bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal architecture of coffin‐shaped ZSM‐5 zeolite crystals with hourglass contrast unravelled by focused ion beam‐assisted transmission electron microscopy
Authors: LU J. , BARTHOLOMEEUSEN E. , SELS B.F. , SCHRYVERS D. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryOptical microscopy, focused ion beam and transmission electron microscopy are combined to study the internal architecture in a coffin‐shaped ZSM‐5 crystal showing an hourglass contrast in optical microscopy. Based on parallel lamellas from different positions in the crystal, the orientation relationships between the intergrowth components of the crystal are studied and the internal architecture and growth mechanism are illustrated. The crystal is found to contain two pyramid‐like components aside from a central component. Both pyramid‐like components are rotated by 90° along the common c‐axis and with respect to the central component while the interfaces between the components show local zig‐zag feature, the latter indicating variations in relative growth velocity of the two components. The pyramid‐like intergrowth components are larger and come closer to one another in the middle of the crystal than at the edges, but they do not connect. A model of multisite nucleation and growth of 90° intergrowth components is proposed.
Neuron‐microglia interaction induced bi‐directional cytotoxicity associated with calpain activation
Authors: Podbielska Maria , Das Arabinda , Smith Amena W. , Chauhan Ashok , Ray Swapan K. , Inoue Jun , Azuma Mitsuyoshi , Nozaki Kenkichi , Hogan Edward L. , Banik Naren L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractActivated microglia release pro‐inflammatory factors and calpain into the extracellular milieu, damaging surrounding neurons. However, mechanistic links to progressive neurodegeneration in disease such as multiple sclerosis (MS) remain obscure. We hypothesize that persistent damaged/dying neurons may also release cytotoxic factors and calpain into the media, which then activate microglia again. Thus, inflammation, neuronal damage, and microglia activation, i.e., bi‐directional interaction between neurons and microglia, may be involved in the progressive neurodegeneration. We tested this hypothesis using two in vitro models: (i) the effects of soluble factors from damaged primary cortical neurons upon primary rat neurons and microglia and (ii) soluble factors released from CD3/CD28 activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients on primary human neurons and microglia. The first model indicated that neurons due to injury with pro‐inflammatory agents (IFN‐γ) release soluble neurotoxic factors, including COX‐2, reactive oxygen species, and calpain, thus activating microglia, which in turn released neurotoxic factors as well. This repeated microglial activation leads to persistent inflammation and neurodegeneration. The released calpain from neurons and microglia was confirmed by the use of calpain inhibitor calpeptin or SNJ‐1945 as well as μ‐ and m‐calpain knock down using the small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology. Our second model using activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, a source of pro‐inflammatory Th1/Th17 cytokines and calpain released from auto‐reactive T cells, corroborated similar results in human primary cell cultures and confirmed calpain to be involved in progressive MS. These insights into reciprocal paracrine regulation of cell injury and calpain activation in the progressive phase of MS, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases suggest potentially beneficial preventive and therapeutic strategies, including calpain inhibition.
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Results of a national survey of Australian nurses' practice caring for older people in an emergency department
Authors: Deasey Debra , Kable Ashley , Jeong Sarah 
Published: August 2016

Aim and objectiveTo report Australian nurses' practices caring for older people in the emergency department.BackgroundUnmet clinical needs of older patients in the emergency departments can have a negative impact on nurses and patients.Method and designA national cross‐sectional survey using a previously validated instrument, Older Person in Acute Care survey, was conducted to measure Australian emergency nurses' attitudes towards older people in their care. Members of the College of Emergency Nursing Australasia (CENA) were invited to participate in the study. There were 371 (39%) completed and valid surveys returned.ResultsThis study determined that Australian emergency department nurses report many positive practices used for older patients in their care.ConclusionIn this study, the Older Person in Acute Care survey has identified that, overall, emergency departments nurses have positive clinical practices towards their older patients in the emergency departments. The implications for clinical practice are significant as patient centred care in the Australian emergency departments will reduce adverse events for the older patient.
Post‐traumatic growth in parents after infants’ neonatal intensive care unit hospitalisation
Authors: Aftyka Anna , Rozalska‐Walaszek Ilona , Rosa Wojciech , Rybojad Beata , Karakuła‐Juchnowicz Hanna 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo determine the incidence and severity of post‐traumatic growth in a group of parents of children hospitalised in the intensive care unit in the past.BackgroundA premature birth or a birth with life‐threatening conditions is a traumatic event for the parents and may lead to a number of changes, some of which are positive, known as post‐traumatic growth.MethodThe survey covered 106 parents of 67 infants aged 3–12 months. An original questionnaire and standardised research tools were used in the study: Impact Event Scale – Revised, Perceived Stress Scale, COPE Inventory: Positive Reinterpretation and Growth, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, Post‐traumatic Growth Inventory and Parent and Infant Characteristic Questionnaire.ResultsDue to a stepwise backward variables selection, we found three main factors that explain post‐traumatic growth: post‐traumatic stress symptoms, positive reinterpretation and growth and dichotomic variable infants’ survival. This model explained 29% of the post‐traumatic growth variation. Similar models that were considered separately for mothers and fathers showed no significantly better properties.ConclusionPost‐traumatic growth was related to a lesser extent to sociodemographic variables or the stressor itself, and related to a far greater extent to psychological factors.Relevance to clinical practiceOur study highlights the fact that post‐traumatic growth in the parents of neonates hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care units remains under‐evaluated.
Ichthyosis uteri with leiomyoma
Authors: Kanno Kiyoshi , Kusakabe Takashi , Takata Megumi , Suzuki Kazuo , Oowada Makoto , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA 58‐year‐old, postmenopausal, multiparous woman presented with a chief complaint of abnormal vaginal bleeding. Endometrial cytology was evaluated twice, revealing only squamous epithelial cells both times. Degenerated leiomyoma or uterine sarcoma was suspected from imaging findings, and total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy were therefore performed. However, histopathological examination revealed no signs of malignancy, and the patient was diagnosed as having ichthyosis uteri with uterine leiomyoma. No koilocytosis was evident, and immunostaining for p16 was also negative. Ichthyosis uteri is an extremely rare disease of unknown origin in which squamous metaplasia of the endometrium occurs across a wide area. Although regarded as a benign condition, cases have been reported in which the underlying condition was squamous cell carcinoma or endometrial adenocarcinoma. If ichthyosis uteri is present, a comprehensive approach is required, and the possibility of uterine malignancy should be considered. However, there may be no direct association between the malignant lesions and ichthyosis uteri.
Game for health: How eHealth approaches might address the psychological needs of children and young people with long‐term physical conditions
Authors: Thabrew Hiran , Stasiak Karolina , Garcia‐Hoyos Vanessa , Merry Sally N 
Published: August 2016

AimThe aim of this study was to describe the psychological experiences of children and young people with long term physical conditions, their families and clinicians and to explore if these may be improved using eHealth interventions, including online information, support and e‐therapy.MethodsTotally 11 children (7–12 years), 11 young people (13–18 years), 7 parents, 11 paediatricians and 10 general practitioners participated in a series of seven semi‐structured digitally recorded focus groups. A general inductive approach was used to analyse interview data.ResultsFeedback consisted of five main themes: (i) the experience of long‐term physical conditions as an anxiety‐provoking journey, (ii) limited access to information and eHealth‐related interventions to support this journey, (iii) desires for interventions that assist with multiple aspects of the illness experience, (iv) diversity of preferences regarding the format and vehicle of such interventions, (v) the importance of trust regarding the source of interventions for children, young people and families and the sustainability of new interventions for clinicians.Conclusions
eHealth interventions are currently being used in a limited manner by children and young people with long‐term physical conditions and their families. Despite some concern expressed mainly by clinicians, there is overall support from all groups for the future development of eHealth interventions to address psychological issues for this audience, particularly anxiety. Relatable content, technological appeal and ease of access/referral to such interventions are likely to improve the uptake of these relatively new interventions.
Emission Taxes and Product Differentiation in the Presence of Foreign Firms
Authors: GAUTIER LUIS 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIndustries characterized by differentiated products are important contributors of greenhouse gases and currently subject to market‐based policies such as emission taxes. In the context of developing countries, fears about foreign investment leaving the country are often used as an argument not to address industry emissions through emission taxes. This paper develops a Cournot model with product differentiation in the presence of abatement efforts where host and foreign firms are subject to an emission tax. The analysis indicates that abatement efforts and differences in pollution intensity coefficients across firms may play a significant role in the characterization of optimal policy. The analysis also suggests that the government may opt to encourage foreign, less pollution‐intensive firms via higher taxation. Additionally, this paper examines how an optimal emission tax may be adjusted as products become more differentiated; industry emissions may fall/rise as a result of more differentiated products. One important contribution of this paper is that it emphasizes the role of abatement efforts, product differentiation, and differences in pollution intensity coefficients across firms in the characterization of the optimal emission tax.
Physicochemical, cooking, and textural characteristics of grains of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars of temperate region of India and their interrelationships
Authors: Bhat Farhan M. , Riar Charanjit S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aim of the study was to explore the physiochemical, cooking, and textural characteristics of 12 traditional rice cultivars grown in Kashmir (India) and develop their interrelationship. The results revealed a significant variation (p ≤ .05) among the different characteristics analyzed on the basis of characteristics evaluated for each cultivar. The novel attributes depicted by these cultivars as reflected includes their higher kernel elongation during cooking, lowest solids in gruel loss and lower adhesiveness together with desirable hardness which can fetches their increasing demand commercially besides having lacerative palatability. Pearson correlation and principal component analysis was carried out to elucidate the relationship among physicochemical, cooking, and textural characteristics as analyzed in the experimental study. The physicochemical characteristics such as gelatinization temperature, gel consistency, amylose, and amylopectin showed a significant correlation (positively or negatively) with the cooking and textural characteristics (water uptake ratio, kernel elongation during cooking, elongation ratio, solids in gruel loss, volume expansion ratio, optimum cooking time, hardness, and adhesiveness) with resulting in the selection of desired varieties having improved eating characteristics. The desirable characteristics depicted by these cultivars exploit the agriculturists/institutions to preserve these races and enhance the farmers to cultivate all these cherished rice cultivars.Practical applicationsThere is increasing demand for rice varieties with excellent quality characteristics throughout the world. It has been observed that the traditional rice cultivars are of immense health benefits which lead to their increasing surge among consumers. Cooking and eating quality (mouth feel characteristics) of rice has a major role in determining its economic value and consumer acceptability. The cultivars explored in this study include traditional pigmented rice cultivars of temperate region of India. The aim was to promote the revival of old cultivars, and also to indicate their beneficial characteristics over hybrid varieties by studying their physiochemical, cooking, and textural characteristics and develop their interrelationship. With this research, the desirable properties of traditional rice cultivars could be exploited that had better characteristics than the hybrid varieties. This in turn led the various agencies to motivate the farmers to encourage their cultivation, provide an essential platform to scientists to inherit their valuable characteristics.
QTL analysis of the photoperiodic response and clinal distribution of period alleles in Nasonia vitripennis
Authors: Paolucci Silvia , Salis Lucia , Vermeulen Cornelis J. , Beukeboom Leo W. , van de Zande Louis 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn seasonal environments, organisms synchronize their life cycle with the annual cycle of environmental factors. In many insect species, this includes a diapause response: a timed dormant stage that allows to survive harsh winter conditions. Previously, we have shown that larval diapause in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis is induced by the mother upon exposure to a threshold number of short photoperiods (named switch point) and diapause response follows a latitudinal cline in natural populations. Here, we present a QTL analysis using two lines derived from the extremes of this clinal distribution: a northern line from Oulu, Finland and a southern line from Corsica, France. A genomic region on chromosome 1 and one on chromosome 5 were found to be associated with photoperiodic diapause induction. Interestingly, these regions contain the putative clock genes period, cycle (chromosome 1) and cryptochrome (chromosome 5). An analysis of period polymorphisms in seven European populations showed a clinal distribution of two main haplotypes that correlate with the latitudinal cline for diapause induction.
A role for copper in protozoan grazing – two billion years selecting for bacterial copper resistance
Authors: Hao Xiuli , Lüthje Freja , Rønn Regin , German Nadezhda A. , Li Xuanji , Huang Fuyi , Kisaka Javan , Huffman David , Alwathnani Hend A. , Zhu Yong‐Guan , Rensing Christopher 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe Great Oxidation Event resulted in integration of soft metals in a wide range of biochemical processes including, in our opinion, killing of bacteria by protozoa. Compared to pressure from anthropologic copper contamination, little is known on impacts of protozoan predation on maintenance of copper resistance determinants in bacteria. To evaluate the role of copper and other soft metals in predatory mechanisms of protozoa, we examined survival of bacteria mutated in different transition metal efflux or uptake systems in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Our data demonstrated a strong correlation between the presence of copper/zinc efflux as well as iron/manganese uptake, and bacterial survival in amoebae. The growth of protozoa, in turn, was dependent on bacterial copper sensitivity. The phagocytosis of bacteria induced upregulation of Dictyostelium genes encoding the copper uptake transporter p80 and a triad of Cu(I)‐translocating PIB‐type ATPases. Accumulated Cu(I) in Dictyostelium was monitored using a copper biosensor bacterial strain. Altogether, our data demonstrate that Cu(I) is ultimately involved in protozoan predation of bacteria, supporting our hypothesis that protozoan grazing selected for the presence of copper resistance determinants for about two billion years.
Targeted promoter editing for rice resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae reveals differential activities for SWEET14‐inducing TAL effectors
Authors: Blanvillain‐Baufumé Servane , Reschke Maik , Solé Montserrat , Auguy Florence , Doucoure Hinda , Szurek Boris , Meynard Donaldo , Portefaix Murielle , Cunnac Sébastien , Guiderdoni Emmanuel , Boch Jens , Koebnik Ralf 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAs a key virulence strategy to cause bacterial leaf blight, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) injects into the plant cell DNA‐binding proteins called transcription activator‐like effectors (TALEs) that bind to effector‐binding elements (EBEs) in a sequence‐specific manner, resulting in host gene induction. TALEs AvrXa7, PthXo3, TalC and Tal5, found in geographically distant Xoo strains, all target OsSWEET14, thus considered as a pivotal TALE target acting as major susceptibility factor during rice–Xoo interactions. Here, we report the generation of an allele library of the OsSWEET14 promoter through stable expression of TALE‐nuclease (TALEN) constructs in rice. The susceptibility level of lines carrying mutations in AvrXa7, Tal5 or TalC EBEs was assessed. Plants edited in AvrXa7 or Tal5 EBEs were resistant to bacterial strains relying on the corresponding TALE. Surprisingly, although indels within TalC EBE prevented OsSWEET14 induction in response to BAI3 wild‐type bacteria relying on TalC, loss of TalC responsiveness failed to confer resistance to this strain. The TalC EBE mutant line was, however, resistant to a strain expressing an artificial SWEET14‐inducing TALE whose EBE was also edited in this line. This work offers the first set of alleles edited in TalC EBE and uncovers a distinct, broader range of activities for TalC compared to AvrXa7 or Tal5. We propose the existence of additional targets for TalC beyond SWEET14, suggesting that TALE‐mediated plant susceptibility may result from induction of several, genetically redundant, host susceptibility genes by a single effector.
Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with grain filling duration and grain number under terminal heat stress in bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)
Authors: Sharma Davinder , Singh Rajender , Rane Jagadish , Gupta Vijay Kumar , Mamrutha Harohalli Masthigowda , Tiwari Ratan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTerminal heat stress has the potential negative impact on wheat production across the world, especially in South Asia. Under the threat of terminal heat stress, wheat genotypes with stay green trait would suffer from high temperature stress during their long grain filling duration (GFD). The genotypes with shortGFDwould be advantageous. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for heat tolerance, aRILpopulation of K 7903 (heat tolerant) andRAJ4014 (heat sensitive) wheat genotypes was investigated under timely and late‐sown conditions. Heat susceptibility index ofGFD, yield components and traits under late‐sown condition were used as phenotypic data forQTLidentification. StableQTLs associated with these traits were identified on chromosomes 1B, 2B, 3B, 5A and 6B. TheLODvalue ranged from 2.9 to 5.0 and the corresponding phenotyping variation explained ranged from 12.0–22%. QTL for heat susceptibility index for the grain filling duration were colocalized withQTLfor productive tillers under late sown and GFD under late‐sown condition on chromosomes 1B and 5A, respectively. These genomic regions could be exploited for molecular wheat breeding programmes targeting heat tolerance.
Complete inactivation of photosynthetic activity during desiccation and rapid recovery by rehydration in the aerial microalga Trentepohlia jolithus
Authors: Zhang L. , Li Y. , Liu J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Aerial microalgae are more exposed to harsh and rapidly changing environmental conditions, including desiccation and radiation. Under high light, aerial algae in the desiccated state would be highly subject to photodamage. Therefore, aerial algae need effective protective mechanisms to dissipate excess excitation energy.

In this study, the changes in photosynthetic behaviors during desiccation and after rehydration in Trentepohlia jolithus were confirmed using chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) transient, allowing determination of the photoprotection mechanisms of this aerial alga.

The filaments of T. jolithus cells at 25% relative air humidity (RH) are significantly shrunken compared with those at 100% and 87% RH, decreasing the surface area for light absorption. At 25% RH, the shape and intensity of the OJIP transient disappeared, but recovered rapidly to the level at 100% RH after 5 s of rehydration. Compared with 100% RH, the maximum quantum yield of PSII (φPo), phenomenological energy fluxes for absorption (ABS/CSm) and active PSII reaction centers (RCs) at 25% RH decreased significantly, the specific energy fluxes for absorption (ABS/RC) increased significantly, but the specific energy fluxes for trapping (TRo/RC) at 25% RH did not change. These parameters at 25% RH recovered rapidly to the level at 100% RH after 5 s of rehydration.

These results suggest that the efficiency of PSII light absorption and activities of PSII RCs were reversibly down‐regulated in desiccated T. jolithus, which may be a special adaptive mechanism for the survivability of aerial microalgae in habitats with rapidly changing water availability.
Donne's convalescence
Authors: Ann Lund Mary 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article argues that the period of Donne's convalescence immediately after his near‐fatal illness in late 1623 is crucial for an understanding of the text it spawned, his Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions (1624). A unique work of meditative writing composed in under a month, the Devotions centres on the author's ‘Steps in my Sicknes’ but does so through the quieter time of spiritual stock‐taking that succeeded it. The period of recovery from illness becomes an important part of Donne's treatment of human sinfulness and repentance. The article explores his conceptualization of and images for convalescence, first through one of his churching sermons, then through the Devotions itself, and finally through an undated Candlemas sermon which this article dates to February 1624, very shortly after Donne's illness. This second sermon demonstrates an intimate relationship with the Devotions and marks a more public response to illness and recovery within the context of St Paul's Cathedral.