bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual Contributions to State Supreme Court Campaigns: Context and the Impact of Institutional Design
Authors: Boyea Brent D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBuilding upon existing theories of political fundraising and citizen participation in elections, this study examines contributions from individuals as an essential form of political participation in state high court elections from 2000 through 2012. Specifically, I explore the degree to which candidate characteristics, state political environments, and the attributes of state institutions affect the size of individual contributions. The findings of this investigation indicate the participation of contributors in judicial elections closely resembles the activities of voters. Like voters, contributors respond to contextual forces that increase or decrease salience and the political information available to state citizens. Of particular importance are state decisions to use partisan or nonpartisan election designs. Decisions by states to use partisan elections have important consequences for the generosity of contributors with larger donations directed to candidates seeking office in the most professionalized elective state supreme courts.
Tool for Screening Visual Acuity in Older Individuals With Dementia
Authors: Kergoat Hélène , Law Caroline , Chriqui Estefania , Leclerc Bernard-Simon , Kergoat Marie-Jeanne 
Published: January 2017

Rationale/Objective: To develop a screening and referral algorithm tool to help identify which older institutionalized individuals with dementia need an eye examination. Methods: The visual acuity (VA) screening test was developed on an iPad retina display. Three optotypes were used (letters, numbers, and tumbling E’s) to determine whether one works best with dementia. The screening VA results and algorithm decision were validated against those obtained by an optometrist performing a complete eye examination. Results: Of the 150 participants, 14.7% did not respond to any optotype, while 85.3% responded to letters, 84.0% to numbers, and 66.0% to tumbling E’s. The VA achieved was superior for letters. The concordance for the screening versus eye examination was >80% for VA and 90% for the algorithm. Conclusion: The results indicate that the tool was successful at identifying older individuals with dementia needing an eye examination.
Changes in CD4+CD25+Tregs in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in ApoE−/−mice
Authors: Xue-Mei Li , Jie Chen , Xuan Dai , Xiao-Xing Liao , Chun-Lin Hu , Yu-Jie Li 
Published: January 2017

The goal of this study was to observe the pathological characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic walls of ApoE−/−and C57BL/6J mice and the changes of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells (Tregs) in atherosclerotic mice. Twenty ApoE−/−mice were split into high-fat diet (AH) and normal diet (AN) groups and 10 C57BL/6J male mice were designated as the control group (BN). The serum concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; paraffin sections of the aorta were stained with hematoxylin & eosin, and morphometric parameters were measured using the Image Pro Plus 6.0 system. Verhoeff stain was used to observe the distribution of elastic fibers, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to verify the phenotype of the forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3+) CD25+cells in the atherosclerotic tissue. The proportion of CD4+CD25+Tregs in the spleen was calculated by flow cytometry. The thickness of the intima, the intima/media ratio, the plaque area, and the plaque/lumen ratio of mice in AN group were significantly larger than those of mice in BN group. The thickness of the intima, the plaque area, and the plaque/lumen ratio of the mice in AH group were significantly increased compared with those of the AN group mice. The serum concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β1 and the percentage of splenic CD4+CD25+Tregs in AN group mice were significantly decreased compared with the control group. The serum concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β1 and the percentage of splenic CD4+CD25+Tregs in the mice in AH group were significantly decreased compared with those in AN group. The proportions of Foxp3+and CD25+cells within the total lymphocyte population were significantly decreased in AH group mice compared with those in AN group mice. Atherosclerosis in an experimental mouse model was correlated with Treg depletion in the lymphoid tissues and plaques, indicating the important antiatherosclerotic role of CD4+CD25+Tregs.Impact statementIn this article, we conclude that Tregs decreased with atherosclerosis (AS) as determined in ApoE knockout mice fed a high fat diet. It is an important matter for understanding the AS pathology.
Endovascular treatment of a dural arteriovenous fistula in a patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome: A case report
Authors: Aoki Rie , Srivatanakul Kittipong , Osada Takahiro , Hotta Kazuko , Sorimachi Takatoshi , Matsumae Mitsunori , Morisaki Hiroko 
Published: January 2017

Background Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a recently recognized autosomal dominant connective tissue disease. The manifestations of LDS include vascular tortuosity, scoliosis, craniosynostosis, aneurysm and aortic dissections. Clinical presentation A 35-year-old woman treated with Stanford type B aortic dissection and breast cancer was referred to us for Borden type II dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) draining to the vein of Galen, involving the midline of tentorium cerebelli. The dAVF was treated successfully by combined transarterial and transvenous embolization. Because of tortuosity of vertebral arteries, a genetic test was conducted confirming LDS type 2. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first case report of dAVF associated with LDS. The relationship between LDS and dAVF is unknown but this report shows the possibility that mutation of transforming growth factor β receptors 2 ( TGFBR2) related to LDS may be related to shunt diseases. Because intervention in LDS seems to be feasible compared to Ehlers Danlos syndrome and Marfan syndrome, it is important to make the correct diagnosis.
Guidelines on eosinophilic esophagitis: evidence‐based statements and recommendations for diagnosis and management in children and adults
Authors: Lucendo Alfredo J , Molina‐Infante Javier , Arias Ángel , von Arnim Ulrike , Bredenoord Albert J , Bussmann Christian , Amil Dias Jorge , Bove Mogens , González‐Cervera Jesús , Larsson Helen , Miehlke Stephan , Papadopoulou Alexandra , Rodríguez‐Sánchez Joaquín , Ravelli Alberto , Ronkainen Jukka , Santander Cecilio , Schoepfer Alain M , Storr Martin A , Terreehorst Ingrid , Straumann Alex , Attwood Stephen E 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is one of the most prevalent esophageal diseases and the leading cause of dysphagia and food impaction in children and young adults. This underlines the importance of optimizing diagnosys and treatment of the condition, especially after the increasing amount of knowledge on EoE recently published. Therefore, the UEG, EAACI ESPGHAN, and EUREOS deemed it necessary to update the current guidelines regarding conceptual and epidemiological aspects, diagnosis, and treatment of EoE.MethodsGeneral methodology according to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used in order to comply with current standards of evidence assessment in formulation of recommendations. An extensive literature search was conducted up to August 2015 and periodically updated. The working group consisted of gastroenterologists, allergists, pediatricians, otolaryngologists, pathologists, and epidemiologists. Systematic evidence‐based reviews were performed based upon relevant clinical questions with respect to patient‐important outcomes.ResultsThe guidelines include updated concept of EoE, evaluated information on disease epidemiology, risk factors, associated conditions, and natural history of EoE in children and adults. Diagnostic conditions and criteria, the yield of diagnostic and disease monitoring procedures, and evidence‐based statements and recommendation on the utility of the several treatment options for patients EoE are provided. Recommendations on how to choose and implement treatment and long‐term management are provided based on expert opinion and best clinical practice.ConclusionEvidence‐based recommendations for EoE diagnosis, treatment modalities, and patients’ follow up are proposed in the guideline.
Combined tibial lengthening and ankle arthrodesis for patients with certain type of sequelae of poliomyelitis
Authors: Wu Chi-Chuan 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: Following far advancement of modern medicine and technology, functional disability in a certain type of sequelae of poliomyelitis may be effectively improved. Methods: Eight consecutive adult patients with unilateral sequelae of poliomyelitis were treated. These patients had shortened lower extremity of an average of 4.8 cm (range, 4.0–5.5 cm) in the lesion side. Muscle power of the ipsilateral knee was nearly intact (grade 4 or 5) but the ankle extension was completely flaccid. The tibia was osteotomized and lengthened with external fixation. Consequently, all external fixators were converted to plates supplemented with autogenous corticocancellous bone graft and bone graft substitute. Ankle arthrodesis was performed concomitantly. Results: Seven patients were followed up for an average of 3.7 years (range, 2.2–5.4 years). All seven lengthened sites healed with an average union time of 3.9 months (range, 3.5–4.5 months) after plating. One ankle infection occurred. Gait function significantly improved by modified Mazur scoring evaluation ( p = 0.02). At the latest follow-up, all patients had a minimal or unnoticed limp in level walking. Conclusion: The described combined techniques may be an excellent alternate for treating selected patients with sequelae of poliomyelitis. The procedure is not complex but the efficiency is extremely prominent.
Treatment for early postoperative esophageal fistula complicated with anterior cervical surgery
Authors: Yuan Haifeng , Ding Huiqiang , Hu Lihong , Buser Zorica , Zhao Haoning , Li Xusheng 
Published: January 2017

Object: To investigate the efficacy of debridement, open drainage, and early feeding to treat early esophageal fistula complicated with anterior cervical surgery. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 3154 patients who had undergone anterior cervical surgeries for cervical vertebra diseases between January 2006 and January 2013, in which eight patients had esophageal fistula with five males and three females. Four patients had cervical spinal injuries and four patients had cervical spondylosis. All of whom had postoperative esophageal fistulas and underwent debridement and drainage. The wounds were left open for natural drainage. No drainage devices were placed in surgical sites, and no gastric tubes were placed after surgeries. Such normal food as rice balls but not liquid or semiliquid diet was recommended. Local pressurization was conducted with fists during feeding to prevent food overflowing from orificium fistulae. Results: Healed esophageal fistulas were achieved in all of the patients after 1–2 weeks treatment. There weren’t recurrent esophageal fistulas and delayed infection found during 2–5 years follow-up. Good swallowing functions and stable cervical vertebrae were achieved in all of the patients. The satisfactory therapeutic effects were achieved in patients with previous neck diseases. Frankel classifications were increased by 1–2 grades in patients with cervical spinal injuries. JOA scores were increased from 9.5 before surgery to 15.5 after surgery in patients with cervical vertebra diseases. Conclusions: Early postoperative esophageal fistula complication after anterior cervical surgery can successfully be treated by debridement, drainage without gastric tube, and with early oral postoperative feeding but without fluids.
How Are We Measuring Patient Satisfaction After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?
Authors: Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Ferraro Richard A. , Schairer William W. , Steinhaus Michael E. , Allen Answorth A. 
Published: January 2017

Background: Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most common orthopaedic operations in the United States. The long-term impact of ACL reconstruction is controversial, however, as longer term data have failed to demonstrate that ACL reconstruction helps alter the natural history of early onset osteoarthritis that occurs after ACL injury. There is significant interest in evaluating the value of ACL reconstruction surgeries. Purpose: To examine the quality of patient satisfaction reporting after ACL reconstruction surgery. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review of the MEDLINE database was performed using the PubMed interface. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines as well as the PRISMA checklist were employed. The initial search yielded 267 studies. The inclusion criteria were: English language, US patient population, clinical outcome study of ACL reconstruction surgery, and reporting of patient satisfaction included in the study. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: A total of 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies comprised a total of 1984 patients with a mean age of 31.9 years at the time of surgery and a mean follow-up period of 59.3 months. The majority of studies were evidence level 4 (n = 18; 81.8%), had a mean Newcastle-Ottawa scale score of 5.5, and were published before 2006 (n = 17; 77.3%); 5 studies (22.7%) failed to clearly describe their method for determining patient satisfaction. The most commonly used method for assessing satisfaction was a 0 to 10 satisfaction scale (n = 11; 50.0%). Among studies using a 0 to 10 scale, mean satisfaction ranged from 7.4 to 10.0. Patient-reported outcome and objective functional measures for ACL stability and knee function were positively correlated with patient satisfaction. Degenerative knee change was negatively correlated with satisfaction. Conclusion: The level of evidence for studies reporting patient satisfaction is low, and the methodologies for reporting patient satisfaction are variable. Additionally, within the past decade there has been a significant decline in the inclusion of this outcome measure within published ACL studies. As sports surgeons are increasingly called on to demonstrate the value of operative procedures, attention should be paid to understanding and reporting patient satisfaction.
Can Grafts Provide Superior Tendon Healing and Clinical Outcomes After Rotator Cuff Repairs?
Authors: Ono Yohei , Dávalos Herrera Diego Alejandro , Woodmass Jarret M. , Boorman Richard S. , Thornton Gail M. , Lo Ian K. Y. 
Published: January 2017

Background: Arthroscopic repair of large to massive rotator cuff tears commonly retear. To improve healing rates, a number of different approaches have been utilized, including the use of grafts, which may enhance the biomechanical and biologic aspects of the repair construct. However, the outcomes after the use of grafts are diverse. Purpose: To systematically review the literature for large to massive rotator cuff tears to determine whether the use of grafts generally provides superior tendon healing and clinical outcomes to the repairs without grafts. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed. Clinical studies comparing the repairs with (graft group) and without grafts (control group) were included and analyzed. The primary outcome was tendon healing on either magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound. The secondary outcome measures included visual analog scale for pain, University of California at Los Angles (UCLA) score, and forward elevation range. Differences between groups in all outcome measures were statistically analyzed. Results: Six comparative studies (level of evidence 2 or 3) with 13 study groups were included. A total of 242 repairs in the graft group (mean age, 62.5 ± 4.6 years) and 185 repairs in the control group (mean age, 62.5 ± 5.0 years) were analyzed. The graft types utilized included autograft (fascia lata) in 1 study, allograft (human dermis) in 2 studies, xenograft (bovine pericardium, porcine small intestine submucosa) in 2 studies, synthetic graft (polypropylene) in 1 study, and a combination of autograft (the long head of biceps) and synthetic graft (polypropylene) in 1 study. The overall mean follow-up time was 28.4 ± 9.0 months. When 1 or 2 studies/study groups were excluded due to practical or statistical reasons, the graft group demonstrated significantly improved healing (odds ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.58-3.90; P < .0001) and all clinical outcome measures at final follow-up ( P ≤ .02). Conclusion: The use of grafts generally provides superior tendon healing and clinical outcomes compared to repairs without grafts, except for some specific graft types (eg, porcine small intestine submucosa, bovine pericardium). Further investigations are required to determine the benefits of the use of grafts.
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified
Authors: Broccoli Alessandro , Zinzani Pier Luigi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPeripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, is a broad category of biologically and clinically heterogeneous diseases that cannot be further classified into any other of the existing entities defined by the World Health Organization classification. Anthracycline-containing regimens, namely cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP), nowadays represent the standard first-line treatment; for patients who achieve a satisfactory response, a consolidation by means of autologous stem cell transplantation may offer a greater chance of long-term survival. Several patients, however, display treatment refractoriness or relapse soon after obtaining a response, and just a few of them are suitable transplant candidates. This is why several new agents, with innovative mechanisms of action, have been investigated in this context: pralatrexate, romidepsin, belinostat, and brentuximab vedotin have been approved for relapsed and refractory peripheral T-cell lymphomas based on their activity, although they do not significantly affect survival rates. The incorporation of such new drugs within a CHOP backbone is under investigation to enhance response rates, allow a higher proportion of patients to be transplanted in remission, and prolong survival.
Activation of PPARγ by endogenous prostaglandin J2 mediates the antileukemic effect of selenium in murine leukemia
Authors: Finch Emily R. , Tukaramrao Diwakar B. , Goodfield Laura L. , Quickel Michael D. , Paulson Robert F. , Prabhu K. Sandeep 
Published: January 2017

Key Points
Endogenous CyPG PGJ2 targets LSCs through PPARγ activation. Selenium supplementation could serve as an adjunct therapy for CML.
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: the many-faced lymphoma
Authors: Lunning Matthew A. , Vose Julie M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAngioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an uncommon subtype of mature peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). The history of AITL is much longer and deeper than the literature would suggest given the many names that have preceded it. Advanced-stage disease is common with uncharacteristic laboratory and autoimmune findings that often slow or mask the diagnosis. Significant strides in the immunohistochemical and molecular signature of AITL have brought increased ability to diagnose this uncommon type of PTCL. The 2016 World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms recently acknowledged the complexity of this diagnosis with the addition of other AITL-like subsets. AITL now resides under the umbrella of nodal T-cell lymphomas with follicular T helper phenotype. Induction strategies continue to focus on increasing complete remission rates that allow more transplant-eligible patients to proceed toward consolidative high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell rescue with improving long-term survival. There are several clinical trials in which recently approved drugs with known activity in AITL are paired with induction regimens with the hope of demonstrating long-term progression-free survival over cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. The treatment of relapsed or refractory AITL remains an unmet need. The spectrum of AITL from diagnosis to treatment is reviewed subsequently in a fashion that may one day lead to personalized treatment approaches in a many-faced disease.
Marker chromosomes can arise from chromothripsis and predict adverse prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Bochtler Tilmann , Granzow Martin , Stölzel Friedrich , Kunz Christina , Mohr Brigitte , Kartal-Kaess Mutlu , Hinderhofer Katrin , Heilig Christoph E. , Kramer Michael , Thiede Christian , Endris Volker , Kirchner Martina , Stenzinger Albrecht , Benner Axel , Bornhäuser Martin , Ehninger Gerhard , Ho Anthony D. , Jauch Anna , Krämer Alwin 
Published: January 2017

Key Points
Marker chromosomes are frequently found in AML, particularly among aneuploid adverse-risk karyotypes and confer a poor prognosis. About one-third of marker and ring chromosome karyotypes arise from chromothripsis.
Detectable clonal mosaicism in blood as a biomarker of cancer risk in Fanconi anemia
Authors: Reina-Castillón Judith , Pujol Roser , López-Sánchez Marcos , Rodríguez-Santiago Benjamín , Aza-Carmona Miriam , González Juan Ramón , Casado José Antonio , Bueren Juan Antonio , Sevilla Julián , Badel Isabel , Català Albert , Beléndez Cristina , Dasí María Ángeles , Díaz de Heredia Cristina , Soulier Jean , Schindler Detlev , Pérez-Jurado Luis Alberto , Surrallés Jordi 
Published: January 2017

Key Points
Fanconi anemia patients have exacerbated cytogenetic clonal mosaicism as detected by molecular karyotyping of blood DNA with SNP assays. Bone marrow clonal abnormalities can be detected in blood DNA and used as biomarkers of cancer risk and poor prognosis.
Long-term consequences of topical dexamethasone treatment during acute corneal HSV-1 infection on the immune system
Authors: Chucair-Elliott Ana J , Carr Meghan M , Carr Daniel J J 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a leading cause of neurotrophic keratitis (NTK). NTK is characterized by decreased corneal sensation from damage to the corneal sensory fibers. We have reported on the regression of corneal nerves and their function during acute HSV-1 infection. That nerve loss is followed by an aberrant process of nerve regeneration during the latent phase of infection that lacks functional recovery. We recently showed the elicited immune response in the infected cornea, and not viral replication itself, is part of the mechanism responsible for the nerve degeneration process after infection. Specifically, we showed infected corneas topically treated with dexamethasone (DEX) significantly retained both structure and sensitivity of the corneal nerve network in comparison to mice treated with control eye drops, consistent with decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and reduced influx of macrophages and CD8+ T cells into the cornea. This study was undertaken to analyze the long-term effect of such a localized, immunosuppressive paradigm (DEX drops on the cornea surface during the first 8 d of HSV-1 infection) on the immune system and on corneal pathology. We found the profound immunosuppressive effect of DEX on lymphoid tissue was sustained in surviving mice for up to 30 d postinfection (p.i.). DEX treatment had prolonged effects, preserving corneal innervation and its function and blunting neovascularization, as analyzed at 30 d p.i. Our data support previously reported observations of an association between the persistent presence of inflammatory components in the latently infected cornea and structural and functional nerve defects in NTK.