bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing people and learning in organisational change projects
Authors: Shaw David 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the influence of people management practices on the outcomes of organisational change projects through their contributions to organisational learning. The contributions to their outcomes of particular corporate and project-specific people management practices are considered.Design/methodology/approachCase studies of two organisational change projects undertaken by Arts Council England during 2006-2007 are used to examine how far and in what ways people management practices influence the outcomes of such projects. Organisational change is considered as an instance of organisational learning, which in turn is examined in relation to the twin activities of developing new ideas and internal sense-making.FindingsEvidence is presented that certain people management practices, individually and in combination, influence the outcomes of organisational change projects significantly through their contributions to organisational learning.Research limitations/implicationsResearch into the influence of particular people management practices, and the contexts and processes through which it is exerted, is necessary to develop more generalisable conclusions. This influence is liable to be invisible to less granular research into people management as a general construct.Originality/valueResearch into the use of project management methods specifically to implement organisational change is sparse. The findings of this paper contradict findings from research into the influence of people management on project outcomes in general, which suggest that it does not have a significant effect.
Apparel sourcing in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Adikorley Ruth Dede , Thoney-Barletta Kristin , Joines Jeff , Rothenberg Lori 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine why Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is not currently a major player in producing apparel for the US market and determine if SSA is likely to become one because of several opportunities that the region offers, including relatively low labor wages, an ample labor force and duty-free access to the USA through the 10-year renewal of AGOA.

Design/methodology/approach
In-depth interviews were conducted with eight high-level executives in apparel sourcing and trade agencies to obtain their views on the opportunities and challenges of sourcing in SSA in relation to other major apparel sourcing regions. A descriptive analysis of the qualitative data was used to answer three research questions.

Findings
The findings reveal that SSA is a competitive region to source from, because of low labor wages and the duty-free benefits through AGOA. However, several challenges hinder a significant increase in sourcing from SSA. The executives recommended that for SSA to be a significant force in the global apparel market, vertical supply chains should be developed, where raw materials like fabric are sourced from within the country/region and SSA governments should become more involved in business environment improvements.

Originality/value
At present, there is limited academic literature on sourcing and supplier selection in Africa, particularly in textile and apparel sourcing in SSA. Based on interviews from high-level executives engaged in the sourcing decision-making process, this study reveals the benefits, challenges and opportunities for sourcing apparel from SSA countries.
Sleepwalking through the Anthropocene
Authors: Sklair Leslie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article reviews seven recent books on the Anthropocene, from which three major narratives are extracted. First, while posing problems, the Anthropocene is seen as a ‘great opportunity’ for business, science and technology; second, it is recognised that the planet and humanity itself are in danger, but if we are clever enough we can save ourselves and the planet with technological fixes; third, we are in great danger, humanity cannot go on living and consuming as we do now, we must change our ways of life radically – by ending capitalism and creating new types of societies.
Association of Varroa destructor females in multiply infested cells of the honeybee Apis mellifera
Authors: Beaurepaire Alexis L. , Ellis James D. , Krieger Klemens J. , Moritz Robin F. A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe genetic diversity of Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman) is limited outside its natural range due to population bottlenecks and its propensity to inbreed. In light of the arms race between V. destructor and its honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) host, any mechanism enhancing population admixture of the mite may be favored. One way that admixture can occur is when two genetically dissimilar mites coinvade a brood cell, with the progeny of the foundresses admixing. We determined the relatedness of 393 pairs of V. destructor foundresses, each pair collected from a single bee brood cell (n = five colonies). We used six microsatellites to identify the genotypes of mites coinvading a cell and calculated the frequency of pairs with different or the same genotypes. We found no deviation from random coinvasion, but the frequency of cells infested by mites with different genotypes was high. This rate of recombination, coupled with a high transmission rate of mites, homogenized the allelic pool of mites within the apiary.
Prognostic significance of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification of stage I lung adenocarcinoma: A retrospective study based on analysis of 110 Chinese patients
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhang Yi , Qian Kun , Zhao Lan , Wang Wei , Teng Liang H. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between predominant subtype, classification, and prognosis in Chinese stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients according to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) International Multidisciplinary Lung Adenocarcinoma Classification.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2010, 110 patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma underwent surgery at Xuanwu Hospital. Two pathologists independently reclassified all resected specimens according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for multivariate analysis.ResultsThere were no cases of adenocarcinoma in situ, and three cases of minimally invasive adenocarcinoma. There were 107 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma: 12 lepidic, 32 acinar, 30 papillary, 18 micropapillary, and 15 solid predominant subtypes. Patients with micropapillary and solid predominant tumors had significantly poorer disease‐free survival compared to those with other subtypes of predominant tumors (P = 0.021). Multivariate analysis revealed that the new classification (P = 0.003) and T stage (P = 0.034) were independent predictors of disease‐free and overall survival, respectively.ConclusionThe predominant subtype in the primary tumor was associated with prognosis in resected stage I lung adenocarcinoma.
microPop: Modelling microbial populations and communities in R
Authors: Kettle Helen , Holtrop Grietje , Louis Petra , Flint Harry J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Microbial communities perform highly dynamic and complex ecosystem functions that impact plants, animals and humans. Here we present an R‐package, microPop, which is a dynamic model based on a functional representation of different microbiota.

microPop simulates the dynamics and interactions of microbial populations by solving a system of ordinary differential equations that are constructed automatically based on a description of the system.

Data frames for a number of microbial functional groups (MFG) and default functions for rates of microbial growth, resource uptake, metabolite production are provided but can be modified or replaced by the user.

microPop can simulate growth in a single compartment (e.g. bio‐reactor) or “compartments” in series (e.g. human colon) or in a simple 1D application (e.g. phytoplankton in a water column). Furthermore, an MFG may contain multiple strains in order to study adaptation and diversity or parameter uncertainty. Also simple interactions between viruses (bacteriophages) and bacteria can be included in microPop.

microPop is hosted on CRAN and can be installed directly from within R. This paper describes version 1.3 of microPop. The code is also hosted on GitHub for future development (https://github.com/HelenKettle/microPop).
ToxTrac: A fast and robust software for tracking organisms
Authors: Rodriguez Alvaro , Zhang Hanqing , Klaminder Jonatan , Brodin Tomas , Andersson Patrik L. , Andersson Magnus 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Behavioural analysis based on video recording is becoming increasingly popular within research fields such as; ecology, medicine, ecotoxicology and toxicology. However, the programs available to analyse the data, which are free of cost, user‐friendly, versatile, robust, fast and provide reliable statistics for different organisms (invertebrates, vertebrates and mammals) are significantly limited.

We present an automated open‐source executable software (ToxTrac) for image‐based tracking that can simultaneously handle several organisms monitored in a laboratory environment. We compare the performance of ToxTrac with current accessible programs on the web.

The main advantages of ToxTrac are as follows: (i) no specific knowledge of the geometry of the tracked bodies is needed; (ii) processing speed, ToxTrac can operate at a rate >25 frames per second in HD videos using modern computers; (iii) simultaneous tracking of multiple organisms in multiple arenas; (iv) integrated distortion correction and camera calibration; (v) robust against false positives; (vi) preservation of individual identification; (vii) useful statistics and heat maps in real scale are exported in image, text and excel formats.

ToxTrac can be used for high speed tracking of insects, fish, rodents or other species, and provides useful locomotor information in animal behavior experiments. Download ToxTrac here: https://toxtrac.sourceforge.io (Current version v2.61).
Sex differences in lifespan extension with acarbose and 17‐α estradiol: gonadal hormones underlie male‐specific improvements in glucose tolerance and mTORC2 signaling
Authors: Garratt Michael , Bower Brian , Garcia Gonzalo G. , Miller Richard A. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryInterventions that extend lifespan in mice can show substantial sexual dimorphism. Here, we show that male‐specific lifespan extension with two pharmacological treatments, acarbose (ACA) and 17‐α estradiol (17aE2), is associated, in males only, with increased insulin sensitivity and improved glucose tolerance. Females, which show either smaller (ACA) or no lifespan extension (17aE2), do not derive these metabolic benefits from drug treatment. We find that these male‐specific metabolic improvements are associated with enhanced hepatic mTORC2 signaling, increased Akt activity, and phosphorylation of FOXO1a – changes that might promote metabolic health and survival in males. By manipulating sex hormone levels through gonadectomy, we show that sex‐specific changes in these metabolic pathways are modulated, in opposite directions, by both male and female gonadal hormones: Castrated males show fewer metabolic responses to drug treatment than intact males, and only those that are also observed in intact females, while ovariectomized females show some responses similar to those seen in intact males. Our results demonstrate that sex‐specific metabolic benefits occur concordantly with sexual dimorphism in lifespan extension. These sex‐specific effects can be influenced by the presence of both male and female gonadal hormones, suggesting that gonadally derived hormones from both sexes may contribute to sexual dimorphism in responses to interventions that extend mouse lifespan.
Spontaneous testicular atrophy occurs despite normal spermatogonial proliferation in a Tp53 knockout rat
Authors: Dai M. S. , Hall S. J. , Vantangoli Policelli M. M. , Boekelheide K. , Spade D. J. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe tumor suppressor protein p53 (TP53) has many functions in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair and is also involved in spermatogenesis in the mouse. To evaluate the role of p53 in spermatogenesis in the rat, we characterized testis biology in adult males of a novel p53 knockout rat (SD‐Tp53tm1sage). p53 knockout rats exhibited variable levels of testicular atrophy, including significantly decreased testis weights, atrophic seminiferous tubules, decreased seminiferous tubule diameter, and elevated spermatocyte TUNEL labeling rates, indicating a dysfunction in spermatogenesis. Phosphorylated histone H2AX protein levels and distribution were similar in the non‐atrophic seminiferous tubules of both genotypes, showing evidence of pre‐synaptic DNA double‐strand breaks in leptotene and zygotene spermatocytes, preceding cell death in p53 knockout rat testes. Quantification of the spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) proliferation rate with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, in addition to staining with the undifferentiated type A spermatogonial marker GDNF family receptor alpha‐1 (GFRA1), indicated that the undifferentiated spermatogonial population was normal in p53 knockout rats. Following exposure to 0.5 or 5 Gy X‐ray, p53 knockout rats exhibited no germ cell apoptotic response beyond their unirradiated phenotype, while germ cell death in wild‐type rat testes was elevated to a level similar to the unexposed p53 knockout rats. This study indicates that seminiferous tubule atrophy occurs following spontaneous, elevated levels of spermatocyte death in the p53 knockout rat. This phenomenon is variable across individual rats. These results indicate a critical role for p53 in rat germ cell survival and spermatogenesis.
Intrapartum obstetric care in the United States military: Comparison of military and civilian care systems within TRICARE
Authors: Ranjit Anju , Jiang Wei , Zhan Tiannan , Kimsey Linda , Staat Bart , Witkop Catherine T. , Little Sarah E. , Haider Adil H. , Robinson Julian N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundExpectant mothers who are beneficiaries of TRICARE (universal insurance to United States Armed Services members and their dependents) can choose to receive care within direct (salary‐based) or purchased (fee‐for‐service) care systems. We sought to compare frequency of intrapartum obstetric procedures and outcomes such as severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) and common postpartum complications between direct and purchased care systems within TRICARE.MethodsTRICARE (2006‐2010) claims data were used to identify deliveries. Patient demographics, frequency of types of delivery (noninstrumental vaginal, cesarean, and instrumental vaginal), comorbid conditions, SAMM, and common postpartum complications were compared between the two systems of care. Multivariable models adjusted for patient clinical/demographic factors determined the odds of common complications and SAMM complications in purchased care compared with direct care.ResultsA total of 440 138 deliveries were identified. Compared with direct care, purchased care had higher frequency (30.9% vs 25.8%, P<.001) and higher adjusted odds (aOR 1.37 [CI 1.34‐1.38]) of cesarean delivery. In stratified analysis by mode of delivery, purchased care had lower odds of common complications for all modes of delivery (aOR[CI]:noninstrumental vaginal: 0.72 [0.71‐0.74], cesarean: 0.71 [0.68‐0.75], instrumental vaginal: 0.64 [0.60‐0.68]) than direct care. However, purchased care had higher odds of SAMM complications for cesarean delivery (aOR 1.31 [CI 1.19‐1.44]) compared with direct care.ConclusionDirect care has a higher vaginal delivery rate but also a higher rate of common complications compared with purchased care. Study of direct and purchased care systems in TRICARE may have potential use as a surrogate for comparing obstetric care between salary‐based systems and fee‐for‐service systems in the United States.
Academic research and engagement with the Canadian public service: Insights from three surveys
Authors: Migone Andrea R. , Brock Kathy L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article explores the area of research engagement between two very important communities in the Canadian public policy landscape: academics and senior public service executives. Using data from three surveys, we argue that while public sector executives may be more receptive to academic research than the literature suggests, academic advice and knowledge remain underutilized. While there does not seem to be a strong cleavage between the two groups, they also tend to come together mostly under very specific conditions. Oddly enough, academics do not seem to be troubled by the underutilization of their research.
Mismatch negativity to pitch pattern deviants in schizophrenia
Authors: Haigh Sarah M. , Matteis Mario De , Coffman Brian A. , Murphy Timothy K. , Butera Christiana D. , Ward Kayla L. , Leiter‐McBeth Justin R. , Salisbury Dean F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSimple mismatch negativity (MMN) to infrequent pitch deviants is impaired in individuals with long‐term schizophrenia (Sz). The complex MMN elicited by pattern deviance often manifes is cut from here]‐>ts later after deviant onset than simple MMN and can ascertain deficits in abstracting relationships between stimuli. Sz exhibit reduced complex MMN, but so far this has only been measured when deviance detection relies on a grouping rule. We measured MMN to deviants in pitch‐based rules to see whether MMN is also abnormal in Sz under these conditions. Three experiments were conducted. Twenty‐seven Sz and 28 healthy matched controls (HC) participated in Experiments 1 and 2, and 24 Sz and 26 HC participated in Experiment 3. Experiment 1 was a standard pitch MMN task, and Sz showed the expected MMN reduction (~ 115 ms) in the simple pitch deviant compared to HC. Experiment 2 comprised standard groups of six tones that ascended in pitch, and deviant groups where the last tone descended in pitch. Complex MMN was late (~ 510 ms) and significantly blunted in Sz. Experiment 3 comprised standard groups of 12 tones (six tones ascending in pitch followed by six tones descending in pitch, like a scale), and deviant groups containing two repetitions of six ascending tones (the scale restarted midstream). Complex MMN was also late (~ 460 ms) and significantly blunted in Sz. These results identify a late pitch pattern deviance‐related MMN that is deficient in schizophrenia. This suggests specific deficits in later more complex deviance detection in schizophrenia for abstract patterns.
Trait impulsiveness is related to smaller post‐commissural putamen volumes in males but not females
Authors: Caravaggio Fernando , Plitman Eric , Chung Jun Ku , Gerretsen Philip , Kim Julia , Iwata Yusuke , Chakravarty Mallar , Remington Gary , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractImpulsivity is considered a vulnerability trait for addiction. Recently, we found trait non‐planning impulsiveness measured with the Karolinska Scales of Personality was negatively correlated with dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in the ventral striatum of healthy humans. While also observed in rodents, human studies have failed to find this association with other measures of trait impulsivity. We explored whether another rodent finding, reduced ventral striatum volume with greater impulsivity, could also be observed in humans using this scale. Non‐planning impulsiveness was measured in 52 healthy subjects (21 female; mean age: 33.06 ± 9.69) using the Karolinska Scales of Personality. Striatal subregion volumes, including the globus pallidus, were acquired using the Multiple Automatically Generated Templates (MAGeT‐Brain) algorithm. Although failing to support our a priori hypothesis, there was a significant sex interaction in the post‐commissural putamen with impulsiveness. Exploratory analyses revealed impulsiveness was negatively correlated with post‐commissural putamen volumes in males, but positively correlated in females. We replicated this finding in males in an increased sample (including all 52 previous subjects) who provided impulsiveness measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory (n = 73; 32 female; mean age: 33.48 ± 9.75). These correlations by sex were statistically different from one another, the main finding with the Kasolinksa Scales of Personality surviving correction for multiple comparisons. While impulsivity may be related to reduced ventral striatal D2/3 receptors across sexes, males but not females may show significant reductions in post‐commissural putamen volume. These findings have important implications for understanding biological markers underlying sex differences in drug addiction vulnerability.
A proteomic analysis of contextual fear conditioned rats reveals dynamic modifications in neuron and oligodendrocyte protein expression in the dentate gyrus
Authors: Houyoux Nicolas , Wattiez Ruddy , Ris Laurence 
Published: August 2017

AbstractContextual memory is an intricate process involving synaptic plasticity and network rearrangement. Both are governed by many molecular processes including phosphorylation and modulation of protein expression. However, little is known about the molecules involved in it. Here, we exploited the advantages of a quantitative proteomic approach to identify a great number of molecules in the rat dentate gyrus after a contextual fear conditioning session. Our results allowed us to highlight protein expression patterns, not only related to neuroplasticity, but also to myelin structure, such as myelin basic protein and myelin proteolipid protein showing a decrease in expression. Validation of the modification in protein expression reveals a dynamic profile during the 48 h following the fear conditioning session. The expression of proteins involved in neurite outgrowth, such as BASP‐1 and calcineurin B1, and in synaptic structure and function, VAMP2 and RAB3C, was increased in the dentate gyrus of rats submitted to fear conditioning compared to controls. We showed that the increase in BASP‐1 protein was specific to fear conditioning learning as it was not present in immediate‐shock rats, neither in rats exposed to a novel environment without being shocked. As myelin is known to stabilise synaptic network, the decrease in myelin proteins suggests a neuroglia interactive process taking place in the dentate gyrus in the 24 h following contextual fear learning, which has never been demonstrated before. These results therefore open the way to the study of new plasticity mechanisms underlying learning and memory.
Olfactory bulb drives respiration‐coupled beta oscillations in the rat hippocampus
Authors: Lockmann André L. V. , Laplagne Diego A. , Tort Adriano B. L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe synchronization of neuronal oscillations has been suggested as a mechanism to coordinate information flow between distant brain regions. In particular, the olfactory bulb (OB) and the hippocampus (HPC) have been shown to exhibit oscillations in the beta frequency range (10–20 Hz) that are likely to support communication between these structures. Here, we further characterize features of beta oscillations in OB and HPC of rats anesthetized with urethane. We find that beta oscillations simultaneously appear in HPC and OB and phase‐lock across structures. Moreover, Granger causality analysis reveals that OB beta activity drives HPC beta. The laminar voltage profile of beta in HPC shows the maximum amplitude in the dentate gyrus (DG), spatially coinciding with olfactory inputs to this region. Finally, we also find that the respiratory cycle and respiration‐coupled field potential rhythms (1–2 Hz)—but not theta oscillations (3–5 Hz)—modulate beta amplitude in OB and HPC. In all, our results support the hypothesis that beta activity mediates the communication between olfactory and hippocampal circuits in the rodent brain.