bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) treatment on the viscoelasticity of in-situ lignin
Authors: Guo Juan , Yin Jiangping , Zhang Yonggang , Salmén Lennart , Yin Yafang 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
For producing wood products without fractures based on thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) treatments, it is essential to understand how steaming and compression change the wood softening and cell wall components. In this paper, the effects of compression combined with steam treatment (CS) on the viscoelasticity of the in-situ lignin of Chinese fir has been investigated through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) under fully saturated conditions. Several variations were studied, such as the softening temperature (Tg) and apparent activation energy (ΔHa) of the softening process in response to CS treatment conditions (such as steam temperature and compression ratio) under separate consideration of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW). No difference between EW and LW with respect to the viscoelasticity was noted. Tg and ΔHa of the lignin softening were nearly unaffected by the compression ratio, but were highly influenced by the steam temperature. The Tg decreased significantly with CS treatments at or above 160oC, but showed no appreciable change, compared to the native wood, at the lower steaming temperature of 140oC. ΔHa increased at higher steam temperatures, while ΔHa showed a decreasing tendency with decreasing Tg. This indicates that lignin undergoes a simultaneous depolymerization as well as a condensation during CS treatment.
Bio-banding in Sport: Applications to Competition, Talent Identification, and Strength and Conditioning of Youth Athletes
Authors: Cumming Sean P. , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Oliver Jon L. , Eisenmann Joey C. , Malina Robert M. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
BIO-BANDING IS THE PROCESS OF GROUPING ATHLETES ON THE BASIS OF ATTRIBUTES ASSOCIATED WITH GROWTH AND MATURATION RATHER THAN CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. CHILDREN OF THE SAME AGE VARY CONSIDERABLY IN BIOLOGICAL MATURATION WITH SOME INDIVIDUALS MATURING IN ADVANCE OR DELAY OF THEIR PEERS. THE TIMING OF MATURATION HAS IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS FOR COMPETITION, TALENT IDENTIFICATION, AND TRAINING. INCREASED AWARENESS AND INTEREST IN THE SUBJECT OF MATURATION HAS SPARKED A RENEWED INTEREST IN THE STUDY AND APPLICATION OF BIO-BANDING. THIS OVERVIEW DESCRIBES THE PURPOSE AND PROCESS OF BIO-BANDING, POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS, AND DESCRIBES SOME RECENT ADVANCES IN ITS APPLICATION IN YOUTH SPORTS.
Unilateral Dumbbell Clean and Jerk
Authors: O'Reilly Lori , Kerksick Chad M. , Feutz Betsy 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
OLYMPIC-STYLE LIFTS OFFER A NUMBER OF BENEFITS INCLUDING THE ABILITY TO INCREASE POWER AND ENHANCE NEUROMUSCULAR COORDINATION. THE UNILATERAL DUMBBELL CLEAN AND JERK ADDS A VARIATION TO THE TRADITIONAL, BILATERAL, BARBELL-BASED VERSION OF THE MOVEMENT THAT CAN BE USED TO ENHANCE STABILITY AND COORDINATION.
Growth Plate Injuries in Children in Sports: A Review of Sever's Disease
Authors: Naaktgeboren Kaitlin , Dorgo Sandor , Boyle Jason B. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTSEVER'S DISEASE IS A CONDITION IN CHILDREN THAT MAY BE THE RESULT OF OVERUSE. WITH SPORT INVOLVEMENT ON THE RISE AND AN INCREASING NUMBER OF TRAINING CAMPS, FACILITIES, AND PROGRAMS AVAILABLE FOR CHILDREN OVERUSE INJURIES HAVE MULTIPLIED. THE PRESENT ARTICLE AIMS TO REVIEW THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SEVER'S DISEASE THROUGH SYNTHESIZING AVAILABLE INFORMATION, AND TO PROVIDE GUIDELINES TO RECOGNIZE, TREAT, AND PREVENT POTENTIAL CASES OF SEVER'S DISEASE.
Experimental Research on the Influence of an Empty-Hole Defect on Crack Connections Between a Directionally Fractured Blast Hole
Authors: Wang Y. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this work, we examine the distribution characteristics of a dynamic stress field surrounding an empty hole, as well as the influence of an empty hole on the dynamic behavior of main crack expansion caused by an explosion between double blast holes from a blast load effect by utilizing a new digital laser dynamic caustics (DLDC) experimental system. The results show that the two face-to-face expanded main cracks are deflected toward the empty hole and connect at the empty hole as a result of the influence of the guiding role of the empty hole. The influence of increasing the size of the empty hole on the orientation of the principle stress surrounding the empty hole is found to be ambiguous. The expansion speed and stress-intensity factor of the main crack tips in each case are analyzed. Moreover, the average expansion speed of the main crack for different shapes of empty holes are compared.
Rheo-Dielectric Effects in Three Types of Dark Chocolate With Different Compositions
Authors: Peng Y. Y. , Chen X. , Wang X. C. , Wang N. , Li H. M. , Turng L.-S. , Wang Q. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Dielectrostriction is a rheo-dielectric phenomenon, which reflects the variation of dielectric properties of a material with deformation. It is a fundamental property of any dielectric material, including polymers and many foods. A linear relationship has been found between the change in the dielectric constants and stresses for polymers and a chocolate spread, which is named the stress-dielectric rule. This study explored the dielectrostriction responses in three types of dark chocolate with different compositions in an oscillatory shear flow. The results revealed that the stress-dielectric rule holds well for all three types of chocolate, and the dielectrostricive response is much more sensitive than the rheological response to changes in the chocolate composition. These findings suggested that dielectrostriction measurements are a novel approach for rheological property studies, and can be developed into a powerful tool for chocolate process monitoring.
Analysis of Incubation Period Versus Surface Topographical Parameters in Liquid Droplet Erosion Tests
Authors: Tobin E. F. , Young T. M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A novel approach to identifying the incubation time in liquid droplet eroded materials/coatings was explored by using metrological methods. Links were investigated between surface texture characteristics and the ending of the incubation period. The usual practice within erosion testing is to record the change in mass of the sample or to observe the appearance of the sample to establish an estimate of the time to failure. The primary objectives of this work were to: (1) measure and compare surface topographical parameters of eroded surfaces in both two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D); (2) identify parameters that could be used consistently and were robust in terms of noise filtering; and (3) analyze the relationship between the incubation period and the variation of the surface topographical parameters. The failure mode of the coating was the most important aspect in the relationship between the two factors investigated. AA2024-T3 clad was shown to have a progressive damage mechanism, due to its ductile nature. The relationship between the PSa (arithmetic mean surface area primary profile) values and the mass loss values was seen to be linear after the incubation period. However, the analyses of the erosion protection coatings showed different failure mechanisms that were not generally preceded by significant changes to the surface condition. The 2D data was seen to be relevant when compared to the 3D areal surface parameters. The incubation period can be identified in certain liquid droplet eroded materials by using the surface topographical data and comparing to experimental results.
KULLANICILARININ AKILLI TELEFONLARI DEĞERLENDİRMELERİ: KASTAMONU ŞEHİR MERKEZİNDE BİR UYGULAMA THE USERS’ EVALUATIONS ABOUT THE SMARTPHONES: AN APPLICATION AT KASTAMONU CITY CENTRE
Authors: Taner Neslişah 
Published: March 2017

In recent years, mobile phones are turned into smart phones that is known multimedia machine from interpersonal device.These devices known smartphones are programmable mobile phones that offer advanced talent and features to consumers in their personal and business lives.In rapidly changing mobile phone market, new generation smart phone producers incline consumers with also being under the sway of social influence to buy and use this new technology .It has an important to establish smart phones offered as multi functional devices with different features in terms of which criteria of them are prefered and which features whether used or not by their consumers. The purpose of this paper is to assess smartphones in terms of their users. As a result of literature review, smartphones assesment criterias that are social needs, social influences,convenience,dependency and purchase behaviour are surveyed .200 smartphone users live in the city centre of Kastamonu are surveyed in this study. Results via frequency analysis,Stage Ranking Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed the consumers’ smartphone preference reasons,usage and dependendency level.Factors in the literature are confirmed by the confirmatory analysis. Results via MANOVA analysis reveal that there are differences between smartphone users consideration in terms of their demographic features.
Genomic Comparison of Indigenous African and Northern European Chickens Reveals Putative Mechanisms of Stress Tolerance Related to Environmental Selection Pressure
Authors: Fleming Damarius S , Weigend Steffen , Simianer Henner , Weigend Annett , Rothschild Max , Schmidt Carl , Ashwell Chris , Persia Mike , Reecy James , Lamont Susan J 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGlobal climate change is increasing the magnitude of environmental stressors, such as temperature, pathogens, and drought, that limit the survivability and sustainability of livestock production. Poultry production and its expansion is dependent upon robust animals that are able to cope with stressors in multiple environments. Understanding the genetic strategies that indigenous, noncommercial breeds have evolved to survive in their environment could help to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying biological traits of environmental adaptation. We examined poultry from diverse breeds and climates of Africa and Northern Europe for selection signatures that have allowed them to adapt to their indigenous environments. Selection signatures were studied using a combination of population genomic methods that employed FST, integrated haplotype score (iHS), and runs of homozygosity (ROH) procedures. All the analyses indicated differences in environment as a driver of selective pressure in both groups of populations. The analyses revealed unique differences in the genomic regions under selection pressure from the environment for each population. The African chickens showed stronger selection toward stress signaling and angiogenesis, while the Northern European chickens showed more selection pressure toward processes related to energy homeostasis. The results suggest that chromosomes 2 and 27 are the most diverged between populations and the most selected upon within the African (chromosome 27) and Northern European (chromosome 2) birds. Examination of the divergent populations has provided new insight into genes under possible selection related to tolerance of a population’s indigenous environment that may be baselines for examining the genomic contribution to tolerance adaptions.
Estimating Seven Coefficients of Pairwise Relatedness Using Population-Genomic Data
Authors: Ackerman Matthew S , Johri Parul , Spitze Ken , Xu Sen , Doak Thomas G , Young Kimberly , Lynch Michael 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Population structure can be described by genotypic-correlation coefficients between groups of individuals, the most basic of which are the pairwise relatedness coefficients between any two individuals. There are nine pairwise relatedness coefficients in the most general model, and we show that these can be reduced to seven coefficients for biallelic loci. Although all nine coefficients can be estimated from pedigrees, six coefficients have been beyond empirical reach. We provide a numerical optimization procedure that estimates all seven reduced coefficients from population-genomic data. Simulations show that the procedure is nearly unbiased, even at 3× coverage, and errors in five of the seven coefficients are statistically uncorrelated. The remaining two coefficients have a negative correlation of errors, but their sum provides an unbiased assessment of the overall correlation of heterozygosity between two individuals. Application of these new methods to four populations of the freshwater crustacean Daphnia pulex reveal the occurrence of half siblings in our samples, as well as a number of identical individuals that are likely obligately asexual clone mates. Statistically significant negative estimates of these pairwise relatedness coefficients, including inbreeding coefficients that were typically negative, underscore the difficulties that arise when interpreting genotypic correlations as estimations of the probability that alleles are identical by descent.
Exploring Evolutionary Relationships Across the Genome Using Topology Weighting
Authors: Martin Simon H , Van Belleghem Steven M 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We introduce the concept of topology weighting, a method for quantifying relationships between taxa that are not necessarily monophyletic, and visualizing how these relationships change across the genome. A given set of taxa can be related in a limited number of ways, but if each taxon is represented by multiple sequences, the number of possible topologies becomes very large. Topology weighting reduces this complexity by quantifying the contribution of each taxon topology to the full tree. We describe our method for topology weighting by iterative sampling of subtrees (Twisst), and test it on both simulated and real genomic data. Overall, we show that this is an informative and versatile approach, suitable for exploring relationships in almost any genomic dataset. Scripts to implement the method described are available at http://github.com/simonhmartin/twisst.
Rapid Adaptation of a Polygenic Trait After a Sudden Environmental Shift
Authors: Jain Kavita , Stephan Wolfgang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough many studies have shown that a population initially well adapted to its environment can evolve rapidly when conditions suddenly change, the...Although a number of studies have shown that natural and laboratory populations initially well adapted to their environment can evolve rapidly when conditions suddenly change, the dynamics of rapid adaptation are not well understood. Here a population genetic model of polygenic selection is analyzed to describe the short-term response of a quantitative trait after a sudden shift of the phenotypic optimum. We provide explicit analytical expressions for the timescales over which the trait mean approaches the new optimum. We find that when the effect sizes are small relative to a scaled mutation rate, small to moderate allele frequency changes occur in the short-term phase in a synergistic fashion. In contrast, selective sweeps, i.e., dramatic changes in the allele frequency, may occur provided the size of the effect is sufficiently large. Applications of our theoretical results to the relationship between QTL and selective sweep mapping and to tests of fast polygenic adaptation are discussed.
A Cre Transcription Fidelity Reporter Identifies GreA as a Major RNA Proofreading Factor in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bubunenko Mikhail G , Court Carolyn B , Rattray Alison J , Gotte Deanna R , Kireeva Maria L , Irizarry-Caro Jorge A , Li Xintian , Jin Ding J , Court Donald L , Strathern Jeffrey N , Kashlev Mikhail 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We made a coupled genetic reporter that detects rare transcription misincorporation errors to measure RNA polymerase transcription fidelity in Escherichia coli. Using this reporter, we demonstrated in vivo that the transcript cleavage factor GreA, but not GreB, is essential for proofreading of a transcription error where a riboA has been misincorporated instead of a riboG. A greA mutant strain had more than a 100-fold increase in transcription errors relative to wild-type or a greB mutant. However, overexpression of GreB in ΔgreA cells reduced the misincorporation errors to wild-type levels, demonstrating that GreB at high concentration could substitute for GreA in RNA proofreading activity in vivo.
F-Box Protein XREP-4 Is a New Regulator of the Oxidative Stress Response in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Wu Cheng-Wei , Wang Ying , Choe Keith P 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The transcription factor SKN-1 (Skinhead family member-1) in Caenorhabditis elegans is a homolog of the mammalian Nrf-2 protein and functions to promote oxidative stress resistance and longevity. SKN-1 mediates protection from reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the transcriptional activation of genes involved in antioxidant defense and phase II detoxification. Although many core regulators of SKN-1 have been identified, much remains unknown about this complex signaling pathway. We carried out an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis screen and isolated six independent mutants with attenuated SKN-1-dependent gene activation in response to acrylamide. All six were found to contain mutations in F46F11.6/xrep-4 (xenobiotics response pathways-4), which encodes an uncharacterized F-box protein. Loss of xrep-4 inhibits the skn-1-dependent expression of detoxification genes in response to prooxidants and decreases survival of oxidative stress, but does not shorten life span under standard culture conditions. XREP-4 interacts with the ubiquitin ligase component SKR-1 and the SKN-1 principal repressor WDR-23, and knockdown of xrep-4 increases nuclear localization of a WDR-23::GFP fusion protein. Furthermore, a missense mutation in the conserved XREP-4 F-box domain that reduces interaction with SKR-1 but not WDR-23 strongly attenuates SKN-1-dependent gene activation. These results are consistent with XREP-4 influencing the SKN-1 stress response by functioning as a bridge between WDR-23 and the ubiquitin ligase component SKR-1.
Optimasi Kondisi Pemisahan Glibenklamid Kombinasi Metformin dengan KCKT-SPE MIP Akrilamid
Authors: Hasanah Aliya Nur 
Published: March 2017

Telah dilakukan dan divalidasi metode analisis glibenklamid dalam plasma menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi fase terbalik dengan pretreatment menggunakan SPE C-18 dan SPE-MIP monomer akrilamid. 1 mL metanol dan 1 mL akuabides digunakan sebagai conditioning agent, 1 mL metanol 5% dalam akuabides digunakan sebagai washing agent, dan 1 mL asetonitril digunakan sebagai eluting agent. Hasil ekstraksi dianalisis menggunakan kolom C18 (Shimadzu) 150 x 4,6 mm, ukuran partkel 5 µm, fase gerak 55:45 v/v asetonitril dan triflouro acid 0,1% dengan kecepatan alir 1 mL/menit, deteksi dilakukan pada 227 nm dengan standar internal gliklazid. Metode analisis divalidasi berdasarkan parameter linieritas, presisi, akurasi, selektivitas/spesifisitas, Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ) dan kesesuaian sistem. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode analisis yang digunakan memiliki validitas sesuai dengan yang dipersyaratkan dan SPE-MIP monomer akrilamid memberikan hasil ekstrasi yang lebih optimal dibandingkan dengan SPE C-18.
Osteophytes removal in patella versus lateral facetectomy of the patella in patella-retaining total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Moghtadaei Mehdi , Sajadi Mohammad Reza Miniator , Farahini Hossein , Yeganeh Ali 
Published: March 2017

Background
In this study, the results of the partial lateral facetectomy of the patella to better patellofemoral motion and congruence are compared with the results of the osteophyte removal of the patella and neurectomy only in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods
Data from 55 patients undergoing TKA with osteophytes removal of the patella and neurectomy only, and those undergoing osteophytes removal of the patella and neurectomy and partial lateral facetectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by knee society score (KSS) and functional score of knee. Clinical anterior knee pain (AKP) rating and knee range of motion and extension lag were assessed for each patient.

Results
There was significant difference between two groups in AKP (p < 0.05), and the mean range of motion of the knee in groups 1 and 2 was 117° ± 9° and 116.6° ± 8.2°, respectively. Three (13%) patients of the reshaped patella group and three (11%) patients of the non-reshaped patella group had extension lag <10°, respectively. The mean KSS and knee functional scores showed no statistical difference between groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Partial lateral facetectomy of the patella can decrease AKP and can be used routinely for every patient that surgeon does not decide to resurface the patella.
Kidney remote ischemic preconditioning as a novel strategy to explore the accurate protective mechanisms underlying remote ischemic preconditioning
Authors: Tuorkey Muobarak J. 
Published: March 2017

Introduction
This study reports a novel strategy for investigating the key factors responsible for the protective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) against renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, which remains the leading cause of the acute kidney injury that increase the morbidity and mortality in patients with renal impairment.

Methods
The renal blood flow of the right kidneys in kidney remote ischemic preconditioning (KRIPC) group was occluded for 20 min. After 48 h, the renal blood flow of the left kidneys of both KRIPC and IPC groups was occluded for 30 min, and mice were dissected after 7 days of the last surgery. Blood samples were analyzed by an animal blood counter. The levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO), and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) were estimated in the plasma of mice. Kidney slices were stained with 2% triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to estimate the renal infarction.

Results
Unlike KRIPC group, data from IPC group revealed a massive reduction in neutrophils count, a significant increase in creatinine, urea nitrogen, and HDLs levels, and an increase in the renal infarction compared with control group.

Conclusion
This is the first study demonstrating KRIPC as a novel and applicable model with the goal of defining the accurate protective mechanisms underlying RIPC against IR injury.
EVALUACION DE LA ADOPCION DEL MARKETING DIGITAL EN LAS MICRO PYMES Y PYMES DE SERVICIOS DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Pabon Lancheros Leandro Alberto 
Published: March 2017

<p align="LEFT"> </p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">El propósito principal de este trabajo es evaluar la adopción de marketing digital en las Pymes de servicios de Colombia y la percepción de los resultados obtenidos de las herramientas digitales en actividades de mercadeo. Se ha realizado, en primera instancia, una revisión sistemática de literatura (Pérez-Rave, Álvarez-Jaramillo, &amp; Henao-Velásquez, 2012) en la base de datos científica Scopus; en segunda, una validación del instrumento por parte de dos jueces; y en tercera, una prueba piloto del instrumento. Se prevé para la validación empírica un método de investigación descriptivo, no experimental, con un muestreo no probabilístico a partir base de datos de las Micro Pymes y Pymes de Servicios. El instrumento que se utilizará, será cuantitativo con la técnica de encuesta, a través de un cuestionario estructurado con ítems extraídos de las tres variables identificadas en la literatura: Conocimiento del Marketing Digital, Implementación del Marketing Digital y Precepción de resultados obtenidos. </span></p>