bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halon-1301 – further evidence of its performance as an age tracer in New Zealand groundwater
Authors: Beyer Monique , Morgenstern Uwe , van der Raaij Rob , Martindale Heather 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We recently discovered a new groundwater age tracer, Halon-1301, which can be used to date groundwater recharged after the 1970s. In a previous study, we showed that Halon-1301 reliably inferred groundwater age at the majority of groundwater sites studied. At those sites, ages inferred from Halon-1301 agreed with those inferred from SF6 and tritium, two reliable widely applied groundwater age tracers. A few samples, however, showed reduced concentrations of Halon-1301, preventing meaningful age interpretation from its concentration. These reduced concentrations were likely a result of degradation or retardation of Halon-1301 in the aquifer. However, we could not provide full evidence for this due to the limited number of groundwater samples analysed (18 in total). In this study, we assess the potential of Halon-1301 as a groundwater age tracer for a larger dataset of groundwater samples under specific groundwater conditions, including highly anoxic young groundwater which can significantly degrade Halon-1301, to gain more information on the magnitude of occurrence and the causes of reduced Halon-1301 concentrations. In this study, we analysed 302 groundwater samples for Halon-1301, SF6, tritium and the CFCs CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113. Comparison of age information inferred from the concentrations of these tracers allows assessment of the performance of Halon-1301 compared to other well established and widely used age tracers. The samples are taken from different groundwater environments in New Zealand and include anoxic and oxic waters with mean residence times ranging from < 2 years to over 150 years (tritium-free). The majority of assessed samples have reduced or elevated concentrations of CFCs, which makes it impossible to infer a reliable age using the CFCs for these samples. Halon-1301, however, reliably infers ages for CFC-contaminated waters. Three other groundwater samples were found to have elevated SF6 concentrations (contaminated). Again, at these SF6-contaminated sites, ages inferred from Halon-1301 agree with ages inferred from tritium. A few samples (14 sites) exhibit reduced concentrations of Halon-1301, which result in elevated inferred Halon-1301 ages in comparison to those inferred from SF6, tritium and/or CFC-113. Assessment of the groundwater environment at these sites gives further insight into the potential causes of Halon-1301 reduction in groundwater. Overall, Halon-1301 gives age information that matches ages inferred from SF6 and/or tritium for the majority (97 %) of the assessed groundwater sites. These findings suggest that Halon-1301 is a reasonably reliable groundwater age tracer, and is in particular significantly more reliable than the CFCs, which may have contamination and degradation problems. Halon-1301 thus has potential to become a useful groundwater age tracer where SF6 and the CFCs are compromised, and where additional independent tracers are needed to constrain complex mixing models.
Hallux Rigidus Grade Does Not Correlate With Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Score
Authors: Nixon Devon C. , Lorbeer Karly F. , McCormick Jeremy J. , Klein Sandra E. , Johnson Jeffrey E. 
Published: August 2017

Introduction:
Classification systems for hallux rigidus imply that, as radiographic changes progress, symptoms will concurrently increase in severity. However, symptom intensity and radiographic severity can be discordant for many patients. We studied the correlation between hallux rigidus grades and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) scores to better understand this relationship.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed weight-bearing radiographs of the foot and FAAM Activities of Daily Living (ADL) questionnaires for 84 patients with hallux rigidus. The Spearman rank coefficient was used to correlate clinical-radiographic hallux rigidus grade with FAAM ADL scores.

Results:
In 84 patients, the clinical-radiographic grade for hallux rigidus showed no relationship with FAAM ADL score (r = −0.10; P = 0.36) but did show moderate correlation with patient age (r = 0.63; P < 0.001).

Discussion: Advancing radiographic changes in hallux rigidus did not correspond with patient symptoms as measured via FAAM ADL scores.

Conclusion:
The reliability and validity of current grading criteria for hallux rigidus may require further exploration.

Level of Evidence:
Level III
Ambtshalve toetsing aan Unierecht ten gunste van belangenorganisaties?
Authors: Vermeulen F.E. , Schasfoort T.L. 
Published: August 2017

Ambtshalve toetsing aan Unierecht ten gunste van belangenorganisaties?
Het leerstuk van ambtshalve toetsing in consumentenzaken heeft zich ontwikkeld tot een gewichtige factor, waarbij een aantal nationale begrenzingen van het processueel debat in eerste aanleg en appel is losgelaten. Ambtshalve toetsing is gestoeld op de veronderstelling dat de consument zich tegenover zijn professionele wederpartij in een zwakke onderhandelingspositie bevindt en over minder informatie beschikt. Dit artikel gaat in op de vraag of er voldoende rechtvaardiging bestaat voor ambtshalve toetsing als de processuele belangen van een consument worden behartigd door een belangenorganisatie.
Herstel van verzuim en strijd tegen tegenstrijdige beslissingen. Over de oproeping van derden ex artikel 118 Rv
Authors: Möhlmann J.A. 
Published: August 2017

Herstel van verzuim en strijd tegen tegenstrijdige beslissingen. Over de oproeping van derden ex artikel 118 Rv
Artikel 118 Rv bevat processuele voorschriften voor de oproeping van derden in het geding. Een geldig opgeroepen derde is gebonden aan de tussen eiser en gedaagde te wijzen uitspraak. Over de mogelijkheden om dit artikel toe te passen bestaat veel onduidelijkheid. In de eerste plaats oordeelt de Hoge Raad met enige regelmaat, maar vaak zonder (duidelijke) motivering, dat de eiser in de gelegenheid moet worden gesteld een ten onrechte niet opgeroepen partij via artikel 118 Rv alsnog in het geding te betrekken. In de tweede plaats oordelen rechtbanken de afgelopen jaren tegenstrijdig over de vraag of artikel 118 Rv wel of niet mag worden toegepast om derden, op verzoek van de gedaagde, op te roepen met het doel een risico op tegenstrijdige beslissingen te voorkomen. Een nadere analyse van de wetsgeschiedenis en jurisprudentie van de Hoge Raad biedt duidelijkheid.
Comparison of chemical compounds associated with sclerites from healthy and diseased sea fan corals (Gorgonia ventalina)
Authors: Toledo-Hernández Carlos , Ruiz-Diaz Claudia P. , Díaz-Vázquez Liz M. , Santiago-Cárdenas Vanessa , Rosario-Berrios Derick N. , García-Almedina Derek M. , Roberson Loretta M. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe roles of gorgonian sclerites as structural components and predator deterrents have been widely studied. Yet their role as barriers against microbes has only recently been investigated, and even less is known about the diversity and roles of the chemical compounds associated with sclerites.MethodsHere, we examine the semi-volatile organic compound fraction (SVOCs) associated with sclerites from healthy and diseasedGorgonia ventalinasea fan corals to understand their possible role as a stress response or in defense of infection. We also measured the oxidative potential of compounds from diseased and healthyG. ventalinacolonies.ResultsThe results showed that sclerites harbor a great diversity of SVOCs. Overall, 70 compounds were identified, the majority of which are novel with unknown biological roles. The majority of SVOCs identified exhibit multiple immune-related roles including antimicrobial and radical scavenging functions. The free radical activity assays further confirmed the anti-oxidative potential of some these compounds. The anti-oxidative activity was, nonetheless, similar across sclerites regardless of the health condition of the colony, although sclerites from diseased sea fans display slightly higher anti-oxidative activity than the healthy ones.DiscussionSclerites harbor great SVOCs diversity, the majority of which are novel to sea fans or any other corals. Yet the scientific literature consulted showed that the roles of compounds found in sclerites vary from antioxidant to antimicrobial compounds. However, this study fell short in determine the origin of the SVOCs identified, undermining our capacity to determine the biological roles of the SVOCs on sclerites and sea fans.
Highly temporally resolved response to seasonal surface melt of the Zachariae and 79N outlet glaciers in northeast Greenland
Authors: Rathmann N. M. , Hvidberg C. S. , Solgaard A. M. , Grinsted A. , Gudmundsson G. H. , Langen P. L. , Nielsen K. P. , Kusk A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe seasonal response to surface melting of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream outlets, Zachariae and 79N, is investigated using new highly temporally resolved surface velocity maps for 2016 combined with numerical modeling. The seasonal speedup at 79N of 0.15 km/yr is suggested to be driven by a decrease in effective basal pressure induced by surface melting, whereas for Zachariae its 0.11 km/yr seasonal speedup correlates equally well with the breakup of its large ice mélange. We investigate the influence 76 km long floating tongue at 79N, finding it provides little resistance and that most of it could be lost without impacting the dynamics of the area. Furthermore, we show that reducing the slipperiness along the tongue‐wall interfaces produces a velocity change spatially inconsistent with the observed seasonal speedup. Finally, we find that subglacial sticky spots such as bedrock bumps play a negligible role in the large‐scale response to a seasonally enhanced basal slipperiness of the region.
The pelagic ecosystem in the Northern California Current off Oregon during the 2014–2016 warm anomalies within the context of the past 20 years
Authors: Peterson William T. , Fisher Jennifer L. , Strub P. Ted , Du Xiuning , Risien Craig , Peterson Jay , Shaw C. Tracy 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA warm anomaly in the upper ocean, colloquially named “the Blob,” appeared in the Gulf of Alaska during the calm winter of 2013–2014, spread across the northern North Pacific (NP) Ocean, and shifted eastward and onto the Oregon shelf. At least 14 species of copepods occurred which had never been observed in shelf/slope waters off Oregon, some of which are known to have NP Gyre affinities, indicating that the source waters of the coastal “Blob” were likely of both offshore (from the west) and subtropical/tropical origin. The anomalously warm conditions were reduced during strong upwelling in spring 2015 but returned when upwelling weakened in July 2015 and transitioned to downwelling in fall 2015. The extended period of warm conditions resulted in prolonged effects on the ecosystem off central Oregon, lasting at least through 2016. Impacts to the lower trophic levels were unprecedented and include a novel plankton community composition resulting from increased copepod, diatom, and dinoflagellate species richness and increased abundance of dinoflagellates. Additionally, the multiyear warm anomalies were associated with reduced biomass of copepods and euphausiids, high abundance of larvaceans and doliolids (indictors of oligotrophic ocean conditions), and a toxic diatom bloom (Pseudo‐nitzschia) throughout the California Current in 2015, thereby changing the composition of the food web that is relied upon by many commercially and ecologically important species.
Phytoplankton light absorption and the package effect in relation to photosynthetic and photoprotective pigments in the northern tip of Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Ferreira Amabile , Ciotti Áurea M. , Mendes Carlos Rafael B. , Uitz Julia , Bricaud Annick 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the variability in the spectral absorption of phytoplankton in Antarctic waters. A large in situ data set comprising phytoplankton pigments and hyperspectral absorption was measured in the northern tip of Antarctic Peninsula during 2013 and 2014 summers at several depths. A proxy of package effect was estimated from the phytoplankton absorption spectra, independently of chlorophyll a. Variations in the concentration of photosynthetic and photoprotective pigments were discernible by changes in this metric but not in the chlorophyll a specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton. The fucoxanthin to chlorophyll a ratio correlated positively to package effect due to an increase in cell size of phytoplankton (diatoms) and increasing fucoxanthin content per cell to maximize light harvesting in depth. The package effect was found to covary inversely with photoprotective pigments relative to chlorophyll a, partially due to their contribution to enhance absorption in the blue part of the spectrum. Using a cluster analysis (k‐means algorithm) on the phytoplankton absorption spectra, we illustrate the capacity to identify a regular increase in the degree of package effect. This approach can be useful to classify the phytoplankton assemblages in Antarctic waters according to different degrees of pigment packaging, each one related to a specific pigment composition. Our results demonstrate the potential for this classification at different temporal and spatial scales from ocean color satellite data. This should improve our understanding of deviations in global bio‐optical algorithms when applied to the Southern Ocean.
Geometry of a large‐scale, low‐angle, midcrustal thrust (Woodroffe Thrust, central Australia)
Authors: Wex S. , Mancktelow N. S. , Hawemann F. , Camacho A. , Pennacchioni G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Musgrave Block in central Australia exposes numerous large‐scale mylonitic shear zones developed during the intracontinental Petermann Orogeny around 560–520 Ma. The most prominent structure is the crustal‐scale, over 600 km long, E‐W trending Woodroffe Thrust, which is broadly undulate but generally dips shallowly to moderately to the south and shows an approximately top‐to‐north sense of movement. The estimated metamorphic conditions of mylonitization indicate a regional variation from predominantly midcrustal (circa 520–620°C and 0.8–1.1 GPa) to lower crustal (~650°C and 1.0–1.3 GPa) levels in the direction of thrusting, which is also reflected in the distribution of preserved deformation microstructures. This variation in metamorphic conditions is consistent with a south dipping thrust plane but is only small, implying that a ≥60 km long N‐S segment of the Woodroffe Thrust was originally shallowly dipping at an average estimated angle of ≤6°. The reconstructed geometry suggests that basement‐cored, thick‐skinned, midcrustal thrusts can be very shallowly dipping on a scale of many tens of kilometers in the direction of movement. Such a geometry would require the rocks along the thrust to be weak, but field observations (e.g., large volumes of syntectonic pseudotachylyte) argue for a strong behavior, at least transiently. Localization on a low‐angle, near‐planar structure that crosscuts lithological layers requires a weak precursor, such as a seismic rupture in the middle to lower crust. If this was a single event, the intracontinental earthquake must have been large, with the rupture extending laterally over hundreds of kilometers.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Holey Graphene/Sulfur Composite for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chang Ni , Zhou Chungen , Fu Hao , Zhao Yan , Shui Jianglan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising energy storage devices owing to their high theoretical energy density and environmental friendliness. However, drawbacks such as poor conductivity of element sulfur, “shuttle effect,” and serious volume expansion hinder the application of Li–S batteries. Herein, this paper reports a functionalized holey graphene/sulfur composite fabricated by a facile one‐pot synthesis method as the cathode for Li–S batteries. The uniformly and densely distributed microholes are etched out on graphene sheets by H2O2 oxidation, with the tunable hole‐ size and the oxygen‐functional group doping along the hole‐edge. The numerous microholes serve as the fast pathways for ions through the graphene sheets, while the polar oxygen‐functional groups inhibit the movement of lithium polysulfides. Such a functionalized holey graphene/sulfur composite with the optimal hole‐size of 0.6 nm shows a significantly enhanced electrochemical performance compared with the control sample without the microholes or functional groups.
Cellulose Nanocrystal:Polymer Hybrid Optical Diffusers for Index‐Matching‐Free Light Management in Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Mahpeykar Seyed Milad , Zhao Yongbiao , Li Xiyan , Yang Zhenyu , Xu Qiwei , Lu Zheng‐Hong , Sargent Edward H. , Wang Xihua 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA novel optical diffuser based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, or cellulose nanocrystal:polymer (CNP) is reported. By offering simple low‐cost fabrication process as well as compatibility with large‐scale production, the proposed optical diffuser is a better choice for integration into optoelectronic devices for light management compared to other cellulose‐based diffusers due to its physical durability and the lack of requirement for index‐matching between the diffuser and the optoelectronic device thanks to the unique surface properties, mechanical flexibility, and optical transparency offered by PDMS as the matrix material. It is demonstrated that CNCs are an excellent filler material to pair up with PDMS in an optical diffuser providing highly efficient broadband light diffusion in visible and near‐infrared range of light at very low concentrations (≈1 wt%). At its optimized form, a CNP hybrid optical diffuser is capable of achieving very high haze values (up to 85%) while maintaining a high degree of transparency (≈85%) at the same time. As a proof of concept, light management capabilities of CNP hybrid optical diffusers are leveraged to demonstrate their potential for light extraction improvement in organic light‐emitting diodes and light absorption enhancement in thin‐film solar cells.
Copper‐Catalyzed C−H Activation of Substituted Pyridines Leading to Imidazopyridine Derivatives via Self‐Redox of the Substrates
Authors: Lou Zhenbang , Yang Haijun , Zhu Changjin , Fu Hua 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA simple and practical copper‐catalyzed C−H activation of substituted pyridines with O‐aryl oximes leading to imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines has been developed via self‐redox of the substrates. The reaction performed well under mild conditions, tolerating many functional groups. Importantly, the C−H activation did not need an added oxidant, additive, acid or base.
An E‐HOIM Based Data‐Driven Adaptive TILC of Nonlinear Discrete‐Time Systems for Non‐Repetitive Terminal Point Tracking
Authors: Lin Na , Chi Ronghu , Huang Biao , Chien Chiang‐Ju , Feng Yuanjing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis work proposes a new adaptive terminal iterative learning control approach based on the extended concept of high‐order internal model, or E‐HOIM‐ATILC, for a nonlinear non‐affine discrete‐time system. The objective is to make the system state or output at the endpoint of each operation track a desired target value. The target value varies from one iteration to another. Before proceeding to the data‐driven design of the proposed approach, an iterative dynamical linearization is performed for the unknown nonlinear systems by using the gradient of the nonlinear system with regard to the control input as the iteration‐and‐time‐varying parameter vector of the equivalent linear I/O data model. By virtue of the basic idea of the internal model, the inverse of the parameter vector is approximated by a high‐order internal model. The proposed E‐HOIM‐ATILC does not use measurements of any intermediate points except for the control input and terminal output at the endpoint. Moreover, it is data‐driven and needs merely the terminal I/O measurements. By incorporating additional control knowledge from the known portion of the high order internal model into the learning control law, the control performance of the proposed E‐HOIM‐ATILC is improved. The convergence is shown by rigorous mathematical proof. Simulations through both a batch reactor and a coupled tank system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Validating distribution models for twelve endemic bird species of tropical dry forest in western Mexico
Authors: Ortega‐Huerta Miguel A. , Vega‐Rivera Jorge H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractConsidering the high biodiversity and conservation concerns of the tropical dry forest, this study aim is to predict and evaluate the potential and current distributions of twelve species of endemic birds which distribute along the western slope of Mexico. The main goal is to evaluate altogether different methods for predicting actual species distribution models (ADMs) of the twelve species including the identification of key environmental potential limiting factors.ADMs for twelve endemic Mexican birds were generated and validated by means of applying: (1) three widely used species niche modeling approaches (ENFA, Garp, and Maxent); (2) two thresholding methods, based onROCcurves and Kappa Index, for transforming continuous models to presence/absence (binary) models; (3) documented habitat–species associations for reducing species potential distribution models (PDMs); and (4) field occurrence data for validating finalADMs. BinaryPDMs' predicted areas seemed overestimated, whileADMs looked drastically reduced and fragmented because of the approach taken for eliminating those predicted areas which were documented as unsuitable habitat types for individual species. Results indicated that both thresholding methods generated similar threshold values for species modeled by each of the three species distribution modeling algorithms (SDMAs). A Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, however, showed that Kappa values were generally higher thanROCcurve for species modeled byENFAand Maxent, while for Garp models there were no significant differences. Prediction success (e.g., true presences percentage) obtained from field occurrence data revealed a range of 50%–82% among the 12 species. The three modeling approaches applied enabled to test the application of two thresholding methods for transforming continuous to binary (presence/absence) models. The use of documented habitat preferences resulted in drastic reductions and fragmentation ofPDMs. However,ADMs predictive success rate, tested using field species occurrence data, varied between 50 and 82%.
A Paper‐Based Microfluidic Fuel Cell with Hydrogen Peroxide as Fuel and Oxidant
Authors: Yan Xiaohui , Xu Ao , Zeng Lin , Gao Ping , Zhao Tianshou 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe ever‐growing interest in portable electronics, especially wearable devices, imposes great demands on power sources that are compact. A paper‐based microfluidic fuel cell for portable electronics that uses H2O2 as both fuel and oxidant is reported herein. Unlike conventional microfluidic fuel cells, which rely on a colaminar flow of anolyte and catholyte, the present fuel cell is realized by the selective catalysis of H2O2, and it can eliminate concerns about fuel management and disturbance by bubbles. Silver nanowires and carbon nanotube (CNT)‐supported Prussian Blue are chosen as the anode and cathode catalyst, respectively, to catalyze the oxidation and reduction reactions. Results show that the present microfluidic fuel cell system is able to offer a peak power density as high as 0.88 mW cm−2. Additional striking features of the present fuel cell are that it does not require precious‐metal catalysts and the used fuel, H2O2, is a carbon‐free and sustainable energy carrier.