bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition from paediatric surgery: how many patients do we need to plan for?
Authors: Jones AR , John M , Singh SJ , Williams AR 
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION Transitional care is an NHS priority with newly published NICE guidance. Many paediatric surgical patients need quality care to continue into adulthood. We undertook an evaluation of our departmental activity to assess the magnitude of this issue. METHODS We identified all outpatients ≥ 15 years (potentially requiring imminent transition) seen over a 12 month period for all five general paediatric surgery consultants in our tertiary centre. Those patients requiring transition were highlighted and the appropriate adult team for referral recorded. RESULTS There were 2989 general paediatric surgery clinic appointments within the year; 289 (9.7%) were for young people aged 15 years or older; 62 patients (28% of those ≥ 15years) were deemed to require transition into adult care. Significantly more patients having colorectal surgery required follow-up (P = 0.0009 Chi-square test) compared with patients in other subspecialties. CONCLUSIONS More patients than expected required transition. This may be the case in other units. Current best practice includes time intensive preclinic planning, careful preparation of patient and family, followed by joint clinics. A joint clinic appointment takes 30 minutes, allowing for comprehensive handover and forging new relationships. In our department, we need at least ten transition clinics across 2 years. Coalition with adult colleagues is vital. These data enable us to plan services to provide quality care for our adolescent patients and highlights colorectal surgery as a priority.
feature article: Doing a lot with little: The camera’s minimalist point of view in the films of Aki Kaurismäki
Authors: Seppälä Jaakko 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Aki Kaurismäki’s film style has often been labelled minimalist, but the concept has been used without an exact definition and even fundamental questions relating to his minimalism have gone unanswered. This article contextualizes Kaurismäki’s cinematography as well as explores in detail his systematic and significant use of camera techniques that can be productively understood as minimalist. Examples demonstrate how Kaurismäki’s camera positions the audience in a specific relationship to the story world and its characters, guiding viewers to experience these from what is termed the camera’s minimalist point of view.
From sports facilities to sports organizations: The role of metropolitan municipalities<p>Spor tesislerinden spor organizasyonlarına: Türkiye’de büyükşehir belediyelerinin rolü
Authors: Temel Cenk , Akyol Ender 
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study is to determine the place and coverage of sports in the services of metropolitan municipalities in Turkey. The document analysis technique, which is one of the qualitative research methods, has been used in the study. For this purpose, a research form having 7 structured questions was sent to 30 municipalities that were accepted as 16 metropolitan municipalities in 2014, which is the year the study was conducted. The findings of the study were obtained from 16 metropolitan municipalities which answered to the research form. According to the findings, the sportive activities of the metropolitan municipalities are mainly realized as playground and facility investments, and there are no sufficient activities and data due to the conversion that was caused by the abolishment of Special Provincial Administrations and the Law 6360. On the other hand, in the municipalities that were established before the Law 6360, it is observed that there are sportive organizations intended for the participation of different age groups in different branches as well as investments on playgrounds and facilities. According to the findings, there is a conversion in Turkey about sportive organizations on the centralization and localization axis observed to have started from the center moving to the local areas via metropolitan municipalities with the Law 6360 and with the experiences of the metropolitan municipalities that were established before the same law. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de büyükşehir belediye hizmetlerinin içerisinde sporun yerinin ve kapsamının belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi tekniği benimsenmiştir. Bu amaçla araştırmanın gerçekleştirildiği 2014 yılında büyükşehir statüsünde olan toplam 30 büyükşehir belediyesine araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanmış ve içerisinde yedi yapılandırılmış soru bulunan araştırma formu gönderilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları araştırma formuna cevap veren 16 büyükşehir belediyesinden elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, büyükşehir belediyelerince spor faaliyetlerinin genellikle saha ve tesis yatırımları şeklinde gerçekleştirildiği, il özel idarelerinin kaldırılması ile yaşanan dönüşüm sonucunda ve 6360 sayılı yasa ile kurulan büyükşehir belediyelerinde spora ilişkin henüz yeterli bir faaliyetin ve verinin olmadığı, buna rağmen 6360 sayılı yasadan önce kurulmuş belediyelerde ise saha ve tesis yatırımlarının yanı sıra farklı branşlarda ve farklı yaş gruplarının katılımına yönelik sportif organizasyonların gerçekleştirildiği belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgulara göre, 6360 sayılı yasadan önce kurulmuş olan büyükşehir belediyelerinin deneyimi ve 6360 sayılı yasa ile Türkiye’de merkezileşme ve yerelleşme ekseninde sportif organizasyon konusunda büyükşehir belediyeleri aracılığıyla merkezden yerele doğru bir dönüşüm olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Peer groups splitting in Croatian EQA scheme: a trade-off between homogeneity and sample size number
Authors: Vlašić Tanasković Jelena , Coucke Wim , Leniček Krleža Jasna , Vuković Rodriguez Jadranka 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background:
Laboratory evaluation through external quality assessment (EQA) schemes is often performed as ‘peer group’ comparison under the assumption that matrix effects influence the comparisons between results of different methods, for analytes where no commutable materials with reference value assignment are available. With EQA schemes that are not large but have many available instruments and reagent options for same analyte, homogenous peer groups must be created with adequate number of results to enable satisfactory statistical evaluation. We proposed a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)-based test to evaluate heterogeneity of peer groups within the Croatian EQA biochemistry scheme and identify groups where further splitting might improve laboratory evaluation.

Methods:
EQA biochemistry results were divided according to instruments used per analyte and the MANOVA test was used to verify statistically significant differences between subgroups. The number of samples was determined by sample size calculation ensuring a power of 90% and allowing the false flagging rate to increase not more than 5%. When statistically significant differences between subgroups were found, clear improvement of laboratory evaluation was assessed before splitting groups.

Results:
After evaluating 29 peer groups, we found strong evidence for further splitting of six groups. Overall improvement of 6% reported results were observed, with the percentage being as high as 27.4% for one particular method.

Conclusions:
Defining maximal allowable differences between subgroups based on flagging rate change, followed by sample size planning and MANOVA, identifies heterogeneous peer groups where further splitting improves laboratory evaluation and enables continuous monitoring for peer group heterogeneity within EQA schemes.
Economic evaluation of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy in acute respiratory infections: a Chinese hospital system perspective
Authors: Stojanovic Ivana , Schneider John E. , Wei Long , Hong Zhan , Keane Clara , Schuetz Philipp 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground:Cost-impact models have indicated that in the USA, the use of antibiotic stewardship protocols based on procalcitonin (PCT) levels for patients with suspected acute respiratory tract infection results in cost savings. Our objective was to assess the cost impact of adopting PCT testing among patients with acute respiratory infections (ARI) from the perspective of a typical hospital system in urban China.Methods:To conduct an economic evaluation of PCT testing versus usual care we built a cost-impact model based on a previously published patient-level meta-analysis data of randomized trials including Chinese sites. The data were adapted to the China setting by applying the results to mean lengths of stay, costs, and practice patterns typically found in China. We estimated the annual ARI visit rate for the typical hospital system (assumed to be 1650 beds) and ARI diagnosis.Results:In the inpatient setting, the costs of PCT-guided care compared to usual care for a cohort of 16,405 confirmed ARI patients was almost 1.1 million Chinese yuan (CNY), compared to almost 1.8 million CNY for usual care, resulting in net savings of 721,563 CNY to a typical urban Chinese hospital system for 2015. In the ICU and outpatient settings, savings were 250,699 CNY and 2.4 million CNY, respectively. The overall annual net savings of PCT-guided care was nearly 3.4 million CNY.Conclusions:Substantial savings are associated with PCT protocols of ARI across common China hospital treatment settings mainly by direct reduction in unnecessary antibiotic utilization.
Rural Idyll Without Rural Sociology? Changing Features, Functions and Research of the Czech Countryside
Authors: Šimon Martin , Bernard Josef 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The development of the Czech countryside differs in many ways from trajectories typical for Eastern and Central European rural areas in the last 25 years. In our article, we discuss the nature of the ‘Czech exceptionalism’, with reference to three examples, namely population development, the dynamics of rural/agricultural labour markets and rural governance. Firstly, we describe the major driving forces behind rural development in Czechia over the past 25 years and how these forces are reflected in the academic discourse. Secondly, we argue that an important feature of rural regions in Czechia is their population growth combined with a rapid labour market transformation and a low social importance of agriculture. All these changes are interpreted as a shift towards multifunctionality of rural areas rather than as a general trend towards post-productivism; indeed, this is because large parts of rural areas remain economically based on industrial production. The ongoing transformations have been reflected only partially in an academic discourse. In conclusion, we argue that there is a need to re-examine the use of EEC as a concept framing the position of sociology in rural research.
Local Responses to the Structural Changes of National Development Policyin Hungarian Rural Regions
Authors: Perger Eva 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The paper is based on the preliminary results of an ongoing research programme supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund. The objective of the research is to find out how local actors react to the changing development policy context, how it shapes the local practices of local agents, and how such interactions influence local society and the development of rural micro-regions. The main pillars of the study are subject-oriented case-studies in two rural microregions. The pilot regions are very similar in terms of geographical location, natural resources, population, territory, settlement structure and economicsocial status, yet they have followed a very different development track, mainly due to the different local reactions to the changing state development policy. Our research demonstrates that the key factor of local success is multi-level (settlement, micro-region) cooperation between various (public, private and civil) local stakeholders. The crucial demand for a main facilitator of local cooperation could be satisfied by the local government, provided that it is able to adapt to the frequent changes leading to the emergence of new social networks. No evidence is found to indicate the existence of a ‘project class’ within the local rural societies assuming an intermediary role between decision makers and beneficiaries. The traditional structures of power (based on party- and economic hierarchy) seem to survive. Although project-based implementation has become predominant in development policy, the main arena of the ‘struggle’ to obtain development resources is still the political one.
Cooperative Movements in Rural Areas in Contemporary Poland: A Brief Comparison of Farmers’ Attitudes of Members and Non-memebrs of Coooperatives
Authors: Nowak Piotr , Jastrzębiec-Witowska Anna , Gorlach Krzysztof 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this paper the authors consider some issues concerning the problems of rural cooperatives in contemporary Poland. In the first part, the important role of cooperatives in agricultural changes as well as rural development has been stressed, especially as an opposition to neo-liberal tendencies in the food economy. In such a context, the authors would like to compare some opinions concerning cooperative movements presented by farmers who are members and non-members of cooperatives. The characteristics of respondents contain some information about their sex, age, level of education as well as ownership status, including also the size of the possessed farms. Moreover, the presentation of attitudes has been focussed on the issues of cooperation with other farmers as well as general trust in others. The issues of knowledge about cooperative ideas and contemporary cooperative movements have been taken into consideration. In the final part of the empirical analysis some opinions concerning major obstacles to the development of cooperative movements have been considered. To conclude the whole paper the authors stress some differences in opinions and attitudes between members and non-members of cooperatives. However, what seems to be even more important is that even farmers who are members of cooperatives lacked sufficient knowledge on issues that make cooperatives successful.
Religious Tourism in the South-Moravian and Zlín Regions: Proposal for Three New Pilgrimage Routes
Authors: Horák Miroslav , Kozumplíková Alice , Somerlíková Kristína , Lorencová Helena , Lampartová Ivana 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This article contains results of the research on religious tourism in the South Moravian and Zlín regions. The aim of this research was to identify new pilgrimage routes. The methodology was based on the implementation of survey interviewers and the design of religious and cultural tourism conceptual strategy. There were 1222 respondents participating in the survey interviewers. The results show that 58% of them consider ‘religious tourism’ a visit to pilgrimage places not just by believers and that 43% of respondents have never been to any pilgrimage. The conceptual strategy focused on the assessment of tourism potential of selected sites and designed 3 new pilgrimage routes: 1) Vranov - Křtiny - Velehrad; 2) Mikulov - Břeclav - Mikulčice (connection of St. Jacobs Route and European Cultural Route of St. Cyril and Methodius) and 3) Radhošť - Rajnochovice - Svatý Hostýn. Three priorities that may serve as a framework for the development of religious tourism in the South Moravian and Zlín regions were set as well.
The effects of thermal treatment on the nanomechanical behavior of bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex H. de Lehaie) cell walls observed by nanoindentation, XRD, and wet chemistry
Authors: Li Yanjun , Huang Chengjian , Wang Li , Wang Siqun , Wang Xinzhou 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The effects of thermal treatment of bamboo at 130, 150, 170, and 190°C for 2, 4, and 6 h were investigated in terms of changes in chemical composition, cellulose crystallinity, and mechanical behavior of the cell-wall level by means of wet chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nanoindentation (NI). Particularly, the reduced elastic modulus (E
r), hardness (H), and creep behavior were in focus. Both the temperature and treatment time showed significant effects. Expectedly, the hemicelluloses were degraded and the relative lignin content was elevated, while the crystallinity of the cellulose moiety was increased upon thermal treatment. The E
r and H data of the cell wall were increased after 6 h treatment at 190°C, from 18.4 to 22.0 GPa and from 0.45 to 0.65 GPa, respectively. The thermal treatment led to a decrease of the creep ratio (C
IT) under the same conditions by ca. 28%. The indentation strain state (ε
i) also decreased significantly after thermal treatment during the load-holding stage.
Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of leaf extract and fractions of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach) W.F. Wright
Authors: Sonibare Mubo A. , Ayoola Ibukun O. , Elufioye Taiwo O. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background:
This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the leaf extract and different fractions of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W. Wright, and also to identify and quantify some phenolic compounds in the extract.

Methods:
The antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the methanol extract (CME), ethyl acetate (EAF), chloroform (CHF), and n-hexane (NHF) fractions of A. adianthifolia leaves were subjected to in vitro chemical analyses.

Results:
Phytochemical screening revealed important classes of secondary metabolites. All extracts showed good antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. The EAF and CHF gave the highest total phenolic contents of 18.02±0.14 and 18.43±0.95 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract, respectively. The polar extracts gave the highest activity in both assays with lower IC50 values. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free-radical scavenging activity assay, the IC50 values of CME, EAF, CHF, and NHF were 77.74±0.84, 55.76±2.30, 58.47±0.72, and 232.24±2.70 µg/mL, respectively, while in the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory assay, the IC50 values of CME, EAF, CHF, and NHF were 11.80±0.88, 10.04±1.67, 17.44±1.74, and 124.38±1.51 µg/mL, respectively.

Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that the leaf of A. adianthifolia could serve as a potential candidate for future search of antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for the management of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Ashanti pepper (Piper guineense Schumach et Thonn) attenuates carbohydrate hydrolyzing, blood pressure regulating and cholinergic enzymes in experimental type 2 diabetes rat model
Authors: Adefegha Stephen Adeniyi , Oboh Ganiyu , Adefegha Omowunmi Monisola 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background:
Ashanti pepper (Piper guineense Schumach et Thonn) seed is well known in folkloric medicine in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with little or no scientific documentation for its action. This study investigated the effect of Ashanti pepper seed on some enzymes relevant to carbohydrate hydrolysis, blood regulation and the cholinergic system, as well as the blood glucose level, lipid profile, antioxidant parameters, and hepatic and renal function markers in T2DM rats.

Methods:
T2DM was induced by feeding rats with high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 days followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of 35 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ). Three days after STZ induction, diabetic rats were placed on a dietary regimen containing 2%–4% Ashanti pepper.

Results:
Reduced blood glucose level with decreased α-amylase, α-glucosidase and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activities were observed in Ashanti pepper seed and acarbose-treated rat groups when compared to that of the diabetic control rat group. Furthermore, the results revealed that inclusion of 2%–4% Ashanti pepper seed in diabetic rat fed group diets may ameliorate the lipid profile, antioxidant status, and hepatic and renal function in T2DM rats as much as in the acarbose-treated groups. In addition, a chromatographic profile of the seed revealed the presence of quercitrin (116.51 mg/g), capsaicin (113.94 mg/g), dihydrocapsaicin (88.29 mg/g) and isoquercitrin (74.89 mg/g).

Conclusions:
The results from this study clearly suggest that Ashanti pepper could serve as a promising source of phenolic compounds with great alternative therapeutic potentials in the management of T2DM.
Comparative studies on the effects of clinically used anticonvulsants on the oxidative stress biomarkers in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling model of epileptogenesis in mice
Authors: Mazhar Faizan , Malhi Saima M. , Simjee Shabana U. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background:
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and contributes in underlying epileptogenesis process. Anticonvulsant drugs targeting the oxidative stress domain of epileptogenesis may provide better control of seizure. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of clinically used anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) on the course of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling and oxidative stress markers in mice.

Methods:
Six mechanistically heterogeneous anticonvulsants: phenobarbital, phenytoin, levetiracetam, pregabalin, topiramate, and felbamate were selected and their redox profiles were determined. Diazepam was used as a drug control for comparison. Kindling was induced by repeated injections of a sub-convulsive dose of PTZ (50 mg/kg, s.c.) on alternate days until seizure score 5 was evoked in the control kindled group. Anticonvulsants were administered daily. Following PTZ kindling, oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed in homogenized whole brain samples and estimated for the levels of nitric oxide, peroxide, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, reduced glutathione, and activities of nitric oxide synthase and superoxide dismutase.

Results:
Biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species with a parallel decrease in endogenous anti-oxidants in PTZ-kindled control animals. Daily treatment with levetiracetam and felbamate significantly decreased the PTZ-induced seizure score as well as the levels of nitric oxide (p<0.001), nitric oxide synthase activity (p<0.05), peroxide levels (p<0.05), and malondialdehyde (p<0.05). Levetiracetam and felbamate significantly decreased lipid and protein peroxidation whereas topiramate was found to reduce lipid peroxidation only.

Conclusions:
An AED that produces anticonvulsant effect by the diversified mechanism of action such as levetiracetam, felbamate, and topiramate exhibited superior anti-oxidative stress activity in addition to their anticonvulsant activity.
Healing Chains, Relationships of Power and Competing Religious Imageries in the Monastery of Saints Kosmas and Damian in Kuklen (Bulgaria)
Authors: Lubanska Magdalena 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This article* offers an anthropological analysis of a conflict over the use of a set of ‘healing chains’ and other focal objects kept in the Orthodox Christian monastery of Saints Kosmas and Damian in Kuklen, Bulgaria. In a nutshell, the conflict captures the leading religious imageries propagated by the custodians of the monastery on the one hand, and the spiritual leaders of a new religious movement, so-called Deunovians, on the other. The analysis helps situate some of the significant changes currently affecting the religious culture of Orthodox Christians in Bulgaria within a broader social and cultural context.