bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heteromodal Cortical Areas Encode Sensory-Motor Features of Word Meaning
Authors: Fernandino Leonardo , Humphries Colin J. , Conant Lisa L. , Seidenberg Mark S. , Binder Jeffrey R. 
Published: September 2016

The capacity to process information in conceptual form is a fundamental aspect of human cognition, yet little is known about how this type of information is encoded in the brain. Although the role of sensory and motor cortical areas has been a focus of recent debate, neuroimaging studies of concept representation consistently implicate a network of heteromodal areas that seem to support concept retrieval in general rather than knowledge related to any particular sensory-motor content. We used predictive machine learning on fMRI data to investigate the hypothesis that cortical areas in this “general semantic network” (GSN) encode multimodal information derived from basic sensory-motor processes, possibly functioning as convergence–divergence zones for distributed concept representation. An encoding model based on five conceptual attributes directly related to sensory-motor experience (sound, color, shape, manipulability, and visual motion) was used to predict brain activation patterns associated with individual lexical concepts in a semantic decision task. When the analysis was restricted to voxels in the GSN, the model was able to identify the activation patterns corresponding to individual concrete concepts significantly above chance. In contrast, a model based on five perceptual attributes of the word form performed at chance level. This pattern was reversed when the analysis was restricted to areas involved in the perceptual analysis of written word forms. These results indicate that heteromodal areas involved in semantic processing encode information about the relative importance of different sensory-motor attributes of concepts, possibly by storing particular combinations of sensory and motor features.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe present study used a predictive encoding model of word semantics to decode conceptual information from neural activity in heteromodal cortical areas. The model is based on five sensory-motor attributes of word meaning (color, shape, sound, visual motion, and manipulability) and encodes the relative importance of each attribute to the meaning of a word. This is the first demonstration that heteromodal areas involved in semantic processing can discriminate between different concepts based on sensory-motor information alone. This finding indicates that the brain represents concepts as multimodal combinations of sensory and motor representations.
Development of Digital Scale Based on Fluxgate Sensor
Authors: Djamal Mitra 
Published: September 2016

<p>Fluxgate is a magnetic sensor which works by comparing the measurement magnetic field with the magnetic field reference. This research aims to develop digital scales using fluxgate sensor. The steps involved were sensor development, characterization, distance and mass calibration of the fabricated sensor. Here, a digital scale based on fluxgate sensor with oval vitrovac 6025Z type core, 360 windings of excitation coil and 240 windings of pick up coil was successfully fabricated. Characterization result shows that the sensor has 1669.2 mV/μT sensitivity and working area of about ± 1.9 μT, with maximum absolute error found out to be around 0.0573 μT with maximum relative error is 1.464 %. Calibrated sensor value obtained reveals that the sensor works from 15.86 until 27.00 mm in distance, utilizing equation of relationship between mass and output voltage with the maximum relative error obtained as low as 1.49 %.</p>
Preparation and Characterization of Calcium Oxide Heterogeneous Catalyst Derived from Anadara Granosa Shell for Biodiesel Synthesis
Authors: Linggawati Amilia 
Published: September 2016

<p>The aims of this study were to prepare and characterize environment-friendly calcium oxide (CaO) heterogeneous catalysts from blood cockle (<em>Anadara granosa</em>) shells and utilize for the synthesis of biodiesel. In this study, biodiesel was produced by transesterification reaction of waste frying oil with methanol using the CaO catalyst. The catalysts were prepared by crushing and calcining of <em>Anadara granosa</em> shells at 800 <sup>o</sup>C and 900 ºC for 10 hours. The resulting CaO catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray flourescense spectrometry (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD patterns of calcined catalyst showed intense peaks of calcium oxide (2θ = 32.24<sup>o</sup>, 37.38<sup>o</sup> and 64.16<sup>o</sup>), and it was consistent with XRF results (&gt;99% of CaO found) that revealed calcium was the major element present in the <em>Anadara granosa</em> shells. The maximum yield of biodiesel produced was 82.25% under reaction conditions of catalyst loading of 3 wt.%, methanol to oil ratio of 15:1, reaction time of 3 h, temperature of 60 <sup>o</sup>C and using a catalyst calcined at 900 <sup>o</sup>C. </p>
Meso Carbon Micro Bead (MCMB) Based Graphitized Carbon for Negative Electrode in Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Rohman Fadli 
Published: September 2016

Lithium ion battery performance of graphitized Meso Carbon Micro Beads (MCMB) as an anode material was investigated in full cell battery system containing LiCoO<sub>2</sub> cathode, PE separator and LiPF<sub>6</sub> electrolyte. The commercial MCMB, which was fabricated by Linyi<sup>TM</sup>, was sintered at 500⁰C for five hour to make graphitized MCMB. The microstructure of graphitized MCMB was characterized using XRD and SEM to show the crystalinity, crystal phase and morphology of the MCMB particle. The result indicated that the crystal phase of the sample was changed into graphitized carbon .The electrode was made using coating method. We used copper foil as the substrate for anode. The anode materials consist of graphitized MCMB (active material), Polyvinylidene fluoride/PVDF (binder) and acetylene black (additive material). Full cell battery was tested using charge-discharge and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. From the CV characterization, cyclic voltammograms of the cell show characteristic lithium intercalation through reduction-oxidation peak. Charge-discharge test showed the discharge and charge capacity of the cells. According charge discharge test, commercial MCMB was better that graphitized MCMB.
Preparations and Characterizations of Hierarchical Macropore Activated Carbon Monolith Electrode from Rubber Wood for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Taer Erman 
Published: September 2016

<p>Preparation of hierarchical macropore activated carbon monolith (HMACM) from rubber wood was investigated. The samples were prepared with small cutting of rubber wood in cross sectional method. The electrode preparation was started by pre-carbonization process followed by carbonization at 600 <sup>o</sup>C and physical activation process at 900<sup> o</sup>C in N<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> gas atmosphere, respectively. The samples then were followed by chemical activation process with combination of chemical activation agent of KOH and HNO3 solutions. The HMACMs were neutralized by immersing the samples in copious amount of water and dried the samples for 24 hours. Porosity properties were performed by N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption data and morphology characterization was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) instrument. The electrochemical properties was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge at constan current methode. The SEM micrograph and adsorption-desorption data were also proved that the HMACM sample have a hierarchical macropore at the surface and crossectional section. The porosity data shown the HMACM sample have BET surface area of 331 m<sup>2</sup>/g with average pore diameter of 1.7 nm. Equivalent series resistance and optimum capacitance specific of the HMACM electrode of 0.77 Ohm and 154 F/g, respectively. In conclusion, this study showed that the preparation method would propose as a simple method of HMACM electrode preparation technique for supercapacitor applications.</p>
Value Chain Analysis of Palm Oil Biodiesel through a Hybrid (ISO-Eco) Life Cycle Assessment Approach
Authors: Manik Yosef 
Published: September 2016

<p class="TTPParagraph1st">This study assesses the life-cycle impacts of palm oil biodiesel value chain in order to provide insights toward holistic sustainability awareness on the current development of bio-based energy policy. The assessment methodology was performed under a hybrid approach combining ISO-14040 Life Cycle Assessment (ISO-LCA) technique and Ecologically-based Life Cycle Assessment (Eco-LCA) methodology. The scope of this study covers all stages in palm oil biodiesel value chain or is often referred to as “cradle-to-grave” analysis. The functional unit to which all inputs and outputs were calculated is the production of 1 ton of biodiesel. For the analysis, life cycle inventory data were collected from professional databases and from scholarly articles addressing global palm oil supply chains. The inventory analysis yields a linked flow associating the land used, fresh fruit bunch (FFB), crude palm oil (CPO), per functional unit of 1 kg of palm oil biodiesel (POB). The linked flow obtained in the inventory analysis were then normalized and characterized following the characterization model formulated inISO-LCA guidelines. The aggregation of ecological inputs was classified based on the mass and energy associated to each unit process in the value chain, which are cultivation, extraction, conversion, and utilization. It is noted that compared to other unit processes, cultivation is the most crucial unit process within the whole palm oil biodiesel value chain. This study serves as a big picture about the current state of palm oil biodiesel value chain, which will be beneficial for further improving oversight of the policy making and service toward sustainable development.</p><p class="TTPKeywords"><strong><span> </span></strong></p>
Effect Of U-9mo/Al Fuel Densities On Neutronic And Steady State Thermal Hydraulic Parameters Of Mtr Type Research Reactor
Authors: PINEM Surian 
Published: September 2016

<p>The objectives of this research work are to carry out a detailed neutronic and steady state thermal hydraulics analysis for a MTR research reactor fuelled with the low enrichment U-9Mo/Al dispersion fuels of various uranium densities. The high density uranium fuel will increase the cycle length of the reactor operation and the heat flux in the reactor core. The increasing heat flux at the fuel will causing increase the temperature of the fuel and cladding so that the coolant velocity has to be increased. However, the coolant velocity in the fuel element has a limit value due to the thermal hydraulic stability considerations in the core. Therefore, the neutronic and the steady state thermal hydraulic analysis are important in the design and operation of nuclear reactor safety. The calculations were performed using WIMS-D5 and MTRDYN codes. The WIMS-D5 code used for generating the group constants of all core materials as well as the neutronic and steady state thermal hydraulic parameters were determined by using the MTRDYN code. The calculation results showed that the excess reactivity increases as the uranium density increases since the mass of fuel in the reactor core is increased. Using the critical velocity concept, the maximum coolant velocity at fuel channel is 11.497 m/s. The maximum temperatures of the coolant, cladding and fuel meat with the uranium density of 3,66 g/cc are 70.85°C, 150.79°C and 153.24°C, respectively. The maximum temperatures are fulfilled the design limit so reactor has a safe operation at the nominal power.</p>
Radionuclide Disperse To Environtment From Pwr Reactor On Severe Accident Condition Using Maccs Program
Authors: Kuntjoro Sri 
Published: September 2016

<p>The atmosphere is an important pathway in the transfer of radionuclides from nuclear power plants into the environment and population. Acceptance of radiation dose to the environment and population affected by the radionuclides release and site conditions surrounding of the nuclear power plant. The radionuclides release in the atmosphere is determined by the dispersion coefficient parameter. The aim of this paper is to obtain dispersion coefficient and radionuclide released in Sebagin (West Bangka district) caused by severe accident condition from the PWR Nuclear Power Plant. Dispersion analysis of radionuclides into the environment from nuclear power PWR on severe accident conditions have been done using MACCS program. Reference for the calculation of source term fraction is selected from calculation results of the MELCOR computer code and it is implemented to PWR reactors Westinghouse 3411 MWth subject. The calculation of radionuclides release performed using MACCS program for aspiring nuclear power plant site in West Bangka. Simulation calculations for the area radius from 0.80 kmup to 20 km from the nuclear power plant site are performed. Meteorological datas used in calculation are the meteorology data from Sebagin meteorological stations for the years of 2012 period. The result is the dispersion coefficient decreases as a function of time and distance. The concentration of radionuclides through soil pathway decreases as a function of the distance, and the dominant contributor of radionuclide radiation Xe-133 and I-131. Radionuclide concentrations obtained through the air pathway decreases as a function of distance, and dominant contributors of radionuclide radiation is contributed also from I-131 and Xe-133. The presence of I-131 radionuclides are giving dangerous to humans, it is necessary to further treatment for prevent its impacts. </p>
Flexblue® Underwater Reactor: Introduction To The Concept And To The Passive Safety Strategy For A Steam Generator Tube Rupture Accident
Authors: GOURMEL Vincent 
Published: September 2016

<p>Nuclear power plants (NPPs), which are operating and under construction are large-scale reactors with an electrical output around 1,000 MWe. These plants do not address the needs of developing countries or archipelagos, where the grids are smaller and the investment capacities are limited. For this reason, many nuclear designers develop Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), which can generate electrical output below 300 MWe. DCNS offers a FLEXBLUE<sup>®</sup> as a solution to the problem. FLEXBLUE<sup>®</sup> is a subsea-based Small Modular Reactor and fully transportable nuclear module. A FLEXBLUE<sup>®</sup> module is designed for the single purpose of delivering electricity to the grid. Its power output is 160 MWe and is sent to the grid by submarine cables. The goal of this study is to work out an innovative strategy to handle a steam generator tube rupture with passive systems only, without releasing any radioactive elements to the environment, and without flooding the containment.<strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Is it worth being socially responsible?
Authors: Csapóné Riskó Tünde , Péntek Ádám , Wiwczaroski Troy 
Published: September 2016

Several definitions for corporate social responsibility (CSR) exist and these vary greatly as to the activities it should cover and their motivators. Among the benefits of CSR are positive marketing/brand building, brand insurance and employee loyalty. Numerous arguments against CSR prevail, e.g. social responsibility is not a problem that belongs in the sphere of activities a corporation should be addressing or even that CSR distracts businesses from addressing the primary need to concentrate on sales. Thus, the strong economic question: is CSR worth it? In 2014, we carried out a representative survey in Hungary, in which the effects of responsible business practices on consumer purchase behaviour were studied. With our research results, we could show that there is a considerable gap between the apparent interest of consumers in CSR and the limited role of CSR in purchase behaviour.
JEL classification:M104
Challenges to sustainable rural development in Russia: social issues and regional divergences
Authors: Lisova Olga , Erokhin Vasily , Ivolga Anna 
Published: September 2016

Paper aims at investigation of contemporary approaches to sustainable rural development in Russia. It includes the overview of current experiences in rural development, analysis of major economic and social indicators of rural areas in comparison with urban ones. Analysis included the set of indicators such as number of rural people, number of rural settlements, rates of births and mortalities, natural and migration increases and declines of population, rates of employment and unemployment, average monthly nominal per capita wages, and level of the subsistence minimum. Indicators have been measured separately for rural and urban areas; regions have been grouped in relation to the particular indicator. The research is concluded by discovery of growth points for rural development and a set of recommendations on perspective measures of state and local policies in rural areas, directed on increase of living standards of rural population and retention of labour resources in their traditional rural areas of inhabitation.
JEL: Q18, P25
Diskresi Seponering dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam: Studi Kasus Pidana Korupsi Bibit Samad Rianto dan Chandra Martha Hamzah
Authors: Hasan Damiri 
Published: September 2016

Tulisan ini mengkaji mengenai diskresi seponering. Seponering adalah hak istimewa Jaksa Agung untuk mengesampingkan perkara atau memetieskan suatu perkara karena alasan kepentingan umum setelah mendapat saran atau masukan dari institusi terkait dibidang hukum. Mensikapi tentang seponering kasus Bibit Samad Rianto dan Chandra Martha Hamzah dalam pandangan hukum pidana Islam itu adalah adil. Mengingat kedua orang tersebut sebagai pimpinan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi yang mempunyai tugas berat dan besar. Namun sebagai muslim memberi catatan khusus bahwa pertama, Bibit Samad Rianto dan Chandra Martha Hamzah harus mengembalikan semua uang hasil korupsi kepada negara, kedua Bibit Samad Rianto dan Chandra Martha harus minta maaf kepada publik melalui media dan berjanji tidak akan mengulangi perbuatan itu. This article examines the Seponering discretion. Seponering is the privilege of the Attorney General to override or freeze a court case for reasons of public interest after getting feedback from the relevant institutions in the field of law. In response about Seponering case of Bibit and Chandra Martha Hamzah in the view of Islamic criminal law is fair. Considering that the two men are the leaders of the Corruption Eradication Commission which have heavy and bulky duty. but Muslims, they are given a special note that first, Bibit and Chandra Martha Hamzah should return all the corruption money to the state, both Bibit and Chandra Martha have to apologize to the public through the media and vowed not to reiterate the act.
Refleksi Etika Kebahagiaan dalam Novel Khotbah di Atas Bukit Karya Kuntowijoyo
Authors: Santiana Lina 
Published: September 2016

Novel Khotbah Di Atas Bukit Karya Kuntowijoyo mengandung nilai-nilai etika kebahagiaan yang sama dengan Epikuros. Dimana Epikuros menghendaki untuk mencapai kebahagiaan seseorang harus mencari nikmat yang sebanyak-banyaknya dengan menghindari pertanyaan-pertanyaan, dan pikiran-pikiran yang membuat kesakitan badan dan jiwa. dengan itu Epikuros menghendaki keutamaan-keutamaan seperti kesederhanaan, tahu diri, penguasaan diri dan kebijaksanaan. Bergitu pula dalam Novel Khotbah Di Atas Bukit Karya Kuntowijoyo, dimana kuntowijoyo dalam novel khotbah di atas bukit menghendaki agar untuk bahagia seseorang harus mencari nikmat dan menghindari segala hal yang membuat kesakitan badan, sehingga jiwa menjadi resah. Dengan memperhatikan keutamaan seperti, kesederhanaan, penguasaan diri, dan kebijaksanaan. Kuntowijoyo’s novel “Khotbah Di Atas Bukit” containing ethical values of happiness in common with the Epicurean. Where Epicurean desires to achieve happiness, one must find favor as much as possible to avoid the questions and thoughts that make body and soul in the pain. With it, the Epicurean requires virtues such as modesty, knowing oneself, self-control and wisdom. Similarly, in the Kuntowijoyo’s Novel “Khotbah Di Atas Bukit”, Kuntowijoyo requires that to be happy one must seek favor and avoid pain of all the things that make the body and the soul becomes restless. Having regard to such virtues, modesty, self-control and wisdom.
Patient Compliance with Postoperative Lower-Extremity Non-Weight-Bearing Restrictions
Authors: Chiodo Christopher P. , Macaulay Alec A. , Palms David A. , Smith Jeremy T. , Bluman Eric M. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
A period of non-weight-bearing is prescribed following many orthopaedic injuries and procedures. It is believed that a period of non-weight-bearing is important for proper healing and recovery. The degree to which patients are compliant with non-weight-bearing instructions is unknown. The purpose of this study was to measure patient compliance with a period of prescribed non-weight-bearing.

Methods:
In this single-blinded study, pressure-sensitive film was embedded into short leg casts of 51 consecutive adult orthopaedic patients with unilateral lower-extremity abnormality who had been instructed to be strictly non-weight-bearing. Sensors were retrieved at the time of cast removal (mean, 24.3 days [range, 7 to 48 days]) and then were analyzed for force distribution and magnitude. Noncompliance was defined as maximum detectable pressure exerted on ≥50% of the film. Patient characteristics and the time of year that the casts were worn were also examined to determine if they correlated with weight-bearing.

Results:
Fourteen (27.5%) of 51 patients were noncompliant with the non-weight-bearing restriction. Six (42.9%) of the 14 noncompliant patients compared with 11 (29.7%) of the 37 compliant patients experienced an adverse event (p = 0.51). Sex, age, language spoken, body mass index, time in the cast, and the treating surgeon did not have a significant influence on weight-bearing performance (p > 0.05). Significantly greater weight-bearing was found (p = 0.04) in warmer months (June to October) than in colder months (November to March) in the United States.

Conclusions:
The noncompliance rate with the postoperative non-weight-bearing restriction was 27.5% (95% confidence interval, 15.2% to 39.8%) in this patient group, despite explicit instructions and education about possible complications associated with weight-bearing. The only factor found to have a significant effect on weight-bearing compliance was the time of year that the cast was worn. No significant difference was found between the complication rate of the compliant patients and that of the noncompliant patients.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.