bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphatidylethanol Detects Moderate‐to‐Heavy Alcohol Use in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Fleming Michael Francis , Smith Matthew J. , Oslakovic Erika , Lucey Michael R. , Vue Jenny X. , Al‐Saden Patrice , Levitsky Josh 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundAlcohol‐dependent liver transplantation (LT) patients who resume alcohol consumption are at risk for a number of alcohol‐related problems including liver injury and liver failure. Post‐LT patients are strongly advised to remain abstinent. However, we do not know how well this population complies due to a lack of valid methods (self‐report and/or biomarkers) to identify alcohol use. Studies suggest as many as 50% resume alcohol use within 5 years. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a new cell‐membrane phospholipid biomarker to identify alcohol use in the past 28 days. This prospective study followed 213 LT recipients at 2 U.S. liver transplant centers.MethodsSample included 213 LT subjects; 70.9% (n = 151/213) had a history of alcohol dependence prior to transplantation and 29.1% (n = 62/213) served as non‐alcohol‐dependent controls. Subjects participated in face‐to‐face interviews to assess alcohol use using a 30‐day calendar. The protocol called for collecting blood samples at baseline, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐up.ResultsSeventy percent (149/213) who reported no alcohol use had consistently negative PEth levels (<8 ng/ml). A total of 26.4% (57/213), 44 alcohol‐dependent patients and 13 controls, had a positive PEth test of >8 ng/ml either at baseline and/or during the follow‐up period. Alcohol‐dependent subjects (23.8%; n = 36/151) and 16.1% (n = 10/62) controls reported no alcohol use but had at least 1 positive PEth test. Of the 11.2% (24/213) post‐LT subjects who reported recent alcohol use, over half (11/24) had a positive PEth. The 13 self‐reported alcohol users with a negative PEth level reported insufficient drinking to trigger PEth formation.ConclusionsAdoption of PEth as part of routine posttransplant care of LT recipients will enable early identification of patients at risk of alcohol use and facilitate abstinence in patients with a history of alcohol dependence and alcohol‐related liver damage.
Is there reproductive diapause in the winterform of pear psylla Cacopsyla bidens?
Authors: Madar Reut , Zamir Yalta , Litovsky Anna , Soroker Victoria 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Seasonal changes in reproductive state were investigated in the pear psylla Cacopsylla bidens (Šulc), with a particular emphasis on the evaluation of reproductive diapause during autumn and winter.
Changes in reproductive status were observed in both seasons in populations living at four altitudes: 70, 300, 700 and 730 m. Winterform psylla females exhibited a period of slow ovarian development and a low mating rate. The onset, duration and extent of this period varied among the four sites but terminated synchronously, around December 20th. These changes were consistent within the same population over 3 years.
Laboratory and field data suggested that winterform female C. bidens maintain some characteristics of reproductive diapause. By manipulating photoperiod and temperature during psylla development, we showed a major role for photoperiod in the induction of a reproductive diapause‐like state. However, as observed under natural conditions, the timing of the decrease in ovarian development and mating was highly dependent on the decrease in temperature.
The fact that the initiation of reproductive activity was synchronous and highly predictable is very significant for the design of phenologically based management for this pest.
Differences in eosinophil molecular profiles between children and adults with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Lingblom C. , Käppi T. , Bergquist H. , Bove M. , Arkel R. , Saalman R. , Wennerås C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) afflicts both children and adults. It has been debated whether pediatric EoE and adult EoE represent different disease entities. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the blood eosinophil molecular pattern of children with EoE is (i) distinct from that of healthy children; and (ii) different from that of adults with EoE.MethodsBlood eosinophils from children and adults with EoE, and healthy controls, were analyzed with flow cytometry regarding levels of CD23, CD44, CD54, CRTH2, FOXP3, and galectin‐10. Eosinophil FOXP3 and galectin‐10 mRNA levels were determined by qPCR. The data were analyzed using a multivariate method of pattern recognition.ResultsAn eosinophil molecular pattern capable of distinguishing children with EoE from control children was identified. A smaller fraction of eosinophils from children with EoE expressed CD44 and a larger fraction expressed CRTH2 than the controls. Eosinophils from children with EoE also had higher levels of galectin‐10 mRNA and lower levels of FOXP3 mRNA. The eosinophils from children with EoE had lower levels of surface CD54 and of FOXP3 mRNA compared with the eosinophils from the adult patients. A key finding was the detection in healthy individuals of age‐related differences in the levels of several eosinophil markers.ConclusionsChildren with EoE can be distinguished from healthy children based on the molecular patterns of their blood eosinophils. Age‐related physiologic differences in eosinophil molecular patterns may partly explain the different blood eosinophil phenotypes in children vs adults with EoE.
Validation of data in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway on delivery after a previous cesarean section
Authors: Lehmann Sjur , Baghestan Elham , Børdahl Per , Ebbing Marta , Irgens Lorentz , Rasmussen Svein 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionTrial of labor (TOL) is an option in most deliveries after a previous cesarean section (CS). The Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) has received compulsory notification of all deliveries in the country since 1967, including data that could identify TOL in epidemiologic research. The objective of this study was to validate MBRN data for identification of TOL deliveries after a previous cesarean section (CS).Material and methodsThe MBRN provided a random national sample of 500 birth order two deliveries during 1989–2012 in women with a registered birth order one CS delivery. The reporting maternity units were asked to complete a questionnaire on data items in both deliveries, using hospital record data as the gold standard.ResultsCompleted questionnaires were returned for 477 women (95.5%) with data on both deliveries. An algorithm to identify TOL using MBRN data from the birth order two delivery had a positive predictive value of 93.2%, a negative predictive value of 93.5%, a sensitivity of 96.1%, and a specificity of 88.8%. Validity of MBRN data on mode and onset of delivery, CS subtype, and planned mode of delivery is also reported.ConclusionsMBRN data on planned and actual mode of delivery, CS subtype, and the algorithm to identify TOL in deliveries after a previous CS had satisfactory quality for a registry‐based study of TOL.
Comparative morphology of sensilla on antenna, maxillary palp and labial palp of larvae of Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus (Olivier) and E. brandti (Harold) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Yang Yuchao , Ren Lili , Wang Tao , Xu Lili , Zong Shixiang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus (Olivier) and E. brandti (Harold) are two wood boring pests of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (tree of heaven) and the variety Ailanthus altissima var. Qiantouchun. These beetles attack healthy trees and bore into roots and trunks during the larval stage. We studied the typology, distribution and morphostructure of the sensilla on the antennae, maxillary palps and labial palps of E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti larvae using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed the following: (i) the antennae of the two weevil larvae had two types of sensilla, sensilla basiconica (S.b.1 and S.b.2) and sensilla twig basiconica (S.tb.1‐S.tb.3), with S.tb.4 observed only on the antennae of E. brandti larvae; (ii) the maxillary palps had three types of sensilla, S.b.2, S.tb. (S.tb.2, S.tb.3 and S.tb.5) and digitiform sensilla; (iii) the labial palps had two types of sensilla, S.b.2 and S.tb. (S.tb.2, S.tb.3 and S.tb.5); (iv) the quantity and distribution of sensilla on the antennae, maxillary palps and labial palps remained constant between E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti larvae; and (v) sensilla basiconica had distinct sidewall pores, an apical pore was observed on sensilla twig basiconica, and digitiform sensilla were oval in shape, with a distinct apical pore. Based on the microstructure of the cuticle wall and dendrite, we hypothesized that these sensilla functioned as olfactory, gustatory and hygro‐/thermo‐receptors, respectively. We discuss the relationships among types of sensilla and the types of damage caused by the larvae inside the host tree to understand olfactory and gustatory receptor mechanisms. The results of this study will provide a firm basis for future electrophysiological studies.
Ontogenetic changes in spot configuration (numbers, circularity, size and asymmetry) and lateral line in Neurergus microspilotus (Caudata: Salamandridae)
Authors: Vaissi Somaye , Parto Paria , Sharifi Mozafar 
Published: February 2017

AbstractColoration in three of four species of the genus Neurergus including N. microspilotus is characterized by the presence of yellow spots on a dark skin, but there is no available information about changes in spot configuration, speed of development and degree of association between melanophore‐free region and the lateral line. In this study, spot numbers, spot circularity, spot size and spot asymmetry were studied during larval to adult growth in N. microspilotus during July 2012 to June 2015. The mean numbers of spots increased during the late larval stage till postmetamorphic period from 13.33 ± 3.77 to 22.53 ± 4.09 and reached 42.62 ± 4.06 in adults. At the same time, the extent of spots gradually decreased in size from 5.80 ± 1.00 to 3.57 ± 0.97 mm2 and reached 3.55 ± 1.42 mm2 in adults, but the spot circularity increased from 0.48 ± 0.23 to 0.78 ± 0.49 and reached 0.80 ± 0.15 in adults. In adults, the numbers, circularity, size and asymmetry of spots remain stable with little but non‐significant changes during the study period. Histological study shows that formation of a melanophore‐free region correlates with the development of the lateral line receptors. This study demonstrates that the effects of lateral line on chromatophores persist through middle larval stages but diminish as metamorphosis completes.
Mobile games and science learning: A comparative study of 4 and 5 years old playing the game Angry Birds
Authors: Herodotou Christothea 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA popular activity among young children is the use of mobile devices and apps. Yet, the impact of mobile devices on learning and development is rather underexplored. The limited studies identified explore effects on literacy development and communication and report on mixed findings. A considerable gap is observed as to how the use of mobile apps relates to young children's understanding in diverse domains including science learning, and to extend, whether and how mobile apps should be used and how in early years' settings. The aim of this paper is to shed light on this area by examining the learning effects of touch screen mobile game applications, in particular the game Angry Birds, on two groups of preschoolers 4 and 5 years old respectively. Evidence from a comparative study with 32 participants reveal significant differences between the two groups in terms of game skills and their understanding of projectile motion. Implications for educational stakeholders, parents and app designers are discussed along with future research directions.
Identification of the anti‐mycobacterial functional properties of piperidinol derivatives
Authors: Guy Collette S , Tichauer Esther , Kay Gemma L , Phillips Daniel J , Bailey Trisha L , Harrison James , Furze Christopher M , Millard Andrew D , Gibson Matthew I , Pallen Mark J , Fullam Elizabeth 
Published: February 2017

Background and PurposeTuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health threat and is now the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. The current TB drug regimen is inadequate, and new anti‐tubercular agents are urgently required to be able to successfully combat the increasing prevalence of drug‐resistant TB. The purpose of this study was to investigate a piperidinol compound derivative that is highly active against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus.Experimental ApproachThe antibacterial properties of the piperidinol compound and its corresponding bis‐Mannich base analogue were evaluated against M. smegmatis and Gram‐negative organisms. Cytotoxicity studies were undertaken in order to determine the selectivity index for these compounds. Spontaneous resistant mutants of M. smegmatis were generated against the piperidinol and corresponding bis‐Mannich base lead derivatives and whole genome sequencing employed to determine the genetic modifications that lead to selection pressure in the presence of these compounds.Key ResultsThe piperidinol and the bis‐Mannich base analogue were found to be selective for mycobacteria and rapidly kill this organism with a cytotoxicity selectivity index for mycobacteria of >30‐fold. Whole genome sequencing of M. smegmatis strains resistant to the lead compounds led to the identification of a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms indicating multiple targets.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur results indicate that the piperidinol moiety represents an attractive compound class in the pursuit of novel anti‐tubercular agents.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Drug Metabolism and Antibiotic Resistance in Micro‐organisms. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.14/issuetoc
Neural Oscillation Reveals Deficits in Visuospatial Working Memory in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder
Authors: Wang Chun‐Hao , Tseng Yu‐Ting , Liu Dang , Tsai Chia‐Liang 
Published: February 2017

The electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations associated with visuospatial working memory (VSWM) were examined in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD; 10–11 years; N = 29) and typically developing (TD) children (10–11 years; N = 29). Behaviorally, DCD showed poorer VSWM than TD, which coincided with the diminished ability of DCD in modulating neural oscillations. Furthermore, prestimulus oscillatory alpha activity was correlated with VSWM performance. The results suggest that children with DCD might have a reduced ability to encode and recognize new information, and in particular have difficulty in maintaining task‐relevant information, resulting in poorer VSWM. This study thus concludes that changes in oscillatory EEG activity reflect some of the problems leading to cognitive deficits in DCD.
Differential responses of human dendritic cells to metabolites from the oral/airway microbiome
Authors: Whiteson K , Agrawal S , Agrawal A 
Published: February 2017

Summary
Small molecule metabolites that are produced or altered by host-associated microbial communities are emerging as significant immune response modifiers. However, there is a key gap in our knowledge of how oral microbial metabolites affect the immune response. Here, we examined the effects of metabolites from five bacterial strains found commonly in the oral/airway microbial communities of humans. The five strains, each isolated from cystic fibrosis patient sputum, were Pseudomonas aeruginosa FLR01 non-mucoid (P1) and FLR02 mucoid (P2) forms, Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp), S. salivarius (Ss) and Rothia mucilaginosa (Rm). The effect of bacterial metabolites on dendritic cell (DC) activation, T cell priming and cytokine secretion was determined by exposing DCs to bacterial supernatants and individual metabolites of interest. Supernatants from P1 and P2 induced high levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)−12 and IL-6 from DCs and primed T cells to secrete interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-22 compared to supernatants from Sp, Ss and Rm. Investigations into the composition of supernatants using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) revealed signature metabolites for each of the strains. Supernatants from P1 and P2 contained high levels of putrescine and glucose, while Sp and Ss contained high levels of 2,3-butanediol. The individual metabolites replicated the results of whole supernatants, although the magnitudes of their effects were reduced significantly. Altogether, our data demonstrate for the first time that the signature metabolites produced by different bacteria have different effects on DC functions. The identification of signature metabolites and their effects on the host immune system can provide mechanistic insights into diseases and may also be developed as biomarkers.
Clinical and immunohistochemical performance of lyophilized platelet‐rich fibrin (Ly‐PRF) on tissue regeneration
Authors: Zhang Jianming , Qi Xingying , Luo Xiaoding , Li Dan , Wang Haorong , Li Ting 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) has been widely used in oral implantology and other fields, but benefits of the fresh PRF (FPRF (fresh platelet‐rich fibrin)) were consequently limited because of its short‐term application. Thus, a protocol for the combination of PRF and lyophilization comes up in the present study to address the issue of PRF storage and delayed clinical application, which has little been reported in this field at home and abroad by now.PurposeThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the applicability of lyophilized platelet‐rich fibrin (Ly‐PRF) used as the scaffold material for craniofacial tissue regeneration and to compare its biochemical properties with commonly used fresh PRF.Materials and MethodsTwo volunteers with both genders were selected as the source of PRF and Ly‐PRF samples. Macro‐ and micro‐scopic appearance evaluation as well as immunohistochemical comparison were performed on PRF samples before and after freeze‐drying at −196°C. The second experimental phase was to observe clinical performance when fresh and lyophilized PRF were applied in guided bone regeneration (GBR) operations in 39 patients losing teeth in the anterior maxillary region who required an oral implantation followed by labial bone grafting.ResultsThe conventional histological and transmission electron microscopy images showed the microstructure of Ly‐PRF, which resembled a mesh containing apparently irregularly shaped platelets with less alpha‐granule than fresh PRF in micro and a translucent membrane with less elasticity than fresh PRF in macro. Simultaneous immunohistological staining results showed positive expression of PDGF‐BB, IL‐1, IL‐4, TNF, TGF‐β1 in both fresh and lyophilized PRF, while the expression of PDGF‐BB, IL‐1, TNF, TGF‐β1 has no statistical difference between them (P > .05) but that of IL‐4 in Ly‐PRF is statistically higher than in fresh PRF (P < .05). When applied in GBR operations, there were no significant differences between Ly‐PRF and FPRF in factors of histological and clinical evaluations (i.e., color, swelling, bleeding of the mucosa, pain leveland, and remodeling of hard tissue) performed 3 days, 7 days, and 4 months after the surgery (P > .05).ConclusionsThis study strongly supports that lyophilization at −196°C does not largely influence the expression of bioactive factors, the microstructure of fibrinogen or the clinical effects of PRF.
Allergenic sesquiterpene lactones from cushion bush (Leucophyta brownii Cass.): new and old sensitizers in a shrub‐turned‐a‐pot plant
Authors: Paulsen Evy , Hyldgaard Mette G. , Andersen Klaus E. , Andersen Flemming , Christensen Lars P. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe Australian cushion bush (Leucophyta brownii) of the Compositae family of plants has become a popular pot and container plant. The plant produces the sesquiterpene lactone allergen calocephalin.ObjectivesTo assess the sensitizing potential of sesquiterpene lactones from cushion bush.Patients/Materials/MethodsEleven Compositae‐sensitive patients were patch tested with seven sesquiterpene lactones isolated from cushion bush.ResultsSix of seven sesquiterpene lactones elicited positive reactions in 4 of 11 patients.ConclusionsThe well‐known sesquiterpene lactone pseudoivalin and its derivative pseudoivalin acetate, as well as calocephalin and tomentosin, were confirmed to be sensitizers, whereas leucophytalin A and 4α‐hydroxy‐5αH,10αH‐1,11(13)‐guaidien‐8β,12‐olide were shown to be allergenic for the first time. The patch test reaction patterns seem to follow the chemical patterns, which may eventually make it possible to trace primary sensitizers and advise patients more precisely.
Species invasions threaten the antiquity of China's freshwater fish fauna
Authors: Liu Chunlong , He Dekui , Chen Yifeng , Olden Julian D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimHuman‐mediated species introductions and extirpations have resulted in the homogenization of biotas over time. However, there remains considerable uncertainty in our understanding of homogenization process for megadiverse regions of the world. Here, we investigate the consequences of widespread species invasions and extirpations for the biogeography of China's unique freshwater fish fauna.LocationChina.MethodsBy assembling a comprehensive dataset for distribution of Chinese freshwater fishes, we quantify how non‐native fish species, from both overseas introductions and domestic translocations, has led to taxonomic homogenization of fish faunas at watershed, basin, ecoregion and country scales. We explore how the observed patterns in homogenization vary geographically, and identify those species most responsible for the faunal changes. Lastly, we simulate how China's fish fauna may continue to homogenize according to different scenarios of anticipated species introductions and extirpations.ResultsWe demonstrate that species introductions and extirpations have homogenized freshwater fish faunas across China. Overall compositional similarity of watersheds increased by 7.0% (from a historical 14.9% to 21.9% in the present day; Sørensen index). Compositional similarity of 96 of 103 (93.2%) watersheds increased, with western basins exhibiting the highest magnitude. Translocated non‐native species associated with aquaculture practices contributed the most to faunal homogenization when compared to alien species (7.3% and 0.4%, respectively). Furthermore, faunal homogenization is predicted to intensify an additional 0.5–4.2% with increasing numbers of new non‐native species introductions and the extirpation of native species.Main conclusionsSpecies introductions and extirpations have resulted in the significant impoverishment, and thus the loss of antiquity, of China's freshwater fish fauna over the past century. In the light of the growing realization that species composition (not richness) defines the role that biodiversity plays in maintaining ecosystem function, our study highlights the need for conservation strategies in China that consider changing patterns of β diversity.