bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of the Inconel 713 Alloy Within the High Temperature Brittleness Range
Authors: Łyczkowska K. , Adamiec J. , Jachym R. , Kwieciński K. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Nickel-based alloys are widely used in industries such as the aircraft industry, chemicals, power generation, and others. Their stable mechanical properties in combination with high resistance to aggressive environments at high temperatures make these materials suitable for the production of components of devices and machines intended for operation in extremely difficult conditions, e.g. in aircraft engines. This paper presents the results of thermal and mechanical tests performed on precision castings made of the Inconel 713C alloy and intended for use in the production of low pressure turbine blades. The tests enabled the determination of the nil strength temperature (NST), the nil ductility temperature (NDT), and the ductility recovery temperature (DRT) of the material tested. Based on the values obtained, the high temperature brittleness range (HTBR) and the hot cracking resistance index were determined. Metallographic examinations were conducted in order to describe the cracking mechanisms. It was found that the main cracking mechanism was the partial melting of grains and subsequently the rupture of a thin liquid film along crystal boundaries as a result of deformation during crystallisation. Another cracking mechanism identified was the DDC (Ductility Dip Cracking) mechanism. The results obtained provide a basis for improving precision casting processes for aircraft components and constitute guidelines for designers, engineers, and casting technologists.
The Influence of Different Assist Gases on Ductile Cast Iron Cutting by CO2 Laser
Authors: Meško J. , Nigrovič R. , Zrak A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article deals with the technology and principles of the laser cutting of ductile cast iron. The properties of the CO2 laser beam, input parameters of the laser cutting, assist gases, the interaction of cut material and the stability of cutting process are described. The commonly used material (nodular cast iron - share of about 25% of all castings on the market) and the method of the laser cutting of that material, including the technological parameters that influence the cutting edge, are characterized. Next, the application and use of this method in mechanical engineering practice is described, focusing on fixing and renovation of mechanical components such as removing the inflow gate from castings with the desired quality of the cut, without the further using of the chip machining technology. Experimental samples from the nodular cast iron were created by using different technological parameters of laser cutting. The heat affected zone (HAZ), its width, microstructure and roughness parameter Pt was monitored on the experimental samples (of thickness t = 13 mm). The technological parameters that were varied during the experiments included the type of assist gases (N2 and O2), to be more specific the ratio of gases, and the cutting speed, which ranged from 1.6 m/min to 0.32 m/min. Both parameters were changed until the desired properties were achieved.
A review of Fischer Tropsch synthesis process, mechanism, surface chemistry and catalyst formulation
Authors: Mahmoudi Hamid , Mahmoudi Maedeh , Doustdar Omid , Jahangiri Hessam , Tsolakis Athanasios , Gu Sai , LechWyszynski Miroslaw 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFor more than half a century, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) of liquid hydrocarbons was a technology of great potential for the indirect liquefaction of solid or gaseous carbon-based energy sources (Coal-To-Liquid (CTL) and Gas-To-Liquid (GTL)) into liquid transportable fuels. In contrast with the past, nowadays transport fuels are mainly produced from crude oil and there is not considerable diversity in their variety. Due to some limitations in the first generation bio-fuels, the Second-Generation Biofuels (SGB)’ technology was developed to perform the Biomass-To-Liquid (BTL) process. The BTL is awell-known multi-step process to convert the carbonaceous feedstock (biomass) into liquid fuels via FTS technology. This paper presents a brief history of FTS technology used to convert coal into liquid hydrocarbons; the significance of bioenergy and SGB are discussed aswell. The paper covers the characteristics of biomass, which is used as feedstock in the BTL process. Different mechanisms in the FTS process to describe carbon monoxide hydrogenation aswell as surface polymerization reaction are discussed widely in this paper. The discussed mechanisms consist of carbide, CO-insertion and the hydroxycarbene mechanism. The surface chemistry of silica support is discussed. Silanol functional groups in silicon chemistry are explained extensively. The catalyst formulation in the Fischer Tropsch (F-T) process as well as F-T reaction engineering is discussed. In addition, the most common catalysts are introduced and the current reactor technologies in the F-T indirect liquefaction process are considered.
Methane dry reforming over Ni catalysts supported on Ce–Zr oxides prepared by a route involving supercritical fluids
Authors: Smirnova Marina Yu. , Bobin Aleksei S. , Pavlova Svetlana N. , Ishchenko Arcady V. , Selivanova Aleksandra V. , Kaichev Vasilii V. , Cherepanova Svetlana V. , Krieger Tamara A. , Arapova Marina V. , Roger Anne-Cecile , Adamski Andrzej , Sadykov Vladislav A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCe0.5Zr0.5O2mixed oxides were prepared in a flow reactor in supercritical isopropanol with acetylacetone as a complexing agent. Variation of the nature of the Zr salt and the temperature of synthesis affected the phase composition, morphology and specific surface area of oxides. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies revealed formation of metastable t” and t’ phases. Oxides are comprised of agglomerates with sizes depending on the synthesis parameters. Loading NiO decreases the specific surface area without affecting X-ray particle sizes of supports. Such sintering was the most pronounced for a support with the highest specific surface area, which resulted in the lowest surface content of Ni as estimated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in the formation of flattened NiO particles partially embedded into the support. The catalytic activity and stability of these samples in the dry reforming of methane were determined by the surface concentration of Ni and the morphology of its particle controlled by the metal-support interaction, which also depends on the type of catalyst pretreatment. Samples based on ceria-zirconia oxides prepared under these conditions provide a higher specific catalytic activity as compared with the traditional Pechini route, which makes them promising for the practical application.
The Impact Of Foreign Direct Investment On Turkish Economy 2010–2016
Authors: Isiks Aliya Zhkanova , Isiksal Huseyin , Jalali Hala 
Published: January 2018

Summary
This study focuses on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows and how they are linked with the economic indicators in Turkey including the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER), and Gross Domestic Product per capita of Purchasing Power Parity - GDP (PPP) in Turkey. The GDP (PPP) variable is used because it shows significant causality on REER, along with the exchange rate volatility of the U.S Dollar in the Turkish stock market. Also, as an important sector of the Turkish economy, tourism revenue is elucidated according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data from 2016. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the FDI investment on economic condition in Turkey for the period between January 2010 and July 2016. The selected period is important because it represents the crucial time for Turkish economy following the 2008 global financial crisis along with the ongoing Civil War in neighboring Syria that had initiated in 2012, Turkish-Russian crises of 2015, and the military coup attempt in Turkey in 2016. It is argued that despite all the negative international and regional developments, FDI and Tourism play key roles in attracting income to the country. This is presented in the level of REER and GDP for PPP. The results also support the findings of many economists, who have previously asserted that the Turkish economic interaction is growing at a globalized level, and is able to compete with the other large attractive areas for foreign investors around the world. Finally, the results demonstrate that the tourism industry was the least affected sector in Turkey.
Vorausverfügungen in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Simon Alfred 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Patientenverfügungen und andere Formen der gesundheitlichen Vorausverfügung haben in den letzten Jahren stark an Bedeutung gewonnen. Der Beitrag diskutiert die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen psychiatrischer Vorausverfügungen vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen ethischen und rechtlichen Debatte um Zwangsbehandlung in der Psychiatrie. Ferner werden mögliche Konflikte bei der Umsetzung psychiatrischer Vorausverfügungen in der klinischen Praxis aufgezeigt und erörtert.
A novel recursive method to reconstruct multivariate functions on the unit cube
Authors: Zhang Zhihua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDue to discontinuity on the boundary, traditional Fourier approximation does not work efficiently ford−variate functions on [0, 1]d. In this paper, we will give a recursive method to reconstruct/approximate functions on [0, 1]dwell. The main process is as follows: We reconstruct ad−variate function by using all of its (d−1)–variate boundary functions and fewd–variate Fourier coefficients. We reconstruct each (d−1)–variate boundary function given in the preceding reconstruction by using all of its (d−2)–variate boundary functions and few (d−1)–variate Fourier coefficients. Continuing this procedure, we finally reconstruct each univariate boundary function in the preceding reconstruction by using values of the function at two ends and few univariate Fourier coefficients. Our recursive method can reconstruct multivariate functions on the unit cube with much smaller error than traditional Fourier methods.
Synthesis and applications of graphene quantum dots: a review
Authors: Chen Weifeng , Lv Guo , Hu Weimin , Li Dejiang , Chen Shaona , Dai Zhongxu 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
As a new class of fluorescent carbon materials, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their outstanding properties and potential applications in biological, optoelectronic, and energy-related fields. Herein, top-down and bottom-up strategies for the fabrication of GQDs, mainly containing oxidative cleavage, the hydrothermal or solvothermal method, the ultrasonic-assisted or microwave-assisted process, electrochemical oxidation, controllable synthesis, and carbonization from small molecules or polymers, are discussed. Different methods are presented in order to study their characteristics and their influence on the final properties of the GQDs. The respective advantages and disadvantages of the methods are introduced. With regard to some important or novel methods, the mechanisms are proposed for reference. Moreover, recent exciting progresses on the applications of GQD, such as sensors, bio-imaging, drug carriers, and solar cells are highlighted. Finally, a brief outlook is given, pointing out the issues still to be settled for further development. We believe that new preparation methods and properties of GQDs will be found, and GQDs will play more important roles in novel devices and various applications.
Idiom variation and decomposability Part II: Variation in the noun phrase
Authors: Cserép Attila 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Variant forms of idioms have been extracted from an American English corpus of 450 million words to test the idiom decomposition hypothesis, which proposes a dependence relation between the degree of idiom decomposability and the extent to which expressions are variable. The more decomposable the idiom is, the more flexibility it is expected to exhibit. In this second part of the study, morphological flexibility (number and determiner) as well as lexico- syntactic flexibility (the addition of various pre- and postmodifiers) of the noun have been assessed and related to three decomposability rankings. The results provide some support for the hypothesis. Of the individual flexibility dimensions, only number variation has been found to be significantly dependent on scalar decomposability. Of the overall measures, noun morphology and overall noun variation are significantly correlated. The relation between overall modifier variation and scalar decomposability is close to statistical significance, although premodifier and postmodifier variations taken separately do not show any dependence. None of the variation measures appear to be related to categorical decomposability.
Happiness and metaphors: a perspective from Hindi phraseology
Authors: Sharma Sunil 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Following the tradition of embodiment hypothesis suggested by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), the current research article aims to explore metaphorical concepts of happiness in Hindi phraseological expressions. The embodiment hypothesis postulates that phraseological expressions, especially idioms, are not the frozen building blocks of a language, but motivated linguistic bundles, which encode and reflect the physical and socio-cultural experience of a given linguistic community (see Gibbs 1993). In this regard, this article not only proposes the metaphorical instances of motivated Hindi phraseological expressions but also highlights the underlying socio-cultural particularities. This article is expected to contribute to international phraseological research given that Hindi language, particularly Hindi phraseology, has hardly been taken into consideration to validate or refute the postulates of embodiment hypothesis in connection with the conceptualization of emotional concepts.
Mitochondrial dysfunction: a key player in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases linked to air pollution
Authors: Boovarahan Sri Rahavi , Kurian Gino A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAir pollution has become an environmental burden with regard to non-communicable diseases, particularly heart disease. It has been reported that air pollution can accelerate the development of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Air pollutants encompass various particulate matters (PMs), which change the blood composition and heart rate and eventually leads to cardiac failure by triggering atherosclerotic plaque ruptures or by developing irreversible ischemia. A series of major epidemiological and observational studies have established the noxious effect of air pollutants on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the underlying molecular mechanisms of its susceptibility and the pathological disease events remain largely elusive and are predicted to be initiated in the cell organelle. The basis of this belief is that mitochondria are one of the major targets of environmental toxicants that can damage mitochondrial morphology, function and its DNA (manifested in non-communicable diseases). In this article, we review the literature related to air pollutants that adversely affect the progression of CVD and that target mitochondrial morphological and functional activities and how mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number variation, which reflects the airborne oxidant-induced cell damage, correlates with heart failure. We conclude that environmental health assessment should focus on the cellular/circulatory mitochondrial functional copy number status, which can predict the outcome of CVD.
Crossroads Corpus creation: Design and case study
Authors: Hantgan-Sonko Abbie 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper illustrates a methodological approach to the design of an annotated corpus using a case study of phonetic convergences and divergences by multilingual speakers in southwestern Senegal’s Casamance region. The newly compiled corpus contains approximately 183,000 annotations of multilingual, spoken data, gathered by eight researchers over a ten year span using methods ranging from structured lexical elicitation in controlled contexts to naturally occurring, multilingual conversations. The area from which the data were collected consists of three villages and their primary languages, and yet many more contribute to the linguistic landscape. Detailed metadata inform analyses of variation, the context in which a speech act took place and between whom, the speakers’ linguistic repertoires, trajectories, and social networks, as well as the larger language context. A potential path for convergence or divergence that emerged during data collection and in building and searching the corpus is the crossroads in the phonetic production of word-initial velar plosives. Word-initial [k] emerges in one language where only [ɡ] is present in the other; the third utilizes both. The corpus design makes it feasible, not only to identify areas of accommodation, but to grasp the context, enabling a sociolinguistically informed analysis of the speakers’ linguistic behavior.
Insulinoma presenting with post-prandial hypoglycaemia following fundoplication
Authors: Qian Sarah Y , Hare Matthew J L , Pham Alan , Topliss Duncan J 
Published: January 2018

Summary
Insulinomas are rare neuroendocrine tumours that classically present with fasting hypoglycaemia. This case report discusses an uncommon and challenging case of insulinoma soon after upper gastrointestinal surgery. A 63-year-old man presented with 6 months of post-prandial hypoglycaemia beginning after a laparoscopic revision of Toupet fundoplication. Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia was confirmed during a spontaneous episode and in a mixed-meal test. Localisation studies including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and gallium dotatate positron emission tomography (68Ga Dotatate PET) were consistent with a small insulinoma in the mid-body of the pancreas. The lesion was excised and histopathology was confirmed a localised well-differentiated neuroendocrine pancreatic neoplasm. There have been no significant episodes of hypoglycaemia since. This case highlights several key points. Insulinoma should be sought in proven post-prandial hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia – even in the absence of fasting hypoglycaemia. The use of nuclear imaging targeting somatostatin and GLP1 receptors has improved accuracy of localisation. Despite these advances, accurate surgical resection can remain challenging.

Learning points:

Hypoglycaemia is defined by Whipple’s triad and can be provoked by fasting or mixed-meal tests.

Although uncommon, insulinomas can present with post-prandial hypoglycaemia.

In hypoglycaemia following gastrointestinal surgery (i.e. bariatric surgery or less commonly Nissen fundoplication) dumping syndrome or non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycaemia syndrome (NIPHS) should be considered.

Improved imaging techniques including MRI, endoscopic ultrasound and functional nuclear medicine scans aid localisation of insulinomas.

Despite advances in imaging and surgical techniques, accurate resection of insulinomas remains challenging.
L’espace narratif dans "Comment Wang-Fô fut sauvé" de Marguerite Yourcenar
Authors: Paulet Dubois Françoise 
Published: January 2018

Comment Wang-Fô fut sauvé, la première des Nouvelles Orientales de Marguerite Yourcenar, est un récit où l’espace, en particulier un de ses éléments, joue un rôle très important et livre la clé de l’adverbe initial. Partant des réflexions de divers auteurs, ma démarche consistera à répondre à plusieurs questions pour comprendre le sens de l’espace dans ce texte : dans quels lieux physiques se situent objets et personnages et où se déroule l’action ? Comment et pourquoi se produit le voyage ? Comment caractériser les différents espaces et les déplacements qui s’y opèrent ? Je proposerai ensuite un parallèle entre lieux et personnages, et j’étudierai le lieu final du voyage et point d’orgue de l’œuvre. J’analyserai la manière dont l’auteure incorpore l’espace au discours, et les notations sensorielles lui permettant de s’approprier l’espace. Enfin j’examinerai comment elle le conjugue avec le temps, et comment s’opère la fusion entre l’espace et l’art.
Nurses’ preparedness for disasters in Turkey: Literature review
Authors: Taskiran Gulcan 
Published: January 2018

The purpose of the study is to present the current situation and to provide a working perspective on nurses' preparedness for disasters.Literature review method was used in the study. The keywords "nurse" and "disaster" have been used in Turkish and English while being screened.It has been determined that studies that examine nurses' preparedness for disasters in Turkey are mostly descriptive and their samples are limited. It was seen that the studies in Turkey were carried out after 2010 and there was no research on this subject before. In addition, studies have shown that nurses' basic competencies for disaster preparedness need to be developed. The study revealed that the training of nurses for disasters in Turkey is inadequate and the nurses in Turkey do not see themselves prepared and sufficient to intervene in disasters similar to the results of the studies done in all other countries. Keywords: Disasters; nurses; disaster preparedness, disaster nursing.
Effect of childbirth education classes on prenatal attachment
Authors: Nazik Evsen 
Published: January 2018

The childbirth education classes are a routine service in the developed countries, in order to inform the parents about the healthy development of the baby and to prepare the mother and father candidates in the birth and to start the new routine in the developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the effect of childbirth education classes on prenatal attachment.This descriptive casecontrol group research has been carried out between July-December 2016. The sample group consisted of a total of 246 pregnant women, 113 of whom were in the case group (participated in childbirth education classes) and 133 of whom were in the control group (didn't participated in childbirth education classes). In collecting the data, "Personal Information Form" and "Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI)" were used. The data of the case group were collected after the training was over. SPSS 15.0 statistical package program was used in the analysis of the data.The mean age of the case group was 25.36 Â± 4.47 and the control group was 26.87 Â± 5.47 in the study. It was determined that 23.9% of the pregnant women in the case group had graduated from secondary school, 84.1% did not work, 74.3% were three trimester, and 86.7% were planned pregnancies. It was determined that 21.1% of the pregnant women in the control group had graduated from secondary school, 87.2% did not work, 91.7% were three trimester and 79.7% had planned pregnancy. No statistically significant difference was found between the case and control groups in terms of descriptive and obstetric characteristics (p> 0.05). The mean PAI score of the case group was 38.30 Â± 9.64 and the control group was 34.10 Â± 10.52, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). It was determined that the prenatal attacment levels of the pregnants participating in the childbirth education class were higher. Keywords: Prenatal attachment; childbirth education class; nursing.