bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution, physiology and pharmacology of relaxin‐3/RXFP3 systems in brain
Authors: Ma Sherie , Smith Craig M , Blasiak Anna , Gundlach Andrew L 
Published: October 2016

Relaxin‐3 is a member of a superfamily of structurally‐related peptides that includes relaxin and insulin‐like peptide hormones. Soon after the discovery of the relaxin‐3 gene, relaxin‐3 was identified as an abundant neuropeptide in brain with a distinctive topographical distribution within a small number of GABAergic neuron populations that is well conserved across species. Relaxin‐3 is thought to exert its biological actions through a single class‐A GPCR – relaxin‐family peptide receptor 3 (RXFP3). Class‐A comprises GPCRs for relaxin‐3 and insulin‐like peptide‐5 and other peptides such as orexin and the monoamine transmitters. The RXFP3 receptor is selectively activated by relaxin‐3, whereas insulin‐like peptide‐5 is the cognate ligand for the related RXFP4 receptor. Anatomical and pharmacological evidence obtained over the last decade supports a function of relaxin‐3/RXFP3 systems in modulating responses to stress, anxiety‐related and motivated behaviours, circadian rhythms, and learning and memory. Electrophysiological studies have identified the ability of RXFP3 agonists to directly hyperpolarise thalamic neurons in vitro, but there are no reports of direct cell signalling effects in vivo. This article provides an overview of earlier studies and highlights more recent research that implicates relaxin‐3/RXFP3 neural network signalling in the integration of arousal, motivation, emotion and related cognition, and that has begun to identify the associated neural substrates and mechanisms. Future research directions to better elucidate the connectivity and function of different relaxin‐3 neuron populations and their RXFP3‐positive target neurons in major experimental species and humans are also identified.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Progress in the Understanding of Relaxin Family Peptides and their Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.10/issuetoc
Examining dental expenditure and dental insurance accounting for probability of incurring expenses
Authors: Teusner Dana , Smith Valerie , Gnanamanickam Emmanuel , Brennan David 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectivesThere are few studies of dental service expenditure in Australia. Although dental insurance status is strongly associated with a higher probability of dental visiting, some studies indicate that there is little variation in expenditure by insurance status among those who attend for care. Our objective was to assess the overall impact of insurance on expenditures by modelling the association between insurance and expenditure accounting for variation in the probability of incurring expenses, that is dental visiting.MethodsA sample of 3000 adults (aged 30–61 years) was randomly selected from the Australian electoral roll. Dental service expenditures were collected prospectively over 2 years by client‐held log books. Questionnaires collecting participant characteristics were administered at baseline, 12 months and 24 months. Unadjusted and adjusted ratios of expenditure were estimated using marginalized two‐part log‐skew‐normal models. Such models accommodate highly skewed data and estimate effects of covariates on the overall marginal mean while accounting for the probability of incurring expenses.ResultsBaseline response was 39%; of these, 40% (n = 438) were retained over the 2‐year period. Only participants providing complete data were included in the analysis (n = 378). Of these, 68.5% were insured, and 70.9% accessed dental services of which nearly all (97.7%) incurred individual dental expenses. The mean dental service expenditure for the total sample (those who did and did not attend) for dental care was AUS$788. Model‐adjusted ratios of mean expenditures were higher for the insured (1.61; 95% CI 1.18, 2.20), females (1.38; 95% CI 1.06, 1.81), major city residents (1.43; 95% CI 1.10, 1.84) and those who brushed their teeth twice or more a day (1.50; 95% CI 1.15, 1.96) than their respective counterparts.ConclusionAccounting for the probability of incurring dental expenses, and other explanatory factors, insured working‐aged adults had (on average) approximately 60% higher individual dental service expenditures than uninsured adults. The analytical approach adopted in this study is useful for estimating effects on dental expenditure when a variable is associated with both the probability of visiting for care, and with the types of services received.
T cell receptor repertoires after adoptive transfer of expanded allogeneic regulatory T cells
Authors: Theil A , Wilhelm C , Kuhn M , Petzold A , Tuve S , Oelschlägel U , Dahl A , Bornhäuser M , Bonifacio E , Eugster A 
Published: October 2016

Summary
Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy has been exploited in autoimmune disease, solid organ transplantation and in efforts to prevent or treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, our knowledge on the in-vivo persistence of transfused Treg is limited. Whether Treg transfusion leads to notable changes in the overall Treg repertoire or whether longevity of Treg in the periphery is restricted to certain clones is unknown. Here we use T cell receptor alpha chain sequencing (TCR-α-NGS) to monitor changes in the repertoire of Treg upon polyclonal expansion and after subsequent adoptive transfer. We applied TCR-α-NGS to samples from two patients with chronic GVHD who received comparable doses of stem cell donor derived expanded Treg. We found that in-vitro polyclonal expansion led to notable repertoire changes in vitro and that Treg cell therapy altered the peripheral Treg repertoire considerably towards that of the infused cell product, to different degrees, in each patient. Clonal changes in the peripheral blood were transient and correlated well with the clinical parameters. We suggest that T cell clonotype analyses using TCR sequencing should be considered as a means to monitor longevity and fate of adoptively transferred T cells.
A preliminary study of new single polymorphisms in the T helper type 17 pathway for psoriasis in the Korean population
Authors: Kim S Y , Hur M S , Choi B G , Kim M J , Lee Y W , Choe Y B , Ahn K J 
Published: October 2016

Summary
Psoriasis is a polygenic and multi-factorial disease showing ethnic differences in terms of its severity and frequency. Therapies targeting interleukin (IL)−17A, IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) and Janus kinases (JAKs) are in clinical development for the treatment of psoriasis, and their success suggests the essential role of these molecules in psoriasis. To investigate the genetic susceptibility in T helper type 17 (Th17) cell signal transduction pathways for promoting psoriasis, we performed candidate gene and linkage disequilibrium analysis. In 208 patients and 266 normal controls, we analysed 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 12 genes (CAMP, IL17A, IL17F, IL17RA, IL22, JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, STAT3, TLR7, TLR9 and TYK2; abbreviations: CAMP, human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide; STAT-3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TYK2, tyrosine kinase 2). Patients with psoriasis showed a strong association for IL17F rs763780 [odds ratio (OR) = 3·27, P = 0·04], which results in a histidine-to-arginine substitution, and JAK2 rs2274471 (OR = 2·66, P = 0·02). In addition, JAK2 rs7849191 showed a protective pattern, met the significance threshold (OR = 0·77, P = 0·05) and showed a tendency for an inverse association with the frequency of early-onset psoriasis under age 40 years (P = 0·07). In haplotype analysis, JAK1 rs310241A/rs2780889T showed a protective effect (OR = 0·73, P = 0·03) in psoriasis. In conclusion, we report two new psoriasis-susceptibility loci, in IL17F and JAK2, as well as a newly identified late-onset associated protective JAK2 locus and a protective JAK1 haplotype in the Korean population.
Extracting Sharp Features from RGB‐D Images
Authors: Cao Y‐P. , Ju T. , Xu J. , Hu S‐M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSharp edges are important shape features and their extraction has been extensively studied both on point clouds and surfaces. We consider the problem of extracting sharp edges from a sparse set of colour‐and‐depth (RGB‐D) images. The noise‐ridden depth measurements are challenging for existing feature extraction methods that work solely in the geometric domain (e.g. points or meshes). By utilizing both colour and depth information, we propose a novel feature extraction method that produces much cleaner and more coherent feature lines. We make two technical contributions. First, we show that intensity edges can augment the depth map to improve normal estimation and feature localization from a single RGB‐D image. Second, we designed a novel algorithm for consolidating feature points obtained from multiple RGB‐D images. By utilizing normals and ridge/valley types associated with the feature points, our algorithm is effective in suppressing noise without smearing nearby features.
MicroRNA‐203 inhibits tumour growth and metastasis through PDPN
Authors: Wang L. , Mou Y. , Meng D. , Sun Y. , Chen X. , Yang X. , Jia C. , Song X. , Li X. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveMicroRNAs play an important role in regulating hypopharyngeal cancer development. miR‐203 has been previously shown to possess antitumour capabilities in many cancers, but not in hypopharyngeal cancer.DesignUsing human normal and hypopharyngeal cancer specimens, we explored the expression levels of miR‐203 in the two groups and further correlated them with different stages of cancer and lymph node metastasis.Setting and participantsApplying human pharynx FaDu cancer cells and lentiviral transduction technique, we investigated the effects of miR‐203 on cancer cell viability, migration and invasion. Moreover, we studied the novel relationship between miR‐203 and podoplanin (PDPN) in hypopharyngeal cancer.ResultsThe downregulated levels of miR‐203 in human hypopharyngeal cancer tissues were associated with advanced cancer stages and lymph node metastasis. High levels of miR‐203 inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion of hypopharyngeal cancer cells. Further studies suggested miR‐203 directly targeted and inhibited PDPN expression. PDPN silencing suppresses hypopharyngeal cancer cell abilities. In addition, PDPN overexpression was able to reverse miR‐203 inhibitory effects on cell viability, migration and invasion.ConclusionPDPN acts as an oncogene to promote hypopharyngeal cancer cell viability, migration and invasion. miR‐203 directly targets PDPN to suppress its expression, thus exerting inhibitory effects on cancer metastasis.
The influences and outcomes of phonological awareness: a study of MA, PA and auditory processing in pre‐readers with a family risk of dyslexia
Authors: Law Jeremy M , Wouters Jan , Ghesquière Pol 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe direct influence of phonological awareness (PA) on reading outcomes has been widely demonstrated, yet PA may also exert indirect influence on reading outcomes through other cognitive variables such as morphological awareness (MA). However, PA's own development is dependent and influenced by many extraneous variables such as auditory processing, which could ultimately impact reading outcomes. In a group of pre‐reading children with a family risk of dyslexia and low‐risk controls, this study sets out to answer questions surrounding PA's relationship at various grain sizes (syllable, onset/rime and phoneme) with measures of auditory processing (frequency modulation (FM) and an amplitude rise‐time task (RT)) and MA, independent of reading experience. Group analysis revealed significant differences between high‐ and low‐risk children on measures of MA, and PA at all grain sizes, while a trend for lower RT thresholds of high‐risk children was found compared with controls. Correlational analysis demonstrated that MA is related to the composite PA score and syllable awareness. Group differences on MA and PA were re‐examined including PA and MA, respectively, as control variables. Results exposed PA as a relevant component of MA, independent of reading experience.
What It's Like To Have a Cognitive Home
Authors: Duncan Matt 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMany people believe that the mind is an epistemic refuge of sorts. The idea is that when it comes to certain core mental states, one's being in such a state automatically puts one in a position to know that one is in that state. This idea has come under attack in recent years. One particularly influential attack comes from Timothy Williamson (2000), who argues that there is no central core of states or conditions—mental or otherwise—to which we are guaranteed epistemic access. In Williamson's words, we are cognitively homeless. In this paper I will argue that Williamson's argument for the conclusion that we are cognitively homeless fails. Then I will show that there is a class of phenomenal states that constitutes a substantial cognitive refuge. When all is said and done, I will have both defended and shed light on our cognitive home.
Nietzsche, Nature, Nurture
Authors: Ridley Aaron 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNietzsche claims that we are fated to be as we are. He also claims, however, that we can create ourselves. To many commentators these twin commitments have seemed self‐contradictory or paradoxical. The argument of this paper, by contrast, is that, despite appearances, there is no paradox here, nor even a tension between Nietzsche's two claims. Instead, when properly interpreted these claims turn out to be intimately related to one another, so that our fatedness (and our acknowledgement of our fatedness) emerges as integral to our capacity to become self‐creators. The paper also offers, in the course of undermining a false alternative that is deeply entrenched in the philosophical tradition, a reading of Nietzsche's doctrine of amor fati that actually – and perhaps uniquely – makes full sense of section 276 of The Gay Science, the chief source for this aspect of his thought.
Diversity and detections of Phytophthora species from trade and non‐trade environments in Ireland
Authors: O'Hanlon R. , Choiseul J. , Corrigan M. , Catarame T. , Destefanis M. 
Published: October 2016

The genus Phytophthora is one of the genera of organisms that poses the most threat to plant health worldwide. Statutory monitoring for Phytophthora species focuses on the species regulated in the European Union and recommended for regulation by EPPO (Plant Health Directive 2000/29 EC and the EPPO A2 List). This research provides details of the Phytophthora species detected from trade and non‐trade environments in Ireland between 2013 and 2015. The results of statutory surveys for the regulated species Phytophthora ramorum, Phytophthora kernoviae and Phytophthora lateralis from 2003 to 2015 are also presented. Testing of more than 11 000 samples was carried out using morphological and/or DNA identification with specifically designed Phytophthora conserved primers. This led to the detection of 19 species and 3 informally designated taxa of Phytophthora, including 8 new records for Ireland. Eight species were found in both trade and non‐trade locations, and three informally designated taxa were also detected. Phytophthora ramorum was found on the most hosts (30 hosts), followed by Phytophthora syringae (6 hosts) and Phytophthora kernoviae (3 hosts). Rhododendron was the host on which Phytophthora species were most frequently detected (12 Phytophthora species). The role of the plant trade in spreading invasive Phytophthora species is discussed.
Ramex‐Forum: a tool for displaying and analysing complex sequential patterns of financial products
Authors: Tiple Pedro , Cavique Luis , Cavalheiro Marques Nuno 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFinancial data provides a valuable up‐to‐date knowledge of the world economy. However, it is presented in extremely large data volumes, in diverse formats, and is constantly being updated at a high speed. The Ramex‐Forum algorithm is oriented to guide financial experts in finding new and relevant information. We present a sensitivity analysis and new visualizations using an improved version of the Ramex‐Forum algorithm. The proposed algorithm is applied to two case studies – the petroleum production chain and the European financial institutions risk analysis. Different combinations of parameters and new ways to visualize data are used. Results highlight the importance of Ramex‐Forum for analysing relevant relationships in price variations in financial markets.
Longitudinal Effects of Latino Parent Cultural Stress, Depressive Symptoms, and Family Functioning on Youth Emotional Well‐Being and Health Risk Behaviors
Authors: Lorenzo‐Blanco Elma I. , Meca Alan , Unger Jennifer B. , Romero Andrea , Szapocznik José , Piña‐Watson Brandy , Cano Miguel Ángel , Zamboanga Byron L. , Baezconde‐Garbanati Lourdes , Des Rosiers Sabrina E. , Soto Daniel W. , Villamar Juan A. , Lizzi Karina M. , Pattarroyo Monica , Schwartz Seth J. 
Published: October 2016

U.S. Latino parents can face cultural stressors in the form of acculturative stress, perceived discrimination, and a negative context of reception. It stands to reason that these cultural stressors may negatively impact Latino youth's emotional well‐being and health risk behaviors by increasing parents' depressive symptoms and compromising the overall functioning of the family. To test this possibility, we analyzed data from a six‐wave longitudinal study with 302 recently immigrated (<5 years in the United States) Latino parents (74% mothers, Mage = 41.09 years) and their adolescent children (47% female, Mage = 14.51 years). Results of a cross‐lagged analysis indicated that parent cultural stress predicted greater parent depressive symptoms (and not vice versa). Both parent cultural stress and depressive symptoms, in turn, predicted lower parent‐reported family functioning, which mediated the links from parent cultural stress and depressive symptoms to youth alcohol and cigarette use. Parent cultural stress also predicted lower youth‐reported family functioning, which mediated the link from parent cultural stress to youth self‐esteem. Finally, mediation analyses indicated that parent cultural stress predicted youth alcohol use by a way of parent depressive symptoms and parent‐reported family functioning. Our findings point to parent depressive symptoms and family functioning as key mediators in the links from parent cultural stress to youth emotional well‐being and health risk behaviors. We discuss implications for research and preventive interventions.
Hyperprolactinemia in end‐stage renal disease and effects of frequent hemodialysis
Authors: Lo Joan C. , Beck Gerald J. , Kaysen George A. , Chan Christopher T. , Kliger Alan S. , Rocco Michael V. , Chertow Glenn M. ,   for the FHN Study
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroduction: End‐stage renal disease is associated with elevations in circulating prolactin concentrations, but the association of prolactin concentrations with intermediate health outcomes and the effects of hemodialysis frequency on changes in serum prolactin have not been examined.Methods: The FHN Daily and Nocturnal Dialysis Trials compared the effects of conventional thrice weekly hemodialysis with in‐center daily hemodialysis (6 days/week) and nocturnal home hemodialysis (6 nights/week) over 12 months and obtained measures of health‐related quality of life, self‐reported physical function, mental health and cognition. Serum prolactin concentrations were measured at baseline and 12‐month follow‐up in 70% of the FHN Trial cohort to examine the associations among serum prolactin concentrations and physical, mental and cognitive function and the effects of hemodialysis frequency on serum prolactin.Findings: Among 177 Daily Trial and 60 Nocturnal Trial participants with baseline serum prolactin measurements, the median serum prolactin concentration was 65 ng/mL (25th–75th percentile 48–195 ng/mL) and 81% had serum prolactin concentrations >30 ng/mL. While serum prolactin was associated with sex (higher in women), we observed no association between baseline serum prolactin and age, dialysis vintage, and baseline measures of physical, mental and cognitive function. Furthermore, there was no significant effect of hemodialysis frequency on serum prolactin in either of the two trials.Discussion: Serum prolactin concentrations were elevated in the large majority of patients with ESRD, but were not associated with several measures of health status. Circulating prolactin levels also do not appear to decrease in response to more frequent hemodialysis over a one‐year period.
Amitriptyline Dose and Treatment Outcomes in Specialty Headache Practice: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Doyle Strauss Lauren , Weizenbaum Emma , Loder Elizabeth W. , Rizzoli Paul B. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo characterize treatment patterns and real world outcomes in headache patients treated with amitriptyline in an academic headache center.Design and methodsA retrospective chart review identified 178 patients in our center who were given a new prescription for amitriptyline in treatment of headache, and who were seen in follow‐up within one year. Charts were reviewed to identify dosing patterns (initial and maximum dose) and persistence, patient‐reported headache benefit, and reported side effects. Variables assessed in relation to medication use were comorbid psychiatric disease, headache characteristics, and prior use of a preventive medication.ResultsWe followed patients for an average of 6.5 months. Initial and maximum prescribed amitriptyline doses were characterized as: “very low” (≤10 mg daily), “low” (11–25 mg daily), and “traditional” (≥25 mg daily). The initial dose of amitriptyline ranged from 2.5 to 50 mg daily, though most patients were started on a dose of 10 mg daily (112/178, 63%). Approximately 3/4 of the patients were found to have improvement (134/178) and 85% (129/151) were still taking amitriptyline at the last follow‐up appointment. Maximum dosing ranged from 2.5 to 100 mg daily with most patients taking 10–25 mg (86/146, 58%). The most commonly reported adverse effect was daytime fatigue (17/151, 11%). There did not appear to be any effect from gender, ethnicity, race, diagnosis of sleep apnea, chronicity of migraine, presence of aura on our outcome measures.ConclusionOur study supports the common clinical practice of using low doses of amitriptyline to treat chronic headache disorders and suggests that it was effective and well tolerated at doses lower than those used in many clinical trials. Use of low dosage amitriptyline may also improve medication persistence, an important clinical consideration in the management of this common and chronic condition. A subgroup of patients may experience a dramatic benefit from amitriptyline and this could warrant further investigation.
The Dynamics of Service User Participation and Compliance in Community Justice Settings
Authors: UGWUDIKE PAMELA 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article draws on insights from within and beyond the parameters of criminal justice research, and from key models of community justice supervision, to illuminate the dynamics of service user participation and compliance in community justice settings. In doing so, the article provides a multifaceted analysis of how service user participation in setting the goals of supervision intersects with factors that could engender compliance. It identifies these factors as: service user agency; positive self‐identity; empowerment; self‐efficacy; and responsive services. Several complexities vitiate service user participation. The article proposes the co‐production of compliance as an antidote that can neutralise the complexities.