bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Health Education Programme on Adherence to Treatment in Knee Osteoarthritis: An Interventional Study on Egyptian Patients
Authors: Ebaid Amany M. , Mortada Mohamed A. , Abd‐Ghani Fadya A. , Ali Somaya A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo measure the level of adherence of patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA) to an interventional therapeutic and rehabilitation programme and investigate factors that hinder patients' adherence.MethodsA total of 154 participants with primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA) were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention protocol included patient education on the nature and treatment of KOA, therapeutic exercise, a weight loss programme for overweight patients, and a physical therapy programme. Participants were followed for 3 months. The Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS‐p), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and knee Kellgren‐Lawrence OA grading were measured before and after the intervention. Additionally, the Morisky adherence questionnaire and the WHO Multidimensional Framework for factors affecting adherence were assessed.ResultsOne fifty four participants with KOA were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups. A low level of adherence was detected in both groups (68.8% in the intervention group vs. 84.4% in the control group). Patients who followed the interventional programme were more adherent. Adherence to therapy was associated with a reduction in the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS‐p) (p = 0.016) and improved function as measured by WOMAC (p = 0.018). Factors primarily associated with patient non‐adherence included unemployment (67.8%), low income (59.3%), no previous response to therapy (58.5%), less frequent follow‐up visits (55.1%), lack of insurance (66.9%), difficult access to services (59.3%), and high cost of services (55.1%).ConclusionAdherence to treatment in OA patients is a significant concern and a common problem, appearing to be associated more with socioeconomic factors than with pain and function.
Efficacy of Green and Chemically Synthesized Nano Boron Nitride on Sunflower Germination
Authors: N. Pruthviraj , K. N. Geetha , Kumar G. N. Anil , D. L. Shruthi , A. G. Shankar , S. S. Prakash , Sridhara Shankarappa , Raghu Anjanapura V. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores the eco‐friendly synthesis of nanoparticles using natural sources, specifically employing Cassia fistula leaf extract for the production of boron nitride nanoparticles. Characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was performed using Raman spectroscopy and UV‐visible spectroscopy to identify functional groups. Ab initio studies were conducted to investigate the electronic properties of the boron nitride nanostructures. The structural analysis through powder x‐ray diffraction confirmed a hexagonal configuration of the nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed particle sizes below 100 nm. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that sunflower seeds treated with 1500 ppm of green‐synthesized nano boron nitride achieved the highest germination rate of 98.2%, surpassing other concentrations and chemically synthesized nanoparticles, which reached 93.9% at 2000 ppm. The control treatment yielded a germination rate of 76.2%. The eco‐friendly synthesized nanoparticles exhibited superior efficacy compared to both chemically synthesized nanoparticles and conventional fertilizers.
Agreement between the EWGSOP2 and SDOC consensuses for sarcopenia in patients receiving hemodialysis: Findings of a cross sectional analysis from the SARC‐HD study
Authors: Duarte Marvery P. , Nóbrega Otávio T. , Baião Victor M. , Vieira Fábio A. , Monteiro Jacqueline S. , Pereira Marina S. , Pires Luis F. , Queiroz Gabrielle G. , Silva Mauro J. , Silva Maryanne Z. C. , Costa Fabiana L. , Disessa Henrique S. , Rosa Clara C. , Monteiro Henrique L. , Mondini Dario R. , Medina Luiz R. , Nishimaru Flávio I. , Rosa Maria G. , Uchida Marco C. , Krug Rodrigo R. , Moreira Paulo R. , Sant'Helena Bruna M. , Bundchen Daiana C. , Molin Christine D. , Polo Laura , Bohlke Maristela , Mendes Caroline S. , Almeida Antônia S. , Adamoli Angélica N. , Colling Catiussa , Lima Ricardo M. , Inda‐Filho Antônio J. , Ferreira Aparecido P. , Avesani Carla M. , Vogt Barbara P. , Reboredo Maycon M. , Ribeiro Heitor S. ,   The SARC‐HD Study Group
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundDifferences in definitions and operational diagnoses for sarcopenia create difficulties in understanding the epidemiology of the disease. We examined the prevalences of sarcopenia using the revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) and the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) consensuses and analyzed their level of agreement in patients receiving hemodialysis.MethodsData from the SARCopenia trajectories and associations with clinical outcomes in patients receiving hemodialysis (SARC‐HD) multicenter study in Brazil were analyzed. Muscle strength was assessed using handgrip strength, muscle mass by calf circumference, and physical performance by the 4‐m gait speed test. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to both the EWGSOP2 (low muscle strength plus low muscle mass) and the SDOC (low muscle strength plus low physical performance). The Cohen kappa statistic was used to determine the level of agreement between the consensuses.Results838 patients (57.8 ± 15.0 years; 61% men) from 19 dialysis units were included. We found similar prevalences of sarcopenia between the consensuses (EWGSOP2, n = 128, 15.3%; SDOC, n = 105, 12.5%) but with weak agreement (50 of 233 patients, 21.5%; κ = 0.34, 95% CI 0.25–0.43). Agreement was also weak within age categories (≥60 years, κ = 0.34; <60 years, κ = 0.15; both P < 0.001). Of the 51 patients diagnosed by the EWGSOP2 criterion as having severe sarcopenia, all but 1 (98.0%) met the SDOC criterion for sarcopenia (κ = 0.61, 95% CI 0.52–0.70). Low muscle strength was more frequently diagnosed using the SDOC than with the EWGSOP2 (52.3% vs 25.9%).ConclusionWe found a weak agreement between the EWGSOP2 and SDOC consensuses for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients receiving hemodialysis. Although still weak, agreement was marginally better for older patients. These findings highlight the importance of a global and standardized conceptual diagnosis of sarcopenia.
Pediatric Tracheostomy Education Program Structures, Barriers, and Support: A Nationwide Survey of Children's Hospitals
Authors: Acorda Darlene E. , Van Orne Julie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveSafe discharge for children with tracheostomies requires caregivers to be competent in tracheostomy management, including emergency interventions. Inpatient pediatric units are tasked with preparing families for discharge, yet variations exist in the standards of tracheostomy education across institutions. To address this gap, we aimed to describe the inpatient tracheostomy education programs in children's hospitals across the United States.Study DesignThis is a cross‐sectional study conducted between May and July 2022.SettingWe distributed an online survey to a purposeful sample of representatives from participating children's hospitals.MethodsThe 42‐item survey evaluated various aspects of tracheostomy education, including teaching strategies, timing of education, operational support, and overall program structure. Descriptive statistics were generated, and researchers reviewed open‐ended items to identify themes.ResultsThirty‐seven institutions participated, 26 of which were free‐standing children's hospitals. All programs surveyed conducted bedside checkoffs, required a rooming‐in period, and provided tracheostomy cardiopulmonary resuscitation and low‐fidelity simulation for emergency teaching. Programs varied in the order of education and the type of support received. Many programs lacked a postdischarge follow‐up structure and the majority evaluated program effectiveness with readmission rates. Lack of private‐duty nursing was the primary barrier to discharge, followed by family availability and reluctance to participate in education.ConclusionThe program structure and support variations suggest that more investigation is needed in discharge education and postdischarge follow‐up for children with tracheostomies. A national guideline for tracheostomy education and identification of standardized quality metrics for program evaluation would benefit current and emerging programs.
Diagnosis and Management of Retrograde Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Malhotra Raj , Khan Hamza , Zaransky Sydney , Celidonio Joseph , Yan Kenneth , Kaye Rachel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveRetrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction (R‐CPD) is a syndrome with rapidly increasing awareness since being first described in March 2019. As such, few cases of R‐CPD are currently reported in the literature. The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive systematic review of the available literature on R‐CPD, including patient characteristics, diagnosis, and management.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, EMBASE.Review MethodsA systematic review of the available English literature was conducted using the data sources PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE. Studies with original data of patients experiencing classic symptoms of R‐CPD were included. Independent abstract screening followed by full‐text screening was performed to assess study eligibility. Data extraction of patient demographics, symptoms, treatment, and follow‐up were subsequently performed.ResultsCommon presentations of R‐CPD include abelchia (100%), abdominal bloating (83%), and gurgling noises (75%). 554 (86.9%) patients had improved symptoms after initial treatment with BTX. The most common initial dose was 50 units in 204 (37.3%) patients. Subsequent BTX injections resolved symptoms in 40 (80%) patients. Six patients ultimately received CP myotomy for recurrent symptoms, resulting in long‐term resolution in 4 (67%) patients.ConclusionR‐CPD is a newly recognized syndrome with effective treatment options including botulinum toxin injections and cricopharyngeal myotomy, where appropriate. Diagnostic modalities including esophageal manometry may aid in the initial work up of R‐CPD, however further studies are required to assess its diagnostic utility.
Investigation of the impact of transient pressure gradients on turbulent channel flow dynamics
Authors: Polasanapalli Sai Ravi Gupta , Klein Marten , Schmidt Heiko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe effect of transient pressure gradients, or transient pumping in turbulent channel flow configuration, is investigated. Employing a cost‐efficient reduced‐order stochastic method known as one‐dimensional turbulence (ODT) modeling, simulations explore different signal shapes for the modulation of the prescribed pressure gradient forcing, including sinusoidal modulation, step‐like modulation, and piecewise sinusoidal beating. Various cycle periods and active pumping times are investigated. The simulations are conducted at a frictional Reynolds number of and a molecular Prandtl number of . The study adopts a passive scalar formulation to investigate heat transfer properties. The study quantifies the effects of transient pressure gradients on heat transfer rate, drag, and pumping power. Preliminary ODT predictions suggest that all transient cases exhibit lower heat transfer rates and a higher pumping power requirement than the constant pressure gradient case, with the step‐like modulation yields superior skin‐friction drag and heat transfer rate reductions relative to other signals.
Effect of fiber orientation of adjacent plies on the mode I delamination fracture of carbon fiber reinforced polymer multidirectional laminates
Authors: Liu Zhe , Li Peifeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe extensive use of multidirectional composite laminates requires to understand the delamination behavior at interfaces between plies with different fiber orientations. In this study, double cantilever beam testing was performed to investigate the mode I interlaminar fracture of carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates with different central interfaces (0//0, 0//+45 and +45//−45). X‐ray microtomography revealed the curved crack front shape that was incorporated to calculate fracture toughness. The fracture toughness varies with the crack length in a typical delamination resistance curve, which can be quantified by an empirical equation. Incorporation of variable fracture toughness into a cohesive zone model can better predict the delamination fracture of the laminate, compared to constant toughness. It was found that the delamination mechanism is independent of central interfaces. However, compared to unidirectional laminates, multidirectional laminates are less resistant to crack initiation, but more resistant to propagation with higher toughness and shorter fiber bridging zone.Highlights
Mode I interlaminar fracture of CFRP laminates with different central interfaces was investigated experimentally and numerically.
Curved crack front shape was incorporated to calculate fracture toughness.
Incorporation of variable fracture toughness into a cohesive zone model can better predict the delamination fracture of the laminate.
Multidirectional laminates are less resistant to crack initiation but more resistant to propagation with higher toughness and shorter fiber bridging zone.
Unveiling the Potential Bioactive Peptides Derived From Goat Casein Hydrolysates Based on In Silico Analyses
Authors: Bi Xinjian , Gao Yu , Wen Shiyu , Chen Ziyi , Wu Tong , Wang Jiaqi , Hou Yanmei , Peng Xiaoyu , Li Wei , Pan Lina , Wen Li 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBioactive peptides (BAPs) have attracted considerable interest in scientific research due to their heterogeneity in sequence and structure, which underpins various biological functionalities. In this context, goat casein, an abundant by‐product of the dairy industry, emerges as a valuable source of BAPs. The present study undertook a meticulous evaluation of the bioactive potentials of goat casein‐derived peptides through an integrated approach combining computational simulations, high‐throughput screening, and molecular docking techniques. The initial phase involved the enzymatic digestion of goat milk casein using trypsin, followed by the identification of peptides via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), uncovering a total of 597 peptides. Subsequent prioritization using the PeptideRanker algorithm identified 70 peptides exhibiting potential bioactivity, as denoted by scores above 0.8. Advanced screening employing the BIOPEP database and the AutoDock and CAMPR4 tools facilitated the elucidation of 16 antioxidant, 59 hypotensive, 63 hypoglycemic, 70 hypolipidemic, and 25 antimicrobial peptides. Molecular docking studies further elucidated the spontaneous nature of the interactions between the peptides and their respective receptors, predominantly mediated by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Four peptides specifying all activities simultaneously were synthesized, and their activities were verified by in vitro experiments. These results not only highlight an effective strategy for the high‐throughput screening of goat casein‐derived peptides but also underscore the potential of utilizing casein as a viable source of functional food ingredients. This study thereby contributes significantly to the expanding field of functional food research, suggesting a sustainable approach to explore the potential of dairy by‐products.
Metabolomics of related C3 and C4 Flaveria species indicate differences in the operation of photorespiration under fluctuating light
Authors: Fu Xinyu , Schlüter Urte , Smith Kaila , Weber Andreas P. M. , Walker Berkley J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractC3 photosynthesis can be complemented with a C4 carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) to minimize photorespiratory losses. C4 photosynthesis is often more efficient than C3 under steady‐state conditions. However, the C4 CCM depends on inter‐cellular metabolite concentration gradients, which must increase following increases in light intensity and could decrease rates of C4 photosynthesis under fluctuating light. Additionally, incomplete flux through photorespiration could prove beneficial to C4 assimilation during light induction of the CCM. Here, we compare metabolic profiles in the closely related C3 Flaveria robusta and C4 Flaveria bidentis during a light transient from low to high light to determine if these non‐steady state accumulation patterns provide insight to the induction of the metabolite gradients needed to drive C4 intermediate transport and if there is incomplete cycling of photorespiratory intermediates. In these C3 and C4 species, metabolite steady‐state pool sizes suggest that C4 transport acids maintain concentration gradients across the bundle sheath and mesophyll cell types under these light fluctuations. However, there was incomplete flux through photorespiration in the C4 F. bidentis, which could reduce photorespiratory CO2 loss via glycine decarboxylation and help maintain higher rates of assimilation during following induction periods.
“We Were Beaten Down”: Parents' Concerns about Children's Digital Media Use
Authors: Agosto Denise E. , Abbas June M. , Feng Yuanyuan , Salib Gabrielle , Cox Evelyn D. , Munyao Moses M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTParents' concerns about children's digital media use were investigated using data from semi‐structured interviews with 17 parents of children ages five to 11 at three branches of a U.S. urban public library system. Data were analyzed using collaborative inductive thematic analysis and analyzed with the lens of culturally‐constructed anxieties about new media. The most common concerns included worries about exposure to inappropriate content, worries about digital media taking up time that children would otherwise spend engaging in more meaningful activities, concerns about safety and privacy, and worries about negative effects on children's behaviors, attitudes, and social skills. Further analysis showed parents' deeper concern for children's healthy development to underlie these narrower concerns. The authors conclude with the recommendation to shift the framing of discourse around parenting with digital media from risk protection to digital media education. Such a shift could raise awareness that framing children and digital media only in terms of risks is overly simplistic, and it could help parents come to understand that children's digital media use is not just risky but also an opportunity for children to derive educational and social benefits, and learn how to operate in a digital media‐dominated information ecosystem.
With a Little Help from Our Friends: Applying a Critical Friends Orientation to Critical Literature Reviews
Authors: Allard Danielle , Oliphant Tami 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper describes how we developed and applied an exploratory critical friends orientation to a critical literature review that explores how feminist theories and approaches have been used in archival studies literature and reports on insights generated by this method. A critical friend is a trusted ally and critic who both values our ideas and can push them forward. Our “critical friends” critical literature review includes two parts; using traditional critical review methods we identify and synthesize how critical feminist approaches have been employed in archival studies literature. Atypically, and in part two, we also pay attention to those scholarly articles that discussed relevant or related concepts but were ultimately excluded from our final literature review corpus during the appraisal process. These peripheral articles act as critical friends to the research area under review. We describe how this approach identifies disciplinary boundaries and traditions and explores areas of overlap across intersecting and adjacent fields. A critical friends approach allows us to generously interpret and analyze the complex concepts of “feminisms” and “archives” across disciplinary fields in order to identify, learn from, and engage across fields that have much in common as well as fundamental differences.
Combating Misinformation on Social Media Using Social Noise and Social Entropy as a Measure of Uncertainty
Authors: Alsaid Manar , Parvathi Panguluri Siva , Hawamdeh Suliman 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRecent events around the world, including the war in Ukraine and the conflict in Gaza have highlighted the effective use of social media as a tool to voice concerns about social issues to create awareness. At the same time, social media has become a fertile ground for spreading misinformation, fake news, and conspiracy theories. Misinformation and conspiracy theories have existed since the existence of mankind. What is new today is the speed by which misinformation can be created, magnified and spread using social media. Efforts to regulate social media and control the widespread spread of misinformation are still lacking due to rapid advances in technology and concerns regarding free speech. One approach to minimizing the impact of misinformation is to focus on social noise as an important factor in magnifying and spreading misinformation. In this paper, we investigate methods of identifying and quantifying social noise using social entropy as a measure of uncertainty and topic modeling. Results from the study have shown a direct relationship between social noise and social entropy. The results have also shown that social noise and social entropy decrease with the use of URLs and rich content (sematic information). Further studies will include the use of machine learning and AI techniques to improve the definition of social news and social entropy.
Infrastructure Development and Donation Culture in the Gaza Strip
Authors: Centivany Alissa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTInfrastructure consists of interlinked and nested sociotechnical systems, the construction, maintenance, and repair of which requires considerable ongoing outlays of material resources, technical know‐how and throughput, and political will. Building upon “broken world” approaches, this research uses qualitative methods to study infrastructure development, breakdown, and repair through the lens of a particular collaborative humanitarian initiative involving the public health sector in the Gaza Strip. Findings from this research suggest that a lack of donation ethics combined with policies that privilege “service over stuff” enable and exacerbate key infrastructural breakdowns, perpetuate maladaptive behaviors, inhibit meaningful development, and reinforce dominant harmful regimes. The paper concludes by arguing for increased critical and ethical awareness of donation culture and its consequences, a reconsideration of development policies that limit funding support to services rather than material and infrastructure supports, and an emphasis on building local capacity for maintenance and repair work.