bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Analysis and Attitude Control of a Gyrostat Satellite with Chaotic Dynamics Using Discrete‐Time LQR‐OGY
Authors: Abtahi Seyed Mahdi , Sadati Seyed Hossein , Salarieh Hassan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractQuasi‐periodic and chaotic behavior, along with the control of chaos for a Gyrostat satellite (GS), is investigated in this work. The quaternion‐based dynamical model of the GS is first derived, and then the influences of the reaction wheels in the GS structure, under the gravity gradient perturbation that causes a route to chaos through quasi‐periodicity mechanism, is investigated. For the suppression of chaos in the system, a chaos control system with the quaternion feedback is designed for the GS based on the extension of the Ott‐Grebogi‐Yorke (OGY) method using the linearization of the Poincaré map. In the extended OGY controller, the Poincaré map is estimated using the Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) technique. After linearization of the Poincaré map, the Discrete‐time Linear Quadratic Regulator (DLQR) is applied on the linearized Poincaré map, making the DLQR‐OGY controller for chaos. The DLQR‐OGY control system stabilizes the orbits to the fixed points providing a small control input signal, which leads to a decrease in the control effort and energy consumption in the GS system.
Input/Output Decoupling of Square Linear Systems by Dynamic Two‐Parameter Stabilizing Control
Authors: Galindo René 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAnalytical expressions of the free parameters of a two‐parameter stabilizing control (TPSC), solving an input/output (I/O) decoupling problem, are presented, and stability conditions are given. Multi‐input‐multi‐output (MIMO), proper, lumped and linear time invariant (LTI) systems are considered. These systems have stabilizable and detectable realizations. The separation principle is applied to design a dynamic output control in a controller‐observer feedback configuration. The I/O relation of the overall system is equivalent to a subsystem, in which the I/O decoupling problem has a solution. Also, if the state dimension of the plant is even, and is double the input dimension of the plant, then coprime factorizations of the plant used for the stabilizing controllers are proposed. The results are illustrated through an example.
Numeracy Predicts More Effortful and Elaborative Search Strategies in a Complex Risky Choice Context: A Process‐Tracing Approach
Authors: Jasper John D. , Bhattacharya Chandrima , Corser Ryan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe goal of the current study was to explore information search and processing differences between individuals who are less and more numerate in an attempt to better understand the mechanisms that might differentiate the choices they make. We did so using a computerized process‐tracing system known as MouseTrace, which presented monetary gambles in an alternative × attribute matrix with outcome (dollar amount) and probability information as attributes. This information was initially occluded but could be revealed by clicking on the cell that contained the desired information. Beginning with nine gambles offering the chance of gaining or losing a specified amount, participants (N = 110) narrowed down the options (to three and then one) using an inclusion or exclusion strategy. Consistent with previous research, inclusion was a more effortful strategy, and individuals who were higher in numeracy were more likely to select prospects with the highest expected value. Process measures revealed these individuals expended more effort (i.e., attended to and sought out more information and processed it in greater depth) and exhibited more compensatory processing than those who were lower in numeracy, but this sometimes depended on whether one was asked to include or exclude. These results serve as further evidence that individuals with higher levels of numeracy often engage in more elaborative processing of the decision task, which tends to lead to more optimal choices. However, they also suggest that individuals are adaptive and that the specific situation can matter. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Optimism and Event Skewness
Authors: Rose Jason P. , Aspiras Olivia , Vogel Erin , Haught Heather , Roberts Lindsay 
Published: February 2016

AbstractComparative judgment biases—wherein a majority of people report being above‐ or below‐average in their abilities, traits, or future events—are a robust phenomenon in psychology. A recent explanation for these biases has focused on people's awareness that many comparative judgment domains form skewed distributions, and, hence, a majority of people can feasibly be above or below average. Indeed, this prior research found that comparative biases for abilities emerged more for skewed (vs. normal) distributions. In the current research, we attempted to (i) conceptually replicate this finding in a comparative likelihood context and (ii) provide evidence of an alternative explanation for the prior results. Replicating prior research, three correlational studies and one experimental study found that event skewness was related to direct comparative likelihood judgments for health events, such that comparative optimism emerged more for events judged or manipulated to come from positively skewed distributions than from negatively skewed distributions. However, event skewness was unrelated to indirect comparisons (absolute self minus absolute other). Moreover, consistent with an egocentric‐processes account, absolute self‐judgments were more predictive of direct comparisons than were absolute other judgments and showed the same association with event skewness as direct comparisons. Implications for explaining and interpreting comparative judgment biases are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Landscape of UK Child Protection Research 2010 to 2014: A Mapping Review of Substantive Topics, Maltreatment Types and Research Designs
Authors: Jones Christine , Taylor Julie , MacKay Kirsteen , Soliman Francesca , Clayton Estelle , Gadda Andressa Maria , Anderson Anna , Jones Derek 
Published: February 2016

Child protection continues to be a pressing social problem. Robust and relevant research is essential in order to ensure that the scale and nature of child maltreatment are understood and that preventative and protective measures are effective. This paper reports selected results from a mapping review of research conducted in the UK and published between January 2010 and December 2014. The purpose of the review was twofold: to develop a typology of child protection research; and to use this typology to describe the features and patterns of empirical research undertaken recently in the UK in order to inform a future research agenda. The paper reports the maltreatment types, substantive topics and research designs used within empirical research published in academic journals. It identifies a number of challenges for the field including the need for conceptual clarity regarding types of abuse, greater methodological diversity and a shift of focus from response to prevention of child maltreatment. The importance of a national strategic agenda is also emphasised. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Robust and relevant research is essential in order to ensure that the scale and nature of child maltreatment are understood’Key Practitioner Messages

A substantial proportion of empirical research focuses on child maltreatment generally and less is known about some specific types of maltreatment such as exposure to domestic abuse and child trafficking.
More robust evidence is particularly needed concerning the effectiveness of interventions and choice of preventative approaches.
Research‐minded practitioners have an important contribution to make to the development of a practice‐relevant research agenda.
‘Research‐minded practitioners have an important contribution to make’
PdNP@Titanate Nanotubes as Effective Catalyst for Continuous‐Flow Partial Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Linares Noemi , Moreno‐Marrodan Carmen , Barbaro Pierluigi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPd nanoparticles were easily immobilized onto titanate nanotubes by a straightforward procedure. The material (0.50 wt % Pd) was used as catalyst in the continuous‐flow, liquid‐phase hydrogenation reaction of unsaturated C−C bonds and it showed excellent performance and durability under very mild conditions (room temperature, 1–2 bar H2, residence time 13–36 s). In particular, very high productivity was obtained in the synthesis of the perfumery component cis‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol (40.6 mol gPd−1 h−1) without additives or metal contamination, with clear benefits in terms of process economy and environmental impact compared with conventional catalysts. The catalyst performance is discussed in the light of comparable systems.
Ultrasmall Platinum Nanoparticles Supported Inside the Nanospaces of Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica with an Imidazolium Network: An Efficient Catalyst for the Aerobic Oxidation of Unactivated Alcohols in Water
Authors: Karimi Babak , Naderi Zahra , Khorasani Mojtaba , Mirzaei Hamid M. , Vali Hojatollah 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe imidazolium group inside the wall of a periodic mesoporous organosilica provides an excellent environment for the stabilization of ultrasmall Pt nanoparticles (<1.5 nm), and this allowed the formation of a catalyst system (i.e., Pt(NP)@PMO‐IL) with significant activity and recyclability in the selective aerobic oxidation of various alcohols in water at ambient pressure of oxygen. In particular, the catalyst exhibited high activity in the oxidation of unactivated primary alcohols and sterically encumbered secondary aliphatic alcohols, which remain challenging substrates for many catalytic aerobic protocols.
Total Synthesis of the 7,10‐Epimer of the Proposed Structure of Amphidinolide N, Part I: Synthesis of the C1–C13 Subunit
Authors: Ochiai Koji , Kuppusamy Sankar , Yasui Yusuke , Okano Tsubasa , Matsumoto Yasunobu , Gupta Nishant R. , Takahashi Yohei , Kubota Takaaki , Kobayashi Jun'ichi , Hayashi Yujiro 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAmphidinolide N, the structure of which has been recently revised, is a 26‐membered macrolide featuring allyl epoxide and tetrahydropyran moieties with 13 chiral centers. Due to its challenging structure and extraordinary potent cytotoxicity, amphidinolide N is a highly attractive target of total synthesis. During our total synthesis studies of the 7,10‐epimer of the proposed structure of amphidinolide N, we have synthesized the C1–C13 subunit enantio‐ and diastereoselectively. Key reactions include an l‐proline catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular aldol reaction, Evans aldol reaction, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation and Tamao–Fleming oxidation. To aid late‐stage manipulations, we also developed the 4‐(N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐N‐methylamino)butyryl group as a novel ester protective group for the C9 alcohol.
Synthesis and Aggregation Behavior of Chiral Naphthoquinoline Petroporphyrin Asphaltene Model Compounds
Authors: Schulze Matthias , Scherer Alexander , Hampel Frank , Stryker Jeffrey M. , Tykwinski Rik R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of structurally relevant compounds that model the chemical behavior and supramolecular aggregation of the asphaltenes, the most polar and metal‐rich fraction of heavy petroleum, has been extended to include fusions of important petroleum biomarkers. The synthetic protocol features a multicomponent reaction to form a dyad composed of a fused steroidal naphthoquinoline, followed by a pyrrole cyclocondensation reaction to incorporate the dyad into a chiral triad containing a NiII‐porphyrin substituent. This synthetic protocol has been used to prepare large molecules that represent both “continental” and “archipelago” models of asphaltene composition. The steroid–naphthoquinoline–porphyrin triads have been studied by UV/Vis and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies, and the results suggest that the naphthoquinoline core, a tetrahydro[4]helicene, adopts a helical conformation, producing a CD signal electronically related to the characteristic Soret absorption band of the porphyrin subunit. Finally, supramolecular aspects of asphaltene aggregation have been examined on a molecular level through analysis of axial coordination of pyridine to the Ni‐porphyrin. The relative affinity of pyridine for binding to the Ni center of the porphyrin is evaluated by comparing binding propensities in a series of sterically differentiated substituted porphyrins.
Facilely Tuning Porous NiCo2O4 Nanosheets with Metal Valence‐State Alteration and Abundant Oxygen Vacancies as Robust Electrocatalysts Towards Water Splitting
Authors: Zhu Chengzhou , Fu Shaofang , Du Dan , Lin Yuehe 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGreat efforts in developing clean electrochemical water splitting technology leads to the rational design and synthesis of highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts with low overpotential and fast reaction kinetics. Herein, we focus on the role that morphology and composition play in the OER performance to rationally design freestanding 3D porous NiCo2O4 nanosheets with metal valence states alteration and abundant oxygen vacancies as robust electrocatalysts towards water splitting. Besides metal valence‐state alteration, surface modification regarding the evolution of oxygen vacancies is facilely realized upon the sodium borohydride treatment, which is beneficial for the enhanced OER performance. Taking advantage of the porous nanostructures and abundant surface activity sites with high reactivity, the resultant nanostructures exhibit excellent OER activity and stability in alkaline electrolytes that outperform that of pristine NiCo2O4 and commercial RuO2, thus holding great potential for the water splitting.
Substrate Activity Screening (SAS) and Related Approaches in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Gladysz Rafaela , Lambeir Anne‐Marie , Joossens Jurgen , Augustyns Koen , Van der Veken Pieter 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSubstrate activity screening (SAS) was presented a decade ago by Ellman and co‐workers as a straightforward methodology for the identification of fragment‐sized building blocks for enzyme inhibitors. Ever since, SAS and variations derived from it have been successfully applied to the discovery of inhibitors of various families of enzymatically active drug targets. This review covers key achievements and challenges of SAS and related methodologies, including the modified substrate activity screening (MSAS) approach. Special attention is given to the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of these methodologies, as a thorough understanding thereof is crucial for successfully transforming the identified fragment‐sized hits into potent inhibitors.
Fragment Screening of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase for Lead Generation—Structure‐Based Hit Evaluation and Chemistry Exploration
Authors: Xue Yafeng , Olsson Thomas , Johansson Carina A , Öster Linda , Beisel Hans‐Georg , Rohman Mattias , Karis David , Bäckström Stefan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSoluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is involved in the regulation of many biological processes by metabolizing the key bioactive lipid mediator, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. For the development of sEH inhibitors with improved physicochemical properties, we performed both a fragment screening and a high‐throughput screening aiming at an integrated hit evaluation and lead generation. Followed by a joint dose–response analysis to confirm the hits, the identified actives were then effectively triaged by a structure‐based hit‐classification approach to three prioritized series. Two distinct scaffolds were identified as tractable starting points for potential lead chemistry work. The oxoindoline series bind at the right‐hand side of the active‐site pocket with hydrogen bonds to the protein. The 2‐phenylbenzimidazole‐4‐sulfonamide series bind at the central channel with significant induced fit, which has not been previously reported. On the basis of the encouraging initial results, we envision that a new lead series with improved properties could be generated if a vector is found that could merge the cyclohexyl functionality of the oxoindoline series with the trifluoromethyl moiety of the 2‐phenylbenzimidazole‐4‐sulfonamide series.
Tracking old and new colours: Material study of 16th century mural paintings from Évora Cathedral (Southern Portugal)
Authors: Helvaci Yigit Z. , Dias Luis , Manhita Ana , Martins Sérgio , Cardoso Ana , Candeias António , Gil Milene 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article describes the results of a multi‐analytical research carried out on the mural paintings from Évora Cathedral, one of the oldest and most prominent monuments of Évora city. The paintings were a late 16th Century addition to the cathedral's northern transept chapel and are attributed to the painter José de Escovar, whose painting workshop was remarkably active in the so‐called golden age of mural paintings in southern Portugal. The aim of the study was to reconstruct the paintings’ life story through a materials science perspective by discerning the material characteristics of the original and overpaint campaigns. The analytical setup comprised technical photography (TP) in the visible and UV light, Vis‐Spectrophotometry, optical microscopy (OM) complemented with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (SEM‐EDS), micro Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (µFT‐IR) and pyrolysis–gas chromatography (Py‐GC/MS) analyses of the collected samples. Results show that the original paint layers were executed with a combination of fresco and secco techniques, using a very simple chromatic palette composed of earth pigments, mercury sulphide, calcium carbonate and green copper based pigments. The paintings were heavily retouched and overpainted using earth pigments, smalt, Prussian blue, zinc white and lead white. Furthermore, the analyses of the cross‐sections taken from the stuccoed frames revealed a first decorative campaign made with gold and silver alloy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 276–282, 2016
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome masquerading as an eating disorder
Authors: Brewerton Timothy D. , Anderson Odette 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe case of a 22 year old woman with cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) presenting as an eating disorder is described. The importance of recognizing chronic cannabis use as a cause of episodic vomiting is emphasized, given that CHS can be confused with self‐induced purging and cyclic vomiting. This case was further complicated by the well‐defined history of anorexia nervosa (binge‐purge type), major depressive disorder, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, migraine headache, and the initial denial of cannabis use. However, collateral history and a positive drug screen confirmed the diagnosis. The signs, symptoms and pathophysiological mechanisms of CHS are reviewed in light of clinical presentations that mimic eating disorder phenomenology complicated by addiction. Given the trend for increasing legalization of recreational marijuana as well as medical marijuana, CHS is an important and potentially complicating disorder that eating disorder clinicians need to be aware of. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:826–829).
High order numerical simulation of the thermal load on a lobed strut injector for scramjet applications
Authors: Simsont Yann Hendrik , Gerlinger Peter 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn this paper, the thermal load on an actively cooled lobed strut injector for scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet) applications is investigated numerically. This requires coupled simulations of the strut internal and external flow fields together with the heat conduction in the solid injector body. In order to achieve a fast mixing, the lobed strut is positioned at the channel axis to inject hydrogen into the core of a Mach 3 air stream. There it is exposed to the extremely high temperatures of the high speed flow. While the external air and hydrogen flows are supersonic, the strut internal hydrogen flow is mainly subsonic, in some regions at very low Mach numbers. To enable a simulation of the internal flow field which ranges from very low to very high Mach numbers (approximately Mach 2.25 at the nozzle exit), a preconditioning technique is employed. The compressible finite‐volume scheme uses a spatially fourth order multi‐dimensional limiting process discretization, which is used here for a first time to simulate a geometrically and fluid mechanically highly complex problem. It will be demonstrated that besides its high accuracy the multi‐dimensional limiting process scheme is numerically stable even in case of demanding practical applications. The coupled simulation of the lobed strut injector delivers unique insight into the flow phenomena inside and outside the strut, the heat fluxes, the temperature distribution in the solid material, the required hydrogen mass flux with respect to cooling requirements and details concerning the conditions at the exit of the injector. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crude Oil and Agricultural Futures: An Analysis of Correlation Dynamics
Authors: Silvennoinen Annastiina , Thorp Susan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCorrelations between oil and agricultural commodities have varied over previous decades, impacted by renewable fuels policy and turbulent economic conditions. We estimate smooth transition conditional correlation models for 12 agricultural commodities and WTI crude oil. While a structural change in correlations occurred concurrently with the introduction of biofuel policy, oil and food price levels are also key influences. High correlation between biofuel feedstocks and oil is more likely to occur when food and oil price levels are high. Correlation with oil returns is strong for biofuel feedstocks, unlike with other agricultural futures, suggesting limited contagion from energy to food markets. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 36:522–544, 2016
Silicate application decreased methane emission from paddy soil under elevated UV‐B radiation
Authors: Yunsheng Lou , Yan Meng , Lixuan Ren , Lei Wu , Yiwei Zhang , Shidi Zhao , Huaiwei Zhu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of silicate application quantity and silicate fertilizer type on rice growth and methane (CH4) emission under elevated UV‐B radiation. The experiment was designed with two UV‐B radiation levels, i.e., reference UV‐B radiation (Ambient, A, 12.0 kJ·m−2·d−1), and elevated UV‐B radiation (Elevated by 20%, E, 14.4 kJ·m−2·d−1); with four silicate fertilizer levels, i.e., Si0 (no silicate application, 0 kg SiO2·ha−1), Si1 (sodium silicate, 100 kg SiO2·ha−1), Si2 (sodium silicate, 200 kg SiO2·ha−1) and Si3 (slag silicate fertilizer, 200 kg SiO2·ha−1). The results show that, silicate application could mitigate the depressive effect of elevated UV‐B radiation on rice growth and increase the tiller number, and dry weight of shoot and root biomass. Silicate application promoted rice growth, which increased with silicate application quantity (sodium silicate); slag silicate fertilizer was better than sodium silicate in promoting rice growth. Elevated UV‐B radiation could increase the emission flux and accumulative emission of CH4 in rice soil, but silicate application significantly decreased the emission flux and accumulative emission of CH4 and the methane emission decreased with the increase in silicate application quantity. At one silicate application quantity, slag silicate fertilizer was better than sodium silicate in respect of emission reduction effect. This indicates that application of slag silicate fertilizer in rice production can realize waste reuse and can effectively decrease the CH4 emission in rice field under elevated UV‐B radiation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd