bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Cotton Aphid on Cotton, 1997C
Authors: Torrey K. D. , Leonard B. R. , Fife J. H. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A test was conducted to evaluate the ef-ficacy of selected insecticides against cotton aphids in non-irrigated cotton planted 1 May at the Macon Ridge Location of the Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro, LA. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40-inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. No foliar insec-ticides were applied to the plots before the test was initiated. Prior to treatment, cotton plants with infestations of cotton aphids in the plant terminals (20/plot) were identified with plastic tags. Treatments were applied 27 Jun with a handboom and CO2-charged system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through Teejet 8002 flat-fan nozzles (2/row) at 28 psi. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by sampling 5 tagged plant terminals (all apical shoot growth above and including the first fully expanded leaf) from each plot at 3, 6, and 11 DAT. Treatments were evaluated on 30 Jun (3 DAT), 3 (6 DAT), and 8 Jul (11 DAT). Cotton aphids were washed from the plant foliage onto 300-mesh wire sieves, backwashed onto ruled filter paper (7 cm), and counted using a binocular dissecting scope. These plots received 0.11 and 1.98 inches rainfall on 28 Jun and 6 Jul, respectively. All data were analyzed with ANOVA and means were separated according to DMRT.
Control of Mint Root Borer in Peppermint, 1995 and 1996
Authors: Gillespie Robert L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In 1995, we used two trials to evaluate the effect of Steinernema carpocapsae (Biovector) and chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 4 E) on the subsample population of MRB larvae. Eighteen pairwise comparisons were used in each trial to assess the level of control by each treatment. Plots were 12 ft by 30 ft. The application date for nematodes was 8 Sep 95 and 9 Sep 95 for chlorpyrifos. In 1996, a RCB design, replicated 4 times, was used to evaluate MRB larval control with Steinernema riobravis and chlorpyrifos. Each plot was subsampled twice for MRB larvae. Plot size was 12 ft by 600 ft. Treatments were applied on 4 Oct 96. The evaluation involved pre- and post-treatment sampling to determine if the field population exceeded the economic threshold of 2 to 3 larvae/ft2 and evaluate the effect of entomopathogenic nematodes and chlorpyrifos on MRB sample populations. Pre-treatment sampling for MRB larvae began the second week of Aug in both years. In 1995, rhizomes from 18, 1-ft2 subsamples were randomly collected and berlesed to determine the pre-treatment MRB larval sample population in the 35-acre study field. In 1996, 24, 1 ft2 subsamples in the 40-acre study field were similarly assessed. In both years, pre-treatment sample population exceeded the economic threshold though the subsample larval counts varied widely from 0 to 11 /ft2 in 1995 and 1 to 16/ft2 in 1996. Treatments were applied using a 12-ft grain drill modified to spray nematodes or the insecticide into the silt created by the double discs. The packer wheels located behind the spray nozzles sealed the treatments be-low the soil surface. Packing is important because chlorpyrifos volatilizes and photodegrades and nematodes desiccate rapidly if exposed to the sun and hot temperatures that commonly occur in our area. This application method placed the controls where MRB larvae are located, generally no deeper than 1 inch below the soil surface. Controls were injected at 6-inch intervals at 24 psi and 50 gpa. We used a 30-mesh screen and an orifice size of 41 in each spray nozzle to reduce nematode mortality as they passed through the spray nozzle. Trials were located on commercial peppermint farms near Othello, WA (Adams Co.).
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Exp 60949A and Exp 80572B in a Dry-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture, 1997
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 7 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticides. On 6 May, plots were fertilized with urea at 113 lb nitrogen/acre and planted by hand with treated or untreated seed at 100 lb seed/acre. Seed treated (at the rate shown in the table) with EXP 80572B 44.1 FC was provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company. Selected plots were treated with EXP 60949A 1.5 G at the rates shown in the table. Fertilizer, seed, and insecticide were incorporated into dry League soil with a rake. Immediately after incorporation, plots were flushed (temporary flood for 24^18 h then drain). Rice emerged 15 May. From emergence of rice through soil to application of the permanent flood on 5 Jun (21 d after rice emergence through soil), rice was flush irrigated as needed. On 28 May, plots were sprayed with Facet 75DF at 0.5 lb/acre, crop oil concentrate at 2 pt/acre, Prowl 3.3 EC at 2 pt/acre, and Basagran at 1.5 pt/acre. Herbicides were applied by hand with a 20 ft spray boom pressurized with CO2. Immediately before the permanent flood, selected plots were treated with EXP 60949A 1.5 G at the rates shown in the table. On 19 Jun and 10 Jul, plots were fertilized with urea at 30 lb/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 173 lb/acre. On 19 Jun (14 d after application of the permanent flood), selected plots were treated with Furadan 3G at 20 lb/acre. All granular insecticides were applied with a hand-held shaker jar. On each of 28 Jun and 14 Jul (23 and 39 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), five 4-inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. At maturity, plots were harvested (7 Sep = 117 d from emergence of rice through soil) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Evaluation of Dimilin and Boron on Soybean in Virginia, 1997
Authors: Herbert D. A. , Holshouser D. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Dimilin 2 L and Boron 10 (1.0 lb B/gal), alone and tank mixed, were evaluated for effects on BLB adults, GCW larvae, leaf defoliation, pod number and yield of soybean. Asana XL was included as an insecticide standard, as was an untreated control. ‘Accomac’ soybean was planted 29 May at the Tidewater Agric. Res. and Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA, using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied as foliar sprays with water on 8 August at the R3 soybean growth stage (beginning pod development, with a 3/16-inch long pod at one of the 4 uppermost nodes on the main stem with a fully developed leaf) using a tractor sprayer calibrated to deliver 15.0 gpa at 50 psi through 3, D3-23 hollow cone nozzles per row. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 8 rows by 50 ft. Insect samples were taken using a standard beat cloth on 6 row ft per plot on 18, 26, 31 and 38 days after treatment (DAT). Defoliation was assessed by visual inspection of all leaves on 10 plants per plot. Pod number was determined just prior to harvest by counting all pods on 20 plants per plot (5 adjacent plants in the row, in 4 locations in each plot). Yield was determined by harvesting 2, 2-row samples per plot (a total of 200 row ft per plot) using a commercial soybean combine.
Control of Insect Pests on Georgia Soybeans, 1997
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Taylor J. Delano , Crowe Bert D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of seven selected insecticides for control of velvetbean cater-pillar and stink bugs was evaluated at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. the insecticides were foliar applied on 18 Aug on ‘Davis’ soybeans planted on 4 Jun. Individual plots were 4 rows wide X 50 ft long with alleys 6 ft wide on each end and 2 border rows on each side, arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 4, TX-12 nozzles on a 6 ft boom (2 nozzles per row) at 40 psi that delivered 19.5 gpa. Each plot was sampled prior to treatment and 3, 14, and 21 DAT (days after treatment) by taking a 20-sweep sample with a 15-inch diam net from a single row. Soybeans were in the R5 growth stage (pods filling with seeds) during the test period. On 2 Sep and 18 Sep, all plots were visually rated for % defoliation. At maturity, all plots were harvested with a plot combine and yields adjusted to 13% moisture. The data were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test (P = 0.05).
Evaluation of Planting Treatments for Sunflower Stem Weevil Control, 1997
Authors: Armstrong J. Scott , Koch Mike D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sunflower test plots were planted 14 May at the Central Great Plains Research farm 4 miles east of Akron, CO. Plots were 4 rows wide (22-inch row spacing) by 50 ft long and arranged in a RCB with four replications. The two row planter was calibrated to plant 18,000 seeds/acre. The soil type was a Weld silt loam. Gaucho 480°F seed treatment was applied at three rates; (8.2, 12.3, and 16.4 oz (AI)/cwt seed). Furadan 4°F was injected in the seed furrow at planting immediately following seed placement and prior to planter press wheels in a 1:1 (water:Furadan 4 F) dilution using a microinjection unit. Evaluations for lodged plants were made on 27 Sep by counting all plants in the center 2 rows followed by counting the number lodged. Mature SSW larvae were counted by dissecting four stalks from each plot on 15 Oct. Only the lower 18 inches of stalk was dissected. The diam of each stalk was measured at the cotyledon scars. The center two rows of each plot were hand harvested and thrashed. Yield data are adjusted to 10% moisture.
Evaluation of Application Method for Aphid Control by Imidacloprid on Connecticut Shade ToBacco, 1997
Authors: LaMondia James A. , Rathier Thomas M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Preplant broadcast, transplant drench, or band application treatments of Admire 2°F (imidacloprid) were evaluated for tobacco aphid control in a cloth-covered shade tent at the CT Agricultural Expt. Station Valley Laboratory in Windsor, CT. Admire 2°F was applied at 0.17 lb (AI)/acre (1.0 oz per 1000 plants based on 10,800 plants/acre) for all treatments. The soil was an Entic Haplorthod (71.8% sand, 23.0% silt, 5.2% clay, pH = 6.0 and OM = 4.0%). On 29 May, plots were fertilized with 145 lb N/acre of cottonseed meal-based 10-8-10. On 2 Jun, plots were broadcast with Lorsban 4 E at 1.5 lb (AI)/acre and Ridomil 2 E at 1 lb (AI)/acre and spiked to incorporate. On 3 Jun, preplant Admire 2°F in 100 gal/acre water was broadcast to appropriate plots in a 39-inch swath using a TeeJet 8004E nozzle at 18 to 20 psi and spiked. Tobacco was transplanted on 4 Jun to rows 39 in apart with a 1-ft spacing within rows. There were 5 replicates of 4-row plots each per treatment (total 20 plots, 15 X 15 ft each). Plots were separated by an untreated border row. Plots were irrigated 5 Jun with 0.4 inches water. Admire 2°F was applied on 6 Jun as a soil drench using a backpack sprayer with a TeeJet TG-3 nozzle at 15 psi to deliver 20 ml/plant in two 10-ml applications 2 cm to each side of every plant. Admire 2°F was band applied at sidedress in 70 gal water/acre to appropriate plots on 20 Jun (with 59 lb N/acre) or 30 Jun (with 69 lb N/acre) to 6 inches on either side of rows using a backpack sprayer with a TeeJet 8004-E nozzle and incorporated by mechanical cultivation and hoeing. One leaf each from 10 plants per row was removed on 29 Jul, 7 Aug, 14 Aug, and 22 Aug and rated for apterous tobacco aphids (scale: 0 = no aphids or winged only; 1 = 1 aphid per leaf; 2 = 2-10 aphids 3 = 11-100 aphids and 4 = more than 100 aphids per leaf). Treatments were compared within dates by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis Test and the Bonferroni Test.
Tobacco Budworm and Tobacco Aphid Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1996
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Wilkinson William B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted at the Southern Piedmont Agric. Res. and Ext. Cntr., Blackstone, VA, to evaluate various foliar insecticides for the control of TA and TBW and for their impact on the yield of flue-cured tobacco. Tobacco ‘NC 37NF’ was transplanted into experimental plots, 8 X 40 ft (2 rows X 24 plants), on 20 May. Eight treatments and an untreated check were established in a RBC design with 4 replications. A Gandy granular applicator mounted on a tractor was used to apply Temik as a side-dress treatment to the Temik + Tracer plots on 18 Jun. Foliar treatments for TBW control were applied on 25 Jun and 19 Jul using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 28 gpa at 60 psi through TX-10 nozzles (3/row). Foliar applications of Provado and Orthene in combination with Silwet 77L (4 fl oz/acre) were applied for TA control on 5 Jul and 8 Aug. Before the first application for TBW control, TBW larvae were collected from untreated fields and released at one larvae per plant on 10 plants per plot on 25 Jun and natural infestations were assessed on 10 additional plants in each plot. Before the second application for TBW, newly hatched larvae were released at 1 larva/plant on 20 plants/plot on 18 Jul. TBW were counted on 20 plants/plot at 3, 7, and 14 DAT. On 20 Aug, TBW damage was rated on a scale of 0 to 5: 0 = no damage and 5 = severe damage. TA were counted on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants/plot. TA damage was rated on a scale of 0 to 10: 0 = no sign of TA infestations; 10 = very severe damage. The tobacco was harvested and cured and yield was determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated by Waller-Duncan K-ratio t-test (K - 100). TA data were transformed to log10 (x + 1) before analysis. TBW data were transformed to SQRT (X + 0.25). Actual means are presented in the table.
European Red Mite Control with Pyramite in Apple Orchards, 1997
Authors: Bostanian N. J. , Racette G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of Pyramite on ERM when this compound is used to control white apple leafhopper (WALH), Thylocyba pomaria McAtee in apple orchards. A RCB design was used with three replications, each replicate consisting of a single standard sized apple tree. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of mite eggs and motile forms on 10 leaves per replicate at different intervals after treatment. The leaves were selected randomly at shoulder height from each replicate. The treatments were applied on 23 Jun 1997. A Nobili (Molinella-Bologna, Italy) airblast sprayer was used. It was calibrated to deliver 107 gpa (1000 L/ha) at 150 PSI (1034.7 kPa).
White Apple Leafhopper Control with Pyramite in Apple Orchards, 1997
Authors: Bostanian N. J. , Racette G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications, each replicate consisting of 175 trees (7 rows X 25 trees). The effect of the sprays on WALH was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs and adults on 10 leaves per tree on 5 trees per replication. The leaves were randomly sampled from trees on the 4th row. A total of 200 leaves were examined per treatment per date. The treatments were applied as soon as wing pads were noted on the 1st-generation nymphs (23 Jun). The treatments were made with a Nobili airblast sprayer (Molinella-Bologna, Italy) calibrated to deliver 107 gpa (1000 L/ha) at 150 psi (1034.7 kPa).
Late-Season Tobacco Hornworm Control in Georgia Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1997
Authors: Taylor J. Delano , McPherson Robert M. , Crowe Bert D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Flue-cured ‘K-326’ tobacco was transplanted on 1 Apr at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station Bowen Farm. Production practices were used according to Georgia Cooperative Extension Service guidelines and included a preplant tank mixture of Tillman, Devrinol, Ridomil, and Nemacur. Fertilizer (6-6-18) was applied at the rate of 1000 lb/acre in a split application. On 24 Jun, tops were removed and leaves stripped from all plants in the test area, and 16-0-0 fertilizer was applied at a rate of 100 lb/acre. In early Jul, all suckers except the 2 main shoots were removed from each plant. On 16 Jul the test site was partitioned into 24 plots that were 4 rows wide X 20 ft long, with 6 plots power range (replication) arranged in a RB design with 4 replications. The left row of each plot was left untreated (fallow border row) and the remaining 3 rows were treated with a selected insecticide using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with three TX-12 nozzles per row at 40 psi. One treatment served as an untreated control. The number of live hornworm larvae on plants 2-6 on the middle treated row was recorded from each plot 2, 5 and 8 d after treatment (DAT). Treatments were reapplied on 25 Jul and hornworm counts taken 3, 7, and 10 DAT. On 4 Aug, plants 2-6 on the center row were visually rated for % defoliation and also rated for aphid infestations. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 to 7, with 0 = no aphids, 1 = &gt; 10 aphids/plant, 2 = 10-100 aphids/plant, 3 = 100-500 aphids/plant, 4 = 500-1500 aphids/plant, 5 = 1500-3000 aphids/plant, 6 = 3000-5000 aphids/plant, and 7 = &gt; 5000 aphids/plants. All count data and defoliation and aphid ratings were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were separated using DMRT (P = 0.05).
Control of Hessian Fly and Russian Wheat Aphid in Spring Wheat, 1997
Authors: Bragg D.E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were seeded in an on-farm manner on 10 Apr in an RCBD with 4 replicates of 36 X 300 ft per treatment. Three varieties were seeded: Alpowa; Wawawai, with HF resistance; and ID488, with both HF and RWA resistance. Treatments were 0.5 and 1.0 oz (AI)/cwt Gaucho 480 applied as seed treatments to Alpowa and Wawawai. Untreated checks for all 3 varieties were established. RWA was counted on 45 DAE. HF was evaluated on 65 DAE (Feeks Scale 10.5), as percent HF infested tillers. Harvest data was collected on 16 Aug.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides and Application Timings for Control of Cereal Leaf Beetle and Aphids on Wheat, 1997
Authors: Chappel G. F. , Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides and application timing was evaluated against CLB and aphids in wheat. Pioneer 2580 was planted 8 Nov in a producer’s field in Dinwiddie County, VA, using a 7-inch row spacing. All treatments were broadcast as foliar sprays with water using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20.0 gpa at 30 psi through 8004VS flat fan nozzles spaced 19 inches apart on the spray boom. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates: plots were 17 rows by 50 ft. CLB sampling involved recording the number of eggs and larvae/ft2 (20.57 inches of a 7-inch row). Aphids were sampled by removing 5 randomly selected grain heads per plot. Samples were placed in a mild soapiwater solution (2 drops liquid dish detergent per gal water) for 10 minutes. Samples were then rinsed over a U.S.A. Standard Testing Sieve No. 60 mesh, and the total number of aphids per sample recorded. Defoliation was evaluated by removing 10 randomly selected flag leaves from each plot and visually recording the percent defoliation per leaf. Average percent defoliation was recorded per plot. Treatments 1-5 were applied at Zadok’s growth stage (GS) 31 (3 Apr), treatments 6-10 at Zadok’s growth stage 37 (23 Apr) and treatments 11-15 at Zadok’s growth stage 56 (6 May). Post-treatment CLB egg and larvals samples were taken 3 days after final treatment (9 May). Post-treatment aphid and defoliation samples were taken 24 days after final treatment (24 May).
Efficacy of Late Season Applications of Various Turf Insecticides Against Japanese Beetle Populations, 1996
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Four insecticides were tested for efficacy against Japanese beetle larvae at the Hillcrest Park Cemetery, Springfield, MA. The lawn consisted of 50% Kentucky bluegrass, 20% creeping bentgrass, 20% crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and was mowed at ca. 2.0 inches. Treatment plots were 8 ft by 8 ft, replicated 5 times, arranged in aCRB. Applications were made on 27 Aug 1996. Granular products were applied by hand using glass jars with perforated lids. Liquid formulations were applied by hand with a watering can using 4 liters of water per plot. Plots were watered in with 0.15 inch irrigation within one hour after application. Product efficacy was evaluated for all treatments on 18 Oct (52 DAT) by removing 5 cupcutter plugs (4.25 inch diam) from near the center of each plot, dislodging soil and counting all grubs to a depth of 3 inches.
Control of Mole Cricket Nymphs with Insecticide-Treated Baits, 1997
Authors: Hertl P. T. , Brandenburg R. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of several bait formulations was evaluated for the control of mole cricket nymphs in a field test on a bermudagrass fairway at the Fox Squirrel Country Club in Brunswick Co, NC. Plots 16 X 16 ft were established in an area heavily infested with mole crickets. Treatments with four replicates were randomly assigned to the plots in a CRBD. All insecticides were applied late in the day on 17 Sep under sunny skies. The 4-inch soil temperature was 83°F and all formulations tested were applied using a Republic EZ Handspreader®. The fairway irrigation system was used to moisten the soil in the test area prior to application. The Talstar 0.2 G was applied to the appropriate plots and then the entire test site received 0.25 inch of water as post-irrigation for this treatment. The turf surface was allowed to dry before appropriate amounts of each bait were applied to the plots. The fairway irrigation system was turned off to prevent irrigation of the area on the first night of the test. Soil at the test site is classified as Kureb fine sand with a pH of 5.8 and 0.56% humic matter. Soapy water flush sampling indicate that the fairway population was approximately 85% Southern and 15% Tawny mole crickets. Plots were evaluated for fresh damage on 23 Sep (6 DAT) and 1 Oct (14 DAT) using the damage grid evaluation method of Mack and Cobb (1989). A m2 grid divided into nine sections was randomly placed in each plot and a damage rating (0-9) given based on the occurrence of fresh damage in the nine subsections (with 0 = no damage and 9 = severe damage). Five damage ratings were made in each plot on each sampling date. The actual damage means are reported in the Table. All data were transformed x + 0.5 prior to ANOVA and Tukey’s Studentized Range Test.