bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of pollen consumption on honey bee (Apis mellifera) digestive physiology and carbohydrate metabolism
Authors: Ricigliano Vincent A. , Fitz William , Copeland Duan C. , Mott Brendon M. , Maes Patrick , Floyd Amy S. , Dockstader Arnold , Anderson Kirk E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCarbohydrate‐active enzymes play an important role in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) due to its dietary specialization on plant‐based nutrition. Secretory glycoside hydrolases (GHs) produced in worker head glands aid in the processing of floral nectar into honey and are expressed in accordance with age‐based division of labor. Pollen utilization by the honey bee has been investigated in considerable detail, but little is known about the metabolic fate of indigestible carbohydrates and glycosides in pollen biomass. Here, we demonstrate that pollen consumption stimulates the hydrolysis of sugars that are toxic to the bee (xylose, arabinose, mannose). GHs produced in the head accumulate in the midgut and persist in the hindgut that harbors a core microbial community composed of approximately 108 bacterial cells. Pollen consumption significantly impacted total and specific bacterial abundance in the digestive tract. Bacterial isolates representing major fermentative gut phylotypes exhibited primarily membrane‐bound GH activities that may function in tandem with soluble host enzymes retained in the hindgut. Additionally, we found that plant‐originating β‐galactosidase activity in pollen may be sufficient, in some cases, for probable physiological activity in the gut. These findings emphasize the potential relative contributions of host, bacteria, and pollen enzyme activities to carbohydrate breakdown, which may be tied to gut microbiome dynamics and associated host nutrition.
A Multiple Structure‐Design Strategy towards Ultrathin Niobate Perovskite Nanosheets with Thickness‐Dependent Photocatalytic Hydrogen‐Evolution Performance
Authors: Zhou Yannan , Wen Ting , Zhang Xiaofan , Chang Binbin , Kong Weiqian , Guo Yanzhen , Yang Baocheng , Wang Yonggang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHydrogen production by catalytic water splitting using sunlight holds great promise for clean and sustainable energy source. Despite the efforts made in the past decades, challenges still exist in pursuing solid catalysts with light‐harvesting capacity, large surface areas and efficient utilities of the photogenerated carrier, at the same time. Here, a multiple structure design strategy leading to highly enhanced photocatalytic performance on hydrogen production from water splitting in Dion–Jacobson perovskites KCa2Nan‐3NbnO3n+1 is described. Specifically, chemical doping (N/Nb4+) of the parent oxides via ammoniation improved the ability of sunlight harvesting efficiently; subsequent liquid exfoliation of the doped perovskites yielded ultrathin [Ca2Nan‐3NbnO3n+1]− nanosheets with greatly increased surface areas. Significantly, the maximum hydrogen evolution appears in the n=4 nanosheets, which suggests the most favorable thickness for charge separation in such perovskite‐type catalysts. The optimized black N/Nb4+‐[Ca2NaNb4O13]− nanosheets show greatly enhanced photocatalytic performance, as high as 973 μmol h−1 with Pt loading, on hydrogen evolution from water splitting. As a proof‐of‐concept, this work highlights the feasibility of combining various chemical strategies towards better catalysts and precise thickness control of two‐dimensional materials.
A comparison of group prediction approaches in longitudinal discriminant analysis
Authors: Hughes David M. , El Saeiti Riham , García‐Fiñana Marta 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLongitudinal discriminant analysis (LoDA) can be used to classify patients into prognostic groups based on their clinical history, which often involves longitudinal measurements of various clinically relevant markers. Patients' longitudinal data is first modelled using multivariate generalised linear mixed models, allowing markers of different types (e.g. continuous, binary, counts) to be modelled simultaneously. We describe three approaches to calculating a patient's posterior group membership probabilities which have been outlined in previous studies, based on the marginal distribution of the longitudinal markers, conditional distribution and distribution of the random effects. Here we compare the three approaches, first using data from the Mayo Primary Biliary Cirrhosis study and then by way of simulation study to explore in which situations each of the three approaches is expected to give the best prediction. We demonstrate situations in which the marginal or random‐effects approach perform well, but find that the conditional approach offers little extra information to the random‐effects and marginal approaches.
DMSO Chemically Alters Cell Membranes to Slow Exocytosis and Increase the Fraction of Partial Transmitter Released
Authors: Majdi Soodabeh , Najafinobar Neda , Dunevall Johan , Lovric Jelena , Ewing Andrew G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is frequently used as a solvent in biological studies and as a vehicle for drug therapy; but the side effects of DMSO, especially on the cell environment, are not well understood, and controls with DMSO are not neutral at higher concentrations. Herein, electrochemical measurement techniques are applied to show that DMSO increases exocytotic neurotransmitter release, while leaving vesicular contents unchanged. In addition, the kinetics of release from DMSO‐treated cells are faster than that of untreated ones. The results suggest that DMSO has a significant influence on the chemistry of the cell membrane, leading to alteration of exocytosis. A speculative chemical mechanism of the effect on the fusion pore during exocytosis is presented.
Deconstructing Quinoline‐Class Antimalarials to Identify Fundamental Physicochemical Properties of Beta‐Hematin Crystal Growth Inhibitors
Authors: Olafson Katy N. , Nguyen Tam Q. , Vekilov Peter G. , Rimer Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA versatile approach to control crystallization involves the use of modifiers, which are additives that interact with crystal surfaces and alter their growth rates. Elucidating a modifier's binding specificity to anisotropic crystal surfaces is a ubiquitous challenge that is critical to their design. In this study, we select hematin, a byproduct of malaria parasites, as a model system to examine the complementarity of modifiers (i.e., antimalarial drugs) to β‐hematin crystal surfaces. We divide two antimalarials, chloroquine and amodiaquine, into segments consisting of a quinoline base, common to both drugs, and side chains that differentiate their modes of action. Using a combination of scanning probe microscopy, bulk crystallization, and analytical techniques, we show that the base and side chain work synergistically to reduce the rate of hematin crystallization. In contrast to general observations that modifiers retain their function upon segmentation, we show that the constituents do not act as modifiers. A systematic study of quinoline isomers and analogues shows how subtle rearrangement and removal of functional moieties can create effective constituents from previously ineffective modifiers, along with tuning their inhibitory modes of action. These findings highlight the importance of specific functional moieties in drug compounds, leading to an improved understanding of modifier–crystal interactions that could prove to be applicable to the design of new antimalarials.
Home monitoring after ambulatory implanted primary cardiac implantable electronic devices: The home ambulance pilot study
Authors: Parahuleva Mariana S. , Soydan Nedim , Divchev Dimitar , Lüsebrink Ulrich , Schieffer Bernhard , Erdogan Ali 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe Home Monitoring (HM) system of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) permits early detection of arrhythmias or device system failures. The aim of this pilot study was to examine how the safety and efficacy of the HM system in patients after ambulatory implanted primary CIEDs compare to patients with a standard procedure and hospitalization.HypothesisWe hypothesized that HM and their modifications would be a useful extension of the present concepts for ambulatory implanted CIEDs.MethodsThis retrospective analysis evaluates telemetric data obtained from 364 patients in an ambulatory single center over 6 years. Patients were assigned to an active group (n = 217), consisting of those who were discharged early on the day of implantation of the primary CIED, or to a control group (n = 147), consisting of those discharged and followed up with the HM system according to usual medical practices.ResultsThe mean duration of hospitalization was 73.2% shorter in the active group than in the control group, corresponding to 20.5 ± 13 fewer hours (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.3‐29.5; P < 0.01) spent in the hospital (7.5 ± 1.5 vs 28 ± 4.5 h). This shorter mean hospital stay was attributable to a 78.8% shorter postoperative period in the active group. The proportion of patients with treatment‐related adverse events was 11% (n = 23) in the active group and 17% (n = 25) in the control group (95% CI: 5.5‐8.3; P = 0.061). This 6% absolute risk reduction (95% CI: 3.3‐9.1; P = 0.789) confirmed the noninferiority of the ambulatory implanted CIED when compared with standard management of these patients.ConclusionsEarly discharge with the HM system after ambulatory CIED implantation was safe and not inferior to the classic medical procedure. Thus, together with lower costs, HM and its modifications would be a useful extension of the present concepts for ambulatory implanted CIEDs.
A pattern‐based risk‐stratification scheme for salivary gland cytology: A multi‐institutional, interobserver variability study to determine applicability
Authors: Griffith Christopher C. , Schmitt Alessandra C. , Pantanowitz Liron , Monaco Sara E. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDSalivary gland aspiration cytology is useful in the preoperative management of patients but remains challenging, because of the extensive morphologic overlap of some tumors limits the ability to always determine the presence of malignancy. In response to this challenge, there has been increasing drive to develop a risk‐based categorization scheme for salivary gland aspirates. Herein, the authors examine the interobserver variability of 1 such pattern and risk‐based system.METHODSSelect smears and cell‐block sections of 50 salivary gland aspirates from 2 large academic centers were digitally imaged. These scanned slides were independently and blindly reviewed by 4 cytopathologists, and each aspirate was assigned to 1 of the proposed pattern‐based categories if it was considered neoplastic by the observer. Interobserver agreement was scored and aggregated risks of malignancy were calculated for cases with available surgical follow‐up.RESULTSIn total, 42 samples (84%) were considered neoplastic by at least 2 observers and were scored for interobserver agreement: 10 of 42 (23.8%) had uniform agreement, 14 of 42 (33.3%) had majority agreement, and 5 of 42 (11.9%) had divided agreement. Only 9 of 42 samples (21.4%) had minimal agreement, and 4 of 42 (9.5%) had no agreement. Condensation of similar categories was able to improve interobserver agreement and still maintain stratified risk of malignancy.CONCLUSIONSThe proposed pattern‐based risk‐stratification scheme, which could be implemented with the forthcoming Milan System, has good overall interobserver agreement and successfully stratifies the risk of malignancy. Some simplification is possible to make the system easier to use and improve interobserver agreement while maintaining stratification of risk. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:776‐85. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Probing Laser‐Induced Heterogeneous Microenvironment Changes in Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Ma Renjun , Wang Xian , Jie Jialong , Yan Linyin , Kuang Zhuoran , Guo Qianjin , Li Boxuan , Xia Andong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractModulating the heterogeneous microenvironment in room‐temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) by external stimuli is an important approach for understanding and designing external field‐induced chemical reactions in natural and applied systems. Here, we report for the first time the redistribution of oxygen molecules related to microstructure changes in RTILs induced by an external laser field, which is probed simultaneously by the triplet‐state dynamics of porphyrin. A remarkably long‐lived triplet state of porphyrin is observed with changes of microstructures after irradiation, suggesting that charge‐shifted O2 molecules are induced by the external field and/or rearranged intrinsic ions move from nonpolar domains into the polar domains of RTILs through electrostatic interactions. The results suggest that heterogeneous systems like ionic liquids in the presence of external stimuli can be designed for reaction systems associated with not only O2 but also for CO2, CS2, etc. and many other similar solvent molecules for many promising applications.
Wacker Oxidation of Terminal Alkenes Over ZrO2‐Supported Pd Nanoparticles Under Acid‐ and Cocatalyst‐Free Conditions
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhong , Kumamoto Yuhya , Hashiguchi Taishin , Mamba Tetsuya , Murayama Haruno , Yamamoto Eiji , Ishida Tamao , Honma Tetsuo , Tokunaga Makoto 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHighly efficient Wacker oxidation of aromatic or aliphatic terminal alkenes into methyl ketones and benzofurans is developed by using reusable Pd0 nanoparticles (NPs) supported on ZrO2 under acid‐ and cocatalyst‐free conditions. Molecular oxygen or air can be utilized as the terminal oxidant, which results in the formation of H2O as the only theoretical byproduct. The activation of the Pd NPs by O2 plays an important role in promoting this reaction. Interestingly, PdO supported on ZrO2 showed no activity. Additionally, the Pd particle size significantly affects the catalytic activity, with an apparent optimal diameter of 4–12 nm. In addition to the heterogeneous catalyst forms, the Pd NPs can be generated from a Pd0 complex during the reaction, and these particles are even recyclable.
Angelica Lactones: From Biomass‐Derived Platform Chemicals to Value‐Added Products
Authors: Lima Carolina G. S. , Monteiro Julia L. , de Melo Lima Thiago , Weber Paixão Marcio , Corrêa Arlene G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe upgrading of biomass‐derived compounds has arisen in recent years as a very promising research field in both academia and industry. In this sense, a lot of new processes and products have been developed, often involving levulinic acid as a starting material or intermediate. In the last few years, though, other scaffolds have been receiving growing attention, especially, angelica lactones. Considering these facts and the emergent applications of said molecules, in this review we will discuss their preparation and applications; the use of these frameworks as starting materials in organic synthesis to produce potential bioactive compounds will be covered, as will their use as a foundation to highly regarded compounds such as liquid alkanes with prospective use as fuels and polymers.
“What” and “where” was when? Memory for the temporal order of episodic events in children
Authors: Scarf Damian , Boden Hannah , Labuschagne Lisa G. , Gross Julien , Hayne Harlene 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the past, researchers have shown that the individual components of episodic memory (i.e “what,” “where,” and “when”) may emerge at different points in development. Specifically, while children as young as three can accurately report the “what” and “where” of an event, they struggle to accurately report when the event occurred. One explanation for children's difficulty in reporting when an event took place is a rudimentary understanding, and ability to use, temporal terms. In the current experiment, we employed a physical timeline to aid children's reporting of the order in which a series of episodic events occurred. Overall, while 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐year olds performed above chance, 3‐year olds did not. Our findings suggest that 3‐year olds’ limited ability to produce temporal terms may not be the rate‐limiting step preventing them from identifying when events occurred in their recent past.
Simultaneous monitoring of maternal and fetal heart rate variability during labor in relation with fetal gender
Authors: Gonçalves Hernâni , Fernandes Diana , Pinto Paula , Ayres‐de‐Campos Diogo , Bernardes João 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMale gender is considered a risk factor for several adverse perinatal outcomes. Fetal gender effect on fetal heart rate (FHR) has been subject of several studies with contradictory results. The importance of maternal heart rate (MHR) monitoring during labor has also been investigated, but less is known about the effect of fetal gender on MHR. The aim of this study is to simultaneously assess maternal and FHR variability during labor in relation with fetal gender. Simultaneous MHR and FHR recordings were obtained from 44 singleton term pregnancies during the last 2 hr of labor (H1,H2). Heart rate tracings were analyzed using linear (time‐ and frequency‐domain) and nonlinear indices. Both linear and nonlinear components were considered in assessing FHR and MHR interaction, including cross‐sample entropy (cross‐SampEn). Mothers carrying male fetuses (n = 22) had significantly higher values for linear indices related with MHR average and variability and sympatho‐vagal balance, while the opposite occurred in the high‐frequency component and most nonlinear indices. Significant differences in FHR were only observed in H1 with higher entropy values in female fetuses. Assessing the differences between FHR and MHR, statistically significant differences were obtained in most nonlinear indices between genders. A significantly higher cross‐SampEn was observed in mothers carrying female fetuses (n = 22), denoting lower synchrony or similarity between MHR and FHR. The variability of MHR and the synchrony/similarity between MHR and FHR vary with respect to fetal gender during labor. These findings suggest that fetal gender needs to be taken into account when simultaneously monitoring MHR and FHR.
Mammal diversity and metacommunity dynamics in urban green spaces: implications for urban wildlife conservation
Authors: Gallo Travis , Fidino Mason , Lehrer Elizabeth W. , Magle Seth B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAs urban growth expands and natural environments fragment, it is essential to understand the ecological roles fulfilled by urban green spaces. To evaluate how urban green spaces function as wildlife habitat, we estimated mammal diversity and metacommunity dynamics in city parks, cemeteries, golf courses, and natural areas throughout the greater Chicago, Illinois, USA region. We found similar α‐diversity (with the exception of city parks), but remarkably dissimilar communities in different urban green spaces. Additionally, the type of urban green space greatly influenced species colonization and persistence rates. For example, coyotes (Canis latrans) had the highest, but white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) the lowest probability of persistence in golf courses compared to other green space types. Further, most species had a difficult time colonizing city parks even when sites were seemingly available. Our results indicate that urban green spaces contribute different, but collectively important, habitats for maintaining and conserving biodiversity in cities.
Safety and tolerability of lacosamide monotherapy in the elderly: A subgroup analysis from lacosamide trials in diabetic neuropathic pain
Authors: Bainbridge Jacquelyn , De Backer Marc , Eckhardt Klaus , Tennigkeit Frank , Bongardt Sabine , Sen David , Werhahn Konrad J. , Shaibani Aziz , Faught Edward 
Published: August 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo assess the safety profile of lacosamide monotherapy in elderly (≥65 years) subjects with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP).MethodsOf 1,863 DNP subjects in double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trials of lacosamide monotherapy (NCT00861445, NCT00235469, NCT00238524, NCT00135109, NCT00350103), 502 were elderly. Safety data from elderly subjects were compared with that of younger subjects (<65 years) within these DNP trials. It should be noted that lacosamide is approved for the treatment of focal (partial‐onset) seizures; it is not approved/recommended for the treatment of DNP.ResultsOverall, cardiovascular diseases were prevalent in the DNP population, as was the use of cardiac, blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol‐lowering medications among both young and elderly subjects. The most frequently reported adverse events (AEs) for lacosamide monotherapy (200, 400, and 600 mg/day combined) in elderly versus younger subjects were dizziness (16.2% vs. 13.2%), nausea (10.0% vs. 9.4%), and headache (8.0% vs. 8.7%). Incidences of cardiac disorder AEs were higher in elderly versus younger subjects receiving placebo (6.2% vs. 3.9%), lacosamide 200 (4.8% vs. 3.3%), lacosamide 400 (7.0% vs. 4.1%), and lacosamide 600 mg/day (7.7% vs. 4.0%). Discontinuation rates because of any AE in the elderly versus younger subjects were similar for placebo (8.8% vs. 7.0%) and lacosamide 200 mg/day (9.6% vs. 11.9%) and higher for lacosamide 400 (25.1% vs. 10.8%) and lacosamide 600 mg/day (52.7% vs. 28.3%).SignificanceLacosamide monotherapy was well tolerated in elderly subjects with DNP, with an overall AE profile consistent with that reported in epilepsy trials.
Offshore aeolian sediment transport across a human‐modified foredune
Authors: Nordstrom Karl F. , Jackson Nancy L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractConcepts derived from previous studies of offshore winds on natural dunes are evaluated on a dune maintained for shore protection during three offshore wind events. The potential for offshore winds to form a lee‐side eddy on the backshore or transfer sediment from the dune and berm crest to the water are evaluated, as are differences in wind speed and sediment transport on the dune crest, berm crest and a pedestrian access gap.The dune is 18–20 m wide near the base and has a crest 4.5 m above backshore elevation. Two sand‐trapping fences facilitate accretion. Data were obtained from wind vanes on the crest and lee of the dune and anemometers and sand traps placed across the dune, on the beach berm crest and in the access gap. Mean wind direction above the dune crest varied from 11 to 3 deg from shore normal. No persistent recirculation eddy occurred on the 12 deg seaward slope. Wind speed on the berm crest was 85–89% of speed at the dune crest, but rates of sediment transport were 2.27 times greater during the strongest winds, indicating that a wide beach overcomes the transport limitation of a dune barrier. Limited transport on the seaward dune ramp indicates that losses to the water are mostly from the backshore, not the dune. The seaward slope gains sand from the landward slope and dune crest. Sand fences causing accretion on the dune ramp during onshore winds lower the seaward slope and reduce the likelihood of detached flows during offshore winds. Transport rates are higher in access gaps than on the dune crest despite lower wind speeds because of flatter slopes and absence of vegetation. Transport rates across dunes and through gaps can be reduced using vegetation and raised walkover structures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.