bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiota is a primary cause of pathogenesis of chronic wounds
Authors: Wolcott R. , Sanford N. , Gabrilska R. , Oates J.L. , Wilkinson J.E. , Rumbaugh K.P. 
Published: September 2016

Objective: Diverse microorganisms present on the surface of chronic wounds have been established to constitute wound microbiota. The aims of this study were to quantify the viability of wound microbiota, classify dispersal of viable microbes from the wound, and determine if human wound microbiota can produce a chronic wound in an animal model. Method: Wound microbiotas as units (multiple microbial species acting as one infectious agent) were obtained from well-defined human chronic wounds and seeded onto mouse surgical excision wounds to produce chronically infected wounds that closely resembled the chronic wounds observed in the original hosts. Results: We found the wound microbiota harvested from 35 out of 43 (81%) patients could produce similar chronic wounds (producing slough and exudate) in a murine chronic wound model. The top 30 species present in patient wounds were identified in the mouse wounds by molecular sequencing. Koch's postulates could therefore be applied to establish wound microbiota as the cause of the original human chronic wound infections. Evidence-based medicine criteria such as Hill's criteria for causation can all be satisfied by what is currently known about wound microbiota. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that wound microbiota actively disseminates from the chronic wound by forces and mechanisms intrinsic to the wound. Koch's postulates and Hill's criteria for causation together suggest chronic wound microbiota to be the main cause underlying the pathogenesis of chronic wounds. Declaration of interest: RW has an equity interest in PathoGenius Labs. No funding was received for this study.
Thoracoabdominal necrotising soft tissue infection secondary to enterocutaneous fistulae: a case report
Authors: Lassiter R.L. , Simmerman E.L. , Sol Oh J. , Mentzer C.J. , Burkart N.E. , Holsten S.B. 
Published: September 2016

Objective:Necrotising soft tissue infection is a rare surgical emergency, which requires immediate and aggressive surgical debridement. Following control of the infection, patients are often left with large defects, with wound reconstruction and closure creating significant challenges. Here we describe a case of extensive thoracoabdominal necrotising soft tissue infection and provide a discussion on the standard of care and treatment based on a current literature review.Method:A 53-year-old female presented with bilious and feculent discharge from her surgical incision two weeks after a total abdominal hysterectomy. She was found to have two enterocutaneous fistulae and an extensive abdominal wall necrotising soft tissue infection extending to the lower thorax. Wide excision and debridement were performed, leaving a large triangular defect. Following serial washouts and debridements, a biologic mesh with openings for the enterocutaneous fistulae was used to cover the fascial defectResults:Postoperatively, the patient was discharged to a nursing facility where she remained on total parenteral nutrition due to high fistula output. She subsequently underwent fistulectomy nine months later followed by skin grafting. To date, she has not had any recurrent fistulae or infection.Conclusion:Necrotising soft tissue infection resulting in a large abdominal wall defect secondary to enterocutaneous fistulae poses a significant challenge for source control and abdominal wall reconstruction. After serial debridements, use of biologic mesh for temporary closure followed by staged resection of the bowel with abdominal wall reconstruction can be performed.Declaration of interest:The authors have no personal financial or institutional interest in any of the drugs, materials, or devices used.
A comparative analysis of skin substitutes used in the management of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Martinson M. , Martinson N. 
Published: September 2016

Objective: To compare the relative product cost and clinical outcomes of four skin substitutes used as adjunctive treatments for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Method: Medicare claims data from 2011 to 2014 were used to identify beneficiaries with diabetes and foot ulcers. Patients treated with one of four types of skin substitute (Apligraf, Dermagraft, OASIS, and MatriStem) were identified. The skin substitutes were compared on episode length; amputation rate; skin substitute utilisation; and skin substitute costs. Results: There were 13,193 skin substitute treatment episodes: Apligraf (HML) was used in 4926 (37.3%), Dermagraft (HSL) in 5530 (41.9%), OASIS (SIS) in 2458 (18.6%) and MatriStem (UBM) in 279 (2.1%). The percentage of DFUs that healed at 90 days were: UBM 62%; SIS 63%; HML 58%; and HSL 58%. Over the entire time, UBM was non-inferior to SIS (p<0.001), and either was significantly better than HML or HSL (p<0.005 in all four tests). HML was marginally superior to HSL (p=0.025 unadjusted for multiple testing). Medicare reimbursements for skin substitutes per DFU episode for UBM ($1435 in skin substitutes per episode) and SIS ($1901) appeared to be equivalent to each other, although non-inferiority tests were not significant. Both were less than HML ($5364) or HSL ($14,424) (p<0.0005 in all four tests). HML was less costly than HSL (p<0.0005). Conclusion: Various types of skin substitutes appear to be able to confer important benefits to both patients with DFUs and payers. Analysis of the four skin-substitute types resulted in a demonstration that UBM and SIS were associated with both shorter DFU episode lengths and lower payer reimbursements than HML and HSL, while HML was less costly than HSL but equivalent in healing. Declaration of interest: MM and NM are health economic consultants who completed and authored this analysis. They have no financial interest in ACell, Inc. Their fees were not contingent on the outcome of this analysis.
Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin eluted from a regenerating bone graft substitute
Authors: Stravinskas M. , Horstmann P. , Ferguson J. , Hettwer W. , Nilsson M. , Tarasevicius S. , Petersen M. M. , McNally M. A. , Lidgren L. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesDeep bone and joint infections (DBJI) are directly intertwined with health, demographic change towards an elderly population, and wellbeing. The elderly human population is more prone to acquire infections, and the consequences such as pain, reduced quality of life, morbidity, absence from work and premature retirement due to disability place significant burdens on already strained healthcare systems and societal budgets. DBJIs are less responsive to systemic antibiotics because of poor vascular perfusion in necrotic bone, large bone defects and persistent biofilm-based infection. Emerging bacterial resistance poses a major threat and new innovative treatment modalities are urgently needed to curb its current trajectory.Materials and MethodsWe present a new biphasic ceramic bone substitute consisting of hydroxyapatite and calcium sulphate for local antibiotic delivery in combination with bone regeneration. Gentamicin release was measured in four setups: 1) in vitro elution in Ringer’s solution; 2) local elution in patients treated for trochanteric hip fractures or uncemented hip revisions; 3) local elution in patients treated with a bone tumour resection; and 4) local elution in patients treated surgically for chronic corticomedullary osteomyelitis.ResultsThe release pattern in vitro was comparable with the obtained release in the patient studies. No recurrence was detected in the osteomyelitis group at latest follow-up (minimum 1.5 years).ConclusionsThis new biphasic bone substitute containing antibiotics provides safe prevention of bone infections in a range of clinical situations. The in vitro test method predicts the in vivo performance and makes it a reliable tool in the development of future antibiotic-eluting bone-regenerating materials. Cite this article: M. Stravinskas, P. Horstmann, J. Ferguson, W. Hettwer, M. Nilsson, S. Tarasevicius, M. M. Petersen, M. A. McNally, L. Lidgren. Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin eluted from a regenerating bone graft substitute: In vitro and clinical release studies. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:427–435. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.59.BJR-2016-0108.R1.
Impact of Mean Cell Hemoglobin on Hb A1c–Defined Glycemia Status
Authors: Rodriguez-Segade Santiago , Garcia Javier Rodriguez , García-López José M , Gude Francisco , Casanueva Felipe F , RS-Alonso Santiago , Camiña Félix 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Several hematological alterations are associated with altered hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c). However, there have been no reports of their influence on the rates of exceeding standard Hb A1c thresholds by patients for whom Hb A1c determination is requested in clinical practice.

METHODS
The initial data set included the first profiles (complete blood counts, Hb A1c, fasting glucose, and renal and hepatic parameters) of all adult patients for whom such a profile was requested between 2008 and 2013 inclusive. After appropriate exclusions, 21844 patients remained in the study. Linear and logistic regression models were adjusted for demographic, hematological, and biochemical variables excluded from the predictors.

RESULTS
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) correlated negatively with Hb A1c. Fasting glucose, MCH, and age emerged as predictors of Hb A1c in a stepwise regression that discarded sex, hemoglobin, MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum creatinine, and liver disease. Mean Hb A1c in MCH interdecile intervals fell from 6.8% (51 mmol/mol) in the lowest (≤27.5 pg) to 6.0% (43 mmol/mol) in the highest (&gt;32.5 pg), with similar results for MCV. After adjustment for fasting glucose and other correlates of Hb A1c, a 1 pg increase in MCH reduced the odds of Hb A1c–defined dysglycemia, diabetes and poor glycemia control by 10%–14%.

CONCLUSIONS
For at least 25% of patients, low or high MCH or MCV levels are associated with increased risk of an erroneous Hb A1c–based identification of glycemia status. Although causality has not been demonstrated, these parameters should be taken into account in interpreting Hb A1c levels in clinical practice.
A trace problem for associate Morrey potentials
Authors: Xiao Jie 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
As a solution to the restriction question for associate Morrey potentials (Question 1.1), this paper characterizes a Radon measure μ on

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

such that the Riesz operator

I
α

{I_{\alpha}}

maps the associate Morrey spaces

H
1

p
,
κ

⊂

H

p
,
κ

{H^{p,\kappa}_{1}\subset H^{p,\kappa}}

to the μ-induced Morrey spaces

L
μ

q
,
λ

⊂

L

μ
,
∞

q
,
λ

{L^{q,\lambda}_{\mu}\subset L^{q,\lambda}_{\mu,\infty}}

continuously. The discovered restriction/trace principle (Theorem 1.2) is brand-new, and its demonstration is non-trivial.
Identification of drought, cadmium and root-lesion nematode infection stress-responsive transcription factors in ramie
Authors: Zheng Xia , Zhu Siyuan , Tang Shouwei , Liu Touming 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDrought, cadmium (Cd) stress, and root lesion nematode (RLN) infection are three of the most important stresses affecting ramie growth and development; therefore, ramie breeding programs focus on their management more than on any other abiotic or biotic stresses. The fact that only a small number of stress-responsive transcription factors (TFs) have been identified so far is a major obstacle in the elucidation of mechanisms regulating the response to these three stresses in ramie. In this study, in order to uncover more stress-responsive TFs, a total of 179 nonredundant genes with full-length open reading frames from the MYB, AP2/ERF, bZIP, HD-ZIP, and COL families were obtained by searching for against the ramie transcriptome. Expression pattern analysis demonstrated that most of these genes showed relatively higher expression in the stem xylem and bast than in other tissues. Among these genes, 96 genes were found to be involved in responses to drought, Cd exposure, or RLN-infection. The expression of 54 of these genes was regulated by at least two stresses. These stress-responsive TFs probably have roles in the regulation of stress tolerance. The discovery of these stress-responsive TFs will be helpful for furthering our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate stress responses in ramie.
ZnO nanoflowers-based photoanodes: aqueous chemical synthesis, microstructure and optical properties
Authors: Wahyuono Ruri Agung , Schmidt Christa , Dellith Andrea , Dellith Jan , Schulz Martin , Seyring Martin , Rettenmayr Markus , Plentz Jonathan , Dietzek Benjamin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe have developed an efficient, low temperature, synthetic route for ZnO nanoflowers (NFs) as photoanode material. This alternative route yields small flowerlike nanostructures, built from densely self-assembled tip-ended rod structures. The obtained ZnO NFs possess a large bandgap of 3.27 - 3.39 eV, enabling the generation of an average open current voltage of 0.56 V. Additionally, they show a high internal light harvesting of 14.6•10-7A-mol-1. The growth mechanism and self-assembly of ZnO NFs were studied in detail by joint spectroscopic-TEM investigations. It is shown that the ZnO crystallite size increases with increasing annealing temperatures and that the stress and the improved crystallinity are induced by annealing and reduce the lattice strain and the dislocation density. The bandgaps of ZnO are affected by the lattice strain revealing an optimal region of lattice strain to gain high bandgap energies. The properties of the synthesized ZnO NFs are compared with other morphologies, i.e. ZnO spherical aggregates (SPs) and ZnO nanorods (NRs), and are tested as electrode materials in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Enhancing lithium–sulphur battery performance by copper oxide@graphene oxide nanocomposite-modified cathode
Authors: Seyyedin Seyyed Taher , Sovizi Mohammad Reza , Yaftian Mohammad Reza 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNanosheet structures of copper oxide@graphene oxide (CuO@GO) composite were developed as a host material to embed sulphur nanoparticles for use as cathodes in lithium–sulphur (Li-S) batteries. The homogeneous immobilisation of sulphur in the conductive matrix of CuO@GO within a strong chemical bond between carbon and polysulphide intermediates through the Lewis acid function of CuO provides a high specific discharge capacity of the CuO@GO/S electrode in comparison with the GO/S nanocomposite. The CuO@GO/S cathode delivers a discharge capacity of 1048.95 mA h g
Clustering analysis of different hop varieties according to their essential oil composition measured by GC/MS
Authors: Kaškonas Paulius , Stanius Žydrūnas , Kaškonienė Vilma , Obelevičius Kȩestutis , Ragažinskienė Ona , Žilinskas Antanas , Maruška Audrius 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study describes the analysis of total hops essential oils from 18 cultivated varieties of hops, five of which were bred in Lithuania, and 7 wild hop forms using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The study sought to organise the samples of hops into clusters, according to 72 semi-volatile compounds, by applying a well-known method,
Sulphur and peroxide vulcanisation of rubber compounds – overview
Authors: Kruželák Ján , Sýkora Richard , Hudec Ivan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractVulcanisation is a process of transforming a plastic rubber compound into a highly elastic product by forming a three-dimensional cross-linked network structure in the rubber matrix. Many systems have been developed to vulcanise rubber compounds, among which sulphur and peroxide curing systems remain the most desirable. The application of sulphur systems leads to the forming of sulphidic cross-links between elastomer chains, while carbon–carbon bonds are formed in peroxide-curing. Both vulcanisation systems provide certain benefits to the cross-linked rubber articles, but also some disadvantages. The present work seeks to provide an overview on both vulcanisation systems; their composition, possibilities of their application, reaction mechanisms, structure of the cross-links formed and the main feature of the final cross-linked materials – vulcanisates.
Preparation and artificial ageing tests in stone conservation of fluorosilicone vinyl acetate/acrylic/epoxy polymers
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Ying , Wen Wen-Ya , Yu Han-Qiang , Chen Qian , Xu Ji-Cheng , Yang Dong-Ya , Qiu Feng-Xian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this work, a series of fluorosilicone vinyl acetate/acrylic/epoxy (FVAE) polymers for protection of stone relics were prepared with different content of hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFBMA) by the seed emulsion polymerization process. Properties and structure of FVAE materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Viscosity, particle size, surface tension, gel content, adhesion and surface hardness of polymer materials were also determined. Surface morphology of the stone sample was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Compared with a commercial copolymer, ethyl methacrylate/methyl acrylate (EM/MA, Paraloid B72), protection ability of the prepared FVAE polymer was investigated using artificial ageing tests such as the freeze-thaw aging test, acid aging test and the soluble salts aging test. It was found that the FVAE polymers prepared can effectively prevent corrosion caused by H
Magnetic fluids’ stability improved by oleic acid bilayer-coated structure via one-pot synthesis
Authors: Chen Ming-Jie , Shen Hui , Li Xin , Ruan Jin , Yuan Wei-Qin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTo improve the magnetic fluids’ stability and demonstrate the relationships between the bilayer-coated structure and the stability, a simple method was proposed for preparingoleic acid bilayer-coated Fe
Die Großen Zwei – Wettbewerb im Kreditkartenmarkt? / The Big Two – How Competitive is the Market for Credit Cards
Authors: Dulleck Uwe , Friederiszick Hans W. 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Der Kreditkartenmarkt wird von zwei Firmen bestimmt: VISA und Mastercard/Eurocard. Der Einfluss der „Großen Zwei“ hat sowohl in den USA als auch in Europa wettbewerbsrechtliche Bedenken ausgelöst und den bisher kaum wirtschaftswissenschaftlich analysierten Kreditkartenmarkt in den Mittelpunkt mikroökonomischer Analysen gesetzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit führt in die wesentlichen Rahmen- und Wettbewerbsbedingungen des Kreditkartenmarktes ein und stellt die im wettbewerbsrechtlichen Diskurs hergeleiteten Ergebnisse in einem breiteren ordnungspolitischen Rahmen vor. Die wettbewerbsrechtlich entscheidende Hypothese faktischer Marktmacht der „Großen Zwei“ wird anhand von Preis/Kosten-Vergleichen für die europäischen Länder analysiert: Eine Analyse der Preise und verschiedener Kostenindikatoren (Internetkosten, Zinsniveau, Kreditausfallrisiko) zeigt, dass die variablen Kosten nicht entscheidend für die Marktpreise im Kreditkartenmarkt sind. Dieses Ergebnis deutet auf eine faktische Marktmacht der Marken VISA und Mastercard/Eurocard in Europa hin. Die Bedeutung dieser Marktmacht wird anhand von Sonderverträgen dokumentiert.
Innovationen und Dienstleistungen: Dimensionen der Außenwirtschaftstheorie und -politik / Innovation and Services: Dimensions in Theory and Policy of Foreign Trade
Authors: Hasse Rolf 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Theorie und Politik der Außenwirtschaft unterliegt seit geraumer Zeit einem Wandel und einer Annäherung an die Realität. Sie wurde im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert für den Güterhandel und auf der Grundlage der Produktionstheorie (Faktorverfügbarkeit, Faktorintensität, Produktivität) entwickelt. Die Struktur des internationalen Handels wandelt sich – erst war es eine langsame, nunmehr ist es jedoch eine rasante Strukturveränderung. Die Theorie folgte als erste diesem Umbruch, die Politik hat erst in der Uruguay-Runde diese neue Handelsstruktur entschiedener aufgegriffen.
Die Abhandlung umreißt die beiden Dimensionen des Wandels. Die Wirkungen von Innovation und Dienstleistungen auf den Außenhandel werden kurz dargestellt – ihre theoretischen Ansätze, ihre politischen Rückwirkungen und die veränderte Struktur des internationalen Austauschs. Es wird die Erweiterung der Außenhandelstheorie durch Innovationen aufgezeigt (traditioneller Ansatz, Produktzyklen-Ansatz, „neue“ Theorie des Außenhandels, „neue“ Wachstumstheorie und Außenhandel). Anschließend wird geprüft, inwieweit die Außenhandelspolitik aus den teilweise sehr subtilen Theorien Handlungsoptionen ableiten kann bzw. sollte.
Die rasche Zunahme des internationalen Austauschs an Dienstleistungen und die dadurch bewirkte Veränderung der internationalen Austauschstruktur kann durchaus als revolutionär eingeschätzt werden. Insofern ist es verständlich, dass dieser Tatbestand neue Aktivitäten in der Außenhandelspolitik hervorgerufen hat – Forderungen nach Liberalisierung, Protektionismen, neue Formationen politischer Koalitionen und einen neuen Nord-Süd-Gegensatz. Theorie und Politik entwickeln neue Erklärungs- und Handlungsoptionen, die skizziert werden.
Bevölkerung und Wachstum / Declining in Population and Growth
Authors: Kleinhenz Gerhard D. 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Entwicklung der Bevölkerung geriet in Deutschland infolge der gegenwärtigen Finanzkrise der öffentlichen Haushalte und der Systeme sozialer Sicherung in den Focus des öffentlichen Interesses. Die in den meisten hochentwickelten Ländern sich abzeichnende Alterung und Schrumpfung der Bevölkerung lässt in Deutschland bis zur Mitte des 21. Jahrhunderts einen „Zusammenbruch“ insbesondere der durch langanhaltende hohe Arbeitslosigkeit und durch die Vereinigungslasten ausgezehrten gesetzlichen Alterssicherung befürchten. Gegenstand dieses Beitrages ist die auch von Ökonomen formulierte These einer mit der Bevölkerung schrumpfenden Wirtschaft.
Bei der Analyse der Auswirkungen der Bevölkerungsentwicklung ist zu beachten, dass sich die insgesamt gesehen tektonischen Verschiebungen doch in eher bescheidenen jährlichen Anderungsraten vollziehen und durch differenzierte Entwicklungen einzelner Alterskohorten überlagert werden. Auf die langen Zeitspannen bezogen wird dabei die Anpassungsflexibilität der Wirtschaft unterschätzt. Die bevölkerungsbedingte Minderung des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials kann durch Mobilisierung von inländischen Arbeitskraftreserven verringert und eine bewusste arbeitsmarkt- und wachstumsorientierte Zuwanderungspolitik betrieben werden. Mit der Erschließung von Erwerbspersonen können auch Verbesserungen der Qualität, der Produktivität und der Wachstumsdynamik verbunden sein. Das Risiko eines Schrumpfens der Wirtschaft kann durch eine langfristig angelegte Erschließung von Erwerbspersonen und eine Potenzialentwicklung im Sinne der Wirtschaftsgrundlagenpolitik (nach H. J. Seraphim) bewältigt werden.