bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Rivaroxaban Plasma Concentrations in the Perioperative Setting in Patients With or Without Heparin Bridging
Authors: Lessire Sarah , Douxfils Jonathan , Pochet Lionel , Dincq Anne-Sophie , Larock Anne-Sophie , Gourdin Maximilien , Dogné Jean-Michel , Chatelain Bernard , Mullier François 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Estimation of residual rivaroxaban plasma concentrations may be requested before invasive procedures and some patients at high thromboembolic risk will have a bridging therapy with heparins when rivaroxaban is interrupted. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the performance of the STA-Liquid Anti-Xa assay (STA LAX) and the low and normal procedures of the Biophen Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors (DiXaI) assay, in patients with and without bridging with low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs). Materials and Methods: Seventy-nine blood samples were collected from 77 patients on rivaroxaban at CTROUGH or before an invasive procedure. Rivaroxaban plasma concentrations were estimated using Biophen DiXaI, Biophen DiXaI LOW, and STA LAX and compared to liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) measurements. Stratifications were performed according to heparin bridging. Results: The Biophen DiXaI LOW and STA LAX showed better correlation with LC-MS/MS measurements than Biophen DiXaI in patients not bridged with LMWH (R: 0.97, 0.96, and 0.91, respectively). However, the performance of Biophen DiXaI LOW and STA LAX decreased when residual LMWH activity was present (R: 0.18 and 0.19 respectively) demonstrating that these tests are not specific to rivaroxaban. Conclusion: In patients not bridged with LMWH, we suggest to use the Biophen DiXaI LOW and STA LAX for the estimation of rivaroxaban concentrations <50 ng/mL. These results should be confirmed on a larger cohort of patients. Patients bridged with LMWH have inaccurate estimates of low levels of rivaroxaban and the 3 assays studied should not be used to estimate if it is safe to perform a procedure.
Patients with multiple sclerosis demonstrate reduced subbasal corneal nerve fibre density
Authors: Mikolajczak Janine , Zimmermann Hanna , Kheirkhah Ahmad , Kadas Ella Maria , Oberwahrenbrock Timm , Muller Rodrigo , Ren Aiai , Kuchling Joseph , Dietze Holger , Prüss Harald , Paul Friedemann , Hamrah Pedram , Brandt Alexander U 
Published: November 2016

Background: Many studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) have investigated the retina. Little, however, is known about the effect of MS on the cornea, which is innervated by the trigeminal nerve. It is the site of neural-immune interaction with local dendritic cells reacting in response to environmental stimuli. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of MS on corneal nerve fibres and dendritic cells in the subbasal nerve plexus using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Methods: We measured the corneal nerve fibre and dendritic cell density in 26 MS patients and matched healthy controls using a Heidelberg Retina Tomograph with cornea module. Disease severity was assessed with the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite, Expanded Disability Status Scale, visual acuity and retinal optical coherence tomography. Results: We observed significant reduction in total corneal nerve fibre density in MS patients compared to controls. Dendritic cell density was similar in both groups. Reduced total nerve fibre density was associated with worse clinical severity but not with previous clinical trigeminal symptoms, retinal neuro-axonal damage, visual acuity or disease duration. Conclusion: Corneal nerve fibre density is a promising new imaging marker for the assessment of disease severity in MS and should be investigated further.
Baseline characteristics of the 3096 patients recruited into the ‘Triple Antiplatelets for Reducing Dependency after Ischemic Stroke’ trial
Authors: Bath Philip MW , Appleton Jason P , Beridze Maia , Christensen Hanne , Dineen Robert A , Duley Lelia , England Timothy J , Heptinstall Stan , James Marilyn , Krishnan Kailash , Markus Hugh S , Pocock Stuart , Ranta Annemarei , Robinson Thompson G , Flaherty Katie , Scutt Polly , Venables Graham S , Woodhouse Lisa J , Sprigg Nikola 
Published: November 2016

Background The risk of recurrence following ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack is highest immediately after the event. Antiplatelet agents are effective in reducing the risk of recurrence and two agents are superior to one in the early phase after ictus. Design The triple antiplatelets for reducing dependency after ischemic stroke trial was an international multicenter prospective randomized open-label blinded-endpoint trial that assessed the safety and efficacy of short-term intensive antiplatelet therapy with three agents (combined aspirin, clopidogrel and dipyridamole) as compared with guideline treatment in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. The primary outcome was stroke recurrence and its severity, measured using the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included recurrent vascular events, functional measures (cognition, disability, mood, quality of life), and safety (bleeding, death, serious adverse events). Data are number (%) or mean (standard deviation, SD). Results Recruitment ran from April 2009 to March 2016; 3096 patients were recruited from 106 sites in four countries (Denmark 1.6%, Georgia 2.7%, New Zealand 0.2%, UK 95.4%). Randomization characteristics included: age 69.0 (10.1) years; male 1945 (62.8%); time onset to randomization 29.4 (11.9) h; stroke severity (National Institutes for Health Stroke Scale) 2.8 (3.6); blood pressure 143.5 (18.2)/79.5 (11.4) mmHg; IS 2143 (69.2%), transient ischemic attack 953 (30.8%). Conclusion Triple antiplatelets for reducing dependency after ischemic stroke was a large trial of intensive/triple antiplatelet therapy in acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack, and included participants from four predominantly Caucasian countries who were representative of patients in many western stroke services.
High-level ROR1 associates with accelerated disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Cui Bing , Ghia Emanuela M. , Chen Liguang , Rassenti Laura Z. , DeBoever Christopher , Widhopf George F. , Yu Jian , Neuberg Donna S. , Wierda William G. , Rai Kanti R. , Kay Neil E. , Brown Jennifer R. , Jones Jeffrey A. , Gribben John G. , Frazer Kelly A. , Kipps Thomas J. 
Published: November 2016

Key Points
The expression level of ROR1 on CLL cells varies between patients. High-level CLL-cell expression of ROR1 associates with more aggressive disease.
WUFlux: an open-source platform for 13C metabolic flux analysis of bacterial metabolism
Authors: He Lian , Wu Stephen G. , Zhang Muhan , Chen Yixin , Tang Yinjie J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Background
Flux analyses, including flux balance analysis (FBA) and 13C-metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA), offer direct insights into cell metabolism, and have been widely used to characterize model and non-model microbial species. Nonetheless, constructing the 13C-MFA model and performing flux calculation are demanding for new learners, because they require knowledge of metabolic networks, carbon transitions, and computer programming. To facilitate and standardize the 13C-MFA modeling work, we set out to publish a user-friendly and programming-free platform (WUFlux) for flux calculations in MATLAB®.

Results
We constructed an open-source platform for steady-state 13C-MFA. Using GUIDE (graphical user interface design environment) in MATLAB, we built a user interface that allows users to modify models based on their own experimental conditions. WUFlux is capable of directly correcting mass spectrum data of TBDMS (N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide)-derivatized proteinogenic amino acids by removing background noise. To simplify 13C-MFA of different prokaryotic species, the software provides several metabolic network templates, including those for chemoheterotrophic bacteria and mixotrophic cyanobacteria. Users can modify the network and constraints, and then analyze the microbial carbon and energy metabolisms of various carbon substrates (e.g., glucose, pyruvate/lactate, acetate, xylose, and glycerol). WUFlux also offers several ways of visualizing the flux results with respect to the constructed network. To validate our model’s applicability, we have compared and discussed the flux results obtained from WUFlux and other MFA software. We have also illustrated how model constraints of cofactor and ATP balances influence fluxome results.

Conclusion
Open-source software for 13C-MFA, WUFlux, with a user-friendly interface and easy-to-modify templates, is now available at http://www.13cmfa.org/or (http://tang.eece.wustl.edu/ToolDevelopment.htm). We will continue documenting curated models of non-model microbial species and improving WUFlux performance.
Piezo-tolerant natural gas-producing microbes under accumulating pCO2
Authors: Lindeboom Ralph E. F. , Shin Seung Gu , Weijma Jan , van Lier Jules B. , Plugge Caroline M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Background
It is known that a part of natural gas is produced by biogenic degradation of organic matter, but the microbial pathways resulting in the formation of pressurized gas fields remain unknown. Autogeneration of biogas pressure of up to 20 bar has been shown to improve the quality of biogas to the level of biogenic natural gas as the fraction of CO2 decreased. Still, the pCO2 is higher compared to atmospheric digestion and this may affect the process in several ways. In this work, we investigated the effect of elevated pCO2 of up to 0.5 MPa on Gibbs free energy, microbial community composition and substrate utilization kinetics in autogenerative high-pressure digestion.

Results
In this study, biogas pressure (up to 2.0 MPa) was batch-wise autogenerated for 268 days at 303 K in an 8-L bioreactor, resulting in a population dominated by archaeal Methanosaeta concilii, Methanobacterium formicicum and Mtb. beijingense and bacterial Kosmotoga-like (31% of total bacterial species), Propioniferax-like (25%) and Treponema-like (12%) species. Related microorganisms have also been detected in gas, oil and abandoned coal-bed reservoirs, where elevated pressure prevails. After 107 days autogeneration of biogas pressure up to 0.50 MPa of pCO2, propionate accumulated whilst CH4 formation declined. Alongside the Propioniferax-like organism, a putative propionate producer, increased in relative abundance in the period of propionate accumulation. Complementary experiments showed that specific propionate conversion rates decreased linearly from 30.3 mg g−1 VSadded day−1 by more than 90% to 2.2 mg g−1 VSadded day−1 after elevating pCO2 from 0.10 to 0.50 MPa. Neither thermodynamic limitations, especially due to elevated pH2, nor pH inhibition could sufficiently explain this phenomenon. The reduced propionate conversion could therefore be attributed to reversible CO2-toxicity.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest a generic role of the detected bacterial and archaeal species in biogenic methane formation at elevated pressure. The propionate conversion rate and subsequent methane production rate were inhibited by up to 90% by the accumulating pCO2 up to 0.5 MPa in the pressure reactor, which opens opportunities for steering carboxylate production using reversible CO2-toxicity in mixed-culture microbial electrosynthesis and fermentation.
Decision aid prototype development for parents considering adenotonsillectomy for their children with sleep disordered breathing
Authors: Maguire Erin , Hong Paul , Ritchie Krista , Meier Jeremy , Archibald Karen , Chorney Jill 
Published: November 2016

Background To describe the process involved in developing a decision aid prototype for parents considering adenotonsillectomy for their children with sleep disordered breathing. Methods A paper-based decision aid prototype was developed using the framework proposed by the International Patient Decision Aids Standards Collaborative. The decision aid focused on two main treatment options: watchful waiting and adenotonsillectomy. Usability was assessed with parents of pediatric patients and providers with qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews, which included open-ended user feedback. Results A steering committee composed of key stakeholders was assembled. A needs assessment was then performed, which confirmed the need for a decision support tool. A decision aid prototype was developed and modified based on semi-structured qualitative interviews and a scoping literature review. The prototype provided information on the condition, risk and benefits of treatments, and values clarification. The prototype underwent three cycles of accessibility, feasibility, and comprehensibility testing, incorporating feedback from all stakeholders to develop the final decision aid prototype. Conclusion A standardized, iterative methodology was used to develop a decision aid prototype for parents considering adenotonsillectomy for their children with sleep disordered breathing. The decision aid prototype appeared feasible, acceptable and comprehensible, and may serve as an effective means of improving shared decision-making.
Sponsorship bias in the comparative efficacy of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for adult depression: Meta-analysis
Authors: Cristea Ioana A. , Gentili Claudio , Pietrini Pietro , Cuijpers Pim 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundSponsorship bias has never been investigated for non-pharmacological treatments like psychotherapy.AimsWe examined industry funding and author financial conflict of interest (COI) in randomised controlled trials directly comparing psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in depression.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis with subgroup comparisons for industry v. non-industry-funded trials, and respectively for trial reports with author financial COI v. those without.ResultsIn total, 45 studies were included. In most analyses, pharmacotherapy consistently showed significant effectiveness over psychotherapy,g= −0.11 (95% CI −0.21 to −0.02) in industry-funded trials. Differences between industry and non-industry-funded trials were significant, a result only partly confirmed in sensitivity analyses. We identified five instances where authors of the original article had not reported financial COI.ConclusionsIndustry-funded trials for depression appear to subtly favour pharmacotherapy over psychotherapy. Disclosure of all financial ties with the pharmaceutical industry should be encouraged.
Factors influencing engagement in postnatal weight management and weight and wellbeing outcomes
Authors: Avery Amanda , Hillier Sarah , Pallister Carolyn , Barber Jenny , Lavin Jacquie 
Published: November 2016

Background: Many women exceed gestational weight gain recommendations. Successful postnatal weight management decreases the risk of entering further pregnancies obese. Aims: This service evaluation investigates women's motivations to lose weight postnatally, the weight loss achieved and the impact on the women's self-esteem. Methods: An online survey was used, with quantitative questions to determine motivation and lifestyle behaviours related to postnatal weight management in women attending a commercial weight management organisation. Weekly weights were confirmed from digitally recorded data. Findings: A total of 1015 women responded. Mean body mass index at joining was 33.3 kg/m2 ± 5.85 and, when surveyed, 30.5 kg/m2 ± 5.86, a change of –2.8 ± 0.1 kg/m² (P < 0.01; 95% CI 2.76–3.11). 463 women (45.6%) joined the groups between 6–26 weeks postnatal. The main motivators to lose weight were to ‘improve how I feel about my body size and shape’ (85.2%) and ‘improve self-confidence’ (76.6%); however, only ‘to improve my health’ (65.6%) correlated with actual weight loss (0.114, P < 0.01). Health professionals' recommendation was less of a reason (6.5%). Improvements in self-confidence (77.6%), self-esteem (78.6%), wellbeing (85.2%) and body size/shape (70.0%) were reported. Conclusions: Women chose to engage in the weight management service to improve their self-confidence, feelings about their body shape, and health. There is an opportunity for health professionals to encourage women early after giving birth to engage in weight loss, which may improve outcomes.
A systematic review of postoperative cognitive decline following open and endovascular aortic aneurysm surgery
Authors: Benson RA , Ozdemir BA , Matthews D , Loftus IM 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVES Postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) is a well-recognised neurological phenomenon following major surgery. Most commonly seen in elderly patients, it has direct links to increased long-term morbidity and reduced quality of life. Its incidence following open and endovascular abdominal and thoracic aneurysm surgery is unclear. The purpose of this systematic review is to collate available evidence for POCD following abdominal and thoracic aortic surgery, and to identify continuing controversies directing future research. METHODS A MEDLINE search was conducted following the recommendations of the PRISMA guidelines. Terms searched for included but were not limited to: aortic surgery, delirium, postoperative cognitive decline/dysfunction thoracic aortic surgery, abdominal aortic surgery. Reference lists were searched for additional studies. RESULTS Five observational studies were identified from the literature search. Variation in study methods, cognitive test batteries and thresholds set by the study coordinators did not allow for pooled results. In those studies that did find evidence of decline, risk was linked to age over 65 years, presence of postoperative delirium and decreased years in education. CONCLUSIONS Evidence thus far suggests that POCD can affect patients following major aortic, non-cardiothoracic as well as cardiothoracic surgery. Future research should focus on using a validated repeatable battery of cognitive tests and a single defined threshold for POCD to allow pooled analysis and more robust conclusions. Larger, adequately powered studies are required to re-evaluate the effect of aortic aneurysm surgery on postoperative cognitive function.
Interpreting Cardiac Biomarkers in the Setting of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: deFilippi Christopher R , Herzog Charles A 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common, particularly in those of advanced age. Because patients with CKD frequently have cardiac comorbidities and acute or chronic symptoms that may represent heart failure or an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), testing for concentrations of cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides is frequent. Interpretation of these biomarkers can be challenging when differentiating acute from chronic processes, potentially resulting in missed opportunities to direct appropriate treatment.

CONTENT
This review is designed to provide clinicians and laboratorians a platform to understand cardiac specific biomarker interpretation in patients with CKD by summarizing the extensive literature base that has developed specific to this population. First we review the epidemiology and unique contributions of CKD to cardiac pathophysiology. Next we consider the interpretation of cardiac troponin tests for the diagnosis AMI and the prognostic significance of chronic increases across the spectrum of CKD including those requiring renal replacement therapy. Last, we consider the caveats of interpreting natriuretic peptide results for the diagnosis of acute decompensated heart failure in addition to the short- and long-term prognostic implications of increased natriuretic peptide concentrations and CKD in a patient with heart failure.

SUMMARY
CKD is common and associated with acceleration of cardiovascular disease. Cardiac biomarker concentrations are often increased even in an absence of symptoms; typically reflecting the extent of underlying cardiovascular disease rather than impairment of renal clearance. Thoughtful interpretation of cardiac biomarkers in those with CKD can continue to provide important diagnostic and prognostic information.
Mapping media accountability in stateless nations: The case of Catalonia
Authors: Almiron Núria , Narberhaus Marta , Mauri Marcel 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article draws on the results of a research project on media accountability instruments in Catalonia. We map out media accountability in Catalonia focusing on institutional self-regulation instruments and outline their history compared to that of equivalent instruments in the rest of Spain and Europe. We discuss how the situation in Catalonia differs significantly from that of Spain in the context of Hallin and Mancini’s media systems models. We argue that including the cultural domain in an analysis of media accountability provides a more accurate understanding of the media system in stateless nations. We conclude that the culture of journalistic accountability in Catalonia is more closely aligned with the Corporatist or Liberal model than with the Mediterranean one and thus that the economic and political spheres alone do not provide a true picture of national realities when assessing media accountability.
Negotiating national unity and diversity in public broadcasting: A comparative study on South Africa and Flanders
Authors: Marx Knoetze Hannelie , Dhoest Alexander 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In the context of globalization, national unity or identity are problematic and even contested concepts. The inherent diversity of most nations, furthermore, complicates the notion of a national unity or identity. Within this struggle to define the nation, mass media are generally regarded as playing an important role in ideas around nationhood. This article explores contemporary struggles to define ‘the nation’ as unified by comparing the diverse realities of South Africa and Flanders (Dutchlanguage northern Belgium) with specific focus on Public Service Broadcasting (PSB). Thus, by systematically exploring how diversity is dealt with in two separate national contexts, focusing in particular on PSB, we aim to come to a better understanding of how generic concepts like the nation, unity and diversity function in unique and specific contexts.
Media and the construction of memory: The case of the Arboleda massacre in Colombia
Authors: Angel Adriana 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
On 29 July 2000, the ninth and 47th fronts of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) stormed the town of Arboleda (Colombia) and bombarded its population. In this massacre, seventeen people died and the town was nearly completely destroyed. Media across the country reported this massacre, and people repudiated the event. This viewpoint article reflects on this particular episode of violence to analyse the role of media in the formation of collective memory. The reflections in this case study will show how media, in the context of conflict, may contribute to the victims’ doing of memory by telling stories about that conflict. However, by focusing on the storytelling aspects of conflict, media may also contribute to constructing a depolitized memory.
The puzzle of the ethical fashion consumer: Implications for the future of the fashion system
Authors: Crane Diana 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Ethical fashion consumers who assess the environmental and social aspects of products before purchasing them are relatively rare because fashion consumption is a complex activity and tends to occur under conditions that tend to discourage ethical considerations. Standard criteria for evaluating ecologically sound or safe products or services are lacking. The ethical fashion market is a niche market, constituting about 1 per cent of the global fashion industry. Two-thirds of ethical fashion producers are located in the United Kingdom and the United States. Consumers tend to be poorly informed about ethical aspects of products and services. Fashion companies are moving towards responsible production but consumers are less likely to engage in responsible consumption due to higher prices, lack of readily available ethical goods and misleading information about products. Ethical hardliners, strongly committed to eco-fashion, are a minority.