bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear‐Induced Structural Transitions in a Model Fabric Softener Containing an Esterquat Surfactant
Authors: Calero Nuria , Santos Jenifer , Berjano Manuel , Muñoz José 
Published: March 2016

AbstractProcessing conditions must be rigorously controlled in the production of fabric softener because mechanical energy input during the mixing operation may provoke undesirable structural transitions. Hence, ability to control and modify rheological properties of surfactant systems is an important pre‐requisite for many applications of surfactant formulations. Mixtures of a commercial cationic esterquat‐type surfactant and different concentrations of salt (CaCl2) were rheologically and microscopically characterized. Shear‐induced microstructural transitions have been studied in order to control the formation of vesicles, which is undesirable. The addition of salt allows viscosity to be adjusted and provoked a lack of viscoelastic properties. In addition, a shear thickening effect above a specific value of critical shear rate, which is different for each salt concentration, was observed. This is related to the transition from lamellar bilayer to vesicles. This fact was confirmed by hysteresis‐loop experiments, which showed apparent antithixotropic behaviour. Start‐up flow tests indicated that a minimum value for shear rate and a certain shear time are needed for the formation of shear‐induced structures. After this test, the systems showed viscoelastic properties due to the formation of vesicles.
Fertility preservation through gonadal cryopreservation
Authors: Devi Lalitha , Goel Sandeep 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFertility preservation is an area of immense interest in todayˈs society. The most effective and established means of fertility preservation is cryopreservation of gametes (sperm and oocytes) and embryos. Gonadal cryopreservation is yet another means for fertility preservation, especially if the gonadal function is threatened by premature menopause, gonadotoxic cancer treatment, surgical castration, or diseases. It can also aid in the preservation of germplasm of animals that die before attaining sexual maturity. This is especially of significance for valuable, rare, and endangered animals whose population is affected by high neonatal/juvenile mortality because of diseases, poor management practices, or inbreeding depression. Establishing genome resource banks to conserve the genetic status of wild animals will provide a critical interface between ex‐situ and in‐situ conservation strategies. Cryopreservation of gonads effectively lengthens the genetic lifespan of individuals in a breeding program even after their death and contributes towards germplasm conservation of prized animals. Although the studies on domestic animals are quite promising, there are limitations for developing cryopreservation strategies in wild animals. In this review, we discuss different options for gonadal tissue cryopreservation with respect to humans and to laboratory, domestic, and wild animals. This review also covers recent developments in gonadal tissue cryopreservation and transplantation, providing a systematic view and the advances in the field with the possibility for its application in fertility preservation and for the conservation of germplasm in domestic and wild species.
Raumordnerische Risikovorsorge am Beispiel der Planungsregion Köln
Authors: Greiving Stefan , Hartz Andrea , Hurth Florian , Saad Sascha 
Published: March 2016

With the demonstration project “Preventive Risk Management and Regional Planning” the exemplary development, implementation and documentation of an integrated concept for risk prevention embedded within regional planning was elaborated. The project was based on the concept of risk governance. It was implemented in the case study region of the District of Cologne, which was represented by its departments for regional development, immission control and water management. Within a broader scope of analysis, special attention was paid to critical infrastructures.
For regional planning those risks and hazards are most important that require a cross-sectoral, regional response (see Art. 1 § 1 and Art. 8 § 6 Federal Regional Planning Act), as their impacts or related response strategies are of regional character. Therefore, the following four hazards were selected: river flooding, earthquakes, major accident hazards and heat.
For these four potential dangers hazard and susceptibility classes were defined in accordance with a concept of risk analysis developed by the Federal Office for Civil Protection and Crisis Prevention. Hazard and susceptibility were merged into an integrated risk index. The categorization into hazard classes was the result of a consensus-building process among the project team and the participating experts of the District of Cologne. Furthermore, the team collaboratively defined specific susceptibilities for each land-use function (e. g. residential areas, transport infrastructure etc.) regarding each of the four selected types of hazards.
On this conceptual basis, a GIS-based analysis of the risks that are caused by the selected hazards was conducted. Main results are hazard, susceptibility and risk maps for river floods, earthquakes and major accident hazards—both for the entire region and (with a finer resolution) for selected hot spots. Moreover, the project developed recommendations for regulations on risk management as a basis for the necessary weighting up of risk prevention against other planning concerns. Finally, a roadmap for spatial risk management as an integrated part of a comprehensive regional plan was derived.
The District of Cologne will use the project’s results as an evidence basis for the forthcoming update of the regional plan. This is of particular importance in view of the recent amendment of the EU Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (2014/52/EU) that widened the scope of this assessment to climate change and catastrophic risks.
La taphonomie des enfants de la classe 0-1 an en contexte archéologique, analyse des correspondances multiples
Authors: Cambra P. 
Published: March 2016

Le déficit des sujets périnatals et des nourrissons pose deux interrogations lors des reconstitutions paléodémographiques : l'une sur les pratiques funéraires autour des tout-petits et notamment la précarité de leur sépulture et l'autre sur leur conservation osseuse, en relation directe avec la spécificité squelettique de ces sujets. En effet il y a dislocation des pièces osseuses avec la disparition des points d'ossification. De plus, les effets d'une architecture funéraire conservée ou non et l'empreinte des derniers gestes sur le cadavre sont des données qui entrent dans la discussion sur le mode de décomposition.La présente étude s'appuie sur la fouille minutieuse en laboratoire de quatre sépultures de nouveau-nés sous tuiles canal, et l'analyse des relevés d'un cimetière médiéval à Blandy-les-Tours et des photographies zénithales de tombes à Saint-Rémy-Montlouis.La persistance différentielle des connexions articulaires dans des contextes donnés marqués par l'empreinte des pratiques funéraires sur les vestiges humains a été examinée par analyse des correspondances multiples (ACM). Les résultats sont en étroite relation avec la typologie des articulations indépendamment du milieu de décomposition, a contrario de la variable du traitement du corps.
How are Sensory Features associated with seven anxiety disorders in boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Authors: Bitsika Vicki , Sharpley Christopher F. , Mills Richard 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe association between Sensory Features (SF) and seven anxiety disorders was investigated using self‐reports and parental reports about 140 young males with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Although there were significant correlations between SF and self‐ and parent‐ratings of some of the seven anxiety disorders, overall, SF was found to have an inconsistent association across the seven anxiety disorders and this was also found for the 8 symptoms of Generalised Anxiety Disorder. These data challenge the practice of assessing SF and anxiety via global measures and argue for individualized disorder‐specific assessments to develop more effective diagnoses and treatments for the effects of SF.
Association between the maternal serum levels of 19 eicosanoids and pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Long Anxiong , Ma Shungao , Li Qian , Lin Na , Zhan Xia , Lu Shuaijun , Zhu Yuli , Jiang Liansheng , Tan Longyi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether serum levels of 19 eicosanoids are associated with pre‐eclampsia.MethodsA case–control study was performed using data for pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia, normotensive pregnant women, and nonpregnant women, for all of whom serum samples had been collected at a hospital in Shanghai, China, between December 2012 and December 2013. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure the serum levels of 19 eicosanoids.ResultsOverall, 49 pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia, 26 normotensive pregnant women, and 14 nonpregnant women were included. Women with pre‐eclampsia had significantly higher serum levels of 11,12‐epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12‐EET), the hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids 5‐HETE, 8‐HETE, 12‐HETE, and 15‐HETE, and leukotriene B4 than did women with a normal pregnancy and nonpregnant women, both before and after the onset of pre‐eclampsia (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). Women with severe pre‐eclampsia had significantly higher serum levels of 5‐HETE, 15‐HETE, and leukotriene B4 than did women with mild pre‐eclampsia, women with a normal pregnancy, and nonpregnant women (P < 0.01 for all comparisons).ConclusionThe eicosanoids 11,12‐EET, 5‐HETE, 8‐HETE, 12‐HETE, 15‐HETE, and leukotriene B4 might play important parts in the occurrence and development of pre‐eclampsia.
High‐Risk Stress Fractures: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: McInnis Kelly C. , Ramey Lindsay N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStress fractures are common overuse injuries in athletes. They occur during periods of increased training without adequate rest, disrupting normal bone reparative mechanisms. There are a host of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including biochemical and biomechanical, that put athletes at risk. In most stress fractures, the diagnosis is primarily clinical, with imaging indicated at times, and management focused on symptom‐free relative rest with advancement of activity as tolerated. Overall, stress fractures in athletes have an excellent prognosis for return to sport, with little risk of complication. There is a subset of injuries that have a greater risk of fracture progression, delayed healing, and nonunion and are generally more challenging to treat with nonoperative care. Specific locations of high‐risk stress fracture include the femoral neck (tension side), patella, anterior tibia, medial malleolus, talus, tarsal navicular, proximal fifth metatarsal, and great toe sesamoids. These sites share a characteristic region of high tensile load and low blood flow. High‐risk stress fractures require a more aggressive approach to evaluation, with imaging often necessary, to confirm early and accurate diagnosis and initiate immediate treatment. Treatment consists of nonweight‐bearing immobilization, often with a prolonged period away from sport, and a more methodic and careful reintroduction to athletic activity. These stress fractures may require surgical intervention. A high index of suspicion is essential to avoid delayed diagnosis and optimize outcomes in this subset of stress fractures.
The Evolution of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound in Sports Medicine
Authors: Finnoff Jonathan T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDiagnostic and interventional ultrasound is a rapidly evolving field in sports medicine. The use of ultrasound has increased exponentially during the past decades. This imaging modality is appealing to sports medicine physicians because of its broad diagnostic and interventional capabilities. In sports medicine, the indications for diagnostic ultrasound extend well beyond the musculoskeletal realm to include other conditions such as ocular trauma, thoracoabdominal trauma, and cardiac morphology. Thus, the term “sports ultrasound” has been adopted as a more accurate representation of the broad and unique applications of ultrasound in this specialty. Ultrasound‐guided procedures also have evolved from the commonly performed joint and tendon sheath injections to include ultrasound‐guided surgical procedures. This article will discuss the evolution of diagnostic and interventional ultrasound in sports medicine using a case‐based approach to highlight its many new applications.
Exercise‐Associated Collapse: Is Hyponatremia in Our Head?
Authors: Krabak Brian J. , Parker Kelsey M. , DiGirolamo Anthony 
Published: March 2016

AbstractExercise‐associated hyponatremia (EAH) is one of the most common causes of exercise‐associated collapse. The primary pathogenesis of EAH is largely the result of excessive fluid intake but is influenced by other factors, including hormonal abnormalities (ie, inappropriate arginine vasopressin secretion), renal abnormalities, and mobilization of sodium stores. Early recognition of EAH is crucial to appropriate treatment, because symptoms are varied and may be confused with other causes of exercise‐associated collapse. Onsite testing of [Na+] will confirm the diagnosis but is not always available. Rapid treatment of EAH will depend upon the type and severity of symptoms. Treatment protocols range from fluid restriction or oral hypertonic fluids for mild symptoms to intravenous hypertonic fluids for more severe symptoms. Preventative strategies should emphasize fluid consumption based on thirst and athlete/coach/staff education regarding proper hydration practices.
The Role of Controlled Exercise in Concussion Management
Authors: Leddy John , Hinds Andrea , Sirica Dan , Willer Barry 
Published: March 2016

AbstractConcussion affects the autonomic nervous system and its control of cerebral blood flow, which may be why uncontrolled activity can exacerbate symptoms after concussion. Traditionally, patients have been advised to restrict physical and cognitive activity until all symptoms resolve. However, recent research suggests that prolonged rest beyond the first couple of days after a concussion might hinder rather than aid recovery. Humans do not respond well to removal from their social and physical environments, and sustained rest adversely affects the physiology of concussion and can lead to physical deconditioning and reactive depression. Some animal data show that early forced exercise is detrimental to recovery after concussion, but other animal data show that voluntary exercise is not detrimental to recovery. We developed the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test to systematically evaluate exercise tolerance in persons with prolonged symptoms after concussion (ie, more than 4‐6 weeks, which is called postconcussion syndrome [PCS]). Using a predetermined stopping criterion (symptom‐exacerbation threshold), akin to voluntary exercise in animals, the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test is the only functional test known to safely and reliably reveal exercise intolerance in humans with PCS. The test data are used to develop individualized subthreshold exercise treatment programs to restore the physiology to normal and enhance recovery. Return of normal exercise tolerance can then be used to establish physiological recovery from concussion. New research suggests that absolute rest beyond the first few days after concussion may be detrimental to concussion recovery. However, further research is required to determine the appropriate mode, duration, intensity, and frequency of exercise during the acute recovery phase of a concussion prior to making specific exercise recommendations. For patients with PCS, subsymptom threshold exercise improves activity tolerance and is an appropriate treatment option for this patient population.
Exercise Testing: Who, When, and Why?
Authors: Nelson Nicole , Asplund Chad A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThere are different modalities of exercise testing that can provide valuable information to physicians about patient and athlete fitness and cardiopulmonary status. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is a form of exercise testing that measures ventilatory and gas exchange, heart rate, electrocardiogram, and blood pressures to provide detailed information on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and muscular systems. This testing allows an accurate quantification of functional capacity/measure of exercise tolerance, diagnosis of cardiopulmonary disease, disease‐progression monitoring or response to intervention, and the prescription of exercise and training. CPX directly measures inhaled and exhaled ventilator gases to determine the maximal oxygen uptake, which reflects the body's maximal use of oxygen and defines the limits of the cardiopulmonary system.CPX is the ideal modality to evaluate causes of exertional fatigue and dyspnea, especially in complex cases in which the etiology could be cardiac, pulmonary, or deconditioning. Exercise tolerance has become an important outcome measure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure, as well as other chronic diseases, and is a well‐recognized predictor of mortality. Older athletes or those with underlying medical conditions could benefit from exercise testing for risk stratification and clearance to participate, as well as to help set their training zones and determine their functional limitations.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hip Girdle Pain in the Athlete
Authors: Prather Heidi , Cheng Abby 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEvaluation of an athlete's report of “hip pain” is challenging. Many conditions involving the pelvic girdle can present with overlapping pain distributions, and athletes often may have coexisting disorders. Appropriate evaluation requires thorough, systematic consideration of intra‐articular hip disease, extra‐articular local causes of hip pain, and referred pain from other musculoskeletal or even visceral sources. Although our understanding of intra‐articular hip disorders has been greatly enhanced in recent decades through advances in hip arthroscopy, gaps still exist in our understanding of appropriate treatment, including effective nonsurgical protocols and when to consider surgical intervention. For instance, we have a better understanding of hip dysfunction related to structural changes that occur prior to the onset of arthritis, but we are also learning that correction of the structural changes does not always guarantee a correction of dysfunction and pain. Furthermore, athletes need instruction and guidance in retraining appropriate movement patterns after a surgical intervention. Risk stratification regarding which athletes need surgical intervention and what their needs are after specific surgical procedures remain undefined. In this review we will describe the differential diagnosis of hip and pelvic girdle pain in the athlete and then discuss how to use a history, physical examination, and appropriate imaging and diagnostic injections to arrive at a proper diagnosis. Lastly, a brief discussion is included of key concepts and controversies involved in treating some of the most common hip disorders experienced by athletes.
Opening the Black Box: Evaluating the Pediatric Athlete With Elbow Pain
Authors: Soma David B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEvaluation and treatment of pediatric elbow injuries in sport can be difficult because of the complex anatomy, evolving bony and cartilaginous composition, and multiple varied forces applied during athletic competition. In addition, youth sports are now putting even greater demands on the elbow of young athletes. It is important to understand the risk factors for injury, age‐appropriate conditions affecting the elbow, proper treatment of these conditions, and prevention strategies for elbow injuries in this young athletic population.
High‐Pressure Balloon‐Assisted Stretching of the Coracohumeral Ligament to Determine the Optimal Stretching Positions: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Baek Sora , Lee Kyu Jin , Kim Keewon , Han Seung‐Ho , Lee U‐Young , Lee Kun‐Jai , Chung Sun Gun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe coracohumeral ligament (CHL) is a thick capsular structure and markedly thickened when affected by adhesive capsulitis. Therapeutic stretching is the most commonly applied treatment for adhesive capsulitis, but optimal stretching postures for maximal therapeutic effects on the CHL have not been fully investigated.ObjectiveTo investigate the most effective stretching direction for the CHL by measuring the stretching intensity in 5 different directions and to determine whether the stretching intervention resulted in loosening of the ligament by comparing the changes of CHL tightness before and after stretching.DesignBiomechanical cadaver study.SettingAcademic institution cadaver laboratory.ParticipantsNine fresh frozen cadaveric shoulders.MethodsA high‐pressure balloon catheter inserted under the CHL and intraballoon pressure was measured, to evaluate CHL tightness without ligament damage as well as to augment and monitor stretching intensity. To find the optimal stretching direction, the glenohumeral joint was stretched from the neutral position into 5 directions sequentially under pressure‐monitoring: flexion, extension [EX], external rotation [ER], EX+ER, and EX+ER+adduction [AD] directions.Main Outcome MeasurementsCHL tightness was determined by a surrogate parameter, the additional pressure created by the overlying CHL. The pressure increase (ΔPstr) by a specific directional stretch was considered as the stretching intensity.ResultsΔPstr by the 5 directions were mean (standard deviation) values of 0.03 ± 0.07 atm, 0.87 ± 1.31 atm, 1.13 ± 1.36 atm, 1.49 ± 1.32 atm, and 2.10 ± 1.70 atm, respectively, revealing the highest ΔPstr by the EX+ER+AD stretch (P < .05). The balloon pressure by the overlying CHL was decreased from 0.45 ± 0.35 atm to 0.18 ± 0.14 atm (P = .012) before and after the stretching manipulation.ConclusionsEX+ER+AD of the glenohumeral joint resulted in the greatest increase in balloon pressure, implying that it could be the most effective stretching direction. A series of stretching manipulations assisted with an underlying pressure balloon were capable of decreasing CHL tightness. With further development and modification, high‐pressure balloon‐assisted stretching can be a potential therapeutic option to release tight CHL, including the advantage of augmenting and monitoring stretching intensity.Level of EvidenceII