bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in oral bacterial communities are associated with risk factors for oral and oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Börnigen Daniela , Ren Boyu , Pickard Robert , Li Jingfeng , Ozer Enver , Hartmann Erica M. , Xiao Weihong , Tickle Timothy , Rider Jennifer , Gevers Dirk , Franzosa Eric A. , Davey Mary Ellen , Gillison Maura L. , Huttenhower Curtis 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinomas are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and tobacco usage, alcohol consumption, and poor oral hygiene are established risk factors. To date, no large-scale case-control studies have considered the effects of these risk factors on the composition of the oral microbiome, nor microbial community associations with oral cancer. We compared the composition, diversity, and function of the oral microbiomes of 121 oral cancer patients to 242 age- and gender-matched controls using a metagenomic multivariate analysis pipeline. Significant shifts in composition and function of the oral microbiome were observed with poor oral hygiene, tobacco smoking, and oral cancer. Specifically, we observed dramatically altered community composition and function after tooth loss, with smaller alterations in current tobacco smokers, increased production of antioxidants in individuals with periodontitis, and significantly decreased glutamate metabolism metal transport in oral cancer patients. Although the alterations in the oral microbiome of oral cancer patients were significant, they were of substantially lower effect size relative to microbiome shifts after tooth loss. Alterations following tooth loss, itself a major risk factor for oral cancer, are likely a result of severe ecological disruption due to habitat loss but may also contribute to the development of the disease.
Dysregulation of Iron Metabolism in Cholangiocarcinoma Stem-like Cells
Authors: Raggi Chiara , Gammella Elena , Correnti Margherita , Buratti Paolo , Forti Elisa , Andersen Jesper B , Alpini Gianfranco , Glaser Shannon , Alvaro Domenico , Invernizzi Pietro , Cairo Gaetano , Recalcati Stefania 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating liver tumour arising from malignant transformation of bile duct epithelial cells. Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a subset of tumour cells endowed with stem-like properties, which play a role in tumour initiation, recurrence and metastasis. In appropriate conditions, CSC form 3D spheres (SPH), which retain stem-like tumour-initiating features. Here, we found different expression of iron proteins indicating increased iron content, oxidative stress and higher expression of CSC markers in CCA-SPH compared to tumour cells growing as monolayers. Exposure to the iron chelator desferrioxamine decreased SPH forming efficiency and the expression of CSC markers and stem-like genes, whereas iron had an opposite effect. Microarray profiles in CCA samples (n = 104) showed decreased H ferritin, hepcidin and ferroportin expression in tumours respect to surrounding liver, whereas transferrin receptor was up-regulated. Moreover, we found a trend toward poorer outcome in CCA patients with elevated expression of ferritin and hepcidin, two major proteins of iron metabolism. These findings, which represent the first evidence of a role for iron in the stem cell compartment as a novel metabolic factor involved in CCA growth, may have implications for a better therapeutic approach.
SOX30 is required for male fertility in mice
Authors: Feng Chun-Wei Allen , Spiller Cassy , Merriner Donna J. , O’Bryan Moira K. , Bowles Josephine , Koopman Peter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMale infertility is a major and growing problem and, in most cases, the specific root cause is unknown. Here we show that the transcription factor SOX30 plays a critical role in mouse spermatogenesis. Sox30-null mice are healthy and females are fertile, but males are sterile. In the absence of Sox30 meiosis initiates normally in both sexes but, in males, germ cell development arrests during the post-meiotic round spermatid period. In the mutant testis, acrosome and axoneme development are aberrant, multinucleated germ cells (symplasts) form and round spermatids unable to process beyond step 3 of spermiogenesis. No elongated spermatids nor spermatozoa are produced. Thus, Sox30 represents a rare example of a gene for which loss of function results in a complete arrest of spermatogenesis at the onset of spermiogenesis. Our results suggest that SOX30 mutations may underlie some instances of unexplained non-obstructive azoospermia in humans.
Increasing gap in human height between rich and poor countries associated to their different intakes of N and P
Authors: Peñuelas Josep , Janssens Ivan A. , Ciais Philippe , Obersteiner Michael , Krisztin Tamás , Piao Shilong , Sardans Jordi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe analyzed mean height of men born in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s in 80 countries. Both height and the change in height during the last decades were correlated with N and P intake, as well as the N:P intake ratio. Rich countries had higher per capita N and P intake than poor countries (on average 19.5 ± 0.3 versus 9.66 ± 0.18 kg N y−1 and 2.17 ± 0.04 versus 1.35 ± 0.02 kg P y−1), and also larger increases in per capita N intake (12.1 ± 2.0% vs. 7.0 ± 2.1%) and P intake (7.6 ± 1.0% vs 6.01 ± 0.7%), during the period 1961–2009. The increasing gap in height trends between rich and poor countries is associated with an increasing gap in nutrition, so a more varied diet with higher N, P, and N:P intake is a key factor to improve food intake quality in poor countries and thus shorten the gap with rich countries. More N and P are needed with the consequent requirements for a better management of the socioeconomic and environmental associated problems.
Conserved molecular structure of the centromeric histone CENH3 in Secale and its phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Evtushenko E. V. , Elisafenko E. A. , Gatzkaya S. S. , Lipikhina Y. A. , Houben A. , Vershinin A. V. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt has been repeatedly demonstrated that the centromere-specific histone H3 (CENH3), a key component of the centromere, shows considerable variability between species within taxa. We determined the molecular structure and phylogenetic relationships of CENH3 in 11 Secale species and subspecies that possess distinct pollination systems and are adapted to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. The rye (Secale cereale) genome encodes two paralogous CENH3 genes, which differ in intron-exon structure and are transcribed into two main forms of the protein, αCENH3 and βCENH3. These two forms differ in size and amino acid substitutions. In contrast to the reported differences in CENH3 structure between species within other taxa, the main forms of this protein in Secale species and subspecies have a nearly identical structure except some nonsynonymous substitutions. The CENH3 proteins are strictly controlled by genetic factors responsible for purifying selection. A comparison between Hordeum, Secale and Triticum species demonstrates that the structure of CENH3 in the subtribes Hordeinae and Triticinae evolved at different rates. The assumption that reticulate evolution served as a factor stabilizing the structure and evolutionary rate of CENH3 and that this factor was more powerful within Secale and Triticum than in Hordeum, is discussed.
Leukotriene B4 is essential for lung host defence and alpha-defensin-1 production during Achromobacter xylosoxidans infection
Authors: Prado Morgana K. B. , Locachevic Gisele A. , Zoccal Karina F. , Paula-Silva Francisco W. G. , Fontanari Caroline , Ferreira Joseane C. , Pereira Priscilla A. T. , Gardinassi Luiz G. , Ramos Simone G. , Sorgi Carlos A. , Darini Ana Lúcia C. , Faccioli Lúcia H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLeukotriene B4(LTB4) is essential for host immune defence. It increases neutrophil recruitment, phagocytosis and pathogen clearance, and decreases oedema and inflammasome activation. The host response and the role of LTB4duringAchromobacter xylosoxidansinfection remain unexplored. Wild-type (129sv) and LTB4deficient (Alox5−/−) mice were intratracheally infected withA. xylosoxidans. Wild-type 129svinfected mice survived beyond the 8thday post-infection, exhibited increased levels of LTB4in the lung on the 1stday, while levels of PGE2increased on the 7thday post-infection. InfectedAlox5−/−mice showed impaired bacterial clearance, increased lung inflammation, and succumbed to the infection by the 7thday. We found that exogenous LTB4does not affect the phagocytosis ofA. xylosoxidansby alveolar macrophagesin vitro. However, treatment of infected animals with LTB4protected from mortality, by reducing the bacterial load and inflammation via BLT1signalling, the high affinity receptor for LTB4. Of importance, we uncovered that LTB4induces gene and protein expression of α-defensin-1 during the infection. This molecule is essential for bacterial clearance and exhibits potent antimicrobial activity by disruptingA. xylosoxidanscell wall. Taken together, our data demonstrate a major role for LTB4on the control ofA. xylosoxidansinfection.
Prediction of Mechanical Twinning in Magnesium Silicate Post-Perovskite
Authors: Carrez Philippe , Goryaeva Alexandra M. , Cordier Patrick 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe plastic properties of MgSiO3 post-perovskite are considered to be one of the key issues necessary for understanding the seismic anisotropy at the bottom of the mantle in the so-called D” layer. Although plastic slip in MgSiO3 post-perovskite has attracted considerable attention, the twinning mechanism has not been addressed, despite some experimental evidence from low-pressure analogues. On the basis of a numerical mechanical model, we present a twin nucleation model for post-perovskite involving the emission of 1/6 <110> partial dislocations. Relying on first-principles calculations with no adjustable parameters, we show that {110} twin wall formation resulting from the interaction of multiple twin dislocations occurs at a twinning stress comparable in magnitude to the most readily occurring slip system in post-perovskite. Because dislocation activities and twinning are competitive strain-producing mechanisms, twinning should be considered in future models of crystallographic preferred orientations in post-perovskite to better interpret seismic anisotropy in the lowermost lower mantle.
Weak hydrological sensitivity to temperature change over land, independent of climate forcing
Authors: Samset B. H. , Myhre G. , Forster P. M. , Hodnebrog Ø. , Andrews T. , Boucher O. , Faluvegi G. , Fläschner D. , Kasoar M. , Kharin V. , Kirkevåg A. , Lamarque J.-F. , Olivié D. , Richardson T. B. , Shindell D. , Takemura T. , Voulgarakis A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe present the global and regional hydrological sensitivity (HS) to surface temperature changes, for perturbations to CO2, CH4, sulfate and black carbon concentrations, and solar irradiance. Based on results from ten climate models, we show how modeled global mean precipitation increases by 2–3% per kelvin of global mean surface warming, independent of driver, when the effects of rapid adjustments are removed. Previously reported differences in response between drivers are therefore mainly ascribable to rapid atmospheric adjustment processes. All models show a sharp contrast in behavior over land and over ocean, with a strong surface temperature-driven (slow) ocean HS of 3–5%/K, while the slow land HS is only 0–2%/K. Separating the response into convective and large-scale cloud processes, we find larger inter-model differences, in particular over land regions. Large-scale precipitation changes are most relevant at high latitudes, while the equatorial HS is dominated by convective precipitation changes. Black carbon stands out as the driver with the largest inter-model slow HS variability, and also the strongest contrast between a weak land and strong sea response. We identify a particular need for model investigations and observational constraints on convective precipitation in the Arctic, and large-scale precipitation around the Equator.
Impact of remote patient monitoring on clinical outcomes: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Noah Benjamin , Keller Michelle S. , Mosadeghi Sasan , Stein Libby , Johl Sunny , Delshad Sean , Tashjian Vartan C. , Lew Daniel , Kwan James T. , Jusufagic Alma , Spiegel Brennan M. R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDespite growing interest in remote patient monitoring, limited evidence exists to substantiate claims of its ability to improve outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assess the effects of using wearable biosensors (e.g. activity trackers) for remote patient monitoring on clinical outcomes. We expanded upon prior reviews by assessing effectiveness across indications and presenting quantitative summary data. We searched for articles from January 2000 to October 2016 in PubMed, reviewed 4,348 titles, selected 777 for abstract review, and 64 for full text review. A total of 27 RCTs from 13 different countries focused on a range of clinical outcomes and were retained for final analysis; of these, we identified 16 high-quality studies. We estimated a difference-in-differences random effects meta-analysis on select outcomes. We weighted the studies by sample size and used 95% confidence intervals (CI) around point estimates. Difference-in-difference point estimation revealed no statistically significant impact of remote patient monitoring on any of six reported clinical outcomes, including body mass index (−0.73; 95% CI: −1.84, 0.38), weight (−1.29; −3.06, 0.48), waist circumference (−2.41; −5.16, 0.34), body fat percentage (0.11; −1.56, 1.34), systolic blood pressure (−2.62; −5.31, 0.06), and diastolic blood pressure (−0.99; −2.73, 0.74). Studies were highly heterogeneous in their design, device type, and outcomes. Interventions based on health behavior models and personalized coaching were most successful. We found substantial gaps in the evidence base that should be considered before implementation of remote patient monitoring in the clinical setting.
PEPSI deep spectra
Authors: Strassmeier K. G. , Ilyin I. , Steffen M. 
Published: December 2017

Context. Full-disk solar flux spectra can be directly compared to stellar spectra and thereby serve as our most important reference source for, for example stellar chemical abundances, magnetic activity phenomena, radial-velocity signatures or global pulsations.
Aim. As part of the first Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument (PEPSI) key-science project, we aim to provide well-exposed and average-combined (viz. deep) high-resolution spectra of representative stellar targets. Such deep spectra contain an overwhelming amount of information, typically much more than what could be analyzed and discussed within a single publication. Therefore, these spectra will be made available in form of (electronic) atlases. The first star in this series of papers is our Sun. It also acts as a system-performance cornerstone.
Methods. The Sun was monitored with PEPSI at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). Instead of the LBT we used a small robotic solar disk integration (SDI) telescope. The deep spectra in this paper are the results of combining up to ≈100 consecutive exposures per wavelength setting and are compared with other solar flux atlases.
Results. Our software for the optimal data extraction and reduction of PEPSI spectra is described and verified with the solar data. Three deep solar flux spectra with a spectral resolution of up to 270 000, a continuous wavelength coverage from 383 nm to 914 nm, and a photon signal to noise ratio (S/N) of between 2000–8000:1 depending on wavelength are presented. Additionally, a time-series of 996 high-cadence spectra in one cross disperser is used to search for intrinsic solar modulations. The wavelength calibration based on Th-Ar exposures and simultaneous Fabry–Pérot combs enables an absolute wavelength solution within 10 m s−1 (rms) with respect to the HARPS laser-comb solar atlas and a relative rms of 1.2 m s−1 for one day. For science demonstration, we redetermined the disk-average solar Li abundance to 1.09 ± 0.04 dex on the basis of 3D NLTE model atmospheres. We detected disk-averaged p-mode RV oscillations with a full amplitude of 47 cm s−1 at 5.5 min.
Conclusions. Comparisons with two solar FTS atlases, as well as with the HARPS solar atlas, validate the PEPSI data product. Now, PEPSI/SDI solar-flux spectra are being taken with a sampling of one deep spectrum per day, and are supposed to continue a full magnetic cycle of the Sun.
Acute Kidney Injury in Neonatal Sepsis: Risk Factors, Clinical Profile, and Outcome
Authors: Kumar Sudeep , Kaur Charanjeet , Chellani Harish , Arya Sugandha 
Published: December 2017

Objective This study aims to determine the proportion of cases of neonatal sepsis developing acute kidney injury (AKI).
Methods This is a prospective observational study conducted in the nursery of a tertiary care center in Northern India during October 2012 to March 2014. Newborns with symptoms suggestive of sepsis were investigated. Those with congenital renal anomalies and negative for sepsis were excluded from the study. Newborns with sepsis were treated accordingly and observed for AKI until discharge or death. Acute Kidney Injury Network definition was used to define AKI in this study.
Results A total of 310 neonates with sepsis were enrolled out of which 3.87% neonates developed AKI. Factors such as maternal age, sex, birth weight, gestational age, asphyxia, the risk factor of sepsis in the mother, meconium-stained liquor, and mode of delivery were not found to be associated with AKI. Meningitis (p < 0.05) was found to be significantly associated with AKI. Duration of stay was longer for those with AKI (p < 0.01), but the mortality rate did not differ significantly among those with AKI and those without AKI. Around 25% of cases were found to be AKI stage 1, 25% of cases were AKI stage 2, and 50% of cases were AKI stage 3.
Conclusion It is difficult to predict AKI based on clinical features, so it is better to screen all the neonates with sepsis for AKI so that they can be managed accordingly, as AKI detected early has a better prognosis.
Radiographically Confirmed Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Pediatric Patients Prior to Pneumococcal Vaccination in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Dhruba , Raya Ganendra , Prajapati Amar , Dhaubhadel Suruchi , Puri Sushmita , Regmi Dybesh 
Published: December 2017

Background The massive burden of pediatric pneumonia is associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries where immunization programs are absent or recently been implemented. The objective of this study was to describe the number of hospitalizations and outcomes of children aged 1 month to 10 years with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2015, in semi-rural Nepal.
Methods This retrospective study was undertaken prior to the implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV) program in Bhaktapur district of Nepal. Chart review of children with CAP, defined as the presence of symptoms, physical examination findings compatible with bacterial pneumonia together with lobar consolidation on chest X-ray (CXR), was performed. Data extracted included laboratory parameters and blood cultures on admission, antibiotic treatment, and length of hospital stay, as well as complications, such as death, intensive care unit admission, pleural effusion, and empyema. Outcomes assessed were clinical improvement accompanied by radiological improvement of consolidation.
Results During the study period, 367 patients were admitted with pneumonia, of which, 74 (20%) had definite CXR evidence of lobar pneumonia. A total of 86.5% of the cases were children < 5 years of age. Admission blood cultures from all patients were negative. More than 80% of patients had white blood cell (WBC) counts >11,000/mm3 and ≥ 75% neutrophils. The highest number of cases presented between February and July. Forty-three of 45 patients responded to crystalline penicillin (CP), and 25/27 patients treated with cefotaxime also responded; the mean duration of treatment was 10 ± 2.3 days. There were no deaths. None of the patients developed empyema, sepsis, or pleural effusion or required intensive care unit admission.
Conclusions CAP in pre-PCV semi-rural Nepal mostly affects male children < 5 years old and peaks between March and May. In-hospital treatment with CP or cefotaxime is effective.
Zellregulatoren gegen Krebs: Granatapfel, Curcuma, Brokkoli
Authors: Jacob Ludwig 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungNicht nur körpereigene Substanzen, auch die in unseren Lebensmitteln enthaltenen sekundären Pflanzenstoffe üben regulierende Funktionen auf unsere Zellen, deren Stoffwechsel und Zellsignalwege aus. Als besonders wirkungsvoll und gut erforscht haben sich dabei Curcumin aus der Gelbwurz, Granatapfel-Polyphenole und Sulforaphan aus Brokkoli erwiesen. Granatapfel-Polyphenole wirken vor allem gegen hormonabhängige Krebserkrankungen wie Prostata- und Brustkrebs besonders günstig. Sie wirken anti-östrogen und mildern über die Hemmung des Transkriptionsfaktors NF-kappaB Entzündungen und oxidativen Stress, die z. B. bei Prostatakrebs eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Neben einer Hemmung von Tumorzellwachstum und Metastasierung wirken sie der Tumorgefäßneubildung entgegen und fördern eine Redifferenzierung oder die Apoptose von Krebszellen. Die Wirkungen sind dabei für eine Tagesdosis von etwa 600 mg Granatapfel-Polyphenolen nachgewiesen. Curcumin wirkt auf eine Vielzahl von Zellsignalwegen und Transkriptionsfaktoren ein und bremst auf diese Art u. a. das Wachstum von Krebszellen. Besonders gut klinisch belegt ist Curcumin als Phospholipidkomplex. Hier haben sich je nach Indikation Curcumin-Dosen ab 200 mg (1000 mg Curcumin-Phospholipid) pro Tag in 30 klinischen Studien an 2000 Teilnehmern als wirksam erwiesen. Brokkoli-Sulforaphan beeinflusst Zellzyklus, Apoptose, Entzündungsgeschehen, antioxidative Abwehr und allgemein Zellsignalwege über epigenetische Mechanismen und wirkt so gegen Krebs. Um das Sulforaphan für den Körper verfügbar zu machen, ist das Enzym Myrosinase erforderlich. Dieses ist z. B. in Meerrettich, Wasabi, rohen Brokkolisprossen und den Samen bestimmter alter Brokkolisorten enthalten.
Kompetenzbasierter Lernzielkatalog „Rehabilitation, Physikalische Medizin, Naturheilverfahren“ (RPMN) – revidierte Fassung
Authors: Mau Wilfried , Liebl Max , Deck Ruth , Lange Uwe , Smolenski Ulrich , Walter Susanne , Gutenbrunner Christoph 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungSeit der ersten Publikation der Lernziele für den Querschnittsbereich „Rehabilitation, Physikalische Medizin, Naturheilverfahren (RPMN)“ im Medizinstudium im Jahr 2004 ist auf Grund heterogener Lehrangebote an den Fakultäten sowie neuer Impulse v. a. aus dem „Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalog Medizin (NKLM)“ und dem „Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020“ eine Revision sinnvoll. Deshalb haben die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rehabilitationswissenschaften e. V. und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation e. V. in einem strukturierten Konsensprozess nach der DELPHI-Methodik die Lernziele reduziert und übersichtlicher gegliedert. Besonders relevante Lernziele werden hervorgehoben. Alle Lernziele werden der kognitiven und Methodenkompetenz (Level 1 „Kennen und Können“) bzw. der Handlungskompetenz (Level 2 „Beherrschen“) zugeordnet. Auf die Lernziele im weniger detaillierten NKLM wird konkret verwiesen. Mit diesem revidierten Lernzielkatalog wird ein Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der kompetenzbasierten und in Kernbereichen homogeneren humanmedizinischen Lehre zu RPMN an den Fakultäten geleistet.