bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress Evaluation in Patients Treated with Orthodontic Self-ligating Multibracket Appliances: An in Vivo Case-Control Study
Authors: Portelli Marco , Militi Angela , Cervino Gabriele , Lauritano Floriana , Sambataro Sergio , Mainardi Alberto , Nucera Riccardo 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
Oxidative stress is a pathologic event induced by a prevalence of oxidant agents on the antioxidant ones, with a consequent alteration of oxide-reducing balance.

Introduction:
Freeradicals produce damages both in cellular and extra-cellular components; phospholipid membranes, proteins, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, are the target of the oxidative stress, that can finally cause cellular death due to apoptosis.

Materials & Methods:
Orthodontic appliances such as brackets, wires, resins and soldering have some components that can be considered as potential allergen, carcinogenic, cytotoxic and gene mutation factors. The primary aim of this research is to evaluate oxidative stress in the saliva of patients treated with multibracket self-ligating vestibular orthodontic appliances; the secondary purpose is to investigate the influence of orthodontic multibracket therapy on oral hygiene and the consequent effect on oxidative stress. Salivary specimens has been collected in a sample of 23 patients were enrolled (12 Female, 11 Male) between 12 and 16 years of age (mean age 14.2). For each patient has been collected a salivary specimen at the following time points; before orthodontic bonding (T1), five weeks (T2) and ten weeks (T3) after orthodontic appliance bonding.

Results:
Samples has been analysed with a photometer due to SAT Test (Salivary Antioxidant Test). Data obtained show a mean of 2971 mEq/l of anti-oxidant agents before orthodontic treatment, and after five weeks from the bonding the mean was decreased to 2909 mEq/l, instead at ten weeks was increased to 3332 mEq/l. Repeated measures ANOVA did not reveal statistically significant differences between the time points (P = 0.1697). The study did not reveal any correlation between the level of dental hygiene and that of oxidative stress (Pearson Correlation Coefficient R = 0).

Conclusion:
Orthodontic treatment with multibrackets vestibular metallic appliance seems to be not able to affect oxidative stress during the first ten weeks of therapy.
Non-Coding RNAs are Differentially Expressed by Nocardia brasiliensis in Vitro and in Experimental Actinomycetoma
Authors: Cruz-Rabadán Josué S. , Miranda-Ríos Juan , Espín-Ocampo Guadalupe , Méndez-Tovar Luis J. , Maya-Pineda Héctor Rubén , Hernández-Hernández Francisca 
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Nocardia spp. are common soil-inhabiting bacteria that frequently infect humans through traumatic injuries or inhalation routes and cause infections, such as actinomycetoma and nocardiosis, respectively. Nocardia brasiliensis is the main aetiological agent of actinomycetoma in various countries. Many bacterial non-coding RNAs are regulators of genes associated with virulence factors.

Objective:
The aim of this work was to identify non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) expressed during infection conditions and in free-living form (in vitro) in Nocardia brasiliensis.

Methods and Result:
The N. brasiliensis transcriptome (predominately < 200 nucleotides) was determined by RNA next-generation sequencing in both conditions. A total of seventy ncRNAs were identified in both conditions. Among these ncRNAs, 18 were differentially expressed, 12 were located within intergenic regions, and 2 were encoded as antisense of 2 different genes. Finally, 10 of these ncRNAs were studied by rapid amplification of cDNA ends and/or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Interestingly, 3 transcripts corresponded to tRNA-derived fragments (tRNAsCys, Met, Thr), and one transcript was overlapped between an intergenic region and the 5´end of the 23S rRNA. Expression of these last four transcripts was increased during N. brasiliensis infection compared with the in vitro conditions.

Conclusion:
The results of this work suggest a possible role for these transcripts in the regulation of virulence genes in actinomycetoma pathogenesis.
Knowledge and Awareness of MTCT and PMTCT Post-Natal Follow-up Services Among HIV Infected Mothers in the Mankweng Region, South Africa
Authors: Ramoshaba Refilwe , Sithole Sello Levy 
Published: July 2017

Background:The pandemic of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the most severe health challenge affecting children across the world. It is estimated that more than 90% of all HIV infections in children result from Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT). Poor knowledge and awareness of MTCT and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) among HIV positive mothers and their babies is a major setback to the success of the PMTCT programmes.Methods:A qualitative approach and a cross-sectional design were applied in this study. The sample size of the study was 26 participants. Purposive sampling was used to select HIV infected mothers enrolled for PMTCT follow-up services and health care providers responsible for the implementation of the PMTCT programmes. In-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen HIV infected mothers at two health facilities. Two Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with eleven health workers at the two health facilities. Focus groups comprised of six participants from Mankweng Clinic and five participants from Mankweng Gateway Clinic.Results:The findings from the study reveal that the majority of the respondents were aware of MTCT, but lacked knowledge and understanding about how a mother can transmit HIV to her child during pregnancy, labour and breastfeeding. The majority of the participants did not understand the risk of MTCT after birth and failed to mention breastfeeding as a mode of transmission. However, most of the participants were aware that MTCT can be prevented. The respondents were aware of the importance of treatment adherence as a prevention measure to avoid MTCT.Conclusion:Based on these findings, a number of recommendations were made. The first is that educational and awareness programmes need to be developed or strengthened on health risks. Mass campaign media should provide information on the importance of PMTCT activities through the use of community radio stations, Television, newsletters, bill boards etc. People need to know more about PMTCT activities, health personnel need continuous training to provide clear information on PMTCT activities.
Peritoneal Equilibration Test Reference Values Using A 3.86% Glucose Solution during the First Year of Peritoneal Dialysis: Results of a Multicenter Study of a Large Patient Population
Authors: Milia Vincenzo La , Cabiddu Gianfranca , Virga Giovambattista , Vizzardi Valerio , Giuliani Anna , Finato Viviana , Feriani Mariano , Filippini Armando , Neri Loris , Lisi Lucia 
Published: July 2017

Background The original peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was used to classify peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients using a 2.27% glucose solution. It has since been suggested that a 3.86% glucose solution be used because this provides better information about ultrafiltration (UF) capacity and the sodium (Na) sieving of the peritoneal membrane. Objective The aim of this study was to determine reference values for a PET using a 3.86% glucose solution (PET-3.86%). Methods We evaluated the PET-3.86% in a large population of incident PD patients attending 27 Italian dialysis centers. Results We evaluated the results of 758 PET-3.86% in 758 incident PD patients (1 test per patient). The mean duration of PD was 5 ± 3 months. The ratio of the concentrations of creatinine in dialysate/plasma (D/PCreat) was 0.73 ± 0.1 (median 0.74). The ratio between the concentrations of glucose at the end/beginning of the test (D/D0) was 0.25 ± 0.08 (median 0.24). Ultrafiltration uncorrected and corrected for bag overfill was respectively 776 ± 295 mL (median 781 mL) and 675 ± 308 mL (median 689 mL). Sodium sieving was 8.4 ± 3.8 mmol/L (median 8.0 mmol/L). Conclusion The results of the study provide PET-3.86% reference values for the beginning of PD that can be used to classify PD patients into transport classes and monitor them over time.
A Simple Depth-of-Search Metric for Exoplanet Imaging Surveys
Authors: Garrett Daniel , Savransky Dmitry , Macintosh Bruce 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We present a procedure for calculating expected exoplanet imaging yields that explicitly separates the effects of instrument performance from assumptions of planet distributions. This “depth-of-search” approach allows for fast recalculation of yield values for variations in instrument parameters. We also describe a new target star selection metric with no dependence on an assumed planet population that can be used as a proxy for single-visit completeness. This approach allows for the recovery of the total mission completeness via convolution of the depth-of-search grid with an equivalent grid of assumed occurrence rates and summation over the part of the grid representing the population of interest (e.g., Earth-like planets on habitable zone orbits, etc.). In this work, we discuss the practical details of calculating the depth-of-search and present results of such calculations for one design iteration of the WFIRST coronagraphs.
Spatial Offsets in Flare-CME Current Sheets
Authors: Raymond John C. , Giordano Silvio , Ciaravella Angela 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection plays an integral part in nearly all models of solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The reconnection heats and accelerates the plasma, produces energetic electrons and ions, and changes the magnetic topology to form magnetic flux ropes and to allow CMEs to escape. Structures that appear between flare loops and CME cores in optical, UV, EUV, and X-ray observations have been identified as current sheets and have been interpreted in terms of the nature of the reconnection process and the energetics of the events. Many of these studies have used UV spectral observations of high temperature emission features in the [Fe xviii] and Si xii lines. In this paper, we discuss several surprising cases in which the [Fe xviii] and Si xii emission peaks are spatially offset from each other. We discuss interpretations based on asymmetric reconnection, on a thin reconnection region within a broader streamer-like structure, and on projection effects. Some events seem to be easily interpreted as the projection of a sheet that is extended along the line of sight that is viewed an angle, but a physical interpretation in terms of asymmetric reconnection is also plausible. Other events favor an interpretation as a thin current sheet embedded in a streamer-like structure.
Redox States of Initial Atmospheres Outgassed on Rocky Planets and Planetesimals
Authors: Schaefer Laura , Fegley Bruce 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The Earth and other rocky planets and planetesimals in the solar system formed through the mixing of materials from various radial locations in the solar nebula. This primordial material likely had a range of oxidation states as well as bulk compositions and volatile abundances. We investigate the oxygen fugacity produced by the outgassing of mixtures of solid meteoritic material, which approximate the primitive nebular materials. We find that the gas composition and oxygen fugacity of binary and ternary mixtures of meteoritic materials vary depending on the proportion of reduced versus oxidized material, and also find that mixtures using differentiated materials do not show the same oxygen fugacity trends as those using similarly reduced but undifferentiated materials. We also find that simply mixing the gases produced by individual meteoritic materials together does not correctly reproduce the gas composition or oxygen fugacity of the binary and ternary mixtures. We provide tabulated fits for the oxygen fugacities of all of the individual materials and binary mixtures that we investigate. These values may be useful in planetary formation models, models of volatile transport on planetesimals or meteorite parent bodies, or models of trace element partitioning during metal-silicate fractionation.
The HAWC Real-time Flare Monitor for Rapid Detection of Transient Events
Authors: Abeysekara A. U. , Alfaro R. , Alvarez C. , Álvarez J. D. , Arceo R. , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Rojas D. Avila , Solares H. A. Ayala , Barber A. S. , Bautista-Elivar N. , Gonzalez J. Becerra , Becerril A. , Belmont-Moreno E. , BenZvi S. Y. , Bernal A. , Braun J. , Brisbois C. , Caballero-Mora K. S. , Capistrán T. , Carramiñana A. , Casanova S. , Castillo M. , Cotti U. , Cotzomi J. , León S. Coutiño de , Fuente E. De la , León C. De , Díaz-Vélez J. C. , Dingus B. L. , DuVernois M. A. , Ellsworth R. W. , Engel K. , Fiorino D. W. , Fraija N. , García-González J. A. , Garfias F. , Gerhardt M. , González M. M. , Muñoz A. González , Goodman J. A. , Hampel-Arias Z. , Harding J. P. , Hernandez S. , Hernandez-Almada A. , Hona B. , Hui C. M. , Hüntemeyer P. , Iriarte A. , Jardin-Blicq A. , Joshi V. , Kaufmann S. , Kieda D. , Lauer R. J. , Lee W. H. , Lennarz D. , Vargas H. León , Linnemann J. T. , Longinotti A. L. , López-Cámara D. , López-Coto R. , Raya G. Luis , Luna-García R. , Malone K. , Marinelli S. S. , Martinez O. , Martinez-Castellanos I. , Martínez-Castro J. , Martínez-Huerta H. , Matthews J. A. , Miranda-Romagnoli P. , Moreno E. , Mostafá M. , Nellen L. , Newbold M. , Nisa M. U. , Noriega-Papaqui R. , Pelayo R. , Pérez-Pérez E. G. , Pretz J. , Ren Z. , Rho C. D. , Rivière C. , Rosa-González D. , Rosenberg M. , Ruiz-Velasco E. , Salazar H. , Greus F. Salesa , Sandoval A. , Schneider M. , Schoorlemmer H. , Sinnis G. , Smith A. J. , Springer R. W. , Surajbali P. , Taboada I. , Tibolla O. , Tollefson K. , Torres I. , Ukwatta T. N. , Vianello G. , Weisgarber T. , Westerhoff S. , Wisher I. G. , Wood J. , Yapici T. , Younk P. W. , Zepeda A. , Zhou H. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We present the development of a real-time flare monitor for the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory. The flare monitor has been fully operational since 2017 January and is designed to detect very high energy (VHE; E ≳ 100 GeV) transient events from blazars on timescales lasting from 2 minutes to 10 hr in order to facilitate multiwavelength and multimessenger studies. These flares provide information for investigations into the mechanisms that power the blazars’ relativistic jets and accelerate particles within them, and they may also serve as probes of the populations of particles and fields in intergalactic space. To date, the detection of blazar flares in the VHE range has relied primarily on pointed observations by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The recently completed HAWC observatory offers the opportunity to study VHE flares in survey mode, scanning two-thirds of the entire sky every day with a field of view of ∼1.8 steradians. In this work, we report on the sensitivity of the HAWC real-time flare monitor and demonstrate its capabilities via the detection of three high-confidence VHE events in the blazars Markarian 421 and Markarian 501.
Three new species and one new subspecies of Depressariinae (Lepidoptera) from Europe
Authors: Buchner Peter , Corley Martin , Junnilainen Jari 
Published: July 2017

The speciesDepressaria albarracinellaCorley,sp. n.,Agonopterix carduncelliCorley,sp. n.andAgonopterix pseudoferulaeBuchner &amp; Junnilainen,sp. n.and the subspecies Depressaria saharae Gastón &amp; Vives ssp. tabelli Buchner,ssp. n.are described.Depressaria albarracinellawas first found in Spain in 1969 and recognised as apparently new but the specimens in NHMUK have remained undescribed. Additional Spanish material has been located in ZMUC and other collections and three specimens have been found from Greece.Agonopterix carduncelli. A single male of an unidentifiedAgonopterixof thepallorellagroup was found in Algarve, Portugal in 2010. A search for larvae in March 2011 was successful and one male and one female were reared fromCarthamus caeruleus. Additional specimens of the new species have been located in collections from Spain, Greece and Morocco.Agonopterix pseudoferulae. A specimen from Greece with the nameAgonopterix ferulae(Zeller, 1847) found in the Klimesch collection in ZSM had forewing markings which suggested that it might be a different species. Further specimens from Italy and Greece have been examined, among them two reared fromElaeoselinum asclepium(Apiaceae). Both genitalia and barcode show that this is an undescribed species.Depressaria saharaeGastón &amp; Vives, 2017 was described very recently (Gastón and Vives 2017) from northern Spain with a brief description, and figures of two males and male genitalia. Here the new species is redescribed, and additional data on distribution and relationships of the new species added. The opportunity is also taken to show that Canary Islands specimens with the same male genitalia should be treated as a new subspecies D. saharae ssp. tabelli Buchner,ssp. n.
Théorie de la régulation, régulations, « régulationnistes » : éléments de méthodes et conditions d’une communauté épistémique
Authors: Chanteau Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2017

Cet article présente l’objet empirique de la théorie de la régulation (TR) à l’aune de son histoire et des apports de différentes disciplines scientifiques. Puis il éclaire la diversité des pratiques scientifiques observées dans ce champ théorique en intégrant les différences de positions ontologiques des chercheurs : sont ainsi caractérisées deux approches concurrentes (positiviste-injonctive vs constructiviste-procédurale) investies dans la TR. Il montre enfin comment la seconde s’inscrit dans un structurisme critique, dont l’article tire quelques propositions méthodologiques nécessaires à la réflexivité du travail de recherche et qui pourrait structurer positivement des chercheurs « hétérodoxes » – dont les « régulationnistes » – en une communauté épistémique explicite. JEL codes : B41, B5, A12, Z13
« Some aspects of railroad rates » (1922) : Edward H. Chamberlin avant Harvard, l’oligopole comme un premier pas vers la concurrence monopolistique
Authors: Guicherd Thibault 
Published: July 2017

L’article analyse un manuscrit inédit d’Edward H. Chamberlin de 1922 intitulé « Some aspects of railroad rates ». Il s’agit d’un essai rédigé avant son entrée à l’Université de Harvard et ses travaux sur la théorie de la concurrence monopolistique. Ce document comporte plusieurs intuitions explicites préfigurant la théorie du duopole que développera Chamberlin dans le cadre de sa thèse (1927), confirmant l’importance de l’oligopole comme premier pas vers l’idée de différenciation du produit (1961). De plus, cette manière de présenter sa théorie introduit une lecture alternative de celle-ci, l’éloignant de la théorie de la concurrence imparfaite de Joan V. Robinson à laquelle elle est souvent comparée. JEL codes : B13, B31, D43
Agir dans la diversité des langues
Authors: Mahmoudian Mortéza 
Published: July 2017

Théoriquement, la description linguistique vise à dégager la structure de la langue, c’est-à-dire un ensemble de mécanismes par lesquels émetteur et récepteur parviennent à communiquer. En pratique, elle aboutit non à une structure une, mais bien à un ensemble de variantes de structure. Le résultat se présente souvent comme l’exposé de données – parfois agrémentées de chiffres, tabelles, graphiques,… Bref, la structure linguistique se présente ainsi d’une grande complexité. Face à la complexité, on peut être tenté de remettre en cause l’existence de la langue et la possibilité de la communication. Une autre réaction serait de se demander dans quelle mesure pareilles descriptions reflètent la possibilité et les limites de la communication par la langue. Ce chapitre part de cette interrogation. Il pose un problème complémentaire : quels sont les attributs dont sont – doivent être – doués les sujets parlants pour utiliser efficacement l’outil complexe qu’est une langue ? Ce qui conduit à interroger les neurosciences sur la structure et le fonctionnement neurobiologiques de l’homme, tels qu’elles les conçoivent aujourd’hui.
Agir dans la diversité des langues
Authors: Forster Vosicki Brigitte 
Published: July 2017

Ce chapitre porte autant sur le contexte de la création en 2003 de la Commission de politique linguistique (CPL) de l’Université de Lausanne (UNIL) – en tension entre diversité accrue et recours à une lingua franca – que sur certaines de ses activités visant à maintenir la diversité et infléchir la tendance à privilégier une lingua franca unique. En effet, dans le contexte actuel d’internationalisation, on observe une augmentation du caractère multilingue et multiculturel des institutions universitaires ; ceci engendre des contextes plus hétérogènes et introduit de nouvelles langues pour l’apprentissage, l’enseignement et la recherche ainsi que pour la collaboration et la promotion des institutions au niveau international. Ce chapitre examine d’abord les tendances contradictoires entre, d’une part, la valeur ajoutée attendue du plurilinguisme, étayée par des résultats de recherche récents en relation avec les objectifs de la politique éducative européenne et plus particulièrement ceux de Bologne, et, d’autre part, la tendance à privilégier l’anglais comme lingua franca unique avec le risque d’uniformisation que cela comporte. Face à ces nouveaux défis émerge le besoin d’un traitement explicite de la question du plurilinguisme en tant que condition indispensable à la qualité de la formation, de la recherche et de la communication scientifique et institutionnelle. L’enjeu d’une telle politique est de créer des conditions nécessaires pour les acteurs universitaires qui doivent disposer d’un profil plurilingue et interculturel adéquat et d’agir sur une dimension multilingue dans la communication scientifique et institutionnelle. En s’appuyant sur diverses actions de la CPL, quelques aspects d’une telle politique sont considérés dans ce chapitre, par exemple la nécessité de sensibiliser les acteurs au rôle du plurilinguisme en rapport aux objectifs de Bologne, la question des langues d’enseignement, l’intégration du développement du profil plurilingue des étudiants dans les facultés ainsi que le rôle du plurilinguisme dans la stratégie d’internationalisation de l’UNIL.
Agir dans la diversité des langues
Authors: Lüdi Georges 
Published: July 2017

La prédominance de l’anglais dans le domaine académique est assez généralement admise. Mais l’idéologie unilingue sous-jacente, privilégiant une seule lingua franca au détriment de toutes les autres langues, est fortement contestable. Or, un mouvement de revalorisation du plurilinguisme durant les dernières années a mis l’accent sur les avantages cognitifs, sociaux et stratégiques de la diversité linguistique, entre autres au sein d’équipes mixtes. Dans le projet DYLAN, les membres du Consortium ont développé un régime des langues fondé sur le plurilinguisme pour la communication interne, mais aussi pour les rapports scientifiques et les publications. Ce chapitre présente le fonctionnement et les avantages de cette gestion des langues ainsi que du « raisonnement plurilingue » sous-jacent ; et il pose la question de savoir si un tel régime pourrait servir de modèle pour le monde académique et les publications scientifiques en général.
A Normalidade do Business no Ensino da Administração e a Marginalização do Público e do Social
Authors: De Almeida Nascimento Marcos Adller , Duarte de Araújo Maria Arlete 
Published: July 2017

A hipótese norteadora deste percurso investigativo é a de que Cursos de Administração em universidades públicas brasileiras apresentam matrizes curriculares que privilegiam o espaço privado e a economia de mercado em detrimento dos temas da Administração Pública (AP) e do ambiente de sua congênere, a Gestão Social (GS). O objetivo do artigo é, então, compreender o espaço que o ensino de conteúdos da administração pública ocupa em cursos de administração “generalistas”. Em linhas gerais, os resultados alcançados corroboram com a hipótese de que a disciplina da Administração Pública é pouco explorada em processos generalistas de ensino-aprendizagem em graduação de administração.