bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International medical graduates' social connections: A qualitative study
Authors: Al‐Haddad Mo , Jamieson Susan , Germeni Evi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionSocial connections in the host country improve International Medical Graduates' (IMGs') well‐being, intercultural competence and performance at work but is an issue that has been largely overlooked in the academic literature and policy discussions. The aim of this study was to better understand the social connections that IMGs form by exploring this phenomenon in a UK context.MethodsIMGs and UK Medical Graduates (UKMGs) practising in Scotland were invited to participate. This was a qualitative study using online semi‐structured interviews for data collection and reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsForty‐one participants were recruited (24 IMGs and 17 UKMGs), selected with maximum variation in terms of gender, ethnicity, speciality, grade and country of primary medical qualification. Twenty‐one (58%) of the participants had experience working in other parts of the UK.Five themes were identified: (i) overcoming early isolation, IMGs strove to overcome their initial social isolation which harmed their mental well‐being; (ii) where connections are made, IMGs form social connections mainly at work and within their religious communities; (iii) seeds of segregation, some IMGs found themselves outside tight UK native friendship groups. Alcohol was a socially exclusive activity for some IMGs, as were other host country cultural norms. Exclusion led IMGs to form social connections with other IMGs or other ‘outsider’ groups; (iv) degrees of Discrimination, discrimination and racism were experienced by some IMGs. Discrimination was individual, structural and institutional, and (v) “Open (ing) the door”, participants described interventions at organisational, departmental, and individual levels to improve IMGs' ability to form social connections.DiscussionThis study highlighted the challenges that IMGs face when trying to form social connections. More emphasis needs to be placed on promoting an environment where social connections, in particular between IMGs and host country natives, can flourish.
Mainshock–aftershock sequence simulation via latent space encoding of generative adversarial networks
Authors: Xu Zekun , Shen Jiaxu , Wu Huayong , Chen Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAftershocks (ASs) following strong mainshocks (MSs) can exacerbate structural damage or lead to collapse. However, the scarcity of recorded data necessitates reliance on artificial sequences, which have difficulty in characterizing the time‐frequency correlation between MSs and ASs. This study innovatively converts the AS time history prediction into an image translation task, exploiting the invertible transformation between accelerograms and time‐frequency representations. An encoder–decoder neural network is developed to encode the MS information into the latent space of a pre‐trained generative adversarial network, enabling accurate AS predictions through the decoder. The integration of seismic parameters further improves the AS prediction performance. Comparative analyses demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the traditional ones on accuracy and robustness and reproduces the non‐stationarity of ASs.
Weakly‐supervised structural component segmentation via scribble annotations
Authors: Zhang Chenyu , Li Ke , Yin Zhaozheng , Qin Ruwen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSegmentation of structural components in infrastructure inspection images is crucial for automated and accurate condition assessment. While deep neural networks hold great potential for this task, existing methods typically require fully annotated ground truth masks, which are time‐consuming and labor‐intensive to create. This paper introduces Scribble‐supervised Structural Component Segmentation Network (ScribCompNet), the first weakly‐supervised method requiring only scribble annotations for multiclass structural component segmentation. ScribCompNet features a dual‐branch architecture with higher‐resolution refinement to enhance fine detail detection. It extends supervision from labeled to unlabeled pixels through a combined objective function, incorporating scribble annotation, dynamic pseudo label, semantic context enhancement, and scale‐adaptive harmony losses. Experimental results show that ScribCompNet outperforms other scribble‐supervised methods and most fully‐supervised counterparts, achieving 90.19% mean intersection over union (mIoU) with an 80% reduction in labeling time. Further evaluations confirm the effectiveness of the novel designs and robust performance, even with lower‐quality scribble annotations.
Overweight/bowel dysmotility crosslinking and analogous laxative actions of two edible wild fruits in obese/constipated rats
Authors: Wahabi Soumaya , Rtibi Kais , Brinsi Chirine , Jridi Mourad , Sebai Hichem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe prompt development of obesity/constipation is the most serious problem for both children and adults. Limited studies suggested an association between them but lacked preclinical studies. This study allows to evaluate their crosslink and to compare the aqueous extracts laxative actions of two edible wild fruits of Arbutus unedo (AUAE) and Crataegus monogyna (CMAE) in constipated high‐fat diet (HFD) rats.MethodsWistar rats were divided into experimental groups for 13 weeks: standard (SD) and HFD groups. SD‐rats were randomly redivided into 2 groups: SD and SD + Loperamide (LOP, 3 mg/kg, b.w.). HFD‐rats were randomly reseparated into HFD‐group, (HFD + LOP)‐group, [HFD + Yohimbine (YOH, 2 mg/kg, b.w.)]‐group, [HFD+ LOP]‐groups+ various doses of AUAE or CMAE (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg, b.w.). Diversified indicators were investigated to achieve the expected objectives, including; fecal parameters, gastrointestinal transit (GIT), gastric emptying (GE), oxidative stress‐(OxS), blood biochemical analysis, and accompanied small/large bowel histological modification.Key ResultsThe liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS) analysis of AUAE and CMAE allowed the identification of 11 and 6 phenolic compounds, respectively. In HFD‐rats, the subsequent dysregulation of GI motility was markedly aggravated. More importantly, with the same way (CMAE and AUAE)‐treated groups showed alleviated outcomes for the following: most stool parameters, GIT, and GE were remarkably recovered; a similar recovery pattern was observed in the histopathological structure, OxS, and blood biochemical indicators.Conclusions & InferencesOur results experimentally confirmed the crosslink between overweight and constipation and both fruits have potential as functional foods to reduce metabolic risk of the obesity associated with bowel dysmotility.
An intersectional critique of nursing's efforts at organizing
Authors: Wesp Linda M. , Bowman Mary K. , Adams Bryn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNursing's efforts at organizing in the United States have encompassed various approaches to creating change at a systemic and political level, namely shared governance, professional associations, and nurse unions. The United States is currently experiencing the effects of an authoritarian sociopolitical agenda that has taken aim at our profession's ethic of providing equitable care for all people through legislation that bans gender‐affirming care and abortions. Nursing is simultaneously experiencing a crisis of burnout and moral distress, as we navigate the everyday functions of a for‐profit healthcare system under the Capitalocene. As we situate ourselves within these policies and practices of late‐stage capitalism and an increasingly authoritarian nation‐state, we are compelled to think deeply about how nursing is currently organizing ourselves. Our paper will explore the evolution of various forms of organizing through the lens of intersectionality, which offers a framework for considering the ways that power operates, creating a matrix of sociostructural processes that fuel injustice. Intersectionality also compels us to examine whether our organizing has resisted, or perpetuated, a matrix of oppression. We will conclude by offering examples of radical imagining for a future of nursing resistance, where our collective organizing has a greater impact and responsibility for dismantling the status quo to achieve justice and liberation.
Surgical and Camouflage Orthodontic Treatment of Anterior Open Bite: Comparison of Profile Attractiveness
Authors: Nogueira C. Q. , Cotrin P. , Freitas D. S. , Prado de Souza J. E. , Valarelli F. P. , Freitas K. M. S. , de Freitas M. R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the profile's attractiveness between the different protocols for treating the anterior open bite.MethodsThe sample comprised 39 patients with anterior open bite treated with or without extractions, divided into two groups: The surgical group (G1) comprised 21 subjects (10 males, 11 females) with a mean initial age of 21.86 years (SD = 5.09), treated with fixed orthodontic appliance followed by orthognathic surgery, for a total mean period of 2.53 years (SD = 0.61). The mean overbite was −5.01 mm (SD = 2.50); The camouflaged group (G2) comprised 18 subjects (9 males, 9 females), with a mean initial age of 20.47 years (SD = 4.19), treated only with fixed orthodontic appliance, for a total mean period of 2.56 years (SD = 0.94). The mean overbite was −4.28 mm (SD = 1.15). Lateral photographs from pretreatment and posttreatment were used. These photographs were evaluated by 46 laypeople and 67 dentists, who rated the attractiveness of each profile from 0 (most unattractive profile) to 10 (most attractive profile). Intergroup comparisons were performed with independent t‐tests.ResultsBoth groups presented improvement in the profile attractiveness with treatment (p < 0.001). Before treatment, the profile of the surgical group was significantly less attractive than the profile of the camouflaged group (p < 0.001). The surgical presented a more attractive profile at the final stage than the camouflaged group (p < 0.001). The surgical group showed a greater improvement in profile attractiveness with treatment than the camouflaged group (p < 0.001).ConclusionIn the final stage, the surgical presented a more attractive and greater improvement in profile attractiveness than the camouflaged group. The laypeople and dentists judged similarly the initial profile attractiveness.
Improving Nursing Oral Care Practice for Community‐Dwelling Care‐Dependent Older People
Authors: Oda Keiko , Bakri Nazahiah N. , Majeed Sarah , Bartlett Shennae , Thomson Murray W. , Parsons John , Boyd Michal , Ferguson Anna C. , Smith Moira 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimOral care is one of the most neglected nursing practices owing to a lack of training, standard nursing oral care guidelines and low confidence and skills. There is little evidence to inform the development of oral care training and guidelines, which ideally should be done in collaboration with oral health professionals. Further, there is a lack of research, particularly in New Zealand, with nursing staff caring for care‐dependent older people, including those ageing in their own homes. This pilot study aimed to determine the impact of oral care training on nursing staff knowledge, attitudes and confidence in supporting community‐dwelling older peoples' oral care.MethodMixed methods design comprising delivery of an oral healthcare and assessment training intervention by a team comprising nursing and oral health professionals, pre‐ and post‐intervention questionnaires (N = 14) and a post‐intervention focus group with community‐based nursing staff (N = 5).ResultsStaff knowledge significantly improved (p = 0.046) following interprofessional collaborative training, but attitude and confidence scores did not (p = 0.127), although focus group responses suggested that participants' confidence was heightened. Participants expressed the need to implement oral care practices to benefit clients' health, clarify roles and identify oral care as a core competency. They sought to make individual‐ and organisational‐level practice changes accordingly.ConclusionOral care training based on interprofessional collaboration and education enhances nursing staff knowledge but not their confidence in oral care provision. Ongoing, hands‐on practical training for nursing staff in collaboration with oral health professionals has the potential to advance nursing oral‐care practice and improve care‐dependent older peoples' oral care.Implication for PracticeOral care training and education with oral health professionals is effective to enhance nursing staff knowledge and awareness in oral health care. However, transforming knowledge into nursing oral care practice requires hands on practical training and ongoing collaboration with oral health professionals to improve care‐dependent older people's oral health care.
eHealth Interventions of Health Literacy for Stroke Survivors: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Vu Mai Thi Thuy , Ho Hung Quang , Lin Gong‐Hong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundeHealth literacy interventions have emerged as a new approach in management of stroke survivors. Its effect on knowledge and clinical outcomes presents an inconsistent result in literature.ObjectivesWe aim to evaluate the impact of eHealth interventions on health literacy, clinical metrics, adherence to healthy behaviors, stroke recurrence, mortality, and health‐related quality of life in stroke survivors.MethodsWe systematically searched six databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest) up to February 21, 2024, selecting articles that meet these criteria: (i) patients with stroke; (ii) intervention with education content; (iii) eHealth interventions included telehealth, mobile phone, internet or computer; (iv) randomized controlled trials. The mean differences (MD) and standardized mean differences (SMD) between groups were measured. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane tool.ResultsFrom 16 studies involving 9646 participants, we observed that eHealth interventions significantly improved systolic blood pressure (MD = −2.78 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−4.67 to −0.88], p = 0.004), medication adherence (SMD = 0.28, 95% CI [0.04 to 0.52], p = 0.023), and health‐related quality of life (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI [0.04 to 0.37], p = 0.013). Meta‐regression found that age modified the effect size of systolic blood pressure (p = 0.027). There was insufficient evidence to conclude effects on other outcomes. The quality of evidence was moderate. Outcome variation may be due to the diversity in eHealth intervention approaches. The limited number of studies precluded the subgroup analysis. More interactive interventions with longer follow‐ups were more effective.ConclusionseHealth interventions may benefit stroke survivors in terms of blood pressure, medication adherence, and health‐related quality of life.Implications for Nursing PolicyeHealth literacy interventions could be implemented to improve the management of stroke survivors, especially in the context of resource limitations.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO registration number: CRD42024502470
Autologous platelet concentrates as adjuvant in the surgical management of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Bennardo Francesco , Barone Selene , Antonelli Alessandro , Giudice Amerigo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMedication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an infectious side effect associated with bisphosphonates and monoclonal antibodies (denosumab, immune modulators, and antiangiogenic medications). Adjunctive therapies for the surgical management of MRONJ include autologous platelet concentrates (APCs). These APCs serve as a source of various cells and growth factors that aid tissue healing and regeneration. This review evaluated the use of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), plasma‐rich in growth factors (PRGF), and leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) as adjuvant therapies for the surgical management of MRONJ by conducting analyses on the results of 58 articles. Compared to surgical treatment alone, the application of PRP and L‐PRF after surgery appears to increase healing in the management of patients with MRONJ. No studies have reported unhealed lesions as a result of surgical treatment of MRONJ with PRGF application or compared it with surgical treatment alone. The overall results of this review have shown favorable healing rates of MRONJ lesions managed with the application of APCs after surgical treatment; however, significant methodological limitations may limit the scientific evidence supporting their use. Further randomized controlled trials with strict criteria are needed to establish the extent to which APCs can improve wound healing and quality of life in patients with MRONJ requiring surgical treatment.
Autologous platelet concentrates in alveolar ridge preservation: A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Siawasch Sayed Ahmad Manoetjer , Yu Jize , Castro Ana B. , Dhondt Rutger , Teughels Wim , Temmerman Andy , Quirynen Marc 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn order to evaluate the therapeutic advantages of various autologous platelet concentrates (APC) as a single biomaterial during alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), a systematic review with meta‐analyses was conducted. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were screened for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were released prior to 2024. The selected papers compared an APC with either unassisted healing (blood clot) or another biomaterial during ARP (third molars were not included). The outcome parameters included alveolar bone dimension alterations, soft tissue healing, and post‐op pain intensity. The search yielded 35 papers (33 studies), one applying platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), six using plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), and 28 using leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF). These studies showed a large heterogeneity (e.g., outcome parameters, timing, surgical approach, and inclusion criteria), which hindered drawing strong conclusions. In most studies, however, ARP with PRP, PRGF, and L‐PRF alone produced faster soft tissue healing, less post‐extraction pain, less alveolar ridge resorption, more socket bone fill, and a higher bone density when compared to unassisted (spontaneous) healing. The ultimate benefit appears to be significantly influenced by the surgical approach. Limited literature exists comparing APC with other biomaterials for ARP, resulting in inconclusive data. APC application for ARP is a promising strategy to improve soft and hard tissue healing and reduce post‐extraction pain.
Inhibitory P300 subprocesses and neural compensation in genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease: The case for temporal–spatial principal component analysis
Authors: Paitel Elizabeth R. , Nielson Kristy A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe P300 event‐related potential (ERP) is widely investigated in cognitive neuroscience, including related to aging, with smaller amplitudes and delayed latency consistently reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given that AD‐related neurological changes begin years before symptom onset, ERPs in asymptomatic elders with AD risk may characterize early changes. ERPs are seldom studied in this population. Yet, healthy carriers of apolipoprotein‐E (APOE) ε4 have evidenced delayed P300 latencies, while P300 amplitude differences are seldom found. However, despite its frequent study, the specific cognitive processes reflected by P300 remain unclear. We propose that these challenges are due to the relatively long P300 window, which likely encompasses multiple underlying subprocesses that overlap in time. Temporal–spatial principal component analysis (tsPCA) maintains the high temporal resolution of EEG and is better suited to isolate processes that overlap in time. Thus, we interrogated APOE ε4 differences in P300 activity during successful stop‐signal inhibitory control in healthy, cognitively intact older adults (25 ε4−, 20 ε4+), using both conventional ERP metrics (i.e., mean and peak amplitude) and P300 tsPCA factors. P300 amplitudes did not differ by ε4 using conventional metrics. tsPCA revealed two P300 factors in each ε4 group: first, a Posterior P300 (attention allocation) factor, and second, a relatively Anterior P300 (performance monitoring, evaluating, and updating) factor. tsPCA uniquely revealed greater activity in ε4+ vs. ε4− in Anterior P300. ε4 groups had comparable task performance, suggesting that greater P300 activity in ε4+ likely reflects neural compensation for ε4‐related deficits, thereby enabling the maintenance of good task performance.
Regulatory offsetting in advanced democracies
Authors: Steinebach Yves , Hinterleitner Markus , Fernández‐i‐Marín Xavier 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe growth of rules in modern democracies burdens citizens, businesses, and administrative bodies. To address this, many governments have implemented so‐called “regulatory offsetting schemes,” requiring the removal of existing rules and regulations for each new one introduced. However, systematic knowledge on which countries have adopted these schemes and their specific designs remains lacking. Our study maps regulatory offsetting initiatives across OECD states and offers a first theoretical framework for understanding government adoption. While political and ideational factors influence the adoption of offsetting schemes, they do not explain their specific design. Offsetting schemes thus reflect the political tensions between advocates for an activist state and supporters of a more restrained government, with design being of secondary importance. These findings enhance our understanding of how governments and public administrations manage rule growth.
Tightly linked evolution of Franco‐Iberian earthworms (Prosellodrilini, Lumbricidae) and the Pyrenean Mountains supported by molecular phylogenetics
Authors: Jiménez Pinadero Sergio , Martínez Navarro Alejandro , Tilikj Natasha , Novo Marta , Díaz Cosín Darío , Trigo Aza Dolores , Fernández Marchán Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Iberian Peninsula and the South of France are a centre of diversification of the Lumbricidae family, which has many endemisms and basal genera in the phylogeny of lumbricids in that area. Two basal and endemic genera of this area are Cataladrilus and Prosellodrilus. These genera are very poorly studied, and there are very few phylogenetic studies in which representatives of these genera have been included. In the case of Prosellodrilus, the type species has never been included in phylogenetic analyses. Therefore, in this study, after capturing specimens of different species of Cataladrilus and Prosellodrilus in their type localities (including the type species of both genera), a phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the molecular markers COI, 16S (mitochondrial) and 28S (nuclear). Sequences from other lumbricid genera obtained in previous studies were also included, with the purpose of testing the monophyly of Prosellodrilus and Cataladrilus and recovering their phylogenetic relationships with other basal genera. As a result, it was possible to demonstrate that both genera are monophyletic and, therefore, valid. Both genera are evolutionarily very close and are found very close to other basal genera such as Castellodrilus and Zophoscolex. Furthermore, by calculating the ancestral area of Prosellodrilus it was possible to observe that the origin of the genus is located in an area between Sardinia and eastern France and that the genus predates the separation of Sardinia from France and the formation of the Pyrenees, which could explain the presence of P. festae in Sardinia and the presence of this genus on both sides of the Pyrenees. Furthermore, if the geological age of the Pyrenees and its formation process are studied in detail, it can be observed how the different stages of formation of this mountain range largely coincide with the distribution of the different species of Prosellodrilus.