bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The strategic role of biotics in dental caries prevention: A scoping review
Authors: Banakar Morteza , Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira , Etemad‐Moghadam Shahroo , Frankenberger Roland , Pourhajibagher Maryam , Mehran Majid , Yazdi Mohammad Hossein , Haghgoo Roza , Alaeddini Mojgan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDental caries is a global oral health issue that is prevalent and preventable. Biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, and postbiotics) are recommended as low‐cost methods for preventing dental caries. This scoping review aimed to critically review the scientific evidence concerning the role of biotics in caries prevention and maintaining oral health benefits. A systematic search was conducted in several databases from 2012 onward, using specific keywords. The search resulted in 69 articles. While there is limited research on the mechanism of biotics in preventing caries, numerous studies have investigated the impacts of probiotics on decreasing caries risk factors. Probiotics can reduce cariogenic bacteria, reduce acidogenic bacteria, increase pH, and produce antimicrobial compounds. Probiotics can be used as a therapeutic approach to manage caries by restoring eubiosis at the host–microbial interface, which may not be accomplished with traditional therapies. Its positive effect on reducing dental caries is influenced by the choice of potent probiotic strains, appropriate dosage, treatment period, vehicle, and microbial interaction with the host. Specific oral bacteria have also been shown to utilize prebiotics such as urea and arginine, increasing pH levels. This highlights the potential of combining prebiotic and probiotic bacteria for caries prevention. In addition, this review is focused on bacterial‐derived compounds, namely postbiotics, due to their valuable effects in preventing caries. Biotics have demonstrated potential in preventing dental caries and maintaining oral health. Further research is needed to optimize their use and explore the potential of postbiotics for caries prevention.
Neonatal sex and maternal factors associated with small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Fu Pei‐Han , Yu Chia‐Hung , Chung Hao‐Wei , Wu Pei‐Hua , Huang Chiao‐Yun , Liang Fu‐Wen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsSmall‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) newborns have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Recognizing the risk factors for SGA helps raise early awareness of the issue and provides valuable insights for both healthcare providers and pregnant women. We aimed to identify determinants of SGA using population‐based databases in Taiwan.MethodsData were retrieved from the National Health Insurance, Birth Reporting, and Maternal and Child Health databases for this nationwide case‐control study. Live births between 20 and 44 weeks of gestation from 2005 to 2014 were enrolled and linked to their mothers to determine maternal conditions during pregnancy. For every SGA newborn, four controls matched by gestational age and birth year were randomly selected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for SGA, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) accounting for potential confounders and interaction terms.ResultsA total of 158,405 live SGA births were identified, with 623,584 controls randomly selected. Independent risk factors for SGA included maternal age <20 years (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.62, 1.75); female sex in newborns (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.27, 1.30); socioeconomic deprivation (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.21, 1.38); hypertension (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.52, 1.67); kidney disorders (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.16, 1.44); thyroid disorders (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09, 1.17); systemic lupus erythematosus (aOR 2.59, 95% CI 2.33, 2.89); antiphospholipid syndrome (aOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.64, 2.64); gestational hypertension (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.61, 1.76); pre‐eclampsia (aOR 3.12, 95% CI 3.01, 3.25); and antepartum hemorrhage (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03, 1.07) after adjustment for other covariates.ConclusionsSGA was associated with younger maternal age, female newborns, underlying comorbidities, and obstetric conditions. Gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia were significant risk factors affecting infants of both sexes and all age groups and could mask the effects of maternal age and infant sex.
Teaching trainees to implement functional communication training with multiple schedules: An evaluation of training effects and durability
Authors: Yassa Rana R. , Mitteer Daniel R. , Greer Brian D. , Angley Shannon M. , McCabe Liam H. , Elwasli Omar M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of behavioral skills training on improving participant implementation of functional communication training with multiple schedules when working with a confederate. Behavioral skills training produced mastery‐level responding for all six participants who required training, providing the first empirically supported training for this functional communication training approach. Next, we assessed durability during training challenges with (a) procedural changes to the original protocol, (b) a novel confederate with different discriminative stimuli and reinforcers, and (c) relapsed confederate destructive behavior. Training effects degraded at least once for all participants and in 62% of training challenges, although continuing to expose the participant to the challenging situations or providing postsession booster training resolved the degradation in most cases. We discuss these findings in relation to their clinical implications and directions for future research.
The Innovative Role of Nuclear Receptor Interaction Protein in Orchestrating Invadosome Formation for Myoblast Fusion
Authors: Chen Hsin‐Hsiung , Lin Chia‐Yang , Han Ya‐Ju , Huang Yun‐Hsin , Liu Yi‐Hsiang , Hsu Wan‐En , Tsai Li‐Kai , Lai Hsing‐Jung , Tsao Yeou‐Ping , Huang Hsiang‐Po , Chen Show‐Li 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNuclear receptor interaction protein (NRIP) is versatile and engages with various proteins to execute its diverse biological function. NRIP deficiency was reported to cause small myofibre size in adult muscle regeneration, indicating a crucial role of NRIP in myoblast fusion.MethodsThe colocalization and interaction of NRIP with actin were investigated by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assay, respectively. The participation of NRIP in myoblast fusion was demonstrated by cell fusion assay and time‐lapse microscopy. The NRIP mutants were generated for mechanism study in NRIP‐null C2C12 (termed KO19) cells and muscle‐specific NRIP knockout (NRIP cKO) mice. A GEO profile database was used to analyse NRIP expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients.ResultsIn this study, we found that NRIP directly and reciprocally interacted with actin both in vitro and in cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the endogenous NRIP colocalized with components of invadosome, such as actin, Tks5, and cortactin, at the tips of cells during C2C12 differentiation. The KO19 cells were generated and exhibited a significant deficit in myoblast fusion compared with wild‐type C2C12 cells (3.16% vs. 33.67%, p < 0.005). Overexpressed NRIP in KO19 cells could rescue myotube formation compared with control (3.37% vs. 1.00%, p < 0.01). We further confirmed that NRIP directly participated in cell fusion by using a cell–cell fusion assay. We investigated the mechanism of invadosome formation for myoblast fusion, which depends on NRIP–actin interaction, by analysing NRIP mutants in NRIP‐null cells. Loss of actin‐binding of NRIP reduced invadosome (enrichment ratio, 1.00 vs. 2.54, p < 0.01) and myotube formation (21.82% vs. 35.71%, p < 0.05) in KO19 cells and forced NRIP expression in KO19 cells and muscle‐specific NRIP knockout (NRIP cKO) mice increased myofibre size compared with controls (over 1500 μm2, 61.01% vs. 20.57%, p < 0.001). We also found that the NRIP mRNA level was decreased in DMD patients compared with healthy controls (18 072 vs. 28 289, p < 0.001, N = 10 for both groups).ConclusionsNRIP is a novel actin‐binding protein for invadosome formation to induce myoblast fusion.
Incidence and dynamics of mobility device use among community‐dwelling older adults in the United States
Authors: Liu Xinran , Baumann Sara E. , Rosso Andrea L. , Venditti Elizabeth M. , Yao Yao , Albert Steven M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMobility devices are crucial in enhancing activities and participation for individuals with mobility disability, particularly among the rapidly expanding population of older adults worldwide. This paper explores patterns of mobility device use among a nationally representative cohort of community‐dwelling older adults in the United States, using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) waves 1–9 (2011–2019). Our descriptive analysis focuses on the characteristics of incident mobility device use, its influencing factors, and related user experiences, aligning with the NHATS late‐life disability framework. Mobility devices were categorized into walking aids (WAs), wheeled and seated mobility devices (WSMDs), and mixed use of both. We identified 2,943 incidents of mobility device use among 2,591 participants, spanning 47,722 person‐years in community settings, yielding an incidence rate of 61.7 per 1,000 person‐years. Over half (51.3%) of mobility device use ended in 1 year, with WAs being the predominantly used (63.8%). About one‐third (30.5%) of these incidents involved a change in device combinations, with a notable shift towards WSMDs and mixed use over time. We found that older adults using WSMDs or changing their device combinations were in a more vulnerable state, while those using mixed devices or changing their device combinations experienced poorer user experiences. This study advocates for the implementation of rental and recycling programs, the involvement of NGOs and professional associations, and the adoption of flexible policies responding to the dynamic patterns of mobility device use among community‐dwelling older adults. It also recommends expanding services to better serve vulnerable subgroups.
Exploring vision transformers for classifying early Barrett's dysplasia in endoscopic images: A pilot study on white‐light and narrow‐band imaging
Authors: Tan Jin L , Pitawela Dileepa , Chinnaratha Mohamed A , Beany Andrawus , Aguila Enrik J , Chen Hsiang‐Ting , Carneiro Gustavo , Singh Rajvinder 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimVarious deep learning models, based on convolutional neural network (CNN), have been shown to improve the detection of early esophageal neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Vision transformer (ViT), derived from natural language processing, has emerged as the new state‐of‐the‐art for image recognition, outperforming predecessors such as CNN. This pilot study explores the use of ViT to classify the presence or absence of early esophageal neoplasia in endoscopic images of Barrett's esophagus.MethodsA BO dataset of 1918 images of Barrett's esophagus from 267 unique patients was used. The images were classified as dysplastic (D‐BO) or non‐dysplastic (ND‐BO). A pretrained vision transformer model, ViTBase16, was used to develop our classifier models. Three ViT models were developed for comparison based on imaging modality: white‐light imaging (WLI), narrow‐band imaging (NBI), and combined modalities. Performance of each model was evaluated based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, confusion matrices, and receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsThe ViT models demonstrated the following performance: WLI‐ViT (Accuracy: 92%, Sensitivity: 82%, Specificity: 95%), NBI‐ViT (Accuracy: 99%, Sensitivity: 97%, Specificity: 99%), and combined modalities‐ViT (Accuracy: 93%, Sensitivity: 87%, Specificity: 95%). Combined modalities‐ViT showed greater accuracy (94% vs 90%) and sensitivity (80% vs 70%) compared with WLI‐ViT when classifying WLI images on a subgroup testing set.ConclusionViT exhibited high accuracy in classifying the presence or absence of EON in endoscopic images of Barrett's esophagus. ViT has the potential to be widely applicable to other endoscopic diagnoses of gastrointestinal diseases.
Syntheses of 2,4‐Substituted Quinazolines via One‐Pot Three‐Component Reactions Based on Manganese Dioxide/tert‐Butyl Hydrogen Peroxide Co‐Oxidation Using Alcohols
Authors: Wang Yihong , Huang Sheng , Chen Xuehua , Zhu Haibo , Le Zhanggao , Xie Zongbo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTQuinazolines and their derivatives occur in various natural products and pharmaceuticals, and thus, various methods of synthesizing quinazolines have been explored. They have traditionally been synthesized via two‐component reactions, but these strategies often suffer from the unavailability of the starting materials and limited substrate scopes. To overcome these problems, three‐component reactions using additional N sources were developed. Aldehydes were initially used in these reactions, but alcohols are greener and less toxic than aldehydes. However, the previously reported methods involving the use of alcohols require the utilization of transition metal catalysts, ultrahigh temperatures, and extended durations. Thus, an efficient, practical method of synthesizing quinazolines using alcohol is desirable. A facile one‐pot three‐component method of synthesizing quinazolines utilizing alcohols, 2‐aminobenzoketones, and ammonium acetate is reported for the first time, using active MnO2 and tert‐butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) as synergistic oxidants. MnO2 and TBHP play dual roles: First, they oxidize the alcohol to the aldehyde and then facilitate the transformation of the intermediate into the product. During alcohol oxidation, the synergistic effect of MnO2 and TBHP is particularly evident. The aldehydes generated in situ via alcohol oxidation undergo immediate subsequent reactions, thereby minimizing their volatilization and side reactions, such as oxidation and polymerization.
Discovery of Combustion‐Like in‐Source Oxidation of Linear Saturated Hydrocarbons Using GC‐APCI‐HRMS
Authors: Brown Lindsay P. , Seaton Wesley B. , Powers Joshua B. , Campagna Shawn R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAtmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is often used in the analysis of linear saturated hydrocarbons (LSHs) as this ionization technique commonly produces [M − H]+ ions in high abundance. However, APCI (along with other atmospheric pressure sources) is often impacted by in‐source oxidation, leading to a variety of ionic products. Identifying these products and understanding their mechanisms of formation is crucial for characterizing complex mixtures with substantial hydrocarbon content, such as those found in the petrochemical industry. In this study, in‐source oxidation of LSHs was observed in gas chromatography (GC) coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) via a custom‐built APCI interface. Studies showed that the abundance of these oxidized ions correlated positively with atmospheric water, yet occurred without the inclusion of water‐based oxygen as judged by experiments with stable isotope‐labeled water. The oxidation of LSHs was further influenced by the reactive species in the ionization atmosphere. Fragmentation data using stable isotope‐labeled LSH standards unveiled multiple structurally unique ions with one or more oxidation sites on both primary and secondary carbons. These ionic products bear resemblance to combustion byproducts, suggesting the instrumental configuration fosters plasma‐assisted combustion‐like processes that encourage the radical‐mediated oxidation of LSHs rather than generate [M − H]+. Through these investigative efforts, a mechanism analogous to combustion was proposed for the formation of LSH oxidation products in GC‐APCI‐HRMS. Data demonstrate that these ions are robustly generated in petrochemical products, allowing for proper characterization of these complex mixtures.
Divergent autoantibody and cytokine levels in COVID‐19 sepsis patients influence survival
Authors: Kühn Daniel , Heinen Natalie , Sutter Kathrin , Herrmann Simon T. , Nocke Maximilian K. , Todt Daniel , Burbelo Peter D. , Steinmann Eike , Ziehe Dominik , Koos Björn , Adamzik Michael , Putensen Christian , Zarbock Alexander , Gravemann Ute , Jork Christine , Pfaender Stephanie ,   SepsisDataNet.NRW and CovidDataNet.NRW research group
Published: September 2024

AbstractStudies have pointed to a decisive role of autoantibodies in the context of sepsis and severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which itself often fulfills the criteria for sepsis, including dysregulated immune responses and organ dysfunction. To directly compare and further analyze the autoantibody profiles of sepsis patients with and without COVID‐19, the luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS) assay was used to measure the levels of autoantibodies against a variety of clinically relevant cytokines, lung‐associated proteins, other autoantigens, and antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). In addition, cytokine titers were measured with the LEGENDplex™ Human Antivirus Response Panel. We observed significantly increased levels of autoantibodies in 59% of the COVID‐19‐Sepsis group compared to 48% of the Sepsis group. Significant differences were identified between the groups for the levels of autoantibodies against gATPase. The cytokine levels of interferon (IFN)‐λ1 and IP‐10 were higher in the COVID‐19‐Sepsis group compared to the Sepsis group. Additional correlations between autoantibodies, cytokines and 30‐day survival could be demonstrated, suggesting varied underlying pathological mechanisms. Elevated levels of cytokines and autoantibodies may serve as prognostic indicators for the survival probability of sepsis patients, highlighting the intricate relationship between immune responses and patient outcomes in the context of both sepsis and COVID‐19.
Uncertain about uncertainty in matching‐adjusted indirect comparisons? A simulation study to compare methods for variance estimation
Authors: Chandler Conor O. , Proskorovsky Irina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn health technology assessment, matching‐adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) is the most common method for pairwise comparisons that control for imbalances in baseline characteristics across trials. One of the primary challenges in MAIC is the need to properly account for the additional uncertainty introduced by the matching process. Limited evidence and guidance are available on variance estimation in MAICs. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study to evaluate the performance of different statistical methods across 108 scenarios. Four general approaches for variance estimation were compared in both anchored and unanchored MAICs of binary and time‐to‐event outcomes: (1) conventional estimators (CE) using raw weights; (2) CE using weights rescaled to the effective sample size (ESS); (3) robust sandwich estimators; and (4) bootstrapping. Several variants of sandwich estimators and bootstrap methods were tested. Performance was quantified on the basis of empirical coverage probabilities for 95% confidence intervals and variability ratios. Variability was underestimated by CE + raw weights when population overlap was poor or moderate. Despite several theoretical limitations, CE + ESS weights accurately estimated uncertainty across most scenarios. Original implementations of sandwich estimators had a downward bias in MAICs with a small ESS, and finite sample adjustments led to marked improvements. Bootstrapping was unstable if population overlap was poor and the sample size was limited. All methods produced valid coverage probabilities and standard errors in cases of strong population overlap. Our findings indicate that the sample size, population overlap, and outcome type are important considerations for variance estimation in MAICs.
Mechanism Underlying the Influence of Family Travel on Adolescent Self‐Differentiation: A Social Learning Theory Perspective
Authors: Tang Jinwen , Xiang Xu , Wang Jingna , Schänzel Heike 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMost tourism studies have investigated adolescent experiences and their subjective feelings toward family travel. However, the research regarding how family travel influences adolescent mental development is still fragmented. To fill this research gap, this study used social learning theory and a grounded theory approach to explore the identity development and self‐growth of 12 adolescents from families in China with family travel experiences. Taking a child‐centered and participatory approach, the adolescents and their parents (one per family) were interviewed. The data indicated that the away‐from‐home of family travel could lead adolescents to undergo internalization‐based learning as a stress response; such learning could increase adolescents' self‐differentiation by improving their self‐efficacy and enable behavioral growth and achievement. This study developed a new theory for social learning, that is environment–cognition–stress response–behavior, and the mechanisms underlying the influence of family travel on adolescent self‐differentiation emerged. This study provides theoretical contributions useful in the development of family travel experiences and products.
Connectivity between Siberian river runoff and the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Gjelstrup Caroline V. B. , Myers Paul G. , Lee Craig M. , Azetsu‐Scott Kumiko , Stedmon Colin A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFreshwater from the Arctic participates in the globally important Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). We use high‐resolution, in situ observations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence to trace the origins of freshwater and organic carbon in the densest component of the AMOC, namely Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW). We find a distinct terrestrial DOM signal in DSOW and trace it upstream to the Siberian shelves in the Arctic Ocean. This implies a riverine origin of freshwater in DSOW. We estimate that the Siberian Shelf water contribution constitutes approximately 1% of DSOW. Ocean circulation modeling confirms the inferred pathway and highlights Denmark Strait as an important location for the entrainment of the riverine signal into DSOW. Our proposed method can be deployed on a range of observing systems to elucidate freshwater dispersion across the Arctic and subarctic, thereby contributing to the broader discussion on freshwater impacts and organic carbon sequestration in the AMOC.