bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basosquamous cutaneous carcinoma: a rare case study involving the perineum and review of the literature
Authors: Lu Charles , Fox Mackenzie E , Shapiro Alexandra F , Parker Glenn S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare form of non-melanoma skin cancer with significant invasive and metastatic potential. This malignancy presents unique challenges in diagnostic and therapeutic options given its ambiguous clinical nature. While there are documented cases of BSC involving the aerodigestive tract and sun-exposed areas like the head and neck, cutaneous BSC in the gluteal and perineal regions remains quite rare. In this report, we provide an overview of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and prognosis of this disease. We describe a case of a 71-year-old female who presented for evaluation of a symptomatic right-sided cutaneous lesion in the inner gluteal and perineal region. Upfront surgical resection was pursued for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Final pathology of the lesion revealed infiltrating BSC with negative margins. Although BSC typically presents in sun-exposed areas, the presentation in this patient in a non-sun-exposed area makes this presentation unusual.
Heating in the solar atmosphere at a fin current sheet driven by magnetic flux cancellation
Authors: Priest Eric R , Pontin David I 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Magnetic reconnection before flux cancellation in the solar photosphere when two opposite-polarity photospheric magnetic fragments are approaching one another is usually modelled by assuming that a small so-called ‘floating current sheet’ forms about a null point or separator that is situated in the overlying atmosphere. Here, instead we consider the reconnection that is initiated as soon as the fragments become close enough that their magnetic fields interact. The resulting current sheet, which we term a ‘fin sheet’ extends up from the null point or separator that is initially located in the solar surface. We develop here non-linear analyses for finite-length models of both fin and floating current sheets that extend the previous models that were limited to short floating current sheets. These enable the length of the current sheet and the rate of heating to be calculated in both cases as functions of the separation distance of the sources and the reconnection rate. Usually, the fin current sheet liberates more energy than a floating current sheet.
JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy of intermediate-mass quiescent galaxies at z ~ 3-4
Authors: Sato Riku A , Inoue Akio K , Harikane Yuichi , Shimakawa Rhythm , Sugahara Yuma , Tamura Yoichi , Hashimoto Takuya , Ito Kei , Yamanaka Satoshi , Mawatari Ken , Fudamoto Yoshinobu , Ren Yi W 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the analysis of three intermediate-mass quiescent galaxies (QGs) with stellar masses of ${\sim} 10^{10}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ at redshifts $z\sim 3\!-\!4$ using NIRSpec low-resolution spectroscopy. Utilizing the spectral energy distribution fitting code bagpipes, we confirm these target galaxies are consistent with quiescent population, with their specific star formation rates falling below 2 dex the star-forming main sequence at the same redshifts. Additionally, we identify these QGs to be less massive than those discovered in previous works, particularly prior to the JWST era. Two of our target galaxies exhibit the potentially blended $\mathrm{ H} \, {\alpha }$ + [N ii] emission line within their spectra with signal-to-noise ratio ${\gt} 5$. We discuss whether this feature comes from an active galactic nucleus (AGN) or star formation, although future high-resolution spectroscopy is required to reach a conclusion. One of the target galaxies is covered by JWST/NIRCam imaging of the Public Release IMaging for Extragalactic Research survey. Using the 2D profile fitting code galfit, we examine its morphology, revealing a disc-like profile with a Sérsic index of $n=1.1 \pm 0.1$. On the size–mass relation, we find a potential distinction between less massive ($\log _{10}{(M_*/\mathrm{M}_\odot)}\lt 10.3$) and massive ($\log _{10}{(M_*/\mathrm{M}_\odot)}\gt 10.3$) QGs in their evolutionary pathways. The derived quenching time-scales for our targets are less than $1 \, {\rm Gyr}$. This may result from these galaxies being quenched by AGN feedback, supporting the AGN scenario of the emission line features.
Feeling Carcerality: How Carceral Seepage Shapes Racialized Emotions
Authors: Serrano Uriel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article examines how young people experience policing and reveals the emotional weight of the carceral state. Drawing on interviews and focus groups with over forty Black and non-Black Latinx young men in Los Angeles County, I argue that the racialized emotions the young men allude to do not stem from one individual encounter with the police or any single identifiable source. Instead, they are responses to the ongoing violence of what I describe as carceral seepage: witnessing the policing of loved ones and peers, the omnipresence of police, and the vulnerability of being criminalized across social contexts (schools, healthcare settings, neighborhood settings, etc.). Integrating theories on racialized emotions and the slow violence of policing, I use carceral seepage to show the breadth of the carceral state and demonstrate how it elicits a particular set of racialized emotional responses (or racialized emotions).
Everything, everywhere, and all at once: A blueprint for supra‐organization of core facilities
Authors: Elkayam Cohen Tsiona , Fluhr Robert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCore facilities are crucial for cutting‐edge scientific research in academic institutions, yet they place a significant financial burden on budgets. The viability of these facilities can be improved through cross‐institutional collaborations, although initiating and sustaining such partnerships poses challenges. Insights from Israel's recent nationwide organization of core facilities could offer valuable lessons for fostering similar cooperation elsewhere. Despite the chronic shortfall in public research funding, Israeli research institutions were slow to fully embrace infrastructure sharing. This gap led to the creation of the Israel Research Core Facilities (IRCF) in 2022, which linked core facilities across the country through a bottom‐up approach. IRCF facilitated the formation of numerous specialized nation‐wide networks for intellectual exchange, and supported training workshops and meetings aimed at core technology providers. These initiatives serve dual purposes: they ensure the ongoing advancement of technological capabilities across facilities, regardless of their size or location, and they strengthen the commitment to the IRCF mission by motivating the maintenance of the IRCF database. As a result, a model of “capacity sharing” emerged, connecting all of Israel's core facility centers. This model enhances infrastructure use, supports strategic planning, and fosters growth. With over 450 core experts offering over 1100 scientific services consolidated into a publicly accessible database, IRCF supports research in universities, hospitals, government, and industry. This strategy could act as a model for creating regional core facility organizations to elevate research quality and ensure efficient infrastructure development.
Critical patient safeguards for ambulatory surgery centers
Authors: Eklund Jamey E. , Chang Candace C. , Donnelly Melanie J. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
The role of ambulatory surgery centers in surgical care is evolving, as lower facility fees and improved patient experience increase the popularity of these venues. As care expands in ambulatory surgery center, so does the complexity of cases and patients cared for in these centers, which may pose a risk for patient safety. Anesthesiologists should lead multidisciplinary teams to screen for appropriate patients and procedures.

Recent findings
Patient considerations go beyond physical status and include psychosocial factors. Ensuring patients understand preoperative instructions is crucial to decrease case cancellation rates and facilitate efficiency. Pediatric patients require special considerations including extra attention to preprocedure and postoperative care and instructions, PALS-certified staff, pediatric equipment and medications, as well as heightened awareness of respiratory complications.

Summary
Procedural concerns start with the capabilities of the facility such as equipment, pharmacy, and staffing for each phase of care. However, nuances such as patient throughput in a given day, emergency preparedness, and after-hours staffing will affect both patient safety and staff morale. This article outlines the issues leaders need to consider to ensure patient safety in ambulatory surgery centers.
Recruitment of Abdominal and Neck Muscles During Four Different Exercises in Healthy Adults
Authors: Gabison Sharon , Ho Andrew , Goligher Ewan , Campos Marcelle , Schreiber Annia , Reid W. Darlene 
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose:
Prolonged mechanical ventilation can greatly increase morbidity and mortality. Diaphragm weakness has been identified as a major contributor for 50% of patients; however, other muscles besides the diaphragm contribute to efficient ventilatory function. The purpose of this study was to compare the change in deoxyhemoglobin (ΔHHb) and muscle oxygen saturation (ΔSmO2) (markers of muscle recruitment) of 3 extra-diaphragmatic muscles across 4 different bed exercises.

Methods:
Using a pretest–posttest design, healthy participants (n = 18) performed 3 minutes of 30 repetitions of 4 exercises: resisted trunk flexion (TF), resisted neck flexion (NF), expiratory threshold loading (ETL), and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the rectus abdominis and external obliques. Near infrared spectroscopy was used to measure ΔHHb, and ΔSmO2 in the sternocleidomastoid, rectus abdominis, and external obliques during these exercises.

Results:
Increases of ΔHHb were highest for the sternocleidomastoid during NF and for rectus abdominis and external obliques during TF (P
< .010). The opposite pattern was shown for ΔSmO2; decreases of ΔSmO2 were largest for the sternocleidomastoid during NF and for rectus abdominis and external obliques during TF (P
< .005). No significant differences were observed in ΔHHb and ΔSmO2 for rectus abdominis and external obliques during ETL versus NF or NMES nor were there differences when comparing NF versus NMES for these 2 muscles.

Conclusion:
TF and NF are most effective for recruiting abdominal muscles and sternocleidomastoid, respectively, whereas ETL showed a variable response. Stimulation parameters of NMES and its tolerance can limit outcomes.
Exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and early-onset female breast cancer in a case–control study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Waddingham Claudia M. , Hinton Patrick , Villeneuve Paul J. , Brook Jeffrey R. , Lavigne Eric , Larsen Kristian , King Will D. , Wen Deyong , Meng Jun , Zhang Junhua , Galarneau Elisabeth , Harris Shelley A. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of toxicologically important and understudied air pollutants. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that chronic exposure to PAHs increases breast cancer risk; however, there are few studies in nonoccupational settings that focus on early-onset diagnoses.

Methods:
The relationship between residentially-based ambient PAH concentrations and female breast cancer, among those 18–45 years of age, was characterized in the Ontario Environment and Health Study (OEHS). The OEHS was a population-based case–control study undertaken in Ontario, Canada between 2013 and 2015. Primary incident breast cancers were identified within 3 months of diagnosis, and a population-based series of controls were recruited. Concentrations of ambient PAHs, using fluoranthene as a surrogate, were derived using a chemical transport model at a 2.5 km spatial resolution. These estimates were assigned to participants’ residences at the time of the interview and 5 years prior. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on a quartile categorization of fluoranthene exposure while adjusting for a series of individual- and area-level risk factors. The shape of the exposure–response trend was evaluated using cubic splines.

Results:
Median fluoranthene exposure for cases and controls was 0.0017 µg/m3 and 0.0014 µg/m3, respectively. In models adjusted for a parsimonious set of risk factors, the highest quartile of exposure was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.22, 3.84). Restricted spline analyses revealed nonlinear dose–response patterns.

Conclusions:
These findings support the hypothesis that ambient PAH exposures increases the risk of early-onset breast cancer.
Association of Psychological and Physical Stress Response With Weight Gain in University Employees in Japan
Authors: Matsumura Yuichiro , Yamamoto Ryohei , Shinzawa Maki , Nakamura Yuko , Li Quiyan , Mizui Masayuki , Matsui Isao , Sakaguchi Yusuke , Shinomiya Haruki , Ishibashi Chisaki , Nakanishi Kaori , Kanayama Daisuke , Adachi Hiroyoshi , Nagatomo Izumi 
Published: October 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to clarify the association of job stressor score (A score), psychological and physical stress response score (B score), and social support (C score), with the incidence of ≥10% weight gain.

Methods
This study included 10,036 university employees who completed the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) and annual health checkups between 2016 and 2021. The incidence of ≥10% weight gain from baseline weight was measured. Participants were classified into four categories based on their BJSQ dimension scores.

Results
B score was significantly associated with the incidence of weight gain, whereas A and C scores were not. Participants of Q75–89, and Q90–100 categories of B score were at significantly high risk of the incidence of ≥10% weight gain.

Conclusions
Psychological and physical stress response had an increasing risk of weight gain.
The Association of Employee’s Unmet Social Needs and Self-Reported Injury and Illness Related Absenteeism
Authors: Jenkins Kristi Rahrig , Stiehl Emily , Franklin Joryan , Sherman Bruce 
Published: October 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to examine the extent to which various unmet social needs (USN) are associated with self-reported injury and illness-related absenteeism (SRIRA).

Methods
The analysis consisted of a retrospective study design of secondary data. Linear regression was used to measure the 2022 association between six measures of USN (both individual and a summary measure) and SRIRA.

Results
A greater number of USN is associated with higher SRIRA (b = 0.71, P < 0.001). Self-reported challenges in caregiving, food, healthcare, housing, transportation, and utilities are also individually significantly associated with higher SRIRA.

Conclusions
Employers may consider providing comprehensive resource support as part of their strategy to aid in reducing USN and their association with SRIRA.
New perspectives of drug related kidney diseases and disorders
Authors: Kane-Gill Sandra L. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to provide a discussion of new perspectives for up-to-date definitions, a contemporary classification system, and the potential role of stress and damage biomarkers in the context of drug related kidney diseases and disorders.

Recent findings
Acute kidney disease (AKD) is a term recently introduced in the literature describing an abnormality in kidney structure and function that lasts for less than 3 months. Drugs in the context of AKD is described as a new perspective; referred to as drug induced AKD. A framework that includes drugs into the 2X2 classification schema for acute kidney injury (AKI) is provided. Finally, stress and damage biomarkers are examined to assess risk of drug associated AKI (D-AKI), differentiate which drugs cause AKI, differentiate drugs from other etiologies and assess the prognosis of D-AKI.

Summary
Consistent definitions should be adopted with consideration to drug related diseases and disorders. Drug management can be guided using novel biomarkers to isolate a possible drug cause in the presence of more than one nephrotoxin or a nondrug cause, assisting with the diagnosis of pseudo-AKI, and deciding the likelihood AKI recovery. Furthermore, stress and damage kidney biomarkers provide the opportunity to detect subclinical AKI for early intervention in patients at high-risk for severe AKI.
Fluid management of acute kidney injury
Authors: Fahey Alison , Neligan Patrick J. , McNicholas Bairbre 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is commonly encountered in critical care medicine as is intravenous fluid therapy. It is accepted that there is interplay between fluid use and AKI, both potentially positive and negative. An understanding of the physiological rationale for fluid is important to help clinicians when considering fluid therapy in patients with, or at risk for AKI; this includes understanding choice of fluid, method of monitoring, administration and clinical sequelae.

Recent findings
There is increasing interest in combining both static and dynamic measures to assess fluid balance, fluid responsiveness effects of fluid therapy, which are areas requiring ongoing study to translate this theory into clinically useful practice at the bedside. Whilst the debate of choice of crystalloid in ICU practice continues, further evidence for benefits for balanced solutions emerges in the form of international guidelines and patient data meta-analysis of previously performed trials.

Summary
This review assesses the physiological rationale for fluid use in ICU cohorts with AKI of various types, as well as a systematic approach for choice of fluid therapy using a number of different variables, which aims to help guide clinicians in managing fluid use and fluid balance in critically ill patients with AKI.
Hemodynamic management of acute kidney injury
Authors: De Backer Daniel , Rimachi Rocio , Duranteau Jacques 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
To discuss the role of hemodynamic management in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.

Recent findings
Acute kidney injury (AKI) may be associated with persistent alterations in renal perfusion, even when cardiac output and blood pressure are preserved. The effects of interventions aiming at increasing renal perfusion are best evaluated by renal Doppler or contrast enhance ultrasound. However, limited data have been acquired with these techniques and the essential of the literature is based on surrogates of renal function such as incidence of use of renal replacement therapy. Fluids may increase renal perfusion but their effects are quite unpredictable and can be dissociated from their impact on cardiac output and arterial pressure. Inotropes can also be used in selected conditions. At the de-escalation phase, fluid withdrawal should be considered. Safe fluid withdrawal may be achieved when applied in selected patients with preserved tissue perfusion presenting signs of fluid intolerance. When applied, stopping rules should be set. Dobutamine, milrinone and levosimendan increase renal perfusion in AKI associated with cardiac failure or after cardiac surgery. However, the impact of these agents in sepsis is not well defined. Regarding vasopressors, norepinephrine is the first-line vasopressor agent, but vasopressin derivative may limit the requirement of renal replacement therapy. Angiotensin has promising effects in a limited size post-Hoc analysis of a RCT, but these data need to be confirmed. While correction of severe hypotension is associated with improved renal perfusion and function, the optimal mean arterial pressure (MAP) target level remains undefined, Systematic increase in MAP results in variable changes in renal perfusion. It sounds reasonable to individualize MAP target, paying attention to central venous and intraabdominal pressures, as well as to the response to an increase in MAP.

Summary
Recent studies have refined the impact of the various hemodynamic interventions on renal perfusion and function in critically ill patients with AKI. Though several of these interventions improve renal perfusion, their impact on renal function is more variable.
Protective mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients after surgery
Authors: Zorrilla-Vaca Andres , Arevalo Jimmy J. , Grant Michael C. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
This review aims to provide an updated overview of lung protective strategies in critically ill patients after surgery, focusing on the utility of postoperative open-lung ventilation during the transition from the operating room to the intensive care unit.

Recent findings
Mechanically ventilated patients after surgery represent a challenge in the intensive care unit. Different protective strategies have been proposed to minimize the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and facilitate adequate weaning from mechanical ventilation. Fast-track extubation protocols, increasingly standard in the care of critically ill patients postsurgery, have demonstrated improvements in recovery and reductions in acute lung injury, primarily based on retrospective studies. Open-lung ventilation strategies, such as individualization of positive-end expiratory pressure based on driving pressure and postoperative noninvasive ventilation support with high-flow nasal cannula, are becoming standard of care in high-risk surgical patients after major abdominal or thoracic surgeries.

Summary
Mechanical ventilation in surgical patients should adhere to lung protective strategies (i.e., individualizing positive end expiratory pressure and prioritize alveolar recruitment) during the transition from the operating room to the intensive care unit.
Developments in the epidemiology of calcium channel blocker poisoning and implications for management
Authors: Simpson Michael D. , Cole Jon B. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to outline recent developments in calcium channel blocker (CCB) poisoning. The dihydropyridine CCB amlodipine is commonly prescribed in the United States, and amlodipine poisoning is increasing in frequency, presenting new challenges for clinicians because current paradigms of CCB poisoning management arose from literature on non-dihydropyridine agents.

Recent findings
Amlodipine is now the most common CCB involved in poisoning. High-dose insulin is a potent inotrope and vasodilator; as such, it should be used cautiously, and typically in conjunction with vasopressors, as it theoretically may worsen vasodilation in amlodipine poisoning. High-dose insulin is best used when some degree of cardiogenic shock is suspected. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization in CCB poisoning appears to be increasing, but high flow rates may be needed to combat amlodipine-induced vasoplegia. Intravenous lipid emulsion cannot be routinely recommended but may have a role in peri-arrest situations. Adjunct treatments such as angiotensin II, methylene blue, and hydroxocobalamin offer theoretical benefit but warrant further study.

Summary
Amlodipine causes most cases of CCB poisoning and can induce both cardiogenic and distributive shock through multiple mechanisms. Clinicians should tailor treatment to suspected shock etiology, be aware of adjunct treatments for refractory shock, and consult an expert in poisoning.