bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le rôle des héritages quaternaires dans les karsts alpins : le cas des Alpes du Nord
Authors: Chardon Michel 
Published: February 2017

The function of the quaternary inherited features in the alpine karsts : the example of the northern alps.
In the western part of the Alps, limestone mountains have been built mainly during Miocene and Pliocene. The relicts of pre-quaternary alterations or karstifications are scarce and difficult to identify. The most part of the morphological features can be related to the quaternary glacial stages. The main landforms of the high and low alpine mountains are described (fig. 2) : the glaciers and their melting waters have excavated deep gorges-valley and caves.
Le rôle des héritages quaternaires dans les karsts alpins : le cas des Alpes du Sud
Authors: Julian Maurice 
Published: February 2017

The function of the quaternary inherited features in the alpine karsts : the example of the southern alps.
The purpose of this text is to present the problem of the periglacial past-processes about the making of these karsts. Successively three points concerning those phenomenons took our interest : 1) the paleoclimatical change (Würm) related to the present climatical parameters ; 2) the impact of periglacial processes about the superficial karst ; 3) the internal evolution of the karst during the cold phases.
Les paléokarsts des Alpes occidentales du Trias à l'Éocène
Authors: Guendon Jean-Louis 
Published: February 2017

Dans les Alpes occidentales, avant l'émersion généralisée oligomiocène, trois grands épisodes continentaux ont interrompu la sédimentation marine :
-au Jurassique inférieur, dans le domaine briançonnais ;
-au Crétacé moyen, dans le domaine provençal ;
-et au début du Tertiaire, dans le domaine subalpin et le Jura.
Ces émersions, locales et temporaires, résultent des mouvements tectoniques liés aux divers déplacements des blocs continentaux qui encadraient l'océan alpin.
A travers un analyse bibliographique, il est donné une description sommaire des formations résiduelles et des phénomènes karstiques qui se sont développés au cours de ces exondations.
Résultats de deux traçages réalisés dans l'amphithéâtre d'Ozania (Picos de Europa, Espagne)
Authors: Fabre Jean-Paul , Fabriol Robert 
Published: February 2017

Les Picos de Europa présentent en altitude un karst de haute montagne dont le fonctionnement hydraulique est encore mal connu. Deux colorations à la fluorescéine ont été effectuées dans l'amphithéâtre d'Ozania et ont permis d'identifier deux réseaux indépendants.
-900 g de colorant injectés dans la Sima de los Gorrinos sont ressortis 20 heures après à la résurgence de Fuente Prieta.
-10 kg de colorant injectés dans la Sima del Jou Luengu sont ressortis 9 jours plus tard aux deux résurgences de Reo Molîn et de Dobra Seca.
Ce dernier réseau apparaît comme le plus intéressant tant par sa complexité que par les vastes zones qu'il semble drainer.
Le système souterrain de la Dent de Crottes, Isère, France
Authors: Marchand Thierry 
Published: February 2017

Le plateau de la Dent de Crolles qui culmine à 2 062 m, correspond à la partie la plus méridionale du grand synclinal perché, que l'on suit au nord jusqu'au Mont Granier, au-dessus de Chambéry. Le karst de ce val perché s'agence dans les calcaires à faciès urgonien et renferme, malgré une superficie très modeste de 2 km2, le plus important réseau souterrain des Alpes françaises (plus de 52 km explorés). Malgré une forte pluviosité due aux flux d'ouest, les circulations actuelles ne drainent plus que d'étroits méandres ou surcreusements. La complexité de ces galeries (près de 300 puits, 4 étages définis) étonne autant que l'ampleur de certains conduits.
En fonction des données lithostratigraphiques favorables, la karstogenèse semble fortement influencée par les épisodes glaciaires quaternaires ; néanmoins, par sa complexité et en relation avec les systèmes avoisinants, la Dent de Crolles pose un certain nombre de problèmes quant à la spéléogenèse, dont nous aborderons ici quelques hypothèses.
Évolution de la végétation ripariale et palustre : les petits affluents rhodaniens du Jura méridional
Authors: Girel Jacky , Manneville Olivier 
Published: February 2017

Résumé. — Les auteurs montrent l'intérêt floristique et écologique des zones humides du Jura méridional qui sont en relation étroite avec la plaine inondable du Haut-Rhône à l'aval de Seyssel (Ain).
A partir d'un exemple pris dans le Jura savoisien (la Méline et les Lacs de Chevelu), les groupements végétaux présents sont analysés, décrits et cartographiés (à 1/5000 environ). Leurs rôles de «derniers conservatoires régionaux» d'espèces et d'associations spécialisées sont soulignés. Les relations de la végétation avec les facteurs du milieu (substrat, hydrologie) et les activités humaines anciennes sont mises en évidence et permettent d'évaluer les changements affectant la végétation et d'insister sur la nécessité d'un entretien des milieux par une activité agricole de type «traditionnel » et nécessairement subventionnée.
Conventional Versus Inverted Side-cut Flaps for Femtosecond Laser-Assisted LASIK: Laboratory and Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Jhanji Vishal , Chan Tommy C.Y. , Li Wai Ying , Lim Rayne R. , Yu Marco C.Y. , Law Kasin , Yi Peng , Yip Yolanda W.Y. , Wang Yumeng , Ng Tsz Kin , Chaurasia Shyam S. , Mohan Rajiv R. 
Published: February 2017

PURPOSE:
To study the differences in early corneal cellular events and biomechanical properties after femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK performed using conventional or inverted side-cut angles.

METHODS:
In the laboratory study, left eyes of 24 rabbits underwent LASIK flap creation with a 70° or 115° side-cut. The contralateral eyes served as controls. The corneas were harvested 24 hours postoperatively. In the clinical study, 2 eyes of each patient (n = 29) were randomized to corneal flap creation with 70° or 115° side-cut angles during LASIK. The Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Depew, NY) was used to assess biomechanical properties of the cornea.

RESULTS:

In rabbit eyes, epithelial ingrowth was observed more frequently in flaps with 70° side cuts compared to flaps with 115° side-cuts. Corneas with 70° side-cuts showed significantly increased apoptotic cells compared to 115° side-cuts in the central (
P
= .001) and peripheral (
P
= .004) regions. Fifty-eight eyes of 29 patients were included in the clinical study. An overall reduction in Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure, corneal-compensated intraocular pressure, corneal resistance factor, corneal hysteresis measurements, p1 area, p2 area, and p1 area 1 and p2 area 1 was noted 37 ± 2 months after surgery (
P
< .001). No significant difference was observed in the change of any of these parameters between both groups (
P
≥ .146).

CONCLUSIONS:
Significant differences in wound healing were observed in rabbit corneas that underwent LASIK with conventional or inverted side-cuts. Variation in flap side-cut angles did not alter the long-term biomechanical properties measured with the ORA in patients after LASIK.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(2):96–103.]
Three-Year Stability of Posterior Corneal Elevation After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) for Moderate and High Myopia
Authors: Zhao Yu , Jian Weijun , Chen Yingjun , Knorz Michael C. , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: February 2017

PURPOSE:
To investigate long-term changes in posterior corneal elevation after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:

Thirty-six eyes of 20 patients (7 male, 13 female) who underwent SMILE were recruited for this prospective consecutive study. The mean preoperative manifest spherical equivalent was −6.24 ± 1.47 diopters (D) (range: −3.88 to −8.75 D). Posterior corneal surfaces were measured by a Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) preoperatively and at 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, 2 years, and 3 years after surgery. Posterior central elevation (PCE), posterior maximal elevation (PME), and posterior elevation at the thinnest corneal point (PTE) in the central 4-mm area above the best-fit sphere (BFS) were analyzed. The BFS was the same across all follow-up periods and determined by the preoperative data. A
P
value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:

All surgeries were executed without complications and no case of keratectasia was observed during the follow-up. An uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better was achieved in 100% of eyes at the last visit. The mean change of PCE, PME, and PTE at 3 years after the operation was −2.39 ± 2.85, 0.50 ± 3.33, and −2.33 ± 2.90
µ
m, respectively. There were significant differences in the measurements of PCE and PTE before surgery and 3 years after surgery (
P
≤ .009); however, there was no significant difference in PME before surgery and 3 years after surgery (
P
= 1.000). No correlation was found between changes in posterior corneal elevation and residual bed thickness, ablation depth, and preoperative thinnest corneal thickness.

CONCLUSIONS:
The posterior corneal surface, measured using the Pentacam, was stable after SMILE in the long-term follow-up. The cause of the slight backward change of PCE and PTE needs further study.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(2):84–88.]
Post-processing to remove residual clouds from aerosol optical depth retrieved using the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer
Authors: Sogacheva Larisa , Kolmonen Pekka , Virtanen Timo H. , Rodriguez Edith , Saponaro Giulia , de Leeuw Gerrit 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Cloud misclassification is a serious problem in the retrieval of aerosol optical depth (AOD), which might considerably bias the AOD results. On the one hand, residual cloud contamination leads to AOD overestimation, whereas the removal of high-AOD pixels (due to their misclassification as clouds) leads to underestimation. To remove cloud-contaminated areas in AOD retrieved from reflectances measured with the (Advanced) Along Track Scanning Radiometers (ATSR-2 and AATSR), using the ATSR dual-view algorithm (ADV) over land or the ATSR single-view algorithm (ASV) over ocean, a cloud post-processing (CPP) scheme has been developed at the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) as described in Kolmonen et al. (2016). The application of this scheme results in the removal of cloud-contaminated areas, providing spatially smoother AOD maps and favourable comparison with AOD obtained from the ground-based reference measurements from the AERONET sun photometer network. However, closer inspection shows that the CPP also removes areas with elevated AOD not due to cloud contamination, as shown in this paper. We present an improved CPP scheme which better discriminates between cloud-free and cloud-contaminated areas. The CPP thresholds have been further evaluated and adjusted according to the findings. The thresholds for the detection of high-AOD regions (> 60 % of the retrieved pixels should be high-AOD (> 0.6) pixels), and cloud contamination criteria for low-AOD regions have been accepted as the default for AOD global post-processing in the improved CPP. Retaining elevated AOD while effectively removing cloud-contaminated pixels affects the resulting global and regional mean AOD values as well as coverage. Effects of the CPP scheme on both spatial and temporal variation for the period 2002–2012 are discussed. With the improved CPP, the AOD coverage increases by 10–15 % with respect to the existing scheme. The validation versus AERONET shows an improvement of the correlation coefficient from 0.84 to 0.86 for the global data set for the period 2002–2012. The global aggregated AOD over land for the period 2003–2011 is 0.163 with the improved CPP compared to 0.144 with the existing scheme. The aggregated AOD over ocean and globally (land and ocean together) is 0.164 with the improved CPP scheme (compared to 0.152 and 0.150 with the existing scheme, for ocean and globally respectively). Effects of the improved CPP scheme on the 10-year time series are illustrated and seasonal and temporal changes are discussed. The improved CPP method introduced here is applicable to other aerosol retrieval algorithms. However, the thresholds for detecting the high-AOD regions, which were developed for AATSR, might have to be adjusted to the actual features of the instruments.
MUSICA MetOp/IASI {H2O,δD} pair retrieval simulations for validating tropospheric moisture pathways in atmospheric models
Authors: Schneider Matthias , Borger Christian , Wiegele Andreas , Hase Frank , García Omaira E. , Sepúlveda Eliezer , Werner Martin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water) has shown that the sensor IASI aboard the satellite MetOp can measure the free tropospheric {H2O,δD} pair distribution twice per day on a quasi-global scale. Such data are very promising for investigating tropospheric moisture pathways, however, the complex data characteristics compromise their usage in the context of model evaluation studies. Here we present a tool that allows for simulating MUSICA MetOp/IASI {H2O,δD} pair remote sensing data for a given model atmosphere, thereby creating model data that have the remote sensing data characteristics assimilated. This model data can then be compared to the MUSICA data. The retrieval simulation method is based on the physical principles of radiative transfer and we show that the uncertainty of the simulations is within the uncertainty of the MUSICA MetOp/IASI products, i.e. the retrieval simulations are reliable enough. We demonstrate the working principle of the simulator by applying it to ECHAM5-wiso model data. The few case studies clearly reveal the large potential of the MUSICA MetOp/IASI {H2O,δD} data pairs for evaluating modelled moisture pathways. The tool is made freely available in form of MATLAB and Python routines and can be easily connected to any atmospheric water vapour isotopologue model.
Referentes curriculares con incorporación tecnológica para la formación de profesores de matemática en y para la diversidad
Authors: León Corredor Olga Lucía 
Published: February 2017

El proyecto ALTER-NATIVA es el contexto de producción del libro “Referentes Curriculares con Incorporación de Tecnologías para la Formación del Profesorado de Matemáticas en y para la Diversidad”. La Comunidad ALTER-NATIVA de Matemáticas (CAM), fue conformada por profesores, estudiantes para profesor, investigadores y poblaciones sordas y ciegas, pertenecientes a la Universidades de: Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense URACCAN de Nicaragua, Pedagógica Nacional de México UPN, “Distrital Francisco José de Caldas” UDFJC de Colombia y al Instituto Nacional para Sordos INSOR.SummaryThe ALTER-NATIVA project is based on the context of the production of the book entitled "Curricular reference with the incorporation of technology for mathematics teachers training in/and for diversity”. The ALTER-NATIVA Community of Mathematics (CAM), was made up of teachers, student teachers, researchers and deaf and blind populations belonging to: the University of the Autonomous Regions of the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua (URACCAN), the National Pedagogical of Mexico-UPN, the Francisco Jose de Caldas District-UDFJC of Colombia and the National Institute for the Deaf-INSOR.
Justification of Wold’s Theorem and the Unbiasedness of a Stable Vector Autoregressive Time Series Model Forecasts
Authors: Iwok Iberedem A. 
Published: February 2017

In this work, the multivariate analogue to the univariate Wold’s theorem for a purely non-deterministic stable vector time series process was presented and justified using the method of undetermined coefficients. By this method, a finite vector autoregressive process of order [] was represented as an infinite vector moving average () process which was found to be the same as the Wold’s representation. Thus, obtaining the properties of a process is equivalent to obtaining the properties of an infinite process. The proof of the unbiasedness of forecasts followed immediately based on the fact that a stable VAR process can be represented as an infinite VEMA process.
Comparison of fragment removal versus internal fixation for treatment of Pipkin I femoral head fractures: A finite element analysis
Authors: Dong Dong , Li Yingnan , Zhu Dong , Yu Mingyang , Gu Guishan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Objectives: Fragment removal and internal fixation are the principle treatments for Pipkin type I femoral head fractures. The aim of this study was to compare, using a finite-element method, changes in stress on the femoral head after two different operation types. Materials and Methods: A three-dimensional finite-element model of a Pipkin type I femoral head fracture was generated with MIMICS and ABAQUS software. A three-dimensional numerical screw model was reconstructed based on data from BIOFIX and using SOLIDWORKS software. The screw was implanted in the fragment and femoral head to reconstruct the implantation. Stress changes on the femoral head after removal of the fragment and internal fixation were investigated. Results: Mean stresses along 13 points were 16.94 Ã?Â± 16.79 MPa in the fragment removal group and 14.17 Ã?Â± 14.08 MPa in the internal fixation group (P &lt; 0.05). Random tests indicated that the mean stresses along 50 randomly determined points were 25.41 Ã?Â± 12.12 MPa in the fragment removal group and 19.45 Ã?Â± 14.62 MPa in the internal fixation group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Compared to internal fixation, fragment removal led to greater stress that was more concentrated in the femoral head. This finding may help surgeons in choosing an appropriate treatment from a biomechanical perspective.
Three‐dimensional resistivity structure in Ishikari Lowland, Hokkaido, northeastern Japan—Implications to strain concentration mechanism
Authors: Yamaya Yusuke , Mogi Toru , Honda Ryo , Hase Hideaki , Hashimoto Takeshi , Uyeshima Makoto 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Ishikari Lowland on the island of Hokkaido in northeastern Japan is situated at the end of a westward‐moving foreland fold‐and‐thrust belt from the Hidaka collision zone, where the northeastern Japan and Kurile arcs meet. This activity forms a tectonic zone under an east‐west compression field in this region. A magnetotelluric resistivity survey was performed to investigate the mechanism for the strain concentration in this region. A three‐dimensional (3‐D) resistivity inversion showed a conductive thick sedimentary layer and an underlying resistive basement. Remarkable conductors were found in the resistive basement beneath the Ishikari‐teichi‐toen fault zone (ITFZ) and the Shikotsu caldera. The conductors beneath the ITFZ were interpreted as aqueous fluids that accumulated in the damaged zone in connection with the formation of pull‐apart faults and horst. In contrast, the conductor beneath the Shikotsu caldera corresponds to a magmatic fluid path from the upper mantle. These features suggest that the ductile deformation in the upper crust contribute to the strain concentration in this region. The soft thick sediments allow ductile deformations to occur. Furthermore, local fluid‐rich zones in the basement cause the crustal strength to be heterogeneous. These thick sediments and local fluids in the basement both contribute to the strain concentration in this region.
An on‐site alert level early warning system for Italy
Authors: Caruso A. , Colombelli S. , Elia L. , Picozzi M. , Zollo A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn earthquake early warning (EEW) system is a real‐time seismic monitoring infrastructure that has the capability to provide warnings to target cities before the arrival of the strongest shaking waves. In order to provide a rapid alert when targets are very close to the epicenter of the events, we developed an on‐site EEW approach and evaluated its performance at the Italian national scale. The system is a P wave‐based method that measures in real time two parameters: the initial peak displacement (Pd) and the average period (τc). As output, the system provides the predicted ground‐shaking intensity at the monitored site, the alert level, and a qualitative classification of both earthquake magnitude and source‐to‐receiver distance. We applied the on‐site EEW methodology to a data set of Italian earthquakes, with magnitude ranging from 3.8 to 6, and evaluated the performance of the system in terms of correct warning and lead times (i.e., time available for security actions at the target). The results of this retrospective analysis show that for the large majority of the analyzed cases, the method is able to deliver a correct warning shortly after the P wave detection, with more than 80% of successful intensity predictions at the target site. The lead times increase with distance, with a value of 8–10 s at 50 km and 15–18 s at 100 km.
September Arctic sea ice extent indicated by June reflected solar radiation
Authors: Zhan Yizhe , Davies Roger 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe predictability of the minimum sea ice extent (SIE) in the Arctic in September, especially for large anomaly years, is of strong current interest, given the rapid decline in sea ice amount. Our results show that June reflected solar radiation (RSR) is closely related to the underlying sea ice condition in that month and can be used to achieve September SIE predictions with good accuracy. The correlation coefficient between detrended June RSR and September SIE reaches 0.91 based on 16 year satellite observations, and the relatively high forecast skill using Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 reanalysis data is similar to or better than other complex prediction models. The results confirm the particular importance of the early summer sea ice state and help to explain the abrupt declines of September SIE in the 21st century (2007 and 2012).
Influence of grafting content on the properties of cured natural rubber grafted with PMMAs using glutaraldehyde as a cross‐linking agent
Authors: Kalkornsurapranee Ekwipoo , Yung‐Aoon Wanida , Thongnuanchan Bencha , Thitithammawong Anoma , Nakason Charoen , Johns Jobish 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this work, we present an easy way to vulcanize natural rubber using glutaraldehyde as a cross‐linking agent. The effect of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) grafting along with cross‐linking of natural rubber on the mechanical, thermal, and oil resistance properties was studied. The main objective of this work was to improve the properties of cured natural rubber (NR) based on glutaraldehyde (GA) as a curing agent by using modified NR. Cured NR‐g‐PMMA with different grafting levels were studied systematically and compared with cured natural rubber. A remarkable improvement in the properties of natural rubber was obtained by grafting PMMA. Higher tensile strength without much reduction in elongation at break can be achieved by curing NR‐g‐PMMA with glutaraldehyde. The natural rubber grafted with PMMA and subsequently cured with glutaraldehyde as a cross‐linking agent was found to be a useful technique for improving the properties of natural rubber products.
A Substrate‐Directed Diastereoselective Synthesis of Vicinal Diamines Using an A3‐Coupling Strategy: An Application to the Total Synthesis of (+)‐ and (−)‐Epiquinamides
Authors: Ajay Sama , Saidhareddy Puli , Shaw Arun K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed highly diastereoselective multicomponent reaction (MCR) of α‐amino aldehydes, dibenzylamine and various alkynes leading to propargyl syn 1,2‐diamines has been established. The methodology has been further supported by the total synthesis of (+)‐ and (−)‐epiquinamides from A3‐coupled adducts derived from l‐ and d‐pipecolic acids, respectively, in overall yields of 31 %.