bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of Italian pre-participation screening in early detection of cardiomyopathies: what is the meaning of T wave inversion in young athletes?
Authors: Tranchita Eliana , Cafiero Giulia , Giordano Ugo , Gentili Federica , Turchetta Attilio , Cantarutti Nicoletta , Cicenia Marianna , Battipaglia Irma , Di Mambro Corrado , Baban Anwar , Secinaro Aurelio , Drago Fabrizio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroduction:The presence of T wave inversion on screening electrocardiogram may represent an early sign of cardiomyopathies in athletes. This finding even in very young athletes can generate some suspicion and may determine a contraindication to practice competitive sport. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of T wave inversion in a population of young competitive athletes and determine whether they can be associated with the occurrence of cardiomyopathies in the absence of other pathological features.Methods:A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out and 581 subjects were screened for competitive sport eligibility. Based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, 53 athletes showed T wave inversion and they were selected to undergo further investigations.Results:In 32,1% of cases, we have identified the cause of T wave inversions and we suspended them from competition. In particular, in 15% of athletes who showed T wave inversions, we found cardiomyopathies.Discussion:Prevalence of T wave inversion in this population of athletes was 9,1%. At the end of second and third-level evaluations, eight athletes with T wave inversion showed an early form of cardiomyopathy and were suspended from competitive sport. Most of them showed T wave inversion in infero-lateral leads on electrocardiogram.Conclusion:The probability that competitive athletes have a concealed cardiomyopathy is low, but not negligible. Pre-participation screening for competitive sport activity represents an excellent opportunity to early identify cardiomyopathies and other pathologies that increase the risk of sudden death in apparently healthy young athletes.
Subclinical left ventricular structural and functional alterations in children with obesity: is body mass or insulin resistance the main issue?
Authors: Civilibal Tang Nazlican , Oztarhan Kazim , Bornaun Helen , Civilibal Ata Mert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjective:Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The study aims to assess the left ventricular structure and functions in children with obesity.Methods:This study included 29 patients with metabolic syndrome, 31 patients with obesity without metabolic syndrome, and 30 healthy children of similar age and gender. Demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical findings and left ventricular structure and functions evaluated by conventional pulsed wave Doppler and tissue Doppler echocardiography were compared.Results:The left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness were significantly higher in children with obesity compared to controls. The mean left ventricular mass index of children with metabolic syndrome was also higher than for those without it. Most children with obesity had normal left ventricular geometry; concentric hypertrophy (27.6%) was more common in children with metabolic syndrome, and eccentric hypertrophy (25.7%) was more common in those without. The early to late diastolic mitral annular velocity ratios obtained with conventional pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography and tissue Doppler echocardiography (E/A and Em/Am, respectively) were lower in children with obesity than controls. In addition, the ratio obtained by tissue Doppler echocardiography was lower in children with metabolic syndrome than without. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index has been identified as independent factors for left ventricular structures and functions.Conclusion:Obesity causes subclinical left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Additional metabolic syndrome-related risks lead to further deterioration of cardiac morphology and functions.
Cardiac biomarkers in COVID-19: what did we learn?
Authors: Srour Lara , Ismail Jaafar , Zareef Rana , Arabi Mariam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectives:COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has generated a global pandemic with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Cardiovascular complications are frequently observed in individuals with COVID-19, particularly those with preexisting cardiovascular risk factors or diseases. Cardiac biomarkers, including troponin, natriuretic peptides, and inflammatory markers, play a vital role in risk stratification, diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis in COVID-19 patients. These biomarkers provide valuable insights into cardiac injury, myocardial stress, inflammation, and the prediction of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This review aims to provide better understanding of how Cardiac biomarkers correlate to clinical manifestation of COVID-19.Methods:We retrieved studies from PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholars that included results on cardiac biomarkers in COVID-19. Total of 14 studies were reviewed.Results:8 studies showed evidence of poor progression of the disease when there is increased troponin. 6 studies out of the 14 mentioned in this review showed positive correlation between mortality and elevation in cardiac biomarkers. This shows the significance of cardiac biomarkers in predicting the mortality in patients with COVID-19.Conclusion:It was shown that elevated cardiac biomarkers were associated significantly to poor outcome of covid-19 infection. The outcomes that were linked to increased cardiac biomarkers included increased length of hospitalization, need of life sustaining treatment, myocarditis, invasive and non-invasive respiratory support, and even death were linked to elevated cardiac biomarkers levels.
An infant case of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease-associated dilated cardiomyopathy-like hypertensive cardiomyopathy diagnosed because of urinary tract infection
Authors: Akiba Takato , Tanaka Noboru , Nakagawa Mayu , Matsui Kotoko , Fukunaga Hideo , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe report a case of dilated cardiomyopathy-like hypertensive cardiomyopathy (HTN-CM) with polycystic kidney disease without family history when a 3-month-old boy developed bacteraemia secondary to a urinary tract infection. He was later confirmed as having autosomal recessive inheritance due to the proven PKHD1 gene mutation. The treatment consisted mainly of antihypertensive and anti-heart failure therapies and he was discharged on the 131st day. To prevent the development of heart failure in patients with HTN-CM due to autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), it is important to improve the fetal diagnosis rate of ARPKD, detect hypertension early, and strictly control the blood pressure after birth.
Comparison of paediatric patients evaluated for postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome with and without tachycardia
Authors: Boris Jeffrey R. , Sniatynski Matthew J. , Bernadzikowski Thomas , Kristal Bruce S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is a debilitating disorder. We compared paediatric patients with this dysautonomia presenting with and without peak upright heart rate > 100 beats per minute.Materials and Methods:Subjects were drawn from the Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome Program database of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia diagnosed between 2007 and 2018. Subjects were aged 12–18 years at diagnosis with demographic data, supine and peak heart rate from 10-minute stand, symptoms, and family history. Patients were divided into “low heart rate” (peak less than 100 beats/minute) and “high heart rate” (peak at least 100 beats/minute) groups.Results:In total, 729 subjects were included (low heart rate group: 131 patients, high heart rate group: 598 patients). The low heart rate group had later age at diagnosis (16.1 versus 15.7, p = 0.0027). Median heart rate increase was 32 beats/minute in the low heart rate group versus 40 beats/minute in the high heart rate group (p < 0.00001). Excluding palpitations and tachypalpitations, there were no differences in symptom type or frequency between groups.Discussion:Paediatric patients meeting heart rate criteria for postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome but without peak heart rate > 100 demonstrate no difference in symptom type or frequency versus those who meet both criteria. Differences observed reached statistical significance due to population size but are not clinically meaningful. This suggests that increased heart rate, but not necessarily tachycardia, is seen in these patients, supporting previous findings suggesting maximal heart rate is not a major determinant of symptom prevalence in paediatric postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.
CONGRUENCE SUBGROUPS OF BRAID GROUPS AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC QUOTIENTS. PART I
Authors: BELLINGERI PAOLO , DAMIANI CELESTE , OCAMPO OSCAR , STYLIANAKIS CHARALAMPOS 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper is the first of a two part series devoted to describing relations between congruence and crystallographic braid groups. We recall and introduce some elements belonging to congruence braid groups and we establish some (iso)-morphisms between crystallographic braid groups and corresponding quotients of congruence braid groups.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE LEAST ENERGY SOLUTIONS TO FRACTIONAL NEUMANN PROBLEMS
Authors: GANDAL SOMNATH , TYAGI JAGMOHAN 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the asymptotic behaviour of the least energy solutions to the following class of nonlocal Neumann problems:

$$ \begin{align*} \begin{cases} { d(-\Delta)^{s}u+ u= \vert u\vert^{p-1}u } & \text{in } \Omega, \\ {u>0} & \text{in } \Omega, \\ { \mathcal{N}_{s}u=0 } & \text{in } \mathbb{R}^{n}\setminus \overline{\Omega}, \end{cases} \end{align*} $$

where

$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{n}$

is a bounded domain of class

$C^{1,1}$

,

$1<p<({n+s})/({n-s}),\,n>\max \{1, 2s \}, 0<s<1, d>0$

and

$\mathcal {N}_{s}u$

is the nonlocal Neumann derivative. We show that for small

$d,$

the least energy solutions

$u_d$

of the above problem achieve an

$L^{\infty }$

-bound independent of

$d.$

Using this together with suitable

$L^{r}$

-estimates on

$u_d,$

we show that the least energy solution

$u_d$

achieves a maximum on the boundary of

$\Omega $

for d sufficiently small.
The economics of cognitive institutions: mapping debates, looking ahead
Authors: Frolov Daniil 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the philosophy of mind and cognitive science, there is a pronounced paradigm shift associated with the transition from internalism to externalism. The externalist paradigm views cognitive processes as not isolated in the brain, but as interrelated with external artefacts and structures. The paper focuses on one of the leading externalist approaches – extended cognition. Despite the dominance of internalism in economics, in its main schools, there is an emerging trend towards extended cognition ideas. In my opinion, economists might develop the most advanced version of the extended cognition approach: socially extended cognition based on cognitive institutions. This paper analyses extended cognition ideas in institutional, Austrian, and behavioural economics and identifies numerous overlapping approaches and complementary research areas. I argue that the economics of cognitive institutions is a promising field for all economic schools and propose a preliminary research agenda.
Backsliding Democracy and the Slippery Slope of Conceptual Weakness
Authors: Fleck Zoltán 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article discusses the thin socio-legal conceptualisation of the rule of law in Hungary. Employing a culturalist perspective, it first shows how the rule of law had a thin foundation prior to the Second World War in this country. Then, the contribution demonstrates how, contrary to previous understandings, even in the most advanced stages of rule of law building in Hungary, in the early 1990s, the resulting concept had been thin mainly focusing on institutional guarantees and legal certainty. The remaining part of the contribution then critically discusses whether and to what extent it is possible to use backsliding to frame the ongoing legal changes in Hungary.
Remote Sensing of River Discharge From Medium‐Resolution Satellite Imagery Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Hao Zhen , Xiang Naier , Cai Xiaobin , Zhong Ming , Jin Jin , Du Yun , Ling Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccurate monitoring of river discharge variations is essential for managing floods and droughts and understanding the response of global river systems to climate change. Remote sensing of discharge (RSQ) offers a timely and efficient alternative for widespread monitoring, particularly in ungauged areas. Current methods often struggle with accuracy, especially when estimating the width of narrow rivers from medium‐resolution images. We first observe that, although estimating the width variation of narrow rivers can be challenging from medium‐resolution satellite imagery, river discharge still correlates with river surface color or reflectance. However, existing methods can only correlate river surface reflectance with discharge in gauged rivers. Here, we introduce a novel method employing an advanced Transformer architecture to map river discharge variations directly from time‐series reflectance imagery. Our model, trained on quality‐checked data from 2,036 discharge gauges, outperforms existing methods in discharge estimation accuracy and is less affected by the need for precise river width estimation. The proposed model yields positive Kling‐Gupta Efficiency (KGE) in 68.6% of ungauged rivers, a substantial improvement over the BAM and geoBAM methods, which show positive KGEs in only 28.4% and 33.1% of rivers, respectively. Notably, this performance is achieved despite two‐thirds of the rivers being less than 100 m wide, a range where traditional RSQ methods typically struggle, and the RSQ performance does not show degradation for braided rivers. Our approach suggests a significant shift toward more efficient, extensive, and adaptable space‐based river discharge monitoring.
Topographic Roughness as an Emergent Property of Geomorphic Processes and Events
Authors: Doane T. H. , Gearon J. H. , Martin H. K. , Yanites B. J. , Edmonds D. A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEarth's terrestrial surfaces commonly exhibit topographic roughness at the scale of meters to tens of meters. In soil‐ and sediment‐mantled settings topographic roughness may be framed as a competition between roughening and smoothing processes. In many cases, roughening processes may be specific eco‐hydro‐geomorphic events like shrub deaths, tree uprooting, river avulsions, or impact craters. The smoothing processes are all geomorphic processes that operate at smaller scales and tend to drive a diffusive evolution of the surface. In this article, we present a generalized theory that explains topographic roughness as an emergent property of geomorphic systems (semi‐arid plains, forests, alluvial fans, heavily bombarded surfaces) that are periodically shocked by an addition of roughness which subsequently decays due to the action of all small scale, creep‐like processes. We demonstrate theory for the examples listed above, but also illustrate that there is a continuum of topographic forms that the roughening process may take on so that the theory is broadly applicable. Furthermore, we demonstrate how our theory applies to any geomorphic feature that can be described as a pit or mound, pit‐mound couplet, or mound‐pit‐mound complex.
Integrating State Data Assimilation and Innovative Model Parameterization Reduces Simulated Carbon Uptake in the Arctic and Boreal Region
Authors: Huo Xueli , Fox Andrew M. , Dashti Hamid , Devine Charles , Gallery William , Smith William K. , Raczka Brett , Anderson Jeffrey L. , Rogers Alistair , Moore David J. P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractModel representation of carbon uptake and storage is essential for accurate projection of the response of the arctic‐boreal zone to a rapidly changing climate. Land model estimates of LAI and aboveground biomass that can have a marked influence on model projections of carbon uptake and storage vary substantially in the arctic and boreal zone, making it challenging to correctly evaluate model estimates of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP). To understand and correct bias of LAI and aboveground biomass in the Community Land Model (CLM), we assimilated the 8‐day Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI observation and a machine learning product of annual aboveground biomass into CLM using an Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter (EAKF) in an experimental region including Alaska and Western Canada. Assimilating LAI and aboveground biomass reduced these model estimates by 58% and 72%, respectively. The change of aboveground biomass was consistent with independent estimates of canopy top height at both regional and site levels. The International Land Model Benchmarking system assessment showed that data assimilation significantly improved CLM's performance in simulating the carbon and hydrological cycles, as well as in representing the functional relationships between LAI and other variables. To further reduce the remaining bias in GPP after LAI bias correction, we re‐parameterized CLM to account for low temperature suppression of photosynthesis. The LAI bias corrected model that included the new parameterization showed the best agreement with model benchmarks. Combining data assimilation with model parameterization provides a useful framework to assess photosynthetic processes in LSMs.
The Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar Tristatic System and Initial Experiments
Authors: Yue Xinan , Ning Baiqi , Jin Lin , Ding Feng , Ke Changhai , Wang Junyi , Zhang Ning , Cai Yihui , Li Mingyuan , Luo Junhao , Chen Weiping , Zhang Yunxia , Zhao Biqiang , Zeng Lingqi , Wang Yonghui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLow latitude ionosphere experiences complex dynamical and electrodynamical processes, which make the spatiotemporal variations of the corresponding electron density complicated and therefore influence trans‐ionosphere radio communications. The monitoring of low latitude dynamical drivers, such as neutral wind and ionospheric electric field, is essential for both dynamic mechanism investigations and applications. The Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar Tristatic System (SYISR‐TS) was proposed with the main objective of low latitude ionospheric monitoring and investigation and has been successfully developed over the past decade. The system consists of the Sanya (18.3°N, 109.6°E) trans‐receiving main station with key parameters of ∼1,600 m2 antenna aperture, >4 MW peak power, <120 K system noise temperature, and ∼46 dBi normal gain, and Danzhou (19.5°N, 109.1°E) and Wenchang (19.6°N, 110.8°E) receiving only stations with key parameters of ∼790 m2 antenna aperture, <130 K system noise temperature, and ∼43 dBi normal gain. Three stations form a quasi‐equilateral triangle at Hainan Island and use Global Navigation Satellite System satellite common view technique to achieve the time synchronization with the uncertainty of the timing and time synchronization less than 50 and 10 ns, respectively. Initial collaborative satellite tracking and ionospheric common volume experiments among three stations have confirmed the detection ability of SYISR‐TS and the feasibility of achieving its scientific goals in the future.
Accuracy of the WatchBP Office Central as a Type 2 device for non-invasive estimation of central aortic blood pressure in children and adolescents
Authors: Glenning Jonathan P. , Sandhu Kieran , Harrington Hilary A. , Eastaugh Lucas , Lane Geoffrey K. , Smolich Joseph J. , Mynard Jonathan P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHigh blood pressure (BP) in childhood is a recognised precursor of elevated cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Brachial BP is normally used for clinical decision making, but central BP may be a better marker of pressure load on the heart. There is a paucity of validated non-invasive, automated devices for estimating central BP in children and adolescents. In this study, we compared the WatchBP Office Central (a Type 2 central pressure estimation device) against a high-fidelity micromanometer in the ascending aorta of anaesthetised patients undergoing clinically-indicated catheterisation (n = 15, age 4–16 years). As a secondary aim, central systolic BP (cSBP) was also compared to two non-invasive estimation methods in 34 awake patients undergoing routine cardiac MRI (age 10–18 years). WatchBP substantially overestimated cSBP compared to the intra-arterial gold-standard reference (26.1 ± 7.4 mmHg), and recruitment was terminated at n = 11 (included in the analysis) due to high statistical certainty that the device would not pass the validation criteria of 5±8 mmHg. WatchBP cSBP was also substantially higher than values obtained from a phase contrast MRI method (11.8 ± 7.9 mmHg) and the SphygmoCor XCEL (13.5 ± 8.9 mmHg) in the awake patient group, which translate to 21–23 mmHg on average after accounting for known/estimated biases in these non-invasive comparators. Compared with invasive central diastolic and systolic BPs, the brachial measures from WatchBP yielded errors of 0.1 ± 5.6 and 12.5 ± 6.0 mmHg respectively. We conclude that the WatchBP substantially overestimates cSBP in children and adolescents. These findings reinforce the need for central BP-measuring devices to be further developed and validated in this population.
Social needs and healthcare utilization in NICU graduates
Authors: Yama Cecile L. , Greenberg Rachel G. , Johnson Erika , Mago-Shah Deesha D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
Unplanned healthcare utilization after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge challenges families and healthcare systems. The impact of social needs on post-NICU healthcare utilization is underexplored. Our objective was to identify social needs among NICU graduates and examine associations between social needs and post-NICU healthcare utilization.

Study design
A prospective cohort design was used to screen for social needs and track healthcare utilization among 112 NICU graduates attending a NICU follow-up clinic (2021–2022). Associations between social needs and healthcare utilization were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests.

Results
Of 112 patients screened, 20 (18%) had some social need. Infants with social needs experienced statistically significant higher rates of hospitalizations, overall encounters, and missed appointments.

Conclusion
Social needs are associated with increased unplanned healthcare utilization and missed appointments. Addressing these needs during NICU follow-up may improve preventative care attendance and reduce unplanned healthcare use, leading to better outcomes for vulnerable infants and cost-savings for healthcare systems.