bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in field‐scale N2O flux linked to crop residue removal under two tillage systems in cold climates
Authors: Congreves Katelyn A. , Brown Shannon E. , Németh Deanna D. , Dunfield Kari E. , Wagner‐Riddle Claudia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractResidue removal for biofuel production may have unintended consequences for N2O emissions from soils, and it is not clear how N2O emissions are influenced by crop residue removal from different tillage systems. Thus, we measured field‐scale N2O flux over 5 years (2005–2007, 2010–2011) from an annual crop rotation to evaluate how N2O emissions are influenced by no‐till (NT) compared to conventional tillage (CV), and how crop residue removal (R−) rather than crop residue return to soil (R+) affects emissions from these two tillage systems. Data from all 5 years indicated no differences in N2O flux between tillage practices at the onset of the growing season, but CT had 1.4–6.3 times higher N2O flux than NT overwinter. Nitrous oxide emissions were higher due to R− compared to R+, but the effect was more marked under CT than NT and overwinter than during spring. Our results thus challenge the assumption based on IPCC methodology that crop residue removal will result in reduced N2O emissions. The potential for higher N2O emission with residue removal implies that the benefit of utilizing biomass as biofuels to mitigate greenhouse gas emission may be overestimated. Interestingly, prior to an overwinter thaw event, dissolved organic C (DOC) was negatively correlated to peak N2O flux (r = −0.93). This suggests that lower N2O emissions with R+ vs. R− may reflect more complete stepwise denitrification to N2 during winter and possibly relate to the heterotrophic microbial capacity for processing crop residue into more soluble C compounds and a shift in the preferential C source utilized by the microbial community overwinter.
Influence of Air Temperature on Physical Characteristics and Bioactive Compounds in Vacuum Drying of Arthrospira Spirulina
Authors: Larrosa A.P.Q. , Comitre A.A. , Vaz L.B. , Pinto L.A.A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different temperatures in vacuum drying of Arthrospira Spirulina sp. on the physical properties and on the bioactive compounds, and to compare with the traditional oven dryer. The samples were evaluated according to phycocyanin content, phenolic compounds, lipid oxidation, color parameters and rehydration. The phenolic methanol extracts were analyzed by FTIR, and thermal analysis (DSC), scanning electronic microscopy and X‐ray diffraction of the samples were also performed. The results showed that the characteristics of the dried products were influenced by the different temperatures of the drying methods. Vacuum drying at 40C was the more suitable to dry Arthrospira Spirulina sp. in relation to the characteristics products due to the minor losses of phycocyanin content, the great source of phenolic compounds, the minor lipid oxidation, the good rehydration capacity and the highest thermal stability.Pratical ApplicationsArthrospira Spirulina sp. is a microalgae which is a promising source of compounds with biological activity that could be used as functional ingredients, due to presence of pigments, phenolic compounds and fatty acids. However, this algae is very perishable and it should be dried after cultivation in order to prevent fungal deterioration. Phycocyanin content, phenolic compounds and lipid oxidation of the Arthrospira Spirulina sp. are affected by temperature and time drying processing. Thus, the vacuum drying process is a technique which leads to a product with best quality due to the low air temperatures and less oxygen content present in environment of dryer under subatmospheric pressure. Therefore, selection of the most appropriate technique and the drying conditions are very important to avoid major losses of bioactive compounds during the drying process of Arthrospira Spirulina sp.
Alkaline phosphatase at diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis and 1 year later: evaluation of prognostic value
Authors: de Vries Elisabeth M. G. , Wang Junfeng , Leeflang Mariska M. G. , Boonstra Kirsten , Weersma Rinse K. , Beuers Ulrich H. , Geskus Ronald B. , Ponsioen Cyriel Y. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a slowly progressive liver disease. Reliable biomarkers to predict outcome are urgently needed to serve as surrogate endpoints and/or stratifiers in clinical trials. Reduction in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has been proposed as prognostic surrogate marker in PSC. The aim of this study was to asses if ALP at diagnosis (T0), 1 year later (T1), and percentage change between both time points hold prognostic value, and to determine the optimal threshold.MethodsWe retrospectively collected ALP levels at T0 and T1 for patients included in a large PSC cohort. The association of ALP at T0, T1, and percentage change with the combined endpoint (PSC‐related death, liver transplantation) was analysed. Predictive value was determined using C‐statistics.ResultsA total of 366 patients were included, of whom 66 (18%) reached an endpoint: 26 (7%) PSC‐related death, 40 (11%) liver transplantation. At T0 and T1, 84% used ursodeoxycholic acid. A positive association was observed between level of ALP at T0 and T1 and the hazard of reaching an endpoint, up to values around 2.5 times upper limit of normal (xULN). A larger decrease in ALP between T0 and T1 decreased the event rate. A range of thresholds (0.5–3×ULN) with about similar C‐statistics was found. In this cohort, the optimal threshold was 1.3×ULN at T1.ConclusionALP can be used to discriminate between PSC patients with a good and a poor prognosis. These findings indicate that ALP can serve as stratifier, and potentially as surrogate endpoint for clinical trials in PSC.
The Listeria monocytogenes Fur‐regulated virulence protein FrvA is an Fe(II) efflux P1B4‐type ATPase
Authors: Pi Hualiang , Patel Sarju J. , Argüello José M. , Helmann John D. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryListeria monocytogenes FrvA (Lmo0641) is critical for virulence in the mouse model and is an ortholog of the Bacillus subtilis Fur‐ and PerR‐regulated Fe(II) efflux P1B4‐type ATPase PfeT. Previously, FrvA was suggested to protect against heme toxicity. Here, we demonstrate that an frvA mutant is sensitive to iron intoxication, but not to other metals. Expression of frvA is induced by high iron and this induction requires Fur. FrvA functions in vitro as a divalent cation specific ATPase most strongly activated by ferrous iron. When expressed in B. subtilis, FrvA increases resistance to iron both in wild‐type and in a pfeT null strain. FrvA is a high affinity Fe(II) exporter and its induction imposes severe iron limitation in B. subtilis resulting in derepression of both Fur‐ and PerR‐regulated genes. FrvA also recognizes Co(II) and Zn(II) as substrates and can complement B. subtilis strains defective in the endogenous export systems for these cations. Building on these results, we conclude that FrvA functions in the efflux of Fe(II), and not heme during listerial infection.
Polypeptide release factors and stop codon recognition in the apicoplast and mitochondrion of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Vaishya Suniti , Kumar Vikash , Gupta Ankit , Siddiqi Mohammad Imran , Habib Saman 
Published: March 2016

SummaryCorrect termination of protein synthesis would be a critical step in translation of organellar open reading frames (ORFs) of the apicoplast and mitochondrion of the malaria parasite. We identify release factors (RFs) responsible for recognition of the UAA and UGA stop‐codons of apicoplast ORFs and the sole UAA stop‐codon that terminates translation from the three mitochondrial ORFs. A single nuclear‐encoded canonical RF2, PfRF2Api, localizes to the apicoplast. It has a conserved tripeptide motif (SPF) for stop‐codon recognition and is sufficient for peptidyl‐tRNA hydrolysis (PTH) from both UAA and UGA. Two RF family proteins are targeted to the parasite mitochondrion; a canonical RF1, PfRF1Mit, with a variant codon‐recognition motif (PxN instead of the conserved RF1 PxT) is the major peptidyl‐hydrolase with specific recognition of the UAA codon relevant to mitochondrial ORFs. Mutation of the N residue of the PfRF1Mit PxN motif and two other conserved residues of the codon recognition domain lowers PTH activity from pre‐termination ribosomes indicating their role in codon‐recognition. The second RF imported by the mitochondrion is the non‐canonical PfICT1 that functions as a dimer and mediates codon nonspecific peptide release. Our results help delineate a critical step in organellar translation in Plasmodium, which is an important target for anti‐malarials.
Broad taxonomic characterization of Verticillium wilt resistance genes reveals an ancient origin of the tomato Ve1 immune receptor
Authors: Song Yin , Zhang Zhao , Seidl Michael F. , Majer Aljaz , Jakse Jernej , Javornik Branka , Thomma Bart P. H. J. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryPlant‐pathogenic microbes secrete effector molecules to establish themselves on their hosts, whereas plants use immune receptors to try and intercept such effectors in order to prevent pathogen colonization. The tomato cell surface‐localized receptor Ve1 confers race‐specific resistance against race 1 strains of the soil‐borne vascular wilt fungus Verticillium dahliae which secrete the Ave1 effector. Here, we describe the cloning and characterization of Ve1 homologues from tobacco (Nicotiana glutinosa), potato (Solanum tuberosum), wild eggplant (Solanum torvum) and hop (Humulus lupulus), and demonstrate that particular Ve1 homologues govern resistance against V. dahliae race 1 strains through the recognition of the Ave1 effector. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Ve1 homologues are widely distributed in land plants. Thus, our study suggests an ancient origin of the Ve1 immune receptor in the plant kingdom.
Dock1 promotes the mesenchymal transition of glioma and is modulated by MiR‐31
Authors: Zhang Baogang , Li Hongli , Yin Chonggao , Sun Xuemei , Zheng Shuxian , Zhang Changjie , Shi Lihong , Liu Yuqing , Lu Shijun 
Published: March 2016

AimsThis research aimed to examine the relationship between Dock1 and miR‐31 and to determine the effect of miR‐31 on the mesenchymal transition and invasiveness of glioma.MethodsReal‐time PCR was used to measure the expression of miR‐31 and other RNAs. The transfection was used to manipulate the expression levels of Dock1 and miR‐31 in cancer cells. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Dock1 and other related proteins. Wound healing, Matrigel invasion and chemotaxis assays were performed to detect the invasion and migration of glioma cell lines. The actual binding site of miR‐31 to the 3′‐untranslated region of Dock1 was confirmed through luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. Methylation‐specific PCR was performed to detect the methylation level of miR‐31 in both glioma cell lines and tissues.ResultsDock1 can promote the IL8‐induced chemotaxis and mesenchymal transition of glioma cells through the NF‐κB/Snail signalling pathway. The protein levels of Dock1 in glioma cell lines and clinical specimens were negatively correlated with miR‐31 expression, and Dock1 was directly targeted by miR‐31. Animal experiments showed that Dock1 downregulation and miR‐31 overexpression reduced glioma cell invasion. Investigation of the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that miR‐31 downregulation was attributable to the hypermethylation of the promoter region of miR‐31 in glioma cells.ConclusionDock1 modulation by miR‐31 plays an important function in glioma invasion both in vitro and in vivo. This study provides new insights into the invasion of glioma cells and might therefore contribute to the development of new antiglioma strategies.
Everyday nationalism and international hockey: contesting Canadian national identity
Authors: Watson Scott D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper examines how hockey is used to construct and demarcate the Canadian national community from external others, namely, the USA, Europe and Russia/USSR. The paper suggests popular nationalist narratives around the sport of hockey construct difference from external others in ways that place them in tension with state and corporate interests. Drawing on the concept of everyday nationalism, this article explores how the interplay between international competition, national identity and commercial sport has made hockey an ambiguous and contested national symbol in Canada.
Baseline features and differences in 48 week clinical outcomes in patients with gastroparesis and type 1 vs type 2 diabetes
Authors: Koch K. L. , Hasler W. L. , Yates K. P. , Parkman H. P. , Pasricha P. J. , Calles‐Escandon J. , Snape W. J. , Abell T. L. , McCallum R. W. , Nguyen L. A. , Sarosiek I. , Farrugia G. , Tonascia J. , Lee L. , Miriel L. , Hamilton F. ,   the NIDDK Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium (GpCRC)
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn studies of diabetic gastroparesis, patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM, T2DM) are often combined for analyses. We compared gastroparesis severity, healthcare utilization, psychological function, and quality of life in T1DM vs T2DM gastroparesis patients.MethodsQuestionnaire, laboratory, and scintigraphy data from patients with gastroparesis and T1DM and T2DM from seven centers of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium Registry were compared at enrollment and after 48 weeks. Multiple regression models assessed baseline and follow‐up differences between diabetes subtypes.Key ResultsAt baseline, T1DM patients (N = 78) had slower gastric emptying, more hospitalizations, more gastric stimulator implantations, higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and more anxiety vs T2DM patients (N = 59). Independent discriminators of patients with T1DM vs T2DM included worse gastroesophageal reflux disease, less bloating, more peripheral neuropathy, and fewer comorbidities (p ≤ 0.05). On follow‐up, gastrointestinal (GI) symptom scores decreased only in T2DM (p < 0.05), but not in T1DM patients who reported greater prokinetic, proton pump inhibitor, anxiolytic, and gastric stimulator usage over 48 weeks (p ≤ 0.03). Gastrointestinal symptoms at baseline and 48 weeks with both subtypes were not associated with HbA1c, peripheral neuropathy, psychological factors, or quality of life.Conclusions & InferencesBaseline symptoms were similar in T1DM and T2DM patients, even though T1DM patients had worse gastric emptying delays and higher HbA1c suggesting other factors mediate symptom severity. Symptom scores at 48 weeks decreased in T2DM, but not T1DM patients, despite increased medical and surgical treatment utilization by T1DM patients. Defining causes of different outcomes in diabetic gastroparesis warrants further investigation.
Combination of two different homozygote mutations in Pompe disease
Authors: Arslan Alev , Poyrazoğlu Hatice Gamze , Kiraz Aslihan , Özcan Alper , Işık Halid , Ergul Ayse Betül , Mungan Neslihan Önenli , Streubel Berthold , Ceylaner Serdar , Altuner Torun Yasemin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPompe disease (OMIM no 232300) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder, caused by glycogen accumulation in the lysosome due to deficiency of the lysosomal acid 03B1‐glucosidase enzyme. Here we report the case of an 8‐month‐old girl of consanguineous Turkish parents, who was diagnosed with the infantile form of Pompe disease. Two different uncommon homozygote mutations (c.32‐13 T > G homozygote and c.1856G > A homozygote) were detected. The patient had a more progressive clinical course than expected. We emphasize the rare combination of genetic mutations in this Turkish family with Pompe disease.
Young Children Treat Robots as Informants
Authors: Breazeal Cynthia , Harris Paul L. , DeSteno David , Kory Westlund Jacqueline M. , Dickens Leah , Jeong Sooyeon 
Published: March 2016

AbstractChildren ranging from 3 to 5 years were introduced to two anthropomorphic robots that provided them with information about unfamiliar animals. Children treated the robots as interlocutors. They supplied information to the robots and retained what the robots told them. Children also treated the robots as informants from whom they could seek information. Consistent with studies of children's early sensitivity to an interlocutor's non‐verbal signals, children were especially attentive and receptive to whichever robot displayed the greater non‐verbal contingency. Such selective information seeking is consistent with recent findings showing that although young children learn from others, they are selective with respect to the informants that they question or endorse.
Drive-by detection of railway track stiffness variation using in-service vehicles
Authors: Quirke Paraic , Cantero Daniel , OBrien Eugene J , Bowe Cathal 
Published: March 2016

Railway track stiffness is an important track property which can help with the identification of maintenance related problems. Railway track stiffness can currently be measured using stationary equipment or specialised low-speed vehicles. The concept of using trains in regular service to measure track stiffness has the potential to provide inexpensive daily ‘drive-by’ track monitoring to complement data collected by less-frequent monitoring techniques. A method is proposed in this paper for the detection of track stiffness variation through an analysis of vehicle accelerations resulting from the vehicle–track dynamic interaction. The cross-entropy optimisation technique is applied to determine the track stiffness profile, which generates a vehicle response that best fits the measured vertical accelerations of a railway carriage bogie. Numerical validation of the concept is achieved by using a two-dimensional half-bogie dynamic model, representing a railway vehicle, to infer a global track stiffness profile along a track. The track stiffness measurement algorithm is implemented in Matlab. This paper reports the results of the numerical simulations. The proposed method gives good estimates of the track stiffness. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time an optimisation technique has been applied to the determination of railway track stiffness.
Social media as conduit in art: Understanding connections to communities of practice through professional learning theory
Authors: Budge Kylie 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
While there is some interest in the use of social media applications in university teaching contexts, there is also a significant amount of hesitation about their inclusion in curricula. A key benefit is the way social media allows students opportunities to explore and connect with professional communities of practice to which they aspire to join. In this article the potential to access professional communities of practice in new ways is illustrated through the case of Instagram in university art classes. The possibilities afforded by this medium are made explicit through the example of one artist using Instagram. Through the lens of practice-based professional learning theory I argue that social media such as Instagram create the possibility of altering social relations to connect people in faster, more intimate and professionally significant ways than we have previously known. Following that, implications for university curricula design are explored.
Introducing movement capture in art education
Authors: Denmead Tyler 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Recording and representing movement is becoming as much a feature of daily life as recording and representing talk and sound, and the digital technologies available to us for capturing movement are becoming increasingly powerful. However an interdisciplinary review of movement capture catering to an arts education audience has not been done. In this article, I theoretically examine the concepts of movement and capture before considering how methodologies and technologies used in movement capture has been historically significant in the arts. Through this interdisciplinary review, I will demonstrate how movement capture is a rich site of interdisciplinary convergence for the art education classroom and as a research methodology. It introduces new complex affordances for moving human bodies, affordances that have the possibility to extend means of human expression and understanding. But as movement capture becomes a richer and more complex feature of our visual material landscape, art educators must prepare our students to engage critically with how and what it means to move and why, and if, movement should be captured.
Reading the Walls
Authors: Fuentes Ed 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The contemporary form of the community mural is street art and is a continuation of the urban art movement that has grown substantially in the city of Los Angeles. The characteristics of street art involve a mix of graffiti subculture and the scale of Mexican muralism. Yet, ephemeral street art may have found an apposite home in Las Vegas, the land of blow up and tear down, a destination for a transient population. In Los Angeles, street art is part of a long history of murals on walls, a mix of styles trying to coexist as separate communities of thought. In Las Vegas, street art is a visiting voice in a town filled with temporary residents. This visual essay highlights the importance of visual inquiry for engaging these complicated landscapes.
António Reis e Margarida Cordeiro, cineastas excêntricos
Authors: Neves Lucas Tavares 
Published: March 2016

Realizou-se a 3 e 4 de junho de 2015, em Paris, o colóquio "António Reis e Margarida Cordeiro, cineastas excêntricos", em que foram discutidos aspectos políticos, sociais e poéticos da cinematografia do duo, assim como as reverberações desta na produção portuguesa das décadas seguintes.
Applied Linguistics in the Middle East World
Authors: Al-Shamayleh Tamaur Sulayman 
Published: March 2016

<p>For the last century, and after the Middle East culture’s invade most important countries on the world map, through industry, education; internet participation and other significant aspects. One matter connects the Middle East to the other parts of the world which is “language”. Language learning might seem pretty easy; however, compresence it deeply with all expression used is sort of difficult mission. Linguistics role has appeared to solve this issue by conveying all phrases not only with their accurate meaning but also with the senses they cover. </p>