bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Treatment and Adherence During Hospitalization in Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Lyrakos G. , Tetorou G. , Sittas D. , Dimitriou A. , Ypofanti M. , Spinaris V. , Spyropoulos I. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundTreatment adherence has a vital role in the patient's health outcome as poor adherence rates can reduce, even diminish, the effectiveness of the treatment as well as lead to a waste of the health care system's valuable resources. Previous research has shown that perceptions of treatment strongly affect adherence in psychiatric patients.AimTo investigate how the perceptions of treatment affect adherence during hospitalization in psychiatric patients.MethodFifty psychiatric patients participated in this research, 21 (42%) males and 29 (58%) females. Out of them, 25 (50%) had been diagnosed with depression, 15 (30%) with psychosis, 6 (12%) with psychosis and depressive symptomatology and 4 (8%) with bipolar disorder.ResultsThe findings showed a significant effect of psychotherapy on treatment adherence (χ2 = 4.915, P = 0.027), with 7 out of 11 patients who undertook psychotherapy reporting good adherence rates compared to 12 out of 39 patients who did not. Gender had a significant effect on adherence (χ2 = 5.96, P = 0.05), with females reporting better adherence compared to males. Perception of treatment did not correlate significantly with adherence (χ2 = 0.439, P > 0.05) and neither did education (χ2 = 2.22, P > 0.05). Also, neither age (F(2,47) = 1.535, P > 0.05) nor hospitalization time (F(2,47) = 1.131, P > 0.05) correlated significantly with adherence to treatment.ConclusionEven though there was no significant correlation between perceptions of treatment and adherence, psychotherapy seems to improve adherence to therapy during hospitalization and is also correlated with positive perceptions of treatment, something which will be valuable for the patient even after the hospitalization.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Correlation of vitamin D to attention deficit hyperactivty disorder
Authors: Abouzed M. , Moshref A. , Elsherbiny A. , Elsheikh M. 
Published: May 2016

ADHD is one of the most common neurodevlopmental psychiatric disorders. Many factors have been identified as the cause of ADHD. ADHD is thought to be the result of interactions between biopsychosocial factors leading to neurobiliogcal change. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum level of vitamin D and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).DesignThis is a case-control study which was conducted in children below 12 years of age from June 2013 to May 2014 at outpatient child psychiatry clinic at Elhussin Hospital Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Methods and subjectsThe study was based on 62 cases and 30 controls. The data collection instrument included socio-demographic & Children Attention and Adjustment Survey (House form){CAAS}. And interview by (Diagnostic Interview Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) to exclude other psychiatric morbidity. clinical data, serum 25(OH) Vitamin D. Descriptive statistical analysis were performed, Pearson Chi2 test (χ2) and Student (t) test.Result1-Vitamin D level was much lower in ADHD children compared to healthy children, and was a significant difference in the mean values of vitamin D between ADHD(23 ± 13) and control group means (44 ± 12) and P value was > 0.001 and was significant difference between subgroup of ADHD, means of inattentive subtype was(20 ± 13) hyper active subtype (30.1 ± 5)and combined subtype(24.04 ± 4). P value 0.011*.ConclusionChildren with ADHD had significantly lower levels of VITAMIN D than healthy, and inattention subtype than other types of ADHD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mental Illness and Sexual Disease Transmission. A Case Report
Authors: Calvo I. Peñuelas , Llewellyn-Jones J. Sevilla , Sareen A. , Cervesi C. , Moreno A. Gonzalez 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPublished rates of HIV infection among psychiatric patients are 3.1% to 23.9%, at least eight times higher than general population. (Nebhinan et al., 2013)AimsDefects in judgment and insight in patients with psychosis is often associated with lot of anger and impulsiveness, risky behavior and lower treatment adherence. This often led to worsening of clinical status and prognosis. (Uruchurtu, 2013)MethodsA 31-year-old man diagnosed with schizophrenia and HIV four years ago. At the beginning of last year, the patient was hospitalized in the Acute Psychiatry Hospital Unit because of decompensation. Two years after diagnosis of HIV, he stopped taking his medications and was arrested several times because misdemeanours. Furthermore, patient was highly sexually active in the form of unprotected sex with multiple partners, as he had no concept of his disease. In addition to this, he made a delusional interpretation about HIV (known as VIH in Spanish) as Immortal human life (Vida Immortal Humana). He was admitted in the hospital for a month and was treated with medications and psychotherapy, which led to good stabilization, and he gained insight of both of his illnesses. At the moment, one year after this episode, the patient is stable, taking both medications regularly and followed up by his psychiatrist in the Mental Health team.ConclusionIt is of extreme importance that psychotic patients with HIV receive a good follow-up during life, as decompensation can affect the patients’ health and health of others, with the implicit consequences that it carries. (Uruchurtu, 2013)Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Factors Related to Disability Pensions – A Cross-Sectional Analysis From A University Hospital In Istanbul
Authors: Sönmez E. , Tunca D. , Akvardar Y. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMental disorders are one of the leading reasons for disability-related retirement and payment of associated long-term benefits in many countries.ObjectivesTo explore the characteristics of psychiatric outpatients who apply for disability pensions and to investigate the factors associated with making an application.MethodsA four-month cross-sectional evaluation of disability pension and retirement applications to the psychiatry outpatient clinic in a university hospital in Istanbul.ResultsThe majority of 144 patients were male (n = 102, 70.8%), based in Istanbul, married, living with their families and had no occupation at the time of inquiry. Excluding applications for individuals with a diagnosis of intellectual disability (n = 44), most applicants were primary school graduates (n = 31, 32.3%). For the whole group, the median age of application was 34. 60%, (n = 87) had an established psychiatric diagnosis before the application, with average duration since diagnosis of approximately 8 years. The most frequent diagnoses were intellectual disability, followed by schizophrenia and depression. More than half of the patients were treated only outpatiently, with no hospitalization (n = 55, 58%). Thirty-two of them (22.4%) had a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis and 58 (40.3%) had at least one comorbid medical diagnosis.ConclusionsThere are some similarities between our findings and findings from other countries, such as low educational level and frequent comorbid somatic diseases among patients applying for disability pension. In contrast with the literature and as an indicator of social inequality, most patients applied for disability pension were male. The results are reflecting the specificities of different health systems and cultural perceptions of disability.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mental Health Systems Development in UAE
Authors: Haque A. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThis paper examines the historical development of mental health services in the UAE including formation of federal laws associated with mental health and ministerial decrees. It also discusses cultural considerations in mental health practice in a society that is highly pluralistic and populated mainly by foreigners. The sharia aspects of mental health are also addressed.AimsThe aims of the paper are to familiarize readers in above areas and encourage further work in the area of mental health in UAE.MethodsThe research is based on literature review.ResultsAll federal laws and ministerial decrees are listed and local cultural considerations and sharia laws discussed, as they are unique to his country and region.ConclusionAlthough mental health is traditionally neglected in this country it is developing very fast and it is essential to keep track of and encourage such growth for the benefit of consumers and mental health professionals.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sociocultural Factors in Mental Illness: Biopsychosocial Model
Authors: Rodríguez Vargas S. , Navarro Clemente M.J. , Ivorra Mayoral A.R. 
Published: May 2016

Every human being needs to acquire by interacting with peers, learning and gradually adapted to their socio-cultural environment, attitudes, group, class, gender, provided it fits the circumstances of the environment, personal values to their They come again, a reference system which is considered to be “culture”. You cannot assess psychiatric disorders in isolation, so it is essential to study the socio-cultural context in which it occurs. It is dynamic, its historic time and not everyone integrates alike. Through a case we try to show how culture influences the expression of psychiatric pathology. Specifically, in this patient it is evident that we are beings bio-psycho-social. It is a continuation and must integrate these three areas when assessing a patient. Here we start with a family history unrelated to the Mental Health so that adherence to antipsychotic treatment is guaranteed with monthly administration depot preparation. These socio-cultural factors are the main trigger for the breakdown of the subject that cause the patient psicotización (exacerbations related to stressful situations).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Neuroimaging Biomarker of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Ichikawa N. , Okamoto Y. , Okada G. , Lisi G. , Yahata N. , Morimoto J. , Kawato M. , Matsuo K. , Yamagata H. , Watanabe Y. , Yamawaki S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionRecent studies have shown that it is important to understand the brain mechanism specifically by focusing on the common and unique functional connectivity in each disorder including depression.ObjectivesTo specify the biomarker of major depressive disorder (MDD), we applied the sparse machine learning algorithm to classify several types of affective disorders using the resting state fMRI data collected in multiple sites, and this study shows the results of depression as a part of those results.AimsThe aim of this study is to understand some specific pattern of functional connectivity in MDD, which would support diagnosis of depression and development of focused and personalized treatments in the future.MethodsThe neuroimaging data from patients with major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 100) and healthy control adults (HC: n = 100) from multiple sites were used for the training dataset. A completely separate dataset (n = 16) was kept aside for testing. After all preprocessing of fMRI data, based on one hundred and forty anatomical region of interests (ROIs), 9730 functional connectivities during resting states were prepared as the input of the sparse machine-learning algorithm.ResultsAs results, 20 functional connectivities were selected with the classification performance of Accuracy: 83.0% (Sensitivity: 81.0%, Specificity: 85.0%). The test data, which was completely separate from the training data, showed the performance accuracy of 83.3%.ConclusionsThe selected functional connectivities based on the sparse machine learning algorithm included the brain regions which have been associated with depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
From Obsessivity to Bipolarity and Vice Versa. A Literature Review
Authors: Cano Ruiz P. , Cañas Fraile S. , Gómez Peinado A. , Sanmartin Salinas P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe prevalence of obsessive symptoms in bipolar patients is currently under discussion. Last years, different cases of antidepressant-induced mania and hypomania in patients with OCD have been described.Several authors have reported that patients with OCD and bipolar disorder have more depressive episodes than patients with only OCD.ObjectiveTo know the relationship between OCD and other bipolar spectrum disorders.MethodBibliographical review on comorbidity between obsessive symptoms and bipolarity.ResultsSome longitudinal analysis have shown that patients firstly diagnosed with OCD have an increased risk for subsequent diagnosis of all other conditions, especially for bipolar and schizoaffective disorder, for those whose risk is of up to 13 times higher. The handling of a patient with bipolar disorder and OCD implies some difficulty, because of the main treatment of anxiety disorders, the antidepressants, alters the course of manic-depressive illness, accelerating cycles.ConclusionsOCD is etiologically related to bipolar spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. Therefore, it is necessary to continue the investigation of possible involved genes and approaches for clinical practice.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Freitas C. , Ferreira M.C. , Correia T. , Portinha I. , Correia Z. 
Published: May 2016

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe mental illness that causes significant stress in children and adolescents. It is possible to infer three distinct etiologies – neurobiology, environment and dysfunctional interpretative patterns. Certain characteristics are attributable to OCD with onset in childhood or adolescence as higher prevalence in males, increased frequency of isolated compulsions (more cleaning, repeating and checking), higher rate of aggressive obsessions and more common accumulation behaviors. There are several psychiatric comorbidities associated with OCD like anxiety disorder and major depression. The first-line treatment in OCD is the association of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and individual psychotherapy.The authors reviewed the clinical records of patients diagnosed with OCD observed in a child and adolescence psychiatry liaison consultation between April and September 2015, inclusive, aiming to characterize the sample, to describe the typical clinical picture and to evaluate the existence of physical and/or psychiatric comorbidities, comparing the results with those expected in literature.The typical patient profile found was a 12-year-old male, living with relatives, with no neonatal complications, with stable home environment, without family psychiatric history, with associated medical comorbidities, with age of onset symptoms at 10.5 years-old, with only an obsession (contamination), with only a compulsion (cleaning or checking), with psychiatric comorbidities, treated with SSRI and without psychologyaccompaniment.There are some limitations that must be taken into account because the sample was taken from a liaison psychiatry consultation, but in general terms, the results were similar to those described in the literature.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Disorganized attachment and psychological symptoms in children with somatic symptoms disorders
Authors: Bizzi F. , Charpentier Mora S. , Cavanna D. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSomatic symptoms disorders (SSD) are one of the most neglected areas in child and adolescent psychiatry (Mohapatra et al., 2014). SSD are characterized by multiple and variable physical symptoms without demonstrable pathophysiological processes. Literature has investigated the role of several psychological variables in SSD, with inconclusive data. Moreover, there is a paucity of studies on middle-childhood and early adolescence in this clinical condition.ObjectivesWe focus on the role of attachment and on psychological aspects in children with SSD.AimsThe aims are to verify the presence of:– an overrepresentation of attachment disorganization in these children;– an overrepresentation of psychological symptoms.MethodsFifty-six consecutive Italian patients with SSD, aged from 8 to 15, were administered Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991) and Child Attachment Interview (Shmueli-Goetz et al., 2000).ResultsFindings showed:– a significant presence of disorganized attachment with respect to both parents;– high levels of anxiety and depression.ConclusionThis study extended previous research in middle-childhood and early adolescence in SSD. The findings support the influence of the disorganization aspects and the psychological problems surrounding the SSD. The clinical implications for future research directions are discussed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
What do we share during a meal? Exploratory study of shared stories in ADHD children
Authors: Boulard A. , Leclercq C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMany research focus on the study of language in ADHD children. However, the discourse is beyond the language and provides access to child representations of the world, to its own history. The aim of our study was to compare and analyze the self-narratives during a family meal.MethodSpeeches of 5 children (6–10 years) were recorded, analyzed and then compared to a strictly matched control group. Once transcribed, the data were morphosyntactically annotated and processed using multivariate exploratory techniques. A thematic analysis was also realized to understand how ADHD children moved from one conversation topic to another.ResultsOur first results showed that ADHD children have more difficulty in producing self-narratives while they are doing something else (eat). Moments of sharing common stories are less frequent compared to the control group. The transition from one topic to another is made by direct associations (e.g. the child talks about what he is eating, and this leads him to think about the next day's dinner). The construction of the self-narratives is poorer compared to the control group, both in content and in length of utterances.ConclusionInterestingly, concerning ADHD children, it appears:– That these self-narratives exist;– but also that they are poorer;– that they allow, less frequently than in the control group, projections into the future or recollection of past events.If ADHD children cannot access to these moments, special attention should be paid to this sharing of family history outside of daily activities.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A New Look at Personality Disorders Treatments
Authors: Neves S. , Tudela J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMental illness develops and is inseparable from the sociocultural context. The Disturbances may exhibit different symptoms in different cultures. In personality disorders, there is a pathological expansion of normal traits that often demonstrate a sociocultural change. The quality of life of these patients can improve with certain treatments, which appears to be relevant to be achieved.MethodSearch on Pubmed and Medline for original research or review articles published in English or Portuguese in the last 10 years. It used a combination of terms: “personality”, “treatment”, “personality disorder”, “borderline”, “antissocial”, “pharmacotherapy”, and other named personality disorders.Objectives/AimSearch the evidence base and the new perspectives for the effective treatment of personality disorders.ResultsThe same personality traits may be adaptive or non-adaptive in different contexts. So, without changing these characteristics, patients can learn to use them more effectively. In other words, although the therapy did not change the personality traits, it can be modified in the way they affect the behavioral expression.ConclusionsPsychological or psychosocial intervention is recommended as the primary treatment for borderline personality disorder and pharmacotherapy is only advised as an adjunctive treatment. The amount of research about the underlying, abnormal, psychological or biological processes leading to the manifestation of a disordered personality is increasing, which could lead to more effective interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Family and Professional Functioning in Patients With Personality Disorders
Authors: Zioła A. , Wypiór M. , Sobieraj A. , Krysta K. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPersonality disorders (PD) are weight group of conditions. As possible causes of PD, literatures indicates being victim/witness of domestic violent. There is valid suspicion that PDs may have influence on marital status, education level and professional activity.ObjectiveStudying the PD influence on patients quality of life concerning both personal and professional areas of life.AimAnalysis of the exposition to the violence in relation to PD diagnosis. Evaluation of the education level and professional activity in studied group, furthermore marital status.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 123 patients diagnosed with PD hospitalized over the years 2012-2015 in the Department of psychiatry and psychotherapy, medical university of Silesia hospital. Statistic analysis of variables and comparing with previous researches.ResultsThree quarters of hospitalized patients were females.Average age was about 50 years old.Proximal martial status: 40% single, 60% formalized relationship (about 20% were divorced).Among participants, 50% were employed, and 80% have completed at least 12 years of education.About 40% had been victim/witness of domestic violence.ConclusionsThe patients with PD had often experienced the domestic violence in childhood. Higher risk of impaired personality development with patients, who had been violence victim or witness is possible and they need to be advised accordingly. Research did not reveal PDs’ influence on the education level. To define correlation between employment or marital status and PD further researches are needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Phenomenology of ADHD
Authors: Sanahuja C. , Suarez A. , Fernandez C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPhenomenology is a term borrowed from philosophy which refers to the study of the structures of experience and consciousness. Founded as a school by Edmund Husserl in the early 20th century, it was later expanded and modified by many others, including Martin Heidegger, to include the analysis of existence and hermeneutics.Objectives and aimsTo explain the clinic phenomenology of ADHD based on the historical bibliography regarding this term, making references to the heterogeneity of its phenomenological presentation depending on social context, age and gender.MethodsTo go over the historical considerations of phenomenology and its evolution, as well as its clinical applications, in order to use this knowledge in a clinical context based on the observation of different cases in clinical practice.ResultsWe try to apply the phenomenological method as first inaugurated by Karl Jaspers’ General Psychopathology (1913) to analyse the different clinical phenomena that can be observed in patients diagnosed with ADHD.ConclusionsWe think that watching the psychiatric conditions, in this case ADHD, through the phenomenological lens can lead to a better understanding of the heterogeneity of their appearance in the clinical practice.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.