bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using ambulance service PCRs to understand 999 call-outs to older people with dementia
Authors: Buswell Marina , Lumbard Philip , Fleming Jane , Ayres Dean , Brayne Carol , Goodman Claire 
Published: May 2016

Objectives: To use local ambulance service patient care records (PCRs) at an aggregate level to study the use of emergency medical services (EMS) by older people with dementia in two English counties. To understand how and where in the PCR dementia is recorded. To measure the proportion of patients aged 75 and over who had an emergency (999) ambulance response who have dementia recorded in the PCR. To carry out a descriptive analysis of any associations with age, gender, reason for the call, time of call, residential status or call outcome. Methods: Four days of PCRs from two counties (UK) for patients aged 75 and over were reviewed and non-patient-identifiable data extracted. Data for the total number of call-outs for those days were obtained from the computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system. Results: In 4 days' records for Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire (2 304 records), over one third of call-outs (830) were to patients aged 75 and over. Data were obtained from 358 paper records. Dementia was recorded on 14.5% of records and another 7.0% recorded details suggesting dementia or cognitive impairment. Around 15% of call-outs to ≥75-year-olds were to care homes. Ambulance crews attended higher proportions of ‘older old’ people than the local population percentages of 85 to 89-year-olds and ≥90-year-olds. The most common reason (27.5%) for a call-out was a fall. Conclusions: This is the first paper to look in detail at the numbers of older people with dementia seen by emergency ambulance crews as documented in PCRs. It gives a benchmark for others looking at ambulance service data and highlights possibilities and pitfalls of using ambulance service PCR data.
No association of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs8044769 in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene with knee osteoarthritis risk and body mass index
Authors: Wang Y. , Chu M. , Rong J. , Xing B. , Zhu L. , Zhao Y. , Zhuang X. , Jiang L. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported significant association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs8044769 in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) with osteoarthritis (OA) risk in European populations. However, these findings have not been confirmed in Chinese populations. Methods We systematically genotyped rs8044769 and evaluated the association between the genetic variants and OA risk in a case-controlled study including 196 OA cases and 442 controls in a northern Chinese population. Genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Results We found that the variant T allele of rs8044769 showed no significant association of OA risk (p = 0.791), or association with body mass index (BMI) (pmeta = 0.786) in an additive genetic model. However, we detected a significant interaction between rs8044769 genotypes and BMI on OA risk (p = 0.037), as well as a borderline interaction between rs8044769 genotypes and age on OA risk (p = 0.062). Conclusions Our findings indicate that rs8044769 in the FTO gene may not modify individual susceptibility to OA or increased BMI in the Chinese population. Further studies are warranted to validate and extend our findings. Cite this article: Prof L. Jiang. No association of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs8044769 in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene with knee osteoarthritis risk and body mass index: A population-based study in China. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:169–174. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.55.2000589.
Resistência do solo à penetração em sistemas de preparo e velocidades de deslocamento do trator
Authors: Nagahama Hideo De Jesus , Cortez Jorge Wilson , Pimenta Wisy Alves , Patrocinio Filho Antonio Pereira , Souza Elder Barboza de 
Published: May 2016

The continuous use of tillage equipment without variation of the work depth can lead to soil compression problems. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of soil resistance to penetration (RP) in a yellow ultisol profile in different tillage systems and tractor-equipment speeds. The experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Sciences Campus – UNIVASF, Petrolina- PE, Brazil, in randomized blocks with split plot with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of five tillage systems applied to the plots: without the first soil preparation, tandem grid and moldboard plow, 0.56 m off-set grid discs, 0.61 m off-set grid disc plus tandem grid and chisel plow. For the subplots, the speeds of the tractor-equipment used were: 2.45 km h‑1 (L1), 3.88 km h-1 (L2), 5.72 km h-1 (L3) and 6.50 km h-1 (H1). For the soil data collection and the RP determination, an electronic penetrometer was used, determining the sample profile moisture. Data analysis was carried out based on geostatistics and isoline maps. It can be verified the operationarea of the active organs of the equipment, the zoning of compacted areas (RP) and the RP levels of the studied profile. The lower RP was obtained when the tandem grid plus the chisel plow was used.
Iohexol clearance in unstable critically ill patients: a tool to assess glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Salmon-Gandonnière Charlotte , Benz-de Bretagne Isabelle , Mercier Emmanuelle , Joret Aurélie , Halimi Jean-Michel , Ehrmann Stephan , Barin-Le Guellec Chantal 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in unstable critically ill patients. In this context, serum creatinine concentration is an imperfect tool for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR), an index of renal function. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of measuring iohexol clearance for GFR assessment in critically ill patients with acute circulatory failure at intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Methods:
ICU patients were prospectively included within 12 h of acute circulatory failure; a non-toxic dose of iohexol (5 mL) was infused intravenously and iohexol plasma concentration decrease was measured over 24 h. Urinary iohexol concentration was measured in urine samples collected four times, every 6 h for 24 h. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome score, measuring AKI, was calculated each day.

Results:
Among 18 patients with acute circulatory failure, AKI developed in 15; 14 showed decreased serum creatinine concentration during the first 24 h even though 10 presented AKI. The absolute variation in serum creatinine concentration was correlated with fluid balance over 24 h. Median [min; max] plasma clearance of iohexol was 39.4 mL/min [6.1; 154.0] and iohexol urinary clearance 32.8 mL/min [0.8–170.4]. The correlation between plasma and urinary clearance was ρ=0.97, p<0.0001.

Conclusions:
GFR may be estimated by plasma iohexol clearance in unstable critically ill patients. This method is reliable, correlates very well with urinary iohexol clearance and does not depend on input/output fluid balance and fluid infusion, as compared with serum creatinine concentration.
Exosomal non-coding RNAs: a promising cancer biomarker
Authors: Yang Huan , Fu Hailong , Xu Wenrong , Zhang Xu 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Novel and non-invasive biomarkers are urgently needed for early detection of cancer. Exosomes are nano-sized particles released by cells and contain various bioactive molecules including proteins, DNA, mRNAs, and non-coding RNAs. Increasing evidence suggests that exosomes play critical roles in tumorigenesis, tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Exosomes could be readily accessible in nearly all the body fluids. The altered production of exosomes and aberrant expression of exosomal contents could reflect the pathological state of the body, indicating that exosomes and exosomal contents can be utilized as novel cancer biomarkers. Herein, we review the basic properties of exosomes, the functional roles of exosomes in cancer, and the methods of detecting exosomes and exosomal contents. In particular, we highlight the clinical values of exosomal non-coding RNAs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repaglinide by ritonavir in rats with healthy, diabetic and impaired hepatic function
Authors: Goud Thirumaleswara , Maddi Srinivas , Nayakanti Devanna , Thatipamula Rajendra Prasad 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background: Ritonavir is an antiretroviral drug to treat HIV AIDS and inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4. To treat diabetes mellitus in HIV, repaglinide is coadministered with ritonavir in the clinic. Multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms are involved in the metabolism of repaglinide like CYP2C8 and CYP 3A4. In order to predict and understand drug-drug interactions of these two drugs, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of repaglinide and ritonavir were studied in normal, diabetic and hepatic impaired rats. The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of ritonavir on the PK/PD of repaglinide in rats with normal, diabetic and impaired hepatic function.

Methods: Human oral therapeutic doses of ritonavir and repaglinide were extrapolated to rats based on the body surface area. Ritonavir (20 mg/kg, p.o.), alone and along with repaglinide (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.), was given to normal, diabetic and hepatic impaired rats, and the PK/PD were studied.

Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters like peak plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration time profile (AUC) and elimination half life of repaglinide were significantly (p<0.0001) increased when compared to repaglinide control rats. The repaglinide clearance (CL) was significantly (p<0.0001) decreased in the presence of ritonavir treatment. In the presence of ritonavir, repaglinide hypoglycemic activity was increased significantly (p<0.0005) when compared with repaglinide control group.

Conclusions: The significant difference in the PK/PD changes have been due to the increased plasma exposure and decreased total body clearance of repaglinide, which may be due to the inhibition of the CYP P450 metabolic system and organic anion-transporting polypeptide transporter by ritonavir.
Synthesis and biological activity studies of some new hybrid compounds derived from antipyrine
Authors: Demirci Serpil 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

N-Benzyl-N′-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)urea (1) was obtained from antipyrine. The reaction of 1 with ethyl bromoacetate produced the 1,3-oxazole derivative 2. Compounds 5a–c were obtained from antipyrine by three steps via intermediary of the ester 3 and hydrazide 4. The microwave supported cyclocondensation of 5a–c with 4-chlorophenacyl bromide and ethyl bromoacetate afforded the corresponding 1,3-thiazoles 6 or 1,3-thia(oxa)zolidines 7. The intramolecular cyclization of 5a–c in the presence of NaOH produced the corresponding triazoles 8a–c. The synthesis of the hybrid compound 9 containing a penicillin skeleton was carried out by the treatment of 8a with (+)-6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-apa) in the presence of formaldehyde. The structural assignments of new compounds were based on their elemental analysis and spectral (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and LC-MS) data. All compounds except 1 and 7b show moderate antimicrobial activity.
Does physical and health education classes improve physical fitness?
Authors: Chow Ronald , Hollenberg Drew , Midroni Cooper , Cumner Stuart 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTraditional continuous exercise, as well as low-volume high-intensity interval training in adults, have shown to offer benefits to one’s cardio-metabolic health. With the benefits of physical activity being proven without a doubt, education curricula around the world have implemented physical and health education programs with the aim of promoting a healthy lifestyle through physical activity and healthy habits. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether physical and health education, alone without any change, improved heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SP) and diastolic blood pressure (DP) of adolescents at Crescent School. HR, SP and DP of students were recorded before and immediately after they ran 1 mile, and statistical analyses were conducted to determine whether there was any difference in HR, SP and DP from baseline at the beginning of the year to Term 2, the middle of the school year. While mile-run times did improve from baseline to Term 2, SP, DP and HR did not significantly change from one term to another. This study does suggest that SP, DP and HR are not affected by physical and health education classes, but it is important to keep in mind that the sample group was already a very healthy and active group.
Interprofessional education and practice in Sweden / Interprofessionelle Bildung und Praxis in Schweden
Authors: Sottas Beat , Mentrup Christiane , Meyer Peter C. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
There are some significant differences between the health systems in German speaking Europe and Sweden: In Sweden, the number of hospitals is small, caregiving services in the hospital and ambulatory sector are integrated, health professionals with university degrees are granted extended competencies and rights incl. first line consultation and limited prescription. Education is designed to prepare for these functions and responsibilities. It started more than 30 years ago when Linköping implemented the OECD-model of Health Universities. Interprofessional teaching, common learning of the various tracks and training on real patients are constitutive elements of this novel approach. Karolinska University in Stockholm adopted the model in 1998 and gave way to a nationwide reform. A recommendation of the German Science Council regarding training of health professionals, published 2012, drew the attention of educators to this approach. The paper explains the circumstances of the consolidation of this concept. It is important to realize that overarching governance principles and measures deriving from health and education policy are of crucial importance. They evolve from evaluations of needs carried out by the regional health agencies which lead to conditional mandates and financial incentives to the education sector. Moreover, decisions taken by the national board for accreditation and quality assurance take also in account the goals set and the outcomes in education and caregiving. Outside Sweden they would be considered an inappropriate limitation of academic freedom.The paper ends with a reflection of impressions collected during a study trip and shows some lessons to be learnt from the Swedish education and practice.
Geographical extension of Chaetodipus fallax (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in the Baja California Peninsula
Authors: Camargo Issac , Rios Evelyn , Álvarez-Castañeda Sergio Ticul 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We report two new locations for Chaetodipus fallax (Merriam 1889) in Baja California Sur, Mexico: the first, south of San Ignacio; and the second, in the plains of Magdalena Bay. These are the southernmost records for the presence of this species and broaden the species’ previously known distribution range in ~400 km. We suggest that changes in weather conditions could explain the southward expansion of the distribution of C. fallax in Baja California Peninsula.
The Impact of Macroeconomic Uncertainty on Activity in the Euro Area
Authors: Gieseck Arne , Largent Yannis 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe impact of macroeconomic uncertainty on activity has been a subject of heightened interest in recent years. Empirical literature typically focuses on the US or on individual euro area countries by using the VAR approach. However, there is limited quantitative evidence about the impact of uncertainty on euro area activity available as yet. In this paper, we derive measures of macroeconomic uncertainty in the euro area from an encompassing dataset, and single out some indicators of uncertainty based on theoretical plausibility and empirical evidence. From this set of indicators, we derive an aggregate measure of macroeconomic uncertainty in the euro area. Using a multivariate structural VAR approach, we then offer some quantitative evidence on the impact of macroeconomic uncertainty on euro area activity during the period 1999–2015. Our main findings show that heightened macroeconomic uncertainty, as measured by the proposed indicators, does have a strongly adverse impact on activity in the euro area, albeit the deepness and duration of the shocks differ somewhat across uncertainty measures.
Shaping Intrinsic Neural Oscillations with Periodic Stimulation
Authors: Herrmann Christoph S. , Murray Micah M. , Ionta Silvio , Hutt Axel , Lefebvre Jérémie 
Published: May 2016

Rhythmic brain activity plays an important role in neural processing and behavior. Features of these oscillations, including amplitude, phase, and spectrum, can be influenced by internal states (e.g., shifts in arousal, attention or cognitive ability) or external stimulation. Electromagnetic stimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and transcranial alternating current stimulation are used increasingly in both research and clinical settings. Currently, the mechanisms whereby time-dependent external stimuli influence population-scale oscillations remain poorly understood. Here, we provide computational insights regarding the mapping between periodic pulsatile stimulation parameters such as amplitude and frequency and the response dynamics of recurrent, nonlinear spiking neural networks. Using a cortical model built of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, we explored a wide range of stimulation intensities and frequencies systematically. Our results suggest that rhythmic stimulation can form the basis of a control paradigm in which one can manipulate the intrinsic oscillatory properties of driven networks via a plurality of input-driven mechanisms. Our results show that, in addition to resonance and entrainment, nonlinear acceleration is involved in shaping the rhythmic response of our modeled network. Such nonlinear acceleration of spontaneous and synchronous oscillatory activity in a neural network occurs in regimes of intense, high-frequency rhythmic stimulation. These results open new perspectives on the manipulation of synchronous neural activity for basic and clinical research.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOscillatory activity is widely recognized as a core mechanism for information transmission within and between brain circuits. Noninvasive stimulation methods can shape this activity, something that is increasingly capitalized upon in basic research and clinical practice. Here, we provide computational insights on the mechanistic bases for such effects. Our results show that rhythmic stimulation forms the basis of a control paradigm in which one can manipulate the intrinsic oscillatory properties of driven networks via a plurality of input-driven mechanisms. In addition to resonance and entrainment, nonlinear acceleration is involved in shaping the rhythmic response of our modeled network, particularly in regimes of high-frequency rhythmic stimulation. These results open new perspectives on the manipulation of synchronous neural activity for basic and clinical research.
Actin Tyrosine-53-Phosphorylation in Neuronal Maturation and Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Bertling Enni , Englund Jonas , Minkeviciene Rimante , Koskinen Mikko , Segerstråle Mikael , Castrén Eero , Taira Tomi , Hotulainen Pirta 
Published: May 2016

Rapid reorganization and stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton in dendritic spines enables cellular processes underlying learning, such as long-term potentiation (LTP). Dendritic spines are enriched in exceptionally short and dynamic actin filaments, but the studies so far have not revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the high actin dynamics in dendritic spines. Here, we show that actin in dendritic spines is dynamically phosphorylated at tyrosine-53 (Y53) in rat hippocampal and cortical neurons. Our findings show that actin phosphorylation increases the turnover rate of actin filaments and promotes the short-term dynamics of dendritic spines. During neuronal maturation, actin phosphorylation peaks at the first weeks of morphogenesis, when dendritic spines form, and the amount of Y53-phosphorylated actin decreases when spines mature and stabilize. Induction of LTP transiently increases the amount of phosphorylated actin and LTP induction is deficient in neurons expressing mutant actin that mimics phosphorylation. Actin phosphorylation provides a molecular mechanism to maintain the high actin dynamics in dendritic spines during neuronal development and to induce fast reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in synaptic plasticity. In turn, dephosphorylation of actin is required for the stabilization of actin filaments that is necessary for proper dendritic spine maturation and LTP maintenance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDendritic spines are small protrusions from neuronal dendrites where the postsynaptic components of most excitatory synapses reside. Precise control of dendritic spine morphology and density is critical for normal brain function. Accordingly, aberrant spine morphology is linked to many neurological diseases. The actin cytoskeleton is a structural element underlying the proper morphology of dendritic spines. Therefore, defects in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in neurons have been implicated in neurological diseases. Here, we revealed a novel mechanism for regulating neuronal actin cytoskeleton that explains the specific organization and dynamics of actin in spines. The better we understand the regulation of the dendritic spine morphology, the better we understand what goes wrong in neurological diseases.