bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds During the Salt Lake Regional Smoke, Ozone and Aerosol Study (SAMOZA) 2022
Authors: Cope Emily M. , Ketcherside Damien T. , Jin Lixu , Tan Lu , Mansfield Marc , Jones Colleen , Lyman Seth , Jaffe Dan , Hu Lu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe present measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other trace gases taken in Salt Lake City, Utah in August and September 2022. As part of the Salt Lake regional Smoke, Ozone and Aerosol Study (SAMOZA), 35 VOCs were measured with two methods: a proton‐transfer‐reaction time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (PTR‐ToF‐MS) and 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Over two months, the total measured VOCs averaged 32 ± 24 ppb (mean ± standard deviation) with the hourly maximum at 141 ppb, and the total calculated OH reactivity averaged 3.7 ± 3.0 s−1 (maximum at 20.7 s−1). Among them, methanol and ethanol were the most abundant VOCs, making up 42% of the ambient mixing ratio. Isoprene and monoterpenes contributed 25% of the OH reactivity from VOCs, while formaldehyde and acetaldehyde made up another 30%. The positive matrix factorization analysis showed 5 major sources of VOCs, with 32% of abundance being attributed to secondary production/biogenic sources, 44% from the combination of traffic and personal care products, 15% from industrial solvent use, and the rest from biomass burning (10%). Moderate smoke‐impacted days elevated various hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) on average by 45%–217% compared to smoke‐free days. The ratio of OH reactivity from NOx to that from VOCs showed that ozone production was mostly VOC‐limited throughout the campaign, consistent with our modeling study. VOCs and NOx both showed increased OH reactivity due to smoke influence. NOx featured increased reactivity on weekdays compared to weekends, an effect not shown for VOC reactivity during SAMOZA.
Alcohol use disorders after bariatric surgery: a study using linked health claims and survey data
Authors: Riedel Oliver , Braitmaier Malte , Dankhoff Mark , Haug Ulrike , Klein Melanie , Zachariassen Wiebke , Hoyer Jana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have repeatedly reported alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in patients after bariatric surgery (BS). This research field can benefit from studies combining health claims data with survey data.

Methods
Based on a combined retrospective cohort and cross-sectional study, 2151 patients with BS identified in a large health claims database received a questionnaire, by which we assessed the presence of AUDs based on a validated instrument (AUDIT) as well as by ICD-10 codes from the health claims data. We described patients with vs. without AUDs regarding sex, time since surgery, satisfaction with weight loss and health care resource utilization (HCRU).

Results
The majority of patients were female (80.7%) with a median time since surgery of 6 years (Interquartile range: 4–9 years). For the majority of patients, the bariatric intervention was either a RYGB-Bypass (50%) or sleeve gastrectomy (43%). Overall, 3% had at least one AUD diagnosis code in the claims data (men: 5.5%, women: 2.5%). Among men, 43.6% of diagnoses were coded after but not before the surgery (women: 52%). According to AUDIT (completed by 1496 patients), 9.4% of all patients showed at least hazardous/harmful alcohol consumption. Higher scores were associated with sex of the person, longer time since surgery, dissatisfaction with the weight loss and higher HCRU, with contradicting results regarding psychotherapeutic care.

Conclusions
The proportion with AUDs in the study population gives rise to concern as alcohol consumption should be restricted after BS. The results suggest the necessity for close monitoring and post-surgical care.
Effects of spironolactone on exercise blood pressure in patients at increased risk of developing heart failure: report from the HOMAGE trial
Authors: Wei Fang-Fei , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Ferreira João Pedro , González Arantxa , Mariottoni Beatrice , An De-Wei , Verdonschot Job A. J. , Liu Chen , Ahmed Fozia Z. , Petutschnigg Johannes , Rossignol Patrick , Heymans Stephane , Cuthbert Joe , Girerd Nicolas , Clark Andrew L. , Li Yan , Nawrot Tim S. , Díez Javier , Zannad Faiez , Cleland John G. F. , Staessen Jan A. ,   on behalf of the HOMAGE Investigators, Asayama Kei , Bozec Erwan , Brunner La Rocca Hans P. , Cosmi Franco , Cleland John G. F. , Collier Tim , Díez Javier , Edelmann Frank , Ferreira João P. , Girerd Nicolas , Grojean Stephanie , Hazebroek Mark , Heymans Stephane , Hansen Tine W. , Khan Javed , López Begoñia , Latini Roberto , Mariottoni Beatrice , McDonald Ken , Maestre Gladys E. , Moreno María U. , Mamas Mamas A. , Pizard Anne , Pieske Burkert , Petutschnigg Johannes , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Rossignol Patrick , Rouet Philippe , Ravassa Suzanna , Staessen Jan A. , Thijs Lutgarde , Verdonschot Job A. J. , Wei Fang-Fei , Zannad Faiez 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNone of the spironolactone trials in heart failure (HF) assessed the blood pressure (BP) responses to exercise, while conflicting results were reported for exercise capacity. In the HOMAGE trial, 527 patients at increased HF risk were randomized to usual treatment with or without spironolactone (25–50 mg/day). The current substudy included 113 controls and 114 patients assigned spironolactone, who all completed the incremental shuttle walk test at baseline and months 1 and 9. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by EQ5D questionnaire. Between-group differences (spironolactone minus control [Δs]) were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA with adjustment for baseline and, if appropriate, additionally for sex, age and body mass index. Δs in the pre-exercise systolic/diastolic BP were −8.00 mm Hg (95% CI, −11.6 to −4.43)/−0.85 mm Hg (−2.96 to 1.26) at month 1 and −9.58 mm Hg (−14.0 to −5.19)/−3.84 mm Hg (−6.22 to −1.47) at month 9. Δs in the post-exercise systolic/diastolic BP were −8.08 mm Hg (−14.2 to −2.01)/−2.07 mm Hg (−5.79 to 1.65) and −13.3 mm Hg (−19.9 to −6.75)/−4.62 mm Hg (−8.07 to −1.17), respectively. For completed shuttles, Δs at months 1 and 9 were 2.15 (−0.10 to 4.40) and 2.49 (−0.79 to 5.67), respectively. Δs in QoL were not significant. The correlations between the exercise-induced BP increases and the number of completed shuttles were similar in both groups. In conclusion, in patients at increased risk of developing HF, spironolactone reduced the pre- and post-exercise BP, but did not improve exercise capacity or QoL.
Designing a reliable machine learning system for accurately estimating the ultimate condition of FRP-confined concrete
Authors: Alizamir Meysam , Gholampour Aliakbar , Kim Sungwon , Keshtegar Behrooz , Jung Woo-tai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrecisely forecasting how concrete reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) responds under compression is essential for fine-tuning structural designs, ensuring constructions fulfill safety criteria, avoiding overdesigning, and consequently minimizing material expenses and environmental impact. Therefore, this study explores the viability of gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT), random forest (RF), artificial neural network-multilayer perceptron (ANNMLP) and artificial neural network-radial basis function (ANNRBF) in predicting the compressive behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-confined concrete at ultimate. The accuracy of the proposed machine learning approaches was evaluated by comparing them with several empirical models concerning three different measures, including root mean square errors (RMSE), mean absolute errors (MAE), and determination coefficient (R2). In this study, the evaluations were conducted using a substantial collection of axial compression test data involving 765 circular specimens of FRP-confined concrete assembled from published sources. The results indicate that the proposed GBRT algorithm considerably enhances the performance of machine learning models and empirical approaches for predicting strength ratio of confinement (f′cc/f′co) by an average improvement in RMSE as 17.3%, 0.65%, 66.81%, 46.12%, 46.31%, 46.87% and 69.94% compared to RF, ANNMLP, ANNRBF, and four applied empirical models, respectively. It is also found that the proposed ANNMLP algorithm exhibits notable superiority compared to other models in terms of reducing RMSE values as 9.67%, 11.29%, 75.11%, 68.83%, 73.64%, 69.49% and 83.74% compared to GBRT, RF, ANNRBF and four applied empirical models for predicting strain ratio of confinement (εcc/εco), respectively. The superior performance of the GBRT and ANNMLP compared to other methods in predicting the strength and strain ratio confinements is important in evaluating structural integrity, guaranteeing secure functionality, and streamlining engineering plans for effective utilization of FRP confinement in building projects.
Dogs with prior experience of a task still overimitate their caregiver
Authors: Mackie Louise , Huber Ludwig 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDomestic dogs have been shown to copy their caregiver’s actions, including ones which are causally-irrelevant to a physical goal—a behaviour called “overimitation”. In a new overimitation task with a non-food reward, this study investigated “causal misunderstanding”—falsely assuming causally-irrelevant actions to have functional relevancy—as an explanation for dog overimitation (N = 81). By providing dogs with prior experience of the task to learn about the consequences of its irrelevant box-stepping and relevant bucket-opening action to obtain a toy-ball, we tested whether and when dogs would copy their caregiver’s irrelevant-action demonstrations. Dogs with and without prior experience were compared to a third (control) group of dogs, who had neither prior experience nor caregiver demonstrations of the task. Results revealed that the timing of overimitation, rather than its frequency, was closely related to dogs' prior experience: dogs with prior experience attended to their reward first, then interacted with the irrelevant box later (“post-goal overimitation”), while dogs without prior experience first interacted with the irrelevant box (“pre-goal overimitation”). Our results suggest that, when action consequences are understood, dogs are overimitating for a secondary social goal that is clearly distinct from the task goal of obtaining a physical reward.
Global comparison of urban bike-sharing accessibility across 40 cities
Authors: Mahajan Sachit , Argota Sánchez-Vaquerizo Javier 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe global expansion of bike-sharing networks offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly transportation alternative that complements public transit and promotes active, healthy lifestyles. Despite significant research, most studies focus on individual locations, specific environmental or health impacts, or infrastructure elements like bike lanes. Instead, this paper elaborates a comprehensive global comparison of bike-sharing systems by introducing a novel database that aggregates data from 40 cities worldwide. Our study integrates this data with population data and urban metrics to classify these networks topologically and assess their effective coverage concerning the population served and their relation with existing public transit systems. We introduce the “Bike-Share Service Accessibility Index” (BSAI), a new metric to evaluate and compare the performance of bike-sharing networks. Our findings provide valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers, offering data-driven strategies to enhance sustainable urban mobility through better-integrated and more spatially equitable bike-sharing systems.
Stability of networked evolutionary games with payoff perturbation
Authors: Wang Ziyun , Zhao Xiaoyu , Fu Shihua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn networked evolutionary games (NEGs), some elements in the payoff matrix of players may change due to environmental factors. In this article, the stability of NEGs with payoff perturbation is studied using the semi‐tensor product (STP) of matrices, and some new results are given. First, the perturbation of a column of the payoff matrix is considered, and a necessary and sufficient condition to ensure that the transition matrix of the profiles evolution dynamics to remain unchanged is provided. Second, the case that multiple columns of the game profile transition matrix are perturbed is investigated, and a necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of the NEGs is proposed. Finally, the validity of the results is illustrated by an example.
The properties and kinematics of HCN emission across the closest starburst galaxy NGC 253 observed with ALMA
Authors: Bešlić I. , Barnes A. T. , Bigiel F. , Jiménez-Donaire M. J. , Usero A. , Henshaw J. D. , Faesi C. , Leroy A. K. , Rosolowsky E. , den Brok J. S. , Chevance M. , Eibensteiner C. , Grasha K. , Klessen R. S. , Kruijssen J. M. D. , Liu D. , Meidt S. , Neumann J. , Neumann L. , Pan H. , Puschnig J. , Querejeta M. , Schinnerer E. , Williams T. G. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Investigating molecular gas tracers, such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN), to probe higher densities than CO emission across nearby galaxies remains challenging. This is due to the large observing times required to detect HCN at a high sensitivity and spatial resolution. Although approximate kiloparsec scales of HCN maps are available for tens of galaxies, higher-resolution maps still need to be available.
Aims. We aim to study the properties of molecular gas, the contrast in intensity between two tracers that probe different density regimes (the HCN(1–0)/CO(2–1) ratio), and their kinematics across NGC 253, one of the closest starburst galaxies. With its advanced capabilities, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) can map these features at a high resolution across a large field of view and uncover the nature of such dense gas in extragalactic systems.
Methods. We present new ALMA Atacama Compact Array and Total Power (ACA+TP) observations of the HCN emission across NGC 253. The observations cover the inner 8.6′ of the galaxy disk at a spatial resolution of 300 pc. Our study examines the distribution and kinematics of the HCN-traced gas and its relationship with the bulk molecular gas traced by CO(2–1). We analyze the integrated intensity and mean velocity of HCN and CO along each line of sight. We also used the SCOUSE software to perform spectral decomposition, which considers each velocity component separately.
Results. We find that the denser molecular gas traced by HCN piles up in a ring-like structure at a radius of 2 kpc. The HCN emission is enhanced by two orders of magnitude in the central 2 kpc regions, beyond which its intensity decreases with increasing galactocentric distance. The number of components in the HCN spectra shows a robust environmental dependence, with multiple velocity features across the center and bar. The HCN spectra exhibit multiple velocity features across the center and bar, which shows a robust environmental dependence. We have identified an increase in the HCN/CO ratio in these regions, corresponding to a velocity component likely associated with a molecular outflow. We have also discovered that the ratio between the total infrared luminosity and dense gas mass, which is an indicator of the star formation efficiency of dense gas, is anticorrelated with the molecular gas surface density up to approximately 200 M⊙ pc−2. However, beyond this point, the ratio starts to increase.
Conclusions. We argue that using information about spectroscopic features of molecular emission is an important aspect of understanding molecular properties in galaxies.
Cosmic-ray induced sputtering of interstellar formaldehyde ices
Authors: Faure M. , Bacmann A. , Faure A. , Quirico E. , Boduch P. , Domaracka A. , Rothard H. 
Published: September 2024

Context. In the cold and dense regions of the interstellar medium (ISM), for example in prestellar cores, gas-phase chemical abundances undergo a steep decrease due to the freeze-out of molecules onto the dust grain surfaces. While the depletion of many species would bring molecular abundances to undetected levels within short timescales, non-thermal desorption mechanisms such as UV photodesorption or cosmic-ray sputtering allows the return of a fraction of the ice mantle species back to the gas phase and prevents a complete freeze-out in the densest regions. In the last decade much effort has been devoted to understanding the microphysics of desorption and quantifying molecular desorption yields.
Aims. H2CO is a ubiquitous molecule in the ISM and in the gas phase of prestellar cores, and is likely present in ice mantles, but its main desorption mechanism is unknown. In this paper our aim is to quantify the desorption efficiency of H2CO upon cosmic-ray impact in order to determine whether cosmic-ray induced sputtering could account for the H2CO abundance observed in prestellar cores.
Methods. Using a heavy-ion beam as a cosmic-ray analogue at the Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL) accelerator, we irradiated pure H2CO ice films at 10 K under high vacuum conditions and monitored the ice film evolution with infrared spectroscopy and the composition of the sputtered species in the gas phase using mass spectrometry. We derived both the effective and intact sputtering yield of pure H2CO ices. In addition, using IRAM millimetre observations, we also determined the H2CO gas-phase abundance in the prestellar core L1689B.
Results. We find that H2CO easily polymerises under heavy-ion irradiation in the ice, and is also radiolysed into CO and CO2. In the gas phase, the dominant sputtered species is CO and intact H2CO is only a minor species. We determine an intact sputtering yield for pure H2CO ices of 2.5 × 103 molecules ion−1 for an electronic stopping power of Se ∼ 2830 eV (1015 molecules cm−2)−1. The corresponding cosmic-ray sputtering rate is ΓCRD = 1.5 × 1018ζ molecules cm−2 s−1, where ζ is the rate of cosmic-ray ionisation of molecular hydrogen in the ISM. In the frame of a simple steady-state chemical model of freeze-out and non-thermal desorption, we find that this experimental cosmic-ray sputtering rate is too low (by an order of magnitude) to account for the observed H2CO gas-phase abundance we derived in the prestellar core L1689B. We find however that this abundance can be reproduced if we assume that H2CO diluted in CO or CO2 ices co-desorbs at the same sputtering rate as pure CO or pure CO2 ices.
AQUILA: A laboratory facility for the irradiation of astrochemical ice analogs by keV ions
Authors: Rácz R. , Kovács S. T. S. , Lakatos G. , Rahul K. K. , Mifsud D. V. , Herczku P. , Sulik B. , Juhász Z. , Perduk Z. , Ioppolo S. , Mason N. J. , Field T. A. , Biri S. , McCullough R. W. 
Published: September 2024

The detection of various molecular species, including complex organic molecules relevant to biochemical and geochemical processes, in astronomical settings, such as the interstellar medium or the outer solar system, has led to the increased need for a better understanding of the chemistry occurring in these cold regions of space. In this context, the chemistry of ices prepared and processed at cryogenic temperatures has proven to be of particular interest due to the fact that many interstellar molecules are believed to originate within the icy mantles adsorbed on nano- and micro-scale dust particles. The chemistry leading to the formation of such molecules may be initiated by ionizing radiation in the form of galactic cosmic rays or stellar winds, and thus, there has been an increased interest in commissioning experimental setups capable of simulating and better characterizing this solid-phase radiation astrochemistry. In this article, we describe a new facility called AQUILA (Atomki-Queen’s University Ice Laboratory for Astrochemistry), which has been purposefully designed to study the chemical evolution of ices analogous to those that may be found in the dense interstellar medium or the outer solar system as a result of their exposure to keV ion beams. The results of some ion irradiation studies of CH3OH ice at 20 K are discussed to exemplify the experimental capabilities of the AQUILA as well as to highlight its complementary nature to another laboratory astrochemistry setup at our institute.
A voicing rule for non-continuant obstruents in Thebo Tibetan
Authors: Yang Daxue , Tshering Sangsrgyas , Gates Jesse P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Voicing alternation and the function of Tibetan verbal prefixes are two problems that have attracted scholars of
Tibetan and Sino-Tibetan linguistics for over a century. This article presents a voicing rule in Thebo Tibetan and systematically
analyzes the verb paradigm to explain the constraints for this rule and its apparent exceptions. The latter part of this article
analyzes the evolution of the verbal paradigm from Old Tibetan to Thebo, using a model based on exceptions, sound laws, and
analogy, and proposes the derived direction of the irregular verbal alternations in Thebo. The main contribution of this study is
to provide additional evidence in solving the enigma of directionality for voicing alternation in Tibetan.
Named entities as potentially problematic items in corpora
Authors: Kaunisto Mark 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses problems in the interpretation of
corpus data arising from the insufficiencies in the annotation of named
entities. Many corpora nowadays still do not adequately enable corpus users
to set up queries that would exclude items appearing in names when needed to
improve precision of the searches. Through an examination of case studies in
major English language corpora, the chapter highlights the need to carefully
post-process the search results, as irrelevant occurrences of named entities
may pose challenges in the analyses of word frequencies and their
collocational behaviour. The chapter calls for more detailed annotation of
named entities in already available large linguistic corpora and reminds of
the importance of close inspection of the search hits.
Conformal Killing gravity: pp-waves; multiple matter sources
Authors: Barnes Alan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recently Harada proposed a gravitational theory which is of third order in the derivatives of the metric tensor. This attracted some attention particularly as it predicts a late-time transition from cosmological deceleration to accelerated expansion without assuming the presence of dark energy or a non-zero cosmological constant. This theory has been dubbed conformal Killing gravity (CKG). The most general exact solutions of the Harada field equations are known for a number of important physical situations: homogeneous and isotropic cosmological models, static spherically symmetric vacuum and electrovac spacetimes. These are analogues of the well-known FRWL, Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordström metrics of general relativity (GR). In this paper a subclass of pp-waves are studied and the most general exact solution obtained together with its specialization for plane waves. The generalization from GR to Harada’s theory is straightforward. The solutions have Petrov type N or 0 and the Ricci tensor is either zero or the Segré type is [(211)] with zero eigenvalue. For any metric in CKG it is shown that more than one possible matter source can generate the solution. If the metric admits one or more Killing vectors or Killing tensors, the ambiguity in the possible matter sources increases.