bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture resistance of endodontically treated mandibular first molars with conservative access cavity and different restorative techniques: An in vitro study
Authors: Al Amri Mohammad D. , Al‐Johany Sulieman , Sherfudhin Haneef , Al Shammari Badar , Al Mohefer Sami , Al Saloum Mohammed , Al Qarni Hatem 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe aim was to investigate in vitro the fracture resistance (FR) of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) with conservative access cavity restored using various direct and indirect restorative materials and techniques. Seventy‐two mandibular first molars were equally divided into six groups. Teeth in Group 1 were untreated (controls). In Groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, teeth were restored with amalgam, composite resin, ceramic inlay, ceramic onlay and zirconium crown, respectively. A fracture test was performed on all teeth using a static load. Compared with other groups, teeth in Groups 3 (P < 0.05) and 6 (P < 0.05) had the highest FR values with no significant difference in‐between them. Teeth in Group 4 had the lowest FR than other groups (P < 0.05). All restorative techniques tested led to a significant reduction in FR. It is necessary to consider type of fracture when evaluating fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Crowned molars had the highest favourable fractures among the five treatment groups. Although the results of this in vitro study showed variations between tested techniques in ETT with a conservative access cavity, further long‐term controlled clinical trials are required to confirm these in vitro findings.
Dyslipidemia associated with heavy alcohol use
Authors: Capurso Noah A. , Petrakis Ismene 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectivesAlcohol has many effects on lipid metabolism and has been associated with elevated triglycerides. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of globally dysregulated lipids secondary to alcohol use and to describe the natural history of this phenomenon after drinking cessation.MethodsWe present a case of an otherwise healthy patient (N = 1) who was admitted to our facility for alcohol detoxification and found to have extreme lipid dysregulation. He was treated with benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal but no hypolipidemic agents were given.ResultsLipid indices self‐corrected and were found to be normal following just several weeks of sobriety in the absence of treatment with any hypolipidemic agents.DiscussionThe literature regarding the effects of alcohol on lipid metabolism is briefly reviewed followed by a discussion of how these findings might apply to this patient in particular as well as implications for broader clinical practice.Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceAlcohol has the ability to dysregulate several lipid indices in addition to elevating triglycerides. The rapid resolution of dyslipidemia suggests that additional treatment may not be necessary for patients who are able to abstain from alcohol but that hypolipidemic agents may be indicated for those patients who continue to drink. Additionally, clinicians should consider checking lipid panels in patients who present with alcohol intoxication and are found to have other laboratory abnormalites or those who have risk factors for hyperlipidemia. (Am J Addict 2016;25:188–190)
Brief Report: A web‐based pilot study of childhood sexual abuse, recent stressful events, and alcohol use in women
Authors: Sartor Carolyn E. , O'Malley Stephanie S. 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectivesChildhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a well‐documented risk factor for problem drinking, but the possibility that recent stressful events exacerbate risk conferred by CSA has rarely been examined, and the few studies to do so have limited their investigations to negative events. The aim of the current study was to examine the associations between CSA, recent positive and negative stressful events, and women's alcohol consumption.MethodsEighty‐nine women (42.7% reporting CSA) completed weekly web‐based alcohol use surveys and a stressful event inventory assessing negative and positive events over a 12 week period.ResultsIndependent of CSA history, experiencing negative events was associated with elevated likelihood of drinking to intoxication.Discussion and ConclusionsProximal distressing events are more closely linked than CSA history to short‐term drinking patterns.Scientific SignificanceTracking stressful negative events may be informative for identifying precipitants of heavy drinking. (Am J Addict 2016;25:184–187)
An integrated model of depression, compulsion, and mindfulness among heroin abusers in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Kun‐Hua , Lin Huang‐Chi , Wang Peng‐Wei , Yen Cheng‐Fang 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectivesPrevailing literature explains how depression, compulsion, and mindfulness affect heroin use; however, there is no comprehensive framework that explains their overall relationships. We therefore proposed and examined a hypothetical depression‐compulsion‐heroin use and mindfulness (DCHm) model.MethodsWe recruited 234 male heroin users. Self‐reported levels of depression, mindfulness, compulsion to use, and severity of heroin use were measured. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the proposed DCHm model.ResultsCompulsion was a mediator between depression and heroin use. In addition, the DCHm model had satisfactory model fit indices. Depression indirectly affected heroin use through compulsion to use. The moderating effects of mindfulness in the two competing models were compared between the high‐ and low‐mindfulness groups. The DCHm model in the high‐mindfulness group had more favorable model fit indices than it did in the low‐mindfulness group.ConclusionsThrough learned emotional regulation strategies, addicted people with higher mindfulness were less likely to compulsively take drugs because of a depressive mood than were those with lower mindfulness. Furthermore, effective emotion‐regulation strategies should be developed and examined in future studies.Scientific SignificanceThese results raise questions about the effect of compulsion on heroin use disorders. Mindfulness‐based approaches to emotional regulatory strategies should be developed based on these findings. Further experimentation and prospective studies are needed to more fully examine the moderating role of mindfulness on depression and compulsion. (Am J Addict 2016;25:227–232)
Langerhans cell histiocytosis mimicking lichen nitidus with bone involvement
Authors: Lozano Masdemont Belén , Gómez‐Recuero Muñoz Laura , Villanueva Álvarez‐Santullano Ana , Parra Blanco Verónica , Campos Domínguez Minia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe report the case of a 6‐month‐old Hispanic boy with a 4‐month history of widespread pruritic hypopigmented papules mimicking lichen nitidus. The final diagnosis was multisystem non‐risk‐organ Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), with cutaneous and multiple bone involvement. With this patient and others previously reported in the literature, we suggest an early biopsy of the hypopigmented rash in children.
Mouth breathing, another risk factor for asthma: the Nagahama Study
Authors: Izuhara Y. , Matsumoto H. , Nagasaki T. , Kanemitsu Y. , Murase K. , Ito I. , Oguma T. , Muro S. , Asai K. , Tabara Y. , Takahashi K. , Bessho K. , Sekine A. , Kosugi S. , Yamada R. , Nakayama T. , Matsuda F. , Niimi A. , Chin K. , Mishima M. ,   the Nagahama Study Group
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundAllergic rhinitis, a known risk factor for asthma onset, often accompanies mouth breathing. Mouth breathing may bypass the protective function of the nose and is anecdotally considered to increase asthma morbidity. However, there is no epidemiological evidence that mouth breathing is independently associated with asthma morbidity and sensitization to allergens. In this study, we aimed to clarify the association between mouth breathing and asthma morbidity and allergic/eosinophilic inflammation, while considering the effect of allergic rhinitis.MethodsThis community‐based cohort study, the Nagahama Study, contained a self‐reporting questionnaire on mouth breathing and medical history, blood tests, and pulmonary function testing. We enrolled 9804 general citizens of Nagahama City in the Shiga Prefecture, Japan.ResultsMouth breathing was reported by 17% of the population and was independently associated with asthma morbidity. The odds ratio for asthma morbidity was 1.85 (95% CI, 1.27–2.62) and 2.20 (95% CI, 1.72–2.80) in subjects with mouth breathing alone and allergic rhinitis alone, which additively increased to 4.09 (95% CI, 3.01–5.52) when mouth breathing and allergic rhinitis coexisted. Mouth breathing in nonasthmatics was a risk for house dust mite sensitization, higher blood eosinophil counts, and lower pulmonary function after adjusting for allergic rhinitis.ConclusionMouth breathing may increase asthma morbidity, potentially through increased sensitization to inhaled allergens, which highlights the risk of mouth‐bypass breathing in the ‘one airway, one disease’ concept. The risk of mouth breathing should be well recognized in subjects with allergic rhinitis and in the general population.
Androgen receptor‐related diseases: what do we know?
Authors: Shukla G. C. , Plaga A. R. , Shankar E. , Gupta S. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe androgen receptor (AR) and the androgen–AR signaling pathway play a significant role in male sexual differentiation and the development and function of male reproductive and non‐reproductive organs. Because of AR's widely varied and important roles, its abnormalities have been identified in various diseases such as androgen insensitivity syndrome, spinal bulbar muscular atrophy, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer. This review provides an overview of the function of androgens and androgen–AR mediated diseases. In addition, the diseases delineated above are discussed with respect to their association with mutations and other post‐transcriptional modifications in the AR. Finally, we present an introduction to the potential therapeutic application of most recent pharmaceuticals including miRNAs in prostate cancer that specifically target the transactivation function of the AR at post‐transcriptional stages.
Enterobius vermicularis and its role in paediatric appendicitis: protection or predisposition?
Authors: Lala Shareena , Upadhyay Vipul 
Published: March 2016

Background

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nterobius vermicularis is one of the most common parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract, and has been shown to infest up to 28% of children worldwide. The role of
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. vermicularis in acute appendicitis has previously been questioned, with some studies identifying infection as a precursor for inflammation of the appendix, with others refuting such a link.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of all appendices received for histological analysis at our unit from January 2002 to December 2011 (10‐year period), removed in the course of acute appendicectomy in children aged 3 to 15 years. Appendices were categorized by degree of inflammation and infestation with
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. vermicularis.ResultsAppendicectomy for clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis was performed in 2923 patients, 1694 (58%) male, median age 11.6 years.
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. vermicularis was present in 4% of appendices; 25% of which showed concurrent acute inflammation.
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. vermicularis infestation was more common in females (F : M 76% versus 24% of inflamed appendices and 66.7% versus 33.3% for non‐inflamed appendices). European individuals showed higher representation in the
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. vermicularis group than the total study population (79% versus 53% respectively).Conclusion

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. vermicularis was found to be more common in females and those of European descent. Seventy‐seven percent of patients with
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. vermicularis did not have concurrent acute inflammation of the appendix on histological examination. The question remains as to whether infestation is protective of inflammation or whether infestation causes appendiceal colic and subsequent appendicectomy of a non‐inflamed appendix, thereby protective of the morbidity of acute appendicitis.
Hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer/Lynch syndrome in three dimensions
Authors: Kravochuck Sara E. , Church James M. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundHereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is defined by family history, and Lynch syndrome (LS) is defined genetically. However, universal tumour testing is now increasingly used to screen for patients with defective mismatch repair. This mixing of the results of family history, tumour testing and germline testing produces multiple permutations and combinations that can foster confusion. We wanted to clarify hereditary colorectal cancer using the three dimensions of classification: family history, tumour testing and germline testing.MethodsFamily history (Amsterdam I or II criteria versus not Amsterdam criteria) was used to define patients and families with HNPCC. Tumour testing and germline testing were then performed to sub‐classify patients and families. The permutations of these classifications are applied to our registry.ResultsThere were 234 HNPCC families: 129 had LS of which 55 were three‐dimensional Lynch (family history, tumour testing and germline testing), 66 were two‐dimensional Lynch and eight were one‐dimensional Lynch. A total of 10 families had tumour Lynch (tumours with microsatellite instability or loss of expression of a mismatch repair protein but an Amsterdam‐negative family and negative germline testing), five were Lynch like (Amsterdam‐positive family, tumours with microsatellite instability or loss of expression of a mismatch repair protein on immunohistochemistry but negative germline testing), 26 were familial colorectal cancer type X and 95 were HNPCC.ConclusionHereditary colorectal cancer can be confusing. Sorting families in three dimensions can clarify the confusion and may direct further testing and, ultimately, surveillance.
Prevalence of anal incontinence during pregnancy and 1 year after delivery in a cohort of primiparous women and a control group of nulliparous women
Authors: Svare Jens A. , Hansen Bent B. , Lose Gunnar 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of anal incontinence (AI) during pregnancy and 1 year after delivery in primiparous women and to compare it with the prevalences in nulliparous women.Material and methodsA validated questionnaire regarding AI was filled in by 1018 primiparous women after delivery and by 1836 nulliparous women (baseline). A similar questionnaire was filled in 1 year later by both groups.ResultsAt baseline the prevalence of flatus incontinence was significantly higher in the primiparous than the nulliparous women (35 vs. 25%), while incontinence for liquid stools was significantly less frequent (8 vs. 20%). Prevalences of incontinence for solid stools were similar. One year later the prevalence of AI was similar in the two groups (flatus incontinence 24 vs. 25%, incontinence for liquid stools 18 vs. 19% and incontinence for solid stools 4 vs. 3%). AI 1 year after the delivery was not related to the mode of delivery. Women with grade 3 or 4 perineal lesions had a significantly higher prevalence of flatus incontinence 1 year after the delivery compared with women without such lesions (48 vs. 23%, p = 0.00).ConclusionsThis prospective cohort study showed remarkably high prevalences of AI during pregnancy and 1 year after delivery in primiparous women and likewise in nulliparous women at baseline and 1 year later. These results may indicate that factors other than pregnancy and delivery are of importance for AI in young women.
Presence of hepatitis C (HCV) infection in Baby Boomers with Medicare is independently associated with mortality and resource utilisation
Authors: Sayiner M. , Wymer M. , Golabi P. , Ford J. , Srishord I. , Younossi Z. M. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundHepatitis C virus is common among Baby Boomers (BB). As this cohort ages, they will increasingly become Medicare eligible.AimTo evaluate resource utilisation and mortality of BB‐Medicare recipients with HCV.MethodsWe used in‐patient and out‐patient Medicare databases (2005–2010). HCV was identified using ICD‐9 codes. Outcomes included resource utilisation [payment/case and in‐patient length of stay (LOS)] and short‐term mortality.ResultsOf 1 153 862 BB Medicare recipients (2005–2010), 3.2% (N = 37 365) had HCV. During this period, in‐patient Medicare‐BB (39 793–55 235) and their claims (78 924–106 232) increased. Furthermore, their overall mortality increased from 8.94% to 10.25% (P < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, HCV [OR = 1.23 (1.16–1.29)], older age [OR = 1.98 (1.82–2.14)], male gender [OR = 1.25 (1.22–1.29)], ESRD [OR = 1.31 (1.26–1.36)], Charlson score [OR = 1.41 (1.40–1.42)] and LOS [OR = 1.02 (1.02–1.02)] predicted mortality. LOS decreased from 12.98 to 11.74 days (P < 0.0001), whereas total payments increased from $22 157 to $23 185 (P < .0001). During the study, the number of out‐patient Medicare BB patients (123 097–192 110) and claims (863 978–1 340 260) also increased. Furthermore, overall mortality increased from 3.15% to 3.31% (P = 0.0131). Again, HCV [OR = 1.23 (1.16–1.30)], older age [OR = 2.03 (1.89–2.17)], ESRD [OR = 3.40 (3.28–3.51)], disabled status [OR = 1.49 (1.40–1.58)] and Charlson score [OR = 1.39 (1.38–1.40)] predicted mortality. Annual total out‐patient payments increased from $3781 to $4001 (P < 0.0001). HCV [36.04% [34.28–37.82%)], 45–49 age [4.21% (3.14–5.28%)], ESRD [966.31% (954.86–977.88%)], disabled status [43.22% (41.67–44.80%)], Charlson score [46.78% (46.31–47.26%)] and study year [2.72% (2.58–2.85%)] independently predicted increases in payments.ConclusionsIn Baby Boomer Medicare recipients, diagnosis of HCV is independently associated with higher mortality and resource utilisation.
Validation of feasibility and quality of chicken breast meat cooked under various water‐cooking conditions
Authors: Chumngoen Wanwisa , Chen Hsin‐Yi , Tan Fa‐Jui 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUnder laboratory conditions, the qualities of boneless chicken breasts are commonly determined by placing them in a bag and cooking them in a water bath. The results are often applied as references for comparing the influences of cooking techniques. However, whether a sample cooked under this “laboratory” condition actually represents the meat cooked under the “real‐life” condition in which meat is frequently cooked directly in water without packaging remains unclear. Whether the two cooking conditions lead to comparable results in meat quality should be determined. This study evaluated the influence of cooking conditions, including “placed‐in‐bag and cooked in a water bath (BC)” and “cooked directly in hot water (WC)” conditions, on the quality of chicken meat. The results reveal that BC samples had a longer cooking time. Deboned‐and‐skinless BC samples had a higher cooking loss and lower protein solubility (P < 0.01). BC samples with bone and skin had a higher lightness in both skin and muscle. No significant differences were observed in attributes, including shear force, collagen solubility, microstructures, redness, yellowness and descriptive sensory characteristics between treatments. Based on the results, considering the quality attributes that might be influenced, is critical when conducting relevant research.
Therapeutic protein–drug interaction assessment for daclizumab high‐yield process in patients with multiple sclerosis using a cocktail approach
Authors: Tran Jonathan Q. , Othman Ahmed A. , Wolstencroft Paul , Elkins Jacob 
Published: March 2016

AimsTo characterize the potential effect of daclizumab high‐yield process (DAC HYP), a monoclonal antibody that blocks the high‐affinity interleukin‐2 receptors for treatment of multiple sclerosis, on activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes.MethodsTwenty patients with multiple sclerosis received an oral cocktail of probe substrates of CYP1A2 (caffeine 200 mg), CYP2C9 (warfarin 10 mg/vitamin K 10 mg), CYP2C19 (omeprazole 40 mg), CYP2D6 (dextromethorphan 30 mg) and CYP3A (midazolam 5 mg) on two sequential occasions: 7 days before and 7 days after subcutaneous administration of DAC HYP 150 mg every 4 weeks for three doses. Serial pharmacokinetic blood samples up to 96 h post dose and 12‐h urine samples were collected on both occasions. Area under the curve (AUC) for caffeine, S‐warfarin, omeprazole and midazolam, and urine dextromethorphan to dextrorphan ratio were calculated. Statistical analyses were conducted on log‐transformed parameters using a linear mixed‐effects model.ResultsThe 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the geometric mean ratio (probe substrate with DAC HYP/probe substrate alone) for caffeine AUC from 0–12 h (0.93–1.15), S‐warfarin AUC from 0 to infinity (AUC[0–inf]) (0.95–1.06), omeprazole AUC(0–inf) (0.88–1.13) and midazolam AUC(0–inf) (0.89–1.15) were within the no‐effect boundary of 0.80–1.25. The geometric mean ratio for urine dextromethorphan to dextrorphan ratio was 1.01, with the 90% CI (0.76–1.34) extending slightly outside the no‐effect boundary, likely due to high variability with urine collections and CYP2D6 activity.ConclusionsDAC HYP treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis had no effect on CYP 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A activity.
Twenty‐five years of prescription opioid use in Australia: a whole‐of‐population analysis using pharmaceutical claims
Authors: Karanges Emily A. , Blanch Bianca , Buckley Nicholas A. , Pearson Sallie‐Anne 
Published: March 2016

AimThe aim of this paper is to investigate 25‐year trends in community use of prescribed opioid analgesics in Australia, and to map these trends against major changes to opioid registration and subsidy.MethodsWe obtained dispensing data from 1990 to 2014 from two sources: dispensing claims processed under Australia's national drug subsidy programme, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, including under co‐payment records from 2012; and estimates of non‐subsidized medicine use from a survey of Australian pharmacies (until 2011). Utilization was expressed in defined daily doses (DDD)/1000 population/day.ResultsOpioid dispensing increased almost four‐fold between 1990 and 2014, from 4.6 to 17.4 DDD/1000 pop/day. In 1990, weak, short‐acting or orally administered opioids accounted for over 90% of utilization. Use of long‐acting opioids increased over 17‐fold between 1990 and 2000, due primarily to the subsidy of long‐acting morphine and increased use of methadone for pain management. Between 2000 and 2011, oxycodone, fentanyl, buprenorphine, tramadol and hydromorphone use increased markedly. Use of strong opioids, long‐acting and transdermal preparations also increased, largely following the subsidy of various opioids for noncancer pain. In 2011, the most dispensed opioids were codeine (41.1% of total opioid use), oxycodone (19.7%) and tramadol (16.1%); long‐acting formulations comprised approximately half, and strong opioids 40%, of opioid dispensing.ConclusionsOpioid utilization in Australia is increasing, although these figures remain below levels reported in the US and Canada. The increased use of opioids was largely driven by the subsidy of long‐acting formulations and opioids for the treatment of noncancer pain.