bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionizing radiation: a versatile tool for nanostructuring of polymers
Authors: Güven Olgun 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Very high energies of particulate (accelerated electrons, swift heavy ions) or electromagnetic wave (γ-, X-rays) radiation can be used to initiate free radical based reactions in solids, liquids or gases. Because of non-selectivity of absorption of X-rays, γ rays and accelerated electrons in matter free radicals are generated homogeneously in the bulk material. These free radicals on the polymers or monomers are used extensively in the synthesis and modification of polymeric materials. The unique properties of ionizing radiation make it a very useful tool in the top-down and bottom-up synthesis of nanomaterials. In this article the utilization of ionizing radiation in the form of swift heavy ions, accelerated electrons, X- and γ rays will be described for development of advanced materials by radiation-induced grafting in nanoscale, synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles, radiation-assisted synthesis of nanogels and nanocomposites. The properties difficult to be attained by other techniques will be described by giving examples for the cases of ion track-etched membranes, fuel cell membranes, sensors, detectors, cell culture media, polymer thin films embedded with metal nanoparticles, polymer/clay nanocomposites with a prospect for the future outlook.
Poetry as a Form of Knowledge
Authors: Martin Christian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIs poetry a topic for philosophical reflection? This paper seeks to argue that it is by exhibiting poetry as a form of knowledge. What the claim that poetry is a form of knowledge amounts to is that something can be knowledge in virtue of being poetical and poetical in virtue of being the (kind of) knowledge it is. Various kinds of skeptical doubt about this claim are considered. It is argued that such doubts are based on distorting pictures of poetry. Two strategies to justify the claim that poetry is a form of knowledge shall be explored. The first strategy is a broadly Wittgensteinian one, relying on grammatical reminders. The second strategy is a broadly Hegelian one, exhibiting poetry as a form of knowledge by showing that the concepts of two other forms of knowledge – practical and second-person knowledge – due to internal incoherences, point beyond themselves towards the concept of poetry.
A time-of-flight revising approach to improve the image quality of Lamb wave tomography for the detection of defects in composite panels
Authors: Chen Liang , Xiao Qiang , Liang Wei , Hong Jingxian , Zou Xingjiang 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Lamb wave tomography can be used to evaluate structural integrity. The time-of-flight (TOF) data are usually recorded as input to the reconstruction algorithm. For composite materials, TOF estimation is complicated due to their anisotropy. To reduce the effects of anisotropy on image reconstruction, the TOF data of flawed plates are revised according to baseline data obtained from an unflawed plate. Tomographic images are reconstructed using the original and revised TOF data, respectively. Results show that images reconstructed using the revised TOF data have better visual quality and that TOF data revision can substantially reduce the artifacts resulting from anisotropy in defect detection of composite materials.
Aplicação do Valor de Base da Frequência Fundamental Via Estatística MVKD em Comparação Forense de Locutor
Authors: Silva Ronaldo Rodrigues da , Costa João Paulo Carvalho Lustosa da , Miranda Ricardo Kehrle , Galdo Giovanni Del 
Published: November 2016

Comparação forense de locutor (CFL) é um exame de determinação de fonte no qual são comparadas amostras de fala de origem conhecida, provenientes de um suspeito, com amostras de fala presentes em um ou mais áudios questionados, cuja autoria se deseja determinar, produzindo uma prova pericial que pode reforçar ou se contrapor à hipótese de que o suspeito é o autor da fala questionada. Em levantamento realizado em 2011 por pesquisadores da Universidade de York entre peritos de treze países, incluindo o Brasil, a metodologia mais usada nos exames de CFL se baseava em análises perceptuais e acústicas. Entre as medidas acústicas, a Frequência Fundamental (F0) era utilizada por quase 70 % dos entrevistados. F0 possui características importantes para a área forense, como a robustez em áudios de baixa qualidade e, em medidas de longo termo, a independência do conteúdo das falas. Conforme estudos recentes, a medida estatística valor de base de F0 é menos afetado pelo estilo e conteúdo da fala, pelo canal utilizado na gravação e exige menor quantidade de áudio para obter uma medida estável, comparada às medidas de F0 comumente utilizadas, entre elas, a média aritmética e o desvio padrão. Neste trabalho é analisado o poder discriminante do valor de base de F0 aplicado ao Corpus Forense do Português Brasileiro (CFPB), obtendo-se uma Taxa de Erro Igual, do inglês Equal Error Rate (EER) 5,9 % melhor que o segundo parâmetro mais discriminativo, a média aritmética. A combinação do valor de base de F0 a outras medidas de longo termo de F0 por meio da estatística de densidade do núcleo de multivariáveis, do inglês Multivariate Kernel-Density (MVKD), resultou, em todas as simulações, em ganho de poder discriminativo, sendo a combinação entre as medidas do valor de base com a mediana de F0 aquela que obteve o melhor resultado, com uma EER de 13 %, superando valores relatados em pesquisas recentes. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o valor de base de F0 é o melhor parâmetro a ser utilizado em análises de F0.
Eva en el Paraíso: La construcción y representación del cuerpo femenino en la playa como espacio turístico en Costa Rica
Authors: Barboza Núñez Esteban 
Published: November 2016

El artículo analiza la representación del cuerpo femenino como destino turístico, en la promoción de las playas en Costa Rica. Se hace un esbozo del estatus de la figura femenina en el imaginario androcéntrico occidental, desde sus raíces judeocristianas y de pensamiento clásico, hasta el advenimiento de la modernidad. Se reseñan postulados acerca del estatus del cuerpo femenino y la forma en que se construye en las representaciones gráficas; se parte de que la manera en que el cuerpo femenino es representado en la publicidad, enfocada a atraer turistas a la playa, le genera una doble otredad. La primera como mujer, cuyo físico es controlado por un imaginario androcéntrico que lo usa cual Eva-sirena, que tienta y atrae al posible visitante. La segunda como elemento que recrea una fantasía de exploración colonial de una playa prístina y “virginal”, y que la aleja de la modernidad racional cartesiana, en la cual la mente se impone a un cuerpo que debe ser controlado y domesticado por la razón.
Traumatic Inferior Dislocation (Luxatio Erecta) of the Hip: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Vijayababu Arunmozhimaran 
Published: November 2016

Case:
Inferior dislocation of the hip is rare, and very few cases have been reported in the English-language literature. This case report describes a patient who presented with an acutely flexed hip, with the thigh almost parallel to the long axis of the trunk, the knee flexed with slight abduction of the hip, and the patella facing upward and slightly laterally. The dislocation was treated successfully with closed reduction. Follow-up after 6, 12, and 18 months revealed no postreduction complications.

Conclusion:
Inferior dislocation of the hip is rare and can be treated successfully with closed reduction. Orthopaedic surgeons must be able to diagnose this type of dislocation and provide optimal management.
Drilling Wells Ever Faster May Not Be the Measure of Success
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: November 2016

The standard for progress in shale development has been the drastic reduction in the number of days needed to drill a well, from more than 20 to less than 5 in some unconventional plays. But some question whether it has become a misleading metric for an industry needing more productive wells.
“The human tendency is to optimize within a given constraint. Right now, it is reaching the total depth in the shortest time,” said Robello Samuel, technology fellow, drilling, at Halliburton. “If all you care about is that quantification, you do not worry about tool damage or wellbore quality, or what it is like to complete it.” Maximizing drilling performance and efficiency is not the same as optimizing it, he said.
“Everyone needs to remember why they are drilling the hole. As much oil and gas needs to come out as possible,” said Bart Critser, geosteering manager for Terra Guidance. “Otherwise it’s just a multimillion dollar, fancy hole in the ground.”
The payoff for drilling faster has largely been realized. While further time savings are possible, the discounts now offered by service companies hungry for work have slashed the potential savings. In September, the day rate for a typical rig in the Permian Basin was USD 18,000, according to Hart Energy Market Intelligence. That is equivalent to only 360 bbl of oil at USD 50/bbl.
Saving a day of drilling is a bad trade if the hole quality suffers. The downsides of a badly drilled well can range from casing damage and pump breakdowns, to missed sweet spots and accumulations of sand in low spots slowing the flow, according to drilling experts at the recent SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE) held in Houston, and in interviews since.
One of them, Moray Laing, oil and gas lead for the SAS Americas Energy Practice, raised a seemingly simple question: “Having good directional control gives you better wellbore quality. I wonder why we are not measuring that systematically?”
The Search for Measures of Drilling Imperfection
Q&A with Mikhail Chertenkov, Deputy CEO of Field Development Technology, Lukoil-Engineering
Authors: Henni Abdelghani , Chertenkov Mikhail 
Published: November 2016

Q&A
The Yarega heavy oil field is an example of Russia’s technical advancements in heavy oil and bitumen production. Describe the technologies deployed in the field and their effects on production.
Due to the requirements for high oil production rates and final oil recovery factors, we applied a counterflow steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) technology in Yarega, which resulted in even reservoir coverage by thermal exposure, higher oil production rates, and lower steam/oil ratio values. Modeling results also had shown higher expected final oil recovery factors.
A surface/underground thermal oil mining field development method is in common use in the Yarega field. The oil production performance indices of the oil mining method were significantly improved by the following measures:
The lengths of horizontal wells drilled from underground mines were tripled due to new directional drilling systems, thus oil rates from new wells were increased.
An upgrade of a surface steam generation unit raised the steam pumping pressure.
By implementing counterflow SAGD technology, we increased horizontal well length, reduced operational expenses, eliminated adverse working conditions from the processes, and significantly improved workplace health and safety protection. The counterflow SAGD also allowed us to develop new areas in the Yarega field that were not prepared by functioning mines.
What are the benefits of using thermal production technologies?
In the Yarega field, there is no alternative to thermal methods for oil production. The majority of the nonthermal development technologies for heavy oil fields are known to be economically inefficient. Lukoil is working on improving thermal methods for production in its heavy oil fields. We have set a goal to increase oil production rates by 40% and final recovery factors by 10% by developing the currently employed methods and applying new approaches and technologies in pilot project programs.
Chance of Development: Definition, Estimation, and Use
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: November 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 170747, “Chance of Development: What Is It? Can We Estimate It? How Should We Use It?,” by Doug Peacock, SPE, and Tracey Jennings, SPE, Gaffney, Cline & Associates, prepared for the 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 27–29 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Chance of Development (CoD) is commonly used as an input to economic assessments and valuations where it is often quoted with little explanation of the framework used. In such circumstances, it may be misleading and overly simplistic to multiply the project net present value (NPV) by a single CoD factor to derive a risked NPV as a proxy for value. This paper will examine ways in which CoD can be defined better, methods for its estimation, and its appropriate application along with common misuses.
Introduction
The Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS) is an international standard petroleum-reserves-and-resources classification system based on industry best practices and is described in detail in the complete paper. The PRMS encourages the use of subclasses that provide some qualitative assessment of CoD. These subclasses include
Development Pending, where project activities are ongoing to justify commercial development in the foreseeable future.
Development Unclarified or On Hold, where project activities are on hold or where justification as a commercial development may be subject to a significant delay. This subclass refers to quite different situations; Unclarified typically refers to internal decisions, whereas On Hold is more related to external factors.
Development Not Viable, where there are no current plans to acquire additional data because of limited production potential.
The PRMS also allows Contingent Resources to be further divided according to economic status.
Marginal Contingent Resources are technically feasible projects that are either currently economic or projected to be economic under reasonably forecasted improvements in commercial conditions but are not currently committed for development because of one or more contingencies.
Sub-Marginal Contingent Resources are those associated with discoveries for which analysis indicates that technically feasible development projects would not be economic or other contingencies would not be satisfied under current or reasonably forecasted improvements in commercial conditions. If evaluations are incomplete, it may also be possible for economic status to be undetermined. Thus, Marginal Contingent Resources would typically have a higher CoD than Sub-Marginal Contingent Resources.
A Technical-Limits Approach Applied To Maximizing Gasfield Recovery
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: November 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 175004, “The Reservoir-Technical-Limits Approach Applied To Maximizing Recovery From Volumetric and Aquifer-Drive Gas Fields,” by Abdelmadjid Alane, Peter J. Lumsden, P. Craig Smalley, Richard Hallam, Peter A. Salino, SPE, Steven J. Wells, and Tim J. Primmer, BP, prepared for the 2015 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Houston, 28–30 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Maximizing recovery of hydrocarbons from oil and gas fields represents responsible asset management and is extremely valuable to both the operator and the host country. Successful pursuit of this goal involves a complex combination of technical, commercial, organizational, and human factors. This paper describes recent progress in developing a proprietary recovery-factor-evaluation process.
Introduction
In 2002, a root-cause analysis was carried out on the basis of both externally published and internally held data to identify key success factors for increasing recovery factor in both gas and oil fields. This root-cause analysis led to the development of a robust and systematic approach to identify and describe opportunities called the Reservoir Technical Limits (RTL) system. Since its first application, this process has provided a systematic framework to identify new recovery-improving activities across a portfolio of fields, generate clear ownership of the activities by field teams and individuals, and identify technology requirements (existing or new) to progress the opportunities. This process has proved highly effective in identifying and evaluating the practical recovery potential within these fields.
The process hinges on breaking the overall recovery factor into separate-component efficiency factors so that targeted recovery-enhancing methods can be evaluated.
System Concept
The system is used to evaluate the life-of- field recovery potential of oil and gas fields, and the steps required to achieve this potential, on the basis of the following key factors:
Depth of technical knowledge across multiple functions
Innovation, creativity, and awareness of latest technologies
Understanding field specificity, so that identified opportunities are properly applicable to the field under review
Designing and Testing of New Rotary-Steerable System for Use Onshore
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: November 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 173093, “Designing and Testing a New Rotary-Steerable System (RSS) for the Onshore Drilling Market,” by Andrew Gorrara, SPE, Shona Grant, Tore Kvalvik, SPE, and Stig Bakke, 2TD Drilling, and Peter Clark, SPE, Chevron, prepared for the 2015 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition, London, 17–19 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
While rotary-steerable systems (RSSs) dominate the offshore directional-drilling markets, the land-based markets are still dominated by conventional directional-drilling tools. This paper presents a new RSS that is being designed and tested specifically for the onshore markets. The new tool is a short RSS that is designed to deliver a buildup rate of 15°/100 ft. It achieves this by the movement of two eccentric shafts relative to one another within the tool.
Introduction
For directional drilling to be successful, it is important that the drillers have information on the orientation of the tool while they are drilling so they can best align the wellbore orientation to the reservoir target. Commonly, this is achieved with a measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tool that is typically 50 ft or more behind the drill bit. In some cases, these measurements are supplemented with some form of near-bit inclination reading. A further improvement would be to have both inclination and azimuth measured close to the bit and integrated into the drilling tool’s directional response, thereby enabling precise well placement without the need to project and correct continually from the MWD tool that lags considerably behind the drilling tool. This is the method adopted by the RSS described in this paper.
In many cases, a downhole positive-displacement motor will be used with the RSS to increase rate of penetration (ROP) and reduce casing wear by minimizing string rotation. The RSS described in this paper was designed to be driven directly by the topdrive or with a mud motor.
Three prototypes of the new RSS have been designed and tested so far. The first prototype (Prototype A) successfully demonstrated dogleg-severity capability of 15°/100 ft. The second prototype (Prototype B) was designed to evaluate the efficiency of the selected motor-gear design in moving the eccentric shafts when applying significant side loads. The third prototype (Prototype C) was a complete rotary-steerable tool that verified all aspects of the design, culminating in the drilling of directional holes in concrete blocks. This paper describes the development of Prototype C, covering design, manufacture, and the drill tests that verified the 15°/100 ft dogleg performance through concrete-block drilling. The paper also covers the subsequent design improvements made before manufacture of the field-test prototypes (Prototype D) and the planned environmental and endurance testing of Prototype D before field testing.
The Romantic Jealousy as Multidimensional Construct: A Study on the Italian Short Form of the Multidimensional Jealousy Scale
Authors: Tani Franca , Ponti Lucia 
Published: November 2016

Background:Romantic jealousy is a complex construct composed of several dimensions. Given the multidimensional nature of romantic jealousy, it would be useful to have a measurement scale that would take into account its several components.Objective:The aims of the present study were to provide the Italian adaptation of the Short Form of the Multidimensional Jealousy Scale (SF-MJS - Elphinson, Feeney & Noller, 2011) verifying its factorial structure, reliability, and predictive validity. Finally, gender differences in the tree main dimensions of romantic jealousy- cognitive, emotional and behavioral- were explored.Method:361 participants (168 males and 193 females), aged 20 to 40 (M = 26.50; SD = 4.99) were recruited. A confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) was performed to test the multidimensional structure of the scale. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to verify the reliability. The predictive validity was assessed examining associations between different dimensions of the romantic jealousy and insecure romantic attachment. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was implemented in order to verify gender differences.Results:Confirmatory factor analyses verified the three-factor structure, supporting the presence of these distinct latent constructs, assessing cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of romantic jealousy. The internal consistency coefficients were satisfactory for all the three factors of the scale, and ranged from .80 to .85. Consistent evidence supported the predictive validity of the ISF-MJS. Significant gender differences were registered.Conclusion:The ISF-MJS constitutes a reliable instrument for measuring romantic jealousy in the Italian context. Limitations, strengths, and further development of the present study are discussed.
Effect of Hyperglycemia on the Excretory Ducts of the Submandibular Gland (Histologic Study)
Authors: Ersteniuk Hanna , Kotyk Taras , Dey Nilanjan , Yurakh Omelian , Popadynets Oksana 
Published: November 2016

The paper highlights the peculiarities of histological changes in different subdivisions of the intralobular duct of the submandibular gland in rats in case of experimental hyperglycemia.Materials and methods. The study included 40 male Wistar rats weighing 230 to 250g. Experimental hyperglycemia was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin. Biochemical and morphological investigations were conducted; the morphometric analysis was carried out.Results. Since the 28th day of the experiment, on the background of dynamic increase in the levels of glucose and glycated hemoglobin in the blood, there was observed the development of dystrophic changes in epithelial cells of the granular and striated ducts being accompanied by a gradual decrease in epithelial cell height by 10.28 – 29.46% and 10.77 – 28.28%, respectively. Morphological changes in the intercalated ducts were detected later – since the 42nd day of the experiment and the decrease in their epithelial cell height – by 15.60%, was seen on the 70th day only.Conclusions. Morphological changes in different subdivisions of the intralobular duct are of dystrophic nature and can be histologically detected since the 28th day of the experiment; they depend on the duration of hyperglycemia and are accompanied by a dynamic decrease in epithelial cell height.
Parliamentary Speeches of the Din de Siecle German Political Antisemites
Authors: Stack Robert 
Published: November 2016

Historians have used materialist and idealist arguments to attempt to explain the nature of antisemitism in Imperial Germany. An analysis of parliamentary debates from 1887 to 1898 shows antisemitic politicians' concerns reflected those of agrarian populists in other countries, such as the United States. This argues against German particularism as an explanation for Imperial antisemitism, and further suggests that the politicians' specifically anti-Jewish aims were secondary to their Mittelstand economic
interests.