bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable spatiotemporal ungulate behavioral response to predation risk
Authors: Schooler Sarah L. , Svoboda Nathan J. , Kellner Kenneth F. , Pu Ge , Finnegan Shannon P. , Belant Jerrold L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrey must balance resource acquisition with predator avoidance for survival and reproduction. To reduce risk of predation, prey may avoid areas with high predator use, but if they are unable to due to resource acquisition requirements, they may instead change their habitat use or movement speed to mitigate predation risk. Prey risk response may depend on spatially or temporally varying forage availability as well as seasonal variation in prey vulnerability and availability of alternate foods for predators. To quantify how prey respond to spatial and temporal variation in risk of brown bear predation, we examined Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti) spatiotemporal behavior responses to brown bear (Ursus arctos) habitat use on Afognak and Raspberry islands, Alaska, using Global Positioning System location data during elk parturition (20 May–15 June), summer (16 June–20 September), and autumn (21 September–10 November). During parturition and summer, elk used forest and shrub landcover in areas of higher brown bear probability of use. During parturition, elk used areas with lower forage productivity in areas of higher bear probability of use, and movement speed decreased with higher bear probability of use, especially in shrub landcover. During summer, elk used areas with higher forage productivity in areas of higher brown bear probability of use. During autumn, elk were less likely to use areas with higher bear habitat probability of use across landcover categories and forage productivity. During summer and autumn, elk movement speed increased with higher brown bear probability of use. Elk behavioral response to risk of brown bear predation could increase energy expenditure and decrease their ability to acquire forage, therefore negatively impacting survival and reproduction with spatiotemporal variation in risk response potentially amplifying these impacts.
A Hybrid Strategy Two‐Dimensional Concrete Aggregate Filling Algorithm
Authors: Tian Xu , Ao Jun , Ma ChunBo , Shi JunJie , Guo HanJun 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAccurate and highly efficient construction of numerical concrete models with different gradations is important to analyze the acoustic properties of ultrasonic waves in concrete. The random aggregates‐based method is a classic approach to meso‐structural modeling of concrete and is particularly suitable for generating models with low‐density aggregates. However, when facing the simulation requirements of concrete models with large volumes, small particle sizes, and high aggregate content, traditional random aggregates‐based methods encounter challenges in satisfying aggregate packing density and modeling efficiency. In order to improve the efficiency of aggregate placement in modeling concrete meso‐models, we proposed a hybrid‐strategy point cloud placement algorithm that combines the re‐placement and sedimentation strategies. Then, the algorithm's effectiveness in improving the modeling efficiency is verified by reconstruction experiments on random aggregate models with different aggregate grades. Finally, the model's reliability and validity is further confirmed by simulation analysis of the ultrasonic attenuation characteristics of the model. The results show that the algorithm can rapidly generate more than 75% aggregate packing density concrete specimens and significantly outperforms similar algorithms regarding aggregate placement efficiency and model generation time. In addition, the model generated by the proposed algorithm can accurately simulate the attenuation characteristics of ultrasonic waves in concrete.
First‐in‐human microelectrode recordings from the vagus nerve during clinical vagus nerve stimulation
Authors: Patros Mikaela , Farmer David G. S. , Moneghetti Kegan , Ottaviani Matteo M. , Sivathamboo Shobi , Simpson Hugh D. , O'Brien Terence J. , Macefield Vaughan G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an effective treatment for people with drug‐resistant epilepsy. However, its mechanisms of action are poorly understood, including which nerve fibers are activated in humans during VNS in typical clinical settings and which are required for clinical efficacy. In particular, there have been no intraneural recordings of vagus nerve fiber activation in awake humans undergoing chronic VNS. In this study, for the first time, we report recordings from the vagus nerve in this setting.MethodsThe recordings were performed using a sterile tungsten microelectrode inserted percutaneously into the cervical vagus nerve under ultrasound guidance. The clinical VNS systems were used to deliver stimulation while activity in the vagus nerve was recorded.ResultsIn addition to activating myelinated axons at low currents, we provide evidence that VNS can also activate unmyelinated C fibers in the vagus nerve at currents <1 mA.ConclusionsThese results add to our understanding of how VNS exerts its beneficial effects in drug‐resistant epilepsy.Plain Language StatementHere we describe for the first time, electrical recordings from the vagus nerve in awake drug‐resistant epilepsy patients with an implanted vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) device. We found that the VNS device was able to activate both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers within the vagus nerve, which contributes to our understanding of how VNS works in the context of drug‐resistant epilepsy.
Progressive postoperative atrophy of ipsilateral thalamus, putamen, and globus pallidus in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: A volumetric analysis
Authors: Pejovic Aleksa , Jokovic Zorica , Koepp Matthias , Dakovic Marko , Bascarevic Vladimir , Jovanovic Marija , Vojvodic Nikola , Sokic Dragoslav , Ristic Aleksandar J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveCortical atrophy close to medial temporal structures has been described consistently in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Successful TLE surgery may have a neuroprotective effect preventing further atrophy of temporal and extratemporal cortex. However, the effects of epilepsy surgery on subcortical structures demand additional enlightenment. This work aimed to determine how epilepsy surgery affects volumes of subcortical structures in medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy patients.MethodsWe compared MRI volumes of subcortical structures in 62 patients with TLE (36 left, 26 right) before and after anterior temporal lobectomy with 38 TLE patients (20 left, 18 right) who were considered to be good surgical candidates and had at least two brain MRIs.ResultsThere were no volume differences in subcortical structures on preoperative and initial MRIs of non‐operated TLE patients. At baseline, the ipsilateral thalamus and putamen in TLE patients were marginally smaller than contralateral structures. Operated patients showed a significant postoperative volume reduction in ipsilateral thalamus, putamen, and globus pallidus. In contrast, there were no significant volumetric reductions in non‐operated patients longitudinally. There were no volumetric changes associated with different surgical outcomes or different postoperative cognitive outcomes.SignificanceOur study demonstrated postoperative volume loss of thalamus, putamen and globus pallidus ipsilaterally to the side of resection. Our findings suggest surgery‐related changes, likely Wallerian degeneration within subcortical networks not related to seizure or cognitive outcome.Plain Language SummaryWe studied 100 patients with epilepsy, comparing those who had surgery to those who did not. After surgery, the thalamus, putamen and globus pallidus on the same side as the surgery shrank significantly, but not in non‐surgery patients. This suggests surgery‐related changes in deeper brain structures, unrelated to seizure freedom or cognitive outcomes. This research sheds additional light on the response of the subcortical structure to epilepsy surgery, highlighting potential areas for further study.
Using the Discrete Wavelet Transform for Lossy On‐the‐Fly Compression of GPU Fluid Simulations
Authors: Flint Clément , Huppé Atoli , Helluy Philippe , Bramas Bérenger , Genaud Stéphane 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHigh‐performance computing in fluid dynamics frequently confronts substantial memory demands, especially in large‐scale applications. Data compression techniques can alleviate these memory constraints, but introduce new challenges. This paper introduces an innovative on‐the‐fly low‐overhead lossy compression technique tailored for GPU‐based fluid simulations, utilizing the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The technique is applicable to any numerical scheme where the data is stored on a regular grid and the time step is computed using a stencil. Our approach significantly diminishes memory requirements, achieving up to a 10‐fold long‐term reduction on a D3Q27 simulation, while minimally impacting the simulation accuracy. The methodology is built around careful design choices to achieve a satisfactory compression ratio/speed trade‐off. It effectively maintains mass conservation and accurately preserves essential discontinuities in simulations. Extensive testing with a D3Q27 Lattice‐Boltzmann method (LBM) simulation on a single GPU has shown that large‐scale grids can be processed with minimal impact on the simulation accuracy and acceptable compression times. This compression technique demonstrates a robust capability to handle memory limitations in fluid simulations, opening the door to more complex and larger‐scale simulations.
Surgeon Review of 4D CT for Identification of Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: Kurian Keerthi E. , Hamdi Osama , Roecker Zoe A. , Barker Simone A. , Strumpf Andrew , Garneau Jonathan C. , Shonka David C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPreoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas aids surgical planning for patients with hyperparathyroidism. This study explores the diagnostic accuracy of surgeon‐reviewed 4D computed tomography (4D CT) scans for localization of parathyroid adenomas.MethodsA retrospective review of 95 patients with hyperparathyroidism who underwent parathyroidectomy at a tertiary care center was performed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy of identifying abnormal glands by surgeon, and interrater reliability between two head and neck surgeons was assessed.ResultsThe sensitivity of surgeon localization of all glands was 71% (95% CI, 63%–78%), improving to 76% when combined with radiology reads. The specificity was 98% (95% CI, 95%–99%), the positive predictive value was 95% (95% CI, 90%–99%), and the negative predictive value was 84% (95% CI, 79%–88%) for all abnormal glands. Interrater reliability between surgeons was κ = 0.771.ConclusionsThe diagnostic accuracy of surgeon localization of abnormal glands on the 4D CT scan was substantial. Improvement with radiology report integration highlights the benefits of multidisciplinary collaboration. Interrater reliability between two fellowship‐trained surgeons was moderate. These findings support the importance of surgeons developing proficiency in reading 4D CT scans to engage in interdisciplinary communication and improve patient outcomes.
Perioperative Mechanical Circulatory Support for Cardiac Assistance in Thoracic Surgery: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Agosta Viviana Teresa , D'Andria Ursoleo Jacopo , Bugo Samuele , Bottussi Alice , Losiggio Rosario , Monaco Fabrizio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsOver the past decades, the number of cardiac patients (e.g., with advanced heart failure or existing cardiovascular comorbidities that expose them to a heightened risk of acute cardiovascular decompensation) requiring noncardiac surgery is rising. For this patient population, potentially curative surgical treatments may be denied due to their prohibitive perioperative risk. Around 30% of patients undergoing general thoracic surgery experience cardiovascular complications of varying severity that may ultimately result in refractory heart failure and/or hemodynamic instability. In both these scenarios, perioperative implantation of temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) may improve patient outcomes by both expanding preoperative surgical eligibility criteria and enabling safer management of unexpected periprocedural complications. This scoping review seeks to summarize the current existing evidence on the role of tMCS for cardiac assistance in thoracic surgery and provide a thorough overview.MethodsWe will perform a scoping review adhering to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and the extension for Scoping Reviews of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis checklist (PRISMA). We will carry out a comprehensive search of several online databases to identify studies on the perioperative implantation of tMCS in patients undergoing thoracic surgery to provide cardiac assistance either due to their heightened preoperative cardiac risk (pre‐emptive tMCS) or for acute cardiac failure due to inherent surgical complications (bail‐out tMCS). Standardized forms will be employed to perform data charting and extraction.ResultsRetrieved studies will be presented through a narrative synthesis following initial categorization, supplemented by descriptive statistical analyses of quantitative data if adequate inter‐study homogeneity is observed and further complemented by figures and tables.ConclusionThe planned scoping review aims to assess the safety and feasibility of perioperative implantation of tMCS in patients undergoing thoracic surgery either to mitigate their heightened cardiovascular risk or as a rescue strategy in the event of life‐threatening surgical complications. It will identify knowledge gaps, offer direction for future research, and improve clinical practices within the field.
MiR‐144/451 attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced lung inflammation by downregulating Rac1 and STAT‐3 in macrophages
Authors: He Sheng , Gao Xiang , Yang Lei , Li Xiuru , Mo Yan , He Zhenpeng , Hou Ruitao , Yuan Xiaoling , Fang Lei , Yu Duonan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMicroRNAs have been shown to play a critical role in lung inflammatory diseases. Here, we report that knocking out miR‐144/451 in mice exacerbates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced lung inflammation. The lung inflammation in mice was induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS. Loss‐of‐function experiments demonstrated that miR‐144/451 gene knockout (KO) increased LPS‐induced lung inflammation and oxidant stress compared with wild‐type (WT) mice, as manifested by increased total bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells and neutrophil counts, elevated TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, enhanced myeloperoxidase activity, and reduced catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity in lung tissues. We also found that LPS significantly decreased miR‐451 expression in lung tissues and macrophages; while miR‐451 overexpression in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells remarkably reduced TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, suggesting a feedback loop might exist in inflammatory cells. Rac1 mRNA and protein levels were downregulated in miR‐451‐overexpressed RAW264.7 cells. Ex vivo stimulation experiments, performed using alveolar macrophages isolated from miR‐144/451 KO mice, confirmed that Rac1 inhibitor alleviated levels of TNF‐α and ROS in response to LPS stimulation compared with WT controls. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that STAT‐3 is a direct target of miR‐451. STAT‐3 protein levels were elevated in miR‐144/451 KO macrophages. LPS treatment also resulted in higher phosphorylation levels of STAT‐3 in macrophages from KO mice than in WT cells. Our study identified miR‐144/451 as an anti‐inflammatory factor in LPS‐induced lung inflammation that acts by downregulating Rac1 and STAT‐3.
The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at Upper Mississippi River Basin–Ames
Authors: Kovar John L. , Papanicolaou Athanasios N. , Busch Dennis L. , Chatterjee Amitava , Cole Kevin J. , Dalzell Brent J. , Emmett Bryan D. , Johnson Jane M. F. , Malone Robert W. , Morrow Amy J. , Nowatzke Laurie W. , O'Brien Peter L. , Prueger John H. , Rogovska Natalia , Ruis Sabrina J. , Todey Dennis P. , Wacha Ken M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAgricultural systems evolve from the interactions of climate, crops, soils, management practices (e.g., tillage, cover crops, nutrient management), and economic risks and rewards. Alternatives to the corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (C–S) cropping systems that dominate in the US Midwest may provide more sustainable use of resources, reduce the documented environmental impacts of current C–S systems, and improve production efficiency and ecosystem services. Innovative management practices are needed to offer producers options to increase farm resilience to variable weather conditions and offset negative environmental impacts. In response to this need, the Upper Mississippi River Basin Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research network site at Ames, IA, established a cropland experiment in 2016 to investigate an alternative crop management system that includes reduced tillage, cover crops, and right source, right rate, right time, and right place (4R) nitrogen (N) management. The experimental site is located on the Iowa State University Kelley Research Farm in Boone County, IA. Crop, soil, air, and tile drainage water measurements are made throughout the year using published methods for each agronomic and environmental metric. Our goal is to provide quantitative information to farmers, consultants, agribusiness partners, and state and federal agencies to help guide decisions on the effective use of alternative management practices. Future changes in experimental treatments will adopt a knowledge co‐production approach whereby researchers and stakeholders will work collaboratively to identify problems, implement research protocols, and interpret results.
Characteristics, clinical care, and outcomes of sepsis among patients boarding in the emergency department
Authors: Blank Jessica A. , King Jessie E. , Grant Julieann F. , Tian Shuo , Shrestha Sachita , England Peter , Paje David , Taylor Stephanie P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients who first meet clinical criteria for sepsis while boarding in the emergency department (ED) may not receive optimal sepsis care.ObjectiveAssess the association between ED boarding status and sepsis quality of care and outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to a large academic hospital from July 2021 to October 2023 who had clinical features consistent with sepsis present while physically in the ED. We compared outcomes for patients who experienced time zero (T‐0; the time clinical features of sepsis were first present) while boarding in the ED (physically in the ED but admitted to a different service) to those experiencing T‐0 while still under the care of the ED provider team. We used logistic regression to estimate the association between ED boarding status at T‐0 and compliance with the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: Management Bundle (SEP‐1) core measure, individual bundle element compliance, and hospital mortality adjusting for prespecified covariates. In a subgroup analysis among patients who had not already received antibiotics before T‐0, we conducted a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the association between boarding status on time‐to‐antibiotics.ResultsAmong 4795 patients meeting a clinical definition of sepsis in the ED, 422 (8.8%) experienced T‐0 as ED boarders. These patients were similar in age, sex, and comorbidities compared with patients experiencing T‐0 while still under ED care. Fewer patients with T‐0 as an ED boarder received SEP‐1 compliant care (25% vs. 38%, p < .001), including a lower proportion of fluid resuscitation (15% vs. 26%, p = .004) and lactate assessment (62% vs. 94%, p < .001). Overall, more patients in the ED boarder group received antibiotics within 3 hours, but one‐third of patients had already received antibiotics prior to T‐0. Among patients who had not already received antibiotics prior to T‐0, experiencing T‐0 as an ED boarder was associated with a decreased likelihood of receiving antibiotics (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.67 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54–0.84]) and longer time to antibiotics from T‐0 (142 min vs. 100 min, p = .007).ConclusionsSepsis patients experiencing T‐0 as a boarder in the ED have a lower likelihood of receiving SEP‐1 compliant care compared to patients who experience T‐0 while still under ED care.
Anatomy and Immunohistochemistry of Woodpecker Tail Muscles
Authors: Spainhower Kyle , Meyers Ron A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWoodpeckers (Order Piciformes) belong to a group of birds characterized by their hammering capabilities in which the bill is utilized as a tool to probe for food and to excavate nest cavities. They have numerous specializations for this behavior, including their bill and tongue, feet for gripping vertical tree trunks, and tail feathers with thickened shafts to provide stability as a postural appendage. We hypothesized that (1) woodpecker tail musculature is also modified for clinging behaviors with a heterogeneous distribution of fast and slow muscle fibers, and that (2) the tree‐trunk foraging Hairy Woodpeckers would have more slow muscle fibers in their M. depressor caudae than Northern Flickers, which forage on the ground where they probe the substrate for insects. We performed immunohistochemistry to identify the fiber type distributions for tail muscles Mm. caudofemoralis pars caudalis, lateralis caudae, levator caudae, and depressor caudae in four Hairy Woodpeckers and five Northern Flickers. Our results show that these tail muscles in the two woodpecker species are comprised of a majority of fast muscle fibers common among dynamic locomotor muscles. Interestingly, we report a functionally‐significant distribution of slow muscle fibers in M. depressor caudae predicted to be utilized in propping of the tail during tree climbing and support. Further, we found more slow fibers (13.80% ± 4.49%) in the trunk‐foraging Hairy Woodpeckers compared with the ground‐foraging Northern Flicker (7.40% ± 4.95%), which we interpret to be related to the trunk‐foraging habits of Hairy Woodpeckers.
Working from everywhere: The future of work and inclusive organizational behavior (IOB)
Authors: Georgiadou Andri , Özbilgin Mustafa , Özkazanç‐Pan Banu 
Published: October 2024

SummaryThe rapid digitalization of work, accelerated by the COVID‐19 pandemic, has fundamentally transformed organizational behavior and necessitated a reconceptualization of inclusion in virtual spaces. This editorial synthesizes six groundbreaking studies that advance our understanding of inclusive organizational behavior (IOB) in digital contexts. Drawing on these contributions, we propose a novel, multilevel framework for digital IOB that integrates individual, group, and organizational factors shaping inclusive experiences in virtual and hybrid work arrangements. Key themes emerging from the studies include (1) reconceptualizing inclusion for digital contexts, (2) multilevel dynamics of digital inclusion, and (3) technology as both enabler and barrier to inclusion. Our framework conceptualizes digital IOB as arising from complex interactions between individual, group, and organizational factors, mediated and moderated by technological infrastructures and practices. We discuss theoretical and practical implications, highlighting the need for holistic, systemic approaches to fostering digital inclusion and outlining promising avenues for future research in this critical area.