bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty Management in the Development of MOT Reservoir, X Field, Niger Delta
Authors: Makinde Oluwasegun , Aderibigbe Olatubosun , Smart Osarenogowu , Sonde Adenike , Nwabudike Udoka 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
MOT reservoir has a unique case of uncertainties as a result of data paucity being in a field where no production has occurred, and there is need to reduce the uncertainties associated with the key evaluation parameters required for making investment decisions. This paper presents how a multidisciplinary team resource was leveraged on in managing the identified uncertainties to deliver a robust development plan for the reservoir of interest.
The approach deployed emphasize on integration and collaborative interpretations from the constituting disciplines in the study team. Early focus was placed on uncertainty identification, quantification and management. Iterative efforts were necessary to achieve consistency of results and preservation of physical meaning as the study moves from one domain to another. A consistent framework for quantifying the respective impacts of the identified uncertainties was developed, and realizations were constrained by the most impacting parameters to generate a probable representation of the subsurface. Subsurface development concepts were tested and suitably selected to optimize recovery using the base case realization as a control, and preliminary economic evaluations were also performed to determine the project robustness to risk and the magnitude of the investment.
The experience from this work provides a reliable approach to handling the development of a green field reservoir with limited data availability. An approach to overcoming several limitations on how to predict a fit-for-purpose PVT-table, developing a representative SHM were also presented, and the success obtained further emphasize the advantage of integration in a multidisciplinary team. The results showed that the high impacting uncertainties were structure, fluid contacts, and relative permeability, and the identified uncertainties were managed by building realizations to adequately capture the possible outcomes, and the preliminary project economic evaluations suggests that the project would be viable even for the Low-Case outcomes, hence adding value to the company portfolio.
Analysis of Pressure Response to Variable Rate Imputs
Authors: Adewale Adeniji 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Mathematical models are used to relate pressure response (output) to flow rate history (input). The solution may not be unique due to the fact that different models can give same response to different input function. However, this drawback can be minimized by careful well test design in such a way that the measured responses are superposition of series of impulses. This research work presents an investigation on an approach to pressure transient response to variable rate change of production.
It is hinged on the view that a diffusion process is a process of equalization than differentiation. The objective is with installation of bottom hole pressure gauges, and belief that rapidly acquired data critical for future reservoir management are available for interference testing during field start-up. Vital concerns over reservoir continuity were answered immediately, allowing the operators to implement fast-track plans for pressure maintenance to optimize oil recovery.
Consequently, with the increasing number of permanent gauge installations, interference testing becomes more cost efficient than conventional methods, and inverse problem is solved with unique solution. Further, there is improved measure of knowledge on reservoir continuity, drive mechanism and recoverable reserved
A Generalized Functional Model for Predicting Hydrocarbon Shrinkage Factors
Authors: Ogwo Obike Umeha , Mbeledogu Ikechukwu Uduezue 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Hydrocarbon shrinkage factor is one of the essential parameters required in the inventory of produced hydrocarbons at operating conditions of temperature and pressure different from standard conditions. When shrinkage factor is ignored, the well would be overproduced with the attendant consequence of water coning and/ or gas cusping. Laboratory determination of shrinkage factors is rigorous, expensive and time consuming. Since hydrocarbon inventory is a daily affair, it is usually desired that shrinkage factors be obtained analytically based on system operating conditions instead of from laboratory experiments. This work has investigated the dependence of shrinkage factors on operating conditions that are readily measured in the industry. Available data has confirmed that hydrocarbon shrinkage factor is a function of fluid gravity, operating pressure and temperature. This paper presents the experimental data and the functional model generated therefrom, the model of which would be employed in determining hydrocarbon shrinkage factors without recourse to extensive laboratory analysis.
Evaluation of Flow Enhanced Preferential Weld Corrosion of X65 Pipeline Steel Using a Novel Submerged Impingement Jet
Authors: Adegbite Michael A. , Robinson Michael J. , Impey Sue A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Preferential weld corrosion (PWC) remains a major operational challenge that jeopardizes the integrity of oil and gas carbon steel pipelines. Corrosion inhibition is conventionally used to mitigate this problem however several indications suggest that some corrosion inhibitors may increase PWC. This work therefore, seeks to assess the suitability of a novel submerged jet impingement technique for the study of flow enhanced preferential weld corrosion and inhibitor evaluation in a typical offshore production system.
A novel jet-impingement target was constructed from samples of parent material, heat affected zone and weld metal, and subjected to flowing brine at velocities up to 10 ms-1, to give a range of hydrodynamic conditions from stagnation to high turbulence. The submerged jet-impingement flow loop was used to investigate corrosion control of X65 steel weldment in flowing brine, saturated with carbon dioxide at 1 bar, and containing a typical oilfield corrosion inhibitor. Galvanic currents between the electrodes in each hydrodynamic zone were recorded using zero-resistance ammeters and their self-corrosion rates were measured using the linear polarisation technique. At low flow rates, the galvanic currents were small and in some cases the weld metal and heat affected zone were partially protected by the sacrificial corrosion of the parent material. However, at higher flow rates the galvanic currents increased but some current reversals were observed, leading to accelerated corrosion of the weld region. The results are explained in terms of the selective removal of the inhibitor film from different regions of the weldment at high flow rates and the corrosion mechanism in the presence of oxygen is discussed.
Qualitative Analysis of Drill String Torsional Vibration Preventive Measures: Present Status and Future Possible Solution
Authors: Asgharzadeh Arash , Bello Opeyemi , Perozo Baptista Nelson Rafael , Paz Carvajal Carlos Andres , Berdasco Javier Holzmann , Oppelt Joachim 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The integrity of drill string while drilling especially under dynamic conditions plays a very crucial role in efficiency; reaching the target (pay zone) and even economical aspects. Considering the dynamics of drill string one would immediately think of vibrations; particularly torsional vibrations, posed on drill string. In worst cases the phenomenon of stick/slip occurs, in which the bit comes to a full stop and then accelerates uncontrollably. The non-uniform acceleration and deceleration of RPM continues to exist during drilling operation with possible catastrophic consequences. Bringing the bit off the bottom and adjusting the RPM are the conventional approaches which are performed on the surface.
This paper reviews and analyzes the present solution approach as related to drill string torsional prevention measures. Furthermore, a proactive solution would be proposed in contrary to the existing methods to prevent the occurrence of torsional vibration in both vertical and directional wells drilled with top-drive system, which will be performed downhole.
By rotating the drill string at top, it stores energy along itself. At a particular point in time drill string accelerates and rotates in an uncontrollable manner due to act of friction and spiral spring behavior of the drill string. During this process the stored potential energy in drill string is converted to kinetic energy.
The proposed approach entails the use of hydraulic power to prevent storing the potential energy along the drill string. That is, if there is an acceptable maximum level of stored potential energy, conversion into kinetic energy will not happen. By this means, the torsional vibrations are highly mitigated if not eliminated completely.
The proactive solution seeks prevention of a phenomenon (torsional vibrations) which can lead to calamities if not contained. However, efficient drilling and ROP are chief goals of drilling engineers. Also this proactive solution will be done down the hole not on the surface. Hence, more efficient drilling is sought by preventing one of most disastrous incidents.
Torsional and Lateral Vibrations of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact PDC Bits in Directional Drilling
Authors: Emudiaga Odesa David , Dosunmu Adewale , Victor Ossia C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Drillstring vibration has adverse effect on rate of penetration, causes equipment failure and increase in non productive time (NPT). In carrying out this research work on torsional and lateral vibrations of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bits in directional drilling, harmonic and modal finite element analyses were adopted for the obvious advantage that it is able to approximate the real structure with a finite number of degrees of freedom. The effect of weight on bit on rate of penetration, resonance, damping effect of drilling mud and friction between drillstring and the wellbore were analyzed. In the cause of the analysis, different critical load, critical speed for the finite element of the drillstring and the BHA and saturation points were developed for the different components of the drillstring from the Euler model to determine the crippling loads that will cause each component to buckle and propagate lateral and torsional vibration. The effect of angle inclination was also considered in the design of the vibration analysis model for directional wells application. A new concept, managing WOB while drilling was also advanced to avoid reaching the founder's point in real time drilling operation. The deductions and findings resulted in the development of a computer model, vibraCOM which detects, analyses and mitigates torsional and lateral drillstring vibrations realtime for practical applications. The results shows that it is better to drill below the critical speed of the finite elements of the drillstring and BHA to avoid resonance and to ensure the axial forces acting on the BHA is below the critical load.
Dieterlen, Paulette: <i>Justicia distributiva y salud</i>. México: FCE, 2015, 201 pp.
Authors: Vela Valeria López 
Published: July 2016

Justicia distributiva y salud analiza las teorías de la distribución de la salud que siguen, rechazan o reinterpretan la Teoría de la Justicia (1971) de John Rawls con el fin de repensar las condiciones, limitantes y posibilidades del sistema de salud mexicano.
Evaluation of physical fitness of elderly women, residents of houses of social services
Authors: Kaczorowska Antonina , Ignasiak Zofia , Katan Aleksandra 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAim of the study: The aim of the paper is evaluation of chosen parameters of physical fitness of elderly women residing in houses of social services with different standards of living.Material and methods: The research was conducted on 124 women, residents of houses of social services, aged 60-89. Women included in the survey were divided into two groups according to their age: a younger group, 60-74 years old, and an older group, 75-89. Among houses of social services two kinds were distinguished: the first one - model houses with higher standard in which there is motor rehabilitation and occupational therapy, stimulating their residents, and the second kind - average houses in which rehabilitation and occupational therapy is given to a lesser degree and among lower number of residents. To evaluate physical fitness the Senior Test - Fullerton Functional Fitness Test was used. This test is designed to evaluate functional efficiency of elderly people.Results: As a result of the survey it has been stated that residents of model houses, leading an active life, have better results in the fitness test than women from average houses.Conclusions: Physical activity has a positive influence on a level of physical fitness and increases self-reliance of residents in performing everyday activities.
Application of the NDT-Bobath approach in pediatric rehabilitation
Authors: Wysoczańska Emilia , Skrzek Anna , Pyzio-Kowalik Magdalena 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to present a range of possible applications of the NDT-Bobath approach in pediatric rehabilitation. A group of children undergoing a therapeutic procedures in the “Promyk Słońca” Foundation in Wrocław, Poland were selected. The study was based on the analysis of the data abstracted from the patient medical records. The parameters which were analyzed included: a diagnosed underlying disease, functional disorders, date and mode of delivery, the occurrence of perinatal complications or fetal development, the Apgar score, and birth weight. The study found that the NDT-Bobath approach constitutes a comprehensive therapeutic method that may be applied regardless of the child’s age (both infants and older children) and the underlying disease. Moreover, concomitant diseases and symptoms as well as the risk group affiliation (eventful perinatal medical history) have been recognized as common clinical indications for the application of the NDT-Bobath approach.
Rehabilitation of people with haemophilia. Part II – Surgical treatment and rehabilitation procedure guidelines
Authors: Jaszczur-Janus Izabela , Janus Andrzej , Wrzosek Zdzisława , Kuliszkiewicz-Janus Małgorzata 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the first article of the series about the rehabilitation of haemophilic patients, the issues related to the aetiology of the disease, its clinical picture, changes in locomotor system, and substitution therapy have been discussed. In this paper the authors present the orthopaedic treatment methods and the guidelines for rehabilitation procedures after intraarticular and intramuscular haemorrhages. They also describe the physical examination and medical interview of a patient with plasmatic diathesis. Also, they point out the specificities of therapeutic procedure which has to take into account not only the changes in locomotor system but also haemostatic abnormalities and substitution therapy. The authors have divided the rehabilitation process into three phases, depending on the patient’s clinical status.
Assessment of the impact of dynamic orthosis “Dunag 02” on muscles of the lower limbs during gait in children with hypotonia and ataxia
Authors: Małachowska-Sobieska Monika , Demczuk-Włodarczyk Ewa , Wronecki Krzysztof , Skolimowski Tadeusz , Kwiatkowski Robert , Skolimowska Beata , Staniszewski Łukasz 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn addition to the standard methods used to form the correct postural and locomotional patterns in children with neurological deficits, there are many methods to support the improvement. One of them is use of the dynamic orthosis “Dunag 02”. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the dynamic orthotic “Dunag 02” on muscles of lower limbs in children with hypotonia and ataxic gait. The study involved two girls: 5-year-old with hypotonia and ataxia and a 15-year-old with a cerebellar syndrome. Evaluation of performance of the dynamic orthosis “Dunag 02” was based on “global” electromyography (EMG). In case of the 5-year-old girl with hypotonia and ataxia, use of the dynamic orthosis “Dunag 02” had a moderate effect on ataxia and allowed for greater postural stability, and in 15-year-old girl with cerebellar syndrome, activity and functions were improved.
Newest concepts of physiotherapy research
Authors: Wysoczańska Emilia , Skrzek Anna 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe subject of the paper is the variety of newest research concepts in the field of physical therapy. The research, which is being conducted worldwide, deals with different issues. Researchers speculate that using stem cells may have considerable significance in treating patients with spinal cord injuries. Another subject of great interest includes studies on spinal cord neuroprosthetics and epidural stimulation. The results show the importance of the newest findings. Moreover, researchers are analysing e.g. the use of cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis treatment or the role of yoga in treating back pain. The results show the diversity of physiotherapy as a field of study.
Optimization of the care model for elderly in Poland
Authors: Lwow Felicja , Korzeniowska Małgorzata , Dadacz Joanna , Hladik Ewa , Łukojko Agata , Denkowska Anna 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe demographic situation of Poland as well as other developed countries shows a growing number of people at retirement age. According to the data from GUS (Central Statistical Office), their number reached 6.5 mln in Poland in 2011, and the prognosis for shows 8,3 mln by the year 2035. The consequence of this fact is a necessity of including the specificity of this age group in the functioning of Polish health care as well as in preventive medicine and health promotion. Unifying the health needs of this age group would be disadvantageous due to the diversification of physical efficiency level in the psychosomatic and social aspect. Nevertheless, the key problem is to distinguish the optimal health care models which include not only chronic conditions and dysfunctions but also the quality of life and socially independent life style that guarantee the lack of isolation and social exclusion. Distinguishing the four action models, namely people considered as healthy by the system, autonomously functioning people with chronic conditions, and people who need other people or institutional care to function in a society, seems to cover the individual needs of this group. Concluding, the National Health Care needs to work out some proceeding algorithms for these models. The optimal program adjustment for the needs of the target group would most certainly improve the effectiveness of the Health Care.
Level of physical activity in intellectually disabled adults
Authors: Celebańska Diana , Gawlik Krystyna 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroduction: Physical activity is one of the basic components of lifestyle. However, due to the technological developments the level of physical activity in modern society is decreasing. Such a phenomenon is also present among people with intellectual disability, who lead even more sedentary lifestyles. Physical activity and well-balanced diet play a key role in a healthy lifestyle and prevention of civilization diseases.Aim of the study: To assess the level of physical activity among adult people with intellectual disability.Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 69 adults with varying levels of intellectual disability, 27 females and 42 males, aged 21 to 54 years. The participants monitored their number of steps for 7 consecutive days with a pedometer. The results were analyzed according to gender, age, the level of intellectual disability, and BMI.Results: Adults with intellectual disability seem to be insufficiently active. Only 16% of participants exceeded the recommended amount of 10,000 steps, and the average for the whole group was 6,656 steps per day. No significant correlation was found between the level of physical activity and the level of intellectual disability, gender, age, or BMI.
A NEW POPULATION OF COMPTON-THICK AGNs IDENTIFIED USING THE SPECTRAL CURVATURE ABOVE 10 keV
Authors: Koss Michael J. , Assef R. , Baloković M. , Stern D. , Gandhi P. , Lamperti I. , Alexander D. M. , Ballantyne D. R. , Bauer F. E. , Berney S. , Brandt W. N. , Comastri A. , Gehrels N. , Harrison F. A. , Lansbury G. , Markwardt C. , Ricci C. , Rivers E. , Schawinski K. , Trakhtenbrot B. , Treister E. , Urry C. Megan 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a new metric that uses the spectral curvature (SC) above 10 keV to identify Compton-thick active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in low-quality Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) X-ray data. Using NuSTAR, we observe nine high SC-selected AGNs. We find that high-sensitivity spectra show that the majority are Compton-thick (78% or 7/9) and the remaining two are nearly Compton-thick (N
H ≃ (5–8) × 1023 cm−2 ). We find that the SC
BAT
and SC
NuSTAR
measurements are consistent, suggesting that this technique can be applied to future telescopes. We tested the SC method on well-known Compton-thick AGNs and found that it is much more effective than broadband ratios (e.g., 100% using SC versus 20% using 8–24 keV/3–8 keV). Our results suggest that using the >10 keV emission may be the only way to identify this population since only two sources show Compton-thick levels of excess in the Balmer decrement corrected [O iii] to observed X-ray emission ratio (

) and WISE colors do not identify most of them as AGNs. Based on this small sample, we find that a higher fraction of these AGNs are in the final merger stage (<10 kpc) than typical BAT AGNs. Additionally, these nine obscured AGNs have, on average, ≈4× higher accretion rates than other BAT-detected AGNs (

compared to

). The robustness of SC at identifying Compton-thick AGNs implies that a higher fraction of nearby AGNs may be Compton-thick (≈22%) and the sum of black hole growth in Compton-thick AGNs (Eddington ratio times population percentage) is nearly as large as mildly obscured and unobscured AGNs.
THE STAR FORMATION RATE EFFICIENCY OF NEUTRAL ATOMIC-DOMINATED HYDROGEN GAS IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF STAR-FORMING GALAXIES FROM z ∼ 1 TO z ∼ 3
Authors: Rafelski Marc , Gardner Jonathan P. , Fumagalli Michele , Neeleman Marcel , Teplitz Harry I. , Grogin Norman , Koekemoer Anton M. , Scarlata Claudia 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Current observational evidence suggests that the star formation rate (SFR) efficiency of neutral atomic hydrogen gas measured in damped Lyα systems (DLAs) at

is more than 10 times lower than predicted by the Kennicutt–Schmidt (KS) relation. To understand the origin of this deficit, and to investigate possible evolution with redshift and galaxy properties, we measure the SFR efficiency of atomic gas at

1,

2, and

around star-forming galaxies. We use new robust photometric redshifts in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field to create galaxy stacks in these three redshift bins, and measure the SFR efficiency by combining DLA absorber statistics with the observed rest-frame UV emission in the galaxies’ outskirts. We find that the SFR efficiency of H i gas at

is ∼1%–3% of that predicted by the KS relation. Contrary to simulations and models that predict a reduced SFR efficiency with decreasing metallicity and thus with increasing redshift, we find no significant evolution in the SFR efficiency with redshift. Our analysis instead suggests that the reduced SFR efficiency is driven by the low molecular content of this atomic-dominated phase, with metallicity playing a secondary effect in regulating the conversion between atomic and molecular gas. This interpretation is supported by the similarity between the observed SFR efficiency and that observed in local atomic-dominated gas, such as in the outskirts of local spiral galaxies and local dwarf galaxies.