bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Titanium Dioxide/Upconversion Nanoparticles/Cadmium Sulfide Nanofibers Enable Enhanced Full‐Spectrum Absorption for Superior Solar Light Driven Photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Fu , Zhang Chuan‐Ling , Wang Wan‐Ni , Cong Huai‐Ping , Qian Hai‐Sheng 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate an electrospinning technique to fabricate TiO2/upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)/CdS nanofibers on large scale. In addition, the as‐prepared TiO2 nanofibers are incorporated with a high population of UCNPs and CdS nanospheres; this results in Förster resonance energy‐transfer configurations of the UCNPs, TiO2, and CdS nanospheres that are in close proximity. Hence, strong fluorescent emissions for the Tm3+ ions including the 1G4→3H6 transition are efficiently transferred to TiO2 and the CdS nanoparticles through an energy‐transfer process. The as‐prepared TiO2/UCNPs/CdS nanofibers exhibit full‐spectrum solar‐energy absorption and enable the efficient degradation of organic dyes by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the UCNPs and TiO2 (or CdS). The UCNPs/TiO2/CdS nanofibers may also have enhanced energy‐transfer efficiency for wide applications in solar cells, bioimaging, photodynamics, and chemotherapy.
Vaginal fine‐needle aspiration: A useful alternative to biopsy
Authors: Lin Diana Murro , Barkan Güliz A. , Chatt Grazina , Park Ji‐Weon , Gattuso Paolo 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundVaginal fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is infrequently performed to assess palpable lesions. We perform the first multi‐institutional study to evaluate this procedure.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed vaginal FNAs performed at two institutions for the past 27 years. Clinical, cytological and histological data were reviewed and tabulated.ResultsWe identified 43 specimens from 39 patients (mean age 56 years, range 18‐86 years). Twenty four patients (62%) had prior malignancies from the following sites: gynecologic tract (22), bladder (1), and breast (1). Twenty four specimens were malignant, 18 were benign (including eight cases from patients with prior malignancy) and one was unsatisfactory. Of 28 FNA specimens from patients with a malignant history, 18 (64%) were positive for malignancy. The most common malignancies were metastatic ovarian carcinoma (50%), squamous cell carcinoma (25%), and uterine cancer (17%). Mean time to metastasis/recurrence was 16 months and was longest in patients with ovarian metastasis (26 months) compared to other malignancies (P = 0.002). The most common benign diagnoses were cysts (33%) and inflammation (22%). In 27 cases with histological correlation, there were 20 true positives, six true negatives and one false negative (sensitivity =95%, specificity =100%). Seven patients had a recent Pap test with two true positives, two true negatives, and three false negatives (sensitivity = 40%, specificity = 100%).ConclusionVaginal FNA is usually performed to rule out a secondary malignancy, often of ovarian origin. Vaginal metastases from extra‐gynecologic sites are rare. FNA is both highly sensitive and specific and may be a safe and effective alternative to biopsy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:665–669. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trait adaptation promotes species coexistence in diverse predator and prey communities
Authors: Klauschies Toni , Vasseur David A. , Gaedke Ursula 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSpecies can adjust their traits in response to selection which may strongly influence species coexistence. Nevertheless, current theory mainly assumes distinct and time‐invariant trait values. We examined the combined effects of the range and the speed of trait adaptation on species coexistence using an innovative multispecies predator–prey model. It allows for temporal trait changes of all predator and prey species and thus simultaneous coadaptation within and among trophic levels. We show that very small or slow trait adaptation did not facilitate coexistence because the stabilizing niche differences were not sufficient to offset the fitness differences. In contrast, sufficiently large and fast trait adaptation jointly promoted stable or neutrally stable species coexistence. Continuous trait adjustments in response to selection enabled a temporally variable convergence and divergence of species traits; that is, species became temporally more similar (neutral theory) or dissimilar (niche theory) depending on the selection pressure, resulting over time in a balance between niche differences stabilizing coexistence and fitness differences promoting competitive exclusion. Furthermore, coadaptation allowed prey and predator species to cluster into different functional groups. This equalized the fitness of similar species while maintaining sufficient niche differences among functionally different species delaying or preventing competitive exclusion. In contrast to previous studies, the emergent feedback between biomass and trait dynamics enabled supersaturated coexistence for a broad range of potential trait adaptation and parameters. We conclude that accounting for trait adaptation may explain stable and supersaturated species coexistence for a broad range of environmental conditions in natural systems when the absence of such adaptive changes would preclude it. Small trait changes, coincident with those that may occur within many natural populations, greatly enlarged the number of coexisting species.
Wearable Woven Electrochemical Biosensor Patch for Non‐invasive Diagnostics
Authors: Modali Anil , Vanjari Siva Rama Krishna , Dendukuri Dhananjaya 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate a woven electrochemical biosensor patch as a low cost, robust wearable sensor for non‐invasive diagnostics. The critical requirement for wearable sensors is their robustness which necessitates the output signal to be independent of the deformation that the sensor system could potentially undergo. In this work, the performance of woven electrode patch post standard deformations such as bending and twisting were analysed using chronoamperometric detection of lactate, a sweat borne analyte, as a model system. In spite of rigorous deformation, the CV was well within 13 %, indicating the applicability of woven electrode patch as a low cost, robust, wearable, non‐invasive electrochemical biosensor platform.
Molecular and physiological responses to titanium dioxide and cerium oxide nanoparticles in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tumburu Laxminath , Andersen Christian P. , Rygiewicz Paul T. , Reichman Jay R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Changes in tissue transcriptomes and productivity of Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated during exposure of plants to 2 widely used engineered metal oxide nanoparticles, titanium dioxide (nano-titania) and cerium dioxide (nano-ceria). Microarray analyses confirmed that exposure to either nanoparticle altered the transcriptomes of rosette leaves and roots, with comparatively larger numbers of differentially expressed genes found under nano-titania exposure. Nano-titania induced more differentially expressed genes in rosette leaves, whereas roots had more differentially expressed genes under nano-ceria exposure. MapMan analyses indicated that although nano-titania up-regulated overall metabolism in both tissues, metabolic processes under nano-ceria remained mostly unchanged. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that both nanoparticles mainly enriched ontology groups such as responses to stress (abiotic and biotic), and defense responses (pathogens), and responses to endogenous stimuli (hormones). Nano-titania specifically induced genes associated with photosynthesis, whereas nano-ceria induced expression of genes related to activating transcription factors, most notably those belonging to the ethylene responsive element binding protein family. Interestingly, there were also increased numbers of rosette leaves and plant biomass under nano-ceria exposure, but not under nano-titania. Other transcriptomic responses did not clearly relate to responses observed at the organism level, possibly because of functional and genomic redundancy in Arabidopsis, which may mask expression of morphological changes, despite discernable responses at the transcriptome level. In addition, transcriptomic changes often relate to transgenerational phenotypic development, and hence it may be productive to direct further experimental work to integrate high-throughput genomic results with longer term changes in subsequent generations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:71–82. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Using BEEHAVE to explore pesticide protection goals for European honeybee (Apis melifera L.) worker losses at different forage qualities
Authors: Thorbek Pernille , Campbell Peter J. , Sweeney Paul J. , Thompson Helen M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Losses of honeybee colonies are intensely debated and although honeybees suffer multiple stressors, the main focus has been on pesticides. As a result, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) revised the guidance for pesticide risk assessment for honeybees. The European Food Safety Authority reported a protection goal of negligible effect at 7% of colony size and then used the Khoury honeybee colony model to set trigger values for forager losses. However, the Khoury model is very simplistic and simulates colonies in an idealized state. In the present study, the authors demonstrate how a more realistic published honeybee model, BEEHAVE, with a few simple changes, can be used to explore pesticide risks. The results show that forage availability interacts with pesticide-induced worker losses, and colony resilience increases with forage quality. Adding alternative unexposed forage to the landscape also substantially mitigates the effects of pesticide exposure. The results indicate that EFSA's reported protection goal of 7% of colony size and triggers for daily worker losses are overly conservative. The authors conclude that forage availability is critical for colony resilience and that with adequate forage the colonies are resilient to even high levels of worker losses. However, the authors recommend setting protection goals using suboptimal forage conditions to ensure conservatism and for such suboptimal forage, a total of 20% reduction in colony size was safe. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:254–264. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC
The effect of temperature‐humidity similarity on Bowen ratios, dimensionless standard deviations, and mass transfer coefficients over a lake
Authors: Dias Nelson Luís , Vissotto Dornelles 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSimilarity between heat and water vapor turbulent transport in the Atmospheric Surface Layer has been the basis of many engineering models to calculate surface fluxes, including the widely applied Bowen ratio equation, for a long time. Modernly, it is best understood within the context of Monin‐Obkhov Similarity Theory (MOST). In this work we study similarity between temperature and humidity, the Bowen ratio, and turbulent mass and heat transfer coefficients over a tropical lake in Brazil (Furnas Lake). The analysis was partly based on the concept of ‘Surface flux numbers’ recently proposed to diagnose scalar similarity, and considered wind directions and flux footprints. A period of 50 days of 30‐min. micrometeorological runs was used. Several cases of dissimilar temperature‐humidity behavior were found in the data. Both footprint extent and an aggregate temperature‐humidity Surface flux number turned out to be insufficient to diagnose these situations, but separate flux numbers for each scalar were able to diagnose their individual conformity to MOST. Overall, temperature displayed consistently larger relative variances and fluxes in comparison with humidity. The results highlight the need of careful analysis when measurements are made at sites close to land, when flux footprints may extend over there, indicating the possibility of advection effects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bacterial adhesion to suture material in a contaminated wound model: Comparison of monofilament, braided, and barbed sutures
Authors: Dhom Jonas , Bloes Dominik A. , Peschel Andreas , Hofmann Ulf K. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTContaminated suture material plays an important role in the physiopathology of surgical site infections. Recently, suture material has been developed characterized by barbs projecting from a monofilament base. Claimed advantages for barbed sutures are a shortened wound closure time and reduced maximum wound tension. It has also been suggested that these sutures would be advantageous microbiologically. The aim of this study was to test the microbiological characteristics of the barbed Quill in comparison to the monofilament Ethilon II and the braided sutures Vicryl and triclosan‐coated Vicryl Plus. In our study, sutures were cultivated on color‐change agar with Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the halo size was measured. In a second study arm with longer cultivation bacterial growth was followed by antibiotic treatment. Ethilon II and Quill showed good comparable results, whereas large halos were found around Vicryl. Vicryl Plus results depended on triclosan sensitivity. After longer bacterial cultivation and antibiotic treatment, halos were up to 3.6 times smaller on Quill than on Vicryl (p < 0.001), but 1.4 times larger than on Ethilon II (p < 0.001) regarding S. aureus. Confocal microscopy analysis showed bacterial colonization between the braided filaments on Vicryl and beneath the barbs on Quill. From a microbiological perspective, barbed sutures can be recommended in aseptic surgery, but should only be used carefully in septic surgery. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:925–933, 2017.
Changes in the rotational axes of the tibiofemoral joint caused by resection of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Bonny Daniel P. , Howell Stephen M. , Hull Maury L. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTKinematic alignment is a method of aligning implants in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) that strives to restore the native flexion–extension (F–E) and longitudinal rotation (LR) axes of the tibiofemoral joint. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is typically resected at the time of TKA, which might change the position, and orientation of these axes from that of the native knee. Our objective was to determine whether resecting the ACL causes changes in the F–E and LR axes. A custom designed and validated instrumented spatial linkage (ISL) measured the F–E and LR axes in nine cadaveric knees before and after ACL resection. Changes in these axes were computed for knee flexion from 0° to 120°. For the F–E axis, the two statistically significant yet relatively small changes were internal rotation of 0.5° (p = 0.02) and posterior translation of 0.3 mm (p = 0.04). For the LR axis, the statistically significant and relatively large change was medial translation of 2.1 mm (p = 0.01). Changes to the LR axis in both medial‐lateral position and varus‐valgus orientation varied widely; 77% of a population of knees would have a medial–lateral position change greater than 1 mm, and 53% of a population of knees would have a varus–valgus orientation change greater than 1°. Knowledge of changes of the F–E and LR axes caused by resecting the ACL provides an important baseline for determining the changes in these axes caused by kinematic alignment and mechanical alignment of bi‐cruciate retaining, posterior cruciate retaining, and posterior cruciate substituting implants. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:886–893, 2017.
Interaction of light quality and fertility on biomass, shoot pigmentation and xanthophyll cycle flux in Chinese kale
Authors: Kopsell Dean A , Sams Carl E , Morrow Robert C 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDNutritionally important carotenoids in 21‐day‐old brassica microgreens increase following short and long‐term exposure to narrow‐band wavelengths from light‐emitting diodes (LED). The present study aimed to measure the impact of: (1) fluorescent/incandescent light and different percentages of blue/red LED light and (2) different levels of nutrient fertility on biomass and pigment concentrations in 30‐day‐old ‘Green Lance’ Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra). Kale plants were exposed to four light treatments and two fertility levels and were harvested 30 days after seeding and analyzed for nutritionally important shoot pigments.RESULTSKale under the fluorescent/incandescent light treatment had a significantly higher shoot fresh and dry mass. The shoot tissue concentrations of most pigment were significantly higher under blue/red LED light treatments. The higher fertility level resulted in higher concentrations for most pigments. Interestingly, the pool of xanthophyll cycle pigments and de‐epoxidized xanthophylls was higher under all LED treatments.CONCLUSIONThe results obtained in the present study support previous data demonstrating the stimulation of nutritionally important shoot tissue pigment concentrations following exposure to sole source blue/red LEDs compared to traditional lighting. Xanthophyll cycle flux was impacted by LEDs and this may support the role of zeaxanthin in blue light perception in leafy specialty crops. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Variations in the distal branches of the superficial fibular sensory nerve
Authors: Hemmi Shoji , Kurokawa Katsumi , Nagai Taiji , Kushida Ryutaro , Okamoto Toshio , Murakami Tatsufumi , Sunada Yoshihide 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We evaluated anatomic variations of distal branches of the superficial fibular sensory nerve electrophysiologically. Methods: Orthodromic nerve conduction studies (NCS) of the first and third branches (M‐I, M‐III) of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve and the fourth and fifth branches (I‐IV, I‐V) of the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (IDCN) were performed. To find anomalous innervations from the dorsal sural nerve (DSN) in the IDCN territory, NCS of the fourth and fifth branches (S‐IV, S‐V) of the DSN were also performed. Results: All sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) of M‐I and M‐III could be obtained bilaterally from 31 healthy Japanese volunteers. SNAPs of I‐IV and I‐V were recordable in 85.5% and 43.5% of feet, respectively. Anomalous innervations from the DSN were confirmed in 71.0% of S‐IV and 93.5% of S‐V. Conclusion: These results suggest that anatomical variations in the IDCN territory are very frequent in Japanese subjects. Muscle Nerve 55: 74–76, 2017
Hypoglossal nerve palsy: 245 cases
Authors: Stino Amro M. , Smith Benn E. , Temkit Mohamed , Reddy Srivan Nagi 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Apart from a case series of 100 subjects in 1996 and several small cohorts, there have been no large retrospective series of cranial nerve XII (CN XII) palsy. Methods: From 1984 to 2014, 245 cases of CN XII palsy were identified via retrospective chart review using historical and exam findings that confirmed the diagnosis. In addition to clinical characteristics, univariate and multivariate models were investigated to predict neoplastic CN XII palsy. Results: Major etiologic categories included: postoperative (29.3%), idiopathic (15.1%), primary neoplastic (14.2%), metastatic malignancy (13.0%), inflammatory (7.3%), radiation (6.1%), and traumatic (4.1%). A multivariate model revealed male gender and a personal history of cancer as predictive of neoplastic CN XII palsy. Conclusions: The most frequent etiologies and disease categories of CN XII palsy were identified, and male gender and personal history of cancer were found to be predictive of a neoplastic cause of CN XII palsy. Muscle Nerve 54: 1050–1054, 2016
Niacin promotes revascularization and recovery of limb function in diet‐induced obese mice with peripheral ischemia
Authors: Pang Dominic K. T. , Nong Zengxuan , Sutherland Brian G. , Sawyez Cynthia G. , Robson Debra L. , Toma Jelena , Pickering J. Geoffrey , Borradaile Nica M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNiacin can reduce vascular disease risk in individuals with metabolic syndrome, but in light of recent large randomized controlled trials outcomes, its biological actions and clinical utility remain controversial. Niacin can improve endothelial function, vascular inflammation, and vascular regeneration, independent of correcting dyslipidemia, in various lean rodent models of vascular injury. Here, we tested whether niacin could directly improve endothelial cell angiogenic function during combined exposure to excess fatty acids and hypoxia, and whether intervention with niacin during continued feeding of western diet could improve revascularization and functional recovery in obese, hyperlipidemic mice with peripheral ischemia. Treatment with niacin (10 μmol/L) increased human microvascular endothelial cell angiogenic function during exposure to high fatty acids and hypoxia (2% oxygen), as determined by tube formation on Matrigel. To assess revascularization in vivo, we used western diet‐induced obese mice with unilateral hind limb femoral artery ligation and excision. Treatment for 14 days postinjury with once daily i.p. injections of a low dose of niacin (50 mg/kg) improved recovery of hind limb use, in association with enhanced revascularization and decreased inflammation of the tibialis anterior muscle. These effects were concomitant with decreased plasma triglycerides, but not increased plasma apoAI. Thus, niacin improves endothelial tube formation under lipotoxic and hypoxic conditions, and moreover, promotes revascularization and functional hind limb recovery following ischemic injury in diet‐induced obese mice with hyperlipidemia. These data may have implications for niacin therapy in the treatment of peripheral ischemic vascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome.