bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La educación de niñas amuzgos en el estado de Oaxaca (México)
Authors: Gramigna Anita 
Published: June 2017

Resumen: Este trabajo es un resumen de la investigación realizada durante los años 2010-14 entre el pueblo Amuzgo de San Pedro de Oaxaca3 . El escrito, para el que se utilizan instrumentos etnográficos, se propone como objetivo reflexionar acerca de la formación, los procesos de construcción del conocimiento y sobre el valor cognitivo y epistemológico de la relación (LéviStraus 1978: 48). Proponemos una obra de autohermeneusis, de análisis de la direccionalidad de los puntos de vista, de descubrimiento de los presupuestos implícitos, de verificación de los procesos científicos en la investigación. Por esta razón la nuestra es una aproximación de tipo hermenéutico. The Education of Amusgos Girls in the State of Oxaca (Mexico) Abstract: This essay presents the results of the research we carried out on the Amusgo people of San Pedro, in Oxaca, between 2010 and 2014. This work, for which we use ethnographic instruments, aims to reflect on the formation, on the processes of building knowledge, and on the cognitive and epistemological value of the relationship (Lévi-Straus 1978: 48). We suggest a written piece of auto-interpretation, by analysing the points of view, the implicit premises and the scientific processes of research. For this reason, our study perspective is hermeneutic.
Sorelle di Querelle. Poetesse dell’al-Andalus, trobairitz e poetesse italiane del Duecento e Trecento
Authors: Cerrato Daniele 
Published: June 2017

Riassunto: Il dibattito della Querelle des Femmes in Italia si sviluppa soprattutto durante il XV e XVI secolo attraverso vari trattati di autori ed autrici. In realtà l’inizio della Querelle des Femmes si potrebbe far concidere con le poetesse italiane del Duecento e del Trecento. L’articolo analizza come alcuni dei temi presenti nei testi di queste autrici si possono far risalire ad una tradizione di poesia femminile che comprende le poetesse dell’al-Andalus e le trobairitz. Sisters of Querelle. Al-Andalus Women Poets, Trobairitz and Italian Women Poets in the 13th and 14th Centuries Abstract: The debate on the Querelle des Femmes during the 16th and 17th centuries in Italy is based on different male and female authors’ dissertations. This Querelle des Femmes can be traced back to Italian women poets in the 13th and 14th centuries. This paper analyses some topics dealt with by these Italian women poets and studies the features they share with preceding al-Andalusian women poets and trobairitz
Effects of abaca fiber reinforcement on the dynamic mechanical behavior of vinyl ester composites
Authors: Kumar Anandraj Mohan , Parameshwaran Rathinasamy , Kumar Palaniappan Sathish , Pal Samir Kumar , Prasath Mani Mohan , Krishnaraj Vijayan , Rajasekar Rathanasamy 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The present study aims in analyzing the mechanical behavior of natural fiber (abaca) reinforced polymeric composites under dynamic conditions. It is evident from the past research reports that natural fiber offers desirable physico-mechanical properties to the added polymers. In the present research work, abaca fiber is utilized for the preparation of composites due to its promising mechanical properties and resistance to salt water corrosion, its lignin content is 15% and grows up to 3 m. Abaca is extracted from leaf sheath of Manila hemp plant, it is a kind of banana family. Influence of temperature on the mechanical behavior of natural fibers needs to be identified to ensure its usage for high performance applications. Pure and chemically treated abaca fiber based vinyl ester composites are subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The reason for the chemical treatment of abaca fiber is to enhance its interfacial bonding with base matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis signifies the morphological changes in abaca fiber after chemical treatment. Storage modulus (E') and damping characteristics of abaca fiber reinforced vinyl ester composites are comparatively higher than in neat polymer. In addition, surface treatment of fiber demonstrates significant enhancement in storage modulus compound compared to pure and raw fiber reinforced polymer due to strong physical interaction between fiber and matrix.
Equal-strength precision diffusion bonding of AA6063 aluminum alloy with the surface passivated by a self-assembled monolayer
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Jing-Long , Wang Chang-Sheng , Xiong Jiang-Tao , Zhang Fu-Sheng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPrecision diffusion bonding of aluminum alloy requires good mechanical properties and very low deformation. However, oxidation lowers the quality of the joint. This paper used a self-assembled monolayer, 1-hexyl mercaptan, on the aluminum surface to prevent the secondary oxidation after pre-bonding treatment. An AA6063/Ni/AA6063 sandwich structure joint was intentionally designed and bonded to characterize the effect of the self-assembled monolayer. AA6063/AA6063 joints were diffusion bonded, in which three different pre-bonding surface treatments were used that were as-cleaned, ethanol adsorbed and self-assembled monolayer passivated. With the surface passivated by self-assembled monolayer, there were few voids at the bonding interface. Ductile fracture was observed during tensile testing. The joint had a bond ratio of 97.4% and elongation of 20.4%, which is very close to the base metal and is considered as equal-strength bonding.
Platelet testing in flow diversion: a review of the evidence
Authors: Taylor L. Ian , Dickerson James C. , Dambrino Robert J. , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Taussky Philipp , Washington Chad W. , Park Min S. 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVEAlthough the use of dual antiplatelet therapy with flow diversion is recommended and commonplace, the testing of platelet inhibition is more controversial.METHODSThe authors reviewed the medical literature to establish and describe the physiology of platelet adhesion, the pharmacology of antiplatelet medications, and the mechanisms of the available platelet function tests. Additionally, they present a review of the pertinent neurointerventional and interventional cardiology literature.RESULTSCompeting reports in the neurointerventional literature argue for and against the use of routine platelet function testing, with adjustments to the dosage or medications based on the results. The interventional cardiology literature has also wrestled with this dilemma after percutaneous coronary interventions, with conflicting reports of the benefits of platelet function testing.CONCLUSIONSDespite its prevalence, the benefits of platelet function testing prior to flow diversion are unproven. This practice will likely remain controversial until the level of evidence improves through more rigorous testing and reporting.
Towards a Multipolar Model of Cultural Mediators within Multicultural Spaces. Cultural Mediators in Belgium, 1830-1945
Authors: Verschaffel Tom , Meylaerts Reine , Lobbes Tessa , Gonne Maud , Hulst Lieven d' 
Published: June 2017

Naar een multipolaire benadering van culturele bemiddelaars in multiculturele ruimtes. Culturele bemiddelaars in België, 1830-1945.
In dit artikel wordt een diepgaand conceptueel en methodologisch begrip van de culturele bemiddelaar beoogd. Deze bemiddelaar wordt hier als een persoon gedefinieerd die taalkundige, artistieke en politiek-geografische grenzen overschrijdt en die culturele uitwisselingen onderneemt. Vooral in een heterogene context, waar verschillende talen en culturele velden op elkaar inwerken zoals in het België van de late negentiende en de eerste helft van de twintigste eeuw, ondernamen culturele bemiddelaars belangrijke uitwisselingsactiviteiten waardoor ze een bijdrage leverden tot de vaak gelijktijdige constructie van regionale, nationale en internationale culturele identiteiten. Na eerst enkele kritieken op verschillende aspecten van cultuurhistorisch, literair-historisch en vertaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek naar culturele bemiddelaars te hebben geformuleerd, stellen we een multipolair model voor dat volgens ons een vruchtbare manier kan zijn om culturele bemiddelaars te bestuderen. De interdisciplinaire onderzoeksperspectieven, zoals voorgesteld in dit model, worden vervolgens aan de hand van enkele korte studies van culturele bemiddelaars, hun interculturele uitwisselingen en hun positie in het negentiende-eeuwse en twintigsteeeuwse België geïllustreerd, om zo een aanzet te geven tot een beter begrip van de veranderende organisatie en praktijken van het Belgische culturele leven doorheen de tijd.
La force du symbole
Authors: Bazart Cécile , Bonein Aurélie 
Published: June 2017

Partant des constats d’hétérogénéité en termes d’honnêteté des contribuables et d’existence d’une dynamique sociale perverse poussant les plus honnêtes à la sous-déclaration, nous proposons un mécanisme simple afin de l’enrayer. Dans cette expérience en laboratoire, nous testons la propension des sujets à contribuer de manière volontaire à un fonds destiné à financer la lutte contre la fraude fiscale. Ce mécanisme de contribution, volontaire et sans redistribution, fait l’objet de plusieurs traitements qui diffèrent quant aux modalités et au niveau de la contribution. Nous montrons : 1) qu’un nombre conséquent de sujets contribuent au fonds, et ce, de manière décroissante avec le montant de la contribution, 2) que ce sont les contribuables les plus honnêtes qui contribuent et enfin 3) que l’aversion pour le risque dissuade les individus de contribuer, alors qu’au contraire l’aversion pour l’inégalité les y encourage. Enfin, dans la lignée de la littérature sur la fraude fiscale, nous confirmons que l’élévation de la probabilité de détection, qui n’est observée que dans les groupes où la contribution collective au fonds est suffisante, réduit la fraude dans ces groupes.
Testimonium testimonii
Authors: Lavaud Laurent 
Published: June 2017

Cet article se propose d’explorer l’idée de témoignage chez Marius Victorinus en en distinguant trois modalités. La première est le témoignage de Jean-Baptiste. Jean est « écho de la voix », c’est-à-dire qu’il est l’image de l’expression première de Dieu qui est le Christ. L’enjeu de ce premier témoignage est la reconnaissance de l’identité du Christ et la profession de son statut de Fils de Dieu. Cette première modalité du témoignage n’est cependant possible que par la condition du témoignage de l’Esprit Saint. Celui-ci est « voix de la voix » : c’est-à-dire qu’il est la reprise intérieure, spirituelle, de ce qui se trouve déployé dans l’extériorité du monde par le Christ. Enfin, la troisième dimension du témoignage suppose de mobiliser la théologie trinitaire propre à Victorinus : le témoignage au sujet du Christ dans l’économie du salut n’est lui-même possible que sur la base de l’intelligence première de la vie du Fils dans l’être immanent de Dieu. La méditation victorinienne du témoignage permet ainsi d’articuler le plan de la doctrine trinitaire et le plan de l’advenue du salut.
A window into a public program for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV: Evidence from a prospective clinical trial
Authors: Cotton M , Kim S , Rabie H , Coetzee J , Nachman S 
Published: June 2017

Objectives
To evaluate efficacy of the antenatal, intra-partum and post-natal antiretroviral components of a public service Prevention of Mother to Child (MTCT) program in infants.
Design
Analysis of prospectively collected screening data of demographic and MTCT-related interventions and HIV-infection status of infants identified through HIV-specific DNA polymerase chain reaction.
Setting
Tygerberg Children’s Hospital, Western Cape Province, South Africa.
Subjects
HIV-infected women and their infants identified through participation in a public service MTCT program were referred for possible participation in a prospective study of isoniazid prophylaxis.
Interventions
Key components of the Program include voluntary counselling and testing, zidovudine to the mother from between 28 and 34 weeks gestation and to the newborn infant for the first week, single dose nevirapine to the mother in labour and the newborn shortly after birth and free formula for 6 months.
Main Outcome Measures
Number and percentage of HIV-infected infants and extent of exposure to antenatal, intrapartum and post-natal antiretrovirals.
Results
Of 656 infants with a median age of 12.6 weeks, screened between April 1st 2005 through May 2006, 39 were HIV-infected giving a transmission rate of 5.9% (95% CI: 4.4% - 8.0%). Antenatal prophylaxis was significantly associated with reduced transmission (OR: 0.43 (95% CI: 0.21 - 0.94)) as opposed to intrapartum and postpartum components (p=0.85 and p=0.84, respectively). In multivariable analysis the antenatal component remained significant (OR=0.40 (95% CI 0.19 - 0.90)).
Conclusions
The antenatal phase is the most important antiretroviral component of the MTCT program, allowing most opportunity for intervention.
Management of cryptococcal meningitis in adults at Mthatha Hospital Complex, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Sogbanmu Olufunso Oladipupo , John Melanie-Anne Amanda , Lalloo Umesh 
Published: June 2017

Background. Cryptoccocal meningitis (CM) remains prevalent in HIV-infected individuals across South Africa (SA). Early diagnosis and management, aided by the existing Southern African HIV Clinicians Society (SAHIVSoc) 2007 guidelines on management of CM, could reduce the mortality associated with this condition. Objective. To review the management of adult patients with CM and adherence to the SAHIVSoc 2007 guidelines in a district hospital.Methods. A retrospective chart review of patients admitted with CM from December 2011 to May 2012 was performed. The following key recommendations of the guidelines were evaluated: measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure at the first lumbar puncture (LP), prescription of amphotericin B (AMB)/fluconazole therapy, intravenous prehydration preceding administration of AMB, monitoring of renal function and performance of serial LPs to manage raised intracranial pressure (ICP).Results. A total of 57 patient charts were reviewed, of which 40 (70%) were of females. The mean age (range) of the cohort was 36 (21 - 60) years. Fifty-two (91%) patients presented with headache. Confusion was recorded in 30 (53%) and vomiting in 26 (46%). The major signs observed were fever (n=29 (51%)) and neck stiffness (n=34 (60%)). Fifty-five (96%) patients were HIV-infected at presentation, with a median (range) CD4+ count of 77 (13 - 90) cells/µl. None of the patients had a CSF opening pressure measured at first LP. AMB was used as an induction agent in 51 (89%) patients, of whom 47 (92%) completed 2 weeks of AMB. Of these 51, only 20 (40%) were prehydrated and 10 (18%) had two repeat LPs performed 1 week apart. Renal function was monitored in only 27 (53%) of the patients receiving AMB. This was done at baseline and twice weekly, and was consistent with the guidelines. No abnormality in renal function was recorded in these cases during the study. The mortality rate was 30% in the first 10 days of admission.Conclusion. This chart review showed inadequate adherence to the recommendations of the 2007 SAHIVSoc guidelines in the majority of cases except for the use of AMB as a first-line antifungal agent. Control of ICP and monitoring for drug toxicity were not done as per guidelines and may impact on clinical care and outcome. Despite this, the early 30% mortality is comparable with published reports from other regions in SA, but is higher than in developed health systems.
Management of patients presenting with diarrhoea to a regional emergency department in KwaZulu-Natal: Call for clearer, more relevant guidance
Authors: Kudsk-Iversen Soren , Gilbert John Paul , Azarath Anneshree 
Published: June 2017

Background. HIV is prevalent throughout South Africa, and diarrhoea is a common presentation to the emergency department (ED) among both HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals. Method. We audited the management of diarrhoea against standard guidelines in the ED of a regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal. Patients presenting with diarrhoea as their chief complaint were eligible and data were collected prospectively. Results. A total of 72 patients were included: 58 (81%) of patients were HIV-positive with an average CD4+ count of 180 cells/µl. A total of 34 stool samples were sent for standard microscopy and culture (M&C), among which 26 were positive (76%). Forty-three patients (60%) received antibiotics, 15 of whom had positive stool M&C. In all cases, the final diagnosis was listed as acute gastroenteritis without further specification, and antibiotic use according to guidelines appeared inconsistent. Conclusion. Based on this audit, we suggest that current guidelines are not clear concerning management of acute diarrhoea in HIV-infected individuals, and that the lack of clear management strategies is likely to affect patient safety and increase antibiotic resistance.
Paediatric ART outcomes in a decentralised model of care in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Morsheimer M. M. , Dramowski A. , Rabie H. , Cotton M. F. 
Published: June 2017

Background. Although subSaharan Africa faces the world’s largest paediatric HIV epidemic, only 1 in 4 children has access to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). A decentralised approach to HIV care is advocated, but programmes in resource-limited settings encounter many challenges to community-initiated paediatric ART implementation. Methods. A retrospective cohort analysis of 613 children receiving ART between 2004 and 2009 was performed in seven physician-run primary healthcare (PHC) clinics in Cape Town. Baseline characteristics, serial CD4+, viral load (VL) levels and status at study closure were collected. Results. Two subgroups were identified: children who were initiated on ART in a PHC clinic (n=343) and children who were down-referred from tertiary hospitals (n=270). The numbers of children initiated on ART in PHC increased sevenfold over the study period. Down-referred children were severely ill at ART initiation, with higher VLs, lower CD4+ counts and higher rates of tuberculosis co-infection (25.3% v. 16.9%; p=0.01). Median time to virological suppression was 29 weeks in PHC-ART initiates and 44 weeks in children down-referred (p<0.0001). Children down-referred to PHC either maintained or gained virological suppression. Longitudinal cohort analysis demonstrated sustained VL suppression >80%, high rates of immune reconstitution and low mortality.Conclusions. Increasing numbers of children are initiated on ART in PHC settings and achieve comparable immunological, virological and survival outcomes, suggesting successful decentralisation of paediatric HIV care. Down-referral of children with adherence-related virological failure may assist with attainment of virological suppression and sparing use of second-line medications.
Isokinetic strength of shoulder internal and external rotators in cricket bowlers
Authors: Mabasa X.M. , Stewart A. , Fleishman C. 
Published: June 2017

The strength of the shoulder internal and external rotators incricket bowlers, may not be sufficient to cope with the demands of bowling.As very little research has been done on cricketers, this study was done to establish the isokinetic strength profile of the shoulder internal andexternal rotators in cricket bowlers.Isokinetic, shoulder rotational strength was evaluated in thirty malecricket volunteers with a mean age of 23.9 years and mean body weight of 70.3 kgs. The Cybex 340 dynamometer multi joint system was used to collect data on shoulder rotation strength in a standing neutral position. Data were collected at four different speeds (60,90,180 and 300deg/sec) and were computed for peak torque values for internal and external ratios for both dominant and non dominant shoulders.The results showed no statistically significant difference in the mean shoulder rotational torque between the bowlingand non-bowling shoulders for external rotation (p>0.05), and indicated statistically significant differences in themean shoulder rotational torque between the bowling and non-bowling shoulders for internal rotation (p<0.05). Therewas a significant decrease in isokinetic peak torque production for the external/internal rotator muscles as the speedof contraction increased (p<0.05). The peak torque ratio for the external/internal rotator muscles of the bowling armwere significantly less than of the non-bowling arm (p<0.05). These findings suggest that the strength ratios of thebowling arm need to be considered when managing young cricketers and their injuries.
Perceived effort of funtional activities after a period of mechanical ventilation
Authors: Roos R. , Van Aswegen H. , Eales C. J. 
Published: June 2017

A case report to assess exercise testing post-mechanical ventilation, using functional activities while monitoring changes in the physiological parameters and subjective rating of perceived exertion. The case report subject was able to use the Modified Borg Scale to report her perception of perceived exertion during functional exercise testing. An increase in heart rate, respiratory rate and Modified Borg Scale rating was noted on progression through the exercise test. Difficulty was experienced with subject follow-up due to discharged from hospital as soon as the patient was considered to be medically stable. The subject was unable to complete the functional exercise test before discharge.
Profile of stroke patients treated at a community - based rehabilitation centre in a Cape Town health district
Authors: Rhoda A. J. , Hendry J. A. 
Published: June 2017

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in both developed and developing countries. Limited information is available, in South Africa, on the epidemiological profile of stroke survivors requiring rehabilitation. A descriptive study was therefore undertaken to compile, amongst others the demographic and medical profile of stroke patients attending rehabilitation at a primary health care facility (Bishop Lavis Rehabilitation Centre). Both medical- and rehabilitation records were reviewed to ensure completeness of information and to minimize missing clinical data bias. Relevant data was captured on a data capture sheet. The latter was based on key findings from the literature and developed by the researcher. The mean age of the population of stroke patients studied was 59 years, which is markedly younger than what has been reported globally in the literature. As was expected, hypertension was found to be the most prevalent risk factor. The presence of a combination of risk factors in the majority of the group (on average, 2.4 risk factors per person) warrants the introduction of aggressive health education and stroke prevention programmes at this primary health care centre.
Knowledge of stroke risk factors amongst black diabetic, hypertensive and stroke patients
Authors: Bogoshi G. , Stewart A. , Hale L. , Fritz V. 
Published: June 2017

The objective of this study was to assess and compare theknowledge of black patients diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes and stroke about the risk factors for stroke. Four groups made up of 33 subjects (hypertensive, diabetic, stroke and control group) were interviewed using open-ended questions and a structured questionnaire. Qualitative coding, frequencies and proportions were used to determine their knowledge. Groups were compared with respect to percentage knowledge using the chi-square statistic at a 0.05 level of significance. Stress was mentioned as the most important risk factor in all groups. Although identification of stroke risk factors was inadequate, the diabetic group was found to be significantly better in identifying some of the risk factors (salt - p =0,05; sugar - p = 0,001; fat - p = 0,004; moderate smoking - p = 0,05; weight - p = 0,002)