bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utopian Studies in Spain
Authors: Russell Elizabeth 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Although the terms utopia and utopian are used in Spain, they are commonly understood as imaginary representations that are impossible to realize. Nevertheless, because of the political and financial crises that have affected all corners of the globe, utopia is now thriving in the media. It is especially linked to street protests, alternative movements, and Internet organizations that mobilize individuals and communities through consciousness-raising activities. This article very briefly outlines the “utopian” in Spain and attempts to offer an updated picture of utopian studies research groups in the country.
Thomas More in America
Authors: Magid Annette M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Sir Thomas More's Utopia strongly influenced the formation of American ideology, which is an amalgam of American utopian theories and utopic European philosophies such as those brought to America by groups as well as individuals escaping the tyranny of philosophical, and at times physical, abuse. In addition, the founding laws established to govern the people in the United States seem to be strongly rooted in the theories presented in More's Utopia. References to the influence of More's Utopia on American literature are also included. This article deals with the circulation of utopian ideals in America and looks at the American translations of More's masterpiece. It further offers a selected list of studies on Utopia.
Controversial More and Puzzling Utopia: Five Hundred Years of History
Authors: Phélippeau Marie-Claire 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
This article intends to briefly review five hundred years of historiography of the reception of the figure of Thomas More and of his Utopia. It will highlight the perception of More, from a humanist and statesman to a controversial religious emblem. At times understood as the father of socialism, and at others, a persecutor of religious liberties, More has fared diversely through the five centuries that separate us from him. His Utopia, while being usually linked to the persona More, has also led its own life and been used and misused according to the needs of every century. The article will propose a chronological review of Thomas More and Utopia to better show the evolution of the receptions, all the while asserting that this sketchy presentation would need to be developed and qualified in a book-length study.
Parameter Estimation of Shared Frailty Models Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Esra Askin Oykum , Inan Deniz , Hakan Buyuklu Ali 
Published: December 2016

Standard survival techniques such as proportional hazards model are suffering from the unobserved heterogeneity. Frailty models provide an alternative way in order to account for heterogeneity caused by unobservable risk factors. Although vast studies have been done on estimation procedures, Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) haven't received much attention in frailty studies. In this paper, we investigate the estimation performance of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) via Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in modelling multivariate survival data with shared gamma frailty. Simulation studies and real data application are performed in order to assess the performance of MLE via PSO, quasi-Newton and conjugate gradient method.
Rechercheren een vorm van street-level bureaucracy?
Authors: Soudijn Melvin 
Published: December 2016

Investigating a form of street-level bureaucracy?
Academic researchers in the Netherlands working on organized crime often make use of police files. This produces a lot of knowledge and helps building and testing theories about organized crime. However, it is also known that police files have their limitations. This article uses the concept of ‘street-level bureaucracy’ to explain some of these limitations. For instance, routines and biases can influence the way an investigation is conducted, i.e. avoiding or not following up certain lines of enquiry. Researchers who make use of case file analysis should therefore keep in mind the extent to which an investigation team functioned as a street-level bureaucracy.
Mediale verbeelding en politiecultuur
Authors: Kleijer-Kool Lianne , Janssen Janine 
Published: December 2016

Police culture and representation in the media
In the traditional understanding of police culture as well as in the criticism against the use of the concept of ‘police culture’, not much attention has been paid towards the influence of the representation of police work and crime in the media. Although since the pioneering studies in the sixties and seventies of the last century it has been made clear that police work is not limited to dealing with crime and criminal justice, the mass media for decades have presented a completely different image: one of thrill seeking and hardcore action. Police officers themselves tend to ‘sensationalize’ their work. Police culture is no longer understood as a deterministic coping mechanism, but is rooted in active and constructive participation of police officers. As a consequence we must pay attention to representation of ‘the police’ by the media and ask ourselves how identity work by police officers is influenced by the representation of crime and the police in the (new) media.
ORIGIN OF THE THERAPEUTIC WATER IN JURASSIC FORMATIONS OF THE BUSKO-ZDRÓJ AND SOLEC-ZDRÓJ AREA
Authors: CHOWANIEC Józef , Gągulski Tomasz , Gorczyca Grażyna 
Published: December 2016

The study of the chemical and isotopic composition of the Upper Jurassic aquifer in the Busko-Zdrój and Solec-Zdrój
region suggests primary nature of the brines supplied before the Pleistocene under climate conditions characterized by long and much warmer periods than today. Compared to the sulphide healing waters occurring in the Cretaceous formations, mainly of Cenomanian age, the discussed brines and salt water are characterized by a far heavier isotopic composition as well as by the values of hydrochemical indicators mostly similar to those of marine waters.
O úlohe metafyziky pri odôvodňovaní ľudských práv
Authors: Káčer Marek 
Published: December 2016

Pri odôvodňovaní ľudských práv sa v zásade operuje s dvoma typmi dôvodov: s faktami a s metafyzikou. Proti prvému typu zdôvodnenia sa tradične uvádza Humova téza, podľa ktorej zo súboru výlučne faktických premís nemožno odvodiť normatívny záver. Proti druhému typu zdôvodnenia sa tradične uvádza, že ide o číru špekuláciu, ktorá nie je spôsobilá slúžiť ako podklad pre konsenzus v pluralitných spoločnostiach. V tomto texte sa pokúsim vymeniť terče, na ktoré tieto námietky zvyčajne mieria: námietku špekulatívnosti vznesiem proti odôvodneniu ľudských práv faktickými premisami a súčasne Humovu tézu vznesiem proti odôvodneniu ľudských práv metafyzickými premisami. Mojím záverom je, že ľudské práva, rovnako ako ktorékoľvek iné normy, možno odvodiť iba z normatívnych premís bez ohľadu na to, či tieto majú metafyzickú povahu.
Demokratický právní stát tesaný do pískovce
Authors: Preuss Ondřej 
Published: December 2016

Článek usiluje o zpřehlednění některých základních pojmů ústavní teorie. Konkrétně jde zejména o pojmy materiálního jádra či ohniska ústavy, nezměnitelných či „věčných“ ustanovení a podstatných náležitostí demokratického právního státu. Článek vychází z nejnovějších poznatků české ústavní teorie. Podle názoru autora článku jsou výše uvedené pojmy svou povahou odlišné a nelze je užívat pro označení téhož. V praxi se však často překrývají a splývají. Jejich přesnější vymezení nám tak umožní jejich snadnější praktické užití.
RAI1 Alternate Probe Identifies Additional Breast Cancer Cases as Amplified Following Equivocal HER2 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Testing: Experience From a National Reference Laboratory
Authors: Hui Ling , Geiersbach Katherine B. , Downs-Kelly Erinn , Gulbahce H. Evin 
Published: December 2016

Context.—In 2013 the American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists updated the HER2 guidelines and changed the equivocal category for HER2 in situ hybridization testing to an average HER2 copy number of 4.0 to 5.9 with a HER2:CEP17 ratio of less than 2.0 and proposed retesting, with an option of using another control probe to avoid false-negative results. RAI1, located at band position 17p11.2, is a popular alternate probe locus for retesting equivocal changes.
Objective.—To review experience with the RAI1 alternate probe in HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization equivocal breast cancers.
Design.—Primary and metastatic breast cancers with equivocal HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization, retested with an alternate (RAI1) probe, were identified. HER2, RAI1, and CEP17 copy numbers, HER2 to control probe ratios, and genetic heterogeneity were recorded. Hematoxylin-eosin–stained slides were reviewed for type and grade of cancer.
Results.—Of 876 cases tested with CEP17 as the reference probe, 97 (11.1%) had equivocal HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization results. Additional testing with the RAI1 probe classified 39.2% cases (38 of 97) as amplified with a HER2:RAI1 ratio ranging from 2.0 to 3.2 (mean, 2.37); 3.1% (3 of 97) were still unclassifiable because of a deletion of RAI1.
Conclusions.—RAI1 identified close to 40% of original HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization equivocal cases as amplified, making these patients eligible for targeted therapies. It is not known whether guidelines for US Food and Drug Administration–approved probes can be extrapolated to alternate probes when an alternate control probe shows losses or gains. Because of the lack of guidelines for reporting HER2 status with alternate probes, laboratories face challenges in interpreting results.
« À chacun son tour de service »
Authors: Hervé Caroline 
Published: December 2016

Cet article présente une analyse quantitative et qualitative de la vie municipale au Nunavik au cours de la période 1979-2014. La collecte des noms des élus municipaux des trente-cinq dernières années dans les quatorze villages du Nunavik a permis de dresser leur profil statistique. Quatre principaux éléments sont analysés : la représentation féminine, la longueur des mandats, le poids des groupes familiaux et l’âge des élus. Il en ressort que l’investissement dans la vie municipale constitue plutôt une responsabilité collective qu’individuelle. Les principales familles étendues des villages assurent une présence continue de leur groupe au sein du conseil municipal en élisant à tour de rôle ceux de leurs membres qui détiennent les savoirs nécessaires à la gouverne municipale. L’investissement dans la vie municipale constitue ainsi un don, de la part de certains individus expérimentés, au groupe auquel ils appartiennent. La constante pression qu’exerce la communauté sur les élus municipaux leur rappelle que leur fonction n’est pas tant de diriger ceux qu’ils représentent que de les servir.
Le remboursement par anticipation d’un prêt hypothécaire par un consommateur : enjeux et perspectives de réforme
Authors: Lacoursière Marc , Levesque Frédéric 
Published: December 2016

Dans la société de consommation actuelle, le consommateur cherche habituellement à augmenter son crédit. Conformément à la maxime « Qui paie ses dettes s’enrichit », certains consommateurs préfèrent rembourser plus rapidement leur passif, particulièrement le solde du prêt hypothécaire qui grève leur résidence. Le plus souvent, le consommateur ne voudra pas rembourser son prêt hypothécaire par anticipation, mais changer d’institution prêteuse pour bénéficier de conditions de paiement plus avantageuses. L’exemple le plus fréquent est l’obtention d’un meilleur taux d’intérêt. Même si un consommateur possède les fonds nécessaires, il n’est pas simple pour lui de rembourser plus rapidement le prêt hypothécaire qui grève sa résidence ou de changer d’institution financière. En effet, les règles de droit applicables sont éparpillées à plusieurs endroits (Code civil du Québec ; Loi sur la protection du consommateur, droit fédéral ; contrat bancaire) et leur portée n’est pas claire. Dans un premier temps, les auteurs tracent un portait du droit positif en vigueur, dans une perspective constitutionnelle, civiliste et bancaire. Les lacunes de l’encadrement juridique émergeront par elles-mêmes. Dans un second temps, les auteurs proposent des pistes de réflexion et de solution dans une perspective de réforme.
Entreprises et responsabilité sociale : évolution ou révolution du droit canadien des affaires ?
Authors: Tchotourian Ivan , Deshaye Valérie , Mac Farlane-Drouin Romy 
Published: December 2016

La responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE) gagne du terrain au Canada, comme le démontre le sujet des entreprises multinationales, notamment celles qui travaillent dans le domaine extractif. Le Canada a adopté en novembre 2014 une nouvelle stratégie de promotion de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises pour les sociétés extractives canadiennes présentes à l’étranger. Si le cadre législatif se montre à l’heure actuelle peu contraignant, il n’en demeure pas moins qu’il a connu quelques réformes récentes cherchant, au bout du compte, à donner à la RSE une place plus importante dans la sphère économique. Dans le même sens, la jurisprudence canadienne semble également faire bouger ses pions sur l’échiquier en tentant d’imposer aux sociétés mères une responsabilité plus grande, tout en facilitant l’accès des victimes aux recours judiciaires. Au final, le droit canadien des affaires est dans un continuum réglementaire caractérisé par une série d’évolutions (d’une force normative variable) qui renforcent la responsabilité de ces dernières.
La dénonciation, la rétribution et la dissuasion : repenser trois obstacles à l’évolution du droit criminel moderne
Authors: Dubé Richard , Labonté Sébastien 
Published: December 2016

Dans leur article, les auteurs s’appuient sur les thèses d’Alvaro P. Pires pour problématiser trois des principaux obstacles à l’évolution du droit criminel moderne, soit ceux qui découlent respectivement de la dénonciation, de la rétribution et de la dissuasion. Ils proposent de revenir aux théories qui fondent ces objectifs punitifs et de rendre plus visible toute la contingence qui entoure historiquement les choix philosophiques ayant favorisé, pour chacun de ces cas, une conception essentiellement négative, afflictive et souvent « carcéralisante » du droit de punir. Ce retour aux « sources » a ultimement pour objet de mettre en évidence des possibilités de reconstruction aujourd’hui plus positives, moins hostiles et plus sensibles à la préservation des liens sociaux. De telles déconstructions-reconstructions sont ici conçues comme relevant d’opérations fondamentales pour l’avènement d’un droit criminel plus « responsif », capable d’apprentissage et d’autocorrection dans son rapport au crime et à la peine.
Narrowing of antiferromagnetic domain wall in corundum-type Cr2O3 by lattice strain
Authors: Kota Yohei , Imamura Hiroshi 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The effect of lattice strain on single-ion magnetic anisotropy and antiferromagnetic domain wall width in corundum-type Cr2O3 is studied using first-principles calculations and micromagnetics simulations. Without lattice strain, the domain wall width L
DW is about 80 nm. When the lattice constant a is increased by 1–2%, L
DW is reduced to less than 20 nm due to the increase in the single-ion anisotropy constant K
1 to on the order of 106 erg/cm3.
Modeling of a stacked-screen regenerator in an oscillatory flow
Authors: Hsu Shu Han , Biwa Tetsushi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we model tortuous flow channels of a stacked-screen regenerator as a bundle of cylindrical tubes to analyze and design thermoacoustic Stirling engines. The oscillatory flow resistance of stacked-screen regenerators is measured and compared with those obtained using empirical equations to verify the applicability of those empirical equations to oscillating flows of pressurized Ar and He gases. It is then converted to an effective radius parameterized byRehandr0/δν, whereRehrepresents the Reynolds number based on velocity oscillation amplitude,r0is Ueda’s effective radius (, wheredhis the hydraulic diameter andDis the mesh wire diameter), and δνdenotes the viscous penetration depth. The applicability of the proposed effective radius is demonstrated experimentally when the axial temperature gradient is imposed on the regenerator.
Atmospheric-pressure plasma activation and surface characterization on polyethylene membrane separator
Authors: Tseng Yu-Chien , Li Hsiao-Ling , Huang Chun 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The surface hydrophilic activation of a polyethylene membrane separator was achieved using an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet. The surface of the atmospheric-pressure-plasma-treated membrane separator was found to be highly hydrophilic realized by adjusting the plasma power input. The variations in membrane separator chemical structure were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Chemical analysis showed newly formed carbonyl-containing groups and high surface concentrations of oxygen-containing species on the atmospheric-pressure-plasma-treated polymeric separator surface. It also showed that surface hydrophilicity primarily increased from the polar component after atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment. The surface and pore structures of the polyethylene membrane separator were examined by scanning electron microscopy, revealing a slight alteration in the pore structure. As a result of the incorporation of polar functionalities by atmospheric-pressure plasma activation, the electrolyte uptake and electrochemical impedance of the atmospheric-pressure-plasma-treated membrane separator improved. The investigational results show that the separator surface can be controlled by atmospheric-pressure plasma surface treatment to tailor the hydrophilicity and enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries.
Species interactions in an Andean bird–flowering plant network: phenology is more important than abundance or morphology
Authors: Gonzalez Oscar , Loiselle Bette A. 
Published: December 2016

Biological constraints and neutral processes have been proposed to explain the properties of plant–pollinator networks. Using interactions between nectarivorous birds (hummingbirds and flowerpiercers) and flowering plants in high elevation forests (i.e., “elfin” forests) of the Andes, we explore the importance of biological constraints and neutral processes (random interactions) to explain the observed species interactions and network metrics, such as connectance, specialization, nestedness and asymmetry. In cold environments of elfin forests, which are located at the top of the tropical montane forest zone, many plants are adapted for pollination by birds, making this an ideal system to study plant–pollinator networks. To build the network of interactions between birds and plants, we used direct field observations. We measured abundance of birds using mist-nets and flower abundance using transects, and phenology by scoring presence of birds and flowers over time. We compared the length of birds’ bills to flower length to identify “forbidden interactions”—those interactions that could not result in legitimate floral visits based on mis-match in morphology.Diglossaflowerpiercers, which are characterized as “illegitimate” flower visitors, were relatively abundant. We found that the elfin forest network was nested with phenology being the factor that best explained interaction frequencies and nestedness, providing support for biological constraints hypothesis. We did not find morphological constraints to be important in explaining observed interaction frequencies and network metrics. Other network metrics (connectance, evenness and asymmetry), however, were better predicted by abundance (neutral process) models. Flowerpiercers, which cut holes and access flowers at their base and, consequently, facilitate nectar access for other hummingbirds, explain why morphological mis-matches were relatively unimportant in this system. Future work should focus on how changes in abundance and phenology, likely results of climate change and habitat fragmentation, and the role of nectar robbers impact ecological and evolutionary dynamics of plant–pollinator (or flower-visitor) interactions.
Age-congruency and contact effects in body expression recognition from point-light displays (PLD)
Authors: Pollux Petra M.J. , Hermens Frouke , Willmott Alexander P. 
Published: December 2016

Recognition of older people’s body expressions is a crucial social skill. We here investigate how age, not just of the observer, but also of the observed individual, affects this skill. Age may influence the ability to recognize other people’s body expressions by changes in one’s own ability to perform certain action over the life-span (i.e., an own-age bias may occur, with best recognition for one’s own age). Whole body point light displays of children, young adults and older adults (>70 years) expressing six different emotions were presented to observers of the same three age-groups. Across two variations of the paradigm, no evidence for the predicted own-age bias (a cross-over interaction between one’s own age and the observed person’s age) was found. Instead, experience effects were found with children better recognizing older actors’ expressions of ‘active emotions,’ such as anger and happiness with greater exposure in daily life. Together, the findings suggest that age-related changes in one own’s mobility only influences body expression categorization in young children who interact frequently with older adults.
MAVEN observations of a giant ionospheric flux rope near Mars resulting from interaction between the crustal and interplanetary draped magnetic fields
Authors: Hara Takuya , Brain David A. , Mitchell David L. , Luhmann Janet G. , Seki Kanako , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Mcfadden James P. , Halekas Jasper S. , Espley Jared R. , Harada Yuki , Livi Roberto , DiBraccio Gina A. , Connerney John E. P. , Mazelle Christian , Andersson Laila , Jakosky Bruce M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe present Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations of a giant magnetic flux rope in the Martian dayside ionosphere. The flux rope was observed at an altitude of <300 km, downstream from strong subsolar crustal magnetic fields. The peak field amplitude was ∼200 nT, resulting in the largest difference between the observed magnetic field strength and a model for crustal magnetic fields of the entire MAVEN primary science phase. MAVEN detected planetary ions, including H+, O+, and
, across the structure. The axial orientation estimated for the flux rope indicates that it likely formed as a result of interactions between the local crustal and overlaid draped interplanetary magnetic fields. Pitch angle distributions of ionospheric photoelectrons imply that this structure is connected to the Martian upper atmosphere. However, the flux rope is not present in observations at the next commensurable orbit crossing (approximately two Martian days later), implying that it eventually detaches from the atmosphere and is carried downstream. The flux rope observations occurred during an interplanetary coronal mass ejection event at Mars, suggesting that the disturbed upstream state played a role in allowing the interplanetary magnetic field to penetrate deeper into the Martian ionosphere than is typical, allowing the formation of the flux rope.