bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tooth loss from the perspective of studies employing a life course approach: a systematic review
Authors: Drumond Victor Zanetti , de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , de Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto , Silva Tarcília Aparecida , Mesquita Ricardo Alves , Abreu Lucas Guimarães 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The life course approach scrutinizes factors that shape the development of diseases over time. Tooth loss, which is influenced by social, behavioral and biological factors, can occur at various stages of life and tends to become more prevalent in later years. This systematic review examined the influence of socioeconomic, psychosocial, biological and behavioral adversities in life on the likelihood of tooth loss. Searches were conducted in the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, PsycINFO, Scopus and LILACS databases. Reference management was performed using EndNote online. The risk of bias was appraised using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). The electronic searches yielded 1366 records, 17 of which (13 cohort and four cross-sectional studies) met the inclusion criteria. According to the NOS, all studies had a low risk of bias. Two studies found a link between a lower education and higher incidence of tooth loss and socioeconomic status exerted a significant influence in 47% of the studies. Disadvantaged socioeconomic trajectories and health-related factors, such as smoking, general health perception and oral health behaviors, increased the likelihood of tooth loss. Factors such as dental visits, a history of toothache and exposure to fluoridated water influenced the likelihood of tooth loss. Individuals who experienced adversities in socioeconomic, behavioral and biological aspects throughout their life course were more prone to tooth loss.
Re-politicizing the WHO’s social determinants of health framework
Authors: Karatekin Canan , Gresham Bria , Barnes Andrew J , Corcoran Frederique , Kritzik Rachel , Mason Susan Marshall 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Although the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) framework on social and structural determinants of health and health inequities (SSDHHI) has done much to raise awareness of these determinants, it does not go far enough in considerations of politics and power. The framework has become more de-politicized since its publication, with the definition of social determinants shifting toward downstream and individualized factors. In the meantime, new research fields on legal, commercial and political determinants of health and health inequities have emerged; however, these have not become integrated adequately into broader SSDHHI frameworks. To address these challenges, we argue for a re-politicization and an expansion of the WHO’s framework by including the agents who have power over shaping structural determinants and the ways they use power to shape these determinants. We also provide a more detailed conceptualization of structural determinants to facilitate research. We propose a guideline for evaluating studies according to the extent to which they point upstream versus downstream and incorporate agents and considerations of power. We then use this framework to encourage more research on associations among agents, mechanisms of power, and structural determinants; how changes in structural determinants affect power dynamics among agents; and a wider focus on structural determinants beyond laws and policies, such as broad economic and sociopolitical systems. We also urge researchers to consider societal and institutional forces shaping their research with respect to SSDHHI. Research based on this framework can be used to provide evidence for advocacy for structural changes and to build more just systems that respect the fundamental human right to a healthy life.
Identifying X-chromosome variants associated with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Grunin Michelle , Igo Jr Robert P , Song Yeunjoo E , Blanton Susan H , Pericak-Vance Margaret A , Haines Jonathan L ,   International Age-related Macular Degeneration Genomics Consortium
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose: In genome-wide association studies (GWAS), X chromosome (ChrX) variants are often not investigated. Sex-specific effects and ChrX-specific quality control (QC) are needed to examine these effects. Previous GWAS identified 52 autosomal variants associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) via the International AMD Genomics Consortium (IAMDGC), but did not analyze ChrX. Therefore¸ our goal was to investigate ChrX variants for association with AMD. Methods: We genotyped 29 629 non-Hispanic White (NHW) individuals (M/F:10404/18865; AMD12,087/14723) via a custom chip and imputed after ChrX-specific QC (XWAS 3.0) using the Michigan Imputation Server. Imputation generated 1 221 623 variants on ChrX. Age, informative PCs, and subphenotypes were covariates for logistic association analyses with Fisher’s correction. Gene/pathway analyses were performed with VEGAS, GSEASNP, ICSNPathway, DAVID, and mirPath. Results: Logistic association on NHW individuals with sex correction identified variants in/near the genes SLITRK4, ARHGAP6, FGF13 and DMD associated with AMD (P &lt; 1 × 10−6,Fisher’s combined-corrected). Association testing of the subphenotypes of choroidal neovascularization and geographic atrophy (GA), identified variants in DMD associated with GA (P &lt; 1 × 10−6, Fisher’s combined-corrected). Via gene-based analysis with VEGAS, several genes were associated with AMD (P &lt; 0.05, both truncated tail strength/truncated product P) including SLITRK4 and BHLHB9. Pathway analysis using GSEASNP and DAVID identified genes associated with nervous system development (FDR: P:0.02), and blood coagulation (FDR: P:0.03). Variants in the region of a microRNA (miR) were associated with AMD (P &lt; 0.05, truncated tail strength/truncated product P). Via DIANA mirPath analysis, downstream targets of miRs showed association with brain disorders and fatty acid elongation (P &lt; 0.05). A long noncoding RNA on ChrX near the DMD locus was also associated with AMD (P = 4 × 10−7). Epistatic analysis (t-statistic) for a quantitative trait of AMD vs control including covariates found a suggestive association in the XG gene (P = 2 × 10^−5). Conclusions: Analysis of ChrX variation identifies several potential new locifor AMD risk and these variants nominate novel AMD pathways. Further analysis is needed to refine these results and to understand their biological significance and relationship with AMD development in worldwide populations.
14-3-3 phosphorylation inhibits 14-3-3θ’s ability to regulate LRRK2 kinase activity and toxicity
Authors: Pattanayak Rudradip , Ekkatine Roschongporn , Petit Chad M , Yacoubian Talene A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
LRRK2 mutations are among the most common genetic causes for Parkinson’s disease (PD), and toxicity is associated with increased kinase activity. 14-3-3 proteins are key interactors that regulate LRRK2 kinase activity. Phosphorylation of the 14-3-3θ isoform at S232 is dramatically increased in human PD brains. Here we investigate the impact of 14-3-3θ phosphorylation on its ability to regulate LRRK2 kinase activity. Both wildtype and the non-phosphorylatable S232A 14-3-3θ mutant reduced the kinase activity of wildtype and G2019S LRRK2, whereas the phosphomimetic S232D 14-3-3θ mutant had minimal effects on LRRK2 kinase activity, as determined by measuring autophosphorylation at S1292 and T1503 and Rab10 phosphorylation. However, wildtype and both 14-3-3θ mutants similarly reduced the kinase activity of the R1441G LRRK2 mutant. 14-3-3θ phosphorylation did not promote global dissociation with LRRK2, as determined by co-immunoprecipitation and proximal ligation assays. 14-3-3s interact with LRRK2 at several phosphorylated serine/threonine sites, including T2524 in the C-terminal helix, which can fold back to regulate the kinase domain. Interaction between 14-3-3θ and phosphorylated T2524 LRRK2 was important for 14-3-3θ’s ability to regulate kinase activity, as wildtype and S232A 14-3-3θ failed to reduce the kinase activity of G2019S/T2524A LRRK2. Finally, we found that the S232D mutation failed to protect against G2019S LRRK2-induced neurite shortening in primary cultures, while the S232A mutation was protective. We conclude that 14-3-3θ phosphorylation destabilizes the interaction of 14-3-3θ with LRRK2 at T2524, which consequently promotes LRRK2 kinase activity and toxicity.
Secure messaging telehealth billing in the digital age: moving beyond time-based metrics
Authors: Ko Dong-Gil , Tachinardi Umberto , Warm Eric J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
We proposed adopting billing models for secure messaging (SM) telehealth services that move beyond time-based metrics, focusing on the complexity and clinical expertise involved in patient care.

Materials and Methods
We trained 8 classification machine learning (ML) models using providers’ electronic health record (EHR) audit log data for patient-initiated non-urgent messages. Mixed effect modeling (MEM) analyzed significance.

Results
Accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve scores generally exceeded 0.85, demonstrating robust performance. MEM showed that knowledge domains significantly influenced SM billing, explaining nearly 40% of the variance.

Discussion
This study demonstrates that ML models using EHR audit log data can improve and predict billing in SM telehealth services, supporting billing models that reflect clinical complexity and expertise rather than time-based metrics.

Conclusion
Our research highlights the need for SM billing models beyond time-based metrics, using EHR audit log data to capture the true value of clinical work.
Testing the predictions of reinforcement: long-term empirical data from a damselfly mottled hybrid zone
Authors: Arce-Valdés Luis Rodrigo , Ballén-Guapacha Andrea Viviana , Rivas-Torres Anais , Chávez-Ríos Jesús Ramsés , Wellenreuther Maren , Hansson Bengt , Sánchez Guillén Rosa Ana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Theoretical work suggests that reinforcement can cause the strengthening of prezygotic isolation in sympatry by mitigating the costs of maladaptive hybridization. However, only a handful of studies have simultaneously tested multiple predictions of this theory in natural populations. We investigated reinforcement in a mottled hybrid zone between the damselflies Ischnura elegans and Ischnura graellsii, which are characterized by incomplete and asymmetric reproductive isolation and exhibit reproductive character displacement in mating-related structures. We tested the conditions for reinforcement by quantifying whether hybridization was costly and prezygotic isolation stronger in sympatry compared with allopatry. Additionally, we investigated two specific predictions of reinforcement: (a) greater premating asymmetries in sympatry; and (b) weaker postzygotic isolation in sympatry than in allopatry. Our findings indicate the presence of maladaptive hybrids, which suggests Bateson–Dobzhansky–Müller incompatibilities in allopatry. We also found that reinforcement has strengthened mechanical isolation, at least in one direction in sympatry. We observed evidence for greater premating asymmetries in sympatry than in allopatry, which is consistent with reinforcement. However, fully testing the prediction of weaker postzygotic isolation in sympatry compared to allopatry was hindered by the highly asymmetrical levels of reproductive isolation between the two reciprocal cross directions. Our study highlights a case where reinforcement and heterospecific gene flow exert opposite effects on reproductive isolation between reciprocal crosses, where reinforcement increases reproductive isolation in one direction while gene flow weakens it in the opposite direction.
Streamlining the conduct of cancer clinical trials: new standard data collection practices for National Cancer Institute late-phase clinical studies
Authors: Prindiville Sheila A , Mandrekar Sumithra J , Meropol Neal J , Denicoff Andrea , Grad Oren , Hautala Judith A , Doroshow James H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The increase in the complexity of cancer clinical trials over the past several decades has led to a dramatic growth in trial cost and operational burden. The extent and frequency of data collection, particularly in late-phase trials that enroll many participants, have been major contributors to this problem. The Clinical Trials and Translational Research Advisory Committee of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) recently assessed the effect of these stressors on the NCI National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN) and recommended that data collection in late-phase NCTN trials be limited to data elements essential to address the primary and secondary objectives of the trial. The purpose of this commentary is to describe the rationale for this recommendation, progress toward implementation, and the development of new streamlined standard practices for data collection for late-phase NCTN trials effective January 1, 2025.
Social Media and Deceptive Patterns: A Way Forward for Antitrust Enforcement
Authors: Mattiuzzo Marcela , Nicolini de Morais João Carlos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The digital public sphere's significance, amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighted concerns on how the concentration of market power can shape social interactions. Antitrust, in particular, has faced calls for reform to better serve democratic goals in this context. However, experts disagree on whether antitrust should be geared towards achieving these objectives. This paper discusses antitrust’s potential in fostering a healthier digital public sphere, particularly through the analysis of deceptive patterns deployed by social media platforms and their competition impact. It first discusses how the concept of deceptive patterns should be conceived—as there is no clear definition universally adopted in either academia or enforcement circles. It then moves on to explore ways to align traditional consumer-welfare antitrust analysis with this topic, by reviewing existing deceptive patterns’ literature, looking at existing taxonomies and how they can help clarify effects on consumers, markets, and society, with a narrowed focus on social media. Lastly, it attempts to offer a framework for the assessment of deceptive patterns in social media by antitrust authorities.
Trade-offs in the adaptation strategy of two dominant rhizomatous grasses to sand burial in arid sand dunes
Authors: Tian Jiatai , Dong Yawei , Qian Jianqiang , Tao Jin , Li Dongmei , Xin Zhiming , Zhang Zhiming , Zhu Jinlei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Trade-offs have long been recognized as a crucial ecological strategy for plant species in response to environmental stresses and disturbances. However, it remains unclear whether trade-offs exist among different structures (or functions) of clonal plants in response to aeolian activities in sandy environments. We examined the growth (reproductive vs. vegetative), reproduction (sexual vs. asexual), and bud bank (tiller buds and rhizome buds, representing vertical and horizontal growth potential) characteristics of two dominant rhizomatous grasses (Psammochloa villosa and Phragmites australis) in the arid sand dunes of northwestern China. Our results showed that these two rhizomatous clonal species exhibited significant trade-offs in their adaptation strategies in response to changes in sand burial depth. Specifically, as sand burial depth increased, the clonal species tended to reduce their reproductive growth, sexual reproductive capacity, and horizontal growth potential, as evidenced by reductions in reproductive ramet number and proportion, panicles number, biomass, and their proportions, as well as rhizome bud number, biomass, and their proportions. Conversely, they increased vegetative growth, reproduction, and vertical growth potential, as evidenced by enhancements in vegetative ramet number and proportion, belowground bud number, biomass, and their proportions, and in tiller bud number, biomass, and their proportions. Our study underscores the importance of trade-offs in the adaptation strategies of rhizomatous clonal species in sandy environments where drought stress and aeolian disturbance coexist. Those trade-offs could ensure the population persistence and stability of pioneering psammophytes in sand dunes, which should be considered during sand-fixing and vegetation restoration efforts in arid sand dunes.
From fibers to flowering to metabolites: unlocking hemp (Cannabis sativa) potential with the guidance of novel discoveries and tools
Authors: Pancaldi Francesco , Salentijn Elma M J , Trindade Luisa M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is an ancient crop, but its agricultural adoption has been interrupted to prevent the use of marijuana as a psychoactive drug. Nevertheless, hemp—the C. sativa type with low concentrations of intoxicating Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinoid—is experiencing a resurgence in interest due to loosened cultivation restrictions and its potential as a multipurpose bio-based crop. Hemp has valuable applications, including production of medicines from its non-intoxicating cannabinoids, food, medical, and industrial uses of its seed oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and production of fibers for textiles and industry from its stems. Recently, several hemp genomic and genetic resources have been developed, allowing significant expansion of our knowledge of major hemp traits, such as synthesis of cannabinoids, oil, and fibers, and regulation of flowering and sex determination. Still, hemp is an underimproved crop, and its development will depend on the ability to expand and collectively use the novel resources arising from fast advancements in bioinformatics and plant phenotyping. This review discusses current genetic and genomic knowledge of the most important hemp traits, and provides a perspective on how to further expand such knowledge and tackle hemp improvement with the most up-to-date tools for plant and hemp research.
A Kantian Approach to Psychiatric Diagnosis
Authors: Aftab Awais , Fellowes Sam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sam Fellowes, PhD, is a philosopher based at Lancaster University, UK. He has an MA in History and Philosophy of Science from University of Leeds and PhD in Philosophy of Psychiatry from Lancaster University. He became interested in psychiatric diagnoses after being diagnosed as autistic during his Masters. Since that time, he has been investigating the philosophical status of psychiatric diagnoses: what they are and what do we know of them. Drawing on the philosophical literature on scientific models, Fellowes has explored the status of psychiatric categories and conceptualizes categorical psychiatric diagnoses as idealized models which can be scientifically valuable even when they are not natural kinds.
Psychiatry and the Human Condition
Authors: Aftab Awais , Moncrieff Joanna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Joanna Moncrieff, MD, is Professor of Critical and Social Psychiatry at University College London and works as a consultant in community psychiatry in London. She has researched and written about theories of drug action, drug efficacy, the subjective experience of taking psychiatric drugs, and the history of psychiatry and psychopharmacology. She is one of the founders and the co-chairperson of the Critical Psychiatry Network. Moncrieff’s views on the nature of mental illness and psychopharmacological mechanisms of action are highly influential within the critical psychiatry community. This interview explores the ‘drug-centred model’ of psychopharmacology, how she challenges understanding mental illnesses as diseases and medical disorders, and how she approaches psychiatric work as a critical psychiatrist.
The Politics of Conceptual and Critical Psychiatry
Authors: Aftab Awais , Gipps Richard G. T. , Jones Nev 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Awais Aftab, editor of the series Conversations in Critical Psychiatry, is interviewed by Richard G. T. Gipps and Nev Jones. The discussion focuses on bridging the divide between academic philosophical discussion and psychiatric practice, conceptual competence in psychiatry, the role of philosophy in psychiatry, sociopolitical reform and psychiatric critique, philosophical wisdom, the gap between the fields of philosophy of psychiatry and critical psychiatry, engagement with service user/survivor perspectives and inclusion in psychiatric practice, sources of resistance to pluralism and depolarization, complexities involved in key psychiatric identities, and epistemic justice.
Endoscopic Discectomy
Authors: Petersohn Jeffrey D. , Gupta Mayank , Syed Umar M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The traditional model of surgical treatment of spine disease often requires sizable incisions with division of and/or stripping of paraspinal muscle and resection of bone to allow access to the vertebral canal and foramina for decompression of neural structures. When the post-surgical anatomic integrity of the residual spinal elements is judged structurally inadequate, surgical stabilization of the spine is effected with fusion of spinal segments with a variety of anterior, posterior and 360 techniques using morcellated or cortical bone graft, osteoinductive putty or growth factors such as BMP.
Neuroimaging
Authors: Kelley Mary A. , Bertelson John A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Neuroimaging allows for the evaluation of anatomic and functional changes in the brain as well as the diagnosis of potentially reversible causes of cognitive dysfunction. For these reasons it has become an essential tool in the standard evaluation of patients with neurocognitive impairment. Unless contraindicated, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred modality for structural imaging of the brain. Positron emission tomography (PET) is the primary modality for functional imaging. Now that PET tracers are available to indirectly visualize the presence of amyloid or tau it is increasingly being used. Computed tomography (CT) and dopamine transporter scan imaging may also have utility under variable circumstances discussed in this chapter. Neuroimaging is a complementary tool in the evaluation of patients with cognitive dysfunction and does not serve as a replacement to the role of clinical examination or neuropsychological testing in these patients.
Abortion
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abstract: The 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court determined that access to safe and legal abortions is a fundamental constitutional right protected under the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment. In 1992, the Planned Parenthood v. Casey ruling upheld the right to abortion but allowed for first-trimester restrictions by states. The 2022 Dobbs v. Jackson ruling overruled the previous two decisions and returned the authority to regulate abortion to the people and their elected representatives. The American Medical Association criticized the ruling as violating patient rights and a government intrusion into the healthcare examination room. Practitioners have a moral obligation to promote the patient’s best interests and provide or refer for a legal abortion based on the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. If a practitioner is unwilling to perform a legal abortion due to personal convictions, they must refer the patient to another qualified practitioner nonjudgmentally.