bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the ionic electric field on Stark shifts of neutral helium lines in plasmas
Authors: Amieur B. , Meftah M. T. , Chenini K. , Nana Y. Ben , Guerrida H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work we provide a contribution to Stark shift for some lines of neutral helium in plasmas. The mentioned shift is caused by the collisions of the unbounded electrons with helium atoms in plasmas. We calculate this contribution by taking into account only weak collisions. This contribution takes into consideration the presence of the local electric microfield created by the ions that constitute in part the plasma. The effect of this microfield modifies the electron trajectory and therefore changes the shift formula developed early by using the straight trajectories in the case of neutral emitters. Our new contribution to the Stark shift caused by electron's collision is applied to some HeI lines: 3188

, 3888

, 6678

and 7065

. Our results are confronted with the experimental and theoretical data from the literature which clearly show that the influence of the local electric microfield created by the ions on the Stark shift caused by electron's collision is not negligible and must be taken into account. It turns out that the correction to the theoretical shift for the lines under consideration tends to red.
Impact and outcomes of hyperglycemia among post-operative children who underwent repair of congenital cardiac defects in a tertiary care setup of Pakistan
Authors: Yumna Aslam  , Ayaz Ur Rehman  , Tarab Zehra  , Noor Ulain  
Published: October 2024

Objective: To determine frequency of postoperative hyperglycemia in children who underwent repair of Congenital Cardiac Defects (CCDs) in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. The other objective was to compare outcomes in children with versus without postoperative hyperglycemia who underwent repair of CCDs in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU), Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan from October 3, 2020, to April 2, 2021. A total of 185 patients aged one month-18 years admitted to CICU underwent elective surgical repair of CCDs meeting the eligibility criteria were included. Glucose monitoring was collected at immediate, 4th and 8th postoperative hours on the first day and once daily on postoperative days Two and Three to assess hyperglycemia. Data including age, weight, gender, pre-operative diagnosis, type of surgery and variables such as CICU stay, duration of hospital stay and duration of mechanical ventilation were recorded.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 40.40±48.63 months. Out of 185 patients, 115 (62.2%) were male while 70 (37.8%) were female. Hyperglycemia was found to be in 182 (98.4%) patients. Out of 182 hyperglycemic patients, 53 (28.6%) had moderate hyperglycemia while 129 (69.7%) had severe hyperglycemia. Mean duration of hospital stays was 9.24±7.45, mean duration of pediatric CICU stays was 141.61±169.02 hours and mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 80.59±98.54 hours.
Conclusion: Hyperglycemia is a frequent finding in children who underwent repair of CCDs, and it is not significantly associated with duration of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital and CICU stay.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.8763
How to cite this: Aslam Y, Ayaz Ur Rehman, Zehra T, Noor Ul Ain. Impact and outcomes of hyperglycemia among post-operative children who underwent repair of congenital cardiac defects in a tertiary care setup of Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(10):2277-2280. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.8763
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The effect of baby touch on premature infants
Authors: Du Qiuying , Zhu Hongbin , Guo Man , Yang Qingqing , Yang Huichan , Ma Yanfei 
Published: October 2024

Objective: Premature infants require special attention during nursing. This study aimed to explore the effects of baby touch on the growth, immunity, sleep and communication in premature infants.
Methods: This was a retrospective study. A total of 64 premature infants with a gestational age of 30-36 weeks were selected at Maternity & Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao from June 2022 to May 2023, and randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The control group received routine comprehensive nursing care for newborns, while the experimental group was additionally treated with touch intervention using the international standard touch method. The effects of the three months touch on the growth and development, immunological function, sleep quality, and emotional communication of the premature infants were observed.
Results: No statistically significant differences were found in gender, gestational age, birth weight, birth length, or head circumference at birth between the two groups (p> 0.05). In the third month, the increases in body weight, body length and head circumference were significantly more obvious, the immunological function indicators including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, IgG, IgA and IgM were all significantly higher, the sleep time and sleep quality were both significantly superior, and the interaction time and intimacy with parents were significantly superior in the experimental group compared with the control group, with statistically significant differences (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: Baby touch can promote growth and development, strengthen immunological function, improve sleep quality and enhance the emotional communication abilities of premature infants, and help them better adapt to the environment and grow.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9275
How to cite this: Du Q, Zhu H, Guo M, Yang Q, Yang H, Ma Y. The effect of baby touch on premature infants. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(10):2256-2260. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9275
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation, light intensity walking and a seated exercise trainer on venous return in healthy young adults: a quasi-experimental crossover study
Authors: Bluett Shannon , Jones Alfie , Pearson Kallum , Samuel Dinesh 
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims The growing prevalence of sedentary behaviour across the life course is linked to an increased risk of chronic venous disease and related mortality, warranting the need for non-invasive interventions to improve blood flow and lower extremity function. The aim of this study was to investigate the change in venous blood flow, heart rate and blood pressure after 8 minutes of using the Leeper device, Circulation Booster and light intensity walking. Methods A quasi-experimental crossover study involving 11 participants (eight women, three men, mean age 23.91 years, standard deviation 1.04 years) was conducted using Leeper and Circulation Booster devices and light intensity walking. During each intervention, participants exercised for 8 minutes, and blood flow was recorded at 0, 4 and 8 minutes. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded at 0 and 8 minutes. Blood flow was the primary outcome measure, and heart rate and blood pressure were secondary outcomes. Participants rested for 10 minutes between exercise. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyse the effect of intervention and time on blood flow, blood pressure and heart rate. Results There was no significant interaction between intervention and time on blood flow (P=0.180) indicating that blood flow did not change over time depending on intervention. There was no significant main effect of time on blood flow (P=0.206), indicating that no intervention caused a significant increase or decrease in blood flow after 8 minutes of exercise. Conclusions The interventions involving the Leeper and Circulation Booster devices and light intensity walking did not appear to significantly increase blood flow in young adults. Further studies involving participants from older age groups and those with pathological interventions are warranted to examine the potential effectiveness of these interventions. Implications for practice The findings may assist with the advice that allied health professionals provide regarding the use of seated exercise trainers and EMS devices and their ability to influence changes in blood flow.
Delayed healthcare seeking and associated factors for common childhood illnesses among caregivers with under-five children who visited Yem special woreda public health facilities, Southwest Ethiopia, 2023
Authors: Hunde Gamechu Atomsa , Zeben Kalkidan Fikadu , Demeke Tigist 
Published: October 2024

Background
For under-five children, receiving timely and appropriate medical attention is crucial in preventing serious and fatal complications. Unfortunately, evidence shows that parents of young children frequently delay seeking care, contributing to the death of many kids before they even get to a medical facility.

Objectives
The study aimed to assess delay in healthcare seeking and associated factors for common childhood illnesses among caregivers with under-five children visiting Yem special woreda public health facilities, 2023.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 333 caregivers of under-five children diagnosed with common childhood illnesses visiting Yem special woreda public health facilities. Systematic random sampling was employed, and data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Delay was characterized as a long time (typically >24 hours) between disease onset and beginning of treatment. Data was entered into Epi Data version 4.7 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0. Binary logistic regression model was fitted. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors that influence the delayed healthcare seeking. Adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were used to determine the associations. Statistically significant variables were identified based on a p-value < 0.05.

Results
A total of 326 caregivers participated in the study with a response rate of 98%. The proportion of delayed health care seeking was 74.5%. Caregivers “wait-and-see” approach is the primary reason for the delay followed by traditional home treatments. Child ≥ 12 months (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.11–3.57), rural residence (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.35–4.28), no community health insurance (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.07–3.42), traditional treatment (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.46–6.10), and initial self-medication at home (AOR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.32–5.63) and perceiving illness as mild (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.28–5.42) were factors associated with delayed healthcare seeking.

Conclusion and recommendation
The study showed delay in health care seeking for common childhood illnesses among caregivers was high. Hence, reducing delays necessitates the implementation of public education campaigns, collaboration with local organizations, and the provision of counseling for caregivers regarding childhood illnesses.
A 12-week in-phase bilateral upper limb exercise protocol promoted neuroplastic and clinical changes in people with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: A registered report randomized single-case concurrent multiple baseline study
Authors: Sokratous Dimitris , Charalambous Charalambos Costa , Zamba—Papanicolaou Eleni , Michailidou Kyriaki , Konstantinou Nikos 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis manifests various motor symptoms including impairments in corticospinal tract integrity, whose symptoms can be assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Several factors, such as exercise and interlimb coordination, can influence the plastic changes in corticospinal tract. Previous work in healthy and chronic stroke survivors showed that the greatest improvement in corticospinal plasticity occurred during in-phase bilateral exercises of the upper limbs. Altered corticospinal plasticity due to bilateral lesions in the central nervous system is common after Multiple Sclerosis, yet the effect of in-phase bilateral exercise on the bilateral corticospinal plasticity in this cohort remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the effects of in-phase bilateral exercises on central motor conduction time, motor evoked potential amplitude and latency, motor threshold and clinical measures in people with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

Methods
Five people were randomized and recruited in this single case concurrent multiple baseline design study. The intervention protocol lasted for 12 consecutive weeks (30–60 minutes /session x 3 sessions / week) and included in-phase bilateral upper limb movements, adapted to different sports activities and to functional motor training. To define the functional relation between the intervention and the results, we conducted a visual analysis. If a potential sizeable effect was observed, we subsequently performed a statistical analysis.

Results
Results demonstrated bilateral reduction of the motor threshold alongside with improvement of all clinical measures, but not in any other corticospinal plasticity measures.

Conclusion
Our preliminary findings suggest that in-phase bilateral exercise affects motor threshold in people with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Therefore, this measure could potentially serve as a proxy for detecting corticospinal plasticity in this cohort. However, future studies with larger sample sizes should validate and potentially establish the effect of in-phase bilateral exercise on the corticospinal plasticity and clinical measures in this cohort.

Trial registration
Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05367947.
New roles of Lagrange multiplier method in generalizability theory: Inference of estimating the optimal sample size for teaching ability evaluation of college teachers
Authors: Li Guangming 
Published: October 2024

Background
Generalizability theory is widely used in psychological and educational measurement. Budget and cost are the problems that cannot be neglected in the measurement. When there is a budget constraint, the generalizability theory needs to consider how to design a measurement program with relatively high reliability and feasibility, which requires the optimal sample size to be estimated by some means. Lagrange multiplier method is a commonly used method for estimating the optimal sample size under budget constraints in generalizability theory. Unfortunately, to date, many formulas of estimating the optimal sample size for some more complex generalizability designs such as those with four facets or more facets have not been derived using the Lagrange multiplier method.

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed step-by-step derivation of the formula of estimating the optimal sample size for three typical complex generalizability designs using the Lagrange multiplier method under budget constraints in generalizability theory, which can demonstrate the new roles of the Lagrange multiplier method.

Method
This article derived the optimal sample size for teaching ability evaluation of college teachers with budget constraints in three generalizability designs such as the (s:t)×i, (s:t)× (i:v) and (s:t) × (i:v) ×o and explored their practical applications. By estimating the optimal sample size, the optimal generalizability design, which is more applicable in practice, can be compared to obtain.

Findings
(1) Using the Lagrange multiplier method, the optimal sample size for students and items under budget constraints in different generalizability design can be derived. (2) For an example, based on teaching ability evaluation of college teachers in China, these designs of (s:t) ×i, (s:t) × (i:v) and (s:t) × (i:v) ×o were used to obtain the optimal sample size, which indicates the Lagrange multiplier method can been used in practice. (3) Under budget constraints, the (s:t) × (i:v) is the optimal generalizability design. The optimal sample size of students is 17 for each teacher and the optimal sample size of items is 4 for each dimension.

Conclusion
The optimal sample size can be derived carefully using the Lagrange multiplier method under budget constraints in generalizability theory. The Lagrange multiplier method with new roles is worth recommending.
Evidence-based dust exposure prediction and/or control tools in occupational settings: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Kabito Gebisa Guyasa , Tefera Yonatal , Ramkissoon Chandnee , Gaskin Sharyn 
Published: October 2024

Background
Workplace atmospheric exposure monitoring is the standard method to assess and control hazardous dust exposure; however, feasibility and cost constraints often limit its application. In recent decades, evidence-based tools supporting exposure modelling and control banding have been developed to aid in predicting and/or controlling occupational exposure to various contaminants. However, there is limited information on the availability and applicability of evidence-based tools for predicting and/or controlling occupational dust exposure, as well as on the methods for evaluating these tools across different exposure scenarios. Therefore, this planned scoping review aims to identify existing evidence-based tools for dust exposure predicting and/or controlling and to present evaluation approaches.

Methods
We will employ the scoping review methods developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The search will be conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, in addition to grey literature from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and advanced Google searches. Studies will be included if they report evidence-based tools for predicting and/or controlling dust exposure using quantitative or semi-quantitative designs and provide a detailed explanation of the methods used for tool development. There will be no restrictions on publication date or geographical location; however, only studies published in English will be considered. Studies focusing exclusively on dust exposure in environmental settings will be excluded. Each member of the review team will screen titles, abstracts, and full texts independently and in collaboration, based on the inclusion criteria. The extracted data will encompass details such as author, title, country, accessible platforms, method/tool names, intended users, types of dust, and occupational settings. Descriptions of the identified tools will include numerical data and narrative summaries to ensure a comprehensive overview.

Trial registration
OSF (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/S6EZJ).
Perinatal and early life risk factors of adverse early childhood developmental outcomes: Protocol for systematic review using socioecological model
Authors: Atalell Kendalem Asmare , Pereira Gavin , Duko Bereket , Nyadanu Sylvester Dodzi , Tessema Gizachew A. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Adverse early childhood developmental outcomes impact later schooling and adulthood life courses. However, there needs to be more comprehensive evidence on the effect of various perinatal and early life risk exposures. Hence, we aimed to systematically identify the various perinatal and early childhood risk factors using a socioecological model to inform appropriate prevention strategies.

Method
The systematic review will adhere to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO with a registration number of CRD42023447352. We will systematically search for articles on adverse early childhood developmental outcomes, which include physical, cognitive, language and communication and social-emotional development from main databases, such as EMBASE, Medline, Global Health, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science Core Collection, dating from 2000. We will use Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome and Study Design (PECOS) criteria to select eligible studies for our review: 1) Population includes children in early childhood age (i.e., up to eight years) undergoing developmental assessments. 2) Exposure: various perinatal and early life risk factors. 3) Comparators: Children with no or low levels of exposure to the risk factors. 4) Outcome: adverse early childhood developmental outcome. 5) Study design: all observational studies that report the prevalence or incidence of adverse early childhood developmental outcomes and associated risk factors published since 2000. There will be no restriction based on country of origin or geographical location except language (only published in English). Textual and narrative synthesis using the socioecological model will be used to synthesise the data.
Computational role of the heat transfer phenomenon in the reactive dynamics of catalytic nanolubricant flow past a horizontal microchannel
Authors: Roja Ajjanna , Khan Umair , Venkadeshwaran K. , Madhukesh Javali Kotresh , Kumar Raman , Ishak Anuar , Hussain Syed Modassir 
Published: October 2024

Abstracta
A numerical simulation is conducted to examine the impact of heat source on reactive dynamics of catalytic nanolubricant flow through a horizontal microchannel with convective boundary conditions. The ZnO–SAE50 nanolubricant is important as it reduces the wear in components such as shafts, gaskets, piston bores, and valve mechanisms, offering advantages not commonly observed with other nanofluids. Suitable dimensionless variables are employed to transform the governing equations into a set of ordinary differential equations. The proper boundary conditions are utilized to obtain the numerical results. The results are acquired utilizing Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth, fifth-order method, and validated with the existing solutions. Enhancing the heat source improves the thermal field, thereby boosting the thermal conductivity of the nanolubricant, facilitating improved heat absorption and transmission within the system. Homogeneous-heterogeneous intensities minimize the concentration which improves lubrication efficiency, and optimize heat transfer performance. Further, the drag force decreases with nanoparticle volume fraction and the heat transfer rate is enhanced with the increase in heat source parameter. This study is the first to investigate the ZnO–SAE50 nanolubricant flow in a horizontal microchannel with reactive catalytic reactions and heat sources. The results significantly contribute to improved heat transfer, lubrication, and efficiency across various advanced technological applications like microelectronics, automotive, small-scale heat exchangers, aerospace, and renewable energy.