bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entre salariat et indépendance : analyse juridique et économique de la relation franchisé-franchiseur
Authors: Coiquaud Urwana , Martin Isabelle 
Published: October 2017

Le contrat de franchise consiste à transmettre au franchisé le savoir-faire du franchiseur, moyennant des contreparties financières. Cependant, la transmission de ce savoir-faire va au-delà de la simple mise à disposition d’une « recette ». Elle se prolonge par une assistance de tous les instants délivrée par le franchiseur au franchisé. À certains égards, cette relation contractuelle ne ressemble-t-elle pas à celle d’un employeur avec le salarié ?
Cet article étudie la relation émanant de ce contrat à l’aide des facteurs juridiques (le caractère subordonnant de la relation contractuelle) et économiques (la puissance économique du franchiseur) qui la structurent. L’étude s’appuie tant sur une analyse sociojuridique de la jurisprudence québécoise (1994-2016) au moyen d’une appréhension du contenu relationnel de ce contrat, que sur la littérature économique dans le but de comprendre les éléments de subordination et de puissance économique qui empreignent cette relation.
Le constat révèle que la relation de franchise comporte de fortes composantes de subordination et d’inégalité de puissance économique pour le franchisé, engendrant un assujettissement aussi réel que celui mis en place par le salariat, même s’il n’est pas institué formellement par le contrat de franchisage. Plusieurs pistes d’action sont proposées. Si la requalification de certains contrats de franchise en contrat de travail semble une avenue préconisée par plusieurs pays, nos tribunaux y sont peu enclins. La deuxième piste d’action résiderait dans l’adoption d’une loi encadrant l’établissement et le contenu des contrats de franchise afin de réduire l’asymétrie informationnelle existante entre franchiseur et franchisé, ainsi que de mieux encadrer les qualités du « concept » sur lequel s’appuient les franchiseurs pour séduire les franchisés. Une troisième piste serait de reconnaître l’inégalité de puissance économique, point de départ de la reconnaissance « d’un droit de la dépendance dans l’indépendance » capable d’appréhender ces multiples situations d’entrepreneuriat dépendant dont la franchise n’est qu’un exemple.
Mindfulness in Motion for People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Gilbertson Rachel M. , Klatt Maryanna D. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Mindfulness in Motion is an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention that uses yoga movement, mindfulness meditation, and relaxing music. This study examined the feasibility of using Mindfulness in Motion in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the effect of this program on stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and quality of life in people with MS.

Methods:
Twenty-two people with MS completed the 8-week mindfulness program as well as assessments 1 week before and after the intervention.

Results:
Pre/post comparison of four self-reported questionnaires—the Mental Health Inventory, 36-item Short Form Health Status Survey, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire—showed significant improvement in physical functioning, vitality, and mental health. Specifically, improvements were seen in anxiety, depression, and positive affect; cognitive, psychosocial, and overall functioning regarding fatigue; and mindfulness in the areas of observing, acting with awareness, nonjudgment, and nonreactivity.

Conclusions:
Due to the uncertainty in disease progression associated with MS, and the multiplicity of mental and physical symptoms associated with it, programming that addresses anxiety, depression, and fatigue is a key area of future research in MS disease management. Mindfulness in Motion proved to be a feasible program yielding positive results, supporting the need for research to determine the extent to which the program can improve quality-of-life outcomes for people with MS.
Collaboration Between ACGME and AOA Programs to Enhance Success in the Single Accreditation System: A Process Paper
Authors: Weidner Amanda K.H. , Pauwels Judith , McGuire Marcia , Davis Ardis 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Beginning in 2020, all residency programs will be accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Programs accredited by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) that do not achieve ACGME pre-accreditation status by 2020 will be forced to close, resulting in loss of graduate medical education slots and affecting the physician workforce locally and nationally. Current ACGME programs are in a position to help consult, support, and learn from local AOA-only programs as they work toward meeting ACGME accreditation requirements, but to date there have been only limited collaborations. A regional network of ACGME- and dually accredited family medicine residency programs (“the Network”) and family medicine programs solely accredited by the AOA recognized the imperative to support the AOA-only programs with their accreditation transitions to preserve their primary care residency positions. This article describes the inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes of these collaborative efforts to establish communications and strategies using a logic model program “road map” format. Initial efforts included a collaborative conference and ongoing consultations and workshops. This model can be replicated for program collaborations in other locations.
Turbulence in Three‐Dimensional Simulations of Magnetopause Reconnection
Authors: Price L. , Swisdak M. , Drake J. F. , Burch J. L. , Cassak P. A. , Ergun R. E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe present detailed analysis of the turbulence observed in three‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulations of magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause. The parameters are representative of an electron diffusion region encounter of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. The turbulence is found to develop around both the magnetic X line and separatrices, is electromagnetic in nature, is characterized by a wave vector k given by kρe∼(meTe/miTi)0.25 with ρe the electron Larmor radius, and appears to have the ion pressure gradient as its source of free energy. Taken together, these results suggest the instability is a variant of the lower hybrid drift instability. The turbulence produces electric field fluctuations in the out‐of‐plane direction (the direction of the reconnection electric field) with an amplitude of around ±10 mV/m, which is much greater than the reconnection electric field of around 0.1 mV/m. Such large values of the out‐of‐plane electric field have been identified in the MMS data. The turbulence in the simulations controls the scale lengths of the density profile and current layers in asymmetric reconnection, driving them closer to
than the ρe or de scalings seen in 2‐D reconnection simulations, and produces significant anomalous resistivity and viscosity in the electron diffusion region.
Risk of Incident Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Mcguire Katherine , Aviña‐Zubieta J. Antonio , Esdaile John M. , Sadatsafavi Mohsen , Sayre Eric C. , Abrahamowicz Michal , Lacaille Diane 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveStudies have demonstrated a link between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and inflammation, raising the question whether chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), predispose to COPD. Our objective was to evaluate the risk of incident COPD hospitalization in RA compared to the general population.MethodsWe studied a population‐based incident RA cohort with matched general population controls, using administrative health data. All incident RA cases in British Columbia who first met RA definition between January 1996 and December 2006 were selected using previously published criteria. General population controls were randomly selected, matched 1:1 to RA cases on birth year, sex, and index year. COPD outcome was defined as hospitalization with a primary COPD code. Incidence rates, 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated for RA and controls. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated the risk of COPD in RA compared to the general population after adjusting for potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results to the possible confounding effect of smoking, unavailable in administrative data, and to COPD outcome definitions.ResultsThe cohorts included 24,625 RA individuals and 25,396 controls. The incidence of COPD hospitalization was greater in RA than controls (IRR 1.58, 95% CI 1.34–1.87). After adjusting for potential confounders, RA cases had a 47% greater risk of COPD hospitalization than controls. The increased risk remained significant after modeling for smoking and with varying COPD definitions.ConclusionIn our population‐based cohort, individuals with RA had a 47% greater risk of COPD hospitalization compared to the general population.
MECOM, HBS1L‐MYB, THRB‐RARB, JAK2, and TERT polymorphisms defining the genetic predisposition to myeloproliferative neoplasms: A study on 939 patients
Authors: Trifa Adrian P. , Bănescu Claudia , Bojan Anca S. , Voina Cristian M. , Popa Ștefana , Vișan Simona , Ciubean Alina D. , Tripon Florin , Dima Delia , Popov Viola M. , Vesa Ștefan C. , Andreescu Mihaela , Török‐Vistai Tünde , Mihăilă Romeo G. , Berbec Nicoleta , Macarie Ioan , Coliţă Andrei , Iordache Maria , Cătană Alina C. , Farcaș Marius F. , Tomuleasa Ciprian , Vasile Kinga , Truică Cristina , Todincă Adriana , Pop‐Muntean Lavinia , Manolache Raluca , Bumbea Horia , Vlădăreanu Ana‐Maria , Gaman Mihaela , Ciufu Cristina M. , Popp Radu A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPolycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are classical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), characterized by specific somatic mutations in JAK2, CALR or MPL genes. JAK2 46/1 and TERT rs2736100 polymorphisms are known to significantly predispose to MPN. This study aimed to establish the additional contribution of the recently described MECOM rs2201862, HBS1L‐MYB rs9376092 and THRB‐RARB rs4858647 polymorphisms to the occurrence of MPN. These three polymorphisms, along with JAK2 46/1 and TERT rs2736100 were genotyped in 939 MPN patients (454 with ET, 337 with PV and 148 with PMF) and 483 controls. MECOM rs2201862 associated significantly with each MPN entity, except for ET, and with all major molecular sub‐types, especially those CALR‐mutated (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1‐1.8; P‐value = .005). HBS1L‐MYB rs9376092 associated only with JAK2 V617F‐mutated ET (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1‐1.7; P‐value = .003). THRB‐RARB rs4858647 had a weak association with PMF only (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1‐2.1; P‐value = .04). Surprisingly, JAK2 46/1 haplotype was associated significantly not only with JAK2 V617F‐mutated MPN, but also with CALR‐mutated MPN (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1‐1.8; P‐value = .01). TERT rs2736100 was associated equally strong with all MPN, regardless of phenotype or molecular sub‐type. In conclusion, JAK2 46/1, TERT rs2736100 and MECOM rs2201862 are the chief predisposing polymorphisms to MPN.
Donor lymphocyte infusion and methotrexate for immune recovery after T‐cell depleted haploidentical transplantation
Authors: Gilman Andrew L. , Leung Wing , Cowan Morton J. , Cannon Mark , Epstein Stacy , Barnhart Carrie , Shah Krishna , Hyland Michelle , Fukes Tracy , Ivanova Anastasia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCD34+ cell selection minimizes graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) after haploidentical donor stem cell transplant but is associated with slow immune recovery and infections. We report a Phase I/II study of prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) followed by methotrexate (MTX) GVHD prophylaxis after CD34‐selected haploidentical donor transplant. A prophylactic DLI was given between day +30 and +42. Rituximab was given with DLI for the last 10 patients. The goal of the study was to determine a DLI dose that would result in a CD4+ cell count > 100/µL at Day +120 in ≥ 66% of patients with ≤ 33% grade II‐III, ≤ 17% grade III, and no grade IV acute GVHD by Day +180. Thirty‐five patients with malignant (n = 25) or nonmalignant disease (n = 10) were treated after CD34‐selected haploidentical donor peripheral blood stem cell transplant. The DLI dose of 5 × 104/kg met the CD4/GVHD goal with 67% of patients having CD4+ cells > 100/µL and 11% grade II‐IV acute GVHD. The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 16%. Fatal viral and fungal infections occurred in 11%. The 2 year estimated overall survival was 69% and the relapse rate was 14% for patients in remission at transplant. There was no effect of NK alloreactivity on relapse. Nine of ten patients at the target DLI dose cohort of 5 × 104/kg are alive with median follow‐up of 18 mos (range 6‐29). Delayed prophylactic DLI and MTX was associated with promising outcomes at the target DLI dose. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov, # NCT01027702.
Efficient Solution‐ and Solid‐State Fluorescence for a Series of 7‐Diethylaminocoumarin Amide Compounds
Authors: Sun Yatong , Sun Yunhui , Zhao Songfang , Cao Duxia , Guan Ruifang , Liu Zhiqiang , Yu Xueying , Zhao Xun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA series of 7‐diethylaminocoumarin amide compounds with phenyl (1), benzyl (2), and benzothiazole (3) terminal groups have been synthesized. The crystal structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. All of these compounds exhibited intense blue fluorescence and high fluorescence quantum yields in both THF (1: 0.36, 2: 0.43, 3: 0.27) and high‐viscosity solvent (glycerol; 1: 0.32, 2: 0.38, 3: 0.41). Compound 1 displayed bright‐yellow–green fluorescence, with a fluorescence maximum at λ=537 nm and a quantum yield of 0.47 in the solid (powder) state. For compound 1, we observed a red shift of Δλ=72 nm and fluorescence enhancement in the solid state relative to that in THF. Compound 2 emitted bright‐blue fluorescence (λ=463 nm, Φ=0.36) in the solid state, which was slightly blue‐shifted relative to that in THF (λ=466 nm vs λ=482 nm) and appeared as a narrow peak with a full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum of only 39 nm. The strong fluorescence emission in high‐viscosity glycerol solution and in the solid state may be attributed to restriction of the rotation of the 7‐diethylamino group, which led to non‐radiative deactivation.
Nanomagnetically modified vitamin B3 (Fe3O4@Niacin): An efficient and reusable green biocatalyst for microwave‐assisted rapid synthesis of 2‐amino‐3‐cyanopyridines in aqueous medium
Authors: Afradi Mojgan , Pour Sjjad Abbasi , Dolat Maryam , Yazdani‐Elah‐Abadi Afshin 
Published: October 2017

Superparamagnetic nanoparticles of modified vitamin B3 (Fe3O4@Niacin) represent a new, efficient and green biocatalyst for the one‐pot synthesis of 2‐amino‐3‐cyanopyridine derivatives via four‐component condensation reaction between aldehydes, ketones, malononitrile, and ammonium acetate under microwave irradiation in water. This new magnetic organocatalyst was easily isolated from the reaction mixture by magnetic decantation using an external magnet and reused at least six times without significant degradation in the activity. The catalyst was fully characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, SEM, VSM, UV–Vis, DLS and EDS. Excellent yield, very short reaction time (7–10 min), operational simplicity, easy work‐up procedure, avoidance of hazardous or toxic catalysts and organic solvents are the main advantages of this green methodology which makes it more economic than the other conventional methods.
Performance analysis of chemical flooding in fractured shale and tight reservoirs
Authors: Sheng James J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo enhance the oil recovery in fractured shale and tight oil reservoirs, many efforts have been made to add surfactants in injection water and fracturing fluid. Most of the efforts were to conduct experiments to screen surfactants. To the best of our knowledge, there is no paper to provide numerical analysis of the surfactant performance in fractured shale and tight reservoirs. In particular, how the fracture network affects chemical flooding performance has not been addressed. This paper is to use numerical simulation approach to analyze the performance of chemical additives (alkali and surfactant) in fractured shale and tight rocks. The base simulation model is based on history‐matching an experiment. The effects of wettability alteration, interfacial tension (IFT), capillary pressure, and pressure gradients are investigated. To aid our understanding and interpret the results, the results from high‐permeability models are compared with shale and tight models. We found that if the rock is oil‐wet, it is very slow for a chemical to diffuse into the shale or tight matrix to alter wettability, so the oil recovery is not very sensitive to the value of capillary pressure. In shale and tight reservoirs, using surfactants to achieve ultralow IFT may not be effective, because the surfactant solution with ultra‐low IFT cannot enter the matrix and will break though producers, and oil in the matrix will be bypassed. And increasing the pressure gradient may not be effective because a high‐pressure gradient will aid breakthrough, instead of enhancing injected fluid invasion into the matrix.
Dehydration is a strong predictor of long‐term prognosis of thrombolysed patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Li Sha‐Sha , Yin Ming‐Ming , Zhou Zhong‐He , Chen Hui‐Sheng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground and PurposeDehydration was found to be involved in the poor prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke. It is unclear whether dehydration status before onset is related with prognosis of thrombolysed patients with acute ischemic stroke. If it is the case, quickly hydrating may improve the prognosis. The present study was designed to explore the issue.MethodsEligible 294 patients with acute ischemic stroke after thrombolysis were enrolled in the present study according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. According to the modified Rankin scale (mRS) 90 days post stroke, the patients were divided into two groups: mRS 0–2 (n = 191) and mRS 3–6 (n = 103). In the present study, BUN/Cr ≥ 15 combined with USG > 1.010 or either of them were chosen as dehydration marker. Clinical data were analyzed between two groups. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were carried out.ResultsAge, fibrinogen, blood glucose, BUN/Cr, NIHSS score at admission, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) before thrombolysis, dehydration status (BUN/Cr ≥ 15 plus USG > 1.010), hyperlipidemia, USG and D‐dimer on admission day, and TOAST classification showed significant difference between two groups (p < .05). Further stratification analysis showed that BUN/Cr ≥ 15, NIHSS ≥ 6, blood glucose ≥8, and SBP > 150 were markedly associated with poor outcome (mRS 3–6, p < .05). After adjusting for age, fibrinogen, USG, D‐dimer, dehydration status, NIHSS, blood glucose, SBP, hyperlipidemia, and BUN/Cr at admission, multivariate logistic regression showed that dehydration status, higher NIHSS, higher blood glucose, and higher SBP at admission were independent risk factors for predicting the long‐term poor prognosis of thrombolysed patients.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that BUN/Cr ≥ 15 combined with USG > 1.010 as a marker of dehydration status was an independent risk factor for long‐term poor prognosis of thrombolysed patients with acute ischemic stroke.
An Efficient Numerical Approach for Transient Simulation of Multiphase Flow Behavior in Centrifuges
Authors: Hammerich Simon , Gleiß Marco , Kespe Michael , Nirschl Hermann 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSolid bowl centrifuges are applied for the separation of small particles in a variety of industries. However, the particles accumulate at the rotor wall, which leads to a time‐dependent separation efficiency. A numerical approach for spatial and time‐resolved simulations of the separation process in a tube centrifuge is developed and some numerical results are presented. The back coupling of the dispersed and sedimented particles is realized by locally defined viscosity functions. The open source computation software OpenFOAM was used to simulate the turbulent multiphase flow within the centrifuge. The numerical investigations demonstrate the significant influence of the growing sediment on the flow conditions and of the rheological behavior of the sediment on the sediment shape.
A General Approach Based on Sampled‐Current Voltammetry for Minimizing Electrode Fouling in Electroanalytical Detection
Authors: Mazerie Isabelle , Didier Pierre , Razan Florence , Hapiot Philippe , Coulon Nathalie , Girard Aurélie , de Sagazan Olivier , Floner Didier , Geneste Florence 
Published: October 2017

AbstractElectrochemical analysis of species known to passivate electrode surfaces remains challenging. We previously proposed a new method, dealing with sampled‐current voltammetry performed on an electrode array to mimic polarography at a dropping mercury electrode for the detection of copper. In this work, we study the effectiveness of this method to circumvent electrode fouling with the analysis of phenol solutions at high concentrations (10−2 mol L−1), known to polymerize on electrode surface during its oxidation. Electrode arrays well‐adapted to the analysis with such system are prepared by photolithography and characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and voltammetry. Although analyses performed in conventional linear voltammetry or sampled‐current voltammetry on a single electrode are considerably affected by electrode fouling, a linear calibration plot was achievable using our method. Modeling of the electrochemical signal showed that the current depends only on the applied potential and a parameter characteristic of the passivation phenomenon. It also underlined that sampled‐current voltammetry on an electrode array can circumvent the problem of passivation by a judicious choice of the sampling time.
A study on the acidic hydrolysis of cyclic phosphinates: 1‐Alkoxy‐3‐phospholene 1‐oxides, 1‐ethoxy‐3‐methylphospholane 1‐oxide, and 1‐ethoxy‐3‐methyl‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexahydrophosphinine 1‐oxide
Authors: Keglevich György , Rádai Zita , Harsági Nikoletta , Szigetvári Áron , Kiss Nóra Zsuzsa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe hydrochloric acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphinates was studied on 1‐alkoxy‐3‐phospholene 1‐oxides, 1‐ethoxy‐3‐methylphospholane 1‐oxide, and 1‐ethoxy‐3‐methyl‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexahydrophosphinine 1‐oxide as the model compounds. Under the conditions applied, the isomerization of the 3‐phospholene moiety to the 2‐phospholene ring also occurred leading to mixtures of the corresponding 1‐hydroxy‐3‐phospholene oxide and 1‐hydroxy‐2‐phospholene oxide. According to our optimized method, using 3 equivalents (0.5 mL) of concentrated hydrochloric acid in 1 mL of water per ca. 2 mmol of the substrate at reflux, the completion required 3‐10 hour. The hydrolyses were characterized by pseudo‐first‐order rate constants and the isomerizations by rate constants. The application of p‐toluenesulfonic acid under microwave irradiation at 140°C in the hydrolysis of 1‐alkoxy‐3‐methyl‐3‐phospholene oxides associated with reaction times of 1‐3 hour. The reactivity order of the 5‐ and 6‐ring phosphinates in hydrolysis was set up.
Synthesis of new organophosphorus‐substituted fulvenes with indenyl moieties
Authors: Prishchenko Andrey A. , Livantsov Mikhail V. , Novikova Olga P. , Livantsova Ludmila I. , Petrosyan Valery S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe convenient syntheses of new organophosphorus‐substituted benzofulvenes with indenyl moieties from bis(trimethylsilyl) inden‐2‐ylphosphonate and substituted azomethines in the presence of the effective initiator‐sodium hydride are developed. The following treatment of phosphonates with methanolic sodium methylate gives stable water‐soluble disodium salts of corresponding phosphonic acids.