bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy on Quadriceps Strength: A Systematic Review
Authors: McLeod Michelle M. , Gribble Phillip , Pfile Kate R. , Pietrosimone Brian G. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) after meniscal tear has been widely accepted and associated with quick return to activity. Unfortunately, meniscectomy is associated with risk for knee osteoarthritis, which may be attributed to postsurgical quadriceps weakness. This has important implications, as the quadriceps play a prominent role in knee stabilization and energy attenuation in the lower extremity.Objective:To determine the magnitude of interlimb quadriceps strength deficits in people with unilateral APM by systematically reviewing the current literature.Evidence Acquisition:The Web of Knowledge databases were searched on September 22, 2010, using terms meniscus OR meniscectomy AND quadriceps strength OR quadriceps weakness. Included articles were written in English, reporting means and SDs of isokinetic peak torque at 60° and 180°/s for both limbs.Evidence Synthesis:Four articles were included in the final analysis. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated between limbs for periods less than 1 mo, 1–3 mo, 3–6 mo, and more than 6 mo.Conclusion:Homogeneous effect sizes indicate quadriceps weakness in the involved limb. Effects were strong at less than 1 mo (d = −1.01 to −1.62), while weak to strong effects were found for 1–3 mo (d = −0.40 to −8.04) and 3–6 mo (d = −0.40 to −5.11). Weak effects were found at more than 6 mo (d = −0.30 to −0.37). Definitive effects with a CI not crossing zero were found in 65% of the data. Although APM patients return to function within weeks after surgery, prolonged quadriceps strength deficits may increase the risk of knee-joint degeneration. Furthermore, evidence of bilateral dysfunction after unilateral injury may suggest that neuromuscular deficits post-APM are greater than the interlimb differences found in this review. Further research should be conducted to determine the nature of strength deficits and the best methods for restoring strength after APM.
Differences in Static- and Dynamic-Balance Task Performance After 4 Weeks of Intrinsic-Foot-Muscle Training: The Short-Foot Exercise Versus the Towel-Curl Exercise
Authors: Lynn Scott K. , Padilla Ricardo A. , Tsang Kavin K.W. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Proper functioning of the intrinsic foot musculature (IFM) is essential in maintaining the integrity of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA). Improper functioning of the IFM leads to excessive pronation of the foot, which has been linked to various pathologies. Therefore, training the IFM to avoid excessive pronation may help prevent some of these pathologies; however, it is not clear how to train these muscles optimally.Objective:To investigate the effects of 2 different types of IFM training on the height of the MLA and static- and dynamic-balance task performance.Design:Randomized controlled trial, repeated-measures mixed-model design.Setting:University biomechanics laboratory for testing and a home-based training program.Participants:24 healthy, university-age volunteers (3 groups of 8) with no history of major lower limb pathology or balance impairment.Interventions:One experimental group performed 4 wk of the short-foot exercise (SFE) and the other performed 4 wk of the towel-curl exercise (TCE). Participants were asked to perform 100 repetitions of their exercise per day.Main Outcome Measures:Navicular height during weight bearing, the total range of movement of the center of pressure (COP) in the mediolateral (ML) direction for a static-balance test and a dynamic-balance test.Results:There were no differences in the navicular height or static-balance tests. For the dynamic-balance test, all groups decreased the ML COP movement on the dominant limb by a small amount (~5 mm); however, the SFE group was able to decrease COP movement much more than the TCE group in the nondominant limb.Conclusions:The SFE appeared to train the IFM more effectively than the TCE; however, there were differing results between the dominant and nondominant legs. These imbalances need to be taken into consideration by clinicians.
Scapular Kinematics and Subacromial-Impingement Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Timmons Mark K. , Thigpen Chuck A. , Seitz Amee L. , Karduna Andrew R. , Arnold Brent L. , Michener Lori A. 
Published: August 2016

Context:The literature does not present a consistent pattern of altered scapular kinematics in patients with shoulder-impingement syndrome (SIS).Objectives:To perform meta-analyses of published comparative studies to determine the consistent differences in scapular kinematics between subjects with SIS and controls. In addition, the purpose was to analyze factors of the data-collection methods to explain the inconsistencies in reported kinematics. The results of this study will help guide future research and enable our understanding of the relationship between scapular kinematics and SIS.Evidence Acquisition:A search identified 65 studies; 9 papers met inclusion criteria. Sample sizes, means, and SDs of 5 scapular-kinematic variables were extracted or obtained from each paper’s lead author. Standard difference in the mean between SIS and controls was calculated. Moderator variables were plane of arm elevation, level of arm elevation (ARM) and population (POP).Evidence Synthesis:Overall, the SIS group had less scapular upward rotation (UR) and external rotation (ER) and greater clavicular elevation (ELE) and retraction (RET) but no differences in scapular posterior tilt (PT). In the frontal plane, SIS subjects showed greater PT and ER, and in the scapular plane, less UR and ER and greater ELE and RET. There was also greater ELE and RET in the sagittal plane. There was less UR at the low ARM and greater ELE and RET at the high ARM with SIS. Athletes and overhead workers showed less UR, while athletes showed greater PT and workers showed less PT and ER. The general population with SIS had greater ELE and RET only.Conclusions:Subjects with SIS demonstrated altered scapular kinematics, and these differences are influenced by the plane, ARM, and POP. Athletes and overhead workers have a different pattern of scapular kinematics than the general population. The scapular plane is most likely to demonstrate altered kinematics. These factors should be considered when designing futures studies to assess the impact of altered kinematics in patients with SIS.
The Effectiveness of Prophylactic Ankle Braces in Reducing the Incidence of Acute Ankle Injuries in Adolescent Athletes: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Farwell Kelley E. , Powden Cameron J. , Powell Meaghan R. , McCarty Cailee W. , Hoch Matthew C. 
Published: August 2016

Clinical Scenario:Ankle injuries constitute a large number of injuries sustained by adolescent athletes participating in high school athletics. Prophylactic ankle bracing may be an effective and efficient method to reduce the incidence of ankle injuries in adolescent athletes in the secondary-school setting.Clinical Question:Do prophylactic ankle braces reduce the incidence of acute ankle injuries in adolescent athletes?Summary of Key Findings:Two of the three included studies reported that prophylactic ankle braces reduced the incidence of ankle injuries compared with no ankle bracing.Clinical Bottom Line:There is moderate evidence to support the use of prophylactic ankle braces in adolescent athletes, particularly those who participate in football and basketball, to reduce the incidence of acute ankle injuries.Strength of Recommendation:Grade B evidence exists that prophylactic ankle braces reduce the incidence of acute ankle injuries in adolescent athletes.
Assessment of Subacromial Space and Its Relationship With Scapular Upward Rotation in College Baseball Players
Authors: Thomas Stephen John , Swanik Charles Buz , Kaminski Thomas W. , Higginson Jill S. , Swanik Kathleen A. , Nazarian Levon N. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Subacromial impingement is a common injury in baseball players and has been linked to a reduction in the subacromial space. In addition, it has been suggested that decreases in scapular upward rotation will lead to decreases in the subacromial space and ultimately impingement syndrome.Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between acromiohumeral distance and scapular upward rotation in healthy college baseball players.Design:Posttest-only study design.Setting:Controlled laboratory setting.Participants:24 healthy college baseball players.Intervention:Participants were measured for all dependent variables at preseason.Main Outcome Measures:Acromiohumeral distance at rest and 90° of abduction was measured with a diagnostic ultrasound unit. Scapular upward rotation at rest and 90° of abduction was measured with a digital inclinometer.Results:Dominant-arm acromiohumeral distance at rest and 90° of abduction (P = .694, P = .840) was not significantly different than in the nondominant arm. In addition, there was not a significant correlation between acromiohumeral distance and scapular upward rotation at rest and 90° of abduction for either the dominant or the nondominant arm.Conclusions:These results indicate that the acromiohumeral distance is not adapting in the dominant arm in healthy throwing athletes. In addition, a relationship was not identified between acromiohumeral distance and scapular upward rotation, which was previously suggested. These results may suggest that changes that are typically seen in an injured population may be occurring due to the injury and are not preexisting. In addition, scapular upward rotation may not be the only contributing factor to acromiohumeral distance.
Predictors of Recovery Time
Authors: Quinn Ann M. , Fallon Barry J. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To explore predictors of recovery time.Design:Repeated measures on 4 occasions throughout recovery included injury appraisal, demographics, emotional responses, and psychological variables.Participants:Elite injured athletes (N = 136).Main Outcome Measure:Recovery time.Results:At all phases, being a team athlete was a significant predictor of faster recovery. At partial recovery (approximately one-third of the recovery time), significant predictors were active coping, confidence of reaching full recovery in the estimated time, not completing rehabilitation, and having less social support. By semirecovery (approximately two-thirds of the recovery time), vigor and using denial significantly predicted quicker recovery. At recovery, having previously suffered a serious nonsporting injury or illness, vigor, more confidence, and intensity of effort significantly predicted faster recovery.Conclusions:This study has expanded on and refined the work in this area and will help increase understanding of the role that psychological variables play in decreasing recovery time, which has important implications for those implementing rehabilitation programs.
Relationship between a Lumbopelvic Stabilization Strength Test and Pelvic Motion in Running
Authors: Bickham Dale , Young Warren , Blanch Peter 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To determine the relationship between lumbopelvic (LP) stabilization strength and pelvic motion during running.Design:Runners were assessed for pelvic motion and undertook an LP stabilization strength test.Participants:Sixteen elite male middle- and long-distance runners.interventions:Pelvis kinematics were assessed while subjects ran at 5 m/s on a treadmill.Main Outcome Measures:Angular pelvis displacement was divided into 3 axes of rotation: pelvic tilt, obliquity, and rotation. LP stabilization strength was the capacity to resist increasing static loads applied to each leg and maintain a neutral LP zone. Intercorrelations were calculated for all measures of pelvic motion and LP stabilization strength.Results:There were no significant relationships found among any of the variables (P > .05). However, the LP stabilization strength test possessed good interday reliability.Conclusions:The relationship between pelvic motion and muscle function should be studied under a variety of other conditions.
Readability of Waiver of Liability Forms Used in Collegiate Intramural and Recreational Sports Programs
Authors: White Benjamin J. , Cardinal Bradley J. 
Published: August 2016

Waiver of liability forms should be written at a reading level consistent with that of the intended audience. On average, students read three grade levels below the last grade they completed in school. Therefore, waivers should be written no higher then the ninth-grade level. The main goal of this study was to assess the reading level of intramural and recreational sport waiver of liability forms, compared to the ninth-grade level. Nine NIRSA member schools and nine non-NIRSA member schools were randomly selected from each of NIRSA's six regions. Readability was assessed using the Readability Calculation software (Micro Power & Light, Dallas, TX) for MacIntosh. A one-sample t-test was performed to compare the forms to the ninth-grade reading level. Forms were written significantly higher than the ninth-grade level (t[26]=14.53, p<.0001). An analysis of variance was performed to assess possible moderating variables. No significant differences were found. Font size was also measured, and forms were found to have been written at a significantly higher level then the recommended 12-point font (t[28]=-2.88, p<.01). This study brings into question the efficacy of waiver of liability forms used in many collegiate/university intramural and recreational sports programs.
A Novel Idea: Portrayals of Lesbians in Young Adult Sports Fiction
Authors: Kriegh LeeAnn , Kane Mary Jo 
Published: August 2016

Over the past two decades, sport media scholars have demonstrated that female athletes are portrayed in ways that trivialize and undermine their accomplishments as highly skilled competitors, thus denying them power. More recently, scholars in a related field of knowledge—homophobia in women’s athletics—have also addressed the various ways in which power is denied to sportswomen. Although scholars within both bodies of knowledge have investigated institutional structures, ideologies and practices by which men continue to monopolize sport, few studies have explicitly linked sport media scholarship to the literature on homophobia in women’s athlet. An additional limitation in both fields of knowledge is that analyses focused primarily on adult female athletes; examinations of adolescent females are virtually nonexistent. A final limitation is that the vast majority of studies have focused on print and broadcast journalism, thereby ignoring another influential medium, young adult sports fiction. Therefore, the purpose of our investigation was to extend the knowledge base in three ways: 1) to explicitly link two bodies of knowledge concerned with women’s athleticism--sport media and homophobia/heterosexism; 2) to focus on a population that has been sorely neglected; and 3) to investigate a rich new area of analysis-young adult literature-particularly as it relates to the presence, and characterization of, lesbians in sport.The sample consisted of novels meeting the following criteria: (a) published for a young adult audience, (b) featured a female athlete as protagonist, (c) had sport as a major characteristic of the story, and (d) and be published during or after 1970. Using a qualitative methodology, we examined themes and character portrayals related to the suppression and oppression of young sportswomen in general and lesbians in particular. More specifically, we were interested in whether manifestations of homophobia in women’s athletics (e.g., silence and denial) were present in the novels under consideration. Results indicated that a lesbian presence was subverted in numerous ways, ranging from explicit verbal attacks on female protagonists accused of being “freaks,” to more subtle, apologetic constructions in which female athletes were characterized as ultra-feminine. These findings suggest that the homophobic and heterosexist coverage given to sportswomen in print and broadcast journalism extends into young adult sports fiction.
Differences between Sport Active and Non-Sport Active Women
Authors: Wyznikiewicz-Nawracala Anita 
Published: August 2016

The reasons for reported low sport activity of Polish women usually have been explained by too many responsibilities at work outside the home and at home. Yet, with the introduction of aerobics into Poland women apparently have had to overcome these hindrances. Other factors are assumed to be decisive reasons for physically active women in their mature years rather than the reasons which, up to now, were accepted as facts.The purpose of this study was to identify the factors differentiating women who are active in sport and women who are not interested in sport but take care of their body spending holidays at spas.The investigation was based on an interview, including a questionnaire to evaluate opinions on health and feelings. The questionnaire consisted of the following areas: personal data, occupation, level of education, health problems and sport activities practiced in youth.There are many factors related to why women are physically active, but the main influence comes from how active they were in their younger years. The financial status and lack of time only make a difference with respect to what kind of sport is practiced; it does not affect whether or not a sport is practiced.
Mary Hemenway: A Woman Ahead of Her Time
Authors: Haslett Jacqueline G. 
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this paper is to give historical insight into the progressive thinking of nineteenth century American philanthropist, Mary Hemenway (1820-1894), and why she was interested and believed in physical education for females. Also interesting is how her integrated thinking is compatible with the thinking in present-day education reformThe presentation of the findings will include a brief background of Mrs. Hemenway’s family life, and a brief description of her philanthropic contributions and activities. These include: 1) public education in America, particularly female education, 2) physical education and home economics education, 3) Native-American research, and 4) other significant issues and philanthropic activities in American education. The major focus will be her contributions to physical education and her founding of the Boston Normal School of Gymnastics, and influences that persuaded her interests in these pursuits.The sources used include early normal school catalogues, minutes of meetings, course syllabi and lecture synopses, written papers, early and recent bulletins, personal correspondences, government reports, college documents, pamphlets, memorial pamphlet, one new and several old books, and old newspaper clippings and professional journals.
Population-Based Precision Cancer Screening: A Symposium on Evidence, Epidemiology, and Next Steps
Authors: Marcus Pamela M. , Pashayan Nora , Church Timothy R. , Doria-Rose V. Paul , Gould Michael K. , Hubbard Rebecca A. , Marrone Michael , Miglioretti Diana L. , Pharoah Paul D. , Pinsky Paul F. , Rendle Katherine A. , Robbins Hilary A. , Roberts Megan C. , Rolland Betsy , Schiffman Mark , Tiro Jasmin A. , Zauber Ann G. , Winn Deborah M. , Khoury Muin J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPrecision medicine, an emerging approach for disease treatment that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle, is under consideration for preventive interventions, including cancer screening. On September 29, 2015, the National Cancer Institute sponsored a symposium entitled “Precision Cancer Screening in the General Population: Evidence, Epidemiology, and Next Steps”. The goal was two-fold: to share current information on the evidence, practices, and challenges surrounding precision screening for breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers, and to allow for in-depth discussion among experts in relevant fields regarding how epidemiology and other population sciences can be used to generate evidence to inform precision screening strategies. Attendees concluded that the strength of evidence for efficacy and effectiveness of precision strategies varies by cancer site, that no one research strategy or methodology would be able or appropriate to address the many knowledge gaps in precision screening, and that issues surrounding implementation must be researched as well. Additional discussion needs to occur to identify the high priority research areas in precision cancer screening for pertinent organs and to gather the necessary evidence to determine whether further implementation of precision cancer screening strategies in the general population would be feasible and beneficial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(11); 1449–55. ©2016 AACR.
Genomic Profiling of Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Miyoshi Tomohiro , Umemura Shigeki , Matsumura Yuki , Mimaki Sachiyo , Tada Satoshi , Makinoshima Hideki , Ishii Genichiro , Udagawa Hibiki , Matsumoto Shingo , Yoh Kiyotaka , Niho Seiji , Ohmatsu Hironobu , Aokage Keiju , Hishida Tomoyuki , Yoshida Junji , Nagai Kanji , Goto Koichi , Tsuboi Masahiro , Tsuchihara Katsuya 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Although large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung shares many clinical characteristics with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), little is known about its molecular features. We analyzed lung LCNECs to identify biologically relevant genomic alterations.
Experimental Design: We performed targeted capture sequencing of all the coding exons of 244 cancer-related genes on 78 LCNEC samples [65 surgically resected cases, including 10 LCNECs combined with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) types analyzed separately, and biopsies of 13 advanced cases]. Frequencies of genetic alterations were compared with those of 141 SCLCs (50 surgically resected cases and biopsies of 91 advanced cases).
Results: We found a relatively high prevalence of inactivating mutations in TP53 (71%) and RB1 (26%), but the mutation frequency in RB1 was lower than that in SCLCs (40%, P = 0.039). In addition, genetic alterations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were detected in 12 (15%) of the tumors: PIK3CA 3%, PTEN 4%, AKT2 4%, RICTOR 5%, and mTOR 1%. Other activating alterations were detected in KRAS (6%), FGFR1 (5%), KIT (4%), ERBB2 (4%), HRAS (1%), and EGFR (1%). Five of 10 cases of LCNECs combined with NSCLCs harbored previously reported driver gene alterations, all of which were shared between the two components. The median concordance rate of candidate somatic mutations between the two components was 71% (range, 60%–100%).
Conclusions: LCNECs have a similar genomic profile to SCLC, including promising therapeutic targets, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and other gene alterations. Sequencing-based molecular profiling is warranted in LCNEC for targeted therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 757–65. ©2016 AACR.