bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation, trajectory and distribution variants of the median nerve of the fetus
Authors: Tudorache I. S. , Bordei P. , Iliescu D. M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Our study was performed by dissection on a number of 54 nervous trunks of the median nerve of the fetus. We found that the median nerve is always formed from two roots, their joining being at different levels of the upper limb, between the axilla and the elbow. The axilla nerve trunk was formed at the level of the axillary region, in 38.89% of the cases, in 22.22% of the cases the union was made at the middle part of the arm, and in 38.89% of the cases in the elbow. The lateral root of the medial nerve was formed in 55.56% of cases from a single nerve fascicle, in 44.44% of cases consisting of two nerve fascicles. The medial root was formed in 61.11% of cases from a single nerve fascicle, in 38.89% of the cases being made up of two nerve fascicles. In 27.78% of cases, the medial root passed behind the axillary artery. Regarding the volume of the two roots, we found that in 44.44% of the cases, the lateral root was more voluminous, in 27.78% of cases, the median root was larger and in 27.78% of cases, the two roots were approximately equal. We have encountered situations where a ramification for the forearms muscles emerged from the lateral root. Occasionally, a ram for the brachial muscle was detached from the medial root, and from the lateral root a ram for the biceps muscle, both muscles receiving branches also from the musculocutaneous nerve. We have encountered a single case where the median nerve inches the anterior muscles of the arm, missing the musculocutaneous nerve. In cases of low joining of the roots, we have encountered cases where a lateral root formed a ram for forearm muscles. The anastomoses between the two median nerve roots can sometimes be located just above their union or anterior to the lower portion of the axillary artery. In one case, we encountered between the two roots, above their union, the existence of three oblique anastomoses, the two upper ones from the lateral to the medial root, and the third from the medial root to the lateral root. Common are anastomoses between the roots of the roots and the root on the opposite side. The most common are the anastomosis between the medial fascicle of the lateral root and the medial root of the median nerve. In one case, we encountered a double overlap between the musculocutaneous nerve and the lateral nerve root. In one case, we encountered a strong anastomosis between the medial nerve fascicle of the medial root and the radial nerve. Common and at all levels of the upper limb are the anastomoses between the median and ulnar nerves. In the case of a low union of the two median roots, we encountered anastomoses between a root of the root and the ulnar nerve, or between a root and the ulnar nerve. I encountered a single case with an anastomosis, Martin- Gruber, which was previously passing through the ulnar and interos-like arteries and from which the anterior forearm muscles were detached.
Everyday Family Experience: A Child’s Home Preparation for School
Authors: Majerčíková Jana , Puhrová Barbora Petrů 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The family life of a child of compulsory school age is influenced by the way that a child’s educational career is discussed and practically supported. This is transmitted into normal family life through the completion of the child’s homework and any other school-related responsibilities. The parent is considered an actor who contributes significantly to the supervision of the child’s homework. Methods: This research project explored how parents and children describe their experience of homework through semi-structured interviews with elementary school pupils and their parents. The results are presented in our study. Seven, mostly university-educated parents and six pupils were interviewed at the start of compulsory schooling, when the bonds and interaction are the most intensive between parents and children in the context of homework. The transcribed interviews were analysed using the technique of open coding. Codes identified were repeatedly read, reviewed and subsequently grouped into categories with the aim of description and explanation. Results: The survey revealed that the completion of homework in the parent - child interaction is an implicit part of everyday family life. Homework and advance home preparation are considered to be the responsibility of the parent as well as the child, on the other hand, the home preparation is also time-consuming and gendermarked. Limitations: The limitations of the study relate primarily to the construction of the research sample. The intentional sample of parents was determined by socioeconomic status and quantity and also by the parents’ willingness to share their parenting experience, and for the child by the extent of data gathered. In further research, this will be supported by observation in the home setting. Conclusions: The research findings contribute to a description of the child’s life in the family and confirm the importance of inevitable parental participation in their educational socialization at the beginning of compulsory school attendance.
Grading of Pupils in History: One-Year Research in the Czech Republic
Authors: Vomáčková Helena 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of the research was to point to a wide range of factors of the pupils’ grading in History classes and to find out if this grading on the given sample corresponds with the context of the independently selected variables: pupils’ weight, inclination to the Socratic type of values, type of family, and parents’ education. Methods: A sample of 1819 7th grade pupils was made up of the pupils of randomly addressed primary schools willing to cooperate. In the course of one school year, a questionnaire survey was carried out on this sample: each of the 14 regions of the Czech Republic was represented by 5 to 9% of the respondents. Data were evaluated at a 5% level of significance by means of the Chi-squared test. Results: In all the monitored cases, a statistically significant link was demonstrated between the dependent variable (pupils’ grading) and independent variables, i.e. the results in History have a wide-spectrum effect. Discussion: The research findings correspond with the results obtained by other scholars, and external factors (independent variables) significantly affect the pupils’ school success regardless of their mental and intellectual dispositions. Limitations: School success is simply monitored through numerical grading of pupils, which does not always and completely reflect the pupils’ progress in terms of their development. It was not a longitudinal survey but only a single one-year research from which no major conclusions can be drawn. Conclusions: It was confirmed that the results of pupils in History, or their historical knowledge, represent a broad-spectrum matter in which the multiplication effect of external influences must be counted. In the future, research should be carried out in longer time ranges and with a greater emphasis on the causality of the phenomena.
Speech Therapy Prevention in Kindergarten
Authors: Vašíková Jana , Žáková Iva 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Introduction: This contribution presents the results of a research focused on speech therapy in kindergartens. This research was realized in Zlín Region. It explains how speech therapy prevention is realized in kindergartens, determines the educational qualifications of teachers for this activity and verifies the quality of the applied methodologies in the daily program of kindergartens. Methods: The empirical part of the study was conducted through a qualitative research. For data collection, we used participant observation. We analyzed the research data and presented them verbally, using frequency tables and graphs, which were subsequently interpreted. Results: In this research, 71% of the teachers completed a course of speech therapy prevention, 28% of the teachers received pedagogical training and just 1% of the teachers are clinical speech pathologists. In spite of this, the research data show that, in most of kindergartens, the aim of speech therapy prevention is performed in order to correct deficiencies in speech and voice. The content of speech therapy prevention is implemented in this direction. Discussion: Awareness of the teachers’/parents’ regarding speech therapy prevention in kindergartens. Limitations: This research was implemented in autumn of 2016 in Zlín Region. Research data cannot be generalized to the entire population. We have the ambition to expand this research to other regions next year. Conclusions: Results show that both forms of speech therapy prevention - individual and group - are used. It is also often a combination of both. The aim of the individual forms is, in most cases, to prepare a child for cooperation during voice correction. The research also confirmed that most teachers do not have sufficient education in speech therapy. Most of them completed a course of speech therapy as primary prevention educators. The results also show that teachers spend a lot of time by speech therapy prevention in kindergartens. Educators often develop the communication skills of children by interesting ways and methods.
Social-Emotional Health of University Students and the Importance of Its Research
Authors: Mehešová Mária 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Health and well-being are crucial for individuals, a particular country as well as the whole society. Therefore, it is important to focus research on it, and the Social-Emotional Health Survey - Higher Education used on the sample of university students is a good example of it. Purpose: The aim of the article is to bring information on the current issues of social-emotional health in Slovakia and the possibilities of its measuring with the emphasis on the brand new international questionnaire method Social-Emotional Health Survey - Higher Education (SEHS-HE) by M. Furlong. Methods: The method measures four basic dimensions and twelve psychological indicators of social-emotional health of university students. It helps to find the strengths and health predictions of students. Conclusions: Mental health of young people is the priority of the Slovak National Treating Program for Children and Youth, from which goes the necessity to identify the mental health of various groups of people especially of children and youth, to support it and to create the conditions for its optimal development.
Education of Elderly Patients Within Nursing Care in Slovakia
Authors: Kaduchová Petra 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The paper deals with the issues of the education of senior patients within nursing care. The aim of the paper is to find out the level of nurses’ knowledge and skills in educating elderly patients and to discover how these are reflected in the reality of clinical practice. It is a case study focused on showing the current real state of clinical practice related to the given topic. Methods: This paper will introduce the outcomes of a qualitative research (semistructured interview, semi-structured observation, documents analysis) based on theoretical background. The research was carried out during the survey fellowship in the Slovak Republic and the respondents were nurses working in standard hospital departments. Certain phenomena, relations and influencing factors were clarified through the follow-up analysis. The gathered data were processed by using qualitative methods in the form of case studies. Results: The qualitative survey has revealed certain deficiencies in nurses’ knowledge and in the reality of the education of elderly patients in clinical practice. Discussion: The deficiencies in knowledge and skills are essential in the reality of clinical practice. Limitations: The research sample was made up of educating nurse/nurses working in geriatrics, in long-term care departments or internal departments. It included a total of 16 respondents. Conclusions: Sufficient attention should be paid to the training of nurses which should be focused on the specificities of educating seniors/senior patients as well as on the reality of education that is performed. It is necessary to provide training for working with this specific age group even in pre-gradual nursing education.
Derivation of Some Results on the Generalized Relative Orders of Meromorphic Functions
Authors: Datta Sanjib Kumar , Biswas Tanmay 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this paper we intend to find out relative order (relative lower order) of a meromorphic function f with respect to another entire function g when generalized relative order (generalized relative lower order) of f and generalized relative order (generalized relative lower order) of g with respect to another entire function h are given.
On the Uniqueness of Certain Type of Shift Polynomial Sharing a Small Function
Authors: Majumder Sujoy 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to study the uniqueness problems of certain type of difference polynomial sharing a small function. We point out and rectify some gaps in the proof of the main results in [8]. In addition to this we obtain our main result as a corrected and generalized version of [8] in a more compact way which in turn improve a number of earlier results.
Iterative Method to Solve a Data Completion Problem for Biharmonic Equation for Rectangular Domain
Authors: Tajani Chakir , Kajtih Houda , Daanoun Ali 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work, we are interested in a class of problems of great importance in many areas of industry and engineering. It is the invese problem for the biharmonic equation. It consists to complete the missing data on the inaccessible part from the measured data on the accessible part of the boundary. To solve this ill-posed problem, we opted for the alternative iterative method developed by Kozlov, Mazya and Fomin which is a convergent method for the elliptical Cauchy problems in general. The numerical implementation of the iterative algorithm is based on the application of the boundary element method (BEM) for a sequence of mixed well-posed direct problems. Numerical results are performed for a square domain showing the effectiveness of the algorithm by BEM to produce accurate and stable numerical results.
René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683–1757), a naturalist and pioneer of acarology and his contacts with Poland
Authors: Daszkiewicz Piotr 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur was one of the most important scientists of the Age of Enlightenment. His relations with Polish scientists are analysed, with particular reference to Franciszek Bieliński (Grand Marshal of the Crown), Konstanty Franciszek Fremel (a Saxon specialist of glass technology in Poland), and Johann Ernst Stieff (a Silesian scientist). Réaumur’s work on mites is discussed in the context of his entomological publications. For the first time, illustrations of mites drawn by Claude Aubriet (from Réaumur’s collection) are reproduced here.
Preliminary study of the impact of pig or goat manure fertilization of a meadow on oribatid mites
Authors: Seniczak Anna , Seniczak Stanisław , Szczukowska Hanna , Graczyk Radomir , Bukowski Grzegorz 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe investigated the impact of pig or goat manure fertilization of a meadow with doses of 80 kg N ha−1, 140 kg N ha−1, and 200 kg N ha−1(plots 1-6) on oribatid mites. A control plot (0) was left unfertilized. The manure was applied to the meadow in the early spring of 2012, and soil samples were collected in the spring of 2012 and 2013. In total, 6053 oribatid mites were examined, including 1163 juveniles. The effect of fertilizing on the Oribatida depended on the dose of manure, but not on its type. A low dose of pig or goat manure did not affect the density of Oribatida, whereas the other doses decreased it, but only the highest doses decreased it significantly, compared to the control. Species diversity decreased with the dose of manure. In total, 24 species of Oribatida were found and some species reacted differently to both types of manure. For example, a low dose of pig manure significantly increased the density ofEupelops occultus, whereas the density of other species significantly decreased under the influence of the highest dose of pig manure (Achipteria coleoptrata), highest doses of pig and goat manure (Galumna obvia,Liebstadia similis), and medium and highest doses of goat manure (Scheloribates laevigatus).
The Implications of Transnational Cyber Threats in International Humanitarian Law: Analysing the Distinction Between Cybercrime, Cyber Attack, and Cyber Warfare in the 21stCentury
Authors: Faga Hemen Philip 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper is an attempt to draw distinctive lines between the concepts of cybercrime, cyber-attack, and cyber warfare in the current information age, in which it has become difficult to separate the activities of transnational criminals from acts of belligerents using cyberspace. The paper considers the implications of transnational cyber threats in international humanitarian law (IHL) with a particular focus on cyber-attacks by non-state actors, the principles of state responsibility, and the implications of targeting non-state perpetrators under IHL. It concludes that current international law constructs are inadequate to address the implications of transnational cyber threats; the author recommends consequential amendments to the laws of war in order to address the challenges posed by transnational cyber threats.
Financing As One Of The Key Success Factors Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Pticar Stjepan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
All entrepreneurs try to be timely unlimited, constant and successful in their business. In doing so, their company founding, running operations and development all depend on adequate and quality financing. The goal is to ensure a stable financing and growth and the question is how, when and from which sources should the financing be ensured. When talking of financing, it is primarily meant ensuring the money or the capital, a synonym of the entrepreneurship and its main moving strength. In order to be successful, it is of high importance to meet optimal business decisions and specially investing decisions. Even though the focus of the financing process is not solely limited to money, money plays a central role and is also the basis and the requirement for business activity and the very existence and the end goal of a business as well. One important focus of entrepreneurs is the question of an optimal financial structure for their own enterprise. The specifics of every individual company together with the industry they are in and macroeconomic environment they operate in do not allow for a uniform and generally applicable solution to this problem. The focus of this problem lies in the ratio between the size and structure of assets on one side and the size and structure of equity and debt on the other side. Every entrepreneur should also know which amount and structure of long-term assets, fixed assets is necessary for his enterprise. The function of investment planning defines these requirements before the actual investment takes place. An entrepreneur who is already longer in business will at this point analyze his actual financial structure with a focus on capital accumulation and conditions of raising debt.
Brands and their Association Networks
Authors: Ihnatova Zuzana , Bečková Ina Kováčová 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Purpose of the article One of the approaches how to create a concept of a brand is a form of identifying association network in the mind of the consumer and creating semantic maps composed of all associations that are largely shaped by cultural values of consumers. Methodology/methods In the first phase, the author of the study was detecting the associations connected with the Mexican brand alcoholic beer Corona Extra using focus group with a sample of 15 respondents (Slovak students). In the second phase, she analysed the data found in the context of Slovak cultural values and compared them with the results of the secondary research (German and Spanish students). Scientific objective The article highlights the importance of understanding cultural values of the target market for the management and brand communication across cultures. The main objective of the survey was to determine how the Slovak respondents perceive selected sample of global brand, to compare the findings of a secondary survey conducted at German and Spanish students, and in the final phase of the research to analyse the data found in the context of the cultural dimensions of respondents. Findings On one hand, the associations formed by consumers about Corona Extra mutually differ depending on the countries surveyed. On the other hand, they correspond to the cultural values of the nation, and thus confirm the strong influence of the cultural aspects of the brand perception. Conclusions The presented article confirms, that there will always be an open space for the extensive research in global marketing and cross-cultural differences in consumer behaviour. Exploring cultural aspects of communication of global brands will benefit not only in terms of increasing the efficiency of advertising campaigns, but also for the mutual knowledge and understanding between cultures.
Sparse Optimal Control for Fractional Diffusion
Authors: Otárola Enrique , Salgado Abner J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We consider an optimal control problem that entails the minimization of a nondifferentiable cost functional, fractional diffusion as state equation and constraints on the control variable. We provide existence, uniqueness and regularity results together with first-order optimality conditions. In order to propose a solution technique, we realize fractional diffusion as the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for a nonuniformly elliptic operator and consider an equivalent optimal control problem with a nonuniformly elliptic equation as state equation. The rapid decay of the solution to this problem suggests a truncation that is suitable for numerical approximation. We propose a fully discrete scheme: piecewise constant functions for the control variable and first-degree tensor product finite elements for the state variable. We derive a priori error estimates for the control and state variables.
Finite Difference Methods for the Generator of 1D Asymmetric Alpha-Stable Lévy Motions
Authors: Huang Yanghong , Wang Xiao 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Several finite difference methods are proposed for the infinitesimal
generator of 1D asymmetric α-stable Lévy motions,
based on the fact that the operator becomes a multiplier in the spectral space.
These methods take the general form of a discrete convolution, and the coefficients
(or the weights) in the convolution are chosen to approximate the exact multiplier
after appropriate transform.
The accuracy and the associated
advantages/disadvantages are also discussed, providing some guidance on
the choice of the right scheme for practical problems, like
in the calculation of mean exit time for random processes governed
by general asymmetric α-stable motions.