bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing ESI‐MS/MS and ion mobility spectrometry for structural characterization and isomer differentiation of 1, 2‐unsaturated (1‐4) linked disaccharide derivatives and their 2‐C‐functionalized analogues
Authors: Starke Ines , Fürstenberg Sylvia , Thomas Steffen 
Published: September 2024

RationaleThe 1, 2‐unsaturated derivatives of (1‐4) linked disaccharides serve as versatile building blocks for synthesizing biologically active compounds. Distinguishing between four pairs of stereoisomers in mixtures presents a challenging task. In this study, disaccharide derivatives are analyzed as alkali metal adducts using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS), both as individual compounds and in mixtures by ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMS).MethodsElectrospray ionization (ESI) in combination with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in positive mode was employed to differentiate lithium adduct ions of hexa‐acetyl/hexa‐benzyl‐D‐lactals, and hexa‐acetyl/hexa‐benzyl‐D‐maltals, along with their corresponding 2‐C‐branched malonates. The high resolving power of trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) with the imeX™ functionality rapidly identified different metal adducts (Li, Na, Cs) as individual isomers and separated mixtures of stereoisomers. The measured collisional cross section (CCS) values were analyzed in relation to predicted CCS values.ResultsMS/MS spectra of the [M + Li]+ ions of glycal disaccharide analogues exhibited typical cross‐ring and glycosidic bond cleavages. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) spectra provided insights into their fragmentation behavior, allowing differentiation of (1‐4) linked disaccharides. TIMS technology delivered adjustable ion mobility resolution for suitable separation of the four sets of stereo isomeric compounds. However, accurately predicting CCS values to differentiate between respective isomeric pairs using the SigmaCCS program for sodium adducts is only partially achievable.ConclusionsESI CID spectra of [M + Li]+ adduct ions for individual glycal disaccharide analogues facilitate the discrimination between alpha and beta (1‐4) linked unsaturated disaccharides and their 2‐C‐branched analogues. Through optimized experimental conditions, complete baseline ion mobility separation of stereoisomer pairs of the Cs adducts is achieved.
A new insight on the event‐triggered state feedback control for Markov jump systems
Authors: Zhao Yuanhao , Rong Nannan , Ding Sanbo , Li Hongchao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe event‐triggered control of Markov jump systems has attracted more and more interest in field control. However, the problem of how to design a transition probability‐dependent event‐triggered mechanism and controller has not been fully considered. This paper investigates the problem of event‐triggered control for Lipschitz nonlinear Markov jump systems. Through Taylor series expansion, a linear auxiliary system is constructed to obtain the approximate state, whose system matrices are described by the probability‐weighted matrices of nonlinear Markov jump systems. By redefining the measurement error as the difference between the current state and the approximate state, a probability‐dependent event‐triggered mechanism is designed for Markov jump systems. The effectiveness of the developed approach is illustrated by two comparison examples.
Tensions between the carbon, employment and value added generated by marine sectors: Triple bottom line analysis using a novel input–output table for the UK
Authors: Roca Florido Alberto , Mair Simon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEffective coordination of activities within marine areas is crucial for achieving economic, social and environmental goals. However, the socio‐economic and environmental objectives of the marine economy often come into conflict. Consequently, marine policies need to confront and manage these conflicts. In this paper, we provide empirical insights into conflicts between the marine economy and the marine environment, based on the triple bottom line (TBL) foundations, by constructing a highly detailed marine input–output model for the United Kingdom. The model has 20 marine focussed sectors, including 8 fishing fleet segments. We apply the model to an empirical analysis of potential conflicts between greenhouse emissions, employment and gross value added (GVA) in marine‐focussed industries. Based on this empirical work, we identify various clusters of marine sectors with different connections between environmental and socio‐economic objectives and propose different policy approaches to them. Research findings indicate that certain industries have the capacity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while simultaneously generating employment opportunities. Conversely, there are specific sectors that may not offer the same potential for expansion without causing significant environmental harm or providing minimal economic benefits in terms of employment or GVA. By examining these clusters, marine planners can better understand how their marine policies affect communities and the environment on a larger scale and prioritise their efforts accordingly.
Structure and Peculiarities of 1H NMR‐Spectra of Palladium(II) Complexes with 3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐5‐Alkyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles
Authors: Ivanova Hanna V. , Khomenko Dmytro M. , Doroshchuk Roman O. , Stoica Alexandru‐Constantin , Zakharchenko Borys V. , Rusanova Julia A. , Raspertova Ilona V. , Shova Sergiu , Lampeka Rostyslav D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA series of chelating N N proligands, 3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐5‐alkyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles (HLAlk), where alkyl=methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl was used as building blocks for designing of coordination compounds. Their reaction with an equimolar amount of [PdCl2(CH3CN)2] led to formation of series of six novel palladium complexes [Pd(HLAlk)Cl2], in which ligands are coordinated in the acid form. New proligands and Pd(II) complexes were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The Pd(II) complexes showed an unusual downfield shift in 1H NMR of the aliphatic proton that is the closest to triazole ring, which suggests the C−H…Cl hydrogen bonding, supported by X‐ray data for Pd(HLc−Pr)Cl2 and Pd(HLc−Bu)Cl2.
Review on Recent Advances of Nickel Sulfide Nano Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Haridas Hitha , Somapur Bhargavi , Akkera Harish Sharma , Neella Nagarjuna , Kambhala Nagaiah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydrogen is an important energy carrier without carbon emissions. To achieve a carbon‐neutral world, the demand for hydrogen is very significant. In the process of producing green hydrogen, water splitting using electrocatalysts is a desirable process among many methods. The ideal electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution is the platinum group of metals; however, the limitations of high cost and low abundance hinder large‐scale hydrogen production. Hence, researchers are trying to develop materials from more abundant and less expensive. Hence, in this review, we focus on the fundamental principles of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and various synthesis methods and strategies. From the material perspective, we focus on nickel sulfide‐based nanomaterials of different phases during the last four years of development. We compared the electrocatalyst parameters concerning the synthesis methods and strategies chosen. Finally, we have also discussed future challenges. Ultimately, by synthesizing the collective knowledge amassed in the field of HER research, this review endeavors to offer a comprehensive resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers striving to advance hydrogen‐based energy technologies. In doing so, we aspire to foster continued innovation and collaboration toward realizing a sustainable energy future powered by hydrogen.
Relationships between mental toughness, eustress–distress, and mindfulness in adolescents: A network analysis and mediator model testing
Authors: Yazıcı‐Kabadayı Sema 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to investigate adolescents' eustress–distress and mindfulness by examining mental toughness (MT) using network and mediator analyses. The study included 414 adolescents. The results showed that MT was positively related to eustress and mindfulness, but distress was negatively related to MT. Based on the network analysis findings, we tested mindfulness' mediating role in the relationship between eustress–distress and MT. The findings showed that mindfulness played a significant mediating role. However, the mediating role of mindfulness was negative for the relationship between distress and toughness and positive for eustress. These findings advance eustress, distress, and mindfulness as mechanisms for understanding the effects of MT. Considering current knowledge of MT, eustress, distress, and mindfulness, the results are discussed.
ZnS Nanoseeds Sealed in N, P, S Co‐Doped Carbon Hollow Rhombic Dodecahedra as a Superlithiophilic Host for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Liu Ting‐Ting , Ye Zhuo‐Feng , Wang Guanyao , Du Fei‐Hu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLithium (Li) metal is considered a hopeful anode for next‐generation Li‐ion batteries thanks to its ultra‐high theoretical specific capacity, extra‐low theoretical density, and low negative potential. However, the uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites and volume fluctuation during plating/stripping processes severely hamper its commercial application. Herein, ZnS seeds sealed in N, P, S co‐doped carbon hollow rhombic dodecahedra (ZnS@NPS‐C HRD) is fabricated as a superlithiophilic host for Li metal anodes (LMAs) to solve the above problems. In addition, the Li nucleation and deposition mechanism on ZnS@NPS‐C HRD is investigated by in situ optical microscopy, ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and theoretical calculations. Owing to the synergistic strategy of ZnS seeds‐inducing nucleation and Li‐limited growth, the as‐prepared composite exhibits stability for 300 cycles in asymmetric cells and a long lifespan over 1100 h in symmetric cells. Moreover, the ZnS@NPS‐C HRD@Li|LiFePO4 full cell demonstrates a reversible capacity of 100.91 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 1 C.
Structural and Compositional Optimization of Fe–Co–Ni Ternary Amorphous Electrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen Evolution in Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Lee Changsoo , Yun Young Hwa , Kim Se‐Ho , Doo Gisu , Lee Sechan , Park Hyunjeong , Park Youngtae , Shin Jooyoung , Cho Hyun‐Seok , Kim Sang‐Kyung , Cho EunAe , Jung Chanwon , Kim MinJoong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) offers a sustainable path for hydrogen production with advantages such as high current density, dynamic responsiveness, and low‐cost electrocatalysts. However, the development of efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts under operating conditions is crucial for achieving the AEMWE. This study systematically investigated Fe–Co–Ni ternary amorphous electrocatalysts for the OER in AEMWE through a comprehensive material library system comprising 21 composition series. The study aims to explore the relationship between composition, degree of crystallinity, and electrocatalytic activity using ternary contours and binary plots to derive optimal catalysts. The findings reveal that higher Co and lower Fe contents lead to increased structural disorder within the Fe–Co–Ni system, whereas an appropriate amount of Fe addition is necessary for OER activity. It is concluded that the amorphous structure of Fe–Co3–Ni possesses an optimal ternary composition and degree of crystallinity to facilitate the OER. Post‐OER analyses reveal that the optimized ternary amorphous structure induces structural reconstruction into an OER‐favorable OOH‐rich surface. The Fe–Co3–Ni electrocatalysts exhibit outstanding performances in both half‐cells and single‐cells, with an overpotential of 256 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a current density of 2.0 A cm−2 at 1.89 V, respectively.
Crack‐Deflecting Lattice Metamaterials Inspired by Precipitation Hardening
Authors: Tong Shuai , Ma Zhichao , Zhang Wei , Li Yicheng , Li Chaofan , Zhao Hongwei , Ren Luquan , Yan Chuliang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLattice structures, comprising nodes and struts arranged in an array, are renowned for their lightweight and unique mechanical deformation characteristics. Previous studies on lattice structures have revealed that failure often originates from stress concentration points and spreads throughout the material. This results in collapse failure, similar to the accumulation of damage at defects in metallic crystals. Here the precipitation hardening mechanism found in crystalline materials is employed to deflect the initial failure path, through the strategic placement of strengthening units at stress concentration points using the finite element method. Both the mesostructure, inspired by the arrangement of crystals, and the inherent microstructure of the base materials have played crucial roles in shaping the mechanical properties of the macro‐lattices. As a result, a groundbreaking multiscale hierarchical design methodology, offering a spectrum of design concepts for engineering materials with desired properties is introduced.
Rapid Fluorescence Assay for Polyphosphate in Yeast Extracts Using JC‐D7
Authors: Deitert Alexander , Fees Jana , Mertens Anna , Nguyen Van Duc , Maares Maria , Haase Hajo , Blank Lars Mathias , Keil Claudia 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPolyphosphate (polyP) is an intriguing molecule that is found in almost any organism, covering a multitude of cellular functions. In industry, polyP is used due to its unique physiochemical properties, including pH buffering, water binding, and bacteriostatic activities. Despite the importance of polyP, its analytics is still challenging, with the gold standard being 31P NMR. Here, we present a simple staining method using the fluorescent dye JC‐D7 for the semi‐quantitative polyP evaluation in yeast extracts. Notably, fluorescence response was affected by polyP concentration and polymer chain length in the 0.5–500 µg/mL polyP concentration range. Hence, for polyP samples of unknown chain compositions, JC‐D7 cannot be used for absolute quantification. Fluorescence of JC‐D7 was unaffected by inorganic phosphate up to 50 mM. Trace elements (FeSO4 > CuSO4 > CoCl2 > ZnSO4) and toxic mineral salts (PbNO3 and HgCl2) diminished polyP–induced JC‐D7 fluorescence, affecting its applicability to samples containing polyP–metal complexes. The fluorescence was only marginally affected by other parameters, such as pH and temperature. After validation, this simple assay was used to elucidate the degree of polyP production by yeast strains carrying gene deletions in (poly)phosphate homeostasis. The results suggest that staining with JC‐D7 provides a robust and sensitive method for detecting polyP in yeast extracts and likely in extracts of other microbes. The simplicity of the assay enables high‐throughput screening of microbes to fully elucidate and potentially enhance biotechnological polyP production, ultimately contributing to a sustainable phosphorus utilization.
CauMon: An Informative Online Monitor for Signal Temporal Logic
Authors: Zhang Zhenya , An Jie , Arcaini Paolo , Hasuo Ichiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present a tool for monitoring the traces of cyber-physical systems (CPS) at runtime, with respect to Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications. Our tool is based on the recent advances of causation monitoring, which reports not only whether an executing trace violates the specification, but also how relevant the increment of the trace at each instant is to the specification violation. In this way, it can deliver more information about system evolution than classic online robust monitors. Moreover, by adapting two dynamic programming strategies, our implementation significantly improves the efficiency of causation monitoring, allowing its deployment in practice. The tool is implemented as a executable and can be easily adapted to monitor CPS in different formalisms. We evaluate the efficiency of the proposed monitoring tool, and demonstrate its superiority over existing robust monitors in terms of the information it can deliver about system evolution.
Beyond the Bottleneck: Enhancing High-Concurrency Systems with Lock Tuning
Authors: Ji Juntao , Gu Yinyou , Fu Yubao , Lin Qingshan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHigh-concurrency systems often suffer from performance bottlenecks [1]. This is often caused by waiting and context switching caused by fierce competition between threads for locks. As a cloud computing company, we place great emphasis on maximizing performance. In this regard, we transform the lightweight spin-lock and propose a concise parameter fine-tuning strategy, which can break through the system performance bottleneck with minimal risk conditions. This strategy has been validated in Apache RocketMQ [2], a high-throughput message queue system. Through this strategy, we achieved performance improvements of up to 37.58% on X86 CPU and up to 32.82% on ARM CPU. Furthermore, we confirmed the method’s consistent effectiveness across different code versions and IO flush strategies, demonstrating its broad applicability in real-world settings. This work offers not only a practical tool for addressing performance issues in high-concurrency systems but also highlights the practical value of formal techniques in solving engineering problems.
Constructing all BPS black hole microstates from the gravitational path integral
Authors: Boruch Jan , Iliesiu Luca V. , Yan Cynthia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Understanding how to prepare and count black hole micro-states by using the gravitational path integral is one of the most important problems in quantum gravity. Nevertheless, a state-by-state count of black hole microstates is difficult because the apparent number of degrees of freedom available in the gravitational effective theory can vastly exceed the entropy of the black hole, even in the special case of BPS black holes. In this paper, we show that we can use the gravitational path integral to prepare a basis for the Hilbert space of all BPS black hole microstates. We find that the dimension of this Hilbert space computed by an explicit state count is in complete agreement with the degeneracy obtained from the Gibbons-Hawking prescription. Specifically, this match includes all non-perturbative corrections in 1/GN. Such corrections are, in turn, necessary in order for this degeneracy of BPS states to match the non-perturbative terms in the 1/GN expansion in the string theory count of such microstates.
Cartan-like formulation of electric Carrollian gravity
Authors: Pekar Simon , Pérez Alfredo , Salgado-Rebolledo Patricio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a Cartan-like first-order action principle for electric Carrollian gravity. The action is invariant under the local homogeneous Carroll group, albeit in a different representation than the one obtained by gauging the Carroll algebra. Additionally, we show that this first-order action can be derived from a smooth Carrollian limit of the Einstein-Cartan action. The connection with the Hamiltonian and metric forms of the action for electric Carrollian gravity, as well as with previous works in the literature, is also discussed.
Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among paramedic students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alzahrani Adnan , Keyworth Chris , Alshahrani Khalid Mufleh , Alkhelaifi Rayan , Johnson Judith 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
There are elevated mental health concerns in paramedic students, but estimates vary between studies and countries, and no review has established the overall prevalence. This systematic review addressed this by estimating the global prevalence of common mental health disorders, namely anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in paramedic students internationally.

Methods
A systematic search of six databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and medRxiv, was conducted to identify studies relating to mental health among paramedicine students. The search encompassed studies from inception until February 2023. To be considered for inclusion in the review, the studies had to report prevalence data on at least one symptom of anxiety, depression, or PTSD in paramedicine students, using quantitative validated scales. The quality of the studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist, which is a specific methodological tool for assessing prevalence studies. Subgroup analyses were not conducted due to insufficient data.

Results
1638 articles were identified from the searches, and 193 full texts were screened, resulting in 13 papers for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The total number of participants was 1064 from 10 countries. The pooled prevalence of moderate PTSD was 17.9% (95% CI 14.8–21.6%), anxiety was 56.4% (95% CI 35,9–75%), and depression was at 34.7% (95% CI 23.4–48.1%).

Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis has found that paramedicine students globally exhibit a high prevalence of moderate PTSD, anxiety, and depression. The prevalence of these mental health conditions surpasses those among paramedic providers and the general population, as indicated by previous reviews. Further research is therefore warranted to determine appropriate support and interventions for this group.
Distributed design optimization of multi-component systems using meta models and topology optimization
Authors: Krischer Lukas , Endress Felix , Wanninger Tobias , Zimmermann Markus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDistributed optimization architectures decompose large monolithic optimization problems into sets of smaller and more manageable optimization subproblems. To ensure consistency and convergence towards a global optimum, however, cumbersome coordination is necessary and often not sufficient. A distributed optimization architecture was previously proposed that does not require coordination. This so-called Informed Decomposition is based on two types of optimization problems: (1) one for system optimization to produce stiffness requirements on components using pre-trained meta models and (2) one for the optimization of components with two interfaces to produce detailed geometries that satisfy the stiffness requirements. Each component optimization problem can be carried out independently and in parallel. This paper extends the approach to three-dimensional structures consisting of components with six degrees of freedom per interface, thus significantly increasing the applicability to practical problems. For this, an 8-dimensional representation of the general 12 x 12 interface stiffness matrix for components is derived. Meta models for mass estimation and physical feasibility of stiffness targets are trained using an active-learning strategy. A simple two-component structure and a large robot structure consisting of four components subject to constraints for 100 different loading scenarios are optimized. The example results are at most 12.9% heavier than those of a monolithic optimization.