bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection of the Retina from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by L-Carnitine in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Kocer I. , Kulacoglu D. , Altuntas I. , Gundogdu C. , Gullulu G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate the efficacy of L-carnitine in preventing retinal injury followed by ischemia-reperfusion. Methods The eyes of 34 guinea pigs were used in this experiment. The guinea pigs were divided into two groups: the first group (n= 17) was given L-carnitine intraperitoneally (500mg/kg) and second group (n=17) received the same dose of saline solution. Under general anesthesia, peritomy was performed. Retro-orbital tissues were ligated for 90 minutes and ischemia was induced, followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. One of the enucleated eye was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and retinal thicknesses were evaluated. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were determined in the retina of the other eye. Results Mean TBARS levels in retinal tissue were found lower in L-carnitine group (2.77 ± 0.55 μM) than in the control group (6.57 ± 1.19 μM), (p<0.01). On the other hand, mean retinal thickness was found to be increased in the control group (47.47 ± 5.62 μm) when compared to the L-carnitine group (26.52 ± 4.65 μm), (p<0.01). In correlation analysis, significantly positive relationships were found between retinal TBARS level and retinal thickness both in the control and L-carnitine groups (r=0.981, p<0.01 and r= 0.967, p<0.01 respectively). Conclusions. L-carnitine is effective in preventing retinal injury followed by ischemia-reperfusion.
Four Years Later: A Clinical Update on Latanoprost
Authors: Ravinet E. , Mermoud A. , Brignoli R. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Almost five years have elapsed since the introduction of latanoprost on several markets and considering the large number of publications dealing with it, the authors felt that it was worth re-evaluating the drug. Methods The criterion used to select trials for inclusion in the review was: all articles mentioning the drug in common electronic data-bases; these were then screened and considered, on the basis of methodological quality. Results Experimental data suggest that latanoprost acts by remodeling the extracellular matrix in the ciliary muscle, thus increasing the flow of aqueous humor through the ciliary muscle bundles of the uveoscleral pathway. POAG Latanoprost persistently improves the pulsatile ocular blood flow in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Recent trials confirmed the greater IOP-lowering efficacy of latanoprost vs. timolol, dorzolamide, brimonidine and unoprostone. Trials lasting up to 24 months showed that latanoprost is effective in long-term treatment of POAG and ocular hypertension (OH), with no signs of loss of efficacy when compared to timolol or dorzolamide. Latanoprost provides better control of circadian IOP. Non-responders to b-blockers should preferably be switched to latanoprost monotherapy before a combination therapy is started. The possibility of a fixed combination of latanoprost and timolol has been explored, with promising results. NTG Latanoprost is effective in normal tension glaucoma (NTG), lowering IOP, improving pulsatile ocular blood flow and increasing ocular perfusion pressure. Other Glaucomas Latanoprost may provide effective IOP control in angle-closure glaucoma after iridectomy, in pigmentary glaucoma, glaucoma after cataract extraction and steroid-induced glaucoma. However, latanoprost was effective in only a minority of pediatric cases of glaucoma and is contraindicated in all forms of uveitic glaucoma. Safety In the articles reviewed, new or duration-related adverse events were reported.
The Management of Giant Retinal Tears with Silicone Oil
Authors: Ünlü N. , Kocaoğlan H. , Acar M.A. , Sargin M. , Aslan B.S. , Duman S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the surgical success of vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade in the treatment of retinal detachment associated with giant retinal tears due to various factors. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 21 eyes of 21 patients with retinal tears 90° or greater that underwent vitrectomy, with injection of perfluorocarbon liquids and silicone oil tamponade. Eight eyes (38.1%) had previous ocular surgery (4 aphakia-pseudophakia, 4 pars plana vitrectomy), 4 eyes (19.0%) had a history of trauma (blunt injuries in 2 and penetrating injury in 2), 3 (14.3%) had high myopia. Six eyes (28.6%) had no known condition predisposing to development of giant retinal tear. Results Retinal attachment was obtained in 17 (80.5%) of 21 eyes, with a mean follow-up of 12.5 months. Visual acuity improved in 15 eyes (71.4%). Conclusions Pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade proved highly effective in giant retinal tears in terms of anatomical and functional results.
Management of Free Floating Iris Cysts in the Anterior Chamber: A Case Report
Authors: Öner H.F. , Kaynak S. , Koçak N. , Çingil G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To present a case with free iris cysts in the anterior chamber and its management with YAG laser. Case Report A 14-year-old boy presenting with the complaint of seeing a small ball-like moving mass in his left eye. Results Slit-lamp examination revealed a pair of free-floating iris cysts located inferiorly in the anterior chamber. After YAG laser application both the cysts collapsed. Conclusions This is the first report of a case with multiple free iris cysts in the anterior chamber. Considering the possibility of endothelial damage in the long term, it is worth noting the favorable response to YAG laser treatment.
Lens Epithelial Cells Express CD95 and CD95 Ligand Treatment Induces Cell death and DNA Fragmentation in Vitro
Authors: Hueber A. , Eichholtz C.D. , Kociok N. , Esser J.M. , Esser P.J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Despite advances in intraocular lens design and material, posterior capsule opacification remains one of the major problems in modern cataract surgery. Therefore, the use of antiproliferative agents has been advocated. CD95 ligand (CD95L, Fas, Apo-1) is a death ligand that triggers apoptosis in susceptible target cells. Apoptosis allows for the safe disposal of cells without damaging the surrounding tissue. The goal of this study was to characterize and evaluate CD95L-induced cell death in cultured lens epithelial cells (LEC). Methods Expression of CD95 in untreated porcine LEC was investigated by flow cyto metry. Cell death after CD95L or CD95 agonistic antibody treatment was assessed by crystal violet assay and DNA fragmentation was measured by comet assay. Results The presence of CD95 was observed in LEC. CD95L treatment resulted in a time-and concentration-dependent killing of LEC, which was synergistically enhanced by the addition of cyclohexamide. CD95L treatment induced DNA fragmentation. Conclusions The present study confirms the use of apoptosis-inducing CD95L in the inhibition of LEC proliferation. Further studies are needed before clinical application of CD95L to inhibit posterior capsule opacification will be feasible.
Primary Vitrectomy for Pseudophakic Retinal Detachment: A Prospective Non-Randomized Study
Authors: Pournaras C.J. , Kapetanios A.D. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the anatomic and functional results of primary vitrectomy alone or vitrectomy-scleral buckling for pseudophakic retinal detachment (RD). Vitrectomy permits a detailed view of the peripheral retina, so otherwise undetectable holes or additional small lesions can be found which, left untreated, may cause a residual RD. Patients and Methods Twenty-four consecutive pseudophakic eyes with pseudophakic RD were operated by vitrectomy and encircling band (Group I) and 27 additional cases were operated on by vitrectomy alone (Group II). Internal subretinal fluid drainage, using liquid perfluoro-n-octane, endolaser, and/or cryocoagulation and fluid-air exchange with SF6 20%, was applied in all cases. Preoperative findings and intraoperative and postoperative complications as well as final results were analyzed. Results Preoperatively undetected retinal holes were identified in 7 of the 51 eyes and additional retinal holes were found in 21. The mean follow-up was 14 months for Group I and 11.5 months for Group II. The retina was successfully reattached with a single operation in 22 of 24 eyes (92%) in Group I. One eye had a recurrence of RD due to an unsuccessfully treated preexisting retinal tear. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was observed in one case with recurrence of RD. In both cases, a second operation achieved retinal reattachment. In Group II, the retinas were attached with a single operation and visual acuity improved by an average of four or more lines in 62.5% of the vitrectomy-buckling group and in 55.5% of the vitrectomy group. The most frequent complication was a transient hypertony, in 21 cases. Conclusions Surgical treatment of pseudophakic RD, combining vitrectomy and scleral buckling or vitrectomy alone, achieves very good anatomic and functional results. The advantages include more efficient detection of the peripheral detachment causing retinal lesions, and a lower redetachment rate than after extraocular surgery only.
Tear Function Tests and Conjunctival Impression Cytology before and after Hormone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Pelit A. , Bağiş T. , Kayaselçuk F. , Dursun D. , Akova Y. , Aydin P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on postmenopausal tear function and the conjunctival epithelium. Methods Schirmer I-Jones test, tear film break-up time (BUT), and impression cytology findings were analyzed in 34 eyes of 17 women who were at least two years postmenopausal and not taking HRT. This series of tests was repeated after three months on HRT. Results The patients' average age was 53.82 ± 3.6 years, and the mean time postmenopause was 35.29 ± 11.59 months. There was no significant difference in the Schirmer I-Jones test results before and after three months of HRT (p > 0.05). However, the BUT (p<0.05) and impression cytology (p<0.05) findings were significantly affected by HRT. Conclusions HRT may alleviate postmenopausal dry eye symptoms by increasing goblet cell density.
Impression Cytology and Ocular Characteristics in Ocular Rosacea
Authors: Koçak-altintas A.G. , Kocak-midillioğlu I. , Gül U. , Bilezikci B. , Isiksaçan O. , Duman S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To examine clinical findings and histologic changes on the conjunctival surface in ocular rosacea. Methods Thirty-five patients with ocular rosacea and 30 normal subjects underwent dermatologic and ocular examinations. Tear film break-up time, Schirmer tests with and without topical anesthesia, and conjunctival impression cytology were done. Patients were divided into the following groups according to quantity of ocular signs: mild (Group 1), moderate (Group 2), and severe (Group 3). Impression cytology was performed on both upper-bulbar and intrapalpebral inferonasal-bulbar conjunctiva. Results Patients had significant cell alteration on the conjunctival surface compared with normal eyes. The most frequent ocular signs and symptoms were feelings of dryness and blepharitis. Average tear break-up times for patients with ocular rosacea were 8.2 seconds in Group 1, 5.69 seconds in Group 2, and 5 seconds in Group 3 (17.2 seconds in normal subjects). Schirmer test results with anesthesia were 11.5 mm, 7.6 mm, and 5.0 mm, and without anesthesia were 14.8 mm, 13.6 mm, and 7.0 mm, in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. These results were 18.7 mm with anesthesia and 24.7 mm without anesthesia in normal controls. Schirmer tests and tear film break-up time were significantly lower in patients with ocular rosacea than in normal controls (p<0.05). Impression cytology showed that both upper bulbar and inferonasal interpalpebral bulbar ocular surface had significant cell alterations compared with those obtained from normal subjects. Conclusions Patients with ocular rosacea not only had decreased tear production but also tear instability. Ocular surface epithelium had significant degeneration in patients compared with normal subjects.
Outcome of Temporary Silicone Oil Tamponade in Complex Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Abu El-Asrar A.M. , Al-Bishi S.M. , Kangave D. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the anatomic and visual outcomes and complications of temporary silicone oil (SO) retinal tamponade in patients with complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RD). Methods The retrospective study included 100 eyes of 93 consecutive patients. Indications for the use of SO were proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) (30 eyes), difficult RD (30 eyes), giant retinal tears (17 eyes), RD after penetrating trauma (14 eyes), and macular holes in highly myopic eyes (9 eyes). Vitrectomy surgery was performed with 5000-centistoke SO as the retinal tamponade. All eyes underwent prophylactic 360° retinopexy at the time of the retinal reattachment operation. The mean duration of SO tamponade was 26.4 weeks, with a mean follow-up of 67.5 weeks after removal of SO. Results In 6 of 100 eyes (6%), the retina redetached after removal of SO. Including the successfully reoperated eyes, the final anatomic success rate was 96%. Other complications were cataract (61%), increased intraocular pressure (13%), hypotony (4%), keratopathy (4%), intravitreal hemorrhage (1%), and suprachoroidal hemorrhage (1%). Corespondence analysis demonstrated that redetatchment and hypotony were associated with PVR and trauma. Overall, good visual outcome (20/200 or better) was achieved in 51% of the whole study group, and in 70.6% of eyes with giant tears, 62.1% of eyes with difficult RD, 44.8% of eyes with PVR, 33.3% of eyes with macular holes, and 28.6% of eyes with trauma (p=0.0382). Logistic regression analysis identified initial visual acuity of 20/200 or better as a factor associated with good visual outcome and occurrence of retinal redetachment/hypotony and old age (≥50 years) as factors negatively associated with good visual outcome. Conclusions The low redetachment rate might be due to prophylactic 360° retinopexy. Giant tears had the best visual outcome. Redetachment/hypotony had a negative impact on achievement of good visual outcome and were associated with PVR and trauma.
Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide as Treatment of Ischemic Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Jonas J.B. , Kreissig I. , Degenring R.F. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe the clinical course of a patient receiving repeated intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide (25 mg) as treatment of ischemic ophthalmopathy. Methods A 70-year-old patient with Waldenström disease presented with progressive iris neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, and ocular hypotony due to ischemic ophthalmopathy. Visual acuity was 0.05. Within 2.5 years, he received three intravitreal injections of 25 mg of triamcinolone acetonide. Additionally, penetrating keratoplasty and synechiolysis were performed during the follow-up. Results After each intravitreal injection, visual acuity and intraocular pressure increased, iris neovascularization regressed, and vitreous haze cleared up. Conclusions Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide may induce regression of iris neovascularization, increase intraocular pressure, and improve visual acuity in eyes presenting with ocular hypotony, vitreous hemorrhage, and progressive intraocular neovascularization due to ischemic ophthalmopathy.
Filamentary Keratopathy: A Non-Contact Photomicrographic in Vivo Study in the Human Cornea
Authors: Tabery H.M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate in vivo morphology of corneal filaments. Materials and Methods Over a 12-year period, 19 patients with corneal filaments (7 with keratoconjunctivitis sicca and 12 with other surface diseases) were examined with the slit lamp and photographed by non-contact photomicrography. Results The filaments appeared as variously long and thick threads, attached at one or both ends to the surface and carrying various amounts of granular and amorphous material. The attachment points and their surroundings showed abnormal cells and diffusion of tear fluid stained green with fluorescein sodium. The underlying stroma appeared normal. The remaining epithelium often showed abnormal surface cells and/or edematous or cystic changes. Conclusions The in vivo morphology of filamentary keratopathy is consistent with aggregations of mucus and cell debris adhering to the corneal surface. The underlying diseases seem to have in common corneal epithelial edema. The nature of additional factors, or their combination, precipitating mucus adherence to the surface is not clear.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis and Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Leonardi A. , Brun P. , Tavolato M. , Plebani M. , Abatangelo G. , Secchi A.G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To quantify the presence of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in allergic conjunctivitis. Materials and Methods Tears and peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC, n=6), vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC, n=12), and normal subjects (CT, n=12). From an additional six nonactive allergic patients, tears were collected before and after specific conjunctival allergen challenge (CAC). Upper tarsal conjunctival biopsies were obtained from five CT and five VKC patients. TNF-α in tears was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay and identified in tissues by immunohistochemistry. Results Tear TNF-α levels in VKC patients were significantly increased compared to CT (p=0.03), and were significantly correlated with the severity of the disease. No differences were found between SAC and CT tear samples. TNF-α serum levels were higher in VKC than CT; however, this difference was not statistically significant. After CAC, tear TNF-a levels were found increased in only one of six patients. In VKC tissues, TNF-α positive cells were significantly increased compared to CT (p=0.03). Conclusions TNF-α may have a significant role in severe forms of allergic conjunctivitis.
Herpes Simplex Virus Acute Retinal Necrosis during Pregnancy
Authors: Chiquet C. , Thuret G. , Poitevin-Later F. , Gain P. , Najioullah F. , Denis P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose As pregnancy is liable to modify immune response, the authors explored the immune functions of a pregnant patient with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) to ascertain whether pregnancy may promote the onset of infection. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in ocular, uterus cervix, and cerebrospinal fluid samples. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured for 72 hours with mitogens and cellular proliferation was assessed using (methyl-3H) thymidine incorporation. Flow cytometry was performed for T, B, and NK cell count using CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8 (T cells), CD19, CD20 (B cells), and a combination of CD3–CD16 and CD56 monoclonal antibodies (NK cells). Results Unilateral ARN, with a confluent peripheral necrotizing retinitis extending throughout the entire retina, was diagnosed clinically. The herpetic infection (herpes simplex virus 1) was confirmed using PCR of aqueous humor specimen. The immunologic study performed during and after pregnancy showed that T and B lymphocytes were quantitatively normal and responses to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed mitogens were weaker during pregnancy. Conclusions A reduced response to mitogens, with postdelivery normalization, was noted in a pregnant woman with an ARN syndrome. Further studies are needed to explore the antigen-specific immune deviation in pregnant patients with ARN.
Sequential Combined Therapy for Treatment of Choroidal Neovascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Photodynamic Therapy and Thermal Laser Photocoagulation
Authors: Ruiz-Moreno J.M. , Montero J.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To analyze the results achieved after treating extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) recurrences with thermal laser photocoagulation (TLP) in patients who had previously undergone photodynamic therapy (PDT). Patients and Methods Seven eyes (seven patients: four women and three men) that had been initially treated by PDT for CNV associated with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and then developed extrafoveal recurrences were treated with green argon TLP. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation and fluorescein angiography. Mean age was 74.4±4.4 years (range, 69 to 81 years). Five right eyes and two left eyes were treated. Mean follow-up after the beginning of the treatment with PDT was 18.0±3.5 months (range, 11 to 22 months). Follow-up after TLP was 6.8±1.0 months (range, 6 to 8 months). Results Mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before treatment was 20/150 (range 20/400 to 20/40). After PDT it was 20/281 (range, 20/400 to 20/80), with a mean of 3.1±0.8 treatments (range, 2 to 4). After TLP, BCVA was 20/233 (range, 20/400 to 20/80), with no statistically significant difference from BCVA after PDT (p=0.06, Student's t-test paired data). In all cases total closure of CNV was achieved after only one session of TLP. Conclusions TLP could be helpful in association with multiple sessions of PDT in order to achieve a complete closure of subfoveal CNV secondary to ARMD. Further studies are required to confirm our findings.
Short-Term Reaction of Choroidal Neovascularization and Choriocapillaris to Photodynamic Therapy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Eter N. , Vogel A. , Inhetvin-Hutter C. , Spitznas M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To identify the number of primary angiographic nonresponders to photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin, to determine the rate and speed of reperfusion of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) within a short observation period of only 5 weeks, and to examine the reaction of the underlying choroidal vessels. Methods PDT according to the TAP regimen was carried out in 36 eyes with subfoveal classic CNV secondary to age-related macular degeneration. The response to PDT was examined 1 (T1) and 5 (T2) weeks following treatment. At all visits distant visual acuity was measured and both fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography was carried out. Results One week after treatment (T1), complete closure of classic CNV had not been achieved in 17% of eyes (primary angiographic nonresponders). At T2, 91% of eyes showed reperfusion of the CNV. In 83% of the primary angiographic nonresponders the CNV size was larger than before treatment. Choroidal shadowing was present in 82% at T1 and in 48% at T2. Conclusions Primary angiographic PDT nonresponders are relatively rare; however, in contrast to former reports, they exist and can be identified by follow-up examination 1 week after PDT. Recurrence of leakage occurred earlier than expected and may require closer follow-up and earlier retreatment than recommended by the TAP trial.