bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between antiepileptic drugs and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with epilepsy: a population‐based case–control study
Authors: Hung Dong‐Zong , Lin Cheng‐Li , Li Yi‐Wen , Lin Yen‐Ning , Lee Ying‐Ray , Wang Charles‐C. N. , Chen Jih‐Jung , Lim Yun‐Ping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study explored whether antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) use increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe conducted a case–control study using data from the National Health Insurance system of Taiwan. The case group comprised 1,454 epilepsy patients with newly diagnosed HCC, and the control group comprised 1,448 epilepsy patients without HCC. Both groups had similar distributions of sex and age, and follow‐up duration. Possible associations with the AEDs in Taiwan were examined.ResultsAfter adjusted for AEDs (phenobarbital and primidone, clonazepam, clorazepate and diazepam, and other AEDs), and for the comorbidities of diabetes, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, hepatitis B and C virus infection, and alcoholism, the odds ratio (OR) of HCC was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.47) for the group of phenytoin users compared with nonphenytoin users. An annual means of 61–120, 121–180, and >180 of defined daily doses (DDDs) of phenytoin (OR: 4.07, 95% CI: 2.03–8.18; OR: 7.51, 95% CI: 3.03–18.7, and OR: 14.6, 95% CI: 7.88–26.9, respectively) were significantly correlated with the risk of HCC but not with a DDD of ≤60. Compared with nonphenytoin users, HCC patients who had used phenytoin within 1 year of HCC diagnosis were at a greatest risk of HCC (adjusted OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.71–3.08), followed by who had used phenytoin within 2 years of diagnosis (adjusted OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.44–2.56).ConclusionThe results indicate that high dose of phenytoin was associated with a statistically significant increased OR for HCC, which was not demonstrated for low‐dose phenytoin.
Lewis Acid Induced Switch of Torquoselectivity in the Nazarov Cyclization of Activated Dienones Bearing a Chiral Sulfoxide
Authors: Grenet Erwann , Martínez Jean , Salom‐Roig Xavier J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA Nazarov cyclization of activated dienones bearing a dihydropyran as an electron‐donating group (EDG) and a chiral sulfoxide group as an electron‐withdrawing group (EWG) and chiral inductor is described. The direction of the torquoselectivity depends highly on the nature of the Lewis acid promoter. This diastereodivergent strategy furnishes both trans stereoisomers from a common precursor. The potential of the Nazarov cyclization products was highlighted by further synthetic elaboration.
An Open‐Cage Fullerene That Mimics the C60H10 (5,5)‐Carbon Nanotube Endcap to Host Acetylene and Hydrogen Cyanide Molecules
Authors: Chen Chi‐Shian , Yeh Wen‐Yann 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTreatment of the open‐cage fullerene C63H4NO2(Ph)2(Py)(N2C6H4) (1) with methanol at 150 °C results in an orifice‐enlargement reaction to give C69H8NO(CO2Me)(Ph)(Py)(N2C6H4) (2). The overall yield from C60 to isolated 2 is 6.1 % (four steps). Compound 2 contains a 24‐membered elliptic orifice that spans 8.45 Å along the major axis and 6.37 Å along the minor axis. The skeleton of 2 resembles the hypothetic C60H10 (5,5)‐carbon nanotube endcap. The cup‐shaped structure of 2 is able to include water, hydrogen cyanide, and acetylene, forming H2O@2, HCN@2, and C2H2@2, respectively. The molecular structures of H2O@2 and HCN@2 have been determined by X‐ray crystallography. The 1H NMR spectra reveal substantial upfield shifts for the endohedral species, such as δ=−10.30 (for H2O), −2.74 and −14.26 (for C2H2), and −1.22 ppm (for HCN), owing to the strong shielding effects of the fullerene cage.
Copper‐Catalyzed Hydrosulfonylation of Alkynes Employing Sulfonohydrazides toward the Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfones
Authors: Hu Deqing , Bai Feicheng , Liu Yunyun , Wan Jie‐Ping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe hydrosulfonylation of terminal alkynes employing sulfonohydrazides has been accomplished with copper‐catalysis in the presence of BPO (benzoic peroxyanhydride). Generally, excellent yield of the vinyl sulfone products has been acquired by heating the reaction at 70°C in DMSO.
Visible Light‐Induced Photocatalysis on Carbon Nitride Deposited Titanium Dioxide: Hydrogen Production from Sacrificial Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Higashimoto Shinya , Hikita Kohji , Azuma Masashi , Yamamoto Mari , Takahashi Masanari , Sakata Yoshihisa , Matsuoka Masaya , Kobayashi Hisayoshi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCarbon and nitrogen species‐involved TiO2 (CN‐TiO2) were systematically synthesized by thermal condensation of cyanuric acid on the TiO2 surface. And the photocatalytic reactions for H2 production from sacrificial aqueous solutions were performed on several CN‐TiO2 photocatalyst under visible‐light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of the CN‐TiO2 was influenced by total amounts of carbon and nitrogen species, and the preferable activity was ten times higher than that of pristine carbon nitride. Here, the states of the CN‐TiO2 photocatalyst were characterized by XPS, FT‐IR and UV–vis spectroscopy as well as DFT calculations. The photo‐electrochemical measurements confirmed that the enhancement of H2 production is associated with effective charge separation under photo‐ excitation of highly dispersed carbon nitride on the TiO2 surface.
Low rates of pregnancy screening in adolescents before teratogenic exposures in a national sample of children's hospitals
Authors: Rao Pooja , Li Yimei , Getz Kelly D. , Miller Tamara P. , Huang Yuan‐Shung , Wilkes Jennifer J. , Seif Alix E. , Bagatell Rochelle , Fisher Brian T. , Gracia Clarisa , Aplenc Richard 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDAdolescents with cancer engage in sexual behaviors and are exposed to teratogenic chemotherapy. There are no data regarding pregnancy screening patterns for adolescents before chemotherapy exposure.METHODSA cross‐sectional study of leukemia and emergency room (ER) admissions in the Pediatric Health Information System from 1999 to 2011 was conducted. Females who were 10 to 18 years old and 1) had newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or 2) had ER visits with computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen/pelvis were included. The exposure was a hospital visit with either chemotherapy or an abdominal/pelvic CT scan. The main outcome was a pregnancy test billed on the same day or before the teratogenic exposure within the same index admission. Log‐binomial regressions were used to compute prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals comparing pregnancy screening in the leukemia and ER cohorts.RESULTSA total of 35,650 admissions were identified. The proportion of visits with an appropriately timed pregnancy test was 35%, 64%, and 58% in the ALL (n = 889), AML (n = 127), and ER cohorts (n = 34,634), respectively. Patients with ALL were significantly less likely to have a pregnancy test than the ER cohort (adjusted prevalence ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.65‐0.78), but there was no significant difference between the AML and ER cohorts (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.99‐1.27). There was substantial hospital‐level variation in pregnancy screening patterns.CONCLUSIONSAdolescents with acute leukemia and ER visits have low rates of pregnancy screening before teratogenic exposures. Standardized practice guidelines for pregnancy screening among adolescents may improve screening rates. Cancer 2016;122:3394–3400. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Constructing Synergetic Trilayered TiO2 Photoanodes Based on a Flexible Nanotube Array/Ti Substrate for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Xueqin , Li Zhen , Cao Ya , Li Yinchang , Zhao Yanli 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA TiO2 photoelectrode on flexible Ti substrate for dye‐sensitized solar cells was constructed via layer‐by‐layer assembly of one‐dimensional (1D) nanotube arrays (bottom layer), three‐dimensional (3D) microsized leaves (intermediate layer), and zero‐dimensional (0D) TiO2 nanoparticles (top layer) generated by anodic oxidation, hydrothermal treatment, and screen coating, respectively. The novel 1D‐3D buxus‐liked bilayer presents superior light scattering and favorable charge collection. After integrating 14 μm TiO2 nanoparticles with a 12 μm buxus‐like double‐layered photoanode, an excellent power conversion efficiency of 8.02 % (short circuit current density Jsc=17.03 mA cm−2, open circuit voltage Voc=0.78 V, and fill factor FF=60.4 %) was obtained that outperformed a cell based on titanium nanotube arrays–TiO2 nanoparticles with a similar film thickness (6.30 %).
Vinylanthracene‐Based Compounds as Electron‐Rich Sensors for Explosives Recognition
Authors: Chowdhury Aniket , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFour new vinylanthracene‐based fluorescent molecules were synthesized and characterized. The highly fluorescent vinylanthracene moiety was coupled with the ethynylbenzene group to yield rigid and electron‐rich π systems, which were utilized as selective and sensitive probes for picric acid in both the solution and solid states. In solution, the molecules demonstrated signal amplification by a combined effect of photo‐induced electron transfer and resonance energy transfer, whereas in the solid state the enhanced sensitivity was attributed to a collective effect of PET and exciton migration among closely spaced molecules. In direct contact mode experiments, thin films of the molecules demonstrated discernible changes in fluorescent intensity, which shows that the molecules are potential materials for in‐the‐field applications.
Prediction of rainfall‐induced shallow landslides in the Loess Plateau, Yan'an, China, using the TRIGRS model
Authors: Zhuang Jianqi , Peng Jianbing , Wang Gonghui , Iqbal Javed , Wang Ying , Li Wei , Xu Qiang , Zhu Xinghua 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this work, a transient rainfall infiltration and grid‐based regional slope‐stability model (TRIGRS) was implemented in a case study of Yan'an City, Northwest China. In this area, widespread shallow landslides were triggered by the 12 July 2013 exceptional rainstorm event. A high‐resolution DEM, soil parameters from in‐situ and laboratory measurements, water table depths, the maximum depth of precipitation infiltration and rain‐gauge‐corrected precipitation of the event, were used as inputs in the TRIGRS model. Shallow landslides triggered on the same day were used to evaluate the modeling results. The summarized results are as follows: (i) The characteristics and distribution of thirty‐five shallow landslides triggered by the 12 July 2013 rainfall event were identified in the study area and all were classified as shallow landslides with the maximum depth, area and volume less than 3 m, 200 m2 and 1000 m3, respectively, (ii) Four intermediate factor of safety (FS) maps were generated using the TRIGRS model to represent the scenarios 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after the storm event. The area with FS < 1 increased with the rainfall duration. The percentage of the area with FS < 1 was 0.2%, 3.3%, 3.8% and 5.1% for the four stages, respectively. Twenty‐four hours after the rainstorm, TRIGRS predicted that 1255 grid cells failed, which is consistent with the field data. (iii) TRIGRS generated more satisfactory results at a given precipitation threshold than SINMAP, which is ideal for landslide hazard zoning for land‐use planning at the regional scale. Comparison results showed that TRIGRS is more useful for landslide prediction for a certain precipitation threshold, also in the regional scale. (iv) Analysis of the responses of loess slope prone to slope failure after different precipitation scenarios revealed that loess slopes are particularly sensitive to extended periods of heavy precipitation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses in head and neck squamous cell papillomas
Authors: Donà Maria Gabriella , Pichi Barbara , Rollo Francesca , Gheit Tarik , Laquintana Valentina , Covello Renato , Pescarmona Edoardo , Spriano Giuseppe , Pellini Raul , Giuliani Massimo , Tommasino Massimo , Benevolo Maria 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundConflicting data exist regarding the contribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) to the development of head and neck squamous cell papillomas.MethodsFormalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded papillomas were tested for 28 mucosal and 79 cutaneous HPVs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based methods.ResultsEighty‐three papillomas (43 oropharyngeal, 31 oral, 6 laryngeal, and 3 nasopharyngeal) were analyzed. Twenty‐four samples (28.9%) harbored mucosal HPVs: 3 oropharyngeal (6.9%), 15 oral (48.3%), 4 laryngeal (66.7%), and 2 nasopharyngeal papillomas (66.7%). Eighty‐one cases were also tested for cutaneous HPVs, detected in 16 lesions (19.7%): 11 (13.5%) harbored only cutaneous types, and 5 (6.2%) were positive for both cutaneous and mucosal HPVs. Among these 81 cases, prevalence of mucosal and/or cutaneous HPV infection was 43.2%.ConclusionHPV DNA detection in a fraction of head and neck papillomas supports the role of HPV in their development. However, other markers need to be considered to confirm the association of HPV infection with these lesions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 254–259, 2017
The effect of temperature on the seepage transport of suspended particles in a porous medium
Authors: Bai Bing , Long Fei , Rao Dengyu , Xu Tao 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the effect of temperature on the seepage transport of suspended particles (SP) with a median diameter of 10–47 μm in a porous medium for various seepage velocities. The results show that the rise of temperature accelerates the irregular movements of SPs in the porous medium and reduces their migration velocity. As a result, the pore volume corresponding to the peak value of the breakthrough curves is apparently delayed, and the peak value in the effluent is decreased. The migration velocity of SPs decreases with increasing particle size, regardless of the Darcy velocity and temperature. The longitudinal dispersivity of SPs decreases slightly with increasing temperature and then remains almost unchanged. Larger particles experience more irregular movements induced by the limit of pore size, which leads to a larger dispersivity. The deposition coefficient increases with increasing temperature, especially in the case of a high seepage velocity, and then tends to be stable. The deposition coefficient for large‐sized particles is higher than that for small‐sized particles, which can be attributed to the restriction of large‐sized particles by the narrow pores in the porous medium. The recovery rate decreases slightly with the increase of temperature until a critical value is reached, beyond which it remains almost unchanged. In summary, temperature is a significant factor affecting the transport and deposition of SPs in the porous medium, and the transport parameters such as particle velocity, dispersivity, and deposition coefficient.
Risk communication in the case of the Fukushima accident: Impact of communication and lessons to be learned
Authors: Perko Tanja 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Risk communication about the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in 2011 was often not transparent, timely, clear, nor factually correct. However, lessons related to risk communication have been identified and some of them are already addressed in national and international communication programmes and strategies. The Fukushima accident may be seen as a practice scenario for risk communication with important lessons to be learned. As a result of risk communication failures during the accident, the world is now better prepared for communication related to nuclear emergencies than it was 5 years ago The present study discusses the impact of communication, as applied during the Fukushima accident, and the main lessons learned. It then identifies pathways for transparent, timely, clear and factually correct communication to be developed, practiced and applied in nuclear emergency communication before, during, and after nuclear accidents. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:683–686. © 2016 SETAC.
Simplifying the assessment of human breast cancer by mapping a micro‐scale heterogeneity index in optical coherence elastography
Authors: Chin Lixin , Latham Bruce , Saunders Christobel M. , Sampson David D. , Kennedy Brendan F. 
Published: September 2016

Surgical treatment of breast cancer aims to identify and remove all malignant tissue. Intraoperative assessment of tumor margins is, however, not exact; thus, re‐excision is frequently needed, or excess normal tissue is removed. Imaging methods applicable intraoperatively could help to reduce re‐excision rates whilst minimizing removal of excess healthy tissue. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) has been proposed for use in breast‐conserving surgery; however, intraoperative interpretation of complex OCE images may prove challenging. Observations of breast cancer on multiple length scales, by OCE, ultrasound elastography, and atomic force microscopy, have shown an increase in the mechanical heterogeneity of malignant breast tumors compared to normal breast tissue. In this study, a micro‐scale mechanical heterogeneity index is introduced and used to form heterogeneity maps from OCE scans of 10 ex vivo human breast tissue samples. Through comparison of OCE, optical coherence tomography images, and corresponding histology, malignant tissue is shown to possess a higher heterogeneity index than benign tissue. The heterogeneity map simplifies the contrast between tumor and normal stroma in breast tissue, facilitating the rapid identification of possible areas of malignancy, which is an important step towards intraoperative margin assessment using OCE.
magnified image
Comparison of dextran‐based sirolimus‐eluting stents and PLA‐based sirolimus‐eluting stents in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lee So‐Youn , Bae In‐Ho , Park Dae Sung , Jang Eun‐Jae , Shim Jae‐Won , Lim Kyung Seob , Park Jun‐Kyu , Sim Doo Sun , Jeong Myung Ho 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare dextran and Poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) polymer stent coatings as mediators for sirolimus (SRL) drug elution in a porcine coronary model. The bare metal stent (BMS) surface was first coated with a layer of SRL and then either dextran (DSS, a natural polymer) or PLA (PSS, a synthetic polymer). The release velocity of SRL was slightly faster in DSS than PSS over the first 7 days (78.5% and 62.3%, respectively, n = 10, p < 0.05) and continued to 28 days in both groups. The contact angle was dramatically decreased in DSS (38.7° ± 1.24) compared to BMS and PSS groups (72.7° ± 5.32 and 81.1º ± 1.70, respectively, n = 10, p < 0.05). Smooth muscle cell migration was arrested in both the DSS and PSS‐treated groups compared to that in the nontreated group (4.2% ± 0.31, 5.8% ± 0.60, 80.0% ± 4.4, respectively, n = 10, p < 0.05). In the animal study, there were no significant differences in the injury score, the internal elastic lamina, and the lumen area among the groups. However, percent area stenosis was significantly decreased in the SRL‐containing group (27.5% ± 2.52 in DSS and 27.9% ± 3.30 in PSS) compared to BMS (35.9% ± 3.51, p < 0.05). The fibrin score was higher in the PSS (2.9 ± 0.31) than BMS (2.1 ± 0.12) and DSS (2.5 ± 0.66). The inflammation score in the DSS (0.7 ± 0.21) was similar to that in the BMS (0.7 ± 0.12), which was dramatically lower than that PSS (1.5 ± 0.18, p < 0.005). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that endothelialization was increased and inflammation prevented in the DSS. These results suggest that dextran may be useful for the fabrication of drug eluting stent as an alternative existing synthetic polymer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 301–310, 2017.
Biokinetics and tissue response to ultrananocrystalline diamond nanoparticles employed as coating for biomedical devices
Authors: Tasat Deborah R. , Bruno Marcos E. , Domingo Mariela , Gurman Pablo , Auciello Orlando , Paparella María L. , Evelson Pablo , Guglielmotti María B. , Olmedo Daniel G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) has been proposed as a coating material for titanium biomedical implants, the biological effects and toxicity of UNCD particles that could eventually detach have not been studied to date. The biokinetics and biological effects of UNCD compared to titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles was evaluated in vivo using Wistar rats (n = 30) i.p. injected with TiO2, UNCD or saline solution. After 6 months, blood, lung, liver, and kidney samples were histologically analyzed. Oxidative damage by membrane lipidperoxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances‐TBARS), generation of reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion‐
), and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase‐SOD, catalase‐CAT) was evaluated in lung and liver. Histologic observation showed agglomerates of TiO2 or UNCD in the parenchyma of the studied organs, though there were fewer UNCD than TiO2 deposits. In addition, TiO2 caused areas compatibles with foci of necrosis in the liver and renal hyaline cylinders. Regarding UNCD, no membrane damage (TBARS) or mobilization of enzymatic antioxidants was observed either in lung or liver samples. No variations in
generation were observed in lung (Co: 35.1 ± 4.02 vs. UNCD: 48 ± 9.1, p > 0.05). Conversely, TiO2 exposure caused production of
in alveolar macrophages and consumption of catalase (p < 0.05). The studied parameters suggest that UNCD caused neither biochemical nor histological alterations, and therefore may prove useful as a surface coating for biomedical implants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2408–2415, 2017.
The Effect of Severe Drought on the Evolution of Urban and Manure Wastes in an Agricultural Soil in Mediterranean Ecosystems
Authors: Franco‐Andreu Luis , Gomez Isidoro , Parrado Juan , Knicker Heike , Tejada Manuel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn semi‐arid Mediterranean soils, water availability is the most limiting factor, negatively affecting the organic matter (OM) degradation. The aim of this work is to study under controlled laboratory conditions how three sources of OM [municipal solid waste (MSW), sheep manure (SM) and cow manure (CM)] behave when they are applied to an agricultural soil subjected to a severe year‐long drought. In order to apply the same concentration of OM to the soil (16·92 Mg OM ha−1), 2 kg of soil was mixed with 30, 67·41 and 55·25 Mg ha−1(dry matter) of MSW, CM and SM, respectively. Two levels of irrigation were employed: (i) watered soils and (ii) non‐watered soils. Soil's chemical properties [water soluble carbon (WSC), humic acids, fulvic acids and protein mass distribution], biological properties (soil microbial biomass carbon ando‐diphenoloxidase activity) and solid‐state13C cross‐polarisation magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were determined. In watered soils, the soil microbial biomass carbon was higher in the SM than in CM and MSW treatments (9·9% and 23·1%, respectively). The WSC was significantly higher in SM than in CM (55·7%) and MSW (78·7%) treatments. A decrease in the content ofO‐alkyl C and an increase in alkyl C, aromatic C and carboxyl C were observed. In non‐watered soils, the biochemical properties and alkyl C and alkyl/O‐alkyl ratio decreased, whereas WSC content andO‐alkyl C increased. These results indicated that the evolution of OM and the activity of the microbial community in non‐watered soils were very different to those in the watered soils. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.