bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driving to Top Quartile Well, Reservoir and Facility Management Through Process Standardization and System Integration
Authors: Clinton Robert , Paterson Paul , Adun David , Vosloo Jacques , Wallace Chris , Vosbergen Remmert , Doup Marcel , Parvin Rad 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Integrated Production Surveillance Tools are gaining wider recognition and adoption in E&P organizations as an effective technology enabler. Key operational data is now at the finger-tips of end-users, enhancing efficient diagnosis and optimization of production issues.
This paper will focus on Shell's ongoing journey from process standardization, toolkit development to early deployments and lessons learnt along the way. Best practices, our value delivery approach and usage metrics collected to date will also be shared.
Shell has embarked on a journey to improve the execution of Well, Reservoir and Facility management (WRFM) in its operated assets. This multi-year programme involved standardization of best practice business processes. A comprehensive, integrated surveillance capability was identified as key to this standardization drive. In 2013, Shell started a project to develop and deploy "The WRFM Next Generation Surveillance toolkit".
The project applies a broadly consistent, systematic, iterative approach to product development and deployment allowing for continuous input from the business thus helping to build ownership of the surveillance toolkit when in production.
The project successfully developed the first suite of tool capabilities to support the following business processes:
– Production reports and charts to quickly highlight deviations from plan for daily and monthly reviews. – Non-Compliance summary report for well and surface facilities. – Exception Based Surveillance for well and surface facilities using complex algorithms and multiple real-time data sources. – Live Operating Envelopes and multi-variable real-time trends for well and surface facilities surveillance. – Well comparison charts, Creaming curves and integrated limit diagrams for production system optimisation.
Given the geographically diverse user base, high usage frequency and large data volumes, the surveillance toolkit is built using new technology that offers a cost effective solution to meet very high performance standards and visualization capabilities.
Inheritance of Sterile Brachytic and Sterile Dwarf Plants in Peanut
Authors: Branch W. D. , Clevenger J. P. , Schwartz B. M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTInfraspecific cross combinations between the two subspecies of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea and ssp. fastigiata) result in sterile brachytic plants. These sterile brachytic plants have short stem internodes with clustering of the four leaflets without apparent rachis, shortened petiole, and absent of flowers. In the present study, phenotypically similar sterile dwarf plants were also found but with apparently fertile pollen, female sterile flowers, and visible rachis and petiolate leaflets, within subspecies hypogaea cross combination. Inheritance data suggested two or four recessive genes controlling the sterile brachytic plants found in F2 populations between the two subspecies hypogaea x fastigiata crosses. However, only one recessive gene (sdw) was proposed for the similar sterile dwarf plants found in different F2 populations within ssp. hypogaea x hypogaea crosses.
Book Reviews
Authors: Jackson Sam , Bakos Áron , Refslund Sørensen Birgitte , Weisdorf Matti 
Published: August 2016

FAR-RIGHT FANTASY: A Sociology of American Religion and Politics
By James Aho. New York: Routledge, 2016. 168 pp. Paper ISBN 978-1-138-96242-2.
Review by Sam JacksonLIMINALITY AND THE MODERN: Living through the In-Between
By Bjørn Thomassen. Farnham, Surrey; Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2014, 263. Hardcover. ISBN 978-1-4094-6080-0
Review by Áron BakosAFTER WAR: The Weight of Life at Walter Reed
By Zoë Wool. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015. 264 pp. Paperback. ISBN: 9780822360032.
Review by Birgitte Refslund Sørensen and Matti Weisdorf
Role of single dose prophylactic antibiotic in elective caesarean section
Authors: Pervin Hasna Hena , Kazal Rezaul Karim , Begum Kazi Farhana , Islam Nilufar , Rahman Reefat , Ara Rowshan , Noor Farah 
Published: August 2016

Background: Maternal morbidity related to infection after caesarean section has been reported to be higher than that of vaginal delivery. The prevention of infection in patients undergoing caesarean section is a major challenge, particularly in hospitals, where there is frequent chance of cross infection due to overcrowding. Objective: The present study was undertaken to see the efficacy of single dose cetriaxone as a prophylaxis in elective caesarean section to prevent postop­erative infection. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 100 patients who underwent elective caesarean section where single dose of Ceftriaxone was used as prophylaxis in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Bang­abandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital, between January to June 2010. The outcomes measures were post­operative febrile morbidity, wound infe-ction and other infections (urinary tract infection, chest infection). Data were analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 11.5.Results: Over one-third (38%) patients age group was between 18 -25 years, 56% in between 25 -35 years and 6% were over 35 years old. Nearly half(46%) was anemic (haemoglobin< 11 g/dl) and 16% was obese (BMI?28 kg/m2). All the patients were operated by obstetricians of same level. Three per cent patients developed wound infection, 5% developed other infections like UTI and chest infection and 7% had febrile illness. Among the several factors suspected to be associated with post operative complications, preoperative anaemia, long duration of operation (>60 minutes) and prolonged hospital stay (>1 week) were found to be significantly assocated with postoperative complications.Conclusion: The present study suggests that single dose prophylactic antibiotic ceftriaxone given 1 hour before operation in patients with cesarean section deliveries reduces the chance of postoperative infection to a bare minimum.
Efficacy of prophylactic phototherapy for prevention of hyperbilirubinemia in very low birth weight newborns
Authors: Mannan M. A. , Jahan Ismat , Moni Sadeka Choudhury , Hasan Zahidul , Dey Arjun Chandra , Shahidullah Mohammod 
Published: August 2016

Background: Jaundice is a common clinical condition in newborn occurring in approximately 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is universally common in all preterm infants especially in newborns with very low biLth weight. Low birth weight and premature infants are at major risk for exaggerated hyperbilirubinemia that can lead to bilirubin encephalopathy. Significant heterogeneity in the approach to the treatment of jaundiced neonates exists throughout the world. Phototherapy is the most common treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and could be most effective in preventing the sequelae of hyperbilirubinemia if initiated prophylactically. This randomized clinical trial has been proposed with the objective of assessing the efficacy of prophylactic photo therapy in preventing significant rise of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in premature neonates weighing less than 1500 gram and therefore to decrease the need for exchange transfusion and finally to reduce hospital stay due to hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled sixty newborns with birth weight less than 1500 gram. They were divided into two groups: 1) Prophylactic group, in whom phototherapy was started within 24 hours of birth and continued for 7 days and 2) Control group in whom therapeutic phototherapy was started considering serum bilirubin level and other clinical condi­tions as per institutional guidelines. Mean value of total serum bilirubin (TSB), duration of phototherapy, the need for exchange transfusion and duration of hospital stay in both groups were analyzed.Results: The maximum mean TSB level in prophylactic group was observed on 7th day and in control group it was observed on 3rd day of life. The total serum bilirubin levels were significantly lower in the 3rd and 5th days of life in the prophylactic group in comparison to control group (P value 0.001). Total serum bilirubin level exceeded therapeutic range in 6 (21 %) and 14 (50 %) newborns of the prophylactic group and control groups respectively (P value 0.026). No documented side effects of prophylactic photo­therapy was observed. Conclusion: The use of prophylactic photo therapy for infants weighing less than 1500 grn is effec­tive and sate when compared to the control group, considering satisfactory maintenance of low total serum bilimbin levels during first 7 days of life.
Combining Placido and Corneal Wavefront Data for the Detection of Forme Fruste Keratoconus
Authors: Saad Alain , Gatinel Damien 
Published: August 2016

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the accuracy of a new objective method based on Placido disk-derived data for the detection of eyes at risk of ectasia.

METHODS:
One hundred nineteen eyes of 176 patients were included and separated into two groups, normal and forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC), using automated corneal classification software. Normal eyes (n = 114) were classified as negative for keratoconus and keratoconus suspect and had undergone LASIK with unremarkable follow-up for 4 years. The FFKC group was composed of 62 topographically normal eyes of patients with keratoconus in the fellow eye. Anterior topographic parameters, obtained from specular topography using Placido-based indices and corneal wavefront Zernike coefficients, were compared between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify cut-off points in discriminating between keratoconic and normal eyes. Validation was performed on an external group of eyes.

RESULTS:
A discriminant function was built combining four corneal wavefront variables and four Placido variables. The area under the receiver operating characteristic was 0.970 with this eight-variable model. The validation of this function had 63% sensitivity for detecting FFKC and 100% sensitivity for detecting keratoconus, with a specificity of 82%.

CONCLUSIONS:
Indices generated from corneal wavefront and Placido measurements can assist in identifying early or mild forms of keratoconus undetected by a Placido-based neural network program.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2016;32(8):510–516.]
Occurrence of Needlestick and Injuries among Health-care Workers of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in North India
Authors: Goel Varun , Kumar Dinesh , Lingaiah Raghavendra , Singh Sarman 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Occupational hazards such as accidental exposure to sharp, cuts, and splashes are common among health-care workers (HCWs).
Aims and Objectives: To determine the occurrence of self-reported occupational exposures to these hazards and to know the prevalent practices following the exposure. The second aim was to know the baseline antibody levels against hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immediately after these accidents.
Methods: An observational prospective study was done in the HCWs of a tertiary care academic health organization of North India from January 2011 to December 2013. At the time of self-reporting of injury, a questionnaire was administered. Blood sample of HCWs and of the source, if identified, was collected for baseline HBV, HCV, and HIV serum markers. The exposed HCWs were followed up and repeat testing was done after 3–4 weeks for seroconversion up to 6 months.
Results: A total of 476 injuries were reported. Needlestick injury of fingers was the most common. Doctors were found to have the highest exposure rate (73.7%) distantly followed by nurses (19.1%). A significant number of the HCWs (125, 26.3%) vaccinated in past had hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titers ≥10 mIU/mL (protection defined as anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/ml). Only 44 sources were found to be seropositive (11 for HIV, 9 for HCV, and 24 for HBV). No seroconversion was seen in any of the exposed HCWs after 6 months.
Conclusions: The incidence of needlestick and sharp injuries is most often encountered in emergency wards. Anti-HBs titers were suboptimal in many of the HCWs requiring a booster dose of HBV vaccination.
Primary Nasal Tuberculosis: Resurgence or Coincidence − A Report of Four Cases with Review of Literature
Authors: Khan Sabina , Pujani Mukta , Jetley Sujata 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Primary nasal tuberculosis (TB) is a rare form of TB even in areas with high TB incidence. It is timely diagnosis and proper management are often delayed due to its rarity and nonspecific clinical presentation.
Aim: The aim of the study was to review histopathologically diagnosed cases of nasal TB over a period of 1 year and to describe its clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, the importance of histopathological diagnosis along with a brief review of the literature.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study done in the Department of Pathology of a Tertiary Care Hospital of Delhi over a period of 1 year where all the cases with histopathological diagnosis of nasal TB were reviewed. Patients’ clinical details, investigations and treatment details along with follow‑up were obtained from the medical records section. For each case, routine hematoxylin and eosin stain were studied along with Ziehl–Neelson staining.
Results: A total of four patients were diagnosed with nasal TB histopathologically. Patients’ age ranged from 5 to 34 with an equal male to female ratio. All patients were immunocompetent. Primary nasal TB was seen in all of the four cases. None of the cases, it was clinically suspected, and histopathology was the mainstay of diagnosis. All the cases were treated with antituberculous treatment and showed considerable improvement.
Conclusions: Although nasal TB is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic nasal symptoms and granulomatous lesions of the nose. Histopathology plays an important role in the diagnosis of these clinically unsuspecting cases of nasal TB.
Implementation of a Screening Program for Patients at Risk for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Roberts Carmen R. , Wofford Joanie E. , Hoy Haley M. , Faddis Mitchell N. 
Published: August 2016

Introduction Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) recipients who suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are known to be associated with significant cardiac-specific mortality. Clinical observations suggest that PTSD is frequently undetected in ICD recipients followed up at electrophysiology (EP) outpatient clinics. Early recognition of PTSD is important to reduce the risk of serious manifestations on patient outcomes. Methods All ICD recipients aged 19 years or older at the Washington University School of Medicine (WASHU) EP clinic, a large urban EP clinic, were invited to participate in the project. An informed consent letter with an attached primary care: posttraumatic stress disorder (PC: PTSD) survey was offered to the participants who met the inclusion criteria. Those who completed the survey were included in the project. Individuals with positive survey result were offered a referral to mental health services. Comparisons between PTSD and non-PTSD patients were done using a two-sample t-test for continuous variables. Using Fisher's exact test, PTSD prevalence was compared to the study by Ladwig et al in which prevalence was determined as the proportion of patients with positive findings of PTSD ( n = 38/147). All analyses were conducted using SAS v9.4. The proportion of patients having PTSD was determined and an exact 95% confidence interval was evaluated based on the binomial distribution. Results Using a convenience sample, 50 ICD recipients (33 males and 17 females) were enrolled. The project had a 30-day outcome period. Nine (18%) of the 50 participants had positive PC: PTSD findings and all these nine participants were referred to a mental health specialist. The current project demonstrated an 18% (9/50) PTSD prevalence rate when compared to a 26% (38/147) prevalence rate in the study by Ladwig et al ( P = 0.34). Although this project did not demonstrate 20% PTSD prevalence rate, as hypothesized, the 18% PTSD prevalence rate is consistent with previous research. Conclusion The prevalence of PTSD noted in the current project is consistent with previous research and validates underrecognition of PTSD in ICD patients. Offering a referral to all ICD recipients at EP clinic visits with a positive PC: PTSD screening to a mental health specialist is an important step in reducing the risk of serious manifestations on patient outcomes.
THE AGE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROVINCELANDS HOOK, OUTER CAPE COD, MASSACHUSETTS1
Authors: Zeigler John M. , Tuttle Sherwood D. , Tasha Herman J. , Giese Graham S. 
Published: August 2016

The Provincelands Hook, an area of marshes and dunes, was built out from the northern end of the glacial deposits of Outer Cape Cod. The hook, a wedge 60 m at its thickest, of marine, beach, and dune material, rests in part on Tertiary Coastal Plain sediments that are probably only an isolated patch on the crystalline basement. About 18,000 years ago, when late Tazewell ice melted away from the region of present day Cape Cod, the Gulf of Maine was filled with ice, and Georges Bank was above sea level. Between 18,000 and 6,000 years ago, sand that eroded from the coast was moved along the east side of Cape Cod from north to south, where it accumulated as a part of the sand wave complex southeast of the cape. Waves from the east and southeast that would have tended to move sand northward along the Capo were blocked by Georges Shoals and Nantucket Shoals. By 6,000 years ago, sea level had so risen that deeper water over Georges Bank permitted more waves to reach Cape Cod from the east and southeast. The dominant direction of littoral drift which had been to the south, then received a strong north component and material moved northward, accumulating to form the Provincelands Hook.Based on 14C dates and other evidence, the hook formed between 6,000 years ago and the present and is still growing. Shoreline reconstructions are guided by 14C dates, well information, regional topography, and known behavior of hooks. It is noted that hooks are characteristic features of Cape Cod spits and tend to trap lakes behind them. The depressions containing lakes in the modern Provincelands are interpreted as low areas trapped behind hooks. A change in the growth habits of spits is thought to have taken place about 2,000 years ago, coinciding with the abrupt decrease in the rate of rise of sea level.
STUDIES ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC DETRITUS DERIVED FROM THE TURTLE GRASS THALASSIA TESTUDINUM1
Authors: Fenchel Tom 
Published: August 2016

A study was made of the quantitative composition of the microbial communities living on detrital particles derived from the turtle grass Thalassia testudinum. The number of organisms on and the rate of oxygen consumption of the detritus are approximately proportional to the total surface area. Field samples of detritus harbored about 3 × 109 bacteria, 5 × 107 flagellates, 5 × 104 ciliates, and 2 × 107 diatoms and consumed from 0.7 to 1.4 mg 02/hr per g dry wt.The detritus‐consuming amphipod Parhyalella whelpleyi feeds on detrital particles and on its own fecal pellets but it only uses the microorganisms; the dead plant residue passes undigested through the intestine. After a few days the microbial communities living on fecal pellets are qualitatively and quantitatively comparable to those living on other detrital particles.The amphipods decrease the particle size of the detritus thereby increasing its total surface and thus the microbial activity. In less than 4 days, the mechanical activity of the amphipods may increase the detrital O2 uptake by 110% of their own metabolic rate. Measurements of respiratory rates of the amphipods will therefore give a much too low estimate of their total role in the ecosystem.
THE EFFECT OF A DEPOSIT‐FEEDING AMPHIPOD ON THE METABOLISM OF BENTHIC MICROFLORA1
Authors: Hargrave Barry T. 
Published: August 2016

The density of a deposit‐feeding amphipod Hyalella azteca was varied experimentally in undisturbed sediment cores taken from Marion Lake, British Columbia. Epibenthic algal production, total community respiration, and bacterial oxygen consumption were measured after 48‐hr in situ incubation. As density increased community respiration also increased, in a nonlinear manner. Epibenthic algal production was stimulated within the range of natural amphipod densities, but declined at higher densities. Bacterial respiration was stimulated at amphipod densities up to four times those observed in the lake and also declined at higher densities.These data were used to compare microflora production with Hyalella’s daily calorific requirement at various densities. At natural densities, less than 10% of daily microflora production would be required to supply the energy necessary for observed rates of amphipod growth, respiration, and egg production.Fecal pellets produced by Hyalella were rapidly colonized by microorganisms. Autotrophic microorganisms increased, while respiration of heterotrophic microorganisms and solution decreased organic content of feces. Dissolved organic compounds excreted by Hyalella significantly increased the rate of recolonization of fecal material.
RECORDING DENSITOMETRY OF X‐RADIOGRAPHS FOR THE STUDY OF CRYPTIC LAMINATIONS IN THE SEDIMENT OF LAKE WASHINGTON
Authors: EDMONDSON W. T. , ALLISON DAVID E. 
Published: August 2016

X‐radiographs of cores of sediment from Lake Washington reveal prominent laminations not visible to the eye. Measurement of the film density with a recording densitometer provides an exact and objective record of these laminations. The strongest band, at a depth of about 16 cm in the central part of the lake, is attributed to the lowering of the lake level in 1916. The mean rate of deposition therefore has been about 3.1 mm/yr.The most prominent bands more recent than 1916 are too few to be annual, but the fine structure of these bands shown by the densitometer record may result from annual variations in deposition.The film density is strongly correlated with the dry weight and mineral residue of the sediment.
210Pb dating and the recent geologic history of Crystal Bay, Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota1
Authors: Murchie Scott L. 
Published: August 2016

210Pb dating of five cores from Crystal Bay, Lake Minnetonka, was used to examine the geologic history of the basin during the last century. A lakewide 210Pb budget and the basinwide average cumulative activities of 210Pb within time‐stratigraphic units were estimated from multiple cores. Ages of time‐stratigraphic markers and sediment accumulation rates of time‐stratigraphic units were calculated from a constant‐flux 210Pb‐dating model.The basinwide bulk‐sediment accumulation rate was found to have increased from 0.003 g cm−2 yr−1 before settlement to 0.07 g cm−2 yr−1 for the period from 1962 to 1983. Since settlement of the surrounding area, profundal sediment became highly calcareous and accumulation of littoral marl began.Intensity of focusing of sediment to the center of Crystal Bay decreased as basinwide sediment accumulation rates increased. Light organic sediment was also found to be more intensely focused than heavier siliceous or calcareous sediment. Accumulation of sediment spread to regions shallower than 5 m as the rate of sedimentation exceeded the rate of sediment resuspension at that depth, about 4 mm yr−1.