bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Logical expressions in Mandarin-speaking children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Su Yi (Esther) 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are traditionally believed to demonstrate profound impairment in processing semantic relations or concepts, in contrast to their relative strengths in syntax. This conclusion may be partially caused by the limitations of the traditional assessments, without incorporating fine-grained analyses of specific semantic properties that are crucial for revealing the nature of language acquisition in children with ASD. In this paper, two studies are reviewed which investigated the comprehension of logical expressions in 28 4- to 15-year-old Mandarin-speaking children with ASD and matched typical controls. Using a computer-based Truth Value Judgment task, the first study examined children’s interpretation of the logical words youxie ‘some’ and mei…huozhe…‘every…or…’. Using a computer-based Question Statement task, the second study assessed children’s understanding of the Mandarin wh-words shenme ‘what’ and shei ‘who’. The results of both studies provide evidence for the relative strengths of the interpretation of logical expressions in children with ASD. Thus, different from the traditional assumptions, it is possible that in the domain of semantics, several semantic properties may be selectively spared in children with ASD. We discuss the findings in the light of the possible contributions the language faculty makes to language acquisition, including in children with ASD.
The scalar operator even and its German equivalents
Authors: Gast Volker 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The English scalar additive operator even has a broad distribution, e.g. insofar as it is used in upward- as well as downward-entailing contexts. Other languages, such as German, use a variety of expressions to render the function(s) of even. The question arises what conditions and determines the use of the various operators of German. The present study addresses this question with respect to the particles selbst, sogar and auch as translation equivalents of even in upward-entailing contexts. On the basis of a sample of 300 translation pairs from the Europarl corpus, the influence of four syntactic and three pragmatic variables on the choice of an operator in German is investigated. The results show that the operators are mainly sensitive to two of the pragmatic variables, the presence or absence of overt focus alternatives in the clausal environment, and the size of the set of alternatives. From a syntatic point of view, a clear difference between selbst and sogar is shown, with selbst exhibiting a tendency to attach to higher levels of syntax than sogar. The quantitative findings are interpreted against the background of historical developments, the assumption being that synchronic distributions reflect diachronic developments (‘distributional intertia’).
Ënghe, ence and also anche
Authors: Fiorentini Ilaria 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The contribution examines the behaviour of additive particles in a specific language contact situation, namely the Ladin speaking area in Trentino-South Tyrol (Italy). Ladin is a minority language spoken by ca. 30,000 speakers, whose linguistic repertoires include also Italian (Fassa valley) and German (Badia and Gardena valleys). The analysis of a corpus of bilingual speech shows that, contrary to other types of particles (such as discourse markers), there is no borrowing of additive particles from Italian and German to Ladin. Nevertheless, the contact with these languages affects the position and scope of additive particles in the utterance, especially in Badia and Gardena Ladin.
Precision timing and timed embeddedness of imperatives in embodied courses of action
Authors: Mondada Lorenza 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Drawing on video recorded data in French, this chapter studies the use of imperatives in situations in which participants involved together in an activity get one another to do something immediately, within that activity. More specifically, this chapter focuses on activities characterized by fast progression and by a sense of urgency, risk, or speed – in which the immediacy of a participant’s response is particularly relevant. These characteristics highlight temporality in a specific and exemplary way. The chapter offers a systematic analysis of sequential environments that contain imperatives directing someone to perform an immediate action. The linguistic and embodied characteristics of these actions are reviewed, as well as their responses and possible third closing turns. The analysis will demonstrate how both directives and their responses are multimodally assembled and carefully fine-tuned, and how they orient to the precise timing of the ongoing activity. Beyond the basic organization of the sequence, the chapter studies the specific formats of repeated imperatives, orienting to temporal features such as the imminence, urgency, time precision, and duration of the directed action.
Secondary and deviant uses of the imperative for requesting in Italian
Authors: Rossi Giovanni 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The use of the imperative for requesting has been mostly explained on the basis of estimations of social distance, relative power, and entitlement. More recent research, however, has identified other selection factors to do with the functional and sequential relation of the action requested to the trajectory of the ongoing interaction. In everyday activities among family and friends, the imperative is typically warranted by an earlier commitment of the requestee to a joint project or shared goal which the action requested contributes to. The chapter argues this to be the primary use of the imperative for requesting in Italian informal interaction, and distinguishes it from other uses of the imperative that do not conform to the predominant pattern. These other uses are of two kinds: (i) secondary, that is, less frequent and formally marked imperatives that still orient to social-interactional conditions supporting an expectation of compliance, and (ii) deviant, where the imperative is selected in deliberate violation of the social-interactional conditions that normally support it, attracting special attention and accomplishing more than just requesting. This study extends prior findings on the functional distribution of imperative requests and makes a point of relating and classifying distinct uses of a same form of action, offering new insights into more general aspects of language use such as markedness and normativity.
Cherry production.
Authors: Bujdosó G. , Hrotkó K. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

It is said to be difficult to obtain accurate cherry production data. In many cases, production for both cherry species, sweet (Prunus avium) and sour (Prunus cerasus), are published together under one 'cherry' category. This form of data presentation is more frequent in countries where sour cherry production is negligible, and therefore the production figures can be assumed to represent sweet cherry. In addition, the hectares of cherry production and yields reported are not uniform between countries. There is variation in whether the orchard surface and yields reported include only commercial or commercial plus backyard garden production, bearing or both bearing and non-bearing orchards, and exported production. Therefore, accurate comparisons are difficult to obtain, especially the average yield/ha data when calculated by total yield of the country divided by total orchard surface. This chapter presents the global sweet and sour cherry production.
Flowering, fruit set and development.
Authors: Herrero M. , Rodrigo J. , Wünsch A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

In this chapter, flower biology and fruit set in cherry, sweet (Prunus avium) and sour (Prunus avium), are examined, paying attention to the critical steps that result in failures in fruit set. For this purpose, a chronological timeline is followed. First, flower development is examined in relation to dormancy. Then, at flowering, the events from pollination to fertilization are described with a particular emphasis on self-incompatibility. Finally, fruit set and fruit development are considered, evaluating the causes behind failures in fruit set and the main determinants of fruit development.
Biodiversity, germplasm resources and breeding methods.
Authors: Iezzoni A. , Wünsch A. , Höfer M. , Giovannini D. , Jensen M. , Quero-García J. , Campoy J. A. , Vokurka A. , Barreneche T. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

This chapter deals with the taxonomy (in the scion and rootstock gene pool), origin, domestication, preservation of germplasm resources, breeding methods (including hybridization) and DNA-informed breeding (discussing quantitative trait loci and diagnostic DNA tests) of cherry species. The seed anatomy, extraction, dormancy breaking and germination are described.
Sour cherry varieties and improvement.
Authors: Schuster M. , Apostol J. , Iezzoni A. , Jensen M. , Milatović D. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the importance of plant breeding in the development of new sour cherry cultivars. Information on the origin, parentage, tree growth, fertility/fruit set, flowering date, fruit characteristics, resistance to various biotic and abiotic factors and uses of these new sour cherry cultivars are also presented.
Environmental limiting factors for cherry production.
Authors: Neilsen G. H. , Neilsen D. , Forge T. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the major potential limitations to optimizing cherry production as imposed by abiotic and biotic soil characteristics, such as soil organic matter, pH, salinity, soil fertility, porosity, plant parasitic nematodes, soilborne pathogens and symbionts, among others. Some strategies to overcome or avoid such limitations are also discussed.
Morphology, cropping physiology and canopy training.
Authors: Ayala M. , Lang G. A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the importance of proper rootstock selections, canopy training systems and cropping physiology analyses (canopy photosynthesis and carbon distribution, among others) to improve the fruit production of intensive cherry orchards. The benefits of canopy and crop load management in imcreasing crop yields are also discussed.
Fruit chemistry, nutritional benefits and social aspects of cherries.
Authors: Serradilla M. J. , Akšić M. F. , Manganaris G. A. , Ercisli S. , González-Gómez D. , Valero D. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the physicochemical characteristics (soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity and volatile compounds) and nutritional (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, sugars, organic acids, minerals and vitamins) and non-nutritional composition of sweet and sour cherry fruits. Some non-nutrient food constituents of sweet and sour cherry fruits, such as phytochemicals, phytonutrients, plant secondary metabolites and biologically active and health-promoting compounds, are also presented.
Loewy lengths of blocks with abelian defect groups
Authors: Eaton Charles , Livesey Michael 
Published: August 2017

We consider

p
p

-blocks with abelian defect groups and in the first part prove a relationship between its Loewy length and that for blocks of normal subgroups of index

p
p

. Using this, we show that if

B
B

is a

2
2

-block of a finite group with abelian defect group

D
≅

C

2

a
1

×
⋯
×

C

2

a
r

×
(

C
2

)
s

D \cong C_{2^{a_1}} \times \cdots \times C_{2^{a_r}} \times (C_2)^s

, where

a
i

>
1

a_i > 1

for all

i
i

and

r
≥
0

r \geq 0

, then

d
>
LL
⁡
(
B
)
≤

2

a
1

+
⋯
+

2

a
r

+
2
s
−
r
+
1

d > \operatorname {LL}(B) \leq 2^{a_1}+\cdots +2^{a_r}+2s-r+1

, where

|

D

|

=

2
d

|D|=2^d

. When

s
=
1

s=1

the upper bound can be improved to

2

a
1

+
⋯
+

2

a
r

+
2
−
r

2^{a_1}+\cdots +2^{a_r}+2-r

. Together these give sharp upper bounds for every isomorphism type of

D
D

. A consequence is that when

D
D

is an abelian

2
2

-group the Loewy length is bounded above by

|

D

|

|D|

except when

D
D

is a Klein-four group and

B
B

is Morita equivalent to the principal block of

A
5

A_5

. We conjecture similar bounds for arbitrary primes and give evidence that it holds for principal

3
3

-blocks.
Holmes: a graphical tool for development, simulation and analysis of Petri net based models of complex biological systems
Authors: Radom Marcin , Rybarczyk Agnieszka , Szawulak Bartłomiej , Andrzejewski Hubert , Chabelski Piotr , Kozak Adam , Formanowicz Piotr 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Summary
Model development and its analysis is a fundamental step in systems biology. The theory of Petri nets offers a tool for such a task. Since the rapid development of computer science, a variety of tools for Petri nets emerged, offering various analytical algorithms. From this follows a problem of using different programs to analyse a single model. Many file formats and different representations of results make the analysis much harder. Especially for larger nets the ability to visualize the results in a proper form provides a huge help in the understanding of their significance. We present a new tool for Petri nets development and analysis called Holmes. Our program contains algorithms for model analysis based on different types of Petri nets, e.g. invariant generator, Maximum Common Transitions (MCT) sets and cluster modules, simulation algorithms or knockout analysis tools. A very important feature is the ability to visualize the results of almost all analytical modules. The integration of such modules into one graphical environment allows a researcher to fully devote his or her time to the model building and analysis.

Availability and implementation
Available at http://www.cs.put.poznan.pl/mradom/Holmes/holmes.html
EMHP: an accurate automated hole masking algorithm for single-particle cryo-EM image processing
Authors: Berndsen Zachary , Bowman Charles , Jang Haerin , Ward Andrew B 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Summary
The Electron Microscopy Hole Punch (EMHP) is a streamlined suite of tools for quick assessment, sorting and hole masking of electron micrographs. With recent advances in single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) data processing allowing for the rapid determination of protein structures using a smaller computational footprint, we saw the need for a fast and simple tool for data pre-processing that could run independent of existing high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructures. EMHP provides a data preprocessing platform in a small package that requires minimal python dependencies to function.

Availability and implementation
https://www.bitbucket.org/chazbot/emhp Apache 2.0 License

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Political Ideology and Consumer Research beyond Complaining Behavior: A Response to the Commentaries
Authors: Jung Kiju , Garbarino Ellen , Briley Donnel A , Wynhausen Jesse 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Two commentaries on our article offer interesting and useful paths for pushing forward the research stream we have developed. Jost, Langer, and Singh suggest delving more deeply into underlying psychological motives while extending our finding to consumer boycotting behavior, and Crockett and Pendarvis suggest broadening the scope to consider the sociocultural context in which complaining occurs. We discuss these two complementary approaches. Building on these ideas, we offer five research themes we believe are fruitful avenues for exploring the interface between consumer research and political ideology. As an illustration of one of these themes, we use three county-level datasets to explore whether and how political ideology and social vulnerability combine to influence a number of prosocial behaviors.
Diffuse X-ray sky in the Galactic center
Authors: Koyama Katsuji 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The Galactic diffuse X-ray emission (GDXE) in the Milky Way Galaxy is spatially and spectrally decomposed into the Galactic center X-ray emission (GCXE), the Galactic ridge X-ray emission (GRXE), and the Galactic bulge X-ray emission (GBXE). The X-ray spectra of the GDXE are characterized by the strong K-shell lines of the highly ionized atoms, and the brightest lines are the K-shell transition (principal quantum number transition of n = 2 → 1) of neutral iron (Fe i-Kα), He-like iron (Fe xxv-Heα), and He-like sulfur (S xv-Heα). Accordingly, the GDXE is composed of a high-temperature plasma of ∼7 keV (HTP) and a low-temperature plasma of ∼1 keV, which emit the Fe xxv-Heα and S xv-Heα lines, respectively. The Fe i-Kα line is emitted from nearly neutral irons, and hence the third component of the GDXE is a cool gas (CG). The Fe i-Kα distribution in the GCXE region is clumpy (Fe i-Kα clump), associated with giant molecular cloud (MC) complexes (Sagittarius A, B, C, D, and E) in the central molecular zone. The origin of the Fe i-Kα clumps is the fluorescence and Thomson scattering from the MCs irradiated by past big flares of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*. The scale heights and equivalent widths of the Fe i-Kα, Fe xxv-Heα, and Fe xxvi-Lyα (n = 2 → 1 transition of H-like iron) lines are different among the GCXE, GBXE, and GRXE. Therefore, their structures and origins are separately examined. This paper gives an overview of the research history and the present understandings of the GDXE, while in particular focusing on the origin of the HTP and CG in the GCXE.
Measuring Consumer Engagement: A Review of Tools and Findings
Authors: Jacobs Laurie M. , Brindis Claire D. , Hughes Dana , Kennedy Caitlin E. , Schmidt Laura A. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Consumer engagement is increasingly emphasized in healthcare initiatives and has been a priority in healthcare reforms. Consumer engagement takes multiple forms, including increased involvement of consumers in their own care, in organizational design, and in broader policy decision-making processes. Determining the effectiveness of such involvement requires both effective measurement and empirical study, both of which have yet to be standardized or fully explored. In this review, we examine both existing measurement tools for consumer engagement and current empirical knowledge regarding the outcomes associated with each of three levels of consumer engagement. Although measurement and results at the level of direct care are more established, measurement of consumer engagement, let alone its effects at the organizational design or policy level, is less well developed. Building on our review, we make suggestions for how to fill the current gaps in understanding the measurement and outcomes of consumer engagement.
Evolution of the anterolateral thigh free flap
Authors: Graboyes Evan M. , Hornig Joshua D. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
To review the recent literature on the evolution and advanced uses of the anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap in reconstruction of oncologic defects of the head and neck.

Recent findings
The ALT free flap is a versatile flap that can be harvested in a chimeric fashion with independent, vascularized skin, muscle, fascia, nerve and bone. Various techniques for chimeric flap harvest and flap inset have been described for reconstruction of pharyngocutaneous, oromandibular and radical parotidectomy defects. These reports expand the indications for the ALT free flap while demonstrating good functional and aesthetic outcomes.

Summary
The ALT free flap remains popular for reconstruction of head and neck oncologic defects because of its versatility. Continued evolution in chimeric flap harvest techniques for pharyngocutaneous, osseous and radical parotidectomy defects highlights novel advanced reconstructive uses for the ALT free flap.
Vaginal Native Tissue Repair for Posterior Compartment Prolapse: Long-Term Analysis of Sexual Function and Quality of Life in 151 Patients
Authors: Schiavi Michele Carlo , D'Oria Ottavia , Faiano Pierangelo , Prata Giovanni , Di Pinto Anna , Sciuga Valentina , Colagiovanni Vanessa , Giannini Andrea , Zullo Marzio Angelo , Monti Marco , Muzii Ludovico , Benedetti Panici Pierluigi 
Published: August 2017

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of vaginal native tissue repair for symptomatic rectocele and to evaluate the impact on quality of life (QoL) and sexual function.

Methods
One hundred fifty-one patients affected by rectocele stage II or higher according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System were enrolled. Patients underwent vaginal native tissue repair. Postoperative assessments consisted in a clinical examination and assessment of posterior compartment symptoms and defecatory dysfunctions. These were conducted 1, 12, and 60 months after surgery. Patients completed the Prolapse Quality-of-Life questionnaire, the Pelvic Floor Disability Index, the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire, and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire short form.

Results
The median follow-up was 64 (60–72) months. The median operative time was 55 (37–127) minutes, and the median postoperative hospital stay was 2 (2–4) days. No intraoperative complications occurred. At median follow-up, an objective cure rate of 88.2% was observed. Seventeen patients (11.3%) showed recurrent posterior vaginal descent stage II or higher. Defecatory dysfunctions, vaginal digitation, and vaginal bulge decreased significantly. The change of values of the Prolapse Quality-of-Life, Pelvic Floor Disability Index, and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire questionnaires has shown a significant improvement in the QoL after surgery. The percentage of patients regularly practicing sexual activity increased, and dyspareunia decreased after treatment.

Conclusions
Vaginal native tissue repair is a safe and effective procedure for symptomatic rectocele, with a low rate of complications, and improves pelvic organ prolapse–related symptoms, QoL, and sexual function.
Utility of EEG Activation Procedures in Epilepsy: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Baldin Elisa , Hauser W. A. , Buchhalter Jeffrey R. , Hesdorffer Dale C. , Ottman Ruth 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
No previous population-based study has addressed the contribution of activation procedures to the yield of epileptiform abnormalities on serial EEGs. We assessed yield of activation-related epileptiform abnormalities and predictors of finding an activation-related abnormality with multiple EEGs in a population-based study of newly diagnosed epilepsy.

Methods:
We used the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify 449 residents of Rochester, Minnesota with a diagnosis of newly diagnosed epilepsy at age 1 year or older, between 1960 and 1994, who had at least one EEG. Information on all activation procedures (i.e., sleep, hyperventilation, and photic activation) and seizure/epilepsy characteristics was obtained by comprehensive review of medical records.

Results:
At the first EEG, the yield of epileptiform abnormalities was greatest for individuals 1 to 19 years of age at diagnosis, for each activation procedure. The yield in patients aged 1 to 19 versus ≥20 years was 21.6% versus 10.3% for sleep, 6.5% versus 3.3% for photic stimulation, and 10.3% versus 5% for hyperventilation. Among young people (aged 1–19 years), sleep was associated with an increased likelihood of finding an activation-related abnormality on any EEG. The likelihood of finding an activation-related abnormality on any EEG was decreased for postnatal symptomatic and for unknown etiology.

Conclusions:
Among activation procedures, sleep showed the highest yield of epileptiform abnormalities. There was a low yield for photic stimulation and hyperventilation. Within each activation procedure, younger age at diagnosis had the greatest yield. Sleep is the most effective activation procedure, especially in younger patients, and should be performed when possible.