bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TROPICS FIELD STUDY (PANAMA), 32-YEAR SITE VISIT: OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS FOR NEAR SHORE DISPERSANT USE NEBA AND TRADEOFFS
Authors: Renegar D. Abigail , Schuler Paul , Turner Nicholas , Dodge Richard , Riegl Bernhard , Knap Anthony , Bera Gopal , Jézéquel Ronan , Benggio Bradford 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT (#2017-141)
The Tropical Oil Pollution Investigations in Coastal Systems (TROPICS) experiment initiated in 1984 on the Caribbean coast of Panama has become one of the most comprehensive field experiments examining effects of oil exposure to a combination of tropical marine reef, seagrass, and mangrove communities. The experimental dosage was chosen to simulate a severe but realistic spill scenario so that results could be useful in decisions about the extent to which dispersants reduced or exacerbated the effects of an oil spill on tropical environments of mangroves, seagrasses, and corals. Research has been conducted in the area prior to and 30+ years following exposure to evaluate long term effects. In July 2016, an international research team revisited the TROPICS field sites. In previous data collection visits, visual observations and core samples of the mangrove substrate at the non-treated (Oil only) site revealed the presence of oil. This “trapped” oil also apparently resulted in lower recovery rates for mangroves in that site. Of particular interest in the 2016 revisit was to determine the presence/non-presence of oil in core samples via new petroleum biomarker triple quadrupole mass spectrometry technology. Additionally, data collection and observations of the extent, diversity, and health of the shallow coral reefs, seagrass, and mangroves were conducted at the three sites. The focus was on the initial disruption and recovery of the study ecosystem over 32 years from the original dosing with crude oil or dispersed crude oil. Analysis qualitatively compared the 2016 results to 1984 pre-spill and post-spill conditions of each site. This paper discusses the results of the 2016 TROPICS study site revisit and conclusions for oil spill preparedness and response, particularly as it applies to the trade-offs for the use of dispersants in near shore tropical marine ecosystems.
Water-column Measurements and Observations from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment
Authors: Payne James R. , Driskell William B. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT NO. 2017-167
As part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) effort following the Deepwater Horizon (MC252) blowout and oil spill in 2010, over 5,300 water samples were forensically evaluated both as evidence of exposure and to validate oil fate and transport modelling. In addition to whole water-sample grabs, particulate-oil and dissolved-phase samples from the subsurface release were separated (filtered) in the field to provide detailed information on the partitioning behavior of oil droplets in a deepwater plume (1,000–1,400m) extending to the southwest (SW) of the wellhead. Offshore, the subsurface plume was visually observed and photographed using remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), and tracked in conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD), dissolved oxygen (DO), and fluorometry profiles. The farthest reach of the plume was 412 km (250 mi) SW of the wellhead as confirmed by multiple lines of evidence (i.e., depth, fluorometry spikes, DO sags, and dispersant indicators) and out to 267 km as weathered, phase-discriminated, confirmed hydrocarbon profiles. With increasing time and distance from the wellhead, the plume’s polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) signal became diluted and eventually no longer detectible using selected-ion-monitoring (SIM) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), although the plume was still discernible in the corroborating data. We hypothesize that microbial degradation at depth converted the PAH and aliphatics into oxygenated and polar products not detectible using SIM GC/MS methods.
Near-surface oil samples showed evidence of substantial dissolution weathering as the oil droplets rose through the water column, and further evaporative losses of lower-molecular-weight n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons occurred after the oil reached the surface. Surface oil also showed evidence of photo-oxidation of alkylated chrysenes and triaromatic steranes. Typical of surface oil dynamics, increases in dissolved and particulate-oil fractions were observed in the shallow sub-surface as a result of both dispersant effects and wave reentrainment of surface films. Dispersant treatment effects, both as surface applications and injected at the wellhead, showed uniquely enhanced-dissolution weathering patterns in PAH profiles with limited or delayed microbial degradation of saturated hydrocarbons (SHC) close to the wellhead. From an oil-fate-and-transport standpoint, these data document that the dispersant applications at depth were functionally effective in breaking up the oil droplets and thereby preventing some portion of the oil from reaching the surface.
DERELICT AND ABANDONED VESSELS: A UNIQUE STATE APPROACH TO PREVENTION AND REMOVAL
Authors: Cook Stephen (Craig) 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT # 2017-408The Texas General Land Office (TGLO) has developed an innovative and cost effective approach to dispose of abandoned vessels along the Texas coast. For years, unscrupulous vessel owners have removed serial numbers and registration information from primarily fiberglass boats and cast them adrift in remote or isolated areas along the Texas coast. Weather incidents have also contributed to hundreds of abandoned vessels in or near Texas waters. These vessels, which often still have fuel and lubricants on board, present a threat to the environment, navigation and public safety. Unfortunately, budget constraints, jurisdictional boundaries, and regulations prevent the local, state and federal agencies that have an interest in removing these vessels from taking action. The TGLO strategy is designed to help rid coastal areas of abandoned vessels before they enter coastal water. The Vessel Turn-In Program, known as VTIP, promotes partnerships by pooling the unique funding, capital and human resources of government entities and stakeholders to form a cost effective approach to eliminating abandoned vessels and the pollution they create.
Assessment of oil weathering and impact in mangrove ecosystem: PRISME Experiment.
Authors: Jézéquel Ronan , Duboscq Karine , Sylvi Léa , Michaud Emma , Ferriz Lise Millera , Roic Enora , Duran Robert , Cravo-laureau Cristiana , Michotey Valérie , Bonin Patricia , Gilbert Franck , Tedetti Marc , Militon Cécile , Cuny Philippe 
Published: December 2017

Abstract 2017-410
Mangroves are among the most sensitive marine ecosystems to oil pollution due both to the sensitivity of mangroves species and to the high persistence of hydrocarbons in these environments. Despite their ecological and socio-economic value, the potential effects of an oil spill on French Guiana mangroves remain so far unknown. Yet, there is an increasing transboundary risk of oil spill due to Brazilian offshore oil exploitation (in mid-April 2013, there were 122 offshore drilling rigs in Brazil, including 29 under construction – Brazilian Amapá region located in the French Guiana border area is thought to become an important world oil production area in the coming years).
The aim of the PRISME project was to assess the natural degradation of oil in mangrove sediment as well as its impact on benthic communities (micro, meio and macrobenthos): a one-month in situ experiment was conducted in the young French Guianese mangrove (around 3 years old) at the mouth of the Sinnamary estuary. The experimental units consisted in eight plastic cores (Ø : 10 cm ; height: 30 cm) manually introduced within sediments. A thin layer of oiled sediment (2 cm, 20 000 ppm) was applied on four cores while the remaining four cores were considered as control (no oil addition). Three cores were additionally sampled at the beginning of the experiment as initial control sediments. After one month in situ, the eight cores were collected and sliced on site into different sedimentary layers aliquots for later analyses (hydrocarbons, bacterial, meio, macrofauna fauna diversity, bioturbation, biogeochemical parameters). Samples were sent to the different laboratories involved in this multidisciplinary project.
Results and knowledge gained from this experimental work were used to develop an approach for assessing coastal vulnerability for oil spills preparedness in mangroves.
Development of Oil Spill Response Decision Support Tool for Aerial Spraying of Dispersants
Authors: Dillon-Gibbons Craig , Galtry Cameron , Boustead Nicholas , D’Arcy-Evans Nicholas , Kurts Phillip , Jal Eric , Kilner Andrew , Washington Daniel 
Published: December 2017

2017-280 Abstract
This paper describes the development of a Decision Support Tool (DST) for response planning associated with aerial operations for offshore oil spills. The research program was formulated to include characterization of dispersant spray drift through numerical modeling to generate a database of drift response for a range of airframes and environmental conditions. The drift of aerial dispersants is dependent on a number of different influences including airframe shape and aerodynamics, environmental effects, flight conditions and aerial dispersant make up. As with agricultural spraying, oil spill response spraying has the potential of spray drift to impact upon ecologically sensitive regions and/or areas occupied by people or marine mammals surfacing in the spill area. The development of the DST included an evaluation of existing regulatory models, investigating their application to the offshore environment. It was found that, due to inherent limitations and simplifications, particularly for the larger airframes considered, the existing models were under conservative in comparison with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models in the near field wake regions for offshore spraying purposes. To address these issues, a combination of scaling factors and the use of inviscid vortex transport and particle dispersion models were adopted for inclusion in the DST. It is envisaged that, once validated further, the DST will become an invaluable tool for Oil Spill Response Operators (OSROs) and decision planners in both the operational mode of providing information to aid in establishing setback distances and in the planning mode to assist with the identification of windows of opportunity conducive to spraying operations.
Using Stable Isotopes in Water Vapor to Diagnose Relationships Between Lower‐Tropospheric Stability, Mixing, and Low‐Cloud Cover Near the Island of Hawaii
Authors: Galewsky Joseph 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn situ measurements of water vapor isotopic composition from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, are merged with soundings from Hilo to show an inverse relationship between the estimated inversion strength (EIS) and isotopically derived measures of lower‐tropospheric mixing. Remote sensing estimates of cloud fraction, cloud liquid water path, and cloud top pressure were all found to be higher (lower) under low (high) EIS. Inverse modeling of the isotopic data corresponding to terciles of EIS conditions provide quantitative constraints on the last‐saturation temperatures and mixing fractions that govern the humidity above the trade inversion. The mixing fraction of water vapor transported from the boundary layer to Mauna Loa decreases with respect to EIS at a rate of about 3% K−1, corresponding to a mixing ratio decrease of 0.6 g kg−1 K−1. A last‐saturation temperature of 240 K can match all observations. This approach can be applied in other settings and may be used to test models of low‐cloud climate feedbacks.
Shear‐Rate‐Dependent Behavior of Clayey Bimaterial Interfaces at Landslide Stress Levels
Authors: Scaringi Gianvito , Hu Wei , Xu Qiang , Huang Runqiu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe behavior of reactivated and first‐failure landslides after large displacements is controlled by the available shear resistance in a shear zone and/or along slip surfaces, such as a soil‐bedrock interface. Among the factors influencing the resistance parameter, the dependence on the shear rate can trigger catastrophic evolution (rate‐weakening) or exert a slow‐down feedback (rate‐strengthening) upon stress perturbation. We present ring‐shear test results, performed under various normal stresses and shear rates, on clayey soils from a landslide shear zone, on its parent lithology and other lithologies, and on clay‐rock interface samples. We find that depending on the materials in contact, the normal stress, and the stress history, the shear‐rate‐dependent behaviors differ. We discuss possible models and underlying mechanisms for the time‐dependent behavior of landslides in clay soils.
The Evolution of Deep Ocean Chemistry and Respired Carbon in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Over the Last Deglaciation
Authors: de la Fuente Maria , Calvo Eva , Skinner Luke , Pelejero Carles , Evans David , Müller Wolfgang , Povea Patricia , Cacho Isabel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt has been shown that the deep Eastern Equatorial Pacific (EEP) region was poorly ventilated during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) relative to Holocene values. This finding suggests a more efficient biological pump, which indirectly supports the idea of increased carbon storage in the deep ocean contributing to lower atmospheric CO2 during the last glacial. However, proxies related to respired carbon are needed in order to directly test this proposition. Here we present Cibicides wuellerstorfi B/Ca ratios from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1240 measured by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICPMS) as a proxy for deep water carbonate saturation state (Δ[CO32−], and therefore [CO32−]), along with δ13C measurements. In addition, the U/Ca ratio in foraminiferal coatings has been analyzed as an indicator of oxygenation changes. Our results show lower [CO32−], δ13C, and [O2] values during the LGM, which would be consistent with higher respired carbon levels in the deep EEP driven, at least in part, by reduced deep water ventilation. However, the difference between LGM and Holocene [CO32−] observed at our site is relatively small, in accordance with other records from across the Pacific, suggesting that a “counteracting” mechanism, such as seafloor carbonate dissolution, also played a role. If so, this mechanism would have increased average ocean alkalinity, allowing even more atmospheric CO2 to be “sequestered” by the ocean. Therefore, the deep Pacific Ocean very likely stored a significant amount of atmospheric CO2 during the LGM, specifically due to a more efficient biological carbon pump and also an increase in average ocean alkalinity.
Understanding the Effects of Dissolution on the Mg/Ca Paleothermometer in Planktic Foraminifera: Evidence From a Novel Individual Foraminifera Method
Authors: Rongstad Brigitta L. , Marchitto Thomas M. , Herguera Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt is well documented that partial dissolution of planktic foraminiferal tests results in a reduction of Mg/Ca ratios, and hence of inferred calcification temperatures; however, traditional analysis techniques have made it difficult to identify the exact mechanism through which Mg is lost. Three hypotheses have been proposed as models for Mg loss for a given extent of dissolution: (1) a percent loss of Mg in individuals, (2) a molar loss of Mg in individuals, and (3) a loss of the highest‐Mg (warmest) individuals from a population. It is vital to better constrain these models as they have very different implications for Mg/Ca paleotemperature dissolution corrections. Here we use a novel individual foraminifera Mg/Ca method to examine the effects of dissolution on the Mg/Ca paleothermometer in three species of planktic foraminifera, Globigerinoides ruber, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, from a depth transect of core tops on the Ontong Java Plateau in the western equatorial Pacific. With the exception of the most heavily dissolved population of P. obliquiloculata, our data best support a percent Mg loss model as indicated by the preservation of inferred temperature distribution shapes among the sampled populations and the close fit of the simulated percent Mg loss model to the observed data. Coupled with estimates for foraminiferal dissolution, identification of the percent Mg loss model will allow for more accurate dissolution corrections in Mg/Ca paleothermometry work.
A Return to “The Clinic” for Community Psychology: Lessons from a Clinical Ethnography in Urban American Indian Behavioral Health
Authors: Hartmann William E. , St. Arnault Denise M. , Gone Joseph P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCommunity psychology (CP) abandoned the clinic and disengaged from movements for community mental health (CMH) to escape clinical convention and pursue growing aspirations as an independent field of context‐oriented, community‐engaged, and values‐driven research and action. In doing so, however,CPpositioned itself on the sidelines of influential contemporary movements that promote potentially harmful, reductionist biomedical narratives in mental health. We advocate for a return to the clinic—the seat of institutional power in mental health—using critical clinic‐based inquiry to open sites for clinical‐community dialogue that can instigate transformative change locally and nationally. To inform such works within the collaborative and emancipatory traditions ofCP, we detail a recently completed clinical ethnography and offer “lessons learned” regarding challenges likely to re‐emerge in similar efforts. Conducted with an urban American Indian community behavioral health clinic, this ethnography examined how culture and culture concepts (e.g., cultural competence) shaped clinical practice with socio‐political implications for American Indian peoples and the pursuit of transformative change inCMH. Lessons learned identify exceptional clinicians versed in ecological thinking and contextualist discourses of human suffering as ideal partners for this work; encourage intense contextualization and constraining critique to areas of mutual interest; and support relational approaches to clinic collaborations.
Peptibodies: An elegant solution for a long‐standing problem
Authors: Cavaco Marco , Castanho Miguel A. R. B. , Neves Vera 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChimeric proteins composed of a biologically active peptide and a fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of immunoglobulin G (IgG) are known as peptibodies. They present an extended half‐life due to neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) salvage pathway, a decreased renal clearance rate owing to its increased size (≈70 kDa) and, depending on the peptide used in the design of the peptibody, an active‐targeting moiety. Also, the peptides therapeutic activity is boosted by the number of peptides in the fusion protein (at least two peptides) and to some peptides’ alterations. Peptibodies are mainly obtained through recombinant DNA technology. However, to improve peptide properties, “unnatural” changes have been introduced to the original peptides’ sequence, for instance, the incorporation of D‐ or non‐natural amino acid residues or even cyclization thus, limiting the application of genetic engineering in the production of peptibodies, since these peptides must be obtained via chemical synthesis. This constrains prompted the development of new methods for conjugation of peptides to Fc domains. Another challenge, subject of intense research, relates to the large‐scale production of such peptibodies using these new techniques, which can be minimized by their proved value. To date, two peptibodies, romiplostim and dulaglutide, have been approved and stay as the standard of care in their areas of action. Furthermore, a considerable number of peptibodies are currently in preclinical and clinical development.
Exploration of Ag decoration and Bi doping on the photocatalytic activity α‐Fe2O3 under simulated solar light irradiation
Authors: Rajamohan Satheesh , Kumaravel Vignesh , Abdel‐Wahab Ahmed , Ayyadurai Suganthi , Muthuramalingam Rajarajan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the present investigation, silver decorated and bismuth doped α‐Fe2O3 (Ag/Bi‐Fe2O3) was successfully synthesized using the co‐precipitation method. The size, shape, surface area, and magnetic properties were characterized by XRD, FE‐SEM, EDX, BET, VSM, and UV‐Vis‐DRS techniques. The synthesized nanoparticles were used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of rose bengal (RB) dye under simulated solar light irradiation. Ag/Bi‐Fe2O3 showed the better photocatalytic activity of 97.11 % within 135 min when compared to Bi‐Fe2O3 and Ag‐Fe2O3. The superior photo‐catalytic activity of Ag/Bi‐Fe2O3 was mainly ascribed to visible light absorption and the suppression of photo‐generated electron‐hole recombination. Ag/Bi‐Fe2O3 was found to be a stable photocatalyst during recycling experiments. Besides, the magnetic property of Ag/Bi‐Fe2O3 makes it an ideal candidate for separation and recovery during recycling.
Correlation between the cell population in the automated hematology analyzer high‐fluorescence region and atypical lymphocyte flags
Authors: Xie Hongjie , Wu Yue , Cui Wei 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionDuring routine blood measurements using an automated hematology analyzer, two easily confused types of suspect flags related to lymphocytes often appear: atypical and immature lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of high fluorescence cell (HFC) parameter and lymphocyte flags determined from an automated hematology analyzer.MethodsA total of 93 patients affected by various pathologic conditions (viral infection, immunological disease, oncological disease and tumor) were divided into an “atypical lymphocytes” group (“atypical” for short), an “immature lymphocytes/blasts” flag group (abnormal), a mixed‐flag group that includes “atypical lymphocytes” (mixed), and a non‐flag group (non‐flag).ResultsThe numbers of HFCs in the atypical, abnormal, mixed, and non‐flag groups were 1.8% (0.9%‐5.5%), 0.7% (0.1%‐5.0%), 2.3% (1.2%‐5.0%), and 0.8% (0.7%‐1.2%), respectively. The HFCs of “atypical” appeared as a separate cluster with clear boundaries. The HFCs of “abnormal” as an unclear boundaries, and it was difficult to accurately distinguish between the HFCs from the immature lymphocytes and the normal lymphocytes. The lower limit of HFC when the atypical lymphocyte flag appeared was 0.04 × 109/L. The number of HFCs was similar to atypical lymphocytes detected by microscopy and CD19+CD20−CD27++ cells by flow cytometry at 78% and 76%, respectively. The number of HFCs detected in “atypical” and CD19+CD20−CD27++ cells showed good consistency (r = .715), whereas the consistency was poorest for “abnormal” (r = .176).ConclusionIt demonstrates that HFCs reflects atypical lymphocytes better than immature lymphocytes/blasts.
Shock‐Tube Experiments and Kinetic Modeling of CH3NHCH3 Ignition at Elevated Pressures
Authors: Shi J. C. , Shang Y. L. , Ye W. , Zhang R. T. , Luo S. N. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIgnition delay times of CH3NHCH3/O2/Ar mixtures are measured with a shock tube in the temperature range of 1040–1604 K. Different pressures (4, 8, and 18 atm) and equivalence ratios (0.5, 1, and 2) are investigated. A recently developed CH3NHCH3 kinetic model is examined, and then modified by adding the hydrogen abstractions from CH3NHCH3 by HO2 and NO2. The rate constants of the hydrogen abstraction by HO2 are estimated by analogy to the CH3OH + HO2 system, and those of the hydrogen abstraction by NO2 by analogy to the CH3NH2 + HO2 system. The modified model is well validated against the present measurements. Based on this model, sensitivity analysis and reaction pathway analysis are performed to provide insight into the chemical kinetics of CH3NHCH3 ignition. CH3NHCH3 is mainly consumed by hydrogen abstractions at low temperatures, and its unimolecular decomposition becomes important at higher temperatures.