bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional intelligence and organizational learning at trade shows
Authors: Bettis-Outland Harriette , Guillory Monica D. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to illustrate the interface between emotional intelligence (EI), trust and organizational learning in the context of a trade show environment.

Design/methodology/approach
Theoretical underpinnings of this conceptual study include appraisal theory of emotions. Propositions are presented that suggest positive relationships between antecedent variables, EI and trust, contrasted with the dependent variable, organizational learning.

Findings
Organizational learning is generally considered to be a benign activity, created by the acquisition and dissemination of new information. The outcome of organizational learning is the development of new knowledge that ultimately results in a shared interpretation among members of the organization. This paper suggests that a lack of EI, defined as “the ability to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion in the self and others” (Mayer et al., 2000, p. 396), casts doubt on the motives of newly acquired information. Consequently, low levels of EI can inhibit the acceptance of new information, leading to a reduction of learning by the organization.

Originality/value
This paper extends the concept of organizational learning by incorporating EI and trust as antecedents of organizational learning. Previous research suggests a direct relationship between information acquisition, dissemination and organizational learning. This study implies that other factors can intervene after information is acquired, thereby affecting whether newly acquired information is fully incorporated into the organizational learning process.
Trust and duration of buyer-seller relationship in emerging markets
Authors: Dadzie Kofi Q. , Dadzie Charlene A. , Williams Alvin J. 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThis study aims to examine how various components of interpersonal trust (affective and cognitive) influence the duration of buyer-seller relationships in the emerging market (EM) context of a heterogeneous market structure dominated by small, fragmented sellers/suppliers.Design/methodology/approachThe study proposes a hazard model for analyzing duration effects of interpersonal trust in the EM context. The model was validated using data on buying agents provided by 340 cocoa sellers/producers in Ghana, gathered from extensive field interviews.FindingsResults of the survival analysis reveal a limited but significant positive duration effect of cognitive (ability) trust only. Further analysis of sellers’ duration intentions (intention to remain with a buyer) also reveals a positive impact of affective trust but no impact of cognitive (ability and integrity) trust. Cocoa bean sellers’ evaluation of buying firms’ purchasing agents suggests that buying firms underperform on emotional/affective components of interpersonal trust, and that private firms outperform state buying agents on ability trust as well.Research limitations/implicationsWhile this study focused on the fragmented nature of sellers in the EM context, and the scope was limited to the sellers’ interpersonal trust perception of the buyer-seller, future research should examine both buyer and seller perceptions to obtain complete insight into the buyer-seller dyad in the EM context. In addition, the results of the duration effects identified in this study may not be generalizable to other EM export commodities, where channels have long been fully privatized. Ghana’s cocoa export marketing system was only recently privatized, and potentially has more sellers at the risk of adopting/switching relationships with their buyers than would be expected in more privatized expert commodity marketing systems.Practical implicationsManagers of export commodity buying firms in EMs can take advantage of the positive duration effects of cognitive trust by constantly improving the capabilities of their purchasing agents throughout the lifetime of their suppliers to sustain their relationship. However, sellers’ intention to switch can be mitigated by formalizing policies that encourage emotional bonds with sellers, especially small-scale producers in highly vulnerable bargaining positions. The aggregate output of small-scale producers could be of strategic importance in the future.Originality/valueManagers need systematic empirical evidence of the nature of duration effects of interpersonal trust given anecdotal evidence suggesting that managers have a tendency to emphasize cognitive trust over affective/emotional trust. Further, the applicability of such evidence in the EM context is critical given unique conditions such as highly fragmented sellers dealing with relatively large corporations.
Co‐Administration of Low‐Dose Naltrexone and Bupropion Reduces Alcohol Drinking in Alcohol‐Preferring (P) Rats
Authors: Nicholson Emily R. , Dilley Julian E. , Froehlich Janice C. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThis study examined whether combining naltrexone (NTX) with bupropion (BUP) is more effective in reducing alcohol drinking in alcohol‐preferring (P) rats with a genetic predisposition toward high voluntary alcohol intake than either drug alone.MethodsAlcohol‐experienced, adult, male, P rats were fed NTX alone in a dose of 10.0 mg/kg BW, BUP alone in a dose of 10.0 mg/kg BW, BUP alone in a dose of 20.0 mg/kg BW, NTX (10.0 mg/kg BW) + BUP (10.0 mg/kg BW), or vehicle (VEH) at 1 hour prior to onset of a daily 2‐hour alcohol access period for 5 consecutive days.ResultsWhen administered alone, neither NTX (10.0 mg/kg BW) nor BUP, in either of 2 doses (10.0 mg/kg BW or 20.0 mg/kg BW), reduced voluntary alcohol intake in P rats. However, NTX combined with BUP (10.0 mg/kg NTX + 10.0 mg/kg BUP) and given as a single medication significantly reduced alcohol consumption throughout prolonged treatment.ConclusionsCombining low doses of NTX and BUP, each of which is ineffective when given alone, increases the efficacy of the medication. Low drug doses circumvent the problem of negative side effects that can occur with higher doses of either drug. A reduction in side effects can facilitate patient compliance and improve clinical outcomes for alcoholics and heavy drinkers who want to reduce their alcohol intake. The results, together with those from our prior studies, demonstrate the strength of a combinatorial pharmacotherapeutic approach to the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
Associations Between MAOA‐uVNTR Genotype, Maltreatment, MAOA Methylation, and Alcohol Consumption in Young Adult Males
Authors: Bendre Megha , Comasco Erika , Checknita Dave , Tiihonen Jari , Hodgins Sheilagh , Nilsson Kent W. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundEpigenetic mechanisms are candidate moderators of the effect of maltreatment on brain and behavior. Interactions between maltreatment and the monoamine oxidase A upstream variable number tandem repeat genotype (MAOA‐uVNTR) are associated with alcohol‐related problems. However, presently it is not known whether DNA methylation moderates this association. The study focused on 53 young adult males and aimed to determine whether MAOA methylation moderated the association of alcohol‐related problems with the interaction of MAOA‐uVNTR and maltreatment, and whether alcohol consumption moderated the association of MAOA methylation with the interaction of MAOA‐uVNTR and maltreatment.MethodsMAOA‐uVNTR genotypes with ≤ 3 and > 3 repeats were categorized as short (S) and long (L), respectively. Data on maltreatment were obtained retrospectively, using self‐reported questionnaires. DNA methylation of 16 candidate CpGs within part of the MAOA first exon and intron was assessed and grouped based on principal component analyses. Alcohol‐related problems were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Alcohol consumption was measured using AUDIT‐C. Moderation effects were assessed and probed using the moderated moderation model and Johnson–Neyman's method, respectively.ResultsCarriers of the S allele, who experienced maltreatment and displayed lower Component 1 (mean of CpGs 13–16 in the first intron) MAOA methylation levels, reported higher AUDIT score in contrast to L‐allele carriers. Carriers of the S allele, who reported higher AUDIT‐C score and experienced maltreatment, displayed lower Component 3 (mean of CpGs 2–6 in the first exon) MAOA methylation levels than L‐allele carriers.ConclusionsIntronic methylation moderated the association of alcohol‐related problems with the interaction of MAOA‐uVNTR and maltreatment. Alcohol consumption moderated the association of exonic methylation with the interaction of MAOA‐uVNTR and maltreatment. These results suggest that epigenetic factors as well as genotype and maltreatment play a role in the development of alcohol misuse among young adult males.
Monocytes enhance neutrophil‐induced blister formation in an ex vivo model of bullous pemphigoid
Authors: de Graauw E. , Sitaru C. , Horn M. P. , Borradori L. , Yousefi S. , Simon D. , Simon H.‐U. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundLesions of bullous pemphigoid (BP), an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease characterized by the presence of tissue‐bound and circulating autoantibodies to hemidesmosomal antigens, harbor a mixed inflammatory cellular infiltrate. In various models, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, monocytes as well as B and T cells have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of BP. However, their interactions with and effective role in blister formation remain uncertain. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of monocyte/neutrophil interaction on blister formation in an ex vivo BP model.MethodsSkin cryosections were incubated with purified human neutrophils and monocytes, in the presence or absence of BP autoantibodies. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), degranulation, mediator release (neutrophil elastase [NE], myeloperoxidase [MPO], matrix metalloproteinase‐9 [MMP‐9]), binding of Fcγ receptor (CD16, CD32, CD64), and cell adhesion (CD18, ICAM‐1) was investigated using appropriate inhibitors. Dermal‐epidermal separation (DES) was assessed by light microscopy and quantified by Fiji software.ResultsMonocytes and neutrophils synergistically interact resulting in a significantly higher DES compared to either monocytes or neutrophils separately (P < .0001). Monocyte/neutrophil‐induced DES was associated with increased ROS production and was dependent on adhesion and FcγRIII binding. Upon stimulation by the granule‐poor fraction of monocyte supernatants, neutrophils increased their release of MMP‐9, thereby also DES at the dermal‐epidermal junction of skin cryosections.ConclusionOur observations suggest that the interaction of cells, as shown here for monocytes and neutrophils, enhances mediator release resulting in an increased subepidermal blister formation. Thus, blocking intercellular cross talk promises a new therapeutic approach for blocking tissue damage in BP.
Automated refraction is stable 1 week after uncomplicated cataract surgery
Authors: Ostri Christoffer , Holfort Stig K. , Fich Marianne S. , Riise Per 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeTo compare automated refraction 1 week and 1 month after uncomplicated cataract surgery.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we recruited patients in a 2‐month period and included consecutive patients scheduled for bilateral small‐incision phacoemulsification cataract surgery. The exclusion criteria were (i) corneal and/or retinal pathology that could lead to automated refraction miscalculation and (ii) surgery complications. Automated refraction was measured 1 week and 1 month after surgery.ResultsNinety‐five patients met the in‐ and exclusion criteria and completed follow‐up. The mean refractive shift in spherical equivalent was −0.02 dioptre (D) between 1 week and 1 month after surgery and not statistical significant (p = 0.78, paired t‐test). The magnitude of refractive shift in either myopic or hyperopic direction was neither correlated to age, preoperative corneal astigmatism, axial length nor phacoemulsification energy used during surgery (p > 0.05 for all variables, regression analysis). The refractive target was missed with 1.0 D or more in 11 (12%) patients. In this subgroup, the mean refractive shift in spherical equivalent was 0.49 D between 1 week and 1 month after surgery with a trend towards statistical significance (p = 0.07, paired t‐test). There was no difference in age, preoperative corneal astigmatism, axial length or phacoemulsification energy used during surgery compared to the remainder of the patients (p > 0.05 for all variables, unpaired t‐test).ConclusionAutomated refraction is stabile 1 week after uncomplicated cataract surgery, but there is a trend towards instability, if the refractive target is missed with 1.0 D or more.
The effect of administration of copper nanoparticles to chickens in their drinking water on the immune and antioxidant status of the blood
Authors: Ognik Katarzyna , Sembratowicz Iwona , Cholewińska Ewelina , Jankowski Jan , Kozłowski Krzysztof , Juśkiewicz Jerzy , Zduńczyk Zenon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe aim of this experiment was to determine what dosage of copper (Cu) nanoparticles, added to a standard dietary supplementation with copper sulfate, would improve antioxidant and immune defense in chickens. The experiment was conducted with 126 broiler chickens assigned to seven treatments with three pens per treatment and six broiler chickens per pen. The basal‐diet treatment did not receive Cu nanoparticles (nano‐Cu) and as shown by analyses it was Cu‐deficient (−29% vs. National Research Council (NRC) recommendations; 5.7 vs. 8 mg/kg). Broiler chickens received nano‐Cu (0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mg/kg body weight per day) via a tube into the crop over three 3‐day periods (days 8–10, 22–24 and 36–38) or three 7‐day periods (days 8–14, 22–28 and 36–42). As a result, in the nano‐Cu‐treated broilers the total experimental Cu intake was from −11% to +96% versus NRC recommendations. At the age of 42 days of broilers, their blood indices were determined. The obtained results showed that correction of the deficient basal diet of chickens with nano‐Cu to a level of copper exceeding the NRC recommendation by 54% increased the antioxidant potential of the organism and inhibited lipid peroxidation. At the dosage of +96% versus NRC, some symptoms of a deterioration in antioxidant status appeared (a decrease in the level of glutathione plus glutathione disulfide and an increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase and ceruloplasmin activity and in lipid hydroperoxide content). Additionally, +7% versus the recommended Cu dietary level was followed by unfavorable results, indicating a deterioration in red blood cell parameters and stimulation of the immune system (an increase in interleukin‐6, immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM and IgY). To conclude, it was shown that it is possible to simultaneously increase antioxidant and immune defense of chickens by supplementing their diets with nano‐Cu – up to 12 mg per bird during 6 weeks of feeding, that is to a level no more than 7% over the NRC recommendation for growing broiler chickens.
Dominant role of microglial and macrophage innate immune responses in human ischemic infarcts
Authors: Zrzavy Tobias , Machado‐Santos Joana , Christine Sheren , Baumgartner Christoph , Weiner Howard L. , Butovsky Oleg , Lassmann Hans 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInflammatory mechanisms, involving granulocytes, T‐cells, B‐cells, macrophages and activated microglia, have been suggested to play a pathogenic role in experimental models of stroke and may be targets for therapeutic intervention. However, knowledge on the inflammatory response in human stroke lesions is limited. Here, we performed a quantitative study on the inflammatory reaction in human ischemic infarct lesions. We found increased numbers of T‐lymphocytes, mainly CD8+ cells, but not of B‐lymphocytes. Their number was very low in comparison to that seen in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system and they did not show signs of activation. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were present in meninges and less prominently in the perivascular space in early lesions, but their infiltration into the lesioned tissue was sparse with the exception of a single case. Microglia were lost in the necrotic core of fresh lesions, their number was increased in the surrounding penumbra, apparently due to proliferation. Using TMEM119 as a marker for the resident microglia pool, macrophages in lesions were in part derived from the original microglia pool, depending on the lesion stage. Most microglia and macrophages revealed a pro‐inflammatory activation pattern, expressing molecules involved in phagocytosis, oxidative injury, antigen presentation and iron metabolism and had partially lost the expression of P2RY12, an antigen expressed on homeostatic (“resting”) microglia in rodents. At later lesion stages, the majority of macrophages showed intermediate activation patterns, expressing pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory markers. Microglia in the normal white matter of controls and stroke patients were already partly activated toward a pro‐inflammatory phenotype. Our data suggest that the direct contribution of lymphocytes and granulocytes to active tissue injury in human ischemic infarct lesions is limited and that stroke therapy that targets pro‐inflammatory microglia and macrophage activation may be effective.
RELN signaling modulates glioblastoma growth and substrate‐dependent migration
Authors: Schulze Markus , Violonchi Christ , Swoboda Stefan , Welz Tobias , Kerkhoff Eugen , Hoja Sabine , Brüggemann Susanne , Simbürger Johann , Reinders Jörg , Riemenschneider Markus J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) represents the most common and most malignant type of primary brain tumor and significantly contributes to cancer morbidity and mortality. Invasion into the healthy brain parenchyma is a major feature of glioblastoma aggressiveness. Reelin (RELN) is a large secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein that regulates neuronal migration and positioning in the developing brain and sustains functionality in the adult brain. We here show that both RELN and its main downstream effector DAB1 are silenced in glioblastoma as compared to non‐neoplastic tissue and mRNA expression is inversely correlated with malignancy grade. Furthermore, RELN expression is positively correlated with patient survival in two large, independent clinically annotated datasets. RELN silencing occurs via promoter hypermethylation as shown by both database mining and bisulfite sequencing of the RELN promoter. Consequently, treatment with 5′‐Azacytidine and trichostatin A induced RELN expression in vitro. On the functional level, we found RELN to regulate glioblastoma cell migration both in a DAB1 (tyrosine phosphorylation)‐dependent and ‐independent fashion, depending on the substrate provided. Moreover, stimulation of RELN signaling strongly reduced proliferation in glioblastoma cells. This phenotype depends on DAB1 stimulation by RELN, as a mutant that lacks all RELN induced tyrosine phosphorylation sites (DAB1‐5F) failed to induce a growth arrest. Proteomic analyzes revealed that these effects are mediated by a reduction in E2F targets and dephosphorylation of ERK1/2. Taken together, our data establish a relevance of RELN signaling in glioblastoma pathology and thereby might unearth novel, yet unrecognized treatment options.
Anti‐Parkinsonian and anti‐dyskinetic profiles of two novel potent and selective nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor agonists
Authors: Arcuri Ludovico , Novello Salvatore , Frassineti Martina , Mercatelli Daniela , Pisanò Clarissa Anna , Morella Ilaria , Fasano Stefania , Journigan Blair V , Meyer Michael E , Polgar Willma E , Brambilla Riccardo , Zaveri Nurulain T , Morari Michele 
Published: December 2017

Background and PurposeWe previously showed that nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide (NOP) receptor agonists attenuate the expression of levodopa‐induced dyskinesia in animal models of Parkinson's disease. We now investigate the efficacy of two novel, potent and chemically distinct NOP receptor agonists, AT‐390 and AT‐403, to improve Parkinsonian disabilities and attenuate dyskinesia development and expression.Experimental ApproachBinding affinity and functional efficacy of AT‐390 and AT‐403 at the opioid receptors were determined in radioligand displacement assays and in GTPγS binding assays respectively, conducted in CHO cells. Their anti‐Parkinsonian activity was evaluated in 6‐hydroxydopamine hemi‐lesioned rats whereas the anti‐dyskinetic properties were assessed in 6‐hydroxydopamine hemi‐lesioned rats chronically treated with levodopa. The ability of AT‐403 to inhibit the D1 receptor‐induced phosphorylation of striatal ERK was investigated.Key ResultsAT‐390 and AT‐403 selectively improved akinesia at low doses and disrupted global motor activity at higher doses. AT‐403 palliated dyskinesia expression without causing sedation in a narrow therapeutic window, whereas AT‐390 delayed the appearance of abnormal involuntary movements and increased their duration at doses causing sedation. AT‐403 did not prevent the priming to levodopa, although it significantly inhibited dyskinesia on the first day of administration. AT‐403 reduced the ERK phosphorylation induced by SKF38393 in vitro and by levodopa in vivo.Conclusions and ImplicationsNOP receptor stimulation can provide significant albeit mild anti‐dyskinetic effect at doses not causing sedation. The therapeutic window, however, varies across compounds. AT‐403 could be a potent and selective tool to investigate the role of NOP receptors in vivo.
Shyness and Trajectories of Functional Network Connectivity Over Early Adolescence
Authors: Sylvester Chad M. , Whalen Diana J. , Belden Andy C. , Sanchez Shana L. , Luby Joan L. , Barch Deanna M. 
Published: December 2017

High shyness during early adolescence is associated with impaired peer relationships and risk for psychiatric disorders. Little is known, however, about the relation between shyness and trajectories of brain development over early adolescence. The current study longitudinally examined trajectories of resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐fc) within four brain networks in 147 adolescents. Subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at three different time points, at average ages 10.5 (range = 7.8–13.0), 11.7 (range = 9.3–14.1), and 12.9 years (range = 10.1–15.2). Multilevel linear modeling indicated that high shyness was associated with a less steep negative slope of default mode network (DMN) rs‐fc over early adolescence relative to low shyness. Less steep decreases in DMN rs‐fc may relate to increased self‐focus in adolescents with high shyness.
Digital Screen Time Limits and Young Children's Psychological Well‐Being: Evidence From a Population‐Based Study
Authors: Przybylski Andrew K. , Weinstein Netta 
Published: December 2017

There is little empirical understanding of how young children's screen engagement links to their well‐being. Data from 19,957 telephone interviews with parents of 2‐ to 5‐year‐olds assessed their children's digital screen use and psychological well‐being in terms of caregiver attachment, resilience, curiosity, and positive affect in the past month. Evidence did not support implementing limits (< 1 or < 2 hr/day) as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics, once variability in child ethnicity, age, gender, household income, and caregiver educational attainment were considered. Yet, small parabolic functions linked screen time to attachment and positive affect. Results suggest a critical cost–benefit analysis is needed to determine whether setting firm limits constitutes a judicious use of caregiver and professional resources.