bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo-responsive cascade antimicrobial platform for precise biofilm removal and enhanced wound healing
Authors: Du Ting , Cao Jiangli , Zhang Zhannuo , Xiao Zehui , Jiao Jingbo , Song Zhiyong , Du Xinjun , Wang Shuo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Bacterial infection, tissue hypoxia and inflammatory response can hinder infected wound repair. This study aimed to develop a multifunctional specific therapeutic photo-activated release nanosystem [HMPB@MB@AuNPs@PMB@HA (HMAPH)] by loading photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) into hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanostructures and modifying the surface with gold particles, polymyxin B (PMB) and hydrophilic hyaluronic acid.

Methods
The HMAPH was characterized using transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photon spectroscopy. The photothermal performance, iron ion release and free radical generation of the HMAPH were measured under different conditions to investigate its thermo-responsive cascade reaction. The antibacterial ability of HMAPH was investigated using live/dead fluorescence tests. The morphology and membrane integrity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The anti-biofilm activity of HMAPH was evaluated using crystal violet and SYBR Green I staining. Finally, we established a mouse model of a skin wound infected by P. aeruginosa to confirm the in vivo effectiveness of HMAPH. We used immunofluorescent staining, hematoxylin–eosin staining, Masson staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine whether HMAPH promoted wound healing and reduced inflammatory damage.

Results
In this study, hyaluronic acid was decomposed under the action of hyaluronidase. Also, the exposed nanomaterials specifically bound to the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa through PMB to increase the membrane sensitivity to photodynamic treatment. Under dual-light irradiation, a large amount of iron ions released by HMAPH underwent a Fenton reaction with H2O2 in bacteria to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH), enabling direct killing of cells by hyperthermia. Additionally, the photodynamic activity of MB released by photo-induced activation led to the generation of reactive oxygen species, achieving synergistic and effective inhibition of P. aeruginosa. HMAPH also inhibited biofilm formation and downregulated the expression of virulence factors. In vivo experiments revealed that HMAPH accelerated the healing of P. aeruginosa-infected wounds by promoting angiogenesis and skin regeneration, inhibiting the inflammatory response and promoting M1 to M2 polarization.

Conclusions
Our study proposed a strategy against bacteria and biofilms through a synergistic photothermal–photodynamic–Fenton reaction, opening up new prospects for combating biofilm-associated infections.
Graspable foods and tools elicit similar responses in visual cortex
Authors: Ritchie John Brendan , Andrews Spencer T , Vaziri-Pashkam Maryam , Baker Chris I 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The extrastriatal visual cortex is known to exhibit distinct response profiles to complex stimuli of varying ecological importance (e.g. faces, scenes, and tools). Although food is primarily distinguished from other objects by its edibility, not its appearance, recent evidence suggests that there is also food selectivity in human visual cortex. Food is also associated with a common behavior, eating, and food consumption typically also involves the manipulation of food, often with hands. In this context, food items share many properties with tools: they are graspable objects that we manipulate in self-directed and stereotyped forms of action. Thus, food items may be preferentially represented in extrastriatal visual cortex in part because of these shared affordance properties, rather than because they reflect a wholly distinct kind of category. We conducted functional MRI and behavioral experiments to test this hypothesis. We found that graspable food items and tools were judged to be similar in their action-related properties and that the location, magnitude, and patterns of neural responses for images of graspable food items were similar in profile to the responses for tool stimuli. Our findings suggest that food selectivity may reflect the behavioral affordances of food items rather than a distinct form of category selectivity.
Efficacy of early use of percutaneous stellate ganglion block for electrical storms
Authors: Baldi Enrico , Dusi Veronica , Rordorf Roberto , Currao Alessia , Compagnoni Sara , Sanzo Antonio , Gentile Francesca Romana , Frea Simone , Gravinese Carol , Angelini Filippo , Cauti Filippo Maria , Iannopollo Gianmarco , De Sensi Francesco , Gandolfi Edoardo , Frigerio Laura , Crea Pasquale , Zagari Domenico , Casula Matteo , Binaghi Giulio , Sangiorgi Giuseppe , Barone Lucy , Persampieri Simone , Dell’Era Gabriele , Patti Giuseppe , Colombo Claudia , Mugnai Giacomo , Tavella Domenico , Notaristefano Francesco , Barengo Alberto , Falcetti Roberta , Girardengo Giulia , D’Angelo Giuseppe , Tanese Nikita , Sgromo Vito , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Savastano Simone ,   all the STAR study group, Fasolino Alessandro , Pontremoli Silvia Miette , Bendotti Sara , Primi Roberto , Auricchio Angelo , Conte Giulio , Rossi Pietro , Morena Arianna , Toscano Antonio , Carinci Valeria , Dattilo Giuseppe , Mancini Nastasia , Tritto Massimo , Corda Marco , Tola Gianfranco , Cesarano Elisa , Scudu Claudia , Lupi Alessandro , Carassia Claudia , De Vecchi Federica , Vargiu Sara , Perego Giovanni Battista , Chieffo Enrico 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Electrical storm (ES) is a life-threatening condition requiring a rapid management. Percutaneous stellate ganglion block (PSGB) is proved to be safe and effective on top of standard therapy, but no data are available about its early use.

Methods and results
We considered all patients enrolled from 1 July 2017 to 30 April 2024 in the STAR registry (STellate ganglion block for Arrhythmic stoRm), a multicentre, international, observational, prospective registry. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the first PSGB only. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether they received PSGB before [early PSGB, often due to antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) contraindication] or after (delayed PSGB) intravenous AADs (AADs other than beta-blockers). We considered 180 PSGB (26 early PSGB and 154 AAD first). In the early PSGB group, we observed a statistically significant reduction of treated arrhythmic events in the hour after PSGB compared with the hour before: 0 (0–0) vs. 4.5 (1–10), P &lt; 0.001, and the extent of the reduction was similar in the early PSGB and delayed PSGB groups [−4.5 (−7 to −2) vs. −2.5 (−3.5 to −1.5), P = ns]. The percentage of patients free from arrhythmias was similar in the two groups up to 12 h after PSGB (81 vs. 84%, P = 0.6, after 1 h; 77 vs. 79%, P = 0.8, at 3 h; and 65 vs. 69%, P = 0.7, after 12 h).

Conclusion
Percutaneous stellate ganglion block is proved to be effective also when used early in the treatment of ES. Due to its rapidity of action, our results may suggest its early use to reduce the number of defibrillations and possibly to reduce the likelihood of a refractory ES.
Late mitral leaflet tear after transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for acute ischaemic mitral regurgitation: a case report
Authors: Cannata Francesco , Tamborini Gloria , Zanobini Marco , Marana Ivana , Muratori Manuela , De Marco Federico , Pontone Gianluca , Pepi Mauro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle rupture is a severe complication of acute myocardial infarction. Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair is emerging as an effective alternative to surgical treatment, with encouraging outcomes. Leaflet adverse events are rare and are associated with relapse of significant mitral regurgitation.

Case summary
A 54-year-old man arrived at our hospital with a late presentation of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. During primary percutaneous coronary intervention of the circumflex coronary artery, a partial papillary muscle rupture occurred with acute severe mitral regurgitation and cardiogenic shock. Due to the severe haemodynamic instability, the patient underwent an emergent transcatheter edge-to-edge repair with MitraClip device during Impella support with mitral regurgitation resolution and haemodynamic stabilization. At 2-month follow-up, an interclip leaflet tear occurred with relapse of severe mitral regurgitation, requiring a mitral valve replacement surgery.

Discussion
Acute mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle rupture is a serious complication of acute myocardial infarction. Management is based on haemodynamic stabilization and surgery. The transcatheter edge-to-edge repair is emerging as a therapeutic alternative in high-risk cases. Leaflet adverse events rarely occur during the transcatheter edge-to-edge repair procedure or before patient discharge. Our case is the first to report a late leaflet adverse event, occurring two months after the procedure and, interestingly, after an acute myocardial infarction conditioning an ischaemic mitral regurgitation. This event may be the result of the progressive adverse remodelling of left ventricular inferolateral akinetic wall, with consequent increase of tethering forces on the posterior leaflet, tensioned in the opposite direction by the clip.
External fixation of an internal aortic annuloplasty device: advancing the technique
Authors: Girdauskas Evaldas , Stock Sina , Owais Tamer , Dumps Christian , Von Stumm Maria , Holst Theresa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a modified technique of Hemispherical Aortic Annuloplasty Reconstructive Technology (HAART) 200 annuloplasty ring implantation in bicuspid aortic valve morphology by external fixation of the looping sutures to avoid common complications associated with the original implantation technique. Preliminary results are promising and should be confirmed in subsequent multicentre studies.
Breast cancer and cardiovascular health
Authors: López-Fernández Teresa , Marco Irene , Aznar Marianne C , Barac Ana , Bergler-Klein Jutta , Meattini Icro , Scott Jessica M , Cardinale Daniela , Dent Susan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Modern cancer therapies greatly improve clinical outcomes for both early and advanced breast cancer patients. However, these advances have raised concerns about potential short- and long-term toxicities, including cardiovascular toxicities. Therefore, understanding the common risk factors and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to cardiovascular toxicity is essential to ensure best breast cancer outcomes. While cardio-oncology has emerged as a sub-speciality to address these challenges, it is essential that all cardiologists recognize and understand the cardiovascular consequences of cancer therapy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential adverse cardiovascular effects associated with modern breast cancer therapies. A preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic workflow to minimize the impact of cardiovascular toxicity on patient outcomes is presented. Key aspects of this workflow include regular monitoring of cardiovascular function, early detection and management of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicities, and optimization of cardiovascular risk factor control. By highlighting the gaps in knowledge in some areas, this review aims to emphasize the critical role of cardio-oncology research in ensuring the holistic well-being of patients with breast cancer.
A randomized controlled implementation study integrating patient self-screening with a remote central monitoring system to screen community dwellers aged 75 years and older for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wong Kam Cheong , Nguyen Tu N , Marschner Simone , Turnbull Samual , Indrawansa Anupama Balasuriya , White Rose , Burns Mason Jenner , Gopal Vishal , Min Haeri , Quintans Desi , von Huben Amy , Trankle Steven A , Usherwood Tim , Lindley Richard I , Kumar Saurabh , Chow Clara K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) provides opportunities to reduce stroke risk. This study aimed to compare AF diagnosis rates, participant satisfaction, and feasibility of an electrocardiogram (ECG) self-screening virtual care system with usual care.

Methods and results
This randomized controlled implementation study involving community-dwelling people aged ≥75 years was conducted from May 2021 to June 2023. Participants were given a handheld single-lead ECG device and trained to self-record ECGs once daily on weekdays for 12 months. The control group received usual care with their general practitioners in the first 6 months and participated in the subsequent 6 months. Atrial fibrillation diagnosis and participant satisfaction were assessed at 6 months. Two hundred participants (mean age 79.0 ± 3.4 years; 54.0% female; 72.5% urban) were enrolled. Atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 10/97 (10.3%) intervention participants and 2/100 (2.0%) in the control group (odds ratio 5.6, 95% confidence interval 1.4–37.3, P = 0.03). In the intervention, 80% of AF cases were diagnosed within 3 months. 91/93 (97.9%) intervention participants and 55/93 (59.1%) control-waitlisted participants (P &lt; 0.001) were satisfied with AF screening. Of the expected 20 days per month, the overall monthly median number of days participants self-recorded ECGs was 20 (interquartile range 17–22). Participants were confident using the device (93%), reported it was easy to use (98%), and found screening efficient (96%).

Conclusion
Patient-led AF self-screening using single-lead ECG devices with a remote central monitoring system was feasible, acceptable, and effective in diagnosing AF among older people. This screening model could be adapted for implementation, interfacing with integrated care models within existing health systems.

Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry identifier: ACTRN12621000184875.
Natural products and derivatives as Japanese encephalitis virus antivirals
Authors: Mi Yunqi , Guo Yan , Luo Xuliang , Bai Yang , Chen Haonan , Wang Meihua , Wang Yang , Guo Jiao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes acute Japanese encephalitis (JE) in humans and reproductive disorders in pigs. There are ~68 000 cases of JE worldwide each year, with ~13 600–20 400 deaths. JE infections have a fatality rate of one-third, and half of the survivors experience permanent neurological sequelae. The disease is prevalent throughout the Asia–Pacific region and has the potential to spread globally. JEV poses a serious threat to human life and health, and vaccination is currently the only strategy for long-term sustainable protection against JEV infection. However, licensed JEV vaccines are not effective against all strains of JEV. To date, there are no drugs approved for clinical use, and the development of anti-JEV drugs is urgently needed. Natural products are characterized by a wide range of sources, unique structures, and low prices, and this paper provides an overview of the research and development of anti-JEV bioactive natural products.
Chromosome-level genome assemblies of two littorinid marine snails indicate genetic basis of intertidal adaptation and ancient karyotype evolved from bilaterian ancestors
Authors: Wang Yan-Shu , Li Meng-Yu , Li Yu-Long , Li Yu-Qiang , Xue Dong-Xiu , Liu Jin-Xian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Living in the intertidal environment, littorinid snails are excellent models for understanding genetic mechanisms underlying adaptation to harsh fluctuating environments. Furthermore, the karyotypes of littorinid snails, with the same chromosome number as the presumed bilaterian ancestor, make them valuable for investigating karyotype evolution from the bilaterian ancestor to mollusks. Here, we generated high-quality, chromosome-scale genome assemblies for 2 littorinid marine snails, Littorina brevicula (927.94 Mb) and Littoraria sinensis (882.51 Mb), with contig N50 of 3.43 Mb and 2.31 Mb, respectively. Comparative genomic analyses identified 92 expanded gene families and 85 positively selected genes as potential candidates possibly associated with intertidal adaptation in the littorinid lineage, which were functionally enriched in stimulus responses, innate immunity, and apoptosis process regulation and might be involved in cellular homeostasis maintenance in stressful intertidal environments. Genome macrosynteny analyses indicated that 4 fissions and 4 fusions led to the evolution from the 17 presumed bilaterian ancestral chromosomes to the 17 littorinid chromosomes, implying that the littorinid snails have a highly conserved karyotype with the bilaterian ancestor. Based on the most parsimonious reconstruction of the common ancestral karyotype of scallops and littorinid snails, 3 chromosomal fissions and 1 chromosomal fusion from the bilaterian ancient linkage groups were shared by the bivalve scallop and gastropoda littorinid snails, indicating that the chromosome-scale ancient gene linkages were generally preserved in the mollusk genomes for over 500 million years. The highly conserved karyotype makes the littorinid snail genomes valuable resources for understanding early bilaterian evolution and biology.
Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Type Unclassified: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Scotland With up to 20 Years Follow-up Shows Reclassification in the Majority and Mild Course in Those Whose Diagnosis Is Unchanged
Authors: Wands David I F , Gianolio Laura , Cameron Fiona , Hansen Richard , Russell Richard K , Wilson David C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Given the paucity of long-term longitudinal data for inflammatory bowel disease type unclassified (IBDU), we aimed to clarify IBDU disease course and reclassification rate by presenting nationwide data with up to 20 years of follow-up.

Methods
We analyzed a prospectively identified 11-year cohort of pediatric patients diagnosed with IBDU between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2013 at all Scottish pediatric IBD centers and followed up into adult services until December 31, 2022. Data were obtained from electronic medical records at fixed timepoints (5 and 10 years post-diagnosis) and at the final follow-up.

Results
Overall, 102 patients were included in the analysis (57/102 [56%] male, median [interquartile range {IQR}] age at diagnosis: 11.5 [9.1-13.2] years) with a median (IQR) follow-up length of 10.5 (8.6-14.0) years. A change of diagnosis was made in 61 of 102 patients (60%); of these, 30 patients (29%) were reclassified to Crohn’s disease (CD) and 31 patients (30%) to ulcerative colitis (UC). Patients who remained with IBDU had higher 1- to 5-year remission rates (IBDU 30/39 [77%] vs reclassified 16/57 [28%], P &lt; .05), with lower rates of moderate-to-severe disease (IBDU 3/39 [8%] vs reclassified 31/57 [54%], P &lt; .05) and less need for biologics across all timepoints (IBDU vs reclassified: first timepoint 1/39 [3%] vs 17/57 [30%], second timepoint 1/33 [3%] vs 26/56 [46%], third timepoint 0/18 [0%] vs 16/33 [49%]; all P &lt; .05). Higher rates of surgical resections were observed in reclassified patients (reclassified 11/61 [18%] vs IBDU 1/41 [2%], P = .02).

Conclusions
In our nationwide pediatric IBDU cohort, 60% of patients were reclassified to either UC or CD over 10.5 years of median follow-up; those who remained with IBDU had a milder disease course.
Healthcare Utilization and Geographic Distribution of Advanced Therapy in Minority Race and Ethnic Groups With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Hussain Fatima S , Potlach Tomas , Chi Xiaofei , Gurka Matthew J , Hall Jaclyn , Setya Aniruddh , Chaudhry Naueen A , Pham Angela , Damas Oriana M , Kerman David , Abreu Maria T , Zimmermann Ellen M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Biases in healthcare pose challenges for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients from underrepresented races and ethnicities. Our study aimed to assess the quality of and access to care among underrepresented racial and ethnic populations using a diverse database.

Methods
We used the OneFlorida Data Trust, representing over half of Florida’s population. We performed a retrospective study from 2012 to 2020. Advanced IBD therapies included a prescription of at least 1 biologic agent or tofacitinib. Disease activity markers included C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin (Hgb), albumin, and white blood cell (WBC). Regression analyses compared the rates of medication use, healthcare utilization, and disease severity by race and ethnicity. Geographic distribution of advanced IBD therapy was analyzed at the county level.

Results
Our study included 10 578 patients. Hispanic patients utilized more biologics than non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients (odds ratio [OR]: 1.3, P &lt; .0001). Non-Hispanic Black patients utilized more steroids than NHW (OR: 1.2, P = .0004). Hispanics had fewer visits to emergency departments (EDs) and fewer admissions compared with NHW (OR: 0.7 and 0.6, respectively; P &lt; .0001). Non-Hispanic Black patients visited ED more frequently than NHW patients (OR: 1.3, P &lt; .0001). Hispanics had lower disease activity markers than NHW based on CRP (OR: 0.5, P = .005), Hgb (OR: 0.4, P &lt; .0001), albumin (OR: 0.7, P &lt; .0001), and WBC (OR: 0.5, P &lt; .0001). Geographic distribution of advanced IBD therapy showed clustered areas in southern and northern Florida.

Conclusions
Our data show an improved access to care pattern in Hispanic patients. However, disparities still exist, and this is evident in the healthcare utilization trends observed among non-Hispanic Black patients.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 as a Potential Biomarker of the Intersection of Trauma and Cannabis Use
Authors: Weiss Emily R , Davis Margaret T , Asch Ruth H , D’Souza Deepak Cyril , Cool Ryan , Esterlis Irina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) dysregulation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of trauma-related psychopathology, and there are direct interactions between the endocannabinoid and glutamatergic systems. However, relationships between cannabis use (CU) and mGlu5 have not been directly investigated in trauma-related psychopathology.

Methods
Using positron emission tomography with [18F]FPEB, we examined relationships between CU status and mGlu5 availability in vivo in a cross-diagnostic sample of individuals with trauma-related psychopathology (n = 55). Specifically, we tested whether mGlu5 availability in frontolimbic regions of interest (ROIs; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus) differed as a function of CU status.

Results
Past-year CU (n = 22) was associated with 18.62%–19.12% higher mGlu5 availability in frontal and 14.24%–16.55% higher mGlu5 in limbic ROIs relative to participants with no recent CU. Similarly, past-month or monthly CU (n = 16) was associated with higher mGlu5 availability in frontal (18.05%–20.62%) and limbic (15.53%–16.83%) ROIs. mGlu5 availability in the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in the past-year CU group. In both CU groups, exploratory analyses showed negative correlations between mGlu5 availability and sadness across all ROIs and with perceptions of worthlessness and past failures (r’s = −.47 to .66, P’s = .006–.033) in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Participants with CU reported lower mean depressive symptoms (P’s = .006–.037) relative to those without CU.

Conclusions
These findings have substantial implications for our understanding of interactions between CU and glutamatergic neurotransmission in trauma-related psychopathology, underscoring the need for treatment development efforts to consider the effects of CU in this population.