bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Stability of Stated Preferences: The Case of Junior Nursing Jobs
Authors: Doiron Denise , Yoo Hong Il 
Published: April 2016

SummaryWith the growing use of discrete choice experiments (DCEs) in health workforce research, the reliability of elicited job preferences is a growing concern. We provide the first empirical evidence on the temporal stability of such preferences using a unique longitudinal survey of Australian nursing students and graduate nurses. The respondents completed DCEs on nursing positions in two survey waves. Each position is described by salary and 11 non‐salary attributes, and the two waves are spaced 15months apart on average. Between the waves, most final‐year students finished their degrees and started out as graduate nurses. Thus, the survey covers a long timespan that includes an important period of career transition. The relative importance of different job attributes appears stable enough to support the use of DCEs to identify key areas of policy intervention. There is virtually no change in the groupings of influential job characteristics. Conclusions regarding the stability of willingness‐to‐pay, however, are different because of unstable preferences for salary. The instability of preferences for salary was also found previously in the context of comparing alternative elicitation methods. This prompts us to push for further work on the reliability of stated preferences over monetary attributes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative measurement of global crosstalk for 3D display
Authors: Fan Hang , Wang Xiaolu , Liang Shaosen , Li Kunyang , Jian Ruiqing , Zhou Yangui , Wang Jiahui , Zhou Jianying 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA photo‐detecting system based on photo‐detector with calibrated optical response is developed to characterize the global crosstalk of three‐dimensional (3D) displays over the entire display screen. Local screens areas are investigated, revealing that the crosstalk can be very inhomogeneous over the entire screens for typical stereoscopic display and autostereoscopic display. New quantification parameters for crosstalk, including average crosstalk and crosstalk uniformity, are introduced to give a panorama view of the display system. The crosstalk measurement and characterization method not only show good agreement with the practical visual experience, but also give a global quantitative description of crosstalk.
Impact of a mentored student clerkship on underrepresented minority diversity in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery
Authors: Nellis Jason C. , Eisele David W. , Francis Howard W. , Hillel Alexander T. , Lin Sandra Y. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe the impact of a mentored clerkship initiative on underrepresented minority medical students interested in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS).Study DesignProspective observational study.MethodsAn outreach effort to recruit underrepresented minority students was initiated in 2008, consisting of either a 3‐month research clerkship or a 1‐month clinical rotation. Financial assistance and faculty mentorship was provided for students. Upon conclusion of the clerkship, students completed a post‐clerkship evaluation form. Students were followed regarding residency applications, match status, and publications. Evaluations were compiled and analyzed. The number of publications resulting from interaction with faculty mentors was calculated.ResultsFifteen students participated in the clerkship from 11 medical schools. Of those, 10 students participated in the clinical clerkship, four in the research clerkship, and one in both clerkships. Evaluation (5‐point Likert scale) average scores and comments revealed high student satisfaction with the rotations (4.85), provided individual mentorship (4.85), and provided exposure to academic medicine (4.92). Participants indicated the rotation favorably impacted their decision to apply for OHNS residency training and increased their interest in academic medicine. The participants had an average number of 1.7 publications, with 1.18 publications in OHNS journals. Six publications resulted from direct interaction between students and faculty during the clerkship. Seven students applied for OHNS residency programs, and six matched successfully.ConclusionMentored clerkships for underrepresented minority medical students increases interest in applying to OHNS residency training programs and is a successful approach to increasing physician diversity. It provides a pathway to expand research opportunities and increase student interest in academic medicine.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:2684–2688, 2016
In Vivo Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Embedded in an Injectable In Vivo‐Forming Hydrogel
Authors: Jang Ja Yong , Park Seung Hun , Park Ji Hoon , Lee Bo Keun , Yun Jeong‐Ho , Lee Bong , Kim Jae Ho , Min Byoung Hyun , Kim Moon Suk 
Published: April 2016

In this study, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are examined as a cellular source for bone tissue engineering using an in vivo‐forming hydrogel. The hDPSCs are easily harvested in large quantities from extracted teeth. The stemness of harvested hDPSCs indicates their relative tolerance to ex vivo manipulation in culture. The in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs is characterized using Alizarin Red S (ARS), von Kossa (VK), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. The solution of hDPSCs and a methoxy polyethylene glycol‐polycaprolactone block copolymer (PC) is easily prepared by simple mixing at room temperature and in no more than 10 s it forms in vivo hydrogels after subcutaneous injection into rats. In vivo osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs in the in vivo‐forming hydrogel is confirmed by micro‐computed tomography (CT), histological staining, and gene expression. Micro‐CT analysis shows evidence of significant tissue‐engineered bone formation in hDPSCs‐loaded hydrogel in the presence of osteogenic factors. Differentiated osteoblasts in in vivo‐forming hydrogel are identified by ARS and VK staining and are found to exhibit characteristic expression of genes like osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin. In conclusion, hDPSCs embedded in an in vivo‐forming hydrogel may provide benefits as a noninvasive formulation for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Analytical study of the accuracy of discrete element simulations
Authors: J. Hanley Kevin , O'Sullivan Catherine 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe numerical errors was used to verify the correctness of key results. The truncation errors, which are larger than the round‐off errors by orders of magnitude, have a superlinear relationship with both the simulation time‐step and the interparticle collision speed. This remains the case regardless of the simulation details including the chosen contact model, particle size distribution, particle density or stiffness. Hence, the total errors can usually be reduced by choosing a smaller time‐step. Increasing the polydispersity in a simulation by including smaller particles necessitates choosing a smaller time‐step to maintain simulation stability and reduces the truncation errors in most cases. The truncation errors are increased by the dissipation of energy by frictional sliding or by the inclusion of damping in the system. The number of contacts affects the accuracy, and one can deduce that because 2D simulations contain fewer interparticle contacts than the equivalent 3D simulations, they therefore have lower accrued simulation errors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent developments in polymer applications of synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Sakurai Shinichi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSynchrotron radiation facilities have been established and become very familiar in the polymer community not only from academic but also industrial viewpoints. It is not so unusual now to conduct simultaneous measurements of small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) with other techniques such as wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, stress–strain, light scattering, and so forth. New techniques have also been established and have become more familiar in recent years. In this review, recent developments in polymer applications of synchrotron SAXS are summarized. Instrumental developments and progress in data analyses are reviewed from the following aspects: ultra‐small‐angle X‐ray scattering, anomalous SAXS, X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy, new types of simultaneous measurements, grazing‐incidence SAXS, new trends in nanoparticle analyses and industrial applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Functionally integrated liquid crystalline photochromic triple block copolymer with locally light‐ and thermal‐controllable sub‐blocks
Authors: Bugakov Miron , Boiko Natalia , Shibaev Valery 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPhotoorientation and reorientation processes induced by illumination of the samples with oppositely directed polarized light and by the thermal treatment were studied for the films of triblock copolymer pAzo10‐b‐pPhM80‐b‐pAzo10 consisting of a nematic phenyl benzoate сentral sub‐block (PhM, DP = 80) with two terminal smectic azobenzene sub‐blocks (Azo, DP = 10). For amorphized films of triblock copolymer, illumination with polarized light (λ = 546 nm) is shown to be by orientation of only Azo‐containing groups, but upon following annealing of the film, PhM groups are adjusted to the orientation of Azo fragments. It was found, that the subsequent illumination of the block copolymer sample with oppositely directed polarized light changes the orientation of azobenzene groups, while the orientation of phenyl benzoate groups is remained unchanged. Thus, the cyclic illumination of the triblock copolymer samples by the linear polarized light and subsequent thermal treatment make it possible to control and fix orientation of azobenzene and phenyl benzoate groups located in different sub‐blocks in the desired and independent manner. The comparison of these results with the data on random p(Azo7‐ran‐PhM30) copolymer of the similar composition revealed, that in the random copolymer, both Azo and PhM mesogenic groups are involved in the orientational cooperative process regardless of films process treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1602–1611
Consistently faster and smaller compressed bitmaps with Roaring
Authors: Lemire Daniel , Ssi‐Yan‐Kai Gregory , Kaser Owen 
Published: April 2016

SummaryCompressed bitmap indexes are used in databases and search engines. Many bitmap compression techniques have been proposed, almost all relying primarily on run‐length encoding (RLE). However, on unsorted data, we can get superior performance with a hybrid compression technique that uses both uncompressed bitmaps and packed arrays inside a two‐level tree. An instance of this technique, Roaring, has recently been proposed. Due to its good performance, it has been adopted by several production platforms (e.g., Apache Lucene, Apache Spark, Apache Kylin, and Druid). Yet there are cases where run‐length‐encoded bitmaps are smaller than the original Roaring bitmaps—typically when the data are sorted so that the bitmaps contain long compressible runs. To better handle these cases, we build a new Roaring hybrid that combines uncompressed bitmaps, packed arrays, and RLE‐compressed segments. The result is a new Roaring format that compresses better. Overall, our new implementation of Roaring can be several times faster (up to two orders of magnitude) than the implementations of traditional RLE‐based alternatives (WAH, Concise, and EWAH) while compressing better. We review the design choices and optimizations that make these good results possible. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brief Report: The Deletion of the Phosphatase Regulator NIPP1 Causes Progenitor Cell Expansion in the Adult Liver
Authors: Boens Shannah , Verbinnen Iris , Verhulst Stefaan , Szekér Kathelijne , Ferreira Monica , Gevaert Thomas , Baes Myriam , Roskams Tania , van Grunsven Leo A. , Van Eynde Aleyde , Bollen Mathieu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The Ppp1r8 gene encodes NIPP1, a nuclear interactor of protein phosphatase PP1. The deletion of NIPP1 is embryonic lethal at the gastrulation stage, which has hampered its functional characterization in adult tissues. Here, we describe the effects of a conditional deletion of NIPP1 in mouse liver epithelial cells. Ppp1r8−/− livers developed a ductular reaction, that is, bile-duct hyperplasia with associated fibrosis. The increased proliferation of biliary epithelial cells was at least partially due to an expansion of the progenitor cell compartment that was independent of liver injury. Gene-expression analysis confirmed an upregulation of progenitor cell markers in the liver knockout livers but showed no effect on the expression of liver-injury associated regulators of cholangiocyte differentiation markers. Consistent with an inhibitory effect of NIPP1 on progenitor cell proliferation, Ppp1r8−/− livers displayed an increased sensitivity to diet-supplemented 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine, which also causes bile-duct hyperplasia through progenitor cell expansion. In contrast, the liver knockouts responded normally to injuries (partial hepatectomy, single CCl4 administration) that are restored through proliferation of differentiated parenchymal cells. Our data indicate that NIPP1 does not regulate the proliferation of hepatocytes but is a suppressor of biliary epithelial cell proliferation, including progenitor cells, in the adult liver.
Concise Review: Stem Cell Trials Using Companion Animal Disease Models
Authors: Hoffman Andrew M. , Dow Steven W. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Studies to evaluate the therapeutic potential of stem cells in humans would benefit from more realistic animal models. In veterinary medicine, companion animals naturally develop many diseases that resemble human conditions, therefore, representing a novel source of preclinical models. To understand how companion animal disease models are being studied for this purpose, we reviewed the literature between 2008 and 2015 for reports on stem cell therapies in dogs and cats, excluding laboratory animals, induced disease models, cancer, and case reports. Disease models included osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, dilated cardiomyopathy, inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's fistulas, meningoencephalomyelitis (multiple sclerosis-like), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (Sjogren's syndrome-like), atopic dermatitis, and chronic (end-stage) kidney disease. Stem cells evaluated in these studies included mesenchymal stem-stromal cells (MSC, 17/19 trials), olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC, 1 trial), or neural lineage cells derived from bone marrow MSC (1 trial), and 16/19 studies were performed in dogs. The MSC studies (13/17) used adipose tissue-derived MSC from either allogeneic (8/13) or autologous (5/13) sources. The majority of studies were open label, uncontrolled studies. Endpoints and protocols were feasible, and the stem cell therapies were reportedly safe and elicited beneficial patient responses in all but two of the trials. In conclusion, companion animals with naturally occurring diseases analogous to human conditions can be recruited into clinical trials and provide realistic insight into feasibility, safety, and biologic activity of novel stem cell therapies. However, improvements in the rigor of manufacturing, study design, and regulatory compliance will be needed to better utilize these models.
Applicability of one-stage partial nitritation and anammox in MBBR for anaerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater
Authors: Kouba Vojtech , Widiayuningrum P , Chovancova L , Jenicek P , Bartacek J 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Energy consumption of municipal wastewater treatment plants can be reduced by the anaerobic pre-treatment of the main wastewater stream. After this pre-treatment, nitrogen can potentially be removed by partial nitritation and anammox (PN/A). Currently, the application of PN/A is limited to nitrogen-rich streams (&gt;500 mg L−1) and temperatures 25–35 °C. But, anaerobically pretreated municipal wastewater is characterized by much lower nitrogen concentrations (20–100 mg L−1) and lower temperatures (10–25 °C). We operated PN/A under similar conditions: total ammonium nitrogen concentration 50 mg L−1 and lab temperature (22 °C). PN/A was operated for 342 days in a 4 L moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). At 0.4 mg O2 L−1, nitrogen removal rate 33 g N m−3 day−1 and 80 % total nitrogen removal efficiency was achieved. The capacity of the reactor was limited by low AOB activity. We observed significant anammox activity (40 g N m−3 day−1) even at 12 °C, improving the applicability of PN/A for municipal wastewater treatment.
Effect of Agro‐Environmental Factors on the Mineral Content of Olive Oils: Categorization of the Three Major Portuguese Cultivars
Authors: Gouvinhas Irene , Domínguez‐Perles Raúl , Machado Nelson , Carvalho Teresa , Matos Carlos , Barros Ana I. R. N. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe nutritional properties and safety of olive oil are strongly dependent on the content of mineral nutrients and trace elements. Hence, this work assesses the content for quality and toxic metals of olive oils from three major Portuguese cultivars (‘Galega’, ‘Cobrançosa’ and ‘Picual’) obtained from olives in different ripening stages. This evaluation was achieved by flame atomic spectrometry and atomic absorption in a graphite furnace, depending on the metal to be analysed. The results showed mean concentrations of the mineral nutrients Ca and Mg of 20.00 µg g−1, and K and Na of 40.00 and 170.00 µg g−1, respectively, while the trace elements Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn and Ni had mean values of 0.53, ≤ 0.01, 0.33, 0.10, 1.09 and 0.64 µg g−1, respectively. The mean content of the toxic metals Al, Cd, Pb and As were 27.46, 0.03, 0.09 and 0.36 µg g−1, respectively, which were according to the values proposed by European regulations. The evaluation of the data obtained by partial least square regression allowed the identification of the minerals with the strongest potential to discriminate between the season (Na, Cu, Zn and Ni) and the cultivar employed in the olive oil performance (Fe and Mn).
Are Smart Beta strategies suitable for hedge fund portfolios?
Authors: Hitaj Asmerilda , Zambruno Giovanni 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the equity context different Smart Beta strategies (such as the equally weighted, global minimum variance, equal risk contribution and maximum diversified ratio) have been proposed as alternatives to the cap‐weighted index. These new approaches have attracted the attention of equity managers as different empirical analyses demonstrate the superiority of these strategies with respect to cap‐weighted and to strategies that consider only mean and variance. In this paper we focus our attention to hedge fund index portfolios and analyze if the results reported in the equity framework are still valid. We consider hedge fund index and equity portfolios, the approaches used for portfolio selection are the four ‘Smart Beta’ strategies, mean–variance and mean–variance–skewness. In the two latter approaches the Taylor approximation of a CARA expected utility function and the Polynomial Goal Programing (PGP) have been used. The obtained portfolios are analyzed in the in‐sample as well as in the out‐of‐sample perspectives.
A Novel Approach for Obtaining Assembly Modes of a 3UPS-S Fully Spherical Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Enferadi J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe 3(UPS)-S fully spherical parallel manipulator is the most famous fully spherical parallel manipulator (FSPM). In this paper, we propose a novel approach to model the forward displacement analysis of the manipulator to obtain its assembly modes. Rodrigues’ formula is used as a mathematical tool to perform the proposed modeling. Utilizing geometry of the manipulator, two coupled trigonometric equations are obtained. Using Bezout's elimination method, the two coupled equations are transformed to one polynomial of degree eight. Finally, an example is given with eight real solutions. Therefore, the degree of the polynomial is minimal and the introduced modeling method is optimal. This is very important to control modelling and dynamics simulation. Also, the proposed method can be extended to the other FSPMs (e.g., 3(RPSP)-S, 3(RPSP)-S and 3(RSS)-S).
The Politics of Related Lending
Authors: Halling Michael , Pichler Pegaret , Stomper Alex 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe analyze the profitability of government-owned banks’ lending to their owners, using a unique data set of relatively homogeneous government-owned banks; the banks are all owned by similarly structured local governments in a single country. Making use of a natural experiment that altered the regulatory and competitive environment, we find evidence that such lending was used to transfer revenues from the banks to the governments. Some of the evidence is particularly pronounced in localities where the incumbent politicians face significant competition for reelection.
Religion, Society and Secular Values
Authors: Charlton William 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOur paradigm for religion is Christianity, which appeared as a sub-society, the culture of which differed both from Jewish culture and from that of the Greeks and Romans. Human beings are essentially social, depending upon society for all rational thought and activity. As social beings we live with regard to customs we think good on the whole. Customs are rationalised by theoretical and moral beliefs. They contrast with nature and also with convention and habit. Religions, like families, are societies intermediate between individuals and states. So-called secular values concern the same things as religious and have comparable practical consequences.
Two Conceptions of Common-Sense Morality
Authors: Krishna Nakul 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMany moral philosophers tend to construe the aims of ethics as the interpretation and critique of ‘common-sense morality’. This approach is defended by Henry Sidgwick in his influential The Methods of Ethics and presented as a development of a basically Socratic idea of philosophical method. However, Sidgwick's focus on our general beliefs about right and wrong action drew attention away from the Socratic insistence on treating beliefs as one expression of our wider dispositions.Understanding the historical contingency of Sidgwick's approach to ethics can help us reflect on whether there are other ways in which modern ethics can be Socratic.
‘Pardon me, I'm very drunk’: alcohol, creativity and performance anxiety in the case of Robert Wyatt
Authors: O'Dair Marcus 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRobert Wyatt's relationship with alcohol is multifaceted. He acknowledges its deleterious effect on aspects of his personal life, most notably on his relationship with wife and creative partner Alfreda Benge, and he has been teetotal since attending Alcoholics Anonymous in 2007–8. In professional terms, however, Wyatt continues to view alcohol positively: as a means to overcome anxiety as a performer and recording artist and as an aid to writing. From this perspective, the fact that Wyatt has not released a solo album since sobering up may be more than mere coincidence. This paper aims to answer two questions. First, what is the evidence that alcohol can reduce anxiety for a performer and recording artist, and increase creativity for a songwriter? Secondly, what is the evidence that this is so in Wyatt's specific case? In answering these questions, the author will draw on secondary research, as well as interviews conducted with Wyatt and various associated musicians and family members between 2008 and 2013.