bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae, 1995
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Burgess E. E. , Southards C. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were evaluated in a 3-yr stand of alfalfa at the Highland Rim Experiment Station, Springfield, TN. Plots were 20 ft X 20 ft replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Blocks were separated by 15 ft alleys. Soil type was Minvale silt loam. Eleven insecticide treatments were applied on 29 Mar when 60% of the tips were damaged and alfalfa weevil larvae (AWL) averaged 1.0 larvae/sweep. Chemicals were applied using a tractor mounted CO2-powered 10 ft boom sprayer at the rate of 30 gpa. AWL samples were collected on 3, 9, 17, 24 May using a 15 inch insect net, and consisted of 5 pendulum sweeps from each plot. A 34 in X 20 ft strip was harvested from the middle of each plot on 30 May to determine green weight yields. Moisture content of alfalfa was 70.58%.
Comparison of Cspw Damage on Gaucho Treated Canola
Authors: Bragg D. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Gaucho 75 ST at a rate of 12 oz Al/cwt was applied as seed treatment. Canola was seeded with a small plot drill on 30 May at 6 lb/acre, with the Gaucho treatment and an untreated check in a RCBD 4 replicated plot consisting of 6 X 20 ft replicates. At 80% dark seed, the Canola was swathed to dry. Counts of CSPW exit holes per 100 pods were made per replicate. Samples of m2 size per replicate were threshed in a stationary thresher to obtain yield data.
Evaluation of Regent Insecticide for Early Season Insect Control in Corn, 1996
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Sloderbeck P. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was designed to test Regent applied at planting and at the whorl stage for the control of WCR and com borer larvae. Plots were planted at 30,600 seed/acre on 9 May in a furrow-irrigated field at the Southwest Research-Extension Center, in Finney County, KS. The field was pre-watered on 9 Apr, but the seed-bed dried out and the field was watered again on 24 May to complete emergence. The soil type was a Richfield silt loam with a pH of 7.5 and an organic matter content of 1.5%. Plots were 2 rows (5 ft) by 50 ft long, arranged in a RCB design, and replicated four times. Plots wre separated by 10 ft alleyways at the end of each plot and with 4 rows of border com between plots. Planting time granular treatments were applied as a 7-inch band over the open seed-furrow (T-band) or into the open seed-furrow (in-furrow) with planter-mounted John Deere granular applicators. The liquid applications at planting were made with a CO2 backpack sprayer mounted on the planter with nozzles directed into each furrow delivering 1.5 gpa. Rootworm damage was evaluated on 4 plants from each plot on 9 Jul using the 6 point Iowa scale. Plant stunting was also visually rated as percent reduction in biomass relative to the best WCR treatment (Counter). The banded treatment on 8-inch com was made 13 Jun with a hand sprayer. Whorl stage applications were made on 11 Jul using a high clearance sprayer with three nozzles directed at each row and calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 2 mph and 40 psi. A total of 6.5 inches of rain was recorded between planting and taking the root ratings and another 1.3 inches of rain was recorded between 9 Jul and 19 Jul when the corn borer ratings were taken. To assure first generation com borer pressure, 5 ECB egg masses were pinned to every 3rd plant in a 15-plant marked section in each plot on 25 Jun. These plants were evaluated for com borer injury on 19 Jul using the Guthry scale and by dissecting plants to determine the number of com borers and the amount of tunneling. Second generation damage was evaluated on 30 Sep by dissecting 15 plants in each plot. Yields were taken by mechanically harvesting each plot and taking row measurements to correct for gaps created by the destructive sampling.
Comparison of Semiochemical Insecticide-Bait Formulations for Management of Western and Northern Corn Rootworm Adults, 1995
Authors: Chandler L. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two formulations (manufacturing processes) of semiochemical insecticide-bait (SLAM) were evaluated for suppression of WCR and NCR adults in commercially grown corn. The manufacturing processes, Bepex and Prater, are variations of methods used to produce microsphere insecticide particles. One rate (0.5 lb product/acre) of both formulations was applied to 3 corn fields on 9 Aug. The fields were each divided into 10 equal sized subplots; 5 subplots were treated with Bepex formulated Slam and 5 with Prater. Applications were made with a Piper Pawnee PA-25 aircraft equipped with three D10 nozzles per wing and spraying at 25 psi approximately 10 ft above the canopy at 100 mph. An additional field, located within 1 mile of the treated fields, was divided into 5 equal sized subplots and used as an untreated comparison. Ten randomly selected plants/subplot were visually examined for rootworm adults 24 h before and 24 h, 6 and 13 DAT. Mean number of adults ± SE was calculated and paired t-tests conducted to compare Bepex vs Prater application effectiveness in each field.
Effect of Sulfonylurea Herbicides on Field Corn Following an Application of Granular Insecticide at Planting, 1995
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Field corn was ridge-planted to a non-tilled seed bed on 19 May. The soil in these plots was a Cozad silt loam. At the time of planting, soil moisture was adequate for germination and the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm was about 7°C. Granular soil insecticides were applied in a 7-inch T-band at planting to 10 X 40 ft plots with a bicycle wheel type applicator. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Broadstrike + Dual herbicide was applied immediately prior to plant emergence on 2 Jun. Several sulfonylurea herbicides were applied as separate treatments over the whorl of V3 stage field corn plants on 23 Jun. All herbicide applications were made with a CO2-charged sprayer through 8001 flat fan nozzles at 30 psi, in a total volume of 19 gpa. The sprayer was carried on an all terrain vehicle which was driven at 2 mph. With the exception of the Broad-strike + Dual treatments, Valent X-77 was added to each herbicide treatment at a rate of 0.25% v/v. Nitrogen fertilizer (28-0-0) was added to the Accent treatments at a rate of 1 gpa, to the Beacon and Basis treatments at a rate of 0.5 gpa and to the Exceed treatments at a rate of 0.25 gpa. The effect of the herbicides on leaf chlorophyll was evaluated 7 DAT with a hand held chlorophyll meter. This meter records depth of green color in a dimensionless value. The effect of the herbicides on plant height and condition was evaluated 7, 14 and 28 DAT. Plant conditions considered to be related to the herbicide application included reduced height, yellowed leaves and/or twisted whorls. The severity of these conditions was evaluated on a 1 to 10 scale where 1 represented little damage and 10 represented severely damaged and stunted plants. The effect of the herbicides plus insecticide was compared with plots treated with insecticide alone.
Control of European Corn Borer Larvae and Effect on Spider Mites on Reproductive Stage Field Corn, 1995
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Various pesticides were applied to blister stage (R2 stage) field corn on 28 Aug near North Platte, NE. The treatments were applied with a CO2-charged backpack sprayer through 11002VS flat fan nozzles at 20 psi, in a total volume of 21 gpa. Each treatment was applied to 10 X 35 ft plots and replicated four times in a RCB design. One day prior to application, ~90 neonate ECB larvae were released on each of four plants in the center of each plot. The larvae were mixed in corn cob grit which was applied to the axils of three leaves of each plant. Artificially infested plants were collected 50 DAT, split from root to tassel and evaluated for the presence of ECB caused cavities, their total length and live ECB larvae. The size of TSM and BGM colonies were rated on the underside of the three lowest leaves of each 4 randomly selected plants from the middle of each plot 14 DAT. The rating scale was 0-5: 0 = no mites, 1 = individual mites (0-10 mites), 2 = small colonies (11-100 mites), 3 = large, individual colonies (101-300 mites), 4 = large connected colonies but not completely covering the underside of the leaf (301-1000 mites), 5 = colonies completely covering the underside of the leaf (1001-2000 mites).
Apple, Acaricide Airblast Evaluation, 1996
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental acaricide treatments were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 4 replicates of ‘Yorking’. The trees were planted at a spacing of 20 x 20 ft and were 23 years old. All treatments were applied with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 GPA, driven at 2.4 mph for a complete spray, except for the last 2 BAS-300 treatments which were applied at 50 (2.4 mph) and 200 gpa (1.75 mph). All plots received a regular maintenance schedule of fungicides (Dithane 75DF, Nova 40WP, Topsin 85DF and Ziram 76WP) and nutrients (CaCl). Post-bloom insecticides (Guthion 50WP) were applied as needed at 1 - to 2-week intervals beginning at petalfall in early May. Effectiveness of the treatments on ERM, TSSM and ZM was evaluated by counting the mites at approximately weekly intervals during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. The predator, S. punctum was observed by making 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the trees. Mite pressure was high.
Corn Rootworm Control, 1996
Authors: Spangler S. M. , Calvin D. D. , Grove T. , Lehto D. , Rebarchak P. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The evaluation was carried out on a Hagerstown silt loam soil in central Pennsylvania, near University Park, and planting was done on 22 May in continuous corn. The design was RCB with five replicates of each treatment. Plots were 20 ft long X 2 rows wide, with row spacing at 30 inches. Granular treatments were applied at planting using a Max Emerge John Deere 7000R corn planter. T-band applications were applied in 7-inch bands over the row and into the furrow, and in-furrow applications were directed into the furrow only. Furadan 4F was broadcast on 20 Jun, and cultivation for the Furadan 4F + cultivation treatment was done the same day. The Regent 80 WG treatment was applied at a rate of 2 gal water per acre as a spray directed into the furrow. Rainfall totals for the research site during the trial were: 3.03 inches (May), 4.95 inches (Jun), 5.20 inches (Jul), 5.53 inches (Aug), 12.55 inches (Sep), and 4.97 inches (Oct. Plots were rated with the Towa’ rating method on 30 Jul (5 plants/plot), and by quantifying yield on 15 Nov (total grain weight/plot). Final yields were expressed as grain acre at 15.5% moisture.
Control of European Corn Borer in Whorl Stage Corn, 1996
Authors: Witkowski John , Echtenkamp Jerry 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental design was RCB with 20 insecticide treatments and an untreated check replicated four times. Single-row plots were 50 ft in length and at 30 inch spacings. Corn was no-till planted into soybean residue on 29 Apr. All granular insecticides were applied in a seven inch band over the whorl with a specially designed cone belt distributors mounted on a Hahn Hi-boy. The distributors were also mounted on the plantar for the in-furrow treatment of Regent 3G applied at planting. Liquid insecticides were applied with a back-pack sprayer directing the spray solution into the whorl and calibrated to deliver 18 gpa at 30 psi, excepting Regent 80WG which was applied in-furrow at planting time. The planting time in-furrow treatment was applied as 1.0 gpa spray solution. On 27 Jun, six black headed ECB egg-masses were placed in each whorl often marked plants per plot row. Whorl treatments were applied 6 days later on 3 Jul, excepting a treatment of regent 80WG which was applied to eight-inch corn on 14 Jun. On 30 Jul, the 10 marked plants in each replicate were dissected from tassel to ground, examined and the number of corn borer cavities recorded.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Lepidoptera in Cotton, 1996
Authors: Adamczyk J. J. , Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three tests were conducted at the Macor Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides against SL, BAW, and BW/TBW on cotton. Plots in al! tests consisted of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design and replicated four times in all tests. Treatments were ap plied to Tests I, II, and III on 4, 9, and 13 Sep, respectively. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver (11.6 gal (Tests 1 and II) or 6.0 gpa (Test HI) through Teejet TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 42 psi. Treatments were evaluated at 3 and 7 DAT (Test III only at 3 DAT using two 25-sweep samples/plot taken with a standard 15 inch diam sweep net. Rows 1 and 2 were sampled 3 DAT and rows 3 and 4 were sampled 7 DAT. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT. No rainfall occurred during these tests.
Evaluation of Biological Alternatives for Tobacco Budworms on Cotton, 1996
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 3 May in a Faceville loamy sand on 38-inch rows near Laurel Hill in southeastern NC. Recommended practices for fertility and weed management were followed, and 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15G used at planting for thrips control. Plots were 30 ft X 6 rows, with 10-ft alleys and four replications arranged in a RCBD. The entire test was oversprayed with 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Ortheen 75S on 7 Jun to encourage TBW establishment via destruction of beneficial arthropods. The Karate check was applied on 17 Jun, and the Ovasyn treatment was applied on 10, 17 and 24 Jun. All applications were applied with a CO2-pressurized back-pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gpa at 50 psi with a single Spraying Systems TX-8 hollow cone nozzle per row. On Jun 17, all squares and terminals were removed from the middle 2 rows in 1 of the treatments and 50% removal of the squares and terminal constituted a second. On 9 Jul, just prior to bloom, the 3 oldest, most mature fruit were removed from all plants in a 3rd fruit removal treatment. On 25 Jun, 25 terminals from each plot were examined for TBW eggs, terminal and square damage from TBW and live larvae. On 30 Jul, the number bolls were counted for 15 ft of the middle 2 rows of each plot per replicate (60 ft total per treatment). Plots were harvested with a 2-row John Deere mechanical harvester on 4 Nov, and lint calculations were based on hand-ginning individual plots. All data were analyzed via ANOVA and DMRT.
Evaluation of Pyrethroid Alternatives for Tobacco Budworm Control, 1996
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 3 May in a Faceville loamy sand on 38-inch rows near Laurel Hill in southeastern NC. Recommended practices for fertility and weed management were followed, and 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15G used at planting for thrips control. Plots were 40 ft X 6 rows, with 10-ft alleys and 4 replications arranged in a RCBD. The entire test was oversprayed with 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Orthene 75S on 7 Jun to encourage TBW establishment via destruction of beneficial arthropods. A single application was applied to all plots on 17 Jun. All applications were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gpa at 50 psi with a single Spraying Systems TX-8 hollow cone nozzle per row. On 25 Jun, 25 terminals from each plot were examined for TBW eggs, terminal and square damage from TBW and live larvae. On 30 Jul, the number bolls were counted for 15 ft for each plot per replicate (60 ft total per treatment). Plots were harvested with a 2-row John Deere mechanical harvester on 4 Nov. All data were analyzed via ANOVA and DMRT.
Impact of Cover Crop and At-Planting Insecticide on Thrips Populations, 1996
Authors: Cook D. R. , Burris E. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were replicated four times in a split plot design and were four rows (40 inch spacing) X45 ft. Stoneville 474 cotton seed of the same seed lot was planted on 7 May on a Sharkey clay soil which was fertilized with 90 lb N/acre. Cotton seed was planted no-till with a John Deere 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch-seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with 8-inch belt cone applicators mounted to replace the standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2 charged spray system through 25015 nozzles (1/row) mounted in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and calibrated to deliver 5 gpa finished spray. Cover crop treatments consisted of winter wheat and native winter vegetation. Control of thrips was assessed by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot on 21 and 28 May and 7 Jun. Plant samples were processed by using whole-plant washing procedures to remove insects. Major pest and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug
Apple, Summer Airblast Sprayer Acaricide Test, 1996
Authors: Reissig H. , Dunham D. H. , Smith C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was designed to compare the effectiveness against ERM of the same rate of Pyramite 60% WP (0.3 lbs ai/A) applied with a truck-mounted, airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver different volumes of water: 50, 100, and 200 gpa. Agri-Mek 0.15 EC (0.0125 lb Al/acre) and Carzol 92 SP (0.92 lbs Al/acre) applied in 100 gpa of water were used as standards. These treatments were compared with an untreated check plot. Each plot was ca 0.2 acre and consisted of 3 rows of trees which were 12 ft high and planted 19 by 11 feet apart. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with one replicate each of ‘Jonamacs’ and ‘Paulared’ block. The test orchard had a moderate to heavy population of overwintering ERM eggs, and no prebloom acaricide sprays were applied. A single spray of each material was applied on 5 Jun, about 7-10 days after petal fall, against a mixed population of ERM adults, eggs and immature stages. Following the treatment, 25 randomly selected leaves from each of 4 trees in the middle row of each plot were sampled at weekly intervals. Mites were removed from the sampled leaves with a Henderson-McBurnie mite-brushing machine and counted. Intermediate-aged fruit cluster leaves were sampled during June and early July, and intermediate-aged terminal leaves were sampled during late July and Aug.
Control of Tarnished Plant Bug with Karate and Fipronil, 1996
Authors: Teague T. G. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Field studies were conducted to evaluate tarnished plant bug control using fipronil and 2 different formulations of Karate. Cotton was planted 9 May on the Cotton Branch Experiment Station in Marianna, AR in 8 row (38 inch centers) wide plots 70 ft long with 10 ft alleys and separated by a 6.5 ft buffer planted in mustard. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 2 replications. Insecticides were applied 25 Jul using a 8-row CO2 charged hi-boy sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.5 gpa at 30 psi with TJ-60 8002 nozzles on 19 inch spacing. Prior to application, TPB were collected using sweep nets in blooming mustard then placed in 15 ml plastic vials (5 in-sects per vial) on ice. Three organdy sleeve cages, 6 inches diam by 18 inches long, were secured to randomly selected individual plants in the center 2 rows by tying the lower end of each cage around the plant ca 1 ft from the terminal with twist ties. The cages were rolled down to the tie and covered with aluminum foil leaving plant terminals exposed. Following treatment the foil was removed, the cage pulled up, and 5 TPB nymphs (3 to 5th instart) were placed into each cage. Cage tops were secured with twist ties. After 72 h plants were cut below the cage and taken to the laboratory where TPB mortality was determined. Mortality data were analyzed with AOV, and means separated with LSD.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Dimilin, 1996A
Authors: Bernhardt J. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plot size was 9 rows (7 inch spacing) by 20 ft. Each plot was bound by levees. Rice was drill-seeded in Crowley silt loam at 90 lb/acre on 3 May and emerged on 12 May. Propanil and Bolero at 4 and 2 lb (AI)/acre, respectively, were applied for weed control on 29 May. Nitrogen was applied in a 3-way split of 75 lb N/acre as urea on 12 Jun and 30 lb N/acre on 5 and 14 Jul. Permanent flood was established on 12 Jun. All treatments of Dimilin were made with a CO2-pressurized back-pack sprayer at 18 gpa. Furadan 3G was applied 10 d after permanent flood with a hand-shaker. On 3 and 5 Jul and on 9 and 10 Jul five 4X4 inch (diam by depth) soil cores with an average of 5 plants/core were removed from plots. Soil was washed from the plant roots into a 40-mesh screen. The screen was immersed in salt water and RWW immatures were removed. Plots were harvested with a small combine on 13 Sept. Reported yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and LSD.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Fipronil in A Water-Seeded, Continuous Flood Culture–Eup Study, 1996
Authors: Way M.O. , Wallace R.G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was a non-replicated experimental use permit (EUP) study with 4 treatments. Plot size was 3 acres. On 26 Mar, plots were fertilized by air with 110-40-0 at 113 lb nitrogen/acre. On the same day, plots were treated by air with Ordram 15G at 29.2 lb product/acre. Fertilizer and herbicide were incorporated into dry soil (League clay) with a “do-all”. On 27 Mar, a designated plot was treated with Fipronil 80 WG at 0.0325 lb (AI)/acre. The treatment was applied to dry soil using a large, 2-person spray boom equipped with 11 nozzles (tip size 80015, 50 mesh screens) and pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 10.6 gpa. Following application, the treatment was incorporated with a spike tooth harrow. Plots were permanently flooded then planted by air with sprouted seed on 30 Mar. Untreated and fipronil-treated seed were provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company. Sprouted seed was treated with fipronil at the Beaumont Center by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company officials. Seeding rate for all plots was 100 lb dry seed/acre. Due to levee breakage, plots were drained 6 Apr and reflooded by 8 Apr. Rice emerged through the water about 17 Apr (14 d after application of the permanent flood). On 30 Apr (13 d after rice emergence through the water) Furadan 3G was applied by air to a designated plot at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre. On 3 Jun, rice was fertilized with urea at 60 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 173 lb/acre. All aerial applications were conducted by M&M Air Service of Beaumont. On each of 7, 15, 23 May; 6 Jun; and 4 Jul; twenty 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Cores were washed and inspected for immature RWW. Plots were not harvested due to mechanical and weather problems. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and data analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and LSD.