bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive suppression follows threats to child survival
Authors: Saxton K. B. , Gemmill A. , Catalano R. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNatural selection presumably conserved mechanisms that allow females to block or terminate gestation when environmental circumstances threaten the survival of offspring. One example of this adaptive reproductive suppression, the Bruce effect, has been identified in several species, both in the laboratory and in the wild. Although descriptive epidemiology reports low fertility among women experiencing stressful circumstances, attempts to detect a Bruce effect in humans have been rare and limited. We contribute to this limited work by examining the relationship between the odds of child death and the sex ratio at birth in Sweden for the years 1751–1840. We find evidence of a generalized Bruce effect in humans in that unexpected changes in child mortality predict opposite unexpected changes in the secondary sex ratio in the following year, even after adjusting for period life expectancy. Our analysis broadens the scope of the Bruce effect literature to include humans, suggesting that women, through noncognitive decisional biology, adjust reproductive strategies and investments in response to changing environmental conditions.
Targeted advertising, platform competition, and privacy
Authors: Kox Henk , Straathof Bas , Zwart Gijsbert 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTargeted advertising can benefit consumers through lower prices for access to web sites. Yet, if consumers dislike that web sites collect their personal information, their welfare may go down. We study competition for consumers between web sites that can show targeted advertisements. We find that more targeting increases competition and reduces the web sites' profits, but yet in equilibrium web sites choose maximum targeting as they cannot credibly commit to low targeting. A privacy protection policy can be beneficial for both consumers and web sites. If consumers are heterogeneous in their concerns for privacy, a policy that allows choice between two levels of privacy will be better. Optimal privacy protection takes into account that the more intense competition on the high‐targeting market segment also benefits consumers on the less competitive segment. Consumer surplus is maximized by allowing them a choice between a high‐targeting regime and a low‐targeting regime which affords more privacy.
Scientific research, firm heterogeneity, and foreign R&D locations of multinational firms
Authors: Belderbos René , Leten Bart , Suzuki Shinya 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe examine the influence of host countries’ scientific research strengths on global R&D location choices by multinational firms. In an analysis of 277 new R&D activities identified for 175 firms in 40 host countries and 30 technology fields, we find that the strength of relevant university research positively affects the likelihood that host countries attract foreign R&D. When allowing for firm heterogeneity, university scientific research appears only a significant factor for firms with a strong science orientation in their R&D activities. Host countries’ corporate scientific research has no systematic influence on R&D location choices. Empirical results are replicated in an analysis at the regional level covering regions in Europe, the United States, and Japan.
Mortality and hemorrhagic complications associated with radiofrequency ablation for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients on hemodialysis for end‐stage renal disease: A nationwide survey
Authors: Sato Masaya , Tateishi Ryosuke , Yasunaga Hideo , Matsui Hiroki , Horiguchi Hiromasa , Fushimi Kiyohide , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground and AimBecause of the rarity of invasive treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients on hemodialysis (HD) for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), the risks associated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in such patients remain uncertain. We used a nationwide database to investigate in‐hospital mortality and hemorrhagic complications following RFA in patients on HD for ESRD.MethodsUsing the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we enrolled patients on HD for ESRD who underwent RFA for HCC. For each patient, we randomly selected up to four non‐dialyzed patients using a matched‐pair sampling method based on patient age, sex, treatment hospital, and treatment year. In‐hospital mortality and hemorrhagic complications were compared between dialyzed and non‐dialyzed patients following RFA.ResultsWe compared matched‐pair samples of 437 dialyzed and 1345 non‐dialyzed patients. In patients on HD for ESRD, mortality was significantly lower in those aged ≤70 years than in older patients (P = 0.02). In‐hospital mortality was significantly higher in dialyzed ESRD patients than in non‐dialyzed patients (1.1% vs 0.15%, respectively; odds ratio = 7.77, P < 0.001). Hemorrhagic complications differed significantly between dialyzed ESRD patients and non‐dialyzed patients (3.4% vs 0.87%, respectively; odds ratio = 4.75, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn‐hospital mortality following RFA was higher in dialyzed ESRD patients than in non‐dialyzed patients. The indications for RFA in dialysis‐dependent patients should be considered carefully. Patient age may be a useful indicator when considering RFA for HCC in patients on HD for ESRD.
Microscopic dual‐energy CT (microDECT): a flexible tool for multichannelex vivo3D imaging of biological specimens
Authors: HANDSCHUH S. , BEISSER C.J. , RUTHENSTEINER B. , METSCHER B.D. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryDual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) uses two different x‐ray energy spectra in order to differentiate between tissues, materials or elements in a single sample or patient. DECT is becoming increasingly popular in clinical imaging and preclinicalin vivoimaging of small animal models, but there have been only very few reports onex vivoDECT of biological samples at microscopic resolutions. The present study has three main aims. First, we explore the potential of microscopic DECT (microDECT) for delivering isotropic multichannel 3D images of fixed biological samples with standard commercial laboratory‐based microCT setups at spatial resolutions reaching below 10m. Second, we aim for retaining the maximum image resolution and quality during the material decomposition. Third, we want to test the suitability for microDECT imaging of different contrast agents currently used forex vivostaining of biological samples. To address these aims, we used microCT scans of four different samples stained with x‐ray dense contrast agents. MicroDECT scans were acquired with five different commercial microCT scanners from four companies. We present a detailed description of the microDECT workflow, including sample preparation, image acquisition, image processing and postreconstruction material decomposition, which may serve as practical guide for applying microDECT. The MATLAB script (The Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA, USA) used for material decomposition (including a graphical user interface) is provided as a supplement to this paper (https://github.com/microDECT/DECTDec). In general, the presented microDECT workflow yielded satisfactory results for all tested specimens. Original scan resolutions have been mostly retained in the separate material fractions after basis material decomposition. In addition to decomposition of mineralized tissues (inherent sample contrast) and stained soft tissues, we present a case of double labelling of different soft tissues with subsequent material decomposition. We conclude that, in contrast toin vivoDECT examinations, smallex vivospecimens offer some clear advantages regarding technical parameters of the microCT setup and the use of contrast agents. These include a higher flexibility in source peak voltages and x‐ray filters, a lower degree of beam hardening due to small sample size, the lack of restriction to nontoxic contrast agents and the lack of a limit in exposure time and radiation dose. We argue that microDECT, because of its flexibility combined with already established contrast agents and the vast number of currently unexploited stains, will in future represent an important technique for various applications in biological research.
PKC epsilon‐dependent calcium oscillations associated with metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 prevent agonist‐mediated receptor desensitization in astrocytes
Authors: Vergouts Maxime , Doyen Pierre J. , Peeters Michael , Opsomer Remi , Michiels Thomas , Hermans Emmanuel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA critical role has been assigned to protein kinase C (PKC)ε in the control of intracellular calcium oscillations triggered upon activation of type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) in cultured astrocytes. Nevertheless, the physiological significance of this particular signalling profile in the response of astrocytes to glutamate remains largely unknown. Considering that kinases are frequently involved in the regulation of G protein‐coupled receptors, we have examined a putative link between the nature of the calcium signals and the response regulation upon repeated exposures of astrocytes to the agonist (S)‐3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine. We show that upon repeated mGluR5 activations, a robust desensitization was observed in astrocytes grown in culture conditions favouring the peak‐plateau‐type response. At variance, in cell cultures where calcium oscillations were predominating, the response was fully preserved even during repeated challenges with the agonist. Pharmacological inhibition of PKCε or genetic suppression of this isoform using shRNA was found to convert an oscillatory calcium profile to a sustained calcium mobilization and this latter profile was subject to desensitization upon repetitive mGluR5 activation. Our results suggest a yet undocumented scheme in which the activity of PKCε contributes to preserve the receptor sensitivity upon repeated or sustained activations.
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Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13797.
Decorin-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles modified by anti-alpha fetoprotein antibody: preparation, proliferation inhibition and induced apoptosis effects on HepG2 cells in vitro
Authors: Yang Qiaoli , Wang Shuyue , Wang Yuan , Qu Yane , Xue Jun , Mi Yang , Wang Yanhong , Luo Xuguang , Deng Zhihua , Wang Guiqin 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Decorin (DCN) is a negative regulatory factor for the growth of cancer cells and can inhibit the proliferation, metastasis of cancer cells and angiogenesis in cancer tissues. The aims of this study were to prepare the nanoparticles consisting of DCN and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) modified by anti-alpha fetoprotein (AFP) monoclonal antibody (mAb) and to examine the conventional physical properties, the in-vitro release of DCN and the targeting effect of these nanoparticles on HepG2 cells.

Key findings
The encapsulated plasmid was slowly and steadily released from the nanoparticles. The targeted PLGA nanoparticles were initiatively taken in HepG2 cells high-efficiently. According to the results of RT-PCR, DCN gene in AFPmAb-PLGA-rhDCN nanoparticles can be expressed in HepG2 cells successfully. These nanoparticles significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells and induced apoptosis. The mRNA expression of Bcl-2 gene in the AFPmAb-PLGA-rhDCN-treated groups appeared significantly to decrease and the caspase-3 gene had the opposite trend as compared with that of control group (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
These studies revealed that these nanoparticles were capable of specifically targeting the HepG2 cells and inhibiting the proliferation and they induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells in vitro, which was in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
Single‐aliquot, non‐bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of metastatic mammary tumours in dogs
Authors: Pavelski M. , Correa Leite N. , Pedri E. , Guérios S. D. , De Sousa R. S. , Rodrigues Froes T. , Triches Dornbusch P. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the use of bronchoalveolar lavage as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of neoplastic lung metastasis from mammary tumours in dogs.MethodsA single‐institution prospective observational study including 20 healthy dogs and 30 with mammary tumours. Thoracic radiography and single‐aliquot, non‐bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage with cytology interpretation was performed in all animals and the results compared between groups.ResultsDogs with mammary gland tumours and radiographic evidence of pulmonary metastasis had significantly higher relative neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid than dogs with tumours without evidence of metastasis. In only one dog, in which thoracic radiographs were normal, were malignant cells identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.Clinical SignificanceInflammatory bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in dogs with mammary gland tumours may suggest metastatic disease. Bronchoalveolar lavage does not appear to be sensitive for identifying malignant cells.
Comparison of routinely used intestinal biopsy forceps in dogs: an ex vivo histopathological approach
Authors: Dahan J. , Semin M. O. , Monton C. , Amiriantz S. , Concordet D. , Raymond‐Letron I. , Dossin O. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo compare the quality of duodenal and ileal samples obtained with different biopsy forceps.MethodsFifteen dogs were included in a prospective ex vivo study. After euthanasia, the duodenum and the ileum were sampled with four different forceps and evaluated according to a standardised scoring system. The biopsy forceps evaluated had alligator jaws or cups with smooth edge with or without a needle.ResultsThe global quality of the biopsies was better in the ileum that in the duodenum regardless of the biopsy forceps. Biopsy forceps with smooth edge including a needle resulted in fewer artefacts than biopsy forceps with smooth edge but no needle in both sites and those with alligator jaws without a needle provided deeper biopsies than those with smooth edge without a needle only in the duodenum. There was no effect of the biopsy forceps type on the size of the biopsies.Clinical SignificanceOur findings may aid in choosing the appropriate type of forceps for intestinal biopsy.
Role of HLA‐DP and HLA‐DQ on the clearance of hepatitis B virus and the risk of chronic infection in a multiethnic population
Authors: Trinks Julieta , Nishida Nao , Hulaniuk María Laura , Caputo Mariela , Tsuchiura Takayo , Marciano Sebastián , Haddad Leila , Blejer Jorgelina , Bartoli Sonia , Ameigeiras Beatriz , Frías Silvia E. , Vistarini Cecilia , Heinrich Fabiana , Remondegui Carlos , Ceballos Susana , Echenique Gustavo , Charre Samman Miguel , D'Amico Claudia , Rojas Amalia , Martínez Alfredo , Ridruejo Ezequiel , Fernández Roberto J. , Burgos Pratx Leandro , Salamone Horacio , Nuñez Félix , Galdame Omar , Gadano Adrián , Corach Daniel , Sugiyama Masaya , Flichman Diego , Tokunaga Katsushi , Mizokami Masashi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsHBV infection exhibits geographical variation in its distribution in South America. While HBV rates are low in central Argentina, the north‐western region exhibits intermediate HBV rates. Unfortunately, the reasons that could explain this difference are still unknown.MethodsA total of 1440 Argentines were recruited and grouped into HBV patients, HBV‐resolved individuals and healthy controls. Genetic ancestry was assessed by analysis of biparental lineages and ancestry autosomal typing. SNPs of HLA‐DPA1 (rs3077), HLA‐DPB1 (rs9277542), HLA‐DQB1 (rs2856718) and HLA‐DQB2 (rs7453920) were determined, and HBV genotyping was performed by phylogenetic analysis in HBV patients.ResultsNative American ancestry prevailed in the north‐western region when compared with central Argentina (P<.0001). However, no differences were observed among the three groups of each region. The distribution of HBV genotypes revealed significant differences (P<.0001). Three SNPs (rs3077, rs9277542 and rs7453920) showed a significant association with protection against chronic HBV and viral clearance in both regions. The remaining SNP showed a significant association with susceptibility to chronic HBV. The frequency rates of rs3077‐T, related to protection against chronic HBV and viral clearance, were lower in north‐western Argentina when compared with central Argentina. The same uneven frequency rates were observed for SNP rs9277542.ConclusionsThis is the first study addressing the associations between the HLA‐DP and HLA‐DQ loci and the protection against chronic HBV and viral clearance in a multiethnic South American population. The uneven distribution of HLA‐DP and HLA‐DQ supports the HBV epidemiological differences observed in these two regions of Argentina with dissimilar ancestry genetic background.
The effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucagon‐like peptide‐2 on microcirculation: A systematic review
Authors: Nerup Nikolaj , Ambrus Rikard , Lindhe Joanna , Achiam Michael P. , Jeppesen Palle B. , Svendsen Lars B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGLP‐1 and GLP‐2 are gut‐derived hormones used in the treatment of diabetes type‐2 and short bowel syndrome, respectively. GLP‐1 attenuates insulin resistance and GLP‐2 reduces enterocyte apoptosis and enhances crypt cell proliferation in the small intestine. In addition, both hormones have vasoactive effects and may be useful in situations with impaired microcirculation. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of the potential effects of GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 on microcirculation. A systematic search was performed independently by two authors in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Scopus, and Web of Science. Of 1111 screened papers, 20 studies were included in this review: 16 studies in animals, three in humans, and one in humans and rats. The studies were few and heterogeneous and had a high risk of bias. However, it seems that GLP‐1 regulates the pancreatic, skeletal, and cardiac muscle flow, indicating a role in the glucose homeostasis, while GLP‐2 acts primarily in the regulation of the microcirculation of the mid‐intestine. These findings may be useful in gastrointestinal surgery and in situations with impaired microcirculation of the gut.
Developing a Native Digital Voice: Technology and Inclusivity in Museums
Authors: Pohawpatchoko Calvin , Colwell Chip , Powell Jami , Lassos Jerry 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe exclusion of Native Americans from their own cultural heritage is a persistent problem in twenty‐first museums. Although in recent decades museums have greatly expanded their programs and institutional frameworks to be more inclusive, experimental projects remain vital to creating new bridges between American museums and Native Americans. In 2010 and 2011, an innovative pilot program titled the “Native American Museum and Technology Workshop” was hosted at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science. The two‐week intensive workshop brought 10 Native American high school students to the museum to create a proposal and working model for an interactive web interface. Although the project did not fundamentally alter the museum's approach to Native culture, it provides one model for expanding how Native Americans can be included in museums through a digital voice.
Multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy to monitor cutaneous carotenoids during supplementation of fruit and vegetable extracts in vivo
Authors: Meinke M. C. , Lohan S. B. , Köcher W. , Magnussen B. , Darvin M. E. , Lademann J. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundA nutrition rich in fruit and vegetables and a healthy lifestyle become more and more important in the industrial countries to counteract oxidative stress and promote health. For many years, it has been possible to control human cutaneous carotenoids noninvasively by resonance Raman spectroscopic systems and by spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy.MethodsTen volunteers took a commercially available fruit and vegetable extract daily for a time period of 5 weeks. A second group served as control group and did not take any supplements (10 volunteers). To monitor the status of the cutaneous carotenoids noninvasively, an optical sensor based on multiple spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy was applied once a week.ResultsThe study could demonstrate that the intake of the supplement significantly increase the cutaneous carotenoid values of the young adults by 50%. The control group without any supplementation showed also significantly increased values, ie, by 10%, which might be due to the fact that their lifestyle was controlled.ConclusionThe results illustrate that a biofeedback by measuring the skin carotenoids could improve the lifestyle of young adults and that a regular consumption of fruit and vegetables directly or as a drink can increase the concentration of cutaneous carotenoids significantly.
The phylogeny of lance lacewings (Neuroptera: Osmylidae)
Authors: WINTERTON SHAUN L. , ZHAO JING , GARZÓN‐ORDUÑA IVONNE J. , WANG YONGJIE , LIU ZHIQI 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe first phylogeny of the lacewing family Osmylidae is presented here based on a total evidence analysis of DNA sequences for multiple gene loci and morphology for representatives of almost all extant genera. Our phylogeny shows a basal dichotomy in the family, with subfamilies Protosmylinae, Spilosmylinae and Gumillinae comprising one lineage, and the other lineage including Osmylinae, Porisminae, Eidoporisminae, Kempyninae and Stenosmylinae. The status of Paryphosmylus Krüger and Lysmus Navás as members of Protosmylinae is affirmed as well as the placement of Gumillinae near Protosmylinae and Spilosmylinae. Our results suggest that Porisminae, Eidoporisminae and Stenosmylinae evolved from a common ancestor, and their relationships, including likely paraphyly of Stenosmylinae, requires further assessment. Divergence time analysis revealed that the family originated during the Late Permian before the break‐up of the supercontinent Pangaea and that present generic distributions are not due to Gondwanan biogeographic events. All major subfamily‐level lineages were present by the end of the Triassic, in agreement with the rich Mesozoic‐aged fossil record for the family.
Intergranular coesite and coesite inclusions in dolomite from the Dabie Shan: Constraints on the preservation of coesite in UHP rocks
Authors: Liu Penglei , Massonne Hans‐Joachim , Zhang Junfeng , Wu Yao , Jin Zhenmin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntergranular coesite is extremely rare in, and bears crucial information on the formation and preservation of, ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) rocks. Here, we report the first occurrence of intergranular coesite in a metasedimentary rock, which occurs in the Ganjialing area in the Dabie Shan, east‐central China, and contains abundant coesite inclusions in both garnet and dolomite. We investigated the content of structural water in these minerals with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Our new results undermine the ubiquity of the “pressure‐vessel” model and highlight the role of reaction kinetics in preserving coesite due to the availability of water in UHP rocks.
Multiword Constructions in the Grammar
Authors: Culicover Peter W. , Jackendoff Ray , Audring Jenny 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThere is ample evidence that speakers’ linguistic knowledge extends well beyond what can be described in terms of rules of compositional interpretation stated over combinations of single words. We explore a range of multiword constructions (MWCs) to get a handle both on the extent of the phenomenon and on the grammatical constraints that may govern it. We consider idioms of various sorts, collocations, compounds, light verbs, syntactic nuts, and assorted other constructions, as well as morphology. Our conclusion is thatMWCs highlight the central role that grammar plays in licensingMWCs in the lexicon and the creation of novelMWCs, and they help to clarify how the lexicon articulates with the rest of the grammar.