bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaskuläre Komplikationen und Notfälle in der onkologischen Viszeralchirurgie – was muss ein Viszeralchirurg können und wissen
Authors: Matthaei Hanno , Schmidt Valeri , Branchi Vittorio , Verrel Frauke , Kalff Jörg , Koscielny Arne 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die kontinuierliche Verbesserung perioperativer und neoadjuvanter Therapiekonzepte ermöglicht heutzutage immer ausgedehntere Tumorresektionen mit dem Ziel der Heilung. Bei bildmorphologisch vaskulärer Beteiligung des Tumors sollte bereits in der Operationsplanung eine gefäßchirurgische Expertise hinzugezogen werden. Hingegen erfordern unvorhergesehene intraoperative Gefäßkomplikationen vom onkologischen Viszeralchirurgen teils ad hoc gefäßchirurgische Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten. Deren Erwerb ist gemäß aktueller Weiterbildungsordnung nicht verpflichtend vorgesehen, wird jedoch immer wieder kontrovers diskutiert und steht damit im Fokus unserer Untersuchung.
Patienten Im Zeitraum 2010 – 2015 erfolgten bei 126 viszeralchirurgischen Operationen – hiervon 30 Tumorresektionen – auch intraoperative gefäßchirurgische Eingriffe. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte retrospektiv mit einem Mindest-Follow-up von 12 Monaten. Neben ausführlicher Charakterisierung des Patientenguts und der vaskulären Eingriffe erfolgte eine statistische Analyse des Outcomes. Des Weiteren wurden die Weiterbildungsordnungen aller 17 Landesärztekammern auf gefäßchirurgische Inhalte hin geprüft.
Ergebnisse Die Gefäßversorgung erfolgte überwiegend aufgrund Verletzungen des mesenterikoportalen Systems (n = 11; 37%) und der Viszeralarterien (n = 14; 47%). Die häufigsten Techniken waren dabei die Gefäßnaht, die Reanastomosierung bzw. Patchplastik (n = 19; 63%) und die venöse Thrombektomie/arterielle Embolektomie (n = 18; 60%). Die Gesamt-30-Tages-Letalität lag bei 3%. Während der Follow-up-Periode verstarben 33% der Tumorpatienten, wobei lediglich die venöse Gefäßverletzung ein unabhängiger Prädiktionsparameter für ein schlechteres Überleben darstellte (arterielle vs. venöse Komplikation: HR 0,028; 95%-KI 0,002 – 0,442; p = 0,01). Der Erwerb gefäßchirurgischer Expertise durch den Viszeralchirurgen ist in der gegenwärtigen Weiterbildungsordnung fakultativ und bis maximal 12 Monate anrechenbar.
Schlussfolgerung Intraoperative Gefäßkomplikationen in der onkologischen Viszeralchirurgie sind nicht häufig, aber für den Patienten mit erheblichen Risiken verbunden. Diese erfordern solide Grundkenntnisse und -fertigkeiten in der Gefäßanatomie, -präparation und -darstellung für eine sichere Blutungskontrolle sowie in der Durchführung von Gefäßnahttechniken und -interponaten. Deren Erwerb ist in der gegenwärtigen Weiterbildungsordnung für Viszeralchirurgie lediglich fakultativ, was künftig neu bewertet werden sollte.
Preservation of Fertility or Ovarian Function in Patients with Breast Cancer or Gynecologic and Internal Malignancies
Authors: Stachs Angrit , Hartmann Steffi , Gerber Bernd 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBecause of the efficacy of systemic therapies, neoplasias which occur in pediatric and adolescent patients and in young adults have high cure rates. This means that fulfilling their wish to have children has become a more pressing concern, particularly among young women with malignant tumors. Premature ovarian failure is also a not insignificant problem as it has a lasting detrimental effect on quality of life. Every oncology patient who may potentially wish to have children should be informed about their options for preserving fertility prior to starting treatment. The rates of patient who received detailed briefing on this point remain low. This review presents the effects of different chemotherapeutic drugs on gonadal function together with an overview of currently valid recommendations on fertility preservation. Risk groups are defined and the specific approaches for malignancies of various organ systems are described. Cryopreservation of oocytes, fertilized embryos and ovarian tissue are fertility-preserving options for girls/young women. The data on the benefits of administering GnRH analogs for ovarian protection prior to starting chemotherapy are not clear. In postpubertal boys or male cancer patients, the standard approach is to cryopreserve sperm before starting therapy. The cryopreservation of testicular tissue is possible for prepubertal boys, however in-vitro sperm maturation is still in its experimental stages. This review also presents existing drug options for the preservation of ovarian function in oncology patients prior to chemotherapy, particularly for patients with (hormone-sensitive) breast cancer, and looks at the special issues of fertility-preserving surgery and radiation therapy in patients with gynecologic malignancies.
Therapie der pulmonal arteriellen Hypertonie
Authors: Rosenkranz Stephan , Ghofrani H. Ardeschir , Hoeper Marius M. 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Betreuung von Patienten mit pulmonal arterieller Hypertonie (PAH) basiert auf einer komplexen Strategie, welche neben dem Einsatz
gezielter PAH-Medikamente auch Allgemeinmaßnahmen und supportive Therapien einschließt. Gezielte PAH-Therapien umfassen
Endothelin-Rezeptor-Antagonisten, Phosphodiesterase 5-Inhibitoren, Stimulatoren der löslichen Guanylatzyklase, Prostazyklin-Analoga und
Prostazyklin-Rezeptor-Agonisten, die als Mono- oder Kombinationstherapien eingesetzt werden. Vor Einleitung einer gezielten PAH-Therapie
sollten die Patienten zur Diagnosesicherung und Klassifikation in einem Expertenzentrum vorgestellt werden. Therapieentscheidungen basieren
auf der initialen Ermittlung der Krankheitsschwere und einer individuellen Risikostratifizierung, dem Vorhandensein von Komorbiditäten und
Risikofaktoren, dem Therapieansprechen und dem Krankheitsverlauf. Die aktuellen ESC/ERS-Leitlinien und die Empfehlungen der Kölner
Konsensus-Konferenz betonen den Stellenwert von Kombinationstherapien, wobei je nach Vorhandensein kardialer und/oder pulmonaler
Begleiterkrankungen zwischen „typischer" und „atypischer" PAH unterschieden werden sollte. Allgemeinmaßnahmen und supportive Therapien haben
zum Teil erheblichen Einfluss auf die Morbidität und Mortalität und sind daher integraler Bestandteil der Behandlung und Versorgung von
PAH-Patienten.
Single-cell functional and chemosensitive profiling of combinatorial colorectal therapy in zebrafish xenografts
Authors: Fior Rita , Póvoa Vanda , Mendes Raquel V. , Carvalho Tânia , Gomes António , Figueiredo Nuno , Ferreira Miguel Godinho 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Despite advances in targeted cancer treatments, we still lack methods to predict how a specific cancer will respond to a given therapy. As a consequence, patients go through rounds of trial-and-error approaches based on guidelines to find the best treatment, often subjected to unnecessary toxicity. Using cell lines, we used zebrafish larvae xenografts as sensors for cancer behavior and therapy guideline screening. Our data show not only sufficient resolution to distinguish functional tumor behaviors in just 4 days but also differential sensitivity to colorectal cancer therapy. As proof-of-principle, we provide evidence for similar behavior response to therapies in patients as in zebrafish patient-derived xenografts. Altogether, our results suggest zebrafish larvae xenografts as a promising in vivo screening platform for precision medicine.
Motile cilia create fluid-mechanical microhabitats for the active recruitment of the host microbiome
Authors: Nawroth Janna C. , Guo Hanliang , Koch Eric , Heath-Heckman Elizabeth A. C. , Hermanson John C. , Ruby Edward G. , Dabiri John O. , Kanso Eva , McFall-Ngai Margaret 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceRecent findings demonstrate that microbiome communities often reside on mucociliated surfaces. While mucociliary clearance of bacteria from such surfaces has been extensively studied, the process of bacterial recruitment has remained unexplored. Here, using a simple model system, we show that ciliated surfaces, in addition to their clearance function, can create fluid-mechanical microhabitats with distinct transport and mixing properties that facilitate the active recruitment of symbiotic candidates from a background of suspended particles. Although each specific system will have unique properties, because ciliary structure and function are highly conserved, studies of models will contribute to an understanding of rules governing the selective behavior of ciliated surfaces.
Retrospective Analysis of Seasonal Ocean Growth Rates of Two Sea Winter Atlantic Salmon in Eastern Maine Using Historic Scales
Authors: Izzo Lisa K. , Zydlewski Joseph 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Substantial declines of anadromous Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar have occurred throughout its range, with many populations at the southern extent of the distribution currently extirpated or endangered. While both one sea winter (1SW) and two sea winter (2SW) spawner numbers for the North American stocks have declined since the 1950s, the decline has been most severe in 2SW spawners. The first months at sea are considered a period of high mortality. However, early ocean mortality alone cannot explain the more pronounced decline of 2SW spawners, suggesting that the second year at sea may be more critical than previously thought. Atlantic Salmon scales collected by anglers and the state agency from 1946 to 2013 from five rivers in eastern Maine were used to estimate smolt age and ocean age of returning adults. Additionally, seasonal growth rates of maiden 2SW spawners were estimated using intercirculi measurements and linear back-calculation methods. Generalized linear mixed models (Gaussian family, log link function) were used to investigate the influence of average sea surface temperature, accumulated thermal units, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and North Atlantic Oscillation indices, smolt age, smolt length, postsmolt growth, and river of origin on growth rate during the oceanic migration of North American Atlantic Salmon. Results suggest that different factors influence salmon growth throughout their oceanic migration, and previous growth can be a strong predictor of future size. Growth was negatively impacted by the phase of the AMO, which has been linked to salmon abundance trends, in early spring following the postsmolt period. This is likely when the 1SW and 2SW stock components separate, and our results suggest that this period may be of interest in future work examining the disproportionate decline in 2SW spawners.
Accurate detection of low-level somatic mutations with technical replication for next-generation sequencing
Authors: Kim Junho , Kim Dachan , Lim Jae Seok , Maeng Ju Heon , Son Hyeonju , Kang Hoon-Chul , Nam Hojung , Lee Jeong Ho , Kim Sangwoo 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTAccurate genome-wide detection of somatic mutations with low variant allele frequency (VAF, <1%) has proven difficult, for which generalized, scalable methods are lacking. Herein, we describe a new computational method, called RePlow that we developed to detect low-VAF somatic mutations based on simple, library-level replicates for next-generation sequencing on any platform. Through joint analysis of replicates, RePlow is able to remove prevailing background errors in next-generation sequencing analysis, facilitating remarkable improvement in the detection accuracy for low-VAF somatic mutations (up to ∼99% reduction in false positives). The method was validated in independent cancer panel and brain tissue sequencing data. Our study suggests a new paradigm with which to exploit an overwhelming abundance of sequencing data for accurate variant detection.
A role for the Smc3 hinge domain in the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion
Authors: Robison Brett , Guacci Vincent , Koshland Douglas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCohesin is a conserved protein complex required for sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome condensation, DNA damage repair, and regulation of transcription. Although cohesin functions to tether DNA duplexes, the contribution of its individual domains to this activity remains poorly understood. We interrogated the Smc3p subunit of cohesin by random insertion mutagenesis. Analysis of a mutant in the Smc3p hinge revealed an unexpected role for this domain in cohesion maintenance and condensation. Further investigation revealed that the Smc3p hinge functions at a step following cohesin’s stable binding to chromosomes and independently of Smc3p’s regulation by the Eco1p acetyltransferase. Hinge mutant phenotypes resemble loss of Pds5p, which binds opposite the hinge near Smc3p’s head domain. We propose that a specific conformation of the Smc3p hinge and Pds5p cooperate to promote cohesion maintenance and condensation.
Nonivasive prenatal diagnosis of single-gene disorders using droplet digital PCR
Authors: Camunas-Soler Joan , Lee Hojae , Hudgins Louanne , Hintz Susan R. , Blumenfeld Yair J. , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Quake Stephen R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal diagnosis in pregnancies at risk of single-gene disorders is currently performed using invasive methods such as chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis. This is in contrast with screening for common aneuploidies, for which noninvasive methods with a single maternal blood sample have become standard clinical practice.MethodsWe developed a protocol for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of inherited single gene disorders using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) from circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma. First, the amount of cfDNA and fetal fraction are determined using a panel of Taqman assays targeting high-variability SNPs. Second, the ratio of healthy and diseased alleles in maternal plasma are quantified using Taqman assays targeting the mutations carried by the parents. Two validation approaches of the mutation assay are presented.ResultsWe collected blood samples from 9 pregnancies at risk for different single gene disorders including common conditions and rare metabolic disorders. We measured cases at risk of hemophilia, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, cystic fibrosis, β-thalassemia, mevalonate kinase deficiency, acetylcholine receptor deficiency and DFNB1 nonsyndromic hearing loss. We correctly differentiated affected and unaffected pregnancies (2 affected, 7 unaffected), confirmed by neonatal testing. We successfully measured an affected pregnancy as early as week 11, and with a fetal fraction as low as 3.7±0.3%.ConclusionOur method detects single nucleotide mutations of autosomal recessive diseases as early as the first trimester of pregnancy. This is of importance for metabolic disorders where early diagnosis can affect management of the disease and reduce complications and anxiety related to invasive testing.
Demarcating the anatomical structure of the claustrum: piecing together a new functional puddle
Authors: Dillingham Christopher M , Frost Bethany E , Jankowski Maciej M , Lambert Marie AC , O’Mara Shane M 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground:A major obstacle in the understanding of the functional anatomy of the claustrum has been, and continues to be, the contradiction surrounding its anatomical boundary and, in particular, its rostral (i.e. anterior to striatum), extent. In a recent review we highlighted gene expression-based evidence from the mouse brain which lends weight to the idea that the anatomical boundary of the claustrum does in fact extend rostral to the anterior apex of the striatum. In light of this evidence, in the present study, we have examined the expression of two genes that have previously been identified as having differential expression in the mouse claustrum, with the aim of: 1, establishing the true neuroanatomical boundaries of the rat claustrum; and 2, determining the efficacy of claustral marker expression in the histological verification of claustral electrode placement following electrophysiological recordings in awake behaving rats.Methods:The expression profiles of two genes, crystallin mu (Crym) and guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 2 (Gng2) were assessed immunohistochemically in five male rats (one Wistar Kyoto (WK) and four Lister hooded (LH)). Prior to histological analysis, two of the rats had undergone surgical implantation of tetrodes targeting the putative rostral claustrum.Results:In results that are consistent with those we have previously described in the mouse brain, expression of Crym in the rat brain was highly attenuated, or absent, in the claustrum, demarcating a nuclear boundary that extended considerably beyond the anterior apex of the striatum. In concordance, enriched expression of Gng2 was found in the claustrum, again extending equivalently rostral to the anterior apex of the striatum. The expression of claustral marker genes is a highly effective tool in the verification of electrophysiological electrode placement. Electrophysiological recordings from within this Gng2 and Crym-defined boundary of the rostral claustrum support previous reports of a spatial map in the rostral claustrum.Conclusions:It is now clear that the anatomical boundary of the rat claustrum does in fact extend into more frontal regions of the brain than has previously been asserted. The importance of these findings are considered in the context of the regional specificity of claustral function, anatomical connectivity and electrophysiological properties.
Computational Re-Design of Synthetic Genetic Oscillators for Independent Amplitude and Frequency Modulation
Authors: Tomazou M. , Barahona M. , Polizzi K. , Stan G.-B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEngineering robust and tuneable genetic clocks is a topic of current interest in Systems and Synthetic Biology with wide applications in biotechnology. Synthetic genetic oscillators share a common structure based on a negative feedback loop with a time delay, and generally display only limited tuneability. Recently, the dual-feedback oscillator was demonstrated to be robust and tuneable, to some extent, by the use of chemical inducers. Yet no engineered genetic oscillator currently allows for theindependentmodulation of amplitude and period. In this work, we demonstrate computationally how recent advances in tuneable synthetic degradation can be used to decouple the frequency and amplitude modulation in synthetic genetic oscillators. We show how the range of tuneability can be increased by connecting additional input dials, e.g. orthogonal transcription factors that respond to chemical, temperature or even light signals. Modelling and numerical simulations predict that our proposed re-designs enable amplitude tuning without period modulation, coupled modulation of both period and amplitude, or period adjustment with near-constant amplitude. We illustrate our work through computational re-designs of both the dual-feedback oscillator and the repressilator, and show that the repressilator is more flexible and can allow for independent amplitude and near-independent period modulation.
School health is community health: school nursing in the early twentieth century in the USA
Authors: Apple Rima D. 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution of school nursing in the USA in the early decades of the twentieth century, highlighting the linkages between schools and public health and the challenges nurses faced.Design/methodology/approachThis historical essay examines the discussions about school nursing and school nurses’ descriptions of their work.FindingsIn the Progressive period, though the responsibilities of school nurse were never clearly defined, nurses quickly became accepted, respected members of the school, with few objecting to their practices. Nonetheless, nurses consistently faced financial complications that limited, and continue to limit, their effectiveness in schools and communities.Originality/valueFew histories of school health have documented the critical role nurses have played and their important, although contested, position today. This paper points to the obstacles restricting the development of dynamic school nurse programs today.
Domestic responsibilities as predictors of labour market attachment trajectories in men and women
Authors: Peutere Laura , Rautava Päivi , Virtanen Pekka 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse whether high responsibility for housework or childcare is related to weak labour market attachment.

Design/methodology/approach
Survey data on domestic responsibilities in 1998 and 2003 were linked to register data on respondents’ employment spells for 2004-2011. Effects of the responsibilities on labour market trajectories – identified with latent class growth analyses – were analysed with multinomial logistic regression analyses.

Findings
Four trajectories for labour market attachment were identified among both genders. When adjusted for prior labour market attachment and other control variables, a high responsibility for housework predicted weak labour market attachment, compared to the trajectory of strong attachment, only among men. Compared to the trajectory of strengthening attachment, a high responsibility for housework was related to weak attachment among both men and women.

Research limitations/implications
Personal orientations may, to some extent, explain both the division on domestic responsibilities and attachment to the labour market. In the Finnish type of welfare state, domestic responsibilities have long-term effects, especially on men’s careers. More attention should be given to men’s roles in families and their possible consequences.

Originality/value
This is the first study analysing the division of domestic responsibilities on later labour market attachment among both genders. The strength of this study is the long follow-up time and methodology; it combines survey data at two time points and register data on employment spells over eight years, identifying patterns in employment with latent class growth analyses.
The role of basic values and education on women’s work and family preferences in Europe
Authors: Matějů Petr , Smith Michael L. , Weidnerová Simona , Anýžová Petra 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Consistent with dual-process models of behaviour, Miles (2015) has shown that Schwartz’ basic values can provide a valuable framework for empirically analysing the role of values and cultural contexts in driving human behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this line of research by distinguishing individual values from macro-level values, as well as from other micro- and macro-conditions, in order to test whether individual values shape women’s work-family orientations in ways predicted by Hakim’s preference theory.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors make use of the second round of the European Social Survey (ESS) collected in 2004, where a battery of questions on human values and work-family preferences were posed, and apply a multilevel approach to take into account national cultural and economic conditions across 25 European countries.

Findings
In line with the dual-process model and preference theory, the authors show that internalised values, particularly conservatism, shape work-family orientations much more than national social and cultural conditions; in addition, the effect of women’s education on work-value orientations is stronger in countries with more conservative national cultures, suggesting that education may help women overcome social barriers in the choice of their work-career preference.

Originality/value
While values may shape work-family orientations differently in non-European or less affluent cultures, these findings reveal the importance of bringing values back into the analysis of individual preferences and behaviours towards the labour market.