bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell shape characterization and classification with discrete Fourier transforms and self‐organizing maps
Authors: Kriegel Fabian L. , Köhler Ralf , Bayat‐Sarmadi Jannike , Bayerl Simon , Hauser Anja E. , Niesner Raluca , Luch Andreas , Cseresnyes Zoltan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCells in their natural environment often exhibit complex kinetic behavior and radical adjustments of their shapes. This enables them to accommodate to short‐ and long‐term changes in their surroundings under physiological and pathological conditions. Intravital multi‐photon microscopy is a powerful tool to record this complex behavior. Traditionally, cell behavior is characterized by tracking the cells' movements, which yields numerous parameters describing the spatiotemporal characteristics of cells. Cells can be classified according to their tracking behavior using all or a subset of these kinetic parameters. This categorization can be supported by the a priori knowledge of experts. While such an approach provides an excellent starting point for analyzing complex intravital imaging data, faster methods are required for automated and unbiased characterization. In addition to their kinetic behavior, the 3D shape of these cells also provide essential clues about the cells' status and functionality. New approaches that include the study of cell shapes as well may also allow the discovery of correlations amongst the track‐ and shape‐describing parameters. In the current study, we examine the applicability of a set of Fourier components produced by Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) as a tool for more efficient and less biased classification of complex cell shapes. By carrying out a number of 3D‐to‐2D projections of surface‐rendered cells, the applied method reduces the more complex 3D shape characterization to a series of 2D DFTs. The resulting shape factors are used to train a Self‐Organizing Map (SOM), which provides an unbiased estimate for the best clustering of the data, thereby characterizing groups of cells according to their shape. We propose and demonstrate that such shape characterization is a powerful addition to, or a replacement for kinetic analysis. This would make it especially useful in situations where live kinetic imaging is less practical or not possible at all. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Genetic differentiation and spatiotemporal history of diploidy and tetraploidy of Clintonia udensis
Authors: He Juan , Wang Shengnan , Li Jia , Fan Zelu , Liu Xin , Wang Yiling 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPolyploidy is an important factor shaping the geographic range of a species. Clintonia udensis (Clintonia) is a primary perennial herb widely distributed in China with two karyotypic characteristics—diploid and tetraploid and thereby used to understand the ploidy and distribution. This study unraveled the patterns of genetic variation and spatiotemporal history among the cytotypes of C. udensis using simple sequence repeat or microsatellites. The results showed that the diploids and tetraploids showed the medium level of genetic differentiation; tetraploid was slightly lower than diploid in genetic diversity; recurrent polyploidization seems to have opened new possibilities for the local genotype; the spatiotemporal history of C. udensis allows tracing the interplay of polyploidy evolution; isolated and different ecological surroundings could act as evolutionary capacitors, preserve distinct karyological, and genetic diversity. The approaches of integrating genetic differentiation and spatiotemporal history of diploidy and tetraploidy of Clintonia udens would possibly provide a powerful way to understand the ploidy and plant distribution and undertaken in similar studies in other plant species simultaneously contained the diploid and tetraploid.
The Study of Ultrasound‐Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of Oil From Peanut Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Haji Heidari Samira , Taghian Dinani Somayeh 
Published: October 2017

The present study evaluates the suitability of ultrasound pretreatment in n‐hexane solvent as well as enzymatic treatment with cellulase enzyme to extract oil from peanut seed powders. To optimize this process, the effects of ultrasonic time (0–70 min), cellulase enzyme concentration (0–2%) and pH (4–5.5) are investigated on peanut oil extraction yield (EY) as well as the quality attributes of the extracted oil containing total phenolic content (TPC), peroxide value (PV), and color parameters of L, a, and b using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum condition of ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic extraction using n‐hexane solvent (UAEE) is found as ultrasonic pretreatment time of 33.23 min, cellulase concentration of 1.47%, and pH of 4.61 before incubation process at temperature of 56 °C for 120 min. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) represented considerable interspaces, holes, and porous structure of peanut meal after optimal UAEE treatment compared to that after shaking incubation extraction using n‐hexane solvent (SIE). It is found that the peanut oil extracted by optimal UAEE treatment had considerable high levels of L color parameter and TPC and significantly more EY and b color parameters than those extracted by SIE, ultrasound‐assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction (UAAEE), and aqueous shaking incubation extraction (ASIE) treatments.Practical Applications: This paper describes an innovative oil extraction method of ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic process using n‐hexane solvent. This new extraction technique makes it possible to increase the extraction yield, total phenolic content, and yellowness of extracted peanut oil. The results illustrated that ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic extraction using n‐hexane solvent method was a far more efficient extracting technique than the individual shaking incubation extraction using n‐hexane solvent, ultrasound‐ assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction and aqueous shaking incubation extraction treatments and would be a promising alternative for conventional oil extraction techniques.Comparison of two treatments of optimal ultrasound‐enzymatic extraction and individual shaking incubation extraction of oil from peanut seed powders.
MS2 and Qβ bacteriophages reveal the contribution of surface hydrophobicity on the mobility of non‐enveloped icosahedral viruses in SDS‐based capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Sautrey Guillaume , Brié Adrien , Gantzer Christophe , Walcarius Alain 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSDS is commonly employed as BGE additive in CZE analysis of non‐enveloped icosahedral viruses. But the way by which SDS interacts with the surface of such viruses remains to date poorly known, making complicate to understand their behavior during a run. In this article, two related bacteriophages, MS2 and Qβ, are used as model to investigate the migration mechanism of non‐enveloped icosahedral viruses in SDS‐based CZE. Both phages are characterized by similar size and surface charge but significantly different surface hydrophobicity (Qβ > MS2, where ‘>’ means ‘more hydrophobic than’). By comparing their electrophoretic mobility in the presence or not of SDS on both sides of the CMC, we show that surface hydrophobicity of phages is a key factor influencing their mobility and that SDS‐virus association is driven by hydrophobic interactions at the surface of virions. The CZE analyses of heated MS2 particles, which over‐express hydrophobic domains at their surface, confirm this finding. The correlations between the present results and others from the literature suggest that the proposed mechanism might not be exclusive to the bacteriophages examined here.
Predictive model for site specific simulation of ground motions based on earthquake scenarios
Authors: Vlachos Christos , Papakonstantinou Konstantinos G. , Deodatis George 
Published: October 2017

SummaryA predictive stochastic model is developed based on regression relations that inputs a given earthquake scenario description and outputs seismic ground acceleration time histories at a site of interest. A bimodal parametric non‐stationary Kanai‐Tajimi (K‐T) ground motion model lies at the core of the proposed predictive model. The functional forms that describe the temporal evolution of the K‐T model parameters can effectively represent strong non‐stationarities of the ground motion. Fully non‐stationary ground motion time histories can be generated through the powerful Spectral Representation Method. A Californian subset of the available NGA‐West2 database is used to develop and calibrate the predictive model. Samples of the model parameters are obtained by fitting the K‐T model to the database records, and the resulting marginal distributions of the model parameters are efficiently described by standard probability models. The samples are translated to the standard normal space and linear random‐effect regression models are established relating the transformed normal parameters to the commonly used earthquake scenario defining predictors: moment magnitude Mw, closest‐to‐site distance Rrup, and average shear‐wave velocity
at a site of interest. The random‐effect terms in the developed regression models can effectively model the correlation among ground motions of the same earthquake event, in parallel to taking into account the location‐dependent effects of each site. For validation purposes, simulated acceleration time histories based on the proposed predictive model are compared with recorded ground motions. In addition, the median and median plus/minus one standard deviation elastic response spectra of synthetic ground motions, pertaining to a variety of different earthquake scenarios, are compared to the associated response spectra computed by the NGA‐West2 ground motion prediction equations and found to be in excellent agreement.
Inconsistent reproductive isolation revealed by interactions betweenCatostomusfish species
Authors: Mandeville Elizabeth G. , Parchman Thomas L. , Thompson Kevin G. , Compton Robert I. , Gelwicks Kevin R. , Song Se Jin , Buerkle C. Alex 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInteractions between species are central to evolution and ecology, but we do not know enough about how outcomes of interactions between species vary across geographic locations, in heterogeneous environments, or over time. Ecological dimensions of interactions between species are known to vary, but evolutionary interactions such as the establishment and maintenance of reproductive isolation are often assumed to be consistent across instances of an interaction between species. Hybridization among Catostomus fish species occurs over a large and heterogeneous geographic area and across taxa with distinct evolutionary histories, which allows us to assess consistency in species interactions. We analyzed hybridization among six Catostomus species across the Upper Colorado River basin (US mountain west) and found extreme variation in hybridization across locations. Different hybrid crosses were present in different locations, despite similar species assemblages. Within hybrid crosses, hybridization varied from only first generation hybrids to extensive hybridization with backcrossing. Variation in hybridization outcomes might result from uneven fitness of hybrids across locations, polymorphism in genetic incompatibilities, chance, unidentified historical contingencies, or some combination thereof. Our results suggest caution in assuming that one or a few instances of hybridization represent all interactions between the focal species, as species interactions vary substantially across locations.
Temperature distribution of the straight bar, fixed into a heated plane surface
Authors: Turzó Gábor , Száva Ildikó Renata , Gálfi Botond‐Pál , Száva Ioan , Vlase Sorin , Hoța Holger 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe authors present the first stage of their theoretical and experimental investigations focused on the fire protection of the steel structures using intumescent paint. In this initial stage, their results concerning the temperature distribution law (the theoretical law is validated by effective meticulously conducted measurements) are described. Their original testing bench destined to perform high‐accuracy monitoring of the temperature distribution along straight bars, having a given αg angular positioning with respect to the vertical direction is also described. By involving this testing bench in meticulously conducted experiments, the authors obtained both the effective temperature distribution along the bars and also validated the theoretical (exponential) thermal distribution law. By searching experiments, they also validate the m = const. hypothesis with respect to the massive cross‐sectional bars. Among their further goals, one can mention the searching experimental analysis on the validity of the m = const. hypothesis for the tubular cross‐sectional bars, followed by a combined experimental and numerical analysis of the 2‐D and 3‐D (unprotected and protected with intumescent paint layer) structures, as well as the paint layer's thickness optimisation, too.
On the testing of Hardy‐Weinberg proportions and equality of allele frequencies in males and females at biallelic genetic markers
Authors: Graffelman Jan , Weir Bruce S. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTStandard statistical tests for equality of allele frequencies in males and females and tests for Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium are tightly linked by their assumptions. Tests for equality of allele frequencies assume Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium, whereas the usual chi‐square or exact test for Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium assume equality of allele frequencies in the sexes. In this paper, we propose ways to break this interdependence in assumptions of the two tests by proposing an omnibus exact test that can test both hypotheses jointly, as well as a likelihood ratio approach that permits these phenomena to be tested both jointly and separately. The tests are illustrated with data from the 1000 Genomes project.
Family members' strategies as allies during naturalistic polyadic family conflicts
Authors: Persram Ryan J. , Howe Nina , Leach Jamie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the strategies used by family members as allies during naturalistic polyadic family conflicts (i.e., involving at least three family members). Thirty‐nine families with two children (aged 4 and 6 years) were observed in the home setting. Employing transcripts of their interactions, emergent coding revealed five strategies used by allies: (a) social rule understanding, (b) control, (c) informational, (d) simple (e.g., dismissive), and (e) elaborate (e.g., proposals). Overall, both parents and children used control and informational strategies most often. Parents used each of the five strategies more often than both children, but control and informational strategies were predominant. Similarly, when older siblings assumed the ally role, they preferred control strategies, whereas younger siblings used informational strategies most frequently. The results emphasize the role of family members as allies during conflicts at home and are discussed in relation to parents' and children's cognitive awareness and learning of such strategies.Highlights

This paper examines the strategies employed by family members as allies during naturalistic polyadic conflicts (i.e., involving three or more family members).
Families were observed at home. Parents and children preferred control and informational strategies, suggesting a social learning component during conflicts.
Children's involvement as allies highlights their awareness of alliances and the diverse array of strategies associated with this role.
From Absence to Affordances: Integrating Old and New Literacies in School‐Based Instruction for English Learners
Authors: Li Guofang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractImmigrant youths’ frequent and skillful use of new media technologies outside of school has generated discussion on the need to integrate their expertise in formal literacy instruction in school. This commentary argues that braiding old and new literacies for English learners in empowering ways needs to be guided by a connection to the future (new literacies for social and academic purposes) and a link to the old (traditional print literacy skills). Such a dual focus is necessary to develop an integrated pedagogical design that engages learners in using the new tools for acquiring both new and old literacy skills. Active facilitation of transmediation between social and academic purposes of new literacies and between old and new literacies relies on both explicit instruction of higher level thinking skills and literacy strategies for online and offline engagement and teacher expert scaffolding of applications of these skills in meaningful learning tasks.
Potential cow milk xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activity of selected phenolic acid derivatives
Authors: Nile Shivraj Hariram , Keum Young Soo , Nile Arti Shivraj , Kwon Young Deuk , Kim Doo Hwan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractXanthine oxidase (XO) found in all mammals and excess activity leads to urolithiasis. The cow milk XO was purified to 305‐fold with a specific activity of 8.76 EU/mg and overall yield of 87% by using DEAE‐Sepharose chromatography. The phenolics showed potent XO inhibitory effect with Ki, P1 (0.412), P2 (0.632), P3 (0.585), P4 (0.886), P5 (1.633), P6 (0.503), P7 (2.882), P8 (3.761), P9 (4.487), and P10 (5.841) μM. The phenolics P9 and P10 exhibited uncompetitive inhibition; the phenolics P1, P2, P3, P4, and P6 showed competitive inhibition, and other phenolic acids showed noncompetitive inhibition. The studied phenolic compounds showed potent antioxidant activity and expressed as EC50, ranged from, DPPH (4.2–25.8 μg mL–1), ABTS (10.2–42.5 mmol TE 100 g–1), and FRAP (6.3–36.8 mol Fe (II) 100 g–1). The results obtained from this study might be utilized for design of XO inhibitors and as antigout agent.
Retracted: HOXA3 promotes tumor growth of human colon cancer through activating EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Xianxiang , Liu Guangwei , Ding Lei , Jiang Tao , Shao Shihong , Gao Yuan , Lu Yun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHomeobox A3 (HOXA3), one of HOX transcription factors, regulates gene expression during embryonic development. HOXA3 expression has been reported to be associated with several cancers; however, its role in colon cancer and underlying mechanism are still unclear. The expression of HOXA3 in 232 paired of human colon tumor and adjacent non‐tumorous tissues were measured by qPCR. The relationship between HOXA3 expression and clinical outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan‐Meier survival curves analysis. Human colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HTC116 were transfected with HOXA3 siRNA, or HOXA3 expressing vector, and then cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed, respectively. Western blot was performed to detect the activation of EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Moreover, HOXA3‐overexpressing and HOXA3‐suppressing HT29 cells were subcutaneous injected into nod mice to confirm the regulation of HOXA3 on EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in regulating tumor growth. HOXA3 was upregulated in colon tumor tissues and cell lines, and upregulated expression of HOXA3 was associated with low survival rate. Knockdown of HOXA3 suppressed cell viability and clone formation, while induced cell apoptosis. HOXA3 knockdown could not induce the increase of cell apoptosis on the condition of EGFR overexpression. In vivo xenograft studies, HOXA3‐suppressing cells showed less tumorigenic. Moreover, HOXA3 knockdown suppressed the activation of EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. To conclude, this study indicated that HOXA3 might act as a promoter of human colon cancer formation by regulating EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. HOXA3 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of colon cancer.
Retracted: MicroRNA‐381‐induced down‐regulation of CXCR4 promotes the proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells in rat models of renal ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Zheng Gui‐Hong , Wen Xin , Wang Yong‐Jian , Han Xin‐Rui , Shan Qun , Li Wang , Zhao Tian , Wu Dong‐Mei , Lu Jun , Zheng Yuan‐Lin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study aims to explore whether microRNA‐381 (miR‐381) mediating CXCR4 affects the renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) of renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Forty‐eight rats were assigned into the I/R (n = 24, successfully established as I/R model) and sham (n = 24) groups. After collecting kidney tissues, immunohistochemistry, and microvascular density (MVD) counting were conducted for CXCR4 positive expression and MVD numbers. RTECs were assigned into the sham, blank, negative control (NC), miR‐381 mimics, miR‐381 inhibitor, si‐CXCR4, and miR‐381 inhibitor + si‐CXCR4 groups. RT‐qPCR and Western blotting were performed for relative expressions in tissues and cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Results showed that compared with the sham group, positive expression of CXCR4 and MVD number were higher in the I/R group, which exhibited decreased miR‐381 and increased expression of CXCR4, stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1α) and Tie‐2. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay verified that CXCR4 is a target gene of miR‐381. MiR‐381 expression was lower in the miR‐381 inhibitor + si‐CXCR4 and miR‐381 inhibitor groups and higher in the miR‐381 mimics group than the blank and NC groups. Compared with the blank and NC groups, the miR‐381 mimics and si‐CXCR4 groups exhibited higher cell proliferation but lower cell apoptosis and expression of CXCR4, SDF1, VEGF, HIF‐1α, and Tie‐2, whereas the miR‐381 inhibitor group exhibited the opposite trend. In conclusion, miR‐381 may promote RTEC proliferation in rats with renal I/R injury by down‐regulating CXCR4.
Lipase production by solid‐state fermentation of olive pomace in tray‐type and pressurized bioreactors
Authors: Oliveira Felisbela , Salgado José Manuel , Pérez‐Rodríguez Noelia , Domínguez José Manuel , Venâncio Armando , Belo Isabel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDBioreactor type, sterilization and specific operational conditions are key factors for the scale‐up of solid‐state fermentation (SSF). This work deals with the lipase production by SSF of olive pomace (OP) in traditional tray‐type and pressurized bioreactors. Important aspects of SSF in bioreactors were studied, such as the need for sterilization and moisture content (MC) control.RESULTSAt larger scale, there was no significant difference in lipase production between sterilized and unsterilized substrates, but MC control had significant impact. The production of lipase in a pressurized bioreactor, under air absolute pressure of 200 kPa and 400 kPa, was 2‐fold higher than in a tray‐type bioreactor using the same amount of substrate (500 g) and the same bed height. The protein content of substrate increased from 10 to 18% (w/w) after SSF and the fermented solid presented an antioxidant activity of 10 mmol Trolox kg‐1.CONCLUSIONSSSF in a pressurized bioreactor enabled efficient production of lipase with higher substrate bed height in contrast to that in a tray‐type bioreactor. The improvement in nutritional value of the substrate by SSF indicates its potential applicability in animal feed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry