bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skateboarding in Dude Space: The Roles of Space and Sport in Constructing Gender Among Adult Skateboarders
Authors: Carr John N. 
Published: September 2016

This study aims to address how, to what extent, and under what conditions may those who are not cisgendered as male do the work of negotiating access to male sporting space. In doing so, it brings together critical geographies of masculinity and the critical literature on skateboarding to address the role of particular kinds of skateboarding spaces in either reproducing or potentially disrupting gender segregated, patriarchal skateboarding cultures. This project is offered not only to challenge patriarchal practices and values, but also to step beyond theory and actually examine how sport environments might be designed and sited so as to enable a wider range of gender performances and more inclusive spaces. Specifically, my research suggests that certain types of skate environments can somewhat lower women’s barriers to entering the gender charged realm of skateboarding if and when those responsible for those spaces take patriarchy and the needs of noncisgendered male skateboarders seriously.Cette étude a pour but de savoir comment, dans quelle mesure et dans quelles conditions, les personnes n’étant pas des hommes cisgenres négocient leur accès dans l’univers sportif masculin. Pour ce faire, elle réunit les géographies critiques de la masculinité et la littérature critique sur le skateboard pour examiner le rôle de certains univers particuliers de cette pratique dans la reproduction, ou dans l’éventuelle rupture avec la ségrégation genrée, des cultures patriarcales du skateboard. Le but de ce projet n’est pas seulement de contester les pratiques et les valeurs patriarcales, mais aussi de dépasser la théorie et d’examiner vraiment comment les environnements sportifs pourrait être conçus et localisés de manière à permettre une plus grande variété de performances en fonction du genre et de devenir des espaces plus inclusifs. Plus spécifiquement, ma recherche suggère que certains types d’environnements dédiés à la glisse pourraient contribuer à réduire les barrières que rencontrent les femmes pour entrer dans la sphère fortement genrée du skateboard si et quand les responsables de ces espaces prendront sérieusement en compte le patriarcat et les besoins des skatebordeurs qui ne sont pas cisgenres.
Traumatic injuries and persistent opioid use in the USA: findings from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Alghnam Suliman , Castillo Renan 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAlthough opioid abuse is a rising epidemic in the USA, there are no studies to date on the incidence of persistent opioid use following injuries. Therefore, the aims of this study are: (1) to examine the incidence of persistent opioid use among a nationally representative sample of injured and non-injured populations; (2) to evaluate whether an injury is an independent predictor of persistent opioid use.MethodData from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were pooled (years 2009–2012). Adults were followed for about 2 years, during which they were surveyed about injury status and opioid use every 4–5 months. To determine whether injuries are associated with persistent opioid use, weighted multiple logistic regressions were constructed.ResultsWhile 2.3 million injured individuals received any opioid during the follow-up, 371 170 (15.6%) individuals became persistent opioid users (defined as opioid use across multiple time points). In a multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported health, those who sustained injuries were 1.4 times (95% CI 1.1 to 1.9) more likely to report persistent opioid use than those without injuries.ConclusionsWe found injuries to be significantly associated with persistent opioid use in a nationally representative sample. Further investment in injury prevention may facilitate reduction of persistent opioid use and, thus, improve population health and reduce health expenditures.
Pediatric neurointervention: collimation on radiation exposure-associated lifetime excess tumor risk
Authors: Chen Karen , Paramasivam Srinivasan , Berenstein Alejandro 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundIntracranial vascular malformations in children are being addressed through a variety of treatment modalities including open surgery, external beam radiation, and image-guided neuroendovascular procedures. These patients often receive multiple treatments and incur serial exposures to ionizing radiation which has been linked to tumor development in population-based data.ObjectiveThis study quantifies the effect of collimation on exposures from single procedures and over patient lifetimes to estimate excess risk of lifetime tumor development.Methods215 patients aged 0–21 years from a single center took part in the study. Radiation exposure from neuroendovascular procedures was tabulated and converted to brain doses using modeled data and extrapolated to risk ratios using results of population-based estimates found in the literature.ResultsLifetime and per procedure risk was highest in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations, brain arteriovenous fistulas, and vein of Galen malformations, a reflection of our institutional referral patterns. Across all pathologies the per procedure excess relative risk decreased from 13.4 to 2.3 when full collimation was employed. Lifetime excess relative risk decreased from 49.0 to 7.7 for full collimation.ConclusionsThis is the first study to quantify the effect of collimation on lifetime and per procedure risk of tumor development in a pediatric population. In addition to collimation, technical and operator-based aspects of the neurointerventional suite are discussed to further reduce patient exposure without sacrificing image quality.
Decision-making and Management of Ulnar Polydactyly of the Newborn: Outcomes and Satisfaction
Authors: Samra Salem , Bourne Debra , Beckett Joel , Matthew Michael , Thomson J. Grant 
Published: September 2016

Background: Polydactyly is the most common congenital hand deformity. There is currently no consensus among pediatricians or hand surgeons regarding optimal management of ulnar (post-axial) type B polydactyly leading to uncertainty in initial treatment decisions for infants with this type of deformity. Methods: Parents of newborns with type B ulnar polydactyly were enrolled in a prospective, nonrandomized trial from 2010 to 2012. At enrollment they were offered: 1) no treatment, 2) suture ligature, 3) immediate excision under local anesthesia, and 4) delayed excision at four months of age under general anesthesia. After choosing a treatment option, parents were asked to complete an initial survey on their motivation for choosing a particular option, and then additional surveys at one and three month follow-up visits regarding outcomes and satisfaction. Results: Fourteen newborns were enrolled in the study. Eleven patients had bilateral polydactyly for a total of 25 hands involved in the study. With statistical significance, parents chose an immediate bedside excision over all options. No surgical complications were noted and satisfaction scores were 9.8 or higher in all groups. Conclusions: A majority of parents whose children are born with type B post-axial polydactyly prefer to have the deformity addressed immediately with excision under local anesthesia at the bedside. This can be accomplished safely, with a satisfaction score of 9.8 out of 10 and no appreciable residual deformity. This may reduce emotional distress or embarrassment in parents who would otherwise have to deal with the deformity for at least a four-month period.
Open Finger Fractures: Incidence, Patterns of Injury and the Influence of Social Deprivation
Authors: Anakwe Raymond E. , Middleton Scott D. , Bugler Kate E. , Duckworth Andrew D. , McQueen Margaret M. , Brown Charles M. Court 
Published: September 2016

Background: This study investigates the patterns and epidemiology of open finger fractures. There is little good data about these injuries. Methods: Data were collected prospectively in a single trauma unit serving a well-defined population. Results: Over a 15 year period 1090 open finger fractures were treated in 1014 patients. These made up the vast majority of open fractures treated in the trauma unit during this period. The incidence of open finger fractures was 14.0 per 100,000 patients per year. Deprivation did not influence the incidence of open finger fractures but did affect treatment choices for women. Most open finger fractures resulted from crush injuries or falls and required only simple operative treatments: debridement, lavage and early mobilization. Conclusions: Open finger fractures formed the majority of the workload of open fractures at our trauma centre but usually required simple treatments only. Social deprivation was not shown to influence the patterns or epidemiology of these injuries but did affect treatment choices for women.
Surfing Behind a Boat: Quality and Reliability of Online Resources on Scaphoid Fractures
Authors: Nassiri Mujtaba , Mohamed Osama , Berzins Arvids , Aljabi Yasser , Mahmood Talat , Chenouri Shojaeddin , O’Grady Paul 
Published: September 2016

Background: Patients seeking information and advice on treatment of scaphoid fractures unknowingly confront longstanding medical controversies surrounding the management of this condition. However, there are no studies specifically looking into the quality and reliability of online information on scaphoid fractures. Methods: We identified 44 unique websites for evaluation using the term “scaphoid fractures”. The websites were categorized by type and assessed using the DISCERN score, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and the Health on the net (HON) code. Results: The majority of websites were commercial (n = 13) followed by academic (n = 12). Only seven of the websites were HON certified. The mean DISCERN score was 43.8. Only 4 websites scored 63 or above representing excellent quality with minimal shortcomings but 13 websites scored 38 or below representing poor or very poor quality. The mean JAMA benchmark criteria score was 2.2. The Governmental and Non-Profit Organizations category websites had the highest mean JAMA benchmark score. The websites that displayed the HON-code seal had higher mean DISCERN scores and higher mean JAMA benchmark scores compared to websites that did not display the seal. Conclusions: Good quality health information is certainly available on the Internet. However, it is not possible to predict with certainty which sites are of higher quality. We suggest clinicians should have a responsibility to educate their patients regarding the unregulated nature of medical information on the internet and proactively provide patients with educational resources and thus help them make smart and informed decisions.
Dynamic pricing in ridesharing platforms
Authors: Banerjee Siddhartha , Johari Ramesh , Riquelme Carlos 
Published: September 2016

We study dynamic pricing policies for ridesharing platforms such as Lyft and Uber. On one hand these platforms are two-sided: this requires economic models that capture the incentives of both drivers and passengers. On the other hand, these platforms support high temporal-resolution for data collection and pricing: this requires stochastic models that capture the dynamics of drivers and passengers in the system.
We summarize our main results from [Banerjee et al. 2015], in which we study the role of dynamic pricing in ridesharing platforms using a queueing-theoretic economic model. We build a model of two-sided ridesharing platforms that captures both the stochastic dynamics of the marketplace and the strategic decisions of drivers, passengers and the platform. We show how our model can help explain the success of dynamic pricing in practice: in particular, we argue that the benefit of dynamic pricing over static pricing is not in the optimal performance, but rather, in the robustness of its performance to uncertainty in system parameters.
Observations of Severe Local Storms and Tornadoes with the Atmospheric Imaging Radar
Authors: Bodine David J. , Bonin Timothy A. , Isom Bradley , Palmer Robert D. , Cheong Boon Leng , Lujan Javier , Mahre Andrew , Byrd Andrew D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMobile radar platforms designed for observation of severe local storms have consistently pushed the boundaries of spatial and temporal resolution in order to allow for detailed analysis of storm structure and evolution. Digital beamforming, or radar imaging, is a technique that is similar in nature to a photograwphic camera, where data samples from different spaces at the same range are collected simultaneously. This allows for rapid volumetric update rates compared to radars that scan with a single narrow beam. The Atmospheric Imaging Radar (AIR) is a mobile X-band (3.14-cm wavelength) imaging weather radar that transmits a vertical, 20° fan beam and uses a 36-element receive array to form instantaneous range–height indicators (RHIs) with a native beamwidth of 1° × 1°. Rotation in azimuth allows for 20° × 90° volumetric updates in under 6 s, while advanced pulse compression techniques achieve 37.5-m range resolution. The AIR has been operational since 2012 and has collected data on tornadoes and supercells at ranges as close as 6 km, resulting in high spatial and temporal resolution observations of severe local storms. The use of atmospheric imaging is exploited to detail rapidly evolving phenomena that are difficult to observe with traditional scanning weather radars.
The Dynamics of Mesoscale Winds in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere
Authors: Callies Jörn , Bühler Oliver , Ferrari Raffaele 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Spectral analysis is applied to infer the dynamics of mesoscale winds from aircraft observations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Two datasets are analyzed: one collected aboard commercial aircraft and one collected using a dedicated research aircraft. A recently developed wave–vortex decomposition is used to test the observations’ consistency with linear inertia–gravity wave dynamics. The decomposition method is shown to be robust in the vicinity of the tropopause if flight tracks vary sufficiently in altitude. For the lower stratosphere, the decompositions of both datasets confirm a recent result that mesoscale winds are consistent with the polarization and dispersion relations of inertia–gravity waves. For the upper troposphere, however, the two datasets disagree: only the research aircraft data indicate consistency with linear wave dynamics at mesoscales. The source of the inconsistency is a difference in mesoscale variance of the measured along-track wind component. To further test the observed flow’s consistency with linear wave dynamics, the ratio between tropospheric and stratospheric mesoscale energy levels is compared to a simple model of upward-propagating waves that are partially reflected at the tropopause. For both datasets, the observed energy ratio is roughly consistent with the simple wave model, but wave frequencies diagnosed from the data draw into question the applicability of the monochromatic theory at wavelengths smaller than 10 km.
First-Year Evaluation of GPM Rainfall over the Netherlands: IMERG Day 1 Final Run (V03D)
Authors: Gaona M. F. Rios , Overeem A. , Leijnse H. , Uijlenhoet R. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is the successor to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), which orbited Earth for ~17 years. With Core Observatory launched on 27 February 2014, GPM offers global precipitation estimates between 60°N and 60°S at 0.1° × 0.1° resolution every 30 min. Unlike during the TRMM era, the Netherlands is now within the coverage provided by GPM. Here the first year of GPM rainfall retrievals from the 30-min gridded Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) product Day 1 Final Run (V03D) is assessed. This product is compared against gauge-adjusted radar rainfall maps over the land surface of the Netherlands at 30-min, 24-h, monthly, and yearly scales. These radar rainfall maps are considered to be ground truth. The evaluation of the first year of IMERG operations is done through time series, scatterplots, empirical exceedance probabilities, and various statistical indicators. In general, there is a tendency for IMERG to slightly underestimate (2%) countrywide rainfall depths. Nevertheless, the relative underestimation is small enough to propose IMERG as a reliable source of precipitation data, especially for areas where rain gauge networks or ground-based radars do not offer these types of high-resolution data and availability. The potential of GPM for rainfall estimation in a midlatitude country is confirmed.
Reallocation of Plan Targets in the Case of Shortfalls in Some Sectors
Authors: Rangarajan C. , Satia J.K. 
Published: September 2016

The evaluation and monitoring plan performance in India essentially focusses on the questions like why the shortfalls have occurred, what the bottlenecks were, and what attempts should be made to resolve these difficulties. While the shortfalls are recognized, not much attention has been paid to the replanning measures necessary. In this paper the authors address themselves to the task of readjusting plan targets when shortfalls that occurred in certain sectors cannot be made good during the plan period. The problem is formulated as a mathematical programme. The constraints are derived by the necessity to retain inter-sectoral balances. Two different objective functions and their implications are discussed, A case study which uses the input-output table for the year 1973–74 is used to illustrate the methodology and analyse the effect of shortfalls in two sectors-electricity, and basic metals and metal products.
The Future of Management
Authors: Dam Andre van 
Published: September 2016

This article attempts to foresee the role of managers in the 1980s. The future challenge for business and other leaders is in fitting the corporate problem perspective into a society which will no longer draw sharp borderlines between private and public enterprises. Managers will have to set an atmosphere where collective objectives allow for a symbiotic relationship between the private and public sectors; for manager and employees will be tacitly assuming that leadership reaches beyond the corporation. Neither the competitive nature of the marketplace nor the proprietory character of research and development will hinder this co-operation. The paper predicts that such an interdependency between the two sectors will involve a diffusion of power and reversal of the classical shape of management hierarchy. This reversal, however, will not imply any loss of agility or flexibility. If sound business decisions are to add up to purposeful social decisions, the corporate purpose must be perceived by the public as being as much in their interest as in the private interest. Four fields of endeavour, where management can most readily demonstrate its genuine concern for a rewarding societal role and where a symbiotic relationships with the public sector can flourish, have been selected for detailed discussion1 employment, technology, advertising, and profits.
Self-Medication Practices: An Exploratory Study*
Authors: Gupta Subroto Sen , Misra Sasi 
Published: September 2016

This study identifies diseases which are commonly selftreated, people's sources of information about drugs, differential credibility attributed to these information sources, degree of perceived risks in self-medication, and predispositional differences among people in the adoption of various risk reducing methods. Ninety adults from three localities of Ahmedabad were interviewed with the help of a structured interview schedule. The results showed that (a) head ache is selftreated by almost all, (b) some diseases fall in the “gray area” wherein about half the people treat themselves and the other half consult a doctor, (c) elders in the family rank next to the doctor who commands the highest credibility, (d) risk reduction is achieved primarily by buying a medicine that was recommended earlier by the doctor and/or by satisfaction derived from previous usage, and (e) those who express concern over minor ailments and health adopt a variety of risk reducing methods and respond well to advertisements. In addition, implications of the findings for possible marketing action have been discussed.
Manpower Planning?
Authors: Jhunjhunwalla Bharat 
Published: September 2016

Any developing economy needs an accurate estimate of the trained manpower requirement for planning the education system to meet these requirements. Reviewing three recent publications on this crucial problem which is engaging the attention of Indian planners, Bharat Jhunjhunwalla stresses that the problem has both cultural and political dimensions and that the Indian planners should become aware of the structural parameters determining the developmental process. Committee on Education and Total Employment Constituted by the Forum of Education, Educated Unemployment in India: Challenge and Responses (New Delhi: Hindustan Publishing Corporation, 1972). Dhar. T.N., The Politics of Manpower Planning (Calcutta: Minerva, 1974). Kidder, David E, Education and Manpower Planning in India (Bombay: Progressive Corporation, 1973).
International Marketing
Authors: Mohan Manendra 
Published: September 2016

The concept and practice of internationa I marketing needs to undergo a radical reorientation if it has to play its proper role in the eighties and beyond. An obvious challenge at the present juncture comes from the resurgence of protectionism in industrial nations. The frontiers of international marketing should be widened to harness the potential of emergent semi-industrial nations. Books Reviewed Cateora, Philip R.; and Hess, John M., International Marketing (Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, 1975). Fayerweather, John, International Marketing (New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India, 1976). Majaro, Simon, International Marketing: A Strategic Approach to World Markets (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1977). Miracle, Gordon E.; and Albaum. Gerald S., International Marketing Management (Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, 1970). Terpstra, Vern, International Marketing (Illinois: Dryden Press, 1972).
Does Futurology Have A Future in India?
Authors: Sambrani Shreekant , Dholakia Nikhilesh 
Published: September 2016

A population growth rate of around 2 per cent per annum being the one certainty of India's future, predictions have varied between Malthusian nightmares and blissful utopias. The methods used for arriving at these conclusions have been just as varied in their rigour and data base. One sustained effort aspiring to a degree of seriousness has been the Second India Studies. In this review article, Shreekant Sambrani and Nikhilesh Dholakia examine the studies individually and as a whole for their analytical utility and policy prescriptions. They also look into the institutional setting of the country, particularly the roles and the biases of the elites and their influence on decision-making. This leads them to posit certain propositions regarding the place and utility of futurological studies in developing societies. Books Reviewed Ambannavar, J. P., Second India Studies: Population, 1975. Chaturvedi, M. C., Second India Studies: Water, 1976. Ezekiel. H., Second India Studies: Industry, 1975. -----, Second India Studies: Overview, 1978. ----; and Pavaskar, M. G., Second India Studies: Services, 1976. Mehta, F.A., Second India Studies: Economy, 1976. Parikh, K.S., Second India Studies: Energy, 1976. Rao, V.M., Second India Studies: Food, 1975. (all published by Macmillan Company of India, New Delhi.)