bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of security and intelligence policy in the era of cyber crimes
Authors: Gashi MSc. Bahri , Zendeli Dr.Sc. Fadil 
Published: July 2016

Creation of National Cyber Defense Strategy, is the only security and the best protection against cyber-crimes. This is the starting point, from where adequate policies and necessary legal measures begin, aiming the creation of a solid ground and responsible users by implementing comprehensive measures and legal restrictions.The methodology used to achieve the recognition of users with applicable legislation and regulations on the use of the Internet, as well as legal obligations; implementation of procedures to use communication systems; signing and approval by users of their responsibilities; knowledge and information on the risks and threats stemming from the use of communication networks; certification of trained and specialized staff; classification and processing of information in a particular system; identifying unauthorized users who use classified information networks in public systems and private sector; creating barriers in distance entry networks and information systems, etc.Various Security and Intelligence institutions covering and operating in these areas are responsible for the creation and promotion of National Cyber Defense Strategy, analyzing the risk to implement protective measures for preventing attacks on Cybercrime (Cyber Crimes).
Government Participation in Bad Debts Resolution; Case of Kosovo and Albania
Authors: Dervishaj MSc. Valdrin , Lubeniqi MA. Getoar 
Published: July 2016

Banks need to make thorough analysis and take into consideration all the potential risks that arise related to their lending, preventing bad loans mostly during economic slowdown. The Non-Performing Loans (now on referred as NPL) in Kosovo continued falling from 8.7% as it was in 2013 to 8.3% in 2014. While in 2014 NPL level decreased, the provisioning for loans continued to increase from 110.5% to 114.4%. This is a positive toward any unexpected situation. Lost loans have continued to increase in moderated way for the last four years. Banking Sector in Albania since the last economic recession entered into third period of development which shows huge problems with high NPL ratio, credit shrink, lower banks’ profitability and intensive attempts to introduce stabilizing mechanisms. NPL ratio was the highest in South East Europe Countries (now on referred as SEEC) region, number of outstanding loans tended to decrease such as profit in banking sectors. As a response to highest NPL ratio compared to world level, Kosovo authority has set only guidelines for restructuring and monitoring the process of regularity. This provides banks with a wide range of autonomy in the procedures of restructuring. Authority in Albania has been active in the process of normalizing the system. In 2013 has introduced the guideline on corporate loan restructuring. The guideline promotes 12 principles.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Export Performance: Empirical Evidence for Western Balkan Countries
Authors: Selimi Dr.Sc. Nasir , Sadiku Dr.Sc. Luljeta , Reçi MA. Kushtrim 
Published: July 2016

Recently there are many authors that have studied and analyzed the impact of foreign direct investments (FDI) on the export performance. They have different opinions about the effect of foreign direct investments on the export performance. Some of them in their papers conclude that FDI have positive effect on the export performance and some not. There are also findings that FDI do not have any impact on the export performance. Of course for economic benefit of host country it is not important only the amount of FDI, but also their structure. To measure the effect of FDI on the export performance is not easy.Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to analyze empirically the foreign direct investments and exports performance during the period of 1996-2013 in Western Balkan countries. The paper also investigates for the fixed effects and individual heterogeneity across countries and years. Based on the panel regression techniques and Least Square Dummy Variable (LSDV) regression method, FDI positively affect export performance in the sample countries in various model specifications.The results and conclusions of this paper we hope that will help everybody who are interested and studying this matter, especially the policy makers. The last ones have the obligation to facilitate and promote the export if they award confirm that FDI contribute on developing their economy.
LANGUAGE ABILITY, SPEECH COMPETENCE IN THE FORMAT OF NON- / NATURAL WRITTEN SPEECH (based on schoolchildren’s essays)
Authors: Butakova L. O. 
Published: July 2016

The paper shows the possibilities of psycholinguistic description of language ability and speech competence of native speakers, based on the analysis of schoolchildren’s essays. The author takes into account the changes that have taken place with native speakers associated with the early inclusion of children in the communication on a global scale in the Internet, changes in their leisure time, in Russian written communication in general. The paper demonstrates the structural, communicative, semantic, cognitive analysis of texts on the example of the 7th-grade students' essays on one topic. The author explains the resulting picture on the basis of the theory of speech activity, draws conclusions about the development of the cognitive mechanisms that provide for the formation of meanings, their transfer to the language units, selected depending on the communication objectives and compliance with the language convention (norm)
ACCUSATION / INSULT: ASPECTS OF THE QUALIFICATION IN EXPERT PRACTICE
Authors: Ivanenko G. S. 
Published: July 2016

Peer review of statements and texts for insult still remains a challenging field of linguotextology. The paper discusses the signs of invective communicative acts, and describes those factors, the analysis helps the expert to describe the content and form of speech influence. Rejecting the formal-stylistic approach to the concept of norms in the field of speech interaction and to the characterization of “indecent form”, which is the key to the proceedings of the insult, the author of this paper offers a linguistic and communicative approach, based on the analysis of the components of the speech act.
ESTHETIC NOTION AS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF LINGUISTIC CULTURE
Authors: Maslova V. A. 
Published: July 2016

The subject of the research presented in the given paper is the esthetic notion as a special kind of a person’s attitude to the world and themselves. The objective of the paper is to find out the specificity of the implementation of the esthetic function in the language of poetry. The methodological bases of the research are the works by psychologists (L. S. Vygotsky, A. N. Leontiev), linguists (R. O. Yakobson, H. O. Vinokur, L. P. Yakubinsky), philologists (M.M. Bakhtin). The paper shows that the linguistic units in a poetic text subject to esthetic laws are caused by composition, intertextual relations, the author's vision, etc. At the same time, they get a completely new meaning different from the everyday one. As a result, we prove that dissimilarity of the natural language and the language used in works of art “makes” the recipient’s consciousness perceive the text as an esthetic object.
DELOCUTIVES IN THE MODERN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Nikolina N. A. 
Published: July 2016

Delocutives that serve for designation of speech act are distinguished in the paper as special kind of words. They deal with speakers’ metalinguistic activity and have different nature. Word-formative structure of these derivatives is considered and their semantic characteristics is given. Special attention is paied to “postphrasal” delocutives. It is concluded that delocutives are an open group of words that is ever-growing in the modern Russian speech. The development of new methods of another’s speech transmission and formation of its new models is connected with the growth of this word group. Delocutives are described as lexical items that give an interpreting of speakers’ verbal behavior, in this regard evaluative semantic component is observed in their meaning.
REFLECTION OF LINGUISTIC PLURALISM IN PHONOLOGICAL CONCEPTS
Authors: Trofimova E. B. 
Published: July 2016

The paper consists of two parts. The first part presents the overview of scientific pluralism as a phenomenon that pertains any type of science, which has held a certain way of formation and development over the years. The «pros» and «cons» of pluralism are considered. «Pros» include the possibility of expanding the research area by introducing the new language material, and through the usage of non-traditional approaches to the research object; «cons» include the low level of reasoning observed in some cases when forming new concepts. Reductionism opposes pluralism. It appears with the absolutization of a single or authors’ approaches to the research object. The second part covers the analysis of the following foreign and Russian phonological concepts: descriptive American phonology, two varieties of generative phonology –standard generative phonology and natural generative phonology, the phonological concept of Nikolai Trubetzkoy, Moscow and Leningrad phonological schools, the concept of «late» Ruben Avanesov, phonological concept of Sebastian Shaumyan. Theoretical contribution of each concept along with the possibility of its pragmatic applicability is estimated. Concepts are compared firstly, according to the reflection of sound acoustic-articulatory characteristics in the phoneme (phoneme-sound correlation principle); secondly, according to the phonemic structure in paradigmatics and syntagmatics. The absence of complete match of these parameters in concepts indicates the manifestation of pluralism in the area of phonological research.
WORD AND WORD FORM: DERIVATIONAL TYPES, LINGUISTIC SIGNIFICANCE AND FUNCTIONS
Authors: Sharandin A. L. 
Published: July 2016

The problem of correlation of two notions “word” and “word form” is the central problem in Russian Grammar (Morphology) and is connected with some priority areas of the modern linguistics in the framework of the general anthropocentric approach to the language description. Derivational processes are connected with the notion of motivation and viewed in the paper. This motivation defines the eduction of different derivational types, which are united by a cognitive-communicative approach. The linguistic significance of the word form is determined as a conceptual structure, “servicing” conceptual content of the word-lexeme. The fundamental functions of the word forms and their significance for description of the language as a multilevel structure are identified. The represented extended understanding of word form allows to solve some problems of methodological (the problem of relativity between content and form in the language), theoretical (the problem of identification of the word and different types of the word form) and practical nature (inclusion the grammar material into the lexicographic practice).
COMMON SENSE AND LINGUISTIC EXAMINATION IN DIFFERENT LEGAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Shmelev A. D. 
Published: July 2016

The paper discusses the role of linguistic examination in civil law and common law legal systems. It argues that while it is forensic linguistic expertise that often plays an important role in civil law systems, the lay people’s opinion is crucial in common law systems. It suggests that the best way to obtain adequate results for civil law systems (including the Russian legal system) is to combine the two approaches, that is, to make use of an expert linguistic analysis of the linguistic competence of lay speakers of the language in question. Various examples illustrate the point (among them the problems arising in civil suits of honor protection and business reputation defense as well as the famous “tomato case”, in which the United States Supreme Court addressed whether a tomato was classified as a fruit or a vegetable). In addition, the paper discusses vague wording and consequent difficulty of implementation of the “Federal Law on the National Language of the Russian Federation.”
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF THE KEMEROVO DEANERY OF THE DIOCESE OF NOVOSIBIRSK AND BARNAUL IN 1945-1965
Authors: Gorbatov A. V. , Klimova E. 
Published: July 2016

The paper presents the analysis of the financial and economic activity of the Kemerovo Deanery of the Russian Orthodox Church Diocese of Novosibirsk and Barnaul under a controversial government policy when the Russian Orthodox Church continued to be subject to restrictions and harassment even after receiving a legal status in the USSR. On the basis of archival documents, especially accounting and deanery reports, the authors examine the main sources of income and expenditures of the Orthodox community of Kemerovo Region. Upon the application of a systematic and comprehensive approach in the study of the factors that had a significant impact on the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church, the authors conclude that there was sufficient stability in the financial situation of the Orthodox parishes in Kemerovo Region in 1945 – 1965. For two decades, in terms of anti-religious propaganda, the Orthodox parishes were self-funded, continued to have significant tangible property, carried out religious centers deductions and contributions to public funds.
FEATURES OF CULTURAL AND LANGUAGE ADAPTATION OF RUSSIAN EXPATRIATES: THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
Authors: Evpak E. V. 
Published: July 2016

The paper focuses on the problems of cultural and language adaptation of Russian expatriates abroad. It reflects a certain stage of an extensive research project carried out by the “Social-Cognitive Functioning of the Russian Language” school lead by N. D. Golev. The paper verifies the author’s observations about the cultural and linguistic adaptation of Russian expatriates in foreign countries in different historical periods. It is based on the evidence gathered by the author in the countries of the Russian Diaspora, as well as on archive materials, including the family and library archives in Russia, Slovakia and the Czech Republic.
CONSERVATIVE PARTY AND THE PROBLEMS OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN THE EARLY YEARS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR (on the pages of “Diary of a diplomat” by I. M. Maisky)
Authors: Khakhalkina E. V. 
Published: July 2016

The “Diary” of the Soviet diplomat I. M. Maisky, who worked in London for more than ten years first as a messenger, then as the Soviet ambassador to the UK, is one of the valuable sources for the interwar period and the Second World War. The “Diary” contains records of Maisky’s conversations with the leading British politicians and public figures and his own thoughts on a wide range of issues, including the problems of the British Empire. The author of the paper analyzes the views of the Tories on the prospects for the British Empire and the Commonwealth of the postwar period and reveals the plans for the reconstruction of the Empire and its transformation while maintaining the dominant position of Britain in the format of a new relationship with the dominions and colonies. The paper shows that within the British political establishment there was no consensus on the future of the empire and, as the materials of the “Diary of diplomat” evidence, the problem of the evolution of the Empire had a close relationship with other areas of foreign and domestic policy.
COMMON NOTION ON STABILITY: EXPERIMENTAL DIACHRONIC STUDY
Authors: Goots E. N. , Pautova L. A. 
Published: July 2016

The results of experimental study of common notion on stability (2015) were compared with those of analogous study (2002). The goal of the diachronic study carried out for 13 years apart was to find out common and specific features in the perception of stability by respondents, possessing identical sets of social characteristics. Integrated comparative-correlative study is done with the data of two experiments’ results: associative experiment and experiment with semantic differential method. The study manifested the nucleus of stability associative field representing consciousness constants and peripheral area, variable in terms of structure and quantitative filling. The analysis of the experiment results with semantic differential method made it possible to find out resemblance and differences in perception of stability and chaos by respondents. Undoubtedly, it is important for future study of Russian stabilization consciousness. The method of semantic differential as a psycholinguistic method and as a tool of this phenomenon of perception study revealed emotional evaluative constituent of stability common idea . The authors confirm the supposition made earlier about relativity of common notion on stability; gap between reality (societal and global stability – instability) and representation; on mythologization and ideologization of stability awareness.
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Lapteva Ju. A. , Morozova I. S. 
Published: July 2016

The paper analyzes the current state of the emotional development of children of preschool age within the framework of national studies. Emotional growth is considered to be a significant regulator of the most important life functions and a factor in the formation of a complex system of emotional attitude of a preschool child. On the basis of theoretical generalizations of various research positions three interrelated areas of emotional development during the preschool years were identified: emotional expressiveness, emotional regulation of behavior and communication, the development of social emotions. The appearance of growths of the emotional sphere of a preschool child is shown: the ability to differentiate and identify signs expressing their values in the context of certain emotional states; development of empathy; the capacity for emotional anticipation. The results of theoretical generalizations are presented in the authors’ model of emotional development of children of preschool age. In conclusion, the connection of key growths of emotional sphere, the nature of the socially important relations in the space of a kindergarten with a sense of emotional (psychological) comfort of the child is displayed.
PROACTIVE CREATIVE WRITING AMONG CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS AS A LINGUISTIC SOURCE
Authors: Mesenyashina L. A. 
Published: July 2016

The material of this study is the unfinished work “In an unknown area” written by the authors aged 11–12 years old and defined by them as a “fantastic detective”. A typology of the children’s creative written works is made. The features of language, style, genre and semantics have been analyzed. The typical formal semantic features of proactive creative writing works of children and young adolescents are revealed. The results can be used in further studies of ontolinguistics issues.
SOCIAL ISOLATION OF THE DIALECT, ITS PRESTIGE AND DIVERGENT PROCESSES IN THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE
Authors: Brisina Ye. V. , Suprun V. I. 
Published: July 2016

The paper discusses socially isolated dialects of the Russian language with a high positive rating of prestige by the native speakers. Pomorian dialect is partially codified. The Kuban Cossacks have Russian-Ukrainian origin, only the Ukrainian balachka (балачка) was codified. The Don prestige dialect did not receive codification, but because of its social isolation it is not influenced by neighbouring dialects and the literary language.
Risks of Global Financial Markets and the Importance of Credibility: Implications for Hungarian Fiscal Policy
Authors: Gyorffy Dora 
Published: July 2016

The central issue in the controversy about the adoption of the euro in Hungary is the difficulties associated with the fulfillment of the fiscal criterion and the possible growth sacrifice it requires. In this paper the author examines the question whether the strategy of delaying entry into the euro-zone implies that fiscal consolidation can be delayed as well. In approaching the problem the paper considers the origins and history of the present-day global financial markets and argues that given the high degree of systemic risks individual countries face responsible macroeconomic policies are crucial in minimizing vulnerability tocrises. Consequently in order to avoid excessive interest rates and speculative inflows (or currency crisis in the worst case scenario) fiscal deficits in Hungary would have to be cut and credibility of fiscal policy reestablished even without EMU accession. The overall conclusion from this overview is that delaying entry in order to delay fiscal adjustment is likely to increase the trade off between real and nominal convergence instead of mitigating it.
JEL classification: F33, F41, H62
Tőkepiacok nyolc új EU-tagországban – látszat- vagy valós fejlettség
Authors: Palosi-Nemeth Balazs 
Published: July 2016

A tanulmány arra keresi a választ, hogy mi az Európai Unióhoz frissen csatlakozott, volt tervgazdaságú nyolc ország tőkepiacának valós szerepe és lehetősége. A szerző bemutatja, hogy – bár a gazdasági növekedés szempontjából kívánatos a vegyes pénzügyi közvetítés, így a bankrendszer mellett a tőkepiac hatékony működése – a pénzügyi globalizáció hatásai miatt a vizsgált országok tőzsdéinek fejlődése nem lehet párhuzamos az általános intézményrendszer mélyülésével. A tanulmány a szabványosított piacok szerepének kiemelése mellett különböző alapvető stratégiákat is elemez.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: F36, G14, G15
Szerződési szabadság és gazdasági növekedés az átmeneti országokban
Authors: Czegledi Pal 
Published: July 2016

A tanulmány a verseny gazdasági növekedésre gyakorolt hatásait vizsgálja, középpontba állítva a verseny szubjektivista (modern osztrák) felfogását. Legfontosabb következtetése az, hogy a verseny a vállalkozói felfedező folyamaton keresztül tud a legjobban érvényre jutni. Ennek alapján amellett érvel, hogy a versenynek eme aspektusa a gazdasági szabadsággal mérhető, és az átmenti országok esetében ennek nagyobb a szerepe, mint a fejlett és fejletlen országokban. Az elméleti következtetést a tanulmány panelelemzéssel támasztja alá.
JEL (Journal of Economic Literature) kód: O12, O17, L14.
Feasibility of laproscopic appendectomy in appendicities and appendicular perforation
Authors: Sah RK , Bishokarma S 
Published: July 2016

Introduction: The advent and rapid acceptance of laparoscopic surgery led to the idea of performing laparoscopic appendectomy (LA). In 1983 Semm, a German gynecologist performed the first LA. More than three decades later, the benefits of LA are still controversial. The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of laproscopic appendectomy in appendicitis and appendicular perforation.Methods: Thirty five patient undergoing laproscopicappendectomy for appendicitis from 14th feb 2015 to 11th feb 2016 in Grande international hospital were included in the study. Duration of surgery, requirement of analgesia, time to normal diet and regular activity as well as length of hospital stay and postoperative complications were studied.Results: A total of 35 patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy during the study period.Ten patients have peri-appendicular pus collection of which six patients have perforation. Median duration of surgery was 59±8.64 minutes. Mean Post operative pain score was 4.71±0.71. Mean intravenous fevastin requirement was 3.31±0.9 gm and intravenous ketorolac was 94±27mg while oral diclofenac was 731±172.81mg. Postoperative complications were 9%. Mean time to normal diet resumption was 1.17±0.47 days and time to normal activities was 10.5±2.44 days. Median length of hospital stay was 1.9±0.96 days.Conclusion: Laproscopic appendectomy is a feasible option for appendicitis as well as appendicular perforation. More frequent use of this procedure may lead to reduction in operating time. Continuation of laproscopic appendectomy as a therapeutic option for patients with appendicitisas well as appendicular perforation need evaluation in large study scale.