bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clustered Automated Machine Learning (CAML) model for clinical coding multi-label classification
Authors: Mustafa Akram , Rahimi Azghadi Mostafa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Clinical coding is a time-consuming task that involves manually identifying and classifying patients’ diseases. This task becomes even more challenging when classifying across multiple diagnoses and performing multi-label classification. Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) techniques can improve this classification process. However, no previous study has developed an AutoML-based approach for multi-label clinical coding. To address this gap, a novel approach, called Clustered Automated Machine Learning (CAML), is introduced in this paper. CAML utilizes the AutoML library Auto-Sklearn and cTAKES feature extraction method. CAML clusters binary diagnosis labels using Hamming distance and employs the AutoML library to select the best algorithm for each cluster. The effectiveness of CAML is evaluated by comparing its performance with that of the Auto-Sklearn model on five different datasets from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC III) database of reports. These datasets vary in size, label set, and related diseases. The results demonstrate that CAML outperforms Auto-Sklearn in terms of Micro F1-score and Weighted F1-score, with an overall improvement ratio of 35.15% and 40.56%, respectively. The CAML approach offers the potential to improve healthcare quality by facilitating more accurate diagnoses and treatment decisions, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.
Revisited convexity notions for $$L^\infty $$ variational problems
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Margarida , Zappale Elvira 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe address a detailed study of the convexity notions that arise in the study of weak* lower semicontinuity of supremal functionals, as well as those arising by the $$L^p$$

L
p

-approximation, as $$p \rightarrow +\infty $$

p
→
+
∞

of such functionals. Our quest is motivated by the knowledge we have on the analogous integral functionals and aims at establishing a solid groundwork underlying further research in the $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

context.
EASY: Energy-Efficient Analysis and Control Processes in the Dynamic Edge-Cloud Continuum for Industrial Manufacturing
Authors: Schultheis Alexander , Alt Benjamin , Bast Sebastian , Guldner Achim , Jilg David , Katic Darko , Mundorf Johannes , Schlagenhauf Tobias , Weber Sebastian , Bergmann Ralph , Bergweiler Simon , Creutz Lars , Dartmann Guido , Malburg Lukas , Naumann Stefan , Rezapour Mahdi , Ruskowski Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccording to the guiding principles of Industry 4.0, edge computing enables the data-sovereign and near-real-time processing of data directly at the point of origin. Using these edge devices in manufacturing organization will drive the use of industrial analysis, control, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications close to production. The goal of the EASY project is to make the added value of edge computing available by providing an easily usable Edge-Cloud Continuum with a runtime environment and services for the execution of AI-based Analysis and Control processes. Within this continuum, a dynamic, distributed, and optimized execution of services is automated across the entire spectrum from centralized cloud to decentralized edge instances to increase productivity and resource efficiency.
Analysis of the watershed social–ecological system trajectory in Copalita-Huatulco, Mexico: The impact of drivers on hydrological ecosystem services
Authors: Merlo-Galeazzi Angel , Avila-Foucat Véronique Sophie , Perevochtchikova María 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn watersheds, which function as social–ecological systems (SESs), hydrological ecosystem services (HESs) are crucial flows connecting natural and social components. The internal and external drivers that shape HESs and watershed SES trajectories create complexities in watershed management. In this study, the adaptive cycle framework was adopted, and a qualitative method is proposed to analyze the impacts of drivers on the HES and the watershed SES trajectory. Empirical evidence from the Copalita-Huatulco watershed in Mexico was used to study the relationships between drivers and HESs. The results reveal changes in regional hydrodynamics due to natural shocks, cumulative social stressors, and SES-related human trajectories. The SES trajectory was in a growth phase when stressors dominated, a collapse when shocks occurred, and a conservation phase when human agency was strong. Understanding the impact of drivers on HESs and their integration into SES trajectories is a key element of HES resilience.
Will the football agents’ service fee cap survive the current legal attacks?
Authors: Heermann Peter W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) has set a service fee cap for football agents in its new FIFA Football Agent Regulations (FFAR). The respective regulations came into force on 1 October 2023. The article examines the question—in the negative—of whether this service fee cap is compatible with EU antitrust law. Following an overview of the relevant case law of various German state courts and the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), the legal issues associated with the initial problem are analysed in detail.
Towards a Fracture Mechanics-Based Assessment for Fatigue Life Prediction of Ni–Ti Stents
Authors: Brambilla Alma , Berti Francesca , Patriarca Luca , Petrini Lorenza 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe fatigue failure of Ni–Ti peripheral stents still represents an open issue of major concern due to the non-linear material behavior, the complex loads acting in vivo, and the manufacturing process. The fatigue assessment currently exploits total-life methodologies devoted to preventing crack nucleation. This work investigates a complementary fracture mechanics-based approach accounting for crack propagation from pre-existing manufacturing defects. Fatigue crack growth tests were performed on rolled Ni–Ti samples with a thickness and microstructure comparable to that of stents. A fracture mechanics-based assessment was implemented to predict the fatigue durability of surrogate samples tested at different mean and alternate strains. The fracture surfaces of the samples were inspected to determine a statistical distribution of defect size at the fracture origin. The cyclic J-integral was adopted as the crack driving force parameter, and it allowed to account for the complex response of the material, undergoing energy dissipations during phase transformation. Encouraging fatigue life predictions conforming to experimental data were obtained in the finite-life regime, whereas conservative estimates were computed below the fatigue threshold. This approach can be reverted to determine the maximum acceptable material defects for specific applications, providing a useful tool to manufacturing companies.
Plotinus on the Contemplation of the Intelligible World
Authors: Stróżyński Mateusz 
Published: September 2024

In this study, Mateusz Stróżyński offers an experiential and practical way of understanding Plotinus' thought and philosophy through a focus on the act of contemplation. He argues that contemplation, or direct seeing of the principles of reality, is not merely a part of Plotinus' thought, but rather a significant dimension of it. Moreover, he argues that Plotinus understands metaphysics as a conceptual and propositional description of reality from a third-person perspective, as well as an expression of an experience of that reality from a first-person perspective. Stróżyński focuses on the first phase of the journey to the Good, namely, on the contemplation of the intelligible world: Nature, Soul, and Intellect. He describes the fall of the soul and her return through the lens of the so-called “Great Kinds”: Being, Movement, Rest, Difference, and Identity. Stróżyński also shows how this concept, derived from Plato's Sophist, is creatively used by Plotinus to explain both the loss and the restoration of our ability to contemplate through philosophical practice.
A Predicted Pause in the Rapid Warming of the Northwest Atlantic Shelf in the Coming Decade
Authors: Koul Vimal , Ross Andrew C. , Stock Charles , Zhang Liping , Delworth Thomas , Wittenberg Andrew 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe capability to anticipate the exceptionally rapid warming of the Northwest Atlantic Shelf and its evolution over the next decade could enable effective mitigation for coastal communities and marine resources. However, global climate models have struggled to accurately predict this warming due to limited resolution; and past regional downscaling efforts focused on multi‐decadal projections, neglecting predictive skill associated with internal variability. We address these gaps with a high resolution (1/12°) ensemble of dynamically downscaled decadal predictions. The downscaled simulations accurately predicted past oceanic variability at scales relevant to marine resource management, with skill typically exceeding global coarse‐resolution predictions. Over the long term, warming of the Shelf is projected to continue; however, we forecast a temporary warming pause in the next decade. This predicted pause is attributed to internal variability associated with a transient, moderate strengthening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and a southward shift of the Gulf Stream.
Targeting POLRMT by IMT1 inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth
Authors: Wang Hao , Liu Yuxin , Lu Xing-sheng , Wu Yongyou , Gu Wen , Yin Guojian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the potential anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) activity of IMT1, a novel specific inhibitor of mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT). Single-cell RNA sequencing data reveal that POLRMT is overexpressed in CRC cells. Additionally, elevated POLRMT expression was observed in local CRC tissues and cells, while its expression remained relatively low in colon epithelial tissues and cells. IMT1 significantly inhibited colony formation, cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and migration in both primary and immortalized CRC cells. Furthermore, IMT1 induced apoptosis and cell death in CRC cells. The inhibition of POLRMT by IMT1 disrupted mitochondrial functions in CRC cells, leading to mitochondrial depolarization, oxidative damage, and decreased ATP levels. Using targeted shRNA to silence POLRMT closely mirrored the effects of IMT1, showing robust anti-CRC cell activity. Crucially, the efficacy of IMT1 was diminished in CRC cells with silenced POLRMT. Contrarily, boosting POLRMT expression externally by a lentiviral construct promoted the proliferation and migration of CRC cells. Importantly, treatment with IMT1 or silencing POLRMT in primary colon cancer cells decreased the phosphorylation of Akt1-S6K1, whereas overexpression of POLRMT had the opposite effect. In nude mice, orally administering IMT1 potently restrained primary colon cancer xenograft growth. IMT1 suppressed POLRMT activity, disrupted mitochondrial function, hindered Akt-mTOR activation, and prompted apoptosis within the xenograft tissues. In addition, IMT1 administration suppressed lung metastasis of primary colon cancer cells in nude mice. These combined results highlight the robust anti-CRC activity of IMT1 by specifically targeting POLRMT.
PILRB potentiates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and reprograms cholesterol metabolism to drive gastric tumorigenesis and metastasis
Authors: Wang Xing , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhao Qiuyan , Wang Xin , Chen Xinyi , Hou Li , Tian Shaodan , Peng Zi-Mei , Han Xiao-Jian , Wang Tao , Zhang Zhen , Tou Fang-Fang , Huang Shan , Rao Jun , Chen Lixiao , Zheng Zhi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPaired immunoglobin-like type 2 receptor beta (PILRB) mainly plays a crucial role in regulating innate immunity, but whether PILRB is involved in cancer is poorly understood. Here, we report that PILRB potentiates the PI3K/AKT pathway to drive gastric tumorigenesis by binding and stabilizing IRS4, which could hyperactivate the PI3K/AKT pathway. Firstly, the levels of PILRB are upregulated in human gastric cancer (GC) specimens and associated with poor prognosis in patients with GC. In addition, our data show that PILRB promotes cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration and invasion in GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PILRB recruits the deubiquitination enzymes OTUB1 to IRS4 and relieves K48-linked ubiquitination of IRS4, protecting IRS4 protein from proteasomal-mediated degradation and subsequent activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Importantly, the levels of PILRB are positively correlated with IRS4 in GC specimens. Meanwhile, we also found that PILRB reprogrammed cholesterol metabolism by altering ABCA1 and SCARB1 expression levels, and PILRB-expression confers GC cell resistance to statin treatment. Taken together, our findings illustrate that the oncogenic role of PILRB in gastric tumorigenesis, providing new insights into the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling in GC and establishing PILRB as a biomarker for simvastatin therapy resistance in GC.
Enhancing antitumor efficacy of CLDN18.2-directed antibody-drug conjugates through autophagy inhibition in gastric cancer
Authors: Xue Wenjing , Xu Caili , Zhang Kaiqi , Cui Lu , Huang Xiting , Nan Yanyang , Ju Dianwen , Chang Xusheng , Zhang Xuyao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClaudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) is overexpressed in cancers of the digestive system, rendering it an ideal drug target for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Despite many CLDN18.2-directed ADCs undergoing clinical trials, the inconclusive underlying mechanisms pose a hurdle to extending the utility of these agents. In our study, αCLDN18.2-MMAE, an ADC composed of an anti-CLDN18.2 monoclonal antibody and the tubulin inhibitor MMAE, induced a dose-dependent apoptosis via the cleavage of caspase-9/PARP proteins in CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer cells. It was worth noting that autophagy was remarkably activated during the αCLDN18.2-MMAE treatment, which was characterized by the accumulation of autophagosomes, the conversion of autophagy marker LC3 from its form I to II, and the complete autophagic flux. Inhibiting autophagy by autophagy inhibitor LY294002 remarkably enhanced αCLDN18.2-MMAE-induced cytotoxicity and caspase-mediated apoptosis, indicating the cytoprotective role of autophagy in CLDN18.2-directed ADC-treated gastric cancer cells. Combination with an autophagy inhibitor significantly potentiated the in vivo antitumoral efficacy of αCLDN18.2-MMAE. Besides, the Akt/mTOR pathway inactivation was demonstrated to be implicated in the autophagy initiation in αCLDN18.2-MMAE-treated gastric cancer cells. In conclusion, our study highlighted a groundbreaking investigation into the mechanism of the CLDN18.2-directed ADC, focusing on the crucial role of autophagy, providing a novel insight to treat gastric cancer by the combination of CLDN18.2-directed ADC and autophagy inhibitor.
Child temperament and early childhood caries: is there a link?
Authors: Kennedy Joshua , Taylor Greig 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Data sources
A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, and EBSCO) up to January 2023.

Study selection
Any case-control, cohort, or cross-sectional study which assessed child temperament and early childhood caries (ECC) in children aged six years or younger were included. Literature reviews, studies with insufficient data, non-English publications, and those focusing on older children or adults were excluded.

Data extraction and synthesis
Data extraction was conducted independently by two authors, with a third author resolving any disagreements. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale (case-control and cohort studies) and the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (cross-sectional studies). The quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Statistical analysis to evaluate heterogeneity included the chi-square test and the I-square index.

Results
A total 5072 studies resulted in the inclusion of 15 studies, encompassing data from 6,667 participants. Seven studies were of high quality and eight, moderate. Meta-analyses of seven studies revealed a significant association between certain temperament traits (e.g., higher levels of emotionality and lower levels of sociability) and ECC. In particular, difficult temperament was associated with ECC (OR 2.63 95%CI: 1.37–5.04)

Conclusions
The study concluded that child temperament is a significant factor in the risk of developing ECC. Specifically, children with higher emotionality and lower sociability are at greater risk. Interventions targeting child temperament through child behaviour and parental management strategies may be effective in reducing ECC.
Individual bacterial cells can use spatial sensing of chemical gradients to direct chemotaxis on surfaces
Authors: Wheeler James H. R. , Foster Kevin R. , Durham William M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSwimming bacteria navigate chemical gradients using temporal sensing to detect changes in concentration over time. Here we show that surface-attached bacteria use a fundamentally different mode of sensing during chemotaxis. We combined microfluidic experiments, massively parallel cell tracking and fluorescent reporters to study how Pseudomonas aeruginosa senses chemical gradients during pili-based ‘twitching’ chemotaxis on surfaces. Unlike swimming cells, we found that temporal changes in concentration did not induce motility changes in twitching cells. We then quantified the chemotactic behaviour of stationary cells by following changes in the sub-cellular localization of fluorescent proteins as cells are exposed to a gradient that alternates direction. These experiments revealed that P. aeruginosa cells can directly sense differences in concentration across the lengths of their bodies, even in the presence of strong temporal fluctuations. Our work thus overturns the widely held notion that bacterial cells are too small to directly sense chemical gradients in space.
Analysis of bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus spawning phenology in Minnesota reveals 50-year recruitment failure and conservation concern
Authors: Lackmann Alec R. , Seybold Sam , Bielak-Lackmann Ewelina S. , Ford Walt , Butler Malcolm G. , Clark Mark E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus (Catostomidae) is a freshwater fish native to North America that is known for its longevity. During the 1970s, the bigmouth buffalo was recorded as declining in Canada, Minnesota, and North Dakota and became a protected species in Canada. In the USA, population declines are exacerbated by wasteful recreational bowfishing, lack of fisheries management, and overall lack of knowledge. However, recent studies have revealed the exceptional lifespan of bigmouth buffalo, their negligible senescence, slow growth, delayed maturity, and episodic recruitment. Yet little is known about the spawning phenology of bigmouth buffalo, nor their age demographics in east central Minnesota. In this 2021–2023 study of bigmouth buffalo from Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge we found that 99.7% (389 of 390) of the extant population hatched prior to 1972 despite annual spawning in Rice Lake. Moreover, recruitment success declined significantly since water control measures were established (1953). We found males arrive to spawning grounds with females but depart later, that both the midpoint and duration of spawn significantly vary across years, and that more massive females of the same age range invest disproportionately more in ovaries. Extensive post-spawn seining revealed bigmouth buffalo young-of-the-year in low numbers, but by mid-to-late summer they were no longer evident having likely succumbed to predation. Overall, these findings thoroughly reveal one of the oldest populations of vertebrate currently known (median age of 79 years as of 2024) and expose the stark vulnerability of a bigmouth buffalo population for which substantial recruitment has not occurred for more than six decades. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the long-lived bigmouth buffalo is vulnerable, that a precautionary approach is immediately needed, and that the unlimited and unregulated kill-fishery be closed.
Ultrasound and x-ray imageable poloxamer-based hydrogel for loco-regional therapy delivery in the liver
Authors: Delgado Jose F. , Owen Joshua W. , Pritchard William F. , Varble Nicole A. , Lopez-Silva Tania L. , Mikhail Andrew S. , Arrichiello Antonio , Ray Trisha , Morhard Robert , Borde Tabea , Saccenti Laetitia , Xu Sheng , Rivera Jocelyne , Schneider Joel P. , Karanian John W. , Wood Bradford J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntratumoral injections have the potential for enhanced cancer treatment efficacy while reducing costs and systemic exposure. However, intratumoral drug injections can result in substantial off-target leakage and are invisible under standard imaging modalities like ultrasound (US) and x-ray. A thermosensitive poloxamer-based gel for drug delivery was developed that is visible using x-ray imaging (computed tomography (CT), cone beam CT, fluoroscopy), as well as using US by means of integrating perfluorobutane-filled microbubbles (MBs). MBs content was optimized using tissue mimicking phantoms and ex vivo bovine livers. Gel formulations less than 1% MBs provided gel depositions that were clearly identifiable on US and distinguishable from tissue background and with minimal acoustic artifacts. The cross-sectional areas of gel depositions obtained with US and CT imaging were similar in studies using ex vivo bovine liver and postmortem in situ swine liver. The gel formulation enhanced multimodal image-guided navigation, enabling fusion of ultrasound and x-ray/CT imaging, which may enhance targeting, definition of spatial delivery, and overlap of tumor and gel. Although speculative, such a paradigm for intratumoral drug delivery might streamline clinical workflows, reduce radiation exposure by reliance on US, and boost the precision and accuracy of drug delivery targeting during procedures. Imageable gels may also provide enhanced temporal and spatial control of intratumoral conformal drug delivery.
Suppression of PTBP1 in hippocampal astrocytes promotes neurogenesis and ameliorates recognition memory in mice with cerebral ischemia
Authors: Fukui Yusuke , Morihara Ryuta , Hu Xinran , Nakano Yumiko , Yunoki Taijun , Takemoto Mami , Abe Koji , Yamashita Toru 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe therapeutic potential of suppressing polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (Ptbp1) messenger RNA by viral transduction in a post-stroke dementia mouse model has not yet been examined. In this study, 3 days after cerebral ischemia, we injected a viral vector cocktail containing adeno-associated virus (AAV)-pGFAP-mCherry and AAV-pGFAP-CasRx (control vector) or a cocktail of AAV-pGFAP-mCherry and AAV-pGFAP-CasRx-SgRNA-(Ptbp1) (1:5, 1.0 × 1011 viral genomes) into post-stroke mice via the tail vein. We observed new mCherry/NeuN double-positive neuron-like cells in the hippocampus 56 days after cerebral ischemia. A portion of mCherry/GFAP double-positive astrocyte-like glia could have been converted into new mCherry/NeuN double-positive neuron-like cells with morphological changes. The new neuronal cells integrated into the dentate gyrus and recognition memory was significantly ameliorated. These results demonstrated that the in vivo conversion of hippocampal astrocyte-like glia into functional new neurons by the suppression of Ptbp1 might be a therapeutic strategy for post-stroke dementia.