bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age of some Pleistocene interglacial beds and associated fossils in eastern Beringia defined by fission tracks in glass shards of Chester Bluff tephra
Authors: Westgate John A. , Pearce Nicholas J.G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractApplication of the glass fission-track dating method to Chester Bluff tephra (CBt), exposed in loess deposits at Chester Bluff along the Yukon River in east-central Alaska, has clarified the age of the immediately underlying fossiliferous interglacial bed. Surprise Creek tephra (SZt), at site CRH47 in the northern Old Crow basin of the Yukon Territory, is a correlative of CBt so that the new age information on CBt can also be applied to the interglacial sediments below SZt. Two independent age determinations were obtained on CBt, 243±28 ka and 249±26 ka, giving a weighted mean age and error of 246±19 ka. Therefore, the closely associated interglacial bed belongs to the early part of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 7. The stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental setting of SZt show that deposition of the tephra occurred soon after interglacial conditions, when the climate became colder, probably between MIS 7.5 and 7.4, that is, slightly younger than the mean fission-track age, but within the 1σ uncertainty. This result tightly constrains the age of the rich mammalian faunal assemblage found at and just below SZt at the CRH47 site.
Hiding in the swamp: new capillariid nematode parasitizing New Zealand brown mudfish
Authors: Jorge F. , White R.S.A. , Paterson R.A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe extent of New Zealand's freshwater fish-parasite diversity has yet to be fully revealed, with host–parasite relationships still to be described from nearly half the known fish community. While advances in the number of fish species examined and parasite taxa described are being made, some parasite groups, such as nematodes, remain poorly understood. In the present study we combined morphological and molecular analyses to characterize a capillariid nematode found infecting the swim bladder of the brown mudfish Neochanna apoda, an endemic New Zealand fish from peat-swamp-forests. Morphologically, the studied nematodes are distinct from other Capillariinae taxa by the features of the male posterior end, namely the shape of the bursa lobes, and shape of spicule distal end. Male specimens were classified into three different types according to differences in the shape of the bursa lobes at the posterior end, but only one was successfully characterized molecularly. Molecular analysis indicated that the studied capillariid is distinct from other genera. However, inferences about the phylogenetic position of the capillariid reported here will remain uncertain, due to the limited number of Capillariinae taxa characterized molecularly. The discovery of this new capillariid, which atypically infects the swim bladder of its host, which itself inhabits a very unique ecosystem, underlines the very interesting evolutionary history of this parasite, which for now will remain unresolved.
Parenthood and depression: is childlessness similar to sonlessness among Chinese seniors?
Authors: DJUNDEVA MAJA , EMERY TOM , DYKSTRA PEARL A. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTWe investigate how the mental health of older adults (60–85) is associated with childlessness and sonlessness in China, where gender-biased filial expectations and strong son preference exist. The China Family Panel Study (2012, N = 6,021) and ordinary least squares regression models are used to investigate the relationship between depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression scale) and parental status, distinguishing between childless, parents of both sons and daughters, parents of only sons and parents of only daughters. Arguing that modernisation shapes gender preferences for children as well as formal care and pension provisions for older adults, we find a sharp rural–urban divide in the relationship between parental status and depression. Just having a son is not what matters as the best faring groups are parents who have both sons and daughters, regardless of the number of children. Rural childless and sonless are similar, whereas in urban areas parental status is not so salient, supporting modernisation theory.
Non-Digital Game Playing by Older Adults
Authors: Mortenson W. Ben , Sixsmith Andrew , Kaufman David 
Published: June 2017

RÉSUMÉLes jeux sont une activité de loisirs importante qui peut contribuer à la qualité de vie et à l’interaction sociale. Bien qu’il y ait eu de nombreuses recherches sur les effets des jeux vidéo sur la cognition et le comportement, peu de recherches ont exploré des formes non-numériques de jeu qui ne nécessitent pas l’utilisation d’ordinateurs ou de systèmes de jeu, en particulier parmi les personnes âgées. Dans le cadre d’un plus grand sondage sur le jeu, 886 répondants masculins et féminins (≥ 55 ans) ont rempli des questionnaires sur jouant de jeux non-numériques. Les objectifs de l’étude étaient de déterminer les avantages perçus de jouer à jeux non-numériques, ainsi que de déterminer les facteurs socio-démographiques prédictifs des bénéfices perçus. Les résultats de l’enquête indiquent que jouant des jeux non-numériques est courant chez les personnes âgées (73% des répondants). Pour la plupart, les jeux sont de nature sociale: les adultes plus âgés jouent pour s’amuser, mais aussi pour aider à maintenir leur connaissance. Les analyses de régression ont indiqué que divers facteurs socio-démographiques, y compris l’âge, l’éducation, le genre et la race, étaient indépendamment associés aux avantages perçus des jeux. Les résultats soulignent donc l’importance de jouer à jeux non-numériques dans cette population, et suggèrent que les efforts visant à faciliter ces jeux peuvent améliorer les interactions sociales et la qualité de vie.
Ureaplasma urealyticumandU. parvumin sexually active women attending public health clinics in Brazil
Authors: LOBÃO T. N. , CAMPOS G. B. , SELIS N. N. , AMORIM A. T. , SOUZA S. G. , MAFRA S. S. , PEREIRA L. S. , DOS SANTOS D. B. , FIGUEIREDO T. B. , MARQUES L. M. , TIMENETSKY J. 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYUreaplasma urealyticumandU. parvumhave been associated with genital infections. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of ureaplasmas and other sexually transmitted infections in sexually active women from Brazil and relate these data to demographic and sexual health, and cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. Samples of cervical swab of 302 women were examined at the Family Health Units in Vitória da Conquista. The frequency of detection by conventional PCR was 76·2% forMollicutes. In qPCR, the frequency found was 16·6% forU. urealyticumand 60·6%U. parvumand the bacterial load of these microorganisms was not significantly associated with signs and symptoms of genital infection. The frequency found forTrichomonas vaginalis,Neisseria gonorrhoeae,Gardnerella vaginalisandChlamydia trachomatiswas 3·0%, 21·5%, 42·4% and 1·7%, respectively. Higher levels of IL-1βwere associated with control women colonized byU. urealyticumandU. parvum. Increased levels of IL-6 were associated with women who exhibitedU. parvum. Sexually active women, with more than one sexual partner in the last 3 months, living in a rural area were associated with increased odds of certainU. parvumserovar infection.
MYBL2 (B-Myb): a central regulator of cell proliferation, cell survival and differentiation involved in tumorigenesis
Authors: Musa Julian , Aynaud Marie-Ming , Mirabeau Olivier , Delattre Olivier , Grünewald Thomas GP 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLimitless cell proliferation, evasion from apoptosis, dedifferentiation, metastatic spread and therapy resistance: all these properties of a cancer cell contribute to its malignant phenotype and affect patient outcome. MYBL2 (alias B-Myb) is a transcription factor of the MYB transcription factor family and a physiological regulator of cell cycle progression, cell survival and cell differentiation. When deregulated in cancer cells, MYBL2 mediates the deregulation of these properties. In fact, MYBL2 is overexpressed and associated with poor patient outcome in numerous cancer entities. MYBL2 and players of its downstream transcriptional network can be used as prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers as well as potential therapeutic targets to offer less toxic and more specific anti-cancer therapies in future. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the physiological roles of MYBL2 and highlight the impact of its deregulation on cancer initiation and progression.
Voluntary distance running prevents TNF-mediated liver injury in mice through alterations of the intrahepatic immune milieu
Authors: Huber Yvonne , Gehrke Nadine , Biedenbach Jana , Helmig Susanne , Simon Perikles , Straub Beate K , Bergheim Ina , Huber Tobias , Schuppan Detlef , Galle Peter R , Wörns Marcus A , Schuchmann Marcus , Schattenberg Jörn M 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPhysical activity confers a broad spectrum of health benefits. Beyond the obvious role in metabolically driven diseases, the role of physical activity in acute liver injury is poorly explored. To study the role of physical activity in acute liver injury, a novel model of voluntary distance running in mice was developed and mice were subjected to acute liver injury induced byN-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Analyses included histological stains, immunoblotting, qRT-PCR and FACS analysis. Voluntary distance running increased to an average of 10.3 km/day after a learning curve. Running lead to a decrease in the absolute numbers of intrahepatic CD4+ T and B lymphocytes and macrophages after 7 weeks. In parallel, hepatic mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and IL-1beta, TGF-beta and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) were suppressed, while TNF-α was not affected by exercise. Likewise, expression of the macrophage-specific antigen F4/80 was downregulated 1.6-fold from exercise. Notably, acute liver injury from GaIN/LPS was significantly blunted following 7 weeks of voluntary exercise as determined by liver histology, a 84.6% reduction of alanine aminotransferase (P<0.01) and a 54.6% reduction of aspartate aminotransferase (P<0.05) compared with sedentary mice. Additionally, proinflammatory cytokines, activation of caspase 3 and JNK were significantly lower, while antiapoptotic protein A20 increased. Voluntary distance running alters the intrahepatic immune phenotype producing an environment that is less susceptible to acute liver injury.
Inhibition of cancer growth in vitro and in vivo by a novel ROS-modulating agent with ability to eliminate stem-like cancer cells
Authors: Wang Jiankang , Luo Bingling , Li Xiaobing , Lu Wenhua , Yang Jing , Hu Yumin , Huang Peng , Wen Shijun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) have a crucial role in cell signaling and cellular functions. Mounting evidences suggest that abnormal increase of ROS is often observed in cancer cells and that this biochemical feature can be exploited for selective killing of the malignant cells. A naturally occurring compound phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) has been shown to have promising anticancer activity by modulating intracellular ROS. Here we report a novel synthetic analog of PEITC with superior in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects. Mechanistic study showed that LBL21 induced a rapid depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), leading to abnormal ROS accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, evident by a decrease in mitochondrial respiration and transmembrane potential. Importantly, LBL21 exhibited the ability to abrogate stem cell-like cancer side population (SP) cells in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells associated with a downregulation of stem cell markers including OCT4, ABCG2, SOX2 and CD133. Functionally, LBL21 inhibited the ability of cancer cells to form colonies in vitro and develop tumor in vivo. The therapeutic efficacy of LBL21 was further demonstrated in mice bearing A549 lung cancer xenografts. Our study suggests that the novel ROS-modulating agent LBL21 has promising anticancer activity with an advantage of elimination of stem-like cancer cells. This compound merits further study to evaluate its potential for use in cancer treatment.
Tumor-suppressive miR-26a and miR-26b inhibit cell aggressiveness by regulating FUT4 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Yang , Sun Zheng , Liu Bing , Shan Yujia , Zhao Lifen , Jia Li 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMetastasis is a multistep molecular network process, which is the major cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Increased expression of fucosyltransferase4 (FUT4) has been reported to be associated with the invasive and metastatic properties of CRC. Here to identify potential key miRNAs and their target genes for colorectal cancer (CRC), we compared miRNA expression profiles between metastatic CRC cell SW620 and primary CRC cell SW480. Microarray analysis revealed that there were 85 differentially expressed miRNAs in SW620 cells with highly metastatic potential compared to SW480 cells with lowly metastatic potential. The expression of miR-26a and miR-26b were lower in SW620 cells than in SW480 cells, as well as downregulated in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues of CRC patients. By applying bioinformatic approaches for the prediction of miRNA targeting 3′-UTR of FUT4, we identified FUT4 as one of the miR-26a/26b-targeted genes, while the expression of the target gene exhibited patterns opposite to that of miR-26a/26b in CRC cell lines, tumor tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues. Forced miR-26a/26b expression affected migratory behavior of CRC cells and FUT4 expression, while altered expression of FUT4 in CRC cell lines modulated progression upon transfection with miR-26a/26b mimic or inhibiter. FUT4 also regulated directly aggressiveness of SW620 and SW480 cells. Moreover, statistical analyses revealed that low miR-26a/26b levels and high expression of FUT4 were positively correlated with poor overall survival. The identified CRC-restricted miR-26a and miR-26b might be implicated in cancer progression via their target gene FUT4, suggesting their potential usage in CRC treatment.
Mechanical properties of atomically thin boron nitride and the role of interlayer interactions
Authors: Falin Aleksey , Cai Qiran , Santos Elton J.G. , Scullion Declan , Qian Dong , Zhang Rui , Yang Zhi , Huang Shaoming , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Barnett Matthew R. , Chen Ying , Ruoff Rodney S. , Li Lu Hua 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAtomically thin boron nitride (BN) nanosheets are important two-dimensional nanomaterials with many unique properties distinct from those of graphene, but investigation into their mechanical properties remains incomplete. Here we report that high-quality single-crystalline mono- and few-layer BN nanosheets are one of the strongest electrically insulating materials. More intriguingly, few-layer BN shows mechanical behaviours quite different from those of few-layer graphene under indentation. In striking contrast to graphene, whose strength decreases by more than 30% when the number of layers increases from 1 to 8, the mechanical strength of BN nanosheets is not sensitive to increasing thickness. We attribute this difference to the distinct interlayer interactions and hence sliding tendencies in these two materials under indentation. The significantly better interlayer integrity of BN nanosheets makes them a more attractive candidate than graphene for several applications, for example, as mechanical reinforcements.
Current rates and mechanisms of subsea permafrost degradation in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf
Authors: Shakhova Natalia , Semiletov Igor , Gustafsson Orjan , Sergienko Valentin , Lobkovsky Leopold , Dudarev Oleg , Tumskoy Vladimir , Grigoriev Michael , Mazurov Alexey , Salyuk Anatoly , Ananiev Roman , Koshurnikov Andrey , Kosmach Denis , Charkin Alexander , Dmitrevsky Nicolay , Karnaukh Victor , Gunar Alexey , Meluzov Alexander , Chernykh Denis 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe rates of subsea permafrost degradation and occurrence of gas-migration pathways are key factors controlling the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) methane (CH4) emissions, yet these factors still require assessment. It is thought that after inundation, permafrost-degradation rates would decrease over time and submerged thaw-lake taliks would freeze; therefore, no CH4 release would occur for millennia. Here we present results of the first comprehensive scientific re-drilling to show that subsea permafrost in the near-shore zone of the ESAS has a downward movement of the ice-bonded permafrost table of ∼14 cm year−1 over the past 31–32 years. Our data reveal polygonal thermokarst patterns on the seafloor and gas-migration associated with submerged taliks, ice scouring and pockmarks. Knowing the rate and mechanisms of subsea permafrost degradation is a prerequisite to meaningful predictions of near-future CH4 release in the Arctic.
Long noncoding RNA LncHIFCAR/MIR31HG is a HIF-1α co-activator driving oral cancer progression
Authors: Shih Jing-Wen , Chiang Wei-Fan , Wu Alexander T. H. , Wu Ming-Heng , Wang Ling-Yu , Yu Yen-Ling , Hung Yu-Wen , Wang Wen-Chang , Chu Cheng-Ying , Hung Chiu-Lien , Changou Chun A. , Yen Yun , Kung Hsing-Jien 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in hypoxia/HIF-1-associated cancer progression through largely unknown mechanisms. Here we identify MIR31HG as a hypoxia-inducible lncRNA and therefore we name it LncHIFCAR (long noncoding HIF-1α co-activating RNA); we describe its oncogenic role as a HIF-1α co-activator that regulates the HIF-1 transcriptional network, crucial for cancer development. Extensive analyses of clinical data indicate LncHIFCAR level is substantially upregulated in oral carcinoma, significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes and representing an independent prognostic predictor. Overexpression of LncHIFCAR induces pseudo-hypoxic gene signature, whereas knockdown of LncHIFCAR impairs the hypoxia-induced HIF-1α transactivation, sphere-forming ability, metabolic shift and metastatic potential in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LncHIFCAR forms a complex with HIF-1α via direct binding and facilitates the recruitment of HIF-1α and p300 cofactor to the target promoters. Our results uncover an lncRNA-mediated mechanism for HIF-1 activation and establish the clinical values of LncHIFCAR in prognosis and potential therapeutic strategy for oral carcinoma.
Self-assembly of ordered graphene nanodot arrays
Authors: Camilli Luca , Jørgensen Jakob H. , Tersoff Jerry , Stoot Adam C. , Balog Richard , Cassidy Andrew , Sadowski Jerzy T. , Bøggild Peter , Hornekær Liv 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe ability to fabricate nanoscale domains of uniform size in two-dimensional materials could potentially enable new applications in nanoelectronics and the development of innovative metamaterials. However, achieving even minimal control over the growth of two-dimensional lateral heterostructures at such extreme dimensions has proven exceptionally challenging. Here we show the spontaneous formation of ordered arrays of graphene nano-domains (dots), epitaxially embedded in a two-dimensional boron–carbon–nitrogen alloy. These dots exhibit a strikingly uniform size of 1.6 ± 0.2 nm and strong ordering, and the array periodicity can be tuned by adjusting the growth conditions. We explain this behaviour with a model incorporating dot-boundary energy, a moiré-modulated substrate interaction and a long-range repulsion between dots. This new two-dimensional material, which theory predicts to be an ordered composite of uniform-size semiconducting graphene quantum dots laterally integrated within a larger-bandgap matrix, holds promise for novel electronic and optoelectronic properties, with a variety of potential device applications.
Single ion fluorescence excited with a single mode of an UV frequency comb
Authors: Ozawa Akira , Davila-Rodriguez Josue , Bounds James R. , Schuessler Hans A. , Hänsch Theodor W. , Udem Thomas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOptical frequency combs have revolutionized the measurement of optical frequencies and improved the precision of spectroscopic experiments. Besides their importance as a frequency-measuring ruler, the frequency combs themselves can excite target transitions (direct frequency comb spectroscopy). The direct frequency comb spectroscopy may extend the optical frequency metrology into spectral regions unreachable by continuous wave lasers. In high precision spectroscopy, atoms/ions/molecules trapped in place have been often used as a target to minimize systematic effects. Here, we demonstrate direct frequency comb spectroscopy of single 25Mg ions confined in a Paul trap, at deep-UV wavelengths. Only one mode out of about 20,000 can be resonant at a time. Even then we can detect the induced fluorescence with a spatially resolving single photon camera, allowing us to determine the absolute transition frequency. The demonstration shows that the direct frequency comb spectroscopy is an important tool for frequency metrology for shorter wavelengths where continuous wave lasers are unavailable.
One-dimensional electron gas in strained lateral heterostructures of single layer materials
Authors: Rubel O. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractConfinement of the electron gas along one of the spatial directions opens an avenue for studying fundamentals of quantum transport along the side of numerous practical electronic applications, with high-electron-mobility transistors being a prominent example. A heterojunction of two materials with dissimilar electronic polarisation can be used for engineering of the conducting channel. Extension of this concept to single-layer materials leads to one-dimensional electron gas (1DEG). MoS2/WS2 lateral heterostructure is used as a prototype for the realisation of 1DEG. The electronic polarisation discontinuity is achieved by straining the heterojunction taking advantage of dissimilarities in the piezoelectric coupling between MoS2 and WS2. A complete theory that describes an induced electric field profile in lateral heterojunctions of two-dimensional materials is proposed and verified by first principle calculations.
Dopamine-dependent changes of cortical excitability induced by transcranial static magnetic field stimulation in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Dileone M. , Carrasco-López M. C. , Segundo-Rodriguez J. C. , Mordillo-Mateos L. , López-Ariztegui N. , Alonso-Frech F. , Catalan-Alonso M. J. , Obeso J. A. , Oliviero A. , Foffani G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTranscranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) is a recent low-cost non-invasive brain stimulation technique that decreases cortical excitability in healthy subjects. The objective of the present study was to test the ability of tSMS to modulate cortical excitability in patients with Parkinson’s disease. We performed a randomized double-blind sham-controlled cross-over study to assess cortical excitability before and immediately after tSMS (or sham) applied for 10 min to the more affected motor cortex of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Cortical excitability was quantified by the amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). tSMS significantly decreased MEP amplitudes in patients OFF medication (after overnight withdrawal of dopaminergic drugs), but not ON medication (after an acute dose of levodopa). The between-patients variability of tSMS-induced changes was significantly greater ON medication. The variability ON medication could be partly explained by disease progression, i.e. the more advanced the patient, the more likely it was to observe a switch from inhibitory tSMS plasticity OFF medication to paradoxical facilitatory plasticity ON medication. These results suggest that tSMS induces dopamine-dependent changes of cortical excitability in patients with Parkinson’s disease.