bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of a polymer coated silicon microarray for simultaneous detection of food allergen‐specific IgE and IgG4
Authors: Sievers S. , Cretich M. , Gagni P. , Ahrens B. , Grishina G. , Sampson H. A. , Niggemann B. , Chiari M. , Beyer K. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundMicroarray‐based component‐resolved diagnostics (CRD) has become an accepted tool to detect allergen‐specific IgE sensitization towards hundreds of allergens in parallel from one drop of serum. Nevertheless, specificity and sensitivity as well as a simultaneous detection of allergen‐specific IgG4, as a potential parameter for tolerance development, remain to be optimized.ObjectiveWe applied the recently introduced silicon chip coated with a functional polymer named copoly(DMA‐NAS‐MAPS) to the simultaneous detection of food allergen‐specific IgE and IgG4, and compared it with ImmunoCAP and ImmunoCAP ISAC. Inter‐ and intraslide variation, linearity of signal and working range, sensitivity and application of internal calibrations for IgE and IgG4 were assessed.MethodsNative and recombinant allergenic proteins from hen's egg and cow's milk were spotted on silicon chips coated with copoly(DMA‐NAS‐MAPS) along with known concentrations for human IgE and IgG4. A serum pool and 105 patient samples were assessed quantitatively and semi‐quantitatively with the ImmunoCAP and ImmunoCAP ISAC and correlated with IgE‐ and IgG4‐specific fluorescence on silicon microarrays.ResultsAllergen‐specific IgE and IgG4 were detected in parallel using two fluorescent dyes with no crosstalk. Results from the ImmunoCAP correlated better with microarray fluorescence than with ImmunoCAP ISAC except for the allergen ovomucoid. The working range of the silicon microarray for total hen's egg‐specific IgE was comparable to the range of 0.1 to >100 kUA/L of the ImmunoCAP system, whereas for total cow's milk, the silicon microarray was less sensitive. Detectable allergen‐specific IgG4 could be determined only for low concentrations, but still correlated positively with ImmunoCAP results.ConclusionsWe confirmed the ability of the polymer coated silicon microarray to be comparably sensitive to the ImmunoCAP ISAC for various food allergens. This suggests that the copoly(DMA‐NAS‐MAPS) microarray is a low‐cost, self‐producible alternative to the commercial ImmunoCAP ISAC in allergy research.
Reduction of postprandial glucose by lixisenatide vs sitagliptin treatment in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes on background insulin glargine: A randomized phase IV study (NEXTAGE Study)
Authors: Yamada Yuichiro , Senda Masayuki , Naito Yusuke , Tamura Masahiro , Watanabe Daisuke , Shuto Yujin , Urita Yoshihisa 
Published: March 2017

AimTo evaluate the pharmacodynamics of lixisenatide once daily vs sitagliptin once daily in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin glargine U100.Materials and methodsThis multicentre, open‐label, phase IV study (NEXTAGE Study; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02200991) randomly assigned 136 patients to either lixisenatide once daily via subcutaneous injection (10 µg initially increased weekly by 5 up to 20 µg) or once‐daily oral sitagliptin 50 mg. The primary endpoint was the change in postprandial glucose (PPG) exposure 4 hours after a standardized breakfast (PPG area under the plasma glucose concentration–time curve [AUC0:00‐4:00h]) from baseline to day 29.ResultsLixisenatide reduced PPG exposure to a statistically significantly greater extent than sitagliptin: least squares (LS) mean change from baseline in PPG AUC0:00‐4:00h was −347.3 h·mg/dL (−19.3 h·mmol/L) in the lixisenatide group and −113.3 h·mg/dL (−6.3 h·mmol/L) in the sitagliptin group (LS mean between‐group difference −234.0 h·mg/dL [−13.0 h·mmol/L], 95% confidence interval −285.02 to −183.00 h·mg/dL [−15.8 to −10.2 h·mmol/L]; P < .0001). Lixisenatide led to significantly greater LS mean reductions in maximum PPG excursion than sitagliptin (−122.4 vs −46.6 mg/dL [−6.8 vs −2.6 h·mmol/L]; P < .0001). Change‐from‐baseline reductions in exposure to C‐peptide, fasting glycoalbumin levels, and the gastric emptying rate were greater in the lixisenatide than in the sitagliptin group. The incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events was higher with lixisenatide (60.9%) than with sitagliptin (16.4%), with no serious events or severe hypoglycaemia reported.ConclusionLixisenatide reduced PPG significantly more than sitagliptin, when these agents were added to basal insulin glargine U100, and was well tolerated.
Metabolic responses to exogenous ghrelin in obesity and early after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass in humans
Authors: Tamboli Robyn A. , Antoun Joseph , Sidani Reem M. , Clements Austin , Harmata Emily E. , Marks‐Shulman Pam , Gaylinn Bruce D. , Williams Brandon , Clements Ronald H. , Albaugh Vance L. , Abumrad Naji N. 
Published: March 2017

AimsGhrelin is a gastric‐derived hormone that stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion and has a multi‐faceted role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, including glucose metabolism. Circulating ghrelin concentrations are modulated in response to nutritional status, but responses to ghrelin in altered metabolic states are poorly understood. We investigated the metabolic effects of ghrelin in obesity and early after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB).Materials and methodsWe assessed central and peripheral metabolic responses to acyl ghrelin infusion (1 pmol kg−1 min−1) in healthy, lean subjects (n = 9) and non‐diabetic, obese subjects (n = 9) before and 2 weeks after RYGB. Central responses were assessed by GH and pancreatic polypeptide (surrogate for vagal activity) secretion. Peripheral responses were assessed by hepatic and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity during a hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp.ResultsGhrelin‐stimulated GH secretion was attenuated in obese subjects, but was restored by RYGB to a response similar to that of lean subjects. The heightened pancreatic polypeptide response to ghrelin infusion in the obese was attenuated after RYGB. Hepatic glucose production and hepatic insulin sensitivity were not altered by ghrelin infusion in RYGB subjects. Skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity was impaired to a similar degree in lean, obese and post‐RYGB individuals in response to ghrelin infusion.ConclusionsThese data suggest that obesity is characterized by abnormal central, but not peripheral, responsiveness to ghrelin that can be restored early after RYGB before significant weight loss. Further work is necessary to fully elucidate the role of ghrelin in the metabolic changes that occur in obesity and following RYGB.
Adding fast‐acting insulin aspart to basal insulin significantly improved glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, 18‐week, open‐label, phase 3 trial (onset 3)
Authors: Rodbard Helena W. , Tripathy Devjit , Vidrio Velázquez Maricela , Demissie Marek , Tamer Søren C. , Piletič Milivoj 
Published: March 2017

AimTo confirm glycaemic control superiority of mealtime fast‐acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) in a basal–bolus (BB) regimen vs basal‐only insulin.Materials and methodsIn this open‐label, randomized, 18‐week trial (51 sites; 6 countries), adults (n = 236) with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D; mean glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA1c] ± SD: 7.9% ± 0.7% [63.1 ± 7.5 mmol/mol]) receiving basal insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs underwent 8‐week optimization of prior once‐daily basal insulin followed by randomization 1:1 to either a BB regimen with faster aspart (n = 116) or continuation of once‐daily basal insulin (n = 120), both with metformin. Primary endpoint was HbA1c change from baseline after 18 weeks of treatment. Secondary endpoints included: postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) change and overall PPG increment (all meals); weight; treatment‐emergent adverse events; hypoglycaemic episodes.Results
HbA1c decreased from 7.9% (63.2 mmol/mol) to 6.8% (50.7 mmol/mol; BB group) and from 7.9% (63.2 mmol/mol) to 7.7% (60.7 mmol/mol; basal‐only group); estimated treatment difference [95% confidence interval] −0.94% [−1.17; −0.72]; −10.3 mmol/mol [−12.8; −7.8];
P
< .0001. Reductions from baseline in overall mean 2‐hour PPG and overall PPG increment for all meals (self‐measured plasma glucose profiles) were statistically significant in favour of BB treatment (
P
< .0001). Severe/blood glucose confirmed hypoglycaemia rate (12.8 vs 2.0 episodes per patient‐years of exposure), total daily insulin (1.2 vs 0.6 U/kg) and weight gain (1.8 vs 0.2 kg) were greater with BB than with basal‐only treatment.ConclusionsIn T2D, faster aspart in a BB regimen provided superior glycaemic control as compared with basal‐only insulin, but with an increase in the frequency of hypoglycaemia and modest weight gain.
3D echocardiographic analysis of aortic annulus for transcatheter aortic valve replacement using novel aortic valve quantification software: Comparison with computed tomography
Authors: Mediratta Anuj , Addetia Karima , Medvedofsky Diego , Schneider Robert J. , Kruse Eric , Shah Atman P. , Nathan Sandeep , Paul Jonathan D. , Blair John E. , Ota Takeyoshi , Balkhy Husam H. , Patel Amit R. , Mor‐Avi Victor , Lang Roberto M. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundWith the increasing use of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with aortic stenosis (AS), computed tomography (CT) remains the standard for annulus sizing. However, 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been an alternative in patients with contraindications to CT. We sought to (1) test the feasibility, accuracy, and reproducibility of prototype 3DTEE analysis software (Philips) for aortic annular measurements and (2) compare the new approach to the existing echocardiographic techniques.MethodsWe prospectively studied 52 patients who underwent gated contrast CT, procedural 3DTEE, and TAVR. 3DTEE images were analyzed using novel semi‐automated software designed for 3D measurements of the aortic root, which uses multiplanar reconstruction, similar to CT analysis. Aortic annulus measurements included area, perimeter, and diameter calculations from these measurements. The results were compared to CT‐derived values. Additionally, 3D echocardiographic measurements (3D planimetry and mitral valve analysis software adapted for the aortic valve) were also compared to the CT reference values.Results3DTEE image quality was sufficient in 90% of patients for aortic annulus measurements using the new software, which were in good agreement with CT (r‐values: .89–.91) and small (<4%) inter‐modality nonsignificant biases. Repeated measurements showed <10% measurements variability. The new 3D analysis was the more accurate and reproducible of the existing echocardiographic techniques.ConclusionsNovel semi‐automated 3DTEE analysis software can accurately measure aortic annulus in patients with severe AS undergoing TAVR, in better agreement with CT than the existing methodology. Accordingly, intra‐procedural TEE could potentially replace CT in patients where CT carries significant risk.
Autoinflammatory syndromes associated with hidradenitis suppurativa and/or acne
Authors: Vinkel Caroline , Thomsen Simon F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAutoinflammatory syndromes associated with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and/or acne are rare but potentially debilitating disorders if not diagnosed and treated correctly. They share a common pathogenesis involving a dysregulated innate immune system with abnormal interleukin (IL)‐1 signaling leading to sterile neutrophilic inflammation. The clinical features are recurrent episodes of fever, painful arthritis, and skin lesions consistent with HS, acne, and pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) accompanied by elevated systemic inflammatory markers in blood. So far, several clinically different syndromes have been reported in the literature including pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and pyogenic arthritis (PAPA), pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and hidradenitis suppurativa (PASH), pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and spondyloarthritis (PASS), pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, pyogenic arthritis, and hidradenitis suppurativa (PAPASH), psoriatic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and hidradenitis suppurativa (PsAPASH), and pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and ulcerative colitis (PAC). The rarity of the syndromes complicates the establishment of evidence‐based treatment guidelines. Furthermore, treatment can be challenging due to lack of response to standard treatment modalities. Therefore, it is important to increase the awareness about these diseases in order to optimize disease management and ultimately improve the quality of life of patients.
Treatment of gonorrhoea in Auckland, New Zealand: marked variation in prescriber adherence to treatment guidelines
Authors: Forster Rose , Ng Diana , Upton Arlo , Franklin Rick , Thomas Mark 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe relentless emergence and spread of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that are resistant to many antimicrobial agents has led to frequent changes in treatment guidelines, with a consequent risk that prescribers may not be aware of current guidelines.AimTo determine the proportion of patients with gonorrhoea who were treated with a regimen consistent with the New Zealand Sexual Health Society (NZSHS) guidelines.MethodsWe audited the treatment given to adult patients with laboratory‐proven gonorrhoea in Auckland, New Zealand, during the first 6 months of 2015.ResultsTreatment compliant with the current NZSHS guidelines was administered in only 65% (458/706) episodes overall. Guideline‐compliant treatment was much more likely to be prescribed for patients who presented to a sexual health clinic (89%) than for patients who presented to either a general practice or other community clinic (52%) or to a hospital (56%) (P < 0.0001). Overall, 52 of 706 (7%) episodes were not treated with any antimicrobial regimen by the service that diagnosed the patients’ gonorrhoea, 13 of 62 (21%) episodes in patients who presented to a hospital, 34 of 403 (8%) episodes in patients who presented to a general practice or other community clinic and 5 of 241 (2%) episodes in patients who presented to a sexual health clinic (P < 0.0001).ConclusionLow levels of compliance with treatment guidelines increase the risk that antibiotic‐resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae will spread within the Auckland region. Improved compliance with treatment guidelines, particularly in patients who present either to general practice or to hospitals, is necessary to maintain the efficacy of current treatment regimens.
Association between mortality and blood pressure variability in hypertensive and normotensive elders: A cohort study
Authors: Weiss Avraham , Beloosesky Yichayaou , Koren‐Morag Nira , Grossman Alon 
Published: March 2017

To evaluate the association between blood pressure variability (BPV) and mortality in the elderly, all blood pressure measurements recorded in a cohort of individuals 65 years and older were collected and the association between BPV coefficient of variation (BPV divided by mean arterial pressure) was calculated. Mortality during a 10‐year period was compared between BPV coefficient of variation quartiles. Overall, 39 502 individuals 65 years and older were included in the analysis, of which 31 737 (80.3%) were hypertensive; 12 817 (32.4%) individuals died during the study period. Mortality was lower in the second and third blood pressure quartiles compared with the first quartile in both the normotensive and hypertensive groups. In both normotensive and hypertensive individuals, mortality was higher in the fourth quartile, but it was more pronounced in normotensive individuals (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.31 in hypertensive individuals vs odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–1.37 in normotensive individuals). High and low BPV are associated with mortality in both hypertensive and normotensive elders.
Being an organizational ‘lynchpin’: Development and validation of the core‐versus‐peripheral position scale
Authors: Jiang Lixin , Tripp Thomas M. , Probst Tahira M. 
Published: March 2017

This article explores whether holding a core organizational position – being a ‘lynchpin’ – provides employees with psychological benefits, such as higher experienced meaningfulness and affective commitment, as well as lower job insecurity and burnout. Understanding whether being in a core position leads to psychological benefits could help workers make better career choices. To this end, the purposes of this study were to provide a unified definition of core‐versus‐peripheral positions (CPP; i.e., core position is high in criticality, non‐substitutability, pervasiveness, and immediacy), as well as develop and validate a new measurement to assess CPP. In Study 1 and Study 2, we examined the factor structure and reliabilities of the CPP scale. In Study 3, we examined its convergent and discriminant validity. In Study 4, two samples were used to explore its predictive validity. Specifically, we found that criticality, non‐substitutability, pervasiveness, and immediacy predicted experienced meaningfulness, affective commitment, job insecurity, and burnout measured at a different time point. In Study 5, we demonstrated the consistency between self‐reported and other‐reported CPP. By demonstrating the benefits of being an organizational ‘lynchpin’, individual employees may consider the core‐versus‐peripheral nature of their job position before entering an organization.Practitioner points

Using the position of landscape maintenance worker as an example, the same job position might be core in one organization (a landscaping business) and peripheral in another (e.g., working as a gardener at a university). Holding all else constant, the gardener in a landscaping company might have more positive outcomes (e.g., higher experienced meaningfulness and affective commitment, and lower job insecurity and burnout) than a gardener at a university.

From the organization's perspective, managerial efforts to enhance employee well‐being and satisfaction should be focused more on those in the peripheral positions than on core positions because employees in peripheral positions are likely to experience low psychological well‐being compared to those in core positions.

In an attempt to maximize their effective operation and competitive advantages, organizations may benefit most from hiring employees with high knowledge, skills, and abilities to take on core positions.
All roads lead to weediness: Patterns of genomic divergence reveal extensive recurrent weedy rice origins from South Asian Oryza
Authors: Huang Zhongyun , Young Nelson D. , Reagon Michael , Hyma Katie E. , Olsen Kenneth M. , Jia Yulin , Caicedo Ana L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWeedy rice (Oryza spp.), a weedy relative of cultivated rice (O. sativa), infests and persists in cultivated rice fields worldwide. Many weedy rice populations have evolved similar adaptive traits, considered part of the ‘agricultural weed syndrome’, making this an ideal model to study the genetic basis of parallel evolution. Understanding parallel evolution hinges on accurate knowledge of the genetic background and origins of existing weedy rice groups. Using population structure analyses of South Asian and US weedy rice, we show that weeds in South Asia have highly heterogeneous genetic backgrounds, with ancestry contributions both from cultivated varieties (aus and indica) and wild rice. Moreover, the two main groups of weedy rice in the USA, which are also related to aus and indica cultivars, constitute a separate origin from that of Asian weeds. Weedy rice populations in South Asia largely converge on presence of red pericarps and awns and on ease of shattering. Genomewide divergence scans between weed groups from the USA and South Asia, and their crop relatives are enriched for loci involved in metabolic processes. Some candidate genes related to iconic weedy traits and competitiveness are highly divergent between some weed‐crop pairs, but are not shared among all weed‐crop comparisons. Our results show that weedy rice is an extreme example of recurrent evolution, and suggest that most populations are evolving their weedy traits through different genetic mechanisms.
Low FODMAP in 2017: Lessons learned from clinical trials and mechanistic studies
Authors: Eswaran S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGiven the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the suboptimal response to most therapeutic approaches, there has been increasing interest in and adoption of dietary treatment strategies, such as the low Fermentable Oligo‐, Di‐, & Mono‐Saccharides and Polyols (FODMAP) diet. FODMAPs are a diverse group of carbohydrates that exert effects in the gastrointestinal tract not only via fermentation but likely via alterations in the microbiota, metabolome, permeability, and intestinal immunity as well. Clinical evidence for efficacy of this diet is mounting, but there are significant questions regarding short‐ and long‐term safety and effects on the microbiota and nutrition that remain unanswered. This review article interprets the recent findings reported in this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility and summarizes the mechanistic and clinical efficacy data of the low FODMAP diet in IBS patients to date.
Red cell distribution width as a novel predictor of postoperative respiratory adverse events after adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Kozanhan Betul , Iyisoy Mehmet S. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundRespiratory adverse events are commonly observed after adenotonsillectomy in children with sleep‐disordered breathing. Preoperative prediction of these events enhances quality of care and resource management in facilities while encouraging precautions against them. Red cell distribution width, a measure of erythrocyte size variability, has recently been linked to adverse outcomes in a variety of disorders. Red cell distribution width has also been found to be associated with severity of obstructive sleep apnea in adults due to hypoxia‐mediated inflammation.AimThe objective of this study was to evaluate whether elevated red cell distribution width is associated with postoperative respiratory adverse events in children with symptoms of sleep‐disordered breathing.MethodsA prospective, observational, assessor‐blinded study was conducted with consecutive children undergoing elective adenotonsillectomy for treatment of sleep‐disordered breathing. Under general anesthesia, adenoidectomy was performed by curettage, and tonsillectomy was carried out by dissection. The primary outcome was the occurrence of an adverse event during emergence or in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU).ResultsAmong 287 patients, with mean ± sd age 7.49 ± 3.21, the frequency of respiratory complications during emergence was 62 (22.30%) and in PACU was 56 (20.14%). Mean ± sd red cell distribution width was 14.36 ± 1.06 in patients with complications and higher than that in those without complications 13.53 ± 0.59. Red cell distribution width had an adjusted odds ratio 7.28 (95% CI: 4.30–13.28) and area under the curve value 0.74 (95% CI: 0.67–0.81) to predict postoperative complications. A cutoff value for red cell distribution width was found to be 14.7.ConclusionOur study showed that preoperative elevated red cell distribution width is associated with an increased risk of respiratory adverse events in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy for sleep‐disordered breathing.