bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological, nutritional and alcohol consumption factors underlie cognitive and motor deficits in chronic alcoholism
Authors: Fama Rosemary , Le Berre Anne‐Pascale , Hardcastle Cheshire , Sassoon Stephanie A. , Pfefferbaum Adolf , Sullivan Edith V. , Zahr Natalie M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVariations in pattern and extent of cognitive and motor impairment occur in alcoholism (ALC). Causes of such heterogeneity are elusive and inconsistently accounted for by demographic or alcohol consumption differences. We examined neurological and nutritional factors as possible contributors to heterogeneity in impairment. Participants with ALC (n = 96) and a normal comparison group (n = 41) were examined on six cognitive and motor domains. Signs of historically determined subclinical Wernicke's encephalopathy were detected using the Caine et al. criteria, which were based on postmortem examination and chart review of antemortem data of alcoholic cases with postmortem evidence for Wernicke's encephalopathy. Herein, four Caine criteria provided quantification of dietary deficiency, cerebellar dysfunction, low general cognitive functioning and oculomotor abnormalities in 86 of the 96 ALC participants. Subgroups based on Caine criteria yielded a graded effect, where those meeting more criteria exhibited greater impairment than those meeting no to fewer criteria. These results could not be accounted for by history of drug dependence. Multiple regression indicated that compromised performance on ataxia, indicative of cerebellar dysfunction, predicted non‐mnemonic and upper motor deficits, whereas low whole blood thiamine level, consistent with limbic circuit dysfunction, predicted mnemonic deficits. This double dissociation indicates biological markers that contribute to heterogeneity in expression of functional impairment in ALC. That non‐mnemonic and mnemonic deficits are subserved by the dissociable neural systems of frontocerebellar and limbic circuitry, both commonly disrupted in ALC, suggests neural mechanisms that can differentially affect selective functions, thereby contributing to heterogeneity in pattern and extent of dysfunction in ALC.
Symbionts mediate oviposition behaviour in invasive and native woodwasps
Authors: Hajek Ann E. , Tobin Patrick C. , Kroll Stefanie A. , Long Stefan J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Globalization leads to the introduction of invasive species that are often accompanied by associated microorganisms, and this can lead to homogenization of both introduced hosts and microbes with the native biota. One such example is the invasive Eurasian woodwasp Sirex noctilio, which inoculates pines with an obligate nutritional mutualist, the white rot fungus Amylostereum areolatum.
Although S. noctilio has been previously introduced outside of its native range, its arrival in North America was the first time that it was introduced to communities hosting native Sirex species and Amylostereum strains.
We conducted experiments aiming to investigate acceptance versus avoidance of native and non‐native Amylostereum strains and species during ovipositor drilling by females of S. noctilio and a native congener, Sirex nigricornis.
Sirex noctilio preferred wood without prior fungal emplacement, whereas S. nigricornis preferred wood inoculated with one of the strains of Amylostereum that putatively invaded with S. noctilio.
Drilling and presumed oviposition by both woodwasp species were highly aggregated.
Based on the responses of these two Sirex species to the fungal strains and species included in the present study, the invasive S. noctilio would continue its present symbiont associations, whereas the native S. nigricornis would partly use the strain of fungal symbiont putatively introduced with S. noctilio.
Mirabegron: potential off target effects and uses beyond the bladder
Authors: Dehvari Nodi , da Silva Junior Edilson Dantas , Bengtsson Tore , Hutchinson Dana Sabine 
Published: December 2017

The β3‐adrenoceptor was initially an attractive target for several pharmaceutical companies due to its high expression in rodent adipose tissue, where its activation resulted in decreased adiposity and improved metabolic outputs (such as glucose handling) in animal models of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. However, several drugs acting at the β3‐adrenoceptor failed in clinical trials. This was thought to be due to their lack of efficacy at the human receptor. Recently, mirabegron, a β3‐adrenoceptor agonist with human efficacy, was approved in North America, Europe, Japan and Australia for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome. There are indications that mirabegron may act at other receptors/targets, but whether they have any clinical relevance is relatively unknown. Besides overactive bladder syndrome, mirabegron may have other uses such as in the treatment of heart failure or metabolic disease. This review gives an overview of the off‐target effects of mirabegron and its potential use in the treatment of other diseases.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.21/issuetoc
Thrombopoietin receptor agonists in patients with persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Agnelli Giacchello Jacopo , Valeri Federica , Boccadoro Mario , Borchiellini Alessandra 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo assess long‐term treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), also considering the impact of the treatment with thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO‐RAs) prior to splenectomy.MethodsMedical records of all patients with persistent or chronic ITP seen at our institution between January 1985 and December 2016 were reviewed. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to compare medians between groups of patients.ResultsAmong 80 patients with persistent or chronic ITP, 34 underwent splenectomy and 59 were treated with TPO‐RAs. Twenty patients were both splenectomized and treated with TPO‐RAs; among them, 9 received TPO‐RAs before splenectomy. Median time to splenectomy from diagnosis of ITP was 25 months in the group of patients pretreated with TPO‐RAs vs 14.5 months in the group of splenectomized patients. These differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsOur study provides some initial data on the potential benefits of the treatment with TPO‐RAs that may allow splenectomy to be safely deferred for prolonged periods. More research is needed to evaluate the impact of the treatment with TPO‐RAs prior to splenectomy.
Catch rate and at‐vessel mortality of circle hooks versus J‐hooks in pelagic longline fisheries: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Reinhardt James F. , Weaver Jennifer , Latham Pamela J. , Dell'Apa Andrea , Serafy Joseph E. , Browder Joan A. , Christman Mary , Foster Daniel G. , Blankinship David R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe conducted a meta‐analysis of literature reporting on the use of circle hooks and J‐hooks in pelagic longline fisheries. Our study included more data than previous meta‐analyses of the effects of hook type, due to both a larger number of relevant studies available in recent years and a more general modelling approach. Data from 42 empirical studies were analysed using a random effects model to compare the effects of circle hooks and J‐hooks on catch rate (43 species) and at‐vessel mortality (31 species) of target and bycatch species. Catch rates with circle hooks were greater for 11 species, including four tuna species, six shark species and one Istiophorid billfish. Catch rates on circle hooks were lower for seven species, including two Istiophorid billfishes and two species of sea turtle. At‐vessel mortality was significantly lower with circle hooks in 12 species, including three tuna species, three Istiophorid billfishes, swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and three shark species. No species had significantly greater at‐vessel mortality when captured with a circle hook rather than a J‐hook. While our general approach increased model variability compared to more detailed studies, results were consistent with trends identified in previous studies that compared the catch rates and at‐vessel mortality (between hook types) for a number of species. Our results suggest that circle hooks can be a promising tool to reduce mortality of some bycatch species in pelagic longline fisheries, although the effects depend on the species and the metric (catch rate or at‐vessel mortality), emphasizing the need for fishery‐specific data in conservation and management decisions.
Reconstructing governability: How fisheries are made governable
Authors: Song Andrew M , Johnsen Jahn P , Morrison Tiffany H 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGovernability is an important concept in the political and environmental social sciences with increasing application to socio‐ecological systems such as fisheries. Indeed, governability analyses of fisheries and related systems such as marine‐protected areas have generated innovative ways to implement sustainability ideals. Yet, despite progress made, we argue that there remain limitations in current conceptions of governability that hinder further analytical development and use. By drawing on general systems theory—specifically cybernetics, control and feedback—we interrogate the conceptual foundations that underpin two key limitations: the need to incorporate the numerous variables that comprise a complex, holistic system into a singular assessment of governability, and the a priori separation of the governor and the governed that precludes analysis of a self‐governing situation. We argue that by highlighting the reciprocal nature of a governor–governed relationship and the co‐produced understanding of governing capacity and objects, a relational approach to governability is possible. This offers a clearer and more pragmatic understanding of how governors and fishers can make fisheries governable.
Multiple sulfur isotope constraints on microbial sulfate reduction below an Archean seafloor hydrothermal system
Authors: Aoyama Shinnosuke , Ueno Yuichiro 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMicrobial sulfate reduction is among the most ubiquitous metabolic processes on earth. The oldest evidence of microbial sulfate reduction appears in the ca. 3.5 Ga Dresser Formation in the North Pole area of Pilbara Craton in Western Australia. That evidence was found through analysis of quadruple sulfur isotopes of sulfate and sulfide minerals deposited on the seafloor. However, the activity of microbial sulfate reduction below the Archean seafloor remains poorly understood. Here, we report the quadruple sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals within hydrothermally altered seafloor basalt and less altered basaltic komatiite collected from the North Pole Dome area. The Δ33S values of the sulfide minerals were nonzero negative, suggesting that sulfate reduction occurred below the Archean seafloor. To constrain the substrate sulfate sources and sulfate reduction processes, we constructed a numerical model. Comparing the modeled and observed sulfur isotopes, we show that the substrate sulfate comprises seawater sulfate with a negative Δ33S anomaly and 34S‐enriched sulfate with no anomalous Δ33S. The latter component probably represents sulfate produced by local hydrothermal processes. The maximum sulfur isotopic fractionation between the putative substrate sulfate and the observed sulfide minerals within the altered basalt and basaltic komatiite is 35‰, which is consistent with a microbial origin. Alternatively, thermochemical sulfate reduction may also produce sulfide. However, considering the hydrothermal temperature inferred from the metamorphic grade of the altered basalt, the sulfur isotopic fractionation produced by inorganic sulfate reduction is probably below 20‰. Collectively, larger fractionations imply the involvement of biological sulfate reduction processes, both in the hydrothermal system below the seafloor and in less altered subsurface settings.
Contribution of crop model structure, parameters and climate projections to uncertainty in climate change impact assessments
Authors: Tao Fulu , Rötter Reimund P. , Palosuo Taru , Gregorio Hernández Díaz‐Ambrona Carlos , Mínguez M. Inés , Semenov Mikhail A. , Kersebaum Kurt Christian , Nendel Claas , Specka Xenia , Hoffmann Holger , Ewert Frank , Dambreville Anaelle , Martre Pierre , Rodríguez Lucía , Ruiz‐Ramos Margarita , Gaiser Thomas , Höhn Jukka G. , Salo Tapio , Ferrise Roberto , Bindi Marco , Cammarano Davide , Schulman Alan H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractClimate change impact assessments are plagued with uncertainties from many sources, such as climate projections or the inadequacies in structure and parameters of the impact model. Previous studies tried to account for the uncertainty from one or two of these. Here, we developed a triple‐ensemble probabilistic assessment using seven crop models, multiple sets of model parameters and eight contrasting climate projections together to comprehensively account for uncertainties from these three important sources. We demonstrated the approach in assessing climate change impact on barley growth and yield at Jokioinen, Finland in the Boreal climatic zone and Lleida, Spain in the Mediterranean climatic zone, for the 2050s. We further quantified and compared the contribution of crop model structure, crop model parameters and climate projections to the total variance of ensemble output using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Based on the triple‐ensemble probabilistic assessment, the median of simulated yield change was −4% and +16%, and the probability of decreasing yield was 63% and 31% in the 2050s, at Jokioinen and Lleida, respectively, relative to 1981–2010. The contribution of crop model structure to the total variance of ensemble output was larger than that from downscaled climate projections and model parameters. The relative contribution of crop model parameters and downscaled climate projections to the total variance of ensemble output varied greatly among the seven crop models and between the two sites. The contribution of downscaled climate projections was on average larger than that of crop model parameters. This information on the uncertainty from different sources can be quite useful for model users to decide where to put the most effort when preparing or choosing models or parameters for impact analyses. We concluded that the triple‐ensemble probabilistic approach that accounts for the uncertainties from multiple important sources provide more comprehensive information for quantifying uncertainties in climate change impact assessments as compared to the conventional approaches that are deterministic or only account for the uncertainties from one or two of the uncertainty sources.
Pricing, environmental governance efficiency, and channel coordination in a socially responsible tourism supply chain
Authors: Liu Yunzhi , Xiao Tiaojun , Fan Zhi‐Ping , Zhao Xuan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe investigate the pricing and environmental governance efficiency decisions and channel coordination of a dyadic tourism supply chain with corporate social responsibility. We consider two cases: only the theme park exhibits (environmental) social responsibility; and both theme park and tour operator exhibit social responsibility. For each case, we design a coordination mechanism. In the first case, we find that (a) if the environmental governance investment is relatively inexpensive, then the retail price, environmental governance efficiency, and sale quantity may simultaneously increase with the theme park's environmental responsibility (extra investment on the treatment of ungoverned environmental damage) under the centralized system; (b) it is more likely to achieve a win‐win outcome if the theme park cares more about the environment when the channel is coordinated; (c) the theme park's environmental responsibility enables itself to gain more coordination benefit when its negotiation power is relatively high. In the second case, we find that (a) the environmental governance efficiency or sale quantity increases with the tour operator's social responsibility; (b) both members’ profits may increase with the tour operator's social responsibility.
Diabetic foot ulcer management in clinical practice in the UK: costs and outcomes
Authors: Guest Julian F , Fuller Graham W , Vowden Peter 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to estimate the patterns of care and annual levels of health care resource use attributable to managing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in clinical practice by the UK's National Health Service (NHS), and the associated costs of patient management.This was a retrospective cohort analysis of the records of 130 patients with a newly diagnosed DFU in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. Patients' characteristics, wound‐related health outcomes and health care resource use were quantified, and the total NHS cost of patient management was estimated at 2015–2016 prices.Patients were predominantly managed in the community by nurses, with minimal clinical involvement of specialist physicians. 5% of patients saw a podiatrist, and 5% received a pressure‐offloading device. Additionally, 17% of patients had at least one amputation within the first 12 months from initial presentation of their DFU. 14% of DFUs were documented as being clinically infected at initial presentation, although an additional 31% of patients were prescribed an antimicrobial dressing at the time of presentation. Of all the DFUs, 35% healed within 12 months, and the mean time to healing was 4·4 months. Over the study period, 48% of all patients received at least one prescription for a compression system, but significantly more patients healed if they never received compression (67% versus 16%; P < 0·001). The mean NHS cost of wound care over 12 months was an estimated £7800 per DFU (of which 13% was attributable to amputations), ranging from £2140 to £8800 per healed and unhealed DFU, respectively, and £16 900 per amputated wound.Consolidated medical records from a primary care held database provided ‘real‐world evidence’ highlighting the consequences of inefficient and inadequate management of DFUs in clinical practice in the UK. Clinical and economic benefits to both patients and the NHS could accrue from strategies that focus on (i) wound prevention, (ii) improving wound‐healing rates and (iii) reducing infection and amputation rates.
Health‐related quality of life and patient burden in patients with split‐thickness skin graft donor site wounds
Authors: Humrich Marco , Goepel Lisa , Gutknecht Mandy , Lohrberg David , Blessmann Marco , Bruning Guido , Diener Holger , Dissemond Joachim , Hartmann Bernd , Augustin Matthias 
Published: December 2017

Split‐thickness skin grafting is a common procedure to treat different kinds of wounds. This systematic, multicentre, observational, cross‐sectional study of adult patients with split‐thickness skin graft (STSG) donor site wounds was conducted to evaluate quality of life (QoL) impairments caused by donor site wounds following split‐thickness skin grafting. Therefore, 112 patients from 12 wound centres in Germany were examined based on patient and physician questionnaires as well as a physical examination of the donor site wound. Most indications for skin grafting were postsurgical treatment (n = 51; 42.5%) and chronic wounds (n = 47; 39.2%). European QoL visual analoque scale (EQ VAS) averaged 64.7 ± 23.3, European QoL 5 dimensions (EQ‐5D) averaged 77.4 ± 30.0.Wound‐QoL (range: 0‐4) was rated 0.8 ± 0.8 post‐surgery and 0.4 ± 0.6 at the time of survey (on average 21 weeks between the time points). Compared to averaged Wound‐QoL scores of chronic wounds donor site‐related QoL impairments in split‐thickness skin‐graft patients were less pronounced. There were significant differences in patient burden immediately after surgery compared to the time of the survey, with medium effect sizes. This supports the hypothesis that faster healing of the donor site wound leads to more favourable patient‐reported outcomes.
A comprehensive approach to assigning periodontal prognosis
Authors: Martinez‐Canut Pedro , Llobell Arturo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThe purpose of this retrospective case series study was to evaluate the usefulness and performance of a comprehensive approach to assigning periodontal prognosis by assessing the risk of tooth loss due to periodontal disease (TLPD) and estimate the survival time (ST) of periodontally compromised teeth (PCT).Material and MethodsThe Long‐Term Outcome (LTO) index was utilized to assess the risk of TLPD, at baseline, in 100 patients following periodontal maintenance for a mean 24.7 year (±2.4). A TLPD prediction model was utilized to assign ST to PCT. The performance of the TLPD prediction based on both parameters was assessed.ResultsThe mean TLPD rate increased as the LTO index increased (Kruskal–Wallis p < .001). The percentage of TLPD increased as the ST decreased, with significantly differences between the LTO categories <4 and ≥4 for all ST intervals (Mann–Whitney p < .001 to p .021).Only 21% of PCT were lost. This percentage was 58% for teeth assigned the shortest ST and increased to 71% and 88% for these teeth in LTO ≥4 patients.ConclusionsThis approach might be useful to predict TLPD in patients with an initial higher risk of TLPD while it was not useful in patients with lower risk of TLPD.
Examining the content and moderators of women's fears for giving birth: A meta‐synthesis
Authors: Sheen Kayleigh , Slade Pauline 
Published: December 2017

Aims and objectivesThis meta‐synthesis aimed to identify key elements contributing to FOC derived from women's own reports.BackgroundFear of childbirth (FOC) encompasses fear or anxiety about giving birth, which can resemble a phobic response. FOC holds implications for women's antenatal and postnatal well‐being, and decisions made about the birth but a clear definition of the construct does not exist.MethodA meta‐synthesis was conducted by searching databases (Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, EBSCO, MEDLINE, PsychInfo and PsychArticles) for qualitative studies describing women's perspectives with respect to fear, anxiety, concerns, phobia or stress about birth. A total of 25 papers, reporting findings from 24 studies, fulfilled eligibility criteria and were included in the synthesis.ResultsSix key elements of FOC were identified; fears of the unknown, potential for injury, pain, capacity to give birth, losing control and adequacy of support from care providers. A single overarching theme linking all elements was “the unpredictability of childbirth.” Three moderators of FOC were also identified; awareness of negative birthing experiences, information received about birth and support received from care providers.ConclusionsFindings highlight the role of uncertainty in the birthing process as an overarching theme underpinning women's fears. Enhancing tolerance of uncertainty may be a way to reduce women's FOC.Relevance to clinical practiceIdentification of the elements and moderators of FOC provide an insight into the potential mechanisms that contribute to women's fears, which can be used to inform methods of identifying women with FOC or a basis upon which to base supportive strategies to reduce women's fears for giving birth.