bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sacrificing the buccal branch of the facial nerve during parotidectomy
Authors: Dhiwakar Muthuswamy , Khan Zubair A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe need for and consequence of sacrificing the buccal branch of the facial nerve during parotidectomy is unknown. We sought to determine the indication, frequency, and functional outcome of buccal branch sacrifice.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of all cases of parotidectomy at a tertiary referral center.ResultsOf 100 consecutive cases of parotidectomy, the buccal branch was sacrificed in 23 cases. This subgroup was more likely to have anterior or deep lesions (p < .001), retrograde facial nerve dissection (p = .037), and immediate postoperative upper and lower facial weakness (p = .051 and .002, respectively). However, if the temporozygomatic and cervicomandibular branches were anatomically preserved, full facial (including buccal) function was restored.ConclusionDeep or anterior lesions may warrant sacrifice of the buccal branch for adequate access and excision. However, this does not result in long‐term impairment of facial function. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1821–1825, 2016
Treatment of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and tufted angioma
Authors: Liu Xiao Han , Li Jia Ying , Qu Xin Hua , Yan Wei Li , Zhang Ling , Yang Chi , Zheng Jia Wei 
Published: June 2016

This meta‐analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of current treatment modalities for kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and tufted angioma. A systematic review was performed using PubMed (Medline), Web of Science and Embase for clinical studies. The outcome was measured by pooled response rate with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), together with heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias. Fifteen studies with 244 participants were included in this analysis. Vincristine therapy exhibited a relatively higher response rate (0.72; 95%CI, 0.64–0.79) compared with other therapies including systemic corticosteroid (0.27; 95%CI, 0.17–0.36), interferon (0.36; 95%CI, 0.24–0.48), radiotherapy (0.49; 95%CI, 0.26–0.73), embolization (0.66; 95%CI, 0.48–0.83), aspirin/ticlopidine (0.42; 95%CI, 0.06–0.78) and sirolimus (0.57; 95%CI, 0.00–0.10), in treating KHE/TA. Subgroup analysis indicated that the efficacy of systemic corticosteroids therapy was age‐related. The pooled response rate was 0.15 (95%CI, 0.08–0.23) for participants 3.5 months of age and older compared with 0.35 (95% CI, 0.26–0.44) for participants less than 3.5 months. Regarding side effects, systemic corticosteroids treatment was 0.32 (95%CI, 0.15–0.50), vincristine modality was 0.16 (95%CI, 0.08–0.24) and interferon therapy was 0.28 (95%CI, 0.13–0.43). In conclusion, as one of the first reviews evaluating the effect of common therapies in the treatment of KHE/TA, our meta‐analysis displayed that vincristine was more effective.Thus, vincristine was the most effective, providing evidence supporting the use of vincristine as a first‐line therapy for KHE/TA.
Ca2+ Signaling and Cell Death Induced by Protriptyline in HepG2 Human Hepatoma Cells
Authors: Wang Jue‐Long , Chou Chiang‐Ting , Liu Kang , Liang Wei‐Zhe , Cheng Jin‐Shiung , Chang Hong‐Tai , Chen I‐Shu , Lu Ti , Kuo Chun‐Chi , Yu Chia‐Cheng , Shieh Pochuen , Kuo Daih‐Huang , Chen Fu‐An , Jan Chung‐Ren 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe effect of protriptyline on Ca2+ physiology in human hepatoma is unclear. This study explored the effect of protriptyline on [Ca2+]i and cytotoxicity in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Protriptyline (50–150 μM) evoked [Ca2+]i rises. The Ca2+ entry was inhibited by removal of Ca2+. Protriptyline‐induced Ca2+ entry was confirmed by Mn2+‐induced quench of fura‐2 fluorescence. Except nifedipine, econazole, SKF96365, GF109203X, and phorbol 12‐myristate 13 acetate did not inhibit Ca2+ entry. Treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5‐di‐tert‐butylhydroquinone (BHQ) inhibited 40% of protriptyline‐induced response. Treatment with protriptyline abolished BHQ‐induced response. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) suppressed protriptyline‐evoked response by 70%. At 20–40 μM, protriptyline killed cells which was not reversed by the Ca2+ chelator 1,2‐bis(2‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid‐acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). Together, in HepG2 cells, protriptyline induced [Ca2+]i rises that involved Ca2+ entry through nifedipine‐sensitive Ca2+ channels and PLC‐dependent Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum. Protriptyline induced Ca2+‐independent cell death.
Strong hydrophobic interaction between graphene oxide and supported lipid bilayers revealed by AFM
Authors: Hu Xiuyuan , Lei Haozhi , Zhang Xueqiang , Zhang Yi 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the interaction between graphene oxide (GO) and lipid membranes is of great importance for its various applications in biotechnology. Here, we investigated the interaction between GO and charged supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) by in situ atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging. It was found that GO could peel off a single layer of positively charged SLBs and deposited on the hydrophobic part of the remaining sublayer. Then free lipid molecules would assemble on GO surface and formed 1.5 bilayers in a lipid‐GO‐lipid manner. For negatively charged lipid bilayers, however, GO deposited to the SLBs only when its concentration was very high. These results indicate that, in addition to electrostatic interaction, the hydrophobic interaction plays an important role when GO sheets deposit onto the charged lipid bilayers, and should be helpful to understand possible cytotoxicity and antibiosis of graphene‐related nanomaterials. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:721–726, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The risk‐outcome‐experience triad: Mortality risk and the hospital consumer assessment of healthcare providers and systems survey
Authors: Cowen Mark E. , Czerwinski Jennifer , Kabara Jared , Blumenthal David U. , Kheder Susan , Simmons Stefanie 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDStudies have shown an association between the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Survey (HCAHPS) scores and clinical quality. The mortality risk on admission predicts adverse events. It is not known if this risk also portends a suboptimal patient experience.OBJECTIVETo determine if the admission mortality risk identifies an experience of care risk.DESIGNA retrospectively assembled cohort in which individual HCAHPS survey responses were linked to the admission risk of dying.SETTINGFive community hospitals of various sizes in Michigan.PATIENTSThere were 17,509 HCAHPS medical and surgical respondents; 2513 (14.4%) were at high risk of dying.MEASUREMENTSOdds ratio (OR) (high‐risk patients to low‐risk patients) for providing a top box score for HCAHPS dimensions, controlling for hospital and the standard HCAHPS patient mix adjustment factors.RESULTSHigh‐risk respondents were less likely to provide the most favorable response (unadjusted) for all HCAHPS domains, although the difference was not significant (P = 0.09) for discharge information. Multivariable analyses indicated that high‐risk patients were less likely to report a top box experience for doctor communication (OR: 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77‐0.94) and responsiveness of hospital staff (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.69‐0.85), but were more likely to have received adequate discharge information (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.14‐1.48).CONCLUSIONSPatients at high risk of dying who completed surveys were less likely to report favorable physician communication and staff responsiveness. Further understanding of these relationships may help design a care model to improve both outcomes and experience. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:628–635. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Shifting the Development Discourse: A Narrative of a Civil Society Network in Ecuador
Authors: Appe Susan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article provides a narrative of the emergence and formalization of a civil society network in Ecuador. The narrative provides a backdrop to explain how organized civil society produces an alternative discourse by shifting key descriptors related to civil society and development. While civil society–state relations still unfold in Ecuador, an alternative development discourse with shifted descriptors has helped to consolidate the civil society network. This shifting of development discourse may provide an avenue for organized civil society to continue to better argue and demonstrate its contributions to social development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subliminal gait initiation deficits in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: A harbinger of freezing of gait?
Authors: Alibiglou Laila , Videnovic Aleksandar , Planetta Peggy J. , Vaillancourt David E. , MacKinnon Colum D. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundMuscle activity during rapid eye movement sleep is markedly increased in people with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and people with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have freezing of gait. This study examined whether individuals with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder who do not have a diagnosis of PD show abnormalities in gait initiation that resemble the impairments observed in PD and whether there is a relationship between these deficits and the level of rapid eye movement sleep without atonia.MethodsGait initiation and polysomnography studies were conducted in 4 groups of 10 participants: rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, PD with and without freezing of gait, and controls.ResultsSignificant reductions were seen in the posterior shift of the center of pressure during the propulsive phase of gait initiation in the groups with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and PD with freezing of gait when compared with controls and PD nonfreezers. These reductions negatively correlated with the amount of rapid eye movement sleep without atonia. The duration of the initial dorsiflexor muscle burst during gait initiation was significantly reduced in both PD groups and the rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder cohort.ConclusionsThese results provide evidence that people with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, prior to a diagnosis of a degenerative neurologic disorder, show alterations in the coupling of posture and gait similar to those seen in PD. The correlation between increased rapid eye movement sleep without atonia and deficits in forward propulsion during the push‐off phase of gait initiation suggests that abnormities in the regulation of muscle tone during rapid eye movement sleep may be related to the pathogenesis of freezing of gait. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Factors affecting outcome in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Andersen Jintana B. , Gilhus Nils Erik , Sanders Donald B. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction and Methods: Information from myasthenia gravis (MG) patients treated and evaluated for at least 2 years between 1980 and 2014 was reviewed to assess the effect of demographics, antibody status and titer, thymus histology, and clinical severity on outcome after 2, 5, and 10 years of treatment. Results: Among 268 patients, 74% had acetylcholine receptor antibodies, 5% had muscle specific tyrosine kinase‐antibodies, and 22% had neither. Optimal outcome was achieved by 64% of patients at 2 years of follow‐up, 73% at 5 years, and 75% after 10 years. Optimal outcome was achieved more often in patients with late onset, in those who had thymectomy, and in those with ocular‐only disease at maximum severity. The only consistent independent predictor of optimal outcome was onset after age 50 years on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Prognosis is favorable for the majority of MG patients, regardless of age, maximum disease severity, or antibody status. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 54: 1041–1049, 2016
CHIP: Facilitating Interprofessional and Culturally Competent Patient Care Through Experiential Learning in China
Authors: Mu Keli , Peck Kirk , Jensen Lou , Bracciano Al , Carrico Cathy , Feldhacker Diana 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHealth care professionals have advocated for educating culturally competent practitioners. Immersion in international experiences has an impact on student cultural competency and interprofessional development. The China Honors Interprofessional Program (CHIP) at a university in the Midwest is designed to increase students' cultural competency and interprofessional development. From 2009 to 2013, a total of 25 professional students including twelve occupational therapy students, ten physical therapy students and three nursing students were enrolled in the programme. Using a one group pre and posttest research design, this study evaluated the impact of CHIP on the participating students. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected in the study. Findings of the study revealed that CHIP has impact on students' cultural competency and professional development including gaining appreciation and understanding of the contributions of other healthcare professionals and knowledge and skills in team work. The findings of the study suggested that international immersion experience such as CHIP is an important way to increase students' cultural competency and interprofessional knowledge and skills. Limitations of the study included the small sample in the study, indirect outcome measures and the possible celling effect of the instruments of the study. Future research studies should include a larger and more representative sample, direct outcome measures such as behaviour observation and more rigorous design such as prospective experimental comparison group design. Future research should also examine the long‐term effects of international experience on the professional development of occupational therapy students. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autoregressive linear least square single scanning electron microscope image signal‐to‐noise ratio estimation
Authors: Sim Kok Swee , NorHisham Syafiq 
Published: June 2016

SummaryA technique based on linear Least Squares Regression (LSR) model is applied to estimate signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. In order to test the accuracy of this technique on SNR estimation, a number of SEM images are initially corrupted with white noise. The autocorrelation function (ACF) of the original and the corrupted SEM images are formed to serve as the reference point to estimate the SNR value of the corrupted image. The LSR technique is then compared with the previous three existing techniques known as nearest neighbourhood, first‐order interpolation, and the combination of both nearest neighborhood and first‐order interpolation. The actual and the estimated SNR values of all these techniques are then calculated for comparison purpose. It is shown that the LSR technique is able to attain the highest accuracy compared to the other three existing techniques as the absolute difference between the actual and the estimated SNR value is relatively small. SCANNING 38:771–782, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concise Review: Measuring Physiological Responses of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes to Drugs and Disease
Authors: van Meer Berend J. , Tertoolen Leon G.J. , Mummery Christine L. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) are of growing interest as models to understand mechanisms underlying genetic disease, identify potential drug targets and for safety pharmacology as they may predict human relevant effects more accurately and inexpensively than animals or other cell models. Crucial to their optimal use are accurate methods to quantify cardiomyocyte phenotypes accurately and reproducibly. Here, we review current methods for determining biophysical parameters of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) that recapitulate disease and drug responses. Even though hPSC-CMs as currently available are immature, various biophysical methods are nevertheless already providing useful insights into the biology of the human heart and its maladies. Advantages and limitations of assays currently available looking toward applications of hPSC-CMs are described with examples of how they have been used to date. This will help guide the choice of biophysical method to characterize healthy cardiomyocytes and their pathologies in vitro.
Concise Review: Stem Cells and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: Biological Implications and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Sato Ryo , Semba Takashi , Saya Hideyuki , Arima Yoshimi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a small subpopulation of cancer cells with stem-like properties that are able to self-renew, generate differentiated daughter cells, and give rise to heterogeneous tumor tissue. Tumor heterogeneity is a hallmark of cancer and underlies resistance to anticancer therapies and disease progression. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible phenomenon that is mediated by EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs) and plays an important role in normal organ development, wound healing, and the invasiveness of cancer cells. Recent evidence showing that overexpression of several EMT-TFs is associated with stemness in cancer cells has suggested the existence of a link between EMT and CSCs. In this review, we focus on the roles of CSCs and EMT signaling in driving tumor heterogeneity. A better understanding of the dynamics of both CSCs and EMT-TFs in the generation of tumor heterogeneity may provide a basis for the development of new treatment options for cancer patients.
A day at the museum: The impact of field trips on middle school science achievement
Authors: Whitesell Emilyn Ruble 
Published: June 2016

AbstractField trips are an important feature of the United States’ education system, although in the current context of high‐stakes tests and school accountability, many schools are shifting resources away from enrichment. It is critical to understand how field trips and other informal learning experiences contribute to student test scores, but little research has explored the impact of field trips on standard measures of academic learning. In this study, I used 6 years of student‐level data to estimate the impact of field trips to informal science education institutions on New York City students’ performance on the state's standardized eighth‐grade science exam. Using a rigorous identification strategy with school fixed effects to capitalize on variation in field trip participation within schools over time, I found small positive effects of exposure to field trips on students’ science test scores and proficiency. Effects were largest for Hispanic students and those who qualified for free or reduced‐price lunch. This evidence that field trips can contribute positively to student achievement is meaningful for policymakers and administrators, as it suggests schools can provide enrichment experiences that families desire without sacrificing student test scores. The study suggests that field trips might be an effective tool for reducing achievement gaps. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53:1036–1054, 2016
Prognostic Analysis of Surgical Resection for Pulmonary Metastasis from Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Ikeda Norihiko , Nakajima Jun , Sawabata Noriyoshi , Chida Masayuki , Horio Hirotoshi , Okumura Sakae , Kawamura Masafunmi ,   The Metastatic Lung Tumor Study Group of Japan
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary metastases are the most common among extrahepatic recurrences from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It causes high risk of HCC‐related death, despite recent progress in therapeutic options. However, a role of pulmonary metastasectomy as well as prognostic factors after metastasectomy has not been well established. We aimed to investigate survival outcomes and prognostic factors after pulmonary resection for metastases from HCC.MethodsA series of 93 patients who underwent pulmonary resections for metastases from HCC between June 1990 and July 2013 from multi‐institutional database were retrospectively evaluated. Perioperative clinicopathological data and their association with prognosis were investigated.ResultsOf 93 patients, 77 had one pulmonary metastasis, and 16 had two or more. Recurrence after pulmonary resection was noted in 60 patients (64.5 %). The estimated 5‐year overall survival rate was 41.4 % with median survival time after pulmonary metastatectomy of 39.0 months. Univariate prognostic analysis showed that disease‐free interval of ≥12 months was significantly associated with favorable outcomes in both overall survival (5‐year rate, 59.3 vs. 28.7 %, p = 0.026) and disease‐specific survival (5‐year rate, 62.5 vs. 36.2 %; p = 0.038) after pulmonary metastatectomy. A multivariate analysis revealed that disease‐free interval was an independent prognostic factor (HR = 2.020, 95 % CI, 1.069–3.816, p = 0.030).ConclusionWe have shown that a disease‐free interval was an independent prognostic factor in patients who underwent pulmonary resection for metastasis from HCC. Also, pulmonary metastasectomy can be one of the therapeutic choices for select patients.
Attitudes Toward Autism Spectrum Disorders Among Students of Allied Health Professions
Authors: Simonstein Frida , Mashiach‐Eizenberg Michal 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe prevalence of autism has increased dramatically. The objectives of this study were to explore attitudes toward prenatal diagnosis to detect autism prenatally and avoid having an affected child and to understand social acceptability of these disorders among students of allied health professions. In this study, college students of nursing and health systems management answered a structured self‐report questionnaire (n = 305). The first part addressed the respondent's personal data. The second part targeted the respondent's attitudes toward prenatal diagnosis of non‐life‐threatening disorders, including autism spectrum disorders. We found that almost two thirds of the students responded that they would not proceed with a pregnancy if the child were diagnosed with autism, and more than half thought that they would not continue with a pregnancy if the fetus were diagnosed with Asperger's. Age, level of religiosity, and years of education were influential. This study is limited in scope; however, the positive attitude of the students toward prenatal diagnosis to avoid having an affected child might also reflect a negative view of autism spectrum disorders in future health care professionals. Further research of attitudes and the social acceptability of autism spectrum disorders, particularly among health care professionals, is required.