bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STATUS KEBERLANJUTAN PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA IKAN BILIH DI DANAU TOBA (Tinjauan Aspek Ekonomi dan Sosial)
Authors: Sari Yesi Dewita , Koeshendrajana Sonny 
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji status keberlanjutan pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis Bleeker) di Danau Toba dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhikeberlanjutan tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2010 di beberapa tempat sentra pendaratan ikan bilih, antara lain: Kabupaten Simalungun, Kabupaten Toba Samosir, Kabupaten Dairi, Kabupaten Karo dan Kabupaten Samosir. Data yang digunakan terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder, sedangkan analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan Metode RAPFISH. Atribut ekonomi yang digunakan untuk mengetahui status keberlanjutan terdiri dari tingkat keuntungan, kontribusi perikanan terhadap PDRB, penyerapan tenaga kerja, sifat kepemilikan sarana produksi, tingkat subsidi, alternatif pekerjaan dan pendapatan bagi pelaku perikanan dan besarnya jangkauan pemasaran ikan bilih. Atribut sosial terdiri dari pertumbuhan komunitas nelayan, status konflik, tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan lingkungan, banyaknya penyuluhan dan keikutsertaan dalam kelompok. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan bilih di Danau Toba kurang berkelanjutan baik ditinjau dari aspek ekonomi maupun aspek sosial. Indeks keberlanjutan dari aspek ekonomi adalah 46,36% dan keberlanjutan dari aspek sosial adalah 31,27%. Status keberlanjutan dalam kategori kurang ini, mengharuskan adanya campur tangan dari pihak pengelola Danau Toba untuk menerapkan opsi pengelolaan yang dapat menjamin keberlanjutan ikan bilih yang di Danau Toba. Tittle: Sustainability Status of Bilih Fish Exploitation in Toba Lake (Review of Social and Economic Aspects)This study aims to asses sustainability status of the of Bilih Fish resources in the lake Toba and factors affecting the sustainability of this. Research was carried out in 2010 in several conters of Bilih Fish landing place, among others the districts of Simalungun, Toba Samosir, Dairi, Karo and Samosir. Primary and secondary data were used; while analysis was carried out using RAPFISH method. Economic attibute being used to asses sustainability status of the resource were profit, contribution of fisheries to gross domestic product (GDP), employment, nature ownership of production factors, level of subsidy employment and income alternatives and marketing. Social attributes consist of the growth of fishing communities, conflict status, education level, environmental knowledge, number of extention worker and participation in the group. Results show that the utilization of BIlih fish resource in Lake Toba are relatively unsustainable interms of economic and social aspects. Index of economic aspects sustainability in 46,36 % and social aspects sustainability in 31,27%. These indice indicate that the fisheries status was insustainable. This, inturn, needs intervention from Lake Toba mangement authority to manage in such away so that sustainability of Bilih fish are ensure.
Transitions in Prognostic Awareness Among Terminally Ill Cancer Patients in Their Last 6 Months of Life Examined by Multi-State Markov Modeling
Authors: Hsiu Chen Chen , Wen Fur-Hsing , Hou Ming-Mo , Hsieh Chia-Hsun , Chou Wen-Chi , Chen Jen-Shi , Chang Wen-Cheng , Tang Siew Tzuh 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Developing accurate prognostic awareness, a cornerstone of preference-based end-of-life (EOL) care decision-making, is a dynamic process involving more prognostic-awareness states than knowing or not knowing. Understanding the transition probabilities and time spent in each prognostic-awareness state can help clinicians identify trigger points for facilitating transitions toward accurate prognostic awareness. We examined transition probabilities in distinct prognostic-awareness states between consecutive time points in 247 cancer patients’ last 6 months and estimated the time spent in each state.

Methods
Prognostic awareness was categorized into four states: (a) unknown and not wanting to know, state 1; (b) unknown but wanting to know, state 2; (c) inaccurate awareness, state 3; and (d) accurate awareness, state 4. Transitional probabilities were examined by multistate Markov modeling.

Results
Initially, 59.5% of patients had accurate prognostic awareness, whereas the probabilities of being in states 1–3 were 8.1%, 17.4%, and 15.0%, respectively. Patients’ prognostic awareness generally remained unchanged (probabilities of remaining in the same state: 45.5%–92.9%). If prognostic awareness changed, it tended to shift toward higher prognostic-awareness states (probabilities of shifting to state 4 were 23.2%–36.6% for patients initially in states 1–3, followed by probabilities of shifting to state 3 for those in states 1 and 2 [9.8%–10.1%]). Patients were estimated to spend 1.29, 0.42, 0.68, and 3.61 months in states 1–4, respectively, in their last 6 months.

Conclusion
Terminally ill cancer patients’ prognostic awareness generally remained unchanged, with a tendency to become more aware of their prognosis. Health care professionals should facilitate patients’ transitions toward accurate prognostic awareness in a timely manner to promote preference-based EOL decisions.
Existence of Hukuhara Differentiability of Fuzzy-Valued Functions
Authors: Pirzada U. M. , Vakaskar D. C. 
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we discuss existence of Hukuhara differentiability of fuzzy-valued functions. Several examples are worked out to check that fuzzy-valued functions are one time, two times and n-times H-differentiable. We study the effects of fuzzy modelling on existence of Hukuhara differentiability of fuzzy-valued functions. We discuss existence of gH-differentiability and its comparison with H-differentiability.
Odd mean labeling for two star graph
Authors: Sudhakar S. , Francis Silviya , Balaji V. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this paper further result on odd mean labeling is discussed. We prove that the two star G = K
1,m
∧ K
1,n
is an odd mean graph if and only if |m − n| ≤ 3. The condition for a graph to be odd mean is that p ≤ q + 1, where p and q stands for the number of the vertices and edges in the graph respectively.
Permian, Bakken Operators Face Produced Water Challenges
Authors: Whitfield Stephen 
Published: July 2017

With the oil price market slowly recovering in recent months, hydraulic fracturing activity may increase at faster rates than previously expected. However, even with higher oil prices, operators in shale plays still face significant budgetary issues with regards to water management. As demand and usage increase, and saltwater disposal wells (SWDs) fill to capacity, companies looking to stay afloat will have little choice but to find alternative means to store and reuse their produced water.
“Costs will go up, and the industry needs to be prepared,” Piers Wells, chief executive officer of Digital H2O, said. “What this drives us toward is the conclusion that increased water reuse will likely be an operational necessity in a recovering oil price environment.”
This article examines some of the water management issues facing companies in the Permian Basin and the Bakken, two plays with different geologic features but similar needs to handle rising produced water volumes.
Permian Issues
The downturn put stress on operators in the Permian Basin, but despite the financial difficulties hydrocarbon and water production remained at high volumes. Digital H2O, a company that specializes in oilfield water resource forecasts, claimed that this was primarily due to the large number of wells completed between 2012 and 2014. Over the same time period, water intensity has gone up. In a company webinar, Wells said that the amount of water used per well completion has increased, and more water has been generated per well and per horizontal foot of wellbore length.
While completion activity has led to an increase in water intensity in the Permian, the basin’s SWD capacity is facing heavy constraints in key areas. Wells estimated that the average pressure utilization for SWDs was 65% in 2016, with several wells reporting utilization approaching 100%.
Fig. 1 illustrates the average monthly water volume disposed in an SWD compared to the average pressure utilization for SWDs for each county in the Permian Basin. A range of 60% to 80% utilization is considered high, and anything above that is considered full utilization, meaning that the wells in that county cannot accept any additional water for disposal. Wells identified four counties—Gaines, Yoakum, Kent, and Hockley—that are either at high or full utilization, with several other counties nearing the lower bound of the high utilization range.
Systematic Coiled-Tubing-Efficiency Improvement Reduces Operational Time
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: July 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 184779, “Consistent, Systematic Approach to Deepwater Coiled-Tubing-Efficiency Improvement Substantially Reduces Operational Time, Gulf of Mexico,” by Peter Weiland, SPE, Alexander Rudnik, SPE, and Eric Gagen, SPE, Schlumberger, prepared for the 2017 SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing and Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition, Houston, 21–22 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Deepwater coiled-tubing (CT) well interventions can benefit from significant rig-time reduction and cost savings associated with improved efficiencies of surface processes. Efficiency improvement requires a systematic approach and detailed analysis of each part of the process. The efficiency methodology allows for systematic improvement in all areas of CT operations, specifically for surface activities. The total efficiency solution described in this paper requires no additional cost to service providers, and results can be seen immediately.
Deepwater Coiled Tubing
The use of CT for well intervention can provide many downhole solutions throughout the life of a well. Although there is much discussion of the financial and technical aspects of CT in the industry, less conversation is directed toward the efficiency of CT surface processes.
The expansion of analysis, specifically to CT process efficiency both before and after in-hole operations, is necessary for a holistic approach to total efficiency improvement. The stages of CT operation shown in green in Fig. 1 can be identified as five distinct surface activities.
Design Methodology
The first stage of the efficiency solution involved analysis of past performance. Some limited performance data were collected and reviewed, primarily on CT rig up, pressure testing, and transition time between CT and wire services (wireline and slickline).
The underlying strategies of several widely accepted continuous-improvement programs, such as lean principles and the define/measure/analyze/implement/control methodology, were used to provide the link between performance and improvement.
Low-performance areas and areas of recurring nonproductive time (NPT) were addressed through root-cause analysis and remedial-work plans that were focused on specific tasks. Mean-while, high-performance areas were analyzed to document the best practices for efficient operational execution so that efficiency gains could be realized for the duration of the campaign.
Performance is compared with both baseline and previous-operation performance data so that trends and inconsistencies could be identified easily.
Equipment Mobilization/Demobilization and Lifting
The first stage of any CT operation involves mobilizing the required equipment to location. A typical CT spread may require 30 to 45 individual lifts to move equipment from the workboat to the rig. This first process, termed boat work and equipment spotting, is most commonly tracked by total time required to place the entire CT spread on deck.
Coiled Tubing With Real-Time-Measurement Tools Helps Overcome Stimulation Problems
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: July 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 184753, “Overcoming Challenges of Stimulating a Deepwater, Frac-Pack-Completed Well in the Gulf of Mexico Using Coiled Tubing With Real-Time Downhole Measurements,” by Eric J. Gagen, SPE, Schlumberger, Alex D. Menkhaus, Kellogg School of Management, prepared for the 2017 SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing and Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition, Houston, 21–22 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The treatment in a deepwater, frac-packed well with fiber-optic-equipped coiled tubing (CT) and a rotating, hydraulic high-pressure jetting tool achieved successful stimulation of a 500-ft-long frac-packed zone after several previous failures using different techniques. By using CT equipped with fiber optics and downhole measurement tools, engineers were able to perform a data-driven operation based on real-time bottomhole measurements and distributed-temperature surveys. This successful treatment improved productivity by 75% compared to the well before treatment.
Introduction
Diagnostic work indicated that a well had considerable skin and flow impairment. Several acid treatments had been bullheaded into the well since initial completion. The treatments were ineffective, either producing no material results or producing only short-lived improvements with a quick return to original conditions.
Slickline diagnostic work conducted on the well indicated the possible presence of a mechanical obstruction or fish of some sort near the bottom of the lower lobe of a sand package in the well. However, lacking correlated depth measurements, it was unclear whether this obstruction was below the entire producing zone or high enough to obstruct some of the lower screen section.
The formation consists of two lobes of one sand package at an approximate angle of 33°. On the basis of log data and core samples, the permeability of the formation across these lobes was highly variable. On the basis of that variability, it was believed that the most likely scenario was that the upper portion of the lower lobe was the highest-conductivity region of the completion and that the previous acid treatments had mostly been stimulating that portion of the well to the detriment of other areas. It was believed that the more-laminated-looking pay in the upper lobe, in particular, was underperforming.
Several problems had to be overcome to make another stimulation successful:
There was uncertainty about exactly what the production problem was with the well.
Conducting the stimulations would incur high cost.
Excessive interruptions of new well-drilling operations would threaten to put production from new wells behind schedule.
The fracture pressure of the zone was 12,700 psi, but the pore pressure was 12,100 psi, leaving only a small pressure margin to perform an operation at matrix injection rates.
Challenges During Surface-Facility-Project Implementation for a Full-Field Polymer Flood
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: July 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 181615, “Challenges During Execution, Construction, and Operational-Readiness Phase of Surface Facilities in a Full-Field Polymer-Flood Project,” by Santosh Mohanram, Premashis Bhaumik, SPE, and Shagun Jain, SPE, Cairn India, prepared for the 2016 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dubai, 26–28 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
This paper presents key challenges in surface-facilities project implementation during the construction and operational-readiness phase of a project and presents results from full-field implementation. The key areas discussed are operational difference in the available technologies for concentrated-polymer dissolution, transfer of viscous polymer mother solution with minimal viscosity loss, efficacy of the pumping facility with high-viscosity non-Newtonian liquid, and supply-chain strategy.
Introduction
Because of positive responses from an enhanced-oil-recovery pilot, a full-field polymer-flood development plan was implemented in the Mangala field in India. Selecting the right facility design was of paramount importance once the pilot study confirmed the benefits of polymer flood over waterflood. A multilayered pattern drive with 129 injectors in an intense brownfield execution poses immense challenges for facility engineering. Thus, the world’s largest polymer- injection plant was built, primarily by scaling up the pilot.
New Facility
The current facility setup consists of remote well pads with both producing and injection wells connected with the production-fluid and injection-water network.
A central polymer-preparation facility was constructed to prepare the concentrated polymer solution, called the mother solution, at various levels of concentration. The concentrated polymer solution is transferred from the central polymer facility to the well pads through pipeline distribution. Once at the well pads, the concentrated polymer solution is diluted with injection water at a specific ratio and injected into the individual wells.
Key Challenges
Technologies for Concentrated-Polymer Dissolution. The industry has only two standard technologies for dissolving polymer into water—the eductor-type units and slicing/mixing units. Conventional eductors work on the Venturi principle and allow for the mixing of the polymer powder and water up to certain concentrations. Slicing units, on the other hand, reduce the polymer particle size with a cutting head, reducing the polymer particle to a uniform size and allowing for significantly higher polymer concentrations without affecting the polymer molecular weight.
In recent years, the slicing-unit design has become more compact and capable of producing highly concentrated polymer mother solution with less sensitivity to flow variation.
The joint distribution of reference crop evapotranspiration and irrigation water in the irrigation district
Authors: Zhang Jinping , Lin Xiaomin , Zhao Yong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFor the irrigation district, irrigation water is the manual water supply for the farmland while reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) reflects water demand. Thus, the joint distribution of irrigation water and ET0 can reveal water shortage risk under the condition of the manual water supply. In order to understand their relationships and overcome the drawbacks of different marginal distributions of hydrological variables, Archimedean copulas are introduced. Based on the data series of ET0 and irrigation water in the Luhun irrigation district of China, the univariate marginal distributions of ET0 and irrigation water are first selected. Then, with the Gumbel–Hougaard copula in the Archimedean copulas, the joint distribution of ET0 and irrigation water is proposed. The results show that the best-fitting marginal distributions of ET0 and irrigation water are generalized extreme values and normal distributions, respectively, but for their joint distribution, the Gumbel–Hougaard copula is the best-fitting one. The water shortage risks with different encounter situations of ET0 and irrigation water are better revealed using the proposed copula-based joint distribution.
Finite Element Analysis of Square RC Columns Confined by Different Configurations of Transverse Reinforcement
Authors: Zeng Xiang 
Published: July 2017

Introduction:Square reinforced concrete (RC) columns with the confinement effect of transverse reinforcement perform well in ductility and have been used widely in RC structures. Its behavior is the classic topic of anti-seismic and anti-collapse analysis of RC structures. With the advancement of the finite element (FE) analysis technology, the general-purpose simulation tools such as ABAQUS and ANSYS have been universally used to analyze the behavior of structures and members, where the material constitutive model is a key problem in the analysis.Methods:In this study, a new uniaxial compressive stress-strain curve of the confined concrete considering confinement effect of transverse reinforcement in square RC columns was proposed for the concrete damaged plasticity model in ABAQUS to solve the problem that there is no proper uniaxial compressive stress-strain curve for the concrete damaged plasticity model to describe the behavior of concrete confined by transverse reinforcement. Based on the proposed stress-strain relationship, a FE model was developed to analyze the behaviour of laterally confined RC columns under concentric loading.Results:The finite element model is able to predict the response of the confined RC columns from different experiments with reasonable accuracy. Finally, a parametric study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of confinement reinforcement configuration on the behavior of core concrete in square section.
A igreja de farda: batistas e a Ditadura civil-militar
Authors: Dusilek Sérgio Ricardo Gonçalves , Da Silva Clemir Fernandes , Castro Alexandre De Carvalho 
Published: July 2017

Com base em um método qualitativo exploratório-descritivo na modalidade de análise documental, procurou-se analisar, sob o prisma de Erich Auerbach, elementos históricos extraídos principalmente de documentos oficiais da Convenção Batista Brasileira (CBB), que apontam para o envolvimento da Liderança Batista com o golpe militar de 1964. Para tanto, esse trabalho utilizou três principais fontes: a) a primeira, oriunda de extensa e autorizada pesquisa nos documentos oficiais da CBB, especialmente as atas, anais e relatórios do seu Conselho; b) a segunda, vinda do semanário O Jornal Batista; c) por fim, o modelo de interpretação figural de Auerbach aplicado à recente história dos batistas no período do regime militar, especialmente no primeiro e no último quinquênio. Da conexão desses polos quinquenais pelo método de interpretação figural, pode-se notar o preenchimento e a ressignificação de tais períodos, trazendo novas luzes e permitindo afirmar que líderes batistas aderiram ao processo reacionário. Seja na mudança do redator do O Jornal Batista, principal semanário da denominação, seja no estreitamento das relações entre líderes batistas com a alta cúpula militar, ou ainda na obtenção de uma concessão de canal para TV aberta, os batistas patentearam sua fidelidade aos generais. Essa cooptação não deixou de ser paradoxal ao ideal de liberdade que está na gênese do pensamento e da forma de ser batista. Ao apoiar como liderança da CBB a ditadura civil-militar e sua repressão, os batistas traíram um de seus pilares, comutando-a e travestindo-a em uma “liberdade” religiosa.
As mulheres da Reforma na Igreja do norte da Alemanha: um olhar sob a perspectiva de gênero
Authors: Bergesch Karen 
Published: July 2017

O artigo aborda o tema das mulheres da Reforma desde o século XVI até hoje, propondo uma análise de gênero. Para tanto, é apresentado inicialmente o projeto da exposição itinerante organizada pelo Departamento de Mulheres da Igreja do Norte da Alemanha. A exposição define como mulheres da Reforma aquelas que, ao darem o seu testemunho de fé, contribuíram ativamente para a promoção das ideias de uma igreja sempre em Reforma. A compreensão da Reforma como um processo contínuo extende o movimento histórico desde o século XVI até hoje. A segunda parte do artigo apresenta cinco biografiasde mulheres incluídas na exposição em forma de resumo. As biografi as narram histórias de mulheres que deram testemunho de fé de forma inovadora, marcando a história da sua região. A terceira parte do artigo realiza uma análise de gênero a partir das mudanças propostas pelo movimento da Reforma aos papéis do masculino e do feminino na sociedade no século XVI. Também são incluídas na análise as situações trazidas pelas biografias, que descrevem enfrentamentos pela liderança de comunidades e no trabalho social, bem como conquistas.