bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threonine versus isothreonine in synthetic peptides analyzed by high‐resolution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kuznetsova Ksenia G. , Trufanov Pavel V. , Moysa Alexander A. , Pyatnitskiy Mikhail A. , Zgoda Viktor G. , Gorshkov Mikhail V. , Moshkovskii Sergei A. 
Published: May 2016

RationaleOne of the problems in proteogenomic research aimed at identification of variant peptides is the presence of peptides with amino acid isomers of different origin in the analyzed samples. Among the most challenging examples are peptides with threonine and isothreonine (homoserine) in their sequences. Indeed, the latter residue may appear in vitro as a methionine substitution during sample preparation for shotgun proteome analysis. Yet, this substitution of Met to isoThr is not encoded genetically and should be unambiguously distinguished from, e.g., point mutations in proteins that result in Met conversion to Thr.MethodsIn this work we compared tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra produced by an Orbitrap mass spectrometer of Thr‐ and isoThr‐containing tryptic peptides and found a distinctive feature in their collisionally activated fragmentation patterns.ResultsUp to 84% of MS/MS spectra for peptides containing isoThr residues have been positively specified. We also studied the differences in retention times for peptides containing Thr isoforms that can be further used for their distinction.ConclusionsThreonine can be distinguished from isothreonine by its retention time and HCD fragmentation pattern, specifically relative intensity of the bn‐ product ion, which can be further used in proteomic research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of emerging nitrogenous economic adulterants in milk proteins by high‐performance liquid chromatography/compact mass spectrometry
Authors: Draher Jonathan , Ehling Stefan , Cellar Nick , Reddy Todime , Henion Jack , Sousou Nigel 
Published: May 2016

RationaleMilk‐derived ingredients are widely used around the world in the manufacturing of nutritional products. They are prone to economically motivated adulteration with nitrogenous compounds such as melamine and its analogs in order to increase the nitrogen content of these ingredients. The need to rapidly screen milk‐derived ingredients to detect adulteration is of paramount public health concern. A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)‐based method using a single quadrupole mass spectrometer has been developed for the rapid frontline analysis of six nitrogenous protein adulterants, i.e. melamine, ammeline, ammelide, amidinourea, cyromazine and cyanuric acid, in three key milk‐derived ingredients, i.e. whole milk powder, nonfat milk powder and whey protein concentrate.MethodsThe sample preparation scheme involves both 'dilute and shoot' as well as solid‐phase extraction (SPE)‐based methods. The 'dilute and shoot' scheme uses a tenfold dilution of sample with water followed by protein precipitation using 2% formic acid in acetonitrile. The SPE scheme involves tenfold dilution of sample with water, followed by protein precipitation using acetonitrile, and further cleanup through Strata Melamine SPE cartridges. Sample extracts were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography/single quadrupole mass spectrometry (HILIC/MS) in both positive and negative electrospray ionization mode. Accurate quantitation was achieved using stable isotope labeled internal standards.ResultsA multi‐day method validation study was conducted using three different milk‐derived ingredients. Average accuracies, relative standard deviations (RSD) and method detection limits (MDL) for all analytes in whole milk powder were 65–118%, 7–11% and 0.9–30 mg/kg, using the 'dilute and shoot' extraction procedure. The SPE procedure results were 102‐111%, 5–13%, and 0.4–2.5 mg/kg, respectively, for melamine, ammeline, ammelide and cyromazine only.ConclusionsA rugged and simple to use analytical method to screen for the presence of nitrogenous economic adulterants in milk‐derived ingredients has been developed for routine frontline use. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adtpp: lightweight efficient safe polymorphic algebraic data types for C
Authors: Naish Lee , Schachte Peter , MacNally Aleck M. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAdtpp is an open‐source tool that adds support for algebraic data types (ADTs) to the C programming language. ADTs allow more precise description of program types and more robust handling of data structures than are directly supported by C. ADT definitions and other declarations are put in a file that is preprocessed by adtpp to produce a C header (‘.h’) file that can be included in C source files. The generated header file contains C type definitions, macros, and inline functions that support type‐safe construction, deconstruction, and pattern matching of ADT values while avoiding unsafe operations such as casts, and avoiding the risk of errors such as dereferencing NULL pointers and accessing inappropriate fields of unions. Values are represented efficiently, using techniques from the implementation of declarative languages. For many simple data types, the memory representation is identical to a direct implementation in C, with no loss of efficiency. For more complex types, the adtpp representation is more efficient than common C representations while preserving type safety and convenience. As an example, we present a new variation of 234‐trees that is very compact. Adtpp also supports parametric polymorphism such as defining a type ‘list of t’, where t can be any ADT, and generic functions such as length. However, polymorphic code is somewhat more verbose than for typical declarative languages, due to our reliance on the limited type checking available in C. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Himalayan Cambrian hyoliths
Authors: Kruse Peter D. , Hughes Nigel C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Indian subcontinent remains one of the few regions of the world that lacks an established biostratigraphical framework for the Cambrian. As a step towards realizing this goal, this revision of reportedly Cambrian material previously described as hyolith from the Himalaya permits the recognition of Sulcavitus wynnei (Waagen) from informal Cambrian Stage 4 and possibly as low as upper Stage 3, and Nganki namak sp. nov. from the lower part of informal Cambrian Stage 4 in the Khussak Formation of the sub‐Himalayan Salt Range of Pakistan, and aff. Nitoricornus sp. from informal Cambrian Stage 5 in the Tethyan Himalayan Parahio Formation of the Parahio Valley, northern India. Other previously reported regional hyolith material is either non‐hyolith, questionably assigned to the group, indeterminate or not available. The range of S. wynnei may have local biostratigraphical utility in the late early Cambrian, and the occurrence of the genus Nganki, previously known only from Australia, is consistent with other faunal evidence of biogeographical linkage between India and Australia at that time. Revision of these hyoliths completes a synoptic review of previously described and newly recovered trilobites, brachiopods and hyoliths from the Cambrian of the Indian subcontinent.
Synthesis and Complex Study of the Crystal Hydrate Zn2ZrF8·12H2O
Authors: Voit Elena , Didenko Nina , Gayvoronskaya Kseniya , Slobodyuk Arseniy , Gerasimenko Andrey 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesis and study of structure and properties of a crystal hydrate of the composition Zn2ZrF8·12H2O were performed by XRD, DTA analysis as well as IR, Raman, and 1H, and 19F NMR, including 19F MAS NMR spectroscopy. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic syngony with the following unit cell parameters: a = 20.9649 (12), b = 9.6851 (6), c = 24.0209 (14) Å, β = 103.742 (2)°, space group C2/c, Z = 12. The structure is built from monomeric complex [ZrF8]4– and [Zn(H2O)6]2+ linked through hydrogen bonds of different lengths (O–H···F and O–H···O). The peculiarity of the structure consists in the presence of short hydrogen bonds (interatomic O···F distances 2.5–2.6 Å). Analysis of the IR and Raman spectra allowed interpretation of bands corresponding to vibrations of the [ZrF8]4– anion and to describe hydrogen bonds in the structure of Zn2ZrF8·12H2O. Phase transformations in the process of thermal dehydration were studied on the basis of changes in vibrational and NMR spectra. It has been established that the interligand exchange in the complex anion takes place as early as at –103 °C, whereas no reorientation of hexaaquacations was observed up to 47 °C. At 58 °C, the compound undergoes an incongruent melting accompanied with formation of much more stable ZnZrF6·6H2O and an aqueous salty liquid phase characterized with high mobility of fluorine atoms and protons, in accordance with the NMR spectroscopic data.
On the expressive power of behavioral profiles
Authors: Polyvyanyy Artem , Armas-Cervantes Abel , Dumas Marlon , García-Bañuelos Luciano 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Behavioral profiles have been proposed as a behavioral abstraction of dynamic systems, specifically in the context of business process modeling. A behavioral profile can be seen as a complete graph over a set of task labels, where each edge is annotated with one relation from a given set of binary behavioral relations. Since their introduction, behavioral profiles were argued to provide a convenient way for comparing pairs of process models with respect to their behavior or computing behavioral similarity between process models. Still, as of today, there is little understanding of the expressive power of behavioral profiles. Via counter-examples, several authors have shown that behavioral profiles over various sets of behavioral relations cannot distinguish certain systems up to trace equivalence, even for restricted classes of systems represented as safe workflow nets. This paper studies the expressive power of behavioral profiles from two angles. Firstly, the paper investigates the expressive power of behavioral profiles and systems captured as acyclic workflow nets. It is shown that for unlabeled acyclic workflow net systems, behavioral profiles over a simple set of behavioral relations are expressive up to configuration equivalence. When systems are labeled, this result does not hold for any of several previously proposed sets of behavioral relations. Secondly, the paper compares the expressive power of behavioral profiles and regular languages. It is shown that for any set of behavioral relations, behavioral profiles are strictly less expressive than regular languages, entailing that behavioral profiles cannot be used to decide trace equivalence of finite automata and thus Petri nets.
A Contemporary Evaluation of the Cause of Death and Long‐Term Quality of Life After Total Pancreatectomy
Authors: Wu Wenchuan , Dodson Rebecca , Makary Martin A. , Weiss Matthew J. , Hirose Kenzo , Cameron John L. , Ahuja Nita , Pawlik Timothy M. , Wolfgang Christopher L. , He Jin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTotal pancreatectomy (TP) may be considered for diffuse disease of the pancreas. However, the quality of life (QOL) implications of TP have not been well studied in the contemporary era. We report the QOL and cause of death after TP.Methods186 patients underwent TP between 2000 and 2013. The 100 who were still alive at last follow‐up were sent a questionnaire including the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36), the Audit of Diabetes Dependent QoL (ADD QoL), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment in Cancer Pancreas 26 (EORTC‐PAN‐26). The cause of death was determined for the 86 patients who were dead at last follow‐up.ResultsWhile the majority of deaths of the 86 patients were cancer related (n = 65), only one patient died of diabetes complications. Among the 100 surviving patients, the median follow‐up was 5.9 years. Among the 36 patients who responded to the survey, every patient required pancreatic enzymes and insulin; four patients required seven total hospitalizations for hypoglycemia. The SF‐36 survey indicated a worse QOL in six domains compared with a national population matched with age and gender. However, only physical and emotional domains were decreased compared with self‐matched preoperative state (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The ADD QoL survey showed an overall decrease in diabetes‐related QoL (p < 0.01). When compared to other types of insulin‐dependent diabetes, no significant difference in QoL were found in 14 of 19 domains. The EORTC‐PAN‐26 survey demonstrated that more than 50 % of patients had moderate to severe changes in three of seven domains.ConclusionsMortality from diabetic complications following TP is uncommon. The decreasing QoL after TP is comparable to self‐matched preoperative assessment or insulin‐dependent diabetes from other causes. Accounting for the overall health changes, TP should be considered in carefully selected patients.
The Effect of Hot Deformation Parameters on Microstructure Evolution of the α-Phase in Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Perumal Bama , Rist Martin A. , Gungor Salih , Brooks Jeffery W. , Fitzpatrick Michael E. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The effect of high-temperature deformation and the influence of hot working parameters on microstructure evolution during isothermal hot forging of Ti-6Al-4V in the alpha phase field were investigated. A series of hot isothermal axis-symmetric compression tests were carried out at temperatures both low and high in the alpha stability field [(1153 K and 1223 K (880 °C and 950 °C), respectively], using three strain rates (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0/s) relevant to industrial press forging. The microstructures and orientation of the alpha laths were determined using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction techniques. The experimental results show that there is a change in lath morphology of the secondary α phase under the influence of the deformation parameters, and that α lath thickness appears to have little influence on flow behavior.
Neonatal anoxia leads to time dependent progression of mitochondrial linked apoptosis in rat cortex and associated long term sensorimotor deficits
Authors: Samaiya Puneet K. , Narayan Gopeshwar , Kumar Ashok , Krishnamurthy Sairam 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNeonatal anoxia arises due to oxygen deprivation at the time of birth and results in life long neurodevelopmental deficits and sometimes may lead to death. The present study investigated the time dependent cortical mitochondrial dysfunction linked apoptosis and related sensorimotor deficits in neonates. Neonates after 30 h to birth (P2) were subjected to anoxia of two episodes (10 min in each) at a time interval of 24 h by passing 100% N2 into an enclosed chamber as confirmed by pulse oximetry. Sensorimotor activities like reflex latency and hanging latency were carried out 24 h after last anoxic episode i.e. from P4 (day‐1) and continued up to P10 (day‐7). Mitochondrial dysfunction after anoxia was evident by the decrease in respiration states, respiratory control ratio (RCR), antioxidant enzyme activity but an increase in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) at different time points (30 min, 24 h and day‐7). A change in expression of Bcl‐2 family proteins and opening of mitochondrial transition pore (mPTP) in terms of mitochondrial swelling was observed resulting in release of cytochrome‐C which further activated intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway of apoptosis through increased expression of caspase‐9/3 as confirmed by flow cytometry. In conclusion, anoxia injury leads to progressive activation of mitochondrial events leading to increase in apoptotic cell death following secondary pathological insult. Therefore, strategies in limiting mitochondrial‐linked apoptosis during the secondary insult input process may be useful in treatment of long term sensorimotor deficits following anoxia.
Adolescent HIV viral load in an urban hospital in Newark, New Jersey
Authors: Wong Kristin , Zucker Jason , Fernandes Helen , Cennimo David 
Published: May 2016

Background and objectives:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in adolescents is a growing concern. Amid psychosocial challenges, adolescents must successfully transition into adult-centered care; however, little is known about outcome measurements within this period. We assessed the trend in adolescent HIV viral loads (VLs) in a community with a high HIV prevalence, allowing physicians to better recognize the challenges of transitioning adolescents with HIV to adult care.

Patients and methods:
All HIV RNA VLs from the Molecular Virology Lab at University Hospital in Newark, New Jersey, from 2007 to 2010 were obtained. Patients were divided into pediatric (<13 years of age), adolescent (13—25 years of age), and adult (>25 years of age) age groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses assessed characteristics of patients by age and gender. Results: A minimum of 40 pediatric, 178 adolescent, and 1335 adult patients were identified per year. There was a statistically significant increase in VLs of adolescents when compared to pediatric patients (P < .02). In 3 of the 4 years, there was a statistically significant increase in the rate of male adolescents reaching undetectable VLs compared to female adolescents. The average VL by age demonstrated increasing VLs from age 12 through age 24, while the percentage of patients reaching undetectable VLs peaked at 80% at age 8 and declined through age 24.

Conclusion:
Successful transitional care programs should focus on pediatric needs to address the noticeable decrease in virologic control beginning at 8 years of age and the decreased rate of virologic suppression in females, creating concern for potential gender inequalities and increased risk of vertical transmission.
Freestanding Emergency Critical Care During the Aftermath of Hurricane Sandy: Implications for Disaster Preparedness and Response
Authors: Smith Silas W. , Jamin Catherine T. , Malik Sidrah , Abrukin Liliya , Tupchong Keegan M. , Portelli Ian , Asaeda Glenn , Prezant David J. , Wang Binhuan , Hu Ming , Goldfrank Lewis R. , Meyers Chad M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of an emergency intensive care unit (EICU) established concomitantly with a freestanding emergency department (ED) during the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed records of all patients in Bellevue’s EICU from freestanding ED opening (December 10, 2012) until hospital inpatient reopening (February 7, 2013). Temporal and clinical data, and disposition upon EICU arrival, and ultimate disposition were evaluated.ResultsTwo hundred twenty-seven patients utilized the EICU, representing approximately 1.8% of freestanding ED patients. Ambulance arrival occurred in 31.6% of all EICU patients. Median length of stay was 11.55 hours; this was significantly longer for patients requiring airborne isolation (25.60 versus 11.37 hours, P<0.0001 by Wilcoxon rank sum test). After stabilization and treatment, 39% of EICU patients had an improvement in their disposition status (P<0.0001 by Wilcoxon signed rank test); upon interhospital transfer, the absolute proportion of patients requiring ICU and SDU resources decreased from 37.8% to 27.1% and from 22.2% to 2.7%, respectively.ConclusionsAn EICU attached to a freestanding ED achieved significant reductions in resource-intensive medical care. Flexible, adaptable care systems should be explored for implementation in disaster response. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:496–502)
Strategies to Prevent MRSA Transmission in Community-Based Nursing Homes: A Cost Analysis
Authors: Roghmann Mary-Claire , Lydecker Alison , Mody Lona , Mullins C. Daniel , Onukwugha Eberechukwu 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVETo estimate the costs of 3 MRSA transmission prevention scenarios compared with standard precautions in community-based nursing homes.DESIGNCost analysis of data collected from a prospective, observational study.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTSCare activity data from 401 residents from 13 nursing homes in 2 states.METHODSCost components included the quantities of gowns and gloves, time to don and doff gown and gloves, and unit costs. Unit costs were combined with information regarding the type and frequency of care provided over a 28-day observation period. For each scenario, the estimated costs associated with each type of care were summed across all residents to calculate an average cost and standard deviation for the full sample and for subgroups.RESULTSThe average cost for standard precautions was $100 (standard deviation [SD], $77) per resident over a 28-day period. If gown and glove use for high-risk care was restricted to those with MRSA colonization or chronic skin breakdown, average costs increased to $137 (SD, $120) and $125 (SD, $109), respectively. If gowns and gloves were used for high-risk care for all residents in addition to standard precautions, the average cost per resident increased substantially to $223 (SD, $127).CONCLUSIONSThe use of gowns and gloves for high-risk activities with all residents increased the estimated cost by 123% compared with standard precautions. This increase was ameliorated if specific subsets (eg, those with MRSA colonization or chronic skin breakdown) were targeted for gown and glove use for high-risk activities.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:962–966
An intensive personalised support approach to treating individuals with psychosis and co-morbid mild intellectual disability
Authors: Raftery M. , Burke K. , Murray N. , O’Duinn O. , Murray I. , Hallahan B. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical benefits and associated cost effectiveness of an intensive personalised support (IPS) approach for clients suffering from psychosis and co-morbid mild intellectual disability (ID).MethodFour individuals with a psychotic disorder and co-morbid mild ID participated in an 18-month IPS rehabilitative intervention. Biopsychosocial measures were used to evaluate clinical effectiveness. A cost analysis was undertaken to examine the cost effectiveness of the intervention.ResultsReductions in psychopathology including anxiety symptoms were noted in all individuals. In addition, increased functioning and quality of life were demonstrated in all cases. Overall cost reductions were noted in inpatient care, accommodation and legal/emergency expenses.ConclusionThe IPS approach was clinically effective particularly in addressing individual’s psychosocial needs, psychological functioning, daily living skills and overall quality of life. Costs had decreased for three of the four individuals, ranging from a 17% to 46% savings. The findings highlight that the intervention was cost effective in most cases at this early stage. However, further research is necessary in order to ascertain if cost savings occur over time.
Homann Flow and Heat Transfer of a Newtonian Fluid Over a Translating Plate with Viscous Dissipation and Heat Generation
Authors: Demir M. Ş. , Barış S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA theoretical study is presented for the problem of orthogonal axisymmetric stagnation flow towards an infinite horizontal plate with a constant velocity in the presence of viscous dissipation and heat generation. The governing equations are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by means of appropriate transformations for the velocity components and temperature. The similarity equations are solved numerically using the Matlab routine bvp4c. The results are compared with those known from the literature and an excellent agreement is found. The effects of involved parameters on thex-wise velocity component, temperature, skin friction, heat transfer and entropy generation rate are presented in graphical and tabular forms. It was found that the Eckert number Ec, the Prandtl number Pr and the heat generation parameter α play a significant role on the temperature, heat transfer and entropy generation rate.