bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic Characteristics and Preliminary Outcomes in a Cohort of HIV-Positive Patients With Kaposi's Sarcoma in a High ART Coverage Setting: A Report from Botswana
Authors: Elmore Shekinah N. , Bigger Elizabeth S. , Kayembe Mukendi K.A. , Musimar Zola , Suneja Gita , Efstathiou Jason A. , Dryden-Peterson Scott 
Published: July 2016

Abstract 50 Objective: Despite antiretroviral treatment coverage exceeding 90% by government estimates, Kaposi sarcoma (KS) remains the most prevalent malignancy in Botswana. Incidence has decreased minimally over the last decade. We sought to explore reasons for persistent high incidence and describe KS outcomes. Methods: Since 2010, consenting patients presenting to one of three oncology centers for KS treatment were enrolled prospectively and followed quarterly. Baseline HIV testing performed and records abstracted through April 2015. Results: 207 KS patients enrolled, 60% (125) with clinical diagnosis, 34% (71) with pathologic diagnosis, and 11 (6%) with radiologic/other diagnosis. Median age at diagnosis was 37 years (IQR: 11.9) and 63% (133) male. At presentation, 65% (134) had cutaneous and 24% (49) had disseminated disease. Revised ACTG staging was 8% (17) stage I, 54% (112) stage II, 35% (73) stage III. Nearly all, 98% (199), were HIV-infected with median nadir CD4 190 cells/μL (IQR: 208). Among HIV-infected patients, 68% (109) were not on ART at time of KS diagnosis and 26% (42) were diagnosed within first six months of ART. Of those not yet on ART, 72% (47) of men and 28% (18) of women had CD4 <250 cells/μL, p=.0004. Few cases, 6 (10%), developed in patients on ART for >6 months. Patients not on ART were referred to start. 71% (146) received chemotherapy and 7% (15) required radiation. After median follow-up 19 months, 21% (43) patients had died. Estimated 3-year OS was 76% (95% CI: 69-82%). Gender, ART duration, disease extent, and stage did not significantly predict survival. Conclusions: With high population ART coverage, KS development among individuals with CD4<250 cells/μL accounts for majority of cases referred for oncologic treatment. ART delay, particularly among men, also contributed to persistent KS burden. Overall survival with KS in Botswana is similar to US and Europe. Initiation of ART at higher CD4 thresholds is needed to control the KS epidemic. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Shekinah N. Elmore No relationship to disclose Elizabeth S. Bigger No relationship to disclose Mukendi K.A. Kayembe No relationship to disclose Zola Musimar No relationship to disclose Gita Suneja No relationship to disclose Jason A. Efstathiou Honoraria: Medivation/Astellas, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Consulting or Advisory Role: Medivation/Astellas, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Scott Dryden-Peterson Patents, Royalties, Other Intellectual Property: UpToDate
A Prospective Study on Breast Cancer in Surgical Department of Port Moresby General Hospital, a Tertiary Care Hospital in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Waine Arnold , Keith Pristley , Waine Solah A. , Taufa Shalon , John Lucy Ninmogo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract 22 Breast cancer is increasing at an alarming rate amongst young women in developing countries. In Papua New Guinea, the incidence of breast cancer is the second highest after cervical cancer and is the top five cause of mortality due to cancer. A prospective audit was done to assess the changing trend of women who presents with breast lumps to the surgical clinic at the only tertiary (level 7) hospital in Papua New Guinea. The number of breast cancer has been shown to increase at a rate of 60% per year over the last eight (8) years. Infections, ulcers and benign breast lumps can mimic breast cancer on clinical presentation. However, more than half (about 59%) of breast cancers patients presents initially to the surgical clinic with breast lumps, and the commonest histological diagnosis is lobular carcinoma. Despite improvement in surgical care, most patients' outcomes are poor and often high mortality. The late clinical presentation, poor oncology and supporting care, high rate of treatment failures and defaulters are major causes of poor outcom es. There is a greater need for effective and efficient management of breast cancer patient at the tertiary health care centre in Papua New Guinea. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No COIs from the authors.
International Society of Paediatric Oncology Nurses Working Group: Supporting and Learning From Colleagues in Limited-Resource Countries
Authors: Abramovitz Linda Z. , Punjwani Rehana , Challinor Julia 
Published: July 2016

Abstract 44 Purpose: Globally, nurses caring for children and adolescents with cancer work in diverse practice settings. Nurses in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are challenged by the limited scope of their professional practice, resources and education. Opportunities for education, networking and professional growth inspire and empower nurses to improve the care of patients and families. Nurses are key members of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP), which provides ongoing professional development. In 2010, the SIOP Pediatric Oncology in Developing Countries Committee's Nursing Working Group was formed to support and learn from nurses working in LMIC. Methods: Utilizing the Cure4Kids website from St Jude, the group holds monthly business and educational meetings and continues to network and collaborate on numerous projects. PODC Nursing Working Group recently published baseline standards for pediatric oncology nursing care in LMIC. A survey will now assess the implementation of baseline standards. LMIC nurses are being mentored to write abstracts and grants to increase global recognition of their work. In addition, an education repository of teaching materials is being established. Summary: The PODC Nursing Working Group and project groups are well established and achieving project deadlines. Educational programs including topics on abandonment, nursing in LMIC and abstracts have been well received by both nurses and physicians from LMIC and HIC. Challenges have included internet connectivity and scheduling meetings during daylight hours across the multiple time zones. Following the launch of monthly meetings in late 2015, our membership has increased by 20% from 61 to 76 members from 29 countries. Conclusions: The SIOP PODC Nursing Group has created a sustainable nursing community and continues to work collaboratively beyond the annual conference. The compassion and commitment to support patients and their families by providing the best care possible is the common thread for pediatric oncology nurses. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No COIs from the authors.
Profile of Paediatric Malignancies in Yangon Children Hospital: A Three Year Study
Authors: Mon Ssu Wynn , Khaing Aye Aye , Win Han , Hnin Tint Myo , Thu Ye Myat , Thwin Theingi , Thant Kyaw Zin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract 13 Although paediatric malignancy is one of the major health threats worldwide and its incidence is on rise, little is known about its epidemiology. In Myanmar also, reports on the pattern of childhood cancer are very few. Reliable paediatric cancer data are essential for assessing the magnitude of this problem and for qualified paediatric cancer care. This study aimed to describe the relative frequencies of various paediatric malignancies in Yangon Children Hospital (YCH) according to age and sex. This hospital based retrospective study covered all children aged 0 to 14 years with confirmed malignancies using 3 years hospital records of Haematology-Oncology Unit, from January 2012 to December 2014. Total 609 patients were diagnosed as cancer during study period. Among them, 379 cases (62.2%) were haematological malignancies and 230 cases (37.8%) were solid tumours. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (27.5%), Acute myeloblastic leukemia (14.3%), Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (14%) and Retinoblastoma (9.7%) were four most common childhood malignancies. Wilm's tumour (6.8%), Neuroblastoma (6.7%), Germ cell tumour (4.1%) and Rhabdomyosarcoma (3.6%) were also common. Less common were brain tumours (2.1%), Hodgkin's lymphoma (1.5%) and Burkitt's lymphoma (1.0%). Prevalence was higher in boys (58.6%) than girls (41.4%) with male to female ratio 1.5:1. About half (50.9%) of the patients were younger than 5 years and prevalence was less in more than 10 years age group (15.7%). As the data were collected from hospital, findings from this study might not be the representation of our national statistics. But as Haematology-Oncology unit, YCH is one of the two paediatric oncology centers in Myanmar and patients from most regions attend this hospital for specialist care, these findings could reflect the burden of paediatric malignancy in our country. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No COIs from the authors.
A Step Toward Balance: Thrombin Generation Improvement via Procoagulant Factor and Antithrombin Supplementation
Authors: Mitrophanov Alexander Y. , Szlam Fania , Sniecinski Roman M. , Levy Jerrold H. , Reifman Jaques 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND:The use of prothrombin complex concentrates in trauma- and surgery-induced coagulopathy is complicated by the possibility of thromboembolic events. To explore the effects of these agents on thrombin generation (TG), we investigated combinations of coagulation factors equivalent to 3- and 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrates with and without added antithrombin (AT), as well as recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa), in a dilutional model. These data were then used to develop a computational model to test whether such a model could predict the TG profiles of these agents used to treat dilutional coagulopathy.METHODS:We measured TG in plasma collected from 10 healthy volunteers using Calibrated Automated Thrombogram. TG measurements were performed in undiluted plasma, 3-fold saline-diluted plasma, and diluted plasma supplemented with the following factors: rFVIIa (group rFVIIa); factors (F)II, FIX, FX, and AT (group “combination of coagulation factors” [CCF]-AT); or FII, FVII, FIX, and FX (group CCF-FVII). We extended an existing computational model of TG to include additional reactions that impact the Calibrated Automated Thrombogram readout. We developed and applied a computational strategy to train the model using only a subset of the obtained TG data and used the remaining data for model validation.RESULTS:rFVIIa decreased lag time and the time to thrombin peak generation beyond their predilution levels (P< 0.001) but did not restore normal thrombin peak height (P< 0.001). CCF-FVII supplementation decreased lag time (P= 0.034) and thrombin peak time (P< 0.001) and increased both peak height (P< 0.001) and endogenous thrombin potential (P= 0.055) beyond their predilution levels. CCF-AT supplementation in diluted plasma resulted in an improvement in TG without causing the exaggerated effects of rFVIIa and CCF-FVII supplementation. The differences between the effects of CCF-AT and supplementation with rFVIIa and CCF-FVII were significant for lag time (P< 0.001 andP= 0.005, respectively), time to thrombin peak (P< 0.001 andP= 0.004, respectively), velocity index (P< 0.001 andP= 0.019, respectively), thrombin peak height (P< 0.001 for both comparisons), and endogenous thrombin potential (P= 0.034 andP= 0.019, respectively). The computational model generated subject-specific predictions and identified typical patterns of TG improvement.CONCLUSIONS:In this study of the effects of hemodilution, CCF-AT supplementation improved the dilution-impaired plasma TG potential in a more balanced way than either rFVIIa alone or CCF-FVII supplementation. Predictive computational modeling can guide plasma dilution/supplementation experiments.
Older people’s motivations for participating in community singing in Australia
Authors: Lee Juyoung , Davidson Jane W. , Krause Amanda E. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The aim of this project was to investigate the motivations of older people who regularly attend community singing groups in Australia. Four focus group interviews were conducted with 64 participants belonging to three community singing groups. Participants explained their motivation to attend and sing with others in the groups. A total of eight motivating factors were identified via an inductive thematic analysis, including (1) the importance of singing in my life; (2) enormous pleasure of singing with little pressure; (3) challenge and achievement; (4) spiritual and uplifting emotions; (5) strength in overcoming my age, disease and hardship; (6) good leadership; (7) fellowship with others; and (8) purpose and meaning of group singing. The themes were discussed from various perspectives including positive psychology and the PERMA well-being model. The findings suggest that the older participants seem to experience different motivation factors while at different stages of their engagement in the groups.
Encouraging ‘Dependence’ in adult concert band settings
Authors: Rohwer Debbie 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Debbie Rohwer started the Denton New Horizons Band in 1998 and over the years she has reflected on adult music education, and also completed research studies about which instructional techniques might work best for adult learners. The following article is a description of some of the techniques that have worked well in her setting, and the ideas are presented with the hope that directors can envision new, contextual, beneficial techniques to use in their own community settings.
Aquaporins in ovine amnion: responses to altered amniotic fluid volumes and intramembranous absorption rates
Authors: Cheung Cecilia Y. , Anderson Debra F. , Brace Robert A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channel proteins that facilitate rapid water movement across cell membranes. In amniotic membrane, the AQP‐facilitated transfer of water across amnion cells has been proposed as a mechanism for amniotic fluid volume (AFV) regulation. To investigate whether AQPs modulate AFV by altering intramembranous absorption (IMA) rate, we tested the hypothesis that AQP gene expression in the amnion is positively correlated with IMA rate during experimental conditions when IMA rate and AFV are modified over a wide range. The relative abundances of AQP1, AQP3, AQP8, AQP9, and AQP11 mRNA and protein were determined in the amnion of 16 late‐gestation ovine fetuses subjected to 2 days of control conditions, urine drainage, urine replacement, or intraamniotic fluid infusion. AQP mRNA levels were determined by RT‐qPCR and proteins by western immunoblot. Under control conditions, mRNA levels among the five AQPs differed more than 20‐fold. During experimental treatments, mean IMA rate in the experimental groups ranged from 100 ± 120 mL/day to 1370 ± 270 mL/day. The mRNA levels of the five AQPs did not change from control and were not correlated with IMA rates. The protein levels of AQP1 were positively correlated with IMA rates (r2 = 38%, P = 0.01) while the remaining four AQPs were not. These findings demonstrate that five AQPs are differentially expressed in ovine amnion. Our study supports the hypothesis that AQP1 may play a positive role in regulating the rate of fluid transfer across the amnion, thereby participating in the dynamic regulation of AFV.
The Influence of Training Age on the Annual Development of Physical Qualities Within Academy Rugby League Players
Authors: Till Kevin , Darrall-Jones Joshua , Weakley Jonathon J. , Roe Greg A. , Jones Ben L. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Till, K, Darrall-Jones, J, Weakley, JJ, Roe, GA, and Jones, BL. The influence of training age on the annual development of physical qualities within academy rugby league players. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2110–2118, 2017—Previous research in academy rugby league players has evaluated the development of physical qualities according to chronological age. However, no study has considered the training age, defined as the number of formalized years of strength and conditioning training, of these players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present and compare the annual changes in physical qualities of academy rugby league players according to training age. Sixty-one academy players undertook a fitness testing assessment, including anthropometric (height, body mass, sum of 4 skinfolds) and physical (10 and 20 m sprint, 10m momentum, vertical jump, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 [Yo-Yo IRTL1], one-repetition maximum [1RM] squat, bench press and prone row) measures at the start of preseason on 2 consecutive annual occasions. Players were categorized into one of 3 training age groups (i.e., 0, 1, or 2 years) and were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences. Almost certain, very likely or likely annual improvements were identified for body mass, 10m momentum, Yo-Yo IRTL1, vertical jump, and all strength measures for the 3 training age groups. When training age groups were compared, 1 year showed possibly or likely lower strength increases than 0 years training age. However, the 2 years training age group demonstrated possibly or likely increased strength changes compared with 1 year. These findings suggest that training age is an important consideration for strength and conditioning practitioners but it is likely to be a combination of chronological age, biological maturity, and training experience alongside dynamic interplayer variability that influences the physical development of academy rugby league players.
Detecting Heterogeneity in Population Structure Across the Genome in Admixed Populations
Authors: McHugh Caitlin , Brown Lisa , Thornton Timothy A 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe genetic structure of human populations is often characterized by aggregating measures of ancestry across the autosomal chromosomes. While it may be reasonable to assume that population structure patterns are similar genome-wide in relatively homogeneous populations, this assumption may not be appropriate for admixed populations, such as Hispanics and African-Americans, with recent ancestry from two or more continents. Recent studies have suggested that systematic ancestry differences can arise at genomic locations in admixed populations as a result of selection and nonrandom mating. Here, we propose a method, which we refer to as the chromosomal ancestry differences (CAnD) test, for detecting heterogeneity in population structure across the genome. CAnD can incorporate either local or chromosome-wide ancestry inferred from SNP genotype data to identify chromosomes harboring genomic regions with ancestry contributions that are significantly different than expected. In simulation studies with real genotype data from phase III of the HapMap Project, we demonstrate the validity and power of CAnD. We apply CAnD to the HapMap Mexican-American (MXL) and African-American (ASW) population samples; in this analysis the software RFMix is used to infer local ancestry at genomic regions, assuming admixing from Europeans, West Africans, and Native Americans. The CAnD test provides strong evidence of heterogeneity in population structure across the genome in the MXL sample (p=1e−5), which is largely driven by elevated Native American ancestry and deficit of European ancestry on the X chromosomes. Among the ASW, all chromosomes are largely African derived and no heterogeneity in population structure is detected in this sample.
Numerical Study of a Turbulent Single-Stage Axial Flow
Authors: Majid Almas  
Published: July 2016

This paper studies the flow in an axial fan with a rotor in front and stators (vanes) in the rear. This configuration is typical of a single-stage axial flow turbo machine. The standard Â model with enhanced wall treatment. Interaction between these components is determined considering the rotor and stator together in a single calculation. Numerical calculations have been performed to investigate the effects of different angular velocities on pressure contours, mass flow rates and total pressure and the results have been shown and discussed through figures. The results show that the increase of angular velocity has a significant effect on the governing physical parameters.
Paroxetine Treatment of Problematic Pornography Use: A Case Series
Authors: Gola Mateusz , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: July 2016

Background
How best to conceptualize problematic pornography use (PPU) and intervene most effectively remain debated, with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and addiction frameworks. We investigated the efficacy of the serotonin-reuptake inhibitor paroxetine in combination with cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of problematic pornography use (PPU).

Case presentation
Three heterosexual males with PPU were treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy and paroxetine. Frequency of pornography use, other sexual behaviors, and anxiety were assessed during treatment.

Discussion
Paroxetine treatment, although seemingly initially effective in reducing pornography use and anxiety, appeared related to new compulsive sexual behaviors after 3 months.

Conclusions
Paroxetine may hold promise for short-term reduction of PPU and related anxiety, but new potentially distressing sexual behaviors may emerge. The cases suggest that PPU may arise from multiple domains. We propose an explanation of the effects based on recent neuroscientific research on sexual behaviors and alcohol use.
Reliability of the SWAG—The Standardized Way to Assess Grafts Method for Alveolar Bone Grafting in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Russell Kathleen , Long Ross E. , Daskalogiannakis John , Mercado Ana , Hathaway Ronald , Semb Gunvor , Shaw William 
Published: July 2016

Objective The objective of this study was to test a new method, a Standardized Way to Assess Grafts (SWAG), to rate alveolar bone graft (ABG) outcomes for patients with cleft lip and palate. Design This was a retrospective comparison using the SWAG scale. Setting This study took place in four cleft palate centers with different treatment protocols. Methods A total of 160 maxillary occlusal radiographs taken 3 to 18 months post-ABG for sequentially treated patients with cleft lip and palate were assessed using the SWAG scale. Radiographs were scanned, standardized, blinded, and rated by 6 calibrated orthodontists to assess vertical thirds, bony root coverage, and complete bony fill. All radiographs were rated twice, 24 hours apart, by the same raters. Main Outcomes Intra- and interrater reliabilities were assessed. Results Intrarater reliability was good to very good (.760; .652–.834), and interrater reliability was moderate to good (.606; .569–.681), comparable to previously published methods. Conclusions Rater reliabilities were shown to be comparable to or better than existing methods. The SWAG method was validated for ABG assessments in the mixed and permanent dentitions based on reliabilities in an intercenter outcome comparison.