bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous analysis by Quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry and UHPLC‐MS/MS for the determination of sedative‐hypnotics and sleep inducers in adulterated products
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Park Han Na , Choi Ji Yeon , Kim Nam Sook , Park Hyung‐Joon , Park Seong Soo , Baek Sun Young 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAdulterated products are continuously detected in society and cause problems. In this study, we developed and validated a method for determining synthetic sedative‐hypnotics and sleep inducers, including barbital, benzodiazepam, zolpidem, and first‐generation antihistamines, in adulterated products using Quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. In Quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis, target compounds were confirmed using a combination of retention time, mass tolerance, mass accuracy, and fragment ions. For quantification, several validation parameters were employed using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation was 0.05–53 and 0.17–177 ng/mL, respectively. The correlation coefficient for linearity was more than 0.995. The intra‐ and interassay accuracies were 86–110 and 84–111%, respectively. Their precision values were evaluated as within 4.0 (intraday) and 10.7% (interday). Mean recoveries of target compounds in adulterated products ranged from 85 to 116%. The relative standard deviation of stability was less than 10.7% at 4°C for 48 h. The 144 adulterated products obtained over 3 years (2014–2016) from online and in‐person vendors were tested using established methods. After rapidly screening with Quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry, the detected samples were quantified using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Two of them were adulterated with phenobarbital.
Speech‐language pathology care and short‐ and long‐term outcomes of oropharyngeal cancer treatment in the elderly
Authors: Webster Kimberly T. , Tippett Donna , Simpson Marissa , Abrams Rina , Pietsch Kristine , Herbert Robert J. , Eisele David W. , Gourin Christine G. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo examine associations between speech‐language pathology (SLP) care and pretreatment variables, short‐term and long‐term swallowing and airway impairment, and survival in elderly patients treated for oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (SCCA).Study DesignRetrospective analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare data.MethodsWe evaluated longitudinal data from 666 patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal SCCA from 2004 to 2007 using cross‐tabulations, multivariate logistic regression, and survival analysis.ResultsSLP care was documented in 25% of patients. High‐volume hospital care (odds ratio (OR) = 3.2 [1.0–10.0]) and dysphagia during treatment (OR = 13.0 [3.6–47.1]) were the only significant predictors of SLP care during the initial treatment period. SLP care was significantly more likely during the first year (OR = 5.3 [3.1–9.1]) and second year (OR = 4.5 [2.4–8.2]) following initial treatment. Subsequent dysphagia (OR = 32.5 [16.9–62.4]), stricture (OR = 2.2 [1.2–4.0]), gastrostomy (OR = 1.7 [1.1–2.7]), and tracheostomy tube use (OR = 2.4 [1.2–4.8]) were significantly associated with long‐term SLP care. After controlling for patient, tumor, and treatment‐related variables, SLP care was associated with significant relative attenuation of the OR for dysphagia (93%), stricture (35%), weight loss (8%), and airway obstruction (34%). Survival analysis, controlling for all other variables, demonstrated improved survival for patients under SLP care (hazard ratio = 0.73 [0.57–0.95]).ConclusionSLP care is underutilized in elderly oropharyngeal SCCA patients and largely utilized after the onset of impaired airway and swallowing function, but is associated with improved outcomes. These data suggest a need for treatment guidelines that incorporate the routine use of SLP care in this population during the initial treatment period and beyond.Level of Evidence2c.Laryngoscope, 128:1403–1411, 2018
Significant skin‐tightening by closure of fractional ablative laser holes
Authors: Russe Elisabeth , Purschke Martin , Limpiangkanan Wikunda , Farinelli William A. , Wang Ying , Doukas Apostolos G. , Sakamoto Fernanda H. , Wechselberger Gottfried , Anderson Richard Rox 
Published: October 2017

Background and ObjectiveAblative fractional laser treatment uses thousands of very small laser beam wounds to damage a fraction of the skin, which stimulates tissue remodeling. Each open micro‐wound heals without scarring, but the amount of skin tightening achieved is limited. This animal study was performed to test the hypothesis that immediate temporary closure of fractional laser wounds could increase skin tightening after fractional ablative laser treatment.Materials and MethodsFour adult swine were used for the study; 98 square test sites (3 × 3 cm) were tattooed on the abdomen and flanks of each pig. An ablative fractional Erbium:YAG laser (Sciton Profile, Sciton Inc, Palo Alto, CA) was used to treat the test areas. A laser micro‐spot fluence of 375 J/cm2 was delivered in 150–250 microseconds pulses, resulting in an array of ablation channels extending 1.5 mm deep into the skin, with a spot size of 250 µm, with 10% treatment density. Immediately following laser exposure the resulting holes were closed using a stretched elastic adhesive dressing, which, when applied, recoiled and compressed the diameter of the ablation holes. The compressive dressings were removed after 7 days. This procedure was compared to removing the same amount of skin (10%) mechanically by specially designed 19 gauge coring needles, as well as to the same laser and coring methods without compression closure. Area and shape of test sites were measured by digital photography before and 28 days after treatment. Data analysis included compensation for animal growth, as measured by increase in the area of the untreated control sites.ResultsAll treated and control sites healed within a week, without scarring evident at 28 days. Laser treatment combined with compressive wound closure caused significant shrinkage at 28 days compared with untreated control sites. The treated skin area was reduced by 11.5% (P = 0.0001). Needle coring with wound closure produced similar, significant shrinkage (8%, P < 0.0021), whereas laser and needle coring treatment without closure did not result in significant area reduction (P = 0.1289) compared with untreated control sites.ConclusionSignificant skin tightening can be achieved by immediate temporary non‐invasive wound closure after short pulse Er:YAG fractional ablative laser treatment, as well as after mechanically removing skin with a coring needle. This approach may improve skin tightening after ablative laser treatments. Further clinical studies are necessary to confirm successful application in humans. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:64–69, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Soybean‐Oil‐Based Thermosetting Resins with Methacrylated Vanillyl Alcohol as Bio‐Based, Low‐Viscosity Comonomer
Authors: Zhang Yuehong , Thakur Vijay Kumar , Li Yuzhan , Garrison Thomas F , Gao Zhenhua , Gu Jiyou , Kessler Michael R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA novel, bio‐based, aromatic monomer (methacrylated vanillyl alcohol, MVA) is synthesized using vanillyl alcohol and methacrylic anhydride in the absence of solvents. The resulting MVA is used as a sustainable comonomer to replace styrene in a maleinated acrylated epoxidized soybean‐oil (MAESO) resin to produce novel thermosets via free radical polymerization. The influence of MVA loading on the viscosity, gelation time, curing extent, thermomechanical properties, and tensile properties of the MAESO–MVA thermoset is investigated. The synthesized MVA exhibits very low volatility, which is beneficial for the development of construction material with low or zero emission. The viscosity of the MAESO–MVA system can be tailored to meet the commercial requirements. Increasing the MVA content accelerates the crosslinking reaction rate and improves thermal and mechanical properties of the MAESO–MVA system. The glass transition temperature increases with increasing MVA content. Soxhlet extraction experiments show that more than 90% of the components are incorporated into the crosslinking network. Overall, the developed MVA monomer shows promising properties to be used as an effective, green comonomer to replace styrene.
Sleep, biological stress, and health among toddlers living in socioeconomically disadvantaged homes: A research protocol
Authors: Ordway Monica R. , Sadler Lois S. , Canapari Craig A. , Jeon Sangchoon , Redeker Nancy S. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTHealthy sleep is important to behavioral, neurobiological, and physiologic health. In older children and adults, stress biomarkers, such as cortisol and C‐reactive protein, increase when they do not practice healthy sleep habits. However, little is known about the relationships among sleep health, stress, and health outcomes among very young children living with socioeconomic adversity, a group that is particularly at risk for poor future health. The NIH‐funded study described in this protocol addresses this scientific gap to improve understanding of these relationships during a critical developmental period in children's lives—toddlerhood. We will use a longitudinal design with repeated measures to prospectively examine the relationships among sleep health, stress, and toddlers’ health from age 12 to 24 months, to address the following aims: i) examine changes in subjective and objective sleep health measures; ii) examine changes in stress biomarkers; iii) examine the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between sleep health measures and stress response; and iv) examine the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between sleep health measures, stress biomarkers, and toddlers’ behavioral health. The sample will include 113 toddlers and their caregivers. We are collecting subjective and objective data on sleep health, multi‐systemic biomarkers of stress, and toddlers’ behavioral health. Generalized linear models will be used in the data analyses. Results from this study will be used to support development and testing of interventions, such as those that may improve sleep, among young children at risk for toxic stress.
What Is Old Is New Again: Delafloxacin, a Modern Fluoroquinolone
Authors: Cho Jonathan C. , Crotty Matthew P. , White Bryan P. , Worley Marylee V. 
Published: October 2017

Delafloxacin is a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) in adults using dosage regimens of 300 mg intravenously every 12 hours, 450 mg orally every 12 hours, or switching from intravenous to oral regimens for a 5‐ to 14‐day treatment duration. Dosage adjustments in patients with severe renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] = 15–29 ml/min/1.73 m2) are not required for oral doses but should be decreased to 200 mg intravenously every 12 hours in patients requiring parenteral therapy. Due to insufficient data, use of delafloxacin is not recommended for patients on hemodialysis or with end‐stage renal disease (eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2). Delafloxacin works through inhibition of DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV, which are essential enzymes for bacterial DNA transcription, replication, repair, and recombination and exhibits bactericidal activity against gram‐positive and gram‐negative organisms through a concentration‐dependent matter. Delafloxacin has a very broad spectrum of activity against atypical, anaerobic, and resistant gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During phase 3 trials, the most common side effects associated with delafloxacin were gastrointestinal (nausea, diarrhea). Unlike other fluoroquinolones, there does not seem to be a risk of QTc prolongation or phototoxicity with delafloxacin. The availability of both parenteral and oral formulations for delafloxacin distinguishes it from many of the currently available agents approved for ABSSSIs. Phase 3 studies for the treatment of respiratory infections are currently under way, and future results of these studies will further help delineate the role of delafloxacin.
Ultrathin Layered SnSe Nanoplates for Low Voltage, High‐Rate, and Long‐Life Alkali–Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Peihao , Zheng Henry , Liu Qiao , Lv Fan , Wu Jiandong , Wang Hao , Guo Shaojun 
Published: October 2017

Abstract2D electrode materials with layered structures have shown huge potential in the fields of lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries. However, their poor conductivity limits the rate performance and cycle stability of batteries. Herein a new colloid chemistry strategy is reported for making 2D ultrathin layered SnSe nanoplates (SnSe NPs) for achieving more efficient alkali‐ion batteries. Due to the effect of weak Van der Waals forces, each semiconductive SnSe nanoplate stacks on top of each other, which can facilitate the ion transfer and accommodate volume expansion during the charge and discharge process. This unique structure as well as the narrow‐bandgap semiconductor property of SnSe simultaneously meets the requirements of achieving fast ionic and electronic conductivities for alkali‐ion batteries. They exhibit high capacity of 463.6 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 for Na‐ion batteries and 787.9 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 for Li‐ion batteries over 300 cycles, and also high stability for alkali‐ion batteries.
Alternative therapy for pure leishmaniasis
Authors: Burstein Zuño , Tejada Abelardo , Flores Diana , Fuchino Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTCaseThe Japanese ointment shiunko was given to 56 patients with clinical findings of cutaneous lesions and parasite evidence of pure cutaneous leishmaniasis (Andean cutaneous leishmaniasis, also known as UTA in Peru), as an alternative therapy because they were unable to be treated with the usual antimonial treatment for various reasons.OutcomesFifty‐three subjects were followed for 30 days. Fifty had confirmed remission of the lesions together with negative parasitology and healing, and three did not achieve treatment response. Three of the initially enrolled patients withdrew from the study.ConclusionShiunko ointment appeared to be effective in the treatment of leishmaniasis, indicating the need for further studies with an increased number of patients in order to obtain statistically significant results.
Implications of climate change for the sugarcane industry
Authors: Linnenluecke Martina K. , Nucifora Natalie , Thompson Nicole 
Published: October 2017

This review was undertaken to draw together research on how climate change impacts sugarcane production, and to assess the implications of climate change for the sugarcane industry, as well as possible response options. Much of the extant research examines how changes in climate lead to changes in primary production; however, few studies consider how climate change translates into industry‐wide impacts and economic consequences across the sugarcane value chain. Of the 90 studies we reviewed (published as journal articles, proceedings, and book chapters), 61 assess observed and/or projected impacts of climate change on sugarcane production. These studies reach largely different conclusions regarding how increases in air temperature or atmospheric carbon dioxide levels impact sugarcane production. These mixed results can be attributed to differences between the studies in terms of methods, time frames, and growing regions, which all limit cross‐study comparability. A total of 17 studies focus on the adaptation to observed and/or projected impacts of climate change, such as changed management procedures or farming practices, but there is limited evidence regarding successful adaptation outcomes. In addition, a separate stream of papers discusses mitigating energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in the sugarcane production process, often with a view to reducing environmental impacts. Our review concludes by outlining the pathways for future research, highlighting that further insights are needed in particular regarding the economic consequences of climate change for the sugarcane industry. WIREs Clim Change 2018, 9:e498. doi: 10.1002/wcc.498This article is categorized under:

Future of Global Energy > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change
Tolerant reasoning: nontransitive or nonmonotonic?
Authors: Cobreros Pablo , Egré Paul , Ripley Dave , van Rooij Robert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe principle of tolerance characteristic of vague predicates is sometimes presented as a soft rule, namely as a default which we can use in ordinary reasoning, but which requires care in order to avoid paradoxes. We focus on two ways in which the tolerance principle can be modeled in that spirit, using special consequence relations. The first approach relates tolerant reasoning to nontransitive reasoning; the second relates tolerant reasoning to nonmonotonic reasoning. We compare the two approaches and examine three specific consequence relations in relation to those, which we call:strict-to-tolerantentailment,pragmatic-to-tolerantentailment, andpragmatic-to-pragmaticentailment. The first two are nontransitive, whereas the latter two are nonmonotonic.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Control Challenges with a Novel Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay in a Tertiary Medical Center
Authors: Sendi Parham , Egli Adrian , Dangel Marc , Frei Reno , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah , Widmer Andreas F. 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate host characteristics, mode of infection acquisition, and infection control procedures in patients with a positive respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) test result after the introduction of the GenXpert Influenza/RSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.PATIENTSAdults with a positive PCR test result for RSV who were hospitalized in a tertiary academic medical center between January 2015 and December 2016 were included in this study. Our infection control policy applies contact isolation precautions only for immunocompromised patients.METHODSPatients were identified through 2 databases, 1 consisting of patients isolated because of RSV infection and 1 with automatically collected laboratory results. Baseline and clinical characteristics were collected through a retrospective medical chart review. The rate of and clinical factors associated with healthcare-associated RSV infections were evaluated.RESULTSIn total, 108 episodes in 106 patients hospitalized with a positive Xpert RSV test result were recorded during the study period. Among them, 11 episodes were healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and 97 were community-acquired infections (CAIs). The mean length of hospital stay (LOS, 40.2 vs 11.2 days), the mean number of room switches (3.5 vs 1.7) and ward switches (1.5 vs 0.4), and the mean numbers of contact patients (9.9 vs 3.8) were significantly longer and higher in the HAI group than in the CAI group (P<.0001). Surveillance of microbiology records and clinical data did not reveal evidence for a cluster or an epidemic during the 2-year observation period.CONCLUSIONSThe introduction of a rapid molecular diagnostic test systematically applied to patients with influenza-like illness may challenge current infection control policies. In our study, patients with HAIs had a prolonged hospital stay and a high number of contact patients, and they switched rooms and wards frequently.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:1291–1297
MULTIPLICATIVE ORDERS IN ORBITS OF POLYNOMIALS OVER FINITE FIELDS
Authors: SHPARLINSKI IGOR E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe show, under some natural restrictions, that orbits of polynomials cannot contain too many elements of small multiplicative order modulo a large prime p. We also show that for all but finitely many initial points either the multiplicative order of this point or the length of the orbit it generates (both modulo a large prime p) is large. The approach is based on the results of Dvornicich and Zannier (Duke Math. J.139 (2007), 527–554) and Ostafe (2017) on roots of unity in polynomial orbits over the algebraic closure of the field of rational numbers.
Ribosome structural dynamics in translocation: yet another functional role for ribosomal RNA
Authors: Noller Harry F. , Lancaster Laura , Mohan Srividya , Zhou Jie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRibosomes are remarkable ribonucleoprotein complexes that are responsible for protein synthesis in all forms of life. They polymerize polypeptide chains programmed by nucleotide sequences in messenger RNA in a mechanism mediated by transfer RNA. One of the most challenging problems in the ribosome field is to understand the mechanism of coupled translocation of mRNA and tRNA during the elongation phase of protein synthesis. In recent years, the results of structural, biophysical and biochemical studies have provided extensive evidence that translocation is based on the structural dynamics of the ribosome itself. Detailed structural analysis has shown that ribosome dynamics, like aminoacyl-tRNA selection and catalysis of peptide bond formation, is made possible by the properties of ribosomal RNA.
The Great Socialist Experiment? The Soviet State in its International Context
Authors: Hoffmann David L. 
Published: October 2017

This essay takes the October Revolution's centennial as an occasion to consider Soviet state practices in an international context. Many features of Soviet governance reflected an interventionist ethos that first arose in western Europe and subsequently informed programs of population management around the world. From this perspective, we see that Soviet methods of rule derived not from socialist ideology but rather from pre-existing state practices. Communist Party leaders used these practices to pursue ideological goals, but both ambitions to reshape society and the means to do so originated elsewhere. This comparative approach also highlights ways the Soviet case resembled that of other late-developing countries, where educated elites similarly relied on state interventions to transform their populations. For many of them, the Soviet Union offered an alternative model of socioeconomic advancement, albeit one based on extreme state violence.
Dispersal alters bacterial diversity and composition in a natural community
Authors: Albright Michaeline B N , Martiny Jennifer B H 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Dispersal is central to the evolution and maintenance of microbial diversity. Quantifying microbial dispersal and its role in shaping communities remains a challenge, however. Here, we manipulated a bacterial community’s dispersal rate in a grassland ecosystem and test whether this altered diversity and composition. We constructed bags of two nylon mesh sizes that allowed more or less bacterial movement and filled them with an edible or inedible substrate, irradiated plant litter or nylon sheets. We measured changes in bacterial abundance (using flow cytometry) and composition (using 16S amplicon sequencing) in the bags weekly over 5 months. The dispersal treatment altered bacterial colonization rates and led to differences in the abundance, richness, evenness and composition of communities. Overall, the study demonstrates that dispersal influences the assembly of this natural bacterial community.