bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Sistem Manajemen Keamanan Informasi Menggunakan ISO/IEC 27001 : 2013 Serta Rekomendasi Model Sistem Menggunakan Data Flow Diagram pada Direktorat Sistem Informasi Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Yuze Yuni Cintia , Priyadi Yudi , . Candiwan 
Published: December 2016

The importance of information and the possible risk of disruption, therefore the universities need to designed and implemented of the information security. One of the standards that can be used to analyze the level of information security in the organization is ISO/IEC 27001 : 2013 and this standard has been prepared to provide requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system. The objective of this research is to measure the level of information security based on standard ISO/IEC 27001: 2013 and modeling systems for information security management. This research uses descriptive qualitative approach, data collection and validation techniques with tringulasi (interview, observation and documentation). Data was analyzed using gap analysis and to measure the level of maturity this research uses SSE-CMM (Systems Security Engineering Capability Maturity Model). Based on the research results, Maturity level clause Information Security Policy reaches level 1 (Performed-Informally), clause Asset Management reaches level 3 (Well-Defined), clause Access Control reaches level 3 (Well-Defined), clause Physical and Environmental Security reaches level 3 (Well-Defined), clause Operational Security reaches level 3 (Well-Defined), Communication Security clause reaches the level 2 (Planned and Tracked). Based on the results of maturity level discovery of some weakness in asset management in implementing the policy. Therefore, the modeling system using the flow map and CD / DFD focused on Asset Management System.
Micronutrients and Bone Growth in Preadolescent Children from Developing Countries
Authors: Kruger Marlena , Gericke Gerda , White Zelda 
Published: December 2016

Objective:Childhood undernutrition may result in poor physical development, and negatively impact on the workforce and society. We examined from the literature how micronutrient deficiencies may affect bone growth in preadolescent children in developing countries.Results:Overall data from many studies carried out during the past 30 years show that dietary supplementation of children in developing countries may improve growth and development. Although the first few months and years of life have been considered key to these improvements, supplementation at any age may be able to influence bone health and physical development. There is considerable data in support of calcium supplementation, either in tablet form or from increased intake of dairy products, but it now seems likely that calcium alone may not be sufficient to enhance growth, unless other vital micronutrients are also provided. The recent societal changes in South Africa have resulted in an influx of cheap, nutrient-poor foods, leading to widespread childhood undernourishment in mainly black children in resource-constrained communities. Data on dietary supplementation and long-term outcomes in these children are still lacking.Conclusion:An understanding of the complex interactions between macro- and micronutrients in enhancing physical growth and development, and a consensus on the optimal timing and delivery system of supplementation is required to improve child health in developing countries, including Africa. The efficacy and efficiency of food based programmes versus supplementation should be critically assessed.
DEKONSTRUKSI PRANATA ERTURANG PADA PERKAWINAN SEMARGA
Authors: Sinulingga Novrasilofa 
Published: December 2016

Modernisasi dan globalisasi telah menyentuh seluruh aspek kehidupan sosial budaya masyarakat termasuk masyarakat Suku Karo di Berastagi. Salah satu budaya karo yang mengalami perubahan adalah pranata erturang. Pranata ini dipahami oleh kaum muda sebagai pranata yang kuno dan cenderung mengikat, sehingga saat ini kaum muda mengaplikasikan pranata tersebut sesuai dengan keinginannya yang dianggap sesuai dengan keadaan sekarang. Akibatnya secara tidak langsung kaum muda telah mendekonstruksi makna dari erturang tersebut sesuai dengan kapasitasnya saat ini. Akibatnya pranata tersebut sebagai sebuah struktur telah mengalami perubahan makna dan konsep. Perubahan ini juga akhirnya memunculkan perkawinan yang dianggap menyimpang bagi Suku Karo. Perkawinan semarga ini tentunya tidak dapat diterima oleh berbagai kalangan, oleh karena itu pelakunya berusaha untuk mensahkan hubungannya dengan berbagai cara. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan etnografi, selain itu untuk mendapatkan data dilakukan observasi, wawancara, serta studi dokumen tertulis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bagaimana kaum muda memahami pranata erturang saat ini dan bagaimana proses serta implikasi perkawinan semarga bagi para pelakunya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori dekonstruksi dan strukturasi untuk membantu menjabarkan haasil penelitian. AsbtractModernism and globalitation have reach trough socio-cultural life aspect include Karo clan in Berastagi. One of socio-cultural that had been changed was Erturang regulation. Youth have seen this regulation as ancient regulation and binding, so in this recent time youth implicating this depend on their volition that they think it is appropriate with the current situation. Youth were deconstructed erturang regulation means indirectly according to its recent capacity. As a result, regulation as structur have been changing in meaning and concept. This transformation in the end bring out same clan marriage. This marriage can’t come in through society, the concequence doer try to ratify by any ways.This research is done by use etnography approach, other than that in data collecting observation, interview and document studying have been done. This research aims to reveal how youth understanding erturang regulation recent time, how it process, and impact from same clan marriage to doer. This reseach is done by use deconstruction and struturations theory to support reseach result announce.
DOES ECO-EFFICENCY REDUCE THE COST OF EQUITY CAPITAL? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Alviani Lisa , Sholihin Mahfud 
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of eco-efficiency on the cost of equity capital. The study hypothesizes that the implementation of eco-efficiency reduces the cost of equity capital. Using manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the period 2010-2012 as data, and controlling for beta, company size, Book to Market ratio, and leverage; the study finds that the implementation of eco-efficiency may reduce the cost of equity capital. The findings suggest that companies should implement ecoefficency.Keywords: cost of equity capital; eco-efficiency; ISO 14001; environmental accounting
WILLIAMSON MODEL: AN APPLICATION OF INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE INDONESIAN DGT
Authors: Jaya Wihana Kirana , Rahajeng Anggi , Bastian Indra 
Published: December 2016

A reform of tax administration in Indonesia has been carried out in several stages from 1983to 2009. However, the changes are limited to the tax system of the DGT, it being the tax governingbody in Indonesia, which has still has not managed to meet the tax revenue target (reflectedthrough a tax ratio). A lack of authority caused the DGT (DGT) to face some difficulties inreaching the target and demonstrating the expected performance. The goal of this paper is tostress the needs of institutional transformation in DGT. By using the Williamson Model, thisstudy focuses on evaluating the DGT institutionally and creating an alternative institutionaltransformation of the DGT. The international and domestic results of ascertaining bestpractices conclude that the DGT needs to change gradually, not with a ‘big bang’, and byproviding the more flexible authority by remaining in the structure of Traditional Departmentor Single Directorate in the Ministry of Finance (SDMOF) which would lead to an organizationstructure which is semi-autonomous or a Unified Semi-autonomous Body (USB) that covers allthe systems of taxation such as service, assurance, law enforcement and supporting roles.Keywords: tax governing body, Indonesian DGT (DGT), institutional transformation, williamson model
Penatalaksanaan Kasus Impaksi Premolar, Ektopik Caninus dan Asimetri Rahang dengan Teknik Edgewise
Authors: Malikha Novitria Zahrotul , Suparwitri Sri , Hardjono Soekarsono 
Published: December 2016

Pencabutan dini pada gigi desidui seringkali menyebabkan perpendekan lengkung sehingga ruang yang dibutuhkan untuk erupsi gigi permanen kurang. Kaninus ektopik, impaksi premolar dan asimetri rahang adalah kasus yang sering terjadi akibat kurangnya ruang untuk erupsi gigi. Pasien perempuan usia 20 tahun, mengeluhkan gigi gingsul dan tidak rapi. Pemeriksaan objektif menunjukkan crowding rahang atas dan rahang bawah, kaninus maksila kanan atas ektopik, premolar mandibula kanan impaksi, disertai pergeseran midline. Maloklusi Angle kelas I dengan hubungan skeletal kelas I, overbite 1 mm, overjet 1,3 mm, crowding mandibula dan maksila, ektopik kaninus unilateral, impaksi premolar unilateral, asimetri rahang dan pergeseran midline. Pencabutan dilakukan pada 2 gigi premolar pertama rahang atas dan 2 gigi molar pertama rahang bawah yang mengalami nekrosis. Perawatan menggunakan alat cekat teknik Edgewise dengan multiloop. L loop digunakan untuk ekstrusi gigi kaninus ektopik dan menarik impaksi premolar. Asimetri rahang dikoreksi dengan ekspansi lengkung gigi menggunakan mainarchwire. Setelah 7 bulan perawatan, gigi kaninus yang ektopik, impaksi premolar dan crowding terkoreksi. Overjet dan overbite menjadi 2,5 mm. Perawatan masih berlangsung hingga saat ini. Penggunaan multiloop pada teknik Edgewise efektif untuk mengoreksi crowding gigi dan L loop efektif untuk mengekstrusi gigi kaninus ektopik dan impaksi premolar. ABSTRACT: Management of Impacted Premolar, Ectopic Canine and Jaw Asymmetry Case Using Edgewise Technique. The premature loss of primary teeth may reduce the arch length required for permanent teeth eruption. Ectopic canine, premolar impaction and jaw asymmetry are often encountered due to the lack of space for permanent teeth eruption. A twenty-year-old female patient complained an ectopic canine and crowding of upper and lower teeth. The objective examination found maxilla and mandibula crowding, ectopic right maxilla canine, mandibular premolar impaction, and midline shift of maxilla and mandibula. Angle class I malocclusion, overbite 1 mm, overjet 1.3 mm, maxilla and mandibula crowding, unilateral ectopic canine, unilateral premolar impaction, jaw asymmetry and midline shift occurred. Extraction of 2 maxillary first premolars and 2 necrose mandibular first molars was conducted followed by a treatment using fixed orthodontic appliance Edgewise technique with multiloop. The ectopic canine and premolar impaction were extruded using L loop. Jaw asymmetry was corrected by expanding the dental arch using the expanded main archwire. Ectopic canine, premolar impaction, maxilla and mandibula crowding were corrected after 7 months of treatment. The overjet and overbite reached 2.5 mm. The treatment is still ongoing. The multiloop edgewise archwire technique is found effective to overcome dental crowding, and L loop is effective to extrude the ectopic canine and premolar impaction.
Restorasi Mahkota Jaket Porselin Fusi Metal dan Crown Lenghtening pada Gigi 11 dan 21 Pasca Trauma
Authors: Saputra Dimas Cahya , Nugraheni Tunjung 
Published: December 2016

Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk melaporkan perawatan kasus fraktur subgingival dua gigi anterior maksila dengan pendekatan konservatif pada sisa jaringan keras gigi yang sehat. Perawatan pada gigi 11 dan 21 didahului perawatan saluran akar kemudian dilanjutkan dengan prosedur crown lenghtening dan restorasi mahkota penuh porselin fusi metal yang diperkuat dengan pasak metal customized. Perawatan ini merupakan alternatif untuk menghindari pencabutan gigi dan mengoptimalkan jaringan keras gigi tersisa untuk membangun sebuah restorasi estetis yang fungsional. ABSTRACT: Restoration Using Jacket Crown of Porcelain Fused-to-Metal and Crown Lengthening on Post-Traumatic Teeth 11 and 21. The aim of this case report was to describe the restoration of subgingival fractured two maxillary anterior teeth conservatively on healthy remaining tooth structure. Teeth #11 and #21 were initially treated by root canal treatment followed by crown lengthening and restored using porcelain fused-to-metal full crown retained by metal customized post. This treatment was an alternative to avoid tooth extraction and designed to optimize the remaining tooth structure in order to obtain a fully functional and esthetic restoration.
Comparison of Pethidine and Tramadol for Control of Shivering in Patients undergoing Elective Surgery under Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Sharma Mahesh , Kharbuja Kalpana , Khadka Bikash 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Shivering is a common problem faced by an anesthesiologist during intraoperative as well as in postoperative period, specially after sub-arachnoid block (SAB). It is unpleasant and undesirable and is secondary to vasodilation following sympathetic blockade. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of pethidine on postoperative shivering following SAB and to compare its effects with those of tramadol.

Methods: This randomized, prospective study was conducted in American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II patients undergoing surgery under SAB, to compare the efficacy of tramadol and pethidine for control of shivering. Patients received tramadol or pethidine in a dose of 0.5mg/kg intra-venously after the appearance of shivering. Disappearance of shivering, side-effects as well as hemodynamics were observed at scheduled intervals.

Results: There were a total of 79 patients randomized into two groups. There were 44 patients receiving pethidine (Group P) and the rest 35 receiving tramadol (Group T). Shivering score was significantly lower in Group P at 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes compared to that in Group T. Sedation score was higher in pethidine group. Adverse effects in terms of nausea and vomiting was significantly higher in Group T.

Conclusion: Pethidine provide better anti-shivering effect then tramadol with less side effects (nausea and vomiting) but more sedation.
First Line Treatment of Meniere’s Disease
Authors: Acharya Anup , Singh Madan Mohan , Shrestha Arati 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: There is no consensus on the first line medical treatment of Meniere disease to produce symptomatic improvement and slow the disease progress. Dietary salt restriction, diuretics, and vasodilators like betahistine are among the first line drugs that have been used for long. There is lack of evidence due to paucity of quality studies to support their effectiveness and advocate their use. This study is done to evaluate the effectiveness of three first line treatment of Meniere disease i.e. salt restriction, oral diuretics, and betahistine.

Methods: Double blind randomized controlled trial was carried out in out-patient clinic of Ear Nose and Throat department of Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital. Cases were randomized into three groups; dietary salt restriction, diuretics as amiloride and furosemide, and vasodilator as betahistine. Pre and post treatment evaluation was done in terms of number and severity of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing outcome.

Results: There were a total of 97 cases with F:M ratio of 1.1:1. Mean age of patients was 47.86 yr (SD=12.7). Twenty-nine (30%) were treated with dietary sodium restriction alone (Group A), 35 (36%) were treated with diuretics (Group B) and the rest 33 (34%) were treated with vasodilator (betahistine, Group C). There was no significant difference in hearing outcome in any group. Tinnitus was significantly improved in Group B. Number of vertigo attack was significantly decreased in Group B and Group C. Severity of vertigo was significantly decreased in Group B.

Conclusion: Dietary salt restriction alone was not effective in controlling any aspect of the disease whereas diuretics were effective in reducing tinnitus and number and severity of vertigo. Betahistine was effective in reducing the number of vertigo attacks but not effective on other aspects of the disease.
Measurement of Fertility Benefits with Low Dose Thyroxine in Sub-fertile women
Authors: Pandit Upendra , Banu Farhat , Adhikari Ayushma 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: High prevalence rate of thyroid dysfunction associated infertility is identified by a number of studies in Nepal. Thyroid dysfunction not only affects fertility but is also associated with miscarriage and fetal death. The objective of this study was to measure the fertility rate after low dose Thyroxine, 12.5 microgram, in women with subfertility.

Methods: This was a descriptive and observational study done among women visiting infertility and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) center at Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepal. After undergoing baseline investigations for infertility, all women diagnosed with primary or secondary infertility were enrolled in the study. Male factor and tubal factor infertility was excluded. All 136 women who were enrolled in the study received 12.5 microgram of thyroxine supplementation for a period of three months and subsequently followed up until the same time period.

Results: Out of 136 women, 83 (61.02%) women achieved pregnancy within three months of supplementation with low dose thyroxine. Among them, 34 (40.9%) women with primary infertility achieved pregnancy within three months. Similarly 14 (16.8%) women with previous miscarriage, 20 (24.09%) women with previous caesarean section within past five years back, and 15 (18.07%) with previous IUFD achieved pregnancy within three months.

Conclusion: Low dose thyroxine supplementation would be beneficial and recommended to subfertile women of reproductive age group in the endemic regions of hypothyroidism. Dose adjustment would give extended benefits as soon as pregnancy is achieved.
Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Adolescent Pregnancies at Patan Hospital
Authors: RC Laxmi , Baral Reetu , Shrestha R , Gurung P , Lama S 
Published: December 2016

Aims: This study aims to review obstetric and neonatal outcome and risk factors in adolescent pregnant women and to compare perinatal outcomes with the adult group.Methods: This is a retrospective comparative study in between primiparous pregnant teenager women aged 15-19 years and 20-24 years from April 2012 to April 2013 in Patan Hospital Lalitpur, Nepal. The data was retrieved from the hospital records. Frequency of prenatal care, perinatal outcome (newborn’s weight and gestational age at delivery), mode of delivery and maternal complications if any were recorded. Results: Neonates with normal birth weight (>2.5-4 kg) was seen in 70% (n=248) of the adolescent age group and 85% (n=1797) of adult age group. Neonates with low birth weight (<2.5 kg) was significantly higher in the adolescent age group with 29% (n=102) than the adult age group with only 13% (n=287). The occurrence of premature rupture of membrane and preterm premature rupture of membrane also show statistically significant association (Chi-square test p-value 0.000) on mother’s age having 18% and 2% respectively in adolescent pregnancy.Conclusions: There was significant association of neonatal complications like still birth, fetal distress, and meconium aspiration with the adolescent pregnancy. There was no significant association between neonatal death and age of mother.
Non-reproductive Risk Factors of Uterovaginal Prolapse- the Lesser Known Perils
Authors: Paudyal Pooja , Pradhan Neelam , Ojha Neebha 
Published: December 2016

Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the non-reproductive risk factors associated with uterovaginal prolapse (UVP) which is a major health concern of women.Methods: This was a hospital-based case control study, carried out in the Gynaecology Department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) over one year from 13th April 2011 to 12th April 2012). Cases comprised of 116 women with UVP, second degree or more and controls were women without prolapse of the same age group within five years admitted subsequently after the cases. The variables studied were medical disorders like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/chronic cough, constipation; smoking, family history of prolapse and body mass index (BMI). The p-value and odds ratio (OR) for each risk factor were calculated. Multivariate analysis was done for those risk factors found to be significant from the univariate analysis. Results: Smoking, family history of prolapse and low BMI were found to be significant risk factors from univariate analysis. Only two risk factors- family history of prolapse with OR 5.52 (2.11-14.49) and being underweight with OR 15.38 (1.88-125), were found to be significant by multivariate analysis.Conclusion: Providing good nutrition and preventing malnourishment in postmenopausal women, imparting awareness about increased risk in women with history of prolapse in first degree relatives and educating about the perils of smoking could contribute in reducing morbidity due to prolapse.
A clinicopathologic evaluation of 230 cases of mature cystic teratomas
Authors: Sherpa Palzum , Baral Reetu 
Published: December 2016

Aims: Mature cystic teratomas, commonly known as dermoid cyst, is the most common benign tumor of ovary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic behavior of mature cystic teratomas.Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study on a series of cases was performed in the Department of Pathology, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal from April 2011 to March 2016. Data from the histopathology database were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.Results: MCT comprised 230 (57.6%) out of total 399 cases of ovarian neoplasms. The age range of the patients was 8-74 years. The sizes of the tumors ranged from 2.5-20cm. 12% of the cases were bilateral. Ischemic modifications, presumably due to torsion, were noted in 10% of the cases, mostly in tumors larger than 10cm. None of the tumors of less than 5cm presented with signs of torsion. Malignant transformation was present in seven (3%) cases and was seen especially in older patients and in larger tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor seen in five cases. One case was a mixed germ cell tumor with components of MCT and yolk sac tumor.Conclusions: MCT is the most common germ cell tumor in patients of the reproductive age group. Complications such as torsion and malignant transformation occur mostly in larger tumors.