bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic effects of Lactobacillus reuteriDSM 17938 in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mobini Reza , Tremaroli Valentina , Ståhlman Marcus , Karlsson Fredrik , Levin Max , Ljungberg Maria , Sohlin Maja , Bertéus Forslund Heléne , Perkins Rosie , Bäckhed Fredrik , Jansson Per‐Anders 
Published: December 2016

AimsTo investigate the metabolic effects of 12‐week oral supplementation with
Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy.Materials and methodsIn a double‐blind trial, we randomized 46 people with type 2 diabetes to placebo or a low (108 CFU/d) or high dose (1010 CFU/d) of
L. reuteri DSM 17938 for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the effect of supplementation on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary endpoints were insulin sensitivity (assessed by glucose clamp), liver fat content, body composition, body fat distribution, faecal microbiota composition and serum bile acids.ResultsSupplementation with
L. reuteri DSM 17938 for 12 weeks did not affect HbA1c, liver steatosis, adiposity or microbiota composition. Participants who received the highest dose of
L. reuteri exhibited increases in insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and serum levels of the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA) compared with baseline, but these differences were not significant in the between‐group analyses. Post hoc analysis showed that participants who responded with increased ISI after
L. reuteri supplementation had higher microbial diversity at baseline, and increased serum levels of DCA after supplementation. In addition, increases in DCA levels correlated with improvement in insulin sensitivity in the probiotic recipients.ConclusionsIntake of
L. reuteri DSM 17938 for 12 weeks did not affect HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy; however,
L. reuteri improved insulin sensitivity in a subset of participants and we propose that high diversity of the gut microbiota at baseline may be important.
Efficacy, safety and albuminuria‐reducing effect of gemigliptin in Korean type 2 diabetes patients with moderate to severe renal impairment: A 12‐week, double‐blind randomized study (the GUARD Study)
Authors: Yoon Sun A. , Han Byoung G. , Kim Sung G. , Han Sang Y. , Jo Young I. , Jeong Kyung H. , Oh Kook H. , Park Hyeong C. , Park Sun H. , Kang Shin W. , Na Ki R. , Kang Sun W. , Kim Nam H. , Jang Young H. , Shin Seong H. , Cha Dae R. 
Published: December 2016

AimsThis multicentre, randomized, double‐blind study investigated the efficacy and safety of gemigliptin in Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with moderate to severe renal impairment (RI).MethodsThe study comprised a 12‐week main part and a 40‐week extension. We report here the results from the main part. In total, 132 patients were randomized to receive gemigliptin (n = 66) or placebo (n = 66). Changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; primary endpoint), other glycaemic control parameters (fasting plasma glucose, glycated albumin and fructosamine), lipid profiles, renal function parameters and safety profiles were evaluated.ResultsBaseline characteristics were comparable between the groups (mean HbA1c, 8.4% [68 mmol/mol]; age, 62.0 years; duration of type 2 diabetes, 16.3 years; estimated glomerular filtration rate, 33.3 mL/min/1.73 m2). At Week 12, the adjusted mean change ± standard error in HbA1c with gemigliptin was −0.82% ± 0.14% (−8.9 ± 1.5 mmol/mol), whereas it was 0.38% ± 0.14% (4.2 ± 1.5 mmol/mol) with placebo (significant between‐group difference,
P
< .001). Other glycaemic control parameters showed beneficial changes as well. Body weight change (gemigliptin, −0.3 kg; placebo, −0.2 kg) was not significant. In the gemigliptin group, the mean decrease in urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) was significant, both in patients with microalbuminuria (−41.9 mg/g creatinine,
P
= .03) and macroalbuminuria (−528.9 mg/g creatinine,
P
< .001). Drug‐related adverse events were similar with gemigliptin and placebo (15% and 12%, respectively).ConclusionsA 12‐week treatment with gemigliptin improved glycaemic control and provided UACR reduction in T2DM patients with moderate to severe RI. Gemigliptin was well tolerated, with no additional risk of hypoglycaemia and change in body weight.
The effects of atrasentan on urinary metabolites in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
Authors: Pena Michelle J. , de Zeeuw Dick , Andress Dennis , Brennan John J. , Correa‐Rotter Ricardo , Coll Blai , Kohan Donald E. , Makino Hirofumi , Perkovic Vlado , Remuzzi Giuseppe , Tobe Sheldon W. , Toto Robert , Parving Hans‐Henrik , Sharma Shoba , Corringham Tom , Sharma Kumar , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. 
Published: December 2016

We assessed the effect of atrasentan therapy on a pre‐specified panel of 13 urinary metabolites known to reflect mitochondrial function in patients with diabetic kidney disease. This post‐hoc analysis was performed using urine samples collected during the RADAR study which was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial that tested the effects of atrasentan on albuminuria reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. At baseline, 4 of the 13 metabolites, quantified by gas‐chromatography mass spectrometry, were below detectable levels, and 6 were reduced in patients with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. After 12 weeks of atrasentan treatment in patients with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, a single‐value index of the metabolites changed by −0.31 (95%CI −0.60 to −0.02;
P
= .035), −0.08 (−12 to 0.29;
P
= .43) and 0.01 (−0.21 to 0.19;
P
= .913) in placebo, atrasentan 0.75 and 1.25 mg/d, respectively. The metabolite index difference compared to placebo was 0.13 (−0.17 to 0.43;
P
= .40) and 0.35 (0.05‐0.65;
P
= .02) for atrasentan 0.75 and 1.25 mg/d, respectively. These data corroborate previous findings of mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes, nephropathy and eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, suggesting that atrasentan may prevent the progression of mitochondrial dysfunction common to this specific patient population. Future studies of longer treatment duration with atrasentan are indicated.
Immunoglobulin A: magic bullet or Trojan horse?
Authors: Heineke Marieke H. , van Egmond Marjolein 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundNeutrophils participate in the first line of defense by executing several killing mechanisms, including phagocytosis, degranulation and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Additionally, they can orchestrate the adaptive immune system by secreting cytokines and chemokines. Opsonization with antibodies aids in the recognition of pathogens, via binding to Fc receptors on the neutrophil surface. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody at mucosal sites and has multiple functions in homeostasis and immunity. Neutrophils and IgA can interact via the IgA Fc receptor Fc?RI (CD89), leading to pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory responses.AimsThe aim of this review is to give a concise overview of the interplay between IgA, Fc?RI and neutrophils and to explore potential therapies for autoimmune diseases and cancer.ResultsCrosslinking of FcαRI by IgA‐immune complexes yields potent neutrophil activation and pro‐inflammatory effector functions, including the recruitment of neutrophils. This can lead to neutrophil accumulation and tissue destruction during IgA‐autoantibody mediated diseases. Conversely, for cancer treatment, the myriad of powerful neutrophil effector functions after targeting FcαRI may contribute to effective immunotherapy.ConclusionBy interfering with or actively promoting the interaction between IgA and FcαRI, therapies for multiple maladies could be developed
Remittances and incumbency: Theory and evidence
Authors: Ahmed Faisal Z. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBy raising household income, remittances lower the marginal utility of targeted electoral transfers, thus weakening the efficacy of vote buying. Yet, remittances make individuals wealthier and believe the national economy is performing well, which is positively attributed to the incumbent. Building on these insights, I show that the confluence of these divergent channels generate a surprising result that at increasingly higher levels of dissatisfaction with the incumbent, a remittance recipient is more likely to vote for the incumbent than a non‐remittance recipient. These predictions and their underlying mechanisms are substantiated across 18 Latin American countries.
The impact of socio‐economic factors on treatment choice and mortality in chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Larfors Gunnar , Sandin Fredrik , Richter Johan , Själander Anders , Stenke Leif , Lambe Mats , Höglund Martin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the influence of socio‐economic variables on treatment selection and survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML).MethodsUsing information available in population‐based Swedish registries, we evaluated indices of health, education and economy from the 980 patients in the SwedishCMLregister diagnosed between 2002 and 2012. Apart from internal comparisons, five age‐, gender‐ and region‐matched control subjects per patient served as control cohort. Median follow‐up time fromCMLdiagnosis was 4.8 years.ResultsAmong patients withCML, low personal or household income, short education, living alone, poor performance status and high age (>60 years) were significantly associated with an inferior survival (in univariate analyses). However, similar findings were noted also in the matched control group, and in comparisons adjusted for calendar year, age and performance status, socio‐economic variables were not significantly associated withCMLsurvival. Meanwhile, both education and income were independently linked toTKItreatment overall and to upfront treatment with second‐generationTKIs.ConclusionsIn conclusion, socio‐economic conditions were associated with survival in the studiedCMLcohort but these associations could be explained by differences at baseline. Meanwhile, socio‐economic conditions appeared to influence treatment choice.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in China, Singapore and Japan: a comparison with the USA
Authors: Koelman D. L. H. , Benkeser D. C. , Xu Y. , Neo S. X. , Tan K. , Katsuno M. , Sobue G. , Natsume J. , Chahin S. , Mar S. S. , Venkatesan A. , Chitnis T. , Hoganson G. M. , Yeshokumar A. K. , Barreras P. , Majmudar B. , Carone M. , Mateen F. J. 
Published: December 2016

Background and purposeEthnicity‐related differences in the incidence of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and other demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders have been reported. Little is reported on the influence of ethnicity and geographical location in ADEM.MethodsMedical records of patients who presented with ADEM (ICD‐9 323.61 and 323.81) at large referral hospitals in China, Singapore and Japan (years 1992–2015) were retrospectively reviewed and data were collected in a centralized database. Presenting features and outcomes of ADEM were compared between this multi‐country Asian cohort and a uniformly collected US cohort using risk differences and risk ratios. Both cohorts were standardized to a 35% pediatric population to facilitate the comparison.ResultsThere were 83 Asian patients (48 male, 16 pediatric) followed for a median of 2 (25th–75th percentile 1–10) months. Asian patients exhibited a 26% higher prevalence of spinal cord involvement on magnetic resonance imaging [95% confidence interval (CI) 0–52%; P = 0.05; 63% vs. 37%], a 39% lower prevalence of preceding events (95% CI 12–65%; P < 0.01; 33% vs. 72%) and a 23% lower prevalence of corpus callosum involvement (95% CI 7–39%; P < 0.01; 8% vs. 31%). No difference was observed between the two cohorts in the probability of relapse over the first year after disease onset.ConclusionsIt is hypothesized that the high proportion of Asian patients with spinal cord lesions relates to genetic vulnerability or the higher incidence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in Asia or could be a spurious association. ADEM presentations most probably vary across geographical settings or ethnicities.
Deep gray matter atrophy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hyun J.‐W. , Park G. , Kwak K. , Jo H.‐J. , Joung A. , Kim J.‐H. , Lee S. H. , Kim S. , Lee J.‐M. , Kim S.‐H. , Kim H. J. 
Published: December 2016

Background and purposeWe investigated changes in deep gray matter (DGM) volume and its relationship to cognition and clinical factors in a large cohort of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and compared them with results from multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsBrain magnetic resonance imaging (3 Tesla) and clinical data from 91 patients with NMOSD, 52 patients with MS and 44 healthy controls (HCs) were prospectively evaluated. Differences in DGM volumes were compared among groups. The relationships between DGM atrophy and clinical variables were also analysed.ResultsPatients with NMOSD exhibited significantly reduced thalamic volumes compared with HCs (P = 0.029), although this atrophy was less severe than that seen in patients with MS (P < 0.001). DGM atrophy was restricted to the thalamus in NMOSD, but it was broadly distributed in MS. Patients with NMOSD with cognitive impairment (CI) exhibited more severe thalamic atrophy than those with cognitive preservation (P = 0.017) and HCs (P = 0.003), whereas patients with MS with CI revealed DGM atrophy across the entire structure, with the exception of the bilateral pallidum, left hippocampus and amygdala, relative to HCs. The Expanded Disability Status Scale score was correlated with thalamic atrophy in both NMOSD and MS. Patients with NMOSD with brain lesions demonstrated more severe thalamic atrophy than did those without brain lesions and HCs (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe DGM atrophy was less severe and more selectively distributed in NMOSD than in MS. Thalamic atrophy was associated with clinical disability, including CI, in both NMOSD and MS.
Evidence for a differential interaction of brivaracetam and levetiracetam with the synaptic vesicle 2A protein
Authors: Wood Martyn D. , Gillard Michel 
Published: December 2016

SummaryObjectiveBrivaracetam (BRV) and levetiracetam (LEV) are effective antiepileptic drugs that bind selectively to the synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) protein. However, BRV differs from LEV in that it exhibits more potent and complete seizure suppression in animal models including in amygdala‐kindled mice, where BRV afforded nearly complete seizure suppression. This raises the possibility that aside from potency differences, BRV and LEV may interact differently with the SV2A protein, which is not apparent in radioligand‐binding competition studies. In this study, we used a recently identified SV2A allosteric modulator, UCB1244283, that appears to induce conformational changes in SV2A, to probe the binding properties of labeled BRV and LEV.MethodsRadioligand binding studies were carried out using [3H]BRV and [3H]LEV. Studies were performed in membranes from both recombinant cells expressing human SV2A protein and human brain tissue.ResultsThe modulator increased the binding of both radioligands but by different mechanisms. For [3H]BRV, the increase was driven mainly by an increase in affinity, whereas for [3H]LEV, the increase was due to an increase in the number of apparent binding sites. Kinetic studies confirmed this differential effect.SignificanceThese studies suggest that LEV and BRV may act at different binding sites or interact with different conformational states of the SV2A protein. It is possible that some of the pharmacologic differences between BRV and LEV could be due to different interactions with the SV2A protein.
Patient expectations for management of chronic non‐cancer pain: A systematic review
Authors: Geurts Jose W. , Willems Paul C. , Lockwood Craig , van Kleef Maarten , Kleijnen Jos , Dirksen Carmen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain is a major economic and social health problem. Up to 79% of chronic pain patients are unsatisfied with their pain management. Meeting patients’ expectations is likely to produce greater satisfaction with care. The challenge is to explore patients’ genuine expectations and needs. However, the term expectation encompasses several concepts and may concern different aspects of health‐care provision.ObjectiveThis review aimed to systematically collect information on types and subject of patients’ expectations for chronic pain management.Search strategyWe searched for quantitative and qualitative studies. Because of the multidimensional character of the term “expectations,” the search included subject headings and free text words related to the concept of expectations.Data extraction and synthesisA framework for understanding patients’ expectations was used to map types of expectations within structure, process or outcome of health care.Main resultsTwenty‐three research papers met the inclusion criteria: 18 quantitative and five qualitative. This review found that assessment of patients’ expectations for treatment is mostly limited to outcome expectations (all 18 quantitative papers and four qualitative papers). Patients generally have high expectations regarding pain reduction after treatment, but expectations were higher when expressed as an ideal expectation (81‐93% relief) than as a predicted expectation (44‐64%).Discussion and conclusionsFor health‐care providers, for pain management and for pain research purposes, the awareness that patients express different types of expectations is important. For shared decision making in clinical practice, it is important that predicted expectations of the patient are known to the treating physician and discussed.Structure and process expectations are under‐represented in our findings. However, exploring and meeting patients’ expectations regarding structure, process and outcome aspects of pain management may increase patient satisfaction.
Empathic processes during nurse–consumer conflict situations in psychiatric inpatient units: A qualitative study
Authors: Gerace Adam , Oster Candice , O'Kane Deb , Hayman Carly L. , Muir‐Cochrane Eimear 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEmpathy is a central component of nurse–consumer relationships. In the present study, we investigated how empathy is developed and maintained when there is conflict between nurses and consumers, and the ways in which empathy can be used to achieve positive outcomes. Through semistructured interviews, mental health nurses (n = 13) and consumers in recovery (n = 7) reflected on a specific conflict situation where they had experienced empathy, as well as how empathy contributed more generally to working with nurses/consumers. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, utilizing a framework that conceptualizes empathy experiences as involving antecedents, processes, and outcomes. The central theme identified was ‘my role as a nurse – the role of my nurse’. Within this theme, nurses focussed on how their role in managing risk and safety determined empathy experienced towards consumers; consumers saw the importance of nurse empathy both in conflict situations and for their general hospitalization experience. Empathy involved nurses trying to understand the consumer's perspective and feeling for the consumer, and was perceived by consumers to involve nurses ‘being there’. Empathic relationships built on trust and rapport could withstand a conflict situation, with empathy a core component in consumer satisfaction regarding conflict resolution and care. Empathy allows the maintenance of therapeutic relationships during conflict, and influences the satisfaction of nurses and consumers, even in problematic situations. Nurse education and mentoring should focus on nurse self‐reflection and building empathy skills in managing conflict.
Evaluation of pit‐and‐fissure sealants placed with four different bonding protocols: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Khare Manasi , Suprabha Baranya Shrikrishna , Shenoy Ramya , Rao Arathi 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundApplication of adhesive after acid etching may increase the retention of pit‐and‐fissure sealants and improve clinical effectiveness.AimsTo clinically evaluate the retention, marginal discoloration and caries incidence of pit‐and‐fissure sealants applied using four bonding protocols: conventional acid etching, etch‐and‐rinse adhesive, multimode universal adhesive and self‐etch adhesive used after acid etching.DesignIn this split‐mouth design study, the four adhesive protocols were randomly assigned to the four erupted, non‐carious first permanent molars and involved 52 patients between 6 and 10 years of age. The sealants were evaluated at 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month intervals. Statistical analysis was carried out using Friedman test and Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsAt 12 months, the retention rate was maximum in etch‐and‐rinse and universal adhesive groups (77.1%) followed by self‐etch adhesive (58.3%) and conventional acid etching group (45.8%). Dental caries was observed only in one tooth, and marginal discoloration was found to be the highest in conventional group and least in etch‐and‐rinse group.ConclusionsUse of adhesives during pit‐and‐fissure sealant application does not significantly enhance sealant retention nor decrease marginal discoloration. Etch‐and‐rinse adhesive is advantageous only at short term.
Data quality problems undermine analyses of endotherm upper critical temperatures
Authors: McKechnie Andrew E. , Coe Brittney H. , Gerson Alexander R. , Wolf Blair O. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn an analysis of avian and mammalian thermal tolerances recently published in this journal, Khaliq et al. () reported that endotherm thermal niches are phylogenetically conserved in tropical, but not temperate, regions. However, closer examination of the data upon which this analysis was based reveals that many of the upper critical temperature (UCT) data are not valid. Approximately 55% and 42% of avian and mammalian UCT data, respectively, originated from studies in which animals were not exposed to air temperatures high enough to elicit an increase in metabolic rate above minimum levels; the cited UCT values are merely the highest air temperatures at which measurements took place. An additional 18% and 25% of avian and mammalian UCT data, respectively, represent values based on just one individual per species and/or measurements at too few air temperatures above the thermoneutral zone (TNZ) to reliably estimate the UCT.
A prospective study of the association between total sleep duration and incident hypertension
Authors: Yadav Dhananjay , Hyun Dae Sung , Ahn Song Vogue , Koh Sang‐Baek , Kim Jang Young 
Published: December 2016

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate total sleep duration as a potential risk factor for the development of hypertension after a mean of 2.6 years of follow‐up. The study participants comprised 1715 Korean adults aged 40 to 70 years. The participants were without hypertension at baseline (2005–2008) and during follow‐up (2008–2011) to determine the incident cases of hypertension. Based on a self‐reported questionnaire, the individuals were stratified according to total sleep duration (<6 hours, 6–7.9 hours, 8–9.9 hours, ≥10 hours). Hypertension was defined according to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) guidelines. After an average of 2.6 years of follow‐up, 164 (9.56%) participants developed hypertension. In multivariate adjusted models, the odds ratio for new‐onset hypertension was 1.71 (95% confidence interval, 1.01–2.89) in participants with a short sleep duration (<6 hours) compared with those who reported 6 to 7.9 hours of sleep. Long sleep duration (more than 8 hours) did not have any significant difference on incident hypertension. Among middle‐aged and elderly Korean adults, short sleepers were independently associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension.