bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manufacture and study the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of plastic wood
Authors: Fadhil Rihab Nassr , Jasim Muna B. , Abdullah Zainab Assif , Mahdi Shatha H. , Jasim Kareem A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on evaluating the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites reinforced with Pistacia shells (Pi-S). Wood-plastic composites were prepared using UPE reinforced with Pi-S at different weight ratios (50%, 60%, 70%). The main objective of this work is to recycle Pistacia shells in significant proportions and assess the impact of using Pi-S as reinforcing materials in UPE. Mechanical tests, such as Shore D hardness, impact resistance, and compressive strength, were employed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composites. The results showed that the 50% weight ratio achieved the highest values in all tests compared to other ratios (60%, 70%). Impact resistance increased to 10.15 Kj/m2 at the 50% weight ratio, followed by the 60% weight ratio with the highest impact resistance. The results also indicated a slight decrease in Shore D hardness with an increase in the weight ratio and a decrease in compressive strength. Regarding thermal conductivity, the highest thermal conductivity value was at the 50% weight ratio, with a value of 0.68118762 W/mk. It then decreased at the other weight ratios but remained higher than the thermal conductivity of pure unsaturated polyester. This technique allows for the full utilization of Pistacia shells in the wood-plastic industry, contributing to various applications such as wooden and plastic flooring, surfaces, doors, and more.
Optimization of the power performance for three hybrid Darrieus-Savonius rotors based on the Taguchi method
Authors: Abdel-razak Mahmoud H. , Emam Mohamed , Ookawara Shinichi , Hassan Hamdy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The hybrid vertical-axis wind turbine is a unique design that overcomes the efficiency limitations of Savonius rotors and the start-up challenges of Darrieus rotors. This study uses the Taguchi optimization method to enhance the performance of a cluster of three hybrid Darrieus-Savonius vertical-axis wind turbines. The optimized parameters include distances between adjacent turbine centers, configuration angles, rotational directions, and the pitch angle. The study is the first to investigate the effect of varying the pitch angle of Darrieus airfoil blades on hybrid design performance. The optimal configuration of the three hybrid VAWTs and the isolated rotor is analyzed through flow velocity, pressure, and turbulence kinetic energy contours. The results show that the pitch angles have the greatest effect on the rated power coefficient among other studied influencing parameters. The optimal cluster configuration’s performance improvement is due to the favorable velocity gradient around the blades. Compared to the isolated rotor, the power coefficient enhancement for the optimal case is 46.545% at the rated tip speed ratio of 3.08. The hybrid rotor in the cluster can achieve almost the same power as the isolated rotor up to a tip speed ratio of 4.1 instead of 2.86 for the isolated rotor. However, the decrease in overall efficiency for some cluster configurations is due to wake flow intensity and trapping between the rotors, which causes a stagnation zone.
A comparative Analytical Investigation of Different Geomagnetic Storms During Solar Cycles 23 and 24
Authors: Breber Salma H. , Hadi Khalid A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, the geomagnetic storms that occurred during solar cycles 23 and 24 were classified based on the value of the Disturbance Storm Time index (Dst), which was considered an indicator of the strength of geomagnetic conditions. The special criterion of Dst >-50 nT was adopted in the classification process of the geomagnetic storms based on the minimum daily value of the Dst-index. The number of geomagnetic storms that occurred during the study period was counted according to the adopted criteria, including moderate storms with (Dst >-50 nT), strong storms with (Dst >-100 nT), severe storms with (Dst >-200 nT), and great storms with (Dst >-350 nT). The statistical results showed that the total number of geomagnetic storms identified during solar cycle 23 was 571 storms, while during solar cycle 24, the number of storms decreased to 282 storms. Depending on the minimum value of Dst-index, the geomagnetic storms identified during Cycle 23 were classified into: 446 moderate, 101 strong, 19 severe, and 5 great storms. During Cycle 24, it was classified into: 247 moderate, 34 strong, and 1 severe storm. Also, the results of the study indicated that no storm of either a severe or great type was recorded during the solar cycle 24, given that this cycle witnessed low solar activity. This indicates that solar activity associated with sunspot number (SSN) corresponds to the rate of occurrence and strength of geomagnetic storms of all categories.
Characterization and physiochemical of PCL/extracted collagen blend coated nanostructure Sodium-Alginate substrate for skin tissue engineering application
Authors: khadir Hanan M. , Jabur Akram R. , Kadhim Ishraq A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study involves fabrication a nano-membrane of collagen and polycarbolactone by electrospinning and depositing into alginate films prepared by casting method to serve as a scaffold for tissue engineering. Collagen extracted from bovine skin showed poor ability to electrospun, so polycaprolactone (PCL), a synthetic polymer commonly used in tissue engineering scaffolds was chosen to improve the electrospinning process and obtain continuous fibers without beads suitable for application in tissue engineering. The scaffolds were analyzed using Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformtion infrared spectroscopy, swelling degree testing, and wettability measurements. FESEM results showed that blending PCL with collagen led to improving the electrospinning process and obtaining uniform, continuous fibers (with average fiber diameter 44.97 ± 1.61 nm) without beads and more crosslinking compared to the polycarbolactone scaffold. The results of the wettability and degree of swelling also showed the effect of collagen on increasing the hydrophilicity of the scaffold, and reducedthe water contact angle to (66.66°) with degree of swelling (1256%), that making it suitable for tissue engineering applications.
Indoor air quality improvement using developed polymeric membrane filter
Authors: Gaber Ahmed , Mahmoud Hatem , Kagi Naoki , Shokry Hasan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels must be controlled to protect the environment and human health. Previous studies focused on improving indoor air quality (IAQ) by reducing these negative impacts with electrical equipment such as mechanical ventilators and air purifiers; however, passive techniques were lacking. This work develops a prototype membrane filters to improve IAQ by capturing and separating indoor CO2 levels. These filters use polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membranes and activated carbon (AC) as innovative and effective passive materials at four concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the materials. The effectiveness of CO2 absorption across the four filter types was then assessed through tests conducted in a controlled environment. Subsequently, site monitoring was undertaken to evaluate the most effective filter. The absorption rates of CO2 levels indoors of the developed filters are 17.5%, 8.1%, 4.5%, and 3.4%, respectively, for four filters. The most efficient filter increased absorption efficiency by 47.8% in an unoccupied space and 35.5% in an occupied one. This passive material can be applied in various indoor spaces, including office buildings, residential buildings, and educational facilities, due to its benefits in saving energy and enhancing indoor environmental quality.
Preparation and Characterization of Anti-Microbial Wound Healing Materials from Natural Origins
Authors: Al-Hasani Fatimah J. , Al-Hassani Emad S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many types of polymers utilized as wound dressings, Polycaprolactone (PCL) displays high degree of biocompatibility as well as biodegradability, the mechanical strength states PCL in the foreground materials used in wound healing therapies. Current work aims to develop new types of wound plaster dressing, a multiple of natural and medical materials (aloe Vera, calendula and phenobarbital) were used to enhance the anti-microbial behavior as well as pain removal during wound healing period. Aloe Vera gels, Calendula extraction, with phenobarbital drug were precipitates on PCL layer in different percentage. Microstructure observation proves that polycaprolactone polymer is good base material supports dressing constituents, wound dressing homogeneity increased due to chemical reactions between the Aloe Vera and other materials. the main elements of dressing (carbon and oxygen) observed from chemical analysis (EDS) which is also showed that using combination of natural plants (aloe vera and Calendula) with phenobarbital medicine create wound plaster layer with wide range of active elements lead to therapeutic effects including antibacterial, In (FTIR) the results show using mixture of natural additives (aloe, calendula), medicine like phenobarbital in PCL lead to create wound plaster with high (OH) content acts to expedite the skin’s healing process by maintaining the natural level of minerals and hydration at wound area. Hydrophobicity of wound can minimized when adding some hydrophilic materials like Aloe Vera, phenobarbital and calendula, Aloe Vera gel, phenobarbital, as well as calendula decrease the contact angle value. Providing high adhesion between wound plaster and skin tissue. All prepared wound plaster has same and high resistance to Staphylococcus bacteria (40mm).
Implementation of a performance management system for environmental sustainability in an industrial organization
Authors: Rada E.C. , Nicolae I.C. , Zerbes M.V. , Tulbure A. , Karaeva A. , Torretta V. , Giurea R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The paper explores the implementation of process performance management systems in the automotive industry, specifically focusing on improving the assembly line of an organization within this sector thanks to the introduction of cobots in the line of manufacturing electronic modules used in car seat control systems. With an emphasis on environmental sustainability and circular economy (CE) concepts, the study investigates the positive effects of optimizing mechanical and electromechanical systems within the assembly line. Leveraging concepts such as KAIZEN and Gemba Kaizen, along with the guiding principles of Just-In-Time (JIT), Continuous Improvement and Automation with a Human Touch (JIDOKA), the research aims to elucidate the potential benefits of such enhancements. Key performance indicators (KPIs) including Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), First Pass Yield (FPY), and scrap rates were considered. Rejects, primarily stemming from human error in part handling, emerged as the major challenge facing this assembly line. To address this issue, collaborative robots were introduced to automate part handling, replacing manual processes with precise and reliable automation. Before the implementation, the cycle time stood at 13.6 units, which was reduced to 12.5 units post-implementation, resulting in a significant increase in productivity equating to 3000 more parts produced per week. OEE increasing from 80% to 87.74%, FPY rising from 96.42% to 98.48%, and the scrap rate decreasing from 0.06% to 0.02%. By addressing inefficiencies at the assembly line level, organizations can achieve significant improvements in performance metrics while concurrently contributing to a greener and more sustainable future.
Computational Study of Moth-Eye Structures for Silicon Solar Cells Lights Harvesting Improvement
Authors: Jasim Ethar S. , Khaleel Imad H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recently Moth-Eye nanostructure is widely used in solar cell light harvesting enhancement, in this computational work, three different designs; rectangular, triangular, and semi-circular structures were introduced as anti-reflect structures placed above a silicon solar cell, anti-reflected nanostructured modeled and optimized for silicon ultra-thin film solar cells using the finite difference time domain method for optical, and Lumerical devise software for electrical properties study. The effect of the geometrical dimension of the three structures was investigated. It is found that light-harvesting and solar cell performance can be enhanced by choosing a suitable structure and dimension for the suggested structure. The optimum efficiency enhancement achieved was by a semi-circular structure with a radius of 200nm from 8.81% to 11.95%.
Preparing polymeric materials with high water absorption and studying their properties
Authors: Alioui Mohammed K. , Ahmed Adnan R. , Hossain Randa K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, the absorbency of the polymer prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chitosan was measured, and tests of SEM, FTIR, and UV, as well as the mechanical properties related to tensile strength and elongation, were examined. The results of the SEM test showed that the polymer has a homogeneous structure without any defects or voids. Additionally, the surface roughness was observed, which is attributed to the addition of PEG, as it alters the surface morphology. The prepared polymer exhibited a high capacity to absorb large amounts of water over long periods of time. Furthermore, the tensile and elongation tests revealed that the addition of silver nanoparticles to the prepared polymer enhances its tensile strength
Green synthesis of nano silver-modified date syrup 3D graphene for adsorptive removal of heavy metals from wastewater and its antibacterial efficiency
Authors: Alazzawi Ali H , Abed Mayyadah S , Al-Tamimi Basma H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many researchers are focusing on the eco-friendly and cost-effective green synthesis of materials for removing heavy metals from wastewater using materials made from natural sources. In this research, date syrup was used as a rich carbon source while potassium chloride particles were used as a substrate. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles modified the graphene foam to enhance its heavy metal removal and antibacterial efficiency. The morphology and structure of the graphene foam were examined using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method examines textural features such as surface area, pore volume and diameter. The study focused on evaluating the efficiency of removing heavy metals including cadmium, lead, zinc, and chromium from water. The results indicated that the date syrup graphene foam has high heavy metal removal efficiency despite the short contact time, especially for Cd2+ and Pb2+, with removal efficiencies of 68% and 39%, respectively. It shows a relatively lower efficacy for Zn2+ and Cr2+, with removal efficiencies of 10% and 27%, respectively. The addition of silver nanoparticles greatly improved the removal efficiency of Cd2+ (75%), Zn+2 (22%), and Cr2+ (33%). Moreover, the antibacterial efficacy test showed significant improvement after the nanosilver modification to reach a 100% bacterial-killing rate.
Assessing the impact of Ag: TiO2 and Ag: ZrO2 nanoparticles on the flexural strength of self-cured denture base resin
Authors: Erhim Eman Alwan , Abbood Manal A. , Halbos Halemah T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of silver, titanium dioxide, and silver, Zirconium dioxide nanoparticles on the flexural strength of self-cured denture base resin. The samples were divided into four groups according to the addition of different nanoparticles to the self-cured acrylic PMMA. Control group A, reinforcement group B (Ag + TiO2), reinforcement group C (Ag + ZrO2) and reinforcement group D (Ag + TiO2 + ZrO2). The samples were again divided into three subgroups according to the nanoparticulate addition ratio of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt.% TiO2 and ZrO2 each with a fixed ratio of 0.3wt.% Ag as antimicrobial. Excluding group D addition, it was 0.05, 0.15, 0.25 wt.% for both TiO2 and ZrO2 with 0.3 wt.% Ag. After immersing the samples in distilled water for 48h, the flexural strength was measured using the three-point bend test. Evaluation of flexural strength showed a significant decrease with an increasing percentage of nanoparticles, except the increase in the percentage of additions of ZrO2 showed an increase in flexural strength. The samples underwent X-ray diffraction examination and FESEM to describe nanoparticles and examine the structure of acrylic samples. X-ray diffraction revealed the absence of mistake diffraction, indicating high crystal structure purity. In addition, images from the scanning electron microscope showed a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles within the acrylic structure. Maximum flexural strength was seen in the 0.3 wt.% Ag-0.15 wt.% TiO2-15 wt.% ZrO2 and minimum in 0.3 wt.% Ag -0.5 wt.% TiO2. The modified samples also exhibited colour changes. We conclude flexural strength value depends on the percentage of additions and type of nanoparticles.
The Law of the Total Pressure Loss in Supersonic Streamwise Corner Flow
Authors: Yang Rui , Jin Jiahui , Zhao Yuxin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The total pressure loss is a critical issue in the design of internal flow channels for hypersonic vehicles. In the flow through the streamwise corner region, the adjacent walls induce secondary flows that exacerbate the viscous effects, thereby intensifying the total pressure loss. This study investigates the impact of the corner’s dihedral angle and the compressibility of the flow on the total pressure loss in the streamwise corner region. The results indicated that as the dihedral angle increases, the distribution of the total pressure contour in the corner region became significantly distorted. The proportion of the boundary layer area within the corner region concurrently increased as the dihedral angle deviates from 90 degrees. Furthermore, we deduce that the total pressure loss is the largest in the supersonic flat plate boundary layer. This paper normalized the total pressure loss coefficient for different dihedral angles in the corner region and established an empirical relationship for the distribution of normalized total pressure loss coefficients along the flow path. It is discovered that under supersonic inflow conditions, the distribution law of the total pressure loss in the corner region exhibits higher predictive accuracy.
Study of the C-γ-Reθ Transition Model Based on the NNW-HyFLOW Software
Authors: Wang Xinguang , He Kun , Zhang Yifeng , Chen Qi , Wan Zhao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Since the release of hypersonic computational fluid software NNW-HyFLOW in 2023, its computational modules have been continuously expanded for the development needs of hypersonic vehicles. The C-γ-Reθ transition model has been developed based in the framework of the NNW-HyFLOW to expand the prediction of transition in the design of high-speed vehicles. Firstly, the calibration of two basic relations of Re
θc
and Flength
which is originally designed for the low-speed flat plate cases have been realized and expanded to high-speed flows. Secondly, the the empirical formula of Mach number correction has been adjusted by several typical high-speed transition cases. The same correction also has been made to the turbulence Prandtl number correction following the sae procedure. A crossflow transition module has been added with the calibration of the crossflow Reynolds number and validation of the experiment data of the HyTRV lifting body. The numerical tests show that the C-γ-Reθ transition model based on NNW-HyFLOW software has been basically realized with the ability of steamwise transition and crossflow transition prediction.
Effect of Flow Deflector on the Aerodynamic Performance of the S809 Airfoil
Authors: Zhao Long , Zhong Junwei , Tang Jun , Liu Huizhong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Airfoil stalls at large angles of attack (AoAs), creating flow separation, which directly deteriorates the aerodynamic performance. Numerical simulations were utilized to study a new passive flow control technique for wind turbines. This flow control technique is named flow deflector (FD) and mounted above the leading-edge of the S809 airfoil. The aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoils at Re=1×106 were analyzed by varying the structural parameters of the FD. The findings indicate that the FD significantly enhances the aerodynamic characteristic of the airfoil at large AoAs. The stall angle is delayed by a maximum value of 6°. Appropriate structural parameters can enable the FD to perform more effectively. The FD with a width of 0.02c, a normal direction position of 0.12c, a chordwise direction position of 0, a deflection angle of 75° and a single flat plate is recommended.
Study on the Annual Extreme Distribution of Wave Load of River-to-Sea Ships
Authors: Xu Lijun , Deng Le , Chen Yini 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
According to the wave scatter diagram of the river-to-sea specific route waters, the applicability of the method about predicting the annual extreme wave bending moment in DNV Note 30.6 to river-to-sea ships is discussed, by using the Wave loads Calculation System (WALCS), and a method applicable to the river-to-sea ships to determine the annual extreme wave bending moment is proposed: considering the ship type and wave scatter diagram, the sea state corresponding to the annual extreme wave bending moment is to be determined by comparing the results of short-term prediction of wave loads, and based on the short-term Rayleigh distribution prediction results, the annual extreme distribution of wave bending moment, which is obeying the Gumbel distribution, is to be determined using sequence statistical method.
Adsorption Performance and Photocatalytic Activity of La-TiO2@kaolin Composites
Authors: Zhan Zhixing , Peng Fuchang , Liu Jingjing , Liu Qiaochu , Yan Yue’e 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
La-TiO2@kaolin(LTK) composites were prepared via sol-gel method with kaolin, lanthanum nitrate and tetrabutyl titanate as raw materials. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM/EDS, and UV-Vis. The visible light photocatalytic reduction activity and adsorption performance of samples for Cr(VI) were studied. The results showed that La doping can refine TiO2 grains, stabilize phase structure of anatase TiO2, and expand its absorption spectrum, thereby enhancing its photocatalytic reduction activity. Due to the composite of kaolin, the dispersion of TiO2 is improves and it is endowed with a large specific surface area lead to enhance its adsorption ability for Cr(VI). The adsorption equilibrium process of LTK for Cr(VI) conforms to the Langmuir equation model. The coupling effect of doping and composite modification improves the adsorption and visible light catalytic reduction activity of Cr(VI) over composite material samples. The adsorption-photocatalytic removal rate of LTK for Cr(VI) under visible light irradiation for 6 hours reached the highest of 96.5%. The apparent first-order kinetic constant of its photocatalytic reduction reaction was 2.6 times that of pure TiO2.