bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multispecialty Evaluation of Thiel Cadavers for Surgical Training
Authors: Yiasemidou Marina , Roberts David , Glassman Daniel , Tomlinson James , Biyani Shekhar , Miskovic Danilo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundChanges in UK legislation allow for surgical procedures to be performed on cadavers. The aim of this study was to assess Thiel cadavers as high‐fidelity simulators and to examine their suitability for surgical training.MethodsSurgeons from various specialties were invited to attend a 1 day dissection workshop using Thiel cadavers. The surgeons completed a baseline questionnaire on cadaveric simulation. At the end of the workshop, they completed a similar questionnaire based on their experience with Thiel cadavers. Comparing the answers in the pre‐ and post‐workshop questionnaires assessed whether using Thiel cadavers had changed the surgeons’ opinions of cadaveric simulation.ResultsAccording to the 27 participants, simulation is important for surgical training and a full‐procedure model is beneficial for all levels of training. Currently, there is dissatisfaction with existing models and a need for high‐fidelity alternatives. After the workshop, surgeons concluded that Thiel cadavers are suitable for surgical simulation (p = 0.015). Thiel were found to be realistic (p < 0.001) to have reduced odour (p = 0.002) and be more cost‐effective (p = 0.003). Ethical constraints were considered to be small.ConclusionThiel cadavers are suitable for training in most surgical specialties.
Association Between Lifetime Headache and History of Suicide Attempts in the Elderly
Authors: Calati R. , Courtet P. , Norton J. , Ritchie K. , Artero S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundPain-related conditions have been reported to play a key role among risk factors for suicide. Headache in particular has been repeatedly associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The aims of this study were: 1) to assess the association between lifetime headache (both non-migrainous headache and migraine) and lifetime suicide attempts (SA); 2) to differentiate, within subjects with lifetime SA, patients with and without lifetime headache in terms of socio-demographic and clinical features.MethodsWe studied 1965 subjects from a cohort of community-dwelling persons aged 65 years and over without dementia (the ESPRIT study), divided in two groups: those with (n = 75), and those without a lifetime SA (n = 1890). Logistic regression analyses were used to compare these groups according to lifetime headache status.ResultsAfter adjusting for gender, living alone, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and depressive, manic/hypomanic and anxiety disorders, lifetime headache frequency was significantly higher in subjects with a lifetime SA compared with controls (OR = 1.92 [1.17–3.15]). Additionally, different factors were identified as being associated with lifetime SA in participants with lifetime headache (female gender, a lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insomnia, lifetime major depression) versus participants without headache (glycemia and lifetime major depression).ConclusionsLifetime headache was associated with lifetime SA. Subjects who are women and report the co-occurrence of headache and insomnia as well as lifetime major depression require higher attention and a careful screening for suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
Firm Heterogeneity and Trade-Policy StancesEvidence from a Survey of Japanese Producers
Authors: Plouffe Michael 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecent research in international political economy has begun to explore the implications of producer heterogeneity for trade politics. Variations in productivity and size lead to systematic variations in market behaviors, especially with respect to firms’ abilities to engage foreign markets. This heterogeneity similarly leads to systematic variations in policy stances: Highly productive firms are more likely to favor trade liberalization than their less productive counterparts. I test the role of firm heterogeneity on trade-policy stances using original and representative survey data of Japanese manufacturers. I find that highly productive firms are more likely to favor liberalization than others, while a large portion of producers is indifferent to trade-policy reform. Other producers do not know how they would be impacted by liberalization; these tend to be smaller than their counterparts. The relationship between productivity and pro-trade attitudes is robust, even when controlling for a wide range of internationalization modes.
Hegemonic Nationalism, Subordinate Marxism: The Mexican Left, 1945–7
Authors: BOOTH WILLIAM A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe most significant weakness of the Marxist Left in early Cold War Mexico was that it subordinated itself to post-revolutionary nationalism. Both the Mexican Communist Party and followers of Vicente Lombardo Toledano supported the ruling Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Institutional Revolutionary Party, PRI), avoiding significant criticism before late 1947. Some dissident currents of Marxism did exist, but they were sparsely followed. Mexico provides an extreme case of Left subordination to popular-nationalist ideology, yet is indicative of trends visible elsewhere, e.g. among Marxist groups in post-war Cuba and the United States. Rather than promoting notions of communist political practice, the Mexican Marxist Left consistently advocated the elimination of class conflict and support for the ‘national bourgeoisie’. The Marxist Left held the Mexican government to different standards from those to which they held the governments of other countries. A near-consensus on the Mexican Left equated patriotism with progressive politics. The argument is illustrated with an important case study: the 1947 Marxist Round Table.
Interactions of noradrenaline and cortisol and the induction of indelible memories
Authors: Hurlemann René , Maier Wolfgang , Scheele Dirk 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects (GANE) model emphasizes the role of focal glutamate–noradrenaline interactions in creating functional hotspots for prioritized processing of salient stimuli. Here, we briefly outline current evidence that synergistic action of noradrenaline and cortisol enables emotional stimuli to gain privileged access to amygdala–hippocampus circuits, eventually resulting in the formation of indelible memories and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Effect of arousal on perception as studied through the lens of the motor correlates of sexual arousal
Authors: Mouras Harold 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe study of sexual arousal is at the interface of affective and social neurosciences. Recent results regarding the motor correlates of sexual arousal demonstrating an early freezing response are in perfect accordance with the GANE (glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects) model's sustaining the double role of the arousal dimension on emotional processing.
Cognitive control, dynamic salience, and the imperative toward computational accounts of neuromodulatory function
Authors: Warren Christopher Michael , Murphy Peter Richard , Nieuwenhuis Sander 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe draw attention to studies indicating that phasic arousal increases interference effects in tasks necessitating the recruitment of cognitive control. We suggest that arousal-biased competition models such as GANE (glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects) may be able to explain these findings by taking into account dynamic, within-trial changes in the relative salience of task-relevant and task-irrelevant features. However, testing this hypothesis requires a computational model.
Attention and memory-driven effects in action studies
Authors: Tseng Philip , Lane Timothy , Bridgeman Bruce 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe provide empirical examples to conceptually clarify some items on Firestone & Scholl's (F&S's) checklist, and to explain perceptual effects from an attentional and memory perspective. We also note that action and embodied cognition studies seem to be most susceptible to misattributing attentional and memory effects as perceptual, and identify four characteristics unique to action studies and possibly responsible for misattributions.
Impact of HIV on inpatient mortality and complications in stroke in Thailand: a National Database Study
Authors: CUMMING K. , TIAMKAO S. , KONGBUNKIAT K. , CLARK A. B. , BETTENCOURT-SILVA J. H. , SAWANYAWISUTH K. , KASEMSAP N. , MAMAS M. A. , SEELEY J. A. , MYINT P. K. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYThe co-existence of stroke and HIV has increased in recent years, but the impact of HIV on post-stroke outcomes is poorly understood. We examined the impact of HIV on inpatient mortality, length of acute hospital stay and complications (pneumonia, respiratory failure, sepsis and convulsions), in hospitalized strokes in Thailand. All hospitalized strokes between 1 October 2004 and 31 January 2013 were included. Data were obtained from a National Insurance Database. Characteristics and outcomes for non-HIV and HIV patients were compared and multivariate logistic and linear regression models were constructed to assess the above outcomes. Of 610 688 patients (mean age 63·4 years, 45·4% female), 0·14% (866) had HIV infection. HIV patients were younger, a higher proportion were male and had higher prevalence of anaemia (P < 0·001) compared to non-HIV patients. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension and diabetes, were more common in the non-HIV group (P < 0·001). After adjusting for age, sex, stroke type and co-morbidities, HIV infection was significantly associated with higher odds of sepsis [odds ratio (OR) 1·75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·29–2·4], and inpatient mortality (OR 2·15, 95% CI 1·8–2·56) compared to patients without HIV infection. The latter did not attenuate after controlling for complications (OR 2·20, 95% CI 1·83–2·64). HIV infection is associated with increased odds of sepsis and inpatient mortality after acute stroke.
La liaison en diatopie: esquisse d'une typologie
Authors: CÔTÉ MARIE-HÉLÈNE 
Published: January 2017

RÉSUMÉCet article apporte un éclairage nouveau sur la dimension diatopique de la liaison en français, largement négligée dans la littérature par rapport à la variation sociale ou stylistique. L'analyse de données récentes du corpus PFC montre une variation importante dans l'espace francophone, au-delà d'un ensemble stable de contextes de liaison catégorique. Deux dimensions de la variabilité sont identifiées: (1) la réalisation de la liaison variable, reliée au contact avec des langues qui maintiennent l'autonomie prosodique du mot ; (2) la prégnance des liaisons non standard, associée au poids de la norme dans le développement historique des variétés.
À la recherche d'une norme de prononciation: le modèle des présentateurs de télévision
Authors: PUSTKA ELISSA , CHALIER MARC , JANSEN LUISE 
Published: January 2017

RÉSUMÉLa ‘meilleure’ prononciation française se trouve, selon les représentations des locuteurs, chez les présentateurs de télévision. Pour la liaison, cette étude montre, sur la base de plus de 8 heures de parole et 30 locuteurs, que ces locuteurs-modèles constituent un groupe homogène présentant un comportement hétérogène en fonction du médium et de la situation (lecture, présentation de nouvelles, parole spontanée). Les résultats suggèrent entre autres que la liaison entre adjectif et substantif au singulier ainsi quʼaprès préposition monosyllabique devrait toujours être enseignée comme obligatoire, et ce, même si les corpus de locuteurs ʻordinairesʼ présentent des exceptions.
Analyse fréquentielle de la liaison variable dans un corpus de français parlé
Authors: BARRECA GIULIA , CHRISTODOULIDES GEORGE 
Published: January 2017

RÉSUMÉNotre contribution se propose de mener une analyse fréquentielle de la liaison variable à partir des données de parole semi-spontanée extraites du corpus « Phonologie du Français Contemporain » (Durand, Laks et Lyche, 2002; 2009). Les résultats de notre étude confirment la présence d'une distribution de Mandelbrot-Zipf des réalisations, selon laquelle un nombre limité de séquences permet de rendre compte de plus de la moitié des occurrences. Ces données semblent davantage remettre en discussion un traitement unitaire de la liaison basé sur des règles et apporter des arguments en faveur d'une approche exemplariste d’étude de la liaison.
L'acquisition des liaisons après les clitiques préverbaux est-elle spécifique ? Apport d'une expérimentation à grande échelle
Authors: DUGUA CÉLINE , NARDY AURÉLIE , LIÉGEOIS LOÏC , CHEVROT JEAN-PIERRE , CHABANAL DAMIEN 
Published: January 2017

RÉSUMÉL'acquisition des liaisons est bien documentée et a donné lieu à plusieurs théorisations, dont un modèle basé sur l'usage, essentiellement étayé sur des données expérimentales recueillies en contexte déterminant-nom. Notre but est d'examiner si ce modèle est généralisable à la liaison après les clitiques verbaux, deuxième grand contexte de liaison catégorique. Nous observons les productions de 205 enfants âgés de 3 à 6 ans recueillies dans le contexte de tâches expérimentales. L’étude permet de poser des repères sur l'acquisition de la liaison préverbale et de la comparer à la liaison prénominale.
Retrospective Analysis of Patient Presentations at the Sydney (Australia) Royal Easter Show from 2012 to 2014
Authors: Crabtree Nathan , Mo Shirley , Ong Leon , Jegathees Thuvarahan , Wei Daniel , Fahey David , Liu Jia (Jenny) 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionComprehensive studies on the relationship between patient demographics and subsequent treatment and disposition at a single mass-gathering event are lacking. The Sydney Royal Easter Show (SRES; Sydney Olympic Park, New South Wales, Australia) is an annual, 14-day, agricultural mass-gathering event occurring around the Easter weekend, attracting more than 800,000 patrons per year. In this study, patient records from the SRES were analyzed to examine relationships between weather, crowd size, day of week, and demographics on treatment and disposition. This information would help to predict factors affecting patient treatment and disposition to guide ongoing training of first responders and to evaluate the appropriateness of staffing skills mix at future events.HypothesisPatient demographics, environmental factors, and attendance would influence the nature and severity of presentations at the SRES, which would influence staffing requirements.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 4,141 patient record forms was performed for patients who presented to St John Ambulance (Australian Capital Territory, Australia) at the SRES between 2012 and 2014 inclusive. Presentation type was classified using a previously published minimum data set. Data on weather and crowd size were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) and the SRES, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v22 (IBM; Armonk, New York USA).ResultsBetween 2012 to 2014, over 2.5 million people attended the SRES with 4,141 patients treated onsite. As expected, the majority of presentations were injuries (49%) and illnesses (46%). Although patient demographics and presentation types did not change over time, the duration of treatment increased. A higher proportion of patients were discharged to hospital or home compared to the proportion of patients discharged back to the event. Patients from rural/regional locations (accounting for 15% of all patients) were more likely to require advanced treatment, health professional review, and were more likely to be discharged to hospital or home rather than discharged back to the event. Extremes of temperature were associated with a lower crowd size and higher patient presentation rate (PPR), but had no impact on transfer or referral rates to hospital.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that analyses of patient presentations at an agricultural show provide unique insights on weather, attendance, and demographic features that correlated with treatment and disposition. These data can help guide organizers with information on how to better staff and train health care providers at future mass-gathering events of this type.CrabtreeN,MoS,OngL,JegatheesT,WeiD,FaheyD,LiuJ.Retrospective analysis of patient presentations at the Sydney (Australia) Royal Easter Show from 2012 to 2014.Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(2)187–194.
Practical Reason and Respect for Persons
Authors: Merritt Melissa McBay 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMy project is to reconsider the Kantian conception of practical reason. Some Kantians take practical reasoning to be more active than theoretical reasoning, on the grounds that it need not contend with what is there anyway, independently of its exercise. Behind that claim stands the thesis that practical reason is essentially efficacious. I accept the efficacy principle, but deny that it underwrites this conception of practical reason. My inquiry takes place against the background of recent Kantian metaethical debate — each side of which, I argue, points to issues that need to be jointly accommodated in the account of practical reason. From the constructivist, I accept the essential efficacy of practical reason; from the realist, I accept that any genuinely cognitive exercise of practical reason owes allegiance to what is there anyway, independently of its exercise. I conclude that a Kantian account of recognition respect enables us to accommodate both claims.
Reentrant equilibrium disordering in nanoparticle–polymer mixtures
Authors: Meng Dong , Kumar Sanat K. , Grest Gary S. , Mahynski Nathan A. , Panagiotopoulos Athanassios Z. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA large body of experimental work has established that athermal colloid/polymer mixtures undergo a sequence of transitions from a disordered fluid state to a colloidal crystal to a second disordered phase with increasing polymer concentration. These transitions are driven by polymer-mediated interparticle attraction, which is a function of both the polymer density and size. It has been posited that the disordered state at high polymer density is a consequence of strong interparticle attractions that kinetically inhibit the formation of the colloidal crystal, i.e., the formation of a non-equilibrium gel phase interferes with crystallization. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory on polymers and nanoparticles (NPs) of comparable size and show that the crystal-disordered phase coexistence at high polymer density for sufficiently long chains corresponds to an equilibrium thermodynamic phase transition. While the crystal is, indeed, stabilized at intermediate polymer density by polymer-induced intercolloid attractions, it is destabilized at higher densities because long chains lose significant configurational entropy when they are forced to occupy all of the crystal voids. Our results are in quantitative agreement with existing experimental data and show that, at least in the nanoparticle limit of sufficiently small colloidal particles, the crystal phase only has a modest range of thermodynamic stability.
Comparison of dissimilarity measures for cluster analysis of X-ray diffraction data from combinatorial libraries
Authors: Iwasaki Yuma , Kusne A. Gilad , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMachine learning techniques have proven invaluable to manage the ever growing volume of materials research data produced as developments continue in high-throughput materials simulation, fabrication, and characterization. In particular, machine learning techniques have been demonstrated for their utility in rapidly and automatically identifying potential composition–phase maps from structural data characterization of composition spread libraries, enabling rapid materials fabrication-structure-property analysis and functional materials discovery. A key issue in development of an automated phase-diagram determination method is the choice of dissimilarity measure, or kernel function. The desired measure reduces the impact of confounding structural data issues on analysis performance. The issues include peak height changes and peak shifting due to lattice constant change as a function of composition. In this work, we investigate the choice of dissimilarity measure in X-ray diffraction-based structure analysis and the choice of measure’s performance impact on automatic composition-phase map determination. Nine dissimilarity measures are investigated for their impact in analyzing X-ray diffraction patterns for a Fe–Co–Ni ternary alloy composition spread. The cosine, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Jensen–Shannon divergence measures are shown to provide the best performance in the presence of peak height change and peak shifting (due to lattice constant change) when the magnitude of peak shifting is unknown. With prior knowledge of the maximum peak shifting, dynamic time warping in a normalized constrained mode provides the best performance. This work also serves to demonstrate a strategy for rapid analysis of a large number of X-ray diffraction patterns in general beyond data from combinatorial libraries.
Attenuated contact heat-evoked potentials associated with sensory and social-emotional symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Chien Yi-Ling , Wu Shao-Wei , Chu Chih-Pang , Hsieh Sung-Tsang , Chao Chi-Chao , Gau Susan Shur-Fen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSensory disturbance is associated with socio-emotional problems in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Most studies assess sensory symptoms by self-reports, which are largely limited by the language ability and self-awareness of the individuals. This study aims to investigate sensory disturbance by contact heat-evoked potentials (CHEP) in ASD individuals, and to examine the clinical correlates of CHEP parameters. We compared the CHEP parameters and reported pain between 31 ASD individuals (aged 20.5 ± 5.2 years) and and 22 typically-developing controls (TD, aged 21.4 ± 2.6), and correlated the CHEP parameters with self-reported sensory symptoms and attention/socio-emotional symptoms. We found that ASD individuals showed smaller P2-wave amplitudes than TD, even though they reported a similar level of pain. In TD individuals, a smaller P2-wave amplitude was related to higher scores on ‘low registration,’ ‘attention to detail,’ and ‘attention switching difficulties.’ In ASD individuals, longer N2-wave latency was related to higher scores on ‘sensory sensitivity’ and socio-emotional problems; while higher reported pain was associated with higher scores on ‘low registration,’ overall autistic severity, and longer N2-wave latency. Our findings of attenuated CHEP response in ASD, which was associated with sensory symptoms and socio-emotional problems, suggest a potential role for CHEP in studying sensory disturbances in ASD.