bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative pharmacokinetics of acteoside from total glycoside extracted from leaves of Rehmannia and Dihuangye total glycoside capsule in normal and diabetic nephropathy rats
Authors: Dai Xin‐Xin , Su Shu‐Lan , Cai Hong‐Die , Wei Dan‐Dan , Zheng Tian‐Yao , Zhu Zhen‐Hua , Yan Hui , Shang Er‐Xin , Guo Sheng , Qian Da‐Wei , Duan Jin‐Ao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRehmannia glutinosa Libosch (RG), is officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and is widely used in China. In this paper, a sensitive and rapid ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method including multiple‐reaction monitoring mode was developed and applied to study the pharmacokinetic effect of acteoside from total glycoside extracted from the leaves of Rehmannia (TLR) and Dihuangye total glycoside capsule (DTG) in normal and diabetic nephropathy rats. The diabetic nephropathy rat model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a small dose of streptozotocin and high‐fat diet and plus 5% glucose drinking water. Samples of plasma of rats were obtained at different times after rats were administered TLR (7.2 g/kg) and DTG (360 mg/kg). After deproteinization by acetonitrile, the concentrations of acteoside in rats at different time points were detected by UPLC‐TQ‐MS method and pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated using DAS 3.2.8 software. A good linearity of acteoside was shown in the range of 8.51–3404.8 ng/m L (r2 = 0.9987). The mean extraction recovery of analyte was in the range of 63.55–79.49%, and the intra‐ and inter‐day RSD values were <8.8%. Compared with the normal group, the maximum plasma concentration, AUC0–t, AUC0–∞ and apparent plasma clearance corresponding dose in model group rats decreased significantly. After rats were administered TLR and DTG, the acteoside reached the maximum plasma concentration at about 15 min. The method proved to be simple, rapid and specific, and to be suitable for the determination of acteoside in plasma of diabetic nephropathy rats and pharmacokinetic study.
Religious heterogeneity of food consumers: The impact of global markets upon methods of production
Authors: White Gareth Reginald Terence , Samuel Anthony , Zhou Peng , Razak Azley Abd , Thomas Simon 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe production and distribution of food is a topic of perennial interest. Specific concern arises over the provision of foods that have been prepared in accordance with religious requirements because they place additional demands and constraints upon methods of food production and distribution.This paper explores the attitude of consumers towards the method of production of food that has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of their own and other faiths. Consumer's gender, age, education level, and the degree of respondent religiosity are all found to be influential. Furthermore, the assumption that such foods are acceptable to nonreligious people is flawed.This study advances our understanding of the role of religiosity upon consumer behaviour. It makes a unique investigation of attitudes towards food that has been prepared in accordance with religious requirements and finds that consumer religion is an important demographic but that the degree of religiosity and other attitudes, such as those towards animal husbandry, are also important factors that need to be taken into account during production and retailing.Such polydoxicity has implications for marketing systems concerned with the production and consumption of religiously prepared foodstuff. This research concludes that religious consumers are a highly heterogeneous group. Although interfaith differences may be obvious and expected, intrafaith differences also exist.
Fabrication of Amorphous Mesoporous Ni(OH)2 Hollow Spheres with Waxberry‐Like Morphology for Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Zhou Cong , Lin Lina , Ma Yuzhu , Huang Liyan , Li Jun , Liu Zhengping , Dong Zhaoxia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe amorphous mesoporous Ni(OH)2 hollow spheres (Ni(OH)2‐HSs) with waxberry‐like morphology were fabricated by using a facile hydrothermal method with poly(styrene‐acrylic acid) spheres as the template, followed by extraction of the template. In the hydrothermal process, Ni(NO3)2⋅6H2O was employed as the precursor of Ni(OH)2. SEM, TEM, XPS, XRD, and N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherm techniques were used to characterize the structure and morphology of Ni(OH)2‐HSs. The obtained Ni(OH)2‐HSs have a uniform morphology with an average diameter of 300 nm and shell thickness of about 25 nm. The mesoporous shells of the Ni(OH)2‐HSs are composed of amorphous Ni(OH)2 particles. When used as an electrode, the as‐prepared Ni(OH)2‐HSs exhibit pseudocapacitive behavior with a high specific capacitance of 2559 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1 and a good capacitance retention of 91.8% after 1000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1. These results suggest promising applications of the waxberry‐like amorphous Ni(OH)2 hollow spheres in electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Self‐Assembly of Perylenediimide–Single‐Strand‐DNA Conjugates: Employing Hydrophobic Interactions and DNA Base‐Pairing To Create a Diverse Structural Space
Authors: Mishra Ashutosh Kumar , Weissman Haim , Krieg Elisha , Votaw Kevin A. , McCullagh Martin , Rybtchinski Boris , Lewis Frederick D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe self‐assembly behavior of DNA conjugates possessing a perylenediimide (PDI) head group and an N‐oligonucleotide tail has been investigated using a combination of optical spectroscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) imaging. To obtain insight into the interplay between PDI hydrophobic interactions and DNA base‐pairing we employed systematic variation in the length and composition of the oligo tails. Conjugates with short (TA)n or (CG)n oligo tails (n≤3) form helical or nonhelical fibers constructed from π‐stacked PDI head groups with pendent oligo tails in aqueous solution. Conjugates with longer (TA)n oligo tails also form stacks of PDI head groups, which are further aggregated by base‐pairing between their oligo tails, leading to fiber bundling and formation of bilayers. The longer (CG)n conjugates form PDI end‐capped duplexes, which further assemble into PDI‐stacked arrays of duplexes leading to large scale ordered assemblies. Cryo‐TEM imaging reveals that (CG)3 gives rise to both fibers and large assemblies, whereas (CG)5 assembles preferentially into large ordered structures.
A New Polyoxometalate (POM)‐Based Composite: Fabrication through POM‐Assisted Polymerization of Dopamine and Properties as Anode Materials for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ding Yan‐Hong , Peng Jun , Khan Shifa‐Ullah , Yuan Yue 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOrganic substrates are indispensable in the fabrication of multifunctional polyoxometalate (POM)‐based composites for various applications. A new molybdovanadophosphoric heteropolyacid (PMo10V2)‐based polydopamine (PDA) composite (PMo10V2/PDA) is first synthesized through a facile, in situ polymerization method under hydrothermal conditions, without the addition of extra buffer solution. The obtained PMo10V2/PDA composite shows homogeneous microsphere morphology. Through utilization of the adhesive ability of PDA, the composite can be used as an anode material without additional binder for rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries. Excellent electrochemical performances are obtained, with a high, stable specific capacity of 915.3 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1, remarkable rate capability, and good cycling stability (≈93 % capacity retention after 300 cycles at a high current density of 1000 mA g−1).
Hexakis [60]Fullerene Adduct‐Mediated Covalent Assembly of Ruthenium Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Properties
Authors: Leng Faqiang , Gerber Iann C. , Lecante Pierre , Bentaleb Ahmed , Muñoz Antonio , Illescas Beatriz M. , Martín Nazario , Melinte Georgian , Ersen Ovidiu , Martinez Hervé , Axet M. Rosa , Serp Philippe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe C66(COOH)12 hexa‐adduct has been successfully used as a building block to construct carboxylate bridged 3D networks with very homogeneous sub‐1.8 nm ruthenium nanoparticles. The obtained nanostructures are active in nitrobenzene selective hydrogenation.
Synthesis of a Single‐Crystalline Macroporous Layered Silicate from a Macroporous UTL‐Type Zeolite and Its Accelerated Intercalation
Authors: Asakura Yusuke , Kawaura Naoki , Kuroda Yoshiyuki , Koike Masakazu , Wada Hiroaki , Shimojima Atsushi , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA single‐crystalline macroporous layered silicate was obtained for the first time. Firstly, UTL‐type zeolite with macropores was prepared hydrothermally under the presence of acetylene black as a macropore template and the subsequent calcination to remove the template. Double four‐membered ring (d4r) units in the UTL framework were selectively dissolved to yield a layered silicate with macropores. Intercalation of tetrabutylammonium ions into the macroporous layered silicate is accelerated if compared with that into the same silicate without macropores, indicating the effectiveness of macropores due to easy diffusion. The layered silicate with macropores was converted into PCR‐type zeolite with macropores, a hierarchically micro‐ and macroporous material, through interlayer condensation.
Lipophilic N‐Hydroxyphthalimide Catalysts for the Aerobic Oxidation of Cumene: Towards Solvent‐Free Conditions and Back
Authors: Petroselli Manuel , Melone Lucio , Cametti Massimo , Punta Carlo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new class of lipophilic N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) catalysts designed for the aerobic oxidation of cumene in solvent‐free conditions was synthesized and tested. The specific strategy proposed for the introduction of lipophilic tails on the NHPI moiety leads to lipophilic catalysts that—while completely preserving the activity of the precursor—allow the catalytic oxidation to be conducted in neat cumene, for the first time. The corresponding cumyl hydroperoxide is obtained in good yields (28–52 %) and with high selectivity (95–97 %), under mild conditions. Importantly, the presence of a polar solvent is no longer required to guarantee complete solubilization of the catalyst. On the other hand, the oxidation conducted in neat cumene reveals the unexpected necessity of using small amounts of acetonitrile to fully promote the hydrogen atom transfer process and prevent the catalyst from detrimental hydrogen‐bond (HB) driven aggregation.
High‐Throughput Assay for Enantiomeric Excess Determination in 1,2‐ and 1,3‐Diols and Direct Asymmetric Reaction Screening
Authors: Shcherbakova Elena G. , Brega Valentina , Lynch Vincent M. , James Tony D. , Anzenbacher Pavel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA simple and efficient method for determination of the yield, enantiomeric/diasteriomeric excess (ee/de), and absolute configuration of crude chiral diols without the need of work‐up and product isolation in a high throughput setting is described. This approach utilizes a self‐assembled iminoboronate ester formed as a product by dynamic covalent self‐assembly of a chiral diol with an enantiopure fluorescent amine such as tryptophan methyl ester or tryptophanol and 2‐formylphenylboronic acid. The resulting diastereomeric boronates display different photophysical properties and allow for fluorescence‐based ee determination of molecules containing a 1,2‐ or 1,3‐diol moiety. This method has been utilized for the screening of ee in a number of chiral diols including atorvastatin, a statin used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation of benzil was performed in a highly parallel fashion with errors <1 % ee confirming the feasibility of the systematic examination of crude products from the parallel asymmetric synthesis in real time and in a high‐throughput screening (HTS) fashion.
Efficient Pd‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Carboxylation of Allylic Alcohols with Formic Acid
Authors: Fu Ming‐Chen , Shang Rui , Cheng Wan‐Min , Fu Yao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFormic acid is efficiently used as a C1 source to directly carboxylate allylic alcohols in the presence of a low loading of palladium catalyst and acetic anhydride as additive to afford β,γ‐unsaturated carboxylic acids with excellent chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivity. The reaction proceeds through a carbonylation process with in situ‐generated carbon monoxide under mild conditions, avoiding the use of high‐pressure gaseous CO. A bisphosphine ligand with a large bite angle (4,5‐bis{diphenylphosphino}‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene, Xantphos) was found to be uniquely effective for this transformation. The regio‐ and stereoconvergence of this reaction is ascribed to the thermodynamically favored isomerization of the allylic electrophile in the presence of the palladium catalyst.
Markovnikov versus anti‐Markovnikov Hydrophosphination: Divergent Reactivity Using an Iron(II) β‐Diketiminate Pre‐Catalyst
Authors: King Andrew K. , Gallagher Kimberley J. , Mahon Mary F. , Webster Ruth L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe ability to tune between different regioselectivities using a common pre‐catalyst is an unusual yet highly desirable process. Here, we report the use of an iron(II) pre‐catalyst that can be used to synthesize vinyl phosphines in a Markovnikov‐selective manner in benzene, whereas a simple change to dichloromethane as the reaction solvent leads to the Z‐selective anti‐Markovnikov product. Preliminary mechanistic studies are reported that suggest Markovnikov selectivity is a radical‐mediated process, whereas the anti‐Markovnikov selectivity is not radical in nature but is due to a change in oxidation state.
The inexpensive additive N‐methylmorpholine effectively decreases the equivalents of nucleophiles in the catalytic highly enantioselective arylation of aryl aldehydes
Authors: Wang Pei , Liu Yue , Zhang Ya‐Lun , Da Chao‐Shan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHighly enantioselective arylation of aryl aldehydes catalyzed by (S)‐H8‐BINOL‐Ti(Oi‐Pr)2 complex in the presence of N‐methylmorpholine (NMM) as an effective and inexpensive additive is described for the first time. We found high enantioselectivity and yield but successfully reduced the equivalents of nucleophiles triarylaluminums by 50% compared with our previous report. The practicability of the process was thereby greatly increased.
Towards a fast and secure design for enterprise‐oriented cloud storage systems
Authors: Dong Fang , Zhou Pengcheng , Liu Zijian , Shen Dian , Xu Zhuqing , Luo Junzhou 
Published: May 2017

SummaryWith the rapid development of information technology, enormous volumes of data are being generated by enterprises at all times. The management and storage of these large‐scale data have always been challenging enterprises. As these data are usually shared among users in a collaborative manner, secure data access and access performance are 2 key concerns for data storage of enterprises. However, current solutions fail to meet the requirements of enterprises since they suffer from the following drawbacks: (1) they do not support fine‐grained access control and cannot meet the strict secure data access requirements of enterprises, and (2) they suffer from the unpredictable access latency. Thus in this paper, we propose Frostor, an enterprise‐oriented cloud storage system, which addresses the secure data access issue through a user account and IP‐based fine‐grained access control mechanism, and guarantees the access performance via a two‐level performance optimization mechanism. We further implement Frostor and deploy it on the testbed environment in a real data center. Extensive evaluations have shown that Frostor implements fine‐grained access control, while achieving a significant reduction (≥60%) on access latency.
Prediction of T‐ and H‐Phase Two‐Dimensional Transition‐Metal Carbides/Nitrides and Their Semiconducting–Metallic Phase Transition
Authors: Chen Chi , Ji Xiao , Xu Kui , Zhang Bao , Miao Ling , Jiang Jianjun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe discovery of various two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with different phases is fundamentally and technologically intriguing, leading to diverse physical and chemical properties for expanded applications. Herein, we performed systematic first‐principles calculations to explore a series of single‐layer MXenes (M2X: M=Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta; X=C, N). The new H‐phase MXenes are firstly predicted, which are compared with the usually synthesized MXenes named as T‐phase MXenes on their structure and electronic properties. Semiconducting–metallic transitions could be realized by T‐/H‐ phase transition for Sc2CO2, Sc2CO2H2, and Ti2CO2. Besides, the differences between MXenes and MoS2 on energy storage are discussed. Our work will provide valuable directions for the discovery of new MXene phases and give a systematic understanding of 2D MXenes.
Image‐based modeling and scoring of Howell–Jolly Bodies in human erythrocytes
Authors: Angay Oguzhan , Friedrich Mike , Pinnecker Jürgen , Hintzsche Henning , Stopper Helga , Hempel Klaus , Heinze Katrin G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe spleen selectively removes cells with intracellular inclusions, for example, detached nuclear fragments in circulating erythrocytes, called Howell–Jolly Bodies (HJBs). With absent or deficient splenic function HJBs appear in the peripheral blood and can be used as a simple and non‐invasive risk‐indicator for fulminant potentially life‐threatening infection after spleenectomy. However, it is still under debate whether counting of the rare HJBs is a reliable measure of splenic function. Investigating HJBs in premature erythrocytes from patients during radioiodine therapy gives about 10 thousand times higher HJB counts than in blood smears. However, we show that there is still the risk of false‐positive results by unspecific nuclear remnants in the prepared samples that do not originate from HJBs, but from cell debris residing above or below the cell. Therefore, we present a method to improve accuracy of image‐based tests that can be performed even in non‐specialized medical institutions. We show how to selectively label HJB‐like clusters in human blood samples and how to only count those that are undoubtedly inside the cell. We found a “critical distance” dcrit referring to a relative HJB‐Cell distance that true HJBs do not exceed. To rule out false‐positive counts we present a simple inside‐outside‐rule based on dcrit—a robust threshold that can be easily assessed by combining conventional 2D imaging and straight‐forward image analysis. Besides data based on fluorescence imaging, simulations of randomly distributed HJB‐like objects on realistically modelled cell objects demonstrate the risk and impact of biased counting in conventional analysis. © 2017 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.
The effects of restoring logged tropical forests on avian phylogenetic and functional diversity
Authors: Cosset Cindy C. P. , Edwards David P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSelective logging is the most prevalent land‐use change in the tropics. Despite the resulting degradation of forest structure, selectively logged forests still harbor a substantial amount of biodiversity leading to suggestions that their protection is the next best alternative to conserving primary, old‐growth forests. Restoring carbon stocks under Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) schemes is a potential method for obtaining funding to protect logged forests, via enrichment planting and liberation cutting of vines. This study investigates the impacts of restoring logged forests in Borneo on avian phylogenetic diversity, the total evolutionary history shared across all species within a community, and on functional diversity, with important implications for the protection of evolutionarily unique species and the provision of many ecosystem services. Overall and understorey avifaunal communities were studied using point count and mist netting surveys, respectively. Restoration caused a significant loss in phylogenetic diversity andMPD(mean pairwise distance) leaving an overall bird community of less total evolutionary history and more closely related species compared to unlogged forests, while the understorey bird community hadMNTD(mean nearest taxon distance) that returned toward the lower levels found in a primary forest, indicating more closely related species pairs. The overall bird community experienced a significant loss of functional strategies and species with more specialized traits in restored forests compared to that of unlogged forests, which led to functional clustering in the community. Restoration also led to a reduction in functional richness and thus niches occupied in the understorey bird community compared to unlogged forests. While there are additional benefits of restoration for forest regeneration, carbon sequestration, future timber harvests, and potentially reduced threat of forest conversion, this must be weighed against the apparent loss of phylogenetic and functional diversity from unlogged forest levels, making the biodiversity‐friendliness of carbon sequestration schemes questionable under futureREDD+ agreements. To reduce perverse biodiversity outcomes, it is important to focus restoration only on the most degraded areas or at reduced intensity where breaks between regimes are incorporated.
World without borders—genetic population structure of a highly migratory marine predator, the blue shark (Prionace glauca)
Authors: Veríssimo Ana , Sampaio Íris , McDowell Jan R. , Alexandrino Paulo , Mucientes Gonzalo , Queiroz Nuno , da Silva Charlene , Jones Catherine S. , Noble Leslie R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHighly migratory, cosmopolitan oceanic sharks often exhibit complex movement patterns influenced by ontogeny, reproduction, and feeding. These elusive species are particularly challenging to population genetic studies, as representative samples suitable for inferring genetic structure are difficult to obtain. Our study provides insights into the genetic population structure one of the most abundant and wide‐ranging oceanic shark species, the blue shark Prionace glauca, by sampling the least mobile component of the populations, i.e., young‐of‐year and small juveniles (<2 year; N = 348 individuals), at three reported nursery areas, namely, western Iberia, Azores, and South Africa. Samples were collected in two different time periods (2002–2008 and 2012–2015) and were screened at 12 nuclear microsatellites and at a 899‐bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region. Our results show temporally stable genetic homogeneity among the three Atlantic nurseries at both nuclear and mitochondrial markers, suggesting basin‐wide panmixia. In addition, comparison of mtDNA CR sequences from Atlantic and Indo‐Pacific locations also indicated genetic homogeneity and unrestricted female‐mediated gene flow between ocean basins. These results are discussed in light of the species' life history and ecology, but suggest that blue shark populations may be connected by gene flow at the global scale. The implications of the present findings to the management of this important fisheries resource are also discussed.