bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward “homolactic” fermentation of glucose and xylose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae harboring a kinetically efficient l‐lactate dehydrogenase within pdc1‐pdc5 deletion background
Authors: Novy Vera , Brunner Bernd , Müller Gerdt , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTl‐Lactic acid is an important platform chemical and its production from the lignocellulosic sugars glucose and xylose is, therefore, of high interest. Tolerance to low pH and a generally high robustness make Saccharomyces cerevisiae a promising host for l‐lactic acid fermentation but strain development for effective utilization of both sugars is an unsolved problem. The herein used S. cerevisiae strain IBB10B05 incorporates a NADH‐dependent pathway for oxidoreductive xylose assimilation within CEN.PK113‐7D background and was additionally evolved for accelerated xylose‐to‐ethanol fermentation. Selecting the Plasmodium falciparum l‐lactate dehydrogenase (pfLDH) for its high kinetic efficiency, strain IBB14LA1 was derived from IBB10B05 by placing the pfldh gene at the pdc1 locus under control of the pdc1 promotor. Strain IBB14LA1_5 additionally had the pdc5 gene disrupted. With both strains, continued l‐lactic acid formation from glucose or xylose, each at 50 g/L, necessitated stabilization of pH. Using calcium carbonate (11 g/L), anaerobic shaken bottle fermentations at pH ≥ 5 resulted in l‐lactic acid yields (YLA) of 0.67 g/g glucose and 0.80 g/g xylose for strain IBB14LA1_5. Only little xylitol was formed (≤0.08 g/g) and no ethanol. In pH stabilized aerobic conversions of glucose, strain IBB14LA1_5 further showed excellent l‐lactic acid productivities (1.8 g/L/h) without losses in YLA (0.69 g/g glucose). In strain IBB14LA1, the YLA was lower (≤0.18 g/g glucose; ≤0.27 g/g xylose) due to ethanol as well as xylitol formation. Therefore, this study shows that a S. cerevisiae strain originally optimized for xylose‐to‐ethanol fermentation was useful to implement l‐lactic acid production from glucose and xylose; and with the metabolic engineering strategy applied, advance toward homolactic fermentation of both sugars was made. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 163–171. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design and validation of a parallelized micro‐photobioreactor enabling phototrophic bioprocess development at elevated throughput
Authors: Morschett Holger , Schiprowski Danny , Müller Carsten , Mertens Kolja , Felden Pamela , Meyer Jörg , Wiechert Wolfgang , Oldiges Marco 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTMicroalgae offer great potential for the industrial production of numerous compounds, but most of the currently available processes fail on economic aspects. Due to the lack of appropriate microcultivation systems, especially screening and early stage laboratory process characterization limit throughput in process development. Consequently, a demand for high throughput photobioreactors has recently been identified upon which some prototype systems emerged. However, compared to microbial microbioreactors, the systems so far introduced suffer from at least one of several drawbacks, that is, inhomogeneous conditions, poor mixing or excessive evaporation. In this context, a microtiter plate based micro‐photobioreactor was developed enabling 48‐fold parallelized cultivation. Strict control of the process conditions enabled a high comparability between the distinct wells of one plate (±5% fluctuation in biomass formation). The small scale, resulting in a beneficial surface to volume ratio, as well as the fast mixing due to rigorous orbital shaking, ensured an excellent light supply of the cultures. Moreover, non‐invasive online biomass quantification was implemented via a scattered light analyzer that is capable of biomass measurements during continuous illumination of the cultures. The system was shown to be especially qualified for parallelized laboratory screening applications like for instance media optimization. Easy automation via integration into a liquid handling platform is given by design. Thereby, the presented micro‐photobioreactor system significantly contributes to improving the time efficiency during the development of phototrophic bioprocesses. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 122–131. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isolation and biological characterization of a novel type of pulmonary mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wuzhishan miniature pig embryo
Authors: Ma Caiyun , Guo Yu , Liu Hao , Wang Kunfu , Yang Jinjuan , Li Xiangchen , Liu Changqing , Guan Weijun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPulmonary mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) have great potential in lung tissue engineering and represent attractive candidates for disease treatment in human and veterinary research. However, a reliable method for isolation and localization of porcine PMSCs in situ is still uncertain. In this study, we successfully isolated PMSCs from Wuzhishan miniature pig embryos in vitro and also attempted to unravel its fundamental differentiation potential and biological characteristics. The isolated PMSCs, which could be cultured and passaged for at least 15 passages, exhibited a typical fibroblast‐like morphology and high proliferative potential. Moreover, the PMSCs could express pluripotent marker genes (Oct4 and Nanog) and MSCs‐related surface antigens (β‐integrin, CD44, CD71, CD73, CD90, and CD105), while the expressions of CD34 and CD45 were negative. Cell cycle examination showed that the rate of G0/G1 was about 72.1–90.2%. Additionally, the PMSCs not only could be induced to transdifferentiate into mesoblastic cells such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes in vitro, but also the neural ectoderm and endoderm. Together, these data demonstrate the multiple differentiations potential of PMSCs in vitro, which confers potential use in serving as desirable cell types for lung injury regeneration.
Laparoscopic gastric band removal complicated by splenosis
Authors: Nicolas Gregory , Schoucair Ramy , Shimlati Rasha , Rached Linda , Khoury George 
Published: July 2016

Key Clinical MessageIn any patient, the occurrence of postsplenectomy splenosis can complicate the planning of further surgeries. In our case, the gastric sleeve procedure was aborted, as it would have put the patient's life in danger. Therefore, only the gastric band was removed, eliminating future erosion.
Worsening renal function and outcome in heart failure patients with reduced and preserved ejection fraction and the impact of angiotensin receptor blocker treatment: data from the CHARM‐study programme
Authors: Damman Kevin , Solomon Scott D. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Swedberg Karl , Yusuf Salim , Young James B. , Rouleau Jean L. , Granger Christopher B. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimsWe investigated the association between worsening renal function (WRF) that occurs during renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibition initation and outcome in heart failure (HF) patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) and compared this with HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF).Methods and resultsWe examined changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the relationship between WRF (defined as ≥26.5 µmol/L and ≥25% increase in serum creatinine from baseline to 6 weeks) and outcome, according to randomized treatment, in patients with HFREF (EF <45%; n = 1569) and HFPEF (EF ≥45%; n = 836) in the CHARM programme. The primary outcome was cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization. Estimated GFR decreased 9.0 ± 21 vs. 4.0 ± 21 mL/min/1.73 m2 with candesartan and placebo, respectively, and this was similar in HFREF and HFPEF. WRF developed more frequently with candesartan, 16% vs. 7%, P < 0.001, with similar findings in patients with HFREF and HFPEF. WRF was associated with a higher risk of the primary outcome: multivariable hazard ratio (HR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.54, P = 0.022, in both treatment groups, and in both HFREF and HFPEF (P for interaction 0.98). In HFREF, WRF was mostly related to HF hospitalization, while in HFPEF, WRF seemed more associated with mortality.ConclusionsGFR decreased more and WRF was more common with candesartan compared with placebo, and this was similar in HFREF and HFPEF. WRF was associated with worse outcomes in HFREF and HFPEF. Although no formal interaction was present, the association between candesartan treatment, WRF, and type of clinical outcome was slightly different between HFREF and HFPEF.
A modeling approach to compare ΣPCB concentrations between congener-specific analyses
Authors: Gibson Polly P , Mills Marc A , Kraus Johanna M , Walters David M 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Changes in analytical methods over time pose problems for assessing long-term trends in environmental contamination by PCBs. Congener-specific analyses vary widely in the number and identity of the 209 distinct PCB chemical configurations (congeners) that are quantified, leading to inconsistencies among summed PCB concentrations (ΣPCB) reported by different studies. Here, we present a modeling approach using linear regression to compare ΣPCB concentrations derived from different congener-specific analyses measuring different co-eluting groups. The approach can be used to develop a specific conversion model between any 2 sets of congener-specific analytical data from similar samples (similar matrix and geographic origin). We demonstrate the method by developing a conversion model for an example data set that includes data from 2 different analytical methods, a low resolution method quantifying 119 congeners and a high resolution method quantifying all 209 congeners. We used the model to show that the 119-congener set captured most (93%) of the total PCB concentration (i.e., Σ209PCB) in sediment and biological samples. ΣPCB concentrations estimated using the model closely matched measured values (mean relative percent difference = 9.6). General applications of the modeling approach include 1) generating comparable ΣPCB concentrations for samples that were analyzed for different congener sets; and 2) estimating the proportional contribution of different congener sets to ΣPCB. This approach may be especially valuable for enabling comparison of long-term remediation monitoring results even as analytical methods change over time. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:227–232. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Key Points
Inconsistency in the number and identity of congeners quantified during congener-specific analysis of environmental samples for PCBs impedes comparison of reported PCB contamination levels over time as analytical methods change. We describe a general method for comparing PCB concentrations derived from different congener-specific analyses by modeling total PCB concentration as a function of the concentration of a subset of congeners in common to both analyses. Applications of the model approach include 1) generating comparable ΣPCB concentrations for samples analyzed for different congener sets, and 2) estimating the proportional contribution of different congener sets to ΣPCB.
Biogeochemical controls on methylmercury in soils and sediments: Implications for site management
Authors: Bigham Gary N , Murray Karen J , Masue-Slowey Yoko , Henry Elizabeth A 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Management of Hg-contaminated sites poses particular challenges because methylmercury (MeHg), a potent bio-accumulative neurotoxin, is formed in the environment, and concentrations are not generally predictable based solely on total Hg (THg) concentrations. In this review, we examine the state of knowledge regarding the chemical, biological, and physical controls on MeHg production and identify those most critical for contaminated site assessment and management. We provide a list of parameters to assess Hg-contaminated soils and sediments with regard to their potential to be a source of MeHg to biota and therefore a risk to humans and ecological receptors. Because some measurable geochemical parameters (e.g., DOC) can have opposing effects on Hg methylation, we recommend focusing first on factors that describe the potential for Hg bio-accumulation: site characteristics, Hg and MeHg concentrations, Hg availability, and microbial activity, where practical. At some sites, more detailed assessment of biogeochemistry may be required to develop a conceptual site model for remedial decision making. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:249–263. © 2016 SETAC

Key Points
Because of the complex interaction of multiple geochemical, biological, and physical parameters, no single parameter can reliably predict the likelihood of Hg methylation and bioaccumulation or the concentration of methylmercury (MeHg) in the environment. Site managers should focus on a limited number of parameters that have the greatest likelihood of characterizing the sediment as a potential source of MeHg. Sediment total Hg (THg) and MeHg concentrations alone will not provide all the information needed to plan site remediation, but are a valuable starting point.
Optimal TiO2–Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Activity under Sunlight Condition: Synthesis, Characterization, and Kinetics
Authors: Rezaei Mostafa , Salem Shiva 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTTiO2–graphene oxide nanocomposites have been fabricated by the sol–gel technique for degradation of a typical cationic dye solution. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric‐differential analyses, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurement, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the photocatalytic activities of samples were evaluated by degradation of methylene blue aqueous solution under the sunlight irradiation. The change in color of solution was evaluated by the UV–vis spectroscopy, and the maximum photocatalytic decoloration (94%) was achieved within 60 min, which exceeded that of pure anatase under the same conditions. The results show that the nanocomposite containing 9.0 wt% of graphene oxide has the superior photocatalytic performance to either single‐phase anatase or other composites containing different amounts of graphene oxide. The experimental degradation data obtained from the batch tests were analyzed by a modified kinetic model, which predicted the performance with higher regression coefficients and lower relative errors. The distribution of TiO2 nanoparticles (<20 nm) on graphene oxide sheets is proposed to be the efficient factor in the homogeneous degradation of dye which can concomitantly improve the photocatalytic activity.
Bond strength of epoxy resin‐based root canal sealer to human root dentin irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser
Authors: Franceschini Keila de Almeida , Silva‐Sousa Yara Teresinha Corrêa , Lopes Fabiane Carneiro , Pereira Rodrigo Dantas , Palma‐Dibb Regina Guenka , de Sousa‐Neto Manoel Damião 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate the influence of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation associated with different final irrigation protocols on the bond strength of epoxy resin‐based root canal sealer to root dentin, on the dentin/filling material interface and in the temperature variation during irradiation.MethodologyNinety‐six maxillary canines were prepared with K3 rotary system up to #45/0.02 instrument, irrigating with distilled water between files. The specimens were randomly assigned to three groups—final irrigation (distilled water, 1% NaOCl, and 17% EDTAC) and four subgroups (n = 8)—laser parameters (non‐irradiated, 2 W/20 Hz, 3 W/20 Hz, and 4 W/20 Hz). During irradiation, the temperatures were measured on the outer root dentin wall in the three thirds, and root apex. Canals were filled with lateral condensation of AHPlus sealer and gutta‐percha cones. Two slices from each third were submitted to a push‐out test in Instron machine and the failure mode was analyzed. One slice from each third was analyzed by confocal laser microscopy to evaluate the percentage of the perimeter of the root canal cross‐section with sealer tags and depth of tags. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, and Tukey's tests (P < 0.05).ResultsEr,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation increased sealer bond strength to dentin, regardless of the final irrigation. The highest values were obtained for 3 W (4.02 ± 1.32) and 4 W (4.18 ± 0.98) powers and different from the non‐irradiated group (2.64 ± 0.58) (P < 0.05). The 2 W irradiation produced similar results to 3 W and 4 W when associated with 17% EDTA. Final irrigation with 17% EDTAC provided higher bond strength (4.01 ± 1.02) compared with distilled water (3.11 ± 1.09) and 1% NaOCl (3.47 ± 1.18) (P < 0.05). The cervical third (4.01 ± 1.21) presented significantly higher bond strength than the apical third (3.04 ± 0.89). There was a greater percentage of adhesive and mixed failure. In the groups irradiated with 3 W [21.1 (14.1–27.7)] and 4 W [17.8 (11.9–23.7)], a greater depth of filling material tags was observed compared with the non‐irradiated group [12.9 (9.0–20.0)]. The greatest percentage of canal perimeter with sealer tags was observed in the irradiated groups, with no difference among them (P > 0.05). The temperature rise was proportional to the increase of laser power.ConclusionsEr,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation increased the bond strength of an epoxy resin‐based sealer to root dentin, with greater formation of sealer tags for all tested powers, especially when combined with 17% EDTAC final irrigation; temperature rise during irradiation remained below the critical threshold biologically accepted. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:985–994, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anoctamin 10‐Related Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia: Comprehensive Clinical Phenotyping of an Irish Sibship
Authors: Bogdanova‐Mihaylova Petya , Austin Neil , Alexander Michael D. , Cassidy Lorraine , Early Anne , Murphy Raymond P. , Murphy Sinéad M. , Walsh Richard A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractView Supplementary Video 1View Supplementary Video 2The autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders. Mutations in the anoctamin 10 gene (ANO10) recently have been identified as a cause of autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 10. Comprehensive phenotypic data are provided on 3 siblings with homozygous ANO10 mutations, including detailed ocular and cognitive assessments and bladder involvement not previously described in the literature. Data also are provided on unblinded therapy with coenzyme Q10, previously reported as a possible therapy in ANO10‐related ataxia. A genetic diagnosis in this family was obtained through next‐generation sequencing techniques after over 10 years of expensive sequencing of individual genes using the traditional Sanger approach. Greater commercial availability of gene panels will improve the ability to obtain a genetic diagnosis in the uncommon “non‐Friedreich's” recessive ataxias. Clinical recognition of these recessive ataxic syndromes will also inevitably improve as the full phenotypic spectrum is identified.
Structure‐based bioisosterism design, synthesis, insecticidal activity and structure–activity relationship (SAR) of anthranilic diamide analogues containing 1,2,4‐oxadiazole rings
Authors: Liu Qi , Zhu Rui , Gao Shang , Ma Shi‐Han , Tang Hai‐Jun , Yang Jian‐Jun , Diao Ya‐Mei , Wang Hong‐Lei , Zhu Hong‐Jun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnthranilic diamide derivatives are among the most important classes of synthetic insecticides. Moreover, the 1,2,4‐oxadiazole heterocycle, a bioisostere of amide, has been extensively used in pesticides. In order to discover novel molecules with high insecticidal activities, a series of anthranilic diamide analogues containing 1,2,4‐oxadiazole rings were designed and synthesised.RESULTSA series of novel anthranilic diamide derivatives containing 1,2,4‐oxadiazole were obtained, and confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The structure of 3‐bromo‐N‐(4‐chloro‐2‐methyl‐6‐{3‐[(methylsulphonyl)methyl]‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐5‐yl}phenyl)‐1‐(3‐chloropyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐5‐carboxamide was further characterised by X‐ray diffraction analysis. In addition, bioassays showed that most of the newly synthesised compounds displayed 100% mortality against Plutella xylostella at 100 mg L−1, and compound 3IIl showed 90% larvicidal activities at a concentration of 0.5 mg L−1. The LC50 value of 3IIl was 0.20 mg L−1, which indicated that it may be used as a potential leading compound for further structural optimisation. Furthermore, brief comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) models were established to study the structure–activity relationships (SARs) of the title compounds.CONCLUSIONCompound 3IIl may be used as a potential leading compound for further structural optimisation, and SARs and CoMFA models could provide reliable clues for further structural optimisation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Poor Performance of a Retrofitted Downstream Bypass Revealed by the Analysis of Approaching Behaviour in Combination with a Trapping System
Authors: Ovidio M. , Dierckx A. , Bunel S. , Grandry L. , Spronck C. , Benitez J.P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe implementation of fish downstream migration bypass systems is still a major challenge, and there is interest in validating the adequacy of different configurations of bypass devices. In the Amblève River (Belgium), a mobile 3.3‐m height dam feeds two principal Francis and one Francis micro‐turbine and is equipped with a modern vertical slot fish pass and a downstream bypass. The aim of this study was to test the bypass attraction and efficiency (i.e. percentage of fish that approach the entrance and use the bypass) for Atlantic salmon smolts. During three consecutive years, a total of 1346 smolts were equipped with a radio frequency identification tag and released from March to May upstream of the dam of Lorcé. The entrance of the downstream migration bypass was equipped with a radio frequency identification antenna in order to detect the smolts approaching. In 2014, a capture cage was also placed downstream the bypass to evaluate its efficiency. The mean percentage of detected smolts at the entrance varied from 26.2 to 39.7%. In 2014, 16.5% of the released smolts entered the bypass and were finally caught in the cage, representing 39% of the smolts detected at the entrance. More than 98% of the detections occurred during night (mainly between 9 pm and 3 am). The searching delay near the bypass entrance varied from less than 5 min to more than 5 days (median 4.3 min). Visual observation indicated a behavioural reluctance before entering the bypass, with a shift from positive to negative rheotaxy. Our results underline the difficulty to install retrofitted bypass system on old existing hydropower plants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolutionary‐based packets classification for anomaly detection in web layer
Authors: Kozik Rafał , Choraś Michał , Hołubowicz Witold 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel method for web layer anomaly detection. In contrast to the majority of other state of the art approaches, we do not adapt manually configured parsers or packet content type detection techniques to partition the request sent from clients to server. In our experiments, we showed that making certain assumptions about the request content types may lead to the degradation of the detection performance. Therefore, we proposed unsupervised algorithm for automated packet structure extraction. We formulate this as the optimisation problem that is solved by means of genetic algorithm. Moreover, on top of the request segmentation schema, we provide the set of algorithms that measure statistics and apply machine learning techniques to solve the classification problems. The effectiveness of our methods is proved by the results achieved on the extended benchmark database. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.