bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth form evolution and hybridization in Senecio (Asteraceae) from the high equatorial Andes
Authors: Dušková Eva , Sklenář Petr , Kolář Filip , Vásquez Diana L. A. , Romoleroux Katya , Fér Tomáš , Marhold Karol 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChanges in growth forms frequently accompany plant adaptive radiations, including páramo–a high‐elevation treeless habitat type of the northern Andes. We tested whether diverse group of Senecio inhabiting montane forests and páramo represented such growth form changes. We also investigated the role of Andean geography and environment in structuring genetic variation of this group. We sampled 108 populations and 28 species of Senecio (focusing on species from former genera Lasiocephalus and Culcitium) and analyzed their genetic relationships and patterns of intraspecific variation using DNA fingerprinting (AFLPs) and nuclear DNA sequences (ITS). We partitioned genetic variation into environmental and geographical components. ITS‐based phylogeny supported monophyly of a Lasiocephalus‐Culcitium clade. A grade of herbaceous alpine Senecio species subtended the Lasiocephalus‐Culcitium clade suggesting a change from the herbaceous to the woody growth form. Both ITS sequences and the AFLPs separated a group composed of the majority of páramo subshrubs from other group(s) comprising both forest and páramo species of various growth forms. These morphologically variable group(s) further split into clades encompassing both the páramo subshrubs and forest lianas, indicating independent switches among the growth forms and habitats. The finest AFLP genetic structure corresponded to morphologically delimited species except in two independent cases in which patterns of genetic variation instead reflected geography. Several morphologically variable species were genetically admixed, which suggests possible hybrid origins. Latitude and longitude accounted for 5%–8% of genetic variation in each of three AFLP groups, while the proportion of variation attributed to environment varied between 8% and 31% among them. A change from the herbaceous to the woody growth form is suggested for species of high‐elevation Andean Senecio. Independent switches between habitats and growth forms likely occurred within the group. Hybridization likely played an important role in species diversification.
Does responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi depend on plant invasive status?
Authors: Reinhart Kurt O. , Lekberg Ylva , Klironomos John , Maherali Hafiz 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDifferences in the direction and degree to which invasive alien and native plants are influenced by mycorrhizal associations could indicate a general mechanism of plant invasion, but whether or not such differences exist is unclear. Here, we tested whether mycorrhizal responsiveness varies by plant invasive status while controlling for phylogenetic relatedness among plants with two large grassland datasets. Mycorrhizal responsiveness was measured for 68 taxa from the Northern Plains, and data for 95 taxa from the Central Plains were included. Nineteen percent of taxa from the Northern Plains had greater total biomass with mycorrhizas while 61% of taxa from the Central Plains responded positively. For the Northern Plains taxa, measurable effects often depended on the response variable (i.e., total biomass, shoot biomass, and root mass ratio) suggesting varied resource allocation strategies when roots are colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In both datasets, invasive status was nonrandomly distributed on the phylogeny. Invasive taxa were mainly from two clades, that is, Poaceae and Asteraceae families. In contrast, mycorrhizal responsiveness was randomly distributed over the phylogeny for taxa from the Northern Plains, but nonrandomly distributed for taxa from the Central Plains. After controlling for phylogenetic similarity, we found no evidence that invasive taxa responded differently to mycorrhizas than other taxa. Although it is possible that mycorrhizal responsiveness contributes to invasiveness in particular species, we find no evidence that invasiveness in general is associated with the degree of mycorrhizal responsiveness. However, mycorrhizal responsiveness among species grown under common conditions was highly variable, and more work is needed to determine the causes of this variation.
Seaside Sparrows reveal contrasting food web responses to large‐scale stressors in coastal Louisiana saltmarshes
Authors: Olin Jill A. , Bergeon Burns Christine M. , Woltmann Stefan , Taylor Sabrina S. , Stouffer Philip C. , Bam Wokil , Hooper‐Bui Linda , Turner R. Eugene 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLarge‐scale ecosystem disturbances can alter the flow of energy through food webs, but such processes are not well defined for Gulf of Mexico saltmarsh ecosystems vulnerable to multiple interacting stressors. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill significantly affected the composition of terrestrial saltmarsh communities in Louisiana, and thus had the potential to alter energy pathways through terrestrial and aquatic food webs, with direct consequences for higher trophic‐level species restricted to these habitats. The Seaside Sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus) is endemic to saltmarshes and relies completely on the habitat and resources they provide; thus, the sparrows can serve as indicators of ecological change in response to disturbances. We analyzed food web pathways for birds residing in oiled and unoiled saltmarshes for the four years following the oil spill by quantifying the bulk carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes and fatty acid profiles of liver tissues, in addition to primary producers (e.g., marsh grasses) and invertebrate consumers representing the major energy resources in these systems. The stable isotope values of primary producers and most invertebrate consumers did not differ between oiled and unoiled sites, suggesting that the energy pathways within the food web were stable in spite of observed declines in these populations following the spill. The tracer profiles of the Seaside Sparrows confirmed that there was a nominal effect of oil on resource use or trophic position (TP). However, we detected significant inter‐annual variation in resource use by these birds; the sparrows occupied a lower TP and exhibited greater assimilation of resources derived from benthic–aquatic relative to terrestrial pathways in 2013 compared to other years. This distinction is likely attributable to the effects of Hurricane Isaac in 2012, whose significant storm surge extensively inundated the saltmarsh landscape. Despite widespread concern for the saltmarsh ecosystem after the DWH event, the significant effects noted at the population level translated into only subtle differences to the flow of energy through this food web. These results demonstrate varying responses to different degrees of landscape‐level disturbance, such as oil and hurricanes, and establish the need to better understand food web dynamics in these saltmarsh ecosystems.
Origins of Dendrite Formation in Sodium–Oxygen Batteries and Possible Countermeasures
Authors: Medenbach Lukas , Bender Conrad L. , Haas Ronja , Mogwitz Boris , Pompe Constantin , Adelhelm Philipp , Schröder Daniel , Janek Jürgen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOne limiting phenomenon for the cycle life of metal–oxygen batteries is the growth of dendrites during metal plating (cell charging). For the relatively new sodium–oxygen cell, this subject has been scarcely investigated, until now. Therefore, dendrite formation is systematically investigated herein, with the aim of gaining a more detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms and relevant control parameters. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cycling experiments, and optical characterization techniques are applied in situ and ex situ; sodium dendrite growth is directly visualized, for the first time, by means of a tubular glass cell. The growth of instable surface morphologies is discussed from a theoretical perspective to comprehend the experimentally observed dendrite growth. Furthermore, countermeasures against issues with dendrites are discussed, with the aim of increasing the cycle life of sodium–oxygen batteries.
Functional variants in HCN4 and CACNA1H may contribute to genetic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Becker Felicitas , Reid Christopher A. , Hallmann Kerstin , Tae Han‐Shen , Phillips A. Marie , Teodorescu Georgeta , Weber Yvonne G. , Kleefuss‐Lie Ailing , Elger Christian , Perez‐Reyes Edward , Petrou Steven , Kunz Wolfram S. , Lerche Holger , Maljevic Snezana 
Published: July 2017

SummaryObjectiveGenetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) encompasses seizure disorders characterized by spike‐and‐wave discharges (SWD) originating within thalamo‐cortical circuits. Hyperpolarization‐activated (HCN) and T‐type Ca2+ channels are key modulators of rhythmic activity in these brain regions. Here, we screened HCN4 and CACNA1H genes for potentially contributory variants and provide their functional analysis.MethodsTargeted gene sequencing was performed in 20 unrelated familial cases with different subtypes of GGE, and the results confirmed in 230 ethnically matching controls. Selected variants in CACNA1H and HCN4 were functionally assessed in tsA201 cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes, respectively.ResultsWe discovered a novel CACNA1H (p.G1158S) variant in two affected members of a single family. One of them also carried an HCN4 (p.P1117L) variant inherited from the unaffected mother. In a separate family, an HCN4 variant (p.E153G) was identified in one of several affected members. Voltage‐clamp analysis of CACNA1H (p.G1158S) revealed a small but significant gain‐of‐function, including increased current density and a depolarizing shift of steady‐state inactivation. HCN4 p.P1117L and p.G153E both caused a hyperpolarizing shift in activation and reduced current amplitudes, resulting in a loss‐of‐function.SignificanceOur results are consistent with a model suggesting cumulative contributions of subtle functional variations in ion channels to seizure susceptibility and GGE.
„Bitte einfach nur: Wüstenforscher“
Authors: Heimlich Rüdiger 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOb in Filmdokus, Ausstellungen, Vorträgen oder Artikeln: Seit Jahrzehnten wirbt der Kölner Geologe und Klimaforscher Stefan Kröpelin weltweit für die Geschichte, die Landschaften und die Menschen der Sahara. Jetzt würdigen DFG und Stifterverband mit dem „Communicator‐Preis“ den Feldforscher, der in mehrfacher Hinsicht auch ein „Botschafter der Wissenschaft“ ist.
Advocacy, communication, and partnerships: Mobilizing for effective, widespread cervical cancer prevention
Authors: Wittet Scott , Aylward Jenny , Cowal Sally , Drope Jacqui , Franca Etienne , Goltz Sarah , Kuo Taona , Larson Heidi , Luciani Silvana , Mugisha Emmanuel , Schocken Celina , Torode Julie 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBoth human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening/treatment are relatively simple and inexpensive to implement at all resource levels, and cervical cancer screening has been acknowledged as a “best buy” by the WHO. However, coverage with these interventions is low where they are needed most. Failure to launch or expand cervical cancer prevention programs is by and large due to the absence of dedicated funding, along with a lack of recognition of the urgent need to update policies that can hinder access to services. Clear and sustained communication, robust advocacy, and strategic partnerships are needed to inspire national governments and international bodies to action, including identifying and allocating sustainable program resources. There is significant momentum for expanding coverage of HPV vaccination and screening/preventive treatment in low‐resource settings as evidenced by new global partnerships espousing this goal, and the participation of groups that previously had not focused on this critical health issue.
Bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and anti‐inflammatory effects of anthocyanins from purple root vegetables using mono‐ and co‐culture cell models
Authors: Zhang Hua , Hassan Yousef I. , Renaud Justin , Liu Ronghua , Yang Cheng , Sun Yong , Tsao Rong 
Published: July 2017

ScopeImmune‐inflammatory signaling and metabolic effects are the main pillars for bioactivity of anthocyanins derived from highly pigmented root vegetables. This study aims to assess the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of purple carrot and potato derived anthocyanins and the molecular mechanisms of their ability to ameliorate cellular inflammation in a mono‐ and co‐culture cell models.Methods and resultsAn in vitro gastrointestinal model was used and demonstrated bioaccessibility of 44.62 and 71.8% for anthocyanins of purple carrot and potato, respectively. These accessible anthocyanins significantly inhibited cellular inflammation in Caco‐2 cells. Intact cyanidinglycoside or petunidinglycoside (respectively from carrots and potatoes) were transported across a transmembrane cell model and detected by LC‐MS/MS. Computational docking and glucose uptake analyses suggested uptake of anthocyanins was mediated by hexose transporters. Subsequent experiment using an inflamed Caco‐2 BBe1/THP‐1 co‐culture cell model showed these transported anthocyanins inhibited IL‐8 and TNF‐α secretion,and expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by blocking NF‐κB, and MAPK mediated inflammatory cellular signaling cascades, but with varying degrees due to structural features.ConclusionAnthocyanins from purple carrots and potatoes possess a promising anti‐inflammatory effect in model gut system. They can be absorbed and act differently but are in general beneficial for inflammation‐mediated diseases.
Carpal tunnel syndrome in inherited neuropathies: A retrospective survey
Authors: Panosyan Francis B. , Kirk Callyn A. , Marking Devon , Reilly Mary M. , Scherer Steven S. , Shy Michael E. , Herrmann David N. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study evaluates carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) symptom severity, functional status, and outcome of CTS therapies in patients with inherited neuropathies.MethodsValidated questionnaires were used to compare symptom severity and functional status in patients with and without a diagnosis of CTS and a diagnosis of an inherited neuropathy.Results309 patients with inherited neuropathies participated in this study. The CTS symptom severity score (SSS) was found to be the most useful tool in assessing CTS severity in patients with inherited neuropathy. Splint therapy and surgery were associated with significant improvement in carpal tunnel symptoms as measured through the SSS.DiscussionThis study provides insight into the assessment of CTS symptom severity and patient‐reported outcomes to CTS therapy in individuals with inherited neuropathies. The SSS appears useful for evaluation of CTS symptoms and patient‐reported outcomes following CTS interventions in individuals with inherited neuropathies. Muscle Nerve 57: 388–394, 2018
Rigor of non‐dairy galactose restriction in early childhood, measured by retrospective survey, does not associate with severity of five long‐term outcomes quantified in 231 children and adults with classic galactosemia
Authors: Frederick Allison B. , Cutler David J. , Fridovich‐Keil Judith L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOne of many vexing decisions faced by parents of an infant with classic galactosemia (CG) is how carefully to restrict non‐dairy galactose from their growing child's diet. Until recently, many experts recommended vigorous lifelong dietary restriction of milk and all high‐galactose dairy products as well as some non‐dairy sources of galactose such as legumes and specific fruits and vegetables. Recently, experts have begun to relax their recommendations. The new recommendations, that restrict only high galactose dairy products, were made in the face of uncertainty, however, because no sufficiently powered study had been reported testing for possible association between rigor of non‐dairy galactose restriction and severity of long‐term outcomes in CG. Here we describe the largest study of diet and outcomes in CG reported to date, conducted using information gathered from 231 patients with CG and 71 unaffected sibling controls. We compared rigor of dietary galactose restriction, measured using a 4‐point scale by a retrospective parent‐response survey, with outcomes including growth, adaptive behaviors, receipt of speech therapy, receipt of special educational services, and for girls and women, a plasma marker of ovarian function (AMH). Our results confirmed the expected differences between patients and controls, but among patients showed no significant association between rigor of non‐dairy galactose restriction in early childhood and any of the outcomes quantified. Indeed, some weak associations were seen suggesting that rigorous restriction of non‐dairy galactose may be deleterious rather than beneficial. Despite limitations, these findings support the ongoing trend toward diet liberalization with regard to non‐dairy sources of galactose for children and adults with classic galactosemia.
C-Curves for Lengthening of Widmanstätten and Bainitic Ferrite
Authors: Yin Jiaqing , Leach Lindsay , Hillert Mats , Borgenstam Annika 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Widmanstätten ferrite and bainitic ferrite are both acicular and their lengthening rate in binary Fe-C alloys and low-alloyed steels under isothermal conditions is studied by searching the literature and through new measurements. As a function of temperature, the lengthening rate can be represented by a common curve for both kinds of acicular ferrite in contrast to the separate C-curves often presented in time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams. The curves for Fe-C alloys with low carbon content show no obvious decrease in rate at low temperatures down to 623 K (350 °C). For alloys with higher carbon content, the expected decrease of rate as a function of temperature below a nose was observed. An attempt to explain the absence of a nose for low carbon contents by an increasing deviation from local equilibrium at high growth rates is presented. This explanation is based on a simple kinetic model, which predicts that the growth rates for Fe-C alloys with less than 0.3 mass pct carbon are high enough at low temperatures to make the carbon pileup, in front of the advancing tip of a ferrite plate, shrink below atomic dimensions, starting at about 600 K (323 °C).
Early life stress explains reduced positive memory biases in remitted depression
Authors: Gethin J.A. , Lythe K.E. , Workman C.I. , Mayes A. , Moll J. , Zahn R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground:There is contradictory evidence regarding negative memory biases in major depressive disorder (MDD) and whether these persist into remission, which would suggest their role as vulnerability traits rather than correlates of mood state. Early life stress (ELS), common in patients with psychiatric disorders, has independently been associated with memory biases, and confounds MDD versus control group comparisons. Furthermore, in most studies negative biases could have resulted from executive impairments rather than memory difficulties per se.Methods:To investigate whether memory biases are relevant to MDD vulnerability and how they are influenced by ELS, we developed an associative recognition memory task for temporo-spatial contexts of social actions with low executive demands, which were matched across conditions (self-blame, other-blame, self-praise, other-praise). We included fifty-three medication-free remitted MDD (25 with ELS, 28 without) and 24 healthy control (HC) participants without ELS.Results:Only MDD patients with ELS showed a reduced bias (accuracy/speed ratio) towards memory for positive vs. negative materials when compared with MDD without ELS and with HC participants; attenuated positive biases correlated with number of past major depressive episodes, but not current symptoms. There were no biases towards self-blaming or self-praising memories.Conclusions:This demonstrates that reduced positive biases in associative memory were specific to MDD patients with ELS rather than a general feature of MDD, and were associated with lifetime recurrence risk which may reflect a scarring effect. If replicated, our results would call for stratifying MDD patients by history of ELS when assessing and treating emotional memories.
Price Effects of Establishing a New Sub-AVA within Oregon's Willamette Valley AVA
Authors: Gokcekus Omer , Finnegan Clare M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe creation of new sub-divisions within Oregon's Willamette Valley American Viticultural Area (AVA) may indicate a desire on the part of well-established wineries to “split” or separate their social groupings from those with lesser qualifications. Once their social clusters have been differentiated, we theorize that these wineries would be able to capitalize on their newly developed distinctiveness and collect larger regional reputation premiums. Based on 2,221 Wine Spectator–rated pinot noirs from between 1984 and 2008, regression analyses demonstrate that regional reputation premiums have significantly increased with the creation of sub-AVAs and that the price-quality ratio gap between sub-AVAs and the rest of Willamette has widened. (JEL Classifications: D22, Q12, L14)
The ‘ph’ of English orthography; a digraph or a sequence of separate phonemes?
Authors: Achiri-Taboh Blasius 
Published: July 2017

The aim of this short article is to offer a belated defense of L. M. Boyd (author of a daily, nationally syndicated column ‘Trivia’ in numerous newspapers throughout the USA) against a critique published in English Today over a decade ago by Alan S. Kaye (2006), and present arguments in support of Boyd's beleaguered claim. Kaye (2006: 54) writes:
I do not mean to be picking on Mr. Boyd, but considering his track record, perhaps the time has come for his quitting pontificating on matters of English grammar, pronunciation, and the history of the language.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate enhances ER stress-induced cancer cell apoptosis by directly targeting PARP16 activity
Authors: Wang Juanjuan , Zhu Chenggang , Song Dan , Xia Ruiqi , Yu Wenbo , Dang Yongjun , Fei Yiyan , Yu Long , Wu Jiaxue 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPoly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are ADP-ribosylating enzymes and play important roles in a variety of cellular processes. Most small-molecule PARP inhibitors developed to date have been against PARP1, a poly-ADP-ribose transferase, and suffer from poor selectivity. PARP16, a mono-ADP-ribose transferase, has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target, but its inhibitor development has trailed behind. Here we newly characterized epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a potential inhibitor of PARP16. We found that EGCG was associated with PARP16 and dramatically inhibited its activity in vitro. Moreover, EGCG suppressed the ER stress-induced phosphorylation of PERK and the transcription of unfolded protein response-related genes, leading to dramatically increase of cancer cells apoptosis under ER stress conditions, which was dependent on PARP16. These findings newly characterized EGCG as a potential inhibitor of PARP16, which can enhance the ER stress-induced cancer cell apoptosis, suggesting that a combination of EGCG and ER stress-induced agents might represent a novel approach for cancer therapy or chemoprevention.