bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: DIE RK. VON NITROCHINOLIN MIT NATRIUMHYPOBROMITLOESUNG 2. MITT. 2‐, 4‐, 6‐ UND 8‐NITROCHINOLIN
Authors: NAGAKURA M. , OKAMOTO T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNitrochinoline reagieren mit wäßrigem Natriumhypobromit in methanolischer Kalilauge bei 37 ‐ 40°C unter Methoxylierung, Bromierung und in vielen Fällen unter Abspaltung der Nitrogruppe zu einer Vielzahl von verschiedenen Produkten, die besonders durch katalytische Hydrierung in bekannte Verbindungen umgewandelt wurden und so identifiziert werden konnten.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOCARBOSTYRILE AUS MONOMEREN UND DIMEREN BETA‐STYRYLISOCYANATEN
Authors: MIKOL G. J. , BOYER J. H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Zimtsäurechloride (I) liefern über die Azide (II) die ungesättigten Isocyanate (III), die thermisch, z.Tl. unter intermediärer Bildung von Dimeren, in die Isocarbostyrile (IVa)‐(IVc) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCYCLISIERUNGSRK. 2. MITT. SYNTH. VON IMINOAETHANOPHENANTHRIDIN‐HOMOLOGEN (MIT SIEBENGLIEDRIGEM RING)
Authors: ONG H. H. , MAY E. L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAus dem bekannten Amino‐phenoläther (Ia) entsteht das Phenol (Ib), das nach Umwandlung in das N‐Chloracetyl‐Derivat (II) photolytisch cyclisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: FUENFFACH‐KOVALENTER PHOSPHOR 4. MITT. CYCLISCHE FUENFFACH‐KOVALENTE PHOSPHORANE AUS DER RK. VON DREIWERTIGEN PHOSPHOR‐VERBINDUNGEN MIT DIMETHYLKETEN
Authors: BENTRUDE WESLEY G. , JOHNSON W. DELMAR , KHAN WAJID A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Titelreaktion von (I) mit (II) in Äthylacetat führt zu den IR‐, PMR‐ und massenspektroskopisch charakterisierten Phosphoranen (III), die vermutlich eine trigonal‐bipyramidale Struktur besitzen.
ChemInform Abstract: ZERS. VON DIAETHYLCHLOROPHOSPHAT IN GEGENWART VON METALLHALOGENIDEN
Authors: MIKULSKI C. M. , KARAYANNIS N. M. , PYTLEWSKI L. L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion des Titelphosphats mit hydratisierten Metallchloriden bei 100 bi 150°C führt unter Dechlorierung des Liganden zu den IR‐ und elektronenspektroskopisch als Polymere charakterisierten, oktaedrischen Diäthylphosphato‐ Komplexen (I), die ebenfalls aus entsprechenden Metall‐Salzen und Triäthylphosphat erhältlich sind.
ChemInform Abstract: NITRAT ALS OX.‐MITTEL BEI DER RK. VON SILBER(I)‐SALZEN MIT GRIGNARD‐REAGENZIEN
Authors: TAMURA MASUHIKO , KOCHI JAY K. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract"Die Reaktionen zwischen Äthylmagnesiumbromid und Silber(I)‐bromid, ‐acetat, ‐perchlorat,‐nitrit und ‐nitrat bzw. zwischen Methyl‐, Äthyl‐, Propyl‐, tert.‐Butyl‐, Allyl‐, Vinyl‐, Phenyl‐ und Benzylmagnesiumhalogeniden und Silber(I)‐nitrat in THF‐Lösungen in Gegenwart stickstoffhaltiger Oxidationsmittel wie z.B. Lithiumnitrat, Stickstoffdioxid und Methylnitrat werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: EISEN‐SCHWEFEL‐KOMPLEXE VON STICKSTOFF‐ UND KOHLENSTOFFMONOXID
Authors: BUETTNER HORST , FELTHAM ROBERT D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie durch Dithiocarbamat‐Liganden stabilisierten NO‐ und CO‐Fe‐Komplexe (II)‐(IV) werden synthetisiert und IR‐ sowie NMR‐spektroskopisch charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: METALL‐METALL‐WECHSELWIRKUNGEN BEI PORPHYRIN‐METALLVERBINDUNGEN 2. MITT. INNERSPAERENRED. VON TETRAPHENYLPORPHINATOEISEN(III)‐CHLORID DURCH CHROM(II) IN BENZOL
Authors: COHEN IRWIN A. , JUNG CHU , GOVERNO THOMAS 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDer mit Chlor‐36 markierte F e‐Komplex wurde durch Reaktion von u‐Oxo‐bis [tetraphenylporphinatoeisen(III)] mit H36Cl mit 98% Ausbeute dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETISCHE ANWENDBARKEIT DER RK. ZWISCHEN AZID‐IONEN UND (RU(BIPY)2(NO)X)(2+) (X=CL, NO2), DURCH SUBSTITUTION INDUZIERTE NITRO‐NITRITO‐ISOMERISIERUNG
Authors: ADEYEMI S. AJAO , MILLER FRANK J. , MEYER THOMAS J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion der NO‐Titelkomplexe (I) mit Azid‐Ionen in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln führt unter N24 und Ngü‐Eliminierung zu den Lösungsmittel‐Komplexen (IIa) und (IIb) (Ausbeute 38‐95%).
ChemInform Abstract: NATUR VON CHLORO‐TRIS‐(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHIN)‐RHODIUM IN LOESUNG UND SEINE RK. MIT WASSERSTOFF
Authors: MEAKIN P. , JESSON J. P. , TOLMAN C. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAufgrund von NMR‐ und elektronenspektroskopischen Untersuchungen werden folgende Ergebnisse erhalten: Die in Methylenchlorid gelöste Titelverbindung (I) spaltet nur geringe Mengen Triphenylphosphin ab.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. UND THERMISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG DER KOMPLEXE VON PYRAZINEN MIT PALLADIUM(II)
Authors: HOUSE J. E. JUN. , FARRAN RAMZI 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Liganden reagieren mit Pd‐Salzen in verschiedenem Molverhältnis in Benzol zu den Komplexen (I).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTORK. AN MALONSAEUREDIARYLESTERN
Authors: SCHAUR R. J. , JUNEK H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBestrahlung der Ester (I) in Cyclohexan mit einer Hg‐Tauchlampe ohne Wärmeabfuhr führt zur Cyclisierung unter Bildung der Cumarine (II), während bei der Bestrahlung von (Ia) mit gekühlter Lampe oder bei Kühlung von außen Friessehe Verschiebung unter Bildung des Esters (III) stattfindet.
Molecular Property Optimizations with Boundary Conditions through the Best First Search Scheme
Authors: De Vleeschouwer Freija , Geerlings Paul , De Proft Frank 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in applying quantum chemistry to rationally design novel compounds with some desired characteristics. Furthermore, many applications require more than one property to be optimal. In this Concept, several inverse design strategies, based on the discrete best first search scheme, are introduced that allow for the simultaneous optimization of multiple properties or the optimization of the most vital target property with constraints for secondary properties. A detailed assessment of the different optimization techniques is carried out, and special attention is paid to improve the cost efficacy and performance by tuning the process parameters. Our suggested protocol allows for a more successful optimization routine when additional boundary conditions are desired.
Spatiotemporal analysis of putative notochordal cell markers reveals CD24 and keratins 8, 18, and 19 as notochord‐specific markers during early human intervertebral disc development
Authors: Rodrigues‐Pinto Ricardo , Berry Andrew , Piper‐Hanley Karen , Hanley Neil , Richardson Stephen M. , Hoyland Judith A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn humans, the nucleus pulposus (NP) is composed of large vacuolated notochordal cells in the fetus but, soon after birth, becomes populated by smaller, chondrocyte‐like cells. Although animal studies indicate that notochord‐derived cells persist in the adult NP, the ontogeny of the adult human NP cell population is still unclear. As such, identification of unique notochordal markers is required. This study was conducted to determine the spatiotemporal expression of putative human notochordal markers to aid in the elucidation of the ontogeny of adult human NP cells. Human embryos and fetuses (3.5–18 weeks post‐conception (WPC)) were microdissected to isolate the spine anlagens (notochord and somites/sclerotome). Morphology of the developing IVD was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin. Expression of keratin (KRT) 8, KRT18, KRT19, CD24, GAL3, CD55, BASP1, CTGF, T, CD90, Tie2, and E‐cadherin was assessed using immunohistochemistry. KRT8, KRT18, KRT19 were uniquely expressed by notochordal cells at all spine levels at all stages studied; CD24 was expressed at all stages except 3.5 WPC. While GAL3, CD55, BASP1, CTGF, and T were expressed by notochordal cells at specific stages, they were also co‐expressed by sclerotomal cells. CD90, Tie2, and E‐cadherin expression was not detectable in developing human spine cells at any stage. This study has identified, for the first time, the consistent expression of KRT8, KRT18, KRT19, and CD24 as human notochord‐specific markers during early IVD development. Thus, we propose that these markers can be used to help ascertain the ontogeny of adult human NP cells. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1327–1340, 2016.
Highly bioavailable micellar curcuminoids accumulate in blood, are safe and do not reduce blood lipids and inflammation markers in moderately hyperlipidemic individuals
Authors: Kocher Alexa , Bohnert Laura , Schiborr Christina , Frank Jan 
Published: February 2016

ScopeCurcuminoids are poorly bioavailable, but potentially lipid‐ and inflammation‐lowering phytochemicals. We hypothesized that curcuminoids, when administered as a micellar formulation with hundredfold enhanced bioavailability, decrease blood lipids and inflammation in subjects with moderately elevated cholesterol and C‐reactive protein concentrations.Methods and resultsWe carried out a randomized, double‐blind, crossover study (4‐wk washout phase) with 42 subjects consuming 294 mg curcuminoids per day (as micelles) or placebo for 6 wk. At the beginning, after 3 wk and at the end (6 wk) of each intervention, we collected fasting blood samples to determine curcuminoids, blood lipids, and markers of inflammation, glucose and iron homeostasis, and liver toxicity. Daily ingestion of 98 mg micellar curcuminoids with each principal meal for as little as 3 wk resulted in fasting curcuminoid plasma concentrations of 49 nmol/L. Neither blood lipids, nor markers of inflammation, glucose and iron homeostasis, or liver enzymes differed between curcuminoid and placebo interventions.ConclusionConsumption of 98 mg of highly bioavailable curcuminoids with each principal meal sufficed to achieve curcuminoid accumulation in the blood, was safe, and did not alter blood lipids, inflammation, glucose, or iron homeostasis in healthy subjects with slightly elevated blood cholesterol and C‐reactive protein.
Applying a technology‐based system for weight loss in adults with obesity
Authors: Rogers R. J. , Lang W. , Barone Gibbs B. , Davis K. K. , Burke L. E. , Kovacs S. J. , Portzer L. A. , Jakicic J. M. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare an in‐person, group‐based behavioral weight loss intervention to technology‐based interventions in adults with obesity.MethodsAdults (N = 39; body mass index: 39.5 ± 2.8 kg m−2; age: 39.9 ± 11.5 years) participated in a 6‐month program with randomization to one of three intervention groups: standard behavioral weight loss, a technology‐based system combined with a monthly intervention telephone call (TECH) or an enhanced technology‐based system combined with a monthly intervention telephone call (EN‐TECH). All groups were prescribed an energy‐restricted diet and physical activity. Assessments occurred at 0, 3 and 6 months. Separate mixed‐effects models using unstructured dependence structure were fit to the outcomes.ResultsWeight loss (least square means ± standard error) at 6 months was −6.57 ± 1.65 kg in standard behavioral weight loss, −5.18 ± 1.72 kg in TECH and −6.25 ± 1.95 kg in EN‐TECH (p‐value for time effect ≤ 0.0001). A similar pattern was observed for change in body mass index, waist circumference and percent body fat. There was a decrease in total energy intake (p = 0.0005) and percent dietary fat intake (p = 0.0172), and physical activity increased (p = 0.0003).ConclusionsFindings provide initial information on the use of technology‐based interventions that include wearable devices combined with brief monthly telephone calls for weight loss in adults with obesity.
Gemini Surfactants with Polymethylene Spacer: Supramolecular Structures at Solid Surface and Aggregation in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Pisárčik Martin , Jampílek Josef , Devínsky Ferdinand , Drábiková Juliána , Tkacz Jakub , Opravil Tomáš 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAggregation of α,ω‐bisammonium cationic gemini surfactants with a variable polymethylene spacer and two dodecyl chains has been studied on a solid surface and in aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering with the time‐resolved fluorescence quenching technique were used for the experiments on the solid surface and in aqueous solution, respectively. As the results from the scanning electron microscopy indicate, the morphology of supramolecular structures of gemini surfactants at the solid surface depends on the spacer length. In aqueous solution, gemini surfactants with spacers consisting of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 CH2 groups form spherical micelles with diameters between 2 and 3.5 nm. Micelles of gemini surfactant with a short ethylene spacer show an increase in size up to 13 nm at the maximum concentration investigated. The aggregation number of micelles determined by time resolved fluorescence quenching was found to be in the range 14–25 for the spacer lengths from 6 to 12 CH2 groups with only a moderate increase with surfactant concentration. For micelles of gemini surfactants with the short ethylene spacer, the increase of the aggregation number up to 50 at the maximum concentration was observed. The findings support micellar growth of gemini surfactants with short ethylene spacer.
Increased expression of long noncoding RNA TUG1 predicts a poor prognosis of gastric cancer and regulates cell proliferation by epigenetically silencing of p57
Authors: Zhang E , He X , Yin D , Han L , Qiu M , Xu T , Xia R , Xu L , Yin R , De W 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecent evidence highlights long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as crucial regulators of cancer biology that contribute to tumorigenesis. LncRNA TUG1 was initially detected in a genomic screen for genes upregulated in response to taurine treatment in developing mouse retinal cells. Our previous study showed that TUG1 could affect cell proliferation through epigenetically regulating HOXB7 in human non-small cell lung cancer. However, the clinical significance and potential role of TUG1 in GC remains unclear. In this study, we found that TUG1 is significantly increased and is correlated with outcomes in gastric cancer (GC). Further experiments revealed that knockdown of TUG1 repressed GC proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations showed that TUG1 has a key role in G0/G1 arrest. We further demonstrated that TUG1 was associated with PRC2 and that this association was required for epigenetic repression of cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitors, including p15, p16, p21, p27 and p57, thus contributing to the regulation of GC cell cycle and proliferation. Together, our results suggest that TUG1, as a regulator of proliferation, may serve as a candidate prognostic biomarker and target for new therapies in human GC.
Sparse deconvolution of high-density super-resolution images
Authors: Hugelier Siewert , de Rooi Johan J. , Bernex Romain , Duwé Sam , Devos Olivier , Sliwa Michel , Dedecker Peter , Eilers Paul H. C. , Ruckebusch Cyril 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn wide-field super-resolution microscopy, investigating the nanoscale structure of cellular processes, and resolving fast dynamics and morphological changes in cells requires algorithms capable of working with a high-density of emissive fluorophores. Current deconvolution algorithms estimate fluorophore density by using representations of the signal that promote sparsity of the super-resolution images via an L1-norm penalty. This penalty imposes a restriction on the sum of absolute values of the estimates of emitter brightness. By implementing an L0-norm penalty – on the number of fluorophores rather than on their overall brightness – we present a penalized regression approach that can work at high-density and allows fast super-resolution imaging. We validated our approach on simulated images with densities up to 15 emitters per μm-2and investigated total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) data of mitochondria in a HEK293-T cell labeled with DAKAP-Dronpa. We demonstrated super-resolution imaging of the dynamics with a resolution down to 55 nm and a 0.5 s time sampling.
Imaging trace element distributions in single organelles and subcellular features
Authors: Kashiv Yoav , Austin Jotham R. , Lai Barry , Rose Volker , Vogt Stefan , El-Muayed Malek 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe distributions of chemical elements within cells are of prime importance in a wide range of basic and applied biochemical research. An example is the role of the subcellular Zn distribution in Zn homeostasis in insulin producing pancreatic beta cells and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We combined transmission electron microscopy with micro- and nano-synchrotron X-ray fluorescence to image unequivocally for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the natural elemental distributions, including those of trace elements, in single organelles and other subcellular features. Detected elements include Cl, K, Ca, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd (which some cells were supplemented with). Cell samples were prepared by a technique that minimally affects the natural elemental concentrations and distributions and without using fluorescent indicators. It could likely be applied to all cell types and provide new biochemical insights at the single organelle level not available from organelle population level studies.
Mineral resources prospecting by synthetic application of TM/ETM+, Quickbird and Hyperion data in the Hatu area, West Junggar, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhou Jun , Jiang Dong , Zhuang Dafang , Mansaray Lamin R. , Hu Zhijun , Ji Zhengbao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Hatu area, West Junggar, Xinjiang, China, is situated at a potential gold-copper mineralization zone in association with quartz veins and small granitic intrusions. In order to identify the alteration zones and mineralization occurrences in this area, the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+), Quickbird, Hyperion data and laboratory measured spectra were combined in identifying structures, alteration zones, quartz veins and small intrusions. The hue-saturation-intensity (HSI) color model transformation was applied to transform principal component analysis (PCA) combinations from R (Red), G (Green) and B (Blue) to HSI space to enhance faults. To wipe out the interference of the noise, a method, integrating Crosta technique and anomaly-overlaying selection, was proposed and implemented. Both Jet Propulsion Laboratory Spectral Library spectra and laboratory-measured spectra, combining with matched filtering method, were used to process Hyperion data. In addition, high-resolution Quickbird data were used for unraveling the quartz veins and small intrusions along the alteration zones. The Baobei fault and a SW-NE-oriented alteration zone were identified for the first time. This study eventually led to the discovery of four weak gold-copper mineralized locations through ground inspection and brought new geological knowledge of the region’s metallogeny.
Intact perception but abnormal orientation towards face-like objects in young children with ASD
Authors: Guillon Quentin , Rogé Bernadette , Afzali Mohammad H. , Baduel Sophie , Kruck Jeanne , Hadjikhani Nouchine 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThere is ample behavioral evidence of diminished orientation towards faces as well as the presence of face perception impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the underlying mechanisms of these deficits are still unclear. We used face-like object stimuli that have been shown to evoke pareidolia in typically developing (TD) individuals to test the effect of a global face-like configuration on orientation and perceptual processes in young children with ASD and age-matched TD controls. We show that TD children were more likely to look first towards upright face-like objects than children with ASD, showing that a global face-like configuration elicit a stronger orientation bias in TD children as compared to children with ASD. However, once they were looking at the stimuli, both groups spent more time exploring the upright face-like object, suggesting that they both perceived it as a face. Our results are in agreement with abnormal social orienting in ASD, possibly due to an abnormal tuning of the subcortical pathway, leading to poor orienting and attention towards faces. Our results also indicate that young children with ASD can perceive a generic face holistically, such as face-like objects, further demonstrating holistic processing of faces in ASD.
Tectonic calibrations in molecular dating
Authors: Kodandaramaiah Ullasa 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Molecular dating techniques require the use of calibrations, which are usually fossil or geological vicariance-based. Fossil calibrations have been criticised because they result only in minimum age estimates. Based on a historical biogeographic perspective, I suggest that vicariance-based calibrations are more dangerous. Almost all analytical methods in historical biogeography are strongly biased towards inferring vicariance, hence vicariance identified through such methods is unreliable. Other studies, especially of groups found on Gondwanan fragments, have simply assumed vicariance. Although it was previously believed that vicariance was the predominant mode of speciation, mounting evidence now indicates that speciation by dispersal is common, dominating vicariance in several groups. Moreover, the possibility of speciation having occurred before the said geological event cannot be precluded. Thus, geological calibrations can under- or overestimate times, whereas fossil calibrations always result in minimum estimates. Another major drawback of vicariant calibrations is the problem of circular reasoning when the resulting estimates are used to infer ages of biogeographic events. I argue that fossil-based dating is a superior alternative to vicariance, primarily because the strongest assumption in the latter, that speciation was caused by the said geological process, is more often than not the most tenuous. When authors prefer to use a combination of fossil and vicariant calibrations, one suggestion is to report results both with and without inclusion of the geological constraints. Relying solely on vicariant calibrations should be strictly avoided.
Seasonal changes in group size and composition of Arabian sand gazelle Gazella subgutturosa marica Thomas, 1897 during a period of drought in central western Saudi Arabia
Authors: Cunningham Peter Low , Wronski Torsten 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Group size variations of the Arabian sand gazelle Gazella subgutturosa marica were studied during a period of drought at the Mahazat as-Sayd Protected Area in central western Saudi Arabia. Significant differences in median group sizes were observed between all seasons except summer. Single animals were observed mainly during summer while group sizes exceeding 10 individuals were observed mainly during winter. Solitary male and female groups were typically observed during winter and mixed groups mainly during the autumn rutting period. Most mixed groups were two to four times larger during winter than summer. The adult sex ratio (male: female) for all seasons combined was in parity and highest during autumn (1:1.23), probably as a result of prolonged drought conditions. The variability in group structure related to environmental conditions may be one factor permitting G. s. marica to adapt to hyper-arid habitats and climatic regimes in central western Saudi Arabia. The value of continuous monitoring of the gazelle population is emphasised for this drought prone region.