bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic Variables Are Associated with Differing Perceptions of a Broad Range of Public Library Benefits
Authors: Sharun Sara 
Published: June 2016

Objective – To determine the frequency and nature of perceived beneficial outcomes of public libraries on individuals, and to identify demographic differences in these perceived outcomes.

Design – Self-administered, online questionnaire asking respondents to rate the frequency of benefits they received from public libraries in 22 areas of life including education, work, and business; everyday activities; and leisure activities.

Setting – United States of America.

Subjects – 1010 respondents from 49 states: 50% female, 76% white, 55% urban or suburban.
Methods – Correspondence analysis was used to visualize relationships between demographic variables and perceived outcomes. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify structures among the outcomes and summarize data into three core dimensions: everyday activities and interests; reading and self-education; and work and formal education. Multiway ANOVAs were used to test the significance of demographic differences on perceived outcomes.

Main Results – The most highly ranked areas of perceived benefits were reading fiction and non-fiction, self-education during leisure time, interest in history or society, and health. Outdoor activities, exercise, and sport ranked the lowest. Respondents in younger age groups reported benefits in “education and work,” as did ethnic minorities and people with lower household incomes. “Everyday life” benefits were reported by male, suburban, White, middle-income respondents. “Reading and self-education” benefits were reported by high-income, older age groups, White, and female respondents. Two demographic groups did not correspond to any benefit categories: those who did not graduate high school and those over age 65.

Conclusion – There are significant differences among demographic groups in how the benefits of public libraries are perceived, and these demographic differences have implications for program planning, marketing, and outreach in public libraries. Specifically, libraries should work to increase and improve service to less-advantaged groups, including low-income earners and ethnic minorities, and make available more services and resources relevant to older people.
Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: demographic data and risk factors
Authors: Pala-Sadza Agata , Lisowska Grażyna 
Published: June 2016

WstępNagła idiopatyczna głuchota jest objawem nieprawidłowego działania ucha wewnętrznego. Opisuje się ją jako odbiorcze upośledzenie słuchu powyżej 30 dB, powstające w ciągu 72 godzin, obejmujące przynajmniej 3 sąsiednie częstotliwości. Retrospektywnie analizowano okoliczności wystąpienia nagłej głuchoty, oceniano czynniki demograficzne oraz analizowano wpływ chorób towarzyszących na występowanie incydentów nagłej głuchoty.MateriałGrupa badana liczyła 60 pacjentów, w tym 34 (56,7%) kobiety i 26 (43,3%) mężczyzn (średnia wieku 43,4 ± 11,7 lat). Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 160 pacjentów oddziału laryngologicznego i przychodni laryngologicznej, zgłaszających się z różnymi chorobami laryngologicznymi z wyłączeniem schorzeń narządu słuchu. Grupa kontrolna liczyła 79 (49,4%) kobiet i 81 (50,6%) mężczyzn (średnia wieku 45,0 ± 15,8 lat).WynikiAnalizowano dane demograficzne, wpływ pory roku, dnia na wystąpienie nagłej głuchoty. Analizowano wpływ chorób ogólnoustrojowych oraz oceniano parametry krwi.WnioskiWyniki badań pozwoliły na stwierdzenie, iż szybciej zgłaszają się po pomoc medyczną pacjenci z wyższym poziomem wykształcenia niż pacjenci z niższym poziomem edukacji. Bez wpływu pozostają BMI, płeć oraz wiek. Analizy ujawniły, iż istotny wpływ na częstość występowania nagłej głuchoty mają choroby metaboliczne. Ujawniono stan zapalny naczyń ślimaka.
Regular el juego para prevenir la adicción: hoy más necesario que nunca
Authors: Chóliz Mariano , Saiz-Ruiz Jerónimo 
Published: June 2016

En mayo de 2013 apareció la quinta edición de la clasificación de los trastornos mentales (DSM-5) de la American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2013), en la cual se incluye el trastorno de juego dentro de la categoría de trastornos adictivos, que es algo que era demandado desde hace décadas desde los ámbitos clínicos, sociales y científicos. El juego de azar, que según la propia APA tiene la misma consideración que las drogas o el alcohol en cuanto a la activación de los circuitos cerebrales de recompensa y a las consecuencias clínicas del trastorno del juego, no tiene, sin embargo, esa consideración desde el principal ámbito desde donde se debe llevar a cabo la prevención de la adicción, que es en los poderes públicos.El trabajo que presentamos es una propuesta de regulación del juego para llevar a cabo desde la Administración mediante acciones de gobierno que competen a diferentes niveles de la misma (estatal, autonómico e incluso local), con el objetivo final de prevenir la adicción al juego. Dicha propuesta ha sido presentada tanto a la Dirección General de Ordenación del Juego como a la Cámara del Congreso de los Diputados, esta última en el marco de la Comisión Mixta Congreso-Senado para el Estudio del Problema de las Drogas. En este trabajo se defiende la propuesta de regulación desde la evidencia que proporcionan los estudios científicos en materia de prevención de las adicciones.
Impulsividad en varones con prescripción de benzodiacepinas y metadona en prisión
Authors: Moreno-Ramos Luis , Fernández-Serrano María José , Pérez-García Miguel , Verdejo-García Antonio 
Published: June 2016

El consumo de benzodiacepinas y metadona se ha asociado a diversas alteraciones neuropsicológicas. Sin embargo, no conocemos estudios sobre el efecto de estas sustancias tanto de forma separada como de forma combinada en rasgos de personalidad impulsiva, y en menor medida en población penitenciaria. El objetivo principal de este estudio es examinar la impulsividad rasgo, medida con el Cuestionario de Sensibilidad al Castigo Sensibilidad a la Recompensa (Torrubia, Avila, Moltó y Caseras, 2001), y la escala de Evaluación del Comportamiento Impulsivo UPPS-P (Cyders et al., 2007), en una muestra de 134 varones de un centro penitenciario con consumo de metadona, metadona y benzodiacepinas, abstinentes de consumo, y no dependientes del consumo de sustancias (criterios DSM-IV). Los resultados mostraron que los grupos de consumidores presentan mayor sensibilidad a la recompensa, urgencia positiva, urgencia negativa y búsqueda de sensaciones que los no consumidores; los grupos de consumo de metadona presentan mayor sensibilidad al castigo y falta de perseverancia. El grupo de no consumidores presenta menor falta de perseverancia que el grupo de metadona y el grupo de metadona+benzodiacepinas. No se han encontrado diferencias específicamente del grupo de metadona+benzodiacepinas con el resto de los grupos. Como objetivo secundario, examinar, mediante análisis factorial exploratorio, qué dimensiones de personalidad impulsiva se relacionan con los dos sistemas motivacionales propuestos por Gray (SIC-SAC). Los resultados mostraron un componente definido por las subescalas sensibilidad al refuerzo, urgencia positiva, urgencia negativa y búsqueda de sensaciones, y un segundo definido por las subescalas sensibilidad al castigo, falta de perseverancia y falta de premeditación.
Riser Life Cycle Monitoring System Undergoes Initial Research Phase
Authors: Long Roy 
Published: June 2016

Technology Update
The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) supports a wide range of research and development (R&D) projects to develop technology for enhancing deepwater capabilities and improving safety and protection of the environment.
Much of this work has taken place under the auspices of the Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America, a nonprofit agency funded by NETL, which initiates and manages R&D through industry and academic consortia that supply funding in kind with the provision of resources and materials. Among the recently completed deepwater projects is Phase I of an assessment and design of a riser life cycle management system (RLMS).
The project was conducted by a team at GE Global Research under the direction of principal investigator Judith Guzzo. The two-phase project is aimed at developing an integrated, reliable, and commercially viable solution for a realtime, telemetry-based marine RLMS.
The RLMS is an integrated system of hardware and software tools composed of sensors located on select riser joints, wireless subsea communication between the vessel and select instrumented risers, and software for data collection, processing, riser fatigue analysis, visualization, and alerts for enhanced operational decision making. Although the initial focus is on drilling risers, this technology may be transferrable to production risers.
The initial results of Phase I, which focus on the RLMS technical solution design, development, and risk retirement, are summarized. Initial end-user requirements for an integrated structural riser monitoring system design were obtained using information collected from drilling contractors, an offshore classification society, and experts on riser engineering and manufacturing.
Using the Six Sigma method, this input was translated into preliminary user requirements for an RLMS system and functional design specifications for select subsystems using a quality function deployment (QFD) tool.
Summary of Project
The key RLMS subsystems are radio frequency identification (RFID), subsea sensors, acoustic communication, vibration and fatigue analysis, topside software, and architecture. Operational considerations such as the installation and maintenance of the RLMS system are also considered.
Following industry input analyses, a Pareto diagram of prioritized system requirements for an RLMS system (Fig. 1) highlights the key attributes of a successful system design that will be accepted by the industry (e.g., an easy, tetherless installation that does not interfere with existing riser operations).
Cost/Benefit Analysis
As a part of Phase II, a rigorous cost/benefit analysis will be conducted to quantitatively assess whether the potential system users, public and private enterprises, and government agencies would experience a net benefit from the proposed RLMS solution. A systematic estimation will be made of all benefits and costs in comparison with alternative options.
Advances Needed to Untether AUVs From Support Vessels
Authors: Betz Jack 
Published: June 2016

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
For years, the oil and gas industry has used autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for simple tasks such as underwater surveys and inspection. However, because of their technical limitations, AUVs have not been able to compete with remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), which are already standard equipment for most offshore projects.
While the market for AUVs remains modest, they are being used in deepwater oil and gas plays around the world. “AUVs are not a commodity yet, but they are getting there,” said Richard Mills, AUV sales manager at Kongsberg Maritime. He added that one Kongsberg customer has a long-term AUV contract with Petrobras for the use of two vehicles offshore Brazil.
High-resolution Large-area seabed surveys are the oil and gas industry’s primary use for AUVs today, said Mills. Although shiptowed sonar arrays have been used for decades in ocean floor mapping, the sensors cannot reach the absolute bottom in many cases.
On the other hand, AUVs can glide just a few meters above the ocean floor to create higher-quality images of the seabed and subsurface.
Despite some unique advantages, the power, communications, and launch-and-recovery systems of AUVs will need improvements in order to make the leap from rig jewelry to a trusted tool.
Extended Missions
To fully take advantage of an AUV’s tetherless capabilities, users must be able to operate the vehicle for longer periods of time before needing to bring it to the surface for recharging or recovery. Without advances in this area, the nagging question will be, “Why not use an ROV instead?”
Liquid Robotics’ Wave Glider is an extreme example of AUV endurance. Able to harness energy from the movement of water and from a floating solar panel on the surface, Wave Gliders can travel for months without human intervention. They have even crossed oceans by themselves. But these vehicles travel very slowly and do not operate more than 100 ft below the surface.
Propeller-driven AUVs, the main class used for oil and gas operations, have more power-intensive propulsion methods and tend to be much heavier than gliders. The most common power sources for light workclass vehicles, such as Kongsberg’s torpedo-shaped Hugin line, are rechargeable lithium ion batteries.
Each year, new variations of lithium- based batteries are developed and tested, each with slightly better chemistry, but so far, they have offered only incremental improvements.
Daniel Gomez-Ibanez, an engineer at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), said that most propeller-driven AUVs have functional battery lives of 1 to 2 days, even though the total battery life of some are listed as long as 60 hours.
Q&A with Mayank Ashar, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Cairn India
Authors: Henni Abdelghani 
Published: June 2016

Q&A
Mayank Ashar is the managing director and chief executive officer (CEO) of Cairn India. He has more than 36 years of experience in the international oil and gas industry. He previously served in various senior management and top leadership roles in global organizations such as BP, Petro-Canada, and Suncor Energy. He also served as the CEO and president of Irving Oil. In recognition of his operational excellence and large-scale project management leadership in the oil sands project with Suncor Energy, Ashar was named the “Operations Executive of the Year” by the Canadian Business magazine in 2003. Ashar holds bachelor’s degrees in chemical engineering and philosophy and economics, and master’s degrees in engineering and business administration from the University of Toronto.
What are Cairn India’s major projects?
Cairn India is one of the largest oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) companies in India, contributing approximately 27% of India’s domestic crude oil production. With our affiliates, we have been operating for more than 2 decades, playing an active role in developing India’s oil and gas resources.
Our discovery of the Mangala field, the largest onshore crude oil discovery in India in more than 2 decades, opened up the prolific Rajasthan block. Since the resumption of exploration in 2013, Cairn India has made more than 12 discoveries. The total discoveries in Rajasthan alone are 37.
The Rajasthan block is situated in the Barmer basin. The block contributed about 23% of India’s domestic crude oil production in FY 2015 [from April 2014 to March 2015]. To maximize the potential of the block and enhance ultimate recovery, Cairn India has initiated one of the world’s largest polymer flood EOR [enhanced oil recovery] programs in the Mangala field, which is the largest discovery made in the block to date.
The polymer injection has started and is expected to lead to an increase in production from the field in FY 2016. There are plans to implement similar floods in the other two major fields, Bhagyam and Aishwariya. Apart from its oil reserves, there is a significant gas resource potential in our Rajasthan block.
Together with our joint venture partner Oil and Natural Gas Corp. (ONGC), Cairn India is working toward creating appropriate infrastructure to monetize the gas potential, aiming to double gas production over this fiscal year. In addition, we have plans to drill 42 wells over the next 3 years and build a new processing terminal to increase production to approximately 100 million scf/D. The management committee has approved the Raageshwari deep gas field development plan for 100 million scf/D and contracting for this project is currently under way.
Technology Focus: Unconventional Resources (July 2015)
Authors: Chipperfield Simon 
Published: June 2016

Technology Focus
At this time in the industry, it is worth reflecting on what drove Steve Jobs, who was one of the most inspirational and innovative thinkers of recent times.
Apple’s chief design officer, John Ive, had this to say about Jobs: “The defeat of cynicism. The rejection of reason. The rejection of being told 100 times, ‘You can’t do that.’ So his, I think, was a victory for beauty, for purity. And as he would say, ‘for giving a damn.’ ”
With the industry downturn, the same resolve is necessary to find the technical solution that allows the unconventional business to thrive despite severe economic headwinds. And the past is evidence of our capabilities.
In the mid-1990s, with low gas prices, ultratight gas was developed from vertical wells. Water-fracturing technology was developed in this economic environment. The large volumes of proppant previously used were proved not to be necessary in many reservoirs. Significant cost savings were the result, without noticeable effect on production. In this low-gas-price environment, fracture-staging methods were also developed that were cost effective and promoted operational efficiency, such as induced stress diversion. As gas prices improved in the early 2000s, the number of fracture stages increased. Methods such as flow-through fracture plugs were promoted, which, while costing more, led to more-effective cleanup and recovery. Finally, as gas prices continued to increase in the 2000s, horizontal wells increased dramatically in shale gas and then in shale oil.
History shows that technology adapts to the economic conditions. The optimum technology in a high-price environment is not optimum for a low-price scenario. The only limit to unconventional development is our imagination.
So, with a dramatic drop in oil price, unconventional-reservoir development is again ripe for innovation. The path to developing these new technologies requires a sustained focus on innovation and resilience to potential early setbacks.
“And when the ideas didn’t come,” Ive continued about Jobs, “and when the prototypes failed, it was with great intent, with faith, he decided to believe we would eventually make something great.”
Do you have the faith? JPT
Technology Focus: CO2 Applications
Authors: Grigg Reid B. 
Published: June 2016

Technology Focus
I have been working in the petroleum industry for more than 35 years now. As I reviewed papers for this feature, I reminisced about a couple of events in my early career. First, as I was looking through petroleum journals, an article on the pending oil shortage caught my interest. The author outlined how, at current or increasing production rates, current development scenarios, and current prospective of new discoveries, oil production would soon peak. Thus, with increasing oil demand, a world oil shortage was imminent. The author did not believe there were any significant unexplored oil-bearing regions that could arrest the upcoming demise. This article was written in the early 1920s. This was not the last such article in the last 100 years. The combination of technology advances and world politics results in oil supply-and-demand cycles that have occurred repeatedly over the past 100 years and that have affected and will continue to affect our careers.
Second, about the same time 30 years ago, I was taught a timely lesson. As we were forging ahead in carbon dioxide (CO2)/oil/brine phase-behavior research at reservoir conditions, I was explaining some of our advances to a company colleague. He had been with the company for about 20 years, and I was delighted that he seemed so interested as he listened and asked pertinent questions. He then related how he had worked in an earlier enhanced-oil-recovery group that had been disbanded because of low oil prices. The irony of this was that I had not known of the existing corporate knowledge in my area of research. If I had, it would have saved some time, advancing our work.
These events both show the importance of documenting work and reviewing the literature. Not only knowledge of recent advances, but a historical perspective is important for significant advances in the industry. I commend SPE for its many conferences and other forums for technology transfer and for the conference policy of “no paper, no podium.” This is not the case in many scientific and engineering societies. This policy provides volumes of information that would otherwise not be publicly documented and also a multitude of manuscripts from which papers for peer review can be selected.
Papers related to CO2 applications in the literature this year covered a variety of topics from nanolevel investigations to full-scale field development, representing the international extent of SPE and including subjects such as reservoir fracturing, enhanced oil recovery, and carbon storage. The following pages summarize four articles that highlight activities related to CO2 applications. These articles represent the variety, advances, and constants that continue in the use of CO2 to improve petroleum-industry results. JPT
The Use of Reservoir Simulation in Deterministic Proved-Reserves Estimation
Authors: Jones A. D. , Denelle F. R. , Lee W. J. , MacDonald D. G. , Seiller B. J. 
Published: June 2016

Summary
This paper proposes an approach for assessing a reservoir-simulation model for use in estimating reserves. A simulation model can integrate complex static data, the physical description of displacement processes, production constraints, and schedules. Hence, it can provide important information for business decisions and reserves estimation. Confidence in simulation predictions depends on the strength of evidence for the input data, quality control of the model, robustness of the history match, and whether there is independent evidence supporting predictions. We explain the principles for evaluating a simulation model and propose requirements for simulation predictions to be considered as proved reserves. This involves evaluation against different strands of evidence, such as static and dynamic characterization, wells and facilities description, reservoir performance, and analogs. Simulation models are often built to support business decisions by use of the best technical estimates for inputs. There can be instances where a simulation model may be reasonable and reliable but it only represents a “best technical” outcome. There may not be sufficient evidence to count the whole predicted recovery as proved reserves. We propose how such a model may be modified to also provide proved-reserves estimates. The approach can be used with different available data and at different stages of field life. It is illustrated through a case study that shows how the principles may be applied.