bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE SELF ASSESSMENT CORNER ( SAC METHOD): A NOVEL WAY TO SELF ASSESS SHOULDER ROTATOR CUFF STRENGTH: A RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY STUDY
Authors: Decleve Philippe , Cools Ann 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundRisk factors among overhead athletes have been investigated in many studies. The rotator cuff external rotator weakness is associated with an increased probability of substantial shoulder problems and throwing related injury requiring surgical intervention.ObjectiveTo evaluate the relative and absolute reliability and the validity of the SAC method (SAC) that allows measurement of shoulder internal and external rotator isometric strength by the patient himself with the use of a hand-held dynamometer (HHD) fixed on a stabilization device.DesignA two session measurement design was used.Settinglaboratory setting.Patients (or Participants)46 healthy adult participants (26 males and 20 females) aged between 18 and 25 years.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Strength was measured using the SAC in a 0°0° and 90°90° shoulder position and compare to the HHD manual muscle testing in a standing (STAN) and sitting position (SIT).Main Outcome MeasurementsRelative reliability was determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Absolute reliability was quantified by standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC). Systematic differences among similar measurements under different testing circumstances, were analyzed with Related Samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test or Kruskall Wallis Test.ResultsResults showed relative reliability was good to excellent ranging from 0.85 (IR 0°0°) to 0.92(IR 90°90°). Absolute reliability showed MDC90%varying from 8.06 N (IR 90°90°) to 15,69 N (IR 0°0°) and SEM varying from 3,45 N (IR 90°90°) to 6,72 N (IR 0°0°). Comparative analysis of similar measurements showed no statistically diferences between SAC and STAN in a 0°0° position as well as in a 90°90° position between SAC,STAN and SIT.ConclusionsWe demonstrated a clinically applicable method, reliable and valid for self assessing rotator cuff isometric strength.
STAY HEALTHY: AN AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF SPORT ILLNESS PREVENTION PROJECT
Authors: Drew Michael , Nicole Vlahovich , David Hughes , Renee Appaneal , Kirsten Peterson , Louise Burke , Bronwen Lundy , Mary Toomey , David Watts , Greg Lovell , Stephan Praet , Shona Halson , Candice Colbey , Silvia Manzanero , Marijke Welvaert , Nic West , David Pyne , Gordon Waddington 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundIllnesses affect the ability of an athlete to perform. Few studies investigate risk factors in athletes across disciplines.ObjectiveTo investigate risk factors for illness in athletes preparing for the Olympic Games.DesignCross-sectional.SettingAustralian athletes eligible for selection for the Olympic Games.Participants317 athletes from 15 sports completed at least one component of the study (59% of athletes). To be eligible, athlete had to be available for selection for the Olympics.Assessment of Risk FactorsPhase 1 (P1) was in the summer period of December 2015-January 2016 and Phase 2 (P2) involved the period in the autumn (late April-June 2016). Questionnaires were administered in an electronic system. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS), Recovery-Stress Questionnaire (REST-Q-52 item), Low Energy in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q), a modified Personal and Household Hygiene questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and custom-made questionnaires on probiotic usage and travel were administered.Main Outcome MeasurementsA monthly sports incapacity defintion was used in P1. A symptom checklist, including sports incapacity, was utilized in P2 investigating Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms (URTS), bodily aches, gastrointestinal, head, eye, fatigue or chest symptoms.ResultsFemale athletes were at higher odds of respiratory illness (OR=2.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 6.0). The prevalence of a high LEAF-Q score (≥8) was 49 and 53% and was associated with illness (P1: Any illness OR 7.4, 95% CI 0.8–352; P2: URTS OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.3–11.6). High DASS-21 scores were associated with increased reports of illness in P1 (Depression, OR=8.4 95% CI 1.1–59). High PSQI scores increased the reports of illness (P2: URTS: PSQI≥5, OR=2.8 95% CI 1.2–6.9).ConclusionsThe results highlight that female athletes, particularly when exhibiting low energy availability, are at higher risk. Poor mental health and sleep quality were associated with illness.
LOOKING BEYOND RECURRENCE; CURRENT METHODS FOR REPORTING MULTIPLE INDIVIDUAL INJURY IN STUDIES OF TEAM BALL SPORTS
Authors: Fortington Lauren , der Worp Henk van , Akker-Scheek Inge van den , Finch Caroline 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundParticipants of team ball sports will commonly experience more than one injury over a period of participation. Recording/reporting this can be difficult but it is necessary to provide the most accurate estimates of sports injury incidence.ObjectiveTo identify the current methods used to report more than one individual injury in studies of injury incidence in team ball sports.DesignSystematic review of literature.SettingStudies of injury incidence in team ball sports.Patients (or Participants)Studies were included if they: reported incidence of all injuries (not specific to one injury type) over the whole time period (e.g. not game-injuries only); were conducted with participants of team ball sports; collected data prospectively; had a follow-up time of >1 calendar-year or ≥2 consecutive-seasons; collected data in a defined cohort (e.g. club, school); used an individual identifier in the collection of data.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)None.Main Outcome MeasurementsNumber of included studies, definitions of injury and summary of how multiple individual injuries were reported.ResultsThere were 71 studies included, from which the most common presentation of data was pooled injury counts summarised across teams/seasons (n=34). Where multiple injuries were reported (n=37), most studies (n=20) were limited to recurrent injuries only (exact same body part and type.) Eleven studies presented the mean number of injuries per athlete for a specified time (season, study-duration), eight studies reported the range of injuries in athletes. Used infrequently was a measure of risk of injury in subsequent seasons or a statement that some athletes had >1 injury in the season.ConclusionsInjury prevention relies on accurate incidence estimates. Ongoing development of methodology in this area is encouraged to advance understanding of the causal underpinnings of sports injuries, and their prevention.
INJURIES IN ELITE U18 FIELD HOCKEY PLAYERS AT A MAJOR TOURNAMENT
Authors: Furlong Laura-Anne , Rolle Udo 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThere is little data on injuries in elite U18 field hockey players, which limits development of appropriate evidence-based injury prevention strategies.ObjectiveQuantify incidence and characteristics of injuries in elite U18 field hockey players at a major tournament.DesignProspective injury surveillance.Setting2016 EuroHockey Youth Championships, Ireland.ParticipantsSixteen national representative teams; 8 in each of the boys and girls competitions.Main Outcome MeasurementsNumber of, type, mechanism and site of injuries occurring on the pitch where play was stopped for the player to receive attention.ResultsAcross the six-day tournament, 39 injuries were reported (20 in boys competition, 19 in girls; average: 0.98 injuries per match). In the boys competition, fifteen contusions were observed primarily due to being hit by the ball/stick, with fractures (2), being winded (2) and sprains (1) also reported. Most injuries (15) occurred in the lower limb or torso, with three in the upper limb and two to the head/face where players collided with each other. Three injuries occurred when struck by the ball defending penalty corners, resulting in two lower limb contusions and one fractured finger. In the girls competition, 10 of 19 injuries were contusions, also primarily due to being hit by the ball/stick. Sprains (3), lacerations (2), being winded (2), strains (1) and cramp (1) were also reported. Ten occurred in the lower limb, five to the head/face (four due to being hit by the stick), one to the upper limb and three to the torso. Two injuries occurred defending penalty corners, resulting in contusions to the thigh and hand.ConclusionsInjury incidence in elite U18 field hockey is low but the high number of injuries due to being struck by the ball or stick highlights the importance of design and use of appropriate protective equipment for youth athletes.
RECREATIONAL RUNNER' STRATEGIES TO COPE WITH INJURY AND ILLNESS DURING MARATHON RACE PREPARATIONS: CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN SWEDEN
Authors: Gauffin Håkan , Tillander Bo , Dahlström Örjan , Nyman Henrik , Timpka Toomas 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundRunning is one of the most popular forms of physical exercise worldwide. It is therefore discomforting that pain and overuse injuries are common among recreational runners. The coping concept is used to denote conscious efforts to solve personal and interpersonal problems, and seeking to master, minimize or tolerate stress or conflict.ObjectiveTo explore coping strategies associated with injury and illness management in runners.DesignCross-sectional study based on an online survey.SettingRecreational runners preparing for a marathon race.Patients (or Participants)Swedish recreational marathon runners.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Age, sex, and coping strategies as measured by the Brief Cope instrument.Main Outcome MeasurementsEpisodes of injury or illness lasting at least three weeks during the past 12 months.ResultsThe response rate was 38% (317/833 runners). One out of five runners reported a pre-race health problem, with overuse injuries with gradual onset being the most frequent problem and the knee the most common localisation. No statistical differences between injured and non-injured runners were observed for any feature of the Brief Cope instrument. Runners having rested from running due to illness reported higher scores for the adaptive coping strategy active coping (p=0.020). They also reported lower scores for emotional support (p=0.020) and higher scores for the maladaptive coping strategy behavioural disengagement (p=0.041) than runners not having rested for illness.ConclusionsAn association between active coping and rest due to illness was found among recreational marathon runners. Illness, usually having a sudden onset, seem to motivate marathon runners to rest more strongly than overuse injuries that normally have a gradual onset. The results indicate that health problems with gradual onset call for different approaches for behavioural interventions and prevention than those with sudden onset. Coping strategies among recreational runners warrant further research based on longitudinal study designs.
X-RAY SCAN EXAMINATION AS A QUALIFICATION TO PRACTICE JUDO–THE CERVICAL SPINE INSTABILITY AMONG CHILDREN
Authors: Gawroński Wojciech , Gawrońska Aleksandra , Kabata Jakub 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundJudo is a martial art focused on the use of grasping the neck with the high risk of the cervical spine injury. Therefore on examination which qualifies to practicing judo, it is mandatory to perform an X-ray scan of the cervical spine segment.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether radiological diagnosis of cervical spine instability among children is an absolute or relative contraindication to practicing judo. Impact assessment of contact sport on the incidence of cervical spine instability among children – recognition and prevention.DesignRetrospective descriptive study.SettingJudo beginners.Participant22 children aged 7 to 12.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)The young athletes underwent X-ray examination of the cervical spine, using the A-P and lateral views. When instability was diagnosed, additional functional radiographic examinations (flexion-extension view) was ordered.Main Outcome Measurements12 cases with instability were followed by consultation with a neurosurgeon, and children orthopedist.ResultsThe study assessed 22 young athletes performing judo. In this group, there was only 1 case (4.55%) with no cervical spine lesions found, 9 cases (40.90%) with lesions which did not present a contraindication to practice sport and 12 cases (54.55%) with instability.ConclusionsIn case of finding instability in stationary X-rays and confirming in flexion-extension X-rays (lateral views) resulting only from the laxity of the capsular and ligamentous system, it is possible to allow practicing judo in case of children below 12 years old, on condition of undergoing the systematic and comprehensive examination. It is necessary to introduce general physical training to strengthen the muscles in the cervical segment, before starting technical training.
The First Difference Property of the Present Value Operator
Authors: Buser Stephen A. , Jensen Bjarne Astrup 
Published: August 2017

This paper identifies a fundamental relationship between the present value of a given cash flow and the present value of the period by period change in that cash flow. The new relationship is shown to be highly useful for the identification of analytic expressions for present value and related measures such as duration and convexity; expressions that continue to play an instructive role by helping to relate the quantitative outcomes of numerical calculations to the driving forces behind those calculations. This new method applies only simple arithmetic operations and avoids the use of differential calculus and advanced series summation in order to derive these analytic results. We apply the method to a variety of nontraditional cash flows, including cash flows with linear growth or decay, cash flows that are subject to different tax effects for dividends and capital gain, and cash flows that are projected to exhibit cyclical variation over time.
Basho as a Post-Pastoral Poet (ポスト・パストラル詩人としての芭蕉)
Authors: Nishi Kinya , 西 欣也 
Published: August 2017

This essay is an attempt to explore Basho Matsuo’s establishment of haiku as a significant moment in the history of Japanese literature where the perception of nature was drastically changed. It is often assumed that Basho’s poetry exemplifies aesthetic harmony between human beings and nature. However, with the help of recent critical discussions on the idea of nature I will argue that Basho’s poems entail intriguing paradoxes between, for example, the natural and the artificial, or between the legacy of the past and the perception of the present. A reconsideration of the literary, religious and social dimensions of Basho’s work will help us clarify how the poet, having mastered a range of styles, whether classical or contemporary urban, exposed himself to nature during his journeys in order to establish a new structure of aesthetics. I will draw on the “post-pastoral” debate to position Basho’s achievement among the great traditions that have expanded the possibility of representation by striking a subtle balance between uncritical acceptance and wholesale rejection of literary tradition.
〔概要〕本論は、松尾芭蕉による俳諧の確立を、日本文学史において自然認識を大きく変容させる重要な時機として考察する試みである。しばしば芭蕉の詩作は、自然と人間との間の美的調和を典型的に示すものと考えられている。しかし、自然の観念をめぐる最近の議論を踏まえるならば、芭蕉の詩は《自然なもの》と《作られたもの》、《過去の遺産》と《現在の知覚》等々のあいだの興味ある逆説を内包していることがわかる。芭蕉の作品の背後にある文学的、宗教的、社会的諸次元を再考していくことにより、芭蕉が、古典から同時代の都市の流行まで多様な様式に習熟したのち、旅において自らを自然に曝し、新しい構造を持つ美学を構築したことが示されるであろう。「ポスト・パストラル」の議論を参照しながら、筆者は芭蕉の達成したものを偉大な伝統のうちに据えてみたい。その伝統とはすなわち、文学伝統の無批判な受容と総体的拒絶とのあいだの精妙なバランスをとることによって、表現の可能性を拡大する伝統である。
This article is in Japanese.
The Echigo-Tsumari Triennale and Satoyama (越後妻有トリエンナーレと里山)
Authors: Matsuo Amiko , 松尾 亜実子 
Published: August 2017

Fram Kitagawa is a major producer of contemporary art festivals in Japan. His optimistic vision connects artists, farmers, rural residents, and researchers to redefine the notion of local identity and place. Doing so revitalizes rural Japanese communities by increasing awareness through the restorative process of satoyama, which allows for connections between the history of the landscape, aesthetics, and local socio-economic issues. Kitagawa’s active pursuit of dialogue within the multiple narratives of local and regional histories makes the Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennali precursors to other expansive social art practices.
More importantly, the restorative efforts of Kitagawa and the Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennale endure despite the economic recession, the Chuetsu earthquake, polarization of the urban and rural, and the Tohoku devastation on 3/11. This persistence depends upon linking artistic practices with social development rooted in place-making and place-identity. Increased awareness by Western artists might set up Echigo-Tsumari as a model for transformative art elsewhere on the scale of Kitagawa’s vision. The model could inspire, for example, more work in the vein of Theaster Gates, the American ceramic and social practice installation artists, who argues that artists should do more than just make objects. Rather, we should “make the thing that makes the thing,” and as Gates asserts, we should transform culture.
北川フラムは、日本における現代アート・フェスティバルの重要なプロデューサーの一人である。彼の前向きな考え方は、アーティスト、農民、地方の住民、そして地域のアイデンティティや場所の概念の再定義を行う研究者を結びつけている。この結びつきは里山の回復プロセスに対する人々の気づきを促し、日本の地方コミュニテイを活性化している。さらにこの結びつきによって、風景の歴史、美学、地域の社会経済問題を結びつけることも可能となっている。北川が地元や地方の歴史に関する多様な物語と活発に対話しつづけてきたことによって、越後妻有トリエンナーレは他の社会的アート実践のさきがけとなった。より重要なのは、経済的不況、中越地震、都市と地方の二極化、そして３１１の東日本大震災の発生にもかかわらず、北川と越後妻有トリエンナーレが活力を失わずに努力を続けてきたということである。この努力の継続は、場所づくりや場所のアイデンティティに根付いた社会的発展とアートによる実践が結びついていることに依っている。西洋のアーティストたちから、ますますこのトリエンナーレに注目があつまるようになっている。そのため、北川の考えるような規模の場所でということであれば、世界の別のどこかで実践される変革的アートのモデルとして越後妻有が機能することになるだろう。陶芸や社会実践的インスタレーションを製作するアメリカのアーティストであるスイースター・ゲイツは、アーティストはただ作品を作る以上のことをすべきだと主張する。越後妻有のようなアートのモデルは、この彼の考えに連なるような作品を生み出しうるだろう。われわれはゲイツの主張するように、「モノをつくるモノをつくる」べきである。つまり、われわれは文化を変革すべきなのである。
This article is in Japanese.
The Art of Regenerative Regional Development: The Case of Echigo-Tsumari (地域再生開発の術（すべ）としてのアート——越後妻有の場合)
Authors: Shrivastava Paul , シュリヴァストラヴァ ポール・ , Cucuzzella Carmela , ククゼラ カーメラ 
Published: August 2017

Although much of regenerative design thinking deals with ecosystem impact reductions, eco-efficiency improvements, and scientific and technological interventions, there is still a conceptual gap and an opportunity, for “arts based regeneration” as a possibility for urban renewal. The Echigo-Tsumari Art Field in Japan serves as an example of a successful attempt at creating a regenerative community and economy through using an art-based intervention in a unique way that stretches across villages and existing rural landscapes. This intervention renewed completely a community through exchanges of a variety of actors in a regional setting. This essay examines the Echigo-Tsumari case as an exemplar of a regenerative regional development and as an alternative complement to the dominant modes of addressing sustainability.
〔都市や地域の〕再生計画概念の大部分が、生態系への影響縮小や環境効率のよい開発、科学的・技術的介入と結びついたものであるにもかかわらず、都市再開発としての“アートを基盤とした再生”にはいまだに概念的な欠落があり、その実現は将来的見込みとしか見なされていない側面がある。日本の〈越後妻有　大地の芸術祭〉は、自治体再生・経済再生創出の模範的な成功例だ。この芸術祭では、アートを基盤としたユニークな方法による介入が、地元の村々や田園風景の合間を縫って行われた。芸術祭は、地域を支える様々な要素のやりとりを通して、コミュニティを一新したのである。本小論では、地域再開発の模範例として、また持続可能性への主要なアプローチの補足的代替案として、この越後妻有の事例を考察する。
This article is in Japanese.
Basic Knowledge and Conditions on Knowledge
Authors: McBride Mark 
Published: August 2017

How do we know what we know? In this stimulating and rigorous book, Mark McBride explores two sets of issues in contemporary epistemology: the problems that warrant transmission poses for the category of basic knowledge; and the status of conclusive reasons, sensitivity, and safety as conditions that are necessary for knowledge.
To have basic knowledge is to know (have justification for) some proposition immediately, i.e., knowledge (justification) that doesn’t depend on justification for any other proposition. This book considers several puzzles that arise when you take seriously the possibility that we can have basic knowledge.
McBride’s analysis draws together two vital strands in contemporary epistemology that are usually treated in isolation from each other. Additionally, its innovative arguments include a new application of the safety condition to the law.
This book will be of interest to epistemologists―both professionals and students.
A Weather-Type-Based Cross-Time-Scale Diagnostic Framework for Coupled Circulation Models
Authors: Muñoz Ángel G. , Yang Xiaosong , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Robertson Andrew W. , Cooke William F. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This study proposes an integrated diagnostic framework based on atmospheric circulation regime spatial patterns and frequencies of occurrence to facilitate the identification of model systematic errors across multiple time scales. To illustrate the approach, three sets of 32-yr-long simulations are analyzed for northeastern North America and for the March–May season using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory’s Low Ocean–Atmosphere Resolution (LOAR) and Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) coupled models; the main difference between these two models is the horizontal resolution of the atmospheric model used. Regime-dependent biases are explored in the light of different atmospheric horizontal resolutions and under different nudging approaches. It is found that both models exhibit a fair representation of the observed circulation regime spatial patterns and frequencies of occurrence, although some biases are present independently of the horizontal resolution or the nudging approach and are associated with a misrepresentation of troughs centered north of the Great Lakes and deep coastal troughs. Moreover, the intraseasonal occurrence of certain model regimes is delayed with respect to observations. On the other hand, interexperiment differences in the mean frequencies of occurrence of the simulated weather types, and their variability across multiple time scales, tend to be negligible. This result suggests that low-resolution models could be of potential use to diagnose and predict physical variables via their simulated weather type characteristics.
Independent Evaluation of Frozen Precipitation from WRF and PRISM in the Olympic Mountains
Authors: Currier William Ryan , Thorson Theodore , Lundquist Jessica D. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Estimates of precipitation from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and the Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) are widely used in complex terrain to obtain spatially distributed precipitation data. The authors evaluated both WRF (4/3 km) and PRISM’s (800-m annual climatology) ability to estimate frozen precipitation using the hydrologic model Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives (SUMMA) and a unique set of spatiotemporal snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) observations collected for the Olympic Mountain Experiment (OLYMPEX) ground validation campaign during water year 2016. When SUMMA was forced with WRF precipitation and used a calibrated, wet-bulb-temperature-based method for partitioning rain versus snow, its estimation of near-peak SWE was biased low by 21% on average. However, when SUMMA was allowed to partition WRF total precipitation into rain and snow based on output from WRF’s microphysical scheme (WRFMPP), simulations of snow depth and SWE were near equal to or better than simulations that used PRISM-derived precipitation with the calibrated partitioning method. Over all sites, WRFMPP and simulations that used PRISM-derived precipitation had relatively unbiased estimates of near-peak SWE, but both simulated absolute errors in near-peak SWE of 30%–60% at a few locations. Since, on average, WRFMPP had similar errors to PRISM, WRFMPP suggested a promising path forward in hydrology, as it was independent of gauge data and did not require SWE observations for calibration. Furthermore, in similar maritime environments, hydrologic modelers should pay close attention to decisions regarding rain-versus-snow partitioning, wind speed, and incoming longwave radiation.