bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of 4(5)‐Methylimidazole Using Cookie Model Systems
Authors: Jung Min‐Chul , Kim Mina K. , Lee Kwang‐Geun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the reduction of 4(5)‐methylimidazole (4‐MI) under various baking conditions. For 4‐MI analysis, an analytical method using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was developed. The developed method was validated with linearity (r2 > 0.999), recovery (101% to 103%, 3 levels), and precision (1.5% to 4.3%, 3 levels). Limits of detection and quantification were 18.5 and 56.0 μg/kg, respectively. This method was used to monitor the level of 4‐MI in 11 commercial cookies, which ranged from 71.5 to 1254.8 μg/kg. Time and temperature were modified in the cookie model system to reduce 4‐MI. The largest reduction in 4‐MI (56%) was achieved by baking at 140 °C for 8 min; however the cookies baked at this condition were not well accepted by consumers. With combination of consumer liking test result, baking cookies at 140 °C for 16 min is optimal for 4‐MI reduction (28% reduction), while it has minimal impact on consumer acceptance. A strong correlation (r2 = 0.9981) was found between caramel colorant and 4‐MI in the cookie model system.Practical ApplicationA consumer awareness toward toxicity of 4‐MI has been arising, and method to reduce the levels of 4‐MI in food products are being developed in many studies. Yet, these reduction studies in food model systems only focused on use of food additives for 4‐MI reduction. Current study investigated the use of process modification on 4‐MI reduction in cookie, and suggested that baking cookies longer at lower temperature, in turn, reduces the levels of 4‐MI in cookies without compromising consumer acceptance. Finding from current study can practically aid bakery industry to ensure safety of bakery products without affecting consumer likings.
Bacteria utilizing plant‐derived carbon in the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum change in different depths of an arable soil
Authors: Uksa Marie , Buegger Franz , Gschwendtner Silvia , Lueders Tillmann , Kublik Susanne , Kautz Timo , Athmann Miriam , Köpke Ulrich , Munch Jean Charles , Schloter Michael , Fischer Doreen 
Published: September 2017

SummaryRoot exudates shape microbial communities at the plant‐soil interface. Here we compared bacterial communities that utilize plant‐derived carbon in the rhizosphere of wheat in different soil depths, including topsoil, as well as two subsoil layers up to 1 m depth. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse using soil monoliths with intact soil structure taken from an agricultural field. To identify bacteria utilizing plant‐derived carbon, 13C‐CO2 labelling of plants was performed for two weeks at the EC50 stage, followed by isopycnic density gradient centrifugation of extracted DNA from the rhizosphere combined with 16S rRNA gene‐based amplicon sequencing. Our findings suggest substantially different bacterial key players and interaction mechanisms between plants and bacteria utilizing plant‐derived carbon in the rhizosphere of subsoils and topsoil. Among the three soil depths, clear differences were found in 13C enrichment pattern across abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Whereas, OTUs linked to Proteobacteria were enriched in 13C mainly in the topsoil, in both subsoil layers OTUs related to Cohnella, Paenibacillus, Flavobacterium showed a clear 13C signal, indicating an important, so far overseen role of Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes in the subsoil rhizosphere.
Innovation in the UAE: From First Foundations to ‘Beyond Oil’
Authors: Abou Hana Mona 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe UAE's evolution from first foundations to the country that it is today as well as the vision it holds for the future is masterfully shaped by the Government's determination to the innovation agenda coupled with the passion and active participation of the private sector in the UAE. This article looks into the innovation drivers, major milestones, accomplishments of this relatively young yet highly achieving country and provides insights others can gain from. The article also highlights considerations for all countries in the Middle East region to reflect on in terms of 1) acting fast to keep up with the pace required for innovation, 2) being flexible, adapting to change and learning from failure, 3) being open for the wisdom of the crowds as well as partnerships and collaborations, and finally 4) getting on and following through the implementation of the innovation agenda.
Entrepreneurship: A New Era for Bahrain's Economy?
Authors: Al‐Shakar Areije 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe entrepreneur eco‐system has drastically evolved over the past seven years in Bahrain. From government driven initiatives focusing on building awareness and various grants offered through Bahrain's Labor Fund (Tamkeen): A whole cultural movement towards a more entrepreneurial society has uncovered from both the public and private sector perspectives. It is now the time where we can see that both the public and private sector are aligned as to the importance of building an entrepreneurial economy building up Bahrain's economy to reach various strategic national goals, such as the Economic Vision 2030.
Sexual dimorphism in jaw muscles of the Japanese sparrowhawk (Accipiter gularis)
Authors: Wang H. , Yan J. , Zhang Z. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryMaterials suitable for anatomical research of raptorial birds are rare. Bird‐eating raptors show distinct inter‐sexual differences in body size and parental roles. The large females catch larger prey and prepare small morsels to feed their young using their hooked beaks. Here, we investigated the architectural properties of different jaw muscles of the Japanese sparrowhawk (Accipiter gularis) and examined whether there is sexual dimorphism in their architectural design. The results showed that musculus depressor mandibulae, the opener of the lower jaw, was characterized by relatively long fascicle length, whereas musculus pterygoideus was characterized by its larger mass and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) in both sexes. Females have the potential capacity to produce rapid and strong bites by their significantly longer fascicle length of M. depressor mandibulae and larger mass and PCSA of M. pterygoideus. For body size‐matched gender, jaw muscles of males had fibres of relatively longer length than females, enabling greater velocity and excursion. Architectural characteristics of jaw muscles, together with the absolute dimorphism (the fascicle length of M. depressor mandibulae, the muscle mass and PCSA of M. pterygoideus) and relative dimorphism in the muscle mass of M. pterygoideus, reflect dietary difference and asymmetric parental roles between the sexes.
International publication trends originating from anaesthetic departments from 2001 to 2015
Authors: Ausserer J. , Miller C. , Putzer G. , Pehböck D. , Hamm P. , Wenzel V. , Paal P. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to analyse publication trends from the anaesthetic literature of the G‐20 countries. We performed a literature search in Medline to identify articles related to anaesthetic departments published between 2001 and 2015, by specific G‐20 countries according to the affiliation field of the authors, and to three time periods 2001–2005, 2006–2010 and 2011–2015. The number of articles, number of original articles (vs. reviews, editorials or correspondence), articles per million inhabitants, and citations per article were analysed. In total, 96,920 articles were published between 2001 and 2015 in 74 anaesthetic and in 4117 non‐anaesthetic journals, with an increase of +104% absolute (i.e. from 23,028 in 2001–05 to 46,887 articles ìn 2010–15) and +85% as articles per million inhabitants. Similarly, the number of original articles increased by 21%, but the anaesthetic specialty's share of original articles (as a proportion of total articles in biomedicine) decreased from 31% in 2001–2005 to 19% in 2011–2015 (−38%). The USA published most articles (2011–15 16,016; 31% of total), second came the EU as a whole and third Japan (from 2001 to 2005) or Germany (2006–2010) until 2011–2015 when China took over the third rank. In 2011–2015, Canada published most articles per million inhabitants (68.7 articles/million inhabitants). China and India exhibited the most publication growth 11‐ and 9‐fold, respectively, and are now among the top five countries for the number of published articles.
A systematic review of information format and timing before scheduled adult surgery for peri‐operative anxiety
Authors: Hounsome J. , Lee A. , Greenhalgh J. , Lewis S. R. , Schofield‐Robinson O. J. , Coldwell C. H. , Smith A. F. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWe included 34 trials with 3742 participants, identified through 6 database and supplementary searches (to May 2017): 29 were randomised; 4 were quasi‐randomised and 1 was cluster‐randomised. Disparate measurements and outcomes precluded meta‐analyses. Blinding was attempted in only 6 out of 34 (18%) trials. A multimedia format, alone or in combination with text or verbal formats, was studied in 20/34 (59%) trials: pre‐operative anxiety was unaffected in 10 out of 14 trials and reduced by the multimedia format in three; postoperative anxiety was unaffected in four out of five trials in which formats were compared. Multimedia formats increased knowledge more than text, which in turn increased knowledge more than verbal formats. Other outcomes were unaffected by information format. The timing of information did not affect pre‐operative anxiety, postoperative pain or length of stay. In conclusion, the effects of pre‐operative information on peri‐operative anxiety and other outcomes were affected little by format or timing.
STRIVING TO DELIVER: COMMERCIALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE IN IRELAND'S POSTAL SECTOR
Authors: CAHILL Catríona , PALCIC Dónal , REEVES Eoin 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIn 1984 the Irish postal service was corporatized from the Civil Service as An Post – a new commercial state‐owned enterprise. Focusing on the period 1984–2014 we examine the performance of An Post in the context of changes to its capital market status, competitive environment and internal organisation. Our analysis finds that during an ongoing process of commercialization the company recorded steady improvements in economic performance measured by both labour and total factor productivity. This trend of improvement ended in 2007 mainly due to the wider economic recession and increased levels of indirect competition from sources including electronic substitution of traditional mail. Looking forward, the scope for further improvements in productivity appears limited due to indirect competition and the requirement to provide a universal service. The future financial viability of An Post looks uncertain given the scale of challenges around these issues.
Use of systematic literature reviews in Canadian government departments: Where do we need to go?
Authors: Ouimet Mathieu , Jette Danny , Fonda Marc , Jacob Steve , Bédard Pierre‐Olivier 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe article reports on ongoing reflections on how to improve the structures and processes by which relevant research findings produced outside Canadian government departments (for example, in universities, think tanks or other research institutions) can be more effectively found, assessed for potential biases, synthesized and disseminated to provide support to government analysts, advisers and decision makers. The focus is on how to structure and routinize research use by government analysts and advisers within a large Canadian department that has a strategic research directorate and many program divisions. Our starting point is the current situation where literature reviews that are produced and used by government analysts and advisers do not correspond to the systematic review standards. We discuss four alternative models. In two models, the whole production process would be controlled from within the department. In the other two models, external actors such as university‐based teams or independent non‐governmental evidence centres would carry the leadership in producing those reviews.
Parental Co‐Construction of 5‐ to 13‐Year‐Olds' Global Self‐Esteem Through Reminiscing About Past Events
Authors: Harris Michelle A. , Donnellan M. B. , Guo Jen , McAdams Dan P. , Garnier‐Villarreal Mauricio , Trzesniewski Kali H. 
Published: September 2017

The current study explored parental processes associated with children's global self‐esteem development. Eighty 5‐ to 13‐year‐olds and one of their parents provided qualitative and quantitative data through questionnaires, open‐ended questions, and a laboratory‐based reminiscing task. Parents who included more explanations of emotions when writing about the lowest points in their lives were more likely to discuss explanations of emotions experienced in negative past events with their child, which was associated with child attachment security. Attachment was associated with concurrent self‐esteem, which predicted relative increases in self‐esteem 16 months later, on average. Finally, parent support also predicted residual increases in self‐esteem. Findings extend prior research by including younger ages and uncovering a process by which two theoretically relevant parenting behaviors impact self‐esteem development.
A two‐phase harmony search algorithm for continuous optimization
Authors: Assad Assif , Deep Kusum 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHarmony search (HS) algorithm is inspired by the music improvisation process in which a musician searches for the best harmony and continues to polish the harmony to improve its aesthetics. The efficiency of evolutionary algorithms depends on the extent of balance between diversification and intensification during the course of the search. An ideal evolutionary algorithm must have efficient exploration in the beginning and enhanced exploitation toward the end. In this paper, a two‐phase harmony search (TPHS) algorithm is proposed that attempts to strike a balance between exploration and exploitation by concentrating on diversification in the first phase using catastrophic mutation and then switches to intensification using local search in the second phase. The performance of TPHS is analyzed and compared with 4 state‐of‐the‐art HS variants on all the 30 IEEE CEC 2014 benchmark functions. The numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed TPHS algorithm in terms of accuracy, particularly on multimodal functions when compared with other state‐of‐the‐art HS variants; further comparison with state‐of‐the‐art evolutionary algorithms reveals excellent performance of TPHS on composition functions. Composition functions are combined, rotated, shifted, and biased version of other unimodal and multimodal test functions and mimic the difficulties of real search spaces by providing a massive number of local optima and different shapes for different regions of the search space. The performance of the TPHS algorithm is also evaluated on a real‐life problem from the field of computer vision called camera calibration problem, ie, a 12‐dimensional highly nonlinear optimization problem with several local optima.
Can State Tax Policy Increase Economic Activity and Reduce Inequality?
Authors: Cutler Harvey , Shields Martin , Davies Stephen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPrevious research shows that when changes in national commodity and income tax rates affect labor supply decisions differently, relative rates can be altered to increase welfare. In the U.S., 40 states impose both a sales and income tax; however, the reliance varies widely. This paper uses a computable general equilibrium model to examine tax policy changes in Colorado. The findings suggest that the revenue neutral changes to income and sales tax rates can affect both the level of economic activity and the distribution of income. When labor force participation is highly sensitive to income tax rate changes—which this paper suggests is the case—progressive changes to Colorado's tax policy changes can both reduce inequality and increase output and employment.
Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Burucoa Christophe , Axon Anthony 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe study of Helicobacter pylori genetic variability brought us interesting data on the history of mankind. Based on multilocus sequence typing and more recently on whole‐genome sequencing, paleomicrobiology still attracts the attention of global researchers in relation to its ancestor roots and coexistence with humans. Three studies determining the prevalence of virulence factors illustrates the controversial results obtained since 30 years by studies trying to associate prevalence of different virulence markers and clinical outcomes of H. pylori infection. Three articles analyzed the prevalence and risk of multiple (genetically distinct isolates) and mixed (susceptible and resistant isolates) infections. A number of studies confirm that H. pylori prevalence is falling worldwide especially in the developed world and in children but that the level of infection is higher in certain ethnic minorities and in Migrants. There is little new in identifying the mode of H. pylori transmission though intrafamilial spread appears to be important. There have, however, been some interesting papers on the presence of the organism in food, water, and the oral cavity.
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Bessède Emilie , Arantes Vitor , Mégraud Francis , Coelho Luiz Gonzaga 
Published: September 2017

AbstractImportant progress is being made in endoscopic methods which allow clinicians to predict the presence of Helicobacter pylori based on characteristics of gastric mucosa and to obtain targeted biopsies. There are also important developments in molecular methods with various techniques derived from standard PCR, applied both on gastric biopsies and stool specimens. Progress is being made in microfluidic systems to get a reliable diagnosis in a very short time. The interest of the 13C urea breath test has been confirmed as well as stool antigen tests. Attempts are being made to find biological markers of premalignant conditions by serology, other than pepsinogens.
Helicobacter: Inflammation, immunology and vaccines
Authors: Robinson Karen , Kaneko Kazuyo , Andersen Leif Percival 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHelicobacter pylori is usually acquired in early childhood and the infection persists lifelong without causing symptoms. In a small of cases, the infection leads to gastric or duodenal ulcer disease, or gastric cancer. Why disease occurs in these individuals remains unclear, however the host response is known to play a very important part. Understanding the mechanisms involved in maintaining control over the immune and inflammatory response is therefore extremely important. Vaccines against H. pylori have remained elusive but are desperately needed for the prevention of gastric carcinogenesis. This review focuses on research findings which may prove useful in the development of prognostic tests for gastric cancer development, therapeutic agents to control immunopathology, and effective vaccines.
Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection 2017
Authors: O'Connor Anthony , Lamarque Dominique , Gisbert Javier P. , O'Morain Colm 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis review summarizes important studies regarding Helicobacter pylori therapy published from April 2016 to April 2017. The main themes that emerge involve studies assessing the efficacy of bismuth and nonbismuth quadruple regimens. While in recent years, much of the emphasis on the use of bismuth has focussed on its utility in a second‐line setting, an increasing number of studies this year have shown excellent efficacy in first‐line therapy. The efficacy of bismuth as a second‐line after sequential and concomitant therapy was particularly noteworthy. Antibiotic resistance was more intensely studied this year than for a long time, and definite trends are presented regarding an increase in resistance, including the fact that clarithromycin resistance in particular is now at a level where the continued use of clarithromycin triple therapy first‐line as a mainstream treatment is not recommended. Another exciting trend to emerge this year is the utility of vonoprazan as an alternative to PPI therapy, especially in resistant and difficult‐to‐treat groups.
Helicobacter pylori infection and extragastric diseases in 2017
Authors: de Korwin Jean‐Dominique , Ianiro Gianluca , Gibiino Giulia , Gasbarrini Antonio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe huge variety of extragastric diseases linked to Helicobacter pylori infection is widely known, and new studies are conducted every year on this topic. Neurological disorders and metabolic syndrome are some of the main issues debated in the most recent literature. Articles on the association of H. pylori with skin diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, immunologic impairment, kidney dysfunction, allergic asthma, and respiratory diseases have been published as well. In this perspective, eradication therapy for this infection could become a mandatory measure in prevention strategy.
Enhanced piezoelectric properties of (Bi,Na)TiO3–(Bi,K)TiO3 ceramics prepared by two‐step sintering process
Authors: Lee Gunhyun , Ji Jae‐Hoon , Koh Jung‐Hyuk 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo enhance the piezoelectric properties and lower the sintering temperature of lead‐free (Bi,Na) TiO3‐(Bi,K) TiO3 ceramics, two‐step sintering process was employed and investigated. As a representative lead‐free piezoelectric materials, (Bi,Na) TiO3‐(Bi,K) TiO3 has been selected for the two‐step sintering process. The two‐step sintering process can be the advisable fabrication process, especially for the case of volatile materials were contained. The two‐step sintering process can also minimize the evaporation of volatile components. By lowering the sintering temperature and increasing the sintering time in the second step, grain size was enlarged and density was improved. By optimizing the holding time from the 0.80Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐0.20Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 ceramics, improved bulk density of 5.81 g/cm3, piezoelectric charge coefficient of 170 pC/N and dielectric constant of 1471.29 were obtained. As a result, piezoelectric and structural properties can be enhanced. In this research, we will report the enhanced crystalline and piezoelectric properties of (Bi,Na) TiO3‐(Bi,K) TiO3 ceramics prepared by the two‐step sintering process.
Enhancement of photocatalytic performance of P25‐TiO2 nanoparticles by 3D nanoporous anodic alumina at room temperature
Authors: Chung Chen‐Kuei , Liao Ming‐Wei , Kuo En‐Hao , Wang Zhou‐Wei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe commercial Degussa P25‐TiO2 nanoparticles consisting of a mixed phase are a crucial environmental catalyst but encounter the robust coating problem onto the solid support for poor photocatalysis. Here, we have demonstrated a useful green method for greatly improving water‐flushing robust coating as well as photocatalysis by over‐etched three‐dimensional (3D) nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) that can be fabricated by large‐scale electrochemical‐anodic‐oxidation processing at room temperature instead of high‐temperature sintering for traditional ceramic foams up to 1200°C. Also, no additional high‐temperature calcination of 400~900°C was needed. The 3D porous morphology exhibited more TiO2 particles attachment on the rough surface and enlarged pore channels than the 2D. Moreover, the over‐etched 3D AAO exhibited the most attachment of TiO2 nanoparticles after water flushing due to high‐porosity‐and‐contact‐area 3D morphology which enhances the bonding between the substrate and nanoparticles for robust coating. XRD and SEM were used for analyzing the mixed phase and 2D‐3D morphology of the P25‐TiO2 nanoparticles on AAO. After immersion in Methylene blue solution and 20 hour of UV illumination, TiO2 nanoparticles on the over‐etched 3D AAO with robust coating showed the best decomposition rate compared to other supports including Si wafer, typical 2D and 3D AAO.