bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estafilococo Meticilino resistente, un problema actual en la emergencia de resistencia entre los Gram positivos.
Authors: ECHEVARRIA ZARATE Juan , IGLESIAS QUILCA David 
Published: May 2016

Las enfermedades infecciosas constituyen la primera causa de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial, en especial en países subdesarrollados como el nuestro, por ello el tratamiento adecuado y oportuno de las mismas, tendrá un impacto importante en los índices de salud. Lamentablemente uno de los grandes problemas que se enfrenta en la actualidad es la creciente emergencia de resistencia de los gérmenes a los antibióticos convencionales.
Colonización vaginal y anorectal por Streptococcus agalactiae en gestantes de los Hospitales Nacionales Cayetano Heredia y Arzobispo Loayza.
Authors: TAMARIZ ORTIZ Jesús Humberto , OBREGON CALERO Maruja , JARA AGUIRRE José Carlos , DIAZ HERRERA Jorge , JEFFERSON CORTEZ Luz , GUERRA ALLISON Humberto 
Published: May 2016

Objetivo: Considerando la importancia del Streptococcus agalactiae en infecciones en neonatos y puérperas y la ausencia de información sobre su prevalencia en nuestro medio, se realizó el presente estudio con el objetivo de determinar los niveles de colonización en secreciones vaginales y anorrectales de mujeres embarazadas en dos importantes centros hospitalarios de la ciudad de Lima. Material y métodos: Entre los meses de abril a octubre del 2002, se estudiaron 238 gestantes con 26 semanas o más de gestación que acudieron al consultorio externo del servicio de Obstetricia de los Hospitales Nacionales Arzobispo Loayza y Cayetano Heredia; mediante hisopado se obtuvieron muestras de secreción vaginal y anorrectal empleando como medio de enriquecimiento selectivo caldo Todd Hewitt suplementado con gentamicina (0.8 mg/mL) y ácido nalidíxico (15 mg/ml). El cultivo se realizó en agar sangre de carnero al 5%, identificándose el germen mediante el tipo de hemólisis, la prueba de CAMP, bacitracina y Sulfametoxazol / Trimetoprim. Resultados: Se logró aislar Streptococcus agalactiae en 26 pacientes (10.9%). No se encontró asociación con tiempo de gestación, edad materna ni número de partos. De las 26 gestantes colonizadas por Streptococcus agalactiae, 09 (36.4%) manifestaron haber presentado abortos previos. Las pacientes con cultivos positivos recibieron tratamiento quimioprofiláctico. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio, muestran la necesidad de realizar trabajos de investigación que identifiquen la magnitud del problema en Lima y el interior del país a fin de orientar la implementación de las medidas preventivas necesarias.
Reconstrucción de extremidades inferiores con colgajo sural diferido.
Authors: HUIMAN LAZO Victor , BARDALES LASTEROS Alberto , ARCE CHIRINOS Dante , IRIARTE BLAS Jesús 
Published: May 2016

Objetivo: Evaluar la viabilidad del colgajo sural, en lesiones de extremidades inferiores que comprometen la zona de su pedículo vascular utilizando la técnica quirúrgica de transposición diferida o de retardo. Materiales y Métodos: Se estudiaron 08 pacientes sometidos a cirugía reconstructiva con colgajo sural diferido por lesiones en tercio distal de extremidades inferiores que comprometían la zona de su pedículo vascular, desde junio 2001 a mayo 2003, en el Servicio de Cirugía Plástica del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia. Resultados: El 100% de colgajos estuvo viable al momento de realizar la transposición. Las complicaciones encontradas fueron menores, siendo la más frecuente la necrosis parcial. Conclusiones: La técnica diferida utilizada en el colgajo sural, cuando la lesión compromete la zona de su pedículo vascular, es adecuada para mantener la viabilidad del colgajo.
Micosis ganglionar: Reporte de 7 casos en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia Lima-Perú y revisión de la literatura.
Authors: OSORES PLENGE Fernando , MAGUIÑA VARGAS Ciro , FERRUFINO LLACH Juan Carlos , VELANDO MITMA Rosario , AGAPITO PANTA Juan , VERDONCK BOSTEELS Kristien , NOLASCO CARDENAS Oscar , AREVALO ZELADA Jorge , BUSTAMANTE RUFINO Beatriz , GOTTUZO HERENCIA Eduardo 
Published: May 2016

Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas, micológicas e histopatológicas de una serie de pacientes con micosis ganglionar y determinar si las afecciones ganglionares por hongos o micosis ganglionares pueden imitar otras patologías ganglionares infecciosas y no infecciosas. Material y Métodos: Se evaluaron 154 pacientes atendidos en el Departamento de enfermedades infecciosas y transmisibles del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia de Lima entre enero del 2003 y enero del 2004. Estos pacientes participaron en un estudio de validación de una prueba diagnóstica para tuberculosis ganglionar pero tuvieron un diagnóstico definido de micosis ganglionar. Resultados: De 154 pacientes con linfadenopatía evaluados durante el tiempo de estudio, 7 tuvieron micosis ganglionar, dos de ellos eran pacientes inmunocompetentes y los cinco restantes inmunosuprimidos, uno por linfoma y los otros por VIH. Conclusiones: Las afecciones ganglionares por hongos o micosis ganglionares pueden ser grandes imitadoras de otras patologías ganglionares infecciosas y no infecciosas.
Influencia de factores climáticos sobre las enfermedades infecciosas.
Authors: HUARCAYA CASTILLA Erick , ROSSI LEYVA Fiorella , LLANOS-CUENTAS Alejandro 
Published: May 2016

Several epidemiological evidence have been correlated with the effect of environmental factors over infectious diseases. Since the El Niño phenomenon in 1973, this event has been incriminated in the onset or trigger of epidemic changes and outbreaks. El Niño, which is responsible for the Ecuatorial Pacific Ocean water warming, produce a global effect, and as a consequence atmospheric humidity and environmental temperature are higher than usual. Currently, there are evidence that those changes have a direct effect on the biological life cycle of infectious diseases vectors and some microorganisms with a correlation in the epidemiology of those diseases. Recently, the molecular biology and the mathematical model analysis have been improving our understood about biological explanations, allowing the opportunity to predict outbreaks, risky areas, or epidemiological changes. We review the current evidence that may affect infectious diseases, as Malaria, Leishmaniasis, Bartonellosis, Cholera and others.
Derechos Humanos y Salud: El caso del VIH/SIDA.
Authors: UGARTE GIL Cesar Augusto , MIRANDA MONTERO J. Jaime 
Published: May 2016

The history of HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) has shown us, continuously, many experiences in the political, moral, economic, social, therapeutic and clinical areas, amongst others. Due to the various and diverse implications of this complex problem, a solitary analysis framed by only one of those fields results difficult and inappropriate. We argue that a human rights approach should be undertaken to understand and address this problem. The advantage of this type of analysis goes beyond clinical aspect of the patient, and thus provides an integral vision that every health professional should handle in a day-to-day basis.
Factores de personalidad y actitud hacia los residuos sólidos en estudiantes de una universidad particular de Lima - Perú.
Authors: Machicao Fonseca Rebeca 
Published: May 2016

La presente investigación examina la relación entre los cinco grandes factores de la personalidad y la actitud hacia los residuos sólidos. El diseño de la investigación es transaccional correlacional y la muestra la constituyeron 308 estudiantes universitarios procedentes de tres facultades de una universidad particular de Lima, Perú. Losinstrumentos utilizados fueron el NEO FFI de Costa &McCrae y la Escala de actitud hacia los residuos urbanos de Fernández y cols. Los resultados revelan que la actitud positiva hacia los residuos sólidos está relacionada a niveles altos en la apertura a la experiencia, responsabilidad, extraversión y agradabilidad, y a un nivel bajo de neuroticismo. Además se analiza la relación considerando el papel del género, período de desarrollo humano, ciclo académico, carrera y área de residencia.
Epistemología genética.
Authors: Gutiérrez Vásquez Ramiro 
Published: May 2016

Para recrear las ideas de Jean Piaget sobre su epistemología genética se ha visto por conveniente abordar el trabajo desde varios aspectos: abordar el problema de su significado y de lo que estudia; fundamentar su estatus de ciencia, característica central que la diferencia de otras posturas epistemológicas; probar que la psicología juega un rol importante al momento de analizar la ciencia. Del mismo modo, se estudia los métodos y procedimientos originales con los que Piaget abordó los temas epistemológicos de su interés; también se describe la manera en que Piaget aplicó el método isomorfico para mostrar paralelos sustanciales entre las estructuras matemáticas y estructuras psicológicas. Finalmente, se trata de establecer algunas relaciones entre la psicogénesis y la historia de la ciencia para mostrar que la ciencia evoluciona en base a leyes o mecanismos similares a los que operan en la evolución de la inteligencia.
Cultural Heritage and Indian Economy
Authors: TIWARI Dr. RADHA , PATEL JINALI 
Published: May 2016

<p>Cultural Heritage, classic and contemporary, contributes to the identity and branding of territory, so relevant in an age of globalization and fierce competition, as also the base for sustainable and endogenous development.</p><p>It constitutes an essential engine for economic development being the major measure of economic impact on heritage conservation entailing jobs for household income; center city revitalization; heritage tourism; property values and small business incubation. Central to building a sustainable local economy is import substitution, creating locally what otherwise would be purchased from elsewhere. Heritage conservation is locally based upon, using expertise, labor and materials available in the local market, but import substitution also requires efforts to train local workers.</p><p>India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries and a multitude of services.</p><p>Services are the major source of economic growth, accounting for more than half of India's output with less than one third of its labor force.</p><p>We all know that India has a very rich cultural heritage. However, it is not known to many that India was a well developed country in terms of its economy and business. Excavations, written records, literature and above all, India’s immense wealth had attracted several foreigners to attack India that bear testimony to the fact. The Indian civilization was not only agriculture based but there was also flourishing trade and commerce both inside and outside the country. It had contributed immensely to the world of business in different fields. Indian business was unique, innovative, dynamic and qualitatively superior to many other countries at that time.</p>
Optical Attenuation & Atmospheric Visibility of Free Space Optics
Authors: Hafeez Beenish , Iqbal Shahid , Asif Areeba , Tariq Meera 
Published: May 2016

The study was conducted at University of Gujrat during 2015 with an objective to explore the effects of dust on Free Space Optics (FSO) communication. Growing pollution and dust gales motivated studies we presented in this paper. In this paper analysis of the influence of dust on free space optics communication is presented. We focused our studies on Lahore as it is polluted city of Punjab and made a comparison with dust effects in Rahimyar Khan Region. Dense dust consists of large dust particles that raise from Earths sphere and whose atmospheric intensification values are high enough to affect FSO communication links. Dust storm research is based on visibility data. In order to test visibility data, we made calculations of atmospheric conditions for different dust conditions. Visibility of wave is calculated using weather spark. As it is related with the optical attenuation, so we also calculated optical attenuation of dust particles due to influence of dust particles and compared it with that of Rahimyar Khan.
Advanced Practice Registered Nurses: Gateway to Screening for Bipolar Disorder in Primary Care
Authors: Kriebel-Gasparro Ann Marie 
Published: May 2016

Objective:The goal of this mixed methods descriptive study was to explore Advanced Practice Registered Nurses’ (APRNs’) knowledge of bipolar disorder (BPD) and their perceptions of facilitators and barriers to screening patients with known depression for BPD.Methods:A mixed method study design using surveys on BPD knowledge and screening practices as well as focus group data collection method for facilitators and barriers to screening.Results:89 APRNs completed the survey and 12 APRNs participated in the focus groups. APRNs in any practice setting had low knowledge scores of BPD. No significant differences in screening for BPD for primary and non primary care APRNs. Qualitative findings revealed screening relates to tool availability; time, unsure of when to screen, fear of sigma, symptoms knowledge of BPD, accessible referral system, personal experiences with BPD, and therapeutic relationships with patients.Conclusion:Misdiagnosis of BPD as unipolar depression is common in primary care settings, leading to a long lag time to optimal diagnosis and treatment. The wait time to diagnosis and treatment could be reduced if APRNs in primary care settings screen patients with a diagnosis of depression by using validated screening tools. These results can inform APRN practice and further research on the effectiveness of screening for reducing the morbidity and mortality of BPDs in primary care settings; underscores the need for integration of mental health care into primary care as well as the need for more APRN education on the diagnosis and management of bipolar disorders.
Association of genetic polymorphism and external apical root resorption
Authors: Aminoshariae Amir , Aminoshariae Anita , Valiathan Manish , Kulild James C. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the relationship between genetic polymorphism and external apical root resorption.

Methodology:
The protocol was prepared and registered on PROSPERO. Two reviewers independently conducted a comprehensive literature search. The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases were searched. In addition, the bibliographies of all relevant articles and textbooks were manually searched.

Results:
Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies were classified as low-quality studies (score &lt;10), and nine studies were classified as high-quality studies.

Discussion:
The results of the present review suggest that, although some authors have reported that genetic polymorphism may play a role in external apical root resorption, others have not supported this association. Future studies should be more consistent in their research methodologies to determine with clarity whether an association exists.

Conclusion:
Future investigations should include larger sample sizes with matching cases/controls, adjust for confounders, provide power calculation and odds ratios, and report genetic analyses with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The current investigation suggests guidelines and recommendations for future investigators studying genetic polymorphism in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Laboratory Measurement of Hydraulic Fracture Conductivities in the Barnett Shale
Authors: Zhang Junjing , Kamenov Anton , Zhu D. , Hill D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The Mississippian Barnett shale of the Fort Worth Basin is one of the most successfully developed shale gas plays in North America by applying multistage hydraulic fracturing stimulation techniques in horizontal wells. The fracturing design involves pumping low viscosity fluid with low proppant concentrations at high pump rate, commonly known as "slick water fracturing". Direct laboratory measurement of both natural and induced fracture conductivity under realistic experimental conditions with the Barnett shale samples is needed for reliable well performance analysis and fracturing design optimization.
During the course of this study a series of static conductivity experiments was completed. The goal was to measure the conductivity of propped and unpropped natural and induced fractures using a modified API conductivity cell at room temperature. The cementing material present on the surface of the natural fractures was preserved during the initial unpropped conductivity tests and removed for subsequent propped fracture conductivity measurements. The induced fractures were artificially created by breaking the shale rock along the bedding plane to account for the effect of the irregular fracture surface on conductivity. Proppants of various sizes were manually placed between rough fracture surfaces at realistic concentrations. The two sides of the induced fractures were cut in a way to represent either an aligned or a displaced fracture face with a 0.1 inch offset. The effect of proppant partial monolayer was also studied by placing proppants at ultra-low concentration.
The results from the experiments show that unpropped induced fractures can provide a conductive path after removal of free particles and debris generated when cracking the rock. The aligned induced fractures have conductivities one order of magnitude lower compared to displaced induced fractures when unpropped. Poorly cemented natural fractures are effective flow paths. Unpropped fracture conductivity depends strongly on the degree of shear displacement, the presence of free debris and particles during fracture generation, and the amount of cementing material removed. The propped fracture conductivity is weakly dependent on fracture surface roughness at higher proppant concentrations because the proppant pack is the dominant contributor to fracture conductivity. Moreover, propped fracture conductivity increases with larger proppant size and higher areal concentration in the testing range of this study. Results also show that proppant partial monolayers cannot survive higher closure stress. Therefore, proppant packs with multiple layers of proppant are more beneficial than a partial monolayer by maintaining the conductivity at elevated closure stresses.
Soft Computation Application to Optimize Drilling Bit Selection Utilizing Virtual Inteligence and Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Jamshidi Emad , Mostafavi Hossein 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Drilling industry encounters various challenges during planning and drilling a new well. There are numerous parameters related to drilling operations that are planned and adjusted as drilling advances. Among them, bit selection is one of the most influential considerations for planning and constructing a new borehole.
Conventional bit selections are mostly based on drillers' experiences in the field or mathematical equations which stand more on recorded performances of similar bits from offset wells. It is evident that these sophisticated interrelations between parameters never can be stated in a single mathematical equation. In such intricate cases, utilizing virtual intelligence and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is proven to be worthwhile in understanding complex relationships between variables.
In this paper, two models are developed with high competence and utilizing ANNs. The first model provides appropriate drilling bit selection based on desired ROP to be obtained by applying specific drilling parameters. The second model uses proper drilling parameters obtained from optimizing procedure to select drilling bit which provides maximum achievable ROP. Meanwhile, Genetic Algorithm (GA), as a class of optimizing methods for complex functions, is applied. The proposed methods assess the current conditions of drilling system to optimize the effectiveness of drilling, while reducing the probability of early wear of the drill bit. The correlation coefficients for predicted bit types and optimum drilling parameters in testing the obtained networks are 0.95 and 0.90, respectively.
The proposed methodology opens new opportunities for real-time and in-field drilling optimization that can be efficiently implemented within the span of the existing drilling practice.
A Novel Emulsified Acid System for Stimulation of Very High-Temperature Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Pandya Nisha , Wadekar Sushant 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Because the world demand for energy is expected to continue growing, exploration is turning to deeper and high-temperature reservoirs. Such reservoirs include fields with high bottom hole static temperatures (BHSTs), such as the Ursa (250°F) and Thunder Horse (280°F) in Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Acid stimulation of such reservoirs at high temperature is a challenging task. Emulsified acid systems are expected to perform better in reservoirs with BHSTs ranging from 275 to 375°F compared to nonretarded acids and gelled acid systems. However, fluid stability and the inhibition of corrosion are major challenges to overcome for successful implementation of this technology. Emulsion instability and the corrosion rate are interrelated, and both increase with higher temperature. Also, fluid stability decreases as a result of corrosion of the metal surfaces. At the same time, an excessive addition of corrosion inhibitor destabilizes the fluid system. Hence, the proper selection and balance between the corrosion inhibitor and emulsifiers are required. Three different types of corrosion inhibitors were evaluated, and an emulsified system was designed with proper optimization of various ingredients, including corrosion inhibitor, an intensifier, and a cationic emulsifier. The system was tested for stability and corrosion loss with static corrosion test using P-110 coupons. After reviewing the literature, it is believed that this emulsified system is the only one to pass static corrosion tests at 275°F for 4 hr and remain stable at 300°F for 2 hr with 28% acid strength. This enables the acid stimulation of carbonate reservoirs having BHSTs up to 300°F while reducing the corrosion rate. As per the study, the effect of the intensifier was different to that found in plain acid, suggesting possible interactions of the additives with the emulsifier. Because fluid stability and the rate of corrosion are interrelated, they should be evaluated together, especially for designing emulsified acid systems for stimulation of very high-temperature carbonate reservoirs.