bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography on measuring impacted supernumerary teeth
Authors: Demiriz Levent , Hazar Bodrumlu Ebru , İçen Murat , Durmuşlar Mustafa Cenk 
Published: January 2016

SummarySupernumerary teeth may affect the tooth eruption negatively if they occur on the eruption way, and the treatment choice is usually the extraction to prevent the impaction of adjacent permanent teeth. CBCT enables clear and three dimensional images, and it may be helpful to determine the exact location and to measure the dimensions of the supernumerary tooth to avoid any complication during the extraction process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of CBCT on measuring the tooth length and crown width of impacted supernumerary teeth. Twenty‐five impacted supernumerary teeth were evaluated using CBCT, and each sample's tooth length and crown width were measured prior to the extraction. After all the extractions were completed, the actual measurements were performed on the same samples. The differences between CBCT and actual measurements were evaluated statistically. Measurements on CBCT images were significantly larger than the actual measurements on tooth length and crown width. For tooth length and crown width, p value was found as 0.045, and <0.001, respectively. The results of the present study should be considered as important by clinicians during the treatment planning to decrease any complication risk under certain conditions such as being so close to an important anatomical structure or the root of an adjacent tooth. SCANNING 38:579–584, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HEK293 cells exposed to microcystin‐LR show reduced protein phosphatase 2A activity and more stable cytoskeletal structure when overexpressing α4 protein
Authors: Huang Pu , Wang Beilei , Wang Xiaofeng , Xing Mingluan , Guo Zonglou , Xu Lihong 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTMicrocystin‐LR (MC‐LR) is one of the most toxic members of microcystins released by freshwater cyanobacterial. The major mechanism of MC‐LR toxicity has been attributed to its inhibition of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). In our prior research, α4 protein, a regulator of PP2A, was found not only crucial for PP2A regulation but also for the overall response of HEK 293 cells encountering MC‐LR. To explore the role of α4 in MC‐LR toxicity via PP2A regulation, here, HEK 293 cells overexpressing α4 protein were exposed to MC‐LR and PP2A, cytoskeletal organization, and cytoskeleton‐related proteins were investigated. The results showed that PP2A activity decreased and PP2A/C subunit expression and phosphorylation at Tyr307 increased significantly in the group exposed to high MC‐LR. Vimentin IF became concentrated and formed perinuclear bundles. However, the assembly of actin filament and microtubules remained unchanged and the expression and phosphorylation of the cytoskeleton‐related proteins HSP27 and VASP did not increase significantly. Some of these results differ from those of our previous study in which normal HEK293 cells were exposed to MC‐LR. Our results indicate that elevated α4 expression confers some resistance to MC‐LR‐induced cytoskeletal change These new findings provide helpful insights into the mechanism of MC‐LR toxicity and the role of α4 in regulating PP2A function. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 255–264, 2017.
para‐Phenylenediamine induces apoptosis through activation of reactive oxygen species‐mediated mitochondrial pathway, and inhibition of the NF‐κB, mTOR, and Wnt pathways in human urothelial cells
Authors: Reena Kasi , Ng Khuen Yen , Koh Rhun Yian , Gnanajothy Ponnudurai , Chye Soi Moi 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTpara‐Phenylenediamine (PPD) has long been used in two‐thirds of permanent oxidative hair dye formulations. Epidemiological studies and in vivo studies have shown that hair dye is a suspected carcinogen of bladder cancer. However, the toxicity effects of PPD to human bladder remains elusive. In this study, the effects of PPD and its involvement in the apoptosis pathways in human urothelial cells (UROtsa) was investigated. It was demonstrated that PPD decreased cell viability and increased the number of sub‐G1 hypodiploid cells in UROtsa cells. Cell death due to apoptosis was detected using Annexin V binding assay. Further analysis showed PPD generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced mitochondrial dysfunction through the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased caspase‐3 level in UROtsa cells. Western blot analysis of PPD‐treated UROtsa cells showed down‐regulation of phosphorylated proteins from NF‐κB, mTOR, and Wnt pathways. In conclusion, PPD induced apoptosis via activation of ROS‐mediated mitochondrial pathway, and possibly through inhibition of NF‐κB, mTOR, and Wnt pathways. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 265–277, 2017.
Virus‐based nanoparticles as platform technologies for modern vaccines
Authors: Lee Karin L. , Twyman Richard M. , Fiering Steven , Steinmetz Nicole F. 
Published: January 2016

Nanoscale engineering is revolutionizing the development of vaccines and immunotherapies. Viruses have played a key role in this field because they can function as prefabricated nanoscaffolds with unique properties that are easy to modify. Viruses are immunogenic via multiple pathways, and antigens displayed naturally or by engineering on the surface can be used to create vaccines against the cognate virus, other pathogens, specific molecules or cellular targets such as tumors. This review focuses on the development of virus‐based nanoparticle systems as vaccines indicated for the prevention or treatment of infectious diseases, chronic diseases, cancer, and addiction. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:554–578. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1383This article is categorized under:

Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures
Urologische Malignome und rheumatoide Arthritis
Authors: Boegemann M. , Alten R. , Aringer M. , Zastrow S. 
Published: January 2016

Zusammenfassung
Urologische Malignome sind relativ häufig und nehmen mit zunehmendem Lebensalter zu. Der demografische Wandel führt dazu, dass bei immer mehr Patienten mit entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen urogenitale Tumoren koinzident sind oder unter antirheumatischer Therapie auftreten. Die Basistherapie rheumatischer Erkrankungen muss in dieses Fällen individuell sorgfältig abgewogen werden, obwohl die begrenzte Evidenz für die meisten Situationen gegen eine massive Risikoerhöhung durch konventionelle und/oder biologische Basistherapeutika spricht. Paraneoplastische Phänomene auch im Bewegungsapparat können durch urogenitale Malignome ausgelöst werden. Mit den sich abzeichnenden Umwälzungen der medikamentösen Tumortherapie durch die Immunonkologie ergeben sich darüber hinaus neue Herausforderungen für die interdisziplinäre Kooperation von Uroonkologen und Rheumatologen. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen deutschen und europäischen Leitlinien die Diagnostik, Standardbehandlung und Nachsorge urologischer Malignome skizziert. Wir beschreiben Kernaspekte, die von Urologen und Rheumatologen beachtet werden sollten. Durch persönliche Absprache, regelmäßigen Erfahrungsaustausch und Einbeziehung von Rheumatologen in interdisziplinäre Tumorboards sollte zukünftig eine bessere Behandlung unserer gemeinsamen Patienten möglich werden.
Vitamin D and Evening Primrose Oil Administration Improve Glycemia and Lipid Profiles in Women with Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Jamilian Mehri , Karamali Maryam , Taghizadeh Mohsen , Sharifi Nasrin , Jafari Zahra , Memarzadeh Mohammad Reza , Mahlouji Mahnaz , Asemi Zatolla 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLimited data are available assessing the effects of vitamin D and evening primrose oil (EPO) administration on markers of insulin resistance and lipid concentrations in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and EPO administration on insulin resistance and lipid concentrations among women with GDM. In this prospective randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial, 60 participants with GDM were divided into 2 groups of either 1000 IU vitamin D3 and 1000 mg EPO or placebo for 6 weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, fasting blood samples were obtained from the participants to measure related variables. After 6 weeks of intervention, changes in fasting plasma glucose (−3.6 ± 7.5 vs. +1.5 ± 11.4 mg/dL, P = 0.04), serum insulin concentrations (−2.0 ± 5.3 vs. +4.6 ± 10.7 µIU/mL, P = 0.004), homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance (−0.5 ± 1.1 vs. +1.1 ± 2.5, P = 0.003), HOMA‐B cell function (−7.7 ± 23.3 vs. +17.4 ± 42.9, P = 0.007) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01 ± 0.02 vs. −0.01 ± 0.02, P = 0.007) in the vitamin D plus EPO group were significantly different from the placebo group. In addition, compared with the placebo, vitamin D and EPO supplementation resulted in significant reductions in serum TAG (−20.0 ± 54.3 vs. +34.3 ± 38.2 mg/dL, P < 0.001), VLDL (−4.0 ± 10.9 vs. +6.9 ± 7.6 mg/dL, P < 0.001), TC (−22.1 ± 32.6 vs. +5.3 ± 20.1 mg/dL, P < 0.001), LDL concentrations (−18.0 ± 25.5 vs. +1.8 ± 15.7 mg/dL, P = 0.001) and TC/HDL (−0.3 ± 0.4 vs. +0.3 ± 0.5 mg/dL, P < 0.001). We did not observe any significant effect of vitamin D and EPO supplementation on serum HDL concentrations.Clinical trial registration number: http://www.irct.ir: IRCT201509115623N52.
Implementation of persistent identification of topological entities based on macro-parametrics approach
Authors: Farjana Shahjadi Hisan , Han Soonhung , Mun Duhwan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In history based parametric CAD modeling systems, persistent identification of the topological entities after design modification is mandatory to keep the design intent by recording model creation history and modification history. Persistent identification of geometric and topological entities is necessary in the product design phase as well as in the re-evaluation stage. For the identification, entities should be named first according to the methodology which will be applicable for all the entities unconditionally. After successive feature operations on a part body, topology based persistent identification mechanism generates ambiguity problem that usually stems from topology splitting and topology merging. Solving the ambiguity problem needs a complex method which is a combination of topology and geometry. Topology is used to assign the basic name to the entities. And geometry is used for the ambiguity solving between the entities. In the macro parametrics approach of iCAD lab of KAIST a topology based persistent identification mechanism is applied which will solve the ambiguity problem arising from topology splitting and also in case of topology merging. Here, a method is proposed where no geometry comparison is necessary for topology merging. The present research is focused on the enhancement of the persistent identification schema for the support of ambiguity problem especially of topology splitting problem and topology merging problem. It also focused on basic naming of pattern features.
Highlights A method for persistent identification of topological entities is implemented. Proposed method is verified using macro-parametrics based translator TransCAD. Proposed method is applicable for feature based CAD modeling operations. Proposed method is for basic naming and ambiguity solving of topological entities. In future this method can be extended for other feature operations.
JUSTICE IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Kurtulmus Faik , Irzik Gürol 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article we develop an account of justice in the distribution of knowledge. We first argue that knowledge is a fundamental interest that grounds claims of justice due to its role in individuals’ deliberations about the common good, their personal good and the pursuit thereof. Second, we identify the epistemic basic structure of a society, namely, the institutions that determine individuals’ opportunities for acquiring knowledge and discuss what justice requires of them. Our main contention is that a systematic lack of opportunity to acquire knowledge one needs as an individual and a citizen because of the way the epistemic basic structure of a society is organized is an injustice. Finally, we discuss how our account relates to John Rawls's influential theory of justice.
Value added or tunneling? Evidence from new product announcements by Taiwanese business groups
Authors: Chang Shao-Chi , Chen I-Fen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUsing new product announcement events made by group member firms in Taiwan, this study examines whether the firms’ multiple network ties within business groups benefit member firms or whether they provide a channel for controlling shareholders to tunnel. We find that the announcement of new products by group member firms has a positive effect on the market value of other, non-announcing group peers. This evidence is consistent with the value-added hypothesis. More importantly, this effect is stronger when member firms are connected via equity ties. Furthermore, we also offer an original analysis of how family control in business groups affects the impact of network ties on value creation. Our results suggest that the controlling family may discount the market value of member firms.
On Historical Exhaustion: Argentine Critique in an Era of “Total Corruption”
Authors: Muir Sarah 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis essay examines the experience of corruption as an unavoidable and self-destructive dynamic of everyday life in post-crisis Argentina. Embedded in both everyday practices and popular evaluations of those practices, corruption in this context of neoliberal crisis operated as a folk category of socio-moral critique much like witchcraft does in some other settings, for it named a cannibalistic logic that imperiled the very framework of sociality. In order to grasp the reflexive pragmatics of this category, the essay attends first to the conceptual, then to the ethnographic, and finally to the historical dimensions of its practical life. Moving across these three dimensions, it argues that corruption indexed a very particular moral sensibility, marked by the sense of exhausted historical possibilities and inevitable national crisis.
HOBBES'S PUBLISHER AND THE POLITICAL BUSINESS OF ENLIGHTENMENT
Authors: BULMAN WILLIAM J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis article argues for an ideologically neutral understanding of the early Enlightenment, the Enlightenment public, and later Stuart religious politics. It approaches these topics from the perspective of the book trade. Thomas Hobbes's publisher and man of business in the 1670s, William Crooke, set up his London bookshop as a public forum on ‘Hobbism’ that showcased the confrontation between the Anglican clergy and their most formidable foe. In his shop, Crooke set scribal copies of illicit Hobbes tracts alongside the works of his second prized author, an Enlightened Anglican apologist named Lancelot Addison. The stationer's projects included two separate schemes to publish a controversial Hobbes tract and a bishop's response to it in a single volume. The shop was frequented not only by some of the period's foremost republicans, tolerationists, and freethinkers, but also by powerful members of the political and religious establishment, many of whom condoned and actively supported Crooke's schemes. This case-study shows from the ground up why the early Enlightenment is most profitably understood as a site of struggle between competing schemes for making internecine bloodshed a thing of the past.
Identification and fine mapping oflemma-distortion1, a single recessive gene playing an essential role in the development of lemma in rice
Authors: YANG D. W. , YE X. F. , ZHENG X. H. , CHENG C. P. , YE N. , LU L. B. , HUANG F. H. , LI Q. Q. 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYFloral organ development influences plant reproduction and crop yield. The mechanism of floral organ specification is generally conserved in angiosperms as demonstrated by the ‘ABC’ model. However, mechanisms underlying the development of floral organs in specific groups of species such as grasses remain unclear. In the genusOryza(rice), a spikelet consists of a fertile floret sub-tended by a lemma, a palea, two sterile lemmas and rudimentary glumes. To understand how the lemma is formed, a curve-shapedlemma-distortion1(ld1) mutant was identified. Genetic analysis confirmed that theld1mutant phenotype was due to a single recessive gene mutation. Using a largeF2population, theLD1gene was mapped between markers Indel-7-15 and Indel-7-18, which encompassed a region of 15·6 kilo base pairs (kbp). According to rice genome annotations, two putative genes,LOC_Os07g32510andLOC_Os07g32520, were located in this candidate region. However, DNA sequencing results indicated only 1 base pair (bp) substitution (T⇨C) was found inLOC_Os07g32510between the wild-type and theld1mutant. ThusLOC_Os07g32510, encoding a DNA binding with one zinc finger (DoF) containing protein, was the candidate gene forLD1. Further analysis showed that mutation of the amino acid cysteine (C) to arginine (R) was likely to lead to zinc finger protein deactivation. Phylogenetic and conservation analysis of the gene from different species revealed that cysteine was critical toLD1function. As a new gene controlling lemma development, the study ofLD1could provide insights into rice floral organ formation mechanisms.
Population census of Thornicroft's giraffeGiraffa camelopardalis thornicroftiin Zambia, 1973−2003: conservation reassessment required
Authors: Berry Philip S. M. , Bercovitch Fred B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThornicroft's giraffeGiraffa camelopardalis thornicroftiis limited in distribution to a single population resident in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia. During 1973−2003 regular counts were recorded along the Luangwa River in the core section of the subspecies’ range. In 2013 we conducted a count in the same region for comparison with the earlier survey results. During the 30-year period 1973−2003 the giraffe index (no. of individuals per km surveyed) was relatively stable, with an increase in 1994 and 1995 coinciding with an influx of giraffes to the west bank following an exceptionally reduced flow of the Luangwa River. The mean giraffe index during this period was 0.51 km−1, whereas the 2013 count yielded an index of 0.44 km−1. Given the limited range of the Thornicroft's giraffe, we estimate that the population comprises c. 500–600 individuals.
RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS IN BREAST CANCER TREATMENT: A HEALTH PRODUCTION APPROACH
Authors: Puig-Peiro Ruth , Mason Anne , Mestre-Ferrandiz Jorge , Towse Adrian , McGrath Clare , Jonsson Bengt 
Published: January 2016

Background: Pharmaceuticals’ relative effectiveness has come to the fore in the policy arena, reflecting the need to understand how relative efficacy (what can work) translates into added benefit in routine clinical use (what does work). European payers and licensing authorities assess value for money and post-launch benefit–risk profiles, and efforts to standardize assessments of relative effectiveness across the European Union (EU) are under way. However, the ways that relative effectiveness differs across EU healthcare settings are poorly understood.Methods: To understand which factors influence differences in relative effectiveness, we developed an analytical framework that treats the healthcare system as a health production function. Using evidence on breast cancer from England, Spain, and Sweden as a case study, we investigated the reasons why the relative effectiveness of a new drug might vary across healthcare systems. Evidence was identified from a literature review and national clinical guidance.Results: The review included thirteen international studies and thirty country-specific studies. Cross-country differences in population age structure, deprivation, and educational attainment were consistently associated with variation in outcomes. Screening intensity appeared to drive differences in survival, although the impact on mortality was unclear.Conclusions: The way efficacy translates into relative effectiveness across health systems is likely to be influenced by a range of complex and interrelated factors. These factors could inform government and payer policy decisions on ways to optimize relative effectiveness, and help increase understanding of the potential transferability of data on relative effectiveness from one health system to another.
Attitudinal Differences within the Cultural Revolution Cohort: Effects of the Sent-down Experience
Authors: Harmel Robert , Yeh Yao-Yuan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study addresses whether individuals who were sent down during the Cultural Revolution reveal different political attitudes from those who were socialized during the same period but were not themselves sent down. Using data from the urban sample of the 2006 General Social Survey of China, the authors find evidence that formerly sent-down youth – and particularly sent-down women – as compared to their not-sent-down peers, are today more willing to accept the class-struggle foundation of Mao's communist ideology but are, at the same time, more willing to assess the performance and structure of the communist regime critically.
Dietary patterns of women aged 50–69 years and associations with nutrient intake, sociodemographic factors and key risk factors for non-communicable diseases
Authors: Markussen Marianne S , Veierød Marit B , Kristiansen Anne Lene , Ursin Giske , Andersen Lene F 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveIn women, the risk for non-communicable diseases increases after menopause. We aimed to identify major dietary patterns and study their associations with nutrient intake, sociodemographic factors and risk factors for non-communicable diseases among women aged 50–69 years.DesignA cross-sectional study. Food intake was recorded by a 253-item FFQ. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The associations between the dietary patterns and nutrients were described by Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the dietary patterns and age, education, BMI, physical activity and smoking.SettingThe Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Programme.SubjectsWomen (n 6298) aged 50–69 years.ResultsThree dietary patterns were identified: ‘Prudent’, ‘Western’ and ‘Continental’. Adherence to the ‘Prudent’ pattern was related to older age, higher education, higher BMI, more physical activity (Ptrend<0·001) and being a non-smoker (P<0·001). Adherence to the ‘Western’ pattern was related to older age, lower education, higher BMI, less physical activity (0·001≤Ptrend≤0·006) and lower alcohol intake (r =−0·28). Adherence to the ‘Continental’ pattern was related to younger age, higher education, higher BMI, less physical activity, (Ptrend<0·001), being a smoker (P<0·001) and higher alcohol intake (r=0·36).ConclusionsThree distinct dietary patterns were identified. High adherence to a ‘Prudent’ pattern was associated with a healthy lifestyle, while high adherence to a ‘Western’ or ‘Continental’ pattern was associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. These findings are valuable knowledge for health authorities when forming strategies to promote a healthier lifestyle among women.