bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flanker task with equiprobable congruent and incongruent conditions does not elicit the conflict N2
Authors: Kałamała Patrycja , Szewczyk Jakub , Senderecka Magdalena , Wodniecka Zofia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn many published studies, various modifications of the flanker task have been used. Regardless of the flanker task version, the conflict N2 component has been consistently reported and interpreted as evidence for the resolution of conflict introduced by incongruent flankers. However, ERP studies that used the most basic flanker task (i.e., a version with equiprobable congruent and incongruent conditions in which only congruency between the target and flankers is manipulated) have not provided compelling evidence for the conflict N2 component. We report the results of a large‐sample ERP study employing a basic flanker task that allowed us to revisit the mechanism underlying the resolution of conflict introduced by incongruent flankers. In the behavioral data, we observed the classic effect of congruency. In the ERP data, we found three conflict‐sensitive components: (a) an early frontal component, presumably corresponding to P2, (b) P300 for congruent trials, followed by (c) P300 for incongruent trials. We did not find evidence for the conflict N2 component. Based on a review of literature, we propose that the conflict N2 component observed in a basic flanker task might be a frontal aspect of the P300 component. Given previous attempts to attribute the functional role of the ERP components, the absence of the conflict N2 in the basic flanker task suggests that response inhibition may not be crucial for the resolution of conflict induced by incongruent flankers. Instead, the P2 component appears to indicate that selective attention might play an important role in resolving the flanker conflict.
History of pulmonary tuberculosis affects the severity and clinical outcomes of COPD
Authors: Park Hye Jung , Byun Min Kwang , Kim Hyung Jung , Ahn Chul Min , Kim Deog Kyeom , Kim Yu Il , Oh Jin Young , Yoon Hyoung Kyu , Yoo Kwang‐Ha , Jung Ki Suck 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveAlthough an association between pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been suggested, studies on the effect of TB in COPD patients have not been conducted. We aimed to investigate the severity and clinical outcomes of COPD in patients with and without a history of TB.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of 1784 patients with COPD in the Korean COPD Subtype Study cohort collected from December 2011 to January 2017 and followed up for 3 years.ResultsAmong the 1784 patients at baseline, the COPD assessment test (CAT) scores and total St George's Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD (SGRQc) scores were significantly higher in the prior TB group (n = 468) than in the non‐TB group (n = 1316). Lung function and exacerbation prevalence were significantly poorer and higher, respectively, in the prior TB group than in the non‐TB group. In a small‐sized follow‐up study, CAT scores (n = 318), SGRQc scores (n = 295) and lung function (n = 182) remained poorer, and exacerbation prevalence (n = 256) remained higher in the prior TB group over 3 years. The forced expiratory volume in 1 s in the prior TB group declined (−0.57%/year), whereas it improved (+0.93%/year) in the non‐TB group (P for changes between the groups = 0.076). In the prior TB group, patients showed poorer lung function compared with the non‐TB group regardless of having lung lesions visible or not on chest radiographs.ConclusionTB history negatively affected the severity of COPD, and a small‐sized follow‐up study showed that the changes were sustained for several years.
Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury: Increased Prevalence in Engagement
Authors: Wester Kelly , Trepal Heather , King Kelly 
Published: August 2017

While some suggest nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is increasing, very little has been done systematically to explore this possibility. The current study employed three cohorts of freshman (total N = 949) from the same university across a period of 7 years to explore engagement in NSSI. Related intrapersonal factors were also examined. NSSI lifetime and current engagement use drastically increased across the three cohorts. Anxiety followed a similar trajectory as NSSI behaviors as increasing in reported levels, while depression and coping behaviors did not. Implications of these trends are discussed.
Heterogeneity, Income Inequality, and Social Capital: A New Perspective*
Authors: Paarlberg Laurie E. , Hoyman Michele , McCall Jamie 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThis article tests how income inequality mediates and moderates the relationship between racial diversity and social capital. We posit that racial diversity leads to higher levels of income equality, which reduces social capital. We also hypothesize that racial diversity has a stronger negative effect on social capital in places with high levels of income inequality (a compounding effect).MethodsDrawing upon data from U.S. counties, we test these models using a series of regression models.ResultsDiversity and income inequality have negative effects on social capital. There is also evidence of both mediating and moderating effects. Income inequality partially mediates the negative relationship between diversity and social capital. As income inequality increases, the negative relationship between diversity and social capital decreases. Furthermore, we find that population growth moderates these relationships.ConclusionThe relationship among social capital, income inequality, and diversity is complex. Although the direct effect is negative, there is some evidence for key mediating and moderating effects. More conceptual and empirical work is needed to assess the relationship between these concepts.
Map‐based cloning of the pear gene MYB114 identifies an interaction with other transcription factors to coordinately regulate fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: Yao Gaifang , Ming Meiling , Allan Andrew C. , Gu Chao , Li Leiting , Wu Xiao , Wang Runze , Chang Yaojun , Qi Kaijie , Zhang Shaoling , Wu Jun 
Published: August 2017

SummaryRed fruits are popular and widely accepted by consumers because of an enhanced appearance and enriched anthocyanins. The molecular mechanism of anthocyanin regulation in red‐skinned pear (Pyrus) has been studied, and the genes encoding the biosynthetic steps and several transcription factors (TFs) have been characterized. In this study, a candidate R2R3 MYB TF, PyMYB114, was identified by linkage to the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for red skin color on linkage group 5 in a population of Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). The function of PyMYB114 was verified by transient transformation in tobacco (Nicotinana tabacum) leaves and strawberry (Fragaria) and pear fruits, resulting in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin. Suppression of PyMYB114 could inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis in red‐skinned pears. The ERF/AP2 TF PyERF3 was found to interact with PyMYB114 and its partner PybHLH3 to co‐regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis, as shown by a dual luciferase reporter system and a yeast two‐hybrid assay. In addition, the transcript abundance of PyMYB114 and PyMYB10 were correlated, and co‐transformation of these two genes into tobacco and strawberry led to enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis. This interaction network provides insight into the coloration of fruits and the interaction of different TFs to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis.
Monomeric G‐actin is uniformly distributed in pollen tubes and is rapidly redistributed via cytoplasmic streaming during pollen tube growth
Authors: Chang Ming , Li Zhankun , Huang Shanjin 
Published: August 2017

SummaryDynamic assembly and disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in the regulation of pollen germination and subsequent tube growth. It is widely accepted that actin filaments are arrayed into distinct structures within different regions of the pollen tube. Maintenance of the equilibrium between monomeric globular actin (G‐actin) and filamentous actin (F‐actin) is crucial for actin assembly and array construction, and the local concentration of G‐actin thus directly impacts actin assembly. The localization and dynamics of G‐actin in the pollen tube, however, remain to be determined conclusively. To address this question, we created a series of fusion proteins between green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the Arabidopsis reproductive actin ACT11. Expression of a fusion protein with GFP inserted after methionine at position 49 within the DNase I‐binding loop of ACT11 (GFPMet49–ACT11) rescued the phenotypes in act11 mutants. Consistent with the notion that the majority of actin is in its monomeric form, GFPMet49–ACT11 and GFP fusion proteins of four other reproductive actins generated with the same strategy do not obviously label filamentous structures. In further support of the functionality of these fusion proteins, we found that they can be incorporated into filamentous structures in jasplakinolide (Jasp)‐treated pollen tubes. Careful observations showed that G‐actin is distributed uniformly in the pollen tube and is rapidly redistributed via cytoplasmic streaming during pollen tube growth. Our study suggests that G‐actin is readily available in the cytoplasm to support continuous actin polymerization during rapid pollen tube growth.
Different properties of skin of different body sites: The root of keloid formation?
Authors: Butzelaar Liselotte , Niessen Frank B. , Talhout Wendy , Schooneman Dennis P. M. , Ulrich Magda M. , Beelen Robert H. J. , Mink van der Molen Aebele B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine extracellular matrix composition, vascularization, and immune cell population of skin sites prone to keloid formation. Keloids remain a complex problem, posing esthetical as well as functional difficulties for those affected. These scars tend to develop at anatomic sites of preference. Mechanical properties of skin vary with anatomic location and depend largely on extracellular matrix composition. These differences in extracellular matrix composition, but also vascularization and resident immune cell populations might play a role in the mechanism of keloid formation. To examine this hypothesis, skin samples of several anatomic locations were taken from 24 human donors within zero to 36 hours after they had deceased. Collagen content and cross‐links were determined through high‐performance liquid chromatography. The expression of several genes, involved in extracellular matrix production and degradation, was measured by means of real‐time PCR. (Immuno)histochemistry was performed to detect fibroblasts, collagen, elastin, blood vessels, Langerhans cells, and macrophages. Properties of skin of keloid predilections sites were compared to properties of skin from other locations (nonpredilection sites [NPS]). The results indicated that there are site specific variations in extracellular matrix properties (collagen and cross‐links) as well as macrophage numbers. Moreover, predilection sites (PS) for keloid formation contain larger amounts of collagen compared to NPS, but decreased numbers of macrophages, in particular classically activated CD40 positive macrophages. In conclusion, the altered (histological, protein, and genetic) properties of skin of keloid PS may cause a predisposition for and contribute to keloid formation.
Wound healing outcomes: Using big data and a modified intent‐to‐treat method as a metric for reporting healing rates
Authors: Ennis William J. , Hoffman Rachel A. , Gurtner Geoffrey C. , Kirsner Robert S. , Gordon Hanna M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChronic wounds are increasing in prevalence and are a costly problem for the US healthcare system and throughout the world. Typically outcomes studies in the field of wound care have been limited to small clinical trials, comparative effectiveness cohorts and attempts to extrapolate results from claims databases. As a result, outcomes in real world clinical settings may differ from these published studies. This study presents a modified intent‐to‐treat framework for measuring wound outcomes and measures the consistency of population based outcomes across two distinct settings. In this retrospective observational analysis, we describe the largest to date, cohort of patient wound outcomes derived from 626 hospital based clinics and one academic tertiary care clinic. We present the results of a modified intent‐to‐treat analysis of wound outcomes as well as demographic and descriptive data. After applying the exclusion criteria, the final analytic sample includes the outcomes from 667,291 wounds in the national sample and 1,788 wounds in the academic sample. We found a consistent modified intent to treat healing rate of 74.6% from the 626 clinics and 77.6% in the academic center. We recommend that a standard modified intent to treat healing rate be used to report wound outcomes to allow for consistency and comparability in measurement across providers, payers and healthcare systems.
Risk factors, demographics and clinical profile of Acanthamoeba keratitis in Melbourne: an 18-year retrospective study
Authors: Lee Matthew Hao , Abell Robin Geoffrey , Mitra Biswadev , Ferdinands Merv , Vajpayee Rasik B 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTo assess incidence, risk factors, presentation and final visual outcome of patients with Acanthamoebakeratitis (AK) treated at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (RVEEH), Melbourne, Australia, over an 18-year period.MethodsA retrospective review of all cases of AK managed at RVEEH between January 1998 and May 2016 was performed. Data collected included age, gender, affected eye, signs and symptoms, time between symptoms and diagnosis, risk factors, presenting and final visual acuity (VA), investigations, medical treatment, surgical interventions and length of follow-up.ResultsA total of 36 eyes affected by AK in 34 patients were identified. There were 26 cases diagnosed early (<30 days) and 10 were diagnosed late (≥30 days). There were 31 (86.1%) cases associated with contact lens (CL). Signs associated with early AK included epithelial infiltrates, while signs of late AK included uveitis, ring infiltrate, endothelial plaque and corneal thinning (p<0.05). Surgical treatment was required in seven cases (19.4%). There were 29 (80.6%) cases that reported improved VA. Median best corrected final VA was worse in patients with late diagnosis (logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) 0.5, IQR: 0.2–0.8), compared with patients with early diagnosis (logMAR 0.0, IQR: 0.0–0.3; p=0.01). Late diagnosis was associated with a prolonged disease period.ConclusionAK was an uncommon cause of severe keratitis and was associated commonly with CL. Patients with late diagnosis had worse presenting and final VAs as well as a prolonged disease period, indicating need for early recognition and management.
Diagnostic and prognostic benefits of computed tomography coronary angiography using the 2016 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance within a randomised trial
Authors: Adamson Philip D , Hunter Amanda , Williams Michelle C , Shah Anoop S V , McAllister David A , Pawade Tania A , Dweck Marc R , Mills Nicholas L , Berry Colin , Boon Nicholas A , Clark Elizabeth , Flather Marcus , Forbes John , McLean Scott , Roditi Giles , van Beek Edwin J R , Timmis Adam D , Newby David E 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic benefits of CT coronary angiography (CTCA) using the 2016 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for the assessment of suspected stable angina.MethodsPost hoc analysis of the Scottish COmputed Tomography of the HEART (SCOT-HEART) trial of 4146 participants with suspected angina randomised to CTCA. Patients were dichotomised into NICE guideline-defined possible angina and non-anginal presentations. Primary (diagnostic) endpoint was diagnostic certainty of angina at 6 weeks and prognostic endpoint comprised fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI).ResultsIn 3770 eligible participants, CTCA increased diagnostic certainty more in those with possible angina (relative risk (RR) 2.22 (95% CI 1.91 to 2.60), p<0.001) than those with non-anginal symptoms (RR 1.30 (1.11 to 1.53), p=0.002; pinteraction <0.001). In the possible angina cohort, CTCA did not change rates of invasive angiography (p=0.481) but markedly reduced rates of normal coronary angiography (HR 0.32 (0.19 to 0.52), p<0.001). In the non-anginal cohort, rates of invasive angiography increased (HR 1.82 (1.13 to 2.92), p=0.014) without reducing rates of normal coronary angiography (HR 0.78 (0.30 to 2.05), p=0.622). At 3.2 years of follow-up, fatal or non-fatal MI was reduced in patients with possible angina (3.2% to 1.9%%; HR 0.58 (0.34 to 0.99), p=0.045) but not in those with non-anginal symptoms (HR 0.65 (0.25 to 1.69), p=0.379).ConclusionsNICE-guided patient selection maximises the benefits of CTCA on diagnostic certainty, use of invasive coronary angiography and reductions in fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction. Patients with non-anginal chest pain derive minimal benefit from CTCA and increase the rates of invasive investigation.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01149590;post results.
Study of high-Tc interface superconductivity in La1.55Sr0.45CuO4/La2CuO4 heterostructures at high magnetic fields and frequencies
Authors: Gasparov V. A. , Audouard A. , Drigo L. , He Xi , Bozovic I. 
Published: August 2017

We have synthesized heterostructures that consist of a layer of a cuprate insulator, La2CuO4, and a layer of a nonsuperconducting cuprate metal, La[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]CuO4. Such bilayers show high-[Formula: see text] interface superconductivity confined within a single CuO2 plane. Here, we explore the behavior of interface superconductivity at high frequencies (up to 50 MHz) under high magnetic fields (up to 56 T). We find that interface superconductivity persists up to very high perpendicular fields (exceeding 40 T). The critical magnetic field [Formula: see text] shows an upward divergence with decreasing temperature suggestive of vortex-lattice melting, similar to what is observed in bulk superconducting cuprates.
The Construction of Nonlinear Elasticity Tensors for Crystals and Quasicrystals
Authors: Astapov Yuri , Khristich Dmitrii , Markin Alexey , Sokolova Marina 
Published: August 2017

The problem of construction of constitutive relations in nonlinear elasticity theory for crystals and quasicrystals is associated with finding the construction of the structure of tensors of elastic modules of 2nd and 3rd orders. In the case of linear constitutive relations, the problem is entirely solved for crystals and some quasicrystals. In the case of nonlinear relations, the quantity of nonzero elastic modules of the 3rd order is known only for some classes of crystals. The problem of construction of nonlinear constitutive relations for quasicrystal materials has not been considered. In this article, representations of linear and nonlinear elastic properties of crystals and quasicrystals in the form of decompositions by special invariant tensor bases are considered. This allows us to concretize constitutive relations for icosahedral and axial quasicrystals. It is shown that axial quasicrystals’ behavior towards elastic properties coincides with transversal-isotropic materials. Icosahedral quasicrystals’ behavior matches with the isotropic materials’ one. On the basis of the obtained decompositions of nonlinear elasticity tensors for axial quasicrystals having a symmetry plane and for graphene films with and without defects, the analysis of their mechanical behavior at some types of loading is fulfilled. It is shown that differences in the behavior of these materials appear only in the second order effects.
A Preliminary Study Investigating the Association Between Hearing Acuity and a Screening Cognitive Tool
Authors: Mukari Siti Zamratol-Mai Sarah , Ishak Wan Syafira , Maamor Nashrah , Wan Hashim Wan Fazlina 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: Studies in cognitive aging demonstrated inconsistent association between hearing and cognition in older adults. Furthermore, it is still unclear if hearing loss at high frequencies, which is the earliest to be affected, is associated with cognitive functioning. This study aimed to determine the association between global cognitive status and pure tone average (PTA) at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz (PTA low) and PTA at 4 and 8 kHz (PTA high). Methods: This study involved 307 adults aged 60 years and older. Participants had their hearing and cognition measured using pure tone audiometry and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), respectively. Results: Pure tone average (low) accounted for significant but minimal amount of variance in measure of MMSE. Multiple regression analyses were also performed on normal and impaired hearing cohorts and cohorts with younger (60-69 years) and older (≥70 years) groups. The results revealed a significant relationship between PTA (low) and MMSE only in the younger age group. In contrast, no significant relationship was found between PTA (high) and cognition in any of the cohorts. Conclusion: Pure tone average (low) is significantly but minimally related to measure of general cognitive status. Similar relationship is not observed between high-frequency hearing and cognition. Further research using a more comprehensive cognitive test battery is needed to confirm the lack of association between high-frequency hearing and cognition.
xSyn: A Software Tool for Identifying Sophisticated 3-Way Interactions From Cancer Expression Data
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Baishali , Chanda Veda , Wang Yupeng 
Published: August 2017

Background: Constructing gene co-expression networks from cancer expression data is important for investigating the genetic mechanisms underlying cancer. However, correlation coefficients or linear regression models are not able to model sophisticated relationships among gene expression profiles. Here, we address the 3-way interaction that 2 genes’ expression levels are clustered in different space locations under the control of a third gene’s expression levels. Results: We present xSyn, a software tool for identifying such 3-way interactions from cancer gene expression data based on an optimization procedure involving the usage of UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) and synergy. The effectiveness is demonstrated by application to 2 real gene expression data sets. Conclusions: xSyn is a useful tool for decoding the complex relationships among gene expression profiles. xSyn is available at http://www.bdxconsult.com/xSyn.html .