bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migraine and Mental Health in a Population-Based Sample of Adolescents
Authors: Orr Serena L. , Potter Beth K. , Ma Jinhui , Colman Ian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjective: To explore the relationship between migraine and anxiety disorders, mood disorders and perceived mental health in a population-based sample of adolescents. Methods: The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) is a cross-sectional health survey sampling a nationally representative group of Canadians. In this observational study, data on all 61,375 participants aged 12-19 years from six survey cycles were analyzed. The relationships between self-reported migraine, perceived mental health, and mood/anxiety disorders were modeled using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The migraine–depression association was also explored in a subset of participants using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Short Form (CIDI–SF) depression scale. Results: The odds of migraine were higher among those with mood disorders, with the strongest association in 2011-2 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=4.59; 95% confidence interval [CI95%]=3.44-6.12), and the weakest in 2009-10 (aOR=3.06, CI95%=2.06-4.55). The migraine–mood disorders association was also significant throughout all cycles, other than 2011-2, when the CIDI–SF depression scale was employed. The odds of migraine were higher among those with anxiety disorders, with the strongest association in 2011-2 (aOR=4.21, CI95%=3.31-5.35) and the weakest in 2010 (aOR=1.87, CI95%=1.10-3.37). The inverse association between high perceived mental health and the odds of migraine was observed in all CCHS cycles, with the strongest association in 2011-2 (aOR=0.58, CI95%=0.48-0.69) and the weakest in 2003-4 (aOR=0.75, CI95%=0.62-0.91). Conclusions: This study provides evidence, derived from a large population-based sample of adolescents, for a link between migraine and mood/anxiety disorders.
Emergency Preparedness Safety Climate and Other Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among World Trade Center Disaster Evacuees
Authors: Sherman Martin F. , Gershon Robyn R. , Riley Halley E. M. , Zhi Qi , Magda Lori A. , Peyrot Mark 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe examined psychological outcomes in a sample of participants who evacuated from the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2011. This study aimed to identify risk factors for psychological injury that might be amenable to change, thereby reducing adverse impacts associated with emergency high-rise evacuation.MethodsWe used data from a cross-sectional survey conducted 2 years after the attacks to classify 789 evacuees into 3 self-reported psychological outcome categories: long-term psychological disorder diagnosed by a physician, short-term psychological disorder and/or memory problems, and no known psychological disorder.ResultsAfter nonmodifiable risk factors were controlled for, diagnosed psychological disorder was more likely for evacuees who reported lower “emergency preparedness safety climate” scores, more evacuation challenges (during exit from the towers), and evacuation-related physical injuries. Other variables associated with increased risk of psychological disorder outcome included gender (female), lower levels of education, preexisting physical disability, preexisting psychological disorder, greater distance to final exit, and more information sources during egress.ConclusionsImproving the “emergency preparedness safety climate” of high-rise business occupancies and reducing the number of egress challenges are potential strategies for reducing the risk of adverse psychological outcomes of high-rise evacuations. Focused safety training for individuals with physical disabilities is also warranted. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:326–336)
Tracer transport in an isochronal ice-sheet model
Authors: BORN ANDREAS 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe full history of ice sheet and climate interactions is recorded in the vertical profiles of geochemical tracers in polar ice sheets. Numerical simulations of these archives promise great advances both in the interpretation of these reconstructions and the validation of the models themselves. However, fundamental mathematical shortcomings of existing models subject tracers to spurious diffusion, thwarting straightforward solutions. Here, I propose a new vertical discretization for ice-sheet models that eliminates numerical diffusion entirely. Vertical motion through the model mesh is avoided by mimicking the real-world flow of ice as a thinning of underlying layers. A new layer is added to the surface at equidistant time intervals, isochronally, thus identifying each layer uniquely by its time of deposition and age. This new approach is implemented for a two-dimensional section through the summit of the Greenland ice sheet. The ability to directly compare simulations of vertical ice cores with reconstructed data is used to find optimal model parameters from a large ensemble of simulations. It is shown that because this tuning method uses information from all times included in the ice core, it constrains ice-sheet sensitivity more robustly than a realistic reproduction of the modern ice-sheet surface.
Cretaceous fossil Raninoida De Haan, 1839 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from northeast Texas
Authors: Franţescu Ovidiu D. , Feldmann Rodney M. , Schweitzer Carrie E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo new Raninoida crabs from the Cretaceous of Texas are described,Planocorystes robreidinew genus new species, andTexicancernew genus to accommodateNecrocarcinus renfroae. All the previously described raninoid-like decapods from the Pawpaw Formation have been reassigned according to Karasawa et al. (2014). Cretaceous raninoid-like crabs are the dominant taxa amongst the fossil decapods found in the Fort Worth, Texas, area, with hundreds of specimens collected. All of these fossils have been collected from limonitic nodules, and most of them present a good degree of preservation, with articulated pereiopods, pleons, venter and in rare occasions even the gills. The decapod fauna of the Pawpaw Formation represents a diverse population, with a large number of taxa in high abundance. One specimen ofP.robreidiappears to exhibit a lethal bite mark.
Taxonomy and biostratigraphic significance of Icriodus orri Klapper and Barrick and related Middle Devonian conodont species
Authors: Narkiewicz Katarzyna , Bultynck Pierre 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe present study of the Eifelian icriodid conodonts is based on collections from Belarus and the Michigan Basin (USA). It is here proposed that forms originally included in Icriodus orri Klapper and Barrick, 1983 can be attributed to I. retrodepressus Bultynck, 1970, Icriodus orri sensu stricto, and Icriodus michiganus new species, each displaying a distinct morphology, stratigraphical range, and geographic distribution. Icriodus retrodepressus, characterized by a triangular spindle, deep depression in its posterior part, and a well-pronounced spur and antispur, appeared in the lower partitus Zone of the lowermost Eifelian and disappeared in the upper Eifelian kockelianus Zone. Icriodus michiganus n. sp., distinguished by a lachrymiform spindle with a shallow posterior depression, ranges from the lower costatus Zone to the upper kockelianus Zone. Icriodus orri differs from the other two species by the occurrence of transverse denticle rows with lateral denticles displaying sharp edges. It ranges from the upper kockelianus Zone to the ensensis Zone of the uppermost Eifelian. Icriodus retrodepressus first occurred in the European part of the Euramerican continent and later migrated into the North American area. Icriodus michiganus n. sp. has been found in the interior part of the North American Craton and near the eastern Euramerican margin. Icriodus orri occurs in the North American interior, in British Columbia (Canada), and in the eastern part of Euramerica (Belarus). The introduction of I. retrodepressus can be related to the transgressive Choteč Event, whereas that of I. orri to a transgressive stage of the Ie eustatic cycle.
SHARP INEQUALITIES FOR THE VARIATION OF THE DISCRETE MAXIMAL FUNCTION
Authors: MADRID JOSÉ 
Published: November 2016

In this paper we establish new optimal bounds for the derivative of some discrete maximal functions, in both the centred and uncentred versions. In particular, we solve a question originally posed by Bober et al. [‘On a discrete version of Tanaka’s theorem for maximal functions’, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.140 (2012), 1669–1680].
Use of molecular biomarkers to estimate manganese requirements for broiler chickens from 22 to 42 d of age
Authors: Lu Lin , Chang Bin , Liao Xiudong , Wang Runlian , Zhang Liyang , Luo Xugang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe present study was carried out to evaluate dietary Mn requirements of broilers from 22 to 42 d of age using molecular biomarkers. Chickens were fed a conventional basal maize–soyabean meal diet supplemented with Mn as Mn sulphate in graded concentrations of 20 mg Mn/kg from 0 to 140 mg Mn/kg of diet for 21 d (from 22 to 42 d of age). The Mn response curves were fitted for ten parameters including heart Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA and its protein expression levels and the DNA-binding activities of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and activating protein-2 (AP-2). Heart MnSOD mRNA and protein expression levels showed significant quadratic responses (P<0·01), and heart MnSOD activity showed a broken-line response (P<0·01), whereas Mn content and DNA-binding activities of Sp1 and AP-2 in the heart displayed linear responses (P<0·01) to dietary Mn concentrations, respectively. The estimates of dietary Mn requirements were 101, 104 and 94 mg/kg for full expressions of MnSOD mRNA level, MnSOD protein level and MnSOD activity in the heart, respectively. Our findings indicate that heart MnSOD mRNA expression level is a more reliable indicator than heart MnSOD protein expression level and its activity for the evaluation of Mn requirement of broilers, and about 100 mg Mn/kg of diet is required for the full expression of heart MnSOD in broilers fed the conventional basal maize–soyabean meal diet from 22 to 42 d of age.
Effect of whey protein and a free amino acid mixture simulating whey protein on measures of satiety in normal-weight women
Authors: Chungchunlam Sylvia M. S. , Henare Sharon J. , Ganesh Siva , Moughan Paul J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDietary protein is considered more satiating than carbohydrate, and whey protein is more satiating than other protein sources. The purported satiating effect of whey protein may be due to direct effects of the unique mixture of proteins in whey, due to the effects of peptides released upon digestion and/or its amino acid composition. The objective of the present study was to compare the satiating effects of intact whey protein isolate (WPI) or a free amino acid mixture (AAM) simulating the amino acid composition of the WPI. A single-blind completely randomised block design included twenty, healthy, adult women (age 24·2 (sem 0·8) years) of normal weight (BMI 22·7 (sem 0·4) kg/m2). Following consumption of isoenergetic (approximately 1800 kJ) preload meals enriched (52 g amino acid equivalent) with WPI or AAM, consumption of an ad libitum test meal 120 min later and subjective feelings of appetite using visual analogue scales (VAS) were determined. There were no significant differences (P=0·24) in the ad libitum test meal intakes between the WPI (268·5 (sem 27·3) g) and the AAM (238·4 (sem 22·7) g) preload meals. Subjective VAS ratings of appetite did not differ significantly between the WPI and the AAM preload meals (P>0·05). Intact whey protein and a free AAM simulating the whey protein showed similar effects on satiety. This suggests that the satiating effect of whey protein may be related to its specific amino acid composition.
Molecular characterization, expression analysis and RNAi knock-down of elongation factor 1α and 1γ fromNilaparvata lugens and its yeast-like symbiont
Authors: Wang W.X. , Zhu T.H. , Li K.L. , Chen L.F. , Lai F.X. , Fu Q. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the present paper, four cDNAs encoding the alpha and gamma subunits of elongation factor 1 (EF-1) were cloned and sequenced fromNilaparvata lugens, namedNlEF-1α, NlEF-1γ, and its yeast-like symbiont (YLS), namedYsEF-1αandYsEF-1γ, respectively. Comparisons with sequences from other species indicated a greater conservation forEF-1αthan forEF-1γ. NlEF-1αhas two identical copies. The deduced amino acid sequence homology of NlEF-1αand NlEF-1γis 96 and 64%, respectively, compared withHomalodisca vitripennisandLocusta migratoria. The deduced amino acid sequence homology of YsEF-1α and YsEF-1γ is 96 and 74%, respectively, compared withMetarhizium anisopliaeandOphiocordyceps sinensis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR) analysis revealed that the expression level ofNlEF-1αandNlEF-1γmRNA in hemolymph, ovary, fat body and salivary glands were higher than the midgut and leg tissue.YsEF-1αandYsEF-1γwas highly expressed in fat body. The expression level ofNlEF-1αwas higher than that ofNlEF-1γ. Through RNA interference (RNAi) of the two genes, the mortality of nymph reached 92.2% at the 11th day after treatment and the ovarian development was severely hindered. The RT–qPCR analysis verified the correlation between mortality, sterility and the down-regulation of the target genes. The expression and synthesis of vitellogenin (Vg) protein in insects injected withNlEF-1αandNlEF-1γdouble-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was significantly lower than control groups. Attempts to knockdown the YsEF-1 genes in the YLS was unsuccessful. However, the phenotype ofN. lugensinjected withYsEF-1αdsRNA was the same as that injected withNlEF-1αdsRNA, possibly due to the high similarity (up to 71.9%) in the nucleotide sequences betweenNlEF-1αandYsEF-1α.We demonstrated that partial silencing ofNlEF-1αandNlEF-1γgenes caused lethal and sterility effect onN. lugens.NlEF-1γshares low identity with that of other insects and therefore it could be a potential target for RNAi-based pest management.
Do We Need Kiwi Lessons in Biculturalism? Considering the Usefulness of Aotearoa/New Zealand's Pākehā Identity in Re-Articulating Indigenous Settler Relations in Canada
Authors: MacDonald David B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCanada is beginning to slowly embrace an ethic of Indigenous-settler biculturalism. One model of change is afforded by the development of biculturalism in Aotearoa/New Zealand, where recent Indigenous Māori mobilization has created a unique model in the Western settler world. This article explores what Canada might learn from the Kiwi experience, focusing on the key identity marker Pākehā, an internalized and contingent settler identity, using Indigenous vocabulary and reliant on a relationship with Indigenous peoples. This article gauges Pākehā’s utility in promoting biculturalism, noting both its progressive qualities and problems in its deployment, including continued inequality, political alienation, and structural discrimination. While Canada has no Pākehā analogue, terms such as “settler” are being operationalized to develop a larger agenda for reconciliation along the lines recommended by the Truth and Reconcilliation Commission. However, such terms function best when channelled towards achieving positive concrete goals, rather than acting as rhetorical screens for continued inaction.
The Importance of Local Party Activity in Understanding Canadian Politics: Winning from the Ground Up in the 2015 Federal Election
Authors: Cross William 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPolitical parties have long been identified as critical players in Canadian democracy. In this address I focus on the activities of parties at the constituency level arguing that this is crucial to fully understanding many important questions in Canadian political science. By way of example, using data relating to the 2015 federal election, I argue that examining the relative vitality of local party associations in the period between election campaigns assists in a fuller understanding of election outcomes and that examining local party nomination dynamics is key to understanding the underrepresentation of women in the candidate pool and ultimately in the House of Commons.
DietaryChlorella vulgarismicroalgae improves feed utilization, milk production and concentrations of conjugated linoleic acids in the milk of Damascus goats
Authors: KHOLIF A. E. , MORSY T. A. , MATLOUP O. H. , ANELE U. Y. , MOHAMED A. G. , EL-SAYED A. B. 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYFifteen lactating Damascus goats (44 ± 0·8 kg body weight) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate the supplementation ofChlorella vulgarismicroalgae at 0 (Control), 5 (Alg05) and 10 g/goat/day (Alg10) for 12 weeks.Chlorella vulgaristreatments increased feed intake and apparent diet digestibility compared with a control diet. No differences were noted in the ruminal pH and ammonia-N concentrations, but increased concentration of total volatile fatty acids and propionic acid were observed in goats fed with Alg05 and Alg10. Diets of Alg05 and Alg10 increased serum glucose concentration but decreased glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and cholesterol concentrations. Additionally,C. vulgarissupplementation moderately increased milk yield, energy corrected milk, total solids, solids not fat and lactose. Feeding Alg05 and Alg10 diets increased milk unsaturated fatty acids with concomitant increases in total conjugated linoleic acid concentrations. It is concluded that the daily inclusion of 5 or 10 g ofC. vulgarisin the diets of Damascus goats increased milk yield and positively modified milk fatty acid profile.
In a state of slum: governance in an informal urban settlement in Ghana
Authors: Stacey Paul , Lund Christian 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTOld Fadama in Accra, Ghana, is a vast informal settlement. A legalistic approach by successive governments has meant a near-absence of statutory institutions and the emergence of alternative public authorities. These endeavour to provide the area with a range of basic public services to solve the area's serious developmental challenges. Through processes of informal negotiation residents establish rights and social contracts that underpin and define what will constitute ideas of state and law. At the same time, self-governance emerges while relations with statutory institutions shift back and forth between vilification, tacit acceptance, and productive cooperation. The article contributes to studies of governance in informal urban settlements on two fronts. First, it shows how informal arrangements lead to the provision of basic public services and influence the workings of formal institutions of government. Second, it challenges facile understandings of large-scale informal settlements as generally chaotic, lawless or subversive.
The unique role of the agent within the romantic group
Authors: Ben-Ze'ev Aaron , Krebs Angelika 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this commentary, we apply the authors' view to small groups consisting of two people who are in a committed romantic relationship. Our focus is on the circumstances that make it more likely that people will stay within such a group and minimize the chances that they will replace their partner. In our restless society, such ongoing replacement is a pressing issue.
Optimal Hardy inequalities in cones
Authors: Devyver Baptiste , Pinchover Yehuda , Psaradakis Georgios 
Published: November 2016

Let Ω be an open connected cone in ℝn with vertex at the origin. Assume that the Operatoris subcritical in Ω, where δΩ is the distance function to the boundary of Ω and μ ⩽ 1/4. We show that under some smoothness assumption on Ω the improved Hardy-type inequalityholds true, and the Hardy-weight λ(μ)|x|–2 is optimal in a certain definite sense. The constant λ(μ) > 0 is given explicitly.
Imaging the adult zebrafish cone mosaic using optical coherence tomography
Authors: HUCKENPAHLER ALISON L. , WILK MELISSA A. , COOPER ROBERT F. , MOEHRING FRANCIE , LINK BRIAN A. , CARROLL JOSEPH , COLLERY ROSS F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractZebrafish (Danio rerio) provide many advantages as a model organism for studying ocular disease and development, and there is great interest in the ability to non-invasively assess their photoreceptor mosaic. Despite recent applications of scanning light ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, and gonioscopy to in vivo imaging of the adult zebrafish eye, current techniques either lack accurate scaling information (limiting quantitative analyses) or require euthanizing the fish (precluding longitudinal analyses). Here we describe improved methods for imaging the adult zebrafish retina using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Transgenic fli1:eGFP zebrafish were imaged using the Bioptigen Envisu R2200 broadband source OCT with a 12-mm telecentric probe to measure axial length and a mouse retina probe to acquire retinal volume scans subtending 1.2 × 1.2 mm nominally. En face summed volume projections were generated from the volume scans using custom software that allows the user to create contours tailored to specific retinal layer(s) of interest. Following imaging, the eyes were dissected for ex vivo fluorescence microscopy, and measurements of blood vessel branch points were compared to those made from the en face OCT images to determine the OCT lateral scale as a function of axial length. Using this scaling model, we imaged the photoreceptor layer of five wild-type zebrafish and quantified the density and packing geometry of the UV cone submosaic. Our in vivo cone density measurements agreed with measurements from previously published histology values. The method presented here allows accurate, quantitative assessment of cone structure in vivo and will be useful for longitudinal studies of the zebrafish cone mosaics.
Characteristics of Müller glial cells in MNU-induced retinal degeneration
Authors: REISENHOFER MIRIAM , PANNICKE THOMAS , REICHENBACH ANDREAS , ENZMANN VOLKER 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRetinal Müller glial cells have been shown to undergo reactive gliosis in a variety of retinal diseases. Upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a hallmark of Müller cell activation. Reactive gliosis after retinal detachment or ischemia/reperfusion is characterized by hypertrophy and downregulation of inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) currents. However, this kind of physiological alteration could not be detected in slowly progressing retinal degenerations. The photoreceptor toxin N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) leads to the rapid loss of cells in the outer nuclear layer and subsequent Müller cell activation. Here, we investigated whether Müller cells from MNU-treated mice exhibit reactive gliosis. We found that Müller cells showed increased GFAP expression and increased membrane capacitance, indicating hypertrophy. Membrane potential and Kir channel-mediated K+ currents were not significantly altered whereas Kir4.1 mRNA expression and Kir-mediated inward current densities were markedly decreased. This suggests that MNU-induced Müller cell gliosis is characterized by plasma membrane increase without alteration in the membrane content of Kir channels. Taken together, our findings show that Müller cells of MNU-treated mice are reactive and respond with a form of gliosis which is characterized by cellular hypertrophy but no changes in Kir current amplitudes.