bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penile erection induces angiogenic, survival, and antifibrotic signals: molecular events associated with penile erection induced by cavernous nerve stimulation in mice
Authors: Kwon Mi‐Hye , Park Soo‐Hwan , Song Kang‐Moon , Ghatak Kalyan , Limanjaya Anita , Ryu Dong‐Soo , Ock Jiyeon , Hong Soon‐Sun , Ryu Ji‐Kan , Suh Jun‐Kyu 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the molecular events related to penile erection in the corpus cavernosum tissue of mice after electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve.MethodsTwelve‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice were used in this study. Electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve was carried out to induce penile erection. Corpus cavernosum tissues were then harvested to determine the effect of nerve‐induced penile erection on signaling pathway involved in angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, angiopoietin‐1, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 9), cell survival and proliferation (phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, phospho‐Akt/Akt, and phospho‐ERK/ERK), and tissue fibrosis (phospho‐Smad2/Smad2, phospho‐Smad3/Smad3, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1).ResultsCavernous nerve stimulation enhanced the expression of factors involved in angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, angiopoietin‐1, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and metalloproteinase 9), and activated intracellular signaling mediators related to cell survival and proliferation (phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, phospho‐Akt/Akt, and phospho‐ERK/ERK), while suppressing the pathways involved in tissue fibrosis (phospho‐Smad2/Smad2, phospho‐Smad3/Smad3, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1).ConclusionsPenile erection in mice is accompanied by the activation of a cascade of signaling pathways involved in angiogenesis, cell survival and proliferation, and antifibrosis. The present results might provide a theoretical and molecular basis for understanding the importance of penile rehabilitation and subsequent restoration of nocturnal or sexually‐mediated penile erections.
Effects of stress, dyadic communication and adaptation on prostatectomy patients' quality of life
Authors: Kim Hae Sook , Ahn Han Jong 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effects of stress, dyadic communication and dyadic adaptation of patients who received prostatectomy and their spouses on the quality of life (QOL) of patients. A descriptive design was used with 113 prostatectomy couples. Data were collected from December 2012 to February 2014 at a prostate cancer centre in Korea. Stress, dyadic communication, dyadic adaptation and patient QOL were measured with the perceived stress scale, communication pattern questionnaire, Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment‐Prostate, respectively. Emotional QOL of patients was negatively affected by stress (β = −0·624, p < 0·001) and mutual avoidance communication (β = −0·050, p = 0·001) of the patients as well as couple cohesion (β = −0·113, p = 0·015). The predictive power (F = 25·895, p < 0·001) was 41·6%. Social QOL of patients was negatively affected by patient stress (β = −0·331, p = 0·010) and positively affected by the constructive communication of the patients (β = 0·034, p = 0·006) and spouses (β = 0·029, p = 0·014) and withdrawal communication of the spouses (β = 0·035, p < 0·001), and the predictive power (F = 11·391, p < 0·001) was 29·7%. Functional QOL of patients was negatively affected by patient stress (β = −0·680, p < 0·001) and positively affected by the patients' assessment of couple cohesion n (β = 0·173, p = 0·007). The predictive power (F = 18·491, p < 0·001) was 25·2%. To improve the QOL of patients who received prostatectomy, a programme needs to be developed to reduce patient stress and improve constructive communication and couple cohesion.
Multiprotein bridging factor 2 regulates the expression of the fibroin heavy chain gene by interacting with Bmdimmed in the silkworm Bombyx mori
Authors: Zhou C. , Zha X. , Shi P. , Wei S. , Wang H. , Zheng R. , Xia Q. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMultiprotein bridging factor 2 (MBF2) was first isolated from the posterior silk gland of Bombyx mori. However, its function in B. mori is still unknown. Herein, MBF2 transcripts were detected mainly in the posterior silk gland and Malpighian tubules of B. mori larvae via a quantitative PCR analysis. An analysis of temporal expression patterns showed that the expression pattern of MBF2 was the opposite of that of the fibroin heavy chain (fibH) gene, as its expression was high during the fourth‐instar moulting stage, decreased gradually during the fifth‐instar feeding stage and disappeared at the end of the fifth‐instar phase. Furthermore, bimolecular fluorescent complementation and Far‐Western blot assays showed that MBF2 interacted with the basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor Bmdimmed. Dual luciferase reporter assays showed that MBF2 down‐regulated the promoter activity of fibH and inhibited the effect of Bmdimmed (Bmdimm) on fibH expression. MBF2 expression was induced in silk glands after treatment with 20‐hydroxyecdysone in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that MBF2 is a transcriptional repressor that is involved in controlling the regulation of the fibH gene in the posterior silk gland by interacting with Bmdimm.
The International Monetary Fund, Party System Institutionalization, and Protest in Latin America
Authors: Béjar Sergio , Moraes Juan Andrés 
Published: April 2016

AbstractExtant studies have documented a positive correlation between country participation in International Monetary Fund–sponsored programs and collective protests in Latin America. However, anecdotal evidence indicates that there is a great deal of variation in the number of protests in recipient countries across the region. This article provides a theoretical argument that explains how the fund interacts with the level of party system institutionalization to affect the level of protest. The main prediction is that the level of protest decreases in recipient countries when the level of party system institutionalization is high. Empirical results from a sample of 16 Latin American democracies observed from 1982 to 2007 provide strong statistical and substantive support for the main hypothesis.
Conditional Cash Transfer Programs and Electoral Accountability: Evidence from Latin America
Authors: Pavão Nara 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDo conditional cash transfer programs reduce voters' incentives to hold their government accountable for its performance? Studies show that these programs generate considerable electoral returns for the governments responsible for them. One important and unexplored question is whether these popular programs have also changed the landscape of accountability in Latin America. Survey data from 16 Latin American countries that have adopted CCT programs do not offer support for the claim that such programs have a detrimental effect on electoral accountability for corruption and for the economy. Only in countries where CCT programs do not follow strict rules do beneficiaries attribute relatively less weight to the government's economic performance, but this effect is marginal. These findings fill an important gap in the literature and offer reassuring evidence that cash transfers can alleviate poverty while preserving voters' incentives to exercise electoral accountability in crucial areas of government performance.
An integrative review of the factors related to building age‐friendly rural communities
Authors: Neville Stephen , Napier Sara , Adams Jeffery , Wham Carol , Jackson Debra 
Published: April 2016

Aim and objectivesTo identify the theories and concepts related to building age‐friendly rural communities.BackgroundGlobal population is rapidly ageing. Creating environments that support active ageing was a catalyst for the World Health Organization to develop Global Age‐Friendly Cities guidelines. Although the age‐friendly movement has captured the attention of some countries, little is known about the participation of older people in rural settings.MethodAn integrative review approach was employed to summarise the research literature on this topic. Using a systematic search strategy, databases including Discover (EBSCO's electronic database system), Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline and Google Scholar were searched. Primary, peer‐reviewed studies were included if published during 2007–2014 in the English language.ResultsNine studies were eligible for inclusion. The studies were set predominantly in Canada, with the exception of one from Ireland. The findings were summarised and clustered into main topics which included: theoretical perspectives; geographic and demographic characteristics; collaboration and partnerships; sustainability and capacity; and finally, future research agendas.ConclusionsRural communities are changing rapidly and are becoming increasingly diverse environments. Community characteristics can help or hinder age‐friendliness. Importantly, the fundamental starting point for age‐friendly initiatives is establishing older peoples’ perceptions of their own communities.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is important for nurses, working in primary health care settings, to understand the needs of older people in the communities in which they practice. This includes the community characteristics that can be enablers and barriers to older people being able to remain and age within their own communities.
Standardized method to assess medicines’ acceptability: focus on paediatric population
Authors: Ruiz Fabrice , Vallet Thibault , Pensé-Lhéritier Anne-Marie , Aoussat Ameziane 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this article was to present an original standardized tool assessing the medicine's acceptability whichever their characteristics and the patient features.

Methods
An acceptability map was built with objective measures from medicine use assessments collected in real-life conditions. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was used for the mapping process. Hierarchical classification on the principal components (HCPC) of the MCA was performed for the clustering process corresponding to distinct acceptability profiles.

Key findings
The results presented here focus on 234 evaluations issued from the paediatric population and gathered in four clusters: ‘well-accepted’ (50%), ‘accepted’ (19%), ‘poorly accepted’ (25%) and ‘not accepted’ medicines (6%). The first one was characterized by a dose fully taken, in a short time, with a patient's positive reaction; the second by a longer administration time, a neutral reaction and the use of methods to achieve administration (reward, divided dose). Differentiation between the two last clusters was, respectively, originated by a required dose partially taken or not taken.

Conclusions
The acceptability profile of each medicine can be evaluated with the map position of the related patient's assessments barycentre. This tool should satisfy expectations in terms of methods for appropriate acceptability evaluation and standardized comparison among medicines.
Use of time‐at‐temperature data to describe dive behavior in five species of sympatric deep‐diving toothed whales
Authors: Joyce Trevor W. , Durban John W. , Fearnbach Holly , Claridge Diane , Ballance Lisa T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper develops and validates a method of using time‐at‐temperature (TAT) histograms from satellite transmitter tags to describe the dive activity patterns and approximate depth distributions of five deep‐diving toothed whale species in the northern Bahamas. TAT histograms represent a bandwidth‐conserving method of recovering a long‐term proxy record of dive activity. However, using temperature to interpret TAT on a scale of approximate depths required the complex estimation of TAT histogram bin boundary depths in a dynamic oceanographic region. Here we evaluated the relative performance of four interpolation methods and a global reanalysis data assimilation model in estimating climatological isotherm depth surfaces within our study area. TAT‐derived approximate time‐at‐depth (TAD) distributions aligned closely with directly observed TAD distributions from a smaller sample of depth‐recording satellite tags deployed on separate individuals of each species. TAT‐derived approximate depth distributions were also consistent with various published accounts for this suite of species. Estimating dive ranges and time budgets are important components of (1) understanding habitat overlap between species, (2) evaluating the potential role of these predators in meso‐ and bathypelagic ecosystems, and (3) assessing vulnerability and exposure to anthropogenic impacts.
Predictors of quality of life among Chinese people with schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Xiao Qin , Petrini Marcia A. , Morisky Donald E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the association of quality of life, perceived stigma, and medication adherence among Chinese patients with schizophrenia, and to ascertain the predictors of quality of life. A cross‐sectional correlation study was conducted with 146 participants. All participants completed self‐report scales: the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale, Link's Stigma Scale, and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Pearson parametric correlations and stepwise multiple regressions were performed. The total quality of life score and psychosocial subscale was significantly positively correlated with perceived stigma, coping orientation of withdrawal, and feelings of stigma, and negatively correlated with age and medication adherence. The means of all subscale scores except perceived devaluation‐discrimination and different/guilty feelings were significantly higher than the midpoint of 2.5. The best predictors of quality of life and psychosocial domains were stigma‐related feelings: feeling misunderstood, feeling different/shame, and age. Our findings suggest that an individual's negative emotional response may strengthen internalized stigma and decrease quality of life. As the best predictor, age indicated that adaptation to mental illness may relieve perceived stigma and achieve favorable quality of life.
Global oral inequalities inHIVinfection
Authors: Challacombe SJ 
Published: April 2016

Analysis of the prevalence and incidence ofHIVinfection globally reveal striking variances with regard to continent, country, region and gender. Of the global total of 33 million people infected withHIV, approximately 65% are in sub‐Saharan African countries and 15% in South and South‐East Asia with the remaining 20% spread over the rest of the world. As a percentage of the population, the Caribbean at 1.1% is second only to sub‐Saharan Africa (5.5%). The majority of the world'sHIVis in women. Deaths fromHIVare twenty‐fold greater in Africa than in Europe or theUSA. Individual countries in sub‐Saharan Africa show huge variances in theHIV+ prevalence with most West African countries having a rate of less than 2% whilst southern African countries including Swaziland and Botswana have rates of around 25%. Environment, education and social habits all contribute to theHIVinfection rates. Similar variations between countries are seen inSEAsia with Cambodia and Papua New Guinea having rates three times greater than Pakistan. One of the most striking examples of inequality is in life years added toHIVpopulations as a result of antiretroviral therapy.UN AIDSfigures over 1996–2008 suggest an average of 2.88 added years in theUSAand Europe, but only 0.1 in sub‐Saharan Africa, a thirty‐fold difference largely due to accessibility toART.ARTleads to a reduction in oral lesions but it is estimated that some 10 millionHIV+ subjects do not have access to oral care. Thus, inequalities exist both forHIVinfectionand for the associated oral lesions, mainly related toARTaccess.HIVinfection and oral mucosal lesions both appear to be related to general social determinants of health. OralHCWmust be part of mainstream healthcare teams to address these inequalities.
HIV/AIDS in India: an overview of the Indian epidemic
Authors: Paranjape RS , Challacombe SJ 
Published: April 2016

The first cases of HIV infection in India were detected in 1986 among female sex workers in Chennai. A rapid increase followed in many states. The current national prevalence is about 0.26% compared with a global average of 0.2%, but the figure in most high‐risk groups including female sex workers is much higher (up to 7%). New HIV infections reached a peak in 1998 and have since declined by 60%, although the total number of HIV‐positive persons remains stable at 2.1 million, largely probably due to the increased life expectancy following antiretroviral therapy. The Indian epidemic is characterized by low levels in the general population and elevated concentrations among high‐risk groups. Transmission is mainly heterosexually driven, with differential burdens across the states. The four main drivers of HIV infection in India differ in order from those elsewhere in the world and are commercial sex work, general heterosexual intercourse, injecting drug use and unprotected anal sex between men who have sex with men. There are distinct differences from state to state in the prevalence of HIV, with some around the national norm of 0.21% but others with over 1% infected. India has embarked on a targeted HIV prevention strategy in recent years which is strongly associated with a fall in infection rate in both low‐ and high‐risk groups.
Overview and research agenda arising from the 7th World Workshop on Oral Health and Disease in AIDS
Authors: Tappuni AR , Shiboski C 
Published: April 2016

The Research Agenda generated by the 7th World Workshop on Oral Health and Disease in AIDS (WW7) is delivered in this paper. Panels of international experts presided over nine workshops that constituted the conference held in November 2014 in Hyderabad, India. The main goal of the Workshop was to bring together clinician and scientists interested in the subject to debate with world‐wide perspectives current issues related to the oral manifestations in HIV/AIDS. The workshops were structured around three themes; basic science, clinical/translational science and social science and were attended by 135 participants from 31 countries. The research questions debated at the workshops are presented in nine consensus papers published in this issue and are summarised in this paper along with an outline of the identified research needs in the field.
Anesthetic management of 877 pediatric patients undergoing muscle biopsy for neuromuscular disorders: a 20‐year review
Authors: Shapiro Frederic , Athiraman Umeshkumar , Clendenin David J. , Hoagland Monica , Sethna Navil F. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe objectives are to review the anesthetic management and anesthetic‐related adverse events in patients undergoing muscle biopsy for a broad spectrum of neuromuscular disorders (NMD).AimThe study aims to assess the hypothesis that perceived awareness of potential anesthesia‐induced hyperkalemia and MH in patients with NMD reduces the frequency of such events.MethodsA 20‐year retrospective review of 877 consecutive patients undergoing muscle biopsy to establish diagnoses of NMD has been performed. Patients were categorized prebiopsy into six groups: M (myopathy and muscular dystrophy), MM (mitochondrial or metabolic myopathy), N (neurodegenerative, peripheral neuropathy or spinal muscular atrophy disorder), D (dermatomyositis), C (cardiomyopathy), or S (seizure disorder). Data were collected for demographics, anesthetic management, pre‐ and postoperative anesthesia‐induced muscle injury, postbiopsy histopathologic diagnosis, and concordance comparisons between pre‐ and postbiopsy diagnoses.ResultsThere were 513 males (58.5%) and 364 females (41.5%) (1.4:1) with 137 individuals (15.6%) operated on under 1 year of age and two‐thirds by 6 years of age. NMD diagnosis was reached in 409 (46.6%) while 468 (53.4%) had no specific pathology. No patients exhibited signs of anesthesia‐induced muscle injury (malignant hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrest, or postoperative deterioration of weakness). MM was the largest group pre biopsy (367, 41.8%). Anesthetic agents were: nitrous oxide in 657 (74.9%); volatile agents in 139 (15.8%); intravenous agents in 836 (95.3%) (primarily propofol, midazolam, and fentanyl); nondepolarizing muscle relaxants in 404 (46.1%); and regional anesthesia in 112 (12.8%) [most commonly spinal anesthesia in 80 (71.4%)]. Comparing preoperative diagnostic category with postoperative diagnosis, there was a concordance of 78% (319/409) between the two for cases with a definitive diagnosis and 89.7% (787/877) for all cases.ConclusionsIn this retrospective study, no patient exhibited signs or symptoms of hyperkalemia or MH probably because the incidence is very low and becomes even less likely due to the selection of the various anesthetic agents and strategies administered.
Application of marker‐assisted backcross to introgress Bph3, Bph14 and Bph15 into an elite indica rice variety for improving its resistance to brown planthopper
Authors: Hu Wei , Xiao Hanxiang , Hu Kan , Jiang Yijun , Zhang Yang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTo improve brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål; BPH) resistance of an elite indica cultivar of South China, Hemeizhan (HMZ), we applied marker‐assisted backcross (MABC) to incorporate three BPH‐resistance genes (Bph3, Bph14 and Bph15) into the genetic background of HMZ. In the third backcross (BC3) generation, we obtained near‐isogenic lines (Bph3‐NIL, Bph14‐NIL, Bph15‐NIL and Bph14 + Bph15‐NIL) with more than 96% recovery of recurrent parent genome, and pyramided lines (Bph3 + Bph14‐PYL, Bph3 + Bph15‐PYL and Bph3 + Bph14 + Bph15‐PYL) with more than 89% recovery of recurrent parent genome. These lines showed stronger resistance against BPH than HMZ at seedling and booting stages. The rank of resistance gene effect was Bph3 + Bph14 + Bph15 ≥ Bph3 + Bph15 ≥ Bph3 +Bph14 ≥ Bph14 + Bph15 ≥ Bph3 ≥ Bph15 ≥ Bph14 > none. Compared with HMZ, only Bph3 + Bph14 + Bph15‐PYL had a significant difference in yield per plant, and the lines carrying Bph3 had higher amylose contents, indicating that Bph3 was tightly linked to Wxa allele. These improved lines are good intermediate sources of broad‐spectrum and durable BPH resistance to improve other indica cultivars. Our results demonstrate that MABC is a very efficient approach to improve BPH resistance of elite rice cultivar.