bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthocyanin pigment stability of Cornus mas–Macrocarpa under treatment with pH and some organic acids
Authors: Babaloo Farideh , Jamei Rashid 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe use of colors in food industry is essential for the creation of new products or their improvement. As an important pigment group, anthocyanin could be used as a natural coloring pigment in foods. This study aims at exploring strategies that result in color stability of anthocyanin in pear‐shaped variety of blueberry (Cornus mas–Macrocarpa). In this study, the effects of different pH values (1, 2, 3, 4) as well as various concentrations (0, 120, 240, 480, 960 mg/L) of five copigments, including tannic, caffeic, benzoic, and coumaric acids, on anthocyanin copigment complexes (ratio 1:1) were investigated. The studied copigments were tannic, caffeic, benzoic, and coumaric acids. Anthocyanin was influenced by the highest concentration of 960 mg/L copigment in the presence of different pHs. Five groups were considered, one of which contained anthocyanin without copigment and the rest consisted of copigments. To evaluate the response of copigmentation through spectrophotometer, absorbance from samples was measured after 30 min of adding copigment to anthocyanin in the range of 450–600 nm wavelengths. The results showed that caffeic acid possessed the greatest anthocyanin stability compared to other copigments and it was the best copigment. An increase in the concentrations of copigments led to a higher level of anthocyanin stability and changes in hyperchromic and bathochromic. Moreover, the results revealed that the strongest hyperchromic effect for all organic acids was observed in pH 2, and the strongest bathochromic changes were observed in pH 4.
Orange‐fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) composite bread as a significant source of dietary vitamin A
Authors: Awuni Victoria , Alhassan Martha Wunnam , Amagloh Francis Kweku 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRefining food recipes with orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) has the potential to improve dietary intake of vitamin A. The objectives of this study were to utilize OFSP in the development of two composite bread types and to assess their contribution to dietary intake of vitamin A using the dietary reference intake of lactating mothers. Two composite OFSP–wheat flour bread recipes—vita butter bread and vita tea bread—were developed by incorporating 46% OFSP puree in existing 100% wheat flour bread recipes consumed by Ghanaians. A paired‐preference test was used to profile the appearance, aroma, sweetness, and overall degree of liking of the vita butter bread and vita tea bread and their respective 100% wheat flour bread types. Weighed bread intake by lactating mothers (n = 50) was used to estimate the contribution to dietary vitamin A based on the trans β‐carotene content. The developed vita butter bread and vita tea bread were most preferred by at least 77% (p < .05) of consumers (n = 310) for all the attributes considered. The average daily intake by the lactating mothers for vita butter bread was 247 g, and for vita tea bread was 196 g. The trans β‐carotene content of vita butter bread and vita tea bread were found to be 1.333 mg/100 g and 0.985 mg/100 g, respectively. The estimated trans‐β‐carotene intake was 3,293 μg/day (vita butter) and 1,931 μg/day (vita tea) based on the weighed bread intake, respectively, meeting 21% and 12% of the daily requirement (1,300 μg RAE/day) for lactating mothers, the life stage group with the highest vitamin A requirement. OFSP therefore could composite wheat flour to bake butter and tea bread, and will contribute to significant amount of dietary intake of vitamin A.
Mycofloral profile and the radiation sensitivity (D10 values) of solar dried and gamma irradiated Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.Ex. Fr.) Kummer fruitbodies stored in two different packaging materials
Authors: Kortei Nii Korley , Odamtten George Tawia , Obodai Mary , Wiafe‐Kwagyan Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe presence of fungi in our foods poses serious health risks as some genera of fungi may produce certain mycotoxins which have carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressive effect on humans and animals alike. Fruitbodies of Pleurotus ostreatus were solar dried at a moisture content of 12.5 ± 0.2% and stored in polythene and polypropylene packs, gamma irradiated at doses of 0 (control), 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kGy at a dose rate of 1.7 kGy/hr from a Cobalt 60 source (SLL, 515, Hungary) and stored at room temperature 28–30°C for a period of 12 months. Mycological analyses were done at intervals of 0, 3, 6, and 12 months. A total of eleven (11) fungi belonging to eight fungal genera were isolated on both Cooke's and DRBC media; Aspergillus (A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. tamarii), Rhizopus (R. oligosporus), Mucor (M. racemosus), Fusarium (F. oxysporum), Penicillium (Penicillium sp.), Trichoderma (T. viride), and Rhodotorula sp. were recorded. There was a significant (p < .05) reduction in initial mycofloral population by an average of 2.2 log cycles as well as in species numbers with increasing doses of radiation. Radiation sensitivity (D10 values) also ranged between 1.68–2.78 kGy. Gamma irradiation treatment is one way which can enhance food safety through the reduction in potential pathogens and has been recommended as part of a comprehensive program to enhance food safety.
Harder, better, faster … Yet stronger? Working conditions and self‐declaration of chronic diseases
Authors: Defebvre Éric 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe role played by working conditions in worker health status has been widely acknowledged in the literature in general but has received less attention in economics, due to the inherent statistical biases and lack of data available to determine the role of simultaneous and chronic exposures. This study aims to estimate the causal impact of detrimental working conditions on the self‐declaration of chronic diseases in France. Using a rebuilt retrospective lifelong panel and defining indicators for physical and psychosocial strains, I implement a mixed econometric strategy that relies on difference‐in‐differences and matching methods to take into account for selection biases as well as unobserved heterogeneity. For men and women, I find deleterious effects of both types of working conditions on the declaration of chronic diseases after exposure, with varying patterns of impacts according to the nature and magnitude of the strains. These results provide insights into the debate on legal retirement age postponement and justify not only policies being enacted early in individuals' careers in order to prevent subsequent midcareer health repercussions, but also schemes that are more focused on psychosocial risk factors.
Free gracilis muscle transfer for smile reanimation after treatment for advanced parotid malignancy
Authors: Faris Callum , Heiser Alyssa , Hadlock Tessa , Jowett Nate 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to characterize the outcomes of free gracilis muscle transfer for delayed smile reanimation after radical parotidectomy.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients who underwent free gracilis muscle transfer for smile reanimation after radical parotidectomy between 2003 and 2016 was performed. Patient‐reported quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale [FaCE]), physician‐reported facial function (“eFACE” facial grading scale), and oral commissure excursion were compared preoperatively and postoperatively.ResultsTwelve patients were identified with prior surgery and adjuvant therapy (radiotherapy in 6 cases and chemoradiotherapy in 6 cases). Significant postoperative improvements were demonstrated for ipsilateral commissure excursion with smile (preoperatively: −2.2 mm [SD 2.3 mm] vs postoperatively: 7.9 mm [SD 2.5 mm]; P = .002), with meaningful smile achieved in 11 of 12 cases (91.7%). The average duration of facial paralysis before intervention was 72 months (range 12‐204 months).ConclusionFree gracilis muscle transfer is an option for dynamic smile reanimation in select patients who have undergone treatment for advanced parotid malignancy.
On the Relationship between Classical Structure Determination and Retrosynthetic Analysis/Total Synthesis†
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe relationship between classical structure determination and retrosynthetic analysis combined with total synthesis is examined in detail. The chemical degradation steps in the former are the counterparts of the retrosynthetic steps in the latter. And the gedankenexperiment, also known as “paper chemistry,” working forward and solving the structure from the degradation data, is the counterpart of the experimental forward steps in a total synthesis. The wide use of genealogic‐like “trees” to organize and illustrate many reaction sets in organic chemistry is discussed. Excerpts from the writings of Sir Robert Robinson, R. B. Woodward, and Carl Djerassi reveal historically important insights about these activities in the 1940s–1960s.
Predicting success of methotrexate treatment by pretreatment HCG level and 24‐hour HCG increment
Authors: Levin Gabriel , Saleh Narjes A. , Haj‐Yahya Rani , Matan Liat S. , Avi Benshushan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐HCG) level and its 24‐hour increment as predictors of successful methotrexate treatment for ectopic pregnancy.MethodsData were retrospectively reviewed from women with ectopic pregnancy who were treated by single‐dose methotrexate (50 mg/m2) at a university hospital in Jerusalem, Israel, between January 1, 2000, and June 30, 2015. Serum β‐HCG before treatment and its percentage increment in the 24 hours before treatment were compared between treatment success and failure groups.ResultsSixty‐nine women were included in the study. Single‐dose methotrexate treatment was successful for 44 (63.8%) women. Both mean β‐HCG level and its 24‐hour increment were lower for women with successful treatment than for those with failed treatment (respectively, 1224 IU\L vs 2362 IU\L, P=0.018; and 13.5% vs 29.6%, P=0.009). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis yielded cutoff values of 1600 IU\L and 14% increment with a positive predictive value of 75% and 82%, respectively, for treatment success. β‐HCG level and its 24‐hour increment were independent predictors of treatment outcome by logistic regression (both P<0.01).ConclusionsA β‐HCG increment of less than 14% in the 24 hours before single‐dose methotrexate and serum β‐HCG of less than 1600 IU\L were found to be good predictors of treatment success.
A fully automated hybrid methodology using Cuckoo‐based fuzzy clustering technique for magnetic resonance brain image segmentation
Authors: Alagarsamy Saravanan , Kamatchi Kartheeban , Govindaraj Vishnuvarthanan , Thiyagarajan Arunprasath 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article aims at developing an automated hybrid algorithm using Cuckoo Based Search (CBS) and interval type‐2 fuzzy based clustering, so as to exhibit efficient magnetic resonance (MR) brain image segmentation. An automatic MR brain image segmentation facilitates and enables a radiologist to have a brief review and easy analysis of complicated tumor regions of imprecise gray level regions with minimal user interface. The tumor region having severe intensity variations and suffering from poor boundaries are to be detected by the proposed hybrid technique that could ease the process of clinical diagnosis and this tends to be the core subject of this article. The ability of the proposed technique is compared using standard comparison parameters such as mean squared error, peak signal to noise ratio, computational time, Dice Overlap Index, and Jaccard Tanimoto Coefficient Index. The proposed CBS combined with interval type‐2 fuzzy based clustering produces a sensitivity of 0.7143 and specificity of 0.9375, which are far better than the conventional techniques such as kernel based, entropy based, graph‐cut based, and self‐organizing maps based clustering. Appreciable segmentation results of tumor region that enhances clinical diagnosis is made available through this article and two of the radiologists who have hands on experience in the field of radiology have extended their support in validating the efficiency of the proposed methodology and have given their consent in utilizing the proposed methodology in the processes of clinical oncology.
EEG source localization using a sparsity prior based onBrodmann areas
Authors: Saha Sajib , Nesterets Yakov , Rana Rajib , Tahtali Murat , de Hoog Frank , Gureyev Timur 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLocalizing the sources of electrical activity in the brain from electroencephalographic (EEG) data is an important tool for noninvasive study of brain dynamics. Generally, the source localization process involves a high‐dimensional inverse problem that has an infinite number of solutions and thus requires additional constraints to be considered to have a unique solution. In this article, we propose a novel method for EEG source localization. The proposed method is based on dividing the cerebral cortex of the brain into a finite number of “functional zones” which correspond to unitary functional areas in the brain. To specify the sparsity profile of human brain activity more concisely, the proposed approach considers grouping of the electrical current dipoles inside each of the functional zones. In this article, we investigate the use of Brodmann's areas as the functional zones while sparse Bayesian learning is used to perform sparse approximation. Numerical experiments are conducted on a realistic head model obtained from segmentation of MRI images of the head and includes four major compartments namely scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain with relative conductivity values. Three different electrode setups are tested in the numerical experiments. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is quite promising in solving the EEG source localization problem. In a noiseless environment with 71 electrodes, the proposed method was found to accurately locate up to 6 simultaneously active sources with accuracy >70%.
Segmentation method for medical image based on improved GrabCut
Authors: Lu Yu‐Wei , Jiang Jian‐Guo , Qi Mei‐Bin , Zhan Shu , Yang Jie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSegmentation of medical images has a lot of interferences because of the low contrast and fuzzy boundaries. It's hard to get perfect effect using present image segmentation methods, so we put forward an improved algorithm based on GrabCut and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) in this paper in order to obtain simplify interactive operation and better segmentation precision. We extend the GrabCut approach in 2 respects. Firstly, the initial GMMs of foreground and background were obtained by training sets, which could improve the algorithm's convergence rate. Secondly, the segmentation was restricted by the figure of foreground from training. Experimental results showed that compared with the traditional GrabCut algorithm, our proposed algorithm can simplify interactive operation (t = 14.33, P < .01) and improve the segmentation speed (t = 16.77, P < .01). In addition, in respect of segmentation precision, our proposed algorithm was obviously better than the traditional algorithms such as Graph Cut, GrabCut and Lazy Snapping. (F = 149.546, P < .01). The improved algorithm we proposed in this manuscript is especially suitable for processing large‐scale medical images.
Barriers to Implementing Irrigation and Drainage Policies in An Giang Province, Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Tran D. D. , Weger J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWater management in delta floodplains worldwide faces many challenges due to the changing climate and increasing human intervention in the hydrological regimes of rivers. Irrigation and drainage systems are necessary components of a water management strategy that aims to support human habitation and agricultural production, but which need effective coordination in order to adapt to exogenous impacts. However, management of such systems often fails for a variety of reasons. In the floodplain of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, irrigation and drainage systems under dike protection confront ineffective implementation of water management policy, posing a challenge for adaptation to exogenous impacts on the hydrological regime. Over the past two decades, farmers have increasingly cultivated annual triple‐rice crops in high‐dike compartments, ignoring government regulations that call for flood retention. This study analyses interviews with farmers to identify their motivation for not implementing the triennial cropping off‐season advised by the local government (3–3–2 cycle). Our findings show that farmers have avoided implementing the 3–3–2 cycle because of various disadvantages that the system presents for them. Local officials, in turn, have accepted farmers' disregard of the rule. Lessons learnt from this study are considered to explore measures to effectively adapt to future hydrological changes. © 2017 The Authors. Irrigation and Drainage published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Commission for Irrigation and Drainage
Doctoral training in clinical psychology across 23 years: Continuity and change
Authors: Norcross John C. , Sayette Michael A. , Pomerantz Andrew M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveDoctoral training in clinical psychology has undergone substantial changes in recent decades, especially with the increasing heterogeneity of training models and graduate students. To document these changes, we analyzed program, student, and faculty characteristics of American Psychological Association (APA)‐accredited clinical psychology programs over a 23‐year span.MethodWe surveyed directors of clinical training about their doctoral programs every 2 years from 1991 to 2013, securing 90%–98% response rates. With minimal exceptions, the survey questions remained constant.ResultsPercentages of female and racial/ethnic minority students continued to grow, such that women now comprise about three quarters of trainees and ethnic minorities about one quarter. There has been a decisive shift in faculty theoretical orientation toward cognitive/cognitive‐behavioral and away from psychodynamic/psychoanalytic. Internship match rates were relatively high and stable until the early 2010s but have recently rebounded.ConclusionWe discuss the limitations of these survey results and their implications for the future of doctoral training in clinical psychology
Spatial clustering of maximum 24‐h rainfall over Urmia Lake Basin by new weighting approaches
Authors: Dehghan Zohreh , Eslamian Seyed Saeid , Modarres Reza 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe lack of data in rainfall stations of Iran is one of the main problems in design and management of hydrologic systems. Moreover, the density of these stations network is not sufficient for estimation of rainfall at ungauged regions. Therefore, regionalization can be an essential tool to be applied for clustering the rainfall and spatial pattern analysis of homogeneous regions to quantify regional rainfall patterns. Homogeneous regions are usually defined based on different methods and with consideration of a category of attributes. Selection of attributes as representatives of the study region is an important aspect in clustering of a region, as is the importance degree (or determined weight) that each of these attributes can allocate to themselves. Consequently, the aim of this study is to select a broad category of climatic, geographical, and statistical attributes of the maximum 24‐h rainfall of the Urmia Lake Basin for 63 selected stations for the period 1979–2008 and next to determine an appropriate weight for each of the attributes in each defined category. To investigate the weighting effect in regionalizing and to determine the appropriate weight for each defined attribute, respectively, Ward's clustering technique, principal component analysis, and correlation coefficients matrix methods were used. The homogeneity measure test showed that all identified clusters are homogeneous. The clustering results showed that based on the different attributes categories, different results can be presented in terms of the number of clusters, distribution of stations, and spatial pattern of clusters. Moreover, the performances of the proposed weighting approaches for spatial clustering analysis are better than no‐weight scenario in most modes according to the spatial patterns and homogeneity measurements.
Variations in the start, end, and length of extreme precipitation period across China
Authors: Guo Xiangyu , Wu Zhengfang , He Hongshi , Du Haibo , Wang Lei , Yang Yue , Zhao Weihong 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTUsing the daily precipitation records during 1961–2013 from 686 meteorological stations across China and the atmospheric circulation indexes, this study investigates the spatio‐temporal changes in the occurrence time and length of the extreme precipitation period (EPP), as well as their influencing factors. The results show the following aspects: (1) In the last 53 years, the start dates of the extreme precipitation period (EPPS) generally advanced. The end dates of the extreme precipitation period (EPPE) are delayed, which show an increasing trend. The lengths of the extreme precipitation period (EPPL) in most of the China meteorological stations increased. (2) The spatial patterns of the trends in the occurrence time and length of the extreme precipitation period are similar and show obvious clustering. The occurrence time and length of the extreme precipitation period have obvious spatial gradient differences in their average values. In southeastern China, the average EPPS is earlier, EPPE is later than those in other regions, and their EPPL is prolonged. The EPP in northeastern China begins later and ends earlier, and its EPPL is shorter than that in other regions. (3) The western Pacific subtropical high, Northern Hemisphere polar vortex, Antarctic Oscillation, and western Pacific warm pool have significant effects on the occurrence time and length of EPP over China, and different regions show different effects.
Spectroscopic characterization of historical building materials: The case study of the Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana (Venice, Italy)
Authors: Lodi Giulia Carolina , De Ferri Lavinia , Pojana Giulio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe building designed by Sansovino in 1532 as the new Mint of Venice underwent a change in its intended use, becoming in 1900 the Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana. A spectroscopic study concerning the surface stone materials of the current reading room (previously a courtyard) was attempted since the transformation lead to heavy micro‐ and macroclimatic variations.Many alterations were observed, such as blackening, cracking, incrustations, and mortars powdering. The employed techniques, such as Raman and Fourier Transform InfraRed‐Attenuated Total Reflectance spectroscopy, allowed identifying the substrate main components and their alteration phases, mainly sulfates and nitrates.These data represent important information when approaching such a famous building because every further intervention must be based on accurate scientific results.