bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source of the dayside cusp aurora
Authors: Mende S. B. , Frey H. U. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMonochromatic all‐sky imagers at South Pole and other Antarctic stations of the Automatic Geophysical Observatory chain recorded the aurora in the region where the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellites crossed the dayside magnetopause. In several cases the magnetic field lines threading the satellites when mapped to the atmosphere were inside the imagers' field of view. From the THEMIS magnetic field and the plasma density measurements, we were able to locate the position of the magnetopause crossings and map it to the ionosphere using the Tsyganenko‐96 field model. Field line mapping is reasonably accurate on the dayside subsolar region where the field is strong, almost dipolar even though compressed. From these coordinated observations, we were able to prove that the dayside cusp aurora of high 630 nm brightness is on open field lines, and it is therefore direct precipitation from the magnetosheath. The cusp aurora contained significant highly structured N2+ 427.8 nm emission. The THEMIS measurements of the magnetosheath particle energy and density taken just outside the magnetopause compared to the intensity of the structured N2+ 427.8 nm emissions showed that the precipitating magnetosheath particles had to be accelerated. The most likely electron acceleration mechanism is by dispersive Alfvén waves propagating along the field line. Wave‐accelerated suprathermal electrons were seen by FAST and DMSP. The 427.8 nm wavelength channel also shows the presence of a lower latitude hard‐electron precipitation zone originating inside the magnetosphere.
Large flux of iron from the Amery Ice Shelf marine ice to Prydz Bay, East Antarctica
Authors: Herraiz‐Borreguero L. , Lannuzel D. , van der Merwe P. , Treverrow A. , Pedro J. B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Antarctic continental shelf supports a high level of marine primary productivity and is a globally important carbon dioxide (CO2) sink through the photosynthetic fixation of CO2 via the biological pump. Sustaining such high productivity requires a large supply of the essential micronutrient iron (Fe); however, the pathways for Fe delivery to these zones vary spatially and temporally. Our study is the first to report a previously unquantified source of concentrated bioavailable Fe to Antarctic surface waters. We hypothesize that Fe derived from subglacial processes is delivered to euphotic waters through the accretion (Fe storage) and subsequent melting (Fe release) of a marine‐accreted layer of ice at the base of the Amery Ice Shelf (AIS). Using satellite‐derived Chlorophyll‐a data, we show that the soluble Fe supplied by the melting of the marine ice layer is an order of magnitude larger than the required Fe necessary to sustain the large annual phytoplankton bloom in Prydz Bay. Our finding of high concentrations of Fe in AIS marine ice and recent data on increasing rates of ice shelf basal melt in many of Antarctica's ice shelves should encourage further research into glacial and marine sediment transport beneath ice shelves and their sensitivity to current changes in basal melt. Currently, the distribution, volume, and Fe concentration of Antarctic marine ice is poorly constrained. This uncertainty, combined with variable forecasts of increased rates of ice shelf basal melt, limits our ability to predict future Fe supply to Antarctic coastal waters.
An in situ‐based analysis of the relationship between land surface “skin” and screen‐level air temperatures
Authors: Good Elizabeth Jane 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the relationship between land surface temperatures (LST) and screen‐level air temperatures (T2m) using in situ observations from 19 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) deployments located in a range of geographical regimes. The diurnal cycle is resolved using 1 min observations: a particular focus of the study is on the relationship between daily extremes of LST (LSTmax, LSTmin) and T2m (Tmax, Tmin). Temperature differences are analyzed with respect to cloud, wind speed, and snow cover. Under cloud‐free, low wind speed conditions, daytime LST is often several degrees Celsius (°C) higher than T2m at low‐to‐middle latitudes and at high latitudes during the summer months. In contrast, LST and T2m are often close (e.g., within 2°C) under cloudy and/or moderate‐to‐high wind speed conditions or when solar insolation is low or absent. LSTmin and Tmin are generally well correlated (r > 0.8, often r > 0.9), while seasonal correlations between LSTmax and Tmax are weaker (r > 0.6, often r > 0.8). At high latitudes, LST and T2m are well coupled in spring/autumn/winter; the relationship between LST and T2m tends to weaken with decreasing latitude. The timing of daily extremes is also investigated and it is found that LSTmin and Tmin typically occur close to sunrise, with Tmin occurring slightly after LSTmin. LSTmax occurs close to solar noon, with Tmax typically occurring 1–3 hours later. This study will inform temperature data users on differences between LST and T2m and aid development of methods to estimate T2m using satellite LSTs.
Lack of correlation between patient reported location and severity of facial pain and radiographic burden of disease in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Falco Jeffrey J. , Thomas Andrew J. , Quin Xuan , Ashby Shaelene , Mace Jess C. , Deconde Adam S. , Smith Timothy L. , Alt Jeremiah A. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundFacial pain is a cardinal symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with significant impacts on patient treatment selection, quality of life, and outcomes. The association between facial pain and CRS disease severity has not been systematically evaluated with validated, facial pain–specific questionnaires. Our objective was to measure pain location, severity, and interference in patients with CRS, and correlate these to the location and severity of radiographic evidence of disease.MethodsPatients with CRS were enrolled into a prospective, cross‐sectional study. Patients completed the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form, which is a validated and widely used tool that measures pain location, severity, and interference with daily activities of living. The Lund‐Mackay (L‐M) computed tomography (CT) scoring system was used to operationalize the radiographic location and severity of inflammation. Facial pain location, severity, and interference scores were correlated to paranasal sinus opacification scores.ResultsConsecutive patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP; n = 37) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP; n = 46) were enrolled. No significant relationship was found between the location and severity of reported facial pain and radiographic findings of disease for patients with either CRSwNP or CRSsNP. There was no difference in pain location between patients with and without radiographic disease in a given sinus.ConclusionFacial pain in CRS is not predicted by the radiographic extent of disease. The location and severity of facial pain reported by the patient is not a reliable marker of the anatomic location and severity of sinonasal inflammation. Pain location should not necessarily be relied upon for guiding targeted therapy.
Selective Nitrate Recognition by a Halogen‐Bonding Four‐Station [3]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttle
Authors: Barendt Timothy A. , Docker Andrew , Marques Igor , Félix Vítor , Beer Paul D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of the first halogen bonding [3]rotaxane host system containing a bis‐iodo triazolium‐bis‐naphthalene diimide four station axle component is reported. Proton NMR anion binding titration experiments revealed the halogen bonding rotaxane is selective for nitrate over the more basic acetate, hydrogen carbonate and dihydrogen phosphate oxoanions and chloride, and exhibits enhanced recognition of anions relative to a hydrogen bonding analogue. This elaborate interlocked anion receptor functions via a novel dynamic pincer mechanism where upon nitrate anion binding, both macrocycles shuttle from the naphthalene diimide stations at the periphery of the axle to the central halogen bonding iodo‐triazolium station anion recognition sites to form a unique 1:1 stoichiometric nitrate anion–rotaxane sandwich complex. Molecular dynamics simulations carried out on the nitrate and chloride halogen bonding [3]rotaxane complexes corroborate the 1H NMR anion binding results.
Cobaltkatalysierte C‐H‐Thiolierung durch dehydrierende Kreuzkupplung
Authors: Gensch Tobias , Klauck Felix J. R. , Glorius Frank 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBei einer dehydrierenden Kreuzkupplung von Thiolen und Indolen zeigt das gefundene kooperative Reaktionssystem eine bisher unbekannte Reaktivität in cobaltkatalysierten C‐Heteroatom‐Bindungsknüpfungen. Die dirigierte C‐H‐Aktivierung unterdrückt hierbei die Thiolierung des Indols in der 3‐Position, die in Abwesenheit des Cobaltkatalysators beobachtet wird. Mechanistische Studien stützen die vorgeschlagene Sequenz von C‐H‐Aktivierung, Thiolattransfer und reduktiver Eliminierung.
New Finite Algorithm for Solving the Generalized Nonhomogeneous Yakubovich‐Transpose Matrix Equation
Authors: Hajarian Masoud 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the development of the conjugate direction (CD) method is constructed to solve the generalized nonhomogeneous Yakubovich‐transpose matrix equationAXB+CXTD+EYF=R. We prove that the constructed method can obtain the (least Frobenius norm) solution pair (X,Y) of the generalized nonhomogeneous Yakubovich‐transpose matrix equation for any (special) initial matrix pair within a finite number of iterations in the absence of round‐off errors. Finally, two numerical examples show that the constructed method is more efficient than other similar iterative methods in practical computation.
Using highly resolved maximum gust speed as predictor for forest storm damage caused by the high‐impact winter storm Lothar in Southwest Germany
Authors: Schindler Dirk , Jung Christopher , Buchholz Alexander 
Published: July 2016

AbstractResults from a newly available empirical maximum gust speed model were evaluated for their predictive power of forest storm damage caused by the high‐impact winter storm ‘Lothar’ in the German federal state of Baden‐Wuerttemberg. In this state, Lothar was the most severe storm event of the last decades, causing nearly 30 million m3 of damaged timber. By applying a least squares boosting procedure, daily maximum gust speed values measured at 28 meteorological stations were used to empirically model highly resolved (50 × 50 m) near‐surface gust speed fields associated with Lothar. Gust speed was modelled using terrain‐ and roughness‐related variables as predictors. The modelled gust speed fields were then used as input to an empirical forest storm damage model. To build the damage model, the machine learning method random forests was applied. Results from this study demonstrate that the empirically modelled maximum gust speed field associated with Lothar was the most important predictor variable for forest storm damage at the landscape scale. Modelled maximum gust speed was nearly twice as important as all other available predictor variables. The medians of classified proportions of storm‐damaged timber quasi‐linearly increased with increasing maximum gust speed.
Understanding the ‘Anorexic Voice’ in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Pugh Matthew , Waller Glenn 
Published: July 2016

In common with individuals experiencing a number of disorders, people with anorexia nervosa report experiencing an internal ‘voice’. The anorexic voice comments on the individual's eating, weight and shape and instructs the individual to restrict or compensate. However, the core characteristics of the anorexic voice are not known. This study aimed to develop a parsimonious model of the voice characteristics that are related to key features of eating disorder pathology and to determine whether patients with anorexia nervosa fall into groups with different voice experiences. The participants were 49 women with full diagnoses of anorexia nervosa. Each completed validated measures of the power and nature of their voice experience and of their responses to the voice. Different voice characteristics were associated with current body mass index, duration of disorder and eating cognitions. Two subgroups emerged, with ‘weaker’ and ‘stronger’ voice experiences. Those with stronger voices were characterized by having more negative eating attitudes, more severe compensatory behaviours, a longer duration of illness and a greater likelihood of having the binge–purge subtype of anorexia nervosa. The findings indicate that the anorexic voice is an important element of the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa. Addressing the anorexic voice might be helpful in enhancing outcomes of treatments for anorexia nervosa, but that conclusion might apply only to patients with more severe eating psychopathology. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Experiences of an internal ‘anorexic voice’ are common in anorexia nervosa.
Clinicians should consider the role of the voice when formulating eating pathology in anorexia nervosa, including how individuals perceive and relate to that voice.
Addressing the voice may be beneficial, particularly in more severe and enduring forms of anorexia nervosa.
When working with the voice, clinicians should aim to address both the content of the voice and how individuals relate and respond to it.
Biogeography of dinoflagellate cysts in northwest Atlantic estuaries
Authors: Price Andrea M. , Pospelova Vera , Coffin Michael R. S. , Latimer James S. , Chmura Gail L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFew biogeographic studies of dinoflagellate cysts include the near‐shore estuarine environment. We determine the effect of estuary type, biogeography, and water quality on the spatial distribution of organic‐walled dinoflagellate cysts from the Northeast USA (Maine to Delaware) and Canada (Prince Edward Island). A total of 69 surface sediment samples were collected from 27 estuaries, from sites with surface salinities >20. Dinoflagellate cysts were examined microscopically and compared to environmental parameters using multivariate ordination techniques. The spatial distribution of cyst taxa reflects biogeographic provinces established by other marine organisms, with Cape Cod separating the northern Acadian Province from the southern Virginian Province. Species such as Lingulodinium machaerophorum and Polysphaeridinium zoharyi were found almost exclusively in the Virginian Province, while others such as Dubridinium spp. and Islandinium? cezare were more abundant in the Acadian Province. Tidal range, sea surface temperature (SST), and sea surface salinity (SSS) are statistically significant parameters influencing cyst assemblages. Samples from the same type of estuary cluster together in canonical correspondence analysis when the estuaries are within the same biogeographic province. The large geographic extent of this study, encompassing four main estuary types (riverine, lagoon, coastal embayment, and fjord), allowed us to determine that the type of estuary has an important influence on cyst assemblages. Due to greater seasonal variations in SSTs and SSSs in estuaries compared to the open ocean, cyst assemblages show distinct latitudinal trends. The estuarine context is important for understanding present‐day species distribution, the factors controlling them, and to better predict how they may change in the future.
The impact of Saudi hospital accreditation on quality of care: a mixed methods study
Authors: Almasabi Mohammed , Thomas Shane 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn 2005, the Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions (CBAHI) was launched in Saudi Arabia in order to improve the quality of care. By 2010, the first hospital was accredited by CBAHI, followed by many hospitals in following years. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of CBAHI on quality of care. In this study we used a mixed methods approach involving surveys, documentary analyses and semi‐structure interviews. Surveys data were collected from 669 staff. Documentary analyses included mortality, infection and length of stay. The semi‐structure interview data were gathered from 12 senior managers. Data were collected from three accredited public hospitals. Although some improvements in procedure were recognised, CBAHI does not monitor the continuity of health care delivery and had no effect on quality outcomes in our analysis. This study illustrates a need to sustain improvements over time in the accreditation cycle. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The variability of maximum wind gusts in the Czech Republic between 1961 and 2014
Authors: Brázdil Rudolf , Hostýnek Jiří , Řezníčková Ladislava , Zahradníček Pavel , Tolasz Radim , Dobrovolný Petr , Štěpánek Petr 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis contribution employs instrumental records to analyse the temporal and spatial variability of monthly, seasonal and annual maximum wind gusts (MWGs) in the Czech Republic. The development of an observation network capable of measuring wind gusts, the possible technical weaknesses of wind measurements and problems with establishing homogeneity in wind‐gust data are described. For the 1961–2014 period, quality‐checked data from 19 synoptic stations of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute throughout the territory of the Czech Republic are examined, divided into three altitudinal groups. In terms of the spatial variability ofMWGs, correlation coefficients between stations decrease more strongly in relation to station distance rather than altitude. Spatial correlations are better expressed (by higher correlation coefficients) in the winter half‐year than in the summer half‐year. Linear trends in monthly, seasonal and annualMWGsfor the 19 synoptic stations, for their three altitudinal groups, and for the entire Czech Republic show statistically significant decreases (deepest in November and autumn), with the exception of spring (for stations above 300 m) and summer. The 10 highestMWGevents of all are selected. The spatial distribution of wind gusts for two prominent windstorms, Kyrill (18–19 January 2007) and Emma (1–2 March 2008), are presented. Changes inMWGsseries are compared with fluctuations in atmospheric circulation responding to the North Atlantic Oscillation. DecreasingMWGtrends are discussed with respect to diminishing storminess and surface wind speeds (wind stilling) recorded during recent decades in Europe, as well as over other continents.
Foamed bleomycin sclerosis of airway venous malformations: The role of interspecialty collaboration
Authors: Azene Ezana , Mitchell Sally , Radvany Martin , Agrawal Nishant , Eisele David , Weiss Clifford 
Published: July 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess clinical outcomes of patients with airway venous malformations treated with percutaneous sclerotherapy (VMPS). We highlight the role of foamed bleomycin as a less inflammatory sclerosant and the importance of collaboration between interventional radiology and otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS).Study DesignRetrospective, consecutive, single‐center series.MethodsSixteen airway VMPS treatment sessions were performed (5 patients). Endoscopic needle guidance was performed by OHNS. Sclerosants included ethanol and foamed bleomycin. The following data were tabulated for each patient: hospital length of stay (LOS), clinical response, and the presence/absence of airway swelling requiring prolonged intubation. Univariate analysis was performed. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThirty‐one percent (5 of 16) of treatments required endoscopic guidance. Eighty‐seven percent (7 of 8) of airway VMs treated with ethanol caused significant airway swelling compared to 0% (0 of 8) of airway VMs treated with bleomycin (P = 0.0004). The LOS was significantly greater for ethanol (5 ± 0.3 days) than for bleomycin (1 day, P = 0.001). Ninety‐four percent (15 of 16) of airway VM treatments had at least a partial clinical response. There was no significant difference in clinical response between ethanol and bleomycin (P = 0.30).ConclusionEndoscopic and image‐guided needle placement may be necessary to treat deep airway VMs. Bleomycin may cause less significant airway swelling than ethanol. This may reduce hospital LOS and prolonged intubation. Our results should be interpreted with caution because this is a very small retrospective study. Additional investigation is needed to establish safety and efficacy of foamed bleomycin.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:2726–2732, 2016
Direct Correlation Between Zeta Potential and Cellular Uptake of Poly(methacrylic acid) Post‐Modified with Guanidinium Functionalities
Authors: Khine Yee Yee , Callari Manuela , Lu Hongxu , Stenzel Martina H. 
Published: July 2016

Cellular uptake is identified as one of the key parameters to the successful delivery of drugs into cancer cells. In this study, the effect of the ratio of negative and positive charges on a polymer on the amount of uptake is studied. Poly(methacrylic acid), prepared by RAFT polymerization, is post‐functionalized with agmatine in water to various degrees. When agmatine ratio is increased to 1, the conjugation efficiency is observed to be ≈63% indicating potentially some steric hindrance or excessive repulsion by the positive charged guanidinium functionality. The resulting zeta potential, ranging from −40 to −14 mV, is in linear correlation with the degree of functionalization. The resulting polymers are found to be non‐toxic to A2780 ovarian cancer cells. The cellular uptake is subsequently studied by laser scanning confocal fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry, and by analysis of the fluorescence intensity of the remaining solution after incubation with A2780 ovarian cancer cells. An almost linear relationship between zeta potential and cellular uptake is observed.image
Development of a hybrid model for the prediction of shape deviations in milling
Authors: Gulpak M. , Sölter J. 
Published: July 2016

The productivity in machining of high precision components is limited among others by the achievable geometric accuracy. Shape deviations arise due to several mechanisms of which residual stresses and a varying material removal due to thermal expansion have been incorporated in a proposed hybrid model. The model is based on two initially separated sub models which require a set of experimentally obtained input parameters. Both sub models utilize the finite element method. Sub model 1 calculates the mechanic response of the workpiece loaded with a near surface residual stress field (source stresses) resulting from the interaction of tool and workpiece. Sub model 2 calculates the thermal expansion of the workpiece utilising a three‐dimensional simulation of a moving surface heat source. The resulting inhomogeneous material removal is superimposed with the calculated shape deviations from sub model 1. This work focuses on distortion caused by machining induced residual stresses which are modelled as source stresses (sub model 1). These so called source stresses can be calculated directly from the bending and torsion of machined specimens and represent the distortion potential of the face milling process. The results demonstrate a pronounced correlation between the obtained source stresses and the width of cut ae. They further indicate that a separation of the effects resulting from the removal of material containing workpiece inherent residual stresses and from the newly generated residual stresses in the machined surface layer is required for the calculation of machining induced residual stresses.