , Nadler David , Preygel Anatoly 
Published: July 2017

We present a Langlands dual realization of the putative category of affine character sheaves. Namely, we calculate the categorical center and trace (also known as the Drinfeld center and trace, or categorical Hochschild cohomology and homology) of the affine Hecke category starting from its spectral presentation. The resulting categories comprise coherent sheaves on the commuting stack of local systems on the two-torus satisfying prescribed support conditions, in particular singular support conditions, which appear in recent advances in the geometric Langlands program. The key technical tools in our arguments are a new descent theory for coherent sheaves or ${\mathcal{D}}$-modules with prescribed singular support and the theory of integral transforms for coherent sheaves developed in the companion paper by Ben-Zvi et al. [Integral transforms for coherent sheaves, J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS), to appear].
What is best practice in sex and relationship education? A synthesis of evidence, including stakeholders’ views
Authors: Pound Pandora , Denford Sarah , Shucksmith Janet , Tanton Clare , Johnson Anne M , Owen Jenny , Hutten Rebecca , Mohan Leanne , Bonell Chris , Abraham Charles , Campbell Rona 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesSex and relationship education (SRE) is regarded as vital to improving young people’s sexual health, but a third of schools in England lacks good SRE and government guidance is outdated. We aimed to identify what makes SRE programmes effective, acceptable, sustainable and capable of faithful implementation.DesignThis is a synthesis of findings from five research packages that we conducted (practitioner interviews, case study investigation, National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, review of reviews and qualitative synthesis). We also gained feedback on our research from stakeholder consultations.SettingsPrimary research and stakeholder consultations were conducted in the UK. Secondary research draws on studies worldwide.ResultsOur findings indicate that school-based SRE and school-linked sexual health services can be effective at improving sexual health. We found professional consensus that good programmes start in primary school. Professionals and young people agreed that good programmes are age-appropriate, interactive and take place in a safe environment. Some young women reported preferring single-sex classes, but young men appeared to want mixed classes. Young people and professionals agreed that SRE should take a ‘life skills’ approach and not focus on abstinence. Young people advocated a ‘sex-positive’ approach but reported this was lacking. Young people and professionals agreed that SRE should discuss risks, but young people indicated that approaches to risk need revising. Professionals felt teachers should be involved in SRE delivery, but many young people reported disliking having their teachers deliver SRE and we found that key messages could become lost when interpreted by teachers. The divergence between young people and professionals was echoed by stakeholders. We developed criteria for best practice based on the evidence.ConclusionsWe identified key features of effective and acceptable SRE. Our best practice criteria can be used to evaluate existing programmes, contribute to the development of new programmes and inform consultations around statutory SRE.
Age Differences in the Ability to Use Visual Cues in Auditory Communication
Authors: Farrimond Thomas 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine whether with age, older workers who suffered from a loss in hearing acuity, developed compensatory skills. Tests of speechreading ability were given to men working in industry and the results examined for any variation in the development of this skill with regard to age, amount of hearing-loss and vocabulary level. The findings indicate that although hearing losses increase with age, there does not appear to be any incidental acquisition of skill in the use of the visual components of speech as an aid to speech intelligibility. In fact the ability to make use of such cues seems to diminish after the age of about 39, and scores obtained by the over-sixties in a specially constructed speechreading test, fall to approximately half of those made by the thirty to thirty-nine year old subjects. Vocabulary level appears to influence scores made in the speechreading test. There is also a correlation between vocabulary level and performance on the speech test of hearing ability.
Word Games and Syllable Structure
Authors: Pierrehumbert Janet , Nair Rami 
Published: July 2017

The internal structure of the syllable has been a matter of long-standing debate. Some theories propose a highly articulated tree structure whose topmost constituents are the onset and the rhyme. However, much recent work in phonological theory has adopted a flatter model in which neither the onset nor the rhyme constitutes a constituent. Experiments using the novel word game paradigm developed in Treiman (1983) have been interpreted as supporting the onset-rhyme model. Here we present new results using this paradigm. Subjects learned to insert infixes into simple monosyllabic words, and then extended the infixation to more complex forms including longer words with variable stress placement. The results are interpreted in the light of findings about morphophonemic processes occurring in natural language. Our model draws on the concept of template mapping, adapted from the literature on prosodic morphology. The patterns observed in the data are better modeled by mapping onto output templates than by any derivational rule referring to onset-rhyme constituency. Though the output templates do include prosodic detail, the level of detail available in flat models of the syllable is sufficient to explain the results. A critical appraisal of these results in relation to other results in the literature leads us to reject the onsetrhyme model.
Tularemia Outbreak Associated with Outdoor Exposure along the Western Side of Utah Lake, Utah, 2007
Authors: Calanan Renee M. , Rolfs Robert T. , Summers JoDee , Coombs Jana , Amadio John , Holbrook Joy , Mead Paul S. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives. In 2007, a localized outbreak of tularemia occurred among visitors to a lodge on the western side of Utah Lake, Utah. We assessed risk factors for disease and attempted to identify undiagnosed clinically compatible illnesses. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study by recruiting all people who had visited the lodge on the western side of Utah Lake from June 3 to July 28, 2007. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a sub-cohort of people who were part of an organized group that had at least one tularemia patient. Questions assessed risk and protective factors and disease symptoms. Results. During the outbreak period, 14 cases of tularemia were reported from five of Utah's 12 health districts. The weekly attack rate ranged from 0 to 2.1/100 lodge visitors from June 3 to July 28. Illness onset dates ranged from June 15 to July 8. The median delay between onset of symptoms and laboratory test for tularemia was 14 days (range: 7–34 days). Cohort study respondents who reported deer-fly bites while at the lodge (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] = 7.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4, 22.0) and who reported having worn a hat (ARR=5.6, 95% CI 1.3, 24.6) were more likely to become ill. Conclusions. This was Utah's second documented deer-fly-associated human tularemia outbreak. People participating in outdoor activities in endemic areas should be aware of disease risks and take precautions. Educational campaigns can aid in earlier disease recognition, reporting, and, consequently, outbreak detection.
The Colorado Violent Death Reporting System (COVDRS): Validity and Utility of the Veteran Status Variable
Authors: Bahraini Nazanin H. , Gutierrez Peter M. , Harwood Jeri E.F. , Huggins Joe A. , Hedegaard Holly , Chase Mary , Brenner Lisa A. 
Published: July 2017

Objective. Using the Veterans Affairs Beneficiary Identification Record Locator Subsystem (BIRLS) as the criterion database, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the death certificate information in the Colorado Violent Death Reporting System (COVDRS) to determine Veteran status for those who died by suicide. Methods. The study sample consisted of 3,820 individuals aged 18 years and older who died by suicide in Colorado from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2008. To determine agreement on Veteran status, COVDRS data were submitted to the Veterans Benefits Administration for linkage to the BIRLS using Social Security numbers. Results. Sensitivity and specificity of the Veteran status information on the death certificate were 93.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 90.7, 95.2) and 91.7% (95% CI 90.5, 92.8), respectively. The overall agreement between the death certificate and the BIRLS on Veteran status was very good (kappa = 0.76; 95% CI 0.74, 0.79). Conclusions. This study of 3,820 suicide deaths in Colorado demonstrated a high level of agreement between the COVDRS Veteran status variable and the BIRLS. Such findings offer support for using the COVDRS in studying factors associated with suicide in the Veteran population.
Integration of Syndromic Surveillance Data into Public Health Practice at State and Local Levels in North Carolina
Authors: Samoff Erika , Waller Anna , Fleischauer Aaron , Ising Amy , Davis Meredith K. , Park Mike , Haas Stephanie W. , DiBiase Lauren , MacDonald Pia D.M. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives. We sought to describe the integration of syndromic surveillance data into daily surveillance practice at local health departments (LHDs) and make recommendations for the effective integration of syndromic and reportable disease data for public health use. Methods. Structured interviews were conducted with local health directors and communicable disease nursing staff from a stratified random sample of LHDs from May through September 2009. Interviews captured information on direct access to the North Carolina syndromic surveillance system and on the use of syndromic surveillance information for outbreak management, program management, and the creation of reports. We analyzed syndromic surveillance system data to assess the number of signals resulting in a public health response. Results. Syndromic surveillance data were used for outbreak investigation (19% of respondents) and program management and report writing (43% of respondents); a minority reported use of both syndromic and reportable disease data for these purposes (15% and 23%, respectively). Receiving data from frequent system users was associated with using data for these purposes ( p=0.016 and p=0.033, respectively, for syndromic and reportable disease data). A small proportion of signals (<25%) resulted in a public health response. Conclusions. Use of syndromic surveillance data by North Carolina local public health authorities resulted in meaningful public health action, including both case investigation and program management. While useful, the syndromic surveillance data system was oriented toward sensitivity rather than efficiency. Successful incorporation of new surveillance data is likely to require systems that are oriented toward efficiency.
Leading Causes of Unintentional Injury and Suicide Mortality in Canadian Adults across the Urban-Rural Continuum
Authors: Burrows Stephanie , Auger Nathalie , Gamache Philippe , Hamel Denis 
Published: July 2017

Objective. We examined the leading causes of unintentional injury and suicide mortality in adults across the urban-rural continuum. Methods. Injury mortality data were drawn from a representative cohort of 2,735,152 Canadians aged ≥25 years at baseline, who were followed for mortality from 1991 to 2001. We estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for urban-rural continuum and cause-specific unintentional injury (i.e., motor vehicle, falls, poisoning, drowning, suffocation, and fire/burn) and suicide (i.e., hanging, poisoning, firearm, and jumping) mortality, adjusting for socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Results. Rates of unintentional injury mortality were elevated in less urbanized areas for both males and females We found an urban-rural gradient for motor vehicle, drowning, and fire/burn deaths, but not for fall, poisoning, or suffocation deaths. Urban-rural differences in suicide risk were observed for males but not females. Declining urbanization was associated with higher risks of firearm suicides and lower risks of jumping suicides, but there was no apparent trend in hanging and poisoning suicides. Conclusion. Urban-rural gradients in adults were more pronounced for unintentional motor vehicle, drowning, and fire/burn deaths, as well as for firearm and jumping suicide deaths than for other causes of injury mortality These results suggest that the degree of urbanization may be an important consideration in guiding prevention efforts for many causes of injury fatality.
Comment on a Short Communication: An Evaluation of Psychological Reports Considered in the Amnesty Process of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission by Lionel Nicholas
Authors: Robbertze J.H. 
Published: July 2017

In the above mentioned article the author, inter alia, attempts to evaluate a report written by an expert consultant and submitted to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. This commentary will show that the author's evaluation is fraught with inconsistencies and misinterpreted or incorrectly reported facts and that it does nothing to contribute to a debate on either the psychiatric diagnosis of mental illness or the amnesty process. It will also ask why an article of this nature was published in a professional publication such as the South African Journal of Psychology.
Vagal body tumors
Authors: Arts H. Alexander , Fagan Paul A. 
Published: July 2017

Six cases of vagal body tumor are reviewed. All first presented as painless neck masses with normal cranial nerve function. Otologic symptoms were infrequent, occurring only with temporal bone involvement. In true vagal paragangliomas, cranial nerve and auditory function is usually preserved until there is extensive disease of the skull base. Tumor progression after radiotherapy was documented in four patients, three of whom were treated with 4500 cGy or more. One patient was found to have regional lymph node metastases. The six patients had a total of 10 head and neck paragangliomas, illustrating the high incidence of synchronous and metachronous lesions. Because of the high incidence of multiple lesions, these tumors threaten lower cranial nerves bilaterally in many instances. Because cranial nerve function is preserved until late, and because vagal and accessory nerve paralysis is usually unavoidable with resection, we advocate conservative treatment in selected cases. It may be reasonable to postpone surgery until cranial nerve impairment becomes evident or other vital structures are threatened.
Selective chemical vestibulectomy: Preliminary results with human application
Authors: Amedee Ronald G. , Norris Charles H. , Risey John A. 
Published: July 2017

The involved membranous labyrinth of patients with medically intractable Meniere's disease is being accessed by means of a fenestration of the bony horizontal semicircular canal in preparation for the application of a 125 or 250 mcg flake of solid streptomycin. Sensory information originating in the affected vestibular end organ is selectively blocked from reaching the central nervous system. This uniformly results in the rapid elimination of vertiginous symptoms, and at these calculated doses yields preservation of (or in some cases improvement in) preoperative cochlear thresholds. The rationale for this procedure, as detailed in earlier investigations of animals, will be briefly reviewed before highlighting our preliminary results in adult clinical trials.
Magnetic spectroscopy of nanoparticulate greigite, Fe3S4
Authors: Pattrick Richard A. D. , Coker Victoria S. , Akhtar Masood , Malik M. Azad , Lewis Edward , Haigh Sarah , O'Brien Paul , Shafer Padraic C. , van der Laan Gerrit 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSynthesis of Ni and Zn substituted nano-greigite, Fe3S4, is achieved from single source diethyldithiocarbamato precursor compounds, producing particles typically 50–100 nm in diameter with plate-like pseudohexagonal morphologies. Up to 12 wt.% Ni is incorporated into the greigite structure, and there is evidence that Zn is also incorporated but Co is not substituted into the lattice. The FeL3X-ray absorption spectra for these materials have a narrow single peak at 707.7 eV and the resulting main X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) has the same sign at 708.75 eV. All XMCD spectra also have a broad positive feature at 711 eV, a characteristic of covalent mixing. The greigite XMCD spectra contrast with the three clearly defined XMCD site specific peaks found in the ferrite spinel, magnetite. The FeL2,3X-ray absorption spectra and XMCD spectra of the greigite reflect and reveal the high conductivity of greigite and the very strong covalency of the Fe–S bonding. The electron hopping between Fe3+and Fe2+on octahedral sites results in an intermediate oxidation state of the Fe in the Ohsite of Fe2.5+producing an effective formula of [Fe3+↑]A-site[2Fe2.5+↓]B-siteS42–]. The NiL2,3X-ray absorption spectra and XMCD reveal substitution on the Ohsite with a strongly covalent character and an oxidation state <Ni1.5+in a representative formula [Fe3+↑]A[[(2 – x)Fe2.5+↓][Nix1.5+]]BS42–.
Neurocognitive Functioning of Children Treated for High-Risk B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Randomly Assigned to Different Methotrexate and Corticosteroid Treatment Strategies: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Hardy Kristina K. , Embry Leanne , Kairalla John A. , Helian Shanjun , Devidas Meenakshi , Armstrong Daniel , Hunger Stephen , Carroll William L. , Larsen Eric , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Loh Mignon L. , Yang Wenjian , Relling Mary V. , Noll Robert B. , Winick Naomi 
Published: July 2017

Purpose Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk for neurocognitive deficits that are associated with treatment, individual, and environmental factors. This study examined the impact of different methotrexate (MTX) and corticosteroid treatment strategies on neurocognitive functioning in children with high-risk B-lineage ALL. Methods Participants were randomly assigned to receive high-dose MTX with leucovorin rescue or escalating dose MTX with PEG asparaginase without leucovorin rescue. Patients were also randomly assigned to corticosteroid therapy that included either dexamethasone or prednisone. A neurocognitive evaluation of intellectual functioning (IQ), working memory, and processing speed (PS) was conducted 8 to 24 months after treatment completion (n = 192). Results The method of MTX delivery and corticosteroid assignment were unrelated to differences in neurocognitive outcomes after controlling for ethnicity, race, age, gender, insurance status, and time off treatment; however, survivors who were age < 10 years at diagnosis (n = 89) had significantly lower estimated IQ ( P < .001) and PS scores ( P = .02) compared with participants age ≥ 10 years. In addition, participants who were covered by US public health insurance had estimated IQs that were significantly lower ( P < .001) than those with US private or military insurance. Conclusion Children with high-risk B-lineage ALL who were age < 10 years at diagnosis are at risk for deficits in IQ and PS in the absence of cranial radiation, regardless of MTX delivery or corticosteroid type. These data may serve as a basis for developing screening protocols to identify children who are at high risk for deficits so that early intervention can be initiated to mitigate the impact of therapy on neurocognitive outcomes.
Randomized Trial Comparing Two Algorithms for Levothyroxine Dose Adjustment in Pregnant Women With Primary Hypothyroidism
Authors: Sullivan Shannon D , Downs Erin , Popoveniuc Geanina , Zeymo Alexander , Jonklaas Jacqueline , Burman Kenneth D 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Context
Regulation of maternal thyroid hormones during pregnancy is crucial for optimal maternal and fetal outcomes. There are no specific guidelines addressing maternal levothyroxine (LT4) dose adjustments throughout pregnancy.

Objective
To compare two LT4 dose-adjustment algorithms in hypothyroid pregnant women.

Design
Thirty-three women on stable LT4 doses were recruited at &lt;10 weeks gestation during 38 pregnancies and randomized to one of two dose-adjustment groups. Group 1 (G1) used an empiric two-pill/week dose increase followed by subsequent pill-per-week dose adjustments. In group 2 (G2), LT4 dose was adjusted in an ongoing approach in micrograms per day based on current thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level and LT4 dose. TSH was monitored every 2 weeks in trimesters 1 and 2 and every 4 weeks in trimester 3.

Setting
Academic endocrinology clinics in Washington, DC.

Main Outcome Measure
Proportion of TSH values within trimester-specific goal ranges.

Results
Mean gestational age at study entry was 6.4 ± 2.1 weeks. Seventy-five percent of TSH values were within trimester-specific goal ranges in G1 compared with 81% in G2 (P = 0.09). Similar numbers of LT4 dose adjustments per pregnancy were required in both groups (G1, 3.1 ± 2.0 vs G2, 4.1 ± 3.2; P = 0.27). Women in G1 were more likely to have suppressed TSH &lt;0.1 mIU/L in trimester 1 (P = 0.01). Etiology of hypothyroidism, but not thyroid antibody status, was associated with proportion of goal TSH values.

Conclusions
We compared two options for LT4 dose adjustment and showed that an ongoing adjustment approach is as effective as empiric dose increase for maintaining goal TSH in hypothyroid women during pregnancy.