bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance are characterized by differential beta oscillatory signaling of the limbic cortico-basal ganglia loop
Authors: Maurer Lukas , Tang Hui , Haumesser Jens K. , Altschüler Jennifer , Kühn Andrea A. , Spranger Joachim , van Riesen Christoph 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe concept of brain circuit disorders has been proposed for a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases, characterized by pathological disturbances of neuronal networks including changes in oscillatory signaling of re-entrant cortico-subcortical loops in the basal ganglia system. Parts of this circuitry play a pivotal role in energy homeostasis. We therefore investigated whether high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity is associated with changes in oscillatory signaling in the limbic cortico-basal ganglia loop. We performed multi-site in-vivo electrophysiological recordings of local field potentials within this network under urethane anesthesia in adult rats after 4 weeks of HFD feeding compared to age-matched controls. Recordings were performed at baseline and during systemic glucose challenge. Our analysis demonstrates increased oscillatory beta power in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) associated with decreased beta coherence between cortex and NAC in animals fed a HFD. Spontaneous beta oscillatory power strongly correlated with endocrine markers of obesity. The glucose challenge increased beta oscillations in control animals but not in animals receiving the HFD. Furthermore direct intracerebroventricular insulin injection increased beta oscillations in the NAC. The present study provides evidence for aberrant oscillatory signaling in the limbic cortico-basal ganglia loop that might contribute to the dysfunctional information processing in obesity.
Nucleic acid aptamer application in diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer based on cell-SELEX technology
Authors: Chen Chan , Zhou Shan , Cai Yongqiang , Tang Faqing 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNucleic acid aptamers are a class of high-affinity nucleic acid ligands. They serve as “chemical antibodies” since their high affinity and specificity. Nucleic acid aptamers are generated from nucleic acid random-sequence using a systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technology. SELEX is a process of effectively selecting aptamers from different targets. A newly developed cell-based SELEX technique has been widely used in biomarker discovery, early diagnosis and targeted cancer therapy, particular at colorectal cancer (CRC). Combined with nanostructures, nano-aptamer-drug delivery system was constructed for drug delivery. Various nanostructures functionalized with aptamers are highly efficient and has been used in CRC therapeutic applications. In the present, we introduce a cell- SELEX technique, and summarize the potential application of aptamers as biomarkers in CRC diagnosis and therapy. And some characteristics of aptamer-targeted nanocarriers in CRC have been expatiated. The challenges and perspectives for cell-SELEX are also discussed.
Recent Progress on Radical Decarboxylative Alkylation for Csp3–C Bond Formation
Authors: Bao Hongli , Li Yajun , Ge Liang , Muhammad Munira 
Published: November 2017

Radical decarboxylation has emerged as an attractive method for the formation of C–C bonds starting from easily accessible carboxylic acids. In this review, we attempt to bring the readers up to date in this rapidly expanding field. Specifically, we will cover recent advances in Csp3–C bond formation via the radical decarboxylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids and their activated forms, such as N-hydroxyphthalimide esters (NHP esters), alkyl diacyl peroxides, alkyl peresters, and aryliodine(III) dicarboxylates. The scope and limitation of these transformations will be discussed, highlighting gaps in knowledge and research and examining the mechanisms underlying radical decarboxylation. We aim to make this review a stepping stone for further development in this field.1	Introduction2	Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids3	N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters (NHP Esters)4	Alkyl Diacyl Peroxides5	Alkyl Peresters6	Aryliodine(III) Dicarboxylates7	Conclusion
Evaluation of the Relation Between Omentin-1 and Vitamin D in Postmenopausal Women With or Without Osteoporosis
Authors: Dikker Okan , Bekpinar Seldag , Ozdemirler Gul , Uysal Mujdat , Vardar Muberra , Atar Sevgi , Usta Murat , Huner Berrin 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Introduction Crosstalk between bone and adipose tissues is implicated in several pathologic conditions related to bone metabolism. Omentin-1, a 34-kD protein, is released from omental adipose tissue. A few studies indicated the effect of omentin-1 on bone health and bone mineral density (BMD) and the interaction of omentin-1 with vitamin D. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between omentin-1, vitamin D, and BMD in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis compared with non-osteoporotic counterparts.
Materials and methods Forty postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (OP), 40 counterparts without OP, and 30 premenopausal women were enrolled. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry results, body mass index, and some demographic and biochemical data were recorded. Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Serum omentin-1 was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results Omentin-1 levels tended to increase in both postmenopausal women groups compared with the control group, but this increase was significant only in women with osteoporosis. Vitamin D levels were not different between the groups. When women were categorized according to vitamin D levels, women with normal vitamin D levels had significantly higher omentin-1 levels. A positive correlation was found between omentin-1 and vitamin D levels in all groups (r=0.197, p=0.041, n=110).
Conclusion The tendency to an increase in omentin-1 levels in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis may be due to a physiologic compensation against bone loss after menopause. The linear relationship between omentin-1 and vitamin D suggests that adipose tissue is one of the target tissues for the vitamin D effect.
Plasma Free Fatty Acids Metabolic Profile Among Uyghurs and Kazaks With or Without Type 2 Diabetes Based on GC-MS
Authors: Ma Xiao-li , Meng Lei , Li Lin-lin , Ma Li-na , Mao Xin-min 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFree fatty acids (FFAs) participate in a variety of physiological functions. FFAs are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Uyghurs and Kazaks have a different prevalence of T2DM, which cannot be explained by traditional risk factors. This study aimed to examine FFAs as potential biomarkers to distinguish between healthy and T2DM Uyghurs and Kazaks. This was a prospective study conducted at the Xianjiang Medical University from 01/2007 to 06/2010 in Uyghurs and Kazaks. The subjects were grouped as T2DM patients (Uyghurs: n=39; Kazaks, n=21) and controls (Uyghurs: n=35; Kazaks, n=40). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were used to study the FFA profiles between Uyghurs and Kazaks with T2DM. PLS-DA analysis showed that among Kazaks, T2DM patients had lower C22:6, C18:3 n-6, and C20:3 n-6, but higher C22:0 levels compared with controls. Among Uyghurs, the most important variables to discriminate T2DM patients from controls were higher C22:6 and C20:4 n-6, and lower C22:0, C14:1, C18:3 n6, and C20:3 n6. Kazaks and Uyghurs displayed different FFA profiles between patients with T2DM and controls. These results suggest different risk factors and pathogenesis of T2DM between Kazaks and Uyghurs.
Crossing between the Great Wall of China and the “Great” Trump Wall
Authors: Yang Mimi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCan a border wall really deter invaders and crossers alike, while defending, unifying, and maintaining the “purity” of the culture that it encircles? The first Chinese emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210 BC) and his successors in the following dynasties tried to achieve the purpose; the Great Wall of China testifies timelessly to such epic efforts. Have the Chinese rulers succeeded? The question has become increasingly daunting and unanswerable as history unfolds and evolves. Ironically, over more than two millennia, the piecemeal erection of the Great Wall has indeed sequenced a ‘wall-DNA’ in a cultural blueprint. Fast forwarding to the 21st century America, we find ourselves asking the same questions when President Trump vows to build a “great, great” wall, physical and impenetrable on the US-Mexico border. The Trump Wall is designed to stop Mexican illegal immigrants entering the US so that Americans’ interests will be protected, English language will not be “contaminated”, and American values will not be challenged. The Trump wall sets out to delineate what America is and thus attempts to “make America great again”. In an intercultural engagement, this article decodes a wall-DNA in American culture, argues that the Trump wll is more of a mental construct than a physical one, and calls for a redefinition of a 21st century American cultural identity, in front of the Trump Wall.
Linear synthesis of the Chol-1 ganglioside core tetrasaccharide and disialyl T antigen glycan using a 5-ureido-sialyl donor
Authors: Tanase Maiko , Imamura Akihiro , Ando Hiromune , Kiso Makoto , Ishida Hideharu 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Herein we describe the linear synthesis of a tetrasaccharyl sialoglycan found in both the Chol-1 ganglioside core and disialyl T antigen. The synthesis featured sialylation with a C5-ureido-modified sialyl donor followed by selective isolation of the desired α-sialoside via 1,5-lactamization. This methodology enables the linear synthesis of sialoglycans and provides practical access to biologically important carbohydrate molecules.
Beyond Bull: The Social Myth of International Society
Authors: Griffiths Martin 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The concept of a society of states has been at the core of a cold war, the late Hedley Bull argued that the organisation of international society constituted a middle way between the extremes of anarchy and global governance and was to be valued as such. A decade after his death and five years after the cold war, the contemporary resurgence of interest in the concept and its invocation amongst scholars concerned with novel problems of world order is taking place against the backround of dramatic processes of globalisation and fragmentation in world politics. This article argues that such processes raise grave doubts as to the analytic utility of the domestic/interstate distinction, and that Bull's approach to the problem of international order is hampered by his failure to transcend the false dichotomy between political theory and International Relations.
The function of social myth has always been to restrict the area in which practical reasoning can operate for human improvement, by representing the particular social arrangements of particular societies as part of the natural order of things. Practical reason becomes innovative in human affairs when it demands reasons for practices so represented (Stuart Hampshire 1990, 57)
Developing Small Business Networks in New Zealand
Authors: Goldfinch Shaun , Perry Martin 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
There is increasing interest in the role cooperative networks can play in small business development. Networking is an acknowledged characteristic of successful industrial districts and northeast Asian economies. However, in a number of countries public agencies and others have also attempted to promote small business networking. This paper examines a number of small business networking initiatives in New Zealand. Firstly, evidence from a survey of three network promoting small business associations based in three different cities is examined and a number of different ways the agencies could deliver their services are suggested. Secondly, two networking initiatives by the New Zealand Trade Development Board are considered. It is concluded that individual networking initiatives need to be developed and evaluated as part of a broad policy push to facilitate the development of an environment more conducive to small business cooperation.
The West Review: New Right Ideology for Universities
Authors: Hunt Ian 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
As a conservative John Gray deplores the impact of the New Right ideology adopted by the British Conservative Party on the ongoing culture of British society. While not sharing his belief that political action can only aspire to warding off evils, this paper explores the corrosive impact of New Right ideology on the ethos of the university sector in Australia. In essence, New Right ideology would have universities ape business manners, charging customers for its services and discarding university forms of employee self-management based on academic freedom and collegiate governance, so as to cut the cost of university expansion to a minimum and maximise its industry pay-offs. This paper argues that corporatized and market oriented universities will be unable to sustain access to all on the basis of ability, or sustain self-directed research and teaching, which are essential for a vibrant and creative university.
From Mates to Markets: Australian Sister City Type Relationships
Authors: O'Toole Kevin 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
There has been little research into sister-city type relationships (SCTRs) in Australia especially at the local government level. This paper begins to address the issue by discussing the framework within which SCTRs have operated. First the paper outlines the three main aspects of SCTRs; the associative, the reciprocative and the commercial. It argues that associative relationships are based upon notions of international friendship, cultural exchange and a general international awareness while reciprocative relationships involve the growth of an international educational exchange system. The newer commercial factor emphasises the importance of local economic development. Secondly, the paper discusses these three elements in the context of a survey conducted in 1999 of local governments involved in SCTRs in Australia. The paper concludes by arguing that the debate over the role of SCTRs in Australia has now begun to emerge as a real issue for local governments.
A Brief History of Commonwealth Sustainable Development Policy Discourse
Authors: Howes Michael 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This article argues that although the discourse of sustainable development initially had some potential to protect the environment, it has been systematically redefined at the national level to protect the power of business and the state Instead. The process involved the progressive restriction of public debate in consultation forums and a clever manipulation of language in successive policy documents. The paper begins with an exploration of the broader concept outlined in the 1987 Brundtland report. The Commonwealth's policy response is then tracked from Hawke's 1989 Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) statement, through the ESD Working Groups and National Strategy, to Local Agenda 21, the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Act 1999, and the Productivity Commission's report into ESD implementation.
Eliminating Welfare Dependency Not Poverty
Authors: Mendes Philip 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This article examines the ideological assumptions behind the Howard Government's welfare reform strategy. Critical attention is drawn to concepts such as welfare dependency and mutual obligation, which have ensured a focus on individual rather than structural solutions. In addition, the global context of welfare reform is explored with particular reference to the role of US welfare reform guru Lawrence Mead. Overall, both the policy process and content of welfare reform are identified as a means of legitimising pre-existing government neo-liberal agendas.
Equivariant maps into Anti-de Sitter space and the symplectic geometry of ℍ²×ℍ²
Authors: Bonsante Francesco , Seppi Andrea 
Published: November 2017

Given two Fuchsian representations

ρ
l

\rho _l

and

ρ
r

\rho _r

of the fundamental group of a closed oriented surface

S
S

of genus

≥
2

\geq 2

, we study the relation between Lagrangian submanifolds of

M
ρ

=
(

H

2

/

ρ
l

(

π
1

(
S
)
)
)
×
(

H

2

/

ρ
r

(

π
1

(
S
)
)
)

M_\rho =(\mathbb {H}^2/\rho _l(\pi _1(S)))\times (\mathbb {H}^2/\rho _r(\pi _1(S)))

and

ρ
\rho

-equivariant embeddings

σ
\sigma

of

S
~

\widetilde S

into Anti-de Sitter space, where

ρ
=
(

ρ
l

,

ρ
r

)

\rho =(\rho _l,\rho _r)

is the corresponding representation into

P
S
L

2

R

×

P
S
L

2

R

\mathrm {PSL}_2\mathbb R\times \mathrm {PSL}_2\mathbb R

. It is known that, if

σ
\sigma

is a maximal embedding, then its Gauss map takes values in the unique minimal Lagrangian submanifold

Λ

M
L

\Lambda _{\mathrm {ML}}

of

M
ρ

M_\rho

.

We show that, given any

ρ
\rho

-equivariant embedding

σ
\sigma

, its Gauss map gives a Lagrangian submanifold Hamiltonian isotopic to

Λ

M
L

\Lambda _{\mathrm {ML}}

. Conversely, any Lagrangian submanifold Hamiltonian isotopic to

Λ

M
L

\Lambda _{\mathrm {ML}}

is associated to some equivariant embedding into the future unit tangent bundle of the universal cover of Anti-de Sitter space.
Central and peripheral slow-pressor mechanisms contributing to Angiotensin II-salt hypertension in rats
Authors: Lu Jiao , Wang Hong-Wei , Ahmad Monir , Keshtkar-Jahromi Marzieh , Blaustein Mordecai P , Hamlyn John M , Leenen Frans H H 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsHigh salt intake markedly enhances hypertension induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). We explored central and peripheral slow-pressor mechanisms which may be activated by Ang II and salt.Methods and resultsIn protocol I, Wistar rats were infused subcutaneously with low-dose Ang II (150 ng/kg/min) and fed regular (0.4%) or high salt (2%) diet for 14 days. In protocol II, Ang II-high salt was combined with intracerebroventricular infusion of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockers (eplerenone, spironolactone), epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) blocker (benzamil), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker (losartan) or vehicles. Ang II alone raised mean arterial pressure (MAP) ∼10 mmHg, but Ang II-high salt increased MAP ∼50 mmHg. Ang II-high salt elevated plasma corticosterone, aldosterone and endogenous ouabain but not Ang II alone. Both Ang II alone and Ang II-high salt increased mRNA and protein expression of CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase gene) in the adrenal cortex but not of CYP11B1 (11-β-hydroxylase gene). In the aorta, Ang II-high salt increased sodium-calcium exchanger-1 (NCX1) protein. The Ang II-high salt induced increase in MAP was largely prevented by central infusion of MR blockers, benzamil or losartan. Central blockades significantly lowered plasma aldosterone and endogenous ouabain and markedly decreased Ang II-high salt induced CYP11B2 mRNA expression in the adrenal cortex and NCX1 protein in the aorta.ConclusionThese results suggest that in Ang II-high salt hypertension, MR-ENaC-AT1R signalling in the brain increases circulating aldosterone and endogenous ouabain, and arterial NCX1. These factors can amplify blood pressure responses to centrally-induced sympatho-excitation and thereby contribute to severe hypertension.
HOMINID: a framework for identifying associations between host genetic variation and microbiome composition
Authors: Lynch Joshua , Tang Karen , Priya Sambhawa , Sands Joanna , Sands Margaret , Tang Evan , Mukherjee Sayan , Knights Dan , Blekhman Ran 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Recent studies have uncovered a strong effect of host genetic variation on the composition of host-associated microbiota. Here, we present HOMINID, a computational approach based on Lasso linear regression, that given host genetic variation and microbiome taxonomic composition data, identifies host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are correlated with microbial taxa abundances. Using simulated data, we show that HOMINID has accuracy in identifying associated SNPs and performs better compared with existing methods. We also show that HOMINID can accurately identify the microbial taxa that are correlated with associated SNPs. Lastly, by using HOMINID on real data of human genetic variation and microbiome composition, we identified 13 human SNPs in which genetic variation is correlated with microbiome taxonomic composition across body sites. In conclusion, HOMINID is a powerful method to detect host genetic variants linked to microbiome composition and can facilitate discovery of mechanisms controlling host-microbiome interactions.
Depletion of recombination-specific cofactors by the C-terminal mutant of the activation-induced cytidine deaminase causes the dominant negative effect on class switch recombination
Authors: Al Ismail Azza , Husain Afzal , Kobayashi Maki , Honjo Tasuku , Begum Nasim A 
Published: November 2017

AbstractActivation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is essential for class-switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin genes. Studies on in vitro mutagenized AID as well as its mutations in human patients with hyper-IgM (HIGM)-syndrome type II revealed that C-terminal AID mutations were defective in CSR whereas their DNA cleavage and SHM activities remained intact. The C-terminal mutants of AID were speculated to exert the dominant negative effect on wild-type (WT) AID whereas its mechanism remains unknown. We generated the JP41 (R190X) mutation in one allele and a null mutation on the other allele in a mouse B cell line (CH12F3-2A) using CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing tools and studied the effect of JP41 expression on the function of exogenously introduced WT AID fused with estrogen receptor (AIDER) in AIDJP41/∆/AIDER CH12F3-2A cells. We found that JP41 expression strongly suppressed not only CSR but also Igh/c-Myc chromosomal translocations by AIDER. We showed that the dominant negative effect is not evident at the DNA cleavage step but obvious at both deletional and inversional recombination steps. We also confirmed the dominant negative effect of other C-terminal mutants, JP8Bdel (R183X) and P20 (34-aa insertion at residue 182) in AID-deficient spleen B cells. Finally, we showed that the expression of JP41 reduced the binding of AIDER with its cofactors (hnRNP L, SERBP1 and hnRNP U). Together, these data indicate that dominant negative effect of JP41 on CSR is likely due to the depletion of the CSR-specific RNA-binding proteins from WT AID.
Transitional Care Experience in Home Health: Exposing Students to Care Transitions Through Scenarios and Simulation
Authors: Ellis Diane M. , Meakim Colleen , Prieto Patricia , O’Connor Melissa 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Chronically ill older adults are at risk for avoidable adverse events especially during care transitions, the transfer to one care setting or one level of care to another. Because of the expected increase in the older adult population, increased demand for transitional care is anticipated. Despite the consistent call for expanded competencies in care transitions, nursing education has not incorporated these concepts into nursing curricula. To fill this gap, Villanova University developed patient care scenarios and simulations incorporating standardized patients to demonstrate the needs, risks, and potential complications associated with transitioning patients from acute care to home.