bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RHIZOBAKTERIA PENGHASIL FITOHORMON IAA PADA RHIZOSFIR TUMBUHAN SEMAK KARAMUNTING, TITONIA, DAN TANAMAN PANGAN
Authors: Agustian Agustian , Nuriyani Nuriyani , Maira Lusi , Emalinda Oktanis 
Published: November 2017

Rhizobacteria from various research results have shown an important role in producing organic compounds (phytohormone) which can affect plant physiological processes even in low concentrations. This research aimed to study the production of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) in several plants rhizosphere, to calculate the rhizobacteria population that able to produce and synthesize IAA and to isolate these rhizobacteria from several rhizospheres of cultivated plants (maize and peanut) and bush plant i.e. karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) and titonia (Tithonia diversifolia). All plants and crops were obtained from experimental station Faculty of Agriculture Andalas University. Further research is conducted in Soil Biology Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture. Experimental design in this study was not used but the data obtained from 3 replications tested by T test at 5% level and if it was significantly different it would be followed by further HSD tests at 5% level. Highest content of IAA was found in the peanut crop (67.30 ppm), followed by maize (53.61 ppm) and 28.53 ppm for titonia. Whereas the lowest content of IAA was found in karamunting rhizosphere, it was 22.29 ppm. The highest amount of rhizobacteria was obtained from peanut rhizosphere followed by maize and titonia i.e 18.28, 12.08 and 7.87% of the total population, respectively. There was no IAA producing rhizobacteria population was found in karamunting rhizosphere. Based on the results of the ability of the test to produce IAA in the King’s B liquid medium at low pH (pH 4.0), the leading isolates were obtained in each rhizosphere, namely: J.2b and J.3b isolates from maize rhizosphere; Kc.1b, Kc.2b and Kc.3b from peanut isolates, and Ti.3c isolates from titonia rhizosphere.Key words : Rhizobacteria, IAA, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Tithonia diversifolia, peanut and maize
PREDIKSI EROSI DAN SEDIMENTASI PADA BERBAGAI PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI SUB DAS DANAU LIMAU MANIS PADA DAS KURANJI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Aprisal Aprisal , Junaidi Junaidi 
Published: November 2017

Erosion prediction and sedimentation measurement in sub-watershed Danau Limau Manis was conducted to predict erosion and sedimentation from several land uses there, as well as to find out other types of land use being able to reduce erosion as tolerated one. Methods used for this research was divided into {1) soil map analyses(topography and land use), rainfall data, (2) survey and soil sampling in the field, (3) soil analyses in laboratory, and (4) data analyses using erosion model “USLE” and “Sediment Delivery Ratio”. The results showed that there 4 types of land use (mixed garden, settlement, farming, and bush) having erosion higher than tolerated erosion(etol). This was due to low plant density and many areas open, therefore, rainfall will directly struck soil aggregates causing dispersion. To eliminate or reduce the erosion rate into etol could be done by “agroecotechnology conservation”method. That is by increasing plant density, changing bush land into garden so that the crop coefficient will became 0.001. While at settlement area, it should be planted by perennial trees, built terrace and water ditch. Garden and bush land contributed highest amount of sediment, however it can be reduced if agroecotechnology conservation method is applied.Key word: watershed, erosion, sedimentation
Role of Gliricidia sepium in Improving Aggregate Stability of Ultisol Limau Manis Padang: A LABoratory study
Authors: Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita , Asmar Asmar , Purnamasari Vitria 
Published: November 2017

There is no much public concern about soil aggregate stability improvement of a soil. This is due to the fact that it does not directly affect crop yield for a short term, but it determines sustainable agriculture and development for a long term. This research was aimed to investigate soil physical properties especially soil aggregate stability of Ultisols after fresh OM application, then to determine the exact OM dosage to improve the stability. Ultisols used was from Limau Manis (± 367 m asl), an area in lower footslope of Mount Gadut, having wet tropical rainforest. Due to land use change, farming activities in that sloping area could enhance erosion process in the environment. Therefore, efforts to anticipate the erosion must be found. Fresh OM applied was Gliricidia sepium which was found plenty in the area. Five levels of fresh Gliricidia sepium, were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 t/ha. Top soil (0-20 cm depth) was mixed with OM, then incubated for 3 months in glasshouse. The results after a 3-month incubation showed that SOM content did not statistically increase, but it improved based on the criteria, from very low to low level as OM was applied for ≥ 10 t/ha. It seemed that 10 t/ha Gliricidia sepium was the best dosage at this condition. There was a positive correlation between SOM content and aggregate stability index of Ultisols after fresh Gliricidia sepium addition.Keywords: Ultisols, soil aggregate stability, soil organic matter content
Effect of Aeration Rates on the Composting Process and Loss of Nitrogen during Composting
Authors: Zhi-Qiang Xiong , Guo-Xing Wang , Zhao-Chen Huo , Lei Yan , Ya-Mei Gao , Yan-Jie Wang , Ji-Dong Gu , Wei-Dong Wang 
Published: November 2017

Composting is a controlled biological process used to stabilize and transform waste into a soil treatment. Aeration rate is one factor that controls the process of composting, as it ensures the growth of adequate aerobic microbe populations. To investigate the effect of aeration rates on the physicochemical indexes of compost and the loss of nitrogen content during composting, aerobic composting processes with different aeration rates (A: 0.2 L min-1 kg-1 TS, B: 0.05 L min-1 kg-1 TS and C: 0 L min-1 kg-1 TS) were studied. Ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and other factors in compost samples from different periods were measured. The results showed that aeration rate significantly affected O2 content under different conditions. The aeration rate also significantly affected water content, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrogen loss. NH3 emissions increased as aeration rates increased at high temperatures owing to nitrogen loss. These results showed that aeration rate had a significant effect on total nitrogen and ammonia emissions (p<0.05). Thus, optimization of the ventilation method could significantly increase seed germination rate.
Riesgo coronario en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Gallegos Cobo Andrés Eduardo , Moreno Martín Gustavo 
Published: November 2017

Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus y las enfermedades cardiovasculares se encuentran entre las principales enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles. Los conocimientos sobre la relación entre la Diabetes Mellitus y el riesgo cardiovascular se iniciaron en 1948 con el estudio Framingham.Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo coronario en pacientes con DM tipo II, atendidos en el servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital IESS de Ambato. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo y retrospectivo de enero a diciembre del año 2013. La muestra consistió en 101 pacientes diabéticos hospitalizados en el servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital IESS Ambato. El análisis incluyo características antropométricas, antecedentes médicos, determinaciones analíticas y complementarias.Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes con edad entre 75 y 89 años (n=33 32.7%). El 61.4% de la muestra estudiada presentó índice de masa corporal superior al valor normal. El 60.4% de los pacientes presentó algún grado de afectación renal. Según el método del índice tobillo-brazo casi la totalidad de los pacientes presentaron algún grado enfermedad arterial periférica (n=94 93.1%). El riesgo de enfermedad coronaria se relacionó positivamente con variables como la edad, el tiempo de evolución de la diabetes y la microalbuminuria (p=0.000).Conclusiones: Se pudo constatar el elevado riesgo coronario de los pacientes diabéticos descompensado. La estratificación de este riesgo será muy útil a la hora de definir el abordaje del paciente en virtud de una revascularización miocárdica o del tratamiento farmacológico tradicional.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A immunohistochemical profile and deletion pattern in dystrophin gene in North Indian population
Authors: Agarwal Rachna , Chaturvedi Sujata , Chhillar Neelam , Pant Ishita , Sharma Anuradha 
Published: November 2017

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), one of the most common X linked muscular disorder, affecting 1 in 3500 male births and is caused by mutation in dystrophin gene. 65% of DMD cases are caused by large deletion of dystrophin gene, followed by duplication (5-10%) or point mutation (25-30%). There is wide mutation spectrum of the mutations in dystrophin gene. Hence, population specific information is needed on mutation spectrum and frequency of common mutations occurring in that particular population for appropriate counseling, prenatal diagnosis and for developing genetic therapy in future. Aims and Objectives: To find out the frequency and distribution of deletion in dystrophin gene in DMD patients along with contribution of pathology and genetic testing in diagnosis of DMD and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) in North Indian population.Materials and Methods: Dystrophin gene was screened for deletion by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of 41 patients, 09 patients underwent muscle biopsy, on which immunohistochemistry was performed for dystrophin, sarcoglycan, dysferlin and merosin.Results: Majority of the deletions were located in distal hotspot region (26/39 ~66.66%) which includes the exons 45-55 and 15.38% of deletions were located at the proximal hotspot region (2- 19 exons).Conclusion: In the present study, 34% patients only showed deletion. Hence complete work up of any muscular dystrophy requires immnohistochemical analysis to see the expression of muscle proteins along with multipleplex PCR test to detect any exon deletion, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to detect point mutation and duplication and western blotting to quantify the dystrophin protein.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(6) 2017 13-18
Book Reviews
Authors: Miranda-Barreiro David , Herte Michelle , Sutliff Sanders Joe , McKinney Mark 
Published: November 2017

Santiago García (trans. Bruce Campbell), On the Graphic Novel (Jackson:
University Press of Mississippi, 2015). 375 pp. ISBN: 978-1-49681-318-3
($30)Jan-Noël Thon, Transmedial Narratology and Contemporary Media Culture, Frontiers of Narrative (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2016). 527 pp. ISBN: 978-0-80-327720-5 (€50.99)Thierry Bellefroid, ed., L’Âge d’Or de la bande dessinée belge: La Collection
du Musée des Beaux-Arts de Liège (Brussels: Les Impressions Nouvelles,
2015). 96 pp. ISBN: 978-2-87-449232-7 (€19.50)Philippe Delisle, Petite histoire politique de la BD belge de langue française:
Années 1920–1960 (Paris: Karthala, 2016). 199 pp. ISBN: 978-2-81-
111717-7 (€15)
Significant increase in acute subdural hematoma in octo- and nonagenarians: surgical treatment, functional outcome, and predictors in this patient cohort
Authors: Won Sae-Yeon , Dubinski Daniel , Brawanski Nina , Strzelczyk Adam , Seifert Volker , Freiman Thomas M. , Konczalla Juergen 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVEAcute subdural hematoma (aSDH) is a common disease increasing in prevalence given the demographic growth of the aging population. Yet, the benefit of surgical treatment for aSDH and the subsequent functional outcome in elderly patients (age ≥ 80 years) remain unclear. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of aSDH in patients 80 years or older, determine overall functional outcome, identify predictors of an unfavorable or favorable outcome, and establish specific risk factors for seizures.METHODSThe authors retrospectively analyzed patients 80 years and older who presented with isolated aSDH in the past 10 years at their institution. The following parameters were assessed: baseline characteristics, clinical status on admission and 24 hours after surgery, and clinical course. Functional outcome was assessed at discharge and the 3-month follow-up (FU).RESULTSIn the period from January 2007 to December 2016, 165 patients with aSDH were admitted to the authors’ institution. Sixty-eight patients (41.2%) were 80 years old or older, and the mean age overall was 85 years (range 80–96 years). The incidence of aSDH in the elderly had significantly increased over past decade, with more than 50% of patients admitted to our institution for aSDH now being 80 years or older. The overall mortality rate was 28% at discharge and 48% at the FU. Independent predictors of an unfavorable outcome at discharge were a GCS score ≤ 8 at 24 hours after operation (p < 0.001) and pneumonia (p < 0.02). At the FU, a GCS score ≤ 8 at 24 hours after operation (p < 0.001) and cumulative comorbidities (≥ 5; p < 0.05) were significant independent predictors. All patients with more than 6 comorbidities had died by the FU. Surgical treatment in comatose compared to noncomatose patients had statistically significant, higher mortality rates at discharge and the FU. Still, 23% of the comatose patients and more than 50% of the noncomatose patients had a favorable outcome at the FU (p = 0.06).CONCLUSIONSThe number of octo- and nonagenarians with aSDH significantly increased over the last decade. These patients can achieve a favorable outcome, especially those with a noncomatose status and fewer than 5 comorbidities. Surgical and nonsurgical treatment of octo- and nonagenarians during and after discharge should be optimized to increase clinical improvement.
Morbidity and mortality associated with hypernatremia in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Vedantam Aditya , Robertson Claudia S. , Gopinath Shankar P. 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVEHypernatremia is independently associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients. Few studies have evaluated the impact of hypernatremia on early mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) treated in a neurocritical care unit.METHODSA retrospective review of patients with severe TBI (admission Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 8) treated in a single neurocritical care unit between 1986 and 2012 was performed. Patients with at least 3 serum sodium values were selected for the study. Patients with diabetes insipidus and those with hypernatremia on admission were excluded. The highest serum sodium level during the hospital stay was recorded, and hypernatremia was classified as none (≤ 150 mEq/L), mild (151–155 mEq/L), moderate (156–160 mEq/L), and severe (> 160 mEq/L). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of early mortality.RESULTSA total of 588 patients with severe TBI were studied. The median number of serum sodium measurements for patients in this study was 17 (range 3–190). No hypernatremia was seen in 371 patients (63.1%), mild hypernatremia in 77 patients (13.1%), moderate hypernatremia in 50 patients (8.5%), and severe hypernatremia in 90 patients (15.3%). Hypernatremia was detected within the 1st week of admission in 79.3% of patients (n = 172), with the majority of patients (46%) being diagnosed within 72 hours after admission. Acute kidney injury, defined as a rise in creatinine of ≥ 0.3 mg/dl, was observed in 162 patients (27.6%) and was significantly associated with the degree of hypernatremia (p < 0.001). At discharge, 148 patients (25.2%) had died. Hypernatremia was a significant independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratios for mild: 3.4, moderate: 4.4, and severe: 8.4; p < 0.001). Survival analysis showed significantly lower survival rates for patients with greater degrees of hypernatremia (log-rank test, p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSHypernatremia after admission in patients with severe TBI was independently associated with greater risk of early mortality. In addition to severe hypernatremia, mild and moderate hypernatremia were significantly associated with increased early mortality in patients with severe TBI.
Somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with high-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Mende Klaus Christian , Gelderblom Mathias , Schwarz Cindy , Czorlich Patrick , Schmidt Nils Ole , Vettorazzi Eik , Regelsberger Jan , Westphal Manfred , Abboud Tammam 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this prospective study was to investigate the value of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in predicting outcome in patients with high-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).METHODSBetween January 2013 and January 2015, 48 patients with high-grade SAH (Hunt and Hess Grade III, IV, or V) who were admitted within 3 days after hemorrhage were enrolled in the study. Right and left median and tibial nerve SEPs were recorded on Day 3 after hemorrhage and recorded again 2 weeks later. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were determined 6 months after hemorrhage and dichotomized as poor (Scores 1–3) or good (Scores 4–5). Results of SEP measurements were dichotomized (present or missing cortical responses or normal or prolonged latencies) for each nerve and side. These variables were summed and tested using logistic regression and a receiver operating characteristic curve to assess the value of SEPs in predicting long-term outcome.RESULTSAt the 6-month follow-up visit, 29 (60.4%) patients had a good outcome, and 19 (39.6%) had a poor outcome. The first SEP measurement did not correlate with clinical outcome (area under the curve [AUC] 0.69, p = 0.52). At the second measurement of median nerve SEPs, all patients with a good outcome had cortical responses present bilaterally, and none of them had bilateral prolonged latencies (p = 0.014 and 0.003, respectively). In tibial nerve SEPs, 7.7% of the patients with a good GOS score had one or more missing cortical responses, and bilateral prolonged latencies were found in 23% (p = 0.001 and 0.034, respectively). The second measurement correlated with the outcome regarding each of the median and tibial nerve SEPs and the combination of both (AUC 0.75 [p = 0.010], 0.793 [p = 0.003], and 0.81 [p = 0.001], respectively).CONCLUSIONSEarly SEP measurement after SAH did not correlate with clinical outcome, but measurement of median and tibial nerve SEPs 2 weeks after a hemorrhage did predict long-term outcome in patients with high-grade SAH.
Traumatic brain injury and intracranial hemorrhage–induced cerebral vasospasm: a systematic review
Authors: Al-Mufti Fawaz , Amuluru Krishna , Changa Abhinav , Lander Megan , Patel Neil , Wajswol Ethan , Al-Marsoummi Sarmad , Alzubaidi Basim , Singh I. Paul , Nuoman Rolla , Gandhi Chirag 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVELittle is known regarding the natural history of posttraumatic vasospasm. The authors review the pathophysiology of posttraumatic vasospasm (PTV), its associated risk factors, the efficacy of the technologies used to detect PTV, and the management/treatment options available today.METHODSThe authors performed a systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and CENTRAL (the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials). Outcome variables extracted from each study included epidemiology, pathophysiology, time course, predictors of PTV and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), optimal means of surveillance and evaluation of PTV, application of multimodality monitoring, modern management and treatment options, and patient outcomes after PTV. Study types were limited to retrospective chart reviews, database reviews, and prospective studies.RESULTSA total of 40 articles were included in the systematic review. In many cases of mild or moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), imaging or ultrasonographic studies are not performed. The lack of widespread assessment makes finding the true overall incidence of PTV a difficult endeavor. The clinical consequences of PTV are important, given the morbidity that can result from it. DCI manifests as new-onset neurological deterioration that occurs beyond the timeframe of initial brain injury. While there are many techniques that attempt to diagnose cerebral vasospasm, digital subtraction angiography is the gold standard. Some predictors of PTV include SAH, intraventricular hemorrhage, low admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (< 9), and young age (< 30 years).CONCLUSIONSGiven these results, clinicians should suspect PTV in young patients presenting with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), especially SAH and/or intraventricular hemorrhage, who present with a GCS score less than 9. Monitoring and regulation of CNS metabolism following TBI/ICH-induced vasospasm may play an important adjunct role to the primary prevention of vasospasm.
The 21st-century challenge to neurocritical care: the rise of the superbug Acinetobacter baumannii. A meta-analysis of the role of intrathecal or intraventricular antimicrobial therapy in reduction of mortality
Authors: Mohammed Nasser , Savardekar Amey R. , Patra Devi Prasad , Narayan Vinayak , Nanda Anil 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVENeurosurgical infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms have become a nightmare that neurosurgeons are facing in the 21st century. This is the dawn of the so-called postantibiotic era. There is an urgent need to review and evaluate ways to reduce the high mortality rates due to these infections. The present study evaluates the efficacy of combined intravenous plus intrathecal or intraventricular (IV + IT) therapy versus only intravenous (IV) therapy in treating postneurosurgical Acinetobacter baumannii infections.METHODSThe authors performed a meta-analysis of all peer-reviewed studies from the PubMed, Cochrane Library database, ScienceDirect, and EMBASE in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Five studies were finally included in the present analysis: 126 patients were studied who had postneurosurgical A. baumannii infection. The Cochrane collaboration tool was used to evaluate risk of bias, and a test of heterogeneity was performed. The I2 statistic was calculated. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the IV group received only intravenous therapy and the IV + IT group received both intravenous and intrathecal or intraventricular antimicrobial therapy. The outcome was mortality attributed specifically to A. baumannii infection in postneurosurgical cases. The pooled data were analyzed using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method in a fixed-effects model.RESULTSThe total number of patients in the IV-only group was 73, and the number of patients in the IV + IT group was 53. The mean duration of intravenous therapy was 27 days. The mean duration of intrathecal colistin was 21 days. The intravenous dose of colistin ranged from 3.75 to 8.8 MIU per day. The dose of intrathecal colistin ranged between 125,000 and 250,000 IU per day. The overall calculated odds ratio for mortality for the IV + IT group after pooling the data was 0.16 (95% CI 0.06–0.40, p < 0.0001). The patients who received IV + IT therapy had an 84% lower risk of dying due to the infection compared with those who received only IV therapy.CONCLUSIONSThere is an 84% lower risk of mortality in patients who have been treated with combined intrathecal or intraventricular plus intravenous antimicrobial therapy versus those who have been treated with intravenous therapy alone. The intrathecal or intraventricular route should be strongly considered when dealing with postneurosurgical multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infections.