bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome-driven Health-status Transversal-predictor Analysis (THTA) using the PBMC transcriptome for health, food, microbiome and disease markers for understanding the background and development of lifestyle diseases
Authors: Todt Tilman , van Bussel Inge , Afmann Lydia , Brennan Lorraine , Ivanova Diana G. , Kiselova-Kaneva Yoana , Louise Thomas E. , Rühl Ralph 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe developed a novel machine-learning artificial intelligence (AI) approach to predict general health and food-intake parameters named Transcriptome-driven Health-status Transversal-predictor Analysis (THTA) with relevance for diabesity markers based on a mathematics-driven and non-transcriptomic biomarker driven approach. The prediction was based on values from food consumption, dietary lipids and their bioactive metabolites, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) mRNA-based transcriptome signatures, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), energy metabolism measurements, microbiome analyses, and baseline clinical parameters in a cohort of 72 subjects. Our novel machine learning approach included transcriptome data from PBMCs as a “one-method” approach to predict 77 general health-status markers for broad stratification of the diabesity phenotype, which are usually necessitating measurements using 16 different methods. The PBMC transcriptome was used to determine these selected 77 basic and background health-status markers in a transversal-predictor establishment group with very high accuracy (Pearson correlations are r = 0,94 ranging from 0,88 to 0,98). These collected variables offer a valuable indication to identify which individual factor(s) are mainly targeting diabesity. Based on the “establishment group“ prediction approach a further “confirmation group” prediction approach was performed with a predictive potential for these 77 variables of r = 0,62 (ranging from 0,30 to 0,99). This “one-method” approach allows monitoring of a large number of health-status variables with relevance for diabesity simultaneously and may enable monitoring of therapeutic and preventive strategies. In summary, this novel technique based on PBMC transcriptomics from human blood offers prediction of a large range of health-related markers, which independently would be obtained in different clinical / research centres at a much higher price.
An exposome-wide assessment of 6600 SomaScan proteins with non-genetic factors in Chinese adults
Authors: Chan Ka Hung , Clarke Jonathan , Kakkoura Maria G. , Iona Andri , Wang Baihan , Clarke Charlotte , Wright Neil , Yao Pang , Mazidi Mohsen , Im Pek Kei , Rahmati Maryam , Kartsonaki Christiana , Morris Sam , Fry Hannah , Millwood Iona Y , Walters Robin G , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Yang Ling , Avery Daniel , Schmidt Dan Valle , Liu Yongmei , Yu Canqing , Sun Dianjianyi , Lv Jun , Hill Michael , Li Liming , Clarke Robert , Bennett Derrick A , Chen Zhengming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundProteomics offer new insights into human biology and disease aetiology. Previous studies have explored the associations of SomaScan proteins with multiple non-genetic factors, but they typically involved Europeans and a limited range of factors, with no evidence from East Asia populations.MethodsWe measured plasma levels of 6,597 unique human proteins using SomaScan platform in ∼2,000 participants in the China Kadoorie Biobank. Linear regression was used to examine the cross-sectional associations of 37 exposures across several different domains (e.g., socio-demographic, lifestyle, environmental, sample processing, reproductive factors, clinical measurements and frailty indices) with plasma concentrations of specific proteins, adjusting for potential confounders and multiple testing.FindingsOverall 12 exposures were significantly associated with levels of >50 proteins, with sex (n=996), age (n=982), ambient temperature (n=802) and BMI (n=1035) showing the largest number of associations, followed by frailty indices (n=465) and clinical measurements (e.g., RPG, SBP), but not diet and physical activity which showed little associations. Many of these associations varied by sex, with a large number of age-related proteins in females also associated with menopausal status. Of the 6,597 proteins examined, 43% were associated with at least one exposure, with the proportion higher for high-abundance proteins, but certain biologically-important low-abundance proteins (e.g., PSA, HBD-4) were also associated with multiple exposures. The patterns of associations appeared generally similar to those with Olink proteins.InterpretationIn Chinese adults an exposome-wide assessment of SomaScan proteins identified a large number of associations with exposures and health-related factors, informing future research and analytic strategies.
Accuracy of menu calorie labelling in the England out-of-home food sector during 2024: Assessment of a national food policy
Authors: Finlay Amy , Jones Andrew , Thorp Paula , Putra I Gusti Ngurah Edi , Polden Megan , Adams Jean , Brealey Jane , Robinson Eric 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMandatory calorie labelling was introduced in out-of-home (OOH) food sector outlets during 2022 in England. Previous research in North America has found labelled energy content can be underestimated for packaged and quick-serve foods, but no study has evaluated the accuracy of out-of-home food sector menu calorie labelling in response to the mandatory policy introduced in England. N=295 menu items from a range of outlet types (e.g. cafes, pubs, restaurants) and menu categories (e.g., starters and sides, main, dessert) were sampled. Bomb calorimetry was used to quantify energy content and the reported energy content on menus was recorded. Consistency of measured energy was assessed by sampling the same items across outlets of the same business (N=50 menu items). Differences between reported and measured energy content were tested through Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests, and a linear model examined correlates of the difference. Mean measured kilocalories (kcal) were significantly lower than reported kcal (−16.70kcal (±149.19), V=16920, p<.01, r=0.182). However, both over- and under-estimation of measured energy content was common and the averaged absolute percentage difference between reported and measured values was 21% (±29%). Discrepancy between measured and reported energy content was more common in some outlet types (pubs) and reported energy content was substantially different (>20%) to measured energy content for 35% of sampled menu items. There were significant inaccuracies in reported energy content of calorie labelled menu items in English food outlets subject to mandatory calorie labelling and this appears to be caused by both over- and under-estimation of reported energy content.Highlights-Energy content measured by bomb calorimetry was significantly higher than on menus.-Both under and over estimation of food energy content were frequently observed.-Measured energy content was consistent across chain outlets in different locations.
Efficacy of lightweight Vision Transformers in diagnosis of pneumonia
Authors: Bukhari Muhammad Tayyeb 
Published: October 2024

1AbstractPneumonia is one of the leading causes of death in children under five, particularly in resource-limited settings. The timely and accurate detection of pneumonia, often conducted through chest X-rays, remains a challenge due to the scarcity of trained professionals and the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have been increasingly applied to automate pneumonia detection. However, CNN models are often computationally expensive and lack the ability to capture long-range dependencies in images, limiting their efficacy in certain medical applications. To address these limitations, lightweight hybrid models such as Vision Transformers (ViTs), which combine the strengths of CNNs and transformers, offer a promising solution. This study compares the efficacy of two lightweight CNNs (EfficientNet Lite0 and MobileNetV3 Large) with two hybrid ViTs (MobileViT Small and EfficientFormerV2 S0) for pneumonia detection. The models were evaluated on a publicly available chest X-ray dataset using metrics such as accuracy, F1 score, precision, and recall. Results show that the hybrid models, particularly MobileViT Small, outperformed their CNN counterparts in both accuracy (97.50%) and F1 score (0.9664), demonstrating the potential of ViT-based models for medical imaging tasks. The findings suggest that hybrid models provide superior recall, reducing false negatives, which is crucial for medical diagnostics. Further research should focus on optimizing these hybrid models to improve computational efficiency while maintaining high diagnostic performance.
Contextualising transcription factor binding during embryogenesis using natural sequence variation
Authors: Sigalova Olga M. , Forneris Mattia , Stojanovska Frosina , Zhao Bingqing , Viales Rebecca R. , Rabinowitz Adam , Hamal Fayrouz , Ballester Benoît , Zaugg Judith B , Furlong Eileen E.M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how genetic variation impacts transcription factor (TF) binding remains a major challenge, limiting our ability to model disease-associated variants. Here, we used a highly controlled system of F1 crosses with extensive genetic diversity to profile allele-specific binding of four TFs at several embryonic time-points, usingDrosophilaas a model. Using a combined haplotype test, we identified 9-18% of TF bound regions impacted by genetic variation. By expanding WASP (a tool for allele-specific read mapping) to examine INDELs, we increased detection of allele imbalanced (AI) peaks by 30-50%. This fine-grained ‘mutagenesis’ could reconstruct functionalized binding motifs of all factors. To prioritise potential causal variants, we trained a convolutional neural network (Basenji) to predict TF binding from DNA sequence. The model could accurately predict experimental AI for strong effect variants, providing a mechanistic interpretation for how genetic variation impacted TF binding. This revealed unexpected relationships between TFs, including potential cooperative pairs, and mechanisms of tissue specific recruitment of the ubiquitous factor CTCF.
Quark spin effects in
e+e−
annihilation: A Monte Carlo event generator study
Authors: Kerbizi A. , Lönnblad L. , Martin A. 
Published: October 2024

Quark spin effects in e+e− annihilation to pseudoscalar and vector mesons are implemented for the first time in the Monte Carlo event generator. The spin-dependent fragmentation of the string stretched between the produced quark-antiquark pair with correlated spin states is described by the string+P30 model implemented in the string fragmentation routine of by using the package. The simulated events are used to study the model predictions for the Collins asymmetries of mesons produced back-to-back in the e+e− center of mass system by using both the thrust axis method and the hadronic plane method. The obtained asymmetries are compared to the available data from the BELLE and experiments and the underlying Collins analyzing power from the string+P30 model is compared with phenomenological extractions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Asymmetries in invisible dark matter mediator production associated with
tt¯
final states
Authors: Chalbaud E. , Silva Rui M. , Onofre António , Gonçalo Ricardo , Fiolhais Miguel C. N. 
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose two sets of different CP-sensitive observables inspired by the Higgs production in association with the top quark. We employ a dark matter simplified model that couples a scalar mediator with top quarks. The reconstruction of the kinematic variables is presented at next to leading order (NLO) accuracy for events associated with this massive scalar particle, which is assumed to be vanishing to invisible decays in a detector such as ATLAS. We build these observables by taking advantage of the similarity between the scalar coupling with the top quark and the factorization theorem in the total scattering amplitude, in order to represent the basis in which the phase space is parametrized. A twofold approach employs the direct implementation of the four-momentum phase space measure in building CP sensitive observables such as b2 for the Higgs, and the spin polarization of the top-quark decays in the narrow width approximation for the employed model. We studied the asymmetries of these distributions to test for any improvement in increasing the exclusion region for the gu33S−gu33P parameters associated with this vanishing scalar particle. We have found no significant effect in the exclusion limits by using the forward-backward asymmetry distributions and the full-shaped ones. Considering the case of an invisible mediator with mass of 10−2  GeV for a luminosity of 300  fb−1 expected at the end of Run 3, the best limits for gu33S and gu33P at NLO accuracy were obtained using the variables b˜2y^ and b2 respectively, with corresponding limits set to [−0.0425,0.0425] and [−0.83,0.83] at 68% CL.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
TT¯
deformation on non-Hermitian two coupled SYK model
Authors: Zhang Chenhao , Cai Wenhe 
Published: October 2024

We investigate TT¯ deformation on non-Hermitian coupled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model and the holographic picture. The relationship between ground state and thermofield double state is preserved under the TT¯ deformation. We prove that TT¯ deformed theory provides a reparametrization in large N limit. We numerically calculate the deformation effects on the correlation function in imaginary time and the free energy. The thermodynamic phase structures show the equivalence of the wormhole-black hole picture between non-Hermitian model and Hermitian model still holds under TT¯ deformation. The correlation function in Lorentz time, revival dynamic, and the deformed holography are also evaluated.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Impact of ageostrophic dynamics on the predictability of Lagrangian trajectories in surface-ocean turbulence
Authors: Maalouly Michael , Lapeyre Guillaume , Berti Stefano 
Published: October 2024

Turbulent flows at the surface of the ocean deviate from geostrophic equilibrium on scales smaller than about 10 km. These scales are associated with important vertical transport of active and passive tracers, and should play a prominent role in the heat transport at climate scales and for plankton dynamics. Measuring velocity fields on such small scales is notoriously difficult but new, high-resolution satellite altimetry is starting to reveal them. However, the satellite-derived velocities essentially represent the geostrophic flow component, and the impact of unresolved ageostrophic motions on particle dispersion needs to be understood to properly characterize transport properties. Here, we investigate ocean fine-scale turbulence using a model that represents some of the processes due to ageostrophic dynamics. We take a Lagrangian approach and focus on the predictability of the particle dynamics, comparing trajectories advected by either the full flow or by its geostrophic component only. Our results indicate that, over long times, relative dispersion is marginally affected after filtering out the ageostrophic component. Nevertheless, advection by the geostrophic-only flow leads to an overestimation of the typical pair-separation rate, and to a bias on trajectories (in terms of displacement from the actual ones), whose importance grows with the Rossby number. We further explore the intensity of the transient particle clustering induced by ageostrophic motions and find that it can be significant, even for small flow compressibility. Indeed, we show that clustering is here due to the interplay between compressibility and persistent flow structures that trap particles, enhancing their aggregation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Unveiling English school leaders’ intentional well-being cultivation practices during a global pandemic
Authors: Yeh Chloe Shu-Hua , Ravalier Jermaine , Chang Kirk 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThere is an urge worldwide that school leaders’ mental health and well-being must be prioritised within the education recovery at the local, national and global policy levels. This research identified the intentional well-being practices that school leaders cultivated as they faced unprecedented challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachData was collected through one-to-one in-depth semi-structured interviews with ten senior school leaders from primary and secondary schools in England. During the pandemic, online interviews were organised using Zoom. An inductive followed by deductive approach qualitative data analysis was employed to offer insights into the multidimensional and sensitive nature of school leaders’ well-being.FindingsThe findings indicated that despite a reported decline in well-being, the participants intentionally engaged in well-being cultivation practices which were both relational: developing multi-faceted support networks, and individual: developing self-care and self-regulation skills. These practices provided different psychological and practical needs necessary for maintaining their well-being and work functioning facing the pandemic.Originality/valueThis study affirms school leaders’ well-being cultivation is an intentional and effortful process involving relational and individual practices to support their multidimensional well-being during extreme challenges. These practices can be mindfully and strategically cultivated. This study enhances the theoretical understanding of school leader well-being and offers timely insights into well-being initiatives in leadership development programmes for educational leaders and policymakers amid global challenges.
Uniforms and degrees: investigating student experiences of higher education and policing
Authors: Wadley Steven , Phillips Matthew 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an account of student perceptions (age 16+) of the value of both obtaining a university degree and how it relates to the profession of policing. In addition, the paper details opinions of the perceived benefit of a degree with regard to potentially supporting career progression.

Design/methodology/approach
Participants were recruited directly, following input from a Midlands based University at a range of outreach activities, where they completed short, online questionnaires offering their thoughts and opinions on higher education and policing. Study participants were from four school and colleges within the West Midlands area, with all respondents meeting the inclusion criteria of being in the 16+ age group (Year 12 and 13).

Findings
The study yielded several key findings. Firstly, respondents positively demonstrated an intention to progress from school/college onto university, believing that having a degree or some form of formalised training is beneficial to development. Secondly, almost half of respondents indicated that they felt a police officer should have a degree to properly perform their duties. Thirdly, there was a mixed response as to whether they would prefer a police officer had a degree when dealing with the public. Finally, over half of respondents felt that holding a degree would be beneficial for career development within the police.

Practical implications
Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and partner force to work closely with feeder schools and colleges to provide information on the most suitable pathway into policing for potential officers of the future. By working closely with individual students, HEIs and forces have the scope to best align a potential police officer with the “bespoke” course for them, which should offer career and academic satisfaction. HEIs to further develop a broad range of skills, supporting both academic credibility and career development, further embedding the value of obtaining a degree.

Originality/value
This original research highlights clear evidence from respondents that there is a good deal of perceived value that can be gathered from holding a degree. This is shown from both the perspective of new recruits joining the police and to the potential as an aid to career development.
Bridging the gap between entrepreneurial intentions and behavior: examining the role of mindfulness
Authors: Abdul Waheed Kareem , Laeequddin Mohammed , Sahay Vinita 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis study investigates the role of mindfulness in the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and behavior.Design/methodology/approachTo investigate the effect of mindfulness on entrepreneurial intention and behavior, we adopt a conceptual framework based on the theory of planned behavior and develop our hypothesis, anticipating that mindfulness has a moderating effect on the entrepreneurial intention–behavior relationship. We conduct an empirical study by administering a survey questionnaire with 329 respondents who attended a training program organized by one of the leading management institutes in India.FindingsWe find a positive effect of entrepreneurial intention and mindfulness on entrepreneurial behavior. Further, mindfulness has a moderating effect on the entrepreneurial intention–behavior relationship.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has a few limitations. It was conducted among unemployed youth who participated in a government-sponsored training program for the promotion of entrepreneurship. Although not all the participants in the program were automatically eligible for government funding for starting a business, their entrepreneurial intention–behavior relationship may vary based on their conditions after the training concluded. This study emphasizes only the relationship between mindfulness and entrepreneurial intention behavior, considering EI and well-being implicit in mindfulness. Other contingent factors might also influence the entrepreneurship intention–behavior relationship, but our argument is that, ultimately, all emotional and rational factors can be subordinated to mindfulness. Hence, future research could be carried out to study the effect of mindfulness practice, entrepreneurial intention and the effectiveness of implementation behavior. Further longitudinal studies could be designed to understand how mindfulness training bridges the gap in the entrepreneurial intention–behavior relationship.Practical implicationsThrough this study, we offer empirical evidence on the role of mindfulness in moderating the intention–behavior relationship in entrepreneurship. Mindfulness makes people more aware of their internal and external environment when they pay attention with a purpose that helps them to regulate their emotions, cognition, novelty seeking and social contexts to sustain the ups and downs in starting a business.Originality/valueThe findings of the study offer new insights into the nuanced association between entrepreneurial intention and behavior through the lens of mindfulness.