bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Credit Default Swaps on Corporate Debt and the Pricing of Audit Services
Authors: Du Lijing , Masli Adi , Meschke Felix 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARY
Previous studies document that lenders lack incentives to monitor borrowing firms or to make concessions during bankruptcy if these lenders insure against corporate default with credit default swaps (CDS). This article investigates whether external auditors increase their audit fees for those client firms that have their debt referenced by CDS. In a comprehensive sample of U.S. companies from 2001–2015, we find that CDS-referenced companies incur larger audit fees compared to companies without CDS. The economic magnitude of the audit fee increase ranges from 5.4 percent to 11 percent, depending on the econometric specification employed. Deteriorating corporate conditions or other observable characteristics do not explain the positive association between CDS trading and audit fees, or the increase in audit fees following CDS initiations. The findings suggest that auditors increase their professional skepticism and monitoring efforts of CDS-referenced clients; they might also expect higher liability losses.
JEL Classifications: G10; G30; G33; G34.
Forecasting the impact of increasing integration of renewable sources in the power unbalance during peak and off-peak hours
Authors: Sérgio Faias  , Jorge Sousa  , Rui Castro  
Published: July 2017

Environmental impacts and external dependency due to energy consumption can be minimized with integration of renewable power sources. Portugal, as well as a number of other countries, presents a sharp increase in renewable sources integra-tion, namely in wind, solar photovoltaic, waves, biomass and small hydro. As all renewable technologies ultimately derive energy from natural sources that vary in their availability over different time-scales, the integration of larger amounts of renewable sources is becoming an increasingly important issue for the needed balance of power generation and demand. The main objectives of this paper are the settlement of a forecast methodology to quantify power generation and demand unbalance and characterize that sort of unbalance, specially focusing on the difference between peak and off-peak periods. Heeding the distinction between peak and off-peak hours, the results obtained show that the unbalance behaviour is particularly distinct in these periods, namely with generation shortage in peak hours and excess of generation in off-peak hours.
New better design for water-water heat pumps
Authors: C. J. Renedo  , A. Ortiz  , M. Mañana  , S. Pérez  , F. Delgado  , D. Silió  , F. Ortiz  
Published: July 2017

In air conditioning facilities most of the energy consumption corresponds to the thermal production, this being heat and cold. It depends on many factors, one of the most important in the use of more efficient devices (boilers, chillers and heat pumps)for supply thermal energy. In this work the efficiency of the reversible water-water heat pumps is analyzed, proposing a new better design that optimizes the nergy consumptiom. This improvement hardly requires modifications at manufacturing, therefore, it could be easily developed by manufacturers.
Evidence for environment‐dependent introgression of adaptive genes between two red oak species with different drought adaptations
Authors: Khodwekar Sudhir , Gailing Oliver 
Published: July 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Introgression of adaptive alleles between hybridizing species is likely an important mechanism to generate new genetic variation for adaptation to rapidly changing environmental conditions. Oaks provide a model for the study of adaptive gene introgression because environmental selection maintains high interspecific differentiation at a few outlier loci and species‐specific adaptations despite recurrent interspecific gene flow. Previously, we identified a CONSTANS‐like gene under strong divergent selection between drought‐tolerant Quercus ellipsoidalis and drought‐averse Quercus rubra. Neighboring (parapatric) populations of both species were fixed for alternate alleles, Q. ellipsoidalis for allele 138 and Q. rubra for allele 141.METHODS:In this study, we analyzed introgression of these outlier alleles in sympatric and in parapatric Q. rubra/Q. ellipsoidalis populations.KEY RESULTS:We found evidence that environmental selection affected the level and direction of outlier allele introgression. Thus, in the face of symmetric interspecific gene flow, outlier allele introgression was asymmetric and introgression of allele 138 into Q. rubra was consistently higher than introgression of allele 141 into Q. ellipsoidalis in sympatric populations, but the opposite pattern was found in parapatric populations. Furthermore, the rate of introgression of outlier alleles between species in sympatric stands was related to soil quality (i.e., soil water holding capacity, nutrient availability).CONCLUSIONS:This pattern suggests that introgression of adaptive genes between these two red oak species is strongly affected by environmental selection and is an important mechanism for species’ adaptation to changing environmental conditions in a changing climate.
Serologic evidence and risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection in animals and humans
Authors: Elhariri Mahmoud , Elhelw Rehab , Hamza Dalia , El-Mahallawy Heba Sayed 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial infections among humans worldwide. Although many records imply its interfamilial acquisition, the role of animals remains poorly understood. This study was undertaken to investigate the seroprevalence of H. pylori in animals and their human contacts in Cairo and Giza governorates, Egypt.
Methodology: Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to detect IgG antibodies to H. pylori in dogs, cattle, and humans.
Results: Seropositive dogs (35/94; 37.2%), cattle (24/80; 30%) and humans (40/90; 44.4%) were found. Seroprevalence in animals significantly varied in different areas of sample collection, but there was no association with sex or age. Human seropositivity rates were associated with increasing age; moreover, seropositive dog owners (51.7%; 15/29), had seropositive dogs. However, infection was not associated with subject's sex, occupation, or history of animal contact.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate H. pylori is widely distributed in cattle and dogs and their human contacts in Cairo and Giza, Egypt. Further studies to determine infection in other occupational groups are needed. This study provides baseline information on the seroprevalence of H. pylori, which may be required to begin prevention control programs in our area.
The Relationship Between Synovial Pathobiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Humby Frances , Mahto Arti , Ahmed Muaaze , Barr Andrew , Kelly Stephen , Buch Maya , Pitzalis Costantino , Conaghan Philip G. 
Published: July 2017

Objective.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been increasingly recognized as a critical tool for the assessment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is able to reliably identify synovitis, bone marrow edema, bone erosion, and joint space narrowing (JSN)/cartilage loss. Understanding the exact relationship between each MRI feature and local synovial pathobiology is critical to dissect disease pathogenesis as well as develop future predictive models.Methods.A systematic review was performed of the current published literature examining the relationship between MRI abnormalities and synovial pathobiology in patients with RA.Results.Eighteen studies were identified; most focused on validation of MRI as a tool to detect and quantify synovitis, with a significant relationship demonstrated. Additionally, from the limited data available, a critical role seems likely for synovial pathways, at least in driving joint damage. However, there was a lack of data examining the relationship between synovial pathobiology and bone marrow abnormalities and JSN.Conclusion.Although understanding the interrelationship of these disease biomarkers offers the potential to enhance the predictive validity of modern imaging with concomitant synovial pathobiological analysis, further studies integrating MRI with synovial tissue analysis in well-controlled cohorts at distinct disease stages before and after therapeutic intervention are required to achieve this.
La vaisselle en bronze d’époque romaine trouvée à Bavay
Authors: Nicolas Delphine 
Published: July 2017

Le site de Bavay a livré 137 récipients en alliages cuivreux, dont 80 ont pu être localisés. Leur étude révèle les modes de consommation des élites, grâce à la confrontation avec les données issues d’autres villes (Reims, Trèves, Avenches, Pompéi) et d’autres matériaux (verre et céramique notamment). Bavay dispose ainsi d’un ensemble majoritairement issu de la période allant du ii e s. jusqu’au milieu du iii e s. ; ce qui la rapproche de villes comme Reims, tout en mettant en évidence de fortes différences avec Trèves ou encore Avenches, dont la vaisselle en bronze date surtout du i er s. Les récipients nerviens appartiennent aussi en grande majorité à la vaisselle de table. Cet usage ostentatoire de la vaisselle en bronze se retrouve ailleurs en Gaule (Reims, Trèves, Avenches) mais visiblement pas en Italie (Pompéi), où ces récipients sont majoritairement employés à des fins utilitaires.
Du camp napoléonien d’Étaples à Pompéi. Discussion sur la place de la vaisselle en métal dans les maisonnées romaines
Authors: Deru Xavier , Lemaire Frédéric , Nicolas Delphine 
Published: July 2017

La fouille du camp napoléonien d’Étaples a inspiré la définition d’un modèle sur le rapport entre la vaisselle en métal et celle en céramique ; la forte proportion de couvercles en terre témoignerait d’une part importante de récipients en métal. Transposé aux contextes romains, on constate que la proportion de céramique à feu diminue au fil d’une descente du nord de la Gaule en Italie et à l’inverse une augmentation des couvercles. La batterie de cuisine ne serait pas composée de récipients en métal dans le nord, alors qu’à Pompéi, comme cela est prouvé, elle en comporterait de nombreuses pièces.
Aperçu de la céramique domestique en usage à Hazebrouck (Nord) pendant l’époque moderne
Authors: Herbin Patrice , Pilard Virginie , Louvion Christine , Oueslati Tarek 
Published: July 2017

Un diagnostic réalisé en centre ville d’Hazebrouck a révélé quelques fosses et fossés ; le mobilier céramique date ceux-ci de l’époque moderne. Si les structures ont été fortement perturbées par des aménagements contemporains, le lot de céramique, relativement homogène, fournit un aperçu du répertoire domestique en usage à Hazebrouck pendant le xvii e s. Par ailleurs, le lot de matériel a livré quelques pièces plus atypiques comme des pochonnés estampillés et un lissoir à étoffe en terre cuite glaçurée.
Éléments de culture matérielle du début du XX e s. à Villeneuve-d’Ascq « La Haute Borne »
Authors: Gomes Manuel , Deflorenne Carole , Delmont Estelle , Maréchal Denis 
Published: July 2017

La fouille d’un habitat contemporain situé au lieu-dit « La Haute Borne » à Villeneuve-d’Ascq a permis la mise au jour d’un ensemble exceptionnel d’artefacts, daté des alentours de 1900. L’examen de cet assemblage permet d’alimenter les recherches archéologiques et historiques régionales à plusieurs titres. Catégories et types d’objets sont caractérisés et quantifiés. L’ensemble des inscriptions fournit les arguments de datation de l’assemblage ; l’inventaire quantifié des marques de faïenceries autorise pour sa part des conclusions touchant à l’économie. Il renvoie l’image d’un bassin transfrontalier de production industrielle orienté est-ouest, appuyé par un réseau fluvial navigable et des charbonnages. Les productions céramiques peuvent provenir massivement d’usines éloignées de la région lilloise, comme celles de Maastricht. L’assemblage est très majoritairement composé de récipients en céramique et en verre. La vaisselle témoigne de pratiques culinaires qui montrent une prépondérance de la cuisson à l’eau. Le déficit quantitatif constaté pour la vaisselle à feu pointe l’usage de récipients métalliques pour la cuisson. Le reste du répertoire est principalement consacré à l’hygiène et à la santé. Les emballages sont les témoins matériels des débuts de la société de consommation, et permettent ici d’interroger les relations sociales qu’entretiennent les ruraux avec la ville.
Le Tribunal révolutionnaire : justice et injustices sous la Révolution
Authors: Halpérin Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2017

L’époque révolutionnaire a été traversée de contradictions dans la justice, marquées par la coexistence entre les formes judiciaires et les injustices envers les innocents. Les réformes judiciaires de la Constituante avaient refusé d’établir des juridictions d’exception et avaient institué le Tribunal de cassation pour contrôler la légalité de la plupart des décisions rendues en dernier ressort. Pourtant, la constitution de 1791 établira une Haute Cour de justice pour juger des crimes contre la sûreté de l’État. La loi, « palladium de la liberté » deviendra, dans un contexte de guerre et de terreur pour maintenir la République, un instrument de répression politique pour éliminer les ennemis. De 1793 à 1795, le Tribunal révolutionnaire est bien « le crime et l’erreur de la Révolution ».
Justice et politique en Italie : les procès de mafia ( xix e - xx e siècle)
Authors: de Saint-Victor Jacques 
Published: July 2017

Reconnues depuis 1982 associations criminelles, les mafias, dès leur origine au début du xix e siècle, ont tiré leur puissance des dimensions relationnelles avec la sphère institutionnelle et sociale, clans criminels et élites bourgeoises se mélangeant dans cette « bourgeoisie mafieuse » . Ce phénomène criminel hors du commun a longtemps bénéficié d’impunité. L’affaiblissement de la mafia résulte d’une offensive législative et judiciaire exercée dans le respect de l’équilibre entre les exigences de sécurité et le respect des libertés.
Sur la notion de défense de rupture : Willard, Vergès, et après ?
Authors: Danet Jean 
Published: July 2017

Le rapprochement entre la notion de « défense de rupture » et celle de « procès politique » pose la question de leur articulation. À partir d’un exemple de cette défense de rupture, l’affaire Dimitrov, deux avocats Marcel Willard et Jacques Vergès, l’un auteur d’un ouvrage, La défense accuse , l’autre à partir d’une pratique de défense élaborée lors des procès politiques en Algérie, nous font comprendre l’ambiguïté d’un tel fonctionnement à la fois lors d’un procès dit « de rupture » mais aussi lors d’un procès dit « de connivence ». S’agit-il alors d’une intelligence stratégique, d’une manipulation, d’une instrumentalisation ? La question d’une telle pratique judiciaire est-elle au cœur de l’histoire des procès politiques ou liés à la conjoncture des guerres de décolonisation ?
François-Denis Tronchet et le Tribunal de cassation sous la Constitution de l’an VIII
Authors: Tessier Philippe 
Published: July 2017

François-Denis Tronchet (1726-1806), fut avocat au Parlement de Paris pendant plus de quarante ans. Après avoir défendu le roi Louis XVI à son procès, il fut élu président de la commission de rédaction du Code civil de 1804. Tronchet fut le premier président du Tribunal de cassation nommé sous la Constitution de l’an VIII. Pendant moins d’une année (21 avril 1800- 24 février 1801), il y fut très actif : réorganisation de l’institution, rapporteur de deux jugements, rendus en matière civile par le Tribunal de cassation, qui illustrent à la fois la créativité de Tronchet, sa passion du droit et son attachement aux traditions juridiques.
Early Focal Laser Photocoagulation in Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Prospective, Randomized Study
Authors: Ambiya Vikas , Khodani Mitali , Goud Abhilash , Narayanan Raja , Tyagi Mudit , Rani Padmaja Kumari , Chhablani Jay 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the role of early focal laser photocoagulation in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A total of 58 eyes with acute naïve CSC (less than 2 months' duration) with focal leak on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were randomized into either a laser or a sham laser group. Eyes with chronic CSC and subfoveal leak were excluded. Visual acuity assessment, microperimetry, optical coherence tomography, and FFA were done at baseline, 1 month (minus FFA), 3 months, and 6 months after treatment.

RESULTS:

There was a significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity, low-contrast visual acuity, retinal sensitivity, and central macular thickness at all visits in both groups (
P
< .001); however, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding time of resolution. Four eyes in the sham laser group needed rescue laser compared with one eye in early laser group (
P
= .16).

CONCLUSION:
Early laser photocoagulation is not superior to sham laser for acute CSC; therefore, observation appears to the safest and most effective strategy.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:564–571.

]
Novel Bivalent Viral-Vectored Vaccines Induce Potent Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Conferring Protection against Stringent Influenza A Virus Challenge
Authors: Tully Claire M. , Chinnakannan Senthil , Mullarkey Caitlin E. , Ulaszewska Marta , Ferrara Francesca , Temperton Nigel , Gilbert Sarah C. , Lambe Teresa 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Seasonal influenza viruses are a common cause of acute respiratory illness worldwide and generate a significant socioeconomic burden. Influenza viruses mutate rapidly, necessitating annual vaccine reformulation because traditional vaccines do not typically induce broad-spectrum immunity. In addition to seasonal infections, emerging pandemic influenza viruses present a continued threat to global public health. Pandemic influenza viruses have consistently higher attack rates and are typically associated with greater mortality compared with seasonal strains. Ongoing strategies to improve vaccine efficacy typically focus on providing broad-spectrum immunity; although B and T cells can mediate heterosubtypic responses, typical vaccine development will augment either humoral or cellular immunity. However, multipronged approaches that target several Ags may limit the generation of viral escape mutants. There are few vaccine platforms that can deliver multiple Ags and generate robust cellular and humoral immunity. In this article, we describe a novel vaccination strategy, tested preclinically in mice, for the delivery of novel bivalent viral-vectored vaccines. We show this strategy elicits potent T cell responses toward highly conserved internal Ags while simultaneously inducing high levels of Abs toward hemagglutinin. Importantly, these humoral responses generate long-lived plasma cells and generate Abs capable of neutralizing variant hemagglutinin-expressing pseudotyped lentiviruses. Significantly, these novel viral-vectored vaccines induce strong immune responses capable of conferring protection in a stringent influenza A virus challenge. Thus, this vaccination regimen induces lasting efficacy toward influenza. Importantly, the simultaneous delivery of dual Ags may alleviate the selective pressure that is thought to potentiate antigenic diversity in avian influenza viruses.
Thomasius e o Direito Natural
Authors: Cabral Gustavo César Machado 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n72p145Este trabalho discutirá as concepções de Christian Thomasius sobre o direito natural, a partir da sua principal obra, Fundamenta iure natura et gentium. Thomasius foi um dos mais importantes representantes do jusnaturalismo racionalista, ao lado de Hugo Grotius, Samuel von Pufendorf e Christian Wolff, ele contribuiu decisivamente para a formação do direito moderno. Pretende-se neste artigo esclarecer os mais determinates pressupostos da obra de Thomasius, relacioná-los aos ramos mais importantes do direito à época (direito privado, direito penal e ius publicum) e, finalmente, demonstrar a difusão das obras de Thomasius pela Europa.
O carácter anti-ideológico da Teoria Pura do Direito
Authors: Albuquerque Renata , Magalhães Átila De Alencar Araripe , Aguiar Júnior Carlos Augusto M. de 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n72p169O presente trabalho busca analisar a possibilidade de uma Ciência jurídica pura, livre de influências externas, em especial, livre de ideologias. A ideia de um Direito sem ideologias foi fruto da modernidade, que apregoava a necessidade de métodos científicos rígidos. Na tentativa de demonstrar o caráter científico do Direito, Hans Kelsen formulou sua Teoria Pura do Direito, que, em última instância, buscava afastar o caráter metafísico do Direito, bem como as ideologias. Foi realizada uma investigação bibliográfica, utilizando como fonte primária o estudo realizado por Arnaldo Vasconcelos sobre a obra de Hans Kelsen, Teoria Pura do Direito: repasse crítico de seus principais fundamentos. Finalmente, chega-se à conclusão de que há a impossibilidade de uma Ciência Jurídica pura e que a própria “Teoria Pura do Direito” encontra-se impregnada por ideologias próprias de seu tempo.
Proteção Jurídica dos Cães de Guarda no Sul do Brasil: uma questão de empatia nascida nos Movimentos de Proteção do Animal não Humano
Authors: Albuquerque Letícia , Medeiros Fernanda Luiza Fontoura de 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n72p217O reconhecimento dos direitos dos animais é um processo em evolução. A Constituição Federal brasileira proíbe práticas cruéis contra os animais não humanos. Contudo, tem sido uma prática comum a contratação de cães de aluguel para realização de segurança privadas. Alugar cães de guarda ofende o princípio da dignidade da vida, pois os animais são mantidos em situações degradantes. Diferentes atores do movimento de proteção animal se uniram para banir a locação de cães de guarda para segurança. A questão mobilizou a sociedade através das redes sociais, por meio de ações que envolvem emoções, empatia e um processo de política de tolerância, solidariedade e reciprocidade.
Retrieval of the raindrop size distribution from polarimetric radar data using double-moment normalisation
Authors: Raupach Timothy H. , Berne Alexis 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. A new technique for estimating the raindrop size distribution (DSD) from polarimetric radar data is proposed. Two statistical moments of the DSD are estimated from polarimetric variables, and the DSD is reconstructed using a double-moment normalisation. The technique takes advantage of the relative invariance of the double-moment normalised DSD. The method was tested using X-band radar data and networks of disdrometers in three different climatic regions. Radar-derived estimates of the DSD compare reasonably well to observations. In the three tested domains, in terms of DSD moments, rain rate, and characteristic drop diameter, the proposed method performs similarly to and often better than a state-of-the-art DSD-retrieval technique. The approach is flexible because no specific DSD model is prescribed. In addition, a method is proposed to treat noisy radar data to improve DSD-retrieval performance with radar measurements.