bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural, electrical and sensing properties of ZnFe2O4 nanoceramics synthesized by solid-state reaction method
Authors: Ahmad Enass , Yousef Rasha , Alzoubi Abla , Saad Al-Din Nasser 
Published: October 2024

ظهرت المواد النانوية القائمة على فريت المعادن كمواد واعدة في تصنيع الحساسات الغازية بسبب مساحتها السطحية العالية التي توفر عدداً كبيراً من مواقع الادمصاص لجزيئات الغاز. في هذا البحث، تم تحضير حساس غازي نانوي قائم على فرايت الزنك باستخدام طريقة تفاعل الحالة الصلبة بهدف تحقيق حساسية عالية وزمن استجابة سريع. تم تلدين مساحيق فرايت الزنك المحضر عند درجات حرارة مختلفة ضمن المجال الحراري (500-700)°Cلمدة ست ساعات وتبين أن درجة الاصطناع المثلى للمركب 675°C. تم دراسة الخصائص البنيوية للمركب المحضر باستخدام تقنية انعراج الأشعة السينية. أظهرت النتائج أن المركب يتبلور وفق بنية بلورية مكعبية وينتمي للمجموعة الفراغية Fd3m. كانت قيمة ثابت الشبكة البلورية لفرايت الزنك a = 8.3856 Å . تم حساب الكثافة النظرية للمركب ZnFe2O4. تم حساب حجم الحبيبات للمركب ZnFe2O4 باستخدام صيغة شرر. كان متوسط حجم الحبيبات 29.5nm. تم دراسة تغيرات المقاومة الكهربائية لمركب فرايت الزنك ZnFe2O4 كتابع لدرجة الحرارة. تناقصت قيم المقاومة الكهربائية مع زيادة درجة الحرارة مما يشير إلى سلوك نصف ناقل للعينة المحضرة. درست الخصائص التحسسية للحساس القائم على ZnFe2O4. أظهرت النتائج التحسسية أن الحساس القائم على فرايت الزنك هو حساس جيد لبخار الإيثانول بزمن استجابة واسترجاع 10.115s و81.351s على الترتيب عند درجة حرار تشغيل 275 °C من أجل تركيز قدره 100 ppm. وجد أن زمن الاستجابة والاسترجاع لبخار الأسيتون 10.978s و 102.543sعند درجة حرارة تشغيل 300°C من أجل تركيز 100 ppm من بخار الأسيتون.. بينت النتائج أن الحساس الغازي القائم على الجسيمات النانوية من فرايت الزنك حساسية عالية وزمن استجابة سريع لبخار الإيثانول عند درجة حرارة تشغيل منخفضة نسبيا وهي275°C . تقترح هذه النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها إلى العمل المستقبلي على البنية النانوية لفرايت الزنك لاستخدامه في تطبيقات الحساسات الغازية الكامنة.
Deep Learning (CNN) for Detecting Road Infrastructure in Old Mosul City Using High-Resolution Aerial Imagery
Authors: Abdulrahman Mustafa Ismat , Shareef Muntadher Aidi , Al-Attar Alyaa Abbas 
Published: October 2024

يعد رسم خرائط دقيقة للبنية التحتية للطرق من الصور الجوية أمرًا بالغ الأهمية لمختلف التطبيقات ولكنه يطرح تحديات عديدة بسبب تعقيد أنماط الطرق في الواقع الحقيقي. يبحث هذا البحث في تقنيات التعلم العميق لاستخراج الطرق بشكل الي من البيانات العامة. يتم تقييم العديد من بنى الشبكات العصبية التلافيفية (CNN) بما في ذلك الشبكة الطيفية المكانية الهجينة (HybridSN) التي تجمع بين للصور البصرية وبيانات الليدار. يتم تقييم النماذج على مجموعة بيانات من الصور الجوية الحضرية باستخدام علامات حقيقة أرضية مشتقة من تقنية الليدار. ويحقق HybridSN الذي يدمج كلاً من المعالجة الطيفية والمكانية أعلى أداء بدقة إجمالية تبلغ 96.9% و80.6% من التقاطع بعد المعالجة اللاحقة. تتيح النمذجة المشتركة للإشارات متعددة الوسائط إمكانية تحديد أجزاء الطريق وتحديدها بدقة عالية. وبالمقارنة، فإن شبكات CNN التي تستفيد من السياق المكاني وحده تؤدي أداءً أسوأ مع أفضل دقة إجمالية تبلغ 95.4% بعد المعالجة اللاحقة. تظهر جميع النماذج أوجه قصور في استخراج شبكات الطرق المتماسكة . وهذا يدل على أهمية دمج البيانات الطيفية والمكانية ضمن أطر التعلم العميق لاستخراج الطرق. تسلط النتائج الضوء على الفرص المتاحة لتطوير أحدث الخرائط من خلال أجهزة الاستشعار الهجينة وتصميم بنى عصبية ذات وعي طوبولوجي أقوى. يقوم بالتحليل الآلي للبيانات الجوية متعددة الوسائط مع التعلم العميق والحفاظ على كفاءة قوائم جرد حديثة للبنية التحتية الحيوية للنقل على نطاق المدن.
Synthesis, Characterization and Studying Thermal Analysis for Complexes of Some Metal Ions and Determining Their Activity as Antioxidants
Authors: Khider Hussain Al-Daffay Rasha , Ali Salih Al-Hamdani Abbas , Abduljabbar Emran Elluhaibi Emran 
Published: October 2024

وفقأ للدراسات السابقة تم تحضير ليكاند آزو جديد (ن-(3-اسيتايل-2-هيدروكسي-5-مثيل-فنيل)ن-(4-كاربوكسي-سايكلوهكسيل مثيل)-ملح الدايازونيوم) وبعد التحقق من الصيغة المقترحة وفق نتائج التحاليل وبعد استخدام الليكاند لتحضير سلسلة ن المعقدات باستخدام نسب مولية متساوية (1:1) من الليكاند وتفاعلها مع كل من املاح المنغنيز والكوبلت والنيكل والنحاس والخارصين وبعد التحقق وفق تقنيات التحاليل الطيفية والتشخيصية(الاشعة فوق البنفسية والاشعة تحت الحمراء) التي اعطت اشكال رباعية السطوح لكل المعقدات بصيغة متعادلة والليكاند ثلاثي السن من نوع (نيتروجين- اوكسجين- اوكسجين) ثم دراسة التحلل الحراري لبعض المركبات المحضرة بتقنية التحليل الوزني الحراري و المسعر التفاضلي مطيافية الكتلة . استخدم الصبغة المعقدات المحضرة منها لتحدد قابليتها على كبح الجذور الحرة من خلال قياس قابليتها كمضادات اكسدة باستخدام مادة DPPHكجذر حر وحامض الاسكوربك كمادة قياسية وتحديد قيمة IC50 حيث وجد ان الليكاند يمتلك قابلية عالية على كبح الجذور الحرة والمعقدات تفاوتت قابليتها على الكبح حسب قيمة IC50وكانت النتائج كما يلي
Dual anaerobic reactor model to study biofilm and microbiologically influenced corrosion interactions on UNS G10180 carbon steel
Authors: Jones Liam Matthew , Salta Maria , Skovhus Torben Lund , Thomas Kathryn , Illson Timothy , Wharton Julian , Webb Jeremy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Continual challenges due to microbial corrosion are faced by the maritime, offshore renewable and energy sectors. Understanding the biofilm and microbiologically influenced corrosion interaction is hindered by the lack of robust and reproducible physical models that reflect operating environments. A novel dual anaerobic biofilm reactor, using a complex microbial consortium sampled from a marine littoral sediment, allowed electrochemical performance of UNS G10180 carbon steel to be studied simultaneously in anaerobic abiotic and biotic artificial seawater. Critically, DNA extraction and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing demonstrated the principal biofilm activity was due to respiratory electrogens, specifically sulphate reducing and iron reducing bacteria.
Effects of Virtual Care on Patient and Provider Experience of the Clinical Encounter: Qualitative Hermeneutic Study
Authors: McCaffrey Graham , Wilson Erin , Zimmer Lela V , Singh Anurag , Jonatansdottir Steinunn , Zimmer Peter , Snadden David , Graham Ian D , MacLeod Martha 
Published: October 2024

Background
Virtual health care has transformed health care delivery, with its use dramatically increasing since the COVID-19 pandemic. While it has been quickly adopted for its convenience and efficiency, there has been a relative lack of in-depth exploration of its human impact, specifically how both patients and providers experience clinical encounters.

Objective
This analysis aims to identify and explore themes of change in how patients and providers in a geographically dispersed renal service described their experiences with virtual care, including those changes that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Hermeneutics is an interpretive research methodology that treats human experience as inherently interpretive, generating meaning through interactions with others in specific, historically conditioned, social contexts. A total of 17 patients and 10 providers from various disciplines were interviewed by phone as part of a study on health care implementation in the context of a kidney care service in northern British Columbia, Canada. The interview data were analyzed using a hermeneutic approach, which emphasizes careful attention to reported experiences in relation to the relationships and contexts of care.

Results
During analysis, the interdisciplinary team identified themes related to changes in the clinical encounter and how virtual care influenced perceptions of care among both providers and patients. We organized these themes into 2 categories: the structure and content of the encounter. The structure category included the convenience for patients, who no longer had to travel long distances for appointments, as well as changes in care networks. For example, communication between specialist services and local primary care providers became more crucial for ensuring continuity of care. The content category included issues related to trust-building and assessment. Providers expressed concerns about the difficulty in assessing and understanding their patients’ physical and social well-being beyond laboratory results.

Conclusions
Patients in the study appreciated the convenience of not needing to travel for appointments, while still having the option for in-person contact with local providers or specialists if their condition changed. Providers were more concerned about the loss of visual cues and sensory data for assessments, as well as the reduced opportunity to build relationships through conversation with patients. Providers also described changes in the locus of control and boundaries, as patients could join phone encounters from anywhere, bypassing traditional privacy and confidentiality boundaries. The study offers a nuanced view of the effects of virtual care on clinical encounters in one setting, seen through the experiences of both patients and providers.
Exploring the Potential of Claude 3 Opus in Renal Pathological Diagnosis: Performance Evaluation
Authors: Li Xingyuan , Liu Ke , Lang Yanlin , Chai Zhonglin , Liu Fang 
Published: October 2024

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown great promise in assisting medical diagnosis, but its application in renal pathology remains limited.

Objective
We evaluated the performance of an advanced AI language model, Claude 3 Opus (Anthropic), in generating diagnostic descriptions for renal pathological images.

Methods
We carefully curated a dataset of 100 representative renal pathological images from the Diagnostic Atlas of Renal Pathology (3rd edition). The image selection aimed to cover a wide spectrum of common renal diseases, ensuring a balanced and comprehensive dataset. Claude 3 Opus generated diagnostic descriptions for each image, which were scored by 2 pathologists on clinical relevance, accuracy, fluency, completeness, and overall value.

Results
Claude 3 Opus achieved a high mean score in language fluency (3.86) but lower scores in clinical relevance (1.75), accuracy (1.55), completeness (2.01), and overall value (1.75). Performance varied across disease types. Interrater agreement was substantial for relevance (κ=0.627) and overall value (κ=0.589) and moderate for accuracy (κ=0.485) and completeness (κ=0.458).

Conclusions
Claude 3 Opus shows potential in generating fluent renal pathology descriptions but needs improvement in accuracy and clinical value. The AI’s performance varied across disease types. Addressing the limitations of single-source data and incorporating comparative analyses with other AI approaches are essential steps for future research. Further optimization and validation are needed for clinical applications.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) dan Pupuk Hayati Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Terung Ungu (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Arief Arsarizky , Pribadi Didik Utomo , Hidayat Ramdan 
Published: October 2024

Latar Belakang: Tanaman terung ungu adalah salah satu komoditas sayuran yang disukai banyak orang karena rasa yang lezat dan gizi yang baik bagi kesehatan. Permintaan terung ungu setiap tahun meningkat signifikan namun tidak diimbangi dengan peningkatan produksi karena budidaya yang kurang baik, salah satunya adalah pemupukan yang kurang optimal. Peningkatan produksi dapat dicapai melalui beberapa upaya salah satunya pemupukan menggunakan bahan organik. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menentukan kombinasi dan konsentrasi masing-masing perlakuan yang optimal untuk aplikasi pupuk organik cair (POC) dan pupuk hayati yang memberikan pengaruh terbaik bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman terung ungu. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu konsentrasi POC (N) yang terbagi dalam 3 taraf yang terdiri dari konsenrasi 0 ml/l (N0), 4 ml/l (N1), dan 8 ml/l (N2). Faktor kedua yaitu konsentrasi pupuk hayati (P) yang terbagi dalam 4 taraf yang terdiri dari konsentrasi 0 ml/l (P0), 10 ml/l (P1), 20 ml/l (P2), dan 30 ml/l (P3). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan konsentrasi 8 ml/l POC dan 30 ml/l pupuk hayati meningkatkan jumlah daun, jumlah bunga, jumlah buah dan bobot segar buah total per tanaman. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan konsentrasi 8 ml/l POC dan 30 ml/l pupuk hayati memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap tanaman terung ungu.
Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Melalui Pengelolaan Keuangan Keluarga Berbasis Syariah
Authors: Hutasuhut Julianto , Syamsuri Abd. Rasyid , Lubis Tukimin , Muda Indra 
Published: October 2024

Pendahuluan: Mengembangkan sistem pengelolaan keuangan berbasis syariah merupakan salah satu cara agar kehidupan berkeluarga dapat menjadi landasan bagi pengembangan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Pengelolaan keuangan keluarga adalah prosedur menyeluruh yang menguraikan bagaimana sebuah keluarga dapat mengatur keuangannya, membagi pendapatannya, dan menilai seberapa baik mereka menggunakannya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari dengan cara yang terorganisir. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menyeimbangkan pendapatan keluarga berbasis syariah di kalangan masyarakat Kelurahan Harjo Sari II Kecamatan Medan Amplas, Kota Medan. Metode: Pemaparan materi, tanya jawab, dan studi kasus. Hasil: Dalam menyeimbangkan pendapatan keluarga berbasis syariah, pendapatan perbulan idealnya harus dapat dialokasikan dengan persentase yaitu: Pertama, 50% dialokasikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari. Kedua, 25% untuk administrasi rumah tangga. Ketiga, 10% dialokasikan untuk membayar iuran jaminan kesehatan dan sejenisnya. Ke-empat 10% dialokasikan untuk ditabung. Kelima, 5% dari penghasilan dialokasikan untuk zakat, infaq dan sedekah. Kesimpulan: Dengan kegiatan pengabdian ini pengetahuan mitra tentang pengelolaan keuangan kerluarga berbasis syariah lebih meningkat. Mitra juga lebih termotivasi untuk mengimplementasikannya. Setelah selesai tahap evaluasi, diharapkan mitra semakin bijaksana dan mampu untuk menyeimbangkan pendapatan keluarga dengan pengeluaran biaya hidup sehari-hari.
Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Daun Anggur Sebagai Diversifikasi Ekonomi Pedesaan Berdaya Saing untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan
Authors: Noor Trisna Insan , Sulistyowati Lies , Syakirotin Muthiah , Wicaksono Samuel Lantip 
Published: October 2024

Pendahuluan: Anggur merupakan salah satu komoditas yang dikembangkan oleh Kelompok Tani Taruna Mekar Bayu, Desa Ciganjeng yang menjadi salah satu potensi usaha karena memiliki manfaat kesehatan dan tidak banyak kelompok tani yang melakukan budidaya daun anggur Metode: Metode untuk pelatihan menggunakan problem-based learning dan pendampingan service learning dengan teknik observasi dan wawancara, sedangkan untuk menghitung nilai tambah menggunakan metode hayami. Hasil: Hasil dari pengabdian ini yakni 1) terdapatnya peningkatan pengetahuan peserta mengenai pengetahuan dasar, manfaat produk, dan proses pengolahan produk, 2) didapati nilai tambah sebesar Rp70.700 pada produk keripik daun anggur, keuntungan yang akan diperoleh kelompok tani sebesar 43,42% dari produk keripik daun anggur. Kesimpulan: Kelompok Tani Taruna Mekar Bayu berhasil dan memberdayakan rumah tangga petani dalam aspek daya beli melalui peningkatan pendapatan.
Skrining Kesehatan dan Edukasi Nutrisi Berkelompok di Desa Nelayan Jaring Halus Kabupaten Langkat Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Non-Communicable Disease
Authors: Febriyanti Eka , Saragih Syaiful Amri , Hadipramana Josef , Siregar Muhammad Said 
Published: October 2024

Background: Non-Communicable Disease masih menjadi masalah utama pada masyarakat Indonesia dimana penatalaksanaannya membutuhkan biaya yang besar serta akses pelayanan kesehatan yang berkesinambungan. Desa Jaring Halus merupakan desa yang terpencil di daerah Langkat, Sumatera Utara, dimana akses pelayanan kesehatan ini terbatas dan begitu juga dengan informasi kesehatan. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pendeteksian Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) yang mungkin terjadi di daerah terpencil ini sehingga dapat dilakukan tindakan kewaspadaan maupun penatalaksanaan yang tepat. Metode: Kegiatan ini dilakukan kepada masyarakat Desa Jaring Halus dengan jumlah peserta 38 orang. Dalam kegiatan ini dilakukan pemeriksaan beberapa indikator seperti gula darah sewaktu, kolesterol dan hemoglobin menggunakan alat glucocheck, kemudian dilakukan penyuluhan berkelompok terkait masalah kesehatan yang ditemukan terutama dari segi nutrisi. Hasil: Dari pemeriksaan kesehatan ditemukan hampir sebagian masyarakat yang diperiksa mengalami NCD dan belum mendapatkan pengobatan yang rutin terkait akses pelayanan kesehatan yang terbatas. Edukasi berkelompok menjelaskan mengenai nutrisi yang tepat mencegah atau menatalaksana NCD. Kesimpulan: Kegiatan pengabdian ini berjalan dengan lancar dengan penemuan NCD yang utama adalah hiperglikemia atau diabetes mellitus pada masyarakat Desa Jaring Halus.
Cykla i korridoren – elever i årskurs 9 om normer och skolklimat
Authors: Bergman Rimbe Karin , Sylvia Olsson  , Gunnel Östlund  
Published: October 2024

This study aims to explore how ninth-grade students perceive their school climate and whether they have encountered critical places and situations at school related to gender equality. Participants engaged in interviews focused on their experiences and perceptions of equality within their educational context. The analysis was conducted using Hirdman’s (1988) two-gender model to specifically examine the dichotomies within the school environment as experienced by students. The findings reveal that students of both genders perceive significant inequalities, identifying distinct gender norms and standards for girls and maybe even more rigid situations for boys. Gender-specific norms reported are traditional: boys are driven by masculinity norms and are accordingly characterized as unruly, while girls act as more well-behaved students which most of them are. The results corroborate previous research, indicating that gender inequalities persist and are reinforced by traditional educational practices where gender-specific norms are deeply embedded. This study underscores the ongoing challenges in improving gender equality in educational settings.
Global Problems and/or Local Solutions: Teaching and Learning Physical Education in the Wake of OECD Education 2030
Authors: Borgen Jorunn Spord , Hallås Bjørg Oddrun 
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates physical education through a reading of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s 2019 report Making Physical Education Dynamic and Inclusive for 2030. Adopting a qualitative policy analysis approach, we identify and discuss the problems outlined in the report, and its proposed solutions for the future of physical education. Physical education appears in the pages of this document as a container for societal problems related to global physical activity, health, and academic performance. We aim to provide a critique of the OECD report, and suggest topics that require further discussion, such as the dependence of quality teaching and learning on local solutions. We also place more emphasis on local sustainable knowledge in physical education.
DO BROWNFIELDS PARA O BROWN ROOF: UMA ANÁLISE PRELIMINAR COMO ALTERNATIVA AO TELHADO VERDE
Authors: Abreu Charles Roberto Santos de , Menezes Arionaldo Rodrigues 
Published: October 2024

A construção civil desempenha um papel crucial na transformação de ambientes naturais em urbanos, o que resulta em significativos impactos ambientais, como a impermeabilização do solo, aumento de inundações, elevação das temperaturas locais por meio de ilhas de calor, poluição do ar e visual. Diante dessa realidade, o setor busca continuamente alternativas sustentáveis, incorporando tecnologias de baixo impacto ambiental e materiais inovadores. Entre essas soluções, os telhados verdes têm ganhado destaque, sendo amplamente adotados nos últimos anos. Uma alternativa emergente e promissora é o telhado marrom ou brown roof. Similar ao telhado verde, o marrom é projetado para recriar habitats naturais, promovendo a biodiversidade em áreas urbanas. Ele é inspirado nos "brownfields", terrenos degradados ou inutilizados, com pouco valor ecológico. A Universidade de Birmingham foi pioneira no desenvolvimento desses telhados, monitorando desde 2007 seu impacto positivo sobre a biodiversidade local. Ao contrário dos telhados verdes convencionais, os telhados marrons são projetados para enfrentar condições adversas, como a presença de finas camadas de substrato, imitando habitats desafiadores. Isso faz deles uma opção viável para aumentar a biodiversidade em locais onde outros tipos de cobertura verde podem não ser eficazes. Este artigo propõe a criação de um modelo de telhado marrom adaptado para cidades litorâneas, oferecendo uma solução de baixo custo e eficiente para problemas ambientais típicos da urbanização, como a perda de biodiversidade e o aumento das temperaturas urbanas.
Performance of Holstein dairy cows fed a diet supplemented with rosemary and ginger essential oils: milk production, milk fatty acid, and ruminal fermentation
Authors: Elazab M.A. , Zahran S.M. , Elkomy A.E. , Ahmed M.H. , Kholif A.E. , Vargas-Bello-Pérez E. , Sallam S.M.A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The study determined the impact of Rosmarinus officinalis and/or Zingiberene officinalis essential oil (EO) on milk yield, composition, milk fatty acids profile, blood biochemicals, and rumen fermentation in dairy cows. Twenty-eight Holstein lactating cows were distributed into four groups using a completely randomized block design in a 70-d experiment. The control diet consisted of 13 kg of concentrate and 40 kg of fresh berseem clover per head per day, without supplementation. In the other treatments, the control diet was supplemented with 10 mL of EO per head per day, using either ginger EO (GEO treatment), rosemary (REO treatment) EO or a blend of both at a 1:1 v/v ratio (BEO treatment). Supplementation did not affect intake, milk production, or composition. Omega-n3 and omega-n5 were increased with REO (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Both REO and BEO decreased (p = 0.003) serum globulin and increased (p < 0.005) albumin to globulin ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total lipid. Serum total antioxidant capacity was increased (p ˂ 0.001) with the supplementation, without affecting glucose, total protein, albumin, serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and urea concentrations. In conclusion, supplementing Holstein dairy cows with GEO and/ or REO increased the level of omega-3 and omega-5 fatty acids while reduced saturated fatty acids in milk, without affecting feed intake, milk production or milk composition.
Impact of pH Preparation on the Physical Nature and Metal Phase of Zeolite-Supported Metal Catalyst
Authors: Nugrahaningtyas Khoirina Dwi , Budiman Anatta Wahyu , Sabiila Gusti Aji Indo , Heraldy Eddy , Hidayat Yuniawan 
Published: October 2024

The synthesis of CoMo/USY catalysts has been widely carried out. However, the bond strength between metal and USY is still a problem. Therefore, this research has synthesised the catalyst with the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA). Apart from that, the effect of pH on the characteristics of the catalyst is also reviewed. This research aims to analyse the effect of preparation pH on catalyst characteristics. In the preparation process, the pH of the solution is set at values of 2, 7, and 8. Catalyst activation includes a calcination process and reduction. The catalyst characterisation uses XRD, GSA, and FTIR instruments to determine phase composition, specific surface area, and functional groups. The result showed that pH preparation significantly influenced the metal loading on the catalyst and reached a maximum at pH 8. The surface area is not directly related to the pH of the preparation but has the opposite property depending on the amount of metal added. Meanwhile, it was found that the CoO and MoO3 phases were achieved on the catalyst by all pH preparations. On the other hand, the CoMo alloys are present on the catalyst at pH 7 and 8, while the Co and Mo elements are visible at pH 2. The difference in pH during the synthesis process impacts the shift in the absorption wave number of the OH vibration.