bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Fat Intake and Lung Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis
Authors: Yang Jae Jeong , Yu Danxia , Takata Yumie , Smith-Warner Stephanie A. , Blot William , White Emily , Robien Kim , Park Yikyung , Xiang Yong-Bing , Sinha Rashmi , Lazovich DeAnn , Stampfer Meir , Tumino Rosario , Aune Dagfinn , Overvad Kim , Liao Linda , Zhang Xuehong , Gao Yu-Tang , Johansson Mattias , Willett Walter , Zheng Wei , Shu Xiao-Ou 
Published: July 2017

PurposeDietary fat may play a role in lung carcinogenesis. Findings from epidemiologic studies, however, remain inconsistent. In this pooled analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies from the United States, Europe, and Asia, we evaluated the associations of total and specific types of dietary fat with lung cancer risk.MethodsCox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs in each cohort. Study-specific risk estimates were pooled by random- or fixed-effects meta-analysis. The first 2 years of follow-up were excluded to address potential influence of preclinical dietary changes.ResultsAmong 1,445,850 participants, 18,822 incident cases were identified (mean follow-up, 9.4 years). High intakes of total and saturated fat were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (for highest v lowest quintile: HR, 1.07 and 1.14, respectively; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.15 and 1.07 to 1.22, respectively; P for trend for both < .001). The positive association of saturated fat was more evident among current smokers (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.35; P for trend < .001) than former/never smokers ( P for interaction = .004), and for squamous cell and small cell carcinoma (HR, 1.61 and 1.40, respectively; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.88 and 1.17 to 1.67, respectively; P for trend for both < .001) than other histologic types ( P for heterogeneity < .001). In contrast, a high intake of polyunsaturated fat was associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.98 for highest v lowest quintile; P for trend = .02). A 5% energy substitution of saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat was associated with a 16% to 17% lower risk of small cell and squamous cell carcinoma. No associations were found for monounsaturated fat.ConclusionFindings from this large, international cohort consortium suggest that modifying dietary fat intake (ie, replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat) may reduce lung cancer risk, particularly among smokers and for squamous cell and small cell carcinoma.
Η Ασφαλιστική Μεταρρύθμιση και η Ιδιωτική Ασφάλιση στις Απόψεις της Κοινής Γνώμης: Πολυμεταβλητή Ανάλυση
Authors: Τήνιος Πλάτων , Πουπάκης Σταύρος 
Published: July 2017

Στην στρατηγική προσαρμογής αναπτυγμένων χωρών στη γήρανση του πληθυσμού κρίσιμο ρόλο παίζει το σύστημα πολλαπλών πυλώνων, δηλαδή η πλαισίωση των δημοσίων συντάξεων με συμπληρωματικό μη-κρατικό σύστημα. Κρίσιμο για τις προοπτικές μιας τέτοιας στρατηγικής είναι αν η κοινή αντιλαμβάνεται τις σχέσεις μεταξύ των πυλώνων ως συμπληρωματικές ή συμπληρωματικές. Σε μια προσπάθεια να διερευνηθούν οι στάσεις της κοινής γνώμης στην Ελλάδα, διενεργήθηκε πανελλαδική έρευνα γνώμης σε μια περίοδο μακριά από την γενικευμένη συζήτηση για το ασφαλιστικό (Μάιος 2009). Η παρούσα ανάλυση εξετάζει, αξιοποιώντας τεχνικές πολυμεταβλητής ανάλυσης, τις επιπτώσεις στις απόψεις των ερωτωμένων διάφορων κοινωνικο-οικονομικών χαρακτηριστικών, της γενικότερης αντίληψης επί του ασφαλιστικού και της διαλλακτικότητας τους απέναντι σε αλλαγές. Στόχος η εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων το κατά πόσο η κοινή γνώμη αντιλαμβάνεται την ιδιωτική ασφάλιση ως έναν τρίτο πυλώνα της ασφάλισης, ή ως ανταγωνιστική λύση.
Do Fast Older Runners Pace Differently From Fast Younger Runners in the “New York City Marathon”?
Authors: Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Knechtle Beat 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Nikolaidis, PT and Knechtle, B. Do fast older runners pace differently from fast younger runners in the “New York City Marathon”? J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3423–3430, 2019—Although pacing strategies in the marathon and generally in endurance running have been well studied with regard to the effects of age group and performance level, little is known for their interaction. Thus, the aim of this was to examine whether fast runners of different age differ for pacing. Finishers (women, n = 117,595; men, n = 180,487) in the “New York City” Marathon between 2006 and 2016 were analyzed in 5-year age groups. To examine the effect of performance, we created performance groups according to quartiles of average race speed (Q1—the fastest, Q2, Q3, and Q4—the slowest). A large main effect of split on race speed was observed in women and men with the fastest speed in the 5–10-km split and the slowest in the 35–40-km. Compared with the other performance groups, the slowest group had the largest percentage decrease in speed at 5, 10, 15, and 20 km but the largest percentage increase in speed at 35 and 40 km. The fastest group had the least decrease during the race and the least increase at 40 km. A trivial split × age group interaction on race speed was observed for all performance groups in both sexes. This interaction was more pronounced in Q4. Based on these findings, coaches should advise their slow master runners to adopt age-tailored pacing strategy, whereas their fast master runners should adopt similar pacing as the younger fast runners.
Relationships Between Countermovement Jump Ground Reaction Forces and Jump Height, Reactive Strength Index, and Jump Time
Authors: Barker Leland A. , Harry John R. , Mercer John A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Barker, LA, Harry, JR, and Mercer, JA. Relationships between countermovement jump ground reaction forces and jump height, reactive strength index, and jump time. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 248–254, 2018—The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between ground reaction force (GRF) variables to jump height, jump time, and the reactive strength index (RSI). Twenty-six, Division-I, male, soccer players performed 3 maximum effort countermovement jumps (CMJs) on a dual-force platform system that measured 3-dimensional kinetic data. The trial producing peak jump height was used for analysis. Vertical GRF (Fz) variables were divided into unloading, eccentric, amortization, and concentric phases and correlated with jump height, RSI (RSI = jump height/jump time), and jump time (from start to takeoff). Significant correlations were observed between jump height and RSI, concentric kinetic energy, peak power, concentric work, and concentric displacement. Significant correlations were observed between RSI and jump time, peak power, unload Fz, eccentric work, eccentric rate of force development (RFD), amortization Fz, amortization time, second Fz peak, average concentric Fz, and concentric displacement. Significant correlations were observed between jump time and unload Fz, eccentric work, eccentric RFD, amortization Fz, amortization time, average concentric Fz, and concentric work. In conclusion, jump height correlated with variables derived from the concentric phase only (work, power, and displacement), whereas Fz variables from the unloading, eccentric, amortization, and concentric phases correlated highly with RSI and jump time. These observations demonstrate the importance of countermovement Fz characteristics for time-sensitive CMJ performance measures. Researchers and practitioners should include RSI and jump time with jump height to improve their assessment of jump performance.
Technique, Variation, and Progression of the Rear-Foot-Elevated Split Squat
Authors: McCurdy Kevin 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
THE REAR-FOOT-ELEVATED SPLIT SQUAT IS A MULTIJOINT EXERCISE USED TO TRAIN THE LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCULATURE IN ALL PLANES. THE BENEFITS INCLUDE PREVENTION OF LOWER EXTREMITY INJURY, IMPROVED GAIT AND SPORT PERFORMANCE, AND INCREASED MUSCLE SIZE AND STRENGTH. WITH AN ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR STANCE, THE EXERCISE IS PERFORMED PRIMARILY UNILATERALLY.
Beyond the Status Quo: A Role for Beta Oscillations in Endogenous Content (Re)Activation
Authors: Spitzer Bernhard , Haegens Saskia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAmong the rhythms of the brain, oscillations in the beta frequency range (∼13–30 Hz) have been considered the most enigmatic. Traditionally associated with sensorimotor functions, beta oscillations have recently become more broadly implicated in top-down processing, long-range communication, and preservation of the current brain state. Here, we extend and refine these views based on accumulating new findings of content-specific beta-synchronization during endogenous information processing in working memory (WM) and decision making. We characterize such content-specific beta activity as short-lived, flexible network dynamics supporting the endogenous (re)activation of cortical representations. Specifically, we suggest that beta-mediated ensemble formation within and between cortical areas may awake, rather than merely preserve, an endogenous cognitive set in the service of current task demands. This proposal accommodates key aspects of content-specific beta modulations in monkeys and humans, integrates with timely computational models, and outlines a functional role for beta that fits its transient temporal characteristics.
Uso de hábitat y estado de conservación de las aves en el humedal El Paraíso, Lima, Perú
Authors: Quiñonez Alessandra S. , Hernandez Flor 
Published: July 2017

Las aves son el grupo taxonómico más representativo de los humedales. En la costa central peruana muchos de estos ecosistemas se encuentran seriamente afectados por actividades antropogénicas. Con el objetivo de brindar información que contribuya a la implementación de planes de manejo y conservación de la avifauna del humedal El Paraíso se evaluó las preferencias y usos de los dos hábitats acuáticos presentes en el humedal, la laguna salobre y la zona cenagosa. Se llevaron a cabo evaluaciones mensuales desde mayo del 2009 a marzo del 2010 utilizando el método de puntos de conteo. Se observaron 68 especies que hicieron uso directo de los hábitats de estudio. Las familias más abundantes fueron Anatidae (19.2%), Laridae (18.0%), Phalacrocoracidae (16.8%) y Rallidae (16.1%). La especie más abundante fue Phalacrocorax brasilianus (16.7%), seguida de la Fulica ardesiaca (13.0%). Se encontró marcada diferencias en la composición de aves entre los dos hábitats evaluados debido, principalmente, a la presencia de especies migratorias boreales quienes prefieren el hábitat cenagoso. Por otro lado, fueron identificados los sitios de anidamiento de especies representativas del humedal tales como Phalacrocorax brasilianus, Tachuris rubrigastra, Phleocryptes melanops, Charadrius nivosus. La actividad frecuentemente registrada fue el descanso (73.9%), seguido de la alimentación (23.4%) y la reproducción (2.73%). Constituyen las principales amenazas para el humedal; la caza deportiva, quema de totorales y juncales, tránsito de vehículos por la orilla marina y desechos de residuos sólidos dejados por los bañistas.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Urethane Polymers from PET Waste
Authors: Jalal Mahir 
Published: July 2017

This study is engaged in synthesis of novel monomer bis(2-hydroxyethyl) by chemicalrecycling of PET waste using excess of thioglycol in prescience of (0.5%) zinc acetateas catalyst. Best yield of monomer was obtained (40%) when using 1:6 PET tothioglygol molar ratio and 16 hours reaction time. The thiolyzed products were purifiedand characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and CHNS analysis and these characterizationswere proved that nucleophilic attack to carbonyl groups of PET backbone was achievedby thiol groups instead of hydroxyl groups of thioglycol. Also, urethane polymers wereprepared by reaction of various weight ratios of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) thioterephthalatepoly(ethylene glycol) mixtures with 2,4-toluene diisocyanate monomer. Goodmechanical compression of polyurethane polymers were obtained and evaluated showingtransition properties from rigid to flexible urethane polymers.
Determining the Basic Variables for Diagnosis of Patients With Thyroid Gland By Using S/N Ratio Methods.
Authors: Rashid Kawa 
Published: July 2017

There are many situations in which the simultaneous monitoring or control of two or
more related quality characteristics is necessary. Multivariate analysis utilize the
additional information due to the relationships among the variables and these concepts
may be used to develop more efficient control charts than the simultaneous operation of
several university control charts. The most popular multivariate statistical process
control SPC are the Hotelling's T2

chart. In this paper the S/N ratio is analyzed and
response effect level are calculated with optimizing the response effect level And to
explain which of variable is important and necessary to test the chemical analysis in
Thyroid gland.
Bioavailability Enhancement of Silybin Through Carbon-23 Acid Derivatization
Authors: Amin Lena , Sabir Mohammed , Al-Khafaji Emad , Rachid Shwan 
Published: July 2017

Silybin is an isomer derived from the seed of Silybum marianum, a biennial metropolitan
plant that is grown naturally in Iraqi Kurdistan Region, it shows antioxidant and
anticancer activity however; its poor water solubility encounters to low bioavailability
which limits its use in clinical practice. To improve water solubility thereby
bioavailability, a chemical derivatization (carboxylic acid) on C-23 (C27H24O12) was
performed. Silybin derivative on C-23 as ether function improves solubility through
increasing the ability to donate unshared electron pairs like Lewis base. The elongated
carbon chain 25 as carboxylic acid increases the polarity of our derivative in water as
well as the acidity. Our derivative was prepared by Williamson method and showed
improvement of water solubility in comparison to silybin; this will lead to enhance the
bioavailability and consequently the activity of the drug. Structure elucidation confirmed
by FTIR, 13C-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The solubility assessment was performed
according to Beer’s-Lambert law.
Aim: Enhance water solubility and bioavailability of silybin through acid derivatization.
Influence of Some Biostimulants and Seaweed Extracts on Growth and Fruit Characteristics of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)
Authors: Taha Shler , Haji Ghazi 
Published: July 2017

This study was conducted during (2013 -2014) season at Girda-Rash field, College
of Agriculture, University of Salahaddin, Erbil governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan Region to
study the effect of biostimulants as microbial inoculants (Fulzyme SP and Fulzyme
Plus SP) and seaweed extracts as seamino on some vegetative growth and fruit
characteristics of two short day cultivars of Strawberry ‘Rubygem’ and ‘Florida
Fortuna’, the experimental units were arranged in split plot in a randomized complete
block design with four replicates. The obtained results indicated that the ‘Rubygem’
cultivar was superior in the characteristics of leaf area and shoot dry weight, while no
significant difference was obtained between the two cultivars in total chlorophyll
content and root dry weight. On other hand ‘Rubygem’ cultivar recorded highest
significant value in number of fruits per plant, fruit fresh weight and plant yield,
however no significant difference was found between the two cultivars in fruit size.
Fulzyme Plus SP application caused significant increase in the leaf area, total
chlorophyll content, shoot dry weight and root dry weight, also application of
Fulzyme Plus SP significantly increased the number of fruits per plant, fruit fresh
weight, fruit size and plant yield, and the highest value in plant yield was recorded as
a result of interaction effects of Rubygem x Fulzyme Plus SP.
Determination of 222Rn and 238U Concentrations in Some Selected Samples of Rock for Sulaimani Area (Kurdistan Region-Iraq)
Authors: Abdullah Kamal 
Published: July 2017

Different rock samples collected from the Mountains located to the west and north of
Sulaimani district. Solid state nuclear track detector technique, CR-39 passive
detectors included, is used for analyzing concentrations Radon. The uranium
concentrations determined from the secular equilibrium between uranium and radon
activity. The concentrations of Radon and Uranium have been calculated. The
maximum and the minimum concentrations determined (4774.524±17.665 and
224401.714) Bq/m3

for Radon and (0.313±0.143 ppm, 14.728±6.731 ppm) for
uranium, respectively. The higher concentration values of both Byara (Mountain of
Balkha) and Penjween is due to sample rocks formation compared to the values
appeared from Ranya and Chaqchaq regions. The highest annual effective dose was
0.8μSv/hr, which is higher than the value 1mSv ~ 0.114 μSv/hr recommended by the
International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP..
Biomass production from Kluyveromyces spp. by using cheese whey
Authors: Mahmood Karzan 
Published: July 2017

Cheese whey was used as a medium for producing yeast biomass from Kluyveromyces
lactis DSM 70800 and Kluyveromyces fragilis. The best conditions for yeast biomass
production were 35oC with agitation speed of 150 and 200 rpm for Kluyveromyces fragilis
and Kluyveromyces lactis DSM 70800 respectively. Both strains can grow in a wide range
of pH. The maximum biomass yield recorded when whey with pH 6.5 was used. The crud
protein based on dry weight was relatively high and the crud protein % of Kluyveromyces
lactis DSM 70800 (50.56%) was insignificantly higher than that was obtained for
Kluyveromyces fragilis (49.53%) while the protein yield was insignificantly higher for
Kluyveromyces fragilis. On the other hand, the essential and non-essential amino acids
were present in a various amount, among these amino acids arginine was present in high
level in both strains which has the good nutritive value especially for children.
INOVACEJU BARJERYS LATVEJĀ
Authors: Igavens Māris 
Published: July 2017

1. Jaunu produktu atteisteibys procesa metodika šūbreid bolstuos iz NASA (Nacionaluo aeronautikys i kosmosa administraceja) adaptātu tehnologeju gataveibys leimiņu (TRL), kas nav dūmuoti iz dreizam lītuojumam orientātu produktu, bet rysynoj kaidu naviņ tehniski nūsaceitu aizdavumu. Autoru grupa – Irēna Silineviča, Māris Igavens i Liene Amantova-Salmane (Rēzeknis Tehnologeju akademeja, RTA) – īsoka procesu sadaleit pīcuos daļuos, paraleli tehniskam aizdavumam ījamūt tiergzineibys i logistikys pasuokumus, kas kolpuotu sekmeiguokai produkta komercializacejai.2. Jaunu produktu īvesšonas kaviekli, biznesa inkubatora programys 2009.–2014. goda pīredze (RTA pietejums).Leluokais tryukums – augstuokuos izgleiteibys īstuodis (AII) šūbreid napīteikami pīduovoj pakolpuojumus jaunu produktu atteisteibai. Tryukst kvalitativu tierga pietejumu, praktisku puordūšonu veicynūšu iniciativu i darbeibu. Izaver, ka školom ir parūceiguok pījimt, ka uzjiemiejs pats lobuok zynuos, kur i kai sovu produktu puordūt, i vajadzeigūs kompeteņču naatteista studeju procesā.3. Jauna AII studeju metode – sadarbeibā ar puordūšonys laboratorejom realizēt dorba videi damāruotu vuiceibu procesu. RTA ir izveiduojuse konsorceju kūpā ar Baļtejis regiona tehniskajom universitatem (Aalto (Helsinki, Suomeja), Lundys, Tallinys, Belostokys, Kaunis) i Latvejis-Leitovys puorrūbežu programā realizej pilotprojektu – dorba vidē baļsteitys metodis (PBL – problem based learning) īdzeivynuošonu.4. Jauna starpdisciplinara metodika jaunīšu profesionalajai orientacejai ar dizaina, tehnologeju i ekonomikys elementu vīnlaiceigu padūšonu. Eiropys Komisejis Strategiskuos partnereibys programys atbaļsteitā projektā Rēzeknis, Tallinys i Viļnis karjerys specialisti izstruodoj puorkvalifikacejis kursu školuotuojim, kab veicynuot jaunīšu palikšonu Baļtejā i mudynuot jūs sovai nuokūtnis profesejai izalaseit tradicionaluos nūzaris. Kursa metodikys pamatā ir treis kritiskuos dūmuošonys sūli: 1) īsapatikt – caur dizainu, 2) saprast – caur tehnologeju, 3) rysynuot – ar ekonomiskim lobumim.5. Pošvaļdeibu lūma uzjiemiejdarbeibys ekosistemys veiduošonā ar sakuortuota tierga infastrukturys paleidzeibu Latvejis regionu kontekstā ir saisteita ar puortykys, ryupnīceibys i tml. preču kvalitatis, turysma i rekreacejis, gastronomejis i restoranu biznesa vaicuojumu rysynuošonu, izgleiteibys dorba veikšonu, paplašynojūt uzjiemiejdarbeibu iz vītys i puorceļūt, pīvadumam, Reigys centraluo tierga laikā i telpā.
Prevalence of sarcopenia in community‐dwelling older people of Mexico City using the EGWSOP (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People) diagnostic criteria
Authors: Espinel‐Bermúdez María Claudia , Ramírez‐García Eliseo , García‐Peña Carmen , Salvà Antoni , Ruiz‐Arregui Liliana , Cárdenas‐Bahena Ángel , Sánchez‐García Sergio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in community‐dwelling older people living in Mexico City using the EGWSOP (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People) diagnostic criteria that include muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance.MethodsThe sample population was based on older people (≥60 years) affiliated with the Mexican Institute of Social Security in Mexico City. Data were derived from the database of the “Cohort of Obesity, Sarcopenia and Frailty of Older Mexican Adults” (COSFOMA). Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the EGWSOP criteria: gait speed (4 m) <0.8 m/s; handgrip strength (using a dynamometer) <20 kg in women or <30 kg in men, and muscle mass index (MMI) <6.1 kg/m2 in women or <8.5 kg/m2 in men (using bioelectrical impedance analysis, BIA).ResultsThousand hundred seventy‐seven subjects were included (median age 68.4 years, 60.2% women). 20.5% had low gait speed (19.1% women and 22.6% men); 62.4% had low handgrip strength (69.9% women and 51.2% men) and 12.3% had low muscle mass (9.9% women and 16.0% men). Only 9.9% of older people with sarcopenia (9.0% women and 11.1% men): 1.9% with severe sarcopenia (1.4% women and 2.6% men) and 8.0% with moderate sarcopenia (7.6% women and 8.5% men).ConclusionsSarcopenia is present in one of ten community‐dwelling older people residing in Mexico City. According to what has been reported in the literature, the prevalence of sarcopenia in older Mexican adults is similar to the community‐dwelling population.
First versus second stage caesarean section: a comparison of maternal and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Sinha Sushma , Malik Surya , Dixit Mala 
Published: July 2017

Background: A retrospective study was done to compare the maternal and neonatal complications of caesarean delivery performed in the second stage compared with the first stage of labor.Methods: This is a one year retrospective study done in a 100-bedded hospital, govt of NCT OF Delhi, New Delhi from 1st November 2015 to 31st October 2016. Total number of deliveries in this one year duration were 1785, including both normal and caesarean deliveries. Total number of patients who underwent caesarean delivery in the first stage of labor were 159, and in 2nd stage of labor were 15 during this time period. These were designated into two groups, group 1 and group 2. These two groups were then compared in terms of maternal demographics, labor characteristics, maternal outcomes and neonatal outcomes. Numerical variables were compared between groups by calculating P-value for each variable. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Caesarean deliveries performed in the second stage were associated with increased maternal morbidity in terms of blood loss, unintended extensions, blood transfusions, prolonged hospital stay, febrile morbidity. Similarly, Neonatal morbidity was much higher in the patient who underwent LSCS in 2nd stage of labor compared to 1st stage. There was increase in neonatal complications, for e. g. –5 minute Apgar <7, NICU admissions >24 hrs, neonatal septicaemia, (P-value <0.05).Conclusions: In conclusion, present study suggests that women undergoing caesarean section in the second stage of labor have increased maternal and fetal morbidity. Therefore, selection of birthing method should be made very carefully and meticulously to decrease maternal and neonatal morbidity.