bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychotropic use and associated neuropsychiatric symptoms among patients with dementia in the USA
Authors: Maust Donovan T. , Langa Kenneth M. , Blow Frederic C. , Kales Helen C. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the national prevalence of psychotropic use and association with neuropsychiatric symptoms among patients with dementia.MethodsParticipants diagnosed with dementia (n = 414) in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study, a nationally representative survey of US adults >70 years old. Diagnosis was based on in‐person clinical assessment and informant interview. Information collected included demographics, place of residence, 10‐item Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and prescribed medications (antipsychotic, sedative‐hypnotic, antidepressant, mood stabilizer).ResultsOf 414 participants with dementia, 41.4% were prescribed a psychotropic medication, including 84.0% of nursing home residents and 28.6% of community‐dwellers. Of participants, 23.5% were prescribed an antidepressant. Compared with the total NPI score of those on no medication (4.5), those on antipsychotics and those on sedative‐hypnotics had much higher scores (respectively: 12.6, p < 0.001; 11.8, p = 0.03), although those antidepressants did not (6.9, p = 0.15). A larger proportion of patients on antipsychotics exhibited psychosis and agitation compared with those on no medication, while those on antidepressants exhibited more depressive symptoms. In multivariable logistic regression that included dementia severity and nursing home residence, nursing home residence was the characteristic most strongly associated with psychotropic use (odds ratio ranging from 8.96 [p < 0.001] for antipsychotics to 15.59 [p < 0.001] for sedative‐hypnotics). More intense psychotic symptoms and agitation were associated with antipsychotic use; more intense anxiety and agitation were associated with sedative‐hypnotic use. More intense depression and apathy were not associated with antidepressant use.ConclusionsIn this nationally representative sample, 41.4% of patients were taking psychotropic medication. While associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, nursing home residence was most strongly tied to use. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scanning for α‐Hemoglobin Variants by High‐Resolution Melting Analysis
Authors: Yimniam Walaiporn , Jindadamrongwech Sumalee 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundDefinitive detection of hemoglobin (Hb) variants requires DNA sequencing. High‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons was applied to detect and discriminate among uncommon α‐Hb variants found in Thailand.MethodsUncommon suspected α‐Hb variants observed in Hb typing were identified by sequencing of DNA from whole blood samples. Three pairs of PCR primers covering the mutation regions in the three α‐globin exons then were used for PCR coupled with difference in HRM analysis to subtract out the concomitant melting profile of the normal allele in the heterozygous state.ResultsDNA sequencing identified six heterozygous α‐Hb variants, namely, Hb G‐Waimanalo (HBA2: exon 2, codon 64 G>A), Hb J‐Buda (HBA1: exon 2, codon 61 G>T), Hb Kurosaki (HBA2: exon 1; codon 7 A>G), Hb O‐Indonesia (HBA1: exon 3 codon 116 G>A), Hb Q‐India (HBA1:exon 2, codon 64 G>C), and Hb Q‐Thailand (HBA1: exon 2 codon 74 G>C). Difference HRM analysis showed one temperature melting profile using exon 1 primer pair, four different profiles with exon 2 primer pair, and one profile with exon 3 primer pair.ConclusionsPCR‐HRM analysis was effective in detecting and discriminating among single point mutations causing six uncommon α‐Hb variants in heterozygous individuals. The method can be applied for routine screening due to its simplicity and relatively low cost.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Responsive Polymers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Xu Qinghua , He Chaoliang , Xiao Chunsheng , Chen Xuesi 
Published: February 2016

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in cell signaling pathways, while increased production of ROS may disrupt cellular homeostasis, giving rise to oxidative stress and a series of diseases. Utilizing these cell‐generated species as triggers for selective tuning polymer structures and properties represents a promising methodology for disease diagnosis and treatment. Recently, significant progress has been made in fabricating biomaterials including nanoparticles and macroscopic networks to interact with this dynamic physiological condition. These ROS‐responsive platforms have shown potential in a range of biomedical applications, such as cancer targeted drug delivery systems, cell therapy platforms for inflammation related disease, and so on.
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Studies of a photochromic model system using NMR with ex‐situ and in‐situ irradiation devices
Authors: Wolff Christiane , Kind Jonas , Schenderlein Helge , Bartling Hanna , Feldmeier Christian , Gschwind Ruth M. , Biesalski Markus , Thiele Christina M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe switching behavior of a photochromic model system was investigated in detail via NMR spectroscopy in order to improve understanding of the compound itself and to provide ways to obtain insights into composition trends of a photo switchable (polymeric) material containing spiropyran/merocyanine units. In addition to the classical irradiation performed outside the magnet (ex‐situ), a device for irradiation inside the NMR spectrometer (in‐situ) was tested. Both setups are introduced, their advantages and disadvantages as well as their limits are described and the setup for future investigations of photochromic materials is suggested.The influence of different sample concentrations, irradiation procedures, and light intensities on the model system was examined as well as the dependence on solvent, temperature, and irradiation wavelengths. Using the recently published LED illumination device, it was even possible to record two‐dimensional spectra on this model system with rather short half‐life (7 min in DMSO). This way 13C chemical shifts of the merocyanine form were obtained, which were unknown before. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Terahertz Waves for Thickness Analyses
Authors: Jonuscheit Joachim 
Published: February 2016

AbstractModern components are often refined with complex layer systems. Or the component itself is made up of multiple materials. If the material thickness needs to be checked, usually destructive procedures need to be used. Unfortunately, this requires a lot of time and is not entirely suitable for production monitoring. With the help of terahertz waves which lie in the spectrum between infrared light and microwaves, the measurement of thickness becomes easier and more importantly nondestructive. The method introduced here regarding the terahertz thickness analysis calculates the thickness of the material based on the runtime differences of the partial reflected waves on material boundaries.
Overcoming Barriers to Industrial Laser Performance Measurement
Authors: McCauley John , Dini Christian 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTechnological advancements in laser sources and the systems in which they are integrated have provided the industrial laser user with higher quality and more consistent laser processes. Sophisticated performance measurement of the components and the system as a whole is performed during development and installation of the laser systems. Yet in many cases, ensuring the system continues to perform as designed once installed does not seem to be a high priority for the end user. Is protection of this large investment not a priority?
Deciding probabilistic automata weak bisimulation: theory and practice
Authors: Ferrer Fioriti Luis María , Hashemi Vahid , Hermanns Holger , Turrini Andrea 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Weak probabilistic bisimulation on probabilistic automata can be decided by an algorithm that needs to check a polynomial number of linear programming problems encoding weak transitions. It is hence of polynomial complexity. This paper discusses the specific complexity class of the weak probabilistic bisimulation problem, and it considers several practical algorithms and linear programming problem transformations that enable an efficient solution. We then discuss two different implementations of a probabilistic automata weak probabilistic bisimulation minimizer, one of them employing SAT modulo linear arithmetic as the solver technology. Empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the minimization approach on standard benchmarks, also highlighting the benefits of compositional minimization.
Comparing those who do, might and will not invest in sustainable funds: a survey among German retail fund investors
Authors: Wins Anett , Zwergel Bernhard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we present the results of an online questionnaire among private German mutual fund investors. In an exploratory nature, we empirically analyze the differences between three groups: sustainable investors, conventional investors that are either generally interested or those that are not interested at all to invest in socially responsible (SR) funds. We provide evidence on motives and attitudes of these three investor groups, showing that SR fund investors are quite similar to those interested in investing sustainably and very different from those who only consider investing conventionally. All three groups agree that sustainable actions of a company affect its stock price positively. Yet, they all believe that SR funds perform worse than conventional funds. Nevertheless, some still invest in SR funds. Consequently, different motives and attitudes are the determining factors when it comes to making an investment decision. These differences will be extensively discussed on the following pages.
Cost Analysis of a School-Based Social and Emotional Learning and Literacy Intervention
Authors: Long Katherine , Brown Joshua L. , Jones Stephanie M. , Aber J. Lawrence , Yates Brian T. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose: There is limited research on the costs of social and emotional learning (SEL) interventions [Crowley, Jones, Greenberg, Feinberg & Spoth (2012). Resource Consumption of a Diffusion Model for Prevention Programs: The PROSPER Delivery System.Journal of Adolescent Health, 50(3), 256–263]. This paper describes a comprehensive methodology for determining the costs of a successful universal, school-based SEL intervention that was implemented in nine public schools over 3 years.Methods: Resource costs were identified using the Cost–Procedure–Process–Outcome Analysis Model [Yates (1996).Analyzing Costs, Procedures, Processes, and Outcomes in Human Services.Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.; Yates (1999).Measuring and Improving Cost, Cost-Effectiveness, and Cost-Benefit for Substance Abuse Treatment Programs. No. NIH 99-4518, 135] and the ingredients model [Levin (Ed.) (1983).Cost-Effectiveness A Primer(Vol. 4). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage; Levin & McEwan (2001).Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Methods and Applications. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications]. This involved careful identification of resource use, finding the cost per unit for each resource by intervention activity, and ultimately calculating the total resource cost (resource use$\times$cost per unit).Results: Our analysis estimated the overall cost of this 3-year SEL and literacy intervention to be $1,831,296 for nine schools. This averages to $67,825 yearly per school and $130 yearly for each student. The analysis estimated the first year of the intervention to be the costliest ($683,106) and then decreasing in Year 2 ($581,764) and Year 3 ($566,426).Conclusion: This research emphasizes the need to study the costs of SEL interventions. By providing a detailed and standardized methodology, this cost analysis can provide added support for implementing an effective social and emotional learning intervention in a school setting. Furthermore, it provides groundwork for more advanced cost analyses, such as a cost–effectiveness analysis or a benefit-cost analysis (BCA).
New tropical calicioid lichens from South America
Authors: APTROOT André , MOTA JUNIOR Narla , SANTOS Viviane Monique dos , CÁCERES Marcela Eugenia da Silva 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThree new calicioid lichens are described from the Neotropics. Mazaediothecium uniseptatum, with 1-septate ascospores, is described from French Guiana. Mycocalicium enterographicola, with turbinate, green-pruinose apothecia and stalk and a distinct mazaedium, occurring lichenicolous on Enterographa cf. quassiaecola Fée, is described from Sergipe State in Brazil. Stenocybe tropica, with 3-septate ascospores remaining clustered in the mouth of the apothecium, and persistent asci, is described from mangrove tree bark in São Paulo State, Brazil.
Anamnestic responses in pigs to the Taenia solium TSOL18 vaccine and implications for control strategies
Authors: LIGHTOWLERS MARSHALL W. , DONADEU MERITXELL , ELAIYARAJA M. , MAITHAL KAPIL , KUMAR K. ANAND , GAUCI CHARLES G. , FIRESTONE SIMON M. , SARASOLA PATXI , ROWAN TIM G. 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYSpecific antibody responses were assessed in pigs immunized with the Taenia solium vaccine TSOL18. Anti-TSOL18 responses were compared 2 weeks after secondary immunization, where the interval between primary and secondary immunization was 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 weeks. All animals responded to the vaccine and there was no diminution in antibody responses in animals receiving their second injection after an interval up to 20 weeks. Pigs receiving vaccinations at an interval of 12 weeks developed significantly increased antibody responses compared with animals receiving immunizations 4 weeks apart (P = 0·046). The ability to deliver TSOL18 vaccination effectively where the revaccination schedule can be delayed for up to 12–16 weeks in pigs increases the options available for designing T. solium control interventions that incorporate TSOL18 vaccination.
Distinct courses of infection withLeishmania(L.)amazonensisare observed in BALB/c, BALB/c nude and C57BL/6 mice
Authors: VELASQUEZ LEONARDO G. , GALUPPO MARIANA K. , DE REZENDE ELOIZA , BRANDÃO WESLEY N. , PERON JEAN PIERRE , ULIANA SILVIA R. B. , DUARTE MARIA IRMA , STOLF BEATRIZ S. 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYLeishmania(L.)amazonensis[L.(L.)amazonensis] is widely distributed in Brazil and its symptomatic infections usually lead to few localized lesions and sometimes to diffuse cutaneous form, with nodules throughout the body, anergy to parasite antigens and poor therapeutic response. The variability of these manifestations draws attention to the need for studies on the pathophysiology of infection by this species. In this study, we analysed the course and immunological aspects ofL.(L.)amazonensisinfection in BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains, both susceptible, but displaying different clinical courses, and athymic BALB/c nude, to illustrate the role of T cell dependent responses. We analysed footpad thickness and parasite burden byin vivoimaging. Furthermore, we evaluated the cellular profile and cytokine production in lymph nodes and the inflammatory infiltrates of lesions. Nude mice showed delayed lesion development and less inflammatory cells in lesions, but higher parasite burden than BALB/c and C57BL/6. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice had similar parasite burdens, lesion sizes and infiltrates until 6 weeks after infection, and after that C57BL/6 mice controlled the infection. Small differences in parasite numbers were observed in C57BL/6 macrophagesin vitro, indicating thatin vivomilieu accounts for most differences in infection. We believe our results shed light on the role of host immune system in the course ofL.(L.)amazonensisinfection by comparing three mouse strains that differ in parasitaemia and inflammatory cells.
Theépreuveof ageing with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: CARADEC VINCENT , CHAMAHIAN ALINE 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe concept ofépreuve, literally translated as ‘challenge’, was developed by the French sociologist Danilo Martuccelli, who was inspired by Sartre's existential philosophy, phenomenological sociology and its concern for analysing modern experiences, and Charles Wright Mills’ conviction that it is necessary to relate personal problems to the social structures that generate or amplify them. The concept has been used in the sociology of ageing in France to characterise theépreuveof ageing and four domains ofépreuvehave been identified: activities, identity, autonomy and relationship to the world. This paper applies this template to a corpus of 27 interviews with people at mild to moderate stages of Alzheimer's disease, in order to characterise theépreuveof ageing with the disease. Theépreuveof ageing during the earlier stages of the disease is similar to the experience of people who age without a cognitive disorder. However, as the disease progresses the analysis reveals that it tends to exacerbate issues: identity seems especially threatened, simultaneously raising the question of self-presentation and self-definition; although most interviewees strive to retain autonomy, a few delegate it to a close confidante with whom they build a relationship of strong dependence; and weakened communication accentuates the feeling that the world is foreign and strange.
Resource-dependent attenuation of species interactions during bacterial succession
Authors: Rivett Damian W , Scheuerl Thomas , Culbert Christopher T , Mombrikotb Shorok B , Johnstone Emma , Barraclough Timothy G , Bell Thomas 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Bacterial communities are vital for many economically and ecologically important processes. The role of bacterial community composition in determining ecosystem functioning depends critically on interactions among bacterial taxa. Several studies have shown that, despite a predominance of negative interactions in communities, bacteria are able to display positive interactions given the appropriate evolutionary or ecological conditions. We were interested in how interspecific interactions develop over time in a naturalistic setting of low resource supply rates. We assembled aquatic bacterial communities in microcosms and assayed the productivity (respiration and growth) and substrate degradation while tracking community composition. The results demonstrated that while bacterial communities displayed strongly negative interactions during the early phase of colonisation and acclimatisation to novel biotic and abiotic factors, this antagonism declined over time towards a more neutral state. This was associated with a shift from use of labile substrates in early succession to use of recalcitrant substrates later in succession, confirming a crucial role of resource dynamics in linking interspecific interactions with ecosystem functioning.
Functional metagenomic screen reveals new and diverse microbial rhodopsins
Authors: Pushkarev Alina , Béjà Oded 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Ion-translocating retinylidene rhodopsins are widely distributed among marine and freshwater microbes. The translocation is light-driven, contributing to the production of biochemical energy in diverse microbes. Until today, most microbial rhodopsins had been detected using bioinformatics based on homology to other rhodopsins. In the past decade, there has been increased interest in microbial rhodopsins in the field of optogenetics since microbial rhodopsins were found to be most useful in vertebrate neuronal systems. Here we report on a functional metagenomic assay for detecting microbial rhodopsins. Using an array of narrow pH electrodes and light-emitting diode illumination, we were able to screen a metagenomic fosmid library to detect diverse marine proteorhodopsins and an actinorhodopsin based solely on proton-pumping activity. Our assay therefore provides a rather simple phenotypic means to enrich our understanding of microbial rhodopsins without any prior knowledge of the genomic content of the environmental entities screened.
Amplified RLR signaling activation through an interferon-stimulated gene-endoplasmic reticulum stress-mitochondrial calcium uniporter protein loop
Authors: Cheng Jinbo , Liao Yajin , Zhou Lujun , Peng Shengyi , Chen Hong , Yuan Zengqiang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractType I interferon (IFN-I) is critical for a host against viral and bacterial infections via induction of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), but the mechanism underlying the regulation of IFN-I remains largely unknown. In this study, we first demonstrate that ISG expression is required for optimal IFN-β levels, an effect that is further enhanced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Furthermore, we identify mitochondrial calcium uniporter protein (MCU) as a mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)-interacting protein that is important for ER stress induction and amplified MAVS signaling activation. In addition, by performing an ectopic expression assay to screen a library of 117 human ISGs for effects on IFN-β levels, we found that tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) significantly increases IFN-β levels independent of ER stress. Altogether, our findings suggest that MCU and TNFR1 are involved in the regulation of RIG-I-like receptors (RLR) signaling.
Acoustic resolution photoacoustic Doppler velocimetry in blood-mimicking fluids
Authors: Brunker Joanna , Beard Paul 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPhotoacoustic Doppler velocimetry provides a major opportunity to overcome limitations of existing blood flow measuring methods. By enabling measurements with high spatial resolution several millimetres deep in tissue, it could probe microvascular blood flow abnormalities characteristic of many different diseases. Although previous work has demonstrated feasibility in solid phantoms, measurements in blood have proved significantly more challenging. This difficulty is commonly attributed to the requirement that the absorber spatial distribution is heterogeneous relative to the minimum detectable acoustic wavelength. By undertaking a rigorous study using blood-mimicking fluid suspensions of 3 μm absorbing microspheres, it was discovered that the perceived heterogeneity is not only limited by the intrinsic detector bandwidth; in addition, bandlimiting due to spatial averaging within the detector field-of-view also reduces perceived heterogeneity and compromises velocity measurement accuracy. These detrimental effects were found to be mitigated by high-pass filtering to select photoacoustic signal components associated with high heterogeneity. Measurement under-reading due to limited light penetration into the flow vessel was also observed. Accurate average velocity measurements were recovered using “range-gating”, which furthermore maps the cross-sectional velocity profile. These insights may help pave the way to deep-tissue non-invasive mapping of microvascular blood flow using photoacoustic methods.