bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose modifications in Asian cancer patients with hepatic dysfunction receiving weekly docetaxel: A prospective pharmacokinetic and safety study
Authors: Syn Nicholas Li‐Xun , Wang Lingzhi , Wong Andrea Li‐Ann , Soe Mu‐Yar , Chuah Benjamin , Chan Daniel , Tan Sing‐Huang , Soo Ross Andrew , Lee Soo‐Chin , Goh Boon‐Cher , Yong Wei‐Peng 
Published: December 2015

Hepatic dysfunction may modify the safety profile and pharmacokinetics of docetaxel in cancer patients, but no validated guideline exists to guide dose modification necessitated by this uncommon comorbidity. We carried out the first prospective study of a personalized dosage regimen for cancer patients with liver dysfunction treated with docetaxel. Weekly dosages were stratified by hepatic dysfunction classification as such: Category 1, normal; Category 2, mild – alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and/or alanine aminotransferase ≤5× upper limit of normal (ULN), and total bilirubin within normal range; and Category 3, moderate – any alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase ≤5–10× ULN, and/or total bilirubin ≤1–1.5× ULN. Category 1, 2 and 3 patients received starting dosages of 40, 30, and 20 mg/m2 docetaxel, respectively. Pharmacokinetics were evaluated on day 1 and 8 of the first treatment cycle, and entered into a multilevel model to delineate interindividual and interoccasion variability. Adverse event evaluation was carried out weekly for two treatment cycles. We found that docetaxel clearance was significantly different between patient categories (P < 0.001). Median clearance was 22.8, 16.4, and 11.3 L/h/m2 in Categories 1, 2, and 3, respectively, representing 28% and 50% reduced clearance in mild and moderate liver dysfunction patients, respectively. However, docetaxel exposure (area under the concentration–time curve) and docetaxel‐induced neutropenia (nadir and the maximum percentage decrease in neutrophil count) were not significantly different between categories. Median area under the concentration–time curve was 1.74, 1.83, and 1.77 mg·h/L in Categories 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The most common Grade 3/4 toxicity was neutropenia (30.0%). An unplanned comparison with the Child–Pugh and National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group grouping systems suggests that the proposed classification system appears to more effectively discriminate patients by docetaxel clearance and dose requirements. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT00703378).
Cross‐Cultural Perspectives on Declarative and Nondeclarative Memory From Infancy to Early Childhood
Authors: Kolling Thorsten , Graf Frauke , Knopf Monika 
Published: December 2015

AbstractExtending studies on memory development in childhood that focus primarily on participants from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic societies and, to a minor extent, from non‐Western societies, in this article, we explore how cultural contexts influence the development of declarative and nondeclarative memory from infancy to childhood. Results show that nondeclarative memory in infants and children growing up in different cultures (Western middle class vs. Cameroonian Nso) develops more similarly than declarative memory. Against the background of these findings, we present ideas to guide cross‐cultural memory research in infants and preverbal children.
The response to nasal allergen provocation with grass pollen is reduced in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis and grass sensitization
Authors: Calus L. , Devuyst L. , Van Zele T. , De Ruyck N. , Derycke L. , Bachert C. , Gevaert P. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe majority of grass pollen–sensitized rhinitis patients develops allergic symptoms when exposed to the causal allergen and shows a positive nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT). Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) patients, also characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and local IgE production, can suffer from comorbid inhalant allergy, but may show a different response to allergens.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the allergic response to grass pollen allergens by NAPT in grass pollen–sensitized CRSwNP patients.MethodsTwelve grass pollen–sensitized CRSwNP patients underwent NAPT with grass pollen and were compared with 12 grass pollen allergic rhinitis patients, 12 control patients and 12 CRSwNP patients without grass pollen sensitization. A positive NAPT was based on change in nasal airflow and symptoms. Further, VAS scores of different symptoms were noted before and after NAPT. Biomarkers such as total IgE, grass pollen–specific IgE and tryptase were measured in serum and nasal secretions.ResultsNAPT was positive in 6 of 12 of the grass pollen–sensitized CRSwNP patients, and another four patients developed allergic symptoms not fulfilling the criteria of positivity. In contrast, all patients with allergic rhinitis developed a positive provocation test, whereas in the control group one of the patients and in the non‐sensitized CRSwNP group two of the patients developed a positive provocation test.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThese results show that allergen exposure induces an attenuated clinical response in patients with CRSwNP and sensitization to grass pollen as compared with grass pollen allergic rhinitis patients.
Subtype prediction in primary aldosteronism: measurement of circadian variation of adrenocortical hormones and 24‐h urinary aldosterone
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroki , Haketa Akira , Ueno Takahiro , Suzuki Ryo , Aoi Noriko , Ikeda Yukihiro , Tahira Kazunobu , Hatanaka Yoshinari , Tanaka Sho , Otsuka Hiromasa , Abe Masanori , Fukuda Noboru , Soma Masayoshi 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectiveCurrently, adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the only reliable method to distinguish unilateral from bilateral hyperaldosteronism in primary aldosteronism (PA). However, AVS is costly and time‐consuming compared with simple blood tests. In this study, we conducted a retrospective study to determine whether circadian variation in plasma adrenocortical hormone levels (i.e. aldosterone, cortisol and ACTH) and a 24‐h urinary aldosterone could contribute to the clinical differentiation between unilateral hyperaldosteronism (UHA) and bilateral hyperaldosteronism (BHA).DesignIn 64 patients who were diagnosed with PA and underwent AVS, 32 and 22 patients were diagnosed with UHA and BHA, respectively. Plasma adrenocortical hormone levels at 0:00, 6:00, 12:00 and 18:00 and 24‐h urinary aldosterone under a condition of 6 g daily dietary sodium chloride intake were measured.ResultsBaseline plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and 24‐h urinary aldosterone level in patients with UHA were significantly higher than in patients with BHA, particularly at 6:00. The area under the ROC curve for PAC at 0:00, 6:00, 12:00 and 18:00 and 24‐h urinary aldosterone to discriminate UHA and BHA was 0·839 [95% confidence interval (CI); 0·73−0·95], 0·922 (95% CI; 0·85−1·00), 0·875 (95% CI; 0·78−0·97), 0·811 (95% CI; 0·69−0·93), 0·898 (95% CI; 0·81−0·99), respectively.ConclusionsPAC at different blood sampling times and 24‐h urinary aldosterone level may be diagnostically helpful in discriminating between UHA and BHA. We believe that these tests could reduce the number of unnecessary AVS procedures.
Impact of diabetes mellitus on the ocular surface: a review
Authors: Misra Stuti L , Braatvedt Geoffrey D , Patel Dipika V 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAlthough diabetes mellitus is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide, ocular surface complications are still largely believed to be uncommon. Although these complications are not often sight threatening, the general well‐being of patients and the cost of their health care can be respectively compromised and added by them. Over the last decade, an association of ocular surface complications (in particular reduced corneal sub‐basal nerve density and corneal sensitivity) with peripheral neuropathy has emerged, which could help recognize the development of peripheral complications at an earlier stage and also provide research opportunities for examining new treatment modalities of diabetic neuropathies. The ocular surface complications of diabetes mellitus and their association with peripheral neuropathy are reviewed by this report.
Long‐term clinical results of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation to correct myopia
Authors: Lee Jongsoo , Kim Younghee , Park Saekwang , Bae Jungae , Lee Seunguk , Park Youngmin , Lee Jonghun , Lee Ji‐Eun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine whether implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation to correct myopia is an effective and safe surgical option even after long‐term follow up.DesignA retrospective observational study was carried out.ParticipantsA total of 281 eyes of 145 myopic patients were included in the study.MethodsPatients underwent ICL implantation and had the follow‐up period of at least 5 years (87 ± 18.9 months).Main Outcome MeasuresOutcome measures included uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities, refraction for the evaluation of efficacy, safety, stability and predictability, ICL vault and adverse events.ResultsThe final mean logMAR uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities were 0.02 ± 0.19 and −0.12 ± 0.13, respectively. The mean efficacy and safety indices were 1.04 ± 0.32 and 1.20 ± 0.26. The mean spherical equivalent decreased from −8.74 ± 2.27 diopter (D) to −0.58 ± 0.72 D, and there was high predictability with 69.8% and 87.2% having a postoperative refraction within 0.5 D and 1.0 D, respectively. The mean postoperative vault was changed from 2.53 ± 0.6 to 2.00 ± 0.7. Six (2.1%) eyes developed cataract, and the mean endothelial cell loss was 7.8 ± 8.3%. Increased intraocular pressure was found in two (0.7%) eyes that required the exchange of lenses with different sizes.ConclusionsImplantable collamer lens implantation to correct myopia was an effective and safe surgery with high predictability and stability during long‐term follow up. Slight myopic shift and cataract formation related with change in vault should be further evaluated.
Measurement properties of multidimensional patient‐reported outcome measures in neurodisability: a systematic review of evaluation studies
Authors: Janssens Astrid , Rogers Morwenna , Gumm Rebecca , Jenkinson Crispin , Tennant Alan , Logan Stuart , Morris Christopher 
Published: December 2015

AimTo identify and appraise the quality of studies that primarily assessed the measurement properties of English language versions of multidimensional patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) when evaluated with children with neurodisability, and to summarize this evidence.MethodMEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO,CINAHL,AMED, and the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database were searched. The methodological quality of the papers was assessed using theCOnsensus‐based Standards for selection of health MeasurementINstruments checklist. Evidence of content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, proxy reliability, responsiveness, and precision was extracted and judged against standardized reference criteria.ResultsWe identified 48 studies of mostly fair to good methodological quality: 37 papers for seven genericPROMs (CHIP,CHQ,CQoL,KIDSCREEN, PedsQL,SLSS, andYQOL), seven papers for two chronic–genericPROMs (DISABKIDSand Neuro‐QOL), and four papers for three preference‐based measures (HUI,EQ‐5D‐Y, andCHSCS‐PS).InterpretationOn the basis of this appraisal, theDISABKIDSappears to have more supportive evidence in samples of children with neurodisability. The overall lack of evidence for responsiveness and measurement error is a concern when using these instruments to measure change, or to interpret the findings of studies in which thesePROMs have been used to assess change.
Detection of Left Atrium Myopathy Using Two‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Patients with End‐Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis Therapy
Authors: Hassanin Noha , Alkemary Alkhateeb 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundLeft atrium (LA) deformation analysis by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) has recently been proposed to evaluate left ventricular (LV) filling pressure in dialysis patients.AimThe purpose of this study was to study the LA function in dialysis patients using two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography correlated to prevalence of atrial fibrillation, echocardiographically pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and right ventricle systolic pressure.MethodsHundred adult patients aged 49.3 ± 13.9 years on regular hemodialysis and 40 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Left ventricular dimensions, ejection fraction, and mass index were studied. Left atrium volume index (LAVI) was calculated by dividing left atrium volumes by body surface area. Left ventricle filling pressure was evaluated according to E/E'. Left atrium global systolic strain (LASS) was studied using 2DSTE. Left atrium stiffness was calculated noninvasively based on the ratio of E/E' to LASS. Right ventricle systolic pressure was estimated with the Bernoulli equation formula.ResultsLeft atrium diameter, left ventricle indexed mass, mitral (E/E'), and LA stiffness were increased in dialysis group 4.4 ± 0.2 cm, 126.5 ± 24.6 g/m2, 16.9 ± 4.4, and 0.5 ± 0.1, respectively, P < 0.001 for all. Left atrium systolic strain was significantly decreased in dialysis patients (26.6 ± 1.9 vs. 33.7 ± 2.1%, P < 0.001). Left atrium stiffness was significantly higher in dialysis patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) compared to those without AF.ConclusionAssessment of LA deformation parameters predicts LV diastolic dysfunction and right ventricle systolic pressure in dialysis patients. Left atrium function in dialysis patients was impaired before the occurrence of left atrium dilatation.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction with Early Systolic Dysfunction Using Two‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Canine Heart Failure Model
Authors: Wu Wei‐Chun , Ma Hong , Xie Rong‐Ai , Gao Li‐Jian , Tang Yue , Wang Hao 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThis study evaluated the role of two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) for predicting left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction in pacing‐induced canine heart failure.MethodsPacing systems were implanted in 8 adult mongrel dogs, and continuous rapid right ventricular pacing (RVP, 240 beats/min) was maintained for 2 weeks. The obtained measurements from 2DSTE included global strain rate during early diastole (SRe) and during late diastole (SRa) in the longitudinal (L‐SRe, L‐SRa), circumferential (C‐SRe, C‐SRa), and radial directions (R‐SRe, R‐SRa). Changes in heart morphology were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy at 2 weeks.ResultsThe onset of LV diastolic dysfunction with early systolic dysfunction occurred 3 days after RVP initiation. Most of the strain rate imaging indices were altered at 1 or 3 days after RVP onset and continued to worsen until heart failure developed. Light and transmission electron microscopy showed myocardial vacuolar degeneration and mitochondrial swelling in the left ventricular at 2 weeks after RVP onset. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that parameters of conventional echocardiography and 2DSTE showed moderate correlation with LV pressure parameters, including (r = 0.58, P < 0.01), L‐SRe (r = −0.58, P < 0.01), E/L‐SRe (r = 0.65, P < 0.01), and R‐SRe (r = 0.53, P < 0.01). ROC curves analysis showed that these indices of conventional echocardiography and strain rate imaging could effectively predict LV diastolic dysfunction (area under the curve: 0.78; L‐SRe 0.84; E/L‐SRe 0.80; R‐SRe 0.80).Conclusion2DSTE was a sensitive and accurate technique that could be used for predicting LV diastolic dysfunction in canine heart failure model.
Bumetanide reduces seizure progression and the development of pharmacoresistant status epilepticus
Authors: Sivakumaran Sudhir , Maguire Jamie 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectiveWe investigated the role of chloride homeostasis in seizure progression and development of pharmacoresistant status epilepticus (SE) by pharmacologically targeting the Na‐K‐Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) with bumetanide. We also investigated the ability of bumetanide to restore the efficacy of diazepam followingSE.MethodsKainic acid (KA)–inducedSEin vivo and 0‐Mg2+‐induced seizure‐like events (SLEs) in vitro were monitored using electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in freely moving adult male mice and extracellular field potential recordings in acute entorhinal cortex‐hippocampus slices, respectively. The ability of bumetanide to decrease epileptiform activity and prevent the development of pharmacoresistance to diazepam followingSEwas evaluated.ResultsBumetanide treatment significantly reducedKA‐induced ictal activity in vivo andSLEs in vitro. In addition, bumetanide restored the efficacy of diazepam in decreasing ictal activity followingSEin both the in vivo and in vitro models.SignificanceOur data demonstrate an anticonvulsant effect of bumetanide onKA‐induced seizures in adult mice, suggesting a role for chloride plasticity in seizure progression. These data also demonstrate that the erosion of inhibition during seizure progression could underlie the development of pharmacoresistantSEand implicate a role for chloride plasticity in this process.
Drought stress limits the geographic ranges of two tree species via different physiological mechanisms
Authors: Anderegg Leander D. L. , HilleRisLambers Janneke 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRange shifts are among the most ubiquitous ecological responses to anthropogenic climate change and have large consequences for ecosystems. Unfortunately, the ecophysiological forces that constrain range boundaries are poorly understood, making it difficult to mechanistically project range shifts. To explore the physiological mechanisms by which drought stress controls dry range boundaries in trees, we quantified elevational variation in drought tolerance and in drought avoidance‐related functional traits of a widespread gymnosperm (ponderosa pine – Pinus ponderosa) and angiosperm (trembling aspen – Populus tremuloides) tree species in the southwestern USA. Specifically, we quantified tree‐to‐tree variation in growth, water stress (predawn and midday xylem tension), drought avoidance traits (branch conductivity, leaf/needle size, tree height, leaf area‐to‐sapwood area ratio), and drought tolerance traits (xylem resistance to embolism, hydraulic safety margin, wood density) at the range margins and range center of each species. Although water stress increased and growth declined strongly at lower range margins of both species, ponderosa pine and aspen showed contrasting patterns of clinal trait variation. Trembling aspen increased its drought tolerance at its dry range edge by growing stronger but more carbon dense branch and leaf tissues, implying an increased cost of growth at its range boundary. By contrast, ponderosa pine showed little elevational variation in drought‐related traits but avoided drought stress at low elevations by limiting transpiration through stomatal closure, such that its dry range boundary is associated with limited carbon assimilation even in average climatic conditions. Thus, the same climatic factor (drought) may drive range boundaries through different physiological mechanisms – a result that has important implications for process‐based modeling approaches to tree biogeography. Further, we show that comparing intraspecific patterns of trait variation across ranges, something rarely done in a range‐limit context, helps elucidate a mechanistic understanding of range constraints.
Efficacy of antimicrobial solutions against polymicrobial root canal biofilm
Authors: Ruiz‐Linares M. , Aguado‐Pérez B. , Baca P. , Arias‐Moliz M. T. , Ferrer‐Luque C. M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the antibiofilm activity of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 2% alexidine (ALX) and 0.2% cetrimide (CTR) alone and in combination on mature polymicrobial root canal biofilms on human dentine using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).MethodologyTwenty‐eight human dentine specimens were infected for 21 days with microbial samples collected from infected root canals of three volunteers. Antibiofilm activity of the irrigating solutions was evaluated after 3 min of contact time under CLSM. For quantification purposes, bioimage_L software was used. The variables evaluated were the log10 of total biovolume (μm3) and percentage of live cells (green) population. Statistical analysis of both variables was performed using an anova test and a post hoc Duncan test to determine significant clusters amongst groups. The variable green population percentage was previously subjected to the normalized Anscombe transformation.ResultsThe NaOCl group had a total biovolume and percentage of live cells significantly lower than the other groups (P ˂ 0.001). The addition of 0.2% CTR significantly increased the antimicrobial effect of 2% CHX (P ˂ 0.001). There were no significant differences between 0.2% CTR, 2% ALX and the combination of both (P ˂ 0.05).ConclusionsOverall, 2.5% NaOCl dissolved and killed bacteria significantly more efficiently when used against polymicrobial mature biofilm on human dentine. Cetrimide improved the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine and alexidine.
Morphological characterization and molecular mapping of an irradiation‐induced Speckled mutant in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Tan D. , Tong X.‐L. , Hu H. , Wu S.‐Y. , Li C.‐L. , Xiong G. , Xiang Z.‐H. , Dai F.‐Y. , Lu C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSpeckled (Spc), an X‐ray‐induced lethal mutant of Bombyx mori, exhibits a mosaic dark‐brown‐spotted larval epidermis in both sexes and egg‐laying problems only in females. Here, we report the morphological characterization and molecular mapping of the Spc mutant. Morphological investigations revealed that the epidermal ultrastructure of the small, dark‐brown spots was more dense than that of the white regions in both Spc/+ mutants and wild type, and that the lethality of the Spc/Spc mutants occurred during early embryogenesis. Furthermore, the ovarioles and ovipositor were disconnected in approximately 85.5% of Spc/+ females, a further 2.5% had a connection between the ovarioles and ovipositor that was too narrow to lay eggs. The remaining females showed a normal connection similar to that of the wild type. We successfully narrowed down the location of the Spc mutation to a region on chromosome 4 that was ∼1041 kb long. Gene‐prediction analysis identified 25 candidate genes in this region. Chromosome structure analysis indicated that a ∼305 kb deletion was included in the mapping region. Temporal and spatial reverse transcription PCR (RT‐PCR) analysis showed that several genes in the mapped region are associated with the Spc mutant. Although the genes responsible for the Spc mutation were not definitively identified, our results further the current understanding of the complex mechanism underlying the multiple morphological defects in Spc mutants.
Randomised Trials for the Fitbit Generation
Authors: Dempsey Walter , Liao Peng , Klasnja Pedja , Nahum-Shani Inbal , Murphy Susan A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Data from activity trackers and mobile phones can be used to craft personalised health interventions. But measuring the efficacy of these “treatments” requires a rethink of the traditional randomised trial. By Walter Dempsey, Peng Liao, Pedja Klasnja, Inbal Nahum-Shani and Susan A. Murphy