bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trial parallel-group on optimizing community pharmacist’s care for the elderly: The influence of WhatsApp-Email delivered clinical case scenarios
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim Osama , Al Mazrouei Nadia , Elnour A. A. , Ibrahim Rana , H. Abdel-Qader Derar , Mohamed El Amin Ibrahim Hamid Rowida , Menon Vineetha , Saeed Ali Awadallah , Fatehi Abdalla Sami , T. Alsulami Fahad , Alqarni Yousef Saeed , Mohammed Abuelnor 
Published: October 2024

Background
Drug-related problems (DRPs) significantly threaten the safety of the elderly. In order to improve pharmacists’ ability to minimize these events, novel educational interventions that consider the current challenges in clinical practice are crucial.

Objectives
The primary objective is to assess the impact of two unique educational interventions on pharmacists’ ability to identify DRPs.

Method
A total of 127 community pharmacies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were recruited and randomly allocated to one of three arms using a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. While a series of clinical case scenarios (N = 24) related to elderly care were established and validated and sent to pharmacists in Active Group A over a 3-month period, lengthy research articles focused on medication safety in elderly were emailed to pharmacists in Active Group B. The control group pharmacist received no intervention. Then, pharmacists self-reported the number, categories, and severity of DRPs and pharmacist recommendations.

Results
The incidence of DRPs identified by pharmacists was 10.8% in Active Group A, 2.0% in the Control Group (p = 0.011), and 3.8% in Active Group B (p = 0.014). A significant difference was observed in the proportion of DRP types between Active Group A and the Control Group. The most common DRPs in Active Group A were avoidable medication (14.7%) and untreated disease (9.2%). Pharmacists in Active Group A (37.2%) and Active Group B (32.3%) most commonly intervened by recommending the cessation of medication, while the most common intervention in the Control Group was recommending a decrease in dose (29.8%). The mean cost reduction per patient was highest in Active Group A (31.3 ±11.8 $), followed by Active Group B (20.8 ±8.6 $) and the Control Group (19.6 ±9.5 $). The mean time needed to resolve a DRP was shortest in Active Group A (7.3 ±3.5 minutes), followed by Active Group B (9.8 ±4.2 minutes) and the Control Group (9.8 ±5.7 minutes).

Conclusion
Using WhatsApp to deliver clinical scenarios was effective in improving pharmacists’ ability to identify and address DRPs in elderly patients, resulting in faster resolution and higher cost savings.
The 123 COVID SCORE: A simple and reliable diagnostic tool to predict in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients on hospital admission
Authors: Ostrowska Małgorzata , Kasprzak Michał , Fabiszak Tomasz , Gajda Jacek , Jaje-Rykowska Natalia , Michalski Piotr , Moczulska Beata , Nowek Paulina , Piasecki Maciej , Pilaczyńska-Cemel Marta , Podhajski Przemysław , Prudzic Paulina , Stępniak Dominika , Świątkowski Damian , Żechowicz Maciej , Gajda Robert , Gromadziński Leszek , Kryś Jacek , Kubica Aldona , Przybylski Grzegorz , Szymański Paweł , Kubica Jacek 
Published: October 2024

Background
Patients hospitalized due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still burdened with high risk of death. The aim of this study was to create a risk score predicting in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients on hospital admission.

Methods
Independent mortality predictors identified in multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to build the 123 COVID SCORE. Diagnostic performance of the score was evaluated using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

Results
Data from 673 COVID-19 patients with median age of 70 years were used to build the score. In-hospital death occurred in 124 study participants (18.4%). The final score is composed of 3 variables that were found predictive of mortality in multivariate logistic regression analysis: (1) age, (2) oxygen saturation on hospital admission without oxygen supplementation and (3) percentage of lung involvement in chest computed tomography (CT). Four point ranges have been identified: 0–5, 6–8, 9–11 and 12–17, respectively corresponding to low (1.5%), moderate (13.4%), high (28.4%) and very high (57.3%) risk of in-hospital death. The 123 COVID SCORE accuracy measured with the AUROC was 0.797 (95% CI 0.757–0.838; p<0.0001) in the study population and 0.774 (95% CI 0.728–0.821; p<0.0001) in an external validation cohort consisting of 558 COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions
The 123 COVID SCORE containing merely 3 variables: age, oxygen saturation, and percentage of lung involvement assessed with chest CT is a simple and reliable tool to predict in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients upon hospital admission.
Perspectives of osteopathic medical students on preclinical urology exposure: a single institution cross-sectional survey
Authors: Wong Ryan , Mayrovitz Harvey N. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
There is an increasing number of medical school graduates opting for surgical specialties, and the osteopathic applicant match rate for urology is lower than that of allopathic applicants. Factors influencing this may include a lack of interest, perceived challenges in matching into urology, insufficient urology mentorship, limited research opportunities, and inadequate osteopathic representation in urology.

Objectives
The objective of this survey is to assess osteopathic medical students’ perspectives on pursuing urology and enhancing preclinical exposure to and knowledge of urology.

Methods
A 20-question survey addressing experiences and the factors influencing osteopathic medical students’ specialty selection and their interest in and perception of urology was designed by the investigators on Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) software. This survey was distributed via email listserv to all current osteopathic medical students attending Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine over 2 months. Responses were collected and analyzed utilizing Fisher’s exact test.

Results
Among 150 respondents, 91 % found mentors crucial in selecting a medical specialty, 95 % emphasized the importance of early exposure, and 68 % lacked familiarity with urology, with more M1 students unfamiliar with urology compared to M2 (70.4 % vs. 59 %). A larger proportion of combined M1 and M2 (preclinical) students are considering urology as a specialty compared to M3 and M4 (clinical) students who are actively on rotations (56.5 % vs. 28.6 %; p=0.0064). Also, a greater percentage of males are considering urology compared to females (64.2 % vs. 42.7 %; p=0.0164). Among those considering urology (n=75), 57.3 % lack awareness of urology’s scope, and 84 % report no preclinical discussions with urologists. Those students who report that they are considering urology value early exposure significantly more than others (98.7 % vs. 78.7 %; p=0.0001). They also express greater interest in having a core urology course (73.3 % vs. 38.7 %; p<0.0001). More urology-considering students are interested in extracurricular urology-related workshops, seminars, or conferences (61.3 % vs. 17.3 %; p<0.0001). Students who are considering urology as a specialty show greater interest in having a mentorship program (85.3 % vs. 28 %; p<0.0001).

Conclusions
Results suggested that increased urology exposure during the preclinical years is important. Urology elective offerings and urology mentorship are of high interest among those considering urology. However, additional investigation is needed to determine the impact of preclinical urology curricula implementation on urology match outcomes.
Asymmetrische Gegenbegriffe in Laktanz’ ‚Politischer Theologie‘
Authors: Nebelin Marian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Lactantius’ theology is a ‚political theology‘ containing numerous asymmetrical counter-concepts. These are used to establish contradictory group constellations in whose negative part the negative others – the ‚out-group‘ – cannot necessarily recognise themselves. Among these counter-concepts, the moral-anthropological opposition of ‚the good‘ (boni) and ‚the evil‘ (mali) is of particular importance. Lactantius’ counter-concepts are politicised because they convey extremely polarised determinations of the degree of association and dissociation of human beings. These counter-concepts are also religious, because they are related to aspects of salvation history, natural law, soteriology, and eschatology. Due to their references to salvation history, Lactantius’ political group terminologies fit into the history of the radicalisation of asymmetrical counter-concepts, which stretches from antiquity to modernity and was identified by Reinhart Koselleck. Lactantius’ ‘political theology’, however, plays a special role in this history of radicalisation and violence, because, on the one hand, it marks the point at which distinctive political semantics became theologically charged. On the other hand, Lactantius did not unchain the potential for violence that was inherent in the counter-concepts. Therefore, his ‘political theology’ did not contain any praxeology or justification of violence from the Christian side.
Das Böse bei Hannah Arendt
Authors: Dober Hans Martin 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
In ihrem Bestreben, die Funktionsweise totalitärer Systeme zu verstehen, insbesondere, die von Nazi-Deutschland begangenen Verbrechen zu begreifen, spricht Hannah Arendt von der Banalität des Bösen. Dabei geht sie über Kants Auffassung des radikal Bösen hinaus, ohne dessen moralische Bedeutung zu verwerfen, um angesichts der Erschütterung des traditionellen Verständnisses von Humanität durch den Eichmann-Prozess den Begriff der persönlichen Verantwortung zu retten. Insofern sie sich an der antiken griechischen Philosophie von Sokrates und Platon sowie an den Quellen des Judentums orientiert, wird in Umrissen eine konzeptuelle Nähe zu Hermann Cohen sichtbar. Der dialogische und dialektische Charakter des Denkens, auf dem Arendts Widerstand gegen den Totalitarismus beruht, ist in Cohens Philosophie, die Arendt kaum wird gelesen haben, vorgeformt. Das von Cohen in seiner Auseinandersetzung mit Kant für Arendt herausgearbeitete radikal Gute lässt sich jedoch nur durch zwei regulativen Prinzipien annäherungsweise bestimmen: durch das Sokratische Prinzip des inneren Selbstgesprächs und den auf die moralische Sphäre angewandten Urteilsbegriff Kants.
Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in rural areas of Bangalore urban district
Authors: Ajit Nisha Elizabeth , Nandish B  , Fernandes Roshan Joseph , Roga Gillian , Kasthuri Arvind , Shanbhag Deepthi N , Goud B Ramakrishna 
Published: October 2024

Background
Osteoarthritis is a common arthropathy of the knee. In India, the prevalence of the disease in the adult rural population is estimated to be 5.8%.

Aim
To measure the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis among adults in a rural area and to study the risk factors associated with knee osteoarthritis in the study population. To compare the EULAR 2009 criteria with the modified clinical criteria given by American College of Rheumatology (ACR) for the diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis of the knee joint.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted across seven villages coming under a sub-center, from December 2011 to January 2012. A total of 342 subjects were selected by stratified random sampling. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of osteoarthritis based on EULAR 2009, modified ACR criteria, anthropometry, and clinical examination of the knees. The data was analyzed using standard statistical software.

Results
The mean age of the population was 42.56 ±16.5 years. The corresponding prevalence of osteoarthritis calculated using the ACR and the EULAR 2009 criteria were 17% and 5.6% in the adult population and 54.1% and 16.4% in the elderly. The etiological factors found to be associated with osteoarthritis are age (P <0.0001), poor education (P <0.0001), previous knee injury (P = 0.046), and regular climbing of stairs (P <0.0001).
Diagnosis of circulatory antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis among asymptomatic undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy patients in India
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Khanna Geetika , Batra Sumit , Sharma Vinod Kumar , Rastogi Sangita 
Published: October 2024

Background

trachomatisinfection has been reported in patients with undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy (uSpA). However, it is underdiagnosed globally, including India.

Aim
The aim of the study was to determine circulatory anti-Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies in uSpA patients.

Materials and methods
Twenty two uSpA patients were included in the study following the European Spondylarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) criteria and 12 age- and sex- matched osteoarthritis patients were also included for comparison. From each patient, 5 ml of non-heparinized intravenous blood was collected for analysis. Anti-C. trachomatis IgG and IgA antibodies were detected in serum using commercially available ELISA kits and the data was statistically evaluated.

Results
During the study, 18.1% (4/ 22) uSpA patients were found positive for anti-C. trachomatis IgA antibodies, while 4.5% (1/ 22) patients were positive for anti-C.trachomatis IgG antibodies in serum. None of the control patients was positive for these antibodies.
The relevance of observational studies in rheumatology and clinical immunology
Authors: S Chandrashekara  
Published: October 2024

Most of the developments happened in the field of science, especially in medicine, are based on meticulous observations and interpretations. In the recent years, it is necessary to support such observations or findings by evidence based on experiments done at controlled conditions. However, experiments involving humans have many limitations and drawbacks. In most cases, it is difficult to full imply the findings observed in animal experiments in human trials. Even in the era ruled by evidence- based medicine, especially with reference to treatment strategies, observational studies are significant to circumvent such inadequacies. Realizing this fact, FDA (USA) in 2007 launched a well-known sentinel program named Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) to create a nationwide data network.1 The program assisted in developing many useful methods and designs to utilize the available large observation data. Such programs highlight the relevance of having observational studies with significant findings.
Public debate about the model change in Hungarian higher education: The representation of radical changes in university governance in Hungary in politically opposing online newspapers between 2019 and 2021
Authors: Géring Zsuzsanna , Kováts Gergely , Tamássy Réka , Király Gábor 
Published: October 2024

The Hungarian higher education (HE) system went through a transformation, the so-called “model change” in the last years. During this process, the majority of public HE institutions were transformed into institutions maintained by private foundations. This paper focuses on the media representation of this transformation by analysing all relevant articles about the transformation (169 in total), published between 2019 and 2021 from two of the most active online journals on the topic representing the main opposite political sides (mno.hu and hvg.hu). Our analysis reveals the main actors as well as the arguments for and against the model change. The media representation in the Hungarian context is particularly important because there was not any governmental White Paper about the process. Therefore, Hungarian media served as the primary source of information to the public about the goals (and later the critiques) of the model change. However, the inner structures of the pros and cons expose how the two sides talk at cross-purposes, with minimal reactions to the arguments of the ‘other side’. This resulted in „monologizing” instead of any real dialogue.
Theoretical and Methodological Justification of the Public Danger of an Act in Criminal Law
Authors: Miroshnichenko D. V. 
Published: October 2024

Public danger is a fundamental category of criminal law that defines its essence and social purpose. At the same time, science has not yet developed a unified view on the nature of public danger, its place and role in the structure of criminal law knowledge and law enforcement. In particular, the following questions remain unresolved: the legal boundaries of public danger, the correlation of the principle of legality with the social foundations of criminal liability, the correlation of the concept of harm with public danger, the possibility of its objective cognition, the impact on the assessment of public danger of acts of social values and personality, determining the quality of a crime. The paper analyzes the phenomenology of social perception of public danger in the aspect of law enforcement assessments of real harm. For this purpose, dialectics is used in the categories of reality and possibility. Harm is considered as a category of reality, and public danger as a category of opportunity. At the same time, the author understands harm and public danger not in a universal, but in a legal sense. The essence of harm means an encroachment on social values and a response to it from society and the state — a moral rebuke of the act, elevating it to the degree of social threat (danger). The public danger of a crime is constructed by the legislator, therefore this property (public danger) is associated with the reality of harm and is an important and necessary criminal law construct filled with real social meaning. The modern problem, actualized by the security paradigm, is the definition of moral criteria for the validity of socially dangerous harm.
The 2021 and 2022 North Coast California Earthquake Sequences and Fault Complexity in the Vicinity of the Mendocino Triple Junction
Authors: Hellweg Margaret , Dreger Douglas S. , Lomax Anthony , McPherson Robert C. , Dengler Lori 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The Mendocino Triple Junction (MTJ), one of the most tectonically active and complex regions of California, has damaging earthquakes on the San Andreas and Mendocino faults, within the oceanic and subducting regions of the Gorda section of the Juan de Fuca plate, and within the overriding North American plate (NAP). Two recent earthquake sequences in the MTJ region, starting on 20 December 2021 and 20 December 2022, highlight the complex interactions of regional faults. We explore these sequences to better define the deep faults in the MTJ region, and their rupture modes. Our finite-source analysis shows the 2021 sequence began with two M ∼6.0 earthquakes separated by ∼11 s in time and 30 km in distance. The first earthquake occurred offshore on the Mendocino fault at a depth of 16.5 km. Its S waves triggered an “onshore” intraplate Gorda event at a depth of 27 km, which ruptured a vertical fault toward the northeast. Finite-source analysis of the mainshock of the 2022 sequence, M 6.4, indicates the rupture started offshore north of Cape Mendocino within the Gorda plate and propagated east-northeast, toward populated areas. Damage to towns and infrastructure was exacerbated by directivity and the sediment-filled valleys, as well as by a large aftershock (M 5.4) centered 20 km south-southeast of the mainshock rupture plane. The depths and mechanisms of the onshore 2021 and the 2022 earthquakes and their aftershock sequences indicate that they occurred on different strike-slip faults within the subducted portion of the Gorda plate. The faults active in these earthquakes are unrelated to mapped surface faults in the overriding NAP and are oblique to the tectonic trends seen at the surface. The 2021 and 2022 earthquakes are close to the boundary between two distinct regions of the Gorda plate, where offshore north–south horizontal compression transitions to east–west downslab tension.
The 2024 Mw 7.0 Wushi Earthquake in Southern Tianshan Convergent Zone: Finite-Fault Model for the Coseismic Rupture and Aftershock
Authors: Zheng Rui , Zou Rong , Dong Rendong , Fang Zhiwei , Wang Qi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
On 22 January 2024, an Mw 7.0 earthquake struck the oblique thrust Maidan fault (MDF) at the boundary between the Southern Tianshan and Tarim basin, making it the largest earthquake on the fault in the last 100 yr. Here, we use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to retrieve coseismic and aftershock deformation caused by the earthquake and then constrain fault geometry and slip distribution. Line-of-sight InSAR observations revealed a coseismic deformation area of 70 km × 60 km with a maximum value of ∼0.8 m and also captured the deformation from the aftershock event seven days after the mainshock. Our preferred two-segment coseismic fault model ruptures the MDF locked segment and deeper regions, exhibiting a homogeneous elliptical rupture with a maximum slip of ∼2.7 m on a rectangular plane with a dip angle of ∼60°, a length of ∼55 km, and a depth between 5 and 20 km. The aftershock formed a rupture plane of 10×8  km2 with the maximum slip of ∼0.3 m, causing slip in the shallow area of the fault where the coseismic ruptures were smaller, and supplementarily released the stress in the shallow part of the fault. The strong earthquake (Mw 7) return period on MDF inferred from the interseismic slip rate is 170–200 yr. Oblique thrust slip revealed by the slip distribution model is the result of long-term absorption of oblique convergence strain in the Southern Tianshan by the MDF and then concentrated release. The 2024 event resulted in a 60 km unruptured segment on the MDF being in a stress-triggering zone, increasing the potential seismic hazard, in contrast to the delayed seismicities on 100 km region of the southern Kalping fault (KPF).