bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jet ventilation in obese patients undergoing airway surgery for subglottic and tracheal stenosis
Authors: Philips Ramez , deSilva Brad , Matrka Laura 
Published: December 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess the feasibility of jet ventilation in obese patients and to compare complications of jet ventilation in obese and nonobese patients.Study DesignRetrospective review of medical records.MethodsWe reviewed 46 patient charts (70 procedures) with the diagnosis of tracheal or subglottic stenosis who underwent endoscopic surgery with jet ventilation between March 2014 and January 2017. Adequacy of jet ventilation was assessed by chest rise, avoidance of endotracheal intubation, and length of case and ventilation. Records were reviewed for demographic details, anesthesia records, and complications.ResultsIn 29/70 (41.4%) of cases, patients were obese; in 9/29 (31.0%) of these cases, patients were morbidly obese. Jet ventilation was successful in 28/29 (97%) of obese cases. In 1/29 (3.4%) of cases, the patient required alternative airway management. There were no significant differences between obese and nonobese patients in chest rise, need for endotracheal intubation, and length of surgery or ventilation (P > .05). There were 2/29 (6.9%) cases of intra‐ and postoperative complications including laryngospasm (1/29, 3.4%) and tachycardia (1/29, 3.4%). Rate of complications did not differ between obese and nonobese patients (P = .178).ConclusionsJet ventilation in obese patients can be done successfully, and complications are similar between obese patients and nonobese patients.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 1887–1892, 2018
Clade and strain specific contributions of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus to carbon export in the Sargasso Sea
Authors: De Martini Francesca , Neuer Susanne , Hamill Demetra , Robidart Julie , Lomas Michael W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe marine picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus dominate primary production in oligotrophic oceans, but their role in the particulate organic carbon (POC) flux into the deeper ocean remains unresolved. Here, we present for the first‐time data on the absolute clade and strain‐specific contribution to POC flux of two of the most abundant clades of Synechococcus (II and III) and strains of Prochlorococcus (high‐light strain MIT 9312 and low‐light strain MIT 9313) in the Sargasso Sea, by targeting the 23S‐16S rDNA internally transcribed spacer region using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. We collected seawater samples and sinking particles using shallow sediment traps during winter and summer 2012 around the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series station. Both clades of Synechococcus had a higher contribution to the total POC flux during winter compared to the summer, with both clades contributing up to 2.7% to the total winter POC flux. Prochlorococcus was more abundant during the summer, but both strains of Prochlorococcus contributed less than 0.2% to the POC flux in both seasons. We found these differences in the contribution to flux to be mainly due to the smaller size of the Prochlorococcus. In addition, the flux of Synechococcus clade III, and Prochlorococcus MIT9312 was enhanced relative to their standing stock in a cyclonic eddy sampled during winter 2012. Using quantification of genetic markers, this study establishes distinct clade‐and strain specific patterns in POC flux among the most abundant picophytoplankton groups in the Atlantic Ocean.
Thermal reaction norms of a subtropical and a tropical species of Diaphanosoma (cladocera) explain their distribution
Authors: Pajk Franja , Zhang Jiexiang , Han Bo‐Ping , Dumont Henri J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSpecies distribution boundaries are often associated with aspects of climate and modified by competitive interactions. In the tropical region, Diaphanosoma is the most diverse genus of Cladocera. Diaphanosoma dubium is widely distributed in China, whereas the tropical Diaphanosoma excisum is restricted to the islands off the south China coast. The mean temperature of the coldest month at the northern limit of its distribution is 15°C. We studied the effect of temperature (10–40°C) on life history traits of clones from 16 populations of D. dubium and D. excisum in life‐table experiments in order to determine if their thermal performance curves (TPCs) explain their distribution and to estimate the extent and mode of genetic variation in their TPCs. Our results show that both species have higher optimum temperatures (To ∼ 33°C), critical thermal minimum (CTmin = 10–15°C), and maximum (CTmax = 39–40°C) than temperate cladocerans. Clones of D. excisum had narrower TPCs and higher To than D. dubium clones, in accordance with predictions based on changes of temperature distributions with latitude. Significant levels of genetic variation in TPCs were present in both species. D. excisum had higher fitness than D. dubium at all temperatures above 15°C. However, at 15°C and below, D. dubium fitness was higher. Negative r at 15°C and below in combination with competition with the more cold‐adapted D. dubium exclude D. excisum from mainland China. TPCs of interacting species may be the basis of predicting future species distributions as temperature increases change the balance of biotic interactions.
Distribution of trace elements and the influence of major‐ion water chemistry in saline lakes
Authors: Mochizuki Akihito , Murata Takahiro , Hosoda Ko , Dulmaa Ayuriin , Ayushsuren Chananbaatar , Ganchimeg Darmaa , Drucker Valentin V. , Fialkov Vladimir A. , Depci Tolga , Üner Tijen , Oğhan Fatih , Sugiyama Masahito 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough the water chemistry in saline lakes can differ drastically due to subtle differences in inflowing water conditions, the concentrations, distributions, and geochemical behaviors of trace elements in such environments are poorly understood. In this study, the influence of major‐ion chemistry on the trace element distribution in saline lakes is examined based on major and trace element concentrations and geochemical modeling in three carbonate‐rich saline lakes located in Mongolia and Turkey. The results are compared to data reported from other carbonate‐rich and carbonate‐depleted lakes. The concentrations of U and oxyanions (V, Mo, and W) in carbonate‐rich saline lakes are several orders of magnitude higher than their contributing rivers and seawater. By contrast, their concentrations in carbonate‐depleted saline lakes are lower than those in rivers and oceans. The high U concentrations in carbonate‐rich saline lakes are possibly attributed to the formation of (magnesium–)uranyl–carbonate complexes, and the high oxyanion concentrations are likely a result of the high pH of lake water preventing them from being adsorbed onto solid phases such as suspended particulate matter and sediment. Strontium and Ba concentrations are lower in carbonate‐rich saline lakes than in river water and seawater, but relatively higher in carbonate‐depleted lakes. Incorporation into aragonite and/or calcite, adsorption onto solid phases, and formation of carbonate minerals are possible mechanisms that may account for the lower concentrations of these elements in carbonate‐rich lakes. These results help elucidate the influence of water chemistry on trace element distribution in saline lakes.
Temporal‐spatial pattern of organic carbon sequestration by Chinese lakes since 1850
Authors: Wang Mei , Wu Jianghua , Chen Huai , Yu Zicheng , Zhu Qiu'an , Peng Changhui , Anderson Nicholas John , Luan Junwei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the last century, lakes in China have been subject to forcing by climate change, intensification of agriculture, and urban expansion, though their effects on lake OC sequestration are poorly understood. We compiled dry mass and OC burial rates from 82 210Pb‐dated lake sediment records in China. The average post‐1950 focusing‐corrected lake mass accumulation rate (MARFC) of 256 ± 56 g m−2 yr−1 (median ± SE) and focusing‐corrected OC accumulation rate (CARFC) of 8 ± 3 g C m−2 yr−1 were significantly higher than the 1850–1900 rates (p < 0.05). However, the magnitude of increase in CARFC was most marked in the subtropical lakes of the East Plain (EP) and on the Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau (YG), where the post‐1950 CARFC was about three times that of the 1850–1900 (p < 0.05), due to the agricultural intensification and urban expansion in recent decades. Moreover, MARFC was significantly higher in the EP than that on the Mongolia‐Xinjiang Plateau (MX) for all time periods (p < 0.05). Lake CARFC in YG was significantly higher than rates in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) for the post‐1950 and MX for the 1850–1900 (p < 0.05). Regression analyses showed that the controls on lake CARFC varied among regions, with catchment climate variables the most important regulators in MX, Northeast China, and QTP, but the in‐lake nutrient concentrations were more important in YG and EP (p < 0.05). The results from this study show how modern limnic OC sequestration has changed with human disturbance and climate change in China.
Uncoupling indicators of water quality due to the invasive zooplankter, Bythotrephes longimanus
Authors: Walsh Jake R. , Lathrop Richard C. , Vander Zanden M. Jake 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCultural eutrophication of lakes due to excess loading of nutrients is a global problem affecting the provisioning of freshwater ecosystem services. Lake water quality is often described by trophic state indicators such as water clarity or concentrations of nutrients, chlorophyll, and cyanobacteria toxins. While these indicators are widely assumed to covary, capturing the same basic aspects of water quality, they can be uncoupled by changes in lake food webs. Outbreak of the invasive predatory zooplankton, Bythotrephes longimanus, in Lakes Mendota and Monona, Wisconsin (U.S.A.) in 2009 led to a decline in the herbivore, Daphnia pulicaria, and in turn, water clarity. We use 20‐yr datasets for Lakes Mendota and Monona to evaluate interactions among nutrients, zooplankton, and phytoplankton that resulted in this trophic cascade. After invasion, diatoms increased in both lakes resulting in reduced water clarity, whereas cyanobacteria did not change in either lake. Multivariate time series analysis revealed that D. pulicaria grazing controlled edible diatoms in both lakes. Cyanobacteria biomass was positively associated with both D. pulicaria and summer nutrient concentrations. These results further clarify the limitations of top‐down control in eutrophic lakes: grazing by zooplankton can control edible phytoplankton taxa, but largely inedible cyanobacteria may be more limited by nutrient concentrations. Accordingly, despite declining clarity in Lake Mendota, the number of beach closures due to cyanobacteria blooms declined following Bythotrephes invasion. Our study reveals how these two indicators of water quality—water clarity and cyanobacteria blooms—can become uncoupled during a food web shift.
Isothiocyanates and Xenobiotic Detoxification
Authors: Abdull Razis Ahmad Faizal , Konsue Nattaya , Ioannides Costas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe potential of isothiocyanates to antagonize the carcinogenicity of structurally diverse chemicals has been established in animals. A feasible mechanism of action involves protecting DNA by reducing the availability of the genotoxic metabolites of chemical carcinogens by either inhibiting their generation and/or stimulating their detoxification. In vivo as well as in vitro studies conducted in rat/human primary hepatocytes and precision‐cut tissue slices have revealed that isothiocyanates can impair cytochrome P450 activity, including the CYP1 family which is the most active in the bioactivation of carcinogens, by virtue of being mechanism‐based inactivators. The aromatic phenethyl isothiocyanate is the most effective of those studied, whereas aliphatic isothiocyanates such as sulforaphane and erucin necessitate high doses in order to manifest such effects that may not always be achievable through the diet. In all systems studied, isothiocyanates are strong inducers of detoxification enzyme systems including quinone reductase, glutathione S‐transferase, epoxide hydrolase, and UDP‐glucuronosyl transferase. Indeed, in smokers phenethyl isothiocyanate intake increases the urinary excretion of inactive mercapturate metabolites of toxic chemicals present in tobacco. Glucosinolates, the precursors of isothiocyanates, have also the potential to upregulate detoxification enzyme systems, but their contribution to the cancer chemoprevention linked to cruciferous vegetable consumption remains to be evaluated.
A Randomized Trial of Lorcaserin and Lifestyle Counseling for Maintaining Weight Loss Achieved with a Low‐Calorie Diet
Authors: Shaw Tronieri Jena , Wadden Thomas A. , Berkowitz Robert I. , Chao Ariana M. , Pearl Rebecca L. , Alamuddin Naji , Leonard Sharon M. , Carvajal Ray , Bakizada Zayna M. , Pinkasavage Emilie , Gruber Kathryn A. , Walsh Olivia A. , Alfaris Nasreen 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveImproving the maintenance of lost weight remains a critical challenge, which can be addressed by long‐term behavioral and/or pharmacological interventions.MethodsThis study investigated the efficacy of combined behavioral and pharmacological treatment in facilitating weight loss maintenance (WLM) in 137 adults (86.1% female; 68.6% black; BMI = 37.0 ± 5.6 kg/m2) who had lost ≥ 5% of initial weight during a 14‐week low‐calorie diet (LCD) program (mean = 9.3 ± 2.9%). Participants were randomly assigned to lorcaserin (10 mg twice a day) or placebo and were provided 16 group WLM counseling sessions over 52 weeks.ResultsAt 24 weeks post randomization, more lorcaserin‐treated than placebo‐treated participants maintained a ≥ 5% loss (73.9% vs. 57.4%; P = 0.033), and the lorcaserin‐treated participants lost an additional 2.4 ± 0.8 kg versus a 0.6 ± 0.8 kg gain for placebo (P = 0.010). However, at week 52, groups did not differ on either co‐primary outcome; 55.1% and 42.6%, respectively, maintained ≥ 5% loss (P = 0.110), with gains from randomization of 2.0 ± 0.8 kg and 2.5 ± 0.8 kg (P = 0.630), respectively. From the start of the LCD, groups maintained reductions of 7.8% and 6.6%, respectively (P = 0.318).ConclusionsCombined behavioral and pharmacological treatment produced clinically meaningful long‐term weight loss in this group of predominantly black participants. Lorcaserin initially improved upon weight loss achieved with WLM counseling, but this advantage was not maintained at 1 year.
PanCancer insights from The Cancer Genome Atlas: the pathologist's perspective
Authors: Cooper Lee AD , Demicco Elizabeth G , Saltz Joel H , Powell Reid T , Rao Arvind , Lazar Alexander J 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) represents one of several international consortia dedicated to performing comprehensive genomic and epigenomic analyses of selected tumour types to advance our understanding of disease and provide an open‐access resource for worldwide cancer research. Thirty‐three tumour types (selected by histology or tissue of origin, to include both common and rare diseases), comprising >11 000 specimens, were subjected to DNA sequencing, copy number and methylation analysis, and transcriptomic, proteomic and histological evaluation. Each cancer type was analysed individually to identify tissue‐specific alterations, and make correlations across different molecular platforms. The final dataset was then normalized and combined for the PanCancer Initiative, which seeks to identify commonalities across different cancer types or cells of origin/lineage, or within anatomically or morphologically related groups. An important resource generated along with the rich molecular studies is an extensive digital pathology slide archive, composed of frozen section tissue directly related to the tissues analysed as part of TCGA, and representative formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained diagnostic slides. These H&E image resources have primarily been used to verify diagnoses and histological subtypes with some limited extraction of standard pathological variables such as mitotic activity, grade, and lymphocytic infiltrates. Largely overlooked is the richness of these scanned images for more sophisticated feature extraction approaches coupled with machine learning, and ultimately correlation with molecular features and clinical endpoints. Here, we document initial attempts to exploit TCGA imaging archives, and describe some of the tools, and the rapidly evolving image analysis/feature extraction landscape. Our hope is to inform, and ultimately inspire and challenge, the pathology and cancer research communities to exploit these imaging resources so that the full potential of this integral platform of TCGA can be used to complement and enhance the insightful integrated analyses from the genomic and epigenomic platforms. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orientational Dependence of Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Signals in Laser-Driven Atomic Magnetometers
Authors: Colombo Simone , Dolgovskiy Vladimir , Scholtes Theo , Grujić Zoran D. , Lebedev Victor , Weis Antoine 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We have investigated the dependence of lock-in-demodulated

$$ {M}_x $$

M
x

-magnetometer signals on the orientation of the static magnetic field

$$ {\mathbf{B}}_0 $$

B
0

of interest. Magnetic resonance spectra for 2400 discrete orientations of

$$ {\mathbf{B}}_0 $$

B
0

covering a

$$ 4\pi $$

4
π

solid angle have been recorded by a PC-controlled steering and data acquisition system. Off-line fits by previously derived lineshape functions allow us to extract the relevant resonance parameters (shape, amplitude, width, and phase) and to represent their dependence on the orientation of

$$ {\mathbf{B}}_0 $$

B
0

with respect to the laser beam propagation direction. We have performed this study for two distinct

$$ {M}_x $$

M
x

-magnetometer configurations, in which the rf-field is either parallel or perpendicular to the light propagation direction. The results confirm well the algebraic theoretical model functions. We suggest that small discrepancies are related to hitherto uninvestigated atomic alignment contributions.
Hakim Mohammad: A Persian Military Surgeon in Safavid Era (1501–1736 CE)
Authors: Khodaie S‐Ali , Ghaffari Farzaneh , Zargaran Arman , Naseri Mohsen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundWars and injuries have accompanied mankind throughout history. Physicians and surgeons from various civilizations made difficult attempts to manage wounds and injuries. Among various civilizations, the Persian Empires had great armies which were well equipped. One of the most important organizations in Persian troops was the military surgery.MethodsThis study presents a brief biography of Hakim Mohammad (a military surgeon in Safavid era) and introduces his book,Dhakhira‐yi‐Kamilah.Results and DiscussionSafavid kings (1501–1736 CE) with unifying all of Persian regions and provinces reconstructed the Persian Empire. Great scholars and physicians were raised in this era. It seems that Persian physicians and surgeons were well trained in Safavid era and many of them were even employed by other countries like Ottoman Empire and India. Hakim Mohammad as a military surgeon was one of such physicians who served in Ottoman Empire for some time. He gathered his surgical experiences and others in the book ofDhakhira‐yi‐Kamilah. This book was written in Persian. He has mainly written about the management of wounds and practical techniques. Later, he came back to his homeland and dedicated his book to the king of Persia.
Chemical glycomics enrichment: imaging the recycling of sialic acid in living cells
Authors: Gilormini Pierre André , Lion Cédric , Vicogne Dorothée , Guérardel Yann , Foulquier François , Biot Christophe 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe development of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) over the past two decades enabled the bioimaging studies of glycosylation processes in physio‐pathological contexts. Herein, we successfully applied the chemical reporter strategy to image the fate of sialylated glycoconjugates in healthy and sialin‐deficient patient fibroblasts. This chemical glycomics enrichment is a powerful tool for tracking sialylated glycoconjugates and probing lysosomal recycling capacities. Thus, such strategies appear fundamental for the characterization of lysosomal storage diseases.
Custom Fabrication of a 3‐Dimensionally Printed Helmet for Improved Socialization and Subjective Self‐Assessment in a Case of Acquired Cranial Defect: A Case Presentation
Authors: Colasante Cesar , Sanford Zachary , Castro Nileyma , Bartels Matthew N. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTraumatic injury and subsequent residual cosmetic deformity are subject of intense scrutiny for their effects on objective health measures assessing patient morbidity and mortality. Although these remain principal concerns of all members of the treatment team, of less immediate yet lasting importance to the patient are the social costs of such disfigurement. Subjective feelings of unease and embarrassment can hinder social reintegration and encourage deteriorating psychosocial health. The following presents a case of one such individual who sustained traumatic brain injury and associated pneumocephalus and osteomyelitis requiring surgical debridement with bifrontal craniectomy and lobotomy. Postoperative management was cosmetically improved by the application of a custom‐fabricated, 3‐dimensionally printed helmet used in place of generic over‐the‐counter hardware, and the associated improvement reported in patient satisfaction is reported.Level of EvidenceV
Espondilectomia para sarcoma lombar primário de Ewing em crianças
Authors: Oliveira Carolina , Vital Luísa , Serdoura Francisco , Pinho André Rodrigues , Veludo Vitorino 
Published: December 2017

ResumoO sarcoma de Ewing da coluna vertebral é raro, e seu tratamento é multidisciplinar. Não há consenso sobre o método ideal de controle local do tumor; no entanto, a ressecção em bloco com margens negativas está associada a uma melhora da sobrevida. Os autores relatam um caso de uma paciente de 5 anos do sexo feminino que inicialmente se apresentou com dor lombar, tendo sido diagnosticada com sarcoma de Ewing de acordo com o estudo imagiológico por radiograﬁa, ressonância magnética e biópsia óssea. A paciente foi submetida a vertebrectomia após quimioterapia, de acordo com o protocolo Euro Ewing. Aos três anos de seguimento, não apresentou restrições nas atividades da vida diária, e, até o momento, não houve evidência de recidiva.