bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On equilibrium in non‐hydrostatic metamorphic systems
Authors: Powell R. , Evans K. A. , Green E. C. R. , White R. W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMetamorphic geology has accumulated a huge body of observation on mineral assemblages that reveal strong patterns in occurrence, summarized, for example, in the idea of metamorphic facies. On the realization that such patterns needed a simple explanation, there has been considerable a posteriori success from adopting the idea that equilibrium thermodynamics can be used on mineral assemblages to make sense of the patterns in terms of, for example, the pressure and temperature of formation of mineral assemblages. In doing so, a particularly simple implicit assumption is made, that mineral assemblages operate essentially hydrostatically. Structural geologists have studied the same rocks for different ends, but, remarkably, the phenomena they are interested in depend on non‐hydrostatic stress. We look at the effect of such behaviour on mineral equilibria. With adoption of some plausible assumptions about how metamorphism in the crust works, the consequence of minerals being non‐hydrostatically stressed is commonly second order in equilibrium calculations.
Neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4) controls neuronal homeostasis in pentylenetetrazole‐induced epilepsy through the induction of Homer1a
Authors: Shan Wei , Nagai Taku , Tanaka Motoki , Itoh Norimichi , Furukawa‐Hibi Yoko , Nabeshima Toshitaka , Sokabe Masahiro , Yamada Kiyofumi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNeuronal intrinsic homeostatic scaling‐down of excitatory synapse has been implicated in epilepsy pathogenesis to prevent the neuronal circuits from hyperexcitability. Recent findings suggest a role for neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4), an activity‐dependent neuron‐specific transcription factor in epileptogenesis, however, the underlying mechanism by which Npas4 regulates epilepsy remains unclear. We herein propose that limbic seizure activity up‐regulates Npas4‐homer1a signaling in the hippocampus, thereby contributing to epileptogenesis in mice. The expression level of Npas4mRNA was significantly increased after the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) treatment. Npas4KO mice developed kindling more rapidly than their wild‐type littermates. The expression of Homer1a in the hippocampus increased after seizure activity. Npas4 increased Homer1a promoter activity in COS7 cells. The PTZ‐stimulated induction of Homer1a was attenuated in the hippocampus of Npas4KO mice. The combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that Homer1amRNA co‐localized with the Npas4 protein after the convulsive seizure response. PTZ reduced excitatory synaptic transmission at the associational/commissural fibers‐CA3 synapses through the Npas4‐mediated down‐regulation of postsynaptic α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptors in hippocampal CA3 neurons. The adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐mediated expression of Homer1a resulted in lower α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid‐type glutamate receptor GluA1 subunit levels in the hippocampal plasma membrane fraction than in that from AAV‐EGFP‐transfected Npas4KO mice. The development of kindling was more strongly suppressed in AAV‐Homer1a‐microinjected Npas4KO mice than in AAV‐EGFP‐microinjected Npas4KO mice. These results indicate that Npas4 functions as a molecular switch to initiate homeostatic scaling and the targeting of Npas4‐Homer1a signaling may provide new approaches for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Triheptanoin protects against status epilepticus‐induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunctions, oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration
Authors: Tan Kah Ni , Simmons David , Carrasco‐Pozo Catalina , Borges Karin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTriheptanoin, the triglyceride of heptanoate, is anaplerotic (refills deficient tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates) via the propionyl‐CoA carboxylase pathway. It has been shown to be neuroprotective and anticonvulsant in several models of neurological disorders. Here, we investigated the effects of triheptanoin against changes of hippocampal mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress and cell death induced by pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus (SE) in mice. Ten days of triheptanoin pre‐treatment did not protect against SE, but it preserved hippocampal mitochondrial functions including state 2, state 3 ADP, state 3 uncoupled respiration, respiration linked to ATP synthesis along with the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex 24 h post‐SE. Triheptanoin prevented the SE‐induced reductions of hippocampal mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity and plasma antioxidant status as well as lipid peroxidation. It also reduced neuronal degeneration in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions 3 days after SE. In addition, heptanoate significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide‐induced cell death in cultured neurons. In situ hybridization localized the enzymes of the propionyl‐CoA carboxylase pathway, specifically Pccα, Pccβ and methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase to adult mouse hippocampal pyramidal neurons and dentate granule cells, indicating that anaplerosis may occur in neurons. In conclusion, triheptanoin appears to have anaplerotic and antioxidant effects which contribute to its neuroprotective properties.
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AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PRECAMBRIAN PETROLEUM SYSTEM IN THE SANKURU‐MBUJI‐MAYI‐LOMAMI‐LOVOY BASIN, SOUTH‐CENTRAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
Authors: Delpomdor F. , Bonneville S. , Baert K. , Préat A. 
Published: December 2017

This study presents a preliminary assessment of the petroleum potential of the Meso‐Neoproterozoic Mbuji‐Mayi Supergroup in the Sankuru‐Mbuji‐Mayi‐Lomami‐Lovoy Basin in the southern‐central Democratic Republic of Congo. This basin is one of the least explored in Central Africa and is a valuable resource for the evaluation of the petroleum system in the greater Congo Basin area. Highly altered carbonates (potential reservoir rocks) and black shales (potential source rocks) are present in the Mbuji‐Mayi Supergroup, which can be divided into the BI and overlying BII groups (Stenian and Tonian, respectively). For this study, samples of the BIe to BIIe subgroups from five boreholes and two outcrops were evaluated with petrographic, petrophysical and geochemical analyses.Carbonates in the BIe to BIIe subgroups with reservoir potential include oolitic packstones and grainstones, stromatolitic packstones and boundstones, various dolostones, and brecciated and zoned limestones. Thin section studies showed that porosity in samples of these carbonates is mainly vuggy and mouldic with well‐developed fractures, and secondary porosity is up to 12%. Black shales in the BIIc subgroup have TOC contents of 0.5–1%, and the organic matter is interpreted to have been derived from precursor Type I / II kerogen. The thermal maturity of asphaltite in carbonate samples is indicated by Raman spectroscopy‐derived palaeo‐temperatures which range from ∼150 to ∼260°C, which is typical of low‐grade metamorphism. Raman reflectance (RmcRo%) values on asphaltite samples were between 1.0 and 2.7%, indicating mature organic matter corresponding to the oil and wet gas windows. Source rock maturation and primary oil migration are interpreted to have occurred during Lufilian deformation (650–530 Ma). The solid asphaltite present in fractures in the dolostones of the BIIc subgroup may represent biodegraded light oil from an as‐yet unknown source which probably migrated during the Cambrian‐Ordovician (∼540–480 Ma). This migration event may have been related to the effects of the peak phase of Lufilian deformation in the Katanga Basin to the SE.This study is intended to provide a starting‐point for more detailed evaluations of potential hydrocarbon systems in the Sankuru‐Mbuji‐Mayi‐Lomami‐Lovoy Basin and the adjacent greater Congo Basin area.
A STRATIGRAPHIC REVIEW OF THE LATE CALLOVIAN TO OXFORDIAN INTERVAL, FISHER BANK BASIN AREA (UK SECTOR, CENTRAL NORTH SEA)
Authors: Duxbury S. , Vieira M. 
Published: December 2017

The Middle to Upper Jurassic succession of six wells in the Fisher Bank Basin area has been reviewed within a consistent biostratigraphic framework. Significant, but age‐equivalent, vertical and lateral facies changes across the area have been demonstrated and a number of controlling factors are discussed. Several candidate Maximum Flooding Surfaces (MFSs) have been recognised, and various approaches to sequence stratigraphy in the Central North Sea are assessed. This has been particularly focused on the J40/J50 sequence boundary (top Middle Oxfordian) of Rattey and Hayward (1993) and its position with respect to the MFS picks of various authors. New analyses across the Port‐an‐Righ Ironstone MFS from an onshore outcrop and its correlation to the northern Moray Firth indicate that this may not be represented by the high gamma feature widely correlated throughout the Central North Sea, as the latter seems to occur at a slightly older level; it might occur as a more subdued feature, which is difficult to pick on logs in more heterogeneous settings.Sporomorph EcoGroup (SEG) analysis has allowed discussion of miospore assemblage fluctuations in response to various environmental factors such as climate change or sea level/base level fluctuations. Using marine palynomorphs whose distribution is essentially independent of lithology, detailed and consistent sub‐division and correlation of important Fulmar Formation reservoir sands allows direct comparison with the Heather and Kimmeridge Clay Formations in more distal settings. The transition from Fulmar Formation sands (reservoir) to Heather Formation shales (caprock) within the Armada Complex and SW Seymour gas fields is shown to be equivalent to an intra‐Kimmeridge Clay event in more distal wells.The current study emphasises the importance of having in place a dependable and well‐tested regional biostratigraphic framework as a basis for stratigraphic interpretation.
Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis B in patients with diabetes mellitus in the UK: A population‐based cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Ferreira G. L. C. , Marano C. , De Moerlooze L. , Guignard A. , Feng Y. , El Hahi Y. , van Staa T. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryWe assessed the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis B (Hep B) in patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). This was a retrospective, observational study of diabetic and nondiabetic cohorts aged 0‐80 years using CPRD (NCT02324218). Incidence rates (IR) for each cohort were calculated. Crude and adjusted (Poisson regression) IR ratios (IRR) were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare the cohorts. Hep B prevalence stratified by age, and hospitalization related to Hep B was also calculated. Of 7 712 043 subjects identified, 4 839 770 were included (DM: 160 760; non‐DM: 4 679 010). Mean ages were 54.4 and 32.0 years, and 57.20% and 50.14% were male in the diabetic and nondiabetic cohorts, respectively. Hep B was identified in 29 diabetic and 845 nondiabetic subjects; IR was 4.03 per 100 000 person‐years and 2.88 per 100 000 person‐years, respectively. The adjusted IRR was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.70‐1.50) between diabetic and nondiabetic cohorts. Hep B prevalence was higher in the diabetic cohort (0.01%‐0.26%) than in the nondiabetic cohort (0.00%‐0.03%) across the different age groups. Hep B‐associated hospitalization IR was higher in the diabetic cohort (4.98‐10.91) than the nondiabetic cohort (0.26‐2.44). The Hep B IR, hospitalization and prevalence were higher in males in both cohorts. In conclusion, the risk of incident Hep B diagnosis in the diabetic cohort was not different from that in the nondiabetic cohort. However, prevalence of Hep B and Hep B‐associated hospitalization rate was higher in the diabetic than in the nondiabetic cohort.
Association of California Mastitis Test Scores with Intramammary Infection Status in Lactating Dairy Cows Admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital
Authors: Kandeel S.A. , Morin D.E. , Calloway C.D. , Constable P.D. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundSubclinical mastitis is of concern in veterinary hospitals because contagious mastitis pathogens might be unknowingly transmitted to susceptible cows and then back to their farm of origin.ObjectivesTo evaluate the California mastitis test (CMT) as an indicator of intramammary infection (IMI) in lactating dairy cows admitted to a veterinary hospital.AnimalsA total of 139 admissions of 128 lactating dairy cows admitted to the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital over a 2‐year period.MethodsA retrospective study with a convenience sample was conducted. Medical records of cows with CMT results and milk culture results for the day of admission were reviewed. Breed, age, season, maximum CMT score for the 4 quarters, maximum CMT score difference, and clinical diagnosis were evaluated as predictors of IMI by the chi‐square test and stepwise logistic regression.ResultsAn IMI was identified in 51% of quarters. For cows admitted without evidence of clinical mastitis, the sensitivity of a CMT score ≥trace in predicting an IMI on a quarter or cow basis was 0.45 and 0.68, respectively. The distributions of maximal quarter CMT score and the maximum difference in quarter CMT score for cows without evidence of clinical mastitis did not differ (P = 0.28,P = 0.84, respectively) for cows with and without IMI. Stepwise logistic regression did not identify significant predictors of IMI in cows without clinical mastitis.ConclusionsLactating dairy cattle admitted to a veterinary hospital should be managed as if they have an IMI, even in the absence of clinical mastitis.
Evaluation and Comparison of 2 On‐Farm Tests for Estimating Somatic Cell Count in Quarter Milk Samples from Lactating Dairy Cattle
Authors: Kandeel S.A. , Megahed A.A. , Arnaout F.K. , Constable P.D. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThe somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly used to monitor udder health and diagnose subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) in dairy cattle.HypothesisThe Somaticell test (ST) and California mastitis test (CMT) are clinically useful cow‐side tests for diagnosing subclinical IMI.AnimalsOne hundred and eleven dairy cows at dry‐off and 92 cows within 4–7 days postcalving.MethodsQuarter foremilk samples were obtained and analyzed with a DeLaval cell counter (DCC, reference method), ST, and CMT. The ST was run in a simulated cow‐side manner using milk at 37°C instead of 0–8°C as recommended by the manufacturer. Test performance for diagnosing IMI (DCC SCC >200,000 cells/mL) was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the kappa coefficient (κ) at the optimal cut‐point for each test. The effect of milk/reagent temperature also was evaluated.ResultsCompared to the reference method, the ST run in a simulated cow‐side manner had an AUC = 0.68 and κ = 0.24 at dry‐off, and AUC = 0.74 and κ = 0.40 in fresh cows. The CMT performed much better than the ST in diagnosing subclinical IMI with AUC = 0.88 and κ = 0.77 at dry‐off, and AUC = 0.87 and κ = 0.76 in fresh cows. The measured ST value decreased with increasing temperature of the milk/reagent mixture.Conclusions/Clinical ImportanceThe ST is optimized for use on milk at 0–8°C and is therefore designed for on‐farm use on refrigerated milk samples. The ST is not suited for use as a cow‐side screening test for IMI because the milk temperature exceeds the recommended range for the test.
Pyrosequencing reveals specific associations of bacterial clades Roseobacter and Flavobacterium with the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides growing in culture
Authors: Park Bum Soo , Guo Ruoyu , Lim Weol‐Ae , Ki Jang‐Seu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHarmful algal blooms of the dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides are of worldwide environmental concern. Previous field studies have demonstrated the association of such algal blooms with free‐living bacteria (FLB) and particle‐associated bacteria (PAB). In the present study, we report evidence for bacterial association with C. polykrikoides in laboratory culture. Sampling was performed at different growth stages (lag, exponential and stationary) and pyrosequencing was used to identify taxa. As a result, the community structures of FLB and PAB were elucidated and significant differences between FLB and PAB were identified by hierarchical cluster analysis and the similarity profiles test (p = .05). The relative abundances of bacterial operational taxonomic units distinctly changed in response to the different phases of C. polykrikoides growth. The Roseobacter genus Marivita and the Flavobacterium genus Winogradskyella were dominant in the FLB and PAB associated with C. polykrikoides, respectively. The Roseobacter clade, which has also exhibited associations with C. polykrikoides blooms in field samples, may influence host cell growth through the provision of vitamins.
Damage Identification for Hysteretic Structures Using a Mode Decomposition Method
Authors: Poskus E. , Rodgers G. W. , Zhou C. , Chase J. G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article investigates structural health monitoring (SHM) of multidegree of freedom (MDOF) structures after major seismic or environmental events. A recently developed hysteresis loop analysis (HLA) SHM technique has performed robustly for single degree of freedom (SDOF) and single mode dominant MDOF structures. However, strong ground motions can trigger higher vibration modes, resulting in irregular hysteresis loops and making this otherwise robust identification difficult. This study presents a new filtering tool, enabling reconstruction of single mode dominant restoring force‐displacement loops which can be readily used for HLA.The proposed filtering tool is based on a classic modal decomposition using optimized mode shape coefficients. The optimization process is carried out in a modal space and is based on decoupling frequency response spectra of interfering modes. Application of modal decomposition using the optimized mode shape coefficients allows for reconstruction of single‐mode dominant hysteresis loops, which can be effectively identified using HLA. The proposed filtering tool is validated on the reconstruction of hysteresis loops on an experimental bridge pier test structure with notable contributions from at least two modes.The results show the method eliminates the influence of all higher modes that contain significant energy content and yields the reconstruction of “smooth” single mode dominant hysteresis loops. The resulting SHM analysis on the reconstructed experimental hysteresis loops identified degradation in the elastic stiffness profiles, indicating damage within the structure and matching prior published results based on physical inspection of damage. The overall method presented increases the breadth of potential application of the HLA method and can be readily generalized to a range of MDOF structures.
Zero‐fluoroscopy permanent pacemaker implantation using Ensite NavX system: Clinical viability or fanciful technique?
Authors: Guo Ping , Qiu Jie , Wang Yan , Chen Guangzhi , Proietti Riccardo , Fadhle AL‐Selmi , Zhao Chunxia , Wen Wang Dao 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundFluoroscopy is the imaging modality routinely used for cardiac device implantation and electrophysiological procedures. Due to the rising concern regarding the harmful effects of radiation exposure to both the patients and operation staffs, novel 3D mapping systems have been developed and implemented in electrophysiological procedure for the navigation of catheters inside the heart chambers. Their applicability in cardiac device implantation has been rarely reported. Our aim is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of permanent pacemaker implantation without fluoroscopy.Methods and resultsFrom January 2012 to June 2016, six patients (50 ± 15 years, four of six were female, one of who was at the 25th week of gestation) who underwent permanent pacemaker implantation were included (zero‐fluoroscopy group). Data from 20 consecutive cases of implantation performed under fluoroscopy guidance were chosen as a control group (fluoroscopy group). Total implantation procedure time for single‐chamber pacemaker was 51.3 ± 13.1 minutes in the zero‐fluoroscopy group and 42.6 ± 7.4 minutes in the fluoroscopy group (P = 0.155). The implantation procedural time for a dual‐chamber pacemaker was 88.3 ± 19.6 minutes and 67.3 ± 7.6 minutes in the zero‐fluoroscopy and fluoroscopy groups (P = 0.013), respectively. No complications were observed during the procedure and the follow‐up in the two groups, and all pacemakers worked with satisfactory parameters.ConclusionEnsite NavX system can be used as a reliable and safe zero‐fluoroscopy approach for the implantation of single‐ or dual‐chamber permanent pacemakers in specific patients, such as pregnant women or in extreme situations when the x‐ray machine is not available.
New generation cardioverter‐defibrillator lead with a floating atrial sensing dipole: Long‐term performance
Authors: Safak Erdal , D´Ancona Giuseppe , Kaplan Hilmi , Caglayan Evren , Kische Stephan , Öner Alper , Ince Hüseyin , Ortak Jasmin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe study aim is to present the long‐term performance of a new generation implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) electrode with floating atrial dipole (Linox S DX, Biotronik, Berlin, Germany).BackgroundThe single ICD electrode with a floating dipole in the atrial chamber was introduced about 15 years ago to overcome risk of inappropriate shock.MethodsAfter implantation, internal electrocardiogram data were prospectively collected via telemonitoring (Home Monitoring, Biotronik).ResultsA total of 93 patients (81.5% male, 18.5% female; 58.9 ± 12.3 years) were implanted with a single–chamber ICD using the Linox S DX. Patients were followed up for a median of 693 days (33–2,460 days). At time of implantation average p‐wave value was 3.5 ± 1.7 mV and remained stable throughout follow‐up with an average value of 3.7 ± 1 mV (P = 0.2). A total of 460 arrhythmic episodes were recorded and 185 (40.2%) were incorrectly stratified by the device software. Seven patients (7.5%) experienced inappropriate ICD therapy. In three patients, VT episodes were not detected and remained untreated.ConclusionsAlthough the Linox S DX lead presents a satisfactory long‐term stability of the atrial sensing, many of the messages sent to the device during follow‐up were incorrectly classified by the ICD software. As a result, inappropriate therapy occurred with a rate similar to that observed with dual‐chamber ICDs, but some malignant arrhythmias remained undiagnosed and untreated while occurring.Results in larger prospective cohorts should be analyzed and software improvements of the device should be suggested to overcome these potential drawbacks.