bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depth profiling cross‐linked poly(methyl methacrylate) films: a time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry approach
Authors: Naderi‐Gohar Soheila , Huang Kevin M.H. , Wu Yiliang , Lau Woon Ming , Nie Heng‐Yong 
Published: December 2016

RationaleIn order to determine the degree of cross‐linking on the surface and its variations in a nanometer‐scale depth of organic materials, we developed an approach based on time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS), which provides rich chemical information in the form of fragment ions. TOF‐SIMS is extremely surface‐sensitive and capable of depth profiling with the use of a sputter ion beam to remove controllable amounts of substance.MethodsPoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films spin‐coated on a Si substrate were cross‐linked using a recently developed, surface sensitive, hyperthermal hydrogen projectile bombardment technique. The ion intensity ratio between two ubiquitous hydrocarbon ions, C6H– and C4H–, detected in TOF‐SIMS, denoted as ρ, was used to assess the degree of cross‐linking of the PMMA films. The cross‐linking depth of the PMMA films was revealed by depth profiling ρ into the polymer films using a C60+ sputter beam.ResultsThe control PMMA film spin‐coated on a Si substrate was characterized by ρ = 32% on its surface when using a 25 keV Bi3+ primary ion beam. This parameter on the PMMA films subjected to HHIC treatment for 10, 100 and 500 s increased to 45%, 56% and 65%, respectively. The depth profiles of ρ obtained using a 10 keV C60+ ion beam resembled an exponential decay, from which the cross‐linking depth was estimated to be 3, 15 and 39 nm, respectively, for the three cross‐linked PMMA films.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that the ion intensity ratio of C6H– to C4H– detected in TOF‐SIMS provides a unique and simple means to assess the degree of cross‐linking of the surface of PMMA films cross‐linked by the surface sensitive hyperthermal hydrogen projectile bombardment technique. With a C60+ sputter beam, we were able to depth profile the PMMA films and determine cross‐linking depths of the cross‐linked polymer films at nanometer resolutions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust output‐feedback control of state‐multiplicative noisy discrete‐time systems
Authors: Gershon Eli , Shaked Uri 
Published: December 2016

SummaryLinear discrete‐time systems with stochastic and deterministic polytopic type uncertainties in their state‐space model are considered. A dynamic output‐feedback controller is obtained via a new approach that allows a derivation of a controller in spite of parameter uncertainty. In the proposed approach, the system is described via a difference equation and an augmented system is then used to obtain the output‐feedback controller parameters. The controller is obtained without assuming a specific structure to the quadratic Lyapunov function, and it is the first time that an output‐feedback controller is obtained for robust state‐multiplicative systems. The controller minimizes the stochastic L2‐gain of the closed‐loop where a cost function is defined to be the expected value of the standard
performance index with respect to the stochastic uncertainty. Two examples are given where the second of which demonstrates the applicability of our theory to a robot manipulator system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A generalized exact tracking control methodology for disturbed nonlinear systems via homogeneous domination approach
Authors: Zhang Chuanlin , Yang Jun , Li Shihua 
Published: December 2016

SummaryA generalized homogeneous exact set‐point tracking control methodology for a class of disturbed higher‐order nonlinear systems is investigated in this paper. By virtue of utilizing the disturbance estimation and active elimination approach, a homogeneous domination feedback technique is then integrated such that a generalized composite active anti‐disturbance control framework is proposed with a delicate handling procedure of the non‐vanishing nonlinearities. The proposed methodology has several new features. First, a genuine nonlinear composite controller employing the system nonlinearities will bring an improvement of the control performances. Second, the flexility of the design methodology renders its suitability for random output tracking with mismatched disturbances in every channel. Moreover, the control function is constructed in a neat nested form and hence easier to be implemented. Numerical simulation results affirm the output tracking control performances. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Simple View of Writing in Chinese
Authors: Yeung Pui‐sze , Ho Connie Suk‐han , Chan David Wai‐ock , Chung Kevin Kien‐hoa 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study examined the Chinese written composition development of elementary‐grade students in relation to the simple view of writing. Measures of nonverbal reasoning ability, component skills of transcription (stroke sequence knowledge, word spelling, and handwriting fluency), oral language (definitional skill, oral narrative skills, and syntactic skills), working memory, and Chinese written composition were administered to 249 Chinese students in grades 1, 3, and 5 in Hong Kong. Hierarchical multiple regression results showed that transcription skills (word spelling and handwriting fluency), syntactic skills, and working memory were unique predictors of Chinese written composition after controlling for nonverbal reasoning ability. No interaction effect of grade and cognitive‐linguistic skills contributed a significant amount of unique variance to Chinese written composition. The structural equation modeling results showed that the postulated simple view of writing in Chinese can be used to theorize the findings on the cognitive processes involved in Chinese writing.
Authentication of spatio‐textual similarity join queries in untrusted cloud environments
Authors: Yan Han , Cheng Xiang , Wang Dezheng , Su Sen , Zhang Qiying 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we study the problem of authentication of spatio‐textual similarity join queries in untrusted cloud environments. To solve this problem, we first propose a pairwise authentication scheme, where object pairs are considered as basic processing units. In this scheme, an object hash tree is proposed for the data owner (DO) to build the authenticated data structure (ADS) over the data collection. Moreover, during join processing, a pair table is introduced for the service provider (SP) to construct the verification object (VO) for client's authentication. However, when clients authenticate the join results, they have large number of pairs to examine, which leads to excessive computation cost. Therefore, we then propose an optimized MR*‐tree‐based scheme. In this scheme, the DO spatially organizes the objects in an ADS called MR*‐tree, which combines the concepts of the Merkle hash tree and the R*‐tree. Based on the MR*‐tree, the SP employs the depth‐first search strategy to find the join results and constructs the VO according to the visited nodes of the MR*‐tree. Our extensive experiments on the real‐world dataset verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed schemes on several performance metrics, including the data preprocessing time, running time, VO size, and authentication time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parameters of fetal pulmonary vascular health: baseline trends and response to maternal hyperoxia in the second and third trimesters
Authors: Yamamoto Y. , Hirose A. , Howley L. , Savard W. , Jain V. , Hornberger L. K. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesSeveral parameters, including branch pulmonary artery (PA) diameter and Doppler‐derived PA acceleration‐to‐ejection time ratio (AT/ET), peak late‐systolic/early‐diastolic reversed flow (PEDRF) and pulsatility index (PI) response to maternal hyperoxia, have been used to investigate fetal pulmonary health. Lower AT/ET, increased PEDRF and lack of PI response to hyperoxia have been observed in fetuses with severe lung hypoplasia and are considered markers of pulmonary vascular resistance. We sought to further define the evolution of PA diameter and Doppler parameters and their response to maternal hyperoxia in healthy fetuses.MethodsFifty‐four prospectively recruited women with healthy pregnancy underwent fetal echocardiography from 18–36 weeks of gestation. After baseline branch PA diameter and Doppler assessment, oxygen (8–10 L/min) was administered by non‐reservoir facemask for 10 min and PA Doppler parameters were reassessed.ResultsBranch PA diameters and AT/ET increased linearly with gestational age, while PEDRF increased quadratically (P < 0.001 for all) and PA‐PI did not change. In response to maternal hyperoxia, although most fetuses demonstrated a significant decrease in PI for both branch PAs (right PA, P = 0.025; left PA, P = 0.040) ≥ 30 weeks, significant variability was observed in PI response with 31% of cases demonstrating either no response or a slight decrease. No other parameter demonstrated a measurable change in response to maternal hyperoxia.ConclusionsFrom the mid‐trimester, fetal branch PA diameters and AT/ET increase linearly and PEDRF increases quadratically, whereas PI remains unchanged. Although maternal hyperoxia triggers a significant decrease in PA‐PI after 30 weeks, variability in this response may reduce its utility in clinical practice. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Accounting for risk aversion, income distribution and social welfare in cost‐benefit analysis for flood risk management
Authors: Kind Jarl , Wouter Botzen W.J. , Aerts Jeroen C.J.H. 
Published: December 2016

Most cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) textbooks and guidelines recognize the objective of CBAs to improve social welfare—a function of well‐being of all individuals, conceptualized by utility. However, today's common practice to value flood risk management benefits as the reduction of the expected annual damages does not comply with this concept of social welfare, since it erroneously focuses on money instead of well‐being (utility). Diminishing marginal utility of money implies that risk aversion and income differences should be taken into account while calculating the social welfare benefits of flood risk management. This is especially important when social vulnerability is high, damage compensation is incomplete and the distribution of income is regarded as unfair and income is not redistributed in other ways. Disagreement, misconception, complexity, untrained professionals, political economy and failing guidance are potential reasons why these concepts are not being applied. Compared to the common practice, a theoretically more sound social welfare approach to CBA for flood risk management leads to different conclusions on who to target, what to do, how much to invest and how to share risks, with increased emphasis on resiliency measures for population segments with low income and high social vulnerability. The social welfare approach to CBA, illustrated in this study in the context of floods, can be applied to other climate risks as well, such as storms, droughts, and landslides. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e446. doi: 10.1002/wcc.446This article is categorized under:

Climate Economics > Iterative Risk‐Management Policy Portfolios
Removal of Direct Yellow 27 Dye by Ionic Flocculation: The Use of an Environmentally Friendly Surfactant
Authors: Melo Ricardo Paulo Fonseca , de Barros Neto Eduardo Lins , Moura Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar , de Castro Dantas Tereza Neuma , Dantas Neto Afonso Avelino , Nunes Shirlle Katia da Silva 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe presence of dyes is one of the main contributors to the organic load in textile effluents. In this study a mixture of surfactants, produced from animal/vegetable fats, was used to remove the Direct Yellow 27 dye from a synthetic wastewater through an ionic flocculation process. It was evaluated the effect of contact time, temperature, and surfactant concentration on dye removal efficiency. It was also evaluated the kinetics, equilibrium, and diffusion mechanism of the process. The kinetics of the process was well described by both Pseudo‐second order and Elovich models. The transport of dye molecules to the surfactant flocs is controlled by the external layer. Equilibrium data showed a good fit to the Langmuir model. A removal rate of 93% was achieved in a single stage, after 5 h of contact time.
Adsorption and Aggregation Activity of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Rhamnolipid Mixture
Authors: Mańko Diana , Zdziennicka Anna , Jańczuk Bronisław 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMeasurements of the surface tension, density and viscosity of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and rhamnolipid (RL) mixtures were carried out in aqueous solution. From the obtained results, composition of mixed surface layer at the water–air interface, mixed micelles, parameter of intermolecular interactions, activity of SDS and RL in the surface layer and micelles, Gibbs standard free energy of adsorption and micellization as well as Gibbs free energy of SDS and RL mixing in the surface layer and micelles were established. These parameters were discussed in the light of independent adsorption of SDS and RL and the size of their molecules as well as the area in contact with water molecules. A correlation between the number of water molecules in contact with those of SDS and RL and standard free energy of adsorption as well as micellization of these surfactants was observed. A correlation between the apparent and partial molar volumes of RL and SDS in their mixture and size of surfactant molecules as well as the average distance between molecules was also found. The parameter of intermolecular interactions indicates that there is a synergetic effect in the reduction of water surface tension and micelle formation.
Endoscopic treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage: A technical review
Authors: Zhao Yi‐ning , Chen Xiao‐lei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is still a highlighting global issue. Endoscopic evacuation as a minimally invasive treatment became an alternative other than conventional craniotomy and catheter drainage for ICH. However, there is no unified indication or standardized procedure on endoscopic treatment of ICH. Here we explored the literature and gathered information from different studies, to review the background, technical points, and existing problems of endoscopic treatment for ICH.
Repetitive head impact exposure and later‐life plasma total tau in former National Football League players
Authors: Alosco Michael L. , Tripodis Yorghos , Jarnagin Johnny , Baugh Christine M. , Martin Brett , Chaisson Christine E. , Estochen Nate , Song Linan , Cantu Robert C. , Jeromin Andreas , Stern Robert A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionBlood protein analysis of total tau (t‐tau) may be a practical screening biomarker for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a neurodegenerative tauopathy associated with repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure. We examined plasma t‐tau in symptomatic former National Football League (NFL) players compared with controls and the relationship between RHI exposure and later‐life plasma t‐tau.MethodsNinety‐six former NFL players (age 40–69) and 25 same‐age controls underwent blood draw to determine plasma t‐tau levels. The cumulative head impact index (CHII) quantified RHI exposure. Subjects completed measures of clinical function.ResultsA higher CHII predicted greater plasma t‐tau in the former NFL players (P = .0137). No group differences in plasma t‐tau emerged, but a concentration ≥3.56 pg/mL was 100% specific to former NFL players. Plasma t‐tau did not predict clinical function.DiscussionGreater RHI exposure predicted higher later‐life plasma t‐tau concentrations, and further study on plasma t‐tau as a candidate screening biomarker for CTE is warranted.
Evaluation of mechanical strengths of three types of mini‐implants in artificial bones
Authors: Tseng Yu‐Chuan , Wu Ju‐Hui , Ting Chun‐Chan , Chen Hong‐Sen , Chen Chun‐Ming 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe investigates the effect of the anchor area on the mechanical strengths of infrazygomatic mini‐implants. Thirty mini‐implants were divided into three types based on the material and shape: Type A (titanium alloy, 2.0 × 12 mm), Type B (stainless steel, 2.0 × 12 mm), and Type C (titanium alloy, 2.0 × 11 mm). The mini‐implants were inserted at 90° and 45° into the artificial bone to a depth of 7 mm, without predrilling. The mechanical strengths [insertion torque (IT), resonance frequency (RF), and removal torque (RT)] and the anchor area were measured. We hypothesized that no correlation exists among the mechanical forces of each brand. In the 90° tests, the IT, RF, and RT of Type C (8.5 N cm, 10.2 kHz, and 6.1 N cm, respectively) were significantly higher than those of Type A (5.0 N cm, 7.7 kHz, and 4.7 N cm, respectively). In the 45° test, the RFs of Type C (9.2 kHz) was significantly higher than those of Type A (7.0 kHz) and Type B (6.7 kHz). The anchor area of the mini‐implants was in the order of Type C (706 mm2) > Type B (648 mm2) > Type A (621 mm2). Type C exhibited no significant correlation in intragroup comparisons, and the hypothesis was accepted. In the 90° and 45° tests, Type C exhibited the largest anchor area and the highest mechanical strengths (IT, RF, and RT) among the three types of mini‐implants. The anchor area plays a crucial role in the mechanical strength of mini‐implants.
A 50-m laser strainmeter system installed in Transbaikalia: testing results
Authors: Dolgikh G.I. , Dolgikh S.G. , Rasskazov I.Yu. , Lugovoy V.A. , Saksin B.G. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We report testing results for a 50-m laser strainmeter installed 300 m under the ground in a mine of PJSC Priargunsky Industrial Mining and Chemical Union (Krasnokamensk) and demonstrate its ability to record microseisms and waves of infrasonic–sonic bandwidths. Processing and interpretation of the collected data provides information about microseismic to tidal strain changes in the Transbaikalian region.
Kinematics of recent tectonic motions in the east of the Mongol–Okhotsk Fold Belt
Authors: Zhizherin V.S. , Serov M.A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We present the first data of GPS measurements on recent motions in the east of the Mongol–Okhotsk Fold Belt. Processing of GPS data yielded a vector field of the velocities of observation point displacements in the geodynamic network of the Upper Amur region. Comprehensive analysis of geological and geophysical data and the estimated velocities of site displacements in this network have shown kinematic heterogeneity of the present-day Mongol–Okhotsk Fold Belt and an intricate deformation pattern there. The tectonic regime within the belt permits considering it a buffer or transit zone, where tectonic stresses arise as a result of the different kinematics of the surrounding tectonic structures.
Geological and geomorphological characteristics of the Posolsky Bank and the Kukuy Griva, Lake Baikal
Authors: Khlystov O.M. , Kononov E.E. , Khabuev A.V. , Belousov O.V. , Gubin N.A. , Solovyeva M.A. , Naudts L. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Detailed geological and geophysical investigations of the underwater topography of Lake Baikal, based on single-channel high-resolution seismic profiling and bathymetric survey using an ELAC SeaBeam 1050 multibeam echosounder, as well as the data obtained during diving of MIR deep-sea manned underwater submersibles determined the morphological characteristics of the Posolsky Bank and Kukuy Griva elevations suggesting that their elevated parts represent fragments of the once common delta surface of the Selenga River. The current relief of these structures resulted from the joint activity of tectonic and underwater erosive processes. Sediments at the base of the slope of the Kukuy Griva are likely to be no older than 1.8 Ma.
Nivel de empatía médica y factores asociados en estudiantes de medicina
Authors: Parra Ramírez Giovanny De Jesús , Cámara Vallejos Rubén Marcelo 
Published: December 2016

Introducción: La empatía médica es una cualidad que permite al médico comprender mejor al paciente. La actitud empática involucra principalmente la dimensión cognitiva y se adquiere en los procesos formativos del médico.
Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de empatía médica y factores asociados en estudiantes de medicina.
Método: Se aplicó la escala de empatía médica de Jefferson a 180 estudiantes de medicina, misma que está diseñada para obtener un puntaje ubicado entre 20 y 140. Con base en esto y empleando una desviación estándar de 12.98, obtenida de un estudio piloto, se creó una escala ponderada de empatía médica para establecer el nivel de dicha empatía. Variables dependientes: Puntaje de la escala de empatía médica de Jefferson y nivel de empatía médica; variables independientes: grado escolar, edad, sexo, lugar de procedencia, escuela de procedencia, religión y especialidad que aspira a estudiar. Pruebas estadísticas empleadas: Tau-b de Kendall, correlación de Spearman, Chi cuadrado, U de Mann Whitney, ANOVA y t de Student.
Resultados: El puntaje obtenido se ubicó en 5 categorías que van de deficiente a alto. El puntaje promedio obtenido fue 113, equivalente a un nivel sobresaliente. Se obtuvo correlación significativa entre grado escolar y nivel de empatía (p = 0.001; índice Tau-b = −0.231) y entre edad y nivel de empatía (p = 0.006, índice Rho = −0.176). Las mujeres obtuvieron mayor puntaje de empatía (p = 0.017).
Conclusiones: Los estudiantes obtuvieron un nivel sobresaliente de empatía médica. El nivel menor se obtuvo en los de mayor grado escolar y edad. Las mujeres son más empáticas que los hombres. A mayor grado escolar menor habilidad para la toma de perspectiva, atencióncompasiva y «situarse en el lugar del otro»; a mayor edad menor habilidad para «situarse en ellugar del otro»; las mujeres presentaron mayor habilidad para la toma de perspectiva y tencióncompasiva.
Cyclic AC253, a novel amylin receptor antagonist, improves cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Soudy Rania , Patel Aarti , Fu Wen , Kaur Kamaljit , MacTavish David , Westaway David , Davey Rachel , Zajac Jeffrey , Jhamandas Jack 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionAmylin receptor serves as a portal for the expression of deleterious effects of amyloid β‐protein (Aβ), a key pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Previously, we showed that AC253, an amylin receptor antagonist, is neuroprotective against Aβ toxicity in vitro and abrogates Aβ‐induced impairment of hippocampal long‐term potentiation.MethodsAmyloid precursor protein–overexpressing TgCRND8 mice received intracerebroventricularly AC253 for 5 months. New cyclized peptide cAC253 was synthesized and administered intraperitoneally three times a week for 10 weeks in the same mouse model. Cognitive functions were monitored, and pathologic changes were quantified biochemically and immunohistochemically.ResultsAC253, when administered intracerebroventricularly, improves spatial memory and learning, increases synaptic integrity, reduces microglial activation without discernible adverse effects in TgCRND8 mice. cAC253 demonstrates superior brain permeability, better proteolytic stability, and enhanced binding affinity to brain amylin receptors after a single intraperitoneal injection. Furthermore, cAC253 administered intraperitoneally also demonstrates improvement in spatial memory in TgCRND8 mice.DiscussionAmylin receptor is a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease and represents a disease‐modifying therapy for this condition.