bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract C28: Ligand-conjugated Biosynthesized Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for the Detection of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Obayemi John David , Hu Jingjie , Uzonwanne Vanessa O. , Odusanya Olushola S. , Malatesta Karen , Anuku Nicolas , Soboyejo Winston O. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This paper presents experimental results of the in vitro and in vivo studies combined with immunofluorescence staining that demonstrate the detection of triple negative breast cancer using conjugated biosynthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (BSPIONs). Insights on nanoparticles-cells interactions at a nanoscale that are guided by specificity and selectivity in the targeting of triple negative breast cancer cells (MDA MB 231 cells) are being explored using atomic force Microscope (AFM). This study also focuses on the use of ligand-conjugated BSPIONs as targeted contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at an in vitro and in vivo level. The ligands conjugated to BSPIONs are shown (revealed by confocal images via immunofluorescence staining) to have receptors that are overexpressed on the surfaces of triple negative breast cancer cells. The results suggest that conjugated BSPIONs can be used for rapid screening of potentials ligands for specific targeting of receptors that are over-expressed on the surfaces of breast cancer cells. The implication of this work are discussed for the design of robust ligand-conjugated BSPIONs with the appropriate nanoparticles-cells interaction as a contrast agent for enhancing MRI for the detection of triple negative breast cancer.
Citation Format: John David Obayemi, Jingjie Hu, Vanessa O. Uzonwanne, Olushola S. Odusanya, Karen Malatesta, Nicolas Anuku, Winston O. Soboyejo. Ligand-conjugated Biosynthesized Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for the Detection of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C28.
Abstract C46: [Advocate Abstract:] Hope for Lung Cancer
Authors: Gillespie Terry 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
I will list the statistics of lung cancer and the outcomes. I will list how far we have come as far as treatments and outcomes. I will demonstrate how HOPE is related to lung cancer.
Citation Format: Terry Gillespie. [Advocate Abstract:] Hope for Lung Cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C46.
Abstract C56: Formative research to develop a lifestyle application (app) for African American breast cancer survivors
Authors: Smith Selina A. , Whitehead Mary , Sheats Joyce S. , Fontenot Brittney , Mensah Ernest Alema , Ansa Benjamin E. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background: There is a proliferation of lifestyle-oriented mobile technologies; however, few have targeted users. Through intervention mapping, investigators and community partners completed Steps 1-3 (needs assessment, formulation of change objectives, and selection of theory-based methods) of a process to develop a mobile cancer prevention application (app) for cancer prevention. The aim of this qualitative study was to complete Step 4 (intervention development) by eliciting input from African American (AA) breast cancer survivors (BCSs) to guide app development.
Methods: Six focus group discussions (n=60) and three individual semi-structured interviews (n=36) were conducted with AA BCSs (40-72 years of age) to assess barriers and strategies for lifestyle change. All focus groups and interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed with NVivo qualitative data analysis software version 10, allowing categories, themes and patterns to emerge.
Results: Three categories and related themes emerged from the analysis: 1) perceptions about modifiable risk factors; 2) strategies related to adherence to cancer prevention guidelines; and 3) app components to address barriers to adherence. Participant perceptions, strategies, and recommended components guided development of the app.
Conclusions: For development of a mobile cancer prevention app, these findings will assist investigators in targeting features that are usable, acceptable, and accessible for AA BCSs.
Citation Format: Selina A. Smith, Mary Whitehead, Joyce S. Sheats, Brittney Fontenot, Ernest Alema Mensah, Benjamin E. Ansa. Formative research to develop a lifestyle application (app) for African American breast cancer survivors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C56.
Abstract C75: Community Factors, Socio-Demographics, and Colorectal Cancer Screening among Community-Dwelling Adults in Southeastern Virginia
Authors: Miller Carrie , Lafata Jennifer Elston 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
National colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates have increased in recent decades, however, those living in medically underserved areas may not have experienced comparable screening increases. We evaluated the association of community characteristics including designation as a health professional shortage area [yes vs. no] and percent living in a rural area with CRC screening [up-to-date vs. not up-to-date] among a community-dwelling sample of adults age eligible for screening (50-75 years). Data were from a cross-sectional, mailed survey sent to a random sample of 2,527 residents of southeastern Virginia in spring 2013. N=1567 eligible respondents returned the survey (62% response rate). Respondents were 28% African American and an average age of 62 years (sd=6.9). Seventy-one percent reported being up-to-date with CRC screening. A logistic regression was run to predict the probability of being up-to-date with CRC screening given the community factors, while controlling for race, education, and insurance status. Despite 68% living in a rural area and 40% living in a designated health professional shortage area, these variables were not statistically significant predictors of screening status in adjusted models. However, all other variables included in the model were statistically significant (p&lt;0.01). These results underscore the influence of race, education, and insurance status on CRC screening behaviors, independent of community level factors.
Citation Format: Carrie Miller, Jennifer Elston Lafata. Community Factors, Socio-Demographics, and Colorectal Cancer Screening among Community-Dwelling Adults in Southeastern Virginia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C75.
Abstract C91: Understanding practices, perceptions, and likelihood of recommending the HPV vaccine among doctors in rural eastern North Carolina
Authors: O'Rorke Shawna , torres Essie , Richman Alice 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine completion rates in the U.S. are low. Provider recommendation is the most important predictor of vaccine initiation and completion. We sought to understand current practices, perceptions, and likelihood of recommending HPV vaccines among doctors in rural eastern North Carolina.
Methods: We distributed a brief 12-item survey to 90 practicing physicians and residents across two community health clinics in eastern North Carolina in March 2015 (44% response rate). The survey asked questions about the likelihood of recommending vaccines to girls and boys of varying ages, comfort in STI discussions, and reasons for not recommending HPV vaccines.
Results: Doctors are significantly more likely (p&lt;0.0001) to recommend HPV vaccines to 9-11 year old girls as compared to boys the same age. No significant differences were found for other age groups. Close to half of doctors in our sample (45%) reported to be slightly comfortable, neutral, or not comfortable talking with adolescents about STIs. Doctors who reported being very comfortable in talking with adolescents about STIs were 3.9 times (p&lt;0.05; 1.029-14.996) more likely to recommend the vaccine to 9-11-year-old boys as compared to doctors who reported less comfort. No significant differences were found comfort in talking with adolescents about STIs for girls in the same age group.
Conclusion: Results provide a better understanding about specific practices and perceptions regarding HPV vaccines among doctors that may influence their recommendation practices. Our data suggests a need for provider training regarding HPV vaccine recommendation and patient-provider STI communication strategies.
Citation Format: Shawna O'Rorke, Essie torres, Alice Richman. Understanding practices, perceptions, and likelihood of recommending the HPV vaccine among doctors in rural eastern North Carolina. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C91.
Abstract IA03: Prostate Cancer Epidemiology in Black Men
Authors: Ragin Camille 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major global public health problem that disproportionately affects individuals of African ancestry, more than their white and Asian counterparts. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are higher in black US, Caribbean, African and other blacks compared to other racial groups. The aforementioned disparities may be attributed to differences in health cancer screening practices, access or quality of health care, or differences in time to treat following diagnosis. Globally, prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates also vary geographically. Higher incidence and mortality rates are observed in more developed regions compared to less developed regions of the world. This presentation will review the epidemiological trends in prostate cancer among men of African descent in Africa and the Caribbean, highlighting similarities and differences with US. Profiles of the insights from the African Caribbean Cancer Consortium and related efforts in AORTIC on differences in biology and disparities in prostate and other cancers in the African Diaspora will be provided.
Citation Format: Camille Ragin. Prostate Cancer Epidemiology in Black Men. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA03.
Abstract IA13: Multilevel studies for better understanding the Hispanic immigrant paradox across the cancer continuum
Authors: Gomez Scarlett Lin 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The “Hispanic paradox” refers to observed favorable health outcomes among U.S. Hispanics relative to non-Hispanic Whites, which is unexpected due to the generally lower socioeconomic status among Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Likewise, the “Hispanic immigrant paradox” refers to more favorable health outcomes among immigrant Hispanics relative to US-born Hispanics. These paradoxes have been observed for a number of cancer sites, across the cancer continuum, from incidence to mortality. This presentation will highlight evidence of the Hispanic and Hispanic immigrant paradox, specifically observed for breast, prostate, lung, and cervical cancer survival, and for breast cancer risk. By considering neighborhood context, specifically residence in an ethnic enclave, insights can be gleaned for whether the health advantage among Hispanic immigrants might be most attributable to individual's health behaviors and exposures, contextual-level influences like social and built environments or co-ethnic social networks and support, or a synergistic effect of these factors. Methodological considerations, such as differential loss to follow-up and survival bias, will be explored.
Citation Format: Scarlett Lin Gomez. Multilevel studies for better understanding the Hispanic immigrant paradox across the cancer continuum. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
Abstract IA15: Lung cancer genomics
Authors: Gadgeel Shirish M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. The primary reason for the high mortality rate is the advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Racial disparities in incidence and mortality have been observed in the United States, with higher rate among African-Americans, particularly males.
In recent years genetic alterations that bestow a proliferative and survival advantage, so called ‘driver' genetic alterations, have been identified in a subset of cancers including Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Molecular changes resulting from these genetic alterations can be targeted for therapeutic benefit and such targeted therapy has become standard of care for the management of NSCLC patients. These data have generated an interested in assessing and understanding lung cancer genomics. Several studies have been conducted and results of these studies have allowed the characterization of lung cancer into genomically distinct categories that may have implications for tumor biology and possibly for cancer therapeutics.
Racial and ethnic variations in the incidence of specific ‘driver' genetic alterations have been observed. Thus the incidence of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) mutation positive NSCLC is higher in Asian population compared to North American population. Such differences have not been observed for ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) gene rearrangement positive NSCLC. These observations have generated an interest in evaluating lung cancer genomics to explain the observed racial differences in both incidence and mortality. Ongoing efforts will attempt to define racial and ethnic differences, if any in lung cancer genomics and the implications of the same.
Citation Format: Shirish M. Gadgeel. Lung cancer genomics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA15.
Abstract IA16: Lung cancer, immunotherapy and health disparities
Authors: Adjei Alex A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of immune evasion by cancer cells. This has led to the development of a number of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer therapy. The first inhibitor to be approved was ipilumumab, a monoclonal antibody that works to activate the immune system by targeting CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4), also known as CD152 (cluster of differentiation 152), a protein receptor that downregulates the immune system. Ipilimumab inhibits CTLA4, which is important for dampening T cell responses at the priming phase in lymph nodes, and is approved for the therapy of malignant melanoma. The role of checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy has blossomed over the last couple of years with the advent of PD1/PDL1 inhibitors. These agents are currently approved for the therapy of NSCLC, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer hodgkins lymphoma and head and neck cancer.
The approved agents are nivolumab, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab. A number of other checkpoint inhibitors are in development. Lung cancer mortality is disproportionately high in minority populations. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are approved for the second line therapy of non-small cell lung cancer and combinations of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and CTLA4 inhibitors such as nivolumab/ipilimumab are being evaluated for small cell and non-small cell lung cancer.
As always, a number of clinical trials have been done with these agents, but these have included very few minority patients. The clinical effects and unique toxicities of these agents will be discussed, as will their cost. Implications of these new treatment modalities for minority and underserved populations with lung cancer will also be discussed.
Citation Format: Alex A. Adjei. Lung cancer, immunotherapy and health disparities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
Abstract IA21: Cancer and the LGBT community
Authors: Matthews Alicia K. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In response to the clear and persistent trends the elimination of cancer-related health disparities among racial/ethnic minorities has been a national public health priority. For the first time Healthy People 2020, the nation's roadmap for improving the health of Americans, also includes sexual minorities as population of priority. Although precise data on cancer rates among lesbians are lacking, evidence suggests that sexual minority status may contribute to excess risk for the development of certain types of cancers, including breast cancer, anal cancer, lung cancer and cancers associated with HIV/AIDS. The causes of these disparities are complex and likely influenced by the same factors that drive cancer disparity rates among African American and other underserved populations. These factors include poor continuity of care; socioeconomic factors, such as lack of adequate insurance coverage; medical mistrust; cultural and emotional factor; and providers' unintentional bias and inadequate cultural competency. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss risk factors for cancer disparities among LGBT individuals and to describe existing cancer risk reduction interventions targeted toward this community.
Citation Format: Alicia K. Matthews. Cancer and the LGBT community. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA21.
Abstract IA25: The Cancer Genome Atlas: a primer on 2.5 PB of high quality data
Authors: Zenklusen Jean C. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Although The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has produced an unprecedented amount of data molecularly characterizing thirty-two tumor types, the usability of the data has been restricted by download model. The Genomics Data Commons (GDC) is a new database for retrieval and query of all NCI genomic-level data, allowing the user to identify areas of interest and download the information on just those segments (BAM slicing). All the data contained in the GDC will be mapped to the genome (aligned) and variations on the sequence called in a uniform fashion. In future releases, the GDC will incorporate a variety of analytical tools, obviating the need to download the raw data in order to analyze it. However, the ethnic diversity represented in the data is sparce; a new initiative by the NCI will try to bridge that deficiency by targeting accrual of minorities (as well as early onset cases) in five different tumor types.
Citation Format: Jean C. Zenklusen. The Cancer Genome Atlas: a primer on 2.5 PB of high quality data. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA25.
Abstract IA28: Colorectal cancer screening and diagnostic services for urban and rural safety-net-settings
Authors: James Aimee S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality and a relatively common cancer diagnosis in the United States. CRC screening is effective and cost-effective for reducing mortality. Screening rates for CRC, while increasing, are lower than for many other cancer screening tests. There is a clear benefit to early detection. Early stage CRC is often treatable, with five year survival rates over 90%. Later stage CRCs are associated with poorer outcomes. Furthermore, CRC Screening is notable in its ability to prevent cancers through the detection and removal of pre-cancerous polyps. There are several USPSTF-recommended options for screening.
Cancer health disparities are evident in CRC. Under- or un-insured and lower income adults generally have lower rates of screening, later stage at diagnosis, and poorer survival outcomes. Many of these adults seek care in the healthcare “safety-net”, including federally qualified health centers. Such settings themselves are often under-resourced.
Methods:
Our team has studied CRC screening from multiple perspectives in the safety-net setting across several studies. Most recently, we conducted a cluster randomized trial to promote CRC screening across several rural and urban health centers. The trial applied principles of community-based participatory research and intervened at the patient and provider/clinic levels. Implementation outcomes were monitored and recorded.
Findings:
Implementation of screening and screening programs in safety-net settings face unique challenges and researchers need to be aware of the context in which these patients are seeking and receiving their healthcare. Given the high cost of diagnostic follow-up for positive FOBT/.FIT, and the costs of colonoscopy even for screening, many safety-net patients face barriers to screening and follow-up.
This talk will explore the cross-section of health disparities research and implementation and dissemination research, highlighting data from community-engaged research and community-clinical-academic partnership in the Program for the Elimination of Cancer Disparities, an NCI-funded community networks program center.
Citation Format: Aimee S. James. Colorectal cancer screening and diagnostic services for urban and rural safety-net-settings. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA28.