bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between high‐risk patients receiving prescription opioids and high‐volume opioid prescribers
Authors: Chang Hsien‐Yen , Murimi Irene B. , Jones Christopher M. , Alexander G. Caleb 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAims(1) To characterize the amount of prescription opioids prescribed for high‐risk patients by low‐volume prescribers; (2) to quantify how high‐ and low‐volume prescribers differ systematically in their prescribing patterns.DesignCross‐sectional study using 2015 longitudinal, all‐payer QuintilesIMS pharmacy claims. We conducted an aggregated analysis for the first aim and an individual‐level analysis for the second aim.SettingCalifornia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, and Washington, USA.ParticipantsAmong 4 046 275 patients, we identified 375 848 concomitant users (filling more than 30‐days of concomitant opioids and benzodiazepines), 150 814 chronic users (using 100+ morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) per day for more than 90 days), and 3190 patients prescribed opioids by > 3 prescribers and filling opioids at > 3 pharmacies during any 90‐day period. Among 192 126 prescribers, we identified 8023 high‐volume prescribers, who comprised the highest fifth percentile of opioid volume during four calendar quarters.Measurements(1) MME dose per transaction, (2) days supplied per transaction, (3) total opioid volume per patient and (4) number of prescriptions per patient. We also examined differences in opioid dispensing between high‐ and low‐volume prescribers among patients receiving opioids from both.FindingsLow‐volume prescribers accounted for 15–29% of opioid volume and 18–56% of opioid prescriptions for high‐risk patients, compared with 28–37% and 53–58% for low‐risk patients. After accounting for state of residence, comorbid burden, prescriber specialty and care sequence, patients were more likely to receive higher doses (60.9 versus 53.2 MMEs per day, P < 0.01), longer supplies (22.1 versus 15.6 days, P < 0.01), more prescriptions (4.0 versus 2.6 prescriptions, P < 0.01) and greater opioid volume (5.6 versus 1.9 g, P < 0.01) from high‐ than low‐volume prescribers.ConclusionsIn the United States, high‐risk patients obtain a substantial proportion of prescription opioids from low‐volume prescribers. The differences in prescribing patterns between high‐ and low‐volume prescribers suggest the importance of interventions targeting prescriber behaviors.
Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score is valid for a wide spectrum of polyneuropathies
Authors: Abraham A. , Barnett C. , Katzberg H. D. , Lovblom L. E. , Perkins B. A. , Bril V. 
Published: November 2017

Background and purposeThe Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCNS) is a valid and reliable scale for the diagnosis and staging of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. In this study, we aimed to explore the performance of the TCNS in non‐diabetic polyneuropathies.MethodsWe performed a prospective study from November 2016 to May 2017 of patients with non‐diabetic polyneuropathy. Patients had clinical, electrophysiological and functional assessments of their polyneuropathy, and the findings were correlated with the TCNS.ResultsThe TCNS correlated with all clinical, electrophysiological and disability measures of polyneuropathy, mostly at a moderate level (e.g. r = −0.58 for sural nerve action potential amplitude). Higher TCNS severity grades were associated with worse polyneuropathy on all measures in the lower limbs, and with worse electrophysiological parameters and vibration perception thresholds in the upper limbs. The scale also showed excellent reliability and accuracy (kappa, 0.92–0.93 for inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability; area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.93).ConclusionThe TCNS is a valid and reliable scale for a wide spectrum of polyneuropathies, and might be useful in clinical practise and research for the diagnosis and staging of polyneuropathy.
Dehydration of metapelites during high‐P metamorphism: The coupling between fluid sources and fluid sinks
Authors: Schorn Simon 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPolymetamorphic metapelites and embedded eclogites share a complex, episodic interplay of dehydration and fluid infiltration at the eclogite type‐locality (Saualpe–Koralpe, Eastern Alps, Austria). The metapelites inherited a fluid content (i.e. mineral‐bound OH expressed in terms of mol.% H2O) of ∼6–7 mol.% H2O from high‐T–low‐P metamorphism experienced during the Permian. At or near Pmax of the subsequent Eoalpine event (∼20 kbar and 680°C), the breakdown of paragonite to Na‐rich clinopyroxene and kyanite in metapelites released a discrete pulse of hydrous fluid. Prior to the dehydration event, the rocks were largely fluid absent, allowing only limited re‐equilibration during the prograde Eoalpine evolution. Similarly, Permian‐aged gabbros have persisted metastably due to the absence of a catalyst prior to fluid‐induced re‐equilibration. The fluid triggered partial to complete eclogitization along a fluid infiltration front partially preserved in metagabbro. Near‐isothermal decompression to ∼7.5–10 kbar and 670–690°C took place under fluid‐absent conditions. After decompression, a second breakdown of phengitic white mica and garnet produced muscovite, biotite, plagioclase and ∼0.1–0.7 mol.% H2O that enhanced extensive fluid‐aided re‐equilibration of the metapelites. Potential relicts of high‐P assemblages were largely obliterated and replaced by the recurrent amphibolite facies assemblage garnet+biotite+staurolite+kyanite+muscovite+plagioclase+ilmenite+quartz. The hydrous fluid originating from the metapelites infiltrated the embedded eclogites at these P–T conditions and induced the local breakdown of the peak assemblage omphacite and garnet to fine‐grained symplectites of diopside and plagioclase. Further fluid infiltration led to the formation of hornblende–quartz poikiloblasts at the expense of the symplectites. The metapelites re‐equilibrated until the growth of retrograde staurolite consumed any remaining free fluid, thereby terminating the process. Further re‐equilibration is inhibited by both the lack of a catalytic fluid and H2O as a reactant essential for rehydration reactions. The interplay between fluid sources and fluid sinks describes a closed cycle for the rocks at the eclogite type‐locality. Final, near‐isobaric cooling is indicated by a slight increase of XFe in garnet rims. Post‐decompression dehydration and fluid‐aided re‐equilibration arrested by the introduction of staurolite might explain the apparently homogeneous retrogression conditions as well as the notorious absence of diagnostic high‐P assemblages in metapelites at the eclogite type‐locality.
A stress‐associated protein, AtSAP13, from Arabidopsis thaliana provides tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses
Authors: Dixit Anirudha , Tomar Parul , Vaine Evan , Abdullah Hesham , Hazen Samuel , Dhankher Om Parkash 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMembers of Stress‐Associated Protein (SAP) family in plants have been shown to impart tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses, however, their mode of action in providing tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses is largely unknown. There are 14 SAP genes in Arabidopsis thaliana containing A20, AN1, and Cys2‐His2 zinc finger domains. AtSAP13, a member of the SAP family, carries two AN1 zinc finger domains and an additional Cys2‐His2 domain. AtSAP13 transcripts showed upregulation in response to Cd, ABA, and salt stresses. AtSAP13 overexpression lines showed strong tolerance to toxic metals (AsIII, Cd, and Zn), drought, and salt stress. Further, transgenic lines accumulated significantly higher amounts of Zn, but less As and Cd accumulation in shoots and roots. AtSAP13 promoter–GUS fusion studies showed GUS expression predominantly in the vascular tissue, hydathodes, and the apical meristem and region of root maturation and elongation as well as the root hairs. At the subcellular level, the AtSAP13–eGFP fusion protein was found to localize in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Through yeast one‐hybrid assay, we identified several AP2/EREBP family transcription factors that interacted with the AtSAP13 promoter. AtSAP13 and its homologues will be highly useful for developing climate resilient crops.
The periodontal pocket: pathogenesis, histopathology and consequences
Authors: Bosshardt Dieter D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe conversion of junctional epithelium to pocket epithelium is regarded as a hallmark in the development of periodontitis. Knowledge of factors contributing to the initiation and progression of pocket formation is important and may result in the development of better preventive measures and improve healing outcomes after therapeutic interventions. The periodontal pocket is a pathologically deepened gingival sulcus. In healthy periodontal conditions, the defense mechanisms are generally sufficient to control the constant microbiological challenge through a normally functioning junctional epithelium and the concentrated powerful mass of inflammatory and immune cells and macromolecules transmigrating through this epithelium. In contrast, destruction of the structural integrity of the junctional epithelium, which includes disruption of cell‐to‐cell contacts and detachment from the tooth surface, consequently leading to pocket formation, disequilibrates this delicate defense system. Deepening of the pocket apically, and also horizontal expansion of the biofilm on the tooth root, puts this system to a grueling test. There is no more this powerful concentration of defense cells and macromolecules that are discharged at the sulcus bottom and that face a relatively small biofilm surface in the gingival sulcus. In a pocket situation, the defense cells and the macromolecules are directly discharged into the periodontal pocket and the majority of epithelial cells directly face the biofilm. The thinning of the epithelium and its ulceration increase the chance for invasion of microorganisms and their products into the soft connective tissue and this aggravates the situation. Depending on the severity and duration of disease, a vicious circle may develop in the pocket environment, which is difficult or impossible to break without therapeutic intervention.
Using voltage‐sensor toxins and their molecular targets to investigate NaV1.8 gating
Authors: Gilchrist John , Bosmans Frank 
Published: November 2017

AbstractVoltage‐gated sodium (NaV) channel gating is a complex phenomenon which involves a distinct contribution of four integral voltage‐sensing domains (VSDI, VSDII, VSDIII and VSDIV). Utilizing accrued pharmacological and structural insights, we build on an established chimera approach to introduce animal toxin sensitivity in each VSD of an acceptor channel by transferring in portable S3b–S4 motifs from the four VSDs of a toxin‐susceptible donor channel (NaV1.2). By doing so, we observe that in NaV1.8, a relatively unexplored channel subtype with distinctly slow gating kinetics, VSDI–III participate in channel opening whereas VSDIV can regulate opening as well as fast inactivation. These results illustrate the effectiveness of a pharmacological approach to investigate the mechanism underlying gating of a mammalian NaV channel complex.
image
Islam in the Echo Chamber: Ahmadiyya and Shi’a Identities in Indonesian and Malaysian Online Discourses
Authors: Schäfer Saskia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article traces the usage of scholarly categories in online public discourses in Indonesia and Malaysia. I make two main arguments: First, digital dissemination and discussion of such categories accelerate and distort the reductions that are part of scholarly work. Second, these reductions in online debates contribute to a homogenization of positions on Islam on the level of actors as well as the level of arguments. Muslim authority on matters of creed has become more monopolized by a small group of scholars since the mid-2000s, and a broad spectrum of positions has become concentrated into a few homogenized group identities. This homogenization is driven by the increased use of new media, especially the internet. One effect of this is that more extreme positions on Islamic interpretations have become acceptable in the public spheres in Southeast Asia.
Association of liver cirrhosis severity with type 2 diabetes mellitus in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Makol Ankita , Kanthaje Shruthi , Dhiman Radha K , Kalra Naveen , Chawla Yogesh K , Chakraborti Anuradha 
Published: November 2017

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the association of T2DM with liver cirrhosis and therapy response in HCC patients is not clear. Hence, in this study, we have evaluated the influence of T2DM on liver cirrhosis severity of HCC and sorafenib response. HCC patients were divided in two groups: T2DM (n = 20) and non-T2DM (nT2DM; n = 50). We found significantly higher number of patients in T2DM group had decompensated liver disease with Child–Turcotte–Pugh score ≥ 7. Additionally, 71.4% patients were observed to be sorafenib sensitive in T2DM group which was significantly higher as compared to 30% in nT2DM group. This study has highlighted the predisposition of HCC patients with T2DM toward more severe liver disease who were found to be better respondents of sorafenib. Impact statement We have explored the association of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on liver cirrhosis severity along with response toward sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most HCC patients exhibit prior history of liver cirrhosis that results following long span of chronic liver disease. T2DM constitutes as an important risk factor for HCC development which is known to elevate its incidence. Further, sorafenib is the FDA approved therapy for HCC whose therapeutic outcome is not investigated in HCC patients with T2DM till date. This observation-based study has unveiled a positive association between T2DM and severity of liver cirrhosis as well as sorafenib response in HCC as examined in a clinical setting.
Platelets and vascular integrity: how platelets prevent bleeding in inflammation
Authors: Ho-Tin-Noé Benoit , Boulaftali Yacine , Camerer Eric 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Platelets play a central role in primary hemostasis by forming aggregates that plug holes in injured vessels. Half a century ago, detailed studies of the microvasculature by electron microscopy revealed that under inflammatory conditions that do not induce major disruption to vascular structure, individual platelets are mobilized to the vessel wall, where they interact with leukocytes and appear to seal gaps that arise between endothelial cells. Recent developments in genetic engineering and intravital microscopy have allowed further molecular and temporal characterization of these events. Surprisingly, it turns out that platelets support the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. In parallel, however, they exercise their hemostatic function by securing the integrity of inflamed blood vessels to prevent bleeding from sites of leukocyte infiltration. It thus appears that platelets not only serve in concert as building blocks of the hemostatic plug but also act individually as gatekeepers of the vascular wall to help preserve vascular integrity while coordinating host defense. Variants of this recently appreciated hemostatic function of platelets that we refer to as “inflammation-associated hemostasis” are engaged in different contexts in which the endothelium is challenged or dysfunctional. Although the distinguishing characteristics of these variants and the underlying mechanisms of inflammation-associated hemostasis remain to be fully elucidated, they can differ notably from those supporting thrombosis, thus presenting therapeutic opportunities.
The estimation of competitive positions of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs on pharmaceutical market of Ukraine
Authors: Kotvitska A. A. , Kostiuk V. H. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The aim of our analysis is the estimation of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) competitiveness level, calculation of capacity, share and saturation of studied segment of market that allow to improve the competitive strategies of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to the results of content-analysis of foreign and native economic literature, we elaborated the methodology of estimation of NSAID competitive positions that consists of six main stages. The offered model of estimation of competitiveness of the studied group of medicines is based on the construction of competition map of medicines on the example of non-selective NSAID as the largest group by the number of presented trade names (TN) using the calculation of market share of medicines for 2015-2016 and dynamics of its growth.
RESULTS: The results of NSAID TN distribution in groups according to the market share volume testify that only 8 TN of medicines among 74 are the leaders of market and 10 TN are characterized with strong competitive position. At the same time 51 NSAID TN are outsiders and 5 TN have weak competitive position.
The results of NSAID TN distribution in groups according to the change of their competitive position allow state that 16 TN among 74 have fast worsening competitive position, 43 TN belong to the group with worsening competitive position and only 5 TN has competitive position, characterized by fast improvement.
CONCLUSION: The analysis of position, occupied by NSAID TN in matrix, demonstrated that 8 TM of medicines are the leaders of the market. At the same time 51 medicines TN are outsiders. The results of research demonstrated that 59 NSAID TN are characterized with worsening and fast worsening competitive positions.
Weekly changes in prey availability for and the selective feeding of sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) larvae stocked in small forest streams
Authors: Domagała Józef , Czerniawski Robert , Krepski Tomasz 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This study examined the availability of food and its selection by sea trout Salmo trutta L. fry in the first four weeks of life after yolk sac resorption. The food base and stomach contents of sea trout fry after release in the wild were determined. The study was performed in two small forest streams from April 25 to May 23, 2014. Macro-zoobenthos that comprised the food base for the fry were collected from the streams weekly using a bottom scraper. On the same day, the fry were captured with electrofishing gear. Analysis of the width of the benthic organisms in the food base and in the fish stomachs indicated the prey size range that the fish were feeding on. Further, the study showed that all food items found in both streams during the study weeks were also represented in the intensity of the fish: Cyclopoida, the larvae of Baetidae, Simuliidae and Nemouridae.
Kontinuität der Krise, Krise der Kontinuität? – Zur Geschichte wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken im Nationalsozialismus
Authors: Enderle Wilfried 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Forschung zur Geschichte wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland ist in den letzten Jahren durch zahlreiche Studien zu einzelnen Bibliotheken und Bibliothekaren sowie insbesondere auch durch die Konjunktur der NS-Provenienzforschung weiter vorangetrieben worden. Der Aufsatz greift diese Forschungen sowie neuere Ergebnisse der Wissenschaftsgeschichte auf, um den Blick auf einige zentrale zeitgenössische bibliothekspolitische Entwicklungen zu lenken. Dabei wird deutlich, wie sehr die durch den Ersten Weltkrieg und die Wirtschaftskrisen der Weimarer Republik ausgelösten krisenhaften Momente die Bibliotheken und das bibliothekspolitische Handeln der führenden Bibliothekare durchgängig prägten und ein spezifisches Interpretament für die Geschichte der wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus bildete, das sie von der Geschichte anderer Institutionen und Fächer im damaligen Wissenschaftsbetrieb unterschied.
Design and Optimization of Rectangular Waveguide Filter based on Direct Coupled Resonators
Authors: Damou Mehdi , Nouri Keltouma , Feham Mohammed , Chetioui Mohammed 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The waveguide filter structure is treated by two softwares (HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) and CST (Computer Simulation Technology)). Numerical example is given in this article to demonstrate, step by step, the application of the approach to the design of resonator, direct coupled waveguide and microstrip filters based on electromagnetic (EM) simulations. For this design procedure, the filter structure is simulated by successively adding one resonator at a time. To continue the work illustrates how to design a fourth order coupled resonator based rectangular waveguide circuit in the traditional way. With a large number of variables, such tuning work consumes a lot of time and the convergence of the final result is not guaranteed. A fourth order X-band bandpass filter with a center frequency of 11 GHz and a fractional bandwidth FBW = 0,0273 is designed using this procedure and presented here as an example. The simulated results by CST are presented and compared withthe results simulated by a high-frequency structure simulator. Good agreement between the simulated HFSSand simulated results by CST is observed.
Distribution and Host Record of Bruchophagus Robiniae (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) in Turkey
Authors: Zerova M. D. , Fursov V. N. , Klymenko S. I. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
For the first time the phytophagous chalcid wasp B. robiniae was reared from host seeds of Robinia viscosa Ventenat, in the environs of Ankara, Turkey. New data on biology and distribution are given.
Korruption, Ämterkauf und Patronage in Florenz. Informelle Politik im italienischen Stadtstaat und der Toskana
Authors: Steinwender Clemens Leopold 
Published: November 2017

Corruption, purchase of administrative office and patronage in Florence. Informal politics in the italian city state and Tuscany This proseminar – paper deals with the corruption and Patronage in late medieval and modern age Florence. The reign of the Medici is especially looked at with prominent figures such as Lorenzo de Medici or Cosimo de Medici. The necessary institutions for this to happen are adressed as well as the forms these practices had. The ties with the pope and the church are also a part of the paper. As will be shown, the leaders of Florence often had to tolerate forms of corruption due to the nature of this italian city state.
La protección penal del medio ambiente. Análisis del art. 338 del Código Penal colombiano sobre minería ilegal
Authors: Sánchez Zapata Sebastián Felipe 
Published: November 2017

El estudio de la criminalidad medio-ambiental comprende todo un elenco de problemas jurídico-penales de muy difícil solución. Basta acudir a las dificultades que sobresalen al momento de definir el bien jurídico protegido, el desvalor de acción y resultado, las leyes penales en blanco, la relación de causalidad, etc. Un acercamiento, aunque sea superficial, a las dificultades ínsitas de estas categorías revela el uso que se está dando, en nuestro contexto, a la retórica apuesta del legislador por proteger concretos objetos materiales como los yacimientos mineros, las aguas y el material de arrastre. El texto, desde una perspectiva penal, expone la realidad de la minería ilegal en Colombia y las formas institucionales de reacción contra ella.