bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of the hCONSORT criteria as a reporting standard for herbal interventions for common dermatoses: a systematic review
Authors: Ornelas J. , Routt E. , Kallis P. , Lev-Tov H. 
Published: December 2017

Summary

Background
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasing in Western countries, including in the area of dermatology. However, Western healthcare providers have not integrated CAM into regular practice owing to a lack of reliable data supporting its use. To encourage high-quality research related to the use of CAM and specifically herbal interventions, the CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) extension criteria on reporting herbal interventions (hCONSORT) were published in 2006.

Objectives
To evaluate the adherence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating herbal interventions for acne, atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis to the hCONSORT criteria.

Methods
A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases was conducted. RCTs published between 2009 and 2014 assessing therapeutic outcomes of plant-based interventions for acne, AD or psoriasis were included. Investigators determined the number of unique hCONSORT criteria satisfied per report. anova was used to examine differences in scores by disease entity.

Results
The vast majority of reviewed studies reported &lt; 50% of information recommended in the hCONSORT criteria. Limitations include the small number of dermatological conditions examined, exclusion of reports based on language and lack of assessment of overall adherence to CONSORT criteria.

Conclusions
Our data indicate lack of adherence to hCONSORT extension criteria. Adherence to hCONSORT guidelines should be encouraged in order to provide high-quality reporting of research on herbal interventions in dermatology. Doing so may ease the integration of CAM into conventional medical practice and provide actionable data to providers.
Inverse correlation of Vδ2+ T‐cell recovery with EBV reactivation after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Liu Jiangying , Bian Zhilei , Wang Xiaoyu , Xu Lan‐Ping , Fu Qiang , Wang Chenguang , Chang Ying‐Jun , Wang Yu , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Jiang Zhengfan , Huang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: December 2017

SummaryEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation remains a life‐threatening complication in recipients of a haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haploHSCT). Reconstitution of adaptive T lymphocytes is generally compromised at the early stages following transplant, suggesting an important role of other effector cells in preventing EBV infection. Our previous studies demonstrated that recovery of CD4−CD8− T cells negatively correlated with EBV reactivation after haploHSCT. In this prospective study on 132 adult patients with haematopoietic malignancy, recovery of T‐cell subpopulations was characterized post‐haploHSCT. We showed that the median counts of peripheral Vδ2 cells were continuously lower in recipients with EBV reactivation compared with controls at 30, 60 and 90 days after haploHSCT (P values: 0·006, <0·001 and 0·019, respectively). Landmark study further indicated that the cumulative incidence of EBV reactivation was significantly decreased in recipients with higher day‐30 Vδ2 counts. Activation of Vδ2 cells upon EBV reactivation was accompanied by an induction of cell apoptosis. Cytotoxic effect of Vδ2 cells on EBV‐infected cells was confirmed by in vitro experiments. Together, our findings uncovered a significant correlation of recovered Vδ2 with EBV reactivation following haploHSCT. These results will help to better understand the intrinsic anti‐virus immunity and develop γδ T‐based therapy strategies after haematopoietic transplantation.
Intracranial 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging reveals altered haemodynamics in sickle cell disease
Authors: Václavů Lena , Baldew Zelonna A. V. , Gevers Sanna , Mutsaerts Henri J. M. M. , Fijnvandraat Karin , Cnossen Marjon H. , Majoie Charles B. , Wood John C. , VanBavel Ed , Biemond Bart J. , van Ooij Pim , Nederveen Aart J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryStroke risk in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is currently assessed with routine transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) measurements of blood velocity in the Circle of Willis (CoW). However, there is currently no biomarker with proven prognostic value in adult patients. Four‐dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may improve risk profiling based on intracranial haemodynamics. We conducted neurovascular 4D flow MRI and blood sampling in 69 SCD patients [median age 15 years (interquartile range, IQR: 12–50)] and 14 healthy controls [median age 21 years (IQR: 18–43)]. We measured velocity, flow, lumen area and endothelial shear stress (ESS) in the CoW. SCD patients had lower haematocrit and viscosity, and higher velocity, flow and lumen area, with lower ESS compared to healthy controls. We observed significant age‐related decline in haemodynamic 4D flow parameters; velocity (Spearman's ρ = −0·36 to −0·61), flow (ρ = −0·26 to −0·52) and ESS (ρ = −0·14 to −0·54) in SCD patients. Further analysis in only adults showed that velocity values were similar in SCD patients compared to healthy controls, but that the additional 4D flow parameters, flow and lumen area, were higher, and ESS lower, in the SCD group. Our data suggest that 4D flow MRI may identify adult patients with an increased stroke risk more accurately than current TCD‐based velocity.
Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis and management of reticular dysgenesis
Authors: Hoenig Manfred , Pannicke Ulrich , Gaspar Hubert B. , Schwarz Klaus 
Published: December 2017

SummaryReticular Dysgenesis is a rare immunodeficiency which is clinically characterized by the combination of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) with agranulocytosis and sensorineural deafness. Mutations in the gene encoding adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) were identified to cause this phenotype. In this review, we will demonstrate important clinical differences between reticular dysgenesis and other SCID entities and summarize recent concepts in the understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and the management strategies for this difficult condition.
The inhibitory effects of capillarisin on cell proliferation and invasion of prostate carcinoma cells
Authors: Tsui Ke‐Hung , Chang Ying‐Ling , Yang Pei‐Shan , Hou Chen‐Pang , Lin Yu‐Hsiang , Lin Bing‐Wei , Feng Tsui‐Hsia , Juang Horng‐Heng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesCapillarisin (Cap), an active component of Artemisia capillaris root extracts, is characterized by its anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant and anti‐cancer properties. Nevertheless, the functions of Cap in prostate cancer have not been fully explored. We evaluated the potential actions of Cap on the cell proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate carcinoma cells.Materials and methodsCell proliferation and cell cycle distribution were measured by water‐soluble tetrazolium‐1 and flow cytometry assays. The expression of cyclins, p21, p27, survivin, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP2 and MMP9) were assessed by immunoblotting assays. Effects of Cap on invasion and migration were determined by wound closure and matrigel transmigration assays. The constitutive and interlukin‐6 (IL‐6)‐inducible STAT3 activation of prostate carcinoma cells were determined by immunoblotting and reporter assays.ResultsCapillarisin inhibited androgen‐independent DU145 and androgen‐dependent LNCaP cell growth through the induction of cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase by upregulating p21 and p27 while downregulating expression of cyclin D1, cyclin A and cyclin B. Cap decreased protein expression of survivin, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 and therefore blocked the migration and invasion of DU145 cells. Cap suppressed constitutive and IL‐6‐inducible STAT3 activation in DU145 and LNCaP cells.ConclusionsOur data indicate that Cap blocked cell growth by modulation of p21, p27 and cyclins. The inhibitory effects of Cap on survivin, MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and STAT3 activation may account for the suppression of invasion in prostate carcinoma cells. Our data suggest that Cap might be a therapeutic agent in treating advanced prostate cancer with constitutive STAT3 or IL‐6‐inducible STAT3 activation.
Knowledge of naloxone and take‐home naloxone programs among a sample of people who inject drugs in Australia: Variations across capital cities
Authors: Dietze Paul M. , Stare Mark , Cogger Shelley , Nambiar Dhanya , Olsen Anna , Burns Lucinda , Lenton Simon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTake‐home naloxone (THN) programs targeting people who inject drugs (PWID) have been running in some Australian states and territories since 2012. In this study, we aimed to determine the extent to which PWID in the capital cities of all Australian states and territories are aware of naloxone and THN programs, whether awareness of these programs has changed over time.Design and MethodsData were obtained from cross‐sectional surveys of a total of 2088 PWID conducted annually as part of the Illicit Drug Reporting System from 2013 to 2015. Specific questions about THN added to the survey in 2013 allowed assessment of the extent to which sampled PWID were aware of naloxone and its function and THN programs in Australia and whether they had participated in a THN program. These main outcomes were examined over time and across states and territories using a mix of descriptive statistics and logistic regression.ResultsOver 80% of the sample reported having heard of naloxone across survey years. Less than half of the participants reported having heard of THN programs in 2013 (35%), but this increased to just over (52%) half in 2015 (P < 0.01). Changes over time differed across cities with increases in reports of having heard of THN occurring over time most clearly in those cities with operational THN programs.Discussion and ConclusionsAround half of the PWID sampled for this study are aware of THN programs. Further work is needed to ensure widespread awareness of THN programs which should include implementing THN in all Australian states and territories.
Non‐interacting impacts of fertilization and habitat area on plant diversity via contrasting assembly mechanisms
Authors: Harvey Eric , MacDougall Andrew S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThe local‐ and regional‐based forms of anthropogenic change reducing grassland diversity are generally identified, but these scale‐dependent processes tend to co‐occur with unclear interactive effects. Here, we explicitly test how common local and regional perturbations simultaneously affect plant alpha and beta diversity in a multiyear community assembly experiment using fragments of grassland habitat of various sizes. We hypothesized that local disturbances and decreasing patch size would interact, suppressing local diversity while homogenizing composition among patches.LocationNorth America.MethodsWe conducted a three‐year grassland assembly experiment, factorially manipulating local perturbation (nitrogen addition and mowing) and patch area for 36 patches over 13 ha. We quantified the individual and interactive effects of these local and regional factors on plant alpha and beta diversity within (quadrat scale) and among patches (patch scale). We also used a null model approach to disentangle between stochastic‐ and niche‐based assembly mechanisms.ResultsWe detected a gradient of assembly outcomes driven by two non‐interacting factors—the effects of N fertilization on alpha (negative) and beta (positive) diversity regardless of spatial scale and the scale‐dependant effect of increasing patch size on alpha (positive) and beta (positive) diversity. These effects unfolded over time, with the constraints on richness and composition shifting from dispersal‐based during the first sampling year to perturbation‐and size‐based factors at year two and three. Fertilization effects were driven by a mixture of deterministic (i.e., selection at the species level) and stochastic (i.e., random extinctions) processes resulting in a decline in local richness but an increase in spatial heterogeneity in species composition. Area appeared to influence alpha diversity mainly via stochastic “sampling effect”—larger patches represented a larger sample of the regional pool. Niche‐based processes, however, led to convergence in beta diversity among smaller patches driving a positive overall effect of area on beta diversity.Main conclusionOur results illustrate how diversity regulation in contemporary grasslands can be simultaneously shaped by local and regional factors acting additively but via contrasting assembly mechanisms that operate at different spatial and temporal scales.
From manageable to losing control: a grounded theory study of psychosis risk syndrome
Authors: Cheng Sunny Chieh , Schepp Karen G. , Liu Chen‐Chung , McGrath Barbara G. , Walsh Elaine , Chen Eleanor 
Published: December 2017

AimThe purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical explanation of the prodromal schizophrenia process, or so‐called psychosis risk syndrome, by describing patients’ own experiences with symptoms, thoughts and feelings.MethodsA total of 40 interviews were conducted in Taiwan. A Grounded Theory method was selected because of its demonstrated effectiveness in generating theory around dynamic and complex processes on which little is known, all of which is the case with psychosis risk syndrome. Constant comparison analysis, memo writing, member checking, and theoretical sampling were adopted.ResultsA core theoretical framework was developed in which the process of the psychosis risk syndrome is described as proceeding from manageable to uncontrollable. Four stages emerged from the analysis: (1) something is wrong, (2) boiling up, (3) breaking point, and (4) losing control.ConclusionsThe framework resulting from this Grounded Theory research is innovative in presenting patterns and clinical staging that marks the progression from premorbid stage to full‐blown psychosis. In addition to specifying the detailed process through in‐depth interviews, this research makes two fundamental contributions by: (1) adding evidence to current science and (2) taking patients’ experience into consideration to improve the validity of screening tools and design appropriate intervention programs for people with early warning signs of developing schizophrenia.
Incident reporting in dentistry: Clinical supervisor's awareness, practice and perceived barriers
Authors: AlBlaihed R. M. , AlSaeed M. I. , Abuabat A. A. , Ahsan S. H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe significance of patient safety and risk management in dentistry has surfaced as dental settings bear delicate procedures carried out by teams utilising numerous devices and tools in complex environments.Aim and objectivesOur aim is to assess awareness, practice, attitude and perceived barriers of reporting incidents amongst dental clinical supervisors working at dental colleges in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The objectives are as follows: (i) Determine if correlations exist between socio‐demographic data and supervisors’ awareness, practice, attitude and perceived barriers. (ii) Identify most common perceived barriers.Materials and methodsAn online questionnaire was sent to the 450 clinical supervisors working at five dental colleges of Riyadh. The collected data included items assessing the awareness, practice and attitude of reporting students’ incidents along with the perceived barriers.ResultsA response rate of (60.1% n = 264 of 450) was established. The majority of the respondents (62.9% n = 166) were aware of the incident reporting policy. Yet, only (35.4% n = 93) of them had completed an incident reporting form before. Most of the participants (90.5% n = 239) agreed on the necessity of reporting student's incidents, but only (67.0% n = 177) agreed on the necessity of reporting well‐handled incidents. The possible negative relationship with students was the most agreed on barrier to reporting.ConclusionThis study shows that certain demographics of supervisors had significant relationship with their awareness, attitude, perceived barriers and practice. Awareness of the policy and form was linked to the increase in supervisors’ practice, although they tend to report verbally rather than in writing. The possible negative relationship with students was the most common perceived barrier.
Response of pore structures to long‐term fertilization by a combination of synchrotron radiation X‐ray microcomputed tomography and a pore network model
Authors: Yu X. , Hong C. , Peng G. , Lu S. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryPore structure is sensitive to land management, fertilization and tillage. The response of pore structure to long‐term fertilizer application is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of various soil processes involved. In this study, the effect of chemical fertilizer and organic manure on microscale pore structure and the pore network in soil was quantified by synchrotron‐based X‐ray microcomputed tomography (SR‐mCT) and a pore network model. Macroaggregates of 5–7 mm in diameter were collected from a paddy soil (Typic Haplustalf) with a long‐term fertilization experiment established in 1996 under an annual rice–wheat crop rotation. The treatments were control (CK), chemical fertilizers (NPK), rice straw (RS), pig manure (PM), chemical fertilizer plus straw (NPK + RS) and chemical fertilizer plus pig manure (NPK + PM). Results showed that the application of NPK greatly reduced the C/I ratio (ratio of connected porosity and isolated porosity) of the macroaggregates compared with all the other treatments. The pore network model revealed that application of NPK reduced the complexity of the pore network system. Heatmap analyses showed that NPK increased the isolated porosity of macroaggregates and that straw markedly changed the pore shape by increasing the proportion of elongated pores, whereas the PM increased the connected porosity of macroaggregates. From our results, we believe a ‘good pore structure’ comprised a moderate total porosity and C/I ratio, which can balance the air, water exchange and moisture, and nutrient retention. We considered that total porosity and C/I ratio were the crucial pore variables to evaluate the effect of fertilization on pore structures at the microscale level. Therefore, we proposed that total porosity and the C/I ratio in macroaggregates could be used as effective indicators to evaluate the response of pore structure to fertilization. Application of a balanced approach of chemical fertilizer together with manure (NPK + PM) or straw (NPK + RS) improved pore structure. This suggested that fertilization management should include the integrated use of both mineral fertilizer and organic manure or straw to maintain a suitable pore environment in soil.Highlights
Effects of long‐term fertilization on pore structure of macroaggregates of paddy soil.
Pore system of macroaggregates investigated by pore network model and cluster analysis.
Application of NPK (alone or combined with organic matter) will increase proportion of isolated pores.
The C/I ratio has the potential to predict change in pore structure of soil at the aggregate scale.
Changes in courtship behaviour following rejection: The influence of female phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Balaban‐Feld Jesse , Valone Thomas J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCourtship can be costly and so selection should favour individual males that reduce courtship towards female types that have a low probability of resulting in copulation. One way males can do this is by associating previous courtship failure with the traits of particular rejecting females. We characterised changes in male Drosophila melanogaster courtship behaviour following a failed mating attempt with one of the four female phenotypes that varied in size, age or mating status. To do this, we assessed individual courtship behaviour for each male presented again with a female of the same phenotype that previously rejected him. Males reduced subsequent courtship most strongly for recently mated (sexually non‐receptive) females. More interestingly, males also significantly reduced courtship activity following a failed mating experience from old females but did not do so for control (large, young, virgin) or small females. As such, males significantly reduced courtship towards both female types possessing chemical cues associated with their phenotype (age and mating status), but not towards a female phenotype based on physical characteristics (body size). Our results suggest that males are able to modify their courtship behaviour following experience, but that they are better prepared to associate chemical traits that may be more reliable indicators of the likelihood of courtship failure.
Vonoprazan‐ vs proton‐pump inhibitor‐based first‐line 7‐day triple therapy for clarithromycin‐susceptible Helicobacter pylori: A multicenter, prospective, randomized trial
Authors: Sue Soichiro , Ogushi Marina , Arima Isao , Kuwashima Hirofumi , Nakao Satoshi , Naito Makoto , Komatsu Kazuo , Kaneko Hiroaki , Tamura Toshihide , Sasaki Tomohiko , Kondo Masaaki , Shibata Wataru , Maeda Shin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe eradication rate of vonoprazan‐based first‐line triple therapy (combined with clarithromycin and amoxicillin) (V‐AC) was reported to be 97.6% in patients with clarithromycin (CAM)‐susceptible Helicobacter pylori in a phase III study, whereas our real‐world, prospective, multicenter cohort study yielded an eradication rate <90%.ObjectiveTo validate the eradication rate of V‐AC using CAM‐susceptible testing in a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial.MethodsWe included 147 treatment‐naïve H. pylori‐positive patients [41 with CAM‐resistant infections and 106 with CAM‐susceptible infections]. The CAM‐susceptible group patients were randomized to either the V‐AC group (vonoprazan 20 mg bid, amoxicillin 750 mg bid, and clarithromycin 200 or 400 mg bid) or PPI‐AC group (lansoprazole 30 mg, rabeprazole 10 mg, or esomeprazole 20 mg bid; amoxicillin 750 mg bid; and clarithromycin 200 or 400 mg bid). All CAM‐resistant H. pylori were eradicated by V‐AC, as measured by the urea breath test around 8 weeks after eradication. Safety was evaluated by patient questionnaires.ResultsThe intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol eradication rates of V‐AC in the CAM‐susceptible H. pylori‐infected patients were 87.3% (95% confidence interval 75.5%‐94.7%) and 88.9% (77.4%‐95.8%). The respective eradication rates of PPI‐AC were 76.5% (62.5%‐87.2%) and 86.7% (73.2%‐94.9%). No significant difference was observed between the V‐AC and PPI‐AC regimes in terms of the intention‐to‐treat (P = .21) or per‐protocol (P = .77) analyses. The questionnaire scores did not differ significantly between the groups. Both the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol eradication rates of V‐AC in the CAM‐resistant patients were 82.9% (67.9%‐92.8%).ConclusionThe eradication rate of V‐AC treatment in the CAM‐susceptible H. pylori‐infected patients was <90%, as was that by PPI‐AC, thus V‐AC is not ideal regimen in CAM‐susceptible H. pylori. However, the 82.9% eradication rate of V‐AC in the CAM‐resistant infections may indicate the potential of V‐AC with modified dose, dosing interval, and treatment duration. (UMIN000016337).
Learning from the past to inform the future
Authors: Grant Maria J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this final issue of 2017, we are in a reflective mood at the Health Information and Libraries Journal as we say goodbye to Audrey Marshall, Regular Feature Editor of Dissertations into Practice. While Audrey departs, Dissertations into Practice is now a firm fixture of the Health Information and Libraries Journal; there remains no better place for students to see their writing, possibly for the first time, in print. This issue also provides an opportunity to review the breadth of health information writing through the editorials of past Virtual Issues of the Health Information and Libraries Journal, all still available, free of charge, via the journal's home page at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/hilj.