bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS: UMA REALIDADE NA CLÍNICA DE PEQUENOS ANIMAIS
Authors: Monteiro Kamyla Muniz , Silva Gabriel de Souza , Dias Flávia Regina Cruz 
Published: October 2024

Resumo: Os cuidados paliativos em pequenos animais é um fator determinante no alívio da dor e na qualidade de vida durante os estágios finais. Garantir o bem-estar dos animais e centrada no paciente, com foco não apenas na gestão da dor, mas no bem-estar mental e a qualidade de vida. A medicina veterinária vem evoluindo e não se limita apenas aos tratamentos curativos, mas também nos cuidados paliativos. Esta é uma área em ascensão, especialmente devido ao papel que os animais desempenham como membros da família. Os cuidados holísticos e compassivos para animais enfermos e idosos são cruciais, pois busca promover uma qualidade de vida em seus últimos estágios de vida. A importância dos cuidados paliativos está diretamente ligada à expectativa de vida destes animais, o que resulta em um maior número de doenças crônicas. Quando a cura não é possível, os cuidados paliativos oferecem suporte aos animais e aos seus tutores, minimizando o sofrimento de ambos. O processo de luto também faz parte da realidade dos profissionais da área, que precisam lidar com essa situação de maneira eficaz como parte de suas responsabilidades. Nesse contexto, este estudo aborda os cuidados paliativos, sua origem até o processo de luto. A pesquisa concentra-se em analisar estudos já publicados sobre cuidados paliativos em pequenos animais. Utilizando fontes confiáveis, como PubVet, Scielo e Google Scholar, trazendo um panorama mais abrangente sobre essa temática que visa, compreender as principais abordagens, desafios e perspectivas, a fim de subsidiar a qualificação da prática em clínicas veterinárias.
The price of inequality: How state tax policies widen the wealth gap
Authors: Qian Derek 
Published: October 2024

State taxation has become particularly regressive in recent decades. Across the country, states have increasingly begun to rely on sales and consumption taxes to fund significant portions of their expenditures. Given that these taxes disproportionately hurt lower classes that spend a larger portion of their income on consumable goods and services, these trends widen wealth gaps. By replacing and reducing progressive income taxes with these regressive forms of taxation, levels of inequality have risen. This paper examines the impact of such state and local taxes on the levels of income inequality within each state. Through empirical analysis, it identifies a substantial and positive correlation between the regressivity of state tax codes, as measured by the relative tax burdens on different income brackets, and the levels of inequality, as quantified by the income share of the top 1%. In this study, I examine the relationship between state tax policies and income inequality in the United States. By analyzing the tax structures of different states, I identify a significant correlation between regressive taxes, that disproportionately burden the less wealthy, and increased income inequality. Using quantitative data from 2013 to 2019, I show that states that rely more on taxes that burden working class families, like sales and excise taxes, witness larger portions of wealth concentration within the top 1%. These findings suggest that tax policy at the state level significantly shapes wealth distribution and highlight the need for reforms to reduce inequality at the state level.
Evolução dos casos de infarto agudo do miocárdio no sudeste do Brasil: um estudo ecológico
Authors: Nascimento Aragão Vladmir , Gonçalves Pires Fernandes Ingridy Tayane , Aparecida Leoni Elaine , Aparecida Caetano Solange , Vieira Valdemir , Regino Magalhães Plínio , Regino Magalhães Lilian , Lopes Adriane , Batista Flores Péricles Cristiano , De Oliveira Florentino Anelvira , Rodrigues Luciana , Lima do Nascimento Aparecida , Flora de Melo Silvana 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: Sabe-se que o Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio é uma doença responsável pela principal causa de morte no mundo, sendo prevalente em regiões com alta densidade populacional, como no caso do Sudeste. OBJETIVO: O estudo ecológico tem como objetivo analisar a epidemiologia dos casos de IAM no Sudeste entre os anos de 2018 e 2023 com informações disponíveis no DataSUS. MÉTODOS: A pesquisa é um estudo descritivo, transversal e analítico, baseado em dados do DATASUS. Incluiu-se pessoas internadas com diagnóstico de infarto do miocárdio no Nordeste entre 2018 e 2023. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e do Sistema de Informação de Câncer (SISCAN). As variáveis foram região, sexo, idade, raça e óbitos, com cálculo de frequências absolutas e percentuais para as variáveis categóricas. RESULTADOS: São Paulo concentrou mais da metade das internações por infarto na região (55,87%). A faixa etária predominante foi de 60 a 69 anos (32,38%), seguida por 50 a 59 anos e 70 a 79 anos. Homens representaram quase dois terços das internações (63,96%), e as maiores proporções de raça foram de Brancos (45,36%) e Pardos (34,85%). As internações aumentaram ao longo dos anos, com pico em 2023 (19,74%). Em 2022 registrou-se mais óbitos (7.046), porém a maior taxa de mortalidade foi em 2018 (10,10%). CONCLUSÃO: Logo, percebe-se uma extensa concentrações de IAM no Sudeste, com uma considerada taxa de óbitos, sendo necessário investimentos na atenção primária para diminuir tal contingente.
Efficacy of Different Bio-agents, Botanicals, Fungicides and Nano-fungicides against Pyricularia oryzae
Authors: Raghuvanshi Himendra Raj , Biswas S. K. 
Published: October 2024

A study was conducted during the period 2021-2023 at, Department of Plant Pathology, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur and the field experiments at Student Instructional Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of agriculture and Technology, during research period different bio-agent, botanicals, Azotrix (Azoxystrobin 16.7 % + Tricyclazole 33.3% SC) and nanofunficides are used and data were recorded regarding there efficacy in inhibition of mycelial growth of Pyricularia oryzae causing rice blast in Completely randomised design (CRD) under in-vitro condition by adopting principle of dual culture technique and food poision technique. All the selected treatments proved effective and reduce mycelial growth of pathogen, among bioagents T. viride (46.47%) were superior over T. harzianum (43.26 %) and Pseudomonas fluorescence (57.71 %) was better than Bacillus subtilis (48.54%), in botanicals bael leaf extract were found superior (86.32%) over neem leaf extract (74.43%), Fungicide (Azotrix @ 25, 50 and 100ppm) can reduce growth upto 85% over control and among nanofungicides Silver nanoparticles @10ppm was found best which can inhibit (61.87%) mycelial growth.
Eddy‐induced carbon transport across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Moreau Sébastien , Penna Alice Della , Llort Joan , Patel Ramkrushnbhai , Langlais Clothilde , Boyd Philip W. , Matear Richard J. , Phillips Helen E. , Trull Thomas W. , Tilbrook Bronte , Lenton Andrew , Strutton Peter G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe implications of a mesoscale eddy for relevant properties of the Southern Ocean carbon cycle are examined with in situ observations. We explored carbon properties inside a large (~190 km diameter) cyclonic eddy that detached from the Subantarctic Front (SAF) south of Tasmania in March 2016. Based on remote sensing, the eddy was present for ~2 months in the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), an important region of oceanic carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake throughout the annual cycle and carbon subduction (i.e., where mode and intermediate waters form), before it was reabsorbed into the SAF. The eddy was sampled during the middle of its life, 1 month after it spawned. Comparatively, the eddy was ~3°C colder, 0.5 practical salinity unit fresher, and less biologically productive than surrounding SAZ waters. The eddy was also richer in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and had lower saturation states of aragonite and calcite than the surrounding SAZ waters. As a consequence, it was a strong source of CO2 to the atmosphere (with fluxes up to +25 mmol C m−2 d−1). Compared to the SAF waters, from which it originated, DIC concentration in the eddy was ~20 μmol kg−1 lower, indicating lateral mixing, small‐scale recirculation, or eddy stirring with lower‐DIC SAZ waters by the time the eddy was observed. As they are commonly spawned from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and as 50% of them decay in the SAZ (the rest being reabsorbed by the SAF‐N), these types of eddies may represent a significant south‐north transport pathway for carbon across the ACC and may alter the carbon properties of SAZ waters.
Vegetation masking effect on future warming and snow albedo feedback in a boreal forest region of northern Eurasia according to MIROC‐ESM
Authors: Abe Manabu , Takata Kumiko , Kawamiya Michio , Watanabe Shingo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Earth system model, Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate‐Earth system model (MIROC‐ESM), in which the leaf area index (LAI) is calculated interactively with an ecological land model, simulated future changes in the snow water equivalent under the scenario of global warming. Using MIROC‐ESM, the effects of the snow albedo feedback (SAF) in a boreal forest region of northern Eurasia were examined under the possible climate future scenario RCP8.5. The simulated surface air temperature (SAT) in spring greatly increases across Siberia and the boreal forest region, whereas the snow cover decreases remarkably only in western Eurasia. The large increase in SAT across Siberia is attributed to strong SAF, which is caused by both the reduced snow‐covered fraction and the reduced surface albedo of the snow‐covered portion due to the vegetation masking effect in those grid cells. A comparison of the future changes with and without interactive LAI changes shows that in Siberia, the vegetation masking effect increases the spring SAF by about two or three times and enhances the spring warming by approximately 1.5 times. This implies that increases in vegetation biomass in the future are a potential contributing factor to warming trends and that further research on the vegetation masking effect is needed for reliable future projection.
Scaling properties of observed and simulated satellite visible radiances
Authors: Barker Howard W. , Qu Zhipeng , Bélair Stéphane , Leroyer Sylvie , Milbrandt Jason A. , Vaillancourt Paul A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractStructure functions Sq, which are related to power spectra and used to study turbulence, were computed for GOES‐13 visible radiances measured on 16 May 2015 over French Guiana and adjacent Atlantic Ocean. The nested Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) numerical weather prediction (NWP) model was run for the same time and area. Cloud data generated by GEM over (300 km)2 domains, with one‐way nesting ending at horizontal grid‐spacing of 0.25 km, were operated on by a 3‐D solar radiative transfer model with resulting radiances degraded to GOES‐13 resolution (~1 km) and Sq computed for them, too. For GOES‐13 radiances, scaling exponents ζ(2) associated with S2, for separation distances between 5 km and 25 km, were typically >0.6 for deep convective and marine boundary layer clouds and <0.4 for shallow cumuli over land. ζ(2) for GEM agreed well with GOES‐13 for deep convective clouds. This suggests that the self‐organizing properties of deep convection in GEM exhibit realistic geometric features, a potentially important point given the link between cloud structure and precipitation, with the latter being much more difficult to measure and assess than visible radiances. Regarding radiances for GEM's marine boundary layer clouds, their Sq differed markedly from GOES‐13's; better resembling fair‐weather cumulus. Likewise, GEM's shallow cumuli over land appear to have bypassed the “scattered” fair‐weather stage and went straight into more organized convection. Thus, it appears that comparing time series of Sq for geostationary satellite data and corresponding modeled radiances has the potential to benefit assessment of cloud system‐resolving models.
Terrain controls on the occurrence of coastal retrogressive thaw slumps along the Yukon Coast, Canada
Authors: Ramage Justine L. , Irrgang Anna M. , Herzschuh Ulrike , Morgenstern Anne , Couture Nicole , Lantuit Hugues 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRetrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) are among the most active landforms in the Arctic; their number has increased significantly over the past decades. While processes initiating discrete RTSs are well identified, the major terrain controls on the development of coastal RTSs at a regional scale are not yet defined. Our research reveals the main geomorphic factors that determine the development of RTSs along a 238 km segment of the Yukon Coast, Canada. We (1) show the current extent of RTSs, (2) ascertain the factors controlling their activity and initiation, and (3) explain the spatial differences in the density and areal coverage of RTSs. We mapped and classified 287 RTSs using high‐resolution satellite images acquired in 2011. We highlighted the main terrain controls over their development using univariate regression trees model. Coastal geomorphology influenced both the activity and initiation of RTSs: active RTSs and RTSs initiated after 1972 occurred primarily on terrains with slope angles greater than 3.9° and 5.9°, respectively. The density and areal coverage of RTSs were constrained by the volume and thickness of massive ice bodies. Differences in rates of coastal change along the coast did not affect the model. We infer that rates of coastal change averaged over a 39 year period are unable to reflect the complex relationship between RTSs and coastline dynamics. We emphasize the need for large‐scale studies of RTSs to evaluate their impact on the ecosystem and to measure their contribution to the global carbon budget.
Human neural stem cell transplantation into the corpus callosum of Alzheimer's mice
Authors: McGinley Lisa M. , Kashlan Osama N. , Chen Kevin S. , Bruno Elizabeth S. , Hayes John M. , Backus Carey , Feldman Seth , Kashlan Bader N. , Johe Karl , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe hippocampus has been the target of stem cell transplantations in preclinical studies focused on Alzheimer's disease, with results showing improvements in histological and behavioral outcomes. The corpus callosum is another structure that is affected early in Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, we hypothesize that this structure is a novel target for human neural stem cell transplantation in transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse models. This study demonstrates the feasibility of targeting the corpus callosum and identifies an effective immunosuppression regimen for transplanted neural stem cell survival. These results support further preclinical development of the corpus callosum as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease.
Transition Metal‐Catalysed Intramolecular Carbenoid C−H Insertion for Pyrrolidine Formation by Decomposition of α‐Diazoesters
Authors: Solé Daniel , Amenta Arianna , Mariani Francesco , Bennasar M.‐Lluïsa , Fernández Israel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe use of Pd‐, Rh(II)‐ and Ru(II)‐based catalysts has been explored in the transition metal‐catalysed intramolecular carbenoid C−H insertion of α‐diazoesters leading to pyrrolidines. Although the outcome of the reaction was highly substrate‐dependent, in general, it was possible to control the chemoselectivity of the process towards pyrrolidines by adequate catalyst selection. The Pd(0)‐catalysts were as efficient as [Rh(Ph3CCO2)2]2 in promoting the C(sp3)−H insertion of ortho‐substituted anilines. In contrast, for anilines bearing meta‐ and para‐substituents, the Rh(II)‐catalyst provided the best chemoselectivities and reaction yields. On the other hand, [Ru(p‐cymene)Cl2]2 was the most efficient catalyst for the insertion reaction of the N‐benzyl‐N‐phenyl and N,N‐dibenzyl α‐diazoesters, while the C(sp3)−H insertion of the N‐benzylsulfonamide substrate was only promoted by [Rh(Ph3CCO2)2]2. According to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the mechanism involved in the Pd(0)‐ and Ru(II)‐catalysed C(sp3)−H insertions differs considerably from that typically proposed for the Rh(II)‐catalysed transformation. Whereas the Pd(0)‐catalysed reaction involves a Pd‐mediated 1,5‐H migration from the C(sp3)−H bond to the carbenoid carbon atom leading to the formal oxidation of the transition metal, a Ru(II)‐promoted Mannich type reaction involving a zwitterionic intermediate seems to be operative in the Ru(II)‐catalysed transformation.magnified image
Heritability and genetic integration of tooth size in the South Carolina Gullah
Authors: Stojanowski Christopher M. , Paul Kathleen S. , Seidel Andrew C. , Duncan William N. , Guatelli‐Steinberg Debbie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis article provides estimates of narrow‐sense heritability and genetic pleiotropy for mesiodistal tooth dimensions for a sample of 20th century African American individuals. Results inform biological distance analysis and offer insights into patterns of integration in the human dentition.Materials and MethodsMaximum mesiodistal crown dimensions were measured using Hillson‐FitzGerald calipers on 469 stone dental casts from the Menegaz‐Bock Collection. Narrow‐sense heritability estimates and genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated using SOLAR 8.1.1 with covariate screening for age, sex, age*sex interaction, and birth year.ResultsHeritability estimates were moderate (∼0.10 – 0.90;h2mean = 0.51) for most measured variables with sex as the only significant covariate. Patterns of genetic correlation indicate strong integration across tooth classes, except molars. Comparison of these results to previously published work suggests lower overall heritability relative to other human populations and much stronger genetic integration across tooth classes than obtained from nonhuman primate genetic pleiotropy estimates.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the high heritabilities previously published may reflect overestimates inherent in previous study designs; as such the standard estimate of 0.55 used in biodistance analyses may not be appropriate. For the Gullah, isolation and endogamy coupled with elevated levels of physiological and economic stress may suppress narrow‐sense heritability estimates. Pleiotropy analyses suggest a more highly integrated dentition in humans than in other mammals.
Occurrence of osteon banding in adult human cortical bone
Authors: Andronowski Janna M. , Pratt Isaac V. , Cooper David M. L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesDifferentiating human from nonhuman fragmented bone is often accomplished using histological methods if the observation of gross morphology proves insufficient. Linearly oriented primary and/or secondary osteonal systems, commonly referred to as osteon bands, are described as a strong indicator of nonhuman bone, particularly the occurrence of multiple bands. This phenomenon has been conventionally documented using two‐dimensional (2D) histology, but such analyses are destructive and typically limited to a single cross‐section. Progressive developments in high‐resolution X‐ray imaging, however, allow for the nondestructive three‐dimensional (3D) visualization of bone microarchitecture. The primary objective of the current research was to visualize and document the occurrence of osteon banding in adult human cortical bone using high‐resolution synchrotron radiation‐based micro‐Computed Tomography (SR micro‐CT).Materials and methodsSynchrotron radiation‐based micro‐CT scanning was carried out at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) national synchrotron facility. The presence or absence of osteon banding was visualized in human skeletal elements from three adult males with representative samples from all regions of the skeleton (n = 129). If present, osteon banding was described and quantified.ResultsResults indicated that 23 of 129 human cortical bone specimens exhibited osteon banding, representing 18% of the sample. Linear arrangements of primary and/or secondary osteons were observed in the following skeletal elements: temporal, parietal, frontal, occipital, clavicle, mandible, femur, tibia, ulna, second metatarsal, and sacrum.DiscussionThe present work represents the first 3D examination of inter‐element variation in osteon banding in adult human cortical bone. Findings indicate that the presence of multiple osteon bands in a single specimen is not diagnostic of nonhuman bone. As such, osteon banding categorically should not be taken as evidence of nonhuman bone in forensic and archaeological contexts.
Variation in human gape cycle kinematics and occlusal topography
Authors: Laird Myra F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study tested hypotheses relating intraspecific variation in occlusal morphology and intraspecific variation in jaw movements during feeding. Gape cycle kinematic variation was hypothesized to correlate with gape cycle number within a chewing sequence as well as with food toughness and stiffness. Gape cycle kinematic variation was also hypothesized to correlate with variation in occlusal area, slope, and volume.Methods and MaterialsTwenty‐six adult human subjects chewed four foods with varying material properties while their jaw movements were recorded using three‐dimensional coordinates of facial markers captured with a Vicon camera system. Post‐canine occlusal morphology of each subject was quantified in ArcGIS using dental topographic analysis of dental casts.ResultsGape cycle duration did not vary with gape cycle number, food toughness, or food stiffness. Gape cycle vertical and lateral displacement correlated negatively with gape cycle number, while foods with higher toughness and Young's modulus had greater jaw vertical and lateral displacement. Subjects with steeper occlusal slopes had longer gape cycle durations and greater amounts of vertical displacement during the slow closing phase of the gape cycle.DiscussionThe results suggest that gape cycle durations are relatively consistent despite changes in food properties and gape cycle number, while occlusal slope affects gape cycle duration and vertical displacement during inferred occlusal contact. However, gape cycle number and bolus properties explain greater amounts of kinematic variation than does occlusal morphology.