bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium intake and genetic variants in the calcium sensing receptor in relation to colorectal cancer mortality: an international consortium study of 18,952 patients
Authors: Wesselink Evertine , Gauderman William , Berndt Sonja I. , Brenner Hermann , Buchanan Daniel D. , Campbell Peter T. , Chan Andrew T. , Chang-Claude Jenny , Cotterchoi Michelle , Gunter Marc J. , Hoffmeister Michael , Joshi Amit D. , Newton Christina C. , Pai Rish K. , Pellatt Andrew J. , Phipps Amanda I. , Song Mingyang , Um Caroline Y. , van Guelpen Bethany , White Emily , Peters Ulrike , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J. B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Research on calcium intake as well as variants in the calcium sensor receptor (CaSR) gene and their interaction in relation to CRC survival is still limited.

Methods
Data from 18,952 CRC patients, were included. Associations between primarily pre-diagnostic dietary (n = 13.085), supplemental (n = 11,837), total calcium intake (n = 5970) as well as 325 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CaSR gene (n = 15,734) in relation to CRC-specific and all-cause mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. Also interactions between calcium intake and variants in the CaSR gene were assessed.

Results
During a median follow-up of 4.8 years (IQR 2.4–8.4), 6801 deaths occurred, of which 4194 related to CRC. For all-cause mortality, no associations were observed for the highest compared to the lowest sex- and study-specific quartile of dietary (HR 1.00, 95%CI 0.92–1.09), supplemental (HR 0.97, 95%CI 0.89–1.06) and total calcium intake (HR 0.99, 95%CI 0.88–1.11). No associations with CRC-specific mortality were observed either. Interactions were observed between supplemental calcium intake and several SNPs of the CaSR gene.

Conclusion
Calcium intake was not associated with all-cause or CRC-specific mortality in CRC patients. The association between supplemental calcium intake and all-cause and CRC-specific mortality may be modified by genetic variants in the CaSR gene.
Design and multi‐objective optimisation of double‐layer non‐uniform Halbach external‐rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Ma Haotian , Lv Pin , Xu Donghui , Liu Ziyang , Liu Lulu , Wang Ning , Shang Zehua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn order to further improve the output torque and stability of the external rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor, a double‐layer non‐uniform Halbach external rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (DNH) structure is proposed and optimised. Finite element models of DNH and other structures are established to compare the electromagnetic characteristics of these motors and verify the superiority of the proposed structure. Secondly, the multi‐objective whale optimisation algorithm is improved, and the algorithm is tested by test function to verify the improvement effect. Further, the Spearman correlation of the parameters is calculated, and the parameters are layered. The first layer parameters are optimised by the improved multi‐objective whale optimisation algorithm, and the second layer parameters are optimised by parameter scanning. Finally, the motor performance of the initial scheme, single layer optimisation scheme, and hierarchical optimisation scheme is compared by simulation. The simulation results show that the hierarchical optimisation method is superior to the single layer optimisation method. By comparing with other schemes, the performance advantages of hierarchical optimisation DNH in terms of average output torque, cogging torque, torque ripple, permanent magnet cost and other parameters are proved, as well as the effectiveness of the optimisation method.
Quantitative release assessment for beta-lactamase-producing
Escherichia coli
of dairy origin into vegetables
Authors: Makita Kohei , Zhang Dongsheng , Okamura Ayaka , Fukuda Akira , Tokunaga Natsumi , Asai Tetsuo , Shimazaki Yoko , Usui Masaru 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Outbreaks of food poisoning associated with vegetables contaminated with
Escherichia coli
have been reported globally. This study was conducted to assess the probability of releasing beta-lactamase-producing
E
.
coli
of dairy farm origin into vegetables in Japan. A release assessment model connecting dairy farms to vegetable farms was developed. Data on the indicated diseases and antimicrobial use in dairy cattle were obtained from the agricultural insurance program in Hokkaido Prefecture between 2016 and 2019. Data on
bla
-harboring
E
.
coli
in cattle were obtained from the Japan Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Microbiological field sampling was conducted at dairy and vegetable farms. Inoculation experiments in vegetables were conducted. All processes in the model simulation were iterated for 1000 times. The estimated proportion of dairy farms holding cattle with
bla
-harboring
E
.
coli
was 6.00% (95% CI: 4.81–7.35%). Beta-lactams were used in 71.76% (333,098/464,204 average annual cases) of indicated diseases. The estimated concentration of
bla
-harboring
E
.
coli
in mixed fresh manure at affected farms was 3.33 log
10
CFU/g (95% CI: 3.33–3.34). The concentrations were reduced to 0.83 (95% CI: 0.34–1.25) and −0.54 log
10
CFU/g (95% CI: −1.04 to −0.05) in soil after immature manure, and slurry spraying, respectively. The estimated concentrations in the soil of fields of radish, leafy vegetables, tomato, and spring-seeded and autumn-seeded onions at harvest were −1.99 (95% CI: −2.48 to −1.57), −2.87 (95% CI: −3.36 to −2.42), −3.82 (95% CI: −4.32 to −3.40), −5.36 (95% CI: −5.85 to −4.93), and −5.94 (95% CI: −6.43 to −5.52) log
10
CFU/g, respectively. The concentrations in the bodies of leafy green spinach and lettuce were −9.88 (95% CI: −10.38 to −9.43) and −10.91 (95% CI, −11.52 to −8.05) log
10
CFU/g, respectively. The probability of ingesting
bla
-harboring
E
.
coli
of dairy origin with raw vegetables in Japan was thus assessed to be very low.

One Health impact statement
This study applied a release assessment in the World Organisation for Animal Health framework for antimicrobial resistance risk assessment to connect the antimicrobial use for dairy cattle, manure production and vegetable farming. As vegetable is often consumed raw, the assessment is directly associated with human health. Although the environmental continuum was not explored, the reduction of the hazard on the soil of vegetable farms was considered. The study involved the engagement with dairy and vegetable farmers and the agriculture industry in understanding farming behavior and value chain. The approach in this study can be applied to the complex problems across the animal-human-environment interface.
Understanding the Potential of Microbial Protein as a more Sustainable Food Source
Authors: Pereira Alexandra , Delmoitié Brecht , Sakarika Myrsini 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The increasing global demand for protein, driven by population growth and dietary shifts, poses a challenge to conventional, inefficient food production systems. In response, alternative protein sources like microbial protein have gained traction for their potential to supply nutritional food more sustainably. Microbial protein, the protein-rich biomass of microorganisms, offers a promising solution due to its high nutritional value, resource efficiency, and climate resilience. However, challenges persist in transitioning to the use of sustainable feedstocks and navigating complex legislative frameworks, hindering widespread adoption. Effective legislative reforms, streamlined regulatory processes, and technological innovations are essential to unlock the full potential of microbial protein as a more sustainable food source. Moreover, consumer acceptance and behavioral changes are crucial for driving adoption and harnessing the environmental benefits of microbial protein. Ultimately, collaborative efforts across stakeholders, informed consumer choices, and policy interventions are imperative for realizing a sustainable food future, with microbial protein playing a pivotal role in this transformative journey.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Maxwell's equal area law for Vaidya-Bonner-de Sitter black hole under Lorentz invariance violation
Authors: Singh Yenshembam Priyobarta , Singh Telem Ibungochouba , Singh Sapam Niranjan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the tunneling of fermions with arbitrary spin near the event horizon of a nonstationary Vaidya-Bonner-de Sitter (VBdS) black hole under Lorentz invariance violation (LIV). The modified Hawking temperature of VBdS black holes is calculated by using tortoise coordinate transformation, Feynman prescription, and Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation. By considering the cosmological constant as a thermodynamic pressure in the extended phase space, we construct a Maxwell's equal area law under LIV and study the phase transitions of VBdS black hole in

,

, and

planes. The LIV increases the length of the liquid-gas coexistence region. The thermodynamic quantities such as the entropy, heat capacity, Helmholtz free energy, internal energy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy of the VBdS black hole are discussed. These quantities tend to increase under LIV. The stability of the black hole is also discussed in the presence of LIV.
Properties analysis on interlayer within lithium target and its beam uniformity for accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Authors: Hu Yaocheng , Jiang Quanxu , Xie Yupeng , Su Haoquan , Zhang Fanxi , Sun Qiuyu , Li Jinglun , Yang Yifan , Si Yixin , Li Haipeng , Ma Baolong , feng Li Zhi , Wang Sheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In order to enhance the performance and lifetime of the
lithium target used in accelerator-based neutron sources for Boron
Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) treatment, an exploration of target
design was conducted based on the 2.8 MeV, 20 mA proton beam. A
comparison between scanning magnets and octupole magnets was
performed for beam uniform, with octupole magnets selected to
effectively avoid localized high thermal densities over short
durations. Exploration was conducted on the performance of tantalum
and vanadium as interlayers within the lithium target, considering
aspects such as cooling, hydrogen diffusion, and neutron
performances. This study revealed that, as the majority of energy
deposition occurs within the interlayer, the presence of an
appropriately thick tantalum or vanadium interlayer has minimal
impact on cooling effectiveness, ensuring temperatures remain below
144 °C. The addition of an interlayer effectively reduces
the maximum hydrogen concentration in copper, thus preventing copper
blistering. Within the investigated thickness range, the interlayer
does not affect neutron spectrum in the forward direction of the
target, mitigating concerns regarding its impact on beam shaping.
Beam energy spectra in the presence of cell-to-cell phase advance errors
Authors: Levichev A. , Arsentyeva M. , Grishina K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The parameters of the accelerating structures of linear
accelerators have a strong influence on the beam parameters such as
the mean energy and the energy spread. One of the most common types
the accelerating structures is based on disk loaded
waveguides. Imperfections in such structure parameters may be
critical for subsequent beam dynamics. We analytically study the
influence of the errors of the cell-to-cell phase advance on the
beam energy spread and the mean energy on the example of the
constant gradient structure. Derived expressions were applied to the
case of a large number of accelerating structures, which is relevant
for GeV linacs, to obtain accelerated beam parameters in terms of
the probabilistic analysis for several values of the injected beam
duration.
Is the volatility of yields for major crops grown in Germany related to spatial diversification at county level?
Authors: Ahrends Hella Ellen , Piepho Hans-Peter , Sommer Michael , Ewert Frank , Webber Heidi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests a stabilizing effect of crop diversity on agricultural production. However, different methods are used for assessing these effects and there is little systematic quantitative evidence on diversification benefits. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between volatility of combined crop yields (denoted as standard deviation) and diversity (denoted as Shannon’s Evenness Index SEI) for standardized yield data of major crop species grown in Germany between 1977 and 2018 (winter wheat, winter barley, silage maize and winter rapeseed) at the county level. Portfolio theory was used to estimate the optimal crop area share for minimizing yield volatility. On average, results indicated a weak negative relationship between volatility and the SEI during the past decades for the case of Germany. Optimizing crop area shares for minimizing volatility reduced yield variance on average by 24% but was associated with a decrease in SEI for most counties. This was related to the finding that the stability of individual species, i.e., barley and wheat, was more effective in reducing the volatility of combined yields than the asynchronous variation in annual yields among crops. Future studies might include an increased number of crop species and consider temporal diversification effects for a more realistic assessment of the relation between yield volatility and crop diversity and test the relationship in other regions and production conditions.
Significant influence of winter Pacific-North American pattern on spring vegetation in mid-high latitude Asia
Authors: Xin Ning , Zhou Botao , Chen Haishan , Sun Shanlei , Yan Minchu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Given that the vegetation over mid-high latitude Asia (MHA) has been more variable in recent years, it is necessary to better understand the physical causes of vegetation variations in this region. Based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), this study reveals a close linkage of the variability of spring (April–May) vegetation in MHA to the winter (December–January–February) Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern. When the winter PNA pattern lies in the positive phase, the NDVI tends to decrease in most parts of the MHA region during the following spring. Further analysis suggests that the lagged influence of winter PNA on spring atmospheric circulations and hence the vegetation in MHA is accomplished by the stratospheric pathway. The positive PNA phase can enhance the upward transport of wave energy into the stratosphere over the high latitudes in winter through the linear constructive interference of zonal wavenumber 1 (WN1), consequently leading to a weaker polar vortex in the stratosphere during February-March. Subsequently, the weakened polar vortex signal propagates downward from the stratosphere to the troposphere, inducing the negative Arctic Oscillation-like circulation with an anomalous cyclonic circulation dominating the MHA region in spring. The anomalous cyclonic circulation further cools the surface air temperature in MHA via modulating downward solar radiation and temperature advection, resulting in a decrease of spring NDVI in situ.
Causal fermion systems as an effective collapse theory
Authors: Finster Felix , Kleiner Johannes , Paganini Claudio F 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
It is shown that, in the non-relativistic limit, causal fermion systems give rise to an effective collapse theory. The nonlinear and stochastic correction terms to the Schrödinger equation are derived from the causal action principle. The dynamics of the statistical operator is described by a deterministic equation of Kossakowski–Lindblad form. Moreover, the quantum state undergoes a dynamical collapse compatible with the Born rule. The effective model has similarities with the continuous spontaneous localization model, but differs from it by a conservation law for the probability integral as well as a non-locality in time on a microscopic length scale

ℓ

min

.
Chitosan derived N-doped carbon aerogel nanostructures for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Quan Le Hong , Thi Dieu Thuy Ung , Van Chi Nguyen , Van Hoa Nguyen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study presented a chitosan-derived activated carbon aerogel material (ACAM), which was prepared via a sol–gel method, freeze-drying, and carbonization. The prepared nitrogen-doped carbon materials had nanopore structures with a highly specific surface area of 2341 m2 g−1 that was expected to be suitable as active electrode materials for supercapacitors). The prepared electrode exhibited a high capacitance of 215 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1. Moreover, the electrode could retain almost 93% of the original capacitance, and the Coulombic efficiency remains over 97% after 5,000 cycles. The findings suggest a low-price and high-performance material for supercapacitors.
User Experience of a (Semi-) Automated Cognitive Phone-Based Assessment Within a Memory Clinic Population
Authors: ter Huurne Daphne , Ramakers Inez , Possemis Nina , König Alexandra , Linz Nicklas , Tröger Johannes , Langel Kai , Verhey Frans , de Vugt Marjolein 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
We examined the user experience in different modalities (face-to-face, semi-automated phone-based, and fully automated phone-based) of cognitive testing in people with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.

Method
A total of 67 participants from the memory clinic of the Maastricht University Medical Center+ participated in the study. The study consisted of cognitive tests in different modalities, namely, face-to-face, semi-automated phone-based guided by a researcher, and fully automated phone-based without the involvement of a researcher. After each assessment, a user experience questionnaire was administered, including questions about, for example, satisfaction, simplicity, and missing personal contact, on a seven-point Likert scale. Non-parametric tests were used to compare user experiences across different modalities.

Results
In all modalities, user experiences were rated above average. The face-to-face ratings were comparable to the ratings of the semi-automated phone-based assessment, except for the satisfaction and recommendation items, which were rated higher for the face-to-face assessment. The face-to-face assessment was preferred above the fully automated phone-based assessment on all items. In general, the semi- and fully automated phone-based assessments were comparable (simplicity, conceivability, quality of sound, visiting the hospital, and missing personal contact), while on all the other items, the semi-automated phone-based assessment was preferred.

Conclusions
User experience was rated high within all modalities. Simplicity, conceivability, comfortability, and participation scores were comparable in the semi-automated phone-based and face-to-face assessment. Based on these findings and earlier research on validation of the semi-automated phone-based assessment, the semi-automated assessment could be useful for screening for clinical trials, and after more research, in clinical practice.
DTI-LM: language model powered drug–target interaction prediction
Authors: Ahmed Khandakar Tanvir , Ansari Md Istiaq , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Motivation
The identification and understanding of drug–target interactions (DTIs) play a pivotal role in the drug discovery and development process. Sequence representations of drugs and proteins in computational model offer advantages such as their widespread availability, easier input quality control, and reduced computational resource requirements. These make them an efficient and accessible tools for various computational biology and drug discovery applications. Many sequence-based DTI prediction methods have been developed over the years. Despite the advancement in methodology, cold start DTI prediction involving unknown drug or protein remains a challenging task, particularly for sequence-based models. Introducing DTI-LM, a novel framework leveraging advanced pretrained language models, we harness their exceptional context-capturing abilities along with neighborhood information to predict DTIs. DTI-LM is specifically designed to rely solely on sequence representations for drugs and proteins, aiming to bridge the gap between warm start and cold start predictions.

Results
Large-scale experiments on four datasets show that DTI-LM can achieve state-of-the-art performance on DTI predictions. Notably, it excels in overcoming the common challenges faced by sequence-based models in cold start predictions for proteins, yielding impressive results. The incorporation of neighborhood information through a graph attention network further enhances prediction accuracy. Nevertheless, a disparity persists between cold start predictions for proteins and drugs. A detailed examination of DTI-LM reveals that language models exhibit contrasting capabilities in capturing similarities between drugs and proteins.

Availability and implementation
Source code is available at: https://github.com/compbiolabucf/DTI-LM.
212. CLINICAL RESULTS OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS WITH INOPERABLE CONDITION
Authors: Yi Eunjue , Chang Ji-Eun , Choi Hyuk Soon , Chung Jae Ho , Jung Younggi , Lee Sungho 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Although surgical resection is the best way for curing cancer, there has been a certain portion of patients who could not undergo surgery because of various reasons. We experienced 10 cases of photodynamic therapy for esophageal cancer patients (Including one case of carcinoma in-situ) with inoperable conditions, and investigated the feasibility and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Methods
Medical records of patients of esophageal cancers who received photodynamic therapies between 2005 and 2022 in our institute were reviewed retrospectively. Survival, complication rates and treatment results were evaluated.

Results
Average age at the time of treatment was 72.4 (±6.47, ranging 64 to 86) and average follow-up periods were 25.0 (±27.7, ranging 3.8 to 89.8). The average Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were 7.3 (±2.29, ranging 4 to 10). During the follow-up periods, 5 patients died, and only one death was related with the esophageal cancer progression. There was one case of skin reaction and no other complications were appeared. There were no complication related deaths. Complete remission of esophageal cancer showed in 7 patients (70.0%) and partial remission showed in 3 patients (30.0%). Two patients with partial remission showed loco-recurrence. One patient with complete remission had to undergo surgery because of preexisting esophageal stenosis.

Conclusion
Photodynamic therapy could be an option of palliative therapy for advanced esophageal cancer with reasonable complication rates. Therapeutic application could be considered in early esophageal cancer, especially for patients with poor general condition or refusal of surgery. It was still in debates whether it could substitute the surgical role in early esophageal cancers.