Abstract 1343: DUOX1 silencing in lung cancer is associated with enhanced nuclear EGFR localization
Authors: Little Andrew C. , Danyal Karamathullah , Heppner David , Hristova Milena , Vliet Albert van der 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. The NADPH oxidase homolog, Dual Oxidase 1 (DUOX1), is an H2O2 producing enzyme located in the airway epithelium with key roles in mucosal host defense and wound repair mechanisms. Recent studies indicate that DUOX1 is epigenetically silenced in many forms of NSCLC via hypermethylation of its promoter. We previously demonstrated that DUOX1 silencing in lung cancer cells is closely associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhanced tumor invasiveness and metastasis. However, the mechanism(s) by which DUOX1 silencing promotes these outcomes are not understood. Previous findings indicate that DUOX1-dependent epithelial host defense pathways are mediated by redox-dependent activation of epithelial signaling via the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Src, and the receptor tyrosine kinase, EGFR. We therefore hypothesized that loss of DUOX1 in lung cancer may be associated with aberrant regulation of Src and/or EGFR, tyrosine kinases that are frequently overexpressed and activated in lung cancer and strongly contribute to tumor growth and survival. In fact, recent studies have indicated that nuclear localization of EGFR in cancer cells is associated with metastatic cell behavior and poor clinical outcome, and the nuclear EGFR localization depends on Src-dependent phosphorylation of EGFR at Y1101. We observed that overexpression of DUOX1 in alveolar lung cancer A549 cells, which possess EMT-like features and in which DUOX1 is normally silenced, results in redistribution Src to the plasma membrane and decreased nuclear accumulation. DUOX1 overexpression in A549 cells also suppressed EGF-stimulated nuclear translocation of EGFR, which was associated with reduced EGFR phosphorylation at Y1101. Conversely, RNAi-mediated silencing of DUOX1 in the epithelial cancer cell line H292, which normally expresses DUOX1 expression, was found to promote EGF-mediated EGFR nuclear translocation and Y1101 phosphorylation. Since nuclear EGFR is thought to enhance the transcription of target genes related to cell cycle progression and proliferation (e.g. CDK1, Myc, others), we evaluated gene expression of these target genes in our cell models. Indeed, in cells lacking DUOX1, EGF stimulation significantly enhanced mRNA levels of CDK1, Myc, and other target genes for nuclear EGFR, whereas no such induction was seen in cells that express DUOX1. Our findings indicate that DUOX1 silencing in lung cancer may be associated with worse prognosis, partly due to altered spatiotemporal regulation of EGFR and Src and increased nuclear targeting. Since both EGFR and Src are subject to redox regulation by cysteine oxidation, we are currently aiming to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which these mechanism are affected by altered DUOX1 status.
Citation Format: Andrew C. Little, Karamathullah Danyal, David Heppner, Milena Hristova, Albert van der Vliet. DUOX1 silencing in lung cancer is associated with enhanced nuclear EGFR localization [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1343. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1343