bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of processing conditions on the system parameters during single screw extrusion of blend containing apple pomace
Authors: Singha Poonam , Muthukumarappan Kasiviswanathan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe nutritional profile of apple pomace and soy makes them ideal for development of a new extruded snack food with health benefits. Understanding how blend of apple pomace, defatted soy flour, and corn grits behave under different process conditions during extrusion will help in formulating the extrusion process. Experimental design with apple pomace level (0–20%), barrel and die temperature (100–140 °C), screw speed (100–200 rpm), and moisture content of blend (14–20% wet basis) as independent variables produced 27 different combinations that were studied using response surface methodology to investigate the effect of these variables on system parameters (apparent viscosity, mass flow rate, torque, die pressure, dough temperature, and SME). As the temperature profile increased, apparent viscosity, die pressure and specific mechanical energy decreased. Increase in apple pomace level resulted in significant (p < .05) decrease in apparent viscosity, SME, and torque, and significant (p < .05) increase in the mass flow rate. Response surface regression models were established to correlate the system parameters to the process variables. The data obtained from the study could be used for control of extrusion process of blends containing the aforementioned ingredients.Practical applicationsDuring extrusion process, the shearing effect of screws along with thermal energy and other extruding conditions modifies the rheological, physical and chemical properties of the raw materials. Investigating the changes in system parameters will provide better insight into understanding such modifications. In this study, we have chosen raw materials that are high in protein and fiber, and the effect of extrusion processing on the system parameters such as viscosity, SME, MFR, and torque was evaluated. The study provides new experimental data of system parameters of apple pomace‐soy flour‐corn grits dough during single screw extrusion. The results obtained will be of great significance for formulation and development of snacks using the above mentioned raw materials.
Reconstitution potentials and moisture sorption isotherms of selected freeze dried Nigerian soups
Authors: Raji Akeem Olayemi , Akinoso Rahman , Aruna Tawakalitu Eniola , Raji Monsurat Oyewale 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSelected Nigerian soups were freeze dried with the aim of establishing their storage stabilities and reconstitution potentials. Freshly prepared soups were freeze‐dried under vacuum for 12–14 hr. Sorption isotherms were determined at 27 °C using gravimetric method at water activities (aw) of 0.1 − 0.8. Reconstitution potentials were determined at 30 and 100 °C using gravimetric methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS for the best fit model equations (Peleg, GAB, Oswin, and Langmuir). The rehydration ratios of the freeze dried soups ranged from 1.00 to 9.11 g absorbed water/g dry matter. Soups were optimally reconstituted at 30 °C for 30 min and at 100 °C for 5 min. The equilibrium moisture contents of freeze dried soups ranged from 8.84 to 27.50%. The GAB model was the best estimator for predicting the monolayer moisture contents of the soups, which ranged from 7.87 to 9.82% (dry basis), and were within the acceptable limit of 10% dry basis for good storage stability.Practical applicationsTraditionally, soups are generally reheated several times in the day to prevent spoilage, while in modern homes, most soups are kept under frozen condition to preserve them and to avoid nutritional loses which can arise as a result of periodical heating once used, but these methods of soup preservation had been shown to lead to losses of nutrients. Development of shelf stable soups that requires little energy to preserve them for considerable length of time is desirable. Freeze drying (FD) is a gentle technique, which retains the nutritional and sensory properties of food products and their final products can be reconstituted easily by simple addition of liquid. The moisture sorption isotherms, which describe water activity food products are of special interest in the design of Nigerian soups FD process and are also required for the prediction of soups storage stability, shelf life, and calculation of drying time.
Assessment of irrigation water quality and microbiological safety of leafy greens in different production systems
Authors: Jongman Mosimanegape , Korsten Lise 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFoodborne disease outbreaks associated with fresh produce irrigated with contaminated water are a constant threat to consumer health. In this study, the impact of irrigation water on product safety from different food production systems (commercial to small‐scale faming and homestead gardens) was assessed. Hygiene indicators (total coliforms, Escherichia coli), and selected foodborne pathogens (Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7) of water and leafy green vegetables were analyzed. Microbiological parameters of all irrigation water (except borehole) exceeded maximum limits set by the Department of Water Affairs for safe irrigation water. Microbial parameters for leafy greens ranged from 2.94 to 4.31 log CFU/g (aerobic plate counts) and 1 to 5.27 log MPN/100g (total coliforms and E. coli). Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 were not detected in all samples tested but L. monocytogenes was present in irrigation water (commercial and small‐scale farm, and homestead gardens). This study highlights the potential riskiness of using polluted water for crop production in different agricultural settings.Practical applicationsThese results show that the microbial quality of surface water is deteriorating in different agricultural settings. This may be a possible preharvest source of contamination of leafy green vegetables, which may then constitute a health risk to consumers. The presence of Listeria monocytogenes along the food supply chain is a potential health risk if the pathogen proliferates leading to high quantities suitable for onset of listeriosis. The absence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the samples tested is an encouraging result. Food safety protocols should be extended to the informal sectors and homestead gardens.
Morphological and genetic responses of lactobacillus plantarum FQR to nitrite and its practical applications
Authors: Wei Tian , Mei Lin , Wang Zhi‐Geng , Xue Xiu‐heng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this article, the growth, morphological, and genetic responses of Lactobacillus plantarum FQR to nitrite were investigated. The growth and degrading ability of the strain to nitrite was delayed; slight changes were also observed on the cell surface. FQR exposed to 0.120% nitrite exhibited rough surfaces with folds, as shown by scanning electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy presented numerous white granules in the FQR incubated without nitrite, compared with FQR exposed to 0.045% and 0.120% nitrite. These granules are common energy storage molecules, which decrease with increasing nitrite concentration. In addition, nitrite reductase (nir) gene and membrane‐related genes were activated in varying degrees. A similar trend in relative gene expression indicated that the expression levels of membrane‐related genes (with the exception of lp_1403) in FQR increased significantly (p < .05) in the presence of 0.120% nitrite compared with 0.045% nitrite. However, a marked difference was shown for the nir gene in FQR; the nir gene exhibited a relatively low level of expression when exposed to 0.120% nitrite concentration. In summary, the cell morphology and genetic level of L. plantarum FQR were changed in varying degrees after treatment with different nitrite concentrations.Practical ApplicationsNitrite is an important food additive and nitrite pollution issues of fermented food have become an increasing concern given its potential hazards. L. plantarum has the function of degrading nitrite. However, the detailed mechanisms and pathways involved in the regulation of nitrite in L. plantarum were still unclear. In this article, the growth, morphological, and genetic responses of L. plantarum to nitrite were investigated. It serves as an important reference for future studies of the mechanism of signal transduction in L. plantarum and the mechanism of stress response, and to determine the possible regulating targets. In practice, it can serve as a reference for genetic engineering improvement of L. plantarum used in the fermented food industry reducing nitrite residue.
Survival of Staphylococcus aureus with different characteristics (antibiotic susceptibility, presence ica of gene, and colony morphology) in biofilms on stainless steel
Authors: Lee Jung‐Su , Bae Young‐Min , Moon Sung‐Kwon , Lee Sun‐Young 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of factors such as antibiotic susceptibility, presence of the ica gene, and colony morphology on the survival of Staphylococcus aureus in biofilm on a stainless steel surface at 43% and 68% relative humidity. Among the 19 S. aureus strains examined, 3 were negative for the ica gene, and cultivation in a Congo‐red broth showed a 100% correlation between the change in broth color to yellow or red and the absence of the ica gene. Correlation between survival and resistance to several antibiotics was evaluated; groups resistant to penicillin and ampicillin showed high survival on stainless steel at 43% and 68% relative humidity. However, there was no significant difference in survival between ica‐positive and ica‐negative strains or between strains showing different colony shapes on soft agar. Based on these results, the resistance to some antibiotics such as penicillin and ampicillin may be correlated with the survival of S. aureus biofilms on stainless steel surfaces.Practical applicationsVarious cell characteristics of S. aureus and the relationship between cell characteristics and survival in biofilms were evaluated. Colony morphology and the ica gene were not correlated with survival under dry conditions. However, the susceptibility to ampicillin and penicillin was correlated with survival. This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanism of survivals of S. aureus in biofilm under dry conditions.
Testing the validity and reliability of an instrument to measure nurses’ antipathy towards patients who self‐harm: Korean version of the Self‐Harm Antipathy Scale
Authors: Kwon ChaeRyung , Lee EunNam 
Published: November 2016

AimTo investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Self‐Harm Antipathy Scale (SHAS‐K) to be used to measure nurses’ antipathy towards patients who self‐harm.MethodsThe internal consistency reliability and construct validity, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, was evaluated.The survey data were collected from 249 nurses who worked in emergency care facilities in South Korea.ResultsThe Cronbach's α values regarding internal consistency were 0.54–0.88 for the subscales of the SHAS‐K. The factor loadings of the 26 items on the four subscales ranged from 0.44 to 0.86. The four‐subscale model was validated by a confirmatory factor analysis.ConclusionThis study shows that the SHAS‐K should be used with caution when measuring nurses’ antipathy towards patients in Korea who self‐harm.
Telestroke Imaging: A Review
Authors: Laghari Fahad J. , Hammer Maxim D. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe use of telecommunications technology to provide the healthcare services, telemedicine, has been in use since the 1860s. The use of technology has ranged from providing medical care to far‐off places during wartimes to monitoring physiological measurements of astronauts in space. Since the 1990s, reports have been published on diagnoses of neurological diseases with the use of video links. Studies confirm that the neurological examinations, including the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, performed during teleneurology are dependable. The transfer of stroke patients in rural hospitals to bigger medical centers delays treatment while there exists current and projected shortage of neurologists. Telestroke provides the solution. Patients suspected of acute stroke need a noncontrast computerized tomography (CT) scan for tissue plasminogen activator administration. Vascular imaging such as CT angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, and digital subtraction angiography can help show large‐vessel occlusion or critical stenosis responsive to endovascular therapy. A standard protocol can be followed to decide a vascular modality of choice, considering advantages and disadvantages of each imaging modality. Telestroke solves the problems of distance and of shortage of neurologists. Neuroimaging plays a vital role in the delivery of telestroke, and the telestroke doctor should be comfortable with making a decision on selecting an appropriate vascular imaging modality.
Impact of Dietary L‐Malic Acid Supplementation on Growth, Feed Utilization, Ash Deposition, and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism of Juvenile Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Chen Yong‐Jun , Zhang Ti‐Yin , Luo Li , Shi Ya‐Qing , Bai Fu‐Jing , Jiang Dong‐Neng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA 9‐wk feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of L‐malic acid (LMA) supplementation on growth, feed utilization, body composition, whole‐body mineral concentrations, and hepatic lipid metabolism of juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia. LMA was included in the diets at 0, 0.8, or 3.2%. LMA‐supplemented treatments began to demonstrate weight gain improvement at 7 wk. After 9 wk, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio were improved with either 0.8% or 3.2% LMA. Although whole‐body Fe, Mn, and Cu concentrations decreased, increased Ca and P concentrations contributed to improve whole‐body ash deposition with LMA inclusion. The concentrations of Na, K, Mg, and Zn and the Ca/P ratio of the whole body were not impacted by dietary treatments. Dietary LMA inclusion promoted whole‐body lipid deposition, which largely resulted from enhanced lipid accumulation in the liver and muscle tissues. In line with the increased liver lipid content, hepatic transcript levels of cytosolic malic enzyme 1 and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase a were upregulated, while mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and CPT1B were downregulated with LMA supplementation. However, increasing dietary LMA supply from 0.8 to 3.2% did not produce additional effects on most of the tested parameters, at least for a 9‐wk period. Taken together, it could be concluded that 0.8% LMA was superior to 3.2% LMA in tilapia feed and its inclusion could improve growth and feed utilization and enhance ash deposition and hepatic lipid accumulation.
Successful sleeve lobectomy of pediatric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
Authors: Genchellac Hakan , Kirici Mehmet Yadigar , Basaran Umit Nusret , Karamustafaoglu Yekta Altemur , Cagli Bekir , Tastekin Ebru 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an uncommon solid tumor that was originally described in the lung. A 4‐year‐old girl was admitted to hospital with urticarial rash. On chest radiographs, an opacity was seen in the inferior zone of the left lung, and computed tomography showed a mass in the left lower lobe. Left lower sleeve lobectomy was performed, and the diagnosis was confirmed as IMT. Sleeve resection is the best option in lesions located in the mainstem bronchus or secondary carina. Herein, we present a rare case of IMT of the lung that was successfully treated with sleeve lobectomy. There have been fewer than 15 childhood cases of IMT reported in the literature, and the present 4‐year‐old patient is one of the youngest.
Successful low‐dose radiotherapy treatment for Kasabach–Merritt syndrome
Authors: Yamamoto Shohei , Akiyama Kosuke , Kaneko Ryota , Hayashi Mayumi , Toyama Daisuke , Isoyama Keiichi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractKasabach–Merritt syndrome (KMS) is characterized by hemangioma associated with life‐threatening thrombocytopenia, and is a consumptive coagulopathy. Although treatments available include corticosteroids, α‐interferon, vincristine, and surgery, response may be unsatisfactory, and the mortality rate remains at approximately 30%. Although radiotherapy has been used effectively for KMS, it may cause growth retardation and secondary malignancy. We report a case of KMS in which hemangioma of the left thigh was successfully treated with low‐dose radiotherapy (6 Gy in six fractions, weekly) after failure of corticosteroid therapy. No significant late effects due to the radiotherapy were noted at 5 year follow up. Thus, low‐dose radiotherapy remains an important treatment method for KMS when patients fail to respond to other treatments.
Conservative treatment of massive hemothorax in a girl with neuroblastoma
Authors: Shiokawa Naohiro , Okamoto Yasuhiro , Kodama Yuichi , Nishikawa Takuro , Tanabe Takayuki , Mukai Motoi , Yoshioka Takako , Kawano Yoshifumi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report the case of a 1‐year‐old girl with stage 4 neuroblastoma who developed massive hemothorax due to tumor invasion before treatment. She presented with tachypnea, worsening anemia, and oxygen desaturation. Hemothorax was diagnosed based on chest radiography, ultrasonography, and diagnostic thoracic puncture results. High neuron‐specific enolase, vanillylmandelic acid, and homovanillic acid as well as computed tomography strongly supported a diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Chemotherapy along with intermittent puncture drainage, oxygen, and blood transfusion reduced the accumulated blood, and hemothorax disappeared within 1 week. Thus, it is possible to avoid invasive treatment for massive hemothorax by initiating chemotherapy for chemosensitive solid tumors, including neuroblastoma.
Low cardiac output thyroid storm in a girl with Graves’ disease
Authors: Chantra Marut , Limsuwan Alisa , Mahachoklertwattana Pat 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA 15‐year‐old girl with Graves’ disease presented with hypotension after methimazole and propranolol were re‐started for hyperthyroidism. She was found to have pulmonary artery hypertension resulting in obstructive shock. Thyroid storm was diagnosed according to Burch and Wartofsky score. She was promptly treated with anti‐thyroid drugs, inorganic iodide, corticosteroid, and respiratory support. Pulmonary hypertension was treated with inhaled nitric oxide until the clinical status improved. Propranolol was withdrawn due to poor cardiac function. We herein present a unique case of a difficult‐to‐treat Graves’ disease presenting with severe pulmonary hypertension resulting in low cardiac output thyroid storm.
Skin cancer risk education in pediatric solid organ transplant patients: an evaluation of knowledge, behavior, and perceptions over time
Authors: Coughlin Carrie C. , Pérez Maria , Kumar Monique G. , Jeffe Donna B. , Bayliss Susan J. , Sternhell‐Blackwell Kara 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSkin cancer risk is elevated in solid OTRs. Studies of skin cancer awareness and sun‐protection behaviors in pOTRs have not been reported. We measured effects over time of a multimodal educational intervention on knowledge of sun‐protection practices and skin cancer risk, engagement in sun‐protection behaviors, and self‐efficacy and perceived barriers to photoprotection in pOTRs, their guardians, and a comparison group of children and guardians. Knowledge about skin cancer risk increased in pOTRs and their guardians (P≤.01) and frequency of pOTRs’ sun‐protection behaviors reported by pOTRs and their guardians also improved.
Contrast Estimation for Parametric Stationary Determinantal Point Processes
Authors: Biscio Christophe Ange Napoléon , Lavancier Frédéric 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe study minimum contrast estimation for parametric stationary determinantal point processes. These processes form a useful class of models for repulsive (or regular, or inhibitive) point patterns and are already applied in numerous statistical applications. Our main focus is on minimum contrast methods based on the Ripley's K‐function or on the pair correlation function. Strong consistency and asymptotic normality of theses procedures are proved under general conditions that only concern the existence of the process and its regularity with respect to the parameters. A key ingredient of the proofs is the recently established Brillinger mixing property of stationary determinantal point processes. This work may be viewed as a complement to the study of Y. Guan and M. Sherman who establish the same kind of asymptotic properties for a large class of Cox processes, which in turn are models for clustering (or aggregation).
Efficacy of transfusion with fresh‐frozen plasma:red blood cell concentrate ratio of 1 or more for amniotic fluid embolism with coagulopathy: a case–control study
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Katsuragi Shinji , Osato Kazuhiro , Hasegawa Junichi , Nakata Masahiko , Murakoshi Takeshi , Yoshimatsu Jun , Sekizawa Akihiko , Kanayama Naohiro , Ishiwata Isamu , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDThe Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (JAOG) recommends transfusion with a fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP):red blood cell (RBC) ratio of 1 or more in postpartum hemorrhage. However, no global consensus exists concerning this, and little is known regarding the impact of FFP:RBC ratio on maternal mortality. This study evaluates the efficacy of transfusion with FFP:RBC ratio of 1 or more for amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) with coagulopathy.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe Maternal Death Exploratory Committee, established by the JAOG, conducted this retrospective nationwide case–control study in Japan. Women with AFE and coagulopathy were included in the study and were stratified into survival and death groups. Obstetric variables and therapy methods (hysterectomy, uterine artery embolism, and transfusion with FFP:RBC ratio ≥ 1) were compared between the survival and death groups.RESULTSA total of 54 women had AFE and coagulopathy (death group, n = 22; survival group, n = 32). Only nine (40.9%) women in the death group were transfused with FFP:RBC ratio of 1 or more, whereas 29 (90.6%) women in the survival group were transfused with FFP:RBC ratio of 1 or more. FFP:RBC ratio of 1 or more was found to be associated with better survival rate (adjusted odds ratio, 28.32; 95% confidence interval, 4.26‐188.37). No difference was found in obstetric variables, hysterectomy, and uterine artery embolism between survival and death groups.CONCLUSIONTransfusion with FFP:RBC ratio of 1 or more is associated with higher survival rate in women with AFE with coagulopathy.