bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapieoptionen bei angeborenen Stoffwechselstörungen
Authors: Zöggeler Thomas , Höller Alexander , Margreitter Julian , Bachmann Magdalena , Schönlaub Anna Katharina , Jörg-Streller Monika , Karall Daniela , Scholl-Bürgi Sabine 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungMehr als 1450 angeborene Stoffwechselstörungen sind bekannt. Von ihnen stellen genetisch determinierte Enzymdefekte in Diagnostik und Therapie oft eine große Herausforderung dar. Die Diagnostik erfolgt auf 3 Ebenen: biochemisch, enzymatisch und genetisch. Ebenso setzen verfügbare Therapieoptionen an diesen 3 Ebenen an: auf der biochemischen (Substrat‑)Ebene in Form einer Modifikation der Substrate (meist als Ernährungstherapie, „Diät“), der Enzymebene mit Ersatz oder Stabilisierung der defekten Enzyme und der Genebene als Genersatztherapie aktuell in Form einer Organ- oder Stammzelltransplantation, in Zukunft auch z. B. auf Vektoren basierend. Circa 20 % der angeborenen Stoffwechselstörungen können in irgendeiner Form mit einer Ernährungstherapie behandelt werden. Ziel der Ernährungstherapie ist, die Stoffwechselstörung nicht zur Stoffwechselkrankheit werden zu lassen. Ebenso ist es Ziel, eine Enzym- bzw. Gentherapie rechtzeitig zu beginnen, um irreversible Schäden zu vermeiden.
Effect of cenospheres on the proprieties of plain concrete exposed to elevated temperature
Authors: Gabriela Rutkowska , Paweł Ogrodnik , Aleksandra Powęzka , Mariusz Żółtowski , Filip Chyliński , Karolina Kaszewska 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe main objective of the study was to determine the effect of the use of cenospheres for C30/37 class concretes used in construction and road construction. As part of the research, four concrete mixtures were designed: three with the addition of cenospheres and one reference mixture, without the additive. In the three modified mixtures, 20, 40 and 60% of fine aggregate were replaced by cenospheres, respectively. Selected features of the mixtures were determined—consistency and density, as well as the strength properties of concrete. Strength tests were carried out after 28 and 56 days of maturation. Experimental tests of concrete after initial thermal treatment were also carried out at three selected temperatures: 300, 500 and 700 °C, with loading times ranging from 60 to 180 min. These times were selected in such a way that the samples could be heated in their entire volume. A separate group of experimental studies was microstructure studies, the aim of which was to assess the changes occurring in concrete under the influence of high temperatures and to try to justify why CS-I concrete containing cenospheres in the amount of 20% of concrete subjected to annealing at 300 °C has a higher compressive strength than the corresponding reference concrete. The negative influence of cenospheres on the strength of concrete after initial thermal treatment was unequivocally demonstrated. An increase in the amount of cenospheres causes a decrease in compressive strength. A similar negative relationship was also demonstrated in the case of non-heat-treated samples.
Graphical Abstract
Classifying the content of online notepad services using active learning
Authors: Al-Nabki Mhd Wesam , Fidalgo Eduardo , Alegre Enrique , Delany Sarah Jane , Jáñez-Martino Francisco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPastebin is an online notepad service to share text anonymously. However, it could be misused to propagate suspicious or even illegal activities, like leaking sensitive information or sharing hyperlinks to child sexual abuse material. Due to the high rate of daily upload pastes, manual inspection of this material is not feasible. Conversely, an automatic classifier could identify such activities with little or no human intervention. However, a supervised model may require a significant number of training samples and have to handle distinct text typologies presented in Pastebin. This paper presents a classification approach composed of three cascading supervised classifiers that use Active Learning to select and label the most informative samples from Pastebin. The modularity of the proposed design allows each classifier to adapt to a specific text typology. The first classifier determines whether the text is a code snippet, and the second is to identify whether it is readable. The third classification level is twofold: (i) a binary classifier to say whether the text is suspicious and (ii) a multiclass classifier with seven predefined categories of possibly illegal activities. The average class recall of the binary and multiclass classifiers is $$95.24\%$$

95.24
%

and $$80.33\%$$

80.33
%

, respectively. Additionally, this paper presents a dataset of 3.8 million Pastebin samples, called onlIne Notepad Services PastEbin aCtiviTies (INSPECT-3.8M), along with their labels using our classification framework. Our classifier recognised that $$7.54\%$$

7.54
%

of the collected samples are correlated with presumably criminal activities. Law enforcement agencies may benefit from the insights shared in our research when aiming to investigate or automate the monitoring of Pastebin or other Online Notepad Services. This would allow responsible authorities to block illegal content before it spreads to the public.
A novel approach for the treatment of AML, through GHRH antagonism: MIA-602
Authors: Costoya Joel , Gaumond Simonetta I. , Chale Ravinder S. , Schally Andrew V. , Jimenez Joaquin J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most aggressive and prevalent form of leukemia in adults. The gold-standard intervention revolves around the use of chemotherapy, and in some cases hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Drug resistance is a frequent complication resulting from treatment, as it stands there are limited clinical measures available for refractory AML besides palliative care. The goal of this review is to renew interest in a novel targeted hormone therapy in the treatment of AML utilizing growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) antagonism, given it may provide a potential solution for current barriers to achieving complete remission post-therapy. Recapitulating pre-clinical evidence, GHRH antagonists (GHRH-Ant) have significant anti-cancer activity across experimental human AML cell lines in vitro and in vivo and demonstrate significant inhibition of cancer in drug resistant analogs of leukemic cell lines as well. GHRH-Ant act in manners that are orthogonal to anthracyclines and when administered in combination synergize to produce a more potent anti-neoplastic effect. Considering the adversities associated with standard AML therapies and the developing issue of drug resistance, MIA-602 represents a novel approach worth further investigation.
Elevated Urinary Levels of Fungal and Environmental Toxins in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rodriguez Vanessa I. , Mammadova Jamila , Permuth Jennifer B. , Luthra Anjuli , Pena Luis , Friedman Mark , Dam Aamir , Cappelle Saraswathi , Malafa Mokenge P. , Hallmon Candice , Miranda Cassandra , Mok Shaffer R.S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) include tobacco/alcohol abuse, genetic predisposition, insulin resistance, and pancreatic cysts. Despite these well-established risk factors and the screening of high-risk individuals, some people still develop PDAC. This study aims to explore a potential risk factor for PDAC by investigating the association between fungal toxins (FT) and environmental toxins (ET) and the disease. We predicted that individuals with PDAC would have higher levels of these toxins compared to healthy controls. The rationale behind this hypothesis is that exposure to FT and ET might contribute to the development of PDAC by elevating cancer risk.

Methods
A pilot retrospective cohort study was conducted at Moffitt Cancer Center from 2022 to 2023. This study compared FT and ET levels, demographic data, and PDAC features between subjects with PDAC and healthy controls.

Results
Forty subjects were enrolled in the study, comprising 20 with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and 20 healthy controls. Baseline demographics were similar between the two groups. Among the PDAC subjects, the most common tumor location was the head of the pancreas (55%); 30% had locally advanced disease, 45% were borderline resectable, and 10% had metastatic disease.
Compared to the controls, subjects with PDAC had significantly higher levels of fungal toxins (FTs) including ochratoxin, gliotoxin, and citrinin (p < 0.05). Additionally, PDAC patients had significantly elevated levels of environmental toxins (ETs) such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), xylene, styrene, acrylonitrile, perchlorate, diphenyl phosphate, bromopropane, organophosphates, acrolein, tiglylglycine, and diethylphosphate (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that subjects with PDAC, without other risk factors, have higher FT and ET levels than controls. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether ET and FT exposure can be clinically utilized as a risk factor for PDAC development.
Gene expression of kynurenine pathway enzymes in depression and following electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Ryan Karen M. , Corrigan Myles , Murphy Therese M. , McLoughlin Declan M. , Harkin Andrew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate changes in mRNA expression of the kynurenine pathway (KP) enzymes tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase (TDO), indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 and 2 (IDO1, IDO2), kynurenine aminotransferase 1 and 2 (KAT1, KAT2), kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) and kynureninase (KYNU) in medicated patients with depression (n = 74) compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 55) and in patients with depression after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Associations with mood score (24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAM-D24), plasma KP metabolites and selected glucocorticoid and inflammatory immune markers known to regulate KP enzyme expression were also explored.

Methods:
HAM-D24 was used to evaluate depression severity. Whole blood mRNA expression was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
KAT1, KYNU and IDO2 were significantly reduced in patient samples compared to control samples, though results did not survive statistical adjustment for covariates or multiple comparisons. ECT did not alter KP enzyme mRNA expression. Changes in IDO1 and KMO and change in HAM-D24 score post-ECT were negatively correlated in subgroups of patients with unipolar depression (IDO1 only), psychotic depression and ECT responders and remitters. Further exploratory correlative analyses revealed altered association patterns between KP enzyme expression, KP metabolites, NR3C1 and IL-6 in depressed patients pre- and post-ECT.

Conclusion:
Further studies are warranted to determine if KP measures have sufficient sensitivity, specificity and predictive value to be integrated into stress and immune associated biomarker panels to aid patient stratification at diagnosis and in predicting treatment response to antidepressant therapy.
A non-destructive approach in proximal sensing to assess the performance distribution of SPAD prediction models using hyperspectral analysis in apricot trees
Authors: Riefolo Carmela , D’Andrea Laura 
Published: October 2024

Summary
SPAD combined with hyperspectral sensors can be an alternative approach to traditional laboratory methods for determining the physiological status of trees. The aim of this work was to assess whether the effectiveness of SPAD predictive models using hyperspectral data might be influenced by where the measurements were carried out. Leaves of apricot trees of two varieties (Farbaly and Farlis) were analysed with SPAD and spectroradiometer, and the data were organized in two different ways: (i) overall dataset (OD), collecting total measurements of trees in each variety; (ii) subset of overall datasets (SOD), collecting the measurements performed on the cardinal points of trees in each variety. Prediction models were built using as regressors: (i) spectral data transformed with Continuum Removal (CR) methodology (CR indices); (ii) vegetation indices (VI) linked to chlorophyll and nitrogen content; (iii) reflectance values associated with chlorophyll content and to wavelengths ranges where (CR) methodology was applied; (iv) reflectance values of full spectrum. The best performances belonged to models using wider ranges of spectrum both in ODs and in SODs. The north cardinal point showed prediction models with the best performances in both varieties. No VI and CR indices showed reliable models. All the reliable prediction models were associated with compounds involved in physiological state and metabolism of leaves in apricot tree.
Napoleon, the Last Émigrés, and the Limits of Amnesty
Authors: Carapella Timothy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Even as emperor, Napoleon was concerned with the émigrés. Although his general amnesty for the émigrés, which was promulgated on 26 April 1802, permitted most of the émigrés still inscribed on the ‘general list’ to return to France, it also excluded those belonging to six compromised categories. The number of these exceptions was not to exceed 1,000, the decree stipulating that the first 500 should be named within four months. As it turns out, it actually took the Ministry of Police more than two years to prepare a draft list of exceptions, which ran to more than 800 names. But it was not until 1807 that the first official list of émigrés (la première liste de maintenue) was finally decreed. Surprisingly, that list contained only 171 names. A second list released in 1810 added only 29 more. Examining these much-reduced lists, which have been almost entirely ignored, throws useful light on Napoleon’s continuing worries about the émigrés after 1804. For even then, he saw the Bourbons and the last émigrés as his personal enemies, threats to the security of the Empire, and possibly even reminders of what he saw as his fragile political legitimacy.
An ambivalent approach to disability in older age: evidence from reporting by states parties under the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Leahy Ann 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Issues of ‘disability’ and ‘ageing’ are usually approached separately in theorising, activism and policy making. Yet people with disabilities age and many people will experience disability if they live long enough. Human rights approaches to disability enshrined in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) are not often applied to older people experiencing disability. This article presents findings of a systematic qualitative analysis of reports made by 28 European states to the UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the independent body that monitors CRPD implementation, focusing particularly on Article 19 CRPD (‘Living independently and being included in the community’). While states’ reports refer to older people or ageing in different contexts, their approach can be characterised as ambivalent. Reports tend to constitute older people experiencing disability as ‘older’ rather than ‘disabled’; they do not demonstrate a thorough engagement with disability experienced in older age, and display a limited focus on people ageing with lifelong disability. Several reports detail exclusions of ‘older people’ from disability supports to live in the community and some exclude impairments associated with ageing from definitions of what ‘disability’ is. The reports provide almost no evidence of consultation with organisations working on ageing. The article concludes that while the CRPD’s potential to contribute to realising rights for older people with disabilities is under-recognised among scholars and non-governmental organisations, the fact that states refer to older people in their reporting under the CRPD provides a starting point for more engagement.
Cost and resource comparison analysis for THA in Switzerland and Austria
Authors: Blümel Stefan , Hanauer Matthieu , Heimann Alexander , Tannast Moritz , Schwab Joseph M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an orthopedic intervention that generates substantial costs to national healthcare systems due to the number of interventions and the cost per intervention. We performed a cost comparison analysis in Austria and Switzerland.

Methods
Data from the national joint arthroplasty register in Switzerland and internal information from the national healthcare services in Austria and Switzerland were compared for patient demographics, interventional characteristics, and costs adjusted for inflation and purchasing power from 2015 to 2021.

Results
The average age for primary THA in Austria was from 67.4 to 67.8 years with 55.9–57.2 percent female patients and from 68.5 to 69.3 years with 52.4–53.8 percent female patients in Switzerland. The annual incidence rate for primary THA rose from 210.28/100k to 216.6/100k in Austria and from 212/100k to 250/100k in Switzerland. After correction for inflation, costs were −1.91 percent lower in Austria in 2021 than in 2015 and −2.57 percent lower in Switzerland. After correction for purchasing power, costs were higher in Austria. The average hospital stay after THA in Austria was reduced by 20 percent (11.7 days/2015 vs. 9.4 days/2021) and 25 percent in Switzerland (8.4 days/2015 vs. 6.4 days/2021). Revision rate was 2.5–3.2 percent in Austria and 2.8–3.2 percent in Switzerland.

Conclusions
The patient population was comparable while patients undergoing primary THA in Austria stay longer in hospital and have relatively higher costs when adjusted for currency, purchasing power, and inflation. The use of standardized registers would be helpful to compare outcomes and costs.
Value Chains and Environmental Impact Assessments: Lessons from Two French Legal Cases on Bioenergy Facilities
Authors: Lasselin Clément , Barot Sébastien , Barberousse Anouk 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The scope of environmental impact assessments (EIAs) has traditionally been limited to on-site effects. This approach faces limitations when dealing with intricate value chains. Particularly for projects involving biomass-to-energy facilities, the primary environmental impacts often originate from off-site biomass production. This article considers the resulting limitations of EIAs by using two legal disputes in France as illustrative examples. In the Gardanne and the La Mède cases, French Administrative Courts sought to establish the necessity for project proponents to incorporate supply-related impacts into the EIA process. Strategies aimed at broadening the scope of EIAs, either by expanding the assessed project boundaries or by invoking the concept of cumulative impacts, were not deemed the most relevant approaches. Instead, the concept of ‘indirect impact’ emerged as a valuable tool for incorporating supply-related impacts. However, to prevent the indirect impact concept from being disregarded as too ambiguous or ineffective, it should be complemented by precise criteria to determine whether an impact may be considered indirect. We study these avenues within the broader evolving landscape of EIA laws, and by exploring ways to harmonize EIAs with other regulatory instruments governing value chains.
Snap bean tolerance to preemergence applications of dimethenamid-P, flumioxazin, lactofen, metribuzin, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone
Authors: Khan Muhammad J. , Hausman Nicholas E. , Saballos Ana , Landau Christopher A. , Williams Martin M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Amaranthus species are problematic weeds in snap bean production systems. They reduce crop yields, and their stem fragments contaminate harvested pods. Knowledge of snap bean tolerance to different preemergence herbicides is limited; however, knowing this tolerance is essential for planning a reliable weed management system, breeding herbicide-tolerant cultivars, and registering herbicides for use on minor crops such as snap bean. Field trials were conducted in 2021 and 2022 to determine the tolerance of eight snap bean cultivars to preemergence herbicides with activity on Amaranthus species, including dimethenamid-P, flumioxazin, lactofen, metribuzin, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone. Snap bean plant density (number of plants per square meter), plant biomass (grams per plant), and canopy biomass (grams per square meter) 21 d after treatment were used to assess crop tolerance to a range of herbicide rates. Linear mixed-effects regression models were fitted to quantify the relationships between preemergence herbicide rate and snap bean cultivar tolerance. Results indicated a high margin of crop safety with dimethenamid-P and lactofen for weed control in snap bean, and a low margin of crop safety with metribuzin and saflufenacil. Results indicated differential cultivar tolerance to flumioxazin and sulfentrazone, which could be driven by genetic variability among cultivars.
Surface polarization profile of ferroelectric thin films probed by X-ray standing waves and photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Hoang Le Phuong , Spasojevic Irena , Lee Tien-Lin , Pesquera David , Rossnagel Kai , Zegenhagen Jörg , Catalan Gustau , Vartanyants Ivan A. , Scherz Andreas , Mercurio Giuseppe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying a stable polarization at the surface of ferroelectric thin films is of particular importance both from a fundamental point of view and to achieve control of the surface polarization itself. In this study, we demonstrate that the X-ray standing wave technique allows the surface polarization profile of a ferroelectric thin film, as opposed to the average film polarity, to be probed directly. The X-ray standing wave technique provides the average Ti and Ba atomic positions, along the out-of-plane direction, near the surface of three differently strained $$\mathrm {BaTiO_3}$$ thin films. This technique gives direct access to the local ferroelectric polarization at and below the surface. By employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a detailed overview of the oxygen-containing species adsorbed on the surface is obtained. The different amplitude and orientation of the local ferroelectric polarizations are associated with surface charges attributed to different type, amount and spatial distribution of the oxygen-containing adsorbates.
Kinetics and adsorption isotherms studies for the effective removal of Evans blue dye from an aqueous solution utilizing forsterite nanoparticles
Authors: Magdy Ahmed , Mostafa Maysa R. , Moustafa Saied A. , Mohamed Gehad G. , Fouad Omar A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the present day, water treatment has emerged as a significant global concern, particularly due to the proliferation of pollution sources. The utilization of dyes, such as Evans blue, in several industries is among the most significant contributors to these pollutants. Forsterite nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel technique and calcined at different temperatures to determine the optimum temperature at which pure nanoforsterite was obtained. Then, it was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) , contact angle, and zero-point charge. The adsorption capability of forsterite nanoparticles (Nps) was evaluated by a batch adsorption experimental method to remove Evans blue dye (EBD). Parameters such as agitation speed, dosage of forsterite Nps, pH, and contact time were considered at ambient temperature. At pH = 3, dose of Nps = 1 g/L, and 600 rpm within 10 min, the results indicated a removal rate of around 100%. Furthermore, it was shown that the material may be employed for 3 cycles with a removal rate of 90%. Multiple kinetic and isotherm models, including Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich models, were used to analyze the results and clarify the mechanism of the adsorption phenomena. The findings from the isotherm and kinetic studies indicated that the system conforms to Langmuir and pseudo-second-order, respectively.