bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐Transition State Bifurcation Controls Torsional Selectivity in Radical Addition of Allenes
Authors: Wu Rong‐Kai , Zhang Shuo‐Qing , Hong Xin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPost‐transition state bifurcation (PTSB) has received wide attention in the field of reaction mechanism research due to its role in producing nonstatistical reaction selectivity, which cannot be solely explained by transition state theory. Particularly, even subtle molecular motions such as bond torsion can precipitate PTSB, thereby significantly complicating the quantitative understanding of dynamic selectivity. In this work, we found that the radical addition of allenes is an elementary transformation that generally exhibits PTSB stereoselectivity, where a single radical addition transition state can lead to both Z‐ and E‐allylic radicals via the post‐transition state allylic single bond torsion. Interestingly, dynamic Z/E‐selectivity favors the Z‐allylic radicals, which contrasts the thermodynamic preference. Based on the dynamics study of twenty‐five radical additions of mono‐substituted allenes with diverse electronic and steric effects, we have identified that this dynamic stereoselectivity is synergistically controlled by the transition state structure and the differential trends within specific dimensions of the bifurcating reaction coordinates, which also holds true for di‐substituted allene substrates. This study refines the mechanism of radical addition of allenes and underscores the importance of the differential trend of the reaction coordinates in controlling dynamic selectivity, offering a deeper insight into PTSB selectivity factors.
Enantiomer Recognition by the Difference in Adsorption Rates on the Surfaces of Chiral Crystals
Authors: Belonogov Eduard , Ermolaeva Ekaterina , Zinoviev Ilya , Zhang Zhi‐hui , Guskov Vladimir 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe chirality of biopolymers remains one of the mysteries of Life. For such objects, the phenomenon of supramolecular chirality (SMC) is vital. Enantiomers can be recognized by the adsorption on surfaces with SMC. However, the mechanisms of such chiral recognition are still unknown. In this work, the adsorption kinetics of menthol test enantiomers on the surfaces of γ‐glycine and NiSO4•6H2O chiral crystals was studied. It was found that the difference in adsorption was observed in nonequilibrium state more often than in equilibrium. If the enantioselectivity in equilibrium state was observed, the enantioselectivity coefficient α at nonequilibrium conditions was higher. The maximum α in nonequilibrium state was 2.44 for γ‐glycine crystals and 2.12 for NiSO4•6H2O crystals. Even if no differences in adsorption were observed under adsorption–desorption equilibrium conditions, a significant enantioselectivity at nonequilibrium conditions was found. This has proved the possibility of chiral recognition on surfaces with SMC by the differences in adsorption rates. Such novel chiral recognition mechanism can provide enhanced enantioselectivity in adsorption, catalysis, chromatographic separation, and chemical sensing.
The Impact of Body Mass Index on the Mortality of Myocardial Infarction Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries
Authors: Dong Chaohui , Kacmaz Mustafa , Schlettert Clara , Abumayyaleh Mohammad , Akin Ibrahim , Hemetsberger Rayyan , Mügge Andreas , Aweimer Assem , Hamdani Nazha , El‐Battrawy Ibrahim 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesMyocardial infarction without significant stenosis or occlusion of the coronary arteries carries a high risk of recurrent major adverse cardiovascular events and poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between body mass index and outcomes in patients with a suspected myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA).MethodsPatients were recruited at Bergmannsheil University Hospital from January 2010 to April 2021. The primary outcomes were in‐hospital and long‐term mortality. Secondary outcomes consisted of adverse events during hospitalization and during follow‐up.ResultsA total of 373 patients were included in the study, with a mean follow‐up time of 6.2 years. The patients were divided into different BMI groups: < 25 kg/m² (n = 121), 25−30 kg/m² (n = 140), and > 30 kg/m² (n = 112). In‐hospital mortality was 1.7% versus 2.1% versus 4.5% (p = 0.368). However, long‐term mortality tended to be higher in the < 25 kg/m² group compared to the 25−30 and > 30 kg/m² groups (log‐rank p = 0.067). Subgroup analysis using Kaplan−Meier analysis showed a higher rate of cardiac cause of death in the < 25 kg/m² group compared to the 25−30 and > 30 kg/m² groups: 5.7% versus 1.1% versus 0.0% (log‐rank p = 0.042). No significant differences were observed in other adverse events between the different BMI groups during hospitalization and long‐term follow‐up.ConclusionsPatients with a BMI < 25 kg/m² who experience a suspected myocardial infarction without significant coronary artery disease may have higher all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular cause of death. However, further data are needed to confirm these findings.
Flavonol‐Ruthenium Complexes as Antioxidant and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Wu Ting‐Wei , Chu Yi‐Cheng , Chang Chuan‐Hsin , Hsieh Yu‐Hui , Tang Mei‐Hsin , Hsu Pei‐Hsuan , Wu Hsin‐Ying , Chen Jih‐Jung , Shih Tzenge‐Lien 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFlavonol‐metal complexes can enhance the biological activity of flavonols. Inspired by the potential of ruthenium‐based drugs in pharmaceutical applications, seven flavonol‐Ru (II) complexes were synthesized to evaluate their biological activities. Among these compounds, compounds 8, 11, and 12 showed potent antioxidant activities. Compound 12 exhibited superior anti‐inflammatory activity to natural quercetin, which served as a positive control. This study is the first to report the free radical scavenging abilities and antioxidant activity of flavonol‐Ru (II) complexes. Furthermore, compound 12 demonstrated comparable efficacy to 5‐FU against human non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells (A549). These results strongly support the potential of flavonol‐Ru (II) agents.
Biomimetic Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Jiang Tiantian , Zhan Yiduo , Ding Jiayao , Song Zheming , Zhang Yijing , Li Jingchao , Su Ting 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNanoparticles can enhance drugs accumulating at the tumor site and hold tremendous promise for achieving effective tumor treatment. However, due to the complexity of cancer heterogeneity and suppressive tumor microenvironment, the delivery of traditional nanoparticles has poor infiltration and off‐target effects, making it difficult to control the drug release rate and causing off‐target toxicity. In recent years, cell membrane‐coated biomimetic nanoparticles have been developed, which have both the natural characteristics of biomembranes and the physical characteristics of traditional nanoparticles, thus improving the homologous targeting ability of nanoparticles to tumor cells and better biocompatibility. In this paper, we reviewed the application of single cell membrane and hybrid cell membrane‐coated biomimetic nanoparticles in the integration for tumor diagnosis and treatment. We talked about the preparation methods of cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles, the targeting mechanisms, and the effects of imaging and therapeutic outcomes of different cell membrane‐coated biomimetic nanoparticles in detail. Finally, we discussed the existing problems and prospects of cell membrane‐coated biomimetic nanomaterials.
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome 1 expression in breast and nonbreast metastases from Müllerian, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreatic primary tumors by immunohistochemistry with cytology cell block specimens
Authors: Donthi Deepak , Gan Qiong , Ding Qing Qing , Krishnamurthy Savitri 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundTrichorhinophalangeal syndrome 1 (TRPS1) expression in primary breast and other solid tumors has been investigated but its role as a marker in metastatic tumors is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of TRPS1 as a breast cancer immunomarker in metastatic tumors that originated from breast, Müllerian, lung, gastrointestinal (GI), and pancreatic primary tumors with cell blocks from fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and effusion specimens.MethodsCell blocks were immunostained with anti‐TRPS1 monoclonal antibody (clone EPR16171). Histochemical scores (H scores) (proportion × intensity; range, 0–300) were assigned; H scores of ≥10 were considered positive. Overall, 160 specimens were examined, including 127 FNAs (35 breast, 25 Müllerian, 36 lung, and 31 GI and pancreatic carcinomas) and 33 effusion specimens (18 breast, 12 Müllerian, one lung, and two GI carcinomas).ResultsTRPS1 was positive in 51 of 53 (96%) metastatic breast carcinomas and in 28 of 107 (26.2%) nonbreast metastatic tumors. Metastatic breast carcinoma showed the highest mean H score of 247.35, compared to 45.36 in Müllerian, 8.4 in lung, and 5.88 in GI tumors. The sensitivity and specificity of TRPS1 for identifying a breast origin in metastatic tumors was 96.22% and 72.89%, respectively.ConclusionsDespite high overall sensitivity, TRPS1 showed lower specificity as a breast immunomarker because of its expression in nonbreast tumors. The mean H score in nonbreast tumors was significantly lower than in metastatic breast tumors. It is important to recognize the broad range of expression of TRPS1 in metastatic breast and nonbreast tumors to avoid an incorrect determination of a metastatic tumor’s organ of origin.
Performance enhancement in hybrid SDN using advanced deep learning with multi‐objective optimization frameworks under heterogeneous environments
Authors: Bishla Deepak , Kumar Brijesh 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe growth of software‐defined networking (SDN) enhances network strength and provides flexible routing, especially in heterogeneous environments. Hence, an efficient framework is required for recent networks. Recently, hybrid SDN with the restricted deployment of SDN switches has been integrated with a conventional network that provides improved communication performance compared to traditional SDN systems. However, the recent hybrid SDNs lack effective link protection and optimal routing when used with complex topologies. Hence, this study presents a novel deep learning–based hybridized multi‐stacked autoencoder with the duo‐directed gated recurrent unit (MSAE‐DDGRU) for automatic link failure prediction in hybrid SDN. Moreover, a multi‐objective zebra optimizer (MO‐ZeO) is introduced to perform optimal routing by solving multiple routing constraints. The developed study is processed with the Python platform, and publicly available GEANT topology is utilized for the whole experimental process. Various assessment measures like accuracy, precision, sensitivity, packet loss, cost, maximum link utilization (MLU), policy violation rates (PVRs), packet delivery ratio (PDR), and delay are analyzed and compared with existing studies. The developed technique achieved an accuracy of 96%, precision of 92%, sensitivity of 93%, PDR of 99.4%, PVR of 0.0005, and delay of 1.2 s are obtained.
Dual‐port circular patch antenna array: Enhancing gain and minimizing cross‐polarization for mm‐wave 5G networks
Authors: Ghosh Sourav , Baghel Gaurav Singh , Swati M. V. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThis paper presents the design and performance evaluation of a single‐layer, high‐gain, millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave), corporate–series‐fed, 16‐element circular patch array antenna tailored for the 28 GHz frequency band, pertinent to fifth‐generation (5G) wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna configuration employs a dual‐port feeding technique, where consecutive junction patches are interconnected with two separate feed networks. By simultaneously exciting the two ports with identical amplitude but opposite phases, the antenna achieves high gain directed towards the broadside. The proposed structure is fabricated on a grounded substrate, enabling accurate performance measurement of the prototype. Close agreement between simulated and measured results validates the precision of the designed structure. The measured performance of the proposed antenna configuration demonstrates an impedance bandwidth of 3.79% within the desired frequency band of 27.6‐28.7 GHz for S11 ≤ −10 dB. Experimental measurements demonstrated that the mutual coupling between the two distinct ports is <−30 dB, with a diversity gain exceeding 9.99 dB. Simulated radiation efficiency exceeds 90% at the 28 GHz center frequency, while the measured peak gain approaches 17.7 dBi. Measured stable radiation plots specify that the proposed array exhibits broadside patterns with half‐power beamwidths (HPBWs) of 30.4° and 11.3°, sidelobe levels (SLLs) below −25 and −10 dB, and cross‐polarization levels <−25 dB in both the E and H planes, respectively. The superior performance characteristics of the proposed array antenna make it well‐suited for 28 GHz mm‐wave 5G applications, facilitating efficient and reliable long‐range communication in the mm‐wave spectrum.
Birds in arid regions have depauperate louse communities: Climate change implications?
Authors: Bush Sarah E. , Waller Matthew M. , Davis Kyle M. , Clayton Sonora F. , Clayton Dale H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnvironmental factors such as temperature and humidity influence the distribution of free‐living organisms. As climates change, the distributions of these organisms change along with their associated parasites, mutualists and commensals. Less studied, however, is the possibility that environmental conditions may directly influence the distribution of these symbionts even if the hosts are able to persist in altered environments. Here, we investigate the diversity of parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) on birds in arid Utah compared to the humid Bahamas. We quantified the parasite loads of 500 birds. We found that the prevalence, abundance and richness of lice was considerably lower among birds in Utah, compared to the Bahamas, despite sampling greater host taxonomic richness in Utah. Our data suggest that as climates change, birds in arid regions will have less diverse louse communities over time, potentially relieving birds of some of the cost of controlling these ectoparasites. Conversely, birds in more humid regions will see an increase in louse diversity, which may require them to invest more time and energy in anti‐parasite defense. Additional research with other ectoparasites of birds and mammals across different environmental conditions is needed to more fully understand how climate change may reshape parasite communities, and how these changes could influence their hosts.
Effect of Terraces and Rainfall on Water and Soil Loss in Pinus tabulaeformis Plantations in the Semiarid Loess Hilly Region of China
Authors: Huang Yue , Wei Wei , Chen Shengnan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe Loess Plateau is one of the most severely eroded areas in the world. A series of ecological measures (e.g., terracing, afforestation and reforestation) have been implemented to rehabilitate the environment. However, consecutive field observations are still inadequate regarding the benefits of eco‐measures on erosion reductions. In this study, surface runoff and soil loss were monitored at the plots of Pinus tabulaeformis with two different terraces and natural slope, including fish scale pits with Pinus tabulaeformis (F–P.t), control slope (natural slope) with Pinus tabulaeformis (C–P.t) and zig terraces with Pinus tabulaeformis (Z–P.t) in the growing season of 2015–2021. Results showed that terraces played a key role in reducing water and soil loss compared to natural slopes. The zig terraces had the greatest runoff and soil loss reduction benefits (43.38% and 67.75%, respectively). Maximum runoff and sediment occurred under the rainfall with high intensity and short duration. Runoff depth was better explained by rainfall depth and rainfall duration compared to soil loss rate. Compared with the natural slope, the degree of explanation of multiple regression models for terrace plots dropped to 36.1%–41.2% for runoff depth and declined to 12.7%–19.5% for soil erosion rate. This study revealed that different terracing measures with afforestation can effectively contribute to soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau of China. The combination of zig terraces and P. tabulaeformis is recommended as it has the best potential for improving the micro‐topography, storing rainfall and decreasing soil erosion. These results can help evaluate ecological restoration projects on the Loess Plateau and provide a scientific basis for the implementation of terracing projects in similar areas.
The power of many: Multilevel targeting of representative chemokine and metabolite GPCRs in personalized cancer therapy
Authors: Inverso Donato , Tacconi Carlotta , Ranucci Serena , De Giovanni Marco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are vital cell surface receptors that govern a myriad of physiological functions. Despite their crucial role in regulating antitumor immunity and tumorigenesis, therapeutic applications targeting GPCRs in oncology are currently limited. This review offers a focused examination of selected protumorigenic chemokine and metabolite‐sensing GPCRs. Specifically, the review highlights five GPCRs able to orchestrate tumor immunobiology at three main levels: tumor immunity, cancer cell expansion, and blood vessel development. The review culminates by illuminating emerging therapies and discussing innovative strategies to harness the full potential of GPCR‐targeted treatments, by applying a multireceptor and patient‐specific logic.
Synthesis parameters and formulation of metakaolin based geopolymer matrix composites for high‐temperature applications (1150°C)
Authors: Cligny Quentin , Hyvernaud Eloise , Gharzouni Ameni , Brandt Damien , Rossignol Sylvie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGeopolymer matrix composites (GMCs) are actively being developed for high‐temperature applications. In this work, we investigated different composite preparation parameters, such as the elaboration conditions (time, temperature and pressure) and composite dimensions (number of folds and surface area). In addition, we studied the effect of alkali cations (NaK or K), on metakaolin based geopolymer matrix composition, and textile type (N312, N610) of the composites on fiber–matrix interactions in high‐temperature geopolymer composites and their flexural behavior. The process we ultimately selected was as follows: an 8.5‐fold composite of surface area 100 cm2 was pressed for 2 h at 120°C. After thermal treatment at 1150°C, composites containing the N312 textile with B2O3 showed greater heterogeneity, viscous flow and lower flexural strength (7 MPa) due to fiber–matrix interactions. In contrast, above 1150°C, composites with the N610 textile had no fiber–matrix interactions and showed greater flexural strength (51 MPa). The specific flexural strength correlated well with the overmodifying element ratio based on the composite composition. In fact, the presence of viscous flow suggested that boron and some aluminum atoms could act as network modifiers. Thus, the two ratios were or depending on the presence of viscous flow.
A smart and sustainable framework resolving safety and ergonomics issues in underground mining: A review and insight for future scenario
Authors: Tripathi Varun , Patwal Rituraj Singh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMining was considered as a dangerous job which has now turned into much safer employment with the development of automation and communication techniques in mines. In mining, the equipment, tools, and techniques have changed significantly and continue to transform. This review work explores numerous such emerging problems and opportunities in different mining circumstances. The occupational safety and health management methods, as well as risk control technology allied with the mining industry, includes day‐to‐day management of operations, identification and assessment of risks, premature warning and active risk monitoring, etc. The research work in the safe and sustainable environment reveals that the major accidents occur due to natural calamity, human error, the control of which would ensure a sustainable and safe working environment for miners to a considerable extent. The present study proposed a smart and sustainable framework for a safe and clean environment for emerging safety and ergonomics issues through automated mining concept. The proposed framework has been developed by reviewing the previous research work related to mine safety, mine hazard, health, ergonomic issues, and mine automation.
Imbrication fabric as a diagnostic feature for the genetic classification of gravels deposited by fluid‐gravity versus sediment‐gravity subaerial flows
Authors: Brenna Andrea , Martini Ivan , Menapace Luca , Surian Nicola , Ventra Dario , Ghinassi Massimiliano 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGravel transport in subaerial environments occurs through different flows that are conveniently classified as debris flows, debris floods and water flows based on their distinct morpho‐sedimentary dynamics and different implications for geomorphic hazard. Because distinctive features allowing gravelly sedimentary bodies to be ascribed to related genetic process are still a matter of discussion, this study aims to establish whether imbrication fabric represents a sedimentological fingerprint potentially applicable towards a more robust genetic classification of gravels. We analysed the fabric of 1007 imbricated clasts from modern and ancient deposits. Our results highlight statistically significant differences between imbrication fabrics in gravels deposited by different flows. Particles imbricated by water flows are typified by low imbrication angles (median of 35°) and elongated clasts oriented perpendicular to the flow. In contrast, debris‐flow gravels exhibit high imbrication angles (median of 65°) and elongated clasts oriented parallel to the flow. Debris‐flood deposits display elongated clasts both parallel and transverse to the main flow and intermediate values of imbrication angle (median of 47°). We propose that imbrication angles result from the combination of stability‐driven selection—a process acting under tractional transport and promoting the remobilization of high‐angle imbrication fabrics—and shear‐stress‐driven overriding—a mechanism leading to the formation of the higher imbrication angles—with the first dominating in water flows and the latter being effective in mass transport processes. The progressive change in imbrication fabrics from fluid‐gravity to sediment‐gravity flow deposits offers easily quantifiable sedimentological evidence to help in distinguishing genetic processes that contribute to the accumulation of gravels in alluvial and colluvial settings. Analysis of imbrication fabric can add valuable information, particularly as regards the classification of (1) coarse deposits in stratigraphic records and (2) modern debris flood deposits.