bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid waste management during monthly environmental sanitation exercise in Ibadan municipality Nigeria
Authors: Faniran Gbemiga Bolade , Afon Abel Omoniyi , Dada Olanrewaju Timothy 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the management of solid waste during monthly environmental sanitation exercise in different residential areas of Ibadan municipality, Nigeria. The study also examined how the government performed its responsibility during the exercise. This is expected to assist in improving the conduct of sanitation exercise in one of Africa’s populous indigenous settlement, Ibadan.

Design/methodology/approach
Collection of data for the study was through participant observation, administration of questionnaire, and interview. As a way of participating and observing, the authors were involved in the conduct of the exercise in the different residential areas of Ibadan municipality. Questionnaire was administered on respondents drawn from one of every ten buildings (10 percent) in the study area using systematic sampling technique. A respondent (preferably a household head) was surveyed from a floor of selected residential building. A total of 367 copies of questionnaire were completed and returned for analysis. Information provided in the questionnaire was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Interview was conducted to collect information from the head of environmental sanitation unit in each of the five local government areas of Ibadan municipality.

Findings
The most widely used medium of storing solid waste was the polythene bag, which accounted for 22.8 percent of all the storage receptacles and was employed by 50.4 percent of the residents. Similarly, residents employed a combination of waste disposal methods which included burning, and dumping in the drains, river banks and on vacant plots. Methods of solid waste storage and disposal varied across the different residential areas of Ibadan municipality. It was established that despite the huge amount of money expended on the collection of solid waste during the exercise, only government-owned vans constituted less environmental health hazard.

Practical implications
It would assist in evaluating the success and failure of the monthly environmental sanitation exercise. It would also reveal to policy makers’ direction to which policy initiative should focus. Findings of the study could serve as a guide for the management of solid waste from similar exercises in countries of the developing world with similar socio-economic and environmental sanitation practices.

Originality/value
Presented in this paper are results of an investigation into solid waste management during monthly environmental sanitation exercise in Ibadan municipality, Nigeria. The study was an attempt at examining the different storage and disposal methods employed by households in the management of solid waste during the exercise. It also revealed what is committed financially into the collection and transportation of solid waste for final disposal during the exercise by government.
Self‐regulated learning from illustrated text: Eye movement modelling to support use and regulation of cognitive processes during learning from multimedia
Authors: Scheiter Katharina , Schubert Carina , Schüler Anne 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundWhen learning with text and pictures, learners often fail to adequately process the materials, which can be explained as a failure to self‐regulate one's learning by choosing adequate cognitive learning processes. Eye movement modelling examples (EMME) showing how to process multimedia instruction have improved elementary school children's learning from text and pictures in previous studies.AimsWe tested whether the positive effects of EMME for improving self‐regulated multimedia learning extend to university students and teaching of more comprehensive processing strategies. Moreover, we investigated whether EMME's effectiveness depends upon a learner's cognitive prerequisites.SampleParticipants were 50 university students (38 female; M = 26.88 years) with different study majors.MethodsDifferent prior knowledge aspects were assessed as cognitive prerequisites. Before learning about mitosis from a multimedia instruction, students either received no intervention or saw EMME demonstrating various multimedia learning processes. Learning outcomes and eye movements served as dependent variables.ResultsLearners in the EMME group showed more intense processing of pictures and more frequent transitions between text and pictures. Weaker learners showed poorer recall performance after having studied EMME, whereas EMME had no effect on stronger students. In the forced‐choice verification task, stronger students benefitted from EMME, whereas no effect occurred for weaker students. The picture‐processing time was suited to explain the positive effects of EMME for stronger students.ConclusionsOur results indicate that EMME illustrating a comprehensive set of cognitive processes support multimedia learning for stronger university students.
cAMP‐dependent post‐translational modification of neuronal nitric oxide synthase neuroprotects penile erection in rats
Authors: Karakus Serkan , Musicki Biljana , La Favor Justin D. , Burnett Arthur L. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) phosphorylation, nNOS uncoupling, and oxidative stress in the penis and major pelvic ganglia (MPG), before and after the administration of the cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) agonist colforsin in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI),which mimics nerve injury after prostatectomy.Materials and MethodsAdult male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into BCNI and sham‐operated groups. Each group included two subgroups: vehicle and colforsin (0.1 mg/kg/day i.p.). After 3 days, erectile function (intracavernosal pressure) was measured and penis and MPG were collected for molecular analyses of phospho (P)‐nNOS (Ser‐1412 and Ser‐847), total nNOS, nNOS uncoupling, binding of protein inhibitor of nNOS (PIN) to nNOS, gp91phox subunit of NADPH oxidase, active caspase 3, PKA catalytic subunit α (PKA‐Cα; by Western blot) and oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] and superoxide by Western blot and microdialysis method).ResultsErectile function was decreased 3 days after BCNI and normalized by colforsin. nNOS phosphorylation on both positive (Ser‐1412) and negative (Ser‐847) regulatory sites, and nNOS uncoupling, were increased after BCNI in the penis and MPG, and normalized by colforsin. H2O2 and total reactive oxygen species production were increased in the penis after BCNI and normalized by colforsin. Protein expression of gp91phox was increased in the MPG after BCNI and was normalized by colforsin treatment. Binding of PIN to nNOS was increased in the penis after BCNI and was normalized by colforsin treatment. Protein expression of active Caspase 3 was increased in the MPG after BCNI and was normalized by colforsin treatment. Protein expression of PKA‐Cα was decreased in the penis after BCNI and normalized by colforsin.ConclusionCollectively, BCNI impairs nNOS function in the penis and MPG by mechanisms involving its phosphorylation and uncoupling in association with increased oxidative stress, resulting in erectile dysfunction. PKA activation by colforsin reverses these molecular changes and preserves penile erection in the face of BCNI.
Risk of subsequent attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children and adolescents with amalgam restorations: A nationwide longitudinal study
Authors: Lin Po‐Yen , Wang Jui , Chiang Yu‐Chih , Lai Chen‐Yin , Chang Hong‐Ji , Chi Lin‐Yang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesDental amalgam has been used as a common restorative material since the 1800s, but concerns have been raised regarding its purported neuropsychological effects due to the neurotoxicity of mercury. In this study, a nationwide population‐based database was employed to investigate the association of dental amalgam restoration with the risk of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsAfter matching, 88 068 young people with at least one tooth restoration during 2002‐2010 and no ADHD history before 2001 were selected and then collected the further information until the end of 2011. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate the possible effect of amalgam restorations on the risk of ADHD during the period of 2002‐2011. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, sex and number of amalgam restorations.ResultsIn total, 2073 people (2.4%) received an ADHD diagnosis during the study period, yielding an incidence rate of 32.4 per 100 000 person‐years. Those who had 6 or more amalgam restorations had a higher risk of future ADHD in the unadjusted Cox proportional hazard regression model (hazard ratio=1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.04‐1.38, P=.015) than those who had received composite resin or glass ionomer restorations. However, after adjustment for potential confounding factors, the result was found to be confounded by age.ConclusionsThe univariate analysis results showed that those who had 6 or more amalgam restorations had a 20% higher risk of future ADHD; however, the association disappeared after the model was adjusted for age. Despite this study analysing a larger sample than those analysed in previous studies, no association was observed between young patients’ having received amalgam restorations and a future ADHD diagnosis. Further research aimed at evaluating the association between dental amalgam and other subsequent neuropsychological effects is warranted, especially for people who are vulnerable to mercury exposure.
Social media use in German visceral surgeons: a cross‐sectional study of a national cohort
Authors: Boßelmann C. M. , Griffiths B. , Gallagher H. J. , Matzel K. E. , Brady R. R. W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimEngagement in social media is increasing. Medical professionals have been adapting LinkedIn, a professional networking site, and Twitter, a microblogging service, for a number of uses. This development has been described for a number of medical specialties, but there remains a paucity of European data. A study was undertaken to measure the engagement and activity of German visceral surgeons on social media platforms.MethodVisceral surgeons were identified from 15 regional Associations of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (Kassenärztliche Vereinigungen) opt‐in registers. A manual search was subsequently performed across key professional social media platforms. The presence of a profile and key markers of use were recorded.ResultsIn total, 575 visceral surgeons were identified. 523 (93%) were men. 183 (31%) surgeons engaged in professional social media. 22 (3.8%) used Twitter, producing a mean of 16.43 tweets with a mean of 7.57 followers. 137 (24%) surgeons had a profile on LinkedIn with a mean of 46.36 connections. Female surgeons were less connected on LinkedIn (P < 0.005). 60 (10%) used Xing, with a mean of 27.95 connections. There were no significant differences in use of social media between surgeons from Eastern and Western Germany (P = 0.262) or male and female surgeons (P = 0.399).ConclusionsGerman visceral surgeons are less engaged and less active on social media than previously examined cohorts. Loco‐regional, cultural, demographic and regulatory matters may have a significant influence on uptake. If this surgical cohort wishes to have a wider international presence then education on the potential benefits of these tools may be needed.
Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation test in children
Authors: Burman Janne , Lukkarinen Heikki , Elenius Varpu , Remes Sami , Kuusela Tom , Jartti Tuomas 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundIn children, exercise‐induced dyspnea is a common symptom that can be due to dysfunctional breathing. EVH test has bee used especially in elite athletes as bronchoprovocation test. Currently, there are only few studies on the EVH test. New research methods are required alongside the traditionally used tests especially due to dysfunctional breathing disorder.PurposeThe purpose of the “pilot study” was to study the usability of the EVH test with real time biofeedback in children of 10–16 years of age in the diagnostics of exercise‐induced dyspnea.MethodsSix 10‐16‐year‐old teenagers with history of exercise‐induced dyspnea and three healthy control subjects were selected for the study. A 6‐minute EVH test with realtime biofeedback was performed on the patients and the diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of clinical findings and spirometry follow‐up either as normal, asthma or dysfunctional breathing.ResultsThe study was successful in the patients. In the spirometry follow‐up, three patients had bronchoconstriction (FEV1 decline over 10%), dysfunctional breathing condition was observed in three patients and three control patients experienced no symptoms. Only two DFB‐patients didn't reach the target level of minute ventilation due to a clinical symptom (inspiratory stridor).ConclusionThe EVH test was successful in the 10‐16‐year‐old children having participated in the study and the test was well tolerated. Through the study, it was possible to provoke both dysfunctional breathing disorder and bronchoconstriction in the symptomatic patients. Based on the pilot study, EVH test seems to be usable in the diagnostics of pediatric exercise‐induced dyspnea but larger studies are warranted to confirm our preliminary findings.
Left atrial phasic function and heart rate variability in patients with systemic sclerosis: A new part of the old puzzle
Authors: Tadic Marijana , Zlatanovic Maja , Cuspidi Cesare , Stevanovic Ana , Kocijancic Vesna , Pavlovic Sinisa U. , Damjanov Nemanja , Celic Vera 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveWe aimed to research left atrial (LA) phasic function and heart rate variability (HRV), as well as their relationship, in subjects with uncomplicated systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsThe investigation involved 44 SSc patients and 33 age‐matched healthy controls. All participants underwent clinical examination, serological tests, 24‐hours Holter monitoring, and echocardiographic examination including strain analysis.ResultsMaximum, minimum, and pre‐A LA volumes and volume indices were higher in the SSc patients than in the controls. The total emptying fraction, the parameter of the LA reservoir function, as well as passive LA emptying fraction, which represents the LA conduit function, were significantly lower in the SSc patients compared to the controls. Active LA emptying fraction, the parameter of the LA booster pump function, was significantly higher in the SSc participants. There was no difference in LA reservoir function between the diffuse and the limited SSc form. LA conduit function was significantly decreased, whereas LA booster pump function was compensatory increased in the diffuse SSc form compared to the limited SSc form. Similar results were obtained by LA strain analysis. HRV indices were significantly decreased in the SSc patients. Modified Rodnan skin score, the parameter of skin involvement in SSc, and HRV indices correlated well with LA phasic function in SSc.ConclusionLeft atrial (LA) phasic function, assessed by both volumetric and strain method, as well as cardiac autonomic nervous function is significantly deteriorated in SSc patients. Skin score and HRV indices correlate with LA phasic function parameters.
The association between performance appraisal systems, work‐related attitudes and academic performance
Authors: Su Sophia , Baird Kevin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study examines the association between Brown et al.’s (2010) four dimensions of the quality of the performance appraisal system (the clarity, communication, fairness and trust) with the work‐related attitudes [job‐related stress, employee organisational commitment (EOC) and propensity to remain] of Australian accounting academics. Furthermore, the study examines the influence of such work‐related attitudes on academic performance in respect to research, teaching and community service. Data were collected from a mail survey distributed to accounting academics within Australian universities. The results indicate that all four dimensions of the quality of the performance appraisal system were associated with work‐related attitudes. Specifically, communication, fairness and clarity were positively associated with the level of EOC, trust was negatively associated with job‐related stress and fairness was positively associated with the propensity to remain. With respect to the effect on academic performance, job‐related stress was found to be negatively associated with research performance, while the level of EOC was positively associated with both teaching and community service. The findings highlight the importance of improving the quality of performance appraisal systems within the Australian higher education sector.
The Demand for Index-Based Flood Insurance in a High-Income Country
Authors: Achtnicht Martin , Osberghaus Daniel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIncreased flooding is expected to be one of the greatest threats caused by climate change. Flood insurance helps to cope with the risk of flooding, but take-up rates are relatively low in many places. Mainly in developing countries, index-based flood insurance - where the insurer’s payout is based on pre-agreed weather indices instead of actual loss - has been marketed recently. In this paper, we investigate whether the introduction of index-based flood insurance with relatively low premiums is likely to attract new customers in a high-income country, namely Germany. We use data from a discrete choice experiment combined with damage data for a major flood in 2013. We find index-based flood insurance to attract similar customers as traditional damage-based, while the latter is preferred on average. Our results suggest that not many new customers would enter the market, once index-based flood insurance were available.
Markers of nutritional status and mortality in older adults: The role of anemia and hypoalbuminemia
Authors: Corona Ligiana Pires , de Oliveira Duarte Yeda Aparecida , Lebrão Maria Lúcia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of anemia and hypoalbuminemia on mortality in a 5‐year period.MethodsThis was longitudinal population‐based observational survey part of the Saúde, Bem‐Estar e Envelhecimento study (Health, Well‐being and Aging), carried out with 1256 older adults from the third wave of the cohort, followed for 5 years, when they were contacted for the fourth wave, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Anemia was defined when hemoglobin was <12 g/dL for women and <13 g/dL for men, and hypoalbuminemia when serum albumin was <3.5 g/dL. Survival functions were estimated according to nutritional status in four groups: (i) without nutritional alteration; (ii) anemia only; (iii) hypoalbuminemia only; and (iv) anemia and hypoalbuminemia. Hazard ratios were calculated, following the Cox proportional hazards model, controlling for baseline covariates. All analyses considered sample weights, and were carried out using the Stata 12.ResultsAfter the 5‐year period, 12.3% of the participants died, and 8.2% were lost to follow up. Those who died had lower hemoglobin and albumin concentrations (13.4 g/dL and 3.7 g/dL) compared with survivors (14.3d/dL and 3.9 g/dL; P < 0.001). The crude death rate was 27.6/1000 person‐years for participants in group i, 124.3 in group ii, 116.0 in group iii and 222.8 in group iv (P < 0.001). In the final Cox models, group 2 and 3 had a similar effect (hazard ratio 2.23, P = 0.020; 2.53, P = 0.005; respectively) and group 4 had a higher risk (hazard ratio 3.36; P = 0.004).ConclusionsAnemia and hypoalbuminemia are important markers for death in older adults, and have an additive effect on mortality. Because they are common and cost‐effective biomarkers, their use should be encouraged in geriatric evaluation for all health professionals and in population settings, such as primary care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 177–182.
Was Sigmund Freud's death hastened?
Authors: Macleod Alastair D. (Sandy) 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe terminal illness of Sigmund Freud has been considered by many authors to be an example of physician‐enacted euthanasia. A review and a reconsideration of the published literature by Freud's doctors and biographers cast doubt on this opinion. Over his last 48 h, Freud was administered substantial morphine doses to sedate and relieve his pain. However, from a pharmacological perspective, the timing of his death would not be consistent with that of a fatal dose of opioid. Freud died a natural death.
‘To die with dignity’: an update on Palliative Care
Authors: Brennan Frank 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSignificant developments have occurred in the discipline of palliative care in the modern era. This paper shall explore those developments, challenge some widely held misconceptions about the role and daily practice of the discipline, highlight the growing recognition of the role of palliative care in non‐malignant diseases, briefly discuss innovations in symptom management and reflect on the underlying principles, maturation and challenges faced by the discipline.
Cross‐cultural adaptation, reproducibility and validation of the Italian version of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS)
Authors: Vercelli Stefano , Ferriero Giorgio , Bravini Elisabetta , Stissi Valeria , Ciceri Matteo , Rossetti Sara , Bianchi Sara , Sartorio Francesco 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) is one of the most robust instruments to assess scar quality, but there is no Italian version, and no other competing instruments are available in Italian. The aim of this study was to translate and validate an Italian version of POSAS (POSAS‐I).POSASv2.0 was culturally adapted in accordance with international standards. The psychometric assessment included acceptability/feasibility, internal consistency, reproducibility, construct validity and sensitivity to change.Cultural equivalence of POSAS‐I with the English version was confirmed. The validation study included 102 subjects with surgical scars. Both subscales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0·72–0·80). Reproducibility of the OSAS‐I (ICCs = 0·93–0·94; SEM = 1·8 points; MDC95 = 5·1 points) was superior to that of PSAS‐I (ICC = 0·65; SEM = 5·7 points; MDC95 = 15·7 points). OSAS‐I showed moderate to good correlations with the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), Global Rating of Change Scale (GRCS) and PSAS‐I. Sensitivity to change was large for PSAS‐I (effect size = 1·08; standardised response mean = 0·96) and moderate to large for OSAS‐I (ES = 0·69; SRM = 0·92).This study confirmed that POSAS‐I can be used to assess patients with surgical scars in the Italian population. OSAS‐I is useful for clinical and research purposes, while PSAS‐I should be better used to capture patients' own opinions and symptoms in clinical settings.