bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jenny Lind, Harriet Grote and Elite Music Patronage in Early Victorian London
Authors: Thom Wium Matildie 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThis article explores the patronage relationship between Harriet Grote and Jenny Lind during the latter's visits to London in 1847, 1848 and 1849. Aiming to highlight the often neglected affective dimensions of individual music patronage in this period, it discusses Grote's activities as Lind's agent and chaperone as well as her efforts to support Lind in more personal ways and to create a home-like environment for her. It is argued that Grote's varied roles as Lind's patron should be interpreted in the context of an intense personal interest in the singer, and are characterized by a complex combination of public and private types of support. These, in turn, correspond to public and private music practice as settings for patronage, revealing the interdependence of these two modes of music-making in the period, especially in the case of elite music culture.
Novel probabilistic models of spatial genetic ancestry with applications to stratification correction in genome-wide association studies
Authors: Bhaskar Anand , Javanmard Adel , Courtade Thomas A , Tse David 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Motivation
Genetic variation in human populations is influenced by geographic ancestry due to spatial locality in historical mating and migration patterns. Spatial population structure in genetic datasets has been traditionally analyzed using either model-free algorithms, such as principal components analysis (PCA) and multidimensional scaling, or using explicit spatial probabilistic models of allele frequency evolution. We develop a general probabilistic model and an associated inference algorithm that unify the model-based and data-driven approaches to visualizing and inferring population structure. Our spatial inference algorithm can also be effectively applied to the problem of population stratification in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), where hidden population structure can create fictitious associations when population ancestry is correlated with both the genotype and the trait.

Results
Our algorithm Geographic Ancestry Positioning (GAP) relates local genetic distances between samples to their spatial distances, and can be used for visually discerning population structure as well as accurately inferring the spatial origin of individuals on a two-dimensional continuum. On both simulated and several real datasets from diverse human populations, GAP exhibits substantially lower error in reconstructing spatial ancestry coordinates compared to PCA. We also develop an association test that uses the ancestry coordinates inferred by GAP to accurately account for ancestry-induced correlations in GWAS. Based on simulations and analysis of a dataset of 10 metabolic traits measured in a Northern Finland cohort, which is known to exhibit significant population structure, we find that our method has superior power to current approaches.

Availability and Implementation
Our software is available at https://github.com/anand-bhaskar/gap.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Hitomi observations of Perseus support heating by mixing
Authors: Hillel Shlomi , Soker Noam 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We compare the velocity dispersion of the intracluster medium (ICM) of the Perseus cluster of galaxies as observed by the Hitomi X-ray telescope to our three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of jet-inflated bubbles in cluster cooling flows and conclude that the observations support the mixing-heating mechanism of the ICM. In the mixing-heating mechanism, the ICM is heated by mixing of hot bubble gas with the ICM. This mixing is caused by vortices that are formed during the inflation process of the bubble. Sound waves and turbulence are also excited by the vortices, but they contribute less than 20 per cent to the heating of the ICM. Shocks that are excited by the jets contribute even less.
An Immuno-Suppressive Aphid Saliva Protein Is Delivered into the Cytosol of Plant Mesophyll Cells During Feeding
Authors: Mugford Sam T. , Barclay Elaine , Drurey Claire , Findlay Kim C. , Hogenhout Saskia A. 
Published: November 2016

Herbivore selection of plant hosts and plant responses to insect colonization have been subjects of intense investigations. A growing body of evidence suggests that, for successful colonization to occur, (effector/virulence) proteins in insect saliva must modulate plant defense responses to the benefit of the insect. A range of insect saliva proteins that modulate plant defense responses have been identified, but there is no direct evidence that these proteins are delivered into specific plant tissues and enter plant cells. Aphids and other sap-sucking insects of the order Hemiptera use their specialized mouthparts (stylets) to probe plant mesophyll cells until they reach the phloem cells for long-term feeding. Here, we show, by immunogold-labeling of ultrathin sections of aphid feeding sites, that an immuno-suppressive aphid effector localizes in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells near aphid stylets but not in cells further away from aphid feeding sites. In contrast, another aphid effector protein localizes in the sheaths composed of gelling saliva that surround the aphid stylets. Thus, insects deliver effectors directly into plant tissue. Moreover, different aphid effectors locate extracellularly in the sheath saliva or are introduced into the cytoplasm of plant cells. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2016 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Recommendations for Self-Report Outcome Measures in Vulvodynia Clinical Trials
Authors: Pukall Caroline F. , Bergeron Sophie , Brown Candace , Bachmann Gloria , Wesselmann Ursula 
Published: November 2016

Objectives:
Vulvodynia (idiopathic chronic vulvar pain) is a prevalent condition associated with significant and negative impacts in many areas of function. Despite the increased research interest in vulvodynia in recent years, recommendations for outcome measures for use in clinical trials are missing. The purpose of this paper, therefore, was to provide recommendations for outcome measures for vulvodynia clinical trials so that consistent measures are used across trials to facilitate between-study comparisons and the conduct of large multicenter trials, and to improve measurement of the multiple dimensions of vulvodynia.

Methods:
Given that provoked vestibulodynia (PVD)—characterized by provoked pain localized to the vaginal opening—is the most common subtype of vulvodynia and the current main focus of clinical trials, this paper focused on recommended outcome measures in PVD clinical trials. The framework used to guide the selection of outcome measures was based on the one proposed by the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT).

Results:
The IMMPACT framework provided a well-suited guideline for outcome measure recommendations in PVD clinical trials. However, given the provoked presentation of PVD and the significant impact it has on sexuality, modifications to some of the IMMPACT recommendations were made and specific additional measures were suggested.

Discussion:
Measures that are specific to vulvovaginal pain are ideal for adoption in PVD clinical trials, and many such measures currently exist that allow the relevant IMMPACT domains to be captured.
Activated Protein C Drives the Hyperfibrinolysis of Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy
Authors: Davenport Ross A. , Guerreiro Maria , Frith Daniel , Rourke Claire , Platton Sean , Cohen Mitchell , Pearse Rupert , Thiemermann Chris , Brohi Karim 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background
Major trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with hemorrhage accounting for 40% of deaths. Acute traumatic coagulopathy exacerbates bleeding, but controversy remains over the degree to which inhibition of procoagulant pathways (anticoagulation), fibrinogen loss, and fibrinolysis drive the pathologic process. Through a combination of experimental study in a murine model of trauma hemorrhage and human observation, the authors’ objective was to determine the predominant pathophysiology of acute traumatic coagulopathy.

Methods
First, a prospective cohort study of 300 trauma patients admitted to a single level 1 trauma center with blood samples collected on arrival was performed. Second, a murine model of acute traumatic coagulopathy with suppressed protein C activation via genetic mutation of thrombomodulin was used. In both studies, analysis for coagulation screen, activated protein C levels, and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) was performed.

Results
In patients with acute traumatic coagulopathy, the authors have demonstrated elevated activated protein C levels with profound fibrinolytic activity and early depletion of fibrinogen. Procoagulant pathways were only minimally inhibited with preservation of capacity to generate thrombin. Compared to factors V and VIII, proteases that do not undergo activated protein C–mediated cleavage were reduced but maintained within normal levels. In transgenic mice with reduced capacity to activate protein C, both fibrinolysis and fibrinogen depletion were significantly attenuated. Other recognized drivers of coagulopathy were associated with less significant perturbations of coagulation.

Conclusions
Activated protein C–associated fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis, rather than inhibition of procoagulant pathways, predominate in acute traumatic coagulopathy. In combination, these findings suggest a central role for the protein C pathway in acute traumatic coagulopathy and provide new translational opportunities for management of major trauma hemorrhage.
TOPICAL APRACLONIDINE REDUCES PAIN AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS
Authors: Lagstein Oded , Ben-Artzi Noa , Achiron Asaf , Nemet Achia , Khreish Maroun , Bartov Elisha , Burgansky-Eliash Zvia 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of topical apraclonidine in reducing pain and subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) after intravitreal injections (IViT).

Methods:
A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Thirty-nine patients were examined twice, at each monthly IViT of 1.25 mg/0.05 mL bevacizumab. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either topical apraclonidine 0.5% or placebo to the treated eye, 30 minutes before the first IViT. At their second IViT, the intervention was switched. Thirty minutes after the injection, SCH size was measured by a slit lamp, and pain was assessed by the numerical rating scale (NRS-11).

Results:
Mean pain score was 1.69 (SD ±1.44) in the apraclonidine group and 3.28 (SD ±2.27) in the control group (P < 0.001). Phakic patients had a greater pain reduction after topical apraclonidine (P < 0.001). Subconjunctival hemorrhage incidence was 41% in the apraclonidine group and 51.3% in the control group (P = 0.503). Mean SCH size was 1.71 mm2 (SD ±5.83) in the apraclonidine group and 3.25 mm2 (SD ±6.41) in the control group (P = 0.253). After topical apraclonidine, there was a smaller reduction in SCH size in patients with choroidal neovascularization or hypertension (P = 0.003 and 0.044, respectively), and a greater reduction in phakic patients (P = 0.048).

Conclusion:
Topical apraclonidine 0.5%, administered 30 minutes before IViT, significantly decreased pain by a factor of 1.94. It did not decrease the incidence or size of SCH in the entire cohort, but only in several subpopulations.
SPONTANEOUS CLOSURE OF A MACULAR HOLE AFTER FOUR FAILED VITRECTOMIES IN THE SETTING OF NF-1
Authors: Wannamaker Kendall W. , Sharpe Robert A. , Kylstra Jan A. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
To present the case of a patient who developed spontaneous closure of an idiopathic macular hole after four failed attempts at surgical closure.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case review of the medical record of a single patient. No statistical analysis was performed. The patient is a 71-year-old white woman with neurofibromatosis Type 1 who presented to the retina clinic of one of the authors.

Results:
The patient underwent four vitrectomies with long acting gas by two surgeons over the course of 2 years. After each surgery, the hole either did not close or it closed and then reopened within 1 year. Five months after the last surgery (1 year after the hole last reopened), the patient presented with improved vision and spontaneous closure of the macular hole. The hole has remained closed since then.

Conclusion:
This case demonstrates that spontaneous closure of a macular hole, associated with excellent visual recovery, can occur after multiple surgical failures. We propose that enhanced scar formation due to neurofibromatosis Type 1 was responsible for both the numerous failures following initially successful surgery (centrifugal traction) and for the spontaneous closure (centripetal traction).
“HEADS UP” DIGITALLY ASSISTED SURGICAL VIEWING FOR RETINAL DETACHMENT REPAIR IN A PATIENT WITH SEVERE KYPHOSIS
Authors: Skinner Cassandra C. , Riemann Christopher D. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
To describe the surgical approach with a screen-based “heads up” digital viewing technology for the successful repair of a retinal detachment in a patient with severe kyphosis.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
An 89-year-old man with vision loss in the left eye from a macula-involving retinal detachment of 4 weeks was scheduled for pars plana vitrectomy and retinal detachment repair. The patient had severe thoracic kyphosis, causing a fixed spinal flexion that presented a significant challenge to traditional intraoperative positioning and management. Surgery was performed using the NGENUITY system for primary surgical viewing, the surgeon operating heads up, and the patient in Trendelenburg position. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Visual acuity improved to 20/80 and the retina remained attached with 11 weeks of follow-up.

Conclusion:
Heads up digitally assisted viewing technology may be useful or preferred for patients requiring vitreoretinal surgery in the setting of severe musculoskeletal limitations or other positioning challenges.
Impact of Zygosity in Bimodal Phenotype Distributions
Authors: Holst-Hansen Thomas , Abad Elena , Muntasell Aura , López-Botet Miguel , Jensen Mogens H. , Trusina Ala , Garcia-Ojalvo Jordi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAllele number, or zygosity, is a clear determinant of gene expression in diploid cells. But the relationship between the number of copies of a gene and its expression can be hard to anticipate, especially when the gene in question is embedded in a regulatory circuit that contains feedbacks. Here we study this question making use of the natural genetic variability of human populations, which allows us to compare the expression profiles of a receptor protein in natural killer cells between donors infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) with one or two copies of the allele. Crucially, the distribution of gene expression in many of the donors is bimodal, indicative of the presence of a positive feedback somewhere in the regulatory environment of the gene. Three separate gene-circuit models differing in the location of the positive feedback with respect to the gene can all reproduce well the homozygous data. However, when the resulting fitted models are applied to the hemizygous donors, only one model (the one with the positive feedback located at the level of gene transcription) reproduces the experimentally observed gene-expression profile. In that way, our work shows that zygosity can help us relate structure and function of gene regulatory networks.Author SummaryNearly all mammalian cells, including human cells, have two copies of each chromosome, and thus possess two potentially different copies of each gene (which might be in some cases non-functional or even absent). Naïively one might expect that two identical copies of the gene would lead to the protein being expressed at twice the rate, but many factors can alter this simple calculation. One of these factors is the existence of feedback mechanisms affecting in one way or another the regulatory circuit in which our gene of interest is embedded. Here we study the relationship between the number of gene copies and the expression of a receptor protein that plays a crucial role in the recognition of pathogens by natural killer cells, which are important elements of the innate immune system. Experimental data of virus-infected donors reveals a bimodal expression profile of this receptor, typical of a positive feedback, and a clear difference between donors with one or two copies of the gene. Mathematical modeling allows us to find the likely location of the feedback loop within the gene’s regulatory circuit, by requiring the correct model to reproduce the expression profiles of both types of donors.
T cell co-stimulatory receptor CD28 is a primary target for PD-1–mediated inhibition
Authors: Hui Enfu , Cheung Jeanne , Zhu Jing , Su Xiaolei , Taylor Marcus J. , Wallweber Heidi A. , Sasmal Dibyendu K. , Huang Jun , Kim Jeong M. , Mellman Ira , Vale Ronald D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractProgrammed death-1 (PD-1) is a co-inhibitory receptor that suppresses T cell activation and is an important cancer immunotherapy target. Upon activation by its ligand PD-L1, PD-1 is thought to suppress signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR). Here, by titrating the strength of PD-1 signaling in both biochemical reconstitution systems and in T cells, we demonstrate that the coreceptor CD28 is strongly preferred over the TCR as a target for dephosphorylation by PD-1- recruited Shp2 phosphatase. We also show that PD-1 colocalizes with the costimulatory receptor CD28 in plasma membrane microclusters but partially segregates from the TCR. These results reveal that PD-1 suppresses T cell function primarily by inactivating CD28 signaling, suggesting that costimulatory pathways may play unexpected roles in regulating effector T cell function and therapeutic responses to anti-PD-L1/PD-1.
The exploration of the effective methods to evaluate the stripping ability of bacteriacide to SRB biofilm
Authors: Wu Yanan , Liu Hongfang , Zheng Bijuan , Qin Shuang , Chen Lei 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to study some effective evaluation methods for the biocide performance on sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) biofilm.

Design/methodology/approach
The most probable number method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), three-dimensional (3D) photos and epifluorescent microscopy were used in this study.

Findings
The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of them to sessile SRB were greatly more than planktonic SRB. The EIS of the two biocides indicated that the biofilm exposed to higher concentrations of biocide were much more compact and flat, which perfectly coincided with the SEM, 3D photos and the epifluorescent microscopies.

Originality/value
In this paper, it, thus, appears that these methods evaluating biocide performance on the SRB biofilm were really effective by comparing the performance of bis-quaternary ammonium salt (BAQS) and tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate.
E-pH diagrams for 316L stainless steel in chloride solutions containing SO42− ions
Authors: Chandra-ambhorn Somrerk , Wachirasiri Wisarut , Lothongkum Gobboon 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to construct the E-pH diagrams for AISI 316L stainless steel in chloride solutions containing SO42− ions and therefore investigate the role of SO42− ions on pitting corrosion of stainless steel.

Design/methodology/approach
A cyclic potentiodynamic polarisation method was performed to obtain polarisation curves at different pH. From these curves, corrosion, primary passivation, pitting and repassivation potentials were determined and plotted as a function of pH giving the E-pH diagram.

Findings
The addition of SO42− ions to 10,650 ppm NaCl solution up to 3,000 ppm widened the passivation regime of the E-pH diagram mainly by shifting the pitting corrosion potential to the noble direction. This indicated the inhibiting role of SO42− on the nucleation of new pits in the transpassive region. It also stabilised the pitting corrosion potential at the pH ranging from 5 to 11. However, at pH 7, it caused the pit area to increase, implying the catalytic role of SO42− on the pit growth. Finally, it did not change the types of ions dissolved in solutions after pitting.

Practical implications
The diagrams can be used as a guideline in industries to determine the passivation regime of the AISI 316L stainless steel in chloride- and sulphate-containing solutions.

Originality/value
This paper reported the E-pH diagrams for the AISI 316L stainless steel in chloride solutions containing SO42− ions. The roles of pH and SO42− ions on pitting corrosion were innovatively discussed using a point defect model.
Demographic determinants of usefulness of e-learning tools among students of public administration
Authors: Aristovnik Aleksander , Keržič Damijana , Tomaževič Nina , Umek Lan 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
In higher education, blended learning is already strongly established. The e-courses vary in their structure, assignments, prompt examinations, interaction between students and teachers, etc. Such aspects may influence the students’ perception of usefulness of blended learning. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors which influence that feeling and to look for possible differences in perception by different subgroups of students.

Design/methodology/approach
Students in the survey evaluated 13 aspects of e-courses in which they were enrolled. From enrolment documents, additional demographic data were collected (gender, high-school grade, study programme, etc.). A multiple linear regression was used with perceived usefulness as the response variable and the 12 other e-course aspects as predictors. Further, the same regression analysis was performed on different subgroups of students based on demographical data.

Findings
The empirical results showed that the general impression regarding the e-courses, their consistency with the face-to-face teaching and the teachers’ responsiveness had a significant influence on the students’ perception of the usefulness of e-courses. Further analysis based on demographic data revealed several subgroups of students where the perception of usefulness was influenced by different aspects. The teachers’ feedback and supplementing the tutorial play an important role in higher years of study, while the general impression loses its influence.

Originality/value
The paper is the first to explore the importance of demographic determinants of perceived usefulness of e-learning tools in EAPAA (European Association of Public Administration Accreditation)-accredited undergraduate public administration programmes.