bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teachers as Reflective Learners: Teacher Perception of Professional Development in the Context of Azerbaijan’s Curriculum Reform
Authors: Mikayilova Ulviyya , Kazimzade Elmina 
Published: July 2016

This paper builds off current research trends on teacher professional development in Eurasian countries, including the diversification of teacher training, opportunities for teacher professional networking, and developing collaborative community culture within schools and the broader education community. This study aims to explore teacher beliefs and thoughts on the effectiveness of professional development, specifically in the context of the Education Sector Reform Project (ESRP), implemented in Azerbaijan during 2008–2013. This study analyzes quantitative data from two surveys- the teacher self-assessment and the education reforms assessment. In the prevailing conventional teacher training system, teachers are perceived as beneficiaries of professional development programs. However, over the last decade, policy-makers are beginning to attach greater importance to professional development where teachers are seen as learners that are encouraged to make professional development decisions based on their needs. Including teachers in the design of teacher professional development programs might be suggested as a way to ensure teacher learning activities have a greater impact on the quality of teaching. Such a participatory approach that strengthens teachers’ roles as decision makers in their professional development has the potential to advance the teacher support during education reforms. Education researchers also have an important role as facilitators mediating dialogue between teachers and policy-makers in order to build the effective partnership within the education community.
Estrutura populacional de Macrobrachium amazonicum em dois lagos de várzea da Amazônia
Authors: COSTA Tiago Viana da , MATTOS Luciana Antunes de , MACHADO Noedson de Jesus Beltrão 
Published: July 2016

Macrobrachium amazonicum é uma espécie de camarão amplamente consumida pelas comunidades tradicionais da Bacia Amazônica, sendo capturada de forma artesanal ao longo de todo ano e especialmente no perí­­odo de seca amazônica, quando se concentra no interior dos lagos de várzea. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura populacional deste crustáceo nos lagos do Macurany e do Catispera, ambos situados no municí­­pio de Parintins/Amazonas, a partir dos seguintes aspectos: comprimento total, razão sexual, distribuição temporal, fecundidade e perí­­odo reprodutivo. Espécimes de M. amazonicum foram coletados mensalmente, de setembro de 2009 a abril de 2010, utilizando-se artes de pesca regionais (camaroeiras). Considerando os dois lagos, os tamanhos médios de machos e de fêmeas e a fecundidade total foram significativamente maiores no lago do Catispera. A maior fêmea oví­­gera foi registrada no lago do Catispera (56,2 mm de CT) e a menor, no lago do Macurany (18,3 mm de CT). Indiví­­duos sexualmente indiferenciados foram capturados ao longo de todo o perí­­odo de coletas nos dois lagos. Na população estudada, verificou-se maior proporção de fêmeas, sendo o maior desvio registrado no lago do Macurany (1:2,6). O perí­­odo de enchente-cheia (dezembro-abril) foi identificado como o de ocorrência do pico reprodutivo desta espécie na região. Possivelmente, o momento de maior vazão do rio e transbordamento da água dos lagos favorece a dispersão das larvas.
Avaliação de uma rede-de-arrasto camaroeira estruturalmente modificada
Authors: DOMINGOS Marcelo Manoel , RODRIGUES-FILHO Jorge Luiz , FARIAS Eduardo Guilherme Gentil de 
Published: July 2016

Impactos decorrentes da captura de camarões com redes de arrasto têm gerado discussões ao longo das últimas décadas. Buscando colaborar nos esforços para reduzir os descartes da modalidade, este trabalho propõe restringir a abertura vertical das redes de arrasto, evitando a captura de indiví­­duos que se encontrem na coluna d'água. Adicionalmente, testou-se um dispositivo de redução dirigido í­Â exclusão de juvenis de peixes teleósteos. Ciente das implicações do consumo de combustí­­vel, também se avaliou a resistência de arrasto dos petrechos como indicativo de consumo de combustí­­vel. Para avaliar o proposto foram realizados 18 arrastos entre dezembro de 2014 e fevereiro de 2015, divididos em três campanhas de pesca experimental na enseada da praia da Pinheira (SC), alternando entre as redes modificadas (CT e ST) e a utilizada pelos pescadores locais (RN). A rede RN apresentou as maiores capturas de camarão (CA) e ictiofauna acompanhante (FA). Em contraponto, com as redes modificadas, obtiveram-se as maiores proporções de CA em relação í­Â RN, assim como diminuição de FA entre 50% e 80%. As resistências das redes indicaram que os petrechos modificados proporcionam redução do consumo de combustí­­vel. Os resultados demonstram que as modificações nas redes contribuem para a redução dos descartes, comuns nos arrastos.
Harnessing the Power of Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System to Achieve Improved Permeability Prediction Accuracy in a Hybrid Setting
Authors: Olatunji S. O. , Selamat Ali , Azeez Abdur Raheem 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The unique power of type-2 fuzzy logic system is demonstrated in this work by using it to improve the prediction accuracy of permeability in a hybrid intelligent model system. A hybrid intelligent model through the hybridization of type-2 FLS (T2) and extreme learning machines (ELM) is presented and have been shown to considerably achieved improved performance over the constituent models. It is generally believed that a hybrid scheme performed better than any of its constituent model and this work has fully corroborated this established slogan in the field of machine learning and data mining. ELM, as a learning tool, have gained popularity due to its unique characteristics and performance. However, the generalization capability of ELM and other neural network based solutions often depend, to a large extent on the characteristics of the dataset, particularly on whether uncertainty is present in the dataset or not. This work proposes a hybrid system through the combination of type-2 fuzzy logic systems (type-2 FLS) and ELM, and then use it to predict permeability of carbonate reservoir. Type-2 FLS has been chosen to be a precursor to ELM in order to better handle uncertainties existing in datasets. The dataset first pass through the type-2 FLS for possible uncertainty handling and prediction and then the output from the type-2 FLS is then passed to the ELM for its training and then final prediction is done using the unseen testing dataset. Simulations have been carried out, using the built hybrid model, on different industrial permeability datasets obtained from middle Easter oil fields. Results from empirical studies show that the proposed hybrid system performed better than each of the constituent parts, though the improvement made over that of ELM performance is higher compared to that of type-2 FLS, possibly because type-2 FLS is originally adept at modeling uncertainties. Overall, the proposed scheme achieved improved permeability prediction accuracy thereby setting another unique area to be looked into in the quest to achieving better accurate predictions of other petro physical properties in the oil and gas field.
First Worldwide Successful Implementation of Coiled Tubing Compatible Novel Fiber Laden Diverter for Matrix Stimulation Using New Generation High Rate Fiber Optic Real Time Telemetry System
Authors: Malik Ataur R. , Yaseen Ali H. , Ogundare Tolulope M , Asiri Mohammed A. , Younis Abdulmohsin A. , Ahmed Danish , Omar Yosr 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to highlight first worldwide implementation of coiled tubing (CT) compatible self-degradable fiber laden diverter for matrix stimulation treatment using enhanced high rate fiber optic real time telemetry system.
The self-degradable fiber laden diverter has been used in bullheading acid stimulation treatments aimed to maximize reservoir contact and enhance gas production. Recently, the physical properties of fiber has been re-engineered enabling them to be pumped down coiled tubing to enhance diversion and stimulation effectiveness. Coiled tubing with fiber optic real-time telemetry has been utilized for many years in Saudi Arabia for matrix stimulation treatments and well interventions as it provides real-time bottom-hole parameters such as pressure, temperature, casing collar locator, gamma ray, tension and compression as well as distributed temperature sensing (DTS) to optimize fluids placement. The successes achieved with previously used 2 1/8-in. bottom hole assembly (BHA) for coiled tubing with real time telemetry system offered the maximum rate of 2.0 barrel per minute (bpm), whereas this rate became a limitation to achieve the desired fiber concentration for diversion when fiber laden fluids were used. The low rate provision by 2 1/8-in. BHA led to the need of a new generation high rate 3.25-in. BHA to be used for coiled tubing fiber optic real-time telemetry system that can enable higher fiber concentration at higher pumping rates.
For the first time in Saudi Arabian Carbonate reservoir, the novel fiber laden diverter was used during matrix stimulation treatment through 180 ft. perforated interval with new generation 3.25-in. BHA for coiled tubing fiber optic real-time telemetry system. The DTS used with the new generation coiled tubing high rate fiber optic real-time telemetry system helped in preand post-treatment evaluation. After successful high pressure coiled tubing stimulation using self-degradable fiber laden diverter with visco-elastic surfactant based acid system, the well performance exceeded expectation. The encouraging result was achieved by uniform stimulation coverage throughout the long perforation intervals. The operation also proved the feasibility of using the new generation fiber optic real-time telemetry system in challenging environment.
New Method to Estimate IPR for Fishbone Oil Multilateral Wells in Solution Gas Drive Reservoirs
Authors: Abdulazeem A. , Alnuaim S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Multilateral wells were used in the petroleum industry to increase hydrocarbon recovery from oil and gas fields as a cost effective technology. The objective of this study is to develop new empirical inflow performance relationship (IPR) model to estimate the productivity of fishbone multilateral wells producing from homogeneous oil saturated reservoirs.
A simulation model was built including a fishbone well producing from two-phase reservoir with a typical fluids and rock properties. Sensitivity analysis was done to study the effect of initial water saturation, porosity, permeability, oil gravity and bubble point pressure on the productivity of the fishbone well. Moreover, the influence of the well dimensions such as the number and length of the branched holes and distance between them were evaluated by running many scenarios. Then dimensionless IPR curves were generated by plotting bottom-hole flowing pressure versus oil production rate.
The results of the normalized IPR curves showed that the most significant factor influenced the fishbone well productivity is the number of rib holes. New empirical IPR correlation in Vogel's form for fishbone multilateral wells in solution gas drive reservoirs includes the number of rib holes as a variable was developed. The New IPR-fish bone model showed good results compared to generalize Vogel's model.
The obtained IPR model from this work will significantly improve the productivity estimation of complex fishbone multilateral wells producing from solution gas drive reservoirs.
Development and Field Test of ESP Reliable Power Delivery System
Authors: Xiao J. J. , Shepler Randall , Windiarto Yhossie , Parkinson Stuart , Fox Rob 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In high H2S and high pressure/temperature fields, the average run life of ESPs is still limited to 3 years. Dismantle Inspection Failure Analysis (DIFA) results show that around 50% of ESP failures are directly or indirectly related to electrical delivery problems concentrated in about 200 ft between the packer and the motor. This paper presents a collaborative R&D effort to develop and trial test a Reliable Power Delivery System (RPDS) with the goal of extending the average ESP run life from the current 3 years to 10 years.
The development focuses on improving reliabilities of key power delivery components including packer penetrator, Motor-Lead-Extension (MLE) cable, and cable connection with the motor. The design integrates learnings from advanced completion and subsea technology, and includes new concepts, features and materials. Field pressure-testable connections are implemented to ensure proper field connections makeup. Factory testing incorporated a robust Highly Accelerated Life Test (HALT) methodology to simulate a ten-year service life.
Prototype components were designed, fabricated and tested. These components were integrated and subjected to a rigorous system integration test. After the comprehensive factory tests, a field prototype system was built and installed in an offshore well. The system has been operated and exceeds the trial test successful criteria of minimum 180 days run-life.
For years, engineers and companies have battled with ESP reliability, with electrical problems at the center of many failure causes. This paper shows the development and field trial of a new generation ESP power delivery technology with the potential of extended run life.
Case Study of Intelligent Completion with New Generation Electro-Hydraulic Downhole Control System
Authors: Jacob Suresh , Abdulbaqi Nibras , Verma Chandresh , Younes Rabih 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Extended reach wells with thousands of feet of open hole reservoir contact and multilateral wells with 8-10 laterals are becoming common practice as the industry develops tight and difficult reservoirs. Over the years, drilling and well construction technologies have made significant advances in the field of geosteering, multilateral junctions, etc. to make these complicated wells a reality and commonplace. The industry has recently introduced several new well completion technologies for the downhole monitoring and control inflow of these extended reach and multilateral wells. Over the last 10 years Saudi Aramco has drilled and completed hundreds of multilateral wells with intelligent completions for real-time downhole monitoring and remote valve operation to control inflow from each laterals. These technologies have improved well performance and reduced well intervention.
The paper presents the case study for the design, planning, installation, and operation of Saudi Aramco's first intelligent completion that is operated with combined electro-hydraulic control system. New technologies like these are expected to improve the operation and inflow from the new generation multi-compartment wells. Conventional intelligent completion systems uses downhole valves that are operated by hydraulic pressure and the pressure is supplied from surface through dedicated hydraulic lines to each of the downhole valves. The wellhead and operations equipment has a maximum limit of eight downhole lines and this limits the number of downhole valves in a completion to five. The system in this case study uses a electro hydraulic control module at each of the downhole valves and can control of up to 12 intelligent completion tools with the use of only two hydraulic lines and one electrical line from surface. Technologies like these allow inflow control from each of the laterals and enhance the performance of the completion.
Sensitivity of Crude Oil T2 Distribution: Lessons Learned
Authors: Valori Andrea , Ali Farhan , Mohammed Al-Haji Abdulhadi , Abdallah Wael , Badri Mohammed 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is sensitive to fluid properties such as viscosity and also to surface properties interactions as wettability. The challenge while interpreting NMR data is typically separating multiple effects on the overall signal. We investigated the sensitivity of the bulk oil T2 distribution with different fluid sample storage conditions in terms of temperature and seal imperfection.
Aim of the study was to prove the importance of extremely careful sample handling during laboratory studies, especially if the intention is to interpret NMR data in terms of wettability alterations. For example, T2 distributions can be used to extract information on the wettability of the rock surface. A wetting fluid experiences faster relaxation (and therefore shorter T2) compared with the non-wetting situation. However, the same effect can be originated by an increase in fluid viscosity. Generally, to interpret a T2 shift, either viscosity or wettability must be considered constant to address the T2 shift to the other cause.
The results of this study and lessons learned are as follows: Even small evaporation of crude light components causes the NMR signal to shift considerably toward shorter T2 values. This effect, if wrongly assigned to surface interactions, leads to the wrong wettability considerations.Food-grade cling film is permeable to oil vapour and should not be considered a good seal for crude oil storage while aging.There was evidence of water volume reduction, even when the water was topped with crude oil.
Crude oils are complex fluids with thousands of components which include different surface-active species (e.g., polar species). Therefore, minute changes in the conditioning or handling of such fluids may cause considerable changes in rheological properties and therefore NMR properties.
Dynamic Validation of AMAL Phase Behavior for EOR Applications Using CO2 as Solvent Injection
Authors: Khazam M. M. , Abufarwa A. I. , Bizan A. E. , Elneca'a M. M. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Injection of CO2 into a reservoir for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) results in complex fluid phase behaviour that they require accurate reservoir fluid characterizations by equations of state (EOS) to capture the phase interactions in miscible CO2 floods.
AMAL is a giant Libyan field classified as low shrinkage type of oil and characterized by relatively law solution gas-oil ratio (GOR) of ~ 400 scf/stb and oil gravity of 35° API. The field was producing since 1960's under active bottom water drive that maintained the current reservoir pressure at levels higher than the bubble point pressure.
The main objective of this paper is to establish an EOS model able to characterize AMAL phase behaviour accurately in immiscible and miscible conditions. A model that statically validated against the conventional PVT data and dynamically validated to match the slim-tube experiments.
Three parameters Peng-Robinson (PR) and Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equations of state are used to model the Amal phase behaviour. In addition, 1-D slim-tube model is built using commercial compositional simulator to simulate four slim tube experiments.
The main outcome revealed that the match of only the conventional PVT data will not reflect the proper phase behaviour model when it was used to simulate the slim tube experiments. Therefore, further efforts are giving to EOS tuning to match both the conventional and special tests. Also, the lumped compositional model was not so perfect to simulate the hump phenomenon in slim tube experiments like extended model did. Perfect match of all slim tube experiments from immiscible to miscible conditions at pressures of 2000, 3000, 3600 and 4000 psia were achieved indicating the validity and reliability of the realized phase behaviour model. The multiple contact MMP pressure of AMAL field, using CO2 as injection solvent, is around 3140 psia based on measured and predicted results.
The adverse flow effects, such as numerical dispersion and flow effects, are eliminated by the proper selection of the number of grid blocks in the 1-D compositional model and by imposing the concept of interfacial tension (IFT) forces where the base relative perm curves will approach to straight lines as the IFT approaches to zero. The base relative perm curves are back calculated from the immiscible slim tube experiment at 2000 psia (IFT 5.0 dyne/cm2) using graphical techniques (Bardon-Longeron and JonesRoszelle models).[1] [2]
Optimal Parameter Selection in a Polymer Alternating Gas PAG Process
Authors: Jamal Md Sarim , Al-Nuaim Sami , Awotunde Abeeb A. , Khan Rizwan Ahmed 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
As the majority of conventional reservoirs are reaching maturity, the attention is gradually shifting towards unconventional and heavy oil reservoirs. Steam flooding, Miscible/Immiscible CO2 flooding, Polymer flooding and Water Alternating Gas (WAG) are the most common EOR techniques currently being employed in the industry. However, it has been recently proved that Polymer alternating gas (PAG) is a better alternative to the other EOR processes as it provides improved sweep efficiency (Zhang et. al. 2010, Li and Schecter, 2014, Kong et. al., 2015). A PAG process alternately inject miscible CO2 and water mixed with polymer. Different parameters directly affect the performance of this method. Thus, it is important that these parameters are carefully selected to increase the recovery along with the profitability. In this paper, an attempt has been made to optimize a PAG process for five production and five injection wells using two different global optimization algorithms.
One injection cycle of a PAG process constitutes of two stages – (i) Injection of miscible CO2 (ii) Injection of polymer. CO2 dissolves in oil, swelling it and decreasing the viscosity thereby increasing the mobility of oil. The injection of polymer increases the sweep efficiency and reduces viscous fingering. In this paper the operational parameters that have been selected for optimization are well locations, number of injection cycles required, production BHP, CO2 injection rate, CO2 injection time, polymer injection rate and polymer injection time and the concentration of the polymer that needs to be injected. The algorithms used are the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). A synthetic reservoir model was used to study the performance of the method. The Net Present Value (NPV) was used as the objective function to gauge the suitability of the solution and hence optimize the different parameters to obtain the highest NPV. Both used optimization algorithms yielded NPV that were well within the acceptable range. Additionally, sensitivity studies were conducted which showed that PAG gave a higher recovery efficiency when compared to the other EOR processes.
Although some case studies have been performed to show the performance of the PAG process, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have been conducted on the use of global optimization algorithms for the estimation of the operational parameters of the PAG process.