bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Processing of Chromatograms in a High-Throughput Environment
Authors: Lytle Fred E , Julian Randall K 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
A major challenge in high-throughput clinical and toxicology laboratories is the reliable processing of chromatographic data. In particular, the identification, location, and quantification of analyte peaks needs to be accomplished with minimal human supervision. Data processing should have a large degree of self-optimization to reduce or eliminate the need for manual adjustment of processing parameters. Ultimately, the algorithms should be able to provide a simple quality metric to the batch reviewer concerning confidence about analyte peak parameters.

CONTENT
In this review we cover the basic conceptual and mathematical underpinnings of peak detection necessary to understand published algorithms suitable for a high-throughput environment. We do not discuss every approach appearing in the literature. Instead, we focus on the most common approaches, with sufficient detail that the reader will be able to understand alternative methods better suited to their own laboratory environment. In particular it will emphasize robust algorithms that perform well in the presence of substantial noise and nonlinear baselines.

SUMMARY
The advent of fast computers with 64-bit architecture and powerful, free statistical software has made practical the use of advanced numeric methods. Proper choice of modern data processing methodology also facilitates development of algorithms that can provide users with sufficient information to support QC strategies including review by exception.
An Empirical Approach to Signature Peptide Choice for Selected Reaction Monitoring: Quantification of Uromodulin in Urine
Authors: Fu Qin , Grote Eric , Zhu Jie , Jelinek Christine , Köttgen Anna , Coresh Josef , Van Eyk Jennifer E 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Many avenues have been proposed for a seamless transition between biomarker discovery data and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assays for biomarker validation. Unfortunately, studies with the abundant urinary protein uromodulin have shown that these methods do not converge on a consistent set of surrogate peptides for targeted mass spectrometry. As an alternative, we present an empirical peptide selection work flow for robust protein quantification.

METHODS
We compared the relative SRM signal intensity of 12 uromodulin-derived peptides between tryptic digests of 9 urine samples. Pairwise CVs between the 12 peptides were 0.19–0.99. We used a correlation matrix to identify peptides that reproducibly tracked the amount of uromodulin protein and selected 4 peptides with robust and highly correlated SRM signals. Absolute quantification was performed with stable isotope–labeled versions of these peptides as internal standards and a standard curve prepared from a tryptic digest of purified uromodulin.

RESULTS
Absolute quantification of uromodulin in 40 clinical urine samples yielded interpeptide correlations of ≥0.984 and correlations of ≥0.912 with ELISA data. The SRM assays were linear over &gt;3 orders of magnitude and had typical interdigest CVs of &lt;10%, interinjection CVs of &lt;7%, and intertransition CVs of &lt;7%.

CONCLUSIONS
Comparing the apparent abundance of a plurality of peptides derived from the same target protein makes it possible to select signature peptides that are unaffected by the unpredictable confounding factors inevitably present in biological samples.
Effect of multi-tree handling and tree-size on harvester performance in small-diameter hardwood thinnings
Authors: Erber Gernot , Holzleitner Franz , Kastner Maximilian , Stampfer Karl 
Published: November 2015

Early thinnings are laborious and costly. Thus forest companies are searching for cost and time efficient ways to carry out this task. The studyâs purpose was to determine the productivity of the EF28 accumulating energy wood harvesting head in harvesting small-diameter hornbeam ( L.) undergrowth trees and evaluate the effect of its multi-tree handling (MTH) capacity on time consumption. The harvester was a wheeled, three-axle Komatsu 911. A time study of 7.1Â hours on 19Â plots, with a total area of 0.76 ha was conducted. On average, the harvested tree volume was 8Â dmÂ³ and the stand density was 2666 trees/ha. The productivity was modelled with MTH conduction, mean diameter at breast height and the number of trees handled per cycle as independent variables. On average, MTH took 27% longer per cycle, increased extracted volume per cycle by 33% and consequently increased productivity with 5.0%. In 71.9% of the cycles more than one tree was handled and if so, dimensions were smaller than in single-tree handling (5.8Â cm vs. 12.0Â cm). Maximum felling diameter of 23Â cm was about 15% smaller than in softwood (according to the manufacturerâs specifications) and the driver didnât exploit the EF28âs theoretical potential in terms of trees handled per cycle. It can be concluded that the head could significantly improve productivity in small-diameter wood procurement.Carpinus betulus
Automationssysteme in kybernetischer Sicht
Authors: Ehling H.-J. 
Published: November 2015

Die Verwendung von Rechenanlagen zur industriellen Automatisierung läßt einen gewissen Mangel an einer für Ingenieure verwendbaren, dem Rechnereinsatz dienlichen Theorie erkennen. Die Technik der Software-Erstellung für industrielle Anlagen ist infolgedessen nicht ¡ehrbar, und die Weiterentwicklung der Methoden stagniert. Die Folge sind hohe Projektkosten und ein sehr spürbarer Mangel an geeigneten Ingenieuren.
Diese Lücke könnte durch eine Disziplin „Technische Kybernetik“ ausgefüllt werden, die man sich benachbart zur Informatik und mit engen Beziehungen zu einer abstrakten Systemtheorie und zur Regelungstechnik vorzustellen hätte. Theoretische Grundlage dieser Disziplin wäre die Mengentheorie; entscheidend ist jedoch deren Ausgestaltung im Hinblick auf die in der technischen Praxis zu lösenden Automations- und Datenverarbeitungsaufgaben.
Steuerung linearer und nichtlinearer Übertragungssysteme mit Entfaltungsalgorithmen, Teil 1
Authors: Reiner A. 
Published: November 2015

Der Aufsatz befaßt sich mit dem Entwurf von Steueralgorithmen, die zum Programmieren eines Prozeßrechners geeignet sind, mit dem die Ausgangsgröße linearer oder nichtlinearer zeitinvarianter Übertragungssysteme gesteuert werden soll. Es handelt sich um Einschrittalgorithmen, die bei der praktischen Anwendung nur wenig Rechenzeit und Speicherplatz beanspruchen.
Die Einstellung der Algorithmen wird diskutiert; sie ist in den meisten Fällen einfach durchzuführen, so daß die Entwurfsarbeit, insbesondere bei linearen Strecken, gering ist.
Identifikation dynamischer Prozesse mittels Korrelation und Parameterschätzung
Authors: Isermann R. , Baur U. , Kurz H. 
Published: November 2015

Es wird ein Identifikationsoerfahren beschrieben, das zuerst ein nichtparametrisches Modell (Kreuzkorrelationsfunktion, Gewichtsfunktion) ermittelt und dann die Parameter eines parametrischen Modells (Differenzengleichung) schätzt. An diese zweistufige Identifikation schließt sich ein Verfahren zur Schätzung der Totzeit und der Modellordnung an. Das vorgeschlagene Verfahren, das off-line und on-line eingesetzt werden kann, wurde mit den bekanntesten Parameterschätzverfahren verglichen. Es zeichnet sich durch kurze Rechenzeit,
kleinen Speicherplatzbedarf,\ gute Genauigkeit und zuverlässige Konvergenz aus. In der rekursiven (on-line)-Version müssen keine Anfangswerte gewählt werden. Das Verfahren ist besonders für den Einsatz von Prozeßrechnern zur Prozeßidentifikation geeignet.
Could Improving Choice and Competition in Medicare Advantage be the Future of Medicare?
Authors: Rivlin Alice M. , Daniel Willem 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
About 30 percent of Medicare beneficiaries enroll in private Medicare Advantage (MA) plans but do so at a relatively high-cost. This paper explores the advantages and challenges of introducing competitive bidding among MA plans (Plan One) or among MA plans and Fee-for-Service (Plan Two or Premium Support). We conclude that competitive bidding could reduce the cost of Medicare, especially in densely populated urban areas. However, there would be serious challenges in rural areas and risk adjustment methodology would have to be substantially improved. In Plan Two, sicker beneficiaries might move to Fee-for-Service and beneficiaries might have to pay more to stay with a preferred provider or broader network. If these problems are addressed, we believe that premium support can be a meaningful improvement to the MA program.
A Low Phase Noise Fully Monolithic 6 GHz Differential Coupled NMOS LC-VCO
Authors: Moalla Dorra Mellouli , Cordeau David , Mnif Hassene , Paillot Jean-Marie , Loulou Mourad 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA fully monolithic 6 GHz low-phase noise Voltage-Controlled-Oscillator (VCO) is presented in this paper. It consists in two LC-NMOS differential VCOs coupled through a resistive network and is implemented on a 0.25 µm BiCMOS SiGe process. This proposed integrated VCO can be used also for phased-array applications to steer the beam over the entire spatial range. In this case, the radiation pattern of the phased antenna array is steered in a particular direction by establishing a constant phase progression in the oscillator chain which can be obtained by detuning the free-running frequencies of the two oscillators in the array. At 2.5 V power supply voltage and a power dissipation of 62.5 mW, the coupled VCO array features a measured worst case phase noise of
Marketing Placebo Effects – From Behavioral Effects to Behavior Change?
Authors: Enax Laura , Weber Bernd 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Food decisions occur very frequently and are influenced by a variety of individual as well as contextual factors. Physical product attributes, including for example, caloric density, water content and sweetness are important drivers of food choice and preferences. However, food products are usually not evaluated solely based on their nutritional content. In addition, most products are packaged and carry abstract attributes, such as quality claims, and brand names. Critically, these product attributes, not products attributes also influence food consumption, reported consumption enjoyment, and product demand. A variety of these marketing actions were shown to alter consumption experiences of otherwise identical products, inducing a so-called marketing placebo effect (MPE). Here, we review studies providing insights into the various behavioral and neural processes underlying the response to these contextual marketing cues. An extensive amount of studies has shown impressive, sometimes peculiar and also disquieting effects of branding, logos, labels and prices on behavioral measures. We will illustrate the plethora of affected behaviors, ranging from increased taste pleasantness ratings for higher-priced wines to enhanced cognitive performance after drinking a higher-priced energy drink, compared to the identical lower-priced counterparts. Credence attributes, such as organic or social sustainability labels, have been gaining relevance in many industrialized countries, and influence product demand and consumption experience. We will therefore introduce studies that systematically investigated the effects of credence claims, elucidate possible mechanisms, and emphasize the negative consequences when misusing such claims. As children are an important and vulnerable target group for marketing actions, we will also specifically present studies conducted in children. These studies highlight the influence of marketing actions on children’s taste perception, product demand, and effort to obtain a certain product. We will shortly introduce the neurobiology of food choices, and present suggested processes underlying MPEs. Converging evidence confirms that MPEs are not a mere result of demand effects, but that they influence the neural responses to products down to a primary somatosensory level. We will show that marketing claims are very effective in influencing expectations and subsequent consumption experience. Therefore, we suggest that public policy interventions may build upon MPE research, and we will provide evidence for this supposition. Throughout this review, we present insights from a variety of different disciplines, including marketing, psychology, neuroscience and nutrition science. Albeit far from exhaustive, this non-systematic review aims at providing a joint perspective from various fields, highlighting that future research endeavor is certainly auspicious.
Modeling Eye Movements and Response Times in Consumer Choice
Authors: Krajbich Ian , Smith Stephanie M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Peoples’ choices are not instantaneous, nor are they perfectly self consistent. While these two facts may at first seem unrelated, they are in fact inextricably linked. Decision scientists are accustomed to using logit and probit models to account for “noise” in their choice data. But what is the driving force behind these behavioral inconsistencies? Random utility theory (RUT) provides little guidance in this respect. While providing a mathematical basis for dealing with stochastic choice, RUT is agnostic about whether the noise is due to unobserved characteristics of the decision maker and/or the choice environment, or due to actual “mistakes.” The distinction is important because the former implies that from the point of view of the decision maker, her choices are perfectly consistent, while the latter implies that the decision maker herself may be surprised by her set of choices. Here we argue that non-choice (“process”) data strongly favors the latter explanation. Rather than thinking of choice as an instantaneous realization of stored preferences, we instead conceptualize choice as a dynamical process of information accumulation and comparison. Adapting “sequential sampling models” from cognitive psychology to economic choice, we illustrate the surprisingly complex relationship between choice and response-time data. Finally, we review recent data demonstrating how other process measures such as eye-tracking and neural recordings can be incorporated into this modeling approach, yielding further insights into the choice process.
Are Consumers as Constrained as Hens are Confined? Brain Activations and Behavioral Choices after Informational Influence
Authors: Francisco Alex J. , Bruce Amanda S. , Crespi John M. , Lusk Jayson L. , McFadden Brandon , Bruce Jared M. , Aupperle Robin L. , Lim Seung-Lark 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In 2008, California passed Proposition 2, specifying confinement space for certain farm animals. Proposition 2 went into full effect January 2015 and has significant implications for egg production in California and possibly even interstate commerce. We examined the influence of promotional videos aired during the campaign on consumers’ willingness-to-pay for eggs produced in a more open production system (i.e., cage-free, free range) and corresponding neurofunctional activations during decisions. Forty-six participants (24 females), aged 18–55 years (M=29.65), were enrolled and performed a food decision-making task during fMRI scanning. In each decision, two options of identical one dozen cartons of eggs were presented simultaneously. Below each option were two attributes, describing price and production method. Cage free and free-range eggs were more expensive, at varying degrees. Participants were randomized to one of three 30-second video groups: pro-Proposition 2, anti-Proposition 2, and a Neutral flowing stream. Based on a whole brain analysis, participants in the pro-Proposition 2 video group (N=16) demonstrated significantly greater activations post-video compared to pre-video in left insular cortex and right occipital cortex. This change in insula activity may be indicative of increased social risk involved with the purchase of closed production method eggs, driving participants to increase their percentage of decisions to purchase the higher priced, open-method eggs. It is possible that the insula activation indicates that consumers are constrained to choosing the eggs produced under open-cage production methods, after viewing advertisements advocating for Proposition 2.
The effects of wettability, shear strength, and Weibull characteristics of fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites
Authors: Akindoyo John O. , Hossen Beg Mohammad Dalour , Ghazali Suriati , Islam Muhammad Remanul 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The wettability, interfacial shear strength (IFSS), and Weibull characteristics of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers were studied to evaluate the mechanical properties of EFB- and poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based composites. The fiber surface was modified through ultrasound and poly(dimethyl siloxane) treatment. The effects of treatment on the morphology, wettability, and structure of fibers were examined by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, respectively. In addition, the Weibull characteristic was used to find the variability in strength of the fibers with respect to surface treatment. Furthermore, the IFSS of EFB fiber-PLA sandwich was investigated through single-fiber pull-out test, using a less strenuous technique. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus) of the composites were determined through mechanical testing. A comparison was drawn among the properties of PLA, raw EFB fiber-based composites, and treated EFB fiber-based composites. Additionally, the inter- and intra-relationship of fiber treatment, wettability, and IFSS with the mechanical properties of the PLA/EFB composites were also accounted.
Single-crystal neutron diffraction on γ-LiAlO2: structure determination and estimation of lithium diffusion pathway
Authors: Wiedemann Dennis , Indris Sylvio , Meven Martin , Pedersen Björn , Boysen Hans , Uecker Reinhard , Heitjans Paul , Lerch Martin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
γ-Lithium aluminum oxide is a paradigmatic example of an ultraslow lithium ion conductor. This characteristic plays a crucial role in its proposed and actual applications. Herein, we report on the outcome of single-crystal neutron diffraction studies at ambient and high temperature. Careful evaluation confirms the commonly assumed room-temperature structure as derived by powder neutron diffraction in 1965. At 1043 K, a split of the lithium position hints at the onset of intrinsic diffusion. Analysis of the negative scattering-length density using the maximum-entropy method (MEM) indicates a preference for a strongly curved diffusion pathway traversing octahedral voids between adjacent lithium sites. These results help to understand ultraslow lithium diffusion in well-ordered ionic solids on the microscopic scale and, ultimately, to establish structure–property relationships.
Estandarización de un protocolo para Northern blot no radioactivo usado en la detección de pequeños RNA en células Vero
Authors: Campillo Pedroza Natalia , Franco Salazar Juan Pablo , Gallego Gómez Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2015

<p><strong>Título en ingles:</strong> <strong>Standardization of<em> Northern blot </em>non-radioactive protocol used in the detection of small RNAs in Vero line cells</strong></p><p>El interés en la detección, identificación, y caracterización funcional de los pequeños RNAs no codificantes (sRNAs), ha generado la necesidad de optimizar las metodologías comúnmente usadas en su detección, la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa cuantitativa (RT-qPCR) y <em>Northern blot</em>, con el fin de que sean más sensibles y específicas. A pesar de la baja sensibilidad del <em>Northern blot</em>, esta metodología continúa siendo de uso común en la detección de sRNAs porque permite detectar el RNA pequeño así como a sus precursores, razón por la cual se usa como una metodología complementaria en este tipo de investigaciones. En este trabajo se describe la implementación de un nuevo protocolo para <em>Northern blot</em> no radioactivo, con modificaciones dirigidas a mejorar su sensibilidad y especificidad. El diseños de la sonda con la tecnología LNA, el marcaje de esta con Digoxigenina y por último la fijación del RNA a la membrana mediante 1-Ethyl-3-(-3-dimethylaminopropyl) carboniimide (EDC) y finalmente se discuten los fundamentos teóricos de estos cambios.</p>
Duhem como precursor de Popper, Kuhn e Lakatos sobre a metodologia da escolha racional de teorias: da dualidade à trialidade metodológica
Authors: Chiappin J. R. N. , Leister Carolina 
Published: November 2015

A tese é de que a concepção de Duhem da ciência antecipa, entre outros elementos, o modelo de escolha de teorias científicas associado com as concepções de Popper, Lakatos e Kuhn. No contexto do seu debate com Poincaré, Duhem propõe um modelo metodológico de escolha racional de teorias formado, também, de componentes extralógicos. O modelo substitui a metodologia bipartida, teoria e natureza, por uma tripartida, confrontação entre duas teorias e natureza. Tal metodologia verifica-se adequada para descrever o processo de escolha de teoria formado das etapas da refutação e rejeição. Ambas as propostas revelam seu enfoque histórico-crítico cuja tese é a interdependência entre história e teoria da ciência. A interdependência configura-se num laboratório para a elaboração, a avaliação e teste das propostas metafísicas e metodológicas para a construção de uma teoria da ciência.
Fundamentos neurobiológicos da consciência e a teoria do campo unificado: uma análise filosófica
Authors: Lyra Carlos Eduardo de Sousa , Mograbi Gabriel José Corrêa , El-Hani Charbel N. 
Published: November 2015

No presente artigo, analisamos as abordagens de António Damásio e Gerald Edelman sobre a consciência e fazemos um paralelo com as teses apresentadas pelo filósofo John Searle. Recorremos também às críticas dos filósofos Bennett e Hacker como pedras de toque da viabilidade de algumas teses. Desse modo, apresentamos uma revisão sistemática da obra de Damásio, Edelman e Searle, a fim de promover um diálogo produtivo entre as ideias defendidas por estes autores, os quais, segundo nossa interpretação, assumem uma teoria do campo unificado da consciência.
Vida
Authors: Canguilhem Georges , Jaquet Tradutora: Gabriela M. 
Published: November 2015

Em 1973, Georges Canguilhem publica, na Encyclopédie Universalis, um extenso verbete histórico do conceito “Vida” na biologia e nas ciências da vida. A seguinte tradução do verbete é baseada na segunda edição, reimpressão publicada em 1989, nas páginas 546-553.
Giro decolonial y otros demonios
Authors: Rosas Flórez Patricio Iván 
Published: November 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Girar como una postura política de conocimiento sobre la realidad histórica y política de los pueblos de Latinoamérica. Una lectura de esas estructuras dominantes guiadas por unas posturas neoliberales de poder manifiestas a través de Organismos Internacionales, entidades financieras y gobiernos corruptos durante los últimos cincuenta años. </span></p><p><span>El giro decolonial, revisión de sus manifiestos conceptuales, una lectura cuyo propósito busca re-posicionar los espacios del discurso popular. El giro pone en duda la actual lógica de ciertos sistemas de poder y trata de ofrecer elementos conceptuales los cuales enriquezcan e inviten a girar con el re-conocimiento de la historia y de cómo re-pensar la sociedad, y fortalecer posturas ideológicas que luchen contra el equívoco del poder, generando sociedades reprimidas. </span></p><p><span>Un recorrido de resistencia con una postura que define “girar-de-colonial-mente” como respuesta a no más imposiciones y sí a recursos de equidad. </span></p></div></div></div>