bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pointwise observation of the state given by parabolic system with boundary condition involving multiple time delays
Authors: Kowalewski Adam 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Various optimization problems for linear parabolic systems with multiple constant time delays are considered. In this paper, we consider an optimal distributed control problem for a linear parabolic system in which multiple constant time delays appear in the Neumann boundary condition. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique solution of the parabolic equation with the Neumann boundary condition involving multiple time delays are proved. The time horizon T is fixed. Making use of the Lions scheme [13], necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality for the Neumann problem with the quadratic cost function with pointwise observation of the state and constrained control are derived.
Ultrastructural Changes in the Cyclic Corpus Luteum of Dairy Cows with Different Body Condition
Authors: Pivko Juraj , Makarevich V. Alexander , Kubovičova Elena , Rafay Jan , Chrenek Peter 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to define ultrastructural changes in the ovarian cyclic corpus luteum (CL) of dairy cows with different body condition score (BCS, a 5-point scale). The ovaries were recovered from slaughtered Holstein cows of BCS1 (emaciation; n= 4), BCS2 (tendency to emaciation; n=4), BCS3 (average body condition; n= 4), BCS4 (tendency to fattening; n=4) and BCS5 (fattening; n=4). Average ages of cows were: 6.2, 4.1, 5.7, 5.5 and 6.36 years for BCS1, BCS2, BCS3, BCS4 and BCS5, respectively. For electron microscopy, functioning CL at the mid-luteal phase were fixed in the aldehyde solution and post-fixed in 1% OsO4 solution. For lipid visualization the samples were soaked in 1% p-phenylenediamine solution in acetone. Durcupan ultrathin sections (90 nm) were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and viewed under Jeol transmission electron microscope. Occurrence of cell organelles was determined by counting the relative volume of individual cellular components using the modified universal test network. Luteal regression of cyclic CL was characterized by atrophy of lutein cells, condensation of organelles and cytoplasmic inclusions, increase in relative volumes of vacuoles, lysosomes, peroxisomes, autophagosomes and lipids. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among BCS1, BCS2, BCS4 and BCS5 cows in the occurrence of lipids, vacuoles, lysosomes and autophagosomes in the lutein cells compared to BCS3 cows. Cows with BCS2 or BCS1 had higher relative volume of lipid droplets, whilst the BCS4 or BCS5 cows had increased occurrence (relative volume) of vacuoles, lysosomes, peroxisomes and autolysosomes. These results show that luteolysis of cyclic CL of cows has different patterns in each BCS group; in the emaciated and fattened cows luteolysis starts earlier than in cows with average body condition.
The Brezis–Oswald Result for Quasilinear Robin Problems
Authors: Fragnelli Genni , Mugnai Dimitri , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this paper we consider a nonlinear elliptic problem driven by a nonhomogeneous differential operator with Robin boundary conditions. We produce conditions on the reaction term near

0
+

${0^{+}}$

and near

+
∞

${+\infty}$

, which imply the existence and uniqueness of a positive solution. In the particular case of equations driven by the p-Laplacian, we show that these conditions are also necessary, extending in this way the semilinear Dirichlet work of Brezis and Oswald [5].
Bürgerlichkeit und Konversionen in jüdischen Familien in Hamburg am Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Braden Jutta 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article deals with conversions to Christianity in the Jewish families Mendel, Haller and Oppenheimer (and related families like Heine and Heckscher) in early nineteenth century Hamburg. The focus of interest is the connection between acculturation and conversion in these families who belonged to the small elite of wealthy merchants and bankers in the Jewish community of Hamburg. Born in the 1770s, the parent generation of these families was obviously educated according to bourgeois standards. They shaped their own family life in the same way, attaching, great importance, for example, to an acculturated education for their children. Although highly alienated from Judaism, no members of the parent generation converted in order to gain for themselves the advantage of emancipation; some remained true to Judaism and some converted in later periods of their lives. But most of the children of these families converted, frequently in order to marry a born or newly-converted Christian.
Female athletes and health
Authors: Malara Marzena , Lutosławska Grażyna 
Published: June 2016

Summary
It is well documented that regular physical activity has a beneficial effect on human health by affecting the metabolic processes that are of fundamental importance in the body’s functions, such as insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal, as well as lipid and lipoprotein turnover. On the other hand, there is a wealth of studies which indicate that strenuous, regular physical activity, such as that performed by high performance athletes, may be detrimental for the athletes’ health especially in women. This review focuses on the factors that contribute to health problems in female athletes, named the female athlete triad, which includes excessive dieting, menstrual dysfunctions (anovulatory menstrual cycles, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea) and a low bone mineral density (BMD). As a result of these factors, women who participate in sports, especially those focused on leanness, need special attention and education from health professionals, coaches and the athletes themselves to prevent the detrimental effects of an inadequate energy supply against high energy demands.
When Urban Planning Doctrine Meets Low Density Countryside
Authors: Sireni Maarit 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Drawing on an empirical analysis of Finnish local policy-makers’ views on land use planning aims in rural areas, this paper investigates local responses to the new national planning regulations set out by the Government. According to the new norms, a dense settlement structure should be promoted not only in urban centres but also in rural areas in order to curb climate change and improve the viability of communities. Based on the data obtained from an internet-based survey conducted by a regional newspaper in western Finland before municipal elections in 2008 and 2012, this paper shows that the majority of the local policy-makers challenge the new norms. They do not believe that sustainable development can be promoted by constraining building rights in the rural region characterised by a dispersed settlement structure.
Restricted enveloping algebras whose skew and symmetric elements are Lie metabelian
Authors: Siciliano Salvatore , Usefi Hamid 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Let L be a restricted Lie algebra over a field of characteristic

p
>
2

${p>2}$

and denote by

u
⁢

(
L
)

${u(L)}$

its restricted enveloping algebra.
We establish when the symmetric or skew elements of

u
⁢

(
L
)

${u(L)}$

under the principal involution are Lie metabelian.
Preparation of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) from two types of electrospun lignin fibers
Authors: You Xiangyu , Duan Junlei , Koda Keiichi , Yamada Tatsuhiko , Uraki Yasumitsu 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Electrodes has been prepared for application in an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) based on polyethylene glycol lignin (PEGL) and soda lignin (SL) derived from cedar wood. Fibers with a diameter of 23 μm were prepared by direct melt electrospinning of PEGL. Much finer fibers of 3.6 μm diameter were obtained by dry electrospinning of 70% PEGL in a dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution at 145°C. The dry electrospinning of SL alone in an alkaline aqueous solution was not achievable, but this was possible of a mixture of SL and polyethylene glycol (Mw=500 000) at a ratio of 99/1, which resulted in thin SL fibers with a diameter of 0.85 μm. These fibers were converted into activated carbon fibers (ACFs) by thermostabilization, carbonization, and steam activation. The specific Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface areas of the resulting PEGL-ACFs and SL-ACFs were 1880 m2 g-1 and 1411 m2 g-1, respectively. PEGL-ACFs electrodes with an organic electrolyte exhibited an impedance of 1.6 Ω and a specific capacitance of 92.6 F g-1 at a scan rate of 1 A g-1, and the SL-ACFs electrodes had an impedance and specific capacitance of 4.5 Ω and 55.6 F g-1, respectively.
A comparison of static and dynamic measures of lower limb joint angles in cycling: application to bicycle fitting
Authors: Bini Rodrigo Rico , Hume Patria 
Published: June 2016

PurposeConfiguration of bicycle components to the cyclist (bicycle fitting) commonly uses static poses of the cyclist on the bicycle at the 6 o’clock crank position to represent dynamic cycling positions. However, the validity of this approach and the potential use of the different crank position (e.g. 3 o’clock) have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study compared lower limb joint angles of cyclists in static poses (3 and 6 o’clock) compared to dynamic cycling.MethodsUsing a digital camera, right sagittal plane images were taken of thirty cyclists seated on their own bicycles mounted on a stationary trainer with the crank at 3 o’clock and 6 o’clock positions. Video was then recorded during pedalling at a self-selected gear ratio and pedalling cadence. Sagittal plane hip, knee and ankle angles were digitised.ResultsDifferences between static and dynamic angles were large at the 6 o’clock crank position with greater mean hip angle (4.9 ± 3°), smaller knee angle (8.2 ± 5°) and smaller ankle angle (8.2 ± 5.3°) for static angles. Differences between static and dynamic angles (< 1.4°) were trivial to small for the 3 o’clock crank position.ConclusionsTo perform bicycle fitting, joint angles should be measured dynamically or with the cyclist in a static pose at the 3 o’clock crank position.
Mesopotamian Scholarship: Kassite to Late Babylonian Periods
Authors: Lenzi Alan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article surveys scholarship and inquiry in ancient Mesopotamia from the middle of the second millennium BCE until the Common Era. After an overview of the source material, the article explores scribal authority, the organization of their textual materials, their interpretive practices, and epistemology. The conclusion offers thoughts about current debates and the trajectory of future studies.
Modelling of Uncertainty and Bi–Variable Maps
Authors: Nánásiová Ol’ga , Pykacz Jarosław 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The paper gives an overview and compares various bi-varilable maps from orthomodular lattices into unit interval. It focuses mainly on such bi-variable maps that may be used for constructing joint probability distributions for random variables which are not defined on the same Boolean algebra.
Performance Enhancement of Organic Light–Emitting Diodes Using Electron–Injection Materials of Metal Carbonates
Authors: Shin Jong-Yeol , Kim Tae Wan , Kim Gwi-Yeol , Lee Su-Min , Shrestha Bhanu , Hong Jin-Woong 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Performance of organic light-emitting diodes was investigated depending on the electron-injection materials of metal carbonates (Li2CO3 and Cs2CO3 ); and number of layers. In order to improve the device efficiency, two types of devices were manufactured by using the hole-injection material (Teflon-amorphous fluoropolymer -AF) and electron-injection materials; one is a two-layer reference device ( ITO/Teflon-AF/Alq3/Al ) and the other is a three-layer device (ITO/Teflon-AF/Alq3/metal carbonate/Al). From the results of the efficiency for the devices with hole-injection layer and electron-injection layer, it was found that the electron-injection layer affects the electrical properties of the device more than the hole-injection layer. The external-quantum efficiency for the three-layer device with Li2CO3 and Cs2CO3 layer is improved by approximately six and eight times, respectively, compared with that of the two-layer reference device. It is thought that a use of electron-injection layer increases recombination rate of charge carriers by the active injection of electrons and the blocking of holes.
On the Christensen–Wang bounds for the ghost number of a p-group algebra
Authors: Altunbulak Aksu Fatma , Green David J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Christensen and Wang give conjectural upper and lower bounds for the ghost number of the group algebra of a p-group. We apply results of Koshitani and Motose on the nilpotency index of the Jacobson radical to prove the upper bound and most cases of the lower bound.
Sequential subspace optimization for nonlinear inverse problems
Authors: Wald Anne , Schuster Thomas 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this work we discuss a method to adapt sequential subspace optimization (SESOP), which has so far been developed for linear inverse problems in Hilbert and Banach spaces, to the case of nonlinear inverse problems. We start by revising the technique for linear problems. In a next step, we introduce a method using multiple search directions that are especially designed to fit the nonlinearity of the forward operator. To this end, we iteratively project the initial value onto stripes whose width is determined by the search direction, the nonlinearity of the operator and the noise level. We additionally propose a fast algorithm that uses two search directions. Finally, we will show convergence and regularization properties for the presented method.
Concomitant treatment with imipenem causes a rapid and extensive decrease in the plasma concentrations of valproic acid
Authors: Keränen Tapani , Kuusisto Hanna 
Published: June 2016

Summary
Background. Valproic acid (VPA) is a wide-spectrum antiepileptic drug used both in children and in adults. We describe a clinically important interaction between VPA and imipenem, a carbapenem antimicrobial.
Case presentation. Our patient was a 19-year-old man with childhood onset of mental retardation and severe epilepsy. He was hospitalized due to pneumonia. His antiepileptic drugs, including VPA, were administered intravenously. Due to pneumonia, intravenously administered imipenem was started. After the start of imipenem treatment, a dramatic decrease in the plasma concentrations of VPA occurred within 24 hours. After the discontinuation of imipenem treatment, the concentration of VPA recovered within a few hours. The decrease in VPA levels was associated with increased seizure frequency.
Conclusions. The time course of the VPA-imipenem interaction suggests that mechanisms other than a change in the enzymatic elimination of VPA is the cause for this pharmacokinetic interaction. Concomitant use of VPA and imipenem should be avoided.
The Relationship between Mathematics Teachers’ Teaching Approaches and 9th Grade Students’ Mathematical Self
Authors: Briede Liene 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between the teaching approach adopted by mathematics teachers and their 9th grade students’ mathematical self. The study searched for the answers to three research questions: 1) the approaches prevailing in mathematics teachers’ beliefs about effective teaching and self-reports about their classroom practices, 2) the qualitative and quantitative features of students’ mathematical self and 3) the relationships between the teaching approaches supported by mathematics teachers, the indicators of their 9th grade students’ mathematical self, teachers’ sociodemographic indicators, and students’ socio-demographic indicators. The outcomes of the study show that because of the complex structure of the phenomena, it is difficult to classify mathematics teachers’ beliefs on teaching and their self-reported practice into theoretically predefined groups though the use of constructivism in a lesson has a more positive influence on students’ mathematical self than mere support of the constructivist beliefs.
Twenty-first Century Education: Transformative Education for Sustainability and Responsible Citizenship
Authors: Bell David V. J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Many ministries of education focus on twenty-first century education but unless they are looking at this topic through a sustainability lens, they will be missing some of its most important elements. The usual emphasis on developing skills for employability in the current global economy begs the question whether the global economy is itself sustainable over the course of this century. According to the World Business Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD) whose membership comprises 29 of the largest, most important companies on the planet, it is not. Continuing on the current development path would require approximately 2.3 planets earth to support existing levels of resource and energy use, and waste production, projected out for a global population which will reach 9 billion by 2050. And yet most discussions of 21st century education are premised on servicing, rather than transforming, the current global economy.
This paper explores the opportunities and benefits of connecting the discourse on twentyfirst century education with Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) which seeks to prepare learners for the varied and interrelated environmental, social, and economic challenges they will meet as they confront a changing world. ESD emphasizes futures thinking and strategic planning that will enable learners to help create and flourish in a more sustainable economy. Conventional teaching models must also shift to a “transformative” style of education for the twenty-first century in order for humankind to learn how to live more sustainably on this planet.
A Theory of Critical Junctures for Democratization: A Comparative Examination of Constitution-Making in Egypt and Tunisia
Authors: Jamal Amal , Kensicki Anna 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Most studies on constitution-making emphasize how cultural and institutional characteristics independently impact successful democratic transitions. This article proposes a new approach to theorizing this process, positing that the character of institutional and cultural elements and the relationships between them give rise to a unique temporal and political context called a critical juncture, with qualities and characteristics that place some states on trajectories toward success and others toward failure. By analyzing and comparing the events surrounding the Egyptian and Tunisian transitions, we demonstrate how the placement of these institutional and cultural elements put Tunisia on the path to democratization and led Egypt inevitably toward autocracy. The findings show that, where these junctures fail to instill civic ideals and avenues for all parties’ participation, the political environment becomes uninhabitable for successful transition.
The Impact of Classroom Games on the Acquisition of Second Language Grammar
Authors: Bush Jerome C. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
While games are a common classroom activity, not much empirical evidence supports the use of games in L2 grammar classrooms for late teens and adults. This intervention study focused on 34 Turkish learners of English as a second language. The intervention group was exposed to three class period of games, while the comparison group had three class periods of traditional instruction (e.g. worksheets and whiteboard explanations). A pre-test, a post-test, and a delayed post-test were given. T-tests were performed on the scores from each test and a mixed (with-subject and between group) ANOVA was conducted. Additionally a survey was conducted to determine the experience of the students. Results of the statistical analyses were not significant, but the students reported being motivated by the games. It is recommended that teachers use games in their grammar classrooms about once a week.
Triorganotin carboxylates – synthesis and crystal structure of 2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium catena-O,O′-oxalatotriphenylstannate
Authors: Diop Mouhamadou Birame , Diop Libasse , Plasseraud Laurent , Cattey Hélène 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The reaction of bis(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) oxalate, [C4H7N2]2[C2O4], and bis(triphenyltin) oxalate, [(Ph3Sn)2(C2O4)], in methanol at room temperature yielded the formation of 2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium catena-O,O′-oxalatotriphenylstannate, [C4H7N2][Ph3Sn(C2O4)] (1), which crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z=8, a=16.9334(14) Å, b=17.3251(14) Å, c=14.5114(10) Å, β=90.590(2)°, and V=4257.0(6) Å3. The oxalate ligand of 1 displays a bridging coordination mode and thus links two SnPh3 moieties through an axial coordination leading to the propagation of infinite polymeric chains along the c axis. All Sn(IV) atoms exhibit a trigonal bipyramid geometry. The negative charge of [Ph3Sn(C2O4)]- moieties is compensated by the presence of surrounding noncoordinating 2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium cations. From a supramolecular point of view, the Sn-based chains are connected to one another through N-H···O hydrogen bond interactions involving oxalate ligands of distinct strands and doubly by the [C4H7N2]+ cations. The topology of the resulting crystal packing can be described as a two-dimensional layer network.
Educational mismatch in the Czech Labour Market
Authors: Mysíková Martina 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Educational mismatch in labour markets is a phenomenon that has been widely analysed, mainly with respect to rising concerns about a possible oversupply of graduates. Like most European countries, the Czech Republic has experienced a boom in tertiary education in the last decade. The incidence and determinants of over- and undereducation vary substantially depending both on the mismatch measurement approach and the data source applied. Educational mismatch is also reflected in wage levels: overeducated workers have lower wages and undereducated workers have higher wages than workers with the same education whose jobs match their education level. Second, overeducated workers earn more and undereducated workers earn less than their co-workers with exactly the required level of education. The effects are qualitatively the same regardless of the data source and measurement approach applied, but their sizes differ slightly.
Ex Vivo Aneurysm models mimicking real cases for the preoperative training of the clipping technique
Authors: Martin D. , Giovani A. , Bucur Narcisa , Gorgan R.M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Training in a specialty like cerebrovascular neurosurgery becomes more and more difficult as the access to training is limited by the increasing number of neurosurgical departments and the lack of expert centers for specific pathology. This is why an increased investment in experimental training is encountered in many centers worldwide. The best models for training the clipping technique are ex Vivo on cadaveric heads aneurysm models, animal models or augmented reality models. We present a few ex Vivo models of aneurysms mimicking ACOA, ACM bifurcation and basil are tip aneurysms using a pulsed continuous perfusion system. Clipping training on aneurysm models is an invaluable tool both for the residents and for the specialists with a special interest in cerebrovascular surgery.
Differential diagnostic problems in elderly chronic subdural hematoma patients
Authors: Munteanu Valentin , Luca-Husti Ionut , Coman Teodora Camelia , Ciurea Alexandru Vlad 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH) are recognized as common in older people (over 70 years). They are produced in minor injuries (falls on the same level). These CSDH have minor symptoms (headache, memory disorders, balance disorders, cognitive disorders, etc. and are classified as signs for the onset of dementia, circulatory failure - basilar vertebra, Alzheimer, etc. A simple brain CT scan can highlight these hematomas and a neurosurgical intervention will achieve extremely favorable prognosis. There are many pitfalls in the differential diagnosis of CSH especially with strokes being so common at this age.