bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver Abscess: An Institutional Review at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: KC Hari Bahadur , Bhuju S , Dhakal R R , Timilsina D S 
Published: July 2017

Background: Although liver abscess is a potentially life threatening disease, early diagnosis and prompt treatment has resulted good clinical outcome. The epidemiology and management of this condition have evolved over time.Objective: To study our experience in clinical characteristics and management of liver abscess in a tertiary hospital over a period of three years.Methods: The hospital records of all patients discharged with the diagnosis of liver abscess from September 2010 to March 2013 were reviewed. The demographics, clinical presentation, investigation tools, method of treatment and outcome were recorded and analyzed.Results: Total of 17 patients of liver abscess were admitted during this period, of which, 13 were pyogenic and four amebic. The median age was 50 (7 - 75) years with male to female ratio of 1.42 : 1. Age group 40 - 60 years was most commonly affected. Single lesions were found in 11 (64.7%) and multiple in six (35.3%) patients. The most common presentation was fever and abdominal pain/tenderness. Jaundice was seen in five (29.4%) patients and abnormal liver function test in 10 (58.8%) patients. Commonest route of infection among pyogenic liver abscess were through biliary tree pathology (Five patients) and via portal venous system (Three patients). Pus and blood culture were positive in six (46.15%) and four (30.76%) patients respectively, and E. coli was the commonest pathogen isolated. Patients were treated with anti-microbial therapy and interventional radiology techniques: Nine patients with percutaneous needle aspiration, four with percutaneous drainage. Antibiotics alone were sufficient in three patients and open surgical drainage was required in one patient. There was one case of mortality where the abscess was associated with diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Liver abscess is a potentially life threatening disease and commonly associated with underlying gastrointestinal pathology. Adequate antibiotic coverage and image guided intervention is optimal first-line treatment with favorable outcome.Journal of Gandaki Medical CollegeVolume, 09, Number 2, July December 2016, Page: 7-12
Outcomes of Medical Education in Nepal
Authors: Reddy V. Devendar , Upadhayay N , Yadav SK , Subedi B 
Published: July 2017

The standards of medical education in Nepal and other countries in Asia are improving gradually. The medical education is appeared to be student centered. But a teacher is also responsible to improve the academic standards and overall performance of the students. There is a need to provide short period of practical vocational training to teachers in the subject of their specialty. A better teacher trains the student in a better way than untrained medical personnel. In any class, the students are the best judges, so teachers should get a feedback from students after the class and it leads to better performance by a teacher in future classes. Journal of Gandaki Medical CollegeVolume, 09, Number 2, July December 2016, Page: 63-64
Position of JMC Graduates: A Tracer Study
Authors: Sharma Dvilal 
Published: July 2017

The linkage between demand and supply of graduates instill a great significance in any study of higher education. The increasing trend of graduates may ultimately make the job market highly competitive. Due to high competition in job market there are high options for employer searching for new recruitment. To the best of study team, limited research has been carried out in higher education and none of the empirical studies have been found with regard to the absorption of the graduates in the job markets. Much of the studies discussed only challenges and policy intervention part. With this context, the status of graduates of JMC (a QAA Certified Institution) needs to be identified. It is widely believed that JMC has helped in building a nucleus of professionals in the related filed in Nepal and abroad. Though up-to-date information regarding the placement of JMC graduates is not available, it can be assumed that the graduates from JMC have been working in the various positions in the field of service, manufacturing, academia, and NGO/INGOs sectors in reputed and well established national and international organizations in the country and abroad. The main objective of this study is to trace out the students who have graduated from JMC as of 2009 to 2013 in various streams such as BBS, BBA, BA, B Sc and B Ed. The survey instrument was adapted from a questionnaire drafted by University Grants Commission Nepal, and it was slightly modified in its layout for the ease of handling. The questionnaire included both close-ended and opened questions. The expansion of higher education has increased the number of graduates entering into job market in Nepal and abroad. Graduates have felt easy to get enrollment in job market after attaining academic program in this campus. Graduates get insight in skills; attitude and knowledge for their job performance as well as improved work efficiency and communication skills after proceeding from this campus. Similarly the graduates have been able to improve their information technology skills and team spirit from the academic program offered by the campus. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. III (December 2014), Page: 23-33
बहुभाषिक कक्षामा नेपाली शिक्षण: समस्या र समाधान (Bahubhashik Kakshyama Nepali Shikshan: Samasya ra Samadhan)
Authors: शर्मा Saharma बिष्णु Bishnu प्रसाद Prasad 
Published: July 2017

प्रस्तुत लेख बहुभाषिक कक्षामा नेपाली भाषा शिक्षण गर्दा आइपर्ने समस्या र समाधानमा केन्द्रित छ । यसका लागि पुस्तकालयीय विधिबाट द्वितीय स्रोतका सामग्री सङ्कलन गरी तिनको अध्ययन विश्लेषणका साथ निष्कर्षमा पुग्ने प्रयास गरिएको छ । विविध मातृभाषी भएका विद्यार्थीहरूको कक्षा बहुभाषिक कक्षा हो । नेपाल बहुभाषी र बहुजाति मुलुक भएका कारण नेपालका ग्रामीणभन्दा सहरी क्षेत्रमा बहुभाषिक कक्षा बढी देखिन्छन् । यस्तो कक्षामा नेपाली भाषा शिक्षण चुनौतीपूर्ण हुन्छ । नेपाली भाषाको भाषिक वातावरण प्राप्त नगरेका विद्यार्थीहरूमा सम्प्रेषणीयताको अभाव हुनु, कक्षामा शिक्षकले प्रयोग गर्ने नेपाली भाषा कसैका लागि अति सरल र कसैका लागि कठिन अनुभव हुनु, सबै विद्यार्थीको मातृभाषासम्म शिक्षकको पहुँच नहुनु जस्ता समस्या बहुभाषिक कक्षामा नेपाली शिक्षण गर्दा आइपर्छन् भने भाषिक पृष्ठभूमि र क्षमताका आधारमा विद्यार्थीलाई वर्गीकरण गरी सोही अनुसारका शिक्षण सामग्री, विधि तथा पाठ्यवस्तु प्रयोगका साथ उत्प्रेरणा र सबलीकरणका माध्यमबाट बहुभाषिक कक्षामा नेपाली शिक्षणलाई प्रभावकारी बनाउन सकिन्छ ।Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. III (December 2014), Page:95-98
The probabilistic innovation theoretical framework
Authors: Callaghan Chris W. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Despite technological advances that offer new opportunities for solving societal problems in real time, knowledge management theory development has largely not kept pace with these developments. This article seeks to offer useful insights into how more effective theory development in this area could be enabled.Aim: This article suggests different streams of literature for inclusion into a theoretical framework for an emerging stream of research, termed ‘probabilistic innovation’, which seeks to develop a system of real-time research capability. The objective of this research is therefore to provide a synthesis of a range of diverse literatures, and to provide useful insights into how research enabled by crowdsourced research and development can potentially be used to address serious knowledge problems in real time.Setting: This research suggests that knowledge management theory can provide an anchor for a new stream of research contributing to the development of real-time knowledge problem solving.Methods: This conceptual article seeks to re-conceptualise the problem of real-time research and locate this knowledge problem in relation to a host of rapidly developing streams of literature. In doing so, a novel perspective of societal problem-solving is enabled.Results: An analysis of theory and literature suggests that certain rapidly developing streams of literature might more effectively contribute to societally important real-time research problem solving if these steams are united under a theoretical framework with this goal as its explicit focus.Conclusion: Although the goal of real-time research is as yet not attainable, research that contributes to its attainment may ultimately make an important contribution to society.
Role of the Clinical Research Coordinator in Orthopaedic Research: Making Research Less Onerous
Authors: Tainter David M , Grimm Nathan L 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Conducting clinical research can be challenging. The challenges are derived from not only the logistical difficulties of proper scientific conduct but also the many regulatory bodies that are in place to safeguard against harm in subjects involved in clinical research. With the advent of the role of the Clinical Research Coordinator (CRC) these challenges have improved. However, many don't understand the exact role of the CRC.
Grimm NL, Tainter DM. Role of the Clinical Research Coordinator in Orthopaedic Research: Making Research Less Onerous. The Duke Orthop J 2017;7(1):1-2.
Logistics of Clinical Research in the Age of Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Olson Steven A , Manson Maria 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
The increasing adoption of electronic medical record (EMR) systems has added complexity to performing clinical research in today's care environment. Each of the contributions from Duke University within this journal has interfaced with the systems for performing clinical research described in this study. While the increased use of EMRs has aided many aspects of clinical care, the logistics of doing the work of clinical research is seldom discussed. In this review, we briefly outline current practices regarding clinical research as they relate to interface with the EMR.
Olson SA, Manson M. Logistics of Clinical Research in the Age of Electronic Medical Records. The Duke Orthop J 2017;7(1):11-13.
Highlights in Spine Care during the Last One Hundred Years
Authors: Nasca Richard J 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe article reviews milestones in spine care that have occurred in the past 100 years. The various conditions and diagnoses we commonly treat today were poorly understood and there were few reliable treatments available in the first half of the twentieth century. Various diagnostic and imaging techniques have evolved as well as nonoperative and operative modalities to treat deformity, degenerative, and traumatic spine conditions. The reader should gain an understanding and appreciation of how interrelated the early concepts of management and treatment relate to the procedures and technology we take for granted today.Nasca RJ. Highlights in Spine Care during the Last One Hundred Years. The Duke Orthop J 2017;7(1):14-22.
Preoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis following Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Baumgartner Rita , Jones Matthew D , Hame Sharon L , McAllister David R 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTCase reportWe report 3 cases of preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in a 20-year-old female volleyball player (C1), a 22-year-old female snowboarder (C2), and a 36-year-old male recreational basketball player (C3). In all three cases, the patients presented with hypersensitivity in the injured knee and guarded significantly on physical examination. The patients were all placed on anticoagulation prior to operative intervention. C1 underwent repair 45 days after her injury and C2 delayed repair until completion of a 6 month course of warfarin. C3 did not undergo repair of the ACL; he developed significant stiffness and had diagnostic arthroscopy with lysis of adhesions and synovectomy 5 months following his injury.ConclusionData is limited regarding the risk of DVT after nonmajor orthopaedic injury, such as ACL injury. Recognition and immediate treatment of the DVT is essential in minimizing the risk of additional complications. Duration of anticoagulation and delay in surgical intervention should be determined based on individual patient goals and risk factors.Baumgartner RE, Jones MD, Hame SL, McAllister DR. Preoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis following Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear: Report of Three Cases. The Duke Orthop J 2017;7(1):30-33.
Histoire et vérité chez Paul Ricœur et Thucydide: mimesis et enargeia
Authors: Soares Martinho Tomé 
Published: July 2017

Cet article essaye d’analyser l’Histoire de la Guerre du Péloponnèse de Thucydide à la lumière des thèses ricœuriennes sur l’épistémologie de la connaissance historique, notamment les trois moments essentiels de l’opération historiographique : la preuve documentaire, l’explication/compréhension et l’écriture/représentation. Ce qui nous amène à insérer le texte de Thucydide dans la séquence des trois phases de la mimésis impliquée dans toute mise en discours : préfiguration, configuration, refiguration. Le dialogue que nous établissons entre le philosophe français et l’historien grec nous permet aussi de trouver plusieurs dissimilitudes et similitudes entre les deux, soit en réfléchissant sur la question de la vérité, soit en réfléchissant sur la dialectique entre lire et voir, sous le signe du concept rhétorique de l’enargeia.
Re-Assessing the New York City Seismic Design Building Code
Authors: Benyaminov Zoya Susan , Sadiku Merins , Stueber Mishka 
Published: July 2017

This paper addresses the need for reassessment and revision of the New York City Seismic Design Building Code to include reinforcing existing structures that were built before 1995. Although earthquakes in New York City are rare, the combination of its geology and pedology allow for little damping and the lack of adequate reinforcement in existing structures have the potential to amplify the consequences of otherwise small events. The NYC Building Code of 1995 requires new structures to be designed against seismic activity, but does not require the addition of seismic reinforcement for existing buildings. In an effort to fill this gap, a case study of Brooklyn Brownstones is presented, illustrating the concern for unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings and describing the cultural and economic implications of reassessment. This case study, in combination with a literature review and commentary, supports the need for an updated seismic building code. Reassessment will not only preserve culturally significant structures like the Brooklyn Brownstone, but also provide standards for a more resilient infrastructure that will keep New York City operating through greater magnitude events.
Demineralized Dentin and Enamel Matrices as Suitable Substrates for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Bono Nina , Tarsini Paolo , Candiani Gabriele 
Published: July 2017

Background In recent decades, tooth derivatives such as dentin (D) and enamel (E) have been considered as potential graft biomaterials to treat bone defects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of demineralization on the physical-chemical and biological behavior of D and E. Methods Human D and E were minced into particles (Ø<1 mm), demineralized and sterilized. Thorough physical-chemical and biochemical characterizations of native and demineralized materials were performed by SEM and EDS analysis and ELISA kits to determine mineral, collagen type I and BMP-2 contents. In addition, MG63 and SAOS-2 cells were seeded on tooth-derived materials and Bio-Oss®, and a comparison of cell responses in terms of adhesion and proliferation was carried out. Results The sterilization process, as a combination of chemical and thermal treatments, was found to be effective for all materials. On the other hand, D demineralization allowed preserving the collagen content, while increasing BMP-2 bioavailability. D and demineralized D (dD) displayed excellent biocompatibility, even greater than Bio-Oss®. Conversely, the high mineral content displayed by E, as confirmed by EDS analysis, inhibited cell proliferation. Of note, even though the demineralization process was somehow less effective in E than in D, demineralized E (dE) displayed increased BMP-2 bioavailability and improved performance in vitro compared with native E. Conclusions Our results substantiate the idea that the demineralization process lead to an increase of BMP-2 bioavailability, thus paving the way toward development of more effective, osteoinductive tooth-derived materials for bone regeneration and replacement.
Development of an adjustable suture for trabeculectomy
Authors: Lai Yongjun , Elkaseh Husam , Campbell Robert 
Published: July 2017

This study reports a new suture design that enables simple, controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) adjustments in the postoperative period after trabeculectomy surgery, a common operation used in the treatment of glaucoma. Detailed configuration of this novel suture design and the process of fabricating the new sutures are demonstrated. Ex-vivo testing with prototyped sutures has demonstrated IOP drops of over 50% following suture adjustment. The concept of using adjustable suture to realize controllable IOP drop in the post trabeculectomy treatment is proved to be feasible.
“Não me lembro, não me recordo...” Experiências com cultura visual antes da Graduação em Pedagogia.
Authors: Machado Nathalye Nallon , Ferrari Anderson 
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo é resultado de um segundo movimento de uma pesquisa que buscava inicialmente compreender a relação de alunos e alunas da Educação Básica com a cultura visual, principalmente por meio de suas produções imagéticas. No segundo momento, a pesquisa foi realizada com estudantes de Pedagogia de uma Universidade Federal e teve como objetivo compreender suas relações com a cultura visual antes de ingressarem na graduação. As alunas responderam questionários qualitativos, e nesse universo, selecionamos as questões que diziam do trabalho dos professores de História dos Ensinos Fundamental e Médio com os artefatos culturais. Esta análise nos possibilitou refletir acerca de questões importantes, indicando que as imagens vêm sendo trabalhadas na forma de ilustração e muito pouco como produção. Enviado em: 23 de março de 2017. Aprovado em: 28 de abril de 2017
Retratos de Susana: do texto à pintura
Authors: Miranda Vivian Castro de 
Published: July 2017

A partir da noção sobre “o que é Belo”, propõe-se discutir um tema problemático que é a violação feminina na história da arte e dos textos antigos. Tomando a história de Susana atribuída ao profeta Daniel, percebe-se uma profusão de versões plásticas dessa narrativa, que geralmente representam uma mulher nua aterrorizada pelo olhar masculino, que viola e adentra a cena do que deveria ser um tranquilo banho. O corpus analisado parte do texto para a pintura, tendo como principal foco a artista italiana Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1651/53), que aponta para importantes reflexões do contexto contemporâneo no que se refere à visão feminina, sendo a mesma passagem retratada por diversos artistas homens em diferentes épocas. Pretende-se assim contribuir para os estudos que pensam a autoria feminina e a interferência sobre o ponto de vista, além das relações entre texto, imagem e contexto histórico. Enviado em: 29 de março de 2017. Aprovado em: 24 de abril de 2017
L’impact de la connaissance des langues officielles, du niveau de littératie et du pays d’origine sur le risque de surqualification au travail des immigrants canadiens
Authors: Bélanger Alain , Vézina Samuel 
Published: July 2017

À l’instar du revenu ou du taux d’emploi, le taux de surqualification est un indicateur d’intégration des immigrants sur le marché du travail. Comparativement à la moyenne de l’OCDE, le taux de surqualification au Canada est élevé, mais l’écart entre les immigrants et les natifs est relativement faible.
L’objectif de cette recherche est de mesurer l’impact de la connaissance des langues officielles et des compétences en littératie sur le risque plus élevé pour les immigrants d’être surqualifié par rapport aux natifs. Les données canadiennes de l’enquête du Programme pour l’évaluation internationale des compétences des adultes (PEICA) de 2012 sont utilisées. Au total, l’échantillon retenu compte 13 624 cas et représente les 14,5 millions de Canadiens âgés de 25 à 64 ans détenant un diplôme d’études secondaires ou plus qui étaient en emploi au cours de la semaine précédant l’enquête.
Les résultats montrent que l’usage des langues officielles et le niveau de littératie ont un impact significatif sur la propension des travailleurs canadiens à être surqualifiés. Le fait de parler une langue non officielle à la maison et le fait d’avoir un faible niveau de littératie sont tous les deux associés à une augmentation de 70 % du risque d’être surqualifié. Bien qu’il existe une relation entre langue et littératie, ces deux types de compétences expliquent une part distincte du risque de surqualification des travailleurs canadiens.
Opinions de la population québécoise à l’égard de la séparation parentale
Authors: Saint-Jacques Marie-Christine , Godbout Elisabeth , Ivers Hans 
Published: July 2017

Face aux profonds changements sociodémographiques qu’a connus la famille, comment les Québécoises et les Québécois perçoivent-ils la séparation des parents et ses conséquences sur l’adaptation des enfants ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, un sondage a été réalisé auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de la population québécoise (n = 1 202). Les résultats montrent que si la famille « traditionnelle » demeure valorisée et la séparation déplorée par la majorité, la séparation apparaît comme une solution acceptable à une vie de couple malheureuse. Des analyses de regroupement mettent au jour cinq profils d’opinions distincts dont deux sont particulièrement en opposition, soit les modernistes et les traditionalistes. L’interprétation de ces profils montre que si certains Québécois considèrent qu’une séparation est une solution préférable à une union malheureuse, ce constat ne fait pas l’unanimité. Les différences sociodémographiques relevées en comparant ces regroupements fournissent certaines pistes explicatives de la diversité des postures.
Comment mieux identifier les mères adolescentes dans le recensement français ? Améliorations de la méthode du « décompte des enfants au foyer »
Authors: Tomkinson John , Breton Didier 
Published: July 2017

Pour mener des études de fécondité différentielle selon le profil sociodémographique, notamment au sein de population de petite taille, la méthode du « décompte des enfants au foyer » (DEF) est un outil précieux. Pourtant la qualité de cette méthode souffre de quelques limites dont celle de sous-estimer la fécondité aux jeunes âges, notamment durant l’adolescence. Nous proposons dans cette contribution des améliorations de la méthode pour pallier cette limite.
Nos propositions permettent de réduire de 50 % à 34 % la sous-estimation du nombre d’enfants nés d’une mère âgée de 18 ans ou moins. L’Enquête famille et logements (EFL), enquête couplée au recensement de la France en 2011, confirme le bien-fondé de notre approche et la valide dans 93 % des cas.