bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete and continuous mechanisms of temporal selection in rapid visual streams
Authors: Marti Sébastien , Dehaene Stanislas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHumans can reliably detect a target picture even when tens of images are flashed every second. Here we use magnetoencephalography to dissect the neural mechanisms underlying the dynamics of temporal selection during a rapid serial visual presentation task. Multivariate decoding algorithms allow us to track the overlapping brain responses induced by each image in a rapid visual stream. The results show that temporal selection involves a sequence of gradual followed by all-or-none stages: (i) all images first undergo the same parallel processing pipeline; (ii) starting around 150 ms, responses to multiple images surrounding the target are continuously amplified in ventral visual areas; (iii) only the images that are subsequently reported elicit late all-or-none activations in visual and parietal areas around 350 ms. Thus, multiple images can cohabit in the brain and undergo efficient parallel processing, but temporal selection also isolates a single one for amplification and report.
Polη O-GlcNAcylation governs genome integrity during translesion DNA synthesis
Authors: Ma Xiaolu , Liu Hongmei , Li Jing , Wang Yihao , Ding Yue-He , Shen Hongyan , Yang Yeran , Sun Chenyi , Huang Min , Tu Yingfeng , Liu Yang , Zhao Yongliang , Dong Meng-Qiu , Xu Ping , Tang Tie-Shan , Guo Caixia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDNA polymerase η (Polη) facilitates translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) across ultraviolet (UV) irradiation- and cisplatin-induced DNA lesions implicated in skin carcinogenesis and chemoresistant phenotype formation, respectively. However, whether post-translational modifications of Polη are involved in these processes remains largely unknown. Here, we reported that human Polη undergoes O-GlcNAcylation at threonine 457 by O-GlcNAc transferase upon DNA damage. Abrogation of this modification results in a reduced level of CRL4CDT2-dependent Polη polyubiquitination at lysine 462, a delayed p97-dependent removal of Polη from replication forks, and significantly enhanced UV-induced mutagenesis even though Polη focus formation and its efficacy to bypass across cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers after UV irradiation are not affected. Furthermore, the O-GlcNAc-deficient T457A mutation impairs TLS to bypass across cisplatin-induced lesions, causing increased cellular sensitivity to cisplatin. Our findings demonstrate a novel role of Polη O-GlcNAcylation in TLS regulation and genome stability maintenance and establish a new rationale to improve chemotherapeutic treatment.
Simultaneous representation of a spectrum of dynamically changing value estimates during decision making
Authors: Meder David , Kolling Nils , Verhagen Lennart , Wittmann Marco K. , Scholl Jacqueline , Madsen Kristoffer H. , Hulme Oliver J. , Behrens Timothy E.J. , Rushworth Matthew F.S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDecisions are based on value expectations derived from experience. We show that dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and three other brain regions hold multiple representations of choice value based on different timescales of experience organized in terms of systematic gradients across the cortex. Some parts of each area represent value estimates based on recent reward experience while others represent value estimates based on experience over the longer term. The value estimates within these areas interact with one another according to their temporal scaling. Some aspects of the representations change dynamically as the environment changes. The spectrum of value estimates may act as a flexible selection mechanism for combining experience-derived value information with other aspects of value to allow flexible and adaptive decisions in changing environments.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Male Sexual Orientation
Authors: Sanders Alan R. , Beecham Gary W. , Guo Shengru , Dawood Khytam , Rieger Gerulf , Badner Judith A. , Gershon Elliot S. , Krishnappa Ritesha S. , Kolundzija Alana B. , Duan Jubao ,   MGS Collaboration, Shi Jianxin , Levinson Douglas F. , Mowry Bryan J. , Olincy Ann , Amin Farooq , Cloninger C. Robert , Svrakic Dragan M. , Silverman Jeremy M. , Buccola Nancy G. , Byerley William F. , Black Donald W. , Freedman Robert , Gejman Pablo V. , Bailey J. Michael , Martin Eden R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFamily and twin studies suggest that genes play a role in male sexual orientation. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of male sexual orientation on a primarily European ancestry sample of 1,077 homosexual men and 1,231 heterosexual men using Affymetrix single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. We identified several SNPs with p < 10−5, including regions of multiple supporting SNPs on chromosomes 13 (minimum p = 7.5 × 10−7) and 14 (p = 4.7 × 10−7). The genes nearest to these peaks have functions plausibly relevant to the development of sexual orientation. On chromosome 13, SLITRK6 is a neurodevelopmental gene mostly expressed in the diencephalon, which contains a region previously reported as differing in size in men by sexual orientation. On chromosome 14, TSHR genetic variants in intron 1 could conceivably help explain past findings relating familial atypical thyroid function and male homosexuality. Furthermore, skewed X chromosome inactivation has been found in the thyroid condition, Graves’ disease, as well as in mothers of homosexual men. On pericentromeric chromosome 8 within our previously reported linkage peak, we found support (p = 4.1 × 10−3) for a SNP association previously reported (rs77013977, p = 7.1 × 10−8), with the combined analysis yielding p = 6.7 × 10−9, i.e., a genome-wide significant association.
A feasibility study on non-invasive oxidative metabolism detection and acoustic assessment of human vocal cords by using optical technique
Authors: Lin Tzu-Chieh , Chen Jung-Chih , Liu Chih-Hsien , Lee Chia-Yen , Tsou Yung-An , Chuang Ching-Cheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractVoice disorder such as vocal fatigue is a common and complex multifaceted clinical problem that presents a significant impact on quality of life. In this study, the functional near-infrared diffuse optical technique (fNIRS-DOT) was proposed as a novel approach for human vocal cords oxidative metabolism detection and acoustic assessment simultaneously to provide a multidimensional assessment of voice disorder. A totally of 60 healthy subjects included 30 male and 30 female adults of age-matched were recruited and performed a vocal loading task to trigger a mild inflammation of the vocal cords in this study. In the results of oxidative metabolism, the vocal cords expressed hypoxia after vocal loading task in both male and female groups that could provide relevant information on the relationship between tissue oxygen consumption and supply for vocal cords diagnosis. Additionally, the results of optical acoustic assessment revealed the worse/changes voice quality after vocal loading task. Therefore, integration of non-invasive oxidative metabolism detection and acoustic assessment by using optical technique could provide more relevant information for diagnosis of voice disorders. The multi-functional vocal cords detection system could provide a good feasibility for clinical applications such as diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of voice disorder.
Prevention and treatment strategies for contextual overgeneralization
Authors: Sevenster Dieuwke , Haesen Kim , Vervliet Bram , Kindt Merel , D’Hooge Rudi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAt the core of anxiety disorders lies the tendency to generalize fear from a threatening to a safe situation. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms that facilitate and restrain generalization in humans is therefore needed. Rodent studies showed that pre-exposure to a context that is similar to the threatening context enhanced generalization to the similar context. In Experiment 1 we replicated these animal findings in humans (US-expectancy). Studies on the underlying mechanisms showed that the pre-exposure representation was recalled during conditioning (due to similarity between the contexts) and the shock also became linked to the recalled representation, resulting in greater generalization. In Experiment 2 we developed a pre-exposure procedure that increased the ability to distinguish between the conditioned and pre-exposure contexts, such that presentation of the former would no longer result in recall of the latter. We then observed that overgeneralization (US-expectancy) was prevented. Pre-exposure did not affect generalization of skin conductance response or fear potentiated startle. Finally, exploratory analyses revealed that increased generalization (US-expectancy), if not prevented, could be reduced by a reminder of the conditioned context. Hence, we developed a prevention- and a treatment-strategy for overgeneralization. These findings may guide the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of Tibetan Gynaephora to explore the genetic basis of insect adaptation to divergent altitude environments
Authors: Zhang Qi-Lin , Zhang Li , Yang Xing-Zhuo , Wang Xiao-Tong , Li Xiao-Peng , Wang Juan , Chen Jun-Yuan , Yuan Ming-Long 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAdaptation of insects to different altitudes remain largely unknown, especially those endemic to the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Here, we generated the transcriptomes of Gynaephora menyuanensis and G. alpherakii, inhabiting different high altitudes on the TP, and used these and the previously available transcriptomic and genomic sequences from low-altitude insects to explore potential genetic basis for divergent high-altitude adaptation in Gynaephora. An analysis of 5,869 orthologous genes among Gynaephora and other three low-altitude insects uncovered that fast-evolving genes and positively selected genes (PSGs) in the two Gynaephora species were enriched in energy metabolism and hypoxia response categories (e.g. mitochondrion, oxidation-reduction process, and response to oxidative stress). Particularly, mTOR signaling pathway involving hypoxia was enriched by PSGs, indicating this well-known pathway in mammal hypoxia adaptation may be an important signaling system in Gynaephora. Furthermore, some PSGs were associated with response to hypoxia (e.g. cytochrome proteins), cold (e.g. dehydrogenase) and DNA repair (e.g. DNA repair proteins). Interestingly, several insect-specific genes that were associated with exoskeleton and cuticle development (e.g. chitinase and ecdysteroids) had experienced positive selection, suggesting the specific adaptive mechanisms in insects. This study is favourable for understanding the adaptive evolution of Gynaephora and even TP insects to divergent altitudes.
HSP60 possesses a GTPase activity and mediates protein folding with HSP10
Authors: Okamoto Tomoya , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Kudo Ikuru , Matsumoto Kazuya , Odaka Masafumi , Grave Ewa , Itoh Hideaki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe mammalian molecular chaperone, HSP60, plays an essential role in protein homeostasis through mediating protein folding and assembly. The structure and ATP-dependent function of HSP60 has been well established in recent studies. After ATP, GTP is the major cellular nucleotide. In this paper, we have investigated the role of GTP in the activity of HSP60. It was found that HSP60 has different properties with respect to allostery, complex formation and protein folding activity depending on the nucleoside triphosphate present. The presence of GTP slightly affected the ATPase activity of HSP60 during protein folding. These results provide clues as to the functional mechanism of the HSP60-HSP10 complex.
Diet breadth modulates preference - performance relationships in a phytophagous insect community
Authors: Charlery de la Masselière Maud , Facon Benoît , Hafsi Abir , Duyck Pierre-François 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn most phytophagous insects, larvae are less mobile than adults and their fitness depends on the plant chosen by their mother. To maximize fitness, adult preference and larval performance should thus be correlated. This correlation is not always apparent and seems to increase with the level of specialisation, i.e. specialists have a stronger preference for high quality host plant species compared to generalists. The aim of this study was to test whether the relationship between female preference and larval performance was stronger for specialists than for generalists within a community of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). A total of six fruit fly species was used, including four generalists, and two specialists co-existing in La Reunion island (France). We estimated oviposition preference through the number of eggs laid and larval performance through the larval survival on 29 different host plants species belonging to 15 families in the laboratory and evaluated the relationship between these two traits. Preference-performance relationship differed according to the degree of specialisation with a strong positive correlation for specialists and no relationship for generalists. These results substantiate the theory that choosing high quality hosts is more important for specialists that are adapted to survive on fewer host plants than for generalists.
Quantitative trait loci mapping for feed conversion efficiency in crucian carp (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Pang Meixia , Fu Beide , Yu Xiaomu , Liu Haiyang , Wang Xinhua , Yin Zhan , Xie Shouqi , Tong Jingou 
Published: November 2017

AbstractQTL is a chromosomal region including single gene or gene clusters that determine a quantitative trait. While feed efficiency is highly important in aquaculture fish, little genetic and genomic progresses have been made for this trait. In this study, we constructed a high-resolution genetic linkage map in a full-sib F1 family of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) consisting of 113 progenies with 8,460 SNP markers assigning onto 50 linkage groups (LGs). This genetic map spanned 4,047.824 cM (0.478 cM/marker) and covered 98.76% of the crucian carp genome. 35 chromosome-wide QTL affecting feed conversion efficiency (FCE, 8 QTL), relative growth rate (RGR, 9 QTL), average daily gain (ADG, 13 QTL) and average daily feed intake (ADFI, 5 QTL) were detected on 14 LGs, explaining 14.0–20.9% of the phenotypic variations. In LGs of LG16, LG25, LG36 and LG49, several QTL affecting different traits clustered together at the identical or close regions of the same linkage group. Seven candidate genes, whose biological functions may involve in the energy metabolism, digestion, biosynthesis and signal transduction, were identified from these QTL intervals by comparative genomics analysis. These results provide a basis for elucidating genetic mechanism of feed efficiency and potential marker-assisted selection in crucian carp.
Shorter telomeres precede population extinction in wild lizards
Authors: Dupoué Andréaz , Rutschmann Alexis , Le Galliard Jean François , Clobert Jean , Angelier Frédéric , Marciau Coline , Ruault Stéphanie , Miles Donald , Meylan Sandrine 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIdentifying the early warning signals of catastrophic extinctions has recently become a central focus for ecologists, but species’ functional responses to environmental changes remain an untapped source for the sharpening of such warning signals. Telomere length (TL) analysis represents a promising molecular tool with which to raise the alarm regarding early population decline, since telomere attrition is associated with aging processes and accelerates after a recurrent exposure to environmental stressors. In the southern margin of their range, populations of the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) recently became extinct at lowest elevations due to changes in climate conditions. However, the proximal signals involved in these demographic declines are still unknown. Here, we sampled 100 yearling lizards from 10 natural populations (n = 10 per population) along an extinction risk gradient. Relative lizard abundance dramatically dropped over 12 years in low-altitude populations characterized by warmer ambient temperatures and higher body growth of lizards early in life. A non-linear relationship was found between TL and population extinction risk, with shorter telomeres in populations facing high risk of extinction when compared to non-threatened ones. Our results identify TL as a promising biomarker and imply that population extinctions might be preceded by a loop of physiological aging.
A multi-instrument non-parametric reconstruction of the electron pressure profile in the galaxy cluster CLJ1226.9+3332
Authors: Romero C. , McWilliam M. , Macías-Pérez J.-F. , Adam R. , Ade P. , André P. , Aussel H. , Beelen A. , Benoît A. , Bideaud A. , Billot N. , Bourrion O. , Calvo M. , Catalano A. , Coiffard G. , Comis B. , de Petris M. , Désert F.-X. , Doyle S. , Goupy J. , Kramer C. , Lagache G. , Leclercq S. , Lestrade J.-F. , Mauskopf P. , Mayet F. , Monfardini A. , Pascale E. , Perotto L. , Pisano G. , Ponthieu N. , Revéret V. , Ritacco A. , Roussel H. , Ruppin F. , Schuster K. , Sievers A. , Triqueneaux S. , Tucker C. , Zylka R. 
Published: November 2017

Context. In the past decade, sensitive, resolved Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) studies of galaxy clusters have become common. Whereas many previous SZ studies have parameterized the pressure profiles of galaxy clusters, non-parametric reconstructions will provide insights into the thermodynamic state of the intracluster medium.
Aim. We seek to recover the non-parametric pressure profiles of the high redshift (z = 0.89) galaxy cluster CLJ 1226.9+3332 as inferred from SZ data from the MUSTANG, NIKA, Bolocam, and Planck instruments, which all probe different angular scales.
Methods. Our non-parametric algorithm makes use of logarithmic interpolation, which under the assumption of ellipsoidal symmetry is analytically integrable. For MUSTANG, NIKA, and Bolocam we derive a non-parametric pressure profile independently and find good agreement among the instruments. In particular, we find that the non-parametric profiles are consistent with a fitted generalized Navaro-Frenk-White (gNFW) profile. Given the ability of Planck to constrain the total signal, we include a prior on the integrated Compton Y parameter as determined by Planck.
Results. For a given instrument, constraints on the pressure profile diminish rapidly beyond the field of view. The overlap in spatial scales probed by these four datasets is therefore critical in checking for consistency between instruments. By using multiple instruments, our analysis of CLJ 1226.9+3332 covers a large radial range, from the central regions to the cluster outskirts: 0.05 R500 < r < 1.1 R500. This is a wider range of spatial scales than is typically recovered by SZ instruments. Similar analyses will be possible with the new generation of SZ instruments such as NIKA2 and MUSTANG2.
Auf der sicheren Seite
Authors: Kämper Siegfried 
Published: November 2017

SummaryDie Dokumentation aller Medizinprodukte in der Praxis muss in zwei Geräteverzeichnissen erfolgen: dem Medizinproduktebuch oder dem Bestandsverzeichnis. Gebrauchtgeräte können eine sinnvolle Lösung sein, um Investitionskosten zu senken. Das gilt jedoch nur, wenn die Geräte alle wichtigen Sicherheitsrichtlinien erfüllen. Für viele Geräte sind Sicherheitstechnische oder Messtechnische Kontrolle und E-Check vorgeschrieben. Dabei müssen die Fristen genau eingehalten und dokumentiert werden.
Soil organic carbon saturation deficit under primary agricultural managements across major croplands in China
Authors: Di Jiaying , Feng Wenting , Zhang Wenju , Cai Andong , Xu Minggang 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
To generate information for the effective management of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in Chinese croplands, we compared the additional organic carbon (C) that can be stabilized by fine soil particles (<20 μm) with typical fertilization practices across soil types and climate zones. Using data from 30 long-term experimental study sites across the major agricultural zones in China, we estimated stable SOC saturation deficit (SOC
deficit
) under no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilization (CF), straw plus CF (S + CF), and manure plus CF (M + CF). Stable SOC
deficit
was defined as the difference between potential and current SOC stabilized by fine soil particles.
Outcomes:
Stable SOC
deficit
values varied from 51% to 82%. Soils dominated by 2:1 clay minerals showed larger stable SOC
deficit
than soils dominated by 1:1 clay minerals under each treatment. For soils dominated by 2:1 clay minerals, stable SOC
deficit
was significantly lower under M + CF (69%) than under CK, CF, and S + CF (78–82%) treatments, and it increased with increasing mean annual temperature (<10°C). In soils dominated by 1:1 clay minerals, stable SOC
deficit
was considerably lower in paddy and paddy-upland than in upland soils, suggesting that paddies effectively stabilize C inputs.
Discussion:
Agricultural soils in China have considerable C sequestration potential, despite decades of fertilization practices. To manage soil C sequestration and model soil C dynamics effectively, factors such as soil mineral types, fertilization, and cropland use should be considered.
Conclusion:
Our results demonstrated that manure addition was the best fertilization method for improving soil fertility, whereas straw return in Chinese croplands should take into account climate mitigation in future.
Cumulative human impacts in the Bering Strait Region
Authors: Afflerbach Jamie C. , Yocum Dan , Halpern Benjamin S. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Human impacts on Arctic marine ecosystems are increasing in extent and intensity as sea ice shrinks and utilization of marine resources expands. The effects of climate change are being felt across the arctic while stressors such as commercial fishing and shipping continue to grow as the Arctic becomes more accessible. Given these emerging changes, there is need for an assessment of the current cumulative impact of human activities to better anticipate and manage for a changing Arctic. Cumulative human impacts (CHI) assessments have been widely applied around the world in a variety of ecosystem types but have yet to incorporate temporal dynamics of individual stressors. Such dynamics are fundamental to Arctic ecosystems.

Outcomes:
Here, we present the first CHI assessment of an Arctic ecosystem to incorporate sea ice as a habitat and assess impact seasonality, using the Bering Strait Region (BSR) as a case study. We find that cumulative impacts differ seasonally, with lower impacts in winter and higher impacts in summer months. Large portions of the BSR have significantly different impacts within each season when compared to a mean annual cumulative impact map. Cumulative impacts also have great spatial variability, with Russian waters between 2.38 and 3.63 times as impacted as US waters.

Conclusion:
This assessment of seasonal and spatial cumulative impacts provides an understanding of the current reality in the BSR and can be used to support development and evaluation of future management scenarios that address expected impacts from climate change and increasing interest in the Arctic.