bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnitude of Hematoma Volume Measurement Error in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Rodriguez-Luna David , Boyko Matthew , Subramaniam Suresh , Klourfeld Evgenia , Jo Patricia , Diederichs Brendan J. , Kosior Jayme C. , Dowlatshahi Dar , Aviv Richard I. , Molina Carlos A. , Hill Michael D. , Demchuk Andrew M. ,   for the PREDICT/Sunnybrook ICH CTA study group
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose—
Limiting intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) expansion is a common target for acute ICH studies and, therefore, accurate measurement of hematoma volumes is required. We investigated the amount of hematoma volume difference between computed tomography scans that can be considered as measurement error.

Methods—
Five raters performed baseline (<6 hours) and 24-hour total hematoma (ICH+IVH) computer-assisted volumetric analysis from 40 selected ICH patients from the Predicting Hematoma Growth and Outcome in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Using Contrast Bolus CT (PREDICT) study cohort twice. Estimates of intrarater and interrater reliability are expressed as intraclass correlation coefficients and minimum detectable difference (MDD).

Results—
Total hematoma volumetric analyses had excellent intra- and interrater agreements (intraclass correlation coefficients 0.994 and 0.992, respectively). MDD for intra- and interrater volumes was 6.68 and 7.72 mL, respectively, and were higher the larger total hematoma volume was and in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage or IVH. MDD for total hematoma volume measurement of 10.4 mL was found in patients with largest hematoma volumes. In patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage or IVH, MDD for total hematoma volume was 10.3 and 10.4 mL, respectively. In patients without IVH, MDD for intra- and interrater pure ICH volumes were 3.82 and 5.83 mL, respectively.

Conclusions—
A threshold higher than 10.4 mL seems to be reliable to avoid error of total hematoma volume measurement in a broad range of patients. An absolute ICH volume increase of >6 mL, commonly used as outcome in ICH studies, seems well above MDD and, therefore, could be used to reliably detect ICH expansion.
Concatenation in Kālidāsa and Other Sanskrit Poets
Authors: Salomon Richard 
Published: February 2016

Concatenation, that is, the linking of successive verses of a poem by the repetition of the same or similar words, has been discussed by several scholars in relation to Vedic and Prakrit poetry, but other than a ground-breaking article published by W. Schubring in 1955, it has been insufficiently studied in classical Sanskrit kāvya. This article argues that a particular form of concatenation, involving long-distance word repetition across as many as five or even ten verses, is characteristic of the works of Kālidāsa in particular but also of Sanskrit poets in general. Like Schubring’s article, this one focuses on the Meghadūta, but uses a broader definition of scope of concatenation.
Turbulent Winds and Temperature Fronts in Large-Eddy Simulations of the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Sullivan Peter P. , Weil Jeffrey C. , Patton Edward G. , Jonker Harmen J. J. , Mironov Dmitrii V. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The nighttime high-latitude stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer (SBL) is computationally simulated using high–Reynolds number large-eddy simulation on meshes varying from 2003 to 10243 over 9 physical hours for surface cooling rates Cr = [0.25, 1] K h−1. Continuous weakly stratified turbulence is maintained for this range of cooling, and the SBL splits into two regions depending on the location of the low-level jet (LLJ) and . Above the LLJ, turbulence is very weak and the gradient Richardson number is nearly constant: . Below the LLJ, small scales are dynamically important as the shear and buoyancy frequencies vary with mesh resolution. The heights of the SBL and Ri noticeably decrease as the mesh is varied from 2003 to 10243. Vertical profiles of the Ozmidov scale show its rapid decrease with increasing , with over a large fraction of the SBL for high cooling. Flow visualization identifies ubiquitous warm–cool temperature fronts populating the SBL. The fronts span a large vertical extent, tilt forward more so as the surface cooling increases, and propagate coherently. In a height–time reference frame, an instantaneous vertical profile of temperature appears intermittent, exhibiting a staircase pattern with increasing distance from the surface. Observations from CASES-99 also display these features. Conditional sampling based on linear stochastic estimation is used to identify coherent structures. Vortical structures are found upstream and downstream of a temperature front, similar to those in neutrally stratified boundary layers, and their dynamics are central to the front formation.
Rates of Dissipation of Turbulent Kinetic Energy in a High Reynolds Number Tidal Channel
Authors: McMillan Justine M. , Hay Alex E. , Lueck Rolf G. , Wolk Fabian 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe ability to estimate the rate of dissipation (ε) of turbulent kinetic energy at middepth in a high-speed tidal channel using broadband acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) is assessed by making comparisons to direct measurements of ε obtained using shear probes mounted on a streamlined underwater buoy. The investigation was carried out in Grand Passage, Nova Scotia, Canada, where the depth-averaged flow speed reached 2 m s−1 and the Reynolds number was 8 × 107. The speed bin–averaged dissipation rates estimated from the ADCP data agree with the shear probe data to within a factor of 2. Both the ADCP and the shear probe measurements indicate a linear dependence of ε on the cube of the flow speed during flood and much lower dissipation rates during ebb. The ebb–flood asymmetry and the small-scale intermittency in ε are also apparent in the lognormal distributions of the shear probe data. Possible sources of bias and error in the ε estimates are investigated, and the most likely causes of the discrepancy between the ADCP and shear probe estimates are the cross-channel separation of the instruments and the high degree of spatial variability that exists in the channel.
Explicit Precipitation-Type Diagnosis from a Model Using a Mixed-Phase Bulk Cloud–Precipitation Microphysics Parameterization
Authors: Benjamin Stanley G. , Brown John M. , Smirnova Tatiana G. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The Rapid Refresh (RAP) and High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR), both operational at NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) use the Thompson et al. mixed-phase bulk cloud microphysics scheme. This scheme permits predicted surface precipitation to simultaneously consist of rain, snow, and graupel at the same location under certain conditions. Here, the explicit precipitation-type diagnostic method is described as used in conjunction with the Thompson et al. scheme in the RAP and HRRR models. The postprocessing logic combines the explicitly predicted multispecies hydrometeor data and other information from the model forecasts to produce fields of surface precipitation type that distinguish between rain and freezing rain, and to also portray areas of mixed precipitation. This explicit precipitation-type diagnostic method is used with the NOAA operational RAP and HRRR models. Verification from two winter seasons from 2013 to 2015 is provided against METAR surface observations. An example of this product from a January 2015 south-central United States winter storm is also shown.
Ketamine augmentation for outpatients with treatment-resistant depression: Preliminary evidence for two-step intravenous dose escalation
Authors: Cusin Cristina , Ionescu Dawn Flosnik , Pavone Kara Jean , Akeju Oluwaseun , Cassano Paolo , Taylor Norman , Eikermann Matthias , Durham Kelley , Swee Michaela Ballentyne , Chang Trina , Dording Christina , Soskin David , Kelley John , Mischoulon David , Brown Emery Neal , Fava Maurizio 
Published: February 2016

Objective: Preliminary evidence supports the safety and efficacy of subanesthetic ketamine as an experimental antidepressant, although its effects are often not sustained beyond one week. Studies are lacking that have examined the sustained effects of escalating ketamine doses as augmentation in outpatients with treatment-resistant depression. Therefore, the aims of this study were twofold: (1) to assess the safety and antidepressant efficacy of two-step, repeated-dose ketamine augmentation and (2) to assess the duration of ketamine’s antidepressant efficacy as augmentation to ongoing antidepressant pharmacotherapy for 3 months after the final infusion. Methods: Fourteen patients with treatment-resistant depression were eligible to receive augmentation with six open-label intravenous ketamine infusions over 3 weeks. For the first three infusions, ketamine was administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg over 45 minutes; the dose was increased to 0.75 mg/kg over 45 minutes for the subsequent three infusions. The primary outcome measure was response (as measured on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale–28 items). Results: After the completion of three ketamine infusions, 7.1% (1/14) responded; after all six ketamine infusions, 41.7% (5/12) completers responded and 16.7% (2/12) remitted. Intent-to-treat response and remission rates at the end of the final infusion were 35.7% (5/14) and 14.3% (2/14), respectively. However, all but one responder relapsed within 2 weeks after the final infusion. Conclusion: Repeated, escalating doses of intravenous ketamine augmentation were preliminarily found to be feasible, efficacious and well tolerated. Interaction with concomitant medications and elevated level of treatment resistance are possible factors for non-response.
Combined Anterior and Dual Posterolateral Approaches for Ankle Arthroscopy for Posterior and Anterior Ankle Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Song Bin , Li Changchuan , Chen Zhong , Yang Rui , Hou Jingyi , Tan Weiquan , Li Weiping 
Published: February 2016

Background: We introduce a novel method of combining the standard anteromedial and anterolateral approaches and dual posterolateral approaches in the arthroscopic treatment of posterior and anterior ankle impingement syndrome and compare the postoperative outcomes with conventional anteromedial/anterolateral and posteromedial/posterolateral approaches. Methods: From January 2013 to January 2015, we treated 28 patients with posterior and anterior ankle impingement syndrome by arthroscopy. The patients were divided into the conventional group (n = 13) and the modified group (n = 15) according to the surgical approaches used in the operation. Preoperative and postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, range of ankle motion, and operation time were recorded. The average follow-up was 16 months (range 6-24 months). Results: Posterior and anterior ankle impingement syndrome was confirmed arthroscopically in all patients. After the operation, the range of ankle motion in all patients was restored. There was no significant difference in postoperative AOFAS score, VAS score, dorsiflexion, and plantarflexion between the conventional group and the modified group. Moreover, the operation time was significantly reduced in the modified group compared with the conventional group. There was no recurrence of osteophyte and no complications such as infection, neurovascular injury, or delayed healing of surgical incision in the modified group. Conclusions: Dual posterolateral approaches combined with standard anteromedial and anterolateral approaches was a novel method for arthroscopic treatment of posterior and anterior ankle impingement syndrome. It proved to be safe and effective, and significantly reduced the operation time. Reposition, repeated prep and drape, and limb distraction were avoided. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Intraoperative Hydroxyethyl Starch and its Effects on Different Fibrinogen Measurements
Authors: Winstedt Dag , Solomon Cristina , Hillarp Andreas , Lundahl Tom , Schött Ulf 
Published: February 2016

Background: Intravenous fluids with synthetic colloids such as hydroxyethyl starch (HES) are known to interfere with plasma fibrinogen concentration measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an HES solution on fibrinogen measurements in a clinical setting. Methods: The study was performed in patients who received at least 1 L of HES during intracranial tumor resection surgery. Blood samples were drawn before the start of surgery (baseline), after infusion of 1 L of HES, and at later time points. The fibrinogen concentration was measured using 3 different methods: (a) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), (b) Clauss method with a photometric readout, and (c) Clauss method with an electromechanical readout. In addition, the fibrin-based clot quality was evaluated with the thromboelastometric FIBTEM test. Results: Forty patients were enrolled, and 25 patients were included in the analysis. The fibrinogen concentrations at baseline were 2.2, 2.3, and 2.6 g/L and after 1 L of HES 1.6, 1.7, and 1.9 g/L as measured by ELISA, the photometric test, and the electromechanical test, respectively. The electromechanical Clauss test measured significantly higher concentrations at these time points. The relative decrease, however, was comparable between methods (31%, 29%, and 25%, respectively) but significantly lower than the 44% relative decrease with FIBTEM maximum clot firmness. Conclusion: Despite providing different fibrinogen concentration values at baseline, the relative decrease in fibrinogen concentration after HES infusion was comparable among the 3 tests. In contrast, fibrin-based clot quality was more affected than fibrinogen concentration tests by HES infusion.
Education and training to support the use of clinical telehealth: A review of the literature
Authors: Edirippulige S , Armfield NR 
Published: February 2016

Introduction Despite a growing literature base, substantial investment, and policy changes within governments, the integration of telehealth into routine clinical care has been limited. The availability of appropriate systematic education and training for practitioners has been highlighted as necessary for strong adoption. However, the availability and nature of telehealth-related education and training for practitioners is not understood. By reviewing the literature, we aimed to describe the delivery of education and training in telehealth, with particular focus on content, modes of delivery, types of institutions, and target clinician groups. Methods We performed searches using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and ERIC. We included studies that were focused on the delivery of telehealth-related academic or vocational education and training. We extracted information pertaining to country, programs and their participants, and tabulated the results. Results Altogether 388 articles were identified, of which nine studies were selected for final review. Programs from five countries were represented and articles were spread across telemedicine and clinically oriented journals. Education and training in telehealth has been provided as both university level and vocational courses using conventional classroom based delivery methods and e-learning. Reported curriculum items included terminology, clinical applications, the evidence-base, and technological aspects. Conclusions Published evidence in peer-reviewed literature on telehealth education and training is limited. According to this review, a number of topics relating to telehealth have been covered by existing education programs both within tertiary and professional development levels.
Television history: archives, excavation and the future. A discussion
Authors: Smart Billy , Wrigley Amanda 
Published: February 2016

This article considers possible futures for television (TV) studies, imagining how the discipline might evolve more productively over the next 10 years and what practical steps are necessary to move towards those outcomes. Conducted as a round-table discussion between leading figures in television history and archives, the debate focuses on the critical issue of archives, considering and responding to questions of access/inaccessibility, texts/contexts, commercial/symbolic value, impact and relevance. These questions reflect recurrent concerns when selecting case studies for historical TV research projects: how difficult is it to access the material (when it survives)? What obstacles might be faced (copyright, costs, etc.) when disseminating findings to a wider public? The relationship between the roles of ‘researcher’ and ‘archivist’ appears closer and more mutually supportive in TV studies than in other academic disciplines, with many people in practice straddling the traditional divide between the two roles, combining specialisms that serve to further scholarship and learning as well as the preservation of, and broad public engagements with, collections. The Research Excellence Framework’s imperative for academic researchers to achieve ‘impact’ in broader society encourages active and creative collaboration with those based in public organizations, such as the British Film Institute (BFI), who have a remit to reach a wider public. The discussion identifies various problems and successes experienced in collaboration between the academic, public and commercial sectors in the course of recent and ongoing research projects in TV studies.
Bupropion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness as an antidepressant
Authors: Patel Krisna , Allen Sophie , Haque Mariam N. , Angelescu Ilinca , Baumeister David , Tracy Derek K. 
Published: February 2016

Bupropion has been used as an antidepressant for over 20 years, though its licence for such use varies and it is typically a third- or fourth-line agent. It has a unique pharmacology, inhibiting the reuptake of noradrenaline and dopamine, potentially providing pharmacological augmentation to more common antidepressants such as selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This systematic review and meta-analysis identified 51 studies, dividing into four categories: bupropion as a sole antidepressant, bupropion coprescribed with another antidepressant, bupropion in ‘other’ populations (e.g. bipolar depression, elderly populations) and primary evaluation of side effects. Methodologically more robust trials support the superiority of bupropion over placebo, and most head-to-head antidepressant trials showed an equivalent effectiveness, though some of these are hindered by a lack of a placebo arm. Most work on the coprescribing of bupropion with another antidepressant supports an additional effect, though many are open-label trials. Several large multi-medication trials, most notably STAR*D, also support a therapeutic role for bupropion; in general, it demonstrated similar effectiveness to other medications, though this literature highlights the generally low response rates in refractory cohorts. Effectiveness has been shown in ‘other’ populations, though there is an overall dearth of research. Bupropion is generally well tolerated, it has very low rates of sexual dysfunction, and is more likely to cause weight loss than gain. Our findings support the use of bupropion as a sole or coprescribed antidepressant, particularly if weight gain or sexual dysfunction are, or are likely to be, significant problems. However there are notable gaps in the literature, including less information on treatment naïve and first presentation depression, particularly when one considers the ever-reducing rates of response in more refractory illness. There are some data to support bupropion targeting specific symptoms, but insufficient information to reliably inform such prescribing, and it remains uncertain whether bupropion pharmacodynamically truly augments other drugs.
Patterns, predictors and outcomes of asthma control and exacerbations during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Grzeskowiak Luke E. , Smith Brian , Roy Anil , Dekker Gustaaf A. , Clifton Vicki L. 
Published: February 2016

There exists a paucity of data for socially disadvantaged populations describing patterns and predictors of asthma control status and exacerbations during pregnancy, and their relationship to adverse perinatal outcomes.Asthmatic women (n=189) were followed prospectively during pregnancy, with visits at 12, 20, 28 and 36 weeks gestation. Data on loss of control, recurrent uncontrolled asthma and moderate/severe exacerbations were collected at each visit and their relationship to perinatal outcomes examined following stratification for fetal sex.50% of asthmatic women experienced a loss of control or moderate/severe exacerbation during pregnancy, with 22% of women experiencing a moderate/severe exacerbation. Factors associated with an increased risk of women experiencing recurrent uncontrolled asthma during pregnancy included smoking (relative risk 2.92, 95% CI 1.53–5.58), inhaled corticosteroid use at the beginning of pregnancy (relative risk 2.40, 95% CI 1.25–4.60) and increasing maternal age (relative risk 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.11). No factors were associated with moderate/severe exacerbations. Asthma control rather than exacerbations during pregnancy appeared to be most strongly correlated with perinatal outcomes. Following stratification by fetal sex, the presence of recurrent uncontrolled asthma was associated with an increased risk of being small for gestational age in women pregnant with females (33.3%versus9.5%; p=0.018). In contrast, there was a nonsignificant increased risk of preterm birth in women with recurrent uncontrolled asthma that were pregnant with males (25.0%versus11.8%; p=0.201)These results suggest that the key to improving perinatal outcomes lies in improving asthma control as early as possible in pregnancy and monitoring throughout pregnancy, rather than focusing on preventing exacerbations alone.
Daily urinary urea excretion to guide intermittent hemodialysis weaning in critically ill patients
Authors: Aniort Julien , Ait Hssain Ali , Pereira Bruno , Coupez Elisabeth , Pioche Pierre Antoine , Leroy Christophe , Heng Anne Elisabeth , Souweine Bertrand , Lautrette Alexandre 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
There are no easily available markers of renal recovery to guide intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) weaning. The aim of this study was to identify markers for IHD weaning in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods
We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study of patients treated with IHD for at least 7 days and four dialysis sessions for AKI between 2006 and 2011 in an intensive care unit (ICU) of a French university hospital. Blood and urinary markers were recorded on the day of the last IHD in the ICU for unweaned patients and 2 days after the last IHD for weaned patients. Factors associated with IHD weaning were identified by multiple logistic regression. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the characteristics of the best diagnostic thresholds were compared.

Results
Sixty-seven patients were analyzed, including thirty-seven IHD-weaned patients. Urine output [odds ratio (OR) 1.59, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.20–2.10 (per ml/kg/24 h increase); P = 0.01] and urinary urea concentration [OR 1.29, 95 % CI 1.01–1.64 (per 10 mmol/L increase); P = 0.04] were both associated with IHD weaning. The optimal diagnostic thresholds for IHD weaning were urine output greater than 8.5 ml/kg/24 h, urinary urea concentration greater than 148 mmol/L, and daily urea excretion greater than 1.35 mmol/kg/24 h, with accuracy of 82.1 %, 76.1 %, and 92.5 % (P = 0.03), respectively. The AUROC of daily urinary urea excretion (0.96) was greater than the AUROC of urine output (0.86) or the AUROC of urinary urea concentration (0.83) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
A daily urinary urea excretion greater than 1.35 mmol/kg/24 h was found to be the best marker for weaning ICU patients with AKI from IHD.