bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mediation Analysis of Childhood Maltreatment and Suicidal Behavior among Patients with Depressive or Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Aaltonen K. , Rosenström T. , Baryshnikov I. , Karpov B. , Melartin T. , Näätänen P. , Heikkinen M. , Koivisto M. , Suominen K. , Joffe G. , Isometsä E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSubstantial evidence supports association between childhood maltreatment and suicidal behaviour, however, a limited number of studies have examined psychological mechanisms mediating the relationship among patients with mood disorders.ObjectiveTo investigate directly the potential intermediating mechanisms between childhood maltreatment and suicidal behaviour among patients with mood disorders.AimsWe examine by formal mediation analyses, if:– the effect of childhood maltreatment on suicidal behaviour is mediated through borderline personality disorder traits;– the mediation effect differs between lifetime suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide attempts.MethodsDepressive disorder and bipolar disorder (ICD-10-DCR) patients (n = 287) from the Helsinki university psychiatric consortium (HUPC) Study were surveyed on self-reported childhood experiences, current depressive symptoms, borderline personality disorder traits and lifetime suicidal behaviour. Psychiatric records served to complement the information on suicide attempts.ResultsThe influence of childhood maltreatment on lifetime suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide attempts showed comparable total effects. In formal mediation analyses, borderline personality disorder traits mediated all of the total effect of childhood maltreatment on lifetime suicide attempts, but only 21% of the total effect on lifetime suicide ideation. The mediation effect was stronger for lifetime suicide attempts compared to ideation (P = 0.002) and independent of current depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe mechanisms of the effect of childhood maltreatment on suicidal ideation and attempts may diverge among psychiatric patients with mood disorders. Borderline personality disorder traits may contribute to these mechanisms, although the influence appears considerably stronger for suicide attempts than for suicide ideation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Incidence and Predictors of Suicide Attempts in Bipolar I and II Disorders: A Five-year Follow-up
Authors: Pallaskorpi S. , Suominen K. , Ketokivi M. , Valtonen H. , Arvilommi P. , Mantere O. , Leppämäki S. , Isometsä E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAlthough suicidal behavior is very common in bipolar disorder (BD), few long-term studies have investigated incidence and risk factors of suicide attempts (SAs) specifically related to illness phases of BD.ObjectivesWe examined incidence of SAs during different phases of BD in a long-term prospective cohort of bipolar I (BD-I) and II (BD-II) patients and risk factors specifically for SAs during major depressive episodes (MDEs).MethodsIn the Jorvi bipolar study (JoBS), 191 BD-I and BD-II patients were followed using life-chart methodology. Prospective information on SAs of 177 patients (92.7%) during different illness phases was available up to five years. Incidence of SAs and their predictors were investigated using logistic and Poisson regression models. Analyses of risk factors for SAs occurring during MDEs were conducted using two-level random-intercept logistic regression models.ResultsDuring the five-year follow-up, 90 SAs per 718 patient-years occurred. Compared with euthymia the incidence was highest, over 120-fold, during mixed states (765/1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 461–1269]) and also very high in MDEs, almost 60-fold (354/1000 [95%CI 277–451]). For risk of SAs during MDEs, the duration of MDEs, severity of depression and cluster C personality disorders were significant predictors.ConclusionsIn this long-term study, the highest incidences of SAs occurred in mixed phases and MDEs. The variations in incidence rates between euthymia and illness phases were remarkably large, suggesting that the question “when” rather than “who” may be more relevant for suicide risk in BD. However, risk during MDEs is likely also influenced by personality factors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Impact of Mental Factor as an Indicator of the Population State of Health
Authors: Vasileva A. , Neznanov N. 
Published: June 2017

In the framework of biopsychosocial model of health and pathology that is nowadays widely recognized in the different fields of modern medicine the mind, building the core of personality and the brain as the central regulatory organ play an essential role in the interdisciplinary approach to somatic illnesses. It is a common knowledge that comorbid anxiety and depression disorders can influence the course of various somatic illnesses and worsen their prognosis. We also have evidence-based studies that depression for example is an independent risk factor of heart infarct onset. On the other hand, we observe the somatization of clinical picture of mental disorders, the increase of atypical forms manifesting through pain or other somatic syndromes that leads to the increase of mental illnesses in the primary care. The research of common pathways of mental and somatic pathology should be the subject of further interdisciplinary research programs. The other issue is the patient's compliance that plays in important role in the success of every kind of treatment. Personality traits and status of mental health can influence ones attitude to illness as well as motivation to therapy. We cannot assess the population state of health without taking into consideration the evaluation of mental status as well as such definitions like subjective well being, life quality and stigmatization.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Efficacy and Safety of Lurasidone in Adolescent Patients with Schizophrenia: Results of Functional and Quality of Life Measures from a 6-week, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study
Authors: Findling R. , Goldman R. , Cucchiaro J. , Deng L. , Loebel A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionLurasidone, an atypical antipsychotic, demonstrated efficacy and safety in adults with schizophrenia.Objective/AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of lurasidone in adolescent patients with schizophrenia.MethodsAdolescents (13–17 years old) with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to six weeks of double-blind treatment with lurasidone 37 mg/day, 74 mg/day or placebo. An ANCOVA using an LOCF approach was performed to assess change from baseline on secondary study endpoints: Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q) and Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS).ResultsPatients were randomized to lurasidone 37 mg/d (n = 108), 74 mg/day (n = 106), or placebo (n = 112). Placebo-adjusted LS mean improvement at week 6 on the PQ-LES-Q was 5.3 (P = 0.001) and 5.8 (P < 0.001) for the 37 mg/day and 74 mg/day groups, respectively; and, on the CGAS was 4.6 (P = 0.002) and 4.9 (P < 0.001) for the 37 mg/day and 74 mg/d groups, respectively. The most common adverse events occurring at ≥ 5% in either lurasidone group and at least twice the rate of placebo were: nausea, somnolence, akathisia, vomiting and sedation. Mean change in weight at week 6 for placebo, 37 mg/day, and 74 mg/day groups was 0.05 kg, 0.17 kg, and 0.49 kg, respectively. Lurasidone treated patients did not show clinically meaningful differences from placebo on laboratory measures of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and prolactin.ConclusionsAdolescent patients with schizophrenia treated with lurasidone demonstrated significant improvement in quality of life and function. Lurasidone was generally well-tolerated and associated with minimal changes in weight and metabolic parameters. Sponsored by Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01911429.Disclosure of interestDr. Findling receives or has received research support, acted as a consultant and/or served on a speaker's bureau for Alcobra, American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, American Physician Institute, American Psychiatric Press, Bracket, CogCubed, Cognition Group, Coronado Biosciences, Dana Foundation, Elsevier, Forest, Guilford Press, Ironshore, Johns Hopkins University Press, Jubilant Clinsys, KemPharm, Lundbeck, Merck, NIH, Neurim, Novartis, Otsuka, Oxford University Press, Pfizer, Physicians Postgraduate Press, Purdue, Rhodes Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Sage, Shire, Sunovion, Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Transcept Pharmaceuticals, Tris, Validus, and WebMD. Drs. Goldman, Cucchiaro, Deng, and Loebel are employees of Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Association Between Two Single-nucleotide Polymorphism of TAAR1 Gene and Suicide Attempts
Authors: Zdanowicz A. , Sakowicz A. , Kusidel E. , Wierzbinski P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionTAAR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed broadly throughout the brain. Recently, TAAR1 has been demonstrated to be an important modulator of the dopaminergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic activity.AimsAssessment of the relation between two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of TAAR1 gene, suicide attempts and alcohol abuse.MethodsA total of 150 Polish patients were included, 59 subjects after suicide attempt vs. 91 controls. The chosen SNPs (rs759733834 and rs9402439) were studied using RFLP-PCR methods. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested in control group.Statistical testsChi2 or Yeates Chi2 Test were used.ResultsThe mean age of study subjects and controls was: 38 ± 12.3 and 42 ± 12.8 respectively; 49% study males vs. 54% male controls. We did not observe the association between the carriage of the genotypes GG, GA and AA of rs759733834 polymorphisms in either of the groups. The distribution of genotypes in respect to rs9402439 polymorphism (CC, CG, GG) was also insignificant. Among patients with alcohol dependence, the frequency G allele of rs9402439 polymorphism was lower compared to non-addicted ones (27 vs. 47%) P < 0.01.ConclusionsTAAR1 polymorphisms rs759733834 and rs9402439 are not related to suicide attempts. The carriage of allele G of rs9402439 polymorphism is related to lower risk of alcohol addiction OR 0.40 95%Cl 0.20–0.81. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the TAAR1 receptor and the risk of suicide and it might offer a new insight into genetic etiology of TAAR1 receptor.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Functioning in Schizophrenia: Similarities and Differences Between Clinical, Patient and Expert Perspectives
Authors: Barrios M. , Guilera G. , Pino O. , Rojo E. , Wright S. , Gómez-Benito J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) created the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to offer a comprehensive and universally accepted framework to describe functioning, disability and health. The ICF Core Sets (ICF-CS) are a selection of categories that serve as a minimal standard for the assessment of functioning and disability in a specific health condition. The ICF-CS for schizophrenia was created in 2015 based on four preliminary studies that intend to capture different perspectives.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to describe the similarities (i.e. overlap) and discrepancies (i.e. unique contribution) between the clinical, patient and expert perspectives on the most relevant problems in functioning of individuals with schizophrenia, being focused on the European WHO region.MethodsForty-four experts from 14 European countries participated in an expert survey, patients with schizophrenia were involved in four focus groups, and health professionals assessed 127 patients in relation to daily life functioning. Information gathered from these three preliminary studies was linked to the ICF.ResultsData showed that although a considerable number of second-level ICF categories agreed on the three preparatory studies (n = 54, 27.7%), each perspective provided a unique set of ICF categories. Specifically, experts reported 65 unique ICF categories, patients 23 and health professionals 11.ConclusionsEven though there were similarities between perspectives, each one underlined different areas of functioning, showing the importance of including different perspectives in order to get a complete view of functioning and disability in individuals with schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Does depression explain poor effort on Symptom Validity Tests (SVT)?
Authors: De Jonghe J. , Schoemaker T. , Meyer S. , Lam D. 
Published: June 2017

Background and aimsValid assessments require sufficient effort from the part of the testee. Motivation may be compromised, particularly in psychiatric conditions. We examined associations between response bias on free recall and self-reported symptoms in depressed and PTSD patients.Participants and methodsThis is a cross-sectional study. Patients had depression (n = 48), or PTSD or other anxiety disorders (n = 37). A control group (n = 47%) had chronic pain disorder, fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue. The Green Word Memory Test (GWMT) was administered to all subjects. The Structured Inventory of Malingered. Symptomatology (SIMS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) were administered in subsamples. Study outcome was self-reported depressive symptoms in Symptom Validity Test (SVT) negative cases.ResultsAverage age of the participants was 45.1 years (SD 9.5), 48.5% were female. GWMT was positive in 52.3% of all cases, GWMT and SIMS were positive in 33.8%, and GWMT and SIMS were negative in 37.7%. No significant group effects on GWMT were found. Average BDI-II scores were 32.8 (SD 13.9) for depressed patients, 28.3 (15.5) for those with anxiety disorders, and 27.6 (14.1) for controls (P = 0.43). Seventy-eight percent of depressed GWMT negative cases reported at least moderate depressive symptoms (BDI-II > 18), and 44.4% severe symptoms (BDI-II > 29). Approximately half of the GWMT negative cases with anxiety disorders and controls scored BDI-II > 18.ConclusionsNon credible test performance is prevalent in disability claimants with affective, mood disorders. However, depressive symptoms per se do not explain poor effort on cognitive tasks.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The relationship of social phobia and personality characters in colleague students
Authors: Mokhtaree M. , Aghamohammad Hasani P. 
Published: June 2017

Social anxiety disorder, pervasive and debilitating disorder with a high rate that affects many aspects of human life. The aim of the study was to assess the relation between social phobia and personality traits of Rafsanjan University of medical sciences students. By using Cochran formula and random stratified sampling, 284 person of Rafsanjan University of medical sciences students selected. Participants responded to questions of the NEO Personality and Social Phobia questionnaire. Data analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and regression. Among the individuals, 11.6% had severe social phobia and 4.6% very severe. The relationship between social phobia and neuroticism was reversed and significant and other personality characters were significantly. Neuroticism and openness predicted social phobia significantly. The academic courses in terms of social phobia had not different with them but there were significant differences in the character of personality. It seems that dimensions of personality associated with Social phobia and be able to explain it.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Duloxetine augmentation in resistant obsessive compulsive disorder: Surveying a new medication for challenges in treatment of OCD
Authors: Mowla A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionUp to 50% of patients with OCD have failed to respond in SSRI trials, so looking for pharmacological alternatives in treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) seems necessary.ObjectivesSurveying duloxetine augmentation in treatment of resistant OCD.AimsStudy the effects of serotonin-norepinephrine enhancers for treatment of OCD.MethodsThis augmentation trial was designed as an 8-week randomized controlled, double blind study. Forty-six patients suffering from OCD who had failed to respond to at least 12 weeks of treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine, citalopram or fluvoxamine) were randomly allocated to receive duloxetine or sertraline plus their current anti OCD treatment. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was the primary outcome measure.ResultsForty-six patients (24 of 30 in duloxetine group and 22 of 27 in sertraline group) completed the trial. Both groups showed improvement over the 8-week study period (mean Y-BOCS total score at week 8 as compared with baseline: P < 0.001 and P < 0.001) without significant difference (P = 0.861). Those receiving duloxetine plus their initial medications experienced a mean decrease of 33.0% in Y-BOCS score and the patients with sertraline added to their initial medication experienced a mean decrease of 34.5% in Y-BOCS.ConclusionsOur double blind controlled clinical trial showed duloxetine to be as effective as sertraline in reducing obsessive and compulsive symptoms in resistant OCD patients. However, it needs to be noted that our study is preliminary and larger double blind placebo controlled studies are necessary to confirm the results.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Contribution for the Portuguese validation of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21): Comparison between dimensional models in a sample of students
Authors: Xavier S. , João Martins M. , Pereira A.T. , Paula Amaral A. , João Soares M. , Roque C. , Macedo A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales are widely used in clinical and non-clinical populations, both in research and clinical settings. The need for briefer but valid and reliable instruments has motivated the reduction of the original 42-item scale to a short 21-version. On Portuguese samples, Pais-Ribeiro et al. (2004) found that the original 3-factor solution (stress, anxiety and depression) explained 50.35% of the variance and in an exploratory analysis; Xavier et al. (2015) presented a two factor solution and a modified three-factor solution with a sample of pregnant women, both with adequate factors’ reliability (< 0.70) and explaining above 50% of the variance.AimsBased on the previous results of factor analysis with Portuguese samples, the present study aimed to perform confirmatory factor analyses (using Mplus software) to evaluate which dimensional structure best fitted the data.MethodsThe sample comprised 234 students (78.2% female), between 18–26 years old (M = 20.55; SD = 1.66). Eighty-five percent of the participants were on their first three years of college education. Participants filled the Portuguese version of the DASS-21.ResultsOur results showed that the original 3-factor structure had the best model fit [χ2(186) = 475.465, P < 0.05; RMSEA = 0.082, 90% CI = 0.073–0.091; CFI = 0.918; TLI = 0.908; SRMR = 0.05]. Good reliability was found for all subscales (0.92 for stress, 0.87 for anxiety and 0.91 for depression subscale).ConclusionsThe DASS-21 is a reliable instrument that, with student populations, seems to have better performance when used with a 3-factor structure. Further research is needed to confirm this structure in Portuguese clinical samples.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Acupuncture decreases competitive anxiety prior to a competition in young athletes: A randomized controlled trial study
Authors: Zarei Serkani S. , Shayestefar M. , Memari A.H. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAlthough a certain level of competitive anxiety may increase performance, many athletes with anxiety experience uncontrolled negative feelings and cognition that in turn can have overwhelming effects on their performance.ObjectivesIndeed, we aimed to assess the effect of the acupuncture on competitive anxiety in a sample of young football players using physiological biomarkers and subjective anxiety measures.MethodsWe aimed to assess the effect of acupuncture on competitive anxiety of the adolescent football players prior to the competition using psychological and physiological markers. A total of 30 athletes were randomly and equally allocated to either acupuncture or sham control group.ResultsThe results of t-test on posttest scores showed that acupuncture had a significant effect on cognitive anxiety (P = 0.001) and somatic anxiety (P < 0.001) but not self-confidence (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the results showed that acupuncture significantly decreased the skin conductance in acupuncture group compared to sham group (P = 0.006) (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn conclusion, the results suggested that acupuncture have the capacity to decrease cognitive and somatic anxiety prior to competition in adolescent athletes while this was accompanied by significant physiological changes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Valproate used during pregnancy: What should be done?
Authors: Beezhold J.N. , Fagard D. , Harabajiu C. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundSodium valproate can cause serious developmental disorders in unborn babies if taken while pregnant, especially in the first trimester.AimTo review recent literature and advice or treatment for women who have or are using valproate whilst pregnant.DesignLiterature review.MethodsLiterature review using Pubmed with search terms: ‘bipolar’; ‘pregnant’; ‘valproate’ and following up references.ResultsThere are several small methodologically flawed studies that attempt to address this question and will be reprised. Three key population register studies found high rates of malformations. A retrospective study of longer-term outcomes found high rates of developmental issues. There are several relevant treatment guidelines, including from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). There is a 40% risk of developmental disorder, a 10% risk of congenital malformations and a 3% risk of IQ deterioration.ConclusionsAvoid valproate in women of childbearing age if at all possible, and consider effective contraception if used. If already pregnant then consider, with involvement from the patient, stopping or minimizing the dose of sodium valproate. Assess the risks and benefits of using sodium valproate during pregnancy versus stopping the treatment for the first trimester as symptoms of the disorder may return. Seek advice from a perinatal psychiatrist. Add 5 mg of folic acid daily for the remainder of the pregnancy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.