bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between caffeine and polymorphisms of glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A (GRIN2A) and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) on Parkinson's disease risk
Authors: Kim Iris Y. , O'Reilly Éilis J. , Hughes Katherine C. , Gao Xiang , Schwarzschild Michael A. , McCullough Marjorie L. , Hannan Marian T. , Betensky Rebecca A. , Ascherio Alberto 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: Caffeine intake has been inversely associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. This relationship may be modified by polymorphisms of glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A (GRIN2A) and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), but the results of previous studies have been inconsistent.Method: We examined the interaction of caffeine intake with GRIN2A‐rs4998386 and CYP1A2‐rs762551 polymorphisms in influencing PD risk among 829 incident cases of PD and 2,754 matched controls selected among participants in the following 3 large prospective ongoing cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study, the Health Professionals' Follow‐up Study, and the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Matching factors included cohort, birth year, source of DNA, date of DNA collection, and race. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using conditional logistic models. Interactions were tested both on the multiplicative scale and on the additive scale.Results: Overall, caffeine intake was associated with a lower PD risk (adjusted relative risk for highest versus lowest tertile = 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.57‐0.86; p < .001). In analyses stratified by the GRIN2A‐rs4998386 genotype, the multivariable‐adjusted relative risk of PD comparing the highest to the lowest tertile of caffeine was 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.55‐0.88; p < .01) among individuals homozygous for the C allele, and 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.55‐1.32; p = .47; pRERI = .43) among carriers for the T allele. Interactions between caffeine and GRIN2A were not significant in either the multiplicative or additive scales. We also did not observe significant interactions for CYP1A2‐rs762551 and incident PD risk.Conclusion: Our findings do not support the hypothesis of an interaction between the GRIN2A‐rs4998386 or CYP1A2‐rs762551 polymorphism and caffeine intake in determining PD risk. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Strategies to target the Hedgehog signaling pathway for cancer therapy
Authors: Xin Minhang , Ji Xinyue , De La Cruz Ladie Kimberly , Thareja Suresh , Wang Binghe 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHedgehog (Hh) signaling is an essential pathway in the human body, and plays a major role in embryo development and tissue patterning. Constitutive activation of the Hh signaling pathway through sporadic mutations or other mechanisms is explicitly associated with cancer development and progression in various solid malignancies. Therefore, targeted inhibition of the Hh signaling pathway has emerged as an attractive and validated therapeutic strategy for the treatment of a wide range of cancers. Vismodegib, a first‐in‐class Hh signaling pathway inhibitor was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2012, and sonidegib, another potent Hh pathway inhibitor, received FDA's approval in 2015 as a new treatment of locally advanced or metastatic basal cell carcinoma. The clinical success of vismodegib and sonidegib provided strong support for the development of Hh signaling pathway inhibitors via targeting the smoothened (Smo) receptor. Moreover, Hh signaling pathway inhibitors aimed to target proteins, which are downstream or upstream of Smo, have also been pursued based on the identification of additional therapeutic benefits. Recently, much progress has been made in Hh singling and inhibitors of this pathway. Herein, medicinal chemistry strategies, especially the structural optimization process of different classes of Hh inhibitors, are comprehensively summarized. Further therapeutic potentials and challenges are also discussed.
Women's situation‐specific strategies in managing participation restrictions due to early rheumatoid arthritis: A gender comparison
Authors: Östlund Gunnel , Björk Mathilda , Thyberg Ingrid , Valtersson Eva , Sverker Annette 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe present study explored how women describe their use of situation‐specific strategies when managing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim was also to compare women's strategies with those of men, and see the extent to which they used the same strategies.MethodsThe data were collected using semi‐structured interviews based on the critical incident technique. The sample consisted of women with early rheumatic arthritis (n = 34), and the results were compared with data reported in a previous study on men (n = 25) from the same cohort. The patient‐described participation restrictions due to RA were firstly linked to the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The different strategies used were then categorized. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden.ResultsThe study found that women used four situation‐specific strategies: adjustment, avoidance, interaction and acceptance. The same strategies had been found previously in interviews with men with RA. Women and men used these strategies to a similar extent in the ICF domains of mobility; major life arenas; domestic life; interpersonal interactions and relationships; and community, social and civic life. However, some differences were found, relating to the reported activities in self‐care and domestic life, in which women reported using strategies to a greater extent than men.ConclusionsWomen and men used four types of situation‐specific strategies in managing RA; adjustment, avoidance, interaction and acceptance. These situation‐specific strategies provide useful knowledge, in terms of multidisciplinary rehabilitation and for patients' significant others.
Hybrid parallel multigrid preconditioner based on automatic mesh coarsening for 3D metal forming simulations
Authors: Vi Frederic , Mocellin Katia , Digonnet Hugues , Perchat Etienne , Fourment Lionel 
Published: January 2018

SummaryA parallel multigrid (MG) method is developed to reduce the large computational costs involved by the finite element simulation of highly viscous fluid flows, especially those resulting from metal forming applications, which are characterized by using a mixed velocity/pressure implicit formulation, unstructured meshes of tetrahedra, and frequent remeshings. The developed MG method follows a hybrid approach where the different levels of nonnested meshes are geometrically constructed by mesh coarsening, while the linear systems of the intermediate levels result from the Galerkin algebraic approach. A linear O(N) convergence rate is expected (with N being the number of unknowns), while keeping software parallel efficiency. These objectives lead to selecting unusual MG smoothers (iterative solvers) for the upper grid levels and to developing parallel mesh coarsening algorithms along with parallel transfer operators between the different levels of partitioned meshes. Within the utilized PETSc library, the developed MG method is employed as a preconditioner for the usual conjugate residual algorithm because of the symmetric undefinite matrix of the system to solve. It shows a convergence rate close to optimal, an excellent parallel efficiency, and the ability to handle the complex forming problems encountered in 3‐dimensional hot forging, which involve large material deformations and frequent remeshings.
Modifiable correlates of illness perceptions in adults with chronic somatic conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Arat Seher , De Cock Diederik , Moons Philip , Vandenberghe Joris , Westhovens René 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTWhen individuals become ill, they want to understand and give meaning to their illness. The interpretation of this illness experience, or illness perception, is influenced by a range of individual, contextual, and cultural factors. Some of these factors may be modifiable by nursing interventions. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate which modifiable factors were correlated with illness perceptions across studies of adults with different chronic somatic diseases. Using search terms tailored to each of four electronic databases, studies retrieved were reviewed by two independent evaluators, and each relevant article was assessed for methodological quality. Results were standardized by calculating correlation coefficients. Fifteen papers on illness perceptions in a variety of chronic diseases met the inclusion criteria. All used standardized measures of illness perceptions. We identified five groups of modifiable correlates of illness perceptions: illness‐related factors, psychosocial factors, medication beliefs, information provision and satisfaction with information received, and quality of care. Our findings add to the knowledge of modifiable factors correlated with illness perceptions, including the importance of illness‐related factors and psychosocial factors such as anxiety and depression. Knowledge of these correlates can facilitate understanding of patients' illness perceptions and might be useful in tailoring patient education programs.
Associations of Sodium and Potassium with Obesity Measures Among Diverse US Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Elfassy Tali , Mossavar‐Rahmani Yasmin , Van Horn Linda , Gellman Marc , Sotres‐Alvarez Daniela , Schneiderman Neil , Daviglus Martha , Beasley Jeannette M , Llabre Maria M. , Shaw Pamela A. , Prado Guillermo , Florez Hermes , Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate cross‐sectional associations of sodium and potassium with BMI, waist circumference (WC), and body fat and to determine whether the nativity and/or duration of United States (US) residence modified these associations.MethodsSodium and potassium were derived from 24‐hour diet recalls from 16,156 US participants of the 2008 to 2011 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and from 24‐hour urine in 447 HCHS/SOL participants. BMI, WC, and body fat were measured.ResultsDietary sodium that was 500 mg/d higher was cross‐sectionally associated with a 0.07‐kg/m2 higher BMI (P < 0.05) and a 0.18‐cm larger WC (P = 0.04). Dietary potassium that was 500 mg/d higher was only associated with lower BMI and smaller WC among those who were foreign‐born with 10 + years in the US (−0.13 kg/m2, P < 0.01 and −0.36 cm, P = 0.01, respectively) and among those who were US‐born (−0.62 kg/m2, P < 0.01 and −1.42 cm, P < 0.01, respectively). Urinary sodium that was 500 mg/d higher was associated with a 0.27‐kg/m2 higher BMI (P < 0.01) and 0.54 kg more body fat (P < 0.01).ConclusionsSodium intake was associated with higher BMI, WC, and body fat. Potassium intake was associated with lower BMI and smaller WC among US‐born participants and participants with a longer duration of US residence.
Optimal portfolio of continuous‐time mean‐variance model with futures and options
Authors: Yan Wei 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the portfolio selection of options that have different sale and purchase prices based on the continuous‐time mean‐variance criterion in financial markets. The optimal investment problem is formulated as a continuous‐time mathematical model. These price processes follow jump‐diffusion processes (the Weiner process and the Poisson process). With the theory of stochastic linear‐quadratic control and viscosity solutions, the corresponding Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation of the problem is represented and its solutions are obtained in different conditions. The optimal investment strategies are presented. In addition, the efficient frontier is also illustrated. Finally, an example and some discussions illustrating these results are also presented.
Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness and microwave absorption properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/montmorillonite‐polypyrrole nanocomposites
Authors: Ramoa Sílvia D. A. S. , Barra Guilherme M. O. , Merlini Claudia , Livi Sébastien , Soares Bluma G. , Pegoretti Alessandro 
Published: January 2018

In this work, thermoplastic polyurethane‐filled montmorillonite‐polypyrrole (TPU/Mt‐PPy) was prepared through melt mixing process for using in electromagnetic shielding applications. The effect of conducting filler content and type, sample thickness, and X‐band frequency range on the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and EMI attenuation mechanism was investigated. A comparative study of electrical and microwave absorption properties of TPU/Mt‐PPy nanocomposites and TPU/PPy blends was also reported. The total EMI SE average and electrical conductivity of all Mt‐PPy.Cl or Mt‐PPy.DBSA nanocomposites are higher than those found for TPU/PPy.Cl and TPU/PPy.DBSA blends. This behavior was attributed to the higher aspect ratio and better dispersion of the nanostructured Mt‐PPy when compared with neat PPy. Moreover, the presence of Mt‐PPy into TPU matrix increases absorption loss (SEA) mechanism, contributing to increase EMI SE. The total EMI SE values of nanocomposites containing 30 wt% of Mt‐PPy.DBSA with 2 and 5 mm thickness were approximately 16.6 and approximately 36.5 dB, respectively, corresponding to the total EMI of 98% (75% by absorption) and 99.9% (88% by absorption). These results highlight that the nanocomposites studied are promising materials for electromagnetic shielding applications.
Effectiveness of antibacterial prophylaxis during induction chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sulis M.L. , Blonquist T.M. , Stevenson K.E. , Hunt S.K. , Kay‐Green S. , Athale U.H. , Clavell L.A. , Cole P.D. , Kelly K.M. , Laverdiere C. , Leclerc J.M. , Michon B. , Schorin M.A. , Welch J.G. , Neuberg D.S. , Sallan S.E. , Silverman L.B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPediatric patients receiving induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at high risk of developing life‐threatening infections. We investigated whether uniform antibacterial guidelines, including mandatory antibacterial prophylaxis in afebrile patients during induction, decreases the incidence of microbiologically documented bacteremia.MethodsBetween 2012 and 2015, 230 patients with newly diagnosed ALL (aged 1–21) were enrolled on Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium Protocol 11‐001 (DFCI 11‐001). Induction therapy, regardless of risk group, included vincristine, prednisone, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and PEG‐asparaginase. Afebrile patients received fluoroquinolone prophylaxis at the initiation of induction and those presenting with fever received broad‐spectrum antibiotics; antibiotics were continued until blood count recovery. Rates of documented bacteremias and fungal infections on DFCI 11‐001 were compared to those on the predecessor protocol (DFCI 05‐001), which included the same induction phase without antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines.ResultsSixty‐six (28.7%) patients received fluoroquinolone prophylaxis, the remaining patients received broad‐spectrum antibiotics. Twenty‐four (36.4%) patients on prophylaxis developed fever and seven (10.6%) developed bacteremia. The overall rate of infection during induction on DFCI 11‐001 was lower than on DFCl 05‐001 (14.3% vs. 26.3%, P < 0.0001) due to a decreased rate of bacteremia (10.9% vs. 24.4%, P < 0.0001). The rate of fungal infections (4.8% vs. 3.6%) and induction death (0.9% vs. 2%) was not significantly different.ConclusionFor children with newly diagnosed ALL, uniform antibiotic administration until blood count recovery, including fluoroquinolone prophylaxis for afebrile patients, reduced the incidence of bacteremia during the induction phase. Larger, randomized studies should be performed to confirm these findings.
Proper use of social media by health operators in the pediatric oncohematological setting: Consensus statement from the Italian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Association (AIEOP)
Authors: Clerici Carlo Alfredo , Quarello Paola , Bergadano Anna , Veneroni Laura , Bertolotti Marina , Guadagna Paola , Ricci Angelo , Galdi Andrea , Fagioli Franca , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSocial media are powerful means of communication that can also have an important role in the healthcare sector. They are sometimes seen with diffidence in the healthcare setting, partly because they risk blurring professional boundaries. This issue is particularly relevant to relations between caregivers and adolescent patients. The Italian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Association created a multidisciplinary working group to develop some shared recommendations on this issue. After reviewing the literature, the working group prepared a consensus statement in an effort to suggest an analytical approach rather than restrictive rules.
Conflict of interest related to clinical practice is underreported: The case of noninvasive prenatal testing
Authors: Wolfberg Adam J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAuthors of policy statements from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and from the Society for Maternal‐Fetal Medicine do not acknowledge the potential for their clinical income to influence their opinions, or the positions of the societies they represent. These policy statements were published in Obstetrics and Gynecology and the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, again, without acknowledgment of the potential for conflict of interest. The case of noninvasive prenatal testing, which has threatened the role of maternal‐fetal medicine in the practice of prenatal screening and diagnosis, and has significantly reduced the demand for invasive prenatal diagnosis, illustrates the importance of identifying this potential conflict.
ACOG and SMFM guidelines for prenatal diagnosis: Is karyotyping really sufficient?
Authors: Hay Sara B. , Sahoo Trilochan , Travis Mary K. , Hovanes Karine , Dzidic Natasa , Doherty Charles , Strecker Michelle N. 
Published: January 2018

What's already known about this topic?

Current professional guidelines regarding the use of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) versus karyotyping in prenatal diagnosis support CMA over karyotype only when fetal structural abnormalities are present.
Examination of the clinical utility of these guidelines, given advances in microarray technology and prenatal screening, is largely unaddressed.
What does this study add?

This study demonstrates the diagnostic superiority of CMA by SNP microarray compared with karyotyping for prenatal diagnosis, regardless of the clinical indication for testing.
Tamsulosin and the risk of dementia in older men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Duan Yinghui , Grady James J. , Albertsen Peter C. , Helen Wu Z. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeClinicians use tamsulosin, an α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist, to manage symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Because α1‐adrenoceptors are also present in the brain, the potential exists for adverse effects on cognitive functions. We explored the association between tamsulosin use and dementia risk.MethodsWe used Medicare data (2006–2012) to conduct a cohort study among patients aged ≥65 years and diagnosed with BPH. Men taking tamsulosin (n = 253 136) were matched at a 1:1 ratio using propensity‐scores to each of 6 comparison cohorts: patients who used no BPH‐medication (n = 180 926), and patients who used the following alternative‐BPH‐medications: doxazosin (n = 28 581), terazosin (n = 23 858), alfuzosin (n = 17 934), dutasteride (n = 34 027), and finasteride (n = 38 767). Assessment began following the first fill of BPH‐medication to identify incident dementia by ICD‐9 diagnosis codes. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dementia using Cox proportional hazard regression for each of the 6 propensity‐score‐matched cohort‐pairs.ResultsThe median follow‐up period for all cohorts was 19.8 months. After propensity‐score matching, the tamsulosin cohort had an incidence of dementia of 31.3/1000 person‐years compared with only 25.9/1000 person‐years in the no‐BPH‐medication cohort. The risk of dementia was significantly higher in the tamsulosin cohort, when compared with the no‐BPH‐medication cohort (HR [95% CI]: 1.17 [1.14, 1.21]) and each of the alternative‐BPH‐medication cohorts: doxazosin (1.20 [1.12, 1.28]), terazosin (1.11 [1.04, 1.19]), alfuzosin (1.12 [1.03, 1.22]), dutasteride (1.26 [1.19, 1.34]), and finasteride (1.13 [1.07, 1.19]). The significance of these findings persisted in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionTamsulosin may increase the risk of dementia in older men with BPH.
Considerations for Optimal Blood Pressure Goals in the Elderly Population: A Review of Emergent Evidence
Authors: Cao Diana X. , Tran Rebecca J. C. 
Published: January 2018

Recent hypertension clinical trials and national guideline updates have created a debate on the most appropriate treatment goals in elderly patients with hypertension. In 2014, recommendations by the Eighth Joint National Committee allowed a more lenient goal for patients 60 years and older compared with previous guidelines. Since then, several large clinical trials and meta‐analyses have added more information regarding strict versus lenient treatment goals. Most recently, the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Task Force published their highly anticipated hypertension guideline developed in conjunction with nine additional interdisciplinary organizations. This review discusses the culmination of emerging data to provide more insight into the treatment of hypertension in the elderly. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, the Cochrane database, and by hand‐searching references from relevant articles. The following key terms were used: hypertension, blood pressure, systolic, and elderly. Available literature suggests that it is reasonable to target an office systolic blood pressure of less than 130 mm Hg in elderly patients with hypertension. An individualized approach is reasonable for those who are institutionalized, with high comorbidity burden, or have a short life expectancy. A diastolic blood pressure of less than 60 mm Hg should be avoided due to the potential for an increase in cardiovascular risk. The method of blood pressure measurement is extremely important to consider when determining the blood pressure goal, and proper procedures for accurate blood pressure measurement must be followed. Other factors important to consider may include the patient's comorbidities, frailty, as well as the patient's potential for adverse drug reactions.