bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sawdust fillers loaded on Cucumis sativus fiber‐reinforced polymer composite: a novel composite for lightweight static application
Authors: Raja Thandavamoorthy , Devarajan Yuvarajan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the impact of sawdust fillers on Cucumis sativus fiber‐reinforced polymer composites through a conventional hand layup process. The objective is to develop a novel material suitable for static applications that is both lightweight and environmentally sustainable. A range of analytical techniques including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, mechanical testing, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis were employed to thoroughly characterize the resulting composite material. By integrating Cucumis sativus fibers and sawdust fillers into a polymer matrix, the study demonstrates the potential to create materials with improved mechanical properties due to addition of sawdust filler, including tensile strength (27.61 MPa), flexural strength (32.84 MPa), impact resistance (14.7 J cm−2) and hardness (42). These enhancements, averaging at 16.2%, are attributed to the addition of sawdust filler, which opens new avenues for environmentally conscious engineering solutions. XRD analysis reveals the composite's crystalline structure, indicating a crystallinity index of 64.5% and the orientation of crystalline planes. FTIR spectroscopy identifies chemical bonding and CO and CO functional groups present in the material with major peaks at 2123 and 2438 cm−1. TGA assesses the composite's thermal stability and decomposition behavior up to 380 °C. Additionally, SEM imaging elucidates the microstructural features and distribution of Cucumis sativus fibers and sawdust fillers within the epoxy matrix, while EDX analysis provides quantitative data on elemental composition. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The hectometric modelling challenge: Gaps in the current state of the art and ways forward towards the implementation of 100‐m scale weather and climate models
Authors: Lean Humphrey W. , Theeuwes Natalie E. , Baldauf Michael , Barkmeijer Jan , Bessardon Geoffrey , Blunn Lewis , Bojarova Jelena , Boutle Ian A. , Clark Peter A. , Demuzere Matthias , Dueben Peter , Frogner Inger‐Lise , de Haan Siebren , Harrison Dawn , Heerwaarden Chiel van , Honnert Rachel , Lock Adrian , Marsigli Chiara , Masson Valéry , Mccabe Anne , Reeuwijk Maarten van , Roberts Nigel , Siebesma Pier , Smolíková Petra , Yang Xiaohua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor a number of years research has been carried out in several centres which has demonstrated the potential benefits of 100‐m scale models for a range of meteorological phenomena. More recently, some meteorological services have started to consider seriously the operational implementation of practical hectometric models. Many, but by no means all, of the applications are likely to relate to urban areas, where the enhanced resolution has obvious benefits. This article is concerned with the issues that need to be addressed to bridge the gap between research at 100‐m scales and practical models. We highlight a number of key issues that need to be addressed, with suggestions of important avenues for future development. An overarching issue is the high computational cost of these models. Although some ideas to reduce this are presented, it will always be a serious constraint. This means that the benefits of these models over lower resolution ones, or other techniques for generating high‐resolution forecasts, will need to be clearly understood, as will the trade‐offs with resolution. We discuss issues with model dynamical cores and physics–dynamics coupling. There are a number of challenges around model parameterisations, where some of the traditional problems (e.g., convection) become easier but a number of new challenges (e.g., around surface parameterisations) appear. Observational data at these scales present a challenge and novel types of observations will need to be considered. Data assimilation will be needed for short‐range forecasts, but there is currently little knowledge of this, although some of the likely issues are clear. An ensemble approach will be essential in many cases (e.g., convection), but research is needed into ensembles at these scales and significant work on post‐processing systems is required to make the best use of models at these grid lengths.
Study of the Torquoselectivity of a Set of Unusual Ring‐Opening Electrocyclic Reactions: Determination of the Electronic Bonding Structure Through the Methodologies of Natural Bond Orbital Analysis and Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, and Analysis of the Electronic Reaction Mechanism Through Bond Reactivity Descriptors
Authors: Sánchez‐Márquez Jesús , Morales‐Bayuelo Alejandro 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, we have studied the torquoselectivity of a set of unusual ring‐opening electrocyclic reactions that have not been successfully rationalized using models based on orbital symmetry nor have they been explained by steric hindrance. Firstly, the corresponding transition states have been obtained, and it has been verified that the intrinsic reaction coordinates associated with these transition states are consistent with the reactants and products of the reactions studied. This has allowed us to theoretically calculate the reaction barriers (with their corresponding thermal corrections) and compare them with the corresponding experimental values. In a second step, we have analyzed the electronic bonding structure using the methodologies of Natural Bond Orbital Analysis and Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, searching for interactions that may significantly stabilize the transition states. Finally, we have analyzed the reactivity using a recent model that has allowed us to calculate the corresponding bond reactivity descriptors.
Multiplayer hierarchical decision‐making for discrete‐time nonlinear networks of service via value iteration adaptive dynamic programming
Authors: Cai Xinjiang , Gao Qing , Liu Hao , Lü Jinhu , Basin Michael V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, the multiplayer hierarchical decision‐making problem for discrete‐time nonlinear networks of service is studied from the perspective of Nash–Stackelberg–Nash games. A novel two‐level value iteration adaptive dynamic programming algorithm is developed to solve the coupled nonlinear Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations associated with the game problem, which neither requires the system drift dynamics to be known as a priori nor requests the initial strategies to be admissible. Moreover, both the value function sequences and the strategy sequences generated by the algorithm converge to their theoretical optimality. An implementation framework for the algorithm is constructed by leveraging the regularized least‐squares method, and a convergence criterion that guarantees the admissibility of the approximated strategies is also proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and implementation framework are finally demonstrated through two numerical simulation examples.
Elimination of microplastic from soil by pyrolysis and potential hazard analysis: Effects of pyrolysis temperature and holding time
Authors: Qiu Kaiying , Zhang Lingling , Xie Shibing , Zheng Mengwei , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Zefeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEfficient and harmless treatment of microplastics in soil is the current focus of microplastic pollution management. In this study, the pyrolysis effect of soil microplastics at different temperatures and holding times was analyzed. The results showed that temperature and holding time significantly affected the morphology and compositional structure of soil. Pure microplastics and product adhesion after pyrolysis at low temperature (400°C) were not easy to remove. Interestingly, compared with pure polyethylene (PE), direct pyrolysis of microplastics in soil could obtain better results, and the content of organic matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) could be significantly reduced. However, the pyrolysis performance was very unsatisfactory even if the action time was prolonged at 400°C. Prolonged high‐temperature treatment accelerated the fragmentation of the alkane main chain of PE, thus generating more PAH, and the temperature was not high enough (400°C) for further effective degradation of PAH into carbon dioxide and water. Therefore, higher temperature and longer holding time need to be selected to ensure the pyrolysis performance. This study revealed the role and mechanism of pyrolysis in soil microplastic mixed systems, aiming to provide a basis for the treatment of microplastics in terrestrial ecosystems.
An updated method for identifying the formative factors in soil structure
Authors: Anderson Amber D. , Burras C. Lee , Turk Judith , Young Rebecca , Jelinski Nic , Moorberg Colby , Presley DeAnn , Osterloh Kris , Dere Ashlee , Clark Kerry 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSoil structure is a standard component of pedon descriptions collected to characterize the nature and function of soils as a natural body. Soil structure is an important indicator of soil development and a predictor of water, air, and root movement throughout the profile. However, inconsistencies exist within the current standardized methodologies used to describe soil structure in the field, making soil structure data difficult to use and often confusing to students encountering these concepts for the first time. Therefore, we propose an updated method of soil structure description to add an interpretive component that clearly distinguishes geogenic, pedogenic, and human‐induced structures. This method employs terminology that communicates both observable morphology and the mechanism of formation. The updated method herein differentiates three classes of structure: (a) geogenic structural formation (GS), (b) natural pedological structural formation (current nomenclature), and (c) significant human‐induced structure changes from natural pedological structure. This updated approach improves the documentation of scientifically relevant soil morphology and communicates the processes involved in the formation of all forms of soil structure. As a result, this change eases description challenges around soil structure and interpretations common in soil science classes, including soil judging.
Effect of IR Laser Energy on Several Polymers Using LIBS Analysis
Authors: Yahiaoui K. , Messaoud Aberkane S. , Belala R. , Bendjaballah A. , Banoun S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe focus of this research is to use the thermal ablation properties of a Nd:YAG infrared laser to highlight the thermal damage caused by the extinction of the plasma, which leads to the disappearance of the spectra of certain polymers as the laser energy increases. The study involved testing five commonly used polymers: polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) also known as Teflon, polyoxymethylene (POM), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Bakelite, and polyamide. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis was used to qualitatively analyze the plasma generated from the polymer samples, identifying the excited species present in each of the five polymers. Wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) analysis of the polymer samples further confirmed the identification of these excited species. The results obtained from the spectra recorded at different laser energies in an air environment showed that the saturation observed in the plasma, induced by increasing laser energy, is not consistently observed for all polymers. This plasma extinction phenomenon in certain polymers is attributed to thermal effects when using an infrared (IR) laser as a heating source.
Enhancing the Safety and Efficacy of Trastuzumab Emtansine (T‐DM1) Through Nano‐Delivery System in Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Feiqi , Mao Kuirong , Chen Hongmei , Cong Xiuxiu , Tan Huizhu , Xin Yanbao , Wang Xin , Ke Jianji , Song Yanqiu , Yang Yong‐Guang , Sun Tianmeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTrastuzumab emtansine (T‐DM1), an antibody‐drug conjugate, revolutionizes breast cancer therapy by specifically delivering DM1 to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpressing tumor cells, effectively inhibiting cell division and proliferation. While T‐DM1 demonstrates superior efficacy and tolerability, T‐DM1‐induced thrombocytopenia remains a significant adverse event leading to treatment discontinuation. To address this issue, the study investigates the feasibility of using poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle to conjugate T‐DM1, aiming to alleviate T‐DM1‐induced thrombocytopenia. The T‐DM1‐conjugated PLGA nanoparticles (NPs‐T‐DM1) reduce binding to megakaryocytes without compromising the targeting ability for HER2. Administration of NPs‐T‐DM1 not only significantly inhibits tumor growth but also reduces damage to megakaryocytes, inhibits T‐DM1‐induced thrombocytopenia, and remarkably improves the safety of antibody‐conjugated drugs. This work presents a promising strategy to enhance the safety and efficacy of T‐DM1 in antitumor therapy, offering significant potential for advancing clinical application in HER2‐positive breast cancer patients.
Intranasal Delivery of Pure Nanodrug Loaded Liposomes for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment by Efficiently Regulating Microglial Polarization
Authors: Feng Qianhua , Zhang Xueli , Zhao Xiaowen , Liu Jia , Wang Qing , Yao Yuqi , Xiao Huifang , Zhu Yucui , Zhang Wenwen , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe activated M1‐like microglia induced neuroinflammation is the critical pathogenic event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglial polarization from pro‐inflammatory M1 toward anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype is a promising strategy. To efficiently accomplish this, amyloid‐β (Aβ) aggregates as the culprit of M1 microglia activation should be uprooted. Interestingly, this study finds out that the self‐reassembly of curcumin molecules into carrier‐free curcumin nanoparticles (CNPs) exhibits multivalent binding with Aβ to achieve higher inhibitory effect on Aβ aggregation, compared to free curcumin with monovalent effect. Based on this, the CNPs loaded cardiolipin liposomes are developed for efficient microglial polarization. After intranasal administration, the liposomes decompose to release CNPs and cardiolipin in response to AD oxidative microenvironment. The CNPs inhibit Aβ aggregation and promote Aβ phagocytosis/clearance in microglia, removing roadblock to microglial polarization. Subsequently, CNPs are endocytosed by microglia and inhibit TLR4/NF‐κB pathway for microglia polarization (M1→M2). Meanwhile, cardiolipin is identified as signaling molecule to normalize microglial dysfunction to prevent pro‐inflammatory factors release. In AD transgenic mice, neuroinflammation, Aβ burden, and memory deficits are relieved after treatment. Through combined attack by extracellularly eradicating roadblock of Aβ aggregation and intracellularly inhibiting inflammation‐related pathways, this nanotechnology assisted delivery system polarizes microglia efficiently, providing a reliable strategy in AD treatment.
A Review on Bi2WO6‐Based Materials for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Li Bo , Liu Xiao‐jing , Zhu Hao‐wen , Guan Hua‐peng , Guo Rui‐tang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic reduction of CO2 (PCR) technology offers the capacity to transmute solar energy into chemical energy through an eco‐friendly and efficacious process, concurrently facilitating energy storage and carbon diminution, this innovation harbors significant potential for mitigating energy shortages and ameliorating environmental degradation. Bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) is distinguished by its robust visible light absorption and distinctive perovskite‐type crystal architecture, rendering it highly efficiency in PCR. In recent years, numerous systematic strategies have been investigated for the synthesis and modification of Bi2WO6 to enhance its photocatalytic performance, aiming to achieve superior applications. This review provides a comprehensive review of the latest research progress on Bi2WO6 based materials in the field of photocatalysis. Firstly, outlining the fundamental principles, associated reaction mechanisms and reduction pathways of PCR. Then, the synthesis strategy of Bi2WO6‐based materials is introduced for the regulation of its photocatalytic properties. Furthermore, accentuating the extant applications in CO2 reduction, including metal‐Bi2WO6, semiconductor‐Bi2WO6 and carbon‐based Bi2WO6 composites etc. while concludes with an examination of the future landscape and challenges faced. This review hopes to serve as an effective reference for the continuous improvement and implementation of Bi2WO6‐based photocatalysts in PCR.
Chiral Self‐Assembly of Twisted Prisms, Cuboids, and Polyhedral Capped Cages with Tartrate Ligands
Authors: Mu Qiu‐Shui , Wang Xin‐Yu , Gao Xiang , Jin Guo‐Xin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHomochiral triangular prisms, cuboid cages, and capped polyhedral cages are successfully synthesized via coordination‐driven self‐assembly. Typical tartrate ligands demonstrated notable torsional flexibility and variable coordination numbers, allowing for diverse coordination patterns, including saturated chelation and terminal mono‐coordination with half‐sandwich rhodium and iridium fragments. The ligand lengths, molar ratios, and metal vertices are meticulously designed and fine‐tuned to yield chiral cages with entirely distinct architectures. Tartrate ligand exhibits abundant hydrogen bonding interactions and chiral induction capabilities, these supramolecular assemblies are characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. An efficient method is developed for constructing chiral structurally versatile cage‐like entities, facilitating self‐assembly in complicated multi‐component systems.
Local Release of Copper Manganese Oxide Using HA Microneedle for Improving the Efficacy of Drug‐Resistant Wound Inflammation
Authors: Gu Cheng , Fang Shu , Liu Lin , Chen Benjin , Xu Lingling , Shao Min , Sun Jianan , Qian Haisheng , Wang Wanni 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe production of bacterial toxins and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce localized oxidative stress, triggering an exaggerated immune response that impedes wound healing and culminates in chronic wounds. To address this issue, a microneedle (MN) system loaded with copper‐manganese oxide (CMO) is developed to modulate the hyperimmune response in wounds. CMO@MN exhibits excellent antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties by effectively killing bacteria, scavenging ROS, and modulating macrophage polarization through their multiple enzymatic activities and photothermal properties. RNA sequencing revealed that CMO@MN improved the therapeutic effect on the infected skin of mice by balancing the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages and promoting cell migration and angiogenesis through the regulation of relevant pathways. Overall, this CMO@MN patch skillfully balances the complex issues between the immune response and wound healing and has potential applications in the treatment of other serious bacterial infections.
Research Progress in Structure Evolution and Durability Modulation of Ir‐ and Ru‐Based OER Catalysts under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Zi Yunhai , Zhang Chengxu , Zhao Jianqiang , Cheng Ying , Yuan Jianliang , Hu Jue 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGreen hydrogen energy, as one of the most promising energy carriers, plays a crucial role in addressing energy and environmental issues. Oxygen evolution reaction catalysts, as the key to water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, have been subject to durability constraints, preventing large‐scale commercial development. Under the high current density and harsh acid‐base electrolyte conditions of the water electrolysis reaction, the active metals in the catalysts are easily converted into high‐valent soluble species to dissolve, leading to poor structural durability of the catalysts. There is an urgent need to overcome the durability challenges under acidic conditions and develop electrocatalysts with both high catalytic activity and high durability. In this review, the latest research results are analyzed in depth from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. First, a comprehensive summary of the structural deactivation state process of noble metal oxide catalysts is presented. Second, the evolution of the structure of catalysts possessing high durability is discussed. Finally, four new strategies for the preparation of stable catalysts, “electron buffer (ECB) strategy”, combination strength control, strain control, and surface coating, are summarized. The challenges and prospects are also elaborated for the future synthesis of more effective Ru/Ir‐based catalysts and boost their future application.
A Molten Alkali Approach to Tailor Hydroxyl Groups of Hexaazatrinaphthalene Toward High‐Capacity and Low‐Potential Anode of Aqueous Proton Batteries
Authors: Zhao Guoqing , Yan Xiaorong , Dai Yujie , Wang Xinyu , Wang Zhihui , Wang Bei , Li Rui , Hao Yuxin , Yu Haiping , Ma Huige , Li Hongwei , Wu Chuanguang , Liu Jingru , Hu Mingjun , Yang Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHexaazatrinaphthalene (HATN) has attracted a lot of attention in aqueous proton batteries (APBs). However, its redox potential as an anode is insufficiently negative. The introduction of electron‐donating substituent groups, such as hydroxyl groups, is considered as a good approach to reduce the redox potential of HATN. Nevertheless, manufacturing hydroxyl‐substituted HATN (HATN‐OH) requires either expensive precursors or multi‐step process, limiting their research. Herein, a straightforward strategy is proposed to synthesize HATN‐OH based on the nucleophilic substitution reaction of halogenated HATN in a molten alkali. The redox potential of 1,2,7,8,13,14‐hexahydroxy‐5,6,11,12,17,18‐hexaazatrinaphthalene (34‐HATN‐6OH) electrode may be lowered by 0.15 V in comparison to HATN, and exhibits a high specific capacity, low redox potential, remarkable rate capability, and outstanding long‐term cycling performance. The electrochemical redox kinetics is significantly enhanced owing to the formation of rapid proton transport channels created by intermolecular hydrogen bond network. The assembled MnO2||34‐HATN‐6OH full battery delivers a high discharge voltage (1.16 V) and cycling stability (74% capacity retention after 5000 cycles). This study provides a general cost‐effective molten alkali approach for the synthesis of hydroxyl‐substituted conjugated small molecules from their halogenated counterparts and further enriches the regulation means of electro‐chemical performances of organic electrodes for enabling high‐capacity and high‐voltage APBs.