bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing mental orthographic representations in refugee spellers with low literacy: how much input is too much?
Authors: Smyser Heather , Alt Mary 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundWe used two principles of implicit learning, variability and complexity, to train mental orthographic representations in refugee English learners to improve spelling.MethodsTwenty‐eight refugees enrolled in a 10‐week English class were trained on classroom words using stimuli designed to encourage implicit learning. We contrasted high‐variability visual input combined with either high‐linguistic or low‐linguistic complexity, using a short (<5 minute) PowerPoint‐based training. Participants were regularly tested on their spelling and were compared with themselves using single subject design. Individual effect sizes were aggregated across participants, and we used dependent measures t‐tests to compare conditions.ResultsParticipants learned significantly more treated words than control words in the high‐variability/low‐complexity condition, but not in the high‐variability/high‐complexity condition.ConclusionsRefugees can benefit from interventions designed to promote implicit learning but can be overwhelmed by too much input.
Complex Suicide by Self‐stabbing and Drowning: A Case Report and a Review of Literature
Authors: Peyron Pierre‐Antoine , Casper Thierry , Mathieu Olivier , Musizzano Yuri , Baccino Eric 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSharp force injuries and drowning are methods exceptionally combined in complex suicides. We report a challenging case of complex suicide by self‐stabbing and drowning that illustrates the difficulty in discriminating between homicide and suicide in such circumstances of death. The corpse of a young man was found submerged in a river, stabbed nine times with two wounds that had penetrated the thorax and had caused lung injuries and a hemopneumothorax. The postmortem and histological examinations were consistent with a death caused by drowning, but the manner of death still remained undetermined. Police investigation finally concluded to a suicide, although no suicide note had been left and the victim had no underlying diagnosed mental disorder. The parameters that may help distinguish suicide from homicide at the autopsy should be interpreted in light of a thorough forensic investigation to determine the exact manner of death in such a case.
Immunological Analysis and Generation of Dendritic Cells From Lavage Fluid Obtained by Cell‐Free and Concentrated Ascites Reinfusion Therapy
Authors: Ogasawara Masahiro , Miyashita Mamiko , Iida Michio , Fukuhara Takashi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCell‐free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) is an effective treatment for patients with refractory ascites. Cellular components such as cancer cells and blood cells are removed and discarded. The aim of this study was to investigate the alteration of immune cells in lavage fluid and the generation of dendritic cells (DCs) from lavage fluid obtained by CART. Flow cytometry analysis showed a trend toward immunosuppression and impairment in innate immunity in lavage fluid. Immature DCs with downregulation of CD14 and increased antigen‐uptake were generated by culturing monocytes obtained from lavage fluid with GM‐CSF and IL4. Following the culture with proinflammatory mediators, mature DCs with upregulation of CD83 and potent ability of T cell activation were induced. There were no significant phenotypical or functional differences between these DCs and DCs derived from peripheral blood, indicating lavage fluid might be employed for an alternative cellular source for the generation of DCs.
Influence of sedimentation in the absence of macrograzers on recruitment of an annual population of Macrocystis pyrifera in Metri Bay, Chile
Authors: Muth Arley F. , Henríquez‐Tejo Eduardo A. , Buschmann Alejandro H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe effects of sedimentation and substrate orientation on algal and sessile invertebrate assemblages were tested on an annual population of Macrocystis pyrifera in Metri Bay, southern Chile. In the laboratory, M. pyrifera zoospores were seeded on Crepipatella fecunda shells, the primary substrate for M. pyrifera in this system. The seeded shells were deployed at Metri Bay inside cages and were orientated vertically and horizontally under two sedimentation regimes (bottom and suspended). Due to differences in grazer accessibility and the species present between the sedimentation treatments, grazers (>1 cm) were excluded. We followed sporophyte development of M. pyrifera and the natural recruitment of other algal and invertebrate species. Sedimentation rates were significantly higher in the cages attached to the bottom compared to suspended cages (P < 0.001). In total M. pyrifera and three additional algal genera were detected and all algal recruits showed significantly greater recruitment on the horizontally orientated substrate compared to the vertical substrate. Macrocystis pyrifera sporophytes were present only on the horizontal, suspended (less sedimentation) treatment. In contrast, Ulva and Ectocarpus spp. also occurred in the horizontal, high sediment treatment. Invertebrate recruitment (amphipods, barnacles and spirorbids) dominated the vertically oriented shells regardless of sedimentation. Results indicate that high sedimentation negatively affected the development of M. pyrifera sporophytes while other opportunistic species were able to recruit under these conditions.
Omalizumab prevents anaphylaxis and improves symptoms in systemic mastocytosis: Efficacy and safety observations
Authors: Broesby‐Olsen S. , Vestergaard H. , Mortz C. G. , Jensen B. , Havelund T. , Hermann A. P. , Siebenhaar F. , Møller M. B. , Kristensen T. K. , Bindslev‐Jensen C. ,   Mastocytosis Centre Odense University Hospital (MastOUH)
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) may suffer from mast cell (MC) mediator‐related symptoms insufficiently controlled by conventional therapy. Omalizumab is an established treatment in other MC‐driven diseases, but experiences in SM are limited.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in SM.MethodsIn our patient cohort, we evaluated all SM patients treated with omalizumab. A physician global assessment of type and severity of symptoms was performed at baseline, at 3 and 6 months and at latest follow‐up. Quality of life was assessed by visual analogue scale. S‐tryptase and KIT D816V allele burden were monitored.ResultsA total of 14 adult SM patients (10 ISM, 2 BMM, 1 SSM, and 1 ASM‐AHN) received omalizumab with a median duration of 17 months (range: 1‐73 months). One patient was excluded due to concomitant cytoreductive therapy. In the remaining 13 patients, we observed a significant reduction in symptoms, with complete symptom control in five (38.5%), major response in three (23.1%), and a partial response in three (23.1%) patients, whereas two patients (15.4%) withdrew due to subjective side‐effects at first dose. The treatment was most effective for recurrent anaphylaxis and skin symptoms, less for gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Patient‐reported quality of life showed significant improvement. No significant changes in s‐tryptase/KIT D816V allele burden were observed. No severe adverse events were recorded.ConclusionsOmalizumab appears to be a promising treatment option in SM, effectively preventing anaphylaxis and improving chronic MC mediator‐related symptoms, insufficiently controlled by conventional therapy. Controlled studies are needed to substantiate findings.
Quantitative disease progression model of α‐1 proteinase inhibitor therapy on computed tomography lung density in patients with α‐1 antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Tortorici Michael A. , Rogers James A. , Vit Oliver , Bexon Martin , Sandhaus Robert A. , Burdon Jonathan , Chorostowska‐Wynimko Joanna , Thompson Philip , Stocks James , McElvaney Noel G. , Chapman Kenneth R. , Edelman Jonathan M. 
Published: June 2017

AimsEarly‐onset emphysema attributed to α‐1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is frequently overlooked and undertreated. RAPID‐RCT/RAPID‐OLE, the largest clinical trials of purified human α‐1 proteinase inhibitor (A1‐PI; 60 mg kg–1 week–1) therapy completed to date, demonstrated for the first time that A1‐PI is clinically effective in slowing lung tissue loss in AATD. A posthoc pharmacometric analysis was undertaken to further explore dose, exposure and response.MethodsA disease progression model was constructed, utilizing observed A1‐PI exposure and lung density decline rates (measured by computed tomography) from RAPID‐RCT/RAPID‐OLE, to predict effects of population variability and higher doses on A1‐PI exposure and clinical response. Dose–exposure and exposure–response relationships were characterized using nonlinear and linear mixed effects models, respectively. The dose–exposure model predicts summary exposures and not individual concentration kinetics; covariates included baseline serum A1‐PI, forced expiratory volume in 1 s and body weight. The exposure–response model relates A1‐PI exposure to lung density decline rate at varying exposure levels.ResultsA dose of 60 mg kg–1 week–1 achieved trough serum levels >11 μmol l–1 (putative ‘protective threshold’) in ≥98% patients. Dose–exposure–response simulations revealed increasing separation between A1‐PI and placebo in the proportions of patients achieving higher reductions in lung density decline rate; improvements in decline rates ≥0.5 g l–1 year–1 occurred more often in patients receiving A1‐PI: 63 vs. 12%.ConclusionWeight‐based A1‐PI dosing reliably raises serum levels above the 11 μmol l–1 threshold. However, our exposure–response simulations question whether this is the maximal, clinically effective threshold for A1‐PI therapy in AATD. The model suggested higher doses of A1‐PI would yield greater clinical effects.
Subglacial blowouts in western Canada: insights into extreme meltwater pressures and hydrofracturing
Authors: Broughton Paul L. 
Published: June 2017

This study interprets deformations of indurated 10s of metres thick bedrock strata by subglacial meltwater pressures at maximum levels, resulting in types of hydrodynamic structures not previously recognized. The structures provide insights into the range of extreme pressures possible with the backup of meltwaters sufficient to deform multi‐metre thick indurated beds, unlike elsewhere. Subglacial meltwater flows into the subsurface below the 50–100 m thick bitumen platform aquiclude of the Cretaceous Athabasca Oil Sands deposit were driven by the hydraulic head of the 1.5‐km‐thick Laurentide Ice Sheet. These meltwaters over‐pressured the regional Devonian aquifer waters, but the low permeability of the aquifer below the site of the Muskeg River Mine was insufficient to accommodate the voluminous influxes of subglacial meltwater. The resulting meltwater flows backed‐up, resulting in elevating aquifer pressures to maximum levels along the margins of the underlying Devonian Keg River reef mound and within water‐saturated Cretaceous sand beds offset to the east. The meltwater pressure build to extreme levels hydrofractured strata at sites along the margins of the Keg River mound preconditioned by dissolution‐induced subsidence in underlying salt beds. Release of the confining pressure upon withdrawal of the Laurentide Ice Sheet resulted in 45‐m‐high open blowout structures that punctured the bitumen platform at sites above the northern margin of the Keg River mound. Other blowout chimney sites above the southern margin of the mound were plugged because of insufficient pressure build to clear vents of all ejecta. Concurrently, pressured meltwater flows along the eastern margin resulted in dykes that cross‐cut and buckled Devonian limestone beds. Some dykes extended into overlying water‐saturated unconsolidated Cretaceous sand beds, channelling pressured water and hydroplastic mudflows that dissipated the extreme meltwater flow pressures and prevented puncturing of the overlying bitumen platform. These unusual deformation structures in western Canada resulted from catastrophic failure of hydrofractured rock zones responding to extreme meltwater pressures, in contrast to unconsolidated sediment deformations resulting from only moderately elevated meltwater pressures commonly observed elsewhere.
Impacts of media on sexual behaviour and relationships among youth in foster care
Authors: Albertson Katie M. , Moreno Megan A. , Garrison Michelle M. , Evans Yolanda N. , Ahrens Kym R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractYouth in foster care (YFC) are at high risk of negative reproductive and other health outcomes and may be especially vulnerable to negative impacts of media due to early adversity and a lack of stable caregiver relationships. The aim of this project was to explore how access and exposure to media impacts YFC in order to inform future research in this realm and promote resilience in this understudied population. We conducted semistructured interviews with YFC ages 15–21 (n = 22) and focus groups with foster caregivers (n = 86). We used thematic analysis to analyse data for themes related to media. Youth and caregivers described four main themes: (a) impacts of media on youth norms and attitudes, (b) impacts of media on youth behaviour, (c) impacts of youth exposure to pornography, and (d) caregiver monitoring and mediation of media. Data from this study indicate that media has unique, important effects on YFC norms and behaviours, including sexual behaviours. Foster caregivers encounter multiple barriers to monitoring and mediating media use for YFC. Further research is needed to explore differential effects of media on YFC versus non‐YFC in order to develop effective interventions and mitigate potential negative effects of media.
Retrospective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of belatacept with thymoglobulin induction and maintenance everolimus: A single‐center clinical experience
Authors: Wojciechowski David , Chandran Sindhu , Yang Joshua Y. C. , Sarwal Minnie M. , Vincenti Flavio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBelatacept use has been constrained by higher rates of acute rejection. We hypothesized that belatacept with low‐dose rATG and initial mycophenolate maintenance with conversion to everolimus at 1 month post‐transplant ± corticosteroids would improve efficacy and maintain safety. Retrospective single‐center analysis of the first 44 low immunologic risk kidney transplant recipients treated with this regimen. The cohort was 59% male, mean age at transplant of 57 years. Diabetes was the most common cause of ESRD (39%). The mean 1‐year eGFR was 61.4 (SD 18.4) mL/min/1.73 m2. There were five acute cellular rejections (11.4%) that occurred in patients who had changed from everolimus to mycophenolate mofetil due to side effects. Thirty‐two percent developed BK viremia and 12% developed CMV viremia. There were no cases of PTLD. A novel belatacept regimen with rATG induction and maintenance everolimus demonstrated a low acute rejection rate and maintained an excellent 1‐year eGFR.
Impact of early conversion from cyclosporin to everolimus on left ventricular mass index: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Krishnan Anoushka , Teixeira‐Pinto Armando , Chan Doris , Chakera Aron , Dogra Gursharan , Boudville Neil , Irish Ashley , Morgan Kelly , Phillips Jessica , Wong Germaine , Lim Wai H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis is an 18‐month prospective, randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to compare the effect of early conversion from cyclosporin to everolimus/mycophenolic acid (E‐MPA) between 3 and 4 months post‐transplant to cyclosporin/mycophenolic acid (CsA‐MPA) on left ventricular mass index (LVMI) at 3 and 18 months post‐transplant (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), viral infection, and adverse events. Twenty‐four patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to E‐MPA or CsA‐MPA groups. There were no significant differences in mean (SD) LVMI at 3 (51.6±18.5 vs 53.7±15.7 g/m2.7) and 18 months (52.7±16.3 vs 51.7±16.8 g/m2.7) between CsA‐MPA and E‐MPA groups. The incidence of viral infections was reduced in E‐MPA compared to CsA‐MPA treatment groups (8% vs 50%, P=.02), but the incidences of acute rejection, adverse events, and drug discontinuation were similar between groups. There was an overall increase in eGFR with time (0.04 log‐ mL/min/1.73 m2 per 6 months, P=.012) but no significant difference between the two groups across time (0.11 log‐ mL/min/1.73 m2, P=.311). Immunosuppressive regimen comprising early conversion from cyclosporine to everolimus was not associated with a regression of LVMI, but a lower risk of viral infections was observed.
Cyclic AMP‐regulated opposing and parallel effects of serotonin and dopamine on phototaxis in the Marmorkrebs (marbled crayfish)
Authors: Shiratori Chihiro , Suzuki Nanoka , Momohara Yuto , Shiraishi Kyosuke , Aonuma Hitoshi , Nagayama Toshiki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPhototactic behaviours are observed from prokaryotes to amphibians and are a basic form of orientation. We showed that the marbled crayfish displays phototaxis in which the behavioural response reversed from negative to positive depending on external light conditions. Animals reared in a 12‐L/12‐D light cycle showed negative phototaxis during daytime and positive phototaxis during night‐time. Animals reared under constant light conditioning showed negative phototaxis during day‐ and night‐time, while animals reared under constant dark conditioning showed positive phototaxis during day‐ and night‐time. Injection of serotonin leads to a reversal of negative to positive phototaxis in both light/dark‐reared and light/light‐reared animals while injection of dopamine induced reversed negative phototaxis in dark/dark‐reared animals. Four hours of dark adaptation were enough for light/dark‐reared animals to reverse phototaxis from negative to positive. Injection of a serotonin 5HT1 receptor antagonist blocked the reverse phototaxis while serotonin 5HT2 receptor antagonists had no effects. Similarly, dark/dark‐reared animals reversed to showing negative phototaxis after 4 h of light adaptation. Injection of a dopamine DA1 receptor antagonist blocked this reverse phototaxis, while dopamine DA2 receptor antagonists had no effects. Injection of a cAMP analogue into light/dark‐reared animals blocked reverse phototaxis after dark adaptation, while adenylate cyclase inhibitor in dark/dark‐reared animals blocked reverse phototaxis after light adaptation. These results strongly suggest that serotonin mediates positive phototaxis owing to decreased cAMP levels, while dopamine‐mediated negative phototaxis occurs due to increased cAMP levels. Supporting this, the ratio of serotonin to dopamine in the brain was much higher in dark/dark‐reared than light/dark‐reared animals.
Clinical characterization of dystonia in adult patients with Huntington's disease
Authors: van de Zande N. A. , Massey T. H. , McLauchlan D. , Pryce Roberts A. , Zutt R. , Wardle M. , Payne G. C. , Clenaghan C. , Tijssen M. A. J. , Rosser A. E. , Peall K. J. 
Published: June 2017

Background and purposeHuntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative movement disorder, typically characterized by chorea. Dystonia is also recognized as part of the HD motor phenotype, although little work detailing its prevalence, distribution, severity and impact on functional capacity has been published to date.MethodsPatients (>18 years of age) were recruited from the Cardiff (UK) HD clinic, each undergoing a standardized videotaped clinical examination and series of functional assessment questionnaires (Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale, Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale and modified version of the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale). The presence and severity of dystonia were scored by four independent neurologists using the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale and Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale. Statistical analysis included Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon test, anova and calculation of correlation coefficients where appropriate.ResultsForty‐eight patients [91% (48/53)] demonstrated evidence of dystonia, with the highest prevalence in the left upper limb (n = 44, 83%), right upper limb most severely affected and eyes least affected. Statistically significant positive correlations (P < 0.05) were observed between dystonia severity and increasing HD disease stage and motor disease duration. Deterioration in functional capacity also correlated with increasing dystonia severity. No significant relationship was observed with age at motor symptom onset or CAG repeat length.ConclusionsWe report a high prevalence of dystonia in adult patients with HD, with worsening dystonia severity with increasing HD disease stage and motor disease duration. The recognition and management of dystonic symptoms in routine clinical practice will aid overall symptomatic treatment and functional improvement.
Using Search Engines to Investigate Shared Migraine Experiences
Authors: Burns Sara M. , Turner Dana P. , Sexton Katherine E. , Deng Hao , Houle Timothy T. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate migraine patterns in the United States using Google search data and utilize this information to better understand societal‐level trends. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate time‐series relationships between migraines and social factors.BackgroundExtensive research has been done on clinical factors associated with migraines, yet population‐level social factors have not been widely explored. Migraine internet search data may provide insight into migraine trends beyond information that can be gleaned from other sources.MethodsIn this longitudinal analysis of open access data, we performed a time‐series analysis in which about 12 years of Google Trends data (January 1, 2004 to August 15, 2016) were assessed. Data points were captured at a daily level and Google's 0‐100 adjusted scale was used as the primary outcome to enable the comparison of relative popularity in the migraine search term. We hypothesized that the volume of relative migraine Google searches would be affected by societal aspects such as day of the week, holidays, and novel social events.ResultsSeveral recurrent social factors that drive migraine searches were identified. Of these, day of the week had the most significant impact on the volume of Google migraine searches. On average, Mondays accumulated 13.31 higher relative search volume than Fridays (95% CI: 11.12‐15.51, P ≤ .001). Surprisingly, holidays were associated with lower relative migraine search volumes. Christmas Day had 13.84 lower relative search volumes (95% CI: 6.26‐21.43, P ≤ .001) and Thanks giving had 20.18 lower relative search volumes (95% CI: 12.55‐27.82, P ≤ .001) than days that were not holidays. Certain novel social events and extreme weather also appear to be associated with relative migraine Google search volume.ConclusionsSocial factors play a crucial role in explaining population level migraine patterns, and thus, warrant further exploration.