bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional condition drives spatial variation in physiology of Antarctic lipid‐storing copepods
Authors: Berger Cory A. , Steinberg Deborah K. , Tarrant Ann M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLipid‐rich copepods form an essential link between primary producers and higher trophic levels in high‐latitude oceans. These zooplankton can take advantage of ephemeral phytoplankton blooms to fuel development and reproduction. However, we have limited understanding of how the physiological condition of these animals varies in relation to environmental factors such as food availability. Due to high advection, it is likely that physiological plasticity, rather than local adaptation, is primarily responsible for physiological differences within a region. We use transcriptomics and other physiological metrics to understand how two species of copepods (Calanoides acutus and Calanus propinquus) vary across environmental gradients along the West Antarctic Peninsula. For the primarily herbivorous C. acutus, physiological separation between sampling locations appears to be driven by feeding status, and gene expression differences indicate differential expression of genes regulating lipid metabolism, reproduction, aerobic metabolism, and protein translation. For the more omnivorous C. propinquus, physiology and gene expression did not segregate as clearly by location, showed minimal signs of food deprivation at any location, and had a weaker relationship with chlorophyll compared to C. acutus. By comparing these results with concurrent starvation experiments, we find that spatial variation in gene expression reflects short‐term differences in food availability (particularly for C. acutus), and we identify genes whose expression indicates recent feeding status. Further examination of the relationships between food availability, copepod physiology, and population dynamics will ultimately improve our capacity to predict how copepod populations will respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions in the West Antarctic Peninsula ecosystem.
CD38high/HLA‐DR+CD8+ T lymphocytes display pathogen‐specific expansion regardless of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Lodi Lorenzo , Sarli Walter Maria , Ricci Silvia , Pisano Laura , Boscia Silvia , Mastrolia Maria Vincenza , Malinconi Sara , Fusco Eleonora , Sieni Elena , Indolfi Giuseppe , Simonini Gabriele , Galli Luisa , Azzari Chiara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe characteristic expansion of T CD38high/HLA‐DR+CD8+ lymphocytes observed in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) proved able to distinguish HLH/MAS from sepsis and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. However, the performance of this marker in differentiating HLH/MAS from other pediatric febrile conditions with similar clinical onset and yet entirely different treatments remains unexplored. CD38high/HLA‐DR+CD8+ frequencies measured in the peripheral fresh blood of pediatric patients attended for suspicion of HLH/MAS were retrospectively recorded and clinical characteristics were retrieved. CD38high/HLA‐DR+CD8+ frequencies in HLH/MAS patients (15 patients; median: 22.0%, IQR: 11.0–49.0%) were compared with those who presented febrile conditions other‐than‐HLH (28 patients; median: 13.0%, IQR: 3.9–28.7%; p = 0.24). HLH and non‐HLH patients were subsequently regrouped based on the presence of an identified infection (22 patients; median: 27.0%, IQR: 15.2‐72.1%) and compared with those without infections (21 patients; median: 7.6%, IQR: 3.7–24.3%; p = 0.0035). CD38high/HLA‐DR+CD8+ percentages were significantly higher only in the infection group compared with the noninfection one, with a patent pathogen‐specific expansion in Epstein–Barr virus primoinfection and visceral leishmaniasis regardless of the presence of HLH. CD38high/HLA‐DR+CD8+ frequencies do not appear as an HLH‐specific marker as they naturally expand in other clinical situations that are common in childhood and may mimic HLH initial presentation.
Geomorphology and sediment mobility on sand banks: A study of Dogfish Bank, Hecate Strait, Northeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Boggild Kai , Li Michael Z. , Eamer Jordan B. R. , Stacey Cooper D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMovement of sediment along shallow continental shelves is a natural process with wide‐ranging environmental and economic implications, making it of high importance to marine spatial planning efforts in the offshore. Development of marine renewable energy, for instance, requires detailed understanding of the morphodynamics of mobile bedforms to select foundation types and ensure safe installation of infrastructure in shallow shelf environments. This study evaluates geomorphology and sediment mobility of Dogfish Bank (< 20 mbsl) in the Hecate Strait offshore British Columbia, Canada, using hydroacoustic and airborne bathymetric data combined with seismic profiles and grain‐size information. These data reveal current‐swept features ranging from sediment‐depleted lag to sediment‐abundant sand ridges and dunes, with sand ribbons and furrows in‐between. Seismic reflection data show up to 15 m of surficial sand concentrated beneath north‐aligned sand ridges that dominate the bathymetry of northwest Hecate Strait. Sand ribbons (typically understood sediment‐limited features in shallow marine environments) are notably maintained over seabed with comparable sand thickness to adjacent dunes (i.e. sediment‐abundant features), suggesting local spatial variability in hydrodynamics and sediment characteristics (principally grain size) influence expression of mobile bedforms. Repeat mapping between 2008 and 2019 shows dunes and ribbons both migrate northwards, with largest seafloor changes along northeast‐facing lee sides of dunes, matching closely with published models of sediment mobility which suggest northward bedform migration is largely driven by storms. Median total migration distance is 164 m (northward) for dunes (time‐averaged rate of 14.9 m/year). Sand ribbons show less migration (median northward distance of 73 m) and migrate in a depth‐dependent manner. Because sand ribbons are typically flow‐parallel features, their lateral migration likely results from varying current directions and flow acceleration over shallower seabed. Sand ribbon migration should therefore a consideration in studies examining seabed change, particularly when they are formed over unconsolidated sediment.
Quantifying the effects of carborundum rock surface smoothing for Schmidt hammer R‐value metrics measured on glacial erratics in the North American Great Lakes region
Authors: Shepherd Brianna , Portenga Eric W. , Peplinski Alexys J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSchmidt hammer R‐values, which reflect the degree of rock surface weathering, can be paired with independent rock surface exposure ages to produce Schmidt hammer exposure‐age dating (SHD) calibration curves that are used to provide rapid estimations of exposure ages for undated rock surfaces. In this Letter, we lay the groundwork for later establishing a SHD calibration curve based on glacial erratics deposited by the Laurentide Ice Sheet in the North American Great Lakes region. First, we establish a reference R‐value for a calibration boulder, which may be used to facilitate direct comparison of R‐values collected by different individuals using mechanical N‐type Schmidt hammers, specifically. We then assess how no, light or heavy use of a carborundum puck to smooth rock surfaces affects resulting R‐value data. Lastly, we compare two different R‐value metrics on the same rock surface: Rmean (n = 30) versus ΔR (Rmax − Rmin of five consecutive R‐values on the same spot). In all assessments, Rmean is similar for erratic surfaces with no and light surface treatment, and both are significantly lower than Rmean of surfaces with heavy treatment. Thus, we advise against the use of heavy surface treatment in SHD applications. We observe no relationship between inferred erratic age and either Rmean or ΔR, which could arise from inferred ages of erratics being inaccurate, from inferred ages of erratics being too similar or from measuring too few erratics from each landform.
Compressor‐Driven Titanium and Magnesium Hydride Systems for Thermal Energy Storage: Thermodynamic Assessment
Authors: Singh Uday Raj , Bhogilla Satya Sekhar , Jiawei Wang , Sou Hosokai , Itoko Saita 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMetal hydrides enable excellent thermal energy storage due to their high energy density, extended storage capability, and cost‐effective operation. A metal hydride‐driven storage system couples two reactors that assist in thermochemical storage using cyclic operation. Metal hydride reactors, operating at both low and high temperatures, serve for the storage of hydrogen and thermal energy, respectively. The integration of efficient thermal energy storage technology is known to enhance the efficiency of solar thermal systems. In this regard, during the peak hours of solar energy, the high‐temperature supply heat can be utilized to store hydrogen gas in the low‐temperature reactor, which simultaneously facilitates energy storage in the high‐temperature reactor. Moreover, the temperature and energy released from the reactors are highly dependent on the pressure of the gas. As a result, installing a compressor between the low and high‐temperature metal hydride reactors can help generate additional outputs, such as a cooling effect. This paper conducts a thermodynamic analysis to assess the system's performance, considering parameters such as thermal storage efficiency, coefficient of performance (COP), and COPCCH (combined cooling and heating based COP). Moreover, the performance analysis was carried out for two cases, that is, high‐temperature titanium hydride (TiH2) and magnesium hydride (MgH2). The results show that MgH2 and TiH2 achieve a maximum COPCCH of 1.08 and 0.9, respectively, and system storage efficiency of 76.15% and 74.34%, respectively. In spite of having lower efficiency than MgH2, the TiH2‐based system has the ability to recover heat at a very high temperature.
Drive Cycle‐Based Estimation of Energy Consumption for Electric Two‐Wheeler
Authors: Pandey Bhaskar , Vashist Devendra 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe transportation sector is the backbone of the economic growth of any country. However, the heavy dependence of this sector on petroleum fuel is a matter of concern for sustainable development. To address this issue countries are working toward green energy‐based transportation, and among all viable solutions electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging as front runners. Range anxiety is one of the most prominent concerns in EV adoption. The range of a vehicle depends on the energy consumption so it becomes crucial to estimate it very precisely. There are many standard drive cycles such as the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and Worldwide harmonized Light‐duty Vehicle Test Cycles (WLTC) which are used for the estimation of energy consumption. However, these standard cycles fail to capture the driving behavior of real traffic. Due to this reason, these standard cycles underestimate the energy consumption compared with actual consumption. For more realistic energy requirement estimations, researchers are focusing on the development of real‐world drive cycles specific to a particular geography. In this paper, a real‐world drive cycle of electric two‐wheeler has been developed for the city of Lucknow, India, and compared with the driving characteristics and energy consumption estimates of WLTC. The energy requirement per km for the Lucknow drive cycle and WLTC are found as 14.89 Wh/km and 11.95 Wh/km, respectively, which indicates per km energy required estimation for LDC is 24.60% higher than WLTC.
Pharmacist E‐script transcription service initiated nicotine replacement therapy uptake in pre‐admission clinic: A pilot study
Authors: Meanger Darshana , Webb Ashley , Banakh Iouri , Coward Lisa , Cripps Gael , George Johnson 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPharmacist‐led smoking cessation programs in pre‐admission clinics (PAC) have shown to increase quit attempts and achieve abstinence by the day of surgery (DOS).AimsTo evaluate the feasibility of Pharmacist E‐script Transcription Service (PETS) initiated nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in PAC, including smoking cessation on DOS.MethodsA single centre, pre and post‐intervention pilot study conducted at an Australian public hospital PAC. In a two‐month intervention period, PAC nursing staff invited smokers (≥1 cigarette/day) to see a smoking cessation PET pharmacist. Pharmacist‐initiated NRT and Quitline© referrals were offered. Cessation outcomes were compared with the preceding two‐month control period. Primary outcome: feasibility of intervention. Secondary outcomes: DOS smoking abstinence rates and three‐months post‐surgery.ResultsPAC nurses identified 112 smokers over 4 months; 53 during pre‐intervention period, and 59 during intervention period. Twenty‐two intervention patients (37%) accepted seeing the pharmacist, with 16 subsequent Quitline© referrals (73%) and 11 NRT prescriptions (50%) written. The median nursing smoking status documentation time increased in the intervention period (1 min vs. 4, p < .001). The intervention did not impact pharmacist's workload. Verified abstinence increased from 8.5% (4/47) pre‐intervention to 9.4% (5/53) post‐intervention, p =1.00. Relapse rates in the intervention period increased (20% vs. 50%) at three‐months post‐surgery.ConclusionA PETS‐initiated NRT program in PAC is feasible and increased preoperative use of NRT and Quitline© with minimal impact on smoking cessation.So what?This study has highlighted the importance of implementing a multidisciplinary smoking cessation program in PAC however, larger studies are needed to determine the true impact of the program on smoking cessations.
Control strategies for emerging infectious diseases: Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever management
Authors: Srivastava Shriyansh , Kumar Sachin , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Rustagi Sarvesh , Mohanty Aroop , Donovan Suzanne , Henao‐Martinez Andres F. , Sah Ranjit , Franco‐Paredes Carlos 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsCrimean‐Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a significant public health concern transmitted by ticks. This study seeks to thoroughly grasp the epidemiology and transmission patterns of CCHF, which is caused by the CCHF virus (CCHFV), a member of the Nairovirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family.MethodsThe study investigates the global distribution and endemicity of CCHF, its mortality rates, modes of transmission (including tick bites, contact with infected animal blood, and limited person‐to‐person transmission), and factors influencing its prevalence across different regions. Genetic diversity within CCHFV and its impact on transmission dynamics are explored, along with efforts to control the disease through tick prevention, antiviral treatment, and the development of vaccines and diagnostics.ResultsCCHFV exhibits widespread distribution, particularly in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe, with an overall mortality rate of approximately 30% and a case fatality rate ranging from 10% to 40%. Transmission occurs primarily through tick bites and contact with infected animal blood, with limited person‐to‐person transmission. Livestock workers, slaughterhouse employees, and animal herders in endemic areas are most affected by their frequent interaction with sick animals and ticks. Genetic diversity within CCHFV contributes to variations in transmission dynamics, complicating control efforts. Antiviral ribavirin shows efficacy in treating CCHF infection.ConclusionThis study underscores the importance of further research to understand the enzootic environment, transmission routes, and genetic diversity of CCHFV for effective control measures, including the development of vaccines, treatment options, and diagnostics.
Effectiveness of a nurse‐led family empowerment program to improve the quality of life among pregnant adolescents: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Qadous Shurouq Ghalib , Chunuan Sopen , Chatchawet Warangkana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined the effects of a nurse‐led family empowerment program on the quality of life of Palestinian pregnant adolescents.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial with a two‐group pre−/post‐test design. The sample consisted of 58 pregnant adolescents recruited from six governmental primary health care clinics in Palestine. Participants were randomly allocated in equal numbers to either the control group (n = 29), which received routine care, or the experimental group (n = 29), which received both routine care and the study program. Data collection instruments included a demographic form and the WHO Quality of Life‐BREF (WHOQoL‐BREF). Data were collected twice: at 32 or 33 weeks' gestation to establish a baseline and at 36 or 37 weeks' gestation post‐test. Statistical analyses were performed and included descriptive statistics, chi‐square and t‐tests.ResultsThe study findings indicated a significant increase in the mean quality of life scores of the experimental group in the post‐test compared to the pre‐test (P < 0.001). Additionally, pregnant adolescents in the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher post‐test QoL scores than those in the control group (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe nurse‐led family empowerment program emerges as a viable and efficacious alternative intervention for improving the quality of life among Palestinian pregnant adolescents.ClinicalTrialsThe study was registered with the NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials.gov on 01/09/2021 with the registration code NCT05031130. It can be accessed via this link: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05031130.
Isthmocele diagnosis: The optimal timing for detection
Authors: Bertucci Emma , Sileo Filomena Giulia , Longo Maria , Tarozzi Giulia , Benuzzi Martina , La Marca Antonio 
Published: September 2024

SynopsisWe describe the changes in size of the uterine niche during the proliferative and secretory phases, highlighting the need to standardize the best time of measurement.
5G‐based video summarization: An analysis from a methodological point of view
Authors: Sathe Asha Prashant , Jeyanthi P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSurveillance is one of the fast‐growing applications used for monitoring and watching people, objects, or the environment to collect information and provide security. The surveillance data is in video form, and analyzing large video is challenging because it is essential to do efficient video streaming online. Video summarization comprises selecting, extracting, and aggregating keyframes for creating a synopsis, which is challenging. Though several methods have been proposed for video summarization, most are inconsistent, poor in processing and delivering video content, and do not focus on solving the root problems interlinked with efficient streaming. Thus, video streaming applications require an efficient video summarization model that can overcome existing issues and challenges and improve the overall quality of service integrated with the advanced technology of 5G. This paper has aimed to discuss various methods, approaches, and technologies used for video summarization to design a better model. It also presents various learning models and a taxonomy of available methods and provides a detailed review. The summary of the model used evaluates its outcome and the existing methods for potential future research works. The proposed approach is compared with existing ones to prove the model's efficiency. The result shows that the proposed model achieved a 62.3 and 52.3 F1 score summarizing the TVSum and SumMe datasets, respectively.
A machine learning potential construction based on radial distribution function sampling
Authors: Watanabe Natsuki , Hori Yuta , Sugisawa Hiroki , Ida Tomonori , Shoji Mitsuo , Shigeta Yasuteru 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSampling reference data is crucial in machine learning potential (MLP) construction. Inadequate coverage of local configurations in reference data may lead to unphysical behaviors in MLP‐based molecular dynamics (MLP‐MD) simulations. To address this problem, this study proposes a new on‐the‐fly reference data sampling method called radial distribution function (RDF)‐based data sampling for MLP construction. This method detects and extracts anomalous structures from the trajectories of MLP‐MD simulations by focusing on the shapes of RDFs. The detected structures are added to the reference data to improve the accuracy of the MLP. This method allows us to realize a reasonable MLP construction for liquid water with minimal additional data. We prepare data from an H2O molecular cluster system and verify whether the constructed MLPs are practical for bulk water systems. MLP‐MD simulations without RDF‐based data sampling show unphysical behaviors, such as atomic collisions. In contrast, after applying this method, we obtain MLP‐MD trajectories with features, such as RDF shapes and angle distributions, that are comparable to those of ab initio MD simulations. Our simulation results demonstrate that the RDF‐based data sampling approach is useful for constructing MLPs that are robust to extrapolations from molecular cluster systems to bulk systems without any specialized know‐how.
Exploring naphthalene vapor biofiltration: performance and microbial community dynamics with diverse inoculums
Authors: San Martín‐Davison Jessica , Lebrero Raquel , Vergara‐Ojeda Christian , Scott Felipe , Huiliñir Cesar , Vergara‐Fernández Alberto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundNaphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, highly dangerous for human health. It is produced as a byproduct of incomplete combustion of organic material and is frequently present in the air. Biofilters offer an effective alternative for its treatment. The aim of this work was to study the treatment of naphthalene vapors through biofiltration using two biofilters: one inoculated with a consortium composed of Fusarium solani and Rhodococcus erythropolis (BF1), and the other inoculated with a consortium of microbial isolates obtained from a previous biofilter eliminating naphthalene vapors.ResultsThe results demonstrate that inoculating a biofilter with a reconstructed consortium of microbial isolates from a naphthalene vapor‐eliminating biofilter allowed a reduction of the startup time from 35 to 5 days, while maintaining a consistent removal capacity (6 g m−3 h−1, equivalent to 80% removal efficiency). It was also observed that the biofilter inoculated with the reconstructed consortium exhibited comparable robustness to a biofilter previously operated for 4 months with naphthalene, with a maximum removal capacity of 14 g m−3 h−1 for a naphthalene inlet load of 17 g m−3 h−1. The study of microbial communities indicates an increase in the bacterial variability, while fungal variability remains low, with Fusarium solani being predominant at 97%.ConclusionsResults obtained during the startup of both biofilters and by challenging biofilters to increasing naphthalene concentrations or decreasing empty bed residence time showed that startup time can be reduced sevenfold by selecting the microbial consortium. An equivalent performance, in the long run, was achieved for both biofilters. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).