bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying crop variants with high resistant starch content to maintain healthy glucose homeostasis
Authors: Petropoulou K. , Chambers E. S. , Morrison D. J. , Preston T. , Godsland I. F. , Wilde P. , Narbad A. , Parker R. , Salt L. , Morris V. J. , Domoney C. , Persaud S. J. , Holmes E. , Penson S. , Watson J. , Stocks M. , Buurman M. , Luterbacher M. , Frost G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIdentifying dietary tools that prevent disordered insulin secretion from pancreatic β‐cells is an attractive strategy to combat the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Dietary resistant starch has been linked to improvements in the function of β‐cells, possibly via increased colonic fermentation and production of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Increasing the resistant starch content of commonly consumed foods could therefore maintain glucose homeostasis at the population level. As part of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Diet and Health Research Industry Club (DRINC) initiative, variants of Pisum sativum L. (pea) are being investigated to identify the features of pea starch that make it resistant to digestion and available for colonic fermentation and SCFA production. Parallel in vitro and in vivo studies are being conducted using both whole pea seeds and pea flour to facilitate a better understanding of how cells in the pea cotyledons are affected by processing and, in turn, how this influences starch digestibility. Trials in human volunteers are being used to monitor a full spectrum of short‐ and long‐term physiological responses relevant to pancreatic β‐cell function and glucose homeostasis. This project is providing new insights into variants of crops that are associated with the specific types of resistant starch that provide the best protection against defects in insulin secretion and function.
Is the British diet improving?
Authors: Reid M. , Hammersley R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe UK government's National Diet and Nutrition Survey report of Years 5 and 6 (2012/2013–2013/2014) of the Rolling Programme has just been published. By and large, the results are not encouraging. Compared to previous results from 2008/2009, little has changed and the national sample of children and adults continues to report eating too much saturated fat, non‐milk extrinsic sugars, too few fruit and vegetables and not enough oil‐rich fish, with certain groups of the population found to have low levels of some key vitamins and minerals. A glimmer of hope is that there are a couple of indicators of improvement, and overall, the UK population's diet has not got worse in the past 6 years.
Internal carotid artery occlusion and cerebral infarction in a case of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus and positive for phosphatidylserine dependent antiprothrombin antibody
Authors: Naoi Tameto , Kameda Tomoaki , Oku Kenji , Ando Ayako , Hayashi Yuka , Miyamoto Michiaki , Suzuki Hiromi , Kawakami Tadataka 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAntiphospholipid antibodies are a major risk factor of juvenile cerebral infarction; in addition, they can cause major arterial stenosis or occlusion. We report a case of a 32‐year‐old man who had been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus at the age of 20 years, and was admitted to Shin‐Oyama City Hospital, Tochigi, Japan, because of left arm weakness. Cerebral infarction and occlusion of the right internal carotid artery were found. Tests were positive for phosphatidylserine‐dependent antiprothrombin antibody, which can be useful for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. Phosphatidylserine‐dependent antiprothrombin antibody might have the potential to cause thrombosis and vasculitis‐like occlusion.
Exploring key cellular processes and candidate genes regulating the primary thickening growth ofMoso underground shoots
Authors: Wei Qiang , Jiao Chen , Guo Lin , Ding Yulong , Cao Junjie , Feng Jianyuan , Dong Xiaobo , Mao Linyong , Sun Honghe , Yu Fen , Yang Guangyao , Shi Peijian , Ren Guodong , Fei Zhangjun 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe primary thickening growth of Moso (Phyllostachys edulis) underground shoots largely determines the culm circumference. However, its developmental mechanisms remain largely unknown.Using an integrated anatomy, mathematics and genomics approach, we systematically studied cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the growth of Moso underground shoots.We discovered that the growth displayed a spiral pattern and pith played an important role in promoting the primary thickening process of Moso underground shoots and driving the evolution of culms with different sizes among different bamboo species. Different with model plants, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of Moso is composed of six layers of cells. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified a large number of genes related to the vascular tissue formation that were significantly upregulated in a thick wall variant with narrow pith cavity, mildly spiral growth, and flat and enlargedSAM, including those related to plant hormones and those involved in cell wall development.These results provide a systematic perspective on the primary thickening growth of Moso underground shoots, and support a plausible mechanism resulting in the narrow pith cavity, weak spiral growth but increased vascular bundle of the thick wall Moso.
No evidence that boron influences tree species distributions in lowland tropical forests of Panama
Authors: Turner Benjamin L. , Zalamea Paul‐Camilo , Condit Richard , Winter Klaus , Wright S. Joseph , Dalling James W. 
Published: November 2016

Summary

It was recently proposed that boron might be the most important nutrient structuring tree species distributions in tropical forests. Here we combine observational and experimental studies to test this hypothesis for lowland tropical forests of Panama.

Plant‐available boron is uniformly low in tropical forest soils of Panama and is not significantly associated with any of the > 500 species in a regional network of forest dynamics plots. Experimental manipulation of boron supply to seedlings of three tropical tree species revealed no evidence of boron deficiency or toxicity at concentrations likely to occur in tropical forest soils. Foliar boron did not correlate with soil boron along a local scale gradient of boron availability.

Fifteen years of boron addition to a tropical forest increased plant‐available boron by 70% but did not significantly change tree productivity or boron concentrations in live leaves, wood or leaf litter. The annual input of boron in rainfall accounts for a considerable proportion of the boron in annual litterfall and is similar to the pool of plant‐available boron in the soil, and is therefore sufficient to preclude boron deficiency.

We conclude that boron does not influence tree species distributions in Panama and presumably elsewhere in the lowland tropics.
Mindfulness‐based interventions for adults who are overweight or obese: a meta‐analysis of physical and psychological health outcomes
Authors: Rogers Jeffrey M. , Ferrari Madeleine , Mosely Kylie , Lang Cathryne P. , Brennan Leah 
Published: November 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mindfulness‐based interventions on psychological and physical health outcomes in adults who are overweight or obese.MethodsWe searched 14 electronic databases for randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies that met eligibility criteria. Comprehensive Meta‐analysis software was used to compute the effect size estimate Hedge's g.ResultsFifteen studies measuring post‐treatment outcomes of mindfulness‐based interventions in 560 individuals were identified. The average weight loss was 4.2 kg. Overall effects were large for improving eating behaviours (g = 1.08), medium for depression (g = 0.64), anxiety (g = 0.62) and eating attitudes (g = 0.57) and small for body mass index (BMI; g = 0.47) and metacognition (g = 0.38) outcomes. Therapeutic effects for BMI (g = 0.43), anxiety (g = 0.53), eating attitudes (g = 0.48) and eating behaviours (g = 0.53) remained significant when examining results from higher quality randomized control trials alone. There was no efficacy advantage for studies exceeding the median dose of 12 h of face‐to‐face intervention. Studies utilizing an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy approach provided the only significant effect for improving BMI (g = 0.66), while mindfulness approaches produced great variation from small to large (g = 0.30–1.68) effects across a range of psychological health and eating‐related constructs. Finally, the limited longitudinal data suggested maintenance of BMI (g = 0.85) and eating attitudes (g = 0.75) gains at follow‐up were only detectable in lower quality prospective cohort studies.ConclusionsMindfulness‐based interventions may be both physically and psychologically beneficial for adults who are overweight or obese, but further high‐quality research examining the mechanisms of action are encouraged.
Blaise Cendrars et sesGrands Fétiches
Authors: Doubinsky Sébastien 
Published: November 2016

Quand l’écrivain Blaise Cendrars fait paraître sa série de poèmes réunis sous le titreLes Grands Fétichesdans la revue bruxelloiseLe Disque verten 1922, il semble participer de la grande mode « Nègre » qui secoue la France en cette période. Co‐découvreur des arts dits « primitives » dès 1916 avec Guillaume Apollinaire, l’écrivain va les insérer dans son travail poétique comme miroirs inversés de la modernité occidentale. Cependant, même s'il utilise certains des clichés racistes de son époque, il se place lui‐même dans le camp des « mélanophiles », et va se servir de cet Art Nègre pour repousser à l'extrême les frontières de la modernité. La série desGrands Fétichesparticipe directement de ce désir, et nous tenterons de montrer dans cet article comment ces objets dits primitifs deviennent des objets « instables » qui remettent en question la définition même du poétique.
An empirical method that separates irreversible stem radial growth from bark water content changes in trees: theory and case studies
Authors: Mencuccini Maurizio , Salmon Yann , Mitchell Patrick , Hölttä Teemu , Choat Brendan , Meir Patrick , O'Grady Anthony , Tissue David , Zweifel Roman , Sevanto Sanna , Pfautsch Sebastian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSubstantial uncertainty surrounds our knowledge of tree stem growth, with some of the most basic questions, such as when stem radial growth occurs through the daily cycle, still unanswered.We employed high‐resolution point dendrometers, sap flow sensors, and developed theory and statistical approaches, to devise a novel method separating irreversible radial growth from elastic tension‐driven and elastic osmotically driven changes in bark water content. We tested this method using data from five case study species. Experimental manipulations, namely a field irrigation experiment on Scots pine and a stem girdling experiment on red forest gum trees, were used to validate the theory.Time courses of stem radial growth following irrigation and stem girdling were consistent with a‐priori predictions. Patterns of stem radial growth varied across case studies, with growth occurring during the day and/or night, consistent with the available literature. Importantly, our approach provides a valuable alternative to existing methods, as it can be approximated by a simple empirical interpolation routine that derives irreversible radial growth using standard regression techniques. Our novel method provides an improved understanding of the relative source–sink carbon dynamics of tree stems at a sub‐daily time scale.
Impact of the Circadian Clock on UV‐Induced DNA Damage Response and Photocarcinogenesis
Authors: Dakup Panshak , Gaddameedhi Shobhan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe skin is in constant exposure to various external environmental stressors, including solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Various wavelengths of UV light are absorbed by the DNA and other molecules in the skin to cause DNA damage and induce oxidative stress. The exposure to excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation and/or accumulation of damage over time can lead to photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. The nucleotide excision repair (NER) system is the sole mechanism for removing UV photoproduct damage from DNA, and genetic disruption of this repair pathway leads to the photosensitive disorder xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). Interestingly, recent work has shown that NER is controlled by the circadian clock, the body's natural time‐keeping mechanism, through regulation of the rate‐limiting repair factor xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA). Studies have shown reduced UV‐induced skin cancer after UV exposure in the evening compared to the morning, which corresponds with times of high and low repair capacities, respectively. However, most studies of the circadian clock–NER connection have utilized murine models, and it is therefore important to translate these findings to humans to improve skin cancer prevention and chronotherapy.
The Cartography of UV‐induced DNA Damage Formation and DNA Repair
Authors: Hu Jinchuan , Adar Sheera 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDNA damage presents a barrier to DNA‐templated biochemical processes, including gene expression and faithful DNA replication. Compromised DNA repair leads to mutations, enhancing the risk for genetic diseases and cancer development. Conventional experimental approaches to study DNA damage required a researcher to choose between measuring bulk damage over the entire genome, with little or no resolution regarding a specific location, and obtaining data specific to a locus of interest, without a global perspective. Recent advances in high‐throughput genomic tools overcame these limitations and provide high‐resolution measurements simultaneously across the genome. In this review, we discuss the available methods for measuring DNA damage and their repair, focusing on genomewide assays for pyrimidine photodimers, the major types of damage induced by ultraviolet irradiation. These new genomic assays will be a powerful tool in identifying key components of genome stability and carcinogenesis.
The Photolyase/Cryptochrome Family of Proteins as DNA Repair Enzymes and Transcriptional Repressors
Authors: Kavakli Ibrahim Halil , Baris Ibrahim , Tardu Mehmet , Gül Şeref , Öner Haşimcan , Çal Sibel , Bulut Selma , Yarparvar Darya , Berkel Çağlar , Ustaoğlu Pınar , Aydın Cihan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLight is a very important environmental factor that governs many cellular responses in organisms. As a consequence, organisms possess different kinds of light‐sensing photoreceptors to regulate their physiological variables and adapt to a given habitat. The cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF) includes photoreceptors that perform different functions in different organisms. Photolyases repair ultraviolet‐induced DNA damage by a process known as photoreactivation using photons absorbed from the blue end of the light spectrum. On the other hand, cryptochromes act as blue light circadian photoreceptors in plants and Drosophila to regulate growth and development. In mammals, cryptochromes have light‐independent functions and are very important transcriptional regulators that act at the molecular level as negative transcriptional regulators of the circadian clock. In this review, we highlight current knowledge concerning the structural and functional relationships of CPF members.
Safety and effectiveness of a single and repeat intramuscular injection of a GnRHvaccine (GonaCon™) in adult female domestic cats
Authors: Vansandt LM , Kutzler MA , Fischer AE , Morris KN , Swanson WF 
Published: November 2016

ContentsSterilization is a key strategy to reduce the number of domestic cats entering and killed in shelters each year. However, surgical sterilization is expensive and labour‐intensive and cannot fully address the 70 million free‐roaming cats estimated to exist in the United States. GonaCon™ is a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone vaccine originally developed for use as a wildlife immunocontraceptive. An earlier formulation was tested in domestic cats and found to be safe and effective for long‐term contraception. However, the current Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)‐registered formulation consists of a different antigen‐carrier protein and increased antigen concentration and has never been tested in cats. A pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the short‐term safety of a single GonaCon immunization, assess the consequences of vaccinated cats receiving an accidental second GonaCon injection and determine the humoral immune response to immunization. During Phase 1, cats in Group A (n = 3) received a single intramuscular injection of GonaCon and Group B (n = 3) received a single intramuscular injection of saline. During Phase 2, Group A received a second GonaCon injection and Group B received their initial GonaCon injection. All cats developed GnRHantibodies within 30 days of vaccine administration. The endpoint titre (1:1,024,000) was similar among all cats, and levels remained high throughout the duration of the study. Four cats developed a sterile, painless, self‐limiting mass at the site of injection. The mean number of days to mass development was 110.3 (range, 18–249 days). In conclusion, this preliminary study suggests that theEPA‐registered GonaCon formulation is safe for continued testing in domestic cats, an accidental revaccination should not increase the risk of a vaccine reaction and theEPA‐registered formulation effectively elicits a strong humoral immune response.
Simplicity is key: restoration protocols for nonregenerating forests degraded by overabundant herbivores
Authors: Charron Louis , Hermanutz Luise 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGlobal forests are being lost and degraded at an alarming rate; hence ecological restoration becomes an integral component ensuring future forest health. Beneficial effects of restoration will depend on scientifically based practices within an adaptive management framework. On the island of Newfoundland, moose (Alces alces) have become overabundant since their introduction in the early 1900s causing regeneration failure of the balsam fir (Abies balsamea) forest. Intensive selective browsing by moose on this foundation species within naturally insect‐generated gaps has created “spruce‐moose meadows.” Experimental restoration to support Parks Canada Ecological Integrity targets was implemented in the boreal forest of Terra Nova National Park (Newfoundland, Canada), along a gradient of disturbance from closed canopy forest to large insect‐disturbed gaps. Seedling planting was carried out under various ground preparation treatments (field planting, aboveground suppression, and scarification). Seedling performance (survival, growth, and browsing occurrence) was monitored over 2 years and mixed‐effects models were constructed to determine seedling responses, which form the template of future forests. Results show minimally positive effects of the ground treatments along the gradient of disturbance, while environmental conditions and seedling individual traits explained the majority of seedling responses. Better growth, lower survival, and higher browsing intensity were observed with increasing forest disturbance, with taller seedlings at planting performing the best. Considering that no substantial biological benefits were detected following ground treatments, which are costly and time‐consuming to implement, active restoration in boreal forest can be implemented using standard forestry planting protocols, without any ground preparation, independently of the forest degradation state.
Serum sPD‐L1, Upregulated in Sepsis, May Reflect Disease Severity and Clinical Outcomes in Septic Patients
Authors: Liu M. , Zhang X. , Chen H. , Wang G. , Zhang J. , Dong P. , Liu Y. , An S. , Wang L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe aimed to find the correlation between serum sPD‐L1 (soluble programmed cell death L‐1 ligand) and sepsis. Totally 91 consecutive patients with sepsis were performed in a 15‐bed medical intensive care unit (ICU) of the second affiliated hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University in Xi'an, China, between February 2015 and May 2016. Healthy controls (HC) consisted of 29 healthy volunteer. Baseline demographic data were recorded. Blood samples were collected through an indwelling central venous or by peripheral venipuncture. Serum sPD‐L1 and sPD‐1 levels were determined with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits (Elabscience Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China). SPSS19.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were also performed. Serum sPD‐L1 levels and sPD‐1 levels were significantly increased in septic patients compared with HC (P = 0.000). Serum sPD‐L1 levels were significantly increased in non‐survivors compared with survivors (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically difference on serum sPD‐1 levels between non‐survivors and survivors (P > 0.05). Serum sPD‐L1 levels were correlated with absolute lymphocyte (ALC), platelets and SOFA scores. Serum sPD‐L1/sPD‐1 levels were negatively correlated with ALC and platelets, and SOFA scores. The prognostic accuracy of the sPD‐L1 level to predict 28‐day mortality was similar to that of the APACHE‐II scores and SOFA scores. Cox regression analysis showed that sPD‐L1 was an independent prognostic factor. Serum sPD‐L1 is upregulated in sepsis and may reflect disease severity and clinical outcomes in patients. Serum sPD‐L1 may be an independent prognostic factor for sepsis.
Autocovariance Estimation in Regression with a Discontinuous Signal and m‐Dependent Errors: A Difference‐Based Approach
Authors: Tecuapetla‐Gómez Inder , Munk Axel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe discuss a class of difference‐based estimators for the autocovariance in nonparametric regression when the signal is discontinuous and the errors form a stationary m‐dependent process. These estimators circumvent the particularly challenging task of pre‐estimating such an unknown regression function. We provide finite‐sample expressions of their mean squared errors for piecewise constant signals and Gaussian errors. Based on this, we derive biased‐optimized estimates that do not depend on the unknown autocovariance structure. Notably, for positively correlated errors, that part of the variance of our estimators that depend on the signal is minimal as well. Further, we provide sufficient conditions for
‐consistency; this result is extended to piecewise Hölder regression with non‐Gaussian errors.We combine our biased‐optimized autocovariance estimates with a projection‐based approach and derive covariance matrix estimates, a method that is of independent interest. An R package, several simulations and an application to biophysical measurements complement this paper.
Experimental analysis of piezomagnetic behaviour of ferromagnetic steels subjected to tensile stress
Authors: Bao S. , Gu Y. , Hu S. , Lou H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to explore the correlation between the mechanical actions and the piezomagnetic field variations of ferromagnetic steels. The continuous examination of changes in the piezomagnetic behaviour was performed during tensile tests of Q235 and Q345 steels. The results obtained allowed the division of the magnetic behaviour of the investigated steels into four stages corresponding to four distinct loading stages. The piezomangtic fields demonstrate apparently different variation characteristics in different loading stages. Furthermore, the field intensity firstly reaches its extremum before the yield point. The variation of the ratio between the stress of the extreme point and the yield strength shows regular changes. The characteristics of the piezomagnetic responses are discussed in terms of the mechanical and microstructural condition of the steel. Additionally, a comparison of the piezomagnetic field variations in Q235 and Q345 steels demonstrates that the piezomagnetic properties are unique attributes of the material, which may result from the different chemical composition and microstructure of the two steels.