bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing Students' First Placement: Peripherality and Marginality Within the Community of Practice
Authors: Molesworth Mark 
Published: January 2017

Background:
A nursing student's first placement is a significant and influential experience that can be a factor in attrition from nursing education programs.

Method:
The first placement experiences of 17 nursing students at a Scottish university were collected through semistructured individual interviews or focus groups. The resultant transcripts were analyzed from the perspective of communities of practice using deductive content analysis.

Results:
Students' peripheral position within the communities of practice they encounter on placement can support learning. However, it can also leave them at risk of marginalization, which may have a detrimental effect on their emerging identity as nursing students. The central roles of mentors and liaison lecturers in supporting student participation within the community of practice are apparent.

Conclusion:

Student experiences of peripherality and marginality highlight opportunities for practice settings and universities to better prepare and support students during their first placement. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(1):31–38.]
A comparison of modified free‐space (MFS), GPR, and TDR techniques for permittivity characterisation of unbound granular pavement materials
Authors: Muller Wayne B. , Bhuyan Habibullah , Scheuermann Alexander 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on a laboratory experiment comparing permittivity measurements using a modified free‐space approach to results using common‐offset ground‐penetrating radar and time‐domain reflectometry on moist and compacted samples of unbound granular road pavement materials. In the first part of the experiment, unbound granular samples from the same source were prepared to varying moisture contents and a fixed target density. Separate samples were prepared for modified free‐space and time‐domain reflectometry testing, all of which were also measured using ground‐penetrating radar. In the second part of the experiment, samples were mixed to a consistent gravimetric moisture content and varying densities before undertaking the modified free‐space, time‐domain reflectometry, and ground‐penetrating radar measurements. Reasonably good agreement was found between modified free‐space and ground‐penetrating radar measurements, which also compared well with literature relations for crushed rock pavement materials. The time‐domain reflectometry results were relatively consistent with those literature relations, although they appeared to deviate from the ground‐penetrating radar and trend of modified free‐space results for lower density and drier samples.
Using machine learning algorithms to link volumetric water content to complex dielectric permittivity in a wide (33–2000 MHz) frequency band for hydraulic concretes
Authors: Ihamouten Amine , Le Bastard Cédric , Xavier Dérobert , Bosc Frederic , Villain Géraldine 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the development and validation of an innovative method for estimating volumetric water content in concrete mixtures. A supervised learning method (support vector machine) has been used to resolve the inverse problem, i.e., generate in‐laboratory calibration curves correlating the controlled water content in various concrete mixtures with the frequency‐dependent complex dielectric permittivity originating from the coaxial electromagnetic transition line. An extrapolation procedure using a frequency‐power‐law model has been developed and validated for estimating the complex permittivity over a broad frequency bandwidth. Implementation of this extrapolation method allows considering various physical phenomena (i.e., polarisation versus water content) that typically affect the dielectric behaviour of concrete as a function of frequency. The two‐step estimation procedure (involving extrapolation and support vector regression methods) proposed in this paper has been validated on a wide array of moisture‐controlled concrete specimens in the laboratory. The procedure helps building calibration curves that rely on both complex effective permittivity and volumetric water content, taking into consideration the frequency dependence.
Aetiology of Traumatic Tympanic Membrane Perforation in Ratnapura
Authors: Perera M. C. , Muruthaghapitiya M. G. P. K. , Kalupahana K. M. S. N. , Madalagama U. M. A. P. , Ekanayake W. E. M. P. L. , Perera M. P. A. H. 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionTympanic membrane perforation is a condition as old as the human species. It is a common presentation in an E.N.T. unit and a frequent cause of morbidity. ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to profile the etiological factors of Traumatic Tympanic Membrane perforation occurring in Ratnapura. MethodA descriptive, prospective serial study was done at General Hospital Ratnapura. We analysed patients with tympanic membrane perforation during the study period of 6 months which started from 1st April 2015. ResultsFifty-two (52) cases of traumatic tympanic perforations were seen. There were 21(40.4%) females and 31(59.6%) males. The mean age of younger patients (<20yrs) was 15years (STD 4) and in adults (>=20yrs) it was 35yrs (STD 9.8). The commonest aetiology was due to blows to the ear (74.3%) and it commonly affects the left ear (80.8%) of the victim. The commonest symptom was hearing impairment (31%). Majority of the affected adults were females (51.4%) and the source of blow was the husband (64.3%). Conclusion and RecommendationsTraumatic Tympanic membrane perforation is a common presentation. Educating school going children and taking steps to change social attitudes against violence especially against women may help to reduce incidence of Traumatic Tympanic membrane perforation.
Patient profile, indications, complications and evaluation of septoplasty outcome in a base hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rubasinghe M. S. , De Silva M. D. K. , Wanasinghe W. M. S. C. L. , De Livera R. J. K. , Wimalaratna T. P. S. K. 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionA large percentage of the population has some degree of deviated nasal septum causing symptoms of nasal obstruction. Nasal septoplasty is the surgery of choice for symptomatic nasal septal deviations. ObjectiveTo describe the patient profile, indications, complications and evaluation of septoplasty outcome using Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale. (NOSE) Method:Interviewer administered questionnaire and data collection sheet were the study instruments used for prospective (30 subjects) and retrospective (35 subjects) components respectively. ResultsTwo thirds of the patients were in the 16-30 age group, 42% females and 48% males. 35% had a history of nasal trauma. 53% presented with allergic rhinitis and 20% with turbinate hypertrophy. More than 2/3rd presented with deviations in the Cephalic septum and S Shaped septum. 84% had dislocation from the maxillary crest. More than 90% of the subjects underwent, quadrangular cartilage trimming, vomer removal, perpendicular plate of ethmoid removal and maxillary Crest gouge. Plastic splints were used in 73% of the subjects and antibiotic was used in 26%. No septal perforations, infections or bleeding was reported from any of the 65 subjects. Pre and Post-operative (at 3 months), NOSE score was Mean 9.46; SD 4.36 and Mean 0.53; SD 0.97 respectively. When t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means was calculated t stat was 11.7153, while t critical two tail value was 2.0452 indicating that there is a statistically significant difference between the two means (p=0.05). ConclusionSeptoplasty gave good results with minimum complications, resulting in significant improvement in disease specific quality of life.
Selectivity of Human TLR9 for Double CpG Motifs and Implications for the Recognition of Genomic DNA
Authors: Pohar Jelka , Yamamoto Chikako , Fukui Ryutaro , Cajnko Miša-Mojca , Miyake Kensuke , Jerala Roman , Benčina Mojca 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
TLR9 acts as a first-line host defense against pathogens recognizing DNA comprising unmethylated CpG motifs present in bacteria and viruses. Species- and sequence-specific recognition differences were demonstrated for TLR9 receptors. Activation of human (h)TLR9 requires a pair of closely positioned CpG motifs within oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs), whereas mouse TLR9 is effectively activated by an ODN with a single CpG motif. Molecular model-directed mutagenesis identified two regions, site A and site B, as important for receptor activation. Amino acid residues Gln346 and Arg348 within site A contribute to the sequence-specific recognition by hTLR9 in determining the bias for two appropriately spaced CpG motifs within immunostimulatory ODNs. Mutation of Gln562 at site B, in combination with Gln346 and Arg348 mutations of mouse counterparts, increased activation of hTLR9 by mouse-specific ODN, mammalian genomic DNA, and bacterial DNA. We propose that the double CpG motif sequence-specificity of hTLR9 results in decreased activation by ODNs with a lower frequency of CpG motifs, such as from mammalian genomic DNA, which increases hTLR9 selectivity for pathogen versus host DNA.
Human Dendritic Cell–Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Are Not Immunogenic
Authors: Chhabra Arvind , Chen I-Ping , Batra Deepika 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Donor-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can be used to generate desired cell types, including naive immune effectors, for the treatment of different diseases. However, a greater understanding of the inherent immunogenicity of human iPSC and their cellular derivatives is needed for the development of safe and effective cell-replacement therapies, given that studies in mouse models claimed that the syngenic mouse iPSC lines can be immunogenic. We report the characterization of the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in human iPSC lines derived from peripheral blood–derived dendritic cells using a nonintegrating RNA virus, Sendai virus. We show that these iPSC lines express mRNA of TLR molecules and the Ag-presentation pathway intermediates; however, these mRNA are not translated into functional proteins, and these iPSC lines do not induce TLR-mediated inflammatory cytokine responses or inflammasome activation. We also show that these iPSC lines do not activate T cells in an allogenic MLR; however, they express low levels of MHC class I molecules that can efficiently acquire antigenic peptides from their microenvironment and present them to Ag-specific T cells. In addition, we show that these iPSC lines can be efficiently differentiated into hematopoietic stem cell precursors, as well as APC, under appropriate culture conditions. Taken together, our data show that the dedifferentiation of human dendritic cells effectively shuts down their immunogenic pathways and implicates transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms in this process.
The Effects of School‐Based Social Information Processing Interventions on Aggressive Behavior, Part II: Selected/Indicated Pull‐Out Programs
Authors: Wilson Sandra Jo , Lipsey Mark W. 
Published: January 2017

This Campbell systematic review examines the effects of school‐based social information processing interventions on the aggressive and disruptive behavior of school‐age children specifically targeted for attention because they are judged to be at risk for such behavior (selected) or already engaged in early versions of such behavior (indicated). Program effects are examined overall and in relation to methodological and substantive differences across studies.The search strategy identified 68 eligible reports, which reported the results of 47 unique research studies.The researchers conclude that children who participate in this type of education programme exhibit less aggressive and disruptive behaviour than children who do not participate.
Processes controlling the seasonal variations in 210Pb and 7Be at the Mt. Cimone WMO-GAW global station, Italy: a model analysis
Authors: Brattich Erika , Liu Hongyu , Tositti Laura , Considine David B. , Crawford James H. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. We apply the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry and transport model driven by NASA's MERRA assimilated meteorological data to simulate the seasonal variations in two radionuclide aerosol tracers (terrigenous 210Pb and cosmogenic 7Be) at the WMO-GAW station of Mt. Cimone (44°12′ N, 10°42′ E; 2165 m a.s.l.; Italy), which is representative of free-tropospheric conditions most of the year, during 2005 with an aim to understand the roles of transport and precipitation scavenging processes in controlling their seasonality. The total precipitation field in the MERRA data set is evaluated with the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) observations, and generally good agreement is found. The model reproduces reasonably the observed seasonal pattern of 210Pb concentrations, characterized by a wintertime minimum due to lower 222Rn emissions and weaker uplift from the boundary layer and summertime maxima resulting from strong convection over the continent. The observed seasonal behavior of 7Be concentrations shows a winter minimum, a summer maximum, and a secondary spring maximum. The model captures the observed 7Be pattern in winter–spring, which is linked to the larger stratospheric influence during spring. However, the model tends to underestimate the observed 7Be concentrations in summer, partially due to the sensitivity to spatial sampling in the model. Model sensitivity experiments indicate a dominant role of precipitation scavenging (vs. dry deposition and convection) in controlling the seasonality of 210Pb and 7Be concentrations at Mt. Cimone.
Evidence of a significant rotational non-LTE effect in the CO2 4.3 µm PFS-MEX limb spectra
Authors: Kutepov Alexander A. , Rezac Ladislav , Feofilov Artem G. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Since January 2004, the planetary Fourier spectrometer (PFS) on board the Mars Express satellite has been recording near-infrared limb spectra of high quality up to the tangent altitudes ≈ 150 km, with potential information on density and thermal structure of the upper Martian atmosphere. We present first results of our modeling of the PFS short wavelength channel (SWC) daytime limb spectra for the altitude region above 90 km. We applied a ro-vibrational non-LTE model based on the stellar astrophysics technique of accelerated lambda iteration (ALI) to solve the multi-species and multi-level CO2 problem in the Martian atmosphere. We show that the long-standing discrepancy between observed and calculated spectra in the cores and wings of 4.3 µm region is explained by the non-thermal rotational distribution of molecules in the upper vibrational states 10011 and 10012 of the CO2 main isotope second hot (SH) bands above 90 km altitude. The redistribution of SH band intensities from band branch cores into their wings is caused (a) by intensive production of the CO2 molecules in rotational states with j > 30 due to the absorption of solar radiation in optically thin wings of 2.7 µm bands and (b) by a short radiative lifetime of excited molecules, which is insufficient at altitudes above 90 km for collisions to maintain rotation of excited molecules thermalized. Implications for developing operational algorithms for massive processing of PFS and other instrument limb observations are discussed.
Salt tolerance's toll: prolonged exposure to saline water inflicts damage to the blood cells of dice snakes (&lt;i&gt;Natrix tessellata&lt;/i&gt;)
Authors: Koleva Vanya , Kornilev Yurii , Telenchev Ivan , Lukanov Simeon , Hristova Berna , Natchev Nikolay 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Dice snakes (Natrix tessellata, Laurenti, 1768) inhabit oligohaline and brackish waters along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, where they often forage at sea. Under these conditions, this species should tolerate highly variable blood plasma sodium concentrations for extended time periods, but the effect of high sodium concentrations to blood cell morphology and physiology is largely unknown. In this experiment, we placed adult dice snakes in waters with different salinity for 84 h, representing the three typical saline concentrations in which dice snakes live and forage: 0.2 ‰ NaCl, fresh water, 16 ‰ NaCl, Black Sea water and 36 ‰ NaCl, World Ocean water. We collected blood through cardiocentesis after exposure to each treatment and used Giemsa's solution for staining the formed elements. We registered numerous nuclear abnormalities (nuclear buds, lobes and blebs) in the blood cells of all investigated specimens. In the snakes placed in the waters with high saline concentration (16 and 36 ‰ NaCl) we found numerous cells with ruptured membranes. These snakes also showed increased mitochondrial activity compared to those in fresh water (1.85 and 2.53 times higher, respectively). Our data suggest that even though dice snakes show a remarkable tolerance to waters with increased salinity, prolonged exposure to it induces significant physiological stress in N. tessellata, which poses a clear limit for their ability to stay in the sea for a long time.
Teaching Factoring Quadratics Using the Generic Rectangle for Sophomore Students
Authors: Sandoval Martínez Manuel , Avalos Maricela García , Palacios Gerardo E Sepúlveda , Rodríguez Carmen del Pilar Suárez 
Published: January 2017

Results about a mathematical tool, called Generic Rectangle (GR), applied in a preparatory course in order to resolve algebraic problems such as multiplying binomials and factoring quadratics are shown. Such tool was used in the “introduction to engineering” subject at Universidad Politécnica del Golfo de Mexico (UPGM); up to 2014, this subject’s failure rate was very high (near 60%) in which traditional teaching method was used. After some curricular changes, including GR tool adopted in class, several objectives such as failure rate decrease (60% to 15%), notably motivation and enhancement increase (Likert’s test), and development of logic-mathematics reasoning, among others, could be reached. Results in 2015 indicates that 84% of population solved properly the final exam using GR; but regarding to those who worked with traditional method, just 25% of population obtained satisfactory results (2014); it means that GR is a better tool than traditional teaching method. Likert’s test results indicate that students developed a strong positive attitude when they work with GR, however attitude of students who used traditional teaching method were strong negative.
Validated Chromatographic Methods for the Analysis of Two Binary Mixtures Containing Pyridoxine Hydrochloride
Authors: Habib Neven M , Abdelrahman Maha M , Abdelwhab Nada S , Ali Nourudin W 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Accurate and precise TLC-densitometric and HPLC–diode-array detector (DAD) methods have been developed and validated to resolve two binary mixtures containing pyridoxine hydrochloride (PYH) with either cyclizine hydrochloride (CYH) or meclizine hydrochloride (MEH). In the developed TLC-densitometric method, chromatographic separation of the three studied drugs was carried out on silica gel 60 F254 plates using a developing system containing methylene chloride + acetone + methanol (7 + 1 + 0.5, v/v/v) scanning separated bands at 220 nm. Beer–Lambert law was obeyed in the ranges of 0.2–5, 0.2–4, and 0.2–4 µg/band for PYH, CYH, and MEH, respectively. On the other hand, the developed HPLC–DAD method depended on chromatographic separation on a Zorbax Eclipse C18 column using methanol–KH2PO4 (0.05 M; 90 + 10, v/v; pH 5, with H3PO4 and KOH) as the mobile phase, a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and UV scanning at 220 nm. A linear relationship was obtained between the integrated peak area and the concentration in the ranges of 10–50, 10–50, and 7–50 µg/mL for PYH, CYH, and MEH, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of thecited drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations. Statistical comparison with the reported methods using Student's t- and F-tests found there were no significant differences between the proposed and reported methods for accuracy and precision.
Description of the first Palaearctic species of Tineobius Ashmead, 1896 with DNA data, a checklist of world species, and nomenclatural changes in Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)
Authors: Fusu Lucian , Ribes Antoni 
Published: January 2017

Tineobius (Tineobius) tamaricis Ribes & Fusu sp. nov. is newly described from Parapodia sinaica (Frauenfeld, 1859) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) galls from Catalonia in Spain. This is the first record of the so far Palaeotropical genus Tineobius Ashmead, 1896 in the Palaearctic region. Basic biological data and a DNA barcode are provided for the new species. Parapodia sinaica (the host of T. tamaricis sp. nov.) is reported for the first time to form galls on Tamarix canariensis (Willd). A checklist of described world Tineobius species is provided, with nine species formally transferred to Tineobius from Anastatoidea Gahan, 1927 and thirteen species newly assigned to T. (Tineobius). Metapelma seyrigi (Risbec, 1952) is transferred to Tineobius and the replacement name Tineobius (Tineobius) madagascariensis nom. nov. is proposed, as the name is preoccupied by Tineobius (Tineobius) seyrigi (Ferrière, 1938) comb. nov.; Tineobius (Tineobius) albopalpalis (Brues, 1907) comb. nov. is transferred from Charitopus Förster, 1856 (a genus in Encyrtidae). One species is transferred from Anastatoidea to Eupelmus Dalman, 1820 as Eupelmus (Episolindelia) ambatomangae (Risbec, 1958) comb. nov.
<b> VIOLÊNCIA E VULNERABILIDADE: UM PANORAMA DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA </b>
Authors: Budó Maria de Lourdes Denardin , Silva Silvana De Oliveira , Schimith Maria Denise , Rossato Mariane , Rosa Adonias Santos da , Zimmermann Letícia Pieniz , Potter Clarissa , Batista Pâmela Almeida , Silva Silvana Cruz da 
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: O estudo exploratório, descritivo e bibliográfico objetivou investigar qual a produção do conhecimento científico sobre o tema violência e vulnerabilidade tendo em vista ser um assunto ainda pouco explorado na área da saúde. Método: Foi realizada uma pesquisa sistematizada nas bases de dados da BIREME no mês de junho do ano de dois mil e nove, com os descritores violência e vulnerabilidade nos últimos dez anos, sendo utilizado o método integrado. Resultado: Após a seleção, restaram quinze artigos os quais foram lidos na íntegra e posteriormente analisados quanto aos aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos. Desse estudo, emergiram duas categorias: estado e contexto social como geradores de violência e vulnerabilidade; e implicações da violência e vulnerabilidade nos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: A pesquisa revelou que ainda existem poucas produções acerca da temática em questão, diante de sua relevância e repercussões para a sociedade, sendo necessário ampliar os conhecimentos por meio de estudos de cunho qualitativos. Descritores: Enfermagem; Violência; Vulnerabilidade. Objective: The exploratory, descriptive and bibliographic study, purposed to investigate what is the scientific knowledge production about the violence and vulnerability thematic, because it has been a target of studies that is still not much explored in the health area. Method: It was realized a systematized research at the dado's base of BIREME on the month of June of the year two thousand and nine, with the describer of violence and vulnerability in the last ten years, was used the integrated method. Result: After the selection was left fifteen articles which were read in its totality and afterward analyzed its qualitative and quantitative aspects. From this study emerged two categories: State and Social Context as generators of violence, vulnerability; violence implications and health service vulnerability. Conclusion: The research revealed that still exist few productions about the thematic in question, before its relevance and repercussion to the society, being necessary to amplify the knowledge's by studies with a qualitative matrix. Describers: Nursing; Violence; Vulnerability.