bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of clinical and genetic factors on the development of obesity in children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Łuczyński Włodzimierz , Głowińska‐Olszewska Barbara , Bossowski Artur 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe exact cause of the obesity epidemic remains unknown; however, both environmental and genetic factors are involved. People at risk of developing obesity include children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which in turn increases their cardiovascular disease risk. Here, we discuss the clinical and genetic factors influencing weight in patients with T1DM. In children with T1DM, the presence of obesity depends mainly on sex, metabolic control, and disease duration. However, genetic factors, including the fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) gene, are also associated with body weight. Indeed, children with the FTO gene rs9939609 obesity‐risk allele (homozygous = AA or heterozygous = AT) are predisposed to a higher body mass index and have a greater risk of being overweight or obese. However, in this review, we show that FTO gene polymorphisms only have a small effect on body weight in children, much weaker than the effect of clinical factors. The association between FTO gene polymorphisms and body weight is only statistically significant in children without severe obesity. Moreover, other genetic factors had no effect on weight in patients with T1DM, and further research involving larger populations is required to confirm the genetic basis of diabetes and obesity. Therefore, identifying the clinical features of children with T1DM, such as their initial body mass index, sex, metabolic control, and disease duration, will still have the strongest effect on reducing risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Physicians should pay close attention to modifiable elements of these relationships, for example, metabolic control and energy and insulin intake, when caring for patients with T1DM. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acyliridium(III) Complexes with PCN Terdentate Ligands Including Imino‐ or Iminium‐Acyl Moieties or Formation of Hydrido from Hydroxyl
Authors: Zumeta Itziar , Mendicute‐Fierro Claudio , Rodríguez‐Diéguez Antonio , Seco José M. , Garralda María A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract2‐Aminoalkylpyridines [H2N(CH2)nC5H4N] (n = 1 or 2) react with [IrHCl{(PPh2(o‐C6H4CO))2H}] (1a) in THF to afford hydridoirida‐β‐ketoimines [IrHCl{(PPh2(o‐C6H4CO))(PPh2(o‐C6H4CN(CH2)nC5H4N))H}] (2, n = 1; 3, n = 2) with intramolecular N‐H···O hydrogen bonding and a dangling pyridine. In protic media 2–3 transform into [IrH(PPh2(o‐C6H4CO))(PPh2(o‐C6H4C=N(CH2)nC5H4N))] (4, n = 1; 5, n = 2) containing new terdentate PCN ligands in a facial disposition with the phosphorus atom trans to H and an iminoacyl fragment trans to the other phosphorus atom. The formation of 4–5 requires breaking of the hydrogen bond, isomerization, and dehydrochlorination of an intermediate iminium‐acyl species to allow the coordination of the nitrogen atom of pyridine to iridium. The reaction of 1a with the N‐substituted N‐methylaminomethylpyridine allows the synthesis of [IrH(PPh2(o‐C6H4CO))(PPh2(o‐C6H4C=N(CH3)CH2C5H4N))]ClO4 (6) containing a PCN ligand with an iminium‐acyl moiety trans to phosphorus. The reaction of [IrH2{(PPh2(o‐C6H4CO))2H}] (1b) with 2‐(aminoalkyl)pyridines [H2N(CH2)nC5H4N] (n = 1 or 2) in MeOH requires the presence of KOH to afford the hydrido derivatives [IrH(PPh2(o‐C6H4CO))2(NH2(CH2)nC5H4N,κNH2)] (7, n = 1; 8, n = 2) were the ligands are amino‐coordinated with a dangling pyridine. The reaction occurs with hydrogen evolution and transfer of hydrogen from a hydroxyl in the solvent to iridium. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis was performed on 3, 4, 6, and 8.
Ring‐Opening of Carbamate‐Protected Aziridines and Azetidines in Liquid Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Lugiņina Jevgeņija , Uzuleņa Jevgeņija , Posevins Daniels , Turks Māris 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe reactions of halides or pseudohalides of group I and II metals with carbamate‐protected aziridines and azetidines in liquid sulfur dioxide as solvent resulted in the efficient ring‐opening of these heterocycles. Sulfur dioxide, as a highly polar solvent, solubilizes the inorganic salts and acts as a mild Lewis acid to accelerate the ring‐opening. For this reason, carbamate‐protected small heterocycles can be used instead of the corresponding sulfonamides, the activities of which are well‐established in ring‐opening reactions. Thiols also performed well in the SO2‐assisted ring‐opening of aziridines. This procedure occurred without racemization of the stereogenic centers.
Evaluation of 2D models for the prediction of surface depression storage using realistic reference values
Authors: Giménez R. , Mezkiritz I. , Campo M.A. , Álvarez‐Mozos J. , González‐Audicana M. , Martinez‐Agirre A. , Casalí J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDepression storage (DS) is the maximum storage of precipitation and runoff in the soil surface at a given slope. The DS is determined by soil roughness that in agricultural soils is largely affected by tillage. The direct measurement of DS is not straightforward because of the natural permeability of the soil. Therefore, DS has generally been estimated from 2D/3D empirical relationships and numerical algorithms based on roughness indexes and height measurements of the soil surface, respectively. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of some 2D models for DS, using direct and reliable measurements of DS in an agricultural soil as reference values. The study was carried out in experimental microplots where DS was measured in six situations resulting from the combination of three types of tillage carried out parallel and perpendicular to the main slope. Those data were used as reference to evaluate four empirical models and a numerical method. Longitudinal altitudinal profiles of the relief were obtained by a laser profilometer. Infiltration measurements were carried out before and after tillage. The DS was largely affected by tillage and its direction. Highest values of DS are found on rougher surfaces mainly when macroforms cut off the dominant slope. The empirical models had a limited performance while the numerical method was the most effective, even so, with an important variability. In addition, a correct hydrological management should take into account that each type of soil tillage affects infiltration rate differently. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized controlled exploratory study comparing the usefulness of two types of metallic stents with different axial forces for the management of duodenal obstruction caused by pancreatobiliary cancer
Authors: Okuwaki Kosuke , Kida Mitsuhiro , Yamauchi Hiroshi , Imaizumi Hiroshi , Miyawaza Shiro , Iwai Tomohisa , Masutani Hironori , Matsumoto Takaaki , Hasegawa Rikiya , Koizumi Wasaburo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundVery few studies have examined effectiveness of duodenal stent placement (DSP) for duodenal obstruction (DO) caused specifically by pancreatobiliary cancer. We compared two types of stents with different axial forces (AF) for DO with pancreatobiliary cancer.MethodsThe patients were randomly assigned to two stent groups with different AF (high AF stent, WallFlex™: W‐group or low AF stent, Niti‐S™: N‐group). The primary endpoint was improvement in the Gastric Outlet Obstruction Scoring System (GOOSS) score. This study was registered at UMIN000009061.ResultsThe GOOSS scores significantly improved in both W‐group (0.9 before vs. 2.7 after; P = 0.002) and N‐group (1.0 before vs. 2.5 after; P = 0.001). The change in the GOOSS score after DSP did not differ significantly between the groups (P = 0.482). The median time to recurrent DO (RDO) was significantly shorter in W‐group than in N‐group (89 days vs. 421 days; P = 0.025). The incidence of RDO was significantly higher in W‐group than in N‐group (64% vs. 24%; P = 0.027). Stent kinking occurred only in W‐group.ConclusionsThe GOOSS scores significantly improved after DSP, but effectiveness did not differ significantly between groups. The use of stents with high AF was related to short‐term stent patency, but did not influence survival time.
Liver metastases from gastric cancer represent systemic disease in comparison with those from colorectal cancer
Authors: Oguro Seiji , Imamura Hiroshi , Yoshimoto Jiro , Ishizaki Yoichi , Kawasaki Seiji 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this retrospective study was to clarify the difference in behavior and outcome after initial hepatectomy between gastric cancer liver metastases (GCLM) and colorectal cancer liver metastases (CCLM).MethodsData for patients undergoing curative hepatectomy for liver‐only metastases from colorectal cancer (n = 193) and gastric cancer (n = 26) performed at single institution with the same criteria regarding the status of liver metastases were reviewed. Post‐hepatectomy recurrence pattern, re‐resection for recurrence, and three different endpoints were evaluated.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the GCLM and the CCLM in the incidence of recurrence (69% vs. 63%, P = 0.553) and recurrence‐free survival (median, 15.2 months vs. 16.5 months, P = 0.230) following initial hepatectomy for liver metastases. However, the GCLM had a higher frequency of systemic unresectable recurrences than the CCLM. Time to surgical failure (median, 15.2 months vs. 39.7 months, P = 0.006) and overall survival (median, 20.1 months vs. 66.2 months, P < 0.001) were significantly shorter in the GCLM than in the CCLM.ConclusionsGCLM shows more systemic and aggressive oncological behavior than CCLM after curative hepatectomy even when metastases are confined only to the liver at the time of initial hepatectomy.
Abnormalities in centrosome number in human embryos and embryonic stem cells
Authors: Gu Yi‐Fan , OuYang Qi , Dai Can , Lu Chang‐Fu , Lin Ge , Gong Fei , Lu Guang‐Xiu 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYChromosomal abnormalities are common in human embryos. Previous studies have suggested links between centrosome number and chromosome abnormalities, but information regarding abnormalities in centrosome number in human embryos is limited. We analyzed abnormalities in centrosome number in human embryos and embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Following normal fertilization, supernumerary centrosomes were present at rates of 7.3% in two‐pronucleus (2PN)‐stage zygotes and 6.5% in first‐cleavage zygotes. Supernumerary centrosomes were also detected in 24.4% of blastomeres from 60% of embryos derived from 2PN zygotes. Conversely, in mono‐ (1PN) and tri‐pronucleus (3PN) zygotes, the frequency of abnormal centrosome number increased substantially at first cleavage. Rates in blastomeres of Day‐3 embryos, however, were about the same between embryos derived from 1PN and 2PN zygotes, whereas abnormalities in centrosome number were higher in those from 3PN zygotes. By comparison, the rate of abnormal centrosome numbers in hESCs was 1.5–11.2%. Thus, abnormalities in centrosome number existed in human zygotes and cleaved embryos—especially those resulting from aberrant fertilization—but the frequency of such abnormalities was lower in hESCs derived from these embryos. These findings identify a source of the chromosomal instability in human embryos and hESCs, and highlight new safety issues for human assisted reproductive technology. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 392–404, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deguelin‐induced blockade of PI3K/protein kinase B/MAP kinase signaling in zebrafish and breast cancer cell lines is mediated by down‐regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 activity
Authors: Wu Wei , Hai Yang , Chen Lu , Liu Rui‐Jin , Han Yu‐Xiang , Li Wen‐Hao , Li Song , Lin Shuo , Wu Xin‐Rong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDeguelin, a natural component derived from leguminous plants, has been used as pesticide in some regions. Accumulating evidence show that deguelin has promising chemopreventive and therapeutic activities against cancer cells. This study shows that low concentrations of deguelin can lead to significant delay in zebrafish embryonic development through growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, we identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) as the putative target of deguelin. The candidate was initially identified by a microarray approach and then validated through in vitro experiments using hormone‐responsive (MCF‐7) and nonresponsive (MDA‐MB‐231) human breast cancer cell lines. The results show that deguelin suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in both cancer cell lines, but not in Hs 578Bst cells, by blocking PI3K/AKT and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling. The FGFR4 mRNA and protein level also diminished in a dose‐dependent manner. Interestingly, we found that forced FGFR4 overexpression attenuated deguelin‐induced proliferative suppression and apoptotic cell death in both zebrafish and MCF‐7 cell lines, p‐AKT and p‐ERK levels were restored upon FGFR4 overexpression. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that deguelin inhibition of PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling in zebrafish and breast cancer cell lines is partially mediated through down‐regulation of FGFR4 activity.
Comparative effects of immediate‐release and extended‐release aspirin on basal and bradykinin‐stimulated excretion of thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites
Authors: Gamboa Jorge L. , Devin Jessica K. , Ramirez Claudia E. , Yu Chang , Nian Hui , Lee Rhonda H. , Brown Nancy J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA goal of aspirin therapy is to inhibit thromboxane production and platelet aggregation without inhibiting endothelial production of the vasodilator and anti‐thrombotic prostacyclin. This study tested the hypothesis that extended‐release aspirin (NHP‐554C) would have increased selectivity for inhibition of basal and simulated thromboxane formation compared to immediate‐release aspirin (ASA). Thirty‐six healthy subjects were randomized to NHP‐554C or ASA groups. Within each group, subjects were randomized to 5‐day treatment with 81 mg/d, 162.5 mg/d and placebo in a crossover design in which treatment periods were separated by 2‐week washout. On the fifth day of treatment, 81 mg/d and 162.5 mg/d ASA reduced basal urinary excretion of the stable thromboxane metabolite 11‐dehydro‐thromboxane B2 62.3% and 66.2% and basal excretion of the stable prostacyclin metabolite 2,3‐dinor‐6‐keto‐PGF1α 22.8% and 26.5%, respectively, compared to placebo. NHP‐554C 81 mg/d and 162.5 mg/d reduced 11‐dehydro‐thromboxane B2 53% (P = 0.03 vs. ASA 81 mg/d) and 67.9% and 2,3‐dinor‐6‐keto‐PGF1α 13.4% and 18.5%, respectively. NHP‐554C 81 mg/d did not significantly reduce basal excretion of the prostacyclin metabolite. Both doses of ASA and NHP significantly reduced excretion of both thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites following intravenous bradykinin. During NHP‐554C 162.5 mg/d, but not during ASA, bradykinin significantly increased urinary 2,3‐dinor‐6‐keto‐PGF1α. Nevertheless, 11‐dehydro‐thromboxane B2 and 2,3‐dinor‐6‐keto‐PGF1α responses to bradykinin were statistically similar during ASA and NHP‐554C. In conclusion, at doses of 81 and 162.5 mg/d immediate‐ and extended‐release aspirin selectively decrease basal thromboxane production. Both forms of aspirin decrease bradykinin‐stimulated thromboxane and prostacyclin production, but some stimulated prostacyclin production remains during treatment with NHP‐554C.
4-Aminopyridine Induced Activity Rescues Hypoexcitable Motor Neurons from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Naujock Maximilian , Stanslowsky Nancy , Bufler Sebastian , Naumann Marcel , Reinhardt Peter , Sterneckert Jared , Kefalakes Ekaterini , Kassebaum Carola , Bursch Franziska , Lojewski Xenia , Storch Alexander , Frickenhaus Marie , Boeckers Tobias M. , Putz Stefan , Demestre Maria , Liebau Stefan , Klingenstein Moritz , Ludolph Albert C. , Dengler Reinhard , Kim Kwang-Soo , Hermann Andreas , Wegner Florian , Petri Susanne 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Despite decades of research on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), there is only one approved drug, which minimally extends patient survival. Here, we investigated pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ALS using motor neurons (MNs) differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from ALS patients carrying mutations in FUS or SOD1. Patient-derived MNs were less active and excitable compared to healthy controls, due to reduced Na+/K+ ratios in both ALS groups accompanied by elevated potassium channel (FUS) and attenuated sodium channel expression levels (FUS, SOD1). ALS iPSC-derived MNs showed elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) levels and increased caspase activation. Treatment with the FDA approved drug 4-Aminopyridine (4AP) restored ion-channel imbalances, increased neuronal activity levels and decreased ER stress and caspase activation. This study provides novel pathophysiological data, including a mechanistic explanation for the observed hypoexcitability in patient-derived MNs and a new therapeutic strategy to provide neuroprotection in MNs affected by ALS.
Superficial CD34‐positive fibroblastic tumor: A new case from Japan
Authors: Wada Naoko , Ito Takamichi , Uchi Hiroshi , Nakahara Takeshi , Tsuji Gaku , Yamada Yuichi , Oda Yoshinao , Furue Masutaka 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA 48‐year‐old Japanese woman presented with a painless, slow‐growing, brown nodule of 15 mm in diameter on the left thigh. She noticed the nodule a few years before the first presentation to our hospital. She underwent total resection of the nodule. On histopathological examination, a relatively well‐defined tumor with infiltrative growth was located in the dermis and extended into the subcutis. The tumor was composed of spindle to polygonal cells with pleomorphic nuclei arranged in a sheet‐like or fascicular pattern. Tumor cells with granular cytoplasm were also scattered. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the tumor cells were strongly positive for CD34. The fusion transcripts of the collagen type 1 alpha 1 platelet‐derived growth factor beta chain were not detected. After excluding other fibroblastic tumors through histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, a diagnosis of superficial CD34‐positive fibroblastic tumor (SCPFT) was made. SCPFT is a recently proposed fibroblastic tumor that is characterized by striking pleomorphism, granular cytoplasm, low mitotic rate and diffuse CD34 expression. Only two reports with 20 cases have been reported so far. The present case is the first that corresponds to SCPFT in Japan.
Time trends in alcohol intake in early pregnancy and official recommendations in Denmark, 1998–2013
Authors: Kesmodel Ulrik S. , Petersen Gitte L. , Henriksen Tine B. , Strandberg‐Larsen Katrine 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionIn 1999, Danish health authorities modified their recommendation to pregnant women, condoning some alcohol intake. In 2007, the recommendation was changed to one of alcohol abstention. We aimed to assess changes in average alcohol intake (drinks/week) and alcohol binge drinking in early pregnancy from 1998 to 2013 in relation to the changes in official recommendations in 1999 (condoning some intake) and 2007 (abstention).Material and methodsAll Danish‐speaking pregnant women attending routine antenatal care at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, between September 1998 and June 2013 were invited to participate. During the study period, 68 395 pregnant women filled in a self‐administered questionnaire at gestational week 11 (median). From 1998, questions on binge drinking included data on the number of binge episodes (≥5 drinks on a single occasion), and the timing (gestational week) of these episodes. Additional questions on binge drinking defined as ≥3 drinks on a single occasion were asked separately from 2000. A question assessed the average number of alcohol‐containing drinks per week the woman consumed currently at the time of filling in the questionnaire.ResultsFrom 1998 to 2013 the proportion of women reporting no alcohol intake increased from 31.2 to 83.3% (p < 0.001), the main decline occurring between 1998 and 2007. The proportion of binge drinkers decreased (p < 0.001) but remained more stable across the period.ConclusionsThe decline in the proportion of pregnant women consuming alcohol occurred independently of official recommendations. Increasing national and international awareness may partly explain the changes.
Incidence of apparent life‐threatening events and post‐neonatal risk factors
Authors: Monti Maria Cristina , Borrelli Paola , Nosetti Luana , Tajè Silvia , Perotti Milena , Bonarrigo Domenico , Stramba Badiale Marco , Montomoli Cristina 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimEven though a standard clinical definition for an apparent life‐threatening event (ALTE) was established more than two decades ago, the specific International Classification of Disease (ICD) code was firstly included only in 2012. This study estimated the incidence of ALTEs in Northern Italy, together with features and risk factors.MethodsWe used the Lombardy Region Hospital Discharge Records (HDR) database to estimate the cumulative incidence for ALTE during 2002–2006 and drew up a risk profile by comparing cases with and without ALTE who were followed in infancy.ResultsThere were 246 infants registered in the HDR with ALTE putative diagnostic codes, suggesting a cumulative incidence of 4.1 per 1000 live births in the study area. Of the 148 cases with clinical co‐morbidities, 31% had gastroesophageal reflux and 7% had acute respiratory infections. We analysed follow‐up data from 15 ALTE cases and 1619 healthy infants and found that the significant risk factors were gastroesophageal reflux and a family history of sudden death.ConclusionWe established the regional incidence of ALTE and found risk factors in infants considered healthy in the first week of life and without pathological perinatal conditions. The systematic use of the specific ALTE ICD code (R68.13, ICD‐10‐CM) and common knowledge about ALTE diagnostic guidelines are clearly needed.
Efficacy and safety of prophylactic levetiracetam in supratentorial brain tumour surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pourzitaki Chryssa , Tsaousi Georgia , Apostolidou Eirini , Karakoulas Konstantinos , Kouvelas Dimitrios , Amaniti Ekaterini 
Published: March 2016

AimsThe aim of this study was to perform an up‐to‐date systematic review and meta‐analysis on the efficacy and safety of prophylactic administration of levetiracetam in brain tumour patients.MethodA systematic review of studies published until April 2015 was conducted using Scopus/Elsevier, EMBASE and MEDLINE. The search was limited to articles reporting results from adult patients, suffering from brain tumour, undergoing supratentorial craniotomy for tumour resection or biopsy and administered levetiracetam in the perioperative period for seizure prophylaxis. Outcomes included the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam, as well as the tolerability of the specific regimen, defined by the discontinuation of the treatment due to side effects.ResultsThe systematic review included 1148 patients from 12 studies comparing levetiracetam with no treatment, phenytoin and valproate, while only 243 patients from three studies, comparing levetiracetam vs phenytoin efficacy and safety, were included in the meta‐analysis. The combined results from the meta‐analysis showed that levetiracetam administration was followed by significantly fewer seizures than treatment with phenytoin (OR = 0.12 [0.03–0.42]: χ2 = 1.76: I2 = 0%). Analysis also showed significantly fewer side effects in patients receiving levetiracetam, compared to other groups (P < 0.05). The combined results showed fewer side effects in the levetiracetam group compared to the phenytoin group (OR = 0.65 [0.14–2.99]: χ2 = 8.79: I2 = 77%).ConclusionsThe efficacy of prophylaxis with levetiracetam seems to be superior to that with phenytoin and valproate administration. Moreover, levetiracetam use demonstrates fewer side effects in brain tumour patients. Nevertheless, high risk of bias and moderate methodological quality must be taken into account when considering these results.