bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological and psychological effects of imagery techniques on health anxiety
Authors: Tolgou T. , Rohrmann S. , Stockhausen C. , Krampen D. , Warnecke I. , Reiss N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrevious research has shown that intrusions are part of the psychopathology of mental disorders. Imagery techniques seem to be an effective treatment of negative intrusions. Since negative mental imagery is part of health anxiety, the present study investigated the impact of imagery techniques on health anxiety. A total of 159 students with elevated scores in a health anxiety questionnaire watched an aversive film concerning a cancer patient and were randomly allocated to one of three interventions (positive imagery, imagery reexperiencing, imagery rescripting) or the control group. The intervention lasted 9 min. Physiological data (heart rate and cortisol) as well as psychological measures, such as mood ratings, health anxiety scores, and intrusions, were assessed during the appointment, while psychological measures were assessed over a period of 1 week after the intervention. Cortisol levels changed over time depending on the intervention. Heart rate changed during the 9‐min interventions as well, with the fastest decrease during imagery rescripting. Moreover, negative mood and distress decreased after the intervention, while intrusions were reduced 1 week after the intervention in all groups equally. The results suggest that imagery rescripting is a promising technique that seems to activate a process of deep elaboration. Therefore, it might be an adequate way to target health anxiety symptoms such as anxiety, intrusions, and avoidance or safety‐seeking behavior. Further studies should focus on imagery rescripting in clinical samples with health anxiety and target individual intrusive images to increase effectiveness. Nevertheless, the development of a long‐term explanatory model of rescripting is needed.
Geology, Fluid Inclusions, and Isotopic Geochemistry of the Jinman Sediment‐Hosted Copper Deposit in the Lanping Basin, China
Authors: Zou Zhichao , Zhang Jinrang , Hu Ruizhong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Jinman Cu polymetallic deposit is located within Middle Jurassic sandstone and slate units in the Lanping Basin of southwestern China. The Cu mineralization occurs mainly as sulfide‐bearing quartz–carbonate veins in faults and fractures, controlled by a Cenozoic thrust–nappe system. A detailed study of fluid inclusions from the Jinman deposit distinguishes three types of fluid inclusions in syn‐ore quartz and post‐ore calcite: aqueous water (type A), CO2–H2O (type B), and CO2‐dominated (type C) fluid inclusions.The homogenization temperatures of CO2–H2O inclusions vary from 208°C to 329°C, with corresponding salinities from 0.6 to 4.6 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The homogenization temperatures of the aqueous fluid inclusions mainly range from 164°C to 249°C, with salinities from 7.2 to 20.2 wt.% NaCl equivalent. These characteristics of fluid inclusions are significantly different from those of basinal mineralization systems, but similar to those of orogenic or magmatic mineralization systems. The H and O isotope compositions suggest that the ore‐forming fluid is predominantly derived from magmatic water, with the participation of basinal brine. The δ34S values are widely variable between −9.7 ‰ and 9.7 ‰, with a mode distribution around zero, which may be interpreted by the variation in physico‐chemical conditions or by compositional variation of the sources. The mixing of a deeply sourced CO2‐rich fluid with basinal brine was the key mechanism responsible for the mineralization of the Jinman deposit.
Nurses' perceptions of pain assessment and management practices in neonates: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Pölkki Tarja , Korhonen Anne , Laukkala Helena 
Published: August 2017

AimsThis study aimed to describe pain assessment and management practices for neonates based on nurses' perceptions in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Finland.MethodsOf all nurses (N = 422) working in the NICUs in the country's five university hospitals, 294 responded to a questionnaire. The data were analysed by statistical methods.ResultsNurses agreed that pain assessment is important, but over half of them reported being able to assess pain in a reliable way without using pain assessment scales. Physiological parameters and changes in neonate's behaviour were reported as routinely observed, but many specific facial expressions indicative of pain were less often observed. Only a few pain assessment scales were known, and they were not routinely used in clinical practice. Most nurses reported using physical methods and giving oral sucrose along with non‐nutritive sucking. Counselling parents to continue breastfeeding or guiding them to use skin‐to‐skin care or music was rarely reported as used to alleviate infants' pain.ConclusionsEducational interventions for nurses are needed to improve pain assessment and management practices in the NICUs. In addition, there is a need for national guidelines in order to ensure the equal treatment to all neonates.
Experiences of being a family member to an older person with diabetes receiving home care services
Authors: Bendixen Bente E. , Kirkevold Marit , Graue Marit , Haltbakk Johannes 
Published: August 2017

AimTo describe family members' experiences of attending to an old person with diabetes receiving home care services, including their interaction with the formal caregivers.Methods and ResultsThe study has a qualitative descriptive design. From May to August 2015, eight family members were interviewed. Interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. To describe family members' experiences, the following four themes were identified: Security through patients' self‐management skills and diabetes knowledge; Perceived burden due to the old persons' deteriorated health; Security through competent home care services; and Doubt due to personnel's inadequate approach and interaction.ConclusionIt is important for personnel in home care services to consider patients' self‐management skills and the family members' diabetes knowledge as key aspects in order to limit experiences of burden when the older person with diabetes has deteriorating health. The findings underscore that interaction with home care personnel skilled in managing diabetes helps family members feel secure.
Sizing Up the Impact of Embassies on Exports
Authors: Ferguson Shon , Forslid Rikard 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to test for the effects of trade promotion via the foreign service. The theory of trade with heterogeneous firms predicts that unilateral trade promotion allows medium‐sized firms to export. We investigate the effects of trade promotion using firm‐level data and information on the opening and closing of embassies abroad from the very similar neighboring countries Sweden and Norway. We use a difference‐in‐difference specification where firms from Norway are used as a control group for Swedish firms. Our results show that large firms as well as medium‐sized firms respond to the opening of embassies.
Cardiac imaging to detect coronary artery disease in athletes aged 35 years and older. A scoping review
Authors: Braber T. L. , Reitsma J. B. , Mosterd A. , Willemink M. J. , Prakken N. H. J. , Halle M. , Sharma S. , Velthuis B. K. 
Published: August 2017

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a devastating event in athletes. Screening efforts that were first directed at athletes younger than 35 years are now focusing on the rapidly growing group of older sportspersons. Athletes aged ≥35 years have a 10‐fold increased risk of exercise‐related cardiac arrest, mostly due to coronary artery disease (CAD). Although cardiac imaging is pivotal in identifying CAD, the role of imaging modalities in screening asymptomatic older sportspersons remains unclear. We performed a scoping review to identify the role of cardiac imaging to detect CAD in older sportspersons and to identify gaps in the existing literature. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane library for studies reporting data on cardiac imaging of CAD in sportspersons ≥35 years. The systematic search yielded 1737 articles, and 14 were included in this scoping review. Imaging modalities included two echocardiography, one unenhanced computed tomography (CT) for coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS), three CACS and contrast‐enhanced CT angiography (CCTA), two CACS and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), one CCTA with CMR and echocardiography, two CCTA, two CMR, and one myocardial perfusion imaging article. The low number of relevant articles and the selection bias introduced by studying specific groups, like veteran marathon runners, indicate the need for future research. Cardiac CT (CACS and CCTA) probably has the highest potential for pre‐participation screening, with high diagnostic value to detect CAD and low radiation dose. However, currently there is insufficient evidence for incorporating routine cardiac imaging in the pre‐participation screening of asymptomatic sportspersons over 35 years.
Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic outcomes in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for body mass index
Authors: Berntzen B. , Jukarainen S. , Kataja M. , Hakkarainen A. , Lundbom J. , Lundbom N. , Tammelin T. , Simonen R. , Piirilä P. , Rissanen A. , Kaprio J. , Paavonen E. J. , Pietiläinen K. H. 
Published: August 2017

This study aims to investigate (i) how monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs who are discordant for body mass index (BMI) differ for objectively and subjectively measured physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and (ii) associations of PA and VO2max with adiposity and measures of metabolic health, in individual twins and independent of genetic and shared environmental effects within twin pairs. We examined 27 BMI‐discordant and 14 BMI‐concordant MZ twin pairs. Fat and fat‐free mass (ffm) were measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and VO2max by spiroergometry. PA was measured objectively by accelerometers using ActiGraph GT1M for daytime activity and Actiwatch AW7 for 24 h/d. Self‐reported PA was obtained through the Baecke and IPAQ long‐form questionnaires. Objectively measured moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA, min/d), steps/d, and VO2max/kg were significantly lower, by 30%, 21%, and 14%, respectively, in the heavier compared with the leaner co‐twins of the BMI‐discordant twin pairs. There were no significant differences in self‐reported PA or VO2max/ffm. As expected, PA and VO2max/ffm were similar in the BMI‐concordant co‐twins. Furthermore, the 24‐h recording of activity suggested that the heavier co‐twins had more restless sleep during the night, whereas the leaner co‐twins were more active during the day. Within all twin pairs, higher MVPA and steps per day were associated with lower fat percentage and improved metabolic health measures. Objectively, but not subjectively measured PA is associated with lower fat percentage and better metabolic health, independent of genetic and shared environmental factors.
Topical flurbiprofen toxicosis in a cat
Authors: Yi Elizabeth M. , Leech Elizabeth 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation and treatment of a cat with flurbiprofen toxicosis due to topical cream exposure.Case SummaryA 3‐year‐old castrated male domestic shorthair cat presented to an emergency and referral center for acute lethargy, hematemesis, and anemia. Severe azotemia was observed on serum biochemistry panel. The patient's anemia was treated with packed RBC transfusion, and treatment with crystalloid fluids, famotidine, pantoprazole, ampicillin, and sucralfate were begun on presentation. Anemia became intractable and the patient received multiple packed RBC and whole blood transfusions. Severe gastric ulcerations and duodenal perforation were confirmed via gastroduodenoscopy, and the patient was treated with surgical excision and repair of duodenal perforation. Azotemia resolved with IV fluid therapy, and anemia resolved following surgery. The patient recovered and was discharged after 9 days of hospitalization. The patient had likely been exposed to the owner's compounded pain relief cream containing 10% flurbiprofen. There was confirmation of flurbiprofen exposure via acid extraction urine analysis at a university toxicology laboratory.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first described case of flurbiprofen toxicosis due to topical cream exposure in a cat.
HIV-1 Resistance to Dolutegravir Is Affected by Cellular Histone Acetyltransferase Activity
Authors: Anstett Kaitlin , Brenner Bluma , Mesplède Thibault , Wainberg Mark A. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are the newest class of antiretrovirals to be approved for the treatment of HIV infection. Canonical resistance to these competitive inhibitors develops through substitutions in the integrase active site that disrupt drug-protein interactions. However, resistance against the newest integrase inhibitor, dolutegravir (DTG), is associated with an R263K substitution at the C terminus of integrase that causes resistance through an unknown mechanism. The integrase C-terminal domain is involved in many processes over the course of infection and is posttranslationally modified via acetylation of three lysine residues that are important for enzyme activity, integrase multimerization, and protein-protein interactions. Here we report that regulation of the acetylation of integrase is integral to the replication of HIV in the presence of DTG and that the R263K mutation specifically disrupts this regulation, likely due to enhancement of interactions with the histone deacetylase I complex, as suggested by coimmunoprecipitation assays. Although no detectable differences in the levels of cell-free acetylation of the wild-type (WT) and mutated R263K enzymes were observed, the inhibition of cellular histone acetyltransferase enzymes sensitized the NL4.3
WT
virus to DTG, while NL4.3
R263K
was almost completely unaffected. When levels of endogenous acetylation were manipulated in virus-producing cells, inhibitors of acetylation enhanced the replication of NL4.3
R263K
, whereas inhibition of deacetylation greatly diminished the replication of NL4.3
WT
. Taken together, these results point to a pivotal role of acetylation in the resistance mechanism of HIV to some second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors, such as DTG.

IMPORTANCE
This is, to our knowledge, the first report of the influence of posttranslational modifications on HIV drug resistance. Both viral replication and resistance to second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors of both WT and INSTI-resistant HIV strains were differentially affected by acetylation, likely as a result of altered interactions between integrase and the cellular deacetylation machinery. Many “shock and kill” strategies to eradicate HIV manipulate endogenous levels of acetylation in order to reactivate latent HIV. However, our results suggest that some drug-resistant viruses may differentially respond to such stimulation, which may complicate the attainment of this goal. Our future work will further illuminate the mechanisms involved.
MERS-CoV Accessory ORFs Play Key Role for Infection and Pathogenesis
Authors: Menachery Vineet D. , Mitchell Hugh D. , Cockrell Adam S. , Gralinski Lisa E. , Yount Boyd L. , Graham Rachel L. , McAnarney Eileen T. , Douglas Madeline G. , Scobey Trevor , Beall Anne , Dinnon Kenneth , Kocher Jacob F. , Hale Andrew E. , Stratton Kelly G. , Waters Katrina M. , Baric Ralph S. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

While dispensable for viral replication, coronavirus (CoV) accessory open reading frame (ORF) proteins often play critical roles during infection and pathogenesis. Utilizing a previously generated mutant, we demonstrate that the absence of all four Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) accessory ORFs (deletion of ORF3, -4a, -4b, and -5 [dORF3-5]) has major implications for viral replication and pathogenesis. Importantly, attenuation of the dORF3-5 mutant is primarily driven by dysregulated host responses, including disrupted cell processes, augmented interferon (IFN) pathway activation, and robust inflammation.
In vitro
replication attenuation also extends to
in vivo
models, allowing use of dORF3-5 as a live attenuated vaccine platform. Finally, examination of ORF5 implicates a partial role in modulation of NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Together, the results demonstrate the importance of MERS-CoV accessory ORFs for pathogenesis and highlight them as potential targets for surveillance and therapeutic treatments moving forward.

IMPORTANCE
The initial emergence and periodic outbreaks of MERS-CoV highlight a continuing threat posed by zoonotic pathogens to global public health. In these studies, mutant virus generation demonstrates the necessity of accessory ORFs in regard to MERS-CoV infection and pathogenesis. With this in mind, accessory ORF functions can be targeted for both therapeutic and vaccine treatments in response to MERS-CoV and related group 2C coronaviruses. In addition, disruption of accessory ORFs in parallel may offer a rapid response platform to attenuation of future emergent strains based on both SARS- and MERS-CoV accessory ORF mutants.
Diabetes Exacerbates Infection via Hyperinflammation by Signaling through TLR4 and RAGE
Authors: Nielsen Travis B. , Pantapalangkoor Paul , Yan Jun , Luna Brian M. , Dekitani Ken , Bruhn Kevin , Tan Brandon , Junus Justin , Bonomo Robert A. , Schmidt Ann Marie , Everson Michael , Duncanson Frederick , Doherty Terence M. , Lin Lin , Spellberg Brad 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTFor more than a century, diabetic patients have been considered immunosuppressed due to defects in phagocytosis and microbial killing. We confirmed that diabetic mice were hypersusceptible to bacteremia caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), dying at inocula nonlethal to nondiabetic mice. Contrary to the pervasive paradigm that diabetes impedes phagocytic function, the bacterial burden was no greater in diabetic mice despite excess mortality. However, diabetic mice did exhibit dramatically increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in response to GNB infections, and immunosuppressing these cytokines with dexamethasone restored their resistance to infection, both of which are consistent with excess inflammation. Furthermore, disruption of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), which is stimulated by heightened levels of AGEs in diabetic hosts, protected diabetic but not nondiabetic mice from GNB infection. Thus, rather than immunosuppression, diabetes drives lethal hyperinflammation in response to GNB by signaling through RAGE. As such, interventions to improve the outcomes from GNB infections should seek to suppress the immune response in diabetic hosts.IMPORTANCEPhysicians and scientists have subscribed to the dogma that diabetes predisposes the host to worse outcomes from infections because it suppresses the immune system. This understanding was based largely onex vivostudies of blood from patients and animals with diabetes. However, we have found that the opposite is true and worse outcomes from infection are caused by overstimulation of the immune system in response to bacteria. This overreaction occurs by simultaneous ligation of two host receptors: TLR4 and RAGE. Both signal via a common downstream messenger, MyD88, triggering hyperinflammation. In summary, contrary to hundred-year-old postulations about immune suppression in diabetic hosts, we find that diabetes instead predisposes to more severe infections because of additional inflammatory output through dual activation of MyD88 by not only TLR4 but also RAGE. It is the activation of RAGE during GNB infections in those with diabetes that accounts for their heightened susceptibility to infection compared to nondiabetic hosts.
Genome-Wide Mutation Rate Response to pH Change in the Coral Reef Pathogen
Vibrio shilonii
AK1
Authors: Strauss Chloe , Long Hongan , Patterson Caitlyn E. , Te Ronald , Lynch Michael 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Recent application of mutation accumulation techniques combined with whole-genome sequencing (MA/WGS) has greatly promoted studies of spontaneous mutation. However, such explorations have rarely been conducted on marine organisms, and it is unclear how marine habitats have influenced genome stability. This report resolves the mutation rate and spectrum of the coral reef pathogen
Vibrio shilonii
, which causes coral bleaching and endangers the biodiversity maintained by coral reefs. We found that its mutation rate and spectrum are highly similar to those of other studied bacteria from various habitats, despite the saline environment. The mutational properties of this marine bacterium are thus controlled by other general evolutionary forces such as natural selection and genetic drift. We also found that as pH drops, the mutation rate decreases and the mutation spectrum is biased in the direction of generating G/C nucleotides. This implies that evolutionary features of this organism and perhaps other marine microbes might be altered by the increasingly acidic ocean water caused by excess CO
2
emission. Nonetheless, further exploration is needed as the pH range tested in this study was rather narrow and many other possible mutation determinants, such as carbonate increase, are associated with ocean acidification.

IMPORTANCE
This study explored the pH dependence of a bacterial genome-wide mutation rate. We discovered that the genome-wide rates of appearance of most mutation types decrease linearly and that the mutation spectrum is biased in generating more G/C nucleotides with pH drop in the coral reef pathogen
V. shilonii
.