bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the urban space surrounding selected railway stations in Poland
Authors: Dragan Weronika 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
At present, many railway stations, in spite of being architecturally valuable, are subject to de-capitalization and degradation, which increasingly leads to demolition including elements or even entire railway stations of historical importance. Therefore, there arises a need to transform these facilities – as well as their nearby surroundings – into service areas not only for railway passengers but also for the consumer or tourist. This article presents an overview of the types of development of functional and spatial areas around a railway station, as well as the building itself, on selected examples in cities of Poland. In past historical periods, the surroundings of railway stations often became the new core of the studied centres, creating new urban structures. Train station forecourts, as well as access roads leading to railway stations, became specific links of railway infrastructure, the main points of which were railway stations, with the original urban layout. Unfortunately, the decline in the importance of rail transport has contributed to the recession and degradation of these spaces, and often to changes in their functions. This article refers to the concept of redevelopment of the railway station area, which emphasizes the creation of hubs integrating various modes of transport on the one hand, and transforming the area around the stations into an area of development of new business activities, on the other. Some of the discussed train stations have undergone a thorough renovation (e.g. Kraków Główny, Katowice and Poznań Główny), frequently in an attempt to allude to global trends in the commercialization of space and transport integration within station squares. However, this poses a problem and a challenge for decision-makers attempting to redevelop such facilities and the spaces associated with them.
Reliability Test Plan for the Gumbel-Uniform Distribution
Authors: Jose K. K. , Joseph Jeena 
Published: January 2018

AbstractReliability sampling plans are used for determining the acceptability of any product. In this paper, reliability sampling plans for acceptance or rejection of a lot of products submitted for inspection are developed when the lifetimes follow the Gumbel-uniform distribution. The sampling plan proposed here can save the test time in practical situations. Some tables are also provided for the new sampling plans so that this method can be used conveniently by practitioners. Operating characteristic values and minimum ratios of the true value and the required value of the parameter with a given producers risk with respect to the newly developed sampling plans are also presented. The new test plan is applied to ordered failure times of software release to illustrate its use in industrial contexts.
Meromorphic Solutions of Linear Difference Equations with Polynomial Coefficients
Authors: Zhang Y. , Gao Z. , Zhang H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe study the growth of the transcendental meromorphic solution f(z) of the linear difference equation:where q(z), p0(z), ..., pn-(z) (n ≥ 1) are polynomials such that p0(z)pn(z) ≢ 0, and obtain some necessary conditions guaranteeing that the order of f(z) satisfies σ(f) ≥ 1 using a difference analogue of the Wiman-Valiron theory. Moreover, we give the form of f(z) with two Borel exceptional values when two of p0(z), ..., pn(z) have the maximal degrees.
Anatomical Arrangement of the Subclavian Artery Branches in the Rabbit and European Hare
Authors: Maženský D. , Flešárová S. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the anatomical arrangements of the branches arising from the subclavian arteries in the domesticated rabbit and hare. The study was carried out on ten adult rabbits and ten adult European hares using the corrosion cast technique. After the euthanasia, the vascular network was perfused with saline. The arterial system of the entire body was injected by Batson’s corrosion casting kit No. 17. After polymerization of the medium, the maceration was carried out in KOH solution. The arrangement of the origins of the branches of the bilateral subclavian arteries were more variable in the hare. The number of branches arising from the subclavian artery were more regular in the rabbit on the right side and in the hare on the left side. In the rabbit, we found in two cases, the origins of the branches of the left subclavian artery from the aortic arch. The anatomical found between the rabbit and the hare may possibly be associated with their different ways of life.
Evaluation of the Genotoxic Effect of the Commercial Fungicide Tango® Super on Bovine Lymphocytes
Authors: Grajciarová M. , Holečková B. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study investigated the potential genotoxic effects of the fungicide Tango® Super using methods of conventional cytogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and detection of DNA fragmentation in bovine lymphocytes. After exposure of two donor cell cultures to several concentrations of fungicide (0.5, 3.0 and 15.0 mg.ml-1 for conventional cytogenetic analysis; 0.5 and 3.0 mg.ml-1 for FISH) we detected the insignificant occurrence of chromosome and chromatid breakages. In both donors we observed a significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) percentage with increasing concentrations of fungicide (P < 0.01; P < 0.001), which indicated a cytotoxic effect of the preparation. Electrophoretic analysis of DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes exposed to increasing concentrations (0.5; 1.5; 3.0; 6.0 and 15.0 mg.ml-1) of this preparation showed its ability to induce formation of fragments, which is a characteristic manifestation of the last stage of apoptosis.
Patterns of children’s travel to school, their body weight, spatial factors, and perceptions: A survey on nine European cities
Authors: Masoumi Houshmand E. , Zanoli Gabriele , Papageorgiou Athanasios , Smaga Soultana , Miloš Ana , van Rooijen Martin , Łuczak Monika , Komorek Joanna , Çağan Birol 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Increasing rates of body weight of children has become a motivation for investigating active transportation to school during the past years. Lack of proper data covering different geographical contexts is a problem seen in the literature of this subject. The present paper reports the findings of a recent survey on nine cities in seven European countries funded by the European Commission. The objective of the survey was to provide data covering several topics in relation with active commuting to school and body mass index, such as parental perceptions of safety and security, neighborhood facilities, land use characteristics, etc. in different regions of Europe in a way that cross-sectional comparisons between regions and city sizes is facilitated. For that, 2735 children/parents were handed out questionnaires, from whom 1424 filled out the questionnaires (response rate: 52%). This led to 1304 validated questionnaires. The respondents studied in 21 elementary schools of Foggia, Italy; Berlin, Germany; Thessaloniki, Greece; Rijeka, Croatia; Utrecht, The Netherlands; Łódź, Poland; Konstantynow, Poland; Malatya, Turkey, and Doğanşehir, Turkey as of March 2016 until January 2017. The survey instrument enables development of continuous and categorical variables for empirical research with strong focus on the built environment using the aggregate data provided by this study. It is expected that the output data eases production of knowledge about less-studied European contexts as well as cross-sectional comparison of results with more studied areas of Western Europe.
Assessing the geotourism potential of abandoned quarries with multitemporal data (České Středohoří Mts., Czechia)
Authors: Beranová Lucie , Balej Martin , Raška Pavel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Quarrying represents a major human impact on the landscape. The positive effects of quarrying have also been appreciated over the last several decades and concern the role of quarries as sites with the potential for geoscientific education and geotourism. In this paper we present a procedure for establishing a multitemporal database of abandoned quarries and their multicriterial assessment in order to determine sites suitable for geotourism purposes. The case of the České středohoří Protected Landscape Area in Northern Czechia is used, as an example of conflicting interest between nature conservation and intense quarrying. Using the combination of old maps and current orthophotomaps, we identified 80 (mid-19th Century), 57 (mid-20th Century) and 38 (2007) quarries. 104 of them were further evaluated according to criteria of scientific and educational value and ‘potential use’ value (visibility, accessibility and extent). This process enabled to determine sites with the highest suitability for geotourism purposes. Finally, we discuss management context for these sites, and possible threats to the sites caused by increased geotourism.
Synthesis, crystal structure, molecular docking studies and bio-evaluation of some N
4-benzyl-substituted isatin- 3-thiosemicarbazones as urease and glycation inhibitors
Authors: Pervez Humayun , Khan Nazia , Iqbal Jamshed , Zaib Sumera , Yaqub Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Naseer Muhammad Moazzam 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Fifteen N
4-benzyl-substituted isatin-3-thiosemicarbazones 5a–o were synthesized and evaluated for their urease and glycation inhibitory potential. Lemna aequinocitalis growth and Artemia salina assays were also done to determine their phytotoxic and toxic effects. All compounds are potent inhibitors of the urease enzyme, displaying inhibition [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)=1.08±0.12–11.23±0.19 μm] superior to that of the reference inhibitor thiourea (IC50=22.3±1.12 μm). Compounds 5c, 5d, 5h, 5j,k are potent antiglycating agents, showing glycation inhibitory activity better than that of the reference inhibitor rutin (IC50 values 209.87±0.37–231.70±6.71 vs. 294.5±1.5 μm). In the phytotoxicity assay, 11 thiosemicarbazones 5a–d, 5g, 5h, 5j–l, 5n,o are active, demonstrating 5–100% growth inhibition of L. aequinocitalis at the highest tested concentrations (1000 or 500 μg/mL). In the brine shrimp (A. salina) lethality bioassay, three derivatives 5b, 5j and 5o are active with median lethal dose (LD50) values of 3.63×10−5, 2.90×10−5 and 2.31×10−4
m, respectively.
Dimensional changes of cell wall and cell lumens upon water sorption revisited. Literature review and mathematical considerations based on the cylindrical model
Authors: Nakano Takato 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe dimensional changes of the cell wall and cell lumens are revisited based on literature data and on the mathematical cylindrical model. The external swelling ratio in the cross-section of the wood cell is considered as a function of the moisture content (MC)mfrom the point of view of the swelling ratio of the cell wall, the swelling parameterk, which is defined as the ratio of the outer variation to the cell wall thickness variation, and the cell wall densityds. The swelling behavior of the cell lumen is evaluated based on the parameterkcalculated from experimental observations, which accounts for both the swelling direction and variation degree of the lumen: the lumen radius (i) decreases atk<1, (ii) remains fixed atk=1, and (iii) increases atk>1. The derived equation was applied to 176 wood species from the literature, and it was found that 0.4<k<1.4, while in most cases 0.8<k<1.0. In other words, the lumen radius in most wood species is decreasing with water sorption. As expected, the S2 layer swelling is differently restricted in the circumferencial direction by the S1 and S3 layers with their different cell wall architecture.
Optimization of the Stainless Steel Dust Briquette Reduction Process for Iron, Chromium, and Nickel Recovery
Authors: Zhang Huining , Hui Li , Dong Jianhong , Xiong Huihui 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The recovery of iron, chromium, and nickel from stainless steel dust (SSD) has attracted considerable attention for their utilization as secondary resources in the ever-growing field of steelmaking. This paper investigates the reduction process of SSD briquettes in iron-baths in detail in order to determine the optimum processing parameters. A novel method of analysis by studying the erosion behavior of a corundum crucible was adopted to accurately calculate the recovery rate of the metals, and the effect of the parameters on the triple metals recovery rate was determined by orthogonal testing. The results show that the most important factor for the SSD briquetting process is water, followed by sucrose, carbon, and pressure. The optimum parameters of the SSD briquetting process are 13 wt% sucrose, 13 wt% water, 11 wt% carbon, and 30 MPa pressure. The compressive intensity was found to be 27.6 MPa. When a basicity of 1.6, 17% carbon, 5 wt% ferrosilicon, and 6% CaF2 were used in the SSD briquette reduction process, the triple metal recovery rate was in the range of 94 –100 %, 90 –100 %, and almost 100 %, respectively.
Automated Feedback Selection for Robot-Assisted Training
Authors: Gerig N. , Wolf P. , Sigrist R. , Riener R. , Rauter G. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Robot-assisted training can be enhanced by using augmented feedback to support trainees during learning. Efficacy of augmented feedback is assumed to be dependent on the trainee's skill level and task characteristics. Thus, selecting the most efficient augmented feedback for individual subjects over the course of training is challenging.
We present a general concept to automate feedback selection based on predicted performance improvement. As proof of concept, we applied our concept to trunkarm rowing. Using existing data, the assumption that improvement is skill level dependent was verified and a predictive linear mixed model was obtained. We used this model to automatically select feedback for new trainees. The observed improvements were used to adapt the prediction model to the individual subject. The prediction model did not over-fit and generalized to new subjects with this adaptation.
Mainly, feedback was selected that showed the highest baseline to retention learning in previous studies. By this replication of our former best results we demonstrate that a simple decision rule based on improvement prediction has the potential to reasonably select feedback, or to provide a comprehensible suggestion to a human supervisor. To our knowledge, this is the first time an automated feedback selection has been realized in motor learning.
The Accuracy and Reliability of a New Optical Player Tracking System for Measuring Displacement of Soccer Players
Authors: Mara J. , Morgan S. , Pumpa K. , Thompson K. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Recently, a novel optical player tracking system has been developed to determine positional information of athletes in a non-invasive manner. The aim of this study was to measure the accuracy and reliability of displacement estimates derived from the system. Participants completed five soccer-specific running courses at three different speeds three times each, while being filmed using the multi-camera system. The participant’s x,y field positions were determined by the optical player tracking system and displacement was estimated using Euclidean distance, and compared with real distance. On average, the difference between actual distance and estimated displacement was 0.25% (mean absolute difference = 0.79 ± 0.56m) with a slightly larger coefficient of variation during 90° turns (4.89%) when compared with straight line running (4.09%). In addition, there were strong correlations between actual distance and measured displacement (r = 0.986 – 0.988). Collectively, the typical error (0.25 – 0.36 m), typical error as a coefficient of variation (1.06 – 1.75%) and intraclass correlation coefficient (0.88 – 0.93) showed high levels of intra-operator reliability. The optical player tracking system provides accurate and reliable estimates of displacement of players on a soccer field. This system provides non-invasive position detections for players and opposition players during soccer matches.
A comparison of competitive profiles across the Spanish football leagues
Authors: Vales-Vázquez A. , Casal-López C. , Gómez-Rodríguez P. , Blanco-Pita H. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the competitive profiles across the Spanish football leagues at the present time. The final standings (n=32) and results of the matches played (n=11,122) in the 2015/2016 season were analysed. Four categories of analysis were selected: Level of competitive balance of matches, Level of compactability of team standings, Magnitude of home-field advantage effect, and Degree of openness of the matches. Using statistical procedures for the comparison of means by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Chi-Squared test, it was concluded that in the panorama of Spanish football, the men's 2nd division stands out as the Championship that corresponds to a competitive profile with greater equality and that the women's 1st division presents the most unbalanced competitive profile (p < .05). A trend was also observed that indicated that the more professionalized Championships present a higher level of competitive balance of the matches, a higher level of compactability of the team standings, and a lower degree of openness of the matches with respect to the less professionalized Championships, due to the presence of statistically significant differences (p < .05) in the set of categories analysed.
System of Integrated Energy Supply of Separate Facilities from Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Stoyanov N. , Abornev D. , Smirnov S. , Stoyanov A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The relevancy of the study is due to low efficiency of using solar and geothermal energy in the existing process schemes. In this regard, this article is aimed at revealing the possibilities of using solar and geothermal energy for the integrated energy supply of separate facilities from renewable energy sources. The mathematical simulation method based on the theory of graphs of energy system operation, which makes it possible to analyze the efficiency of the integrated use of solar and geothermal energies for the heat-cold supply of separate facilities, is the main approach to studying this problem. Energy consumption throughout the year and the emergency energy source capacity in “peak” modes were determined based on the developed mathematical model of managing the system of integrated power supply of separate facilities from renewable energy sources plotted with the use of the theory of graphs. The article materials are of practical value for the designers of the systems of integrated heat-cold supply of separate facilities.
Properties of nanocrystalline Si layers embedded in structure of solar cell
Authors: Jurečka Stanislav , Imamura Kentaro , Matsumoto Taketoshi , Kobayashi Hikaru 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Suppression of spectral reflectance from the surface of solar cell is necessary for achieving a high energy conversion efficiency. We developed a simple method for forming nanocrystalline layers with ultralow reflectance in a broad range of wavelengths. The method is based on metal assisted etching of the silicon surface. In this work, we prepared Si solar cell structures with embedded nanocrystalline layers. The microstructure of embedded layer depends on the etching conditions. We examined the microstructure of the etched layers by a transmission electron microscope and analysed the experimental images by statistical and Fourier methods. The obtained results provide information on the applied treatment operations and can be used to optimize the solar cell forming procedure.
Morphology and FT IR spectra of porous silicon
Authors: Kopani Martin , Mikula Milan , Kosnac Daniel , Gregus Jan , Pincik Emil 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The morphology and chemical bods of p-type and n-type porous Si was compared. The surface of n-type sample is smooth, homogenous without any features. The surface of p-type sample reveals micrometer-sized islands. FTIR investigation reveals various distribution of SiOxHy complexes in both p-and n-type samples. From the conditions leading to porous silicon layer formation (the presence of holes) we suggest both SiOxHy and SiFxHy complexes in the layer.
Optical properties of the plasma hydrogenated ZnO thin films
Authors: Chang Yu-Ying , Stuchlík Jiří , Neykova Neda , Souček Josef , Remeš Zdeněk 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We have optimized the deposition of the highly electrically resistive undoped (intrinsic) polycrystalline ZnO thin layers on fused silica substrates by the DC reactive magnetron sputtering of metallic zinc target in argonne/oxide atmosphere and we introduced the post-deposition hydrogen plasma doping. The thickness of thin film was evaluated by reflectance interferometry using the metallographic optical microscope fiber coupled to the CCD spectrometer operating in 400-1000 nm spectral range. The optical absorption was measured by photothermal deflection spectroscopy operating in 300-1600 nm spectral range. The change of the optical absorption edge and the increase of the infrared optical absorption was detected in hydrogenated ZnO. The increase of the infrared optical absorption goes with the increase of the electrical conductivity. We conclude that the plasma hydrogenation of the intrinsic ZnO thin films is related to increase of the free carrier concentration.
PV cells electrical parameters measurement
Authors: Cibira Gabriel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
When measuring optical parameters of a photovoltaic silicon cell, precise results bring good electrical parameters estimation, applying well-known physical-mathematical models. Nevertheless, considerable re-combination phenomena might occur in both surface and intrinsic thin layers within novel materials. Moreover, rear contact surface parameters may influence close-area re-combination phenomena, too. Therefore, the only precise electrical measurement approach is to prove assumed cell electrical parameters. Based on theoretical approach with respect to experiments, this paper analyses problems within measurement procedures and equipment used for electrical parameters acquisition within a photovoltaic silicon cell, as a case study. Statistical appraisal quality is contributed.
About complex refractive index of black Si
Authors: Pinčík Emil , Brunner Robert , Kobayashi Hikaru , Mikula Milan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The paper deals with the complex refractive index in the IR light region of two types of samples (i) as prepared black silicon, and (ii) thermally oxidized black silicon (BSi) nano-crystalline specimens produced both by the surface structure chemical transfer method using catalytic Ag evaporated spots (as prepared sample) and by the catalytic Pt catalytic mesh (thermally oxidized sample). We present, compare, and discuss the values of the IR complex refractive index obtained by calculation using the Kramers-Krönig transformation. Results indicate that small differences between optical properties of as prepared black Si and thermally oxidized BSi are given by: (i) – oxidation procedure, (ii) – thickness of the formed black Si layer, mainly, not by utilization of different catalytic metals, and by iii) the different thickness. Contamination of the surface by different catalytic metals contributes almost equally to the calculated values of the corresponding complex refractive index.