bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossing the Sacred/Secular Divide; Unraveling Turkish Identities
Authors: Morrow Lisa 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper unpacks the ideas in the poem “Pull Down My Statues” by Süleyman Apaydın, to examine some common descriptors in use about modern Turkey. Taking his inspiration from Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the modern Turkish republic, Apaydın ponders the success of Atatürk’s vision, based on the idea of a secular/sacred divide. Combining this with the way travel in Turkey is heavily promoted using the same themes, I explore how this divide, with its underlying connotations of West versus East and modernity versus tradition (as found in Turkey’s Ottoman past), is applied to Turkish identity. Turks are commonly portrayed as a homogenous people only differentiated by their degree of religiosity, but I argue that this analysis is too simplistic. Turkish identity has never been based on a single clear cut model, and this is becoming obvious as more traditional Islamic ways of life are being reworked by new forms of Islam based on capitalism. Consequently, although it is important to acknowledge Turkey’s past, looking to history for a way to steer through the complexities of the present is no longer useful or even relevant.
Processing of sodium sulphate solutions using the EED method: from a batch toward a continuous process
Authors: Pisarska Bożenna , Mikołajczak Wojciech , Jaroszek Hanna , Nowak Mariusz , Dylewski Rafał , Cichy Barbara 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In a batch electro-electrodialysis (EED), sodium sulphate solution with an initial concentration of 80.90 g/dm3 was converted to obtain solutions of sodium hydroxide (13.96%) and sulphuric acid (10.15%) and a dialysate (3.23 g/dm3 of sulphate ions). Changes in the EED process′ performance (temperature, cell voltage, concentrations, energy consumption) with an increasing conversion degree of salt are presented. Based on the presented results of the batch experiment, conditions necessary to run the process continuously are discussed. A single pass method is inapplicable due to excessive heating of the electro-electrodialyser. A cascade method enables interstage cooling of the solutions, providing temperatures suitable for ion-exchange membranes to work. Increasing the number of stages in the cascade reduces both the number of electro-electrodialysers and specific electric energy consumption, providing the same production capacity. However, this increases the investment cost.
Stand mixing effect on enzyme activity and other soil properties
Authors: Błońska Ewa , Lasota Jarosław , Zwydak Maciej , Piaszczyk Wojciech 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this research study, enzyme activity was used to assess differences occurring in soils as a result of the different tree species influence. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and mixed-species stands on the enzymatic activity and chemical characteristics of soil. Sample plots were located in central Poland, in the Przedbórz forest district (51.09.59.50°N, 20.00.24.25°E). The test area was dominated by Brunic Arenosols. 15 research plots were established (5 plots under pine, 5 plots under oak and 5 plots under mixed-species stand). Soil samples from the O, A and AB horizons were taken. In soil samples pH, soil texture, and organic carbon, nitrogen, base cation contents, dehydrogenase activity and urease activity were determined. Tree species affected soil organic matter accumulation, pH and microbial activity. The highest enzyme activity was reported in the soils under oak and mixed-species stands. The soil pH was lower under pine forest than under oak and mixed-species stands. pHs is presumably a major factor affecting microbial community composition and enzyme dynamics. We noted a significant correlation between enzyme activity and C/N ratio which is often used to describe litter quality. A lower C/N ratio was found in oak and mixed-species stands compared with pine stands.
Influence of the EM-A preparation on the structure properties in various mineral soils
Authors: Gajewski Piotr 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe aim of the study was the assessment of the influence of EM-A preparation on the properties of soil structure of medium and fine texture. Soil material for the incubation experiment was collected from humus arable horizons of four mineral soils:Gleyic Chernozem(soils A, B and D) andHaplic Fluvisol(soil C). The experiment was conducted in containers of 2000 cm3, where soil material of about 3 kg was placed and three doses of EM-A were added. After a 12-month incubation, aggregates of 1 cm3were cut out. Their basic physical properties (density, porosity) were determined, as well as the parameters which characterize the structure: dynamic and static water resistance, secondary aggregation after dynamic and static water resistance and capillary water capacity. The effect of additions of EM-A was not significant for majority of analyzed soil properties.
The content and solubility of lead in arable soils of the Podlasie Province (eastern Poland)
Authors: Łukowski Adam , Wiater Józefa 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe aim of the study was the estimation of total content of lead and its fraction in arable soils and permanent grassland of Podlasie Province, eastern Poland. The research material included 104 soil samples from Podlasie Province, which were collected in years 2011–2013 from the topsoil (0–30 cm) after plant harvest. The following basic physicochemical properties of soil samples were determined: granulometric composition, organic carbon content and pH in 1 mol·dm−3KCl solution. Based on the granulometric composition soils were divided into three groups: very light and light, medium and organic soils. The total lead and its content in fractions was determined by means of GFAAS technique using Varian AA-100 apparatus. The fractions of lead were extracted by BCR method. In the case of very light and light soils the lowest percentage share of Pb on average was noted in exchangeable fraction (16.3% of total content) and the highest in fraction bound to Fe/Mn oxides (43.5%). Similarly in medium and organic soils the highest amount of Pb was stated in reducible fraction, 43.7 and 41.3% of total content, respectively, and the lowest in exchangeable fraction, 16.5 and 12.2%, respectively. It was found that content of total lead was typical for arable uncontaminated soils.
An Improved Truncated Differential Cryptanalysis of Klein
Authors: Rasoolzadeh Shahram , Ahmadian Zahra , Salmasizadeh Mahmoud , Aref Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
KLEIN is a family of lightweight block ciphers which was proposed at RFIDSec 2011 by Gong et. al. It has three versions with 64, 80 or 96-bit key size, all with a 64-bit state size. It uses 16 identical 4-bit S-boxes combined with two AES’s MixColumn transformations for each round. This approach allows compact implementations of KLEIN in both low-end software and hardware. Such an unconventional combination attracts the attention of cryptanalysts, and several security analyses have been published. The most successful one was presented at FSE 2014 which was a truncated differential attack. They could attack up to 12, 13 and 14 rounds out of total number of 12, 16 and 20 rounds for KLEIN-64, -80 and -96, respectively. In this paper, we present improved attacks on three versions of KLEIN block cipher, which recover the full secret key with better time and data complexities for the previously analyzed number of rounds. The improvements also enable us to attack up to 14 and 15 rounds for KLEIN-80 and -96, respectively, which are the highest rounds ever analyzed. Our improvements are twofold: the first, finding two new truncated differential paths with probabilities better than that of the previous ones, and the second, a slight modification in the key recovery method which makes it faster.
Improved Multi-Dimensional Meet-in-the-Middle Cryptanalysis of Katan
Authors: Rasoolzadeh Shahram , Raddum Håvard 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We study multidimensional meet-in-the-middle attacks on the KATAN block cipher family. Several improvements to the basic attacks are explained. The most noteworthy of these is the technique of guessing only non-linearly involved key bits, which reduces the search space by a significant factor. The optimization decreases the complexity of multidimensional meet-in-the-middle attacks, allowing more rounds of KATAN to be efficiently attacked than previously reported.
The State of the Authenticated Encryption
Authors: Vizár Damian 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Ensuring confidentiality and integrity of communication remains among the most important goals of cryptography. The notion of authenticated encryption marries these two security goals in a single symmetric-key, cryptographic primitive. A lot of effort has been invested in authenticated encryption during the fifteen years of its existence. The recent Competition for Authenticated Encryption: Security, Applicability, and Robustness (CAESAR) has boosted the research activity in this area even more. As a result, the area of authenticated encryption boasts numerous results, both theoretically and practically oriented, and perhaps even greater number of constructions of authenticated encryption schemes.
We explore the current landscape of results on authenticated encryption. We review the CEASAR competition and its candidates, the most popular construction principles, and various design goals for authenticated encryption, many of which appeared during the CAESAR competition. We also take a closer look at the candidate Offset Merkle-Damgård (OMD).
Numerical Investigation of Extra Large Flat Jack Testing of Bakhtiyari Dam Project
Authors: Mortazavi A. , Saati V. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Accurate determination of in situ rock mass design parameters such as deformation modulus is an essential element of the design of underground openings. The first objective of this research was to numerically simulate the extra large flat jack (ELFJ) test. In conventional flat jack testing, the large flat jack (LFJ) coefficients proposed by LNEC Corporation are used to calculate the rock modulus. This leads to erroneous results when using other types of flat jacks. A precise 3D numerical model of a real flat jack test condition was constructed and the ELFJ coefficients were computed numerically as a function of important test parameters. The second objective of the work was to apply the 3D numerical findings to the flat jack field tests conducted at the Bakhtiyari Dam site project, Iran. These tests were aimed at determining the in situ rock mass deformation modulus to be used in the design of the dam structure and underground openings associated with the Bakhtiyari Dam. The dam left abutment and associated test gallery were simulated according to valley topography and actual test gallery dimensions. The objective was to model the problem boundary condition as close to reality as possible. The analysis results showed that the rock mass modulus under the expected abutment loading levels is about 13 GPa.
3D Consolidation of Tunis Soft Clay Improved by Geodrains
Authors: Jebali H. , Frikha W. , Bouassida M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study carried out on undisturbed cored samples of Tunis soft soil extracted at 17.25 m depth at the lagoon of Sejoumi. Three series of oedometer tests were performed: the first one was a standard test on Tunis soft soil, the second one was performed on the same soil improved by a prefabricated vertical drain Mebradrain 88 (Mb88) type during which vertical drainage was prevented. The third series comprised similar tests to those of series two, during which horizontal and vertical drainage were allowed. The assessment of Carillo's theory was studied by quantifying the effect of radial and vertical consolidation from the observed global degree of consolidation of improved Tunis soft soil specimens by geodrains. The rate in decrease of coefficients cr and kr was greater than that recorded for coefficients cv and kr, respectively. Using the Carillo's theory, a lower degree of consolidation which starts from 10 % is obtained; however, when using simple approximate methods by considering recorded measures from series 3, higher degrees of consolidation starting from 70 % were obtained.
An Automated Pattern Recognition Based Approach for Classification of Soiled Paper Currency Using Textural and Geometrical Features
Authors: Altaf Z. , Farhan S. , Abuzar Fahiem M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Research for automatic recognition and identification of paper currency (banknote) has gained popularity in recent years due to its potential applications, e.g., electronic banking, currency monitoring systems, money exchange machines, etc. Existing research work for identification of currency has some constraints that limit their accuracy. We are proposing a pattern recognition-based approach for the classification of Pakistani paper currency. The dataset used for our research work consists of 1750 banknotes, including light variated, torn, worn, dirty, and marked banknotes. The proposed approach was based on extraction of 371 textural features from entire image, as well as from 4 regions of interest. High dimensional feature set was then reduced to most discriminating features. Four classification models, i.e., K*, LogitBoost, PART, and Random Forest were used to evaluate the accuracy of our proposed approach. It was observed that using region of interest with reduced feature set resulted in better performance and lesser computational time as compared to existing approaches. The highest accuracy achieved was 100 % with Kstar classifier. The novelty of our research work lies in the fact that the proposed approach was capable of successfully classifying banknotes, even when the denomination was occluded or completely missing, as compared to existing approaches.
Response to Discussion on “Analysis on the Issues in ISO 6892-1 and TENSTAND WP4 Report Based on the Data of Confirm Tests by 21 Laboratories”
Authors: Li H. , Zhou X. , Luo D. , Shen J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
To discuss the problems of ISO 6892-1 and the TENSTAND WP4 final report, the following technical questions must be discussed clearly: (1) Does tension rate in elastic range impact the results of proof strength and do the stress rates in elastic range of machines with feedback function need to be controlled within the limits in Table 3? (2) To perform Method B for machines with feedback function, shall the speed to keep stress rate in elastic range within the limits in Table 3 or crosshead rate in the range of 0.00025/s∼0.0025/s be used? (3) Are the two underlying reasons to recommend strain control method that higher values of proof strength and wider scatter range will be obtained with crosshead mode than with strain mode true? (4) Is crosshead control with 5 % Lc/min rate higher than the requirement of Method B and increase the proof strength value? (5) Does crosshead control with 5 % Lc/min rate get a significantly higher value of proof strength or Method A get a significantly lower value of proof strength comparing with the traditional method (Method B)? (6) Should crosshead control method or strain control method be recommended to measure proof strength for machines with feedback function? The above questions were discussed and the article of “Discussion on ‘Analysis on the issues in ISO 6892-1 and TENSTAND WP4 report based on the data of confirm tests by 21 laboratories’” was responded to in this paper.
Financing of Pediatric Home Health Care
Authors: Simpser Edwin , Hudak Mark L. ,   SECTION ON HOME CARE, COMMITTEE ON CHILD HEALTH FINANCING, Okun Alexander L. , Langley John , Lin Elaine , Maynard Roy , McNeal Douglas , Sajous Christine , Thornburg James Brian 
Published: February 2017

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed June 2022.
Pediatric home health care is an effective and holistic venue of treatment of children with medical complexity or developmental disabilities who otherwise may experience frequent and/or prolonged hospitalizations or who may enter chronic institutional care. Demand for pediatric home health care is increasing while the provider base is eroding, primarily because of inadequate payment or restrictions on benefits. As a result, home care responsibilities assumed by family caregivers have increased and imposed financial, physical, and psychological burdens on the family. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act set forth 10 mandated essential health benefits. Home care should be considered as an integral component of the habilitative and rehabilitative services and devices benefit, even though it is not explicitly recognized as a specific category of service. Pediatric-specific home health care services should be defined clearly as components of pediatric services, the 10th essential benefit, and recognized by all payers. Payments for home health care services should be sufficient to maintain an adequate provider work force with the pediatric-specific expertise and skills to care for children with medical complexity or developmental disability. Furthermore, coordination of care among various providers and the necessary direct patient care from which these care coordination plans are developed should be required and enabled by adequate payment. The American Academy of Pediatrics advocates for high-quality care by calling for development of pediatric-specific home health regulations and the licensure and certification of pediatric home health providers.
Trauma Patient with Fat Embolism Detected on Computed Tomography
Authors: Sousa Isabel , Janeiro João , Campos Paula , Távora Isabel 
Published: February 2017

Fat embolism is frequent following fractures of long bones, however the development of the clinical syndrome of fat embolism (characterized by progressive respiratory distress, mental status depression and petechial rash) is rare, but relevant because of its potential severity. We report a case of a trauma patient with multiple fractures of the right lower limb in whom an emergency computed tomography scan showed fat emboli within the lumen of the homolateral common femoral vein. The imaging detection of macroscopic fat emboli should alert the clinician to the potential for subsequent fat embolism syndrome.
Controlo Sintomático nos Doentes em Fim de Vida
Authors: Alves Mariana , Abril Rita , Neto Isabel Galriça 
Published: February 2017

Doentes em fim de vida apresentam uma multiplicidade de sintomas que são causa de sofrimento para os próprios e respetivas famílias. Os profissionais de saúde ao longo da faculdade, internato e carreira médica são pouco preparados para gerir e melhorar a qualidade de vida destes doentes. O presente artigo pretende fornecer competências básicas no controlo sintomático dos doentes em fim de vida, focando em particular o controlo da dor, dispneia, fadiga, náuseas, vómitos e anorexia. Pretende-se ainda alertar para conceitos básicos sobre controlo de sintomas refratários e a sedação paliativa.
Superioridade da PET/CT com FNa-F18 na Deteção de Metástases Ósseas quando Comparada com Outros Métodos de Diagnóstico por Imagem
Authors: Lapa Paula , Saraiva Tiago , Silva Rodolfo , Marques Margarida , Costa Gracinda , Lima João Pedroso 
Published: February 2017

Introdução: A tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FNa-F18 vem sendo considerada como uma modalidade imagiológica com vantagens na pesquisa de metastização óssea. Comparámos a sua capacidade para deteção de metástases ósseas com a de outras técnicas imagiológicas.Material e Métodos: Avaliámos retrospetivamente 114 doentes que realizaram tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FNa-F18. Destes, 49 realizaram também cintigrafia óssea, 61 tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FDG-F18 e 10 tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FCH-F18. Identificámos a técnica que detetou um maior número de metástases ósseas. Comparámos ainda a tomografia por emissão de positrões com a componente tomografia computorizada da tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FNa-F18. Registámos as situações nas quais a tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada FNa-F18 e a cintigrafia óssea necessitaram de exames adicionais para esclarecimento complementar.Resultados: A tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FNa-F18 foi superior à cintigrafia óssea em 49% dos doentes (p < 0,001); foi superior à tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FDG-F18 em 59% dos doentes (p < 0,001) e foi superior à tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FCH-F18 em 40% dos doentes (p < 0,001). Nenhuma das técnicas imagiológicas avaliadas lhe foi superior. Na tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada -FNa-F18 a componente tomografia por emissão de positrões foi superior à tomografia computorizada em 35% dos casos (p < 0,001). Foi sugerida investigação complementar em apenas 3,5% dos doentes que realizaram tomografia por emissão de positrões/ tomografia computorizada - FNa-F18 (45% para a cintigrafia óssea) (p < 0,001).Discussão: Em conformidade com o referido por outros autores, a nossa experiência confirma que a tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FNa-F18 tem excelente desempenho na deteção de metástases ósseas, sendo capaz de identificar lesões em mais doentes, e em maior número, quando comparada com outras técnicas imagiológicas.Conclusão: A tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FNa-F18 revelou superioridade na deteção de metástases ósseas comparativamente à cintigrafia óssea, à tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FDG-F18 e à tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FCH- F18.
A Relação Entre a Imunodepressão e o Desenvolvimento de Cancro Cutâneo
Authors: Sanches Maria Mendonça , Travassos Ana Rita , Soares-de-Almeida Luis 
Published: February 2017

Os efeitos da imunodepressão no desenvolvimento de estados de doença têm constituído uma importante área de investigação, tendo sido verificadas associações entre a imunodepressão e o desenvolvimento de um vasto conjunto de comorbilidades, entre as quais se destacam as doenças infeciosas, doenças cardiovasculares e o cancro. A investigação dos efeitos da imunodepressão em humanos tem sido sobretudo realizada em indivíduos imunodeprimidos pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana e indivíduos sob imunossupressão farmacológica após transplante, devido aos constrangimentos associados à obtenção de amostras de número relevante noutros contextos. De um modo geral, doentes imunodeprimidos tendem a apresentar maior incidência de neoplasias malignas. No que respeita aos doentes transplantados, o cancro cutâneo tem uma incidência significativamente aumentada, ao passo que, entre doentes portadores da infeção com vírus da imunodeficiência humana, apenas as neoplasias de origem infeciosa apresentam incidência aumentada. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura relativa aos efeitos da imunodepressão no desenvolvimento de tumores em humanos, com especial enfâse no desenvolvimento dos diferentes tipos de cancro cutâneo.