bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statin prescription reduces the risk of death in cancer patients: Analysis of the Korean nationwide health insurance database
Authors: Kim JeongSook , Kim Yong-June , Kim Joungyoun , Lee Jae-woo , Kang Hee-Taik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Cancer is a leading cause of death in Korea, with the number and prevalence of cancer patients gradually increasing. This study was aimed to examine whether statin prescription in cancer patients is inversely associated with all-cause mortality. This retrospective study used the Korean nationwide health insurance claim data. The patients were divided into four groups based on the duration of statin prescription: non-users, T1, T2, and T3. Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank tests were performed to compare the survival rate among the four groups. Cox proportional hazards regression models were constructed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality. A total of 154,916 patients were included (67,207 men and 87,709 women). The median study duration was 14.6 years. The estimated cumulative survival rate was the lowest in statin non-users and the highest in T3 in both sexes. After full adjustment, HRs (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality of T1, T2, and T3 were 0.637 (0.619 − 0.658), 0.482 (0.462 − 0.503), and 0.258 (0.244 − 0.272), respectively, in men and 0.608 (0.580 − 0.637), 0.406 (0.385 − 0.430), and 0.190 (0.178 − 0.203), respectively, in women. Even after stratifying overall cancers into the most common cancer types, statin prescription was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in most male and female cancer types in a dose-response manner. Statin prescription among cancer patients was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in both sexes and in most cancer types after stratification.
GRASLND is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in bladder cancer
Authors: Li Yuezheng , Fu Taozhu , Wu Ziang , Chen Hongrun , Li Weiren 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

GRASLND has been shown to be a potent biomarker in a variety of cancers. However, studies on GRASLND and bladder cancer have been limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the expression of GRASLND and their relationship with clinicopathological features, prognosis and immune cell infiltration in patients of bladder cancer. The RNA sequencing data and clinical information of 412 patients with bladder cancer and 19 normal subjects were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Our results demonstrated that GRASLND was highly expressed in bladder cancer (P < 0.001) and could effectively distinguish bladder cancer tissue from normal bladder tissue (area under the curve = 0.805). Moreover, the expression of GRASLND was significantly correlated with pathologic stage, pathologic T stage, pathologic N stage, histologic grade and subtype. Kaplan–Meier curves analysis revealed that patients with high gene expression had shorter overall survival and worse prognosis (hazard ratio = 1.46, P = 0.012). Cox regression analysis indicated that GRASLND expression, Age, Pathologic T stage, Pathologic N stage, Pathologic M stage, Pathologic stage and Subtype were risk factors for overall survival. Immunoinfiltration analysis found that the expression of GRASLND was positively correlated with the enrichment abundance of immune cells such as macrophages, Tgd and Tem. Collectively, our results suggested that GRASLND may be an important biomarker for the diagnosis and predicting prognosis of bladder cancer, and may even be a new therapeutic target.
Depression and Associated Factors Among Adult Diabetic Patients Attending at Diabetic Follow up Clinic of Mikilililand Health Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023: A Facility Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Demelash Assamin , Awol Kemal , Metekie Assefa , Tilinty Haileleul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Globally prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate and causes a tremendous burden for the patient, the family, the society as well as the healthcare system. Early diagnosis and treatment with glycemic control and preventing diabetes related complications has been considered as an important treatment success for patients with diabetes mellitus. Depression has a potential on-going and devastating outcome in patients with diabetes mellitus. As a result, addressing the psychosocial support and prevention of depression is a key treatment success in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess depression and its associated factors among type-2 diabetic patients attending at diabetic follow up clinic of Mikililand health center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023.
Methods
A facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 162 type-2 diabetic patients attending at diabetic follow up clinic in Mikililand health center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with depression. All predictor variables that had a significant association in bi variable analysis with p-value ≤ 0.25 were entered into multi variable logistic regression model to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. P-value ≤ 0.05 in multi variable logistic regressions were considered as statistically significant.
Result
159 (98.15% response rate) type 2 diabetic patients were participated and among the study participants, the overall prevalence of depression was 41.5%. Patients living in rent house [AOR = 5.927 (95% CI = 1.743,20.148)], longer duration of diabetes > 5 yrs since diagnosis [AOR = 16.038 (95% CI = 1.611,159.3648)],having family history of diabetes [AOR = 4.419 (95% CI = 1.044,18.701)], presence of diabetes related complications [AOR = 9.166 (95% CI = 2.866, 29.314)] and Alcohol use status [AOR = 30.148 (95% CI = 4.670,194.630)] were significantly associated with depression among T2DM patients.
Conclusions
This study indicated the overall prevalence of depression found to be high, which was 41.5%. The study found that depression status was highly influenced by being female patients, the longer duration of diabetes mellitus diagnosed, treatment and the presence of diabetes related complications, poor glycemic control, presence of comorbid medical illnesses, and patient’s alcohol use status and housing condition status.
Therefore, more efforts are required to screen all adult diabetic patients for depression with an integration psychological assessment and counseling service provisions in chronic follow up OPD.
A descriptive analysis of drug related problems identified when prescribing the COVID-19 antiviral drug Paxlovid®
Authors: Stoiber Alina , Gray Gwen , Sailer Gudrun , Huf Wolfgang , Tonna Antonella 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Paxlovid® is the only licensed oral COVID − 19 antiviral containing nirmatrelvir and ritonavir. Ritonavir is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes resulting in clinically significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs).
Aim
To describe the frequency, type, and severity of detected drug related problems (DRPs) with Paxlovid®
Method
This study involved a retrospective, quantitative data analysis. All patients prescribed Paxlovid® in a public hospital in Vienna, were included. Data was collected from the patients’ records and recorded on a customised and piloted data collection form. Any DRPs were also noted. The severity of DDIs was classified using an established checker tool.
Results
122 of 140 (87.1%) patients required interventions to prevent DRPs; 63.6% of cases required intervention by the pharmacist at dispensing. The most common DRPs were DDIs (57.1%). In 24.3% of cases both renal impairment and DDIs were noted. 313 DDIs were recorded in 114 patients; in 24 patients, the interactions recorded were severe. In 3 patients (2.1%), Paxlovid® was prescribed despite being contraindicated due to severe renal impairment requiring pharmacist intervention.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that numerous DRPs involving Paxlovid® were identified by the pharmacist following prescribing. Pharmacists’ involvement in prescribing highly interacting drugs such as Paxlovid® is beneficial to enhance patient safety.
Augmented reality (AR) in microsurgical multimodal image guided focal pediatric epilepsy surgery. A technical note
Authors: Shawarba Julia , Tomschik Matthias , Wais Jonathan , Winter Fabian , Dorfer Christian , Mayer Florian , Feucht Martha , Roessler Karl 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Augmented reality (AR) is increasingly being used to improve surgical planning and assist in real time surgical procedures. A retrospective investigation was conducted to study its role in pediatric epilepsy surgery at a single institution.
Methods: Functional neuronavigation using multimodal imaging data (fMRI, DTI-tractography, PET, SPECT, sEEG) were used to augment the surgical navigation by transferring 3D imaging reconstructions as AR maps into the surgical microscope overlaying the surgical field.
Results: Altogether, 43 patients (17 female, 0-18 yrs, mean 9 yrs) were operated between 10/2020 and 10/2023 and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 26 patients (60.5%) had an extra-temporal and 17 (39.5%) a temporal seizure origin. The 3 top histological diagnoses were : FCD (32.6%), ganglioglioma (23.3%) and DNT (11.6%). Preoperative MRI studies showed no epileptogenic lesion in 11 patients (25.6%, MRI negativ group), which necessitated implantation of depth electrodes before resection. Altogether, of 25 patients with a follow up of more than one year, 83% displayed a favorable ILAE grade 1 seizure outcome (75% ILAE 1a). Altogether, 14% experienced a transient hemiparesis, 7% a quadrantanopia and one needed a subdural- peritoneal shunt.
Conclusion: AR supported microscope resection facilitated targeting and removal of lesional as well as non-lesional (sEEG defined) epileptogenic lesions in pediatric epilepsy surgery with low morbidity and a remarkably favourable seizure outcome.
Measurement Bias in Machine Learning-Enhanced Opioid Risk Scoring Systems
Authors: Wang Yun , Waston Drake , Wang Hao , Miotto Karen A. , Jose Kabir Snell , Varisco Tyler J. , Sambamoorthi Usha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Over the past two decades, Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs), augmented by machine learning-empowered clinical decision support (CDS) tools, have become essential in monitoring opioid prescriptions. The CDS tool employs proprietary algorithms to evaluate the risk associated with opioid prescribing. However, concerns have emerged regarding potential algorithmic biases that may disproportionately impact marginalized groups. Our analysis of California's PDMP data and ZIP code-based socio-demographic characteristics examined correlations between the common predictive features used in the CDS tools and sensitive attributes. Our findings indicated that predictive features might not favor females, White, Black, Native American, and Pacific Islander populations, older patients, neighborhoods with high percentages of disability and unemployment, and Medicare patients. Given the substantial influence of these CDS tools on prescribing practices, it is imperative to address these biases to ensure equitable access to pain management and to mitigate potential adverse effects on vulnerable patient populations.
Topical dexamethasone versus topical 10%lidocaine spray to reduce post-intubation sore throat in shoulder arthroscopic surgeries: A comparative study
Authors: abdalla Mona , attallah Hatem , salem Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Postoperative sore throat is one of the most common postoperative complaints and can decrease patient satisfaction. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of topical dexamethasone compared to 10% lidocaine spray in reducing post-intubation sore throats in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopic surgeries.
Methods
In this study, 100 patients scheduled for shoulder arthroscopy under general anesthesia were intubated and randomly allocated into two groups. For the first group, an endotracheal tube was soaked in 8 mg of dexamethasone before intubation, while for the second group, the tube was sprayed with 10% lidocaine. The severity of sore throat in both groups was evaluated at 1 hour and 6 hours after extubation.
Result
The study compared the post-operative sore throat levels between the dexamethasone and lidocaine groups, each with 50 participants. There were no significant differences in demographics or operation duration between the groups. One hour post-operation, the dexamethasone group reported significantly less sore throat, with lower mean (0.72 ± 0.83) and median (0.5, IQR 0.0–1.0) sore throat scores compared to the lidocaine group (mean: 1.48 ± 0.84; median: 2.0, IQR 1.0–2.0). Similarly, six hours post-operation, the dexamethasone group continued to report significantly lower sore throat levels (mean: 0.42 ± 0.61; median: 0.0, IQR 0.0–1.0) than the lidocaine group (mean: 0.72 ± 0.76; median: 1.0, IQR 0.0–1.0).
Conclusion
Topical dexamethasone was more effective than lidocaine in reducing postoperative sore throat.
Trial registration
Clinical trials number NO. NCT06266481 Date 04/01/2024 ({1}) ({1})(https//clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06266481)
An experimental rat model for simultaneous induction of peripheral neuropathy and myelotoxicity by docetaxel administration: evaluating the protective role of dimethyl fumarate
Authors: Cubides-Cely Sebastian , Negrette-Guzmán Mario 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Docetaxel is a taxane antineoplastic widely used against different types of cancer. However, its efficacy is limited mainly by its myelotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy with neutropenia and nociceptive alterations as the main clinical signs, respectively. These adverse effects undermine the quality of life of patients leading them to treatment withdrawal. In this study, we set up a unique preclinical scheme for induction of both effects associated with docetaxel administration, in such a way that we can evaluate them in the same animal and carry out future protection trials.
Methods
Four docetaxel administration schemes were tested varying dose and dosage. Four days after the last dose, behavioral/sensory paw pressure, tail pressure and hot plate tests were conducted. Next, euthanasia was performed, and blood was obtained for total cell count and other toxicological markers. Once the scheme that better showed significant alterations in both nociception and neutropenia was chosen, joint administration with 100 mg/kg/day oral dimethyl fumarate was carried out to evaluate its protective effect.
Results
A scheme with six doses (5 mg/kg) of docetaxel administered weekly was chosen for protection trials. Dimethyl fumarate showed protection in nociceptive tests compared to the damage group. However, it did not show protection against neutropenia.
Conclusion
The confirmed experimental model is clinically representative as it was designed for rats through equivalent data obtained from clinical assays. It was useful to evaluate the protective potential of dimethyl fumarate, showing how it could attenuate docetaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy, but not neutropenia.
KLF2 controls the apoptosis of neutrophils and is associated with disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zhao Hongshuai , Lin Zaichuan , Zhang Peiwen , Rao Jiayue , Xu Shumin , Luo Qing , Li Junming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Neutropenia is more common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is a major cause of life-threatening infections. The increased apoptosis of neutrophils is likely to be an essential cause of neutropenia in SLE. However, the detailed mechanisms of increased neutrophil apoptosis in SLE remain unknown. Recent evidence suggests that Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), a transcription factor associated with susceptibility to SLE, is likely to be a potential therapeutic target for SLE.
Methods
This study focused on the role of KLF2 in the regulation of neutrophil apoptosis and its association with SLE disease activity. First, the expression of KLF2 in neutrophils of SLE was detected by real-time PCR and western blotting. The apoptosis levels and caspase3 mRNA levels in neutrophils from SLE patients and healthy controls were detected and analyzed. The correlation between KLF2 mRNA levels and apoptosis was analyzed. neutrophils from Health controls (HCs) were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing the KLF2 inhibitor Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) or the KLF2 inducer geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor (GGTI-298), and then the KLF2 levels and the apoptosis levels were detected in neutrophils. Lastly, neutrophils from HCs were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing sera from SLE patients, followed by the detection of KLF2 mRNA levels and apoptosis levels of neutrophils. Then, the correlation between KLF2 mRNA levels and SLE disease activity index (SLEDIA) was analyzed.
Results
It was shown that the expression of KLF2 in neutrophils of SLE patients is significantly suppressed, and the decreased KLF2 is associated with the upregulation of neutrophil apoptosis. Moreover, newly diagnosed SLE patients, SLE patients with higher serum IgG and positive anti-Smith antibodies had lower KLF2 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that modulating the expression of KLF2 can regulate the apoptosis of neutrophils. The levels of KLF2 in neutrophils were associated with the SLEDIA. In addition, we found that serum from SLE patients could induce apoptosis in neutrophils by down-regulating the expression of KLF2.
Conclusion
In summary, we revealed for the first time that KLF2 can regulate the apoptosis of neutrophils in this study. Moreover, our research showed that the KLF2 levels in neutrophils are closely related to the disease activity of SLE, which suggests that KLF2 in neutrophils may be involved in the occurrence and development of SLE.
Effect of bread fortification with pomegranate peel powder on metabolic profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients: A randomized blind control trial
Authors: Zare Maryam , Rezaei Atefe , Karimifar Mozhgan , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad , Saraf-Bank Sahar , Goli Sayed Amir Hossein , Amani Reza 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Among the leading causes of mortality in the world is type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and diet plays an important role in T2DM risk factors. A primary objective of this study was to explore the effects of pomegranate peel powder (PPP) fortified bread on glycemic control, lipid profile, and anthropometric indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Methods
The PPP was added to the bread by adding 0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 5 percent. We measured phenol content using Folin-Ciocalteu and antioxidant activity using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Ninety participants were allocated to a randomized parallel controlled intervention study and the effect of consuming 100 g/day of bread with PPP (3.5%) on glycemic markers, lipid profile, and anthropometrics was assessed.
Results
No significant effects of bread with PPP intake compared with the control bread were observed on anthropometric, blood pressure, glycemic, and lipid markers after adjusting age, sex, and change in calorie.
Conclusions
Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the preventive roles of PPP on diabetes metabolic complications.
Trial Registration:
IRCT20191209045672N1 is the trial ID in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. Date of registration 21/09/2020. https://en.irct.ir/trial/48132.
Successful Treatment of Autochthonous Aemonella orientalis Pneumonia in an HIV-Infected Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Li Ru , Chai Zhi , Yang Jingkai , Fan Yucheng , Shi Jieran 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

A case of an HIV-infected patient was admitted to the respiratory department presenting with cough, yellow and white sputum, and fever. Chest imaging revealed infectious lesions in both lungs. Examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid using next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified Aemonella orientalis and pulmonary pathology confirmed the presence of fungal spores, indicating a fungal infection. The patient underwent approximately 8 weeks of progressive treatment with liposomal amphotericin B, followed by oral voriconazole tablets, resulting in significant resolution of the chest infection.
Radiological outcomes according to Matta radiographic criteria after surgical fixation of acetabular fracture.
Authors: Durrani Muhammad Younus Khan , Ali Usman , Jameel Zaigham , Umer Masood 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background.
Acetabular fractures, a rising concern in developing countries, pose a significant challenge due to their complexity and association with post-operative complications. Often caused by high-energy mechanisms like falls and motor vehicle accidents, these fractures require accurate reduction to prevent long-term issues and potential need for hip replacement. This study investigates the radiological outcomes of acetabular fracture surgery at six months, focusing on the effectiveness of achieving anatomical reduction using the Matta criteria in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) setting.
Methods and material.
This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Pakistan from May 2023 to December 2023, with ethical approval. Patients with isolated acetabular fractures were recruited. Preoperative X-rays and CT scans classified fractures using the Judet and Letournel Classification. Six-month postoperative X-rays were assessed using Matta radiographic criteria. Appropriate statistical analysis was deployed with a significance level set at p < 0. 05.
Results
A total of 33 cases met the study criteria, with an average patient age of 43.2 years. Males constituted 87.9% of the cases. Longer hospital stays were associated with poorer outcomes (p < 0.001). Fracture patterns were significant predictors of outcomes (p < 0.001). Six months post-surgery, 45.5% of patients had excellent results, 24.2% had good results, and 15.2% each had fair and poor results according to the Matta radiographic criteria. Avascular necrosis (AVN) developed in 9.1% of patients. Of the ten patients with femoral head dislocation, only one developed AVN
Conclusion.
This LMIC-based study investigated factors affecting outcomes in patients with acetabular fractures treated using ORIF. We found a younger patient population compared to high-income countries, and injury patterns suggested a link to the local environment (e.g., traffic accidents). Optimizing hospital stay and timely surgery improved radiological outcomes as assessed by Matta criteria. While limitations exist, the study supports using Matta criteria in LMICs. Future research with larger, multicenter designs incorporating function is needed. Importantly, our findings highlight the need for a new LMIC-specific classification system considering factors like comminution and femoral head dislocation to improve surgical planning and outcomes.