bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Omaha System Documentation to Understand Physical Activity among Rural Women
Authors: Olsen Jeanette M. , Thorson Diane , Baisch Mary Jo , Monsen Karen A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjective(s)Examine factors related to physical activity among rural women using Omaha System data.Design and SampleMixed methods: quantitative analysis of de‐identified clinical data and thematic analysis of public health nurse (PHN) focus group data.Rural women who received PHN services (N = 852) and purposively selected PHNs (N = 12).MeasuresOmaha System problems; signs/symptoms; knowledge, behavior, and status ratings; demographics.ResultsPhysical activity behavior among rural women was inconsistently appropriate (M = 3.27). Age, body mass index, physiological, psychosocial, and environmental domain problems, and physical activity knowledge explained 33.2% of physical activity behavior variance. Almost all women for whom specific problems were documented had insufficient physical activity. This included physiological problems of cognition and pregnancy; psychosocial problems of abuse, caretaking/parenting, mental health, and interpersonal relationship; and environmental problems of neighborhood/workplace safety and income. Having problems in two or more domains was significantly associated with insufficient physical activity behavior (p < .001). PHNs validated findings and expressed concerns that client complexity, priorities, and time constraints may affect client assessment and documentation.ConclusionsPHNs should assess rural women who are not physically active for potentially serious physiological, psychosocial, and environmental problems. Departmental policies requiring assessment of Omaha System data across programs enabled population health measurement and research.
Involvement of a vascular hypersensitive response in quantitative resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum on tomato rootstock cultivar LS‐89
Authors: Nakaho K. , Seo S. , Ookawa K. , Inoue Y. , Ando S. , Kanayama Y. , Miyashita S. , Takahashi H. 
Published: April 2016

Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt disease in Solanaceae spp. Expression of the Phytophthora inhibitor protease 1 (PIP1) gene, which encodes a papain‐like extracellular cysteine protease, is induced in R. solanacearum‐inoculated stem tissues of quantitatively resistant tomato cultivar LS‐89, but not in susceptible cultivar Ponderosa. Phytophthora inhibitor protease 1 is closely related to Rcr3, which is required for the Cf‐2‐mediated hypersensitive response (HR) to the leaf mould fungus Cladosporium fulvum and manifestation of HR cell death. However, up‐regulation of PIP1 in R. solanacearum‐inoculated LS‐89 stems was not accompanied by visible HR cell death. Nevertheless, upon electron microscopic examination of inoculated stem tissues of resistant cultivar LS‐89, several aggregated materials associated with HR cell death were observed in xylem parenchyma and pith cells surrounding xylem vessels. In addition, the accumulation of electron‐dense substances was observed within the xylem vessel lumen of inoculated stems. Moreover, when the leaves of LS‐89 or Ponderosa were infiltrated with 106 cells mL−1 R. solanacearum, cell death appeared in LS‐89 at 18 and 24 h after infiltration. The proliferation of bacteria in the infiltrated leaf tissues of LS‐89 was suppressed to approximately 10–30% of that in Ponderosa, and expression of the defence‐related gene PR‐2 and HR marker gene hsr203J was induced in the infiltrated tissues. These results indicated that the response of LS‐89 is a true HR, and induction of vascular HR in xylem parenchyma and pith cells surrounding xylem vessels seems to be associated with quantitative resistance of LS‐89 to R. solanacearum.
Overcoming the oral aspects of ­self‐mutilation: description of a method
Authors: Shapira Joseph , Birenboim Ravit , Shoshani Michael , Abdel‐Kader Arin , Behar Ofra , Moskovitz Moti , Ben‐Attar Yaniv , Chaushu Stella , Becker Adrian 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBackground/AimSelf‐injurious behavior (SIB) is a serious and chronic condition frequently seen in special needs populations, affecting 10% to 17% of individuals diagnosed with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities. A 2.5‐year‐old infant with SIB, whose presenting symptoms were severe tongue and lip lacerations accompanied by much hemorrhage, is presented here to illustrate the problem and to show how this may be prevented.Materials and MethodsAn appliance is described which effectively limits the damage caused by SIB and permits rapid healing of existing injuries.ResultsThe method provides for a stable, retentive, and comfortable device on the infant's undererupted and largely nonretentive crowns of the deciduous teeth as well as for all permanent teeth in children, adolescents, and adults.ConclusionsThe appliance has been successfully employed for the past 10 years in patients with SIB who have attended for treatment in the Special Needs Clinic in our Department.
Temporal and bathymetric resolution of nautiloid death assemblages in stratigraphically condensed oozes (New Caledonia)
Authors: Tomašových Adam , Schlögl Ján , Kaufman Darrell S. , Hudáčková Natália 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCephalopod shells can be affected by postmortem transport and biostratigraphic condensation, but direct estimates of the temporal and spatial resolutions of cephalopod assemblages are missing. Amino acid racemisation calibrated by 14C demonstrates a centennial‐scale time averaging (<500 years) of Nautilus macromphalus in sediment‐starved, epi‐ and mesobathyal pelagic environments. The few shells that are thousands of years old are highly degraded. The median occurrence of dead shells is at 445 m depth, close to the 300–400 m depth where living N. macromphalus are most abundant. Therefore, dead shells of this species accumulate at a centennial temporal resolution and with excellent bathymetric fidelity. Dead Nautilus shells exist for only a few hundred years on the seafloor, in contrast to the biostratigraphically condensed mixture of extant foraminifers and foraminifers that went extinct during the Pleistocene. Cephalopod shells that do not show any signs of early diagenetic cementation are unlikely to be biostratigraphically condensed.
Mur (MNS 10) screening with a novel loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay in Zhongshan, China
Authors: Wei S.S. , Sun A.N. , Ding S.H. , Meng Q.L. , Wang H.M. , Duan S.B. , Tian J.J. , Chen Y.Z. , Liu X.M. , Li Y. , Liao Y.T. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe distribution of the Mur blood group antigen is 5–7% in the south of China, and a much higher prevalence is observed in some areas of the region. Anti‐Mur can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn and severe transfusion reactions.ObjectivesGenetic testing is more ideal than conventional serological tests because antibodies for detection are usually not available.MethodsIn this study, a novel loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of Mur blood group antigen was established.ResultsFifteen of 275 (5·5%) samples were confirmed by LAMP as Mur antigen positive. All the Mur antigen‐positive samples were GP.Mur subtype which was confirmed with sequencing.ConclusionThe LAMP method has identical results with conventional serology method but more suitable for large‐scale screening.
Gender and age disparities in adult undernutrition in northern Uganda: high‐risk groups not targeted by food aid programmes
Authors: Schramm Stine , Kaducu Felix Ocaka , Smedemark Siri Aas , Ovuga Emilio , Sodemann Morten 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of adult malnutrition and associated risk factors in a post‐conflict area of northern Uganda.MethodsA cross‐sectional community survey was performed from September 2011 to June 2013. All registered residents in Gulu Health and Demographic Surveillance System aged 15 years and older were considered eligible. Trained field assistants collected anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and administered questionnaires with information on sociodemographic characteristics, food security, smoking and alcohol. Nutritional status was classified by body mass index.ResultsIn total, 2062 men and 2924 women participated and were included in the analyses. The prevalence of underweight was 22.3% for men and 16.0% for women, whereas the prevalence of overweight was 1.5% for men and 7.6% for women. In men, underweight was associated with younger (15–19 years) and older age (>55 years) (P< 0.001), being divorced/separated [odds ratio (OR) = 1.91 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–2.99] and smoking (OR= 2.13, 95%CI: 1.67–2.73). For women, underweight was associated with older age (P< 0.001) and hungry‐gap rainy season (May–July) (OR= 1.33, 95%CI: 1.04–1.69). Widowed or divorced/separated women were not more likely to be underweight. No association was found between education, alcohol consumption or food security score and underweight.ConclusionsOur findings are not in line with the conventional target groups in nutritional programmes and highlight the importance of continuous health and nutritional assessments of all population groups that reflect local social determinants and family structures.
The pragmatic randomized optimal platelet and plasma ratios trial: what does it mean for remote damage control resuscitation?
Authors: Yonge John D. , Schreiber Martin A. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDImplications from the pragmatic, randomize, optimal platelet and plasma ratios (PROPPR) trial are critical for remote damage control resuscitation (DCR). Utilizing DCR principals in remote settings can combat early mortality from hemorrhage. Identifying the appropriate transfusion strategy is mandatory prior to adopting prehospital hemostatic resuscitation strategies.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe PROPPR study was examined in relation to the following questions: 1) Why is it important to have blood products in the prehospital setting?; 2) Which products should be investigated for prehospital hemostatic resuscitation?; 3) What is the appropriate ratio of blood product transfusion?; and 4) What are the appropriate indications for hemostatic resuscitation?RESULTSPROPPR demonstrates that early and balanced blood product transfusion ratios reduced mortality in all patients at 3 hours and death from exsanguination at 24 hours (p = 0.03). The median time to death from exsanguination was 2.3 hours, highlighting the need for point‐of‐injury DCR capabilities. A 1:1:1 transfusion ratio of plasma:platelets:packed red blood cells increased the percentage of patients achieving anatomic hemostasis (p = 0.006). PROPPR used the assessment of blood consumption score to identify patients likely to require ongoing hemostatic resuscitation. The critical administration threshold predicted patient mortality and identified patients likely to require ongoing hemostatic resuscitation.CONCLUSIONA balanced resuscitation strategy demonstrates an early survival benefit, decreased death from exsanguination at 24 hours and a greater likelihood of achieving hemostasis in critically injured patients receiving a 1:1:1 ratio of plasma:platelets:PRBCs. This finding highlights the need to import DCR principals to remote locations.
Making Research Results Relevant and Useable: Presenting Complex Organizational Context Data to Nonresearch Stakeholders in the Nursing Home Setting
Authors: Estabrooks Carole A. , Knopp‐Sihota Jennifer A. , Cummings Greta G. , Norton Peter G. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe success of evidence‐based practice depends on clearly and effectively communicating often complex data to stakeholders. In our program of research, Translating Research in Elder Care (TREC), we focus on improving the quality and safety of care delivered to nursing home residents in western Canada. More specifically, we investigate associations among organizational context, the use of best practices and resident outcomes. Our data are complex and we have been challenged with presenting these data in a way that is not only intuitive, but also useful for our stakeholders.AimTo illustrate a technique of organizing and presenting complex data to nonresearch stakeholders.MethodsUsing observational data previously collected within the TREC study, we used k‐means cluster analysis to categorize nursing home resident care units or facilities within our sample into two distinct groups—those with more favorable contexts (work environment) and those with less favorable contexts. We then produced scatter plots to illustrate group differences between context and various quality indicators among resident care units or facilities.ResultsCare aides working on units with more favorable context reported higher use of best practices. When aggregated at the nursing home facility level, facilities with low rates of both urinary tract infections and indwelling catheter use are higher in organizational context. When feeding back these results to stakeholders, we identify their units so that they are able to visually assess their units, both relative to each other and relative to all other units and facilities both within and among provinces.Linking Evidence to ActionAlthough we have not formally evaluated this method, we have used it extensively as part of the feedback we provide to stakeholders. As we are examining modifiable aspects of context, the stakeholder can then identify areas for improvement and thus implement a focused plan.
Aerobic exercise training in the treatment of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease related fibrosis
Authors: Linden Melissa A. , Sheldon Ryan D. , Meers Grace M. , Ortinau Laura C. , Morris E. Matthew , Booth Frank W. , Kanaley Jill A. , Vieira‐Potter Victoria J. , Sowers James R. , Ibdah Jamal A. , Thyfault John P. , Laughlin M. Harold , Rector R. Scott 
Published: April 2016

Key points
Physiologically relevant rodent models of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that resemble the human condition are limited.
Exercise training and energy restriction are first‐line recommendations for the treatment of NASH.
Hyperphagic Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima fatty rats fed a western diet high in fat, sucrose and cholesterol for 24 weeks developed a severe NASH with fibrosis phenotype.
Moderate intensity exercise training and modest energy restriction provided some improvement in the histological features of NASH that coincided with alterations in markers of hepatic stellate cell activation and extracellular matrix remodelling.
The present study highlights the importance of lifestyle modification, including exercise training and energy restriction, in the regulation of advanced liver disease.
AbstractThe incidence of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is rising but the efficacy of lifestyle modifications to improve NASH‐related outcomes remain unclear. We hypothesized that a western diet (WD) would induce NASH in the Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat and that lifestyle modification would improve this condition. Eight‐week‐old Long–Evans Tokushima Otsuka (L) and OLETF (O) rats consumed a control diet (10% kcal fat, 3.5% sucrose) or a WD (45% kcal fat, 17% sucrose, 1% cholesterol) for 24 weeks. At 20 weeks of age, additional WD‐fed OLETFs were randomized to sedentary (O‐SED), food restriction (O‐FR; ∼25% kcal reduction vs. O‐SED) or exercise training (O‐EX; treadmill running 20 m min–1 with a 15% incline, 60 min day–1, 5 days week–1) conditions for 12 weeks. WD induced a NASH phenotype in OLETFs characterized by hepatic fibrosis (collagen 1α1 mRNA and hydroxyproline content), as well as elevated inflammation and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease activity scores, and hepatic stellate cell activation (α‐smooth muscle actin) compared to Long–Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats. FR and EX modestly improved NASH‐related fibrosis markers (FR: hydroxyproline content, P < 0.01; EX: collagen 1α1 mRNA, P < 0.05; both: fibrosis score, P < 0.01) and inflammation (both: inflammation score; FR: interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor α) vs. O‐SED. FR reduced hepatic stellate cell activation markers (transforming growth factor‐β protein and α‐smooth muscle actin mRNA), whereas EX increased the hepatic stellate cell senescence marker CCN1 (P < 0.01 vs. O‐SED). Additionally, both FR and EX normalized extracellular matrix remodelling markers to levels similar to L‐WD (P > 0.05). Although neither EX nor FR led to complete resolution of the WD‐induced NASH phenotype, both independently benefitted liver fibrosis via altered hepatic stellate cell activation and extracellular matrix remodelling.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Vaccination Strain
Mycobacterium bovis
BCG S4-Jena
Authors: Wibberg Daniel , Winkler Anika , Straube Eberhard , Karrasch Matthias , Keller Peter M. , Kalinowski Jörn 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Mycobacterium bovis
BCG S4-Jena, a tuberculosis vaccine strain. The genome of S4-Jena is represented by 48 scaffolds, consisting of 132 scaffolded contigs and amounting to a size of about 4.2 Mb. New genes potentially encoding a phage fragment were identified in the genome.
Complete Draft Genome Sequence of
Escherichia coli
JF733
Authors: Kleiner Gabriele R. M. , Wibberg Daniel , Winkler Anika , Kalinowski Jörn , Wertz John E. , Friehs Karl 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
JF733 is a strain with a long history in research on membrane proteins and processes. However, tracing back the strain development raises some questions concerning the correct genotype of JF733. Here, we present the complete draft genome of
E. coli
JF733 in order to resolve any remaining uncertainties.
Complete Genome Sequences of
Aerococcus christensenii
CCUG 28831
T
,
Aerococcus sanguinicola
CCUG 43001
T
,
Aerococcus urinae
CCUG 36881
T
,
Aerococcus urinaeequi
CCUG 28094
T
,
Aerococcus urinaehominis
CCUG 42038 B
T
, and
Aerococcus viridans
CCUG 4311
T
Authors: Carkaci Derya , Dargis Rimtas , Nielsen Xiaohui Chen , Skovgaard Ole , Fuursted Kurt , Christensen Jens Jørgen 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Strains belonging to the genus
Aerococcus
are causative agents of human and animal infections, including urogenital infections, bacteremia/septicemia, and infective endocarditis. This study reports the first fully closed and complete genome sequences of six type strains belonging to the genus
Aerococcus
using a combination of Illumina HiSeq and PacBio sequencing technologies.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Methanoculleus sediminis
S3Fa
T
, a Hydrogenotrophic Methanogen Isolated from a Submarine Mud Volcano in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Sheng-Chung , Chen Mei-Fei , Weng Chieh-Yin , Lai Mei-Chin , Wu Sue-Yao 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we announce the genome sequence of
Methanoculleus sediminis
S3Fa
T
(DSM 29354
T
), a strict anaerobic methanoarchaeon, which was isolated from sediments near the submarine mud volcano MV4 located offshore in southwestern Taiwan. The 2.49-Mb genome consists of 2,459 predicted genes, 3 rRNAs, 48 tRNAs, and 1 ncRNA. The sequence of this novel strain may provide more information for species delineation and the roles that this strain plays in the unique marine mud volcano habitat.
The Sponge Hologenome
Authors: Webster Nicole S. , Thomas Torsten 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
A paradigm shift has recently transformed the field of biological science; molecular advances have revealed how fundamentally important microorganisms are to many aspects of a host’s phenotype and evolution. In the process, an era of “holobiont” research has emerged to investigate the intricate network of interactions between a host and its symbiotic microbial consortia. Marine sponges are early-diverging metazoa known for hosting dense, specific, and often highly diverse microbial communities. Here we synthesize current thoughts about the environmental and evolutionary forces that influence the diversity, specificity, and distribution of microbial symbionts within the sponge holobiont, explore the physiological pathways that contribute to holobiont function, and describe the molecular mechanisms that underpin the establishment and maintenance of these symbiotic partnerships. The collective genomes of the sponge holobiont form the sponge hologenome, and we highlight how the forces that define a sponge’s phenotype in fact act on the genomic interplay between the different components of the holobiont.
Income inequality within urban settings and depressive symptoms among adolescents
Authors: Pabayo Roman , Dunn Erin C , Gilman Stephen E , Kawachi Ichiro , Molnar Beth E 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundAlthough recent evidence has shown that area-level income inequality is related to increased risk for depression among adults, few studies have tested this association among adolescents.MethodsWe analysed the cross-sectional data from a sample of 1878 adolescents living in 38 neighbourhoods participating in the 2008 Boston Youth Survey. Using multilevel linear regression modelling, we: (1) estimated the association between neighbourhood income inequality and depressive symptoms, (2) tested for cross-level interactions between sex and neighbourhood income inequality and (3) examined neighbourhood social cohesion as a mediator of the relationship between income inequality and depressive symptoms.ResultsThe association between neighbourhood income inequality and depressive symptoms varied significantly by sex, with girls in higher income inequality neighbourhood reporting higher depressive symptom scores, but not boys. Among girls, a unit increase in Gini Z-score was associated with more depressive symptoms (β=0.38, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.47, p=0.01) adjusting for nativity, neighbourhood income, social cohesion, crime and social disorder. There was no evidence that the association between income inequality and depressive symptoms was due to neighbourhood-level differences in social cohesion.ConclusionsThe distribution of incomes within an urban area adversely affects adolescent girls' mental health; future work is needed to understand why, as well as to examine in greater depth the potential consequences of inequality for males, which may have been difficult to detect here.
Expression of ANRIL–Polycomb Complexes–CDKN2A/B/ARF Genes in Breast Tumors: Identification of a Two-Gene (EZH2/CBX7) Signature with Independent Prognostic Value
Authors: Meseure Didier , Vacher Sophie , Alsibai Kinan Drak , Nicolas Andre , Chemlali Walid , Caly Martial , Lidereau Rosette , Pasmant Eric , Callens Celine , Bieche Ivan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
ANRIL, a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), has recently been reported to have a direct role in recruiting polycomb repressive complexes PRC2 and PRC1 to regulate the expression of the p15/CDKN2B-p16/CDKN2A-p14/ARF gene cluster. Expression analysis of ANRIL, EZH2, SUZ12, EED, JARID2, CBX7, BMI1, p16, p15, and p14/ARF genes was evaluated in a large cohort of invasive breast carcinomas (IBC, n = 456) by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on CBX7, EZH2, p14, p15, p16, H3K27me3, and H3K27ac. We observed significant overexpression in IBCs of ANRIL (19.7%) and EZH2 (77.0%) and an underexpression of CBX7 (39.7%). Correlations were identified between these genes, their expression patterns, and several classical clinical and pathologic parameters, molecular subtypes, and patient outcomes, as well as with proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and breast cancer stem cell markers. Multivariate analysis revealed that combined EZH2/CBX7 status is an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.001). In addition, several miRNAs negatively associated with CBX7 underexpression and EZH2 overexpression. These data demonstrate a complex pattern of interactions between lncRNA ANRIL, several miRNAs, PRC2/PRC1 subunits, and p15/CDKN2B-p16/CDKN2A-p14/ARF locus and suggest that their expression should be considered together to evaluate antitumoral drugs, in particular the BET bromodomain inhibitors.
Implications: This study suggests that the global pattern of expression rather than expression of individual family members should be taken into account when defining functionality of repressive Polycomb complexes and therapeutic targeting potential. Mol Cancer Res; 14(7); 623–33. ©2016 AACR.