bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-Step Synthesis of Microporous Carbon Monoliths Derived from Biomass with High Nitrogen Doping Content for Highly Selective CO2 Capture
Authors: Geng Zhen , Xiao Qiangfeng , Lv Hong , Li Bing , Wu Haobin , Lu Yunfeng , Zhang Cunman 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe one-step synthesis method of nitrogen doped microporous carbon monoliths derived from biomass with high-efficiency is developed using a novel ammonia (NH3)-assisted activation process, where NH3 serves as both activating agent and nitrogen source. Both pore forming and nitrogen doping simultaneously proceed during the process, obviously superior to conventional chemical activation. The as-prepared nitrogen-doped active carbons exhibit rich micropores with high surface area and high nitrogen content. Synergetic effects of its high surface area, microporous structure and high nitrogen content, especially rich nitrogen-containing groups for effective CO2 capture (i.e., phenyl amine and pyridine-nitrogen) lead to superior CO2/N2 selectivity up to 82, which is the highest among known nanoporous carbons. In addition, the resulting nitrogen-doped active carbons can be easily regenerated under mild conditions. Considering the outstanding CO2 capture performance, low production cost, simple synthesis procedure and easy scalability, the resulting nitrogen-doped microporous carbon monoliths are promising candidates for selective capture of CO2 in industrial applications.
New Volleyballenes: Y20C60 and La20C60
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Ying 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTwo new stable Volleyballenes, the Y20C60 and La20C60 molecular clusters, are proposed on the basis of first-principles density functional theory. In conjunction with recent findings for the scandium system, these findings establish Volleyballene M20C60 molecules as a general class of stable molecules within the fullerene family. Both Y20C60 and La20C60 molecules have Th point group symmetries and relatively large HOMO-LUMO gaps.
Macrophage polarization in experimental and clinical choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Yang Yu , Liu Fang , Tang Miao , Yuan Miner , Hu Andina , Zhan Zongyi , Li Zijing , Li Jiaqing , Ding Xiaoyan , Lu Lin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMacrophages play an important role in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study, the spatial and temporal changes and the polarization of macrophages in murine laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) were investigated and the polarized M1 and M2 biomarkers in the aqueous humors of neovascular AMD (nAMD) patients were studied. Macrophages, the main infiltrating inflammatory cells in CNV lesions, were evidenced by a significant increase in F4/80 mRNA expression and by the infiltration of F4/80+ cells in the lesions and the vicinity of laser-induced CNV. The mRNA expressions of M1-related markers were dramatically upregulated in the early stage, while the M2-related markers were slightly upregulated in the middle stage and sustained until the late stage. The results of immunostaining showed a similar early-but-transient M1 pattern and a delayed-but-sustained M2 pattern in laser-induced CNV. In addition, a higher M2/M1 ratio was found in both the murine models (Arg-1/iNOS and CCL22/CXCL10) and the aqueous humors of nAMD patients (CCL22/CXCL10) than in the controls. Our results suggested that the dynamic patterns of M1 and M2 were different in both the experimental and clinical CNV. The M2 macrophages were predominant and may play a more important role in the development of CNV.
The causal relevance of body mass index in different histological types of lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Carreras-Torres Robert , Haycock Philip C. , Relton Caroline L. , Martin Richard M. , Smith George Davey , Kraft Peter , Gao Chi , Tworoger Shelley , Le Marchand Loïc , Wilkens Lynne R. , Park Sungshim L. , Haiman Christopher , Field John K. , Davies Michael , Marcus Michael , Liu Geoffrey , Caporaso Neil E. , Christiani David C. , Wei Yongyue , Chen Chu , Doherty Jennifer A. , Severi Gianluca , Goodman Gary E. , Hung Rayjean J. , Amos Christopher I. , McKay James , Johansson Mattias , Brennan Paul 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBody mass index (BMI) is inversely associated with lung cancer risk in observational studies, even though it increases the risk of several other cancers, which could indicate confounding by tobacco smoking or reverse causality. We used the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to circumvent these limitations of observational epidemiology by constructing a genetic instrument for BMI, based on results from the GIANT consortium, which was evaluated in relation to lung cancer risk using GWAS results on 16,572 lung cancer cases and 21,480 controls. Results were stratified by histological subtype, smoking status and sex. An increase of one standard deviation (SD) in BMI (4.65 Kg/m2) raised the risk for lung cancer overall (OR = 1.13; P = 0.10). This was driven by associations with squamous cell (SQ) carcinoma (OR = 1.45; P = 1.2 × 10−3) and small cell (SC) carcinoma (OR = 1.81; P = 0.01). An inverse trend was seen for adenocarcinoma (AD) (OR = 0.82; P = 0.06). In stratified analyses, a 1 SD increase in BMI was inversely associated with overall lung cancer in never smokers (OR = 0.50; P = 0.02). These results indicate that higher BMI may increase the risk of certain types of lung cancer, in particular SQ and SC carcinoma.
Compact tri‐band bandpass filter using SISRLR
Authors: Liu Shuai , Xu Jun 
Published: August 2016

A novel tri‐band bandpass filter (BPF) using a stepped‐impedance square ring loaded resonator (SISRLR) is presented. The proposed resonator consists of a square ring with two open stubs and two short stubs. By tuning the impedance ratios of the SISRLR, the passbands can be adjusted and three pairs of transmission poles are produced for tri‐band design. On the basis of the resonator, a miniaturised tri‐band BPF operating at 1.7 GHz (mobile communication), 3.5 GHz (worldwide interoperability for microwave access application), and 5.8 GHz (WLAN application) has been designed and fabricated. Measured results demonstrate good agreement with simulations.
Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in the Immunocompetent Patient—Many Questions, Some Answers
Authors: Fisher John F. , Valencia-Rey Paula A. , Davis William B. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background.  There are no prospective data regarding the management of pulmonary cryptococcosis in the immunocompetent patient. Clinical guidelines recommend oral fluconazole for patients with mild to moderate symptoms and amphotericin B plus flucytosine followed by fluconazole for severe disease. It is unclear whether patients who have histological evidence of Cryptococcus neoformans but negative cultures will even respond to drug treatment. We evaluated and managed a patient whose presentation and course raised important questions regarding the significance of negative cultures, antifungal choices, duration of therapy, and resolution of clinical, serologic, and radiographic findings.
Methods.  In addition to our experience, to answer these questions we reviewed available case reports and case series regarding immunocompetent patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis for the last 55 years using the following definitions: Definite - Clinical and/or radiographic findings of pulmonary infection and respiratory tract isolation of C. neoformans without other suspected etiologies; Probable - Clinical and radiographic findings of pulmonary infection, histopathologic evidence of C. neoformans, and negative fungal cultures with or without a positive cryptococcal polysaccharide antigen.
Results.  Pulmonary cryptococcosis resolves in most patients with or without specific antifungal therapy. Clinical, radiographic, and serologic resolution is slow and may take years.
Conclusions.  Persistently positive antigen titers are most common in untreated patients and may remain strongly positive despite complete or partial resolution of disease. Respiratory fungal cultures are often negative and may indicate nonviable organisms.
DIABLO: from multi-omics assays to biomarker discovery, an integrative approach
Authors: Singh Amrit , Shannon Casey P. , Gautier Benoît , Rohart Florian , Vacher Michaël , Tebbutt Scott J. , Lê Cao Kim-Anh 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSystems biology approaches, leveraging multi-omics measurements, are needed to capture the complexity of biological networks while identifying the key molecular drivers of disease mechanisms. We present DIABLO, a novel integrative method to identify multi-omics biomarker panels that can discriminate between multiple phenotypic groups. In the multi-omics analyses of simulated and real-world datasets, DIABLO resulted in superior biological enrichment compared to other integrative methods, and achieved comparable predictive performance with existing multi-step classification schemes. DIABLO is a versatile approach that will benefit a diverse range of research areas, where multiple high dimensional datasets are available for the same set of specimens. DIABLO is implemented along with tools for model selection, and validation, as well as graphical outputs to assist in the interpretation of these integrative analyses (http://mixomics.org/).
Are we all here for the same purpose? Social media and individualized collective action
Authors: Pang Natalie , Goh Debbie Pei Chin 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– Building on studies examining the role of social media in contemporary forms of collective action and social movements, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the link between prior informational use of social media and individualized collective action.Design/methodology/approach– In total, 220 participants were surveyed in real-time during a protest against overpopulation in Singapore.Findings– Social media use was significant in disseminating information about the protest, and reflecting perceived personal relevance for specific issues. The authors found mixed motivations for attending the protest, significantly shaped by social proximity to organizers and personal relevance.Originality/value– The authors address research gaps in the link between social media use and individualized collective action, and real-time data collection during a protest. It is often difficult to study this link, given that social media may not be always the only platform used prior to a protest by participants. The case discussed here provides a unique opportunity for this to be addressed: the protest was not publicized by local mainstream media prior to the event and social media was the only place for both activists and the public to find and disseminate information about the protest. In other words, how participants used social media had a direct and meaningful impact on their participation in the protest.
Modeling the Highly Dynamic Loading of Mercury Species in the Carson River and Lahontan Reservoir System, Nevada
Authors: Carroll Rosemary W.H. , Warwick John J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe semiarid Carson River — Lahontan Reservoir system in Nevada, United States is highly contaminated with mercury (Hg) from historic mining with contamination dispersed throughout channel and floodplain deposits. Work builds on previous research using a fully dynamic numerical model to outline a complete conceptualization of the system that includes transport and fate of both sorbed and dissolved constituents. Flow regimes are defined to capture significant mechanisms of Hg loading that include diffusion, channel pore water advective flux, bank erosion, and overbank deposition. Advective flux of pore water is required to reduce dilution and likely represents colloidal‐mediated transport. Fluvial concentrations span several orders of magnitude with spatial and temporal trends simulated within 10‐24% error for all modeled species. Over the simulation period, 1991‐2008, simulated loads are 582 kg/yr (THg2+), 4.72 kg/yr (DHg2+), 0.54 kg/yr (TMeHg), and 0.07 kg/yr (DMeHg) with bank erosion processes the principal mechanism of loading for both total and dissolved species. Prediction error in the reservoir is within one‐order of magnitude and considered qualitative; however, simulated results indicate internal cycling within the receiving reservoir accounts for only 1% of the reservoir's water column contamination, with river channel sediment sources more influential in the upper reservoir and bank erosion processes having greater influence in the lower reservoir.
Treatment interruption during radiation therapy: Experience at a single institution in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Jung Ae , Lee Nam Kwon , Yoon Won Sup , Yang Dae Sik , Kim Chul Yong , Lee Se Ryun , Seong Hwa Jeong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimOur study analyzed the frequency and causes of treatment interruption among patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT).MethodsA total of 1637 RT courses in 1500 patients were reviewed from September 2009 to October 2013. A continuous break over 7 days or a discontinuous break over 14 days was regarded as a temporary break and RT under 80% of planned treatment was regarded as incomplete.ResultsTwo‐hundred and twenty courses (13.4%) with treatment interruption were identified. Half of the patients received RT with a definitive aim, and the other half for palliative care. Completion after temporary break, near completion and incompletion were noticed in 12.3%, 21.3%, and 66.4% of cases, respectively. Among patients with a definite aim, thorax (19.2%) and abdomen (16.3%) had a higher interruption rate. For brain and bone with a palliative aim, the frequency of interruption was about 16%. Old age and worse performance negatively affected interruption. The most common cause of treatment interruption was cancer progression including death (30%) and the next was treatment‐related side effects (23.1%).ConclusionAbout 13% of RT cases were interrupted. Two third of patients received less than 80% of the planned RT. To improve RT completion rate, multidirectional efforts are needed.
Suspicion in the workplace: Organizational conspiracy theories and work‐related outcomes
Authors: Douglas Karen M. , Leite Ana C. 
Published: August 2016

Belief in conspiracy theories about societal events is widespread and has important consequences for political, health, and environmental behaviour. Little is known, however, about how conspiracy theorizing affects people's everyday working lives. In the present research, we predicted that belief in conspiracy theories about the workplace would be associated with increased turnover intentions. We further hypothesized that belief in these organizational conspiracy theories would predict decreased organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Finally, we hypothesized that these factors would mediate the relationship between organizational conspiracy theories and turnover intentions. In three studies (one correlational and two experiments, Ns = 209, 119, 202), we found support for these hypotheses. The current studies therefore demonstrate the potentially adverse consequences of conspiracy theorizing for the workplace. We argue that managers and employees should be careful not to dismiss conspiracy theorizing as harmless rumour or gossip.
“Don't Rubbish Our Town”: “Anti‐Social Behaviour” and Indigenous‐Settler Forms of Belonging in Alice Springs, Central Australia
Authors: OTTOSSON ÅSE 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMany Australian indigenous‐settler towns experience public disorder involving indigenous people. Through focussing on indigenous experiences, scholars mostly explain this in terms of structural inequality and divisions between the two categories of indigenous and non‐indigenous. Based on field‐research in Alice Springs, Central Australia, the article explores how the debate about “anti‐social behaviour” mediates contested sets of values that do not map onto an indigenous/non‐indigenous division. The author argues for an expansion of conceptual models and field approaches to account for the more complex patterns of diverging and converging interests in contemporary indigenous‐settler towns. By foregrounding place‐specific forms of belonging she reveals new forms of difference, as well as shared values, both within and across indigenous and non‐indigenous segments of the town population. [Indigenous‐Settler Towns; Belonging; Anti‐Social Behaviour; Alice Springs; Central Australia]
Copulatory plugs inhibit the reproductive success of rival males
Authors: Mangels R. , Tsung K. , Kwan K. , Dean M. D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEjaculated proteins play important roles in reproductive fitness. In many species, seminal fluid coagulates and forms what has been referred to as a copulatory plug in the female's reproductive tract. In mice, previous work demonstrated that knockout males missing a key seminal fluid protein were unable to form a plug and less successful at siring litters in noncompetitive matings (one female, one male), probably the result of reduced sperm transport or insufficient stimulation of the female. Here, we extend these previous studies to competitive matings (one female, two males) and make two key insights. First, when first males were unable to form a plug, they lost almost all paternity to second males to mate. Thus, the copulatory plugs of second males could not rescue the reduced fertility of first males. Second, we showed that the copulatory plug of first males effectively blocked fertilization by second males, even if first males were vasectomized. Taken together, our experiments demonstrated that first males lost almost all paternity if they never formed a plug. We discuss our results in the context of natural populations, where in spite of the strong effects seen here, pregnant female mice regularly carry litters fertilized by more than one male.
Asset Pricing without Garbage
Authors: KROENCKE TIM A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper provides an explanation for why garbage implies a much lower relative risk aversion in the consumption‐based asset pricing model than National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) consumption expenditure: Unlike garbage, NIPA consumption is filtered to mitigate measurement error. I apply a simple model of the filtering process that allows one to undo the filtering inherent in NIPA consumption. “Unfiltered NIPA consumption” well explains the equity premium and is priced in the cross‐section of stock returns. I discuss the likely properties of true consumption (i.e., without measurement error and filtering) and quantify implications for habit and long‐run risk models.
TIOtropium Safety and Performance In Respimat® (TIOSPIRTM): Analysis of Asian cohort of COPD patients
Authors: Zhong Nanshan , Moon Hwa S. , Lee Kwan H. , Mahayiddin Aziah A. , Boonsawat Watchara , Isidro Marie G.D. , Bai ChunXue , Mueller Achim , Metzdorf Norbert , Anzueto Antonio 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBackground and objective
The TIOtropium Safety and Performance In Respimat (TIOSPIR) trial showed similar safety and exacerbation efficacy profiles for tiotropium Respimat and HandiHaler in patients with COPD. The TIOSPIR results for patients in Asia are presented here.Methods
TIOSPIR evaluated once‐daily tiotropium Respimat 5 and 2.5 µg with HandiHaler 18 µg in patients with COPD. Primary endpoints included time to death and time to first COPD exacerbation. Safety and exacerbation efficacy profiles were determined for the Asian region, and for Asia (all treatment arms pooled) versus the rest of the world (RoW).ResultsIn Asia (n = 2356), time to death was similar for Respimat 5 and 2.5 µg versus HandiHaler 18 µg (hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI): 0.96 (0.67, 1.38) and 1.23 (0.87, 1.73)). Risk of COPD exacerbation was similar for Respimat 5 µg, but increased for 2.5 µg versus HandiHaler 18 µg (HR (95% CI): 0.99 (0.85, 1.15) and 1.17 (1.00, 1.35)). Time to death in Asia and RoW was similar (HR (95% CI): 1.15 (0.99, 1.35)). Time to first COPD exacerbation was longer (HR (95% CI): 0.84 (0.78, 0.89)) and exacerbation rates were lower in Asia, but severe exacerbations were more frequent than in the RoW. Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events was similar for both regions.ConclusionSimilar safety and exacerbation efficacy profiles were observed for tiotropium Respimat 5 µg and HandiHaler 18 µg in patients with COPD from Asia, analogous to the global analysis. Asian patients had lower risk of, and fewer exacerbations overall, but a higher proportion of severe exacerbations than in the RoW.
Why are we Still Dialyzing Overdoses to Tricyclic Antidepressants? A subanalysis of the NPDS database
Authors: Lavergne Valery , Hoffman Robert S. , Mowry James B. , Cormier Monique , Gosselin Sophie , Roberts Darren M. , Ghannoum Marc 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA recent analysis of the American Association of Poison Control Centers database, showed that poisonings from toxins not usually considered amenable to extracorporeal purification (“non‐classic toxins” such as ethanol and tricyclic antidepressants) continue to be reported. This publication investigates factors that may explain these findings. Our results suggest that: 1) the relatively high absolute number of ECTR performed for non‐classic toxins may simply reflect the large number of exposures to these toxins, 2) poisoning from another toxin may have been the reason for ECTR initiation in some exposures to non‐classic toxins, 3) poisoning from non‐classic toxins may receive ECTR for purposes other than toxin removal, and 4) the decisional threshold to initiate ECTR may be lower for non‐classic toxins because of heightened toxicity.
Exploring Human Cognition Using Large Image Databases
Authors: Griffiths Thomas L. , Abbott Joshua T. , Hsu Anne S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMost cognitive psychology experiments evaluate models of human cognition using a relatively small, well‐controlled set of stimuli. This approach stands in contrast to current work in neuroscience, perception, and computer vision, which have begun to focus on using large databases of natural images. We argue that natural images provide a powerful tool for characterizing the statistical environment in which people operate, for better evaluating psychological theories, and for bringing the insights of cognitive science closer to real applications. We discuss how some of the challenges of using natural images as stimuli in experiments can be addressed through increased sample sizes, using representations from computer vision, and developing new experimental methods. Finally, we illustrate these points by summarizing recent work using large image databases to explore questions about human cognition in four different domains: modeling subjective randomness, defining a quantitative measure of representativeness, identifying prior knowledge used in word learning, and determining the structure of natural categories.