bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tear Without an Extrusion Due to Meniscocapsular Thickening in Sportswoman: A Case Report
Authors: Ivander Gian , Parsaoran Butarbutar John Christian , Riantho Albert , Fidiasrianto Kevin 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tear (MMPRT) is the most common type of meniscus root tear attributed to its lesser mobility and higher load. Complete MMPRT is usually accompanied by significant meniscus extrusion (ME) which can be defined as displacement ≥3mm of meniscus from central margin of tibial. Meniscocapsular ligament (ML) is located posteromedially, along with meniscotibial ligament help stabilizing the meniscus. Here, we present an interesting case of sportswoman with complete MMPRT without an extrusion. Case Presentation: a 47-year-old sportswoman initially presented to outpatient clinic complaining right knee pain over 2 months especially when squatting. Her BMI is 20.6 and Physical examination revealed a joint effusion and tenderness at deep flexion. Palpation on medial joint line was unremarkable. Further investigation using MRI showed complete horizontal tear on right medial meniscus posterior. The patient underwent an arthroscopic transtibial pullout repair (ATPR) which intraoperatively we found a complete radial MMPRT without ME and thickening of ML. After surgery, the patient was instructed to wear a knee immobilizer for 2 weeks. Results: The patient had a substantial improvement in pain and functional score after an ATPR procedure. Discussion: Prevalent risk factors of MMPRT include age ≥50, female sex, BMI ≥25, and lower sports activity level (<2/weeks). In this case, the patient’s gender was the only risk factor. Patient was a former running athlete, which led an active lifestyle (sports ≥4/weeks). Recently, she started doing heavy squats and noticed click sound before her complaint. During ATPR, we found no ME despite complete MMPRT. Study by Muzaffar et al. showed that out of total 202 cases of meniscus tears were followed by ME in which 64,26% cases were MMPRT. There were still no studies that linked ML thickening to activity levels. However, study by Grzelak et al. concluded that cruciate ligament might become hypertrophied related to age of training onset and training duration. Therefore, we postulated the thickening of ML, which possibly related to the patient background as a sportswoman, plays role in holding the meniscus. Conclusion: We reported in this case, interestingly ME does not occur possibly due to thickening of ML.
Haglund's Deformity as a Cause of Achilles Tendon Sleeve Avulsion: A Case Report
Authors: Kartika Pramudita Angga , Basunanda Tresna Angga 
Published: October 2024

Background: The incidence of complete achilles tendon rupture is 18 per 100.000 patient-years and is usually presents to GP. Haglund’s deformity is believed to be a factor in achilles tendon rupture. Case Report: A 47-year-old soccer athlete came to the police clinic with complaints of pain in his left ankle after playing soccer 2 days ago. Pain was felt after the patient's left leg holds the body when going to shoot by a popping sound on the patient's left leg. The patient came after consulting with the paramedics and suspected of sprain. The results of vital sign was normal, VAS 4, BMI 24,9 kg/m2, ROM ankle joint was limited, thompson test (+) matle test (+), there was a bump on the right and left above the heel for more than 5 years show in figure 1 and 2. The patient was referred for an X-ray. From the results of the X-rays it was concluded that there was an Achilles tendon sleeve avulsion. Discussion: We report that there was an achilles tendon rupture in a soccer athlete with ideal BMI and no history of severe trauma. A ruptured Achilles tendon at the calcaneus attachment, which does not include a bone that can be fixed, is called “sleeve avulsion”, like in our case. Acute Achilles tendon rupture usually occurs at the watershed region. In the current case, the achilles tendon rupture occurred directly at the level of its distal insertion. These findings suggest that the recurrent stress load of the Achilles tendon, in particularly athletes, could be a trigger factor for Haglund’s deformity. A chronic inflammatory process reduces achilles tendon strength and can lead to tendon rupture, even in the presence of minor trauma. The first additional test that can be performed to detect a achilles tendon rupture is the thompson test. Thompson test is reported to have a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 93%. The next physical examination that can be used is the Matles test. The sensitivity and specificity of this test were reported to be 88% and 85% respectively. Conclusion: Underestimating Haglund's deformity can harm the patient, one of which is the occurrence of achilles tendon rupture. Anamnesa and physical examination for suspected achilles tendon rupture are very necessary, considering that most patients with achilles tendon rupture come to general practitioners. Increasing general practitioner knowledge about trauma cases in athletes will have a positive effect in the management of sports injury cases.
Efficacy and tolerability of subcutaneous repository corticotropin injection in refractory ocular inflammatory diseases
Authors: Yavari Negin , Ghoraba Hashem , Or Christopher , Thng Zheng Xian , Mohammadi S. Saeed , Karaca Irmak , Mobasserian Azadeh , Akhavanrezayat Amir , Le Anthony , Lyu Xun , Khatri Anadi , Yoo Woong Sun , Feky Dalia El , Than Ngoc Trong Tuong , Elaraby Osama , Saengsirinavin Aim-On , Zhang Xiaoyan , Anover Frances Andrea , Gupta Ankur Sudhir , Halim Muhammad Sohail , Jison Louis A. , Nguyen Quan Dong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Repository corticotropin injection (RCI) has been suggested to exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in ocular inflammation. The index retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of subcutaneous RCI in patients with active scleritis or uveitis.

Main body
Medical records of patients who were diagnosed with different types of active scleritis or uveitis and received RCI for more than six months at a tertiary eye center were reviewed. Patient characteristics including age, sex, comorbidities, clinical findings, treatment details, and adverse events were recorded. A total of 17 eyes of 17 patients were included. Median age was 43 years old and 53% of patients were male. Mean treatment duration was 25.4 ± 15.5 months. Indications for RCI therapy were scleritis (7 anterior and 1 posterior) (47.8%), panuveitis (17.4%), retinal vasculitis (17.4%), chronic/recurrent anterior uveitis (13%), and posterior uveitis (4.35%). RCI was initiated at a dose of 40 to 80 units 3 times weekly. Given the adequate control of inflammation, RCI was successfully discontinued in four patients (23.5%). Prior to RCI therapy, 14 (82.3%) patients were on oral prednisone at an average of 10 mg daily (range 2.5–40 mg), and two (11.7%) patients discontinued prednisone immediately before initiating RCI due to side effects. After six months of therapy, the prednisone dose was reduced in four (23.5%) patients to an average of 3 mg daily (range 1–5 mg) and was stopped in eight (53%) patients. Concomitant immunomodulatory therapies (IMTs) included mycophenolate mofetil (23.5%) and methotrexate (23.5%), and adalimumab (23.5%). Ten patients were on IMTs prior to using RCI, and during the course of treatment, IMT was stopped in two patients and reduced in one. Side effects included insomnia (23%), hypertension (11.7%), lower extremity edema (11.7%), hyperglycemia (11.7%), weight gain (11.7%), and infection (5.8%).

Conclusion
RCI may be considered as a potential therapy with acceptable tolerability for patients with non-infectious scleritis or uveitis.
The use and usefulness of the Peninsula Health Falls Risk Assessment Tool (PHFRAT) process in residential aged care: a mixed methods study across 25 aged care facilities
Authors: Mercado Crisostomo Ibarra , Meulenbroeks Isabelle , Huang Guogui , Wabe Nasir , Seaman Karla , Clive Joanna , Westbrook Johanna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Falls remain a persistent problem in residential aged care (RAC) facilities. Fall screening and assessment tools such as the Peninsula Health Falls Risk Assessment Tool (PHFRAT) are widely used to inform falls risk and guide fall prevention interventions. However, it is unclear how it is used in practice and whether clinicians believe it supports resident care. This study aimed to measure the extent of use of PHFRAT to understand clinicians’ perceptions of its value and usefulness.

Methods
This mixed method study involved an analysis of PHFRAT assessment from 25 RAC facilities in New South Wales, Australia, and interviews with seven RAC staff about how PHFRAT information is used in practice. In the quantitative component, descriptive statistics were applied to PHFRAT data to summarise how RAC staff use the PHFRAT including the completeness and content of the three parts. In the qualitative component, thematic analysis techniques were applied to interview data.

Results
The sample included 215 RAC residents with 703 PHFRATs, of which 617 documented fall prevention interventions. Among these 617 PHFRATs, 593 (96.1%) included strategies related to staff assistance and 283 (45.9%) recorded strategies related to device provision. While nearly all residents (96.74%) received at least one PHFRAT assessment over the study period, many PHFRAT assessments were incomplete (part 1: 11.5% of information missing; part 2: 10.8%; part 3: 17.1%). There were few variations in fall interventions prescribed to individual residents by their fall risk level. Interviews with RAC staff indicated that PHFRAT assessments are the responsibility of registered nurses with limited input from other staff or residents. While the structured process was viewed positively in guiding risk assessment and intervention assessment, a lack of input from others prevented strategies from being tailored to residents’ specific needs and preferences. A shortage of resources, lack of communication, and limited staff education were identified as the main barriers to PHFRAT guideline implementation.

Conclusion
The PHFRAT provides a useful structure for clinicians to assess falls risk factors and plan falls prevention strategies. In the future, increased multidisciplinary input into fall prevention strategy development may improve the comprehensiveness of fall prevention plans.
USP9X-mediated deubiquitination of Raptor contributes to autophagy impairment and memory deficits in P301S mice
Authors: Zheng Siyi , Zhu Jiahui , Wang Cailin , Wu Yanqing , Sun Shangqi , Guo Hongxiu , Chang Yanmin , Ma Rong , Li Gang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease, are characterized by the pathological aggregation of tau protein, which is strongly linked to dysregulation of the autophagy-lysosomal degradation pathway. However, therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway remain limited.

Methods
We used both in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the role of Raptor in tau pathology. Knockdown of Raptor was performed to assess its impact on mTORC1 activation, autophagy, and tau accumulation. The relationship between USP9X and Raptor was also examined. Pharmacological inhibition of USP9X with WP1130 was employed to further confirm the involvement of the USP9X-Raptor-mTORC1 axis in tau degradation.

Results
Elevated Raptor levels in the hippocampus of P301S mice led to hyperactivation of mTORC1, impairing autophagy flux. Knockdown of Raptor effectively suppressed mTORC1 activation, promoted autophagy, and mitigated the accumulation of tau and its phosphorylated isoforms. This reduction in tau pathology was accompanied by decreased neuronal loss in the hippocampus, amelioration of synaptic damage, and improvement in cognitive function. The increased Raptor protein observed in the hippocampus of P301S mice was likely attributable to elevated USP9X content, which enhanced Raptor deubiquitination and protected it from proteasomal degradation. Pharmacological inhibition of USP9X with WP1130 in vitro effectively suppressed Raptor, promoted autophagy, and accelerated the degradation of tau and phosphorylated tau.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight Raptor and USP9X as promising molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in tauopathies. Targeting the USP9X-Raptor-mTORC1 axis may provide a novel strategy for promoting autophagy and mitigating tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies.

Graphical Abstract
Immunomodulatory effects of trastuzumab deruxtecan through the cGAS-STING pathway in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Oh Kyoung-Seok , Nam Ah-Rong , Bang Ju-Hee , Jeong Yoojin , Choo Sea Young , Kim Hyo Jung , Lee Su In , Kim Jae-Min , Yoon Jeesun , Kim Tae-Yong , Oh Do-Youn 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough the efficacy of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) against HER2-positive gastric cancers (GCs) has driven its clinical application, the precise mechanisms governing its immunomodulatory role remain unclear. In this study, we examined the immune-related mechanisms of action of T-DXd in GC cells. T-DXd exhibited potent antitumor effects in GC cells across diverse HER2 expression levels by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis. Activation of the DNA damage response by T-DXd led to increased PD-L1 expression. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that T-DXd modulated immune-related pathways, resulting in the upregulation of genes associated with inflammation and IFN signaling. Importantly, T-DXd activated the cGAS-STING pathway, inducing an IFN-I response in HER2-positive GC cells. Furthermore, T-DXd activated dendritic cells via the cancer cell-intrinsic cGAS-STING-IFN axis and enhanced PBMC-mediated tumor cell killing by activating CD8+ T cells. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway in the action of T-DXd and offer a compelling rationale for combining T-DXd with immune checkpoint blockade therapies in GC treatment.
Design, synthesis, and biological investigations of new pyrazole derivatives as VEGFR2/CDK-2 inhibitors targeting liver cancer
Authors: Salem Manar G. , Nafie Mohamed S. , Elzamek Aya A. , Elshihawy Hosam A. , Sofan Mamdouh A. , Negm Elham 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNew Series of N-Manniche bases 3,4 (a-c) and 5,6 (a-b) were synthesized through the reaction of benzaldehyde and amine with 3-methyl-4-(aryldiazenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-ol derivatives 2(a-c), they were fully characterized by FT-IR, (1H, 13C) NMR data in addition to their mass spectra. The Structural Activity Relationship of the target compounds were examined for their cytotoxicity. Some newly synthesized compounds showed promising antiproliferation properties when tested against HepG2 cancer cells. Compounds 4a, 5a, and 6b showed potent cytotoxicity against HepG2 with IC50 values of 4.4, 3.46 and 2.52 µM compared to Sorafenib (IC50 = 2.051 µM) and Roscovitine (IC50 = 4.18 µM). Furthermore, they were safe against the THLE2 cells with higher IC50 values. Compound 6b exhibited promising dual VEGFR2/CDK-2 inhibition activities; it had an IC50 value of 0.2 μM with VEGFR2 inhibition of 93.2%, and it had an IC50 value of 0.458 μM with CDK-2 inhibition of 88.7%. In comparison to the untreated control group (0.95%), compounds 5a (38.32%) and 6b (42.9%) considerably increased the cell population in total apoptosis. In addition, compounds 5a and 6b arrested the cell population at G0-G1 and S phases, respectively. Molecular docking experiments confirmed the virtual binding mechanism of the most active drugs, which were found to have good binding affinities with both receptor active sites.
Age, sex, and cell type-resolved hypothalamic gene expression across the pubertal transition in mice
Authors: Sokolowski Dustin J. , Hou Huayun , Yuki Kyoko E. , Roy Anna , Chan Cadia , Choi Wendy , Faykoo-Martinez Mariela , Hudson Matt , Corre Christina , Uusküla-Reimand Liis , Goldenberg Anna , Palmert Mark R. , Wilson Michael D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The hypothalamus plays a central role in regulating puberty. However, our knowledge of the postnatal gene regulatory networks that control the pubertal transition in males and females is incomplete. Here, we investigate the age-, sex- and cell-type-specific gene regulation in the hypothalamus across the pubertal transition.

Methods
We used RNA-seq to profile hypothalamic gene expression in male and female mice at five time points spanning the onset of puberty (postnatal days (PD) 12, 22, 27, 32, and 37). By combining this data with hypothalamic single nuclei RNA-seq data from pre- and postpubertal mice, we assigned gene expression changes to their most likely cell types of origin. In our colony, pubertal onset occurs earlier in male mice, allowing us to focus on genes whose expression is dynamic across ages and offset between sexes, and to explore the bases of sex effects.

Results
Our age-by-sex pattern of expression enriched for biological pathways involved hormone production, neuronal activation, and glial maturation. Additionally, we inferred a robust expansion of oligodendrocytes precursor cells into mature oligodendrocytes spanning the prepubertal (PD12) to peri-pubertal (PD27) timepoints. Using spatial transcriptomic data from postpubertal mice, we observed the lateral hypothalamic area and zona incerta were the most oligodendrocyte-rich regions and that these cells expressed genes known to be involved in pubertal regulation.

Conclusion
Together, by incorporating multiple biological timepoints and using sex as a variable, we identified gene and cell-type changes that may participate in orchestrating the pubertal transition and provided a resource for future studies of postnatal hypothalamic gene regulation.
Clusters of African countries based on the social contacts and associated socioeconomic indicators relevant to the spread of the epidemic
Authors: Korir Evans Kiptoo , Vizi Zsolt 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
It is well known that social contact patterns differ from country to country. This variation coincides with significant socioeconomic heterogeneity that complicates the design of effective nonpharmaceutical interventions. This study examined how socioeconomic heterogeneity in selected African countries might be factored in to explain better patterns of social contact mix between countries.

Methods
We used a standardized contact matrix for 32 African countries, estimated in (Prem et al. in PLoS Comput Biol 17(7):e1009098, 2021). We scaled the matrices using an epidemic model from (Röst et al. in Viruses 12(7):708, 2020). We also analyzed aggregated data from the World Bank country website. The data includes 28 variables; social, economic, environmental, institutional, governance, health and well-being, education, gender inequality, and other development-related indicators that describe countries. Principal component analysis was used to visualize socioeconomic similarities between countries and identify the indicators for maximum variation. The $(2D)^{2} PCA$

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approach was used to reduce the dimension of synthetic contact matrices for each country to avoid the dimensionality curse. Then, hierarchical aggregate clustering was used to identify groups of countries with similar social patterns, taking into account the country’s socioeconomic performance.

Results
Our model yielded four meaningful clusters, each with a few distinguishing features. Social contacts varied between groups, but were generally similar within each set. The socioeconomic performance of the country influenced the clusters.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that integrating socioeconomic factors into social contacts can better explain infectious disease transmission dynamics and that similar interventions can be implemented in countries within the cluster
Global burden of soil-transmitted helminth infections, 1990–2021
Authors: Chen Jin , Gong Yanfeng , Chen Qin , Li Shizhu , Zhou Yibiao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections can cause a significant disease burden. It is estimated that 1.5 billion people worldwide are infected with STHs, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to assess the distribution of the global burden and trend of STH infections from 1990 to 2021.

Methods
We retrieved data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 on the age-standardized rates (ASRs) of prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of STH infections for all age groups in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. The ASRs of prevalence and DALYs by age, gender, and socio-demographic index (SDI) were calculated to quantify the spatial distribution and temporal trend. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between ASR and SDI.

Results
In 2021, there were an estimated 642.72 million cases and 1.38 million DALYs caused by STH infections worldwide. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of STH infections was 8429.89 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 7697.23, 9362.18 ] per 100,000 population globally. The ASPR of STH infections varied across 21 geographic regions in 2021, being mainly prevalent in most African and Latin American locations. The prevalence was higher in the groups of 5–19 years, especially the group of 5–9 years with the ASPR of 16,263 (95% UI: 14,877.06, 18,003.49) and ASR of DALYs of 40.69 (95% UI: 25.98, 60.91) per 100,000. The ASPR of STH infections showed an obvious decreasing trend worldwide (estimated annual percent change = − 4.03, 95% confidence interval: − 4.13, − 3.93) with variations in different species infections during the study years. At the regional level, the ASR of STH infections prevalence (r = − 0.8807, P < 0.0001) and DALYs (r = − 0.9069, P < 0.0001) were negatively correlated with SDI .

Conclusions
STH infections remain a public health problem in 2021, particularly in regions such as the middle parts of Africa and Americas, and in the 5–19 age populations. The reduction in the rate of prevalence and the loss of DALYs are negatively correlated with the increase in SDI. Enhancing political commitment, providing accurate preventive chemotherapy, and advancing techniques for surveillance and mapping systems are essential to achieve the target of ending STH infections as a public health problem by 2030.

Graphical Abstract