bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating offering of vegetables by caregivers of preschool age children
Authors: Holley C. E , Farrow C. , Haycraft E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundResearch into the methods which caregivers use to encourage children to eat vegetables is limited, with minimal evidence about what the barriers are to offering these foods. Vegetable consumption in children is typically low, and so gaining information on these factors is vital in order to develop further caregiver‐centred interventions to increase children's vegetable consumption. This study aimed to investigate the methods caregivers use to offer vegetables to preschool aged children, as well as the factors which influence whether and how caregivers present vegetables to their children.MethodSeventeen caregivers with a preschool aged child participated in focus groups to assess these questions.ResultsThematic analysis indicated that caregivers use a range of methods to offer their children vegetables, with these methods falling into three broad categories: behavioural/active methods, passive methods and food manipulations. Influences on caregiver offering which emerged from the focus groups formed four categories: information, cost, parent factors and child factors.ConclusionsTogether with large‐scale quantitative data, this information can be used to shape future interventions aiming to increase children's vegetable intake as well as to tailor advice given to caregivers striving to achieve a healthful diet for their children.
In‐situ transformation of iron‐bearing minerals in marshland‐derived paddy subsoil
Authors: Vogelsang V. , Fiedler S. , Jahn R. , Kaiser K. 
Published: August 2016

Transformations of Fe‐bearing minerals under alternating redox conditions are not fully understood. In‐situ approaches under field conditions have rarely been used. We exposed mesh bags containing ferrihydrite, goethite or nontronite to changing redox conditions in subsoil that had been under paddy management for 100, 700 and 2000 years. After 12 months, the minerals were retrieved and analysed for organic carbon and by X‐ray diffraction; in addition, nontronite was analysed for cation exchange capacity and by Mössbauer spectroscopy at 278 and 4.2 K. Field exposure of the test minerals was complemented by measurements of soil redox potential and analyses of soil water. Minerals accumulated little organic carbon because of high pH and salinity. Goethite samples showed no changes in X‐ray diffraction patterns; therefore, they did not undergo detectable transformation, despite redox potentials frequently around −200 mV. Ferrihydrite transformed into more crystalline oxides, such as lepidocrocite, goethite and haematite. The extent of transformation, presumably by Fe2+‐catalysed recrystallization, increased with the time the soil had been under paddy management. Nontronite samples showed striking changes in surface colour, but no changes in X‐ray diffraction patterns or in cation exchange capacity. However, Mössbauer spectroscopy gave clear indications of irreversible changes within the nontronite crystal structure. Such changes have so far been observed only with chemical reduction, but it seems that they can occur under natural conditions. The results show that the overall redox status of a soil (i.e. the number of redox cycles it has undergone before) governs the extent and direction of mineral transformations during following redox cycles.HighlightsHow do ferrihydrite, goethite and nontronite transform under strongly alternating redox conditions?
In‐situ exposure of minerals in soil under paddy management for 100, 700 and 2000 years.
Fe2+‐catalysed ferrihydrite transformation; irreversible changes in nontronite crystal structure.
The number of redox cycles a soil undergoes, governs mineral transformations in later redox cycles.
The spectrum of epilepsy and electroencephalographic abnormalities due to SHANK3 loss‐of‐function mutations
Authors: Holder J. Lloyd , Quach Michael M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe coincidence of autism with epilepsy is 27% in those individuals with intellectual disability.1 Individuals with loss‐of‐function mutations in SHANK3 have intellectual disability, autism, and variably, epilepsy.2‐5 The spectrum of seizure semiologies and electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities has never been investigated in detail. With the recent report that SHANK3 mutations are present in approximately 2% of individuals with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities and 1% of individuals with autism, determining the spectrum of seizure semiologies and electrographic abnormalities will be critical for medical practitioners to appropriately counsel the families of patients with SHANK3 mutations.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed of all individuals treated at the Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Child Neurology who have been identified as having either a chromosome 22q13 microdeletion encompassing SHANK3 or a loss‐of‐function mutation in SHANK3 identified through whole‐exome sequencing. For each subject, the presence or absence of seizures, seizure semiology, frequency, age of onset, and efficacy of therapy were determined. Electroencephalography studies were reviewed by a board certified neurophysiologist. Neuroimaging was reviewed by both a board certified pediatric neuroradiologist and child neurologist.ResultsThere is a wide spectrum of seizure semiologies, frequencies, and severity in individuals with SHANK3 mutations. There are no specific EEG abnormalities found in our cohort, and EEG abnormalities were present in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy and those without history of a clinical seizure.SignificanceAll individuals with a mutation in SHANK3 should be evaluated for epilepsy due to the high prevalence of seizures in this population. The most common semiology is atypical absence seizure, which can be challenging to identify due to comorbid intellectual disability in individuals with SHANK3 mutations; however, no consistent seizure semiology, neuroimaging findings, or EEG findings were present in the majority of individuals with SHANK3 mutations.
Erythropoietin attenuates motor impairments induced by bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion in rats
Authors: Tahamtan Mahshid , Moosavi Seyed M.S. , Sheibani Vahid , Nayebpour Mohsen , Esmaeili‐Mahani Saeed , Shabani Mohammad 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNeurologic sequelae remain a common and destructive problem in patients with acute kidney injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on motor impairments following bilateral renal ischemia (BRI) in two time points after reperfusion: short term (24 h) and long term (1 week). Male Wistar rats underwent BRI or sham surgery. EPO or saline administration was performed 30 min before surgery (1000 U/kg, i.p.). Explorative behaviors and motor function of the rats were evaluated by open field, rotarod, and wire grip tests. Plasma concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were significantly enhanced in BRI rats 24 h after reperfusion. BRI group had only an increased level of BUN but not Cr 1 week after reperfusion. Impairment of balance function by BRI was not reversed by EPO 24 h after reperfusion, but counteracted 7 days after renal ischemia. Muscle strength had no significant differences between the groups. BRI group had a decrease in locomotor activity, and EPO could not reverse this reduction in both time points of the experiment. Although EPO could not be offered as a potential neuroprotective agent in the treatment of motor dysfunctions induced by BRI, it could be effective against balance dysfunction 1 week after renal ischemia.
Climate tolerances and trait choices shape continental patterns of urban tree biodiversity
Authors: Jenerette G. Darrel , Clarke Lorraine W. , Avolio Meghan L. , Pataki Diane E. , Gillespie Thomas W. , Pincetl Stephanie , Nowak Dave J. , Hutyra Lucy R. , McHale Melissa , McFadden Joseph P. , Alonzo Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimWe propose and test a climate tolerance and trait choice hypothesis of urban macroecological variation in which strong filtering associated with low winter temperatures restricts urban biodiversity while weak filtering associated with warmer temperatures and irrigation allows dispersal of species from a global source pool, thereby increasing urban biodiversity.LocationTwenty cities across the USA and Canada.MethodsWe examined variation in tree community taxonomic diversity, origins and production of an aesthetic ecosystem service trait in a cross‐section of urban field surveys. We correlated urban tree community composition indicators with a key climate restriction, namely mean minimum winter temperature, and evaluated alternative possible drivers: precipitation, summer maximum temperature, population size and the percentage of adults with a college education.ResultsSpecies accumulation curves differed substantially among cities, with observed richness varying from 22 to 122 species. Similarities in tree communities decreased exponentially with increases in climatic differences. Ordination of tree communities showed strong separation among cities with component axes correlated with minimum winter temperature and annual precipitation. Variation among urban tree communities in richness, origins and the provisioning of an aesthetic ecosystem service were all correlated with minimum winter temperature.Main conclusionsThe urban climate tolerance and trait choice hypothesis provides a coherent mechanism to explain the large variation among urban tree communities resulting from an interacting environment, species and human decisions. Reconciling the feedbacks between human decision making and biophysical limitations provides a foundation for an urban ecological theory that can better understand and predict the dynamics of other linked biotic communities, associated ecosystem dynamics and resulting services provided to urban residents.
Red clover for silage: management impacts on herbage yield, nutritive value, ensilability and persistence, and relativity to perennial ryegrass
Authors: Clavin D. , Crosson P. , Grant J. , O'Kiely P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis 6‐year experiment quantified the impacts of management factors on red clover yield, persistence, nutritive value and ensilability, and compared these with perennial ryegrass receiving inorganic N fertilizer. Within a randomized complete block design, field plots were used to evaluate a 2 (cultivar, Merviot and Ruttinova) × 2 (alone and with perennial ryegrass) × 2 (0 and 50 kg fertilizer N ha−1 in mid‐March) × 2 (harvest schedule) combination of the factors relating to red clover, and a 2 (harvest schedule) × 4 (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha−1 for each cut) combination of the factors relating to perennial ryegrass. The early and late harvest schedules both involved four cuts per year, but commenced a fortnight apart. Red clover treatments averaged 14 906 kg dry matter (DM) ha−1 per year, whereas perennial ryegrass receiving 600 kg inorganic N fertilizer per year averaged 14 803 kg DM ha−1 per year. There was no yield decline evident across years despite a decline in the proportion of red clover. The early harvest schedule and sowing ryegrass with red clover increased the herbage yield and digestibility. March application of fertilizer N to red clover treatments reduced the annual yield. Early harvest schedule increased and both fertilizer N and sowing with ryegrass decreased the proportion of red clover. Sowing with ryegrass improved the indices of ensilability, but reduced the crude protein content. Both red clover cultivars had similar performance characteristics. A selected red clover‐based treatment, considered to exhibit superior overall production characteristics, outyielded N‐fertilized perennial ryegrass in mid‐season. However, it had poorer digestibility and ensilability indices.
Sustainability standards and certification: looking through the lens of Foucault's dispositif
Authors: SILVA‐CASTAÑEDA LAURA , TRUSSART NATHALIE 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOver the past few decades, sustainability standards and certification have come to play an important role in the global governance of production and trade. Their purpose is to address the environmental and social problems generated by the globalization of the economy. Yet, as scholars and actors alike have pointed out, framing these problems in terms of technical criteria and procedures might result in rendering some issues invisible and closing potential debate and contestation. Through the empirical analysis of a multi‐stakeholder initiative called the ‘Roundtable of Sustainable Palm Oil', our aim is to explore how civil society organizations and advocacy networks nevertheless draw new lines of power by using, putting to the test, correcting and constructing formalized knowledge. To shed light on these processes of resistance, we advance an analytic that restores the concept of dispositif coined by Michel Foucault in emphasizing both the disruptive and stabilizing lines that compose a dispositif.
Fostering Emotion Expression and Affective Involvement with Communication Partners in People with Congenital Deafblindness and Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Martens Marga A. W. , Janssen Marleen J. , Ruijssenaars Wied A. J. J. M. , Huisman Mark , Riksen‐Walraven J. Marianne 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundRecent studies have shown that it is possible to foster affective involvement between people with congenital deafblindness and their communication partners. Affective involvement is crucial for well‐being, and it is important to know whether it can also be fostered with people who have congenital deafblindness and intellectual disabilities.MethodsThis study used a multiple‐baseline design to examine whether an intervention based on the Intervention Model for Affective Involvement would (i) increase affective involvement between four participants with congenital deafblindness and intellectual disabilities and their 13 communication partners and (ii) increase the participants' positive emotions and decrease their negative emotions.ResultsIn all cases, dyadic affective involvement increased, the participants' very positive emotions also increased and the participants' negative emotions decreased.ConclusionThe results indicate that communication partners of persons with congenital deafblindness and intellectual disabilities can be successfully trained to foster affective involvement.
Climate change and squid range expansion in the North Sea
Authors: van der Kooij Jeroen , Engelhard Georg H. , Righton David A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimStudies focussing on long‐term changes in squid populations are rare due to limited availability of fisheries‐independent data. However, squid play an important role as predator and prey in marine food‐webs and have also become an increasingly important target for fisheries. Their short life history is thought to make them particularly sensitive to changes in the environment, potentially leading to strong fluctuations in population size. Here, we investigate whether squid have increased in the North Sea, in terms of distribution and abundance, and whether these patterns are related to variability in environmental and climatic factors.LocationNorth Sea, north‐east Atlantic Ocean.MethodsWe extracted squid catches from a unique 35‐year time series of bottom trawl survey data in the North Sea (1980–2014), collected during late summer (August–September). Changes in distribution and abundance were compared with climatic variables known to be linked with various ecosystem components in the area.ResultsWe found that squid distribution across the North Sea increased over the 35‐year time series. Loligo expanded southward from a predominantly north‐easterly distribution, compared to northward expansions by Alloteuthis and the Ommastrephidae from their core distributions in the southern and central North Sea respectively. In addition, all squid species studied here displayed an overall increase in biomass over the time series and there were large annual fluctuations. Significantly positive relationships were found between this increase and climate variables for each of the dominant individual taxa studied and when all species were combined.Main conclusionsThe results suggest a strong causal relationship between climate variability, notably warming sea temperatures, and squid populations. At least for the last 35 years, climate change appears to have been largely favourable for squid and with changes in climate set to continue, squid may end up beneficiaries where many finfish struggle.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depressive Symptoms Among Disadvantaged Adolescents: Results from a Population‐Based Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Nasreen Hashima E. , Alam Mohammad Ariful , Edhborg Maigun 
Published: August 2016

PROBLEMFew studies have examined the adolescents’ depression in low‐income countries and no research has yet been carried out in Bangladesh. This study estimated the prevalence of depressive symptoms and explored the associated factors and help seeking behavior among adolescents in Bangladesh.METHODSData originated from a cross section of 2,440 randomly selected boys and girls aged 13–19 years in a rural district and urban slums of Dhaka city, Bangladesh, during October–November 2012. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), a 21‐item scale, measured the prevalence of depressive symptoms using a cut‐off 16 or higher.FINDINGSThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among adolescents was 14%, with predominance in urban slums and among girls. Older age (15–19 years), poverty, and poor parental relation were found to be associated with depressive symptoms of both sexes; family history of depressive symptoms for boys; and reproductive illness and sexual abuse for girls. More than 80% of depressed adolescents sought no help.CONCLUSIONSAdolescent depressive symptoms are common and largely undetected public health problem in Bangladesh. Policies aimed at concerted efforts for implementing a school‐based counseling program with components of cognitive behavioral therapy and developing referral systems for those who scored at least 30 at BDI may ameliorate the potential harmful consequences of depressive symptoms in adolescents.
Assessment of pain perception following periodontal and implant surgeries
Authors: Mei Chih‐Chun , Lee Fu‐Ying , Yeh Hwey‐Chin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate patients’ pain perception following periodontal or implant surgery and to explore risk factors associated with post‐surgical pain.Materials and MethodsPatients undergoing periodontal or implant surgery were recruited. Post‐surgical pain perception was evaluated by a numeric rating scale (NRS, 1–10) after 1 week. Self‐reported durations of pain (DOP) and of swelling (DOS), and consumption of prescriptions were also recorded. Demographic and surgical variables were compared between the groups of mild (MP) and moderate‐to‐severe post‐surgical pain (SP). Factors associated with SP were analysed statistically.ResultsTen surgical types in three categories, comprising 330 surgeries in 253 patients, were included. Overall, 70.3% of the subjects experienced MP, 25.5% experienced moderate pain and 4.2% experienced severe pain. The highest median NRS score was found in subjects having advanced implant surgery [4.0, interquartile range (IQR) 4.00] and the lowest in open flap debridement surgery (1.0, IQR 1.00). The median DOP was 2.0 days (IQR 2.00). Analgesic need (median = 2.0 days, IQR 4.00) was correlated with the DOP (r = 0.406, p < 0.01) and the NRS score (r = 0.358, p < 0.01). Subjects receiving periodontal plastic surgery (OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.06–9.71), complex surgery (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.31–5.25), increased surgical extension (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.21–2.62) and increased anaesthesia (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.13–4.76) were more likely to experience SP.ConclusionsThe majority of patients perceived mild post‐surgical pain, but the pain level varied among different surgical procedures. Periodontal plastic surgery, complex surgery, surgical extension and anaesthetic volume were associated with more pain.
Lentigo maligna – anatomic location as a potential risk factor for recurrences after non‐surgical treatment
Authors: Greveling K. , van der Klok Th. , van Doorn M.B.A. , Noordhoek Hegt V. , Prens E.P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundA higher incidence of lentigo maligna (LM) recurrences on the nose was previously observed in our cohort after non‐surgical treatment.ObjectivesTo determine histological parameters that might be related to the previously observed higher incidence of LM recurrences on the nose after non‐surgical treatment.MethodsWe randomly selected 22 surgical specimens of LM on the nose and 22 on the cheek. Histopathological analysis was performed on haematoxylin and eosin stained and microphthalmia transcription factor immunohistochemically stained slides. The number of pilosebaceous units (PSU) per mm, maximum depth of atypical melanocytes along the skin appendages and maximum depth of the PSU itself were determined.ResultsThe nose had a significantly higher density of PSU than the cheek. The atypical melanocytes extended deeper along the PSU on the nose with a mean (SD) depth of 1.29 mm (0.48) vs. a mean depth of 0.72 mm (0.30) on the cheek (P < 0.001). The maximum depth of the PSU on the nose was greater than on the cheek, mean (SD) depth of 2.28 mm (0.41) vs. 1.65 mm (0.82) (P = 0.003).ConclusionsThe higher recurrence risk of LM on the nose after non‐surgical treatment that we previously observed in our cohort is most likely based on a higher density of atypical melanocytes and also their deeper extension into the follicles. These results shed more light on our previous findings and learn that anatomical location is relevant for the risk of recurrence of LM after non‐surgical treatment.
Factors associated with use of falls risk–increasing drugs among patients of a geriatric oncology outpatient clinic in Australia: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Turner Justin P. , Tervonen Hanna E. , Shakib Sepehr , Singhal Nimit , Prowse Robert , Bell J. Simon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOlder people with cancer are at increased risk of falling. Falls risk–increasing drugs (FRIDs), comprising psychotropics and medications that cause orthostatic hypotension, are a potentially modifiable risk factor for falls. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with use of FRIDs in older people with cancer. Patients aged ≥70 years who presented to a hospital outpatient clinic between January 2009 and July 2010 were included in the study. Information on current medication use, falls in previous 6 months, and frailty criteria was collected. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with levels of FRID use. Overall, 76.1% (n = 293) of 383 patients used FRIDs. This comprised psychotropics (31.2%, n = 120) and medications causing orthostatic hypotension (69.9%, n = 269). In total, 24.0% (n = 92) patients reported falling in the previous 6 months. Risk factors for falling were associated with use of psychotropics but not orthostatic hypotension drugs. Patients with a history of falls had increased odds of using psychotropics (≥3 psychotropics; OR 13.50; 95%CI, 2.64‐68.94). Likewise, frail patients had increased odds of using psychotropics (≥3 psychotropics; OR 27.78; 95%CI, 6.06‐127.42). Risk factors for falling were associated with the use of psychotropics. This suggests that clinicians either do not recognize or underestimate the contribution of medications to falls in this high‐risk patient group. Further efforts are needed to rationalize medication regimens at the time of patients' first presentation to outpatient oncology services.