bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hexamethylendiisocyanat, 2,4‐Toluylendiisocyanat, 2,6‐Toluylendiisocyanat, Isophorondiisocyanat und Diphenylmethan‐4,4′‐diisocyanat – Bestimmung von Hexamethylendiamin, 2,4‐Toluylendiamin, 2,6‐Toluylendiamin, Isophorondiamin und 4,4′‐Diaminodiphenylmethan in Urin mittels Gaschromatographie‐Massenspektrometrie [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2017]
Authors: Cocker J. , Jones K. , Leng G. , Gries W. , Budnik L.T. , Müller J. , Göen T. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe working group “Analyses in Biological Materials” of the Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area verified the present biomonitoring method.The described method allows the simultaneous determination of the metabolites of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 2,4‐toluenediamine and 2,6‐toluene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in human urine. After acid hydrolysis the released amines, hexamethylenediamine (HDA), 2,4‐, and 2,6‐toluenediamine (TDA), isophorone diamine (IPDA) and 4,4′‐methylenedianiline (4,4′‐MDA) are extracted from urine, derivatised using heptafluorobutyric anhydride and quantified by NCI‐GC‐MS. The method was extensively validated and the reliability data were confirmed by independent laboratories, which have established and cross‐checked the whole procedure
Hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate, 2,6‐toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and 4,4′‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate – Determination of hexamethylenediamine, 2,4‐toluenediamine, 2,6‐toluenediamine, isophoronediamine and 4,4′‐methylenedianiline in urine using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry [Biomonitoring Methods, 2017]
Authors: Cocker J. , Jones K. , Leng G. , Gries W. , Budnik L.T. , Müller J. , Göen T. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe working group “Analyses in Biological Materials” of the Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area verified the present biomonitoring method.The described method allows the simultaneous determination of the metabolites of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate and 2,6‐toluene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in human urine. After acid hydrolysis the released amines, hexamethylenediamine (HDA), 2,4‐toluenediamine, and 2,6‐toluenediamine (TDA), isophorone diamine (IPDA) and 4,4′‐methylenedianiline (4,4′‐MDA) are extracted from urine, derivatised using heptafluorobutyric anhydride and quantified by NCI‐GC‐MS. The method was extensively validated and the reliability data were confirmed by independent laboratories, which have established and cross‐checked the whole procedure.
Aluminum‐Doped Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals with Stable Blue Photoluminescence Used for Display Backlight
Authors: Liu Ming , Zhong Guohua , Yin Yongming , Miao Jingsheng , Li Ke , Wang Chengqun , Xu Xiuru , Shen Clifton , Meng Hong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBright and stable blue emitters with narrow full‐width at half‐maxima are particularly desirable for applications in television displays and related technologies. Here, this study shows that doping aluminum (Al3+) ion into CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) using AlBr3 can afford lead‐halide perovskites NCs with stable blue photoluminescence. First, theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that the extended band gap and quantum confinement effect of elongated shape give rise to the desirable blueshifted emission. Second, the aluminum ion incorporation path is rationalized qualitatively by invoking fundamental considerations about binding relations in AlBr3 and its dimer. Finally, the absence of anion‐exchange effect is corroborated when green CsPbBr3 and blue Al:CsPbBr3 NCs are mixed. Combinations of the above two NCs with red‐emitting CdSe@ZnS NCs result in UV‐pumped white light‐emitting diodes (LED) with an National Television System Committee (NTSC) value of 116% and ITU‐R Recommendation B.T. 2020 (Rec. 2020) of 87%. The color coordinates of the white LED are optimized at (0.32, 0.34) in CIE 1931. The results suggest that low‐cost, earth‐abundant, solution‐processable Al‐doped perovskite NCs can be promising candidate materials for blue down‐conversion layer in backlit displays.
Water Soluble Binder, an Electrochemical Performance Booster for Electrode Materials with High Energy Density
Authors: Li Jun‐Tao , Wu Zhan‐Yu , Lu Yan‐Qiu , Zhou Yao , Huang Qi‐Sen , Huang Ling , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBinders, though often used in small doses, play a crucial role in determining the electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries with high energy density. The traditional PVDF binder, which interacts with electrode materials via weak Van der Waals forces and consequently lacks the necessary capabilities (e.g., the suppression of significant volume variations, the interface maintenance etc.), could not fulfill the high demands of batteries with high energy density. Besides, extensive usage of the PVDF binder in the lithium ion battery is cost‐ineffective and may raise environmental concerns as its handling often needs the assistance of organic solvents. Herein, recent progresses on the development of novel eco‐friendly, low‐cost and water‐soluble binders which recently have gained increasing attention as a promising performance booster for lithium ion batteries with high energy density are reviewed. Such water soluble polymer binders are either natural, or modified, or synthesized, and they were observed with profoundly enhanced chemical/physical interactions with the electrode materials, stronger mechanical adhesion and evidently improved volume variation durability, leading to dramatic improvements in the electrochemical performances of Si‐based anodes, spinel/layered oxide cathodes and S cathodes. Perspectives for future research directions on water soluble binders are also discussed.
Is early postnatal growth velocity, a proxy of minipubertal androgen action, related to adult second‐to‐fourth digit (2D:4D) ratios in men? A test in Cebu, Philippines
Authors: Georgiev Alexander V. , Ryan Calen P. , Borja Judith B. , Kuzawa Christopher W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe ratio of the length of the second to the fourth digit (2D:4D) of the hand is often used as an index of prenatal androgen exposure but it might also be affected by androgens during “minipuberty,” a period of temporarily high testosterone (T) production in the first few months of life. To examine this, we tested the prediction that men with lower 2D:4D ratios had greater weight growth velocities during the first months of life—a metric recently shown to correlate with concurrent T levels.MethodsWe related early growth data to 2D:4D ratios of both hands measured in 756 men (25–26 years) from Cebu, The Philippines.ResultsBirth‐to‐fourth‐month (B4M) weight gain velocity (a proxy of early postnatal androgen action) was not associated with adult 2D:4D ratios of either hand, when the latter was measured continuously. When comparing men with more male‐typical digit ratios (<1.0) to those with more female‐typical ratios (≥ 1.0), the group of men with more male‐typical ratios had greater B4M weight velocity, but this was only the case for the left hand.ConclusionsWe found modest evidence that adult digit ratios relate to an anthropometric correlate of androgen exposure during minipuberty. Definitive assessment of the role of postnatal T in shaping digit ratios will require direct measures of perinatal T related to longitudinally assessed digit ratios.
Catalytic Divergent [3+3]‐ and [3+2]‐Cycloaddition by Discrimination Between Diazo Compounds
Authors: Deng Yongming , Massey Lynée A. , Rodriguez Núñez Yeray A. , Arman Hadi , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHighly selective divergent cycloaddition reactions of enoldiazo compounds and α‐diazocarboximides catalyzed by copper(I) or dirhodium(II) have been developed. With tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate as the catalyst epoxypyrrolo[1,2‐a]azepine derivatives were prepared in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities through the first reported [3+3]‐cycloaddition of a carbonyl ylide. Use of Rh2(pfb)4 or Rh2(esp)2 directs the reactants to regioselective [3+2]‐cycloaddition generating cyclopenta[2,3]pyrrolo[2,1‐b]oxazoles with good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities.
The structure and application of amine‐terminated hyperbranched polymer shale inhibitor for water‐based drilling fluid
Authors: Bai Xiaodong , Wang Hao , Luo Yumei , Zheng Xiaoxu , Zhang Xingyuan , Zhou Song , Pu Xiaolin 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTAmine‐terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP‐NH2), as an inhibitor in water‐based drilling fluid, is prepared by the polycondensation of diamine AB2 monomers. The primary amine and secondary amide structures are confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy. Through time of flight mass spectrometry, the molecular weight of HBP‐NH2 is mainly distributed in the range of 200–1400. Also, the quasi‐spherical shape and the high temperature resistance (200 °C) performance of HBP‐NH2 are, respectively, certified through the environmental scanning electron microscope and the thermogravimetric analysis. In the inhibition performance test, the linear expansion rate of sodium bentonite in 3 wt % HBP‐NH2 aqueous solution is only 11.42%, which is lower than other inhibitors (KCl, FA‐367, and HPAM). Zeta potential analysis shows that HBP‐NH2 has a strong ability to inhibit the hydration and dispersion of sodium bentonite by protonated primary amine groups. Compared with the base slurry, the absolute value of zeta potential is reduced by 25.5 mV in the slurry containing 3 wt % HBP‐NH2 at 180 rpm. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45466.
Increase in the length of poly(ethylene oxide) blocks in amphiphilic copolymers facilitates their cellular uptake
Authors: Grozdova Irene D. , Badun Gennadiy A. , Chernysheva Maria G. , Orlov Victor N. , Romanyuk Andrey V. , Melik‐Nubarov Nikolay S. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTAmphiphilic nonionic block copolymers induce different biological effects on living cells. In particular, the hydrophobic members of the Pluronics family suppress drug efflux systems in multidrug‐resistant cells, whereas hydrophilic Pluronics support cell viability. However, the relationship between the copolymer structure and its binding to cells is still unclear. Using a tritium‐labeling approach, we analyzed interactions of nine Pluronics and three diblock copolymers with human and murine cells in vitro and revealed that the binding efficiency of the copolymers increased in line with the length of their poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blocks. In contrast, partitioning of the same polymers into artificial lipid bilayers determined by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) decreased with increasing length of the PEO block. The opposite influence of hydrophilic blocks on the copolymer affinity to living cells and artificial lipid bilayers implied the binding of long PEO blocks to the hydrophilic moieties of cellular membranes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45492.
High throughput fiber reactor process for organic nanoparticle production: Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), polyacrylamide, and alginate
Authors: Jamkhindikar Sumit P. , Stretz Holly A. , Massingill John L. , Betancourt Tania 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe goal of the present research was to scale microfluidic technology to a high throughput system using a fiber reactor platform. The nanoparticles studied are used in nanomedicine as drug delivery devices or “cages.” This process complements new research into skid‐based pharmaceutical production. Alginate nanoparticles were successfully generated in this process ranging in size from 23 to 151 nm with 424 g/day throughput. Polyacrylamide (PAm) nanoparticles were also formed and crosslinked with sizes ranging from 79 to 117 nm with 662 g/day throughput. Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) nanoparticles with a size range of 12 to 63 nm and 650 g/day were produced as well. Both one‐ and two‐phase flows were demonstrated. The effects of changes in various process parameters on the formed nanoparticle morphology are documented. Tunable process control is demonstrated to reliably manipulate the PNIPAm nanoparticle lower critical solution temperature. Process temperature affected the mean diameter and size dispersity of all the nanoparticles. This was postulated to be due to a shearing effect arising from carrier viscosity changes. Flow rate affected the average particle diameter by 10%–30%, and temperature could be used to tune the NP diameter by 50% across a moderate process temperature range of 5 to 25 °C. The PDI was very responsive to process temperature as well, decreasing by almost 50% across the same temperature range. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45524.
Thermomechanical effects in the torsional actuation of twisted nylon 6 fiber
Authors: Aziz Shazed , Naficy Sina , Foroughi Javad , Brown Hugh R. , Spinks Geoffrey M. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThermally induced torsional and tensile actuators based on twisted polymeric fibers have opened new opportunities for the application of artificial muscles. These newly developed actuators show significant torsional deformations when subjected to temperature changes, and this torsional actuation is the defining mechanism for tensile actuation of twisted and coiled fibers. To date it has been found that these actuators require multiple heat/cool cycles (referred to as “training” cycles) prior to obtaining a fully reversible actuation response. Herein, the effect of annealing conditions applied to twisted nylon 6 monofilament is investigated and it is shown that annealing at 200 °C eliminates the need for the training cycles. Furthermore, the effect of an applied external torque on the torsional actuation is also investigated and torsional creep is shown to be affected by the temperature and load. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45529.
Aggregation of SND1 in Stress Granules is Associated with the Microtubule Cytoskeleton During Heat Shock Stimulus
Authors: Shao Jie , Gao Fei , Zhang Bingbing , Zhao Meng , Zhou Yunli , He Jinyan , Ren Li , Yao Zhi , Yang Jie , Su Chao , Gao Xingjie 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTStress granules (SGs) are dynamic dense structures in the cytoplasm that form in response to a variety of environmental stress stimuli. Staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain containing 1 (SND1) is a type of RNA‐binding protein and has been identified as a transcriptional co‐activator. Our previous studies have shown that SND1 is a component of the stress granule, which forms under stress conditions. Here, we observed that SND1 granules were often surrounded by ɑ‐tubulin‐microtubules in 45°C‐treated HeLa cells at 15 min or colocalized with microtubules at 30 or 45 min. Furthermore, Nocodazole‐mediated microtubule depolymerization could significantly affect the efficient recruitment of SND1 proteins to the SGs during heat shock stress. In addition, the 45°C heat shock mediated the enhancement of eIF2α phosphorylation, which was not affected by treatment with Nocodazole, an agent that disrupts the cytoskeleton. The intact microtubule cytoskeletal tracks are important for the efficient assembly of SND1 granules under heat shock stress and may facilitate SND1 shuttling between cytoplasmic RNA foci. Anat Rec, 300:2192–2199, 2017. © 2017 The Authors The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Coupling Molecular Photocatalysis to Enzymatic Conversion
Authors: Mengele Alexander K. , Seibold Gerd M. , Eikmanns Bernhard J. , Rau Sven 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA hetero‐binuclear dyad that contains a ruthenium polypyridyl moiety bound through an aromatic bridging ligand to an organometallic catalytic center has been used for the light‐driven reduction of the N‐benzyl‐3‐carbamoylpyridinium cation, NAD+, and NADP+ to yield the two‐electron‐reduced analog. Direct coupling with enzymatic conversion was proved by using UV/Vis spectroscopy and liquid chromatography, which showed cofactor‐recycling and enzymatic conversion with a turnover number of 350 per photocatalyst. First insights into the complex behavior of the catalytic system under irradiation point towards multiple prerequisites on the molecular as well as on the macroscopic level to generate highly efficient semiartificial photo‐biocatalytic systems for future energy‐storage applications.
Taming the High Reactivity of Gold(III) Fluoride: Fluorido Gold(III) Complexes with N‐Based Ligands
Authors: Ellwanger Mathias A. , Steinhauer Simon , Golz Paul , Beckers Helmut , Wiesner Anja , Braun‐Cula Beatrice , Braun Thomas , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of [NMe4][AuF4] and [NEt4][AuF4], as well as an improved one‐pot synthesis of Cs[AuF4], is reported. The new [AuF4]− salts were structurally characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. These salts are the first gold(III) fluoride salts that can be isolated in pure form and are convenient to be used in usual organic solvents for subsequent synthesis. The formation of molecular AuF3 complexes in solution is further reported, characterized as [F3Au(NCCH3)] at low temperature, as [F3Au(py)] and a binuclear derivative which are stable at room temperature. The stability of these species in common organic solvents was investigated and they showed a satisfying stability.
A pH‐sensitive Macromolecular Prodrug as TLR7/8 Targeting Immune Response Modifier
Authors: Aichhorn Stefan , Linhardt Anne , Halfmann Angela , Nadlinger Markus , Kirchberger Stefanie , Stadler Manuela , Dillinger Barbara , Distel Martin , Dohnal Alexander , Teasdale Ian , Schöfberger Wolfgang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe chemical synthesis and biological activity of novel functionalized imidazoquinoline derivatives (ImQ) to generate Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 7/8 specific prodrugs are presented. In vivo activity of ImQs to induce inflammation was confirmed in zebrafish larvae. After covalent ligation to fully biodegradable polyphosphazenes (ImQ‐polymer), the macromolecular prodrugs were designed to undergo intracellular pH‐sensitive release of ImQs to induce inflammation through binding to endosomal TLR7/8 (danger signal). We showed ImQ dissociation from prodrugs at a pH 5 pointing towards endosomal prodrug degradability. ImQ‐polymers strongly activated ovalbumin‐specific T cells in murine splenocytes as shown by increased proliferation and expression of the IL‐2 receptor (CD25) on CD8+ T cells accompanied by strong IFN‐γ release. ImQ prodrugs presented here are suggested to form the basis of novel nanovaccines, for example, for intravenous or intratumoral cancer immunotherapeutic applications to trigger physiological antitumor immune responses.
Melanopsin ganglion cell outer retinal dendrites: Morphologically distinct and asymmetrically distributed in the mouse retina
Authors: Sondereker Katelyn B. , Onyak Jessica R. , Islam Shakib W. , Ross Christopher L. , Renna Jordan M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA small population of retinal ganglion cells expresses the photopigment melanopsin and function as autonomous photoreceptors. They encode global luminance levels critical for light‐mediated non‐image forming visual processes including circadian rhythms and the pupillary light reflex. There are five melanopsin ganglion cell subtypes (M1–M5). M1 and displaced M1 (M1d) cells have dendrites that ramify within the outermost layer of the inner plexiform layer. It was recently discovered that some melanopsin ganglion cells extend dendrites into the outer retina. Outer Retinal Dendrites (ORDs) either ramify within the outer plexiform layer (OPL) or the inner nuclear layer, and while present in the mature retina, are most abundant postnatally. Anatomical evidence for synaptic transmission between cone photoreceptor terminals and ORDs suggests a novel photoreceptor to ganglion cell connection in the mammalian retina. While it is known that the number of ORDs in the retina is developmentally regulated, little is known about the morphology, the cells from which they originate, or their spatial distribution throughout the retina. We analyzed the morphology of melanopsin‐immunopositive ORDs in the OPL at different developmental time points in the mouse retina and identified five types of ORDs originating from either M1 or M1d cells. However, a pattern emerges within these: ORDs from M1d cells are generally longer and more highly branched than ORDs from conventional M1 cells. Additionally, we found ORDs asymmetrically distributed to the dorsal retina. This morphological analysis provides the first step in identifying a potential role for biplexiform melanopsin ganglion cell ORDs.
Fast synchronization‐free algorithms for parallel sparse triangular solves with multiple right‐hand sides
Authors: Liu Weifeng , Li Ang , Hogg Jonathan D. , Duff Iain S. , Vinter Brian 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe sparse triangular solve kernels, SpTRSV and SpTRSM, are important building blocks for a number of numerical linear algebra routines. Parallelizing SpTRSV and SpTRSM on today's manycore platforms, such as GPUs, is not an easy task since computing a component of the solution may depend on previously computed components, enforcing a degree of sequential processing. As a consequence, most existing work introduces a preprocessing stage to partition the components into a group of level‐sets or colour‐sets so that components within a set are independent and can be processed simultaneously during the subsequent solution stage. However, this class of methods requires a long preprocessing time as well as significant runtime synchronization overheads between the sets. To address this, we propose in this paper novel approaches for SpTRSV and SpTRSM in which the ordering between components is naturally enforced within the solution stage. In this way, the cost for preprocessing can be greatly reduced, and the synchronizations between sets are completely eliminated. To further exploit the data‐parallelism, we also develop an adaptive scheme for efficiently processing multiple right‐hand sides in SpTRSM. A comparison with a state‐of‐the‐art library supplied by the GPU vendor, using 20 sparse matrices on the latest GPU device, shows that the proposed approach obtains an average speedup of over two for SpTRSV and up to an order of magnitude speedup for SpTRSM. In addition, our method is up to two orders of magnitude faster for the preprocessing stage than existing SpTRSV and SpTRSM methods.
Provenance aware run‐time verification of things for self‐healing Internet of Things applications
Authors: Aktas Mehmet S. , Astekin Merve 
Published: July 2017

SummaryWe propose a run‐time verification mechanism of things for self‐healing capability in the Internet of Things domain. We discuss the software architecture of the proposed verification mechanism and its prototype implementations. To identify faulty running behavior of things, we utilize a complex event processing technique by applying rule‐based pattern detection on the events generated real time. For events, we use a descriptor metadata of the measurements (such as CPU usage, memory usage, and bandwidth usage) taken from Internet of Things devices. To understand the usability and effectiveness of the proposed mechanism, we developed prototype applications using different event processing platforms. We test the prototype implementations for performance and scalability under increasing message rates. The results are promising because the processing overhead of the proposed verification mechanism is negligible.