bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total arthroplasty of basal thumb joint with Elektra prothesis: an in vitro analysis
Authors: Completo A. , Nascimento A. , Neto F. 
Published: July 2016

The reported outcomes of the Elektra thumb carpo-metacarpal joint implant have been very variable. This study evaluates the influence of daily cyclic loads and the type of the screw-fit cup insertion technique in the trapezium, with and without prior threading, on the structural bone behaviour. The study was performed experimentally to predict initial implant stability and cortical bone strains. Computational models were developed to assess the structural cancellous bone behaviour. The use of Elektra implant considerably changed the bone strain behaviour compared with the intact joint. This may be associated with risks of cancellous bone fatigue failure due to overload, particularly in the trapezium. The joint load magnitude has a more important structural role than that of the screw-fit cup insertion technique. Limiting the magnitude of thumb loads after arthroplasty may contribute positively to the longevity of this procedure. Level of evidence: V
The effects of household income distribution on stroke prevalence and its risk factors of high blood pressure and smoking: a cross-sectional study in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Bird Yelena , Lemstra Mark , Rogers Marla 
Published: July 2016

Background: Stroke is a major chronic disease and a common cause of adult disability and mortality. Although there are many known risk factors for stroke, lower income is not one that is often discussed. Aims: To determine the unadjusted and adjusted association of income distribution on the prevalence of stroke in Saskatchewan, Canada. Methods: Information was collected from the Canadian Community Health Survey conducted by Statistics Canada for 2000–2008. In total, 178 variables were analysed for their association with stroke. Results: Prior to statistical adjustment, stroke was seven times more common for lower income residents than higher income residents. After statistical adjustment, only four covariates were independently associated with stroke prevalence, including having high blood pressure (odds ratio (OR) = 2.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.12–3.24), having a household income below CAD$30,000 per year (OR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.88–3.29), being a daily smoker (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.16–1.58) and being physically inactive (OR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.13–1.43). After statistical adjustment, there were five covariates independently associated with high blood pressure prevalence, including having a household income below CAD$30,000 per year (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.41–1.63). After statistical adjustment, there were five covariates independently associated with daily smoking prevalence, including having a household income below CAD$30,000 per year (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.25–1.33). Conclusions: Knowledge of disparities in the prevalence, severity, disability and mortality of stroke is critically important to medical and public health professionals. Our study found that income distribution was strongly associated with stroke, its main disease intermediary – high blood pressure – and its main risk factor – smoking. As such, income is an important variable worthy of public debate as a modifiable risk factor for stroke.
The relationship of management modality in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes to components of metabolic syndrome, γ glutamyl transferase and highly sensitive C-reactive protein
Authors: Bahijri Suhad M. , Ahmed Maimoona , Al-Shali Khalid , Bokhari Samia , Alhozali Amani , Borai Anwar , Gusti Amani , Ajabnoor Ghada , Alghamdi Ahmed , Asiri Mohammed , Tuomilehto Jaakko 
Published: July 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among management modality, glycemic control, components of metabolic syndrome (MS) and serum levels of γ glutamyl transferase (GGT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: Patients with T2DM, not suffering from diabetes complications, were recruited from outpatients clinics at two hospitals in Jeddah. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure (BP) were taken. A treatment plan was recorded. Fasting blood samples were obtained to measure glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipids profile, highly sensitive (hs)-CRP and GGT. Results: A total of 71 men and 82 women were recruited. Lower mean HbA1c was found in people receiving oral glucose-lowering drugs compared with those on insulin therapy ( p < 0.001). Management modality had no effect on mean GGT or hs-CRP. Higher mean GGT was associated with poor glycemic control, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and abdominal obesity. GGT correlated significantly ( p < 0.05) and directly with triglycerides in men ( r = 0.401) and diastolic BP ( r = 0.279 for men, r = 0.194, for women), but inversely with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ( r = −0.298 for men, r = −0.171 for women). hs-CRP correlated with waist circumference ( p < 0.05, r = 0.312, for men, r = 0.305, for women), with a higher mean being found in men with poor glycemic control ( p = 0.015), in hypertensive women ( p = 0.030), and in patients who were abdominally obese ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: High levels of GGT and hs-CRP are associated with components of MS and poor glycemic control, hence increased cardiovascular risk. Due to their value as independent risk predictors of vascular injury, these measures should be included in routine monitoring of patients with T2DM.
Evaluation of Contemporary Trends in Femoral Neck Fracture Management Reveals Discrepancies in Treatment
Authors: Bishop Julius , Yang Arthur , Githens Michael , Sox Alex H. S. 
Published: July 2016

Background: Recent evidence supports total hip arthroplasty (THA) as compared to hemiarthroplasty (HA) for the management of displaced femoral neck fractures in a significant subset of elderly patients. The purpose of this study was to examine trends in femoral neck fracture management over the last 12 years. Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample database, we identified patients treated for femoral neck fractures between 1998 and 2010 with THA, HA, or internal fixation (IF). We examined treatment trends and demographic variables including patient age, gender, socioeconomic status, and payer and hospital characteristics. Results: We identified 362 127 femoral neck fracture patients treated between 1998 and 2010. Overall, there were statistically significant increases in rates of THA and HA, whereas rates of IF decreased. Total hip arthroplasty varied based on patient age, with significant increases occurring in age-groups 0 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years, 60 to 69 years, and 70 to 79 years. Utilization of THA varied significantly based on socioeconomic status and race. Patient sex, urban versus rural hospital location, and teaching versus nonteaching hospital status were not related to rates of THA. Conclusion: Rates of THA for femoral neck fractures increased between 1998 and 2010 in patients younger than 80 years, suggesting that surgeons are responding to clinical evidence supporting THA for the treatment of elderly femoral neck fractures. This is the first study to demonstrate this change and expose disparities in practice patterns over time in response to this evidence in the United States. Further research is indicated to explore the effect of socioeconomic status and race on femoral neck fracture management.
A Theoretical Framework for Value Creation: A Multidimensional Strategy/Model for Improving Social Economic Performance
Authors: Miller Leon 
Published: July 2016

The tenets shaping Western civilization’s notion of managing economic resources and for political economy indicate that there is a dichotomy between the value in exchange and value in use economic value theories (e.g., that the two are incommensurate at the very least as in Aristotle or that there is even a discrepancy between the two as in Adam Smith). However, recent developments in value creation call for a reconceptualization of the value theory—in terms of how it applies to subjective values, organizational behaviour and economic activity. This article argues that although there is much literature announcing a pendulum shift towards value in use, there is a lack of an adequate explanation of how to resolve the long-standing discrepancy in the value theories. In addition, the literature heralding the new value concept is inadequate in explicating it in terms most useful to practitioner—how it can be applied as a theoretical model for improving performance. This article adds to the body of literature heralding the new value concept and its potential for improving organizational and social economic performances by explaining the factors connected with the value creation concept that make it an effective multidimensional strategy for integrating the economic resources of society to create increased benefit for all stakeholders plus by explaining how the value creation concept can be developed into an integrative theoretical business strategy and/or model.
Prothrombotic skeletal muscle myosin directly enhances prothrombin activation by binding factors Xa and Va
Authors: Deguchi Hiroshi , Sinha Ranjeet K. , Marchese Patrizia , Ruggeri Zaverio M. , Zilberman-Rudenko Jevgenia , McCarty Owen J. T. , Cohen Mitchell J. , Griffin John H. 
Published: July 2016

Key PointsSkeletal muscle myosin promotes thrombus formation and enhances prothrombin activation by binding factors Xa and Va. The procoagulant activity of skeletal muscle myosin might contribute to the hypercoagulability in plasmas of acute trauma patients.
Combined administration of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing IGF-1 and HGF enhances neovascularization but moderately improves cardiac regeneration in a porcine model
Authors: Gómez-Mauricio Guadalupe , Moscoso Isabel , Martín-Cancho María-Fernanda , Crisóstomo Verónica , Prat-Vidal Cristina , Báez-Díaz Claudia , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco M. , Bernad Antonio 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are among the most promising growth factors for promoting cardiorepair. Here, we evaluated the combination of cell- and gene-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) genetically modified to overexpress IGF-1 or HGF to treat acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a porcine model.

Methods
Pig MSC from adipose tissue (paMSC) were genetically modified for evaluation of different therapeutic strategies to improve AMI treatment. Three groups of infarcted Large White pigs were compared (I, control, non-transplanted; II, transplanted with paMSC-GFP (green fluorescent protein); III, transplanted with paMSC-IGF-1/HGF). Cardiac function was evaluated non-invasively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for 1 month. After euthanasia and sampling of the animal, infarcted areas were studied by histology and immunohistochemistry.

Results
Intramyocardial transplant in a porcine infarct model demonstrated the safety of paMSC in short-term treatments. Treatment with paMSC-IGF-1/HGF (1:1) compared with the other groups showed a clear reduction in inflammation in some sections analyzed and promoted angiogenic processes in ischemic tissue. Although cardiac function parameters were not significantly improved, cell retention and IGF-1 overexpression was confirmed within the myocardium.

Conclusions
The simultaneous administration of IGF-1- and HGF-overexpressing paMSC appears not to promote a synergistic effect or effective repair. The combined enhancement of neovascularization and fibrosis in paMSC-IGF-1/HGF-treated animals nonetheless suggests that sustained exposure to high IGF-1 + HGF levels promotes beneficial as well as deleterious effects that do not improve overall cardiac regeneration.
Alcohol exposure leads to unrecoverable cardiovascular defects along with edema and motor function changes in developing zebrafish larvae
Authors: Li Xu , Gao Aiai , Wang Yanan , Chen Man , Peng Jun , Yan Huaying , Zhao Xin , Feng Xizeng , Chen Dongyan 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause a series of developmental disorders in the fetus called FAS (fetal alcohol syndrome). In the present study we exposed zebrafish embryos to 1% and 2% alcohol and observed the morphology of heart and blood vessels during and after exposure to investigate motor function alterations, and damage and recovery to the cardiovascular system. The results showed that alcohol exposure could induce heart deformation, slower heart rate, and incomplete blood vessels and pericardium. After stopping exposure, larvae exposed to 1% alcohol could recover only in heart morphology, but larvae in 2% alcohol could not recover either morphology or function of cardiovascular system. The edema-like characteristics in the 2% alcohol group became more conspicuous afterwards, with destruction in the dorsal aorta, coarctation in segmental arteries and a decrease in motor function, implying more serious unrecoverable cardiovascular defects in the 2% group. The damaged blood vessels in the 2% alcohol group resulted in an alteration in permeability and a decrease of blood volume, which were the causes of edema in pathology. These findings contribute towards a better understanding of ethanol-induced cardiovascular abnormalities and co-syndrome in patients with FAS, and warns against excessive maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Non-invasive single-cell biomechanical analysis using live-imaging datasets
Authors: Pearson Yanthe E. , Lund Amanda W. , Lin Alex W. H. , Ng Chee P. , Alsuwaidi Aysha , Azzeh Sara , Gater Deborah L. , Teo Jeremy C. M. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The physiological state of a cell is governed by a multitude of processes and can be described by a combination of mechanical, spatial and temporal properties. Quantifying cell dynamics at multiple scales is essential for comprehensive studies of cellular function, and remains a challenge for traditional end-point assays. We introduce an efficient, non-invasive computational tool that takes time-lapse images as input to automatically detect, segment and analyze unlabeled live cells; the program then outputs kinematic cellular shape and migration parameters, while simultaneously measuring cellular stiffness and viscosity. We demonstrate the capabilities of the program by testing it on human mesenchymal stem cells (huMSCs) induced to differentiate towards the osteoblastic (huOB) lineage, and T-lymphocyte cells (T cells) of naïve and stimulated phenotypes. The program detected relative cellular stiffness differences in huMSCs and huOBs that were comparable to those obtained with studies that utilize atomic force microscopy; it further distinguished naïve from stimulated T cells, based on characteristics necessary to invoke an immune response. In summary, we introduce an integrated tool to decipher spatiotemporal and intracellular dynamics of cells, providing a new and alternative approach for cell characterization.
Review of Philip Carabott, Yannis Hamilakis and Eleni Papargyriou (eds), Camera Graeca: Photographs, Narratives, Materialities
Authors: Petsini Penelope 
Published: July 2016

<p>Philip Carabott, Yannis Hamilakis and Eleni Papargyriou, eds. <em>Camera Graeca: Photographs, Narratives, Materialities</em>. Farnham: Ashgate, 2015. 375 pp.</p>
Review of Yannis Kondaratos', Η θεωρία του William Blake για την τέχνη και η σημασία του εικαστικού του έργου για την κατανόησή της
Authors: Hamalidi Elena 
Published: July 2016

<p>Yannis Kondaratos. Η θεωρία του William Blake για την τέχνη και η σημασία του εικαστικού του έργου για την κατανόησή της [William Blake’s theory of art and the significance of his artwork for its understanding]. Athens: Nissos, 2013. 328 pp.</p>
Review of Evanthis Hatzivassiliou's, NATO and Western Perceptions of the Soviet Bloc: Alliance Analysis and Reporting, 1951-1969
Authors: Roussos Sotiris 
Published: July 2016

<p>Evanthis Hatzivassiliou. <em>NATO and Western Perceptions of the Soviet Bloc: Alliance Analysis and Reporting</em>, 1951-1969. London: Routledge, 2014. xii + 228 pp.</p>
MRI T1ρ and T2 mapping for the assessment of articular cartilage changes in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis after hemicallotasis osteotomy
Authors: Nishioka H. , Nakamura E. , Hirose J. , Okamoto N. , Yamabe S. , Mizuta H. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to clarify the appearance of the reparative tissue on the articular surface and to analyse the properties of the reparative tissue after hemicallotasis osteotomy (HCO) using MRI T1ρ and T2 mapping.MethodsCoronal T1ρ and T2 mapping and three-dimensional gradient-echo images were obtained from 20 subjects with medial knee osteoarthritis. We set the regions of interest (ROIs) on the full-thickness cartilage of the medial femoral condyle (MFC) and medial tibial plateau (MTP) of the knee and measured the cartilage thickness (mm) and T1ρ and T2 relaxation times (ms). Statistical analysis of time-dependent changes in the cartilage thickness and the T1ρ and T2 relaxation times was performed using one-way analysis of variance, and Scheffe’s test was employed for post hoc multiple comparison.ResultsThe cartilage-like repair tissue appeared on the cartilage surface of the medial compartment post-operatively, and the cartilage thickness showed a significant increase between the pre-operative and one-year post-operative time points (MFC; p = 0.003, MTP; p < 0.001). The T1ρ values of the cartilage-like repair tissue showed no difference over time, however, the T2 values showed a significant decrease between the pre-operative and one-year post-operative time points (MFC; p = 0.004, MTP; p = 0.040).ConclusionThis study clarified that the fibrocartilage-like repair tissue appeared on the articular surface of the medial compartment after HCO as evidenced by MRI T1ρ and T2 mapping. Cite this article: H. Nishioka, E. Nakamura, J. Hirose, N. Okamoto, S. Yamabe, H. Mizuta. MRI T1ρ and T2 mapping for the assessment of articular cartilage changes in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis after hemicallotasis osteotomy. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:294–300. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.57.BJR-2016-0057.R1.
Gender Features of Radical Oxidation of Lipids in Menopausal Women and Men in Andropause
Authors: Kolesnikova L. I. , Madaeva I. M. , Semenova N. V. , Osipova E. V. , Darenskaya M. A. 
Published: July 2016

Aims: Our aim was to assess lipid peroxidation ― antioxidant protection in menopausal women and men in andropause and to compare these processes in different gender and age groups. Materials and methods:74 women and 37 men were examined. This study was a prospective, randomized cohort study. Women were divided into perimenopausal group (n=22, mean age 49.03±3.13), postmenopausal group (n=15, mean age 54.43±4.54) and control (n=37, mean age 34±1.2). Men were divided into a group of andropause (n=20, mean age 50.38±2.63) and control (n=17, mean age 35.21±4.75). Body mass index in the main and control groups was comparable. Questionnaires, clinical examination, assessment of the lipid peroxidation-antioxidant defense system, and the calculation of oxidative stress ratio were conducted to all participants of the study. Results: In women from the reproductive phase transition to its extinction increases content of compounds with conjugated double bonds by 22% (p0.05) in perimenopause and by 27% (p0.05) in postmenopause, increases content of the ketodienes and coupled trienes by 21% (p0.05) in perimenopause relative to the control group and reduced by 27% (p0.05) in postmenopausal women relative to the group of perimenopause. The antioxidant system in women observed the following changes: decrease in the α-tocopherol levels in postmenopausal women by 37% relative to control and by 22% (p0.05) to compare perimenopause; reduction of retinol level by 29% (p0.05) in the perimenopause and by 39% (p0.05) in postmenopause relative to control, increasing of the content of GSSG by 18% (p0.05) in postmenopause to compare control. When comparing groups of men statistically significant differences were not found. When comparing the groups according to gender, we revealed in men the increased content of compounds with conjugated double bonds by 38% (p0.05), the GSSG by 13% (p0.05), reduced content of the ketodienes and coupled trienes by 43% (p0,05), α-tocopherol by 24% (p0.05), SOD activity by 9% (p0.05).Coefficient oxidative stress in perimenopausal women was 2,5, in postmenopausal ― 3,48, in andropause ― 0,97.Conclusions: Expressed lipid peroxidation activity is more physiological in andropause than in menopause. Men in andropause have large functional reserves and adaptive capacity than menopausal women.
Effects of the Airway Obstruction on the Skin Microcirculation in Patients with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Tikhonova Irina V. , Kosyakova N. I. , Tankanag A. V. , Chemeris N. K. 
Published: July 2016

Background: Pulmonary hemodynamic disorders depend on the inflammatory phases and severity of the obstructive syndrome. However, the effect of asthma bronchial obstruction on the state of peripheral hemodynamics remains insufficiently known. Aims: To study the effects of airway obstruction on skin blood flow parameters and its regulatory systems in patients with persistent atopic bronchial asthma in the remission state.Materials and methods: A comparative study of the skin peripheral blood flow in patients with bronchial asthma with severe airway obstruction (1st group) and without obstruction (2nd group) was conducted. 20 patients with confirmed diagnosis of atopic asthma of 50–74 years old participated in the study. All patients received basic therapy in a constant dosing of high doses of inhaled glucocorticosteroids/long-acting beta-2-agonists. The control group included 20 healthy volunteers without evidence of bronchial obstruction. The study lasted for 3 months. The forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was used to evaluate the bronchial obstruction by spirometry technique. Skin blood perfusion changes were recorded by laser Doppler flowmetry at rest and in response to short-term local ischemia. Registered peripheral blood flow signals were examined using the amplitude temporal filtering in five frequency intervals to identify the functional features of the peripheral blood flow regulation systems. Results: Consistent two-fold decrease of the oscillation amplitudes was found in the neurogenic interval at rest (p=0.031), as well as in the myogenic (p=0.043; p=0.031) and endothelial intervals (p=0.037; p≤0.001) both at rest and during the postocclusive reactive hyperemia respectively in the 1st group of patients with bronchial obstruction (FEV1 80%) compared with the control group. No significant changes were revealed for skin blood flow parameters in the 2nd patient group (without obstruction, FEV1 80%) in comparison to control subjects.Conclusions: The presence of bronchial obstruction has a significant impact on the changes of the amplitudes of skin blood flow oscillations in patients with bronchial asthma in the myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial intervals.