bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Color Gamut with Wavelength‐Selective Polarization Modulation in Chiral Liquid Crystals
Authors: Park Hyewon , Kim Juyeol , Park Geonhyeong , Yoon Dong Ki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDichroic dye‐doped liquid crystal (LC) films are extensively developed to mimic the polarization‐dependent coloration found in nature, demonstrating potential applications in various optical devices, like displays. However, despite their remarkable optical anisotropy and functional potential, achieving precise coloration, especially green hues, in dichroic dye‐based films remains challenging due to the inherently broad absorption bands of the dyes. In this study, a straightforward and effective platform is proposed to extend the color gamut of dichroic dye‐doped LC films by utilizing cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) as wavelength‐selective polarization modulators. CLCs induce continuous optical rotation across the visible spectrum, enabling modulation of the polarization state of transmitted light. By systematically analyzing the optical properties of CLC, red, and cyan dichroic film‐based trilayer systems, the study demonstrates that simultaneous wavelength‐ and polarization‐selective absorption significantly extends the color gamut beyond that of conventional dichroic films. The findings indicate that the strategic positioning and alignment direction of dichroic films allow for precise control over transmission colors, making it possible to achieve previously unattainable green hues and a wider range of color variations.
Electrodialysis as a Method for LiOH Production: Cell Configurations and Ion‐Exchange Membranes
Authors: Amores Marco , Ang Kwang Loon , Nikoloski Aleksandar N. , Pozo‐Gonzalo Cristina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLithium hydroxide (LiOH) is rapidly becoming the main precursor for layered oxide cathodes used in lithium ion batteries. Current hydrometallurgical method for LiOH production uses substantial amounts of chemicals and creates wastes, leaving behind a negative environmental footprint. Electrodialysis is emerging as a more sustainable technology for LiOH production, effectively eliminating the conventional chemical addition step and its subsequent waste management. Additionally, hydrogen is generated as a by‐product during the electrodialysis process. Various configurations of the electrodialysis cell have been employed to maximize the energy efficiency of the process and the purity of the LiOH product. Nonetheless, this review found that there is a lack of concerted effort in developing ion exchange membranes specific for LiOH production. Current membrane technologies are not tailored to LiOH production, with limited selectivity to lithium in relative to other monovalent cations, as well as relying heavily on harmful perfluoroalkyl (PFA)‐based polymeric membranes. In this review, special attention is given to the state of the art in the testing and development of membranes, i.e., cation and anion exchange membranes, bipolar membranes, as well as novel membranes that are potentially low‐cost, non‐fluorinated, lithium‐selective with high chemical stability and mechanical robustness.
Discovery of Ketal‐Ester Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticle with Reduced Hepatotoxicity, Enhanced Spleen Tropism for mRNA Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Lv Kai , Yu Zhenlei , Wang Jing , Li Na , Wang Apeng , Xue Tiezheng , Wang Qixin , Shi Yanqin , Han Lu , Qin Wei , Gong Jiaqi , Song Huijuan , Zhang Tingting , Chang Chunyan , Chen Hua , Zhong Xijun , Ding Jian , Chen Rui , Liu Mingliang , Zhang Weiguo , Cen Shan , Dong Yijie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe safety and efficacy of the lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery system are crucial for the successful development of messenger RNA vaccines. We designed and synthesized a series of ketal ester lipids (KELs), featuring a biodegradable ketal moiety in the linker and ester segments in the tail. Through iterative optimization of the head and tail groups of KELs, we tuned the pKa and molecular shapes, and identified (4S)‐KEL12 as a safe and efficient ionizable lipid for mRNA delivery. (4S)‐KEL12 LNP showed significantly higher delivery efficacy and lower toxicity than the DLin‐MC3‐DMA LNP. In comparison to SM‐102 LNP, (4S)‐KEL12 LNP exhibited better spleen tropism, reduced liver tropism, and hepatotoxicity. Additionally, (4S)‐KEL12 demonstrated good biodegradability following intramuscular or intravenous injection. Notably, (4S)‐KEL12 LNP encapsulated with a therapeutic mRNA cancer vaccine elicited robust cellular immune responses leading to substantial tumor regression along with prolonged survival in tumor‐bearing mice. Our results suggest that (4S)‐KEL12 LNP holds great promise for mRNA vaccine delivery. The comprehensive analysis of the structure‐activity relationship, toxicity, biodegradability, distribution, expression, efficacy, and stereochemistry of these LNPs will greatly contribute to the rational design and discovery of novel lipid‐based delivery systems.
Non‐linear Photoexcited Negative Differential Conductivity in Bulk SrTiO3 Single Crystals
Authors: Newing Alexander Connor , Alexe Marin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCurrent density curves for the [100], [110], and [111] crystallographic directions of photoexcited, nominally pure, bulk SrTiO3 are studied, revealing a strong anisotropy between these crystallographic directions. In the [110] direction two distinct peaks in the current‐voltage characteristics with two different negative differential conductivity regions are distinguishable. The two regions can be explained with two different mechanisms, one based on field‐enhanced trapping and the second the transferred electron effect based on two‐valley conduction band interacting with a trap. Photoluminescence spectra revealed Cr impurities to be the potential origin of the current density anisotropy. In the high temperatures range and low photon fluxes the photoconductivity follows a classical Hecht model with a mu‐tau (μτ) value up to 10−4 cm2 V−1.
Resolving Scaling Issues in Self‐Assembled Monolayer‐Based Perovskite Solar Modules via Additive Engineering
Authors: Pininti Anil Reddy , Subbiah Anand Selvin , Deger Caner , Yavuz Ilhan , Prasetio Adi , Dally Pia , Hnapovskyi Vladyslav , Said Ahmed Ali , Torres Merino Luis Victor , Mannar Subhashri , Zhumagali Shynggys , Vishal Badri , Marengo Marco , Razzaq Arsalan , Babics Maxime , Allen Thomas G. , Aydin Erkan , Azmi Randi , De Wolf Stefaan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMolecular self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), anchored on a transparent conductive oxide, serve as a class of effective hole‐selective contacts in high‐performance lab‐scale perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, scaling these SAM‐based PSCs to large‐area modules introduces challenges, such as the de‐wetting of the perovskite ink on glass around P1 scribe zones—a part of the module design – which compromises film uniformity and reproducibility. To overcome these coverage anomalies, the study incorporates 1,3‐dimethyl‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐2(1H)‐pyrimidinone (DMPU) into the SAM solution, enhancing the interaction between the SAM and the perovskite ink and improving wettability. The approach leads to the fabrication of wide‐bandgap (1.67 eV) PSCs with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 22.4% for small‐area devices (0.057 cm2) and 20% for perovskite mini‐modules (9.8 cm2) with high reproducibility. Additionally, the target devices demonstrate enhanced photostability, maintaining 80% of their initial PCE after 490 hours of maximum power point tracking under continuous 1‐sun illumination. This study identifies the key challenges in scaling up SAM‐based perovskite modules and presents a promising strategy for fabricating scalable SAM‐based perovskite modules.
Optimum source, rate, timing, and placement of phosphorus fertilizer for Illinois soybean
Authors: Nakayama Yuhei , Leon Patricia , Douglass Michael , Becker Talon , Margenot Andrew J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConsistent increases in soybean (Glycine max L.) grain yields over the past decades in Illinois have co‐increased P demand, but—as for many US Midwest states—P fertilizer recommendations are outdated. We evaluated soybean grain yield, P uptake and removal with grain harvest, and P use efficiency in 4 site‐years of field trials on Argiudolls‐Endoaquolls and Fragiudalfs‐Hapludalfs under annual P application treatments of source (monoammonium phosphate [MAP], diammonium phosphate [DAP], triple superphosphate [TSP]), rate (partial vs. full maintenance rate), and timing–placement combination (fall and spring broadcast, spring banding). Substituting ammonium phosphate fertilizers, the most commonly used P fertilizers in the US Midwest, with N‐free TSP supported similar yields and resulted in similar P removal as hypothesized, while avoiding co‐applied N that can be subject to losses primarily via leaching. Soybean yield and grain P removal were unresponsive to rate, timing, and placement even at the partial rate, although banding and spring application may have reduced N loss risk for MAP and DAP. Given the challenges in accurately estimating P removal rate by grain harvest due to the variability in yield and grain P concentrations across years, assessment of P use efficiency should focus on long‐term balance between fertilization (input) and crop removal (output).
Mechanism of hierarchical plasmonic biomaterials engineered through peptide‐directed self‐assembly
Authors: Amer Lubna , Retout Maurice , Jin Zhicheng , Kakanar Sumathi , Jokerst Jesse V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHierarchical plasmonic biomaterials constructed from small nanoparticles (NPs) that combine into larger micron‐sized structures exhibit unique properties that can be harnessed for various applications. Using diffusion‐limited aggregation (DLA) and defined peptide sequences, we developed fractal silver biomaterials with a Brownian tree structure. This method avoids complex redox chemistry and allows precise control of interparticle distance and material morphology through peptide design and concentration. Our systematic investigation revealed how peptide charge, length, and sequence impact biomaterial morphology, confirming that peptides act as bridging motifs between particles and induce coalescence. Characterization through spectroscopy and microscopy demonstrated that arginine‐based peptides are optimal for fractal assembly based on both quantitative and qualitative measurements. Additionally, our study of diffusion behavior confirmed the effect of particle size, temperature, and medium viscosity on nanoparticle mobility. This work also provides insights into the facet distribution in silver NPs and their assembly mechanisms, offering potential advancements in the design of materials for medical, environmental, and electronic applications.
Productive CHO cell lines selection in biopharm process development through machine learning on metabolomic dynamics
Authors: Barberi Gianmarco , Benedetti Antonio , Diaz‐Fernandez Paloma , Sévin Daniel C. , Vappiani Johanna , Finka Gary , Bezzo Fabrizio , Facco Pierantonio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe identification of highly productive cell lines is crucial in the development of bioprocesses for the production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Metabolomics data provide valuable information for cell line selection and allow the study of the relationship with mAb productivity and product quality attributes. We propose a novel robust machine learning procedure which, exploiting dynamic metabolomic data from the Ambr®15 scale, supports the selection of highly productive cell lines during biopharmaceutical bioprocess development and scale‐up. The metabolomic profiles dynamics allows to identify the cell lines with high productivity, already in the early stages of experimentation, and the biomarkers that are the most related to mAb productivity, finding at the same time the key metabolic pathways for discriminating mAb productivity. Specifically, tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways are predominant in the early stages of the cultivation, while amino and nucleotide sugar pathways influence in the late stages of the culture.
A preliminary review of the utility of artificial intelligence to detect eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Rajan Jayanth , Rosen Ross , Karasik Daniel , Richter John , Cabrera Claudia , D'Anza Brian , Rodriguez Kenneth , Rangarajan Sanjeet V. 
Published: October 2024

Key points
While typically diagnosed with biopsy, ECRS may be predicted preoperatively with the use of AI.
Various AI models have been used, with pooled sensitivity of 0.857 and specificity of 0.850.
We found no statistically significant difference between the accuracy of various AI models.
Thin Zinc Electrodes Stabilized with Organobromine‐Partnered H2O−Zn−MeOH Cluster Ions for Practical Zinc‐Metal Pouch Cells
Authors: Ji Jie , Du Haoran , Zhu Zhenglu , Qi Xiaoqun , Zhou Fei , Li Rui , Jiang Ruining , Qie Long , Huang Yunhui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe utilization of thin zinc (Zn) anodes with a high depth of discharge is an effective strategy to increase the energy density of aqueous Zn metal batteries (ZMBs), but challenged by the poor reversibility of Zn electrode due to the serious Zn‐consuming side reactions at the Zn||electrolyte interface. Here, we introduce 2‐bromomethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane (BDOL) and methanol (MeOH) as electrolyte additive into aqueous ZnSO4 electrolyte. In the as‐formulated electrolyte, BDOL with a strong electron‐withdrawing group (−CH2Br) tends to pair with the H2O−Zn−MeOH complex, leading to the formation of organobromine‐partnered H2O−Zn−MeOH cluster ions. During the Zn electrodeposition process, the formed ZnO‐dominated by‐products induce the polymerization of BDOL monomers, which are previously adsorbed on the electrode. As a result, a uniform dual‐layer SEI with ZnO‐dominated outer layer and polyether‐dominated inner layer is built on the surface of Zn electrode. With such an in situ formed dual‐layer SEI, the Zn||Mg0.9Mn3O7 ⋅ 2.7H2O pouch cell using a 10‐um Zn anode (corresponding to a low negative to positive areal capacity ratio of 3.56) successfully operated for 300 cycles with a high capacity retention of 86 %, promising a high practical energy density of >120 Wh/kg (based on the total mass of Zn and Mg0.9Mn3O7 ⋅ 2.7H2O).
Schnelle kollektive Wasserstoffbrückenbindungsdynamik in Hexafluorisopropanol im Kontext seiner chemischen Aktivität
Authors: Caporaletti Federico , Gunkel Lucas , Fernández‐Ibáñezhttps M. Ángeles , Hunger Johannes , Woutersen Sander 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDie Verwendung von fluorierten Monoalkoholen, insbesondere von Hexafluorisopropanol (HFIP), als Lösungsmittel kann chemische Reaktion auf spektakuläre Weise beschleunigen. Frühere Arbeiten haben gezeigt, dass diese erhöhte Reaktivität mit der Wasserstoffbrückenbindungsstruktur dieser Flüssigkeiten zusammenhängt. Hier untersuchen wir die Wasserstoffbrückenbindungsdynamik von HFIP und vergleichen sie mit der seines nicht fluorierten Analogons, Isopropanol. Ultraschnelle Infrarotspektroskopie zeigt, dass die Dynamik einzelner Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen in HFIP etwa doppelt so langsam ist wie in Isopropanol. Überraschenderweise legen dielektrische Spektren das umgekehrte Verhalten für die Dynamik von Wasserstoffbrücken‐gebundenen Clustern nahe: kollektive Umlagerungen sind in HFIP dreimal schneller als in Isopropanol. Dieser Unterschied deutet darauf hin, dass die Wasserstoffbrücken‐gebundenen Cluster in HFIP kleiner sind als in Isopropanol. Die Unterschiede in der Clustergröße lassen sich durch Unterschiede in den Stärken der Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen erklären. Die geringere Clustergröße in HFIP kann Reaktionen beschleunigen, da die Konzentration der reaktiven, endständigen OH‐Gruppen der Cluster erhöht ist, während die schnelle kollektive Dynamik die Geschwindigkeit der Bildung von Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen mit den Reaktanden begünstigen kann. Die längere Lebensdauer der einzelnen Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen in HFIP kann die Stabilität der Wasserstoffbrücken‐gebundenen Cluster erhöhen und damit die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Ausbildung von Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zwischen Reaktanden und Lösungsmittel steigern.
Inhomogeneous Coordination in High‐Entropy O3‐Type Cathodes Enables Suppressed Slab Gliding and Durable Sodium Storage
Authors: Zhao Shengyu , Ning Fanghua , Yu Xuan , Guo Baiyu , Teófilo Reinaldo F. , Huang Jianyu , Shi Qinhao , Wu Shuang , Feng Wuliang , Zhao Yufeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractO3‐type layered oxides are highly promising cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), however they undergo complex phase transitions and exhibit high sensibility to air, leading to subpar cycling performance and commercial viability. In this work, we report a layered cathode material (NaNi0.29Cu0.1Mg0.05Li0.05Mn0.2Ti0.2Sn0.11O2) with a sate‐of‐the‐art high‐entropy compositional design. We unveil that such a configuration featuring inhomogeneous coordination environment of transition metal (TM) elements, can enable enhanced gliding energy (−0.38 vs −0.58 eV) of TMO2 slabs upon desodiation both theoretically and experimentally, which underlies the fundamental origin of the outstanding structural stability of HEO materials. As a consequence, the complex phase transitions (O3−O′3−P3−P′3−P3′−O3′) of conventional O3‐type cathode have been eliminated, and the as‐obtained material demonstrates exceptional structural robustness and integrity with an ultra‐long cycle life in a quasi‐solid‐state cell (maintaining 73.2 % capacity after 1000 cycles at 2 C). Moreover, the material presents satisfactory air stability, with minimal structural and electrochemical degradation when directly exposed to the air. An Ah‐scale pouch cell based on the cathode material is constructed, demonstrating a capacity retention of 83.6 % after 500 cycles, signaling substantial promise for commercial applications.
Chiral Co‐assembly Based on a Stimuli‐Responsive Polymer towards Amplified Full‐Color Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Zhao Wen‐Long , Guo Wei‐Chen , Tan Ke.‐Ke , Yu Zhen‐Xing , Li Meng , Chen Chuan‐Feng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStimuli‐responsive circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials have been attaching wide attention in the field of optical information storage and encryption, while still facing the challenge of the realization of high luminescence dissymmetry factors (glum). This work presents a pair of stimuli‐responsive chiral co‐assemblies P7R3 and P7S3 by combining polymer PFIQ containing iso‐quinoline units with chiral inducers. The obtained chiral co‐assemblies can reversibly undergo significant modification in CPL behavior under trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) fumigation and annealing treatment, with the |glum| values exhibiting a reversible shift between 0.2 and 0.3. Moreover, the chiral co‐assemblies before TFA fumigating can effectively induce achiral emitters to generate intense full‐color CPL signals through CPL energy transfer (CPL‐ET), with the corresponding |glum| values larger than 0.2. Moreover, information encryption and decryption as well as a multi‐level logic gates application are achieved by leveraging the reversible stimuli‐responsive CPL activity of the chiral co‐assembly. This work provides a new perspective for the construction of stimuli‐responsive chiral luminescent materials with large |glum| values and the activation of CPL behavior in achiral emitters.
Electric‐Field Catalysis on Carbon Nanotubes in Electromicrofluidic Reactors: Monoterpene Cyclizations
Authors: Jozeliūnaitė Augustina , Guo Shen‐Yi , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe control over the movement of electrons during chemical reactions with oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) has been predicted to offer a general approach to catalysis. Recently, we suggested that many problems to realize electric‐field catalysis in practice under scalable bulk conditions could possibly be solved on multiwalled carbon nanotubes in electromicrofluidic reactors. Here, we selected monoterpene cyclizations to assess the scope of our system in organic synthesis. We report that electric‐field catalysis can function by stabilizing both anionic and cationic transition states, depending on the orientation of the applied field. Moreover, electric‐field catalysis can promote reactions which are barely accessible by general Brønsted and Lewis acids and field‐free anion‐π and cation‐π interactions, and drive chemoselectivity toward intrinsically disfavored products without the need for pyrene interfacers attached to the substrate to prolong binding to the carbon nanotubes. Finally, interfacing with chiral organocatalysts is explored and evidence against contributions from redox chemistry is provided.
Building Ultrastrong, Tough and Biodegradable Thermoplastic Elastomers from Multiblock Copolyesters Via a “Reserve‐Release” Crystallization Strategy
Authors: Miao Xiangyu , Han Rui , Tian Juan , Ma Yuanchi , Müller Alejandro J. , Li Zhibo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSimultaneously attaining high strength and toughness has been a significant challenge in designing thermoplastic elastomers, especially biodegradable ones. In this context, we present a class of biodegradable elastomers based on multiblock copolyesters that afford extraordinary strength, toughness, and low‐strain resilience despite expedient chemical synthesis and sample processing. With the incorporation of the semi‐crystalline soft block and the judicious selection of block periodicity, the thermoplastic materials feature low quiescent crystallinity (“reserve”) albeit with vast potential for strain‐induced crystallization (“release”), resulting in their significantly enhanced ultimate strength and energy‐dissipating capabilities. Moreover, a breadth of mechanical responses of the materials – from reinforced elastomers to shape‐memory materials to toughened thermoplastics – can be achieved by orthogonal variation of segment lengths and ratios. This work and the “reserve‐release” crystallization strategy herein highlight the double crystalline multiblock chain architecture as a potential avenue towards reconciling the strength‐toughness trade‐off in thermoplastic elastomers and can possibly be extended to other biodegradable building blocks to deliver functional materials with diverse mechanical performances.
Strontium Doped IrOx Triggers Direct O−O Coupling to Boost Acid Water Oxidation Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Wuyong , Zhu Caihan , Wen Yingjie , Wang Minli , Lu Zhiyi , Wang Yunan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe discovery of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic conditions is crucial for the commercialization of proton‐exchange membrane water electrolyzers. In this work, we propose a Sr(OH)2‐assisted method to fabricate a (200) facet highly exposed strontium‐doped IrOx catalyst to provide available adjacent iridium sites with lower Ir−O covalency. This design facilitates direct O−O coupling during the acidic water oxidation process, thereby circumventing the high energy barrier associated with the generation of *OOH intermediates. Benefiting from this advantage, the resulting Sr−IrOx catalyst exhibits an impressive overpotential of 207 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4. Furthermore, a PEMWE device utilizing Sr−IrOx as the anodic catalyst demonstrates a cell voltage of 1.72 V at 1 A cm−2 and maintains excellent stability for over 500 hours. Our work not only provides guidance for the design of improved acidic OER catalysts but also encourages the development of iridium‐based electrocatalysts with novel mechanisms for other electrocatalytic reactions.