bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional visualization of intrauterine conceptus through the uterine wall by tissue clearing method
Authors: Kagami Kyosuke , Shinmyo Yohei , Ono Masanori , Kawasaki Hiroshi , Fujiwara Hiroshi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVisualization of specific cells in the three-dimensional organ architecture is one of the key steps to develop our knowledge about pathophysiological mechanisms in various organs. In this study, we successfully obtained stereoscopic whole images of the intrauterine murine embryo and placenta through the uterus using a modified tissue clearing CUBIC method. By this procedure, we can recognize the three-dimensional relationships among various tissues within the pregnant uterus and analyze free-angle images of cross-sections with single-cell resolution using a computer system. Based on these data, we can select optimal cross-section angles and then produce the corresponding tissue slices that are adequate for further immunohistochemical examination. Furthermore, using transgenic mice, distinct images of an EGFP-positive embryo and the placenta can be obtained, confirming the precise three-dimensional location of invading trophoblasts in the feto-maternal interface in the uterus. These results indicate that this procedure will significantly contribute to analyzing pathophysiological mechanisms in reproductive organs.
Adaptive Control of Ion Yield in Femtosecond Laser Post-ionization for Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lorenc Dusan , Jerigova Monika , Stupavska Monika , Velic Dusan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSecondary ion mass spectrometry is an excellent technique of analytical chemistry, where primary ions sputter a solid sample generating the secondary ions which are determined. Although the ion yield is inherently low, it can be enhanced by using a post-ionization of sputtered neutral species. Our novel approach integrates this technique with a near infrared femtosecond laser post-ionization based on an adaptive control through a laser pulse shaper. The shaping of the laser pulse provides adaptive control to select a mass peak of interest and to enhance this peak intensity. Versatility is confirmed by optimizing the ion yield for different molecules (tryptophan, anthracene, polyethylene, and oxalic acid) with focus on parent ion enhancement, fragmentation process, sublimation effect, and excited secondary species. This proof-of-concept experiment provides not only a nonspecific increase of the overall ion yield, but also the selection of specific secondary species and the adaptive enhancement of their intensities on the order of 100, potentially simplifying data interpretation. Such tailored spectra might advance the (secondary ion) mass spectrometry to new capabilities.
Forest edge disturbance increases rattan abundance in tropical rain forest fragments
Authors: Campbell Mason J. , Edwards Will , Magrach Ainhoa , Laurance Susan G. , Alamgir Mohammed , Porolak Gabriel , Laurance William F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHuman-induced forest fragmentation poses one of the largest threats to global diversity yet its impact on rattans (climbing palms) has remained virtually unexplored. Rattan is arguably the world’s most valuable non-timber forest product though current levels of harvesting and land-use change place wild populations at risk. To assess rattan response to fragmentation exclusive of harvesting impacts we examined rattan abundance, demography and ecology within the forests of northeastern, Australia. We assessed the community abundance of rattans, and component adult (>3 m) and juvenile (≤3 m) abundance in five intact forests and five fragments (23–58 ha) to determine their response to a range of environmental and ecological parameters. Fragmented forests supported higher abundances of rattans than intact forests. Fragment size and edge degradation significantly increased adult rattan abundance, with more in smaller fragments and near edges. Our findings suggest that rattan increase within fragments is due to canopy disturbance of forest edges resulting in preferential, high-light habitat. However, adult and juvenile rattans may respond inconsistently to fragmentation. In managed forest fragments, a rattan abundance increase may provide economic benefits through sustainable harvesting practices. However, rattan increases in protected area forest fragments could negatively impact conservation outcomes.
Mechanically durable liquid-impregnated honeycomb surfaces
Authors: Brown Philip S. , Bhushan Bharat 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLiquid repellent surfaces typically work by keeping the fouling liquid in a metastable state, with trapped pockets of air between the substrate and the liquid. An alternative method with greater long-term stability utilizes liquid-impregnated surfaces, where the liquid being repelled slides over an immiscible liquid immobilized on a porous surface. Here, we report a method for creating honeycomb surfaces amenable to liquid-impregnation. Polystyrene dissolved in a water-immiscible, volatile solvent was deposited in a humid environment on a variety of substrates to achieve the necessary porosity. Evaporative cooling results in condensation of water in a breath figure array of droplets, forming a sacrificial template for the drying polymer film. These honeycomb surfaces were further functionalized with fluorosilane and dipped in the lubricating liquid to result in a durable, liquid-repellent surface. These surfaces were found to exhibit repellency towards water and oils with extremely low tilt angles due to the smooth liquid–liquid contact between the lubricating liquid and the liquid being repelled.
Holmium Laser for Endoscopic Treatment of Benign Tracheal Stenosis
Authors: Verret D. , Jategaonkar Ameya , Helman Samuel , Kadakia Sameep , Bahrami Arash , Gordin Eli , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: July 2017

Introduction Laryngotracheal stenosis is a difficult problem with varied etiology and various treatment options. The holmium laser represents another tool for the treatment of benign tracheal stenosis.
Objectives To determine the utility of holmium laser treatment for benign tracheal stenosis with regards to safety and efficacy.
Methods This was a retrospective case study examining patients with benign tracheal stenosis from 1998–2016 who underwent holmium laser treatment. Determining the safety of this procedure was the primary goal, and complications were monitored as a surrogate of safety.
Results A total of 123 patients who underwent holmium laser treatment for benign tracheal stenosis were identified. In total, 123 patients underwent 476 procedures, with follow-up ranging from 1 month to 14 years. No intraoperative or post-operative complications were identified as a direct result of the use of this particular laser.
Conclusions The holmium laser is an effective and safe laser to use for tracheal stenosis treatment. It is a contact laser with a short acting distance, which reduces the risk of injury to distal airway structures. Given the favorable experience reported here, the holmium laser should be considered when tracheal surgery is attempted.
Selen und Schwermetallentgiftung
Authors: Stoll Günther , Dawczynski Horst 
Published: July 2017

SummaryDie Entgiftung und Ausleitung von Schwermetallen mithilfe von Selen ist eine wichtige therapeutische Maßnahme. Der Beitrag diskutiert den heutigen Stand des Wissens zum mechanistischen Hintergrund, insbesondere der Schutzwirkung von Selen gegenüber Quecksilber.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der ketogenen Ernährung in der Krebstherapie
Authors: Kämmerer Ulrike , Johannes Klement Rainer 
Published: July 2017

SummaryEine ketogene Ernährung mit einem sehr hohen Fettanteil und einer Verknappung von Glukose zeigt tierexperimentell günstige Effekte auf Tumorwachstum und Überleben. In der humanen Krebstherapie deuten sich positive Wirkungen der ketogenen Diät in der Kombination mit Strahlen- und Chemotherapie an.
Gender Differences of Achilles tendon Cross-sectional Area during Loading
Authors: Intziegianni Konstantina , Cassel Michael , Hain Gerrit , Mayer Frank 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Achilles tendon (AT) is larger and stiffer in males compared to females. AT stiffness is determined by length differences during loading. However, as some collagen fibres run transversely, changes in cross-sectional area (CSA) are also expected. The study investigates the gender differences of AT-CSA during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC).Fifteen males and fifteen females were positioned prone on the isokinetic dynamometer with knee extended and ankle flexed 90°. AT-CSA [mm2] from rest to MVIC during plantar flexion was sonographically assessed. AT-CSA maximal deformation [mm2] was subtracted by CSAMVIC–CSArest. AT-CSA compliance [mm2/Nm] and strain [%] were calculated by dividing the CSA deformation [mm2] by peak torque [Nm] and CSA at rest [mm2], respectively. Gender differences were assessed by an independent sample t-test with Bonferroni correction (α=0.01).AT-CSA dimensions at rest (p=0.001) and contraction (p=0.001) as well peak torque (p=0.001) were statistically significant higher in males (54.4±5.1 mm2, 53.7±5.1 mm2, 120.1±26.8 Nm) compared to females (46.2±7.0 mm2, 43.4±6.9 mm2, 86.9±21.6 Nm). AT-CSA deformation (p=0.000) strain (p=0.000) and compliance (p=0.000) were found to be statistically significant higher in females (–2.8±0.9 mm2, –6.2±2.0%, –0.033±0.018 mm2/Nm) compared to males (–0.8±1.8 mm2, –1.4±3.3%, –0.007±0.008 mm2/Nm).During loading, the AT also deforms at the transverse level by reducing its CSA. CSA reduction was higher in females, indicating also higher CSA compliance compared to males. Higher CSA compliance might indicate higher adaptability towards loading and might be discussed as a protective factor.
Chemical vapor deposition of poly-p-xylylene in narrow tubes
Authors: Bröskamp Sara Felicitas , Redka David , Möhlmann Alexander , Franz Gerhard , Jocham Dieter 
Published: July 2017

Depositing a film via chemical vapor deposition results in superior conformity compared with other deposition techniques, primarily due to the unique chemical interactions between the surface and the reactive compounds. This technique requires a readily accessible surface and so, if the transport of the reactive species is impeded, irrespective of whether this depletion is caused by diffusion or convective flow, a homogeneous layer thickness cannot be achieved. This is often the case when applying films to the interiors of tubes, especially tubes with a dead-end, such that the inevitable loss of film-building components leads to a drop in thickness along the deposition length. The present work examined the deposition of the organic polymer poly-p-xylylene, using a reactor with dimensions that were large compared with the mean free path and tubes in which this factor (the Knudsen number) becomes unity, such that the deposition can be approximately described with the continuum model.
A so-called temperature seesaw was employed to mitigate variations in layer thickness by generating an opposing temperature gradient. It was found that, under a vacuum of several tens of mTorr, the polymer could be deposited on the interior wall of a tube with an aspect ratio of at least 100 with an accuracy of ±7.5 %. The true ceiling temperature for the N derivate of this polymer was also determined to be 70±2 °C.
La transposition de la valeur discursive
Authors: Labasse Bertrand 
Published: July 2017

RésuméL’appréciation d’une traduction dépend, comme celle du texte original, d’un ensemble de facteurs linguistiques, psychologiques et sociaux dont l’interaction est généralement difficile à appréhender. Dans un premier temps, cet article présente un modèle socio-cognitif intégrant ces facteurs, développé dans le champ de la communication écrite unilingue afin d’expliciter l’articulation des variables qui déterminent la perception de la valeur discursive.Dans un second temps, il examine l’apport possible de ce modèle à certains problèmes de la traduction, d’abord en envisageant en théorie celle-ci comme un processus multifactoriel de transposition de la valeur des discours, puis en appliquant cette approche à l’analyse de cas de traductions perçues comme défaillantes.
Du papier au numérique, traduction et mutations technologiques
Authors: Rochard Michel 
Published: July 2017

Résumé
En juin 1990 se tenait dans les locaux de l’ESIT un colloque sur La liberté en traduction en hommage à Danica Seleskovitch. Nous retiendrons cette date et ce colloque comme point de départ de notre contribution sur le rapport de la traduction avec l’écrit et la réécriture parce qu’ils s’inscrivent dans un contexte remarquable:

Le thème de la liberté en traduction renvoie à la question du rapport du traducteur avec le texte original (l’écrit) et aux limites de son action de réécriture.

Sur le plan traductologique, le débat entre sourciers et ciblistes est pratiquement dépassé et les grands courants pragmatistes (Théorie interprétative, Théorie du Skopos et analyse de discours) commencent à converger. Les théories linguistiques de la traduction perdent du terrain.

Le métier n’est encore que peu touché par les mutations technologiques. La TAO est balbutiante, la traduction automatique moribonde et la généralisation du traitement de texte peut être considérée comme un simple changement d’instrument d’écriture.

Le papier (texte, document, publication, livre…) est le vecteur archi-dominant de la communication susceptible de faire appel aux traducteurs.

L’impact de la Chute du mur de Berlin sur l’économie mondiale n’est pas encore perceptible.
Dans la suite de notre communication, ce sont ces éléments de contexte qui nous serviront de paramètres pour l’analyse de l’évolution du rapport de la traduction avec l’écrit et la réécriture au cours des deux périodes, à savoir la vingtaine d’années qui suit (mondialisation économique, Internet et messagerie, développement de la TAO) et surtout la période actuelle de la transformation numérique qui semble devoir donner lieu aux plus grandes mutations du métier de traducteur, notamment dans ses rapports avec le papier, l’écrit et la réécriture.
L’écriture et l’illusion dans l’adaptation audiovisuelle et le cas particulier de « Karambolage »
Authors: Stonner Christian 
Published: July 2017

Résumé
L’adaptation audiovisuelle – le sous-titrage et le doublage – révèle quelques surprises quant à la place qu’elle réserve à l’écriture. Le sous-titrage consiste bel et bien à ajouter une ou deux lignes de texte écrit aux images animées, ce qui en fait, en quelque sorte, une adaptation « audio-lego-visuelle ». En revanche, le doublage ne devrait a priori pas trop s’encombrer d’écriture puisqu’il s’agit de remplacer du langage parlé par du langage parlé. Or il en est tout autrement : de la « détection » à la « calligraphie » en passant tout de même par la traduction et l’adaptation, l’écriture y est omniprésente. Et le sens, si cher au traducteur, ne se cache pas toujours là où on le croit… Le but du « voice-over », méthode utilisée particulièrement dans le cadre de documentaires, est d’effacer toute trace d’écriture en faisant semblant de parler de manière spontanée, donc de créer une illusion d’interprétation simultanée. Enfin, il existe un cas où le principe même des langues source et cible semble être quelque peu ébranlé : la petite émission hebdomadaire du nom de « Karambolage » d’Arte. Peut-on alors encore parler de traduction? N’est-ce pas plutôt une sorte de rédaction ou création parallèle, bilingue et biculturelle?
Between local and standard varieties
Authors: Villena-Ponsoda Juan-Andrés , Vida-Castro Matilde 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to show evidence of the formation of an intermediate regional variety between, on the one hand, central and standard Castilian Spanish and, on the other, southern innovative dialects. This new variety, which has gradually been emerging in the urban centres of east Andalusia, is a sort of koine melting innovative non-standard phonological traits with standard features.
This paper presents data and results from a research project on the Sociolinguistic Patterns of Castilian Spanish (Pasos), as part of an International Research Project on the American and Castilian Urban Varieties of Spanish (Preseea-Project). Pasos currently deals with dialect convergence and divergence affecting both central conservative and southern innovative varieties.1
Intraoperative Topical Antibiotics for Infection Prophylaxis in Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery
Authors: Owen Matthew T. , Keener Emily M. , Hyde Zane B. , Crabtree Reaves M. , Hudson Parke W. , Griffin Russell L. , Lowe Jason A. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives:
To determine if topical vancomycin and tobramycin powder reduces the incidence of surgical site infection after pelvic ring and acetabulum fracture surgery.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Academic Level I Trauma Center.

Patients/Participants:
Two hundred nineteen patients (140 meeting inclusion criteria) with pelvic and acetabular fractures who underwent open reduction and internal fixation from March 2012 to November 2013.

Intervention:
One gram vancomycin and 1.2 g tobramycin powder applied deep in the surgical wound of the treatment group.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Postoperative infection rate.

Results:
One hundred forty patients were included. Control group (n = 69) and treatment group (n = 71) were similar for sex, age, ethnicity, and body mass index. There was no difference between groups with regards to renal function postoperative day 2 (P = 0.24). The risk of infection was 14.5% and 4.2% (P = 0.04) for the control and treatment groups, respectively. No significant effect of antibiotic treatment was observed overall after adjusting for EBL (odds ratio 0.20, 95% confidence interval, 0.02–1.06). Of note, a nonsignificant 71% increase was observed among those with ≥1 L EBL (odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval, 0.02–147.02).

Conclusions:
Topical antibiotics possibly reduce the incidence of surgical site infection after open pelvic and acetabulum fixation without increasing risk of renal impairment. The protective effect of topical antibiotics may be limited to patients with minimal intraoperative blood loss.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Incidence of Posterior Vitreous Detachment After Femtosecond LASIK Compared With Microkeratome LASIK
Authors: Osman Moataz Hamed , Khalil Noha Mahmoud , El-Agha Mohamed-Sameh 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To compare the incidence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) after femtosecond and microkeratome laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Setting:
Rowad Correction Centre, Cairo, Egypt (a private center affiliated to Cairo University).

Design:
Prospective, nonrandomized comparative unmasked study.

Methods:
The study was conducted at a single laser center. Eligible patients chose between femtosecond and microkeratome LASIK after appropriate counseling. B-scan ultrasonography was performed before surgery by a single operator. Patients with preexisting PVD (partial or complete) were excluded. The axial length was also recorded. All surgery was performed by a single surgeon. During surgery, the suction time was measured. Ultrasonography was repeated 1 month after surgery by the same operator to detect PVD.

Results:
Ten patients (20 eyes, group M) underwent LASIK using the Moria M2 microkeratome, and 10 patients (20 eyes, group F) underwent femtosecond LASIK with the IntraLase FS-150. In groups M and F, respectively, the proportion of women was 80% and 70%, and the mean age was 24.7 ± 4 years and 25.7 ± 3.3 years, the mean axial length was 24.2 ± 1.2 and 23.8 ± 1.2 mm, and the mean suction time was 18 ± 2 seconds and 63 ± 4 seconds (P < 0.001). After surgery, PVD was detected in 4 eyes (20%) in group M and 17 eyes (85%) in group F (P = 0.000044).

Conclusions:
The incidence of PVD 1 month after femtosecond LASIK was higher than after microkeratome LASIK. This may be due to longer suction time during femtosecond LASIK despite lower suction pressure.
Determination of the Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the University of North Carolina Dry Eye Management Scale
Authors: Hwang Christopher J. , Ellis Reeves , Davis Richard M. , Tolleson-Rinehart Sue 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To establish an initial estimation of the MCID of the University of North Carolina Dry Eye Management Scale (UNC DEMS) and assess its association with patient perceptions of symptom change.

Methods:
Thirty-three patients (33.3% men, 67.7% women, mean age 60.5 yrs) with previous DEMS scores were recruited from a UNC ophthalmology clinic in spring 2014. We used anchor-based methods, categorizing important symptom change, to compare the change in the DEMS scores across visits to patient assessments of change; linear regression coefficients estimated the MCID. We correlated clinical assessments, patient perceptions, and DEMS scores.

Results:
DEMS score changes correlated with global anchors [−0.4229 (P = 0.014)]. Unadjusted linear regression yielded a beta coefficient of −0.54 (confidence interval, −0.97 to −0.12, R2 = 0.18, P = 0.014), which estimated the DEMS MCID. Adjusting the regression model for days since the last visit and DEMS score improved the association (beta = −0.56; confidence interval, −0.99 to −0.13; R2 = 0.43; P = 0.013). Descriptive statistics produced an MCID of 1 point. Patients said that 2 points would represent a significant change. The DEMS modestly correlated with the Schirmer test (−0.4045, P = 0.0266), Oxford Grading Scheme (+0.3713, P = 0.0364), and tear breakup time (−0.3559, P = 0.0456).

Conclusions:
The UNC DEMS is a valid, responsive patient-reported outcome measure instrument, which is easy to use in the clinic and capable of showing an MCID of 1 point.