bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delineating Lake Types of the Jurassic East Berlin Formation, Hartford Basin, Newark Supergroup
Authors:   Ohio University, Conti Alexander A. , Gierlowski-Kordesch Elizabeth H. 
Published: March 2016

The Mesozoic Hartford Basin, a fault-bounded half-graben in New England, is composed of four sedimentologic units displaying lacustrine, playa, and alluvial conditions separated by three tholeiitic basalt flows. Limited outcrop, however, has restricted analyses across the basin. The Jurassic East Berlin Formation, in particular, crops out only in the southern and northern extents of the basin, exposing the upper 100-118-m of deposits. As a result, a new core analysis across a 600-m-transect of East Berlin rocks has been completed in the central region of the basin, exposing the entire 195-m thickness of the formation for the first time. Cores expose eight 3-m-thick lacustrine mudrock units, the upper six of which are correlative to lake deposits identified in the southern and northern extents of the basin. Additionally, thin chicken-wire evaporites demarcate the lowermost, previously unexposed, lacustrine unit, 7-m beneath a 15-cm-thick tufa horizon. Thin playa deposits and thick sheetflood and Vertisol packages separate these lake sequences over 5-30-m of vertical distance.To supplement these sedimentologic data, and better understand lake geochemistry of the basin during East Berlin time, new biomarker analyses have been applied to each of the eight lacustrine mudrock units for the first time. Biomarker data are useful for determining the lake-basin type, a paleolake classification system derived by Bohacs, Carroll, and others to describe predictable physical and geochemical evolution within rift basins from fluvial facies to over-filled, balance-filled, and under-filled lacustrine facies; subsequently, balance-filled lacustrine facies grade to a terminal fluvial facies during changes in accommodation space through time. While fluvial facies envelope lake deposits within the Hartford Basin, identifying the lake types within the East Berlin has been problematic because of limited exposures. These new sedimentologic and biomarker analyses, however, suggest balance-filled lacustrine conditions at the base of the East Berlin that grade into under-filled conditions upsection. These new biomarker data finally provide definitive evidence for changing lake types during East Berlin time.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and occupational characteristics of police officers in Republic of Korea: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lee June-Hee , Kim Inah , Won Jong-Uk , Roh Jaehoon 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveSouth Korean police officers have a greater workload compared to their counterparts in advanced countries. However, few studies have evaluated the occupational challenges that South Korean police officers face. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the police officer's job characteristics and risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among South Korean police officers.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPolice officers in South Korea.Participants3817 police officers with a traumatic event over a 1-year period.Main outcome measuresOfficers with a response to the Impact of Event Scale (revised Korean version) score of ≥26 were classified as high risk, and we evaluated their age, sex, department and rank, as well as the frequency and type of traumatic events that they experienced.ResultsAmong the respondents, 41.11% were classified as having a high risk of PTSD. From the perspective of the rank, Inspector group (46.0%) and Assistant Inspector group (42.7%) show the highest frequencies of PTSD. From the perspective of their working division, Intelligence and National Security Division (43.6%) show the highest frequency, followed by the Police Precinct (43.5%) and the Traffic Affairs Management Department (43.3%). It is shown that working in different departments was associated with the prevalence of PTSD (p=0.004).ConclusionsThe high-risk classification was observed in 41.11% of all officers who had experienced traumatic events, and this frequency is greater than that for other specialised occupations (eg, firefighters). Therefore, we conclude that groups with an elevated proportion of high-risk respondents should be a priority for PTSD treatment, which may help increase its therapeutic effect and improve the awareness of PTSD among South Korean police officers.
Homozygosity for the V377I mutation in mevalonate kinase causes distinct clinical phenotypes in two sibs with hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D and periodic fever syndrome (HIDS)
Authors: Messer Laurent , Alsaleh Ghada , Georgel Philippe , Carapito Raphael , Waterham Hans R , Dali-Youcef Nassim , Bahram Siamak , Sibilia Jean 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveMevalonate kinase (MVK) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive auto-inflammatory disorder characterised by recurring episodes of fever associated with multiple non-specific inflammatory symptoms and caused by mutations in theMVKgene. The phenotypic spectrum is wide and depends mostly on the nature of the mutations. Hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D and periodic fever syndrome (HIDS) is a relatively mild presentation and predominantly associated with a c.1129G>A (p.V377I) mutation in theMVK gene. We report cases of two sisters homozygous for this mutation but exhibiting distinct (symptomatic vs asymptomatic) phenotypes.MethodsPatient history was obtained; physical and clinical examination and laboratory tests were performed; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was quantified.ResultsLow MVK enzymatic activity is not necessarily associated with inflammatory symptoms. Increased inflammatory cytokine secretion in response to LPS is associated with symptomatic MVK deficiency.ConclusionsIndividuals who are homozygous for the common p.V377I mutation in the MVK gene may not display the characteristic inflammatory episodes diagnostic of MKD and thus may be lost for correct and timely diagnosis.
PDGF Engages an E2F-USP1 Signaling Pathway to Support ID2-Mediated Survival of Proneural Glioma Cells
Authors: Rahme Gilbert J. , Zhang Zhonghua , Young Alison L. , Cheng Chao , Bivona Eric J. , Fiering Steven N. , Hitoshi Yasuyuki , Israel Mark A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor and responds poorly to currently available therapies. Transcriptomic characterization of glioblastoma has identified distinct molecular subtypes of glioblastoma. Gain-of-function alterations leading to enhanced platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling are commonly observed in the proneural subtype of glioblastoma and can drive gliomagenesis. However, little is known about the downstream effectors of PDGF signaling in glioblastoma. Using a mouse model of proneural glioma and comparative transcriptomics, we determined that PDGF signaling upregulated ubiquitin-specific peptidase 1 (Usp1) to promote the survival of murine proneural glioma cells. Mechanistically, we found that PDGF signaling regulated the expression of the E2F transcription factors, which directly bound to and activated Usp1. Furthermore, PDGF-mediated expression of USP1 led to the stabilization of Inhibitor of DNA-binding 2 (ID2), which we found to be required for glioma cell survival. Genetic ablation of Id2 delayed tumor-induced mortality, and pharmacologic inhibition of USP1, resulting in decreased ID2 levels, also delayed tumorigenesis in mice. Notably, decreased USP1 expression was associated with prolonged survival in patients with proneural glioblastoma, but not with other subtypes of glioblastoma. Collectively, our findings describe a signaling cascade downstream of PDGF that sustains proneural glioblastoma cells and suggest that inhibition of the PDGF–E2F–USP1–ID2 axis could serve as a therapeutic strategy for proneural glioblastoma featuring increased PDGF signaling. Cancer Res; 76(10); 2964–76. ©2016 AACR.
Oral anticoagulants in coronary heart disease (Section IV) Position paper of the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis – Task Force on Anticoagulants in Heart Disease
Authors: Husted Steen , Wallentin Lars , Andreotti Felicita , Arnesen Harald , Bachmann Fedor , Baigent Colin , Collet Jean-Philippe , Halvorsen Sigrun , Huber Kurt , Jespersen Jørgen , Kristensen Steen Dalby , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Morais João , Rasmussen Lars Hvilsted , Ricci Fabrizio , Sibbing Dirk , Siegbahn Agneta , Storey Robert F. , Berg Jurrien ten , Verheugt Freek W. A. , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Caterina Raffaele De 
Published: March 2016

SummaryUntil recently, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) were the only available oral anticoagulants evaluated for long-term treatment of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Despite efficacy in this setting, VKAs are rarely used because they are cumbersome to administer. Instead, the more readily manageable antiplatelet agents are the mainstay of prevention in ACS patients. This situation has the potential to change with the introduction of non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs), which are easier to administer than VKAs because they can be given in fixed doses without routine coagulation monitoring. The NOACs include dabigatran, which inhibits thrombin, and apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban, which inhibit factor Xa. Apixaban and rivaroxaban were evaluated in phase III trials for prevention of recurrent ischaemia in ACS patients, most of whom were also receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel. Although at the doses tested rivaroxaban was effective and apixaban was not, both agents increased major bleeding. The role for the NOACs in ACS management, although promising, is therefore complicated, because it is uncertain how they compare with newer antiplatelet agents, such as prasugrel, ticagrelor or vorapaxar, and because their safety in combination with these other drugs is unknown. Ongoing studies are also now evaluating the use of NOACs in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients, where their role is established, with coexistent ACS or coronary stenting. Focusing on CHD, we review the results of clinical trials with the NOACs and provide a perspective on their future incorporation into clinical practice.Note: The review process for this paper was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor in Chief.
Ice Nucleating Particle Measurements at 241 K during Winter Months at 3580 m MSL in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Boose Yvonne , Kanji Zamin A. , Kohn Monika , Sierau Berko , Zipori Assaf , Crawford Ian , Lloyd Gary , Bukowiecki Nicolas , Herrmann Erik , Kupiszewski Piotr , Steinbacher Martin , Lohmann Ulrike 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations were measured at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, 3580 m above mean sea level during the winter months of 2012, 2013, and 2014 with the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber (PINC). During the measurement periods, the research station was mostly located in the free troposphere, and particle concentrations were low. At temperature T = 241 K, INP concentrations in the deposition regime [relative humidity with respect to water (RHw) = 93%] were, on average, below 1.09 per standard liter of air (stdL−1; normalized to 1013 hPa and 273 K) and 4.7 ± 8.3 stdL−1 in the condensation regime (RHw = 103%) in winter 2014. The deployment of a particle concentrator upstream of PINC decreased the limit of detection (LOD) by a factor of 3 compared to earlier measurements. The authors discuss a potential bias of INP measurements toward higher concentrations if data below the LOD are disregarded and thus recommend reporting subLOD data in future publications. Saharan dust and more local, basaltic dust mixed with marine aerosol were found to constitute the dominant INP type. Bioaerosols were not observed to play a role in ice nucleation during winter because of their low concentration during this period. The INP concentrations at Jungfraujoch are low in comparison to other studies of INP at this temperature. This represents the first study addressing interannual variations of INP concentrations during winter at one location.
ERA-20C: An Atmospheric Reanalysis of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Poli Paul , Hersbach Hans , Dee Dick P. , Berrisford Paul , Simmons Adrian J. , Vitart Frédéric , Laloyaux Patrick , Tan David G. H. , Peubey Carole , Thépaut Jean-Noël , Trémolet Yannick , Hólm Elías V. , Bonavita Massimo , Isaksen Lars , Fisher Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe ECMWF twentieth century reanalysis (ERA-20C; 1900–2010) assimilates surface pressure and marine wind observations. The reanalysis is single-member, and the background errors are spatiotemporally varying, derived from an ensemble. The atmospheric general circulation model uses the same configuration as the control member of the ERA-20CM ensemble, forced by observationally based analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice cover, atmospheric composition changes, and solar forcing. The resulting climate trend estimations resemble ERA-20CM for temperature and the water cycle. The ERA-20C water cycle features stable precipitation minus evaporation global averages and no spurious jumps or trends. The assimilation of observations adds realism on synoptic time scales as compared to ERA-20CM in regions that are sufficiently well observed. Comparing to nighttime ship observations, ERA-20C air temperatures are 1 K colder. Generally, the synoptic quality of the product and the agreement in terms of climate indices with other products improve with the availability of observations. The MJO mean amplitude in ERA-20C is larger than in 20CR version 2c throughout the century, and in agreement with other reanalyses such as JRA-55. A novelty in ERA-20C is the availability of observation feedback information. As shown, this information can help assess the product’s quality on selected time scales and regions.
Calibration and Validation of HY-2 Altimeter Wave Height
Authors: Liu Qingxiang , Babanin Alexander V. , Guan Changlong , Zieger Stefan , Sun Jian , Jia Yongjun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHai Yang-2 (HY-2) satellite altimeter measurements of significant wave height () are analyzed over the period from 1 October 2011 to 6 December 2014. They are calibrated and validated against in situ buoys and other concurrently operating altimeters: Jason-2, CryoSat-2, and Satellite with Argos and ALtiKa (SARAL). In general, the HY-2 altimeter measurements agree well with buoy measurements, with a bias of −0.22 m and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.30 m. When the reduced major axis (RMA) regression procedure was applied to the entire period, the RMSE was reduced by 33% to 0.2 m. A further comparison with other satellite altimeters, however, revealed two additional features of HY-2 estimates over this period. First, a noticeable mismatch is present between HY-2 and the other satellite altimeters for high seas ( > 6 m). Second, a jump increase in HY-2 values was detected starting in April 2013, which was associated with the switch to backup status of the HY-2 sensors and the subsequent update of its data processing software. Although reported by previous studies, these two deficiencies had not been accounted for in calibrations. Therefore, the HY-2 wave height records are now subdivided into two phases (time periods pre- and post-April 2013) and a two-branched calibration is proposed for each phase. These revised calibrations, validated throughout the range of significant wave heights of 1–9 m, are expected to improve the practical applicability of HY-2 measurements significantly.
Comparison of Terrain-Following and Cut-Cell Grids Using a Nonhydrostatic Model
Authors: Shaw James , Weller Hilary 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Terrain-following coordinates are widely used in operational models but the cut-cell method has been proposed as an alternative that can more accurately represent atmospheric dynamics over steep orography. Because the type of grid is usually chosen during model implementation, it becomes necessary to use different models to compare the accuracy of different grids. In contrast, here a C-grid finite-volume model enables a like-for-like comparison of terrain-following and cut-cell grids. A series of standard two-dimensional tests using idealized terrain are performed: tracer advection in a prescribed horizontal velocity field, a test starting from resting initial conditions, and orographically induced gravity waves described by nonhydrostatic dynamics. In addition, three new tests are formulated: a more challenging resting atmosphere case, and two new advection tests having a velocity field that is everywhere tangential to the terrain-following coordinate surfaces. These new tests present a challenge on cut-cell grids. The results of the advection tests demonstrate that accuracy depends primarily upon alignment of the flow with the grid rather than grid orthogonality. A resting atmosphere is well maintained on all grids. In the gravity waves test, results on all grids are in good agreement with existing results from the literature, although terrain-following velocity fields lead to errors on cut-cell grids. Because of semi-implicit time stepping and an upwind-biased, explicit advection scheme, there are no time step restrictions associated with small cut cells. In contradiction to other studies, no significant advantages of cut cells or smoothed coordinates are found.
A-Train-Based Case Study of Stratiform–Convective Transition within a Warm Conveyor Belt
Authors: Crespo Juan A. , Posselt Derek J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Clouds are both produced by and interact with the mesoscale and synoptic-scale structure of extratropical cyclones (ETCs) in ways that are still not well understood. Cloud-scale radiative and latent heating modifies the thermal environment, leading to a response in the dynamics that can in turn feed back on cloud distribution and microphysical properties. Key to the structure of ETCs is the warm conveyor belt (WCB); the poleward-ascending airstream that produces the bulk of the clouds and precipitation. This paper examines a long-lived WCB that persisted over the western North Atlantic Ocean in nearly the same location for several days. During this time, the storm was sampled multiple times by NASA’s A-Train satellite constellation, and a clear transition from stratiform to convective clouds was observed. Examination of coincident temperature and water vapor data reveals destabilization of the thermodynamic profile after the cyclone reached maturity. CloudSat radar reflectivity from two sequential overpasses of the warm front depicts a change from stratiform to convective cloud structure, and high-frequency microwave data reveal an increase in the amount of ice hydrometeors. The presence of convection may serve to strengthen the warm frontal trough while slowing the movement of the primary low pressure center. The stratiform–convective transition cannot be detected from passive measurements of cloud-top pressure. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of multivariate satellite observations for examining the outcome of dynamic processes in ETCs, and highlight the need for more rapid temporal profiling in future remote sensing observing systems.
Bayesian Updating of Track-Forecast Uncertainty for Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Kang Nam-Young , Lim Myeong-Soon , Elsner James B. , Shin Dong-Hyun 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The accuracy of track forecasts for tropical cyclones (TCs) is well studied, but less attention has been paid to the representation of track-forecast uncertainty. Here, Bayesian updating is employed on the radius of the 70% probability circle using 72-h operational forecasts with comparisons made to the classical approach based on the empirical cumulative density (ECD). Despite an intuitive and efficient way of treating track errors, the ECD approach is statistically less informative than Bayesian updating. Built on a solid statistical foundation, Bayesian updating is shown to be a useful technique that can serve as a substitute for the classical approach in representing operational TC track-forecast uncertainty.
Suitability of utilizing small horizontal axis wind turbines for off grid loads in eastern region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rehman S , Baseer MA , Meyer JP , Alam Md M , Alhems LM , Lashin A , Al Arifi N 
Published: March 2016

Small wind turbines of 1–3, 5–10, and 15–20 kW rated powers are used to find out suitable and efficient turbines for power generation in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Additionally, the effect of hub height on energy output and the plant capacity factor is investigated to recommend an optimal hub height to be used in the present case. To achieve the set objectives, hourly mean wind speed data measured at 20, 30, and 40 m and wind direction at 30 and 40 m during 13 September 2005 to 9 May 2010 have been utilized. The annual mean wind speed values were 5.73, 5.34, and 4.75 m/s at 40, 30, and 20 m with north-north west (NNW) prevailing wind direction. An increase of about 20.7% was estimated in wind speed measured at 40 m compared to that at 20 m. Wind turbines Fortis Passat—1.4 kW, Fortis Montana—5.8 kW, Fortis Alize—10 kW, and CF20—20 kW with annual energy and plant capacity factor of 7.015 MW h and 57.2%, 25.955 MW h and 51.08%, 42.603 MW h and 48.63%, and 54.674 MW h and 31.21% were the most efficient turbines for the chosen location, respectively. Highest percentage increase in annual energy yield was obtained for a mere change of 5 m from 15 to 20 m in hub height in the present case study. The next best annual energy yield was obtained while increasing hub height from 20 to 30 m.
Dual task cost of cognition is related to fall risk in patients with multiple sclerosis: a prospective study
Authors: Etemadi Yasaman 
Published: March 2016

Objective: To examine whether change in cognitive performance during dual task condition compared with a task in isolation, known as dual task cost, is related to fall risk of patients with multiple sclerosis. Design: Prospective cohort. During baseline assessment, data about balance, walking and cognitive performance of patients with multiple sclerosis were collected under a single and dual task condition. The dual task cost was calculated as a percentage of change in parameters from single to dual task conditions. Falls were recorded prospectively for six months and participants were classified as none/one time fallers and recurrent fallers (⩾2 falls). The association between dual task costs and fall status was evaluated by logistic regression. Setting: Balance research lab of university hospital. Participants: A total of 60 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Interventions: Not applicable. Main outcome measures: The dual task cost of the center of pressure sway area, walking velocity and correct response rate were outcome measures for balance, walking and cognitive performance, respectively. Results: A total of 79 falls were reported by 38 of the participants who experienced one or more falls; 26 (43.3%) of them had recurrent falls. Dual tasking resulted in increased sway area and decreased walking velocity and correct response rate during walking (all p values <0.05). Logistic regressions showed that the dual task cost of the correct response rate during walking and walking velocity were associated with increased risk of recurrent falls ( P = 0.02, odds ratio = 1.34; confidence interval (CI) 1.04–3.74; P =  0.05, odds ratio = 1.23, CI = 1.02–4.45, respectively). Conclusions: The dual task cost of cognition was related to fall, which should be considered as a target for falls evaluation and prevention strategies.