bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image‐based backbone reconstruction for non‐slender soft robots
Authors: Schindler Leon , de Payrebrune Kristin M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOne advantage of soft robots to conventional robots is their continuous deformation, which makes them highly adaptable to their surroundings. To describe the kinematics of soft robots it is not sufficient to only know the position of the end‐effector. Instead, the steady state of a soft robot can be described by its backbone curvature. An image‐based backbone reconstruction method is used and adopted for a non‐slender soft robot to reconstruct the backbone curve using polynomials to describe an arc length‐dependent curvature. A constant curvature and cubic curvature polynomial have been tested to reconstruct the backbone curve. In the case of a pressurized soft robot without externally applied loads, the constant curvature polynomial can be used to reconstruct the backbone of the soft robot using an image‐based approach, yielding good agreement with the captured images. However, some care has to be put into the consideration of the soft robot geometry in this method, to guide the optimization procedure. From our findings, we can conclude that it is not necessary to apply markers to the soft robot to reconstruct the backbone, nor is it necessary to have a detailed geometric model of the soft robot to be used in a differential rendering process. An image‐based iterative‐closest‐point optimization method, with some carefully placed estimate points, to integrate the volumetric structure of the soft robot can yield good results for the reconstructed backbones.
Rationale for irradiation of persisting oligo‐skeletal metastases to improve survival of metastatic neuroblastoma patients with a poor response to chemotherapy: A retrospective study
Authors: Rossillon Lea , Edeline Véronique , Agrigoroaie Laurentiu , Pasqualini Claudia , Berlanga Pablo , Bolle Stephanie , Dufour Christelle , Valteau‐Couanet Dominique 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPersistent metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG)‐positive skeletal metastases post induction in high‐risk neuroblastoma correlate with a poor outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential rationale for a prospective randomized study evaluating the impact on event‐free survival of the irradiation of residual oligo‐skeletal metastases.ProcedurePatients over 1 year with a stage M neuroblastoma treated between 2000 and 2020 at Gustave Roussy were identified. Patients with a positive mIBG scan at diagnosis and persistent skeletal metastases after high‐dose chemotherapy (HDC) were included. Data were retrospectively collected and mIBG scans reviewed by two nuclear medicine physicians.ResultsPersistent skeletal uptake after HDC was observed in 30/201 patients (15%). Four patients reached a complete response at the end of maintenance treatment and did not relapse (median follow‐up [FU] 8 years [1.8–11.8]), while two patients had progressive disease during maintenance. Among the 24 patients with persistent skeletal uptakes at the end of treatment, seven had a persistent response (median FU 8.2 years [4–15.6]). Median SIOPEN (International Society of Paediatric Oncology European Neuroblastoma) scores post consolidation and at the end of treatment were, respectively, 2 [1–6] and 2 [0–4] for patients with persistent responses compared to 4 [1–28] and 2 [1–17] for patients with progressive diseases. Median SIOPEN score at progression was 34 [2–56].ConclusionsOur study underlines that only a minority of patients had persistent skeletal mIBG‐positive scans after HDC. Recurrence mainly occurred in disease sites present at diagnosis that cleared with chemotherapy. On‐therapy control of the disease is the main challenge. These results highlight the complexity of conducting a randomized study exploring this strategy.
Extrem neutronenreicher Sauerstoffkern
Authors: Aumann Thomas , Schwenk Achim 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungEinem internationalen Forschungsteam ist es gelungen, den neutronenreichsten Sauerstoff Kern 28O mit 20 Neutronen an der Forschungsanlage RIKEN in Japan zu erzeugen. Dies gibt entscheidende Einblicke in die starke Wechselwirkung unter den neutronenreichsten Bedingungen, die im Labor erreicht werden können. Diese wichtigen Tests der starken Wechselwirkung erlauben es, verlässliche Vorhersagen für neutronenreiche Materie in Neutronensternen zu entwickeln.
The BnaBPs gene regulates flowering time and leaf angle in Brassica napus
Authors: Yu Jiang , Xue Yi‐Xuan , Sarwar Rehman , Wei Shi‐Hao , Geng Rui , Zhang Yan‐Feng , Mu Jian‐Xin , Tan Xiao‐Li 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe flowering time and plant architecture of Brassica napus were significantly associated with yield. In this study, we found that the BREVIPEDICELLUS/KNAT1(BP) gene regulated the flowering time and plant architecture of B. napus. However, the precise regulatory mechanism remains unclear. We cloned two homologous BP genes, BnaBPA03 and BnaBPC03, from B. napus Xiaoyun. The protein sequence analysis showed two proteins containing conserved domains KNOX I, KNOX II, ELK, and HOX of the KONX protein family. The CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines exhibited early budding and flowering time, coupled with floral organ abscission earlier and a larger leaf angle. On the contrary, overexpression plants displayed a phenotype that was the inverse of these characteristics. Furthermore, we observed upregulation of gibberellin and ethylene biosynthesis genes, as well as floral integrator genes in knocked‐out plants. The results revealed that BnaBPs play a role in flowering time, floral organ abscission, and leaf angle as well as germination processes mediated. Additionally, BnaBPs exerted an impact on the biosynthesis pathways of ethylene and GA.
The Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Insensitive Energetic Materials Based on 5‐(5‐Nitro‐1H‐1,2,4‐Triazol‐3‐yl)‐1H‐Tetrazole
Authors: Lin Chenchen , Yi Pingping , Yi Xiaoyi , Wang Tingwei , Zhang Jianguo , He Piao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe design and synthesis of insensitive energetic materials are a necessary and challenging work. The synthesis of novel nitrogen‐rich salts based on 5‐(5‐Nitro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)‐1H‐tetrazole (H2NTT) has been presented. Structural characterization of these two salts was accomplished by utilizing NMR, MS, IR spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The standard heats of formation were calculated, and the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and sensitivity test were carried out. Their detonation performances were estimated by EXPLO 5 program. These newly synthesized salts showed highly positive heat of formation and low sensitivity. It is noteworthy that the diaminoguanidine salt b exhibited good detonation performance superior to traditional explosive TNT (Trinitrotoluene), making it a prospective candidate for insensitive energetic material.
Innovative Core–Shell Tubular Structure in Polymer/Manganese–Nickel Oxide/Carbon Nanotube Blends for Electrochemical Components
Authors: Fu Yue , Dong Yangyang , Zhang Xiangchao , Niu Haijun , Qin Chuanli , Jiang Xiankai 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTo address the issue of electrochemical performance degradation resulting from redox reactions during the charging and discharging of supercapacitors, we introduced a novel electrode material featuring a core–shell attachment structure (PANI@(MnO2 + NiO)) with the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The introduction of CNT on top of the core–shell structure by a simple chemical synthesis method helps to improve the double‐layer capacitance and Faraday capacitance of the composite. Thus, multiple synergistic effects can be produced to improve charge storage capacity. The morphology structure and electrochemical properties of PANI@(MnO2 + NiO)@CNT were analyzed. In a three‐electrode configuration, the specific capacitance of the composite is 327 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Remarkably, the capacitance retention rate exceeded 75% after 5000 charge–discharge cycles. Calculations indicate that in a supercapacitor employing a 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte, the composite demonstrated energy and power densities of 48.1 W h kg−1 and 999.9 W kg−1, respectively. This kind of core–shell structural composites achieved electrochemical properties in line with expectations through a simple chemical synthesis method. As a practical application of supercapacitor electrode materials, PANI@(MnO2 + NiO)@CNT have better electrical properties than similar materials and have broad application prospects in industrial production.
Works for Me: Personalizing Skilled Trade Worker Training via Smart Hand Tools
Authors: Collier Chelsea , Fleischmann Kenneth R. , Greenberg Sherri R. , Lassiter Tina , Kim Jen Bokyung , Salazar Carlos , New Rachel , Longoria Raul G. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper explores an approach for applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) to co‐design smart hand tools to personalize learning for future skilled trade workers in workforce training programs. The purpose of this research is to better understand the perspectives of workers in the skilled trades and to respond with co‐designed socio‐technical interventions that empower workers. The research benefits from a collaboration between The University of Texas at Austin, the City of Austin, and Austin Community College (ACC) and incorporates insights from welding instructors and students, as well as skilled trade workers and supervisors. Social science findings derived from semi‐structured interviews inform tool design implemented by an interdisciplinary research team. The participatory design approach has resulted in two prototypes: a welding simulator that uses Augmented Reality (AR) and an AI‐enabled (smart) rotary tool. This paper has implications for workforce development to address skilled worker shortages. Additionally, it contributes to ongoing research into AI and skilled trade work which is understudied compared to AI and knowledge work.
Ensuring Consistency in Interagency Government Data Exchange: A Blockchain‐based Solution
Authors: Geng Qian , Chuai Ziang , Jin Jian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTEffective data exchange holds the potential to bridge information gaps between government agencies, creating essential prerequisites for enhanced collaboration. However, consistency issue often hinders the performance of interagency government data exchange. Inconsistent query results may be returned from different databases if data records are not timely synchronized, degrading mutual trust and collaboration efficiency among agencies. To address this issue, an interagency government data exchange approach is proposed. Specifically, consortium blockchain is leveraged as a write‐ahead log, enabling different agencies to trace relevant requests failed to be executed in real‐time, thereby promptly providing consistent query results. Detailed settings on protocol level are designed for the blockchain platform to facilitate data exchange regulation, including data structures, consensus algorithms and access control mechanism. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach and investigate the impact of different parameters on data consistency and system availability.
Exploratory Search in Digital Humanities: A Study of Visual Keyword/Result Linking
Authors: Hoeber Orland , Harvey Morgan , Momeni Milad , Pirmoradi Abbas , Gleeson David 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWhile searching within digital humanities collections is an important aspect of digital humanities research, the search features provided are usually more suited to lookup search than exploratory search. This limits the ability of digital humanities scholars to undertake complex search scenarios. Drawing upon recent studies on supporting exploratory search in academic digital libraries, we implemented two visual keyword/result linking approaches for searching within the Europeana collection; one that keeps the keywords linked to the search results and another that aggregates the keywords over the search result set. Using a controlled laboratory study, we assessed these approaches in comparison to the existing Europeana search mechanisms. We found that both visual keyword/result linking approaches were improvements over the baseline, with some differences between the new approaches that were dependent on the stage of the exploratory search process. This work illustrates the value of providing advanced search functionality within digital humanities collections to support exploratory search processes, and the need for further design and study of digital humanities search tools that support complex search scenarios.
Social Media Memory of January 6: Content Analysis of Twitter One Year Later
Authors: Martell Allan , Goryl Sasha , Sai Nannapaneni 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWe report on the results of a content analysis of a random sample of tweets (n = 16, 480) about the January 6th insurrection published one year after the attacks. Drawing from research on social media memory, far‐right activism, and social memories in times of crises, we performed a deductive manual coding of the tweets. We found that roughly four of every ten Twitter users remembered the U.S. Capitol attack as an insurrection. Importantly, though, the insurrection frame was adopted by users who were in favor and against the attack. The other most frequent frames were censorship, used by people who aimed to discredit the idea that there had been an insurrection; treason, used by people across the political spectrum to claim that “the other side” had betrayed the United States; fear of other, employed by users who blamed “the others” for the insurrection and its aftermath; and accountability, used by people against the insurrection to call for the attackers to face justice and its leaders to be barred from holding public office. We also noticed that the different frames were not exclusive. Those who used the term “insurrection” frequently used others such as accountability, censorship, treason, terrorism, and conspiracy.
Lawyers' Perspectives on Surveillance in U.S. Immigration Enforcement
Authors: Needle Jessica P. , Fleischmann Kenneth R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIncreasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data in surveillance by the U.S. immigration enforcement has led to important ethical considerations. This paper aims to explore the extent to which immigration lawyers are aware of surveillance technologies in their work with immigrants and the lawyers' potential concerns about surveillance technologies. Through a thematic analysis of six semi‐structured interviews with U.S. immigration lawyers and legal practitioners, this research reveals three overarching themes that describe lawyers' perspectives on surveillance: surveillance knowledge, surveillance assemblage, and surveillance implications. These themes are rooted in lawyers' understandings, experiences, and encounters with surveillance in their daily work with immigrant communities and contribute to existing work at the intersection of surveillance, information studies, and immigration. This work calls on information scholars to explore and expand on understandings of surveillance within U.S. immigration enforcement.
Personal Information of Medical Learners in Canada: A Review of Policies and Expectations
Authors: Park Jay Kelly , Feng Nicholas C 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper explores whether the Canadian medical universities' policies on personal information to protect and provide access meet the expectations of their learners. An overview of the current legislation is presented in the order of federal, provincial/territorial, and university level. This is followed by a process of reviewing a paper published by the Canadian Federation of Medical Students and conducting thematic analysis on pertinent court judgements to understand Canadian medical learners' expectations of personal information handling practices. Through this process, we develop a list of nominal variables that represents learner expectations. For analysis, we conduct descriptive research to review medical universities' policies and utilize a matrix to cross‐check the policies against the list of variables. The resulting matrix presents a visualization that highlights areas where the policies and medical learners' expectations converge and diverge. Our findings indicate that most universities acknowledge the importance of responsibly handling personal information but did not touch on certain variables, such as oversight of third‐party data stewards and information transfer processes within the medical education community. Insights from our findings may contribute to the development of policies and participation from professional regulatory authorities.
“There's a big difference between going through life with the wind at your back, and going through life leaning into the wind”: Feminism in Post‐World War II Information Science
Authors: Poole Alex H. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper centers on feminism in post‐World War II information science, namely in the context of the American Documentation Institute (ADI) and the subsequent American Society for Information Science (ASIS). We focus on the years between 1962, when ADI elected its first woman president, and 1988, when it celebrated its 50th anniversary—a period that overlapped with that of second‐wave feminism in the United States. This research makes three scholarly interventions. First, we contribute to the history of information science, particularly to the history of women in the field. Second, we train a feminist epistemology lens on the field. This involves considering women's participation, representation, and marginalization in information science, on the one hand, and the ways in which information scientists approached women's lives, experiences, and bodies, on the other. Third, we situate information science in the broader history of science, juxtaposing ADI/ASIS with other scientific societies' engagement with feminism. In contrast to the national political, social, and cultural changes it wrought, feminism made little headway in information science during this period. The field largely denied women equity, inclusion, and belonging.
Standardizing Vehicle Travel Speed Data for Road Safety
Authors: Salas Liliana , Adkins Arlie 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn 2022, almost 50,000 people died in road crashes in the United States, with speeding implicated in 29% of these fatalities. Despite known links between vehicle speed and crash occurrence and severity, there are no federal guidelines for collecting vehicle travel speed (VTS) data. Cities with open VTS data are using unstandardized datasets, which complicates large‐scale and cross‐jurisdictional analysis. We conducted a qualitative assessment of open data repositories for the 25 largest U.S. cities, using a framework of knowledge representation, evaluated twelve metadata components, and determined the potential usability of these datasets. Our knowledge representation framework includes five data elements: speed metric, timestamp, geospatial representation, posted speed and vehicle type. Findings show that one‐quarter of these cities have open VTS datasets. Of those cities, none has a VTS dataset containing all the elements defined in our framework. This suggests the need to design information policy standards for the collection and sharing of open VTS data.
Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreak Response: Exploring the Sensemaking Process of an Expert Advisory Group
Authors: Seto Iva , Johnstone David , Campbell‐Meier Jennifer 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of crisis research, particularly in the response phase. This research explores long duration crisis sensemaking of an Expert Advisory Group (EAG) during an emerging disease outbreak which has implications for the conduct of COVID‐19 public inquiries. The members of the Ontario SARS Scientific Advisory Committee (OSSAC) for the 2003 SARS outbreak in Canada, provide the context for this study. Among their duties, these experts were tasked to write directives (mandated protocols) that govern all aspects of hospital life, such as the protocol for transferring SARS patients. Data were collected in multiple forms, including: public inquiry reports, meeting minutes, newspaper articles, and interviews. Following a constructivist grounded theory strategy, several iterations of data collection and analysis were completed. The findings include a conceptual framework that depicts the sensemaking process and illuminates the relationship between retrospective (after an event has occurred) and prospective (future‐oriented) sensemaking.
Building a Multimodal Dataset of Academic Paper for Keyword Extraction
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Yan Xinyi , Xiang Yi , Zhang Yingyi , Zhang Chengzhi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTUp to this point, keyword extraction task typically relies solely on textual data. Neglecting visual details and audio features from image and audio modalities leads to deficiencies in information richness and overlooks potential correlations, thereby constraining the model's ability to learn representations of the data and the accuracy of model predictions. Furthermore, the currently available multimodal datasets for keyword extraction task are particularly scarce, further hindering the progress of research on multimodal keyword extraction task. Therefore, this study constructs a multimodal dataset of academic paper consisting of 1,000 samples, with each sample containing paper text, images, audios and keywords. Based on unsupervised and supervised methods of keyword extraction, experiments are conducted using textual data from papers, as well as text extracted from images and audio. The aim is to investigate the differences in performance in keyword extraction task with respect to different modal information and the fusion of multimodal information. The experimental results indicate that text from different modalities exhibits distinct characteristics in the model. The concatenation of paper text, image text and audio text can effectively enhance the keyword extraction performance of academic papers.
Exploration of the Effectiveness and Experience of AI‐Assisted Academic Reading
Authors: Zheng Xiaochuan , Fan Hao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAI‐assisted reading tool has rapidly gained popularity because it can simplify and improve the process of comprehending research papers. This study examines their actual impact on students' academic reading effectiveness and experience. Two groups of participants were recruited for quasi‐experiment and use Mann–Whitney non‐parametric test to analyze their academic reading effectiveness and experience. Content analysis is employed to extract and analyze prompts posed by participants with AI‐assisted reading tool. Results show that positive impacts are noted on retelling of “Results”, “Conclusion”, and “Critical thinking”. However, negative effects emerge in “Background & purpose”, “Methodology”, and “Detail”. User experiences reveal “Concentration” challenges but positive perceptions of “Time fly”, “Control”, and “Feel joyful”. Students tend to pose self‐generated prompts rather than recommend prompts. AI‐assisted reading tools offer overall benefits but necessitate recognizing negative impacts. Students are encouraged to enhance their digital literacy to use AI‐assisted reading tools. Additionally, optimizing tool functions is essential for sustainable development.