bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of postoperative pain after root canal obturation using resin-based sealer (AH plus) and bioceramic sealer (IROOT SP) in adult mandibular molars: A double blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jain Ashish , Sivasailam Shreya , Rao Rahul , Punjabi Akshay , Naik Vishal 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the occurrence and intensity of postoperative pain following root canal obturation using a bioceramic (IROOT SP, Innovative BioCeramix, Inc.,) and a resin-based endodontic sealer (AH plus) using visual analog scale (VAS).

Methods:
A total of 40 subjects with chronic irreversible pulpitis needing root canal treatment were included in this double blinded randomized clinical trial. Randomization was done using manually generated sealed envelopes. According to the sealers used, the patients were divided into 2 groups where in Group 1 (n = 20): AH plus sealer and Group 2 (n = 20): Bioceramic sealer. Postoperative pain was assessed using VAS scale. Mann–Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
The occurrence of postoperative pain was similar in both groups. Postoperative pain intensity decreased in both the groups after 48 h. No statistically significant difference was found in the occurrence of postoperative in either group (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
AH Plus and bioceramic sealer perform similarly in terms of the occurrence and intensity of postoperative pain with no significant difference. The average pain levels and number of rescue medication taken were similar in both the groups.
Selectively Isolation and Molecular Identification by dnaJ Gene of Legionella pneumophila Found in Various Water Sources in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Iqbal , Ahmed Miraz Uddin , Toni Jahinur Rahman , Khan Md. Tanvir , Hassan Md. Nabil , Jame Jannatul Ferdaus , Rayhan A. B. H. , Alam Seemi Tasnim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Legionella spp. are the etiological agents of Legionnaires’ disease, often severe pneumonia. After the first severe outbreak of Legionella spp., it was found widely dispersed in natural water sources and humid environments and has become a concern for these sources’ water quality and safety. The fecal indicators used for water quality assessment do not predict the presence of these pathogens; thus, in the absence of targeted analysis, the risk is unobserved until the emergence of infections. There is no study on the presence of Legionella in unattended water bodies in Bangladesh, such as swimming pools, air-conditioned cooling water, and stagnant circulatory water systems.

METHODS:
A total of 42 water samples were collected from 12 different sites in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Acid, heat, and chlorine treatment were applied to reduce the load of non-Legionellae in water samples. Chlorine treatment was used to kill unwanted organisms in water samples. After successful pretreatment, samples were cultured on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar (BCYE) media. Optimum pH, concentrations of chlorine, and temperature were set up by extensive trial and error culturing of Legionella on BCYE media to minimize other bacterial growth and maximize Legionella growth. Isolated colonies were confirmed primarily by morphological characteristics on BCYE media. Isolates were then confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis techniques. We detected the presence of 16S rDNA for Legionella spp. and the dnaJ gene for Legionella pneumophila species identification. Antibiotic sensitivity tests (minimum inhibitory concentration) were also conducted to see if it was alarming for our community’s health.

RESULTS:
Most of the Legionella spp. could grow at various temperatures, such as 45°C, 50°C, and 55°C, and they could also survive at the normal levels of chlorination, such as 0.25 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L. We have found that, out of 12 different sites, 4 out of 5 (80%) isolates from cooling tower water, 1 out of 4 (25%) from the swimming pool, and 1 out of 3 (33%) household stagnant water are contaminated with Legionella. However, 3 out of 5 isolates found are L. pneumophila from cooling water sites. Furthermore, strains of Legionella spp. were resistant to many antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and tetracycline.

CONCLUSIONS:
Serious and fatal Legionella spp. (L. pneumophila) infections may be transmitted because of the widespread presence of these water sources and the large number of users in the community. This threat is worsened by the survival of Legionella under various commonly used antibiotic conditions and further exacerbated by their antibiotic resistance. Health-care professionals may face great challenges due to the lack of studies about its prevalence and treatment procedures.
Current trends in root canal treatment: An online survey of dentists working within the primary health-care corporation-Qatar
Authors: Alemam Amin A. H. , Syed Mohamed Ahmed , Alnuaimi Ahmed S. , Dummer Paul M. H. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Studies in many countries have reported that dentists do not always comply with treatment quality guidelines when undertaking root canal treatment (RCT). However, there is no information on the compliance of dentists in Qatar with quality guidelines. Using an online questionnaire, this study aimed to collect baseline information on how dentists working within the Primary HealthCare Corporation (PHCC), Qatar, carried out RCT.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire was E-mailed to general dental practitioners (GDPs) and specialists. The questionnaire collected demographic information, continuous professional development (CPD) hours, information on early stages of RCT, RCT protocols, use of technology and materials. Statistical analyses were undertaken using version 27 SPSS software.

Results:
The response rate was 55% of GDPs and 83% of specialists. Twenty-six percent of GDPs never used rubber dams whereas specialists always used rubber dam (P < 0.001). The 57% of GDPs who undertook a complete RCT reported they treated mostly anterior and premolar teeth with few molars (12%), few attempted RCT retreatment (4%). All specialists treated molars (P < 0.001) and 50% undertook retreatment (P < 0.001). The majority of specialists reported using magnification (55%) with only 23% of GDPs using loupes (P < 0.001). During the past 2 years, 42% of specialists earned > 20 CPD hours which was significantly more than the 50% of the GDPs who undertook < 5 h (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Half of the GDPs working within the PHCC do not carry out RCT nor rubber dam isolation due to short duration of treatment session. Specialists generally follow the current guidelines when providing RCT, while the GDPs do so less often.
Evaluation of the stress generated during biomechanical preparation with nickel–titanium rotary endodontic file using finite element analysis
Authors: Keerthi M. , Sridevi E. , Sankar A J Sai , Nagesh B , Pranitha K. , Sankar K. Siva 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Adequate biomechanical preparation of root canals is the essence of successful endodontic therapy. Roots with curved canal framework led to endodontic complexity. The hassles in the preparation of such complex canals have prompted the inauguration of nickel–titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments with properties of shape memory and superelasticity. They benefit root canal preparation with causing less aberration, yet intracanal separation due to fatigue remains a concern. The study was intended to evaluate and compare the stresses developed during biomechanical preparation with Ni-Ti rotary file in straight, moderate, and severely curved root canals using finite element analysis (FEA).

Materials and Methods:
Six real sizes, three-dimensional root models were designed in SolidWorks software with varying angles of curvature (2°–45°), and using the same software, ProTaper Gold F2 rotary file was developed. All the designed root models with the rotary file inserted into each model were subjected to FEA. ANSYS Software (version 17.2 Company, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, USA) 2015 was used to simulating root canal shaping, and the stresses generated in all the root canal models were observed.

Results:
Highest mean stress was observed with 45° models which was 235.95 MPa, followed by a 30° simulated model showed 220.36 MPa and least stress of 125.22 MPa was observed with 2° models (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Increased canal curvature has definitely resulted in generation of more amount of stress.
Comparative evaluation of the fracture resistance of roots after the application of three different root canal sealers
Authors: Muraleedhar Aparna V. , Satish Sarvapelli Venkata , Uthappa Roshan , Patil Ashwini M. , Gowda Basavana 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Root canal fillings using Gutta-percha and root canal sealers are considered the gold standard in endodontics. Bondable root canal sealers help in strengthening the root by penetrating into the dentin.

Aim:
The aim was to compare and evaluate the fracture resistance of root dentin following the application of AH Plus sealer, MTA Fillapex sealer, and BioRoot RCS sealer.

Materials and Methods:
Decoronation was performed on 70 extracted single-rooted premolars at the cementoenamel junction. The samples were divided into three experimental and two control groups. Fourteen samples served as the negative control (Group 4), which were left unprepared. The remaining 56 samples were prepared with ProTaper rotary files up to F3. The roots were obturated using cold lateral compaction using Gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer (Group 1), MTA Fillapex (Group 2), and BioRoot RCS (Group 3). Group 5 served as the positive control group. A universal testing machine was used to compress the samples until fracture occurred. One-way analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey's test was used to analyze the data.

Results and Discussion:
The highest resistance to fracture was shown by Group 4 (negative control), followed by Group 1 (AH Plus), Group 3 (BioRoot RCS), Group 2 (MTA Fillapex), and the least by Group 5 (positive control). There was a statistically significant difference between all the groups (P = 0.00) except between AH Plus and BioRoot RCS (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Samples in all the groups fractured when vertical force was applied. The maximum resistance to fracture was shown by the roots which were neither instrumented nor obturated. AH plus sealer showed the highest resistance to fracture among the three experimental groups, followed by BioRoot RCS and MTA Fillapex.
Dental caries level among patients attending dental clinics complex at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study
Authors: Nasir Elwalid Fadul 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Dental caries or tooth decay is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in adults and children worldwide, as it affects 60–90% of school-aged children and the vast majority of adults, and it is the primary cause of pain and tooth loss in the oral cavity.

Aims:
This retrospective study aimed to assess the level of dental caries among patients attended the King Faisal University dental clinics complex during the study period.

Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based study includes all patients who attended from September-December 2021. Secondary data included the level of dental caries experience, calculus level, plaque level using the oral hygiene index, and an assessment of dietary habits and oral health-related behaviors. We used frequencies for the categorical variables while mean (SD ±) for the quantitative variables, t-test with mean differences, and Pearson Correlation with 95% Confidence Intervals and 0.05 P-values as the significance level.

Results and Discussion:
255 patients with a mean age of 28.21-year (SD ± 12.9), (42%) of them had generalized plaque, (25.9%) had generalized calculus, and (81.6%) had oral hygiene index scores ranging between 2 to 4. The prevalence of dental caries among the patients was (99.2%) with a DMFT mean of 9.51-teeth (SD ± 5.6). DMFT was significantly associated with the level of calculus as those with generalized calculus had a higher DMFT compared to localized, and was significantly associated with health education received (P-value 0.005, P = 0.028). Self-care evaluation and weekly dietary practices significantly correlated to dental caries’ level (Pearson Correlation - 0.28 and 0.14, P-values 0.00 and 0.03, respectively).

Conclusion:
This study reported a high level of dental caries experience, which is in accordance with the level in Saudi Arabia reported by other studies. The study also demonstrated the relation of the level of dental caries with the level of calculus as well as behavioral aspects such as self-care evaluation, weekly diet practices, and dietary habits factors.
Allium sativum
Authors: Chugh Nidhi , Desai Vela , Sharma Rajeev , Chandwani Paresh 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
India is known for practicing different systems of medicine like allopathy, ayurveda, homoeopathy, naturopathy, siddha, unani, and yoga.(1) Herbal medicine is quite popular in India and among various herbal drugs Garlic;[Allium sativum] is among the oldest of all cultivated plants. Garlic is cultivated almost all over the world, originated in central Asia, and then spread to other countries. As there are limited articles that summarizes the effects of garlic, on oral health the hidden role of garlic needs to be acknowledged.

Aim:
To highlight role of garlic in oral medicine.

Materials and Methods:
Various search engines (sky hub, Google scholar etc.) were used and data was collected from January 2021 to March 2021 for conducting this narrative review using the term “garlic” with combination of term “oral disease”.

Results and Discussion:
Garlic was found to be highly safe and effective remedy for various Oro-mucosal disorders as it causes less economic burden

Conclusion:
Garlic increases patient compliance because of the herbal approach and fewer side effects making in an effective nutraceutical.
The effect of thermocycling on the color stability of high translucency monolithic lithium disilicate and cubic zirconia materials
Authors: Mezied Maha Suliman 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
The color stability and esthetic is an important factor of the long-term clinical success of dental ceramic restorations. However, the impact of thermocycling on the color stability of high translucency monolithic lithium disilicate and cubic zirconia materials is not well known.

Aim:
To evaluate the effect of thermocycling on the color stability of three types of monolithic cubic zirconia compared with one type of lithium disilicate.

Materials and Methods:
A Four groups of 10 disc-shaped specimens (10 mm x 1.2 mm) were made from: One brand of lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD® HT (E.max)) as a control, and three brands of cubic zirconia (Katana UTML, Cercon XT, and Ceramill Zolid FX UT) as experimental groups. Color analysis of specimens were performed before and after thermocycling by using a Spectrophotometer (Hunterlab, EasyMatch QC. Ver 4.90). Then, same discs were subjected to thermocycling for 10000 cycles. The data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test. Data analyses were evaluated at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results and Discussion:
Parameters L*, a*, and b* were statistically significant differences before and after AAA among groups (P<0.001). The IPS e.max CAD® HT showed the greatest change in color (ΔE= 2.15±0.24), followed by Cercon XT (ΔE= 1.70±0.22), Ceramill Zolid FX UT (ΔE= 1.44±0.25), and least change in color was Katana UTML (ΔE= 1.41±0.41). The Tukey's post hoc test, showed that the IPS e.max CAD® HT had significant changes when compared to the other materials (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
The effect of thermocycling on the color stability in this study results were significant effect in the (ΔE) of the four tested materials. The IPS e.max CAD® HT the greatest change in color and the and least change in color was Katana UTML. The color difference was significant within all groups, but changes were not a clinically perceivable.
Comparison of Vitamin-D binding protein levels in gingival crevicular fluid of pre- and postmenopausal women with and without chronic periodontitis: A clinico-biochemical study
Authors: Balasubramaniyam Kaviya , Sree Sankar Lakshmi , Jayavel Kavitha , Krishnan V. , Sundaram Rajasekar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory condition that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth, and menopause can contribute to its progression. Vitamin-D Binding Protein (DBP) is a multifunctional protein that acts as an acute phase reactant and plays a key role in bone metabolism.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess and compare DBP levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) of pre- and postmenopausal women with and without chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-two female participants aged 35–60 were selected from outpatients’ clinics and divided into premenopausal and postmenopausal groups. Plaque index, gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were measured. GCF DBP levels were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

Results:
There was a significant correlation between menopausal status and periodontal status in relation to GCF DBP levels (P = 0.000). However, regardless of the menopausal status, participants with periodontitis exhibited a five-fold increase in mean GCF DBP levels compared to those without periodontitis. There was a significant positive correlation existed between the periodontal parameters and GCF DBP levels.

Conclusion:
Based on the findings, we conclude that GCF DBP is influenced more by participants’ periodontal health than by their menopausal status, and it correlates favorably with the degree of periodontal destruction.
Hydatid cyst of the infraspinatus muscle
Authors: Nivasarkar Sanat D. , Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Silodia Ashutosh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Muscle hydatidosis is rare accounting only for 3%–5% of cases. Until now, only one case of muscular hydatidosis involving the infraspinatus muscle has been recorded. Hereby, we present a case report of primary hydatidosis of infraspinatus muscle in a 32-year-old woman from Central India who presented with painful soft-tissue swelling. Ultrasonography appearance was consistent with that of hydatid cyst; while serology was negative, pericystectomy was performed, and the diagnosis was confirmed. The patient was followed up for a period of 6 months, and no recurrence was noted. Hydatid cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft-tissue swellings, particularly in endemic regions.
Construction and evaluation of a liver cancer risk prediction model based on machine learning
Authors: Wang Ying-Ying , Yang Wan-Xia , Du Qia-Jun , Liu Zhen-Hua , Lu Ming-Hua , You Chong-Ge 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Liver cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide, and its early detection and treatment are crucial for enhancing patient survival rates and quality of life. However, the early symptoms of liver cancer are often not obvious, resulting in a late-stage diagnosis in many patients, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of treatment. Developing a highly targeted, widely applicable, and practical risk prediction model for liver cancer is crucial for enhancing the early diagnosis and long-term survival rates among affected individuals.
AIM
To develop a liver cancer risk prediction model by employing machine learning techniques, and subsequently assess its performance.
METHODS
In this study, a total of 550 patients were enrolled, with 190 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 195 cirrhosis patients serving as the training cohort, and 83 HCC and 82 cirrhosis patients forming the validation cohort. Logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models were developed in the training cohort. Model performance was assessed in the validation cohort. Additionally, this study conducted a comparative evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy between the ASAP model and the model developed in this study using receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) to determine the optimal predictive model for assessing liver cancer risk.
RESULTS
Six variables including age, white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet counts, alpha-fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II levels were used to develop LR, SVM, RF, and LASSO regression models. The RF model exhibited superior discrimination, and the area under curve of the training and validation sets was 0.969 and 0.858, respectively. These values significantly surpassed those of the LR (0.850 and 0.827), SVM (0.860 and 0.803), LASSO regression (0.845 and 0.831), and ASAP (0.866 and 0.813) models. Furthermore, calibration and DCA indicated that the RF model exhibited robust calibration and clinical validity.
CONCLUSION
The RF model demonstrated excellent prediction capabilities for HCC and can facilitate early diagnosis of HCC in clinical practice.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor II: A possible biomarker of poor prognosis and mediator of immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Hui-Yuan , Jing Yi-Ming , Shen Xue , Tang Ming-Yue , Shen Hong-Hong , Li Xin-Wei , Wang Zi-Shu , Su Fang 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
The incidence of primary liver cancer is increasing year by year. In 2022 alone, more than 900000 people were diagnosed with liver cancer worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for 75%-85% of cases. HCC is the most common primary liver cancer. China has the highest incidence and mortality rate of HCC in the world, and it is one of the malignant tumors that seriously threaten the health of Chinese people. The onset of liver cancer is occult, the early cases lack typical clinical symptoms, and most of the patients are already in the middle and late stage when diagnosed. Therefore, it is very important to find new markers for the early detection and diagnosis of liver cancer, improve the therapeutic effect, and improve the prognosis of patients. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2 (PTPN2) has been shown to be associated with colorectal cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and prostate cancer, but its biological role and function in tumors remain to be further studied.
AIM
To combine the results of relevant data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to provide the first in-depth analysis of the biological role of PTPN2 in HCC.
METHODS
The expression of PTPN2 in HCC was first analyzed based on the TCGA database, and the findings were then verified by immunohistochemical staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunoblotting. The value of PTPN2 in predicting the survival of patients with HCC was assessed by analyzing the relationship between PTPN2 expression in HCC tissues and clinicopathological features. Finally, the potential of PTPN2 affecting immune escape of liver cancer was evaluated by tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion and immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS
The results of immunohistochemical staining, qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting in combination with TCGA database analysis showed that PTPN2 was highly expressed and associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that PTPN2 was associated with various pathways, including cancer-related pathways, the Notch signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that PTPN2 was highly expressed in various immune-related pathways, such as the epithelial mesenchymal transition process. A risk model score based on PTPN2 showed that immune escape was significantly enhanced in the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group.
CONCLUSION
This study investigated PTPN2 from multiple biological perspectives, revealing that PTPN2 can function as a biomarker of poor prognosis and mediate immune evasion in HCC.