bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The histopathological comparison on the destruction of the periodontal tissue between normal junctional epithelium and long junctional epithelium
Authors: Noguchi S. , Ukai T. , Kuramoto A. , Yoshinaga Y. , Nakamura H. , Takamori Y. , Yamashita Y. , Hara Y. 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectiveThe barrier function of long junctional epithelium is thought to be important after periodontal initial therapy and periodontal surgery. Although the difference between long junctional epithelium and normal junctional epithelium regarding their resistance to destruction of periodontal tissue has been investigated, the mechanism still remains unclear. Using our rat experimental periodontitis model in which loss of attachment and resorption of alveolar bone is induced by the formation of immune complexes, we investigated the resistance of periodontal tissue containing long junctional epithelium and normal junctional epithelium to destruction.Material and MethodsRats were divided into four groups. In the immunized long junctional epithelium (I‐LJE) group, rats were immunized with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and curettage and root planing procedures were performed on the palatal gingiva of the maxillary first molars to obtain reattachment by long junctional epithelium. In the immunized normal junctional epithelium (I‐JE) group, rats were immunized without curettage and root planing procedures. In the nonimmunized long junctional epithelium (nI‐LJE) group, rats were not immunized but curettage and root‐planing procedures were performed. In the control group, neither immunization nor curettage and root‐planing was performed. In all rats, periodontal inflammation was induced by topical application of LPS into the palatal gingival sulcus of maxillary first molars. The rats were killed at baseline and after the third and fifth applications of LPS. Attachment loss and the number of inflammatory cells and osteoclasts in the four groups were compared histopathologically and histometrically.ResultsAfter the third application of LPS in the I‐LJE group, attachment loss showed a greater increase than in control and nI‐LJE groups, and inflammatory cell infiltration and osteoclasts were increased more than in the other groups. After the fifth application of LPS, attachment loss was greater and there was a higher degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in nI‐LJE and I‐LJE groups than in control and I‐JE groups.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the destruction of periodontal tissue is increased in tissue containing long junctional epithelium compared with normal junctional epithelium and that the immunized condition accelerates the destruction by forming immune complexes.
Exploring the Links Between Texture Perception and Bolus Properties Throughout oral Processing. Part 1: Breakdown Paths
Authors: Young Ashley K. , Cheong Jean Ne , Foster Kylie D. , Hedderley Duncan I. , Morgenstern Marco P. , James Bryony J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study explored links between texture perception and breakdown path throughout oral processing. Five subjects chewed a short dough biscuit recipe. Dynamic textural perception was followed using Temporal Dominance of Sensations. Subjects expectorated at three stages of bolus formation (early, mid, and point of swallow). Visual inspection and moisture content (MC) provided a description of breakdown path. Interindividual differences in perceived texture and breakdown paths were observed. This study indicated differences between how individuals used sensory texture terms to describe bolus structure. The dry‐to‐sticky dominance transition corresponded to increased mixing and MC. However, there was not a significant change in MC for all subjects.A panel‐level analysis agreed with the “Mouth Process” model but there were interindividual differences at the point of swallow. This study suggests that there may not be a universal swallowing threshold for this biscuit recipe in terms of the measured properties but does indicate it may be possible to group consumers using bolus structure swallowing thresholds.Practical ApplicationsOral processing of a solid food involves food breakdown and reassembly with saliva into a deformable bolus that can be swallowed safely. The relationships between masticatory behavior, perceived texture, bolus structure, and mechanical and rheological properties throughout oral processing are still not fully understood. This study provides evidence of the subjective nature of oral processing and texture perception but indicates that each individual is not necessarily unique. Consumers may be able to be categorized into different groups based upon sensory dominance, bolus structure, and moisture content swallowing thresholds. Understanding these groupings could aid in the design of foods that follow a desired oral processing path and therefore provide consumers with a specific sensory experience.
Exploring the Links Between Texture Perception and Bolus Properties Throughout Oral Processing. Part 2: Bolus Mechanical and Rheological Properties
Authors: Young Ashley K. , Cheong Jean Ne , Foster Kylie D. , Hedderley Duncan I. , Morgenstern Marco P. , James Bryony J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study explored links between texture perception, breakdown path, and bolus properties throughout oral processing. Five subjects chewed biscuits to three stages of bolus formation (early, mid, and point of swallow). Bolus properties were measured using back extrusion (BE) (yield stress) and a modified texture profile analysis, consecutive double compression (CDC) (peak force, “adhesiveness”, and “cohesiveness”). The validity of the testing methods was discussed and BE was found to be better suited than CDC for testing boluses of varying size. In addition, results indicated that a greater understanding of the properties being measured by the CDC parameters is required. The bolus properties were linked to texture perception and breakdown path results presented in Part 1 of this study.At a panel‐level, yield stress and peak force decreased and “adhesiveness” and “cohesiveness” increased throughout oral processing. Interindividual differences were found in bolus mass, yield stress, peak force, “adhesiveness”, “cohesiveness”, and description of bolus properties using texture terms. A panel‐level analysis agreed with the “Mouth Process” and “Optimum Swallow” models. However, not all individuals' results were consistent with the latter model. A universal swallowing threshold for this biscuit recipe in terms of the measured properties was not found. Results suggest consumers can potentially be grouped by sensory experience, breakdown path, or bolus properties.Practical ApplicationsThe relationships between masticatory behavior, perceived texture, bolus structure, and mechanical and rheological properties throughout oral processing are still not fully understood. This study applies modified texture profile analysis and back extrusion methods for the testing of boluses at different stages of oral processing and discusses their validity. This study indicates that analyzing texture‐bolus property relationships at a panel – rather than individual – level may not provide a full picture of consumer experience. Although there are differences between consumers, they can potentially be grouped by sensory experience, food breakdown path, or bolus properties (including bolus moisture content and rheology). These groupings could be used to design studies that are more applicable to a general population and may be useful in tailoring foods to specific target groups.
GS‐9857 in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1–4 infection: a randomized, double‐blind, dose‐ranging phase 1 study
Authors: Rodriguez‐Torres M. , Glass S. , Hill J. , Freilich B. , Hassman D. , Di Bisceglie A. M. , Taylor J. G. , Kirby B. J. , Dvory‐Sobol H. , Yang J. C. , An D. , Stamm L. M. , Brainard D. M. , Kim S. , Krefetz D. , Smith W. , Marbury T. , Lawitz E. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryGS‐9857, an inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein (NS) 3/4A, demonstrates potent activity against HCV genotypes 1–6 and improved coverage against commonly encountered NS3 resistance‐associated variants (RAVs). In this study, the safety, tolerability, antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics (PK) of GS‐9857 were evaluated in patients with chronic HCV genotype 1–4 infection. Patients with genotype 1–4 infection received placebo or once‐daily GS‐9857 at doses ranging from 50 to 300 mg for 3 days under fasting conditions. GS‐9857 was well tolerated; all reported adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate in severity. Diarrhoea and headache were the most commonly reported AEs. Grade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities were observed in 17% of patients receiving GS‐9857; there were no Grade 3 or 4 abnormalities in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase levels. GS‐9857 demonstrated potent antiviral activity in patients with chronic HCV infection, achieving mean and median maximum reductions in HCV RNA of ≥3 log10 IU/mL following administration of a 100‐mg dose in patients with HCV genotype 1a, 1b, 2, 3 or 4 infection. The antiviral activity of GS‐9857 was unaffected by the presence of pretreatment NS3 RAVs. In patients with genotype 1–4 infection, GS‐9857 exhibited linear PK and was associated with a median half‐life of 29–42 h, supporting once‐daily dosing. Thus, the tolerability, efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of GS‐9857 support its further evaluation for treatment of patients with chronic HCV infection.
It's story time!: exploring the potential of multimodality in oral storytelling to support children's vocabulary learning
Authors: Lwin Soe Marlar 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlthough many studies have been done on the benefits of parent/teacher‐child interactions during shared storybook reading or read‐aloud sessions, very few have examined the potential of professional storytellers' oral discourse to support children's vocabulary learning. In those storytelling sessions conducted by professional storytellers, the process of telling a story is typically not accompanied by a book, but only by the teller's well‐coordinated gestures, facial expressions and voice modulations. In this study, I perform a multimodal analysis of storytellers' oral discourse recorded during two storytelling sessions for four‐to‐five‐year‐old children. The study aims to (1) find out the specific types of vocal and visual features accompanying the spoken words which were unlikely to be known by the children but used by the storytellers for representations of events and characters, and (2) explore the potential of these multimodal features in oral storytelling to support children's inferring of word meanings. The study offers insights into multimodality in oral storytelling and implications for exploring the potential of multimodal features in this form of literacy practice to support children's vocabulary learning.
Effect of obesity and weight loss on ventricular repolarization: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Omran J. , Firwana B. , Koerber S. , Bostick B. , Alpert M. A. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effects of obesity ± overweight and weight loss on the corrected QT interval (QTc) and QT or QTc dispersion (indices of ventricular repolarization). Mean difference for both QTc and QT or QTc dispersion with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated comparing obese ± overweight subjects and normal weight controls and QTc and QT or QTc dispersion before and after weight loss from diet ± exercise or bariatric surgery. A total of 22 studies fulfilled the selection criteria. Compared with normal weight controls, there was a significantly longer QTc in obese ± overweight subjects (mean difference of 21.74 msec, 95% CI: 18.76 to 22.32) and significantly longer QT or QTc dispersion (mean difference of 15.17 msec, 95% CI: 13.59 to 16.74). Weight loss was associated with a significant decrease in QTc (mean difference −25.77 msec, 95% CI: −28.33–23.21) and QT or QTc dispersion (mean difference of −13.46 msec, 95% CI: −15.60 to −11.32 in obese ± overweight subjects. Thus, obesity ± overweight is associated with significant prolongation of QTc and QT or QTC dispersion. Weight loss in obese ± overweight subjects produces significant decreases in these variables. © 2016 World Obesity
Auditory functional magnetic resonance in awake (nonsedated) and propofol‐sedated children
Authors: Gemma Marco , Scola Elisa , Baldoli Cristina , Mucchetti Marta , Pontesilli Silvia , De Vitis Assunta , Falini Andrea , Beretta Luigi 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is often used in preoperative assessment before epilepsy surgery, tumor or cavernous malformation resection, or cochlear implantation. As it requires complete immobility, sedation is needed for uncooperative patients.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the fMRI cortical activation pattern after auditory stimuli in propofol‐sedated 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children with that of similarly aged nonsedated children.MethodsWhen possible, children underwent MRI without sedation, otherwise it was induced with i.v. propofol 2 mg·kg−1 and maintained with i.v. propofol 4–5 mg·kg−1·h−1. Following diagnostic MRI, fMRi was carried out, randomly alternating two passive listening tasks (a fairy‐tale and nonsense syllables).ResultsWe studied 14 awake and 15 sedated children. During the fairy‐tale task, the nonsedated children's blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal was bilaterally present in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG), Wernicke's area, and Broca's area. Sedated children showed similar activation, with lesser extension to Wernicke's area, and no activation in Broca's area. During the syllable task, the nonsedated children's BOLD signal was bilaterally observed in the STG and Wernicke's area, in Broca's area with leftward asymmetry, and in the premotor area. In sedated children, cortical activation was present in the STG, but not in the frontal lobes. BOLD signal change areas in sedated children were less extended than in nonsedated children during both the fairy‐tale and syllable tasks. Modeling the temporal derivative during both the fairy‐tale and syllable tasks, nonsedated children showed no response while sedated children did.ConclusionsAfter auditory stimuli, propofol‐sedated 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children exhibit an fMRI cortical activation pattern which is different from that in similarly aged nonsedated children.
A good story: Men's storytelling ability affects their attractiveness and perceived status
Authors: DONAHUE JOHN K. , GREEN MELANIE C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThree studies examined gender differences in the effect of storytelling ability on perceptions of a person's attractiveness as a short‐term and long‐term romantic partner. In Study 1, information about a potential partner's storytelling ability was provided. Study 2 participants read a good or poor story supposedly written by a potential partner. Results suggested that only women's attractiveness assessments of men as a long‐term date increased for good storytellers. Storytelling ability did not affect men's ratings of women nor did it affect ratings of short‐term partners. Study 3 suggested that the effect of storytelling ability on long‐term attractiveness for male targets may be mediated by perceived status. Storytelling ability appears to increase perceived status and thus helps men attract long‐term partners.
Concerns and Structural Barriers Associated with WIC Participation among WIC‐Eligible Women
Authors: Liu Cindy H. , Liu Heidi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo examine sociodemographic status, psychosocial concerns, and structural barriers associated with women's participation in the USDA's Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program among those eligible for the program.Design and SampleA total of 1,634 White, African‐American, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI) women from the New York City area completed the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) from 2004 to 2007, a population‐based survey.MeasuresData on WIC eligibility and participation, sociodemographic details, unintended pregnancy, social support, and structural barriers were evaluated.ResultsHispanics and Blacks were 4.1 and 2.4 times more likely to participate, respectively, in the WIC program relative to Whites. Mothers reporting unplanned pregnancies, fewer social supports, and more structural barriers (e.g., transportation) were less likely to participate in WIC. Race‐stratified analyses revealed race/ethnic differences in the pattern of barriers; unintended pregnancy and structural problems were barriers associated with WIC participation particularly for A/PI.ConclusionsWIC‐eligible women with unintended pregnancies and fewer social supports tend to participate in WIC, but those who experience more structural barriers are less likely to participate. A/PI women may face specific challenges to WIC participation. Careful attention is needed to understand the unique attitudes and behaviors in the process of participating in WIC.
Sodomy in Renaissance Bologna
Authors: Dean Trevor 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSodomy has been well studied in Renaissance Florence and Venice. This article for the first time examines this sexual crime in another major Italian city, home of an important university, seat of papal government, and venue of an emergent lordship of the Bentivoglio family. The article starts with a full discussion of the thirty‐nine trials in the Bolognese criminal court across the period 1350–1499, focusing on the evolution of the penalized behaviour, of the character of the suspects and victims (age, provenance), and of the penalty (from death by burning to corporal punishment and incarceration) Two exceptional cases are then discussed at length, in order to focus on two particular issues in these trials, namely the use of torture and the probative quality of ill‐repute.
Highly efficient de novo mutant identification in a Sorghum bicolor TILLING population using the ComSeq approach
Authors: Nida Habte , Blum Shula , Zielinski Dina , Srivastava Dhruv A. , Elbaum Rivka , Xin Zhanguo , Erlich Yaniv , Fridman Eyal , Shental Noam 
Published: March 2016

SummaryScreening large populations for carriers of known or de novo rare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is required both in Targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) experiments in plants and in screening of human populations. We previously suggested an approach that combines the mathematical field of compressed sensing with next‐generation sequencing to allow such large‐scale screening. Based on pooled measurements, this method identifies multiple carriers of heterozygous or homozygous rare alleles while using only a small fraction of resources. Its rigorous mathematical foundations allow scalable and robust detection, and provide error correction and resilience to experimental noise. Here we present a large‐scale experimental demonstration of our computational approach, in which we targeted a TILLING population of 1024 Sorghum bicolor lines to detect carriers of de novo SNPs whose frequency was less than 0.1%, using only 48 pools. Subsequent validation confirmed that all detected lines were indeed carriers of the predicted mutations. This novel approach provides a highly cost‐effective and robust tool for biologists and breeders to allow identification of novel alleles and subsequent functional analysis.
The intestinal cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway
Authors: Goverse Gera , Stakenborg Michelle , Matteoli Gianluca 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe main task of the immune system is to distinguish and respond accordingly to ‘danger’ or ‘non‐danger’ signals. This is of critical importance in the gastrointestinal tract in which immune cells are constantly in contact with food antigens, symbiotic microflora and potential pathogens. This complex mixture of food antigens and symbionts are essential for providing vital nutrients, so they must be tolerated by the intestinal immune system to prevent aberrant inflammation. Therefore, in the gut the balance between immune activation and tolerance should be tightly regulated to maintain intestinal homeostasis and to prevent hypersensitivity to harmless luminal antigens. Loss of this delicate equilibrium can lead to abnormal activation of the intestinal immune system resulting in devastating gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent evidence supports the idea that the central nervous system interacts dynamically via the vagus nerve with the intestinal immune system to modulate inflammation through humoral and neural pathways, using a mechanism also referred to as the intestinal cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway. In this review, we will focus on the current understanding of the mechanisms and neuronal circuits involved in the intestinal cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway. Further investigation on the crosstalk between the nervous and intestinal immune system will hopefully provide new insights leading to the identification of innovative therapeutic approaches to treat intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Rescue of protein expression defects may not be enough to abolish the pro‐arrhythmic phenotype of long QT type 2 mutations
Authors: Perry Matthew D. , Ng Chai Ann , Phan Kevin , David Erikka , Steer Kieran , Hunter Mark J. , Mann Stefan A. , Imtiaz Mohammad , Hill Adam P. , Ke Ying , Vandenberg Jamie I. 
Published: March 2016

Key points
Most missense long QT syndrome type 2 (LQTS2) mutations result in Kv11.1 channels that show reduced levels of membrane expression.
Pharmacological chaperones that rescue mutant channel expression could have therapeutic potential to reduce the risk of LQTS2‐associated arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, but only if the mutant Kv11.1 channels function normally (i.e. like WT channels) after membrane expression is restored.
Fewer than half of mutant channels exhibit relatively normal function after rescue by low temperature. The remaining rescued missense mutant Kv11.1 channels have perturbed gating and/or ion selectivity characteristics.
Co‐expression of WT subunits with gating defective missense mutations ameliorates but does not eliminate the functional abnormalities observed for most mutant channels.
For patients with mutations that affect gating in addition to expression, it may be necessary to use a combination therapy to restore both normal function and normal expression of the channel protein.
AbstractIn the heart, Kv11.1 channels pass the rapid delayed rectifier current (IKr) which plays critical roles in repolarization of the cardiac action potential and in the suppression of arrhythmias caused by premature stimuli. Over 500 inherited mutations in Kv11.1 are known to cause long QT syndrome type 2 (LQTS2), a cardiac electrical disorder associated with an increased risk of life threatening arrhythmias. Most missense mutations in Kv11.1 reduce the amount of channel protein expressed at the membrane and, as a consequence, there has been considerable interest in developing pharmacological agents to rescue the expression of these channels. However, pharmacological chaperones will only have clinical utility if the mutant Kv11.1 channels function normally after membrane expression is restored. The aim of this study was to characterize the gating phenotype for a subset of LQTS2 mutations to assess what proportion of mutations may be suitable for rescue. As an initial screen we used reduced temperature to rescue expression defects of mutant channels expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Over half (∼56%) of Kv11.1 mutants exhibited functional gating defects that either dramatically reduced the amount of current contributing to cardiac action potential repolarization and/or reduced the amount of protective current elicited in response to premature depolarizations. Our data demonstrate that if pharmacological rescue of protein expression defects is going to have clinical utility in the treatment of LQTS2 then it will be important to assess the gating phenotype of LQTS2 mutations before attempting rescue.