bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of soil erosion rates in the southern half of the Russian Plain: methodology and initial results
Authors: Golosov Valentin , Gusarov Artem , Litvin Leonid , Yermolaev Oleg , Chizhikova Nelly , Safina Guzel , Kiryukhina Zoya 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The Russian Plain (RP) is divided into two principally different parts. The northern half of the RP is a predominantly forested area with a low proportion of arable fields. In contrast, the southern half of the RP has a very high proportion of arable land. During the last 30 years, this agricultural region of the RP has experienced considerable land use transformation and changes in precipitation due to climate change have altered soil erosion rates. This paper describes the use of erosion model calculations and GIS spatial analytical methods for the evaluation of trends in erosion rates in the RP. Climate change (RIHMI World Data Center, 2016), land use transformation and crop rotation modification (Rosstat, 2016; R Core Team, 2016) are the main factors governing erosion rates in the region during recent decades. It was determined that mean annual erosion rates have decreased from 7.3 to 4.1 t ha−1 yr−1 in the forest zone mostly because of the serious reduction in the surface runoff coefficient for periods of snowmelt. At the same time, the erosion rates have increased from 3.9 to 4.6 t ha−1 yr−1 in the steppe zone due to the increasing frequency of heavy rain-storms.
The potential for gamma-emitting radionuclides to contribute to an understanding of erosion processes in South Africa
Authors: Foster Ian D. L. , Boardman John , Collins Adrian L. , Copeland-Phillips Ruth , Kuhn Nikolaus J. , Mighall Tim M. , Pulley Simon , Rowntree Kate M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Several research projects undertaken by the authors and others over the last 14 years have used fallout and geogenic radionuclides for understanding erosion processes and sediment yield dynamics in South Africa over the last 100–200 years as European settlers colonised the interior plains and plateaux of the country and imported new livestock and farming techniques to the region. These projects have used two fallout radionuclides (210Pb and 137Cs) to date sediments accumulating in reservoirs, farm dams, wetlands, alluvial fans and floodouts and have used other fallout nuclides (7Be) and long-lived geogenic radionuclides (e.g. 40K, 235U) as part of a composite fingerprint exploring contemporary sediment sources and changes to sources through time. While successful in many parts of the world, applying these techniques in Southern Africa has posed a number of challenges often not encountered elsewhere. Here we explore some of the benefits and challenges in using gamma-emitting radionuclides, especially 137Cs, in these landscapes. Benefits include the potential for discriminating gully sidewall from topsoil sources, which has helped to identify contemporary gully systems as sediment conduits, rather than sources, and for providing a time-synchronous marker horizon in a range of sedimentary environments that has helped to develop robust chronologies. Challenges include the spatial variability in soil cover on steep rocky hillslopes, which is likely to challenge assumptions about the uniformity of initial fallout nuclide distribution, the paucity of stable (non-eroding) sites in order to estimate atmospheric fallout inventories, and the limited success of 210Pb dating in some rapidly accumulating high altitude catchments where sediments often comprise significant amounts of sand and gravel. Despite these challenges we present evidence suggesting that the use of gamma-emitting radionuclides can make a significant contribution to our understanding of erosion processes and sediment yield dynamics. Future research highlighted in the conclusion will try to address current challenges and outline new projects established to address them more fully.
Optic Nerve Head in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion by Spectral-Domain OCT
Authors: Longo Antonio , Avitabile Teresio , Uva Maurizio G. , Bonfiglio Vincenza , Russo Andrea , Toro Mario D. , Gagliano Caterina , Fallico Matteo , Reibaldi Michele 
Published: March 2017

Purpose To evaluate the morphology of optic nerve head by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with unilateral central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Methods In 39 consecutive patients with unilateral CRVO and 39 healthy controls, morphologic parameters of optic nerve head were assessed in both eyes by Spectralis SD-OCT using a custom radial B-scan pattern. The length of Bruch membrane opening (BMO) was measured in OCT scans, and optic disc diameters (DD) were assessed in infrared fundus photographs. Axial length was determined by IOLMaster. Results The BMO length was measured in all eyes with CRVO, while DD was not assessed in 9 eyes (27.3%) that had undefined disc margins. Compared to healthy controls (mean BMO length 1,511 ± 79 μm, mean disc diameter 1,521 ± 77 μm), in eyes with CRVO with defined disc margins (n = 28 [71.8%]), no significant difference was found in BMO length and DD (1,473 ± 118 μm and 1,516 ± 104 μm, respectively). Eyes with CRVO with undefined disc margins had lower BMO length (1,289 ± 61 μm [-14.7%], p = 0.001); also, in fellow eyes, these patients had lower BMO length and DD. In all groups, no significant difference was seen between BMO and DD. A correlation was found between axial length and BMO length and disc diameter (both p<0.001) Conclusions Most of the eyes with CRVO had normal optic disc diameter, but about 25% of patients with CRVO have reduced optic disc dimensions.
Endometriosis Psychological Aspects: A Literature Review
Authors: Chaman-Ara Kefayat , Bahrami Mohammad Amin , Bahrami Elham 
Published: March 2017

Introduction Current evidence suggests that endometriosis imposes a considerable psychological burden on the affected women. This study was aimed to review this evidence. Methods A comprehensive electronic search was performed in Science direct, Medline/ PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Clinical Trials, Scopus, Google scholar, Magiran and SID (Scientific Information Database) up to December, 15, 2016. Methodological quality of retrieved studies was assessed using a valid checklist. The main findings with regard to the objective of this review are extracted and summarized in tables. Results A total of 24 studies were included in the review from which, 23 used quantitative method and 1 used qualitative. Key findings of all studies showed that endometriosis reduces various aspects of psychological well-being. Conclusions Psychological interventions ranging from screening, providing consultation to psychiatric treatment prescriptions as same as the social supports such as work incentives should be integrated to endometriosis management protocols.
Geographical Variability of Drought in Northern South Africa
Authors: Kabanda Tibangayuka A 
Published: March 2017

This study focuses on the geographical variation of drought in northern South Africa (hereafter NSA). It assesses seasonal rainfall characteristics to determine drought occurrence and persistence in NSA. Seasonal rainfall data for the period 1960-2009 is used and was obtained from the South Africa Weather Service (SAWS). Rainfall stations in NSA are well distributed, forming a dense network of point-source data samples. Standardised Precipitation Indices (SPIs) are employed to detect drought occurrence and intensity at different locations. Analysis of SPIs with respect to time suggests that the severity of drought results from the accumulation of consecutive dry spells within a rainfall season and sometimes even consecutive dry rainfall seasons. It also shows the intensity and frequency of drought has increased in recent years. The trend towards worsening drought conditions has significant socioeconomic implications for the region and other areas with similar geographical settings.
Electric‐Thermal Dual‐Responsive HASEL Actuator for Solid–Liquid Bi‐Stabilized Smart Switching
Authors: Wang Haoqi , Jiang Hao , Li Yijun , Zhang Chuhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHydraulically amplified self‐healing electrostatic (HASEL) actuators generally consisting of dielectric elastomer (DE) and transformer oil have garnered interest in the realm of soft actuators. However, existing DE can hardly reconcile contradictions between high dielectric constants and low modulus, while traditional transformer oil demands a continuous power supply to sustain strain. Herein, by incorporating liquid metal (LM) featuring high dielectric constant and low modulus, with poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) bearing low phase change temperature, a new concept of electric‐thermal dual‐responsive HASEL actuator is first proposed for solid–liquid bi‐stabilized smart switching. It is not only able to simultaneously deliver a tripled dielectric constant of DE from 3.1 to 9.7 (at 1 kHz) and a low modulus (0.12–0.15 MPa), thus achieving a strain of 9% and a specific power of 64.8 W kg−1; but also, PCL replaces the transformer oil, acting as a “temperature switch” for the HASEL actuator, i.e., when PCL solidifies, the HASEL actuator stabilizes the deformation, allowing it to continue working even without power supply. Exemplified by valve, the as‐prepared dual‐responsive HASEL actuator can independently control the flow rate of each valve unit. This electric‐thermal dual‐responsive HASEL actuator introduces an innovative strategy for developing the next generation of multifunctional smart switching.
Underwater Non‐Contact and Ultra‐Fast Adaptive Self‐Healing Elastomers Based on Programmable Dissociation of Dynamic Bonds
Authors: Lai Jialiang , Xie Miao , Zhao Qifan , Zhang Chun , Wang Zhanhua , Xia Hesheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMost of the reported self‐healing materials focus on the structure and function recovery, the influence of the damage degree on the self‐healing process has been rarely studied. In this study, an elastomer with an adaptive self‐healing function is developed based on programmable dissociation of dynamic urea bonds. The stored entropy and reversible hydrogen bonding enable the elastomer with room‐temperature self‐healing performance as the scratch depth is less than 100 µm. Thermal treatment at 75 °C is capable of inducing the cleavage of secondary urea bonds, which accelerate the dissociation of the network, leading to the repair of the middle‐size damage. Continuous increasing the temperature to 120 °C enables the dissociation of primary urea bonds, which causes further dissociation of the network, resulting in the repair of large‐scale damage. This damage‐adaptive self‐healing performance can be well maintained in an aqueous environment, and obvious improvement in the healing rate is achieved due to the water‐accelerated dissociation of urea bonds. The underwater self‐healing rate is more than 360 times faster than that in the air. Incorporation of carbon nanotubes into the network enables remote self‐healing function due to the photo‐thermal transition after irradiated by NIR light, displaying great potential in underwater gas or liquid transportation.
Super‐Sensitive Multi‐Modal Optical Manometer Based on Huge Pressure‐Induced Spectral Red‐Shift and Broadening of Mn2+ Emission Band in Green‐Emitting Zn2GeO4 Phosphors
Authors: Xue Junpeng , Runowski Marcin , Soler‐Carracedo Kevin , Woźny Przemysław , Muñoz Alfonso , Luo Laihui , Chen Kun , Huang Yanping , Lavín Víctor , Du Peng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo overcome the small sensitivities of luminescent manometers, Mn2+‐activated Zn2GeO4 green‐emitting phosphors with admirable manometric characteristics are synthesized. The structural stability of the studied samples is theoretically and experimentally investigated. Moreover, as pressure elevates, a huge spectral red‐shift and a broadening of the emission band are observed in studied samples, contributing to color‐tunable luminescence, i.e., from green to yellow, and ultimately to orange–red. Specifically, when pressure increases to 6.76 GPa, the emission band centroid shifts from 535.9 to 634.9 nm, leading to a superior sensitivity of dλ/dp = 21.3 nm/GPa. Whereas, in the same operating pressure range, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission band rises from 32.3 to 102.9 nm, resulting in unprecedentedly high sensitivity of dFWHM/dp = 17.0 nm/GPa. Furthermore, through analyzing the pressure‐dependent color coordinates, a maximum sensitivity of 29.43% GPa−1 is achieved, when x‐coordinate is adopted. Additionally, the applicability of the developed manometer is confirmed by a simple uniaxial pressure experiments to showcase its practical use in industrial and daily‐life purposes. Notably, the designed sensor exhibits the highest pressure sensitivities reported to date in different modes, namely, emission band centroid, FWHM and color coordinate, making supersensitive multimodal optical manometry a reality.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Cascade Bicyclization of 2‐Indolylmethanols with α‐(2‐Indolyl) Propargylic Alcohols to Access Chiral Fluorescent Hexacyclic Bisindoles
Authors: Rui Kanghua , Wu Yinong , Lin Xufeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA cascade regioselective 1,8‐addition/biscyclization of 2‐indolylmethanols with α‐(2‐indolyl) propargylic alcohols has been developed via chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalysis. A series of chiral cyclopenta[4,5]pyrrolo biindoles bearing a quaternary stereogenic center were obtained in modest to good yields (72–95%) with high enantioselectivities (82–94%). Additionally, the photophysical properties of these hexacyclic bisindoles are examined, revealing bright fluorescence with high quantum yields.
Fluorescence Label‐Free Doxorubicin Sensor Using Polystyrene Sulfonate as a Synthetic Receptor in Whispering Gallery Mode Microresonators
Authors: Maurina Elena , Domac Algı , Olszyna Mateusz , Dähne Lars , Barillaro Giuseppe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe conventional quantification of Doxorubicin (DXR), a crucial anticancer drug, typically relies on complex and expensive techniques, limiting measurements beyond hospital settings and at different time intervals. Here, a label‐free fluorescence sensor is presented for DXR utilizing Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) resonators. The resonators are based on fluorescent microparticles coated with a nanometer‐thick polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) layer serving as a synthetic receptor. The sensor demonstrates linear response for both position and width of the resonance peaks within the concentration range of 1–10 µg mL−1 of DXR of clinical interest. It also exhibits good selectivity against other chemotherapy drugs and can operate in complex biological fluids. The findings underscore the potential of WGM resonators as versatile multiparameter sensors for the sensitive and selective detection of small molecules, also in complex biological media.
A Dual‐Adjuvanted Parenteral‐Intranasal Subunit Nanovaccine generates Robust Systemic and Mucosal Immunity Against SARS‐CoV‐2 in Mice
Authors: Pandey Bhawana , Wang Zhengying , Jimenez Angela , Bhatia Eshant , Jain Ritika , Beach Alexander , Maniar Drishti , Hosten Justin , O'Farrell Laura , Vantucci Casey , Hur David , Noel Richard , Ringquist Rachel , Smith Clinton , Ochoa Miguel A. , Roy Krishnendu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExisting parenteral SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines produce only limited mucosal responses, essential for reducing transmission and achieving sterilizing immunity. Appropriately designed mucosal boosters can overcome the shortcomings of parenteral vaccines and enhance pre‐existing systemic immunity. Here, a new protein subunit nanovaccine is developed by utilizing dual‐adjuvanted (RIG‐I: PUUC RNA and TLR‐9: CpG DNA) polysaccharide‐amino acid‐lipid nanoparticles (PAL‐NPs) along with SARS‐CoV‐2 S1 trimer protein, that can be delivered both intramuscularly (IM) and intranasally (IN) to generate balanced mucosal‐systemic SARS‐CoV‐2 immunity. Mice receiving IM‐Prime PUUC+CpG PAL subunit nanovaccine, followed by an IN‐Boost, developed high levels of IgA, IgG, and cellular immunity in the lungs and showed robust systemic humoral immunity. Interestingly, as a purely intranasal subunit vaccine (IN‐Prime/IN‐Boost), PUUC+CpG PAL‐NPs induced stronger lung‐specific T cell immunity than IM‐Prime/IN‐Boost, and a comparable IgA and neutralizing antibodies, although with a lower systemic antibody response, indicating that a fully mucosal delivery route for SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination may also be feasible. The data suggest that PUUC+CpG PAL subunit nanovaccine is a promising candidate for generating SARS‐CoV‐2 specific mucosal immunity.
C‐CAR066, a novel fully human anti‐CD20 CAR‐T therapy for relapsed or refractory large B‐cell lymphoma after failure of anti‐CD19 CAR‐T therapy: A phase I clinical study
Authors: Li Ping , Liu Wei , Zhou Lili , Ye Shiguang , Zhu Dan , Huang Jiaqi , Li Jing , Zheng Chengxiao , Zhu Shigui , Yao Xin , Zhu Kevin , Yao Yihong , Qiu Lugui , Liang Aibin , Zou Dehui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractManaging large B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL) that is refractory to or relapsed after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T therapy remains a significant challenge. Here we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of C‐CAR066, an autologous fully human anti‐CD20 specific CAR‐T, for relapsed/refractory LBCL after failure of anti‐CD19 CAR‐T therapy. This first‐in‐human, single‐arm, phase 1 study was conducted at two sites in China. Eligible patients had to be histologically confirmed with CD20‐positive LBCL and must have received prior anti‐CD19 CAR‐T therapy. Patients received a single intravenous infusion of C‐CAR066 at a target dose of 2.0 × 106 or 3.0 × 106 CAR‐T cells/kg. The primary endpoint was the incidence of adverse events (AEs). As of October 10, 2023, 14 patients had received C‐CAR066. The most common AEs of Grade 3 or higher were hematological toxicities. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 12 (85.7%) patients, with only one was Grade 4 event. No patient experienced immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome events. The overall response rate was 92.9% with a complete response rate of 57.1%. With a median follow‐up of 27.7 months (range, 3.3–40.9), the median progression‐free survival and overall survival were 9.4 months (95% CI, 2.0 to NA) and 34.8 months (95% CI, 7.5 to NA), respectively. C‐CAR066 demonstrated a manageable safety profile and promising efficacy in patients in whom prior anti‐CD19 CAR‐T therapies had failed, providing a promising treatment option for those patients. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04316624 and NCT04036019.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents From Southwest Colombia: Association Patterns Considering Adiposity
Authors: Agredo‐Zuñiga Ricardo Antonio , Parra Diana C. , Ortega‐Ávila José Guillermo , Suarez‐Ortegon Milton Fabian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLittle is known about the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)‐cardiometabolic risk relationship in Latin American pediatric populations across different age/sex groups, especially when considering the potential effects of adiposity on the association. We evaluated cross‐sectional associations between VO2max and cardiometabolic risk variables (CMRV), and verified whether the associations were independent of adiposity markers in school‐aged children and adolescents from Cali, Colombia.MethodsThe sample consisted of 1206 children aged 5–17 years. CMRV were fasting glucose, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic, and diastolic pressure. Logistic regressions were conducted for associations of age/sex‐specific tertiles of VO2max with age/sex‐specific highest tertiles of CMRV (except HDL‐C, lowest tertile) and a CMR cluster (> 2 CMRV in extreme tertiles), adjusting for socioeconomic stratum, and adiposity markers (BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference).ResultsOverweight/obesity ranged from 15% to 18% with no difference by sex. In children aged 5–11 years, high VO2max (highest tertile vs. lowest) was inversely associated with the CMR cluster [Odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.18 (0.06–0.47), p < 0.05] independently of adjustment for any adiposity marker in boys but not in girls. In the age group of 12–17 years, there were initially significant VO2max‐ CMR cluster and VO2max‐ CMRV associations but attenuated by adiposity adjustment. In girls, high VO2max was inversely associated with high systolic blood pressure regardless of adjustment for adiposity markers.ConclusionVO2max is inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk, but adiposity influences the association. The adiposity‐independent association among younger boys requires further research. Interventions to tackle cardiometabolic risk in childhood may primarily focus on reducing excess adiposity, and secondarily on improvement of CRF.
Dynamic Adaptation of Active Site Driven by Dual‐side Adsorption in Single‐Atomic Catalysts During CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Tran Nam Van , Liu Jiyuan , Li Shuzhou 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom iron embedded in N‐doped carbon (Fe−N−C) is among the most representative single‐atomic catalysts (SACs) for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Despite the simplicity of the active site, the CO2‐to‐CO mechanism on Fe−N−C remains controversial. Firstly, there is a long debate regarding the rate‐determining step (RDS) of the reactions. Secondly, recent computational and experimental studies are puzzled by the fact that the CO‐poisoned Fe centers still remain highly active at high potentials. Thirdly, there are ongoing challenges in elucidating the high selectivity of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) over CO2RR at high potentials. In this work, we introduce a novel CO2RR mechanism on Fe−N−C, which was inspired by the dynamic of active sites in biological systems. By employing grand‐canonical density functional theory and kinetic Monte‐Carlo, we found that the RDS is not fixed but changes with the applied potential. We demonstrated that our proposed dual‐side mechanisms could clarify the reason behind the high catalytic activity of CO‐poisoned metal centers, as well as the high selectivity of HER over CO2RR at high potential. This study provides a fundamental explanation for long‐standing puzzles of an important catalyst and calls for the importance of considering the dynamic of active sites in reaction mechanisms.
Inside Cover, Volume 141, Issue 42
Authors: Maidl Maximilian , Englberger Heidi , Abbasnia Amirhossein , Van Opdenbosch Daniel , Zollfrank Cordt 
Published: October 2024

The cover image is based on the Article Impact of oxidized sucrose as a bio‐based crosslinker on thermoformable films made from lupin protein isolate (Lupinus angustifolius L.) by Maximilian Maidl et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56109.
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Technoeconomic analysis of alternatives to improve Cuban sugarcane wax‐refining technology using Superpro Designer
Authors: Ramos Eduardo Hernández , de los Rios Manuel Díaz , de Cárdenas Lourdes Zumalacárregui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSugarcane wax is a co‐product with strong potential. It contains several bioactive components that can be used for pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes. It is also considered a substitute for leading vegetable waxes in the international market. The extraction and refining technologies that have been reported in Cuba do not always manage to deliver a wax that meets the quality demanded by the market. This problem can be solved with the development of innovative technologies that allow increasing yields, higher quality, and the reduction of costs. The main objective of this work was to achieve a validated model of the Cuban sugarcane wax‐refining process using the SuperPro Designer simulator, and to evaluate the alternatives in order to reduce consumption rates and increase stability in the final product quality, as customers demand. The model successfully replicated 39 out of 44 variables used for process validation, with values falling within the historical range of the process. Deviations from historical values were less than 4 percentage points. Among the proposed modifications, the second of the two alternatives proposed resulted in lower consumption rates and more consistent quality of refined wax.