bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and tribological properties of the N‐containing heterocyclic borate esters and Cu microparticles as lubricant additives in base oil
Authors: Qu Mengnan , Yao Yali , He Jinmei , Ma Xuerui , Liu Shanshan , Feng Juan , Hou Lingang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, four kinds of N‐containing heterocyclic borate esters and polyvinyl pyrrolidone‐protected Cu microparticles were synthesised and characterised. Their tribological properties as lubricant additives in industrial white oil were evaluated using a four‐ball tribometer, and their lubrication mechanisms were investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the anti‐friction and anti‐wear performance of the base oil can be significantly improved by the addition of N‐containing borate esters and Cu microparticles, and they present synergistic tribological effect. Moreover, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed a lubricating tribochemical reaction film containing B2O3, FeB, FeO, Fe2O3 and so on is formed on the worn surface. In addition, Cu microparticles as rolling bearings, which transform sliding friction to rolling sliding and the formation of the Cu microparticles deposited film, are probably responsible for the improvement of tribological performance. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultralow‐field and spin‐locking relaxation dispersion in postmortem pig brain
Authors: Dong Hui , Hwang Seong‐min , Wendland Michael , You Lixing , Clarke John , Inglis Ben 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo investigate tissue‐specific differences, a quantitative comparison was made between relaxation dispersion in postmortem pig brain measured at ultralow fields (ULF) and spin locking at 7 tesla (T). The goal was to determine whether ULF‐MRI has potential advantages for in vivo human brain imaging.MethodsSeparate specimens of gray matter and white matter were investigated using an ULF‐MRI system with superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) signal detection to measure
at fields from 58.7 to 235.0 μT and using a commercial MRI scanner to measure
at spin‐locking fields from 5.0 to 235.0 μT.ResultsAt matched field strengths,
is 50 to 100% longer than
. Furthermore, dispersion in
is close to linear between 58.7 and 235 µT, whereas dispersion in
is highly nonlinear over the same range. A subtle elbow in the
dispersion at approximately 140 µT is tentatively attributed to the local dipolar field of macromolecules. It is suggested that different relaxation mechanisms dominate each method and that ULF‐MRI has a fundamentally different sensitivity to the macromolecular structure of neural tissue.ConclusionsUltralow‐field MRI may offer distinct, quantitative advantages for human brain imaging, while simultaneously avoiding the severe heating limitation imposed on high‐field spin locking. Magn Reson Med 78:2342–2351, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Geometrically nonlinear quadratic solid/solid‐shell element based on consistent corotational approach for structural analysis under prescribed motion
Authors: Cho Haeseong , Shin SangJoon , Yoh Jack J. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis study proposed geometrically nonlinear quadratic solid/solid‐shell elements applicable for moving structures. Coordinates in the corotational (CR) formulation were established for a solid element. The proposed CR formulation was consistent with other hexahedral or tetrahedral solid type finite elements. The study involved an explicit description of relevant quantities induced during the derivation. Centrifugal and inertial terms were derived to analyze the behavior of moving structures. The formulation derived in the study was applicable for various solid type elements. Thus, an assumed‐strain 18‐node solid‐shell element was developed based on the Hellinger–Reissner principle to avoid locking in the local element. In addition, quadratic solid elements (i.e., a 10‐node tetrahedron and a 20‐node hexahedron) were developed in the CR solid formulation. Finally, the results were compared with those derived by previous researches involving typical static benchmark problems and commercial software. The findings indicated a good agreement between the comparisons and validated the proposed finite elements. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The vertex solution theorem and its coupled framework for static analysis of structures with interval parameters
Authors: Qiu Zhiping , Lv Zheng 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis work gives new statement of the vertex solution theorem for exact bounds of the solution to linear interval equations and its novel proof by virtue of the convex set theory. The core idea of the theorem is to transform linear interval equations into a series of equivalent deterministic linear equations. Then, the important theorem is extended to find the upper and lower bounds of static displacements of structures with interval parameters. Following discussions about the computational efforts, a coupled framework based on vertex method (VM) is established, which allows us to solve many large‐scale engineering problems with uncertainties using deterministic finite element software. Compared with the previous works, the contribution of this work is not only to obtain the exact bounds of static displacements but also lay the foundation for development of an easy‐to‐use interval finite element software. Numerical examples demonstrate the good accuracy of VM. Meanwhile, the implementation of VM and availability of the coupled framework are demonstrated by engineering example. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Civil Society Organizations in a Post‐Aid World: New Trends and Observations from the Andean Region
Authors: Appe Susan 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe objective of this article is to outline approaches taken by civil society organizations (CSOs) in order to advance their work in social development given the changes in the aid architecture. It focuses on the Latin American region, particularly Andean countries, but many of the challenges and opportunities in a “post‐aid world” are insights that might prove helpful to other regions as well. The article provides a comprehensive outline of approaches that CSOs are taking given the changes in aid grouped into three categories: aid models, organizational considerations and revenue sources and modes of fundraising. Many of these have been in practice for sometime but might need to be more strategically used as CSOs manage the changing contexts. CSOs in Latin America and the Andes are considering a multitude of options, and while the approaches considered in the article are not an exhaustive list, they provide an overview of viable directions, which might positively influence CSOs' sustainability and continued provision and promotion of a myriad of public goods and services. The article ends with observations about aid shifts and its implications for CSOs and social development more broadly. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of surface chemical modification for aluminum hypophosphite with hexa‐(4‐aldehyde‐phenoxy)‐cyclotriphosphazene on the fire retardancy, water resistance, and thermal properties for polyamide 6
Authors: Xu Miao‐Jun , Liu Chuan , Ma Kun , Leng Yang , Li Bin 
Published: February 2017

The surface chemical modified aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) defined as MAHP was successful prepared through P–H bonds on AHP surface reacted with the aldehyde groups in hexa‐(4‐aldehyde‐phenoxy)‐cyclotriphosphazene made in our lab. The wettability of the flame retardants was evaluated by water contact angle tests, and the water contact angle of the prepared MAHP dramatically increased from 0° for AHP to 145°, which indicated the surface modification made the superhydrophilic AHP into superior hydrophobic MAHP. The prepared MAHP and AHP, respectively, incorporated into polyamide 6 (PA6) matrix to prepare flame retardant PA6 composites and the fire retardancy and thermal degradation behavior of flame retardant PA6 composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test (UL‐94), cone calorimeter, and thermogravimetric analysis tests. The morphologies and chemical compositions of the char residues for PA6 composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The water resistant properties of flame retardant PA6 composites were evaluated by putting the samples into distilled water at 70°C for 168 hr, and the mechanical properties for flame retardant PA6 composites were investigated by the tensile, flexural, and Izod impact strength tests. The results demonstrated that the PA6/MAHP composites successfully passed UL‐94 V‐0 flammability rating, and the limiting oxygen index value was 27.6% when the loading amount of MAHP was 21 wt%. However, there is no rating in vertical burning tests for PA6/AHP composite with the same amount of AHP, which indicated the surface modification of AHP enhanced the flame retardancy efficiency for PA6 composites. The morphological structures and analysis of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of char residues revealed that the surface modification of AHP benefited to the formation of a sufficient, flame retardant elements rich, more compact and homogeneous char layer on the materials surface during combustion, which prevented the heat transmission and diffusion, limit the production of combustible gases, inhibit the emission of smoke and then led to the reduction of the heat release rate and smoke produce rate. The mechanical properties results revealed that the surface modification of AHP enhanced the mechanical properties, especially the Izod impact strength comparing with that of PA6/AHP composites with the same amount of flame retardant. After water resistance tests, the PA6/MAHP composites remained superior flame retardancy and presented continuous and compact char layer after cone calorimeter tests; however, the fire retardancy for PA6/AHP composite obviously decreased, and the char layer was discontinuous with big hole caused by the extraction of AHP by water during water resistance tests. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Childhood neoplasms presenting at autopsy: A 20‐year experience
Authors: Bryant Victoria A. , Booth John , Palm Liina , Ashworth Michael , Jacques Thomas S. , Sebire Neil J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of the review are to establish the number of undiagnosed neoplasms presenting at autopsy in a single centre and to determine the incidence and most common causes of sudden unexpected death due to neoplasia in infancy and childhood (SUDNIC).DesignRetrospective observational study of paediatric autopsies performed on behalf of Her Majesty's Coroner over a 20‐year period (1996–2015; n = 2,432). Neoplasms first diagnosed at autopsy were identified from an established database and cases meeting the criteria for sudden unexpected death were further categorised.ResultsThirteen previously undiagnosed neoplasms were identified, including five haematological malignancies, two medulloblastomas, two neuroblastomas, two cardiac tumours and two malignancies of renal origin. Eight cases met the criteria for SUDNIC (0.33% of autopsies), the commonest group of which were haematological malignancies (n = 3).ConclusionsNeoplasms presenting as unexpected death in infancy and childhood and diagnosed at autopsy are rare. The findings suggest that haematological malignancies are the commonest cause of SUDNIC and highlight the importance of specialist autopsy in cases of sudden unexpected death.
Influence of graphene oxide and graphene nanosheet on the properties of polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites
Authors: Raji Marya , Essabir Hamid , Rodrigue Denis , Bouhfid Rachid , Qaiss Abou el kacem 
Published: February 2017

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) and graphene nanosheets (GN) were prepared using natural graphite as a reinforcing agent, and different filler contents (1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%) were used to produce nanocomposites based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). In particular, a melt‐blending method was used as a 10 wt% masterbatch was prepared and then diluted to get the final samples via compression molding. A complete characterization in terms of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that GO and GN were of high structural quality. Then, the nanocomposites were characterized in terms of thermal, rheological, electrical, and mechanical performances. The thermal stability of neat PVDF (400°C) was found to increase with both fillers addition reaching at 3 wt% 445 and 463°C for GO and GN, respectively. For the same concentration, the PVDF Young's modulus was found to increase by 32% for GN, while only a 7% gain was observed for GO. Similarly, the rheological and electrical resistivity results showed that GN was more effective than GO in improving the performances of these nanocomposites, with an optimum ∼3 wt% for the conditions tested. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:2932–2941, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
A prospective study on first trimester prediction of ischemic placental diseases
Authors: Nuriyeva Gulnar , Kose Semir , Tuna Gamze , Kant Melis , Akis Merve , Altunyurt Sabahattin , Islekel Gül Huray , Dogan Omer Erbil 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study is to assess the predictive power of mean uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA PI), maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and placenta associated plasma protein A levels for the development of ischemic placental diseases (IPD) in a cohort of unselected singleton pregnancies during the first trimester combined test period.Materials and MethodsA sample of 880 pregnancies was registered between September 2014 and January 2016. After routine examination for first trimester combined test, UtA PI was measured, and maternal serum was obtained and stored at −80 °C for PlGF assessment.ResultsEarly‐onset preeclampsia, late‐onset preeclampsia and placental dysfunction‐related fetal growth restriction were observed in 6 (0.7%), 17 (2.0%) and 27 (3.2%) cases, respectively. IPD requiring delivery before 34 weeks of gestation could be predicted with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 76.2%, 90.2%, 20.2% and 99.1%, respectively.ConclusionA combination of UtA PI, placenta associated plasma protein A and PlGF was proven to be successful in the first trimester prediction of IPD, with the highest sensitivity in the subgroup who required delivery before 34 weeks of gestation. In reducing the number of pregnancies that should be followed‐up, further studies for new biomarkers are needed. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The significance of a prenatal diagnosis of right aortic arch
Authors: Wójtowicz Anna , Respondek‐Liberska Maria , Słodki Maciej , Kordjalik Paulina , Płużańska Joanna , Knafel Anna , Huras Hubert 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze a population of fetuses with prenatally diagnosed right aortic arch (RAA).MethodsRetrospective study of fetuses with RAA diagnosed prenatally between 2011 and 2015 in two referral centers.ResultsRight aortic arch was found in 4.4% (46/1036) of fetuses with cardiovascular abnormalities (CVA). As an isolated anomaly, RAA was present in 30.4% of cases; in 32.6%, other CVA were detected; in 23.9%, CVA and extracardiac anomalies; and in 13.1%, only extracardiac malformations. The most common noncardiac abnormalities were thymus hypoplasia/aplasia (7/17), of which six had deletion 22q.11.2. In another three fetuses, trisomy 21 was present. One intrauterine fetal death occurred at 41 weeks of pregnancy, and two fetuses died after birth. In six of 18 infants with known follow‐up, symptoms of dysphagia were reported, of which four infants underwent surgical intervention. In 12 infants, an isolated RAA was clinically silent.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of RAA is an indication for a detailed examination of cardiac and noncardiac structures, including the thymus. It is advisable to consider genetic testing, together with the assessment of deletion 22q11.2, especially in the case of accompanying defects. The prognosis depends on underlying cardiac and extracardiac anomalies and possibly coexisting genetic defects. Isolated anomalies are asymptomatic. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traits across the personality hierarchy differentially relate to positive and negative affect: Evidence for the predictive validity of empirically derived meta‐traits
Authors: Hengartner Michael P. , Graf Markus , Schreiber Marc 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the construct validity of higher‐order domains of the Big Five personality traits. A total of 831 persons from the Swiss population completed the International Personality Item Pool and an adaptation of the Positive and Negative Affect Scales. Using Goldberg's bass‐ackwards method, we found evidence for the general factor of personality (GFP) and the two meta‐traits of positive emotionality (blend of low neuroticism and high extraversion) and constraint (blend of high agreeableness and conscientiousness). In association with positive affect, the explanatory power of the GFP (r = 0.43) and positive emotionality (r = 0.37) was largely superior to extraversion (r = 0.24), conscientiousness (r = 0.18), agreeableness (r = 0.09) and openness (r = 0.04), although not neuroticism (r = −0.34). In association with negative affect, neuroticism (r = 0.41), the GFP (r = −0.36) and positive emotionality (r = −0.35) were the most powerful single predictors. We conclude that the higher‐order structure of personality is best explained by the meta‐traits of positive emotionality and constraint, which correspond closely to the well‐established superfactors of internalizing and externalizing. We further demonstrate that these have substantial criterion validity when broad positive and negative affect is the outcome of interest. These findings help to relate Big Five meta‐traits to pathological personality. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid crystalline supramolecular crosslinked polymer complexes of ditopic rylenebisimides and P4VP
Authors: Saibal B. , Narayan Rekha , Chithiravel S. , Asha S. K. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPerylenebisimide and naphthalenebisimide (PBI‐PDP and NBI‐PDP) end functionalized with pentadecyl phenol is designed as ditopic hydrogen bonding acceptors to form supramolecular crosslinked network with poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (P4VP). The pristine PBI‐PDP has been grown as single crystals from DCM‐MeOH (dichloromethane‐methanol) mixture at room temperature, which revealed a P21 space group. Noticeably, the pentadecyl alkyl chain shields the aromatic perylene core on both sides resulting in the absence of π–π interaction in single‐crystal assembly. The naphthalenebisimide derivative exhibits thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior, while both the molecules exhibits lyotropic liquid crystalline phases in tetrahydrofuran (THF), which were characterized using a combination of differential scanning calorimeter, X‐ray diffraction, and polarized light microscopy. The hydrogen‐bonded complex of both the rylenebisimides with P4VP preserves the mesomorphic properties in THF. The electron transport mobility measured by space charge limited current measurements reveals a two orders of magnitude increase in the charge transport in the P4VP complex compared to that of the pristine molecule. The average electron mobility obtained is μe,avg: 10−3 cm2/Vs for P4VP‐PBI compared to μe,avg: 10−5 cm2/Vs for pristine PBI derivative. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 951–959
Asymmetric anionic polymerizations of 7‐(o‐substituted phenyl)‐2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone methides: Electrostatic interaction and steric, inductive, and resonance effects of the ortho‐substituent on the optical activity
Authors: Uno Takahiro , Yamamoto Shuhei , Yamane Atsushi , Kubo Masataka , Itoh Takahito 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT7‐(o‐Substituted phenyl)‐2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone methides which have an electron‐donating methoxy‐(o‐OMe, 2a) and methyl‐ (o‐Me, 2b) substituents or an electron‐withdrawing cyano‐ (o‐CN, 2c) and trifluoromethyl‐ (o‐CF3, 2d) substituents at the ortho‐position of the aromatic ring and 7‐(m‐substituted phenyl)‐2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone methide with an electron‐withdrawing trifluoromethyl‐ (m‐CF3, 2e) substituent at the meta‐position of the aromatic ring were synthesized, and their asymmetric anionic polymerizations using the complex of lithium 4‐isopropylphenoxide with (−)‐sparteine were carried out in toluene at 0 °C. The polymers with negative optical activity were obtained for all of five monomers, and their specific rotation values largely changed depending upon the substituents of the monomers. On the basis of the comparison of various substituents effects, it was found that the specific rotation of obtained polymers is significantly affected by the electronic effects such as inductive and resonance effects rather than the steric and electrostatic effects of the substituent. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1048–1058
Proteomic analysis of cell cycle arrest and differentiation induction caused by ATPR, a derivative of all‐trans retinoic acid, in human gastric cancer SGC‐7901 cells
Authors: Xia Quan , Zhao Yingli , Wang Jiali , Qiao Wenhao , Zhang Dongling , Yin Hao , Xu Dujuan , Chen Feihu 
Published: February 2017

Purpose4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethyl‐phenyl retinate (ATPR) was reported to potentially inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation activity in some tumor cells. In this study, a proteomics approach was used to investigate the possible mechanism by screening the differentially expressed protein profiles of SGC‐7901 cells before and after ATPR‐treatment in vitro.Experimental designPeptides digested from the total cellular proteins were analyzed by reverse phase LC–MS/MS followed by a label‐free quantification analysis. The SEQUEST search engine was used to identify proteins and bioinformatics resources were used to investigate the involved pathways for the differentially expressed proteins.ResultsThirteen down‐regulated proteins were identified in the ATPR‐treated group. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the effects of ATPR on 14‐3‐3ε might potentially involve the PI3K‐AKT‐FOXO pathway and P27Kip1 expression. Western blot and RT‐PCR analysis showed that ATPR could inhibit AKT phosphorylation, up‐regulate the expression of FOXO1A and P27Kip1 at both the protein and mRNA levels, and down‐regulate the cytoplasmic expression of cyclin E and CDK2. ATPR‐induced G0/G1 phase arrest and differentiation can be ablated if the P27kip1 gene is silenced with sequence‐specific siRNA or in 14‐3‐3ε overexpression of SGC‐7901 cells.Conclusion and clinical relevanceATPR might cause cell cycle arrest and differentiation in SGC‐7901 cells by simultaneously inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT and down‐regulating 14‐3‐3ε. This change would then enhance the inhibition of cyclin E/CDK2 by up‐regulating FOXO1A and P27Kip1. Our findings could be of value for finding new drug targets and for developing more effective differentiation inducer.