bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tipping the Scales: Indiscriminate Use of Interval Scales to Rate Diverse Dysarthric Features
Authors: Stipancic Kaila L. , Whelan Brooke-Mai , Laur Lauren , Zhao Yunxin , Rohl Andrea , Choi Inyong , Kuruvilla-Dugdale Mili 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Error related to incorrect use of rating scales is problematic in the assessment and treatment of dysarthria. The main purpose of this project was to determine scale fit for cardinal speech features of hypokinetic dysarthria. A secondary aim was to determine rater reliability for the two different scales explored.

Method:
Forty-three speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 25 neurologically healthy control talkers were recorded reading sentences from the Speech Intelligibility Test. Twenty-two healthy female listeners used both an equal appearing interval (EAI) scale and a direct magnitude estimation (DME) scale to rate five perceptual speech features (i.e., overall speech severity, articulatory imprecision, reduced loudness, short rushes of speech, and monotony) from these recordings. Regression analyses were used to determine the linearity of the relationship between the means of the EAI and DME ratings. Inter- and intrarater reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients and Spearman's correlation coefficients, respectively, for both EAI and DME ratings.

Results:
There was a linear relationship between EAI and DME means for monotony, indicating it is a metathetic dimension. Curvilinear relationships were observed between the EAI and DME means for the other four features, indicating prothetic dimensions. Intra- and interrater reliability values were similar for EAI and DME ratings.

Discussion:
Overall, results of this work suggest that DME is the best fit for scaling several hypokinetic dysarthria features, and not the conventionally used EAI scale. Prothetic dimensions best scaled by DME include overall speech severity, articulatory imprecision, reduced loudness, and short rushes of speech. Monotony was the only feature found to be a metathetic dimension and would be best scaled using EAI or DME. Findings call for rethinking the widespread use of EAI scales for rating perceptual features as part of the assessment and treatment of motor speech disorders.
Efficient provable dual receiver hybrid and light weight public key schemes based on the discrete logarithm problem without pairings
Authors: Abouelkheir Eman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDual‐receiver proxy re‐encryption is a cryptographic technique that enables secure data sharing among multiple authorized users or entities. It has gained significant attention for its ability to manage access permissions, data confidentiality, and streamline communication channels. These schemes have been widely used in various applications, including healthcare systems, cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, collaborative environments, and secure communication channels. This paper aims to propose two proxy re‐encryption schemes for dual receivers without pairings. The first is dual receiver lightweight proxy re‐encryption without pairings (DR‐LWPRE‐WP), which uses a public key scheme to reduce computational complexity. The second is dual receiver hybrid proxy re‐encryption without pairings (DR‐HPRE‐WP), which incorporates public key and symmetric key schemes. Both schemes offer protection against selected plaintext attacks based on the decisional Diffie‐Hellman principle. The DR‐LWPRE‐WP scheme reduces computation by approximately 53% compared to pairing‐based schemes, making it suitable for lightweight applications like the Internet of Things. The computational efficacy of these schemes offers significant benefits for resource‐constrained environments and practical implementations.
Ship target detection in SAR images based on SimAM attention YOLOv8
Authors: Xu Yuqiao , Du Wei , Deng Lewu , Zhang Yi , Wen Wanli 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeep learning has been widely applied in ship detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery due to their powerful feature representation capabilities. However, YOLOv8 models treat all regions of the image equally during convolutional feature processing, resulting in less‐than‐ideal outcomes. To address this limitation, this study proposes a simple, parameter‐free attention module (SimAM) attention‐based YOLOv8 algorithm for ship detection in SAR images. The proposed algorithm first passes through a backbone network, which incorporates SimAM attention modules. The SimAM attention mechanism successfully allocates the convolutional neural network's 3D weights effectively using an energy function method, without introducing additional parameters. This mechanism enables the network to automatically emphasize key features in the image, enhancing its ability to represent target areas and suppress background interference. Subsequently, deep features are upsampled and fused with relatively shallow features to extract features at three different scales and achieve target detection, ultimately outputting classification and positional information of the targets. The effectiveness of the model on the SAR‐ship‐dataset is experimentally validated achieving an mAP50 value of 97.72% and an mAP50‐95 value of 68.99%, confirming the superiority of the proposed model.
Mapping radial abundance gradients with Gaia-ESO open clusters
Authors: Palla M. , Magrini L. , Spitoni E. , Matteucci F. , Viscasillas Vázquez C. , Franchini M. , Molero M. , Randich S. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Recent evidence from spectroscopic surveys points towards the presence of a metal-poor, young stellar population in the low- α, chemically thin disk. In this context, the investigation of the spatial distribution and time evolution of precise, unbiased abundances is fundamental to disentangle the scenarios of formation and evolution of the Galaxy.
Aims. We study the evolution of abundance gradients in the Milky Way by taking advantage of a large sample of open star clusters, which are among the best tracers for this purpose. In particular, we used data from the last release of the Gaia-ESO survey.
Methods. We performed a careful selection of open cluster member stars, excluding those members that may be affected by biases in spectral analysis. We compared the cleaned open cluster sample with detailed chemical evolution models for the Milky Way, using well-tested stellar yields and prescription for radial migration. We tested different scenarios of Galaxy evolution to explain the data, namely, the two-infall and the three-infall frameworks, which suggest the chemical thin disk is formed by one or two subsequent gas accretion episodes, respectively.
Results. With the performed selection in cluster member stars, we still find a metallicity decrease between intermediate-age (1 < Age/Gyr < 3) and young (Age < 1 Gyr) open clusters. This decrease cannot be explained in the context of the two-infall scenario, even by accounting for the effect of migration and yield prescriptions. The three-infall framework, with its late gas accretion in the last 3 Gyr, is able to explain the low metallic content in young clusters. However, we have invoked a milder metal dilution for this gas infall episode relative to previous findings.
Conclusions. To explain the observed low metallic content in young clusters, we propose that a late gas accretion episode triggering a metal dilution would have taken place, extending the framework of the three-infall model for the first time to the entire Galactic disk.
MAMBO: An empirical galaxy and AGN mock catalogue for the exploitation of future surveys
Authors: López-López X. , Bolzonella M. , Pozzetti L. , Salvato M. , Bisigello L. , Feltre A. , López I. E. , Viitanen A. , Allevato V. , Bongiorno A. , Girelli G. , Buchner J. , Charlot S. , Ricci F. , Schreiber C. , Zamorani G. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Current and future large surveys will produce unprecedented amounts of data. Realistic simulations have become essential for the design and development of these surveys, as well as for the interpretation of the results.
Aims. We present MAMBO, a flexible and efficient workflow to build empirical galaxy and active galactic nucleus (AGN) mock catalogues that reproduce the physical and observational properties of these sources.
Methods. We started with simulated dark matter (DM) haloes, to preserve the link with the cosmic web, and we populated them with galaxies and AGN using abundance matching techniques. We followed an empirical methodology, using stellar mass functions, host galaxy AGN mass functions, and AGN accretion rate distribution functions studied at different redshifts to assign, among other properties, stellar masses, the fraction of quenched galaxies, or the AGN activity (demography, obscuration, multiwavelength emission, etc.).
Results. As a proof test, we applied the method to a Millennium DM lightcone of 3.14 deg2 up to a redshift of z = 10 and down to stellar masses of ℳ ≳ 1075 M⊙. We show that the AGN population from the mock lightcone presented here reproduces with good accuracy various observables, such as state-of-the-art luminosity functions in the X-ray up to z~7 and in the ultraviolet up to z~5, optical/near-infrared colour-colour diagrams, and narrow emission line diagnostic diagrams. Finally, we demonstrate how this catalogue can be used to make useful predictions for large surveys. Using Euclid as a case example, we compute, among other forecasts, the expected surface densities of galaxies and AGN detectable in the Euclid HE band. We find that Euclid might observe (on HE only) about 107 and 8 × 107 type 1 and 2 AGN, respectively, and 2 × 109 galaxies at the end of its 14 679 deg2 Wide survey, in good agreement with other published forecasts.
What Is Culture Made of? An Exploratory Study of Ethical Cultures and Provider Perspectives on the Care of Periviable Neonates
Authors: Adams Shannon Y. , Fry Jessica T. , Henner Natalia 
Published: September 2024

Objective Studies examining intercenter variation in neonatal intensive care unit practices at the limits of fetal viability have hypothesized that institutional “culture” can be one of many factors that impact patient care. This study aimed to describe institutional culture at a single, large academic center with regard to the antenatal consultation, resuscitation, and postnatal management of periviable neonates.
Study Design Members of six clinical groups—attending and fellow maternal–fetal medicine physicians, attending and fellow neonatal–perinatal medicine physicians, neonatal nurses, advanced practiced neonatal nurses, pediatric hospitalist physicians, and neonatal respiratory therapists—were invited to complete qualitative, semi-structured interviews. All audio recordings were transcribed. Dedoose software was used to complete team-based coding and thematic analysis.
Results Twenty-two interviews were completed. Thematic analysis revealed three central themes described by participants as contributory to institutional culture: Perception, referring to factors based on individual attitudes and insights, Statements of Information, referring to factors anchored in more objective concepts such as outcomes data and institutional policy, and Dynamic Factors, referring to the relatively fluid factors of institutional culture that interact with both Perception and Statements of Information. Participants were more likely to mention factors in the Perception category (n = 430) compared with factors in the Information category (n = 225), and although the latter were described as critical components of antenatal counseling and perinatal management, the philosophy of our unit appeared to be more heavily rooted in institutional memory and individual belief systems.
Conclusion Our data demonstrate a personal undertone to institutional culture at the limits of viability, with an emphasis on individual attitudes and subjective interpretations of fact rather than empirical data. As the landscape of neonatology continues to change, understanding those factors that contribute to culture remains a necessary step toward deconstructing institutional belief systems and optimizing clinical care.
Key Points
Polymorphism in the Drug Transporter Gene ABCB1 as a Potential
Disease Modifier in Cortisol-Producing Adrenal Adenomas
Authors: Vogel Frederick , Braun Leah , Vetrivel Sharmilee , Zhang Ru , Zopp Stephanie , Oßwald Andrea , Nowak Elisabeth , Schilbach Katharina , Bidlingmaier Martin , Zimmermann Petra , Beuschlein Felix , Hartmann Michaela , Wudy Stefan , Riester Anna , Reincke Martin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction Endogenous hypercortisolism presents with variable
phenotypes. Etiological factors accounting for the level of hypercortisolism or
varying severity of associated comorbidities are lacking. Recently, the adrenal
ATP-binding cassette B1 (ABCB1) gene was identified as a modulator of
glucocorticoid secretion.
Objective To evaluate the effect of ABCB1
polymorphism rs2032582 on steroid metabolome and clinical phenotypes in patients
with endogenous hypercortisolism.
Methods In this cross-sectional cohort study, 137 patients prospectively
enrolled in the German Cushing’s registry were included (41 with ACTH-producing
pituitary adenoma, 21 with cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma, and 75 with
excluded hypercortisolism). In all patients, ABCB1 polymorphism was analyzed
using a TaqMan genotyping assay, glucocorticoid metabolite excretion in 24-hour
urine samples was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the
clinical phenotype was assessed systematically.
Results In patients with cortisol-producing adrenal adenomas, but not in
patients with ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas, homozygous major allele GG of
ABCB1 polymorphism rs2032582 was associated with higher overall cortisol
metabolite secretion (median 13515 [IQR 10347; 25669] µg/24h vs. 9645 [6146;
10732] µg/24h in minor homo- and heterozygotes, p=0.036) and elevated major
cortisol metabolites αTHF, THF and THE (9339 [6929; 17789] µg/24h vs. 6288
[4184; 7455] µg/24h, p=0.045). Moreover, these patients showed higher mean
arterial pressure (116 [111; 131] mmHg in major homozygotes vs. 105 [96; 112]
mmHg in minor homo- and heterozygotes, p=0.036).
Conclusion The genotype of drug transporter gene ABCB1 rs2032582
polymorphism is associated with the degree of cortisol metabolite secretion in
cortisol-producing adrenal adenomas and could, therefore, represent a modifier
of disease severity in this context.
Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis and Development of a Prediction Model
Authors: Lanting Vincent R. , Takada Toshihiko , Bosch Floris T. M. , Marshall Andrea , Grosso Michael A. , Young Annie M. , Lee Agnes Y. Y. , Di Nisio Marcello , Raskob Gary E. , Kamphuisen Pieter W. , Büller Harry R. , van Es Nick 
Published: September 2024

Background About 7% of patients with cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAT) develop a recurrence during anticoagulant treatment. Identification of high-risk patients may help guide treatment decisions.
Aim To identify clinical predictors and develop a prediction model for on-treatment recurrent CAT.
Methods For this individual patient data meta-analysis, we used data from four randomized controlled trials evaluating low-molecular-weight heparin or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for CAT (Hokusai VTE Cancer, SELECT-D, CLOT, and CATCH). The primary outcome was adjudicated on-treatment recurrent CAT during a 6-month follow-up. A clinical prediction model was developed using multivariable logistic regression analysis with backward selection. This model was validated using internal–external cross-validation. Performance was assessed by the c-statistic and a calibration plot.
Results After excluding patients using vitamin K antagonists, the combined dataset comprised 2,245 patients with cancer and acute CAT who were treated with edoxaban (23%), rivaroxaban (9%), dalteparin (47%), or tinzaparin (20%). Recurrent on-treatment CAT during the 6-month follow-up occurred in 150 (6.7%) patients. Predictors included in the final model were age (restricted cubic spline), breast cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20–0.87), metastatic disease (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.01–2.05), treatment with DOAC (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.44–0.98), and deep vein thrombosis only as an index event (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.31–2.27). The c-statistic of the model was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.54–0.72) after internal–external cross-validation. Calibration varied across studies.
Conclusion The prediction model for recurrent CAT included five clinical predictors and has only modest discrimination. Prediction of recurrent CAT at the initiation of anticoagulation remains challenging.
Merging the Reactivity of (Pseudo)cyclic Hypervalent Iodine Reagents and Carbenes or Carbenoids
Authors: Ramirez Nieves P. , Waser Jerome 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this short review, we present applications merging the reactivity of cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents with carbenes and carbenoids developed in the period 2014–2024. The use of more stable cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents has led to major advances in this area. The combination of iodine(III) chemistry with carbenes or carbenoids enables new disconnections that are not possible using classical reactivity. Both the use of hypervalent iodine compounds as partners in reactions with metal carbenes and as reagents combining the reactivity of iodine(III) and carbenes in a single molecule to give carbyne equivalents are discussed in this review.1	Introduction2	Transfer of Fluorinated Groups (F, CF3)3	Oxy- and Aminoalkyn(en)ylation3.1	Oxy- and Aminoalkynylation with Acceptor-Substituted Diazo	Compounds3.2	Oxyalkenylation with Acceptor-Substituted Diazo Compounds3.3	Oxyalkynylation with Acceptor-Acceptor-Substituted Diazo	Compounds4	Carbyne Equivalents4.1	Diazo-Based Reagents4.2	Sulfur Ylide Based Reagents5	Conclusion
Chemical Profiling, In Silico Pharmacokinetics Analysis and Molecular Docking Study of Phytocompounds of Homeopathy Medicine Echinacea angustifolia Q against Suppurative Bacterial Proteins
Authors: V. Kumaravel , Singh Supriya , Paul Subhrajit , Shaw Niharika , T. Austin Jose 
Published: September 2024

Background Computer-aided drug design is the emerging field for identification of drug action on its target organs. The pharmacokinetic study helps find out drug ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) and drug likeness properties. PyRx software helps with molecular docking of the bioactive compounds on their target organ within a short period of time. In homeopathy, Echinacea angustifolia is one of the most commonly used drugs for microbial infective skin lesions used in internal administration as well as an external application.
Objectives This study was aimed at identifying the compounds present in Echinacea angustifolia Q through liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), ADMET, and drug likeness properties, followed by molecular docking by PyRx software to recognize the interaction between drug compounds against 12 target microbial proteins of commonly infective suppurative bacteria.
Materials and Methods An analysis of the phytoconstituents of Echinacea angustifolia Q was performed using the Agilent 1290 Infinity LC system coupled to the Agilent 6545 Accurate Mass Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (QTOF) with Agilent Jet Stream Thermal Gradient Technology. In silico ADMET and drug likeness properties were assessed by free online tools, followed by a detailed docking study by PyRx software. The drug compounds with the lower glide docking score are considered to have the best binding affinity.
Result The five compounds of Echinacea angustifolia Q satisfy all properties of ADMET and drug likeness. The three compounds of Echinacea angustifolia Q have low glide score of >-7.0 kcal/mol against the three microbial target proteins of Salmonella enterica, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus.
Conclusion Echinacea angustifolia Q has fulfilled the ADMET and drug-likeness properties for internal administration as well as external application for various suppurative bacterial infective disorders, which were confirmed through molecular docking. Therefore, Echinacea angustifolia Q may function as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of illnesses associated with antimicrobial resistance.
The Prevalence and Awareness of Congenital External Ear Deformity among the School-Age Group: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alshehri Ali Abdullah , Al Hadi Asaiel Mubarak , Alyami Lama Hassan Ahmed , Al Sulaiman Ibrahim Nasser , Al Hadi Enas Mubarak , Al Hareth Saleh Yahya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction and Purpose Congenital outer ear deformities stem from a sequence of disturbances during fetal auricular cartilage embryonic development. A significant gap exists in understanding their prevalence among the school-age group in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study aims to address this knowledge gap to raise awareness about the impact of such disorders.
Methodology This cross-sectional study targeted parents of children in the school-age group. A multistage cluster sampling technique was employed to ensure the representation of schools. A self-administered Google form survey was used. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).
Results Our study revealed that the majority were males (56.2%), aged 6 to 10 years (49.3%), and attended primary school (69.5%). Chronic illnesses were present in 7.1% of children, with hearing impairment most prevalent (25.9%). Congenital ear deformities affected 2.7% of children, primarily Stahl's ear (35.4%). Limited knowledge about these deformities was observed among respondents (30.3%), yet a significant majority (73.9%) expressed belief in the potential of community awareness to decrease deformity prevalence. The awareness levels were impacted by parental education but showed no significant association with the child's age, gender, or presence of chronic diseases.
Conclusion Our study underscores the noteworthy occurrence of congenital ear deformities among the school-age group, coupled with a notable lack of awareness. Parental education emerges as a key factor influencing awareness levels. It is imperative to prioritize initiatives to bolster awareness and early detection to promote child health.