bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Markups and product differentiation in the German brewing sector
Authors: Karagiannis Giannis , Kellermann Magnus , Pröll Simon , Salhofer Klaus 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we provide a method to separate the product differentiation markup from other sources of market power, i.e., collusive behavior or lack of market transparency, based on the estimation of a single reduced form equation. We apply this method to a sample of about 200 breweries in Germany, because beer is a differentiated product and at the same time the sector has repeatedly been suspected to show collusive behavior. Our empirical results show that a significant part of the estimated markup is due to product differentiation. This is especially true for beers produced in Bavaria. However, there are other important sources of imperfect competition. Markups are higher for large firms and increase over time. In addition, we observe increasing returns to scale and average costs above marginal costs. Hence, in the German brewing sector a high markup does not necessarily translate into a high profit margin. [EconLit citations: L13; L66].
An in situ Dynamic Continuum of Supramolecular Phosphoglycopeptides Enables Formation of 3D Cell Spheroids
Authors: Wang Huaimin , Shi Junfeng , Feng Zhaoqianqi , Zhou Rong , Wang Shiyu , Rodal Avital A. , Xu Bing 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHigher‐order assemblies of proteins, with a structural and dynamic continuum, is an important concept in biology, but these insights have yet to be applied in designing biomaterials. Dynamic assemblies of supramolecular phosphoglycopeptides (sPGPs) transform a 2D cell sheet into 3D cell spheroids. A ligand–receptor interaction between a glycopeptide and a phosphopeptide produces sPGPs that form nanoparticles, which transform into nanofibrils upon partial enzymatic dephosphorylation. The assemblies form dynamically and hierarchically in situ on the cell surface, and interact with the extracellular matrix molecules and effectively abolish contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL) of the cells. Integrating molecular recognition, catalysis, and assembly, these active assemblies act as a dynamic continuum to disrupt CIL, thus illustrating a new kind of biomaterial for regulating cell behavior.
Direct Dehydroxytrifluoromethoxylation of Alcohols
Authors: Jiang Xiaohuan , Deng Zhijie , Tang Pingping 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe first example of a direct dehydroxytrifluoromethoxylation of alcohols has been developed. This method generated an alkyl fluoroformate in situ from alcohols, followed by nucleophilic trifluoromethoxylation with trifluoromethyl arylsulfonate (TFMS) as the trifluoromethoxylation reagent. The reaction is operationally simple and scalable, and it proceeds under mild reaction conditions to provide access to a wide range of trifluoromethyl ethers from alcohols. In addition, this method is suitable for the late‐stage trifluoromethoxylation of complex small molecules.
Spata‐13,17‐dien‐Synthase – ein Enzym mit Sesqui‐, Di‐ und Sesterterpen‐Synthase‐Aktivität aus Streptomyces xinghaiensis
Authors: Rinkel Jan , Lauterbach Lukas , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEine Terpensynthase aus dem marinen Bakterium Streptomyces xinghaiensis wurde charakterisiert, einschließlich einer vollen Strukturaufklärung ihrer Produkte aus verschiedenen Substraten. Weiterhin wurden detaillierte Untersuchungen des Enzymmechanismus durch Isotopenmarkierungsexperimente, Variationen des Metallcofaktors und Mutageneseexperimente durchgeführt. Die Daten zeigten eine Abhängigkeit der Mn2+‐katalysierten Reaktion von der Gegenwart von Asp‐217, einem Rest, der in anderen bakteriellen Terpensynthasen von einem hochkonservierten Glu eingenommen wird.
Biocatalytic Oxidative Cascade for the Conversion of Fatty Acids into α‐Ketoacids via Internal H2O2 Recycling
Authors: Gandomkar Somayyeh , Dennig Alexander , Dordic Andela , Hammerer Lucas , Pickl Mathias , Haas Thomas , Hall Mélanie , Faber Kurt 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe functionalization of bio‐based chemicals is essential to allow valorization of natural carbon sources. An atom‐efficient biocatalytic oxidative cascade was developed for the conversion of saturated fatty acids to α‐ketoacids. Employment of P450 monooxygenase in the peroxygenase mode for regioselective α‐hydroxylation of fatty acids combined with enantioselective oxidation by α‐hydroxyacid oxidase(s) resulted in internal recycling of the oxidant H2O2, thus minimizing degradation of ketoacid product and maximizing biocatalyst lifetime. The O2‐dependent cascade relies on catalytic amounts of H2O2 and releases water as sole by‐product. Octanoic acid was converted under mild conditions in aqueous buffer to 2‐oxooctanoic acid in a simultaneous one‐pot two‐step cascade in up to >99 % conversion without accumulation of hydroxyacid intermediate. Scale‐up allowed isolation of final product in 91 % yield and the cascade was applied to fatty acids of various chain lengths (C6:0 to C10:0).
Spata‐13,17‐diene Synthase—An Enzyme with Sesqui‐, Di‐, and Sesterterpene Synthase Activity from Streptomyces xinghaiensis
Authors: Rinkel Jan , Lauterbach Lukas , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA terpene synthase from the marine bacterium Streptomyces xinghaiensis has been characterised, including a full structure elucidation of its products from various substrates and an in‐depth investigation of the enzyme mechanism by isotope labelling experiments, metal cofactor variations, and mutation experiments. The results revealed an interesting dependency of Mn2+ catalysis on the presence of Asp‐217, a residue that is occupied by a highly conserved Glu in most other bacterial terpene synthases.
Data processing chain for high spatial resolution magnetic survey: Application on the Neolithic site of le Pontet (Charente‐maritime, France)
Authors: Bruniaux Guillaume , Mathé Vivien , Lévêque François , Camus Adrien , Ard Vincent 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article focusses on an original magnetic survey protocol and its data processing chain. The use of a high sensitive magnetometer combined with a motorized total station permits production of a magnetic map with a high spatial resolution and a high precision of magnetic and positional measurements. The data processing enhances the final magnetic map by the removal and restoring the outlier values, measurement errors and magnetic disturbances. The magnetic survey was undertaken on the Neolithic site of Le Pontet at Saint‐Nazaire‐sur‐Charente (French Atlantic coast, between Bordeaux and La Rochelle). The site was chosen for geographical and archaeological characteristics such as its settlement period, the topography and the presence of different magnetic disturbances (proximity to roads and residential area). The data processing is mainly made on ungridded data and the gridding is the second to last step. The last step is to correct the relative height variation of the sensors between the prospecting lines (tracks) induced by the topography and operators. The use of a motorized total station allows accurate height determination of the sensors and an upward continuation is performed to correct the slight magnetic intensity variation induced by the relative height variation of the sensors. The results of the magnetic map bring out several causewayed enclosures, pits and postholes. This map will serve as a working basis for interdisciplinary studies and future archaeological studies of this site.
Simeprevir oxidative degradation product: Molecular modeling, in silico toxicity and resolution by synchronous spectrofluorimetry
Authors: Attia Khalid A. M. , El‐Abasawi Nasr M. , El‐Olemy Ahmed , Serag Ahmed 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this article, one of the potential degradation products of the novel antiviral drug simeprevir was isolated and characterized by means of infrared (IR) and mass spectrometry. Moreover, comparative molecular docking, ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion – toxicity) and insilico toxicity prediction studies were applied to evaluate the activity of simeprevir and its degradation product. Furthermore,a simple, accurate and selective second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of simeprevir in the presence of its oxidative degradation product.The synchronous fluorescence spectra of both compounds were measured in ethanol at pH 2.0 usingΔλ of 140 nm and the peak amplitude of the second derivative spectra were measured at 442 nm. The method was rectilinear over the concentration range of 0.2 to 2.0 μg/ml and validated according to the ICH (International Conference on Harmonization) guidelines. Moreover, the method was statistically compared to the reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) method and good results were obtained.
Comparison of themRNAexpression profile of B‐cell receptor components in normalCD5‐high B‐lymphocytes and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a key role of ZAP70
Authors: Gladkikh Aleena A. , Potashnikova Daria M. , Tatarskiy Victor , Yastrebova Margarita , Khamidullina Alvina , Barteneva Natasha , Vorobjev Ivan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe B‐cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway is of great importance for B‐cell survival and proliferation. The BCR expressed on malignant B‐CLL cells contributes to the disease pathogenesis, and its signaling pathway is currently the target of several therapeutic strategies. Although various BCR alterations have been described in B‐CLL at the protein level, the mRNA expression levels of tyrosine kinases in B‐CLL compared to that in normal CD5‐high and CD5‐low B‐lymphocytes remain unknown. In the current study, we measured the mRNA expression levels ofCD79A,CD79B,LYN,SYK,SHP1, andZAP70in purified populations of CD5‐high B‐CLL cells, CD5‐low B‐cells from the peripheral blood of healthy donors, and CD5‐high B‐cells from human tonsils. Here, we report a clear separation in the B‐CLL dataset between theZAP70‐high andZAP70‐low subgroups. Each subgroup has a unique expression profile of BCR signaling components that might reflect the functional status of the BCR signaling pathway. Moreover, theZAP70‐low subgroup does not resemble either CD5‐high B‐lymphocytes from the tonsils or CD5‐low lymphocytes from PBMC (P < 0.05). We also show thatZAP70is the only gene that is differentially expressed in CD5‐high and CD5‐low normal B‐lymphocytes, confirming the key role of Zap‐70 tyrosine kinase in BCR signaling alterations in B‐CLL.
Ring/Chain Morphology Control in Overall‐Neutral, Internally Ion‐Paired Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Manganaro Nadia , Pisagatti Ilenia , Notti Anna , Pappalardo Andrea , Patanè Salvatore , Micali Norberto , Villari Valentina , Parisi Melchiorre F. , Gattuso Giuseppe 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe self‐assembly of internally ion‐paired, neutral AA/BB‐type supramolecular polymers composed of complementary di‐ionizable homoditopic pairs of monomers is reported. Host‐to‐guest double‐proton transfer mediates the recognition between bis‐calix[5]arenedicarboxylic acids and α,ω‐diaminoalkanes to yield cyclic, doughnut‐shaped assemblies with morphologies (i.e., cyclic vs. linear) that can be controlled by means of external chemical stimuli. The behavior of these intriguing aggregates, both in solution and on surfaces, has been investigated by a combination of 1H and DOSY NMR spectroscopy, light‐scattering, and atomic force microscopy.
Synthesis and Characterisation of a Paramagnetic [2]Rotaxane Based on a Crown Ether‐Like Wheel Incorporating a Nitroxide Motif
Authors: Bleve Valentina , Franchi Paola , Konstanteli Evangelia , Gualandi Lorenzo , Goldup Stephen M. , Mezzina Elisabetta , Lucarini Marco 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of the new nitroxide crown ether 8 and its use as the wheel in a bistable [2]rotaxane, containing dialkylammonium and 4,4′‐bipyridinium recognition sites, is reported. The synthesis of 8 was achieved by the sequential addition of substituted phenyl groups to a nitrone derivatives leading to the preferential formation of the cis stereoisomer. Due to charge–dipole interactions between the nitroxide unit and the bipyridinium moiety, it was possible to probe the movement of the macrocycle between the two molecular stations of the [2]rotaxane after addition of a base by measuring the nitrogen hyperfine splitting in the corresponding EPR spectra. The equilibrium constant for the complexation of dibenzyl viologen by the macrocycle 8 was also determined by EPR titration.
Knowledge fusion based on the group argumentation theory in Web 2.0 environment
Authors: Chen Xuelong , Ding Feng , Wang Yali 
Published: November 2017

SummaryPeople can present their viewpoints on hot topics freely in the age of Web 2.0. But the different knowledge background and diverse perspectives of individuals lead to deficient description of things. Accordingly, how to integrate personal knowledge into collective knowledge in the environment of Web 2.0 and give a complete description of things is a burning question. Traditional knowledge fusion approaches cannot do well in structured representation of knowledge and quantitative calculation simultaneously and therefore cannot make knowledge fusion at an operational level. In this paper, we propose the knowledge element model to formalize the structured knowledge representation in Web 2.0 environment. On the basis of this, the cognition viewpoints of group members to something in Web 2.0 environment are abstracted into different knowledge element versions. Then, for the attributes on which members have divergences within all the knowledge element versions, the corresponding group argumentation tasks are designed. By utilizing the proposed consensus state model, whether or not the attributes belong to the knowledge element could be determined. And then, the attribute set of the knowledge element could be defined. Accordingly, knowledge fusion is achieved in the environment of Web 2.0. An experimental study demonstrates the viability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Thiazolidinedione therapy and breast cancer risk in diabetic women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Du Rui , Lin Lin , Cheng Di , Xu Yu , Xu Min , Chen Yuhong , Wang Weiqing , Bi Yufang , Li Donghui , Lu Jieli 
Published: November 2017

SummaryRising experimental evidence suggests that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) exert a protective effect on breast cancer. However, studies concerning this issue were inconsistent and limited. Hence, we performed a meta‐analysis with data from currently available studies to evaluate the effect of TZDs on breast cancer risk among diabetic women. We comprehensively searched for all pertinent studies addressing TZDs use and breast cancer risk published before January 1, 2016, in PubMed, Clinical Trials, and Cochrane Library. Data synthesis was performed in a random‐effects model using Stata version 12.0 (Stata Corp, College Station, Texas). Fourteen independent studies were eventually selected in this meta‐analysis, including 5 randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), 7 cohort studies, and 2 case‐control studies. No significant associations of TZD use and risk of breast cancer were observed in the RCTs (pooled risk ratio [RR]: 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.39‐1.53, I2 = 26%) or case‐control studies (pooled odds ratio, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.76‐1.28, I2 = 31%). A 19% reduction in breast cancer risk (pooled RR: 0.81, 95% CI, 0.66‐0.99, I2 = 72%) was found in the cohort studies. However, after removing the study with the smallest event number and the greatest effect size, the association became nonsignificant with greatly decreased heterogeneity (pooled RR: 0.94, 95% CI, 0.86‐1.03, I2 = 16%). This meta‐analysis did not find any significant association between TZDs use and risk of breast cancer among diabetic women.
Distribution and related factors of cardiometabolic disease stage based on body mass index level in Chinese adults—The National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Survey
Authors: Hou Xuhong , Chen Peizhu , Hu Gang , Chen Yue , Chen Siyu , Wu Jingzhu , Ma Xiaojing , Chen Lei , Yang Zhaojun , Yang Wenying , Jia Weiping ,   for the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study Group
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundIt is important to characterize distribution of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) based on different body mass index (BMI) levels in a population. This information remains scarce in China, so we investigated the proportions and related factors of cardiometabolic disease stages based on different BMI levels in Chinese adults.MethodsWe included 45 093 participants aged ≥20 years from the National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Survey. Cardiometabolic disease (central obesity, elevated triglycerides, elevated blood pressure, elevated plasma glucose, reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and cardiovascular disease) was classified as stage 0 (no CMD), stage 1 (mild‐to‐moderate CMD), or stage 2 (severe CMD). Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m2.ResultsThe standardized proportions of stage 0, stage 1, and stage 2 were 32.6%, 36.4%, and 30.9% in normal‐weight men, 29.9%, 42.5%, and 27.7% in normal‐weight women, 4.9%, 31.7%, and 63.4% in overweight/obese men, and 6.9%, 31.4%, and 61.7% in overweight/obese women, respectively. Multinomial regression showed that regardless of gender or region, the probability of severe cardiometabolic disease rapidly increased with increasing BMI. Severe cardiometabolic disease risk was positively associated with ageing, family history of diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease, but was inversely associated with higher levels of education and increased physical activity.ConclusionsOf Chinese men and women with normal weight, more than one third had mild‐to‐moderate cardiometabolic disease, and less than one third had severe cardiometabolic disease, while of these with overweight or obesity, nearly one third had mild‐to‐moderate cardiometabolic disease, and nearly two thirds had severe cardiometabolic disease.
Mind the gap! Integrating taxonomic approaches to assess ant diversity at the southern extreme of the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Hanisch Priscila Elena , Lavinia Pablo D. , Suarez Andrew V. , Lijtmaer Darío Alejandro , Leponce Maurice , Paris Carolina Ivon , Tubaro Pablo Luis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnderstanding patterns of species diversity relies on accurate taxonomy which can only be achieved by long‐term natural history research and the use of complementary information to establish species boundaries among cryptic taxa. We usedDNAbarcoding to characterize the ant diversity of Iguazú National Park (INP), a protected area of the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion, located at the southernmost extent of this forest. We assessed ant diversity using both cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences and traditional morphological approaches, and compared the results of these two methods. We successfully obtainedCOIsequences for 312 specimens belonging to 124 species, providing aDNAbarcode reference library for nearly 50% of the currently known ant fauna ofINP. Our results support a clear barcode gap for all but two species, with a mean intraspecific divergence of 0.72%, and an average congeneric distance of 17.25%. Congruently, the library assembled here was useful for the discrimination of the ants ofINPand allowed us to link unidentified males and queens to their worker castes. To detect overlooked diversity, we classified theDNAbarcodes into Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) using three different clustering algorithms, and compared their number and composition to that of reference species identified based on morphology. TheMOTUcount was always higher than that of reference species regardless of the method, suggesting that the diversity of ants atINPcould be between 6% and 10% higher than currently recognized. Lastly, our survey contributed with 78 new barcode clusters to the globalDNAbarcode reference library, and added 36 new records of ant species for theINP, being 23 of them new citations for Argentina.
An N^N Platinum(II) Bis(acetylide) Complex with Naphthalimide and Pyrene Ligands: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Application in Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion
Authors: Zhong Fangfang , Zhao Jianzhang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Jianzhang Zhao from Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China. The cover image shows a heteroleptic platinum(II) complex with naphthalimide and pyrene acetylide ligands.
Combination of HPLC with organic and inorganic mass spectrometry to study the metabolic response of the clam Scrobicularia plana to arsenic exposure
Authors: Rodríguez‐Moro Gema , García‐Barrera Tamara , Trombini Chiara , Blasco Julián , Gómez‐Ariza José Luis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractArsenic is a toxic element extensively studied in the marine environment due to differential toxicological effects of inorganic and organic species. In the present work, the bivalve Scrobicularia plana was exposed to AsV (10 and 100 μg/L) for 14 days to evaluate the metabolic perturbations caused by this element. Arsenic speciation and metabolomic analysis were performed in the digestive gland of the bivalve using two complementary analytical platforms based on inorganic and organic mass spectrometry. It has been observed the greater presence of the innocuous specie arsenobetaine produced in this organism as defense mechanism against arsenic toxicity, although significant concentrations of methylated and inorganic arsenic were also present, depending on the level of arsenic in aqueous media. Complementarily, a metabolomic study based on mass spectrometry and statistical discriminant analysis allows a good classification of samples associated to low and high As(V) exposure in relation to controls. About 15 metabolites suffer significant changes of expression by the presence of As(V): amino acids, nucleotides, energy‐related metabolites, free fatty acids, phospholipids and triacylglycerides, which can be related to membrane structural and functional damage. In addition, perturbation of the methylation cycle, associated with the increase of homocysteine and methionine was observed, which enhance the methylation of toxic inorganic arsenic to less toxic dimethylarsenic.
Graphene Oxide‐Supported β‐Tin Telluride Composite for Sodium‐ and Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Grishanov Dmitry A. , Mikhaylov Alexey A. , Medvedev Alexander G. , Gun Jenny , Prikhodchenko Petr V. , Xu Zhichuan J. , Nagasubramanian Arun , Srinivasan Madhavi , Lev Ovadia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHigh‐charge‐capacity sodium‐ and lithium‐ion battery anodes based on tin telluride are reported for the first time. Graphene oxide/cubic β‐SnTe electrodes exhibit exceptionally high reversible volumetric charge capacities above 3000 and 1300 mAh cm−3 at 100 mA g−1 charging rate for lithium and sodium ion batteries, respectively, and they show very good rate capabilities retaining 68 and 60 % of the respective capacities even at 2000 mA g−1 charging rate. The reversible charge capacity for lithiation is approximately equal to the theoretical value of the active material. The superior electrode performance is attributed to the high conductivity of tellurium, the mechanical buffering of volume changes by the large row‐V host elements, the elasticity of the reduced graphene oxide support, and the very low specific equivalent volumes involved in sodiation and lithiation of SnTe.