bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can quantity of amniotic fluid reliably predict postnatal renal function in boys with posterior urethral valves: a decision curve analysis
Authors: Harper Luke , Waubant Alice , Vignes Julien , Amat Sara , Dobremez Eric , Lefevre Yan , Ferdynus Cyril 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivePrenatal management of male fetuses with suspected posterior urethral valves depends on reliable markers for postnatal long‐term renal function. Whether ultrasound parameters, including the presence or absence of oligohydramnios, are reliable remains the subject of debate. We decided to evaluate the reliability of quantity of amniotic fluid to predict postnatal renal function using decision curve analysis (DCA), a method for evaluating the clinical utility of a diagnostic test.MethodsWe analyzed retrospectively 51 male fetuses born with prenatally suspected posterior urethral valves between 2009 and 2012. We studied the relationship between quantity of amniotic fluid on prenatal ultrasound and the nadir creatinine during the first year of life as a proxy of postnatal renal function using DCA.ResultsTwelve fetuses presented with prenatal oligohydramnios. Thirty‐one children had a normal nadir creatinine, of which one had prenatal oligohydramnios (3.2%). Thirteen had a nadir creatinine between 35 and 75 μmol/L, of which four had prenatal oligohydramnios (30.8%). Seven had a nadir creatinine >75 μmol/L, all of them had prenatal oligohydramnios.ConclusionIn this retrospective study, DCA confirms the relationship between prenatal quantity of amniotic fluid volume and postnatal renal function. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcome of prenatally diagnosed congenital lung anomalies in the North of England: a review of 228 cases to aid in prenatal counselling
Authors: Walker Lesley , Cohen Kelly , Rankin Judith , Crabbe David 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe data on congenital lung anomalies identified on prenatal ultrasound from two centres in the North of England.MethodThis retrospective case series includes all cases notified to the Northern Congenital Abnormality Survey from 1990 to 2010 and to Leeds Regional Fetal Medicine Unit 2000–2015.ResultsThere were a total of 228 cases, 101 from Northern Congenital Abnormality Survey and 127 from Leeds Regional Fetal Medicine Unit. Eight‐five per cent were unilateral congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs), 2% bilateral CPAMs and 11% bronchopulmonary sequestrations. Mediastinal shift was present in 50% of cases, occurring more frequently in macrocystic CPAMs and larger lesions. Polyhydramnios was evident in 28%, and fetal hydrops occurred in 9%. Prenatal regression occurred in 54%, and lesions were no longer visible on ultrasound in 27% at a later gestation. Prenatal intervention was performed in 5% of cases, and postnatal surgical intervention was required in 12% due to ongoing respiratory symptoms. Regression of fetal hydrops occurred in five cases.ConclusionThe outcome was favourable in 83% cases. Prenatal regression was common, and macrocystic lesions were less likely to regress than microcystic lesions. No specific prenatal features predicted the need for early surgical intervention. The data analysed in this prenatal series will help when counselling prenatal cases. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adherence with direct oral anticoagulants in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation new users and associated factors: a French nationwide cohort study
Authors: Maura Géric , Pariente Antoine , Alla François , Billionnet Cécile 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been promoted in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (nv‐AF) as a more convenient alternative to vitamin K antagonists. We estimated 1‐year dabigatran and rivaroxaban adherence rates in nv‐AF patients and assessed associations between baseline patient characteristics and nonadherence.MethodsThis cohort study included OAC‐naive nv‐AF patients with no contraindications to OAC, who initiated dabigatran and rivaroxaban, using nationwide data from French national health care databases. One‐year adherence was defined by the proportion of days covered of 80% or more over a fixed 1‐year period after treatment initiation. Associations between nonadherence and baseline patient characteristics were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsThe population was composed of 11 141 dabigatran (women: 48%; mean age: 74 ± 10.7 y; ≥80 y: 34.9%) and 11 126 rivaroxaban (46.5%; 74 ± 10.9 y; 34.8%) new users. One‐year adherence was 53.3% in dabigatran‐treated and 59.9% in rivaroxaban‐treated patients, consistent with numerous subgroup analyses. A switch to vitamin K antagonist was observed in 14.5% of dabigatran and 11.7% of rivaroxaban patients; 10.2% and 5.9% of patients switched to another DOAC, respectively; and 4.3% of patients died in the 2 cohorts. In patients who did not die or switch during the follow‐up, 1‐year adherence was 69.6% in dabigatran‐treated and 72.3% in rivaroxaban‐treated patients. Having concomitant ischemic heart diseases was associated with an increased risk of nonadherence in the 2 cohorts.ConclusionIn this real‐life study, 1‐year adherence to DOAC is poor in nv‐AF new users. Despite the introduction of DOAC, adherence to OACs may remain a significant challenge in AF patients.
Population‐based incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes: medical claims data analysis in Japan
Authors: Takeuchi Masato , Kawamura Taichi , Sato Izumi , Kawakami Koji 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeDetermination of the incidence rate of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is urgent, in response to the safety issue with use of the glucose lowering drugs, sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors, and DKA.MethodsWe extracted data of adult patients with T2DM from a medical claims database in Japan, which included 1 million individuals. The study period was 2005–2013, before the era of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors. The inclusion criteria were patients with a diagnosis of T2DM who had at least 1 prescription for a glucose‐lowering drug. We further examined the number of DKA‐related admissions and medication use prior to admission. Calculation of DKA incidence was on a patient‐years basis, with 95% confidence interval using a Poisson distribution.ResultsOf 36,674 adult patients with T2DM, we identified 74 cases admitted for DKA, with an estimated DKA incidence of 0.48/1000 (95% confidence interval, 0.38–0.60/1000) patient‐years. Of these 74 cases, approximately two‐thirds of patients had no past or recent history of glucose‐lowering drug use before admission for DKA.ConclusionsThis study estimated that the incidence of DKA was 0.48/1000 patient‐years in Japan, similar to previous studies. We also found that underuse of glucose‐lowering medication was common among patients hospitalized for DKA.KEY POINTS

The population‐based incidence of DKA in T2DM is largely unknown.
In Japan, the estimated DKA incidence was 0.48/1000 (95% CI, 0.38–0.60/1000) patient‐years.
Drug‐induced DKA is an emerging research area, and our results can be applied to evaluating the risk of DKA.
Perceived employer‐related barriers and facilitators for work participation of cancer survivors: A systematic review of employers' and survivors' perspectives
Authors: Greidanus M.A. , de Boer A.G.E.M. , de Rijk A.E. , Tiedtke C.M. , Dierckx de Casterlé B. , Frings‐Dresen M.H.W. , Tamminga S.J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo identify employer‐related barriers and facilitators for work participation of cancer survivors from the perspective of both employers and cancer survivors, and to synthesise these perceived barriers and facilitators to understand their perceived consequences.MethodsA systematic review of qualitative studies focusing on employers' and cancer survivors' perspectives on the work participation of cancer survivors was performed. Four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Business Source Premier) were systematically searched, and the quality of studies included was assessed using the CASP checklist. Perceived barriers and facilitators were extracted and synthesised to conduct a content analysis.ResultsFive studies representing the employers' perspectives and 47 studies representing the cancer survivors' perspectives were included. Employers perceived barriers and facilitators related to support, communication, RTW policies, knowledge about cancer, balancing interests and roles, and attitude. Survivors perceived barriers and facilitators related to support, communication, work environment, discrimination, and perception of work ability. The synthesis found that the employers' willingness to support can be understood by perceptions they have of the survivor, goals of the employer, and national or organisational policies. Employers require knowledge about cancer and RTW policies to be able to support survivors.ConclusionsThis review identified a plurality of and a large variety in perceived employer‐related barriers and facilitators for work participation of cancer survivors, which can be understood to be related to both employers' willingness and ability to support. There is a need for interventions targeting employers, with the aim of enhancing the sustainable work participation of cancer survivors.
Influence of Prostanoids in the Diuretic and Natriuretic Effects of Extracts and Kaempferitrin from Bauhinia forficata Link Leaves in Rats
Authors: de Souza Priscila , da Silva Luisa Mota , Boeing Thaise , Somensi Lincon Bordignon , Cechinel‐Zanchett Camile Cecconi , Campos Adriana , Krueger Clarissa de Medeiros Amorim , Bastos Jairo Kenupp , Cechinel‐Filho Valdir , Andrade Sérgio Faloni de 
Published: July 2017

Although Bauhinia forficata Link is popularly used in Brazil to induce diuresis, no scientific investigation has focused on demonstrating its efficacy in preclinical trials. For that, normotensive male Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats were used to test the effect of extracts and kaempferitrin obtained from Bauhinia forficata leaves in the experimental model of diuresis. Cumulative urine volume, Na+ and K+ excretion, calcium, creatinine, prostaglandin E2, pH, density, and conductivity were measured at the end of the experiment (after 8 or 24 h). The treatment with aqueous infusion, methanolic extract, trichloromethane, or ethyl acetate–butanolic fractions significantly increase urinary volume and electrolytes levels when orally given to rats, without altering the pH or density parameters. Kaempferitrin induced diuretic, natriuretic, but not kaliuretic effects in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. In addition, kaempferitrin enhanced urinary creatinine and prostaglandin E2 excretion, without modifying calcium levels. Kaempferitrin‐induced diuresis was unaffected by previous treatment with a nonselective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and neither with a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist. On the other hand, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor was able to decrease its effect when compared with vehicle‐treated rats, suggesting that the diuretic and natriuretic properties from kaempferitrin are associated with endogenous prostanoids generation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative ions, molecular electron affinity and orbital structure of cata‐condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Khatymov Rustem V. , Muftakhov Mars V. , Shchukin Pavel V. 
Published: July 2017

RationalePolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are molecules of ecological, astrochemical significance that find practical applications in organic electronics, photonics and the chemical synthesis of novel materials. The utility of these molecules often implies the occurrence of their ionized forms. Studies in the gas phase of elementary processes of energy‐controlled interaction of molecules with low‐energy electrons shed light on the mechanisms of transient negative ion formation and evolution.MethodsExperiments with the individual compounds representing homologous and/or isomeric series of cata‐condensed polyaromatic hydrocarbons were carried out by means of negative ion mass spectrometry in the resonant electron capture mode. Literature data obtained by complementary techniques and theoretical quantum chemical methods (ab initio and density functional theory (DFT)) were invoked to treat the experimental observations.ResultsMost polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules form long‐lived molecular negative ions when exposed to free electrons of thermal or epi‐thermal energy, and no fragmentation is observed up to ca 5 eV. The lifetimes of such ions with respect to the spontaneous loss of extra‐electron vary from tens of microseconds for angular and branched PAH molecules to milliseconds for linear ones, and correlate with the adiabatic electron affinity (EA) of molecules. Detailed analysis of the electronic (orbital) structure of the molecules made it possible to rationalize the relatively low EAs of angular and branched PAH compared with those of linear ones.ConclusionsThe obtained results contribute to the field of electron‐molecule interactions and may be of importance for the better comprehension of the functioning of organic electronics, for the synthesis of relevant novel materials, and the development of efficient analytical methods capable of discriminating structural isomers.
The influence of coarse particle mobility on scour depth in salmonid spawning habitat
Authors: Dusterhoff S.R. , Sloat M.R. , Ligon F.K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study examined the influence of flow hydraulics and coarse particle mobility on bed scour adjacent to coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) redds in a coastal California watershed for a bankfull flood. It was theorized that coarse particle mobility (i.e., mobility of particles larger than the median bed particle size, D50) exerts a strong control on bed scour depth. Maximum scour depth at the study sites was found to be negatively correlated with flow shear stress, which is dissimilar to findings from previous scour studies in spawning reaches. This resulted from a relatively similar coarse particle size (D84) for all study sites and a negative relationship between shear stress and coarse particle exposure to flow (or the D84/D50 ratio), which together caused sites with low shear stress to have a high degree of localized coarse particle mobility and an associated high maximum scour depth. This study provides new insights into the vulnerability of spawning reaches with low flow energy to redd scour and highlights the need to consider the mobility of coarse particle sizes explicitly when examining the dominant controls on redd scour.
Artificial Active Nanoreactor with Nature‐Inspired Sequential Catalytic Ability
Authors: Zuo Chongchong , Wei Wenjing , Zhou Qin , Wu Shuping , Li Songjun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study is aimed at addressing the present challenge in tandem catalysis, where the sequential catalytic processes are often not compatible with each other and even engage in each other. The objective is met by reporting an artificial “active” nanoreactor capable of sequential catalytic ability. This nanoreactor is made of nature‐inspired “active” compartments consisting of core‐and‐shell architectures. The “active” compartments allow the nanoreactor to catalytically separate the tandem processes from each other, avoiding the occurrence of mutual interferences. Unlike the use of reported nanoreactors and conventional bi‐functional catalysts, the tandem catalysis at this nanoreactor involves neither the mutual competition nor the spatiotemporal mismatching between the tandem processes. This nanoreactor suggests a potential model for achieving sequential catalytic ability.
Facile Synthesis of a Heteroatoms′ Quaternary‐Doped Porous Carbon as an Efficient and Stable Metal‐Free Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhang Mei , Zhang Miao‐Miao , Wei Yong‐Sheng , Dong Xi‐Yan , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFacile preparation of metal‐free materials as efficient, stable and economical catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is highly desirable but remains challenging for metal‐air battery and fuel cell applications. Herein, firstly through pyrolysing tea dregs with inorganic salts, we developed a simple approach to synthesize a heteroatoms quaternary‐doped (B, N, P, S) porous carbon as a new metal‐free ORR catalyst. Remarkably, after doping with heteroatoms, such prepared hybrid material displays significantly higher onset potential and limiting diffusion current density than the corresponding undoped carbon with similar specific surface area, and much better stability than commercial Pt/C catalyst in alkaline and even neutral solutions. Notably, when used in a Zn–air battery, our hybrid catalyst can reveal comparable open circuit voltage and power density, but better stability than these of Pt/C catalyst as well.
Neighborhoods, Schools, and Academic Achievement: A Formal Mediation Analysis of Contextual Effects on Reading and Mathematics Abilities
Authors: Wodtke Geoffrey T. , Parbst Matthew 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough evidence indicates that neighborhoods affect educational outcomes, relatively little research has explored the mechanisms thought to mediate these effects. This study investigates whether school poverty mediates the effect of neighborhood context on academic achievement. Specifically, it uses longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, counterfactual methods, and a value-added modeling strategy to estimate the total, natural direct, and natural indirect effects of exposure to an advantaged rather than disadvantaged neighborhood on reading and mathematics abilities during childhood and adolescence. Contrary to expectations, results indicate that school poverty is not a significant mediator of neighborhood effects during either developmental period. Although moving from a disadvantaged neighborhood to an advantaged neighborhood is estimated to substantially reduce subsequent exposure to school poverty and improve academic achievement, school poverty does not play an important mediating role because even the large differences in school composition linked to differences in neighborhood context appear to have no appreciable effect on achievement. An extensive battery of sensitivity analyses indicates that these results are highly robust to unobserved confounding, alternative model specifications, alternative measures of school context, and measurement error, which suggests that neighborhood effects on academic achievement are largely due to mediating factors unrelated to school poverty.
The number sense is neither last resort nor of primary import
Authors: Beran Michael J. , Parrish Audrey E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeibovich et al. argue that evidence for an innate sense of number in children and animals may instead reflect the processing of continuous magnitude properties. However, some comparative research highlights responding on the basis of numerosity when non-numerical confounds are controlled. Future comparative tests might evaluate how early experience with continuous magnitudes affects the development of a sense of number.
Is the ANS linked to mathematics performance?
Authors: Inglis Matthew , Batchelor Sophie , Gilmore Camilla , Watson Derrick G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeibovich et al. argue persuasively that researchers should not assume that approximate number system (ANS) tasks harness an innate sense of number. However, some studies have reported a causal link between ANS tasks and mathematics performance, implicating the ANS in the development of numerical skills. Here we report a p-curve analysis, which indicates that these experimental studies do not contain evidential value.
Right idea, wrong magnitude system
Authors: Lourenco Stella F. , Aulet Lauren S. , Ayzenberg Vladislav , Cheung Chi-Ngai , Holmes Kevin J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeibovich et al. claim that number representations are non-existent early in life and that the associations between number and continuous magnitudes reside in stimulus confounds. We challenge both claims – positing, instead, that number is represented independently of continuous magnitudes already in infancy, but is nonetheless more deeply connected to other magnitudes through adulthood than acknowledged by the “sense of magnitude” theory.
Number faculty is alive and kicking: On number discriminations and number neurons
Authors: Nieder Andreas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeibovich et al. advocate for a single “sense of magnitude” to which a dedicated faculty for number could allegedly be reduced. This conclusion is unjustified as the authors adopt an unnecessarily narrow definition of “number sense,” neglect studies that demonstrate non-symbolic numerosity representation, and furthermore ignore abstract number representations in the brain.
Numerical magnitude evaluation as a foundation for decision making
Authors: Olivola Christopher Y. , Chater Nick 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe evaluation of magnitudes serves as a foundation not only for numerical and mathematical cognition, but also for decision making. Recent theoretical developments and empirical studies have linked numerical magnitude evaluation to a wide variety of core phenomena in decision making and challenge the idea that preferences are driven by an innate, universal, and stable sense of number or value.
How not to develop a sense of number
Authors: Opfer John E. , McCrink Koleen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe authors rightly point to the theoretical importance of interactions of space and number through the life span, yet propose a theory with several weaknesses. In addition to proclaiming itself unfalsifiable, its stage-like format and emphasis on the role of selective attention are at odds with what is known about the development of spatial-numerical associations in infancy.
What is a number? The interplay between number and continuous magnitudes
Authors: Rugani Rosa , Castiello Umberto , Priftis Konstantinos , Spoto Andrea , Sartori Luisa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeibovich et al. argue that it is impossible to control for all continuous magnitudes in a numerical task. We contend that continuous magnitudes (i.e., perimeter, area, density) can be simultaneously controlled. Furthermore, we argue that shedding light on the interplay between number and continuous magnitudes – rather than considering them independently – will provide a much more fruitful approach to understanding mathematical abilities.
A “sense of magnitude” requires a new alternative for learning numerical symbols
Authors: Sasanguie Delphine , Reynvoet Bert 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeibovich et al. proposed that the processing of numerosities is based primarily on a “sense of magnitude.” The consequences of this proposal for how numerical symbols acquire their meaning are, however, neglected. We argue that symbols cannot be learned by associating them with a system that is not yet able to derive discrete numbers accurately because of immature cognitive control.
Numerical intuitions in infancy: Give credit where credit is due
Authors: Savelkouls Sophie , Cordes Sara 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeibovich et al. overlook numerous human infant studies pointing to an early emerging number sense. These studies have carefully manipulated continuous magnitudes in the context of a numerical task revealing that infants can discriminate number when extent is controlled, that infants fail to track extent cues with precision, and that infants find changes in extent less salient than numerical changes.
Controlling for continuous variables is not futile: What we can learn about number representation despite imperfect control
Authors: vanMarle Kristy 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeibovich et al. argue that because it is impossible to isolate numerosity in a stimulus set, attempts to show that number is processed independently of continuous magnitudes are necessarily in vain. I propose that through clever design and manipulation of confounding variables, we can gain deep insight into number representation and its relationship to the representation of other magnitudes.