bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Environmental Stresses on Human Fatigue
Authors: Romansky Michael L. , Plummer Ralph W. , Neumann Edward S. 
Published: December 2015

This Investigation evaluated the relative effects of a moderate or suboptimal level of environmental heat and noise stress on human stress and fatigue by utilizing performance and nonperformance parameters. Twenty-five male undergraduate and graduate students served as subjects for this investigation. Each subject was isolated in a specially constructed environmental chamber located in a laboratory. Heat and noise were designated as the two independent variables used in the study. The effects of both variables on three dependent measures were evaluated during a nonstress condition and a stress condition. Two physiological variables, heart rate and heart rate variability, were used to assess arousal effects of heat and noise stress. In addition, performance data was collected in the form of reaction time to a visual display. Analyses of physiological and performance data revealed the influential effects of the two environmental conditions tested. Heart rate and heart rate variability responses were found to be significantly higher in the moderate stress condition than in the nonstress condition. Furthermore, a statistically significant deterioration in performance was observed in the reaction time task. An increase in reaction time occurred when subjects were exposed to the moderate stress condition.
Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Assessment in Rat Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lu Yangjia , Ren Jie , Cui Shaoyang , Chen Junqi , Huang Yong , Tang Chunzhi , Shan Baoci , Nie Bingbing , Xinsheng Lai 
Published: December 2015

Objective: This study was designed to detect the brain glucose metabolism in rat models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by the application of 18F-2-fluoro-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) and to provide new insights for the early detection of AD. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Fifteen sham-operated rats were used as a control group. The remaining rats as a premodel group were intracerebroventricularly injected with ibotenic acid and were intraperitoneally injected with d-galactose, of which 15 rats were included as the experimental group. The above-mentioned 2 groups were assigned to Y-maze test and underwent 18F-FDG-PET scanning. Positron emission tomography images were processed with SPM 2.0. Results: The learning and memory skills were weakened in AD rats. Besides, the glucose metabolic activity of AD rats decreased in hippolampus, hypothalamus, insular cortex, piriform cortex, striatum, cingulate gyrus, stria terminalis, and parietal lobe and increased in olfactory bulb, cerebellum, midbrain, pontine, and retrosplenial cortex compared with the control group. Dorsal thalamus had shown both enhanced and reduced glucose metabolic activity. Conclusion: Our data indicate that the changed glucose metabolism in cerebral regions in 18F-FDG-PET imaging could be an important predictor for early AD.
Targeting acute myeloid leukemia with a small molecule inhibitor of the Myb/p300 interaction
Authors: Uttarkar Sagar , Dassé Emilie , Coulibaly Anna , Steinmann Simone , Jakobs Anke , Schomburg Caroline , Trentmann Amke , Jose Joachim , Schlenke Peter , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Schmidt Thomas J. , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Frampton Jon , Klempnauer Karl-Heinz 
Published: December 2015

Key PointsInhibition of Myb activity by a small molecule blocks proliferation of AML cells and prolongs survival of mice in an in vivo AML model.
Guineafowl with a twist: asymmetric limb control in steady bipedal locomotion
Authors: Kambic Robert E. , Roberts Thomas J. , Gatesy Stephen M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
In avian bipeds performing steady locomotion, right and left limbs are typically assumed to act out of phase, but with little kinematic disparity. However, outwardly appearing steadiness may harbor previously unrecognized asymmetries. Here, we present marker-based XROMM data showing that guineafowl on a treadmill routinely yaw away from their direction of travel using asymmetrical limb kinematics. Variation is most strongly reflected at the hip joints, where patterns of femoral long-axis rotation closely correlate to degree of yaw divergence. As yaw deviations increase, hip long-axis rotation angles undergo larger excursions and shift from biphasic to monophasic patterns. At large yaw angles, the alternately striding limbs exhibit synchronous external and internal femoral rotations of substantial magnitude. Hip coordination patterns resembling those used during sidestep maneuvers allow birds to asymmetrically modulate their mediolateral limb trajectories and thereby advance using a range of body orientations.
Paradoxical anaerobism in desert pupfish
Authors: Heuton Matt , Ayala Luis , Burg Chris , Dayton Kyle , McKenna Ken , Morante Aldo , Puentedura Georgina , Urbina Natasha , Hillyard Stanley , Steinberg Spencer , van Breukelen Frank 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn order to estimate metabolic demands of desert pupfish for conservation purposes, we measured oxygen consumption in fish acclimated to the ecologically relevant temperatures of 28 or 33°C. For these experiments, we used fish derived from a refuge population of Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis). Measurement of routine oxygen consumption (V̇O2,routine) revealed some 33°C-acclimated fish (10% of 295 assayed fish) periodically exhibited periods of no measurable oxygen consumption despite available ambient oxygen tensions that were above the critical PO2. We call this phenomenon paradoxical anaerobism. The longest observed continuous bout with no oxygen consumption was 149 min, although typical bouts were much shorter. Fish maintained normal posture and ventilation rate (&gt;230 ventilations per minute) during paradoxical anaerobism. Fish rarely demonstrated a compensatory increase in oxygen use following a period of paradoxical anaerobism. In contrast, only one out of 262 sampled fish acclimated at 28°C spontaneously demonstrated paradoxical anaerobism. Muscle lactate concentration was not elevated during periods of paradoxical anaerobism. However, the amount of ethanol released by the 33°C-acclimated fish was 7.3 times greater than that released by the 28°C acclimation group, suggesting ethanol may be used as an alternative end product of anaerobic metabolism. Exposure to exogenous ethanol, in concentrations as low as 0.1%, produced periods of paradoxical anaerobism even in 28°C-acclimated fish.
Structural Design of Coordination Polymers Based on Manganese and Chromium Ions Bridged by Oxalate Ligands
Authors: Yoshitake Masashi , Kubo Kazuya , Endo Toru , Noro Shin-ichiro , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Nakamura Takayoshi 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Coordination polymers based on oxalate-bridged {[MnIICrIII(oxalate)3]−}∞ complexes of (DAT-2H2+)(DCH[18]crown-6)2[MnII(CH3OH)CrIII(oxalate)3]−2(CH3OH)3 and (DABCO-H+)2(DABCO-2H2+)[MnII(CH3OH)(Cl−)CrIII(oxalate)3]2−2(CH3OH), where DAT, DABCO, and DCH[18]crown-6 denote 2,5-diaminotoluene, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and cis-syn-cis-dicyclohexano[18]crown-6, respectively, were synthesized. The crystal structure of the former complex was composed of [MnII(Λ)(CH3OH)CrIII(Λ)(oxalate)3]− units, whereas that of the latter crystal was composed of [MnII(Λ)(CH3OH)(Cl−)CrIII(Δ)(oxalate)3]2− units. The large flexible supramolecular cation in the former provided the two-dimensional structure of [MnII(Λ)(CH3OH)CrIII(Λ)(oxalate)3]−, although the two-dimensional honeycomb structure of the {[MnII(Δ)CrIII(Λ)(oxalate)3]−}∞ and {[MnII(Λ)CrIII(Δ)(oxalate)3]−}∞ networks are often observed for the oxalate complexes. The round-shaped DABCO molecule in the latter induced a one-dimensional chain structure of [MnII(Λ)(CH3OH)CrIII(Δ)(oxalate)3]−. The former crystal showed a magnetic field dependence of magnetization typical for a spin-canting system.
Dictionaries and Methods of Using Dictionaries at the Russian Language Lessons in a Primary School
Authors: Гуркова  , Gurkova Irina 
Published: December 2015

The paper provides evidence, that it is necessary to use different types of dictionaries, such as spelling dictionaries, pronouncing dictionaries
and defining dictionaries, when teaching the Russian language to the primary school children. Specific features of each type of dictionaries
are described. Further, the main methodical approaches to using dictionaries are outlined. Also provided are various kinds of assignments and
exercises, which take into consideration age and psychological peculiarities of primary school children. The author places special emphasis on
the role of pronouncing and defining dictionaries.
Assessing the O2 budget under sea ice: An experimental and modelling approach
Authors: Moreau S. , Kaartokallio H. , Vancoppenolle M. , Zhou J. , Kotovitch M. , Dieckmann G. S. , Thomas D.N. , Tison J.-L. , Delille B. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the O2 budget in the water under sea ice combining observations and modelling. Modelling was used to discriminate between physical processes, gas-specific transport (i.e., ice-atmosphere gas fluxes and gas bubble buoyancy) and bacterial respiration (BR) and to constrain bacterial growth efficiency (BGE). A module describing the changes of the under-ice water properties, due to brine rejection and temperature-dependent BR, was implemented in the one-dimensional halo-thermodynamic sea ice model LIM1D. Our results show that BR was the dominant biogeochemical driver of O2 concentration in the water under ice (in a system without primary producers), followed by gas specific transport. The model suggests that the actual contribution of BR and gas specific transport to the change in seawater O2 concentration was 37% during ice growth and 48% during melt. BGE in the water under sea ice, as retrieved from the simulated O2 budget, was found to be between 0.4 and 0.5, which is in line with published BGE values for cold marine waters. Given the importance of BR to seawater O2 in the present study, it can be assumed that bacteria contribute substantially to organic matter consumption and gas fluxes in ice-covered polar oceans. In addition, we propose a parameterization of polar marine bacterial respiration, based on the strong temperature dependence of bacterial respiration and the high growth efficiency observed here, for further biogeochemical ocean modelling applications, such as regional or large-scale Earth System models.
Pluriactivity, the Dutch disease and sustainable agriculture in Algeria
Authors: Bouchakour Radhia , Bedrani Slimane 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Agriculture and rurality have come under severe pressure in the last few decades. The loss of agricultural land and, hence, farming, through urban expansion has been pervasive. As a consequence, farmers tend to engage in pluriactivity to supplement their low farm income. This study explores the pervasiveness and underlying motivation behind pluriactivity by Algerian farmers. Algeria is a particularly interesting case where agriculture has been hit by severe and unique challenges. In particular, Algerian farmers spent more than a decade under the threat of terrorism, followed by a decade and a half of Dutch disease effects. The analysis of a survey data shows that pluriactivity has offered the Algerian farmer the required adaptation capability to survive these two challenges which, ultimately, would sustain agriculture in Algeria.
Wolaita Memories of Gärmame Nəway Governorship (1958–1959): Radical Reforms and Political Consciousness
Authors: Guidi Pierre 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Wolaita is a peripheral region in southwestern Ethiopia that came under Ethiopian state control in 1894. The central government implemented a policy of violent political control, harsh economic extraction, and cultural marginalization over the vanquished population. During a very short stay as governor between 1958 and 1959, Gärmame Nəway—the famous leader of the attempted coup d'état against Haylä Səllase in 1960—implemented a set of legal, social, and educational reforms very popular among the Wolaita: elections of village representatives and judges, distribution of land to poor peasants, and hundreds of literacy centers up to the most remote areas. Accused of agitating the public, he was transferred by the emperor. His work was dismantled after his departure, but this experience remained in the collective memory. Today, some 50 years later, Gärmame Nəway is highly regarded by Wolaita farmers and intellectuals. Using a story fashioned as a folktale reported today in Wolaita where Gärmame Nəway set up a stratagem to uncover the wrongdoings of local chiefs and judges, this article aims to investigate Wolaita memory of his governorship. To what extent has this experience echoed with the social and political consciousness of the dominated Wolaita? What meaning do they give to it related to their own history and identity? How did it contribute to influence later political struggles?
Are “Griefs of More Value than Triumphs”? Power Relations, Nation-Building, and the Different Histories of Women's Wartime Contributions in Postwar South Sudan
Authors: Pinaud Clémence 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this article, the author examines the roles of women during the second civil war of South Sudan (1983–2005) and how their contribution to the liberation struggle led by the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) is advertised by the new state in the postwar era. Pinaud analyzes the reasons behind the promotion of the women's battalion's history in the postwar era by the state, in contrast with its disregard for camp followers. Highlighting the different categories and socioethnic origins of female actors in the war, she subscribes to the idea developed by other authors that advertised myths and official state history are the products of an ideological selection operated by the group dominating the state. This article illustrates how, by silencing the history of the camp followers (particularly in the Equatorian region), the state effectively censors the wartime experiences of an entire segment of the population. The state fails to engage a negotiation of beliefs, which is formative of a collective memory that shapes a group's sense of shared experience and identity. The article thus brings new material to reflect on the social and political dynamics behind the formation of state history, collective memory and nationhood in South Sudan, a relatively new stream of research.
“Operation Sunshine”: The Rhetoric of a Cold War Technological Spectacle
Authors: Griffin Charles J. G. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This essay examines the role of the USS Nautilus (SSN 571), the world's first atomic powered submarine, as an agency for advancing the Cold War objectives of the Eisenhower White House in the aftermath of the Soviet Union's successful launches of Sputniks 1 and 2 and the early failures of the U.S. Vanguard program in late 1957 and early 1958. Specifically, it examines the campaign to exploit Nautilus for domestic propaganda purposes, which culminated in “Operation Sunshine,” the first submerged transit from the Pacific to the Atlantic oceans via the North Pole. The essay argues that architects of the technological spectacle faced the necessity of reconciling the material and symbolic aspects of the mission, and identifies three areas where this may have been necessary. In addition to illuminating the role of the Eisenhower White House in a significant, but largely forgotten episode in the Cold War, the essay illustrates the interplay of material and symbolic elements in Operation Sunshine and identifies some constraints that may be inherent in such technological spectacles.
Review of Livingston, Michael and John K. Bollard, eds. Owain Glyndwˆr: A Casebook. Exeter Medieval Texts and Studies. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2013.
Authors: Brady Lindy 
Published: December 2015

Review of Livingston, Michael and John K. Bollard, eds. Owain Glyndwˆr: A Casebook. Exeter Medieval Texts and Studies. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2013.
Analysis of a Feder
Authors: Rádi Ferenc 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper covers an analysis in the cross section of sword fencing and the field of analytical mechanics and computer analysis. It aims to get answer to following questions in case of a normal blow with a feder on another feder: where are critical cross section/sections, where is the biggest stress, might the feder maybe break or not?
To inspect this question a model for the feder was created in a reliable, realistic, simple and closed form. Modeling a single blow acceleration and speed state at the chosen time will be calculated. Based on this input data equations and conclusions from the analytical mechanics were applied, where D’Alamberts principle is used. Results will be validated by finite element computer aided modeling and also applied on specified real life cases.
Interaction in Assessment-Oriented Role Play: A Conversation Analytic Approach
Authors: Hu Jian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTo date, only a handful of studies have investigated the interlocutor effects on peer-peer test discourse, and they focus almost exclusively on the paired format in the Cambridge speaking tests, which is mostly a discussion type collaborative task. In the oral English test administered by a Chinese university under the present study, role-play is a major test type. This study chose for analysis three out of over 100 video recordings of test takers participating in roleplay- based interaction. The author adopted conversation analysis (CA) and Young’s (2000) constructivist, practice-oriented view of interaction and competence to assist the interpretation of speech exchange throughout the interaction. It is evident from the data that learners make use of various interactional resources and employ different strategies in the assessmentbased role play. It could be tentatively concluded from the conversation analysis of the paired interaction that the interaction framework together with the participants’ strategic competence in negotiating their own interactional resources, to a great extent, determines their joint performance of the collaborative task. The configuration of pairing in terms of proficiency is found to have an impact on joint interaction performance and strategic use. The implications of the current study include: interactional competence could be more readily accessed via role play than discussion type of pair work; qualitative conversation analysis of test takers’ actual practices can reveal what quantitative methods are unable to detect, and therefore is an indispensable complement.
Charts of the ‘Innocent’ Subjects in the Searching Peak of Tension Tests
Authors: Jaworski Ryszard 
Published: December 2015

Summary
The assessment of physiological parameters of the innocent subjects in the SPOT in the presented cases has its limits, while a comparison of these parameters with the charts of the perpetrators causes doubts as to the methodological soundness (lack of a sufficient number of cases). There are as many as four reasons hindering the assessment.
First of all, the number of presented charts of the innocent subjects is small; they are practically isolated cases and with tests featuring mainly names (given names, pseudonyms).
Secondly, I did not repeat the SPOT if it did not cause any reaction and at the same time the preliminary assessment of the CQT charts was positive for the subjects. Th is makes it impossible to compare physiological parameters of the subject in at least two SPOT charts in order to assess the evolution of the emotional activation. The parameters recorded during a SPOT were compared with the fi rst CQT chart, but this article does not present them.
Another problem results from the fact that the category of the ‘innocent’ includes the charts of two subjects (the witness of the behaviour of the possible perpetrator after the murder and the instigator of a murder). I included them in the groups of the ‘innocent’ only because the version before the examination assumed that they were the murderers, while their reactions to the control questions in the CQT were greater than those to the fundamental relevant question (‘Did you do it?’). As I mentioned above, physiological parameters of the two men in the consecutive CQT charts hinted at intensifi cation of emotions and the subjects themselves also displayed external manifestations of emotions. In principle, their charts should be presented in the group of ‘the perpetrators’. Although the manifestations of emotions were distinct, their assessment was subjective – and it cannot be verifi ed. Both subjects interfered with the examination: one refused to have his blood pressure and pulse recorded and the other interrupted the examination. This behaviour is typical for ‘the perpetrators’. Both subjects were involved in the cases, but not in the way the investigators had originally assumed. Let me add here that this is my opinion and it has not been backed by legal decisions.
Physiological parameters of the innocent subjects presented in the SPOT charts can only be assessed visually, because the Lafayette polygraphs which I used did not record them digitally. A visual assessment is not precise and to great extent subjective. Only one parameter – the pulse rate – lends itself to digital assessment, but with the reservations mentioned above.
Values and Values Education in Estonian Preschool Child Care Institutions
Authors: Ülavere Pärje , Veisson Marika 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The objective of the study was to provide an outline of the values that principals, teachers and parents of preschool child care institutions consider important to be taught to children, and which activities, in their estimation, should be used to implement values education in child care institutions. A total of 978 respondents from all 15 Estonian counties returned the quantitative questionnaire, including 163 principals, 425 teachers, and 390 parents of preschool child care institutions. The statistical data analysis was applied to process the quantitative data obtained. The values that are more important to be taught to children, according to principals, include sense of humour as well as pride and inventiveness, whereas teachers value patience as a significantly more important value to be taught. Compared to principals, parents consider confidence and commitment more important, while, compared to teachers, parents consider it more important that kindergartens teach the importance of a good education. Values education in child care institutions takes place primarily in adherence to the relevant group’s rules in the course of everyday communication and activities. Personal role models are considered to be very important in values education.
On the Irrelevance of Neuroscience to Moral Theory
Authors: Harel Alon 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This is a critical comment on an Article by Joshua Greene in which he uses brain studies and contemporary psychological findings in order to settle the dispute between consequentialist and deontological theories. I first summarize Greene’s main claims and later raise several objections to them. In contrast to Greene, I argue that consequentialist theories are bound to use first order intuitions and their soundness depends on the degree to which they yield practical guidelines that are intuitively plausible. Further, I differ with Greene and contend that deontological theories are not merely rationalizations of first order intuitions; in fact, their findings often conflict with such intuitions. Last, I argue that the mere fact that deontological judgments are emotional or, more accurately, are processed in those parts of the brain that are responsible for emotions, does not affect their soundness.