bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JURISTS OF WAR AND PEACE: SIDDIK SAMİ ONAR (1898–1972) AND ALİ FUAD BAŞGİL (1893–1967) ON LAW AND PREROGATIVE IN TURKEY
Authors: Parslow Joakim 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe jurists who entered Turkish academia during the 1930s built the foundations of their discipline under a regime that became increasingly authoritarian as war drew closer. Like their peers in Italy and France, therefore, they had to produce coherent doctrines but also support the frequent use of exceptional emergency powers. How did they solve this contradiction? More importantly, what consequences did their solutions have for the use of emergency powers after the war? This article adopts a Deleuzian reading of two strategies with which Turkish jurists met that challenge, approaching their work not simply as theories about law but also as models for the role law should play in the articulation of public authority. Focusing on Ali Fuad Başgil and Sıddık Sami Onar, law professors at Istanbul University, I argue that although both professors supported the regime, only a situational doctrine of the kind Onar produced was capable of ensuring that jurists would have a place in the exercise of “exceptional” state powers after the 1950 transition to democracy.
Contextualizing Concepts: The Methodology of Comparative Political Theory
Authors: Little Adrian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOver the last twenty years, comparative political theory has emerged as a distinctive contribution to contemporary theoretical and methodological debate in making the case for greater engagement between “Western” and “non-Western” traditions. While comparative political theory includes multiple methodological approaches and numerous objectives, this article argues for an interpretive method that combines conceptual and contextual analysis to demonstrate both the malleability of concepts and the varying implications that these concepts can have for political action in particular settings. The contextualized comparison need not necessarily be between Western and non-Western cases. This article argues for a “contextualizing concepts” approach and exemplifies this through an analysis of three cases where the concept of reconciliation has been articulated as a means of transforming divided societies since the 1990s: South Africa, Northern Ireland, and Australia.
Involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation, stigma stress and recovery: a 2-year study
Authors: Xu Z. , Lay B. , Oexle N. , Drack T. , Bleiker M. , Lengler S. , Blank C. , Müller M. , Mayer B. , Rössler W. , Rüsch N. 
Published: January 2018

Aims.Compulsory admission can be experienced as devaluing and stigmatising by people with mental illness. Emotional reactions to involuntary hospitalisation and stigma-related stress may affect recovery, but longitudinal data are lacking. We, therefore, examined the impact of stigma-related emotional reactions and stigma stress on recovery over a 2-year period.Method.Shame and self-contempt as emotional reactions to involuntary hospitalisation, stigma stress, self-stigma and empowerment, as well as recovery were assessed among 186 individuals with serious mental illness and a history of recent involuntary hospitalisation.Results.More shame, self-contempt and stigma stress at baseline were correlated with increased self-stigma and reduced empowerment after 1 year. More stigma stress at baseline was associated with poor recovery after 2 years. In a longitudinal path analysis more stigma stress at baseline predicted poorer recovery after 2 years, mediated by decreased empowerment after 1 year, controlling for age, gender, symptoms and recovery at baseline.Conclusion.Stigma stress may have a lasting detrimental effect on recovery among people with mental illness and a history of involuntary hospitalisation. Anti-stigma interventions that reduce stigma stress and programs that enhance empowerment could improve recovery. Future research should test the effect of such interventions on recovery.
Lrig1 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene in malignant glioma
Authors: Mao Feng , Holmlund Camilla , Faraz Mahmood , Wang Wanzhong , Bergenheim Tommy , Kvarnbrink Samuel , Johansson Mikael , Henriksson Roger , Hedman Håkan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecently, a genome-wide association study showed that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) —rs11706832—in intron 2 of the human LRIG1 (Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1) gene is associated with susceptibility to glioma. However, the mechanism by which rs11706832 affects glioma risk remains unknown; additionally, it is unknown whether the expression levels of LRIG1 are a relevant determinant of gliomagenesis. Here, we investigated the role of Lrig1 in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced experimental glioma in mice by introducing mono-allelic and bi-allelic deletions of Lrig1 followed by inducing gliomagenesis via intracranial retroviral transduction of PDGFB in neural progenitor cells. Lrig1 was expressed in PDGFB-induced gliomas in wild-type mice as assessed using in situ hybridization. Intriguingly, Lrig1-heterozygous mice developed higher grade gliomas than did wild-type mice (grade IV vs. grade II/III, p = 0.002). Reciprocally, the ectopic expression of LRIG1 in the TB107 high-grade human glioma (glioblastoma, grade IV) cell line decreased the invasion of orthotopic tumors in immunocompromised mice in vivo and reduced cell migration in vitro. Concomitantly, the activity of the receptor tyrosine kinase MET was downregulated, which partially explained the reduction in cell migration. In summary, Lrig1 is a haploinsufficient suppressor of PDGFB-driven glioma, possibly in part via negative regulation of MET-driven cell migration and invasion. Thus, for the first time, changes in physiological Lrig1 expression have been linked to gliomagenesis, whereby the SNP rs11706832 may affect glioma risk by regulating LRIG1 expression.
Solar-panel and parasol strategies shape the proteorhodopsin distribution pattern in marine Flavobacteriia
Authors: Kumagai Yohei , Yoshizawa Susumu , Nakajima Yu , Watanabe Mai , Fukunaga Tsukasa , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Hayashi Tetsuya , Oshima Kenshiro , Hattori Masahira , Ikeuchi Masahiko , Kogure Kazuhiro , DeLong Edward F , Iwasaki Wataru 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Proteorhodopsin (PR) is a light-driven proton pump that is found in diverse bacteria and archaea species, and is widespread in marine microbial ecosystems. To date, many studies have suggested the advantage of PR for microorganisms in sunlit environments. The ecophysiological significance of PR is still not fully understood however, including the drivers of PR gene gain, retention, and loss in different marine microbial species. To explore this question we sequenced 21 marine Flavobacteriia genomes of polyphyletic origin, which encompassed both PR-possessing as well as PR-lacking strains. Here, we show that the possession or alternatively the lack of PR genes reflects one of two fundamental adaptive strategies in marine bacteria. Specifically, while PR-possessing bacteria utilize light energy (“solar-panel strategy”), PR-lacking bacteria exclusively possess UV-screening pigment synthesis genes to avoid UV damage and would adapt to microaerobic environment (“parasol strategy”), which also helps explain why PR-possessing bacteria have smaller genomes than those of PR-lacking bacteria. Collectively, our results highlight the different strategies of dealing with light, DNA repair, and oxygen availability that relate to the presence or absence of PR phototrophy.
Plant probiotic bacteria Bacillus and Paraburkholderia improve growth, yield and content of antioxidants in strawberry fruit
Authors: Rahman Mosaddiqur , Sabir Abdullah As , Mukta Julakha Akter , Khan Md. Mohibul Alam , Mohi-Ud-Din Mohammed , Miah Md. Giashuddin , Rahman Mahfuzur , Islam M. Tofazzal 
Published: January 2018

AbstractStrawberry is an excellent source of natural antioxidants with high capacity of scavenging free radicals. This study evaluated the effects of two plant probiotic bacteria,Bacillus amylolequefaciensBChi1 andParaburkholderia fungorumBRRh-4 on growth, fruit yield and antioxidant contents in strawberry fruits. Root dipping of seedlings (plug plants) followed by spray applications of both probiotic bacteria in the field on foliage significantly increased fruit yield (up to 48%) over non-treated control. Enhanced fruit yield likely to be linked with higher root and shoot growth, individual and total fruit weight/plant and production of phytohormone by the probiotic bacteria applied on plants. Interestingly, the fruits from plants inoculated with the isolates BChi1 and BRRh-4 had significantly higher contents of phenolics, carotenoids, flavonoids and anthocyanins over non-treated control. Total antioxidant activities were also significantly higher (p < 0.05) in fruits of strawberry plants treated with both probiotic bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of significant improvement of both yield and quality of strawberry fruits by the application of plant probiotic bacteria BChi1 and BRRh-4 in a field condition. Further study is needed to elucidate underlying mechanism of growth and quality improvement of strawberry fruits by probiotic bacteria.
Exosome-Mimetic Nanovesicles from Hepatocytes promote hepatocyte proliferation in vitro and liver regeneration in vivo
Authors: Wu Jun-Yi , Ji An-Lai , Wang Zhong-xia , Qiang Guang-Hui , Qu Zhen , Wu Jun-Hua , Jiang Chun-Ping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe liver has great regenerative capacity after functional mass loss caused by injury or disease. Many studies have shown that primary hepatocyte-derived exosomes, which can deliver biological information between cells, promote the regenerative process of the liver. However, the yield of exosomes is very limited. Recent studies have demonstrated that exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (NVs) can be prepared from cells with almost 100 times the production yield compared with exosomes. Thus, this study investigated the therapeutic capacity of exosome-mimetic NVs from primary hepatocytes in liver regeneration. Exosome-mimetic NVs were prepared by serial extrusions of cells through polycarbonate membranes, and the yield of these NVs was more than 100 times that of exosomes. The data indicated that the NVs could promote hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration by significantly enhancing the content of sphingosine kinase 2 in recipient cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that exosome-mimetic NVs from primary hepatocytes have been prepared, and these NVs have components similar to exosomes from primary hepatocytes and, in some respects, biofunctions similar to exosomes. Strategies inspired by this study may lead to substitution of exosomes with exosome-mimetic NVs for biofunctional purposes, including utilization in tissue repair and regeneration.
Quinacrine upregulates p21/p27 independent of p53 through autophagy-mediated downregulation of p62-Skp2 axis in ovarian cancer
Authors: Jung DeokBeom , Khurana Ashwani , Roy Debarshi , Kalogera Eleftheria , Bakkum-Gamez Jamie , Chien Jeremy , Shridhar Viji 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe have previously shown that the anti-malarial compound Quinacrine (QC) inhibits ovarian cancer (OC) growth by modulating autophagy. In the present study we extended these studies to identify the molecular pathways regulated by QC to promote apoptosis independent of p53 status in OC. QC exhibited strong anti-cancer properties in OC cell lines in contrast to other anti-malarial autophagy inhibiting drugs. QC treatment selectively upregulated cell cycle inhibitor p21, and downregulated F box protein Skp2 and p62/SQSTM1 expression independent of p53 status. Genetic downregulation of key autophagy protein ATG5 abolished QC-mediated effects on both cell cycle protein p21/Skp2 as well as autophagic cargo protein p62. Furthermore, genetic silencing of p62/SQSTM1 resulted in increased sensitivity to QC-mediated apoptosis, downregulated Skp2 mRNA and increased accumulation of p21 expression. Likewise, genetic knockdown of Skp2 resulted in the upregulation of p21 and p27 and increased sensitivity of OC cells to QC treatment. In contrast, transient overexpression of exogenous p62-HA plasmid rescued the QC-mediated Skp2 downregulation indicating the positive regulation of Skp2 by p62. Collectively, these data indicate that QC-mediated effects on cell cycle proteins p21/Skp2is autophagy-dependent and p53-independent in high grade serious OC cells.
Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on tibial dyschondroplasia incidence, tibial angiogenesis, performance and characteristics via HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in chickens
Authors: Mehmood Khalid , Zhang Hui , Li Kun , Wang Lei , Rehman Mujeeb Ur , Nabi Fazul , Iqbal Muhammad Kashif , Luo Houqiang , Shahzad Muhammad , Li Jiakui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTibial dyschodroplasia (TD) is a most common pathological condition in many avian species that is characterized by failure of growth plate (GP) modeling that leads to the persistence of avascular lesion in the GP. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is widely used to treat neurovascular disorders and pulmonary hypertension, but no report is available about promoting effect of TMP against TD. Therefore, a total of 210 broiler chicks were equally divided into three groups; Control, TD and TMP. During the experiment mortality rate, chicken performance indicators (daily weight, average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio), tibia bone indicators (weight, length, width of tibial and the size of GP) in addition to gene expression of HIF-1α and VEGF were examined. The results showed that TMP administration restore the GP width, increase growth performance, and mitigated the lameness in broiler chickens. The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF increased significantly in TD affected thiram induced chicks. Whereas, TMP treatment down-regulated HIF-1α and VEGF genes and proteins expressions. The present study demonstrates that the TMP plays an important role in angiogenesis during the impairment and recovery of GP in TD via regulation of the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in chickens.
Data-driven Modeling of Hemodynamics and its Role on Thrombus Size and Shape in Aortic Dissections
Authors: Yazdani Alireza , Li He , Bersi Matthew R. , Di Achille Paolo , Insley Joseph , Humphrey Jay D. , Karniadakis George Em 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAortic dissection is a pathology that manifests due to microstructural defects in the aortic wall. Blood enters the damaged wall through an intimal tear, thereby creating a so-called false lumen and exposing the blood to thrombogenic intramural constituents such as collagen. The natural history of this acute vascular injury thus depends, in part, on thrombus formation, maturation, and possible healing within the false lumen. A key question is: Why do some false lumens thrombose completely while others thrombose partially or little at all? An ability to predict the location and extent of thrombus in subjects with dissection could contribute significantly to clinical decision-making, including interventional design. We develop, for the first time, a data-driven particle-continuum model for thrombus formation in a murine model of aortic dissection. In the proposed model, we simulate a final-value problem in lieu of the original initial-value problem with significantly fewer particles that may grow in size upon activation, thus representing the local concentration of blood-borne species. Numerical results confirm that geometry and local hemodynamics play significant roles in the acute progression of thrombus. Despite geometrical differences between murine and human dissections, mouse models can provide considerable insight and have gained popularity owing to their reproducibility. Our results for three classes of geometrically different false lumens show that thrombus forms and extends to a greater extent in regions with lower bulk shear rates. Dense thrombi are less likely to form in high-shear zones and in the presence of strong vortices. The present data-driven study suggests that the proposed model is robust and can be employed to assess thrombus formation in human aortic dissections.
Influence of chromium hyperdoping on the electronic structure of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite: a first-principles insight
Authors: García Gregorio , Palacios Pablo , Menéndez-Proupin Eduardo , Montero-Alejo Ana L. , Conesa José C. , Wahnón Perla 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOrganic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites compounds are emerging as new materials with great potential for efficient solar cells. This paper explores the possibility of increasing their photovoltaic efficiency through sub-bandgap absorption by way of the in gap band (IGB) concept. Thus, we assess the formation of an in gap band as well as its effect on the absorption features of Organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI). For this task, we use density functional theory (DFT) as well as many-body perturbation methods along to spin-orbit coupling (SOC) to study structural, energetic and electronic properties of partially Cr-substituted MAPI perovskites (CH3NH3Pb1−xCrxI3). Our results reveal that Cr replacement does not lead to an important cell distortion, while the energetic of the substitution process evidences the possibility of obtaining Cr-substituted perovskite. The analysis of the electronic structure shows that Cr 3d-orbitals induce new electronic states in the host semiconductor bandgap, which fulfill the requirements to be considered as an IGB. Precise many-body perturbation methods in G0W0 approach provided an accurate description on the electronic structures as well as the position of the IGB. In short, Pb replacement by Cr could be useful for improved absorption features through new sub-bandgap transitions across the in gap band.
Cellular recovery from exposure to sub-optimal concentrations of AB toxins that inhibit protein synthesis
Authors: Cherubin Patrick , Quiñones Beatriz , Teter Ken 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRicin, Shiga toxin, exotoxin A, and diphtheria toxin are AB-type protein toxins that act within the host cytosol and kill the host cell through pathways involving the inhibition of protein synthesis. It is thought that a single molecule of cytosolic toxin is sufficient to kill the host cell. Intoxication is therefore viewed as an irreversible process. Using flow cytometry and a fluorescent reporter system to monitor protein synthesis, we show a single molecule of cytosolic toxin is not sufficient for complete inhibition of protein synthesis or cell death. Furthermore, cells can recover from intoxication: cells with a partial loss of protein synthesis will, upon removal of the toxin, increase the level of protein production and survive the toxin challenge. Thus, in contrast to the prevailing model, ongoing toxin delivery to the cytosol appears to be required for the death of cells exposed to sub-optimal toxin concentrations.
Differential responses of Miocene rodent metacommunities to global climatic changes were mediated by environmental context
Authors: Blanco Fernando , Gómez Cano Ana Rosa , Cantalapiedra Juan L. , Domingo M. Soledad , Domingo Laura , Menéndez Iris , Flynn Lawrence J. , Hernández Fernández Manuel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe study of how long-term changes affect metacommunities is a relevant topic, that involves the evaluation of connections among biological assemblages across different spatio-temporal scales, in order to fully understand links between global changes and macroevolutionary patterns. We applied multivariate statistical analyses and diversity tests using a large data matrix of rodent fossil sites in order to analyse long-term faunal changes. Late Miocene rodent faunas from southwestern Europe were classified into metacommunities, presumably sharing ecological affinities, which followed temporal and environmental non-random assembly and disassembly patterns. Metacommunity dynamics of these faunas were driven by environmental changes associated with temperature variability, but there was also some influence from the aridity shifts described for this region during the late Miocene. Additionally, while variations in the structure of rodent assemblages were directly influenced by global climatic changes in the southern province, the northern sites showed a pattern of climatic influence mediated by diversity-dependent processes.
Time- & Load-Dependence of Triboelectric Effect
Authors: Pan Shuaihang , Yin Nian , Zhang Zhinan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTime- and load-dependent friction behavior is considered as important for a long time, due to its time-evolution and force-driving characteristics. However, its electronic behavior, mainly considered in triboelectric effect, has almost never been given the full attention and analyses from the above point of view. In this paper, by experimenting with fcc-latticed aluminum and copper friction pairs, the mechanical and electronic behaviors of friction contacts are correlated by time and load analyses, and the behind physical understanding is provided. Most importantly, the difference of “response lag” in force and electricity is discussed, the extreme points of coefficient of friction with the increasing normal loads are observed and explained with the surface properties and dynamical behaviors (i.e. wear), and the micro and macro theories linking tribo-electricity to normal load and wear (i.e. the physical explanation between coupled electrical and mechanical phenomena) are successfully developed and tested.
Health literacy as a challenge for health education
Authors: Stars I. 
Published: January 2018

Scientific literature demonstrates a well-established correlation between education and health literacy; education and health outcomes; health literacy and health outcomes. Health literacy has a mediating role between education and health. Health literacy is known as a complex concept, it has multiple definitions, underlying meanings and conceptual models. Diversity of health literacy can be a challenging motivator for health education.
In-depth study of scientific literature was carried out to highlight the link between health literacy and health education and to emphasize health literacy challenges for health education.
Five health literacy challenges for health education were identified: 1) health literacy as an outcome related to health education interventions; 2) multi-layered health literacy or different levels of health literacy; 3) the concept of health literacy and its comprehensiveness; 4) shift from a passive to more interactive and empowering health education; 5) cultural context of health literacy and health education.
Enhanced health literacy definitions and conceptual models require more complex, comprehensive, socially oriented, culture sensitive, participatory health education.
DJ-1 deficiency impairs synaptic vesicle endocytosis and reavailability at nerve terminals
Authors: Kyung Jae Won , Kim Jin-Mo , Lee Wongyoung , Ha Tae-Young , Cha Seon-Heui , Chung Kyung-Hwun , Choi Dong-Joo , Jou Ilo , Song Woo Keun , Joe Eun-Hye , Kim Sung Hyun , Park Sang Myun 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Synaptic dysfunction is implicated as a major causative factor in neurodegenerative diseases. We focused on the role of DJ-1, a genetic factor for early-onset autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease, in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. DJ-1 was localized at nerve terminals. In the absence of DJ-1, synaptic vesicle endocytosis and reavailability were severely impaired with no alteration of the structural characteristics of nerve terminals, implying an important role in synaptic vesicle recycling. Intriguingly reexpression of several familial mutants (M26I, E64D, and L166P) of DJ-1 identified in Parkinson’s disease failed to restore synaptic vesicle recycling in DJ-1 KO neurons. Our data collectively indicate that DJ-1 participates in synaptic vesicle endocytosis, and pathogenic mutants of DJ-1 are potentially linked to the synaptic retrieval pathway.