bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Depth of Invasion in Evaluation and Management of Early-stage Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shariat-Madar Bahbak , Liu Jeffrey C 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate the existing body of literature and impact of depth of invasion (DOI) in early-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and its role in predicting occult cervical lymph node metastases.

Background
The prognosis for early-stage T1 to T2 disease OCSCC is relatively poor compared with other mucosal subsites within the head and neck. Primary tumor DOI can help prognosticate high-risk tumors for additional treatment.

Review results
There are unequivocal management implications in the literature demonstrating a role for elective neck dissection in early-stage OCSCC based on DOI. Following appropriate patient selection, there may be a role for sentinel lymph node biopsy in regional lymph node staging in early-stage OCSCC.

Conclusion
There are a multitude of studies demonstrating novel strategies to appropriately treat early-stage OCSCC, which are increasingly becoming standard of care. These strategies are altering the overall and disease-free survival of early-stage OCSCC. Despite advances, locoregional recurrence remains a challenge in this disease.

Clinical significance
Herein, the authors highlight a number of advances in the management of early-stage OCSCC as described in the literature, which are having an impact on disease-free and overall survival.

How to cite this article
Shariat-Madar B, Liu JC. Role of Depth of Invasion in Evaluation and Management of Early-stage Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(2):84-88.
Relationship between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women
Authors: Singh Shikha , Agrawal Prabhat , Garg Ruchika , Kokila BT 
Published: August 2017

How to cite this article
Garg R, Malhotra J, Singh S, Singh R, Kokila BT, Agrawal P. Relationship between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):211-215.
Neonatal Outcome and Its Correlation with Hemoglobin A1c in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Somalwar Savita , Jain Preksha , Jain Pritesh 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To determine neonatal outcome in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed using Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) recommended method.

Materials and methods
Out of 487 antenatal women, 52 were diagnosed with GDM using DIPSI test. All women were followed up until delivery and evaluated for neonatal outcome and managed accordingly. The appropriate statistical tests for various variables were applied by using Epi Info 7 software and evaluated at the level below than 5%.

Results
Apgar score of <6 at 5 minutes was found in 10 (20%) neonates of GDM mothers as compared with 18 (4.1%) in non-GDM group (p-value of 0.00001). Respiratory distress was present in 19 (38%) neonates in GDM group, while it was 48 (11.1%) in non-GDM group (p-value of 0.00002). Association of GDM and hyperbilirubinemia was nonsignificant in 2 (4%) neonates among GDM group, while it was 6 (1.4%) in non-GDM group. Hypoglycemia was 5 (10%) in GDM group, while 3 (0.7%) in non-GDM group (p-value of <0.0003). A total of 3 (6%) among GDM group had hypocalcemia, while 3 (0.7%) had hypocalcemia in non-GDM group (p-value of 0.02). The neonatal intensive care unit admissions were 29 (58%) in GDM group, while it was 96 (22.1%) neonates belonging to non-GDM group (p-value of 0.00001). No neonatal deaths were reported in GDM group, while there were 2 (0.5%) in non-GDM group. Anomalies were found in 6 (11.5%) in GDM group as compared with 5 (1.1%) in non-GDM (p-value of 0.00001). About 44.2% women with GDM had hemoglobin (Hb)A1c levels between 6 and 6.9%. Among GDM women, 4 (7.7%) had pregnancy losses as compared with 7 (1.6%) in non-GDM group.

Conclusion
The GDM is associated with significant fetal and neonatal morbidity; hence, preconceptional counseling, early diagnosis, and proper treatment are recommended.

Clinical significance
Preconceptional correction of HbA1c is also recommended based on risk of anomalies in fetus of GDM mother.

How to cite this article
Jain P, Somalwar S, Jain P. Neonatal Outcome and Its Correlation with Hemoglobin A1c in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):216-220.
Restricted Use of Episiotomy
Authors: Sharma Anju , Hooja Nupur , Dadhich Brijesh , Aseri Sapna , Sharma Avantika , Kumawat Bhomraj 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
There is extensive disagreement about the necessity and benefits of routine episiotomy for all. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Practice Bulletins, 2006 based on good scientific evidence recommends restricted use of episiotomy to be preferred, yet its restricted use is not being practiced. Keeping these in mind, the study was done with the aim to assess the effects of restrictive use of episiotomy during vaginal birth.

Materials and methods
This was a prospective study. Singleton primigravida term vaginal deliveries over 3 months were included. Under the policy of restricted use of episiotomy, great restraint was observed in giving an episiotomy. Mediolateral episiotomy was given in women where expected baby weight >3 kg or perineal tear was anticipated, and in cases of instrumental deliveries. Perineal tears, postpartum status, and satisfaction level of women were compared between patients with or without episiotomy. Data so obtained were analyzed.

Results
About 29.8% women delivered with episiotomy, 65.5% had intact perineum; 5.67% women had first-degree perineal tear and only 1.42% women had second-degree perineal tear using a policy of restricted use of episiotomy. None of the women had third- and fourth-degree perineal tear. Patients delivered without episiotomy were more comfortable in terms of less perineal pain, early evacuation of bladder, and ambulation.

Conclusion
With the restricted use of episiotomy using precise clinical judgment, the unnecessary episiotomies could be avoided, giving better care and patient satisfaction with minimum maternal morbidity.

Clinical significance
The policy of restricted use of episiotomy would result in considerable reduction in maternal morbidity, decreased hospital stay and overall cost, and good patient satisfaction level.

How to cite this article
Dadhich B, Hooja N, Sharma A, Aseri S, Sharma A, Kumawat B. Restricted Use of Episiotomy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):260-262.
Late-onset Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia or Early-onset Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Clinical Dilemma
Authors: Bhalerao Anuja V , Jain Preksha , Aggarwal Sakshi 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To differentiate nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in a 13-year-old girl.

Background
Hirsutism and virilization are effects of hyperandrogenism by ovaries and adrenal glands. It has a marked psychological and social impact affecting the quality of life; 75% of premenarchal girl have hyperandrogenism, which is due to PCOS but late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia cannot be ruled out, and this leaves the clinician in quandary regarding the diagnosis and management.

Case report
A 13½-year-old girl presented with excessive facial hair, hoarseness of voice, and darkening of elbow pits since past 2 months, which was increasing in severity. The patient had not yet attained menarche but had pubarche 1 year back. Examination revealed presence of acanthosis, underdeveloped breasts, and clitoromegaly >3 cm. Levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone were normal but higher levels were reported poststimulation. Fasting insulin levels were also high. Appropriate treatment was started, which led to improvement in patient's symptoms.

Conclusion
There is significant overlapping between PCOS and NCAH, which warrants accurate diagnosis based on hormonal analysis to institute early and appropriate therapy.

Significance
Early therapy can prevent infertility and androgenic complications later in life.

How to cite this article
Jain P, Bhalerao AV, Aggarwal S. Late-onset Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia or Early-onset Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Clinical Dilemma. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):280-282.
Effect of Different Dentifrices on the Surface Roughness of Acrylic Resins: An in vitro Study
Authors: Gautam Nitin , Sharma Aditi , Bashir Unjum , Rapolu Sisir , Mamatha Nallamilli , Sravani Siripurapu 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study was undertaken to study the effect of three most commonly used dentifrices for denture cleaning and to find out any positive association between number of strokes by toothbrush and surface roughness of acrylic resin.

Materials and methods
About 40 acrylic rectangular blocks with high finish were polished until surface roughness was calculated as 0 µm. The materials tested were distilled water as a control group, Patanjali Dant Kanti, Colgate Total Cream, and Cleansodent as dentifrices. Stroking was done with dentifrices, and surface roughness readings were recorded at 1,000, 9,000, and 18,000 strokes.

Results
Patanjali Dant Kanti was found to have maximum abrasive potential followed by Colgate Total Cream, followed by Cleansodent and least by distilled water.

Conclusion
Surface roughness was found to be directly proportional to the type, size, and fineness of the abrasive component used; the professional denture cleanser (Cleansodent) has less abrasive potential than the regular toothpastes. Among those tested, the highest abrasive potential was found in Patanjali Dant Kanti and lowest by Cleansodent (denture cleanser).

Clinical significance
The patient as well as dentist should choose the dentifrice with utmost care noting the size and type of abrasives used. Washing the dentures normally with water without toothbrush daily and cleaning of dentures once in 10 to 15 days with a soft toothbrush and professional denture cleanser should be the line of maintenance of dentures.

How to cite this article
Gautam N, Sharma A, Bashir U, Rapolu S, Mamatha N, Sravani S. Effect of Different Dentifrices on the Surface Roughness of Acrylic Resins: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):679-682.
Risk Factors associated with Dental Implant Failure: A Study of 302 Implants placed in a Regional Center
Authors: Oztel Mehmet , Bilski Wojciech M , Bilski Arthur 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this research is to determine which risk factors are associated with dental implant failure and survival.

Materials and methods
Data pertaining to patients who received one or more dental implants from 2011 to 2013 in a regional center were retrospectively reviewed. This included a total of 302 Biomet 3i NanoTite Tapered Certain implants placed in 177 patients. All patients were followed up until the end of 2015.

Results
This study found an overall success rate of 95%. Statistically significant factors that were found to affect implant survival were implant length, surgical technique, and presence of diabetes mellitus DM. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), implant site, smoking, and variable operators were not found to have any significant implant on implant survival.

Conclusion
This study has demonstrated that the incidence of implant failure and its complications is affected by a number of important factors that clinicians should consider when assessing patients. A follow-up study with a larger sample size, longer follow-up period, and details of the type of prosthetic rehabilitation would be beneficial in producing more definitive conclusions which may improve clinical practice.

Clinical significance
Dental implants play an important role in modern-day dental rehabilitation. It is vital that clinicians understand the impact of variable risk factors on implant survival. This study will add to the growing literature on the subject.

How to cite this article
Oztel M, Bilski WM, Bilski A. Risk Factors associated with Dental Implant Failure: A Study of 302 Implants placed in a Regional Center. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):705-709.
Cytological Changes in Normal Oral Mucosa of Individuals with Tobacco Habits: A Cytomorphometric Study
Authors: Kulkarni Pavan G , Palakurthy Pavan , Nandan Rateesh K , Rao T Madhusudan , Reddy D Shyam P , Muddana Keerthi 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionOral cancer is one of the six most common cancers in the world, and globally more than 50% of head and neck cancers occur in Asia, remarkably in India. Overall, 200,000 cases of head and neck cancers occur each year in India, among which 80,000 are oral cancers. Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest a causative role of tobacco use in the evolution of oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders.Aims and objectivesThe aim of the study is to evaluate independently and compare the cytological effects of smoking, tobacco chewing, and smoking in conjunction with tobacco chewing on oral mucosa by cytomorphometric analysis.Materials and methodsThe study included a total of 120 individuals subdivided into four groups, each group with 30 individuals. Group I was tobacco smokers, group II tobacco chewers, and group III both tobacco smokers and chewers. Group IV comprised 30 individuals without tobacco habit. Smears were prepared from buccal mucosa of both the study and control groups using a cytobrush and stained using Papanicolaou staining. The cells were quantified using image analysis software.ResultsThe results of the study showed alterations in the nuclear and cellular parameters in the study groups when compared with control groups and were statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe present study explains the significance of early identification of cellular changes in individuals with tobacco habits who require early intercession even without any visible oral mucosal changes. The study emphasizes that exfoliative cytology and cytomorphometry aid as a valuable tool to evaluate the effect of tobacco on oral mucosa.Clinical significanceSimple noninvasive techniques like exfoliative cytology can be employed as a chairside technique and in mass screening programs for identification of cellular changes in oral mucosa of individuals with tobacco habits. Thereby, it can be used as an early diagnostic tool for identification of potentially cancerous and cancerous lesions.How to cite this articlePalakurthy P, Kulkarni PG, Nandan RK, Rao TM, Reddy DSP, Muddana K. Cytological Changes in Normal Oral Mucosa of Individuals with Tobacco Habits: A Cytomorphometric Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18(8):722-727.
Institutional Ethics Committee Regulations and Current Updates in India
Authors: Mahuli Amit V , Mahuli Simpy A 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of the review is to provide current updates on regulations for ethics committees and researchers in India.

Background
Ethical dilemmas in research since time immemorial have been a major concern for researchers worldwide. The question “what makes clinical research ethical” is significant and difficult to answer as multiple factors are involved.

Review results
The research involving human participants in clinical trials should follow the required rules, regulations, and guidelines in one's own country. It is a dynamic process, and updates have to be learned by researcher and committee members. The review highlights the ethical regulation from the Drug Controller General of India, Clinical Trial Registry of India, and Indian Council of Medical Research guidelines.

Conclusion
In this article, the updates on Indian scenario of the Ethical Committee and guidelines are compiled.

Clinical significance
The review comes handy for clinical researchers and ethics committee members in academic institutions to check on the current updates and keep abreast with the knowledge on regulations of ethics in India.

How to cite this article
Mahuli AV, Mahuli SA, Patil S, Bhandi S. Institutional Ethics Committee Regulations and Current Updates in India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):738-741.
Global and regional estimates of warm cloud droplet number concentration based on 13 years of AQUA-MODIS observations
Authors: Bennartz Ralf , Rausch John 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We present and evaluate a climatology of cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) based on 13 years of Aqua-MODIS observations. The climatology provides monthly mean 1 × 1° CDNC values plus associated uncertainties over the global ice-free oceans. All values are in-cloud values, i.e. the reported CDNC value will be valid for the cloudy part of the grid box. Here, we provide an overview of how the climatology was generated and assess and quantify potential systematic error sources including effects of broken clouds, and remaining artefacts caused by the retrieval process or related to observation geometry. Retrievals and evaluations were performed at the scale of initial MODIS observations (in contrast to some earlier climatologies, which were created based on already gridded data). This allowed us to implement additional screening criteria, so that observations inconsistent with key assumptions made in the CDNC retrieval could be rejected. Application of these additional screening criteria led to significant changes in the annual cycle of CDNC in terms of both its phase and magnitude. After an optimal screening was established a final CDNC climatology was generated. Resulting CDNC uncertainties are reported as monthly-mean standard deviations of CDNC over each 1 × 1° grid box. These uncertainties are of the order of 30 % in the stratocumulus regions and 60 to 80 % elsewhere.
A case of eosinophilic myocarditis
Authors: Chan Carolyn Anne , Sullivan Claire , Gupta Anjun , Cowden Daniel , Benatti Rodolfo 
Published: August 2017

A 83-year-old female presented with shortness of breath and was found to be in acute decompensated heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Bloodwork revealed significant eosinophilia and endomyocardial biopsy confirmed eosinophilic myocarditis. One month prior, she had been hospitalized for a new diagnosis of heart failure while on vacation in Colorado. During that hospitalization, work-up included a heart catheterization showing non-obstructive coronary disease leading to a new diagnosis of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Bloodwork at that time showed a normal eosinophil count. She had been given prednisone for a suspected asthma exacerbation a few days prior to presentation likely normalizing the eosinophil count. We report a case of eosinophilic myocarditis and the difficult diagnostic dilemma it presents due to low incidence, broad clinical symptoms, and past medical history that can confound the diagnosis. A thorough work-up was completed, and in this patient’s case, the etiology was likely drug-induced from the home medication hydrochlorothiazide.
Validation of an Immunohistochemistry Assay for Detection of CD155, the Poliovirus Receptor, in Malignant Gliomas
Authors: Chandramohan Vidyalakshmi , Bryant Jeffrey D. , Piao Hailan , Keir Stephen T. , Lipp Eric S. , Lefaivre Michaela , Perkinson Kathryn , Bigner Darell D. , Gromeier Matthias , McLendon Roger E. 
Published: August 2017

Context.—
The oncolytic polio-rhinovirus recombinant (PVSRIPO) has demonstrated promise in currently ongoing phase I/II clinical trials against recurrent glioblastoma and was granted breakthrough therapy designation by the Food and Drug Administration/Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. A reliable clinical assay to document expression of the poliovirus receptor, CD155, in routinely available patient tumor samples is needed for continued clinical development of PVSRIPO oncolytic immunotherapy in primary brain tumors and beyond.

Objectives.—
To validate a novel anti-CD155 antibody for immunohistochemistry and develop a robust, reliable, and specific protocol for detecting CD155 expression in glioblastoma formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. To characterize the expression of CD155 in human glioblastoma cells as well as to evaluate the influence of CD155 expression levels on tumor cell susceptibility to PVSRIPO infection and killing.

Design.—
Immunohistochemical staining on glioblastoma FFPE tissue sections and immunoblot of corresponding frozen tissues were performed. Positive controls were confirmed sites of poliovirus propagation, spinal cord anterior horn, and tonsils; negative controls were vascular smooth muscle in patient samples and FFPE sections from a confirmed CD155-negative Burkitt lymphoma line (Raji).

Results.—
We succeeded in developing a reliable assay to specifically detect CD155 by immunohistochemistry in glioblastoma FFPE sections. Our data suggest widespread, virtually universal expression of CD155 in glioblastoma cells at levels commensurate with susceptibility to PVSRIPO infection and killing.

Conclusions.—
Anti-CD155 antibody D3G7H achieves monospecific detection of CD155 in immunoblots of tumor homogenates and immunohistochemistry of tumor FFPE sections. Our assay has utility in defining appropriate use of PVSRIPO in oncolytic immunotherapy against malignant glioma and other cancer histotypes.
Re-Negotiating Materiality: Craft Knowledge and Contemporary Art
Authors: Chambers Ruth , Perron Mireille 
Published: August 2017

L’origine de la section Pratiques remonte à une demande des artistes membres de l’AAUC désireux, désireuses de voir plus de travaux d’artistes contemporains circuler dans le cadre de RACAR. Le format vise à multiplier les rencontres possibles entre une thématique actuelle et ses praticien.ne.s.
Les huit artistes sollicité.e.s choisissent comme mode d’expression les métiers d’art et/ou emploient des pratiques artisanales. Il s’agirait d’un type de réflexivité qui passe par une re-négociation de la matérialité des oeuvres et leurs processus au moyen de savoir-faire artisanaux. Cette re-négociation par la connaissance artisanale a des implications élargies. Ces artistes et leurs oeuvres contribuent au discours des critiques matérialistes apparues dans différents domaines du savoir.
Nous avons demandé à chaque artiste de soumettre une image et une courte description de leur oeuvre à la lumière de notre thématique.
Punch and the Pogroms: Eastern Atrocities in John Tenniel’s Political Cartoons, 1876–1896
Authors: Williams Dominic 
Published: August 2017

Cet article analyse trois caricatures produites pour Punch, magazine humoristique de l’époque victorienne, par son caricaturiste en chef, John Tenniel. Elles représentent des despotismes en périphérie de l’Europe opprimant et assassinant des minorités sous leur férule : les atrocités commises en Bulgarie en 1876, les pogroms antisémites en Russie en 1881–1882 et les massacres d’Arméniens dans l’Empire ottoman en 1895–1896. Considérées ici comme faisant partie d’une série, ces images sont placées en dialogue notamment avec les textes qui ont paru à leurs côtés et avec les magazines rivaux de Punch tels que Fun et Judy. Alors que les Turcs, les Russes, les Bulgares, les Juifs et les Arméniens sont devenus des figures au moyen desquelles Punch a pu réfléchir à lui-même et à sa nation, elles lui ont posé un problème de représentation : c’est particulièrement les figures juives que Punch a eu le plus de difficulté à situer dans l’ordre des nations.