bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of optimal self compacting concrete with spent foundry sand as partial replacement for M-sand using Taguchi approach
Authors: Nirmala D.B. , Raviraj S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This paper presents the application of Taguchi approach to obtain optimal mix proportion for Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) containing spent foundry sand and M-sand. Spent foundry sand is used as a partial replacement for M-sand. The SCC mix has seven control factors namely, Coarse aggregate, M-sand with Spent Foundry sand, Cement, Fly ash, Water, Super plasticizer and Viscosity modifying agent. Modified Nan Su method is used to proportion the initial SCC mix. L18 (21×37) Orthogonal Arrays (OA) with the seven control factors having 3 levels is used in Taguchi approach which resulted in 18 SCC mix proportions. All mixtures are extensively tested both in fresh and hardened states to verify whether they meet the practical and technical requirements of SCC. The quality characteristics considering “Nominal the better” situation is applied to the test results to arrive at the optimal SCC mix proportion. Test results indicate that the optimal mix satisfies the requirements of fresh and hardened properties of SCC. The study reveals the feasibility of using spent foundry sand as a partial replacement of M-sand in SCC and also that Taguchi method is a reliable tool to arrive at optimal mix proportion of SCC.
O Pretérito Perfeito Composto em diacronia – uma evolução perfeita?
Authors: Becker Martin 
Published: August 2016

Neste artigo apresentamos o nosso estudo sobre a evolução semântica do Pretérito Perfeito Composto (PPC) na língua portuguesa, exemplo significativo de um processo de mudança linguística atípico, que contrasta fundamentalmente com o processo de gramaticalização regular, reconstruído para o perfeito nas outras línguas românicas. Analisamos, não somente as diferentes etapas, assim como os princípios semânticos na base deste processo, mas situamos também as evoluções dentro do modelo de Geeraerts exposto na sua importante obra sobre "a semântica do protótipo diacrônica". Tomando como base a teoria dos protótipos, a dinâmica evolutiva do PPC pode ser conceptualizada como um deslocamento do significado prototípico da categoria verbal, em redor do qual se articula uma rede de significados ou leituras mais ou menos salientes ou periféricas, e que, num processo de reorganização categorial, passa de um centro para outro. O nosso estudo, que analisa as etapas e os princípios da evolução linguística do PPC entre os séculos XV e XX, se baseia numa pesquisa exaustiva realizada com base no Corpus do Português de Mark Davies e Michael Ferreira.
Degradation Signals for Ubiquitin-Proteasome Dependent Cytosolic Protein Quality Control (CytoQC) in Yeast
Authors: Maurer Matthew J , Spear Eric D , Yu Allen T , Lee Evan J , Shahzad Saba , Michaelis Susan 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Cellular protein quality control (PQC) systems selectively target misfolded or otherwise aberrant proteins for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). How cells discern abnormal from normal proteins remains incompletely understood, but involves in part the recognition between ubiquitin E3 ligases and degradation signals (degrons) that are exposed in misfolded proteins. PQC is compartmentalized in the cell, and a great deal has been learned in recent years about ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and nuclear quality control. In contrast, a comprehensive view of cytosolic quality control (CytoQC) has yet to emerge, and will benefit from the development of a well-defined set of model substrates. In this study, we generated an isogenic “degron library” in Saccharomyces cerevisiae consisting of short sequences appended to the C-terminus of a reporter protein, Ura3. About half of these degron-containing proteins are substrates of the integral membrane E3 ligase Doa10, which also plays a pivotal role in ERAD and some nuclear protein degradation. Notably, some of our degron fusion proteins exhibit dependence on the E3 ligase Ltn1/Rkr1 for degradation, apparently by a mechanism distinct from its known role in ribosomal quality control of translationally paused proteins. Ubr1 and San1, E3 ligases involved in the recognition of some misfolded CytoQC substrates, are largely dispensable for the degradation of our degron-containing proteins. Interestingly, the Hsp70/Hsp40 chaperone/cochaperones Ssa1,2 and Ydj1, are required for the degradation of all constructs tested. Taken together, the comprehensive degron library presented here provides an important resource of isogenic substrates for testing candidate PQC components and identifying new ones.
The Evolution of the FT/TFL1 Genes in Amaranthaceae and Their Expression Patterns in the Course of Vegetative Growth and Flowering in Chenopodium rubrum
Authors: Drabešová Jana , Černá Lucie , Mašterová Helena , Koloušková Pavla , Potocký Martin , Štorchová Helena 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The FT/TFL1 gene family controls important aspects of plant development: MFT-like genes affect germination, TFL1-like genes act as floral inhibitors, and FT-like genes are floral activators. Gene duplications produced paralogs with modified functions required by the specific lifestyles of various angiosperm species. We constructed the transcriptome of the weedy annual plant Chenopodium rubrum and used it for the comprehensive search for the FT/TFL1 genes. We analyzed their phylogenetic relationships across Amaranthaceae and all angiosperms. We discovered a very ancient phylogenetic clade of FT genes represented by the CrFTL3 gene of C. rubrum. Another paralog CrFTL2 showed an unusual structural rearrangement which might have contributed to the functional shift. We examined the transcription patterns of the FT/TFL1 genes during the vegetative growth and floral transition in C. rubrum to get clues about their possible functions. All the genes except for the constitutively expressed CrFTL2 gene, and the CrFTL3 gene, which was transcribed only in seeds, exhibited organ-specific expression influenced by the specific light regime. The CrFTL1 gene was confirmed as a single floral activator from the FT/TFL1 family in C. rubrum. Its floral promoting activity may be counteracted by CrTFL1. C. rubrum emerges as an easily manipulated model for the study of floral induction in weedy fast-cycling plants lacking a juvenile phase.
A Comparative Analysis of 5-Azacytidine- and Zebularine-Induced DNA Demethylation
Authors: Griffin Patrick T , Niederhuth Chad E , Schmitz Robert J 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The nonmethylable cytosine analogs, 5-azacytidine and zebularine, are widely used to inhibit DNA methyltransferase activity and reduce genomic DNA methylation. In this study, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing is used to construct maps of DNA methylation with single base pair resolution in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings treated with each demethylating agent. We find that both inhibitor treatments result in nearly indistinguishable patterns of genome-wide DNA methylation and that 5-azacytidine had a slightly greater demethylating effect at higher concentrations across the genome. Transcriptome analyses revealed a substantial number of upregulated genes, with an overrepresentation of transposable element genes, in particular CACTA-like elements. This demonstrates that chemical demethylating agents have a disproportionately large effect on loci that are otherwise silenced by DNA methylation.
Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Female Infertility in Inbred Mice
Authors: Liu Ji-Long , Wang Tong-Song , Zhao Miao 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The genetic factors underlying female infertility in humans are only partially understood. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study of female infertility in 25 inbred mouse strains by using publicly available SNP data. As a result, a total of four SNPs were identified after chromosome-wise multiple test correction. The first SNP rs29972765 is located in a gene desert on chromosome 18, about 72 kb upstream of Skor2 (SKI family transcriptional corepressor 2). The second SNP rs30415957 resides in the intron of Plce1 (phospholipase C epsilon 1). The remaining two SNPs (rs30768258 and rs31216810) are close to each other on chromosome 19, in the vicinity of Sorbs1 (sorbin and SH3 domain containing 1). Using quantitative RT-PCR, we found that Sorbs1 is highly expressed in the mouse uterus during embryo implantation. Knockdown of Sorbs1 by siRNA attenuates the induction of differentiation marker gene Prl8a2 (decidual prolactin-related protein) in an in vitro model of decidualization using mouse endometrial stromal cells, suggesting that Sorbs1 may be a potential candidate gene for female infertility in mice. Our results may represent an opportunity to further understand female infertility in humans.
Genome-Wide Divergence in the West-African Malaria Vector Anopheles melas
Authors: Deitz Kevin C , Athrey Giridhar A , Jawara Musa , Overgaard Hans J , Matias Abrahan , Slotman Michel A 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Anopheles melas is a member of the recently diverged An. gambiae species complex, a model for speciation studies, and is a locally important malaria vector along the West-African coast where it breeds in brackish water. A recent population genetic study of An. melas revealed species-level genetic differentiation between three population clusters. An. melas West extends from The Gambia to the village of Tiko, Cameroon. The other mainland cluster, An. melas South, extends from the southern Cameroonian village of Ipono to Angola. Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea An. melas populations are genetically isolated from mainland populations. To examine how genetic differentiation between these An. melas forms is distributed across their genomes, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of genetic differentiation and selection using whole genome sequencing data of pooled individuals (Pool-seq) from a representative population of each cluster. The An. melas forms exhibit high levels of genetic differentiation throughout their genomes, including the presence of numerous fixed differences between clusters. Although the level of divergence between the clusters is on a par with that of other species within the An. gambiae complex, patterns of genome-wide divergence and diversity do not provide evidence for the presence of pre- and/or postmating isolating mechanisms in the form of speciation islands. These results are consistent with an allopatric divergence process with little or no introgression.
Improvement in Patient Transfer Process From the Operating Room to the PICU Using a Lean and Six Sigma–Based Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Gleich Stephen J. , Nemergut Michael E. , Stans Anthony A. , Haile Dawit T. , Feigal Scott A. , Heinrich Angela L. , Bosley Christopher L. , Tripathi Sandeep 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Ineffective and inefficient patient transfer processes can increase the chance of medical errors. Improvements in such processes are high-priority local institutional and national patient safety goals. At our institution, nonintubated postoperative pediatric patients are first admitted to the postanesthesia care unit before transfer to the PICU. This quality improvement project was designed to improve the patient transfer process from the operating room (OR) to the PICU.

METHODS:
After direct observation of the baseline process, we introduced a structured, direct OR-PICU transfer process for orthopedic spinal fusion patients. We performed value stream mapping of the process to determine error-prone and inefficient areas. We evaluated primary outcome measures of handoff error reduction and the overall efficiency of patient transfer process time. Staff satisfaction was evaluated as a counterbalance measure.

RESULTS:
With the introduction of the new direct OR-PICU patient transfer process, the handoff communication error rate improved from 1.9 to 0.3 errors per patient handoff (P = .002). Inefficiency (patient wait time and non–value-creating activity) was reduced from 90 to 32 minutes. Handoff content was improved with fewer information omissions (P &lt; .001). Staff satisfaction significantly improved among nearly all PICU providers.

CONCLUSIONS:
By using quality improvement methodology to design and implement a new direct OR-PICU transfer process with a structured multidisciplinary verbal handoff, we achieved sustained improvements in patient safety and efficiency. Handoff communication was enhanced, with fewer errors and content omissions. The new process improved efficiency, with high staff satisfaction.
Failure to Thrive Hospitalizations and Risk Factors for Readmission to Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Puls Henry T. , Hall Matthew , Bettenhausen Jessica , Johnson Matthew B. , Peacock Christina , Raphael Jean L. , Newland Jason G. , Colvin Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVES:
Risk factors for failure to thrive (FTT) readmissions, including medical complexity, have not been described. We sought to characterize children hospitalized for FTT and identify risk factors associated with FTT-specific readmissions during the current era of increasing medical complexity among hospitalized children.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study used the Pediatric Health Information System database of 43 freestanding children’s hospitals across the United States. The cohort included children &lt;2 years of age with index hospitalizations for FTT between 2006 and 2010. The main outcome was FTT-specific readmission within 3 years. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we assessed the association of demographic, clinical, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics with FTT-specific readmission.

RESULTS:
There were 10 499 FTT hospitalizations, with 14.1% being readmitted for FTT within 3 years and 4.8% within 30 days. Median time to readmission was 66 days (interquartile range, 19–194 days). Nearly one-half of children (40.8%) had at least 1 complex chronic condition (CCC), with 16.4% having ≥2 CCCs. After multivariable modeling, increasing age at admission, median household income in the lowest quartile (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.23 [95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.44]), and prematurity-related CCC (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.46 [95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.86]) remained significantly associated with readmission.

CONCLUSIONS:
Nearly one-half of children hospitalized for FTT had a CCC, and a majority of FTT-specific readmissions occurred after the traditional 30-day window. Children with prematurity-related conditions and low median household income represent unique populations at risk for FTT readmissions.
Improving Safe Sleep Practices for Hospitalized Infants
Authors: Shadman Kristin A. , Wald Ellen R. , Smith Windy , Coller Ryan J. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Adherence to the American Academy of Pediatrics safe sleep practice (SSP) recommendations among hospitalized infants is unknown, but is assumed to be low. This quality improvement study aimed to increase adherence to SSPs for infants admitted to a children’s hospital general care unit between October 2013 and December 2014.

METHODS:
After development of a hospital policy and redesign of room setup processes, a multidisciplinary team developed intervention strategies based on root cause analysis and implemented changes using iterative Plan–Do–Study–Act cycles. Nurse knowledge was assessed before and after education. SSPs were measured continuously with room audits during sleeping episodes. Statistical process control and run charts identified improvements and sustainability in hospital SSPs. Caregiver home practices after discharge were assessed via structured questionnaires before and after intervention.

RESULTS:
Nursing knowledge of SSPs increased significantly for each item (P ≤ .001) except avoidance of bed sharing. Audits were completed for 316 sleep episodes. Simultaneous adherence to all SSP recommendations improved significantly from 0% to 26.9% after intervention. Significant improvements were noted in individual practices, including maintaining a flat, empty crib, with an appropriately bundled infant. The largest gains were noted in the proportion of empty cribs (from 3.4% to 60.3% after intervention, P &lt; .001). Improvements in caregiver home practices after discharge were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS:
Sustained improvements in hospital SSPs were achieved through this quality improvement initiative, with opportunity for continued improvement. Nurse knowledge increased during the intervention. It is uncertain whether these findings translate to changes in caregiver home practices after discharge.
Treatment Outcome of Bangladeshi UCLP Patients Based on Both Phenotype and Postnatal Treatment Factors using Modified Huddart Bodenham (mHB) Index
Authors: Haque Sanjida , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Khamis Mohd Fadhli 
Published: August 2016

Objective: To evaluate the dental arch relationship (DAR) of nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to explore the various phenotype and postnatal treatment factors that are responsible for poor DAR. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Subjects: Eighty-four Bangladeshi children with nonsyndromic UCLP who received cheiloplasty and palatoplasty. Main Outcome Measures: Dental models were taken at 5 to 12 years of age (man: 7.69), and dental arch relationships were assessed using modified Huddart/Bodenham index (mHB) by two raters. Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the intra- and interexaminer agreements, chi-square was used to assess the associations, and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the responsible factors that affect DAR. Results: The total mHB score (mean [SD]) was −8.261 (7.115). Intra- and interagreement was very good. Using crude and stepwise backward regression analysis, significant association was found between positive history of class III (P = .025, P = .030, respectively) and unfavorable DAR. Complete UCLP (P = .003) was also significantly correlated with unfavorable DAR. Conclusion: This multivariate study suggested complete type of UCLP and positive history of class III had a significantly unfavorable effect on the DAR.
Summer 2012
Authors: Lal Hamish 
Published: August 2016

The Construction Law Quarterly is gaining readers, both, in the UK and internationally. This has had two immediate consequences: first, I am now receiving significant tangible feedback and requests for discussion on certain topics; and second, there are a number of requests from readers to examine some international themes and topics. I am delighted with this and am trying very hard to balance the competing demands. Indeed, that is exactly what I have sought to do in this issue. We take a brief look at the ‘new’ ICC Arbitration Rules which came into effect at the start of 2012. While ‘rules’ are often learned when one is in the midst of an actual procedure, we thought it made sense to de-mystify the topic and so give readers a head start. On the theme of dispute resolution procedures, I am delighted to include a short article from Penny Harper dealing with the provocative issue of so-called ‘hot-tubbing’. With respect to more substantive themes, we take a look at two cases that deal with liquidated damages, a case that looks at how the orthodox limitation period can be reduced and a case that looks at whether Adjudicators can award interest. It is often said that the law on liquidated damages is settled, but the cases continue to demonstrate the variety of arguments employed to either circumvent the law on liquidated damages or to defeat directly the relevant contractual terms. There are also a number of warnings/practical tips: it is not a good idea not to mediate (even in cases where emotions are driving the legal strategy); you need to be aware that discussions/ correspondences with claims consultants will not be ‘protected’ and so disclosable in litigation and arbitration; you need to be very aware of exactly when the limitation period starts. Finally, I am pleased to introduce a new section, ‘Question Time’. One reader raised a question and I am delighted that we were able to answer the question in such a way as to preserve confidentiality yet provide tangible practical guidance to the wider readership. This issue’s question relates to the 1999 FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction – the so-called ‘Red Book’ – and about the risks to the Employer of using a nominated subcontractor. I would welcome more questions from readers and indeed more feedback on the quarterly. This publication is all about assisting the Institution of Civil Engineers and all other readers, both of whom are most important to us in ensuring that we are delivering the most useful information. Feedback, feedback, feedback …
Autumn 2014
Authors: Lal Hamish 
Published: August 2016

In this issue we continue our look at cases and issues arising internationally We report further on the controversial decision rendered by a Qatari court where an arbitral award was declared null and void because it failed to state that it was issued in the name of ‘His Highness the Emir of Qatar’; we have an excellent contributed article dealing with the Construction Contracts Act 2013 applicable in the Republic of Ireland; and we report a case heard in the Scottish courts dealing with whether the courts can stop an adjudication or, put more legally, issue an injunction prohibiting one party form raising disputes to adjudication. In terms of substantive issues, we have chosen to look at the common problem of whether nonpayment or delayed payment can give rise to a claim for termination. Time of payment is not generally of the essence of a commercial contract unless the parties have agreed (either expressly or by necessary implication) that it should be, and the reported Court of Appeal case demonstrates the uncertainties of establishing repudiatory breach, and the need for the injured party to prove the seriousness of the consequences of the defaulting party’s breach. Similar risks arise when we look at the question of when notices have been properly given. This may seem like a very obvious issue, but readers may well be surprised when they see how the courts grapple with and analyse the fact-sensitive issues – Vivergo Fuels Ltd v. Redhall Engineering Solutions Ltd reinforces the need to be absolutely clear when giving notices, especially when giving notices about termination. I am grateful to Niav O’Higgins and Kim Franklin who have contributed ‘Adjudication in Ireland – the Construction Contracts Act 2013’ and ‘Approved inspectors astride competing streams’, respectively. It has been my aim for a while to increase the number of articles from external contributors, and I am delighted that we are making progress.