bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of immunocytochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization on fine‐needle aspiration cytology samples of breast cancers: A comparative study
Authors: Acs Balazs , Szekely Nora , Szasz Attila Marcell , Lotz Gabor , Szekely Tamas , Istok Roland , Szekely Eszter , Madaras Lilla , Kulka Janina , Jaray Balazs 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionTo characterize breast tumors and metastases, fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAB) can be a favorable first choice. However, the diagnostic accuracy of ancillary tests applied to FNAB samples is yet to be validated.Patients and MethodsWe examined 110 breast cancer patients' paired cytological and surgical resection specimens evaluated between 2005 and 2014. Comparison of ER and Her2 immunocytochemical (ICC) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed.ResultsSignificant difference (p < 0.001) and moderate correlation (κ = 0.446) were noted between results of 97 paired ICC an IHC reactions for ER expression. ICC for ER status had a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 38.2%. Significant difference (p = 0.012) and moderate correlation (κ = 0.541) were found between results of 77 paired ICC an IHC reactions for Her2 expression. The Her2 ICC had a sensitivity of 54%, specificity of 95.4%, PPV of 66.7%, and NPV of 92.6%. The results of FISH carried out on 23 paired samples of FNAB and surgical specimens indicated perfect correlation (κ = 1.000) and no significant difference (p = 1.000). FISH performed on FNAB has sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 100%.ConclusionThe correlation of ICC and IHC is moderate regarding ER and Her2 expression of the same tumor. FISH performed on FNAB samples is suitable to categorize primary and metastatic breast cancer in regard of HER2 gene amplification status and can be used as a predictive test in respect of therapies targeting HER2. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:466–471. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of subdividing the “atypical” category for urinary cytology on patient management
Authors: Glass Ryan , Cocker Rubina , Rosen Lisa , Coutsouvelis Constantinos , Chau Karen , Slim Farah , Brenkert Ryan , Sheikh‐Fayyaz Silvat , Farmer Peter , Das Kasturi 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionThe purpose of the study is to determine the impact of subdividing the “atypical” cytology interpretation into two groups: Atypical urothelial cells of uncertain significance (AUC‐US) and Atypical urothelial cells suspicious for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (AUC‐H/SHGUC), on management of patients with no prior history of UC.Materials and methodThis is a retrospective study of “atypical” urine cytology with subsequent tissue examination occurring within six months. Cytology reports with “atypical” interpretation were reclassified into AUS‐UC and AUC‐H based on morphologic features identified by the Johns Hopkins system and the Paris system for urine cytology. Follow‐up and categorical outcomes were compared between the reclassified AUC‐US and AUC‐H groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference (P < 0.4539) in the rate of cytology follow‐up, the follow‐up cytology result (P < 0.1845), or time between follow‐up cytologies (P < 0.0869) between the reclassified atypical group of AUC‐H and AUC‐US. There was a significant association (P < 0.0001) of rate of malignancy with the reclassified AUC‐H (87.18%) compared to the AUC‐US (58.68%) groups.ConclusionThere was no difference in follow‐up between the AUC‐H and AUC‐US, however there was a difference in the rates of malignancy in the two groups. The AUC‐H group is similar to the SHGUC group of the Paris system and can be considered as such, whereas the AUC‐US group should continue to be considered atypical. We conclude that reclassification of the “atypical” category into AUC‐US and AUC‐H/SHGUC can reduce the rate of atypia and help in focused follow‐up and targeted management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:477–482. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and vitamin D: anti‐inflammatory response in diabetic kidney disease in db/db mice and in cultured endothelial cells
Authors: Einbinder Yael , Ohana Meital , Benchetrit Sydney , Zehavi Tania , Nacasch Naomi , Bernheim Jacques , Zitman‐Gal Tali 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is a gut incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion and may affect the inflammatory pathways involved in diabetes mellitus. Calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D, plays an important role in renal, endothelial and cardiovascular protection. We evaluated the anti‐inflammatory and histologic effects of a GLP‐1 analogue (liraglutide) and of calcitriol in a db/db mouse diabetes model and in endothelial cells exposed to a diabetes‐like environment.MethodsDiabetic db/db mice were treated with liraglutide and calcitriol for 14 weeks, after which the kidneys were perfused and removed for mRNA and protein analysis and histology. Endothelial cells were stimulated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs), glucose, liraglutide and calcitriol. Total RNA and protein were extracted and analysed for the expression of selected inflammatory markers.ResultsTypical histological changes, glomerular enlargement and mesangial expansion were seen in db/db mice compared with control mice. Glomerular hypertrophy was ameliorated with liraglutide, compared with db/db controls. Liraglutide up‐regulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression compared with the db/db control group and down‐regulated p65 protein expression. Calcitriol did not further improve the beneficial effect observed on protein expression. In endothelial cells, liraglutide treatment exhibited a dose‐dependent ability to prevent an inflammatory response in the selected markers: thioredoxin‐interacting protein, p65, IL6 and IL8. In most gene and protein expressions, addition of calcitriol did not enhance the effect of liraglutide.ConclusionsThe GLP‐1 analogue liraglutide prevented the inflammatory response observed in endothelial cells exposed to a diabetes‐like environment and in db/db mice at the level of protein expression and significantly ameliorated the glomerular hypertrophy seen in the diabetic control group. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic correlations and little genetic variance for reaction norms may limit potential for adaptation to pollution by ionic and nanoparticulate silver in a whitefish (Salmonidae)
Authors: Clark Emily S. , Pompini Manuel , Uppal Anshu , Wedekind Claus 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFor natural populations to adapt to anthropogenic threats, heritable variation must persist in tolerance traits. Silver nanoparticles, the most widely used engineered nanoparticles, are expected to increase in concentrations in freshwaters. Little is known about how these particles affect wild populations, and whether genetic variation persists in tolerance to permit rapid evolutionary responses. We sampled wild adult whitefish and crossed them in vitro full factorially. In total, 2896 singly raised embryos of 48 families were exposed to two concentrations (0.5 μg/L; 100 μg/L) of differently sized silver nanoparticles or ions (silver nitrate). These doses were not lethal; yet higher concentrations prompted embryos to hatch earlier and at a smaller size. The induced hatching did not vary with nanoparticle size and was stronger in the silver nitrate group. Additive genetic variation for hatching time was significant across all treatments, with no apparent environmental dependencies. No genetic variation was found for hatching plasticity. We found some treatment‐dependent heritable variation for larval length and yolk volume, and one instance of additive genetic variation for the reaction norm on length at hatching. Our assessment suggests that the effects of silver exposure on additive genetic variation vary according to trait and silver source. While the long‐term fitness consequences of low‐level silver exposure on whitefish embryos must be further investigated to determine whether it is, in fact, detrimental, our results suggest that the evolutionary potential for adaptation to these types of pollutants may be low.
Influence of the Method of Aqueous Synthesis and the Nature of the Silicon Precursor on the Physicochemical Properties of Porous Alumina
Authors: Claude Vincent , Vilaseca Miriam , Tatton Andrew S. , Damblon Christian , Lambert Stéphanie D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe aqueous sol‐gel synthesis of γ‐Al2O3 modified with different silicon precursors {trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane and N‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylene diamine} has been investigated. Two parameters have been studied: the silicon addition step and the type of silicon alkoxide. A first observation was that adding a silicon alkoxide either before or just after the precipitation step influences both the crystallinity and structure, whereas adding the alkoxide after a long agitation time only slightly modifies the support properties. It was also highlighted that due to their higher reactivity, silicon precursors with methoxy groups interact more strongly with the bulk alumina than the silicon precursors with ethoxy groups. This difference of Si location in the alumina structure permitted not only their resistance toward phase transition to be increased at high temperature, but also to stabilize them more efficiently against sintering under normal and steam conditions. Among the different silicon alkoxides tested, samples prepared with N‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylene diamine showed very unusual properties. The alumina supports modified with this precursor showed grain‐shaped nanocrystallites, whereas all other samples were platelet‐like. As a result, this sample presented a very narrow pore diameter distribution of around 5 nm and a remarkably high specific surface area (530 m2/g).
Synthesis, Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization of CrIII, FeIII, CoIII, NiII and CuII Complexes with an Asymmetric 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Ligand
Authors: Deckert Christoph , Bittner Denis , Carrella Luca M. , Schollmeyer Dieter , Rentschler Eva 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe reaction of the new asymmetric 1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐based ligand 2‐[(5‐ethylthio‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)hydrazonomethyl]phenol (H1ETHP) with various third‐row transition metal salts resulted in the formation of six new mononuclear complexes [Cr(ETHP)2]ClO4 (1), [Fe(ETHP)2][FeCl4] (2), [Co(ETHP)(ETHP–H)] (3), [Ni(ETHP)(H1ETHP)]Cl (4), [Ni(ETHP)(H1ETHP)](ClO4) (5), [Ni(ETHP)(H1ETHP)]Br (6), and one tetranuclear complex [Cu2Cl3(ETHP)(H1ETHP)]2 (7). H1ETHP and all complexes have been analyzed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Structural analysis of 1–6 reveals complexes of the [ML2]n+‐type (n = 0,1), in which the mono anionic ligand ETHP coordinates in a tridentate NNO fashion via its imine, thiadiazole and phenolate functional groups. Complex 7 has also been investigated by variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements and shows weak antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between the copper centers. The g values for the copper ions in the tetramer were obtained by EPR spectroscopy. All compounds were found to display an extended hydrogen bond network via their N–H or O–H ligand functional groups towards the corresponding counterions, solvent molecules or neighboring complex cations. The connectivity of the complexes results in the formation of supramolecular chains or, in the case of 4, a 3D‐network including large solvent accessible cavities.
α,α′‐Bis(arylimino)‐2,3:5,6‐bis(pentamethylene)pyridylcobalt Chlorides: Synthesis, Characterization, and Ethylene Polymerization Behavior
Authors: Du Shizhen , Zhang Wenjuan , Yue Erlin , Huang Fang , Liang Tongling , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA series of α,α′‐bis(arylimino)‐2,3:5,6‐bis(pentamethylene)pyridylcobalt chlorides was synthesized by the one‐pot template reaction of α,α′‐dioxo‐2,3:5,6‐bis(pentamethylene)pyridine, anilines, and cobalt chloride in refluxing acetic acid. The molecular structure of complex Co1 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, which revealed a distorted square‐pyramidal geometry around the cobalt center. On activation with methylaluminoxane or modified methylaluminoxane, all of the complexes exhibited high activity toward ethylene polymerization with activities in the range of 106 g of polyethylene (PE) per mole of Co per hour and produced highly linear PEs with low molecular weights and narrow polydispersity. The unimodal nature of the PEs indicated single‐site active species of these cobalt catalyst systems. The influences of cobalt complexes and polymerization parameters on the catalytic behavior and the properties of the PEs were investigated in detail.
Tailoring the Energetic Properties of 5‐(5‐Amino‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)tetraz­ole and Its Derivatives by Salt Formation: From Sensitive Primary to Insensitive Secondary Explosives
Authors: Izsák Dániel , Klapötke Thomas M. , Lutter Ferdinand H. , Pflüger Carolin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe main challenge in the development of energetic materials is the combination of high energy content with chemical and mechanical stability, two properties that are often contradictory. The energetic properties of 5‐(5‐amino‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)tetrazole and its derivatives, in which the amino group is substituted by an azido group, a nitro group, or a diazene bridge, should be improved and tailored for possible applications by formation of various nitrogen‐rich and metal salts thereof. The thermal and mechanical sensitivities were determined and the detonation performances of the nitrogen‐rich salts were calculated. Furthermore, the combustion performances of erosion‐reduced gun propellant mixtures of the most promising salts were computed owing to their high nitrogen content and energetic performance. Metal salts of 5‐(5‐azido‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)tetrazole were investigated to test their capability as primary explosives.
Ni(bpy)(cod): A Convenient Entryway into the Efficient Hydroboration of Ketones, Aldehydes, and Imines
Authors: King Amanda E. , Stieber S. Chantal E. , Henson Neil J. , Kozimor Stosh A. , Scott Brian L. , Smythe Nathan C. , Sutton Andrew D. , Gordon John C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe catalytic hydroboration of ketones, aldehydes, and imines with pinacol borane and Ni(bpy)(cod) has been demonstrated in benzene at room temperature and low catalyst loadings (0.03–0.3 mol‐%). Spectroscopic and structural evidence support the formulation of Ni(bpy)(cod) as containing a NiI cation and a bpy·– ligand. The Ni(bpy)(cod) complex reacts quickly with ketonic substrates to form an adduct that appears to function as an entryway into catalytic activity.
Comparison of oil yield and quality obtained by different extraction procedures from salmon (Salmo salar) processing byproducts
Authors: Głowacz‐Różyńska Agnieszka , Tynek Maria , Malinowska‐Pańczyk Edyta , Martysiak‐Żurowska Dorota , Pawłowicz Roman , Kołodziejska Ilona 
Published: March 2016

The content and composition of lipids in different byproducts (skins, heads, and backbones) from mechanically processed farmed Atlantic salmon were determined and compared with that obtained from wild salmon. Three different procedures were used to establish the optimal conditions of oil extraction (at high temperature −95°C, “cold” extraction at temperature not exceeding 15°C and enzyme assisted with Alcalase). “Cold” extraction at temperature not exceeding 15°C was very efficient, yielding almost 95% of the oil from skins. In the case of heads the obtained yield of about 71% was not lower than that from extraction performed at 95 °C or extraction supported by enzyme treatment. The peroxide value of oil isolated from the heads using “cold” extraction was at the same level as in oil of the enzyme assisted process, but four times lower than in oil extracted at high temperature. The results showed that the content of lipids from in the farmed salmon byproducts the content of lipids was about 45–55% higher than in byproducts of wild salmon, however the EPA + DHA content was 10–33% lower.Practical applications: With “cold” extraction heating which is commonly used for oil recovery in the fish industry could be eliminated and thus the cost of the process would be lower and oxidative changes in the oil reduced. Furthermore, this method based on rules of “green chemistry” can be more attractive and alternative procedure of oil isolation from fatty fish byproducts than those using organic solvents. The fatty fish byproducts such as heads, skins, and backbones may be used as a source of valuable oils rich in PUFA. The remaining material after oil isolation can be a source of collagen and gelatin used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries and finally of minerals preparation (in the case of heads and backbones) used for enriching animal feed.The oil was extracted from salmon byproducts: heads, backbones, and skins by using different methods. Conventional extraction of the oil at high temperatures ensures high yield but leads to low quality of the product. Enzymatic extraction is more preserving to oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, but has special requirements. An attractive solution can be the “cold” extraction. This procedure allows achieving the oil from fatty fish byproducts with high yield and quality in a simple and cheap way.
Effects of moisture content and presence of γ‐tocopherol on the stability of α‐tocopherol in stripped corn oils
Authors: Jung Jinyeong , Gim Seo Yeong , Lee Chankyu , Kim Mi‐Ja , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: March 2016

The stability of α‐tocopherol in stripped corn oils with or without added γ‐tocopherol was determined under different levels of relative humidity (RH) ranging from 0 to 93% at 60°C. The degree of oxidation was determined by the headspace oxygen content and conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) assays and the remaining α‐ and γ‐tocopherols were also analyzed. The stability of α‐tocopherol was significantly influenced by the presence of moisture, the concentration of α‐tocopherol, and the presence of γ‐tocopherol. Samples containing up to 100 ppm α‐tocopherol showed the lowest stability under 75% RH whereas those containing 200 ppm α‐tocopherol had the highest stability under 93% RH. Samples under 0% RH had the lowest α‐tocopherol stability in the presence of γ‐tocopherol. Generally, higher concentrations of γ‐tocopherol resulted in the retention of more α‐tocopherol in stripped bulk oils.Practical application: Tocopherol isomers are typical lipophilic antioxidants in oils. Many lipid‐rich foods contain tocopherol isomers to extend the shelf‐life of the products. The stability of α‐tocopherol was significantly influenced by the presence of moisture, the concentration of α‐tocopherol, and the presence of γ‐tocopherol. Generally, higher concentrations of γ‐tocopherol resulted in the retention of more α‐tocopherol in stripped bulk oils. Using the knowledge obtained in this study, shelf‐life of foods containing oils can be enhanced by modifying the moisture content and concentration and types of tocol isomers.Generally, α‐tocopherol and γ‐tocopherol were more stable at RH 32% and RH 75%, respectively in stripped bulk oils.
Concurrent Control of Power Overshoot and Voltage Reversal with Series Connection of Parallel‐Connected Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: An Junyeong , Kim Taeyoung , Chang In Seop 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOne in four microbial fuel cell (MFC) units suffers from power overshoot. Series connection of the unit to a high‐current‐producing unit showed significant current loss (57 %) due to power overshoot and the resultant voltage reversal. To concurrently control the power overshoot and voltage reversal, the two MFC units in series were converted to parallel connection, and this was then connected in series with another parallel‐connected MFC group. The current loss for series connection of the two parallel‐connected MFCs was as small as 3 % compared to the sum of the maximum current of the four individual MFC units, without power overshoot; the anode potentials in the units were kept low between −0.24 V and −0.10 V at which electrochemically active bacteria can be easily grown. These results show that series connection of parallel‐connected MFCs could be a readily applicable way for concurrently controlling the power overshoot and voltage reversal in MFC systems.
Multi‐objective risk‐informed design of floor isolation systems
Authors: Gidaris Ioannis , Taflanidis Alexandros A. , Lopez‐Garcia Diego , Mavroeidis George P. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe design of floor isolation systems (FISs) for the protection of acceleration sensitive contents is examined considering multiple objectives, all quantified in terms of the probabilistic system performance. The competing objectives considered correspond to (i) maximization of the level of protection offered to the sensitive content (acceleration reduction) and (ii) minimization of the demand for the isolator displacement capacity and, more importantly, for the appropriate clearance to avoid collisions with surrounding objects (floor displacement reduction). Both of these objectives are probabilistically characterized utilizing a versatile, simulation‐based framework for quantifying seismic risk, addressing all important uncertainties related to the seismic hazard and the structural model. FIS performance is assessed through time‐history analysis, allowing for all important sources of nonlinearity to be directly addressed in the design framework. The seismic hazard is described through a stochastic ground motion model. For efficiently performing the multi‐objective optimization, an augmented surrogate modeling methodology is established, considering development of a single metamodel with respect to both the uncertain model parameters and the design variables for the FIS system. This surrogate model is then utilized to simultaneously support the probabilistic risk assessment and the design optimization to provide the Pareto front of dominant designs. Each of these designs establishes a different compromise between the considered risk‐related objectives offering a variety of potential options to the designer. Within the illustrative example, the efficiency of the established framework is exploited to compare three different FIS implementations, whereas the impact of structural uncertainties on the optimal design is also evaluated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance‐based seismic design via yield frequency spectra‡
Authors: Vamvatsikos Dimitrios , Aschheim Mark A. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryYield frequency spectra (YFS) are introduced to enable the direct design of a structure subject to a set of seismic performance objectives. YFS offer a unique view of the entire solution space for structural performance. This is portrayed in terms of the mean annual frequency (MAF) of exceeding arbitrary ductility (or displacement) thresholds, versus the base shear strength of a structural system having specified yield displacement and capacity curve shape. YFS can be computed nearly instantaneously using publicly available software or closed‐form solutions, for any system whose response can be satisfactorily approximated by an equivalent nonlinear single‐degree‐of‐freedom oscillator. Because the yield displacement typically is a more stable parameter for performance‐based seismic design compared with the period, the YFS format is especially useful for design. Performance objectives stated in terms of the MAF of exceeding specified ductility (or displacement) thresholds are used to determine the lateral strength that governs the design of the structure. Both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties are considered, the latter at user‐selected confidence levels that can inject the desired conservatism in protecting against different failure modes. Near‐optimal values of design parameters can be determined in many cases in a single step. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.