bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ℳ-projective curvature tensor field on generalized (κ,μ)-paracontact metric manifolds
Authors: Prakasha Doddabhadrappla G. , Fernández Luis M. , Mirji Kakasab 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We consider generalized

(
κ
,
μ
)

{(\kappa,\mu)}

-paracontact metric manifolds satisfying certain flatness conditions on the

ℳ

{\mathcal{M}}

-projective curvature tensor. Specifically, we study ξ-

ℳ

{\mathcal{M}}

-projectively flat and

ℳ

{\mathcal{M}}

-projectively flat generalized

(
κ
,
μ
)

{(\kappa,\mu)}

-paracontact metric manifolds and, further, ϕ-

ℳ

{\mathcal{M}}

-projectively symmetric generalized

(

κ
≠

-
1

,
μ

)

{(\kappa\neq-1,\mu)}

-paracontact metric manifolds. We prove that they are characterized by certain structures whose properties are discussed in some detail.
Load Model Verification, Validation and Calibration Framework by Statistical Analysis on Field Data
Authors: Jiao Xiangqing , Liao Yuan , Nguyen Thai 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAccurate load models are critical for power system analysis and operation. A large amount of research work has been done on load modeling. Most of the existing research focuses on developing load models, while little has been done on developing formal load model verification and validation (V&V) methodologies or procedures. Most of the existing load model validation is based on qualitative rather than quantitative analysis. In addition, not all aspects of model V&V problem have been addressed by the existing approaches. To complement the existing methods, this paper proposes a novel load model verification and validation framework that can systematically and more comprehensively examine load model’s effectiveness and accuracy. Statistical analysis, instead of visual check, quantifies the load model’s accuracy, and provides a confidence level of the developed load model for model users. The analysis results can also be used to calibrate load models. The proposed framework can be used as a guidance to systematically examine load models for utility engineers and researchers. The proposed method is demonstrated through analysis of field measurements collected from a utility system.
Microhabitat structure and food availability modelling a small mammal assemblage in restored riparian forest remnants
Authors: Corrêa Matheus R.J. , Bellagamba Yuri M. , Magalhães Adriele P. de , Martins Joice P.V. , Cruz Antônio J. do R. , Kozovitz Alessandra R. , Messias Maria C.T.B. , de Azevedo Cristiano S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Small mammal populations respond to environmental changes in secondary riparian forest remnants in different ways, depending on the influences of biotic and abiotic variables. The present study evaluated how habitat/microhabitat structure and food availability influence small mammal assemblages in restored riparian forest remnants. Pitfall traps disposed in three linear transects were used to collect small mammals during 9 months of field work. General linear models were built to test the hypothesis that microhabitat structure (litter biomass and type – leaves and branches) and food availability (richness of zoochoric tree species and arthropods) influence species richness and abundance of small mammals. Three hundred and eighty-two individuals belonging to 14 species were captured. Biomass and type of litter (leaves or branches) provided greater structural to microhabitats, allowing the coexistence of morphologically similar species. Besides, food availability influenced foraging strategies of marsupials, forcing them to use the forest floor when zoochoric plants were rare. Thus, litter structure and food availability, allowing spatial segregation of the small mammal species using the forest fragments. We concluded that the maintenance of small mammals and their ecosystem services in restored riparian forests are dependent on habitat structure and food availability, thus, litter and zoochoric plants should be conserved in riparian forest fragments, especially those reforested.
Producing superhydrophobic/oleophobic coatings on Cultural Heritage building materials
Authors: Mosquera Maria J. , Carrascosa Luis A.M. , Badreldin Nabil 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Water is the main vehicle of decay agents in Cultural Heritage building materials exposed to weathering. In this work, a simple method to produce superhydrophobic/oleophobic coatings building materials, including under outdoors conditions, has been developed. In addition, a study of the behavior of the developed coatings on different substrates (limestone, granite, concrete and wood) is reported. The addition of 40 nm-SiO2 nanoparticles to a fluoroalkylsilane reduces surface energy and produces a Cassie-Baxter surface in all the materials evaluated. It promotes high static contact angle values of around 160°, and a contact angle hysteresis of around 3°, giving rise to repellence. The building surfaces also demonstrate an excellent self-cleaning performance. The coatings maintain the building materials esthetics as required in the Cultural Heritage field. Finally, the coating presents a long-lasting performance due to condensation reactions producing effective grafting to the four building materials evaluated.
Epidemiological Study of Canine Mast Cell Tumours According to the Histological Malignancy Grade
Authors: Śmiech Anna , Ślaska B. , Łopuszyński W. , Jasik A. , Szczepanik M. , Wilkołek P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify significant relationships between the tumour malignancy grade and dogs’ age, breed, sex, size, and location of mast cell tumours (MCTs). MCTs accounted for 13.27% of all diagnosed canine skin tumours. The highest incidence was recorded among Boxers, Labrador Retrievers, American Staffordshire Terriers, and Golden Retrievers. Statistical analysis revealed significantly higher probability of occurrence of the grade I mast cell tumour in the French Bulldog in the head, neck, torso, and limb regions, the grade-II mast cell tumour in Boxer, Doberman, Dachshund, shepherds, and setters in the scrotal region, and the grade III mast cell tumour in Shar-Pei in the axilla region. In the group of the oldest dogs aged 11-16, there was higher risk of development of MCTs grade II and III. Young dogs (aged 2-3 and 4-6) were found to be more prone to development of MCTs grade I. There was no correlation between MCTs grade and dogs’ sex and size. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first report on statistical relationships between the degree of mast cell tumour malignancy and dogs’ phenotypic traits, age and tumour location. This analysis indicate predilections for development of the particular mast cell tumour malignancy degrees in certain dog breeds, age, and anatomical location
Detection of Yersinia Enterocolitica Species in Pig Tonsils and Raw Pork Meat by the Real-Time Pcr and Culture Methods
Authors: Stachelska M.A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to establish a rapid and accurate real-time PCR method to detect pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in pork. Yersinia enterocolitica is considered to be a crucial zoonosis, which can provoke diseases both in humans and animals. The classical culture methods designated to detect Y. enterocolitica species in food matrices are often very time-consuming. The chromosomal locus _tag CH49_3099 gene, that appears in pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains, was applied as DNA target for the 5’ nuclease PCR protocol. The probe was labelled at the 5’ end with the fluorescent reporter dye (FAM) and at the 3’ end with the quencher dye (TAMRA). The real-time PCR cycling parameters included 41 cycles. A Ct value which reached a value higher than 40 constituted a negative result. The developed for the needs of this study qualitative real-time PCR method appeared to give very specific and reliable results. The detection rate of locus _tag CH49_3099 - positive Y. enterocolitica in 150 pig tonsils was 85 % and 32 % with PCR and culture methods, respectively. Both the Real-time PCR results and culture method results were obtained from material that was enriched during overnight incubation. The subject of the study were also raw pork meat samples. Among 80 samples examined, 7 ones were positive when real-time PCR was applied, and 6 ones were positive when classical culture method was applied. The application of molecular techniques based on the analysis of DNA sequences such as the Real-time PCR enables to detect this pathogenic bacteria very rapidly and with higher specificity, sensitivity and reliability in comparison to classical culture methods.
An evaluation of the usefulness of invasive and non-invasive methods used to diagnose Helicobacter spp. infections in dogs
Authors: Jankowski M. , Spużak J. , Kubiak K. , Glińska-Suchocka K. , Biernat M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the suitability of invasive and non-invasive methods used to diagnose Helicobacter spp. in the stomachs of dogs. The study was carried out on 30 dogs of both sexes and different breeds, between one and 15 years old. A histopathologic examination, a microbiological culture, a rapid urease test, a direct bacteriological preparation and a nested PCR assay were carried out. Gastric Helicobacter spp. was identified in gastric biopsy specimens from 16 (53.3%) dogs using direct bacteriological preparation, in four (13.3%) dogs based on a culture, in 23 (76.6%) dogs using the rapid urease test and in 21 (70,0%) dogs based on a histopathological assessment of the biopsy specimens. The nested PCR of the gastric biopsy specimens revealed gastric Helicobacter spp. in all the dogs (100%). A saliva PCR assay revealed gastric Helicobacter spp. in 23 (76.6%) dogs, while stool PCR revealed the bacterium in seven (23.3%) dogs. We found that invasive methods were more accurate than non-invasive methods in detecting a Helicobacter spp. infection in dogs. In addition, the nested PCR method used to evaluate the gastric mucosal biopsy specimens was the most accurate test for detecting Helicobacter spp. It was further found that the PCR-based saliva assay was the best non-invasive method for detecting Helicobacter spp. However, taking into consideration that most of the diagnostic methods used to detect this bacterium have drawbacks, at least two diagnostic methods should be used to detect Helicobacter spp. as is done in human medicine.
Adenocarcinoma of the posterior segment of the gastrointestinal tract in dogs – clinical, endoscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings
Authors: Spużak J. , Ciaputa R. , Kubiak K. , Jankowski M. , Glińska-Suchocka K. , Poradowski D. , Nowak M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Of all the tumours in dogs, three percent are located in the intestines, and 36-60% of those tumours affect the large intestine. Adenocarcinomas of the intestines account for 20-35% of the gastrointestinal tumours and for almost 60% of the large intestine tumours. The aim of the study was to analyze clinical disorders and endoscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in colorectal adenocarcinomas in dogs with the use of the E-cadherin, β-catenin, cytokeratin 20 (CK20), Ki-67 and minichromosome maintenance 3 (MCM-3). The study comprised 11 dogs of both genders and of different breeds diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the large intestine. They were from 4 to 11 years old. The large intestine adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in all the patients. 72.7% cases were diagnosed with a rectal adenocarcinoma, and 27.3% were found to have a colonic adenocarcinoma. All the studied proteins were expressed at different levels and, together with the histological findings, indicated different levels of malignancy (G). The statistical analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in the studied tissues (p=0.79) and between the expression of Ki-67 andMCM-3 (p=0.39). A strong positive correlation was found between the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin (r=0.86; p<0.05). The diagnosis of adenocarcinomas of the large intestine may be facilitated by the introduction of immunohistochemical studies using appropriate cell markers. They may also aid in the accurate evaluation of the biological character of the tumours, their origin, the connections between tumour cells and the mitotic index. That, in turn, may help determine the malignancy and the choice of treatment.
Cardiac disorders in dogs infected with Babesia canis
Authors: Bartnicki M. , Łyp P. , Dębiak P. , Staniec M. , Winiarczyk S. , Buczek K. , Adaszek Ł. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess cardiac disorders in dogs infected with B. canis. The study included 50 dogs with babesiosis and 20 healthy control animals. All the animals had haematological tests, ECG, echocardiography and serum troponin I and CK-MB levels checked. The haematology in the group of dogs with babesiosis confirmed thrombocytopaenia in 100% of dogs, decreased haematocrit in 52% and anaemia in 46%. The most common abnormalities in ECG and echocardiography in dogs infected with protozoa included: change in appearance and/or amplitude of the T-wave (34%), increased fractional shortening (24%), an increased sinus rhythm (14%) and heart axis deviation (10%). In 19 of the 50 dogs with babesiosis, the level of serum troponin I was elevated. In 2 dogs that died from babesiosis, the troponin level I was very high. The ECG confirmed sinus tachycardia and interpolated ventricular beat in these animals. In all dogs with babesiosis that were used in the study, the serum CK-MB was high or very high and was within limits of 23.17 U/L - 369.62 U/L. The highest kinase concentration (367.33 U/L and 369.62 U/L) was observed in dogs that died due to the disease. The presented results prove that cardiac changes are common in canine babesiosis, but that most changes are nonspecific and appear to have little clinical significance. Cardiovascular assessment should be based on the assessment of the level of troponin I and CK-MB in the serum of sick animals. High concentrations of these factors might be indicators of poor prognosis.
First report of Feline Calicivirus (FCV) infection in stray cats in northeast China
Authors: Wang Kai , Pei Zhihua , Hu Guixue 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
To improve our understanding of Feline calicivirus (FCV) infection in cats in Northeast China, 1584 serum samples from 974 domestic cats and 610 stray cats were collected between 2012 and 2015. The samples were tested for FCV antibodies using a commercially available ELISA kit. The results revealed an overall seroprevalence of 37.56% (595/1584), a seroprevalence in domestic cats of 32.85% (320/974) and a seroprevalence in stray cats of 45.08% (275/610). Risk factor analysis indicated that species was the only risk factor for the presence of FCV (OR=1.678, 95% CI=1.362-2.066, P<0.001); age, season, region and gender were not risk factors. This is the first report of FCV infection in stray cats in China, and the results of this study can aid in FCV infection control in the felidae family.
Structural design and analysis of composite blade for horizontal-axis tidal turbine
Authors: Nguyen Quang Duy , Park Hoon Cheol , Kang Taesam , Ko Jin Hwan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this work, we report on the structural design of a 5-m-long composite blade intended for use in a horizontal-axis tidal turbine. The blade geometry is constructed through an optimization process to obtain the maximum power coefficient at the desired tip speed ratio of 4.5 by applying the blade element-momentum theory (BEMT). The blade is primarily designed using a NACA 63-424 hydrofoil. The blade structure is designed by using the BEMT to compute the loading conditions at various inflow velocities. Two parallel spars were chosen to produce the blade structure grid, and the preliminary lay-up structure of the composite blade was determined according to the thickness distribution identified using the twisted beam theory under the assumption that the two spars plus the upper and lower skins mostly contribute to the flap-wise bending stiffness while withstanding an external load. Then, high-strength unidirectional and double-bias fiber glass/epoxy materials were chosen to fabricate the blade. The final blade structure was then analyzed in ANSYS Workbench using the finite element method. The results show that the blade structure can withstand the applied load with failure indices <0.4.
Contextual Review of Physical Requirements of Refereeing Rugby Union at an Elite Level
Authors: Blair Matthew R. , Cronin John B. , Rehrer Nancy J. , Button Chris , Gill Nicholas D. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
RUGBY UNION REFEREES OFTEN DETERMINE THE OUTCOME OF MATCHES, WHICH HIGHLIGHTS THE IMPORTANCE OF THEIR PHYSICAL CONDITIONING AND DECISION-MAKING ABILITY. THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS THE LIMITED POOL OF RESEARCH RELATED TO THE PHYSICAL DEMANDS OF REFEREEING 15-A-SIDE RUGBY UNION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF MATCH OFFICIALS FROM OTHER TEAM SPORTS. DECISION-MAKING INVESTIGATIONS ARE CRITICALLY DISCUSSED, AND CURRENT PHYSICAL MONITORING ASSESSMENTS ARE PRESENTED ALONG WITH TRAINING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES. FOR A VIDEO ABSTRACT OF THIS ARTICLE, SEE SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1 (SEE VIDEO, HTTP://LINKS.LWW.COM/SCJ/A221).
Protein O-Mannosyltransferases Affect Sensory Axon Wiring and Dynamic Chirality of Body Posture in theDrosophilaEmbryo
Authors: Baker Ryan , Nakamura Naosuke , Chandel Ishita , Howell Brooke , Lyalin Dmitry , Panin Vladislav M. 
Published: November 2017

Genetic defects in protein O-mannosyltransferase 1 (POMT1) and POMT2 underlie severe muscular dystrophies.POMTgenes are evolutionarily conserved in metazoan organisms. InDrosophila, both male and femalePOMTmutants show a clockwise rotation of adult abdominal segments, suggesting a chirality of underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Here we described and analyzed a similar phenotype inPOMTmutant embryos that shows left-handed body torsion. Our experiments demonstrated that coordinated muscle contraction waves are associated with asymmetric embryo rolling, unveiling a new chirality marker inDrosophiladevelopment. Using genetic and live-imaging approaches, we revealed that the torsion phenotype results from differential rolling and aberrant patterning of peristaltic waves of muscle contractions. Our results demonstrated that peripheral sensory neurons are required for normal contractions that prevent the accumulation of torsion. We found thatPOMTmutants show abnormal axonal connections of sensory neurons.POMTtransgenic expression limited to sensory neurons significantly rescued the torsion phenotype, axonal connectivity defects, and abnormal contractions inPOMTmutant embryos. Together, our data suggested that protein O-mannosylation is required for normal sensory feedback to control coordinated muscle contractions and body posture. This mechanism may shed light on analogous functions ofPOMTgenes in mammals and help to elucidate the etiology of neurological defects in muscular dystrophies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTProtein O-mannosyltransferases (POMTs) are evolutionarily conserved in metazoans. Mutations inPOMTscause severe muscular dystrophies associated with pronounced neurological defects. However, neurological functions of POMTs remain poorly understood. We demonstrated thatPOMTmutations inDrosophilaresult in abnormal muscle contractions and cause embryo torsion. Our experiments uncovered a chirality of embryo movements and a uniquePOMT-dependent mechanism that maintains symmetry of a developing system affected by chiral forces. Furthermore,POMTswere found to be required for proper axon connectivity of sensory neurons, suggesting that O-mannosylation regulates the sensory feedback controlling muscle contractions. This novel POMT function in the peripheral nervous system may shed light on analogous functions in mammals and help to elucidate pathomechanisms of neurological abnormalities in muscular dystrophies.
A Critical Role for Dopamine D5 Receptors in Pain Chronicity in Male Mice
Authors: Megat Salim , Shiers Stephanie , Moy Jamie K. , Barragan-Iglesias Paulino , Pradhan Grishma , Seal Rebecca P. , Dussor Gregory , Price Theodore J. 
Published: November 2017

Dopaminergic modulation of spinal cord plasticity has long been recognized, but circuits affected by this system and the precise receptor subtypes involved in this modulation have not been defined. Dopaminergic modulation from the A11 nucleus of the hypothalamus contributes to plasticity in a model of chronic pain called hyperalgesic priming. Here we tested the hypothesis that the key receptor subtype mediating this effect is the D5 receptor (D5R). We find that a spinally directed lesion of dopaminergic neurons reverses hyperalgesic priming in both sexes and that a D1/D5 antagonist transiently inhibits neuropathic pain. We used mice lacking D5Rs (DRD5KOmice) to show that carrageenan, interleukin 6, as well as BDNF-induced hyperalgesia and priming are reduced specifically in male mice. These maleDRD5KOmice also show reduced formalin pain responses and decreased heat pain. To characterize the subtypes of dorsal horn neurons engaged by dopamine signaling in the hyperalgesic priming model, we used c-fos labeling. We find that a mixed D1/D5 agonist given spinally to primed mice activates a subset of neurons in lamina III and IV of the dorsal horn that coexpress PAX2, a transcription factor for GABAergic interneurons. In line with this, we show that gabazine, a GABA-A receptor antagonist, is antihyperalgesic in primed mice exposed to spinal administration of a D1/D5 agonist. Therefore, the D5R, in males, and the D1R, in females, exert a powerful influence over spinal cord circuitry in pathological pain likely via modulation of deep dorsal horn GABAergic neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPain is the most prominent reason why people seek medical attention, and chronic pain incidence worldwide has been estimated to be as high as 33%. This study provides new insight into how descending dopamine controls pathological pain states. Our work demonstrates that dopaminergic spinal projections are necessary for the maintenance of a chronic pain state in both sexes; however, D5 receptors seem to play a critical role in males whereas females rely more heavily on D1 receptors, an effect that could be explained by sexual dimorphisms in receptor expression levels. Collectively, our work provides new insights into how the dopaminergic system interacts with spinal circuits to promote pain plasticity.
Caenorhabditis elegansDBL-1/BMP Regulates Lipid Accumulation via Interaction with Insulin Signaling
Authors: Clark James F , Meade Michael , Ranepura Gehan , Hall David H , Savage-Dunn Cathy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMetabolic homeostasis is coordinately controlled by diverse inputs. Understanding these regulatory networks is vital to combating metabolic disorders. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a powerful, genetically tractable model system for the discovery of lipid regulatory mechanisms. Here we introduce DBL-1, the C. elegans homolog of bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 (BMP2/4), as a significant regulator of lipid homeostasis. We used neutral lipid staining and a lipid droplet marker to demonstrate that both increases and decreases in DBL-1/BMP signaling result in reduced lipid stores and lipid droplet count. We find that lipid droplet size, however, correlates positively with the level of DBL-1/BMP signaling. Regulation of lipid accumulation in the intestine occurs through non-cell-autonomous signaling, since expression of SMA-3, a Smad signal transducer, in the epidermis (hypodermis) is sufficient to rescue the loss of lipid accumulation. Finally, genetic evidence indicates that DBL-1/BMP functions upstream of Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling in lipid metabolism. We conclude that BMP signaling regulates lipid metabolism in C. elegans through interorgan signaling to the Insulin pathway, shedding light on a less well-studied regulatory mechanism for metabolic homeostasis.