bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Unconstitutional Practices of the Judicial Service Commission under the Guise of Judicial Transformation: Cape Bar Council V Judicial Service Commission [2012] 2 ALL 143 (WCC)
Authors: Radebe Martha Keneilwe 
Published: April 2017

This contribution aims to point out valuable lessons from the shortcomings of the Judicial Service Commission as highlighted in the case of The Cape Bar Council v The Judicial Service Commission. The case involved the failure by the Judicial Service Commission to fill vacancies at the Western Cape High Court despite there being highly eligible candidates available for appointment. The judgment serves as a reminder to the Judicial Service Commission that as a public functionary it is subject to the rule of law and to the constitutional principles of accountability and transparency. Public functionaries are further reminded that they are subject to constitutional control. Such control is essential in ensuring that any abuse of power does not take place.
The Myth of Objectivity: Implicit Racial Bias and the Law (Part 1)
Authors: Gravett Willem Hendrik 
Published: April 2017

The centrality of race to our history and the substantial racial inequalities that continue to pervade society ensure that "race" remains an extraordinarily salient and meaningful social category. Explicit racial prejudice, however, is only part of the problem. Equally important - and likely more pervasive - is the phenomenon of implicit racial prejudice: the cognitive processes whereby, despite even our best intentions, the human mind automatically classifies information in racial categories and against disfavoured social groups. Empirical research shows convincingly that these biases against socially disfavoured groups are (i) pervasive; (ii) often diverge from consciously reported attitudes and beliefs; and (iii) influence consequential behaviour towards the subjects of these biases. The existence of implicit racial prejudices poses a challenge to legal theory and practice. From the standpoint of a legal system that seeks to forbid differential treatment based upon race or other protected traits, if people are in fact treated differently, and worse, because of their race or other protected trait, then the fundamental principle of anti-discrimination has been violated. It hardly matters that the source of the differential treatment is implicit rather than conscious bias. This article investigates the relevance of this research to the law by means of an empirical account of how implicit racial bias could affect the criminal trial trajectory in the areas of policing, prosecutorial discretion and judicial decision-making. It is the author's hypothesis that this mostly American research also applies to South Africa. The empirical evidence of implicit biases in every country tested shows that people are systematically implicitly biased in favour of socially privileged groups. Even after 1994 South Africa – similar to the US – continues to be characterised by a pronounced social hierarchy in which Whites overwhelmingly have the highest social status. The author argues that the law should normatively take cognizance of this issue. After all, the mere fact that we may not be aware of, much less consciously intend, race-contingent behaviour does not magically erase the harm. The article concludes by addressing the question of the appropriate response of the law and legal role players to the problem of implicit racial bias.
Lecciones aprendidas al enfrentar los efectos de eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos en los sistemas agrícolas y Servicios ecosistémicos en América Latina
Authors: Santos Dávila Jose Luis , Monteiro Joyce , Ceballos Darío , Soto Jorge 
Published: April 2017

<p>En este trabajo realizamos una exploración inicial sobre medidas de adaptación implementadas en nuestra región frente a Eventos Hidrometeorológicos Extremos (EHE) en zonas rurales, identificando tanto experiencias positivas como negativas. Estas medidas son extraídas de estudios de casos realizados en sitios seleccionados en Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia y Ecuador; describiendo las experiencias de diferentes actores y organizaciones sociales. Se utilizaron tanto fuentes primarias (expertos, involucrados/afectados) como secundarias (bases de datos, artículos científicos, publicaciones oficiales, notas de prensa, etc.).</p><p> El primer desafío encontrado fue la definición de EHE; en primer lugar, puesto que la misma cambia si se la enfoca desde el punto de vista meteorológico o hidrológico; en segundo lugar no existe acuerdo en la definición de valores límites para caracterizar estos eventos dentro de la región, dadas sus características socio-ambientales; y en tercer lugar en muchos de los sitios donde se realizó este estudio no existen registros lo suficientemente largos y confiables para poder cuantificar los EHE. En vista de lo anterior decidimos utilizar una definición “empírica” de EHE, dejando que sean los actores sociales que vivieron la experiencia los que determinen cuando ocurrió un evento de esa naturaleza.</p><p> </p><p>A pesar de las diferencias en la vulnerabilidad y los impactos sobre los paisajes rurales que se encuentran en cada estudio de caso, esta investigación sugiere que la gestión integrada de los paisajes a nivel comunitario permite a los productores agrícolas adoptar medidas de adaptación a su debido tiempo y preparar a las comunidades rurales para enfrentarse y responder ante la ocurrencia de EHE. Esto ilustra la importancia de mantener paisajes multifuncionales, donde los agroecosistemas se combinan con ecosistemas para amortiguar el impacto negativo de los EHE, principalmente a través de procesos de regulación hídrica.</p><p> Finalmente entre las lecciones aprendidas más importantes se identificaron las siguientes: La demanda de una adecuada transferencia de la información; la necesidad de promoción del capital social; la importancia de tener un Estado desempeñando un rol proactivo; la relevancia de tener una prensa que oriente y no escandalice; y la necesidad de contar con mecanismos óptimos para estimación de costos.</p>
Propagación in vitro de Geranium chilloense Willd. ex Kunth. para la obtención de plantas completas.
Authors: Benavides Thaly , Córdova Adriana , Vaca Ivonne 
Published: April 2017

<p><em>Geranium chilloense </em>Willd. Ex Kunth es conocida con el nombre de geranio de los chillos, es una planta ornamental, nativa de Los Andes que se la encuentra de manera silvestre en las quebradas del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito y forma parte de la historia de la flora nativa de Quito ya que ha sido descrita desde la expedición de Alexander Humboldt y Aimé Bonpland en 1802. </p><p> </p><p>El presente estudio presenta un protocolo de propagación <em>in vitro</em> de <em>Geranium chilloense</em> Willd. ex Kunth, para la obtención de plantas completas. Para la germinación <em>in </em>vitro, se evaluaron dos escarificaciones, tres protocolos de desinfección y tres concentraciones de sales MS. La escarificación recomendada consiste en tres días de hidratación, seguida de una inmersión de dos horas en una dilución de ácido acético (10%), ya que permitió obtener un porcentaje de germinación del 31%. Para la desinfección se seleccionó el protocolo P3 con etanol al 70% (1 min), hipoclorito de sodio al 20% v/v (1,2 p.a) más tween (20 min), al obtener baja contaminación fúngica (3%). Mientras que, para la introducción al medio de cultivo, se recomiendan las sales MS reducidas al 25% de su concentración, ya que resultó en mayor porcentaje de germinación (41%). Para la multiplicación se evaluaron concentraciones e interacciones de reguladores de crecimiento, se recomienda el uso del tratamiento T2 (AIA 0,5 ppm), ya que logró el mayor número de brotes por explante (3,88). Finalmente, en la fase adaptación al sustrato se evaluó turba y fiobra de coco, resultando la turba estéril el sustrato que presentó los mayores porcentajes para la variable prendimiento (81%).</p>
Broad ligament ectopic pregnancy: a dilemma to diagnose
Authors: Mittal Shweta , Gupta Vinita , Chawla Dolly , Pundir Seema 
Published: April 2017

Broad ligament ectopic pregnancy is a rare and serious form of extrauterine pregnancy with a high risk of maternal mortality. There are no specific clinical features. Ultrasonography may help in diagnosis but definitive diagnosis is made only during surgery. A 20-year-old woman with previous 2 abortions presented with acute abdomen. She had no history of amenorrhoea but there was history of two episodes of bleeding in the last month at an interval of 14 days, each episode lasting for two-three days. The last episode of bleeding was 10 days back. Her urine pregnancy test was done and it was positive. There was marked abdominal tenderness with guarding and rigidity. Per vaginal examination revealed marked tenderness in the right fornix and cervical motion tenderness, uterus size could not be assessed due to tenderness. It was diagnosed as a case of ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Since she was haemodynamically unstable, emergency laparotomy was done. She had a right sided broad ligament ectopic pregnancy which had ruptured. The tissue was completely removed and haemostatic sutures were taken. High index of clinical suspicion, early diagnosis and prompt surgery is the key to management.
Adoção de Soropositivos: experiência e convívio no acolhimento institucional na Casa Sagrada Família
Authors: Dos Santos André Filipe Pereira Reid , Da Silva Luiza Dalmaso 
Published: April 2017

Resumo: o presente artigo visa abordar o perfil da criança e do adolescente propenso à adoção na Casa Sagrada Família, no Estado do Espírito Santo. Nessa perspectiva, apresenta-se histórico-social da infância no Brasil. Em seguida, analisa-se o instituto
da adoção e prossegue para a análise da adoção de crianças e adolescentes soropositivos, apontando-se os termos clínicos e as necessidades singulares do portador do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV). Considerando-se a importância do convívio e da
aproximação com o acolhimento institucional das crianças e adolescentes na Casa Sagrada Família, apresenta-se uma descrição densa do acolhimento institucional, analisando os aspectos sociais e jurídicos das crianças e adolescentes soropositivos que passaram pelo acolhimento.
Palavras-chave: Crianças e Adolescentes. Adoção. Soropositivo. Casa Sagrada Família.
Cultura e Sociedade: as efemérides no contexto das Sociedades Portuguesas de Beneficência do Rio Grande do Sul no século XIX.
Authors: Chaves Larissa Patron 
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho trata do estudo de efemérides e seus simbolos, realizadas nas Sociedades Portuguesas de Beneficência do sul do Brasil, bem como a sua representação articulada nas cidades de Porto Alegre, Pelotas, Rio Grande e Bagé. A Sociedade Portuguesa de Beneficência é uma instituição hospitalar criada por imigrantes portugueses no Brasil e no mundo colonial português, a partir da segunda metade do século XIX, dependente do pagamento e de doações advindas, normalmente, dos seus associados. Na Província, as funções primordiais das beneficências pautavam-se pela promoção da representação pública dos imigrantes como indivíduos de boa educação e cultura, e também na promoção à devoção régia da monarquia portuguesa, o que revela relações simbólicas de poder, que atravessam o funcionamento dessas instituições. Neste sentido, o estudo analisa como os eventos, materializados pelas comemorações de efemérides e seus simbolos imagéticos configuram a representação do espaço de atuação português nas comunidades locais e Portugal, numa rede de relações intenrnacionais que perpetuam a expansão. O apoio e a proteção do monarca português, representado de diferentes formas, de edifícios sede a retratos do Rei, foram relevantes para a projeção local/regional dos seus associados.
PERANAN ULAMA BANJAR ABAD KE-20 DALAM TRADISI PENULISAN HADIS ARBA’ĪN DI BANJAR DAN MALAYSIA
Authors: Said Iderus Muhammad Hasan 
Published: April 2017

Banjar is famous for its great scholars and have an important role in the Islamic world. In this study, Banjarese scholars had passions and purposes to enhance, strengthen and develop the tradition of writingHadith. The books of hadith they wrote is not only applicable in Islamic boarding school but also for public usage in this country as well as other countries.Banjarese scholars who was related to hadith ArbaCin the 20th century were Kasyful Muhammad Anwar, Anang Syacrani Arif, Muhammad Syukeri Unus, and Ahmad Fahmi Zamzam. This study attempts to explain the background of those scholars and their roles in the scientific tradition of Hadith in Banjar as an effort to introduce the Islamic scholars in Nusantara to Islamic world. This research is based on analysis of historical and biographical data obtained from the collection of documentsand processed descriptively. The study found that the role of Banjarese scholars in the 20th century gave a new nuance to the study of hadith in Banjar and Malaysia.
PERSEPSI ULAMA KOTA BANJARMASIN TERHADAP TINDAKAN ANAK YANG MENEMPATKAN ORANG TUANYA DI PANTI JOMPO DALAM PERSPEKTIF ETIKA ISLAM
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Syadzali Ahmad 
Published: April 2017

This study wants to tell about a fact that there many people have less awareness with their duty as a child to their parents aged, moreover when they have a good position and have many activities with his jobs. Some children put their parents in an old folks’ home because they cannot take after them well. This action absolutely does not reflect an implementation of command of Allah that is to dedicate to their parents. Because of that, it needs to have responses of Ulama about this problem and it needs to get explanations about children’s ethics on their parents as well as teaching in Islam.
PERBANDINGAN SHALAT DAN LAKU MANEMBAH ALIRAN KEBATINAN PANGESTU DAN SUMARAH
Authors: Widjayanti Rosmaria Syafariah 
Published: April 2017

Adherents of Islam on Java community can be distinguished by the adherents of Islam who are santri or abangan. Muslim santri are adherents of Islam are actually based on the Koran, while the abangan Islam is a follower of Islam that unites the elements of local cultural beliefs and previous pre-Hindu, Hindu Islamic beliefs. Adherents of this syncretic Islam due to the influence and dynamism animissme ancestor’s life and under the influence of Hinduism who entered the archipelago before the arrival of Islam.
Wybrane aspekty tekstów jednolitych samorządowych aktów prawa miejscowego
Authors: Lewicki Marek 
Published: April 2017

Praktyka wielokrotnego nowelizowania aktu normatywnego rodzi problemy w ustaleniu obowiązującej treści tego aktu. Problemy te eliminować ma instytucja tekstu jednolitego. Niniejsze opracowanie poświęcone zostało wybranym aspektom tej instytucji prawnej w odniesieniu do aktów prawa miejscowego. Przybliża ono regulacje normujące obowiązek ogłaszania tych tekstów, ich charakter prawny, a także zasady eliminowania zaistniałych w nich błędów. Podkreśla się również konieczność dokładania najwyższej staranności przy ich redagowaniu w celu zapobieżenia pojawiania się w obrocie prawnym tekstów jednolitych niezgodnych z obowiązującym stanem prawnym.
Natural Correction and Adaptation of a Severely Deformed Sacral Dome in an Adolescent with Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Yamashita Kazuta , Higashino Kosaku , Sakai Toshinori , Takata Yoichiro , Nagamachi Akihiro , Sairyo Koichi 
Published: April 2017

Case:
A spinal deformity with wedging of L5 and rounding of the surface of the sacral dome is very common in pediatric patients with spondylolisthesis at the L5 vertebral level, and it has been well documented that severe spondylolisthesis is a good indication for spinal arthrodesis. We report the natural correction and adaptation of a severely deformed sacral dome with slippage (40.8%) in a pediatric patient with nonoperative treatment.

Conclusion:
Vertebral deformity in children can be reversible. Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware that pediatric patients with a severe deformity of the sacral dome and vertebral slippage can be managed nonoperatively.
Periosteal Ewing Sarcoma in a 65-Year-Old Man
Authors: Bedard Julia , Burns Jessica , de Comas Amalia 
Published: April 2017

Case:
Ewing sarcoma is predominantly a pediatric bone malignancy involving the medullary canal. Periosteal Ewing sarcoma, a subtype arising from the periosteum, is exceedingly rare, with approximately 30 reported cases in the literature. We describe a case of periosteal Ewing sarcoma in the tibia of a 65-year-old man. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneous mass in the proximal tibial diaphysis without medullary involvement. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically after biopsy. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radical resection, and adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this case report describes the oldest documented patient with periosteal Ewing sarcoma.
Embedding TEL in an initial course in Teaching & Learning in HE: a co-design approach
Authors: Robinson Francesca 
Published: April 2017

This research project explored how best to embed the use of social web tools in an initial teacher education programme by involving participants in the design process. A mixed-methods approach was used to find out participants’ experience of participatory learning using social web tools and interest in learning more about their use in higher education as part of the course. It also sought out participants’ preferred ways of learning and levels of interest in giving and receiving peer support. Results indicate that overall many participants have experience of using a range of social web tools as students, professionally or for personal use. The social web tools most participants selected to learn more about were cloud-based software for creating slides and topic curation tools and the least popular choices were video and podcast creation for courses or as assignments for students. Although participants expressed interest in a range of ways of learning, using the technology as part of a session and reading a bi-monthly newsletter were the most popular means. A proposal for introducing social web tools into the programme was made following on from the findings and the activities have been reviewed and adapted as part of an ongoing process.
Nitrifying Kinetics and the Persistence of Nitrite in the Seine River, France
Authors: Raimonet M. , Cazier T. , Rocher V. , Laverman A. M. 
Published: April 2017

Although a higher oxidation rate for nitrite than for ammonia generally prevents nitrite accumulation in oxic waters, nitrite concentrations in the Seine River (1–31 μM) exceed European norms. We investigated the kinetics of in situ ammonia‐ and nitrite‐oxidizing communities in river water and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents to determine the role of pelagic nitrification in the origin and persistence of nitrite downstream of Paris. The main source of nitrite is the major Parisian WWTP, and its persistence, up to tens of kilometers downstream of the plant, is explained by low ammonia and nitrite oxidation rates and high river flow. Furthermore, similar nitrite and ammonia oxidation rates preclude a rapid consumption of both preexisting nitrite and nitrite produced by ammonia oxidation. Maximum ammonia oxidation rates are two to three times higher downstream than upstream of the WWTP, indicating the input of ammonia oxidizers and ammonia from the WWTP. In both river water and WWTP effluents, nitrite oxidizers were unable to oxidize all available nitrite. In the human‐impacted Seine River, this phenomenon might be due to mixotrophy. This study highlights the low resilience of the river to nitrite contamination as well as the importance of managing nitrite, nitrifiers, and organic matter concentrations in WWTP effluents to avoid nitrite persistence in rivers.Core Ideas
Nitrite in the Seine River mostly originates from wastewater treatment plant effluents.
Nitrite persists in the river because of similar ammonia and nitrite oxidation rates.
Despite high nitrite concentrations, relatively low nitrite oxidation rates occur, possibly due to mixotrophy.
Potential Environmental Benefits from Blending Biosolids with Other Organic Amendments before Application to Land
Authors: Paramashivam Dharini , Dickinson Nicholas M. , Clough Timothy J. , Horswell Jacqui , Robinson Brett H. 
Published: April 2017

Biosolids disposal to landfill or through incineration is wasteful of a resource that is rich in organic matter and plant nutrients. Land application can improve soil fertility and enhance crop production but may result in excessive nitrate N (NO3−–N) leaching and residual contamination from pathogens, heavy metals, and xenobiotics. This paper evaluates evidence that these concerns can be reduced significantly by blending biosolids with organic materials to reduce the environmental impact of biosolids application to soils. It appears feasible to combine organic waste streams for use as a resource to build or amend degraded soils. Sawdust and partially pyrolyzed biochars provide an opportunity to reduce the environmental impact of biosolids application, with studies showing reductions of NO3−–N leaching of 40 to 80%. However, other organic amendments including lignite coal waste may result in excessive NO3−–N leaching. Field trials combining biosolids and biochars for rehabilitation of degraded forest and ecological restoration are recommended.Core Ideas
Landfilling or burning biosolids is an expensive waste of a valuable resource.
High rates of biosolids restore degraded soil but cause excessive nitrate leaching.
Combining biosolids with other biowastes can mitigate nitrate leaching.
Dried, but not wet, wood waste effectively mitigates nitrate leaching.
Partial pyrolysis of wood waste may provide energy‐neutral drying.
Análisis estructural de dos áreas del matorral espinoso tamaulipeco del noreste de México
Authors: Pequeño-Ledezma Miguel Angel , Alanís-Rodríguez Eduardo , Jiménez-Pérez Javier , Aguirre-Calderón Oscar Alberto , González-Tagle Marco Aurelio , Molina-Guerra Victor Manuel 
Published: April 2017

Se evaluó la composición, estructura y diversidad vegetal de dos áreas del matorral espinoso tamaulipeco (loma y valle) para conocer sus principales diferencias o similitudes. El matorral de porte bajo se ubica en lomeríos, donde el suelo es somero, mayormente pedregoso y la disponibilidad de agua en la zona se limita a las temporadas de lluvia de la región, mientras que el matorral de porte alto se localiza en una zona de caudal intermitente el cual aparece en temporadas de lluvias y forma un cuerpo de agua temporal y los suelos son profundos. En cada área se establecieron 3 sitios de muestreo de 40 m × 40 m para evaluar la vegetación arbórea y arbustiva. Se estimó el índice de valor de importancia y la diversidad (alfa y beta) así como el índice de similitud de Sorensen Cuantitativo. En total se registraron 17 especies pertenecientes a 11 familias y 15 géneros. La familia con mayor presencia en el estudio fue Fabaceae con 7 especies. El área de matorral con porte alto presentó 14 especies, mientras el área de matorral en porte bajo presentó solamente 7 especies. Las comunidades evaluadas presentan una similitud baja (19%). Mediante la presente investigación se concluye que los dos tipos de matorrales presentes en la zona de estudio registran diferencias significativas entre sí en densidad, área de copa, riqueza y diversidad. Asimismo se concluye que comparten cuatro especies del total de 17 presentes en ambas zonas de estudio.