bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relation between polysomnography and subjective sleep and its dependence on age – poor sleep may become good sleep
Authors: Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Schwarz Johanna , Gruber Georg , Lindberg Eva , Theorell‐Haglöw Jenny 
Published: April 2016

SummaryWomen complain more about sleep than men, but polysomnography (PSG) seems to suggest worse sleep in men. This raises the question of how women (or men) perceive objective (PSG) sleep. The present study sought to investigate the relation between morning subjective sleep quality and PSG variables in older and younger women. A representative sample of 251 women was analysed in age groups above and below 51.5 years (median). PSG was recorded at home during one night. Perceived poor sleep was related to short total sleep time (TST), long wake within total sleep time (WTSP), low sleep efficiency and a high number of awakenings. The older women showed lower TST and sleep efficiency and higher WTSP for a rating of good sleep than did the younger women. For these PSG variables the values for good sleep in the older group were similar to the values for poor sleep in the young group. It was concluded that women perceive different levels of sleep duration, sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset relatively well, but that older women adjust their objective criteria for good sleep downwards. It was also concluded that age is an important factor in the relation between subjective and objective sleep.
Biotic disturbance facilitates range shift at the trailing but not the leading edge of lodgepole pine's altitudinal distribution
Authors: Renwick Katherine M. , Rocca Monique E. , Stohlgren Thomas J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimClimate change will alter the geographic distribution of many species, but in forest communities, long‐lived trees often persist after the climate is no longer suitable for recruitment. Disturbance events may accelerate distribution shifts in forested ecosystems by removing persistent trees and creating new recruitment opportunities for species better adapted to the current climate. Here, we investigate how biological disturbances such as insect outbreaks may interact with climate change to initiate tree species range shifts.LocationSouthern Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA.MethodsWe compared tree and seedling data from long‐term monitoring transects established in 1992–1995 and re‐sampled in 2012 following a widespread mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreak. Transects are located along elevational gradients at the altitudinal range margins of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta).ResultsWe found that recruitment had declined through time at the trailing edge of lodgepole pine's distribution (lower elevation range margin), where there are now many fewer seedlings compared to the leading edge (upper elevation range margin). At the trailing edge, mountain pine beetle increased mortality of mature lodgepole pines relative to background levels. This mortality was associated with an increase in recruitment of Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), a lower elevation tree species. At the leading edge of lodgepole pine's distribution, overstorey mortality was associated with only a modest increase in the density of lodgepole pine seedlings (mean increase of 362 seedlings·ha−1), and instead favoured more shade‐tolerant competitors (mean increase of 2182 seedlings·ha−1).ConclusionWhile there is some evidence that climate change is beginning to alter the altitudinal range of lodgepole pine, mountain pine beetle disturbance will likely facilitate this process only at the trailing (lower elevation) range margin. At the leading (upper elevation) range margin, range expansion may be limited by competition with trees and seedlings of species not susceptible to mountain pine beetle. A physical disturbance such as fire that can eliminate competing species may be required for the upward expansion of lodgepole pine's leading range margin. For tree species such as lodgepole pine that are affected by periodic insect outbreaks, ranges may shrink in the near term if this disturbance–climate interaction continues to drive range retractions that outpace range expansions.
Reaching Students with Limited or Interrupted Formal Education Through Culturally Responsive Teaching
Authors: DeCapua Andrea 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article considers how developing an understanding of the beliefs, values, norms, and ways of thinking and learning of students with limited or interrupted formal education (SLIFE) is central to effective instruction for this population. Because these students are different from other English language learners (ELLs), teachers must develop the ability to suspend judgment by building deep cultural knowledge of SLIFE. This can then inform curriculum and pedagogical practices that best support SLIFE in their transition and adaption to formal education. Following a review of culturally responsive teaching as outlined by Gay (; ; ), I continue with an examination of the Intercultural Communication Framework (DeCapua and Marshall, ; Marshall, 1994) intended to develop teachers' understanding of cultural factors influencing students' ways of thinking and learning. The article concludes with an exploration of a culturally responsive instructional model, the Mutually Adaptive Learning Paradigm (DeCapua and Marshall ; ), designed to better serve SLIFE.
Working Memory and Interference Control in Children with Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Marton Klara , Eichorn Naomi , Campanelli Luca , Zakarias Lilla 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLanguage and communication disorders are often associated with deficits in working memory (WM) and interference control. WM studies involving children with specific language impairment (SLI) have traditionally been framed using either resource theories or decay accounts, particularly Baddeley's model. Although significant interference problems in children with SLI are apparent in error analysis data from WM and language tasks, interference theories and paradigms have not been widely used in the SLI literature. A primary goal of the present paper is to provide an overview of interference deficits in children with SLI. Review of the extant literature on interference control shows deficits in this population; however, the source and the nature of the deficit remain unclear. Thus, a second key aim in our review is to demonstrate the need for theoretically driven experimental paradigms in order to better understand individual variations associated with interference weaknesses in children with SLI.
Poor agreement between diagnostic tests for latent tuberculosis infection among HIV‐infected persons in Hong Kong
Authors: Leung Chi Chiu , Chan Kenny , Yam Wing Cheong , Lee Man Po , Chan Chi Kuen , Wong Ka Hing , Ho Pak Leung , Mak Ida , Tam Cheuk Ming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe tuberculin skin test (TST), T‐Spot.TB (T‐Spot) and QuantiFERON‐TB Gold‐In Tube (QFT) were compared in diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected persons.MethodsHuman immunodeficiency virus‐infected persons without previous history of tuberculosis or LTBI were simultaneously tested by TST, T‐Spot and QFT annually and followed up for tuberculosis.ResultsAmong 110 HIV‐infected subjects with 85% previous TST screening coverage, 75% on anti‐retroviral therapy, well‐preserved median CD4 count (414/μL) and low median viral load (<75/μL), baseline TST, T‐Spot and QFT were positive in 5.5%, 5.6% and 4.9%, respectively, with almost complete discordance of positive results. Among 91 (83%), 66 (60%) and 26 (24%) subjects successfully undergoing the first, second and third annual retesting, TST, T‐Spot and QFT were, respectively, positive in 11/123 (8.9%), 13/173 (7.5%) and 21/182 (11.5%) on retesting, with similar discordance of positive results. There was no significant association with the concurrent CD4 count or viral load. Conversion occurred in 11/123 (8.9%), 8/160 (5.0%) and 18/168 (10.7%) of TST, T‐Spot and QFT, respectively, and none was associated with changes in CD4 count or viral load. More than half of the positive T‐SPOT and QFT results reverted to negative on follow‐up. None of these tests picked up the single case of culture‐confirmed tuberculosis observed after 798 person‐years of follow‐up.ConclusionMajor discordance in positive results, high reversion rates and low tuberculosis incidence among test‐positive subjects cast serious doubt on the utility of the currently available LTBI tests in the annual screening of HIV‐infected persons in an intermediate tuberculosis burden area.
Auxin‐mediated lamina growth in tomato leaves is restricted by two parallel mechanisms
Authors: Ben‐Gera Hadas , Dafna Asaf , Alvarez John Paul , Bar Maya , Mauerer Mareike , Ori Naomi 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIn the development of tomato compound leaves, local auxin maxima points, separated by the expression of the Aux/IAA protein SlIAA9/ENTIRE (E), direct the formation of discrete leaflets along the leaf margin. The local auxin maxima promote leaflet initiation, while E acts between leaflets to inhibit auxin response and lamina growth, enabling leaflet separation. Here, we show that a group of auxin response factors (ARFs), which are targeted by miR160, antagonizes auxin response and lamina growth in conjunction with E. In wild‐type leaf primordia, the miR160‐targeted ARFs SlARF10A and SlARF17 are expressed in leaflets, and SlmiR160 is expressed in provascular tissues. Leaf overexpression of the miR160‐targeted ARFs SlARF10A, SlARF10B or SlARF17, led to reduced lamina and increased leaf complexity, and suppressed auxin response in young leaves. In agreement, leaf overexpression of miR160 resulted in simplified leaves due to ectopic lamina growth between leaflets, reminiscent of e leaves. Genetic interactions suggest that E and miR160‐targeted ARFs act partially redundantly but are both required for local inhibition of lamina growth between initiating leaflets. These results show that different types of auxin signal antagonists act cooperatively to ensure leaflet separation in tomato leaf margins.
Investigation on the formation of roll waves in chutes
Authors: Aghebatie Behrouz , Hosseini Khosrow 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRoll waves create unstable and turbulent behaviour in channels and chutes and also change the behaviour of water entering the energy dissipater structures. In the present study, the free surface of water in the chute is simulated by numerical models. The roll waves’ occurrence is investigated in the numerical model for the discharge up to 30 m3/s, the longitudinal slope varying from 17 to 20% and the width of chute varying from 3.4 to 4.0 m. The ratios of the hydraulic depth to the chute width and also the minimum velocity to the maximum velocity are calculated along the chute length for different discharges, widths and longitudinal slopes of the chute. Results indicated that for the chutes in which the ratio of hydraulic depth to the chute width less than 0.16 the ratio of minimum to maximum velocity is less than 0.75, the formation of roll waves is inevitable.
A1‐Adenosine receptor activation has biphasic roles in development of acute kidney injury at 4 and 24 h of reperfusion following ischaemia in rats
Authors: Najafi Houshang , Owji Seyed Mohammad , Kamali‐Sarvestani Eskandar , Moosavi Seyed Mostafa Shid 
Published: April 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
A1‐Adenosine receptor (A1AR) blockade before renal ischaemia aggravated kidney injury after 24 h reperfusion in several studies, whereas we previously observed a renoprotective effect of A1AR blockade during a 4 h reperfusion period. What are the underlying mechanisms for this biphasic effect of pretreatment with an A1AR antagonist at 4 and 24 h reperfusion?

What is main finding and its importance?
A1‐Adenosine receptor blockade protects the kidney against ischaemia‐induced injury during the early hours of reperfusion by attenuating the reduction in renal blood flow and lowering energy expenditure, whereas its inflammatory effects gradually dominate over 24 h reperfusion to intensify kidney injury.
We previously reported that selective blockade of the A1‐adenosine receptor (A1AR) with an antagonist, 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), had protective effects on renal ischaemia‐induced structural and functional disruption during a 4 h reperfusion period. In contrast, several studies demonstrated that endogenous and exogenous A1AR activation before renal ischaemia had a renoprotective role 24 h after reperfusion, through mechanisms that reduced inflammation, necrosis and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated potential mechanisms underlying this biphasic action of A1AR in renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury. Anaesthetized male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent 30 min of bilateral renal ischaemia, and biphasic effects of pretreatment with DPCPX at 4 and 24 h reperfusion were studied on the kidney injury. Pretreatment with DPCPX attenuated at 4 h but augmented at 24 h reperfusion the renal ischaemia‐induced histological damage, reductions in creatinine clearance, urea excretion and free‐water reabsorption, and increases in bicarbonate excretion and tissue malondialdehyde. The DPCPX increased tumour necrosis factor‐α expression and migration of lymphocytes in the postischaemic kidney at both time points, but with a different pattern; lymphocytes mostly aggregated in cortical periarterial spaces at 4 h reperfusion but had infiltrated into the interstitium at 24 h reperfusion. In conclusion, A1AR activation contributes to ischaemia‐induced acute kidney injury during the early hours of reperfusion by causing a greater reduction in renal haemodynamics and by elevating tubular energy expenditure, which overcome its anti‐inflammatory effect. However, its anti‐inflammatory actions are exerted by reducing lymphocyte infiltration and cytokine production that begins to dominate from 4 to 24 h of reperfusion, which is reflected in attenuation of renal structural and functional disruption.
Clinical Evaluation of the New High-Throughput Luminex NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel Assay for Multiplex Respiratory Pathogen Detection
Authors: Chen Jonathan H. K. , Lam Ho-Yin , Yip Cyril C. Y. , Wong Sally C. Y. , Chan Jasper F. W. , Ma Edmond S. K. , Cheng Vincent C. C. , Tang Bone S. F. , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

A broad range of viral and bacterial pathogens can cause acute respiratory tract infection. For rapid detection of a broad respiratory pathogen spectrum, multiplex real-time PCR is ideal. This study evaluated the performance of the new Luminex NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel (NxTAG-RPP) in comparison with the BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel (FA-RP) or singleplex real-time PCR as reference. A total of 284 clinical respiratory specimens and 3 influenza A/H7N9 viral culture samples were tested. All clinical specimens were processed and analyzed in parallel using NxTAG-RPP and the reference standard method. The H7N9 viral culture samples were tested using NxTAG-RPP only. Overall, the NxTAG-RPP demonstrated ≥93% sensitivity and specificity for all respiratory targets except human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and HCoV-HKU1. The H7N9 virus was detected by the influenza A virus matrix gene target, while other influenza A virus subtyping gene targets in the panel remained negative. Complete concordance between NxTAG-RPP and FA-RP was observed in 98.8% (318/322) of positive results (kappa = 0.92). Substantial agreement was found for most respiratory targets, but significant differences were observed in human metapneumovirus (
P
= 0.001) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (
P
= 0.031). NxTAG-RPP has a higher sample throughput than FA-RP (96 samples versus 1 sample per run) while the turnaround times for NxTAG-RPP and FA-RP were 5 h (up to 96 samples) and 1 h (for one sample), respectively. Overall, NxTAG-RPP demonstrated good diagnostic performance for most respiratory pathogens. The high sample throughput with reasonable turnaround time of this new assay makes it a suitable multiplex platform for routine screening of respiratory specimens in hospital-based laboratories.
Consistency of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) at inpatient-to-community transition
Authors: Luo Wei , Harvey Richard , Tran Truyen , Phung Dinh , Venkatesh Svetha , Connor Jason P 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesThe Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) are mandated outcome-measures in many mental-health jurisdictions. When HoNOS are used in different care settings, it is important to assess if setting specific bias exists. This article examines the consistency of HoNOS in a sample of psychiatric patients transitioned from acute inpatient care and community centres.SettingA regional mental health service with both acute and community facilities.Participants111 psychiatric patients were transferred from inpatient care to community care from 2012 to 2014. Their HoNOS scores were extracted from a clinical database; Each inpatient-discharge assessment was followed by a community-intake assessment, with the median period between assessments being 4 days (range 0–14). Assessor experience and professional background were recorded.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe difference of HoNOS at inpatient-discharge and community-intake were assessed with Pearson correlation, Cohen's κ and effect size.ResultsInpatient-discharge HoNOS was on average lower than community-intake HoNOS. The average HoNOS was 8.05 at discharge (median 7, range 1–22), and 12.16 at intake (median 12, range 1–25), an average increase of 4.11 (SD 6.97). Pearson correlation between two total scores was 0.073 (95% CI −0.095 to 0.238) and Cohen's κ was 0.02 (95% CI −0.02 to 0.06). Differences did not appear to depend on assessor experience or professional background.ConclusionsSystematic change in the HoNOS occurs at inpatient-to-community transition. Some caution should be exercised in making direct comparisons between inpatient HoNOS and community HoNOS scores.
Placental histology and neutrophil extracellular traps in lupus and pre-eclampsia pregnancies
Authors: Marder Wendy , Knight Jason S , Kaplan Mariana J , Somers Emily C , Zhang Xu , O'Dell Alexander A , Padmanabhan Vasantha , Lieberman Richard W 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including pre-eclampsia, particularly in association with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). While significant placental abnormalities are expected in pre-eclampsia, less is known about how lupus activity and APS in pregnancy affect the placenta. We describe placental pathology from a population of lupus pregnancies, several of which were complicated by APS-related thromboses, in which pre-eclampsia and other complications developed. We performed standard histopathological placental review and quantified neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the intervillous space, given the recognised association of NETs with lupus, APS and pre-eclampsia.MethodsPre-eclampsia, SLE and control placentas were scored for histological features, and neutrophils were quantified on H&E and immunohistochemical staining for the granular protein myeloperoxidase. NETs were identified by extracellular myeloperoxidase staining in the setting of decondensed nuclei. Non-parametric analysis was used to evaluate differences in netting and intact neutrophils between groups, with Kruskal–Wallis testing for associations between histological findings and neutrophils.ResultsPlacentas were evaluated from 35 pregnancies: 10 controls, 11 pre-eclampsia, 4 SLE+pre-eclampsia and 10 SLE, including one complicated by catastrophic APS and one complicated by hepatic and splenic vein thromboses during pregnancy. Intrauterine growth restriction and oligohydramnios were observed in lupus cases but not controls. Significantly more NETs were found infiltrating placental intervillous spaces in pre-eclampsia, SLE+pre-eclampsia and all 10 SLE non-pre-eclampsia cases. The ratio of NETs to total neutrophils was significantly increased in all case groups compared with controls. When present, NETs were associated with maternal vasculitis, laminar decidual necrosis, maternal–fetal interface haemorrhage and non-occlusive fetal thrombotic vasculopathy.ConclusionsIn this pilot study of placental tissue from lupus pregnancies, outcomes were more complicated, particularly if associated with APS. Placental tissue revealed marked inflammatory and vascular changes that were essentially indistinguishable from placental tissue of pre-eclampsia pregnancies.
A laryngeal rhabdomyosarcoma in a dog
Authors: Sanspoux Frédéric 
Published: April 2016

A six‐year‐old mongrel dog presented with modified voice, stridor, cough, difficulty swallowing and exercise intolerance while hunting since the last six weeks. The primary consideration was laryngeal paralysis and an endoscopic examination was performed. A 3 cm mass was found on the right arytaenoid cartilage rostral to the vocal cord. Biopsy of the mass revealed a tumour originating from striated muscles. After tumour staging with CT, the mass was removed by a ventral approach to the larynx. Histopathological analysis was compatible with a spindle cell sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. No palliative chemotherapy was introduced. The dog was still alive 18 months after surgery.
Stability Analysis of Parametrically Excited Systems Using the Energy-Growth Exponent/Coefficient
Authors: Li Yuchun , Wang Lishi , Yu Yanqing 
Published: April 2016

In this paper, the energy exponent is used to study the instability of parametrically excited systems governed by the damped Mathieu equation. Through the numerical tests, an energy-growth exponent (EGE) is adopted to evaluate the instability intensity and instability boundary of the system. The EGE can be expressed as a product of the modal frequency and a dimensionless coefficient, defined as the energy-growth coefficient (EGC). Based on the Floquet theory, the relationship between the EGE, Floquet exponent and Lyapunov exponent are derived. An energy criterion of parametric instability is proposed by using the EGE. Using a simple pendulum as an example, the geometric characteristics of the EGC are investigated, and approximate analytical formulae of the EGC/EGE for three different unstable patterns are developed. The EGC/EGE formulae are applicable to the parametrically excited systems governed by the damped Mathieu equation. The unstable behaviors and properties of parametric vibrations are analyzed and discussed in details with EGE/EGC for three systems including a triple pendulum, two-dimensional sloshing fluid, and a two-span continuous beam. The stability boundaries established by using EGE/EGC agree well with those by the conventional theory and experiment. As a practical tool, the EGE/EGC formulae can be easily applied to analyzing the unstable intensities and boundaries of the parametrically excited systems.