bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VANISHING HORIZONS: VIRGINIA WOOLF AND THE NEO-ROMANTIC LANDSCAPE IN BETWEEN THE ACTS AND 'ANON'
Authors: Morgan Clare 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMuch current scholarship has concentrated on Virginia Woolf as political writer. Such scholarship argues, on the one hand, that Woolf has little truck with nationalism, and, on the other, that she endorses the value of an inclusive community. This essay explores, through a concentration on her treatment of landscape, how Woolf's vision of art and of England comes to be grounded in the inter-war zeitgeist of Neo Romanticism, a grounding that significantly alters our perception of the role both nation and community play in her work.
Zafimaniry: An Understanding of What Is Passed on from Parents to Children: A Cross-Cultural Investigation
Authors: Bloch Maurice , Solomon Gregg , Carey Susan 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Children (aged 7 to 16 years) and adults from a remote Zafimaniry village in eastern Madagascar were probed for their intuitive understanding of the biological inheritance of bodily features. They were told a story about a baby adopted at birth, and were asked whether, when grown, he would be more likely to resemble his birth parents or his adoptive parents in bodily traits, beliefs, preferences, temperaments, and skills. In spite of the fact that the Zafimaniry, like other Southeast Asian and Malagasy peoples, profess explicit beliefs concerning the fixation of individuals' properties that are at variance with Western folkbiology, Zafimaniry adults responded as do American adults on the task. Zafimaniry children, however, did not repond as did the adults, nor did they respond as did the majority of American children. Rather, they responded in the manner most consistent with what would be predicted, for children as well as for adults, from the ethnographic literature. That is, they tended to judge that an adopted boy would resemble his adoptive rather than his birth parents on virtually all traits, including bodily traits. The implications of these findings for current debates within cognitive science and anthropology are discussed.
Reproductive cycle of the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) in its southwestern range
Authors: Llorente G.A. , Carretero M.A. , Amat  
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe reproductive cycle of Lacerta agilis was studied in the Pyrenees at the southwestern boundary of the species range. The activity period is short (about 4.5 months). Males attain sexual maturity at smaller sizes than females and show mixed type spermatogenesis and spring spermiogenesis. Vitellogenesis in females is rapid (45 days for the whole population) with a long period of oviductal retention. Clutches are laid at the beginning of summer. During the reproductive period males mobilise reserves during the mating activities. Females deplete more fat reserves but later in the season than males and they are at their lowest after egg production. In both sexes, energy resources are mobilised from the fat bodies and also from the liver and the proximal part of the tail. Clutch size increases with female size but also depends on other factors. The short activity period does not appear to affect the reproductive cycle of this species. The gonad cycles and clutch traits do not show substantial differences from other European populations, perhaps with the exception of slight variation in the timing of reproductive events and, to a lesser extent, clutch frequency. This evidence strongly suggests that the limited southwestern range of Lacerta agilis is not due to environmental constraints but to very recent colonization.
Diversity and distribution of frogs in an Amazonian savanna in Brazil
Authors: Albernaz Ana L.K. , Neckel-Oliveira Selvino , Magnusson William , Lima Albertina 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe studied the distribution of anurans in savanna, regrowth and mature forest at the mouth of the Tapajós river in Brazilian Amazonia. We sampled 31 sites on the right bank of the Tapajós river and on the shores of lakes nearby, and recorded all acoustic and visual observations of frogs. We found 18 anuran species: Leptodactylidae (8), Hylidae (7), Bufonidae (2) and Pseudidae (1). The distribution of species indicated that some species are generalists and others are restricted to certain habitats. The species at Alter do Chão are a subset of those found in forested sites in Amazonia. Lakes and forested areas had the greatest anuran diversity, but are also the areas most disturbed by tourist development and agriculture. Reduction of anuran diversity in the area could be minimized by concentrating development along the main beaches of the Tapajós river.
DOES BRANTS' WHISTLING RAT (PAROTOMYS BRANTSII) USE AN URGENCY-BASED ALARM SYSTEM IN REACTION TO AERIAL AND TERRESTRIAL PREDATORS?
Authors: Le Roux Aliza , Jackson Tim , Cherry Michael 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
It is predicted that differences in mammalian alarm call systems may be explained relative to the complexity of their habitat, with species inhabiting three-dimensional habitats classifying predator types (externally referential), and those living in two-dimensional environments indicating the level of risk (urgency-based). We tested this prediction in a two-dimensional environment for a small African rodent, Brants' whistling rat, Parotomys brantsii. Colony members were presented with predator models of a raptor and puff adder, as well as a human observer, to investigate their alarm call repertoire. Alarm calls consisted of simple, singlenote vocalizations, often repeated in non-rhythmic bouts. Virtually no variation was detected in the structure of alarm whistles between the calls elicited by the two model predators and humans, indicating that P. brantsii did not identify different predator types by means of vocalizations. However, note duration was dependent on the reaction of the caller: when the caller bolted towards safety, the whistle was significantly shorter than when it remained stationary. A snake and far-off human elicited relatively long-duration calls and the caller would remain above ground, signifying a low-risk situation. High-risk encounters with a nearby raptor or human provoked short calls before the whistling rat bolted underground. We conclude that P. brantsii's alarm call repertoire represents a graded 'urgency-based' system, indicating perceived threat level rather than predator type. Our study supports the prediction that mammalian alarm call systems in two-dimensional environments primarily provide information indicating the level of risk and not predator type.
THE STUDY OF INTERSEXUAL SELECTION USING QUANTITATIVE GENETICS
Authors: Bakker Theo C.M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this review, I stress the importance of incorporating Quantitative Genetics (QG) in the study of sexual selection through female mate choice. A short overview of QG principles and methods of estimating genetic variance and covariance is given. The state of knowledge is summarized as to two QG assumptions (genetic variance in female mating preferences and male sexual traits) and one QG prediction (genetic covariance between preferences and preferred traits) of models of sexual selection. A review is given of studies of repeatability of mating preferences because of recent accumulation of data. The general conclusion is that sexual traits and mating preferences show large genetic variation and are genetically correlated. The extensive genetic variation asks for an explanation that goes beyond the ususal explanations of the maintenance of genetic variation in fitness traits. Two models that explain the high genetic variance in sexual traits are treated in detail: modifier selection and condition dependence. There are many unexplored areas of QG research that could stimulate further research in sexual selection like the study of genetic covariance between mating preferences and good genes, of genetic variances and covariances of multiple male traits and multiple females preferences, of genetic variance in condition, and of condition dependence of mating preferences.
RELATIVE GROWTH OF THE DOMINANT HERMIT CRABS (DECAPODA, ANOMURA) OF DETRITIC BOTTOMS FROM SOUTHERN SPAIN
Authors: Manjon-Cabeza  , Raso J. E. Garcia 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe relative growth of the dominant hermit crabs (Decapoda, Anomura), i.e., Diogenes pugilator, Anapagurus alboranensis, A. hyndmanni, Pagurus forbesii, and Paguristes eremita, of littoral detritic bottoms (15-24 m deep) from southern Spain (Barbate Bay, near the Straits of Gibraltar) has been studied. Both the increase in cheliped length and in carapace shield length of these species do not show discontinuities during development. Males of Anapagurus alboranensis, Pagurus forbesii, and Diogenes pugilator have isometric growth of cheliped length, but males of Paguristes eremita and Anapagurus hyndmanni present a positively allometric relative growth. Among the females, only Anapagurus hyndmanni shows a clearly negative allometry. The results indicate that increase in cheliped length tends to be isometric relative to cheliped width, at least in the majority of the species at issue here. However, this relationship is negative in the case of both sexes of Diogenes pugilator, just as well as in the male Anapagurus hyndmanni. The present data on relative growth are discussed in relation to earlier studies, especially so those on Diogenes pugilator, which are compared in some detail. In all, the results indicate that there exists no consistent pattern of relative growth of the cheliped within families or genera of hermit crabs. Etude de la croissance relative des pagurides (Decapoda, Anomura) dominants sur les fonds detritiques littoraux (profondeur 15-24 metres) du sud de l'Espagne (Baie de Barbate, pres du detroit de Gibraltar). Il s'agit de Diogenes pugilator, Anapagurus alboranensis, A. hyndmanni, Pagurus forbesii, et Paguristes eremita. Chez ces especes, la croissance de la longueur du chelipede et de celle de l'ecusson ne montre pas de discontinuites pendant le developpement. Les males de Diogenes pugilator, Anapagurus alboranensis et Pagurus forbesii ont une croissance isometrique du chelipede, mais ceux d'Anapagurus hyndmanni et de Paguristes eremita presentent une allometrie relative positive. Chez les femelles, seul Anapagurus hyndmanni montre une allometrie nettement negative. Les resultats indiquent que la longueur du chelipede tend a etre isometrique par rapport a sa largeur, au moins chez la majorite des especes en question. Cependant la relation est negative dans les deux sexes chez Diogenes pugilator, comme chez le male d'Anapagurus hyndmanni. Les presentes donnees sont discutees en relation avec les etudes precedentes, en particulier avec celles sur Diogenes pugilator, qui font l'objet d'une comparaison quelque peu detaillee. Dans l'ensemble, les resultats indiquent qu'il n'existe pas de modele uniforme de croissance relative du chelipede dans les familles ou genres de pagurides.
Population dynamics of Paratylenchus nanus in soil under pasture: 1. Aggregation and abiotic factors
Authors: Watson Richard , Bell Nigel 
Published: July 2002

AbstractParatylenchus nanus populations were assessed by seasonal and monthly sampling of grazed pasture on silt loam soil in Waikato, New Zealand. The data were used to investigate P.nanus aggregation and relationships with abiotic factors, including soil temperature, rainfall, soil moisture and soil nutrients. P.nanus was more abundant at 10-20 than 0-10 cm soil depth and populations were greatest in summer. Aggregation declined from spring through to winter. P.nanus populations were positively correlated with soil temperature and negatively with soil moisture (seasonally) and rainfall (monthly). Monthly P. nanus abundance was also positively correlated with a combination of accumulated temperature and rainfall. On single occasions, soil phosphorus and nitrogen were significantly negatively correlated with P.nanus populations, and it is suggested that these associations were mediated through host plant abundance.
Nematicidal activity of powder and extracts of Inula viscosa
Authors: Ben-Daniel Bat-Hen , Oka Yuji , Cohen Yigal 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe number of second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne javanica in sand was greatly reduced by mixing in leaf powder of Inula viscosa at a concentration of 0.1% (w/w). Powder from other plant parts, except the root, also showed nematicidal activity. Fresh shoots incorporated into the sand showed less of a nematicidal effect. An aqueous extract of the leaf powder exhibited slight nematicidal activity against the nematode, whereas its extracts with organic solvents showed stronger activity. M. javanica was most sensitive to the leaf powder, followed by Tylenchulus semipenetrans, while Aphelenchus avenae, Ditylenchus dipsaci and Pratylenchus mediterraneus were much less, or not at all affected. Acetone extracts of the fresh and dry leaves yielded two fractions with nematicidal activity by column chromatography. One nematicidal fraction contained a mixture of costic and isocostic acid. This mixture, presumably located in the outside of the shoots, showed nematicidal activity toward M. javanica at a concentration of 50 mg/kg sand.
Clay minerals from tidal flat sediments at Youngjong Island, Korea, as a potential indicator of sea-level change
Authors: Moon J. -W. , Song Y. , Moon H. - S. , Lee G. H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractClay minerals from the tidal flat sediments along the coast of Youngjong Island, west of mainland Korea, were studied to ascertain their potential as an indicator of sea-level fluctuation. Semi-quantitative analysis of their clay-size fractions by XRD shows that the vertical distribution of clay minerals can be separated into four clay mineral assemblage units. Based on the relative contents of chlorite, four sedimentary units are distinguishable, and the abundance of chlorite is inversely related to that of smectite. The kaolinite content is constant, and so it is clear that chlorite originating from the Han River was transformed to smectite by pedogenesis during regression periods. Therefore, the relative contents of clay minerals from the unconsolidated materials in the tidal flat of Youngjong Island canbe used as indicators of transgression and regression in accordance with the sea-level fluctuation.
Hydrothermal alteration processes of the Tertiary lavas of Northern Ireland
Authors: Robert Ch. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe alteration mineralogy of two outcrops of basaltic lavas in northeast Ireland is studied with respect to the hydrothermal alteration history of basalts. Evidence for contact between basaltic flows and palaeorivers or palaeolakes is reported in both outcrops, which belong to two different formations: the Lower Basaltic Formation (LBF) and the Inter Basaltic Formation (Causeway Tholeiite Member, CTM). The secondary minerals consist of layer silicates (chlorite-smectite, C-S, di- and trioctahedral smectites), zeolites, calcite and silica minerals and there is a repetition of the sequence of alteration mineralogy in each formation. The mineralogy of phyllosilicates from the LBF (C-S) corresponds to hotter conditions of alteration than those of CTM (di/trioctahedral smectites), while the zeolite mineralogy is controlled by the fluid composition. In consequence, the mineralogy and the distribution of alteration minerals suggest that the crystallization of phyllosilicates and zeolites did not develop during burial of lavas a long time after the eruption, but reflects thermal gradients driven by lava heat flow and marked by local perturbation caused by regional water flow through the aquifer zone in the lava during the last cooling of each lava sequence.
The SH2 domain of Bcr-Abl is not required to induce a murine myeloproliferative disease; however, SH2 signaling influences disease latency and phenotype
Authors: Zhang Xiaowu , Wong Ray , Hao Sheryl X. , Pear Warren S. , Ren Ruibao 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBcr-Abl plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). It was previously shown that expression of Bcr-Abl in bone marrow cells by retroviral transduction efficiently induces a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) in mice resembling human CML. This in vivo experimental system allows the direct determination of the effect of specific domains of Bcr-Abl, or specific signaling pathways, on the complex in vivo pathogenesis of CML. In this report, the function of the SH2 domain of Bcr-Abl in the pathogenesis of CML is examined using this murine model. It was found that the Bcr-Abl SH2 mutants retain the ability to induce a fatal MPD but with an extended latency compared with wild type (wt) Bcr-Abl. Interestingly, in contrast to wt Bcr-Abl–induced disease, which is rapid and monophasic, the disease caused by the Bcr-Abl SH2 mutants is biphasic, consisting of an initial B-lymphocyte expansion followed by a fatal myeloid proliferation. The B-lymphoid expansion was diminished in mixing experiments with bcr-abl/ΔSH2 and wt bcr-ablcells, suggesting that the Bcr-Abl–induced MPD suppresses B-lymphoid expansion.
Modulation of endothelial cell activation in sickle cell disease: a pilot study
Authors: Solovey Alex A. , Solovey Anna N. , Harkness Jeanne , Hebbel Robert P. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The vessel wall endothelium undoubtedly plays a role in the vascular pathobiology of sickle cell disease. This pilot study tested the feasibility of using an inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)–κB, a transcription factor, to modify the endothelial activation state of patients with this vascular disease. For a total of 7 separate drug exposure tests, 3 subjects with sickle cell disease took sulfasalazine (given orally at 1 g every 8 hours), and the activation state of their circulating endothelial cells (CECs) was assessed using immunofluorescence microscopy. Companion studies were also performed using sulfasalazine in sickle transgenic mice to verify its effect simultaneously on both CECs and vessel wall endothelium. Both CECs and tissue vessel wall endothelium in sickle mice have an activated phenotype. In these mice sulfasalazine significantly reduced CEC expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), and E-selectin, and it correspondingly reduced expression of these molecules in some tissue vessels. In humans with sickle cell disease, sulfasalazine significantly reduced CEC expression of VCAM, ICAM, and E-selectin, but it did not reduce expression of tissue factor. Addition of a second transcription factor inhibitor, salsalate, did not change this result. This pilot study suggests that endothelial cell activation state can be modified and down-regulated in vivo by sulfasalazine.
Overexpression of HOXA10 perturbs human lymphomyelopoiesis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Buske Christian , Feuring-Buske Michaela , Antonchuk Jennifer , Rosten Patricia , Hogge Donna E. , Eaves Connie J. , Humphries R. Keith 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Several studies point to multiple members of the Hox transcription factor family as playing key roles in normal hematopoietic development, and they link the imbalanced expression of these transcription factors, in particular of the Abd-like A cluster HOXgenes HOXA9 and HOXA10, to leukemogenesis. To test directly the hypothesis that HOXA10is involved in human hematopoietic development, the gene was retrovirally overexpressed in human highly purified CD34+/GFP+ hematopoietic progenitor cells derived from cord blood or fetal liver sources, and the impact of aberrant gene expression was analyzed on differentiation and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. HOXA10 misexpression profoundly impaired myeloid differentiation with a higher yield of blast cells in liquid culture and a greater than 100-fold increased generation of blast colonies after in vitro expansion or after replating of primary colonies first plated in methylcellulose directly after transduction (P &lt; .01). Furthermore, aberrantHOXA10 expression almost completely blocked erythroid differentiation in methylcellulose (P &lt; .02).HOXA10 deregulation also severely perturbed the differentiation of human progenitors in vivo, reducing B-cell development by 70% in repopulated NOD/SCID mice and enhancing myelopoiesis in the transduced compartment. The data provide evidence that the balanced expression of HOXA10 is pivotal for normal human hematopoietic development and that aberrant expression of the gene contributes to impaired differentiation and increased proliferation of human hematopoietic progenitor cells. These results also provide a framework to initiate more detailed analyses ofHOX regulatory domains and HOX cofactors in the human system in vitro and in vivo.
Early immunophenotypical evaluation of minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia identifies different patient risk groups and may contribute to postinduction treatment stratification
Authors: San Miguel Jesús F. , Vidriales Marı́a B. , López-Berges Consuelo , Dı́az-Mediavilla Joaquı́n , Gutiérrez Norma , Cañizo Consuelo , Ramos Fernando , Calmuntia Marı́a J. , Pérez José J. , González Marcos , Orfao Alberto 
Published: July 2002

AbstractEarly response to therapy is one of the most important prognostic factors in acute leukemia. It is hypothesized that early immunophenotypical evaluation may help identify patients at high risk for relapse from those who may remain in complete remission (CR). Using multiparametric flow cytometry, the level of minimal residual disease (MRD) was evaluated in the first bone marrow (BM) in morphologic CR obtained after induction treatment from 126 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who displayed aberrant phenotypes at diagnosis. Based on MRD level, 4 different risk categories were identified: 8 patients were at very low risk (fewer than 10−4 cells), and none have relapsed thus far; 37 were at low risk (10−4 to 10−3 cells); and 64 were at intermediate risk (fewer than 10−3 to 10−2 cells), with 3-year cumulative relapse rates of 14% and 50%, respectively. The remaining 17 patients were in the high-risk group (more than 10−2 residual aberrant cells) and had a 3-year relapse rate of 84% (P = .0001). MRD level not only influences relapse-free survival but also overall survival (P = .003). The adverse prognostic impact was also observed when M3 and non-M3 patients with AML were separately analyzed, and was associated with adverse cytogenetic subtypes, 2 or more cycles to achieve CR, and high white blood cell counts. Multivariate analysis showed that MRD level was the most powerful independent prognostic factor, followed by cytogenetics and number of cycles to achieve CR. In conclusion, immunophenotypical investigation of MRD in the first BM in mCR obtained after AML induction therapy provides important information for risk assessment in patients with AML.