bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographics, insulin use and clinical targets in type 2 diabetes insulin users: comparison of a local integrated diabetes service vs a UK‐wide cohort
Authors: Anyanwagu Uchenna , Owen Karissa , Mamza Jil , Sugunendran Suma , Stone Lisa , Langeland Lin , Idris Iskandar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInsulin‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes require specialist multidisciplinary input to achieve treatment targets. We compared the demographics, achievement of combined NICE targets for HbA1c (≤7.5%), blood pressure (<140/80mmHg) and total cholesterol (<4mmol/L), and insulin use between patients from a local integrated diabetes service with those from a representative UK population.A cross‐sectional evaluation of individual patient data from six randomly‐selected primary care practices in Erewash (Integrated) Diabetes Service was compared with The Health Improvement Network (THIN) UK primary care database.Baseline age (61.5 years vs 65.8 years; p < 0.0001) and duration of insulin use (4.3 vs 6.3 years; p < 0.0001) use were lower in the THIN cohort. Mean HbA1c was similar between the two cohorts but weight, blood pressure, total and LDL cholesterol were significantly lower in the Erewash population compared with THIN. The combined achievement of HbA1c, total cholesterol and blood pressure was 17.5% in the Erewash cohort compared with 9.6% in the THIN cohort (p < 0.0001). There was a higher proportion of insulin users on basal‐bolus than on premix in the Erewash cohort (89.3% vs 10.7%) compared with THIN (59.0% vs 41.1%). The proportion of patients who received concurrent oral glucose‐lowering therapies in the Erewash integrated service was lower, except for SGLT2 inhibitors (2.5% in the Erewash cohort vs 0.5% in THIN; p < 0.0001).This model of an integrated diabetes service appears to confer better achievement for the NICE defined clinical targets compared with the THIN cohort. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of this service model on health economics, patient pathway and patient experience. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons.
The impact of dapagliflozin on HbA1c, systolic blood pressure and weight: a review of dapagliflozin use in a Scottish city
Authors: Kueh Christopher JL , Connelly Paul , Harte Rachael , Smith Christopher , Boyle James G 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe aimed to determine the efficacy of dapagliflozin in the management of type 2 diabetes in a Scottish population through measurements of glycaemic control, blood pressure and weight.Dapagliflozin was effective in improving HbA1c by 10 mmol/mol (SE 1.8, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure by 9.8mmHg (SE 2.2, p < 0.001) and weight by 3.2 kg (SE 0.6, p < 0.001). There was a significant proportion of people with diabetes who reported side effects with dapagliflozin relating to genital and urinary tract infections.Dapagliflozin appears to be an effective drug in improving HbA1c, systolic blood pressure and weight in people with type 2 diabetes. However, in this cohort a substantial proportion of people with diabetes did not tolerate this drug due to side effects. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons.
Revisit of a rare complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus: Mauriac syndrome
Authors: Thakkar Umang G , Vanikar Aruna V , Trivedi Hargovind L 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMauriac syndrome is an uncommon complication of poorly‐controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) reported in children 13–17 years of age. It manifests as delayed growth, hepatomegaly, elevated liver enzymes and serum lipids, and glycogen accumulation in hepatocytes. Common presenting features include short stature, growth retardation, moon facies, protuberant abdomen and proximal muscle wasting. Since the advent of long‐ and intermediate‐acting insulin, this syndrome is now rarely encountered.We report the case of a 16‐year‐old male who had a 13‐year history of T1DM and was diagnosed with Mauriac syndrome. He was treated with biphasic isophane insulin and recovered – good glycaemic control was maintained, his height increased from 128cm to 141.5cm, hepatomegaly disappeared with normal liver enzymes, and the onset of pubertal spurt at eight months' follow up was shown.In conclusion, ensuring compliance with insulin therapy, and providing supportive treatment, nutritional support and good follow‐up care can help to mitigate most of the complications relating to Mauriac syndrome. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons.
A fully coupled thermo‐viscoelastic finite element model for self‐folding shape memory polymer sheets
Authors: Mailen Russell W. , Dickey Michael D. , Genzer Jan , Zikry Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe thermo‐mechanical response of heat activated shape memory polymers (SMPs) has been investigated using a thermo‐viscoelastic finite element analysis that accounts for external and internal heat sources. SMPs can be thermally stimulated by external heat sources, such as temperature and surface heat flux, or from internal viscous heating. Viscous heating can significantly affect the response of SMP sheets by increasing the temperature during pre‐strain, which accelerates stress relaxation. This stress relaxation results in a slower shrinking rate when the SMP is reheated. Viscous heating also causes an increase in temperatures during unconstrained recovery. The predicted results elucidate how the coupled thermo‐mechanical loading conditions affect folding and unfolding of SMP sheets in response to localized heating in a hinged region. A parametric study of sheet thickness, hinge width, degree of pre‐strain, and hinge surface temperature is also conducted. The validated results can provide guidelines for the design of functional, self‐folding structures. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1207–1219
Investigation of MoOx/n‐Si strong inversion layer interfaces via dopant‐free heterocontact
Authors: Sun Teng , Wang Rongbin , Liu Ruiyuan , Wu Chen , Zhong Yanan , Liu Yuqiang , Wang Yusheng , Han Yujie , Xia Zhouhui , Zou Yatao , Song Tao , Koch Norbert , Duhm Steffen , Sun Baoquan 
Published: May 2017

Transition metal oxides (TMOs)/silicon (Si) heterocontact solar cells are currently under intensive investigation due to their simple fabrication process and less parasitic light absorption compared to traditional heterocontact counterparts. Effective segregation of carriers which is related to carrier‐selective heterocontact is crucial for the performance of photovoltaic devices. Molybdenum oxide (MoOx, x ≤ 3), with a wide bandgap of ∼3.24 eV as well as defect bands derived from oxygen vacancies located inside the band gap, has been introduced to integrate with n‐type Si (n‐Si) as hole selective contact. Here, we utilize a stepwise in situ deposition of MoOx to investigate its interaction with Si by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements. A strong inversion layer originating from a charge transfer process is demonstrated in the n‐Si surface region upon MoOx contact characterized by XPS, UPS, capacitance–voltage (C–V), and minority charge carrier lifetime mapping measurements.A dopant‐free heterocontact is built within n‐Si with a high built‐in potential (Vbi) of ∼0.80 V which benefits for acquiring a high open circuit voltage (Voc). These results give a detailed interpretation on the carrier transport mechanism of MoOx/n‐Si heterocontact and also pave a new route toward fabricating high efficiency, low‐cost solar cells.
The nested k‐means method: A new approach for detecting lost persons in aerial images acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Niedzielski Tomasz , Jurecka Mirosława , Stec Magdalena , Wieczorek Małgorzata , Miziński Bartłomiej 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new method, named as the nested k‐means, for detecting a person captured in aerial images acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), is presented. The nested k‐means method is used in a newly built system that supports search and rescue (SAR) activities through processing of aerial photographs taken in visible light spectra (red‐green‐blue channels, RGB). First, the k‐means classification is utilized to identify clusters of colors in a three‐dimensional space (RGB). Second, the k‐means method is used to verify if the automatically selected class of colors is concurrently spatially clustered in a two‐dimensional space (easting‐northing, EN), and has human‐size area. The UAV images were acquired during the field campaign carried out in the Izerskie Mountains (SW Poland). The experiment aimed to observe several persons using an RGB camera, in spring and winter, during various periods of day, in uncovered terrain and sparse forest. It was found that the nested k‐means method has a considerable potential for detecting a person lost in the wilderness and allows to reduce area to be searched to 4.4 and 7.3% in spring and winter, respectively. In winter, land cover influences the performance of the nested k‐means method, with better skills in sparse forest than in the uncovered terrain. In spring, such a relationship does not hold. The nested k‐means method may provide the SAR teams with a tool for near real‐time detection of a person and, as a consequence, to reduce search area to approximately 0.5–7.3% of total terrain to be visited, depending on season and land cover.
Attenuation of Coda Waves in the Nubra-Siachen Region, Himalaya, India
Authors: Parshad Rajinder , Snehmani  , Kumar Parveen , Srivastva P. K. , Ganju A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
The attenuation properties have been estimated in the Nubra-Siachen region situated in the highly mountainous region of Himalayan belt. Coda wave quality factor (Qc) has been determined for this virgin region by using the single backscattering method. A total of thirty earthquakes recorded in this region, which fall in the epicentral distance range of 3 to 115km have been used for the present work. A 30 sec window length of coda waves at different central frequencies 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0, 18.0 and 24.0 Hz have been studied to determine Qc at different recording stations. The frequency dependent coda wave quality factor relationships of the form Qc(f) = Qof n, have been computed at each recording stations separately: BASE: Qc(f) = (137 ± 4.2) f (0.99 ± 0.12), CHALUNKA: Qc(f) = (116±3.8)f (1.0±0.05), PARTA: Qc(f) = (122±3.0)f (1.0±0.02) , and SASOMA: Qc(f) = (111±4.1)f (1.0±0.03). A regional Qc relation has been developed for the Nubra-Siachen region by using the average value of Qc at different frequencies obtained at each recording station of the form Qc(f) = (121±7.2)f (1.0±0.04). The average Qc values vary from 183 at 1.5 Hz to 3684 at 24 Hz central frequencies. The present regional relation developed for Nubra-Siachen region indicates heterogeneous and tectonically active region.
Primary Sedimentary Structures and MISS in Gulcheru Quartzite along SW Part of Cuddapah Basin
Authors: Goswami Sukanta , Mukherjee Atanu , Bhattacharjee Purnajit , Zakaulla Syed 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Sedimentary structures are very useful in paleocurrent analysis and interpretation of siliciclastic shallow marine environment. These interesting sedimentary structures such as parallel bedding, cross bedding, ripples, and mud cracks as well as synaeresis cracks, are best studied in the field. They are formed by a variety of sedimentary processes, including fluid flow, sediment-gravity flow, soft-sediment deformation and biogenic activity. Gulcheru Formation has evidence of interaction of microbial communities with clastic sedimentation during Palaeoproterozoic time. Because of high porosity-permeability of siliciclastics of Gulcheru Formation, palaeontologists do not expect many fossils preserved in such rocks and thus they have been overlooked. Microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) are highlighted in the Gulcheru Formation. They are indicative of shallow marine environment. Gulcheru Formation shows alluvial fan to shallow marine shelf environments within a limited thickness of about ∼ 110m, which indicates an alluvial plain coast where alluvial deposits are modified by wave forces.
Petrography and Geochemistry of Archaean Greywackes from Northern Part of the Dharwar-Shimoga Greenstone Belt, Western Dharwar Craton: Implications for Nature of Provenance
Authors: Ugarkar A. G. , Kumar B. Chandan , Malapur M. A. , Manuvachari T. B. , Kerr A. C. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Greywackes (Dharwar greywackes) are the most abundant rock types in the northern part of the Dharwar-Shimoga greenstone belt of the western Dharwar craton. They are distinctly immature rocks with poorly-sorted angular to sub-angular grains, comprising largely quartz, plagioclase feldspar and lithic fragments of volcanics (mafic+felsic), chert and quartzite, with subordinate biotite, K-feldspar and muscovite. They are characterized by almost uniform silica (59.78-67.96 wt%; av. 62.58), alkali (4.62-7.35 wt%; av. 5.41) contents, SiO2/Al2O3 (3.71-5.25) ratios, and compositionally are comparable to the andesite and dacite. As compared to Ranibennur greywackes, located about 100 km south of Dharwad in the Dharwar-Shimoga greenstone belt, the Dharwar greywackes have higher K2O, CaO, Zr, Y, ΣREE, Th/Sc, Zr/Cr, La/Sc and lower Sr, Cr, Ni, Sc, Cr/Th values. The chondrite normalized patterns of Dharwar greywackes are characterized by moderately fractionated REE patterns with moderate to high LREE enrichment, with almost flat HREE patterns and small negative Eu anomalies, suggesting felsic dominated source rocks in the provenance. The frame work grains comprising felsic and mafic volcanics, feldspars and quartz suggest a mixed source in the provenance. The moderate CIA values ranging between 57 and 73, indicate derivation of detritus from fresh basement rocks and from nearby volcanic sources.The mixing calculations suggest that the average REE pattern is closely matching with a provenance having 40% dacite, 30% granite, 20% basalt and 10% tonalite. These greywackes were deposited in a subduction related fore-arc basin than a continental margin basin. Their La/Sc ratios are high (av. 4.07) compared to the Ranibennur greywackes (1.79), suggesting that the greywackes of the northern part of the basin received detritus from a more evolved continental crust than the greywackes of the central part of the Dharwar-Shimoga basin.
Fracture and Stress Orientation from Borehole Image Logs: A Case Study from Cambay Basin, India
Authors: Chatterjee Rima , Gupta Saurabh Datta , Mandal Partha Pratim 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
The Deccan trap basalt, laid down by multiple lava flows during upper Cretaceous to Paleocene times forms the basement of current study in Cambay basin. As such, there is great interest and value in fracture detection and evaluation of fractured basement reservoirs in the Cambay basin. The procedure for identification and evaluation of natural as well as induced fractures in basaltic basement of the Cambay basin is presented in this work. In this study formation micro-imager (FMI) and extended range micro-imager (XRMI) log data for fracture identification is used. The Deccan trap basaltic basement of the study area, comprising five wells in the Tarapur-Cambay block, has potential for holding commercial hydrocarbon due to the presence of fractures and weathered basement. Both image logs (FMI, XRMI) identify three types of fracture including open (conductive), partially open and closed (resistive) fractures, of which open and partially open fractures are important for hydrocarbon accumulation. Fracture dip ranges from 10° to 80°. Image logs have also identified washout, breakout and drilling-induced fracture zones. The strike direction of the open natural fractures for four wells varies from N60°E to N30°E whereas the strike direction of most natural fracture in the fifth well is oriented towards N20°W. The orientations of drilling-induced fractures and breakouts may be interpreted for the in-situ stress direction over the logged interval. Drilling-induced tensile fractures, identified over the depth interval of 1969–1972 m, and borehole breakouts over the interval of 1953–1955 m in one well, suggest an orientation of maximum in-situ horizontal compressive stress (SH) lies in the north-south direction. The azimuths of open natural fractures in the same well vary from north-south to N30°E. It is expected that the direction of fluid flow will be controlled by open natural fractures and therefore would be in a direction parallel to the SH direction, which is orthogonal to the minimum horizontal stress (Sh) direction. The orientations observed are consistent with the present day SH direction in the study area of Cambay basin.
Assessment of Excavatability, Abrasivity and Slope Stability in a Sandstone Quarry in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Er Selman , Yilmaz Murat , Ertin Altay , Tugrul Atiye , Tokgöz Nuray 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
The Cebeci region is characterized by outcrops of Carboniferous sandstone, including diabase dykes. This region is very important area for aggregate production in Istanbul, Turkey. The aim of this study is to determine the engineering geological properties of sandstones to assess the excavatability, abrasivity and stability of cut slopes in a quarry site. Firstly, the sandstone samples were used to determine their petrographical and mineralogical characteristics. Then, physico-mechanical tests were performed on these samples. In order to determine rock mass properties, scan-line surveys were performed, and the major orientations of discontinuities were analyzed through the stereographic projection technique. Kinematical analyses were also made to determine the potential failures at the quarry site. According to the results obtained, excavatability is changed from easy ripping to hard ripping on sandstones; the carbonated sandstone is less abrasive than other sandstones. Based on the field studies and stability analyses of the cut slopes, optimum slope geometry and necessary support measures, such as wire mesh and rock fall barriers, are suggested.
Longitudinal changes in amyloid positron emission tomography and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging in the nondemented Down syndrome population
Authors: Lao Patrick J. , Handen Ben L. , Betthauser Tobey J. , Mihaila Iulia , Hartley Sigan L. , Cohen Annie D. , Tudorascu Dana L. , Bulova Peter D. , Lopresti Brian J. , Tumuluru Rameshwari V. , Murali Dhanabalan , Mathis Chester A. , Barnhart Todd E. , Stone Charles K. , Price Julie C. , Devenny Darlynne A. , Mailick Marsha R. , Klunk William E. , Johnson Sterling C. , Christian Bradley T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionDown syndrome (DS) arises from a triplication of chromosome 21, causing overproduction of the amyloid precursor protein and predisposes individuals to early Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsFifty‐two nondemented adults with DS underwent two cycles of carbon 11‐labeled Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]PiB) and T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans 3.0 ± 0.6 years apart. Standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) images (50–70 minutes; cerebellar gray matter [GM]) and GM volumes were analyzed in standardized space (Montreal Neurological Institute space).Results85% of PiB(−) subjects remained PiB(−), whereas 15% converted to PiB(+), predominantly in the striatum. None reverted from PiB(+) to PiB(−). Increases in SUVR were distributed globally, but there were no decreases in GM volume. The PiB positivity groups differed in the percent rate of change in SUVR [PiB(−): 0.5%/year, PiB converters: 4.9%/year, and PiB(+): 3.7%/year], but not in GM volume.DiscussionDespite the characteristic striatum‐first pattern, the global rate of amyloid accumulation differs by pre‐existing amyloid burden and precedes atrophy or dementia in the DS population, similar to general AD progression.
Future climate scenarios project a decrease in the risk of fall armyworm outbreaks
Authors: RAMIREZ-CABRAL N. Y. Z. , KUMAR L. , SHABANI F. 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYSpodoptera frugiperda, or the fall armyworm (FAW) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an endemic and important agricultural pest in America. Several outbreaks have occurred with losses estimated at millions of dollars. Insects are affected by climate factors, and climate change may affect geographical range, growth rate, abundance, survival, mortality, number of generations per year and other characteristics. These effects are difficult to project due to the complex interactions among insects, hosts and predators. The aim of the current research is to project the impact of climate change on future suitability for the expansion and final range of FAW as well as highlight the risk of damage due to the pest under current and future conditions. The modelling was carried out using two general circulation models (GCMs), CSIRO Mk3.0 and MIROC-H, for 2050 and 2100 under the A2 Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES), using the known distribution of the species and the CliMond meteorological database. The possible number of generations was estimated to exceed five in the south-eastern USA by 2100. A unique modelling approach linking environmental suitability and number of generations was developed to project the risks of FAW damage. The results show changes in suitability and risk across America, with an increase in the northern hemisphere and decreases or extinction in the southern hemisphere, except for southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and northern Argentina, which indicate high future levels of risk. The current study highlights the possible extinction of a tropical pest in areas near the Equator. The two GCMs both projected increases in the low-risk category of 40% by 2050 and 23% by 2100, with the medium- and high-risk categories decreasing by >50% by 2050 and >39% by 2100, compared with the current risk. In general, agricultural pest management may become more challenging under future climate change and variation, and thus, understanding and quantifying the possible impacts of FAW under future climate conditions is essential for the future economic production of crops.
A case of severe obstructive sleep apnoea in Madelung's disease treated by lateral pharyngoplasty
Authors: Pinto V , Morselli P G , Tassone D , Piccin O 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground:Madelung's disease is a rare disorder characterised by the presence of multiple, symmetric, non-capsulated fat masses in the face, neck and other areas of upper extremities. In some cases, severe clinical complications such as upper airway compression can occur.Case report:A 56-year-old man affected by Madelung's disease complained of snoring and severe daytime sleepiness. Polysomnography revealed severe obstructive sleep apnoea. An attempt to treat sleep apnoea by continuous positive airway pressure failed because of poor compliance. Functional expansion pharyngoplasty was carried out as an initial treatment. Marked improvement of neck movements and normalisation of somnographic parameters were observed at six months’ follow up.Conclusion:Patients with Madelung's disease should be examined carefully for potential obstructive sleep apnoea. Although continuous positive airway pressure remains the treatment of choice, specific surgery can be used in those patients who cannot tolerate continuous positive airway pressure therapy.