bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Development of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions in Infants With Normal Hearing
Authors: Hunter Lisa L. , Blankenship Chelsea M. , Keefe Douglas H. , Feeney M. Patrick , Brown David K. , McCune Annie , Fitzpatrick Denis F. , Lin Li 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to describe normal characteristics of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) signal and noise level in a group of newborns and infants with normal hearing followed longitudinally from birth to 15 months of age.

Design:
This is a prospective, longitudinal study of 231 infants who passed newborn hearing screening and were verified to have normal hearing. Infants were enrolled from a well-baby nursery and two neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Cincinnati, OH. Normal hearing was confirmed with threshold auditory brainstem response and visual reinforcement audiometry. DPOAEs were measured in up to four study visits over the first year after birth. Stimulus frequencies f
1 and f
2 were used with f
2/f
1 = 1.22, and the DPOAE was recorded at frequency 2f
1–f
2. A longitudinal repeated-measure linear mixed model design was used to study changes in DPOAE level and noise level as related to age, middle ear transfer, race, and NICU history.

Results:
Significant changes in the DPOAE and noise levels occurred from birth to 12 months of age. DPOAE levels were the highest at 1 month of age. The largest decrease in DPOAE level occurred between 1 and 5 months of age in the mid to high frequencies (2 to 8 kHz) with minimal changes occurring between 6, 9, and 12 months of age. The decrease in DPOAE level was significantly related to a decrease in wideband absorbance at the same f
2 frequencies. DPOAE noise level increased only slightly with age over the first year with the highest noise levels in the 12-month-old age range. Minor, nonsystematic effects for NICU history, race, and gestational age at birth were found, thus these results were generalizable to commonly seen clinical populations.

Conclusions:
DPOAE levels were related to wideband middle ear absorbance changes in this large sample of infants confirmed to have normal hearing at auditory brainstem response and visual reinforcement audiometry testing. This normative database can be used to evaluate clinical results from birth to 1 year of age. The distributions of DPOAE level and signal to noise ratio data reported herein across frequency and age in normal-hearing infants who were healthy or had NICU histories may be helpful to detect the presence of hearing loss in infants.
Is the “Appropriate Use Criteria” for Type II Supracondylar Humerus Fractures Really Appropriate?
Authors: Silva Mauricio , Delfosse Erin M. , Park Howard , Panchal Hemali , Ebramzadeh Edward 
Published: January 2018

Introduction:
The Appropriate Use Criteria for the treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHFs), developed by American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, recommends pinning for all type II SCHFs. However, previous studies have suggested that, with close follow-up some of the less severe type II SCHF’s can be successfully treated without surgery. Our purpose was to analyze data collected prospectively on a large cohort of type II SCHF’s.

Methods:
We reviewed clinical and radiographic information on all type II pediatric SCHF (n=1120) that were enrolled in a prospective registry and were followed for a minimum of 8 weeks. The characteristics of the patients who were treated without surgery were compared with those of patients who were ultimately treated surgically. Treatment outcomes, as assessed by the final clinical and radiographic alignment, range of motion of the elbow, and complications were compared between the groups to define clinical and radiographic features that related to success or failure of nonoperative management.

Results:
Ultimately, 812 fractures (72%) were treated nonoperatively, and 309 fractures (28%) were treated surgically. At final follow-up, outcome measures of change in carrying angle, range of motion, and complications did not show clinically significant differences between treatment groups. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that initial radiographic features, specifically rotational deformity, varus malalignment, valgus malalignment, and a shaft-condylar angle of <30 degrees were strongly related to selection for surgery. Patients with isolated extension deformity, but none of the other features, were more likely to complete successful nonoperative management.

Conclusions:
Pinning all type II SCHF, as recommended by the Appropriate Use Criteria, would have resulted in unnecessary surgery in 72% of patients in this series. Given the wide range of injury severity within the type II category of SCHF, better discrimination of factors commonly associated with successful nonoperative treatment is required. In this particular series, fractures with an isolated extension deformity (without rotational or coronal malalignment) were more likely to complete successful nonoperative management.
The Role of Ankle Arthroscopy in Ankle Fractures
Authors: Diefenbach Christopher , Nguyen Kevin , Kreulen Christopher , Giza Eric 
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to review the available literature and describe the technique when utilizing arthroscopy in the treatment of ankle fractures. The high incidence of acute cartilage injuries and the difficulty diagnosing syndesmotic instability in ankle fractures have led to the adjunctive use of arthroscopy in their treatment since the 1990s. Although this remains a controversial topic, multiple studies have demonstrated the potential of ankle arthroscopy to help confirm anatomic reduction, limit the surgical exposure and soft tissue trauma, and to diagnose and treat associated intra-articular pathology in displaced ankle fractures.Level of Evidence:Diagnostic Level 4. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Prompt Administration of Antibiotics and Fluids in the Treatment of Sepsis: A Murine Trial*
Authors: Lewis Anthony J. , Griepentrog John E. , Zhang Xianghong , Angus Derek C. , Seymour Christopher W. , Rosengart Matthew R. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
Sepsis, the acute organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, poses a serious public health burden. Current management includes early detection, initiation of antibiotics and fluids, and source control as necessary. Although observational data suggest that delays of even a few hours in the initiation of antibiotics or IV fluids is associated with survival, these findings are controversial. There are no randomized data in humans, and prior animal studies studied time from experimental manipulation, not from the onset of clinical features of sepsis. Using a recently developed murine cecal ligation and puncture model that precisely monitors physiologic deterioration, we hypothesize that incremental hourly delays in the first dose of antibiotics, in the first bolus of fluid resuscitation, or a combination of the two at a clinically relevant point of physiologic deterioration during polymicrobial sepsis will shorten survival.

Design:
Randomized laboratory animal experimental trial.

Setting:
University basic science laboratory.

Subjects:
Male C57BL/6J, female C57BL/6J, aged (40–50 wk old) male C57BL/6J, and BALB/C mice.

Interventions:
Mice (n = 200) underwent biotelemetry-enhanced cecal ligation and puncture and were randomized after meeting validated criteria for acute physiologic deterioration. Treatment groups consisted of a single dose of imipenem/cilastatin, a single bolus of 30 mL/kg fluid resuscitation, or a combination of the two. Mice were allocated to receive treatment at the time of meeting deterioration criteria, after a 2-hour delay or after a 4-hour delay.

Measurements and Main Results:
Hourly delays in the initiation of antibiotic therapy led to progressively shortened survival in our model (p < 0.001). The addition of fluid resuscitation was unable to rescue animals, which received treatment 4 hours after meeting enrollment criteria. Systemic inflammation was increased, and host physiology was increasingly deranged with hourly delays to antibiotics.

Conclusions:
We conclude that antibiotic therapy is highly time sensitive, and efforts should be made to deliver this critical therapy as early as possible in sepsis, perhaps extending into the first point of medical contact outside the hospital.
Effects of a Kundalini Yoga Program on Elementary and Middle School Students' Stress, Affect, and Resilience
Authors: Sarkissian Meliné , Trent Natalie L. , Huchting Karen , Singh Khalsa Sat Bir 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The Your Own Greatness Affirmed (YOGA) for Youth program delivers yoga to urban inner-city schools with the goal of providing practical benefits that support underserved children at high risk of behavioral and emotional problems. A 10-week YOGA for Youth program delivered 1 to 2 times per week was implemented in 3 schools in urban neighborhoods to examine the effect of the program on student stress, affect, and resilience.

Methods:
Thirty children were administered the Perceived Stress Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Resilience Scale before and after the yoga program. After the program, informal qualitative interviews were conducted with school teachers, yoga teachers, and students to determine the overall impact of the yoga program.

Results:
The quantitative results of this study indicated that the yoga program significantly improved students stress (p < 0.05), positive affect (p < 0.05), and resilience (p < 0.001). The qualitative results indicated that students, school teachers, and yoga teachers all found the program to be beneficial for students' well-being.

Conclusion:
Taken together, these data suggest that the YOGA for Youth program may provide students in low-income urban schools with behavioral skills that will protect against risk factors associated with the development of behavioral and emotional problems.
BETA-D-GLUCAN TESTING IN PATIENTS WITH FUNGAL ENDOPHTHALMITIS
Authors: Kolomeyer Anton M. , Murphy Kathleen M. , Traband Anastasia , Frank Ian , Kim Benjamin J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To review the literature on beta-D-glucan (BDG) testing in fungal endophthalmitis.

Methods:
Review of primary literature using PubMed through April 2017 and presentation of an illustrative case report. A total of 231 articles were identified and 43 were ultimately chosen for review based on relevance and presence of ophthalmologic examination and objective data.

Results:
Beta-D-glucan is a major component of fungal cell walls. It is quantified using a calorimetry-based Fungitell assay based on modification of the limulus amebocyte lysate. Serum BDG levels are commonly used clinically in conjunction with other tests for early surveillance and diagnosis of invasive fungal infections. In the ophthalmic literature, elevated levels of BDG have been detected in vitreous fluid of patients undergoing vitrectomy for fungal endophthalmitis, tear fluid of patients with mycotic keratitis, and serum of a patient with bilateral endogenous subretinal abscesses. Elevated serum BDG levels appear to be highly associated with fungal endophthalmitis. Potential uses and considerations with regards to test limitations are discussed.

Conclusion:
Beta-D-glucan testing may be used as an adjunct to support a diagnosis, initiate pharmacologic therapy or surgical intervention, and optimize overall clinical management in patients diagnosed with or under clinical suspicion for invasive fungal infections, including endophthalmitis. Additional clinical studies are necessary to fully characterize the utility of BDG testing in patients with fungal endophthalmitis.
Paracanthal “One-Snip” Decompression in a Cadaver Model of Retrobulbar Hemorrhage
Authors: Blandford Alexander D. , Young Jason M. , Arepalli Sruthi , Li Ang , Hwang Catherine J. , Perry Julian D. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
The authors assess the effectiveness of a modified paracanthal or “one-snip” procedure compared with the traditional lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis in the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) and proptosis in a human cadaveric model of retrobulbar hemorrhage.

Methods:
This study comprised a comparative interventional study in a cadaveric model of retrobulbar hemorrhage. Six orbits of 3 fresh cadavers were included in the study. Baseline measurements of IOP and proptosis were recorded for all 6 orbits before and after simulation of retrobulbar hemorrhage as previously described. Right orbits (n = 3) underwent traditional lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis. Left orbits (n = 3) underwent modified paracanthal or “one-snip” procedure. The primary outcome measures were reduction in IOP and proptosis between the 2 techniques.

Results:
Following lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis of each right orbit, the average IOP dropped to 14 mm Hg (range of 11–18 mm Hg), corresponding to a mean decrease of 32 mm Hg. Following the “one-snip” procedure of each left orbit, the average IOP dropped to 19 mm Hg with a range of 16 to 23 mm Hg, corresponding to a mean decrease of 22 mm Hg. There was no statistically significant difference in IOP reduction (p = 0.36) or proptosis reduction (p = 0.23) between the 2 treatment groups.

Conclusions:
Compared with traditional lateral canthotomy xand inferior cantholysis, the modified paracanthal or “one-snip” procedure is effective for IOP reduction and led to mild improvement of proptosis in a cadaveric model of retrobulbar hemorrhage. The authors hope this study helps improve orbital compartment syndrome outcomes by providing an option that more providers will feel comfortable performing and therefore decreasing time to surgical decompression.
Analysis of Complications After Button Battery Ingestion in Children
Authors: Varga Ágnes , Kovács Tamás , Saxena Amulya K. 
Published: January 2018

Aim
Button battery ingestion (BBI) in children may cause severe complications. This analysis is a literature review of complications after pediatric BBI.

Methods
Literature was searched on PubMed (1995–2015) using the terms “button battery,” “ingestion,” and “children.” End points were age, type and diameter of battery, complications, affected organ, and fatality.

Results
A total of 31 publications were analyzed. Patients from 4 months to 19 years old were included (n = 136,191, with n = 102,143 or 75% aged <6 y). In 6262, the diameter of the battery was documented. Batteries of 20 mm or greater in size were more prone to complications (n = 226). With regard to the anatomy, BBI caused complications mainly in the esophagus (n = 88, 38.94%). Sixty-one fatal outcomes were reported.

Conclusions
Children younger than 6 years are the most prone to BBI, with lithium batteries of 20 mm or greater in size associated with complications. Complications have been estimated at 0.165%, with lethality of 0.04%. The esophagus is the most affected organ, but vascular involvement is often fatal.
Patient-Reported Dental Safety Events: A South African Perspective
Authors: Obadan-Udoh Enihomo , Van der Berg-Cloete Sophy , Ramoni Rachel , Kalenderian Elsbeth , White John George 
Published: January 2018

Objectives
In recent years, there has been an increase in research studies highlighting patients’ experiences of adverse events (AEs) as well as the role of patients in promoting safety. The primary goal of the study was to assess the prevalence of dental AEs (DAEs) among dental patients in South Africa and its associated factors. The integration of the patient perspective into dental patient safety research will enhance our collective understanding of DAEs.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of adult patients at a large dental academic institution in South Africa from May to June 2015, evaluating their previous experiences of DAEs at any dental clinic in South Africa. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing a DAE.

Results
A total of 440 questionnaires were returned during the 6-week study period (response rate = 97.8%). Overall, 45.5% of participants reported experiencing one or more DAEs. Two hundred participants reported a total of 717 DAEs giving us a lifetime prevalence of 1.6 DAEs per respondent. Our results suggest that respondents who were younger (18–24 y), from high-income families (>R150,000 or US $9200), dissatisfied with their last dental visit and oral health had an increased likelihood of reporting a previous experience of a DAE.

Conclusions
This study provides an insight into the nature of information that can be gleaned from dental patients regarding safety and helps lay the foundation for patient involvement in patient safety reporting.
Gastric Lipoma
Authors: Chagarlamudi Kaushik , Devita Robert , Barr Richard G. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Gastric lipoma is a rare benign tumor of the stomach. The imaging characteristics are diagnostic because the lesion has fat attenuation on computed tomography and demonstrates characteristics of fat on magnetic resonance images. On ultrasound, the lesion can be identified as a lesion hypoechoic to the gastric mucosa that is soft, but the mass cannot be displaced with compression. Identifying these imaging characteristics can prevent biopsy or surgery in asymptomatic patients. Although this lesion is benign, it can cause gastric obstruction.
Does Brow Lift Add Risk to Blepharoplasty? Answers From a Multicenter Analysis of 6126 Patients Undergoing Aesthetic Eye Surgery
Authors: Wormer Blair A. , Rankin Timothy M. , Kaoutzanis Christodoulos , Al Kassis Salam , Gupta Varun , Grotting James C. , Higdon Kent K. 
Published: January 2018

Background
Browlift is frequently combinedwith blepharoplasty; however, the literature is lacking on their combined effect on complication rates.

Objectives
This study aims to evaluate major complication rates after blepharoplasty and brow lift and to determine if complication rates increase when blepharoplasty and brow lift were performed simultaneously.

Methods
A prospective cohort of patients who underwent cosmetic blepharoplasty, brow lift, or a combination of the 2 procedures between 2008 and 2013 was identified from the CosmetAssure Insurance database. The primary outcome was a postoperative major complication requiring emergency room evaluation, hospital admission, or reoperation within 30 days. Groups were compared with univariate analysis (significance, P < 0.05).

Results
A total of 6126 patients underwent aesthetic eye surgery, of which, 4879 (79.6%) underwent blepharoplasty, 441 (7.2%) brow lift, and 806 (13.2%) a combination the 2 procedures. Patients who underwent a combined procedure were older than patients who underwent isolated blepharoplasty or brow lift (55.5 ± 9.4 vs 54.6 ± 11.1 vs 53.3 ± 12.0 years; P < 0.01). In males, blepharoplasty was the most commonly performed procedure, followed by a combined procedure and brow lift (17.6% vs 12.9% vs 10.7%; P < 0.01). There were similar rates of smokers between the 3 groups (5.7% vs 8.0% vs 6.6%; P = 0.06). Between combined procedures, blepharoplasty, and brow lift there, were similar rates of major complications (0.4% vs 0.4% vs 0.7%; P = 0.65) and hematoma (0.2% vs 0.2% vs 0.5%; P = 0.49), which was the most common complication.

Conclusions
Aesthetic eye surgery has a very low overall major complication rate (0.4%). When brow lift is combined with blepharoplasty, it poses no additional risk of major complications compared with either procedure alone.
Synthesis of gypsogenin derivatives with capabilities to arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis in human cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Haochao , Mu Yanling , Wang Fengling , Song Leling , Sun Jie , Liu Yongjun , Sun Jingyong 
Published: January 2018

Thirty-two gypsogenin derivatives were synthesized and screened for their cytotoxic activities. Their structures were established using IR,
1
H NMR,
13
C NMR, and LC-MS spectroscopic data. In MTT assays nearly all the compounds displayed good cytotoxicity in the low μM range for several human tumour cell lines (A549, LOVO, SKOV3 and HepG2). Low IC
50
values were obtained especially for the carboxamides
7a
–
7j
, for an oxime derivative
3
and a (2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono derivative
4
. In particular, the IC
50
values of compounds
4
(IC
50
= 2.97 ± 1.13 µΜ) and
7 g
(IC
50
= 3.59 ± 2.04 µΜ) against LOVO cells were found to be much lower than those of the other derivatives and parent compound. These compounds were submitted to an extensive biological testing and proved compounds
4
and
7 g
to act mainly by an arrest of the tumour cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. In addition, compounds
4
and
7 g
triggered the apoptotic pathway in cancer cells, showing high apoptosis ratios.
Male mice with large inversions or deletions of X-palindrome arms are fertile and express their associated genes post-meiosis
Authors: Kruger Alyssa N. , Ellison Quinn , Brogley Michele A. , Gerlinger Emma R. , Mueller Jacob L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLarge (>10 kb) palindromic sequences are enriched on mammalian sex chromosomes. In mice, these palindromes harbor gene families (≥2 gene copies) expressed exclusively in post-meiotic testicular germ cells, at a time when most single-copy sex-linked genes are transcriptionally repressed. This distinct expression pattern led to the hypothesis that containment within palindrome structures or having ≥2 gene enables post-meiotic gene expression. We tested these two hypotheses by using CRISPR to precisely engineer large (10’s of kb) inversions and deletions of X chromosome palindrome arms for two regions carrying the mouse 4930567H17Rik and Mageb5 gene families. We found that 4930567H17Rik and Mageb5 gene expression is unaffected in mice carrying palindrome arm inversions, suggesting that palindromic structure is not important for mediating palindrome-associated gene expression. We also found that 4930567H17Rik and Mageb5 gene expression is reduced by half in mice carrying palindrome arm deletions, allowing us to test whether palindrome-associated genes are sensitive to reduced expression levels resulting in spermatogenic defects. Male mice carrying palindrome arm deletions of 4930567H17Rik or Mageb5, however, are fertile, have normal testis histology, and show no aberrations in spermatogenic cell population frequencies via FACS quantification. Together, these findings suggest that large palindromic structures on the sex chromosomes are not necessary for their associated genes to evade post-meiotic transcriptional repression and that these genes are not sensitive to reduced expression levels. Large sex chromosome palindromes may thus be important for other reasons, such as the long-term evolutionary stability of their associated gene families.