bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehospital recognition of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Bright Howie , Pocock Jeff 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Paramedics often provide advance notice of patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) so that emergency department (ED) staff can prepare for early aggressive management and expeditious thrombolysis, but the validity of this practice is unclear. Our objective was to determine the accuracy of prehospital AMI diagnosis by Paramedic Level III (ALS) attendants.

Methods:
ALS paramedics serving a busy community hospital were instructed regarding the clinical diagnosis of chest pain and the value of early thrombolysis. For all patients transported with a chief complaint of chest pain, they were asked to record an explicit diagnosis of “probable AMI” or “chest pain, other.” Prehospital diagnoses were subsequently compared to ED diagnoses. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the prehospital diagnosis for AMI were determined.

Results:
During the 5-year study period, 1305 patients were studied. Based on clinical features alone, ALS paramedics were 77.8% sensitive and 82.2% specific for the diagnosis of AMI.

Conclusion:
ALS paramedics can accurately identify patients likely to benefit from early aggressive AMI management. These data have implications with respect to prehospital triage of chest pain patients, “early notification” protocols and future prehospital thrombolytic strategies.
Cardioversion of uncomplicated paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a survey of practice by Canadian emergency physicians
Authors: Borgundvaag Bjug , Ovens Howard 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjective:Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is the rhythm disturbance most commonly encountered by emergency physicians, yet the role played by emergency physicians in the management of this condition has not been well described. The purpose of this study was to describe the management of uncomplicated PAF by Canadian emergency physicians.Methods:All members of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians with a Canadian address (n= 1255) were mailed a 15-point questionnaire regarding training/certification, hospital demographics and practice patterns regarding the management of uncomplicated PAF. Chisquared analysis and Fisher’s Exact test were performed to identify significant differences in reported practice patterns in relation to demographic variables. Significant associations were tested for interaction using the Mantel–Haenszel test.Results:We received 663 responses, representing a 52.8% response rate. Six hundred and twenty-two (95%), 514 (78%) and 242 (38%) respondents reported routine performance of rate control, chemical cardioversion and electrical cardioversion respectively. Physicians working in high-volume emergency departments (&gt;50 000 visits/yr) were significantly more likely to self-manage rate control and chemical/electrical cardioversion than those working in lower volume emergency departments. Residency training was associated with higher performance of electrical (44% v. 31%,p&lt; 0.01) but not chemical cardioversion or rate control, although, amongst residency trained physicians, those with FRCP-level training were significantly more likely to perform both chemical (86% v. 76%,p&lt; 0.05) and electrical (57% v. 37%,p&lt; 0.01) cardioversion.Conclusion:Canadian emergency physicians surveyed in this study actively manage uncomplicated PAF. We found significant variations in practice, especially related to the use of electrical cardioversion. This may reflect different practice environments, levels of training, and lack of evidence to guide best practice. Further research is required to determine the optimal care of PAF in the emergency department setting.
Acute coronary syndromes: We must improve diagnostic efficiency in the emergency department
Authors: Christenson Jim 
Published: July 2016

RÉSUMÉ:
Chaque année, 100 000 Canadiens sont hospitalisés pour des syndromes coronariens aigus (SCA) (infarctus aigu du myocarde et angine instable); un aussi grand nombre de patients sont hospitalisés pour que soit finalement «écarté» le diagnostic de SCA. Le diagnostic de SCA doit être rapide et exact afin de réduire le taux de mortalité et de prévenir la progression de l’angine instable vers un infarctus du myocarde. En même temps, on doit limiter les coûts inutiles liés au traitement de ces patients. Malheureusement, aucune épreuve ou stratégie particulières ne permettent d’identifier de façon définitive tous les patients atteints de SCA. Les unités de douleur thoracique à l’urgence, de plus en plus populaires, permettent de réduire le nombre d’hospitalisations aux unités de soins critiques en appliquant des protocoles diagnostiques intensifs au département d’urgence. Mais ces unités diminuent-elles les coûts ou ne font-elles qu’augmenter la proportion de patients soumis à des épreuves? Plutôt que de soumettre tous les patients au même processus diagnostique, les urgentologues devraient classer les patients selon leur risque parmi l’une des trois catégories suivantes : ceux dont la probabilité de SCA est faible qui nécessitent un minimum d’épreuves à l’urgence; ceux qui présentent des signes évidents de SCA et qui doivent être hospitalisés; et ceux dont la probabilité de SCA est intermédiaire et qui doivent subir différentes épreuves.
A new chest pain strategy in Thunder Bay
Authors: Mutrie David 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY:Thunder Bay Regional Hospital (TBRH) developed a chest pain strategy (CPS) to support its emergency physicians in making the difficult clinical decisions required to properly evaluate and manage ED “chest pain” patients. This strategy was developed to ensure excellent patient care in a setting of diminished inpatient bed availability and increasing ED congestion. It focuses on rapid risk stratification, using history, electrocardiogram, physical examination and 3 new point-of-care cardiac markers: myoglobin, CK-MB mass, and cardiac troponin I.Following the introduction of the CPS in 1997, TBRH realized significant ($500 000/yr) institutional resource savings through a 60% decrease in the admission rate of non-myocardial infarction, non-unstable angina chest pain patients, a 30% decrease in ED chest pain evaluation time, and improved ED availability of monitored stretchers. The CPS has allowed TBRH to simultaneously decrease costs and improve patient care.
Pilot intervention to improve the documentation of pediatric injuries in the emergency department
Authors: Voaklander Donald C. , Cummings Garnet E. , Borden Kim , Policicchio Carla , Vincenten Joanne 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjective:Our goal was to determine the effectiveness of an intervention aimed at improving the emergency department (ED) documentation of pediatric injuries.Methods:All physicians and nursing staff in the ED of an urban teaching hospital and trauma centre underwent focused injury surveillance training and were instructed how to document 14 injuryspecific data elements. Pocket reminder cards were provided, and pediatric injury charts were flagged. Subsequently, random samples of pediatric injury charts were analyzed from a 3-month period prior to the intervention and from the corresponding months after the intervention. Postintervention documentation was compared to pre-intervention documentation for the 14 predefined data elements.Results:Six of the 14 data elements were charted more frequently, and 2 less frequently during the post-intervention phase. Odds ratios ranged from 4.59 (95%CI, 3.40 to 6.19) for charting “the presence of an adult observer” to 0.09 (95%CI, 0.01 to 0.76) for charting “sports equipment related to the injury.” The “flagging” of injury charts, as a visual reminder for clinicians to document injury data, seemed to be the most effective component of the intervention.Conclusion:A simple intervention, consisting of staff training, chart modification, and visual flagging of charts, can increase the amount of injury information documented by ED clinicians. Efforts to improve ED charting are most likely to succeed if they include visual prompts for clinicians.
Can a universal influenza immunization program reduce emergency department volume?
Authors: Groll Dianne , Henry Bonnie 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:Objectives:In 2000 the Ontario Minister of Health and Long-Term Care announced a universal influenza immunization program for Ontario, Canada. The 2 objectives of this $38-million program were to decrease seasonal impact of influenza on emergency department (ED) visits and to decrease the number and severity of influenza cases. This paper examines the correlation between population influenza rates and ED visits in 5 tertiary care hospitals in Ontario over a 5-year period (1996–2001).Methods:In this retrospective, observational study, we determined the total number of ED visits during the study period, by month, at 5 tertiary care hospitals in 3 Ontario cities Kingston, London and Ottawa). Detailed ED diagnoses were captured for Kingston, and provincial and national population-based influenza rates were obtained from Health Canada for the 5-year study period. Correlation and regression analyses were used to determine the relationship of influenza rates and ED volumes. “Influenza season” is defined in this study as November 1st to March 31st of each year.Results:There was no significant correlation between influenza rates and ED volumes, with Pearson correlation coefficients (r) of 0.22 (p= 0.72), 0.33 (p= 0.59) and 0.27 (p= 0.66) at the Kingston, London and Ottawa study sites, respectively. Data from the Kingston hospitals showed that, during influenza season, acute respiratory diagnoses accounted for only 4.4% of ED visits and influenza for only 0.34% of visits. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the ED diagnosis of influenza was not significantly related to ED volume. During the influenza season after the universal immunization campaign, ED visits increased at all sites.Conclusion:Based on this study, a universal influenza immunization campaign is unlikely to affect ED volume.
Diagnostic testing: an emergency medicine perspective
Authors: Worster Andrew , Innes Grant , Abu-Laban Riyad B. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:
Emergency physicians use diagnostic tests extensively, and the ability to order and interpret test results appropriately is a critical skill. An understanding of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios, as well as an awareness of the importance of pre-test probability, is essential. The purpose of this article is to explain, in a straightforward and clinically applicable manner, the core concepts related to diagnostic testing.
Missed acute isolated peroneal compartment syndrome
Authors: Ebenezer Sudesh , Dust William 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:This paper outlines 3 cases of acute isolated peroneal (lateral) compartment syndrome following exertion, minor trauma or overuse. Compartment syndromes are usually associated with crush injuries or fractures; they are an uncommon development following minor trauma or overuse. In acute isolated peroneal compartment syndrome the diagnosis is often delayed, resulting in permanent impairment. Persistent or worsening pain following a minor injury or overuse is typical, and the initial physical findings are often nonspecific, although swelling and tenderness out of proportion to the described injury are common. Marked increase in pain with passive inversion and dorsiflexion of the ankle should suggest the diagnosis. In cases that present late or where the diagnosis is initially missed, there is often a common peroneal nerve palsy. As with all compartment syndromes, prompt diagnosis and surgical decompression is necessary to prevent permanent impairment.
The future of emergency medicine in Canada: submission from CAEP to the Romanow Commission. Part 1
Authors:   Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians Working Group on the Future of Emergency Medicine in Canada
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:
In April 2001, the Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada was established. The Honorable Roy Romanow was given the mandate to “inquire into and undertake dialogue with Canadians on the future of Canada’s public health care system” and “to develop recommendations that will ensure the long-term sustainability of a high quality, universally accessible, publicly administered health care system, for all Canadians.”
The Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) recognized an obligation to share in this public dialogue, to communicate the current state of emergency medicine, and to identify the components necessary to achieve excellence in emergency care. The CAEP Advocacy Committee was asked to develop a document that would educate and enlighten the Commissioner. Basic themes were identified, and authors from across the country were invited to write brief, factual essays with achievable recommendations. The resulting series of essays was presented on April 30, 2002, at the Health Care Commission’s open public hearing in Calgary, Alberta.
This article, part 1 of a 2-part series, includes discussions of Urban Emergency Care Delivery, Rural Emergency Care, Emergency Care for Children, Prehospital Care and Emergency Medical Services, and National Standards for Hospital Emergency Services.
Parental and health care provider understanding of childhood fever: a Canadian perspective
Authors: Karwowska Anna , Nijssen-Jordan Cheri , Johnson David , Davies H. Dele 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Fever is common in children and causes misconceptions among parents. Many investigators have called for improved parental education to dispel “fever phobia.” Our objectives were to assess parental and health care provider understanding of fever, its treatment, and beliefs about its consequences, as well as to identify parental sources of information about fever.Methods:Self-administered surveys were distributed to 3 parent groups and 4 health care provider groups. Parent groups included parents of children with fever presenting to the emergency department (ED) (fever group,n= 209), parents of children with an injury presenting to ED (injury group,n= 160), and parents of healthy school children (school group,n= 141). Provider groups included pediatric ED physicians (n= 16), pediatric ED nurses (n= 39), general pediatricians (n= 26) and family physicians (n= 79).Results:Parent groups considered a temperature of 37.9°C to be a fever, 39.1°C to be a high fever, and 39.9°C to be a dangerous fever. Parents were most concerned about discomfort, seizures and dehydration, and parents in the “fever group” worried more about dehydration (p= 0.01) and brain damage (p= 0.03) than other parents. Most physicians were concerned about dehydration and seizures, but family physicians were most likely to express concerns about brain damage (40.5%) and death (34.1%).Conclusions:Fever phobia exists among parents and health care providers and is most likely in parents of febrile children and family physicians. Health care providers varied in their knowledge of fever and its treatment. Greater education of health care workers is required in order to provide families with appropriate information.
Willingness of emergency department patients with musculoskeletal complaints to participate in complementary and alternative medicine research
Authors: Abu-Laban Riyad B. , van Beek Catherina A. , Quon Jeffrey A. , Wu Joseph 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:The emergency department (ED) is a unique potential location for recruitment into studies of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies. We sought to determine the stated willingness of ED patients with musculoskeletal complaints to participate in CAM research for their presenting problem, and to determine the characteristics of this population.Methods:The study was carried out in the ED of Vancouver General Hospital weekdays between 10 am and 6 pm from Oct. 16, 2000, to Nov. 21, 2000. All adults who presented with musculoskeletal complaints involving the spine, upper extremity or lower extremity, unless they had pain severe enough to impair their ability to answer questions or unless there was a language or other communication barrier, were approached by a research nurse. If it was learned that they had already been assessed by an emergency physician, they were eliminated as potential study participants. After being presented background information by the research nurse, consenting patients were asked a series of standardized questions during a 15-minute private interview prior to their assessment by an emergency physician.Results:Of 107 eligible patients, 93 participated (87%). Most symptoms began on the day of presentation (44%) or in the previous week (41%). The mean age of those studied was 38 years, and 56% were male. Most presenting problems involved the ankle/foot (29%), multiple sites (19%), the lumbosacral region (14%) or the wrist/hand (14%). Seventy-six percent of patients had utilized CAM previously during their lives, and 13% were currently using CAM for their presenting problem. The majority of patients stated an informed hypothetical willingness to enroll in a CAM study of the following therapies: traditional Chinese medicine 74% (69/93: 95% confidence interval [CI] 64.1%–82.7%); chiropractic 70% (65/93: 95%CI 59.5%–79.0%); and other CAM therapies 92% (86/93: 95%CI 85.1%–96.9%). Of patients asked, 99% stated they would comply with 4 to 6 weeks of outpatient follow-up, and 70% stated they would participate in a placebo-controlled study. Logistic regression modeling, performed for secondary purposes, indicated that willingness to participate in traditional Chinese medicine or chiropractic research was independent of age, sex, educational status, pain severity or prior exposure to the modality of interest.Conclusions:ED patients with musculoskeletal complaints have a high stated willingness to participate in CAM research, even if this involves outpatient follow-up or a placebo-controlled design. ED-based CAM research appears feasible and should be pursued.
The future of emergency medicine in Canada: submission from CAEP to the Romanow Commission. Part 2
Authors:   Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians Working Group on the Future of Emergency Medicine in Canada
Published: July 2016

In April 2001, the Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada was established. The Honorable Roy Romanow was given the mandate to “inquire into and undertake dialogue with Canadians on the future of Canada’s public health care system” and “to develop recommendations that will ensure the long-term sustainability of a high quality, universally accessible, publicly administered health care system, for all Canadians.”
The Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) recognized an obligation to share in this public dialogue, to communicate the current state of emergency medicine, and to identify the components necessary to achieve excellence in emergency care. The CAEP Advocacy Committee was asked to develop a document that would educate and enlighten the Commissioner. Basic themes were identified, and authors from across the country were invited to write brief, factual essays with achievable recommendations. The resulting series of essays was presented on April 30, 2002, at the Health Care Commission’s open public hearing in Calgary, Alberta.
This article, part 2 of a 2-part series, includes discussions on Emergency Department Overcrowding, Human Resources Issues in Emergency Medicine, Standardization of Care and Clinical Practice Guidelines, Informatics and the Electronic Health Record, and Research in Emergency Medicine.
Canadian emergency department preparedness for a nuclear, biological or chemical event
Authors: Kollek Daniel 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTSince the terror attacks of September 11th, emergency departments across North America have become more aware of the need to be prepared to deal with a mass casualty terror event, particularly one involving nuclear, biological or chemical contaminants. The effects of such an attack could also be mimicked by accidental release of toxic chemicals, radioactive substances or biological agents unrelated to terrorist activity.The purpose of this study was to review the risks and characteristics of these events and to assess the preparedness of Canadian emergency departments to respond. This was done by means of a survey, which showed a significant risk of a mass casualty event (most likely chemical) coupled with a deficiency in preparedness — most notably in the availability of appropriate equipment, antidotal therapy and decontamination capability. There were also significant deficiencies in the ability to respond to a major biologic or nuclear event.
Posterior myocardial infarction with isolated ST elevations in V8 and V9: Is this an “ST elevation MI”?
Authors: Brown Lance , Sims Jessica , Conforto Alessandra 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We report a case of a 53-year-old man whose first manifestation of coronary artery disease was an acute isolated posterior myocardial infarction (IPMI). Acute IPMI is relatively uncommon and predominantly due to occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery. IPMI is challenging to diagnose due to the absence of ST segment elevation on a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) even in the setting of total coronary artery occlusion and transmural (Q-wave) infarct. We discuss the diagnostic implications of the absence of tall R waves in leads V1 and V2 on this patient’s ECG. The utility of posterior leads (V7 through V9) is demonstrated. The controversy surrounding the use of thrombolytic therapy or primary angioplasty in the setting of acute IPMI without ST segment elevation on a standard 12-lead ECG is reviewed.
War on SARS: a Singapore experience
Authors: Marcus Ong E.H. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTOn Mar. 12, 2003, the World Health Organization issued a global alert regarding cases of a severe atypical pneumonia termed “severe acute respiratory syndrome” (or SARS). In Singapore alone, there have been 238 SARS cases and 33 deaths, including 5 health care workers. With modern global inter-connectivity, SARS rapidly spread to become a worldwide phenomenon. This article describes the Singapore “war on SARS” from an emergency physician’s perspective, focusing on the “prevent, detect and isolate” strategy. Notable innovations include the use of home quarantine orders, mass temperature screening using thermal imaging, modular systems of hospital staffing, “virtual” hospital visits, and innovations in emergency department design. Most emergency departments, hospitals and health care systems appear to be psychologically and logistically unprepared for a massive infectious disease outbreak. In light of recent natural and terrorism-related threats, emergency care providers around the world must adopt a new paradigm. The current SARS outbreak may be merely a taste of things to come.
Potential error in the use of an automated external defibrillator during an in-flight medical emergency
Authors: Katis Peter G. , Dias Solange M. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIn-flight medical emergencies are uncommon, generally non-lethal events. In fatal cases, the most common cause of death is a sudden cardiac event. This fact, and the awareness that early defibrillation is the most important determinant of successful cardiac resuscitation, have led to the increasing availability of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) aboard commercial airplanes. AEDs are sophisticated and extremely reliable devices that are designed to be used by trained laypersons in the hope of minimizing the crucial time to defibrillation. Although designed to be foolproof, both machine- and operator-dependant usage errors have been recognized. In this case study we report a unique operator-dependent error involving the misreading of an AED instruction window, briefly review the history of AED use in the airline industry, and underscore the need for a sound knowledge of basic life support skills when working with these devices. We conclude by making recommendations to prevent similar errors from occurring in the future.