bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental occlusion ties: A rapid, safe, and non‐invasive maxillo‐mandibular fixation technology
Authors: Johnson Alan W. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesFor decades, Erich arch bars have been a standard in establishing maxillo‐mandibular fixation (MMF). While reliable, the approach risks sharps injury, consumes operating room time, and inflicts gingival trauma. Newer technologies including screw‐based techniques and “hybrid” techniques have improved MMF by reducing sharps injuries and operating room time, but risk injury to tooth roots, nerves, and gingiva. This study aims to establish the application, strengths, and limitations of dental occlusion ties as a novel alternative in maxillo‐mandibular fixation.Study DesignProspective, non‐blinded, human feasibility clinical trial.Materials and MethodsAn iterative prototyping process was used to invent dental occlusion ties (brand name: Minne Ties). Development included 3D printing, cadaver prototype testing, human apical embrasure measurement, and ultimately non‐significant risk human clinical trial testing. In the IRB‐approved feasibility clinical trial, the devices were applied to mandible and maxilla fracture candidates with fractures amenable to intra‐operative MMF with open reduction with internal fixation. The ties were removed prior to extubation. Pre‐teens, comminuted fracture patients, and patients requiring post‐operative MMF were excluded.ResultsManufactured, sterile prototypes secured MMF successfully in management of unilateral and bilateral mandible and maxilla fractures. All patients reported correction of pre‐operative malocclusion. Application times were typically 12–15 minutes for a single surgeon to achieve MMF. Patients incurred negligible gingival trauma from the technology as the ties require no tissue penetration for application.ConclusionsDental occlusion ties offer a non‐invasive solution featuring operating room efficiency, minimized sharps risk, and less bony and soft tissue trauma than current commercialized solutions.Level of EvidenceTherapeutic, IV
MRI assessment of tissue effects after 180‐W XPS greenlight laser vaporization of the prostate
Authors: Huet Romain , Mathieu Romain , Rohou Tanguy , Peyronnet Benoit , Manunta Andrea , Verhoest Gregory , Bensalah Karim , Vincendeau Sebastien 
Published: April 2017

Background and ObjectivePhotoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) is an alternative to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in the surgical management of Benign Prostate Obtruction (BPO), with a better hemostatic effect due to a coagulation depth of several millimeters. The objective of this study was to prospectively assess the tissue effects of PVP by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsFrom December to February 2014, ten patients were included in a prospective study and underwent PVP performed by a single surgeon with the Greenlight™ laser 180‐W XPS. A multiparametric MRI of the prostate (Siemens 3T Verio) was achieved the day before the procedure and post‐operatively (2 days, 7 days, 3 and 6 months after the procedure). The prostate volume after tissue removal was determined. The depth of necrosis in the prostatic and peri‐prostatic tissues were assessed at six different locations.ResultsThe median age and pre‐operative prostate volume were 70 years (64–76) and 48.1 ml (19–74.4), respectively. Median prostate volume significantly decreased post‐operatively (P < 0.001): At 6 months, median prostate volume reduction was 44.2% (38.7–49.5) (P = 0.001) compared to pre‐operative setting. Two and 7 days after the procedure, mean depths of necrosis were 2.5 mm (0–3) and 1.3 mm (0–2.4), respectively. No necrosis was reported 3 and 6 months after the procedure.ConclusionsPVP with Greenlight™ XPS 180‐W is associated with a significant reduction of prostate volume. The depth of necrosis is low and homogeneous, resulting in a limited risk of peri‐operative complications. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:577–581, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel Proton Conducting Membranes from the Combination of Sulfonated Polymers of Polyetheretherketones and Polyphosphazenes Doped with Sulfonated Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Luo Tianwei , Xu Hulin , Li Zhong , Gao Shuitao , Ouadah Amina , Zhang Zeyu , Zhang Yanxia , Wang Fang , Jing Chaojun , Zhu Changjin 
Published: April 2017

Intent on developing efficient proton exchange membranes used for direct methanol fuel cells as well as hydrogen fuel cells, a series of membranes based on sulfonated polyetheretherketone and sulfonated polyphosphazene‐graft copolymers is prepared by cross‐linking reaction because the former material has good enough mechanical property, while the latter is excellent in the proton transfer. The cross‐linked membranes combine the advantages of the two kinds of polymers. Among them, the membrane poly[(4‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)(4‐methylphenoxy)phosphazene]‐g‐poly {(styrene)11‐r‐[4‐(4‐sulfobutyloxy)styrene]33‐sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)75 (CF3‐PS11‐PSBOS33‐SPEEK75) shows a proton conductivity at 0.143 S cm−1under fully hydrated conditions at 80 °C and performs tensile strength about five times as much as did the sulfonated polyphosphazene membrane CF3‐PS11‐PSBOS33. Further doping of sulfonated single‐walled carbon nanotubes (S‐SWCNTs) into the cross‐linked membranes on the screening of additives gives composite membrane CF3‐PS11‐PSBOS33‐SPEEK75‐SWCNT possessing proton conductivity of 0.196 S cm−1, even higher than that of Nafion 117 and a tensile strength comparable to that of Nafion 117. However, this significance of the composite membrane in the proton conduction is not observed in the test with a H2/air fuel cell when it shows a maximal power density of 280 mW cm−2at 80 °C, whereas 294 mW cm−2is observed for CF3‐PS11‐PSBOS33‐SPEEK75.image
An investigation of the influence of the southern annular mode on Indian summer monsoon rainfall
Authors: Pal Jayanti , Chaudhuri Sutapa , Roychowdhury Arumita , Basu Debjani 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT:The present research was aimed at identifying the influence of the southern annular mode on the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) by investigating the inter‐annual as well as seasonal variation in the southern annular mode index (SAMI) and the ISM rainfall. It is shown that each month of the ISM is influenced by the southern annular mode of different months. The association between the June SAMI and July rainfall was found to be significant as well as important. The investigation was carried out with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset. The result shows that the monsoon rainfall anomaly is significantly and negatively correlated with the SAMI. The influence of the June SAMI is estimated with sea surface temperature (SST), horizontal wind at 850 hPa pressure level, vertical wind and moisture convergence. The result shows the existence of warm sea surface at 30 ° S during high SAMI years which is surmised to control the cross‐equatorial flow during the ISM. It was also observed that the enhanced southerly flow over the south of India is divided into two parts. The major flow is observed towards the western Arabian Sea, subsequently turning clockwise and moving towards the western part of India through the north Arabian Sea. The result further shows that an intense ascending motion from the equator to 30 ° N along the western coast coincides with the low rainfall region. These conditions may lead to an enhanced divergence zone over the western and northeastern region of India which, in turn, may result in less rainfall over India.
Documentation of atmospheric constants over Niamey, Niger: a theoretical aid for measuring instruments
Authors: Emetere Moses Eterigho , Akinyemi Marvel Lola 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe frequent failures of ground measuring devices, e.g. radiosondes, weather stations, in developing regions is worrisome. From the literature, established projects such as the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) are burdened by the same challenge. At the moment, the AERONET and AMMA databases show a large volume of data loss. With only about 47% of data available to scientists, it is evident that accurate nowcasts or forecasts cannot be guaranteed. It is proposed that the challenge is not measuring device design error but systemic, i.e. the configuration of accurate calibration constants in the compact flash card of the devices. The calibration constants of most radiosonde or weather stations are not compatible with the atmospheric conditions of the West African climate. A dispersion model was developed to incorporate salient mathematical representations such as the unified number. The unified number was derived to describe the turbulence of aerosol transport in the frictional layer of the lower atmosphere. A 14 year dataset from the Multi‐angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer was tested using the dispersion model. A yearly estimation of the atmospheric constants over Niamey using the model was obtained with about 87.5% accuracy. This further revealed that the average atmospheric constants for Niamey, Niger, are a1 = 0.77975 and a2 = 0.693021 and the tuning constants are n1 = 0.140187 and n2 = 0.759236. Also, the yearly atmospheric constants confirmed that the lower atmosphere of Niamey is very dynamic. Hence, it is recommended that radiosonde and weather station manufacturers should constantly review the atmospheric constants over a geographical location to enable about 80% data retrieval.
Responses of neonicotinoid resistant and susceptible Frankliniella fusca life stages to multiple insecticide groups in cotton
Authors: Huseth Anders S , D'Ambrosio Damon A , Kennedy George G 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDDetection of neonicotinoid resistance in populations of tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca Hinds, throughout the southeastern USA has motivated an examination of alternative insecticides to control problematic infestations on seedling cotton. The objective of this study was to refine understanding of stage‐specific mortality and reduced oviposition of several common insecticides (acephate, abamectin, cyantraniliprole, spinetoram, imidacloprid, imidacloprid+thiodicarb, thiamethoxam) on neonicotinoid resistant and susceptible F. fusca populations under laboratory and field conditions.RESULTSLaboratory studies revealed that the average number of eggs per female and larval or adult survivorship responses differed by insecticide and were dependent on the resistance status of the population. In the presence of neonicotinoids, the resistant F. fusca populations exhibited lower mortality and higher egg counts than the susceptible population. In the field study, similar patterns of oviposition suppression were observed, indicating that some insecticides may impact reproductive rate.CONCLUSIONThis study shows that insecticides have different effects on F. fusca oviposition events, larval and adult mortality that are dependent on neonicotinoid resistance status. Because insecticides tested in this study have varied activity on specific F. fusca life stages (e.g. oviposition suppression, larvicidal activity, adulticidal activity), knowledge of stage‐specific activity can be used to improve control and enhance long‐term product stewardship. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Control charts for paired differences: and Sd charts
Authors: Premarathna L.P. Nadeeka D. , Godfrey A. Jonathan R. , Govindaraju Kondaswamy 
Published: April 2017

AbstractControl chart procedures for monitoring paired variables are sparse in the literature. After considering the average run length properties of the
chart, which monitors the mean of the differences between paired variables, we propose a new chart based on Sd, the subgroup standard deviations of the differences. Our findings show that the
chart is powerful for monitoring the changes in the means and the Sd chart is suitable for monitoring changes in the covariance structure. Furthermore, we show that the
and Sd charts perform better than existing bivariate control charts for detecting shifts in mean and variance/covariance, respectively, when standards are known. The difference charts also performed well compared to common alternatives when the standards are unknown arising from a limited amount of Phase I data. An application of these difference charts in a finance context is illustrated using the returns of Apple Inc's stock and the S&P 500 index.
Chemical discrimination of lubricant marketing types using direct analysis in real time time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Maric Mark , Harvey Lauren , Tomcsak Maren , Solano Angelique , Bridge Candice 
Published: April 2017

RationaleIn comparison to other violent crimes, sexual assaults suffer from very low prosecution and conviction rates especially in the absence of DNA evidence. As a result, the forensic community needs to utilize other forms of trace contact evidence, like lubricant evidence, in order to provide a link between the victim and the assailant.MethodsIn this study, 90 personal bottled and condom lubricants from the three main marketing types, silicone‐based, water‐based and condoms, were characterized by direct analysis in real time time of flight mass spectrometry (DART‐TOFMS). The instrumental data was analyzed by multivariate statistics including hierarchal cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and linear discriminant analysis.ResultsBy interpreting the mass spectral data with multivariate statistics, 12 discrete groupings were identified, indicating inherent chemical diversity not only between but within the three main marketing groups. A number of unique chemical markers, both major and minor, were identified, other than the three main chemical components (i.e. PEG, PDMS and nonoxynol‐9) currently used for lubricant classification. The data was validated by a stratified 20% withheld cross‐validation which demonstrated that there was minimal overlap between the groupings.ConclusionsBased on the groupings identified and unique features of each group, a highly discriminating statistical model was then developed that aims to provide the foundation for the development of a forensic lubricant database that may eventually be applied to casework. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbonate clumped isotope analyses with the long‐integration dual‐inlet (LIDI) workflow: scratching at the lower sample weight boundaries
Authors: Müller Inigo A. , Fernandez Alvaro , Radke Jens , van Dijk Joep , Bowen Devon , Schwieters Johannes , Bernasconi Stefano M. 
Published: April 2017

RationaleClumped isotope analyses (Δ47) of carbonates by dual inlet (DI) mass spectrometry require long integration times to reach the necessary high precision due to the low abundance of the rare isotopologue 13C18O16O. Traditional DI protocols reach this only with large amounts of sample and/or a large number of replicates as a large portion of the analyte gas is wasted. We tested an improved analytical workflow that significantly reduces the sample sizes and total analysis time per sample while preserving precision and accuracy.MethodsWe implemented the LIDI (long‐integration dual‐inlet) protocol to measure carbonates in micro‐volume mode using a Kiel IV carbonate device coupled to a Thermo Scientific 253 Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer without the new 1013 ohm amplifier technology. The LIDI protocol includes a single measurement of the sample gas (600 s integration) followed by a single measurement of the working gas (WG) with the same integration time.ResultsThe Δ47 measurements of four calcite standards over a period of 5 weeks demonstrate excellent long‐term stability with a standard deviation of ±0.021 to ±0.025 ‰ for the final values of the individual aliquots. The Δ47 analyses of a coral, four foraminifera and a calcite precipitated in the laboratory demonstrate that 14 replicates of 90 to 120 μg are sufficient to achieve an external precision of ±0.007 ‰ (1SE) or of ±0.013 ‰ at the 95% confidence level.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that by using a Kiel IV–253 Plus system with LIDI it is possible to achieve the same analytical precision as conventional DI measurements with at least a factor of 40 less sample material. With the new 1013 ohm resistor technology there is the potential to reduce the required sample material even more. This opens new avenues of research in paleoceanography, paleoclimatology, low‐temperature diagenesis and other currently sample size limited applications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of dehydroepiandrosterone on functional innate immune responses to acute stress
Authors: Prall Sean P. , Larson Emilee E. , Muehlenbein Michael P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) responds to stress activation, exhibits anti‐glucocorticoid properties, and modulates immunity in diverse ways, yet little is known of its role in acute stress responses. In this study, the effects of DHEA and its sulfate ester DHEA‐S on human male immune function during exposure to an acute stressor is explored. Variation in DHEA, DHEA‐S, testosterone, and cortisol, along with bacterial killing assays, was measured in response to a modified Trier Social Stress test in 27 young adult males. Cortisol was positively related to salivary innate immunity but only for participants who also exhibited high DHEA responses. Additionally, DHEA positively and DHEA‐S negatively predicted salivary immunity, but the opposite was observed for serum‐based innate immunity. The DHEA response to acute stress appears to be an important factor in stress‐mediated immunological responses, with differential effects on immunity dependent upon the presence of other hormones, primarily cortisol and DHEA‐S. These results suggest that DHEA plays an important role, alongside other hormones, in modulating immunological shifts during acute stress.
Misfit of organizational and personal work standards and its longitudinal effect on physicians' depressiveness
Authors: Tanner Grit , Bamberg Eva , Kersten Maren , Kozak Agnessa , Nienhaus Albert 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe misfit of organizational and personal work standards and its relationship to health is an issue that has rarely been investigated in hospital physicians. In particular, compensatory factors for the negative effects of a misfit of organizational and personal work standards remain unknown. Our longitudinal study investigated whether autonomous experiences at work and during leisure time compensate for the effects of a misfit of organizational and personal work standards on depressive complaints. Data were collected through surveys of German hospital physicians. Two surveys were conducted with a time lag of 12 months. One hundred sixty‐one physicians participated in both surveys. To test our hypothesis, we used path analysis and controlled for autoregressive effects. The results confirmed that a misfit of organizational and personal work standards affects depressive complaints over a 12‐month period. Additionally, leisure autonomy compensates for the negative effects of misfit. Contrary to that, high levels of job autonomy were found to intensify the effects of a misfit of organizational and personal work standards. Our findings support previous research assumptions that job autonomy has the potential to add to stress. Hospitals must ensure that physicians can adequately use their job autonomy.
Natural flood management
Authors: Lane Stuart N. 
Published: April 2017

Natural flood management (NFM) has been advocated as a sustainable alternative to traditional flood management. NFM is based upon the well‐established principle that instead of locally defending floodplains from inundation, it is possible to manipulate river flow at the catchment‐scale (catchment‐based flood management, CBFM) to reduce flood inundation downstream. NFM is a subset of CBFM because the focus is on more ‘natural’ approaches to doing this, even if the associated measures may not be strictly natural. The options for doing this are classified and explained in terms of: (1) reducing the rate of rapid runoff generation on hillslopes; (2) storage of water during high river flows; and (3) slowing flow by reducing the ease of connection between runoff sources and zones of potential flood inundation. NFM is argued to have potential at certain sizes of river catchment but it is argued that there are fundamental arguments and scientific uncertainties in concluding that its potential will also apply at larger spatial scales. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1211. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1211This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Life in turbulent flows: interactions between hydrodynamics and aquatic organisms in rivers
Authors: Trinci Giuditta , Harvey Gemma L. , Henshaw Alexander J. , Bertoldi Walter , Hölker Franz 
Published: April 2017

The turbulent properties of flow in rivers are of fundamental importance to aquatic organisms yet are rarely quantified during routine river habitat assessment surveys or the design of restoration schemes due to their complex nature. In this paper, we review the two‐way interactions between aquatic biota and hydrodynamics in rivers, and key methodological approaches used in their quantification, to encourage more explicit consideration of the importance of turbulence in river science and management. We explore recent advances and issues relating to the study of these interactions in the field, laboratory and numerical modeling, the use of artificial and live biota, and different flow measurement technologies. We also review methods for the quantification of ecologically relevant turbulent flow properties, identifying key descriptors of the intensity, periodicity, orientation, and the scale of turbulent flow structures. Our analysis highlights not only the various ways in which plants and animals modify the flow field but also how this can deliver beneficial effects relating to solute exchange, food availability, oxygenation, waste removal, locomotion, and predator‐prey interactions. It also demonstrates potential threats to growth and survival relating to turbulence, including injury, dislodgement, increased energy expenditure, mortality, and complex influences on predators and prey. We conclude by identifying some remaining barriers to the integration of turbulence into the science and practice of river assessment and restoration but also opportunities in the form of controlled laboratory experimentation, increasingly sophisticated flow sensors and imaging technologies, and numerical simulation of turbulence that could advance understanding in this complex field of research. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1213. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1213This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Progress in household water insecurity metrics: a cross‐disciplinary approach
Authors: Jepson Wendy E. , Wutich Amber , Colllins Shalean M. , Boateng Godfred O. , Young Sera L. 
Published: April 2017

Despite the central importance of water for human wellbeing and development, researchers and practitioners have few tools to quantitatively measure, assess, and compare the scope and scale of household and individual water insecurity across cultural and climatic variations. There are multiple definitions of water insecurity, and the analytical tools for measuring household‐level water insecurity are in their infancy. This paper provides an overview and systematic evaluation of current household and individual water in security metrics for human development. We seek to advance micro‐level metrics—attending to the considerations of dimensionality, temporality, unit of analysis, and comparability—because they will provide the research community with necessary tools to untangle the complex determinants and outcomes of water insecurity. Moreover, such metrics will support the translation of research outcomes into meaningful and useful products and results for stakeholders, communities, and decision‐makers.WIREs Water2017, 4:e1214. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1214This article is categorized under:Human Water > Methods