bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Super-resolution upgrade for deep tissue imaging featuring easy implementation
Authors: Hellerer Thomas , Byers Patrick , Kellerer Thomas , Li Miaomiao , Chen Zhifen , Huser Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Deep tissue imaging with high contrast close to or even below the optical resolution limit is still challenging due to optical aberrations and scattering introduced by dense biological samples. This results in high complexity and cost of microscopes that can facilitate such challenges. Here, we demonstrate an easy to implement method to turn most two-photon laser-scanning microscopes into a super-resolution microscope for deep tissue imaging. We realize this by adding inexpensive optical devices, namely a cylindrical lens, a field rotator, and a sCMOS camera to these systems. By combining two-photon excitation with patterned line-scanning and subsequent image reconstruction, we achieve imaging of subcellular structures in Pinus radiata, mouse heart muscle and zebrafish. In addition, the penetration depth of super-resolved imaging in highly scattering tissue is considerably extended by using the camera's lightsheet shutter mode. The flexibility of our method allows the examination of a variety of thick samples with a free choice of fluorescent markers and microscope objective lenses. Thus, with an inexpensive modification of a multi-photon microscope, an up to twofold resolution enhancement is demonstrated down to at least 70 µm deep in tissue.
Analyzing Regional Disparities in E-Commerce Adoption Among Italian SMEs: Integrating Machine Learning Clustering and Predictive Models with Econometric Analysis
Authors: Leogrande Angelo , Drago Carlo , Arnone Massimo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The article explores the diffusion of online sales tools among Italian enterprises with at least ten employees, considering regional inequalities through methods that help address economic policy. The study gives an overall assessment of the adoption of e-commerce among Italian SMEs, using multiple methods that help to identify regional disparities and provide insight for policymakers. The data were obtained from the ISTAT-BES database. Analysis was applied using the k-Means machine learning algorithm by comparing the Silhouette coefficient vs. the Elbow method. The elbow method reveals greater expository capacity, and the optimal number of clusters equals 3. The econometric analysis used the following methods: Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Weighted Least Squares-WLS, and Dynamic Panels at 1 Stage. The results show that cultural and creative employment and regular internet users are positively associated with SMEs active in e-commerce while negatively associated with the family's availability of at least one computer and internet connection. Finally, the article compares different machine learning algorithms to predict the future value of SMEs active in e-commerce. The results are discussed critically.
JEL CODE: O3, O31, O32, O33, O34
On the Hyperparameters of PCTABU and PCHC Bayesian Network Learning Algorithms
Authors: Sevinç Volkan , Tsagris Michail 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Various Bayesian network learning algorithms are proposed in the literature. This article aims to introduce PCTABU as a novel BN learning algorithm and examine and compare the estimation performances of PCTABU and PCHC algorithms, which are built on two different hyperparameters Tabu-Search (TABU) and Hill-Climbing (HC). Moreover, the estimation performances of the two algorithms are compared with respect to three different scoring functions, Bayesian Dirichlet equivalence (BDe), log-likelihood (LL), and Bayes information criterion (BIC) with both simulated and real-data-based Bayesian networks.
Antimicrobial Drug Sensitivity Pattern of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated at Ringroad State Hospital, Ibadan.
Authors: Oparemi Mujeeb Opeyemi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive, catalase-positive, coagulase-positive bacteria. They are known to be the causative agent of various infections, including pyogenic infections, impetigo, urinary tract infections, food poisoning, septicemia, meningitis, and osteomyelitis. Staphylococcus aureus, like every other bacterium, is resistant to antimicrobial drugs and continues to defend against medical control and empirical treatments for infections caused by this microorganism; thus, there is a need for antimicrobial sensitivity testing to determine the appropriate drugs for the treatment of staphylococcal infections. This study investigated the antimicrobial drug sensitivity pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples at Ring Road State Hospital, Ibadan. One hundred thirty-two (132) isolates were obtained from clinical samples and were confirmed as S. aureus. Thereafter, the antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed via the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. The sensitivity of each of the isolates was as follows: 92.4% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, 88.6% were resistant to Zinnacef, and 65.9% were resistant to Pefloxacin. In addition, 65.2% of the isolates were resistant to Rocephin, and 56.8% of the isolates were resistant to methicillin. Most of the isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (65.2%), streptomycin (56.8%), and erythromycin (50.8%). Antimicrobial drugs such as amoxicillin, Zinnacef, pefloxacin, rocephin, and methicillin were shown to be less likely to be effective in the empirical treatment of staphylococcal infections. In the study region, however, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and erythromycin are recommended as first-line antibiotics for the empirical treatment of staphylococcal infections. Statistical analysis revealed that age and sex had no influence on the sensitivity pattern of the isolates to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, rocephin, streptomycin, erythromycin, or methicillin, whereas sex influenced the sensitivity pattern of the isolates to gentamycin and Zinnacef. This study underscores the importance of surveillance of Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic sensitivity patterns to select appropriate therapies, the need to effectively monitor and improve antimicrobial policies, and funding for appropriate research and therapy for Staphylococcus aureus in the health sector.
KSW: Khmer Stop Word based Dictionary for Keyword Extraction
Authors: THUON NIMOL 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This paper introduces KSW, a Khmer-specific approach to keyword extraction that leverages a specialized stop word dictionary. Due to the limited availability of natural language processing resources for the Khmer language, effective keyword extraction has been a significant challenge. KSW addresses this by developing a tailored stop word dictionary and implementing a preprocessing methodology to remove stop words, thereby enhancing the extraction of meaningful keywords. Our experiments demonstrate that KSW achieves substantial improvements in accuracy and relevance compared to previous methods, highlighting its potential to advance Khmer text processing and information retrieval. The KSW resources, including the stop word dictionary, are available at the following GitHub repository: (https://github.com/back-kh/KSWv2-Khmer-Stop-Word-based-Dictionary-for-Keyword-Extraction.git).
Multi-target-based screening of phytochemicals found in aerial parts of Heliotropium indicum L. for identification of potential anti-urolithiatic agents using simulation methods
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Gupta Pawan , Sharma Vishnu , Dhiman Anju 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

BackGround:
Heliotropium indicum Linn., a plant also known as 'Indian heliotrope,' is found in tropical and temperate regions of the world, and throughout India. This plant exhibits varieties of therapeutic effects like anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fertility, anti-nociceptive, and anti-tumor activities. In addition, the Heliotropium indicum L. plant have been reported to have therapeutic effects in kidney stone or urolithiasis. But it is not reported to date which phytochemicals are responsible for this activity. The current studies deal with multi-targets-based virtual screening for identification of the phytochemicals found in Heliotropium indicumL. aerial parts against different targets and understanding their binding potential and pharmacokinetic profiles. The multitarget based virtual screening of phytochemical found in aerial part of Heliotropium indicum L. was performed against different anti-urolithiatic targets using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations.
Results
From the molecular docking-based screening, it was found that phytochemicals Pestalamide B, Rapanone, and Supinine possess had excellent binding modes against almost all the different targets selected for urolithiasis activities. Further validation in molecular dynamic simulations studies, these phytochemicals (Pestalamide B, Rapanone, Supinine) were supported docking results in term of stability and binding properties.
Conclusion:
Therefore, these phytochemicals (Pestalamide B, Rapanone, Supinine) from Heliotropium indicum L. aerial parts were found to have high potential most of the anti-urolithiatic targets as compared to other phytochemicals. However, these need to be proved experimentally. The results of the current studies can be exploited further for designing and discovering new anti-urolithiasis agents for the treatment of kidney stone/urolithiasis.
Detailed multivariate comparisons of environments with mobility oriented parity
Authors: Cobos Marlon E. , Owens Hannah L. , Soberón Jorge , Peterson A. Townsend 
Published: September 2024

Multivariate model projections onto conditions that differ from those under which the models were calibrated can result in uncertainty owing to response extrapolation. Therefore, interpretations of models transferred to conditions not analogous to those of model calibration must be done carefully to avoid misleading conclusions. A good practice when producing model transfers is to assess the degree of dissimilarity between calibration and transfer conditions. The mobility oriented parity (MOP) metric is a tool commonly used to quantify such dissimilarities. Our study elucidated the details of MOP, and expanded the interpretability of results when transfer conditions are not analogous to those of model calibration. We implemented a more detailed characterization of non-analogous conditions previously only identified as outside calibration ranges. In addition, we quantified the sensitivity of MOP to the density and position of reference conditions in environmental space, and explored the effect of sample size on MOP results. We show that detailed characterizations of non-analogous conditions can help to determine which variables are different between the two areas and how. This information can be used to understand causes of environmental dissimilarity and to identify variables that could be excluded from ecological niche modeling owing to extrapolation risks associated with them. Our results also show that dissimilarity values calculated in comparisons offer good indicators of how reliable interpretations can be in areas with conditions not analogous to those of reference. The tools developed and implemented in this study provide a useful, quantitatively efficient means of characterizing extrapolation uncertainty in model transfer studies, a best practice when using multivariate ecological niche models to make predictions about species’ distributions.
An extended version of the mobility oriented parity metric helps identify variables for which risks of model extrapolations can be expected.
Distinct MOP metrics used to characterize dissimilarity show comparable general patterns in transfer areas, despite differences in values.
As MOP results are influenced by background sampling size, the definition of this sample should be aimed to appropriately characterize calibration areas.
Geography and ecology structure diversification in Ziziphus Mill. (Rhamnaceae)
Authors: Rickenback Jess , Lehmann Caroline E. R. , Hauenschild Frank , Hughes Mark J. , Pezzini Flávia Fonseca , Pennington R. Toby 
Published: September 2024

Understanding the processes responsible for creating and preserving biodiversity within tropical ecosystems is essential for gaining deeper insights into the history, dynamics, and resilience of these environments. We investigated the biogeography and evolution of Ziziphus Mill. (Rhamnaceae), a genus of c.50 species found in all major tropical biomes and across Africa, Asia and Australasia to evaluate how ecology and geography structures its diversification, and their associations with functional traits. We used consistency and retention indices, as well as the delta statistic to test for phylogenetic signal in ecology, geography and functional traits. We constructed a time-calibrated phylogeny using BEAST, followed by the reconstruction of biome and geographical affinities in BioGeoBEARS, and ancestral functional trait evolution using phytools and ape. At a global scale, geography structures Ziziphus’ diversification more than ecology, as evidenced by higher phylogenetic signal in retention indices and the delta statistic. Multiple ecological switches among biomes are associated with dispersal events, which structure Ziziphus’ diversification at smaller scales. Biogeographic estimation suggests that Ziziphus evolved out of closed biomes in Asia during the Oligocene. Long distance dispersal from Asia to Africa resulted in the occupation of two novel biomes, the expanding tropical grassy biome and the desertic biome. Geographic transitions across continents that retain the same biome are fewer but are demonstrated by a dispersal from the closed biome in Asia to the same ecological setting in Australia. In keeping with the younger age of the savanna biome and the Pliocene radiation of geoxylic species, the youngest species in Ziziphus are mostly found in open biomes, and the youngest habit is geoxylic. Leaf hair appears to confer advantages across biomes whilst being a synapomorphy for open and desertic clades. One of two evolutions back into closed biomes is associated with the development of the liana habit.

We inferred the most complete phylogeny for Ziziphus to date.

Ziziphus
originated in closed biomes in Asia in the Oligocene.

At a global scale, geography structures diversification more than ecology (biome preference) in Ziziphus.

Biome shifts are frequently associated with long distance dispersal events.
Shifts in growth form are frequently associated with biome shifts.
Morpholine-tethered Novel Hydrazones as Promising Non-peptidic Prolyl Oligopeptidase (POP) Inhibitors: Synthesis In Vitro and In Silico Studies
Authors: Khalid Urwa , Fatima Noor , Ullah Saeed , Halim Sobia Ahsan , Khan Ajmal , Mali Suraj N. , El-kott Attalla F. , AlShehri Mohammed A. , Kashtoh Hamdy , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Shafiq Zahid 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is a pivotal druggable target implicated
in diverse biological processes and linked to the development of various ailments,
including neurodegenerative disorders. While conventional peptide-based inhibitors
have been a centerpiece, their limitations, such as restricted bioavailability, necessitate
exploration of non-peptidic inhibitors for their therapeutic potential.

Method:
This study focuses on designing, synthesizing, and assessing morpholine-based
hydrazones targeting the catalytic serine residue of POP. The hydrazones (5a-o), reported
as moderately potent analogs compared to the renowned Z-Pro-Prolinal, demonstrated
in vitro POP inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 13.60 ± 2.51 to 36.51 ± 1.82
μM. The derivative 5h, with an IC50 of 13.60 ± 2.51 μM, emerged as the most potent inhibitor.

Results:
Moreover, the in vitro kinetic study of compound 5h indicated that it exhibited
concentration-dependent type of inhibition. in silico docking studies of 5h revealed robust
interactions in the POP enzyme's active site, yielding a docking score of ˗6.30 Kcal/-
mol, consistent with experimental results.

Conclusion:
All findings underscored the potential of synthesized derivatives for drug
development.
Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting CTNNB1 (β-catenin) for Endometrial cancer: Employing 3D QSAR, Drug-Likeness Assessment, ADMET Predictions, Molecular Docking and Simulation
Authors: Fatima Israr , Rehman Abdur , Wang Peng , He Zhijie , Liao Mingzhi 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a type of cancer that originates in the lining
of the uterus, known as the endometrium. It is associated with various treatment options such
as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy, each presenting unique challenges
and limitations. Beta-catenin, a protein involved in the development and progression of several
cancers, including EC, plays a crucial role. Abnormal beta-catenin signaling is often linked to
the emergence of specific EC subtypes, affecting tumor growth and invasion.

Objectives:
The study's objective is to identify compounds targeting the beta-catenin protein for
treating endometrial cancer (EC) using in silico drug design. Our approach includes molecular
docking to evaluate binding affinities, ADME profiling for pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity assessments,
and molecular dynamics simulations to assess compound stability and interactions.

Methods:
Approximately one thousand anti-cancer phytochemicals were sourced from PubChem
and subjected to molecular docking simulations against the beta-catenin protein. The compounds
were evaluated based on their binding affinities, with the top five selected for further analysis. These
five molecules underwent toxicity and ADME profiling. The Prediction of Activity Spectra
for Substances (PASS) tool was used to identify compounds targeting CTNNB1. Comparative
molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA)
were employed to establish quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for the
five CTNNB1 antagonist molecules.

Results:
The selected five compounds, namely Pazopanib, Binimetinib, Telatinib, 4-(2,3-Dihydrobenzo[
b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-3-((5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)thio)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one, and Ribavirin,
demonstrated efficacy against CTNN1. MD simulations of the docked complexes confirmed
the stability of these drugs in binding to the target protein. All five molecules showed
promising safety and effectiveness profiles according to their ADME and toxicity evaluations.

Conclusion:
Through a comprehensive screening process employing in silico drug design methods,
this study successfully identified five potential human anticancer drug candidates targeting
the beta-catenin protein. These findings offer a foundation for further experimental validation and
development towards the treatment of EC.
Vincristine in Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Garg Nitika , Farhat Joviana , Dhankhar Sanchit , Chauhan Samrat , Bala Rajni , Madaan Reecha , Sharma Himanshu , Saini Monika , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Aldahish Afaf Ahmed , Almarhoon Zainab , Al-Omari Basem , Sharifi-Rad Javad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Cancer remains one of the predominant causes of mortality globally, accounting
for over 10 million deaths each year. Despite advancements in medical treatments, the challenge
of resistance and treatment failure persists, necessitating innovative approaches. Traditional
cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and pharmaceutical
therapy. In recent years, significant attention has been directed towards plant-derived
compounds as potential chemotherapeutic agents and preventive measures against cancer.
Vincristine, a distinguished alkaloid derived from plant secondary metabolites, has shown
considerable efficacy in cancer treatment. As a member of the antimitotic class of compounds,
vincristine disrupts the cell cycle by causing aberrations in microtubule function,
thereby inhibiting cell division and proliferation. This mechanism of action positions vincristine
as a potent agent against various malignancies. Its role in combination therapy is crucial,
as it is often administered in low doses alongside other chemotherapeutic agents to enhance
its efficacy and reduce the risk of resistance. In the realm of medicinal chemistry, understanding
vincristine's molecular mechanism is paramount. Detailed investigations into its
interaction with cellular components can provide insights into its antineoplastic properties.
This review aimed to elucidate vincristine's mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship,
and summarize current in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating its efficacy. Moreover,
it discusses innovative strategies, including nanotechnology-based delivery systems,
designed to optimize vincristine formulations. These advanced delivery systems aim to improve
bioavailability, target specificity, and minimize systemic toxicity. This comprehensive
analysis underscores the critical role of vincristine in contemporary cancer treatment
and highlights future directions for research and development in this field.
Unravelling Peptic Ulcers: Comprehensive Insights into Etiology, Diagnosis, Screening Techniques, and Treatment
Authors: Pathak Rashmi , Chandra Phool , Sachan Neetu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
The risk of illnesses is increasing in the modern era due to unhealthy and modern lifestyles. Research
has shown that the most frequent acid-induced abrasion, which often occurs in the stomach and proximal
duodenum, is gastric and Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), which is a primary worldwide health concern. The
deformity is characterized by denuded mucosa and spreads into the submucosa. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs) and H. pylori infections are two common offenders. In the past, it has been
thought that dietary variables, stress, and an acidic hypersecretory state encourage mucosal disruption in peptic
acid disease patients. Peptic ulcers continue to be a significant health issue because of their potential for
substantial consequences, including bleeding, blockage, and perforation, even with advancements in detection
and treatment. This review discusses current screening methods for peptic ulcers and the challenges in diagnosis
and treatment, emphasizing the need for precise diagnosis and more effective therapies.