bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of intravitreous bevacizumab injections on perceived quality of life in a cohort of patients with exudative age related macular degeneration: real life results at 4 years
Authors: Montero Moreno J.A. , Arnaiz C. , Martinez‐Perez L. , de la Fuente A. , Gonzalez Uruena C. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo examine the relationship between visual acuity, number of injections performed and Quality of Life (QoL) outcomes in patients with exudative age related macular degeneration (AMD) treated by intravitreal bevacizumab.MethodsSingle centre, prospective study. This is a prospective study that was performed on 59 patients treated by intravitreal bevacizumab for exudative AMD on a treat and extend regime during four years in real life conditions at a public university hospital. Patients were evaluated by best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) charts, posterior biomicroscopy, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). In order to evaluate perceived visual quality of life the Visual Functioning Questionnaire‐25 (NEI‐VFQ25) was used prior to any visual test at baseline, at month 6, at month 12 and at month 48.ResultsTwenty patients completed the 4 year follow‐up. Mean age at baseline was 78 years (range 55 to 88). At baseline 11 patients showed bilateral disease (16 patients at month 48). The average number of injections performed was 12 (range 0–48). The average number of ETDRS letters read at baseline was 50.6 (range 1–85, SD 27.3) vs. 49.4 (range 1–82, SD 26.0) by the end of the 48‐month period. The average values in NEI‐VFQ25 in Health and Vision items and those related to Difficulty with Activities were 2.9 and 3 at baseline and at 48 months. The average value in Response to Vision Problems items decreased from 4 to 3.ConclusionsA mild decrease in BCVA was associated with a similar decrease in the perceived quality of life determined by NEI‐VFQ25 in patients with exudative AMD treated by intravitreal bevacizumab after four years treatment on a treat and extend regime.
The effect of systemic alfuzosin hydrochloride on choroidal thickness and pupil diameter sizes
Authors: Doğan M. , Kutluksaman B. , Karalar M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate and investigate the effects of α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist alfuzosin hydrochloride on anterior and posterior segment findings using Sirius Scheimpflug/Placido photography‐based topography system and enhanced depth imaging spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (EDI‐OCT).MethodsThis prospective study was performed with newly diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia, 25 eyes of 25 patients, initiated alfuzosin hydrochloride, were evaluated in this study. Anterior segment and posterior segment findings were noted at baseline, 1st and 3rd month. Results were compared statistically.ResultsThe mean subfoveal choroidal thickness 274.05 μm, and the mean 3 mm nasal thickness to the fovea 267.80 and the mean 3 mm temporal thickness to the fovea was 269.10 μm at baseline and they were 275.7 μm, 269.15 μm and 270.85 μm at 1st month and they were 278.10 μm, 271.40 μm and 273.25 μm at 3rd month, (p < 0.05, for all). The mean schirmer test values were 13.75–12.15 and 11.40 mm (respectively, at baseline, 1st and 3rd month) (p < 0.001). Besides, the mean scotopic and photopic pupil diameter values were 7.91 and 4.88 mm at baseline, and they were 7.47 mm and 4.38 mm at 1st month and 6.62–3.55 mm at 3rd month (p < 0.001).ConclusionsAlfuzosin caused a significant increase in choroidal thickness measurements. It was determined that significant decreases of scothopic and photopic pupil diameter sizes in pupillography, this reductions can be considered that alfuzosin may effect pupil size with blockade α‐adrenoceptors in iris dilator muscle of humans.
Diabetic retinopathy and hearing loss: results from Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KHANES V) (2010–2012)
Authors: Shin Y.U. , Cho H. , Lim H.W. , Seong M. , Kang M.H. , Hong E.H. , Chung J.H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeMicrovascular vascular diseases have known as risk factors of hearing loss. There may be a relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and hearing loss based on their vascular etiology. We investigated the association between hearing loss and severity of diabetic retinopathy.MethodsFor this cross‐sectional, population based study, we used data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (2010–2012). We enrolled adults aged 40 years or more with diabetes. The subjects with conductive hearing loss or missing exam data were excluded. Demographic, socioeconomic, general medical data were used for this analysis. We defined hearing loss using puretone average air‐conducted hearing thresholds. DR was divided into no DR, non‐proliferative DR and proliferative DR. Participants were divided into two groups (middle age (≤60) vs. old age groups (>60)). Association between hearing loss and DR was determined using logistic regression analyses.Results1045 subjects (n = 411 in middle age group, n = 634 in old age group) were finally enrolled. Overall, a proportion of hearing loss is 57.2% in no DR, 61.4% in NPDR and 85.0% in PDR. Logistic regression model after adjusting age, sex and other confounding factors showed only age (OR, 1.13, 95% CI 1.01–1.16) and sex (male) (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.49–6.00) were associated with hearing loss. However, in middle age group, age (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04–1.15), sex (male) (OR 4.88, 95% CI 2.01–11.90), the presence of PDR (OR 9.63, 95% CI 2.17–42.59) and noise exposure (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.03–3.29) were associated with hearing loss, while only age (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.15–1.26) was significant in old age group.ConclusionsOur study supports a potential role for microvascular diseases in the development of hearing loss especially in middle aged patients. Retinopathy could be window of various other vascular pathologies.
Outbreak of fungal endophthalmits following cataract surgery
Authors: Moon D. , Lee S. , You Y. , Lee D. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo report clinical features, microbiology, and treatment outcomes of fungal endophthalmitis following cataract surgery.MethodsThe medical and cytopathologic records of all patients treated by the retina specialists at Nune Eye Hospital (Seoul, Korea) between May, 2014 and February, 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsTotal 13cases of 12 patients transfer to our hospital for management of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery at one local clinic between April 8, 2014 and May 15, 2014. A presenting best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was various (range, hand motion – 20/40). Surgical managements include vitrectomy, capsulectomy, IOL removal and pre and postoperative intravitreal cocktail (vancomycin, ceftadizime with or without dexamethasone and voriconazole) injection were done. Fungal elements of were detected by direct microscopy in all patients. The final visual outcomes were as follows: 10 of 13 cases achieved ≥20/100 which same or better VA than at the first visit. However 3 of 13 cases resulted in poor VA because of enucleated due to uncontrolled inflammation and retinal detachment (RD), macular hole with RD and corneal ulcer in spite of good surgical outcome, respectively.ConclusionsFungal endophthalmitis following cataract surgery is rare but could occur. Therefore the possibility of fungal infection should always keep in mind when postoperative intraocular inflammation occurred. Also, fungal endophthalmitis could occur collectively. If fungal endophthalmitis is suspected or diagnosed, surgical management including IOL removal, total capsulectomy and exhaustive anterior vitrectomy should be performed as soon as possible and long term postoperative management including intravitreal injections and systemic treatment of antibacterial and antifungal agents may thought to be helpful in achieving a good visual outcome.
Clinical precision for follow‐up of glaucoma with PIMD‐2 Pi
Authors: Sandberg Melin C. , Malmberg F. , Söderberg P. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo estimate sources of variation in measurements of the waist of the retinal ganglion cell axons in the optic nerve head (ONH) over 2π, PIMD‐2π, and the consequences for clinical follow‐up.MethodsThe ONH of each of 18 eyes from 18 glaucoma subjects was imaged 3 times with SD‐OCT (Topcon 3D OCT 2000, Japan, protocol 3D‐Disc cube) at 2 separate occasions within 3 months. PIMD‐2π was segmented 3 times with a custom semi‐automatic algorithm. The magnitude of the variation among occasions, volumes and segmentations was estimated with an analysis of variance. The consequences of the estimated sources of variation for clinical follow‐up was finally modelled, assuming a PIMD‐2π loss rate of 10% of baseline and one segmentation of PIMD‐2π. The significance level was set to 0.05.ResultsThe variance for volumes was estimated to be on the order of 0.3 of the variance for occasions. The variance for segmentation was negligible compared to the variance for volumes. A significant change of PIMD‐2π from baseline can be detected in 1.5–2 years. Increasing the number of visits per year from 1 to 4 substantially improves the detectability of PIMD‐2π change from baseline. More than 4 visits per year does not improve the detectability further. Increasing the number of volumes per visit does not improve detectability.ConclusionsWithin‐subject morphometric estimation of the waist of the retinal ganglion cell axons in the ONH as PIMD‐2π has potential as a useful estimate for follow‐up of glaucoma.
Management of acute corneal hydrops in keratoconus with pre‐Descemet's membrane sutures
Authors: Brehon A. , Stephan S. , Nguyen Kim P. , Cochereau I. , Gabison E. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo report three cases of corneal hydrops in patients with keratoconus that were managed with pre‐descemet's membrane (DM) sutures associated with intracameral air injection assisted with the ZEISS RESCAN 700 surgical microscope under general anesthesia to shorten the period of corneal edema, to achieve corneal stability and to reduce the duration of the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.MethodsThe first patient, a 27‐year‐old man affected by a Down's syndrome associated with a bilateral keratoconus presented with corneal hydrops in his right eye resulting from a central vertical tear in DM. Three horizontal pre‐DM sutures were performed. The second patient, a 26‐year‐old man affected by a Down's syndrome associated with a bilateral keratoconus presented with corneal hydrops in his left eye resulting from a central horizontal tear in DM. Five vertical pre‐DM sutures were achieved. The third patient, a 43‐year‐old woman with bilateral keratoconus presented with corneal hydrops in her left eye resulting from a central vertical tear in DM. Four horizontal pre‐DM sutures were achieved.ResultsOne month after the pre‐DM sutures, the edema resolved clinically and the pachymetry dramatically decreased on anterior segment OCT. The visual acuity of the Two first patients, while subjectively improved, were not measurable, the third patient visual acuity improved from counting fingers at 1 foot to 1,4logMAR at 20 foots from day one to month six.ConclusionsIntrastromal pre‐DM sutures and intracameral air injection could promptly restore imperviousness of posterior stroma. This technique seems to be a useful procedure to shorten acute corneal hydrops. This impressive clinical response to stromal sutures led us to hypothesize that the pathogenesis of corneal hydrops may correspond to an acute ‘fracture’ of the corneal stroma secondarily leading to DM tear.
The evaluation of intrastromal MyoRing implantation with corneal collagen cross‐linking in keratoconus treatment
Authors: kazakbaeva G. , Bikbov M. , Usubov E. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate functional results of MyoRing implantation with corneal collagen cross‐linking for progressive keratoconus and to find differences in clinical outcomes between the group after Myoring implantation and the group after combined procedure.MethodsThe corneal MyoRing implantation with corneal collagen cross‐linking was performed in 71 eyes with progressive keratoconus of the II‐III disease degree according to the Amsler classification. MyoRings were implanted using a Pocketmaker keratome. Saturation of the cornea was performed with 0.1% riboflavin within 10–15 min. UV irradiation was done after implantation of Myoring for 30 min. Mean thickness of the cornea at the thinnest point was 478 μm. The follow‐up period was 24 months.ResultsUCVA increased from 0.10 ± 0.06 to 0.39 ± 0.21, in the first day after surgery. Refractive power of the cornea decreased from 51.85 ± 5.57 D to 44.55 ± 5.89 D. The spheroeqivalent (SE) preoperatively decreased from −7.79 ± 3.59 D to 0.14 ± 2.92 D. Dynamic observation after 24 months showed stabilization of clinical and functional results. UCVA was 0.50 ± 0.28, Keratometry – 45.53 ± 4.08 D and SE was −1.80 ± 2.98 D.ConclusionsCombination of CXL and MyoRing implantation can be an effective approach for keratoconus treatment by providing visual rehabilitation. Intrastromal corneal MyoRing implantation with corneal collagen cross‐linking allows correct not only the keratoconus followed ametropia but also to slow down the progression of the disease.
Electric shock‐induced retinal vein occlusion: a propos of two cases
Authors: Ascaso F.J. , Bartolomé I. , Berniolles J. , Esteban O. , Martínez M. , Almenara C. , Sánchez I. , Honrubia A. , Núñez E. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeOcular damage after electric injury is a rare complication. The most commonly described damages are cataract, papillitis, and more rarely vascular complications. Optic nerve and retina have a low resistance, what can lead easily to their damage, affected by ischemia resulting from coagulation and necrosis from vascular structures.MethodsWe report two cases of middle aged, otherwise healthy men, who suffered an episode of retinal vein occlusion, both occurring following a low‐voltage shock. Both patients came to the Emergency department complaining a decreased visual acuity without any systemic damage due to the electric injury.ResultsBoth patients were diagnosed of a retinal vein occlusion and underwent intravitreal therapy with corticosteroids and antiangiogenic drugs. They were followed for 4 and 5 years and kept a visual acuity of 0.2 and 0.8, respectively.ConclusionsOphthalmologists should be aware of an infrequent complication such as retinal vein occlusion when receiving a patient who has suffered an electric injury.
The retinal macroglia in hypercholesterolemic rabbits: neuroprotective effect of a non‐lipid‐lowering statin dose
Authors: Fernandez‐Navarro J. , Rojas B. , de Hoz R. , Ramirez A.I. , Gallego B.I. , Salazar J.J. , Triviño A. , Ramirez J.M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the pleiotropic effects of low‐dose statins in the morphology of retinal macroglia in long‐term hypercholesterolemic rabbits and to quantify treatment‐induced astrocyte changes.MethodsNew Zealand rabbits were split into three groups: Control (G0; n = 10), fed a standard diet; Hypercholesterolemic (G1; n = 8), fed a 0.5% cholesterol‐enriched diet for 8 months; and Statins (G2; n = 8), fed a 0.5% cholesterol‐enriched diet for 8 months together with the administration of fluvastatin sodium or pravastatin sodium at a dose of 2 mg/Kg/day each. Eyes were processed for immunohistochemistry using anti‐GFAP. The retinal area occupied by astrocytes was quantified.ResultsMüller cells and astrocytes were reactive in G1 and G2. In contrast with G1, no GFAP+ Müller cells forming glial scar‐like structures were detected in G2. In comparison with G0: i) the retinal area occupied by astrocytes associated with the nerve bundles was statistically reduced in G1 (p < 0.006); however, no significant changes were observed in G2; and ii) the retinal area occupied by perivascular astrocytes in G1 was significantly reduced (p < 0.003) due to the disappearance of perivascular astrocytes from the vessels, but significantly increased in G2 (p < 0.030), given that perivascular astrocytes did not disappear from the vessels and were reactive.ConclusionsDespite serum cholesterol values remained unchanged, treatment with low‐dose statins preserved retinal macroglia. The pleiotropic effects of the statins seem to help to prevent astroglial death induced by hypercholesterolemia.
The effect of center shift on the measurement of macular thickness: a spectral domain optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Kim J.Y. , Shin K.S. , Lim H.B. , Shin I.H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of spectral domain‐optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) measurement center shift on the measurement of macular thickness.MethodsProspective observational case series. A total of 60 normal eyes of 60 subjects included in the study. SD‐OCT macular scanning (macular cube 512 × 128 scan) was performed twice by an experienced examiner. The average retinal thicknesses of the nine macular sectors as defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) were recorded. Each coefficient of repeatability was calculated for the macular thickness measurements of the ETDRS subfields. Thereafter, the measurement center was manually decentered to a seven scan point, each from the central fovea in steps of 58.7 μm horizontally and 47.2 μm vertically. At each shift point, the change in the macular thickness was compared.ResultsWhen the displacement distance between the measurement center point and the foveal center was within 117.4 μm horizontally and 141.6 μm vertically, the macular thickness measurements did not show any significant differences. However, if the offset of the EDTRS grid center from the anatomic fovea exceeded, we noted that the thickness at the fovea increased and the opposite‐direction region at the inner circle was significantly thinner than the displaced point.ConclusionsThe effect of measurement center shift needs to be considered when analyzing the macular thickness measurements in various ophthalmologic diseases.
Long‐term prognosis of visual acuity in eyes with retinal pigments epithelial tears
Authors: Cha D.M. , Yoon S.W. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the long‐term prognosis of visual acuity in the eyes with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tears treated with anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) repeatedly.MethodsSix eyes of 4 patients diagnosed with RPE tear were studied retrospectively. All the patients were followed up at least for 24 months. If there was evidence of active leaking from choroidal neovascular membrane despite RPE tear, anti‐VEGF injection was done repeatedly at the discretion of ophthalmologists.ResultsThe mean visual acuity was 20/500 in the break of RPE tear, and the final visual acuity was 20/200. Foveal involvement of RPE tear was the most important factor of the final visual acuity. Four eye with RPE tears involved foveola, although final visual acuity remained more than 20/200 in the two eyes. Anti‐VEGF injection varied from zero to 19. More anti‐VEGF injection was associated with the better final visual acuity.ConclusionsIn our study, RPE tear did not suggest poor visual acuity in the long‐term follow up known to be different. Active anti‐VEGF injection might be needed to improve visual acuity in the long term follow up.
Mitochondrial inhibition of retinal Müller cells alter glutamate homeostasis and their ability to sustain retinal ganglion cells
Authors: Skytt D.M. , Vohra R. , Toft‐Kehler A.K. , Gurubaran I.S. , Bergersen L.H. , Kolko M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeGlia‐neuron partnership is important for inner retinal homeostasis and any disturbances may result in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Müller cells support RGCs with essential functions such as removing excess glutamate and providing neurons with energy sources. In this study, we evaluated consequences of mitochondrial inhibition on retinal Müller cells and their ability to sustain RGCs.MethodsThe human Müller glial cell line, MIO‐M1, as well as mono‐ and co‐cultures of primary C56Bl/6 mouse Müller cells and RGCs, was used as cellular models. Cells were treated with 10 uM antimycin A to inhibit mitochondrial function. Changes in glutamate uptake in Müller cells were examined by kinetic assays with 3H‐l‐glutamate. Cell viability was evaluated by LDH assays. Regulations in gene and protein expression were evaluated by qPCR and western blotting.ResultsMitochondrial inhibition significantly reduced protein‐ and mRNA expression of the major glutamate transporter, EAAT1, in Müller cells. Moreover, mitochondrial inhibition significantly decreased Müller cell glutamate uptake. Mitochondrial inhibition solely did not effect cell viability neither in Müller cells nor in RGC. However, simultaneous mitochondrial inhibition and starvation significantly decreased survival of both cell types. The protective effect of Müller cells in co‐cultures of primary RGCs and MCs were attenuated during mitochondrial inhibition.ConclusionsInhibition of mitochondrial function alter the neuroprotective characteristics of Müller cells by decreasing the expression of glutamate transporter and functional reduction of glutamate uptake. Furthermore, the impaired mitochondrial activity may affect the ability of Müller cells to maintain a cellular homeostasis in such way that their ability to protect RGCs may to suffer.
The Soft Shell Technique To Prevent Leakage of Perfluorocarbon Liquid Into The Subretinal Space
Authors: Hussain R. , Chan Y.K. , Lu Y. , Wu J. , Cheung H.C. , Shum H.C. , Sakamoto T. , Wong D. 
Published: September 2016

PurposePerfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) can be used to unfold the retina during vitreoretinal surgery. The subretinal migration of PFCL is an undesirable complication of its use in cases with posterior retinal breaks particularly with associated proliferative vitreoretinopathy. The ‘soft shell’ technique, which is the use of hyaluronate (HA) to cover the break, has been described to prevent such migration. Our aim is to assess the scientific basis of this technique.MethodsA porcine retina model with two holes on a transwell was used to mimic the retinal breaks in vivo. HA solution was used to cover one of the holes. Perfluoro‐n‐octane (PFO) was added on top of the retina model incrementally using a syringe pump. The liquid level of PFO required to cause rupture of the PFO/aqueous interface with or without the HA coating at the two holes was measured. The interfacial tensions between the PFO against water and against HA solution with different aqueous concentrations were measured using pendant drop analysis.ResultsThe interfacial tension between PFO and aqueous with HA coating (68.3 ± 1.29 mN/m) is statistically significant higher than the PFO/aqueous interface without hyaluronate (37.4 ± 3.40 mN/m) (p < 0.05). A higher PFCL level is required to cause the rupture of the PFO/aqueous interface at the hole with HA coating.ConclusionsA greater hydrostatic pressure is needed to rupture the PFO/aqueous interface in the presence of HA coating at the break. The increase may due to the increase in interfacial tension at the interface. This study provides the scientific explanation how the soft shell technique may work.