bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle water and pH in the eastern Mediterranean: source variability and implications for nutrient availability
Authors: Bougiatioti Aikaterini , Nikolaou Panayiota , Stavroulas Iasonas , Kouvarakis Giorgos , Weber Rodney , Nenes Athanasios , Kanakidou Maria , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Particle water (liquid water content, LWC) and aerosol pH are important parameters of the aerosol phase, affecting heterogeneous chemistry and bioavailability of nutrients that profoundly impact cloud formation, atmospheric composition, and atmospheric fluxes of nutrients to ecosystems. Few measurements of in situ LWC and pH, however, exist in the published literature. Using concurrent measurements of aerosol chemical composition, cloud condensation nuclei activity, and tandem light scattering coefficients, the particle water mass concentrations associated with the aerosol inorganic (Winorg) and organic (Worg) components are determined for measurements conducted at the Finokalia atmospheric observation station in the eastern Mediterranean between June and November 2012. These data are interpreted using the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic model to predict the pH of aerosols originating from the various sources that influence air quality in the region. On average, closure between predicted aerosol water and that determined by comparison of ambient with dry light scattering coefficients was achieved to within 8 % (slope  =  0.92, R2  =  0.8, n  =  5201 points). Based on the scattering measurements, a parameterization is also derived, capable of reproducing the hygroscopic growth factor (f(RH)) within 15 % of the measured values. The highest aerosol water concentrations are observed during nighttime, when relative humidity is highest and the collapse of the boundary layer increases the aerosol concentration. A significant diurnal variability is found for Worg with morning and afternoon average mass concentrations being 10–15 times lower than nighttime concentrations, thus rendering Winorg the main form of particle water during daytime. The average value of total aerosol water was 2.19 ± 1.75 µg m−3, contributing on average up to 33 % of the total submicron mass concentration. Average aerosol water associated with organics, Worg, was equal to 0.56 ± 0.37 µg m−3; thus, organics contributed about 27.5 % to the total aerosol water, mostly during early morning, late evening, and nighttime hours.The aerosol was found to be highly acidic with calculated aerosol pH varying from 0.5 to 2.8 throughout the study period. Biomass burning aerosol presented the highest values of pH in the submicron fraction and the lowest values in total water mass concentration. The low pH values observed in the submicron mode and independently of air mass origin could increase nutrient availability and especially P solubility, which is the nutrient limiting sea water productivity of the eastern Mediterranean.
A Regionalized Stochastic Rainfall Model for the Generation of High Resolution Data in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Daud Zalina , Mat Rasid Siti Musliha , Abas Norzaida 
Published: April 2016

<p>High resolution rainfall data is an important input for studies on hydrological systems. Often time synthetic data has to be generated in the absence of historical data. The stochastic Neyman Scott Rectangular Pulse (NSRP) model has been developed to produce synthetic data of high resolution. To take into account the spatial and temporal nature of rainfall, an extra domain had been added producing the Spatial Temporal NSRP (ST-NSRP) model. However these models require the repeat estimation of all the model parameters for each location. This work develops the Regionalized ST-NSRP model which produces a single model for a region. The regionalization approach is carried out by the station-year method using ten years (2001-2010) of records from sixteen stations. The statistical characteristics used in estimating the model’s parameters are hourly and daily coefficient of variation, hourly and daily lag one auto correlation, hourly cross correlation between sites and hourly skewness of rainfall series. Simulation process is conducted at two independent stations with distinctly different rainfall profile. The Regionalized ST-NSRP model produced statistical characteristics of the ungauged sites which matched those of the observed series fairly well even though there is a tendency to underestimate hourly covariance and lag one autocorrelation. Considering that spatial variability of rainfall is high within the studied region, this model is sufficiently robust in producing reasonable synthetic hourly rainfall series which captured the characteristics and pattern of observed rainfall series. Therefore the model has shown a promising potential in generating high resolution synthetic data for any ungauged site within the region.</p>
ADDENDA 2011-2015 David Hume. Una bibliografía de ediciones españolas e iberoamericanas.
Authors: Tasset Carmona José Luis , Díaz Seijas Raquel 
Published: April 2016

Actualización 2015 de "<span style="font-size: 1.5em;">David Hume. </span>Una bibliografía de ediciones españolas e iberoamericanas."
Continuité, stabilité, identité : une analyse du contenu de Documentation et bibliothèques, 1973-2013
Authors: Hudon Michèle 
Published: April 2016

Le présent article évoque quelques événements marquants de l’histoire de Documentation et bibliothèques (DB). Il présente ensuite les grandes thématiques qui ont été traitées dans des articles ou des chroniques depuis 1973, dresse un portrait des auteurs et propose quelques réflexions sur l’avenir de la revue. Entre 1973 et 2013, 668 articles et 232 chroniques ont été publiés, répartis dans 163 numéros. Les articles de réflexion et les articles descriptifs constituent 68 % du contenu de la revue. Les thèmes les plus fréquemment abordés sont les milieux, les activités et les services. Six cent soixante-sept auteurs distincts, Québécois dans une proportion de 80 %, ont publié au moins un article dans DB entre 1973 et 2013. La revue est stable et a atteint le stade de la maturité, mais elle doit accroître sa visibilité pour affirmer son identité et assurer sa survie.
Formation documentaire au collégial : une enquête sur les pratiques
Authors: Champoux Anne-Frédérique 
Published: April 2016

En avril 2014, un comité de travail du Regroupement des bibliothèques collégiales du Québec (REBICQ) mène une enquête afin de dresser un portrait de l’offre de formation documentaire dans le réseau des cégeps et collèges. L’objectif est de recueillir des données actualisées sur les pratiques, les modalités et les contenus des formations proposées aux étudiants du niveau collégial. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la formation documentaire revêt une grande importance dans les bibliothèques du REBICQ ayant répondu à l’enquête, car 100% d’entre elles en proposent. L’étude révèle par ailleurs que les contenus présentés en formation sont pertinents et diversifiés. On constate également que les ateliers en présentiel, s’insérant dans une multitude de cours et programmes, rejoignent chaque année un pourcentage important d’étudiants, soit près de 40 % des cégépiens inscrits à l’enseignement régulier.
The vertical structure of upper ocean variability at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain during 2012–2013
Authors: Damerell Gillian M. , Heywood Karen J. , Thompson Andrew F. , Binetti Umberto , Kaiser Jan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study presents the characterization of variability in temperature, salinity and oxygen concentration, including the vertical structure of the variability, in the upper 1000 m of the ocean over a full year in the northeast Atlantic. Continuously profiling ocean gliders with vertical resolution between 0.5 and 1 m provide more information on temporal variability throughout the water column than time series from moorings with sensors at a limited number of fixed depths. The heat, salt and dissolved oxygen content are quantified at each depth. While the near surface heat content is consistent with the net surface heat flux, heat content of the deeper layers is driven by gyre‐scale water mass changes. Below ∼150m, heat and salt content display intraseasonal variability which has not been resolved by previous studies. A mode‐1 baroclinic internal tide is detected as a peak in the power spectra of water mass properties. The depth of minimum variability is at ∼415m for both temperature and salinity, but this is a depth of high variability for oxygen concentration. The deep variability is dominated by the intermittent appearance of Mediterranean Water, which shows evidence of filamentation. Susceptibility to salt fingering occurs throughout much of the water column for much of the year. Between about 700–900 m, the water column is susceptible to diffusive layering, particularly when Mediterranean Water is present. This unique ability to resolve both high vertical and temporal variability highlights the importance of intraseasonal variability in upper ocean heat and salt content, variations that may be aliased by traditional observing techniques.
Sensitivity of summer ensembles of fledgling superparameterized U.S. mesoscale convective systems to cloud resolving model microphysics and grid configuration
Authors: Elliott Elizabeth J. , Yu Sungduk , Kooperman Gabriel J. , Morrison Hugh , Wang Minghuai , Pritchard Michael S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe sensitivities of simulated mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the central U.S. to microphysics and grid configuration are evaluated here in a global climate model (GCM) that also permits global‐scale feedbacks and variability. Since conventional GCMs do not simulate MCSs, studying their sensitivities in a global framework useful for climate change simulations has not previously been possible. To date, MCS sensitivity experiments have relied on controlled cloud resolving model (CRM) studies with limited domains, which avoid internal variability and neglect feedbacks between local convection and larger‐scale dynamics. However, recent work with superparameterized (SP) GCMs has shown that eastward propagating MCS‐like events are captured when embedded CRMs replace convective parameterizations. This study uses a SP version of the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (SP‐CAM5) to evaluate MCS sensitivities, applying an objective empirical orthogonal function algorithm to identify MCS‐like events, and harmonizing composite storms to account for seasonal and spatial heterogeneity. A five‐summer control simulation is used to assess the magnitude of internal and interannual variability relative to 10 sensitivity experiments with varied CRM parameters, including ice fall speed, one‐moment and two‐moment microphysics, and grid spacing. MCS sensitivities were found to be subtle with respect to internal variability, and indicate that ensembles of over 100 storms may be necessary to detect robust differences in SP‐GCMs. These results emphasize that the properties of MCSs can vary widely across individual events, and improving their representation in global simulations with significant internal variability may require comparison to long (multidecadal) time series of observed events rather than single season field campaigns.
Ligand‐Assisted Palladium(II)/(IV) Oxidation for sp3 CH Fluorination
Authors: Sun Huan , Zhang Yi , Chen Ping , Wu Yun‐Dong , Zhang Xinhao , Huang Yong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe direct functionalization of inert sp3 CH bonds is limited to a few bond types. Although the activation of sp3 CH bonds can be accomplished under mild conditions using palladium catalysts, the subsequent functionalization is not trivial due to the high energy required to convert palladium(II) to palladium(IV). We have systematically studied the palladium oxidation using computation‐guided experiments for reactions involving strong chelation control. We find that a mild external ligand could significantly accelerate the oxidation of palladium(II) to palladium(IV) for strong bidentate directing groups. The acceleration is believed to be a result of ligand stabilization of both the palladium(II) and palladium(IV) intermediates.magnified image
Stereoselective Monoamine Oxidase‐Catalyzed Oxidative Aza‐Friedel–Crafts Reactions of meso‐Pyrrolidines in Aqueous Buffer
Authors: de Graaff Corien , Oppelaar Barry , Péruch Olivier , Vande Velde Christophe M. L. , Bechi Beatrice , Turner Nicholas J. , Ruijter Eelco , Orru Romano V. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe disclose the highly diastereoselective combination of monoamine oxidase‐catalyzed oxidation of meso‐pyrrolidines and aza‐Friedel–Crafts reactions in aqueous buffer to give valuable enantioenriched 2‐substituted pyrrolidines in a formal double CH activation process. A range of secondary as well as tertiary amines were shown to be suitable substrates for the biocatalytic oxidation and subsequent addition of a variety of C‐nucleophiles.magnified image
Superfluorinated Ionic Liquid Crystals Based on Supramolecular, Halogen‐Bonded Anions
Authors: Cavallo Gabriella , Terraneo Giancarlo , Monfredini Alessandro , Saccone Marco , Priimagi Arri , Pilati Tullio , Resnati Giuseppe , Metrangolo Pierangelo , Bruce Duncan W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUnconventional ionic liquid crystals in which the liquid crystallinity is enabled by halogen‐bonded supramolecular anions [CnF2 n+1‐I⋅⋅⋅I⋅⋅⋅I‐CnF2 n+1]− are reported. The material system is unique in many ways, demonstrating for the first time 1) ionic, halogen‐bonded liquid crystals, and 2) imidazolium‐based ionic liquid crystals in which the occurrence of liquid crystallinity is not driven by the alkyl chains of the cation.
Changes in the Enantiomeric Composition of Chiral Mixtures Upon Adsorption on a Non‐Chiral Surface
Authors: Karakalos Stavros , Hong Junghyun , Zaera Francisco 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe adsorption of propylene oxide, a chiral molecule, on a Pt(111) single‐crystal surface was studied as a function of enantiomeric composition by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and molecular beams. Two opposing trends were observed leading to variations in the enantiomeric excess (ee) of the chemisorbed layers with respect to the composition of the gas‐phase mixtures: a kinetic effect dominant during the initial uptake, with a preference toward the formation of enantiopure layers, and a steady‐state effect seen after approximately monolayer half‐saturation, at which point the preference is toward racemization. These effects may account for important phenomena such as the bias toward one chirality in biological systems and the selective crystallization of some chiral compounds, and may also be used in practical applications for chemical separations and catalysis.
Isolierung labiler NSO‐Pseudohalogen‐Spezies
Authors: Labbow René , Michalik Dirk , Reiß Fabian , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMithilfe eines neuen Syntheseweges gelang es, das labile Thionylimid, H‐NSO, zu generieren und mit der sterisch anspruchsvollen Lewis‐Säure B(C6F5)3 abzufangen und vollständig zu charakterisieren. Zum Vergleich wurde eine Reihe von Me3Si‐NSO‐Addukten untersucht. Die Reaktion von Me3Si‐NSO mit dem Silyliumion [Me3Si]+ führte zum bis dato unbekannten Iminosulfoniumion [Me3Si‐N=S‐O‐SiMe3]+, das in Form von Salzen schwach koordinierender Carborationen isoliert und vollständig charakterisiert werden konnte.
Exceedingly Fast Oxygen Atom Transfer to Olefins via a Catalytically Competent Nonheme Iron Species
Authors: Serrano‐Plana Joan , Aguinaco Almudena , Belda Raquel , García‐España Enrique , Basallote Manuel G. , Company Anna , Costas Miquel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe reaction of [Fe(CF3SO3)2(PyNMe3)] with excess peracetic acid at −40 °C leads to the accumulation of a metastable compound that exists as a pair of electromeric species, [FeIII(OOAc)(PyNMe3)]2+ and [FeV(O)(OAc)(PyNMe3)]2+, in fast equilibrium. Stopped‐flow UV/Vis analysis confirmed that oxygen atom transfer (OAT) from these electromeric species to olefinic substrates is exceedingly fast, forming epoxides with stereoretention. The impact of the electronic and steric properties of the substrate on the reaction rate could be elucidated, and the relative reactivities determined for the catalytic oxidations could be reproduced by kinetic studies. The observed fast reaction rates and high selectivities demonstrate that this metastable compound is a truly competent OAT intermediate of relevance for nonheme iron catalyzed epoxidations.
Atomistic Conversion Reaction Mechanism of WO3 in Secondary Ion Batteries of Li, Na, and Ca
Authors: He Yang , Gu Meng , Xiao Haiyan , Luo Langli , Shao Yuyan , Gao Fei , Du Yingge , Mao Scott X. , Wang Chongmin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntercalation and conversion are two fundamental chemical processes for battery materials in response to ion insertion. The interplay between these two chemical processes has never been directly seen and understood at atomic scale. Here, using in situ HRTEM, we captured the atomistic conversion reaction processes during Li, Na, Ca insertion into a WO3 single crystal model electrode. An intercalation step prior to conversion is explicitly revealed at atomic scale for the first time for Li, Na, Ca. Nanoscale diffraction and ab initio molecular dynamic simulations revealed that after intercalation, the inserted ion–oxygen bond formation destabilizes the transition‐metal framework which gradually shrinks, distorts and finally collapses to an amorphous W and MxO (M=Li, Na, Ca) composite structure. This study provides a full atomistic picture of the transition from intercalation to conversion, which is of essential importance for both secondary ion batteries and electrochromic devices.
Production pathways for renewable jet fuel: a review of commercialization status and future prospects
Authors: Mawhood Rebecca , Gazis Evangelos , de Jong Sierk , Hoefnagels Ric , Slade Raphael 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAviation is responsible for an increasing share of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Decarbonization to 2050 is expected to rely on renewable jet fuel (RJF) derived from biomass, but this represents a radical departure from the existing regime of petroleum‐based fuels. Increased market deployment will require significant cost reductions, alongside adaptation of existing supply chains and infrastructure. This paper maps development and manufacturing efforts for six RJF production pathways expected to reach commercialization in the next 5–10 years. A Rapid Evidence Assessment was conducted to evaluate the technological and commercial maturity of each pathway and progress toward international certification, using the Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative's Fuel Readiness Level (FRL) framework. Planned and operational facilities have been cataloged alongside partnerships with the aviation industry. Policy and economic factors likely to affect future development and deployment are considered. Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (FRL 9) is the most developed pathway. It is ASTM certified, has fuelled the majority of RJF flights to date, and is produced at three commercial‐scale facilities. Fischer‐Tropsch derived fuels are moving toward the start‐up of first commercial facilities (FRL 7 and 8), although widespread deployment seems unlikely under current market conditions. The Direct Sugars to Hydrocarbons conversion pathway (FRL 5–7) is being championed by Amyris and Total in Brazil, but has yet to be demonstrated at scale. Other pathways are in the demonstration and pilot phases (FRL 4–6). Despite growing interest in RJF, demand and production volumes remain negligible. Development of supportive policy is likely to be critical to future deployment. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Synthesis and luminescence characterization of a new yellowish‐orange phosphor: Ba2B10O17:Sm3+
Authors: Li Jiangong , Yan Huifang , Yan Fengmei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA new yellowish‐orange emitting phosphor, Ba2B10O17:Sm3+ for use as a white light‐emitting diode (W‐LED) was synthesized by a solid‐state reaction method. The X‐ray diffraction results indicated that a pure Ba2B10O17 material was obtained. As a potential yellowish‐orange luminescent material for W‐LEDs, the Ba2B10O17:Sm3+ phosphor could be excited effectively by near‐ultraviolet (n‐UV) light and exhibited yellowish‐orange emission centered at 560 nm corresponding to the 4G5/2 → 6H5/2 transition of Sm3+ ions. The optimum concentration of Sm3+ ions in Ba2B10O17, critical transfer distance (Ra) and concentration quenching mechanism of the presented phosphor were investigated. Moreover, CIE chromaticity coordinates and color purity performance of the Ba2B10O17:Sm3+ phosphor were also discussed. The present work suggests that the Ba2B10O17:Sm3+ phosphor has potential as a type of yellowish‐orange emitting phosphor. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of gross anatomy laboratory on first year medical students’ interest in a surgical career
Authors: Pulcrano Marisa E. , Malekzadeh Sonya , Kumar Anagha 
Published: April 2016

This study sought to determine the impact of gross anatomy laboratory (GA) on first year medical students’ (M1) interest in a surgical career. Secondary objectives included identifying other influences in M1s’ career decision making.This prospective study included surveys before and after GA. All M1s enrolled in GA were invited to participate. Sixty students completed both the pre‐ and post‐test surveys. A 5‐point Likert‐type scale surveyed participants’ interests, specific personality traits, experience during the course of GA, and likelihood of pursuing a surgical career. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and (Polychotomous) Ordinal Logistic Regression Model. Students’ desire to work with their hands increased (50 vs. 33.3%) and enjoyment working with instruments and tools similarly increased (50 vs. 41.7%). Likelihood of pursuing a surgical career after gross anatomy increased in 31.7% of students, decreased in 16.7%, and was unchanged in 51.7%. Over 75% of students with a prior interest in surgery and 21% of those who previously felt neutral agreed that they were likely to pursue a career in surgery at the conclusion of the laboratory. Students with a surgeon family member were 0.1976 times as likely to exhibit a positive change in interest (P values 0.024). Gross anatomy may influence up to a third of the class to consider a surgical career, especially those with a prior interest in surgery and those previously feeling ambivalent. Students with a surgeon family member became less likely to enter a surgical career after gross anatomy. Clin. Anat. 29:691–695, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Giant diverticulum‐ A rare complication of a common surgical condition
Authors: Cubas Vanessa , Ward Stephen T. , Dmitrewski Jan 
Published: April 2016

Key Clinical MessageA gentleman presented with abdominal distension and pain. CT confirmed a 20 cm sigmoid diverticulum. A giant diverticulum, typified by diverticula greater than 4 cm, often requires colonic resection. Fewer than 200 cases have been reported, most measuring 7–15 cm. I present a rare complication of a common surgical condition with images.
Doctor, I am sweating on just one side of my body: unilateral hyperhidrosis associated with mesothelioma
Authors: Waran Eswaran 
Published: April 2016

Key Clinical MessageUnilateral hyperhidrosis is rare and should prompt a thorough review for potentially serious underlying etiologies. Available treatments for unilateral hyperhidrosis secondary to mesothelioma are limited and its presence as a symptom usually signifies advanced disease and a poor prognosis.