bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<b>REFLEXOS POLÍTICOS E JURÍDICOS DA FALSEABILIDADE DE KARL POPPER E DO FALIBILISMO DE CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE NO MÉTODO DO DIREITO</b>
Authors: Rego (CIHJur e UFPE) George Browne 
Published: April 2017

O método criado por Pierce influenciou o falibilismo de Popper e o objeto desta pesquisa é investigar a aplicação deste falibilismo na análise das decisões judiciais. Tal método é na essência uma forma de pragmatismo, que valoriza a criatividade do julgador, pois o afasta do silogismo. Assim, o caráter falibilistico das evidências científicas relativiza a lógica dedutiva, de onde provém o silogismo, e aponta para a necessidade de construção de novas formulações.
<b>OBJECTO E MÉTODO NA HISTÓRIA DO DIREITO</b><br/>OBJECT AND METHOD IN THE HISTORY OF LAW
Authors: Nogueira (Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal) José Duarte 
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo aborda os diversos aspectos da metodologia e do objeto da história do Direito, tais como sua vinculação com a ordem social, a especulação sobre o justo e sua historicidade. Trata ainda dos fundamentos, fontes e conteúdo do Direito, bem como sua aplicação e sua gnosiologia.
<b>TRANSGÊNICOS: UM OLHAR FILOSÓFICO</b><br/>TRANSGENIC: A PHILOSOPHICAL VIEW
Authors: Delgado (CEUB) Joedson de Souza 
Published: April 2017

Os transgênicos, também conhecidos como Organismos Geneticamente Modificados (OGM), estão em permanente expansão no que se refere ao desenvolvimento tecnológico, mas ainda é controversa a sua fundamentação ético-filosófica. Representam uma aposta recente da humanidade no sentido de manter o crescimento econômico de uma sociedade capitalista por meio da substituição de cultivares pelos manipulados geneticamente, os quais se mostram mais resistentes às secas e pragas, evitando perdas econômicas vultosas. Este trabalho aborda a questão ética a respeito dos efeitos não conhecidos da introdução de produtos com genes modificados no ecossistema relativamente à concretização dessa vontade/escolha econômica sobre as espécies vegetais perante as futuras gerações. Para tanto, avalia-se as contribuições de dois dos mais importantes filósofos clássicos sobre o tema, Arthur Schopenhauer e Immanuel Kant, além de um diálogo destes dois últimos com outros pensadores modernos.
A Collocation Method for Solving Fractional Order Linear System
Authors: Refahi Sheikhani Amir Hosein , Mashoof Mahamad 
Published: April 2017

In this paper we propose the collocation method to achieve the numerical solution of fractional order linearsystems where a Fractional Derivative is defined in the Caputo sense.We use Taylor collocation method,which is based on collocation method for solving fractional differential equation. This method is based onfirst taking the truncated Taylor expansions of the vector function’s solution in the Fractional order linearsystem and then substituting their matrix forms into the system. Using collocation points, we have a systemof linear algebraic equation.The method has been tested by some numerical examples.DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jims.23.1.257.
La contratación administrativa electrónica
Authors: Sarmiento E. Juan Pablo , Mariño Manrique Carolina , Forero Tapiero Constanza 
Published: April 2017

Este artículo pretende describir la evolución de la contratación administrativa electrónica en Colombia tomando como referencia el desarrollo de una agenda transnacional que procura la implementación de la tecnología y las comunicaciones en la gestión de las compras públicas, buscando determinar sus fortalezas y debilidades actuales. Así, se argumenta que la expansión de las normas de contratación pública electrónica no garantiza que estas sean efectivamente implementadas en las entidades públicas, en la medida en que deficiencias en la gestión de la información pueden impedir el acceso a los datos relevantes de los procesos de contratación pública.
¿Posee la ética un fundamento objetivo? Reflexiones desde Wittgenstein sobre el problema de explicar los juicios de valor
Authors: Sarrazin Jean Paul 
Published: April 2017

En este artículo recurrimos a diferentes aportes de Ludwig Wittgenstein (fuentes primarias y secundarias) con el fin de analizar críticamente ideas comunes sobre los orígenes y fundamentos de nuestros juicios éticos. Para esto, argumentamos que la distinción que hace el filósofo entre razones y causas es pertinente para demostrar que las valoraciones éticas no tienen un cimiento natural ni objetivo. Las valoraciones, en cambio, se apoyan en razones que surgen de un sistema sociocultural y se constituyen a través del lenguaje. Así, llegamos a plantear que el concepto de “juegos de lenguaje” propuesto por Wittgenstein, permite comprender mejor la forma en que los individuos interiorizan reglas y criterios a partir de los cuales realizan juicios éticos y establecen principios morales.
Carlo Tassara (editor) (2015). Protección social y lucha contra la pobreza en Brasil, Colombia y Chile. ¿Graduarse de los PTC o salir de la pobreza?
Authors: Ciurlo Alessandra 
Published: April 2017

Carlo Tassara (editor) (2015). Protección social y lucha contra la pobreza en Brasil, Colombia y Chile. ¿Graduarse de los PTC o salir de la pobreza?
The Timing of Auditor Hiring: Determinants and Consequences
Authors: Pacheco-Paredes Angel Arturo , Rama Dasaratha V. , Wheatley Clark M. 
Published: April 2017

SYNOPSIS
Regulators and legislators have long been interested in the auditor change process and in auditors' learning curves. We find that auditor changes closer to the year-end are associated with longer reporting lags and lower audit quality. We find that both audit fees and audit report lags are higher when there is a hiring lag between announcements of the predecessor auditor's dismissal and the hiring of the successor auditor. We also find that the appointment of new executives is associated with the timing of the auditor change, suggesting that client executives have a significant role in the auditor-hiring process.
Tax Confusion and Form 1040 Turmoil
Authors: Single Louise , Rosner Steve 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
This case in the area of Individual Federal Taxation describes the dilemma faced by a young couple who were trying to file an accurate 1040. The couple had some major life events during the year and decided to have their return prepared by a national chain of walk-in tax return preparation services. They were disappointed in the result and didn't have a lot of faith in the person who worked on their return. The case picks up on the eve of April 15 with the couple trying to decide whether to file the questionable return or to try to prepare one themselves. Students review client-provided tax information and apply the tax law learned during the semester to identify the correct presentation of the items in the tax return, identify potential controversial issues that might be challenged by the IRS, and recognize where additional information is needed in order to prepare an accurate tax return.
Desastres naturales, resiliencia social y religiosidad.
Authors: Herrera R. Diego 
Published: April 2017

<p><strong>Resumen </strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Objetivo:</strong> Reconocer y analizar el papel que cumple, la religiosidad popular en el desarrollo de la resiliencia de las familias y la comunidad afectadas por el terremoto de Pedernales, comparando los discursos elaborados oralmente y en las redes sociales, en el periodo de crisis humanitaria por las personas participantes con el discurso propio de la localidad antes de la tragedia descrita.</p><p><strong>Desarrollo:</strong> Se utilizó un estudio cualitativo etnográfico con una muestra inicial de 38 personas en la inmersión inicial de campo y posterior determinación de un grupo de informantes clave, en total 13 personas a los cuales se les aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada. Posteriormente se realizó el análisis de las narrativas recolectadas.</p><p>Para un grupo importante de los participantes el terremoto fue un castigo divino, una respuesta a las transgresiones que demandaba ofrendas que se hacen como un intento por remediar estos "pecados" y evitar la destrucción en curso. El discurso recogido permite connotar la angustia de una inconclusa construcción del Yo, asediado por una nostalgia comunitaria, que provoca, un pesimismo del desarrollismo, manifestado en el “malestar de la cultura”, lo que se expresa socialmente en una cultura dominada por el instinto de la muerte.</p><strong>Conclusiones:</strong> El discurso identificado hace pensar en la sociedad ecuatoriana como una sociedad más existencialista que idealista. Contraponiéndose al discurso hegemónico basado en las filosofías idealistas. Los apegos culturales y religiosos modifican la vulnerabilidad de la población, lo cual puede ser una estrategia comunitaria para el desarrollo de resiliencia. El enfoque positivista de vulnerabilidad o riesgo, olvida el imaginario social y el valor simbólico, que da forma a la respuesta de las comunidades ante un peligro natural o no natural, en la actualidad y en el futuro.
Activities test of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) leaves extract against Candida albicans of HIV/AIDS patients
Authors: Elianora Dewi , Busman Busman , Amrilya Yeri 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Candida albicans is a local commensal flora of the oral cavity, with opportunistic nature and often causes oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients. Since long time, Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) known of having efficacy treat various disease traditionally. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity test of Phaleria macrocarpa leaves extract against Candida albicans from HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: Experimental laboratory with samples colonies of the Candida albicans fungus obtained from patients with HIV/AIDS at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang. Research conducted during January-March 2016 in Microbiology and Chemistry Laboratory of Kopertis Region X, Microbiology Laboratory of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, and Microbiology Laboratory of Siti Rahmah Islamic Hospital, Padang, West Sumatra. Data analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The concentration of the Phaleria Macrocarpa leaves extract used in this study was 10, 20, 40 and 80%. Inhibition zone average value obtained 0,00 mm, means no inhibition zone, 9.217 mm and 18.017 mm with sig = 0.000 <0.05. Conclusion: The higher level of the Phaleria macrocarpa leaves extract concentration, the higher inhibition zone diameter against Candida albicans, with the highest in concentration 80%.Keywords: Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) leaves extract, Candida albicans, HIV/AIDS
MODAL SOSIAL USAHAWAN PENDATANG DI KABUPATEN TAKALAR PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Faisal Muhammad 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan keterangan ilmiah tentang nilai dan norma yang dianut dibalik modal sosial usahawan pendatang di Kabupaten Takalar Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan usahawan pendatang sebagai informan. Secara kualitatif hasil penelitian ini menjelaskkan bahwa bagi usahawan pendatang Bugis, budaya siri’, pesan leluhur, agama, dan pengejaran status sosial telah menjadi spirit utama mereka dalam bekerja. Usahawan pendatang Bali memulai usahanya dengan konsep menanam budi yaitu memperbaiki hubungan baik dengan sesama manusia menjadi sumber motivasi utama dalam berusaha. Menanam budi terhadap sesama manusia, alam, dan Tuhan adalah sumber spirit mereka dalam berusaha karena menganggap bahwa usaha adalah karma. Pada usahawan pendatang Jawa dengan sikap tradisionalnya dalam berusaha didasari oleh keyakinannya bahwa orang harus hidup dalam persekutuan mesra dengan alam dan mengutamakan keselarasan dan kesabaran. Usahawan pendatang Cina, kepercayaan terhadap leluhur dan keyakinannya bahwa kalau usaha dikelola dengan sungguh-sungguh akan berhasil menjadi spirit mereka dalam berusaha. Usahawan pendatang Jawa, Cina, Bali dan Bugis, mereka memiliki unsur-unsur modal sosial seperti saling percaya, hubungan timbal-balik, dan jaringan kerja yang luas. Kata Kunci: modal sosial, nilai, norma, usahawan pendatang.
April 2017 Letter to the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Cibulka Michael T. , Saragiotto Bruno T. , Maher Chris G. , Hancock Mark J. , Koes Bart W. 
Published: April 2017

Letter to the Editor-in-Chief of JOSPT as follows: “Subgrouping Patients With Low Back Pain” with Authors' Response J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(4):295. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.0203
Prediction of Future Injury in Sport: Primary and Secondary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk and Return to Sport as a Model
Authors: Hewett Timothy E. 
Published: April 2017

Can we predict future events? Biostatisticians might answer with an unequivocal yes and state that logistic regression models do exactly that: they predict the relative risk of an outcome on the basis of logistic regression of multiple independent variables. If this is the case, then which approaches improve predictive capability? We are not attempting to predict individual events in individual athletes. However, certain approaches can improve predictive power. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(4):228–231. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.0603
Left Knee Synovial Osteochondromatosis
Authors: Cirolia Jason T. 
Published: April 2017

A 28-year-old male military service member reported to a physical therapist with progressively worsening left knee pain during impact activity and with work duties. Following examination, he physical therapist ordered radiographs of the knee, which revealed severe osteochondromatosis and tricompartmental arthritis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(4):294. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7016
Intra-articular Focal Nodular Synovitis of the Knee
Authors: Shewmaker Cortney 
Published: April 2017

A 32-year-old woman was referred to physical therapy by her primary care provider (PCP) for complaints of limited right knee extension and pain. Radiographs of her right knee ordered by her PCP prior to physical therapy evaluation were noncontributory. To rule out intra-articular pathology, the physical therapist ordered magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed an intra-articular mass. The radiologist recommended contrast imaging to further characterize the mass, which was found to be consistent with focal nodular synovitis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(4):293. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7221
The circle of Willis predicts the antihypertensive effects of carotid artery stenting
Authors: Santiago-Dieppa David R. , Hirshman Brian R. , Wali Arvin , Scott Pannell J. , Alam Yasaman , Olson Scott , Cheung Vincent J. , Steinberg Jeffrey A. , Gupta Mihir , Khalessi Alexander A. 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE
Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has antihypertensive effects, but the durability and degree of this response remain variable. The authors propose that this clinical variability is a function of the presence or absence of a complete circle of Willis (COW). Incomplete COWs perfuse through a higher-resistance pial collateral pathway, and therefore patients may require a higher mean arterial pressure (MAP). Carotid artery revascularization in these patients would reduce the end-organ collateral demand that has been hypothesized to drive the MAP response.

METHODS
Using a retrospective, nonrandomized within-subject case-control design, the authors compared the postoperative effects of CAS in patients with and without a complete COW by using changes in MAP and antihypertensive medication as end points. They recorded MAP and antihypertensive medications 3 months prior to surgery, preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at the 3-month follow-up.

RESULTS
Data were collected from 64 consecutive patients undergoing CAS. Patients without a complete COW (25%) were more likely to demonstrate a decrease in BP response to stenting (i.e., a drop in MAP of 10 mm Hg and/or a reduction or cessation of BP medications at 3 months postoperatively). Of the patients in the incomplete COW cohort, 75% had this outcome, whereas of those in the complete COW cohort, only 41% had it (p < 0.041). These findings remained statistically significant in a logistic regression analysis for possible confounders (p < 0.024). A receiver operating curve analysis of preoperative data indicated that a MAP > 96.3 mm Hg was 55.5% sensitive and 57.4% specific for predicting a complete COW and that patients with a MAP > 96.3 mm Hg were more likely to demonstrate a good MAP decrease following CAS (p < 0.0092).

CONCLUSIONS
CAS is associated with a significant decrease in MAP and/or a reduction/cessation in BP medications in patients in whom a complete COW is absent.
Development of a recalcitrant, large clot burden, bifurcation occlusion model for mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Srinivasan Visish M. , Chen Stephen R. , Camstra Kevin M. , Chintalapani Gouthami , Kan Peter 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE
Stroke is a major cause of disability and death in adults. Several large randomized clinical trials have shown the significant benefit of mechanical thrombectomy with modern stent retrievers in the treatment of large-vessel occlusions. However, large clots located at bifurcations remain challenging to treat. An in vivo model of these recalcitrant clots needs to be developed to test future generations of devices.

METHODS
Autologous blood was drawn from anesthetized swine via a femoral sheath. Blood was then mixed with thrombin, calcium chloride, and saline, and injected into silicone tubing to form cylindrical clots in the standard fashion. Matured clots were then delivered in an unfragmented fashion directly into the distal extracranial vasculature, at branch points where vessel sizes mimic the human middle cerebral artery, by using Penumbra aspiration tubing and the Penumbra ACE68 reperfusion catheter.

RESULTS
A total of 5 adult swine were used to develop the model. The techniques evolved during experiments in the first 3 animals, and the last 2 were used to establish the final model. In these 2 swine, a total of 8 autologous clots, 15–20 mm, were injected directly into 8 distal extracranial vessels at branch points to mimic a bifurcation occlusion in a human. All clots were delivered directly at a distal bifurcation or trifurcation in an unfragmented fashion to cause an occlusion. Ten revascularization attempts were made, and none of the branch-point occlusions were fully revascularized on the first attempt.

CONCLUSIONS
Using novel large-bore distal access catheters, large unfragmented clots can be delivered into distal extracranial vessels in a swine occlusion model. The model mimics the clinical situation of a recalcitrant bifurcation occlusion and will be valuable in the study of next-generation stroke devices and in training settings.
Revascularization of tandem occlusions in acute ischemic stroke: review of the literature and illustrative case
Authors: Mbabuike Nnenna , Gassie Kelly , Brown Benjamin , Miller David A. , Tawk Rabih G. 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE
Tandem occlusions continue to represent a major challenge in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The anterograde approach with proximal to distal revascularization as well as the retrograde approach with distal to proximal revascularization have been reported without clear consensus or standard guidelines.

METHODS
The authors performed a comprehensive search of the PubMed database for studies including patients with carotid occlusions and tandem distal occlusions treated with endovascular therapy. They reviewed the type of approach employed for endovascular intervention and clinical outcomes reported with emphasis on the revascularization technique. They also present an illustrative case of AIS and concurrent proximal cervical carotid occlusion and distal middle cerebral artery occlusion from their own experience in order to outline the management dilemma for similar cases.

RESULTS
A total of 22 studies were identified, with a total of 790 patients with tandem occlusions in AIS. Eleven studies used the anterograde approach, 3 studies used the retrograde approach, 4 studies used both, and in 4 studies the approach was not specified. In the studies that reported Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) grades, an average of 79% of patients with tandem occlusions were reported to have an outcome of TICI 2b or better. One study found good clinical outcome in 52.5% of the thrombectomy-first group versus 33.3% in the stent-first group, as measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). No study evaluated the difference in time to reperfusion for the anterograde and retrograde approach and its association with clinical outcome. The patient in the illustrative case had AIS and tandem occlusion of the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries and underwent distal revascularization using a Solitaire stent retrieval device followed by angioplasty and stent treatment of the proximal cervical carotid occlusion. The revascularization was graded as TICI 2b; the postintervention National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 17, and the discharge NIHSS score was 7. The admitting, postoperative, and 30-day mRS scores were 5, 1, and 1, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
In stroke patients with tandem occlusions, distal to proximal revascularization represents a reasonable treatment approach and may offer the advantage of decreased time to reperfusion, which is associated with better functional outcome. Further studies are warranted to determine the best techniques in endovascular therapy to use in this subset of patients in order to improve clinical outcome.
Aeolian Empires: The Influence of Winds and Currents on European Maritime Expansion in the Days of Sail
Authors: Bankoff Greg 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Historiography has paid insufficient attention to the influence of winds and currents. The rise of Western European states to global dominance and world empires from the sixteenth century is usually characterised as maritime but should more fittingly be described as Aeolian or 'wind-driven'. This article examines the role winds and currents played in influencing the outline, structure and nature of Western European seaborne empires. It incorporates the patterns of winds and currents in each ocean, and the endeavours and ventures of each major European maritime power into a single global portrait that reveals the extent of the historical influence such factors exerted in the age of sail.
Two Canals, Two Barrages and the Remnants of a River: Nature and Technology Along the Eider, Schleswig-Holstein's Longest River
Authors: Heine Eike-Christian 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The construction of the Eider Canal (build between 1774 and 1784) and especially of the Kiel Canal (1886-1895) had severe consequences for the river Eider. Most notably a vicious circle was generated whose main elements were growing sedimentation, the growing impact of the North Sea tides far upstream and increasingly catastrophic floods. After decades of planning, a tidal barrage began operating in 1938. Instead of bringing relief to the suffering residents it only deepened the crisis. Sedimentation increased even more until sand clogged the riverbed almost completely. The devastating storm flood of 1962 mobilised political and financial support to realise a plan engineers had been developing since the early twentieth century. Between 1967 and 1973 the Eider was dammed off in the estuary and a floodgate today controls the river's hydrology.
The Eider was once Schleswig-Holstein's longest river. Today it has become a collection of disconnected watercourses. The article understands the river's history as a story of escalation: building projects (canals, dykes and a tidal barrage) along the Eider's banks had unintended ecological consequences. Lacking a clear understanding of hydrology, new constructions did not help, but only caused new complications. It is also a story with a distinct ending, as the Eider Barrage of 1973 subjects the river to technological control.