bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrospun nanofibers from cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with cineole and p‐cymene: enhanced water solubility and thermal stability
Authors: Celebioglu Asli , Yildiz Zehra Irem , Uyar Tamer 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe electrospinning of self‐standing nanofibrous webs from inclusion complexes (IC) of cineole and p‐cymene with two modified cyclodextrins (HPβCD, HPγCD) was achieved without using carrier polymeric matrix. Although they are highly volatile, certain amount of cineole and p‐cymene was protected in cyclodextrin inclusion complexes nanofibers (CD‐IC‐NF). That is, 68.4%, 78.1%, 54.5% and 44.0% (w/w) of active agent were preserved in cineole/HPβCD‐IC‐NF, cineole/HPγCD‐IC‐NF, p‐cymene/HPβCD‐IC‐NF and p‐cymene/HPγCD‐IC‐NF, respectively. Remarkable, high thermal stability for cineole (~150 °C – 270 °C) and p‐cymene (~150 °C – 275 °C) was achieved for CD‐IC‐NF samples due to CD‐IC formation. The water solubility of cineole and p‐cymene was significantly improved by inclusion complexation where CD‐IC‐NF samples become readily dissolved in water. In brief, essential oils and flavours such as cineole and p‐cymene could be applicable in food and oral care applications owing to their fast‐dissolving behaviour along with high water solubility, enhanced thermal stability and free‐standing feature of CD‐IC‐NF webs.
Does the jack of all trades fare best? Survival and niche width in Late Pleistocene megafauna
Authors: Di Febbraro Mirko , Carotenuto Francesco , Castiglione Silvia , Russo Danilo , Loy Anna , Maiorano Luigi , Raia Pasquale 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimWe sought to assess different megafaunal species responses to the intense climatic changes that characterized the end of the Quaternary.LocationEurasia.MethodsWe used species distribution modelling, niche overlap tests and co‐occurrence analysis to model climatic niche evolution and change in six different megafauna species, including three extinct (woolly mammoth, woolly rhino and steppe bison) and three extant (red deer, wolf and reindeer) species.ResultsCo‐occurrence analysis indicates mammoth, rhino, reindeer and steppe bison to be significantly associated to each other in the fossil record in cold, arid environments. In contrast, red deer and wolf show no evidence for strong habitat requirements, although they both tended to be associated with more humid conditions than the other megafauna. Woolly mammoth and the woolly rhino were the best adapted to the cold, arid conditions dominating the Eurasian landscapes during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Extant species did not exhibit larger climatic niches than extinct species, but changed more from one period to the next than those of extinct species.Main conclusionsAlthough they did not have wider climatic niches, and were the least adapted to cold climates, red deer and the wolf were able to withstand the harsh climatic conditions of the LGM. Conversely, the now extinct mammoth and woolly rhino did not survive the demise of the LGM environment. Although “cold‐adapted”, reindeer survived the LGM by occupying a northerly distribution similar to today. Independent evidence indicates the steppe bison lineage might have survived in North America. Our data are consistent with a strong climatic control on the fate of late Quaternary megafauna species in Eurasia. We were unable to exclude a sizeable effect of human intervention by overhunting.
A little bit everyday: range size determinants inArachis(Fabaceae), a dispersal‐limited group
Authors: Ceolin Guilherme Bordignon , Giehl Eduardo L. H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimEven though all species ofArachis(wild peanuts) develop pods underground (geocarpy), strongly limiting their dispersal ability, this genus is quite widespread in South America. Thus, our goal was to test potential explanations for howArachisspecies may have achieved their current distribution.LocationSouth America.MethodsWe used a dated phylogeny and 1,052 georeferenced records to run several analyses to select the variables that best explain the variation in range size inArachisspecies. We tested a set of models incorporating both abiotic (age, association with rivers, niche parameters) and biotic (life span, vegetative growth, dispersal ability) factors thought to influence geographical distribution in order to select those variables that may best explain the range size ofArachisspecies.ResultsWe found that no single factor was able to satisfactorily explain the geographical distribution of wild peanuts. Our results showed thatArachisrange sizes are influenced by a combination of differential dispersal ability and age, although the effect of time alone was small. We also found that asArachisspecies are geocarpic, their dispersal ability is positively influenced by presence of rhizomes, which improves the distances reached by individuals.Main conclusionsOur research shows that the range sizes of wild peanuts are mainly constrained by differential dispersal ability and time, and they are improved by the presence of rhizomatous growth. We also advocate that applying a set of candidate hypotheses to explain species range sizes is a much better alternative than previous attempts, in which single or few hypotheses have been tested at a time.
Is evolution of apomicts driven by the phylogeography of the sexual ancestor? Insights from European and Caucasian brambles (Rubus, Rosaceae)
Authors: Sochor Michal , Šarhanová Petra , Pfanzelt Simon , Trávníček Bohumil 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimApomixis, i.e. asexual reproduction via seeds, occurs in many plant taxa of diverse phylogenetic origins and has resulted in a high abundance and wide distribution of some groups. When and where apomicts arose and how their evolution is linked to their sexual ancestors is poorly understood. We aimed at detecting phylogeographical patterns in Rubus ulmifolius–R. sanctus agg., a diploid sexual species aggregate from Rubus series Discolores (Rosaceae), and asked where and when its polyploid apomictic descendants originated.LocationEurope and adjacent regions (Caucasus, Macaronesia, Morocco).MethodsNext‐generation sequencing of 10 nuclear microsatellite loci, Sanger sequencing of two plastid loci and ecological niche modelling.ResultsThe data reveal strong, continental‐scale genetic structuring within Rubus ulmifolius–R. sanctus agg. Geographical patterns of genetic diversity and ecological niche models indicate its survival mainly on the Iberian Peninsula and in Morocco during the Last Glacial Maximum, as well as population bottlenecks in the eastern Mediterranean and the Caucasus, whereas low allelic diversity in north‐western Europe stems from post‐glacial re‐colonization from southern refugia. The distribution of alleles among diploids and polyploids indicates that the first allopolyploidization events occurred prior to the last glaciation, but also reflects post‐glacial gene flow from diploids to polyploids.Main conclusionsPolyploid apomicts both preserve ancestral alleles lost in their diploid ancestors because of ice‐age bottlenecks and harbour also derived, i.e. younger, alleles obtained from diploid taxa via recent gene flow. Diversification of apomicts as a result of the diploid's genetic deterioration is hypothesized. Then, geographical parthenogenesis in Rubus could also be explained by genetic diversity patterns in the diploid, sexual ancestor.
Biogeography of cryoconite forming cyanobacteria on polar and Asian glaciers
Authors: Segawa Takahiro , Yonezawa Takahiro , Edwards Arwyn , Akiyoshi Ayumi , Tanaka Sota , Uetake Jun , Irvine‐Fynn Tristram , Fukui Kotaro , Li Zhongqin , Takeuchi Nozomu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimCryoconite, a microbe‐mineral aggregate found on glaciers worldwide, is formed by microbial phototrophs, principally cyanobacteria. Despite their ecological importance in supraglacial environments, the phylogeographical distributions of supraglacial cyanobacteria are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the biogeographical distribution of cyanobacteria on glaciers in the Antarctic, Arctic and Asia.LocationGlaciers in the Antarctic, Arctic and Asia.MethodsWe analysed contiguous sequences of 16S rRNA genes and 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, determined by a long read strategy and single‐filament PCR analysis in 38 glacial samples. We analysed cyanobacterial distribution patterns and genetic differentiation.ResultsThe cyanobacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were grouped into 20 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and the six major OTUs that accounted for 88% of sequences were distributed broadly from polar to Asian glaciers, suggesting that they are cosmopolitan at the species level. However, analysis of the more variable ITS region revealed geographical differentiation at the strain level. Nineteen OTUs, including the six major OTUs, showed considerable genetic differentiation among geographical regions; at the population level, they are, thus, geographically restricted. Only one of the phylotype exhibits a population structure which does not show a relationship with geographical distribution, suggesting that is cosmopolitan, even at the strain level.Main conclusionsOur 16S rRNA gene analyses suggest a global distribution of species of cyanobacteria colonizing glacier surfaces; however, the 16S–23S ITS regions revealed that most of the phylotypes are fundamentally endemic to particular areas at the population level and indicate limited migration among regions. Our result suggests that selection pressures among geographical regions are strong driving forces shaping genetic structure in cyanobacteria.
Burden of chronic urticaria relative to psoriasis in five European countries
Authors: Balp M.M. , Khalil S. , Tian H. , Gabriel S. , Vietri J. , Zuberbier T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundQuantification of burden of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) vs. psoriasis (PsO) is limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate the burden associated with CSU vs. PsO of all severities (overall PsO), mild and moderate/severe PsO.MethodsThis retrospective cross‐sectional analysis compared data from adult patients with chronic urticaria (CU), used as a proxy for CSU, and PsO from the National Health and Wellness Survey in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. Outcomes included mental and physical component summary scores (MCS and PCS) calculated from the Short Form (SF)‐36v2 or SF‐12v2, SF‐6D health utility scores, self‐reported psychological complaints (anxiety, depression and sleep difficulties), work productivity and activity impairment, and self‐reported healthcare resource utilization. Bivariate and multivariate analyses for each outcome and comparative groups were conducted.ResultsThis analysis included 769 CU and 7857 PsO (26.9% moderate/severe) patients. Following adjustment for covariates, CU patients showed a greater health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) impairment vs. overall PsO (MCS: −2.4, PCS: −1.6, SF‐6D: −0.03; all P < 0.001). CU patients showed a higher risk of anxiety, depression and sleep difficulties [odds ratio (OR): 1.63, 1.34 and 1.56, respectively; all P < 0.01] and greater healthcare resource use vs. overall PsO. The overall activity impairment was significantly greater in CU patients than in overall PsO patients (P = 0.001), while the impact on work was not significantly different. The results vs. moderate/severe PsO group showed no significant differences on all outcomes.ConclusionBurden of illness in CU is higher than PsO of all severities but similar to that observed in moderate/severe PsO. Both diseases have a similar negative impact on work productivity.
Effects of Anhydrous Lanolin versus Breast Milk Combined with a Breast Shell for the Treatment of Nipple Trauma and Pain During Breastfeeding: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Vieira Flaviana , Mota Dálete Delalibera C. F. , Castral Thaíla Corrêa , Guimarães Janaína Valadares , Salge Ana Karina Marques , Bachion Maria Márcia 
Published: September 2017

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of anhydrous lanolin with the effect of breast milk combined with a breast shell for treatment of nipple trauma and pain during breastfeeding.MethodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted in a maternity ward in a hospital accredited as a Baby‐Friendly Hospital located in the middle‐western region of Brazil. Breastfeeding women with obvious nipple trauma were randomized into 2 groups. In both groups, breastfeeding education was conducted. For up to 10 days, in Group 1, anhydrous lanolin was applied daily after each breastfeeding session, whereas in Group 2, breast milk combined with a breast shell was applied. Trauma was assessed using the Nipple Trauma Score, and pain was assessed using a numerical scale and sensory descriptors from the McGill Questionnaire.ResultsOne hundred women participated, with 50 women in each of the 2 groups. The healing of nipple trauma was faster in the group treated with breast milk combined with a breast shell, starting on the third day of intervention (P = .032). The intensity of pain was lower in the group treated with breast milk combined with a breast shell starting on the fifth day of treatment (P = .008). The use of anhydrous lanolin had a progressively reduced treatment efficacy, with values of 86.4% on the third day (95% confidence interval [CI], −4.5%–98.2%), 58.3% on the fifth day (95% CI, 20.1%–78.3%), 48.1% on the seventh day (95% CI, 20.1%–66.2%), and 26.9.% on the tenth day (95% CI, 6.4%–43%) of intervention. The resolution of nipple trauma was significantly associated with the use of the nipple shell on all intervention days.DiscussionThe intervention with breast milk combined with a breast shell was more effective than anhydrous lanolin for the treatment of nipple trauma and pain in breastfeeding women. This treatment should be encouraged among breastfeeding women to promote healing and reduce pain.
Neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying bariatric surgery: Insights from human studies and animal models
Authors: Stefanidis A. , Oldfield B. J. 
Published: September 2017

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and, to date, bariatric surgery remains the only effective treatment for morbid obesity in terms of its capacity to achieve durable weight loss. Bariatric surgery procedures, including Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB), adjustable gastric banding (AGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), have been the primary procedures conducted over the past decade, with SG increasing in popularity over the past 5 years at the expense of both RYGB and AGB. Although these procedures were initially proposed to function via restrictive or malabsorptive mechanisms, it is now clear that profound physiological changes underlie the metabolic improvements in patients who undergo bariatric surgery. Data generated in human patients and animal models highlight the rapid and sustained changes in gut hormones that coincide with these procedures. Furthermore, recent studies highlight the involvement of the nervous system, specifically the vagus nerve, in mediating the reduction in appetite and food intake following bariatric surgery. What is unclear is where these pathways converge and interact within the gut‐brain axis and whether vagally‐mediated circuits are sufficient to drive the metabolic sequalae following bariatric surgery.
Platelet‐rich plasma, the ultimate secret for youthful skin elixir and hair growth triggering
Authors: Elghblawi Ebtisam 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe clinical application of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is based on the increase in the concentration of growth factors that are released from alpha‐granule of the concentrated platelets and in the secretion of proteins which are able to capitalize on the healing process at the cellular level. It has been invented to restore the natural beauty by starting the natural rejuvenation process of the skin and aiming to make it function as a younger one and to keep the skin youthful and maintain it. Besides that, it is also emerged to include hairs as a new injectable procedure to enable stimulating hair growth locally and topically; preventing its fall; improving hair shaft, hair stem, and its caliber; increasing its shine, vitality, and pliability; and declining hair splitting and breakage. Thus, youth is in your blood as it has a magical power imposed in the platelet factors. There is, however, no standardization of the techniques besides insufficient description of the adopted procedures. Not long, autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has surfaced strongly in diverse medical specialties including plastic, wound healing and diabetic ulcers, orthopedic, trauma, ocular surgery, dry eye for eyelid injection, urology for urinary incontinence, sexual wellness, cutaneous surgery, sport medicine, dentistry and dermatology, and aesthetic applications. PRP proved to promote wound healing and aid in facelift, volumetric skin, skin rejuvenation, regeneration, and reconstruction; improve wrinkling; stimulate hair growth; increase hair follicle viability and its survival rate; prevent apoptosis; increase and prolong the anagen hair growth stage; and delay the progression to catagen hair cycle stage with increased density in hair loss and hair transplantation. The aims of this extensive review were to cover all PRP application aspects that are carried out in aesthetic dermatology and to assess the literature on platelet‐rich plasma outcomes on main aesthetic practices of general dermatology. A literature review was conducted by searching through PubMed, Biomedical Library database, Google Scholar, and Research Gate for the terms PRP, platelet‐rich plasma, platelet‐rich fibrin matrix, platelet preparations, platelet application therapy, platelet growth factors, platelet facial, platelet facial rejuvenation, platelet hairs, and platelet wound healing, from inception till 2017, and they were combined using Boolean operators. All those retrieved articles in English language were looked at and explored thoroughly.
Pressure injuries in people with darker skin tones: A literature review
Authors: Oozageer Gunowa Neesha , Hutchinson Marie , Brooke Joanne , Jackson Debra 
Published: September 2017

Aims and objectivesIn this article, we aimed to explore the literature to ascertain what research evidence exists in relation to the identification of pressure injuries in people with dark skin tones.BackgroundPressure injuries development has been widely researched and documented; however, much of this work does not address ethnicity or race and assumes Caucasian‐ness. Thus, the perceptions of people with dark skin tones and the influence of skin pigmentation on identification and management of pressure injuries is under examined.DesignLiterature review.MethodsA comprehensive electronic database search was undertaken of PubMed, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane and British Nursing Index (BNI) between 1990–July 2016. Alongside the electronic data, journals, books, papers from conferences, relevant national and international organisations and reference lists were also used to help source key studies.ResultsA search of the literature revealed 11 relevant articles. The foci of studies included the following: risk of sustaining a pressure injuries based on skin tones, identification of pressure injuries amongst people with dark skin tones, pressure injuries and place of care and socio‐economic impact on pressure injuries development. Overall, findings indicate that people with darker skin tones are more likely to develop higher stage pressure injuries. Reasons for this are not fully elucidated; however, it may be associated with current skin assessment protocols being less effective for people who have darker skin tones resulting in early damage arising from pressure not being recognised.ConclusionFrom the literature reviewed, it can be seen that there is a lack of guidance and evidence, and people with darker skin tones are more likely in comparison with people presenting as Caucasian to develop higher stage pressure injuries.Relevance to clinical practiceThe current literature suggests a need for researchers and clinicians to consider skin tone variances rather than ethnicity when exploring comprehensive skin assessment.
Interobserver Variation in the Diagnosis of Neurologic Abnormalities in the Horse
Authors: Saville W.J.A. , Reed S.M. , Dubey J.P. , Granstrom D.E. , Morley P.S. , Hinchcliff K.W. , Kohn C.W. , Wittum T.E. , Workman J.D. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundThe diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) relies heavily on the clinical examination. The accurate identification of neurologic signs during a clinical examination is critical to the interpretation of laboratory results.ObjectiveTo investigate the level of agreement between board‐certified veterinary internists when performing neurologic examinations in horses.AnimalsNinety‐seven horses admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at The Ohio State University from December 1997 to June 1998.MethodsA prospective epidemiologic research design was used. Horses enrolled in the study were examined by the internist responsible for care of the horse, and later by an internist who was not aware of the presenting complaint or other patient history. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and kappa (K) statistics were calculated to assess interobserver agreement.ResultsNinety‐seven horses were enrolled in the study. Overall, examiners, also referred to as observers, agreed that 60/97 (61.9%) were clinically abnormal, 21/97 (21.6%) were clinically normal, and the status of 16/97 (16.5%) of horses was contested. There was complete agreement among the examiners with regard to cranial nerve signs and involuntary movements. Disagreement involving severity of clinical signs occurred in 31 horses, and 25 of those horses (80.6%) were considered either normal or mildly affected by the primary observer. When examining the results of all paired clinical examinations for 11 different categories, there was wide variability in the results. When examiners rated the presence or absence of any neurologic abnormalities, lameness, or ataxia, the agreement among observers was either good or excellent for 80% of horses. When assessing truncal sway, the agreement among observers was good or excellent for 60% of the horses. When examining the horses for asymmetry of deficits, agreement was either good or excellent for 40% of the horses. Agreement among observers was excellent or good for only 20% of the horses when assessing muscle atrophy, spasticity (hypermetria), and overall assessment of the severity of neurologic abnormalities.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study underscores the subjectivity of the neurologic examination and demonstrates a reasonable level of agreement that may be achieved when different clinicians examine the same horse.