bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The phenomenon of consumption in television series<p>Televizyon dizilerinde tüketim olgusu
Authors: Karaboğa Tahir 
Published: April 2016

Capitalist economic system in its current developmental process fictionalizes and constructs many of the societal elements toward the consumption of products and services. Television series today emerge as one of the most effective sales strategies in the marketing of goods and services of companies. Television series display the products of companies by the methods that mobilize the feelings of individuals, advertise the trademarks, and consequently ensure the continuity of the industrial system by triggering the shopping tendencies of individuals.The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the consumption phenomenon and the contents of television series. Within this perspective, how and to what extent consumption phenomenon is presented in the series has been examined.The data consists of video recordings of the 7 television series and 14 episodes broadcasted at 7 national television channels (TRT1, Kanal D, Show, Samanyolu, Star, Fox and ATV) in Turkey.This study is a descriptive one and has employed qualitative methods. The findings have revealed that the variety of consumer products and the number of commercials are remarkably high in the television series, and thousands of products and services have been presented by the characters in the series. In addition, it has been found out that there is a parallelism between the products presented in the series and the advertising categories. ÖzetKapitalist ekonomik sistem geldiği gelişim noktasında toplumsallığa ait pek çok unsuru tüketim ürün ve hizmetlerinin satın alınması yönünde kurgulamakta ve inşa etmektedir. Televizyon dizileri günümüzde, firmaların tüketim mal ve hizmetlerinin pazarlanmasında en etkili satış stratejilerinden biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Televizyon dizileri, insanların tüketim ile ilgili duygularını harekete geçirecek yöntemlerle firmaların tüketim ürünlerini teşhir etmekte, markaların reklamlarını yapmakta ve insanların satın alma eğilimini tetikleyerek endüstriyel sistemin sürekliliğini sağlamaktadır.Bu çalışma, yerli televizyon dizi içerikleri ile tüketim olgusu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda televizyon dizilerinde tüketim olgusunun nasıl sunulduğu, tüketim olgusunun ne derecede yer aldığı incelenmiştir.Araştırmanın verileri, Türkiye’de özel ve kamu televizyonculuk faaliyeti yapan, TRT1, Kanal D, Show, Samanyolu, Star, Fox ve ATV televizyon kanallarında yer alan 7 yerli dizinin 14 bölümüne ait görüntülerini içeren video kayıtlarından oluşmaktadır.Bu çalışma betimsel bir çalışma olup nitel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları televizyon dizilerinde tüketim ürün çeşitliliği ve reklamların sayısının dikkat çekici ölçüde fazla olduğunu, binlerce firmanın tüketim ürün ve hizmetinin dizi karakterleri tarafından kullanılarak tanıtıldığını, dizide ön plana çıkan ürün kategorileri ile reklam kategorileri arasında bir paralellik göstermiştir.
Multiplicity of Radial Solutions of Quasilinear Problems with Minimum and Maximum
Authors: Ma Ruyun , Liu Ruikuan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We show the existence and multiplicity of radial solutions for the problems with minimum and maximum involving mean curvature operators in the Minkowski space:

{

div
⁡

(

ϕ
N

⁢

(

∇
⁡
v

)

)

=

F
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(
v
)

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(

|
x
|

)

for a.e.
⁢

R
1

<

|
x
|

<

R
2

,

x
∈

ℝ
N

,

N
≥
2

,

min
⁡

{

v
⁢

(
x
)

∣

R
1

≤

|
x
|

≤

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2

}

=
A

,

max
⁡

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v
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,

$\left\{\begin{aligned} &\displaystyle\operatorname{div}(\phi_{N}(\nabla v))=F(% v)(\lvert x\rvert)\quad\text{for a.e. }R_{1}<\lvert x\rvert<R_{2},\,x\in% \mathbb{R}^{N},\,N\geq 2,\\ &\displaystyle\min\bigl{\{}v(x)\mid R_{1}\leq\lvert x\rvert\leq R_{2}\bigr{\}}% =A,\quad\max\bigl{\{}v(x)\mid R_{1}\leq\lvert x\rvert\leq R_{2}\bigr{\}}=B,% \end{aligned}\right.$

where

ϕ
N

⁢

(
z
)

=

z
/

1
-

|
z
|

2

${\phi_{N}(z)=z/\sqrt{1-\lvert z\rvert^{2}}}$

,

z
∈

ℝ
N

${z\in\mathbb{R}^{N}}$

,

R
1

,

R
2

,
A
,
B

∈
ℝ

${R_{1},R_{2},A,B\in\mathbb{R}}$

are constants satisfying

1
<

R
1

<

R
2

-
1

${1<R_{1}<R_{2}-1}$

and

A
<
B

${A<B}$

;

|
⋅
|

${\lvert\cdot\rvert}$

denotes the Euclidean norm in

ℝ
N

${\mathbb{R}^{N}}$

, and

F
:

C
1

⁢

[

R
1

,

R
2

]

→

L
1

⁢

[

R
1

,

R
2

]

${F:C^{1}[R_{1},R_{2}]\to L^{1}[R_{1},R_{2}]}$

is an unbounded operator. By using the Leray–Schauder degree theory and the Borsuk theorem, we prove that the problem has at least two different radial solutions.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Lean Premixed Methane-Air Flame in a Micro-Channel Reactor Using Different Chemical Kinetics
Authors: Chen Junjie , Liu Baofang , Gao Xuhui , Xu Deguang 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Flame temperature and structure are a useful tool for describing flame dynamics and flame stability, especially at the micro-scale. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of different kinetic models (that have been proven to accurately predict the macro-combustion behavior of hydrocarbons) on the combustion characteristics and the flame stability in microreactors, and to explore the applicability of these kinetic models at the micro-scale. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of lean premixed methane-air flame in micro-channel reactors were carried out to examine the effect of different reaction mechanisms (Mantel, Duterque and Fernández-Tarrazo model) on the reaction rate and the flame structure and temperature. The time-scales with regard to homogeneous reaction and heat transfer were analyzed. The CFD results indicate that kinetic models strongly affect flame stability. Large transverse gradients in temperature and species are observed in all kinetic models, despite the small scales of the microreactor. Preheating, combustion, and post-combustion regions can be distinguished only in Duterque and Mantel model. Duterque model causes a stable elongated homogeneous flame with a considerable ignition delay as well as a dead region with cold feed accumulation near the entrance, and is inappropriate for micro-combustion studies because of the seriously overestimated flame temperature. Fernández-Tarrazo model causes a rapid extinction and a flashback risk, and is also inappropriate for micro-combustion studies due to the significantly underestimated reaction rate, without taking all kinetic factors into account. Mantel model can accurately predict the micro-flame behavior and consequently can be used for describing micro-combustion.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis for Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Eggshell
Authors: Abdanan Mehdizadeh Saman , Nadi Fatemeh 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Egg is a complete food package. Importance and quality of this sealed food package rely on its invulnerability to external contaminants. Therefore, eggshell with no cracks and high resistance against loads during transportation, packaging, and so on is recommended. There are two methods for measurement of shell resistance: destructive and nondestructive methods. Modeling and simulation of eggshell by computer and finite element software (FEM) is one of the nondestructive methods which was used in this study to measure eggshell resistance. ANSYS 10 software was utilized to perform finite element analysis. In destructive testing of 90 hen eggs, the average eggshell rupture force was determined to be 22.7 N at 0.144 mm displacement when applying parallel plate force. Results of the finite element analysis showed that for 0.144 mm displacement, the estimated rupture force was 21.7 N. Results of FE analysis showed that maximum stress and displacement occurred at the point of application of the force interface with the supports and at the equator. Stress value at failure point was 14.307 MPa for the first principal stress, 8.75 MPa for the second and –0.028 MPa for the third principal stress by finite element method.
Deliberative Risk Ranking to Inform Homeland Security Strategic Planning
Authors: Lundberg Russell , Willis Henry H. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Reliably managing homeland security risks requires an understanding of which risks are more concerning than others. This paper applies a validated risk ranking methodology, the Deliberative Method for Ranking Risks, to the homeland security domain. This method provides a structured approach to elicit risk rankings from participants based on deliberative consideration of science-based risk assessments. Steps in this effort include first identifying the set of attributes that must be covered when describing terrorism and disaster hazards in a comprehensive manner, then developing concise summaries of existing knowledge of a broad set of homeland security hazards. Using these materials, the study elicits relative concerns about the hazards that are being considered. The relative concerns about hazards provide a starting point for prioritizing solutions for reducing risks to homeland security. The consistency and agreement of the rankings, as well as the individual satisfaction with the process and results, suggest that the Deliberative Method for Ranking Risks can be appropriately applied in the homeland security domain. The rankings themselves reflected greater concern over natural disasters than terrorist events. This research suggests that deliberative risk ranking methods could provide a valid and reliable description of individuals’ concerns about homeland security risks to inform strategic planning.
International Mobility of Capital in the United States: Robust Evidence from Time-Series Tests
Authors: Singh Tarlok 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between domestic saving and investment and measures the international mobility of capital in the United States. The long-run model, “with” and “without” structural breaks, is estimated using several single-equation and system estimators to assess the robustness of results and take an exhaustive account of the methodological and measurement issues. The results provide dominant support for the long-run relationship between domestic saving and investment. The estimates of the slope parameter on saving above zero and the dominant support for cointegration between saving and investment across estimators vindicate the validity of intertemporal budget constraint and suggest the sustainability of current account deficits. The numerical magnitude of the slope parameter on saving is consistently low across estimators. The results showing the low slope parameter on saving resonate with the observed high mobility of capital. The estimates of the model with structural breaks reinforce the dominant support for the long-run relationship between domestic saving and investment. The inclusion of these structural breaks in the model generally reduces the numerical magnitude of the slope parameter on saving and suggests the high mobility of capital.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for women with granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Tempfer Clemens B. , Solass Wiebke , Dogan Askin , Hefler Lukas A. , Reymond Marc-André 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground: Adult and juvenile granulosa cell tumors of the ovary are rare functional sex-cord-stromal ovarian neoplasms characterized by low malignant potential and late relapse. Evidence-based management options for primary and recurrent juvenile (JGCT) and adult (AGCT) granulosa cell tumors are limited and treatment options have not been standardized. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) may be an option to treat these women effectively.Methods: Systematic literature review using PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Results: No reports of HIPEC among women with a first diagnosis of AGCT were identified. We identified 5 reports on the safety and therapeutic efficacy of CRS and HIPEC in 19 patients with recurrent AGCT and one patient with JGCT. The pooled rate of complete cytoreduction was 95 % (18/19) with 16 % (3/19) severe morbidity and no procedure-related mortality. The median time of follow-up was 30 (range, 3 to 72) months, during which 6/19 (31 %) patients experienced a recurrence and two patients (10 %) died of the disease.Conclusion: CRS and HIPEC are a safe and potentially effective treatment option for selected women with recurrent AGCT limited to the abdomen.
Ascl1 Is Required for the Development of Specific Neuronal Subtypes in the Enteric Nervous System
Authors: Memic Fatima , Knoflach Viktoria , Sadler Rebecca , Tegerstedt Gunilla , Sundström Erik , Guillemot Francois , Pachnis Vassilis , Marklund Ulrika 
Published: April 2016

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is organized into neural circuits within the gastrointestinal wall where it controls the peristaltic movements, secretion, and blood flow. Although proper gut function relies on the complex neuronal composition of the ENS, little is known about the transcriptional networks that regulate the diversification into different classes of enteric neurons and glia during development. Here we redefine the role of Ascl1 (Mash1), one of the few regulatory transcription factors described during ENS development. We show that enteric glia and all enteric neuronal subtypes appear to be derived from Ascl1-expressing progenitor cells. In the gut ofAscl1−/−mutant mice, neurogenesis is delayed and reduced, and posterior gliogenesis impaired. The ratio of neurons expressing Calbindin, TH, and VIP is selectively decreased while, for instance, 5-HT+neurons, which previously were believed to be Ascl1-dependent, are formed in normal numbers. Essentially the same differentiation defects are observed inAscl1KINgn2transgenic mutants, where the proneural activity of Ngn2 replaces Ascl1, demonstrating that Ascl1 is required for the acquisition of specific enteric neuronal subtype features independent of its role in neurogenesis. In this study, we provide novel insights into the expression and function of Ascl1 in the differentiation process of specific neuronal subtypes during ENS development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of different neuronal subtypes during development of the enteric nervous system are poorly understood despite its pivotal function in gut motility and involvement in gastrointestinal pathology. This report identifies novel roles for the transcription factor Ascl1 in enteric gliogenesis and neurogenesis. Moreover, independent of its proneurogenic activity, Ascl1 is required for the normal expression of specific enteric neuronal subtype characteristics. Distinct enteric neuronal subtypes are formed in a temporally defined order, and we observe that the early-born 5-HT+neurons are generated inAscl1−/−mutants, despite the delayed neurogenesis. Enteric nervous system progenitor cells may therefore possess strong intrinsic control over their specification at the initial waves of neurogenesis.
Prolonged Inner Retinal Photoreception Depends on the Visual Retinoid Cycle
Authors: Zhao Xiwu , Pack Weston , Khan Naheed W. , Wong Kwoon Y. 
Published: April 2016

In addition to rods and cones, mammals have inner retinal photoreceptors called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which use the photopigment melanopsin and mediate nonimage-forming visual responses, such as pupil reflexes and circadian entrainment. After photic activation, photopigments must be reverted to their dark state to be light-sensitive again. For rods and to some extent cones, photopigment regeneration depends on the retinoid cycle in the adjacent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). By contrast, ipRGCs are far from the RPE, and previous work suggests that melanopsin is capable of light-dependent self-regeneration. Here, we usedin vitroipRGC recording andin vivopupillometry to show that the RPE is required for normal melanopsin-based responses to prolonged light, especially at high stimulus intensities. Melanopsin-based photoresponses of rat ipRGCs were remarkably sustained when a functional RPE was attached to the retina, but became far more transient if the RPE was removed, or if the retinoid cycle was inhibited, or when Müller glia were poisoned. Similarly, retinoid cycle inhibition markedly reduced the steady-state amplitude of melanopsin-driven pupil reflexes in both mice and rats. However, melanopsin photoresponses in RPE-separated rat retinas became more sustained in the presence of an11-cis-retinal analog. In conclusion, during prolonged illumination, melanopsin regeneration depends partly on11-cis-retinal from the RPE, possibly imported via Müller cells. Implications for RPE-related eye diseases and the acne drug isotretinoin (a retinoid cycle inhibitor) are discussed.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIntrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) contain the photopigment melanopsin and drive subconscious physiological responses to light, e.g., pupillary constriction and neuroendocrine regulation. In darkness, each photopigment molecule in ipRGCs, as well as rod/cone photoreceptors, contains11-cis-retinal (a vitamin A derivative) and light isomerizes it toall-trans-retinal, which activates the photopigment. To make this photopigment excitable again,all-trans-retinal must be reisomerized to11-cis-retinal. For rods and to some extent cones, this reisomerization occurs in the adjacent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), but because ipRGCs are far from the RPE, they are thought to regenerate excitable melanopsin exclusively through RPE-independent means. Here, we present electrophysiological and behavioral evidence that ipRGCs depend on the RPE to continuously regenerate melanopsin during intense prolonged photostimulation.
Merkel Cell-Driven BDNF Signaling Specifies SAI Neuron Molecular and Electrophysiological Phenotypes
Authors: Reed-Geaghan Erin G. , Wright Margaret C. , See Lauren A. , Adelman Peter C. , Lee Kuan Hsien , Koerber H. Richard , Maricich Stephen M. 
Published: April 2016

The extent to which the skin instructs peripheral somatosensory neuron maturation is unknown. We studied this question in Merkel cell–neurite complexes, where slowly adapting type I (SAI) neurons innervate skin-derived Merkel cells. Transgenic mice lacking Merkel cells had normal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron numbers, but fewer DRG neurons expressed the SAI markers TrkB, TrkC, and Ret. Merkel cell ablation also decreased downstream TrkB signaling in DRGs, and altered the expression of genes associated with SAI development and function. Skin- and Merkel cell-specific deletion ofBdnfduring embryogenesis, but not postnatalBdnfdeletion orNtf3deletion, reproduced these results. Furthermore, prototypical SAI electrophysiological signatures were absent from skin regions whereBdnfwas deleted in embryonic Merkel cells. We conclude that BDNF produced by Merkel cells during a precise embryonic period guides SAI neuron development, providing the first direct evidence that the skin instructs sensory neuron molecular and functional maturation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPeripheral sensory neurons show incredible phenotypic and functional diversity that is initiated early by cell-autonomous and local environmental factors found within the DRG. However, the contribution of target tissues to subsequent sensory neuron development remains unknown. We show that Merkel cells are required for the molecular and functional maturation of the SAI neurons that innervate them. We also show that this process is controlled by BDNF signaling. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of somatosensory neuron development and reveal a novel way in which Merkel cells participate in mechanosensation.
Mechanisms Underlying Population Response Dynamics in Inhibitory Interneurons of theDrosophilaAntennal Lobe
Authors: Nagel Katherine I. , Wilson Rachel I. 
Published: April 2016

Local inhibitory neurons control the timing of neural activity in many circuits. To understand how inhibition controls timing, it is important to understand the dynamics of activity in populations of local inhibitory interneurons, as well as the mechanisms that underlie these dynamics. Here we describe thein vivoresponse dynamics of a large population of inhibitory local neurons (LNs) in theDrosophila melanogasterantennal lobe, the analog of the vertebrate olfactory bulb, and we dissect the network and intrinsic mechanisms that give rise to these dynamics. Some LNs respond to odor onsets (“ON” cells) and others to offsets (“OFF” cells), whereas still others respond at both times. Moreover, different LNs signal odor concentration fluctuations on different timescales. Some respond rapidly, and can track rapid concentration fluctuations. Others respond slowly, and are best at tracking slow fluctuations. We found a continuous spectrum of preferred stimulation timescales among LNs, as well as a continuum of ON–OFF behavior. Usingin vivowhole-cell recordings, we show that the timing of an LN′s response (ON vs OFF) can be predicted from the interplay of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents that it receives. Meanwhile, the preferred timescale of an LN is related to its intrinsic properties. These results illustrate how a population of inhibitory interneurons can collectively encode bidirectional changes in stimulus intensity on multiple timescales, and how this can arise via an interaction between synaptic and intrinsic mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMost neural circuits contain diverse populations of inhibitory interneurons. The way inhibition shapes network activity will depend on the spiking dynamics of the interneuron population. Here we describe the dynamics of activity in a large population of inhibitory interneurons in the first brain relay of the fruit fly olfactory system. Because odor plumes fluctuate on multiple timescales, the drive to this circuit can vary over a range of frequencies. We show how synaptic and cellular mechanisms interact to recruit different interneurons at different times, and in response to different temporal features of odor stimuli. As a result, inhibition is recruited over a range of conditions, and there is the potential to tune the timing of inhibition as the environment changes.