bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actividades de investigación en las áreas del plan de estudio de la carrera de medicina de una Universidad Ecuatoriana
Authors: Hernández--Navarro Marlene Isabel , Panunzio-Rodríguez Amelia Patricia , Fernández-Hernández Claudia Patricia 
Published: October 2024

La investigación junto a la docencia y la vinculación constituyen los procesos sustantivos que rigen la académica en una institución de educación superior en el Ecuador Las actividades de investigación desarrolladas en la carrera de Medicina deben estar encaminadas a promover e incentivar la productividad científica de una universidad.. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir las actividades de investigación desarrolladas en la carrera de medicina de una universidad ecuatoriana. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 117 docentes y 236 estudiantes del área básica y profesionalizante de la carrera de medicina. Para recolectar la información se aplicó una encuesta a los docentes constituida por 19 preguntas cerradas y una encuesta a los estudiantes constituida por 14 preguntas con el objetivo de conocer su percepción sobre las actividades de investigación desarrolladas en la carrera de Medicina. Ambos instrumentos contaron con la escala tipo Likert. Se obtuvo como resultado que tanto los docentes como los estudiantes coinciden en que se debe fortalecer la integración de la investigación con la materia que imparte el docente, así como lograr una mayor interacción con los actores externos. Se concluye que existe una necesidad en la carrera de Medicina de incrementar las actividades de investigación como por ejemplo las capacitaciones en Metodología de investigación científica a los estudiantes y elaborar artículos, ponencias, informes de investigación, entre otros.
Má DMA regulatorní a/nebo soutěžní „DNA“?
Authors: Bejček Josef 
Published: October 2024

Součástí tzv. digitálního balíčku Evropské komise je i nařízení o digitálních trzích (DMA), jež se v plném rozsahu prosazuje od března 2024. Jde o průlomovou předběžnou regulaci chování provozovatelů velkých digitálních platforem, založenou na automatických (per-se) kasuistických zákazech určitých praktik v závislosti na rozhodnutí Komise o statusu provozovatelů jakožto tzv. strážců vstupu (gatekeepers). Tato dopředná regulatorní metoda se pokládá za včasnější a účinnější pro funkčnost a férovost digitálních trhů v porovnání s dříve uplatňovanou následnou kontrolou chování velkých provozovatelů platforem, založenou na vymáhání zákazu zneužití dominantního postavení na trhu. Převládl názor, že soutěžně právní ochrana je na platformách ovládnutých již dnes digitálními obry pozdní a nedostatečná. Jasná a přesná pravidla obsažená v DMA přitom jsou založena na reflexi dřívější evropské kasuistiky zákazu zneužití dominance ve smyslu soutěžního práva. DMA sice přinese zvýšení transparentnosti a právní jistoty, ale vytvoří přirozeně i prostor pro obcházení taxativně stanovených jednotlivých per-se zákazů a příkazů, na rozdíl od obecných standardů chování podle soutěžního práva. Článek informuje o hlavních principech úpravy a komentuje některé právně politické tenze s ní spojené. Rozebírá kontroverzní možnost souběhu dvojího postihu podle DMA a podle práva soutěžního a kriticky hodnotí přísný zákaz tzv. sebezvýhodňování strážců vstupu podle DMA. Vyslovuje obavy ze zmrazovacího efektu plošné úpravy, jež kromě eliminace nekalých praktik velkých provozovtelů digitálních platforem může podvázat jejich inovační dynamiku, a tím i konkurenční trhy. Zdůvodňuje se nutnost uvážlivého přístup k této delikátní regulaci a pokorné sebereflexe. Regulatorní tlak Komise by měl být zdrženlivý a postupný při hledání optimání regulatorní polohy.
Kyai Leadership Management Model in Improving Quality Performance of Educators and Education Personnel in Islamic Boarding Schools Ibnussabil Santan Tengah
Authors: Anggraini Selvia , Barizi Ahmad 
Published: October 2024

The Kyai leadership model in Islamic boarding schools plays a major role in improving the performance of educators and education personnel. As a leader, at least he must be able to influence, motivate, protect, and guide his subordinates to have significant performance quality. Thus, optimal performance is directly proportional to the institution's success in achieving its vision, mission, and goals. This study was conducted to find out how the Kyai leadership management model is carried out at the Ibnussabil Santan Tengah Islamic Boarding School in improving the quality of performance of educators and education personnel from a philosophical perspective. The research method uses a qualitative approach by describing the leadership management model used in improving the quality of performance of educators and education personnel, in this case, interviews and documentation are the data collection techniques. The results of the study showed that there is no best leader model because all types of leadership must be used according to the situation or circumstances to improve the quality of performance of educators and education personnel effectively.

Keywords: Leadership Management Model, Performance of Educators, and Education Staff
Character Education Values in The Book of Jāmi'ul Ulūm Wal Hikam and Its Relevance to Commendable Morals in Madrasahs
Authors: Ilmiansyach Ridho , Ulum Mohammad Samsul 
Published: October 2024

The hadeeths in the book of Jāmi'ul ulūm wal hikam contain many character values that can be applied to learning commendable morals in the Madrasahs. Studying character values from the hadeeths of the Prophet Muhammad is very important to understand their practical application in learning commendable morals in Madrasahs. This research aims to describe the character values in the hadeeths in the book of jāmi'ul ulūm wal hikam and their relevance to the material of commendable morals in Madrasahs based on KMA No. 183 of 2019. This research aims to identify and describe the character values in the book of Jāmi'ul ulūm wal hikam and its relevance to the material of commendable morals in Madrasahs. This research uses a library research method and qualitative paradigm with a semantic approach to describe the character values in the book of Jāmi'ul ulūm wal hikam. Data collection techniques include reviewing literature, books, notes, and reports on the topics. The analysis technique used in this research is content analysis to describe the character values in the book of Jāmi'ul ulūm wal hikam. Then, the research results are relevant to Madrasahs's moral material. The results show seventeen character values in the book of jāmi'ul ulūm wal hikam. These values are sincerity, wara', affection, restraint of speech, self-control, kindness to animals, humility, shame, istiqāmah, cleanliness, patience, generosity, obedience, zuhud, helpfulness, honesty, and tawakal. The character values of sincerity, obedience, istiqāmah, and patience are relevant to all commendable moral materials in Madrasahss as companion character values in each commendable moral material. Twelve character values apply to the material of commendable morals in the related values: sincerity, affection, restraint of speech, kindness to animals, humility, istiqāmah, cleanliness, patience, obedience, helpfulness, honesty, and tawakal.

Keywords: Character Value, The Book of Jāmi’ul Ulūm Wal Hikam, Moral Materials
The Effectiveness of Al-Ta'hil Al-Fiqhiy Method in Improving the Cognitive Ability of STIBA Makassar Students
Authors: Sirajuddin Sirajuddin , Dahmayanti Andi , Nur Sri Reski Wahyuni 
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of the Al-Ta’hῑl Al-Fiqhῑy learning approach in enhancing students' cognitive capabilities at STIBA Makassar. A true experiment with a posttest-only control group design was employed to assess the substantial impact of the method on students in their seventh semester. The findings of this study indicate that implementing the Al-Ta’hῑl Al-Fiqhῑy method markedly enhanced students' cognitive abilities. The calculated value of Cohen's d reached 1.26, indicating a huge effect size with a probability of 81.4% that the observed difference is due to the intervention and not other confounding factors. Moreover, the results of Cohen's U3 test demonstrated that 89.7% of students in the experimental group exhibited higher cognitive scores than those in the control group. These findings suggest that the Al-Ta’hῑl Al-Fiqhῑy method represents an effective alternative for enhancing the quality of education and fostering deeper comprehension in the field of fiqh.

Keywords: Effectiveness, Al-Ta’hῑl Al-Fiqhῑy Method, Cognitive Ability.
Implementation of Role-Playing Strategies in Increasing Maharah Kalam in State Universities
Authors: Chairani Ully Shifa , Fitriani Laily 
Published: October 2024

Maharah Kalam learning in PKPBA at the Faculty of Science and Technology. Arabic learning activities for five consecutive days, from Monday to Friday, make students bored and tired. So, to minimize these problems, variations, and innovations applied by teachers are needed to encourage students to be more communicative in using Arabic. The goal of this study is to understand how the implementation of role-playing strategies (Role Play) improves Maharah Kalam. This study is descriptive qualitative research which is to illustrate, describe, interpret, explain also answer in more detail the problems to be studied by studying as much as possible an individual, a group, or an event. The data collection method in this study is observation. The population in this study were all PKPBA students of Faculty of Science and Technology 2 and the sample in this research were all PKPBA students of Faculty of Science and Technology 2 totaling 40 people. Data analysis techniques used in this study include conclusion drawing, namely concluding also verification. The results of the implementation of the application are designed through 3 stages, namely: (1) Introduction which includes greetings then asking how are you to explain the learning scenario with role-playing strategies, (2) Core which includes the implementation of learning using role-playing strategies per group, and (3) closing which includes learning evaluation.

Keywords: Maharah Kalam, Arabic Language Learning, Role-Playing Strategies
La Admisión de la Prueba Nueva en el Código Orgánico General de Procesos (COGEP) Ecuador: Algunas Consideraciones
Authors: Olaya Chere Nahomi Geraldine , Suárez Venegas Ramiro Javier 
Published: October 2024

El propósito del presente trabajo de investigación es analizar la admisión de la prueba nueva en el Código Orgánico General de Procesos (COGEP) en Ecuador como requisito al Derecho del litigio. La metodología es una investigación documental, con un diseño bibliográfico no experimental, a su vez la técnica de recolección de datos aplicados es el análisis documental, y el plan de análisis de datos se basa en la hermenéutica jurídica. Se obtuvo como resultado que sobre la admisibilidad de los medios probatorios la normativa vigente del COGEP regula las características de dicho material conforme los principios de utilidad, pertinencia y conducencia, conforme los derechos y garantías, constitucionales y legales para evitar la arbitrariedad judicial de manera que el juzgador para dictar una sentencia razonable, lógica y compresible aplican la sana crítica y actúan conforme a la Ley y el Derecho, con el propósito de aceptar aquellas pruebas certeras o verdaderas. Se concluye que, en efecto, en Ecuador principalmente la nueva prueba en el COGEP es el elemento fundamental del ejercicio del Derecho probatorio que sustenta la apreciación por parte del juzgador de la situación de las partes en conflicto y adoptar las decisiones que estime conveniente para ejercer su derecho a un juicio justo y a la defensa efectiva de los ciudadanos.
SISTEM PEMBUKTIAN TERBALIK TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2001
Authors: Sasuang Rio Heronimus Kaluara , Borman M. Syahrul , Handayati Nur 
Published: October 2024

Sulitnya pembuktian dalam perkara korupsi ini merupakan tantangan bagi para aparat penegak hukum. Proses pembalikan beban dalam pembuktian dikenal awam dengan istilah “pembuktian terbalik” atau “pembalikan beban pembuktian” (Reversel Burden Of Proof). Hal inilah yang merupakan salah satu substansi pengaturan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001yang merupakan perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor. 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Pokok permasalahan yang akan dibahas dalam penulisan tesis ini adalah manfaat penerapan sistem pembuktian terbalik dalam menanggulangi tindak pidana korupsi dan ketentuan tentang sistem pembuktian terbalik menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001, perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kasus (Case Approach) bertujuan untuk mempelajari penerapan norma-norma atau kaidah hukum yang dilakukan dalam peraktik hukum. peraturan Perundang-undangan (Statute Approach), dilakukan dengan menelaah semua undang-undang dan regulasi yang bersangkut paut dengan isu hukum yang sedang ditangani. Hasil penelitian tesis ini adalah Manfaat penerapan sistem pembuktian terbalik dalam menanggulangi tindak pidana korupsi, Pemberlakuan Sistem Pembuktian Terbalik dalam delik gratifikasi sangat memberi makna dalam penegakan hukum, karena sistem pembuktian biasa dirasakan tidak efektif dan sangat memberatkan aparatur penyidik, khususnya jaksa penuntut umum yang harus membuktikan kesalahan terdakwa Selanjutnya Ketentuan tentang sistem pembuktian terbalik perkara korupsi diatur dalam Pasal 12 B ayat (1) huruf a dan b, Pasal 37, Pasal 37A dan Pasal 38B. Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999, Pasal 37 ayat (2) sebagai dasar pembuktian terbalik hukum acara pidana korupsi yang penerapannya harus dihubungkan dengan Pasal 12B dan Pasal 37 ayat (3) bahwa pasal 37 berlaku pada tindak pidana korupsi suap menerima gratifikasi yang nilainya Rp. 10.000.000 (Sepuluh juta rupiah) atau lebih dan juga dalam hal pembuktian tentang sumber asal harta benda terdakwa yang diduga mempunyai hubungan dengan perkara korupsi yang sedang diperiksa.
Die urheberrechtliche Haftung für KI-Output – Ein Vorschlag für eine Haftungsprivilegierung des Betreibers — Zur interessengerechten Verteilung der Haftungsrisiken bei der Nutzung generativer KI
Authors: Imhof Ralf 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Durch die zunehmende Verbreitung generativer KI-Systeme liegt es auf der Hand, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Urheberrechtsverletzung durch die Nutzung solcher Systeme zunimmt. Während die Anbieter von KI-Systemen insbesondere durch § 44b UrhG vor der Inanspruchnahme durch Rechteinhaber weitgehend geschützt sind, fehlt eine Privilegierung auf Seiten der Anwender dieser Systeme. Damit das Urheberrecht kein Hemmschuh für die KI-Nutzung in der Praxis wird, bedarf es einer Korrektur des überkommenen Haftungsrechts.
Novel schizophrenia risk factor pathways regulate FEZ1 to advance oligodendroglia development
Authors: Chen Xianjun , Ku Li , Mei Ruyi , Liu Guanglu , Xu Chongchong , Wen Zhexing , Zhao Xiaofeng , Wang Fei , Xiao Lan , Feng Yue 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNeuropsychiatric disorders, represented by schizophrenia, affect not only neurons but also myelinating oligodendroglia (OL), both contribute to the complex etiology. Although numerous susceptibility genes for schizophrenia have been identified, their function has been primarily studied in neurons. Whether malfunction of risk genes underlies OL defects in schizophrenia pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the function and regulation of the well-recognized schizophrenia risk factor, Fasciculation and Elongation Protein Zeta-1 (FEZ1), in OL. We found that FEZ1 is expressed in oligodendroglia progenitor cells (OPCs) derived from rodent brains and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in culture and in myelinating oligodendrocytes in the brain. In addition, a vigorous upregulation of FEZ1 occurs during OPC differentiation and myelinogenesis, whereas knockdown of FEZ1 significantly attenuates the development of OL process arbors. We further showed that transcription of the Fez1 gene in OL cells is governed by a sophisticated functional interplay between histone acetylation-mediated chromatin modification and transcription factors that are dysregulated in schizophrenia. At the post-transcriptional level, the selective RNA-binding protein QKI, a glia-specific risk factor of schizophrenia, binds FEZ1 mRNA. Moreover, QKI deficiency results in a marked reduction of FEZ1 specifically in OL cells of the quakingviable (qkv) hypomyelination mutant mice. These observations have uncovered novel pathways that involve multifaceted genetic lesions and/or epigenetic dysregulations in schizophrenia, which converge on FEZ1 regulation and cause OL impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Mammalian display screening of diverse cystine-dense peptides for difficult to drug targets
Authors: Crook Zachary R. , Sevilla Gregory P. , Friend Della , Brusniak Mi-Youn , Bandaranayake Ashok D. , Clarke Midori , Gewe Mesfin , Mhyre Andrew J. , Baker David , Strong Roland K. , Bradley Philip , Olson James M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractProtein:protein interactions are among the most difficult to treat molecular mechanisms of disease pathology. Cystine-dense peptides have the potential to disrupt such interactions, and are used in drug-like roles by every clade of life, but their study has been hampered by a reputation for being difficult to produce, owing to their complex disulfide connectivity. Here we describe a platform for identifying target-binding cystine-dense peptides using mammalian surface display, capable of interrogating high quality and diverse scaffold libraries with verifiable folding and stability. We demonstrate the platform’s capabilities by identifying a cystine-dense peptide capable of inhibiting the YAP:TEAD interaction at the heart of the oncogenic Hippo pathway, and possessing the potency and stability necessary for consideration as a drug development candidate. This platform provides the opportunity to screen cystine-dense peptides with drug-like qualities against targets that are implicated for the treatment of diseases, but are poorly suited for conventional approaches.
Promoter-enhancer interactions identified from Hi-C data using probabilistic models and hierarchical topological domains
Authors: Ron Gil , Globerson Yuval , Moran Dror , Kaplan Tommy 
Published: December 2017

AbstractProximity-ligation methods such as Hi-C allow us to map physical DNA–DNA interactions along the genome, and reveal its organization into topologically associating domains (TADs). As the Hi-C data accumulate, computational methods were developed for identifying domain borders in multiple cell types and organisms. Here, we present PSYCHIC, a computational approach for analyzing Hi-C data and identifying promoter–enhancer interactions. We use a unified probabilistic model to segment the genome into domains, which we then merge hierarchically and fit using a local background model, allowing us to identify over-represented DNA–DNA interactions across the genome. By analyzing the published Hi-C data sets in human and mouse, we identify hundreds of thousands of putative enhancers and their target genes, and compile an extensive genome-wide catalog of gene regulation in human and mouse. As we show, our predictions are highly enriched for ChIP-seq and DNA accessibility data, evolutionary conservation, eQTLs and other DNA–DNA interaction data.
Cryo-EM structure of a licensed DNA replication origin
Authors: Abid Ali Ferdos , Douglas Max E. , Locke Julia , Pye Valerie E. , Nans Andrea , Diffley John F. X. , Costa Alessandro 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEukaryotic origins of replication are licensed upon loading of the MCM helicase motor onto DNA. ATP hydrolysis by MCM is required for loading and the post-catalytic MCM is an inactive double hexamer that encircles duplex DNA. Origin firing depends on MCM engagement of Cdc45 and GINS to form the CMG holo-helicase. CMG assembly requires several steps including MCM phosphorylation by DDK. To understand origin activation, here we have determined the cryo-EM structures of DNA-bound MCM, either unmodified or phosphorylated, and visualize a phospho-dependent MCM element likely important for Cdc45 recruitment. MCM pore loops touch both the Watson and Crick strands, constraining duplex DNA in a bent configuration. By comparing our new MCM–DNA structure with the structure of CMG–DNA, we suggest how the conformational transition from the loaded, post-catalytic MCM to CMG might promote DNA untwisting and melting at the onset of replication.
The podoplanin-CLEC-2 axis inhibits inflammation in sepsis
Authors: Rayes Julie , Lax Siân , Wichaiyo Surasak , Watson Stephanie K. , Di Ying , Lombard Stephanie , Grygielska Beata , Smith Stuart W. , Skordilis Kassiani , Watson Steve P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPlatelets play a critical role in vascular inflammation through the podoplanin and collagen/fibrin receptors, C-type-lectin-like-2 (CLEC-2) and glycoprotein VI (GPVI), respectively. Both receptors regulate endothelial permeability and prevent peri-vascular bleeding in inflammation. Here we show that platelet-specific deletion of CLEC-2 but not GPVI leads to enhanced systemic inflammation and accelerated organ injury in two mouse models of sepsis–intra-peritoneal lipopolysaccharide and cecal ligation and puncture. CLEC-2 deficiency is associated with reduced numbers of podoplanin-expressing macrophages despite increased cytokine and chemokine levels in the infected peritoneum. Pharmacological inhibition of the interaction between CLEC-2 and podoplanin regulates immune cell infiltration and the inflammatory reaction during sepsis, suggesting that activation of podoplanin underlies the anti-inflammatory action of platelet CLEC-2. We suggest podoplanin-CLEC-2 as a novel anti-inflammatory axis regulating immune cell recruitment and activation in sepsis.
Fighting against a protean enemy: immunosenescence, vaccines, and healthy aging
Authors: Del Giudice Giuseppe , Goronzy Jörg J. , Grubeck-Loebenstein Beatrix , Lambert Paul-Henri , Mrkvan Tomas , Stoddard Jeffrey J. , Doherty T. Mark 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe progressive increase of the aged population worldwide mandates new strategies to ensure sustained health and well-being with age. The development of better and/or new vaccines against pathogens that affect older adults is one pivotal intervention in approaching this goal. However, the functional decline of various physiological systems, including the immune system, requires novel approaches to counteract immunosenescence. Although important progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying the age-related decline of the immune response to infections and vaccinations, knowledge gaps remain, both in the areas of basic and translational research. In particular, it will be important to better understand how environmental factors, such as diet, physical activity, co-morbidities, and pharmacological treatments, delay or contribute to the decline of the capability of the aging immune system to appropriately respond to infectious diseases and vaccination. Recent findings suggest that successful approaches specifically targeted to the older population can be developed, such as the high-dose and adjuvanted vaccines against seasonal influenza, the adjuvanted subunit vaccine against herpes zoster, as well as experimental interventions with immune-potentiators or immunostimulants. Learning from these first successes may pave the way to developing novel and improved vaccines for the older adults and immunocompromised. With an integrated, holistic vaccination strategy, society will offer the opportunity for an improved quality of life to the segment of the population that is going to increase most significantly in numbers and proportion over future decades.