bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 4‐Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid with Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Peroxidase.
Authors: KOVAR K. A. , EL‐BOLKINY M. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas durch Umsetzung von 4‐Hydroxyphenylessigsäure (I) mit H2O2 in Gegenwart von Peroxidase erhaltene Reaktionsprodukt wird durch unabhängige Synthese als Dihydroxy‐biphenylessigsäure (II) identifiziert.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthetic Strategy for Naphthalene Annellation of Norbornenylogous System.
Authors: PADDON‐ROW M. N. , PATNEY H. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung des Tetrabrom‐o‐xylols (I) mit Norbornen (IIa), Norbomadien (IIb) und analogen Systemen in Gegenwart von Natriumiodid führt in der skizzierten Weise zur Anellierung von Naphthalin.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of 4‐Phenyl‐2‐azetidinone with Aldehydes.
Authors: BERGMANN H.‐J. , OTTO H.‐H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie im Titel genannte Verbindung (I) reagiert mit aliphatischen Aldehyden (II) nach N‐Metallierung über die Zwischenstufe der Hydroxyalkyl‐Derivate (III) zu N‐Vinyl‐ß‐lactamen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Oxalyl Derivatives of Methyl Ketones. Part 43. Synthesis of 2‐Imino‐ 2,3‐dihydro‐3‐furanones, Their Hydrolysis and Aminolysis.
Authors: ANDREICHIKOV YU. S. , SHUROV S. N. , ZALESOV V. V. , SHAPET'KO N. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe thermolytic decarbonylation of the furandiones (I) in the presence of the isocyanides (II) yields the [4 + 1] cycloadducts, i.e. the 2‐imino derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Coupling of Ketones or Aldehydes with Electron‐Deficient Alkenes Promoted by Samarium Diiodide.
Authors: FUKUZAWA S. , NAKANISHI A. , FUJINAMI T. , SAKAI S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Acrylester (I) reagieren mit den Carbonylverbindungen (II) in Gegenwart von Samarium(II)‐iodid als Reduktionsmittel zu den Lactonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Sequential Acylation/Alkylation Reactions of 3‐Sulfolenes.
Authors: CHOU T. , TSO H.‐H. , LIN L. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus den 3‐Sulfolenen (I) entstehen über die Anionen (II) mit den Säurechloriden (III) die 2‐Acylverbindungen (IV), die nicht isoliert werden können, sondern durch weitere Acylierung die Enolester (VI) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of Furo[2,3‐b]indole Derivatives.
Authors: ABDEL‐LATIF F. F. , GOHAR A.‐K. M. N. , FAHMY A. M. , BADR M. Z. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds (IV), (VI), (VIII) and (XII) are synthesized from isatin (I) or its derivatives (II) as detailed in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,4‐Dihydro‐2‐phenyl‐2H‐pyrano[2,3‐b]pyridines. Novel Aza Analogs of Flavans.
Authors: BARGAR T. M. , WILSON T. , DANIEL J. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie 2‐Methoxy‐pyridine (I) werden über die Brom‐ (II) und Lithioverbindungen (III) mit den Zimtaldehyden (IV) in die Allylalkohole (V) übergeführt, die mit HBr/ Eisessig zu den Bicyclen (VI) kondensiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Acyl‐1,4‐benzodioxins.
Authors: GUILLAUMET G. , TRUMTEL M. , COUDERT G. , ZEGGAF C. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract1,4‐Benzodioxin (I) wird nach Metallierung in das 2‐Silyl‐benzodioxin (II) übergeführt und dieses durch Friede]‐ Crafts‐Acylierung in 2‐Acyl‐ benzodioxine (III) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytostatic Activity of 1,4‐Bis(alkylamino)benzo(g)phthalazines with Complexing Properties.
Authors: CAMPAYO L. , NAVARRO P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe dichloro compound (IIa) reacts with the amines (III) on heating to give mixtures of the monoalkylamino derivatives (IV) and the desired dialkylamino derivatives (Va) and (Vb).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 6‐Aryl‐4,5‐dihydropyridazin‐3(2H)ones.
Authors: EL‐KHAMRY A. M. A. , SHABAN M. E. , HABASHY M. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Bernsteinsäureanhydride (I) acylieren die Halogen‐anisole (II) zu den Aroylpropionsäuren (III), die mit den Hydrazinen (IV) zu den Dihydropyridazinonen (V) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 5‐Substituted Benzylbarbituric Acids and Investigation of the Effect of the Benzyl and Substituted Benzyl Groups on the Acidity of Barbituric Acid.
Authors: TATE J. V. , TINNERMAN W. N. II , JUREVICS V. , JESKEY H. , BIEHL E. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBarbitursäure (I) wird mit Benzylbromiden (II) zu (III) monosubstituiert; daneben erhält man geringe Mengen an Dibenzylderivaten (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolothienopyrazines: Chemical Investigation of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]thieno[2,3‐e]pyrazine.
Authors: EFFI Y. , LANCELOT J.‐C. , RAULT S. , ROBBA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie im Titel genannte Verbindung (II) wird zu den Verbindungen (I) bzw. (III)‐(V) alkyliert, bromiert bzw. nitriert.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Stereoisomeric Fused 2‐Imino Substituted 1,3‐Oxazines.
Authors: FUELOEP F. + , BERNATH G. , SOHAR P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie cis‐Aminomethylcycloalkanole (I) addieren Phenylsenföl (II) zu den Thioharnstoffen (III), die mit Methyliodid (IV) entweder die Isothioharnstoffe (V) oder die Iminooxazine (VI) liefern.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Pentadien‐3‐ones. Part 29. Synthesis of 3,3,7,7‐Tetramethyl‐1,5,2‐ oxathiazepane‐5,5‐dioxide.
Authors: KLEFFEL D. , OTTO H.‐H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas durch Oxidation des Thiaheptadiens (I) erhaltene Sulfon (IIb) wird mit Hydroxylamin (III) zur im Titel genannten Verbindung (IV) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon Compounds and Their Group Homologs. Part. 64. Unsaturated Silicon Compounds. Part 12. On the Way to a Stable Silaethene >Si = C<: Sterically Overloaded Trisilylmethanes tBu2SiX ‐ CY(SiMe3)2 (X, Y: H, Hal, Li).
Authors: WIBERG N. , WAGNER G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe sterically overloaded trisilylmethanes (IV)‐(IX) are accessible via (III) as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Monosubstituted Methanediphosphonic Acids and in vivo Study of Their 99mTc Metal Complexes in Animals.
Authors: OLLIVIER R. , STURTZ G. , LEGENDRE J.‐M. , JACOLOT G. , TURZO A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe desired Compounds (VI) (no yields given for the last step) are synthesized as described in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Substituted Phosphonates. Part 48. Synthesis of α‐Phosphorylated Aryloxyacetic Acids.
Authors: HARTMANN W. , STEINKE W. , GLOEDE J. , GROSS H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of the (aryloxy)bromoacetic esters (I) with the P(III) esters (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Tetrakis(polyfluoroalkoxy)telluranes with the Anhydrides of Carboxylic and Dicarboxylic Acids.
Authors: STUKALO E. A. , YUR'EVA E. M. , MARKOVSKII L. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reactions between the tetrakis‐telluranes (I) and the carboxylic anhydrides (II) and (IV) yield the derivatives (III) and (V)‐(IX), depending on the following conditions: the molar ratios of the reactants, the structures of the anhydrides and the reaction temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Modes of Histidine. Part 9. Synthesis, Stereochemistry, and Oxygenation of Cobalt(II) ‐ Pyridoxal Model Complexes. A New Family of Chiral Dioxygen Carriers.
Authors: CASELLA L. , GULLOTTI M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Co(II) complexes (I)‐(IV) are prepared by metal template condensation from salicylaldehyde, pyridoxal, or pyruvic acid and corresponding L‐ amino acids in the presence of Co(II) salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Proposed Antigenic Hexapeptide from Escherichia coli K88 Protein Fimbriae.
Authors: MELDAL M. , KINDTLER J. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title hexapeptide (IX) is assembled by stepwise synthesis in solution (conventional methods) Starting from the units (IV) and (V) in an overall yield of 44%.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Putative Antigenic Heptapeptide from Escherichia coli K88 ab Protein Fimbriae.
Authors: MELDAL M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe hexapeptide (III), spanning region 213‐219 of E. coli K88 ab protein fimbriae, was synthesized starting from the units (I) and (II) in a conventional stepwise fashion [using DCC and hydroxybenzotriazol (for preactivation in all condensation reactions), tert. butyloxy‐ and benzyloxycarbonyl groups (for side chain protection), and a mixture of TFA, phenol and p‐cresol (for repetitive depro‐ 150 tection)].
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(Methoxycarbonyl)methyl‐7‐phenylacetamido‐3‐thiacepham‐ 4‐carboxylates.
Authors: CRACKETT P. H. , GREENGRASS C. W. , STOODLEY R. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung des Bromhydrins (I) mit dem Salz (II) führt zu den diastereoisomeren Azetidinen (III) und (IV).
New Horizons for Perovskite Solar Cells Employing DNA‐CTMA as the Hole‐Transporting Material
Authors: Yusoff Abd. Rashid bin Mohd , Kim Jeongmo , Jang Jin , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe investigate solution‐processed low‐temperature lead‐halide perovskite solar cells employing deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA)–hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTMA) as the hole‐transport layer and (6,6)‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as electron‐acceptor layer in an inverted p–i–n device configuration. The perovskite solar cells utilizing a bio‐based charge‐transport layer demonstrate power conversion efficiency values of 15.86 %, with short‐circuit current density of 20.85 mA cm−2, open circuit voltage of 1.04 V, and fill factor of 73.15 %, and improved lifetime. DNA‐based devices maintained above 85 % of the initial efficiency after 50 days in air.
Performance of cognitive relay network with novel hybrid spectrum access schemes with imperfect CSI
Authors: Prasad Binod , Bhowmick Abhijit , Dhar Roy Sanjay , Kundu Sumit 
Published: May 2016

SummaryTwo novel spectrum access schemes, a hybrid spectrum access scheme (HSAS) and a modified HSAS combining underlay mode and overlay mode, are proposed for a relay based cognitive radio (CR) network. The CR employs the underlay mode with imperfect channel state information of the interfering link between CR transmitter and primary user receiver if primary user is sensed to be present else it employs overlay mode. In both the schemes, transmission of CR is assisted by relay working in amplify and forward scheme by maintaining interference below an interference threshold in underlay mode and a collision constraint in overlay mode. In HSAS, CR transmits either in underlay mode or in overlay mode only during the transmission slot of a detection cycle, whereas in modified HSAS, the CR transmits for the entire frame including the sensing time. The outage probability of CR user is considered as the performance metric. Novel expressions of outage probability for both the schemes have been developed. Impact of several sensing parameters such as sensing time, correlation coefficient, and tolerable interference threshold has been investigated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Demographic consequences of greater clonal than sexual reproduction in Dicentra canadensis
Authors: Lin Chia‐Hua , Miriti Maria N. , Goodell Karen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractClonality is a widespread life history trait in flowering plants that may be essential for population persistence, especially in environments where sexual reproduction is unpredictable. Frequent clonal reproduction, however, could hinder sexual reproduction by spatially aggregating ramets that compete with seedlings and reduce inter‐genet pollination. Nevertheless, the role of clonality in relation to variable sexual reproduction in population dynamics is often overlooked. We combined population matrix models and pollination experiments to compare the demographic contributions of clonal and sexual reproduction in three Dicentra canadensis populations, one in a well‐forested landscape and two in isolated forest remnants. We constructed stage‐based transition matrices from 3 years of census data to evaluate annual population growth rates, λ. We used loop analysis to evaluate the relative contribution of different reproductive pathways to λ. Despite strong temporal and spatial variation in seed set, populations generally showed stable growth rates. Although we detected some pollen limitation of seed set, manipulative pollination treatments did not affect population growth rates. Clonal reproduction contributed significantly more than sexual reproduction to population growth in the forest remnants. Only at the well‐forested site did sexual reproduction contribute as much as clonal reproduction to population growth. Flowering plants were more likely to transition to a smaller size class with reduced reproductive potential in the following year than similarly sized nonflowering plants, suggesting energy trade‐offs between sexual and clonal reproduction at the individual level. Seed production had negligible effects on growth and tuber production of individual plants. Our results demonstrate that clonal reproduction is vital for population persistence in a system where sexual reproduction is unpredictable. The bias toward clonality may be driven by low fitness returns for resource investment in sexual reproduction at the individual level. However, chronic failure in sexual reproduction may exacerbate the imbalance between sexual and clonal reproduction and eventually lead to irreversible loss of sex in the population.
Cross‐cultural differences in emotion suppression in everyday interactions
Authors: Huwaë Sylvia , Schaafsma Juliette 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPrevious research suggests that in collectivistic cultures, people tend to suppress their emotions more than in individualistic cultures. Little research, however, has explored cross‐cultural differences in emotion regulation in everyday interactions. Using a daily social interaction method, we examined whether people from collectivistic backgrounds (Chinese exchange students and immigrants from the Moluccas, Indonesia) living in the Netherlands differed from those from individualistic backgrounds (Dutch natives) in emotion suppression during everyday interactions. We also examined whether this depended on their relationship with the interaction partner(s). We found that Chinese participants suppressed positive and negative emotions more than Dutch and Moluccan participants and that this was related to differences in interdependent and independent self‐construal across the samples. We also found that Chinese participants suppressed positive emotions less in interactions with close others, whereas Dutch participants suppressed negative emotions more with non‐close others. No such differences were found for Moluccans. Our findings support the idea that people from collectivistic cultures suppress emotions more than those from individualistic cultures, but they also suggest that this depends on who the interaction partner is. Furthermore, they suggest that emotion suppression may change when people with collectivistic backgrounds have been raised in individualistic cultures.
Tympanoplasty in adhesive otitis media: A descriptive study
Authors: Larem Aisha , Haidar Hassan , Alsaadi Ali , Abdulkarim Hassanin , Abdulraheem Maryam , Sheta Sally , Ganesan Shanmugam , Elhakeem Amr , Alqahtani Abdulsalam 
Published: May 2016

Objectives/HypothesisThere is no consensus among clinicians regarding the best treatment strategy for adhesive otitis media (AdOM). It is common practice to only intervene in the presence of recurrent infections or significant conductive hearing loss. In an attempt to provide evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of surgical intervention, we have analyzed the long‐term outcome of tympanoplasty for AdOM .Study DesignProspective study.MethodsFrom January 2013 to April 2014, 57 patients with AdOM (60 ears) who fit our criteria for tympanoplasty were recruited and underwent tympanoplasty using tragal cartilage combined with transtympanic ventilation tube and cortical mastoidectomy. Otorrhea control, graft uptake, hearing level changes, and complications were evaluated within a 3‐year period of follow‐up.ResultsOtorrhea was controlled in 94% of the ears. Tympanic membrane healing was achieved in all ears except one ear, which had myringitis. Overall there was significant improvement in hearing. Whereas the mean preoperative air‐bone gap (ABG) was 30.4 ± 4.0 dB, postoperative mean ABG was 8.6 ± 6.9 dB at 1 year. Closure of ABG to within 20 dB was achieved in 46 ears (83.6%). One ear showed a drop in bone conduction level by 25 dB. No iatrogenic cholesteatoma was detected in any of the cases.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that tympanoplasty has favorable outcomes in AdOM . Risks of iatrogenic sensorineural hearing loss or cholesteatoma formation are negligible.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:2804–2810, 2016
Polymeric Thioxanthones as Potential Anticancer and Radiotherapy Agents
Authors: Yilmaz Gorkem , Guler Emine , Barlas Firat Baris , Timur Suna , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: May 2016

Thioxanthone (TX) and its derivatives, which are widely used as photoinitiators in UV curing technology, hold promising research interest in biological applications. In particular, the use of TXs as anticancer agent has recently been manifested as an outstanding additional property of this class of molecules. Incorporation of TX molecules into specially designed polymers widens their practical use in such applications. In this study, two water‐soluble, biocompatible, and stable polymers, namely poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(ethylene glycol), possessing TX moieties at the side chains and chain ends, respectively, are prepared and used as anticancer and radiotherapy agents. The findings confirm that both polymers are potential candidates for therapeutic agents as they possess useful features including water‐solubility, radiosensitizer effect, and anticancer activity in a polymeric scaffold.
image
Best Matching Protein Conformations and Docking Programs for a Virtual Screening Campaign Against SMO Receptor
Authors: Amendola Giorgio , Di Maio Danilo , La Pietra Valeria , Cosconati Sandro 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSMO receptor is one of the main components of the Hedgehog biochemical pathway. In the last decades compelling body of evidence demonstrated that this receptor is a pertinent target for the treatment of various types of solid tumors. Recently, the X‐ray determination of the three‐dimensional structure of SMO in complex with different antagonists opened up the way for the structure‐based design of new antagonists for this receptor that could possibly overcome the limitations connected with the induction of acquired tumor resistance. Herein, taking advantage of three different docking software (namely Glide, PLANTS, and Vina) and of the available SMO structures we set up a retrospective virtual screening (VS) protocol. A database, made up by known SMO antagonists and compounds with no alleged activity against the receptor was created and screened against the different SMO structures. To evaluate the performance of the ranking in VS calculations different statistical metrics (EF, AUAC and BEDROC) were employed allowing to identify the best performing VS docking protocol. Results of these studies will serve as a platform for the application of structure‐based VS against the pharmaceutically relevant SMO receptor.
Evolutionary non‐cooperative spectrum sharing game: long‐term coexistence for collocated cognitive radio networks
Authors: Amjad Muhammad Faisal , Chatterjee Mainak , Nakhila Omar , Zou Cliff C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCollocated cognitive radio networks (CRNs) employ coexistence protocols to share the spectrum when it is not being used by the licensed primary users. These protocols work under the assumption that all spectrum bands provide the same level of quality of service, which is somewhat simplistic because channel conditions as well as the licensee's usage of allocated channels can vary significantly with time and space. These circumstances dictate that some channels may be considered better than others; therefore, CRNs are expected to have a preference over the choice of available channels. Because all CRNs are assumed to be rational and select the best available channels, it can lead to an imbalance in contention for disparate channels, degraded quality of service, and an overall inefficient utilization of spectrum resource. In this paper, we analyze this situation from a game theoretic perspective and model the coexistence of CRNs with heterogeneous spectrum as an evolutionary anti‐coordination spectrum‐sharing game. We derive the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) of the game by proving that it cannot be invaded by a greedy strategy. We also derive the replicator dynamics of the proposed evolutionary game, a mechanism with which players can learn from their payoff outcomes of strategic interactions and modify their strategies at every stage of the game and subsequently converge to ESS. Because all CRNs approach ESS based solely upon the common knowledge payoff observations, the evolutionary game can be implemented in a distributed manner. Finally, we analyze the game from the perspective of fairness using Jain's fairness index under selfish behavior from CRNs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery of genes involved in mitosis, cell division, cell wall integrity and chromosome segregation through construction of Schizosaccharomyces pombe deletion strains
Authors: Chen Jun‐Song , Beckley Janel R. , Ren Liping , Feoktistova Anna , Jensen Michael A. , Rhind Nicholas , Gould Kathleen L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe fission yeast model system Schizosaccharomyces pombe is used to study fundamental biological processes. To continue to fill gaps in the Sz. pombe gene deletion collection, we constructed a set of 90 haploid gene deletion strains covering many previously uncharacterized genes. To begin to understand the function of these genes, we exposed this collection of strains to a battery of stress conditions. Using this information in combination with microscopy, proteomics and mini‐chromosome loss assays, we identified genes involved in cell wall integrity, cytokinesis, chromosome segregation and DNA metabolism. This subset of non‐essential gene deletions will add to the toolkits available for the study of biological processes in Sz. pombe. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethyl Acetate/2‐Butanol as Effective Green Chromatography Solvent for Coexisting Anionic Surfactants
Authors: Mohammad Ali , Mobin Rizwana 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThin layer chromatography has been used for the analysis of anionic surfactants, which are common ingredients of personal care and cleaning products. From the environmental and human health points of view, emphasis has been placed on the use of safer solvents in analytical and synthetic chemical processes. In the present study, we have used 2‐butanol and ethyl acetate as a green mobile phase in combination with silica gel G as a stationary phase for the separation and identification of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, N‐lauroylsarcosine sodium salt, sodium lauryl sulfate, and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. The separation pattern has been presented as a densitogram. To examine the separation efficiency of the proposed thin layer chromatographic system, chromatographic parameters for separations have been calculated. To examine the effect of nature of alcohol on the mobility of surfactants, 2‐butanol was substituted in the mobile phase (M9) with other alcohols. Mobility trends of the separated surfactants have been examined in the presence of foreign organic and inorganic substances as impurities. The limits of detection for the separated surfactants have been determined. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the identification of surfactants in commercial products.