bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comments: What Will the New Year Hold?
Authors: Donnelly John 
Published: December 2017

Editor's column
In this issue, SPE’s technical directors evaluate the current state of the upstream oil and gas industry and offer their outlook for what will drive the sector in 2018. After several years of low oil prices and heavy restructuring, it is no surprise that cost containment and adding value are at the top of the agenda, from drilling to completions.
Parts of the industry are still adjusting to change. Shifting demographics, increased automation and digitization, and the ever-increasing flow of data will continue to have an impact on the industry for the foreseeable future. In general, analysts who study the industry predict that 2018 will be a year of stability and continued gradual recovery: oil prices should hold steady or slightly rise, and OPEC and non-OPEC producers will chart their course forward as the supply overhang gradually subsides, leading to a market in better balance than it has been in 3-4 years. The big picture will focus on OPEC and other large producers’ adherence to production cuts, the continued rise in shale output in the US, and whether global demand can whittle away at the oil surplus.
Deloitte sums up the past year and how it will impact the new one in its 2018 Outlook On Oil and Gas. Among its observations is the surprise of the US coming into its own as an energy exporter. When the US oil export ban was lifted in January 2016, it was thought that it would have little effect on the global market. But the US has become a regular exporter of crude oil, especially unconventional, to as far away as Asia, as well as a force in liquefied natural gas and refined products. If the trend continues, the US will have gone from a heavy net oil importer to a truly global player in the market, especially as unconventional production continues to climb, in just a few years. That also has implications for national security and global geopolitics.
Deloitte points out that the question coming into 2017 was whether cost reductions in unconventional production would be sustainable. “The evidence seems to tell us they are, with break-even costs across the major US shale plays still 30-50% below the levels of early 2015,” its report says. The downside is that, although many producers are not only surviving but doing well, the oilfield services industry is still reeling “and further consolidation may be in the cards.”
OPEC’s extensions of cuts along with major producers such as Russia has been key to stabilizing prices. But with non-OPEC production climbing, the market still needs a significant demand boost to solidify prices. OPEC and the other producers first announced their cuts in late 2016, and the adherence to them has been stellar. The cuts were extended another 6 months and, in late November, another 9 months to the end of 2018. How long these producers, especially Russia, are willing to curtail output will have a major influence on oil prices in the coming year.
The Effectiveness of Gallery Walk and Simulation (GALSIM) to Improve Students’ Achievement in Fiqh Learning
Authors: Ismail I , Anitah W Sri , Sunardi S , Rochsantiningsih Dewi 
Published: December 2017

<p class="ABSTRACT"><span lang="EN">This article presents the efforts of teacher in enhancing students’ achievement through the implementation of cooperative learning model: Gallery Walk and Simulation (GALSIM). This </span><span lang="EN">classroom action research</span><span lang="EN"> aims to describe the improvement of students’ achievement of <em>Fiqh </em>subject matter. </span><span lang="EN">The data was collected by </span><span lang="EN">observation, actions, documents, and tests. This two-cycle research used four steps i.e. planning, action, observation and reflection in each cycle. The results show that the implementation of GALSIM could improve students’ activity along the learning process. Moreover, the implementation of this model could also improve students’ achievement at the end of their study on <em>Fiqh</em>.</span> </p><span>Tulisan ini mengetengahkan upaya guru dalam meningkatkan prestasi siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif berupa Gallery Walk dan Simulation (GALSIM). Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemajuan prestasi siswa pada pelajaran Fikih. Data penelitian terkumpul melalui pengamatan, tindakan, dokumentasi, dan tes. Penelitian dengan dua siklus ini memanfaatkan empat langkah berupa perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi dalam setiap siklusnya. Temuan riset ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan GALSIM dapat meningkatkan keaktifan siswa selama pembelajaran. Di samping itu, penerapan model ini dapat pula meningkatkan prestasi siswa dalam mempelajari Fikih.</span>
A LITERATURE REVIEW ON INDONESIA’S DERADICALIZATION PROGRAM FOR TERRORIST PRISONERS
Authors: Suarda I Gede Widhiana 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAfter many terrorists are captured and receive prison sentences, Indonesia instituted a de-radicalization program for terrorist prisoners. As yet, however, Indonesia lacks a national policy for planning, implementing and evaluating the program. The program is currently being developed and managed locally by prison directors consistent with a prison’s circumstances and capability. This article presents a review of the literature on Indonesia’s de-radicalization program for terrorist prisoners. The objectives of this review are to understand the nature of the program, consider the results, and to indicate a new approach for future research. Intisari Setelah banyak teroris ditangkap dan menjalani pidana penjara, Indonesia mulai menjalankan program deradikalisasi terhadap narapidana teroris. Namun demikian, Indonesia belum memiliki kebijakan nasional dalam hal perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi dari program deradikalisai. Saat ini, program dikembangkan dan dikelola secara lokal oleh kepala lembaga pemasyarakatan (Kalapas) sejalan dengan keadaan dan kemampuan lembaga pemasyarakatan (Lapas). Artikel ini menyajikan sebuah kajian pustaka tentang program deradikalisasi Indonesia terhadap narapidana teroris. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk memahami karakter programnya, menelaah hasil-hasilnya, dan untuk menunjukkan sebuah pendekatan baru dalam penelitian mendatang.
The Development of Internal Auditing as a Profession in the U.S. During the Twentieth Century
Authors: Parker Susan , Johnson Lynn A. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
This paper traces the development of internal auditing from the standpoint of its professional identity. The question of how internal auditors have historically seen themselves bears on how they function as integral parts of internal control systems, and may help researchers formulate future empirical studies of internal auditing.
Over the years, the self-perception of the internal audit profession's function has varied greatly. Internal auditing has lived, to some extent, in the shadow of the public accounting profession, while struggling to achieve public recognition, status in the business world, and a defined role separate from that of an internal monitor, subsidiary to the external auditor. While there have been many changes in terms of the formation of a professional community, belief in the importance of the work, and the growth of a system of self-regulation, the demands of various constituents and the desires of internal auditors for professional status have led to a persistent struggle to define the appropriate functions and organizational placement of internal audit. This struggle continues up to the present time.
Several things stand in the way of a complete professional identity for internal auditing. Internal auditing cannot lay claim to a clearly defined role that is uniquely its own. The internal audit function (IAF) does not own a skill set or knowledge base that is not shared by the external auditors. The impact on the ability to distinguish the internal auditor from the external consultant is detrimental to the profession. Neither has the internal auditor been able to attain complete autonomy. While the IAF now reports to the Board of Directors or its audit committee more frequently than in the past, its continuing strong connection with management hinders its ability to be truly self-determining.
On the other hand, the contributions that internal auditors make to their organizations are very real, and the lack of an externally mandated role allows them to be utility players. For management, the availability of a utility player who can provide internal consulting or assistance that saves overall compliance costs is valuable, as is the ability for boards to rely on an IAF with a deep knowledge of the organization.
Associations of Four Community Factors With Longitudinal Change in Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hirsch Annemarie G. , Durden T. Elizabeth , Nordberg Cara , Berger Andrea , Schwartz Brian S. 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate associations of community factors with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We identified patients with type 2 diabetes who had an HbA1c ≥7.5% (58 mmol/mol) and subsequent HbA1c testing within 90–270 days. We used mixed-effect models to assess whether treatment intensification (TI) and community domains (community socioeconomic deprivation [CSD], food availability, fitness assets, and utilitarian physical activity favorability [quartiled]) were associated with HbA1c change over 6 and 24 months, controlling for demographics, HbA1c, BMI, and time with evidence of type 2 diabetes. We evaluated whether community domains modified associations of TI with HbA1c change using cross product terms.

RESULTS
There were 15,308 patients with 69,818 elevated HbA1c measures. The average reduction in HbA1c over 6 months was 0.07% less in townships with a high level of CSD (third quartile versus the first). Reductions were 0.10% greater for HbA1c in townships with the best food availability (versus worst). HbA1c reductions were 0.17–0.19% greater in census tracts in the second and third quartiles of utilitarian physical activity favorability versus the first. The association of TI with 6-month HbA1c change was weaker in townships and boroughs with the worst CSD (versus best) and in boroughs with the best fitness assets (versus worst). The association of TI with 24-month HbA1c change was weaker in census tracts with the worst CSD (versus third quartile) and strongest in census tracts most favorable for utilitarian physical activity (versus worst).

CONCLUSIONS
Community domains were associated with HbA1c change and blunted TI effectiveness.
Bagazo de sorgo dulce: una alternativa para la producción de etanol de segunda generación en Colombia (Parte I)
Authors: Holguín Múnera John Fredy , Peña Juan David , Ríos Luis Alberto , Peñuela Vasquez Mariana 
Published: December 2017

Cada material lignocelulósico es un nuevo terreno por explorar, por tanto, la caracterización físico-química de estos materiales es un paso fundamental para el proceso de biotransformación. Se determinó la composición lignocelulósica del bagazo de sorgo dulce, encontrándose valores cercanos a los valores reportados en la literatura. Se estudiaron las tecnologías de pretratamiento, explosión con vapor, hidrólisis ácida suave, deslignificación alcalina, remojo con NH3, pretratamiento con amoniaco AFEX, ozonólisis y peróxido alcalino; encontrándose que la deslignificación alcalina con NaOH es la mejor opción para pretratar este sustrato. Se disminuyó el contenido de lignina en un 52% y se obtuvo una productividad a etanol de 0,87 g/L h, lo cual equivale a un rendimiento de 114 L de etanol/Ton bagazo de sorgo dulce seco pretratado.
Efecto de la modificación superficial por Fricción Agitación (PFA) en la dureza y el desgaste de la aleación de aluminio de la serie 6000
Authors: Gil Ledesma Vanessa , Torres Andrés , De Sánchez Nelly Alba 
Published: December 2017

En el presente artículo se reportan los efectos de la modificación superficial mediante la técnica de procesamiento por fricción agitación (PFA) o Fricción Stir Procesing (FSP) sobre una aleación de aluminio de uso arquitectónico de la serie 6063. Se evaluó el comportamiento del material en estado de suministro y del material modificado por PFA, se realizó análisis de microdureza, análisis metalográfico en niveles macro y micro, análisis de desgaste y coeficiente de fricción utilizando la técnica de Pin on Disk. Se encontró que en general la modificación superficial produce un mejoramiento sustancial de las propiedades mecánicas como la dureza, al pasar de 42 HV A 62 HV en las muestras modificadas por (FSP) y la resistencia al desgaste en términos de pérdida de masa se redujo en un 39 %. Ofreciendo una alternativa tecnológica importante para mejorar el desempeño en servicio de estos materiales sometidos a condiciones de peración similares.
PERBEDAAN PENGETAHUAN GIZI DAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI PADA REMAJA YANG OVERWEIGHT DAN NON OVERWEIGHT DI SMK BATIK 2 SURAKARTA
Authors: Hidayanti Rahmadhani Nur , Soviana Elida , Widyaningsih Endang Nur 
Published: December 2017

Overweight merupakan ketidakseimbangan asupan zat gizi. Pola makan remaja saat ini mengarah ke pemilihan bahan makanan cepat saji yang tinggi kalori yang terdiri dari karbohidrat dan lemak. Makanan ini jika dikonsumsi secara berlebihan dapat memicu terjadinya overweight. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan gizi dan kebugaran jasmani pada remaja yang overweight dan non overweight di SMK Batik 2 Surakarta. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan adalah remaja di SMK Batik 2 Surakarta kelas X dan XI yang berstatus gizi overweight dan non overweight dengan masing-masing kelompok berjumlah 30 siswa. Pengambilan data dengan cara simple random sampling. Pengetahuan gizi diperoleh dengan cara pengisian kuesioner sedangkan kebugaran jasmani menggunakan Harvard Step test. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar baik kelompok overweight dan non overweight memiliki pengetahuan gizi kategori cukup yaitu 53%. Kebugaran jasmani pada remaja yang overweight sebagian besar memiliki kebugaran jasmani yang kurang yaitu 73%, sedangkan kebugaran jasmani pada remaja yang non overweight sebagian besar memiliki kebugaran jasmani yang cukup yaitu 40%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan gizi pada remaja yang overweight dan non overweight dan terdapat perbedaan kebugaran jasmani pada remaja yang overweight dan non overweight.
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN LEMAK DAN RASIO LINGKAR PINGGANG PANGGUL (RLPP) DENGAN KADAR LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) PADA WANITA MENOPAUSE DI POSYANDU NGUDI WALUYO SURAKARTA
Authors: Rahmawati Nesti , Rahmawaty Setyaningrum , Soviana Elida 
Published: December 2017

Disamping faktor hormonal tingginya asupan lemak dan rasio lingkar pinggang panggul (RLPP) diakui sebagai faktor pencetus peningkatan kadar LDL pada wanita menopause. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan lemak dan RLPP dengan kadar LDL pada wanita menopause. Penelitian ini termasuk studi crossectional yang melibatkan 33 wanita menopause usia 45-65 tahun dengan teknik simple random sampling di Posyandu Ngudi Waluyo Surakarta. Asupan lemak dihitung dari rata-rata food recall 24 jam selama 3 hari dengan menggunakan Nutrisurvey. Rasio lingkar pinggang panggul diukur menggunakan metlin dan dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali. Kadar LDL diukur dengan pengambilan darah vena menggunakan metode Enzimatik. Tujuh belas (51,5%) responden memiliki asupan lemak tergolong tinggi, 26 (78,8%) responden memiliki RLPP tergolong tinggi (≥0,85 cm) dan 15 (45,5%) responden memilik kadar LDL tergolong tinggi (≥150 mg/dL). Hasil uji korelasi antara tingkat asupan lemak dengan kadar LDL menunjukkan nilai p=0,261 sedangkan untuk rasio lingkar pinggang panggul dengan kadar LDL menunjukkan nilai p=0,67. Baik asupan lemak maupun RLPP tidak berhubungan dengan kadar LDL pada wanita menopause di Posyandu Ngudi Waluyo Surakarta.
“LÁ”, ATENUADOR EM INTERAÇÕES INFORMAIS DO PORTUGUÊS EUROPEU
Authors: MARQUES Maria-Aldina , DUARTE Isabel Margarida 
Published: December 2017

‘Lá’, mitigation marker in informal interactions in European Portuguese. Lá is a deictic locative adverb that refers to a space far from the speaker and the hearer, usually outside both field of vision. Based on an enunciative-pragmatic approach we analyse, in informal conversations (corpus: Perfil sociolinguístico da fala bracarense and C-ORAL-ROM), occurrences of a pragmatic usage of ‘lá’ as linguistic attenuation, leaving aside other values. In what concerns attenuation of the speaker, we analyse the effect of 'lá' in assertive acts: its contribution to either epistemic or evaluative modality. With respect to attenuation of speaker-listener relationship, we analyse the pragmatic value of ‘lá’ in directive and expressive acts.
Rezumat. „Lá”, marcator de atenuare în interacțiuni informale în portugheza europeană. „Lá” este un adverb locativ deictic care se referă la spațiul aflat departe de locutor și de interlocutor, de obicei departe de câmpul vizual al ambilor. Folosind o abordare pragmatică și enunțiativă, analizăm utilizări pragmatice ale adverbului „lá” în conversații informale (corpus: Profil sociolingvistic al graiului din Braga și C-ORAL-ROM), în special întrebuințări cu valoare de atenuare, neluând în considerare celelalte valori pragmatice. Dintre strategiile de atenuare folosite de locutor, analizăm efectul particulei „lá” în acte asertive, în cazul modalității epistemice și a celei evaluative. În ceea ce privește atenuarea în relația vorbitor-interlocutor, analizăm valoarea pragmatică a particulei „lá” în acte directive și expresive.
Cuvinte cheie. „Lá”, deictic, întrebuințare pragmatică, atenuare, interacțiune informală, corpusuri orale.
HETERONÍMIA E SINCERIDADE NA CRIAÇÃO DO PRIMEIRO FRADIQUE MENDES
Authors: PETRESCU Cristina 
Published: December 2017

Heteronimy and sincerity in the creation of the first Fradique Mendes. The “tricephalic poet” Carlos Fradique Mendes, collective creation of the Generation of 1870 and synthesis of the ideals of this generation, was introduced to Portuguese literature as a unique heteronymical phenomenon. His parents, Eça de Queirós, Antero de Quental and Jaime Batalha Reis infused their literary and ideological homunculus not only with the moral and esthetical principles of the baudelairian satanism and the appetence for perfection proper to dandyism, but also with the complexity of the identity game that turned Fradique Mendes into the first actor of an endless saga of invisibility. His creators managed, in spite of this multiplicity and of the different approaches to the process of creation and depersonalization, to give a prominent outline to the first collective heteronymical project, thus designing the dialogical universes of Portuguese modernism.
Rezumat. Heteronimie și sinceritate în crearea primului Fradique Mendes. „Poetul tricefal” Carlos Fradique Mendes, creaţie colectivă a Generaţiei de la 1870 şi recipient al idealurilor acestei generaţii, s-a înfăţişat literaturii portugheze ca un proiect heteronimic inedit. Părinţii săi, Eça de Queirós, Antero de Quental şi Jaime Batalha Reis au insuflat acestui homuncul literar şi ideologic nu numai principiile morale şi estetice ale satanismului baudelairian şi apetenţa pentru perfecţiune a dandismului, ci şi plurivalenţa jocului identitar ce a făcut din Fradique Mendes cel dintâi actor al unei interminabile saga a invizibilităţii. Creatorii săi au reuşit, în ciuda acestei complexităţi şi a abordării diferite a procesului de creaţie şi depersonalizare, să ofere un contur vizibil celui dintâi proiect de heteronimie colectivă, proiectând, astfel, universurile dialogice ale modernismului portughez.
Cuvinte-cheie: heteronimie, sinceritate, Fradique Mendes, Eça de Queirós, Antero de Quental, Jaime Batalha Reis
O AMOR E A GUERRA NO “PLANALTO E NA ESTEPE”: ENTRE CAMARADAS ANGOLANOS, A UNIÃO SOVIÉTICA E A GUERRA FRIA
Authors: VASILE Iolanda , PEIXOTO Carolina 
Published: December 2017

Love and war in The Plateau and the Steppe: between angolan comrades, the Soviet Union and the Cold War. The Plateau and the Steppe, by Pepetela, looks at the story of Júlio, a white angolan from Huíla, that fights for the liberation of his country, and the mongol Sarangerel. The reader, smitten right away by the cover, dives into a beautiful love story, like the very title announces, “the real story of an impossible love”, that starts in 1960s in Angola, along with the outburst of the liberation movements, one year later. The story is brought up to present, after burning in the Russian cold, in the first lines of battle in Algeria and Angola and even in communist Cuba. Having this story as a background and focusing the analysis on the lives of African students in the former Soviet Union, we will explore the implications and importance of cultural exchanges for the establishment of long time relations between various national liberation movements and the former Soviet Union. Ultimately, we wish to question the essential role of memory in the processes of passage, transformation, and regulation of existing realities; imagining liberation beyond the independence.
Rezumat. Dragoste și război în Planaltul și stepa: între tovarăși angolezi, Uniunea Sovietică și Războiul Rece. O Planalto e a Estepe [Planaltul și Stepa], de Pepetela, narează povestea lui Júlio, angolez alb din Huíla, care luptă pentru eliberarea țării sale, și pe cea a mongolei Sarangerel. Cititorul, captivat imediat de copertă, plonjează într-o frumoasă poveste de dragoste, anunțată deja de subtitlu “povestea reală a unei iubiri imposibile”, care traversează istoria Angolei anilor 60, odată cu începutul mișcărilor de eliberare națională, și ajunge până în zilele noastre, după ce a ars intens în frigul rusesc, în primele linii de bătălie ale frontului algerian și angolez, chiar și în Cuba. Având această poveste ca fundal, și centrând analiza pe viața studenților africani în fosta Uniune Sovietică, în acest articol vom explora implicațiile și importanța schimburilor culturale pentru relațiile dintre mișcările de eliberare națională și fosta Uniune Sovietică. În cele din urmă, dorim să problematizăm rolul esențial pe care îl are memoria în procesele de trecere, transformare și negociere al realităților în cauză; imaginând eliberarea dincolo de independență.
Cuvinte cheie: Pepetela, mișcări de eliberare națională, studenți africani, memorie, schimburi culturale