bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave-enhanced silver nanoparticle synthesis using chitosan biopolymer: optimization of the process conditions and evaluation of their characteristics
Authors: Torabfam Milad , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA facile and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by aqueous chitosan solution and microwave irradiation is proposed as a cost effective and environmentally benevolent alternative to chemical and physical methods. With this aim, different amounts of chitosan solution (3–9 ml) with several concentration (4–6% w/v) and 3 ml of the silver salt solution (0.5% w/v) were mixed and microwave irradiated for 100 s. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of the amount and concentration of chitosan solution on the particle size and concentration of the synthesized AgNPs. The optimum AgNPs synthesis process was obtained using 9 ml of 0.4% (w/v) chitosan solution. The spherical and more stable AgNPs synthesized at optimum conditions had particle size, concentration, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential values of 37 nm, 69 ppm, 0.557 and +50 mV, respectively. The synthesized AgNPs indicated strong antifungal activity towardAspergillus flavusand high antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli).
Fire retardancy of graphene oxide/wood composite (GOW) prepared by a vacuum-pulse dipping technique
Authors: Han Xiaoshuai , Zhang Qinqin , Yin Yihui , Pu Junwen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGraphene oxide/wood (GOW) composite was fabricated by a vacuum-pulse dipping technique, and the resulting composites were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As demonstrated, the wood matrix became filled by the dense multilayer graphene oxide (GO) membrane structure, which was formed by the layer-by-layer self-assembly of GO nano-sheets. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the amorphous GO decreased the composite’s relative degree of crystallinity. Additionally, the filled GO generated improvement in the thermal stability of GOW composites in comparison with that of the natural wood (NW).
Fluidization Characteristics of TiO2 Ultrafine Particles in an Acoustic Spout-fluid Bed with a Draft Tube
Authors: Li Hainian , Pi Liqiang , Lei Yuzhuang , Gao Kaige , Zhou Yong 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of spouting gas velocity, fluidizing gas velocity, sound wave frequency and sound wave pressure level on fluidization behaviors of ultrafine particles in an acoustic spout-fluid bed with a draft tube. A half-cylinder with a diameter of 120 mm and height of 1200 mm was used as the fluidization column, TiO2 ultrafine particles with an average diameter of 290 nm were employed as the bed materials while the high-speed atmosphere jet was utilized as the spouting gas. Results showed that high-speed jet as spouting gas could effectively disrupt the agglomerates of TiO2 ultrafine particles and reduce the agglomerate size significantly. The introduced fluidized gas in annulus was conducive to eliminate dead-zone in the bottom of bed. Sound wave could break bubbles, restrain channeling making the axial fluidization state in annular region to be more uniform and homogeneous, thus significantly improved the fluidization quality of agglomerates in the annulus, reduced the minimum spouting velocity of particles, and promoted the stable circulation of inner particles in spout-fluid bed with a draft tube.
Ambivalent food experiences: Healthy eating and food changes in the lives of Ikojts with diabetes
Authors: Montesi Laura 
Published: December 2017

AbstractConcern about how their diet has changed is central to how the Ikojts, a Mexican indigenous people, explain their deteriorating health conditions and the rise of diabetes in particular. However, medical advice on “healthy” eating is largely disregarded and, sometimes, even defiantly challenged. Through an examination of food memories and of the food (dis)encounters that the diabetic diet provokes, I cast light on this seemingly ironic contradiction. Based on one year of fieldwork, this article argues that a healthy diet is a shared discursive social practice that enables the articulation of (sometimes radically) different understandings of food and health. The analysis of people’s ambivalent attitudes to healthy eating in times of diabetes reveals that, for the Ikojts, diabetes includes but also transcends healthy eating as a form of individual responsibility. Indeed, diabetes is symptomatic of larger societal issues originating from a rapidly changing context.
Short-term adverse effects of testosterone used for priming in prepubertal boys before growth hormone stimulation test
Authors: Albrecht Andrea , Penger Theresa , Marx Michaela , Hirsch Karin , Dörr Helmuth G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background:
Despite the fact that priming with sex steroids in prepubertal children before growth hormone (GH) provocative tests is recommended, there is an ongoing controversial discussion about the appropriate age of the children, the drug used for priming, the dose and the period between priming and the GH test. Interestingly, there is no discussion on the safety of this procedure. To date, only little data have been available on the possible side effects of priming with testosterone.

Methods:
We analyzed the outcome in 188 short-statured prepubertal boys who had been primed with testosterone enanthate (n=136: 50 mg; n=51: 125 mg, and accidentally one boy with 250 mg) 7 days prior to the GH test. Serum testosterone levels were measured on the day of the GH test in 99 boys.

Results:
Overall, only five boys developed adverse side effects. Two boys (dose 125 mg) showed severe low-flow priapism and had to undergo decompression of the corpora cavernosa. One boy suffered from self-limiting priapism and testicular pain (dose 50 mg). Two patients reported testicular pain (each dose 50 mg). The single patient with 250 mg testosterone did not show any adverse effects. The total side effect rate was 2.7%. The serum testosterone levels of the boys with side effects were not different from the testosterone levels of the boys without any side effects.

Conclusions:
Parents and patients should be informed about the possible side effects of priming with testosterone such as priapism and testicular pain. However, the overall side effect rate is low. We found no correlation between the outcome and the testosterone dose used and/or the level of serum testosterone.
Reintegrating the Legal into the Social: Reviving Islamic Transactional Law in the Context of the Civil Economy, with Special Reference to Waqf
Authors: Setia Adi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The potentialities and role of Islamic transactional law (ITL) and its underpinning axio-teleological concepts are explored in the cause of reclaiming the development process. In the Islamic scheme of values, the economic enterprise is premised on the organization of livelihood for sufficiency rather than perpetual growth so as to ensure overall socio-economic equilibrium. In this respect, there are discernibly close conceptual, structural and functional connections between the socio-economic objectives of ITL and those of the civil economy (CE). By making intelligent use of these substantive connections between ITL and CE, one can then devise effective legal strategies to substantively revive the former by taking strategic advantage of the already existing legal framework governing the latter. Thus, alient aspects of ITL are discussed in terms of invisible structures serving as formal, socio-legal means toward organizing socio-economic sufficiency, with special reference to the institution of waqf (charitable endowment) as a case in point.
Serum NF-κBp65, TLR4 as biomarker for diagnosis of preeclampsia
Authors: Litang Zhao , Hong Wang , Weimin Zhang , Xiaohui Tian , Qian Sun 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum NF-κBp65, TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) expression in patients of preeclampsia and its diagnostic value as biomarkers.

Methods
Thirty patients with preeclampsia (case group) and 30 normal pregnant women (control group) were included in this study. The serum level of NF-κBp65 and TLR4 were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and compared between the two groups. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were calculated by STATA11.0 statistical software.

Results
The expression level of TLR4 and NF-κBp65 in serum of preeclampsia patient group was 3.76±1.07ng/ ml and 183.20±49.19ng/ml, whereas that in the serum of the normal pregnant group was 2.43±0.69ng/ml and 98.68±29.80ng/ml. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp65 in serum of preeclampsia patient group was significantly higher than that of the normal pregnant group (P<0.05); The Pearson correlation test showed that the TLR4 expression in the serum of preeclampsia patients and normal pregnant women was positively correlated with their NF-κBp65 expression [rpreeclampsia=0.46, (P<0.05), rnormal=0.48, (P<0.05)]. When TLR4 and NF-κBp65 were selected as the reference indexes, the diagnostic sensitivity of preeclampsia was 86.67% (95%CI:69.28%-96.24%) and 90.33% (95%CI:73.47%-97.89%), and the specific ity was 70.00% (95%CI:50.60%-85.27%) and 83.33% (95%CI:65.28%-94.36%). The area under the ROC curve was 0.84 and 0.89.

Conclusion
Serum levels of TLR4 and NF-κBp65 was significantly higher in patients with preeclampsia which may involve in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, and can be used as biomarker for predicting preeclampsia.
Die geometrischen Diagramme der ‚Geometria Culmensis‘
Authors: Lechtermann Christina 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe ‘Geometria Culmensis’ (around 1400), the most ancient German educational book on practical geometry, tries to instruct lay surveyors as well as experts in the art of field measurement. The oldest existent manuscript transmits the Latin text together with the German adaption. Both texts show a similar albeit not equal set of diagrams illustrating the geometric and arithmetic problems proposed in the texts. The article tries to explore the ambivalent reference of the diagrams and shows how the ‘Geometria’ itself discusses their status as diagrammatic model and instrument.
Allegorische Diagrammatik und diagrammatische Allegorisierung. Erkenntnisprozesse in einem allegorischen Ikonotext der ‚Regia Carmina‘ des Convenevole da Prato
Authors: Smout Caroline 
Published: December 2017

AbstactSubject of this essay is the question of how the invisibility of God can be visualized. The ‘Regia Carmina’ of Convenevole da Prato (London, British Library, Royal 6 E IX) serves as an example. They are designed through allegorical iconotexts. Convenevole’s reflection consists basically of a mental image and a painted picture. This essay deals with two questions: 1) How are the mental image and the painted picture arranged to initiate a thought process regarding the relation of the painted picture to God in a diagrammatic transfer? The thought process aims to gain knowledge about the figurative representation of God. 2) Is the iconotext only modelled as a medium of insight or can it also be seen as a figure of reflection of a diagrammatic way of thinking, in which the possibilities and limits of pictorial and verbal signs are defined? In this example the fundamental and productive connection of allegorical and diagrammatic method becomes apparent. On the one hand the diagrammatic way of thinking is influenced by allegory. On the other hand the process of allegorisation that is based on a diagrammatic point of view becomes evident.
Low Humidity Characteristics of Polymer-Based Capacitive Humidity Sensors
Authors: Majewski Jacek 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPolymer-based capacitive humidity sensors emerged around 40 years ago; nevertheless, they currently constitute large part of sensors’ market within a range of medium (climatic and industrial) humidity 20−80%RH due to their linearity, stability and cost-effectiveness. However, for low humidity values (0−20%RH) that type of sensor exhibits increasingly nonlinear characteristics with decreasing of humidity values. This paper presents the results of some experimental trials of CMOS polymer-based capacitive humidity sensors, as well as of modelling the behaviour of that type of sensor. A logarithmic functional relationship between the relative humidity and the change of sensor output value at low humidity is suggested.
Transmission Quality Measurements in DAB+ Broadcast System
Authors: Gilski Przemysław , Stefański Jacek 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the age of digital media, delivering broadcast content to customers at an acceptable level of quality is one of the most challenging tasks. The most important factor is the efficient use of available resources, including bandwidth. An appropriate way of managing the digital multiplex is essential for both the economic and technical issues. In this paper we describe transmission quality measurements in the DAB+ broadcast system. We provide a methodology for analysing parameters and factors related with the efficiency and reliability of a digital radio link. We describe a laboratory stand that can be used for transmission quality assessment on a regional and national level.
Development of a Method for Tool Wear Analysis Using 3D Scanning
Authors: Hawryluk Marek , Ziemba Jacek , Dworzak Łukasz 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe paper deals with evaluation of a 3D scanning method elaborated by the authors, by applying it to the analysis of the wear of forging tools. The 3D scanning method in the first place consists in the application of scanning to the analysis of changes in geometry of a forging tool by way of comparing the images of a worn tool with a CAD model or an image of a new tool. The method was evaluated in the context of the important measurement problems resulting from the extreme conditions present during the industrial hot forging processes. The method was used to evaluate wear of tools with an increasing wear degree, which made it possible to determine the wear characteristics in a function of the number of produced forgings. The following stage was the use it for a direct control of the quality and geometry changes of forging tools (without their disassembly) by way of a direct measurement of the geometry of periodically collected forgings (indirect method based on forgings). The final part of the study points to the advantages and disadvantages of the elaborated method as well as the potential directions of its further development.
Measurement of Noise in Supercapacitors
Authors: Szewczyk Arkadiusz 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA developed method and measurement setup for measurement of noise generated in a supercapacitor is presented. The requirements for noise data recording are considered and correlated with working modes of supercapacitors. An example of results of low-frequency noise measurements in commercially available supercapacitors are presented. The ability of flicker noise measurements suggests that they can be used to assess quality of tested supercapacitors.
Reconstruction und Reeducation. Max Horkheimer und die deutsch-israelische Freundschaft, 1948–1973
Authors: Lenhard Philipp 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMax Horkheimer sah in der deutsch-israelischen Freundschaft eine Möglichkeit, dem Antisemitismus entgegenzutreten und die Beziehungen zwischen Deutschen, Christen, Juden und Israelis zu verbessern. Dies schien ihm eine unerlässliche Voraussetzung für eine Verhinderung einer Wiederkehr der nationalsozialistischen Barbarei zu sein. Im Zuge dieser Überlegungen unterstützte er nicht nur auf privater Ebene zionistische Organisationen und israelische Institutionen, sondern half bei der Konstituierung deutsch-israelischer und christlich-jüdischer Freundschaftsvereinigungen und trieb vor allem den Studenten- und Wissenschaftsaustausch voran. Sein Interesse an der deutsch-israelischen Freundschaft war vor allem auf die Verbesserung der Zustände in der Bundesrepublik gerichtet und bezog sich erst in sekundärer Hinsicht auf die Förderung des jüdischen Lebens in Israel. Hierin drückt sich Horkheimers ambivalentes Verhältnis zum Zionismus aus: Einerseits sah er die Gründung Israels als historisch notwendig gewordene Schutzmaßnahme gegen Verfolgung und Vernichtung an, zugleich aber kritisierte er den Zionismus auch als nationalistische Ideologie.
Zwischen Ablehnung und Anziehung. Günter Grass und die Anfänge der deutschen Kulturarbeit in Israel, 1967–1971
Authors: Grimmeisen Julie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNach der Staatsgründung Israels wurde der kulturelle Austausch mit Deutschland strikt abgelehnt und blieb auch nach Aufnahme der diplomatischen Beziehungen 1965 verboten. Eine Ausnahme machte die israelische Regierung erstmals 1967 für den deutschen Schriftsteller und aktiven Sozialdemokraten Günter Grass. Auf offizielle Einladung hielt er mehrere Vorträge und erntete viel Bewunderung für das Gesicht eines „anderen Deutschland“, das sich durch historische Verantwortung und Weltoffenheit auszeichnete. Sein positiv rezipierter Besuch ebnete in den folgenden Jahren den Weg für Auftritte auch anderer Kulturschaffender aus Deutschland in Israel. Grass’ zweiter Israel-Besuch während der „Deutschen Kulturwoche“ im November 1971 wurde jedoch von Protesten begleitet und löste eine hitzige Debatte über die kulturelle Annäherung aus. Der Aufsatz beleuchtet anhand der Akten des Politischen Archivs des Auswärtigen Amtes über die Grass-Reisen 1967 und 1971, wie sich die Anfänge der deutsch-israelischen Kulturbeziehungen zwischen Ablehnung und Anziehung entwickelten.
„Jüdisches Denken in einer Welt ohne Gott“. Stéphane Mosès’ Ort in der deutschsprachigen Geisteswissenschaft und sein Beitrag zur Kulturwissenschaft
Authors: Weigel Sigrid 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDer Aufsatz verortet die Arbeiten von Mosès in der Nachfolge der „Ersten Kulturwissenschaft“ um 1900 und von deren deutsch-jüdischem Index und beschreibt seinen originären Beitrag zur Fortschreibung dieses Denkens für das 20. Jahrhundert – Korrespondenzen zwischen jüdisch-religiöser Tradition und Philosophie/Philologie im Dialog zwischen Paris, Jerusalem und deutschsprachiger Kultur – im Horizont von Dekonstruktion und
Kleine Erfolge und große Hindernisse bei der Gründung einer deutschen Abteilung an der Hebräischen Universität Jerusalem
Authors: Oesterle Günter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDer Essay versucht, wissenschaftshistorisch die seit 1970 unter schwierigen Rahmenbedingungen vor sich gehende Etablierung germanistischer Studien an der Hebräischen Universität in Jerusalem zu rekonstruieren. Nachvollzogen wird eine Gratwanderung: In Distanz zu einer als fragwürdig eingeschätzten jüdisch-deutschen Kultursymbiose sollte dennoch die Besonderheit dieses speziellen interkulturellen Dialogs betont bleiben. Zum Vergleich wurde die Entwicklung der mit Deutschland befassten Geschichtswissenschaft in Israel herangezogen. Während die Geschichtswissenschaft floriert und national und international angesehen ist, wird die sich mit jüdisch-deutscher Literatur beschäftigende Kulturwissenschaft marginalisiert.
Zwischen Philologie und Kulturwissenschaften. Zur Konzeption und Gründungsgeschichte des Rosenzweig-Zentrums
Authors: Voßkamp Wilhelm 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDie Gründung und der Aufbau des Rosenzweig-Zentrums sind ein exemplarischer Beitrag zur Geschichte der deutsch-jüdischen Literatur- und Geistesgeschichte. Die Verbindung von Forschung und Lehre wurde durch die Förderung eines Studiengangs für deutsche Sprache und Literatur und die wissenschaftliche Nachwuchsförderung an der Hebräischen Universität unterstrichen. Insgesamt steht die Geschichte des Rosenzweig-Zentrums im Zusammenhang einer internationalen Neuausrichtung der Philologien zugunsten innovativer kulturwissenschaftlicher Orientierung. Dabei spielen Konzepte von Kultur im Horizont symbolischer Begründung jüdischer Identität eine ebenso große Rolle wie Aspekte ihrer intrakulturellen Begründung. Archiv- und philologische Arbeit bleiben die Basis. Wissenschaftliche Entwicklungen im internationalen Dialog sind konstitutiv auch für die Zukunft des Rosenzweig-Zentrums.
„Schicksalsverwandtschaft“? Jean Amérys Fanon-Lektüren über Gewalt, Gegengewalt und Tod
Authors: Fiedler Lutz 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIm Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht eine ideengeschichtliche Analyse der Rezeption von Frantz Fanons (1925–1961) antikolonialen Schriften durch den Auschwitz-Überlebenden Jean Améry (1912–1978). Damit wird der Text zu einem Diskussionsbeitrag in der historischen Auseinandersetzung über Parallelen und Differenzen bei der Verarbeitung und intellektuellen Reflexion von Kolonialgewalt und nationalsozialistischer Judenvernichtung. Améry selbst scheint mit seinem Wort von der „Schicksalsverwandtschaft“ zwischen ihm und Fanon einer postkolonial inspirierten Genozidforschung den Weg bereitet zu haben, die die Gewaltverhältnisse in der außereuropäischen Expansion historiografisch und darstellerisch an die Ermordung der europäischen Juden heranrückte. Demgegenüber wird im Text argumentiert, dass eine solche Deutung ursprünglich auf das Werk von Fanon und dessen Lehrer Aimé Césaire zurückgeht und Ausdruck einer partikularen Geschichtserfahrung in Zeiten einer kolonialen Zweiteilung der Welt war. Dass auch Jean Améry an die Geschichtsperspektive Fanons anschließen konnte, war wiederum durch den universalistischen Erwartungshorizont in Fanons Darstellung möglich geworden. Bei genauerer Betrachtung wird deutlich, dass Amérys doppelte Erfahrung als politisches und jüdisches Opfer des Nationalsozialismus ihren Niederschlag auch in dessen Texten gefunden hat: als wiederkehrendes Motiv einer Überschreibung der von der Vernichtung auferlegten jüdischen Opferschaft durch die Sinnstiftung des politischen Widerständlers. Auf der Grundlage von Sartres existenzialistischer Philosophie erkannte Améry in Fanons Geschichtsphilosophie revolutionärer Gewalt einen universalistischen Handlungs- und Erwartungshorizont, den er nun auch seinen Darstellungen über den jüdischen Widerstand während des Nationalsozialismus einschreiben wollte. Umso mehr sich Améry jedoch dem Holocaust – dem ultimativen Genozid, der auf alle Juden überall zielte – näherte, desto deutlicher verschloss sich eine solche Perspektive und zerbarst seine Analogie mit Fanon. Als Überlebender von Auschwitz sah er sich allein auf sein
Fundraising and Collaboration: The Hebrew University and the German Question, 1959–1965
Authors: Livne Sharon , Morris-Reich Amos 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe present article explores the internal debates, tension, and controversies at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem over academic collaborations with and fundraising in West Germany between 1959 and 1965. In our estimation, a key to understanding this freighted topic is the way The Hebrew University perceived itself, especially in comparison to Israel’s other major academic institution at the time – the Weizmann Institute. Not only did the university assume the mantle of an advanced research center, but considered itself a national body that represents and symbolizes the State of Israel and the entire Jewish People.
Cavity nonlinear optics with layered materials
Authors: Fryett Taylor , Zhan Alan , Majumdar Arka 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUnprecedented material compatibility and ease of integration, in addition to the unique and diverse optoelectronic properties of layered materials, have generated significant interest in their utilization in nanophotonic devices. While initial nanophotonic experiments with layered materials primarily focused on light sources, modulators, and detectors, recent efforts have included nonlinear optical devices. In this paper, we review the current state of cavity-enhanced nonlinear optics with layered materials. Along with conventional nonlinear optics related to harmonic generation, we report on emerging directions of nonlinear optics, where layered materials can potentially play a significant role.