bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Hand Instrumentation and Ultrasonic Scaling on the Microleakage of various Cervical Restorations: An in vitro Study
Authors: Barekatain Mehrdad , Rohani Bita , Farhad Shirin Z , Haghayegh Navid 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In cervical lesions, various restorative materials can be inserted, which can be affected by the application of periodontal scalers. This study evaluated and compared the marginal seal of class V glass ionomer, composite resin, and amalgam restorations after subjecting them to hand instrumentation and ultrasonic scaling.

Materials and methods
In this experimental study, 30 sound human first premolars were selected. In each tooth, buccal and lingual cavities (4 mm mesiodistal width, 3 mm occlusogingival height, and 2 mm depth) were made. The teeth were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 teeth: (1) Glass ionomer group, (2) composite group, and (3) amalgam group. Teeth were subjected to thermocycling procedure for 1,000 cycles between 5 and 55°C water baths and a 1-minute dwell time. Then, each group was randomly subdivided: (1) Margins of 30 restorations were exposed to hand instrumentation procedures by applying 10 working strokes, (2) margins of 30 restorations were exposed to a periodontal tip mounted on a piezoelectric ultrasonic handpiece working at 25 kHz for 10 seconds. The specimens were serially sectioned mesiodistally. Each section was examined under a stereomicroscope. The extent of microleakage was ranked using a 0 to 4 scale at both occlusal and cervical margins of the restorations. Data were analyzed initially using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by multiple comparisons using the Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon test.

Results
The type of restorative material had a significant influence on dye penetration, whether in the enamel margin or in dentinal margin (p < 0.001). The microleakage of glass ionomer group was the highest. No statistical differences were found in dye penetration between scaling groups (hand instrumentation and ultrasonic scaling) (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Type of restorative material had a significant influence on microleakage. No statistical differences were found in dye penetration between scaling groups.

Clinical significance
The microleakage of glass ionomer restoration is greater than amalgam and composite restorations after subjecting them to hand instrumentation and ultrasonic scaling.

How to cite this article
Rohani B, Barekatain M, Farhad SZ, Haghayegh N. Influence of Hand Instrumentation and Ultrasonic Scaling on the Microleakage of various Cervical Restorations: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):437-442.
Radiopacity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with and without Inclusion of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Cardoso Flávia GR , Mendes Mariana SS , Resende Leonardo D , Pinto Cláudia A , Raldi Denise P , Habitante Sandra M 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the inclusion of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) composition to know which changes will result in the radiopacity of the material.

Materials and methods
The experiment was performed according to the American National Standard Institute/American Dental Association specification no. 57/2000 and ISO 6876/2001. Five plates with five holes measuring 1 mm in depth and 5 mm in internal diameter were filled according to the different experimental groups as follows: white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) + NP50 – W MTA with liquid Ag NP 50 ppm, WMTA + NP30 – W MTA with liquid Ag NP 30 ppm, WMTA + NP22 – W MTA with liquid Ag NP 22 ppm, WMTA + NPP – white MTA with liquid Ag NP and powder 1%, WMTA (control). After filling the plates, they were kept in an incubator at 37°C in relative humidity for setting. Each sample was positioned along an aluminum step-wedge placed above the Opteo digital sensor system. The image was divided into four quadrants, and three readings were made for each quadrant to render the average of each quadrant. The resulting data were submitted to Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's tests.

Results
The results showed statistically significant differences between WMTA + NP30, WMTA + NP22, and WMTA + NPP interactions compared with WMTA (control) (p < 0.05). The radiopacity was in descending order: WMTA + NPP, WMTA + NP22, WMTA + NP30, MTA + NP50, and WMTA.

Conclusion
Silver NPs changed the radiopacity of WMTA, being more evident in WMTA + NP powder at 1% weight.

Clinical significance
The low radiopacity of MTA makes it difficult for any radiographic observation. The Ag NPs appear as an alternative, being an excellent radiopacifier as they have excellent antimicrobial property and relatively low toxicity.

How to cite this article
Mendes MSS, Resende LD, Pinto CA, Raldi DP, Cardoso FGR, Habitante SM. Radiopacity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with and without Inclusion of Silver Nanoparticles. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):448-451.
Choice of Endodontic Fiber Posts and its Influence on Dental Malpractice: An in vitro Evaluation
Authors: Jassar Houssam , Husseini Hassan El 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTAims and objectivesThe fiber post type used in restoring endodontically treated teeth may affect the dental expert decision in the case of dental malpractice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the low-cost commercial fiber post in comparison with a higher cost or well-known documented fiber post system.Materials and methodsA total of 20 premolars were selected for the study; following endodontic treatment, specimens were randomly divided into two groups of 10 specimens each according to the type of fiber post used: (1) Low-cost commercial fiber post (OYAPost, Taper Lucent, OYARICOM) and (2) higher cost well-known fiber post (Rely X Fiber post, 3M ESPE). Both fiber posts were cemented using self-adhesive cement (Rely X Unicem). Samples were subjected to push-out bond strength and to failure analysis. One-way analysis of variance was used (p < 0.005).ResultsThere was no significant difference between the bond strength of the two tested groups (p > 0.05), while statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was noted between the different post space regions (cervical, middle, and apical).ConclusionBased on the evidence from the study, it can be concluded that the type of fiber post should not affect the dental expert decision in the case of dental malpractice/lawsuit.Clinical significanceAll types of low-cost fiber posts may behave similarly to other higher cost or well-documented fiber posts.How to cite this articleAyoub F, Jassar H, El Husseini H, Salameh Z. Choice of Endodontic Fiber Posts and its Influence on Dental Malpractice: Anin vitroEvaluation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):452-457.
Association of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Gender Identification: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Patil Suneel G , Gautam Nitin , Krishna R Gopi , Agastya Hemalatha , Mushtaq Lubna , Kumar K Vijay 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The present study's aim was to assess the pattern of palatine ridges/rugae to identify gender.

Materials and methods
This study consists of a total of 50 participants (25 males and 25 females). Participants of the age range of 20 to 50 years were selected from the outpatient department. According to the shape and size of the patient's arches, maxillary impression trays were selected using alginate, and casts were poured subsequently. With the help of a sharp graphite pencil, the palatine ridges were delineated to make it prominent, and on either side of the midline, the number of rugae was counted and the length measured. Using these parameters, the pattern of rugae was determined. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test. The level of significance was set at 5%.

Results
Males had more number of palatal rugae (mean 5.96 ± 0.88) compared with females (5.24 ± 0.77), and there was a statistically significant association between them. The mean length of palatal rugae was more in males (6.25 ± 1.15 mm) than females (5.16 ± 1.40 mm), and it was found to be a statistically significant association. The straight pattern was more common in both males and females (2.56 ± 1.08, 2.32 ± 0.85 respectively) than other patterns.

Conclusion
This study concluded that straight rugae pattern has been found to be the most common pattern in both genders. However, the mean number of straight rugae pattern and length is slightly more in males than females.

Clinical significance
The most challenging tasks in forensic medicine is human identification. Dental records, dactylogram, and comparing deoxyribonucleic acid are the widely used techniques in mass disasters, but these techniques have their own drawbacks and hence cannot be applied always. In such cases, less known techniques like rugoscopy will be helpful.

How to cite this article
Gautam N, Patil SG, Krishna RG, Agastya H, Mushtaq L, Kumar KV. Association of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Gender Identification: An Exploratory Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):470-473.
Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Gummy Smile
Authors: Al-Fouzan Afnan F , Mokeem Lamia S , Al-Saqat Reem T , Alfalah Maisa A , Alharbi Mana A , Al-Samary Abdullah E 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim was to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin (Botox) injections as a conservative treatment for gummy smile.

Materials and methods
An experimental in vivo study was conducted at a dermatology clinic in Riyadh in January 2016. The study included 23 female patients who ranged from 20 to 50 years and were treated with Botox injections due to excessive maxillary gingival display. The patients with short clinical crowns or long maxilla, those who were pregnant or breastfeeding, and patients with neuromuscular disorders were excluded. Patients received Botox type I, injected 3 mm lateral to the alar-fascial groove at the level of the nostril opening at the insertion of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle. Photos were taken of the patient's smile before and after the treatment and were then uploaded to the SketchUp program to calculate improvements in gingival display. The distance from the lower margin of the upper lip to the gingival margin was calculated pre- and posttreatment. The amount of improvement was calculated as (pre-Botox treatment – post-Botox treatment/pre-Botox treatment × 100). The mean percentage of the total improvement was analyzed.

Results
A total of 23 female patients received treatment to improve their gummy smile. Improvement was clear 2 weeks after Botox injection. The mean percentage of improvement in the gingival display was 99.6%.

Conclusion
Botox type I is an effective conservative technique to improve gummy smile caused by muscular hyperfunction.

Clinical significance
Patients’ retention highly indicated that they were satisfied with the provided treatment by Botox injections. Improving the quality of life with least painful experience and immediate results was the major advantage for Botox type I.

How to cite this article
Al-Fouzan AF, Mokeem LS, Al-Saqat RT, Alfalah MA, Alharbi MA, Al-Samary AE. Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Gummy Smile. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):474-478.
Assessment of Levels of Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Periodontal Pathologies: A Comparative Study
Authors: Wahi Saurabh , Tripathi Alok , Wahi Shradha , Mishra Vikas D , Singh Abhishek P , Sinha Nikhil 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
One of the potential sources for the occurrence of various systemic pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases is periodontitis. Testing of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA) is a highly standardized procedure and is becoming increasingly popular these days due to its cost-effectiveness and ease of use. Literature quotes numerous studies associating the periodontal diseases with various hemoglobin markers in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Hence, we planned the present study to assess the levels of HbA in patients with periodontitis among nondiabetic patients.

Materials and methods
For the present study, a total of 50 nondiabetic subjects who reported to the department with the chief complaint of periodontitis were included. Another set of 50 nondiabetic individuals were included in the present study of comparable age in whom no periodontitis was detected clinically. Clinical examination and radiographic evaluation was performed for the selection of the cases for the study group. The patients were sent to the laboratory after the clinical examination, for the testing of HbA. Testing of the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels of all the subjects and controls was performed and values were noted and evaluated.

Results
Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the mean HbA1c concentrations among the study group and the control group. Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the mean HbA1c levels among males and females. While comparing the mean HbA1c levels between the study group and the control group divided on the basis of body mass index, nonsignificant results were obtained.

Conclusion
In nondiabetic subjects, no significant correlation could be observed between periodontitis and HbA1c levels.

Clinical significance
The HbA1c cannot be used as a reliable maker for differentiation of patients with periodontal pathologies from patients free of periodontal pathologies.

How to cite this article
Wahi S, Tripathi A, Wahi S, Mishra VD, Singh AP, Sinha N. Assessment of Levels of Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Periodontal Pathologies: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):506-509.
Assessment of C-reactive Proteins, Cytokines, and Plasma Protein Levels in Hypertensive Patients with Apical Periodontitis
Authors: Goel Pallavi , Kulkarni Kiran , Rashmi N , Galhotra Vineet , Rajguru Jagadish P , Jha Satyendra K 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) manifests mostly as periapical radiolucency. Various inflammatory mediators play a significant role in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis. In acute inflammatory conditions, C-reactive proteins (CRP) and fibrinogen show a rise in their concentrations. In chronic diseases with high inflammatory components, an increased prevalence of hypertension has been observed. Hence, we assessed the association of CAP and plasma levels of various inflammatory markers (CRP, interleukin 6 [IL-6], and fibrinogen) in severely hypertensive patients.

Materials and methods
This study was conducted in the conservative wing of the institute and included assessment of 250 hypertensive patients with apical periodontitis. With the help of periapical radiographs and clinical examination, the assessment of following parameters was done: Amount of teeth present, visible plaque index, periodontal pocket probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, presence/absence of carious lesions, which included assessment of caries in crown portion, in the root portion, and residual tooth roots (RR), presence of CAP from each patient; 8 mm of venous blood was collected in the morning for the assessment of plasma levels of IL-6, CRP, and fibrinogen levels. Immediate collection and processing of the samples were done in the hospital laboratory. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.

Results
Out of 250, 155 patients were females. Mean plasma levels of CRP observed in our study were 0.8 mg/dL. Mean plasma levels of IL-6 and fibrinogen were found to be 3.3 and 337.1 mg/dL respectively. A significant correlation was observed while comparing mean body mass index (BMI), RR, and CAP in hypertensive patients. While comparing the mean plasma IL-6 levels, mean BMI, and CAP in the patients, significant results were obtained. Significant correlation was observed while comparing the mean BMI and CAP in hypertensive patients.

Conclusion
Systemic levels of CRP, IL-6, and fibrinogen levels are influenced by the presence of CAP in hypertensive patients.

Clinical significance
In hypertensive patients, CAP alters the systemic levels of various inflammatory markers.

How to cite this article
Rashmi N, Galhotra V, Goel P, Rajguru JP, Jha SK, Kulkarni K. Assessment of C-reactive Proteins, Cytokines, and Plasma Protein Levels in Hypertensive Patients with Apical Periodontitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):516-521.
Ibuprofen and Low-level Laser Therapy for Pain Control during Fixed Orthodontic Therapy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-analysis
Authors: Eslamipour Faezeh , Motamedian Saeed R , Bagheri Fahimeh 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
To systematically review high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of use of ibuprofen and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for pain control during fixed orthodontic appliance therapy.

Materials and methods
A web-based systematic search of PubMed and Medline database using relevant keywords was performed in August 2016 limited to the English language studies. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, RCTs utilizing blind approach were selected. The quality of studies was analyzed and only high-quality studies were included. Following data extraction, meta-analysis was performed by standardized mean difference Hedges’ (adjusted) g with 95% confidence interval.

Results
A total number of six studies (four ibuprofen and two LLLT) comprising 315 patients were included. Heterogeneity among ibuprofen studies was small, while large heterogeneity was found among LLLT studies. The results showed that both ibuprofen and LLLT could reduce pain intensity during fixed orthodontic therapy and during 17 days follow-up period. However, this reduction was statistically significant only at 6 to 24 hours postoperatively for ibuprofen and 2 hours and 3 to 7 days for LLLT (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Considering the limitations of the current metaanalysis, ibuprofen could alleviate orthodontic archwire activation pain during the 1st day with relatively high level of evidence. Low-level laser therapy could reduce this pain in the long term with limited evidence. Further well-designed RCTs are required to provide more evidence.

How to cite this article
Eslamipour F, Motamedian SR, Bagheri F. Ibuprofen and Low-level Laser Therapy for Pain Control during Fixed Orthodontic Therapy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):527-533.
A Case of Laparoscopically Managed Myometrial Scar Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Agarwal Meenu , Kashyap Madhuri 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIntramural pregnancy, an ectopic gestation completely surrounded by the myometrium located within the uterine wall with separation from the uterine cavity, is an extremely unusual form of pregnancy. Complications resulting from intramural pregnancy include inevitable uterine rupture with resultant hemorrhage and possible hysterectomy if the diagnosis is not made early and treatment is not initiated. A patient presented with missed abortion, suction curettage was done but no placental villi were seen in the products. She had a previous history of laparoscopic myomectomy 6 months ago. A provisional diagnosis of myometrial scar pregnancy was made and was confirmed with Doppler and magnetic resonance imaging. Laparoscopic enucleation of ectopic sac was done against medical management with methotrexate. The patient conceived successfully through intracytoplasmic sperm injection for male factor and delivered twins by lower (uterine) segment cesarean section at term.How to cite this articleAgarwal M, Kashyap M, Meshram S. A Case of Laparoscopically Managed Myometrial Scar Ectopic Pregnancy. Int J Gynecol Endsc 2017;1(1):28-31.
Ruptured Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy after Interval of Tubal Ligation
Authors: Raikwar Poonam , Jain Vijeta , Raikwar Ramsharan 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
We report a case of a woman presenting in a state of shock with classic symptoms of rupture ectopic pregnancy. She had a history of tubal ligation done two years back. Laparoscopic surgery was done and a diagnosis of ruptured ectopic ovarian pregnancy was made.
How to cite this article
Raikwar P, Jain V, Raikwar R. Ruptured Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy after Interval of Tubal Ligation. Int J Gynecol Endsc 2017;1(1):44-45.
Cystic Degeneration of Fibroid following Mifepristone
Authors: Hakim Mohsina 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Uterine leiomyomas are common uterine tumors and often altered by degenerative changes, which can cause difficulty and confusion in their clinical diagnosis. Several agents exist for the medical management of uterine fibroids through symptom control, reduction in fibroid volume, and reduction in menstrual blood loss. In our patient, Tab. mifepristone 25 mg was used for 9 months. In follow-up, size of fibroid tripled over 9 months. Patient started developing pressure symptoms. Surgery was difficult to perform because of cystic degeneration. Further long-term study is needed to exactly understand the long-term effect of these medicines.
How to cite this article
Jain N, Hakim M. Cystic Degeneration of Fibroid following Mifepristone. Int J Gynecol Endsc 2017;1(1):46-49.
Mean age of stratospheric air derived from AirCore observations
Authors: Engel Andreas , Bönisch Harald , Ullrich Markus , Sitals Robert , Membrive Olivier , Danis Francois , Crevoisier Cyril 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Mean age of stratospheric air can be derived from observations of sufficiently long-lived trace gases with approximately linear trends in the troposphere. Mean age can serve as a tracer to investigate stratospheric transport and long-term changes in the strength of the overturning Brewer–Dobson circulation of the stratosphere. For this purpose, a low-cost method is required in order to allow for regular observations up to altitudes of about 30 km. Despite the desired low costs, high precision and accuracy are required in order to determine mean age. We present balloon-borne AirCore observations from two midlatitude sites: Timmins in Ontario/Canada and Lindenberg in Germany. During the Timmins campaign, five AirCores sampled air in parallel with a large stratospheric balloon and were analysed for CO2, CH4 and partly CO. We show that there is good agreement between the different AirCores (better than 0.1 %), especially when vertical gradients are small. The measurements from Lindenberg were performed using small low-cost balloons and yielded very comparable results. We have used the observations to extend our long-term data set of mean age observations at Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. The time series now covers more than 40 years and shows a small, statistically non-significant positive trend of 0.15 ± 0.18 years decade−1. This trend is slightly smaller than the previous estimate of 0.24 ± 0.22 years decade−1 which was based on observations up to the year 2006. These observations are still in contrast to strong negative trends of mean age as derived from some model calculations.