bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Synthesis of Functionalized 1,6‐Naphthyridines and Their in vitro Antiinflammatory and Antioxidant Efficacies.
Authors: Lavanya Mallu , Thirumalai Dhakshanamurthy , Asharani Indira Viswambaran , Aravindan P. Gopal 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTitle compounds (IV) are efficiently synthesized through a one‐pot three‐component reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Di‐tert‐Butyl Peroxide‐Mediated Atom‐Transfer Radical Addition of 2‐Chlorodithiane to Aryl Alkynes under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Lai Junshan , Tian Lixia , Liang Yongping , Zhang Yuan , Xie Xingang , Fang Bowen , Tang Shouchu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAlkynes (I) and (VI) undergo a radical type 1,2‐addition reaction with 2‐chlorodithiane (II) in the presence of di‐tert‐butylperoxide as the oxidant to give β‐chloro‐(Z)‐vinyl dithianes.
ChemInform Abstract: Easy Access to 1H‐Pyrrolo[3′,4′:5,6]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4,6,8(3H,7H)‐tetraone and Selectively N7‐Substituted Analogues Through Key Synthons.
Authors: Tourteau Aurelien , Merlet Eric , Bontemps Alexis , Leland Mathilde , Helissey Philippe , Giorgi‐Renault Sylviane , Desbene‐Finck Stephanie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFor the synthesis of the title tetraone, the new synthon, pyrrole (VI), is developed and treated with 6‐amino‐uracil under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐ and 7‐Membered N‐Heterocycles Using α‐Phenylvinylsulfonium Salts.
Authors: Matlock Johnathan V. , Svejstrup Thomas D. , Songara Pradip , Overington Sarah , McGarrigle Eoghan M. , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStarting from N‐sulfonyl protected 1,2‐ or 1,2‐amino alcohols as well as 1,2‐ or 1,3‐diamines and an α‐phenylvinylsulfonium salt a practical route to substituted morpholines, piperazines, azepines, and oxazepines is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted, Multicomponent, Ecofriendly Synthesis of 3‐Bihetaryl‐2‐oxindole Derivatives Grafted with Phenothiazine Moiety.
Authors: Al‐Bogami A. S. , El‐Ahl A. S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSimple and ecofriendly synthesis of a variety of 3‐bihetaryl‐2‐oxindoles incorporating various interesting heterocyclic pharmacophores (phenothiazine, pyrrole, triazole moieties) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Linear and V‐Shaped Alkynyl‐1,3,5‐triazines.
Authors: Gao Peisen , Wang Zhenhua , Wang Xiu , Zhang Weiqiang , Gao Ziwei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe title triazines are obtained by sequential substitution of the 2‐ and 4‐chloro groups of 2,4‐dichloro‐1,3,5‐triazines by regioselective Sonogashira coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Aminoboration of Unfunctionalized Olefins.
Authors: Yang Chun‐Hua , Zhang Yu‐Shi , Fan Wen‐Wen , Liu Gong‐Qing , Li Yue‐Ming 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntramolecular aminoborylation of sulfonamide substrates by reaction with BCl3 provides boronic acids, which are directly converted into the corresponding boronates.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Functionalization at Sterically Congested Positions by the Platinum‐Catalyzed Borylation of Arenes.
Authors: Furukawa Takayuki , Tobisu Mamoru , Chatani Naoto 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNovel platinum complexes ligated with ICy or IPr are developed and utilized as effective catalysts for the C—H borylation of various arenes and heteroarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Approach to cis‐Phlegmarine Alkaloids via Stereodivergent Reduction: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Serratezomine E and Putative Structure of (‐)‐Huperzine N.
Authors: Bosch Caroline , Fiser Bela , Gomez‐Bengoa Enrique , Bradshaw Ben , Bonjoch Josep 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBased on the executed total syntheses the structure of natural huperzine N is reassigned to (III), a diastereomer of (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Spiroscytalin, a New Tetramic Acid and Other Metabolites of Mixed Biogenesis from Scytalidium cuboideum.
Authors: Sy‐Cordero Arlene A. , Figueroa Mario , Raja Huzefa A. , Meza Avina Maria Elena , Croatt Mitchell P. , Adcock Audrey F. , Kroll David J. , Wani Mansukh C. , Pearce Cedric J. , Oberlies Nicholas H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCompound (I) is shown to exhibit moderate antitumoric activity and no antimicrobial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Pontemazines A and B, Phenazine Derivatives Containing a Methylamine Linkage from Streptomyces sp. UT1123 and Their Protective Effect to HT‐22 Neuronal Cells.
Authors: Cha Jin Wook , Lee Seung Il , Kim Min Cheol , Thida Mya , Lee Jae Wook , Park Jin‐Soo , Kwon Hak Cheol 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPontemazines A (Ia) and B (Ib) possess a neuronal cell protective effect on glutamate‐induced mouse hippocampal HT‐22 cell damage.
ChemInform Abstract: The Ta—Si System: Reevaluation of the Liquid Compositions in the Invariant Reactions and Determination of the Invariant Reaction Involving Both β‐Ta5Si3 and α‐Ta5Si3 Phases
Authors: Pinto da Silva Antonio Augusto Araujo , Ramos Erika Coaglia Trindade , Faria Maria Ismenia Sodero Toledo , Coelho Gilberto Carvalho , Nunes Carlos Angelo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractReview: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Asymmetric Claisen Rearrangement Promoted by Chiral Organometallic Lewis Acids or Organic Bronsted‐Lowry Acids
Authors: Rodrigues Tiago Costa Alves Fontoura , Silva Wender Alves , Machado Angelo Henrique Lira 
Published: February 2016

AbstractReview: 45 refs.
Transesterification of palm oil in a microtube reactor
Authors: Kaewchada Amaraporn , Pungchaicharn Siriluck , Jaree Attasak 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTransesterification of palm oil and methanol with KOH as a catalyst in biodiesel synthesis was studied in a microtube reactor. The first part is the investigation on the influences of catalyst amount (5–13 mg/g, 0.5–1.3 mass%), reaction temperature (52–70 °C), methanol‐to‐oil molar ratio (4.5:1–9:1), and residence time (5–20 s) on fatty acid methyl ester content (%FAME). The optimal %FAME of 97.14 % was achieved with the catalyst amount of 10 mg/g (1 mass%), operating at 60 °C, and using a methanol‐to‐oil molar ratio of 6:1 and a residence time of 5 s. High %FAME was obtained at low residence time due to the small size of droplets in the micro‐channel reactor. The second part deals with the effect of mixer and reactor geometry. A comparison between %FAME obtained from the synthesis in a batch stirred‐tank reactor and in a microtube suggested that the reaction proceeded much faster for the latter. The use of a T‐mixer provided superior reaction performance compared to the J‐mixer throughout the conditions studied.
Stability Comparison of Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Zinc Oxide and Titania on Polymer Substrates
Authors: Dkhissi Yasmina , Meyer Steffen , Chen Dehong , Weerasinghe Hasitha C. , Spiccia Leone , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Caruso Rachel A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDevice scale‐up and long‐term stability constitute two major hurdles that the emerging perovskite solar technology will have to overcome before commercialization. Here, a comparative study was performed between ZnO and TiO2 electron‐selective layers, two materials that allow the low‐temperature processing of perovskite solar cells on polymer substrates. Although the use of TiO2 is well established on glass substrates, ZnO was chosen because it can be readily printed at low temperature and offers the potential for the large‐scale roll‐to‐roll manufacturing of flexible photovoltaics at a low cost. However, a rapid degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 was observed if it was deposited on ZnO, therefore, the influence of the perovskite film preparation conditions on its morphology and degradation kinetics was investigated. This study showed that CH3NH3PbI3 could withstand a higher temperature on TiO2 than ZnO and that TiO2‐based perovskite devices were more stable than their ZnO analogues.
Photocurrent in Multilayered Assemblies of Porphyrin–Fullerene Covalent Dyads: Evidence for Channels for Charge Transport
Authors: Konev Alexander S. , Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Levin Oleg V. , Lukyanov Daniil A. , Zorin Ivan M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSpecially designed porphyrin–fullerene dyads have been synthesized to verify literature predictions based on quantum chemistry calculations that certain porphyrin–fullerene dyads are able to self‐arrange into specific structures providing channels for charge transport in a bulk mass of organic compound. According to AFM and SEM data, the newly synthesized compounds were indeed prone to some kind of self‐arrangement, although to a lesser degree than was expected. A dispersion corrected DFT study of the molecular non‐covalent interactions performed at the DFT‐D3 (B3LYP, 6‐31G*) level of theory showed that the least energy corresponded to head‐to‐head dimers, with close contacts of porphyrin–porphyrin and fullerene–fullerene fragments, thus providing a unit building block of the channel for charge transport. Experimental proof for the existence of channels for charge transport was obtained by observing a photocurrent in a simple photovoltaic cell.
Metabolic syndrome and pre‐diabetes contribute to racial disparities in breast cancer outcomes: hypothesis and proposed pathways
Authors: Gallagher Emily J. , LeRoith Derek , Franco Rebeca , Antoniou Irini Markella , Nayak Anupma , Livaudais‐Toman Jennifer , Bickell Nina A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundWomen with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at greater risk of dying from breast cancer than women without these conditions. Obesity and T2D are associated with insulin resistance and endogenous hyperinsulinemia and are more common in Black women. There is increasing disparity in breast cancer mortality between Black and White women in the USA. We hypothesize that insulin resistance and endogenous hyperinsulinemia in Black women with breast cancer contribute to their greater breast cancer mortality and are associated with increased insulin receptor signalling in tumours.MethodsWe will recruit 350 Black women and 936 White women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. We will determine the presence or absence of the metabolic syndrome/pre‐diabetes and insulin resistance by measuring body mass index, waist circumference, lipids, blood pressure, glucose, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 and insulin. Breast cancer prognosis will be determined by a Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), with poor prognosis being defined as NPI >4.4. Tumour insulin receptor signalling will be determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin receptor subtype expression will be measured using Nanostring. Analysis of these factors will determine whether endogenous hyperinsulinemia is associated with a worse prognosis in Black women than White women and increased tumour insulin receptor signalling.ConclusionsThe results of this study will determine if the metabolic syndrome and pre‐diabetes contribute to racial disparities in breast cancer mortality. It may provide the basis for targeting systemic insulin resistance and/or tumour insulin receptor signalling to reduce racial disparities in breast cancer mortality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population structure and phylogeography of the Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) across the Scotia Arc
Authors: Levy Hila , Clucas Gemma V. , Rogers Alex D. , Leaché Adam D. , Ciborowski Kate L. , Polito Michael J. , Lynch Heather J. , Dunn Michael J. , Hart Tom 
Published: February 2016

AbstractClimate change, fisheries' pressure on penguin prey, and direct human disturbance of wildlife have all been implicated in causing large shifts in the abundance and distribution of penguins in the Southern Ocean. Without mark‐recapture studies, understanding how colonies form and, by extension, how ranges shift is challenging. Genetic studies, particularly focused on newly established colonies, provide a snapshot of colonization and can reveal the extent to which shifts in abundance and occupancy result from changes in demographic rates (e.g., reproduction and survival) or migration among suitable patches of habitat. Here, we describe the population structure of a colonial seabird breeding across a large latitudinal range in the Southern Ocean. Using multilocus microsatellite genotype data from 510 Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) individuals from 14 colonies along the Scotia Arc and Antarctic Peninsula, together with mitochondrial DNA data, we find strong genetic differentiation between colonies north and south of the Polar Front, that coincides geographically with the taxonomic boundary separating the subspecies P. p. papua and P. p. ellsworthii. Using a discrete Bayesian phylogeographic approach, we show that southern Gentoos expanded from a possible glacial refuge in the center of their current range, colonizing regions to the north and south through rare, long‐distance dispersal. Our findings show that this dispersal is important for new colony foundation and range expansion in a seabird species that ordinarily exhibits high levels of natal philopatry, though persistent oceanographic features serve as barriers to movement.
Vitally important – does early innate immunity predict recruitment and adult innate immunity?
Authors: Vermeulen Anke , Müller Wendt , Eens Marcel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe immune system is one of the most important adaptations that has evolved to protect animals from a wide range of pathogens they encounter from early life onwards. During the early developmental period this is particularly true for the innate immunity, as other components of the immune system are, as yet, poorly developed. But innate immunity may not only be crucial for early life survival, but may also have long‐lasting effects, for example if early life immunity reflects the functioning of the immune system as a whole. For this reason, we investigated the importance of four constitutive innate immune parameters (natural antibodies, complement activity, concentrations of haptoglobin, and concentrations of nitric oxide) for recruitment in free‐living great tits. We compared nestling immunity of recruits with nestling immunity of their nonrecruited siblings. We also investigated within individual consistency of these innate immune parameters for those individuals that recruited, which may be taken as a measure of immune capacity. In accordance with previous studies, we found a clear effect of tarsus length and a trend for body mass on the likelihood to recruit. Nevertheless, we found no evidence that higher levels of constitutive innate immunity as a nestling facilitated local recruitment. Furthermore, individual innate immunity was not consistent across life stages, that is to say, nestling immune parameters did not determine, or respectively, reflect adult innate immune parameters. This plasticity in innate immune components may explain why we did not find long‐lasting survival benefits.
Responses of plant biomass, photosynthesis and lipid peroxidation to warming and precipitation change in two dominant species (Stipa grandis and Leymus chinensis) from North China Grasslands
Authors: Song Xiliang , Wang Yuhui , Lv Xiaomin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInfluential factors of global change affect plant carbon uptake and biomass simultaneously. Although the effects from warming and precipitation change have been extensive studied separately, the responses of plant biomass, photosynthesis, and lipid peroxidation to the interaction of these factors are still not fully understood. In this study, we examined the physiological responses of two dominant plant species from grasslands of northern China with different functional traits to combinations of five simulated warming patterns and five simulated precipitation patterns in environment‐controlled chambers. Our results showed that the biomass, net CO2 assimilation rate (Pn), maximal efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm), and chlorophyll content (Chl) of Stipa grandis and Leymus chinensis were enhanced by moderate warming and plus precipitation, but they declined drastically with high temperature and drought. High temperature and drought also led to significant malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, which had a negative correlation with leaf biomass. The lower level of lipid peroxidation in leaves of S. grandis suggests that this species is better protected from oxidative damage under heat stress, drought stress and their interactive conditions than L. chinensis. Using the subordinate function values method, we found S. grandis to be more sensitive to climate change than L. chinensis and the gross biomass and root biomass of S. grandis and the leaf biomass of L. chinensis were most sensitive to climate change. Furthermore, the Pn of both S. grandis and L. chinensis had a significant linear relationship with Fv/Fm and Chl, indicating that carbon assimilation may be caused by nonstomatal limitations.
18S rRNA V9 metabarcoding for diet characterization: a critical evaluation with two sympatric zooplanktivorous fish species
Authors: Albaina Aitor , Aguirre Mikel , Abad David , Santos María , Estonba Andone 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe potential of the 18S rRNA V9 metabarcoding approach for diet assessment was explored using MiSeq paired‐end (PE; 2 × 150 bp) technology. To critically evaluate the method′s performance with degraded/digested DNA, the diets of two zooplanktivorous fish species from the Bay of Biscay, European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and European sprat (Sprattus sprattus), were analysed. The taxonomic resolution and quantitative potential of the 18S V9 metabarcoding was first assessed both in silico and with mock and field plankton samples. Our method was capable of discriminating species within the reference database in a reliable way providing there was at least one variable position in the 18S V9 region. Furthermore, it successfully discriminated diet between both fish species, including habitat and diel differences among sardines, overcoming some of the limitations of traditional visual‐based diet analysis methods. The high sensitivity and semi‐quantitative nature of the 18S V9 metabarcoding approach was supported by both visual microscopy and qPCR‐based results. This molecular approach provides an alternative cost and time effective tool for food‐web analysis.
Cyclative Cascades of Allenamides Derived from Amino Acids: Synthesis of Annulated Indoxyl Derivatives
Authors: Petkovic Milos , Nasufovic Veselin , Djukanovic Dimitrije , Vujosevic Zorana Tokic , Jadranin Milka , Matovic Radomir , Savic Vladimir 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAllenamides derived from amino acids participate in the cascade transformations catalyzed by Pd0 allowing consecutive formation of two five‐membered rings. The developed methodology provides an access to annulated indoles which can be transformed to functionalized indoxyl derivatives, retaining a structural motif embedded in several natural products.
Ligand‐ and Metal‐Driven Selection of Flexible Adaptive Dynamic Host Receptors
Authors: Zhang Yan , Legrand Yves‐Marie , van der Lee Arie , Barboiu Mihail 
Published: February 2016

AbstractChemical synthesis by design can produce a vast number of molecular structures, while dynamic constitutional synthesis by selection, leads to unexpected structures. The use of flexible components and a high number of bonds, usually gives access to polymeric systems or to unpredictable structures. For this reason, we prepared dynamic mixtures in which a reversibly binding trialdehyde and flexible PEG diamine building blocks assemble in the presence of or absence of templating metal ions. The dynamic exchanges in solution are robust enough to induce “ligand selection” with the formation of a cage and the precise quantitative “Ag+‐driven” selection with the formation of an interlocked cage and a twisted cage, amplified from the solution by a kinetically driven crystallization process.
Effects of Pyrolysis Atmosphere and Temperature on Coal Char Characteristics and Gasification Reactivity
Authors: Wang Qinhui , Zhang Rui , Luo Zhongyang , Fang Mengxiang , Cen Kefa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCoal chars are usually produced under complex atmospheres in industrial production. However, most of the research about char characteristics and gasification reactivity uses the coal char samples prepared under an inert atmosphere. In this study, the influences of the pyrolysis atmosphere and temperature on coal char characteristics and gasification reactivity were investigated. A Shanxi bituminous coal was pyrolyzed in a bubbling fluidized bed to produce char samples. A mixture of hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4) was used as simulated pyrolysis gas (SPG). The coal was pyrolyzed in the SPG and N2 atmospheres, respectively. SEM, Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy were used to study the influences of the pyrolysis atmosphere and temperature on the coal char characteristics. The char–H2O and char–CO2 gasification reactivities were measured by using a modified thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) system. The experimental results indicate that the SPG atmosphere has no obvious influence on the coal char morphology, but it has significant influences on the carbon structures and surface chemical groups. The SPG char samples have lower gasification reactivity. The disproportionation reaction of CO, the decomposition reaction of CH4, and the loss of oxygen‐containing structures induced by H2 lead to a higher‐ordered degree of char, and the graphite generated from the disproportionation reaction and the decomposition reaction can decrease the specific surface area of the coal char. These two reasons result in the lower gasification reactivity of SPG char.
Conversion of Prairie Cordgrass to Hydrocarbon Biofuel over Co‐Mo/HZSM‐5 Using a Two‐Stage Reactor System
Authors: Cheng Shouyun , Wei Lin , Zhao Xianhui , Kadis Ethan , Julson James 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA series of Co‐Mo/HZSM‐5 catalysts was prepared using an impregnation method for the thermal conversion of prairie cordgrass (PCG). The catalysts were characterized by BET measurements, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, and TEM. The Co‐Mo/HZSM‐5 catalysts were tested in the thermal conversion of PCG to produce hydrocarbon biofuel in a two‐stage catalytic pyrolysis system. The products were analyzed and included incondensable gas, bio‐oil, and biochar. Compared to non‐catalytically obtained bio‐oil, the chemical composition, water content, higher heating value, viscosity, and density of the catalytic bio‐oils were improved. The results indicated that 4 %Mo‐2 %Co/HZSM‐5 showed a robust ability in the catalytic cracking of PCG with the highest yield of hydrocarbons at 41.08 %.
Disordered Eating, Compulsive Exercise, and Sport Participation in a UK Adolescent Sample
Authors: Goodwin Huw , Haycraft Emma , Meyer Caroline 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe sport literature has produced equivocal results as to whether sport participation is a protective or risk factor for disordered eating. One mechanism by which it could be a risk factor is the increased drive or compulsion to exercise. This study compared the levels of disordered eating and compulsive exercise between adolescent sport and non‐sport participants. A sample of 417 male and female adolescents, aged 14–16 years old, was recruited from UK secondary schools. Participants completed questionnaire packs that included: the Eating Disorder Inventory; a measure of exercise behaviour; and the Compulsive Exercise Test (CET). Non‐sport participants reported significantly greater body dissatisfaction than sport participants, and this was true for boys and girls. Significant group differences were also reported for many of the CET scales, with sport participants generally reporting greater levels of compulsive exercise than non‐sport participants. Implications of these results are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.