bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Ni‐Fe LDH/GF anode for enhanced Fe(III) regeneration in fuel cell‐assisted chelated‐iron dehydrosulfurization process
Authors: Zhai Lin‐Feng , Mao Hai‐Zhou , Sun Min 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe incorporation of an air‐cathode fuel cell into the chelated iron dehydrosulfurization process realizes simultaneous recovery of electricity and elemental sulfur from H2S. However, the slow oxidation kinetics of chelated Fe(II) in the fuel cell limits the efficiency of such a process.RESULTSA novel Ni–Fe layered double hydroxides/graphite felt (Ni‐Fe LDH/GF) anode is fabricated to speed up the electro‐oxidation of chelated Fe(II). The prepared Ni‐Fe LDH gives a formula of Ni0.68Fe0.32(OH)2(CO3)0.16·yH2O and covers the GF as nano‐scaled hexagonal plate. The Ni‐Fe LDH demonstrates stable catalytic activity towards the electro‐oxidation of Fe(II)‐EDTA, evidenced by the enhanced reaction rate and decreased reaction resistance at LDH modified GF. As a result, the total time for Fe(II)‐EDTA oxidation in the fuel cell reduces significantly from 90 to 50 h when Ni‐Fe LDH/GF composite is used instead of GF, and the coulombic efficiency (CE) of circuit is increased by 53% concomitantly. The catalysis activity of Ni‐Fe LDH is proposed to be due to its anion‐exchange ability for Fe(EDTA)2− and Fe(OH)(EDTA)3−, which benefits the diffusion of the two dominant Fe(II) species onto the electrode surface to perform electro‐oxidation.CONCLUSIONIn summary, the fabricated Ni‐Fe LDH/GF anode material is suitable for enhancing the Fe(III) regeneration in an air‐cathode fuel cell, and can further improve the efficiency of the chelated‐iron dehydrosulfurization process. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Large animal models of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Vink Robert 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAnimal models are essential to gain a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Rodent models of TBI have proven highly valuable with respect to the information they have provided over the years, particularly when it comes to the molecular understanding of injury mechanisms. However, there has been a failure to translate the successes in therapeutic treatment of TBI in rodents, which many believe may be related to their different brain anatomy compared with humans. Specifically, the rodent lissencephalic brain within its bony skull responds differently to injury than a human gyrencephalic brain, particularly from a biomechanical and physiological perspective. There is now far greater interest in developing more clinically relevant, large animal models of TBI so as to enhance the possibility of successful clinical translation. The current mini‐review highlights the differences between lissencephalic and gyrencephalic brains, emphasizing how these differences might impact studies of TBI. Thereafter follows a summary of the different large animal models, with a critical analysis of their strengths and weaknesses.
Coupled effects of salt and pressure on catalytic ability of Rhizopus chinensis lipase
Authors: Chen Gang , Wang Lu , Miao Ming , Jia Chengsheng , Feng Biao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDBoth high pressure and environmental factors could influence the catalytic abilities of enzymes. This work investigated coupled effects of pressure and salts on Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) to provide significant information for its further applications.RESULTSThe maximum activity of RCL was observed under 200 MPa at 40 °C. The highest activity was achieved at concentrations of 0.06–0.1 mol L−1 for tested salts. The effect of monovalent cations on RCL activity followed the Hofmeister series (K+ > Na+ > Li+) at 0.1 MPa but the order of Na+ and K+ was changed under 200 MPa. Meanwhile, the effects of anions did not follow the Hofmeister series. KCl slightly improved the thermostability of RCL at moderate concentration. At 60 °C, LiCl only stabilised RCL at 0.1 mol L−1. The pre‐transition unfolding point was shifted from 4.5 to 3.5 mol L−1 with pressure increasing from 0.1 to 600 MPa. In addition, KCl could not change the lipase's extrinsic fluorescence evolution versus pressure.CONCLUSIONPressure and salts could improve catalytic ability and stability of RCL under appropriate conditions. The effect of high pressure on RCL was influenced by salts. Meanwhile salts cannot prevent high pressure‐induced damage to RCL. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Serum brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and interleukin‐6 response to high‐volume mechanically demanding exercise
Authors: Verbickas Vaidas , Kamandulis Sigitas , Snieckus Audrius , Venckunas Tomas , Baranauskiene Neringa , Brazaitis Marius , Satkunskiene Danguole , Unikauskas Alvydas , Skurvydas Albertas 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study was to follow circulating brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels in response to severe muscle‐damaging exercise. Methods: Young healthy men (N = 10) performed a bout of mechanically demanding stretch–shortening cycle exercise consisting of 200 drop jumps. Voluntary and electrically induced knee extension torque, serum BDNF levels, and IL‐6 levels were measured before and for up to 7 days after exercise. Results: Muscle force decreased by up to 40% and did not recover by 24 hours after exercise. Serum BDNF was decreased 1 hour and 24 hours after exercise, whereas IL‐6 increased immediately and 1 hour after but recovered to baseline by 24 hours after exercise. IL‐6 and 100‐Hz stimulation torque were correlated (r = −0.64, P < 0.05) 24 hours after exercise. Discussion: In response to acute, severe muscle‐damaging exercise, serum BDNF levels decrease, whereas IL‐6 levels increase and are associated with peripheral fatigue. Muscle Nerve 57: E46–E51, 2018
Is the firing rate of motor units in different vastus medialis regions modulated similarly during isometric contractions?
Authors: Cabral Hélio V. , de Souza Leonardo M.L. , Mello Roger G.T. , Gallina Alessio , de Oliveira Liliam F. , Vieira Taian M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Previous evidence suggests the fibers of different motor units reside within distinct vastus medialis (VM) regions. It remains unknown whether the activity of these motor units may be modulated differently. Herein we assess the discharge rate of motor units detected proximodistally from the VM to address this issue. Methods: Surface electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded proximally and distally from the VM while 10 healthy subjects performed isometric contractions. Single motor units were decomposed from surface EMGs. The smoothed discharge rates of motor units identified from the same and from different VM regions were then cross‐correlated. Results: During low‐level contractions, the discharge rate varied more similarly for distal (cross‐correlation peak; interquartile interval: 0.27–0.40) and proximal (0.28–0.52) than for proximodistal pairs of VM motor units (0.20–0.33; P = 0.006). Discussion: The discharge rates of motor units from different proximodistal VM regions show less similarity in their variations than those of pairs of units either distally or proximally. Muscle Nerve 57: 279–286, 2018
Association between wrist ratio and carpal tunnel syndrome: Effect modification by body mass index
Authors: Thiese Matthew S. , Merryweather Andrew , Koric Alzina , Ott Ulrike , Wood Eric M. , Kapellusch Jay , Foster James , Garg Arun , Deckow‐Schaefer Gwen , Tomich Suzanna , Kendall Richard , Drury David L. , Wertsch Jacqueline , Hegmann Kurt T. ,   The Wistah Study Team
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionPrevious studies have reported higher wrist ratios (WR) related to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) but have not assessed effect modification by obesity and may have inadequately controlled for confounders.MethodsBaseline data of a multicenter prospective cohort study were analyzed. CTS was defined by nerve conduction study (NCS) criteria and symptoms.ResultsAmong the 1,206 participants, a square‐shaped wrist was associated with CTS after controlling for confounders (prevalence ratio = 2.27; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.33–3.86). Body mass index (BMI) was a strong effect modifier on the relationship between WR and both CTS and abnormal NCS results, with normal weight strata of rectangular versus square wrists = 8.18 (95% CI, 1.63–49.96) and 7.12 (95% CI, 2.19–23.16), respectively.DiscussionA square wrist is significantly associated with CTS after controlling for confounders. Effect modification by high BMI masked the eightfold magnitude adjusted relationship seen between WR and CTS among normal weight participants. Muscle Nerve 56: 1047–1053, 2017
Local proper generalized decomposition
Authors: Badías Alberto , González David , Alfaro Iciar , Chinesta Francisco , Cueto Elias 
Published: May 2017

SummaryOne of the main difficulties that a reduced‐order method could face is the poor separability of the solution. This problem is common to both a posteriori model order reduction (proper orthogonal decomposition, reduced basis) and a priori [proper generalized decomposition (PGD)] model order reduction. Early approaches to solve it include the construction of local reduced‐order models in the framework of POD. We present here an extension of local models in a PGD—and thus, a priori—context. Three different strategies are introduced to estimate the size of the different patches or regions in the solution manifold where PGD is applied. As will be noticed, no gluing or special technique is needed to deal with the resulting set of local reduced‐order models, in contrast to most proper orthogonal decomposition local approximations.The resulting method can be seen as a sort of a priori manifold learning or nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique. Examples are shown that demonstrate pros and cons of each strategy for different problems.
Obesity and related risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms among Israeli adolescents
Authors: Leiba Adi , Duek Adrian , Afek Arnon , Derazne Estela , Leiba Merav 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveObesity has been associated with various malignancies, but a clear association between overweight and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) has not been established.MethodsThis study assessed the association between adolescent obesity and future risk for MPN. Data on 2,516,256 Israeli adolescents, who underwent a compulsory general health examination at ages 16 to 19, between 1967 and 2011, were linked to the National Cancer Registry in this nationwide, population‐based cohort study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for MPN associated with BMI measured at adolescence.ResultsThe mean follow‐up of 19.86 ± 12.15 years reflected 49,977,521 person years, during which 433 examinees developed MPN, primarily chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera, and essential thrombocythemia. Obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) in adolescence significantly predicted increased risk of MPN with HR (adjusted for sex) of 1.81 (95% confidence interval 1.13‐2.92,P = 0.014).ConclusionsAdolescent obesity might be related to an increased incidence of myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Toll‐like receptor 4 mediates fat, sugar, and umami taste preference and food intake and body weight regulation
Authors: Camandola Simonetta , Mattson Mark P. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveImmune and inflammatory pathways play important roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. This study investigated the role of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) in orosensory detection of dietary lipids and sugars.MethodsTaste preferences of TLR4 knockout (KO) and wild‐type (WT) male mice under a standard and a high‐fat, high‐sugar diet were assessed with two‐bottle tests. Gene expression of taste signaling molecules was analyzed in the tongue epithelium. The role of TLR4 in food intake and weight gain was investigated in TLR4 KO and WT mice fed a high‐fat and high‐sugar diet for 12 weeks.ResultsCompared to WT mice, TLR4 KO mice showed reduced preference for lipids, sugars, and umami in a two‐bottle preference test. The altered taste perception was associated with decreased levels of key taste regulatory molecules in the tongue epithelium. TLR4 KO mice on a high‐fat and high‐sugar diet consumed less food and drink, resulting in diminished weight gain.ConclusionsTLR4 signaling promotes ingestion of sugar and fat by a mechanism involving increased preference for such obesogenic foods.
Mouth examination performance by children's parents and by adolescents in Fanconi anemia
Authors: Pivovar Allana , Furquim Camila Pinheiro , Bonfim Carmem , Torres‐Pereira Cassius Carvalho 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundFanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by increased risk of developing malignant neoplasms, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma. This study aims to ascertain the extent to which adolescents and guardians/parents of children with FA are aware of their oral cancer risks and assess their ability to perform mouth examination (ME).ProcedureA cross‐sectional study was conducted among patients with FA (between 6 and 16 years) and their parents. A total of 45 patients, 19 children and 26 adolescents, participated in the study. Among children less than 12 years of age, caregivers performed ME and adolescents between 12 and 16 years of age performed mouth self‐examination (MSE). All parents were given a self‐reporting questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data, information about health‐related behaviors, and oral cancer awareness. Performance was evaluated using criteria for mucosal visualization and retracting ability. Subsequently, a dentist clinically examined all patient participants.ResultsPerformance evaluation indicated that the examination quality was unsatisfactory in both groups. Statistical significance was found between ability to perform ME by marital status (P < 0.036), where divorced parents had more difficulty performing ME than nondivorced parents.ConclusionOral mucosa surveillance performed by parents and adolescents seems to be inaccurate. However, as an oral examination is a relatively inexpensive form of secondary prevention, it merits attention to teaching the technique to patients with FA and their caregivers.
Comparison of Time to First Dose of Oral Morphine in the Treatment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Mitchell Sarah T. , Costello Tracy J. , Nedderman Kara M. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo compare time to first dose of oral morphine used in the treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) versus a special care nursery (SCN) setting.MethodsA retrospective chart review was completed of patient data from two community hospitals in a single health network. Infants born at either facility between January 2013 and August 2015 were eligible for inclusion in the study if treated for NAS with a course of oral morphine. The primary outcome was time from birth to first dose of oral morphine. Secondary outcomes included details about the morphine treatment course, length of stay, and complications from NAS.ResultsA total of 54 patients (19 NICU patients and 35 SCN patients) fulfilled inclusion criteria for the study. The primary outcome of median time from birth to first dose of oral morphine did not differ between the two groups (42.5 hrs [NICU] vs 43 hrs [SCN], p=0.53). No significant differences were found between the morphine regimens used in the two units. The median length of hospital stay (27 days [NICU] vs 26 days [SCN], p=0.66) and median length of NICU/SCN stay (26 days [NICU] vs 23 days [SCN], p=0.75) were not statistically significantly different. Time between transfer to the NICU or SCN and administration of the first dose of oral morphine was significantly shorter in the SCN setting (28 hrs [NICU] vs 4 hrs [SCN], p=0.009).ConclusionsThis study found that infants treated for NAS had similar treatment in an NICU and an SCN. No difference was observed in time from birth to initiation of medication therapy. In addition, no differences were seen in all but one marker for quality of care including length of stay and cumulative morphine dose. Infants treated for NAS, whether in an NICU or SCN setting, can receive similar treatment and comparable outcomes.
An empirical model to predict temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity of amorphous polymers
Authors: Kommandur Sampath , Yee Shannon K. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThermal conductivity in polymers has been theoretically and experimentally studied in good detail, but there is a need for more accurate models. Polymeric thermal conductivity exhibits a plateau‐like transition at temperatures around 10 K, which is not well accounted for by existing models. In this work, an empirical model that can predict temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity of amorphous polymers is developed. The model is based on kinetic theory and accounts for three sets of vibrational modes in polymers, and is developed using classical expressions, results of previous simulations, and experimental data. Fundamental material properties like density, monomer molecular weight, and speed of sound are the only input parameters. The model provides estimates for the locations of transitions between different sets of vibrational modes, an upper limit for the thermal conductivity, and temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity, which are in good agreement with experimental data. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1160–1170
Detecting snow at the den‐site scale in wolverine denning habitat
Authors: Magoun Audrey J. , Robards Martin D. , Packila Mark L. , Glass Tom W. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe relationship of wolverines (Gulo gulo) to persistent spring snow (PSS) may be obligate at the den‐site scale but this relationship has yet to be examined at this scale. Our objective was to detect snow at the den‐site scale in late May using low‐altitude aerial photography in wolverine denning habitat both in the Rocky Mountains of western United States and northwestern Alaska, USA. In the Rocky Mountains, we detected snow on 31 May 2016 in low to heavy categories in 82% of 40 transect segments flown through home ranges of 4 reproductive female wolverines that had denned in Idaho and Montana, USA, prior to our study. In the Alaska study area, we detected snow on 29 May 2016 at 4 den sites of reproductive female wolverines that denned in 2016. By then, snow remained only in occasional, widely scattered patches. Remnant snowdrifts remained at all 4 den sites. High‐latitude tundra habitats in Alaska may lose PSS sooner than montane habitats at the southern extent of wolverine distribution. To manage wolverines and their habitat and incorporate PSS in models of future wolverine habitat, we must understand the relationship of wolverines to snow and measure PSS at an appropriate resolution and scale that is biologically meaningful for the species. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Quantifying relative levels of solar radiation at bat roosts using pyranometers
Authors: Bondo Kristin J. , Brooks David R. , Brigham R. Mark 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTAlthough the amount of solar radiation received at roost sites used by bats has been speculated to be a factor driving roost‐site selection and roost switching behavior, few studies have scientifically quantified and recorded it over time. We demonstrated through a field test how silicon‐cell pyranometers, which are commonly connected to dataloggers and used in atmospheric studies to measure solar irradiance on a planar surface, can also be used to measure and record relative solar radiation levels at roost trees used by bats and other wildlife. Using commercially available pyranometers might not be feasible for many wildlife studies because they are expensive; we demonstrate how they can be built relatively simply and inexpensively, and calibrated with a commercial silicon‐cell pyranometer. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Web image search revealed large‐scale variations in breeding season and nuptial coloration in a mutually ornamented fish, Tribolodon hakonensis
Authors: Atsumi Keisuke , Koizumi Itsuro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGeographic variations in reproductive traits are important for evolutionary biology, but often difficult to investigate because of the need for a large‐scale survey and the ephemeral nature of secondary sexual characteristics. Here, using web image searches (Google Images and Twitter), we revealed large‐scale geographic variations (>1500 km) in breeding timing and nuptial coloration in the mutually ornamented fish, Japanese dace (Tribolodon hakonensis). As this fish is easily caught and many anglers upload their photographs on the web, we were able to find a total of 401 high‐resolution photographs from all over Japan. Breeding periods were determined from dates of photographs with/without nuptial coloration, which matched with previous studies. We also found that breeding periods might have advanced three weeks over the last 80 years in the Chitose River, potentially because of climate change. Additionally, the pattern of latitudinal cline for breeding timing revealed delayed timing in higher latitudes, although regional variations were also high. Finally, we quantified the patterns of nuptial coloration for this mutually ornamented fish, and confirmed that over 80% of individuals showed typical colorations, but others showed rare phenotypes that were never previously described, including an intermediate coloration between T. hakonensis and a potentially hybridizing species, T. brandtii. Our web‐based method for estimating breeding phenology could be adopted for organisms with temporal sexual characteristics, such as plants (e.g., flowering time) and some fishes. Web image analyses are still preliminarily with many limitations, but could be promising for investigating variations in visible traits.
Brain magnetic resonance imaging examination in a patient with non‐magnetic resonance conditional pacemaker
Authors: Nakai Toshiko , Sato Toshiaki , Soejima Kyoko , Takamine Yusuke , Watanabe Mitsuru , Kobayashi Kazutaka , Oshima Hideki , Fukaya Chikashi , Okumura Yasuo , Ohkubo Kimie , Kunimoto Satoshi , Watanabe Ichiro , Yoshino Atsuo , Hirayama Atsushi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractClinical dilemmas arise when patients with a non‐magnetic resonance (MR) conditional pacemaker are required to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We encountered a pacemaker patient with debilitating non‐motor symptoms of Parkinson׳s disease, who required an MRI prior to deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. MRI was performed safely without adverse events despite the presence of a conventional pacemaker.