bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embracing Innovation in Education: Investigating the Use and Impact of Artificial Intelligent Assistants Among Preservice Teachers
Authors: Zaugg Tiffanie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The study investigates the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) assistants in reducing administrative burdens on public school teachers in the United States, where approximately $1.04 billion annually is allocated for teachers to perform non-teaching tasks. As AI technologies advance, their integration into educational settings presents an opportunity to automate 20-40% of administrative activities, reallocating up to 13 hours per week toward more impactful educational engagements. The shift could significantly mitigate teacher burnout, a significant factor in the profession’s high turnover rates. The introduction of the AI chatbot, “EL” (Education and Learning in Inclusive Environments), is posited as a transformative tool designed to assist with routine administrative tasks, potentially enhancing educational efficiency and allowing teachers to focus more on direct student interaction and pedagogical innovation. The quasi-experimental research design employed a t-test and Cohen’s d to analyze the effects of AI assistant usage among pre-service teachers at the University of Central Florida. Through a pretest and post-test approach, the study assessed the effectiveness of AI assistants in creating lesson plans, including accommodations and modifications. Additionally, the research examined the correlation between the frequency of AI assistant usage and the likelihood of pre-service teachers allowing their future students to use AI tools. Preliminary results indicate a significant change in the practices of pre-service teachers regarding AI, as the paired t-test reveals a statistically significant difference between pre- and post-test scores (t = -5.26, p = 3.85×10⁻⁶), with notable improvements in their use of AI in educational settings. A t-test was completed to determine the difference between control student (without AI) and treatments students lesson plan (with AI) creation which was to include accommodations and modifications. Using SPSS, the analysis yielded a statistic of approximately -3.53 with a p-value of approximately 0.0009, suggesting that integrating AI assistants like "EL" can effectively support teachers and enhance students' learning experiences. These findings highlight the necessity of including AI literacy in teacher education programs. Correlational statistics were run to determine the relationship between the participants' use of AI and their attitudes toward their future students using AI assistants. The data yielded a t-statistic of -5.26 and a p-value of 3.85×10−6. which indicates a strong and statistically significant relationship between the frequency of pre-service teachers using AI assistants/chatbots for academic purposes and their propensity to allow future students to use such technology.
Association between preoperative diaphragm thickening fraction and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Okura PT Kazuki , Hasegawa MSc PT Kakeru , Sakamoto PT Ririko , Takahashi PT Yusuke , Nagaki  , Wakita  , Sato  , Kasukawa  , Miyakoshi  
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative diaphragm thickening assessed using ultrasound imaging and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients undergoing thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
Methods:
This single-center, prospective, cohort study enrolled patients with esophageal cancer who were scheduled to undergo thoracoscopic esophagectomy between June 2021 and May 2024. The diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) was measured using ultrasound imaging at preoperatively and 1 week and 2 weeks postoperatively. Our primary outcome comprised overall PPCs. We investigated the longitudinal change in the DTF and the relationship between the DTF and PPCs. We also examined the optimal cutoff value for the ability of the DTF to predict PPCs.
Results:
This study enrolled 73 patients. PPCs occurred in 21 (29%) patients, 10 (14%) of whom had pneumonia. The estimated difference between the preoperative and 1-week postoperative least squares means of the DTF was −56.3% (95% credible interval [CrI]: −65.4, −47.2) and −36.5% (95%CrI: −43.7, −29.2) between the preoperative and 2-week postoperative values. The mean relative risk (RR) of preoperative DTF to PPCs was 0.89 per 10% increase(95%CrI: 0.80, 0.99), after adjusting for potential confounders. In the posterior distribution, the probability that the RR of the DTF per 10% increase would be <1 was 98.0%. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal cutoff value of preoperative DTF predicting PPCs was 123.6%.
Conclusion:
DTF is decreased 1 and 2 weeks after thoracoscopic esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer. The higher the preoperative DTF, the lower the risk of occurrence of PPCs.
A high-throughput Cyclin D-CDK4 NanoBiT assay facilitates identification and characterisation of antisense oligonucleotide-based CDK4 inhibitors
Authors: Poulter James , Saleban Mostafa , Mistry Ruju , Ash Malachi , Rose Ailsa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Disrupting the interaction between cyclin D and CDK4 is a potential approach to treating cyclin D-CDK4 related cancers, however this is hampered by a lack of high-throughput methodologies to measure their interaction. Here we report the development of NanoBiT luciferase assays for measuring each cyclin D-CDK4 interaction and use them to evaluate antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) targeting CDK4 as a potential cancer therapy. We demonstrate high specificity of the assays to measure each cyclin D-CDK4 interaction with cyclin D mutants with abolished CDK4 binding showing significantly decreased bioluminescence. Using the NanoBiT assays we identified two AONs targeting CDK4 that reduced cyclin D-CDK4 interactions by up to 72%. Viability assays revealed the best performing CDK4 AON caused a significant reduction in cell viability in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, as well as a significant decrease in colony formation. Flow cytometry revealed an increase in late apoptotic cells, indicating cells entering apoptosis being the underlying cause of reduced cell number. This AON-based approach offers a potential alternative to current CDK4/6 inhibitors, particularly for resistant cancers. Furthermore, the NanoBiT assay provides a valuable tool for high-throughput screening of cyclin D-CDK4 interaction inhibitors.
Electrochemical Heteroarylation and Amidation of Alkanes using Activated Glassy Carbon Electrodes without Mediators
Authors: Bosque Irene , Gómez José Carlos González , Laze Loris 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The functionalization of challenging unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds was achieved electrocatalytically via hydrogen atom transfer and without mediators. This was possible through the sole activation of the surface of the Glassy Carbon Electrode in an electrochemical fashion using a phosphate buffer. This activation produced oxygenated functional groups on the surface, capable of abstracting these hydrogen atoms from C(sp3)-H of alkanes. Minisci and Ritter-type reactions were achieved using this procedure. Extensive characterization of the AGCE and preliminary mechanistic studies allow us to propose plausible reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, a regular battery can be used within this protocol to achieve the desired substituted alkanes under inexpensive and user-friendly conditions.
Panax notoginseng saponins in the treatment of ischemic stroke：Meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Fan Danjie , Song Shuyue , Ji Xiangyu , Li Dachuan , Zhao Yuyang , Xie Kunming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)preparation is one of the most commonly used Chinese medicines for treating acute ischemic stroke༈AIS༉in China. However, compared with the traditional routine western medicine༈WM༉treatment, the effectiveness and safety of PNS as an auxiliary treatment need to be systematically reviewed.
Methods
The deadline for inclusion is before June 30, 2024. Comparing the randomized controlled trials(RCT)of PNS༈Include Xuesaitong and Xueshuantong༉combined with WM and WM alone in the treatment of AIS, the two researchers independently extracted the data, used Cochrane Bias Risk Scale to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and used RevMan5.3 for meta-analysis.
Results
In this study, 15 RCT involving 1499 participants were included, and the treatment of patients was evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS). Meta-analysis shows that adding PNS as an auxiliary treatment is more effective in clinical total efficiency [RR = 1.22,95%CI༈1.17–1.29༉, P < 0.00001] compared with simple WM treatment. The included studies reported 49 cases of adverse reactions༈ADR༉, of which 27 cases occurred in the experimental group.
Conclusion
PNS combined with WM is effective in treating AIS, which suggests that it may be a safe and effective alternative and can better improve neurological symptoms. However, due to the limitations of low methodological quality and small sample size, it is suggested that more high-quality RCT are still needed to verify the safety of PNS preparation.
Exosome-Derived lncRNA LIPE-AS1 for Enhancing Oocytes Maturation and Ameliorating Diminished Ovarian Reserve through Targeting miR-330-5p/HDAC3 Axis
Authors: Hu Rong , Li Jialing , Tian Miaomiao , Guo Hua , Wang Feimiao , Gao Jinmei , Wang Lu , Ma Jie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is a multi-factor gynecological disease that has become a major global health problem. Currently, there is no effective prevention and therapy for DOR. Exosome-drived long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in follicular fluid (FF) plays a vital role in development of follicles. Exosome-drived lncRNA LIPE-AS1, which we screened from FF of patients with DOR, regulates histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) expression by competitively inhibiting miR-330-5p. Exosomes as nanosized membrane vesicles, could targeted deliver therapeutic agents by modification with target ligands. In this study, we utilize the engineering tochnology to conbime exosome and lncRNA for ovary-targeting therapy of DOR. Firstly, we elucidated the mechanism of lncRNA LIPE-AS1 in occurrence and development of DOR. Secondly, we biologically prepared the exosomes with LIPE-AS1 high expression using 293T cells (Exo-LIPE-AS1). Co-culture of Exo-LIPE-AS1 with oocytes of DOR models promotes oocyte development and improve oocyte quality in vitro. Last, we constructed the FSHβ-modified and LIPE-AS1 loaded exosomes (ExoFSHβ-LIPE-AS1). The engineered exosomes ExoFSHβ-LIPE-AS1 could deliver more efficiently to ovary in vitro. In this way, ExoFSHβ-LIPE-AS1 facilitate the fertility of DOR models. Our research elucidates that exosomes as targeted lncRNA LIPE-AS1 delivery vehicles have potentially preventive and therapeutic effects for DOR.
Molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus genotypes among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women with cervical cancer in Nigeria
Authors: Nyam Chuwang J. , Musa Jonah , Joyce Brian T. , Kim Kyeezu , Wang Jun , Green Stefan J. , Gursel Demirkan B. , Abdulkareem Fatimah , Akanmu Alani S. , Silas Olugbenga A. , Imade Godwin E. , Anorlu Rose , Ogunsola Folasade , Sagay Atiene S. , Murphy Robert L. , Hou Lifang , Mehta Supriya D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is high in Nigeria, with over 12,000 new cases and 8,000 deaths annually. Differences in diagnostic methods for human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes have generated varied prevalence rates across populations.
Methods
We examined the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes among HIV-negative women with ICC, HIV-positive women with ICC, and HIV-positive women without ICC. We utilized baseline data and DNA samples from cervical tissue obtained from a prospective cohort study between March 2018 and September 2022. High-throughput next-generation amplicon sequencing of the HPV L-1 gene was used to identify and classify the HPV genotypes. Modified Poisson regression models estimated associations between HIV and HPV status, adjusting for other variables of interest.
Results
Among 286 women tested for HPV, 48.9% were HIV-negative with ICC, 17.2% were HIV-positive with ICC, and 33.9% were HIV-positive without ICC. The prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) was 77.6% among HIV-positive women with ICC, whereas it was 60.0% among HIV-negative women with ICC (p < 0.001). HIV-positive women more frequently had multiple HPV genotypes (8.2% versus 1.4% among HIV-negative women with ICC and 2.1% among HIV-negative women without ICC) (p < 0.001). HPV16 or HPV18 accounted for 29.4% of all HPV cases. The most frequently detected HR-HPV genotypes included HPV16 (20.6%), HPV18 (8.7%), HPV45 (4.2%), and HPV35 (2.8%). In multivariable models adjusted for age, BMI, parity, and study site, HIV-positive women had an increased risk of HR-HPV (aPRR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.82) and any HPV infection (aPRR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.83, 2.74) compared to HIV-negative women.
Conclusion
Our NGS approach to HPV typing in Nigerian women, including those with cervical cancer and HIV, revealed the presence of HPV types not covered by the Gardasil-4 vaccine. This highlights the need for broader coverage of vaccines to protect against most HR-HPV types, irrespective of HIV status.
The impact of initiation timing of continuous renal replacement therapy on outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a retrospective study from the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Nuermaimaiti Mangsuer , Wang Meiping , Lou Ran , Wang Nan , Si Quan , Wang Tingting , Jiang Li 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients, optimal timing for initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for AKI but without life-threatening indications is unclear.
Methods
A retrospective study was performed using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV), including AKI patients identified based on Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition, The time to initiate CRRT was defined as the interval from first diagnosis of AKI to the initiation of CRRT, analyzed as a continuous variable. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, restricted cubic splines (RCS) to assess the relationship between CRRT initiation timing intervals and clinical outcomes.
Results
The study included 673 patients, with a 28-day mortality rate of 38.78%. RCS analysis revealed no significant association between variations in CRRT timing intervals and 28-day mortality (P > 0.05). In the subgroup of patients with non-renal SOFA scores < 8, observed an increase in 28-day mortality (OR, 1.011 [95% CI, 1.001-1.021], P < 0.05), along with a greater likelihood of reduced 28-day CRRT, mechanical ventilation (MV), and ICU-free days for each 1-hour delay in CRRT initiation (OR, -0.037 [95% CI, -0.064 to -0.010], P < 0.05; OR, -0.051 [95% CI, -0.078 to -0.024], P < 0.05; OR, -0.056 [95% CI, -0.082 to -0.003], P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The findings indicate that while no significant relationship exists between mortality and the timing of CRRT initiation, patients with lower non-renal SOFA scores who initiate RRT promptly may experience improved clinical outcomes. Further exploration and validation require the adoption of novel research methodologies and more pertinent clinical studies.
Is operative revision associated with favorable clinical outcomes in arthrofibrosis following total hip arthroplasty (THA)? An initial retrospective, single-center data analysis of 42 cases
Authors: Lausmann Christian , Memarnia Navid , Salber Jochen , Citak Mustafa , Gehrke Thorsten , Linke Philip 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Clinical outcomes following surgical revision in cases of histologically confirmed arthrofibrosis after total hip arthroplasty (THA) have not been published to date. Consequently, the aim of this study is to present the clinical outcomes and to identify risk factors for poor clinical outcome following surgical intervention for histologically verified endoprosthesis-associated arthrofibrosis of the hip after THA.
Methods:
This study enrolled 7983 THA revision procedures during the study period, in 51 cases arthrofibrosis has been histologically confirmed based on the synovial-like interface membrane (SLIM) criteria. For the final statistical analysis 42 cases (59.5 % women) with an average age of 63.6 years were included, achieving a follow-up rate of 82.6 % with a mean follow up of 70 months. Of these, 73.8% underwent index surgery after primary THA implantation. The primary indication for revision surgery was predominantly the clinical suspicion of arthrofibrosis (n = 35). In addition to the complication and revision rates, the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire were analysed for all cases at the time of follow-up.
For the risk analysis of a poor clinical outcome (HHS <55), the study cohort was divided into two different groups.
Results:
Open arthrolysis was performed in all cases (100 %), with a mobile component being replaced in 73.8 % of cases (n = 31) and only two cases requiring additional replacement of the femoral and acetabular components due to aseptic loosening.
The Harris Hip Score (HHS) had a mean value of 53.2 before revision surgery and increased significantly postoperatively to a mean value of 65.7 (p < 0.001). It is noteworthy that only 34.1 % of patients achieved the minimum clinical significance difference (MCID) of 18 HHS points after surgical revision. The EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and the Time Trade-Off (TTO) score averaged 0.226 (SD 0.245) and 0.221 (SD 0.37).
Complications occurred in seven cases (16.7 %,), with dislocation in 2 cases and persistent AF symptoms in 3 cases being the most common, accompanied by a revision rate of 14.3 % (n = 6). In three cases, a new open arthrolysis was performed due to persistent symptoms. Increased BMI (30.1 vs. 26.7 BMI, p < 0.05) or higher body weight (88.4kg vs. 78.7kg, p = 0.086) and a lower preoperative HHS (p = 0.022) were identified as risk factors for a poor clinical outcome, defined as HHS < 55.
Conclusion:
The initial clinical results following surgical intervention for endoprosthesis-associated arthrofibrosis show a moderate to poor postoperative outcome with an acceptable complication rate. The type of surgical intervention does not appear to have any influence on a poor clinical outcome.
Electrocardiographic Sex Index: A Continuous Representation of Sex
Authors: Karabayir Ibrahim , Celik Turgay , Patterson Luke , Butler Liam , Herrington David , Akbilgic Oguz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Clinical risk calculators consider sex as a binary variable. However, sex is a complex trait with a variety of anatomic, physiologic and metabolic attributes that are not easily summarized with a binary variable [1]. We propose a continuous representation of sex, the ECG Sex Index (ESI), derived via electrocardiographic artificial intelligence (ECG-AI).
We used an ECG repository at Wake Forest Baptist Health (WF) to develop a convolutional neural network-based ECG-AI model to detect sex from standard 12-lead ECGs. We utilized a rank-ordered transformation of the outcome of ECG-AI to create the ESI. We also created a sex discordance index (SDI) from the ESI and assessed its utility in 1-year risk prediction for all-cause mortality (ACM), heart failure (HF), and kidney failure (KF).
The WF cohort included 3,573,844 ECGs and EHR data from 754,761 patients; 75% were White, 17% were Black, and 51% were female, with a mean age (SD) of 61 (17) years. The PhysioNet external validation cohort included 45,152 ECGs from 10,646 patients from two hospitals in China. The PhysioNet cohort was 100% Asian, 43.6% female, and had a mean age (SD) of 59 (20) years. ECG-AI provided a holdout AUC of 0.95 and an external validation AUC of 0.92. Lower ESI levels in males and higher ESI levels in females were associated with a greater risk for clinical outcomes. The ESI and SDI were found to be noninferior to binary sex in logistic regression and better than binary sex in machine learning in predicting the risk for clinical outcomes.
The ESI and SDI present a more informative representation of sex and should be considered predictors in clinical risk calculators.
Surgical Fixation of Hip Fractures – A Novel Technique for Pre-Operative Planning
Authors: Liau Glen Zi Qiang , Thirukumaran Kamaraj , Sim Seth Ian , Pang Alexander Shao-Rong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Use of the dynamic hip screw (DHS) is considered the gold standard for hip fracture stabilisation, but conventional DHS (CHDS) fixations may be limited by longer surgical duration and delayed recovery compared to minimally invasive DHS (MIDHS) fixations. We describe a novel low-cost surgical method grounded in trigonometry that reduces intra-operative time, peri-operative complications, and improves overall patient outcomes.
Methods: A prospective double-blinded study included 15 patients who underwent surgical fixation of IT hip fractures using a 4-hole DHS system. All surgeries were performed at a tertiary referral hospital between January 2019 and April 2023 by surgeons with similar levels of experience. Main outcome measurements included tip-apex distance (TAD), surgery duration, haemoglobin loss, and hospital stay duration. Two independent assessors measured TAD using the post-operative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Kyle's classification was used to categorize the IT fractures. IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 for Mac (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for the statistical analysis. Statistically significant difference was defined as p-value < 0.05.
Results: Both groups had similar baseline characteristics (p > 0.05), except for Kyle's classification (p = 0.04). The MIDHS group had more complex fractures (40% MIDHS Kyle 3/4 vs 10% CDHS Kyle 3/4) but the mean surgical duration was significantly shorter (p = 0.019) (43.8 ± 12.3 minutes) compared to the CDHS group (73.4 ± 18.2 minutes). Postoperatively, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in hospital stay duration, haemoglobin (Hb) loss, or TAD.
Conclusions: Despite having more complex fractures, MIDHS group had even shorter surgical duration compared to CDHS group, with no significant difference in TAD, haemoglobin loss and hospital stay duration.