bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial survival strategies in ancient permafrost: insights from metagenomics
Authors: Mackelprang Rachel , Burkert Alexander , Haw Monica , Mahendrarajah Tara , Conaway Christopher H , Douglas Thomas A , Waldrop Mark P 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn permafrost (perennially frozen ground) microbes survive oligotrophic conditions, sub-zero temperatures, low water availability and high salinity over millennia. Viable life exists in permafrost tens of thousands of years old but we know little about the metabolic and physiological adaptations to the challenges presented by life in frozen ground over geologic time. In this study we asked whether increasing age and the associated stressors drive adaptive changes in community composition and function. We conducted deep metagenomic and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing across a Pleistocene permafrost chronosequence from 19 000 to 33 000 years before present (kyr). We found that age markedly affected community composition and reduced diversity. Reconstruction of paleovegetation from metagenomic sequence suggests vegetation differences in the paleo record are not responsible for shifts in community composition and function. Rather, we observed shifts consistent with long-term survival strategies in extreme cryogenic environments. These include increased reliance on scavenging detrital biomass, horizontal gene transfer, chemotaxis, dormancy, environmental sensing and stress response. Our results identify traits that may enable survival in ancient cryoenvironments with no influx of energy or new materials.
Over-expression of KdSOC1 gene affected plantlet morphogenesis in Kalanchoe daigremontiana
Authors: Zhu Chen , Wang Li , Chen Jinhua , Liu Chenglan , Zeng Huiming , Wang Huafang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractKalanchoe daigremontiana reproduces asexually by producing plantlets along the leaf margin. The aim of this study was to identify the function of the SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 gene in Kalanchoe daigremontiana (KdSOC1) during plantlet morphogenesis. In this study, KdSOC1 gene expression was detected at stem cell niche during in vitro somatic embryogenesis and plantlet morphogenesis. Disrupting endogenous auxin transportation suppressed the KdSOC1 gene response. Knockdown of the KdSOC1 gene caused a defect in cotyledon formation during the early heart stage of somatic embryogenesis. Over-expression (OE) of the KdSOC1 gene resulted in asymmetric plantlet distribution, a reduced number of plantlets, thicker leaves, and thicker vascular fibers. Higher KdPIN1 gene expression and auxin content were found in OE plant compared to those of wild-type plant leaves, which indicated possible KdSOC1 gene role in affecting auxin distribution and accumulation. KdSOC1 gene OE in DR5-GUS Arabidopsis reporting lines resulted in an abnormal auxin response pattern during different stages of somatic embryogenesis. In summary, the KdSOC1 gene OE might alter auxin distribution and accumulation along leaf margin to initiate plantlet formation and distribution, which is crucial for plasticity during plantlet formation under various environmental conditions.
Relationship between Retinal Inner Nuclear Layer Thickness and Severity of Visual Field Loss in Glaucoma
Authors: Kim Eun Kyoung , Park Hae-Young Lopilly , Park Chan Kee 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGlaucoma is a disease characterized by pathologic changes in inner retinal layers, which are comprised of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). As retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) cross over other retinal neurons that are connected by synapses, it is meaningful to investigate the outer retinal changes in glaucoma. We evaluated the association between thicknesses of segmented retinal layers in macular region and severity of visual field loss in open-angle glaucoma (OAG). This study involved 103 glaucomatous eyes. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) thicknesses were measured at the macular level using the Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with segmentation software. The functional losses were measured using 24-2 standard automated perimetry. Macular structure losses were positively correlated with functional loss for RNFL, GCL, and IPL (R = 0.550, 0.637, and 0.649, respectively, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with INL (R = −0.295, P = 0.041). By multivariate regression analysis, INL thickness was significantly associated with visual field mean deviation (dB) and optic disc hemorrhage. These finding carefully suggest reactive responses of neuronal or glial cells located in the INL occur during glaucoma progression.
The characterization of hippocampal theta-driving neurons — a time-delayed mutual information approach
Authors: Li Songting , Xu Jiamin , Chen Guifen , Lin Longnian , Zhou Douglas , Cai David 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInterneurons are important for computation in the brain, in particular, in the information processing involving the generation of theta oscillations in the hippocampus. Yet the functional role of interneurons in the theta generation remains to be elucidated. Here we use time-delayed mutual information to investigate information flow related to a special class of interneurons—theta-driving neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of the mouse—to characterize the interactions between theta-driving neurons and theta oscillations. For freely behaving mice, our results show that information flows from the activity of theta-driving neurons to the theta wave, and the firing activity of theta-driving neurons shares a substantial amount of information with the theta wave regardless of behavioral states. Via realistic simulations of a CA1 pyramidal neuron, we further demonstrate that theta-driving neurons possess the characteristics of the cholecystokinin-expressing basket cells (CCK-BC). Our results suggest that it is important to take into account the role of CCK-BC in the generation and information processing of theta oscillations.
Human ribosomal P1-P2 heterodimer represents an optimal docking site for ricin A chain with a prominent role for P1 C-terminus
Authors: Grela Przemysław , Li Xiao-Ping , Horbowicz Patrycja , Dźwierzyńska Monika , Tchórzewski Marek , Tumer Nilgun E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe eukaryotic P-stalk contains two P1-P2 protein dimers with a conserved C- terminal domain (CTD) critical for the interaction with external factors. To understand the role of the individual CTD of human P1/P2 proteins, we examined the interaction of reconstituted human P-protein complexes and C-terminally truncated forms with ricin A chain (RTA), which binds to the stalk to depurinate the sarcin/ricin loop (SRL). The interaction between P-protein complexes and RTA was examined by surface plasmon resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry, microscale thermophoresis and bio-layer interferometry. The P1-P2 heterodimer missing a CTD on P2 was able to bind RTA. In contrast, the P1-P2 heterodimer missing the CTD of P1 protein displayed almost no binding toward RTA. Very low interaction was detected between RTA and the non-truncated P2-P2 homodimer, suggesting that the structural architecture of the P1-P2 heterodimer is critical for binding RTA. The reconstituted pentameric human stalk complex had higher affinity for RTA than the P1-P2 dimer. Deletion of P1 CTD, but not P2 CTD reduced the affinity of the pentamer for RTA. These results highlight the importance of the heterodimeric organization of P1-P2 in the human stalk pentamer and functional non-equivalence of the individual P-protein CTDs in the interaction with RTA.
Spatial distribution of Qinghai spruce forests and the thresholds of influencing factors in a small catchment, Qilian Mountains, northwest China
Authors: Yang Wenjuan , Wang Yanhui , Wang Shunli , Webb Ashley A. , Yu Pengtao , Liu Xiande , Zhang Xuelong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractForest restoration in dryland mountainous areas is extremely difficult due to dry climate, complex topography and accelerating climate change. Thus, exact identification of suitable sites is required. This study at a small watershed of Qilian Mountains, Northwest China, aimed to determine the important factors and their thresholds limiting the spatial distribution of forests of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia), a locally dominant tree species. The watershed was divided into 342 spatial units. Their location, terrain and vegetation characteristics were recorded. Statistical analysis showed that the potential distribution area of Qinghai spruce forests is within an ellipse with the axes of elevation (from 2673.6 to 3202.2 m a.s.l.) and slope aspect (from −162.1° to 75.1° deviated from North). Within this ellipse, the forested sites have a soil thickness ≥40 cm, and slope positions of lower-slope, lower- or middle-slope, anywhere if the elevation is <2800, 2800–2900, >2900 m a.s.l, respectively. The corresponding mean annual air temperature at upper elevation boundary is −2.69 °C, while the mean annual precipitation at lower elevation boundary is 374 (331) mm within the small watershed (study area). The high prediction accuracy using these 4 factors can help to identify suitable sites and increase the success of afforestation.
MicroRNAs with prognostic significance in bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Yongpeng , Ma Xin , Chen Luyao , Li Hongzhao , Gu Liangyou , Gao Yu , Zhang Yu , Li Xintao , Fan Yang , Chen Jianwen , Zhang Xu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to systematically review articles that investigated the prognostic significance of different microRNAs in bladder cancer (BC). We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase to identify relevant studies until March 2016. After screening, 26 studies that involved 2753 patients were included. Results suggested that many miRs expression aberration may predict prognosis in patients with BC. There are six miRs (miR-21, miR-143, miR-155, miR-200, miR-214, and miR-222) were reported by at least two studies, and we performed meta-analysis in the corresponding studies. Accordingly, we found that high miR-21 expression was associated with poor overall survival [OS; hazard ratio (HR) = 3.94, 95% CI 2.08–7.44]. High miR-143 expression was associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS; HR = 3.78, 95% CI 1.61–8.89). High miR-155 expression was associated with poor PFS (HR = 8.10, 95% CI 2.92–22.48). High miR-222 expression was associated with poor OS (HR = 3.39, 95% CI 1.10–10.41). Meanwhile, low miR-214 expression was correlated with poor RFS(HR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.22–0.53). Our comprehensive systematic review concluded that microRNAs, particularly miR-21, miR-143, miR-155, miR-214, and miR-222, could serve as meticulous follow-up markers for early detection of progression or recurrence and even useful therapeutic targets for the treatment in patients with BC.
Targeting PTPRZ inhibits stem cell-like properties and tumorigenicity in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Fujikawa Akihiro , Sugawara Hajime , Tanaka Taisaku , Matsumoto Masahito , Kuboyama Kazuya , Suzuki Ryoko , Tanga Naomi , Ogata Atsuto , Masumura Makoto , Noda Masaharu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe R5 subfamily of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) comprises PTPRZ and PTPRG. A recent study on primary human glioblastomas suggested a close association between PTPRZ1 (human PTPRZ) expression and cancer stemness. However, the functional roles of PTPRZ activity in glioma stem cells have remained unclear. In the present study, we found that sphere-forming cells from the rat C6 and human U251 glioblastoma cell lines showed high expression levels of PTPRZ-B, the short receptor isoform of PTPRZ. Stable PTPRZ knockdown altered the expression levels of stem cell transcription factors such as SOX2, OLIG2, and POU3F2 and decreased the sphere-forming abilities of these cells. Suppressive effects on the cancer stem-like properties of the cells were also observed following the knockdown of PTPRG. Here, we identified NAZ2329, a cell-permeable small molecule that allosterically inhibits both PTPRZ and PTPRG. NAZ2329 reduced the expression of SOX2 in C6 and U251 cells and abrogated the sphere-forming abilities of these cells. Tumor growth in the C6 xenograft mouse model was significantly slower with the co-treatment of NAZ2329 with temozolomide, an alkylating agent, than with the individual treatments. These results indicate that pharmacological inhibition of R5 RPTPs is a promising strategy for the treatment of malignant gliomas.
A three miRNAs signature predicts survival in cervical cancer using bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Liang Bin , Li Yunhui , Wang Tianjiao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGrowing evidences showed that a large number of miRNAs were abnormally expressed in cervical cancer tissues and played irreplaceable roles in tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis. The aim of the present study was to identify the differential miRNAs expression between cervical cancer and normal cervical tissues by analyzing the high-throughput miRNA data downloaded from TCGA database. Additionally, we evaluated the prognostic values of the differentially expressed miRNAs and constructed a three-miRNA signature that could effectively predict patient survival. According to the cut-off criteria (P < 0.05 and |log2FC| > 2.0), a total of 78 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between cervical cancer tissues and matched normal tissues, including 37 up-regulated miRNAs and 41 down-regulated miRNAs. The Kaplan-Meier survival method revealed the prognostic function of the three miRNAs (miRNA-145, miRNA-200c, and miRNA-218-1). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the three-miRNA signature was an independent prognostic factor in cervical cancer. The functional enrichment analysis suggested that the target genes of three miRNAs may be involved in various pathways related to cancer, including MAPK, AMPK, focal adhesion, cGMP-PKG, wnt, and mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, the present study suggested that three-miRNA signature could be used as a prognostic marker in cervical cancer.
The Epichloë festucae antifungal protein has activity against the plant pathogen Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, the causal agent of dollar spot disease
Authors: Tian Zipeng , Wang Ruying , Ambrose Karen V. , Clarke Bruce B. , Belanger Faith C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEpichloë spp. are naturally occurring fungal endophytic symbionts of many cool-season grasses. Infection by the fungal endophytes often confers biotic and abiotic stress tolerance to their hosts. Endophyte-mediated disease resistance is well-established in the fine fescue grass Festuca rubra subsp. rubra (strong creeping red fescue) infected with E. festucae. Resistance to fungal pathogens is not an established effect of endophyte infection of other grass species, and may therefore be unique to the fine fescues. The underlying mechanism of the disease resistance is unknown. E. festucae produces a secreted antifungal protein that is highly expressed in the infected plant tissues and may therefore be involved in the disease resistance. Most Epichloë spp. do not have a gene for a similar antifungal protein. Here we report the characterization of the E. festucae antifungal protein, designated Efe-AfpA. The antifungal protein partially purified from the apoplastic proteins of endophyte-infected plant tissue and the recombinant protein expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris was found to have activity against the important plant pathogen Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. Efe-AfpA may therefore be a component of the disease resistance seen in endophyte-infected strong creeping red fescue.
MLN4924 (Pevonedistat), a protein neddylation inhibitor, suppresses proliferation and migration of human clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Tong Shuai , Si Yang , Yu Hefen , Zhang Lingqiang , Xie Ping , Jiang Wenguo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNeddylation is a post-translational protein modification associated with cancer development. MLN4924 is a neddylation inhibitor currently under investigation in multiple phase I studies on various malignancies, and its clincal name is Pevonedistat. It has been documented that MLN4924 blocks Cullins neddylation and inactivates CRLs and, in turn, triggers cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence and autophagy in many cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of MLN4924 in human clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC). Levels of both Nedd8 activating enzyme E1 and Nedd8-conjugating enzyme E2 were higher in ccRCC tissues and RCC cancer cells than in normal. Moreover, MLN4924 treatment led to rapid inhibition of Cullin1 neddylation and notably suppressed growth and survival as well as migration in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies revealed that MLN4924 induced the accumulation of a number of CRL substrates, including p21, p27 and Wee1 to trigger DNA damage and induce growth arrest at the G2/M phase. MLN4924 also induced anti-migration and anti-invasion by activating E-cadherin and repressing Vimentin. Taken together, this study provides the first evidence that neddylation pathway is overactive in ccRCC and that MLN4924 induces dose-dependent anti-proliferation, anti-migration, anti-invasion in ccRCC cells. The study thus indicates that MLN4924 has potential therapeutic value for the clinical treatment of renal cancer.
David Didier Roth (1808–1885)
Authors: Scheiman-Burkhardt Klaus 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungAls Ergänzung zu dem biographischen Artikel „David Didier Roth (1808 – 1885)” 8 von I. Sommer wird der Kern von Roths Kritik an Hahnemanns Arzneimittellehren durch ausführliche Zitate aus seinen „Studien der Arzneimittellehre“ verdeutlicht. Der Haupteinwand ist die unklare Quellenlage von einer Vielzahl vermeintlicher Prüfungssymptome, oder genauer gesagt, deren unzulängliche Kennzeichnung hinsichtlich ihrer Herkunft. Roth führt Indizien und Belege an, die nachweisen sollen, dass eine Vielzahl von Symptomen nicht an gesunden Prüfern, sondern an Kranken beobachtet wurden, wobei die Art und Weise und der Kontext dieser Beobachtungen unerwähnt bleiben.
Kurativer Effekt von Bryonia alba bei chronischer Diarrhoe mit Fruktoseintoleranz
Authors: Zwemke Hans 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungDargestellt wird die erfolgreiche Behandlung einer chronischen, schulmedizinisch und pseudo-diagnostisch als „Fruktoseintoleranz“ klassifizierten Durchfallerkrankung mittels wiederholter Gaben von Bryonia alba. Diskutiert werden verschiedene repertoriale Ansätze wie die Folgerepertorien nach Kent, die General Analysis und der Synoptic Key nach Boger sowie die Polaritätsanalyse nach Bönninghausen. Es erfolgt dann ein Materia-medica-Abgleich mit der Reinen Arzneimittellehre von Hahnemann, die den wichtigen Hinweis enthält, Bryonia wegen seiner Wechselwirkungen innerhalb von 24 Stunden nochmals zu wiederholen.
Zur Bewertung spontaner Atemänderungen bei der Respirations-Olfaktometrie
Authors: Gudziol Hilmar , Thielscher Doreen , Lehnich Holger , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Bitter Thomas 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Durch Gerüche evozierte Atemänderungen werden zum objektivierenden Nachweis der Intaktheit des Riechsystems im Sinne einer
Respirations-Olfaktometrie genutzt. Spontane Atemänderungen lassen sich in der Regel nicht von evozierten unterscheiden. Es müssen deshalb
wiederholt Reize mit reinen Riechstoffen randomisiert mit Leerreizen in die Ruheatmung appliziert werden, um mehrheitliche Atemänderungen
bei olfaktorischer Reizung darzustellen.
Methodik Bei 26 erwachsenen Normosmikern wurden mit Hilfe eines Fluss-Olfaktometers 15 überschwellige H2S- und 15
Neutralluft-Reize (Dauer: 2 s) randomisiert mit einem Interstimulusintervall von mindestens 1 Minute inspirationssynchron appliziert. Vor
der Reizung durfte die Ruheatmung nicht sehr streuen (Variationskoeffizient der Dauer der Inspiration und der Exspiration ≤0,1). Eine
respiratorische Reaktion im Reizatemzug lag vor, wenn die Dauer der Inspiration (DIN) bzw. der Exspiration (DEX) des Reizatemzuges jenseits
der doppelten Standardabweichung dieser Atemparameter vom Mittelwert der fünf vorausgehenden Ruheatemzüge lag. Die Anzahl der Reaktionen
wurde auf die Anzahl der Reize und der off-line als regelmäßig ermittelten Ruheatemkomplexe normiert und Reaktionsindizes gebildet.
Ergebnisse H2S-Reize evozierten deutlich mehr Atemänderungen als Neutralluftreize. DIN und DEX verringerten sich bei
olfaktorischer Reizung häufiger als bei einer Applikation von Neutralluft. Verlängerungen von DIN und DEX waren zwischen den beiden
Reizqualitäten nicht different.
Schlussfolgerungen Nur die randomisierte nasale Reizung mit einem Riechstoff und einem Leerreiz machen die Respirations-Olfaktometrie
aussagefähig.
Errata: Qualitätsprüfungen in Krankenhäusern durch den MDK Hessen: Erfahrungen und Ausblick - ein Praxisbericht
Authors: Ritter Sebastian , Lehr Frauke , Gaertner Thomas , van Essen Jörg 
Published: July 2017

ErratumQualitätsprüfungen in Krankenhäusern durch den MDK Hessen: Erfahrungen und Ausblick – ein Praxisbericht.Tabelle 2 wurde korrigiert und ausgetauscht.
Influenza infection triggers disease in a genetic model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Blackmore Stephen , Hernandez Jessica , Juda Michal , Ryder Emily , Freund Gregory G. , Johnson Rodney W. , Steelman Andrew J. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Peripheral infections exacerbate symptoms of many neurological diseases, including the most common autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), multiple sclerosis (MS). We demonstrate that influenza viral infection of autoimmune-prone mice triggers clinical and histological disease. We further show that influenza infection alters the transcriptome of the central nervous system and facilitates immune cell trafficking to the brain. Finally, we identified a specific chemokine that is upregulated in the CNS during infection that is also increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients during relapse. These observations improve our understanding of how peripheral infection may act to exacerbate neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Multiplexed RNAi therapy against brain tumor-initiating cells via lipopolymeric nanoparticle infusion delays glioblastoma progression
Authors: Yu Dou , Khan Omar F. , Suvà Mario L. , Dong Biqin , Panek Wojciech K. , Xiao Ting , Wu Meijing , Han Yu , Ahmed Atique U. , Balyasnikova Irina V. , Zhang Hao F. , Sun Cheng , Langer Robert , Anderson Daniel G. , Lesniak Maciej S. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Glioblastoma is a deadly brain tumor with no cure. Brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs) have been recognized as the key driver behind the unstoppable malignant growth, therapy resistance, and recurrence. BTICs are exceptionally difficult to target because of heterogeneous genetic and epigenetic aberrations that are challenging to reverse therapeutically using conventional pharmaceuticals or biologics. Here we report a lipopolymeric nanoparticle (LPNP) formulation that demonstrates a surprisingly high affinity for BTICs and the capacity to encapsulate multiple siRNAs for potent and targeted anti-BTIC therapy. We show that direct infusion of LPNP siRNAs to brain tumors effectively impedes tumor growth in mouse and provides encouraging survival benefits. This multiplexed nanomedicine platform carries strong potential for personalized anti-BTIC therapies.