bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrapulmonary exchange of the stable isotope 18O2 injected intravenously in man
Authors: Lassen N. A. , Fritts H. W. , Caldwell P. R. B. , Giuntini C. , Dansgaard W. , Cournand A. 
Published: December 2017

The stable isotope 18O2 was used to study the exchange of oxygen molecules between pulmonary capillary blood and alveolar gas in 16 patients with either normal lungs or limited lung disease. The technique entailed combining gaseous 18O2 with blood, then mixing the blood anaerobically with saline containing T-1824 dye and 85Kr in solution. After the combination of tracers had been injected into a vein, arterial blood was collected during the first passage of the indicators through the central circulation. Recoveries of the tracer gases were expressed as percentages of the amounts that would have been found had no loss from the blood stream occurred. The recoveries of 18O2 were related to the oxygen concentration in the inspired gas, and averaged 55, 40, and 11% at inspired concentrations of 14, 21, and 65%, respectively. The recovery of 85Kr was about 2%, and was independent of the inspired oxygen concentration. These results were compared to those predicted in a theoretical model, and found to agree satisfactorily intrapulmonary gas exchange; intrapulmonary oxygen exchange Submitted on October 2, 1964
Alveolar dead space, alveolar shunt, and transpulmonary pressure
Authors: Workman J. M. , Penman R. W. B. , Bromberger-Barnea B. , Permutt S. , Riley R. L. 
Published: December 2017

The effect of transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) on gas exchange in the dog lung was studied in 10 open-chested dogs. Rates of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation were held constant (right heart bypass and pump respirator) while Ptp was varied. Alveolar dead space ventilation and alveolar shunt perfusion were calculated from CO2 and O2 gradients. The results are finally expressed in terms of a three-compartment lung model. It is shown that a misinterpretation is possible if alveolar dead space or alveolar shunt compartments are expressed as fractions, respectively, of all ventilated or all perfused alveoli, therefore each has been expressed as a fraction of the whole lung. It is concluded that the alveolar shunt compartment decreased as Ptp was increased, over the lower range of Ptp studied. No significant change was detected in the alveolar dead space compartment, as Ptp was varied. alveolar-arterial O2 gradient; anatomical dead space; arterial-alveolar CO2 gradient; distribution of pulmonary perfusion; distribution of pulmonary ventilation; right heart bypass preparation; ventilation/perfusion relationships Submitted on February 16, 1965
A small, lightweight precordial counter for determination of cardiac output
Authors: Gorten Ralph J. 
Published: December 2017

A compact, lightweight scintillation detector which can be firmly attached to the anterior chest was fabricated in order to better adapt the isotope-precordial counting technic for measurements of cardiac output during exercise. In this manner useful indicator-dilution curves can be obtained without arterial puncture at light-to-heavy levels of bicycle ergometer or treadmill exercise. The use of a thin crystal and the omission of lead shielding and collimation of the detector is possible with a soft-energy gamma-emitting indicator of blood flow such as iodinated (I125) albumin. cardiac output during exercise; lightweight precordial scintillation detector; iodione 125; isotope-precordial counting technic Submitted on May 28, 1965
Microscopy and viscometry of blood flowing under uniform shear rate(rheoscopy)
Authors: Schmid-Schoenbein Holger , Wells Roe , Schildkraut Robert 
Published: December 2017

Transparent cone and plate in a Wells-Brookfield LVT viscometer allow direct microscopic observation ( x 60–400 magnification) of blood flowing under specific rates of shear (0.6–1,380 set–1) while simultaneously measuring shear stress. The viscometer is placed on the stage of an inverted microscope; observation in bright-field and dark-field illumination is made through a thin optical quartz inserted in the plate. The range of shear rates is extended by the use of different cone angles and can be adapted to any desired level by driving the viscometer motor with a sine-wave generator with variable output. The use of the instrument confirmed recent theories about the role of reversible red cell aggregation upon the rheology of blood at low shear rates. The influence of quantified flow forces on reversible red cell aggregation and irreversible platelet aggregation can be examined directly. blood rheology; microscopy of blood flow; platelet aggregation; red cell aggregation Submitted on August 5, 1968
Life Span of Red Blood Cell
Authors: Berlin N. I. , Waldmann T. A. , Weissman S. M. 
Published: December 2017

N. I. Berlin, T. A. Waldmann, and S. M. Weissman, “Life Span of Red Blood Cell” Page 588, line 23, volume 39, should read: (see pdf) Page 594, line 3, volume 39, should read: (see pdf)
Use of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Patients With Heart Failure and Comorbid Diabetes Mellitus or Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Cooper Lauren B. , Lippmann Steven J. , Greiner Melissa A. , Sharma Abhinav , Kelly Jacob P. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Yancy Clyde W. , Heidenreich Paul A. , Hernandez Adrian F. 
Published: December 2017

Background

Perceived risks of hyperkalemia and acute renal insufficiency may limit use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (
MRA
) therapy in patients with heart failure, especially those with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease.

Methods and Results

Using clinical registry data linked to Medicare claims, we analyzed patients hospitalized with heart failure between 2005 and 2013 with a history of diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease. We stratified patients by
MRA
use at discharge. We used inverse probability–weighted proportional hazards models to assess associations between
MRA
therapy and 30‐day, 1‐year, and 3‐year mortality, all‐cause readmission, and readmission for heart failure, hyperkalemia, and acute renal insufficiency. We performed interaction analyses for differential effects on 3‐year outcomes for reduced, borderline, and preserved ejection fraction. Of 16 848 patients, 12.3% received
MRA
therapy at discharge. Higher serum creatinine was associated with lower odds of
MRA
use (odds ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.71); serum potassium was not (odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.90–1.11). There was no mortality difference between groups.
MRA
therapy was associated with greater risks of readmission for hyperkalemia and acute renal insufficiency and lower risks of long‐term all‐cause readmission. Patients on
MRA
therapy with borderline or preserved ejection fraction had greater risks of readmission for hyperkalemia (
P
=0.02) and acute renal insufficiency (
P
<0.001); patients with reduced ejection fraction did not.

Conclusions

Among patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease,
MRA
use was associated with lower risk of all‐cause readmission despite greater risk of hyperkalemia and acute renal insufficiency.
Dental implants: what have we learnt from long-term follow-up?
Authors: Webb Lyndsey , Coleman Alexandra , Nixon Peter 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: At dental hospitals and general dental practices across the UK there are increasing numbers of patients attending with problems related to their dental implants. Many of the most challenging to deal with are those where implants were placed many years previously. With more evidence now available from long-term studies, this paper will look at the causes and incidence of implant and prosthesis complications, and suggest practical methods of management in these cases. The impact of obsolete implant systems on patient treatment will be considered, and how age-related patient factors can alter the management of these cases. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To explore the needs and treatment burden of patients with implant-retained restorations and consider important factors in the care and management of these patients over time.
Dry mouth in children: an under-reported condition?
Authors: Ivanova Monika M , Wallace Ann , Hegarty Anne M , Harris Jennifer C 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Dry mouth has a profound effect on the oral environment and alters susceptibility to oral disease. It is well-recognized in adults but affected children may not report symptoms even when severe oral dryness is present, potentially leading to late diagnosis and missed opportunities to prevent caries and other adverse sequelae. This article describes the causes and clinical signs of salivary hypofunction in children and young people and documents some associated emotional and social impacts on patients and their families. It is illustrated by four cases where the underlying diagnoses were 22q11 micro-deletion syndrome, congenital salivary gland aplasia, sarcoidosis and medication-induced.CPD/Clinical Relevance: An awareness of the possible presentations, underlying causes and impacts of dry mouth in children and young people will enable vigilant dental practitioners to diagnose the problem at an earlier stage, so that appropriate enhanced preventive care and additional support can be offered promptly.
Immediate management of avulsion injuries in children
Authors: Kirby Jennifer , Rogers Helen , Agel Mona , Gilchrist Fiona 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Avulsion is the complete displacement of a tooth from the socket and is considered a dental emergency. The pulp is severed from the neurovascular supply apically and the periodontal ligament is ruptured or torn. Expedient management of avulsion injuries is required, including appropriate telephone advice and emergency management. In the majority of cases, re-implantation and splinting is indicated. The ultimate aim of treatment is for an avulsed tooth to achieve periodontal healing. However, unfavourable healing can lead to pulpal necrosis, inflammatory resorption and replacement resorption of the tooth, leading to premature tooth loss.CPD/Clinical Relevance: Avulsion of a tooth is a dental emergency that requires prompt re-implantation and splinting of the tooth. It is imperative that all dentists are able to provide initial telephone advice and emergency management, including re-implantation and splinting.
A flipped classroom approach to teaching oral pathology using virtual microscopy – the glasgow experience
Authors: Makki Zayneb , Bagg Jeremy 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: This paper describes a student-centred, integrated teaching model in which oral pathology and oral medicine staff members jointly deliver tutorials in a combined online and face-to-face format. Students are provided with clinical and histopathological information, which they must review and use to answer questions via a Virtual Learning Environment before the tutorial takes place. By reviewing the students' answers online before the teaching session, staff can focus the tutorial itself on resolving knowledge gaps and afterwards post a set of gold standard answers online for students to reflect upon. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article illustrates a combination of teaching methods and modern technologies which integrate clinical with laboratory sciences and enhance the access of students to histopathological materials without the need for access to a traditional microscopy facility.
That first all important meeting with your patient!
Authors: Jayachandran Sivakumar , Walmsley A Damien 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Understanding patient desires during prosthodontic management in the general practice setting may be challenging. Careful recognition of the clues from the patient in the initial few appointments will ease the subsequent treatment for both the dentist and the patient. This article discusses treatment choices in dentistry and how to tailor them to individual patients.CPD/Clinical Relevance: Potential difficult clinical situations can be managed effectively if identified at the earlier stages of meeting with a patient. Therefore, initial consultation appointments are important as a prognostic tool in prosthodontics/restorative treatment planning.
An audit on the professional intervention of smoking
Authors: Moore Jatinder 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Smoking accompanies recognized health risks. It is the dental practitioner's duty to provide professional intervention as recommended by Public Health England. This article describes an audit that aimed to measure the professional intervention provided by dentists, compare this to standards and to improve the amount of intervention. It describes each step of the audit cycle in detail. It is an easily reproducible audit that practitioners can use. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article will describe how an audit to improve the amount of professional intervention given for smoking was designed and implemented and aims to encourage others to do so similarly.
The therapeutic relationship between nurse and patient in the endoscopy setting: a literature review
Authors: Ware Dale 
Published: December 2017

Aims:To explore what the literature has to say on the therapeutic relationship between nurse and endoscopy patient in a changing NHS.Methods:A search was undertaken of 10 online literature databases. Using a screening tool, seven studies were selected as suitable for review, each of which were then critically analysed and emergent themes identified.Results:The common themes to emerge from the data were anxiety, pain, long waits, personal manner, technical skill, information giving, communication and nurse presence, each of which had implications for the therapeutic relationship in endoscopy. Patients valued their encounters with the nurse as therapeutic, even though time was limited. However, some patients displayed a need for less-intimate, prompter care that impacted as little as possible on their lives.Conclusion:The therapeutic relationship in time-limited encounters, such as endoscopy, is complex and requires the skill and awareness of the nurse in order to be effective. Better education programmes are required to equip nurses with the necessary skills, along with appropriate models of care to promote self-help, which should be incorporated into endoscopy units.
Early Cardiac Changes in Radioiodine Treated Young Athyrotic Patients Receiving Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Suppressive Levothyroxine (LT4) Replacement
Authors: Begum Fatima , Ahmed Chaudhury Meshkat , Kabir Enamul , Nahar Nurun , Sultana Sadia , Banerjee Sajal , Afroz Shahana , Zaman Nazma 
Published: December 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate early changes of heart due to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppressive levothyroxine (LT4) replacement in young athyrotic patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Materials andMethods: Thirty young athyrotic patients with DTC, age ranged 20-39 years after radioactive iodine ablation therapy (RAIT), were selected prospectively. These patients had been receiving 200µg/day LT4 replacement therapy starting from the third day of RAIT. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA) and life style matched 23 healthy volunteers were recruited in the study. Clinical, thyroid hormones levels and Doppler Echocardiographic and Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) data were taken at baseline at two months of initiation of LT4 replacement in patients with DTC and in healthy volunteers. Echocardiographic data of patients with DTC were repeated at second visit after 6-12 months of RAIT and both data compared with control.Results: Diastolic parameters evaluated by Doppler Echocardiography and TDI were significantly different in patients with DTC compared to control. Early diastolic tissue velocity (Em) in patients with DTC showed higher value at second visit compared to control (Em, control subjects, 19±6 cm /sec, patients at second visit, 23 ± 4 cm /sec, p<0.03). Late diastolic flow (Am) of patients was higher at two visits (Am, at first visit, 15±5 cm/sec; at second visit, 19 ± 6 cm/sec) (p<0.004) compared to control (Am, 9 ± 1.6 cm/sec). Modified Tei index was significantly increased (mean 0.48 ± 0.06) in second visit in patients with DTC compared to control (mean 0.33 ± 0.04) and at first visit (mean 0.31 ± 0.05, p<0.001) respectively.Conclusion: It is concluded that supraphysiologic dose of LT4 has side effects on heart even within short period of replacement. TDI is an important tool to evaluate the early changes in myocardium.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(1): 9-15, January 2015
An MPCC Formulation and Its Smooth Solution Algorithm for Continuous Network Design Problem
Authors: Wang Guangmin , Yu Junwei , Li Shubin 
Published: December 2017

Continuous network design problem (CNDP) is searching for a transportation network configuration to minimize the sum of the total system travel time and the investment cost of link capacity expansions by considering that the travellers follow a traditional Wardrop user equilibrium (UE) to choose their routes. In this paper, the CNDP model can be formulated as mathematical programs with complementarity constraints (MPCC) by describing UE as a non-linear complementarity problem (NCP). To address the difficulty resulting from complementarity constraints in MPCC, they are substituted by the Fischer-Burmeister (FB) function, which can be smoothed by the introduction of the smoothing parameter. Therefore, the MPCC can be transformed into a well-behaved non-linear program (NLP) by replacing the complementarity constraints with a smooth equation. Consequently, the solver such as LINDOGLOBAL in GAMS can be used to solve the smooth approximate NLP to obtain the solution to MPCC for modelling CNDP. The numerical experiments on the example from the literature demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is feasible.
The Effect of Drivers' Demographic Characteristics on Road Accidents in Different Seasons Using Data Mining
Authors: Shokohyar Sajjad , Taati Ehsan , Zolfaghari Sara 
Published: December 2017

According to World Health Organization, each year, over 1.2 million people die on roads, and between 20 and 50 million suffer non-fatal injuries. Based on international reports, Iran has a high death rate caused by road accidents. The objective of this study was to extract implicit knowledge from road accident data sets on roads of Iran through data mining. In this regard, three useful data mining techniques were combined: clustering, classification and rule extraction. Following the preparation stage, data were segmented via three clustering algorithms; Kohonen, K-Means and Twostep. Two-step cluster analysis is a one-pass-through data approach which generates a fairly large number of pre-clusters. Next, the optimized algorithm and cluster were identified, after which, in the classification level and by adding the drivers' demographic features through C5.0, a classification algorithm was employed so as to make the decision tree. Ultimately, the effects of these demographic features were investigated on road accidents. The characteristics such as age, job, driving license duration and gender proved to be more important factors in accident analysis. Certain rules of accidents were then extracted in each season of the year.
Multiple Photoluminescence from Pyrene‐Fused Hexaarylbenzenes with Aggregation‐Enhanced Emission Features
Authors: Wang Chuan‐Zeng , Noda Yuki , Wu Chong , Feng Xing , Venkatesan Perumal , Cong Hang , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Warwick Thomas G. , Teat Simon J. , Redshaw Carl , Yamato Takehiko 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMultiple photoluminescence, which included monomer emission, excimer emission, and charge‐transfer emission processes, has been observed from new pyrene‐fused hexaarylbenzene (HAB) compounds, which were synthesized in high yields through a Diels–Alder reaction between bis(2‐tert‐butylpyren‐6‐yl)acetylene and tetraphenylcyclopentadienone. Although the differentiation between the two molecules only arose from the geometrical position of one of the pyrenes, the NMR spectra, crystal packing, and physicochemical properties of these pyrene‐based HAB hybrids were distinctly different in both the solution and aggregate states. X‐ray diffraction analysis clearly indicated that the pyrene moieties adopted different crystal packing arrangements in the crystalline state that could induce a multiple‐photoluminescence phenomenon.
Quasi‐Relativistic Heat Equation via Lévy Stable Distributions: Exact Solutions
Authors: Penson Karol A. , Górska Katarzyna , Horzela Andrzej , Dattoli Giuseppe 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe introduce and study an extension of the heat equation relevant to relativistic energy formula involving square root of differential operators. We furnish exact solutions of corresponding Cauchy (initial) problem using the operator formalism invoking one‐sided Lévy stable distributions. We note a natural appearance of Bessel polynomials which allow one to obtain closed form solutions for a number of initial conditions. The resulting diffusion is slower than the non‐relativistic one, although it still can be termed a normal one. Its detailed statistical characterization is presented in terms of exact evaluation of arbitrary moments and kurtosis and is compared with the non‐relativistic case.
Optimizing the identification of risk‐relevant mutations by multigene panel testing in selected hereditary breast/ovarian cancer families
Authors: Coppa Anna , Nicolussi Arianna , D'Inzeo Sonia , Capalbo Carlo , Belardinilli Francesca , Colicchia Valeria , Petroni Marialaura , Zani Massimo , Ferraro Sergio , Rinaldi Christian , Buffone Amelia , Bartolazzi Armando , Screpanti Isabella , Ottini Laura , Giannini Giuseppe 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe introduction of multigene panel testing for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer screening has greatly improved efficiency, speed, and costs. However, its clinical utility is still debated, mostly due to the lack of conclusive evidences on the impact of newly discovered genetic variants on cancer risk and lack of evidence‐based guidelines for the clinical management of their carriers. In this pilot study, we aimed to test whether a systematic and multiparametric characterization of newly discovered mutations could enhance the clinical utility of multigene panel sequencing. Out of a pool of 367 breast/ovarian cancer families Sanger‐sequenced for BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, we selected a cohort of 20 BRCA1/2‐negative families to be subjected to the BROCA‐Cancer Risk Panel massive parallel sequencing. As a strategy for the systematic characterization of newly discovered genetic variants, we collected blood and cancer tissue samples and established lymphoblastoid cell lines from all available individuals in these families, to perform segregation analysis, loss‐of‐heterozygosity and further molecular studies. We identified loss‐of‐function mutations in 6 out 20 high‐risk families, 5 of which occurred on BRCA1, CHEK2 and ATM and are esteemed to be risk‐relevant. In contrast, a novel RAD50 truncating mutation is most likely unrelated to breast cancer. Our data suggest that integrating multigene panel testing with a pre‐organized, multiparametric characterization of newly discovered genetic variants improves the identification of risk‐relevant alleles impacting on the clinical management of their carriers.