bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le rire interdit: portraits d’hommes d’Église chez Fielding, Smollett, Sterne et Goldsmith
Authors: Millet Baudouin 
Published: August 2016

L’ecclésiastique est une figure centrale du roman anglais du xviiie siècle, que ce soit comme théoricien du rire ou comme personnage confronté au rire des autres. Les auteurs de sermons latitudinaires tels qu’Isaac Barrow dressèrent les limites entre le rire légitime et recevable, fondé sur l’idée du ridicule, et les formes plus subversives de rire, dont les cibles sont les bossus et les boiteux moqués dans les jestbooks, ainsi que les « personnes de haute dignité » (Barrow). Des romanciers tels que Fielding, Smollett, Sterne et Goldsmith explorent des situations narratives dans lesquelles des hommes d’Église sont confrontés à un rire de dérision, non pas tant pour satisfaire une animosité personnelle et anticléricale que pour explorer les limites d’un humour qui, bien souvent, joue avec les interdits moraux. Chacun de ces romanciers propose son propre traitement du topos du prêtre moqué, en allant de la représentation théâtrale dans un récit à la troisième personne jusqu’à l’introspection dans un récit à la première personne, en ayant toujours soin, paradoxalement, de préserver la dignité de la profession.
“Against the spleen”: Tristram Shandy, Jest-books and Treatment for Melancholy
Authors: Holden Charlotte 
Published: August 2016

Lorsque Tristram affirme que son ouvrage est écrit « contre le spleen », on devine le scepticisme de Sterne. Ce scepticisme ironique ne remet pourtant pas en question l’affirmation de Tristram: il participe en réalité à sa réalisation. En replaçant Tristram Shandy dans le contexte de ses sources, notamment les textes médicaux contemporains, les sermons de Sterne, l’Anatomie de la mélancolie de Burton et les recueils de plaisanterie du xviiie siècle, on peut voir que Sterne invite le lecteur à participer à une forme de rire sceptique, qui vise à procurer une consolation philosophique face à la mélancolie.
A Patch-work Screen : la preuve par le manuscrit
Authors: Lacroix Constance 
Published: August 2016

Dix ans après Love Intrigues, un fluide récit autobiographique, la polygraphe jacobite Jane Barker publie en 1723 A Patch-Work Screen for the Ladies, suite de son autobiographie romancée, désormais insérée dans un fantaisiste récit cadre et émaillée de reprises de ses poèmes antérieurs, ostensiblement présentés comme des manuscrits. Ce faisant, elle poursuit la tâche de chroniqueuse-propagandiste des Stuarts qu’elle s’est assignée durant un long exil à Saint Germain-en-Laye. Alors que la polémique autour de Robinson Crusoë en 1719 hypothèque le récit autobiographique, la mise en abyme du manuscrit, texte soustrait à la diffusion commerciale, permet à Jane Barker de créer un dispositif d’authentification fondé sur les connivences sociologiques et idéologiques de l’élite conservatrice au lendemain de la « Bulle » des Mers du Sud.
<b>Forage mass and nutritive value of bermuda grass mixed to forage peanut or common vetch
Authors: Olivo Clair Jorge , Santos Juliano Costa dos , Quatrin Maurício Pase , Simonetti Gabriela Descovi , Seibt Daiane Cristine , Diehl Michelle Schalemberg 
Published: August 2016

Three pasture-based systems (PS) with bermuda grass (BG) + forage peanut + 75 kg of N ha-1; BG + common vetch + 75 kg of N ha-1 and BG + 150 kg of N ha-1 were evaluated. Lactating Holstein cows were used for evaluation and the experimental design was completely randomized. Forage mass, botanical and structural composition, daily dry matter accumulation rate and stocking rate were evaluated. Samples were collected by hand-plucking method to analyze crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), (ISDMD), in situ organic matter digestibility (ISOMD) and total digestible nutrients (TDN). Average forage production and stocking rate were 13.8; 15.3 and 16.1 t ha-1 and 5.6; 6.4 and 5.5 UA ha-1 day-1 for PS respectively. Average CP and NDF were 16.4; 22.2 and 15.3%; 68.3; 65.7 and 66.3%; for ISDMD, ISOMD and TDN were 68.5; 70.3 and 66.4%; 64.3; 63.2 and 65.3%; 57.3; 58.3 and 57.5%, for PS respectively. Best results were reported on bermuda grass mixed with common vetch.
Characterization of Lamprey BAFF-like Gene: Evolutionary Implications
Authors: Das Sabyasachi , Sutoh Yoichi , Hirano Masayuki , Han Qifeng , Li Jianxu , Cooper Max D. , Herrin Brantley R. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
BAFF (TNF superfamily [TNFSF] 13B/Blys) and APRIL (TNFSF13) are important regulatory factors for lymphocyte activation and survival in mammals. A BAFF/APRIL-like relative called BAFF- and APRIL-like molecule (BALM) has also been identified in cartilaginous and bony fishes, and we report in this study a BAFF-like gene in lampreys. Our phylogenetic analysis of these genes and a related TNFSF12 gene called TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) suggest that, whereas an ancestral homolog of BAFF and APRIL was already present in a common ancestor of jawed and jawless vertebrates, TWEAK evolved early on in the jawed vertebrate lineage. Like mammalian BAFF and APRIL, the lamprey BAFF-like gene is expressed in T-like, B-like, and innate immune cells. The predicted protein encoded by this BAFF-like gene in lampreys exhibits higher sequence similarity with mammalian BAFF than APRIL. Correspondingly, we find BAFF orthologs in all of the jawed vertebrate representatives that we examined, although APRIL and/or BALM orthologs are not identifiable in certain jawed vertebrates. For example, BALM is not identifiable in tetrapods, and APRIL is not identifiable in several bony fishes or in birds, the latter of which also lack a TWEAK-like gene. Our analysis further suggests that a hybrid molecule called TWE-PRIL, which is a product of an in-genomic fusion between APRIL and TWEAK genes evolved early in mammalian evolution.
Resolvin E1 Reverses Experimental Periodontitis and Dysbiosis
Authors: Lee Chun-Teh , Teles Ricardo , Kantarci Alpdogan , Chen Tsute , McCafferty Jon , Starr Jacqueline R. , Brito Luciana Carla Neves , Paster Bruce J. , Van Dyke Thomas E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Periodontitis is a biofilm-induced inflammatory disease characterized by dysbiosis of the commensal periodontal microbiota. It is unclear how natural regulation of inflammation affects the periodontal biofilm. Promoters of active resolution of inflammation, including resolvin E1 (RvE1), effectively treat inflammatory periodontitis in animal models. The goals of this study were 1) to compare periodontal tissue gene expression in different clinical conditions, 2) to determine the impact of local inflammation on the composition of subgingival bacteria, and 3) to understand how inflammation impacts these changes. Two clinically relevant experiments were performed in rats: prevention and treatment of ligature-induced periodontitis with RvE1 topical treatment. The gingival transcriptome was evaluated by RNA sequencing of mRNA. The composition of the subgingival microbiota was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing. Periodontitis was assessed by bone morphometric measurements and histomorphometry of block sections. H&E and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining were used to characterize and quantify inflammatory changes. RvE1 treatment prevented bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis. Osteoclast density and inflammatory cell infiltration in the RvE1 groups were lower than those in the placebo group. RvE1 treatment reduced expression of inflammation-related genes, returning the expression profile to one more similar to health. Treatment of established periodontitis with RvE1 reversed bone loss, reversed inflammatory gene expression, and reduced osteoclast density. Assessment of the rat subgingival microbiota after RvE1 treatment revealed marked changes in both prevention and treatment experiments. The data suggest that modulation of local inflammation has a major role in shaping the composition of the subgingival microbiota.
NK Cell Responses to Human Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infection
Authors: Blom Kim , Braun Monika , Pakalniene Jolita , Lunemann Sebastian , Enqvist Monika , Dailidyte Laura , Schaffer Marie , Lindquist Lars , Mickiene Aukse , Michaëlsson Jakob , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Gredmark-Russ Sara 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a flavivirus that is transferred to humans by infected ticks. The virus causes tick-borne encephalitis, a severe infection of the CNS with a high risk for long-lasting sequelae. Currently, no treatment exists for the disease. Understanding the cellular immune response to this infection is important to gain further understanding into the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of the disease. NK cells are known to participate in the control of viral infections. We performed a longitudinal analysis of the human NK cell response to TBEV infection in a cohort of infected individuals from the onset of severe clinical symptoms to the convalescence phase. NK cell activation, as measured by expression of Ki67, was apparent at the time of hospitalization. By 3 wk after hospitalization, it decreased to levels seen in healthy controls. Concomitant with the increase in NK cell activation, augmented levels of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, IFN-γ, and TNF were detected in patient plasma. This TBEV-induced NK cell activation was restricted predominantly to differentiated CD57+CD56dim NK cells. Functionally, CD56dim NK cells responded poorly to target cells at the time of hospitalization, but they recovered functional capacity to control levels during the convalescent phase. In contrast, the responsiveness of NK cells to cytokine stimulation remained intact throughout the disease. These findings demonstrate that NK cells respond to TBEV infection with characteristics that are distinct from those of other human viral infections and provide insights into the NK cell response to clinical TBEV infection.
Management del paziente con diarrea, nausea e vomito, malnutrizione e malattia celiaca: lo stato dell'arte
Authors: Gnerre P. , Attardo T.M. , FADOI Giovani A nome del Gruppo 
Published: August 2016

<p class="titolo"><img src="/public/site/images/pgranata/rass.jpg" alt="" /></p><p style="color: #339966;"><strong><strong>MANAGEMENT DEL PAZIENTE CON DIARREA, NAUSEA E VOMITO: DALLE EVIDENZE ALLA PRATICA CLINICA</strong></strong></p><p><strong>La gestione del paziente con diarrea: razionale e obiettivi<br /></strong><em>T.M. Attardo, C. Quarneti, R. Menichella, E. Romualdi</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong><strong>La gestione del paziente con </strong></strong><strong>nausea e vomito</strong><strong><strong>: razionale e obiettivi<br /></strong></strong><em>T.M. Attardo, R. Menichella, C. Quarneti, E. Romualdi</em></p><p style="color: #339966;"><strong><strong><br /></strong></strong></p><p style="color: #339966;"><strong><strong>MALNUTRIZIONE E MALATTIA CELIACA: LO STATO DELL’ARTE</strong></strong></p><p><strong>La gestione del paziente con malnutrizione: </strong><strong>dalle evidenze alla pratica clinica<br /></strong><em>S. Ciarla, M. Poggiano, P. Gnerre, F. Risaliti, L. Magni, L. Morbidoni, </em><em>A. Maffettone, A. Paradiso, M. Rondana, A. Schimizzi, R. Risicato</em></p><p><strong>La gestione del paziente con malattia celiaca: razionale e obiettivi<br /></strong><em>T.M. Attardo, E. Magnani, C. Casati, D. Cavalieri, P. Crispino, F. Fascì Spurio, </em><em>S. De Carli, D. Tirotta, P. Gnerre</em></p>
Realisering van grondwettelijke sociale grondrechten; wetgever, ubi est?
Authors: van Sasse van Ysselt P.B.C.D.F. 
Published: August 2016

Realisering van grondwettelijke sociale grondrechten; wetgever, ubi est?
Bij de grondwetsherziening van 1983 zijn sociale grondrechten in de Grondwet opgenomen. Van een aantal onderwerpen, als werkgelegenheid, volksgezondheid en leefmilieu, is toen vastgesteld dat zij een ‘voorwerp van zorg’ van de overheid zijn. Zij leggen inspanningsverplichtingen op aan de overheid. In deze bijdrage staat de vraag centraal of, en zo ja op welke wijze, de wetgever gevolg heeft gegeven aan de grondwettelijk verankerde sociaal grondrechtelijke zorgplichten, alsmede welke consequenties uit de desbetreffende bevindingen kunnen worden getrokken. De bijdrage is aldus een eerste aanzet voor een evaluatieonderzoek naar de gevolgen van de introductie van sociale grondrechten voor de wetgevingspraktijk. Het lijkt erop dat deze gevolgen gering zijn. Het lijkt er echter ook op dat het belang van sociale grondrechten wel toeneemt en dat dit voornamelijk wordt gestimuleerd door andere actoren dan de wetgever zelf.
Hoe ontstaan wetgevingsblunders?
Authors: Spiertz M.M. 
Published: August 2016

Hoe ontstaan wetgevingsblunders?
Dit artikel geeft een samenvatting van en oordeel over het boek The Blunders of our Governments, waarin diverse casus worden geanalyseerd en factoren opgesomd die de Britse kabinetten vatbaarder maakten voor (wetgevings)blunders. Het gaat enerzijds om menselijke factoren, zoals groepsdenken, culturele wereldvreemdheid en een kloof tussen beleidsmakers en uitvoerders. Anderzijds betreft het systeemkenmerken van het Britse stelsel, waaronder een gebrek aan individuele afrekenbaarheid, de zwakke punten uit het parlementaire proces en een gebrek aan beraadslaging.
Amfibiewetten
Authors: Borman T.C. 
Published: August 2016

Amfibiewetten
Een amfibiewet is een wet met een gemengd karakter: deels rijkswet, deels ‘gewone’ Nederlandse wet. Deze bijdrage gaat daar nader op in, na een bespreking van twee daarmee samenhangende kwesties: het wijzigen van een rijkswet via een ‘gewone’ Nederlandse wet en het wijzigen van een ‘gewone’ Nederlandse wet via een rijkswet. Enkele praktijkgevallen – of zo men wil legislatieve bedrijfsongevalletjes – laten zien dat het doorgronden van de verschillen tussen rijkswetten en ‘gewone’ Nederlandse wetten niet steeds eenvoudig is.
Novel Polycarbonates via Phosgenation of Unsaturated Diols
Authors: Al-Muaikel Nayef S. 
Published: August 2016

A new interesting class of linear unsaturated polycarbonates based on methyl- cyclohexanone and 4-tert. butyl- cyclohexanone moieties has been synthesized. An interfacial phosgenation technique carried out at ambient temperature was used for the synthesis of these polycarbonates. The resulting polycarbonates were characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses, viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis measurements. All the polycarbonates were soluble in polar solvents like dimethylsulphoxide and sulphuric acid. The crystallinity of some selected polycarbonates was examined by X-ray analysis. In addition, the morphology of selected examples of the polycarbonates was examined by scanning electron microscopy.
Annealing of p-type wide-gap CuxZnyS thin films deposited by the photochemical deposition method
Authors: Tong Bayingaerdi , Ichimura Masaya 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Zn-rich Cu
x
Zn
y
S is a transparent p-type semiconductor. We prepared Cu
x
Zn
y
S thin films by the photochemical deposition method and investigated changes in their properties due to annealing. The sample before annealing was amorphous, and its composition was

. The band gap was estimated to be about 3.5 eV by optical transmission measurement. P-type conductivity was confirmed by the photoelectrochemical measurement. After annealing at 400 °C for 1 h, the formation of the ZnS phase was observed by X-ray diffraction measurement. Although the band gap did not change significantly, the conduction type became close to intrinsic.
Quality Characteristics of Nutri-fried Noodles Made from Sweet Potato Tubers and Tops Ipomea batatas
Authors: De Jesus Geraldine F. , Dicen Shirley G. , Jarque Maria Crisanta M. 
Published: August 2016

Noodles made from sweet potato can be a healthier alternative to commercially produced ones since it is rich in vitamins and minerals. The product has no artificial preservatives, and the sweetness of its taste comes naturally from the sugar content of the Camote tubers. The project is the second phase of a study on the development of nutri-noodles made from the tubers and tops of sweet potato. The study determined the physicochemical and microbial analysis and shelf-life of the product and verify its acceptability through quantitative testing. The sample was submitted to Department of Science and Technology Region V for analysis and the results were: 6.53% moisture, 0.13% free fatty acids and <150 CFU/g of yeast and mold count. Moreover, nutrition facts were also computed, Calories is 231, Total Fat= 4%, Cholesterol= 0%, Sodium= 4%, Total Carbohydrate= 6%, Dietary Fiber= 28%, Magnesium =13% and Vitamin B6= 12%. The shelf-life of the product is six months stored at room temperature. The Nutri-fried noodles were served with vegetable toppings, and as rated by the panelists the result was liked very much. After analyzing the quality characteristics of the product, it is recommended that the sample is ready for production and marketing.
Internal tide oceanic tomography
Authors: Zhao Zhongxiang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA concept of internal tide oceanic tomography (ITOT) is proposed to monitor ocean warming on a global scale. ITOT is similar to acoustic tomography, but that work waves are internal tides. ITOT detects ocean temperature changes by precisely measuring travel time changes of long‐range propagating internal tides. The underlying principle is that upper ocean warming strengthens ocean stratification and thus increases the propagation speed of internal tides. This concept is inspired by recent advances in observing internal tides by satellite altimetry. In particular, a plane wave fit method can separately resolve multiple internal tidal waves and thus accurately determines the phase of each wave. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of ITOT. In the eastern tropical Pacific, the yearly time series of travel time changes of the M2 internal tide is closely correlated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation index. In the North Atlantic, significant interannual variations and bidecadal trends are observed and consistent with the changes in ocean heat content measured by Argo floats. ITOT offers a long‐term, cost‐effective, environmentally friendly technique for monitoring global ocean warming. Future work is needed to quantify the accuracy of this technique.
Electron flux dropouts at Geostationary Earth Orbit: Occurrences, magnitudes, and main driving factors
Authors: Boynton R. J. , Mourenas D. , Balikhin M. A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLarge decreases of daily average electron flux, or dropouts, were investigated for a range of energies from 24.1 keV to 2.7 MeV, on the basis of a large database of 20 years of measurements from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) geosynchronous satellites. Dropouts were defined as flux decreases by at least a factor 4 in 1 day, or a factor 9 in 2 days during which a decrease by at least a factor of 2.5 must occur each day. Such decreases were automatically identified. As a first result, a comprehensive statistics of the mean waiting time between dropouts and of their mean magnitude has been provided as a function of electron energy. Moreover, the Error Reduction Ratio analysis was applied to explore the possible nonlinear relationships between electron dropouts and various exogenous factors, such as solar wind and geomagnetic indices. Different dropout occurrences and magnitudes were found in three distinct energy ranges, lower than 100 keV, 100–600 keV, and larger than 600 keV, corresponding to different groups of drivers and loss processes. Potential explanations have been outlined on the basis of the statistical results.
Model representations of aerosol layers transported from North America over the Atlantic Ocean during the Two‐Column Aerosol Project
Authors: Fast Jerome D. , Berg Larry K. , Zhang Kai , Easter Richard C. , Ferrare Richard A. , Hair Johnathan W. , Hostetler Chris A. , Liu Ying , Ortega Ivan , Sedlacek Arthur , Shilling John E. , Shrivastava Manish , Springston Stephen R. , Tomlinson Jason M. , Volkamer Rainer , Wilson Jacqueline , Zaveri Rahul A. , Zelenyuk Alla 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry (WRF‐Chem) version 3.7 and the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.3 (CAM5) in simulating profiles of aerosol properties is quantified using extensive in situ and remote sensing measurements from the Two‐Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) conducted during July of 2012. TCAP was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program and was designed to obtain observations within two atmospheric columns; one fixed over Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and the other several hundred kilometers over the ocean. The performance is quantified using most of the available aircraft and surface measurements during July, and 2 days are examined in more detail to identify the processes responsible for the observed aerosol layers. The higher‐resolution WRF‐Chem model produced more aerosol mass in the free troposphere than the coarser‐resolution CAM5 model so that the fraction of aerosol optical thickness above the residual layer from WRF‐Chem was more consistent with lidar measurements. We found that the free troposphere layers are likely due to mean vertical motions associated with synoptic‐scale convergence that lifts aerosols from the boundary layer. The vertical displacement and the time period associated with upward transport in the troposphere depend on the strength of the synoptic system and whether relatively high boundary layer aerosol concentrations are present where convergence occurs. While a parameterization of subgrid scale convective clouds applied in WRF‐Chem modulated the concentrations of aerosols aloft, it did not significantly change the overall altitude and depth of the layers.
The extended nasoseptal flap for coverage of large cranial base defects
Authors: Bassett Ethan , Farag Alexander , Iloreta Alfred , Farrell Christopher , Evans James , Rosen Marc , Singh Ameet , Nyquist Gurston 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe nasoseptal flap (NSF) is commonly used to repair skull base defects via a transnasal endoscopic approach. The original description of the technique includes 2 parallel incisions that follow the sagittal plane of the septum. We describe a novel modification to the traditional NSF that allows coverage along the posterior wall of the frontal sinus.MethodsIn addition to the 2 sagittal incisions, a third incision is made between these coursing along the maxillary crest from the posterior edge to the midportion of the flap. This provides an extension that can be rotated further anteriorly. We report 4 adult patients with skull base defects too large and anterior to cover with a traditional NSF, on whom we successfully reconstructed with the extended flap. We also performed the technique on six cadaver heads (11 flaps) to provide average measurements of the extension.ResultsOur patients were successfully repaired with maintained flap survival. We were able to achieve an average of 1.9 cm, or 26.8%, of additional length on the cadaveric study.ConclusionThe relaxing incision described here creates a flap that allows for reconstruction of a larger range of skull base defects.