bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Nervous System Responses of the Oriental migratory, Locusta migratoria manilensis, to Fungal Infection
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen Jianhong , Keyhani Nemat O. , Jin Kai , Wei Qinlv , Xia Yuxian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractResponses of the central nervous system (CNS) to microbial challenge and the interplay between the CNS and the immune system are important for defending against pathogen attack. We have examined the CNS transcriptional response of Locusta migratoria manilensis to infection by the locust-specific fungal pathogen, Metarhizium acridum. CNS responses were examined during spore attachment, fungal germination and pre-penetration of the cuticle, and cuticle penetration/hemocoel ingress and proliferation. Effects were seen at the earliest time points (4 h post-infection) and the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was highest during late mycosis (72 h post-infection). Significantly affected neurological pathways included genes involved in serotonergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamergic synapse responses, as well as pathways responsible for synaptic vesicle cycle, long-term potentiation and depression, and neurotrophin and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. In addition, a significant number of immune related DEGs were identified. These included components of the Toll, Imd and JAK/STAT pathways, consistent with interactions between the CNS and immune systems. The activation of immune response related CNS genes during early stage infection highlights the rapid detection of microbial pathogens and suggests an important role for the CNS in modulating immunity potentially via initiating behavioral adaptations along with innate immune responses.
Monitoring the electron dynamics of the excited state via higher-order spectral minimum
Authors: Zhang Cai-Ping , Xia Chang-Long , Jia Xiang-Fu , Miao Xiang-Yang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA pump-probe scheme for monitoring the electron dynamics of the excited state has been investigated by numerically solving the two-state time-dependent Schrödinger equation based on the non-Born-Oppenheimer approximation. By adjusting the delay time between a mid-infrared probe pulse and an ultra violet pump pulse, an obvious minimum can be seen in the higher-order harmonic region. With electron probability density distribution, ionization rate and classical simulation, the minimum can be ascribed to the electron localization around one nucleus at larger delay time and represents the electron dynamics of the excited state at the time of ionization. Moreover, the position of the minimum is much more sensitive to the nuclear motion.
Late-onset hypersensitivity after a lesion in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus: A macaque model of central post-stroke pain
Authors: Nagasaka Kazuaki , Takashima Ichiro , Matsuda Keiji , Higo Noriyuki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCentral post-stroke pain (CPSP) can occur as a result of a cerebrovascular accident in the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus. Developing therapeutic interventions for CPSP is difficult because its pathophysiology is unclear. Here we developed and characterized a macaque model of CPSP. The location of the VPL was determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and extracellular recording of neuronal activity during tactile stimulation, after which a hemorrhagic lesion was induced by injecting collagenase type IV. Histological analysis revealed that most of the lesion was localized within the VPL. Several weeks after the injection, the macaques displayed behavioral changes that were interpreted as reflecting the development of both mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Immunohistochemistry revealed that microglial and astrocytic activation in the perilesional areas lasted at least 3 months after injection. The present model reproduced the symptoms of patients suffering from CPSP, in which both mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia often develop several weeks after cerebrovascular accident. Further, the long-lasting glial activation revealed here may be characteristic of primate brains following injury. The present model will be useful not only for examining the neurological changes underlying CPSP, but also for testing therapeutic interventions for CPSP.
The role of Hfq in regulation of lipA expression in Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5
Authors: Liu Wu , Li Menggang , Yan Jinyong , Yan Yunjun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPseudomonas lipase is a well-studied lipase. However, few studies have been conducted to examine the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the lipase expression. Hfq is a global regulatory protein that, among others, controls the expression of multiple genes, regulate bacterial peristalsis, and participates in the regulation of quorum-sensing (QS) system. In this study, the effects of Hfq on lipase expression were investigated by knocking out the hfq and rsmY genes or overexpressing of hfq and rsmY genes. We found that Hfq regulates the expression of lipA at both transcriptional and translational levels. The translational level was the main regulatory level of lipA. Hfq also regulates the expression and stability of rsmY. Additionally, using hfq/rsmY double gene knock-out, we showed that Hfq can directly bind to the rsmY to regulate lipA activity. In conclusion, our results indicate that Hfq regulates the expression of rsmY mainly at the translational level to influence the expression of lipA in Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5.
Disorder versus two transport lifetimes in a strongly correlated electron liquid
Authors: Marshall Patrick B. , Kim Honggyu , Stemmer Susanne 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe report on angle-dependent measurements of the sheet resistances and Hall coefficients of electron liquids in SmTiO3/SrTiO3/SmTiO3 quantum well structures, which were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (001) DyScO3. We compare their transport properties with those of similar structures grown on LSAT [(La0.3Sr0.7)(Al0.65Ta0.35)O3]. On DyScO3, planar defects normal to the quantum wells lead to a strong in-plane anisotropy in the transport properties. This allows for quantifying the role of defects in transport. In particular, we investigate differences in the longitudinal and Hall scattering rates, which is a non-Fermi liquid phenomenon known as lifetime separation. The residuals in both the longitudinal resistance and Hall angle were found to depend on the relative orientations of the transport direction to the planar defects. The Hall angle exhibited a robust T2 temperature dependence along all directions, whereas no simple power law could describe the temperature dependence of the longitudinal resistances. Remarkably, the degree of the carrier lifetime separation, as manifested in the distinctly different temperature dependences and diverging residuals near a critical quantum well thickness, was completely insensitive to disorder. The results allow for a clear distinction between disorder-induced contributions to the transport and intrinsic, non-Fermi liquid phenomena, which includes the lifetime separation.
Predicting irreversible electroporation-induced tissue damage by means of magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Kranjc Matej , Kranjc Simona , Bajd Franci , Serša Gregor , Serša Igor , Miklavčič Damijan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIrreversible electroporation (IRE) is gaining importance in routine clinical practice for nonthermal ablation of solid tumors. For its success, it is extremely important that the coverage and exposure time of the treated tumor to the electric field is within the specified range. Measurement of electric field distribution during the electroporation treatment can be achieved using magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT). Here, we show improved MREIT-enabled electroporation monitoring of IRE-treated tumors by predicting IRE-ablated tumor areas during IRE of mouse tumors in vivo. The in situ prediction is enabled by coupling MREIT with a corresponding Peleg-Fermi mathematical model to obtain more informative monitoring of IRE tissue ablation by providing cell death probability in the IRE-treated tumors. This technique can potentially be used in electroporation-based clinical applications, such as IRE tissue ablation and electrochemotherapy, to improve and assure the desired treatment outcome.
Small molecule T63 suppresses osteoporosis by modulating osteoblast differentiation via BMP and WNT signaling pathways
Authors: Zhao Xiao-li , Chen Jin-jing , Zhang Guo-ning , Wang Yu-cheng , Si Shu-yi , Chen Lin-Feng , Wang Zhen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOsteoporosis results from the imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, and restoring the normal balance of bone remodeling is highly desirable for identification of better treatment. In this study, using a cell-based high-throughput screening model representing Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) transcriptional activity, we identified a novel small-molecular-weight compound, T63, as an efficient up-regulator of osteogenesis. T63 increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) activity and mineralization as well as gene expression of Alpl and other osteogenic marker genes in mouse osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cell-like cells. Upon induction of osteoblast differentiation, T63 inhibited adipogenic differentiation in the pluripotent mesenchymal cells. Consistently, T63 up-regulated RUNX2 mRNA and protein levels, and knockdown of RUNX2 reduced the osteogenic role of T63. Mechanistically, T63 activated both BMPs and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways. Inhibition of either signaling pathway with specific inhibitor suppressed T63-induced RUNX2 expression and the osteogenic phenotypes. Moreover, T63 markedly protected against bone mass loss in the ovariectomized and dexamethasone treated rat osteoporosis model. Collectively, our data demonstrate that T63 could be a promising drug candidate and deserves further development for potential therapeutics in osteoporosis.
Light rare earth element depletion during Deepwater Horizon blowout methanotrophy
Authors: Shiller A. M. , Chan E. W. , Joung D. J. , Redmond M. C. , Kessler J. D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRare earth elements have generally not been thought to have a biological role. However, recent work has demonstrated that the light REEs (LREEs: La, Ce, Pr, and Nd) are essential for at least some methanotrophs, being co-factors in the XoxF type of methanol dehydrogenase (MDH). We show here that dissolved LREEs were significantly removed in a submerged plume of methane-rich water during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) well blowout. Furthermore, incubation experiments conducted with naturally methane-enriched waters from hydrocarbon seeps in the vicinity of the DWH wellhead also showed LREE removal concurrent with methane consumption. Metagenomic sequencing of incubation samples revealed that LREE-containing MDHs were present. Our field and laboratory observations provide further insight into the biochemical pathways of methanotrophy during the DWH blowout. Additionally, our results are the first observations of direct biological alteration of REE distributions in oceanic systems. In view of the ubiquity of LREE-containing MDHs in oceanic systems, our results suggest that biological uptake of LREEs is an overlooked aspect of the oceanic geochemistry of this group of elements previously thought to be biologically inactive and an unresolved factor in the flux of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the ocean.
Motion correction in optoacoustic mesoscopy
Authors: Schwarz Mathias , Garzorz-Stark Natalie , Eyerich Kilian , Aguirre Juan , Ntziachristos Vasilis 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRaster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM), also termed photoacoustic mesoscopy, offers novel insights into vascular morphology and pathophysiological biomarkers of skin inflammation in vivo at depths unattainable by other optical imaging methods. Using ultra-wideband detection and focused ultrasound transducers, RSOM can achieve axial resolution of 4 micron and lateral resolution of 20 micron to depths of several millimeters. However, motion effects may deteriorate performance and reduce the effective resolution. To provide high-quality optoacoustic images in clinical measurements, we developed a motion correction algorithm for RSOM. The algorithm is based on observing disruptions of the ultrasound wave front generated by the vertical movement of the melanin layer at the skin surface. From the disrupted skin surface, a smooth synthetic surface is generated, and the offset between the two surfaces is used to correct for the relative position of the ultrasound detector. We test the algorithm in measurements of healthy and psoriatic human skin and achieve effective resolution up to 5-fold higher than before correction. We discuss the performance of the correction algorithm and its implications in the context of multispectral mesoscopy.
Triple-negative breast cancer targeting and killing by EpCAM-directed, plasmonically active nanodrug systems
Authors: Jenkins Samir V. , Nima Zeid A. , Vang Kieng B. , Kannarpady Ganesh , Nedosekin Dmitry A. , Zharov Vladimir P. , Griffin Robert J. , Biris Alexandru S. , Dings Ruud P. M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn ongoing need for new cancer therapeutics exists, especially ones that specifically home and target triple-negative breast cancer. Because triple-negative breast cancer express low or are devoid of estrogen, progesterone, or Her2/Neu receptors, another target must be used for advanced drug delivery strategies. Here, we engineered a nanodrug delivery system consisting of silver-coated gold nanorods (AuNR/Ag) targeting epithelial cell adhesion/activating molecule (EpCAM) and loaded with doxorubicin. This nanodrug system, AuNR/Ag/Dox-EpCAM, was found to specifically target EpCAM-expressing tumors compared to low EpCAM-expressing tumors. Namely, the nanodrug had an effective dose (ED50) of 3 μM in inhibiting 4T1 cell viability and an ED50 of 110 μM for MDA-MD-231 cells. Flow cytometry data indicated that 4T1 cells, on average, express two orders of magnitude more EpCAM than MDA-MD-231 cells, which correlates with our ED50 findings. Moreover, due to the silver coating, the AuNR/Ag can be detected simultaneously by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and photoacoustic microscopy. Analysis by these imaging detection techniques as well as by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed that the targeted nanodrug system was taken up by EpCAM-expressing cells and tumors at significantly higher rates than untargeted nanoparticles (p < 0.05). Thus, this approach establishes a plasmonically active nanodrug theranostic for triple-negative breast cancer and, potentially, a delivery platform with improved multimodal imaging capability for other clinically relevant chemotherapeutics with dose-limiting toxicities, such as platinum-based or taxane-based therapies.
Distinct transcriptional responses of lymphatic endothelial cells to VEGFR-3 and VEGFR-2 stimulation
Authors: Dieterich Lothar C. , Ducoli Luca , Shin Jay W. , Detmar Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors play crucial roles in the formation of blood and lymphatic vessels during embryogenesis, and also under pathologic conditions in the adult. Despite intensive efforts over the last decades to elucidate the precise functions of VEGFs, transcriptional responses to VEGF receptor stimulation are still not fully characterized. To investigate the specific transcriptional effects of VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 activation, we performed a correlation analysis of previously published CAGE sequencing and microarray data of human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) stimulated with distinct VEGFs acting through either VEGFR-2 or VEGFR-3. We identified that specific activation of VEGFR-3 by VEGF-C156S results in the downregulation of many genes involved in immune regulation and inflammation, suggesting that VEGFR-3 stimulation has direct anti-inflammatory effects. Comparing CAGE and microarray data sets, we furthermore identified a small number of genes that showed a receptor-dependent response in LECs, demonstrating that these receptors, despite activating very similar signaling pathways, fulfill overlapping but not identical functions within the same cell type (LECs).
The FANTOM5 collection, a data series underpinning mammalian transcriptome atlases in diverse cell types
Authors: Kawaji Hideya , Kasukawa Takeya , Forrest Alistair , Carninci Piero , Hayashizaki Yoshihide 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe latest project from the FANTOM consortium, an international collaborative effort initiated by RIKEN, generated atlases of transcriptomes, in particular promoters, transcribed enhancers, and long-noncoding RNAs, across a diverse set of mammalian cell types. Here, we introduce the FANTOM5 collection, bringing together data descriptors, articles and analyses of FANTOM5 data published across the Nature Research journals. Associated data are openly available for reuse by all.
Sensitivity of the s-process nucleosynthesis in AGB stars to the overshoot model
Authors: Goriely S. , Siess L. 
Published: August 2017

Context. S-process elements are observed at the surface of low- and intermediate-mass stars. These observations can be explained empirically by the so-called partial mixing of protons scenario leading to the incomplete operation of the CN cycle and a significant primary production of the [see formula in PDF] neutron source. This scenario has been successful in qualitatively explaining the s-process enrichment in AGB stars. Even so, it remains difficult to describe both physically and numerically the mixing mechanisms taking place at the time of the third dredged-up between the convective envelope and the underlying C-rich radiative layer
Aims. We aim to present new calculations of the s-process nucleosynthesis in AGB stars testing two different numerical implementations of chemical transport. These are based on a diffusion equation which depends on the second derivative of the composition and on a numerical algorithm where the transport of species depends linearly on the chemical gradient.
Methods. The s-process nucleosynthesis resulting from these different mixing schemes is calculated with our stellar evolution code STAREVOL which has been upgraded to include an extended s-process network of 411 nuclei. Our investigation focuses on a fiducial 2 M⊙, [Fe/H] = −0.5 model star, but also includes four additional stars of different masses and metallicities.
Results. We show that for the same set of parameters, the linear mixing approach produces a much larger 13C-pocket and consequently a substantially higher surface s-process enrichment compared to the diffusive prescription. Within the diffusive model, a quite extreme choice of parameters is required to account for surface s-process enrichment of 1–2 dex. These extreme conditions can not, however, be excluded at this stage.
Conclusions. Both the diffusive and linear prescriptions of the overshoot mixing are suited to describe the s-process nucleosynthesis in AGB stars provided the profile of the diffusion coefficient below the convective envelope is carefully chosen. Both schemes give rise to relatively similar distributions of s-process elements, but depending on the parameters adopted, some differences may be obtained. These differences are in the element distribution, and most of all in the level of surface enrichment.
Häufigkeit und Zeitpunkt von Entscheidungen gegen intensivmedizinische Maßnahmen und tumorspezifische Therapien in einer universitären Hämatologie und Onkologie
Authors: Mehlis Katja , Becker Christina , Christ Carola , Laryionava Katsiaryna , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Heußner Pia , Winkler Eva 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung Entscheidungen zur Therapiebegrenzung (TBE) sind wichtig, um Übertherapie am Lebensende zu verhindern. Sie werden jedoch nicht immer vorher mit dem Patienten besprochen oder ausreichend dokumentiert. Im Rahmen einer Studie zur Verbesserung von TBE bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittener hämatologischer/onkologischer Erkrankung wurde untersucht, wie häufig TBE einem Todesfall vorausgehen und wie frühzeitig diese festgelegt werden.
Methodik In die Querschnittsstudie wurden 567 stationäre Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen hämatologischen/ onkologischen Neoplasien an der Medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik III am LMU-Klinikum München eingeschlossen. Mithilfe eines standardisierten Erfassungsbogens wurde dokumentiert, ob und welche Entscheidungen zur Therapiebegrenzung festgelegt waren und bis zum Tod umgesetzt wurden.
Ergebnisse Bei 26 % (n = 147) der 567 Patienten wurde eine TBE festgelegt. Meist waren diese TBE von Beginn an schriftlich dokumentiert (90 %; n = 132), 20 % (n = 30) wurden im Verlauf geändert. Der Anteil der Verstorbenen mit TBE betrug 82 % (n = 62 von 76 Verstorbenen). Die Erstfestlegung einer TBE erfolgte auf Normalstation im Median 6 Tage vor dem Tod der Patienten, auf der Palliativstation im Median 10,5 Tage vor dem Tod. Im Vergleich zu den hämatologischen Patienten wurde bei jenen mit onkologischen Erkrankungen häufiger eine TBE festgelegt (64 vs. 36 %) und die Entscheidung wurde etwas früher getroffen (7 vs. 5 Tage vor dem Tod).
Folgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass TBE heute dem Tod vieler hämatologisch-onkologischer Patienten vorausgehen, jedoch in der Regel erst in der letzten Lebenswoche erfolgen. Dies birgt die Gefahr, dass die Zeit bis zum Tod für Gespräche mit allen Beteiligten nicht ausreicht. Diese Ergebnisse sind in eine Ethikleitlinie zur Therapiebegrenzung für stationäre Patienten mit einer fortgeschrittenen hämatologischen/ onkologischen Erkrankung eingeflossen, die eine vorausschauende Behandlungsplanung unterstützen soll.
Chronische Nierenerkrankungen – was der Praktiker wissen sollte
Authors: Dabers Thomas , Weckmann Gesine , Chenot Jean-Francois , Stracke Sylvia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) affects between 3 and 17 % of the population in Europe, especially elderly persons. CKD is a clinical syndrome which may develop in patients with e. g. diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension or autoimmune diseases. A poorer renal function – especially in old age – is to be considered irrespective of the medication. Many antibiotics and painkillers require dose adjustments. Therapy should be done in a manner which is suitable for indication. Polypharmacy should be avoided as far as possible. Diuretics and RAAS inhibitors are useful drugs in therapy of CKD. Changes of lifestyle are important, so as weight reduction, restriction of salt and fructose, sufficient drinking, strict control of blood glucose, blood pressure and hypercholesterolaemia. Additional acute lesions have to be avoided ("acute-on-chronic renal failure").
Neugeborenen-Hörscreening, Tracking und hörgerichtete Frühförderung
Authors: Loderstedt Marja , Vorwerk Wilma , Arens Christoph , Vorwerk Ulrich 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungOhne Hören sind Sprache und damit menschliche Kommunikation nicht möglich. Zu spät erkannte angeborene Hörstörungen können zu tiefgreifenden
Entwicklungsstörungen führen. Die hohe Prävalenz steigt weiter, wenn Risikofaktoren hinzutreten. Ein Screening ist unerlässlich, führt
alleine aber nicht zum Erfolg. Wird die Diagnose bestätigt, müssen die Kinder individuell gefördert und ihre Familien sozialpädagogisch,
ggf. psychologisch betreut werden.