bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Economic Impacts of Latanoprost 0.005% in First-Line Treatment of Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension in France
Authors: Bernard L.M. , Althin R. , Dhawan R. , Grima D.T. , Lam A. , Aballéa S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To assess the cost-effectiveness of treatment strategies that utilize first-line latanoprost compared to those based on initial beta-blocker therapy in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OH) in France. Methods The study was based on a decision-analytic model that was populated with data from a retrospective chart review. A hypothetical cohort of patients newly diagnosed with OAG and/or OH was assessed over a period of 2 and 3 years. For each treatment strategy 10,000 patients were assumed. Results First-line latanoprost therapy was significantly more effective than initial treatment with a beta-blocker, providing more days of intraocular pressure (IOP) control primarily due to its longer time until initial treatment failure. Latanoprost's higher acquisition cost was largely offset by reductions in costs associated with surgical procedures. The additional cost for latanoprost was estimated at approximately € 41 and € 27 over 2 and 3 years, respectively. The incremental cost per day of IOP control when latanoprost was used as first-line strategy compared to the first-line beta-blocker strategy was € 0.82 and € 0.36 over 2 and 3 years, respectively. Conclusions These results provide compelling evidence that first-line latanoprost therapy can provide superior clinical outcomes at a small additional cost in actual clinical practice.
Posterior Chamber Lens Implantation Techniques in Posterior Capsular Rupture
Authors: Yilmaz A. , Başer Z. , Sefi yurdakul N. , Maden A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate posterior chamber lens implantation techniques and their results in patients in whom posterior capsular rupture and zonular dialysis arose during cataract operation. METHODS Forty-three cataractous eyes of 43 consecutive patients with complicated cataract operations such as posterior capsular rupture or zonular dialysis were accepted into this prospective study between November 1999 and January 2001. Intraocular lens implantation to ciliary sulcus was achieved without sutures in 19 cases (Group 1), with one suture from 12 o'clock quadrant in 14 cases (Group 2), and with two sutures from 3 to 9 o'clock quadrants in 10 cases (Group 3). Patients were followed up for 3 months after operation and evaluated for best-corrected visual acuity, refractive astigmatism, corneal edema, anterior chamber depth and inflammation, synechia at angle, intraocular pressure, lens tilt and decentration, intraocular hemorrhage, cystoid macular edema, and retinal detachment. Results There was no difference among groups in best-corrected visual acuity, refractive astigmatism, corneal edema, anterior chamber depth and inflammation, intraocular pressure, lens tilt and decentration, cystoid macular edema, or retinal detachment. Anterior chamber and vitreous hemorrhage and peripheral anterior synechia were significantly higher in Group 3 when compared with Group 1 (p=0.009, p=0.009, and p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS In all cases with posterior capsular rupture and zonular dialysis, different posterior chamber lens implantation techniques could be performed, beginning with the least invasive procedure suitable for the conditions with the least complications.
Axial Length, Refractive Error, and Keratometry in Patients with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Goldstein M. , Leibovitch I. , Varssano D. , Rothkoff L. , Feitt N. , Loewenstein A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate ocular parameters that may predispose to the development of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS This prospective study included patients with unilateral BRVO evaluated in the authors' clinic. The mean period from the acute phase was 2.29 ±1.57 years (range 1–6 years). All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination including subjective refraction, axial length measurements, and keratometry readings. The fellow eye served as a control in each patient. The variables of interest were compared between the affected eye and the fellow eye using the parametric t-test and the nonparametric Wilcoxon test. Results Twenty-four consecutive patients (14 women, 10 men, mean age 62.4 years) were included in the study. The mean axial length in the affected eye was significantly shorter compared to the mean fellow eye length. No difference was found between the two eyes in mean subjective refraction or mean keratometry readings. CONCLUSIONS The authors found that eyes with BRVO have a shorter axial length compared to the fellow eye in the same patient.
Endogenous Group G Streptococcus Endophthalmitis following a Dental Procedure
Authors: Ziakas N.G. , Tzetzi D. , Boboridis K. , Georgiadis N.S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis due to group G Streptococcus after a dental procedure. METHODS Case report of a 69-year-old woman who presented with pain, decreased vision, bilateral uveitis, and a unilateral hypopyon 1 week after treatment for an abscessed tooth. Results Bilateral endophthalmitis was diagnosed, and group G Streptococcus was cultured from the vitreous samples. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of endogenous endophthalmitis following a dental procedure. Furthermore, it was due to group G Streptococcus, which is a rare cause of this condition.
Correlating Intraocular Pressure, Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate Changes after Jogging
Authors: Karabatakis V.E. , Natsis K.I. , Chatzi balis T.E. , Lake S.L. , Bisbas I.T. , Kallinderis K.A. , Stangos N.T. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To examine the effects of jogging on intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR). METHODS Twenty-nine healthy individuals-25 athletes and 4 untrained-were studied. IOP, systolic and diastolic BP, and HR were measured before and just after 20 minutes of jogging (submaximal - 70% - aerobic exercise). Results IOP decreased after jogging. Only three individuals had unchanged IOP in one eye and one individual in both eyes. The IOP decrease (1 to 8 mmHg) was statistically significant (p<0.001). BP increased after jogging (systolic: 0 to 60 mmHg, statistically significant changes, p<0.001; diastolic: 0 to 15 mmHg, statistically significant changes, p<0.001). HR increased as well (15 to 80 pulses/min, statistically significant changes, p<0.001). However, there were individuals who presented a significant decrease of IOP and a mild BP rise and vice versa, and also individuals with mild IOP decrease and significant HR change and vice versa. The statistical analysis clearly showed that there are no linear quantitative correlations between BP or HR changes and IOP changes. CONCLUSIONS IOP decreases after jogging. Changes in BP and HR values have no linear quantitative correlation with IOP decrease.
Vitrectomy Results for Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema with and without Inner Limiting Membrane Removal
Authors: Stefaniotou M. , Aspiotis M. , Kalogeropoulos C. , Christodoulou A. , Psylla M. , Ioachim E. , Alamanos I. , Psilas K. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To determine whether vitrectomy for diffuse diabetic macular edema with and without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling is equally effective in reducing edema. METHODS The authors retrospectively analyzed the surgical outcomes in 73 eyes of 52 patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema. Eighteen eyes (Group A) underwent three-port pars plana vitrectomy with posterior hyaloid membrane (PHM) removal, while 55 eyes (Group B) had pars plana vitrectomy with additional ILM peeling after PHM removal. RESULTS. Intraoperatively the posterior hyaloid was found to be attached to the macula in all eyes. In Group A, macular edema resolved completely in 8 eyes (44.4%) with improvement of visual acuity (VA). In Group B, VA improved in 38 eyes (69.1%) with complete resolution of edema. The results of this study indicated that vitrectomy effectively reduced macular edema but eyes with ILM peeling (Group B) presented better results than those without ILM peeling. Another important factor related to the outcome seems to be the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). CONCLUSIONS In eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema vitrectomy seems to be effective, but additional ILM peeling presented better results.
Choroidal Neovascularization in Myopic Eyes after Phakic Refractive Lens and Iris-Claw Lens Implantation
Authors: Ruiz-moreno J.M. , Tavolato M. , Montero J.A. , Alio J.L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe the appearance of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in two myopic patients after implantation of a phakic refractive lens (PRL) and an iris-claw lens. METHODS A PRL was implanted in the left eye of a 35-year-old myopic man. Five weeks later, he reported decreased best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Fluorescein angiography revealed juxtafoveal CNV. Photodynamic therapy with Visudyne (PDT) was successfully performed, achieving closure of the membrane. BCVA was 20/40 3 months afterwards. An iris-claw lens was implanted in the left eye of a 24-year-old myopic man. BCVA after surgery was 20/40 (SE -0.75). Three years later subfoveal CNV was diagnosed. PDT was performed, achieving complete closure of CNV. BCVA was 20/100 3 months after treatment. CONCLUSIONS The appearance of CNV in myopic eyes corrected by phakic intraocular lens implantation is a possible complication that must be considered.
Visual Recognition Time in Strabismus: Small-Angle versus Large-Angle Deviation
Authors: Schiavi C. , Bolzani R. , Benassi M.G. , Bellusci C. , Campos E.C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To measure the possible differences in monocular detection time of a threshold visual acuity stimulus (recognition time [RT]) between patients with small-angle and large-angle strabismus. METHODS Ten patients with free alternating esotropia were tested (10 to 18 years old): five with small-angle esotropia (≤7°), five with large-angle esotropia (15° to 20°). Six age-matched normal subjects served as controls. The RT of the threshold stimulus was measured in both eyes sequentially for stimuli presented in the center of a computer monitor (RT 1). Moreover, we measured the time necessary for identifying the same threshold visual acuity stimulus generated on the computer screen in the moment in which fixation is taken up by one eye after occlusion of the second eye (RT 2). Using the same setting, RT was also measured monocularly in all strabismic and normal subjects who were originally looking at a luminous fixation point positioned horizontally at 6.5 and 15 degrees from the center of the monitor (RT 3). Results The multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measures indicated that there was no statistical difference in RT 1 between groups. The mean RT2 was significantly longer (p<0.001) in large-angle strabismic eyes when compared with that of normal control eyes. The mean RT 2 in small-angle strabismic eyes did not differ significantly from that of normal eyes. Finally, RT 3 (both at 6.5° and 15° of eccentricity) did not show any significant difference in the three different study groups. CONCLUSIONS The authors hypothesized that alternating strabismus patients may have a significant advantage in maintaining a small-angle deviation, as a large-angle deviation would require longer RT in the moment the deviated eye takes up fixation. It can be speculated that the extension of re-fixation movement, obviously shorter in small-angle strabismus patients, is the main factor responsible for longer RT occurring in large-angle strabismus patients.
A New Staging System for Idiopathic Retinal Periphlebitis
Authors: Saxena S. , Kumar D. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To develop and standardize a universally acceptable new staging system for idiopathic retinal periphlebitis (Eales disease). METHODS A new staging system was established and standardized based on standard terminology and features. Idiopathic retinal periphlebitis was classified as peripheral and central types. Peripheral disease consisted of four stages. Stage 1 is periphlebitis of small (1a) and large (1b) caliber vessels with superficial retinal hemorrhages. Stage 2a denotes capillary nonperfusion and 2b neovascularization elsewhere/of the disc. Stage 3a is classified as fibrovascular proliferation and 3b vitreous hemorrhage. Stage 4a is traction/combined rhegmatogenous retinal detachment whereas 4b is rubeosis iridis, neovascular glaucoma, complicated cataract, and optic atrophy. A total of 253 cases of idiopathic retinal periphlebitis (mean age, 24.7 ± 4.7years, all male) presenting at this tertiary care center were classified prospectively according to the new staging system, by two independent observers (inter-observer correlation = 0.7). Results The new staging system was consistent, simple, and easy to recall. Peripheral and central types of idiopathic retinal periphlebitis were found in 94.07% and 5.93% of cases, respectively. The new staging system also defined the severity of the disease. Vitreous hemorrhage was found to be the commonest presenting feature (51.68%), whereas traction/combined rhegmatogenous detachment was found in 5.88% of cases. CONCLUSIONS The new staging system is useful in classifying and assessing the severity of disease. Management strategy can also be defined according to the stage of the disease. It is designed to promote the use of standard assessment with applications to clinical management and research.
Choroidal Neovascularization after Laser in Situ Keratomileusis in a Patient with Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome
Authors: Fedorovich I. , Mehr D.S. , Oz O. , Akduman L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose A 44-year-old patient with presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS) who developed a choroidal neovascularmembrane (CNV) after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery is presented. METHODS A 44-year-old male patient with moderate myopia and POHS who underwent LASIK surgery complained of distorted vision after the procedure. He had a quiet POHS lesion prior to refractive surgery. Fundus examination and fluorescein angiography revealed subfoveal CNV after the LASIK surgery. He underwent 2 sessions of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Results Subfoveal CNV involuted after PDT and his vision improved from 20/300 to 20/25 at 13 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS CNV can be triggered by LASIK surgery in patients with POHS. Those patients should be made aware of and closely followed up postoperatively for this complication.
Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide: Valuation of Retinal Thickness Changes Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography in Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Ferrari T. Micelli , Sborgia L. , Furino C. , Cardascia N. , Ferreri P. , Besozzi G. , Sborgia C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The authors studied the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in a case series of patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema without evidence of vitreous-macular traction refractory to laser photocoagulation. Methods Six eyes with clinically diffuse diabetic macular edema that failed to respond to at least two previous sessions of laser photocoagulation were included. The mean age of selected patients was 72.5 ± 13.8 years, with a preoperative best-corrected visual acuity reduced to 1.48 ± 0.18 logMar and a mean baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) of 15.17 ± 2.64 mmHg. The authors also studied macular thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT 2000 scanner, Humphrey Instruments, San Leandro, CA) – in the preoperative period it was 640.8 ± 171.1 μm – and the fluorangiographic (Heidelberg Retina Angiograph, Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) patterns, which showed pooling in tardy phases and leakage. Mean follow-up was 4 months. Results In each patient the authors observed a significant improvement, both functionally and anatomically. Mean best-corrected visual acuity increased in the postoperative period to 0.94 ± 0.53 logMar. No patient showed decline of visual acuity at the end of follow-up. Base line macular thickness was reduced in the postoperative period to 312.2 ± 157.65 μm measured by OCT and fluorangiographic patterns showed a reduction of pooling and of leakage. The most common complications described in the literature were not observed and the increase of mean IOP in the postoperative period to 18.76 ± 5.72 mmHg was not significant. Conclusions Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide may decrease macular edema and improve visual acuity in eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema.
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome (TINU Syndrome) with Unilateral Neuroretinitis: A Case Report
Authors: Lecleire-Collet A. , Villeroy F. , Vasseneix C. , Landthaler G. , Brasseur G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU syndrome) with unusual unilateral neuroretinitis. Methods An 11-year-old girl who developed anterior uveitis 3 months after acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, without any etiologic factors for either nephritis or uveitis, is presented. Results Several days after the anterior uveitis, the patient presented with unilateral optic disk edema associated with a serous retinal detachment of the posterior pole, never previously described in TINU syndrome, leading to the formation of perifoveal intraretinal exudates. Conclusions In spite of these posterior lesions, clinical course confirmed the previously reported favorable visual outcome of TINU syndrome treated with corticosteroids. It appeared that ocular impairment in TINU syndrome could be more diffuse and more extensive than previously described. As well as the whole uveal tract, the retina and the optic nerve may also be the ocular targets of the idiopathic inflammatory response in TINU syndrome.
Intraocular Astrocytoma without Phacomatosis
Authors: Ředinová M. , Baráková D. , Šach J. , Kuchynka P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Astrocytic tumors occur in the retina or in the optic disc usually as a part of tuberous sclerosis complex or other phacomatosis and their isolated occurrence is rare. The authors present two adult patients in whom the diagnosis of intraocular astrocytoma was established but no signs of phacomatosis were revealed.
Impact of Preoperative Testing on Ophthalmologic and Systemic Outcomes in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Cavallini G.M. , Saccarola P. , D'Amico R. , Gasparin A. , Campi L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the incidence of ophthalmologic and systemic complications in patients who undergo cataract surgery without preoperative tests compared to subjects undergoing cataract surgery preceded by preoperative tests. Methods The randomized controlled study included 1276 consecutive patients admitted to the Institute of Ophthalmology of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia for cataract surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: 638 were assigned not to undergo preoperative evaluation based on routine medical tests and electrocardiograms; the other 638 underwent preoperative evaluation based on said tests. Ophthalmologic and systemic complications were assessed intraoperatively and 1 month after surgery. Results Eleven intraoperative complications occurred in the group without preoperative tests and eight in the group with preoperative tests; at 1 month six complications were recorded in the group without tests and five in the group with tests. Systemic adverse events occurred intraoperatively in four patients, whereas no systemic adverse event was recorded at 1 month in either group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups. Conclusions The findings of this study have broad applicability, because the sample is representative of the population existing in numerous social and healthcare settings; they are of value for administrative purposes, because they may be taken as reference in resource allocation plans; and they have medicolegal implications, as the resulting conduct of healthcare providers is supported by a rigorous scientific study.
Intraocular Pressure Variability in the Anesthetized Rat: A Spectral Analysis
Authors: Marques-Neves C. , Martins-Baptista A. , Boto J.P. , Delgado E. , Silva-Carvalho L. , Rocha I. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a measure of the balance between the inflow and outflow of the aqueous humor, being in close relationship with the venous ocular blood flow. But the influence of the autonomic nervous system upon this variable is not well understood. One of the most frequently used mathematical tools for the evaluation of the autonomic nervous system in the frequency domain is the fast Fourier algorithm (FFT) applied to the analysis of heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (BP). For these variables, a power spectrum has been built showing the major bands: very low frequency, lower frequency, and higher frequency (HF). The range of these bands depends on the animal species. In this study, the authors used FFT to analyze the variability of IOP in anesthetized rats. Methods BP and electrocardiogram were acquired at 2 KHz in all animals before and following muscle blockade and artificial ventilation at the same frequency as the spontaneous ventilation. Also, in this last condition, IOP was recorded before and after the application of atropine in the eye. Results Results show three bands in the IOP spectrum, a similar profile to those observed in the HR and BP spectra, with HF band modified after atropine application Discussion The discussion calls attention to the influence of the autonomic nervous system on IOP and suggests the possibility of clinical application of this methodology on diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy.
Screening for Glaucoma in a General Population with the Non-Mydriatic Fundus Camera and the Frequency Doubling Perimeter
Authors: Detry-Morel M. , Zeyen T. , Kestelyn P. , Collignon J. , Goethals M. ,   Belgian Glaucoma Society
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the usefulness of non-mydriatic fundus camera (NMFu-camera) and frequency doubling perimeter (FDP) for detecting glaucoma in a general population. Methods This prospective observational multicenter study consisted in screening for glaucoma in the populations of three Belgian cities. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with non-contact pneumo-tonometer (NCT) and applanation tonometry (AT) if NCT IOP was ≥17 mmHg. Visual field was screened with FDP (C-20-5) and digitized optic disc photographs (ODPs) were taken with NMFu-camera. FDP was considered abnormal if at least one defective point was found. ODPs were graded as normal or glaucomatous by consensus of three glaucoma specialists. Optic disc and visual field results were matched per eye. Subjects with known ocular hypertension and/or treated primary open angle glaucoma were excluded from the analysis. Results A total of 1620 subjects were included in the study. Their mean age was 63.2 years. AT IOP was >21 mmHg in 8.2%. A total of 98.1% of ODPs could be interpreted. Glaucomatous optic discs were detected in 3.5% of the subjects. In this group only 24% had an AT IOP ≥22 mmHg. FDP was abnormal in 44.5%. The sensitivity and specificity of FDP to identify patients with an optic disc graded as glaucomatous were 58.6% and 64.3% respectively. Conclusions The combined use of the NMFu-camera and the FDP is a feasible method for an initial glaucoma mass screening. NMFu-camera may be a useful and quick method to screen for glaucomatous damage in a community. FDP in screening strategy was revealed to be not sensitive enough when setting the cut-off value at one defective test location. IOP measurements were confirmed to be a poor tool to detect glaucomatous damage.