bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Methodology for Estimation of Three-Phase Relative Permeability Functions in Heavy-Oil Displacement Involving Instability and Compositional Effects
Authors: Taura Usman , Mahzari Pedram , Sohrabi Mehran 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Simultaneous three-phase flow of gas, oil and water is a common phenomenon in enhanced oil recovery techniques such as Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) injection. Reliable reservoir simulations are required to predict the performance of these injections before field application. However, most commercial simulators are based on Darcy-type formulation requiring the concept of relative permeability. Generally, three-phase relative permeabilities are calculated from empirical correlations, which are based on two-phase relative permeability. However, heavy oil displacement by gas or water can lead to viscous fingering due to the unfavourable mobility ratio between heavy oil and the displacing fluid. In addition, the injection soluble gases such as CO2 can result in compositional effects. Estimation of three-phase relative permeability under such conditions are extremely complex and using conventional techniques for the estimation can lead to erroneous results.
We used the result of three coreflood experiments carried out on a core to generate two-phase and three-phase relative permeability data using an improved history matching methodology that takes into account the instability and the compositional effects in the estimation processes.
The results show that a simultaneous CO2 and Water injection (CO2-SWAG) can be adequately matched using a secondary gas/liquid and a tertiary oil/water relative permeabilities. This is because contrary to WAG in conventional oil recovery, where gas and water open up separate saturations paths, in this case, the water follows the gas saturation path due it's lower resistance as a result of the CO2 dissolving in the oil and reducing the oil viscosity. It is also important to include Pc even in high permeable porous media as we observed that the inclusion of capillary pressure dampened the propagation of the viscous fingers and hence helped the front to become stabilised leading to a better sweep efficiency.
New Approaches to Gas Monetization in Nigeria
Authors: Fulford Nicholas , Aquing Felix , Meehan D. Nathan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Despite progress made in recent years and efforts of the World Bank-led Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership (GGFR), flaring of natural gas continues to be an environmental challenge and a waste of resources. By some estimates, as much as 3.5% of global gas production is flared or vented. In addition to wasting a non-renewable, marketable resource, flaring and venting represent a major source of avoidable CO2 and CH4 emissions that emit excessive amounts of greenhouse gas with no offsetting benefits. In the first half of 2016, Nigeria flared over 3 billion cubic meters (Bcm) (106 Bcf) of gas, with a nominal value of some US$300 MM. Excuses for flaring and venting include the costs of gathering, processing and treating gas, and the lack of infrastructure and access to funds to develop and deliver the gas into viable markets. Some financial terms for Production Sharing Contracts (PSCs) or other contracts, and low regulated gas prices, fail to properly encourage gas use. Sour gas or gas with high levels of non-hydrocarbon diluents, though not applicable to Nigerian gas, further complicates commercialization. A lack of collaboration between operators and regulators also contributes to improper development planning. Retrofitting costs and mature fields further complicate gas use.
The potential to monetize an ever increasing portion of flare gas in Nigeria has many positive benefits, including improving the environment for those living in proximity to oil and gas operations; both savings and new revenues for project sponsors; greater certainty for lenders, and the potential substitution of expensive and polluting diesel-powered applications.
Flaring and venting gas should be infrequent, brief and efficient. This paper presents a variety of ways to monetize small to medium volumes of gas, along with ways to minimize flared and vented gas. The relative volumes of gas required for a wide range of applications are reviewed, including distributed power, CNG, methanol or other GTL, mini- and micro-LNG, and other emerging technologies.
Re-Allocation of Reservoir Blocks Hydrocarbon In-Place Volume Based on Reservoir Performance and Subsurface Data Analysis in a Mature Field
Authors: Efeoghene Ori-Jesu , Adeyemi Olagunju , Frank Agwuncha , Nkonyeasua Oghene , Obiora Nwosu 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Exceeding the estimated technical UR of mature fields is a valid positive risk to be considered in field development. Extending the field life of prolific fields in the Niger Delta using integrated subsurface analysis of available data is an imperative in the current "lower price for longer" oil economy.
For matured reservoirs producing beyond their estimated ultimate recovery, it is necessary to demonstrate the basis on which a revision of recovery factors can be made (SPE et al., 2007). This paper examines how the seismic, geological, production data and pressure data were integrated to arrive at the most plausible reservoir understanding for the re-allocation of In-place volumes for the Tanure field in the Western Niger Delta.
An integrated review of the field history was done on a well- by- well basis, taking into account the cross -sections and relative positions of both flowing and closed -in wells. The CO log data analysis showed the relative movement of the water influx in the field, helping to identify wells that had been shielded by sealing faults, explaining observed production performance. The pressure equivalence of the hitherto separate sub-blocks in the field proved that 75 of the sub-blocks on the various reservoir sand levels could be technically merged into 24 larger blocks. The average contacts for the new sub-blocks were estimated by petrophysical analysis of original contacts observed from open hole log data.
The re-interpretation of 3D seismic and the fault model of the geological structure, led to the revision of Stock Tank Oil Initially In Place (STOIIP) estimates to support the production figures from the maturing field (SPE/WPC, 2001). Fluid contact analysis estimated OWCs for the resulting new blocks, confirmed by pressure data history from the field. The technical recovery limits for the affected blocks were revised based on the calculated STOIIP volumes of the new blocks.
Tracheoesophageal fistula in a patient with a Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Maxymiv Nicolas , Broughton Kirbie , Thakrar Shilen 
Published: July 2017

SummaryTracheo‐oesophageal fistula (TOF) is a rare complication associated with mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Predisposing risk factors include high tracheal tube cuff pressure, and the presence of an orogastric tube. We present a case of TOF in a critically ill patient with a left ventricular assist device. Anaesthetists are often called to manage an airway for a displaced tracheal tube or one with a suspected cuff leak. Exchanging a tracheal tube is not without risk. Tracheo‐oesophageal fistula may present in a similar fashion to a leaking or displaced tracheal tube and it is critical to ensure that this diagnosis is not missed.
The use of sugammadex to reverse rocuronium‐induced anaphylaxis in the intensive care unit
Authors: Leggatt Ricki , Elkady Hatem 
Published: July 2017

SummaryRocuronium is increasingly used as the neuromuscular blocking agent of choice in the ICU due to a favourable side effect profile compared with suxamethonium. However, it potentially causes anaphylaxis with one in every 2499 patient exposures. Reports in anaesthetic literature describe the use of sugammadex as a novel treatment for rocuronium‐induced anaphylaxis, but it is not recommended for routine use. No literature specifically relating to ICU patients exists. We describe a case of severe rocuronium‐induced anaphylaxis on ICU, resistant to conventional therapy and resulting in cardiac arrest, being completely reversed by 200 mg sugammadex.
Voces en movimiento: Latinoamérica migrante dibujada por la música
Authors: Paniagua-Arguedas Laura 
Published: July 2017

El artículo analiza las representaciones presentes en la música latinoamericana de inicios del siglo XXI sobre la experiencia de la migración. Se sostiene que las canciones dan cuenta de fenómenos sociales más amplios, entre ellos el surgimiento de un nuevo sujeto político migrante que contesta, resiste y se organiza frente a las situaciones de discriminación y en la defensa de sus derechos. Este cambio parece estar vinculado a eventos globales como la incorporación de la defensa de derechos humanos en el discurso popular, la difusión mediática de la situación migrante, el fortalecimiento organizativo y el reconocimiento de identidades globalizadas. © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.
Assessment of the Current State of Internal Force and the Optimization of Cable Force for an Existing Long-span Pre-Stressed Concrete (PC) Cable-stayed Bridge
Authors: Ye Xijun , Sun Zhuo , Huang Guoqing 
Published: July 2017

Introduction:
Due to the influence of load, fatigue, corrosion, natural material aging and other long-term adverse factors, the state of the internal force of a cable-stayed bridge will be changed. These long-term effects can result in the bridge not meeting specified functional requirements, and potentially resulting in structural failure. This investigation focuses on the parameter identification of a girder for a pre-stressed concrete (PC) cable-stayed bridge. Without considering the influence of cable relaxation and temperature on the girder’s geometric shape, an improved method based on the “cable force-girder’s displacement” relationship is proposed.

Method:
In this method, measurement variations of displacement and cable force are simultaneously obtained, enabling the use of an optimization method to identify parameters which need to be resolved. To verify the proposed method, a single pylon PC cable stayed bridge (2×160m) is selected as a case study. For the state of internal force, results from the case study bridge indicate that the crack resistance value of the girder no longer satisfies the demand of Generalized codes for design of highway bridges and culverts(JTG D60-2004,in Chinese). In order to adjust the internal force, cable force optimization was undertaken, whereby bending energy was taken as the objective function.

Result:
Using these results the geometric shape of the girder was restored to its initial state. The results also show that neither the crack resistance value nor the compression resistance value of the girder exceeded specified limits, and that the stress of the girder was effectively controlled.
Validation of a Vibrotactile Stimulation System Using the Wii Remote for Studies of Tactile Sensitivity
Authors: Sugimoto Eri , Sasaki Hitoshi 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Vibrotactile stimuli are widely used to study the functional characteristics of the haptic sense. Although many vibrotactile stimulators are commercially available, most are expensive.

Objective:
We developed a low-cost vibrotactile stimulation system using a Nintendo Wii Remote and a personal computer. In the present study, we examined the validity and accuracy of this vibrotactile stimulation system.

Method:
In the first experiment, we measured the linearity of vibration amplitude and changes in peak vibration frequency generated by the Wii Remote as a function of activation intensity. In the second experiment, the effect of vibrotactile stimuli applied to the dorsal surface of hand on two-point discrimination threshold at the index finger was examined in twelve participants.

Results:
The peak vibration frequency was about 150 Hz irrespective of vibration intensity, which would effectively activate fast adapting type II (FAII) cutaneous mechanical receptors. The two-point discrimination threshold measured at the third pad of the index finger decreased significantly when a near-threshold vibrotactile stimulus was applied to the dorsal hand, a response termed stochastic resonance (SR). These SR results are consistent with findings in the other sensory systems, such as auditory, visual, and somatosensory systems.

Conclusion:
This newly developed stimulation system produces controllable vibrotactile stimuli useful for study of the haptic sense.
A Smartphone App for Adolescents With Sleep Disturbance: Development of the Sleep Ninja
Authors: Werner-Seidler Aliza , O'Dea Bridianne , Shand Fiona , Johnston Lara , Frayne Anna , Fogarty Andrea S , Christensen Helen 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundSleep disturbances are common in young people and have consequences for academic, social, emotional, and behavioral development. The most effective treatment is cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), with evidence suggesting that it is efficacious even when delivered digitally.ObjectiveThere are no commercially available digitally delivered CBT-I programs for use by young people. The aim of this project was to develop a smartphone app that delivers CBT-I to young people to improve sleep.MethodsTo inform the development of the app, young people (N=21) aged between 12 and 16 years attended one of the 3 focus groups (each with 4-10 participants). These focus groups were conducted at different stages of the development process such that the process could be iterative. Participants were asked the reasons why they might use an app to help them sleep, the kinds of features or functions that they would like to see in such an app, and any concerns they may have in using the app. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Of the issues discussed by the participants, the researchers selected themes associated with content, functionality, and accessibility and user experience to examine, as these were most informative for the app design process.ResultsIn terms of content, young people were interested in receiving information about recommended sleep guidelines and personalized information for their age group. They reported that keeping a sleep diary was acceptable, but they should be able to complete it flexibly, in their own time. They reported mixed views about the use of the phone’s accelerometer. Young people felt that the functionality of the app should include elements of game playing if they were to remain engaged with the app. Flexibility of use and personalized features were also desirable, and there were mixed views about the schedule of notifications and reminders. Participants reported that for the app to be accessible and usable, it should be from a trusted developer, have engaging aesthetics, have a layout that is easy to navigate, not rely on Internet coverage, and preferably be free. Participants felt that being able to conceal the purpose of the app from peers was an advantage and were willing to provide personal information to use the app if the purpose and use of that information was made clear. Overall, participants endorsed the use of the app for sleep problems among their age group and reported motivation to use it.ConclusionsThe Sleep Ninja is a fully-automated app that delivers CBT-I to young people, incorporating the features and information that young people reported they would expect from this app. A pilot study testing the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of the Sleep Ninja is now underway.
Outcomes of Deceased Donor Kidney Offers to Patients at the Top of the Waiting List
Authors: Huml Anne M. , Albert Jeffrey M. , Thornton J. Daryl , Sehgal Ashwini R. 
Published: July 2017

Background and objectives
Transplant centers may accept or refuse deceased-donor kidneys that are offered to their patients at the top of the waiting list. We sought to determine the outcomes of deceased-donor kidney offers and their association with characteristics of waitlisted patients and organ donors.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We examined all 7 million deceased-donor adult kidney offers in the United States from 2007 to 2012 that led to eventual transplantation. Data were obtained from the national organ allocation system through the United Network of Organ Sharing. The study cohort consisted of 178,625 patients waitlisted for a deceased-donor kidney transplant and 31,230 deceased donors. We evaluated offers made to waitlisted patients and their outcomes (transplantation or specific reason for refusal).

Results
Deceased-donor kidneys were offered a median of seven times before being accepted for transplantation. The most common reasons for refusal of an offer were donor-related factors, e.g., age or organ quality (3.2 million offers, 45.0%), and transplant center bypass, e.g., minimal acceptance criteria not met (3.2 million offers, 44.0%). After adjustment for characteristics of waitlisted patients, organ donors, and transplant centers, male (odds ratio [OR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.91 to 0.95) and Hispanic (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93 to 0.99) waitlisted patients were less likely to have an offer accepted than female and white patients, respectively. The likelihood of offer acceptance varied greatly across transplant centers (interquartile ratio, 2.28).

Conclusions
Transplant centers frequently refuse deceased-donor kidneys. Such refusals differ by patient and donor characteristics, may contribute to disparities in access to transplantation, and vary greatly across transplant centers.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2017_07_27_Huml.mp3
Penalizacyjna pułapka wadliwej polityki społecznej
Authors: Pospiszyl Kazimierz 
Published: July 2017

Autor omawia poglądy badaczy na temat odnotowywanego współcześnie niepokojącego wzrostu liczby osób osadzanych w więzieniach. Przytoczone opinie ukazują w jaki sposób wadliwa i krótkowzroczna polityka społeczna prowadzona w wielu krajach zachodnich, zamiast skupiać się na długofalowych, żmudnych co prawda, ale bardziej skutecznych programach aktywizacji społecznej asymilacji przedstawicieli środowisk upośledzonych pod względem ekonomicznym, skupia się na doraźnych, głownie populistycznych zabiegach. Na zakończenie przedstawia opublikowane niedawno poglądy P.K. Ennsa o immanentnych związkach wskaźników inkarceracji z kształtowanymi przez media nastrojami społeczeństwa amerykańskiego.
Rewiktymizacja ofiar wykorzystywanych seksualnie przez kobiety
Authors: Kowalczyk Małgorzata H. 
Published: July 2017

Ofiary doświadczające wykorzystywania seksualnego przeżywają nie tylko fizyczną krzywdę ale przede wszystkim doznają głębokich urazów psychicznych, które bardzo często w różnych formach towarzyszą im przez całe życie. Dość często przy ustalaniu następstwbagatelizuje się płeć sprawcy. Dlatego bardzo ważne jest poznanie problemu nadużyć seksualnych z perspektywy bliskich i odległych następstw w przypadku, gdy sprawczynią tych czynów była kobieta – matka, opiekunka. W artykule, wykorzystując metodę przeszukiwania źródeł wtórnych, przedstawiono problem następstw seksualnego wykorzystywania u ofiar, które zachowań tych doświadczyły ze strony kobiet. Celem opracowania jest omówienie specyfiki przeżywanej przez ofiary obojga płci traumy powiązanej z wykorzystaniem seksualnym a także bliskich i odległych konsekwencji tych wydarzeń w postaci wiktymizacji pierwotnej oraz rewiktymizacji zaznaczającej się w dorosłym życiu w postaci zaburzeń psychoseksualnych i deficytów społecznych. Wśród konsekwencji na szczególną uwagę zasługują wyodrębnione czynniki traumatyczne o charakterze dynamicznym, które wywołują pojawienie się wielu symptomów charakterystycznych dla dzieci, które doświadczyły przemocy seksualnej. Wspomniane czynniki to: traumatyczna seksualizacja dziecka, zdrada, stygmatyzacja oraz bezsilność. Specyfika tych czynników wynika z faktu, że pozostawiają one odległe „ślady” w psychice i mogą ulec dodatkowemu wzmocnieniu w sytuacji, gdy sprawcą przemocy seksualnej jest kobieta. Wynika to z częstych postaw „zaprzeczania” wobec przemocy seksualnej stosowanej przez kobiety.W opracowaniu wskazano także na jedną z możliwych konsekwencji procesu rewiktymizacji jaką jest powielanie przez ofiary w ich późniejszym życiu wzorów zachowań powiązanych z seksualnym wykorzystywaniem dzieci. Proces ten wynikający z naprzemiennej identyfikacji sprawczyni i ofiary uruchamia mechanizm błędnego koła, który utrudnia tworzenie prawidłowych interakcji społecznych.
Do Social Ties between CEOs and Engagement Audit Partners Affect Audit Quality and Audit Fees?
Authors: Kwon Soo Young , Yi Han S. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARY
Economic agents in the same social networks could either enhance contracting efficiency by reducing information asymmetry or seek rents by promoting collusive behaviors. Recent studies have provided mixed evidence of whether social ties between a chief executive officer (CEO) and an engagement audit partner (EP) improve or impair audit quality (Guan, Su, Wu, and Yang 2016; Jeanjean, Marmousez, and Sirois 2013). By exploiting proprietary data from the South Korean audit market, where low investor protection and strong CEO power might lead to either information sharing or collusion, we add to this literature by exploring how undisclosed CEO-EP social ties affect audit outcomes. We find no evidence that audit effort, audit fees, or audit quality decreases in the presence of CEO-EP social ties. In contrast, we find that CEO-EP school ties are associated with high-quality audits and audit fee premiums. We interpret these findings as evidence that CEO-EP social ties might be important to secure a high-quality audit in a setting with low investor protection.
Data Availability: Audit partner and CEO identification data used in this study are proprietary and subject to confidentiality agreements. Other data are publicly available from sources identified in the text.
Economic Determinants and Consequences of the Proactive Disclosure of Internal Control Weaknesses and Remediation Progress in IPOs
Authors: Basu Sudipta , Krishnan Jagan , Lee Jong Eun , Zhang Yinqi 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARY
This study investigates (1) why some IPO firms proactively disclose internal control weaknesses (ICWs) and remediation progress in their prospectuses before going public, despite being exempt from the requirements of Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act at the time of IPO, and (2) the association of such disclosures with IPO underpricing (i.e., the first-day return). We find that IPO firms that proactively disclose ICWs and remediation progress have higher litigation risk, are audited by industry specialist auditors, and are more likely to have audit committees prior to the IPO, compared with firms that do not disclose such information, after controlling for the ex ante probability of having ICWs. IPO underpricing is lower for firms that disclose ICWs and remediation progress, consistent with the conjecture that the disclosure of ICWs and remediation progress signals extensive premarket due diligence, thus reducing the information asymmetry between informed and uninformed investors.
JEL Classifications: G24; K22; M13; M41; M42; M49.