bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of the Aspiration Component Success of a Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique (ADAPT) for the Endovascular Treatment of Stroke Reperfusion Strategy in Anterior Circulation Acute Stroke
Authors: Blanc Raphaël , Redjem Hocine , Ciccio Gabriele , Smajda Stanislas , Desilles Jean-Philippe , Orng Eliane , Taylor Guillaume , Drumez Elodie , Fahed Robert , Labreuche Julien , Mazighi Mikael , Lapergue Bertrand , Piotin Michel 
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose—
A direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) has been reported to be fast, safe, and effective for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The aim of this study is to determine the preoperative factors that affect success of the aspiration component of the technique in ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation.

Methods—
We enrolled all 347 consecutive patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke admitted for mechanical thrombectomy at our institution from August 2013 to October 2015 and treated by ADAPT for the endovascular treatment of stroke. Baseline and procedural characteristics, modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scores, and 3-month modified Rankin Scale were captured and analyzed.

Results—

Among the 347 patients (occlusion sites: middle cerebral artery=200, 58%; internal carotid artery Siphon=89, 25%; Tandem=58, 17%), aspiration component led to successful reperfusion (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b/3 scores) in 55.6% (193/347 patients), stent retrievers were required in 40%, and a total successful final reperfusion rate of 83% (288/347) was achieved. Overall, procedural complications occurred in 13.3% of patients (48/347). Modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 at 90 days was reported in 45% (144/323). Only 2 factors positively influenced the success of the aspiration component: an isolated middle cerebral artery occlusion (
P
<0.001) and a shorter time from stroke onset to clot contact (
P
=0.018).

Conclusions—
In this large retrospective study, ADAPT was shown to be safe and effective for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke with a final successful reperfusion achieved in 83%. The site of arterial occlusion and delay of the procedure were predictors for reperfusion.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02523261, NCT02678169, and NCT02466893.
Tuning Neural Phase Entrainment to Speech
Authors: Falk Simone , Lanzilotti Cosima , Schön Daniele 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMusical rhythm positively impacts on subsequent speech processing. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are so far unclear. We investigated whether carryover effects from a preceding musical cue to a speech stimulus result from a continuation of neural phase entrainment to periodicities that are present in both music and speech. Participants listened and memorized French metrical sentences that contained (quasi-)periodic recurrences of accents and syllables. Speech stimuli were preceded by a rhythmically regular or irregular musical cue. Our results show that the presence of a regular cue modulates neural response as estimated by EEG power spectral density, intertrial coherence, and source analyses at critical frequencies during speech processing compared with the irregular condition. Importantly, intertrial coherences for regular cues were indicative of the participants' success in memorizing the subsequent speech stimuli. These findings underscore the highly adaptive nature of neural phase entrainment across fundamentally different auditory stimuli. They also support current models of neural phase entrainment as a tool of predictive timing and attentional selection across cognitive domains.
The International Court of Justice’s Advisory Opinion on Kosovo: Perspectives of a Delicate Question
Authors: Hilpold Peter 
Published: April 2017

On 22 July 2010 , the International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued the muchawaited opinion on Kosovo’s declaration of independence. The general reaction to the opinion was mostly disappointment.In fact, in 2008, the question referred by the United Nations General Assembly (UN GA) to the ICJ had the ingredients to pave the way for some of the most controversial questions of modern international law, inter alia, on the meaning of self-determination in the 21st century. Some hoped that the ICJ would decline jurisdiction for this case; others hoped to receive allencompassing guidance on the many thorny subjects the question touched upon. The ICJ sought for a compromise, declaring that it had jurisdiction, but shied away from addressing the substance of the question. Acting in this manner, it appears doubtful as to whether the ICJ has measured up to its ‘duty to cooperate’ within the UN system. In fact, the line of arguments the ICJ presented is too shaky and as a consequence, status and function of the ICJ end up damaged from this proceeding. On the other hand, the ICJ deserves praise for having handled a thoroughly political issue with a great sense of responsibility. It is argued here, that notwithstanding all the ambiguities surrounding the distinction between the legal and the political, this distinction still matters – judges should not be asked to do the undone jobs of politicians.
Irenicism as a Learned Practice (Irenik als gelehrte Praxis)
Authors: Garloff Mona 
Published: April 2017

The violent religious conflicts that shook Early Modern Europe gave rise to several models for peaceful coexistence with religious pluralism. Ideas of toleration and reunification were more closely interrelated than one may think. A principal proponent of irenicism was the French scholar and diplomat Jean Hotman (1552–1636), who was widely read in the humanist Respublica litteraria. Hotman used a wide and diverse range of media to achieve his goals, which can be regarded as the epitome of scholarly research practices around 1600.
In Reaktion auf die gewaltsamen Konfessionskonflikte, die Europa in der Frühen Neuzeit erschütterten, wurden verschiedene Modelle für einen dauerhaften, friedlichen Umgang mit dem religiösen Pluralismus entwickelt. Dabei erscheinen Vorstellungen religiöser Toleranz und der konfessionellen Reunion eng aufeinander bezogen. Ein maßgeblicher Protagonist der irenischen Debatten war der französische Gelehrte und Diplomat Jean Hotman (1552-1636). Seine Ansätze wurden innerhalb der späthumanistischen Respublica litteraria breit rezipiert. Zur Beförderung seiner Zielsetzungen bediente sich Hotman verschiedener Medienformen, die als Inbegriff gelehrter Sammelpraktiken um 1600 gelten können.
“Hell is what you make it” (“Hölle ist, was Ihr draus macht”)
Authors: Kurzmann Frank 
Published: April 2017

The article explores Luther’s descriptions of Judgement Day from an universal- eschatological perspective, arguing that he does not deny Christ’s future judgement. Indicating Christ’s last judgement, Luther admonishes believers about their duty for charity. Believers, who trust that Christ has suffered God’s judgement for them, are able to surpass the experience of hell in their lives and long for judgement day to come.
Gegenstand des Artikels ist Martin Luthers Rede vom Jüngsten Gericht nach den Werken. Zunächst werden exemplarische Ausführungen Luthers von Letztem Gericht und Jüngstem Tag in universal-eschatologischer Perspektive referiert. Es wird ferner gezeigt, dass Luther das futurische Universalgericht keinesfalls negiert. Mit dem Hinweis auf Christi Endgericht kann Luther zu tätiger Nächstenliebe mahnen. Zu glauben, dass Christus der für die Glaubenden gerichtete Richter ist, ermöglicht es dem Christenmenschen, Erfahrungen der Hölle zu überwinden und den Jüngsten Tag liebzugewinnen.
Contribution of Urban Surface Expansion to Regional Warming in Beijing, China
Authors: Zhao Deming , Wu Jian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe contribution of urban surface expansion to regional warming as detected from meteorological observational station data may vary with considerable uncertainty because of the spatial heterogeneity of such data—a situation that promotes a requirement for numerical model-based investigations. Satellite-based images from 1980 to 2016 that have fine resolution over three city clusters and that display the urban surface expansion in China from rapid economic development and anthropogenic activity were used to perform 37-yr nested dynamical downscaling using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The urban surface areas in Beijing, China, expressed marked expansion in the last 37 years. The contribution of urban surface expansion to regional warming was approximately 22% of the overall warming in Beijing and was stronger in the plains areas of Beijing (42%). The contributions to land-use grids that changed from nonurban (in 1980) to urban (in 2016; N2U) were much stronger than those to grids that were classified as urban in both time periods (U2U), which were closer to the values of urban areas (including N2U and U2U) because of the intense increase in urban surface areas. Urban-related warming expressed marked annual variation and was greater in the warm seasons and smaller in the cold seasons. The greater increase in surface air temperature (SAT) minimum and the weaker SAT maximum accounted for the decreased diurnal temperature range.
Development of the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM): Near-Surface Atmospheric Climate Sensitivity
Authors: Cassano John J. , DuVivier Alice , Roberts Andrew , Abel Mimi R. , Seefeldt Mark , Brunke Michael , Craig Anthony , Fisel Brandon , Gutowski William , Hamman Joseph , Higgins Matthew , Maslowski Wieslaw , Nijssen Bart , Osinski Robert , Zeng Xubin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe near-surface climate, including the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land state and fluxes, in the initial version of the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) are presented. The sensitivity of the RASM near-surface climate to changes in atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice parameters and physics is evaluated in four simulations. The near-surface atmospheric circulation is well simulated in all four RASM simulations but biases in surface temperature are caused by biases in downward surface radiative fluxes. Errors in radiative fluxes are due to biases in simulated clouds with different versions of RASM simulating either too much or too little cloud radiative impact over open ocean regions and all versions simulating too little cloud radiative impact over land areas. Cold surface temperature biases in the central Arctic in winter are likely due to too few or too radiatively thin clouds. The precipitation simulated by RASM is sensitive to changes in evaporation that were linked to sea surface temperature biases. Future work will explore changes in model microphysics aimed at minimizing the cloud and radiation biases identified in this work.
Empirically Derived Sensitivity of Vegetation to Climate across Global Gradients of Temperature and Precipitation
Authors: Quetin Gregory R. , Swann Abigail L. S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe natural composition of terrestrial ecosystems can be shaped by climate to take advantage of local environmental conditions. Ecosystem functioning (e.g., interaction between photosynthesis and temperature) can also acclimate to different climatological states. The combination of these two factors thus determines ecological–climate interactions. A global empirical map of the sensitivity of vegetation to climate is derived using the response of satellite-observed greenness to interannual variations in temperature and precipitation. Mechanisms constraining ecosystem functioning are inferred by analyzing how the sensitivity of vegetation to climate varies across climate space. Analysis yields empirical evidence for multiple physical and biological mediators of the sensitivity of vegetation to climate at large spatial scales. In hot and wet locations, vegetation is greener in warmer years despite temperatures likely exceeding thermally optimum conditions. However, sunlight generally increases during warmer years, suggesting that the increased stress from higher atmospheric water demand is offset by higher rates of photosynthesis. The sensitivity of vegetation transitions in sign (greener when warmer or drier to greener when cooler or wetter) along an emergent line in climate space with a slope of about 59 mm yr−1 °C−1, twice as steep as contours of aridity. The mismatch between these slopes is evidence at a global scale of the limitation of both water supply due to inefficiencies in plant access to rainfall and plant physiological responses to atmospheric water demand. This empirical pattern can provide a functional constraint for process-based models, helping to improve predictions of the global-scale response of vegetation to a changing climate.
Bathymetric Influences on the Estuarine Equilibrium Length and Adjustment Time
Authors: Chen Shih-Nan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLinear theories are extended to enable investigations of how exponentially convergent width and sloping bottom affect the sensitivity of estuarine equilibrium length and adjustment time. This study focuses on the response to river forcing and considers a regime dominated by gravitational circulation, but the results are generalizable. For a range of forcing and bathymetric profiles, the predicted equilibrium length and adjustment time compare favorably with numerical solutions from a width-averaged model. The main findings are that 1) convergent width and sloping bottom reduce the sensitivity of equilibrium length to river forcing. The sensitivity is governed by a dimensionless parameter that measures the degree of width and depth changes sampled by the intrusion length. Hence, the sensitivity is not a constant in a system but varies with forcing: when discharge increases, a shortened estuary experiences less bathymetric changes over its intrusion. The sensitivity therefore increases progressively toward the conventional −⅓ power law. An observational example of variable sensitivity from Delaware Bay is given. 2) Width convergence and bottom slope help accelerate the adjustment process. It is shown that the linear adjustment time is set by the ratio of salt content variations to the discharge perturbation. Hence, under the same forcing, the adjustment time is controlled by the salt content variations, which decrease monotonically with increasing convergence and slope. This means that, to achieve a given length change, a more strongly convergent and sloped system simply requires transport of less salt, thereby needing a shorter adjustment time.
Low-Intensity Democracy and Peru’s Neoliberal State: The Case of the Humala Administration
Authors: Avilés William , Rosas Yolima Rey 
Published: April 2017

The election of Ollanta Humala in 2011 did not lead to a radical break from neoliberalism as many expected. His administration continued and deepened Peru’s conservative political and economic regime, its “low-intensity democracy.” His lack of a shift has been attributed to electoral dynamics, his leadership style, and the weakness of political parties. However, these readings overlook the structural impediments to any left government in Peru and Humala’s readiness to adapt his politics to this neoliberal reality. The power of Peru’s neoliberal political elite, the United States, economic groups, and transnational capital have all helped to constitute a structure of elite rule strong enough to prevent a radical shift. La elección de Ollanta Humala en el 2011 no condujo a una ruptura radical con el neoliberalismo, a diferencia de lo que esperaban muchos. Su administración mantuvo y profundizó el régimen político y económico conservador del Perú, su “democracia de baja intensidad”. La falta de cambio se ha atribuido a la dinámica electoral, su estilo de liderazgo y la debilidad de los partidos políticos. Sin embargo, estas interpretaciones ignoran los impedimentos estructurales existentes en Perú para cualquier gobierno de izquierda, así como la predisposición de Humala a adaptar su política a esta realidad neoliberal. El poder de la élite política neoliberal del Perú, los Estados Unidos, los grupos económicos y el capital transnacional han ayudado a construir una estructura de poder elitista lo suficientemente fuerte como para prevenir un cambio radical.
A review of current and future weather data for building simulation
Authors: Herrera Manuel , Natarajan Sukumar , Coley David A , Kershaw Tristan , Ramallo-González Alfonso P , Eames Matthew , Fosas Daniel , Wood Michael 
Published: April 2017

This article provides the first comprehensive assessment of methods for the creation of weather variables for use in building simulation. We undertake a critical analysis of the fundamental issues and limitations of each methodology and discusses new challenges, such as how to deal with uncertainty, the urban heat island, climate change and extreme events. Proposals for the next generation of weather files for building simulation are made based on this analysis. A seven-point list of requirements for weather files is introduced and the state-of-the-art compared to this via a mapping exercise. It is found that there are various issues with all current and suggested approaches, but the two areas most requiring attention are the production of weather files for the urban landscape and files specifically designed to test buildings against the criteria of morbidity, mortality and building services system failure. Practical application: Robust weather files are key to the design of sustainable, healthy and comfortable buildings. This article provides the first comprehensive assessment of their technical requirements to ensure buildings perform well in both current and future climates.
Translating U-500R Randomized Clinical Trial Evidence to the Practice Setting: A Diabetes Educator/Expert Prescriber Team Approach
Authors: Bergen Paula M. , Kruger Davida F. , Taylor April D. , Eid Wael E. , Bhan Arti , Jackson Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose The purpose of this article is to provide recommendations to the diabetes educator/expert prescriber team for the use of human regular U-500 insulin (U-500R) in patients with severely insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes, including its initiation and titration, by utilizing dosing charts and teaching materials translated from a recent U-500R clinical trial. Conclusions Clinically relevant recommendations and teaching materials for the optimal use and management of U-500R in clinical practice are provided based on the efficacy and safety results of and lessons learned from the U-500R clinical trial by Hood et al, current standards of practice, and the authors’ clinical expertise. This trial was the first robustly powered, randomized, titration-to-target trial to compare twice-daily and three-times-daily U-500R dosing regimens. Modifications were made to the initiation and titration dosing algorithms used in this trial to simplify dosing strategies for the clinical setting and align with current glycemic targets recommended by the American Diabetes Association. Leveraging the expertise, resources, and patient interactions of the diabetes educator who can provide diabetes self-management education and support in collaboration with the multidisciplinary diabetes team is strongly recommended to ensure patients treated with U-500R receive the timely and comprehensive care required to safely and effectively use this highly concentrated insulin.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Clinic-based Mediterranean-style Diet Intervention to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk for Hispanic Americans With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cubillos Laura , Estrada del Campo Yanire , Harbi Khalil , Keyserling Thomas , Samuel-Hodge Carmen , Reuland Daniel S. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose The purpose of the study was to modify a previously tested Spanish language version of a Mediterranean (Med)-style dietary intervention so that the dietary recommendations align with the cultural and social needs of Hispanic Americans (HAs) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and evaluate the modified intervention’s feasibility and acceptability. Methods In phase I (formative), semi-structured interviews and focus groups were used to refine the intervention content and format for delivery to HAs with T2D receiving care at a large primary care practice. In phase II (clinical pilot), the 2-month intervention that promoted a Med-style dietary pattern was given to all participants via 2 face-to-face counseling sessions and 2 telephone counseling sessions. Major outcomes were engagement with study activities and intervention acceptability; dietary behavior change at 2 months using the PREDIMED Med-diet score (range, 0-14, higher indicating better dietary pattern) is also reported. Results From clinic records, we identified 86 potentially eligible participants and enrolled 21. Baseline characteristics were: mean age = 52 years, 12 (57%) female, 15 (71%) from Mexico, mean years in the US = 19, low acculturation scores for all, and mean BMI = 33.7 kg/m2. Engagement and acceptability were high, with 19 (90%) completing all intervention visits and follow-up measures, all of whom would recommend the program to others. Mean Med-diet score improved from 5.7 to 7.9 (difference = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0-3.5; P = .001). Conclusions Intervention engagement and acceptability were high, and there was improvement in self-reported dietary behaviors. This type of intervention should be evaluated in randomized trials enrolling HAs with diabetes.
Household food insecurity among people living with HIV in Sagamu, Nigeria: A preliminary study
Authors: Sholeye Oluwafolahan O , Animasahun Victor J , Salako Albert A , Oyewole Bankole K 
Published: April 2017

Background: Household food insecurity has been associated with increased risk of transmission of HIV infection and poor treatment outcomes. This study therefore determined the prevalence of household food insecurity and its associated factors among people living with HIV in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 244 adult clients accessing care and support at the teaching hospital in Sagamu, Nigeria, selected via systematic sampling. Data was collected with the aid of a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.0. Relevant descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Informed consent was obtained and strict confidentiality was ensured. Results: The mean age of respondents was 38.8 ± 9.2 years; 84% of respondents were female; 69.3% were married, 12.9% had lost their partners. About 12% spent more than three-quarters of the household income on food. The prevalence of household food insecurity was 71.7%. Food insecurity was associated ( p < 0.05) with educational status; occupation; type of housing; availability of toilet facilities; benefiting from food assistance; delaying drugs to prevent hunger; skipping drugs; vegetable consumption pattern; and exchanging sex for food. Conclusion: The prevalence of household food insecurity in this study was high. Living conditions were significantly associated with food insecurity. Socio-economic conditions need to be improved, to optimize the health and food security status of people living with HIV in Sagamu.