bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Survival and Integration of Dopaminergic Cell Transplants in a Rat Parkinson Model
Authors: Winkler Christian , Reis Janine , Hoffmann Nadin , Gellner Anne-Kathrin , Münkel Christian , Curado Marco Rocha , Furlanetti Luciano , Garcia Joanna , Döbrössy Máté D. , Fritsch Brita 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRestorative therapy concepts, such as cell based therapies aim to restitute impaired neurotransmission in neurodegenerative diseases. New strategies to enhance grafted cell survival and integration are still needed to improve functional recovery. Anodal direct current stimulation (DCS) promotes neuronal activity and secretion of the trophic factor BDNF in the motor cortex. Transcranial DCS applied to the motor cortex transiently improves motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. In this proof-of-concept study, we combine cell based therapy and noninvasive neuromodulation to assess whether neurotrophic support via transcranial DCS would enhance the restitution of striatal neurotransmission by fetal dopaminergic transplants in a rat Parkinson model. Transcranial DCS was applied daily for 20 min on 14 consecutive days following striatal transplantation of fetal ventral mesencephalic (fVM) cells derived from transgenic rat embryos ubiquitously expressing GFP. Anodal but not cathodal transcranial DCS significantly enhanced graft survival and dopaminergic reinnervation of the surrounding striatal tissue relative to sham stimulation. Behavioral recovery was more pronounced following anodal transcranial DCS, and behavioral effects correlated with the degree of striatal innervation. Our results suggest anodal transcranial DCS may help advance cell-based restorative therapies in neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, such an assistive approach may be beneficial for the already established cell transplantation therapy in PD.
Distinct Patterns of Temporal and Directional Connectivity among Intrinsic Networks in the Human Brain
Authors: Shine James M. , Kucyi Aaron , Foster Brett L. , Bickel Stephan , Wang Danhong , Liu Hesheng , Poldrack Russell A. , Hsieh Liang-Tien , Hsiang Jen Chun , Parvizi Josef 
Published: September 2017

To determine the spatiotemporal relationships among intrinsic networks of the human brain, we recruited seven neurosurgical patients (four males and three females) who were implanted with intracranial depth electrodes. We first identified canonical resting-state networks at the individual subject level using an iterative matching procedure on each subject's resting-state fMRI data. We then introduced single electrical pulses to fMRI pre-identified nodes of the default network (DN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and salience network (SN) while recording evoked responses in other recording sites within the same networks. We found bidirectional signal flow across the three networks, albeit with distinct patterns of evoked responses within different time windows. We used a data-driven clustering approach to show that stimulation of the FPN and SN evoked a rapid (<70 ms) response that was predominantly higher within the SN sites, whereas stimulation of the DN led to sustained responses in later time windows (85–200 ms). Stimulations in the medial temporal lobe components of the DN evoked relatively late effects (>130 ms) in other nodes of the DN, as well as FPN and SN. Our results provide temporal information about the patterns of signal flow between intrinsic networks that provide insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics that are likely to constrain the architecture of the brain networks supporting human cognition and behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite great progress in the functional neuroimaging of the human brain, we still do not know the precise set of rules that define the patterns of temporal organization between large-scale networks of the brain. In this study, we stimulated and then recorded electrical evoked potentials within and between three large-scale networks of the brain, the default network (DN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and salience network (SN), in seven subjects undergoing invasive neurosurgery. Using a data-driven clustering approach, we observed distinct temporal and directional patterns between the three networks, with FPN and SN activity predominant in early windows and DN stimulation affecting the network in later windows. These results provide important temporal information about the interactions between brain networks supporting human cognition and behavior.
Highly Efficient, Rapid and Co-CRISPR-Independent Genome Editing in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Prior Harriet , Jawad Ali K , MacConnachie Lauren , Beg Asim A 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We describe a rapid and highly efficient method to generate point mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans using direct injection of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins. This versatile method does not require sensitized genetic backgrounds or co-CRISPR selection-based methods, and represents a single strategy that can be used for creating genomic point mutations, regardless of location. As proof of principle, we show that knock-in mutants more faithfully report variant-associated phenotypes as compared to transgenic overexpression. Data for nine knock-in mutants across five genes are presented that demonstrate high editing efficiencies (60%), a reduced screening workload (24 F1 progeny), and a rapid timescale (4–5 d). This optimized method simplifies genome engineering and is readily adaptable to other model systems.
Mitigating Mitochondrial Genome Erosion Without Recombination
Authors: Radzvilavicius Arunas L , Kokko Hanna , Christie Joshua R 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA long-standing unresolved question is how uniparentally inherited mitochondria evade Muller’s ratchet. Radzvilavicius, Kokko, and Christie...Mitochondria are ATP-producing organelles of bacterial ancestry that played a key role in the origin and early evolution of complex eukaryotic cells. Most modern eukaryotes transmit mitochondrial genes uniparentally, often without recombination among genetically divergent organelles. While this asymmetric inheritance maintains the efficacy of purifying selection at the level of the cell, the absence of recombination could also make the genome susceptible to Muller’s ratchet. How mitochondria escape this irreversible defect accumulation is a fundamental unsolved question. Occasional paternal leakage could in principle promote recombination, but it would also compromise the purifying selection benefits of uniparental inheritance. We assess this tradeoff using a stochastic population–genetic model. In the absence of recombination, uniparental inheritance of freely-segregating genomes mitigates mutational erosion, while paternal leakage exacerbates the ratchet effect. Mitochondrial fusion–fission cycles ensure independent genome segregation, improving purifying selection. Paternal leakage provides opportunity for recombination to slow down the mutation accumulation, but always at a cost of increased steady-state mutation load. Our findings indicate that random segregation of mitochondrial genomes under uniparental inheritance can effectively combat the mutational meltdown, and that homologous recombination under paternal leakage might not be needed.
Prevalence and risk factors of needle stick and sharp injury among tertiary hospital workers, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Authors: Matsubara Chieko , Sakisaka Kayako , Sychareun Vanphanom , Phensavanh Alongkone , Ali Moazzam 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Health care workers (HCWs) face risks of needle stick and sharp injuries (NSIs). Most NSIs occur in developing countries, however, no epidemiological study on NSIs is publicly available in Lao PDR. The objective of this study is to identify the prevalence and risk factors of NSIs among HCWs in Lao PDR.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of NSIs among four tertiary hospitals in Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic.

Results
Six months before the survey, 11.4% (106/932) of hospital staff had experienced NSIs, while 42.1% did in their entire career. Key protective factors of NSIs among nurses included adequate availability of needles, syringes, and sharp equipment (p = 0.042; odds ratio [OR], 0.47) and attendance to educational or refresher courses on safety regarding NSIs (p = 0.038; OR, 0.50). As an on-site practice, single-handed recapping was prevalent (46.7%, 257/550) among participants.

Conclusions
The result showed that high rates of NSIs persist among HCWs. The findings of this research call for comprehensive health and injection safety programs for HCWs involved in clinical practice.
Perioperative Spending on Spinal Fusion for Scoliosis for Children With Medical Complexity
Authors: Berry Jay G. , Glotzbecker Michael , Rodean Jonathan , Leahy Izabela , Cox Joanne , Singer Sara J. , O’Neill Margaret , Hall Matt , Ferrari Lynne 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:
Global payment is used with surgeries to optimize health, lower costs, and improve quality. We assessed perioperative spending on spinal fusion for scoliosis to inform how this might apply to children.

METHODS:
Retrospective analysis of 1249 children using Medicaid and aged ≥5 years with a complex chronic condition undergoing spinal fusion in 2013 from 12 states. From perioperative health services measured 6 months before and 3 months after spinal fusion, we simulated a spending reallocation with increased preoperative care and decreased hospital care.

RESULTS:
Perioperative spending was $112 353 per patient, with 77.9% for hospitalization, 12.3% for preoperative care, and 9.8% for postdischarge care. Primary care accounted for 0.2% of total spending; 15.4% and 49.2% of children had no primary care visit before and after spinal fusion, respectively. Compared with having no preoperative primary care visit, 1 to 2 visits were associated with a 12% lower surgery hospitalization cost (P = .05) and a 9% shorter length of stay (LOS) (P = .1); ≥3 visits were associated with a 21% lower hospitalization cost (P &lt; .001) and a 14% shorter LOS (P = .01). Having ≥3 preoperative primary care visits for all children would increase total perioperative spending by 0.07%. This increased cost could be underwritten by a 0.1% reduction in hospital LOS or a 1.0% reduction in 90-day hospital readmissions.

CONCLUSIONS:
Hospital care accounted for most perioperative spending in children undergoing spinal fusion. Multiple preoperative primary care visits were associated with lower hospital costs and shorter hospitalizations. Modestly less hospital resource use could underwrite substantial increases in children’s preoperative primary care.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПОЛЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРИ РОЗПОДІЛЬЧОГО ТРАНСФОРМАТОРА
Authors: Матухно В. А. , Байдак Ю. В. , Томлейн П. 
Published: September 2017

В роботі наведено причини і виконане обґрунтування доцільності впровадження на етапі проектування розподільчого трансформатора з економічно обґрунтованою і оптимальною конструкцією - методу моделювання поля температур на підставі вирішення рівняння Пуассона, якому відповідає будь-яке стаціонарне температурне поле з внутрішніми джерелами тепла. За приведеною формалізацією математичної моделі до виду рівняння Пуассона, підґрунтям якої є результати вирішення задачі флюїдної динаміки по рівнянням Нав’є - Стокса, виконано розрахунки поля швидкості масла у системі охолодження фази трансформатора у двомірній аксіальній системі координат та на підставі їх значень розраховано поле температур. Для підкреслення важливості вирішення задачі Нав’є - Стокса, наведено результати розрахунку поля температур без урахування швидкості руху охолоджуючої речовини - масла. Виконане моделювання теплової підсистеми доцільне для впровадження в наукових розробках відповідних електромагнітних пристроїв і в навчальному процесі, оскільки дозволяє здійснювати обґрунтований вибір магнітної індукції в стрижні магнітопроводу і густини струму в обмотках за показником припустимих в них температур нагріву.
Evaluation of Tzanakis scoring system in acute appendicitis: a prospective study
Authors: Lakshminarasimhaiah Arun Kumar S. , A. L. Nagaraja , M. Srinivasaiah 
Published: September 2017

Background: Tzanakis scoring system is a combination of clinical evaluation, ultrasonography and laboratory marker of inflammatory response, used as accuracy of diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Objective of this study was to evaluate the predictability of Tzanakis scoring system in preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis and compare its accuracy with histopathological examination (HPE).Methods: A prospective non-randomized study was designed to study those patients who suspected clinically as acute appendicitis, admitting to Department of General Surgery, ESIC-MC PGIMSR, Bangalore between November 2013 to July 2015. After complete clinical examination, radiological and laboratory investigations Tzanakis score was calculated and patients with score 8 or >8 underwent appendicectomy and HPE results were analyzed.Results: Out of 218 participants, 200 patients underwent emergency appendicectomy and were selected for the study. The sensitivity and specificity of Tzanakis score was 85.49% and 71.43% respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 85% with positive predictive value of 98.80% and negative value of 15.15%.Conclusions: Tzanakis scoring system is an effective modality in the establishment of accuracy in diagnosis of acute appendicitis, but the limitation is observer bias which may vary the scoring system.
Baclofen‐induced Tourette‐like Syndrome: tics and echolalia
Authors: Yu Jessica , Ooi E‐Lin 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWe describe an elderly patient who developed a “Tourette like” syndrome after baclofen was administered. A total of 40 mg baclofen was administered over thirty‐six hours to relieve pain following a fall. She became unconscious and subsequently developed muscle tics and echolalia. Two days later she recovered fully and was discharged from hospital after two weeks of rehabilitation.
Anodic oxidation of slaughterhouse wastewater on boron-doped diamond: process variables effect
Authors: Abdelhay Arwa , Jum'h Inshad , Abdulhay Enas , Al-Kazwini Akeel , Alzubi Mashael 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA non-sacrificial boron-doped diamond electrode was prepared in the laboratory and used as a novel anode for electrochemical oxidation of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. This wastewater poses environmental threats as it is characterized by a high content of recalcitrant organics. The influence of several process variables, applied current density, initial pH, supporting electrolyte nature, and concentration of electrocoagulant, on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, color removal, and turbidity removal was investigated. Results showed that raising the applied current density to 3.83 mA/cm2 has a positive effect on COD removal, color removal, and turbidity removal. These parameters increased to 100%, 90%, and 80% respectively. A low pH of 5 favored oxidants generation and consequently increased the COD removal percentage to reach 100%. Complete removal of COD had occurred in the presence of NaCl (1%) as supporting electrolyte. Na2SO4 demonstrated lower efficiency than NaCl in terms of COD removal. The COD decay kinetics follows the pseudo-first-order reaction. The simultaneous use of Na2SO4 and FeCl3 decreased the turbidity in wastewater by 98% due to electrocoagulation.
Denitrification processes and microbial communities in a sequencing batch reactor treating nanofiltration (NF) concentrate from coking wastewater
Authors: Li Enchao , Lu Shuguang 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A biological denitrifying process was employed for the treatment of nanofiltration (NF) concentrate with high conductivity, which was generated from coking wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The results showed that the average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate were 47.6%, 61.1% and 94.6%, respectively. Different microbial communities were identified by sequencing the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the MiSeq platform, showing that the most abundant bacterial phylum in the SBR system was Proteobacteria, with the subclasses β-Proteobacteria and α-Proteobacteria being dominant. The key microorganisms responsible for denitrification belonged to the genera Thauera, Hyphomicrobium, Methyloversatilis, Hydrogenophaga, Ignavibacterium, Rubrivivax and Parvibaculum. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the absolute abundance of microbial genera, using 16S rRNAs and denitrifying genes such as narG, nirS, nirK, nosZ, in both SBR start-up and stable operation. The abundances of narG, nirK and nosZ were lower during stable operation than those during the start-up period. The abundance of nirS at a level of 104–105copies/ng in DNA was much higher than that of nirK, thus being the dominant functional gene in nitrite reduction.
CAPOEIRA GOING GLOBAL: THE APPROPRIATION OF THE AFRO-BRAZILIAN PRACTICE THROUGH TV ADVERTISEMENTS IN FRANCE AND THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: Granada da Silva Ferreira Daniel 
Published: September 2017

This article analyze two advertisements using capoeira narratives and seek to understand how they are constructed to sell products or ‘images’ in different national contexts. The objective is to understand the processes of adaptation of the practice of capoeira to the local market. The methodology employed was the exploratory research, with the analyses of visual narratives, research in local newspapers, multisited ethnography and free flowing interviews with capoeira practitioners in France and in the UK. The first part introduces the debate about the globalization and glocalization in the case of the capoeira. Then, are presented the studies about the transnationalization of capoeira practice and the emigration of Brazilians. Further is analyzed the advertisement of the deodorant ‘Ushuaia’ in France and the way it shows the representations of capoeira, ‘Brazil’, ‘Brazilianess’, followed by the analyze of the BBC ‘idents’ and the debate generated by this campaign in the national medias. Through articles published in the British press, we will discuss the insertion of capoeira in British society in a context of debate regarding local multiculturalism. The conclusions point to the understanding that to be used by advertisers in different national contexts, capoeira needs to be transformed in local versions, far from its original meanings.
Implantology and Periodontal Disease: The Panacea to Problem Solving?
Authors: Matarese Giovanni , Ramaglia Luca , Fiorillo Luca , Cervino Gabriele , Lauritano Floriana , Isola Gaetano 
Published: September 2017

Introduction:
The specialty of periodontology has changed dramatically in recent years. With the long-standing goal of retaining teeth in a functional and esthetical state, the periodontology has developed a high level of expertise in the regeneration of bone and connective tissues that support the teeth. However, periodontists have also joined maxillofacial surgeons as the primary providers of implant surgery.

Methods:
The tremendous innovations of periodontists induced also by the marketplace resulted in predictable periodontal treatment outcomes for most patients by the implants led to a dramatically different marketplace in which many patients with periodontitis can be treated by the implants rather than the traditional periodontal treatment.

Results:
The aim of this article is to focus on the innovator’s dilemma for periodontists today is that key elements of our rewarding contributions to dentistry in recent decades are unlikely to be part of a strong and rewarding future for the profession.

Conclusions:
With the intriguing role of the personalized medicine approach that integrates genomic and clinical information to predict a possible predisposition, we do not suggest a reduced role for periodontists in dental implant surgery but rather a more prominent role in complex cases to achieve surgical implant needs and proper reconstruction and long-term maintenance of the patient’s health.
Effect of 10% Strontium Chloride and 5% Potassium Nitrate with Fluoride on Bleached Bovine Enamel
Authors: Alencar Cristiane de Melo , Pedrinha Victor Feliz , Araújo Jesuína Lamartine Nogueira , Esteves Renata Antunes , Silva da Silveira Ana Daniela , Silva Cecy Martins 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Dental whitening has been increasingly sought out to improve dental aesthetics, but may cause chemical and morphological changes in dental enamel surfaces.

Objective:
This study evaluated in vitro the effect of 10% strontium chloride and 5% potassium nitrate with fluoride on bovine enamel, through tristimulus colorimetry, Knoop microhardness (KHN), and roughness after bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP).

Methods:
The specimens were divided into three groups (n=15): GControl received bleaching treatment with 35% HP; GNitrate received bleaching with 35% HP followed by the application of 5% potassium nitrate with 2% sodium fluoride; and GStrontium received bleaching with 35% HP followed by the application of 10% strontium chloride on the enamel. Next, five specimens of each experimental group were subjected to KHN and tristimulus colorimetry tests, and 10 specimens were subjected to surface roughness (SR) tests. The values obtained for the different groups were compared through analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post-hoc Tukey-Kramer test in addition to Student’s T-test for paired data.

Results:
In the intergroup comparison, KHN final differed statistically (p<0.05). The mean SR final of the experimental groups differed statistically from the GControl group (p<0.05). In addition, the groups did not differ in color variation (p>0.05).

Conclusion:
10% strontium chloride and 5% potassium nitrate combined with 2% fluoride downplayed morphological changes to the enamel, without interfering with the effectiveness of the bleaching process.
Methodologies in Orthodontic Pain Management: A Review
Authors: Hussain Asra Sabir , Al Toubity Meteib Joraib , Elias Wael Y. 
Published: September 2017

Introduction:
Patients experience pain and discomfort during active orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Pain is considered a subjective response to noxious stimuli. It can vary from person to person and is influenced by certain factors such as age, gender, previous pain experiences, stress or anxiety, and type of appliance.

Objective:
The objective of this literature review was to discuss conventional versus recently introduced treatment modalities used in pain management for orthodontic patients.

Discussion:
According to the reviewed articles, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods were introduced in orthodontic pain management. However, orthodontists must use their best professional judgment to assess each case individually and select an appropriate treatment modality based on pain threshold level of an individual.

Conclusion:
Nevertheless, further investigations are required in this field.