bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrological recovery in two large forested watersheds of southeastern China: the importance of watershed properties in determining hydrological responses to reforestation
Authors: Liu Wenfei , Wei Xiaohua , Li Qiang , Fan Houbao , Duan Honglang , Wu Jianping , Giles-Hansen Krysta , Zhang Hao 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Understanding hydrological responses to reforestation is an important subject in watershed management, particularly in large forested watersheds ( >  1000 km2). In this study, we selected two large forested watersheds (Pingjiang and Xiangshui) located in the upper reach of the Poyang Lake watershed, southeastern China (with an area of 3261.4 and 1458 km2, respectively), along with long-term data on climate and hydrology (1954–2006) to assess the effects of large-scale reforestation on streamflow. Both watersheds have similar climate and experienced comparable and dramatic forest changes during the past decades, but with different watershed properties (e.g., the topography is much steeper in Xiangshui than in Pingjiang), which provides us with a unique opportunity to compare the differences in hydrological recovery in two contrasted watersheds. Streamflow at different percentiles (e.g., 5, 10, 50 and 95 %) were compared using a combination of statistical analysis with a year-wise method for each watershed. The results showed that forest recovery had no significant effects on median flows (Q50%) in both watersheds. However, reforestation significantly reduced high flows in Pingjiang, but had limited influence in Xiangshui. Similarly, reforestation had significant and positive effects on low flows (Q95%) in Pingjiang, while it did not significantly change low flows in Xiangshui. Thus, hydrological recovery is limited and slower in the steeper Xiangshui watershed, highlighting that watershed properties are also important for determining hydrological responses to reforestation. This finding has important implications for designing reforestation and watershed management strategies in the context of hydrological recovery.
Pricing electricity and supporting renewables in Heavily Energy Subsidized Economies
Authors: Newbery David M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT Heavily Energy Subsidized Economies’ energy subsidies cost the budget on average 4% of GDP in 2014. Resource rents permit administratively undemanding transfers to citizens to maintain political support, whose removal will be resisted, despite resulting inefficient consumption and lock-in risk. Collapsing energy prices delivering severe fiscal shocks combined with growing concerns over climate change damage make carefully designed reforms both urgent and politically more acceptable. Political logic suggests designing reforms that compensate vocal interest groups. The paper presents evidence on the magnitude and impacts of oil, gas and electricity subsidies, and discusses how the electricity sector can be weaned off subsidies, enabling CCGTs and unsubsidized renewables to reduce carbon emissions.
Optical characterization of InGaN/GaN quantum well active region of green laser diodes
Authors: Tian Aiqin , Liu Jianping , Zhang Liqun , Ikeda Masao , Fan Xiaowang , Zhang Shuming , Li Deyao , Zhang Feng , Wen Pengyan , Cheng Yang , Yang Hui 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We performed the optical characterization of InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) active regions of green laser diodes (LDs) with different threshold current densities by temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) analysis. The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) was evaluated to be 39 and 59% for green LDs with threshold current densities of 8.50 and 1.85 kA cm−2, respectively. Additional nonradiative recombination centers with an activation energy of 10 meV were found in the sample with the lower IQE, which is attributed to defects located at the interface of InGaN/GaN QWs.
P-type doping of GaN

by magnesium ion implantation
Authors: Narita Tetsuo , Kachi Tetsu , Kataoka Keita , Uesugi Tsutomu 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Magnesium ion implantation has been performed on a GaN

substrate, whose surface has a high thermal stability, thus allowing postimplantation annealing without the use of a protective layer. The current–voltage characteristics of p–n diodes fabricated on GaN

showed distinct rectification at a turn-on voltage of about 3 V, although the leakage current varied widely among the diodes. Coimplantation with magnesium and hydrogen ions effectively suppressed the leakage currents and device-to-device variations. In addition, an electroluminescence band was observed at wavelengths shorter than 450 nm for these diodes. These results provide strong evidence that implanted magnesium ions create acceptors in GaN

.
Trapping of xenon gas in closed inner spaces of carbon nanomaterials for stable gas storage under high-vacuum condition
Authors: Kobayashi Keita , Yasuda Hidehiro 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Xe gas can be trapped in the closed inner spaces of glassy carbon derived from C60 fullerene by thermal coalescence of C60 in Xe atmosphere and in cap-opened carbon nanotubes (CNTs) covered with an ionic liquid by soaking Xe-adsorbing CNTs in an ionic liquid. The trapped Xe gas is detected by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry using a spectrometer mounted on an analytical transmission electron microscope. The closed inner spaces store gas molecules even under high-vacuum condition (∼10−5 Pa).
A New Domain of Reactivity for High‐Valent Dinuclear [M(μ‐O)2M′] Complexes in Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Engelmann Xenia , Yao Shenglai , Farquhar Erik R. , Szilvási Tibor , Kuhlmann Uwe , Hildebrandt Peter , Driess Matthias , Ray Kallol 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe strikingly different reactivity of a series of homo‐ and heterodinuclear [(MIII)(μ‐O)2(MIII)′]2+ (M=Ni; M′=Fe, Co, Ni and M=M′=Co) complexes with β‐diketiminate ligands in electrophilic and nucleophilic oxidation reactions is reported, and can be correlated to the spectroscopic features of the [(MIII)(μ‐O)2(MIII)′]2+ core. In particular, the unprecedented nucleophilic reactivity of the symmetric [NiIII(μ‐O)2NiIII]2+ complex and the decay of the asymmetric [NiIII(μ‐O)2CoIII]2+ core through aromatic hydroxylation reactions represent a new domain for high‐valent bis(μ‐oxido)dimetal reactivity.
Rh‐Catalyzed Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Allylic Hydrazones
Authors: Hu Qiupeng , Hu Yanhua , Liu Yang , Zhang Zhenfeng , Liu Yangang , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA highly efficient P‐stereogenic diphosphine–rhodium complex was applied to the chemo‐ and enantioselective hydrogenation of allylic hydrazones for the synthesis of chiral allylic hydrazines in 89–96 % yields and with 82–99 % ee values. This methodology was successfully applied to the preparation of versatile chiral allylic amine derivatives.
Integrating Reverse‐Electrodialysis Stacks with Flow Batteries for Improved Energy Recovery from Salinity Gradients and Energy Storage
Authors: Zhu Xiuping , Kim Taeyoung , Rahimi Mohammad , Gorski Christopher A. , Logan Bruce E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSalinity gradient energy can be directly converted into electrical power by using reverse electrodialysis (RED) and other technologies, but reported power densities have been too low for practical applications. Herein, the RED stack performance was improved by using 2,6‐dihydroxyanthraquinone and ferrocyanide as redox couples. These electrolytes were then used in a flow battery to produce an integrated RED stack and flow battery (RED‐FB) system capable of capturing, storing, and discharging salinity gradient energy. Energy captured from the RED stack was discharged in the flow battery at a maximum power density of 3.0 kW m−2‐anode, which was similar to the flow batteries charged by electrical power and could be used for practical applications. Salinity gradient energy captured from the RED stack was recovered from the electrolytes as electricity with 30 % efficiency, and the maximum energy density of the system was 2.4 kWh m−3‐anolyte. The combined RED‐FB system overcomes many limitations of previous approaches to capture, store, and use salinity gradient energy from natural or engineered sources.
Grainyhead‐like 3 (Grhl3) deficiency in brain leads to altered locomotor activity and decreased anxiety‐like behaviors in aged mice
Authors: Dworkin Sebastian , Auden Alana , Partridge Darren D. , Daglas Maria , Medcalf Robert L. , Mantamadiotis Theo , Georgy Smitha R. , Darido Charbel , Jane Stephen M. , Ting Stephen B. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe highly conserved Grainyhead‐like (Grhl) family of transcription factors, comprising three members in vertebrates (Grhl1‐3), play critical regulatory roles during embryonic development, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis. Although loss of Grhl function leads to multiple neural abnormalities in numerous animal models, a comprehensive analysis of Grhl expression and function in the mammalian brain has not been reported. Here they show that only Grhl3 expression is detectable in the embryonic mouse brain; particularly within the habenula, an organ known to modulate repressive behaviors. Using both Grhl3‐knockout mice (Grhl3−/−), and brain‐specific conditional deletion of Grhl3 in adult mice (Nestin‐Cre/Grhl3flox/flox), they performed histological expression analyses and behavioral tests to assess long‐term effects of Grhl3 loss on motor co‐ordination, spatial memory, anxiety, and stress. They found that complete deletion of Grhl3 did not lead to noticeable structural or cell‐intrinsic defects in the embryonic brain; however, aged Grhl3 conditional knockout (cKO) mice showed enlarged lateral ventricles and displayed marked changes in motor function and behaviors suggestive of decreased fear and anxiety. They conclude that loss of Grhl3 in the brain leads to significant alterations in locomotor activity and decreased self‐inhibition, and as such, these mice may serve as a novel model of human conditions of impulsive behavior or hyperactivity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 775–788, 2017
Mitogenic action of hypoxia upon cutaneous neuroepithelial cells in developing zebrafish
Authors: Dean Benjamin W. , Rashid Thalia J. , Jonz Michael G. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn zebrafish, cutaneous neuroepithelial cells (NECs) contain serotonin (5‐HT) and are believed to initiate physiological and behavioral responses to hypoxia during embryonic and early larval development, when mature gills and O2 chemoreceptors are not yet present. The number of skin NECs rapidly declines as embryos develop into larvae, but acclimation to hypoxia leads to retention of a greater number of these cells. We hypothesized that reduction of the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in water would stimulate mitosis in cutaneous NECs in zebrafish. Zebrafish were exposed to 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) and immunolabeled with antibodies against serotonin and BrdU to identify mitotic skin cells, including NECs. Cells were imaged and quantified using confocal microscopy. From embryonic to larval stages, we observed an overall increase in the number of BrdU‐positive cells in the skin, but a decrease in BrdU‐positive serotonergic NECs. Exposure of larvae to hypoxia (PO2 = 30 mmHg) in vivo for 24 h produced a 1.7‐fold increase in the number of NECs labeled with BrdU. We conclude that under normal environmental PO2 the population of cutaneous NECs declines due to a decrease in mitotic activity. During environmental hypoxia, the number of NECs undergoing cell division in the skin is increased, and this promotes retention of NECs under these conditions. These data demonstrate the direct action of hypoxia upon the cell cycle of cutaneous NECs in developing zebrafish, and support the notion that cutaneous NECs are embryonic O2 chemoreceptors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 789–801, 2017
QRS duration versus morphology and survival after cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Khidir Mand J.H. , Delgado Victoria , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Schalij Martin J. , Bax Jeroen J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimsThe prognostic implications of QRS duration and morphology in heart failure patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains debated. The present evaluation investigated the association between QRS duration (<150 vs. ≥150 ms) and QRS morphology (left bundle brand block [LBBB] vs. non‐LBBB) and long‐term prognosis of a large cohort of unselected heart failure patients treated with CRT according to contemporary guidelines.Methods and resultsOf 973 heart failure patients treated with CRT (mean age 66.1 ± 9.8 years, 76% male), 658 patients (68%) showed QRS duration ≥150 ms, and 772 patients (79%) had LBBB configuration. Compared with patients with QRS duration <150 ms, patients with QRS duration ≥150 ms had less frequently ischaemic cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation and showed larger left ventricular volumes and lower left ventricular ejection fraction. Compared with patients with non‐LBBB configuration, patients with LBBB morphology were younger, less often males and less often had ischaemic cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation. On multivariable analysis, after correcting for relevant clinical and echocardiographic variables, LBBB morphology was significantly associated with better survival [hazard ratio (HR) 0.737; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.584–0.931; P = 0.010], whereas there was no statistically significant association between QRS duration ≥150 ms and survival (HR 0.889; 95% CI 0.726–1.088; P = 0.252).ConclusionsIn this large population of heart failure patients treated with CRT, QRS morphology was independently associated with long‐term survival. The association between QRS duration and long‐term survival was not statistically significant.
The impact of co‐morbidity burden on appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy and all‐cause mortality: insight from Danish nationwide clinical registers
Authors: Ruwald Anne Christine , Vinther Michael , Gislason Gunnar H. , Johansen Jens Brock , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , Petersen Helen Høgh , Riahi Sam , Jons Christian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimsIn a nationwide cohort of primary (PP‐ICD) and secondary prevention (SP‐ICD) implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) patients, we aimed to investigate the association between co‐morbidity burden and risk of appropriate ICD therapy and mortality.Methods and resultsWe identified all patients >18 years, implanted with first‐time PP‐ICD (n = 1873) or SP‐ICD (n = 2461) in Denmark from 2007 to 2012. Co‐morbidity was identified in administrative registers of hospitalization and drug prescription from pharmacies. Co‐morbidity burden was defined as the number of pre‐existing non‐ICD indication‐related co‐morbidities including atrial fibrillation, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal disease, liver disease, cancer, chronic psychiatric disease, and peripheral and/or cerebrovascular disease, and divided into four groups (co‐morbidity burden 0, 1, 2, and ≥3). Through Cox models, we assessed the impact of co‐morbidity burden on appropriate ICD therapy and mortality. Increasing co‐morbidity burden was not associated with increased risk of appropriate therapy, irrespective of implant indication [all hazard ratios (HRs) 1.0–1.4, P = NS]. Using no co‐morbidities as reference, increasing co‐morbidity burden was associated with increased mortality risk in PP‐ICD patients (co‐morbidity burden 1, HR 2.1; comorbidity burden 2, HR 3.7; co‐morbidity burden ≥3, HR 6.6) (all P < 0.001) and SP‐ICD patients (co‐morbidity burden 1, HR 2.2; co‐morbidity burden 2, HR 3.8; co‐morbidity burden ≥3, HR 5.8). With increasing co‐morbidity burden, an increasing frequency of patients died without having utilized their device, with 72% PP‐ICD and 45% SP‐ICD patients with co‐morbidity burden ≥3 dying without prior appropriate ICD therapy.ConclusionIncreasing co‐morbidity burden was not associated with increased risk of appropriate ICD therapy. With increasing co‐morbidity burden, mortality increased, and a higher proportion of patients died, without ever having utilized their device.
“We're Already Somebody”: High School Students Practicing Critical Media Literacy IRL (in Real Life)
Authors: Saunders Jane M. , Ash Gwynne Ellen , Salazar Isabelle ,   with student authors, Pruitt Rowan , Wallach Daniel , Breed Ellie , Saldana Sean , Szachacz Ana 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAs new media and multiliteracies become an expanding space for reading and writing both in and out of schools, it seems fitting to document events where students are engaged in authentic literacy events. This article tells the story of what happened when a group of news writers chose to publish an editorial in their news magazine critical of an invited speaker. After the story gained momentum through both the traditional press and social media, students experienced a twofold lesson: what it feels like to raise their voices and be heard, and ways to respond to and learn from the backlash of their critique.
The effect of a temporary product distribution channel on supply chain performance
Authors: Khouja Moutaz , Zhou Jing 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe analyze a supply chain of a manufacturer and two retailers, a permanent retailer who always stocks the manufacturer's product and an intermittent deal‐of‐the day retailer who sells the manufacturer's product online for a short time. We find that without a deal‐of‐the‐day (DOTD) retailer, it is suboptimal for the manufacturer to offer a quantity discount while it is optimal for the retailer to offer periodic price discounts to consumers. With the addition of a DOTD retailer, it is likely to be optimal for the manufacturer to offer a quantity discount. We show that even without market expansion, i.e., no exclusive DOTD retailer consumers, opening the intermittent channel can leave the permanent retailer no worse‐off while increasing the manufacturer's profit. We identify the regular and discounted wholesale prices and the threshold quantity at which the manufacturer should give the discount. We also identify the optimal retail prices. We find that opening the intermittent channel increases the profit of the manufacturer, is likely to decrease the average retail price and to increase sales, and may increase the permanent retailer's profit. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 505–528, 2016
Expertise and individual differences: the search for the structure and acquisition of experts’ superior performance
Authors: Ericsson K. Anders 
Published: December 2016

What is expertise and where does it come from? Modern research techniques have made it possible to objectively measure performance in new ways, revealing that expertise derives neither from basic cognitive ability nor from the sheer amount of experience. Rather, it develops—particular forms of training and practice induce cognitive, perceptual, physiological, neurological, and anatomical changes necessary for the acquisition of complex domain‐specific skills. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1382. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1382This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Motor Skill and Performance
What does it take to learn a word?
Authors: Samuelson Larissa K. , McMurray Bob 
Published: December 2016

Vocabulary learning is deceptively hard, but toddlers often make it look easy. Prior theories proposed that children's rapid acquisition of words is based on language‐specific knowledge and constraints. In contrast, more recent work converges on the view that word learning proceeds via domain‐general processes that are tuned to richly structured—not impoverished—input. We argue that new theoretical insights, coupled with methodological tools, have pushed the field toward an appreciation of simple, content‐free processes working together as a system to support the acquisition of words. We illustrate this by considering three central phenomena of early language development: referential ambiguity, fast‐mapping, and the vocabulary spurt. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1421. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1421This article is categorized under:

Linguistics > Language Acquisition
Psychology > Development and Aging
Binary Mixed Micelles of Polyoxyethylene (10) Stearyl Ether with Polysorbate 20 and Polysorbate 60: Thermodynamic Description
Authors: Tepavčević Vesna , Poša Mihalj , Obradović Stoja 
Published: December 2016

AbstractComprehension of the nature of the micellisation process is of great importance for the characterisation of micelles and the assessment of their applications. In this research, the influences of temperature and the length of the hydrophobic chain on the micellisation process of polyoxyethylene (10) stearyl ether (PE10) with polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 60 were studied. Values of critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of the individual surfactants and of their binary mixtures were acquired by spectrofluorimetric measurements, in the temperature range 273.15–313.15 K, using pyrene as a probe molecule. Obtained CMC values served for the calculation of interaction parameters and excess Gibbs energies of the mixed micelles. It was found that in PE10—polysorbate 20 mixed micelles (due to a shorter hydrophobic segment of polysorbate 20 molecule) PE10 alkyl chains were more likely to assume globular conformations in the interior of micelles, in comparison to PE10—polysorbate 60 mixed micelles (in which hydrophobic segments had the same lengths). For each analysed binary system, interaction parameter decreased with the rise of temperature. It could be assumed that on higher temperatures the hydrophobic chains of studied surfactants were more likely to take globular conformations, having higher values of conformational freedom. This observation implied that the process of micellisation was followed by an increase in entropy. Accordingly, the excess Gibbs energy of micellisation was determined not only by entropic contributions, but also by enthalpic input.
User participation in the Norwegian Welfare Context: an Analysis of Policy Discourses
Authors: ASKHEIM OLE PETTER , CHRISTENSEN KAREN , FLUGE SYNNØVE , GULDVIK INGRID 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article argues that the social construction of user participation policies includes both differences and similarities regarding three user groups: older people, disabled people and people with mental health problems. The article is based on a historical discourse analysis of national documents in Norway. It points at a democracy/social rights discourse, based on the idea of social citizenship, as a common and historically stable discourse for all three user groups and relates this to the specific characteristics of Norwegian welfare policies. A contrasting consumer discourse, stressing users’ consumer role and related to the impact of New Public Management reforms, is only evident in the case of older people and from the 1990s. A co-production/co-partnering discourse, stressing user/professional-partnership, is evident in the current policies directed at older people and those with mental health problems. Both the consumer and co-production discourse remain marginal in the case of disabled people.
Added mass of a pair of disks at small separation
Authors: ATKINSON C. , SHERWOOD J. D. 
Published: December 2016

Inviscid irrotational flow around a pair of coaxial disks is considered in the limit in which the distance 2h between the disks is small compared to their radius a. The disks have zero thickness and accelerate away from one another along their common axis. The added mass M of each accelerating disk is increased by the presence of the other disk. Analytic predictions are obtained when h/a ≪ 1, with M ~ πa/(8h)-ln(h/a)/2+0.77875+. . . The term O(a/h) can be obtained by means of an inviscid analysis of approximately unidirectional flow within the gap between the disks, but the correction terms have not been reported previously. The irrotational flow problem satisfies Neumann boundary conditions on the surface of the disks, but is otherwise analogous to the Dirichlet problem of the capacitance of a pair of charged disks, which has been the subject of much study and controversy.