bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histoanatomical characteristics to increase the success in transoral surgery for hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Chitose Shun‐ichi , Sato Kiminori , Fukahori Mioko , Sueyoshi Shintaro , Kurita Takashi , Ono Takeharu , Shin Buichiro , Mihashi Ryota , Umeno Hirohito 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTransoral laser microsurgery (TLM) for hypopharyngeal cancer results in a lower incidence of complications than conventional open surgery. However, additional knowledge regarding the histoanatomical characteristics of the hypopharynx is necessary to prevent severe complications during TLM. The purpose of this study is to investigate the histoanatomical characteristics of the hypopharynx for TLM.Study DesignHistoanatomical study.MethodsWhole organ serial sections of three hypopharynges and larynges from autopsy cases were subjected to hematoxylin & eosin and Elastica van Gieson staining. Surgical histoanatomy of the hypopharynx was observed with each section, and the histoanatomical characteristics directly related to TLM performance were examined microscopically.ResultsThe histological structures of muscle layers showed obvious differences between each hypopharyngeal subsite. The posterolateral wall had two kinds of pharyngeal elevator muscles. These fasciae were connected to the perichondrium of the thyroid cartilage. The anterolateral wall between the superior horn and the lamina of the thyroid cartilage had no muscle layer. The superior laryngeal artery and the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve run into the larynx and hypopharynx at that site. The inner perichondrium of the thyroid cartilage was present beneath the mucosa. The dihedral angle of the anterior piriform fossa had a deep propria mucosa and paraglottic space. The postcricoid wall consisted of a multilayered structure, including cricoid cartilage covered with laryngeal muscles and mucosa.ConclusionA precise understanding of the histoanatomical characteristics of the hypopharynx increases the success of TLM, decreases complication rates, and improves laryngeal preservation.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 126:1783–1789, 2016
Risk factors for residual obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy in children
Authors: Imanguli Matin , Ulualp Seckin O. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the prevalence of residual obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children who had adenotonsillectomy (AT) and to identify the risk factors for residual OSA after AT.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsChildren with OSA who had AT at a tertiary care children's hospital were reviewed. Data pertaining to demographics, past medical history, body mass index, tonsil and adenoid size, and polysomnography were obtained. Residual OSA was defined as apnea hypopnea index (AHI) greater than 2. The rate of residual OSA and risk factors for residual OSA were assessed.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐nine children with OSA underwent polysomnography before and after AT. The prevalence of residual OSA was 38%. The prevalence of residual OSA in obese patients (49%) was higher than that of nonobese patients (27%) (P = .02). Patients with neurological/developmental/craniofacial abnormalities had higher prevalence of residual OSA (44%) than patients without comorbidities (33%) (P < .05). The prevalence of residual OSA in patients with severe OSA (42%) was higher than patients with moderate (29%) or mild OSA (0%) (P = .03). Teenage patients (67%) had a higher prevalence of residual OSA than toddlers (27%), preschooler (33%), and middle childhood groups (29%) (P = .03).ConclusionsThe majority of children had improvement in OSA after AT. The choice of AHI threshold used to define residual OSA influenced the prevalence of residual OSA. Teenagers and children with obesity, comorbidities including neurological/developmental/craniofacial abnormalities alone or in combination with asthma, or severe OSA have a high risk of residual OSA.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:2624–2629, 2016
Leg Movements During General Anesthesia
Authors: Vanegas‐Arroyave Nora , Zaghloul Kareem A , Hallett Mark , Lungu Codrin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractView Supplementary Video 1The authors describe a case of atypical leg movements during general anesthesia. The differential diagnosis of this presentation includes rhythmic movement phenomena, such as leg myoclonus, alternating leg muscle activation, and periodic leg movements of sleep. The patient had a history of tremor‐predominant Parkinson's disease since age 43 years. He underwent deep brain stimulation surgery at the National Institutes of Health after an overnight dopaminergic medication withdrawal. Shortly after anesthetic induction, he developed periodic, involuntary movements of his legs that were stereotyped, bilateral and synchronous. The movements were characterized by partial flexion of the ankle, knee, and hip for 3 or 4 seconds at intervals of 5 to 10 seconds. After cessation of the anesthetic infusion, his movements promptly subsided. The total duration of the event was approximately 2 minutes. There were no residual motor or sensory deficits on neurologic examination. Although the exact mechanism responsible for the described observation requires further investigation, this phenomenology should be known, because its occurrence under intravenous anesthetics could be confused for other, pathophysiologically different phenomena.
From amino acid sequence to bioactivity: The biomedical potential of antitumor peptides
Authors: Blanco‐Míguez Aitor , Gutiérrez‐Jácome Alberto , Pérez‐Pérez Martín , Pérez‐Rodríguez Gael , Catalán‐García Sandra , Fdez‐Riverola Florentino , Lourenço Anália , Sánchez Borja 
Published: March 2016

AbstractChemoprevention is the use of natural and/or synthetic substances to block, reverse, or retard the process of carcinogenesis. In this field, the use of antitumor peptides is of interest as, (i) these molecules are small in size, (ii) they show good cell diffusion and permeability, (iii) they affect one or more specific molecular pathways involved in carcinogenesis, and (iv) they are not usually genotoxic. We have checked the Web of Science Database (23/11/2015) in order to collect papers reporting on bioactive peptide (1691 registers), which was further filtered searching terms such as “antiproliferative,” “antitumoral,” or “apoptosis” among others. Works reporting the amino acid sequence of an antiproliferative peptide were kept (60 registers), and this was complemented with the peptides included in CancerPPD, an extensive resource for antiproliferative peptides and proteins. Peptides were grouped according to one of the following mechanism of action: inhibition of cell migration, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, antioxidative mechanisms, inhibition of gene transcription/cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, disorganization of tubulin structure, cytotoxicity, or unknown mechanisms. The main mechanisms of action of those antiproliferative peptides with known amino acid sequences are presented and finally, their potential clinical usefulness and future challenges on their application is discussed.
An Expedient Approach to Synthesize Aryl‐α‐ketoamides from Acetophenones and N,N‐Dimethylformamide
Authors: Liu Weibing , Xu Songsen , Chen Cui , Zhu Zhibo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA novel oxidative coupling of acetophenones with N,N‐dimethylformamide to synthesize aryl‐α‐ketoamides was developed by using copper oxide and iodine as the additives. For this conversion, DMF works not only as the solvent but also as the surrogate of dimethylamine. Besides, additional oxidants, such as peroxides or dioxygen, are not necessary, and atmospheric oxygen acts as the oxidant.
Unsymmetrically substituted room temperature discotic liquid crystals based on hexa–peri–hexabenzocoronene core
Authors: Setia Shilpa , Pal Santanu Kumar 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe first discotic system based‐on alkoxy (tri‐ & di‐) substituted hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) that self‐organizes into room temperature columnar structure is reported. Tri‐ and di‐ substituted HBC derivatives showed reddish and yellowish green fluorescence under long wavelength (365 nm) UV light illumination in solution as well as in thin films in the liquid crystalline (LC) state at room temperature, respectively. Thermotropic LC behavior of these compounds was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. Tri‐alkoxy derivative was found to self‐organize into a highly ordered columnar rectangular mesophase, while the other (di‐) possessed a columnar hexagonal mesophase, indicating that in spite of their non‐planarity, the aromatic cores in the mesophase are tightly packed to give highly ordered phases. This system is a promising candidate as an active component of organic light emitting devices, due to its facile processability, low band gap, luminescence and exceptionally higher ordered self‐organization behavior in the mesophase derived from X‐ray scattering studies.
All-Arthroscopic Modified Rotator Interval Slide for Massive Anterosuperior Cuff Tears Using the Subdeltoid Space: Surgical Technique and Early Results
Authors: Corpus Keith T. , Taylor Samuel A. , O'Brien Stephen J. , Gulotta Lawrence V. 
Published: March 2016

Background Traditional intra-articular arthroscopic repair techniques for massive anterosuperior rotator cuff tears are technically demanding and necessitate sacrifice of the rotator interval to enable visualization. An interval slide allows mobilization through release of the medial aspect of the rotator interval, while leaving the lateral, bridging fibers intact. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study was to report a novel, arthroscopic, open-equivalent technique using the subdeltoid space to address these tears along with early clinical results. Methods A retrospective review of prospectively collected data identified 11 consecutive arthroscopic massive anterosuperior rotator cuff repairs with a concomitant biceps tenodesis performed by the senior surgeon using a uniform technique. Outcome measures included range of motion, visual analog scale for pain, rotator cuff strength, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) outcome scale, and Short Form-12 (SF-12). Results Average length of follow-up was 22.2 months (range 12.5–30.0 months). Visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, ASES, and SF-12 all demonstrated significant improvement from pre-op to final follow-up from 6.2 to 0.9 ( p < 0.05), 27.4 to 82.8 ( p < 0.05), and 26.6 to 45.5 ( p < 0.05) respectively. Average forward flexion improved from 145° to 160° ( p < 0.05). Seven of the nine patients with a positive preoperative belly press had a negative test at final follow-up. Nine of the 10 patients with a positive lift off test demonstrated a negative test on final follow-up. Ninety-one percent reported they were satisfied with their outcome. Conclusions The described modified all-arthroscopic subdeltoid approach for anterosuperior cuff repairs enabled an open-equivalent interval slide technique that preserved the bridging lateral fibers of the rotator interval and demonstrated promising early-term clinical results.
Deformable plate tectonics and regional geodynamic model of the Arctic region and Northeastern Asia
Authors: Lobkovsky L.I. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The difficulties and contradictions of the classical concept of plate tectonics are discussed. It was shown the postulate of rigid plates and Euler’s theorem on the motion of rigid body with one fixed point, which is the basis of the kinematic description of plate tectonics, cannot be universally applied, e.g., to the analysis of Cretaceous reconstructions of the North Atlantic and Arctic. The second postulate of the existence of lithosphere as separate and distinct tectonic plates, which is equivalent to the assumption on the continuity of all plate boundaries, is not satisfied. This study provides a generalization of the theory of classical plate tectonics, in which plates are treated as deformable bodies, the concept of deformable plate tectonics. The study also discusses a new regional geodynamic model for the Cretaceous and Cenozoic evolution of lithosphere beneath Arctic and Northeastern Asia. The model is based on the assumption of a laterally extended convection cell in the upper mantle driven by a conveyor-belt-like process of subduction of the Pacific plate. The proposed model provides a physically sound explanation for the standard tectonomagmatic processes, such as island arc roll-back and opening of back-arc basins, formation of continental rift zones and igneous provinces at great distances (over 1000 km) from subduction zones, etc.
The role of dynamometamorphism in the formation of ore deposits (by the example of the Tishinka and Ridder-Sokol’noe pyrite deposits in Rudny Altai)
Authors: Zinoviev S.V. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Dynamometamorphic lithologic transformations of ores and ore-hosting rocks are substantiated by the example of the Tishinka deposit and the upper beds of the Ridder-Sokol’noe deposit in Rudny Altai. The lenticular and lenticular-banded morphology of orebodies in the deposits is due to the in situ redeposition of ore substance in the form of bodies oriented concordantly with the direction of the maximum tangential stresses and, correspondingly, the general strike of the deformation-metamorphic structures. It is shown that dynamometamorphism is not only the structure- and rock-forming factor but also plays a great role in the concentration and localization of ores, favoring the formation of rich ore deposits in zones of intense deformations and structural and geochemical transformations. The age of the main phases of dynamometamorphic impact and the time of formation of the deposit orebodies are estimated. For the Tishinka deposit, it is 294–301 and 279–288 Ma (Early Permian), and for the lenticular orebodies of the upper beds of the Ridder–Sokol’noe deposit, ~ 307 Ma (Late Carboniferous).
Architects of fact and fiction
Authors: Hill Jonathan 
Published: March 2016

Conceiving a design as both a history and a fiction is not exclusive to the analogy of architecture to landscape. But it is central to this tradition because of the simultaneous and interdependent emergence in the early eighteenth century of new art forms, each of them a creative and questioning response to empiricism's detailed investigation of subjective experience and the natural world: the picturesque landscape, analytical history and English novel, which its early advocates conceived as a fictional autobiography and characterised as a history not a story. The conjunction of new art forms stimulated a lyrical environmentalism that profoundly influenced subsequent centuries, and is increasing relevant today due to anthropogenic climate change, which is now the principal means to consider the relations between nature and culture.While a prospect of the future is implicit in many histories and novels, it is explicit in a design, which is always imagined before it is built. Creative architects have often looked to the past to imagine the future, studying an earlier architecture not to replicate it but to understand and transform it, revealing its relevance to the present. Twenty-first century architects need to appreciate the shock of the old as well as the shock of the new.
The architectural essay film
Authors: Haralambidou Penelope 
Published: March 2016

Recent advancements in digital technology, have not only deeply transformed the production of film and architecture but brought the two disciplines closer than ever before. The digital has allowed ground-breaking, if not hasty, changes in the way that architecture is not only produced, but also designed and conceived. In contrast, however, to the extensive use of computational design to interrogate the formal, material and structural possibilities of architecture, this article explores how new time-based media and computer generated imagery in film can unlock the story-telling, political and philosophical potential of architecture. I will focus on three projects – Agit-Prop (2014) by Liam Davis, Wates House (2014) by Daniel Cotton and my project Déjà vu (2009) – which combine techniques and tropes from both cinema and design as a means for reflection and commentary in architecture.Originally coined by the German artist Hans Richter in the 1940s, the term ‘essay film’ describes an intimate, allusive and idiosyncratic genre at the margins between fiction and documentary. Richter poignantly suggests that the essay film makes the invisible world of thoughts and ideas visible on the screen; it produces complex thought-reflections that are not necessarily bound to reality, but can also be contradictory, irrational, and fantastical. Dealing with political and philosophical issues, the essay film is cinema at its most engaged and liberated.Examining the three projects in comparison to examples of essay films that reflect on architecture or the city, such as Dziga Vertov’s, Man with a Movie Camera (1929), Wim Wender’s, If Buildings Could Talk (2010), and Alain Resnais’s, Toute la mémoire du monde (1956), my aim is to propose a new hybrid genre lying at the boundaries between architectural design, theory and film, what I call: the ‘architectural essay film’.
ARHGAP10, downregulated in ovarian cancer, suppresses tumorigenicity of ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Luo N , Guo J , Chen L , Yang W , Qu X , Cheng Z 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRho GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) are implicated in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. ARHGAP10 is a member of RhoGAP proteins and inactivates Cdc42 by converting GTP-bound form to GDP-bound form. Here, we aimed to evaluate ARHGAP10 expression profile and functions in ovarian cancer. The decreased expression of ARHGAP10 was found in 77.3% (58/75) of ovarian cancer tissues, compared with their non-tumorous counterparts. Furthermore, overall survival in ovarian cancer patients with higher expression of ARHGAP10 was longer than those with lower expression. Ectopic expression of ARHGAP10 in two ovarian cancer cell lines with lower expression of ARHGAP10 (A2780 and HO-8910) dramatically suppressed cell proliferation in vitro. In nude mice, its stable overexpression significantly inhibited the tumorigenicity of A2780 cells. We further demonstrated that overexpression of ARHGAP10 significantly inhibited cell adhesion, migration and invasion, resulted in cell arrest in G1 phase of cell cycle and a significant increase of apoptosis. Moreover, ARHGAP10 interacted with Cdc42 and overexpression of ARHGAP10 inhibited the activity of Cdc42 in A2780 cells. Gene set enrichment analysis on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset showed that KEGG cell cycle, replication and base excision repair (BER) pathways were correlatively with the ARHGAP10 expression, which was further confirmed in ovarian cancer cells by western blotting. Hence, ARHGAP10 may serve as a tumor suppressor through inactivating Cdc42, as well as inhibiting cell cycle, replication and BER pathways. Our data suggest an important role of ARHGAP10 in the molecular etiology of cancer and implicate the potential application of ARHGAP10 in cancer therapy.
MiR-485-3p and miR-485-5p suppress breast cancer cell metastasis by inhibiting PGC-1α expression
Authors: Lou C , Xiao M , Cheng S , Lu X , Jia S , Ren Y , Li Z 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBreast cancer is the worldwide leading cause of cancer mortality in women. The majority of deaths from breast cancer arise from metastasis of local tumors. Cancer cells support their rapid proliferation by diverting metabolites into anabolic pathways, but during cancer metastasis, the proliferative program of invasive cancer cells is suspended for a migratory phenotype. In this study, we demonstrated that both mature forms of miRNA-485, miR-485-3p and miR-485-5p were involved in regulating mitochondrial respiration, cell migration and cell invasion in breast cancer cells by directly targeting and inhibiting the expression of PGC-1α. Specifically, the expression levels of both miR-485-3p and miR-485-5p were decreased in breast cancer tissues. Overexpression of miR-485-3p and miR-485-5p suppressed mitochondrial respiration and potential for cell migration and invasion in vitro, and also inhibited spontaneous metastasis of breast cancer cells in vivo. The suppression of mitochondrial respiration and cell invasion could be partially relieved by restoration of PGC-1α expression.
GW627368X inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer by interfering with EP4/EGFR interactive signaling
Authors: Parida S , Pal I , Parekh A , Thakur B , Bharti R , Das S , Mandal M 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPGE2, the major product of cyclooxygenases implicated in carcinogenesis, is significantly upregulated in cervical cancer. PGE2 via prostanoid receptor EP4 stimulates proliferation and motility while inhibiting apoptosis and immune surveillance. It promotes angiogenesis by stimulating the production of pro-angiogenic factors. The present study demonstrates GW627368X, a highly selective competitive EP4 antagonist, which hinders cervical cancer progression by inhibiting EP4/epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) interactive signaling. GW627368X reduced protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation which in turn leads to decreased cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation. Decreased PKA phosphorylation also directly enhanced Bax activity and in part reduced glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)β phosphorylation. Owing to the interactive signaling between EP4 and EGFR, GW627368X lowered EGFR phosphorylation in turn reducing Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and GSK3β activity significantly. Sublethal dose of GW627368X was found to reduce the nuclear translocation of β-catenin in a time dependent manner along with time-dependent decrease in cytoplasmic as well as whole-cell β-catenin. Decreased CREB and β-catenin transcriptional activity restricts the aberrant transcription of key genes like EP4, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, vascular endothelial growth factor and c-myc, which ultimately control cell survival, proliferation and angiogenesis. Reduced activity of EGFR resulted in enhanced expression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase increasing PGE2 degradation thereby blocking a positive feedback loop. In xenograft model, dose-dependent decrease in cancer proliferation was observed characterized by reduction in tumor mass and volume and a marked decrease in Ki67 expression. A diminished CD31 specific staining signified decreased tumor angiogenesis. Reduced expression of pAkt, pMAPK, pEGFR and COX-2 validated in vitro results. GW627368X therefore effectively inhibits tumor survival, motility, proliferation and angiogenesis by blocking EP4/EGFR interactive signaling. EP4 is a potent therapeutic target in cervical cancer and can be explored in combination with conventional therapies to attain superior outcomes and to overcome complications associated with organ toxicities, therapeutic resistance and disease relapse.