bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Prospective Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided and Landmark-Guided Steroid Injections for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Eslamian Fariba , Eftekharsadat Bina , Babaei-Ghazani Arash , Jahanjoo Fateme , Zeinali Mojgan 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and electrodiagnostic efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided versus landmark (LM)-guided steroid injections in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods:
This randomized clinical trial included 47 patients (60 affected hands) with moderate CTS (30 hands in each group). All clinically suspected patients with CTS who met the inclusion criteria confirmed by electrodiagnostic tests were enrolled. The subjects received 40 mg of methylprednisolone either with the US-guide or the LM-guided injection technique. They were evaluated using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (symptom/function/total) and 6 electrodiagnostic findings at the baseline and 12 weeks after injection.

Results:
Symptom severity scores and functional status scores and electrodiagnostic parameters were significantly improved within each group at week 12 after treatment (P < 0.05), except for compound muscle action potential amplitude and motor nerve conduction velocity (P > 0.05). The improvement in symptom severity scores and functional status scores in the US-guided group was more than in the LM-guided group after 12 weeks, but there was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.79 and 0.64). The mean changes in electrodiagnostic parameters were also not different between groups except for the higher sensory nerve action potential amplitude in LM-guided group (P = 0.003).

Conclusions:
Both US-guided and LM-guided steroid injections were effective in reducing the symptoms, improving the function and electrodiagnostic findings of CTS. Although there was better symptomatic improvement with US-guided injections and better increase in sensory nerve action potential amplitude with LM-guided injection, a significant difference was not generally observed between US-guided and LM-guided CTS injections.
Variable wing venation inAgathiphaga(Lepidoptera: Agathiphagidae) is key to understanding the evolution of basal moths
Authors: Schachat Sandra R. , Gibbs George W. 
Published: October 2016

Details of the ancestral groundplan of wing venation in moths remain uncertain, despite approximately a century of study. Here, we describe a 3-branched subcostal vein, a 5-branched medial vein and a 2-branched cubitus posterior vein on the forewing ofAgathiphaga vitiensisDumbleton 1952 from Vanuatu. Such veins had not previously been described in any Lepidoptera. Because wing veins are typically lost during lepidopteran evolutionary history, rarely—if ever—to be regained, the venation ofA. vitiensisprobably represents the ancestral character state for moths. Wing venation is often used to identify fossil insects as moths, because wing scales are not always preserved; the presence of a supposedly trichopteran 3-branched subcostal vein in crown Lepidoptera may decrease the certainty with which certain amphiesmenopteran fossils from the Mesozoic can be classified. And because plesiomorphic veins can influence the development of lepidopteran wing patterns even if not expressed in the adult wing, the veins described here may determine the location of wing pattern elements in many lepidopteran taxa.
Sex roles, parental care and offspring growth in two contrasting coucal species
Authors: Goymann Wolfgang , Safari Ignas , Muck Christina , Schwabl Ingrid 
Published: October 2016

The decision to provide parental care is often associated with trade-offs, because resources allocated to parental care typically cannot be invested in self-maintenance or mating. In most animals, females provide more parental care than males, but the reason for this pattern is still debated in evolutionary ecology. To better understand sex differences in parental care and its consequences, we need to study closely related species where the sexes differ in offspring care. We investigated parental care in relation to offspring growth in two closely related coucal species that fundamentally differ in sex roles and parental care, but live in the same food-rich habitat with a benign climate and have a similar breeding phenology. Incubation patterns differed and uniparental male black coucals fed their offspring two times more often than female and male white-browed coucals combined. Also, white-browed coucals had more ‘off-times’ than male black coucals, during which they perched and preened. However, these differences in parental care were not reflected in offspring growth, probably because white-browed coucals fed their nestlings a larger proportion of frogs than insects. A food-rich habitat with a benign climate may be a necessary, but—perhaps unsurprisingly—is not a sufficient factor for the evolution of uniparental care. In combination with previous results (Goymannet al. 2015J. Evol. Biol.28, 1335–1353 (doi:10.1111/jeb.12657)), these data suggest that white-browed coucals may cooperate in parental care, because they lack opportunities to become polygamous rather than because both parents were needed to successfully raise all offspring. Our case study supports recent theory suggesting that permissive environmental conditions in combination with a particular life history may induce sexual selection in females. A positive feedback loop among sexual selection, body size and adult sex-ratio may then stabilize reversed sex roles in competition and parental care.
Microscopic and continuum descriptions of Janus motor fluid flow fields
Authors: Reigh Shang Yik , Huang Mu-Jie , Schofield Jeremy , Kapral Raymond 
Published: October 2016

Active media, whose constituents are able to move autonomously, display novel features that differ from those of equilibrium systems. In addition to naturally occurring active systems such as populations of swimming bacteria, active systems of synthetic self-propelled nanomotors have been developed. These synthetic systems are interesting because of their potential applications in a variety of fields. Janus particles, synthetic motors of spherical geometry with one hemisphere that catalyses the conversion of fuel to product and one non-catalytic hemisphere, can propel themselves in solution by self-diffusiophoresis. In this mechanism, the concentration gradient generated by the asymmetric catalytic activity leads to a force on the motor that induces fluid flows in the surrounding medium. These fluid flows are studied in detail through microscopic simulations of Janus motor motion and continuum theory. It is shown that continuum theory is able to capture many, but not all, features of the dynamics of the Janus motor and the velocity fields of the fluid.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling at the physics–chemistry–biology interface’.
A perspective on bridging scales and design of models using low-dimensional manifolds and data-driven model inference
Authors: Tegnér Jesper , Zenil Hector , Kiani Narsis A. , Ball Gordon , Gomez-Cabrero David 
Published: October 2016

Systems in nature capable of collective behaviour are nonlinear, operating across several scales. Yet our ability to account for their collective dynamics differs in physics, chemistry and biology. Here, we briefly review the similarities and differences between mathematical modelling of adaptive living systems versus physico-chemical systems. We find that physics-based chemistry modelling and computational neuroscience have a shared interest in developing techniques for model reductions aiming at the identification of a reduced subsystem or slow manifold, capturing the effective dynamics. By contrast, as relations and kinetics between biological molecules are less characterized, current quantitative analysis under the umbrella of bioinformatics focuses on signal extraction, correlation, regression and machine-learning analysis. We argue that model reduction analysis and the ensuing identification of manifolds bridges physics and biology. Furthermore, modelling living systems presents deep challenges as how to reconcile rich molecular data with inherent modelling uncertainties (formalism, variables selection and model parameters). We anticipate a new generative data-driven modelling paradigm constrained by identified governing principles extracted from low-dimensional manifold analysis. The rise of a new generation of models will ultimately connect biology to quantitative mechanistic descriptions, thereby setting the stage for investigating the character of the model language and principles driving living systems.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling at the physics–chemistry–biology interface’.
Lattice Boltzmann accelerated direct simulation Monte Carlo for dilute gas flow simulations
Authors: Di Staso G. , Clercx H. J. H. , Succi S. , Toschi F. 
Published: October 2016

Hybrid particle–continuum computational frameworks permit the simulation of gas flows by locally adjusting the resolution to the degree of non-equilibrium displayed by the flow in different regions of space and time. In this work, we present a new scheme that couples the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) with the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method in the limit of isothermal flows. The former handles strong non-equilibrium effects, as they typically occur in the vicinity of solid boundaries, whereas the latter is in charge of the bulk flow, where non-equilibrium can be dealt with perturbatively, i.e. according to Navier–Stokes hydrodynamics. The proposed concurrent multiscale method is applied to the dilute gas Couette flow, showing major computational gains when compared with the full DSMC scenarios. In addition, it is shown that the coupling with LB in the bulk flow can speed up the DSMC treatment of the Knudsen layer with respect to the full DSMC case. In other words, LB acts as a DSMC accelerator.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling at the physics–chemistry–biology interface’.
Reduced CREB3L2 expression is associated with resistance to sorafenib and poor prognosis in ER-positive breast cancer
Authors: Mullarkey Sean , Arabkari Vahid , Hossain Muhammad Mosaraf , Gupta Sanjeev , Gupta Ananya 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor that acts by inhibiting tumour growth and disrupting tumour microvasculature through anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic, and pro-apoptotic effects. However, development of resistance to sorafenib often prevents its long-term efficacy. No validated biomarkers currently exist for appropriately selecting patients with cancer for sorafenib treatment. In the present study, we report that CREB3L2 expression in human breast cancer cell lines is a marker of response to sorafenib. Analysis of human breast cancer cell lines using Oncomine database and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database revealed an association between reduced expression of CREB3L2 and sensitivity to sorafenib. Wet lab experiment in five human breast cancer cell lines confirmed the association between reduced expression of CREB3L2 and sensitivity to sorafenib. Further, reduced expression of CREB3L2 was associated with poor Reccurence Free Survival in Luminal breast cancer. Our results suggest that CREB3L2 expression is a biomarker of response to sorafenib and outcome in breast cancer.
Identification of Functions Affecting Predator-Prey Interactions between Myxococcus xanthus and Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Müller Susanne , Strack Sarah N. , Ryan Sarah E. , Shawgo Mary , Walling Abigail , Harris Susanna , Chambers Chris , Boddicker Jennifer , Kirby John R. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Soil bacteria engage each other in competitive and cooperative ways to determine their microenvironments. In this study, we report the identification of a large number of genes required for
Myxococcus xanthus
to engage
Bacillus subtilis
in a predator-prey relationship. We generated and tested over 6,000 individual transposon insertion mutants of
M. xanthus
and found many new factors required to promote efficient predation, including the specialized metabolite myxoprincomide, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter permease, and a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) locus encoding bacterial immunity. We also identified genes known to be involved in predation, including those required for the production of exopolysaccharides and type IV pilus (T4P)-dependent motility, as well as chemosensory and two-component systems. Furthermore, deletion of these genes confirmed their role during predation. Overall,
M. xanthus
predation appears to be a multifactorial process, with multiple determinants enhancing predation capacity.

IMPORTANCE
Soil bacteria engage each other in complex environments and utilize multiple traits to ensure survival. Here, we report the identification of multiple traits that enable a common soil organism,
Myxococcus xanthus
, to prey upon and utilize nutrients from another common soil organism,
Bacillus subtilis
. We mutagenized the predator and carried out a screen to identify genes that were required to either enhance or diminish capacity to consume prey. We identified dozens of genes encoding factors that contribute to the overall repertoire for the predator to successfully engage its prey in the natural environment.
Comparing submarine and fluvial channel kinematics: Implications for stratigraphic architecture
Authors: Jobe Zane R. , Howes Nick C. , Auchter Neal C. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Submarine and fluvial channels exhibit qualitatively similar geomorphic patterns, yet produce very different stratigraphic records. We reconcile these seemingly contradictory observations by focusing on the channel belt scale and quantifying the time-integrated stratigraphic record of the belt as a function of the scale and trajectory of the geomorphic channel, applying the concept of stratigraphic mobility. By comparing 297 submarine and fluvial channel belts from a range of tectonic settings and time intervals, we identify channel kinematics (trajectory) rather than channel morphology (scale) as the primary control on stratigraphic architecture and show that seemingly similar channel forms (in terms of scaling) have the potential to produce markedly different stratigraphy. Submarine channel belt architecture is dominated by vertical accretion (aggradational channel fill deposits), in contrast to fluvial systems that are dominated by lateral accretion (point bar deposits). This difference is best described with the channel belt aspect ratio, which is 9 for submarine systems and 72 for fluvial systems. Differences in channel kinematics and thus stratigraphic architecture between the two environments appear to result from markedly different coupling between channel aggradation and overbank deposition. The methodology and results presented here are also applicable to interpreting channelized stratigraphy on other planets and moons.
Peak intervals of equatorial Pacific export production during the middle Miocene climate transition
Authors: Carter Samantha C. , Griffith Elizabeth M. , Penman Donald E. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The middle Miocene climate transition (MMCT) is characterized by an abrupt 1‰ increase in benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes at ca. 13.8 Ma, marking expansion of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and transition of Earth’s climate to a cooler, relatively stable glacial state. Also occurring during this period is a globally recognized positive carbon isotope excursion (16.9–13.5 Ma) in benthic and planktonic foraminifera with shorter carbon isotope maxima (CM) events, linking hypotheses for climate change at the time with the carbon cycle. In order to test whether export production in the eastern equatorial Pacific is related to the largest such event (CM6), coincident with Antarctic Ice Sheet expansion, a high-resolution (&lt;5 k.y.) record of export production at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1337 spanning the MMCT (14.02–13.43 Ma) was produced using marine pelagic barite mass accumulation rates. Export production is elevated with an extended period of more than double present-day values. These variations are not orbitally paced and provide evidence for a reorganization of nutrients supplied to the eastern equatorial Pacific in the Miocene and intensification of upwelling. If such changes are representative of the entire region, then this mechanism could sequester enough carbon to have a significant effect on atmospheric pCO2. However, continual delivery of nutrients to the surface waters of the eastern equatorial Pacific is required in order to sustain export production without depleting the surface ocean of limiting nutrients. This might be accomplished by a change in ocean circulation or a combination of other processes requiring further study.
The cause of Late Cretaceous cooling: A multimodel-proxy comparison
Authors: Tabor Clay R. , Poulsen Christopher J. , Lunt Daniel J. , Rosenbloom Nan A. , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Markwick Paul J. , Brady Esther C. , Farnsworth Alexander , Feng Ran 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Proxy temperature reconstructions indicate a dramatic cooling from the Cenomanian to Maastrichtian. However, the spatial extent of and mechanisms responsible for this cooling remain uncertain, given simultaneous climatic influences of tectonic and greenhouse gas changes through the Late Cretaceous. Here we compare several climate simulations of the Cretaceous using two different Earth system models with a compilation of sea surface temperature proxies from the Cenomanian and Maastrichtian to better understand Late Cretaceous climate change. In general, surface temperature responses are consistent between models, lending confidence to our findings. Our comparison of proxies and models confirms that Late Cretaceous cooling was a widespread phenomenon and likely due to a reduction in greenhouse gas concentrations in excess of a halving of CO2, not changes in paleogeography.
Exceptional preservation of soft-bodied Ediacara Biota promoted by silica-rich oceans
Authors: Tarhan Lidya G. , Hood Ashleigh v.S. , Droser Mary L. , Gehling James G. , Briggs Derek E.G. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The Ediacara Biota, Earth’s earliest fossilized ecosystem of complex, macroscopic, multicellular organisms, occurs in terminal Ediacaran strata worldwide, yet how the fossils are preserved remains controversial. Ediacara assemblages consist of exceptionally preserved soft-bodied forms of enigmatic morphology and phylogenetic affinity. Many of these fossil assemblages are anactualistically preserved as casts and molds in sandstones (“Ediacara-style” preservation). Here we present evidence from the Ediacara Member of South Australia that Ediacara-style preservation was due to rapid, early-stage precipitation of silica cements, facilitated by the high silica saturation state of the oceans prior to the appearance of prolific silica biomineralizers. An early silicification model provides a coherent, mechanistic and empirically supported explanation for the widespread preservation of soft-bodied organisms of Ediacaran–early Paleozoic age as sandstone casts and molds. The prevalence of early silicification confirms that Ediacara-style fossil assemblages can provide an accurate window into life on the Ediacaran seafloor that can be used to reconstruct critical steps in the development and diversification of early animal ecosystems.
Revascularisation of patients with end-stage renal disease on chronic haemodialysis: bypass surgery versus PCI—analysis of routine statutory health insurance data
Authors: Möckel Martin , Searle Julia , Baberg Henning Thomas , Dirschedl Peter , Levenson Benny , Malzahn Jürgen , Mansky Thomas , Günster Christian , Jeschke Elke 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesWe aimed to analyse the short-term and long-term outcome of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing percutaneous intervention (PCI) as compared to coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) to evaluate the optimal coronary revascularisation strategy.DesignRetrospective analysis of routine statutory health insurance data between 2010 and 2012.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome was adjusted all-cause mortality after 30 days and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events at 1 year. Secondary outcomes were repeat revascularisation at 30 days and 1 year and bleeding events within 7 days.ResultsThe total number of cases was n=4123 (PCI; n=3417), median age was 71 (IQR 62–77), 30.4% were women. The adjusted OR for death within 30 days was 0.59 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.81) for patients undergoing PCI versus CABG. At 1 year, the adjusted OR for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) was 1.58 (1.32 to 1.89) for PCI versus CABG and 1.47 (1.23 to 1.75) for all-cause death. In the subgroup of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), adjusted all-cause mortality at 30 days did not differ significantly between both groups (OR 0.75 (0.47 to 1.20)), whereas in patients without AMI the OR for 30-day mortality was 0.44 (0.28 to 0.68) for PCI versus CABG. At 1 year, the adjusted OR for MACCE in patients with AMI was 1.40 (1.06 to 1.85) for PCI versus CABG and 1.47 (1.08 to 1.99) for mortality.ConclusionsIn this cohort of unselected patients with ESRD undergoing revascularisation, the 1-year outcome was better for CABG in patients with and without AMI. The 30-day mortality was higher in non-AMI patients with CABG reflecting an early hazard with surgery. In cases where the patient's characteristics and risk profile make it difficult to decide on a revascularisation strategy, CABG could be the preferred option.
The Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Modulator FTY720 Targets Multiple Myeloma via the CXCR4/CXCL12 Pathway
Authors: Beider Katia , Rosenberg Evgenia , Bitner Hanna , Shimoni Avichai , Leiba Merav , Koren-Michowitz Maya , Ribakovsky Elena , Klein Shiri , Olam Devorah , Weiss Lola , Wald Hanna , Abraham Michal , Galun Eithan , Peled Amnon , Nagler Arnon 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Purpose: To explore the functional consequences of possible cross-talk between the CXCR4/CXCL12 and the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathways in multiple myeloma (MM) cells and to evaluate the effect of S1P targeting with the FTY720 modulator as a potential anti-MM therapeutic strategy.
Experimental Design and Results: S1P targeting with FTY720 induces MM cell apoptosis. The combination of FTY720 with the SPHK1 inhibitor SKI-II results in synergistic inhibition of MM growth. CXCR4/CXCL12-enhanced expression correlates with reduced MM cell sensitivity to both FTY720 and SKI-II inhibitors, and with SPHK1 coexpression in both cell lines and primary MM bone marrow (BM) samples, suggesting regulative cross-talk between the CXCR4/CXCL12 and SPHK1 pathways in MM cells. FTY720 was found to directly target CXCR4. FTY720 profoundly reduces CXCR4 cell-surface levels and abrogates the CXCR4-mediated functions of migration toward CXCL12 and signaling pathway activation. Moreover, FTY720 cooperates with bortezomib, inducing its cytotoxic activity and abrogating the bortezomib-mediated increase in CXCR4 expression. FTY720 effectively targets bortezomib-resistant cells and increases their sensitivity to bortezomib, promoting DNA damage. Finally, in a recently developed novel xenograft model of CXCR4-dependent systemic MM with BM involvement, FTY720 treatment effectively reduces tumor burden in the BM of MM-bearing mice. FTY720 in combination with bortezomib demonstrates superior tumor growth inhibition and abrogates bortezomib-induced CXCR4 increase on MM cells.
Conclusions: Altogether, our work identifies a cross-talk between the S1P and CXCR4 pathways in MM cells and provides a preclinical rationale for the therapeutic application of FTY720 in combination with bortezomib in patients with MM. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1733–47. ©2016 AACR.