bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain, Quality of Life, and Clinical Outcomes after Robotic Lobectomy
Authors: Mosala Nezhad Zahra , Kahn David , Steyaert Arnaud , Poncelet Alain , Pieters Thierry , Noirhomme Philippe , Lacroix Valerie 
Published: August 2016

Background To evaluate pulmonary function, pain, and quality of life at midterm after robotic lobectomy performed in a single institution.
Methods Sixty-five consecutive patients underwent robotic thoracic surgery over 32 months using a complete four-arm portal technique. Sixty-one patients underwent lobectomies predominantly for stage I non–small cell lung cancer. Pulmonary function tests were repeated at midterm follow-up. Pain and quality of life were evaluated during the follow-up on a subgroup of 39 patients, excluding the learning period.
Results At a mean of 7-month follow-up, there was no significant difference in preoperative and midterm postoperative pulmonary function. A total of 62.5% of the patients reported a variable intensity of discomfort or pain at the surgical site, with a mean pain intensity score of 2.1 ± 1.4. Mean pain interference score were weak (1.8 ± 1.9), with patients with moderate pain reporting significantly higher pain interference scores than those with mild pain (p = 0.0025). Only one patient suffered from neuropathic-like pain. Quality of life was globally favorable and related to the pain level, with a significant interference on the physical component.
Conclusion Robotic lobectomy does not appear to have an impact on midterm pulmonary function. Persistent postoperative pain is mild, nonneuropathic-like, with weak interference on daily activities. Quality of life is satisfactory but related to the pain level.
Captivity humanizes the primate microbiome
Authors: Clayton Jonathan B. , Vangay Pajau , Huang Hu , Ward Tonya , Hillmann Benjamin M. , Al-Ghalith Gabriel A. , Travis Dominic A. , Long Ha Thang , Tuan Bui Van , Minh Vo Van , Cabana Francis , Nadler Tilo , Toddes Barbara , Murphy Tami , Glander Kenneth E. , Johnson Timothy J. , Knights Dan 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Trillions of bacteria live in the primate gut, contributing to metabolism, immune system development, and pathogen resistance. Perturbations to these bacteria are associated with metabolic and autoimmune human diseases that are prevalent in Westernized societies. Herein, we measured gut microbial communities and diet in multiple primate species living in the wild, in a sanctuary, and in full captivity. We found that captivity and loss of dietary fiber in nonhuman primates are associated with loss of native gut microbiota and convergence toward the modern human microbiome, suggesting that parallel processes may be driving recent loss of core microbial biodiversity in humans.
Dental calculus reveals Mesolithic foragers in the Balkans consumed domesticated plant foods
Authors: Cristiani Emanuela , Radini Anita , Edinborough Marija , Borić Dušan 
Published: August 2016

Significance
The starch record entrapped in dental calculus of Mesolithic human teeth from the site of Vlasac in the central Balkans provides direct evidence that complex Late Mesolithic foragers of this region consumed domesticated cereal grains. Our results challenge the established view of the Neolithization in Europe that domestic cereals were introduced to the Balkans around ∼6200 calibrated (cal.) BC as a part of a “package” that also included domesticated animals and artifacts, which accompanied the arrival of Neolithic communities. We infer that Neolithic domesticated plants were transmitted independently from the rest of Neolithic novelties from ∼6600 cal. BC onwards, reaching inland foragers deep in the Balkan hinterland through established social networks that linked forager and farmer groups.
Explosive ice age diversification of kiwi
Authors: Weir Jason T. , Haddrath Oliver , Robertson Hugh A. , Colbourne Rogan M. , Baker Allan J. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
The role of Pleistocene ice ages in driving a recent burst of diversification is controversial. We used thousands of loci to test the timing and rates of diversification in kiwi—a flightless avian group endemic to New Zealand. Not only did we discover many kiwi taxa—we found 16 or 17 genetically distinct lineages within the currently recognized five species—but we found that most diversification dates to the seven major glacial advances that characterized the latter half of the Pleistocene ice ages and that directly fragmented New Zealand into a series of glacial refugia. Rates at which new kiwi taxa originated increased fivefold during these major cycles, thus linking rapid kiwi diversification to glacial periods.
Repeated replacement of an intrabacterial symbiont in the tripartite nested mealybug symbiosis
Authors: Husnik Filip , McCutcheon John P. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Mealybugs are plant sap-sucking insects with a nested symbiotic arrangement, where one bacterium lives inside another bacterium, which together live inside insect cells. These two bacteria, along with genes transferred from other bacteria to the insect genome, allow the insect to survive on its nutrient-poor diet. Here, we show that the innermost bacterium in this nested symbiosis was replaced several times over evolutionary history. These results show that highly integrated and interdependent symbiotic systems can experience symbiont replacement and suggest that similar dynamics could have occurred in building the mosaic metabolic pathways seen in mitochondria and plastids.
Lead removal from brass scrap by fluorine-free compound separation
Authors: Hilgendorf S. , Binz F. , Welter J.-M. , Friedrich B. 
Published: August 2016

Taking complexity of process technology, economical and environmental reasons as well as time impact into account, removal of lead based on intermetallics formation and subsequent separation proves to be the most balanced approach. The hitherto used aggregation agent sodium fluoride does serve as a suitable additive in European countries. Therefore, fluorine-free compound separation is evaluated. Thermochemical modelling of Cu–Zn–Pb–Ca–O system identifies ideal process conditions, namely, charging calcium with an amount of 1.5 wt-% at 930°C. Experiments carried out at stated parameters reveal comprehensive formation of Pb–Ca compounds, chemically similar to the stoichiometric intermetallic phase Ca5Pb3. Thus, the results prove the technological feasibility of lead removal from molten brass scrap using fluorine-free compound separation. This paper is part of a Themed Issue on Brass Alloys.
Effects of Coded-Wire-Tagging on Stream-Dwelling Sea Lamprey Larvae
Authors: Johnson Nicholas S. , Swink William D. , Dawson Heather A. , Jones Michael L. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The effects of coded wire tagging Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus larvae from a known-aged stream-dwelling population were assessed. Tagged larvae were significantly shorter on average than untagged larvae from 3 to 18 months after tagging. However, 30 months after tagging, the length distribution of tagged and untagged larvae did not differ and tagged Sea Lampreys were in better condition (i.e., higher condition factor) and more likely to have undergone metamorphosis than the untagged population. The reason why tagged larvae were more likely to metamorphose is not clear, but the increased likelihood of metamorphosis could have been a compensatory response to the period of slower growth after tagging. Slower growth after tagging was consistent across larval size-classes, so handling and displacement from quality habitat during the early part of the growing season was likely the cause rather than the tag burden. The tag effects observed in this study, if caused by displacement and handling, may be minimized in future studies if tagging is conducted during autumn after growth has concluded for the year.
Received November 25, 2015; accepted April 25, 2016 Published online August 30, 2016
Fluctuations in running and skill‐related performance in elite rugby union match‐play
Authors: Lacome Mathieu , Piscione Julien , Hager Jean‐Philippe , Carling Chris 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study investigated end‐game and transient changes in running activities and whether these were concomitantly associated with reductions in skill‐related performance in senior international rugby union match‐play. Altogether, 18 official matches were analysed (322 individual observations) using computerised video‐based tracking and event coding (Amisco Pro®, SUP, Nice, France). In forwards and backs, trivial to small reductions (% difference: −2.1, ±1.3 to −10.0, ±4.0%) in total distance and that covered at high speeds (>18.0 km h−1) occurred in the second‐ versus the first‐half while there were trivial differences in skill‐related performance measures (−2.3, ±4.5 to 7.5, ±14.0%). In both positions, small to moderate declines (−42, ±10 to −21, ±7%) occurred in high‐speed running in the final 10‐min and 5‐min periods versus mean values for all other 10‐min and 5‐min periods throughout the game while only small changes (−18, ±51 to 13, ±41%) in skill‐related performance were observed. Trivial changes in running and skill‐related performance (−11, ±74 to 7, ±39%) were observed in the 5‐min period immediately following the most intense 5‐minute periods of play compared to mean performance over the other 5‐min periods. These findings suggest that international rugby union players were generally able to maintain skill‐related performance over the course of match‐play even when declines in running performance occurred.
Pathways to sustainable intensification through crop water management
Authors: MacDonald Graham K , D’Odorico Paolo , Seekell David A 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
How much could farm water management interventions increase global crop production? This is the central question posed in a global modelling study by Jägermeyr et al (2016 Environ. Res. Lett.

11 025002). They define the biophysical realm of possibility for future gains in crop production related to agricultural water practices—enhancing water availability to crops and expanding irrigation by reducing non-productive water consumption. The findings of Jägermeyr et al offer crucial insight on the potential for crop water management to sustainably intensify agriculture, but they also provide a benchmark to consider the broader role of sustainable intensification targets in the global food system. Here, we reflect on how the global crop water management simulations of Jägermeyr et al could interact with: (1) farm size at more local scales, (2) downstream water users at the river basin scale, as well as (3) food trade and (4) demand-side food system strategies at the global scale. Incorporating such cross-scale linkages in future research could highlight the diverse pathways needed to harness the potential of farm-level crop water management for a more productive and sustainable global food system.
Epictetus
Authors: Sellars John 
Published: August 2016

The philosopher Epictetus (b. c. 55–d. c. 135 ce) came originally from Hierapolis in Asia Minor and became a slave in Rome under Epaphroditus, one of Nero’s ministers. He attended the lectures of the Stoic philosopher Musonius Rufus in Rome, at some point gained his freedom, and initially lectured in Rome but fled in the wake of Domitian’s ban against philosophers (c. 92–93 ce). He went on to found his own philosophical school in Nicopolis, Greece, which attracted many famous visitors, not least the emperor Hadrian. Epictetus is regularly referred to as the author of two works, the Dissertationes (Diatribai, Discourses) and the Enchiridion (Encheiridion; Handbook, Manual) although, in fact, both are the work of his pupil Arrian, the noted historian. The Dissertationes contains lively records of discussions with students and visitors that supposedly took place in Epictetus’s classroom, sometime around 108 ce. The Enchiridion is a short summary distilling the central ideas found in the Dissertationes. Four books of the Dissertationes survive out of an original eight or perhaps even twelve (cf. Photius, Bibliotheca cod. 58, who refers to eight books of discourses [Diatribai] and twelve books of conversations [Homiliai]; these could be different titles for the same work), and a number of fragments from the lost books are preserved by other authors. Epictetus was especially famous in his day, a fact reported by a number of sources, including Origen and Lucian. He was an important influence on Marcus Aurelius and later his Enchiridion received a substantial commentary from the Neoplatonist Simplicius. The Enchiridion was adapted for use in a Christian context in the early Middle Ages more than once and translated into Latin during the Renaissance by Perotti and then again by Poliziano. His works were especially popular in the 17th and 18th centuries, a fact attested by the large number of editions and translations of his works produced then. For many years scholarship on Epictetus was dominated by the work of Adolf Bonhöffer, who argued for Epictetus’s complete orthodoxy as a Stoic. For a period there was a trend away from this, pointing to distinctive and innovative aspects of Epictetus’s philosophy. More recent work has acknowledged the distinctive features of Epictetus while at the same time agreeing with Bonhöffer that on most points of doctrine Epictetus remains essentially an orthodox Stoic.
Albert Camus
Authors: Simpson David 
Published: August 2016

The identity of Albert Camus (b. 1913–d. 1960) as a philosopher is ambiguous, and his own relation to philosophy was ambivalent. He hesitated to identify as a philosopher, and following his publication of The Rebel, and his confrontation with Jean-Paul Sartre, his standing and ability as a philosopher was often dismissed. In the popular imagination, he became an existentialist, the “philosopher of the absurd,” and the “conscience of postwar France.” There seem to be two explanations for the ambiguity and ambivalence. First, Camus clearly wasn’t, and didn’t see himself as or desire to be, a discursive theoretical philosopher. He was skeptical of the efficacy of systematic philosophy and metaphysical thinking, and none of his mature writing fits this mold. He is instead what Alexander Nehamas has called a “philosopher of the art of living,” like Socrates, Nietzsche, or Foucault. Or, as Matthew Sharpe (see Sharpe 2015, cited under Intellectual Biographies of Camus) and others have claimed, Camus was a “philosophe,” an expression evoking 18th-century, mainly French, thinkers such as Rousseau, de Condorcet, and Voltaire: public intellectuals focused on worldly, political problems, rather than abstract concerns of theoretical philosophy. Second, much of Camus’s writing, both the clearly fictional and the more clearly philosophical, can be understood as a response to contingent historical circumstance, and his work might therefore be seen, from a philosophical perspective, as anachronistic and of little philosophical relevance. However, while this is partly true, it is perverse to deny the continuing relevance of a writer who addresses issues such as the challenge for an individual finding himself or herself in a meaningless life or an impossible situation, the difference between enlightened rebellion and reactionary irrationalism, the ethics of violence, and the complexity of anti- and postcolonialism. The approach taken in this bibliography is that Camus is not a theoretical philosopher, but a philosopher in Nehamas’s or Sharpe’s sense. After his death, and perhaps in the period leading up to his death, Camus lost prominence. His novels remained in print, and L’Étranger became a standard high school text around the world, but Camus the thinker and activist was relegated to a historical niche. Outside France he retained popularity among the New Left, offering a progressive alternative to Stalinism, but that movement had waned by the 1970s. Since the last decade of the 20th century, however, there has been a significant revival of interest, and the majority of the works in this bibliography have been drawn from this “revival.”
Casablanca
Authors: Lev Peter 
Published: August 2016

Casablanca was a critical and popular success when it was released in 1942–1943, and many decades later it is still loved and respected. The American Film Institute’s 1998 poll of “100 Best American Films” listed Casablanca as number 2, behind only Citizen Kane. In a similar BBC poll from 2015 it had dropped to number 9, just behind Psycho, but that is still a remarkable result for a medium budget, black-and-white film from the 1940s. The story of American expatriate Richard Blaine (Humphrey Bogart) and political refugees Victor Laszlo (Paul Henreid) and Ilsa Lund (Ingrid Bergman) in French Morocco is very specific and topical. It is also a mythic and near-universal story, as proposed by Umberto Eco (see Myth and Psychoanalysis), among others. The enduring fascination with Casablanca is probably based on its many appeals—one appeal may fade but others come to the fore. It is at once a fine example of Hollywood wartime propaganda, a dark and exotic film noir, a compassionate film about refugees, a classic love story involving two major stars, a film that more than any other established Bogart as an existential hero, a film of mythic and psychological depth, and a demonstration of the excellent craftsmanship of the Hollywood studio period (c. 1930–1960). The production history of Casablanca has probably been analyzed more than any other Hollywood film. Who was responsible for this film’s quality? Was it the producer Hal Wallis; the director Michael Curtiz; the star actors Bogart, Bergman, and Henreid: the character actors Claude Rains, Conrad Veidt, Peter Lorre, S. Z. Sakall, Madeleine LeBeau, and so on; the writers Julius Epstein, Philip Epstein, Howard Koch, and Casey Robinson; the composer Max Steiner; all of the above; or some of the above? Or was it just luck, a “happy accident,” as proclaimed by Andrew Sarris (see Michael Curtiz)? The lengthy debate has helped us understand the complexities and capabilities of the Hollywood studio system. Casablanca has also become a touchstone of film theory, used in major books and articles on semiotics, myth criticism, mise-en-scène criticism, political criticism, and reception theory. Casablanca was once considered a cult film, with spectators returning again and again and speaking the most famous lines aloud, for example “Here’s looking at you, kid.” It is now simply part of the way we think and feel.
Screw Stripping After Repeated Cortical Screw Insertion—Can We Trust the Cancellous “Bailout” Screw?
Authors: Marmor Meir , Mirick Gudrun , Matityahu Amir 
Published: August 2016

Background:
During osteosynthesis standard nonlocking cortical screws often require reinsertion, raising concern over possible decrease in their effectiveness. This study aims to quantify that potential loss of fixation with reinsertions as well as examine the ability of a cancellous “bailout screw” to regain insertion torque in a previously stripped screw hole.

Methods:
Four different types of bone surrogates were chosen to represent normal cortical bone, osteoporotic cortical bone, high-density (normal) cancellous bone, and low-density (osteoporotic) cancellous bone; nonlocked 3.5-mm cortical screws were inserted into the predrilled holes 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 times before being torqued maximally to the point of stripping. A 4.0-mm cancellous “bailout” screw was then placed into the same hole and torqued until stripping. Torque was measured continuously using a torque-measuring screwdriver and maximal insertion torque (MIT) of 3.5 and 4.0 screws before stripping was recorded.

Results:
MIT decreased with reinsertion of nonlocked cortical screws. By the third reinsertion in all but the normal bone surrogates, the screws lost approximately one third to one half of their original MIT (50%–71% of original torque). The bailout screw succeeded in restoring the original MIT in the osteoporotic cancellous bone surrogate and the normal cortical bone surrogate. In the normal cancellous and osteoporotic cortical bone surrogates, the bailout screw was only able to restore an average of 50% (range 31%–63%) of the original MIT.

Conclusions:
Screw reinsertion may significantly reduce the MIT of 3.5-mm nonlocked cortical screws. Use of the bailout cancellous screw for a stripped cortical screw should be expected to restore MIT only in normal cortical bone and osteoporotic cancellous bone. In other scenarios, the bailout screw should not be expected to uniformly restore full insertion torque.
Spectacles under Pedicles: Eyewear Modification with the Paramedian Forehead Flap
Authors: Qu Linda T. , Kelpin John P. , Eichhorn Mitchell G. , Komorowska-Timek Ewa 
Published: August 2016

Summary:
The paramedian forehead flap is a widely used method of nasal reconstruction. The flap requires a bridge of tissue from forehead to the nose, for a period of 2 to 3 weeks, before it can be divided at a second procedure. During this time, patients often have difficulty positioning and wearing their eyewear underneath the pedicle of the flap. Here we present a novel approach to the problem. It requires only a simple modification to the patient’s eyewear and greatly facilitates wear and removal.
Clinical Assessment of the Safety and Effectiveness of Nonablative Fractional Laser Combined with Transdermal Delivery of Botulinum Toxin A in Treating Periocular Wrinkles
Authors: Fan Xing , Yin Yue , Wang Shiping , Li Tong , Xue Ping , Yang Qing , Ma Qiaoxin 
Published: August 2016

Summary:
The upper and lower eyelids are traditionally contraindicated for subcutaneous botulinum toxin A (BTX) injection because of possible complications. We assessed the clinical safety and effectiveness of nonablative fractional laser (NAFL) combined with transdermal delivery of BTX in the treatment of periocular wrinkles. Thirty patients who had periocular wrinkles were treated with 1,565-nm NAFL in combination in the left periocular area and normal saline in the corresponding area of the right eye. VISIA skin detector was used to photograph and compare the changes induced by treatment. We also recorded the comfort level of the patients. All 28 patients could tolerate the pain caused by the laser treatment and showed no apparent discomfort during percutaneous drug delivery. No chromatosis or ptosis of upper eyelids occurred after the treatment. We used VISIA to detect changes at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively, after the treatment. The periocular wrinkles decreased, and the flabbiness of eyelids was significantly reduced. The upper and lower eyelids are traditionally contraindicated for subcutaneous BTX injection, as it may cause complications. The treatment combining 1,565-nm NAFL and transdermal delivery of BTX can decrease periocular wrinkles and flabbiness while avoiding complications to the greatest extent. None of the 28 patients who had completed the treatment suffered from complications or adverse effects; all were satisfied with the treatment outcome.