bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age at first birth and cardiovascular risk factors in the 1958 British birth cohort
Authors: Lacey Rebecca E , Kumari Meena , Sacker Amanda , McMunn Anne 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundTo assess relationships between age at first birth and cardiovascular risk factors in a large longitudinal study of men and women. By assessing associations for both genders, we were able to investigate biological versus social and behavioural explanations from early life through to adulthood.MethodsMultiply-imputed data on more than 7600 men and women of a British birth cohort study (National Child Development Study, 1958 British birth cohort) were used. Cardiovascular risk factors at age 44/45 years included body mass index, waist:hip ratio, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), cholesterol (total, low and high-density lipoprotein), triglycerides, glycated haemoglobin, C reactive protein, von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen. Age at first birth was categorised as <20 years, 20–24 years, 25–29 years, 30–34 years or >34 years.ResultsBeing younger than 20 years of age at time of first birth was associated with an adverse cardiovascular profile by mid-life. Conversely, older parents had a lower cardiovascular risk as captured by lower body mass index, waist:hip ratio, blood pressure, high and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated haemoglobin, C reactive protein and fibrinogen. The relationship between age at first birth and cardiovascular risk factors was graded. Few differences between men and women were observed. Associations were largely unchanged after adjustment for early life factors but were partially mediated through adult social and behavioural factors.ConclusionsAge at first birth is inversely associated with differences in cardiovascular risk factors in mid-life in a large prospective birth cohort. Our results potentially suggest a social and behavioural rather than a biological explanation.
The impact of a federal cigarette minimum pack price policy on cigarette use in the USA
Authors: Doogan Nathan J , Wewers Mary Ellen , Berman Micah 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundIncreasing cigarette prices reduce cigarette use. The US Food and Drug Administration has the authority to regulate the sale and promotion—and therefore the price—of tobacco products.ObjectiveTo examine the potential effect of federal minimum price regulation on the sales of cigarettes in the USA.MethodWe used yearly state-level data from the Tax Burden on Tobacco and other sources to model per capita cigarette sales as a function of price. We used the fitted model to compare the status quo sales with counterfactual scenarios in which a federal minimum price was set. The minimum price scenarios ranged from $0 to $12.ResultsThe estimated price effect in our model was comparable with that found in the literature. Our counterfactual analyses suggested that the impact of a minimum price requirement could range from a minimal effect at the $4 level to a reduction of 5.7 billion packs sold per year and 10 million smokers at the $10 level.ConclusionA federal minimum price policy has the potential to greatly benefit tobacco control and public health by uniformly increasing the price of cigarettes and by eliminating many price-reducing strategies currently available to both sellers and consumers.
Neosporosis presenting as temporal muscle atrophy in a dog
Authors: Serrano Goncalo , Freeman Paul 
Published: March 2017

This case report describes an atypical presentation of neosporosis in a dog that initially presented as bilateral temporal muscle atrophy. Following initiation of prednisolone treatment for the presumed masticatory muscle myositis, a worsening in the dog’s physical condition and ambulation rapidly became evident. The dog progressed to a severe non‐ambulatory tetraparesis with inability to swallow, despite discontinuation of prednisolone and initiation of clindamycin and potentiated sulphonamide once a diagnosis of generalisedNeospora caninummyositis was reached. Nine days after treatment with clindamycin and potentiated sulphonamide was commenced the dog began to show some voluntary muscle control, and was discharged fully ambulatory 15 days after hospitalisation. This case highlights an unusual presentation of neosporosis and demonstrates that medical therapy, along with intensive nursing, can result in a good outcome even with severe generalised disease.
Inertial mass of an elementary particle from the holographic scenario
Authors: Giné Jaume 
Published: March 2017

Various attempts have been made to fully explain the mechanism by which a body has inertial mass. Recently, it has been proposed that this mechanism is as follows: when an object accelerates in one direction, a dynamical Rindler event horizon forms in the opposite direction, suppressing Unruh radiation on that side by a Rindler-scale Casimir effect whereas the radiation on the other side is only slightly reduced by a Hubble-scale Casimir effect. This produces a net Unruh radiation pressure force that always opposes the acceleration, just like inertia, although the masses predicted are twice those expected, see Ref. 17. In a later work, an error was corrected so that its prediction improves to within 26% of the Planck mass, see Ref. 10. In this paper, the expression of the inertial mass of a elementary particle is derived from the holographic scenario giving the exact value of the mass of a Planck particle when it is applied to a Planck particle.
Theoretical investigations of the Au++H2 reactive scattering by the time-dependent quantum wave packet method
Authors: Lee Wentao , He Haixiang , Chen Maodu 
Published: March 2017

Employing the state-to-state time-dependent quantum wave packet method, the Au[Formula: see text]H2 reactive scattering with initial states [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and 1 were investigated. Total reaction probabilities, product state-resolved integral cross-sections (ICSs) and differential cross-sections (DCSs) were calculated up to collision energy of 4.5 eV. The numerical results show that total reaction probabilities and ICSs increase with increasing collision energies, and there is little effect to the reactive scattering processes from the rotational excitation of H2 molecule. Below collision energy of around 3.0 eV, the role of the potential well in the entrance channel is significant and the reactive scattering proceeds dominantly by an indirect process, which leads to a nearly symmetric shape of the DCSs. With collision energy higher than 4.0 eV, the reactive scattering proceeds through a direct process, which leads to a forward biased DCSs, and also a hotter rotational distributions of the products. Total ICS agrees with the results by the quasi-classical trajectories theory very well, which suggests that the quantum effects in this reactive process are not obvious. However, the agreement between the experimental total cross-section and our theoretical result is not so good. This may be due to the uncertainty of the experiment or/and the inaccuracy of the potential energy surface.
Exploring the Linkage between Activity-Friendly Zoning, Inactivity, and Cancer Incidence in the United States
Authors: Nicholson Lisa M. , Leider Julien , Chriqui Jamie F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground: Physical activity (PA) protects against cancer and enhances cancer survivorship. Given high inactivity rates nationwide, population-level physical activity facilitators are needed. Several authoritative bodies have recognized that zoning and planning helps create activity-friendly environments. This study examined the association between activity-friendly zoning, inactivity, and cancer in 478 of the most populous U.S. counties.Methods: County geocodes linked county-level data: cancer incidence and smoking (State Cancer Profiles), inactivity (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System), 11 zoning measures (compiled by the study team), and covariates (from the American Community Survey and NAVTEQ). For each zoning measure, single mediation regression models and Sobel tests examined whether activity-friendly zoning was associated with reduced cancer incidence, and whether inactivity mediated those associations. All models were clustered on state with robust SEs and significance at the P &lt; 0.05 level.Results: Zoning for crosswalks, bike–pedestrian connectivity, and bike–pedestrian trails/paths were associated with reduced cancer incidence (β between −0.71 and −1.27, P &lt; 0.05), about 1 case per 100,000 for each 10 percentage-point increase in county population exposure to zoning. Except for crosswalks, each association was mediated by inactivity. However, county smoking attenuated these results, with only crosswalks remaining significant. Results were similar for males (with zoning for bike–pedestrian connectivity, street connectivity, and bike–pedestrian trails/paths), but not females, alone.Conclusions: Zoning can help to create activity-friendly environments that support decreased inactivity, and possibly reduced cancer incidence.Impact: Given low physical activity levels nationwide, cross-sectoral collaborations with urban planning can inform cancer prevention and public health efforts to decrease inactivity and cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 578–86. ©2017 AACR.See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences.”
“A tua mais completa tradução”: uma escola, uma região e uma interlocutora
Authors: Trindade Júnior Saint-Clair Cordeiro 
Published: March 2017

A Escola Uspiana de Geografia (EUG) tem se destacado, dentre outras razões, por lançar olhares interpretativos sobre diversas regiões brasileiras e sul-americanas, a exemplo do espaço amazônico, ao sistematizar uma compreensão particularizada sobre esta região. No interior dessa escola, vários têm sido os interlocutores que proporcionam um profícuo diálogo entre pesquisadores que estudam a Amazônia e o pensamento geográfico desenvolvido na Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Tendo em vista a importância desse pensamento, o presente trabalho busca considerar a contribuição da Professora Sandra Lencioni, uma das mais completas traduções daquilo que se faz e do que se produz no interior da EUG. Tal contribuição é destacada no presente artigo levando em conta tanto a sua produção intelectual, como também as orientações de teses e dissertações, que, à luz dos elementos que configuram o perfil da produção científica do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia Humana da USP, definem uma leitura geográfica sobre o espaço regional amazônico.
The New European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Definition of Malnutrition: Application for Nutrition Assessment and Prediction of Morbimortality in an Emergency Service
Authors: da Silva Fink Jaqueline , Marcadenti Aline , Rabito Estela Iraci , Silva Flávia Moraes 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground: Recently, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) provided novel consensus criteria for malnutrition diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of this instrument in combination with different nutrition screening tools (1) to identify malnutrition and (2) to predict morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Materials and Methods: Observational prospective study in 750 adults admitted to the emergency service of a tertiary public hospital. Subjective Global Assessment (SGA—reference method) and the new ESPEN criteria were used to assess nutrition status of patients, who were initially screened for nutrition risk using 4 different tools. Outcome measures included length of hospital stay, occurrence of infection, and incidence of death during hospitalization, analyzed by logistic regression. Results: There was a lack of agreement between the SGA and ESPEN definition of malnutrition, regardless of the nutrition screening tool applied previously (κ = −0.050 to 0.09). However, when Malnutrition Screening Tool and Nutritional Risk Screening–2002 (NRS‐2002) were used as the screening tool, malnourished patients according to ESPEN criteria showed higher probability of infection (relative risk [RR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–2.31 and RR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.37–3.10, respectively), and when the NRS‐2002 was used, the risk for death was 2.7 times higher (hazard ratio, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.07–6.81) in malnourished patients than in well‐nourished patients. Conclusion: Although the new ESPEN criteria had a poor diagnostic value, it seems to be a prognostic tool among hospitalized patients, especially when used in combination with the NRS‐2002.
Influence of Dietitians in Preventing Parenteral Nutrition Prescription Errors in Children
Authors: Garg Millie , Swab Michael , Gibney Declan , Cohen Jennifer , Gupta Nitin , Ooi Chee Y. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground: The purpose of this study is to determine whether direct involvement by dietitians in parenteral nutrition (PN) ordering resulted in a reduction in PN prescriptions errors. Methods: A prospective audit of PN prescriptions was undertaken at a pediatric hospital over 50 weeks. Prescriptions for PN that had dietitian involvement (dietitian group) were compared with prescriptions in which dietitians were not directly involved (nondietitian group). The number of total prescriptions, the number of prescriptions with errors, and the types of errors from both groups were recorded. Errors were classified into “dietitian‐preventable errors” and “nondietitian‐preventable errors.” Comparisons were made between prescriptions with and without errors, between dietitian‐preventable and nondietitian‐preventable errors, and between the dietitian and nondietitian groups per error type. Results: The total number of PN prescriptions was 725 (from 45 patients) and 471 (from 66 patients) for the dietitian and nondietitian groups, respectively. The nondietitian group was more likely than the dietitian group to prescribe PN incorrectly—18.0% (85 of 471) vs 12.4% (90 of 725; P = .007)—with the nondietitian group having 1.5‐times more PN prescriptions with errors (risk ratio = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–1.9). The total number of prescription errors was 126 and 146 for the dietitian and nondietitian groups, respectively. The dietitian group was less likely than the nondietitian group to be associated with dietitian‐preventable errors: 65.9% (83 of 126) vs 87.0% (127 of 146; risk ratio = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.5; P < .0001). Conclusion: Dietitian input into prescription of PN reduced the number of prescriptions with errors.
Imaging of Groin Pain: Magnetic Resonance and Ultrasound Imaging Features
Authors: Lee Susan C. , Endo Yoshimi , Potter Hollis G. 
Published: March 2017

Context: Evaluation of groin pain in athletes may be challenging as pain is typically poorly localized and the pubic symphyseal region comprises closely approximated tendons and muscles. As such, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) may help determine the etiology of groin pain. Evidence Acquisition: A PubMed search was performed using the following search terms: ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, sports hernia, athletic pubalgia, and groin pain. Date restrictions were not placed on the literature search. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: MRI is sensitive in diagnosing pathology in groin pain. Not only can MRI be used to image rectus abdominis/adductor longus aponeurosis and pubic bone pathology, but it can also evaluate other pathology within the hip and pelvis. MRI is especially helpful when groin pain is poorly localized. Real-time capability makes ultrasound useful in evaluating the pubic symphyseal region, as it can be used for evaluation and treatment. Conclusion: MRI and US are valuable in diagnosing pathology in athletes with groin pain, with the added utility of treatment using US-guided intervention. Strength-of Recommendation Taxonomy: C
When is cough functional, and how should it be treated?
Authors: Weinberger Miles , Lockshin Boris 
Published: March 2017

Key pointsHabit cough is most commonly characterised by a repetitive loud barking cough that persists for prolonged periods.The cough interferes with normal activity and substantially decreases the quality of life.Thesine qua nonis the total absence of this troublesome cough once asleep.The age distribution ranges from 4 years to late adolescence, with 85% of cases occurring from 8 to 14 years of age; similar cough in adults is much less common and poorly characterised.Pharmacological treatment is ineffective.A simple behavioural approach called suggestion therapy has been applied with success by many physicians.The natural history in the absence of treatment can result in persistence for months to years.Educational aimsTo increase awareness of functional cough as a non-organically caused symptom in children and adolescents.To provide the means of diagnosing a functional cough based on the distinguishing characteristics of this cause of chronic cough.To understand the principles of treating a functional cough with a simple behavioural technique called suggestion therapy.SummaryInvoluntary cough without an identified underlying organic reason has been given various names and recommended treatments. Current experience in children and adolescents suggests that “habit cough” best describes this entity, and suggestion therapy is a highly effective treatment that most physicians can learn.
Density Functional Theory Computation of Organic Compound Penetration into Sepiolite Tunnels
Authors: Karataş Deniz , Tekin Adem , Çelik Mehmet Sabri 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSepiolite is a fibrous clay mineral and consists of 2:1 silicate blocks connected at the corners and separated by tunnels (channels on external surfaces) that extend in the direction of fiber length. The tunnels, 3.7 Å × 610.6 Å in cross-section, are responsible for the incorporation of organic and inorganic compounds. The present study aimed to examine the capacity of twelve different organic molecules, such as pyridine, indigo, methylene blue, and quaternary amines, to gain access to the tunnels of sepiolite using quantum chemistry techniques. The interaction energy computations performed at the B97-D/TZVP level showed that all of the considered organic molecules tend to access the tunnels of sepiolite if external water molecules are absent. This finding is in agreement with experimental studies that included pyridine, indigo, 2,2-bipyridyl, and methylene blue. Interestingly, 2,6-dimethyl pyridine preferred to remain in a tunnel rather than an external channel of the sepiolite.
Controllable Preparation of Zeolite P1 From Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers via a Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Wang Yuanhui , Chen Jieyu , Wu Hongdan , Lei Xinrong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA more controllable method to synthesize particular zeolites from geopolymers is needed in order to effectively use these materials in industrial applications. In the present study, a well-crystallized zeolite P1 was synthesized from a metakaolin-based geopolymer (SiO2/Al2O3=3.2) using a hydrothermal method. The products obtained by hydrothermal treatment were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and specific surface areas. The XRD patterns and SEM micrographs indicated that the structure and morphology of zeolite P1 could be controlled by the NaOH solution concentration, hydrothermal temperature, and the hydrothermal treatment time. The crystalline structure of the prepared zeolite P1 was refined using the Rietveld method and the crystal structure parameters were as follows: a = 10.01 Å, b = 10.01 Å and c = 10.03 Å. The optimal hydrothermal conditions to form zeolite P1 were 24 h at a hydrothermal temperature of 100°C and 2.0 M NaOH solution. Moreover, the synthesized zeolite P1 had a specific surface area of 36.56 m2/g.
Removal of Co2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ by Manganese Oxide-Coated Zeolite: Equilibrium, Thermodynamics, and Kinetics Studies
Authors: Irannajad Mehdi , Kamran Haghighi Hossein 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe removal of Co2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using a modified zeolite was investigated because of the need to eliminate toxic contaminants from wastewaters. In the present study the ways in which equilibrium, thermodynamics, and kinetics parameters affected the removal of heavy metals were evaluated and compared. An Iranian clinoptilolite with a Si/Al ratio of 6.5 was used as an adsorbent. In order to increase the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent, it was converted to a manganese oxide-coated zeolite (MOCZeo) using various Mn solutions. The initial concentration of metals, pH, contact time, and temperature were the variables studied and optimal conditions were established. The maximum amount of Co2+, Ni2+, AND Pb2+ adsorption on MOCZeo was ascertained. A thermodynamics study, using ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS state functions showed that adsorption of Pb2+ was more spontaneous than that of Co2+, Ni2+ ions. The adsorption of these ions on MOCZeo was an endothermic reaction. Investigation of the adsorption models revealed that the adsorption of Pb2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ on MOCZeo followed both the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of Pb2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ on MOCZeo followed the pseudo-second order kinetics model with a high correlation coefficient.
Exta (haruspex remix)
Authors: Sutherland Dane , Sames Lucy A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Exta is a curatorial project consisting of a ‘primer’ exhibition of artists’ film and sculpture, two forthcoming exhibitions, and a film currently in production. The project traces the speculative activities of haruspicy, the divination of future events from the reading of entrails gathered from a sacrificed entity. Here, we expand on this mystic act as a ‘somatechnic’ ritual: how the artworks and our curatorial narrative work towards an imagined future populace divined from the entrails of a dead body-politic. With reference to Jon Abbink’s studies of contemporary haruspicy and some of its precedents in ancient practices, we situate Exta as a publicdivinatory reading that conjures a vision of an alien, future populace. We compare this to popular methods of articulating and narrativising post-human futures, by describing a mode of speculation inscribed with the occult potencies of haruspicy and, referring to Reza Negarestani, how it operates as a vector of decay in its monstrous corruption of such idealised narratives.
A great and downward hunt: How to design inorganic trauma
Authors: Woodard Ben 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
While many of the physical sciences have historically and conceptually informed philosophy, geology is one field that has not received adequate philosophical attention. In what follows, I attempt to demonstrate how the relation between the geological and the philosophical is over-coded in numerous historical and fictional contexts in the form of geotrauma, the violence of the earth or the inorganic on the organic, and the violence of the inorganic on itself. Historico-mythical tales of the violence of mining and surveying often centre on the geological landscape as offering a form of violence, or as invading the consciousnesses of those around it with a form of ancient violence. In this regard, the earth’s geological forces can be treated as murderous agents, where investigating the crime simply seems to redouble the violence. The article examines how this strange and violent reflectivity deploys itself in an exaggerated way in weird and gothic fiction. Looking at the works of Fritz Leiber, H. P. Lovecraft and Charles Brockden Brown, this article attempts to argue how the fictionalization of geotrauma is a dramatization of the already existent co-implication of geology and philosophy in the form of a co-murdering and the traumatic nature of the expansive concept.