bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Career choices of the first year students of Madha Medical College
Authors: Raja Ashrof , Jahnavi G. , Patra Satya Ranjan 
Published: March 2017

Background: It is not very clear about the factors that influence the career choices of the undergraduate medical students. Experiences in the college during their curriculum are the strong determinants in developing an attitude to different subjects and attitude plays a very important role in choosing the speciality. This study is sought to find out the career choices of the first year medical students and what influenced them to take up that particular careerMethods: A cross sectional questionnaire based study was conducted in the first semester students of the Madha Medical College. The questionnaire was designed to find out the first choice of speciality, awareness of various subjects taught in a medical college, location preferences, and reasons influencing the preference, education level and occupation of their parents.Results: Out of a total of 150 students 141 (94%) were present on that day who had completed the questionnaire successfully. The mean age of the students was 17.8±0.6 (min=17, max=20). About 54% of the students were females and the rest 46% were males. The students belonging to urban area were 67% and that of rural area were 33%. The reasons quoted by the students for joining the MBBS course were personal interest 82%, parent’s interest 18%. None of the students could correctly answer the number of subjects taught in a medical college during the course. About half of the students did not know the duration of a specialization course after MBBS. The students interested to do specialization were 97% and interested to do IAS, or IPS were 2%. The most preferred career choices among the students were clinical subjects (71%), of which General Medicine and obstetrics & gynecology topped the list, followed by surgery and paediatrics; 24% chose pre-clinical subjects and anatomy was the most favoured, followed by physiology and the least preferred was biochemistry; only 2% were interested in paraclinical subjects of which community medicine, pharmacology and forensic medicine shared equal status but none of them wanted to specialize in pathology and microbiology. Personal interest was rated among 81% of the students in influencing their choice of speciality. After completion of education about 45% of the students wanted to settle in urban area and equal percentage of students in rural area. The students who wanted to settle in India after specialization was 87%, who wanted to go abroad were 7%. About 46% of the students wanted to join the corporate set up after specialization, 36% wanted to become private practitioners. About 46% of the students felt that 1 year is adequate for basic sciences.Conclusion: The career choices among the students of our institution were biased among the clinical subjects. The choices may change during the course of time which would be followed up. The role modelling by the faculty could be a factor in influencing their choices.
Knowledge score regarding contraceptive methods among married women in urban areas of Belagavi
Authors: K. Kruthika , Metgud Chandra S. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Increase in population growth is one of the biggest problems faced from many developing countries including India. Contraception plays an important role to halt population growth but is one of the most deserted part of maternal and child health care. Even after India being the first country to launch the family planning programme still the prevalence of contraceptive use is low which in turn increases the maternal and infant mortality rate. Objectives: 1.To assesses the knowledge score regarding contraceptive methods. 2. To study the association between knowledge and practice of contraceptionMethods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 600 married women aged 15 to 44 years residing in three urban field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Belagavi. Information was collected using pretested, predesigned questionnaire and knowledge scoring was done. Results: In the present study, the prevalence of contraceptive use was 58.8%, among these 16.0% were condom user,18.9% were using IUCD, 4.3% using rhythm method, 3.3% using OCPs and 16.3% were practicing sterilization method. According to knowledge score, sterilization and Condom methods had the highest scores and injectables least. In general as the knowledge score increased, the practice of contraception also increased. Conclusions: By the results we can conclude that increase in knowledge regarding contraceptives will increase the usage. This can be done by proper counselling for both husband and wife and providing proper information regarding contraceptive by removing their blind beliefs.
Pilot study of hepatitis b, c and human immunodeficiency viruses infections among patients with chronic liver diseases from north-east india attending a new tertiary care health set up at shillong
Authors: Gurung Jeetendra , Phukan Anil Chandra , Khyriem Annie B. , Lynrah Kyrshanlang G. 
Published: March 2017

<p class="ABS"><span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Background:</span> Chronic liver diseases (CLD) are major public health concerns in North-Eastern India. Association of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in CLD patients result in atypical presentations with increased severity and duration of illness. Understanding of agent, host, clinical profiles and their co-relationship for better management and prevention of such diseases in the community are important challenges. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Aims:</span> To assess sero-prevalance of HBV, HCV, HIV and their co-infection/triple infection in CLD patients from North-East India. To determine risk factors predisposing to development of CLDs. To find out if any correlation exists between risk factors for CLDs and that of HBV/HCV/HIV infections. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Materials And Methods:</span> This study was conducted from December 2009 to June 2011 in North-Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences. Blood samples were collected from 57 clinically diagnosed CLD patients after obtaining Institutional ethical clearance. Detail clinical profile with relevant biochemical test results were recorded. Viral markers - hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B e (HBe) antigen, anti-HBe and anti-HCV were assessed employing commercial ELISA kits. Specimens were subjected for detection and confirmation of HIV infection as per NACO Guidelines. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Results:</span> Male to female ratio was 1.85:1 with most cases in range of 31-50 years. HBV markers were detected in 35 (61.40%) and anti-HCV in 2 (3.5%) patients. Anti-HIV was reactive in 7 (12.28%) patients; 4 co-infected with HBV and 2 with HCV. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Conclusion:</span> HBV is still a major cause of CLD, followed by HCV in North-East India. Co-infection of HBV/HCV with HIV was low (7.14%) in comparison to rest of India. Confections of HIV with HBV/HCV in CLDs patients was observed to be major public health concern in terms of risk factors and transmission dynamics of these chronic diseases in North-East India.</p><div> </div>
Novos tempos e a emergência de uma nova classe média na periferia do capitalismo
Authors: De Jesus Oliveira Ualace Roberto 
Published: March 2017

<p>Nas últimas duas décadas, ocorreu um importante processo de expansão da atividade econômica em escala global, e esse fato corroborou para promover a ascensão social de milhares de indivíduos da base da pirâmide social. Esse processo no Brasil ficou conhecido por muitos autores como a emergência de uma "nova classe média". Diversos fatores contribuíram para tal fato no referido país, a exemplo da criação de milhares de empregos formais, políticas de valorização real do salário, popularização do consumo de bens e serviços via expansão do crédito, dentre outros fatores. Nesse ínterim, diversos autores elaboraram metodologias com o intuito de mensurar a dimensão da nova classe média mundial. Dito isso, esse trabalho tem como objetivo, por meio de uma abordagem descritiva, fazer uma discussão teórica sobre a emergência de uma nova classe média na periferia do capitalismo. </p>
Wybrane konsekwencje zmian zasad opodatkowania dochodów spółki komandytowo-akcyjnej
Authors: Janus Agnieszka 
Published: March 2017

Obecnie w procesie zarządzania obciążeniami fiskalnymi przedsiębiorstwa istotne miejsce zajmuje optymalizacja podatkowa. Jest ona celem przyjętej i realizowanej strategii podatkowej przedsiębiorstwa, będącej jego reakcją na obciążenia podatkowe. Zdarza się jednak, że głównym motywem implementacji danej formy prawnej w praktyce gospodarczej jest wykorzystanie jej jako instrumentu optymalizacji podatkowej. Taką spółką do końca 2013 r. była spółka komandytowo-akcyjna. Celem artykułu jest próba wskazania na skutki zmian zasad opodatkowania dochodów S.K.A. dla jej liczebności, dynamiki i struktury na tle pozostałych spółek zarówno kapitałowych, jak i osobowych. Nowelizacja Ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych poprzez zrównanie statusu podatkowego S.K.A. ze statusem osób prawnych przyczyniła się do wzrostu obciążeń podatkowych tych spółek, spadku ich liczby zarówno w grupie hso, jak i spółek ogółem w Polsce, a tym samym obniżenia wskaźników struktury i dynamiki. Tymczasem w okresie 2014–30.06.2015, kluczowym dla oceny S.K.A. pod względem jej dalszej popularności jako formy prawnej przedsiębiorstwa, zauważa się wyraźny wzrost zainteresowania przedsiębiorców spółkami z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością oraz spółkami komandytowymi.
Extension of an Empirical Wormhole Model for Carbonate Matrix Acidizing Through Two-Scale Continuum 3D Simulations
Authors: Schwalbert Mateus Palharini , Zhu Ding , Hill A. Daniel 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The optimum design of matrix acidizing operations in carbonate reservoirs is a discussion in progress. Although there are several models available to the industry for predicting wormhole propagation, most of them are not practical enough to be used in real treatment designs, or were developed to represent core flood data and cannot be simply scaled up to represent wormhole formation in complex well geometries. This problem is addressed by Furui's wormhole propagation model, which is a modification of Buijse and Glasbergen empirical correlation including a scale up procedure to represent field carbonate acidizing operations using laboratory core flood data. It is a practical engineering tool that can be used for treatment designs in horizontal wells, including barefoot and perforation-cluster completions in fairly isotropic and homogeneous reservoirs.
In this work an analysis of Furui's model is performed, including the effect of anisotropy in the carbonate reservoir. The analysis includes both radial or elliptical wormhole propagation that forms from an openhole completion and the spherical or ellipsoidal wormhole propagation that emerges from each perforation in a perforation-cluster completion that makes use of a limited-entry technique for achieving good acid placement.
The development is made using extensive 3D numerical simulations with a two-scale continuum model and finite volumes method to represent the dissolution of the porous medium. The numerical model is tuned to represent real results through matching experimental core flood data and dissolution patterns.
Some conclusions are obtained regarding both isotropic and anisotropic formations. In isotropic formations with radial propagation of wormholes, simulations indicate that a number from four to six wormholes propagate radially in each plane. When the propagation is spherical, simulations result in a number from 16 to 24 wormholes propagating spherically from the point of acid injection.
In anisotropic formations, the radial stimulated zone might become an elliptic stimulated zone, depending on the acid injection rate and the permeability heterogeneity magnitude. The major axis of the elliptic stimulated zone coincides with the direction of higher permeability and longer permeability correlation length, and it is longer for larger acid injection rates. Analogously, the spherical wormholes propagation pattern might become an ellipsoidal stimulated zone in anisotropic formations.
Effect of Ferrous Ion Fe2+ on Wettability: Oxidation and Cation Bridging
Authors: Fjelde Ingebret , Omekeh Aruoture Voke , Haugen Preben Emil 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Reservoir rock and crude oil samples are usually exposed to oxygen during storage and in laboratory experiments. Ferrous ions (Fe2+) on mineral surfaces and in brines can be oxidized to ferric ions (Fe3+). Rock samples can also be contaminated with Fe3+, e.g. from muds. The objective for the study has been to investigate the effects of Fe2+ oxidation and cation bridging by Fe2+ and Fe3+ on wettability.
Oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ was first investigated by aging formation water (FW) solutions at reservoir temperature. The effect of Fe3+ on wettability was then studied for the clay mineral glauconite. The wettability was characterized using a flotation method that relies on the affinity of the minerals to either the brine or oil phase. Flooding experiments were carried out in native and restored reservoir cores using FW, sea water (SW) and low salinity water (LSW) as injection waters. The element composition of effluent samples was determined. Geochemical simulations were carried out to further investigate the interactions of brine with the mineral and rock in the flotation tests and core flooding experiments.
During aging of FW samples for 2 days, 46% of Fe2+ (50ppm) was oxidized to Fe3+. FW containing 50ppm Fe3+ gave less water-wet glauconite clay than FW without Fe3+. The flotation method showed that Fe3+ increased the concentration of oil-wet glauconite by 366% and 67% for two different FW/STO systems. The effluent Fe concentration was very low during injection of FW and SW to native reservoir cores, but a Fe peak was observed in LSW floods. No Fe was detected in the effluents during injection of FW, SW and LSW to the restored reservoir cores.
Geochemical simulations showed that 50ppm Fe3+ was not affecting the concentration of multivalent cations onto clay surfaces. The alteration of wettability of glauconite to less water-wet was most likely due to precipitation of surface active iron-minerals on glauconite surfaces. According to the simulations, the solubility of Fe3+ was very low in all brines (FW, SW and LSW) injected to the reservoir cores. The observed Fe-peak during injection of LSW to the native reservoir core plugs can therefore not be explained by the simulation results. The solubility of Fe3+ may have been higher than simulated because of complexes between Fe3+ and carboxylic acids.
The study has shown that geochemical simulations can be helpful in interpretation of different types of experiments. Similar method can also be used to evaluate the potential for oxidation of Fe2+ and thereby the risk for precipitation of surface active Fe-minerals. These can give wettability conditions not representative for the actual oil reservoir.
Pengembangan media pembelajaran big book untuk pembentukan karakter anak usia dini
Authors: Kiromi Ivonne Hafidlatil , Fauziah Puji Yanti 
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu guru dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran khususnya media pembelajaran dalam pembentukan karakter anak usia dini di PAUD Bakti Baitussalam Bantul. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research & Development (R&D). Media pembelajaran yang dihasilkan berupa media pembelajaran big book. Data diperoleh melalui teknik wawancara, lembar penilaian dari ahli media dan materi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok bermain yang berjumlah 28 anak. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajran big book dapat membantu guru dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran, khususnya pengembangan untuk pembentukan karakter anak usia dini. Penggunaan big book berdampak positive terhadap pembentukan karakter anak, dengan rata-rata kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi yaitu 43 dan kelas kontrol dengan rata-rata 39,14.Kata kunci: media pembelajaran big book, pembentukan karakter, anak usia dini Developing Teaching Media Through Big Book for Early Childhood Character Building AbstractThis study aims to assist teachers in developing instructional media particularly instructional media in shaping the character of young children in early childhood Bakti Baitussalam Bantul. This study uses research and development (R & D). The media that has been resulted is the big book media. Data obtained through interview techniques, expert assessment sheets of media and materials. This research subject is child play groups totaling 28 children. Based on the results of the data analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that learning media can be assist teachers in developing instructional media particularly instructional media in shaping the character of young children. The results show that use big book positively effect on the child character building, the experimental class is to gain a higher score is 43 and the control class to obtain a score of 39,14.Keywords: learning media big book, character building, early childhood
Efecto de la radiación ultravioleta y la colonización micorrízica en árboles pioneros de la región oriental de América del Norte
Authors: Lasso-Rivas Nilsen 
Published: March 2017

<p>Las plantas están expuestas a múltiples factores de estrés que causan alteraciones en su fisiología. Sin embargo, la evidencia sugiere que las<br />relaciones mutualistas con microorganismos pueden ayudar a las plantas a superar los efectos perjudiciales de algunos factores de estrés abiótico.<br />El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los efectos individuales e interactivos de los rayos ultravioleta (UV) (280-400 nm) y la simbiosis micorrizíca arbuscular (MA) en el crecimiento vegetativo en plántulas de tres especies de árboles pioneros. Se cultivaron en invernadero plántulas de Populus<br />deltoides, Betula nigra y Salix nigra usando un diseño factorial 2 × 2, con dos condiciones de radiación UV (con y sin radiación UV) y dos tratamientos<br />MA (inóculo MA vivo o inóculo MA previamente autoclavado). Después de tres meses, las plantas se cosecharon y se registraron crecimiento, morfología y asignación de biomasa; se evaluó porcentaje de colonización MA mediante técnica de cuadricula. Se encontró que las plántulas expuestas<br />a la radiación UV tenían menor peso seco de la raíz, diámetro del tallo, y relación raíz parte aérea (R/A), y mayor área foliar específica (AFE)<br />y razón de área foliar (RAF) que aquellas plantas cultivadas en ausencia de radiación UV. La colonización MA no evidenció aumento en el crecimiento<br />de las plantas. La radiación ultravioleta redujo el porcentaje de raíz colonizada por hongos MA en plántulas de P. deltoides y S. nigra. Se evidenció<br />que niveles ambientales de radiación UV pueden ejercer un efecto indirecto sobre la micorrización MA en plántulas de árboles pioneros.</p>
Eficacia de la cepa nativa de Bacillus subtilis como agente supresor del nematodo del nudo Meloidogyne spp. en cultivo de Capsicum annuum (ají pimiento piquillo)
Authors: Soto Deza Nancy Mercedes , López Medina Segundo Eloy , Murguía Reyes César Augusto 
Published: March 2017

<p>En campos de cultivo infestados con Nematodos se utilizó el diseño bloques completos al azar - DBCA. Se incorporó gallinaza al 85 % de pureza, 15 t/ha y 30 t/ha. Se inocularon esporas de B. subtilis, 1 × 106 esp/ mL y 2 × 106 esp/mL a semillas de Capsicum annuum en siembra directa (ensayo I), y trasplante (ensayo II). A los 45 y a los 90 días se determinaron análisis de poblaciones de Nematodos, índice de nodulación, altura de la planta y número de frutos. Los datos se sometieron a análisis de varianza utilizando el software Statgraphics Plus 5.0. Para estimar las diferencias significativas entre tratamientos se aplicó prueba Tukey. Al inicio el ensayo I evidenció alta infestación del nematodo del nudo Meloidogyne spp., 275-27720 Nematodos/100 cm3 de suelo. En el ensayo II la evidencia fue entre 9 - 1 nemátodos/100 cm3 de suelo, con diferencia significativa (P&amp;0,05). La población final registrada tras la aplicación de Bacillus subtilis fue de 13 y 0 nemátodos/100 cm3 de suelo; los niveles de población de Nematodos disminuyeron considerablemente: presentaron diferencia significativa (P&amp;0,05). La eficacia de B. subtilis sobre poblaciones de Meloidogyne spp. fue evidente, pues redujo las poblaciones iniciales del nematodo, que alcanzaron una tasa de reproducción menor que 1; el índice de agallamiento no alcanzó el grado 3. La interacción de B. subtilis con la enmienda estiércol de gallinaza favoreció la producción alcanzada en el cultivo de Capsicum annuum.</p>
Análisis energético de la sostenibilidad ambiental del municipio de Palmira (Colombia)
Authors: López Villalobos Iván Darío , Rodríguez Salcedo Judith 
Published: March 2017

<p class="Default"> </p><p> La creciente población urbana mundial, aumenta la demanda de recursos naturales para soste­ner la calidad de vida de la población humana, esto genera impactos negativos sobre los eco­sistemas naturales y la supervivencia de espe­cies para mantener servicios ambientales. Por este motivo, es necesario, medir el estado de las ciudades como sistemas ecológicos, con el fin, de priorizar la gestión ambiental, acorde al desa­rrollo sostenible. Para esto, existen metodologías de valoración crematísticas, basadas en el valor del dinero, que excluye el trabajo de la naturale­za para ofrecer servicios ambientales que pro­mueven sostenibilidad ambiental. Este estudio, investigó modelos que permiten una contabilidad ambiental, que integre ecosistemas naturales y urbanos, hallándose en la síntesis emergética, la propuesta más novedosa, basada en los con­ceptos de la termodinámica. Tomó como zona de estudio, al municipio de Palmira, definido como Tecnoecosistema, aplicando una metodología de cinco fases, basada en el método de la síntesis emergética. Calculándose el índice de produc­ción de emergía – EYR con 1,46, Índice de carga ambiental – ELR con 3,2 e Índice de sostenibili­dad ambiental – ESI con 0,46. El análisis indica, que la sostenibilidad ambiental y la generación de riqueza real, están limitada por el actual uso del suelo, y puede mejorarse, con mejor aprove­chamiento de este recurso, esto, sería una ges­tión transversal. Además, el Tecnoecosistema está sujeto al metabolismo social de la ciudad de Cali, por tanto, la demanda de bienes importados y uso del suelo urbano aumentará, afianzando la necesidad de gestión de políticas ambientales y proponer al municipio como Ciudad Emergente.</p>
REVIEW: Climate change, media, culture and the arts
Authors: Craddock Patrick 
Published: March 2017

I approached this special edition of Dreadlocks with caution and apprehension. I saw two interpretations for the title: did it mean embracing science with creative political decisions for change, or did it mean using creativity through the arts as a symbol for approaching climate change? There is little hard science in these published papers, although there is a view from Richard Dawkins that makes an iconic appearance in a paper by Briar Wood from London Metropolitan University. This emphasises the Dawkins view that scientists must reach out to ‘…for want of a better word, poets’ and that there is a mismatch between science and the metaphorical language used to describe the real world. Improving communication and understanding is a good point to make, although where does climate science meet the arts?