bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the appearance of the urethral pressure profile trace correlate with the sphincter EMG findings in women with voiding dysfunction?
Authors: Sihra Néha , Malde Sachin , Panicker Jalesh , Kightley Robert , Solomon Eskinder , Hamid Rizwan , Ockrim Jeremy , Greenwell Tamsin J. , Pakzad Mahreen 
Published: July 2017

AimsWomen with functional voiding dysfunction often experience a “catching” sensation when catheterising and are in general investigated with both urethral pressure profilometry (UPP) and sphincter electromyography (EMG). It is unknown whether the pattern of the UPP trace correlates with this sensation of “catching” or with sphincter EMG findings.MethodsWe reviewed the database of all women with voiding dysfunction who had undergone both sphincter EMG and UPP to assess for any relationship between pattern of UPP trace and “catching” on catheterization and/or sphincter EMG findings. UPP traces were classified as smooth or pulsatile and the EMG was classified as normal or abnormal. Statistical analysis was by Chi squared test for pulsatile UPP trace as a predictor of abnormal EMG. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of a pulsatile UPP trace for predicting abnormal EMG were also determined. These patients were asked to complete a telephone interview assessing discomfort on catheterization, particularly on catheter removal (“catching”).ResultsA total of 107 women of mean age 35.8 years underwent both sphincter EMG and UPP between 2011 and 2015. There was no significant association between “catching” on catheterization and pattern of UPP. There was a significant association between the presence of a pulsatile UPP and the finding of an abnormal EMG (P < 0.0001) The PPV of pulsatile UPP for abnormal EMG was 0.82 and the NPV of pulsatile UPP for abnormal EMG was 0.74.ConclusionsA pulsatile UPP trace is a sensitive predictor for abnormal EMG in patients with voiding dysfunction. There is no obvious correlation between a pulsatile UPP trace and a reported “catching” sensation on catheterization.
Simultaneous MR quantification of hepatic fat content, fatty acid composition, transverse relaxation time and magnetic susceptibility for the diagnosis of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Leporq B. , Lambert S.A. , Ronot M. , Vilgrain V. , Van Beers B.E. 
Published: July 2017

Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized at histology by steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning and inflammatory infiltrates, with or without fibrosis. Although diamagnetic material in fibrosis and inflammation can be detected with quantitative susceptibility imaging, fatty acid composition changes in NASH relative to simple steatosis have also been reported. Therefore, our aim was to develop a single magnetic resonance (MR) acquisition and post‐processing scheme for the diagnosis of steatohepatitis by the simultaneous quantification of hepatic fat content, fatty acid composition, T2* transverse relaxation time and magnetic susceptibility in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. MR acquisition was performed at 3.0 T using a three‐dimensional, multi‐echo, spoiled gradient echo sequence. Phase images were unwrapped to compute the B0 field inhomogeneity (ΔB0) map. The ΔB0‐demodulated real part images were used for fat–water separation, T2* and fatty acid composition quantification. The external and internal fields were separated with the projection onto dipole field method. Susceptibility maps were obtained after dipole inversion from the internal field map with single‐orientation Bayesian regularization including spatial priors. Method validation was performed in 32 patients with biopsy‐proven, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease from which 12 had simple steatosis and 20 NASH. Liver fat fraction and T2* did not change significantly between patients with simple steatosis and NASH. In contrast, the saturated fatty acid fraction increased in patients with NASH relative to patients with simple steatosis (48 ± 2% versus 44 ± 4%; p < 0.05) and the magnetic susceptibility decreased (−0.30 ± 0.27 ppm versus 0.10 ± 0.14 ppm; p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for magnetic susceptibility as NASH marker was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.79–1.0). Simultaneous MR quantification of fat content, fatty acid composition, T2* and magnetic susceptibility is feasible in the liver. Our preliminary results suggest that quantitative susceptibility imaging has a high diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of NASH.
Free‐surface tracking in 2D with the harmonic polynomial cell method: Two alternative strategies
Authors: Hanssen F.‐C.W. , Bardazzi A. , Lugni C. , Greco M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSeveral cases of nonlinear wave propagation are studied numerically in two dimensions within the framework of potential flow. The Laplace equation is solved with the harmonic polynomial cell (HPC) method, which is a field method with high‐order accuracy. In the HPC method, the computational domain is divided into overlapping cells. Within each cell, the velocity potential is represented by a sum of harmonic polynomials. Two different methods denoted as immersed boundary (IB) and multigrid (MG) are used to track the free surface. The former treats the free surface as an IB in a fixed Cartesian background grid, while the latter uses a free‐surface fitted grid that overlaps with a Cartesian background grid. The simulated cases include several nonlinear wave mechanisms, such as high steepness and shallow‐water effects. For one of the cases, a numerical scheme to suppress local wave breaking is introduced. Such scheme can serve as a practical mean to ensure numerical stability in simulations where local breaking is not significant for the result. For all the considered cases, both the IB and MG method generally give satisfactory agreement with known reference results. Although the two free‐surface tracking methods mostly have similar performance, some differences between them are pointed out. These include aspects related to modeling of particular physical problems as well as their computational efficiency when combined with the HPC method.
Optimum design of an acoustic metamaterial with negative bulk modulus in an acoustic‐elastic coupled system using a level set–based topology optimization method
Authors: Noguchi Yuki , Yamada Takayuki , Izui Kazuhiro , Nishiwaki Shinji 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a level set–based topology optimization method for the design of an acoustic metamaterial with negative bulk modulus in an acoustic‐elastic coupled system. To represent the coupled system, we propose a two‐phase material model in which the solid and acoustic phases are mixed. This model allows the coupled system to be represented uniformly and avoids the need to impose the coupling conditions typically required in analyses of acoustic‐elastic coupled systems. The effective bulk modulus of the acoustic metamaterial is represented using an S‐parameter–based method and the optimization problem is formulated as a level set–based topology optimization. The topological derivatives for the two‐phase material model are obtained using the relationship between the topological and shape derivatives. Numerical examples demonstrate the validity of the proposed two‐phase material model and topological derivatives, and an optimal unit cell design for an acoustic metamaterial with negative bulk modulus is obtained at a targeted frequency.
Topology optimization using a continuous density field and adaptive mesh refinement
Authors: Lambe Andrew B. , Czekanski Aleksander 
Published: July 2017

SummaryA new method of topology optimization is introduced in which a continuous material field is combined with adaptive mesh refinement. Using a continuous material field with different analysis and design meshes allows the method to produce optimal designs that are free of numerical artifacts like checkerboard patterns and material islands. Adaptive mesh refinement is then applied to both meshes to precisely locate the optimal boundary of the final structure. A Helmholtz‐type density filter is used to prevent the appearance of small topological features as the mesh refinement proceeds. Results are presented for several test problems, including problems with geometrically complex domain boundaries.
Interferon lambda1/IL‐29 and inorganic polyphosphate are novel regulators of neutrophil‐driven thromboinflammation
Authors: Chrysanthopoulou Akrivi , Kambas Konstantinos , Stakos Dimitrios , Mitroulis Ioannis , Mitsios Alexandros , Vidali Veroniki , Angelidou Iliana , Bochenek Magdalena , Arelaki Stella , Arampatzioglou Athanasios , Galani Ioanna‐Evdokia , Skendros Panagiotis , Couladouros Elias A , Konstantinides Stavros , Andreakos Evangelos , Schäfer Katrin , Ritis Konstantinos 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNeutrophils and neutrophil‐released meshwork structures termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are major mediators of thromboinflammation and emerging targets for therapy, yet the mechanisms and pathways that control the role of neutrophils in thromboinflammation remain poorly understood. Here, we explored the role of IFN‐λ1/IL‐29, a major antiviral cytokine recently shown to suppress the neutrophil migratory capacity, in prothrombotic and proNETotic functions of neutrophils. In an ex vivo human experimental setting of acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), we show that IFN‐λ1/IL‐29 hinders NET release and diminishes the amount of cytoplasmic TF in neutrophils. Since platelet–neutrophil interaction plays a major role in NET‐induced thromboinflammation, we further studied how IFN‐λ1/IL‐29 may interrupt this interaction. In this context, we identified inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) as a platelet‐derived NET inducer in STEMI. In arterial STEMI thrombi, polyP was present in platelets and in close proximity to NET remnants. PolyP release from activated platelets was dependent on thrombin present in infarcted artery plasma, resulting in NET formation by promoting mTOR inhibition and autophagy induction. The effect of polyP on mTOR inhibition was counteracted by IFN‐λ1/IL‐29 treatment, leading to inhibition of NET formation. Consistently, we show in an in vivo model of FeCl3‐induced arterial thrombosis that IFN‐λ2/IL‐28A exerts strong antithrombotic potential. Taken together, these findings reveal a novel function of IFN‐λ1/IL‐29 in the suppression of thromboinflammation. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energetic Materials Designing Bench (EMDB), Version 1.0
Authors: Keshavarz Mohammad H. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Sućeska Muhamed 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEMDB_1 is a new professional package in the area of EMs, which calculates more than thirty physicochemical properties and detonation parameters for different pure explosives or energetic formulations (for C−H−N−O−F−Cl−Al−Br−I−S compounds). Here we present the results of performance (VoD) calculations obtained using the EMDB, EXPLO5 and CHEETAH programs, and compare these values with the experimentally determined values. We also calculated the impact and friction sensitivities using the EMDB code, and compared the values obtained with measured values.
Evaluation of glyphosate resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana expressing an altered target site EPSPS
Authors: Sammons R Douglas , You Jinsong , Qi Youlin , Flasinski Stanislaw , Kavanaugh Christina , Washam Jeannie , Ostrander Elizabeth , Wang Dafu , Heck Greg 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlyphosate‐resistant goosegrass has recently evolved and is homozygous for the double mutant of EPSPS (T102I, P106S or TIPS). These same mutations combined with EPSPS overexpression, have been used to create transgenic glyphosate‐resistant crops. Arabidopsis thaliana (Wt EPSPS Ki ∼ 0.5 μM) was engineered to express a variant AtEPSPS‐T102I, P106A (TIPA Ki = 150 μM) to determine the resistance magnitude for a more potent variant EPSPS that might evolve in weeds.RESULTSTransgenic A. thaliana plants, homozygous for one, two or four copies of AtEPSPS‐TIPA, had resistance (IC50 values, R/S) as measured by seed production ranging from 4.3‐ to 16‐fold. Plants treated in reproductive stage were male sterile with a range of R/S from 10.1‐ to 40.6‐fold. A significant hormesis (∼ 63% gain in fresh weight) was observed for all genotypes when treated at the initiation of reproductive stage with 0.013 kg ha–1. AtEPSPS‐TIPA enzyme activity was proportional to copy number and correlated with resistance magnitude.CONCLUSIONSA. thaliana, as a model weed expressing one copy of AtEPSPS‐TIPA (300‐fold more resistant), had only 4.3‐fold resistance to glyphosate for seed production. Resistance behaved as a single dominant allele. Vegetative tissue resistance was 4.7‐fold greater than reproductive tissue resistance and was linear with gene copy number. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Analysis of oxovanadium(IV) complexes using electrospray mass spectrometry: Molecular ion formed by loss of an electron, and its product ions trapping oxygen
Authors: Hou Xue , Wu Zhi‐Jun , Zhao Jian‐Qiang , Yuan Wei‐Cheng , Qi Hua‐Yi 
Published: July 2017

RationaleIn addition to their biological properties, oxovanadium complexes have been widely applied as catalysts because of their excellent catalytic‐oxidation capability. Recently, monometallic oxovanadium(IV) complexes have been used as catalysts in the electrophilic trifluoromethylation of silyl ketene imines. The study of catalysts can contribute to an understanding of the reaction mechanism.MethodsSix monometallic oxovanadium(IV) complexes were analyzed by electrospray ionization time‐of flight mass spectrometry (ESI‐TOFMS), and collision‐induced dissociation mass spectrometry (CID‐MS) experiments were conducted for selected cations [M]+ of oxovanadium(IV) complexes as well as a deuterium‐labeled complex. Different collision gases were used to understand the source of the O2 and H2O engaged in the gas‐phase ion‐molecule reaction.ResultsThe oxovanadium(IV) complexes formed [M]+ ions by loss of an electron, with [M + 14]+ ions being formed from [M]+ by loss of H2O and addition of O2. The fragmentation pathways of the [M]+ cations were further studied by ESI‐MS/MS, and several ions produced by gas‐phase ion‐molecule reactions were detected and characterized, including vanadium‐oxo, −peroxo and derivatives.ConclusionsSeveral unexpected ions were detected, including [M]+, [M + 14]+ and ions produced from gas‐phase ion‐molecule reactions. The study has contributed to the understanding of the structure and character of oxovanadium(IV) complexes, and it could facilitate the design of new oxovanadium catalysts and an understanding of their reaction mechanism.
Successful Treatment of Passive Fecal Incontinence in an Animal Model Using Engineered Biosphincters: A 3-Month Follow-Up Study
Authors: Bohl Jaime L. , Zakhem Elie , Bitar Khalil N. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Fecal incontinence (FI) is the involuntary passage of fecal material. Current treatments have limited successful outcomes. The objective of this study was to develop a large animal model of passive FI and to demonstrate sustained restoration of fecal continence using anorectal manometry in this model after implantation of engineered autologous internal anal sphincter (IAS) biosphincters. Twenty female rabbits were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups: (a) Non-treated group: Rabbits underwent IAS injury by hemi-sphincterectomy without treatment. (b) Treated group: Rabbits underwent IAS injury by hemi-sphincterectomy followed by implantation of autologous biosphincters. (c) Sham group: Rabbits underwent IAS injury by hemi-sphincterectomy followed by re-accessing the surgical site followed by immediate closure without implantation of biosphincters. Anorectal manometry was used to measure resting anal pressure and recto-anal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) at baseline, 1 month post-sphincterectomy, up to 3 months after implantation and post-sham. Following sphincterectomy, all rabbits had decreased basal tone and loss of RAIR, indicative of FI. Anal hygiene was also lost in the rabbits. Decreases in basal tone and RAIR were sustained more than 3 months in the non-treated group. Autologous biosphincters were successfully implanted into eight donor rabbits in the treated group. Basal tone and RAIR were restored at 3 months following biosphincter implantation and were significantly higher compared with rabbits in the non-treated and sham groups. Histologically, smooth muscle reconstruction and continuity was restored in the treated group compared with the non-treated group. Results in this study provided promising outcomes for treatment of FI. Results demonstrated the feasibility of developing and validating a large animal model of passive FI. This study also showed the efficacy of the engineered biosphincters to restore fecal continence as demonstrated by manometry.
Early Timing of Thyroidectomy for Hyperthyroidism in Graves’ Disease Improves Biochemical Recovery
Authors: Vital Domenic , Morand Grégoire B. , Meerwein Christian , Laske Roman D. , Steinert Hans C. , Schmid Christoph , Brown Michelle L. , Huber Gerhard F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe role of thyroidectomy as an early treatment for hyperthyroidism has been poorly investigated. Our aim was to examine its success rates, particularly focusing on thyroidectomy as an early treatment.MethodsPatients with thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism between February 2008 and October 2014 were included. They were divided into two groups (early and delayed thyroidectomy), and patient characteristics, treatment indications, complications and time to biochemical recovery were analyzed.ResultsNinety‐nine patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 65 (66%) suffered from Graves’ disease, 25 (25%) from toxic goiters and 9 (9%) from amiodarone‐induced hyperthyroidism. Structural abnormalities of the thyroid (39 patients, 39%) represented the most frequent indications for thyroidectomy. Forty‐six patients (46%) underwent an early and 53 (54%) a delayed surgical approach. Patients with Graves’ disease undergoing early thyroidectomy did not suffer more often from complications but had a significantly faster biochemical recovery after surgery than those with a delayed thyroidectomy, as judged by a shorter time to reach TSH (121 ± 24 vs. 240 ± 31 days, p = 0.007) and fT4 (91 ± 29 vs. 183 ± 31 days p = 0.015) levels in the normal range. As expected, there were no recurrences of hyperthyroidism.ConclusionsEarly thyroidectomy was neither associated with permanent complications nor thyroid storm, but with a significantly improved biochemical recovery and therefore has to be recommended early in patients with Graves’ disease.
Phase Equilibria in the Fe-Mo-Ti Ternary System at 1173 K (900 °C) and 1023 K (750 °C)
Authors: Knowles A. J. , Jones N. G. , Jones C. N. , Stone H. J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Alloys with fine-scale eutectic microstructures comprising Ti-based A2 and TiFe B2 phases have been shown to have excellent mechanical properties. In this study, the potential of alloys with further refined A2-B2 microstructures formed through solid-state precipitation has been explored by analyzing a series of six alloys within the Fe-Mo-Ti ternary system. Partial isothermal sections of this system at 1173 K (900 °C) and 1023 K (750 °C) were constructed, from which the ternary solubility limits of the A2 (Ti, Mo), B2 TiFe, D85 Fe7Mo6, and C14 Fe2Ti phases were determined. With these data, the change in solubility of Fe in the A2 phase with temperature, which provides the driving force for precipitation of B2 TiFe, was determined and used to predict the maximum potential volume fraction of B2 TiFe precipitates that may be formed in an A2 (Ti, Mo) matrix.
Experimental Study of Nanofluids Applied in EOR Processes
Authors: de Castro Dantas Tereza Neuma , de Souza Tamyris Thaise Costa , Dantas Neto Afonso Avelino , Moura Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar , de Barros Neto Eduardo Lins 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNanoemulsions are small droplet‐sized systems that have low surface tension and a small percentage of active material in their composition. In this study, low oil content nanoemulsion systems were developed for the use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The experiments were performed on a device capable of simulating petroleum reservoir conditions using sandstone rock cores. Nanoemulsions were obtained from a pre‐selected microemulsion system composed of: RNX95 as surfactant, isopropyl alcohol as cosurfactant, kerosene as oil phase, and distilled water as aqueous phase. Different percentages of polyacrylamide were added to the systems obtained to evaluate the influence of viscosity in EOR results. The nanoemulsion droplet sizes ranged from 9.22 to 14.8 nm. Surface tension values were in the range of 33.6–39.7 dyn/cm. A nanoemulsion system with 2.5 wt% surfactant was used in EOR assays. The oil recovery was directly proportional to polymer percentage in the nanoemulsion, ranging from 39.6 to 76.8%. The total oil in the place recovery ranged from 74.5 to 90%.
Protein phosphatases 1 and 2A and their naturally occurring inhibitors: current topics in smooth muscle physiology and chemical biology
Authors: Takai Akira , Eto Masumi , Hirano Katsuya , Takeya Kosuke , Wakimoto Toshiyuki , Watanabe Masaru 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Protein phosphatases 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A) are the most ubiquitous and abundant serine/threonine phosphatases in eukaryotic cells. They play fundamental roles in the regulation of various cellular functions. This review focuses on recent advances in the functional studies of these enzymes in the field of smooth muscle physiology. Many naturally occurring protein phosphatase inhibitors with different relative PP1/PP2A affinities have been discovered and are widely used as powerful research tools. Current topics in the chemical biology of PP1/PP2A inhibitors are introduced and discussed, highlighting the identification of the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of calyculin A in a symbiont microorganism of a marine sponge.
Lifespan Disparity as an Additional Indicator for Evaluating Mortality Forecasts
Authors: Bohk-Ewald Christina , Ebeling Marcus , Rau Roland 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Evaluating the predictive ability of mortality forecasts is important yet difficult. Death rates and mean lifespan are basic life table functions typically used to analyze to what extent the forecasts deviate from their realized values. Although these parameters are useful for specifying precisely how mortality has been forecasted, they cannot be used to assess whether the underlying mortality developments are plausible. We therefore propose that in addition to looking at average lifespan, we should examine whether the forecasted variability of the age at death is a plausible continuation of past trends. The validation of mortality forecasts for Italy, Japan, and Denmark demonstrates that their predictive performance can be evaluated more comprehensively by analyzing both the average lifespan and lifespan disparity—that is, by jointly analyzing the mean and the dispersion of mortality. Approaches that account for dynamic age shifts in survival improvements appear to perform better than others that enforce relatively invariant patterns. However, because forecasting approaches are designed to capture trends in average mortality, we argue that studying lifespan disparity may also help to improve the methodology and thus the predictive ability of mortality forecasts.