bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The California-Kepler Survey. II. Precise Physical Properties of 2025 Kepler Planets and Their Host Stars*
Authors: Johnson John Asher , Petigura Erik A. , Fulton Benjamin J. , Marcy Geoffrey W. , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Hebb Leslie , Cargile Phillip A. , Morton Timothy D. , Weiss Lauren M. , Winn Joshua N. , Rogers Leslie A. , Sinukoff Evan , Hirsch Lea A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present stellar and planetary properties for 1305 Kepler Objects of Interest hosting 2025 planet candidates observed as part of the California-Kepler Survey. We combine spectroscopic constraints, presented in Paper I, with stellar interior modeling to estimate stellar masses, radii, and ages. Stellar radii are typically constrained to 11%, compared to 40% when only photometric constraints are used. Stellar masses are constrained to 4%, and ages are constrained to 30%. We verify the integrity of the stellar parameters through comparisons with asteroseismic studies and Gaia parallaxes. We also recompute planetary radii for 2025 planet candidates. Because knowledge of planetary radii is often limited by uncertainties in stellar size, we improve the uncertainties in planet radii from typically 42% to 12%. We also leverage improved knowledge of stellar effective temperature to recompute incident stellar fluxes for the planets, now precise to 21%, compared to a factor of two when derived from photometry.
The Mean Metal-line Absorption Spectrum of Damped Lyα Systems in BOSS
Authors: Mas-Ribas Lluís , Miralda-Escudé Jordi , Pérez-Ràfols Ignasi , Arinyo-i-Prats Andreu , Noterdaeme Pasquier , Petitjean Patrick , Schneider Donald P. , York Donald G. , Ge Jian 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We study the mean absorption spectrum of the Damped Lyα (DLA) population at z ∼ 2.6 by stacking normalized, rest-frame-shifted spectra of ∼27,000 DLA systems from the DR12 of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS)/SDSS-III. We measure the equivalent widths of 50 individual metal absorption lines in five intervals of DLA hydrogen column density, five intervals of DLA redshift, and overall mean equivalent widths for an additional 13 absorption features from groups of strongly blended lines. The mean equivalent width of low-ionization lines increases with N
H i
, whereas for high-ionization lines the increase is much weaker. The mean metal line equivalent widths decrease by a factor ∼1.1–1.5 from z ∼ 2.1 to z ∼ 3.5, with small or no differences between low- and high-ionization species. We develop a theoretical model, inspired by the presence of multiple absorption components observed in high-resolution spectra, to infer mean metal column densities from the equivalent widths of partially saturated metal lines. We apply this model to 14 low-ionization species and to Al iii, S iii, Si iii, C iv, Si iv, N v, and O vi. We use an approximate derivation for separating the equivalent width contributions of several lines to blended absorption features, and infer mean equivalent widths and column densities from lines of the additional species N i, Zn ii, C ii*, Fe iii, and S iv. Several of these mean column densities of metal lines in DLAs are obtained for the first time; their values generally agree with measurements of individual DLAs from high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra when they are available.
Ω-slow Solutions and Be Star Disks
Authors: Araya I. , Jones C. E. , Curé M. , Silaj J. , Cidale L. , Granada A. , Jiménez A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
As the disk formation mechanism(s) in Be stars is(are) as yet unknown, we investigate the role of rapidly rotating radiation-driven winds in this process. We implemented the effects of high stellar rotation on m-CAK models accounting for the shape of the star, the oblate finite disk correction factor, and gravity darkening. For a fast rotating star, we obtain a two-component wind model, i.e., a fast, thin wind in the polar latitudes and an Ω-slow, dense wind in the equatorial regions. We use the equatorial mass densities to explore Hα emission profiles for the following scenarios: (1) a spherically symmetric star, (2) an oblate star with constant temperature, and (3) an oblate star with gravity darkening. One result of this work is that we have developed a novel method for solving the gravity-darkened, oblate m-CAK equation of motion. Furthermore, from our modeling we find that (a) the oblate finite disk correction factor, for the scenario considering the gravity darkening, can vary by at least a factor of two between the equatorial and polar directions, influencing the velocity profile and mass-loss rate accordingly, (b) the Hα profiles predicted by our model are in agreement with those predicted by a standard power-law model for following values of the line-force parameters:

, and

, and (c) the contribution of the fast wind component to the Hα emission line profile is negligible; therefore, the line profiles arise mainly from the equatorial disks of Be stars.
Assessing the Nature of Collisions of Coronal Mass Ejections in the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Mishra Wageesh , Wang Yuming , Srivastava Nandita , Shen Chenglong 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
There have been several attempts in the past to understand the nature of the collision of individual cases of interacting coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We selected eight cases of interacting CMEs and estimated their propagation and expansion speeds, and direction of impact and masses, by exploiting coronagraphic and heliospheric imaging observations. Using these estimates while ignoring the errors therein, we find that the nature of collisions is perfectly inelastic for two cases (i.e., 2012 March and November), inelastic for two cases (i.e., 2012 June and 2011 August), elastic for one case (i.e., 2013 October), and super-elastic for three cases (i.e., 2011 February, 2010 May, and 2012 September). Including the large uncertainties in the estimated directions, angular widths, and pre-collision speeds, the probability of a perfectly inelastic collision for the 2012 March and November cases drops from 98% to 60% and 100% to 40%, respectively, increasing the probability for other types of collision. Similarly, the probability of an inelastic collision drops from 95% to 50% for the 2012 June case, 85% to 50% for the 2011 August case, and 75% to 15% for the 2013 October case. We note that the probability of a super-elastic collision for the 2011 February, 2010 May, and 2012 September CMEs drops from 90% to 75%, 60% to 45%, and 90% to 50%, respectively. Although the sample size is small, we find good dependence of the nature of collision on the CME parameters. The crucial pre-collision parameters of the CMEs responsible for increasing the probability of a super-elastic collision are, in descending order of priority, their lower approaching speed, expansion speed of the following CME higher than the preceding one, and a longer duration of the collision phase.
Quelle place pour la critique dans les théories critiques de la race ?
Authors: Bessone Magali 
Published: August 2017

La Critical Race Theory et la Critical Theory of “Race” sont deux courants recherche états-uniens distincts, quoique souvent regroupés sous le sigle CRT , apparus à la fin du XXe siècle. Ce n’est pas le même type de « critique » que mettent en oeuvre juristes d’un côté, chercheurs en philosophie et sciences sociales d’un autre côté, proposant une « théorie critique » de la race (ou du racisme). Dans les deux cas, s’agit de comprendre la race comme construction socio-juridique et socio-politique située loin de l’essentialisme dont la CRT est parfois accusée. Toutefois, l’acception constructiviste de la « race » permet la critique de l’égalitarisme colorblind , lequel, pour réaliser la justice sociale, il faudrait ne tenir aucun compte des distinctions raciales. L’analyse de ces mouvements fait ainsi apparaître que la généalogie la question raciale est au coeur de leur ambition critique.
Chytrid Infection Dynamics in Cricket Frogs on Military and Public Lands in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Crawford John A. , Phillips Christopher A. , Peterman William E. , MacAllister Irene E. , Wesslund Neil A. , Kuhns Andrew R. , Dreslik Michael J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (hereafter, Bd) is a causal agent in amphibian decline and extinction events. Sampling for Bd in the Midwestern United States has largely been opportunistic and haphazard, so little information exists on the true occurrence and prevalence of the disease. We repeatedly tested Cricket Frogs Acris blanchardi or A. crepitans at 54 wetlands in 2009 and 15 wetlands in 2011 on both public and military lands to estimate Bd occurrence and prevalence rates between different land-use types, sampling seasons (spring, summer, autumn) and sampling years. We found Bd occurred in 100% of wetlands we sampled in 2009 and 2011, and overall prevalence was 22.7% in 2009 and 40.5% in 2011. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis prevalence in 2011 was significantly higher than in 2009 and was significantly higher during the spring season than in the summer or autumn. We also found Bd prevalence was not significantly different on military versus public-use sites and was most affected by the average 30-d maximum temperature prior to sampling. This study provides data on the occurrence and prevalence of Bd in the United States and fills an important gap in the Midwest, while also corroborating prior research findings of increased prevalence in the cooler spring season.
Insecticidal effects of pure and silver-doped copper oxide nanosheets on Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Atwa Atwa A. , Salah Numan A. , Khafagi Wedad E. , Al-Ghamdi Ahmed A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSpodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most destructive agricultural pests. We investigated the cumulative lethal effects of two nanostructure materials by feeding nanostructural form of copper oxide (CuO) or copper oxide doped with silver (CuO:Ag), nanosheets-treated diet to third and/or fifth instars of S. littoralis until pupation. Nanosheet concentrations were individually incorporated into 150 mL of artificial diet and offered as treated food. Both nanosheets had no immediate effect but caused cumulative larval mortality. At high concentrations and longer exposure times, nanosheet had a significant insecticidal effect against S. littoralis larvae. Nanosheets at 300 mg had the highest insect mortality effect, reaching 97.6% and 100% among CuO-treated third and fifth instars compared with 57.6% and 48.2% among the same instar treated with CuO:Ag. Treated larvae exhibited higher pupal mortality, and pupal and moth deformities compared with untreated larvae. There were more deformities among those fed CuO:Ag. Incorporation of nanosheets into the diet had a significant effect on the timing of larval development. Results showed that CuO was more influential than CuO:Ag at all concentrations and with similar exposure durations. Our results suggest that nanosheets may have important implications on the population dynamics of S. littoralis.
Ectopic Expression of Self-Antigen Drives Regulatory T Cell Development and Not Deletion of Autoimmune T Cells
Authors: Lee Thomas , Sprouse Maran L. , Banerjee Pinaki , Bettini Maria , Bettini Matthew L. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a T cell–mediated autoimmune disease that is characterized by Ag-specific targeting and destruction of insulin-producing β cells. Although multiple studies have characterized the pathogenic potential of β cell–specific T cells, we have limited mechanistic insight into self-reactive autoimmune T cell development and their escape from negative selection in the thymus. In this study, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of insulin epitope B:9–23 (InsB9–23) by thymic APCs is insufficient to induce deletion of high- or low-affinity InsB9–23–reactive CD4+ T cells; however, we observe an increase in the proportion and number of thymic and peripheral Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. In contrast, the MHC stable insulin mimetope (InsB9–23 R22E) efficiently deletes insulin-specific T cells and prevents escape of high-affinity thymocytes. Collectively, these results suggest that Ag dose and peptide–MHC complex stability can lead to multiple fates of insulin-reactive CD4+ T cell development and autoimmune disease outcome.
IL-2 Shapes the Survival and Plasticity of IL-17–Producing γδ T Cells
Authors: Corpuz Theresa M. , Vazquez-Lombardi Rodrigo , Luong Jason K. , Warren Joanna , Stolp Jessica , Christ Daniel , King Cecile , Brink Robert , Sprent Jonathan , Webster Kylie E. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
IL-17–producing γδ T (γδT-17) cells have proved to be an important early source of IL-17 in many inflammatory settings and are emerging as an important participant in protumor immune responses. Considering that their peripheral activation depends largely on innate signals rather than TCR ligation, it is important to understand what mechanisms exist to curb unwanted activation. Expression of the high-affinity IL-2R on γδT-17 cells prompted us to investigate a role for this cytokine. We found γδT-17 cells to be enriched, not depleted, in IL-2–deficient mice. The absence of IL-2 also resulted in higher IL-17 production and the emergence of IL-17+IFN-γ+ double producers. Furthermore, the addition of IL-2 to in vitro cultures of sorted γδT-17 cells was able to moderate IL-17 and affect differentiation into polyfunctional cytokine-producing cells. Interestingly, the Vγ6+ subset was more susceptible to the effects of IL-2 than Vγ4+ γδT-17 cells. We also found that unlike other γδ T cells, γδT-17 cells do not produce IL-2, but express Blimp-1, a known transcriptional repressor of IL-2. Although IL-2 was able to induce robust proliferation of γδT-17 cells, it did not sustain viability, negatively impacting their survival via downregulation of the IL-7R. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-2 can augment the γδT-17 response in favor of short-lived effectors with limited plasticity, particularly in the presence of IL-1β and IL-23. In this way, IL-2 may act to curtail the innate-like response of γδT-17 cells upon arrival of IL-2–producing adaptive immune cells at the site of inflammation.
Termination of the Activating NK Cell Immunological Synapse Is an Active and Regulated Process
Authors: Netter Petra , Anft Moritz , Watzl Carsten 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Cellular cytotoxicity is essential for the elimination of virus-infected and cancerous cells by NK cells. It requires a direct cellular contact through the establishment of an immunological synapse (IS) between the NK cell and the target cell. In this article, we show that not only the establishment of the IS, but also its maintenance is a highly regulated process. Ongoing receptor-proximal signaling events from activating NK cell receptors and actin dynamics were necessary to maintain a stable contact in an energy-dependent fashion, even after the IS was formed successfully. More importantly, the initiation of a contact to a new susceptible target cell resulted in accelerated detachment from an old target cell. We propose that the maintenance of an existing IS is a dynamic and regulated process to allow for effective serial killing of NK cells.
Indigenous plants used by the Otuo tribe of Owan East Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Idu MacDonald , Oghale Ovuakporie-Uvo , Sarah Ima-Osagie O. 
Published: August 2017

Background: Traditional medicine remains an integral part of the Otuo tribe in Owan East Local Government Area of Edo State.Aim: The study is aimed at documenting the ethnobotany of the Otuo tribe by evaluating the uses of plants found in the area, identifying the importance value (IV), fidelity level (FL) and principal taxonomic groups of the plants.Methods: Data were gathered following an oral interview of unlettered herbal practitioners. Literate men, women and young settlers in the community were cross-examined using a semi-structured questionnaire. Fifty respondents made up this study size. Data were collated to report botanical names, common and vernacular names of the species of plants surveyed. Information on the use, methods of preparation and plant part used was documented. The FL and IV were determined.Results: 101 plants belonging to 46 families were reported. The best-represented family was the Fabaceae with 11 species followed by the Euphorbiaceae with 6 species. Of the 101 plants, 80 plants have medicinal uses and 58 have other economic uses. Amongst the medicinal plants, Azadirachta indica had the highest FL and IV of 100 and 1.0, respectively, followed by Cymbopogon citratus with FL of 96; both plants are used to treat malaria. The major ailments treated with plants by the Otuo tribe include malaria, cataracts, rheumatism and dysentery, amongst others.Conclusion: The people of Otuo are rich in plant-based remedies. They devotedly practise local medicine use because it is cost-effective and efficient, thereby contributing greatly to the economic development of the area.
Passies, sprekend tot en met de verbeelding
Authors: Vandenbussche Hanna 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Passions unchained and the power of the imagination. Descartes on vanity, love and joy

Most seventeenth-century moralists and philosophers, such as Pascal and Malebranche, commonly describe the passions and the imagination as symptoms of the corruption of human nature. Descartes is not an easy fit in this general framework, especially since most studies of his account of the passions read him rather univocally as committed only to a scientific investigation of certain phenomena that properly belong to the soul but do originate in bodily movements. In this paper, it will be argued that Descartes’ account of the passions is more complex. Namely, by suggesting, on the one hand, that the passions are all good in themselves and, on the other hand, that the passion of generosity is the highest human virtue, Descartes seems at a remarkable distance from many of his contemporaries. Yet, Descartes equally warns against the potentially dangerous effects of the passions, particularly when the passions and the faculty of imagination collaborate closely. The representation of the object of a passion is often illegitimately and excessively esteemed by the imagination. This inclines the human soul to assume the images represented by a passion as real and then willingly attributes a disproportionate significance to these. As such, the human soul is necessarily at the mercy of error and deception. This nuanced appreciation of the passions will be illustrated in reference to the passions of vanity (‘orgueil’), joy (‘joie’) and love (‘amour’), which are the three fundamental passions that determine the relationship of the soul to itself and the external world. If the representations of these passions are exposed to the influence of the imagination, they potentially turn into the source of all human errors and immorality. Descartes also emphasizes, however, the positive use of the passions which is enabled by retaining the possibility of free will. What is more, the use of free will can even turn the most dangerous passions into virtues if the (imaginary) representation of their objects does not seduce the soul to (self-)deception.​
Gendered study progress in Flemish academic bachelor programmes
Authors: Consuegra Els , Cincinnato Sebastiano 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In Flanders (Belgium), less than half the students enrolling in university succeed. Previous research has linked this to students’ gender, socio-economic, migration, and socio-cultural background. However, most Flemish studies focus on study success in the first year of university. Additionally, the research investigates the effects of socio-demographic and educational background of students, but in an additive way without much attention to the intersections of different axes of diversity. In this exploratory study, we want to investigate the relationship between student gender and students’ representation and study progress in academic bachelor programmes and to what extent the gender effect is homogeneous or divergent for different subpopulations of students. We use data from the Flemish Database Higher Education. Findings indicate, firstly, that the humanities show less gender segregation and more social diversity in general than the fields of STEM (sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics) and medicine. Secondly, in general, men tend to take more time to complete the bachelor programme except for middle class students where women are more at risk for study delay.
e-Governance in Davao Region: An Assessment of City Government Websites
Authors: Lagura Glenne Berja 
Published: August 2017

The study evaluated the resources and services available in the official government websites of all the cities in Davao Region to determine the extent of its implementation of e-governance. In particular, the assessment was done to verify if the following contents were promoted in their websites: (a) citizen awareness and understanding of their community’s characteristics; (b) efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery; (c) transparency and accountability in operations and services; (d) awareness of policy making process and participation in decision making; (e) linkage and interaction between government and citizens and other groups; and (f) linkage between government and business. Moreover, the compliance of the city websites in posting the reports required by the Full Disclosure Policy (FDP) was also determined. Results were initially obtained through an assessment done by the researcher using the checklist adapted from the study of Siar (2007). Preliminary findings were triangulated and substantiated from the Focus Group Discussion (FDG) with thirty (30) information technology participants who scrutinized the available contents in each of the website using the same checklist. Frequency counts, means and percentages were utilized from the derived significant discussions. Findings showed that relatively low results were acquired by the city websites in Davao Region except for Davao and Tagum where most of the contents were promoted in the site. Moreover, the websites of both cities have advanced features and services which were not included in the checklist. As to the FDP compliance, findings revealed that except for Digos, all cities utilized their website to post the reports required under the FDP. The study concludes that while all cities have utilized their websites for e-governance, the quality of its contents show substandard adoption and underutilization. The study suggests that each city exploit the benefits offered by the websites as a medium in promoting innovative public service delivery.