bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nested Validation of Aquacrop Model for Simulation of Winter Wheat Grain Yield, Soil Moisture and Salinity Profiles under Simultaneous Salinity and Water Stress
Authors: Mohammadi M. , Ghahraman B. , Davary K. , Ansari H. , Shahidi A. , Bannayan M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractImprovement of water management and water use efficiency at field scale is highly important under simultaneous salinity and water stress. The models that can translate the effects of different quantity and quality of water to crop yield, are useful tools for water management and improving water productivity (WP). AquaCrop (v4.0) simulates yield, water requirement, WP, soil water content and salinity under different conditions in the field, including water‐limiting and different quality of irrigation water. This study was carried out as split plot design (factorial form) in Birjand, in the east of Iran, in order to evaluate the AquaCrop model. Treatments consisted of three levels of irrigation water salinity (S1, S2, S3 corresponding to 1.4, 4.5, 9.6 dS m‐1) as the main plot, two wheat varieties (Ghods and Roshan), and four levels of irrigation water amount (I1, I2, I3, I4 corresponding to 125, 100, 75, 50% water requirement) as subplot. The model was nested, calibrated and validated separately for each salinity treatment, and also simultaneously for all three salinity treatments. The overall model accuracy was higher for estimating soil moisture profile, as compared to soil salinity profile. For simulation of soil water content, the average values of RMSE, d, CRM and R2 in both calibration and validation were 11.8%, 0.79, 0.05 and 0.61 respectively, while for simulation of soil salinity they were 24.4%, 0.72, 0.19 and 0.57 respectively. The AquaCrop successfully simulated yield, biomass and WP for two wheat varieties under salinity and water‐limiting treatments with high accuracy. Average values of NRMSE, d, CRM, and R2 for both calibration and validation of simulated grain yield were 7.1%, 0.97, 0.001 and 0.9 respectively, for the Roshan variety, while these measures were 8.2%, 0.98, −0.004 and 0.87 respectively, for the Ghods variety. Crop transpiration coefficient (KcTr), normalized crop water productivity (WP*), reference harvest index (HIO), volumetric water content at field capacity (θFC), soil water content at saturation (θsat), and temperature were the most sensitive parameters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secondary Traumatic Stress in Postdisaster Field Research Interviewers
Authors: McLennan Jim , Evans Lynette , Cowlishaw Sean , Pamment Lindsay , Wright Lyndsey 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNumerous studies show that those involved in disaster response may develop posttraumatic stress disorder or experience secondary traumatic stress (STS). There are few reports about the experiences of postdisaster field research interviewers. We report findings from a follow‐up study of researchers who conducted postwildfire field research interviews with residents affected by 5 severe wildfire events in Australia over the period 2009–2014. There were 33 postwildfire research interviewers who reported their experiences, and 18 of them (54.5%) described distressing interviews involving deaths, surviving severe threats to life, and destruction of houses. There were 27 (81.6%) who reported having experienced 1 or more STS symptoms on a 20‐item measure. Those who conducted interviews following a multifatality wildfire event reported higher levels of STS symptoms compared with researchers whose interviews followed nonfatal wildfires. There were 21 (63.6%) researchers who reported that their interviewing experiences had positive effects on their lives. This indicates that the researcher role of gathering information so that future wildfire risk could be mitigated may have served a protective function.
Why do peer reviewers decline to review manuscripts? A study of reviewer invitation responses
Authors: Willis Michael 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWith peer review under closer scrutiny than ever before, research is needed to investigate not only what incentives encourage researchers to review manuscripts, but also what reasons prevent them from reviewing. We analysed responses to reviewer invitations sent by one journal in March to July 2015. The data showed that the overwhelming reason why reviewers decline is because they are unavailable to do so. Although the finding may not be surprising and confirms the findings of earlier research, the study illustrates how a journal can analyse and draw conclusions from its own reviewer invitation data as a first step to improving the invitation acceptance rates.
Peer review in megajournals compared with traditional scholarly journals: Does it make a difference?
Authors: Björk Bo‐Christer , Catani Paul 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA megajournal is an open‐access journal that publishes any manuscript that presents scientifically trustworthy empirical results, without asking about the potential scientific contribution prior to publication. Megajournals have rapidly increased their output and are currently publishing around 50,000 articles per year. We report on a small pilot study in which we looked at the citation distributions for articles in megajournals compared with journals with traditional peer review, which also evaluate articles for contribution and novelty. We found that elite journals with very low acceptance rates have far fewer articles with no or few citations, but that the long tail of articles with two citations or less was actually bigger in a sample of selective traditional journals in comparison with megajournals. This indicates the need for more systematic studies, because the results raise many questions as to how efficiently the current peer review system in reality fulfils its filtering function.
Process for selecting and implementing a manuscript management system: Experiences of a new peer‐reviewed journal
Authors: Salem Ruwaida M. , Culbertson Natalie M. , O'Connell Alison 
Published: January 2016

Key points

Global Health: Science and Practice, a start‐up peer‐reviewed journal, used a fourstage process to evaluate and implement a manuscript management system: define internal requirements, explore platform options, select platform of choice, and configure and test the platform
Configuration and testing of the selected platform took longer than anticipated, mainly because we had to spend considerable time developing our submission and peer review workflows.
The six key features of manuscript management of most value are: automating manuscript tracking; selecting peer reviewers; assigning alterative reviewers; sending automated letters and reminders; facilitating blinded peer review, and monitoring and evaluating journal processes
Perturbation determinants in Banach spaces — with an application to eigenvalue estimates for perturbed operators
Authors: Hansmann Marcel 
Published: January 2016

In the first part of this paper we provide a self‐contained introduction to (regularized) perturbation determinants for operators in Banach spaces. In the second part, we use these determinants to derive new bounds on the discrete eigenvalues of compactly perturbed operators, broadly extending some recent results by Demuth et al. In addition, we also establish new bounds on the discrete eigenvalues of generators of C0‐semigroups.
Development of a diagnostic DNA chip to screen for 30 autosomal recessive disorders in the Hutterite population
Authors: Triggs‐Raine Barbara , Dyck Tamara , Boycott Kym M. , Innes A. Micheil , Ober Carole , Parboosingh Jillian S. , Botkin Alexis , Greenberg Cheryl R. , Spriggs Elizabeth L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe Hutterites are a religious isolate living in colonies across the North American prairies. This population originated from approximately 90 founders, resulting in a number of genetic diseases that are overrepresented, underrepresented, or unique. The founder effect in this population increases the likelihood that Hutterite couples carry the same recessive mutations. We have designed a diagnostic chip on a fee‐for‐service basis with Asper Biotech to provide Hutterites with the option of comprehensive carrier screening.MethodsA total of 32 disease‐causing mutations in 30 genes were selected and primers were designed for array primer extension‐based testing. Selected mutations were limited to those leading to autosomal recessive disorders, maintaining its primary use as a test for determining carrier status.ResultsThe DNA chip was developed and validated using 59 DNA controls for all but one of the mutations, for which a synthetic control was used. All mutations were readily detected except for a duplication causing restrictive dermopathy where heterozygotes and homozygotes could only be distinguished by sequencing. Blinded testing of 12 additional samples from healthy Hutterites was performed by Asper Biotech using chip testing. All known mutations from previous molecular testing were detected on the chip. As well, additional mutations identified by the chip in these 12 samples were subsequently verified by a second method.ConclusionsOur analysis indicates that the chip is a sensitive and specific means of carrier testing in the Hutterite population and can serve as a model for other founder populations.
Concurrent 3D acquisition of diffusion tensor imaging and magnetic resonance elastography displacement data (DTI‐MRE): Theory and in vivo application
Authors: Yin Ziying , Kearney Steven P. , Magin Richard L. , Klatt Dieter 
Published: January 2016

PurposeTo introduce a newly developed technique (DTI‐MRE) for the simultaneous acquisition of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and 3D‐vector field magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) data, and to demonstrate its feasibility when applied in vivo to the mouse brain.MethodsIn DTI‐MRE, simultaneous encoding is achieved by using a series of diffusion/motion‐sensitizing gradients (dMSGs) with specific timing and directions. By adjusting the duration of the dMSGs with the diffusion time and with the mechanical vibration frequency, the shear wave motion and diffusion are encoded into the MR phase and MR magnitude signals, respectively. The dMSGs are applied in a noncollinear and noncoplanar manner that optimizes the capture of both the DTI signal attenuation and the three‐dimensional MRE displacements. In this work, the feasibility of the DTI‐MRE technique was demonstrated on in vivo mouse brains (n=3) using a 9.4T animal MRI scanner. The DTI‐MRE derived parameters (MD, mean diffusivity; FA, fractional anisotropy; MRE displacement fields; and shear modulus |G|) were compared with those acquired using conventional, separate MRE and diffusion methods.ResultsThe averaged (MD, FA, and |G|) values for three mice are (0.580 ± 0.050 µm2/ms, 0.43 ± 0.02, and 4.80 ± 0.06 kPa) and (0.583 ± 0.035 µm2/ms, 0.46 ± 0.02, and 4.91 ± 0.19 kPa) for DTI‐MRE, and conventional DTI and 3D‐vector field MRE measurements, respectively. All derived parameters (MD, FA, |G|, and displacement) obtained using the combined DTI‐MRE method and conventional methods were significantly correlated with P < 0.05.ConclusionSimultaneous acquisition of DTI and 3D‐vector field MRE is feasible in vivo and reduces the scan time by up to 50% compared with conventional, separate acquisitions, while providing an immediate co‐registration of maps of diffusion properties and stiffness. Magn Reson Med 77:273–284, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utility of whole exome sequencing in evaluation of juvenile motor neuron disease
Authors: Agarwal Sonika , Potocki Lorraine , Collier Talia R. , Woodbury Suzanne L. , Adesina Adekunle M. , Jones Jeremy , Lotze Timothy E. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis case report focuses on identifying novel mutations in juvenile motor neuron disease and emphasizes the significance of whole exome sequencing (WES).MethodsWe report a 13‐year‐old Hispanic boy with rapidly progressive weakness, muscle atrophy, tremor, and tongue fasciculation, along with upper motor neuron findings of hyperactive gag reflex, hyperreflexia, and cog‐wheel rigidity. Electromyography was suggestive of motor neuron disease. After an extensive evaluation, WES was performed.ResultsWES identified a heterozygous de novo variant of unknown clinical significance (VUS) in the fused‐in‐sarcoma gene (FUS) [c.1554_1557del]. Although initially reported as a VUS, the clinical data from our patient and data from the medical literature support that the variant is indeed disease‐causing.ConclusionsThe genetic etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is heterogeneous and, as clinical sequencing for FUS was not available, WES was the only method by which a diagnosis of juvenile ALS could be made. Muscle Nerve 53: 648–652, 2016
Multisurface plasticity for Cosserat materials: Plate element implementation and validation
Authors: Godio Michele , Stefanou Ioannis , Sab Karam , Sulem Jean 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe macroscopic behavior of materials is affected by their inner micro‐structure. Elementary considerations based on the arrangement, and the physical and mechanical features of the micro‐structure may lead to the formulation of elastoplastic constitutive laws, involving hardening/softening mechanisms and non‐associative properties. In order to model the non‐linear behavior of micro‐structured materials, the classical theory of time‐independent multisurface plasticity is herein extended to Cosserat continua. The account for plastic relative strains and curvatures is made by means of a robust quadratic‐convergent projection algorithm, specifically formulated for non‐associative and hardening/softening plasticity. Some important limitations of the classical implementation of the algorithm for multisurface plasticity prevent its application for any plastic surfaces and loading conditions. These limitations are addressed in this paper, and a robust solution strategy based on the singular value decomposition technique is proposed. The projection algorithm is then implemented into a finite element formulation for Cosserat continua. A specific finite element is considered, developed for micropolar plates. The element is validated through illustrative examples and applications, showing able performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivities of mixed organozinc and mixed organocopper reagents. Part 13 Kinetic study for phosphine‐catalyzed acylation of alkylarylzincs and effect of residual group on the transfer rate of alkyl group
Authors: Ömür Pekel Özgen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractKinetics of reactions of di‐n‐butylzinc,n‐Bu2Zn, and mixedn‐butyl(substituted phenyl)zinc reagents andn‐Bu(functional group (FG)C6H4)Zn with benzoyl chloride in the presence of tri‐n‐butylphosphine have been investigated. Reaction rates of transferablen‐butyl group have been determined in tetrahydrofuran at 0 °C to compare the transfer rate ofn‐butyl group in homo and mixed diorganozincs. Rate law is consistent with a third‐order reaction, which is first order in diorganozinc, benzoyl chloride, andn‐Bu3P, and a mechanism was proposed. The lower reaction rate ofn‐BuPhZn than that ofn‐Bu2Zn and negative reaction constant in Hammett plot are in accordance with the carbanionic charge of transferablen‐butyl group in the acylation reaction. These findings support the hypothesis that the reaction rate of transferable group, RT, changes depending upon the residual group, RR, in RRRTZn reagents. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(3‐hexyl thiophene)‐b‐poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide): Synthesis and its composition dependent structural, solubility, thermoresponsive, electrochemical, and electronic properties
Authors: Kumari Pallavi , Khawas Koomkoom , Hazra Sunit , Kuila Biplab Kumar 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTConjugated block copolymers consisting of poly(3‐hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) and a thermoresponsive polymer poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) with varying composition have been synthesized by facile click reaction between alkyne terminated P3HT and azide terminated PNIPAM. The composition‐dependent solubility, thermoresponsive property in water, phase behavior, electrochemical, optical, and electronic properties of the block copolymers were systematically investigated. The block copolymers with higher volume fraction of PNIPAM form thermoresponsive spherical micelles with P3HT‐rich crystalline cores and PNIPAM coronas. Both X‐ray and atomic force microscopic studies indicated that the blocks copolymers showed well‐defined microphase separated nanostructures and the structure depended on the composition of the blocks. The electrochemical study of the block copolymers clearly demonstrated that the extent of charge transport through the block copolymer thin film was similar to P3HT homopolymer without any significant change in the band gap. The block copolymers showed improved or similar charge carrier mobility compared with the pure P3HT depending on the composition of the block copolymer. These P3HT‐b‐PNIPAM copolymers were interesting for fabrication of optoelectronic devices capable of thermal and moisture sensing as well as for studying the thermoresponsive colloidal structures of semiconductor amphiphilic systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1785–1794
Energetic Material/Polymer Interaction Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Oxley Jimmie C. , Smith James L. , Kagan Gerald L. , Zhang Guang , Swanson Devon S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe interactions of energetic materials and polymers have important implications in safety, long‐term storage, and performance of explosives and explosive mixtures. Atomic force microscopy was used to investigate adhesion forces at the molecular scale of nine energetic materials, organic explosives and energetic salts, on eleven common polymers (polyethylene, polyvinylalcohol, poly(vinyl chloride), polycarbonate, polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), styrene‐butadiene rubber, poly(4‐vinyl phenol), poly(2,6‐dimethylphenylene oxide), poly(2,6‐diphenyl‐p‐phenylene oxide) (Tenax®), and polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon®)). Teflon was the least adhesive polymer to all energetic materials, while no distinct trend could be elucidated among the other polymers or energetic materials.
Climate change in literature and literary studies: From cli‐fi, climate change theater and ecopoetry to ecocriticism and climate change criticism
Authors: Johns‐Putra Adeline 
Published: January 2016

In the last 5 years, climate change has emerged as a dominant theme in literature and, correspondingly, in literary studies. Its popularity in fiction has given rise to the term cli‐fi, or climate change fiction, and speculation that this constitutes a distinctive literary genre. In theater, the appearance of several big‐name productions from 2009 to 2011 has inspired an increase in climate change plays. There has been a growing trend, too, of climate change poetry, thanks to the rise of ecopoetry (poetry that exhibits ecological awareness and engages with the world's current state of environmental degradation) and the launch of some key climate change poetry initiatives in the media. This prevalence of climate change literature has brought about a greater engagement with climate change in literary studies, notably the environmentally oriented branch of literary studies called ecocriticism. The increasing number of ecocritical analyses of climate change literature, particularly novels, is helping to shape a canon of climate change fiction. In a separate development, there has been greater interest in the phenomenon of climate change in literary or critical theory (the branch of literary studies concerned with literary concepts and philosophies rather than with literary texts). This development—centered on the study of climate change as a philosophical or existentialist problem—is sometimes termed climate change criticism or critical climate change.WIREs Clim Change2016, 7:266–282. doi: 10.1002/wcc.385This article is categorized under:Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Humanities and the Creative Arts
First in human study with a prodrug of galantamine: Improved benefit‐risk ratio?
Authors: Baakman Anne C. , 't Hart Ellen , Kay Denis G. , Stevens Jasper , Klaassen Erica S. , Maelicke Alfred , Groeneveld Geert J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionGln‐1062 (Memogain) is a pharmacologically inactive prodrug of galantamine. Owing to its lipophilic nature, it preferentially enters the brain, where it is cleaved into active galantamine. Gln‐1062 is expected to have fewer peripheral side effects than other cholinesterase inhibitors, with improved effectiveness.MethodsThis was a double‐blind, comparator and placebo‐controlled, sequential cohort, single ascending dose study in 58 healthy subjects with Gln‐1062 in doses of 5.5, 11, 22, 33, and 44 mg, compared with oral galantamine 16 mg and donepezil 10 mg. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics were assessed.ResultsGln‐1062 doses up to 33 mg were well tolerated and induced a dose‐dependent increase in the plasma concentrations of Gln‐1062 and galantamine. Gln‐1062 had a dose‐dependent positive effect on verbal memory and attention, mainly in the first hours after drug administration.DiscussionGln‐1062 was better tolerated than galantamine in doses with the same molarity and led to improved effects in cognitive tests. This is most likely caused by the more favorable distribution ratio between peripheral and central cholinesterase inhibition. These results give reason for further exploration of this compound.
Neurological Diseases, Disorders and Injuries in Canada: Highlights of a National Study
Authors: Bray Garth M. , Huggett Deanna L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe National Population Health Study of Neurological Conditions, a partnership between Neurological Health Charities Canada and the Government of Canada, was the largest study of neurological diseases, disorders, and injuries ever conducted in Canada. Undertaken between 2009 and 2013, the expansive program of research addressed the epidemiology, impacts, health services, and risk factors of 18 neurological conditions and estimated the health outcomes and costs of these conditions in Canada through 2031. This review summarizes highlights from the component projects of the study as presented in the synthesis report,Mapping Connections: An Understanding of Neurological Conditions in Canada. The key findings included new prevalence and incidence estimates, documentation of the diverse and often debilitating effects of neurological conditions, and identification of the utilization, economic costs, and current limitations of related health services. The study findings will support health charities, governments, and other stakeholders to reduce the impact of neurological conditions in Canada.
The Under-Utilization of the Head Impulse Test in the Emergency Department
Authors: McDowell Timothy , Moore Fraser 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground: The head impulse test (HIT) is an evidenced based clinical tool to differentiate between peripheral and central causes of vertigo. Our objective was to determine the rate of utilization of the HIT in the emergency room (ER). Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients presenting to the ER over one year who received a final diagnosis of dizziness or vertigo. Details of clinical examinations, investigations, and diagnosis were recorded. Patients were grouped into episodic, acute constant, and chronic vertigo groups. Results: HIT was performed in only 31 of 642 (5%) patients with vertigo. In the acute constant group it was negative in 6 of 6 patients ultimately diagnosed with stroke and positive in 6 of 13 cases of peripheral vertigo.Discussion: Despite good published evidence regarding its use the HIT is under-utilized in the ER. Physicians need to be aware of the HIT and newer video HITs and make use of them in practice.