bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntaxins on granules promote docking of granules via interactions with munc18
Authors: Borisovska Maria 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSNAREs and SNARE-binding accessory proteins are believed to be central molecular components of neurotransmitter release, although the precise sequence of molecular events corresponding to distinct physiological states is unclear. The mechanism of docking of vesicles to the plasma membrane remains elusive, as the anchoring protein residing on vesicles is unknown. Here I show that targeting small amounts of syntaxin to granules by transmembrane domain alteration leads to a substantial enhancement of syntaxin clustering beneath granules, as well as of morphological granule docking. The effect was abolished without munc18 and strongly reduced by removal of the N-terminal peptide in the syntaxin mutant. Thus, in contrast to the current paradigm, I demonstrate that syntaxin acts from the vesicular membrane, strongly facilitating docking of vesicles, likely via interaction of its N-peptide with munc18. Docking was assayed by quantifying the syntaxin clusters beneath granules, using two-color Total Internal Reflectance Fluorescence microscopy in live PC-12 cells and confirmed by electron microscopy. Hereby, I propose a new model of vesicle docking, wherein munc18 bridges the few syntaxin molecules residing on granules to the syntaxin cluster on the plasma membrane, suggesting that the number of syntaxins on vesicles determines docking and conceivably fusion probability.
The Regulation of Seventeen Inflammatory Mediators are Associated with Patient Outcomes in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome
Authors: Hu Li-Fen , Wu Ting , Wang Bo , Wei Yuan-Yuan , Kong Qin-Xiang , Ye Ying , Yin Hua-Fa , Li Jia-Bin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) as an emerging infection disease results in high morbidity and mortality in China. In this study, the circulating levels of 36 inflammatory mediators in 33 SFTS patients on days 3–7, 8–12 and 13–20 post-illness were measured by a multiplex Luminex® system dynamically. Among the patients, 15 severe patients recovered, 11 severe patients died within three weeks. We found IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-15, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, G-CSF, eotaxin, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and fractalkine were significantly upregulated in SFTS patients. Elevated IL-15 and eotaxin in SFTS patients were reported firstly. The highest levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines coexisted in fatal patients during the first week. Inflammatory mediators remained high levels when death occurred in fatal patients, they were recovered within three weeks in nonfatal patients. Our results showed the occurrence of inflammatory storm in SFTS patients were associated with the severity of SFTS. RANTES and PDGF were down regulated and remained significantly lower levels in fatal patients throughout the course of disease, the concentrations of RANTES and PDGF were remarkably positively correlated with the platelet count. Our results demonstrated that dysregulated inflammatory response was associated with disease pathogenesis and mortality in SFTS patients.
Highly flexible, wearable, and disposable cardiac biosensors for remote and ambulatory monitoring
Authors: Lee Stephen P. , Ha Grace , Wright Don E. , Ma Yinji , Sen-Gupta Ellora , Haubrich Natalie R. , Branche Paul C. , Li Weihua , Huppert Gilbert L. , Johnson Matthew , Mutlu Hakan B. , Li Kan , Sheth Nirav , Wright John A. , Huang Yonggang , Mansour Moussa , Rogers John A. , Ghaffari Roozbeh 
Published: January 2018

AbstractContemporary cardiac and heart rate monitoring devices capture physiological signals using optical and electrode-based sensors. However, these devices generally lack the form factor and mechanical flexibility necessary for use in ambulatory and home environments. Here, we report an ultrathin (~1 mm average thickness) and highly flexible wearable cardiac sensor (WiSP) designed to be minimal in cost (disposable), light weight (1.2 g), water resistant, and capable of wireless energy harvesting. Theoretical analyses of system-level bending mechanics show the advantages of WiSP’s flexible electronics, soft encapsulation layers and bioadhesives, enabling intimate skin coupling. A clinical feasibility study conducted in atrial fibrillation patients demonstrates that the WiSP device effectively measures cardiac signals matching the Holter monitor, and is more comfortable. WiSP’s physical attributes and performance results demonstrate its utility for monitoring cardiac signals during daily activity, exertion and sleep, with implications for home-based care.
Phosphatase and tensin homologue: a therapeutic target for SMA
Authors: Godena Vinay K , Ning Ke 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the most common juvenile neurodegenerative diseases, which can be associated with child mortality. SMA is caused by a mutation of ubiquitously expressed gene, Survival Motor Neuron1 (SMN1), leading to reduced SMN protein and the motor neuron death. The disease is incurable and the only therapeutic strategy to follow is to improve the expression of SMN protein levels in motor neurons. Significant numbers of motor neurons in SMA mice and SMA cultures are caspase positive with condensed nuclei, suggesting that these cells are prone to a process of cell death called apoptosis. Searching for other potential molecules or signaling pathways that are neuroprotective for central nervous system (CNS) insults is essential for widening the scope of developmental medicine. PTEN, a Phosphatase and Tensin homologue, is a tumor suppressor, which is widely expressed in CNS. PTEN depletion activates anti-apoptotic factors and it is evident that the pathway plays an important protective role in many neurodegenerative disorders. It functions as a negative regulator of PIP3/AKT pathway and thereby modulates its downstream cellular functions through lipid phosphatase activity. Moreover, previous reports from our group demonstrated that, PTEN depletion using viral vector delivery system in SMN delta7 mice reduces disease pathology, with significant rescue on survival rate and the body weight of the SMA mice. Thus knockdown/depletion/mutation of PTEN and manipulation of PTEN medicated Akt/PKB signaling pathway may represent an important therapeutic strategy to promote motor neuron survival in SMA.
160 MS/s 20 MHz bandwidth third‐order noise shaping SAR ADC
Authors: Ghaedrahmati Hanie , Zhou Jianjun 
Published: January 2018

This Letter proposes an operational‐amplifier free with an embedded passive gain technique to implement an oversampling, noise shaping successive approximation register (SAR) ADCs. In the proposed scheme, the comparator noise, quantisation noise, settling errors and DAC thermal noise are alleviated. A third‐order noise shaping SAR ADC with inserted passive gain design in 40 nm CMOS technology is well suited for low power application because of using passive elements like capacitors and switches. Due to the oversampling and shaping scheme, the structure can be used for high‐speed and high‐resolution operation.
Facts zum Management der Klinischen Ernährung – eine Online-Befragung
Authors: Aubry Emilie , Mareschal Julie , Gschweitl Michaela , Zvingelis Maris , Schuetz Philipp , Stanga Zeno 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungDie krankheitsassoziierte Mangelernährung (KAM) stellt ein relevantes Problem dar und wird bei 20 – 60 % der hospitalisierten internistischen, geriatrischen oder chirurgischen Patienten beobachtet. Die KAM ist assoziiert mit einer Erhöhung der Morbiditäts-, der Mortalitäts- und der Komplikationsrate sowie mit einer Verschlechterung der Lebensqualität. Die frühzeitige Identifikation von Risikopatienten mittels eines validierten Screenings und die anschließende Erfassung des Ernährungsstatus sind entscheidende initiale Schritte für ein erfolgreiches Ernährungsmanagement. Anhand dieser Informationen kann ein Ernährungsplan ausgearbeitet und eine entsprechend adäquate Ernährungstherapie rasch eingeleitet werden. Die Behandlung muss überwacht, evaluiert und regelmäßig adaptiert werden, um die ernährungsmedizinischen Ziele schnellstmöglich erreichen zu können.Das Ziel der hier vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es, die Situation der Ernährung in Schweizer Institutionen besser zu verstehen und potenzielle Barrieren aufzuzeigen, welche die Entwicklung bzw. Durchführung eines optimalen Ernährungsmanagements verhindern. Anhand dieser Ergebnisse können geeignete und gezielte Konzepte für eine potenzielle Optimierung erarbeitet werden.Fünfzig Pflegedienstleitungen (72 % Krankenhäuser, 28 % Pflegeheime) haben eine Online-Befragung zu Funktion und Verantwortlichkeit, Erfassung und Monitoring des Ernährungszustands und zugehörigen Problemen in ihrer Institution ausgefüllt. Aus den Ergebnissen lässt sich schließen, dass schweizweite Leitlinien und Standards für das Screening, das Assessment sowie das Monitoring des Ernährungszustands sowie zu ernährungstherapeutischen Interventionen und zur Bearbeitung von Behandlungszielen bei der KAM entwickelt werden müssen.Kontinuierliche ernährungsspezifische Aus- und Weiterbildung vom medizinischen Personal muss stattfinden und kontinuierliche Aufklärungs- und Sensibilisierungsarbeit muss bei Patienten geleistet werden, um das Bewusstsein für die Ernährung zu stärken. Zudem muss die Kommunikation zwischen den interdisziplinären und multiprofessionellen Betreuungs- und Behandlungsteams zur Bekämpfung der KAM verbessert werden.
Slow domain reconfiguration causes power-law kinetics in a two-state enzyme
Authors: Grossman-Haham Iris , Rosenblum Gabriel , Namani Trishool , Hofmann Hagen 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Dynamic disorder in enzyme catalysis due to conformational heterogeneity is widespread in nature. However, the structural origin for such conformational multiplicity is often elusive. Our results show that the opening and closing of two domains in the redox enzyme QSOX is hampered by a broad ensemble of slowly exchanging open conformations. This heterogeneity is a direct result of the disordered interdomain linker paired with interactions between the domains. Since the effective domain concentration in natural fusions of distinct modules such as in QSOX is very high, interdomain interactions can be persistent, thus resulting in slow sampling. We therefore expect that multidomain enzymes are particularly prone to catalytic disorder such as memory effects.
Cross-genus rebooting of custom-made, synthetic bacteriophage genomes in L-form bacteria
Authors: Kilcher Samuel , Studer Patrick , Muessner Christina , Klumpp Jochen , Loessner Martin J. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
The unique host specificity and antimicrobial activity of bacterial viruses have inspired many diagnostic and antibacterial applications in industry, agriculture, and medicine. Because of the rise in antibiotic-resistant infections, phage therapy is a reemerging field of interest. Many restrictions that are associated with the use of native, isolated phages can be overcome by genetic engineering. Thus, efficient genome-editing tools are needed to unleash the full potential of phage therapy and biotechnology. In vitro assembly of synthetic virus genomes and the rapid isolation of corresponding phages is an important step in this direction. By using L-form bacteria as rebooting compartments of synthetic genomes, we report a simple, highly efficient, and broadly applicable technology that enables engineering of diverse phage families.
The history and recent advances in research of polyprenol and its derivatives
Authors: Sagami Hiroshi , Swiezewska Ewa , Shidoji Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The reduction pathway leading to the formation of dolichol was clarified in 2010 with the identification of SRD5A3, which is the polyprenol reductase. The finding inspired us to reanalyze the length of the major chain of polyprenol and dolichol from several plant leaves, including mangrove plants, as well as from animal and fish livers by 2D-TLC. Polyprenol- and dolichol-derived metabolites such as polyprenylacetone and epoxydolichol were found together with rubber-like prenol. This review focuses on analyses of polyprenol and its derivatives, including recently found epoxypolyprenol and polyprenylacetone. Attention has also been paid to the chromatographic behavior of rubber-like prenol on TLC.
Nitrite-reducing ability is related to growth inhibition by nitrite in Rhodobacter sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans
Authors: Shimizu Takayuki , Horiguchi Kouhei , Hatanaka Yui , Masuda Shinji , Shimada Keizo , Matsuura Katsumi , Haruta Shin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Growth inhibition of Rhodobacter sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans IL106 by nitrite under anaerobic-light conditions became less pronounced when the gene encoding nitrite reductase was deleted. Growth of another deletion mutant of the genes encoding nitric oxide reductase was severely suppressed by nitrite. Our results suggest that nitrite reductase increases the sensitivity to nitrite through the production of nitric oxide.
Light rhythmic exercise with dietary milk fat globule membrane improves physical fitness in an elderly Japanese population: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Yoshinaka Yasuko , Soga Satoko , Ota Noriyasu , Yokoyama Keiichi , Yamada Yosuke , Kimura Misaka 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of home-based, light gymnastic exercise plus dietary milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) intake on physical fitness of an elderly Japanese sample in a pilot, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Seventy-one subjects (male, n = 13; female, n = 58) were randomly assigned into two groups: placebo (n = 35 [male, n = 6; female, n = 29]) and MFGM group (n = 36 [male, n = 7; female, n = 29]). The intervention was eight weeks. Subjects ingested either MFGM (1 g/day) or placebo tablets daily and engaged in an exercise program daily. Physical function tests were performed at baseline and after four and eight weeks. Foot tapping and open–close stepping scores significantly increased from baseline to eight weeks in the MFGM group. Study results suggest daily MFGM ingestion might further enhance the effects of light-intensity exercise in healthy elderly people.
Magnetic and structural depth profiles of Heusler alloy Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5 epitaxial films on Si(1 1 1)
Authors: Glover Stephanie E , Saerbeck Thomas , Achinuq Barat , Ghasemi Arsham , Kepaptsoglou Demie , Ramasse Quentin M , Yamada Shinya , Hamaya Kohei , Hase Thomas P A , Lazarov Vlado K , Bell Gavin R 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The depth-resolved chemical structure and magnetic moment of

C
o

2

F
e
A
l

0.5

S
i

0.5

, thin films grown on Si(1 1 1) have been determined using x-ray and polarized neutron reflectometry. Bulk-like magnetization is retained across the majority of the film, but reduced moments are observed within 45

A
˚

of the surface and in a 25

A
˚

substrate-interface region. The reduced moment is related to compositional changes due to oxidation and diffusion, which are further quantified by elemental profiling using electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectroscopy. The accuracy of structural and magnetic depth-profiles obtained from simultaneous modeling is discussed using different approaches with different degree of constraints on the parameters. Our approach illustrates the challenges in fitting reflectometry data from these multi-component quaternary Heusler alloy thin films.
The Impact of Extension Services on Farm‐level Income: An Instrumental Variable Approach to Combat Endogeneity Concerns
Authors: Cawley Anthony , O’Donoghue Cathal , Heanue Kevin , Hilliard Rachel , Sheehan Maura 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAgricultural extension is an important policy instrument utilized to diffuse knowledge and increase profitability among farmers. However, analyses on impact are subject to endogeneity concerns, causing multiple biases. Failure to combat endogeneity can lead to false inferences on impact. This article addresses this issue by applying an instrumental variable approach with distance to local advisory office and a policy change chosen as instruments for extension participation. The results show that participation significantly increased farm income and that OLS estimates underestimated the impact. Therefore, a superior estimate of impact is achieved which can be leveraged to better support accurate policy making.
The Identification of Risk Factors for Chronic Chikungunya Arthralgia in Grenada, West Indies: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study
Authors: Heath Claire J , Lowther Jason , Noël Trevor P , Mark-George Idis , Boothroyd Derek B , Mitchell George , MacPherson Calum , Desiree LaBeaud A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging arboviral pathogen. In 2014, an explosive CHIKV outbreak occurred in Grenada, West Indies, infecting approximately 60% of the population. In approximately 50% of cases, CHIKV infection transitions to painful arthralgia that can persist for years. Elucidation of the risk factors for chronic disease is imperative to the development of effective risk management strategies and specific therapeutics.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 240 people who were tested for CHIKV during the outbreak. We administered questionnaires to examine demographic, behavioral, psychological, social, and environmental factors to identify associations with chronic disease. Physical examinations were performed and persistent symptoms were recorded.

Results
Ethnicity and socioeconomic status were not associated with risk of chronic joint pain. Female sex increased risk, and age was demonstrated to be predictive of chronic CHIKV sequelae. Mosquito avoidance behaviors did not reduce risk. Patients suffering joint pains, generalized body ache, and weakness in the extremities during acute infection were more likely to develop chronic arthralgia, and an increased duration of acute disease also increased risk.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate that chronic CHIKV affects people across the ethnic and socioeconomic spectrum, and it is not reduced by vector avoidance activity. Increased duration of acute symptoms, in particular acute joint pain, was strongly correlated with the risk of persistent arthralgia, thus effective clinical management of acute CHIKV disease could reduce burden of chronic CHIKV.
Effectiveness of Sucrose Used Routinely for Pain Relief and Neonatal Clinical Risk in Preterm Infants
Authors: Valeri Beatriz O. , Gaspardo Cláudia M. , Martinez Francisco E. , Linhares Maria B.M. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Preterm infants (PI) requiring the neonatal intensive care unit are exposed to early repetitive pain/distress. Little is known about how pain relief strategies interact with infants’ clinical health status, such as severity of illness with pain responses. This study aimed to examine main and interactive effects of routine sucrose intervention and neonatal clinical risk (NCR) on biobehavioral pain reactivity-recovery in PI during painful blood collection procedures.

Methods:
Very low birth weight PI (<1500 g; n=104) were assigned to low and high clinical risk groups, according to the Clinical Risk Index for Babies. Sucrose group (n=52) received sucrose solution (25%; 0.5 mL/kg) 2 minutes before the procedures and control group received standard care. Biobehavioral pain reactivity-recovery was assessed according to the Neonatal Facial Coding System, sleep-wake state scale, crying time, and heart rate at 5 phases (baseline, antisepsis, puncture (P), recovery-dressing, and recovery-resting [R]). Repeated measure ANOVA with mixed-design was performed considering pain assessment phases, intervention group, and NCR.

Results:
Independent of NCR, sucrose presented main effect in decreasing neonates’ facial activity pain responses and crying time, during P and R. Independent of NCR level or routine sucrose intervention, all neonates displayed activated state in P and decreased biobehavioral responses in R phase. Although no sucrose or NCR effects were observed on physiological reactivity, all neonates exhibited physiological recovery 10 minutes after P, reaching the same heart rate patterns as the baseline.

Conclusions:
Independent of NCR level, sucrose intervention for pain relief during acute painful procedures was effective to reduce pain intensity and increase biobehavioral regulation.
Evaluation of the Relative Abuse of an OROS Extended-release Hydromorphone HCI Product
Authors: Butler Stephen F. , McNaughton Emily C. , Black Ryan A. , Cassidy Theresa A. 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
Formulating prescription opioids to limit abuse remains a priority. OROS extended-release (ER) hydromorphone HCl (EXALGO) may have lower abuse potential than many other opioid products. Three postmarketing studies of the relative abuse liability of OROS hydromorphone ER were conducted.

Methods:
Estimates of abuse, unadjusted, and adjusted for prescription volume, were generated for OROS hydromorphone ER and comparators from Q2 2010 through Q2 2014 for a high-risk, substance abuse treatment population and the general population using poison control center data. Comparators were selected for compound, market penetration, and route of administration (ROA) profile. ROA comparisons were made among the substance abuse treatment population. Internet discussion was examined to determine abusers’ interest in and desire for the OROS formulation.

Results:
Examination of abuse prevalence among adults within substance abuse treatment, intentional poison exposures, and Internet discussion levels generally support the hypothesis that OROS hydromorphone ER may have lower abuse potential than many other opioid products. OROS hydromorphone ER also seems to be abused less often by alternate ROAs (eg, snorting and injection). Lower levels of online discussion were observed along with relatively low endorsement for abuse.

Discussion:
Abuse of OROS hydromorphone ER was observed in high-risk substance abuse and general population samples but at a very low relative prevalence compared to comparators. Evidence suggests it may be less often abused by alternate ROAs than some comparators. Online data did not find evidence of high levels of desire for OROS hydromorphone ER by recreational abusers. Continued monitoring of this product’s abuse liability is warranted.