bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethanol extract of Vanilla planifolia stems reduces PAK6 expression and induces cell death in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Chang Hui Hua , Chang Alice Y. W. , Tsai Bing‐Chen , Chen Yu‐Ju , Wu Sung‐Ghun , Chen Li‐Jyun , Lin Yi‐Xuan , Hsueh Yuan‐Shuo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant tumour with a poor prognosis. Therefore, potential treatment strategies and novel therapeutic targets have gained increased attention. Our data showed that the ethanol extract of Vanilla planifolia stem (VAS) significantly decreased the viability and the colony formation of GBM cells. Moreover, VAS induced the cleavage of MAP1LC3, a marker of autophagy. Further RNA‐seq and bioinformatic analysis revealed 4248 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between VAS‐treated GBM cells and the control cells. Protein–protein interactions between DEGs with fold changes less than −3 and more than 5 were further analysed, and we found that 16 and 9 hub DEGs, respectively, were correlated with other DEGs. Further qPCR experiments confirmed that 14 hub DEGs was significantly downregulated and 9 hub DEGs was significantly upregulated. In addition, another significantly downregulated DEG, p21‐activated kinase 6 (PAK6), was correlated with the overall survival of GBM patients. Further validation experiments confirmed that VAS significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of PAK6, which led to the abolition of cell viability and colony formation. These findings demonstrated that VAS reduced cell viability, suppressed colony formation and induced autophagy and revealed PAK6 and other DEGs as potential therapeutic targets for GBM treatment.
Other adults in the United States: Improving survey measures of youths' non‐parental adult relationships
Authors: Brown‐Weinstock Rachel , Kang Megan , Edin Kathryn , Pachman Sarah , Bolin Kaitlyn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study uses in‐depth interview data to investigate the impact of non‐parental, “other adults” (OAs) on youth development and highlights the importance of better measuring OAs' contributions through the nation's survey infrastructure.BackgroundExtant survey measures of youths' social relationships were developed in an anomalous historical period of nuclear family dominance. We argue that these measures do not capture the demographic and economic shifts of the late 20th century, which likely made OAs more salient in youths' lives.MethodAnalyses draw on life history interviews with 40 youth‐primary caregiver dyads sampled from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS). We triangulate interview data with questionnaires from the four major nationally representative surveys used in research on youth outcomes to compare how meaningful social ties were described by interviewees versus operationalized in surveys.ResultsWe identified four limitations of extant survey measures in capturing youth–OA relationships. Existing measures typically reproduce the nuclear family model by centering biological and stepparent relationships to the exclusion of OAs; capture OAs' financial contributions but not their socioemotional contributions; neglect harmful OA influences; and treat OAs as aggregates, missing within‐group heterogeneity. We illustrated these limitations using the rich interview data.ConclusionThe FFCWS, drawing on these interviews, has added new measures capturing youth–OA relationships to its year 22 survey wave. Future studies can use these measures to better estimate the population‐level effects of OAs and alternative family structures on the outcomes of youths raised in nonnuclear and disadvantaged families.
Individual Heterogeneity and Trends in Hepatitis C Infection Risk Among People Who Inject Drugs: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Grantz Kyra H. , Cepeda Javier , Astemborski Jacqueline , Kirk Gregory D. , Thomas David L. , Mehta Shruti H. , Wesolowski Amy 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTHepatitis C virus (HCV) causes substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly among people who inject drugs (PWID). While elimination of HCV as a public health problem may be possible through treatment‐as‐prevention, reinfection can attenuate the impact of treatment scale‐up. There is a need to better understand the distribution and temporal trends in HCV infection risk, including among HCV‐seropositive individuals who will be eligible for treatment and at risk for subsequent reinfection. In this analysis of 840 seronegative and seropositive PWID in Baltimore, MD USA, we used random forest methods to develop a composite risk score of HCV infection from sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors. We characterised the individual heterogeneity and temporal trajectories in this composite risk score using latent class methods and compared that index with a simpler, conventional measure, injection drug use frequency. We found that 15% of the population remained at high risk of HCV infection and reinfection by the composite metric for at least 10 years from study enrolment, while others experienced transient periods of moderate and low risk. Membership in this high‐risk group was strongly associated with higher rates of HCV seroconversion and post‐treatment viraemia, as a proxy of reinfection risk. Injection frequency alone was a poor measure of risk, evidenced by the weak associations between injection frequency classes and HCV‐associated outcomes. Together, our results indicate HCV infection risk is not equally distributed among PWID nor well captured by injection frequency alone. HCV elimination programmes should consider targeted, multifaceted interventions among high‐risk individuals to reduce reinfection.
Bycatch in the balance: the trawl fisheries impact on South American sea lions in San Matias Gulf, with comments on other species
Authors: Romero M. Alejandra , Flórez Laura , Reinaldo Matías Ocampo , Machado Rodrigo , Coller Marina , Crespo Enrique A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBycatch is recognized as the primary threat to the viability of marine mammal populations. Given that bycatch levels display strong variations in space and time, knowledge of individual fishery‐marine mammal interaction will likely achieve working solutions. Here, we quantify marine mammal bycatch in the trawl fishery of the San Matías Gulf, Argentina, for the first time using data from onboard observers and fishing effort records. We infer expected annual mortality, evaluate the probability of exceeding conservation thresholds, and explore the importance of relevant covariates to account for broadscale differences in bycatch rates. The South American sea lion (Otaria byronia) was the most incidentally caught species (46 individuals), while only one common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) was taken. Bycatch of sea lions was primarily associated with the catch of the target species, proximity to colonies, and the identity of the target species. The maximum estimated bycatch rate was 0.12 animals/haul and 0.08 animals/tonne of target species landed, with significantly higher bycatch rates observed in the hake fleet. For the whole period, the annual bycatch mortality were below the reference points. Our findings highlight potential hotspots of marine mammal bycatch and provide valuable insights for refining future mitigation measures and enhancing conservation efforts.
Cross‐family transfer of the Arabidopsis cell‐surface immune receptor LORE to tomato confers sensing of 3‐hydroxylated fatty acids and enhanced disease resistance
Authors: Eschrig Sabine , Kahlon Parvinderdeep S. , Agius Carlos , Holzer Andrea , Hückelhoven Ralph , Schwechheimer Claus , Ranf Stefanie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPlant pathogens pose a high risk of yield losses and threaten food security. Technological and scientific advances have improved our understanding of the molecular processes underlying host–pathogen interactions, which paves the way for new strategies in crop disease management beyond the limits of conventional breeding. Cross‐family transfer of immune receptor genes is one such strategy that takes advantage of common plant immune signalling pathways to improve disease resistance in crops. Sensing of microbe‐ or host damage‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs) by plasma membrane‐resident pattern recognition receptors (PRR) activates pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) and restricts the spread of a broad spectrum of pathogens in the host plant. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the S‐domain receptor‐like kinase LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE‐SPECIFIC REDUCED ELICITATION (AtLORE, SD1‐29) functions as a PRR, which senses medium‐chain‐length 3‐hydroxylated fatty acids (mc‐3‐OH‐FAs), such as 3‐OH‐C10:0, and 3‐hydroxyalkanoates (HAAs) of microbial origin to activate PTI. In this study, we show that ectopic expression of the Brassicaceae‐specific PRR AtLORE in the solanaceous crop species Solanum lycopersicum leads to the gain of 3‐OH‐C10:0 immune sensing without altering plant development. AtLORE‐transgenic tomato shows enhanced resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and Alternaria solani NL03003. Applying 3‐OH‐C10:0 to the soil before infection induces resistance against the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans Pi100 and further enhances resistance to A. solani NL03003. Our study proposes a potential application of AtLORE‐transgenic crop plants and mc‐3‐OH‐FAs as resistance‐inducing biostimulants in disease management.
Extended lactations in dairy cows and the effects on fertility and production
Authors: van Knegsel Ariette T. M. , Burgers Eline E. A. , Edvardsson Rasmussen Anna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExtending lactation length reduces the frequency of critical calving events for the cow and herewith reduces the frequency of periods with increased risk for health problems. Moreover, breeding is postponed until a moment later in lactation, which is associated with better conception rates and less days open after start of the breeding period in most studies. Potential risks of an extended lactation are that milk yield of cows at the end of the lactation may be too low which may lead to cows being overconditioned at the end of the extended lactation. Therefore, extending lactation length might not fit every cow. Individual cow characteristics like parity, milk yield level, or body condition determine the response of the cow to an extended lactation. These individual cow characteristics can be used in customized management strategies to optimize lactation length for individual cows. Customized lactation length for individual cows could limit the impact at herd level of disadvantages concerning milk losses and overconditioning and maintain benefits for improved cow health and fertility, reduced number of surplus calves and increased work satisfaction for the farmer. In conclusion, extending lactation length has interesting perspectives for health and fertility of high‐producing dairy cows, although questions remain concerning management approaches to support lactation persistency of cows with an extended lactation, and consequences for calf health and development. Moreover, ongoing studies aim to develop decision support tools to select individual cows for a specific lactation length.
The Social Dynamics of Peaceful Christian–Muslim Relations in Nigeria
Authors: Ossai Emmanuel Chiwetalu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWith roughly equal Christian and Muslim populations, Nigeria has experienced various degrees of Christian–Muslim conflict. However, numerous Nigerian Christians and Muslims coexist peacefully. With Scopus and Web of Science, this study finds that recent studies which explored concrete cases of peaceful Christian–Muslim relations in Nigeria are minimal. Previous research has examined the collaborative de‐escalation of tensions in violence‐prone communities; partnerships among the informally employed; positive interfaith encounters amid crises; peaceful relations in Yorubaland; and cooperation between Christian and Shia Muslim minorities in the north. The studies show that civilian agency, political power‐sharing, and inclusive governance have enabled peace.
IMT-P8 potentiates Gram-positive specific antibiotics in intrinsically resistant Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Singh Vidhu , Nandanwar Hemraj 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) pose a major global public health challenge as they exhibit a remarkable level of resistance to antibiotics. One of the factors responsible for promoting resistance against a wide range of antibiotics is the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. The OM acts as a barrier that prevents the entry of numerous antibiotics by reducing their influx (due to membrane impermeability) and enhancing their efflux (with the help of efflux pumps). Our study focuses on analyzing the effect of IMT-P8, a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), to enhance the influx of various Gram-positive specific antibiotics in multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens. In the mechanistic experiments, IMT-P8 permeabilizes the OM at the same concentrations at which it enhances the activity of various antibiotics against GNB. Cytoplasmic membrane permeabilization was also observed at these concentrations, indicating that IMT-P8 acts on both the outer and cytoplasmic membranes. IMT-P8 interferes with the intrinsic resistance mechanism of GNB and has the potential to make Gram-positive specific antibiotics effective against GNB. IMT-P8 extends the post-antibiotic effect and in combination with antibiotics shows anti-persister activity. The IMT-P8/fusidic acid combination is effective in eliminating intracellular pathogens. IMT-P8 with negligible toxicity displayed good efficacy in murine lung and thigh infection models. Based on these findings, IMT-P8 is a potential antibiotic adjuvant to treat Gram-negative bacterial infections that pose a health hazard.
Incidence of serotonin syndrome in patients receiving tedizolid and concomitant serotonergic agents
Authors: Fang Yingsi , Clarke Lloyd G. , Smith Brandon J. , Shah Sunish 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the real-world incidence rate of serotonin syndrome in patients receiving tedizolid and concomitant serotonergic agents. A retrospective cohort of 479 adult patients was assessed between January 2015 and July 2023. Overall, a rare rate of 0.4% (2/479) of possible serotonin syndrome with tedizolid was identified. Given that concomitant serotonergic agents were commonly used, further study is warranted to determine causality.
Differences in autotoxic substances and microbial community in the root space of
Panax notoginseng
coinducing the occurrence of root rot
Authors: Chen Jinmiao , Liu Zhidan , Liu Yuyan , Ji Xiuling , Li Xiaoran , Wei Yunlin , Zi Futing , Tan Yong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The composition and stability of the microbial community structure of roots and root zone soils play a key role in the healthy growth of plants. We examined the distribution characteristics of phenolic acids and saponins, as well as microbial communities in the root space (root endosphere, rhizoplane soil, rhizosphere soil, and bulk soil) of healthy and root rot disease-affected
Panax notoginseng
. The results showed that after infection with root rot, the rhizoplane soil exhibited significant decreases in organic matter and hydrolyzable nitrogen and significant increases in available phosphorus, available potassium, and total nitrogen. The contents of phenolic acids (except benzoic acid) and ginsenoside Rg2 in the root endosphere significantly increased. Ferulic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the rhizoplane soil significantly increased.
Rhodococcus
increased significantly in the root endosphere, rhizoplane, and rhizosphere soil;
Nitrospira
decreased significantly in the rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and bulk soil; and
Plectosphaerella
decreased significantly in the root endosphere and rhizoplane soil. Moreover, the accumulation of most autotoxins can promote the growth of pathogens. In summary, the spatial autotoxic substances and microbial community differences in
P. notoginseng
roots jointly induce the occurrence of root rot.

IMPORTANCE

Panax notoginseng
is highly susceptible to soil-borne diseases induced during planting, and root rot, which usually occurs in the root and stem parts of the plant, is the most severe. We divided the root environment of
P. notoginseng
into four parts (root endosphere, rhizoplane soil, rhizosphere soil, and bulk soil) and studied it with unplanted soil as the control. In this study, we examined the changes in the content of autotoxic substances in the root space of
P. notoginseng
, along with the interplay between these substances and microorganisms. This study revealed the mechanism underlying root rot and provided a theoretical basis for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in
P. notoginseng
.
Small cell colorectal cancer: a rare tumour with an aggressive course
Authors: Mitchell Timothy , Geraghty Alistair , Gardner Katherine , Rodgers Lisa 
Published: September 2024

A relatively healthy male patient in his 60s presented with chest pain and shortness of breath in addition to a history of significant weight loss over the preceding months. He was admitted to the hospital and investigated with a CT pulmonary angiogram, which did not demonstrate a pulmonary embolus, but he subsequently went on to have an ultrasound and CT scan because of abnormal findings. His CT demonstrated some thickening of the mid-transverse colon, and, in addition, large volume liver metastases described as innumerable and probably replacing most of the liver.Initially, his liver function tests were only mildly deranged at the presentation. Flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed, and a transverse colonic malignancy was identified and biopsied, which demonstrated an extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC). He was admitted for urgent chemotherapy for newly diagnosed metastatic small-cell colonic cancer; he developed tumour lysis syndrome following his first dose of chemotherapy. He continued to decline following this and died soon after his admission. Metastatic small-cell colonic cancer is a rare diagnosis which is challenging to manage due to the lack of trial evidence to drive treatment strategies. The management largely follows the pulmonary small cell cancer pathway. We, therefore, present a colonic EPSCC case outlining the diagnostic and treatment strategies for this disease.
Clinical spectrum and possible pathogenesis of progressive outer retinal necrosis
Authors: Ding Xiaohu , Chang Robert T , Zhang Xiongze , Liu LiLi , Yang Yangfan , Lu Lin , Lin Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2024

Objective
Progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) is an alphaherpesvirus-caused panuveitis with devastating consequences for the eye. Our study aims to describe new findings in the clinical spectrum and propose a mechanism for the pathogenesis of PORN.

Methods
Observational, consecutive case series. Seven eyes from five patients diagnosed with PORN were enrolled. Detailed case histories, ocular examination findings and multimodal images of retina were collected. Optic nerve and brain imaging were obtained by MRI.

Results
All eyes were confirmed human alphaherpesviruses positive in ocular fluid by qPCR. Optic nerve oedema was observed on MRI in all eyes. A relative afferent pupillary defect was recorded in the affected eye for the unilateral cases. Two patients with unilateral involvement had a history of viral encephalitis and focal encephalomalacia found in the temporal lobe on brain MRI. The affected eyes were characterised by sensory retinal necrosis sparing retinal pigment epithelium, starting at the end of the retinal nerve fibre (horizontal raphe or peripheral area of the retina) and progressing rapidly along the nerve fibre. The wall of the retinal artery and vein was destroyed, resulting in blood flow interruption on fluorescein angiography and retinal haemorrhages along the large vessels.

Conclusions
Combination the neurotropic characteristics of alphaherpesviruses and the signs of PORN, we hypothesised that the reactivated PORN virus originated from the lateral geniculate nucleus, then propagated along the optic nerve and was released at the terminals, causing necrosis of the entire sensory retina rather than just affecting the outer segment.
Cosmological solutions in polynomial affine gravity with torsion
Authors: Castillo-Felisola Oscar , Grez Bastian , Olmo Gonzalo J. , Orellana Oscar , Gárate José Perdiguero 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Polynomial Affine Gravity is an alternative gravitational model, where the interactions are mediated solely by the affine connection, instead of the metric tensor. In this paper, we explore the space of solutions to the field equations when the torsion fields are turned on, in a homogeneous and isotropic (cosmological) scenario. We explore various metric structures that emerge in the space of solutions.
Removal performance and adsorption behaviour on Mg-based adsorbents in As(III) and F simultaneous removal as in comparison with As(V)
Authors: Sugita Hajime , Morimoto Kazuya , Saito Takeshi , Hara Junko 
Published: September 2024

In this study, simultaneous removal tests, with fixed initial arsenic (As) concentration of 1 mg l
−1
, for arsenite [As(III)] and fluoride (F) were performed using three types of Mg-based adsorbents. Their As(III) removal performance was of the order of MgCO
3
<< Mg(OH)
2
< MgO. MgO met the environmental standards for As (0.01 mg l
−1
) at initial F concentrations (
C
F0
) of 15 and 30 mg l
−1
. MgO and Mg(OH)
2
met the As effluent standard (0.1 mg l
−1
) even at
C
F0
= 60 mg l
−1
. In contrast, MgCO
3
did not meet the effluent standards under the test conditions. The F removal performance of the Mg-based adsorbents followed the order of MgCO
3
< Mg(OH)
2
< MgO. MgO and Mg(OH)
2
met the environmental standard of F (0.8 mg l
−1
), whereas MgCO
3
met the effluent standards for F in non-marine areas (8 mg l
−1
) at
C
F0
= 15 and 30 mg l
−1
, and in marine areas (15 mg l
−1
) even at
C
F0
= 60 mg l
−1
. The As(III) adsorption data fit the Langmuir model for MgO and the Freundlich model for MgO and Mg(OH)
2
, but not MgCO
3
for either model. Notably, the As(III) adsorption behaviour of MgO was strongly influenced by
C
F0
. Meanwhile, the F adsorption data fit both the Langmuir and Freundlich models for all Mg-based adsorbents.