bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trophic position determines functional and phylogenetic recovery after disturbance within a community
Authors: Fountain‐Jones Nicholas M. , Jordan Gregory J. , Burridge Christopher P. , Wardlaw Timothy J. , Baker Thomas P. , Forster Lynette , Petersfield Morgana , Baker Susan C. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe roles that functional traits and/or evolutionary history of species from co‐occurring trophic groups have in determining community recovery following disturbance are poorly understood. Functional traits help determine how species interact with their environment, thus functional traits are likely to change with time since logging. However, traits of species may also be phylogenetically constrained depending on their evolutionary history. Because beetles are trophically diverse, the effects of phylogenetic and functional aspects of community recovery can be compared between co‐occurring trophic groups.Using a chronosequence of forest ages following logging, we applied a novel combination of functional trait and phylogenetic approaches to assess the extent to which taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic composition recovered after logging, and if these dimensions of composition approached those characteristic of mature forests, for both predators and decomposers/primary consumers. We also examined to what extent functional traits of both trophic groups were phylogenetically conserved.Predator functional composition had recovered ∼45 years after logging, and this recovery preceded taxonomic recovery. Neither taxonomic nor functional composition had recovered for the decomposer/primary consumer communities by this time.In contrast to decomposers/primary consumers, predator community recovery had no distinct phylogenetic signature, yet predator functional traits were more phylogenetically conserved than decomposers/primary consumer functional traits.Trait syndromes that characterise forest recovery stages are identified and provide a basis for future work on community re‐assembly following disturbance.We demonstrate differential recovery of co‐occurring beetle trophic groups following disturbance. We show that functional and phylogenetic composition may be disconnected from taxonomic composition; highlighting the advantages of integrating understanding of these three potentially independent components of ecological diversity to enable deeper understanding of animal community composition.
Root phenology unresponsive to earlier snowmelt despite advanced above‐ground phenology in two subarctic plant communities
Authors: Blume‐Werry Gesche , Jansson Roland , Milbau Ann 
Published: March 2017

Summary

Earlier snowmelt at high latitudes advances above‐ground plant phenology, thereby affecting water, nutrient and carbon cycles. Despite the key role of fine roots in these ecosystem processes, phenological responses to earlier snowmelt have never been assessed below‐ground.

We experimentally advanced snowmelt in two contrasting plant community types (heath and meadow) in northern Sweden and measured above‐ and below‐ground phenology (leaf‐out, flowering and fine root growth). We expected earlier snowmelt to advance both above‐ and below‐ground phenology, and shrub‐dominated heath to be more responsive than meadow.

Snow melted on average 9 days earlier in the manipulated plots than in controls, and soil temperatures were on average 0·9 °C higher during the snowmelt period of 3 weeks. This resulted in small advances in above‐ground phenology, but contrary to our expectations, root phenology was unresponsive, with root growth generally starting before leaf‐out. These responses to the snowmelt treatment were similar in both plant community types, despite strong differences in dominating plant functional types and root properties, such as root length and turnover.

The lack of a response in root phenology, despite warmer soil temperatures and above‐ground phenological advances, adds evidence that above‐ground plant responses might not be directly translated to below‐ground plant responses, and that our understanding of factors driving below‐ground phenology is still limited, although of major importance for water, nutrient and carbon cycling.
Treating, Fast and Slow: Americans’ Understanding of and Responses to Low‐Value Care
Authors: SCHLESINGER MARK , GROB RACHEL 
Published: March 2017

Policy Points:
Effectively addressing low‐value care calls for engaging the public, including the one‐third of Americans who currently cannot envision benefits from avoiding low‐value care.
Public awareness of and response to low‐value care can be enhanced through revised media messaging. These efforts are more effective if they emphasize health risks rather than the financial costs associated with unnecessary tests and treatments.
Long‐term robust public support for addressing low‐value care may require shifting the focus from particular tests and treatments to emphasize, instead, the potential for better communication and more personalized attention if clinicians spend more time talking and less time testing.
ContextAs much as 30% of US health care spending may be unnecessary. The Choosing Wisely campaign, now active in a dozen countries, addresses this problem in part through public education campaigns. This article explores Americans’ understanding of low‐value care in 2015, assesses the impact of media messaging, and tests alternative message framing.MethodsWe use a mixed‐methods design incorporating (1) 8 focus groups exploring Americans’ understanding of and language for low‐value care, (2) 48 intensive interviews with patients on their interactions with physicians regarding questions of cost and value, (3) a national survey of 920 respondents examining their awareness of low‐value care, and (4) a survey experiment with 785 participants, testing the impact of media messages on attitudes about low‐value care, treatment choices, and selection of a primary care clinician.FindingsOne‐third of Americans have difficulty envisioning benefits from avoiding low‐value care, a figure that increases to half for less educated and minority respondents. Most Americans who anticipate benefits hope that less testing and treatment will be replaced by more interactive and personalized care. Even without media priming, many Americans would avoid common forms of low‐value care like unnecessary antibiotics or excess imaging for lower back pain, but few favor clinicians who avoid these practices. Although the public's awareness and actions are increased and disparities are reduced by media messaging, conventional messages also exacerbate the blame placed on providers. Avoiding low‐value care is enhanced, blaming providers is reduced, and disparities are further diminished if messages put more emphasis on the health risks of these tests and treatments.ConclusionsThe public's awareness of low‐value care is incomplete, with substantial disparities related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Media messaging can help fill these gaps but, in the short run, would be enhanced by fine‐tuning how low‐value care is characterized. In the longer run, building robust public support for reducing low‐value care may require refocusing attention away from specific tests and treatments and toward the relational benefits for patients if clinicians spent less time on testing and more time on personalized care.
Capturing the ‘art’ of emergency medicine: Does film foster reflection in medical students?
Authors: Brand Gabrielle , Wise Steve , Siddiqui Zarrin S , Celenza Antonio , Fatovich Daniel M 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveIntegrating arts and humanities‐based pedagogy into curricula is of growing interest among medical educators, particularly how it promotes reflection and empathy. Our aim was to explore whether a 2.50 min film titled ‘The Art of the ED’ stimulated reflective learning processes in a group of first year medical students.MethodsThe film was shown prior to their first clinical placement in an ED. Student participation was voluntary and not assessable. Using an exploratory qualitative research approach, this study drew on data collected from students’ individual written reflections, exploring their perceptions towards clinical experience in an emergency medicine (EM) attachment.ResultsA total of 123 (51% of 240) students submitted a reflection. The qualitative data revealed three main themes: the opportunity for students to preview EM (‘While watching the film, I felt like I was the patient and the doctor all at once, in that I was living the experience both from within and as an observer …’); exposed the reality of ED; and fostered a growing awareness of the fragility of human life.ConclusionsThese findings highlight how visual methodologies (like film) create a safe, non‐threatening space to access, experience and process emotion around their perceptions towards EM, and to anticipate and emotionally prepare for their impending clinical experience in the ED. These data support the use of visual methodologies to foster reflective processes that assist medical students to integrate the ‘art’ of EM, and the development and commitment of core doctoring values of empathy, service and respect for patients.
Establishing a dedicated toxicology unit reduces length of stay of poisoned patients and saves hospital bed days
Authors: Isoardi Katherine Z , Armitage Melanie C , Harris Keith , Page Colin B 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates the effect on the average length of stay (LOS), relative stay index (RSI), bed days and costs saved following the establishment of a dedicated clinical toxicology unit in an Australian tertiary referral hospital.MethodsThis retrospective descriptive study uses Health Roundtable and other state and federal data to compare the average LOS, RSI, estimated bed days and costs saved by patients admitted with a diagnosis‐related group (DRG) of X62 (Poisoning/Toxic Effects of Drugs and Other Substances), over the 4 year period 2012–2015. This period corresponds to before and after the introduction of the clinical toxicology unit in February 2014 at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, a tertiary referral teaching hospital in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ResultsThere was a reduction in the average LOS and RSI from 2.1 days and 122% in 2012 to 0.9 days and 52% in 2015, respectively. This reduction correlates with a reduction in 1350 bed days and a saving of $2.25 million over the 2 year period 2014–2015 since the clinical toxicology unit was established.ConclusionThe reduction in average LOS is similar to results previously published by two Australian toxicology units over 15 years ago. Despite changes in healthcare delivery since this time, these results continue to support the efficiency and associated cost saving of a dedicated toxicology unit in managing poisoned patients.
Development of a Method for Evaluating Floor Dry‐Cleanability from Wheat Flour in the Food Industry
Authors: Barreca F. , Cardinali G.D. , Borgese E. , Russo M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMany productive processes are characterized by inadequate protocols of sanitation that increase the possibility of proliferation of microbial contaminants, especially on surfaces. The use of this method for evaluating the degree of floor cleanability in agri‐food companies is important not only to reduce the risk of contamination of products, but also to provide companies with a tool to identify critical issues. The method is based on the usage of bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA) in a solution at a 1:50 ratio of Cu2+/BCA, which is ideal for detecting the amount of proteins contained in wheat flour residues on industrial flooring. Spectrophotometric analysis allowed identifying maximum absorbance values at 562 nm for different protein concentrations, although the construction of a regression function led to the definition of the intervals of evaluation corresponding to different degrees of cleanliness from residues of wheat flour. The results of the absorbance curves, obtained by applying the proposed evaluation method to 6 tiles commonly used in agri‐food buildings, showed the clear persistence of food material on 2 tiles with surface relief. In particular, such tiles showed a higher presence of proteins, with a level of contamination 440% higher. Furthermore, a robotic system was designed to standardize the cleaning method commonly employed in agri‐food companies to remove solid particles from flooring.
Lexicon Development, Consumer Acceptance, and Drivers of Liking of Quinoa Varieties
Authors: Wu Geyang , Ross Carolyn F. , Morris Craig F. , Murphy Kevin M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractQuinoa is becoming increasingly popular, with an expanding number of commercially available varieties. To compare the sensory properties of these quinoa varieties, a common sensory lexicon needs to be developed. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a lexicon of cooked quinoa and examine consumer acceptance of diverse varieties. A trained panel (n = 9) developed aroma, taste/flavor, texture, and color descriptors to describe the sensory properties of 21 quinoa varieties. In addition, texture of the cooked quinoa was determined using a texture analyzer. Results indicated that the developed lexicon could distinguish among these quinoa varieties, showing significant differences in aromas, taste/flavors, and texture attributes. Specifically, quinoa variety effects were observed for the aromas of caramel, nutty, buttery, grassy, earthy, and woody; taste/flavor of sweet, bitter, grain‐like, nutty, earthy, and toasty; and firm, cohesive, pasty, adhesive, crunchy, chewy, astringent, and moist textures. Three varieties, “QQ74,” “Linares,” and “CO407D,” exhibited an adhesive texture that has not been described in other commercialized quinoa. Subsequent consumer evaluation (n = 100) on 6 selected samples found that the “Commercial Red” sample was the most accepted overall whereas the least accepted was the field variety “QQ74.” For all consumers, overall acceptance of quinoa was driven by higher intensities of grassy aroma, and firm and crunchy texture. Segmentation of the consumers into 4 groups was explored and showed that consumers varied in their acceptance of specific attributes, particularly texture. From the present study, the quinoa lexicon and key drivers of consumer acceptance can be utilized in the industry to evaluate quinoa varieties, product quality and processing procedures.
Particle Size of Milk Protein Concentrate Powder Affects the Texture of High‐Protein Nutrition Bars During Storage
Authors: Banach J.C. , Clark S. , Lamsal B.P 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMilk protein concentrate powder with 85% protein (MPC85) was jet‐milled to give 2 particle size distributions (that is, JM‐Coarse and JM‐Fine) or freeze‐dried (FD), in order to improve the functional properties of MPC85 for use in high‐protein nutrition (HPN) bars. Volume‐weighted mean diameter decreased from 86 μm to 49, 22, and 8 μm in FD, JM‐Coarse, and JM‐Fine, respectively (P < 0.05). The MPC85 powders modified by jet‐milling and freeze‐drying were significantly denser than the control MPC85 (P < 0.05). Volume of occluded air in the modified powders decreased (P < 0.05) by an order of magnitude, yet only FD possessed a lower volume of interstitial air (P < 0.05). Particle size reduction and freeze‐drying MPC85 decreased its water holding capacity and improved its dispersibility by at least 20%. Contact angle measurements showed that these modifications increased initial hydrophobicity and did not improve wettability. HPN bars made from JM‐Fine or FD were firmer by 40 or 17 N, respectively, than the control on day 0 (P < 0.05). HPN bar maximum compressive force increased by 38%, 33%, and 242% after 42 d at 32 °C when formulated with JM‐Fine, FD, or control MPC85, respectively. HPN bars prepared with JM‐Fine were less crumbly than those formulated with control or FD MPC85. Physically altering the particle structure of MPC85 improved its ability to plasticize within HPN bars and this improved their cohesiveness and textural stability.
Prognositc significance of SUVmax on pretreatment 18F‐FDG PET/CT in early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Dong Min , Liu Jing , Sun Xiaorong , Xing Ligang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe prognostic importance of the 18F‐FDG PET maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) for early stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is not well defined. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of SUVmax on pretreatment 18F‐FDG PET imaging to predict prognosis after SBRT.MethodsAll published English‐language studies that assessed the treatment response after SBRT in patients with early‐stage NSCLC using 18F‐FDG PET were collected from the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases. All the included studies were published between January 2000 and June 2015 and limited to NSCLC, PET/CT, SBRT, and the impact of SUVmax on survival. The necessary data for the calculation of individual hazard ratios (HRs) were extracted from each publication. All the results were independently verified and examined by two reviewers to ensure accuracy.ResultsAfter evaluating the original articles, 11 retrospective studies (1008 patients) were included into the meta‐analysis. Data were available in 11 studies for pre‐SBRT primary tumour SUVmax. Seven studies (798 patients) were included for the overall survival (OS) analysis with a combined HR of 1.10 (95% CI, 1.05–1.15). Five studies (487 patients) were included for the local control analysis with a combined HR of 1.13 (95% CI, 1.06–1.21). Three studies (365 patients) were analysed for distant metastasis with a combined HR of 1.09 (95% CI, 1.03–1.16).ConclusionPatients with high levels of pre‐SBRT SUVmax had poorer overall survival and local control and higher distant metastases. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm the prognostic value of FDG uptake in early‐stage NSCLC patients receiving SBRT.
Safety and efficacy of microwave ablation for medically inoperable colorectal pulmonary metastases: Single‐centre experience
Authors: Ferguson Craig D , Luis Chris R , Steinke Karin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) for colorectal pulmonary metastases.MethodsRetrospective review of CT‐guided lung MWA at a single tertiary institution. Adverse events within 30 days of MWA were considered procedure‐related complications. Imaging follow‐up was with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and contrast‐enhanced CT. Response of index tumours was assessed using modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (mRECIST).ResultsThe CT‐guided lung MWA was performed in 14 patients with treatment of 20 colorectal pulmonary metastases during 19 procedures. Mean follow‐up from completion of the treatment protocol was 24.4 ± 11.8 months. Primary and secondary technique effectiveness rates were 75% and 50% respectively. Mean pre‐ and post‐procedural carcino‐embryonic antigen (CEA) levels were 7.9 ± 10.8 µg/L and 2.5 ± 2.1 µg/L respectively. Procedure‐related complications were major in three procedures (15.8%) and minor in six procedures (31.6%). No procedure‐related deaths occurred.ConclusionMicrowave ablation is safe and efficacious in the local control of colorectal pulmonary metastases. The frequent systemic disease progression despite local control would favour a minimally invasive treatment option over invasive surgery in the setting of oligometastatic disease.
Collaborative Resource Solutions
Authors: Johnstone Nathalie , Bruni‐Bossio Vince 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCollaborative Resources Solutions (CRS) is based on a real situation outlining the issues related to buying a service organization. This instructional case requires students to provide advice to a client who is considering purchasing a 50 percent ownership of a similar consulting business with the vision of blending the two companies together and increasing the knowledge base of her current company; therefore improving the ability to target more to clients. The case requires the students to evaluate the strategic, valuation, and financial issues in considering the acquisition of the existing business. In order to do so, students are required to analyze the financial information provided, both historical and forecasted, as well as analyzing key internal operations issues that may impact the future success of the business. This case is suitable for use in upper‐level undergraduate business strategy courses and accounting courses, as well as in master‐level accounting courses. Assessment rubrics and teaching notes accompany the case for use by instructors.
Multiple cutaneous leiomyomas leading to discovery of novel splice mutation in the fumarate hydratase gene associated with HLRCC
Authors: Tan Rachel Yi Ping , Walsh Maie , Howard Anne , Winship Ingrid 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a rare autosomal dominant condition, which manifests as cutaneous leiomyomas (CL), uterine fibroids and renal cell cancer (RCC). We describe the case of a 53‐year‐old woman who presented with multiple CL with a novel heterozygous canonical splice site mutation in intron 9 of the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene IVS 9–1 G>C (NM_000143.3:c 1391–1 G>C) that was not detected on initial screening of a mutation hotspot but was picked up on sequencing the remaining exons and splice site junctions. This report highlights the importance of clinical suspicion in the diagnosis of HLRCC in the absence of a family or personal history of cancer and despite initial genetic testing being negative.
The efficacy of Australian essential oils for the treatment of head lice infestation in children: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Greive Kerryn A , Barnes Tanya M 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe increase in resistance of head lice to neurotoxic pediculicides and public concern over their safety has led to an increase in alternative treatments, many of which are poorly researched or even untested.MethodsA multicentre, randomised, assessor‐blind, parallel‐group trial (Trial 1) was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of a head lice treatment containing Australian eucalyptus oil and Leptospermum petersonii (EO/LP solution; applied thrice with 7‐day intervals between applications) with a neurotoxic treatment containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide (P/PB mousse; applied twice with a 7‐day interval) in children. A single‐blind, open trial (Trial 2) was conducted to assess the efficacy of EO/LP solution following a single application. In addition, skin irritancy and sensitisation tests using EO/LP solution were performed in adults and children. In vitro tests were performed to further assess the ovicidal and pediculicidal efficacy of EO/LP solution.ResultsEO/LP solution was found to be more than twice as effective in curing head lice infestation as P/PB mousse in per‐protocol participants (Trial 1; 83% vs 36%, P < 0.0001), and was also found to be 100% pediculicidal following a single application (Trial 2). Adverse events were limited to transient itching, burning or stinging. Further skin testing with the EO/LP solution reported no irritation or sensitisation in adults, or irritation in children. In vitro exposure of lice and eggs to the EO/LP solution resulted in 100% mortality.ConclusionThe efficacy, safety and relative ease of use of the EO/LP solution make it a viable alternative in treating head lice.