bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional, bioactive and antigenicity properties of blue whiting protein hydrolysates: effect of enzymatic treatment and degree of hydrolysis
Authors: García‐Moreno Pedro J , Pérez‐Gálvez Raúl , Espejo‐Carpio F Javier , Ruiz‐Quesada Cristina , Pérez‐Morilla Ana I , Martínez‐Agustín Olga , Guadix Antonio , Guadix Emilia M 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDFish discards represent an important under‐utilisation of marine resources. This study evaluated the up‐grading of the protein fraction of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) discards by the production of fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) exhibiting functional, antioxidant, angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitory and antigenicity properties.RESULTSFPHswith lowDH(4%) showed better emulsifying, foaming and oil binding capacities, particularly those obtained using only trypsin.FPHswithDH4% exhibited also the stronger antioxidant activity, especially the one obtained using only subtilisin (IC50= 1.36 mg proteinmL−1). The presence of hydrophobic residues at the C‐terminal of theFPHproduced using subtilisin also led to the strongerACE‐inhibitory activity. However,FPHswith highDH(12%), which implies a higher proportion of short peptides, was required to enhanceACE‐inhibition (IC50= 172 µg proteinmL−1). The antigenic levels of theFPHwere also reduced withDHindependently of the enzymatic treatment. Nevertheless, the highest degradation of fish allergens (e.g. parvalbumin) was also obtained when using only subtilisin.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that added‐value products for food applications can be produced from the protein fraction of discards. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of gas–liquid two‐phase flow on angiotensin‐I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides separation by ultra‐filtration
Authors: Charoenphun Narin , Youravong Wirote 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMembrane fouling is a major problem in ultra‐filtration systems and two‐phase flow is a promising technique for permeate flux enhancement. The objective of this research was to study the use of an ultra‐filtration (UF) system to enrich angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from tilapia protein hydrolysate. To select the most appropriate membrane and operating condition, the effects of membrane molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO), transmembrane pressure (TMP) and cross‐flow velocity (CFV) on permeate flux and ACE inhibitory peptide separation were studied. Additionally, the gas–liquid two‐phase flow technique was applied to investigate its effect on the process capability.RESULTSThe results showed that the highest ACE inhibitory activity was obtained from permeate of the 1 kDa membrane. In terms of TMP and CFV, the permeate flux tended to increase with TMP and CFV. The use of gas–liquid two‐phase flow as indicated by shear stress number could reduce membrane fouling and increase the permeate flux up to 42%, depending on shear stress number. Moreover, the use of a shear stress number of 0.039 led to an augmentation in ACE inhibitory activity of permeates.CONCLUSIONSOperating conditions using a shear stress number of 0.039 were recommended for enrichment of ACE inhibitory peptides. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel technologies for monitoring the in‐line quality of virgin olive oil during manufacturing and storage
Authors: Beltrán Ortega Julio , Martínez Gila Diego M , Aguilera Puerto Daniel , Gámez García Javier , Gómez Ortega Juan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe quality of virgin olive oil is related to the agronomic conditions of the olive fruits and the process variables of the production process. Nowadays, food markets demand better products in terms of safety, health and organoleptic properties with competitive prices. Innovative techniques for process control, inspection and classification have been developed in order to to achieve these requirements. This paper presents a review of the most significant sensing technologies which are increasingly used in the olive oil industry to supervise and control the virgin olive oil production process. Throughout the present work, the main research studies in the literature that employ non‐invasive technologies such as infrared spectroscopy, computer vision, machine olfaction technology, electronic tongues and dielectric spectroscopy are analysed and their main results and conclusions are presented. These technologies are used on olive fruit, olive slurry and olive oil to determine parameters such as acidity, peroxide indexes, ripening indexes, organoleptic properties and minor components, among others. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Differences in mRNA populations of short and long bovine conceptuses on Day 15 of gestation
Authors: Barnwell Callie V. , Farin Peter W. , Ashwell Christopher M. , Farmer William T. , Galphin Samuel P. , Farin Charlotte E. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYThe majority of pregnancy loss in cattle occurs between Days 8 and 16 of gestation, coincident with the initiation of conceptus elongation and the onset of maternal recognition of pregnancy. Differences in conceptus length on the same day of gestation may be related to an inherent lack of developmental competency or may simply be a consequence of asynchrony with the maternal environment. The objective of this work was to characterize differential patterns of mRNA expression between short and long bovine conceptuses recovered on Day 15 of gestation. Embryos were produced from super‐ovulated Holstein donor cows, and groups of Grade‐1 and Grade‐3 compact morulas were transferred into recipient heifers at Day 6.5 of their cycle. Conceptuses were recovered at Day 15 of gestation, and measured to assess overall length and area. Total RNA was extracted and analyzed on individual GeneChip Bovine Genome Arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). Gene expression was compared between conceptuses derived from the transfer of Grade‐1 versus Grade‐3 embryos; no differences were identified in the profiles of Day‐15 conceptuses of these different embryo grades. When gene expression was compared between conceptuses classified as either short (mean length of 4.2 ± 0.1 mm [standard error]) or long (24.7 ± 1.9 mm) upon recovery at Day 15 of gestation, a total of 348 genes were differentially expressed. Of these, 221 genes were up‐regulated and 127 were down‐regulated in long compared to short conceptuses. In summary, differences in gene expression were identified between conceptuses recovered on Day 15 of gestation, based on their length. These data may be used to identify genes and cellular pathways involved in enhanced conceptus elongation that could serve as markers of successful pregnancy. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 424–441, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LVTree Viewer: An Interactive Display for the All-Species Living Tree Incorporating Automatic Comparison with Prokaryotic Systematics
Authors: Zuo Guanghong , Zhi Xiaoyang , Xu Zhao , Hao Bailin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We describe an interactive viewer for the All-Species Living Tree (LVTree). The viewer incorporates treeing and lineage information from the ARB-SILVA website. It allows collapsing the tree branches at different taxonomic ranks and expanding the collapsed branches as well, keeping the overall topology of the tree unchanged. It also enables the user to observe the consequence of trial lineage modifications by re-collapsing the tree. The system reports taxon statistics at all ranks automatically after each collapsing and re-collapsing. These features greatly facilitate the comparison of the 16S rRNA sequence phylogeny with prokaryotic taxonomy in a taxon by taxon manner. In view of the fact that the present prokaryotic systematics is largely based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the current viewer may help reveal discrepancies between phylogeny and taxonomy. As an application, we show that in the latest release of LVTree, based on 11,939 rRNA sequences, as few as 24 lineage modifications are enough to bring all but two phyla (Proteobacteria and Firmicutes) to monophyletic clusters.
Challenges, solutions, and recommendations for Alzheimer's disease combination therapy
Authors: Hendrix James A. , Bateman Randall J. , Brashear H. Robert , Duggan Cynthia , Carrillo Maria C. , Bain Lisa J. , DeMattos Ronald , Katz Russell G. , Ostrowitzki Susanne , Siemers Eric , Sperling Reisa , Vitolo Ottavio V. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGiven the complex neuropathology Alzheimer's disease (AD), combination therapy may be necessary for effective treatment. However, scientific, pragmatic, regulatory, and business challenges need to be addressed before combination therapy for AD can become a reality. Leaders from academia and industry, along with a former member of the Food and Drug Administration and the Alzheimer's Association, have explored these challenges and here propose a strategy to facilitate proof‐of‐concept combination therapy trials in the near future. First, a more integrated understanding of the complex pathophysiology and progression of AD is needed to identify the appropriate pathways and the disease stage to target. Once drug candidates are identified, novel clinical trial designs and selection of appropriate outcome assessments will be needed to enable definition and evaluation of the appropriate dose and dosing regimen and determination of efficacy. Success in addressing this urgent problem will only be achieved through collaboration among multiple stakeholders.
Epidemiological characterization of ostomized patients attended in referral Center from the city of Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
Authors: de Freitas Lins Neto Manoel Álvaro , de Araújo Fernandes Danillo Omena , Didoné Eveline Leite 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroduction Several clinical conditions imply the realization of a bowel ostomy, as a treatment option. However, the presence of a stoma is an important limitation in the quality of life of the ostomized patient.Aim To define the epidemiological profile of patients enrolled in the Ostomy Program from two reference services in the city of Maceió, Alagoas, regarding gender, age, classification (as permanent or temporary), type of ostomy with respect to the bowel segment used, and causes.Method This was a descriptive cross-sectional study whose data were obtained from registration forms of active patients in Ostomy Programs on May 2013.Results Of 216 patients analyzed, 50.5% were female and 49.5% male. The age group with the highest number of cases was that between 60 and 69 years (23.6%) and the average age was 51.3 years. Colostomies accounted for 89.4% of the procedures performed, and 56.9% of procedures were temporary ostomies. As for the cause, the most prevalent was colorectal cancer (40.7%), followed by trauma (18.1%) and acute abdomen (12.0%).Conclusion The study provides relevant data that can be used as input for prevention and strategies to improve the health of the ostomized population.
Vulvodynia: Assessment and Treatment
Authors: Goldstein Andrew T. , Pukall Caroline F. , Brown Candace , Bergeron Sophie , Stein Amy , Kellogg-Spadt Susan 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Vulvodynia constitutes a highly prevalent form of sexual pain in women, and current information regarding its assessment and treatment is needed.

Aim
To update the scientific evidence published in 2010, from the Third International Consultation on Sexual Medicine, pertaining to the assessment and treatment of women's sexual pain.

Methods
An expert committee, as part of the Fourth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine, was comprised of researchers and clinicians from biological and social science disciplines for the review of the scientific evidence on the assessment and treatment of women's genital pain.

Main Outcome Measures
A review of assessment and treatment strategies involved in vulvodynia.

Results
We recommend the following treatments for the management of vulvodynia: psychological interventions, pelvic floor physical therapy, and vestibulectomy (for provoked vestibulodynia). We also support the use of multidisciplinary treatment approaches for the management of vulvodynia; however, more studies are needed to determine which components are most important. We recommend waiting for more empirical evidence before recommending alternative treatment options, anti-inflammatory agents, hormonal agents, and anticonvulsant medications. Although we do not recommend lidocaine, topical corticosteroids, or antidepressant medication for the management of vulvodynia, we suggest that capsaicin, botulinum toxin, and interferon be considered second-line avenues and that their recommendation be revisited once further research is conducted.

Conclusion
A comprehensive assessment is needed to understand the pain experience of women presenting with vulvodynia. In addition, treatment typically progresses from less invasive to more invasive, and several treatment options are worth pursuing.
Ethical and Sociocultural Aspects of Sexual Function and Dysfunction in Both Sexes
Authors: Atallah Sandrine , Johnson-Agbakwu Crista , Rosenbaum Talli , Abdo Carmita , Byers E. Sandra , Graham Cynthia , Nobre Pedro , Wylie Kevan , Brotto Lori 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Aims
This study aimed to highlight the salient sociocultural factors contributing to sexual health and dysfunction and to offer recommendations for culturally sensitive clinical management and research as well for an ethically sound sexual health care, counseling and medical decision-making.

Background
There are limited data on the impact of sociocultural factors on male and female sexual function as well as on ethical principles to follow when clinical care falls outside of traditional realms of medically indicated interventions.

Methods
This study reviewed the current literature on sociocultural and ethical considerations with regard to male and female sexual dysfunction as well as cultural and cosmetic female and male genital modification procedures.

Results
It is recommended that clinicians evaluate their patients and their partners in the context of culture and assess distressing sexual symptoms regardless of whether they are a recognized dysfunction. Both clinicians and researchers should develop culturally sensitive assessment skills and instruments. There are a number of practices with complex ethical issues (eg, female genital cutting, female and male cosmetic genital surgery). Future International Committee of Sexual Medicine meetings should seek to develop guidelines and associated recommendations for a separate, broader chapter on ethics.
Effects of Tadalafil Once-Daily or On-Demand vs Placebo on Return to Baseline Erectile Function After Bilateral Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy – Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial (REACTT)
Authors: Mulhall John P. , Brock Gerald , Oelke Matthias , Fode Mikkel , Probst Kai A. , Henneges Carsten , d'Anzeo Gianluca , Rossi Andrea , Büttner Hartwig 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Aim
The multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled REACTT trial suggested that treatment with tadalafil once daily (OaD) started early after bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (nsRP) for prostate cancer may contribute to erectile function (EF)-recovery, which was predefined as achieving an International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-EF score ≥22. Here, we report descriptive post-hoc analyses, using the more strict definition for EF-recovery of returning back to the pre-surgery IIEF-EF-level (“back-to-baseline analysis”).

Methods
REACTT included 422 men &lt;68 years with adenocarcinoma of the prostate and preoperative IIEF-EF ≥22 who underwent nsRP at 50 centers from 9 European countries and Canada. Patients were randomized post-nsRP 1:1:1 to 9-month double-blind treatment (DBT) with tadalafil 5 mg OaD (n = 139), tadalafil 20 mg on-demand (pro-re-nata, PRN; n = 142), or placebo (n = 141), followed by 6-week drug-free washout (DFW) and 3-month open-label tadalafil OaD treatment (OLT).

Main Outcome Measures
Proportion of patients returning to their preoperative IIEF-EF category (22–25 or ≥26) at the end of DBT, DFW, and OLT.

Results
Overall, 92.4% of patients had pre-surgery (baseline) IIEF-EF scores ≥26 (tadalafil OaD 94.2%, PRN 91.6%, placebo 91.5%), 7.4% had IIEF-EF 22–25. At the end of DBT, 22.3% of patients on tadalafil OaD had achieved “back-to-baseline” IIEF-EF, compared with 11.3% on tadalafil PRN and 7.8% on placebo. Of all 58 patients “back-to-baseline” at the end of DBT, only 1 PRN-group patient had started from a baseline IIEF-EF &lt;26. The treatment-group difference at the end of DBT was not maintained after DFW. After 3 months of OLT with tadalafil OaD, the proportion of patients with “back-to-baseline” IIEF-EF had almost doubled in all 3 groups.

Conclusion
Changing the definition for EF-recovery from IIEF-EF ≥22 to the more strict definition of “returning back-to-baseline IIEF-EF” had no major impact. Tadalafil OaD started early after nsRP improved drug-assisted EF, but had no effect on unassisted EF following treatment cessation after 9 months.
Erectile Function Recovery After Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer: Is Back to Baseline Status Enough for Patient Satisfaction?
Authors: Rossi Martina Sofia , Moschini Marco , Bianchi Marco , Gandaglia Giorgio , Fossati Nicola , Dell'Oglio Paolo , Schiavina Riccardo , Brunocilla Eugenio , Farina Elena , Picozzi Marta , Salonia Andrea , Montorsi Francesco , Briganti Alberto 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Several definitions of erectile function (EF) recovery after bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (BNSRP) have been proposed based on the results of the International Index of EF (IIEF).

Aim
We aimed at evaluating overall satisfaction (OS) after BNSRP according to the ability to achieve the pretreatment EF.

Methods
We evaluated data of 652 patients treated with BNSRP for clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa). Erectile dysfunction (ED) was classified according to the IIEF-EF domain score. Return to baseline EF was defined as patients who reached the same preoperative ED category during the 3-year follow-up. Cox regression analyses were fitted to predict return to baseline IIEF-EF and to predict OS defined according to the IIEF-OS in the overall population. Logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze OS in men who reached the back to baseline status.

Main Outcome Measures
The outcome of the study was to evaluate back to baseline EF status and to correlate it with postoperative OS.

Results
Preoperative satisfaction was reported by 218 (33.4%) patients. Postoperative satisfaction was achieved by 103 patients. Overall, 383 patients were able to achieve the preoperative IIEF-EF score. However, only 26.9% reported being satisfied. Age and preoperative IIEF-EF score were significantly associated with baseline IIEF-EF recovery (all P ≤ .02). Patients who were able to return to baseline IIEF-EF were more likely to be satisfied (P &lt; .001). Time elapsed between surgery and achievement of baseline IIEF-EF was significantly associated with OS (P &lt; .001). Among patients who were able to achieve the baseline IIEF-EF score, a preoperative IIEF-EF of 22–25 and 26–30 was significantly associated with postoperative satisfaction (all P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
After BNSRP, reaching the baseline IIEF-EF score is not always sufficient to obtain patient satisfaction. Only patients with a preoperative IIEF-EF ≥22 who reached the baseline score after surgery considered themselves satisfied. This should be taken into account in preoperative patient counseling.
2015 ISSVD, ISSWSH, and IPPS Consensus Terminology and Classification of Persistent Vulvar Pain and Vulvodynia
Authors: Bornstein Jacob , Goldstein Andrew T. , Stockdale Colleen K. , Bergeron Sophie , Pukall Caroline , Zolnoun Denniz , Coady Deborah ,   International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD)
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In 2014, the Executive Council of the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), the Boards of Directors of the International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health (ISSWSH), and the International Pelvic Pain Society (IPPS) acknowledged the need to revise the current terminology of vulvar pain, based on the significant increase in high quality etiologic studies published in the last decade.

Methods
The new terminology was achieved in four steps. The first involved a terminology consensus conference with representatives of the three societies, held in April 2015. Then, an analysis of the relevant published studies was used to establish a level of evidence for each factor associated with vulvodynia. The terminology was amended based on feedback from members of the societies. Finally, each society's board accepted the new terminology.

Results and Conclusion
In 2015, the ISSVD, ISSWSH, and IPPS adopted a new vulvar pain and vulvodynia terminology that acknowledges the complexity of the clinical presentation and pathophysiology involved in vulvar pain and vulvodynia, and incorporates new information derived from evidence-based studies conducted since the last terminology published in 2003.
Genotoxic effects of X-rays in buccal mucosal cells in children subjected to dental radiographs
Authors: Preethi Naveena , Chikkanarasaiah Nagarathna , Bethur Shakuntala S 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Objectives/Aims:
Bitewing and digital dental panoramic radiographs have become important adjuvants for successful dental practice in pediatric dentistry. Both methods lead to genetic changes in the oral buccal epithelium that have not yet been satisfactorily explored. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects induced by X-ray radiation from bitewing and panoramic dental radiography in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells of children, using the Buccal Micronucleus Cytome assay.

Materials and Methods:
Children (n=40) who met the inclusion criteria and provided signed informed consent were included in the study. Children were selected for undergoing bitewing radiographs (group 1; n=20) or digital dental panoramic radiographs (group 2; n=20). Exfoliated buccal mucosal cells were obtained by scraping the right/left buccal mucosa with a wooden spatula immediately before the X-ray exposure and 10±2 days after exposure.

Results:
The frequency of micronuclei increases significantly post exposure to both bitewing and digital dental panoramic radiography in children, but the frequency was higher in bitewing radiographs.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that the frequency of micronuclei increases post exposure to both bitewing and digital panoramic radiographs. Increased radiation exposure results in an increase in micronuclei frequency.
Optically controlled magnetic-field etching on the nano-scale
Authors: Yatsui Takashi , Tsuboi Toshiki , Yamaguchi Maiku , Nobusada Katsuyuki , Tojo Satoshi , Stehlin Fabrice , Soppera Olivier , Bloch Daniel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractElectric and magnetic fields play an important role in both chemical and physical reactions. However, since the coupling efficiency between magnetic fields and electrons is low in comparison with that between electric fields and electrons in the visible wavelength region, the magnetic field is negligible in photo-induced reactions. Here, we performed photo-etching of ZrO2 nano-stripe structures, and identified an etching-property polarisation dependence. Specifically, the etching rate and etched profiles depend on the structure width. To evaluate this polarisation-dependent etching, we performed numerical calculations using a finite-difference time-domain method. Remarkably, the numerical results revealed that the polarisation-dependent etching properties were determined by the magnetic field distributions, rather than the electric field distributions. As nano-scale structures induce a localised magnetic field, the discovery of this etching dependence on the magnetic field is expected to introduce a new perspective on advanced nano-scale structure fabrication.