bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What, how and when should I prototype? An empirical study of design team prototyping practices at the IDEA challenge hackathon
Authors: Ege Daniel Nygaard , Goudswaard Mark , Gopsill James , Steinert Martin , Hicks Ben 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To improve understanding of prototyping practice at the fuzzy front end of the design process, this article presents an analysis of a prototyping dataset captured during the IDEA challenge – a 4-day virtually hosted hackathon – using Pro2booth, a web-based prototype capture tool. The dataset comprised 203 prototypes created by four independent teams working in university labs across Europe supported by interviews carried out with each of the teams after the event. The results of the study provide nine key findings about prototyping at hackathons. These include elucidation of the purposes of prototypes in physical, digital and sketch domains and characterisation of teams’ prototyping practices and strategies. The most successful strategy focused on learning about the problem or solution space, often via physical prototypes rather than following more prescriptive ‘theoretical’ methodologies. Recommendations on prototyping strategies in hackathons or similar scenarios are provided, highlighting the importance of practical strategies that prioritise learning and adaptation. The results of this study raise the broader question to the wider research community of how design research and teaching should balance high-level strategic approaches with more hands-on ‘operational’ prototyping.
Anonymisation, Pseudonymisation and Secure Processing Environments Relating to the Secondary Use of Electronic Health Data in the European Health Data Space (EHDS)
Authors: Rak Richard 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBy establishing a common data governance mechanism across the EU, the Regulation on the European Health Data Space (EHDS) aims to enhance the reuse of electronic health data for secondary use (e.g. public health, policy-making, scientific research) purposes and realise associated benefits. However, the EHDS requires health data holders to make available vast amount of personal and non-personal electronic health data, including electronic health data subject to intellectual property (IP) rights, for secondary use, which may pose risks for stakeholders (patients, healthcare providers and manufacturers alike). This paper highlights some conceptual legal problems which need to be addressed in order to provide clearer regulatory requirements to ensure effective and consistent implementation of key data minimisation measures (anonymisation or pseudonymisation) and data management safeguards (secure processing environments). The paper concludes that the EHDS has been drafted ambiguously (for example, its definition of “electronic health data” or the list of “minimum categories of electronic data for secondary use”), which could lead to inconsistent data management practices and may impair the rights and legitimate interests of data subjects and rights holders. To address legal uncertainties, prevent fragmentation and mitigate/eliminate risks, the EHDS requires closely coordinated implementation and legislative fine-tuning.
Learning and semiautomatic intention labeling for classification models: a COVID-19 dialog attendance study for chatbots
Authors: dos Santos Júnior Valmir Oliveira , de Oliveira Marcos Antonio , Cruz Lívia Almada , Coelho da Silva Ticiana L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt is increasingly common to use chatbots as an interface to services. One of the main components of a chatbot is the Natural Language Understanding (NLU) model, which is responsible for interpreting the text and extracting the intent and entities present in that text. It’s possible to focus only on one of these tasks of NLU, such as intent classification. To train an NLU intent classification model, it’s generally necessary to use a considerable amount of annotated data, where each sentence of the dataset receives a label indicating an intent. Performing manually labeling data is arduous and impracticable, depending on the data volume. Thus, an unsupervised machine learning technique, such as data clustering, could be applied to find and label patterns in the data. For this task, it is essential to have an effective vector embedding representation of texts that depicts the semantic information and helps the machine understand the context, intent, and other nuances of the entire text. This paper extensively evaluates different text embedding models for clustering and labeling. We also apply some operations to improve the dataset’s quality, such as removing sentences and establishing various strategies for distance thresholds (cosine similarity) for the clusters’ centroids. Then, we trained some intent classification Models with two different architectures, one built with the Rasa framework and the other with a neural network (NN) using the attendance text from the Coronavirus Platform Service of Ceará, Brazil. We also manually annotated a dataset to be used as validation data. We conducted a study on semiautomatic labeling, implemented through clustering and visual inspection, which introduced some labeling errors to the intent classification models. However, it would be unfeasible to annotate the entire dataset manually. Nevertheless, results of competitive accuracy were still achieved with the trained models.
Discrimination Against Puerto Ricans in the Puerto Rican Housing Market: Evidence From a Preregistered Audit Experiment
Authors: Castro Irizarry Giovanni 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDo locals discriminate against themselves by favoring foreigners with higher expected purchasing power? Drawing on theories of prejudice, discrimination, and colonialism, I argue that in colonized and post-colonial countries, local home sellers discriminate against local potential homebuyers while favoring foreigners with expected higher purchasing power, anticipating a more profitable transaction. I support this argument with evidence from a preregistered online audit study targeting discriminatory attitudes toward local home buyers. In the study, fictitious home buyers with distinctive language and ethnic names emailed 1,512 home sellers (realtors and homeowners) across all municipalities in Puerto Rico. Home sellers reported more houses available to Americans and invited them to more house showings than Puerto Ricans. My estimates indicate that ethnic discrimination exists in the Puerto Rican housing market. These findings provide new insights into ethnic dynamics in colonized and post-colonial societies and underscore concerns about recent legislation that turned Puerto Rico into a tax haven.
Combined association between dietary antioxidant quality score and leisure-time physical activity on sleep pattern in cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys database
Authors: Yu Rong , Lin Xiaonv , Peng Fanyu , Liu Chunli , Ning Yun , Wu Suya , Shen Siwen , Zhang Liuliu , He Xia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to explore the combined association between the dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS) and leisure-time physical activity on sleep patterns in cancer survivors. Data of cancer survivors were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys database in 2007–2014 in this cross-sectional study. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate OR and 95 % CI for the association of DAQS and leisure-time physical activity on sleep patterns. The combined association was also assessed in subgroups of participants based on age and use of painkillers and antidepressants. Among the eligible participants, 1133 had unhealthy sleep patterns. After adjusting for covariates, compared with low DAQS level combined with leisure-time physical activity level < 600 MET·min/week, high DAQS level combined with leisure-time physical activity ≥ 600 MET·min/week was associated with lower odds of unhealthy sleep patterns (OR = 0·41, 95 % CI: 0·23, 0·72). Additionally, the association of high DAQS level combined with high leisure-time physical activity with low odds of unhealthy sleep patterns was also significant in < 65 years old (OR = 0·30, 95 % CI: 0·13, 0·70), non-painkiller (OR = 0·39, 95 % CI: 0·22, 0·71), non-antidepressant (OR = 0·49, 95 % CI: 0·26, 0·91) and antidepressant (OR = 0·11, 95 % CI: 0·02, 0·50) subgroups. DAQS and leisure-time physical activity had a combined association on sleep patterns in cancer survivors. However, the causal associations of dietary nutrient intake and physical activity with sleep patterns in cancer survivors need further clarification.
Jewish-Muslim Friendship Networks: A Study of Intergenerational Boundary Work in Postwar Germany
Authors: Emmerich Arndt 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article presents a little-known story of Jewish-Muslim coexistence in Germany after World War Two. Using an ethnographic case study of Frankfurt am Main’s train-station district (Bahnhofsviertel), the analysis investigates long-term and partially forgotten Jewish-Muslim narratives, relations, and neighborhood encounters, paying particular attention to the changing political, spatial, and temporal dimensions that have blurred or closed symbolic boundaries between Jews and Muslims since the late 1960s. Bringing together the scholarship on symbolic boundaries and urban diversity, the theoretical discussion contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the variegated processes of Jewish-Muslim boundary-making and un-making over time, as well as the macro- and micro-level influences which shape these negotiations and outcomes. Studying Jewish-Muslim relations at the neighborhood level by adopting a boundary-related approach brings out more clearly the tensions over groupism and fluidity in theoretical debates and removes the current exceptionalism around Jewish-Muslim themes, making them more easily compared with other boundary processes within everyday life.
Assessment of farmers' knowledge, attitudes and control practices (KAP) to mitigate acaricide resistance and tick-borne diseases
Authors: Jamra Sunita , Shakya Mukesh , Jayraw Anant K. , Agrawal Vivek , Singh Mamta , Sharma Anil Kumar , Bhangale Gajendra N. , Jatav Gaya P. , Jamra Nirmala 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA knowledge, attitudes and control practices (KAP)-based study on ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBD) and resistance development in ticks was conducted in Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh covering 200 livestock owners using a questionnaire. Based on our scoring criteria, results indicated only 25% (19.16–31.60) respondents possessing basic knowledge of TTBDs while 75% (68.40–80.84) respondents were not aware of TBDs. Due to lack of proper awareness of TTBDs, about 1.28 times more respondents (OR 95% CI 0.42–3.86) were having heavy tick infestations in their animals. However, about 36.5% (29.82–43.58) respondents showed a favourable attitude towards the adoption of different tick control practices; consequently, their animals showed low-level infestation. Amongst various feeding systems for animals, a mixed type of feeding system was mostly adopted by 57.5% respondents followed by manger system (37.5%) while grazing was the least adopted method (5%). Results indicated that the grazing animals were 6 times (OR 95% CI 2.93–12.28) more susceptible to ticks and possessed heavy tick infestation. Resistance status of collected tick isolates of Rhipicephalus microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum was assessed and revealed that both tick species were found resistant to deltamethrin. The goals of this study were to assess some of the underlying causes of ticks and TBD in livestock in Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh state using the KAP survey and resistance characterization of ticks.
Twice-occurring terms in Herodotus: random distribution, habit of presentation and deliberate pairings
Authors: Dillery John 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRepetition is a critical issue in interpreting the work of Herodotus. Detlev Fehling, for one, has pointed to recurrence of motif and scene as evidence of the historian’s ‘free invention’. Words that occur twice in Herodotus are an efficient way to consider pressing issues at the centre of how and why Herodotus put together his narrative in the way he has. Pairs where the uses are close together in stories with a lot in common suggest that we may be seeing Herodotus’ ‘habit of presentation’, especially when phrasal repetition is also found. Where pairs are found further apart, the issue of deliberate linkage between discrete episodes may be indicated through the strategic redeployment of a key term. Finally, with Xerxes’ invasion, recurring terms help us to see how Herodotus could operate over large portions of text, deliberately linking one episode to another through the deployment of twice-occurring words, thereby also connecting the whole account of the campaign to the largest project of the History.
The Athenian Empire and epigraphic cultures
Authors: Lazar Leah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article revisits the question of how the epigraphic culture of the fifth-century BC Athenian Empire impacted on the epigraphic cultures of other communities. Through consideration of the late fifth-century epigraphic cultures of Thasos and Rhodes, it argues that allied communities interacted with the epigraphic manifestations of Athenian authority in different ways, producing diverse epigraphic responses. Further, it argues that the first traces of the shift from the heterogeneity of archaic epigraphic cultures to the epigraphic convergence of the late classical world can be found in the tension between local and Athenian influences in late fifth-century public inscription beyond Athens.
Integrated orbit determination and time synchronization using inter-satellite observations for BDS-3 satellites with satellite clock drifts estimated simultaneously
Authors: Ruan Rengui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
By simultaneously estimating satellite clock drifts (SCDs) as either constant parameters or piece-wise parameters, we present an improved integrated orbit determination and time synchronization approach for BDS-3 satellites with raw inter-satellite link (ISL) observations. Experiments with L-band data from seven monitoring stations in China and ISL data from eight satellites of the third-generation Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) were carried out and the two SCD estimation strategies are validated. It is demonstrated that, with SCDs estimated, the quality of orbits and clock offsets is comparable to those with SCDs corrected using predicted values. The accuracy of the estimated orbits and clocks are up to 0.019 m (radial) and 0.095 ns, respectively, with improvements of 95% and 90%, when compared with the results using the L-band data alone. It is also demonstrated that estimating SCDs time slice by time slice is slightly worse in accuracy but superior in coping with possible frequency jump of satellite clocks.
The Problem of the University
Authors: Yeomans S. Walter 
Published: October 2024

Love of learning, or learning itself? Culture, or the acquisition of specialized knowledge? This is the great problem which faces every university in the modern age. Some, indeed, claim to have solved it to their own satisfaction. Others are still grappling with it.The problem has been created by the passage of time and the opening up of fresh fields of thought and knowledge. Applying equally to both the old and the new worlds, it is of universal importance, inasmuch that on the solution of it depends the future, not merely of our educational systems, but of our civilization itself.The university was essentially an invention of the Middle Ages, existing for one definite purpose. First and foremost it was a cultural institution; the acquisition of mere knowledge, as such, was of secondary and almost negligible importance.
The origin and contested meaning of freedom in the human right to science
Authors: Kinzelbach Katrin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article traces how the ‘freedom indispensable for scientific research’ was introduced into the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). The review of the drafting history covers ICESCR Article 15.3 and that of its precursor, Article 27 in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). It pays particular attention to arguments presented during negotiations over the UDHR (adopted in 1948), as well as over the ICESCR (adopted in 1966), and it reflects on observable norm entrepreneurship. Following the end of the Cold War, details on the right to science and the status of higher education personnel were further elaborated in soft law, notably in the form of two General Comments and two UNESCO Recommendations. These specifications and the earlier traveaux préparatoires reveal a multifaceted and rich debate about science, development, dignity and freedom at the United Nations, including positions that span variations of a liberal science script as well as persistent illiberal contestations.
A Simple and Robust CryoSat‐2 Radar Freeboard Correction Method Dedicated to TFMRA50 for the Arctic Winter Snow Depth and Sea Ice Thickness Retrieval
Authors: Shi Hoyeon , Tonboe Rasmus , Lee Sang‐Moo , Dybkjær Gorm , Sohn Byung‐Ju , Singha Suman , Baordo Fabrizio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCryoSat‐2 has been successful in observing sea ice thickness from space by providing ice freeboard information. The initial estimate of the ice freeboard, called radar freeboard, is obtained by analyzing the observed waveform using a retracker. A series of corrections are needed to convert the radar freeboard to the ice freeboard. Those are the physical effects (e.g., changes in wave propagation speed and the distribution of scattering at snow and ice surfaces, etc.) and the bias of the retracker; however, traditionally, only the wave speed correction has been applied due to lack of enough information to perform the complete correction. Here, an alternative correction method for the CryoSat‐2 radar freeboard derived using the Threshold First‐Maximum Retracker Algorithm with a 50% threshold (TFMRA50) is proposed. Snow depth was used as a predictor for the correction, similar to the traditional wave speed correction, but the coefficients were empirically determined by performing a direct comparison of the radar freeboard from CryoSat‐2 and the ice freeboard from airborne observations. Consequently, this new empirical correction treats the physical effects and the retracker bias as a whole, which have been difficult to separate in the retrieval process. In this paper, we demonstrate that the retrieval accuracy of snow and ice variables and the consistency of the two independent retrieval methods are improved when the new correction is applied. The result of this study emphasizes the importance of compatibility between the retracker and the freeboard correction method.
Intercropping Legumes Improves Long Term Productivity and Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Fuchs Kathrin , Kraus David , Houska Tobias , Kermah Michael , Haas Edwin , Kiese Ralf , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus , Scheer Clemens 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFood, feed, and fiber production needs to increase to support demands of the growing population in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), while soil fertility continues to decline. Intercropping, the cultivation of two or more crop species on the same field, can provide yield benefits and is suggested to positively affect soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks. This study uses the biogeochemical model system LandscapeDNDC with the objective to (a) represent maize‐legume intercropping systems in different bioregions in SSA by simultaneously simulating both crops and their interactions and (b) assess long‐term (20 years) impacts of intercropping under varying mineral fertilizer inputs (0–150 kg N ha−1 yr−1) on productivity as well as soil organic C and N stocks. We test LandscapeDNDC on 82 field data sets (site‐year‐treatment combinations) from 18 sites to represent yields and soil C/N dynamics of maize‐legume intercropping systems. Using the model for long‐term scenario simulations showed that intercropping allows to sustain productivity and to improve or maintain SOC stock in low or zero fertilizer systems if all residues are returned to the soil. In contrast, for sole‐cropped maize systems, a decline in SOC stocks was simulated unless a minimum of 35 kg N ha−1 yr−1 of fertilizer was applied at full residue return. We conclude that intercropping using legumes alongside sufficient residue return allows for stabilizing long‐term yields while avoiding SOC losses even with low fertilizer N inputs. Overall, our study confirms the potential of intercropping as a sustainable agricultural practice that could significantly contribute to food security in SSA.
Spatial and Seasonal Controls on Eddy Subduction in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Chen Michael L. , Schofield Oscar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarbon export driven by submesoscale, eddy‐associated vertical velocities (“eddy subduction”), and particularly its seasonality, remains understudied, leaving a gap in our understanding of ocean carbon sequestration. Here, we assess mechanisms controlling eddy subduction's spatial and seasonal patterns using 15 years of observations from BGC‐Argo floats in the Southern Ocean. We identify signatures of eddy subduction as subsurface anomalies in temperature‐salinity and oxygen. The anomalies are spatially concentrated near weakly stratified areas and regions with strong lateral buoyancy gradients diagnosed from satellite altimetry, particularly in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current's standing meanders. We use bio‐optical ratios, specifically the chlorophyll a to particulate backscatter ratio (Chl/bbp) to find that eddy subduction is most active in the spring and early summer, with freshly exported material associated with seasonally weak vertical stratification and increasing surface biomass. Climate change is increasing ocean stratification globally, which may weaken eddy subduction's carbon export potential.
Particle Concentrations and Sizes for the Onset of Settling‐Driven Gravitational Instabilities: Experimental Validation and Application to Volcanic Ash Clouds
Authors: Fries Allan , Lemus Jonathan , Jarvis Paul A. , Clarke Amanda B. , Phillips Jeremy C. , Manzella Irene , Bonadonna Costanza 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSettling‐driven gravitational instabilities (SDGIs) can form at the base of buoyant particle‐laden suspensions, modulating particle sedimentation in various settings such as meteorological and volcanic clouds, fluvial plumes, magma chambers, submarine hydrothermal plumes, or industrial emissions. These instabilities result in the formation of rapidly descending currents called ‘fingers’ within which fine particles settle faster collectively than individually. This study investigates SDGI triggering conditions underneath volcanic ash clouds through analogue experiments considering sedimentation from aqueous particle suspensions. We confirm that the conditions for which SDGIs develop are controlled by two dimensionless numbers: Bf (ratio of the characteristic finger velocity to the individual particle settling velocity); and Bi (ratio of timescale for individual particle settling to that for collective settling controlled by inertial drag). SDGIs are triggered for values of Bf and Bi > 1 for which particles are fully coupled with the flow within fingers. Using these parameters, we produce a regime diagram for the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) that describes particle settling as a function of particle concentration and size. More studies are needed to produce a general regime diagram accounting for the evolution of SDGIs properties with eruption and atmospheric parameters. Nonetheless, our study confirms that fingers affect sedimentation from volcanic clouds with high ash volume fractions above 10−6 vol.%. Our validation of criteria predicting the onset of fingers due to SDGIs constitutes a step forward toward the incorporation of these collective settling processes in volcanic ash transport and dispersion models.