bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of charcoal produced using micro gasification and how the new cook stove works in rural Kenya
Authors: Njenga Mary , Mahmoud Yahia , Mendum Ruth , Iiyama Miyuki , Jamnadass Ramni , de Nowina Kristina Roing , Sundberg Cecilia 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Wood based energy is the main source of cooking and heating fuel in Sub-Saharan Africa. Its use rises as the population increases. Inefficient cook stoves result in fuel wastage and health issues associated with smoke in the kitchen. As users are poor women, they tend not to be consulted on cook stove development, hence the need for participatory development of efficient woodfuel cooking systems. This paper presents the findings of a study carried out in Embu, Kenya to assess energy use efficiency and concentrations of carbon monoxide and fine particulate matter from charcoal produced using gasifier cook stoves, compared to conventional wood charcoal. Charcoal made from Grevillea robusta prunings, Zea mays cob (maize cob) and Cocos nucifera (coconut shells) had calorific values of 26.5 kJ g−1, 28.7 kJ g−1 and 31.7 kJ g−1 respectively, which are comparable to conventional wood charcoal with calorific values of 33.1 kJ g−1. Cooking with firewood in a gasifier cook stove and use of the resultant charcoal as by-product to cook another meal in a conventional charcoal stove saved 41% of the amount of fuel compared to cooking with firewood in the traditional three stone open fire. Cooking with firewood based on G. robusta prunings in the traditional open fire resulted in a concentration of fine particulate matter of 2600 μg m−3, which is more than 100 times greater than from cooking with charcoal made from G. robusta prunings in a gasifier. Thirty five percent of households used the gasifier for cooking dinner and lunch, and cooks preferred using it for food that took a short time to prepare. Although the gasifier cook stove is energy and emission efficient there is a need for it to be developed further to better suit local cooking preferences. The energy transition in Africa will have to include cleaner and more sustainable wood based cooking systems.
Is Area‐Wide Pest Management Useful? The Case of Citrus Greening
Authors: Singerman Ariel , Lence Sergio H , Useche Pilar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCitrus greening currently poses a severe threat to citrus production worldwide because no treatment or management strategy is yet available to cure the disease. Scientists recommend controlling the vector of the disease, and area‐wide pest management has been proposed as a superior alternative to individual pest management. We analyzed a unique dataset of farm‐level citrus yields that allowed us to test this hypothesis. We found that yields of blocks located in an area with higher participation in coordinated sprays were 28%, 73%, and 98% higher in 2012/13, 2013/14, and 2014/15, respectively, compared to the yields of blocks under the same management but located in an area with lower participation. These results provide evidence on the efficiency of a well‐performing pest management area to deal with citrus greening. However, participation in Citrus Health Management Areas has not been commensurate with this evidence. We present survey data that provide insights about producers’ preferences and attitudes toward the area‐wide pest management program. Despite the economic benefit we found area‐wide pest management can provide, the strategic uncertainty involved in relying on neighbors seems to impose too high of a cost for most growers, who end up not coordinating sprays.
IRTF/TEXES observations of the H ii regions H1 and H2 in the Galactic Centre
Authors: Dong Hui , Lacy John H. , Schödel Rainer , Nogueras-Lara Francisco , Gallego-Calvente Teresa , Mauerhan Jon , Wang Q. Daniel , Cotera Angela , Gallego-Cano Eulalia 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We present new [Ne ii] (12.8 μm) IRTF/TEXES observations of the Galactic Center H ii regions H1 and H2, which are at a projected distance of ∼11 pc from the centre of the Galaxy. The new observations allow us to map the radial velocity distributions of ionized gas. The high spectroscopic resolution (∼4 km s−1) helps us to disentangle different velocity components and enables us to resolve previous ambiguity regarding the nature of these sources. The spatial distributions of the intensity and radial velocity of the [Ne ii] line are mapped. In H1, the intensity distributions of the Paschen-α (1.87 μm) and [Ne ii] lines are significantly different, which suggests a strong variation of extinction across the H ii region of AK ∼ 0.56. The radial velocity distributions across these H ii regions are consistent with the predictions of a bow-shock model for H1 and the pressure-driven model for H2. Furthermore, we find a concentration of bright stars in H2. These stars have similar H − Ks colours and can be explained as part of a 2-Myr-old stellar cluster. H2 also falls on the orbit of the molecular clouds, suggested to be around Sgr A*. Our new results confirm what we had previously suggested: The O supergiant P114 in H1 is a runaway star, moving towards us through the −30 to 0 km s−1 molecular cloud, whereas the O If star P35 in H2 formed in situ, and may mark the position of a so-far unknown small star cluster formed within the central 30 pc of the Galaxy.
An automatic approach to exclude interlopers from asteroid families
Authors: Radović Viktor , Novaković Bojan , Carruba Valerio , Marčeta Dušan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Asteroid families are a valuable source of information to many asteroid-related researches, assuming a reliable list of their members could be obtained. However, as the number of known asteroids increases fast it becomes more and more difficult to obtain a robust list of members of an asteroid family. Here, we are proposing a new approach to deal with the problem, based on the well-known hierarchical clustering method. An additional step in the whole procedure is introduced in order to reduce a so-called chaining effect. The main idea is to prevent chaining through an already identified interloper. We show that in this way a number of potential interlopers among family members is significantly reduced. Moreover, we developed an automatic online-based portal to apply this procedure, i.e. to generate a list of family members as well as a list of potential interlopers. The Asteroid Families Portal is freely available to all interested researchers.
Thinking about Crime Prevention
Authors: Gilling Dan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
On the basis of a brief historical sweep of developments in crime prevention in England and Wales, and of an examination of some specific examples of contestation, this article presents the argument that crime prevention is in essence a political matter, notwithstanding the desires of many who would wish to understand it in purely technical or scientific terms. It is suggested that practitioners need to appreciate and engage with the political nature of crime prevention in order to succeed in their pursuit of a path towards effective practice.
Redistribution and Group Participation: Experimental Evidence from Africa and the UK
Authors: Fafchamps Marcel , Hill Ruth Vargas 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We investigate whether the prospect of redistribution hinders the formation of efficiency-enhancing groups. We conduct an experiment in a Kenyan slum, Ugandan villages, and a UK university town. We test, in an anonymous setting with no feedback, whether subjects join a group that increases their endowment but exposes them to one of three redistributive actions: stealing, giving, or burning. We find that exposure to redistributive options among group members operates as a disincentive to join a group. This finding obtains under all three treatments—including when the pressure to redistribute is intrinsic. However the nature of the redistribution affects the magnitude of the impact. Giving has the least impact on the decision to join a group, while forced redistribution through stealing or burning acts as a much larger deterrent to group membership. These findings are common across all three subject pools, but African subjects are particularly reluctant to join a group in the burning treatment, indicating strong reluctance to expose themselves to destruction by others.
An update on lupus animal models
Authors: Li Wei , Titov Anton A. , Morel Laurence 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
The complexity and heterogeneity of the clinical presentation in systemic lupus of erythematosus (SLE), combined to the inherent limitations of clinical research, have made it difficult to investigate the cause of this disease directly in patients. Various mouse models have been developed to dissect the cellular and genetic mechanisms of SLE, as well as to identify therapeutic targets and to screen treatments. The purpose of this review is to summarize the major spontaneous and induced mouse models of SLE and to provide an update on the major advances they have contributed to the field.

Recent findings
Mouse models of SLE have continued to contribute to understand the cellular, signaling and metabolic mechanisms contributing to the disease and how targeting these pathways can provide therapeutic targets. Whenever possible, we discuss the advantage of using one model over the others to test a specific hypothesis.

Summary
Spontaneous and induced models of lupus models are useful tools for the study of the cause of the disease, identify therapeutic targets and screen treatments in preclinical studies. Each model shares specific subsets of attributes with the disease observed in humans, which provides investigators a tool to tailor to their specific needs.
Cost-Utility Analysis of Reconstruction Compared With Primary Amputation for Patients With Severe Lower Limb Trauma in Colombia
Authors: Ceballos Mateo , Valderrama Carlos O. , Orozco Luis E. , Sánchez Laura , Valderrama Juan P. , Lugo Luz H. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
To establish, from the health system perspective, the cost-utility relationship of limb reconstruction compared with primary amputation for patients older than 32 years with grade IIIB and IIIC severe lower limb trauma in Colombia, S.A.

Methods:
A Markov model was built including different short-term and long-term states that represent the main events that a patient could experience after a lower limb amputation or a reconstruction. A 42-year time horizon was considered for the base case. Transition probabilities were obtained from a systematic review of the clinical literature. The health outcome selected was the quality-adjusted life years. Costs were determined by expert consensus using the standard case methodology, and valuation of resources was conducted with national-level pricing manuals. Deterministic sensitivity, scenarios, and probabilistic analyses were conducted.

Results:
In the base case, the reconstruction of the limb compared with primary amputation was a dominant strategy; that is, reconstruction provides more quality-adjusted life years at a lower cost. This result changed only when the time horizon was less than 6 years or when the probability of a secondary amputation was >65%.

Conclusions:
Limb reconstruction is a dominant strategy compared with primary amputation, which is a conclusion that holds in most scenarios this study examined. Therefore, it should be considered in patients who, according to the clinical criteria and the severity and characteristics of their trauma, can benefit from this technique.

Level of Evidence:
Economic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Any Cortical Bridging Predicts Healing of Supracondylar Femur Fractures After Treatment With Locked Plating
Authors: Strotman Patrick K. , Karunakar Madhav A. , Seymour Rachel , Lack William D. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives:
To determine the accuracy and reliability of radiographic cortical bridging criteria in predicting the final healing of supracondylar femur fractures after treatment with locked plating.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Two Level 1 trauma centers.

Patients/Participants:
Patients who presented with supracondylar femur fractures (OTA/AO 33A, C) and were treated with locking plate fixation between January 1, 2004, and January 1, 2011. The final study population included 82 fractures after excluding patients with open physes (n = 4), nondisplaced fractures (n = 4), early revision for technical failure (n = 4), or inadequate follow-up (n = 42).

Intervention:
Distal femur locking plate fixation.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Postoperative radiographs until final follow-up were assessed for cortical bridging at each cortex on anterior–posterior and lateral views. Images were analyzed independently by 3 orthopaedic traumatologists to allow for assessment of reliability. Final determination of union required both radiographic and clinical confirmation.

Results:
Assessment for any cortical bridging was the earliest accurate predictor of final union (95.1% accuracy at 4 months postoperatively), compared with criteria requiring bicortical bridging (93.9% accuracy at 6 months) and tricortical bridging (78% accuracy at 21 months). Any cortical bridging demonstrated a higher interobserver reliability (kappa = 0.73) relative to bicortical (kappa = 0.27) or tricortical bridging (kappa = 0.5).

Conclusions:
Our results for plate fixation of supracondylar distal femur fractures mirror those previously described for intramedullary nailing of tibia shaft fractures. Any radiographic cortical bridging by 4 months postoperatively is an accurate and reliable predictor of final healing outcome after locking plate fixation of supracondylar femur fractures. Assessment for bicortical or tricortical bridging is less reliable and inaccurate during the first postoperative year.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Diagnostic Criteria in Intraepithelial Pagetoid Neoplasms: A Histopathologic Study and Evaluation of Select Features in Paget Disease, Bowen Disease, and Melanoma In Situ
Authors: Elbendary Amira , Xue Ruzeng , Valdebran Manuel , Torres Kara Melissa T. , Parikh Kruti , Elattar Inas , Kwon Eun Ji , Elston Dirk M. 
Published: May 2017

Background:Paget disease, Bowen disease, and malignant melanoma in situ are intraepidermal neoplasms, characterized by the presence of pagetoid scatter of atypical cells in the epidermis. This study reviewed the frequency of select histologic criteria to validate their usefulness in the histologic distinction between these entities.Methods:One hundred forty-four specimens with the diagnosis of Bowen disease, 144 specimens with Paget disease (mammary and extramammary), and 144 specimens with malignant melanoma in situ were examined microscopically to define frequencies of select histologic criteria present in each disease.Results:Comparison between mammary Paget and extramammary Paget disease showed no significant differences in the features studied. Crushing of basal keratinocytes, presence of atypical cells in the corneum, and presence of large cells with amphophilic cytoplasm were significantly noted in Paget disease. Transition between the atypical clear cells and surrounding keratinocytes was absent in all cases of melanoma in situ and in 87 (60.4%) cases of Paget disease, but it was significantly associated with Bowen disease (98.6%). Dyskeratotic cells were significantly associated with Bowen disease cases.Conclusion:Our study demonstrated a practical histologic approach to differentiate between intraepidermal pagetoid neoplasms. Careful histologic study of the proposed criteria may reduce reliance on immunohistochemical stains.
Metastatic Melanoma With Papillary Features: A Mimic and Possible Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: Valero-Torres Alberto , Prieto Victor G. , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Torres-Cabala Carlos A. , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Curry Jonathan L. , Ivan Doina , Aung Phyu P. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract:Papillary and pseudopapillary features are histopathologic findings typically associated with carcinomas (thyroid, pancreas, breast, prostate, bladder, kidney, or ovary) or mesothelioma. Melanoma is typically composed of nested and variably pigmented atypical cells. Here, we report a case of in-transit metastasis of melanoma presenting with prominent papillary features, and we discuss the differential diagnoses of neoplasms with papillary features. This case report suggests that the spectrum of neoplasms with papillary features should be expanded to include melanoma, a pattern that, to the best of our knowledge, is uncommon.
PARAFOVEAL MICROVASCULAR FEATURES ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN EYES WITH CIRCUMSCRIBED CHOROIDAL HEMANGIOMA
Authors: Sioufi Kareem , Say Emil A. T. , Ferenczy Sandor C. , Shields Carol L. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate parafoveal microvasculature in eyes with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Methods:
Fourteen eyes with unilateral circumscribed choroidal hemangioma were imaged using OCT for central macular thickness and optical coherence tomography angiography for superficial and deep foveal avascular zone area, and superficial and deep capillary density (CD), comparing affected and paired fellow eyes.

Results:
Mean patient age was 53 years, and mean visual acuity was 20/60 in the involved eye and 20/25 in the fellow eye. In the affected eye, clinical findings included cystoid macular edema (CME) in 1, parafoveal/subfoveal subretinal fluid (SRF) in three, and both CME and SRF in two eyes. OCT revealed current CME/SRF in six eyes, and normal foveal contour in eight eyes, among which five never demonstrated OCT evidence of CME or SRF. By OCT (affected vs. fellow eye), mean central macular thickness was greater in affected eyes (312 vs. 264 μm, P = 0.042). By optical coherence tomography angiography, there was no difference in superficial foveal avascular zone (P = 0.327), deep foveal avascular zone (P = 0.563), and superficial CD (P = 0.159), but mean deep plexus CD was reduced in affected eyes (50% vs. 54%, P = 0.010). Subgroup analysis showed that eyes with previous or current CME and/or SRF had reduced deep plexus CD (53% vs. 57%, P = 0.005), while eyes without previous/current CME/SRF had similar deep plexus CD (P = 0.399) compared with fellow eyes.

Conclusion:
Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma generally does not affect parafoveal inner retinal microvasculature. However, a reduction in deep plexus CD can be expected in eyes with previous or current CME/SRF.
Gastrointestinal manifestations of pelvic floor disorders in adolescents: a diagnostic framework for the general practitioner
Authors: Pai Anita Kochikar , Ballal Sonia Arora 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) can present with gastrointestinal complaints in the adolescent patient, and identification of PFDs is aided by clues in the history and physical examination apparent to the knowledgeable clinician. The aim of this article is to provide a framework for the diagnostic evaluation of the adolescent patient with a PFD and introduce management strategies.

Recent findings
Patients with PFDs can present with gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, constipation, incomplete evacuation, and fecal incontinence or nongastrointestinal complaints around genitourinary symptoms or sexual health. Although such symptoms can be attributed to a variety of diagnoses, PFDs should be considered in the adolescent patient based on history and physical examination findings, including a careful digital rectal examination. Adolescent patients in high-risk groups may be especially susceptible to PFDs. Such groups include postpartum women, victims of sexual abuse, those with congenital anorectal malformations, or acquired spinal cord or pelvic floor injuries. Biofeedback can be beneficial in patients with PFDs.

Summary
PFDs may present with a spectrum of symptoms, but a familiarity with the clinical characteristics and understanding of the digital rectal examination may guide the skillful clinician in diagnosis, initial management, and subspecialist referral if needed.
The Cancer Worry Scale Revised for Breast Cancer Genetic Counseling
Authors: Caruso Anita , Vigna Cristina , Gremigni Paola 
Published: May 2017

Background:
The Cancer Worry Scale was revised to be used in breast cancer genetic counseling (CWS-GC). This scale is used to identify dimensions that are relevant in the genetic counseling context, such as worry about developing breast cancer, impact of worries on daily life, and risk perception in women attending a counseling session for BRCA1/2 mutations.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to estimate the psychometric properties of the CWS-GC in a sample of Italian women.

Methods:
A total of 304 women aged 19 to 90 years, 58% with history and 42% with no history of breast or ovarian cancer, participated in the study. Validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change of the CWS-GC were assessed.

Results:
Confirmatory factor analysis suggested a 2-factor structure of the CWS-GC measuring cancer worry and risk perception and with Cronbach’s α coefficients of .90 and .70, respectively. Criterion validity was attested by substantial yet not overlapping correlations with anxiety and fear of medical procedures. In a subsample of 50 women, test-retest reliability at a 4-week interval ranged from 0.70 to 0.87, and the CWS-GC was able to detect small to medium changes 1 month after genetic counseling.

Conclusions:
Overall, the CWS-GC showed good psychometric characteristics in this population.

Implications for Practice:
The CWS-GC would be appropriate for use by healthcare professionals to better understand how women react and adapt to information on genetic cancer risk to provide them with emotional support and encourage surveillance behaviors.
Defining Quality of Rheumatolgic Care: Argentina
Authors: Soriano Enrique R. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Health care system in Argentina is highly fragmented and disconnected. Argentina’s health system is divided into 3 major nonintegrated subsystems as follows: public subsystem, financed through taxes; the social security subsystem, financed through obligatory insurance schemes; and the private subsystem, financed through voluntary insurance. There are approximately 800 rheumatologists in Argentina, serving a population of approximately 40 million people, representing approximately 1.8 rheumatologists per 100.000 inhabitants; however, most of them are concentrated in large cities, and patients need to travel several hours to reach a specialist. Although the health care system in Argentina is highly fragmented and disconnected, health coverage is universal, accessible, and of good quality. Quality or value assessment of care and use of electronic medical records are not part of the system in Argentina, and there does not appear they would be in the near future.