bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open data intermediaries: coproduction in budget transparency
Authors: da Silva Craveiro Gisele , Albano Claudio 
Published: April 2017

PurposeAlthough more public sector information is disclosed in an open format, the intermediaries are the key element to have value creation from it. This study aimed to identify elements about the role of these stakeholders: their characteristics, resources and partnerships within an ecosystem of budget transparency and open government data, in particular, to identify initiatives and opportunities that enable the co-production of value from public sector information.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted in four Latin American countries, and data collection was carried out through interviews and document analysis.FindingsThe paper identifies intermediaries’ profiles, their network, results achieved and lessons learned.Originality/valueThis is the first study to cover in depth the intermediaries in a regional budget transparency ecosystem. Some findings emphasize the intermediary’s role, and others offered the authors elements to propose a framework for citizen coproduction that extends citizen sourcing and government as platform models, as some co-production initiatives identified seem to extrapolate their limits definitions.
Root morphology and mycorrhizal type strongly influence root production in nutrient hot spots of mixed forests
Authors: Chen Weile , Koide Roger T. , Eissenstat David M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Plants compete for nutrients using a range of strategies. We investigated nutrient foraging within nutrient hot‐spots simultaneously available to plant species with diverse root traits. We hypothesized that there would be more root proliferation by thin‐root species than by thick‐root species, and that root proliferation by thin‐root species would limit root proliferation by thick‐root species.

We conducted a root ingrowth experiment in a temperate forest in eastern USA where root systems of different tree species could interact. Tree species varied in the thickness of their absorptive roots, and were associated with either ectomycorrhizal (EM) or arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Thus, there were thin‐ and thick‐root AM and thin‐ and thick‐root EM plant functional groups. Half the ingrowth cores were amended with organic nutrients (dried green leaves). Relative root length abundance, the proportion of total root length in a given soil volume occupied by a particular plant functional group, was calculated for the original root population and ingrowth roots after 6 months.

The shift in relative root length abundance from original to ingrowth roots was positive in thin‐root species but negative in thick‐root species (p < .001), especially in unamended patches (AM: +6% vs. −7%; EM: +8% vs. −9%). Being thin‐rooted may thus allow a species to more rapidly recolonize soil after a disturbance, which may influence competition for nutrients. Moreover, we observed that nutrient additions amplified the shift in root length abundance of thin over thick roots in AM trees (+13% vs. −14%), but not in EM trees (+1% vs −3%). In contrast, phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers suggested that EM fungal hyphae strongly proliferated in nutrient hot‐spots whereas AM fungal hyphae exhibited only modest proliferation.

We found no evidence that when growing in the shared patch, the proliferation of thin roots inhibited the growth of thick roots.

Synthesis. Knowledge of root morphology and mycorrhizal type of co‐existing tree species may improve prediction of patch exploitation and nutrient acquisition in heterogeneous soils.
Effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of first‐trimester medical termination of pregnancy performed by non‐doctor providers: a systematic review
Authors: Sjöström S , Dragoman M , Fønhus MS , Ganatra B , Gemzell‐Danielsson K 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundPrevious systematic reviews have concluded that medical termination of pregnancy (TOP) performed by non‐doctor providers may be as effective and safe as when provided by doctors. Medical treatment of incomplete miscarriage by non‐doctor providers and the treated women's acceptance of non‐doctor providers of TOP has not previously been reviewed.ObjectivesTo review the effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of first‐trimester medical TOP, including medical treatment for incomplete miscarriage, by trained non‐doctor providers.Search strategy and selection criteriaA search strategy using appropriate medical subject headings was developed. Electronic databases (PubMed, Popline, Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched from inception through April 2016. Randomised controlled trials and comparative observational studies were included.Data collection and analysisMeta‐analyses were performed for included randomised controlled trials regarding the outcomes of effectiveness and acceptability to women. Certainty of evidence was established using the GRADE approach assessing study limitations, consistency of effect, imprecision, indirectness and publication bias.Main resultsSix papers were included. Medical TOP and medical treatment of incomplete miscarriage is probably equally effective when performed by non‐doctor providers as when performed by doctors (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99–1.01). Women's acceptance, reported as overall satisfaction with the allocated provider, is probably equally high between groups (RR 1.00; 95% CI 1.00–1.01).ConclusionMedical TOP and medical treatment of incomplete miscarriage provided by trained non‐doctor providers is probably equally as effective and acceptable to women as when provided by doctors.Tweetable abstractMedical termination of pregnancy performed by doctors and non‐doctors can be equally effective and acceptable
Jurassic Hornblende Gabbros in Dongga, Eastern Gangdese, Tibet: Partial Melting of Mantle Wedge and Implications for Crustal Growth
Authors: XU Bo , HOU Zengqian , ZHENG Yuanchuan , ZHOU Ye , ZHOU Limin , YANG Yu , HAN Yanwei , ZHEN Guo , WU Changda 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Gangdese batholith, more than 2500 km in length, is composed mainly of Jurassic‐Miocene igneous rocks. This batholith is one of the most important constituents of the Tibetan orogenesis and provides an ideal place for study of Neo‐Tethyan ocean geodynamic evolution and plateau uplift. Recent studies on the Gangdese Jurassic felsic magmatism highlight its juvenile source. However, important aspects concerning the genesis of the juvenile magmatism and related deep geodynamic evolution are still unclear. Here, we report detailed petrological, geochronological, geochemical, whole‐rock Sr‐Nd isotopic, and in situ Sr‐Hf isotopic data for a recently identified hornblende gabbro in the Dongga area, southern Lhasa sub‐block. This hornblende gabbro is dominated by hornblende and plagioclase, dated at Early Jurassic (ca. 180–190 Ma), and characterized by a narrow compositional range in SiO2 (49.38wt%–52.27wt%), MgO (4.08wt%–7.00wt%), FeO (10.43wt%–11.77wt%), Na2O (2.58wt%–3.51wt%), and K2O (0.48wt%–1.53wt%). It has depleted isotopic signatures, with whole‐rock (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.7033–0.7043, εNd(t) values of +4.90 to +6.99, in situ plagioclase (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.7034–0.7042, and zircon εHf(t) of +12.2 to +16.8. Our results integrated with published data suggest a model of Gangdese juvenile crustal growth by a subduction‐related water‐enriched mantle wedge. The hydrous partial melting of the lithosphere mantle was triggered by the dehydration of a Neo‐Tethyan oceanic slab. This mafic magmatism emplaced in the middle‐lower crust of intraoceanic arcs or active continental margins, leading to Jurassic juvenile crustal growth in southern Tibet.
40Ar/39Ar and Rb‐Sr Ages of the Tiegelongnan Porphyry Cu‐(Au) Deposit in the Bangong Co‐Nujiang Metallogenic Belt of Tibet, China: Implication for Generation of Super‐Large Deposit
Authors: LIN Bin , CHEN Yuchuan , TANG Juxing , WANG Qin , SONG Yang , YANG Chao , WANG Wenlei , HE Wen , ZHANG Lejun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Tiegelongnan deposit is a newly discovered super‐large porphyry‐epithermal Cu‐(Au) deposit in the western part of the Bangong Co‐Nujiang metallogenic belt, Tibet (China). Field geology and geochronology indicate that the porphyry mineralization was closely related to the Early Cretaceous intermediate‐felsic intrusions (ca. 123–120 Ma). Various epithermal ore and gangue mineral types were discovered in the middle‐shallow part of the orebody, indicating the presence of epithermal mineralization at Tiegelongnan. Potassic, propylitic, phyllic and advanced argillic alteration zones were identified. 40Ar/39Ar dating of hydrothermal biotite (potassic zone), sericite (phyllic zone), and alunite (advanced argillic zone) in/around the ore‐bearing granodiorite porphyry yielded 121.1±0.6 Ma (1σ), 120.8±0.7 Ma (1σ) and 117.9±1.6 Ma (1σ), respectively. Five hydrothermal mineralization stages were identified, of which the Stage IV pyrite was Rb‐Sr dated to be 117.5±1.8 Ma (2σ), representing the end of epithermal mineralization. Field geology and geochronology suggest that both the epithermal and porphyry mineralization belong to the same magmatic‐hydrothermal system. The Tiegelongnan super‐large Cu‐(Au) deposit may have undergone a prolonged magmatic‐hydrothermal evolution, with the major mineralization event occurring at ca.120–117Ma.
Chemo‐ and Biostratigraphy of the Jurassic Oil Shales from the Qiangtang Basin, Northern Tibet, China: A Case Study of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event
Authors: CHEN Lan , XU Guiwen , DA Xuejuan , YI Haisheng , ZHU Zhangxiong , HUANG Zhaohui , LI Xiaogang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe marine oil shales of the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet, exposed in the Biluo Co, Tuonamu, Shenglihe and Changsheshan areas are believed to be important petroleum source rocks. This work comprehensively analyzed the carbon isotopes, trace elements, and calcareous nannofosills, ammonites and bivalves of the Biluo Co section in the Qiangtang Basin. The organic carbon isotopes show a positive excursion close to 2.17± (relative to PDB), which, albeit significantly smaller, may also be associated with other Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Events (T‐OAE) in the European epicontinental seas and the Tethyan continental margins. Coinciding with the Early Toarcian transgression, the oxygen deficiency in bottom water had led to dysoxic‐anoxic conditions and deposition of black shales lacking benthic fauna. Under such condition, the redox‐sensitive trace metals such as Mo, V, Ni, Cr, and U were enriched, in conjunction with high planktonic productivity of Watznaueriaceae calcareous nannofossils. Comparison of the results with the records of chemo‐ and biostratigraphy, as well as the palaeogeography during the Early Jurassic suggests that the anoxia linked to the Early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event was mainly caused by the high surface water temperature, sea‐level rise and an increase of surface water productivity.
Estimation of Seismic Landslide Hazard in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis Region of Tibetan Plateau
Authors: DU Guoliang , ZHANG Yongshuang , YANG Zhihua , IQBAL Javed , TONG Bin , GUO Changbao , YAO Xin , WU Ruian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe eastern Himalayan syntaxis is one of the most tectonically active and earthquake‐prone regions on Earth where earthquake‐induced geological disasters occur frequently and caused great damages. With the planning and construction of Sichuan‐Tibet highway, Sichuan‐Tibet railway and hydropower development on the Yarlung Zangbo River etc. in recent years, it is very important to evaluate the seismic landslide hazard of this region. In this paper, a seismic landslide hazard map is produced based on seismic geological background analysis and field investigation using Newmark method with 10% PGA exceedance probabilities in future 50 years by considering the influence of river erosion, active faults and seismic amplification for the first time. The results show that the areas prone to seismic landslides are distributed on steep slopes along the drainages and the glacier horns as well as ridges on the mountains. The seismic landslide hazard map produced in this study not only predicts the most prone seismic landslide areas in the future 50 years but also provides a reference for mitigation strategies to reduce the exposure of the new building and planning projects to seismic landslides.
Vancomycin levels are frequently subtherapeutic in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study
Authors: Bakke V. , Sporsem H. , Von der Lippe E. , Nordøy I. , Lao Y. , Nyrerød H. C. , Sandvik L. , Hårvig K. R. , Bugge J. F. , Helset E. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundAppropriate utilization of vancomycin is important to attain therapeutic targets while avoiding clinical failure and the development of antimicrobial resistance. Our aim was to observe the use of vancomycin in an intensive care population, with the main focus on achievement of therapeutic serum concentrations (15–20 mg/l) and to evaluate how this was influenced by dose regimens, use of guidelines and therapeutic drug monitoring.MethodsA prospective observational study was carried out in the intensive care units at two tertiary hospitals in Norway. Data were collected from 83 patients who received vancomycin therapy, half of these received continuous renal replacement therapy. Patients were followed for 72 h after initiation of therapy. Blood samples were drawn for analysis of trough serum concentrations. Urine was collected for calculations of creatinine clearance. Information was gathered from medical records and electronic health records.ResultsLess than 40% of the patients attained therapeutic trough serum concentrations during the first 3 days of therapy. Patients with augmented renal clearance had lower serum trough concentrations despite receiving higher maintenance doses and more loading doses. When trough serum concentrations were outside of therapeutic range, dose adjustments in accordance to therapeutic drug monitoring were made to less than half.ConclusionThe present study reveals significant challenges in the utilization of vancomycin in critically ill patients. There is a need for clearer guidelines regarding dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin for patient subgroups.
Examination of toxicity and collagen linearity after the administration of the protein cross‐linker genipin in equine tendon and dermis: a pilot study
Authors: Bellefeuille M , Peters DF , Nolin M , Slusarewicz P , Telgenhoff D 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveCollagen cross‐linking is an attractive therapeutic route aimed at supplementing natural collagen stabilisation. In this study the toxicity of the cross‐linker genipin (GP) was examined in avascular (tendon) and vascular (dermis) tissue.MethodsHigh doses of GP were injected intratendinously into three yearling horses and evaluated at various time points up to 30 days. A second group of three yearlings were injected into the dermis and evaluated at various time points up to 1 year. Metrics used included lameness, circumferential swelling, ultrasound evaluation, microscopic morphology, collagen production and systemic effect on blood parameters.ResultsThe tendon injection sites exhibited mild lameness and swelling with no apparent systemic toxicity or stabilisation defects. Treated tendons exhibited increased linear collagen microscopically. Dermal injections showed similar results, with mild swelling at the injection site. Microscopic morphology resulted in a decrease in dermal collagen at 30 days post‐injection. Dermis injected at the high dose of 355 mmol/L examined 1 year post‐treatment appeared similar to the untreated biopsies; however, there was an increase in mature collagen.Conclusion
GP injection appeared to be well tolerated, with transient lameness and mild circumferential swelling when injected into the tendon and local tissue swelling when injected into the dermis. No systemic hypersensitivities or toxicities were observed. Microscopically, GP resulted in increased linear collagen in tendons at 30 days post‐injection and overall increased collagen in dermal tissue when evaluated 1 year post‐injection.
Screening allergic reactions to resol resin based on phenol and formaldehyde in a clinic of occupational dermatology
Authors: Aalto‐Korte Kristiina , Suuronen Katri 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundAllergic reactions to resol‐type phenol formaldehyde resin [phenol formaldehyde resin 2 (PFR2)] are relatively common. It has been suggested that PFR2 should be included in baseline series. However, a recent international study found clinical relevance in only 25% of patients.ObjectivesTo report the results of screening with PFR2 over a 5‐year period (2012–2016), and to study the clinical relevance of allergic reactions to PFR2 over a 15‐year period (2002–2016).MethodsAt the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PFR2 was added to the baseline series in 2012. We had previously tested PFR2 in the plastic and glue series. We searched the patch test files for patients with allergic reactions to PFR2, and analysed their patch test results, occupation, exposure, and diagnosis.ResultsDuring the screening period of 5 years, a total of 10 (1.6%) patients reacted positively to PFR2. Seven of these had occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR). In 3 patients, we found no exposure to PFR. Over the preceding 10 years, the clinical relevance of 10 additional allergic reactions to PFR2 was similarly high.ConclusionsIn an occupational dermatology clinic, 70% of PFR2 reactions were clinically relevant. Further studies in general dermatology clinics are needed.
Endoscopic findings following retroperitoneal pancreas transplantation
Authors: Pinchuk Alexey V. , Dmitriev Ilya V. , Shmarina Nonna V. , Teterin Yury S. , Balkarov Aslan G. , Storozhev Roman V. , Anisimov Yuri A. , Gasanov Ali M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimAn evaluation of the efficacy of endoscopic methods for the diagnosis and correction of surgical and immunological complications after retroperitoneal pancreas transplantation.Materials and MethodsFrom October 2011 to March 2015, 27 patients underwent simultaneous retroperitoneal pancreas–kidney transplantation (SPKT). Diagnostic oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with protocol biopsy of the donor and recipient duodenal mucosa and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) were performed to detect possible complications. Endoscopic stenting of the main pancreatic duct with plastic stents and three‐stage endoscopic hemostasis were conducted to correct the identified complications.ResultsEndoscopic methods showed high efficiency in the timely diagnosis and adequate correction of complications after retroperitoneal pancreas transplantation.
Mechanical dispersion and global longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography: Predictors of appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Candan Ozkan , Gecmen Cetin , Bayam Emrah , Guner Ahmet , Celik Mehmet , Doğan Cem 
Published: April 2017

PurposeIn this study, we investigated whether mechanical dispersion which reflects electrical abnormality and other echocardiographic and clinic parameters predict appropriate ICD shock in patients undergone ICD implantation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.MethodsSixty‐three patients who received ICD implantation for primary or secondary prevention were included in the study. Patients’ clinical, electrocardiographic, 2D classic, and speckle tracking echocardiographic data were collected. Mechanical dispersion was defined as the standard deviation of time to peak negative strain in 18 left ventricular segments. Appropriate ICD therapy was defined as cardioversion or defibrillation due to ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Patients were divided into two groups as occurrence or the absence of appropriate ICD therapy.ResultsA total of 17 (26.9%) patients were observed to have an appropriate ICD therapy during follow‐up periods. In patients who performed appropriate ICD therapy, a larger left atrial volume index, higher sudden cardiac death (SCD)‐Risk Score, longer mechanical dispersion, and decreased global longitudinal peak strain (GLPS) were observed. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, including (GLPS, mechanical dispersion, LAVi, and SCD‐Risk Score) was used to determine independent predictors of occurrence of appropriate ICD therapy during the follow‐up. Mechanical dispersion, GLPS, and SCD‐Risk Score were found to be independent predictors of occurrence of appropriate ICD therapy.ConclusionsMechanical dispersion, GLPS, and SCD‐Risk Score were found to be predictive for appropriate ICD therapy in patients receiving ICD implantation. Readily measurable mechanical dispersion and GLPS could be helpful to distinguish patients at high risk who could optimally benefit from ICD therapy.
Life‐threatening injury caused by complete impalement of a toothbrush: Case report
Authors: Umibe Akiko , Omura Kazuhiro , Hachisu Takuya , Anazawa Utaro , Tanaka Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2017

AbstractToothbrushes are the most common cause of foreign body injury to the oral cavity in children, but complete impalement by a toothbrush is an extremely rare occurrence and has not been reported previously. This report describes a 28‐month‐old girl who fell from a 1m ledge while brushing her teeth. Her toothbrush penetrated the oral cavity and could not be removed, and so she was rushed to the hospital with the toothbrush in place. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed penetration of the toothbrush from the oral cavity into and through the right posterior neck at the level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. Angiography was performed under general anesthesia, and the toothbrush was removed. In consultation with pediatricians, antibiotic infusion therapy was started, and the patient was extubated on the 5th post‐operative day. There were no complications even after eating was resumed, and the patient was discharged on the 13th post‐operative day. A toothbrush is an essential item in daily life, but it can cause serious injuries in children in some circumstances.
Microtubule stabilization promoted axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal root avulsion
Authors: Li Heng , Wu Wutian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA spinal root avulsion injury disconnects spinal roots with the spinal cord. The rampant motoneuron death, inhibitory CNS/PNS transitional zone (TZ) for axonal regrowth and limited regeneration speed together lead to motor dysfunction. Microtubules rearrange to assemble a new growth cone and disorganized microtubules underline regeneration failure. It has been shown that microtubule‐stabilizing drug, Epothilone B, enhanced axonal regeneration and attenuated fibrotic scaring after spinal cord injury. Here, we are reporting that after spinal root avulsion+ re‐implantation in adult rats, EpoB treatment improved motor functional recovery and potentiated electrical responses of motor units. It facilitated axons to cross the TZ and promoted more and bigger axons in the peripheral nerve. Neuromuscular junctions were reformed with better preserved postsynaptic structure, and muscle atrophy was prevented by EpoB administration. Our study showed that EpoB was a promising therapy for promoting axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.