bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐temperature electrical and thermal transport behaviors in layered structure WSe2
Authors: Liu Yaochun , Liu Junfu , Tan Xing , Li Yueming , Liu Rui , Lin Yuanhua , Nan Cewen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTwo‐dimensional transition‐metal dichalcogenides semiconductors (TMDCs) with layered structures have been concerned as promising thermoelectric (TE) materials for several years. However, WSe2 as one of TMDCs is barely investigated. Herein, we systematically investigated the high‐temperature electrical and thermal transport behaviors in layered structure WSe2, demonstrating that WSe2 possesses high Seebeck coefficient and low thermal conductivity. The study of sintering process shows that the best electrical properties can be obtained in the sample sintered at 1123 K. Besides, anisotropic thermoelectric properties were also revealed. It is found that the dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) in the direction parallel to the pressing direction is higher than that in the direction perpendicular to the pressing direction. The highest ZT value of 0.03 is obtained at 923 K, which is an appreciable value for the pristine alloy material.
How climatic variability is linked to the spatial distribution of range sizes: seasonality versus climate change velocity in sphingid moths
Authors: Grünig Marc , Beerli Nicolas , Ballesteros‐Mejia Liliana , Kitching Ian J. , Beck Jan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimTo map the spatial variation of range sizes within sphingid moths, and to test hypotheses on its environmental control. In particular, we investigate effects of climate change velocity since the Pleistocene and the mid‐Holocene, temperature and precipitation seasonality, topography, Pleistocene ice cover, and available land area.LocationOld World and Australasia, excluding smaller islands.MethodsWe used fine‐grained range maps (based on expert‐edited distribution modelling) for all 972 sphingid moth species in the research region and calculated, at a grain size of 100 km, the median of range sizes of all species that co‐occur in a pixel. Climate, topography and Pleistocene ice cover data were taken from publicly available sources. We calculated climate change velocities (CCV) for the last 21 kyr as well as 6 kyr. We compared the effects of seasonality andCCVon median range sizes with spatially explicit models while accounting for effects of elevation range, glaciation history and available land area.ResultsRange sizes show a clear spatial pattern, with highest median values in deserts and arctic regions and lowest values in isolated tropical regions. Range sizes were only weakly related to absolute latitude (predicted by Rapoport's effect), but there was a strong north‐south pattern of range size decline. Temperature seasonality emerged as the strongest environmental correlate of median range size, in univariate as well as multivariate models, whereas effects ofCCVwere weak and unstable for both time periods. These results were robust to variations in the parameters in alternative analyses, among them multivariateCCV.Main conclusionsTemperature seasonality is a strong correlate of spatial range size variation, while effects of longer‐term temperature change, as captured byCCV, received much weaker support.
A time series analysis of the effects of financial incentives and mandatory clinical applications as interventions to improve spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting by hospital medical staff in China
Authors: Chang Feng , Xi Yue , Zhao Jie , Zhang Xiaojian , Lu Yun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesSpontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in hospitals is often under‐reported, which may lead to problems in patient management. This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of a financial intervention based on a fine and a bonus for improving spontaneous reporting of ADRs by physicians in a hospital setting.MethodsThis study was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (China). Starting in 2009, a bonus of 20 RMB (Chinese currency) was given for each spontaneous ADR report, and a fine of 50 RMB was given for any withheld ADR report. A time series analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average models was performed to assess the changes in the total number of spontaneous ADR reports between the preintervention period (2006‐2008) and during the first (2009‐2011) and second (2012‐2014) intervention periods.ResultsThe median number of reported ADRs per year increased from 29 (range 27‐72) in the preintervention period to 277 (range 199‐284) in the first intervention period and to 666 in the second (range 644‐691). The monthly number of reported ADRs was stable during the 3 periods: 3.56 ± 3.60/month (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.42‐4.75) during the preintervention period, 21 ± 13/month (95% CI, 16.97‐25.80) in the first intervention period, and 56 ± 20/month (95% CI, 48.81‐62.17) in the second intervention period.ConclusionA financial incentive and ADR management regulations had a significant effect on the increase of reported ADRs.
Development of the Korean Pregnancy Stress Scale
Authors: Kim Younglan , Chung Chae Weon 
Published: July 2017

AimThis study was conducted in order to develop and evaluate a Pregnancy Stress Scale (PSS).MethodsThe PSS was developed according to Devellis’ scale development process. Data that were collected from 388 pregnant women were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the tool. An item analysis, factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's α were used.ResultsThe PSS comprised seven factors that can be applied to all pregnant women, with one additional factor that is dedicated specifically for working pregnant women, resulting in a total of eight factors with 43 items: physical and psychological changes, coping in daily life, health of the mother and baby, maternal role, family support, healthcare services, social atmosphere, and reconciliation of work life. The criterion validity was supported by the Revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The reliability of the overall scale was adequate.ConclusionThis scale would be useful for understanding the complex factors that contribute to pregnant women's stress and also would contribute to the process of developing nursing interventions to reduce pregnancy stress.
A modulatory role of the Rax homeobox gene in mature pineal gland function: Investigating the photoneuroendocrine circadian system of a Rax conditional knockout mouse
Authors: Rohde Kristian , Bering Tenna , Furukawa Takahisa , Rath Martin Fredensborg 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe retinal and anterior neural fold homeobox gene (Rax) controls development of the eye and the forebrain. Postnatal expression of Rax in the brain is restricted to the pineal gland, a forebrain structure devoted to melatonin synthesis. The role of Rax in pineal function is unknown. In order to investigate the role of Rax in pineal function while circumventing forebrain abnormalities of the global Rax knockout, we generated an eye and pineal‐specific Rax conditional knockout mouse. Deletion of Rax in the pineal gland did not affect morphology of the gland, suggesting that Rax is not essential for pineal gland development. In contrast, deletion of Rax in the eye generated an anophthalmic phenotype. In addition to the loss of central visual pathways, the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus housing the circadian clock was absent, indicating that the retinohypothalamic tract is required for the nucleus to develop. Telemetric analyses confirmed the lack of a functional circadian clock. Arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (Aanat) transcripts, encoding the melatonin rhythm‐generating enzyme, were undetectable in the pineal gland of the Rax conditional knockout under normal conditions, whereas the paired box 6 homeobox gene, known to regulate pineal development, was up‐regulated. By injecting isoproterenol, which mimics a nocturnal situation in the pineal gland, we were able to induce pineal expression of Aanat in the Rax conditional knockout mouse, but Aanat transcript levels were significantly lower than those of Rax‐proficient mice. Our data suggest that Rax controls pineal gene expression and via Aanat may modulate melatonin synthesis.
Spread and competitiveness of Plum Pox Virus: Rec and ‐D strains in experimental plum orchard
Authors: Kamenova Ivanka , Tasheva‐Terzieva Elena , Dragoyski Kalin , Stefanova Boryana 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSharka disease caused by Plum pox virus (PPV) is endemic in Bulgaria. The speed and mode of spread of PPV‐Rec and PPV‐D isolates, molecularly characterised in advance and introduced in an experimental plum orchard to serve as permanent sources of infection was studied from 2008 to 2015. The trees were visually inspected for symptoms development and tested by DASI‐ELISA twice each year. The positive samples were serologically (‐M and ‐D specific MAbs) and molecularly (IC‐RT‐PCR) strain‐typed, and sequenced in (Cter)NIb‐(Nter)CP coding region. Artificially inoculated trees were found infected in the spring of 2009. After 7 years 43 trees (11.2%) became naturally infected. The majority of the trees were infected by PPV‐Rec (65%), while only one tree (2.5%) by PPV‐D. Nevertheless PPV‐M was not introduced in the orchard, this strain was found in single and mixed infections with PPV‐Rec strain. None of the isolates in naturally infected trees was identical to PPV‐Rec and PPV‐D inoculums, while several of them were a 100% identical to the respective PPV‐Rec, PPV‐D or PPV‐M isolates from neighbourhood‐infected trees. After the initial random pattern of PPV spread, aggregation of the new infections around the trees infected in previous years was observed. The presence of only Phorodon humuli and Hyalopterus pruni complex, known as PPV vectors and their poor abundance (5.0% from all caught aphids), together with some specific features of the landscape influenced the slow natural development of PPV in the experimental orchard.
Spatial structure of ant‐gardens: vertical distribution on host trees and succession/segregation of associated vascular epiphytes
Authors: Morales‐Linares Jonas , García‐Franco José G. , Flores‐Palacios Alejandro , Valenzuela‐González Jorge E. , Mata‐Rosas Martín , Díaz‐Castelazo Cecilia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractQuestionsAnt‐gardens (AGs) involve a close association between epiphytes and ants with concurrent mutualistic interactions including protection, dispersal and nutrition; however, little is known about the spatial structure patterns that determine their establishment and formation. Our main questions were: (1) do AGs have a particular pattern of vertical distribution on their host trees; (2) does a process of succession of epiphytes occur during development of AGs; and (3) are epiphytes segregated in AGs?LocationAnthropic landscape in southeast Mexico.MethodsWe studied AGs built by Azteca gnava ants. We examined their vertical distribution on host trees as well as the diversity, composition and reproductive status of vascular epiphytes associated with the lower, middle and upper zones of small, medium and large AGs.ResultsA total of 859 AGs and 10 871 epiphytes, belonging to 26 different species, were recorded. We found that AGs are primarily (75%) located within tree crowns, and that the diversity and composition of epiphytes vary among AG sizes and among AG zones. We infer that the epiphytes that first become established in AGs are the bromeliad Aechmea tillandsioides and the gesneriad Codonanthe uleana, followed by the orchid Epidendrum flexuosum and the cactus Epiphyllum phyllanthus; these species were recorded, either individually or in co‐occurrence, in 74% of the AGs examined. The species Ae. tillandsioides, Coryanthes picturata and Epid. flexuosum were most frequent in the upper AG zone, while Epid. pachyrachis was most frequent in the middle AG zone.ConclusionsOur results show that AGs have distinct vertical distribution patterns on their tree hosts and that the establishment of epiphytes in AGs is successive and segregated, suggesting spatial and temporal optimization in the establishment and development of these complex mutualistic systems.
Petrogenesis of Miller Range 07273, a new type of anomalous melt breccia: Implications for impact effects on the H chondrite asteroid
Authors: Ruzicka Alex M. , Hutson Melinda , Friedrich Jon M. , Rivers Mark L. , Weisberg Michael K. , Ebel Denton S. , Ziegler Karen , Rumble Douglas , Dolan Alyssa A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMiller Range 07273 is a chondritic melt breccia that contains clasts of equilibrated ordinary chondrite set in a fine‐grained (<5 μm), largely crystalline, igneous matrix. Data indicate that MIL was derived from the H chondrite parent asteroid, although it has an oxygen isotope composition that approaches but falls outside of the established H group. MIL also is distinctive in having low porosity, cone‐like shapes for coarse metal grains, unusual internal textures and compositions for coarse metal, a matrix composed chiefly of clinoenstatite and omphacitic pigeonite, and troilite veining most common in coarse olivine and orthopyroxene. These features can be explained by a model involving impact into a porous target that produced brief but intense heating at high pressure, a sudden pressure drop, and a slower drop in temperature. Olivine and orthopyroxene in chondrule clasts were the least melted and the most deformed, whereas matrix and troilite melted completely and crystallized to nearly strain‐free minerals. Coarse metal was largely but incompletely liquefied, and matrix silicates formed by the breakdown during melting of albitic feldspar and some olivine to form pyroxene at high pressure (>3 GPa, possibly to ~15–19 GPa) and temperature (>1350 °C, possibly to ≥2000 °C). The higher pressures and temperatures would have involved back‐reaction of high‐pressure polymorphs to pyroxene and olivine upon cooling. Silicates outside of melt matrix have compositions that were relatively unchanged owing to brief heating duration.
Caregiver–infant's feeding behaviours are associated with energy intake of 9‐11 month‐old infants in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Baye Kaleab , Tariku Aster , Mouquet‐Rivier Claire 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInappropriate complementary feeding, both in quantity and quality, is a major determinant of undernutrition. However, little is known about how infant–caregiver's feeding behaviours affect infants' energy intake. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize infant–caregiver feeding behaviours and investigate their association with infants' energy intake. The study involved 106 mother–child pairs recruited from seven randomly selected kebeles of Mecha district, West Gojam, Ethiopia. The feeding styles were assessed through observations of 1‐day, in‐home, feeding episodes that were videotaped and coded into self‐feeding, responsive, active, distracting, and social feeding behaviours. Infants' haemoglobin and anthropometric measurements were taken. The association between feeding behaviour scores and energy intake per meal was investigated. The mean food intake of the infants was very low (11.4 ± 7.0 g/kg body weight per meal) compared to the minimum theoretical gastric capacity (30 g/kg body weight per meal). Infants' haemoglobin concentration was negatively associated with energy intake (ρ = 0.178, p = .03). Infants' responsive and active positive feeding styles were positively associated with energy intakes (ρ = 0.258 and 0.432, p = .004 and p < .001, respectively) as well as caregivers' responsive positive feeding styles (ρ = 0.237, p = .007). Both haemoglobin concentrations and feeding styles were associated with infant's energy intake. Anaemia prevention and control measures should be reinforced. Current nutrition education programmes should give emphasis on ways to effectively incorporate culturally adapted responsive feeding messages in this and similar settings.
Biomarkers for visceral hypersensitivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Mujagic Z. , Jonkers D. M. A. E. , Ludidi S. , Keszthelyi D. , Hesselink M. A. , Weerts Z. Z. R. M. , Kievit R. N. , Althof J. F. , Leue C. , Kruimel J. W. , van Schooten F. J. , Masclee A. A. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundIncreased visceral sensitivity is observed in up to 60% of patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Mucosal inflammation, altered neuroendocrine activity and intraluminal metabolic processes may contribute to the development of visceral hypersensitivity. Previously, we demonstrated that biomarkers, indicative for these biological processes, were altered in IBS patients compared to healthy controls. However, how these processes relate to visceral hypersensitivity is unknown.AimThe aim of this study was to provide insight in biological processes associated with visceral hypersensitivity. Fecal and plasma biomarkers were measured in normosensitive and hypersensitive IBS patients.MethodsA total of 167 IBS patients underwent a rectal barostat procedure to assess visceral sensitivity to pain. Based on the outcome, patients were classified into a normosensitive or hypersensitive group. Calprotectin, human β‐defensin 2 (HBD2), chromogranin A (CgA), and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured in feces, citrulline in plasma, and serotonin and its main metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) in platelet‐poor plasma.Key ResultsFecal markers and plasma citrulline were measured in 83 hypersensitive and 84 normosensitive patients, while platelet‐poor plasma for the assessment of serotonin and 5‐HIAA was available for a subgroup, i.e. 53 hypersensitive and 42 normosensitive patients. No statistically significant differences were found in concentrations of biomarkers between groups. Adjustment of the analyses for potential confounders, such as medication use, did not alter this conclusion.Conclusions & InferencesOur findings do not support a role for the biological processes as ascertained by biomarkers in visceral hypersensitivity in IBS patients. This study is registered in the US National Library of Medicine (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00775060).
Structure, function and evolution of the cyanobacterial orange carotenoid protein and its homologs
Authors: Kerfeld Cheryl A. , Melnicki Matthew R. , Sutter Markus , Dominguez‐Martin Maria Agustina 
Published: July 2017

Contents

Summary
937

I.
Introduction
937

II.
The structure of the OCP
938

III.
OCP function
939

IV.
Distribution of OCPs, FRP and domains in cyanobacteria
943

V.
Carotenoid–protein interactions in the OCP and the HCPs
947

VI.
Conclusions and prospects
948

Acknowledgements
948

References
949

SummaryThe orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is a water‐soluble, photoactive protein involved in thermal dissipation of excess energy absorbed by the light‐harvesting phycobilisomes (PBS) in cyanobacteria. The OCP is structurally and functionally modular, consisting of a sensor domain, an effector domain and a keto‐carotenoid. On photoactivation, the OCP converts from a stable orange form, OCPO, to a red form, OCPR. Activation is accompanied by a translocation of the carotenoid deeper into the effector domain. The increasing availability of cyanobacterial genomes has enabled the identification of new OCP families (OCP1, OCP2, OCPX). The fluorescence recovery protein (FRP) detaches OCP1 from the PBS core, accelerating its back‐conversion to OCPO; by contrast, other OCP families are not regulated by FRP. N‐terminal domain homologs, the helical carotenoid proteins (HCPs), have been found among diverse cyanobacteria, occurring as multiple paralogous groups, with two representatives exhibiting strong singlet oxygen (1O2) quenching (HCP2, HCP3) and another capable of dissipating PBS excitation (HCP4). Crystal structures are presently available for OCP1 and HCP1, and models of other HCP subtypes can be readily produced as a result of strong sequence conservation, providing new insights into the determinants of carotenoid binding and 1O2 quenching.
PhERF6, interacting with EOBI, negatively regulates fragrance biosynthesis in petunia flowers
Authors: Liu Fei , Xiao Zhina , Yang Li , Chen Qian , Shao Lu , Liu Juanxu , Yu Yixun 
Published: July 2017

Summary

In petunia, the production of volatile benzenoids/phenylpropanoids determines floral aroma, highly regulated by development, rhythm and ethylene. Previous studies identified several R2R3‐type MYB trans‐factors as positive regulators of scent biosynthesis in petunia flowers. Ethylene response factors (ERFs) have been shown to take part in the signal transduction of hormones, and regulation of metabolism and development processes in various plant species.

Using virus‐induced gene silencing technology, a negative regulator of volatile benzenoid biosynthesis, PhERF6, was identified by a screen for regulators of the expression of genes related to scent production.

PhERF6 expression was temporally and spatially connected with scent production and was upregulated by exogenous ethylene. Up‐/downregulation of the mRNA level of PhERF6 affected the expression of ODO1 and several floral scent‐related genes. PhERF6 silencing led to a significant increase in the concentrations of volatiles emitted by flowers. Yeast two‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co‐immunoprecipitation assays indicated that PhERF6 interacted with the N‐terminus of EOBI, which includes two DNA binding domains.

Our results show that PhERF6 negatively regulates volatile production in petunia flowers by competing for the binding of the c‐myb domains of the EOBI protein with the promoters of genes related to floral scent.
Oral complications at 6 months after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Lalla RV , Treister N , Sollecito T , Schmidt B , Patton LL , Mohammadi K , Hodges JS , Brennan MT ,   for the OraRad Study Group
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo examine oral complications 6 months after modern radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC).MethodsProspective multicenter cohort study of patients with HNC receiving intensity‐modulated radiation therapy or more advanced RT. Stimulated whole salivary flow, maximal mouth opening, oral mucositis, oral pain, oral health‐related quality of life (OH‐QOL), and oral hygiene practices were measured in 372 subjects pre‐RT and 216 subjects at 6 months from the start of RT.ResultsMean stimulated whole salivary flow declined from 1.09 to 0.47 ml/min at 6 months (p < .0001). Mean maximal mouth opening reduced from 45.58 to 42.53 mm at 6 months (p < .0001). 8.1% of subjects had some oral mucositis at 6 months, including 3.8% with oral ulceration. Mean overall pain score was unchanged. OH‐QOL was reduced at 6 months, with changes related to dry mouth, sticky saliva, swallowing solid foods, and sense of taste (p ≤ .0001). At 6 months, there was greater frequency of using dental floss and greater proportion using supplemental fluoride (p < .0001).ConclusionsDespite advances in RT techniques, patients with HNC experience oral complications 6 months after RT, with resulting negative impacts on oral function and quality of life.