bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallizing highly-likely subspaces that contain an unknown quantum state of light
Authors: Teo Yong Siah , Mogilevtsev Dmitri , Mikhalychev Alexander , Řeháček Jaroslav , Hradil Zdeněk 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn continuous-variable tomography, with finite data and limited computation resources, reconstruction of a quantum state of light is performed on a finite-dimensional subspace. In principle, the data themselves encode all information about the relevant subspace that physically contains the state. We provide a straightforward and numerically feasible procedure to uniquely determine the appropriate reconstruction subspace by extracting this information directly from the data for any given unknown quantum state of light and measurement scheme. This procedure makes use of the celebrated statistical principle of maximum likelihood, along with other validation tools, to grow an appropriate seed subspace into the optimal reconstruction subspace, much like the nucleation of a seed into a crystal. Apart from using the available measurement data, no other assumptions about the source or preconceived parametric model subspaces are invoked. This ensures that no spurious reconstruction artifacts are present in state reconstruction as a result of inappropriate choices of the reconstruction subspace. The procedure can be understood as the maximum-likelihood reconstruction for quantum subspaces, which is an analog to, and fully compatible with that for quantum states.
Post-Translational Incorporation of L-Phenylalanine into the C-Terminus of α-Tubulin as a Possible Cause of Neuronal Dysfunction
Authors: Ditamo Yanina , Dentesano Yanela M. , Purro Silvia A. , Arce Carlos A. , Bisig C. Gastón 
Published: December 2016

Abstractα-Tubulin C-terminus undergoes post-translational, cyclic tyrosination/detyrosination, and L-Phenylalanine (Phe) can be incorporated in place of tyrosine. Using cultured mouse brain-derived cells and an antibody specific to Phe-tubulin, we showed that: (i) Phe incorporation into tubulin is reversible; (ii) such incorporation is not due to de novo synthesis; (iii) the proportion of modified tubulin is significant; (iv) Phe incorporation reduces cell proliferation without affecting cell viability; (v) the rate of neurite retraction declines as level of C-terminal Phe incorporation increases; (vi) this inhibitory effect of Phe on neurite retraction is blocked by the co-presence of tyrosine; (vii) microtubule dynamics is reduced when Phe-tubulin level in cells is high as a result of exogenous Phe addition and returns to normal values when Phe is removed; moreover, microtubule dynamics is also reduced when Phe-tubulin is expressed (plasmid transfection). It is known that Phe levels are greatly elevated in blood of phenylketonuria (PKU) patients. The molecular mechanism underlying the brain dysfunction characteristic of PKU is unknown. Beyond the differences between human and mouse cells, it is conceivable the possibility that Phe incorporation into tubulin is the first event (or among the initial events) in the molecular pathways leading to brain dysfunctions that characterize PKU.
Validation of plasma microRNAs as biomarkers for myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Perfetti A. , Greco S. , Cardani R. , Fossati B. , Cuomo G. , Valaperta R. , Ambrogi F. , Cortese A. , Botta A. , Mignarri A. , Santoro M. , Gaetano C. , Costa E. , Dotti M. T. , Silvestri G. , Massa R. , Meola G. , Martelli F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNon-invasive and simple to measure biomarkers are still an unmet need for myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Indeed, muscle biopsies can be extremely informative, but their invasive nature limits their application. Extracellular microRNAs are emerging humoral biomarkers and preliminary studies identified a group of miRNAs that are deregulated in the plasma or serum of small groups of DM1 patients. Here we adopted very stringent selection and normalization criteria to validate or disprove these miRNAs in 103 DM1 patients and 111 matched controls. We confirmed that 8 miRNAs out of 12 were significantly deregulated in DM1 patients: miR-1, miR-27b, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-206, miR-140-3p, miR-454 and miR-574. The levels of these miRNAs, alone or in combination, discriminated DM1 from controls significantly, and correlated with both skeletal muscle strength and creatine kinase values. Interestingly, miR-133b levels were significantly higher in DM1 female patients. Finally, the identified miRNAs were also deregulated in the plasma of a small group (n = 30) of DM2 patients. In conclusion, this study proposes that miRNAs might be useful as DM1 humoral biomarkers.
Structural basis for broad neutralization of HIV-1 through the molecular recognition of 10E8 helical epitope at the membrane interface
Authors: Rujas Edurne , Caaveiro Jose M. M. , Partida-Hanon Angélica , Gulzar Naveed , Morante Koldo , Apellániz Beatriz , García-Porras Miguel , Bruix Marta , Tsumoto Kouhei , Scott Jamie K. , Jiménez M. Ángeles , Nieva José L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe mechanism by which the HIV-1 MPER epitope is recognized by the potent neutralizing antibody 10E8 at membrane interfaces remains poorly understood. To solve this problem, we have optimized a 10E8 peptide epitope and analyzed the structure and binding activities of the antibody in membrane and membrane-like environments. The X-ray crystal structure of the Fab-peptide complex in detergents revealed for the first time that the epitope of 10E8 comprises a continuous helix spanning the gp41 MPER/transmembrane domain junction (MPER-N-TMD; Env residues 671–687). The MPER-N-TMD helix projects beyond the tip of the heavy-chain complementarity determining region 3 loop, indicating that the antibody sits parallel to the plane of the membrane in binding the native epitope. Biophysical, biochemical and mutational analyses demonstrated that strengthening the affinity of 10E8 for the TMD helix in a membrane environment, correlated with its neutralizing potency. Our research clarifies the molecular mechanisms underlying broad neutralization of HIV-1 by 10E8, and the structure of its natural epitope. The conclusions of our research will guide future vaccine-design strategies targeting MPER.
A indicator of visceral adipose dysfunction to evaluate metabolic health in adult Chinese
Authors: Xia Ming-Feng , Chen Ying , Lin Huan-Dong , Ma Hui , Li Xiao-Ming , Aleteng Qiqige , Li Qian , Wang Dan , Hu Yu , Pan Bai-shen , Li Xue-Jun , Li Xiao-Ying , Gao Xin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractVisceral adipose dysfunction is a major cause of metabolic disorders. However, there is lack of a clinical index for prediction of visceral fat dysfunction in Asians. The present study aims to establish a visceral adiposity index for evaluation of metabolic health status in Chinese, the largest Asian ethnic group. 485 subjects were recruited from Lianqian Community, Xiamen and received abdominal computed tomography(CT) for visceral fat area. A Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) was created using multivariate linear regression analyses, and was further validated in 6495 subjects recruited from Changfeng Community, Shanghai. CVAI was well associated with visceral obesity (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.60, P < 0.001). The AUROCs were 0.89(0.88–0.90), 0.72(0.71–0.73), 0.69(0.68–0.71) and 0.67(0.65–0.68) for determination of metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes and prediabetes, respectively. CVAI was more valuable compared to BMI and waist circumference in evaluation of metabolic risks (all P < 0.001), even in subjects with metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) and metabolically healthy obese/overweight (MHO). This study demonstrates that CVAI is a reliable and applicable index for evaluation of visceral fat dysfunction in Chinese. It might be used to evaluate metabolic health status in Asians.
Analyzing individual differences in second language research
Authors: Linck Jared A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Second language (L2) learners differ on myriad attributes, ranging from cognitive abilities (e.g. auditory perceptual acuity, working memory) to linguistic abilities like L2 proficiency to personality or motivational factors. For decades, scholars have been interested in understanding the impact of these individual differences on L2 outcomes as well as on the learner’s responsiveness to instructional treatments. In contrast to categorical factors like gender, when the attribute of interest varies along a continuum, there are various approaches for analyzing the individual difference variable. Simpler approaches involve reducing the complexity of the analysis by binning or splitting a sample into categorical groups (e.g. by performing a median split) then conducting traditional analyses such as t-tests and ANOVAs. But the concomitant loss of information in the individual difference measure can greatly reduce statistical power, thereby rendering it much more difficult to detect true effects — particularly when the effects are small, as they typically are in L2 research. Moreover, the resulting inferences may no longer map cleanly onto the research questions that originally motivated the research. Mixed effects models — a variant of regression — provide flexibility in the analysis of individual differences that can maintain the observed variability in the data so that scholars can directly test the hypotheses motivating their research. In this chapter, through a series of example models worked out in the R statistical software, I demonstrate the feasibility and ease of using mixed effects models to examine individual differences in L2 research. The examples focus on a scenario requiring the analysis of individual differences while also modeling the main and interactive effects of multiple factors (i.e. experimental design manipulations).
Corrective feedback and working memory capacity
Authors: Goo Jaemyung 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The present study, as a conceptual replication of Goo (2012), is designed to compare recasts with metalinguistic feedback in terms of the development of the English that-trace filter and explore the role of working memory (WM) in the extent to which L2 learners benefit from the two feedback moves. Eighty-three Korean EFL learners were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three groups: recast (n = 24), metalinguistic (n = 27), and control (n = 32). Each learner carried out a series of tasks and tests: a WM span task (operation span), a dyadic intensive treatment task, oral production tests, and grammaticality judgment tests (GJTs). Results showed that metalinguistic feedback was more effective than recasts at facilitating accuracy in oral production involving the English that-trace filter, but not on the GJT measure, and that WM was not found to have mediated the effectiveness of either feedback move.
The Impact of the Law on Industrial Disputes Revisited: A Perspective on Developments over the Last Two Decades
Authors: Elgar Jane , Simpson Bob 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article revisits research carried out by the authors in the 1990s into the impact of the law on industrial disputes. A resumé of that work recalls the responses of union negotiators; this demonstrated considerable success in adapting their strategies in both negotiations and disputes in which industrial action was threatened in order to avoid or minimise the adverse impact of the changing legal requirements—or even adopt these requirements to their advantage. A further survey of union negotiators in the mid-1990s disclosed relatively optimistic expectations for amendments to the law by a Labour government which would make the legal framework for negotiations and disputes broadly acceptable. Our small survey of national union officials carried out during the period of the 2010–15 coalition government reflected the failure of the 1997–2010 Labour governments to make the requirements of the law on, in particular industrial action ballots, both more certain and less demanding on union resources. While the relative optimism of the 1990s had not come to fruition, trade unions’ ability to adapt to changing circumstances, which was a central feature of our earlier work, was still evident, albeit at a greater cost to their resources in a more restrictive legal environment.
Second Chance
Authors: Torrey E Fuller 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
My second career as a schizophrenia researcher will focus on infectious agents as a cause. It will include the collection of serial sera, cerebrospinal fluid, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging on a cohort of affected individuals over 20 years. Since I believe that the initial transmission of these agents occurs in childhood, I will also follow a cohort of children from birth to age 20. Additional projects will focus on rheumatoid arthritis, geographic case clusters, immigrants, and epidemiology.
Hemodynamic Disturbances in the Early Phase After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Studied by Bedside Xenon-enhanced CT
Authors: Engquist Henrik , Lewén Anders , Howells Tim , Johnson Ulf , Ronne-Engström Elisabeth , Nilsson Pelle , Enblad Per , Rostami Elham 
Published: December 2016

Background:
The mechanisms leading to neurological deterioration and the devastating course of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are still not well understood. Bedside xenon-enhanced computerized tomography (XeCT) enables measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during neurosurgical intensive care. In the present study, CBF characteristics in the early phase after severe SAH were explored and related to clinical characteristics and early clinical course outcome.

Materials and Methods:
Patients diagnosed with SAH and requiring mechanical ventilation were prospectively enrolled in the study. Bedside XeCT was performed within day 0 to 3.

Results:
Data from 64 patients were obtained. Median global CBF was 34.9 mL/100 g/min (interquartile range [IQR], 26.7 to 41.6). There was a difference in CBF related to age with higher global CBF in the younger patients (30 to 49 y). CBF was also related to the severity of SAH with lower CBF in Fisher grade 4 compared with grade 3. rCBF disturbances and hypoperfusion were common; in 43 of the 64 patients rCBF<20 mL/100 g/min was detected in more than 10% of the region-of-interest (ROI) area and in 17 patients such low-flow area exceeded 30%. rCBF was not related to the localization of the aneurysm; there was no difference in rCBF of ipsilateral compared with contralateral vascular territories. In patients who initially were in Hunt & Hess grade I to III, median global CBF day 0 to 3 was significantly lower for patients who were in poor neurological state at discharge compared with patients in good neurological state, 25.5 mL/100 g/min (IQR, 21.3 to 28.3) versus 37.8 mL/100 g/min (IQR, 30.5 to 47.6).

Conclusions:
CBF disturbances are common in the early phase after SAH. In many patients, CBF was heterogenic and substantial areas with low rCBF were detected. Age and CT Fisher grade were factors influencing global cortical CBF. Bedside XeCT may be a tool to identify patients at risk of deteriorating so they can receive intensified management, but this needs further exploration.
Looking closer at acute respiratory distress syndrome: the role of advanced imaging techniques
Authors: Bellani Giacomo , Rouby Jean-Jaques , Constantin Jean-Michel , Pesenti Antonio 
Published: December 2016

Purpose of review
Advanced imaging techniques have provided invaluable insights in understanding of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the effect of therapeutic strategies, thanks to the possibility of gaining regional information and moving from simple ‘anatomical’ information to in-vivo functional imaging.

Recent findings
Computed tomography (CT) led to the understanding of several ARDS mechanisms and interaction with mechanical ventilation. It is nowadays frequently part of routine diagnostic workup, often leading to treatment changes. Moreover, CT is a reference for novel techniques both in clinical and preclinical studies. Bedside transthoracic lung ultrasound allows semiquantitative regional analysis of lung aeration, identifies ARDS lung morphology and response to therapeutic maneuvers. Electrical impedance tomography is a radiation-free, functional, bedside, imaging modality which allows a real-time monitoring of regional ventilation. Finally, positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique that allows to trace physiologic processes, by administration of a radioactive molecule. PET with 18FDG has been applied to patients with ARDS, thanks to its ability to track the inflammatory cells activity.

Summary
Progresses in lung imaging are key to individualize therapy, diagnosis, and pathophysiological mechanism at play in any patient at any specified time, helping to move toward personalized medicine for ARDS.
Heterotopic Abdominal Rat Heart Transplantation as a Model to Investigate Volume Dependency of Myocardial Remodeling
Authors: Benke Kálmán , Sayour Alex Ali , Mátyás Csaba , Ágg Bence , Németh Balázs Tamás , Oláh Attila , Ruppert Mihály , Hartyánszky István , Szabolcs Zoltán , Radovits Tamás , Merkely Béla , Szabó Gábor 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Heterotopic abdominal rat heart transplantation has been extensively used to investigate ischemic-reperfusion injury, immunological consequences during heart transplantations and also to study remodeling of the myocardium due to volume unloading. We provide a unique review on the latter and present a summary of the experimental studies on rat heart transplantation to illustrate changes that occur to the myocardium due to volume unloading. We divided the literature based on whether normal or failing rat heart models were used. This analysis may provide a basis to understand the physiological effects of mechanical circulatory support therapy.
Management of acute stroke in patients on oral anticoagulants
Authors: Purrucker Jan C. , Steiner Thorsten 
Published: December 2016

Purpose of review
An increasing number of patients are receiving oral anticoagulants. Since non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were approved, primary prevention of ischemic stroke has become simpler. However, managing ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage while on oral anticoagulation (OAC) has become more complex. This review covers the latest developments in managing ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in patients receiving vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and NOACs.

Recent findings
Testing coagulation in patients with acute ischemic stroke and receiving NOACs is complex, and observational data challenge guideline recommendations. Initial registry and cohort data support the safety of endovascular therapy despite OAC. In intracerebral hemorrhage, rapid reversal of VKA can be achieved better with prothrombin complex concentrates than with fresh frozen plasma. Furthermore, rapid reversal seems to be associated with less hematoma expansion and better functional outcome. In addition, new evidence strongly supports resuming OAC after intracerebral hemorrhage. The unfavorable properties of NOAC-related intracerebral hemorrhage are similar to those associated with VKA.

Summary
Translation of recent findings might improve both outcome in acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in patients on oral anticoagulants and help refine clinical management. Data from randomized clinical trials are scarce.
Trends in open and distance learning research: 2005 vs 2015
Authors: Wong Yuen Yee , Zeng Jing , Ho Chun Kit 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the research trends in the field of open and distance learning (ODL) as reflected in journal articles.

Design/methodology/approach
It compares research articles published in 2005 and 2015. Content analysis was conducted on a total of 288 research articles published in seven peer-reviewed journals on ODL. The study covers research areas and keywords, research methodology and participant types, and author collaboration.

Findings
The results show that macro-level research on areas such as globalization and cultural aspects of ODL remain relatively scarce, and international collaboration appear uncommon in both 2005 and 2015. However, there was an increasing amount of international collaboration in developing macro-level research. Empirical research studies, especially those using quantitative methods, have become the dominant methodology. The data sources have also been broadened. Several new keywords which did not exist or were rarely used (e.g. massive open online courses) have become common in 2015.

Originality/value
The analysis offers insights for researchers into how they can develop their research effectively in the field and enhance the chances of their research outputs being accepted. Recommendations are also made for ODL researchers on the types of research that tend to be accepted for publication and will have a high potential impact in the future.
An experience based view on leader development: leadership as an emergent and complex accomplishment
Authors: Andersson Thomas , Tengblad Stefan 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The paper aims to identify and address matching problems in leader development and to propose how these problems can be dealt with.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on previous research, traditional leadership development (LD) is criticized and alternative approaches are suggested.

Findings
This research identifies two major matching problems in traditional LD – between participant and development effort and between development effort and realities of managerial work. A context-sensitive and emergent view of LD is suggested to address these matching problems.

Practical implications
The paper illustrates the need of leader development that is addressing the complex nature of managerial work in a more holistic way and to help participants to understand how such complexities can be dealt with.

Originality/value
An alternative view of leader development is identified. It matches managers’ diversities and the realities of managerial work better than traditional leader development does.
Building urban climate resilience through community-driven approaches to development
Authors: Archer Diane 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to explore how the implementation of community-driven approaches to improve the living conditions of the urban poor can also have positive co-benefits for resilience to climate change, by addressing the underlying drivers of physical, social and economic vulnerability.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper applies a case study approach, drawing from the documented experiences of organised urban poor groups in Asian countries already actively participating in collective settlement upgrading, building networks and financial resources for further action.

Findings
The findings show that while certain actions might not be taken with climate change adaptation specifically in mind, these development activities also contribute to broader resilience to climate change, by reducing exposure to risk and addressing other drivers of vulnerability. The findings also show that partnerships between low income communities and other urban stakeholders, including local government, and innovative financial mechanisms managed by communities, can lead to scaled-up action to address development and adaptation deficits. This can lead the way for transformation in socio-political systems.

Practical implications
The approaches applied by organised urban poor groups in Asia show that community-level actions can make a positive contribution to building their resilience to climate change, and with local government support and partnership, it could lead to scaled-up actions, through a bottom-up approach to multi-level governance.

Originality/value
This paper considers how community-driven actions can build resilience to climate change, and it argues that adaptation and development should be considered together.