bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A map of Pleistocene aeolian deposits in Western Europe, with special emphasis on France
Authors: Bertran Pascal , Liard Morgane , Sitzia Luca , Tissoux Hélène 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe Land Use and Cover Area frame Statistical survey (LUCAS) database on topsoil properties in Europe was used to map aeolian deposits. The points which satisfy the grain‐size criteria of coversands, loess and transitional facies were extracted from the rasters of predicted soil texture established by kriging of the LUCAS data by Ballabio et al. (). A comparison with already available maps, derived from a conventional field approach, shows a good fit in most of the tested areas. The new map, however, suggests a greater extension of loess, which seems related to the inclusion of thin loess covers, usually omitted by conventional mapping, and the presence of previously unmapped areas due to lack of survey or misinterpretation. The main source of aeolian particles corresponds to glacio‐fluvial sediments at the margin of the Scandinavian and Alpine ice sheets. Coversands and loess form a broad band across northern Europe, and in the Rhône, Rhine and Danube valleys. Large areas on the outskirts of these deposits also received a significant loess contribution, which has been reworked in slope deposits. Conversely, southern Europe is characterized by much less loess accumulation. The Atlantic coast has transgressive dune fields that penetrate inland to varying degrees.
Sedimentary response of lake El Tobar, Spain, to climate: lake level changes after the Maunder Minimum
Authors: López‐Blanco Charo , Andrews Julian , Dennis Paul , Miracle María Rosa , Vicente Eduardo 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTLake level reconstructions from a littoral core in lake El Tobar, Spain, are presented for the last 350 years. These are based on plant macrofossils and stable isotopes from lacustrine carbonates. Our data suggest five episodes of advance and regression of the shoreline coupled with changes in water retention in the lake. A low lake level and high water renewal episode at ca. AD 1650–1715 is indicated by oxidized facies with abundant remains from terrestrial/marsh plant macrofossils and low δ18O and δ13C values. A fluctuating lake level episode at ca. AD 1715–1772 during changing climatic conditions in the Little Ice Age (LIA) caused periods of erosion and sediment deposition that intermittently blocked the lake outlet, resulting in more positive δ18O and δ13C values. The lake became progressively more closed with increased level in the wet years at the end of the LIA (ca. AD 1772–1850). During the Dalton Minimum, δ13C values reached a minimum, indicating low productivity, but increased after this with development of submerged Chara. From ca. AD 1850 to 1960 lake levels were high but are marked by changes in marsh communities, mainly the shift from Juncus to Typha (ca. AD 1850–1960) predominance, which indicates low and high levels, respectively.
Optically stimulated luminescence ages for human occupation during the penultimate glaciation in the western Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Nian Xiaomei , Li Feng , Chen Fuyou , Zhang Weiguo , Zhao Yuchao , Zhou Jing , Gao Xing 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe chronology of few Palaeolithic sites in the Loess Plateau of China has been well investigated for the Middle Pleistocene. In this study, the Yangshang Palaeolithic site with significant archaeological remains, located in Gansu Province of the western Chinese Loess Plateau, was dated using blue‐stimulated optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) techniques on eight medium‐grained (45–63 µm) quartz and polymineral samples through the Palaeolithic sequence. Except for one sample from the upper cultural layer (55 ± 3 ka), age estimates obtained by quartz OSL dating exceed its upper datable limit, and so an elevated temperature post‐IR IRSL SAR protocol was used on 45–63 μm polymineral grains to derive a numerical chronology for the site. The luminescence ages of seven samples from six cultural layers lie between 104 ± 5 and 220 ± 11 ka; for the three main cultural layers the results varied from 149 ± 9 to 186 ± 10 ka, consistent with the presently observed stratigraphy. The dating results shown that early hominins may have occupied this region in the western Loess Plateau of China during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7, early glacial MIS 6 and early interglacial MIS 5, reflecting their ability to adapt to variable environments.
Reconstructing a millennial‐scale record of flooding in a single valley setting: the 2011 flood‐affected Lockyer Valley, south‐east Queensland, Australia
Authors: Croke Jacky , Thompson Christopher , Denham Robert , Haines Heather , Sharma Ashneel , Pietsch Timothy 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper reconstructs past flooding from a range of settings in Lockyer Creek, a key tributary of the mid‐Brisbane River, which experienced extreme flood events in AD 2011 and AD 2013. Optically stimulated luminescence samples (n = 110) were collected from alluvial material preserved in within‐channel benches and floodplains. Age distributions from material in the bedrock reaches confirm an event ∼ 300 years ago which stripped the valley alluvium to bedrock. In the unconfined reaches floodplain deposits indicate lateral stability over the past 6000 years. Marked differences in the inundation patterns of the AD 2011 event highlighted changes in downstream channel geometry. The age distribution of alluvium in reaches not inundated during AD 2011 was older, ∼12 000 years, with no preserved evidence of deposition during the past 1000 years. A relatively continuous record of floodplain deposition in reaches which were inundated in AD 2011 identifies a major peak in flood activity also around 300 years ago (∼AD 1730) with five additional peaks occurring at approximately AD 1962, AD 1897, AD 1300, AD 550 and 5400 BC. The main climatic driver of changes in flooding over this timescale is oscillations in El Niño Southern Oscillation and although proxy records are scarce for this region, some correlations with high‐resolution records of rainfall variability are apparent.
Production of oridonin‐rich extracts from Rabdosia rubescens using hyphenated ultrasound‐assisted supercritical carbon dioxide extraction
Authors: Yang Yu‐Chiao , Lin Pei‐Hui , Wei Ming‐Chi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmong active components in Rabdosia rubescens, oridonin has been considered a key component and the most valuable compound because it has a wide range of activities beneficial to human health. To produce a high‐quality oridonin extract, an alternative hyphenated procedure involving an ultrasound‐assisted and supercritical carbon dioxide (HSC‐CO2) extraction method to extract oridonin from R. rubescens was developed in this study. Fictitious solubilities of oridonin in supercritical CO2 (SC‐CO2) with ultrasound assistance were measured by using the dynamic method at temperatures ranging from 305.15 K to 342.15 K over a pressure range of 11.5 to 33.5 MPa.RESULTSFictitious solubilities of oridonin at different temperatures and pressures were over the range of 2.13 × 10−6 to 10.09 × 10−6 (mole fraction) and correlated well with the density‐based models, including the Bartle model, the Chrastil model, the Kumar and Johnston model and the Mendez‐Santiago and Teja model, with overall average absolute relative deviations (AARDs) of 6.29%, 4.39%, 3.12% and 5.07%, respectively.CONCLUSIONOridonin exhibits retrograde solubility behaviour in the supercritical state. Fictitious solubility data were further determined and obtained a good fit with four semi‐empirical models. Simultaneously, the values of the total heat of solution, vaporisation and solvation of oridonin were estimated. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Atmospheric Chemistry of α‐Diketones: Kinetics of C5and C6Compounds with Cl Atoms and OH Radicals
Authors: Bouzidi H. , Djehiche M. , Coddeville P. , Fittschen C. , Tomas A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTCarbonyls play an important role in atmospheric chemistry due to their formation in the photooxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds and their high atmospheric reactivity. The Cl‐initiated kinetics of two α‐diketones (2,3‐pentanedione (PTD) and 2,3‐hexanedione (HEX)) have been determined as well as the OH + HEX rate constant using atmospheric simulation chamber experiments and the relative rate method. Up to three different reference compounds were used to assess robust results. The following rate constants (in cm3molecule−1s−1) have been obtained at 298 K:k(Cl + PTD) = (1.6 ± 0.2) × 10−11,k(Cl + HEX) = (8.8 ± 0.4) × 10−11, andk(OH + HEX) = (3.6 ± 0.7) × 10−12with a global uncertainty of 30%. The present determinations of Cl‐ and OH‐ reaction rate constants for HEX constitute first measurements. Using the present measurements, a recently improved structure–activity relationship for Cl + ketone reactions has been updated by introducing anF(–COCO–) factor of 8.33 × 10−4. Atmospheric lifetime calculations indicate that chlorine‐initiated oxidation may be a significant α‐diketone sink in the marine‐boundary layer or in places where high Cl concentrations may be found.
Deformable broadband metamaterial absorbers engineered with an analytical spatial Kramers‐Kronig permittivity profile
Authors: Jiang Wei , Ma Yungui , Yuan Jun , Yin Ge , Wu Wenhui , He Sailing 
Published: December 2016

AbstractElectromagnetic (EM) materials with perfect absorption have long been investigated for their important applications in many practical technologies. The trial‐and‐error method has been mostly employed to achieve this target, either by varying the constituent compositions for traditional natural material absorbers or by running computer simulations for general metamaterial (MM) absorbers. In this work, the authors propose a new method with analytical guidance to build omnidirectional perfect absorbers inspired by the recently proposed spatial Kramers‐Kronig (KK) nonreflecting dielectric profile. The subtle combination of the spatial and time dispersions in the metamaterial‐engineered KK profile gives the desired broadband response property. More importantly, these features remain invariant when the sample is uniformly compressed or stretched with large thickness change, i.e., this particular broadband absorber is deformable, which has been firstly reported in the literature. The current results will pave a new way to design high‐efficiency EM absorbers that could also be extended in general to manipulate waves for other fields or applications.
image
Effect of calcitonin on cultured schwann cells
Authors: Yan Ji‐Geng , Zhang Lin‐Ling , Agresti Michael A. , Shen Fengyi , Matloub Hani S. , Yan Yuhui , Li Jifeng , Gu Yu‐Dong , Logiudice John A. , Havlik Robert 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: After nerve injury, calcium concentrations in intranerve fibers quickly increase. We have shown that functional recovery of injured nerves correlates with calcium absorption. A slight increase in calcium reduces the number of Schwann cells present. Calcitonin therapy greatly improves regeneration by accelerating calcium absorption. We examined the effect of adding calcitonin to higher concentration calcium media on cultured Schwann cells. Methods: The cells, isolated from intact sciatic nerves, were cultured with normal or higher concentration calcium media with or without calcitonin. Schwann cells were incubated with anti–S‐100, goat–anti‐mouse, and propidium iodide and then viewed through fluorescent light and phase‐contrast microscopy for observation and analysis. Results: The cells in each calcitonin‐containing medium showed many Schwann cells, however, the cells in the higher concentration calcium media showed fewer and more defective Schwann cells. Conclusion: These results show that calcitonin protects against the harmful effects of excessive calcium encountered in peripheral nerve injury. Muscle Nerve 56: 768–772, 2017
A multiscale modeling of permeability in a multi‐porosity porous medium using smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Xu Wentao , Fish Jacob 
Published: December 2016

SummaryAn upscaling approach for multi‐porosity media is developed and demonstrated on a three‐scale porous medium. The three‐scale porous medium problem is analyzed using the so‐called MultiSPH approach, which is a sequential smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) solver at multiple scales. By this approach, upscaling introduces drag forces on the SPH particles at coarser scales. The resulting permeabilities obtained by the MultiSPH approach are validated against available analytical solutions for simple microstructures. For complex microstructures, the MultiSPH approach is validated against detailed single‐scale SPH simulations and experimental data. Sensitivities of fluid–structure interaction on the permeability is investigated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Insights into Mesolithic Human Diet in the Mediterranean from Stable Isotope Analysis: The Sites of Campu Stefanu and Torre d'Aquila, Corsica
Authors: Goude G. , Willmes M. , Wood R. , Courtaud P. , Leandri F. , Cesari J. , Grün R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMesolithic human remains are rare in the archaeological record of the French Mediterranean. Only the island of Corsica has so far produced relatively well‐preserved burials, and recent archaeological excavations have brought to light new Mesolithic human remains. The site of Campu Stefanu, located in Sollacaro in the southeast of the island, contained a collective burial of seven to eight individuals in a previously unobserved funerary context. A re‐evaluation of collections in regional museums yielded the remains from another Mesolithic individual from the site of Torre d'Aquila, excavated at Pietracorbara, in the northern part of the island, at the beginning of the 1990s. These two discoveries presented the rare opportunity to obtain new radiocarbon dates and paleodietary insights from this crucial time period using stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N) on collagen. From Campu Stefanu, one individual had sufficient collagen preserved for radiocarbon dating, revealing that it is the oldest Mesolithic human known on the island, dated to 10216–9920 cal. BP. At Torre d'Aquila, radiocarbon dates indicate that the individual belonged to a younger Mesolithic phase than Campu Stefanu, dated to 9903–9596 cal. BP. δ13C and δ15N isotope ratios are similar between the Campu Stefanu and Torre d'Aquila individuals and indicate a diet dominated by the consumption of terrestrial animal protein and a lack of marine resources. These findings are in contrast with the previous results from two other Mesolithic individuals from Corsica from the sites of Araguina Sennola and Monte Leone, for which about 25–30% of the consumed proteins came from a marine diet. The dietary variability recorded in Corsica is consistent with results obtained from Mesolithic human remains of Sicily and the Iberian Peninsula. We can hypothesise, that despite the nomadic lifestyle, the distance to the sea played a major role in Mesolithic food choices in Corsica. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Termination of pregnancy due to renal tract abnormalities: survey of 97 fetuses from a single medical center
Authors: Melcer Yaakov , Kaplan Gaby , Ben‐Ami Ido , Bahat Hilla , Neheman Amos , Galoyan Narine , Maymon Ron 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe article aimed to assess the spectrum of fetal renal tract abnormalities as a major finding leading to termination of pregnancy (TOP).MethodThe study population included all pregnant women with singleton pregnancy who underwent TOP in our institute because of fetal renal tract indications between 1998 and 2015. We specifically excluded TOPs performed because of multiple pregnancies, multisystem defects, abnormal karyotype and chromosomal or genetic defect not related to renal tract abnormalities. The patients were stratified into late TOP (≥24 weeks' gestation) and early TOP (<24 weeks' gestation).ResultsThere were 97 (3.5%) cases of TOP because of fetal renal abnormalities and are the subjects of this study. Of these cases, 19 (19.6%) were at ≥24 weeks' gestation. Renal cystic disease was the leading indication for late TOP compared with early TOP group (31.8% vs 21.8%, respectively, p = 0.001). Routine prenatal care raised suspicion of abnormalities in 11 (50.9%) cases, and diagnosis was established by additional tests. Abnormal findings were either missed in one (5.3%) case or developed later in two (10.5%) cases. No routine prenatal screening was performed in the remaining five (26.3%) cases.ConclusionsWe found a different distribution for fetal renal tract abnormalities leading to late versus early TOP. As many of renal tract malformations could have been diagnosed earlier (~32%), timely scanning may reduce the need for late TOPs in some cases. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness and Safety of Tigecycline Compared with Other Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobials in Abdominal Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with Polymicrobial Intraabdominal Infections
Authors: Liebenstein Tyler , Schulz Lucas T , Viesselmann Chris , Bingen Emma , Musuuza Jackson , Safdar Nasia , Rose Warren E. 
Published: December 2016

Study ObjectiveBecause patients with abdominal solid organ transplants (SOTs) are at increased risk of polymicrobial intraabdominal infections (IAIs) following transplantation, the objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and adverse event profile of tigecycline with those of other broad‐spectrum therapies for polymicrobial IAIs in this population.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingLarge academic medical center with multiple outpatient clinics.PatientsA total of 81 adult SOT recipients were included who were treated for confirmed or suspected polymicrobial IAIs from 2007–2012. Of these patients, 27 received tigecycline and 54 received comparator therapy with a broad‐spectrum β‐lactam (e.g., piperacillin‐tazobactam, cefepime, or meropenem) with or without glycopeptide or lipopeptide gram‐positive therapy (vancomycin or daptomycin) (comparator group). Patients in the comparator group were matched to tigecycline‐treated patients based on transplant type (kidney, combined kidney‐pancreas, combined kidney‐liver, or solitary pancreas) in a 1:2 ratio (tigecycline‐to‐other broad‐spectrum antibiotics).Measurements and Main ResultsData on patient demographics, comorbidities, and clinical variables were collected and compared by using bivariate analyses. Clinical outcomes—clinical cure, improvement or failure, and disease recurrence—as well as death within 1 year were analyzed by bivariate analyses and logistic regression. Clinical cure was lower in the tigecycline group versus the comparator group (40.7% vs 72.2%, p=0.008), but cure combined with improvement was similar between the two groups (85.2% vs 88.9%, p=0.724). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that treatment with comparator antibiotics increased the odds of cure (odds ratio [OR] 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15–12.27) and reduced the odds of treatment failure (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.07–4.55) and death within 1 year (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.22–2.86); however, patients receiving comparator antibiotics were more likely to have disease recurrence (OR 1.45, 95% CI 0.33–6.36). Patients receiving tigecycline experienced a higher rate of adverse events than those receiving comparator antibiotics (29.6% vs 9.3%, p=0.026).ConclusionPatients receiving tigecycline were less likely to achieve optimal clinical outcomes and had more adverse events. Alternative regimens should be selected over tigecycline for the treatment of polymicrobial IAIs in abdominal SOT recipients until additional studies are completed to examine its role in this population.
Is Regional Income Inequality Associated With the Individual Health of Older Adults? Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Kim Jin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis research examined the association between regional income inequality and the individual health of older adults. Individuals ages 50 and older were drawn from the 1996 to 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study to estimate panel data regression models to assess the respective impacts of household income ratios of the 90th to 10th percentiles as well as the 50th to 10th percentiles on the number of doctor‐diagnosed health conditions, controlling for regional fixed effects, time fixed effects, and individual characteristics. The findings revealed that in regions with greater 50/10 income ratios, older adults experience fewer doctor‐diagnosed health conditions. Namely, a one‐unit increase in the 50/10 income ratio was significantly associated with a 9.1 percent decrease in the number of doctor‐diagnosed health conditions. The research also revealed that in regions with greater within‐group income inequality, that is, inequality as measured within the same marital status reference group, older adults still experience fewer health conditions. Thus, in light of prior studies on the topic that either support the connection between greater income inequality and worse individual health or oppose this connection altogether, the findings suggest that greater income inequality at the regional level may be linked with better individual health.
Comparison of Commercially Available and Synthesized Titania Nano‐Additives in Composite HTPB/AP Propellant
Authors: Demko Andrew R. , Allen Tyler W. , Thomas James C. , Johnson Mitch , Morrow Gordon R. , Reid David L. , Seal Sudipta , Petersen Eric L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study presents a comparison of commercially available titania nano‐particles produced using electric wire explosion with nano‐particles manufactured by the authors using a sol‐gel synthesis process. For the present study, 20‐nm titania was purchased off‐the‐shelf. It was determined to be rough spheres of 20 nm forming large, micron‐sized agglomerates, whereas particles synthesized using the sol‐gel process were found to be fundamentally 10 nm but with sub‐micron agglomerations thereof. The nano‐titania was added to 80% AP monomodal propellants at 0.3% and 1.0% by mass. Additional, 85% bimodal‐AP mixtures were made, comparing commercial titania to the laboratory‐synthesized particles at 1.0% by mass. Another set of samples compared a method of pre‐mixing the synthesized additives directly into the binder material at 0.3% by mass of laboratory titania; two additional pre‐mixed titania batches at 0.5% by mass were doped with either Fe or Cu into the nanocrystals. All propellants were tested up to 13.8 MPa at 3.8 MPa increments. Dry powder laboratory additives show a 60‐to‐100% increase in burning rate over the baseline samples with no catalyst and a 20‐to‐30% increase over the commercial nano‐particles. Pre‐mixed additives were found to produce similar burning rate increases but with lower concentrations required. This latest generation of particle synthesis techniques was further demonstrated in this study to have great potential for future propellant catalyst development.
Röntgenspektrometrische Bestimmung von Tantal und Niob und einiger Begleitelemente in tantalniobhaltigen Stoffen
Authors: Rothmann Hans , Schneider Helga , Niebuhr Johannes , Pothmann Curt 
Published: December 2016

Analyse tantalniobhaltiger Stoffe unter Verwendung von Lösungen. Bestimmung von Tantal und Niob in Erzen, Schlacken und Legierungen nach chemischer Isolierung der Erdsäuren. Bestimmung von Tantal und Niob und einigen Begleitelementen in säurelöslichen Legierungen ohne chemische Vortrennung.Bestimmung von Tantal und Niob mit gleichzeitiger Ermittlung des Eisen‐, Mangan‐ und Zinngehaltes in Erzen durch Boraxaufschluß. Herstellung der Standardproben. Angabe von Arbeitsvorschriften. Mitteilung von Beleganalysen.