bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access To Finance – Innovation Relationship In Post-Transition
Authors: Botrić Valerija , Božić Ljiljana 
Published: May 2017

<p class="KeywordsTitle">Innovation performance of most post-transition countries lags behind average EU performance. Inadequately developed financial sector that does not provide suitable financing to innovative firms can be damaging to the overall innovation activity in transition countries. The main focus of this paper is related to the predictors of access to finance difficulties in the aftermath of the economic crisis in post-transition countries. The empirical analysis is based on the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS V) data for 30 post-transition countries. We estimate probability of considering access to finance as a business obstacle corrected for the decision to apply for financing employing Heckman selection estimation procedure. Results reveal that innovative firms are more likely to apply for financing, probably as a consequence of constrained internal resources. Older and larger firms as well as those that expect their business growth in the future are also more likely to apply for financing. At the same time, establishments belonging to a larger enterprise are less likely to apply for financing, probably due to available internal sources. Firms with female top management according to our estimates are less likely to apply for financing as well as small and micro firms. When it comes to perceptions on access to finance as an obstacle for doing business we have established that older and larger enterprises, private firms or those established as joint ventures (i.e. more oriented towards market principles) and those with positive expectations towards their future business activities are less likely to perceive access to finance as major obstacle. Whether an enterprise is innovative or not has no bearing on the perceptions of access to finance, after controlling for application to finance mechanism. </p>
Manufacturing Execution Systems And A Sectoral Application
Authors: Çelikkaya Güner 
Published: May 2017

<p class="KeywordsText"> Information systems have widespread usage on Manufacturing Systems. Most companies need tracking production processes with information systems to become prominent in highly competitive environment. There are some specific metrics need to be followed and important to access these datas on time and also should be reliable. These metrics include all manufacturing and quality processes. In this context; efficiency, line stoppages, malfunction and interruptions, body and supplied part trace ability informations are needed. This study MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems) is the system developed for tracking production processes. MES is working from receipt of order to delivery of the product that are the essentials for the production activities to achieve real time status of all manufacturing data. In this way, all information which not manually recorded or takes long process time to record or can be tracked instantaneously and these records can be reached and analyzed in the future. The system also provides accurate data for us. In this study all phases from design to implementation of an automotive subindustry firm’s MES application designed based on integrated software process requirements are depicted. Relevant system’s integrated software will be implemented to Module Line. This study will allow tracking related product’s all process, decision making and traceability data with serial numbers.</p>
Border Permeability And Drivers Of Cross-Border Cooperation In The Turkish And Eu Border Region
Authors: Varol Cigdem , Söylemez Emrah 
Published: May 2017

<p>With the impact of globalization, increasing flows of social, economic and political relations have begun to redefine the state borders which causes the rising of new border identities. By this redefinition process, European Union (EU)'s external wall forming the boundaries with the neighbourhood countries have also begun to be rebuilt at local and regional level. Throughout this process, new frontier identities are formed with a degree of permeability where the state’s security policies act as the prior issue in the international relations.</p><p> </p><p>Border permeability, that contains grey values varying from closeness to full openness, defines the degree of permeability according to the size, shape and direction of the flows. Dynamic feature of the flows converts border space into a subject of continuous social, economic and political movement. In such places, actors leading the flows appear as the basic elements of permeability and they can be described as economic, political and socio-cultural agents. At the edge of supranational and national border, actors use networks, which are connected to both local and regional levels, in order to build up cross-border cooperation in different aspects. In this context, border regions transform into a space, where local actors develop methods to overcome the restrictiveness of constraints for the flows among the supranational and the national borders.</p><p> </p><p>This paper aims to evaluate the permeability between EU supranational border and Turkish national border and to define the new cross-border cooperation formed by the social, economic and political flows of the actors. In this context, the permeability and the new border identity will be assessed through three type of administrative body (supranational, national EU and national non-EU) by using the national and local level data supported by EU cross-border programmes and by in-depth interviews conducted at various actors including national institutions, local organizations and NGOs in Turkey.</p>
When is blockholding growth enhanced?
Authors: Bole Velimir , Guštin Ada , Prašnikar Janez 
Published: May 2017

<p class="BodyA">In this paper we test productivity differences among groups of firms with multiple controls. By using an exceptionally reach database, consisting of more than 4,000 Slovenian firms, each employing at least 50 employees or having their assets larger than two million euros (two criteria defining a small firm), and containing the information of firms’ ten largest owners and their financial statements for the period 2006-2014, we design all possible minimal controlling coalition types up to three dominant owners and examine which minimal controlling coalition type generates the highest expected total factor productivity (TFP). We show that the optimal blockholding coalition type, consistingof two members coalitions without dominant owners,was able to attain short-term efficiency of dispersed owners.Other blockholdingcoalition types stayed behind. A simple behavioristic principle is observed: short term efficiency of controlling coalition type decreases with the number of dominant owners and increases with the number of potential controlling (minimal) coalitions with different dominant owners.<strong></strong></p><p class="BodyA"> </p>
Determinants Of The Trade Balance In The Turkish Economy
Authors: Ari Ali , Cergibozan Raif 
Published: May 2017

<p class="AbstractText">The Turkish economy has a long-run problem of trade deficits. Several efforts and different policies over the last 50 years could not find any permanent remedy to this problem which is an important source of external vulnerability for the Turkish economy. Thus, this study aims to shed light on the trade balance dynamics in Turkey via Johansen cointegration test, vector error correction model, and impulse-response analysis, for the period 1987–2015. Estimation results indicate that in the long-run an increase in real effective exchange rate improves trade balance, while an increase in Turkish (foreign) income improves (deteriorates) trade balance. In the short-run, real effective exchange rate has no impact on trade balance, while an increase in domestic and foreign income negatively affects the Turkish trade balance. The impulse-response analysis also shows that the J-curve hypothesis does not hold for the Turkish case. </p>
Role And Importance Of Fanpage In Promotion Of Products And Services
Authors: Smoląg Klaudia , Lemańska-Majdzik Anna 
Published: May 2017

<p>The development of information and communication technology significantly determines how enterprises conduct their activities. The use of ICT solutions is visible in each area of the functioning of enterprises, in particular in activities aimed at promotion of products and services. The aim of all promotional activities is to exercise influence on the current and future customers of a company. They involve providing customers with information to increase their knowledge about the products and services and the company itself. In today's digital economic life, in order to reach potential customers and retain the existing ones, companies have to observe and quickly adapt ICT solutions. Key ICT solutions include social media, which have had a significant impact on both the social and economic life. The growing number of social media users contributed to changes in the form and way of communicating and building mutual relations. Moreover, the final say on many issues belongs more and more often to people for whom Internet communication is an integral part of life, which undoubtedly is a clear signal that preferences of today's and future consumers are undergoing a diametrical change. This change in consumers' preferences, expectations and needs forces enterprises to use effective ways of communication and new forms of providing information to a specific target group. Social media users constitute an increasing group that often actively joins promotional activities undertaken by a company. In addition, the social media environment enables presentation of information that is characterised by high quality, elaborate content and interesting form (text, photos, animation or films). These are only some of the factors in favour of the use of social media in the promotional activity of enterprises. However, the modern reality as well as extended functionality and variety of social media are on the one hand conducive to building and maintaining relations with customers, while on the other hand, they requires appropriate preparation of a strategy of action in a new, virtual economic world.</p><p class="AbstractText">The aim of the paper is to analyse, based on literature studies, the assumptions of enterprises' strategies of action in the social media environment, with particular reference to fanpage. Based on the results of own studies of a group of 172 Polish users of social media conducted at the end of 2015, key actions taken by users on fanpages were indicated, and significant elements influencing the proper structure of fanpage from the user's perspective were presented.</p>
Adult Education Policies In Eu: In-Depth Insight On Their Contribution To Social Cohesion
Authors: Sklias Pantelis , Roukanas Spyros , Chatzimichailidou Giota 
Published: May 2017

<p class="AbstractText">The objective of the present study is to investigate the European Union (EU) policies regarding Adult Education from the early fifties. It seems like Adult Education, either as an ideology or as a practice, haven’t gained widespread attention by the Brussels Bureaucrats, as a result, the first interests in concepts of Adult Education had begun, only, in 2000. While Lifelong Learning involves both vocational and non-vocational education, policymakers seemed to be preoccupied by an extensive interest to meet the needs of European labour market, so they have paid much effort to promote Vocational Education and Training instead of Adult Education. The possible contribution of Adult Education policies to strengthen social cohesion is another issue we attempt to explain. Were EU policies for Adult Education a step in this direction so far or not? </p>
Designing Open Innovation Based Product Development Process For Smes Using Mobile Technologies
Authors: ÜNAL Ceyda , TECİM Vahap 
Published: May 2017

<p class="AbstractText">The use of technology in innovative product design process is becoming very accelerative all over the world. Following that, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) must practice innovative operations due to the fact that they have financial and technical incapabilities. In spite of all the essentialities, researches showed that research and development (R&amp;D) expenditures of SMEs are under 5% in 2015. Focusing on SMEs, it was observed that R&amp;D infrastructure of them is extremely weak. Research conducted in 2015 in Turkey, according to R&amp;D expenditures of firms showed that first ten enterprises in the list were multinational, so not SMEs.</p><p class="AbstractText"> </p><p class="AbstractText">Open innovation is very fundamental for SMEs to keep their competitive advantages. Nowadays, important multinational firms have left their closed structure about R&amp;D and innovation practices. As a result of this; firms have started to behave accordingly to open innovation systems. In open innovation, all the external partners should participate in the business processes. However, there are not enough researches about it.</p><p class="AbstractText"> </p><p class="AbstractText">The purpose of this paper is to design product development processes of SMEs using mobile technologies. The system which was allowed the effects of external partners was designed for it. According to data collected through in-depth interviews with experts and literature review, the points are given by customers were taken into account and analyzed. The analysis process was applied according to selection criteria specified.</p><p class="AbstractText"> </p><p class="AbstractText">Recently, open innovation has been provided by the "contestification" method. Contestification is the method that enables users to participate in an ideation contest and all the users have right to vote for ideas. As a result of this, innovative ideas come to realize. Despite of the importance as mentioned, there are few researches about the application of contestification method via mobile technologies. For this reason, contestification method was used to accelerate the product development process in this study.</p><p class="AbstractText"> </p><p class="AbstractText">This research sheds light on the contribution of the users for the product development process. In the measurement process, it was observed that SMEs needed this kind of research for the efficient decision making with less financial resources and method developed made the analysis process easier.</p>
Increasing Impact Of Stock Market Performance On Government Tax Revenues
Authors: Plíhal Tomáš , Urbanovský Tomáš 
Published: May 2017

<p class="AbstractText">The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between fiscal policy, economic growth and stock market in the United States. This issue has gained importance in the last decade because the market has changed. A significance break has been detected which impacts the nature of the nexus between certain variables. The correlation between the tax revenues and the stock market has increased noticeably, encouraging the revision of the current approach to fiscal policy. This study examines relationship between three variables, namely real GDP, federal government current tax receipts and the stock market represented by the Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index. Quarterly data from 1971 to 2015 are used, divided into two subsets in the year 2000, because there is an obvious change in trend and volatility of the variables. The analysis uses ADF and KPSS unit root tests to find the order of the integration of the data. Subsequent analysis applies Johansen cointegration test, vector error correction model, Granger causality tests and variance decomposition analysis. The results demonstrate that the selected variables are cointegrated, and performance of the stock market significantly increases its influence on government tax revenues in the second period. The findings of this paper are significant for policy makers. Understanding how stock market development and economic growth influence tax revenues and vice versa is crucial for the efficient implementation of successful fiscal policy. Investors in the economy of the United States will be also able to benefit from these results which will help them to understand economic conditions and improve their investment decisions. </p>
Lms Selection Process For Effective Distance Education System In Organizations
Authors: KARAGÖZ Emre , ORAL L. Özge , Han KAYA Oğuz , TECİM Vahap 
Published: May 2017

<p class="Default"> </p><p class="Default"> Towards the end of the 20th century, especially development of science and technology brought some innovation to some conceptual area such as education. In society, to build a quality and civilized life, education emerges as a one of the most important actors. Unfortunately, the rights in education of the every person in society may be delayed due to financial problems, physical disabilities, time pressure, geographical distances or any other reasons. Distance learning is a one of the method that provides education for people by eliminating these disadvantages. Since end of the 19th century, distance education has been provided with some methods such as TV, radio, mail and etc. Especially, in the beginning of 21th century; internet is widely used by everybody. New technological environment has brought a new opportunity for distance education.</p><p class="Default">Learning Management System (LMS) is the most important actor of the internet based distance learning that brings together educators and students for training. LMS allows to deliver materials, having assignment and quizzes and other educational activities. Whether educational institutions or organizations that are emphasis on the training of employees can use LMS platform. Every organization has to decide which LMS is suitable for them. Decision makers face to solve this kind of problems because every LMS has different characteristics and different learning process.</p><p>This study is focused on choosing suitable LMS for organizations by using AHP methods. Two groups of LMS, open source software’s (Moodle and Sakai) and commercial software’s (BlackBoard and Sharepoint LMS), are compared by using selecting criteria’s. These criteria’s are license costs, flexibility, security, user interface and prevalence of use. In the decision process, different weight ratios are used depending on their priority. The findings of this AHP Process are discussed.</p>
Income And Expense Analysis Of Retail Trade Sector Companies Traded On Borsa Istanbul
Authors: SUSMUŞ Türker , BAŞLANGIÇ S.Özgür 
Published: May 2017

<p>Retail trade sector is growing rapidly and shows significant improvements in the “World Trade”. This charming sector is expanding and developing in Turkey appropriate to the developments in the world. In particular, population growth, the spread of the use of a credit card, the developments in Turkey’s economy and such other reasons, this sector has made a quite development in recent years.</p><p> </p>There are a total of eight companies operating in the retail trade sector in Borsa (Stock Market) Istanbul. Operating expenses such as; research and development expenses, marketing, sales and distribution expenses, general administrative expenses are very important for the determination of profitability of these companies. In this study answers to the following questions are to be searched; what is the share of operating expenses in this sector? Is there a relationship between the profitability with operating expenses? What is the ratio of total expenses in operating expense? What is the rate and volume amount of domestic market sales and export to foreign markets? This eight retail trade company operating in Bourse Istanbul will be reviewed by analyzing their income tables statistically.
Financial Literacy And Behavioural Skills: The Influence Of Financial Literacy Level On Behavioural Skills
Authors: Josef Nesleha , Vera Jancurova 
Published: May 2017

<p>Financial literacy and behavioral finance have become a part of education not only in the United States, but also in the whole of Europe. The process of education, in terms of financial literacy, starts at primary schools where children start to be exposed to financial literacy. It is followed by additional stages of education system. Moreover, this is completed by range of other possibilities how to become familiar with this type of knowledge, in the way of various programs, usually conducted by governments and other specialized institutions. Especially, in terms of universities behavioral finance start to play important role as well.</p><p>Based on the previous assumptions, financial literacy needs to be tested, measured and evaluated, notably the level of students studying Economics, since their participation in economic world might affect the future of our society and welfare.</p><p>The goal of this article is to verify whether there are some gaps among students and find out what are predictors standing behind various level of financial literacy. Consequently, additional target is to detect how financial literacy influences the sensitivity to behavioral biases and heuristics. This goal is reached by doing own research, which is based on an electronic questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of three main parts. In the first part, respondents provide us with their demographic data, such as age, gender, education and other. The second one focuses on objective evaluation of respondent´s knowledge of financial literacy. The last part examines behavioral finance, especially respondent´s reaction to behavioral biases.</p>The methods, used for the questionnaire evaluation, are descriptive statistics, enabling us to make a first assessment of the data file, and two-sample t-test, enabling compare different groups or samples. It also provides a chance to verify whether suffering from a particular bias corresponds with higher of lower level of financial literacy.
The evidence on the existence of economies Of scale in local government units
Authors: Pevcin Primož 
Published: May 2017

<p>The purpose of this paper is to empirically verify if the possible existence of scale economies actually supports the argument that municipal consolidation is needed in Slovenia. The major reform of local self-government in Slovenia was implemented in 1994, when the transformation of existing 58 »communal« municipalities was envisaged. From 1995 onwards, the number of municipalities increased to the current number of 212 municipalities. Consequently, the necessity to implement structural reforms of local self-government in Slovenia has been stressed. The arguments favoring municipal amalgamations stressed that country has become too fragmented and municipal amalgamation would enable the reduction of (administrative) costs, and increase efficiency as well as quality of services provided, indicating that technical aspects of local government operation are targeted. Following, technical efficiency of Slovenian municipalities is estimated with the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, in order to determine if (and which) municipalities are experiencing increasing returns to scale (i.e., scale economies). The results indicate that there is important scale efficiency component, and predominantly very small municipalities are experiencing economies of scale, but their number is relatively low. Therefore, one of the classical arguments for municipal amalgamation, achieving economies of scale, can only be applied at a limited scale. This does not imply that more extensive amalgamation is not warranted, but it demands that other arguments justifying municipal amalgamation should be presented. </p>