bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confluent Modeling of Heterogeneous Safety and Operational I&C Systems
Authors: Parekh Mithil , Gao Yuan , Jockenhoevel-Barttfeld Mariana , Waedt Karl 
Published: October 2017

Individual systems or groups of systems related to the safety and operational I&C, and Electrical Systems (ES) are gradually replaced in existing Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) as part of modernization projects. Modernizations are usually scheduled over multiple years. Different automation platform generations and safety-related product families are deployed to progressively replace legacy systems. Typically, each of the new I&C platforms and products have their own set of engineering tools.
One challenge for the modernization of installed systems is the safety and security approval of these heterogeneous systems by regulatory bodies. A NPP consists of systems manufactured by different vendors which target different application domains, like Category A according to IEC 61226 for a Reactor Protection System, Category C for some Control Room Data Processing Systems or non-classified for auxiliary systems. Thus, replacing a legacy system by introducing a new one might bring in unknown risks, especially when the new system has more complex interfaces, e.g. when replacing an analog system by a digital system. Moreover, considering the time and budget limitations, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and software are also involved in modernization projects. In contrast to specialized equipment, vulnerabilities for COTS are widespread. On the other hand, existing security measures/mitigations are also required to reflect the system’s changes, e.g. mitigations for known vulnerabilities of COTS systems.
In order to make an overall and integrated safety analysis after a system change in the frame of a modernization project, it is necessary to jointly consider these I&C systems targeting different application domains, in addition to the physical aggregates, like sensors, pumps and valves that interact with the physical processes.
The restrictive deployment of wireless technologies may also be modeled and analyzed. While wireless is not deployed by legacy systems, it is being covered by new nuclear IEC standards, as some utilities intend to simplify selected I&C maintenance procedures that involve temporary data collection. The key modeling concepts consider new developments in the critical infrastructure and industrial automation domain. With the integrated modeling approach, different disciplines can be addressed, like probabilistic and deterministic safety analyses, security assessments, need for testing and specialized trainings.
Development of Instrumentation and Control Systems for UK ABWR
Authors: Naito Itsuki , Koyamada Taisuke , Yamamoto Keisuke , Igarashi Kingo , Harada Hideo , Suzuki Hirotsugu 
Published: October 2017

This paper introduces the Instrumentation and Control (I&C) system for the proposed UK Advanced Boiling Water Reactor (UK ABWR) offered by Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd (Hitachi-GE). Hitachi-GE has been progressing the UK Generic Design Assessment (GDA) licensing process over the last 3 years. This is the process through which the Office for Nuclear Regulations (ONR) assesses the UK ABWR for suitability from a nuclear safety, security, environmental protection and waste management perspective and it is the first step towards proceeding with the construction phase in the UK.
ONR’s regulatory expectations setting out relevant good practice are described in the Safety Assessment principles (SAPs), which are considered into the I&C design for UK ABWR. In addition, it has also been designed to take into account relevant good practices and regulations.
In accordance with expectations derived from SAPs, the UK ABWR I&C systems are categorized and classified as required by IEC 61513 and IEC 61226. In addition, the overall I&C architecture, including all associated Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs), abides by the principles independence and diversity of safety measures, segregation and separation of the protection and control systems.
As a result, the UK ABWR I&C architecture is composed of major eight sub-systems. The eight sub-systems are:
-Safety System Logic and Control system (SSLC)
-Hardwired Backup System (HWBS)
-Safety Auxiliary Control System (SACS)
-Plant Control System (PCntlS)
-Reactor/Turbine Auxiliary Control System (RTACS)
-Plant Computer System (PCS)
-Severe Accident Control and Instrumentation system (SA C&I)
-Other dedicated C&I systems.
The features for each sub-system such as redundancy of safety train or segregation among divisions are specified so that each sub-system will achieve its reliability as well as increase availability.
While in the Japanese ABWR safety I&C system, the main protection system (SSLC), is microprocessor-based from the decades of successful operating experience in the past BWR, to meet the UK regulatory regime expectation on diversity between Class 1 platform and non-Class 1 platform, the SSLC (Class 1) for the UK ABWR is by Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This system is currently under development and complies with IEC 62556. Its safety integrity level is planned to be SIL 3 (as a single division) and SIL 4 (as a four division system) as defined in IEC 61508.
The HMIs which constitute an integral part of the I&C systems are also designed to comply with the I&C architecture regarding their categorization and classification with consideration of Human Factors (HF) modern methods taken into accounts.
Optimization Design Based on Human Factors V&V of Human System Interfaces in Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Xiaoyang Ming , Shiguang Deng , Xingwei Jiang 
Published: October 2017

The main control room, the monitor and control center of nuclear plant, integrates quantities of Human System Interfaces (HSIs), with which, the operators maintain the plant running safely and effectively under different working conditions[1]. Human Factors Verification and Validation (HF V&V) is one of the twelve elements of a Human Factor Engineering (HFE) program according to NUREG-0711. Research on V&V methods has been carried out for years, however, the V&V implementation in domestic nuclear power plants looks forward to being consummated.
For HPR1000, the third generation of nuclear power technology with China’s self-owned independent intellectual property right[2], HF V&V activities include HSI HFE Design Verification (DV), HSI Task Support Verification (TSV), Partial Validation (PV), Integrated System Validation (ISV) and Human Engineering Discrepancy (HED) management. The V&V methods introduced in this paper gives an executable and effective way to evaluate whether the design conforms to HFE design principles and that the adequacy of the HSIs enable plant personnel to successfully perform their tasks and other operational goals, assuring plant safety. With these methods, plenty of suggestions based on the HEDs generated from different V&V activities are applied into the design of HSIs, and afterwards, an optimization for the main control room of HPR1000 will be achieved.
Investigation of Transient Flow and Heat Transfer for Passive Nuclear Reactor Direct Safety Injection
Authors: Weng Yu , Liu Lang , Jiang Yang , Gu Hongfang , Wang Haijun 
Published: October 2017

This paper describes a transient flow and heat transfer characteristics for a 1400MW passive pressurized-water reactor (PWR) direct vessel injection (DVI) system in different accident transient processes. The study components include reactor pressure vessel and a series reactor internal such as core barrel and radiation surveillance capsules, the flow channel include downcomer and lower plenum. Furthermore, the inject device is designed with special structures: first, a venturi type tube nozzle is connected to pressure vessel, second, a flow deflector is arranged in the downcomer which is facing the nozzle. This special structures will make the flow mixing and heat transfer very complicate and hard to predict. This study considers characteristics of the loops temperature and flow rate for both injection loop and reactor cold leg loop which are continuous change and long duration.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used in this study. Before this study, the physical model and numerical method are verified by an independent scaled model experiment. In this real reactor scale study, two typical accident transient processes are analyzed in this study, and temperature distribution on both reactor vessel and reactor internals are obtained. According to results analysis, the characteristics of heat distribution in downcomer were obtained: The injection fluid which is supposed to flow to core barrel is driven to the side of reactor vessel by the reflector. With the injection fluid flows in downcomer, the injection flow shape comes to a triangle. In addition, the transient results show that correlation degree of temperature distribution and injection flow character is gradually decreased with the increase of time history for passive injection.
Overall, the exercise complements the activities in reactor safety analysis areas in understanding the origins of thermal load in reactor vessel, and being able to quantify them. Results of this study can be directly used by analyzing of reactor fatigue mechanics. (CSPE)
The Enigmatic Genome of an Obligate Ancient Spiroplasma Symbiont in a Hadal Holothurian
Authors: He Li-Sheng , Zhang Pei-Wei , Huang Jiao-Mei , Zhu Fang-Chao , Danchin Antoine , Wang Yong 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Protective symbiosis has been reported in many organisms, but the molecular mechanisms of the mutualistic interactions between the symbionts and their hosts are unclear. Here, we sequenced the 424-kbp genome of “
Candidatus
Spiroplasma holothuricola,” which dominated the hindgut microbiome of a sea cucumber, a major scavenger captured in the Mariana Trench (6,140 m depth). Phylogenetic relationships indicated that the dominant bacterium in the hindgut was derived from a basal group of
Spiroplasma
species. In this organism, the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of amino acids, glycolysis, and sugar transporters were lost, strongly suggesting endosymbiosis. The highly decayed genome consists of two chromosomes and harbors genes coding for proteolysis, microbial toxin, restriction-methylation systems, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), composed of three
cas
genes and 76 CRISPR spacers. The holothurian host is probably protected against invading viruses from sediments by the CRISPRs/Cas and restriction systems of the endosymbiotic spiroplasma. The protective endosymbiosis indicates the important ecological role of the ancient
Spiroplasma
symbiont in the maintenance of hadal ecosystems.

IMPORTANCE
Sea cucumbers are major inhabitants in hadal trenches. They collect microbes in surface sediment and remain tolerant against potential pathogenic bacteria and viruses. This study presents the genome of endosymbiotic spiroplasmas in the gut of a sea cucumber captured in the Mariana Trench. The extreme reduction of the genome and loss of essential metabolic pathways strongly support its endosymbiotic lifestyle. Moreover, a considerable part of the genome was occupied by a CRISPR/Cas system to provide immunity against viruses and antimicrobial toxin-encoding genes for the degradation of microbes. This novel species of
Spiroplasma
is probably an important protective symbiont for the sea cucumbers in the hadal zone.
Transcriptional Activities of the Microbial Consortium Living with the Marine Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacterium Trichodesmium Reveal Potential Roles in Community-Level Nitrogen Cycling
Authors: Lee Michael D. , Webb Eric A. , Walworth Nathan G. , Fu Fei-Xue , Held Noelle A. , Saito Mak A. , Hutchins David A. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Trichodesmium
is a globally distributed cyanobacterium whose nitrogen-fixing capability fuels primary production in warm oligotrophic oceans. Like many photoautotrophs,
Trichodesmium
serves as a host to various other microorganisms, yet little is known about how this associated community modulates fluxes of environmentally relevant chemical species into and out of the supraorganismal structure. Here, we utilized metatranscriptomics to examine gene expression activities of microbial communities associated with
Trichodesmium erythraeum
(strain IMS101) using laboratory-maintained enrichment cultures that have previously been shown to harbor microbial communities similar to those of natural populations. In enrichments maintained under two distinct CO
2
concentrations for ∼8 years, the community transcriptional profiles were found to be specific to the treatment, demonstrating a restructuring of overall gene expression had occurred. Some of this restructuring involved significant increases in community respiration-related transcripts under elevated CO
2
, potentially facilitating the corresponding measured increases in host nitrogen fixation rates. Particularly of note, in both treatments, community transcripts involved in the reduction of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide were detected, suggesting the associated organisms may play a role in colony-level nitrogen cycling. Lastly, a taxon-specific analysis revealed distinct ecological niches of consistently cooccurring major taxa that may enable, or even encourage, the stable cohabitation of a diverse community within
Trichodesmium
consortia.

IMPORTANCE
Trichodesmium
is a genus of globally distributed, nitrogen-fixing marine cyanobacteria. As a source of new nitrogen in otherwise nitrogen-deficient systems, these organisms help fuel carbon fixation carried out by other more abundant photoautotrophs and thereby have significant roles in global nitrogen and carbon cycling. Members of the
Trichodesmium
genus tend to form large macroscopic colonies that appear to perpetually host an association of diverse interacting microbes distinct from the surrounding seawater, potentially making the entire assemblage a unique miniature ecosystem. Since its first successful cultivation in the early 1990s, there have been questions about the potential interdependencies between
Trichodesmium
and its associated microbial community and whether the host's seemingly enigmatic nitrogen fixation schema somehow involved or benefited from its epibionts. Here, we revisit these old questions with new technology and investigate gene expression activities of microbial communities living in association with
Trichodesmium
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Rathayibacter toxicus Phage NCPPB3778
Authors: Schneider William L. , Sechler Aaron J. , Rogers Elizabeth E. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

The phage NCPPB3778 was isolated from
Rathayibacter toxicus
strain CS14, and the genomic DNA was sequenced. The genome is similar to siphoviruses, consisting of 44,520 bases including 77 predicted open reading frames. Portions of the genome are annotated as typical phage proteins, but much of the genome sequence is unique from other bacteriophages.
First Complete Genome Sequence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain SO-1977 Isolated from Khartoum, Sudan
Authors: Mohamed Sofia B. , Ali Mohamed S. , Alamir Faisal M. , Alyas Tahani B. , Ahmed Abdallah E. , Seed Almeen O. , Omer Rihab A. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
is increasingly becoming resistant to most antibiotics and consequently has become a challenging public health problem in Sudan. The present study documented the first complete genome sequence of strain SO-1977, isolated from a contaminated wound in Sudan.
Genome Sequences of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Strains Isolated in South Africa, Namibia, and Turkey
Authors: Zivcec Marko , Albarino Cesar G. , Guerrero Lisa I. W. , Ksiazek Thomas G. , Nichol Stuart T. , Swanepoel Robert , Rollin Pierre E. , Spiropoulou Christina F. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
We report here the full-length sequences of 16 historical isolates of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) obtained in Turkey, Namibia, and South Africa. The strains may be useful for future work to develop molecular diagnostics or viral evolution studies.
Genome Sequence of an Endophytic Fungus, Fusarium solani JS-169, Which Has Antifungal Activity
Authors: Kim Jung A , Jeon Jongbum , Park Sook-Young , Kim Ki-Tae , Choi Gobong , Lee Hyun-jung , Kim Yangsun , Yang Hee-sun , Yeo Joo-Hong , Lee Yong-Hwan , Kim Soonok 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

An endophytic fungus,
Fusarium solani
strain JS-169, isolated from a mulberry twig, showed considerable antifungal activity. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain. The assembly comprises 17 scaffolds, with an
N
50
value of 4.93 Mb. The assembled genome was 45,813,297 bp in length, with a G+C content of 49.91%.
Characterization of Two
Bovine viral diarrhea virus
Strains Originating from Cattle in Tibet, China
Authors: Luo Runbo , Wei Xiaoqin , Zhou Hongbo , Sizhu Suolang 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report two strains of
Bovine viral diarrhea virus
(BVDV), named XZ01 and XZ02, that were isolated from cattle in Tibet, China. They belong to subgenotype 1b. This report will help in understanding the molecular characteristics of BVDV in Tibetan cattle.
Metagenomic Analysis of Microbial Diversity in Landfill Lysimeter Soil of Ghazipur Landfill Site, New Delhi, India
Authors: Gupta Juhi , Rathour Rashmi , Kumar Madan , Thakur Indu Shekhar 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
We report the soil microbial diversity and functional aspects related to degradation of recalcitrant compounds, determined using a metagenomic approach, in a landfill lysimeter prepared with soil from Ghazipur landfill site, New Delhi, India. Metagenomic analysis revealed the presence and functional diversity of complex microbial communities responsible for waste degradation.
Complete Genome Sequence of Serotype III Streptococcus agalactiae Sequence Type 17 Strain 874391
Authors: Sullivan Matthew J. , Forde Brian M. , Prince Darren W. , Ipe Deepak S. , Ben Zakour Nouri L. , Davies Mark R. , Dougan Gordon , Beatson Scott A. , Ulett Glen C. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Here we report the complete genome sequence of
Streptococcus agalactiae
strain 874391. This serotype III isolate is a member of the hypervirulent sequence type 17 (ST-17) lineage that causes a disproportionate number of cases of invasive disease in humans and mammals. A brief historical context of the strain is discussed.
Genome Sequences of Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Kentucky Sequence Type 152 Isolated from Dairy Cows in the United States
Authors: Haley Bradd J. , Luo Yan , Wang Charles , Brown Eric , Allard Marc , Karns Jeffrey S. , Van Kessel Jo Ann S. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Kentucky (
S.
Kentucky) is frequently isolated from dairy cows in the United States, but is an infrequent cause of human salmonellosis. To investigate the genomic features of
S
. Kentucky strains isolated from a single dairy farm, the genomes of eight isolates were sequenced and added to the public domain.
Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Typhimurium Q1
Authors: Eichhorn Inga , Tedin Karsten , Fulde Marcus 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Typhimurium strain Q1. The draft genome contains 4,793,493 bp in 149 contigs.
Engineering Diagnostic and Therapeutic Gut Bacteria
Authors: Landry Brian P. , Tabor Jeffrey J. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Genetically engineered bacteria have the potential to diagnose and treat a wide range of diseases linked to the gastrointestinal tract, or gut. Such engineered microbes will be less expensive and invasive than current diagnostics and more effective and safe than current therapeutics. Recent advances in synthetic biology have dramatically improved the reliability with which bacteria can be engineered with the sensors, genetic circuits, and output (actuator) genes necessary for diagnostic and therapeutic functions. However, to deploy such bacteria
in vivo
, researchers must identify appropriate gut-adapted strains and consider performance metrics such as sensor detection thresholds, circuit computation speed, growth rate effects, and the evolutionary stability of engineered genetic systems. Other recent reviews have focused on engineering bacteria to target cancer or genetically modifying the endogenous gut microbiota
in situ
. Here, we develop a standard approach for engineering “smart probiotics,” which both diagnose and treat disease, as well as “diagnostic gut bacteria” and “drug factory probiotics,” which perform only the former and latter function, respectively. We focus on the use of cutting-edge synthetic biology tools, gut-specific design considerations, and current and future engineering challenges.
Improving a process to obtain hepatitis B serology among patients treated with infliximab at a large urban children’s hospital
Authors: Jean M Raphaelle , Weaver Ann , Mastin-Diebold Teresa , Kissinger Krista , Smitherman Emily A , Favier Leslie , Danziger-Isakov Lara , Williams Elizabeth , Brady Rebecca C , Huggins Jennifer , Denson Lee A , Saeed Shehzad A , Morgan Pamela , Dykes Dana Michelle Hines 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundHepatitis B infection is a significant public health challenge despite improvements in vaccination efforts. Patients such as those on chronic immunosuppressive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or rheumatic disease may incur greater risk. The risk of reactivation of hepatitis B while on immunosuppressive therapy may have mortality rates up to 25%. These patients should be screened for acute or chronic infection and vaccinated if necessary. Our aim was to reliably complete hepatitis B screenings in patients receiving infliximab at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC).MethodsEligible patients included all patients with gastroenterology (GI) IBD and rheumatology receiving infliximab between October 2015 and March 2016. Using quality improvement methodology and the ‘plan–do–study–act’ (PDSA) approach, interventions centred around education of clinical providers, previsit planning and the development of ‘talking points’ for patients.ResultsAn initial screen of the IBD population revealed that 48% of the IBD patient population had been screened for anti-HBs alone, but no patients from GI or rheumatology divisions had a complete set of hepatitis B serology prior to the intervention including anti-Hep B Core and Hep B Surface Antigen. Seven PDSA cycles were performed during the 32-week intervention period, resulting in an increase in patients screened from 0% to ~85%. By March 2016, a total of 251 patients (201 GI, 50 rheumatology) had up-to-date hepatitis B serology screening. Automated ordering of the hepatitis B serology and ‘talking points’ for the provider had the greatest impact on successful screening.ConclusionsWe developed a method to obtain hepatitis B serology on at-risk patients on infliximab within two subspecialty divisions within a large children’s hospital. Next steps will be to develop a process to reliably provide vaccines for patients who are seronegative, expand this process to all patients who are identified as immunocompromised within GI and rheumatology and then expand this process to other divisions at the CCHMC.