bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imp/Syp temporal gradients govern decommissioning ofDrosophilaneural stem cells
Authors: Yang Ching-Po , Samuels Tamsin J. , Huang Yaling , Yang Lu , Ish-Horowicz David , Davis Ilan , Lee Tzumin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTiming ofDrosophilaneuroblast decommissioning is controlled in a lineage-specific manner. Following a prepupal ecdysone pulse, the ecdysone receptor and mediator complex cause neuroblasts to shrink. Shrinking is followed by nuclear accumulation of Prospero and cell cycle exit. Only mushroom body (MB) neuroblasts escape early pupal termination. Here, we demonstrate that the opposing temporal gradients of Imp and Syp RNA-binding proteins that govern temporal fate also regulate neuroblast decommissioning. The Imp gradient declines slower in MB neuroblasts so they still express Imp when it is absent from others. The presence of Imp in MB neuroblasts prevents decommissioning partly through inhibiting the mediator complex. Moreover, a timely induction of Imp can protect many non-MB neuroblasts from aging. We also show that the increasing Syp gradient permits Prospero accumulation and neuroblast termination. Together our results reveal that progeny temporal fate and progenitor decommissioning are co-regulated in protracted neuronal lineages.
Efficacy and safety of secukinumab in Taiwanese patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: Subanalysis from ERASURE phase III study
Authors: Wu Nan‐Lin , Hsu Chih‐Jung , Sun Fang‐Ju , Tsai Tsen‐Fang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe efficacy and safety of secukinumab, a fully human anti‐interleukin‐17A monoclonal antibody, has been evaluated for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in global trials which have included a low proportion of Asian subjects. We analyzed the efficacy and safety of secukinumab in Taiwanese patients in a phase III global clinical trial (ERASURE). Fifty‐one Taiwanese patients were randomized into s.c. placebo, 150 and 300 mg secukinumab treatment groups. The proportions of patients who achieved 75% or more improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI‐75) at week 12 were 87.5% with 300 mg secukinumab, 70% with 150 mg secukinumab, 0% with placebo. Of the patients receiving 300 mg secukinumab, 68.8% achieved PASI‐90 at week 12. Analysis of overall patients receiving 300 mg secukinumab for 12 weeks showed that the proportion of PASI‐75 responders was less in patients with body mass index of 25 or more than less than 25. During the entire 52 weeks, the incidence of adverse events (AE) was consistent with the overall population in ERASURE. The most common AE (cases/per 100 patient‐year) during the entire treatment period were upper respiratory tract infection and pruritus. The duration of upper respiratory tract infection per 100 patient‐year was approximately 399 days in placebo, 1261 days in 150 mg secukinumab and 1805 days in 300 mg secukinumab. The safety and efficacy of secukinumab in Taiwanese patients was compatible with the global phase III study in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
Mapping of magnetic basement in Central India from aeromagnetic data for scaling geology
Authors: Kumar Raj , Bansal A.R. , Anand S.P. , Rao V.K. , Singh Upendra K. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe Central Indian region has a complex geology covering the Godavari Graben, the Bastar Craton (including the Chhattisgarh Basin), the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt, the Mahanadi Graben and some part of the Deccan Trap, the northern Singhbhum Orogen and the eastern Dharwar Craton. The region is well covered by reconnaissance‐scale aeromagnetic data, analysed for the estimation of basement and shallow anomalous magnetic sources depth using scaling spectral method. The shallow magnetic anomalies are found to vary from 1 to 3 km, whereas magnetic basement depth values are found to vary from 2 to 7 km. The shallowest basement depth of 2 km corresponds to the Kanker granites, a part of the Bastar Craton, whereas the deepest basement depth of 7 km is for the Godavari Basin and the southeastern part of the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt near the Parvatipuram Bobbili fault. The estimated basement depth values correlate well with the values found from earlier geophysical studies. The earlier geophysical studies are limited to few tectonic units, whereas our estimation provides detailed magnetic basement mapping in the region. The magnetic basement and shallow depth values in the region indicate complex tectonic, heterogeneity, and intrusive bodies at different depths, which can be attributed to different thermo‐tectonic processes since Precambrian.
Microbial nitrous oxide emissions in dryland ecosystems: mechanisms, microbiome and mitigation
Authors: Hu Hang‐Wei , Trivedi Pankaj , He Ji‐Zheng , Singh Brajesh K. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryGlobally, drylands represent the largest terrestrial biome and are projected to expand by 23% by the end of this century. Drylands are characterized by extremely low levels of water and nutrients and exhibit highly heterogeneous distribution in plants and biocrusts which make microbial processes shaping the dryland functioning rather unique compared with other terrestrial ecosystems. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas with ozone depletion potential. Despite of the pivotal influences of microbial communities on the production and consumption of N2O, we have limited knowledge of the biological pathways and mechanisms underpinning N2O emissions from drylands, which are estimated to account for 30% of total gaseous nitrogen emissions on Earth. In this article, we describe the key microbial players and biological pathways regulating dryland N2O emissions, and discuss how these processes will respond to emerging global changes such as climate warming, extreme weather events and nitrogen deposition. We also provide a conceptual framework to precisely manipulate the dryland microbiome to mitigate N2O emissions in situ using emerging technologies with great specificity and efficacy. These cross‐disciplinary efforts will enable the development of novel and environmental‐friendly microbiome‐based solutions to future mitigation strategies of climate change.
Should the shady steal thunder? The effects of crisis communication timing, pre‐crisis reputation valence, and crisis type on post‐crisis organizational trust and purchase intention
Authors: Beldad Ardion D. , van Laar Ester , Hegner Sabrina M. 
Published: May 2017

A scenario‐based 2 (communication timing: stealing thunder vs. thunder) × 2 (pre‐crisis reputation valence: positive vs. negative) × 2 (crisis type: product‐harm vs. moral‐harm) between‐subjects experiment was implemented with 273 Dutch participants to address the question of whether or not the positive effects of stealing thunder depend on pre‐crisis reputation valence and crisis type. Statistical analyses reveal that stealing thunder by an organization with a positive pre‐crisis reputation results in higher post‐crisis trust and purchase intention levels than stealing thunder by an organization with a negative pre‐crisis reputation. Moreover, crisis type interacts with crisis communication timing in influencing post‐crisis trust and purchase intention, as stealing thunder works better than thunder during a product‐harm crisis.
Use of Tanacetum tomentosum and Ta. dolichophyllum essential oils as botanical repellents and insecticidal agents against storage pest Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Haider S. Zafar , Mohan Manindra , Pandey Abhay K. , Singh Pooja 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, repellent and fumigant activities of Tanacetum tomentosum and Ta. dolichophyllum essential oils were investigated against Tribolium castaneum. Results showed that both oils had effective fumigant and repellent activities. Tanacetum tomentosum oil emerged as more potent than Ta. dolichophyllum oil with LC50 values of 6.85 and 4.32 μL/0.25 L air after 24 and 48 h of exposure, respectively. Ta. tomentosum oil also showed more repellent activity than Ta. dolichophyllum oil by exhibiting repellent activity in the range of 38.70–82.35%. Chemical analysis of both oils revealed that β‐bisabolene (50.0%) was the major component of Ta. tomentosum oil and that β‐eudesmol (31.4%) and α‐bisabolol (10.7%) were the major components of Ta. dolichophyllum oil. Doses of 40 and 80 μL/0.5 L air of both oils significantly protected 500 g of wheat grains for up to 6 months from insect infestation, without causing any side effects in the germination rates; the order of germination rates was Ta. tomentosum (89.45%) > Ta. dolichophyllum (86.78%). Thus, this study suggests that essential oils from Ta. tomentosum and Ta. dolichophyllum can be used as potential alternative botanical fumigants for controlling Tr. castaneum.
Fine‐scale analysis of heavily invaded Italian freshwater fish assemblages
Authors: NOCITA Annamaria , TRICARICO Elena , BERTOLINO Sandro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInland waters are highly vulnerable to the introduction and spread of non‐native species, due to heavy human use of aquatic ecosystems and the natural linkages among streams and lakes. This is particularly noticeable in freshwater fish communities. To better evaluate how these communities are affected by non‐native species introductions, we conducted a fine‐scale analysis of the changes in Italian freshwater fish assemblages after species introduction. For this analysis, we collected information on fish species present in 44 basins. The present Italian freshwater fish fauna is composed of 48 native and 41 established introduced species, while a further 15 introduced species have been reported but are not yet considered naturalized. The changes in the fish assemblages mostly took place in the past 2 centuries and have increased recently, with nearly 60% of the species introduced in the past 3 decades. The number of species introduced per basin ranged from 0 to 35 (mean 10.85 ± 7.77 species/basin), and in 10 basins the number of species introduced is now equal to or even higher than the number of native species. In the past, introduced species mainly originated from America, but over the past three decades, an increase of introductions from other parts of Europe and Asia has been recorded. Our results show that basins already rich in native species tend to become even richer as a consequence of the establishment of introduced species. This confirms the trend toward a biotic homogenization of ecosystems even at a local scale, due to an increase in the human‐mediated spread of generalist species.
Length–mass allometries in amphibians
Authors: SANTINI Luca , BENÍTEZ‐LÓPEZ Ana , FICETOLA Gentile Francesco , HUIJBREGTS Mark A. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBody mass is rarely recorded in amphibians, and other body measurements (e.g. snout to vent length, SVL) are generally collected instead. However, length measurements, when used as proxies of body mass in comparative analyses, are problematic if different taxa and morphotypes are included. We developed allometric relationships to derive body mass from SVL measurements. We fitted phylogenetic generalized least square models for frogs (Anura) and salamanders (Caudata) and for several families separately. We tested whether allometric relationships differed between species with different habitat preferences and between morphs in salamanders. Models were fitted with SVL–mass measurements for 88 frog and 42 salamander species. We assessed the predictive performance of the models by cross‐validation. Overall, the models showed high explained variance and low forecasting errors. Models differed among semi‐aquatic, terrestrial and arboreal frogs, and between paedomorphic and non‐paedomorphic salamanders. Body mass estimates derived from our models allow for comparability of studies on multiple taxa and can be used for testing theories built upon evolutionary and ecological processes which are directly related to body mass.
Adverse Events With Ketamine Versus Ketofol for Procedural Sedation on Adults: A Double‐blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lemoel Fabien , Contenti Julie , Giolito Didier , Boiffier Mathieu , Rapp Jocelyn , Istria Jacques , Fournier Marc , Ageron François‐Xavier , Levraut Jacques 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe goal of our study was to compare the frequency and severity of recovery reactions between ketamine and ketamine‐propofol 1:1 admixture (“ketofol”).MethodsWe performed a multicentric, randomized, double‐blind trial in which adult patients received emergency procedural sedations with ketamine or ketofol. Our primary outcome was the proportion of unpleasant recovery reactions. Other outcomes were frequency of interventions required by these recovery reactions, rates of respiratory or hemodynamic events, emesis, and satisfaction of patients as well as providers.ResultsA total of 152 patients completed the study, 76 in each arm. Compared with ketamine, ketofol determined a 22% reduction in recovery reactions incidence (p < 0.01) and less clinical and pharmacologic interventions required by these reactions. There was no serious adverse event in both groups. Rates in hemodynamic or respiratory events as well as satisfaction scores were similar. Significantly fewer patients experienced emesis with ketofol, with a threefold reduction in incidence compared with ketamine.ConclusionWe found a significant reduction in recovery reactions and emesis frequencies among adult patients receiving emergency procedural sedations with ketofol, compared with ketamine.
Ophthalmic nepafenac use in the Netherlands and Denmark
Authors: Margulis Andrea V , Houben Eline , Hallas Jesper , Overbeek Jetty A , Pottegård Anton , Torp‐Pedersen Tobias , Perez‐Gutthann Susana , Arana Alejandro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeTo describe nepafenac use in the Netherlands and Denmark with reference to its approved indications. For context, we also describe the use of ketorolac and diclofenac.MethodsWe identified users in the PHARMO Database Network (the Netherlands, 2008–2013) and the Danish national health registers (Denmark, 1994–2014). We described prevalence of cataract surgery and duration of use in patients with cataract surgery with and without diabetes.ResultsIn the Netherlands, 9530 nepafenac users (mean age, 71 years; 60% women) contributed 12 691 therapy episodes, of which 21% had a recently recorded cataract surgery. Of 2266 episodes in adult non‐diabetic patients with cataract surgery, 60% had one bottle dispensed (treatment duration ≤21 days). Of 441 episodes in adult diabetic patients with cataract surgery, 90% had up to two bottles dispensed (≤60 days).Denmark had 60 403 nepafenac users (mean age, 72 years; 58% women) and 73 648 episodes (41% had recorded cataract surgery). Of 26 649 nepafenac episodes in adult non‐diabetic patients with cataract surgery, 92% had one bottle dispensed. Of 3801 episodes in adult diabetic patients with cataract surgery, 99.8% had up to two bottles dispensed.Use patterns of nepafenac, ketorolac and diclofenac were roughly similar in the Netherlands, but not in Denmark.ConclusionLess than half of therapy episodes were related to cataract surgery; around 90% of episodes with surgery were within the approved duration. Underrecording of ophthalmic conditions and procedures was a challenge in this study.
Age‐related endothelial dysfunction in human skeletal muscle feed arteries: the role of free radicals derived from mitochondria in the vasculature
Authors: Park S.‐Y. , Kwon O. S. , Andtbacka R. H. I. , Hyngstrom J. R. , Reese V. , Murphy M. P. , Richardson R. S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThis study sought to determine the role of free radicals derived from mitochondria in the vasculature in the recognized age‐related endothelial dysfunction of human skeletal muscle feed arteries (SMFAs).MethodsA total of 44 SMFAs were studied with and without acute exposure to the mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant MitoQ and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) blockade. The relative abundance of proteins from the electron transport chain, phosphorylated (p‐) to endothelial (e) NOS ratio, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and the mitochondria‐derived superoxide () levels were assessed in SMFA. Endothelium‐dependent and endothelium‐independent SMFA vasodilation was assessed in response to flow‐induced shear stress, acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP).ResultsMitoQ restored endothelium‐dependent vasodilation in the old to that of the young when stimulated by both flow (young: 68 ± 5; old: 25 ± 7; old + MitoQ 65 ± 9%) and ACh (young: 97 ± 4; old: 59 ± 10; old + MitoQ: 98 ± 5%), but did not alter the initially uncompromised, endothelium‐independent vasodilation (SNP). Compared to the young, MitoQ in the old diminished the initially elevated mitochondria‐derived levels and appeared to attenuate the breakdown of MnSOD. Furthermore, MitoQ increased the ratio of p‐eNOS to NOS and the restoration of endothelium‐dependent vasodilation in the old by MitoQ was ablated by NOS blockade.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that MitoQ reverses age‐related vascular dysfunction by what appears to be an NO‐dependent mechanism in human SMFAs. These findings suggest that mitochondria‐targeted antioxidants may have utility in terms of counteracting the attenuated blood flow and vascular dysfunction associated with advancing age.
Does multicultural education affect bachelor of social work students' attitudes? The Taiwanese case of female Southeast Asian marriage immigration
Authors: Lee Shou‐Lu 
Published: May 2017

In the past two decades, intra‐Asia cross‐border marriage immigration has become a significant phenomenon. This study collected questionnaire data from Bachelor of Social Work students (n = 1,232) in Taiwan to explore the influences of multicultural education, intergroup contact experience, and demographic characteristics on students' attitudes toward female Southeast Asian marriage migrants. Regression analysis revealed that students' attitudes are improved by direct contact with female Southeast Asian marriage migrants but are not correlated with students' demographic characteristics. Although pre‐college multicultural education improves students' attitudes, college‐level multicultural education adversely affects the attitudes of students who perform poorly in multicultural courses. These findings have valuable implications for social work educators.
Downscaling: Understanding the influence of open data initiatives in smaller and mid‐sized cities in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Gill Mark , Corbett Jon 
Published: May 2017

Key Messages

Current open data evaluation tools do not pay enough attention to the usability of open data portals.
Access to open data is hindered by the design, usability, and content of open data websites.
Population size is not a factor in determining the efficacy of open data initiatives.
Species sorting and stoichiometric plasticity control community C:P ratio of first‐order aquatic consumers
Authors: Teurlincx Sven , Velthuis Mandy , Seroka Dominika , Govaert Lynn , van Donk Ellen , Van de Waal Dedmer B. , Declerck Steven A. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEcological stoichiometry has proven to be invaluable for understanding consumer response to changes in resource quality. Although interactions between trophic levels occur at the community level, most studies focus on single consumer species. In contrast to individual species, communities may deal with trophic mismatch not only through elemental plasticity but also through changes in species composition. Here, we show that a community of first‐order consumers (e.g. zooplankton) is able to adjust its stoichiometry (C:P) in response to experimentally induced changes in resource quality, but only to a limited extent. Furthermore, using the Price equation framework we show the importance of both elemental plasticity and species sorting. These results illustrate the need for a community perspective in ecological stoichiometry, requiring consideration of species‐specific elemental composition, intraspecific elemental plasticity and species turnover.
Residential mobility and moving home
Authors: Buckle Caitlin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis review traces the changing conceptualizations of “mobility,” “place,” and “home” under the new mobilities paradigm, and the effect of this reconceptualization on residential mobility research. The “new mobilities paradigm” describes the (re)conceptualization of the relationship between place and mobility among mobilities scholars (Cresswell, ; Sheller & Urry, ). The reconceptualization of place as linked to mobility led to a more dynamic and inclusive perception of home as a lived experience that can be moved from place to place (Gillespie, ). This review will trace how residential mobilities—or internal (re)locations within one nation state—are discussed as alternate, lived experiences of home by scholars within the paradigm. In the second part of this review, I discuss how the lived experience of home is currently integrated in theoretical and methodological approaches to residential mobility research. In particular, I consider the incorporation of longitudinal, ethnographic, narrative and biographical methods, and emerging geographical research that utilizes life course methodological frameworks to explore the dynamic and lived experience of home. By progressing the understanding of the “mobility of home,” residential mobility researchers can contribute to wider discussions on the influence of mobility on place experiences.
Rethinking Court‐Sanctioned Reintegration Processes: Redemption Rituals as an Alternative to the Drug Court Graduation
Authors: WILLIAMS IZAAK L. , MEE‐LEE DAVID , GALLAGHER JOHN R. , IRWIN KATHERINE 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis research‐based position paper offers critical examination and critique of the drug court (DC) graduation model and outlines an alternative approach. To enhance reconfiguration of the current DC graduation system, we propose a redemption‐oriented framework that we believe is better aligned with the rehabilitation literature and reintegrative shaming theory. These conceptual underpinnings cohere with restorative justice and together represent a useful interpretive perspective for examining current DC practices in the United States. They also align with the goals we believe redemption rituals should elevate. This is based on four main elements of redemption rituals: achievement; co‐ordination of care; status elevation; and moral inclusion. We operationalise these elements by identifying two constituent factors of each. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for DC practice and recommendations for future research in this area.