bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontier commoditisation in post‐socialist Southeast Asia
Authors: Taylor Philip 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe articles in this special issue examine processes of commoditisation in the frontiers of post‐socialist Southeast Asia. Focusing on livelihood transformations in the borderlands of Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand, the case studies reveal how relatively understudied actors, networks, flows and conjunctures initiate and shape commodity booms. Exploring how borderlanders engage, resist, cope with and survive commoditisation, the articles chart associated changes in values and in people's relations with each‐other and their environment. This introductory article contextualises this new research and discusses the implications of the findings.
Effects of travel distance and season of the year on transport‐related mortality in cattle
Authors: Simova Veronika , Voslarova Eva , Vecerek Vladimir , Passantino Annamaria , Bedanova Iveta 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe number of animals that die during transport to a slaughterhouse or shortly after being delivered to a slaughterhouse may serve as an indicator of animal welfare during transport. The aim of this study was to determine the mortality rate in cattle resulting from transport to slaughter in the Czech Republic in the period from 2009 to 2014, and to investigate the effect of travel distance and season of the year. Transport‐related mortality rates were recorded for all categories of cattle for the following travel distances: up to 50 km, 51–100 km, 101–200 km and over 200 km. Higher mortality rates occurred with shorter travel distances (<50 km and 51–100 km) when compared to longer travel distances (101–200 km and > 200 km), with a significant difference (P < 0.01) between short and long travel distances being found in feeders and dairy cows. Also, the season of the year had a significant impact on the mortality rate among transported cattle. The highest mortality rate in all categories was observed in spring months. The lowest mortality rate was found in autumn months for fat cattle and dairy cows and in winter months for feeders and calves.
Plasmodium infection in a Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri)
Authors: Scheelings TF , McLaren PJ , Tatarczuch L , Slocombe RF 
Published: July 2016

Case reportA wild‐caught, adult female Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) died while in captivity after suffering from chronic ill‐thrift that progressed to acute respiratory distress. On histopathological examination of tissues, the cause of death was determined to be severe acute pneumonia with pulmonary oedema associated with an intracellular protozoan parasite present within erythrocytes. Transmission electron microscopy was performed on lung tissues and organisms consistent for Plasmodium sp. were identified within numerous erythrocytes. Molecular characterisation of the parasite from DNA extracted from tissue blocks of fixed lung determined the organism to belong to the genus Plasmodium (100% similarity to Plasmodium species when a BLAST analysis was performed); however, speciation of the organism was not possible.ConclusionThis is the first report of Plasmodium sp. infection and subsequent disease in a native Australian mammal. The lifecycle of this parasite remains unknown. It is also unknown what effects haemoparasitism may have on the population dynamics of this endangered possum species.
Autochthonous feline leprosy caused by Mycobacterium sp. strain Tarwin affecting a cat from the Central Coast of New South Wales
Authors: Torii E , Reppas G , Krockenberger MB , Fyfe JA , O'Brien CR , Malik R 
Published: July 2016

Case reportA 5‐year‐old Domestic Shorthair‐cross was presented with a raised, alopecic skin nodule affecting the external surface of the right upper lip with an adjacent second smaller satellite lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed numerous intracellular and extracellular negatively stained bacilli. Histopathology confirmed granulomatous inflammation with multinucleate giant cell formation and abundant intracellular acid‐fast bacilli, consistent with a mycobacterial aetiology. PCR testing of the fresh tissue from the satellite lesion and subsequent sequence analysis identified Mycobacterium sp. strain Tarwin. The skin lesion was surgically excised and clarithromycin 62.5 mg twice daily was administered to the cat for 25 days.ConclusionThere was no recurrence of the lesion at the time of writing, 16 months after the surgery. This is the second autochthonous case of feline leprosy caused by M. sp. strain Tarwin originating in New South Wales, Australia.
Anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activity of carnosol and carnosic acid in vivo and in vitro and in silico analysis of their target interactions
Authors: Maione Francesco , Cantone Vincenza , Pace Simona , Chini Maria Giovanna , Bisio Angela , Romussi Giovanni , Pieretti Stefano , Werz Oliver , Koeberle Andreas , Mascolo Nicola , Bifulco Giuseppe 
Published: July 2016

Background and PurposeThe diterpenoids carnosol (CS) and carnosic acid (CA) from Salvia spp. exert prominent anti‐inflammatory activities but their molecular mechanisms remained unclear. Here we investigated the effectiveness of CS and CA in inflammatory pain and the cellular interference with their putative molecular targets.Experimental ApproachThe effects of CS and CA in different models of inflammatory pain were investigated. The inhibition of key enzymes in eicosanoid biosynthesis, namely microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) and 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO) was confirmed by CS and CA, and we determined the consequence on the eicosanoid network in activated human primary monocytes and neutrophils. Molecular interactions and binding modes of CS and CA to target enzymes were analyzed by docking studies.Key ResultsCS and CA displayed significant and dose‐dependent anti‐inflammatory and anti‐nociceptive effects in carrageenan‐induced mouse hyperalgesia 4 h post injection of the stimuli, and also inhibited the analgesic response in the late phase of the formalin test. Moreover, both compounds potently inhibited cell‐free mPGES‐1 and 5‐LO activity and preferentially suppressed the formation of mPGES‐1 and 5‐LO‐derived products in cellular studies. Our in silico analysis for mPGES‐1 and 5‐LO supports that CS and CA are dual 5‐LO/mPGES‐1 inhibitors.Conclusion and ImplicationsIn summary, we propose that the combined inhibition of mPGES‐1 and 5‐LO by CS and CA essentially contributes to the bioactivity of these diterpenoids. Our findings pave the way for a rational use of Salvia spp., traditionally used as anti‐inflammatory remedy, in the continuous expanding context of nutraceuticals.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc
The value of prognostic factors in Chinese patients with small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study of 999 patients
Authors: Hong Xuan , Xu Qingyong , Yang Zhaoyang , Wang Meng , Yang Fang , Gao Yina , Zhou Fengrui , Wang Lei , Liu Bao , Chen Gongyan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the prognostic factors for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in Chinese patients.ObjectiveThe aim of this retrospective study was to improve our understanding of overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) prognostic factors in Chinese patients with SCLC.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 999 SCLC cases was performed. Patient characteristics, treatments, and laboratory data, including platelet counts and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum sodium levels, were collected. Potential prognostic factors for OS and PFS were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe median OS and PFS were 10.6 and 7.0 months, respectively. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify stage, serum LDH, and several therapy‐relevant factors, including the initial chemotherapy regimen, number of initial chemotherapy cycles, and combination therapy, as independent prognostic factors for OS. Furthermore, female sex, normal LDH levels, a response to therapy, receiving six cycles of initial chemotherapy, and receiving chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and/or surgery were favorable prognostic factors for PFS. In addition, patients with hyponatremia had a worse OS; therefore, hyponatremia could not influence survival when a good response to therapy was achieved, and it failed to predict PFS.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that several factors, including patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics and serum LDH levels are independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS in Chinese patients with SCLC. The identification of such factors will help physicians compare different populations and to interpret the contribution of treatment to differences in survival among groups.
Announcement Effects of Contingent Convertible Securities: Evidence from the Global Banking Industry
Authors: Ammann Manuel , Blickle Kristian , Ehmann Christian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the announcement effects of CoCo bonds issued by global banks between January 2009 and June 2014. Using a sample of 34 financial institutions, we examine abnormal stock price reactions and CDS spread changes before and after the announcement dates. We find that the announcement of CoCos correlates with positive abnormal stock returns and negative CDS spread changes in the immediate post‐announcement period. We explain these effects with a set of theories including the lowered probability of costly bankruptcy proceedings, a signaling framework based on pecking order theory and the cost advantage of CoCos over equity (tax shield).
GHG emissions and other environmental impacts of indirect land use change mitigation
Authors: Gerssen‐Gondelach Sarah J. , Wicke Birka , Faaij Andre P. C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe implementation of measures to increase productivity and resource efficiency in food and bioenergy chains as well as to more sustainably manage land use can significantly increase the biofuel production potential while limiting the risk of causing indirect land use change (ILUC). However, the application of these measures may influence the greenhouse gas (GHG) balance and other environmental impacts of agricultural and biofuel production. This study applies a novel, integrated approach to assess the environmental impacts of agricultural and biofuel production for three ILUC mitigation scenarios, representing a low, medium and high miscanthus‐based ethanol production potential, and for three agricultural intensification pathways in terms of sustainability in Lublin province in 2020. Generally, the ILUC mitigation scenarios attain lower net annual emissions compared to a baseline scenario that excludes ILUC mitigation and bioethanol production. However, the reduction potential significantly depends on the intensification pathway considered. For example, in the moderate ILUC mitigation scenario, the net annual GHG emissions in the case study are 2.3 MtCO2‐eq yr−1 (1.8 tCO2‐eq ha−1 yr−1) for conventional intensification and −0.8 MtCO2‐eq yr−1 (−0.6 tCO2‐eq ha−1 yr−1) for sustainable intensification, compared to 3.0 MtCO2‐eq yr−1 (2.3 tCO2‐eq ha−1 yr−1) in the baseline scenario. In addition, the intensification pathway is found to be more influential for the GHG balance than the ILUC mitigation scenario, indicating the importance of how agricultural intensification is implemented in practice. Furthermore, when the net emissions are included in the assessment of GHG emissions from bioenergy, the ILUC mitigation scenarios often abate GHG emissions compared to gasoline. But sustainable intensification is required to attain GHG abatement potentials of 90% or higher. A qualitative assessment of the impacts on biodiversity, water quantity and quality, soil quality and air quality also emphasizes the importance of sustainable intensification.
Landscape control of nitrous oxide emissions during the transition from conservation reserve program to perennial grasses for bioenergy
Authors: Saha Debasish , Rau Benjamin M. , Kaye Jason P. , Montes Felipe , Adler Paul R. , Kemanian Armen R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFuture liquid fuel demand from renewable sources may, in part, be met by converting the seasonally wet portions of the landscape currently managed for soil and water conservation to perennial energy crops. However, this shift may increase nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, thus limiting the carbon (C) benefits of energy crops. Particularly high emissions may occur during the transition period when the soil is disturbed, plants are establishing, and nitrate and water accumulation may favor emissions. We measured N2O emissions and associated environmental drivers during the transition of perennial grassland in a Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and Miscanthus x giganteus in the bottom 3‐ha of a watershed in the Ridge and Valley ecoregion of the northeastern United States. Replicated treatments of CRP (unconverted), unfertilized switchgrass (switchgrass), nitrogen (N) fertilized switchgrass (switchgrass‐N), and Miscanthus were randomized in four blocks. Each plot was divided into shoulder, backslope, and footslope positions based on the slope and moisture gradient. Soil N2O flux, soil moisture, and soil mineral nitrogen availability were monitored during the growing season of 2013, the year after the land conversion. Growing season N2O flux showed a significant vegetation‐by‐landscape position interaction (P < 0.009). Switchgrass‐N and Miscanthus treatments had 3 and 6‐times higher cumulative flux respectively than the CRP in the footslope, but at other landscape positions fluxes were similar among land uses. A peak N2O emission event, contributing 26% of the cumulative flux, occurred after a 10.8‐cm of rain during early June. Prolonged subsoil saturation coinciding with high mineral N concentration fueled N2O emission hot spots in the footslopes under energy crops. Our results suggest that mitigating N2O emissions during the transition of CRP to energy crops would mostly require a site‐specific management of the footslopes.
Ethnic inequalities in periodontal disease among British adults
Authors: Delgado‐Angulo Elsa K. , Bernabé Eduardo , Marcenes Wagner 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimTo explore ethnic inequalities in periodontal disease among British adults, and the role of socioeconomic position (SEP) in those inequalities.MethodsWe analysed data on 1925 adults aged 16–65 years, from the East London Oral Health Inequality (ELOHI) Study, which included a random sample of adults living in an ethnically diverse and socially deprived area. Participants completed a questionnaire and were clinically examined for the number of teeth with periodontal pocket depth (PPD)≥4 mm and loss of attachment (LOA)≥4 mm. Ethnic inequalities in periodontal measures were assessed in negative binomial regression models before and after adjustment for demographic (gender and age groups) and SEP indicators (education and socioeconomic classification).ResultsCompared to White British, Pakistani, Indian, Bangladeshi and Asian Others had more teeth with PPD≥4 mm whereas White East European, Black African and Bangladeshi had more teeth with LOA≥4 mm, after adjustments for demographic and SEP measures. The association of ethnicity with periodontal disease was moderated by education, but not by socioeconomic classification. Stratified analysis showed that ethnic disparities in the two periodontal measures were limited to more educated groups.ConclusionThis study showed considerable ethnic disparities in periodontal disease between and within the major ethnic categories.
The course of early disinhibited social engagement among post‐institutionalized adopted children
Authors: Lawler Jamie M. , Koss Kalsea J. , Doyle Colleen M. , Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundApproximately 20% of post‐institutionalized (PI) children exhibit disinhibited social engagement (DSE) or the propensity to approach and engage strangers. There is little longitudinal research examining changes in DSE after adoption, or methods of identifying children with persistent behaviors.MethodsDSE was assessed observationally four times during the first 2 years postadoption in PI children 16–36 months at adoption (n = 68) relative to same‐age nonadopted children (n = 52). At age 5, a validated interview determined which PI children met criteria for Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED).ResultsDSE trajectories initially increased and then stabilized. PIs had higher DSE levels initially and a steeper increase rate than NAs. When separated into physical and nonphysical DSE components, group differences arose in initial physical DSE and the rate of change of nonphysical DSE. DSE rate of increase predicted DSED diagnosis, as did longer institutional duration and poorer institutional care.ConclusionsThe rate of increase in DSE postadoption, rather than the level observed at adoption, is predictive of disordered social engagement by age 5 years.
Copromyxa laresi n. sp. (Amoebozoa: Tubulinea) and Transfer of Cashia limacoides (Page, 1967) to Copromyxa Zopf, 1885
Authors: Kostka Martin , Lares‐Jiménez Luis Fernando , Tyml Tomáš , Dyková Iva 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFive amoeboid organisms of different origin (isolated from fish organs, soil and digestive tract of earthworm) that shared light microscopical and ultrastructural features including type and arrangement of mitochondrial cristae were subjected to phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of SSU rDNA and protein coding genes (actin, cytochrome oxidase I, and eukaryotic elongation factor 2). The reconstruction of multigene phylogeny of the strains studied (i) revealed that they belong to the same single‐genus Copromyxa clade; (ii) strongly supported position of Copromyxa cantabrigiensis (syn. Hartmannella cantabrigiensis) within the genus; (iii) together with comparisons of light and electron microscopy data justified reclassification of Cashia limacoides (syn. Vexillifera expectata) to Copromyxa limacoides n. comb., and (iv) justified description of a new species, Copromyxa laresi n. sp.
Vitamin D supplementation and its influence on muscle strength and mobility in community‐dwelling older persons: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rosendahl‐Riise H. , Spielau U. , Ranhoff A. H. , Gudbrandsen O. A. , Dierkes J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundIt has been suggested that vitamin D status or supplementation is important for maintaining or improving muscle strength and mobility in older adults. The study results, however, do not provide consistent results. We therefore aimed to summarise the available evidence systematically, including only studies conducted in community‐dwelling older persons.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was performed in April of 2016. The systematic review includes studies that used vitamin D with or without calcium supplementation as the exposure variable and various measurements of muscle strength and mobility. The meta‐analysis was limited to studies using hand grip strength (HGS) and timed‐up‐and‐go test as the outcome variables.ResultsA total of 15 studies out of 2408 articles from the literature search were included in the systematic review, providing 2866 participants above the age of 65 years. In the majority of studies, no improvement in muscle strength and mobility was observed after administration of vitamin D with or without calcium supplements. In the meta‐analysis, we observed a nonsignificant change in HGS [+0.2 kg (95% confidence interval = −0.25 to 0.7 kg; seven studies)] and a small, significant increase in the timed‐up‐and‐go test [0.3 s (95% confidence interval = 0.1 to 0.5 s; five studies)] after vitamin D supplementation. The meta‐analyses showed a high degree of heterogeneity between the studies.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we observed no improvement in muscle strength after the administration of vitamin D with or without calcium supplements. We did find a small but significant improvement of mobility. However, this is based on a limited number of studies and participants.
First contact: acute stress reactions and experiences of emergency department consultations following an incident of intimate partner violence
Authors: Olive Philippa 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this research was to explore women's emotional and affective responses following an incident of intimate partner violence experienced during emergency department attendances.BackgroundA growing body of research has explored women's experiences of emergency departments following intimate partner violence still little remains known about the experience and impact of emotional and affective responses during these attendances.DesignA descriptive qualitative design was used, underpinned theoretically by critical realism and postmodern complexity theory to attend to multiple, intersecting mechanisms that lie behind events and experiences.MethodsSemistructured interviews with six women who had attended an emergency department directly following an incident of intimate partner violence. Interview data were transcribed and thematically analysed innvivo9using a coding framework.ResultsThere were three interconnected key findings. First, was the commonality of acute stress experiences among women attending an emergency department following partner violence, second was that these acute stress reactions negatively impacted women's consultations, and third was the need for specialist domestic violence services at the point of first contact to assist service users navigate an effective consultation.ConclusionsAcute stress reactions were an important feature of women's experiences of emergency department consultations following intimate partner violence. Attending to psychological first aid; providing a safe and quiet space; and affording access to specialist violence advocacy services at the point of first contact will limit harm and improve health consultation outcomes for this population.Relevance to clinical practiceThis research provides an account of emotional and affective responses experienced by women attending emergency departments following intimate partner violence and explicates how these acute stress reactions impacted their consultation. This research has relevance for practitioners in many first contact health services, such as urgent and emergency care, general practice, community public health and mental health.