bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical scattering methods for the label-free analysis of single biomolecules
Authors: Gordon Reuven , Peters Matthew , Ying Cuifeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Single-molecule techniques to analyze proteins and other biomolecules involving labels and tethers have allowed for new understanding of the underlying biophysics; however, the impact of perturbation from the labels and tethers has recently been shown to be significant in several cases. New approaches are emerging to measure single proteins through light scattering without the need for labels and ideally without tethers. Here, the approaches of interference scattering, plasmonic scattering, microcavity sensing, nanoaperture optical tweezing, and variants are described and compared. The application of these approaches to sizing, oligomerization, interactions, conformational dynamics, diffusion, and vibrational mode analysis is described. With early commercial successes, these approaches are poised to have an impact in the field of single-molecule biophysics.
A Quiet Convergence of Interests: Makassar as an Emporium for Chinese Trade, 1613–1669
Authors: Holroyd Ryan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article describes the evolution of the commercial connections between China and the southern Sulawesian port of Makassar from the beginning of the seventeenth century until 1669, when the Dutch Vereenigde Oost Indische Compagnie conquered Makassar. It attempts to show that these connections went through several transformations. Initially direct Chinese shipping supplied Makassar with Chinese goods, but this direct trade lasted only about a decade. However, commerce carried by Macanese ships and trade in Indochinese ports that were frequented by both Sulawesian and Chinese vessels maintained the commercial connection. This connection in its different forms allowed Makassar to act as an entrepôt that supplied Chinese goods and Japanese copper to more distant parts of Southeast Asia, especially those in the eastern Indonesian archipelago. The article concludes by arguing that after the conquest of Makassar, Banjarmasin in southern Borneo developed as a new regional entrepôt connecting China to the eastern archipelago.
From Piracy to Mechanization: The Atlantic Logwood Trade, 1550–1775
Authors: Dodge Cameron J. G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Logwood, a dyestuff extracted from its namesake tree native to the Yucatán Peninsula, was a commodity valued in the textile centres of early modern Europe. The trade in logwood began as an extractive endeavour attempted by merchants and former pirates on the margins of Spanish colonial authority, but by the late eighteenth century it had expanded to become a wide-reaching activity with connections to broader trends on both sides of the Atlantic. In the New World, the trade's growth fuelled Anglo-Spanish imperial rivalries and led to the introduction of slave labour to harvest dwindling logwood stands. The ecological consequences of human exchange also spread logwood's range to Caribbean islands, turning a frontier trade into a domesticated plantation industry. In the Old World, logwood was a versatile dye source that contributed to a range of hues. Initial regulations to protect consumers eased as dyers improved the quality of logwood dyes. The logwood trade expanded global textile supply chains and brought innovation to Europe's proto-industrial textile industry. It gave the continent's dyers new ways to meet consumer demand and spurred the development of mechanical methods to expedite refining.
Spatiotemporal risk of human brucellosis under intensification of livestock keeping based on machine learning techniques in Shaanxi, China
Authors: Shen Li , Jiang Chenghao , Weng Fangting , Sun Minghao , Zhao Chenxi , Fu Ting , An Cuihong , Shao Zhongjun , Liu Kun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As one of the most neglected zoonotic diseases, brucellosis has posed a serious threat to public health worldwide. This study is purposed to apply different machine learning models to improve the prediction accuracy of human brucellosis (HB) in Shaanxi, China from 2008 to 2020, under livestock husbandry intensification from a spatiotemporal perspective. We quantitatively evaluated the performance and suitability of ConvLSTM, RF, and LSTM models in epidemic forecasting, and investigated the spatial heterogeneity of how different factors drive the occurrence and transmission of HB in distinct sub-regions by using Kernel Density Analysis and Shapley Additional Explanations. Our findings demonstrated that ConvLSTM network yielded the best predictive performance with the lowest average RMSE of 13.875 and MAE values of 18.393. RF model generated an underestimated outcome while LSTM model had an overestimated one. In addition, climatic conditions, intensification of livestock keeping and socioeconomic status were identified as the dominant factors that drive the occurrence of HB in Shaanbei Plateau, Guanzhong Plain, and Shaannan Region, respectively. This work provided a comprehensive understanding of the potential risk of HB epidemics in Northwest China driven by both anthropogenic activities and natural environment, which can support further practice in disease control and prevention.
Precision game engineering through reshaping strategic payoffs
Authors: Eshoa Elie , Zomorrodi Ali R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNash equilibrium is a key concept in game theory fundamental for elucidating the equilibrium state of strategic interactions, with applications in diverse fields such as economics, political science, and biology. However, the Nash equilibrium may not always align with desired outcomes within the broader system. This article introduces a novel game engineering framework that tweaks strategic payoffs within a game to achieve a pre-defined desired Nash equilibrium while averting undesired ones. Leveraging mixed-integer linear programming, this framework identifies intricate combinations of players and strategies and optimal perturbations to their payoffs that enable the shift from undesirable Nash equilibria to more favorable ones. We demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of our approach on games of varying complexity, ranging from simple prototype games such as the Prisoner’s Dilemma and Snowdrift games with two or more players to complex game configurations with up to $${10}^{6}$$

10

6

entries in the payoff matrix. These studies showcase the capability of this framework in efficiently identifying the alternative ways of reshaping strategic payoffs to secure desired Nash equilibria and preclude undesired equilibrium states. Our game engineering framework offers a versatile toolkit for precision strategic decision-making with far-reaching implications across diverse domains.
The role of losses in determining hyperbolic material figures of merit
Authors: Jackson E. M. , Tischler J. G. , Ratchford D. C. , Ellis C. T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUniaxial materials have achieved new prominence in photonics because they can have hyperbolic spectral regions with metallic (ε<0) and dielectric (ε>0) permittivities along different crystal axes. In the lossless case, this results in an open hyperboloid dispersion relation, allowing materials to support highly confined modes with extremely large wavevectors. However, even small losses change the character of the hyperbolic dispersion from open hyperboloids to closed surfaces with finite maximum k, significantly limiting the extent to which highly-confined modes can be achieved. Here, we derive a simple analytic formula for the dispersion relation in the presence of loss and show that for some typical materials the maximum wavevector in hyperbolic materials is roughly ten times the free-space. The scaling of the maximum wavevector is derived, and it is shown that there is a universal scaling relation between the propagation length and the wavelength, which implies that the shortest wavelengths in any hyperbolic material are strongly attenuated.
Longitudinal weight and plantar pressure distribution while standing after tibial or malleolar fractures in patients with or without fracture union
Authors: Warmerdam Elke , Baumgartner Sonja , Pohlemann Tim , Ganse Bergita 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFracture healing is usually monitored by clinical impressions and radiographs. Objective and easy methods for assessing fracture healing without radiation would be beneficial. The aim of this study was to analyse whether weight and plantar pressure while standing can be used to monitor healing of tibial or malleolar fractures and whether these parameters can discriminate between patients with and without union. Thirteen patients were longitudinally assessed during each postoperative clinical visit, of whom two developed a nonunion. Eleven matched healthy controls were assessed once. Additionally, five patients already experiencing nonunion were assessed once at the time of their nonunion diagnosis. All participants performed a standing task for ten seconds with pressure-sensing insoles. Greatest improvements were detected throughout the first three months in patients with union. However, six months after surgery, more than half of the parameters were still significantly different from those of the controls. The weight and pressure distributions did not differ between patients with or without union six months after surgery. A standing task can be used to monitor improvements in weight and pressure distribution throughout the healing process of tibial or malleolar fractures, but lacks potential to discriminate between patients with or without fracture union.
Cavity-magnon-polariton spectroscopy of strongly hybridized electro-nuclear spin excitations in LiHoF4
Authors: Yang Yikai , Babkevich Peter , Gaal Richard , Živković Ivica , Rønnow Henrik M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe first present a formalism that incorporates the input-output formalism and the linear response theory to employ cavity-magnon-polariton coupling as a spectroscopic tool for investigating strongly hybridized electro-nuclear spin excitations. A microscopic relation between the generalized susceptibility and the scattering parameter $$|S_{11}|$$

|

S
11

|

in strongly hybridized cavity-magnon-polariton systems has been derived without resorting to semi-classical approximations. The formalism is then applied to both analyze and simulate a specific systems comprising a model quantum Ising magnet ($$\hbox {LiHoF}_4$$

LiHoF
4

) and a high-finesse 3D re-entrant cavity resonator. Quantitative information on the electro-nuclear spin states in $$\hbox {LiHoF}_4$$

LiHoF
4

is extracted, and the experimental observations across a broad parameter range were numerically reproduced, including an external magnetic field traversing a quantum critical point. The method potentially opens a new avenue not only for further studies on the quantum phase transition in $$\hbox {LiHoF}_4$$

LiHoF
4

but also for a wide range of complex magnetic systems.
Identification of SLC31A1 as a prognostic biomarker and a target for therapeutics in breast cancer
Authors: Fu Hongtao , Dong Shanshan , Li Kun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCopper-induced cell death is regulated through protein lipoylation, which is critical for gene expression and phenotypic regulation. Neverless, the role of Cuproptosis-related genes in breast cancer (BC) remains unknown. This study aimed to construct a prognostic signature based on the expression of Cuproptosis-related genes in order to guide the diagnosis and treatment for BC. Cuproptosis-related genes prognostic signature has ata of 1250 BC tissues and 583 normal breast tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx), and GEO GSE65212. The prognostic signature was established and evaluated with nineteen Cuproptosis-related genes. A series of in silico analyses based on SLC31A1, included expression analysis, independent prognostic analysis, correlation analysis, immune-related analysis and survival analysis. Finally, a series of cell experiments (including quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot), and mice experiments were applied to evaluate the impact of SLC31A1 on BC. Cuproptosis-related genes prognostic signature has good predictive promising for survival in BC patients. We discovered that SLC31A1SLC31A1 was overexpressed in BC and was its independent prognostic factor. High expression of the SLC31A1 was correlated with poor prognosis and immune infiltrating of BC. SLC31A1 expression is associated with immune, chemotherapeutic and targeted therapy outcomes in BC. The proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of Her2 + enriched BC cells were decreased by SLC31A1 knockdown, also resulting in a decrease in tumor volume in mouse model. SLC31A1 is a candidate biomarker or therapeutic target in precision oncology, with diagnostic and prognostic significance in BC.
A refined TTC assay precisely detects cardiac injury and cellular viability in the infarcted mouse heart
Authors: Ding Zheheng , Liu Xueqing , Jiang Hongyan , Zhao Jianfeng , Temme Sebastian , Bouvain Pascal , Alter Christina , Rafii Puyan , Scheller Jürgen , Flögel Ulrich , Zhu Hongtao , Ding Zhaoping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHistological analysis with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining is the most frequently used tool to detect myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, its practicality is often challenged by poor image quality in gross histology, leading to an equivocal infarct-boundary delineation and potentially compromised measurement accuracy. Here, we introduce several crucial refinements in staining protocol and sample processing, which enable TTC images to be analyzed with light microscopy. The refined protocol involves a two-step TTC staining process (perfusion and immersion) and subsequent Zamboni fixation to differentiate myocardial viability and necrosis, and use of Coomassie brilliant blue to label area-at-risk. After the duo-staining steps were completed, the heart sample was embedded and sliced transversally by a cryostat into a series of thin sections (50 µm) for microscopic analysis. The refined TTC (redTTC) assay yielded remarkably high-quality images with striking color intensity and sharply defined boundaries, permitting unambiguous and reliable delineation of the infarct and area-at-risk. In the same animals, the redTTC assay showed good agreement with the in-vivo gold standard measurements (LGE and MEMRI). Meanwhile, redTTC imaging allows tracking of viable cardiomyocytes at cellular resolution, and with this enhanced capability, we convincingly demonstrated the pro-survival action of stem cells based-therapy. Therefore, the redTTC assay represents a significant technical advance that permits precise detection of the true extent of cardiac injury and cardiomyocyte viability. This approach is cost-effective and may be adapted for use in diverse applications, making it highly appealing to many laboratories performing ischemia/reperfusion injury experiments.
On your terms or mine: pigs’ response to imposed gentle tactile contact vs. free form interaction with a familiar human
Authors: Truong Suzanne , Schmitt Oceane , Rault Jean-Loup 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPositive human–animal interactions (HAIs) can be intrinsically rewarding and facilitate positive human–animal relationships. However, HAI paradigms vary across studies, and the influence of different interaction paradigms on the animal’s response has been overlooked. We compared the behavioural responses of pigs (n = 28) individually tested with two types of gentle tactile interactions with a familiar human: ‘free form (FF)’ where the pig could voluntarily approach and interact as they normally would, and ‘imposed contact (IC)’ where the human imposed tactile contact on the pig according to a standardised protocol. Pigs did not differ in their level of engagement with the human between the two types of interactions. However, they differed in their behaviour as they explored the pen more during the FF test, while they emitted more low-pitched vocalisations (grunts) during the IC test. These differences can likely be imputed to the IC test differing to the pigs’ habituation to human contact, which could have evoked greater attention to the human or triggered frustration due to violation of expectation. These findings highlight the influence of the predictability of the interaction or level of agency provided to the animal in HAI tests and relation to their previous experience of interacting.
Deep learning improves physician accuracy in the comprehensive detection of abnormalities on chest X-rays
Authors: Anderson Pamela G. , Tarder-Stoll Hannah , Alpaslan Mehmet , Keathley Nora , Levin David L. , Venkatesh Srivas , Bartel Elliot , Sicular Serge , Howell Scott , Lindsey Robert V. , Jones Rebecca M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chest X-rays are the most commonly performed medical imaging exam, yet they are often misinterpreted by physicians. Here, we present an FDA-cleared, artificial intelligence (AI) system which uses a deep learning algorithm to assist physicians in the comprehensive detection and localization of abnormalities on chest X-rays. We trained and tested the AI system on a large dataset, assessed generalizability on publicly available data, and evaluated radiologist and non-radiologist physician accuracy when unaided and aided by the AI system. The AI system accurately detected chest X-ray abnormalities (AUC: 0.976, 95% bootstrap CI: 0.975, 0.976) and generalized to a publicly available dataset (AUC: 0.975, 95% bootstrap CI: 0.971, 0.978). Physicians showed significant improvements in detecting abnormalities on chest X-rays when aided by the AI system compared to when unaided (difference in AUC: 0.101, p < 0.001). Non-radiologist physicians detected abnormalities on chest X-ray exams as accurately as radiologists when aided by the AI system and were faster at evaluating chest X-rays when aided compared to unaided. Together, these results show that the AI system is accurate and reduces physician errors in chest X-ray evaluation, which highlights the potential of AI systems to improve access to fast, high-quality radiograph interpretation.
Thermal solutions of strongly magnetized disks and the hysteresis in X-ray binaries
Authors: Scepi Nicolas , Dexter Jason , Begelman Mitchell C. , Marcel Grégoire , Ferreira Jonathan , Petrucci Pierre-Olivier 
Published: October 2024

Context. X-ray binaries (XRBs) exhibit a spectral hysteresis for luminosities in the range 10−2 ≲ L/LEdd ≲ 0.3, with a hard X-ray spectral state that persists from quiescent luminosities up to ≳0.3LEdd, transitioning to a soft spectral state that survives with decreasing luminosities down to ∼10−2LEdd.
Aims. We present a possible approach to explain this behavior based on the thermal properties of a magnetically arrested disk simulation.
Methods. By post-processing the simulation to include radiative effects, we solved for all the thermal equilibrium solutions as the accretion rate, Ṁ, varies during the XRB outburst.
Results. For an assumed scaling of the disk scale height and accretion speed with temperature, we find that two solutions exist in the range of 10−3 ≲ Ṁ/ṀEddington ≲ 0.1 at r = 8 rg (4 × 10−2 ≲ Ṁ/ṀEddington ≲ 0.5 at r = 3 rg): a cold, optically thick solution, and a hot, optically thin one. This opens the possibility of a natural thermal hysteresis in the right range of luminosities for XRBs. We stress that our scenario for the hysteresis does not require us to invoke the strong advection-dominated accretion flow principle, nor does it require the magnetization of the disk to change during the XRB outburst. In fact, our scenario requires a highly magnetized disk in the cold soft state to reproduce the transition from soft to hard state at the right luminosities. Our scenario therefore predicts a jet, although possibly very weakly dissipative, in the soft state of XRBs. We also predict that if active galactic nuclei have similar hysteresis cycles and are strongly magnetized, they undergo a transition from soft to hard state at much lower L/LEdd than XRBs.
Eine Applikation für mobile Endgeräte als Entscheidungshilfe für die
Bekämpfung und Prophylaxe der bovinen Fasciolose
Authors: Haubold Charlott-Sophie , van der Meijden Chris , Adler Friedemann , Rieger Anna , Zablotski Yury , Knubben-Schweizer Gabriela 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel In Anlehnung an in der Humanmedizin eingesetzten
Gesundheitsapplikationen zum Selbstmanagement von chronischen Krankheiten, war
es das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung, eine mobile App in der Tiermedizin am
Beispiel einer Entscheidungshilfe für die Bekämpfung und Prophylaxe der bovinen
Fasciolose auf Milchrinderbetrieben zu evaluieren.
Material und Methode Die Studie wurde auf 37 ökologisch wirtschaftenden
Milchrinderbetrieben in Bayern durchgeführt. Die Betriebe wurden in 2 Gruppen
geteilt: Eine Gruppe erhielt als Entscheidungshilfe eine mobile App (n=17),
während die andere Gruppe eine ausgedruckte Broschüre (n=20) mit identischem
Inhalt erhielt. Zu Beginn der Studie wurden alle Teilnehmenden telefonisch u. a.
zu ihrem Betrieb befragt. Im Anschluss an die Nutzung des jeweiligen Tools
wurden die Teilnehmenden wiederum telefonisch zum verwendeten Hilfsmittel
befragt.
Ergebnisse Dem Großteil der Teilnehmenden waren zu Beginn der Untersuchung
die Möglichkeiten einer Drainage (n=28; 75,7%) und einer Auszäunung von
Feuchtstellen (n=36; 97,3%) bekannt. Ein Weiderotationssystem gaben 37,8% (n=14)
an, zu kennen. Nach der Nutzung beschrieben die meisten Teilnehmenden das
Hilfsmittel als hilfreich (94,1% App; 80% Broschüre). Viele Teilnehmende
(App-Gruppe: n=10 [58,8%], Broschüren-Gruppe: n=16 [80%]) erklärten, aufgrund
der neu gewonnenen Erkenntnisse eine Veränderung ihres Vorgehens vornehmen zu
wollen, z. B. die Einführung eines Weiderotationssystems (App-Gruppe: n=9
[52,9%], Broschüren-Gruppe: n=13 [65,0%]).
Schlussfolgerung Beide Studiengruppen arbeiteten gern mit dem von ihnen
verwendeten Hilfsmittel. Sie sahen das durch die mobile App bzw. die Broschüre
vermittelte Wissen als hilfreich und nützlich an. Die meisten Teilnehmenden
äußerten den Wunsch, diese Hilfsmittel zukünftig weiterhin im
Tiergesundheitsmanagement auf den Höfen zu verwenden.
Klinische Relevanz Der Einsatz von Hilfsmitteln wie mobile Apps kann die
tierärztliche Beratung z. B. beim Management von Parasitosen in Rinderbeständen
ergänzen.