bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Receptor α Signaling Exacerbates Immune-Mediated Nephropathies through Alteration of Metabolic Activity
Authors: Corradetti Chelsea , Jog Neelakshi R. , Cesaroni Matteo , Madaio Michael , Caricchio Roberto 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Glomerulonephritis is one of the most serious manifestations of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Because SLE is ≥10 times more common in women, a role for estrogens in disease pathogenesis has long been suspected. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is highly expressed in renal tissue. We asked whether ERα expression contributes to the development of immune-mediated nephropathies like in lupus nephritis. We tested the overall effects of estrogen receptors on the immune response by immunization with OVA and induction of chronic graft-versus-host disease in female ERα-knockout mice. We used nephrotoxic serum nephritis as a model of immune-mediated nephropathy. We investigated the influence of ERα on molecular pathways during nephritis by microarray analysis of glomerular extract gene expression. We performed RNA sequencing of lupus patient whole blood to determine common pathways in murine and human nephritis. Absence of ERα protects female mice from developing nephritis, despite the presence of immune complexes and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the kidneys and normal humoral responses to immunization. Time-course microarray analysis of glomeruli during nephrotoxic serum nephritis revealed significant upregulation of genes related to PPAR-mediated lipid metabolism and downregulation of genes in the retinol metabolism in wild-type females compared with ERα-knockout females. Similarly, RNA sequencing of lupus patient blood revealed similar expression patterns of these same pathways. During nephritis, the altered activity of metabolic pathways, such as retinol metabolism, occurs downstream of ERα activation and is essential for the progression to end-stage renal failure.
Designing a Women’s Refuge: An Interdisciplinary Health, Architecture and Landscape Collaboration
Authors: Dean Suzanne , Williams Claire , Donnelly Samantha , Levett-Jones Tracy 
Published: December 2017

University programs are currently faced with a number of challenges: how to engage students as active learners, how to ensure graduates are ‘work ready’ with broad and relevant professional skills, and how to support students to see their potential as agents of social change and contributors to social good. This paper presents the findings from a study that explored the impact of an authentic, interdisciplinary project with health, architecture and landscape students. This project facilitated students’ entrée into the lived experience of women and children requiring refuge services as a result of homelessness and/or domestic violence. Students collaborated with stakeholders from the refuge sector, visiting sites, undertaking individual research, exchanging ideas and problem-solving, to develop a design guide for a women’s refuge. Focus groups were conducted at the conclusion of the activity to gauge students’ perceptions of the value of the activity. Results indicated that the ‘hands-on’ and collaborative nature of the learning experience in a real-world context was valued, primarily due to its direct relevance to professional practice. Architecture and landscape participants reported an increase in their understanding and knowledge of refuge clients, and many expressed a commitment to further learning and contribution to the sector. Nursing students felt that the authentic learning experience helped prepare them for the ‘real world’ of practice and that it aided development of their professional identities and capacity to effect real-world change. The learning activity had a positive impact on knowledge acquisition and students’ confidence to act as agents of social change.
Potential of Mangrove Apples (Sonneratia alba) as a Botanical Insecticide
Authors: Siahaya Victor George , Moniharapon Trijunianto , Mailoa Meigy Nelce , Leatemia Johanna Audrey 
Published: December 2017

This study aims to determine the potential of mangrove apple extract (Sonneratia alba) as a botanical insecticide. Tests were conducted to observe the bioactivity of mangrove apple extract and phytochemical tests were conducted in order to see the content of bioactive compounds. The test results showed that the mortality rate of test larva (Nezara viridula) reached 98%, while the phytochemical test showed that the mangrove fruit contains phytotoxin compounds that can affect the behavior and even kill the test larvae. The compounds found are flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, phenolics, and saponins. The influence of flavonoid compounds is strong enough to attract insects.
Migrant Image as an "Other Some" in the Russian Mass Media
Authors: Bakanov Roman P. , Egorova Lilia G. , Tumanov Dmitriy V. 
Published: December 2017

<p>This article reveals the main approaches and methods of forming a perception stereotype of the migrant image as "other some" in the Russian mass media. The authors of this article analyzed three federal print publications - "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", "Trud" and "Komsomolskaya Pravda", characterized as mass editions, which enabled to make the most complete coverage of several segments of the readership and to highlight the most widespread meaning of the "migrant" concept in the public consciousness. The study of the dynamics of using the "migrant" concept for the period of 2000-2013 in the Russian print media made it possible to conclude that there were shifts towards a positive assessment of "other some". If the "language of enmity" was used in the public consciousness to form the migrant image at the beginning of the period under investigation, which led to the consolidation of migrant phobia, then the situation changed by 2013 - the migrant image was more often associated with a victim of interethnic tension and corruption. The new migrant image is the image of a migrant who has not found a better life, but has adopted Russia as a second home and therefore trying to adopt new standards and living conditions and helping to solve many of the social and economic problems of Russian society. </p>
Spectral Performance and Calibration of the Suomi NPP OMPS Nadir Profiler Sensor
Authors: Pan C. , Weng F. , Flynn L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) is one of five instruments on board the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite. As part of OMPS, the Nadir Profiler (NP) spectrometer measures Earth's albedo in ultraviolet wavelengths from 250 to 310 nm to profile Earth atmospheric ozone concentration. Since launch in 2011, many changes in the NP radiometric and spectrometric calibration have been made to improve sensor data quality. The most challenging issue is to characterize instrument on‐orbit spectral calibration and to maintain a stable spectral performance to meet sensor design criteria. Validation of the NP sensor data found an average of 3–5% error in the sensor albedo measurements that exceeded 2% requirement, creating 1–2% uncertainty in ozone profile. Data analysis attributes the error to prelaunch calibration uncertainty, ground‐to‐orbit dichroic changes, and on‐orbit detector wavelength registration drifts. A recent update of calibration significantly improved spectral wavelength knowledge as well as the accuracy of the measured solar spectra. As a result, the wavelength‐dependent albedo error is significantly reduced and generally meets the radiometric uncertainty requirement of 2%.
Large Lakes Dominate CO2Evasion From Lakes in an Arctic Catchment
Authors: Rocher‐Ros Gerard , Giesler Reiner , Lundin Erik , Salimi Shokoufeh , Jonsson Anders , Karlsson Jan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCO2evasion from freshwater lakes is an important component of the carbon cycle. However, the relative contribution from different lake sizes may vary, since several parameters underlying CO2flux are size dependent. Here we estimated the annual lake CO2evasion from a catchment in northern Sweden encompassing about 30,000 differently sized lakes. We show that areal CO2fluxes decreased rapidly with lake size, but this was counteracted by the greater overall coverage of larger lakes. As a result, total efflux increased with lake size and the single largest lake in the catchment dominated the CO2evasion (53% of all CO2evaded). By contrast, the contribution from the smallest ponds (about 27,000) was minor (<6%). Our results emphasize the importance of accounting for both CO2flux rates and areal contribution of various sized lakes in assessments of CO2evasion at the landscape scale.
Sentinel‐3A Views Ocean Variability More Accurately at Finer Resolution
Authors: Heslop E. E. , Sánchez‐Román A. , Pascual A. , Rodríguez D. , Reeve K. A. , Faugère Y. , Raynal M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis is the first multiplatform evaluation involving data from the new Sentinel‐3A altimeter. An experiment was undertaken in the Algerian Basin, employing an ocean glider and a ship mission, along the same track and synchronous with an overpass of the Sentinel‐3A mission. This provided three independent views of the ocean velocity field, along a section that encompassed three different oceanographic regimes. The results demonstrate the capacity of Sentinel‐3A to retrieve fine‐scale oceanographic features (~20 km). The intercomparison with in situ platforms showed a significant improvement, order 30% in resolution and 42% in velocity accuracy using a synthetic aperture radar mode with respect to lower‐resolution mode of conventional altimetry. In addition, the three‐platform view provided valuable insight into the variability of evolving oceanographic features, in an area of the Mediterranean that remains chronically under sampled.
Influence of the Interplanetary Convective Electric Field on the Distribution of Heavy Pickup Ions Around Mars
Authors: Johnson B. C. , Liemohn M. W. , Fränz M. , Ramstad R. , Stenberg Wieser G. , Nilsson H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study obtains a statistical representation of 2–15 keV heavy ions outside of the Martian‐induced magnetosphere and depicts their organization by the solar wind convective electric field (ESW). The overlap in the lifetime of Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and Mars Express (MEX) provides a period of nearly three years during which magnetometer data from MGS can be used to estimate the direction of ESW in order to better interpret MEX ion data. In this paper we use MGS estimates of ESW to express MEX ion measurements in Mars‐Sun‐Electric field (MSE) coordinates. A new methodological technique used in this study is the limitation of the analysis to a particular instrument mode for which the overlap between proton contamination and plume observations is rare. This allows for confident energetic heavy ion identification outside the induced magnetosphere boundary. On the dayside, we observe high count rates of 2–15 keV heavy ions more frequently in the +ESW hemisphere (+ZMSE) than in the −ESW hemisphere, but on the nightside the reverse asymmetry was found. The results are consistent with planetary origin ions being picked up by the solar wind convective electric field. Though a field of view hole hinders quantification of plume fluxes and velocity space, this new energetic heavy ion identification technique means that Mars Express should prove useful in expanding the time period available to assess general plume loss variation with drivers.
Temporal Evolution of Ion Spectral Structures During a Geomagnetic Storm: Observations and Modeling
Authors: Ferradas C. P. , Zhang J.‐C. , Spence H. E. , Kistler L. M. , Larsen B. A. , Reeves G. D. , Skoug R. M. , Funsten H. O. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUsing the Van Allen Probes/Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron mass spectrometer, we perform a case study of the temporal evolution of ion spectral structures observed in the energy range of 1 to ~50 keV throughout the geomagnetic storm of 2 October 2013. The ion spectral features are observed near the inner edge of the plasma sheet and are signatures of fresh transport from the plasma sheet into the inner magnetosphere. We find that the characteristics of the ion structures are determined by the intensity of the convection electric field. Prior to the beginning of the storm, the plasma sheet inner edge exhibits narrow nose spectral structures that vary little in energy across L values. Ion access to the inner magnetosphere during these times is limited to the nose energy bands. As convection is enhanced and large amounts of plasma are injected from the plasma sheet during the main phase of the storm, ion access occurs at a wide energy range, as no nose structures are observed. As the magnetosphere recovers from the storm, single noses and then multiple noses are observed once again. We use a model of ion drift and losses due to charge exchange to simulate the ion spectra and gain insight into the main observed features.
Synthetic Empirical Chorus Wave Model From Combined Van Allen Probes and Cluster Statistics
Authors: Agapitov O. V. , Mourenas D. , Artemyev A. V. , Mozer F. S. , Hospodarsky G. , Bonnell J. , Krasnoselskikh V. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChorus waves are among the most important natural electromagnetic emissions in the magnetosphere as regards to their potential effects on electron dynamics. They can efficiently accelerate or precipitate electrons trapped in the outer radiation belt, producing either fast increases of relativistic particle fluxes or auroras at high latitudes. Accurately modeling their effects, however, requires detailed models of their wave power and obliquity distribution as a function of geomagnetic activity in a particularly wide spatial domain, rarely available based solely on the statistics obtained from only one satellite mission. Here we seize the opportunity of synthesizing data from the Van Allen Probes and Cluster spacecraft to provide a new comprehensive chorus wave model in the outer radiation belt. The respective spatial coverages of these two missions are shown to be especially complementary and further allow a good cross calibration in the overlap domain. We used 4 years (2012–2016) of Van Allen Probes VLF data in the chorus frequency range up to 12 kHz at latitudes lower than 20°, combined with 10 years of Cluster VLF measurements up to 4 kHz in order to provide a full coverage of geomagnetic latitudes up to 45° in the chorus frequency range 0.1fce–0.8fce. The resulting synthetic statistical model of chorus wave amplitude, obliquity, and frequency is presented in the form of analytical functions of latitude and Kp in three different magnetic local time sectors and for two ranges of L shells outside the plasmasphere. Such a synthetic and reliable chorus model is crucially important for accurately modeling global acceleration and loss of electrons over the long run in the outer radiation belt, allowing a comprehensive description of electron flux variations over a very wide energy range.
June Solstice Equatorial Spread F in the American Sector: A Numerical Assessment of Linear Stability Aided by Incoherent Scatter Radar Measurements
Authors: Zhan Weijia , S. Rodrigues Fabiano 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that weakening downward plasma drifts can produce favorable conditions for the ionospheric Generalized Rayleigh‐Taylor (GRT) instability and explain the occurrence of postmidnight equatorial spread F (ESF). We evaluated this hypothesis using numerical simulations aided by measurements and attempted to explain ESF events observed in the American sector during June solstice, low solar flux conditions. We analyzed plasma drifts and ESF measurements made by the incoherent scatter radar of the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (11.95° S, 76.87° W, ∼1° dip). We found adequate measurements during a prototypical, quiet time event on 4–5 June 2008 when the downward drifts weakened and a fully developed ESF appeared. The measured drifts were used as input for the SAMI2 model. SAMI2 reproduced an “apparent” uplift of the ionosphere based on h
F measurements that was consistent with expectations and observations. SAMI2 also provided parameters for estimation of the flux tube linear growth rates of GRT instability associated with the weakening drift event. We found that the weakening drifts did produce unstable conditions with positive growth rates. The growth rates, however, were slower than those obtained for typical, premidnight ESF events and those obtained for similar drift conditions in other longitude sectors. We show, however, that departures in the wind pattern, from climatological model predictions, can produce favorable conditions for instability development. Following the hypothesis of Huba and Krall (2013) and using SAMI2 simulations, we show that equatorward winds, when combined with weakening drifts, could have contributed to the unstable conditions responsible for the postmidnight ESF events.
The Influence of Aerosol Hygroscopicity on Precipitation Intensity During a Mesoscale Convective Event
Authors: Kawecki Stacey , Steiner Allison L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe examine how aerosol composition affects precipitation intensity using the Weather and Research Forecasting Model with Chemistry (version 3.6). By changing the prescribed default hygroscopicity values to updated values from laboratory studies, we test model assumptions about individual component hygroscopicity values of ammonium, sulfate, nitrate, and organic species. We compare a baseline simulation (BASE, using default hygroscopicity values) with four sensitivity simulations (SULF, increasing the sulfate hygroscopicity; ORG, decreasing organic hygroscopicity; SWITCH, using a concentration‐dependent hygroscopicity value for ammonium; and ALL, including all three changes) to understand the role of aerosol composition on precipitation during a mesoscale convective system (MCS). Overall, the hygroscopicity changes influence the spatial patterns of precipitation and the intensity. Focusing on the maximum precipitation in the model domain downwind of an urban area, we find that changing the individual component hygroscopicities leads to bulk hygroscopicity changes, especially in the ORG simulation. Reducing bulk hygroscopicity (e.g., ORG simulation) initially causes fewer activated drops, weakened updrafts in the midtroposphere, and increased precipitation from larger hydrometeors. Increasing bulk hygroscopicity (e.g., SULF simulation) simulates more numerous and smaller cloud drops and increases precipitation. In the ALL simulation, a stronger cold pool and downdrafts lead to precipitation suppression later in the MCS evolution. In this downwind region, the combined changes in hygroscopicity (ALL) reduces the overprediction of intense events (>70 mm d−1) and better captures the range of moderate intensity (30–60 mm d−1) events. The results of this single MCS analysis suggest that aerosol composition can play an important role in simulating high‐intensity precipitation events.
Intercultural Conflict and Conflict Management
Authors: Zhang Qin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis entry features intercultural conflict and conflict management, an inevitable occurrence in our increasingly globalized and diverse society. As people from different cultures interact on a daily basis, intercultural conflict likely arises from perceived cultural differences in beliefs, norms, and values, and from cultural misunderstanding or ignorance and different expectations. This entry provides an introduction to intercultural conflict, reviews relevant theoretical and empirical endeavors, summarizes the existing research using etic and emic perspectives, and offers critiques, as well as directions for future research.
Cultural Intelligence
Authors: Chen Ling 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The demand for better management and understanding of international dealings given the variability of cultures has given rise to contemporary cross‐cultural research and establishment of intercultural communication studies. A recent conception is cultural intelligence contributed by international business and cross‐cultural management scholars. The term refers to an individual's capability to adapt at all levels— cognition, metacognition, and skills—so as to effectively manage interaction in situations with cultural diversity. This entry covers conceptualization of cultural intelligence, related works on theoretical issues and practical considerations, and most recent directions.
Intercultural Communication, the Macro‐Structure
Authors: McDaniel Edwin R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis entry explicates the need to consider a variety of variables influencing intercultural communication in addition to culturally based values (e.g., collectivism, uncertainty, power distance, face, etc.), which constitute only a portion of the factors shaping a worldview (Weltanschauung). Intercultural communication in globalized contexts, particularly state‐level interactions and especially conflict resolution, requires a wider frame of reference to accurately access the participants' worldview perspective. The impact of factors constituting the macro‐structure of cross‐cultural communicative exchanges must be examined in order to attain a more comprehensive, in‐depth understanding of the interactants' motivations, goals, and constraints. Macro‐structural factors include dynamics such as national ideologies, contested geopolitical issues, socioeconomic considerations, and collective historical memories. Relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States are used as a model to illustrate the selected macro‐structural factors influencing cross‐cultural communication at the nation‐state level.
Integrative Communication Theory of Cross‐Cultural Adaptation
Authors: Kim Young Yun 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The integrative communication theory of cross‐cultural adaptation provides two models to explain how and why people, on relocating from a familiar home culture to a new culture, are changed by continuous experiences of interacting with the host environment. The process model presents the stress‐adaptation‐growth dynamic as the dialectic and cyclic psychological movement underpinning an individual's gradual transformation toward greater functional fitness and psychological health vis‐à‐vis the host environment and an emergent intercultural identity orientation beyond the boundaries of a single culture. The structural model highlights the individual's ability to communicate according to the host cultural norms and practices and active engagement in the host interpersonal and mass communication activities as the main engine driving his/her adaptation process. These communication factors are further explained as influencing, and being influenced by, key conditions of the host environment and the individual's own personal and ethnic predispositions.
Intercultural Communication in Healthcare
Authors: Kirschbaum Kristin A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The complex issue of culture within healthcare has multiple facets. Verbal and nonverbal communication can create barriers to healthcare. Those barriers are exacerbated by increasingly diverse populations worldwide without equally diverse cultural affiliations of healthcare providers. Lack of trained interpreters and lack of cultural sensitivity further aggravate communication difficulties. Language barriers and minimization of cultural differences may also contribute to stereotyping behavior and biased or prejudicial attitudes toward patients and healthcare providers. At the same time, cultural beliefs and approaches to healthcare are deeply ingrained and most often not overtly communicated. Instead culture and beliefs surrounding healthcare are transmitted from one generation to another through observations that are witnessed first‐hand or through recounted experiences of others. The developmental model of intercultural sensitivity is one option that could help providers recognize the complexity of culture toward a goal of increased cultural sensitivity, ethnorelativity, and improved communication.