bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global reference model of Curie-point depths based on EMAG2
Authors: Li Chun-Feng , Lu Yu , Wang Jian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we use a robust inversion algorithm, which we have tested in many regional studies, to obtain the first global model of Curie-point depth (GCDM) from magnetic anomaly inversion based on fractal magnetization. Statistically, the oceanic Curie depth mean is smaller than the continental one, but continental Curie depths are almost bimodal, showing shallow Curie points in some old cratons. Oceanic Curie depths show modifications by hydrothermal circulations in young oceanic lithosphere and thermal perturbations in old oceanic lithosphere. Oceanic Curie depths also show strong dependence on the spreading rate along active spreading centers. Curie depths and heat flow are correlated, following optimal theoretical curves of average thermal conductivities K = ~2.0 W(m°C)−1 for the ocean and K = ~2.5 W(m°C)−1 for the continent. The calculated heat flow from Curie depths and large-interval gridding of measured heat flow all indicate that the global heat flow average is about 70.0 mW/m2, leading to a global heat loss ranging from ~34.6 to 36.6 TW.
Identification of an RNase that preferentially cleaves A/G nucleotides
Authors: Xie Jumin , Chen Zhen , Zhang Xueyan , Chen Honghe , Guan Wuxiang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRibonucleases play an important role in the RNA metabolism which is critical for the localization, stability and function of mature RNA transcripts. More and more ribonucleases were discovered in recent years with the progress of technology. In the present study, we found that the uncharacterized C19orf43, a novel interacting protein of human telomerase RNA (hTR), digested T7 transcribed RNA, total cellular RNA and RNA oligos but not DNA. Thus we named this new RNase as hTRIR (human telomerase RNA interacting RNase). Genetic analysis showed that hTRIR is conserved among eukaryotic species and widely expressed in different cell lines. The RNase activity of hTRIR works in a broad temperature and pH range while divalent cations are not required. The conserved C-terminus of C19orf43 is necessary for its activity. Finally, we found that hTRIR cleaves all four unpaired RNA nucleotides from 5′ end or 3′ end with higher efficiency for purine bases, which suggested that hTRIR is an exoribonuclease. Taken together, our study showed the first evidence of the novel function of hTRIR in vitro, which provides clue to study the regulatory mechanism of hTR homeostasis in vivo.
Treadmill exercise suppressed stress-induced dendritic spine elimination in mouse barrel cortex and improved working memory via BDNF/TrkB pathway
Authors: Chen K , Zhang L , Tan M , Lai C S W , Li A , Ren C , So K-F 
Published: March 2017

AbstractStress-related memory deficit is correlated with dendritic spine loss. Physical exercise improves memory function and promotes spinogenesis. However, no studies have been performed to directly observe exercise-related effects on spine dynamics, in association with memory function. This study utilized transcranial two-photon in vivo microscopy to investigate dendritic spine formation and elimination in barrel cortex of mice under physical constrain or naive conditions, followed by memory performance in a whisker-dependent novel texture discrimination task. We found that stressed mice had elevated spine elimination rate in mouse barrel cortex plus deficits in memory retrieval, both of which can be rescued by chronic exercise on treadmill. Exercise also elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in barrel cortex. The above-mentioned rescuing effects for both spinognesis and memory function were abolished after inhibiting BDNF/tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) pathway. In summary, this study demonstrated the improvement of stress-associated memory function by exercise via facilitating spine retention in a BDNF/TrkB-dependent manner.
Expected signatures from hadronic emission processes in the TeV spectra of BL Lacertae objects
Authors: Zech A. , Cerruti M. , Mazin D. 
Published: March 2017

Context. The wealth of recent data from Imaging Air Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), ultra-high energy cosmic-ray experiments and neutrino telescopes have fuelled a renewed interest in hadronic emission models for γ-loud blazars.
Aims. We explore physically plausible solutions for a lepto-hadronic interpretation of the stationary emission from high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs). The modelled spectral energy distributions are then searched for specific signatures at very high energies that could help to distinguish the hadronic origin of the emission from a standard leptonic scenario.
Methods. By introducing a few basic constraints on parameters of the model, such as assuming the co-acceleration of electrons and protons, we significantly reduced the number of free parameters. We then systematically explored the parameter space of the size of the emission region and its magnetic field for two bright γ-loud HBLs, PKS 2155-304 and Mrk 421. For all solutions close to equipartition between the energy densities of protons and of the magnetic field, and with acceptable jet power and light-crossing timescales, we inspected the spectral hardening in the multi-TeV domain from proton-photon induced cascades and muon-synchrotron emission inside the source. Very-high-energy spectra simulated with the available instrument functions from the future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) were evaluated for detectable features as a function of exposure time, source redshift, and flux level.
Results. A range of hadronic scenarios are found to provide satisfactory solutions for the broad band emission of the sources under study. The TeV spectrum can be dominated either by proton-synchrotron emission or by muon-synchrotron emission. The solutions for HBLs cover a parameter space that is distinct from the one found for the most extreme BL Lac objects in an earlier study. Over a large range of model parameters, the spectral hardening due to internal synchrotron-pair cascades, the “cascade bump”, should be detectable for acceptable exposure times with the future CTA for a few nearby and bright HBLs.
Numerosity representation is encoded in human subcortex
Authors: Collins Elliot , Park Joonkoo , Behrmann Marlene 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Despite major neuroanatomical differences, adults, infants, nonhuman primates, and invertebrates possess the ability to evaluate relative quantities. Humans’ ability starts with coarse granularity (distinguishing ratios of numerical quantities of 3:1 or larger), but this becomes increasingly precise over development. This series of experiments demonstrates a role of the subcortex in discriminating numerosities in larger (4:1 or 3:1), but not in smaller ratios. These findings map onto the precision with which newborns evaluate number. Combined with evidence from the development of numerical skills, this study implicates the human subcortex as a possible source of core number knowledge that is both related to phylogenetic numerical competence and serves as the foundation on which more complex ontogenetic numerical skills may be built.
Potent neuroprotection after stroke afforded by a double-knot spider-venom peptide that inhibits acid-sensing ion channel 1a
Authors: Chassagnon Irène R. , McCarthy Claudia A. , Chin Yanni K.-Y. , Pineda Sandy S. , Keramidas Angelo , Mobli Mehdi , Pham Vi , De Silva T. Michael , Lynch Joseph W. , Widdop Robert E. , Rash Lachlan D. , King Glenn F. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Six million people die each year from stroke, and 5 million survivors are left with a permanent disability. Moreover, the neuronal damage caused by stroke often triggers a progressive decline in cognitive function that doubles the risk of dementia for stroke survivors. Despite this massive global disease burden, there are no approved drugs for treating the neuronal injury caused to the brain by the oxygen deprivation occurring during an ischemic stroke. The precipitous drop in brain pH resulting from stroke activates acid-sensing ion channel 1a. We show that inhibition of these channels using a “double-knot” spider venom peptide massively attenuates brain damage after stroke and improves behavioral outcomes, even when the peptide is administered 8 h after stroke onset.
Structure of a headful DNA-packaging bacterial virus at 2.9 Å resolution by electron cryo-microscopy
Authors: Zhao Haiyan , Li Kunpeng , Lynn Anna Y. , Aron Keith E. , Yu Guimei , Jiang Wen , Tang Liang 
Published: March 2017

Significance
The enormous prevalence of tailed double-stranded DNA bacteriophages on this planet is made possible by highly efficient self-assembly of usually hundreds of protein subunits into highly stable capsids. These capsids must stand with an internal pressure as a result of the phage DNA-packaging process. Here we report the complete atomic model of the headful DNA-packaging bacteriophage Sf6 at 2.9 Å resolution determined by electron cryo-microscopy. The structure reveals the DNA-inflated, tensed state of a robust yet flexible protein shell assembled via noncovalent interactions, enabled by remarkable global conformational polymorphism of capsid proteins, a network formed by extended N arms, and abundant β-sheet–like mainchain:mainchain intermolecular interactions. The assembly mechanism may be common among tailed DNA phages and herpesviruses.
Neuroendocrine androgen action is a key extraovarian mediator in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Caldwell Aimee S. L. , Edwards Melissa C. , Desai Reena , Jimenez Mark , Gilchrist Robert B. , Handelsman David J. , Walters Kirsty A. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unknown, but androgen excess is a key feature. We combined a hyperandrogenized PCOS mouse model with global and tissue- and cell-specific androgen-resistant mouse lines to uncover the sites of androgen action that initiate PCOS. We demonstrate that direct androgen actions, particularly in neurons but less so in granulosa cells, are required for the development of key reproductive and metabolic PCOS features. These data highlight the previously overlooked importance of extraovarian neuroendocrine androgen action in the origins of PCOS. Targeting androgen-driven mechanisms may represent new options for developing a mechanism-based treatment of PCOS.
Molecular interactions and inhibition of the staphylococcal biofilm-forming protein SdrC
Authors: Feuillie Cécile , Formosa-Dague Cécile , Hays Leanne M. C. , Vervaeck Ophélie , Derclaye Sylvie , Brennan Marian P. , Foster Timothy J. , Geoghegan Joan A. , Dufrêne Yves F. 
Published: March 2017

SignificanceThe bacterial pathogenStaphylococcus aureusshows a remarkable ability to aggregate, thereby contributing to the formation of cellular communities that are difficult to eradicate. In this study, we dissect the homophilic interactions at play duringS. aureuscell–cell adhesion, focusing on the key surface protein SdrC. We discover that SdrC is engaged in low-affinity homophilic bonds that promote intercellular adhesion, and that it also favors strong hydrophobic interactions with surfaces, emphasizing that this protein is a multifunctional adhesin. We also show that SdrC-dependent cell-surface attachment, cell–cell adhesion, and biofilm formation can be efficiently blocked by a peptide, thus suggesting this approach could be used for antibiofilm therapy.
Recurrent rewiring and emergence of RNA regulatory networks
Authors: Wilinski Daniel , Buter Natascha , Klocko Andrew D. , Lapointe Christopher P. , Selker Eric U. , Gasch Audrey P. , Wickens Marvin 
Published: March 2017

SignificanceRegulatory networks change during evolution. A protein that controls many genes in one species may control a different set of genes in another. We examined how mRNA networks evolve, focusing on the PUF (Pumilio and FBF) family of RNA-binding proteins. These govern stability and translation of hundreds of mRNAs and enable coordinate regulation of discrete biological outcomes. To understand how RNA networks evolve, we used knowledge of the RNA specificity of each PUF protein to predict its mRNA targets and directly identified mRNAs bound to each protein in divergent fungi via biochemical methods. We find networks controlled by one protein switch during evolution to be controlled by another and that proteins with different specificities can share, gain, or lose batteries of mRNAs.
Structure of the infectious salmon anemia virus receptor complex illustrates a unique binding strategy for attachment
Authors: Cook Jonathan D. , Sultana Azmiri , Lee Jeffrey E. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
The infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), an aquatic pathogen with lethal hemorrhagic potential, decimates farmed and freshwater fish populations globally. Here, we determined the crystallographic structures of the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) viral glycoprotein responsible for the dynamic attachment of the virus to its receptor in Atlantic salmon. We identified surface features of ISAV HE that are conserved across isolates known to cause significant economic burden to fisheries worldwide. This provides a molecular blueprint for the design of a broadly protective vaccine. Furthermore, we showed that ISAV HE has a distinct receptor recognition strategy from those of other influenza-like viruses and coronaviral HE proteins, contributing to our understanding of the diversity of viral entry mechanisms.
Identification of a putative binding site critical for general anesthetic activation of TRPA1
Authors: Ton Hoai T. , Phan Thieu X. , Abramyan Ara M. , Shi Lei , Ahern Gerard P. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
General anesthetics are an important class of drugs that suppress the activity of neurons in the brain to produce reversible unconsciousness. In addition, several general anesthetics, including the intravenous drug, propofol, and the inhaled gas, isoflurane, cause pain/irritation upon administration and a reduction in blood pressure. These side effects arise from activation of the transient receptor potential ankyrin repeat 1 (TRPA1) ion channel but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study we identify a potential binding pocket for propofol and isoflurane, including several critical amino acid residues, located in the channel pore region of TRPA1. These results confirm an important role for the pore region in regulating channel activity. Further, the information may be useful in designing drugs to counter anesthetic-mediated activation of TRPA1.
Three-dimensional culture system identifies a new mode of cetuximab resistance and disease-relevant genes in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Cunxi , Singh Bhuminder , Graves-Deal Ramona , Ma Haiting , Starchenko Alina , Fry William H. , Lu Yuanyuan , Wang Yang , Bogatcheva Galina , Khan Mohseen P. , Milne Ginger L. , Zhao Shilin , Ayers Gregory Daniel , Li Nenggan , Hu Huaying , Washington Mary Kay , Yeatman Timothy J. , McDonald Oliver G. , Liu Qi , Coffey Robert J. 
Published: March 2017

SignificanceBy culturing a human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line (HCA-7) in 3D, we have generated two cell lines (CC and SC) with distinct morphological, genetic, biochemical, and functional properties. Using this 3D system, we have discovered that increased tyrosine phosphorylation of MET and RON results in cetuximab resistance in the SC cell line that can be overcome by addition of the dual MET/RON tyrosine kinase inhibitor, crizotinib. We have also identified that increased epithelial, but not stromal, versican staining correlates with reduced survival in a clinically annotated CRC tissue microarray.
High-capacity, low-tortuosity, and channel-guided lithium metal anode
Authors: Zhang Ying , Luo Wei , Wang Chengwei , Li Yiju , Chen Chaoji , Song Jianwei , Dai Jiaqi , Hitz Emily M. , Xu Shaomao , Yang Chunpeng , Wang Yanbin , Hu Liangbing 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Li metal is considered as the “Holy Grail” anode for Li batteries due to its highest theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential. However, the infinite volume change during the Li stripping/plating process would lead to issues like solid electrolyte interphase cracks and Li dendrites. This work describes a high-capacity and low-tortuosity Li metal anode, which was prepared by infusing molten Li into carbonized wood channels. The straight channels of carbonized wood acting as an ideal host can effectively accommodate the Li volume change, which delivered a lower overpotential and better cycling performance compared with bare Li metal. This work demonstrated the importance of structure design, especially low-tortuosity Li metal structure, for enabling Li metal anode in high-energy batteries.
In vivo optophysiology reveals that G-protein activation triggers osmotic swelling and increased light scattering of rod photoreceptors
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Zawadzki Robert J. , Goswami Mayank , Nguyen Phuong T. , Yarov-Yarovoy Vladimir , Burns Marie E. , Pugh Edward N. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Complete activation of the phototransduction G-protein cascade of dark-adapted rod photoreceptors causes outer segments to undergo 10% elongation and large local increases in backscattering, as measured in vivo with noninvasive, high-resolution optical coherence tomography. Maximal elongation is caused by a potentially harmful 20% increase in internal osmotic pressure generated by excess osmolytes arising from phototransduction. The light-stimulated elongation and backscattering responses can be explained by an osmo-elastic model of cytoplasmic swelling, combined with changes in refractive index consequent to the swelling and translocation of the G-protein subunits into the cytosol. Disease conditions that affect the structural integrity of rods may cause them to be especially vulnerable to osmotic stress caused by bright light.
Triad of human cellular proteins, IRF2, FAM111A, and RFC3, restrict replication of orthopoxvirus SPI-1 host-range mutants
Authors: Panda Debasis , Fernandez Daniel J. , Lal Madhu , Buehler Eugen , Moss Bernard 
Published: March 2017

SignificanceViruses are important causes of human disease and provide tools for understanding host immune defense mechanisms. Poxviruses are good models for probing the immune system because many replicate well in human cells, some cause severe disease, and nearly half of the 200 viral genes are devoted to host interactions. The virus/host equilibrium can be perturbed by mutating a viral gene and restored by suppressing the opposing host genes. To find relevant host genes for one such poxvirus mutation, we used a high-throughput human genome-wide RNAi screen and monitored virus spread. Three proteins were identified: Two participate in processive DNA replication and another activates transcription of one of the DNA replication proteins to form a putative antiviral network.
Species richness alone does not predict cultural ecosystem service value
Authors: Graves Rose A. , Pearson Scott M. , Turner Monica G. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Sustaining biodiversity and ecosystem services are common conservation goals. However, understanding relationships between biodiversity and cultural ecosystem services (CES) and determining the best indicators to represent CES remain crucial challenges. We combined ecological and social data to compare CES value of wildflower communities based on observed species richness versus revealed social preferences. Using a discrete-choice experiment with images of wildflower communities, we analyzed which aspects of biodiversity were associated with the aesthetic preferences of forest visitors. Although commonly used to indicate biodiversity-based CES, species richness did not predict aesthetic preference. This study suggests that successful management of CES requires understanding stakeholders’ preferences to determine conservation priorities.
“Contesting the Cynicism of Neoliberalism”
Authors: Liu Ming 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article aims to expose the hegemony of neoliberalism in media discourse through a corpus-assisted discourse study of the representations of the Sino-US currency dispute in two newspapers –China Daily(CD) from China andThe New York Times(NYT) from the US. The findings suggest that while neoliberal ideology can be identified in both CD and NYT, it is articulated and appropriated differently in the two newspapers to construct their respective stance towards the issue. Neoliberal beliefs are found pervading different levels of discourse (i.e., thematic, lexical and grammatical) in NYT to construct a combative stance towards China’s exchange rate policies. However, the hegemony of neoliberalism can also be detected through CD’s ambivalent stance towards change and the seemingly contradictory evaluation of the impact of exchange rate changes.
Uzbek re-modeled
Authors: Catedral Lydia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between Russian language use and language planning in the context of newly independent, post-soviet Uzbekistan (1991–1992). It is guided by the question:In what ways does the use of Russian loanwords in Uzbek language newspapers accomplish language planning in newly independent Uzbekistan?The main finding from this analysis is that post-independence use of Russian loanwords from particular semantic classes in particular contexts reinforce overtly stated ideologies about Russian and construct difference between soviet Uzbekistan and independent Uzbekistan. These findings demonstrate the need to reexamine the role of Russian language in post-soviet contexts, and they contribute a unique approach to analyzing links between lexical items and ideology in language planning.
Democratic peace as global errand
Authors: Dunmire Patricia L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFocusing on the foreign policy discourse of George H. W. Bush and William Clinton, I examine the role the American jeremiad played in conceptualizing the geopolitical change initiated by the ending of the Cold War. I identify “extending the democratic peace” as the nation’s post-Cold War “errand” and argue that this global mission represented the contemporary “re-dedication” of American policy to the nation’s “divine cause.” I demonstrate that a key issue facing the nation was whether the U.S. would reap the benefits of its Cold War victory by extending its political-economic system globally or whether it would turn inward and, thereby, give rein of the future to the forces of “anarchy” and chaos.” As with earlier renditions of the jeremiad, the post-Cold War variant turned this liminal moment into a “mode of socialization” (Bercovitch 2012, 25) by deploying the concept of democratic peace to legitimate an interventionist foreign policy.
Reduction in hydroxyhydroquinone from coffee increases postprandial fat utilization in healthy humans: a randomized double-blind, cross-over trial
Authors: Soga Satoko , Ota Noriyasu , Shimotoyodome Akira 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The present study aimed to clarify the effect of reduction in hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ) from roasted coffee on energy utilization in humans. Indirect calorimetry showed that one-week ingestion of HHQ-reduced coffee led to significantly higher postprandial fat utilization than that of HHQ-containing coffee. This finding indicates that reduction in HHQ from coffee increases postprandial fat utilization.