bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cenozoic paleogeographic evolution of the Elko Basin and surrounding region, northeast Nevada
Authors: Lundstern J.-E. , Miller E.L. , Grove M. , Hourigan J.K. , Konstantinou A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Geologic mapping, supported by 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of sedimentary and volcanic rocks, reveals the details of the Cenozoic depositional and tectonic history of the eastern Piñon Range and central Huntington Valley in the north-central Basin and Range Province, Nevada (USA). Cretaceous to Miocene supracrustal successions were studied in detail in order to compare the geologic evolution of the upper crust near the Ruby Mountains–East Humboldt Range (RMEH) metamorphic core complex (MCC) with the magmatic, metamorphic, and deformational history of the deep crust in the developing MCC. During the well-documented Late Cretaceous–Oligocene history of partial melting and infrastructure development within the RMEH, surface deposits in Huntington Valley reflect general tectonic quiescence, with evidence for the development of the shallow Elko Basin, minor extension, and eruption of southward-younging ignimbrite flare-up volcanism. Thin, discontinuous successions of Cretaceous–early Cenozoic sedimentary strata were locally blanketed by rhyodacite ignimbrites, domes, and subvolcanic intrusions of the Robinson Mountain volcanic field between 38.5 and 36.8 Ma. This magmatic event represents the first local expression of Cenozoic volcanism linked to the ignimbrite flare-up, and its onset occurred slightly after a renewal of partial melting in the RMEH beginning ca. 42 Ma. The volcanic section was subsequently tilted ∼10°–15° west before ca. 33.9 ± 0.4 Ma. Although melting continued at depth in the RMEH until after 30 Ma, there was no eruption of volcanic rocks after Robinson Mountain volcanism. An additional ≥10°–15° of westward tilting occurred between 31.1 ± 0.3 Ma and ca. 24.4 Ma, as bracketed by the 31 Ma tuff of Hackwood Ranch (which was probably erupted from a distant caldera) and an angular unconformity beneath the overlying Miocene Humboldt Formation. Neither of these tilting events and unconformities appears to represent significant (&gt;∼1 km each) extension, but they could be surface expressions of magmatism, metamorphism, and crustal flow at depth. The Humboldt Formation includes &gt;2000 m of sediment deposited mostly between ca. 16 and 12 Ma, with deposition lasting until at least ca. 8.2 Ma. Humboldt Formation sediments thicken eastward, toward the west-dipping fault that bounds the RMEH, and are interpreted as a basin that developed in the hanging wall of this fault system. Motion on this normal fault system led to the exhumation of metamorphic and igneous rocks of the core complex ∼10 m.y. after the documented cessation of partial melting, high-temperature metamorphism, and intrusion of granitoids into the deep crust ca. 29 Ma. Metamorphic clasts and a detrital zircon signature thought to represent RMEH provenance are first detected in 14.2 Ma or younger sediments.
Low chronic workload and the acute:chronic workload ratio are more predictive of injury than between-match recovery time: a two-season prospective cohort study in elite rugby league players
Authors: Hulin Billy T , Gabbett Tim J , Caputi Peter , Lawson Daniel W , Sampson John A 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundBetween-match recovery time, and acute and chronic workloads likely affect subsequent match-injury risk in elite rugby league players.MethodsWorkloads of 28 players throughout two seasons were calculated during short (<7 days), and long (≥7 days) between-match recovery times. ‘Acute’ workloads (1 week) greater than ‘chronic’ workloads (4-week rolling average acute workload) resulted in acute:chronic workload ratios above 1.ResultsNo difference was found between the match-injury risk of short and long between-match recovery periods (7.5±2.5% vs 6.8±2.5%). When players had a short recovery between matches, high chronic workloads (18.9–22.0 km) were associated with a smaller risk of match injury than chronic workloads <18.9 km (relative risk (RR) range 0.27–0.32 (CI 0.08 to 0.92); likelihood range 90–95%, likely). Players who had shorter recovery and acute:chronic workload ratios ≥1.6, were 3.4–5.8 times likely to sustain a match injury than players with lower acute:chronic workload ratios (RR range 3.41–5.80 (CI 1.17 to 19.2); likelihood range 96–99%, very likely). Acute:chronic workload ratios between 1.2 and 1.6 during short between-match recovery times demonstrated a greater risk of match injury than ratios between 1.0 and 1.2 (RR=2.88 (CI 0.97 to 8.55); likelihood=92%, likely).ConclusionsContrary to the philosophy that high workloads and shorter recovery equate to increased injury risk, our data suggest that high and very-high chronic workloads mayprotectagainst match injury following shorter between-match recovery periods. Acute:chronic workload ratios ∼1.5 are associated with a greater risk of match injury than lower acute:chonic workload ratios. Importantly, workloads can be manipulated to decrease the match-injury risk associated with shorter recovery time between matches.
Effects and dose–response relationships of resistance training on physical performance in youth athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lesinski Melanie , Prieske Olaf , Granacher Urs 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo quantify age, sex, sport and training type-specific effects of resistance training on physical performance, and to characterise dose–response relationships of resistance training parameters that could maximise gains in physical performance in youth athletes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies.Data sourcesStudies were identified by systematic literature search in the databases PubMed and Web of Science (1985–2015). Weighted mean standardised mean differences (SMDwm) were calculated using random-effects models.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesOnly studies with an active control group were included if these investigated the effects of resistance training in youth athletes (6–18 years) and tested at least one physical performance measure.Results43 studies met the inclusion criteria. Our analyses revealed moderate effects of resistance training on muscle strength and vertical jump performance (SMDwm0.8–1.09), and small effects on linear sprint, agility and sport-specific performance (SMDwm0.58–0.75). Effects were moderated by sex and resistance training type. Independently computed dose–response relationships for resistance training parameters revealed that a training period of >23 weeks, 5 sets/exercise, 6–8 repetitions/set, a training intensity of 80–89% of 1 repetition maximum (RM), and 3–4 min rest between sets were most effective to improve muscle strength (SMDwm2.09–3.40).Summary/conclusionsResistance training is an effective method to enhance muscle strength and jump performance in youth athletes, moderated by sex and resistance training type. Dose–response relationships for key training parameters indicate that youth coaches should primarily implement resistance training programmes with fewer repetitions and higher intensities to improve physical performance measures of youth athletes.
Improving Documentation and Communication Using Operative Note Proformas
Authors: Mahapatra Piyush , ieong edmund 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAccurate and detailed documentation of surgical procedures is part of good clinical practice, set out by the General Medical Council (GMC). Knee arthroscopy often involves large data sets which require accurate documentation for future assessment and management. This study assesses the quality of documentation of knee arthroscopy, followed by an evaluation of the implementation of a novel operative proforma.A review of 30 consecutive knee arthroscopy operation notes were analysed for missing information, set against a standardised 30 point criteria. An operation proforma was then introduced, and a further 30 consecutive knee arthroscopy operation notes were analysed. We evaluated allied health professional satisfaction with a Likert point scale survey of 21 allied healthcare professionals (recovery and ward nurses, and physiotherapists) following introduction of the proforma. The mean number of missing items on a 30 point scale was 8.8 (range 0 to 23). Examination under anaesthesia was missed in 43% of cases, tourniquet time in 37% of cases, and wear results in 17% of cases. Following introduction of the proforma, the mean number of missing items was 1.1 (range 0 to 24; p <0.001). This rose to 3.8 after one year (p <0.001) before improvement to 0.7 (p <0.01) with a new and improved proforma. Eighty percent strongly agreed the operation note was clearer, 90% strongly agreed it was more legible, 90% strongly agreed it was more understandable, 50% strongly agreed there was more information recorded, and 100% strongly agreed on the proforma having been improved.Knee arthroscopy is a common procedure with large data sets, which can often be missed or incomplete. A standardised proforma results in a statistically significant improvement in documentation and reduces the incidence of missing information. They are subjectively clearer, more legible, and generally better compared with handwritten notes. This study demonstrates the improvements in healthcare documentation, both clinically and legally, following introduction of a simple proforma. This concept should be applicable to different specialities and procedures in healthcare.
‘A Friend in the Corner’: supporting people at home in the last year of life via telephone and video consultation—an evaluation
Authors: Middleton-Green L , Gadoud A , Norris B , Sargeant A , Nair S , Wilson L , Livingstone H , Small N 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate ‘Gold Line’, a 24/7, nurse-led telephone and video-consultation support service for patients thought to be in the last year of life in Bradford, Airedale, Wharfedale and Craven.MethodData on the time and nature of all calls between 1 April 2014 and 30 March 2015 were obtained from the patient Electronic Records. Interviews with 13 participants captured patients and carers perspectives.ResultsTo date, 3291 patients have been referred to the Gold Line. During the study period, 42% of registered patients had a non-cancer diagnosis and 45.2% of service users were not known to Specialist Palliative Care services. The median time on the caseload was 49 days (range 1–504 days). 4533 telephone calls and 573 video consultations were made involving 1813 individuals. 39% of the 5106 contacts were resolved by the Gold Line team without referral to other services. 69% of calls were made outside normal working hours. Interviews with patients and carers reported experiences of support and reassurance from the Gold Line and the importance of practical advice was emphasised. Current data (year to October 2015) show that 98.5% of calls (4500/4568) resulted in patients remaining in their place of residence.ConclusionsA nurse led, 24/7 telephone and video consultation service can provide valuable support for patients identified to be in the last year of life and for their carers. The line enabled them to feel supported and remain in their place of residence, hence reducing the pressure for avoidable hospital admissions and use of other services. Providing this service may encourage healthcare professionals to identify more patients approaching the last year of life, widening support offered to this group of patients beyond those known to specialist palliative care services.
Prospective, randomised and blinded comparison of proficiency-based progression full-physics virtual reality simulator training versus invasive vascular experience for learning carotid artery angiography by very experienced operators
Authors: Cates Christopher U , Lönn Lars , Gallagher Anthony G 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionWe assessed the transfer of training (ToT) of virtual reality simulation training compared to invasive vascular experience training for carotid artery angiography (CA) for highly experienced interventionists but new to carotid procedures.MethodsProspective, randomised and blinded.SettingCatheterisation and skills laboratories in the USA.ParticipantsExperienced (mean volume=15 000 cases) interventional cardiologists (n=12) were randomised to train on virtual reality (VR) simulation to a quantitatively defined level of proficiency or to a traditional supervised in vivo patient case training.Outcome measuresThe observed performance differences in performing a CA between two matched groups were then blindly assessed using predefined metrics of performance.ResultsExperienced interventional cardiologists trained on the VR simulator performed significantly better than their equally experienced controls showing a significantly lower rate of objectively assessed intraoperative errors in CA. Performance showed 17–49% ToT from the VR to the in vivo index case.DiscussionThis is the first prospective, randomised and blinded clinical study to report that VR simulation training transfers improved procedural skills to clinical performance on live patients for experienced interventionists. This study, for the first time, demonstrates that VR simulation offers a powerful, safe and effective platform for training interventional skills for highly experienced interventionists with the greatest impact on procedural error reduction.
Video intervention changes parent perception of all-terrain vehicle (ATV) safety for children
Authors: House Taylor , Schwebel David C , Mullins Samantha H , Sutton Andrea J , Swearingen Christopher J , Bai Shasha , Aitken Mary E 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundChildren aged <16 years account for 25% of deaths on all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), despite public health and industry warning against paediatric use. Parents often underestimate instability and other risks associated with ATVs.ObjectiveTo determine if a brief intervention consisting of validated computer simulations of ATV performance with a child driver changes attitudes, beliefs and planned safety behaviours of parents of children who ride ATVs.Design/methodsParticipants were parents of children presenting to a children's hospital emergency department. All participants had children who had ridden an ATV in the past year. Subjects viewed a video simulation of ATVs in scenarios featuring 6-year-old and 10-year-old biofidelic anthropomorphic test devices. Parents completed a survey both before and after viewing the video to report attitudes/beliefs on ATV safety for children, use of safety equipment and family ATV use, as well as risk and safety perception.ResultsSurveys were collected from 99 parents, mostly mothers (79%), Caucasian (61%) and had high school education or less (64%). The intervention shifted parents’ belief in overall ATV safety (48% unsafe pre-intervention, 73% unsafe post-intervention, p<0.001). After viewing the video simulation, parents were almost six times more likely to perceive ATVs as unsafe (OR 5.96, 95% CI 2.32 to 15.31, p<0.001) and many parents (71%) planned to change family ATV safety rules.ConclusionVideo simulations of ATV performance with child riders changed short-term risk perception and planned safety behaviours of parents whose children ride ATVs. Similar educational interventions hold promise for larger-scale studies in at-risk populations.
Gross examination and reporting of soft tissue tumours: evaluation of compliance with the UK Royal College of Pathologists soft tissue sarcoma dataset
Authors: Shah Chirag , Wang Jayson , Mubako Taka , Fisher Cyril , Thway Khin 
Published: February 2016

AimsSoft tissue tumours are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that can arise at almost every anatomical site. As they often show similar clinical and radiological findings, histology is the definitive diagnostic method and it is crucial that the surgical pathology report contains accurate, useful information for management and prognostication. The soft tissue sarcoma minimum dataset produced by the Royal College of Pathologists in the UK outlines a structure for handling and reporting soft tissue tumours, including the core data required, and aiding pathologists in forming a consistent reporting approach.MethodsWe assessed the information in surgical pathology reports for soft tissue lesions at a tertiary soft tissue centre, in 1 year prior to the development of this dataset, and 1 year after its release, to audit the comparative adequacy of macroscopic and microscopic information provided, and to assess for differences in reporting since the advent of routine ancillary molecular diagnostic testing.Results and conclusionsWe found that while essential information was always included in reports, more specific details contributing to better quality reports such as more detailed macroscopic descriptions and a higher proportion of clinical summaries with radiological correlation were included in 2011 than 2006, despite increasing workload. Specimen handling, particularly of core biopsies, was also improved, reflecting the increasing need to conserve the maximum amount of patient material for molecular investigations.
Stress-coping skills and neuroticism in apical ballooning syndrome (Takotsubo/stress cardiomyopathy)
Authors: Scantlebury Dawn C , Rohe Daniel E , Best Patricia J M , Lennon Ryan J , Lerman Amir , Prasad Abhiram 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionApical ballooning syndrome (ABS) is typically associated with an antecedent stressful situation. Affected patients have been reported to have higher frequencies of premorbid affective disorders. We hypothesised that patients with ABS would have elevated levels of neuroticism (tendency to experience negative affect) and greater vulnerability to stress.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, all active participants in the Mayo Clinic ABS prospective follow-up registry were invited to complete the third edition of the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-3). The NEO-PI-3 is the universally accepted measure of the ‘Five-Factor Model’ of personality. Inventory responses were scored using the NEO-PI-3 computer program and the data were compared with US normative sample used in standardisation of the inventory. Significance was set at 0.0014 to account for multiple comparisons.ResultsOf 106 registry participants approached, 53 completed the inventory. There was no difference in age, gender, time from ABS diagnosis, type of antecedent stressor (emotional, physical or none) or severity of initial illness between the responders and non-responders. Responders had mean Neuroticism T-scores of 48.0±10.6 (95% CI 45.1 to 50.9); p=0.18, when compared with the normal mean of 50. There was also no significant difference in the facet scale of Vulnerability: 46.9±8.4 (44.6 to 49.2), p=0.038, at α=0.0014.ConclusionsContrary to our hypothesis, patients with ABS do not manifest higher levels of neuroticism and do not have greater vulnerability to stress than the general population. These findings have implications for the clinicians’ perception of, and approach to, patients with ABS.
Does the timing of cardiac rehabilitation impact fitness outcomes? An observational analysis
Authors: Fell Jennifer , Dale Veronica , Doherty Patrick 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo ascertain the characteristics associated with delayed cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and determine if an association between CR timing and fitness outcomes exists in patients receiving routine care.MethodsThe study used data from the UK National Audit of Cardiac Rehabilitation, a data set which captures information on routine CR practice and patient outcomes. Data from 1 January 2012 to 8 September 2015 were included. Logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between timing of CR and fitness-related outcomes as measured by patient-reported exercise level (150 min/week: yes/no), Dartmouth quality of life physical fitness scale and the incremental shuttle-walk test.ResultsBased on UK data current CR practice shows that programmes do not always adhere to recommendations on the start of prompt CR, that is, start CR within 28 days of referral (42 days for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)). Wait time exceeded recommendations in postmyocardial infarction (post-MI), elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), MI-PCI and post-CABG surgery patients. This was particularly pronounced in the medically managed post-MI group, median wait time 40 days. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed that delayed CR significantly impacts fitness outcomes. For every 1-day increase in CR wait time, patients were 1% less likely to improve across all fitness-related measures (p<0.05).ConclusionsWith the potential for suboptimal patient outcome if starting CR is delayed, efforts should be made to identify and overcome barriers to timely CR provision.
Widening of normal fault zones due to the inhibition of vertical propagation
Authors: Roche V. , Homberg C. , van der Baan M. , Rocher M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we document the early stage of fault-zone development based on detailed observations of mesocale faults in layered rocks. The vertical propagation of the studied faults is stopped by layer-parallel faults contained in a weak layer. This restriction involves a flat-topped throw profile along the fault plane and modifications of the fault structures near the restricted tips, with geometries ranging from planar structures to fault zones characterized by abundant parallel fault segments. The ‘far-field’ displacement (i.e. the sum of the displacement accumulated by all the fault segments and the folding) measured along the restricted faults exhibiting this segmentation may have flat-topped shapes or triangular shapes when fault-related folding is observed above the layer-parallel faults. We develop a model from the observations. In this model, during the course of restriction, a fault forms as a simple isolated planar structure, then parallel fault segments successively initiate to accommodate the increasing displacement. We assume that, eventually, the fault propagates beyond the layer-parallel fault. This model implies first that fault widening is controlled by the fault capacity to propagate vertically in the layered section. Likewise, owing to restriction, fault growth occurs with non-linear increases in maximum displacement, length and thickness.