bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the effectiveness of isolation‐based anomaly detection in cloud data centers
Authors: Calheiros Rodrigo N. , Ramamohanarao Kotagiri , Buyya Rajkumar , Leckie Christopher , Versteeg Steve 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe high volume of monitoring information generated by large‐scale cloud infrastructures poses a challenge to the capacity of cloud providers in detecting anomalies in the infrastructure. Traditional anomaly detection methods are resource‐intensive and computationally complex for training and/or detection, what is undesirable in very dynamic and large‐scale environment such as clouds. Isolation‐based methods have the advantage of low complexity for training and detection and are optimized for detecting failures. In this work, we explore the feasibility of Isolation Forest, an isolation‐based anomaly detection method, to detect anomalies in large‐scale cloud data centers. We propose a method to code time‐series information as extra attributes that enable temporal anomaly detection and establish its feasibility to adapt to seasonality and trends in the time‐series and to be applied online and in real‐time.
Purification Toxoplasma gondii Tissue Cysts Using Percoll Gradients
Authors: Watts Elizabeth A. , Dhara Animesh , Sinai Anthony P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is capable of infecting all warm‐blooded animals and humans. Infectious, transmissible forms of the parasite include oocysts produced by the sexual cycle within the definitive feline host and tissue cysts that form Toxoplasma in the central nervous system and muscle during the asexual cycle within all chronically infected warm‐blooded hosts. These tissue cysts are populated with slow‐growing bradyzoites, which until recently have been thought to be dormant entities in the context of immune sufficiency. Reactivation to active growth during immune suppression is of critical clinical importance. However, little is known about tissue cysts or the bradyzoites they house, as the diversity of tissue cysts cannot be replicated in cell culture systems. This protocol for optimization of tissue cyst purification from the brains of infected mice using Percoll gradients provides an efficient means to recover in vivo–derived tissue cysts that can be applied to imaging, cell biological, biochemical, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation, Culture and Cryopreservation of Sarcocystis species
Authors: Verma S. K. , Lindsay D. S. , Grigg M. E. , Dubey J. P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMore than 200 valid Sarcocystis species have been described in the parasitological literature. The developmental life cycle in the intermediate host and definitive host has only been described for a few species. Sarcocystis parasites are common pathogens infecting a wide range of animals, including humans, and this unit reviews the methods used for isolating infective stages of the parasite from both definitive and intermediate host(s), as well as methods used to initiate cultures from sporocysts and merozoites and for cryopreservation of various Sarcocystis spp. These methods are based on published reports and our experience with Sarcocystis species in cell culture over many years. The information presented is suitable for the efficient culture of many Sarcocystis species; however, some minor modifications may be needed based on the unique developmental patterns of some species. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Rhesus Macaque iPSC Generation and Maintenance
Authors: Yada Ravi Chandra , Hong So Gun , Lin Yongshun , Winkler Thomas , Dunbar Cynthia E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is physiologically and phylogenetically similar to humans, and therefore represents an invaluable model for the pre‐clinical assessment of the safety and feasibility of iPSC‐derived cell therapies. The use of an excisable polycistronic lentiviral STEMCCA vector to reprogram rhesus fibroblasts or bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into RhiPSCs is described. After reprogramming, the pluripotency transgenes can be removed by transient expression of Cre, leaving a residual genetic tag that may be useful for identification of RhiPSC‐derived tissues in vivo. Finally, the steps to maintain pluripotency during passaging of RhiPSCs, required for successful utilization of RhiPSCs, is described. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Angiogenesis within Stem Cell–Seeded Silk Scaffolds Cultured on the Chorioallantoic Membrane and Visualized by 3D Imaging
Authors: Woloszyk Anna , Mitsiadis Thimios A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe long‐term survival and successful integration of implants for tissue replacement and regeneration highly depends upon the fast ingrowth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissues. Before selecting potential biomaterials for clinical applications, they must be thoroughly tested with proper analytical tools. This unit provides a protocol for studying the potential of cell‐seeded scaffolds to attract vessels that will form vascular networks within biomaterials. It includes seeding of stem cells into silk fibroin scaffolds, angiogenesis assay on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken eggs, a procedure for perfusion with MicroFil, and finally microcomputed tomography (µCT) scanning. This technique can help screen potential biomaterial implants, thereby reducing the amount of animals needed for pre‐clinical in vivo studies. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tetracycline‐Inducible and Reversible Stable Gene Expression in Human iPSC‐Derived Neural Progenitors and in the Postnatal Mouse Brain
Authors: Akhtar Aslam Abbasi , Breunig Joshua J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe pB‐tet‐GOI plasmid system allows for stable piggyBac transposition‐mediated integration into cells, a fluorescent nuclear reporter to identify cells that have been transfected, and robust transgene activation or suppression upon the addition of dox to the cell culture or diet of the animal. Furthermore, the addition of luciferase downstream of the target gene allows for quantitative assessment of gene activity in a non‐invasive manner. The protocols herein provide instructions for the use of this system in cell lines and in the neonatal mouse brain. Specifically, a detailed protocol is provided to illustrate: (1) cloning of the respective GOI (genetic element(s) of interest); (2) nucleofection of the plasmid system into human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived neural progenitors; (3) dox‐induced activation in vitro or in vivo; and (4) non‐invasive assessment of gene activity in vivo by bioluminescence imaging. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel error correction and encryption algorithm combined fountain code and AES
Authors: Lin Wenliang , Deng Zhongliang 
Published: May 2017

SummarySatellite broadcast communications make demand on reliable and secure data transmissions. Aiming at balancing data disorder and correlation from encryption and errors correction, this paper proposes a novel error correction and encryption algorithm combined fountain code and advanced encrypt standard (FC‐AES), which constructs a 3‐layer cascade framework for cryptosystem to harmonize the coding payloads of services, products, and users. Furtherly, distributed degree would be compensated with round key, which provides with entire security controls. Information degree is designed to limit data overhead and disorder. Sparsely coding control for product degree is developed to prevent decoding error avalanche. We also provide a suitable decryption scheme for FC‐AES. The simulations show the new algorithm enhances the performance of data‐recovery failure probability by 29.56% and average error symbol rate by 13.09%.
Golga5 is dispensable for mouse embryonic development and postnatal survival
Authors: McGee Lynessa J. , Jiang Alex L. , Lan Yu 
Published: May 2017

SummaryGolgins are a family of coiled‐coil proteins located at the cytoplasmic surface of the Golgi apparatus and have been implicated in maintaining Golgi structural integrity through acting as tethering factors for retrograde vesicle transport. Whereas knockdown of several individual golgins in cultured cells caused Golgi fragmentation and disruption of vesicle trafficking, analysis of mutant mouse models lacking individual golgins have discovered tissue‐specific developmental functions. Recently, homozygous loss of function of GOLGA2, of which previous in vitro studies suggested an essential role in maintenance of Golgi structure and in mitosis, has been associated with a neuromuscular disorder in human patients, which highlights the need for understanding the developmental roles of the golgins in vivo. We report here generation of Golga5‐deficient mice using CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing. Although knockdown studies in cultured cells have implicated Golga5 in maintenance of Golgi organization, we show that Golga5 is not required for mouse embryonic development, postnatal survival, or fertility. Moreover, whereas Golga5 is structurally closely related to Golgb1, we show that inactivation of Golga5 does not enhance the severity of developmental defects in Golgb1‐deficient mice. The Golga5‐deficient mice enable further investigation of the roles and functional specificity of golgins in development and diseases.
IL‐1β inhibits osteogenesis of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells by activating FoxD3/microRNA‐496 to repress wnt signaling
Authors: Huang Jian , Chen Liang 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIL‐1β, a major cytokine of proinflammatory response, has been implicated in bone loss. However, its effects on mesenchymal progenitor cells‐associated bone regeneration remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of microRNA for the regulation of osteogenesis by IL‐1β in human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSC). Our data suggested Homo sapiens (hsa)‐miR‐496 is induced by IL‐1β in hBMMSC and mediates the decreased β‐catenin expression. Reporter assays using the 3′‐UTR of β‐catenin demonstrated sequence‐dependent gene suppression with hsa‐miR‐496. IL‐1β activated hsa‐miR‐496 expression through a transcription factor, Foxhead box D3 protein (FoxD3). The activation of hsa‐miR‐496 promoter in hBMMSC depended on a consensus FoxD3 binding motif. Under osteogenic differentiation, IL‐1β treatment or overexpressing hsa‐miR‐496 attenuated bone mineralization and bone marker gene expressions in hBMMSC. Further, anti‐miR‐496 rescued the inhibitory effects of IL‐1β. Our findings suggest a pivotal role of hsa‐miR‐496 in linking inflammation to impaired bone regeneration, and provide a rationale for using appropriate hsa‐miR‐496 inhibitors in the treatment of inflammation‐associated bone loss.
Drought‐associated phenological changes of coastal marshes in Louisiana
Authors: Mo Yu , Kearney Michael , Momen Bahram 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDrought poses serious threats to the valuable coastal marsh ecosystems, especially considering that the frequency, intensity, and acuteness of drought may increase with prospective climate change. We study the drought‐associated phenological changes of Louisiana coastal marshes through combining remote sensing‐derived phenological record (i.e., Landsat‐derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, or NDVI) and field‐based environmental data during the past 30 yr. We find that drought condition in southeast Louisiana is characterized by decreased discharge of the Mississippi River and reduced precipitation, which correlate with the continental weather patterns over the conterminous United States influenced by La Niña. The peak NDVI day of saline marshes delays for two months (P < 0.01), from mid‐July to mid‐September, and their growth duration consequently shortens for two months (P < 0.01) in drought years. Such phenological changes might result from the inhibition of the growth of Spartina alterniflora, a dominant species in saline marshes whose biomass peaks earlier than the coexisting species, perhaps due to reduced freshwater input and increased water deficit. Drought might also cause Spartina dieback via similar mechanisms. Our results underline the correlation between drought in southeast Louisiana and La Niña and highlight the sensitivity of saline marshes to drought, thereby providing valuable information for coastal marsh management and conservation facing climate change.
Generalized and specific components of prejudice: The decomposition of intergroup context effects
Authors: Meeusen Cecil , Barlow Fiona Kate , Sibley Chris G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlthough different types of prejudice tend to be highly correlated, target‐specific and more generalized components can nevertheless be distinguished. Here, we analyze whether indicators of the intergroup context—threat, contact, and neighborhood composition—predict the target‐specific and/or generalized components of prejudice. Using data from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study (N = 4629), we build a multilevel model that captures the relationship between social dominance orientation, general levels of neighborhood heterogeneity, symbolic and realistic threat and cross‐group friendship (averaged across target groups), and generalized prejudice. Our model simultaneously estimates the relationship between target‐specific levels of these intergroup context indicators and target‐specific prejudice. Results indicated that social dominance orientation remained the strongest predictor of generalized prejudice when adjusting for other variables and that indicators of the intergroup context primarily explain differences between target group ratings. Aggregate levels of cross‐group friendship also had a small effect on generalized prejudice.
Purification of recombinant Aβ(1‐42) and pGlu‐Aβ(3‐42) using preparative SDS‐PAGE
Authors: Spahn Claudia , Wermann Michael , Eichentopf Rico , Hause Gerd , Schlenzig Dagmar , Schilling Stephan 
Published: May 2017

Recombinant expression and purification of amyloid peptides represents a common basis for investigating the molecular mechanisms of amyloid formation and toxicity. However, the isolation of the recombinant peptides is hampered by inefficient separation from contaminants such as the fusion protein required for efficient expression in E. coli. Here, we present a new approach for the isolation of highly purified Aβ(1‐42) and pGlu‐Aβ(3‐42), which is based on a separation using preparative SDS‐PAGE. The method relies on the purification of the Aβ fusion protein by affinity chromatography followed by preparative SDS‐PAGE under reducing conditions and subsequent removal of detergents by precipitation. The application of preparative SDS‐PAGE represents the key step to isolate highly pure recombinant Aβ, which has been applied for characterization of aggregation and toxicity. Thereby, the yield of the purification strategy was >60%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of an electrophoresis‐based method for purification of a recombinant Aβ peptide. Therefore, the method might be of interest for isolation of other amyloid peptides, which are critical for conventional purification strategies due to their aggregation propensity.
Designing an experimental rig for developing a fire severity model using numerical simulation
Authors: Moinuddin Khalid A. M. , Nguyen Trong Dac , Mahmud H. M. Iqbal 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIn this study, an experimental rig representing a deep enclosure was designed to be used to validate a CFD‐based fire model in predicting the outcome. The model then can be used for further study to investigate physical phenomenon within a deep enclosure and to develop an engineering fire severity (heat release rate, HRR, vs time vs position [1]) model. Two empirical models (the VU model [1] and Kawagoe model [2]) were used along with Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) in designing the experimental rig. For a specific‐sized enclosure, when the HRR was prescribed to the FDS as input from the VU model, it was accurately reproduced, while the HRR from the Kawagoe was used as the input, the FDS calculated much lower value. The experimental rig of that specific size was then built, and various parameters were measured from the tests with liquid fuel fire within this experimental rig. The measured HRR was prescribed into the FDS, and the FDS could reproduce HRR values well. However, the predicted temperature and radiation flux was not as good, especially when the flames were near the opening. This may be due to the tendency of flames over‐projecting outside the opening in FDS simulations.
Curing kinetics of a novolac resin modified with oxidized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Morales Arias J. P. , Agaliotis E. M. , Escobar M. M. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe influence of oxidized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (o‐MWCNTs) on the curing kinetics of a novolac resin was studied by means of non‐isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. Regarding the kinetics issues, the high concentration of hydroxyl groups on the o‐MWCNTs slightly modified the curing reaction of the novolac resin, shifting the differential scanning calorimetry exothermic peak to higher temperatures. The effective activation energy of the curing reaction was calculated by the isoconversional Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose method and increased by the presence of o‐MWCNTs with respect to neat novolac. This change was attributed to the increase of the material viscosity. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis revealed that nanocomposites samples containing 0.4 and 1.0 wt% o‐MWCNTs presented increased char yield values, indicating an improvement of flame retardancy.
Fermentation induced changes in volatile components of African oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth) seeds
Authors: Ohiri Reginald C. , Bassey Essien E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFermented African oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth) seed also referred to as “Ugba” is a known delicacy, mainly consumed by Africans. Human migration has also led to the introduction of this delicacy into most European and American countries. This study shows the changes in volatile components of African oil bean (P. macrophylla Benth) seed at different stages of fermentation. A quantity of 0.3 kg each of dehulled and sliced raw sample and cooked unfermented sample were separately ground, while 2 and 4 days fermented samples obtained by inoculating 0.6 kg of cooked, sliced and washed sample with 0.5 g of 4 days fermented seed was divided into two of 0.3 kg each and ground at the second and fourth day of fermentation. GC‐MS analyses of the volatile components showed 9,12‐Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)‐ and its esters as highest in raw seed, with total percentage concentration of 96.301, while 9‐Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)‐ was highest in cooked unfermented seed, with percentage concentration 55.204. Phenol, 2‐methoxy‐3‐(2‐propenyl)‐ and its esters were the highest observed in cooked 2 days fermented seed, with total percentage concentration of 50.596, while 9‐Octadecenoic acid (Z)‐, methyl ester was highest in cooked 4 days fermented seed with percentage concentration of 67.788. Aside from softening the delicacy, a 4 days chance fermentation of cooked P. macrophylla Benth seed also reduces the eight component lipids present in the cooked unfermented seed to a more nutriceutical three component lipids (Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9‐Octadecenoic acid (Z)‐methyl ester and Methyl stearate).
Coral reefs near the Eocene–Oligocene boundary in the northern Transylvanian Basin, Romania: Composition and paleoenvironmental interpretation
Authors: Król Jan J. , Kołodziej Bogusław , Bucur Ioan I. 
Published: May 2017

Eocene–Oligocene reefs have been reported in Europe largely from the circum‐Mediterranean region. In this paper, small coral reefs from the northwestern Transylvanian Basin (Romania) are described for the first time. They developed near the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, most probably during the Priabonian, and belong to northernmost outposts of the reef belt developed during this time in Europe. The studied sedimentary successions in Letca and Băbeni–Cuciulat (Sălaj County), up to 55 m thick, belong to the Cozla Formation. The reefs occur within a shallow‐water succession composed mostly of bedded limestones, dominated by bioclastic (coralline) packstones. Low‐relief (constratal) reefs, locally up to 10–15 m in thickness, are spaced cluster (matrix‐supported) reefs. Scleractinian corals are common but poorly diversified (10 species and 8 genera). Branching ramose colonies, branching low‐integrated phaceloid, and sheet‐like (foliaceous) corals dominate. Neither lateral zonation nor vertical succession of reefs was recognized. Corals co‐occur with encrusting and geniculate red algae, but they are of subordinate significance for a nonrigid reef framework. Branching corals baffled or trapped suspended carbonate mud that contributed to the reef growth and ongoing development of topographic relief. Associated fossils are of low to moderate diversity. A relatively low‐energy environment, moderate to high sedimentation rate, and increased turbidity are inferred from carbonate muddy and fine‐grained matrix, dominance of sediment‐resistant corals, their morphology, common occurrence in growth position, as well as low to moderate degree of bioerosion and encrustation. Transylvanian reefs in terms of poor coral diversity, matrix‐supported texture, and turbid‐water sedimentary setting show similarities with many coeval reefs from the circum‐Tethyan area.
Recognition of a Devonian‐early Mississippian plutonic belt in the eastern Beishan area, Northwest China, and its tectonic implications
Authors: Zhang Wen , Pease Victoria , Meng Qingpeng , Zheng Rongguo , Wu Tairan 
Published: May 2017

The Beishan area, located in the southernmost part of the Central Asia Orogenic Belt, is crucial for understanding the tectonic evolution associated with the closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean. One intermediate and two granitic plutons from the eastern Beishan area between Mingshui–Shibanjing–Xiaohuangshan (MSX) and Niujuanzi–Xichangjing (NX) ophiolitic belts, including Tongchangkou gabbroic diorite, Northern Tongchangkou and Sandaomingshui plutons, are dated at 426 ± 3, 408 ± 2, and 365 ± 2 Ma by SIMS U–Pb zircon analyses. The Middle Silurian Tongchangkou gabbroic diorites with medium‐K calc‐alkaline metaluminous characteristics represent volcanic arc rocks. The Early Devonian Northern Tongchangkou pluton, a highly evolved calc‐alkaline mylonitic monzogranite with low εNd(t), −3.5 and −2.4, and relatively low initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.707095 and 0.707249), was mainly derived from Mesoproterozoic mafic to intermediate igneous protolith and shows both volcanic arc and postcollisional characteristics. The Late Devonian Sandaomingshui pluton, a calc‐alkaline granite with slightly positive εNd(t), 0.6 and 0.9, and low (87Sr/86Sr)t, 0.705543 and 0.705851, is likely from a more depleted source and represents a volcanic arc granite. Combined with previous studies of Late Paleozoic granites, we find that the widely distributed Permian granites in Central Asia Orogenic Belt are absent between MSX and NX ophiolitic belts. Given the regional geology, we conclude that the back‐arc basin represented by the NX ophiolitic belt closed during Early Devonian and afterward, flat subduction of the oceanic basin represented by the MSX ophiolitic belt occurred. It also indicates that the oceanic crust was still being produced in the Paleo‐Asian Ocean during the early Carboniferous.