bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incubation with Cu(II) and Zn(II) salts enhances MALDI‐TOF mass spectra of amyloid‐beta and α‐synuclein toward in vivo analysis
Authors: Kelley Andrea R. , Colley Madeline E. , Perry George , Bach Stephan B.H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInsoluble senile plaque aggregates are indicative of Alzheimer's disease pathology. A similar phenomenon occurs in Parkinson's disease with the build‐up of Lewy bodies. The analysis of senile plaques, and other brain samples, from Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease patients by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry has advantages but also presents obstacles because of the nature of the processes utilized in isolation procedures and storage. Salts, buffers, and detergents necessary in the isolation of biological species may cause adducts and ion suppression that convolute the spectra obtained. We previously determined that amyloid‐beta from isolated senile plaque deposits fragment similarly to the synthetic 40 and 42 amino acid peptide when analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. In addition, α‐synuclein also fragments predictably by in‐source decay. This provides information that may be applied to the identification and localization of amyloid‐beta and α‐synuclein in senile plaques and intact tissue sections. Ion suppression must still be accounted for when analyzing biological samples, which makes identifying fragments at lower abundance difficult. The addition of certain transition‐metal salts (Cu(II), Zn(II)) to the sample prior to analysis serves to “clean” the spectra and allow the peptide fragments produced to be observed with a much higher signal to noise and occasionally, improved resolution. We present a systematic study of incubation with different metal salts and their impact on the quality of the spectra, as well as the role of the binding of the metals to the model biological compounds, obtained for synthetic amyloid‐beta, synthetic α‐synuclein, and isolated senile plaques. The optimized sample preparation methods presented will provide for simpler and more thorough identification of these biologically relevant species in human‐derived samples.
A temperature‐dependent surface potential‐based algorithm for extraction of threshold voltage in homojunction TFETs
Authors: Goswami Rupam , Bhowmick Brinda 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an algorithm to extract threshold voltage in homojunction tunnel field effect transistors (TFETs). Single gate TFET and double gate TFET are the geometries which are considered for verification of the method. Firstly, a generalized model of surface potential based on 2D Poisson equation for homojunction TFETs is developed. Secondly, the algorithm involves a number of geometrical operations on surface potential plots, which are performed computationally. From the plots of surface potential and the geometrical constructions, a parameter, range_point, is defined through mathematical formulations. The threshold voltage is determined by subjecting the range_point to a set of constraints which are found to be same for both the devices. The validity of the algorithm is confirmed by considering different parameters like drain voltage, gate oxide thickness, and temperature for both low‐k and high‐k gate dielectric materials in TFETs. The temperature variation is validated for a heterojunction TFET too using the same generalized model of surface potential.
Development, evolution and drainage of glacial Lake Naskaupi during the deglaciation of north‐central Quebec and Labrador
Authors: DUBÉ‐LOUBERT HUGO , ROY MARTIN 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTDeglaciation of north‐central Quebec and Labrador led to the development of large ice‐dammed lakes in river valleys surrounding Ungava Bay. These lakes are poorly understood due to uncertainties in the regional pattern of ice retreat. Lake Naskaupi occupied the George River valley where systematic mapping of glacial landforms and extensive elevation measurements of shorelines reveal a complex history characterized by multiple lake levels. Our reconstruction documents three well‐defined lake levels marking extensive lake stages. Additional lake levels are poorly developed and relate to short‐lived, transient lake stages. During its main stage (N2′), Lake Naskaupi consisted of two separate basins that evolved independently for some time. This configuration resulted from the persistence of cold‐based ice conditions during the deglaciation that caused the retreating ice margin to remain in the middle section of the river valley. The presence of this ice dam is supported by large‐scale outburst flood deposits that record the abrupt drainage of the southern Naskaupi basin. The magnitude of the elevation changes between the remaining lower lake levels suggests the occurrence of at least one other major drawdown before the final lake drainage. Reconstruction of the N2′ lake stage provides a minimum meltwater volume estimate for the lake.
Cover Image, Volume 97, Issue 15
Authors: Ventura‐Aguilar Rosa Isela , Bosquez‐Molina Elsa , Bautista‐Baños Silvia , Rivera‐Cabrera Fernando 
Published: November 2017

The cover image, by Rosa Isela Ventura‐Aguilar et al., is based on the Review Cactus stem (Opuntia ficus‐indica Mill): anatomy, physiology and chemical composition with emphasis on its biofunctional properties, DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8493.
image
3D Micro‐Printing Goes Macro
Authors: Rodríguez Sofía , Frölich Andreas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn 1997, Satoshi Kawata and his colleagues from the Osaka University in Japan introduced a revolutionary method for three‐dimensional microfabrication based on two‐photon polymerization (2PP) [1]. Today, this 3D direct laser writing technique allows for building nano‐, micro‐ and millimeter‐sized objects of almost any desired shape with easy processes along a classical 3D printing workflow. 2PP uses photopolymerizable resins as printable matter. For this purpose, tailor‐made 2PP resins have been designed. They target needs ranging from nanometer resolution printing to reduced aberration patterning and smooth surface finishes. However, when deciding on mesoscale fabrication, the right choice of 3D printing technique is not evident. A novel, tailor‐made resin provides a viable approach for rapid 3D printing on the mesoscale.
Sequence Controlled Polymers from a Novel β‐Cyclodextrin Core
Authors: Abdouni Yamin , Yilmaz Gökhan , Becer C. Remzi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this work the synthesis and use of a novel β‐cyclodextrin‐based single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) initiator are reported. Three different approaches toward the synthesis of this initiator, based on several “click”‐like reactions (copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition, nucleophilic thiol‐ene reaction, and radical thiol‐ene reaction), are explored and discussed. Synthesis via radical thiol‐ene proves to be most successful in achieving this. The β‐cyclodextrin‐based initiator is subsequently used for the polymerization of several acrylates in a controlled fashion, yielding 7‐arm multiblock copolymers. The achieved sequence‐controlled polymers exhibit low dispersities (≤1.12) and are completed under 6.5 h at high monomer conversion (≥95%) for each block.
Asymptotic approximation for the solution to a semilinear parabolic problem in a thin star‐shaped junction
Authors: Klevtsovskiy Arsen , Mel'nyk Taras 
Published: November 2017

A semilinear parabolic problem is considered in a thin 3‐D star‐shaped junction that consists of several thin curvilinear cylinders that are joined through a domain (node) of diameter
The purpose is to study the asymptotic behavior of the solution uε as ε→0, ie, when the star‐shaped junction is transformed in a graph. In addition, the passage to the limit is accompanied by special intensity factors
and
in nonlinear perturbed Robin boundary conditions.We establish qualitatively different cases in the asymptotic behavior of the solution depending on the value of the parameters {αi}and {βi}. Using the multiscale analysis, the asymptotic approximation for the solution is constructed and justified as the parameter ε→0. Namely, in each case, we derive the limit problem (ε=0)on the graph with the corresponding Kirchhoff transmission conditions (untypical in some cases) at the vertex,   define other terms of the asymptotic approximation and prove appropriate asymptotic estimates that justify these coupling conditions at the vertex, and show the impact of the local geometric heterogeneity of the node and physical processes in the node on some properties of the solution.
The Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry: Proposal for a polytomous scoring system
Authors: Gómez‐Benito Juana , Berrío Ángela I. , Guilera Georgina , Rojo Emilio , Purdon Scot , Pino Oscar 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry is a simple, fast, and easy to administer scale that has been validated in clinical and community samples. The aim of this study was to propose a polytomous scoring system for the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry and to demonstrate its functioning, thus providing new and complementary information regarding the utility and precision of this screening tool. Three hundred seventy‐six Spanish patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder were evaluated. A polytomous scoring system was generated and analyzed by means of the partial credit model. Category assessment revealed optimal functioning after collapsing the 7‐category system to 1 with either 5 or 4 categories, depending on the item. The proposed polytomous scoring system shows good psychometric properties and an adequate fit to the partial credit model. These results provide further confirmation of the test's utility in clinical settings and of its suitability for detecting cognitive impairment.
In silico size selection is effective in reducing false positive NIPS cases of monosomy X that are due to maternal mosaic monosomy X
Authors: Shubina Jekaterina , Trofimov Dmitry Yu , Barkov Ilya Yu , Stupko Olga K. , Goltsov Andrey Yu , Mukosey Irina S. , Tetruashvili Nana K. , Kim Lyudmila V. , Bakharev Vladimir A. , Karetnikova Natalia A. , Kochetkova Taisya O. , Krasheninnikova Regina V. , Bystritskiy Andrey A. , Sukhikh Gennady T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to establish maternal contribution to false positive noninvasive prenatal DNA screening (NIPS) results and develop the method to distinguish maternal and fetal origin of high‐risk monosomy X NIPS calls including mosaic maternal cases.MethodA total of 906 women carrying singleton pregnancies have been recruited. Maternal plasma DNA semiconductor massive parallel sequencing was performed to detect common aneuploidies. For the case of high monosomy X risk call, analysis method to distinguish fetal and maternal monosomy X has been additionally applied.ResultsAccording to NIPS results, 18 patients had a high risk of fetal monosomy X. In 11 (61%) cases, fetal aneuploidy was confirmed by karyotyping. Other 7 cases were false positives. In 3 out of 7 cases, additional analysis based on in silico size selection was allowed to assume maternal monosomy X. In these cases, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed mosaic monosomy X in maternal blood cells.ConclusionThe prevalence of mosaic monosomy X karyotype is 0.3% (3/906)—10 times higher than published before. Additional in silico size‐selection and data analysis increases PPV for monosomy X from 61% to 73% for studied population.
Fetal growth standards in gastroschisis: Reference values for ultrasound measurements
Authors: Barbieri Mariane Massaini , Bennini João Renato , Nomura Marcelo Luís , Morais Sirlei Siani , Surita Fernanda Garanhani 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to create growth curves based on ultrasonography biometric parameters of fetuses with gastroschisis, comparing them with normal growth standards, and to analyze umbilical artery (UA) Doppler velocimetry patterns.MethodsA cohort study of 72 fetuses with gastroschisis, at gestational ages between 14 and 39 weeks was designed. Mean and standard deviation were calculated, with the 5th, 10th, 50th, 90th, and 95th centiles being established for biometric parameters according to gestational age. Curves were obtained, comparing with normal reference via the Mann‐Whitney test. UA Doppler velocimetry patterns were obtained.ResultsA total of 434 examinations were performed, and centiles were established for biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight. A significant difference was observed between the gastroschisis measurements when compared to control, with all curves shifted downwards. Abdominal circumference was the parameter presenting the largest difference. Estimated fetal weight was also lower, with mean difference of 256.3 ± 166.8 g for the 50th centile (P < .0001). UA Doppler velocimetry was normal in 97.5%.ConclusionsFetuses with gastroschisis show symmetrical growth deficits in the second and third trimesters, with normal UA Doppler velocimetry. These results reinforce the hypothesis that they are constitutionally smaller, yet not restricted because of placental insufficiency.
Molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition
Authors: Muchová Eva , Bezek Michal , Suchan Jiří , Cibulka Radek , Slavíček Petr 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTriplet state mechanism of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition forming a cyclobutane ring from two ethylenes is investigated in the context of photocatalysis. High‐level ab initio calculations are combined with ab initio adiabatic molecular dynamics and ab initio metadynamics for rare events modeling. In a photocatalytic scheme, a reactant reaches the triplet state either via intersystem crossing (ISC) or triplet sensitization. The model system adopts a biradical structure, which represents energy intersection with the ground state. The system either completes cyclization or undergoes fragmentation into two olefinic units. The potential and free energy surfaces of the cyclobutane/ethylenes system are mapped with multireference approaches describing possible reaction pathways. To obtain a full picture of a double bond photoreactivity, ab initio adiabatic dynamical calculations were used to estimate reaction yields and to model the effects of excess energy. The potential use of density functional theory based approaches for [2 + 2] photocycloaddition was investigated for future simulations and design of realistic photocatalytic systems. Dynamical aspects of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition via a triplet state manifold are investigated by combining ab initio multireference methods and ab initio molecular dynamics and metadynamics. The reaction pathways are studied for a model system of two ethylenes forming a cyclobutane ring to provide a basis for further studies on design of photocatalytic systems.
Open at birth? Why new firms do (or don’t) use open innovation
Authors: Greul Anne , West Joel , Bock Simon 
Published: November 2017

Research SummaryOpen innovation is about firms harnessing knowledge flows across firm boundaries, but limited research has examined the nature and antecedents of these flows for start‐up firms, as well as the interdependence of inbound and outbound flows. From a new sample of start‐up firms making 3D printers, we show how their degree of openness for inbound and outbound knowledge flows relates to the firms’ initial capabilities and founding intentions. From this, we suggest that the patterns of openness are influenced more by initial factor endowments than a firm‐specific process of emergent strategy development.Managerial SummaryInnovative firms often face trade‐offs between open and proprietary strategies, particularly in industries and segments where online communities and other collaborations provide a pool of shared knowledge for the entire industry. This study illuminates these trade‐offs by comparing the choices made by the founders of 3D printer manufacturers. For products based on modular systems, it shows the range of choices that firms have on their degree of inbound openness (using external technology) and outbound openness (sharing their own technology)—as well as the interdependencies of these choices. Finally, it points to long‐term implications of early entrepreneurial decisions: firms that leverage external technology can enter markets more quickly, but their innovation options will be limited unless they have capabilities for proprietary innovation.
The effect of plasma treatment on the mechanical behavior of UHMWPE fiber–reinforced thermoplastic HDPE composite
Authors: He Runqin , Niu Fenglian , Chang Qiuxiang 
Published: November 2017

Ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers have been modified by plasma treatment to increase adhesion in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) matrices. Results showed that surface roughness predominates for modified UHMWPE fibers, indicating that the plasma treatment favors the interaction with HDPE. Unmodified HDPE composite samples gave a lower interlaminar shear strength than did the samples that were incorporated with UHMWPE. The addition of unmodified UHMWPE fibers to the neat HDPE significantly increases interlaminar shear strengths of composites, up to 20 vol%. The oxygen concentration increased from 16.16 %to 21.99%, and the ratio of oxygen to carbon atoms increased significantly from 0.194 to 0.284 after oxygen plasma treatment for 5 minutes with a power of 300 W.
Determining the preload in preloaded bolt assemblies in existing steel structures
Authors: de Vries Peter , Nijgh Martin , Veljkovic Milan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPreloaded bolts are used to achieve slip‐resistant shear connections. The actual preload force in each bolt has a direct influence on the fatigue and slip resistance of the connection. The strain gauge method is examined for practical assessment of the actual preload because its use is no longer limited by the demands on adhesive curing conditions. The main objective of the paper is to describe how measured strain in the bolt shank and statistical variation of the nominal mechanical and geometrical properties of the bolt are used to determine the actual bolt preload without calibrating every single bolt. The calibration factors established by laboratory and in situ measurements exhibit rather small scatter. The minimum bolt preload required is achieved with a 95 % probability of being exceeded in a bolted connection on a Dutch highway bridge (Middachterbrug).
Preload losses in stainless steel bolting assemblies
Authors: Afzali Nariman , Pilhagen Johan , Manninen Timo , Schedin Erik , Stranghöner Natalie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStainless steel material is a suitable choice for modern steel constructions as it has a high resistance to corrosion combined with high material strength and ductility. Furthermore, its use leads to significant reductions in maintenance. In this frame, bolted connections made of stainless steel components become more and more important to enhance the application of stainless steel not only to small parts of steel structures but also to complex structures. Whereas non preloaded stainless steel bolted connections are already widely used, according to EN 1090‐2, the application of preloaded stainless steel bolting assemblies is not allowed unless otherwise specified. If they shall be used, they shall be treated as special fasteners and a procedure test is mandatory. Also EN 1993‐1‐4 requires that their acceptability in a particular application has to be demonstrated from test results. These restrictions are mainly caused by two facts: firstly, the viscoplastic deformation behaviour of stainless steel which might result in not negligible preload losses in the bolting assemblies themselves and secondly, the gap of knowledge regarding suitable tightening parameters and procedures for stainless steel bolting assemblies to secure a required preload in the bolting assemblies and to avoid galling. To solve these questions, research activities have been carried out in the frame of the European RFCS‐research project ”Execution and reliability of slip resistant connections for steel structures using CS and SS“ SIROCO. The present contribution gives an initial insight into the viscoplastic deformation behaviour of stainless steel bolting assemblies which were achieved in SIROCO which shows that preloaded bolted stainless steel connections can be treated similar to those made of carbon steel.
Uncovering young children's motivational beliefs about learning science
Authors: Oppermann Elisa , Brunner Martin , Eccles Jacquelynne S. , Anders Yvonne 
Published: November 2017

AbstractYoung children, ages 5–6 years, develop first beliefs about science and themselves as science learners, and these beliefs are considered important precursors of children's future motivation to pursue science. Yet, due to a lack of adequate measures, little is known about young children's motivational beliefs about learning science. The present two‐part study explores the motivational beliefs of young children using a new measure—the Young Children's Science Motivation (Y‐CSM) scale. Initial measurement development involved a thorough literature review of existing measures, and an extensive piloting phase until a final instrument was reached. To establish scale reliability, measurement invariance as well construct and criterion validity, the final instrument was administered to a new sample of 277 young children, age 5–6 years, in northern Germany. Results reveal that children's motivational beliefs can be empirically differentiated into their self‐confidence and enjoyment in science at this young age. Older children were more motivated in science, but no significant gender differences were found. Importantly, children in preschools with a science focus reported significantly higher science motivation. This finding stresses the importance of early science education for the development of children's motivational beliefs science.
Advancing to a Circular Economy: three essential ingredients for a comprehensive policy mix
Authors: Milios Leonidas 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Material resources exploitation and the pressure on natural ecosystems have raised concerns over potential future resource risks and supply failures worldwide. Interest in the concept of Circular Economy has surged in recent years among policy makers and business actors. An increasing amount of literature touches upon the conceptualisation of Circular Economy, the development of ‘circular solutions’ and circular business models, and policies for a Circular Economy. However, relevant studies on resource efficiency policies mostly utilise a case-by-case or sector-by-sector approach and do not consider the systemic interdependencies of the underlying operational policy framework. In this contribution, a mapping of the existing resource policy framework in the European Union (EU) is undertaken, and used as a basis for identifying policy areas that have been less prominent in influencing material resource efficiency. Employing a life cycle approach, policies affecting material efficiency in the production and consumption stages of a product have been found to be poorly utilised so far in the EU. Taking this as a point of departure, three policy areas that can contribute to closing material loops and increasing resource efficiency are thoroughly discussed and their application challenges are highlighted. The three policy areas are: (1) policies for reuse, repair and remanufacturing; (2) green public procurement and innovation procurement; and (3) policies for improving secondary materials markets. Finally, a potential policy mix, including policy instruments from the three mentioned policy areas—together with policy mixing principles—is presented to outline a possible pathway for transitioning to Circular Economy policy making.