bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan dan Efektivitas Kegiatan Penangkaran Penyu di Bali bagi Konservasi Penyu
Authors: Firliansyah Eterna , Kusrini Mirza Dikari , Sunkar Arzyana 
Published: October 2017

Sea turtle has been widely consumed in Bali since the 1970s mostly for religious activities. After many international critics, various stakeholders (governments, NGOs, environmentalists and Balinese people) developed the so-called “turtle conservation centre” as means to conserve sea turtles. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of those conservation efforts by evaluating the conservation activities of each conservation centres. We visited five sea turtle conservation centres in Bali; all were named as captive breeding centres or farm. The captive breeding centre is misleading as there is no activity related to captive breeding, mostly hatchery. Some of the eggs were not even originated from Bali, and the centres were sometimes used as the source for sea turtle for religious purposes. Based on the scoring, only one centre is active in terms of conservation. Turtle conservation program in Bali should increase their in situ program, i.e. mapping and protecting the nesting habitat and conducting regular monitoring of nesting turtle.
Wolffhügel Gutiérrez, Christian: El principio de complementariedad y la ley de justicia y paz: principales desafíos, Bogotá d.c., Colección Estudios de Derecho Penal no. 2, Fondo de Publicaciones de la Universidad Sergio Arboleda, 2011.
Authors: Piñeros Juan Pablo Sierra 
Published: October 2017

Wolffhügel Gutiérrez, Christian: El principio de complementariedad y la ley de justicia y paz: principales desafíos, Bogotá d.c., Colección Estudios de Derecho Penal no. 2, Fondo de Publicaciones de la Universidad Sergio Arboleda, 2011.
Investigation of Snow Milling Mechanics to Optimize Winter Tire Traction
Authors: Linke Tim , Wiese Klaus , Wangenheim Matthias , Wies Burkhard , Wallaschek Jörg 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

A detailed understanding of effects occurring in the contact patch between tire tread and snow surface is needed to maximize tire grip in winter conditions. The main focus of this study is quantifying the snow milling effects of individual tire tread block elements during sliding. Tests are carried out using the high-speed linear friction tester (HiLiTe), located at the Institute of Dynamics and Vibration Research at Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany. Test tracks are prepared using artificially produced snow.
To solely investigate snow milling effects and exclude material properties of rubber, in a first instance the tread block samples are made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Because PTFE is at the same time rigid and hydrophobic, known friction mechanisms such as adhesion and hysteresis can be neglected, leaving only the tread pattern milling mechanics to transmit frictional forces to the snow track. The PTFE samples are shaped in such a way that they mimic the geometry of different siped rubber tread blocks under load, varying the sipes' number, shape, and tilt angle.
Results show the benefit of multiple sipes and give information on the evolution of transmittable forces with respect to sliding distance. It is found that the block element shape and tilt angle are directly linked to the frictional force, showing a distinct optimum for specific angle and shape combinations. In addition, forces are not depending on sliding speed, but on sliding distance.
The snow milling results of PTFE block elements are then compared to siped rubber block samples. Corresponding high-speed videos show that PTFE sample snow milling mechanics can be directly applied to rubber samples.
Immigrant and Urban Re-Generation
Authors: Petrella Bianca , de Biase Claudia 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This study has started from the knowledge of the juridical-normative frame regulating the foreigners’ social rights in EU and in Italy and from the reading of directives, programs and documents produced from the EU and from the Region Campania. After this, the study has moved toward the tab of around fifty national and international case studies related to the activity of inclusion and of integration of the immigrated ones. From the comparative reading of the case studies, some immediately transferable strengths have been individualized. Then, we compared the cases studies with the European, Italian and regional Program; the next step has been the examination of the weight of the population immigrated in Italy and in the Region Campania and of its burden in the variation and formation of the real estate. In this way we have had useful "suggestions" for the elaboration of Urban Plans able to support the construction of the inter-cultural city and urban community (Consiglio d’Europa, 2003). In fact, in conclusion, the paper proposes an urban design in the city of Castel Volturno, which is one of four municipalities, along with Mondragone, Sessa Aurunca and Cellole, that belongs to the Domitian coast (Caserta). Since the nineties, the migrants who arrived on Italian territory recognized in the Domitian coast a new attraction center. This immigrant’s presence has led a change in the morphology of settlement. They live in a small town where there is social, urban and environmental decay.
Sex Differences in Victimization from Low Intensity Intimate Partner Aggression in South Sudan
Authors: Ndoromo Owen , Österman Karin , Björkqvist Kaj 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate sex differences in victimisation from low intensity forms of intimate partner aggression in South Sudan. A questionnaire was filled in by 420 respondents (302 females and 118 males) in two cities in South Sudan. The mean age was 22.5 years (SD 8.4) for women and 25.6 years (SD 7.8). Victimisation from intimate partner aggression was measured with the Victim Version of the Direct Indirect Aggression Scales (DIAS-Adult; Österman & Björkqvist, 2009) which includes six scales measuring verbal and nonverbal aggression, direct and indirect aggressive social manipulation, cyber aggression, and economic aggression. The results showed that males had been significantly more victimised from physical and verbal aggression than females. A tendency was also found for males to be more victimised from nonverbal aggression and direct aggressive social manipulation. No sex differences were found regarding victimisation from indirect aggressive social manipulation, cyber aggression, or economic aggression. Males had significantly more often been bit, hit, had their belongings damaged, scratched, spit at, and shoved by their female partner. Males had also been significantly more often subjected to quarrels, to being told nasty or hurtful words, and to being yelled at by their female partner. No sex difference was found for being interrupted when talking, been called bad names, or having been angrily nagged at by their partner. For females, age correlated positively with victimisation, while for males, the correlations were mostly negative. As far as more severe forms of violence are concerned, males have generally been found to be more aggressive against their partner than vice versa; the impact of male aggression has also usually been found to be more severe. The fact that males in domestic settings are also victimised by their spouses, although to less severe forms of aggression, has received much less attention.
Cooperation and Coopetition as a Tools Which Could Improve Leading Startups all over the World
Authors: Ejsmont Aneta 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Building own business is a long-term and laborious process. A person who leads a startup tries to start with building own business by taking first steps toward financial independence. Analyzing conditions in Poland, on average every second startup sells its services abroad, admittedly it is good news, although half of them do not export at all. Half of the startups which export their services and goods generates more than 50% of their revenues outside Poland. Very interesting is the fact that 60% of exporters have conducted their foreign sale since the moment of establishing their business. On which markets do they sell their services? It turns out that the most popular are markets in the European Union (54%), including the United Kingdom 14% and Germany 9%. Only about 25% of Polish startups exports their products and services to the United States. Taking the United States into consideration, in 2008 the USA lost their leading position in the number of startups which are newly created and achieving success in business. Currently in terms of the number of new startups the USA is on a quite distant place after Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Hungary, New Zealand, Israel or Italy. In short, more companies were closed than created, so it was, as a matter of fact, like in Poland. Therefore, the condition to improve the development of startups both from Poland and other countries all the world is to increase cooperation and coopetition.
Thought and Metaphor: Does Philosophy Teaching Clash or Collaborate with Literary Education?
Authors: Baranova Jūratė 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
M. Mahlios, D. Massengill-Show and A. Bary in the article “Making Sense of Teaching through Metaphors: a Review across the Studies” investigated how metaphors influence teachers approach to teaching, curriculum and their work with pupil (Mahlios, Massengill-Show, Barry 2010: 49-71). The aim of this thesis is rather different: to investigate the relation between the thought (concept) an the image described by words (metaphor). The question would be asked: is it possible such a phenomenon as the literary argument, which was formulated by Jacques Derrida in discussion with Habermas. If it is possible, next question; how it is possible? How can the consequences of this clash between metaphor and concept be reflected in the philosophy of education? Can literature as interdisciplinary subject on equal grounds be included into philosophy curriculum? Can philosophy on equal grounds be included into literature curriculum? If not - what is the reason for their separation? If on the contrary on chooses the opposite premise that they can be included - what are the philosophical suppositions for their meeting? This article tries to overview the problem from the historical perspective and to suggest the theoretical approach relying on Jacques Derrida conception.1
Hubungan antara Dimensi Fungsionalitas Keluarga dan Subjective Well-Being (SWB) pada Ibu yang Memiliki Anak Disabilitas Intelektual di SLB – C Bandung
Authors: Shafanisa Arfa Tiara , Azizah Endeh , Victoria Evi Ema 
Published: October 2017

This study was conducted to discover the correlation between family functioning and Subjective Well-Being (SWB) toward mothers who have an intellectual disability child at SLB – C Bandung, total respondent are 52 persons. The tool to measure family functioning is Family Assessment Device (Epstein, Bishop, & Levin 1978), which was translated by Triad English Centre and modified by the researcher. The tool to measure SWB was created by researcher, which was based on theory by Diener (2008). Each total score dimension family functioning being correlated with total score SWB using pearson correlation test on SPSS program for windows. The statistic result shows there are two dimension which have significantly positive correlation with SWB, namely problem solving (r = 0,293), and communication (r = 0,385), whereas roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, and behavior control are not significantly related with SWB (each coefficient r = 0,092, r = 0,180, r = 0,105, and r = 0,082). Conclusion from this study are from six dimension of family functioning, there are two dimension which have a significant positive correlation with SWB, both of them are problem solving and communication. However, four dimension of family functioning are not related with SWB. The researcher suggest a further correlational study on family functioning and SWB with using one SLB - C. Other than that, the researcher suggest to mothers whom have an intellectual disability child at SLB – C Bandung to join a productive activity to increase SWB. Keywords: Family functioning, Subjective Well-Being (SWB)
Gambaran Derajat Grit Pada Mahasiswa Akademi Keperawatan “X” di Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru
Authors: Izaach Roseilla Nora 
Published: October 2017

This study aimed to describe the level of grit in the Nursing Academy student X in the Aru Islands. Grit is the one of the latest theory in the study of Positive Psychology which emphasizes of two important aspects are perseverance of efforts and consistency of interest, that determines the success of individuals in achieving their life goals. The goal of achieving future success through education is the reason this research is conducted. Respondents in this study were students in 2014. The number of respondents are 51 people with entirely female. Measuring instrument used in this study was grit scale consists of 12 items with reliability of 0.85 and a validity coefficient range from 0.44 to 0.82 ( Duckworth, et.al.,2007) . Based on the results of the processing of descriptive data, it was found that the majority of respondents have a low level of grit with percentage of 86.3%. Variable aspect of grit perseverance of efforts, the majority of respondents have a low level of 90.2%, and the consistency aspect of interest, the majority of respondents have a high level of 66.7%. The socioeconomic status of the students is based on the type of work of the parents, not indicating the tendency to be related to the degree of grit. Further research that can be done is to investigate more deeply about the contribution of personality factors, differences in cultural background and demographics that affect grit. Keywords: Grit, socioeconomic status, demographics
Statin initiations and QRISK2 scoring in UK general practice: a THIN database study
Authors: Finnikin Samuel , Ryan Ronan , Marshall Tom 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundStatin prescribing should be based on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but evidence suggests overtreatment of low-risk groups and undertreatment of high-risk groups.AimTo investigate the relationship between CVD risk scoring in primary care and initiation of statins for the primary prevention of CVD, and the effect of changes to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance in 2014.Design and settingHistorical cohort study using UK electronic primary care records.MethodA cohort was created of statin-naïve patients without CVD between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2015. CVD risk scores (calculated using QRISK2 available from 2012) and statin initiations were identified. Rates of CVD risk score recording were calculated and relationships between CVD risk category (low-, intermediate-, and high-risk: <10%, 10–19.9%, and ≥20% 10-year CVD risk) and statin initiation were analysed.ResultsA total of 1.4 million patients were identified from 248 practices. Of these, 151 788 had a recorded CVD risk score since 2012 (10.67%) and 217 860 were initiated on a statin (15.31%). Among patients initiated on a statin after 2012, 27.1% had a documented QRISK2 score: 2.7% of low-risk, 13.8% of intermediate-risk, and 35.0% of high-risk patients were initiated on statins. Statin initiation rates halved from a peak in 2006. After the 2014 NICE guidelines, statin initiation rates declined in high-risk patients but increased in intermediate-risk patients.ConclusionMost patients initiated on statins had no QRISK2 score recorded. Most patients at high risk of CVD were not initiated on statins. One in six statin initiations were to low-risk patients indicating significant overtreatment. Initiations of statins in intermediate-risk patients rose after NICE guidelines were updated in 2014.
Characterization of HCV Resistance from a 3-Day Monotherapy Study of Voxilaprevir, a Novel Pangenotypic NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor
Authors: Lawitz Eric , Yang Jenny C , Stamm Luisa M , Taylor James G , Cheng Guofeng , Brainard Diana M , Miller Michael D , Mo Hongmei , Dvory-Sobol Hadas 
Published: October 2017

Background Voxilaprevir (VOX; GS-9857) is a pangenotypic HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor (PI) with potent antiviral activity against HCV genotypes (GTs) 1–6 and improved coverage of GT1 NS3 resistance-associated substitutions (RAS) associated with other HCV PIs. In a 3-day Phase Ib monotherapy study in patients infected with HCV GT1a, 1b, 2, 3 and 4, VOX was well-tolerated and resulted in maximal mean viral load reduction >3 log10 IU/ml at the 100 mg dose across all genotypes evaluated. This report characterizes the HCV NS3 RAS in the study. Methods The NS3 gene was amplified and successfully deep sequenced using MiSeq for 66 patients at baseline and 61 patients post-baseline using 15% and 1% assay cutoffs. Results With a 15% assay cutoff, pretreatment HCV NS3 RAS were present in the HCV of 38% (9/24) of patients with GT1a and 5% (1/19) with GT3a; there were no pre-treatment NS3 RAS present in patients with GT1b ( n=6), GT2 ( n=7) or GT4 ( n=4). In patients with and without pretreatment NS3 RAS, ≥3.4 log10 mean maximal viral load reductions over 3 days of VOX administration were observed. The majority of patients did not have detectable treatment-emergent NS3 RAS and only 12% (7/53) and 26% (14/53) had emergent NS3 RAS using 15% and 1% cutoffs, respectively. No NS3 RAS were detected in patients with GT2 or GT4. A156T or A156V were the most prevalent emergent NS3 RAS in patients with GT1a or GT1b infection, but were not observed in patients with GT3 infection. Conclusions The lack of selection of NS3 RAS in the majority of patients demonstrates a high resistance barrier for VOX. ClinicalTrails.gov identifier NCT02185794.
The Structural Basis for Complement Inhibition by Gigastasin, a Protease Inhibitor from the Giant Amazon Leech
Authors: Pang Siew Siew , Wijeyewickrema Lakshmi C. , Hor Lilian , Tan Sheareen , Lameignere Emilie , Conway Edward M. , Blom Anna M. , Mohlin Frida C. , Liu Xuyu , Payne Richard J. , Whisstock James C. , Pike Robert N. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Complement is crucial to the immune response, but dysregulation of the system causes inflammatory disease. Complement is activated by three pathways: classical, lectin, and alternative. The classical and lectin pathways are initiated by the C1r/C1s (classical) and MASP-1/MASP-2 (lectin) proteases. Given the role of complement in disease, there is a requirement for inhibitors to control the initiating proteases. In this article, we show that a novel inhibitor, gigastasin, from the giant Amazon leech, potently inhibits C1s and MASP-2, whereas it is also a good inhibitor of MASP-1. Gigastasin is a poor inhibitor of C1r. The inhibitor blocks the active sites of C1s and MASP-2, as well as the anion-binding exosites of the enzymes via sulfotyrosine residues. Complement deposition assays revealed that gigastasin is an effective inhibitor of complement activation in vivo, especially for activation via the lectin pathway. These data suggest that the cumulative effects of inhibiting both MASP-2 and MASP-1 have a greater effect on the lectin pathway than the more potent inhibition of only C1s of the classical pathway.
Thymic-Specific Serine Protease Limits Central Tolerance and Exacerbates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Serre Laurent , Girard Maeva , Ramadan Abdoulraouf , Menut Paul , Rouquié Nelly , Lucca Liliana E. , Mahiddine Karim , Leobon Bertrand , Mars Lennart T. , Guerder Sylvie 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The genetic predisposition to multiple sclerosis (MS) is most strongly conveyed by MHC class II haplotypes, possibly by shaping the autoimmune CD4 T cell repertoire. Whether Ag-processing enzymes contribute to MS susceptibility by editing the peptide repertoire presented by these MHC haplotypes is unclear. Thymus-specific serine protease (TSSP) is expressed by thymic epithelial cells and thymic dendritic cells (DCs) and, in these two stromal compartments, TSSP edits the peptide repertoire presented by class II molecules. We show in this article that TSSP increases experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis severity by limiting central tolerance to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. The effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis severity was MHC class II allele dependent, because the lack of TSSP expression conferred protection in NOD mice but not in C57BL/6 mice. Importantly, although human thymic DCs express TSSP, individuals segregate into two groups having a high or 10-fold lower level of expression. Therefore, the level of TSSP expression by thymic DCs may modify the risk factors for MS conferred by some MHC class II haplotypes.
Palmitate Conditions Macrophages for Enhanced Responses toward Inflammatory Stimuli via JNK Activation
Authors: Riera-Borrull Marta , Cuevas Víctor D. , Alonso Bárbara , Vega Miguel A. , Joven Jorge , Izquierdo Elena , Corbí Ángel L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and elevated levels of circulating saturated fatty acids, which trigger inflammatory responses by engaging pattern recognition receptors in macrophages. Because tissue homeostasis is maintained through an adequate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages, we assessed the transcriptional and functional profile of M-CSF–dependent monocyte-derived human macrophages exposed to concentrations of saturated fatty acids found in obese individuals. We report that palmitate (C16:0, 200 μM) significantly modulates the macrophage gene signature, lowers the expression of transcription factors that positively regulate IL-10 expression (MAFB, AhR), and promotes a proinflammatory state whose acquisition requires JNK activation. Unlike LPS, palmitate exposure does not activate STAT1, and its transcriptional effects can be distinguished from those triggered by LPS, as both agents oppositely regulate the expression of CCL19 and TRIB3. Besides, palmitate conditions macrophages for exacerbated proinflammatory responses (lower IL-10 and CCL2, higher TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) toward pathogenic stimuli, a process also mediated by JNK activation. All of these effects of palmitate are fatty acid specific because oleate (C18:1, 200 μM) does not modify the macrophage transcriptional and functional profiles. Therefore, pathologic palmitate concentrations promote the acquisition of a specific polarization state in human macrophages and condition macrophages for enhanced responses toward inflammatory stimuli, with both effects being dependent on JNK activation. Our results provide further insight into the macrophage contribution to obesity-associated inflammation.