bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ageing acute surgical population: the Auckland experience
Authors: Linkhorn Hannah , Hsee Li 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThis study provides data supporting the supposition that more elderly patients are requiring surgical care and illustrates the risks associated with acute surgical illness in elderly patients.MethodsThe clinical records database was accessed to identify all patients discharged from general surgery and acute surgical unit (ASU) during 2013 and 2014. These groups were stratified by age (over 80 years). Data were collected on number of patients discharged per year, length of stay, number of intensive care unit admissions and number of procedures and mortality rates.ResultsThere is an increasing number of patients aged over 80 years who were discharged from ASU; 7.02% (n = 296) in 2013 and 8.20% (n = 344) in 2014. Patients aged over 80 years were spending 1.88 days (P‐value < 0.001) longer in hospital than those under 80 years in 2014. Mortality rates in 2013 were 3.716 deaths per 100 admissions and 5.814 per 100 admissions in 2014. In 2013, the risk ratio of death in hospital for patients over 80 years was 36.4 (P‐value < 0.001) times higher than patients under 80 years.ConclusionThe mean length of stay and mortality rates are higher for patients over 80 years. Mortality rates are higher in acute admissions compared with elective admissions. This identifies a need for increased care for elderly patients admitted for acute surgical care. We suggest a trial of attaching a specialist geriatrician to the ASU who will provide a service for at risk patients.
Practice variation of vaginal birth after cesarean and the influence of risk factors at patient level: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vankan Emy , Schoorel Ellen N. , van Kuijk Sander M. , Mol Ben‐Willem J. , Nijhuis Jan G. , Aardenburg Robert , Alink Marleen , de Boer Karin , Delemarre Friso M.C. , Dirksen Carmen D. , van Dooren Ivo M. , Franssen Maureen T.M. , Kaplan Mesrure , Kleiverda Gunilla , Kuppens Simone M.I. , Kwee Anneke , Langenveld Josje , Lim Frans T. , Melman Sonja , Sikkema Marko J. , Smits Luc J. , Visser Harry , woiski Mallory , Scheepers Hubertina C. , Hermens Rosella P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionLarge practice variation exists in mode of delivery after cesarean section, suggesting variation in implementation of contemporary guidelines. We aim to evaluate this practice variation and to what extent this can be explained by risk factors at patient level.Material and methodsThis retrospective cohort study was performed among 17 Dutch hospitals in 2010. Women with one prior cesarean section without a contraindication for a trial of labor were included. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to develop models for risk factor adjustments. One model was derived to adjust the elective repeat cesarean section rates; a second model to adjust vaginal birth after cesarean rates. Standardized rates of elective repeat cesarean section and vaginal birth after cesarean per hospital were compared. Pseudo‐R2 measures were calculated to estimate the percentage of practice variation explained by the models. Secondary outcomes were differences in practice variation between hospital types and the correlation between standardized elective repeat cesarean section and vaginal birth after cesarean rates.ResultsIn all, 1068 women had a history of cesarean section, of whom 71% were eligible for inclusion. A total of 515 women (67%) had a trial of labor, of whom 72% delivered vaginally. The elective repeat cesarean section rate at hospital level ranged from 6 to 54% (mean 29.8, standard deviation 11.8%). Vaginal birth after cesarean rates ranged from 50 to 90% (mean 71.8%, standard deviation 11.1%). More than 85% of this practice variation could not be explained by risk factors at patient level.ConclusionA large practice variation exists in elective repeat cesarean section and vaginal birth after cesarean rates that can only partially be explained by risk factors at patient level.
Addition of an immunomodulator can reverse antibody formation and loss of response in patients treated with adalimumab
Authors: Ungar B. , Kopylov U. , Engel T. , Yavzori M. , Fudim E. , Picard O. , Lang A. , Williet N. , Paul S. , Chowers Y. , Bar‐Gil Shitrit A. , Eliakim R. , Ben‐Horin S. , Roblin X. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundAnti‐adalimumab antibodies (AAA) are associated with loss of clinical response (LOR). Addition of an immunomodulator has been shown to reverse immunogenicity and regain response with infliximab monotherapy. Similar data on adalimumab are lacking.AimTo study the impact of immunomodulator addition on the emergence of AAA and LOR among adalimumab therapy patients.MethodsThe databases of three tertiary medical centres were reviewed to identify patients who developed AAA during adalimumab monotherapy with resultant LOR, and received an immunomodulator as a salvage combination therapy. All sera were prospectively analysed using previously described ELISA assays. Clinical response was determined using appropriate clinical scores. Elimination of AAA, designated as ‘sero‐reversal’, elevation of drug levels and regained clinical response were the sought outcomes.ResultsTwenty‐three patients (21 Crohn's disease, and 2 ulcerative colitis) developed AAA with subsequent LOR and were thereafter prescribed an immunomodulator as salvage therapy (thiopurine n = 14, methotrexate n = 9). Eleven patients (48%) underwent sero‐reversal with gradual elimination of AAA, increase in drug trough levels and restoration of clinical response (median time to sero‐reversal 5 months). In 12 patients (52%), immunogenicity and loss of response could not be reversed. There was no difference between responders and nonresponders in the type of immunomodulators used or baseline clinical characteristics.ConclusionsIn almost half of inflammatory bowel disease patients developing anti‐adalimumab antibodies and loss of response, established immunogenicity of adalimumab can be gradually reversed by the addition of immunomodulator therapy with restoration of a clinico‐biological response. However, these observations need to be confirmed with larger studies.
New data on morphology and ultrastructure of skin photophores in the deep‐sea squid Histioteuthis bonnellii (Férussac, 1834), Cephalopoda: Histioteuthidae
Authors: Cavallaro Mauro , Battaglia Pietro , Guerrera Maria Cristina , Abbate Francesco , Levanti Maria Beatrice , Andaloro Franco , Germanà Antonino , Laurà Rosaria 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMorphology and ultrastructure of skin photogenic organs in the deep‐sea squid Histioteuthis bonnellii from the Strait of Messina (Mediterranean Sea) was investigated. The photophore is formed by a glandular complex, made up of photogenic cells involved in the light production process, and a set of annexes (filter, reflector, pigmented layer and gelatinous body), with suggested dioptric function. The photocytes have an elongated shape, often arranged in an approximately radial series within the chamber, and show eccentric rounded euchromatic nucleus. The filter shows a membranous tissue made up of rows of cells, rich in smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The analysis on reflector's cells highlighted the presence of several iridosomal platelets in the cytoplasm, having irregular and sinuous shape. The pigmented layer and the gelatinous body provide protection to the organ and may have dioptric functions too. The photogenic organs were found to be innervated by nerves, and it was possible to confirm the strictly glandular nature of the photophores of this species. The detailed anatomical descriptions of the photophores of H. bonnellii extend our current knowledge and provide a scientific basis for future studies aimed to relate the evolution of photogenic system to the ecology of this squid.
Genetic variation in the miR‐708 gene and its binding targets in bipolar disorder
Authors: Fiorentino Alessia , O'Brien Niamh Louise , Sharp Sally Isabel , Curtis David , Bass Nicholas James , McQuillin Andrew 
Published: November 2016

Objectivers12576775 was found to be associated with bipolar disorder (BD) in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). The GWAS signal implicates genes for the microRNAs miR‐708 and miR‐5579 and the first exon of the Odd Oz/ten‐m homolog 4 gene (ODZ4). In the present study, miR‐708, its surrounding region, and its targets were analyzed for potential BD‐associated functional variants.MethodsThe miR‐708 gene and surrounding regions were screened for variation using high‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis in 1099 cases of BD, followed by genotyping of rare variants in an enlarged sample of 2078 subjects with BD, 1303 subjects with schizophrenia, and 1355 healthy controls. Whole‐genome sequencing data from 99 subjects with BD were analyzed for variation in potential miR‐708 binding sites. The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of these variants were compared with those reported in reference individuals.ResultsThree variants detected by HRM were selected to be genotyped. rs754333774 was detected in three cases of BD, two cases of schizophrenia, and no controls. This variant is located 260 base pairs upstream from miR‐708 and may play a role in controlling the expression of the miR. Four variants were identified in miR‐708 targets binding sites. The MAFs of each of these variants were similar in BD and reference samples.ConclusionsWe report a single recurrent variant located near the miR‐708 gene that may have a role in BD and schizophrenia susceptibility. These findings await replication in independent cohorts, as do functional analyses of the potential consequences of this variant.
Childbirth Education Class and Birth Plans Are Associated with a Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Afshar Yalda , Wang Erica T. , Mei Jenny , Esakoff Tania F. , Pisarska Margareta D. , Gregory Kimberly D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo determine whether the mode of delivery was different between women who attended childbirth education (CBE) class, had a birth plan, or both compared with those who did not attend CBE class or have a birth plan.MethodsThis is a retrospective cross‐sectional study of women who delivered singleton gestations > 24 weeks at our institution between August 2011 and June 2014. Based on a self‐report at the time of admission for labor, women were stratified into four categories: those who attended a CBE class, those with a birth plan, both, and those with neither CBE or birth plan. The primary outcome was the mode of delivery. Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusting for clinical covariates were performed.ResultsIn this study, 14,630 deliveries met the inclusion criteria: 31.9 percent of the women attended CBE class, 12.0 percent had a birth plan, and 8.8 percent had both. Women who attended CBE or had a birth plan were older (p < 0.001), more likely to be nulliparous (p < 0.001), had a lower body mass index (p < 0.001), and were less likely to be African‐American (p < 0.001). After adjusting for significant covariates, women who participated in either option or both had higher odds of a vaginal delivery (CBE: OR 1.26 [95% CI 1.15–1.39]; birth plan: OR 1.98 [95% CI 1.56–2.51]; and both: OR 1.69 [95% CI 1.46–1.95]) compared with controls.ConclusionAttending CBE class and/or having a birth plan were associated with a vaginal delivery. These findings suggest that patient education and birth preparation may influence the mode of delivery. CBE and birth plans could be used as quality improvement tools to potentially decrease cesarean rates.
Mode of Delivery and Long‐Term Health‐Related Quality‐of‐Life Outcomes: A Prospective Population‐Based Study
Authors: Petrou Stavros , Kim Sung Wook , McParland Penny , Boyle Elaine M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundRelatively little is known about the effects of mode of delivery on long‐term health‐related quality‐of‐life outcomes. Furthermore, no previous study has expressed these outcomes in preference‐based (utility) metrics.MethodsThe study population comprised 2,161 mothers recruited from a prospective population‐based study in the East Midlands of England encompassing live births and stillbirths between 32+0 and 36+6 weeks’ gestation and a sample of term‐born controls. Perinatal data were extracted from the mothers’ maternity records. Health‐related quality‐of‐life outcomes were assessed at 12 months postpartum, using the EuroQol Five Dimensions (EQ‐5D) measure with responses to the EQ‐5D descriptive system converted into health utility scores. Descriptive statistics and multivariable analyses were used to estimate the relationship between the mode of delivery and health‐related quality‐of‐life outcomes.ResultsThe overall health‐related quality‐of‐life profile of the women in the study cohort mirrored that of the English adult population as revealed by national health surveys. A significantly higher proportion of women delivering by cesarean delivery reported some, moderate, severe, or extreme pain or discomfort at 12 months postpartum than women undergoing spontaneous vaginal delivery. Multivariable analyses, using the Ordinary Least Squares estimator revealed that, after controlling for maternal sociodemographic characteristics, cesarean delivery without maternal or fetal compromise was associated with a significant EQ‐5D utility decrement in comparison to spontaneous vaginal delivery among all women (−0.026; p = 0.038) and among mothers of term‐born infants (−0.062; p < 0.001). Among mothers of term‐born infants, this result was replicated in models that controlled for all maternal and infant characteristics (utility decrement of −0.061; p < 0.001). The results were confirmed by sensitivity analyses that varied the categorization of the main exposure variable (mode of delivery) and the econometric strategy.ConclusionsAmong mothers of term‐born infants, cesarean delivery without maternal or fetal compromise is associated with poorer long‐term health‐related quality of life in comparison to spontaneous vaginal delivery. Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand the magnitude, trajectory, and underpinning mechanisms of health‐related quality‐of‐life outcomes following different modes of delivery.
Renal disease related to Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: incidence, pathology and clinical outcomes
Authors: Vos Josephine M. , Gustine Joshua , Rennke Helmut G. , Hunter Zachary , Manning Robert J. , Dubeau Toni E. , Meid Kirsten , Minnema Monique C. , Kersten Marie‐Jose , Treon Steven P. , Castillo Jorge J. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe incidence and prognostic impact of nephropathy related to Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) is currently unknown. We performed a retrospective study to assess biopsy‐confirmed WM‐related nephropathy in a cohort of 1391 WM patients seen at a single academic institution. A total of 44 cases were identified, the estimated cumulative incidence was 5·1% at 15 years. There was a wide variation in kidney pathology, some directly related to the WM: amyloidosis (n = 11, 25%), monoclonal‐IgM deposition disease/cryoglobulinaemia (n = 10, 23%), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma infiltration (n = 8, 18%), light‐chain deposition disease (n = 4, 9%) and light‐chain cast nephropathy (n = 4, 9%), and some probably related to the WM: thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) (n = 3, 7%), minimal change disease (n = 2, 5%), membranous nephropathy (n = 1, 2%) and crystal‐storing tubulopathy (n = 1, 2%). The median overall survival in patients with biopsy‐confirmed WM‐related nephropathy was 11·5 years, shorter than for the rest of the cohort (16 years, P = 0·03). Survival was better in patients with stable or improved renal function after treatment (P = 0·05). Based on these findings, monitoring for renal disease in WM patients should be considered and a kidney biopsy pursued in those presenting with otherwise unexplained renal failure and/or nephrotic syndrome.
Sole rearrangement but not amplification of MYC is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma and B cell lymphoma unclassifiable
Authors: Landsburg Daniel J. , Falkiewicz Marissa K. , Petrich Adam M. , Chu Benjamin A. , Behdad Amir , Li Shaoying , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Cassaday Ryan D. , Reddy Nishitha M. , Bast Martin A. , Vose Julie M. , Kruczek Kimberly R. , Smith Scott E. , Patel Priyank , Hernandez‐Ilizaliturri Francisco , Karmali Reem , Rajguru Saurabh , Yang David T. , Maly Joseph J. , Blum Kristie A. , Zhao Weiqiang , Vanslambrouck Charles , Nabhan Chadi 
Published: November 2016

SummaryRearrangement of MYC is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and B cell lymphoma unclassifiable (BCLU), particularly in the setting of double hit lymphoma (DHL). However, little is known about outcomes of patients who demonstrate MYC rearrangement without evidence of BCL2 or BCL6 rearrangement (single hit) or amplification (>4 copies) of MYC. We identified 87 patients with single hit lymphoma (SHL), 22 patients with MYC‐amplified lymphoma (MYC amp) as well as 127 DLBCL patients without MYC rearrangement or amplification (MYC normal) and 45 patients with DHL, all treated with either R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) or intensive induction therapy. For SHL and MYC amp patients, the 2‐year progression‐free survival rate (PFS) was 49% and 48% and 2‐year overall survival rate (OS) was 59% and 71%, respectively. SHL patients receiving intensive induction experienced higher 2‐year PFS (59% vs. 23%, P = 0·006) but similar 2‐year OS as compared with SHL patients receiving R‐CHOP. SHL DLBCL patients treated with R‐CHOP, but not intensive induction, experienced significantly lower 2‐year PFS and OS (P < 0·001 for both) when compared with MYC normal patients. SHL patients appear to have a poor prognosis, which may be improved with receipt of intensive induction.
Impact of alcohol‐promoting and alcohol‐warning advertisements on alcohol consumption, affect, and implicit cognition in heavy‐drinking young adults: A laboratory‐based randomized controlled trial
Authors: Stautz Kaidy , Frings Daniel , Albery Ian P. , Moss Antony C. , Marteau Theresa M. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesThere is sparse evidence regarding the effect of alcohol‐advertising exposure on alcohol consumption among heavy drinkers. This study aimed to assess the immediate effects of alcohol‐promoting and alcohol‐warning video advertising on objective alcohol consumption in heavy‐drinking young adults, and to examine underlying processes.DesignBetween‐participants randomized controlled trial with three conditions.MethodsTwo hundred and four young adults (aged 18–25) who self‐reported as heavy drinkers were randomized to view one of three sets of 10 video advertisements that included either (1) alcohol‐promoting, (2) alcohol‐warning, or (3) non‐alcohol advertisements. The primary outcome was the proportion of alcoholic beverages consumed in a sham taste test. Affective responses to advertisements, implicit alcohol approach bias, and alcohol attentional bias were assessed as secondary outcomes and possible mediators. Typical alcohol consumption, Internet use, and television use were measured as covariates.ResultsThere was no main effect of condition on alcohol consumption. Participants exposed to alcohol‐promoting advertisements showed increased positive affect and an increased approach/reduced avoidance bias towards alcohol relative to those exposed to non‐alcohol advertisements. There was an indirect effect of exposure to alcohol‐warning advertisements on reduced alcohol consumption via negative affect experienced in response to these advertisements.ConclusionsRestricting alcohol‐promoting advertising could remove a potential influence on positive alcohol‐related emotions and cognitions among heavy‐drinking young adults. Producing alcohol‐warning advertising that generates negative emotion may be an effective strategy to reduce alcohol consumption.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Exposure to alcohol advertising has immediate and distal effects on alcohol consumption.

There is some evidence that effects may be larger in heavy drinkers.

Alcohol‐warning advertising has been found to have mixed effects on alcohol‐related cognitions.

What does this study add?

Among heavy‐drinking young adults:

Alcohol advertising does not appear to have an immediate impact on alcohol consumption.

Alcohol advertising generates positive affect and increases alcohol approach bias.

Alcohol‐warning advertising that generates displeasure reduces alcohol consumption.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of a ‘Five Ways to Well‐being’ group run with people with learning disabilities
Authors: Mahoney‐Davies Gerwyn , Dixon Clare , Tynan Hannah , Mann Sian 
Published: November 2016

Accessible summary

The Five Ways to Well‐being is a document produced by the government which gives advice about things people can do to improve how they feel. These five things are being with people, being active, noticing things around you, to keep learning and giving to others.

We taught a group of adults with learning disabilities how to do these five things. We had ten sessions which lasted 2 h each.

We did not find that people felt better after the ten sessions, but we did find that they noticed more things around them which may help improve their well‐being. People found the group useful.

AbstractBackground: The ‘Five Ways to Well‐being’ document presents five ways in which people in the general population may be able to improve their well‐being. This study evaluates the use of a ‘Five Ways to Well‐being’ group in a population of people with learning disabilities.Materials and Methods: Twelve participants who attend a day support service engaged in a ten‐week group programme based on the Five Ways to Well‐being. Scores on the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale and Short Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Well‐being Scale provided a baseline, and scores at the first, middle and final session were entered into repeated measures analysis of variance or nonparametric equivalents.Results: Scores suggest there was no difference between baseline and final session on either of these scales (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference between baseline and final session on a clinician‐devised measure of well‐being of the aims of the group (F(2,18) = 3.6, P = 0.049), and this effect is likely to be carried by an increase in the group's use of mindfulness skills. Qualitative feedback suggests that the group was useful and prompted changes in participants' well‐being.Conclusions: Participants found the group useful, and scores suggest an increase in mindfulness practice, but there is no evidence that running a Five Ways to Well‐being group with people with learning disabilities will improve their well‐being. However, this was not a clinical group of people with mental health concerns, and conclusions cannot be made about the usefulness of the model in this population.
MONEY AND INFLATION IN INDIA: EVIDENCE FROM P‐STAR MODEL
Authors: Paul Sunil , Rather Sartaj Rasool , Ramachandran M. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThis study uses P‐star model to examine the role of money in explaining inflation in India. In particular, we compare the performance of traditional Phillips curve approach against P‐star model in forecasting inflation. Moreover, the study estimates P‐star model using the alternative measures of money such as simple sum and Divisia M3, to examine the relevance of aggregation theoretic monetary aggregates in explaining inflation. The empirical results indicate that P‐star model with real money gap has an edge over traditional Phillips curve approach in forecasting inflation. More importantly, we found that the P‐star model estimated with Divisia real money gap performs better than its simple sum counterpart. These empirical findings suggest that the changes in real money gap play a crucial role in explaining inflation in India.