bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology of the sacral region and reproductive strategies of Metriorhynchidae: a counter-inductive approach
Authors: Herrera Yanina , Fernández Marta S. , Lamas Susana G. , Campos Lisandro , Talevi Marianella , Gasparini Zulma 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTMorphological and physiological features indicate Metriorhynchidae as the only group of crocodylomorphs with a pelagic lifestyle. Some of these features have evolved convergently in several clades of tetrapods secondarily adapted to aquatic life. One striking feature of metriorhynchids as compared to other crocodylomorphs is the morphology of the pelvic region (i.e., ventrally deflected sacral ribs and reduced pelvic girdle), which increases significantly the depth of this region. This morphology, as a whole, resembles that of other viviparous Mesozoic marine reptiles not phylogenetically related to metriorhynchids. We tested two alternative hypotheses of reproductive strategies in this clade: oviparityvs. viviparity. Given the lack of direct evidence supporting one or the other, we explored the use of evidence that may disconfirm either of these hypotheses. Using this counter-inductive approach, we found no cases contradicting viviparity in metriorhynchids, except for their phylogenetic position as archosaurs. A survey of reproductive modes amongst amniotes depicts the evolutionary plasticity of the transition to viviparity, and a widespread occurrence among tetrapods secondarily adapted to a marine life. Assuming oviparity for metriorhynchids implies egg-laying out of the water. However, their postcranial morphology (i.e., features of fore and hind limbs, pelvic girdle, and tail) contradicts this possibility. In this context, we rejected oviparity for metriorhynchids.
Constructional morphology of the shell/ligament system in opisthogyrate rostrate bivalves
Authors: Echevarría J. , Damborenea S. E. , Manceñido M. O. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe bivalve ligament provides the thrust for shell opening, acting as the resistance in a lever system against which adductor muscle effort is applied. Usually, its outer lamellar layer is subjected to tensile stress, while the inner fibrous layer is compressed, with the pivotal axis located between them. However, opisthogyrate rostrate bivalves display a concave dorsal margin, and both the umbo and the postero-dorsal angle of the shell project dorsally to the ligament, which then fails to act as pivotal axis. Three opisthogyrate rostrate genera of unrelated lineages show somewhat different solutions to this morpho-functional challenge. InCuspidaria(Anomalodesmata), the ligament is internal, subjected only to compression and ventral to the pivotal axis, a thickened periostracum develops, forcing the dorsal margins of the valves to act as pivotal axis, and the posterior parts of the shell's dorsal margins gape dorsally. InNuculana(Palaeotaxodonta), the inner layer of the ligament is internal, the outer layer is external but reduced, and some species develop a dorsal ridge parallel to the commissural plane, on a level with the rostrum and acting as pivotal axis. InPterotrigonia(Palaeoheterodonta) and other rostrate trigoniides, the ligament is external opisthodetic, but is allometrically reduced. Trigoniides may also develop a dorsal ridge.
Anstrengungsvermeider: Lustlos oder hilflos? Eine latente Profilanalyse
Authors: Lintorf Katrin , Buch Susanne R. , Sparfeldt Jörn R. , Rost Detlef H. 
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung. Das Konstrukt „Anstrengungsvermeidung“ ( Rollett & Bartram, 1998 ) geht mit ungünstigen Ausprägungen in motivationalen, affektiven sowie kognitiven Merkmalen einher. Zudem sollen sich zwei Anstrengungsvermeidungstypen abgrenzen lassen. Bislang existieren jedoch nur wenige Belege für die Unterscheidbarkeit verschiedener Typen. Anhand einer Gymnasialstichprobe (N = 1079; 8./9. Klassenstufe) wurde untersucht, ob sich unter Berücksichtigung kognitiver, motivationaler und affektiver Merkmale (zwei) Anstrengungsvermeidungsgruppen differenzieren und validieren lassen. Latente Profilanalysen sprachen für drei oder vier Klassen. Die Drei-Klassen-Lösung zeigte im Wesentlichen niveauverschiedene Profile. Die Vier-Klassen-Lösung ergab zwei Klassen mit durchschnittlichen bzw. unterdurchschnittlichen Anstrengungsvermeidungswerten („Unauffällige“ bzw. „Mustergültige“). Zudem resultierten zwei Anstrengungsvermeidungsklassen mit jeweils ungünstigen Profilen in den Analyse- und Validierungsvariablen. Sie unterscheiden sich weniger in der Ausprägung kognitiver, sondern eher in der Ausprägung motivationaler wie affektiver Merkmale („Desinteressierte“ vs. „Ängstliche“). Die Befunde werden vor dem Hintergrund differenzieller Interventionsansatzpunkte diskutiert.
Modular architecture for fully non-blocking silicon photonic switch fabric
Authors: Nikolova Dessislava , Calhoun David M. , Liu Yang , Rumley Sébastien , Novack Ari , Baehr-Jones Tom , Hochberg Michael , Bergman Keren 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntegrated photonics offers the possibility of compact, low energy, bandwidth-dense interconnects for large port count spatial optical switches, facilitating flexible and energy efficient data movement in future data communications systems. To achieve widespread adoption, intimate integration with electronics has to be possible, requiring switch design using standard microelectronic foundry processes and available devices. We report on the feasibility of a switch fabric comprised of ubiquitous silicon photonic building blocks, opening the possibility to combine technologies, and materials towards a new path for switch fabric design. Rather than focus on integrating all devices on a single silicon chip die to achieve large port count optical switching, this work shifts the focus towards innovative packaging and integration schemes. In this work, we demonstrate 1×8 and 8×1 microring-based silicon photonic switch building blocks with software control, providing the feasibility of a full 8×8 architecture composed of silicon photonic building blocks. The proposed switch is fully non-blocking, has path-independent insertion loss, low crosstalk, and is straightforward to control. We further analyze this architecture and compare it with other common switching architectures for varying underlying technologies and radices, showing that the proposed architecture favorably scales to very large port counts when considering both crosstalk and architectural footprint. Separating a switch fabric into functional building blocks via multiple photonic integrated circuits offers the advantage of piece-wise manufacturing, packaging, and assembly, potentially reducing the number of optical I/O and electrical contacts on a single die.
Sox17 drives functional engraftment of endothelium converted from non-vascular cells
Authors: Schachterle William , Badwe Chaitanya R. , Palikuqi Brisa , Kunar Balvir , Ginsberg Michael , Lis Raphael , Yokoyama Masataka , Elemento Olivier , Scandura Joseph M. , Rafii Shahin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTransplanting vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to support metabolism and express regenerative paracrine factors is a strategy to treat vasculopathies and to promote tissue regeneration. However, transplantation strategies have been challenging to develop, because ECs are difficult to culture and little is known about how to direct them to stably integrate into vasculature. Here we show that only amniotic cells could convert to cells that maintain EC gene expression. Even so, these converted cells perform sub-optimally in transplantation studies. Constitutive Akt signalling increases expression of EC morphogenesis genes, including Sox17, shifts the genomic targeting of Fli1 to favour nearby Sox consensus sites and enhances the vascular function of converted cells. Enforced expression of Sox17 increases expression of morphogenesis genes and promotes integration of transplanted converted cells into injured vessels. Thus, Ets transcription factors specify non-vascular, amniotic cells to EC-like cells, whereas Sox17 expression is required to confer EC function.
The β-TrCP-FBXW2-SKP2 axis regulates lung cancer cell growth with FBXW2 acting as a tumour suppressor
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhou Weihua , Yang Fei , Chen Guoan , Li Haomin , Zhao Yongchao , Liu Pengyuan , Li Hua , Tan Mingjia , Xiong Xiufang , Sun Yi 
Published: January 2017

Abstractβ-TrCP and SKP2 are two well-studied F-box proteins, which often act as oncogenes. Whether and how they communicate with each other is unknown. Here we report that FBXW2, a poorly characterized F-box, is a substrate of β-TrCP1 and an E3 ligase for SKP2. While β-TrCP1 promotes FBXW2 ubiquitylation and shortens its half-life, FBXW2 does the same to SKP2. FBXW2 has tumour suppressor activity against lung cancer cells and blocks oncogenic function of both β-TrCP1 and SKP2. The levels of β-TrCP1-FBXW2-SKP2 are inversely correlated during cell cycle with FBXW2 and β-TrCP/SKP2 being high or low, respectively, in arrested cells, whereas the opposite is true in proliferating cells. Consistently, FBXW2 predicts a better patient survival, whereas β-TrCP1 and SKP2 predict a worse survival. Finally, the gain- and loss-of-function mutations of FBXW2 are found in various human cancers. Collectively, our data show that the β-TrCP-FBXW2-SKP2 axis forms an oncogene-tumour suppressor-oncogene cascade to control cancer cell growth with FBXW2 acting as a tumour suppressor by promoting SKP2 degradation.
A mast cell-ILC2-Th9 pathway promotes lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Moretti Silvia , Renga Giorgia , Oikonomou Vasilis , Galosi Claudia , Pariano Marilena , Iannitti Rossana G. , Borghi Monica , Puccetti Matteo , De Zuani Marco , Pucillo Carlo E. , Paolicelli Giuseppe , Zelante Teresa , Renauld Jean-Christophe , Bereshchenko Oxana , Sportoletti Paolo , Lucidi Vincenzina , Russo Maria Chiara , Colombo Carla , Fiscarelli Ersilia , Lass-Flörl Cornelia , Majo Fabio , Ricciotti Gabriella , Ellemunter Helmut , Ratclif Luigi , Talesa Vincenzo Nicola , Napolioni Valerio , Romani Luigina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractT helper 9 (Th9) cells contribute to lung inflammation and allergy as sources of interleukin-9 (IL-9). However, the mechanisms by which IL-9/Th9 mediate immunopathology in the lung are unknown. Here we report an IL-9-driven positive feedback loop that reinforces allergic inflammation. We show that IL-9 increases IL-2 production by mast cells, which leads to expansion of CD25+type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and subsequent activation of Th9 cells. Blocking IL-9 or inhibiting CD117 (c-Kit) signalling counteracts the pathogenic effect of the described IL-9-mast cell-IL-2 signalling axis. Overproduction of IL-9 is observed in expectorates from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and a sex-specific variant of IL-9 is predictive of allergic reactions in female patients. Our results suggest that blocking IL-9 may be a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate inflammation associated with microbial colonization in the lung, and offers a plausible explanation for gender differences in clinical outcomes of patients with CF.
Repo-Man/PP1 regulates heterochromatin formation in interphase
Authors: de Castro Inês J. , Budzak James , Di Giacinto Maria L. , Ligammari Lorena , Gokhan Ezgi , Spanos Christos , Moralli Daniela , Richardson Christine , de las Heras Jose I. , Salatino Silvia , Schirmer Eric C. , Ullman Katharine S. , Bickmore Wendy A. , Green Catherine , Rappsilber Juri , Lamble Sarah , Goldberg Martin W. , Vinciotti Veronica , Vagnarelli Paola 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRepo-Man is a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) targeting subunit that regulates mitotic progression and chromatin remodelling. After mitosis, Repo-Man/PP1 remains associated with chromatin but its function in interphase is not known. Here we show that Repo-Man, via Nup153, is enriched on condensed chromatin at the nuclear periphery and at the edge of the nucleopore basket. Repo-Man/PP1 regulates the formation of heterochromatin, dephosphorylates H3S28 and it is necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1 binding and H3K27me3 recruitment. Using a novel proteogenomic approach, we show that Repo-Man is enriched at subtelomeric regions together with H2AZ and H3.3 and that depletion of Repo-Man alters the peripheral localization of a subset of these regions and alleviates repression of some polycomb telomeric genes. This study shows a role for a mitotic phosphatase in the regulation of the epigenetic landscape and gene expression in interphase.
Massively parallel digital transcriptional profiling of single cells
Authors: Zheng Grace X. Y. , Terry Jessica M. , Belgrader Phillip , Ryvkin Paul , Bent Zachary W. , Wilson Ryan , Ziraldo Solongo B. , Wheeler Tobias D. , McDermott Geoff P. , Zhu Junjie , Gregory Mark T. , Shuga Joe , Montesclaros Luz , Underwood Jason G. , Masquelier Donald A. , Nishimura Stefanie Y. , Schnall-Levin Michael , Wyatt Paul W. , Hindson Christopher M. , Bharadwaj Rajiv , Wong Alexander , Ness Kevin D. , Beppu Lan W. , Deeg H. Joachim , McFarland Christopher , Loeb Keith R. , Valente William J. , Ericson Nolan G. , Stevens Emily A. , Radich Jerald P. , Mikkelsen Tarjei S. , Hindson Benjamin J. , Bielas Jason H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCharacterizing the transcriptome of individual cells is fundamental to understanding complex biological systems. We describe a droplet-based system that enables 3′ mRNA counting of tens of thousands of single cells per sample. Cell encapsulation, of up to 8 samples at a time, takes place in ∼6 min, with ∼50% cell capture efficiency. To demonstrate the system’s technical performance, we collected transcriptome data from ∼250k single cells across 29 samples. We validated the sensitivity of the system and its ability to detect rare populations using cell lines and synthetic RNAs. We profiled 68k peripheral blood mononuclear cells to demonstrate the system’s ability to characterize large immune populations. Finally, we used sequence variation in the transcriptome data to determine host and donor chimerism at single-cell resolution from bone marrow mononuclear cells isolated from transplant patients.
Cubosomes from hierarchical self-assembly of poly(ionic liquid) block copolymers
Authors: He Hongkun , Rahimi Khosrow , Zhong Mingjiang , Mourran Ahmed , Luebke David R. , Nulwala Hunaid B. , Möller Martin , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCubosomes are micro- and nanoparticles with a bicontinuous cubic two-phase structure, reported for the self-assembly of low molecular weight surfactants, for example, lipids, but rarely formed by polymers. These objects are characterized by a maximum continuous interface and high interface to volume ratio, which makes them promising candidates for efficient adsorbents and host-guest applications. Here we demonstrate self-assembly to nanoscale cuboidal particles with a bicontinuous cubic structure by amphiphilic poly(ionic liquid) diblock copolymers, poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(4-vinylbenzyl)-3-butyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water under optimized conditions. Structure determining parameters include polymer composition and concentration, temperature, and the variation of the solvent mixture. The formation of the cubosomes can be explained by the hierarchical interactions of the constituent components. The lattice structure of the block copolymers can be transferred to the shape of the particle as it is common for atomic and molecular faceted crystals.
Polyglucose nanoparticles with renal elimination and macrophage avidity facilitate PET imaging in ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Keliher Edmund J. , Ye Yu-Xiang , Wojtkiewicz Gregory R. , Aguirre Aaron D. , Tricot Benoit , Senders Max L. , Groenen Hannah , Fay Francois , Perez-Medina Carlos , Calcagno Claudia , Carlucci Giuseppe , Reiner Thomas , Sun Yuan , Courties Gabriel , Iwamoto Yoshiko , Kim Hye-Yeong , Wang Cuihua , Chen John W. , Swirski Filip K. , Wey Hsiao-Ying , Hooker Jacob , Fayad Zahi A. , Mulder Willem J. M. , Weissleder Ralph , Nahrendorf Matthias 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTissue macrophage numbers vary during health versus disease. Abundant inflammatory macrophages destruct tissues, leading to atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and heart failure. Emerging therapeutic options create interest in monitoring macrophages in patients. Here we describe positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18F-Macroflor, a modified polyglucose nanoparticle with high avidity for macrophages. Due to its small size, Macroflor is excreted renally, a prerequisite for imaging with the isotope flourine-18. The particle’s short blood half-life, measured in three species, including a primate, enables macrophage imaging in inflamed cardiovascular tissues. Macroflor enriches in cardiac and plaque macrophages, thereby increasing PET signal in murine infarcts and both mouse and rabbit atherosclerotic plaques. In PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments, Macroflor PET imaging detects changes in macrophage population size while molecular MRI reports on increasing or resolving inflammation. These data suggest that Macroflor PET/MRI could be a clinical tool to non-invasively monitor macrophage biology.
Long-term efficient organic photovoltaics based on quaternary bulk heterojunctions
Authors: Nam Minwoo , Cha Minjeong , Lee Hyun Hwi , Hur Kahyun , Lee Kyu-Tae , Yoo Jaehong , Han Il Ki , Kwon S. Joon , Ko Doo-Hyun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA major impediment to the commercialization of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is attaining long-term morphological stability of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer. To secure the stability while pursuing optimized performance, multi-component BHJ-based OPVs have been strategically explored. Here we demonstrate the use of quaternary BHJs (q-BHJs) composed of two conjugated polymer donors and two fullerene acceptors as a novel platform to produce high-efficiency and long-term durable OPVs. A q-BHJ OPV (q-OPV) with an experimentally optimized composition exhibits an enhanced efficiency and extended operational lifetime than does the binary reference OPV. The q-OPV would retain more than 72% of its initial efficiency (for example, 8.42–6.06%) after a 1-year operation at an elevated temperature of 65 °C. This is superior to those of the state-of-the-art BHJ-based OPVs. We attribute the enhanced stability to the significant suppression of domain growth and phase separation between the components via kinetic trapping effect.
Intragranular cracking as a critical barrier for high-voltage usage of layer-structured cathode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yan Pengfei , Zheng Jianming , Gu Meng , Xiao Jie , Zhang Ji-Guang , Wang Chong-Min 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2-layered cathode is often fabricated in the form of secondary particles, consisting of densely packed primary particles. This offers advantages for high energy density and alleviation of cathode side reactions/corrosions, but introduces drawbacks such as intergranular cracking. Here, we report unexpected observations on the nucleation and growth of intragranular cracks in a commercial LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode by using advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy. We find the formation of the intragranular cracks is directly associated with high-voltage cycling, an electrochemically driven and diffusion-controlled process. The intragranular cracks are noticed to be characteristically initiated from the grain interior, a consequence of a dislocation-based crack incubation mechanism. This observation is in sharp contrast with general theoretical models, predicting the initiation of intragranular cracks from grain boundaries or particle surfaces. Our study emphasizes that maintaining structural stability is the key step towards high-voltage operation of layered-cathode materials.
Prediction and real-time compensation of qubit decoherence via machine learning
Authors: Mavadia Sandeep , Frey Virginia , Sastrawan Jarrah , Dona Stephen , Biercuk Michael J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe wide-ranging adoption of quantum technologies requires practical, high-performance advances in our ability to maintain quantum coherence while facing the challenge of state collapse under measurement. Here we use techniques from control theory and machine learning to predict the future evolution of a qubit’s state; we deploy this information to suppress stochastic, semiclassical decoherence, even when access to measurements is limited. First, we implement a time-division multiplexed approach, interleaving measurement periods with periods of unsupervised but stabilised operation during which qubits are available, for example, in quantum information experiments. Second, we employ predictive feedback during sequential but time delayed measurements to reduce the Dick effect as encountered in passive frequency standards. Both experiments demonstrate significant improvements in qubit-phase stability over ‘traditional’ measurement-based feedback approaches by exploiting time domain correlations in the noise processes. This technique requires no additional hardware and is applicable to all two-level quantum systems where projective measurements are possible.
API5 confers cancer stem cell-like properties through the FGF2-NANOG axis
Authors: Song K-H , Cho H , Kim S , Lee H-J , Oh S J , Woo S R , Hong S-O , Jang H S , Noh K H , Choi C H , Chung J-Y , Hewitt S M , Kim J-H , Son M , Kim S-H , Lee B I , Park H-C , Bae Y-K , Kim T W 
Published: January 2017

AbstractImmune selection drives the evolution of tumor cells toward an immune-resistant and cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotype. We reported that apoptosis inhibitor-5 (API5) acts as an immune escape factor, which has a significant role in controlling immune resistance to antigen-specific T cells, but its functional association with CSC-like properties remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that API5 confers CSC-like properties, including NANOG expression, the frequency of CD44-positive cells and sphere-forming capacity. Critically, these CSC-like properties mediated by API5 are dependent on FGFR1 signaling, which is triggered by E2F1-dependent FGF2 expression. Furthermore, we uncovered the FGF2-NANOG molecular axis as a downstream component of API5 signaling that is conserved in cervical cancer patients. Finally, we found that the blockade of FGFR signaling is an effective strategy to control API5high human cancer. Thus, our findings reveal a crucial role of API5 in linking immune resistance and CSC-like properties, and provide the rationale for its therapeutic application for the treatment of API5+ refractory tumors.
Evaluation and comparison of classical interatomic potentials through a user-friendly interactive web-interface
Authors: Choudhary Kamal , Congo Faical Yannick P. , Liang Tao , Becker Chandler , Hennig Richard G. , Tavazza Francesca 
Published: January 2017

AbstractClassical empirical potentials/force-fields (FF) provide atomistic insights into material phenomena through molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations. Despite their wide applicability, a systematic evaluation of materials properties using such potentials and, especially, an easy-to-use user-interface for their comparison is still lacking. To address this deficiency, we computed energetics and elastic properties of variety of materials such as metals and ceramics using a wide range of empirical potentials and compared them to density functional theory (DFT) as well as to experimental data, where available. The database currently consists of 3248 entries including energetics and elastic property calculations, and it is still increasing. We also include computational tools for convex-hull plots for DFT and FF calculations. The data covers 1471 materials and 116 force-fields. In addition, both the complete database and the software coding used in the process have been released for public use online (presently at http://www.ctcms.nist.gov/∼knc6/periodic.html) in a user-friendly way designed to enable further material design and discovery.