bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTELECTUALMENTE “IMPUROS E MACULADOS”: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO EM ANTROPOLOGIA BIOLÓGICA NO DIÁLOGO COM OUTROS CAMPOS DA ANTROPOLOGIA
Authors: Santos Ricardo Ventura 
Published: June 2016

Este artigo foi elaborado a partir de aula magna proferida por ocasião da abertura do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia – PPGA/UFPA em 19 de agosto de 2010. Nesse texto o autor faz uma reflexão sobre a profundidade temporal da antropologia física/biológica no Brasil, inicialmente tecendo considerações sobre sua própria trajetória como pesquisador e professor e em um segundo momento examinando o desenvolvimento histórico da disciplina no Brasil. Argumenta que um foco na história pode enriquecer o diálogo entre a antropologia biológica e os demais campos da antropologia, em particular a antropologia social, com repercussões importantesno processo de formação de estudantes de pós-graduação. Umaperspectiva histórica pode ajudar a antropologia biológica a melhor compreender os desafios da prática contemporânea da disciplina. Palavras-chave: antropologia física, antropologia biológica, história da ciência.
MOBILIZAÇÃO SOCIAL, POLÍTICA E ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA NO "CASO DOS MENINOS EMASCULADOS DE ALTAMIRA"
Authors: Lacerda Paula 
Published: June 2016

Este trabalho deriva de uma investigação sobre justiça, infância e direitos humanos, elaborada a partir de um conjunto de crimes perpetrados ontra meninos de idades entre oito e 15 anos, moradores da idade de Altamira, Pará, entre os anos de 1989 e 1993. O caso ficou nternacionalmente conhecido como “caso dos meninos emasculados”. presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a relação entre olícia e o movimento social organizado na cidade após os crimes, estacando o processo de produção de discursos e contra-discursos, egociações e concessões, em detrimento dos antagonismos entre stas duas frentes de atuação junto aos crimes.Palavras-chave: Movimentos sociais, justiça, direitos humanos.
MÉDICOS EM BELÉM: TRAJETÓRIAS, PRESTÍGIO E PATRIMÔNIO DOCUMENTAL PARA UMA HISTÓRIA DA POPULAÇÃO E DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Cancela Cristina Donza , Ângelo Helder Bruno Palheta 
Published: June 2016

O texto discute a formação educacional dos médicos ao longo do século XIX, destacando a importância desta profissão na construção do capital simbólico, do prestígio e da renda na sociedade belenense; e, ainda, de que maneira a adoção de uma profissão liberal permitiu aos jovens dou­tores maior fluidez nas escolhas de sua alianças matrimoniais em fun­ção da maior independência em relação ao patrimônio familiar, uma vez que eles poderiam montar seu próprio portfolio a partir do exercício de suas profissões. Num segundo momento do texto, mostramos como os mapas e relatórios dos médicos sanitaristas constituem-se em um acervo documental importante para a construção da História da População e da Família em Belém, nos ajudando a compreender o perfil da população quanto ao gênero, a geração, a condição social, dentre outras possibili­dades que estas fontes nos abrem. Palavras-chave: história da família, medicina, Belém.
Um estudo da cartilha Víhikaxopovope Yúhoikopea Ûti Vemó’u: Identidade e discurso do povo Terena
Authors: GUERRA Vânia Maria Lescano' , SOUZA Claudete Cameschi de 
Published: June 2016

De uma perspectiva discursivo-desconstrutivista, com base nos estudos de Derrida e Foucault, temos por objetivo problematizar como a produção das identidades dos povos indígenas emerge na escritura de uma cartilha para falantes Terena, publicada em 1972 e usada, até hoje, como suporte prático no trabalho didático-pedagógico, especialmente por indígenas da região de Aquidauana e Miranda (MS). No exame do processo identitário instaurado nos textos da cartilha, analisamos as marcas linguísticas de exclusão presentes nessa escritura. Sustenta, ainda, nossa reflexão, sob a ótica da transdisciplinaridade (CORACINI, 2007), a ideia de transculturação como um processo capaz de gerar uma diversidade de elementos culturais híbridos, resultados da mescla conflituosa ou pacífica de duas ou mais culturas (MIGNOLO, 2003). Nesse contexto discursivo de poder histórico, globalizado, o discurso da cartilha contribui para as relações de saber/poder dos povos indígenas, impondo-lhes ";novas identidades";, como branco, forçando-os a uma construção identitária considerada fluida e múltipla. Palavras-Chave: Povos indígenas. Material didático. Identidades. Pluralidade cultural.
Preliminary Results of Non‐Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Vargas‐Villafuerte Kelly R. , Dantas Felipe T. , Messora Michel R. , Novaes Arthur B. , Grisi Márcio F. , Taba Mario , Souza Sérgio L. , Candido dos Reis Francisco J. , Carrara Hélio H.A. , Palioto Daniela B. 
Published: June 2016

Background: Although priority is often given to treat the cancer itself, focus should also be directed to prevention and improvement of oral complications that may occur as a result of cancer and/or its treatment. This study compares periodontal treatment results in healthy patients and patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy by monitoring clinical conditions and C‐reactive‐protein (CRP) levels.Methods: Thirty‐five participants were allocated to one of two groups: patients with periodontitis (P) (n = 18) and patients with breast cancer and periodontitis (CAN/P) (n = 17). The following clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and 45, 90, and 180 days after non‐surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT): 1) probing depth (PD); 2) clinical attachment level (CAL); 3) plaque index (PI); 4) gingival index (GI); 5) CRP; and 6) complete blood count. Clinical parameters and CRP levels were statistically analyzed.Results: P and CAN/P groups presented a statistically significant decrease in PD after NSPT at 45, 90, and 180 days compared with baseline (P <0.05). There was a CAL gain in the P group and a significant reduction in PI and GI at 45, 90, and 180 days for both groups (P <0.05). At 180 days after NSPT treatment, the CAN/P group showed a higher number of residual pockets (P <0.05) compared with the P group (46.48 ± 26.80 and 7.58 ± 7.40, respectively). The P group demonstrated a significant reduction in CRP levels at 45 and 180 days after NSPT compared with baseline (P <0.05), whereas this reduction was not observed in the CAN/P group.Conclusion: Patients with breast cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy responded to periodontal non‐surgical therapy, although with less favorable results than patients with periodontitis without cancer, and may require additional or adjunctive periodontal treatments.
Clinical Usefulness of Novel Immunochromatographic Detection Device for Porphyromonas gingivalis in Evaluating Effects of Scaling and Root Planing and Local Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Nakayama Yohei , Ogata Yorimasa , Hiromatsu Yuki , Imamura Kentaro , Suzuki Eiichi , Saito Atsushi , Shirakawa Satoshi , Nagano Takatoshi , Gomi Kazuhiro , Morozumi Toshiya , Watanabe Kaori , Akiishi Kazuhiro , Yoshie Hiromasa 
Published: June 2016

Background: The authors have previously reported development of a novel immunochromatographic device (DK13‐PG‐001) for specific detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). In this study, clinical usefulness of the detection device during periodontal therapy is presented.Methods: The multicenter study was conducted with 62 patients contributing 118 periodontitis sites with probing depth (PD) of 4 to 9 mm. Subgingival plaque samples were used for detection of Pg by DK13‐PG‐001 and the PCR‐invader method at: 1) baseline (BL); 2) reevaluation (RE; after scaling and root planing); and 3) final evaluation (FE; after local drug delivery system). Periodontal examinations were performed concurrently with the test for Pg detection. Plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers against Pg were also determined in patients using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: DK13‐PG‐001 score and number of Pg by the PCR‐invader method showed a strong correlation (r = 0.862) at three stages during periodontal therapy (n = 354). High sensitivity and specificity of DK13‐PG‐001, in comparison with the PCR‐invader method, were shown. A significant correlation was found among device score, number of Pg by the PCR‐invader method, and PD and clinical attachment level at BL and RE. Plasma IgG titers against Pg were significantly reduced at FE in comparison with BL. Weak but significant correlations between IgG titers and device scores were shown at BL and FE.Conclusion: Results suggest the DK13‐PG‐001 device is a useful tool for detection of Pg in dental offices and can aid clinical evaluation of the extent of periodontitis and therapeutic efficacy.
Estudio de factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en trabajadores universitarios españoles
Authors: Norte Navarro Aurora Isabel , Sansano Perea Miriam , Martínez Sanz José Miguel , Sospedra López Isabel , Hurtado Sánchez José Antonio , Ortiz Moncada Rocío 
Published: June 2016

Introducción y objetivos: las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son la principal causa de muerte mundial, por ello el objetivo de este estudio es analizar los factores de riesgo de ECV en los trabajadores de la Universidad de Alicante.Material y métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo. Muestra aleatoria (n = 124), 46,6% mujeres y 53,4% hombres, de edades entre 25-68 años. Recogida de datos mediante cuestionario online autocumplimentado. Variables: sociodemográficas, peso y talla autorreferidos, consumo de tabaco, actividad física, consumo diario de aceite de oliva, hortalizas-verduras, mantequilla-margarina-nata y consumo semanal de repostería comercial y frutos secos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo con el paquete estadístico SPSS 19.0.Resultados: el 12% de mujeres y el 10,5% de los hombres mayores de 44 años presentan obesidad; además, el 32% de mujeres y el 23,7% de los hombres no realizan actividad física. Consume aceite de oliva a diario el total de la muestra a estudio.Conclusión: los hábitos alimentarios de los estudiados se asemejan a los patrones dietéticos mediterráneos considerados saludables. Destacar el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de consumo de aceite de oliva y la realización de actividad física habitual como protectores de las ECV. El entorno laboral de la población estudiada favorece unos hábitos saludables.
Carta Editorial
Authors: Cravo Pedro Vitor Lemos , Dutra e Silva Sandro 
Published: June 2016

A primeira edição de 2016 da revista Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, está no ar com a notícia que a partir desse volume todos os artigos contarão com os registros no DOI (Digital Object Identifier). O Doi é uma ferramenta que associa os artigos existentes nas plataformas digitais a um endereço eletrônico. As edições de 2105 já foram incluídas e até o final deste mês as demais edições receberão o registro DOI.
La responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) de los pequeños distribuidores minoristas
Authors: Sanclemente-Téllez Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2016

Se analiza la aplicación de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) a los pequeños distribuidores minoristas de bienes de consumo en una ciudad de Colombia (Medellín). Partiendo de un trabajo empírico en la región mencionada se examinaron elementos que generan posicionamiento a estos comerciantes frente a la amenaza de los grandes distribuidores minoristas (comercio moderno de grandes superficies) incluyendo el constructo de la RSE y algunos de sus componentes que producen reputación a estas personas frente a dichos competidores.Se examina en la literatura la forma en que el concepto de la RSE se asocia a las pequeñas empresas, la relación de esta variable con la distribución minorista estudiando los principales resultados de la investigación desarrollada con tenderos de barrio (pequeños distribuidores minoristas) en Medellín durante el año 2011 en la que intervinieron igualmente clientes de estos comerciantes y algunos de sus proveedores (fabricantes, distribuidores mayoristas).Se expone igualmente la metodología cualitativa utilizada en la investigación basada en la teoría fundamentada (Grounded Theory) complementada con la Etnografía. La recolección de información fue realizada a través de grupos focales, observación no participante y entrevistas individuales en profundidad semiestructuradas. Finalmente se realiza una discusión acerca de los principales hallazgos lo mismo que sus conclusiones más relevantes.
Evolución de las características socioeconómicas de los pescadores de Ciénaga, Magdalena
Authors: Durán-Fernández Luis Gabriel , Giraldo-Ramírez May Andro , Núñez- Viana Álvaro José 
Published: June 2016

Esta investigación analiza la evolución socioeconómica de los pescadores artesanales del municipio de Ciénaga (Magdalena). La información fue recopilada mediante la realización de dos encuestas, una en el año 2011 (397) perteneciente a un proyecto interno de la Universidad del Magdalena y la otra en el periodo 2014 (199), que permitieron construir una base de datos con información social y económica de esta población objeto de estudio. Los resultados analizados demostraron que no hay grandes avances en la situación socioeconómica de los pescadores artesanales y su núcleo familiar, en el cual los diferentes módulos de las encuestas demostraron estancamientos y desmejora en los diversos niveles de educación alcanzados por los hijos y cónyuges de los encuestados, además un deterioro en la forma de eliminación de desechos porque existe un aumento en la cantidades de hogares que afirmaron que la queman o la vierten en el rio y la ciénaga.
Antimutagenic effects of compounds obtained from Eclipta alba linn. against strains of Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Nagarajan* Prabhu , Sundaramoorthy Vigneshwari Ramakrishnan , Innocent Danialas Joseph Pushpa 
Published: June 2016

In this experimental study, antimutagenic activity of compounds obtained from Eclipta alba Linn was screened by using Ames assay for detecting direct mutagenic activity and those requiring the metabolic activation. The crude compound extracted from Eclipta alba was considered as antimutagen and analyzed in this experiment. Two strains of Salmonella typhimurium, TA163 and TA96 were used to analyze the test. These two strains are confirmed as histidine requiring mutant strains. When the mutagen is added to the culture, the strain is mutated back, thereby loosing the histidine dependence for its growth. By this study, the crude compound of Eclipta alba prevents the strain to be mutated back to the non dependence for the genotyping of the Salmonella strains were performed by histidine requirement, rfa mutation analysis, UVrB mutation, R-factor analysis toxicity tests and antimutagenicity assay. The antimutagens obtained from the plant extract were determined for antimutagenic activity against direct acting mutagens and mutagen needing activation. For direct acting mutagens, NPD (N- nitro-o-phenyl diamine), MNNG (N- methyl-N-nitro-N-nitro soguanidine) and NaNa3 (sodium azide) with 1mg of the plant extract gives 98%, 95.2% and 90.7% inhibition the reverted colonies were observed whereas the mutagen needing activation 2-AAf (2-acetyl aminofluorine) gives 96.6% inhibition was observed. These above results indicated that the extract could inhibit the mutagenicity induced by direct acting mutagens as well as mutagens needing activation. Thus the extracts isolated from the test plant have possibility of antimutagenic activity of compound and further biochemicals extracted from the test plant will be analyzed.
Correlates of Medication Adherence in the TODAY Cohort of Youth With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Katz Lorraine Levitt , Anderson Barbara J. , McKay Siripoom V. , Izquierdo Roberto , Casey Terri L. , Higgins Laurie A. , Wauters Aimee , Hirst Kathryn , Nadeau Kristen J. ,   for the TODAY Study Group
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
To identify factors that predict medication adherence and to examine relationships among adherence, glycemic control, and indices of insulin action in TODAY (Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 699 youth 10–17 years old with recent-onset type 2 diabetes and ≥80% adherence to metformin therapy for ≥8 weeks during a run-in period were randomized to receive one of three treatments. Participants took two study pills twice daily. Adherence was calculated by pill count from blister packs returned at visits. High adherence was defined as taking ≥80% of medication; low adherence was defined as taking &lt;80% of medication. Depressive symptoms, insulin sensitivity (1/fasting insulin), insulinogenic index, and oral disposition index (oDI) were measured. Survival analysis examined the relationship between medication adherence and loss of glycemic control. Generalized linear mixed models analyzed trends in adherence over time.

RESULTS
In this low socioeconomic cohort, high and low adherence did not differ by sex, age, family income, parental education, or treatment group. Adherence declined over time (72% high adherence at 2 months, 56% adherence at 48 months, P &lt; 0.0001). A greater percentage of participants with low adherence had clinically significant depressive symptoms at baseline (18% vs. 12%, P = 0.0415). No adherence threshold predicted the loss of glycemic control. Longitudinally, participants with high adherence had significantly greater insulin sensitivity and oDI than those with low adherence.

CONCLUSIONS
In the cohort, the presence of baseline clinically significant depressive symptoms was associated with subsequent lower adherence. Medication adherence was positively associated with insulin sensitivity and oDI, but, because of disease progression, adherence did not predict long-term treatment success.
Influence of habitat type on the decay and disappearance of elkCervus canadensispellets in boreal forest of northwestern Canada
Authors: Jung Thomas S. , Kukka Piia M. 
Published: June 2016

Fecal pellet counts are often used to assess trends in ungulate population size and habitat use. However, various factors may influence the physical decay and disappearance of pellets, where disappearance may be a result of physical decay and other factors (e.g. trampling, scattering and concealment by vegetation). Knowing pellet decay and disappearance rates in different habitats is a prerequisite to acquiring reliable information from pellet counts. We examined elkCervus canadensispellet decay and disappearance of individual pellets and pellet groups in six habitats in the boreal forest of northwestern Canada. We monitored 120 pellet groups deposited in May 2008 at 4, 12, 16 and 28 month intervals (i.e. the end of each of three plant growing seasons) to assess differences in physical decay and disappearance. Pellet decay and disappearance varied among habitats. In moist habitats, pellets showed little sign of decay by the end of our study, likely due to a short plant growing season. In drier, open habitat types, pellet decay was more rapid, likely due to exposure to sun and wind. By the end of our study, the percent of pellets remaining varied from a 14–82% among the sampled habitats. Pellets in moist forest habitats had the lowest decay rates but the highest disappearance rates, whereas those in dry, grassland sites had the highest decay, but the lowest disappearance rates. Our study further demonstrates that ungulate pellet decay and disappearance may differ substantially among habitats, which has important implications for the design of ungulate monitoring programs that utilize pellet counts. We conclude by recommending that fecal accumulation rate (FAR) methods are likely more appropriate in our study area than fecal standing crop (FSC) methods for estimating elk density, because FAR methods are less prone to biases associated with differential pellet decay and disappearance among habitats.
Economic Ideology about the Environment. From Adam Smith to Bjørn Lomborg
Authors: Aage Hans 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
For more than a century, economic theory has largely neglected resources and the environment. This, along with faith in market incentives and rational price calculation, as well as extrapolation of recent historical experience, accounts for environmental optimism among economists. In his 2001 book, Bjørn Lomborg reiterates economic ideology in its extreme form and adds further arguments about long-term cost-benefit analysis, unlimited growth, and the motives of environmentalists. The author of the present article, however, recognizes all of seven techniques of ideological distortion (i.e. mixing knowledge with beliefs and preferences) in his argumentation. These include the suppression of relevant information, the repetition and conciliation of false statements and concepts, the application of non-relevant theory, and ungrounded suspicion as regards the motives of opponents. Today, economic ideology is at last gradually disappearing, and economics can hence give a substantial, if marginal, contribution to environmental science, notably as regards the study of markets and prices, incentives, and the effects of various policy instruments. In particular, the author points out similarities between certain problems of monetary and environmental policy.
Zimbabwe’s Chinhoyi Caves: 1845-1945
Authors: Kwashirai Vimbai C. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This study historicises environmental issues at the Chinhoyi Caves that are of contemporaneous resonance with the ecological crisis faced by the modern world. It deals with important themes like water-resource management, indigenous knowledge and its efficacy in the preservation of nature, colonialism and its environmental implications, forest use and deforestation, dislocation and displacement of indigenous people, and the interaction of the local with the global. The subject addressed here has global dimensions and is related to the ongoing debate on Western-indigenous and human-nature interactions. From about 1845 to 1890, the Leya and Kore Kore communities strategically established homesteads, pastures and hunting grounds in proximity of the Chinhoyi Caves, Chinhoyi District, northern Zimbabwe. They survived on the available natural resources: fertile and well-watered soils for the production of various food crops, particularly millet, pastures for livestock, as well as edible wildlife and spontaneously growing fruit and roots. As a strategic niche offering a source of water as well as protection from enemies, the Chinhoyi Caves played a role in political conflicts. The caves also had significant cultural and religious importance, as they served as a sacred religious centre for rainmaking ceremonies (mupwerera). Sacred forests around the caves (rambotemwa) could only be cut with political and religious sanction. Indigenous knowledge and practices of water-forest consumption and conservation were embedded in religion and taboo. These customs were changed from the 1890s under British colonialism. The caves came to international prominence in 1888, when hunters and travellers like Frederick Selous wrote about them. European settlers of Italian origin expropriated indigenous lands, displacing the Leya and Kore Kore onto dry and infertile areas. A wealthy Italian officer, Margherito Guidotti, sponsored the first agricultural group settlement scheme, involving ten Italian settler farmers. In 1900, the caves were gazetted as a national park. From a sacred site, the Chinhoyi Caves thus became a tourist destination.