bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Moisture Content and Orientation on Force-Deformation Behavior of Pigeon Pea Grains during Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Singh Neetu , Vishwakarma Rajesh Kumar , Shivhare U. S. , Basu Santanu , Vijaya Raghavan G. S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The force-deformation behavior of pigeon pea grains and its correlation with moisture content was studied. Hertz’s theory of contact stresses was applied to predict the splitting and failure of cotyledons during uni-axial compressive loading between two rigid parallel plates. The apparent modulus of elasticity of pigeon pea decreased from 280.52 to 9.29 MPa when force was applied normal to the hilum joint (horizontal loading), whereas it decreased from 208.08 to 33.37 MPa when force was applied in the direction of the hilum joint (vertical loading) with an increase in moisture content from 5.28% to 34.568% (d.b.). At higher moisture contents (15.17% and above), the grains yielded after considerable deformation, thus showing a change in nature from brittle to ductile. Distribution of stresses below the point of contact were calculated and plotted to predict the location of the critical point, which was found at 0.45 to 0.75 mm and at 0.50 to 0.67 mm below the contact point in vertical and horizontal loading, respectively, depending on moisture content. The bio-yield of pigeon pea grains was due to breakage of the cotyledons in horizontal loading, whereas it was due to separation of the cotyledons in vertical loading. Separation of the cotyledons from each other was initiated before yielding of the cotyledons at lower moisture contents, and thus splitting of the seed took place. Keywords: Contact stresses, Hertz theory, Mechanical properties, Pigeon peas, Splitting.
Longevity and Performance of a Subsurface Drip Irrigation System
Authors: Lamm Freddie R. , Rogers Danny H. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. System longevity is an important economic factor to minimize amortized investment costs for subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), especially when growing lower-value commodity crops such as field corn. Kansas State University established a research site in 1989 at a research center to study SDI. One research study area was used for continuous production of SDI corn for 27 seasons without dripline replacement. Normalized plot flowrates for 23 separate plots after 27 seasons were within ±5% of their first annually measured value. Hydraulic performance of the driplines and emitters was measured and in the laboratory for excavated dripline samples after the SDI system was decommissioned in the fall of 2015. There were similar results from both and laboratory tests of the used driplines, with excellent coefficients of variation (CV) of approximately 3%, lower quartile distribution uniformities (DUlq) of 96 to 97, and Christiansen uniformity coefficients (UC) of approximately 98. The performance results of the excavated driplines were as good as or better than the performance of some unused driplines that had been in storage since 1990. Long SDI system life appears possible in the U.S. Central Great Plains when the systems are properly designed, installed, and maintained. The long system life (27 seasons and 26.5 years) improves the economic competitiveness of SDI with alternative irrigation systems such as center-pivot sprinkler systems, which are currently the predominant irrigation system in the region. The SDI system was decommissioned at the end of the 2015 crop growing season due to leaks arising from breakdown in the plastic material, rather than due to any clogging concerns and subsequent lower application uniformity. Keywords: Distribution uniformity, Drip irrigation, Flow variation, Microirrigation, Subsurface drip irrigation.
Analysis of Ledger-Stand Joints in the Aluminum Modular Scaffold
Authors: Błazik-Borowa E. , Pieńko M. , Robak A. , Borowa A. , Jamińska-Gadomska P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper concerns an approach to model the ledger-stand joints of modular scaffolds. Based on the analysis of the working range of the ledger (represented by a linear relationship between load and displacement), two models of the ledger-stand joint are analysed: first - with flexibility joints and second - with rigid joints and with a transition part of lower stiffness. Parameters are selected based on displacement measurements and numerical analyses of joints, then they are verified. On the basis of performed research, it can be stated that both methods of joint modelling recommended in this paper, can be applied in engineering practices.
Geotechnical Evaluation of Clayey Soil Contaminated with Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Karkush M. O. , Al-Taher T. A. A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The impacts of industrial wastewater contamination on the geotechnical properties of clayey soil have been studied in the research presented in this paper. The contaminant in question is industrial wastewater released from Thi-Qar oil refinery as a by-product of production, and the soil samples obtained from Thi-Qar oil refinery plant in Al-Nassyriah (a city located in the south of Iraq). The geotechnical properties of contaminated soil samples were compared with those of intact soil to measure the effects of such a contaminant. The soil samples were obtained from three locations in the study area; representing the highly contaminated area, the slightly contaminated area, and the intact area used as a reference for comparison of test results. The results of the tests showed that the contaminant causes an increase of natural moisture content, field unit weight, Atterberg’s limits, and maximum dry unit weight, as well as an increase of the compression index and the coefficient of vertical consolidation. Also, the contaminant causes a decrease in specific gravity, the optimum moisture content initial void ratio, the swelling index, the coefficient of permeability, and cohesion between soil particles.
Comparison of Optimal Costs of Axially Loaded RC Tension Members Using Indian and Euro Standards
Authors: Shenbagam N. Karthiga Alias , Arunachalam N. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study is to find the cost design of RC tension with varying conditions using the Artificial Neural Network. Design constraints were used to cover all reliable design parameters, such as limiting cross sectional dimensions and; their reinforcement ratio and even the beahviour of optimally designed sections. The design of the RC tension members were made using Indian and European standard specifications which were discussed. The designed tension members according to both codes satisfy the strength and serviceability criteria. While no literature is available on the optimal design of RC tension members, the cross-sectional dimensions of the tension membersfor different grades of concrete and steel, and area of formwork are considered as the variables in the present optimum design model. A design example is explained and the results are presented. It is concluded that the proposed optimum design model yields rational, reliable, and practical designs.
Optimum Positioning of Shear Walls for Minimizing the Effects of Lateral Forces in Multistorey-Buildings
Authors: Titiksh A. , Bhatt G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractShear walls are the most commonly used lateral load resisting systems in high rises. They have high plane stiffness and strength which can be used to simultaneously resist large horizontal loads while also supporting gravity loads. Hence it is necessary to determine effective and ideal locations of shear walls. Shear wall arrangement must be absolutely accurate, if not, it may cause negative effects instead. In this project, a study has been carried out to determine the effects of additions of shear walls and also the optimum structural configuration of multistory buildings by changing the shear wall locations radically. Four different cases of shear wall positions for G+10 storey buildings have been analyzed by computer application software ETABS. The framed structure was subjected to lateral and gravity loading in accordance with the Indian Standards provision and the results were analyzed to determine the optimum positioning of the shear walls.
Electrical Properties of Multilayer Systems Composed of Foundry Tooling and Moulding Sand
Authors: Gal B. , Granat K. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Within the research, selected multilayer technological systems created as combinations of water-glass containing moulding sand with foundry tooling, were characterised on the grounds of their electrical properties. By measuring resonance frequency and quality factor of a waveguide resonance cavity, real component of permittivity εr’ and loss tangent tgδ were determined for multilayer foundry systems with various qualitative and quantitative compositions. It was demonstrated that combination of a sandmix and foundry tooling with known dielectric properties results in a system with different physico-chemical properties, whose relation to the parameters of individual components of the system is undefined at this research stage. On the grounds of measurement results, theoretical value of microwave heating power, dissipated in unit volume of the selected multilayer foundry system, was determined. Knowledge of theoretical heating power and evaluation of physical, chemical and structural changes occurring in moulding sands exposed to microwaves in such a technological system makes a ground for empirical modelling of the process of microwave heating of foundry moulds and cores.
The Effect of Additive “B” on the Properties of Foundry Sands with Hydrated Sodium Silicate Made by Floster Technology
Authors: Izdebska-Szanda I. , Kamińska J. , Angrecki M. , Palma A. , Stefański Z. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the applicability of a new product added to water glass-containing foundry sands hardened with ethylene glycol diacetate. The new additive designated by the symbol “B” is a composition of aqueous solutions of modified polyalcohols, improving the sand knocking out properties. The scope of studies included testing various mechanical and technological properties of foundry sand mixtures, such as permeability, friability, life cycle of cores and knocking out properties. In the technological studies, two types of water glass with different values of the silica modulus and density, designated as R145 and R150, were used. Moulding sands were prepared with the additive “B”. For comparison, reference sands with water glass but without the additive “B” were also made. In Part I of the article, the results of studies of the effect of additive “B” on the properties of foundry sands with water glass hardened by CO2blowing were discussed.
Physicochemical Properties of Silicon Cast Iron
Authors: Stawarz M. , Kajzer W. , Kajzer A. , Dojka M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The article presents results of pitting corrosion studies of selected silicon cast irons. The range of studies included low, medium and high silicon cast iron. The amount of alloying addition (Si) in examined cast irons was between 5 to 25 %. Experimental melts of silicon cast irons [1-3] were conducted in Department of Foundry of Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice and pitting corrosion resistance tests were performed in Faculty of Biomedical Engineering in Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices Engineering of Silesian University of Technology in Zabrze. In tests of corrosion resistance the potentiostat VoltaLab PGP201 was used. Results obtained in those research complement the knowledge about the corrosion resistance of iron alloys with carbon containing Si alloying addition above 17 % [4-6]. Obtained results were supplemented with metallographic examinations using scanning electron microscopy. The analysis of chemical composition for cast irons using Leco spectrometer was done and the content of alloying element (silicon) was also determined using the gravimetric method in the laboratory of the Institute of Welding in Gliwice. The compounds of microstructure were identify by X-ray diffraction.
Determination of Chromite Sands Suitability for Use in Moulding Sands
Authors: Stec K. , Podwórny J. , Psiuk B. , Kozakiewicz Ł. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Using the available analytical methods, including the determination of chemical composition using wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy technique and phase composition determined using X-ray diffraction, microstructural observations in a highresolution scanning microscope equipped with an X-ray microanalysis system as well as determination of characteristic softening and sintering temperatures using high-temperature microscope, the properties of particular chromite sands were defined. For the study has been typed reference sand with chemical properties, physical and thermal, treated as standard, and the sands of the regeneration process and the grinding process. Using these kinds of sand in foundries resulted in the occurrence of the phenomenon of the molding mass sintering. Impurities were identified and causes of sintering of a moulding sand based on chromite sand were characterized. Next, research methods enabling a quick evaluation of chromite sand suitability for use in the preparation of moulding sands were selected.
Numerical Simulation of Directional Solidification Process of Single Crystal Ni- Based Superalloy Casting
Authors: Szeliga D. , Kubiak K. , Sieniawski J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The analysis of influence of mould withdrawal rate on the solidification process of CMSX-4 single crystal castings produced by Bridgman method was presented in this paper. The predicted values of temperature gradient, solidification and cooling rate, were determined at the longitudinal section of casting blade withdrawn at rate from 1 to 6mm/min using ProCAST software. It was found that the increase of withdrawal rate of ceramic mould results in the decrease of temperature gradient and the growth of cooling rate, along blade height. Based on results of solidification parameter G/R (temperature gradient/solidification rate), maximum withdrawal rate of ceramic mould (3.5 mm/min), which ensures lower susceptibility to formation process of new grain defects in single crystal, was established. It was proved that these defects can be formed in the bottom part of casting at withdrawal rate of 4 mm/min. The increase of withdrawal rate to 5 and 6 mm/min results in additional growth of susceptibility of defects formation along the whole height of airfoil.
Reducing the Negative of the Iron in the Alloy Based on Al-Si-Mg by Manganese
Authors: Podprocká R. , Bolibruchová D. , Chalupová M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn Al-Si alloy the iron is the most common impurity and with presence of other elements in alloy creates the intermetallic compounds, which decreases mechanical properties and increases of porosity. The cause of the negative effect of intermetallic particles on the mechanical properties is that it is more easily break off the tension load as the aluminium matrix or small particles of silicon. By adding suitable alloying elements, also known as iron correctors, is possible to reduce this harmful effect. In the article is evaluated influence of manganese on microstructure with performed EDX analysis selected intermetallic phases and tensile test and measurement of length of Al5FeSi phase. For realization experiments was used AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy with increased iron content. Manganese was added in the amount 0.3 wt. %, 0.6 wt. %, 0.8 wt.% and 1,2 wt. %. From performed measurements it has been concluded, that increased amount of manganese, i.e. Mn/Fe ratio, does not have significant influence on mechanical properties AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy in the melted state.
An Interval Estimator for Chlorine Monitoring in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Under Uncertain System Dynamics, Inputs and Chlorine Concentration Measurement Errors
Authors: Łangowski Rafał , Brdys Mietek A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The design of an interval observer for estimation of unmeasured state variables with application to drinking water distribution systems is described. In particular, the design process of such an observer is considered for estimation of the water quality described by the concentration of free chlorine. The interval observer is derived to produce the robust interval bounds on the estimated water quality state variables. The stability and robustness of the interval observer are investigated under uncertainty in system dynamics, inputs, initial conditions and measurement errors. The bounds on the estimated variables are generated by solving two systems of first-order ordinary differential equations. For that reason, despite a large scale of the systems, the numerical efficiency is sufficient for the on-line monitoring of the water quality. Finally, in order to validate the performance of the observer, it is applied to the model of a real water distribution network.
Element Partition Trees For H-Refined Meshes to Optimize Direct Solver Performance. Part I: Dynamic Programming
Authors: Aboueisha Hassan , Calo Victor Manuel , Jopek Konrad , Moshkov Mikhail , Paszyńka Anna , Paszyński Maciej , Skotniczny Marcin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We consider a class of two- and three-dimensional h-refined meshes generated by an adaptive finite element method. We introduce an element partition tree, which controls the execution of the multi-frontal solver algorithm over these refined grids. We propose and study algorithms with polynomial computational cost for the optimization of these element partition trees. The trees provide an ordering for the elimination of unknowns. The algorithms automatically optimize the element partition trees using extensions of dynamic programming. The construction of the trees by the dynamic programming approach is expensive. These generated trees cannot be used in practice, but rather utilized as a learning tool to propose fast heuristic algorithms. In this first part of our paper we focus on the dynamic programming approach, and draw a sketch of the heuristic algorithm. The second part will be devoted to a more detailed analysis of the heuristic algorithm extended for the case of hp-adaptive grids.
Preparation and Characterization of Levofloxacin-Loaded Nanofibers as Potential Wound Dressings
Authors: Pásztor Noémi , Rédai Emőke , Szabó Zoltán-István , Sipos Emese 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Objective: The study aimed at obtaining and characterizing levofloxacin-loaded, poly(ε-caprolactone) electrospun nanofiber formulations to be used as antibacterial wound dressings. Methods: Drug-loaded nanofibers were obtained by the electrospinning process and their morphology was determined using scanning electron microscopy. Structural analysis of the prepared nanofibers was carried out using differential scanning calorimetry and dissolution testing was performed in order to determine drug release. Results: Both nanofiberous formulations (containing 20 % and 50 % w/w levofloxacin) showed dimensions in the range of few hundred nanometers. Thermograms indicated that the formulation containing 20% levofloxacin was totally amorphized, showing a rapid release of the active, in 20 minutes. Conclusions: The poly(ε-caprolactone)-based electrospun nanofibers, containing levofloxacin presented suitable characteristics for obtaining potential antibacterial wound dressings.
Investigation of Foliar Fertilization in Maize Production
Authors: Jakab Péter , Zoltán Gábor , Festő Dávid , Komarek Levente 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe experiment was designed to study the effect of foliar fertilisation on the yield and some generative factors of maize in 2016. It was set on the territory of SZTE Tangazdaság Ltd in Hódmezővásárhely meadow chernozem soil. Three different foliar fertilizer products were applied in three replication randomised small plot experiment. The products were sprayed out individually and combined with each other as well, so there were six treatments and the control. In 2016 the amount of precipitation in the vegetation period of maize was higher than the average by 23.7 mm. Therefore this year was favourable for maize production. The data obtained during the experiment were processed by single factor variant analysis. Owing to the favourable dispersion of rainfall in the vegetative period of maize, the yields were relatively high. The average yield harvested from the control plots was 11.37 t/ha, and that of the treated parcels ranged from 11.61 and 12.86 t/ha. The foliar fertilizer products and their combinations increased the yield of maize, but this growing was not significant. By the using of foliar fertilization the generative factors of maize did not change significantly.
The Determine of Sugar Beet Nutrition Problems in Konya Plain’s Soils
Authors: Dursun Nesim , Gezgin Sait , Özcan Mehmet Musa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study was aimed to determine the deficiency or excessivity of nutrients for sugar beet crop in Konya plain. The results showed that the pH value was found as 7.65 and soils were classified as sodic; the organic matter was 1.59% and 92.9% of the soil samples was poor in terms of the organic matter. The mean lime content (CaCO3) was determined capacity was 26.07 and 97.1% of the soil samples was limy and the mean cation Exchange capacity was 26.07 me/100g, and it was varied between 10.72 me/100g and 44.7 me/100g. The mean available NH4+NO3 nitrogen content, phosphorus and potassium for crop were as 0.059%, 10.21 ppm and 1.39 me/100g, respectively. According to the these results, NH4+NO3nitrogen and potassium amounts were sufficient while the phosphourus content was sufficient in 65.8% and insufficient in 34.2%. Cu and Mn content in soil samples were adequate. The sufficient amounts of Zn, B and Fe were 85.7%, 45.8% and 95.7% and their insufficient amounts were 14.53%, 54.2% and 4.3%, respectively. According to the result of leaf analyses, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium were sufficient. The deficiencies of iron, zinc and bor were found in 4.3%, 14.3% and 38.6% of the total samples, respectively.
The Analysis of Production and Culling Rate With Regard to the Profitability in a Dairy Herd
Authors: Horváth József , Tóth Zsanett , Mikó Edit 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
As milk prices move away from production costs, dairy farms are under increased pressure to find ways to protect profitability on the farm. Producers have some problems that they can improve. Improve the milk production, produce more milk to sell focused on quality (reduce the amount of high level of somatic cell count). The deterioration of animal health status (lameness, mastitis and different metabolic disorders) can have a serious impact on cow productivity, causing pain and discomfort, production losses and might result in a decision to cull the animal. Improving herd reproductive performance is an important aspect of profitable farm management. The aim of this work is to analyse milk production, reasons of culling and culling rate in different lactation on a dairy cattle farm.