bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence Of Smoking Habit On Age At Diagnosis Of Breast Cancer
Authors: Rajaei Mehrdad , Omidvari Shapour , Saadat Mostafa 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
No studies have yet investigated the influence of smoking on age at diagnosis of breast cancer. Therefore, the present study was carried out. This study consisted of 605 females with pathologically confirmed primary adenocarcinoma of the breast and 438 healthy females matched by age. Among our participants, 86 (14.2%) patients and 62 (14.1%) control subjects, respectively, were smokers. Based on a Cox regression model, evidence suggested that smoking status influenced the age at diagnosis of breast cancer (HR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.62-0.99, P=0.040). After stratification of the patients according to their menopausal status, the same results were obtained. The present study indicated that non-smokers have a lower age at diagnosis in comparison with patients who smoke.
Changes In QTc Interval Duration Among Heroin Addicts On Methadone Treatment
Authors: Jovanovic Mirjana , Divnic Mladen , Jovanovic Milan , Babic Sasa , Djuricic Katarina Nikic , Obradovic Andrea 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper aimed to collect and unite facts known about the effect of methadone treatment on QTc interval prolongation that could determine precipitating factors in the development of heart arrhythmias and their consequences (Torsade de Pointes and sudden cardiac death), and to raise the methadone treatment safety level.
Studies conducted up to now clearly demonstrate that methadone therapy evokes changes in the heart’s electrical conduction, but those studies also show that QTc interval prolongation could be precipitated by other factors. The most often present risk factors in our research were dose of methadone, co-medication, and co-morbidity, but other relevant risk factors were gender, age, misuse of illicit drugs, therapy length and tobacco use.
Active participation in modern treatment processes and implementation of knowledge acquired recently into daily practice, such as setting up reutilized questionnaires and diagnostic methods to expose higher risk for complications and providing broader therapeutic range for cases of drug replacement necessity, will enhance therapy safety level and bring us to the next step of resocialization of these patients, which needs to remain the final goal of treatment.
The Effects of Cisplatin and Its PT(II) Analogue on Oxidative Stress of Isolated Rat Heart/ Efekti Cisplatine I PT(II) Analoga Cisplatine Na Oksidacioni Stres Izolovanog Srca Pacova
Authors: Stojic Isidora , Zivkovic Vladimir , Srejovic Ivan , Jeremic Nevena , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Djuric Dragan , Novokmet Slobodan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
To date, numerous platinum (II) complexes have been successfully used in the treatment of different types of cancer. Therapeutic platinum complexes are different in terms of their structure, chemical reactivity, solubility, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. The aim of our research was the evaluation of cardiotoxicity of dichloro-(ethylendiamine) platinum (II) in a model of isolated rat heart using the Langedorff technique. Oxidative stress was assessed by determination of superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances and nitric oxide levels from coronary venous effluent. All reagents were perfused at increasing concentrations from 10-8 to 10-4 M for 30 minutes. In this paper, we report that substances administered at higher doses did not induce dose-dependent effects on oxidative stress markers. The results of this research may be of great interest for future studies in this area. There are many novel platinum compounds that had previously demonstrated antitumour activity, and these types of experiments in our study can assist in the examination of their cardiotoxicity. These results could be helpful for understanding dose-dependent side effects of existing and novel platinum compounds
Effects Of Different PUFA Supplementation On Inflammatory Response Markers In Young Soccer Players
Authors: Radoman Kristina , Vucic Vesna , Arsic Aleksandra , Cubrilo Dejan , Jeremic Nevena , Jeremic Jovana , Jakovljevic Vladimir 
Published: January 2016

AbstractConsidering the limited knowledge regarding the effects of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs on the inflammatory response during physical activity, we aimed to evaluate the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in young soccer players before and after a maximal physical load test at the beginning and end of a two-month training process. The study included 75 young footballers from Football School “Kragujevac,” who were followed during the two-month training programme. The subjects were divided into the following groups: 1) control group (consumed a standard diet); 2) group that consumed fish oil (2500 mg of n-3 PUFAs per day); 3) group that consumed nutritional sunflower oil (2500 mg of n-6 PUFAs daily). The maximal progressive exercise test was performed using a treadmill belt. Venous blood samples were drawn 4 times for the determination of cytokine levels (IL-6 and TNF-α): before and after the exercise load test before the two-month training programme (initial measurement) and immediately before and after the exercise load test after the two-month training programme (control measurement). Supplementation with fish oil (n-3) has been associated with reduced levels of IL-6 compared with the initial values. After an acute bout of exercise, n-3 PUFAs did not show a significant effect on inflammatory marker dynamics, whereas n-6 PUFAs slightly stimulated the production of TNF-α.
Galectin-3 In Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pejnovic Nada 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGalectin-3 is an important regulator of inflammation and acts as a receptor for advanced-glycation (AGE) and lipoxidation end-products (ALE). Evidence indicates a significant upregulation in circulating levels and visceral adipose tissue production of Galectin-3 in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Recent studies demonstrate development of obesity and dysregulation of glucose metabolism in Galectin-3 “knockout” (KO) mice, which also develop accelerated and more severe pathology in models of atherosclerosis and metabolically-induced kidney damage. Thus, evidence that Galectin-3 is an important player in metabolic disease is accumulating. This review discusses current evidence on the connection between Galectin-3 and metabolic disease, focusing on mechanisms by which this galectin modulates adiposity, glucose metabolism and obesity-associated inflammatory responses.
Regional Innovation Support Systems in South Korea and Japan Compared
Authors: Hassink Robert 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper aims at analysing and comparing regional innovation support Systems in South Korea and Japan and explaining the differences found between the countries' Systems. Based on empirical research on innovation support agencies in Kyongbuk-Taegu, South Korea, and Hiroshima, Japan, it will be shown that South Korea is characterised by dirigiste regio nal innovation support Systems, whereas Japan's regions have a mixture of relatively well co-ordinated national and regional agencies with higher levels of local interaction and systemness (integrated Systems). The dirigiste kind of system found in South Korea generates both too homogenous innovation support agen cies, which are not enough focused on specific regional economic demand, and horizontal policy co-ordination problems due to strong vertical dependencies of agencies in the regions to their Sponsors in the central government. The difference in type of Systems found in South Korea and Japan cannot be explained only by a time lag of development policies between the two countries, but also by other factors, such as the long history of supporting small and medium- sized enterprises by Japanese prefectures, differences in collective trust and the size of the countries.
Regionale Innovationssysteme
Authors: Thomi Walter , Werner Robert 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The paper aims to discuss the concept of the Regional Innovation Systems (RIS). Reference is made to the structural background of the discussion as well as to related concepts of Technological Innovation Systems and National Innovation Systems. Key elements of RIS like cluster, governance, institutional learning etc. as well as approaches towards models and typologies are discussed. The RIS approach is classified as a concept with high political and strategic contents and less theoretical groundings. It is argued that the concept is in need for further clarification at the level of Information flows and knowledge generation.
Das Leitbild nachhaltiger Entwicklung und seine Umsetzung im Rahmen forstlicher Zertifizierung
Authors: Burger Dietrich 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The vision of sustainable development and its implementation through forest Certification. Vision and principles of sustainable development are reflected in standards and processes of forest certification (FC) according to the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). FC contributes to institutional changes and capacity building thus improving structural requirements for sustainable development. FC based on the concept of sustainable development promises to better support conservation and sustainable management of forests than the strategies developed before the Rio Conference
Dealing with insecurity
Authors: Keck Markus , Bohle Hans-Georg , Zingel Wolfgang-Peter 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The article investigates underlying social mechanisms that contribute to the remarkable resilience of Dhaka’s food system with a special focus on wholesalers and their informal business networks. A relational approach to the subject matter is elaborated that understands informality as a specific governance mode of business relations that is coined by horizontal power relations, and by the implicit codification, endogenous imposition, and personalized implementation of procedural rules. Empirical evidence is presented from recent fieldwork with rice and fish wholesalers that suggests that informality, in the form of trustworthy relations and social capital, has the potential to foster the traders’ adaptive capacities and thus not only their individual business performance, but also the overall robustness of the urban food system.
Workplace quality and labour turnover in the electronics industry of the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Kilian Pamela Hartmann , Schiller Daniel , Kraas Frauke 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Export-oriented manufacturing firms in developing countries need to be highly flexible in order to respond to demand changes in volatile global markets. By using a modified version of Atkinson’s flexible firm concept as a framework, it is the aim of this paper (i) to describe the impact of workplace quality on labour turnover and (ii) to derive implications of this relationship for upgrading processes. Empirical data are combined from two surveys of migrant workers and electronics firms in the Pearl River Delta, China.
Rejuvenating old industries in new contexts
Authors: Liu Zhi-gao , Dunford Michael 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Most research into the formation and development of industrial clusters focuses on hightech clusters or on the upgrading of traditional industries, with little attention to long-term historical perspectives on the revival of old industries in new contexts. Although evolutionary economic geography offers a set of useful concepts for explaining the revival of old industries, it generally concentrates on local factors, neglecting the role of larger scale drivers. To help fill these lacunae, a revised theoretical framework is developed, and used to examine the evolution of the Tonghua traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry. Starting from this industry’s late-nineteenth century roots, the relationship between the rejuvenation of old industries in particular areas and largerscale systemic changes is examined, paying particular attention to the evolution of this sector during China’s transition from a planned to a market economy.
The heterogeneity of internationalisation in knowledge intensive business services
Authors: Peiker Wolfdietrich , Pflanz Kai , Kujath Hans Joachim , Kulke Elmar 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The general process of internationalisation of knowledge intensive business services (KIBS) is widely recognised, but knowledge of the forms, motivations and spatial patterns of this type of internationalisation remains limited. This article addresses this gap by comparing the sectors of legal services and engineering consulting, which differ in their specific service characteristics. Based on an analysis of the office networks of international firms, we attempt to identify typical patterns of international expansion and examine the heterogeneity among the firms in both sectors. We reveal that the specific service characteristics, especially in terms of knowledge and client relationship, influence significantly the spatial outcome of international expansion. Also the country of origin with its particular institutional environment may affect the opportunities of, and targets for, expansion.
The balance of change and continuity in the German construction sector’s development path
Authors: Butzin Anna , Rehfeld Dieter 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Major deficits, known as innovation gap or renewal paradox, related to the project-based production structures in construction, result in high knowledge waste and efficiency loss. Current innovation dynamics aim at overcoming these structural disadvantages by designing products and services set apart from the one-off project logic. They are heavily influenced by cross-sectoral knowledge combinations coming from the automotive industry, the service sector, engineering or information and communication technology (ICT), as well as by knowledge combinations which stem from integrating different trades into the planning process of a construction project. This paper argues that different kinds of knowledge combinations initiate various degrees of change within the existing sectoral structures. They indicate the sector’s path plasticity.
Internationalisation of research and development activities of small and medium-sized enterprises in Austria: Strategic drivers for spatial organisation
Authors: Meyer Susanne , Berger Martin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Research and development (R & D) activities of firms are becoming increasingly internationally organised, with a growing number of new locations in emerging economies and an increasing number of small and medium-sized enterprises tapping into internationalisation. The aim of this paper is to link international R & D strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises to the spatial organisation of R & D activities. A survey of Austrian firms forms the basis of the analysis. The findings show a clear spatial concentration of foreign R & D activities of Austrian firms in Western and Eastern Europe, especially Germany. However, this general distance decay function is distorted by regions’ evolutionary trajectories and their peculiarities, such as cultural and cognitive proximity, and by the scope of R & D envisaged by the firm. The analysis reveals that knowledge-exploiting strategies are more common for activities in emerging economies, whereas knowledge-gaining and learning strategies drive the establishment of activities in countries with an advanced national innovation system. Furthermore, small and medium-sized firms tend to internationalise via international cooperation rather than via the establishment of own subsidiaries abroad. Plans for future activities show only limited change in this respect.
The economics of protected areas – a European perspective
Authors: Mayer Marius , Job Hubert 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This review article argues that the economic consequences of protected areas (PA) represent a growing field of research for economic geographers, which is related to the rising share of land area covered by PA in recent decades. In a theoretical section concepts and ideas of the economics of PA like the public good character of PA benefits or the total economic value concept are presented. The specific characteristics of European PA situated in cultural landscapes strongly shaped by human land use require a comprehensive overview of existing economic valuation studies. Their achievements and gaps are shown and discussed taking the German-speaking countries as an example.
Tourism labor market impacts of national parks
Authors: Byström Joakim , Müller Dieter K. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In a Nordic context, economic impacts of tourism in national parks remained largely unknown due to lacking implementation of standardized comparative measurements. For this reason, we want to investigate the economic impacts of national parks in a peripheral Scandinavian context by analyzing employment in tourism. Theoretically, the paper addresses the idea of nature protection as a tool for regional development. The scientific literature suggests that nature can be considered a commodity that can be used for the production of tourism experiences in peripheries. In this context nature protection is applied as a label for signifying attractive places for tourists leading to increased tourist numbers and employment. This argument follows mainly North American experiences pointing at a positive impact of protected areas on regional development. Meanwhile European studies are more skeptical regarding desired economic benefits. A major challenge is the assessment of tourism’s economic impacts. This paper suggests an approach that reveals the impacts on the labor market. This is particularly applicable since data is readily available and, moreover from a public perspective, employment and tax incomes are of uppermost importance in order to sustain population figures and local demand for public services. At the same time accessibility and low visitor numbers form major challenges for tourism stakeholders and complicate the assessment of economic impacts through questionnaires and interviews. The paper shows that the assumption that nature protection promotes positive economic development through tourism is not applicable in a northern Swedish context. Hence, it rejects the often suggested positive relationship between nature protection and tourism labor market development.
Biosphere reserves and their contribution to sustainable development
Authors: Kraus Felix , Merlin Cornelius , Job Hubert 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The regional labeling scheme Dachmarke Rhön is an approach of the Rhön Biosphere Reserve to foster sustainable economic development through the intensification of regional value chains. The study compares the members of the Dachmarke Rhön with a random sample, both consisting of small rural enterprises in the economic sectors of tourism and food processing. Based on face-to-face interviews with 99 managers, a comparison of the two groups regarding their integration into regional value chains is elaborated: the two groups mainly coincide with regard to the reasons for choosing local suppliers. However, members of the Dachmarke Rhön are putting more emphasis on regional buying and the relationship to their suppliers. The share of total value added within the enterprises is higher in the random sample. This on the other hand explains higher expenses for supplies and a lower direct regional economic impact within the group of enterprises of the Dachmarke Rhön. Nevertheless the analysis shows, that the expenses for buying goods stay to a greater proportion within the region and facilitate a more diverse economic structure. Thus indirect regional economic effects are maximized fostering multifunctionality at the same time. The Dachmarke Rhön therefore can be seen as a market-based tool for fostering sustainable economic development, although the need for improvement regarding logistics and education for sustainable development exists.
Innovation and creativity labs in Berlin
Authors: Schmidt Suntje , Brinks Verena , Brinkhoff Sascha 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We define innovation and creativity labs as physical spaces for testing innovative ideas, alternative business models, new economic practices or flexible cooperation structures. As such, they are fields of experimentation and crystallization points for temporary practices that generate product, process, and organizational innovations. In these places, processes of interdisciplinary collaboration, and open innovation embrace and combine knowledge from multiple fields of expertise, most prominently from the creative and technology intensive sectors. This paper discusses the results of a research project that compiled an inventory of the dynamic spatial and organization development of innovation and creativity labs in Berlin. The empirical evidence highlights the variety of temporary spatial configurations ranging from grassroots labs, different forms of coworking, design and research and development (R & D)-oriented studios, to incubation and acceleration models. This diversity epitomizes distinct temporary social settings in an economic environment characterized by diverse modes of democratization, flexibility, commercialization and decentralization of innovation processes.