bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Isocyanides Using Peroxide as Switchable Alkylating and Alkoxylating Reagent
Authors: Zhang Xinglu , Liu Zhiqiang , Gao Yu , Li Feng , Tian Yaming , Li Chunju , Jia Xueshun , Li Jian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA switchable oxidative coupling reaction of isocyanide and peroxide has been disclosed. In the presence of iron catalyst, the coupling reaction affords N‐arylacetamides in good yields. By simply replacing the iron with copper catalyst, another different coupling reaction takes place in which peroxide can serve as alkoxylating source. This protocol represents a new fundamental coupling of two basic chemicals involving C−C and C−O bond‐forming process. The unusual reactivity of an isocyano group in a radical reaction acting formally as an amidoyl synthon has also been well established. The experiment outcome reveals that aromatic isocyanides are particularly compatible reaction partners in present coupling reaction, whereas no desired products are observed when aliphatic isocyanides are used.magnified image
Laccase‐catalyzed polymerization drying of Chinese lacquer sap with TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Jianhong , Shen Fengqin , Deng Jianping , Cai Jun , Zhang Qiuhua , Liu Wanghui 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTNano‐TiO2/lacquer hybrid coatings are prepared by the blend of nano‐TiO2 and lacquer sap. Nano‐TiO2 particles are involved in the laccase‐catalyzed polymerization process of urushiol, which improves the properties of lacquer film. With increasing nano‐TiO2 from 0 to 5 wt %, the drying time of lacquer film to reach hardened dryness decreases from >12 h to 8 h 30 min under 30 °C and 80% relative humidity. Gel permeation chromatography analysis shows that the addition of nano‐TiO2 accelerates the polymerization of urushiol. It is also related to the formation of TiOC bonds due to the reaction between nano‐TiO2 and the radicals produced by laccase‐catalyzed oxidation. The pencil hardness, flexibility, and adhesion of hybrid lacquer film can be improved and reach 4H, 1 mm, and grade 2, respectively. Its inhibition rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus increases from 22.6% and −21.4% to 49.2% and 67.8%, respectively. Furthermore, nano‐TiO2 hybrid lacquer films also possess higher thermo‐stability than the raw lacquer film. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45865.
Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate promotes the activated hepatic stellate cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress and ameliorates fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Bian Mianli , Chen Xingran , Zhang Chenxi , Jin Huanhuan , Wang Feixia , Shao Jiangjuan , Chen Anping , Zhang Feng , Zheng Shizhong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVaried pathogenetic elements have been touched upon the liver fibrosis, including inflammatory, stress, apoptosis and unfolded proteins aggregation. Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) has been accepted to be a neuroprotective effect, hepatoprotective and anti‐inflammatory molecule. In our vitro researches, MgIG was considered to activate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) apoptosis by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) detrimental response to a certain extent. Consequently, MgIG showed its potential therapeutic capacity in fibrogenesis and counteracted the pathogenetic aspects, which were involved in integrating current treatments correcting liver fibrosis. In addition, we further verificated the behavior and pathogenic mechanisms in the CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis in male mice. What surprised us was that with the treatment of MgIG caused the activation of ERS and resisted the activated HSCs in the protective effects on liver damage. We found MgIG significantly promoted the apoptosis of activated HSCs and protected the CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis. Main molecules came down to the unfolded protein response signaling pathway. Furthermore, MgIG inhibited the levels of the downstream inflammatory cytokines, which were triggered by CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis. Here, we reported that MgIG improved behavioral impairments induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 and decreased the expression of proinflammatory factor, which indicated the preserving effects on liver fibrosis. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(6):836–846, 2017
Predicting Transmembrane Pressure Rise from Biofouling Layer Compressibility and Permeability
Authors: Skinner Samuel J. , Stickland Anthony D. , Scales Peter J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe operation of filtration membranes for wastewater treatment is severely affected by biofouling formation, which causes a rapid increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP) in constant rate filtration. The TMP rise is often attributed to particulate fouling within the membrane, but the external fouling layer or filter cake contributes significantly. The fouling is highly compressible, so any model must incorporate cake compression. A one‐dimensional controlled rate model based on compressible cakes and accurate sludge properties is proposed to predict the TMP rise needed to maintain constant flux. Increased compressibility results in more rapid TMP rise. Model predictions were compared to pilot‐plant data and showed good correlation, without assuming fouling within the membrane. Optimization of cycle times and flux rates are performed.
Separation of Small Particles by Diffusio‐ and Thermophoresis in a Gas‐Liquid Cross‐Flow Array
Authors: Zheng Zhijian , Zhu Jiahua , Xia Sulan , Laminger Thomas , Höflinger Wilhelm 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA wet scrubber technique was studied for the separation of particles < 2.5 μm from exhaust gas by a gas‐liquid cross‐flow array. The cleaning water of the separator flows vertically down along many regularly configured wires and the generated water film acts as an independent sink for particle collection. Due to the surface‐orientated horizontal particle movement caused by diffusio‐ (DP) and thermophoresis (TP), the particles can be captured by the water films. Since wastewater from the same production process can be used, the necessary cleaning water recycling costs can be saved due to the already available water treatment device. Experiments on a laboratory‐scale test rig show the particle grade removal efficiency (PGRE) for different inlet gas‐water temperature gradients and for a constant vapor injection.
Composition‐Dependent Effect of the Calcination of Cobalt‐, Nickel‐, and Gallium‐Based Layered Double Hydroxides to Mixed Metal Oxides in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chakrapani Kalapu , Özcan Fatih , Ortega Klaus Friedel , Machowski Thomas , Behrens Malte 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMixed cobalt and nickel based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with Ga as the third cation and the mixed metal oxides (MMOs) resulting from their thermal decomposition were synthesized in various compositions through constant pH co‐precipitation and calcination. The structural and textural properties of the catalysts with variable Co/Ni ratios were assessed by N2 physisorption, powder X‐ray diffraction, and electron microscopy. The obtained materials exhibit electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline solution. The highest activity was found for catalysts containing both transition‐metal cations, Co and Ni. However, comparison of the LDH precursors and the calcined MMOs revealed a composition‐dependent effect of calcination. Co‐rich LDH tends to lose activity when calcined, whereas Ni‐rich LDH gains activity. The optimal cation composition of the LDH was Co1.5Ni0.5Ga with an overpotential of 382 mV. The highest performance among the MMOs, on the other hand, has been encountered for the Co0.5Ni1.5Ga composition, reaching a similar overpotential.
Born at the right time? A conceptual framework linking reproduction, development, and settlement in reef fish
Authors: Shima J. S. , Noonburg E. G. , Swearer S. E. , Alonzo S. H. , Osenberg C. W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractParents are expected to make decisions about reproductive timing and investment that maximize their own fitness, even if this does not maximize the fitness of each individual offspring. When offspring survival is uncertain, selection typically favors iteroparity, which means that offspring born at some times can be disadvantaged, while others get lucky. The eventual fate of offspring may be further modified by their own decisions. Are fates of offspring set by birthdates (i.e., determined by parents), or can offspring improve upon the cards they've been dealt? If so, do we see adaptive plasticity in the developmental timing of offspring? We evaluate these questions for a coral reef fish (the sixbar wrasse, Thalassoma hardwicke) that is characterized by extreme iteroparity and flexible larval development. Specifically, we monitored larval settlement to 192 small reefs over 11 lunar months and found that most fish settled during new moons of a lunar cycle (consistent with preferential settlement on dark nights). Settlement was significantly lower than expected by chance during the full moon and last quarter of the lunar cycle (consistent with avoidance of bright nights). Survival after settlement was greatest for fish that settled during times of decreasing lunar illumination (from last quarter to new moon). Fish that settled on the last quarter of the lunar cycle were ~10% larger than fish that settled during other periods, suggesting larvae delay settlement to avoid the full moon. These results are consistent with a numerical model that predicts plasticity in larval development time that enables avoidance of settlement during bright periods. Collectively, our results suggest that fish with inauspicious birthdates may alter their developmental trajectories to settle at better times. We speculate that such interactions between parent and offspring strategies may reinforce the evolution of extreme iteroparity and drive population dynamics, by increasing the survival of offspring born at the “wrong” time by allowing them to avoid the riskiest times of settlement.
Deposition of PdPtAu Nanoparticles on Hollow Nanospheres of Fe3O4 as a New Catalyst for Methanol Electrooxidation: Application in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Haghnegahdar Sara , Noroozifar Meissam 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this study, immobilized hollow nanospheres of Fe3O4 with Palladium, Platinum and Gold nanoparticles (Fe3O4HNS‐PdPtAuNPs) was synthesized by hydrothermal and chemical reduction methods and characterized by various techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis of X‐rays and elemental mapping images. The electrocatalytic activity of the modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with Fe3O4HNS‐PdPtAuNPs (GCE/Fe3O4HNS‐PdPtAuNPs) toward methanol electrooxidation was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry in 1 M NaOH solution. According to the results, Fe3O4HNS‐PdPtAuNPs catalyst demonstrated the highest efficiency for methanol electrooxidation in comparison with Fe3O4HNS‐PdNPs, Fe3O4HNS‐PtNPs, Fe3O4HNS‐PdAuNPs, Fe3O4HNS‐PtAuNPs and Fe3O4HNS‐PdPtNPs. The value of electron transfer coefficient (α) and the ratio of current densities (If/Ib) for methanol oxidation on the Fe3O4HNS‐PdPtAuNPs/GC catalyst were calculated 0.61 and 5.13, respectively. The reaction order was discovered to be 0.98 for CH3OH. A direct methanol fuel cell was developed with the suggested catalyst under several conditions.
Correlations Among Ultrasound‐Guided Diffuse Optical Tomography, Microvessel Density, and Breast Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Niu Sihua , Zhu Qingli , Jiang Yuxin , Zhu Jiaan , Xiao Mengsu , You Shanshan , Zhou Weixun , Xiao Yu 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the correlation among ultrasound‐guided diffuse optical tomography (DOT), microvessel density, and breast cancer prognosis.MethodsBefore surgery, the total hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations of 184 female patients with breast cancer with only a single lesion were measured. During follow‐up, 23 patients had recurrence or metastatic disease after surgery. Among these patients, 18 with recurrence or metastatic disease within 3 years after surgery were paired with 18 patients without recurrence or metastatic disease. We retrospectively reviewed the pathologic sections of those 36 patients, conducted immunohistochemical staining, and counted the microvessel densities. Then we analyzed the correlation between microvessel density and total Hb, compared total Hb and microvessel density among breast cancers with different prognoses, and tested the value of DOT in predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.ResultsMicrovessel density and total Hb were linearly correlated (r = 0.584; P < .001). Total Hb and microvessel density were significantly increased in the metastasis group (P = .001 and .027, respectively). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that at a total Hb cutoff value of 221.7 μmol/L, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of DOT for predicting recurrence or metastasis were 0.826, 0.516, and 0.660, respectively.ConclusionsThe total Hb concentration can reflect a tumor's blood supply. Patients with a high total Hb concentration and microvessel density have a higher risk for a poorer prognosis. Total Hb can be used as an indicator of breast cancer prognosis. Diffuse optical tomography can help physicians identify patients with a high risk of metastasis and make clinical decisions.
Comparison of Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy Guided by Ultrasound and Bronchoscopy in Critically Ill Obese Patients
Authors: Song Jieqiong , Xuan Lizhen , Wu Wei , Zhu Duming , Zheng Yijun 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) with ultrasound (US) or bronchoscopic guidance for critically ill patients, notably obese patients.MethodsThis work was a retrospective study. The study included mechanically ventilated patients who underwent PDT from August 2013 to July 2015 in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Zhongshan Hospital. The patients were classified according to the different guidance methods during tracheotomy and their body mass index in the following 4 groups: normal bronchoscopy group, normal US group, obese bronchoscopy group, and obese US group. The parameters, including operation time, number of punctures, intraoperative and postoperative complications, duration of the intensive care unit stay, hospitalization time, and mortality, were recorded and compared between groups.ResultsCompared with the obese bronchoscopy group, the obese US group had a significantly shorter PDT operation time (mean ± SD, 12.8 ± 4.8 versus 16.2 ± 4.4 minutes; P = .026), fewer punctures (P = .011), and a lesser amount of intraoperative hemorrhage (12.1 ± 4.6 versus 16.8 ± 4.3 mL; P = .009). There were no significant differences in these parameters between the normal US and normal bronchoscopy groups.ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided PDT significantly reduced the number of punctures and the operation time compared with bronchoscopy‐guided PDT, and it decreased intraoperative hemorrhage in critically ill obese patients. Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy with US guidance was a faster, safer, and more accurate method of airway management.
A field test method to quantitatively determine oxidation stability of gasoline engine oil
Authors: Wei Lei , Duan Haitao , Chen Song , Jia Dan , Qian Xuzheng , Cheng Bingxue , Liu Jianfang , Li Jian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAs oxidation stability of engine oil was hard to evaluate in field, this paper tried to propose a field test method to determine the oxidation onset temperature (OOT) of gasoline engine oil. A theoretical model of grey average value of oil spot image and OOT was established by using spot test method, image processing, and Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetery method. The oil sample unknown OOT was taken to spot test and image processing in field to obtain the grey average value. The OOT can be calculated by bringing the grey average value to the established theoretical model. This approach was successfully used for OOT determination of 4 different kinds of engine oils with good accuracy and precision. The absolute error of mineral oils was less than 4.52°C, and synthetic oils were less than 1.2°C. This convenient, low‐cost, and reliable method can achieve OOT of engine oil in field determination and provide reference for engine oil drain interval evaluation.
Using the particle swarm optimization method for the constitutive modeling of AZ31B
Authors: Li Z. , Dai G. , Shi J. , Jarrar F. , Ozturk F. , Sheikh‐Ahmad J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe magnesium alloy AZ31B has a great potential for lightweight applications that do not require high strength. The superplastic forming method is already being used to form this alloy into complex lightweight components. However, in order to provide accurate predictions of the superplastic process of AZ31B, suitable constitutive models should be established. In this paper, the particle swarm optimization method is used to identify the parameters of a suitable constitutive model. High temperature bulge experiments are used to validate the model. Results indicate that the proposed power law model gives more accurate predictions for the lower strain rates.
Comparison of technical and commercial aspects regarding cold forming, superplastic forming and hot deep drawing
Authors: Beck W. , Wagner S. , Schauer K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTitanium parts can be very expensive or can be a good compromise between cost and efficiency especially when expected cost and weight reduction is reached or exceeded. Titanium properties are always well desired but the high level of material cost and the cost of manufacturing are not appreciated. Applicable forming processes for sheet metal parts range from conventional cold forming of commercially pure titanium with subsequent separate annealing up to hot forming processes like hot bending, hot calibration, hot deep drawing and superplastic forming with in‐process annealing. Each process has limitations and/or special advantages. There are big differences in material waste, cycle time, process cost, overweight from minimum wall thickness requirements and tool design. Suitable choice of process and the technical feasibility is mostly depending on part geometry also in respect of constant wall thickness and type of alloy. The paper describes decision guidelines to find the right process for a given inquiry concerning alloy, service loads, number of load cycles, temperature, quantity, optical appearance, etc. The total picture has to include the following assembly processes. Some representative solutions are described.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 and optic pathway glioma: Molecular interplay and therapeutic insights
Authors: Khatua Soumen , Gutmann David H. , Packer Roger J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChildren with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are predisposed to develop central nervous system neoplasms, the most common of which are low‐grade gliomas (LGGs). The absence of human NF1 associated LGG‐derived cell lines, coupled with an inability to generate patient‐derived xenograft models, represents barriers to profile molecularly targeted therapies for these tumors. Thus, genetically engineered mouse models have been identified to evaluate the interplay between Nf1‐deficient tumor cells and nonneoplastic stromal cells to evaluate potential therapies for these neoplasms. Future treatments might also consider targeting the nonneoplastic cells in NF1–LGGs to reduce tumor growth and neurologic morbidity in affected children.
Could we use parent report as a valid proxy of child report on anxiety, depression, and distress? A systematic investigation of father–mother–child triads in children successfully treated for leukemia
Authors: Abate Cybelle , Lippé Sarah , Bertout Laurence , Drouin Simon , Krajinovic Maja , Rondeau Émélie , Sinnett Daniel , Laverdière Caroline , Sultan Serge 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundSystematic assessment of emotional distress is recommended in after care. Yet, it is unclear if parent report may be used as a proxy of child report. The aim of this study was to assess agreements and differences and explore possible moderators of disagreement between child and parent ratings.MethodsSixty‐two young survivors treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (9–18 years) and both parents responded to the Beck Youth Inventory (anxiety and depression) and the distress rating scale on the child's status. Parents completed the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18 on their own psychological status. Systematic analyses of agreement and differences were performed.ResultsMother–child and father–child agreements were fair on anxiety, depression, and distress (median intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.37). Differences between parents and children were medium sized (median d = 0.55) with parents giving higher scores than their children on anxiety, depression, and distress. Mothers reported distress more frequently than fathers (39 vs. 17%) when children reported none. The child being female and lower parental income were associated with lower agreement in fathers when rating child distress. Higher levels of parental psychological symptoms were consistently associated with lower agreement.ConclusionsParent–child differences when rating adolescent survivors’ difficulties may be more important than previously thought. Parent report probably cannot be considered as a valid proxy of older child report on such internalized domains as anxiety, depression, or distress in the after‐care clinic. Parents’ report is also likely to be influenced by their own mood, a factor that should be corrected for when using their report.
Unlicensed pharmaceutical preparations for clinical patient care: Ensuring safety
Authors: de Wilde Sofieke , de Jong Maria G.H. , Le Brun Paul P.H. , Guchelaar Henk‐Jan , Schimmel Kirsten J.M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMost medicinal products dispensed to patients have marketing authorization (MA) to ensure high quality of the product, safety, and efficacy. However, in daily practice, to treat patients adequately, there is a medical need for drugs that do not hold MA. To meet this medical need, medicinal products are used in clinical care without MA (unlicensed), such as products prepared by (local) pharmacies: the pharmaceutical preparations. Three types of pharmaceutical preparations are distinguished: (i) reconstitution in excess of summary of product characteristics; (ii) adaptation of a licensed medicinal product (outside its official labeling); (iii) medicinal products from an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Although unlicensed, patients may expect the same quality for these unlicensed pharmaceutical preparations as for the licensed medicinal products. To assure this quality, a proper risk‐benefit assessment and proper documentation in (centralized) patient registries and linking to a national pharmacovigilance database should be in place. Based on a risk assessment matrix, requirements for quality assurance can be determined, which has impact on the level of documentation of a pharmaceutical preparation.In this paper, the approach for good documentation including quality assurance and benefit‐risk assessment will be discussed and possibilities for patient registries are described to make these crucial preparations available for regular patient care.KEY POINTS

Ensuring pharmaceutical quality and performing a proper benefit‐risk assessment will guarantee safe use of pharmaceutical preparations.
Good documentation of (ultra‐)orphan treatments can be collected in centralized patient registries and should be combined with existing information in (inter)national databases and self‐reflection of patients.
Linking patient registries to a centralized database for adverse drug events is highly recommended as it increases safety control of the (ultra) orphan pharmaceutical preparations.