bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Middle ear ventilation status postoperatively after translabyrinthine resection of vestibular schwannoma with mastoid obliteration and Eustachian tube occlusion: Is the Eustachian tube enough to ventilate the middle ear without the mastoid air cell system?
Authors: Belyea James , Wickens Brandon , Bance Manohar 
Published: August 2016

Background Gas pressure balance is essential for maintaining normal middle ear function. The mucosal surfaces of the middle ear, the mastoid air cell system (MACS), and the Eustachian tube (ET) play a critical role in this process; however, the extent that each of these factors contributes to overall middle ear ventilation is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine if the ET alone can maintain normal middle ear pressure without the MACS. To do this, we reviewed subjects who had their MACS completely removed with translabyrinthine (TL) surgery for vestibular schwannoma. Methods A retrospective chart review was done to collect pre and postoperative tympanometry data from patients who underwent resection of vestibular schwannoma. Data from the operative side was compared to the non-operative side at 2 years post-op. Results Twenty-four patients were included in this study. Of these, 63 % achieved a type A tympanogram at 2 years post-op in the TL resection group, implying an ability to maintain middle ear pressure in the absence of a mastoid cavity. Because some had negative pressures post TL resection, the average change in pre and postoperative pressure was -37.5 daPa for the operative side and 7.8 daPa for the non-operative side. This was significantly different. Discussion The difference for change in pre and postoperative pressure and compliance between operative and non-operative side might be expected from the ET plugging during TL resection. However, more interesting are those patients in whom the ET presumably reopens, and in these subjects, despite having no mastoid compartment at all, and the space obliterated with fat, they were still able to maintain normal ventilation of the middle ear space. Conclusion Our findings imply that the ET alone is adequate to ventilate at least the reduced middle ear space following TL surgery in most subjects, and perhaps in 100 % if the ET hadn't been plugged during surgery. Hence, the mastoid air cell system, even when healthy, is not needed to maintain air in the middle year cleft.
Assessment of Imaging Modalities and Response Metrics in Ewing Sarcoma: Correlation With Survival
Authors: Koshkin Vadim S. , Bolejack Vanessa , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Wahl Richard L. , Chugh Rashmi , Reinke Denise K. , Zhao Binsheng , O Joo H. , Patel Shreyaskumar R. , Schuetze Scott M. , Baker Laurence H. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose Despite the rapidly increasing use of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) –positron emission tomography (PET), the comparison of anatomic and functional imaging in the assessment of clinical outcomes has been lacking. In addition, there has not been a rigorous evaluation of how common radiologic criteria or the location of the radiology reader (local v central) compare in the ability to predict benefit. In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of various radiologic response assessments for the prediction of overall survival (OS) within the same data set of patients with sarcoma. Methods We analyzed assessments made during a clinical trial of a novel IGF1R antibody in Ewing sarcoma: PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) for functional imaging and WHO criteria (performed locally and centrally), RECIST, and volumetric analysis for anatomic imaging. We compared the effectiveness of the various criteria for the prediction of progression and survival. Results For volume analysis, progression—defined as cumulative lesion volume increase of 100% at 6 weeks—was the optimal cutoff for decreased OS (P < .001). Assessment of the day-9 FDG-PET scan was associated with reduced OS in progressors compared with nonprogressors (P = .001) and with improved OS in responders compared with nonresponders. Significant variations in response (18% to 44%) and progression (9% to 50%) were observed between the different criteria. The comparison of central and local interpretation of anatomic imaging produced similar outcomes. PET was superior to anatomic imaging in identification of a response. Volume analysis identified the most responders among the anatomic imaging criteria. Conclusion An early signal with FDG-PET on day 9 and volume analysis were the best predictors of benefit. Validation of the volumetric analysis is required.
Impact of Month of Birth on the Risk of Development of Autoimmune Addison’s Disease
Authors: Pazderska Agnieszka , Fichna Marta , Mitchell Anna L. , Napier Catherine M. , Gan Earn , Ruchała Marek , Santibanez-Koref Mauro , Pearce Simon H. 
Published: August 2016

Context:
The pathogenesis of autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD) is thought to be due to interplay of genetic, immune, and environmental factors. A month-of-birth effect, with increased risk for those born in autumn/winter months, has been described in autoimmune conditions such as type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease.

Objective:
Month-of-birth effect was investigated in 2 independent cohorts of AAD subjects.

Design, Setting, and Patients:
The monthly distribution of birth in AAD patients was compared with that of the general population using the cosinor test. A total of 415 AAD subjects from the United Kingdom cohort were compared with 8 180 180 United Kingdom births, and 231 AAD subjects from the Polish cohort were compared with 2 421 384 Polish births.

Main Outcome Measures:
Association between month of birth and the susceptibility to AAD.

Results:
In the entire cohort of AAD subjects, month-of-birth distribution analysis showed significant periodicity with peak of births in December and trough in May (P = .028). Analysis of the odds ratio distribution based on month of birth in 2 cohorts of patients with AAD versus the general population revealed a December peak and May trough, and January peak and July trough, in the United Kingdom and Polish cohorts, respectively.

Conclusion:
For the first time, we demonstrate that month of birth exerts an effect on the risk of developing AAD, with excess risk in individuals born in winter months and a protective effect when born in the summer. Exposure to seasonal viral infections in the perinatal period, coupled with vitamin D deficiency, could lead to dysregulation of innate immunity affecting the risk of developing AAD.
Adipocyte Browning and Higher Mitochondrial Function in Periadrenal But Not SC Fat in Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Vergnes Laurent , Davies Graeme R. , Lin Jason Y. , Yeh Michael W. , Livhits Masha J. , Harari Avital , Symonds Michael E. , Sacks Harold S. , Reue Karen 
Published: August 2016

Context:
Patients with pheochromocytoma (pheo) show presence of multilocular adipocytes that express uncoupling protein 1 within periadrenal (pADR) and omental (OME) fat depots. It has been hypothesized that this is due to adrenergic stimulation by catecholamines produced by the pheo tumors.

Objective:
To characterize the prevalence and respiratory activity of brown-like adipocytes within pADR, OME, and SC fat depots in human adult pheo patients.

Design:
This was an observational cohort study.

Setting:
The study took place in a university hospital.

Patients:
We studied 46 patients who underwent surgery for benign adrenal tumors (21 pheos and 25 controls with adrenocortical adenomas).

Main outcome measure:
We characterized adipocyte browning in pADR, SC, and OME fat depots for histological and immunohistological features, mitochondrial respiration rate, and gene expression. We also determined circulating levels of catecholamines and other browning-related hormones.

Results:
Eleven of 21 pheo pADR adipose samples, but only one of 25 pADR samples from control patients exhibited multilocular adipocytes. The pADR browning phenotype was associated with higher plasma catecholamines and raised uncoupling protein 1. Mitochondria from multilocular pADR fat of pheo patients exhibited increased rates of coupled and uncoupled respiration. Global gene expression analysis in pADR fat revealed enrichment in β-oxidation genes in pheo patients with multilocular adipocytes. No SC or OME fat depots exhibited aspects of browning.

Conclusion:
Browning of the pADR depot occurred in half of pheo patients and was associated with increased catecholamines and mitochondrial activity. No browning was detected in other fat depots, suggesting that other factors are required to promote browning in these depots.
Development of a Pediatric Risk Assessment Score to Predict Perioperative Mortality in Children Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Nasr Viviane G. , DiNardo James A. , Faraoni David 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
Although there have been numerous attempts to predict perioperative mortality in adults, an objective model to predict mortality in children has not been developed. In this study, we aimed to develop a Pediatric Risk Assessment (PRAm) score to predict perioperative mortality in children undergoing noncardiac surgery.

METHODS:
We included all children recorded in the 2012 and 2013 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric databases in a derivation cohort and those from the 2014 database in a validation cohort. The primary outcome was the incidence of in-hospital mortality. A total of 115,229 (63%) were included in the derivation cohort and 68,194 (37%) in the validation cohort. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the predictors for mortality and designed the PRAm score.

RESULTS:
On the basis of the multivariable regression model, we created a simplified risk assessment tool (PRAm score) ranging from 0 to ≥9, including the presence of any comorbidities, factors of critical illness, age <12 months, the requirement for an urgent procedure, and the diagnosis of a neoplasm. The PRAm score showed an excellent discriminative ability with an apparent “optimistic” area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.950 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.942–0.957) in the derivation cohort. In the validation cohort, we observed similar performances with an area under the “naive” receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.950 (95% CI, 0.938–0.961). The AUC was also calculated from a bootstrap procedure and then applied to the original derivation sample to estimate “optimism” for each bootstrap sample with an AUC of 0.943 (95% CI, 0.929–0.9956). The optimism in apparent performance was 0.007, corresponding to an optimism-corrected area of 0.943. Calibration was assessed graphically by plotting the observed outcome against the predicted mortality (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.995, calibration in the large = 0.001 [P = .974], calibration slope = 0.927).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, we developed a simplified PRAm tool (PRAm score) as a predictor of perioperative mortality in children undergoing noncardiac surgery. The PRAm score has excellent accuracy. In patients assigned American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification ≥4, there is wide variability in objectively obtained PRAm scores.
Contextual Hub Analysis Tool (CHAT): A Cytoscape app for identifying contextually relevant hubs in biological networks
Authors: Muetze Tanja , Goenawan Ivan H. , Wiencko Heather L. , Bernal-Llinares Manuel , Bryan Kenneth , Lynn David J. 
Published: August 2016

Highly connected nodes (hubs) in biological networks are topologically important to the structure of the network and have also been shown to be preferentially associated with a range of phenotypes of interest. The relative importance of a hub node, however, can change depending on the biological context. Here, we report a Cytoscape app, the Contextual Hub Analysis Tool (CHAT), which enables users to easily construct and visualize a network of interactions from a gene or protein list of interest, integrate contextual information, such as gene expression or mass spectrometry data, and identify hub nodes that are more highly connected to contextual nodes (e.g. genes or proteins that are differentially expressed) than expected by chance. In a case study, we use CHAT to construct a network of genes that are differentially expressed in Dengue fever, a viral infection. CHAT was used to identify and compare contextual and degree-based hubs in this network. The top 20 degree-based hubs were enriched in pathways related to the cell cycle and cancer, which is likely due to the fact that proteins involved in these processes tend to be highly connected in general. In comparison, the top 20 contextual hubs were enriched in pathways commonly observed in a viral infection including pathways related to the immune response to viral infection. This analysis shows that such contextual hubs are considerably more biologically relevant than degree-based hubs and that analyses which rely on the identification of hubs solely based on their connectivity may be biased towards nodes that are highly connected in general rather than in the specific context of interest. Availability: CHAT is available for Cytoscape 3.0+ and can be installed via the Cytoscape App Store (http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/chat).
Typifications and validations of taxa in the genus Decalepis: An economically and ethnobotanically important genus of Gymnanthereae (Apocynaceae: Periplocoideae)
Authors: Kambale Sharad Suresh , Gholave Avinash Ramchandra , Bhattacharjee Avishek , Yadav Shrirang Ramchandra 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe nomenclature of the species currently treated in the genus Decalepis is reviewed. The names Baeolepis nervosa, Decalepis hamiltonii and Pentanura khasiana are lectotypified. The combinations D. khasiana and D. salicifolia are validated.
Report of the General Committee: 14
Authors: Wilson Karen L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDecisions are reported on: (1) 35 proposals to conserve and reject names recommended for acceptance in the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants (NCVP) Report 65 and one proposal from Report 64; (2) 11 such proposals recommended for rejection in those Committee Reports; (3) one proposal was referred back to the NCVP for further consideration; (4) two conservation proposals for which the NCVP could not reach a firm recommendation; and (5) three recommendations from the NCVP on requests for binding decisions, one under Art. 38.4 (adequate description) and two under Art. 53.5 (confusingly similar names).
Verneda hermaphroditicagen. & sp. nov.: A new flower head from the early Late Cretaceous (middle Cenomanian) of southeastern France
Authors: Moreau Jean-David , Gomez Bernard , Coiffard Clément , Daviero-Gomez Véronique , Tafforeau Paul , Néraudeau Didier 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSpherical flower heads have often been reported from the late Early and Late Cretaceous of Asia and North America, but are rare in Europe. Palaeobotanists have included them in Altingiaceae and Hamamelidaceae (Saxifragales, basal core eudicots), and Platanaceae (Proteales, basal eudicots). We report newly collected flower heads from the Cenomanian of southeastern France. They are examined using scanning electron microscopy and propagation phase‐contrast X‐ray synchrotron microtomography with a voxel size down to 0.7 μm. They are described and compared with 95 living angiosperms, which include basal eudicots, basal rosids and basal asterids, based on a cladistic analysis of 64 characters.Verneda hermaphroditicagen. & sp. nov. consists of flower heads with around one hundred actinomorphic, pentamerous, bisexual flowers. The androecium has united filaments but free tetrasporangiate anthers. Pollen grains are tricolpate and reticulate. The gynoecium is eusyncarpous and pentalocular. Each of the five carpels contains a single ovule/seed. Cladistic analysis suggests thatVerneda hermaphroditicais sister to Platanaceae. It cannot, however, be included in this family because characters such as basally fused stamen filaments and eusyncarpous gynoecium are absent in living Platanaceae.
Features of adaptation of young specialists, graduates of educational institutions of the Ministry of Interior of Russia to the professional activity
Authors: Зайцева  , Zaytseva Natalya 
Published: August 2016

The article analyzes the problem adapt graduates of educational institutions MIA of Russia for all types of readiness for the special conditions of performance. The problems of adaptation of content, its subjective and objective factors, and the criteria for adaptation, on the basis of which it is possible to judge the speed and quality of performance of official duties, the orientation of the ease in dealing with office tasks and as comfort for official teams of young employees, members of the profession. The article analyzes the causes of the difficulties of adaptation, and provides recommendations on optimizing the process of entering the profession graduates departmental MIA universities.
Particular attention is paid to professional self-determination as a factor of successful adaptation.
Copolymers of Styrene and Divinyl Benzene with Chromogenic Groups for Environment Control
Authors: Куготова  , Kugotova M. , Черкасова  , Cherkasova T. , Тарасова  , Tarasova Natalya , Мизиев  , Miziev M. 
Published: August 2016

Now used in Russia means of indication in express analysis methods for environment control have a wide dispersion on
hazardous substances determination accuracy. In case of visual indication’s new means implementation it is necessary to
show experimentally that they are suitable for the solution of expected tasks with a minimum error for results of polluting
and dangerous substances’ ions concentration analysis. Reusable solid-phase color indicators based on styrene and divinyl
benzene copolymers containing chromogenic groups in their structure have been considered in this paper and these solidphase
color indicators practical use possibility assessment after color digitization, and express analysis techniques accuracy
assessment on a number of water objects for identification of their toxico-ecological condition has been carried out.
Feasibility Analysis of Hydrogen Fuel Using for Short and Medium Range Aircrafts’ Engines
Authors: Бурцев  , Burtsev S. , Дун Гэ  , Dong Ge . 
Published: August 2016

An analysis of circuit design for a perspective propulsion system for short and medium range aircrafts has been carried
out. It has been shown that use of traditional schemes engines working at aviation kerosene TC-1 will not allow match the
ICAO ecological requirements for an aircraft of 2025-2035. Transition to hydrogen or liquefied natural gas allows match
ICAO requirements for CO2 emissions. However it will lead to an essential transportation value addition (due to hydrogen
and liquefied natural gas production and storage infrastructure). Application of the combined propulsion systems using
both kerosene and cryogenic fuel will allow increase fuel efficiency and reduce CO2 emission by 16% for hydrogen and by
2.5–4.5% for methane. In such a case partial transition to hydrogen fuel will allow match ICAO requirements at the current
freight charge.
Agricultural Cenosis Pollution by Heavy Metals from Past Ecological Damage Objects
Authors: Дрегуло  , Dregulo A. , Кулибаба  , Kulibaba Valeriy , Питулько  , Pitulko Viktor , Петухов  , Petukhov V. 
Published: August 2016

Parameters of heavy metals (accumulated in objects with past environmental damage, e.g. unauthorized dumps of municipal
wastes, sludge deposits from treatment facilities, and reclaimed quarries) distribution in soddy podzolic soils’ agrocenosis
have been studied in this paper. Negative changes of soils’ properties for the lands, periodically experiencing contamination
from the objects with past environmental damage have been characterized. In the conditions of minimization of mechanical
impact on soil, a negative trend in soil properties changing on the adjacent to objects with past environmental damage
lands at preservation of uncontaminated automorphic analogs has been tracked. Agrocenosis degradation indicators are
substantially defined by past ecological damage objects’ specifics.
Voltages Induced in Overhead Ground-Wire Cable as Risk Factor. Part 2
Authors: Токарский  , Tokarskiy A. , Рубцова  , Rubtsova Nina , Рябченко  , Ryabchenko V. 
Published: August 2016

To ensure the personnel safety during live working on overhead transmission line (OTL), as well as lightning protection
cables’ (LPC) isolation integrity maintaining, by the example of three-phase 750 kV OTL has been presented an algorithm
for calculation of voltages, electro-moving forces and currents induced by single phase short-circuit currents’ magnetic field
of OTL in LPC1 grounded in one point, and in LPC 2 (with fiber-optic communication line function) grounded at every tower.
For single-phase short circuit modes has been presented an algorithm for length selection of grounded on one end LPC1
part on the condition of compliance with the maximum permissible voltage level on a spark gap which bypasses an
insulator set of LPC1.
Fire Risk Analysis in Potash Mines
Authors: Грот  , Grot V. , Сидорчук  , Sidorchuk V. , Грозовский  , Grozovskiy G. , Котельников  , Kotelnikov V. , Бром  , Brom A. 
Published: August 2016

The influence of various factors on the fires probability in the potash mines has been evaluated. The most critical flammable
devices and objects, and the conditions of ignition have been identified. Scenarios of development for the most dangerous
situations have been analyzed, and the fire risks have been assessed. Conclusions have been drawn, and recommendations
have been given on the ignition probability reducing.
Neutrophil, TLR2, and TLR4 expression in newborns at risk of sepsis
Authors: Yunanto Ari , Endharti Agustina Tri , Widodo Aris 
Published: August 2016

Background There is increasing evidence that toll-like receptors (TLR) play a key role in the mediation of systemic responses to invading pathogens during sepsis. Saliva is an important body fluid for detecting physiological and pathological conditions of the human body. Neutrophils are participants in the acute response against pathogens in many tissues, and their influx into the oral cavity may occur at any time.Objective To compare mean neutrophils and the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in saliva and blood of newborns at risk for sepsis to those of healthy newborns.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2011 in the Division of Neonatology, Department of Child Health, Ulin General Hospital, Lambung Mangkurat University Medical School, Banjarmasin. Case subjects were newborns with sepsis risk factors (30 infants), while 30 healthy infants were in the control group. Saliva and blood specimen examinations were performed in the Biomedical Laboratory of Brawijaya University Medical School, Malang. We used T-test for statistical analyses.Results From saliva specimens, mean neutrophils were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group [14.43 (SD 12.21) % vs. 5.63 (SD 6.78) %, respectively, (P=0.021)]. In addition, mean TLR2 and mean TLR4 saliva levels were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group [TLR2: 64.97 (SD 26.42) % vs. 40.06 (SD 6.23) %, respectively, (P=0.011); TLR4: 1.5 (SD 1.61) % vs. 0.57 (SD 0.53) %, respectively, (P=0.044)]. From blood specimens, mean neutrophils were also significantly higher in the case group than in the control group [1.09 (SD 0.61)% vs. 0.21 (SD 0.09)%, respectively, (P=0.000)]. Similarly, mean blood TLR2 and TLR4 levels were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group [TLR2: 92.51 (SD 5.51) % vs. 81.74 (SD 11.79) %, respectively, (P=0.003); TLR4: 0.71 (SD 1.42) % vs. 0.12 (SD 0.06) %, respectively, (P=0.000)].Conclusion There are significant increases in neutrophils, as well as neutrophil expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the saliva and blood from newborns with sepsis risk factors compared to those of healthy newborns. [Paediatr Indones. 2013;53:132-7.]