bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objectively-Verified Parental Non-Hip Major Osteoporotic Fractures and Offspring Osteoporotic Fracture Risk: A Population-Based Familial Linkage Study
Authors: Yang Shuman , Leslie William D , Walld Randy , Roos Leslie L , Morin Suzanne N , Majumdar Sumit R , Lix Lisa M 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Parental hip fracture (HF) is associated with increased risk of offspring major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs; comprising hip, forearm, clinical spine or humerus fracture). Whether other sites of parental fracture should be used for fracture risk assessment is uncertain. The current study tested the association between objectively-verified parental non-hip MOF and offspring incident MOF. Using population-based administrative healthcare data for the province of Manitoba, Canada, we identified 255,512 offspring with linkage to at least one parent (238,054 mothers and 209,423 fathers). Parental non-hip MOF (1984–2014) and offspring MOF (1997–2014) were ascertained with validated case definitions. Time-dependent multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). During a median of 12 years of offspring follow-up, we identified 7045 incident MOF among offspring (3.7% and 2.5% for offspring with and without a parental non-hip MOF, p &lt; 0.001). Maternal non-hip MOF (HR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.35), paternal non-hip MOF (HR 1.33; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.48), and any parental non-hip MOF (HR 1.28; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.36) were significantly associated with offspring MOF after adjusting for covariates. The risk of MOF was even greater for offspring with both maternal and paternal non-hip MOF (adjusted HR 1.61; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.02). All HRs were similar for male and female offspring (all pinteraction &gt;0.1). Risks associated with parental HF only (adjusted HR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.40) and non-hip MOF only (adjusted HR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.34) were the same. The strength of association between any parental non-hip MOF and offspring MOF decreased with older parental age at non-hip MOF (ptrend = 0.028). In summary, parental non-hip MOF confers an increased risk for offspring MOF, but the strength of the relationship decreases with older parental age at fracture. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.AbstractThe current study tested the effect of parental major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) on offspring MOF risk in 238,054 mothers, fathers 209,423 and 255,512 offspring using population-based administrative data linkage. There was an independent association between parental non-hip MOF and offspring MOF, but this relationship decreased with older parental age at the first fracture. Risks associated with parental hip and non-hip MOF were the same. We also demonstrated dose-response in terms of the number of parents with non-hip MOF, number of parental MOF, and presence of both parental hip and non-hip MOF in combination.
Histone H4 Methyltransferase Suv420h2 Maintains Fidelity of Osteoblast Differentiation
Authors: Khani Farzaneh , Thaler Roman , Paradise Christopher R. , Deyle David R. , Kruijthof‐de Julio Marianne , Galindo Mario , Gordon Jonathan A. , Stein Gary S. , Dudakovic Amel , van Wijnen Andre J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTOsteogenic lineage commitment and progression is controlled by multiple signaling pathways (e.g., WNT, BMP, FGF) that converge on bone‐related transcription factors. Access of osteogenic transcription factors to chromatin is controlled by epigenetic regulators that generate post‐translational modifications of histones (“histone code”), as well as read, edit and/or erase these modifications. Our understanding of the biological role of epigenetic regulators in osteoblast differentiation remains limited. Therefore, we performed next‐generation RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and established which chromatin‐related proteins are robustly expressed in mouse bone tissues (e.g., fracture callus, calvarial bone). These studies also revealed that cells with increased osteogenic potential have higher levels of the H4K20 methyl transferase Suv420h2 compared to other methyl transferases (e.g., Suv39h1, Suv39h2, Suv420h1, Ezh1, Ezh2). We find that all six epigenetic regulators are transiently expressed at different stages of osteoblast differentiation in culture, with maximal mRNAs levels of Suv39h1 and Suv39h2 (at day 3) preceding maximal expression of Suv420h1 and Suv420h2 (at day 7) and developmental stages that reflect, respectively, early and later collagen matrix deposition. Loss of function analysis of Suv420h2 by siRNA depletion shows loss of H4K20 methylation and decreased expression of bone biomarkers (e.g., alkaline phosphatase/Alpl) and osteogenic transcription factors (e.g., Sp7/Osterix). Furthermore, Suv420h2 is required for matrix mineralization during osteoblast differentiation. We conclude that Suv420h2 controls the H4K20 methylome of osteoblasts and is critical for normal progression of osteoblastogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1262–1272, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interleukin‐3 Prevents Cellular Death Induced by Oxidative Stress in HEK293 Cells
Authors: López Camila , Zamorano Patricia , Teuber Stefanie , Salas Mónica , Otth Carola , Hidalgo María A. , Concha Ilona , Zambrano Angara 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTInterleukin‐3 (IL‐3) is a well‐characterized growth factor in hematopoietic cells, but it is also expressed in other cell types with poorly described functions. Many studies have provided evidence that IL‐3 plays an important role in cell survival. We have previously shown that IL‐3 is able to increase glucose uptake in HEK293 cells, suggesting that this factor requires sustained glucose metabolism to promote cell survival. In this study, we demonstrate that IL‐3 contributes to cell survival under oxidative stress, a prominent feature in the pathophysiology of cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in the aging process. Our results suggest a molecular mechanism that involves signaling pathways mediated by PI‐3k/Akt and Erk. Altogether, these findings show an important role for IL‐3 in supporting the viability of non‐hematopoietic systems. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1330–1340, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thorns and dermal denticles of skates Atlantoraja cyclophora and A. castelnaui: Microscopic features and functional implications
Authors: Rangel Bianca de Sousa , Wosnick Natascha , Magdanelo Leandro Rafael , Amorim Alberto Ferreira de , Kfoury Junior José Roberto , Rici Rose Eli Grassi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSome batoid species are covered with dermal denticles (or placoid scales) that occasionally develop into thorns. In sexually mature males, sharp teeth and alar thorns found on the apex of the lateral disc are used to hold the female during copulation. This study set out to analyze microscopic features of modified dermal denticles and thorns and to investigate sexual dimorphism in Atlantoraja cyclophora and A. castelnaui species. Skin samples collected from areas covered with thorns were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, processed and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Alar thorn morphology varied within species, while caudal thorn, rostral and caudal dermal denticle morphology varied within and between species. These structures play an important role in the protection and reproduction of the species studied and constitute important taxonomic information, given they are often the only elements preserved in archaeological sites and fossil records.
Characterization and Evolution of the Spotted Gar Retina
Authors: Sukeena Joshua M. , Galicia Carlos A. , Wilson Jacob D. , McGinn Tim , Boughman Janette W. , Robison Barrie D. , Postlethwait John H. , Braasch Ingo , Stenkamp Deborah L. , Fuerst Peter G. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, we characterize the retina of the spotted gar, Lepisosteus oculatus, a ray‐finned fish. Gar did not undergo the whole genome duplication event that occurred at the base of the teleost fish lineage, which includes the model species zebrafish and medaka. The divergence of gars from the teleost lineage and the availability of a high‐quality genome sequence make it a uniquely useful species to understand how genome duplication sculpted features of the teleost visual system, including photoreceptor diversity. We developed reagents to characterize the cellular organization of the spotted gar retina, including representative markers for all major classes of retinal neurons and Müller glia. We report that the gar has a preponderance of predicted short‐wavelength shifted (SWS) opsin genes, including a duplicated set of SWS1 (ultraviolet) sensitive opsin encoding genes, a SWS2 (blue) opsin encoding gene, and two rod opsin encoding genes, all of which were expressed in retinal photoreceptors. We also report that gar SWS1 cones lack the geometric organization of photoreceptors observed in teleost fish species, consistent with the crystalline photoreceptor mosaic being a teleost innovation. Of note the spotted gar expresses both exo‐rhodopsin (RH1‐1) and rhodopsin (RH1‐2) in rods. Exo‐rhodopsin is an opsin that is not expressed in the retina of zebrafish and other teleosts, but rather is expressed in regions of the brain. This study suggests that exo‐rhodopsin is an ancestral actinopterygian (ray finned fish) retinal opsin, and in teleosts its expression has possibly been subfunctionalized to the pineal gland.
Non‐destructive analysis of sensory traits of dry‐cured loins by MRI–computer vision techniques and data mining
Authors: Caballero Daniel , Antequera Teresa , Caro Andrés , Ávila María del Mar , G Rodríguez Pablo , Perez‐Palacios Trinidad 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with computer vision techniques have been proposed as an alternative or complementary technique to determine the quality parameters of food in a non‐destructive way. The aim of this work was to analyze the sensory attributes of dry‐cured loins using this technique. For that, different MRI acquisition sequences (spin echo, gradient echo and turbo 3D), algorithms for MRI analysis (GLCM, NGLDM, GLRLM and GLCM‐NGLDM‐GLRLM) and predictive data mining techniques (multiple linear regression and isotonic regression) were tested.RESULTSThe correlation coefficient (R) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used to validate the prediction results. The combination of spin echo, GLCM and isotonic regression produced the most accurate results. In addition, the MRI data from dry‐cured loins seems to be more suitable than the data from fresh loins.CONCLUSIONSThe application of predictive data mining techniques on computational texture features from the MRI data of loins enables the determination of the sensory traits of dry‐cured loins in a non‐destructive way. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of Sleep Disturbance on Global Functioning After Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment
Authors: Brownlow Janeese A. , McLean Carmen P. , Gehrman Philip R. , Harb Gerlinde C. , Ross Richard J. , Foa Edna B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChronic insomnia and recurrent nightmares are prominent features of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Evidence from adult research indicates that these sleep disturbances do not respond as well to cognitive–behavioral therapies for PTSD and are associated with poorer functional outcomes. This study examined the effect of prolonged exposure therapy for adolescents versus client‐centered therapy on posttraumatic sleep disturbance, and the extent to which sleep symptoms impacted global functioning among adolescents with sexual abuse‐related PTSD. Participants included 61 adolescent girls seeking treatment at a rape crisis center. The Child PTSD Symptom Scale‐Interview (Foa, Johnson, Feeny, & Treadwell, 2001) was used to assess PTSD diagnosis and severity of symptoms, including insomnia and nightmares. The Children's Global Assessment Scale (Shaffer et al., 1983) was used to assess global functioning. There were significant main effects of time and treatment on insomnia symptoms. Additionally, there was a main effect of time on nightmares. Results also showed that insomnia and nightmares significantly predicted poorer global functioning posttreatment (R2 = .21). Despite significant improvements in posttraumatic sleep disturbance, there were still clinically significant insomnia symptoms after treatment, suggesting that additional interventions may be warranted to address residual sleep disturbance in PTSD.
Atmospheric Chemistry of CH3CH2OCH3: Kinetics and Mechanism of Reactions with Cl Atoms and OH Radicals
Authors: Sulbaek Andersen Mads P. , Svendsen Sissel Bjørn , Østerstrøm Freja From , Nielsen Ole John 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe atmospheric chemistry of methyl ethyl ether, CH3CH2OCH3, was examined using FT‐IR/relative‐rate methods. Hydroxyl radical and chlorine atom rate coefficients ofk(CH3CH2OCH3+OH) = (7.53 ± 2.86) × 10−12cm3molecule−1s−1andk(CH3CH2OCH3+Cl) = (2.35 ± 0.43) × 10−10cm3molecule−1s−1were determined (297 ± 2 K). The Cl rate coefficient determined here is 30% lower than the previous literature value. The atmospheric lifetime for CH3CH2OCH3is approximately 2 days. The chlorine atom–initiated oxidation of CH3CH2OCH3gives CH3C(O)H (9 ± 2%), CH3CH2OC(O)H (29 ± 7%), CH3OC(O)H (19 ± 7%), and CH3C(O)OCH3(17 ± 7%). The IR absorption cross section for CH3CH2OCH3is (7.97 ± 0.40) × 10−17cm molecule−1(1000–3100 cm−1). CH3CH2OCH3has a negligible impact on the radiative forcing of climate.
Decadal Nitrogen Fertilization Decreases Mineral‐Associated and Subsoil Carbon: A 32‐Year Study
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Kuzyakov Yakov , Maqsood Shafique , Wendland Matthias , Heitkamp Felix 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCrop residues and manure are important sources of carbon (C) for soil organic matter (SOM) formation. Crop residue return increases by nitrogen (N) fertilization because of higher plant productivity, but this often results only in minor increases of SOM. In our study, we show how N fertilization and organic C additions affected SOM and its fractions within a 32‐year‐long field‐experiment at Puch, Germany. Five organic additions, no‐addition (control), manure, slurry, straw and straw + slurry, were combined with three mineral N fertilization rates (no, medium and high fertilization), which resulted in 1·17–4·86 Mg C‐input ha‐1 y‐1. Topsoil (0–25 cm) SOM content increased with N fertilization, mainly because of the C in free light fraction (f‐LF). In contrast, subsoil (25–60 cm) SOM decreased with N fertilization, probably because of roots' relocation in Ap horizon with N fertilization at the surface. Despite high inputs, straw contributed little to f‐LF but prevented C losses from the mineral‐associated SOM fraction (ρ > 1·6 g cm‐3) with N fertilization, which was observed without straw addition. Above (straw) and belowground (roots) residues had opposite effects on SOM fractions. Root C retained longer in the light‐fractions and was responsible for SOM increase with N fertilization. Straw decomposed rapidly (from f‐LF) and fueled the mineral‐associated SOM fraction. We conclude that SOM content and composition depended not only on residue quantity, which can be managed by the additions and N fertilization, but also on the quality of organics. This should be considered for maintaining the SOM level, C sequestration, and soil fertility. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Stretchable, Mechanically Strong, Tough, and Self‐Recoverable Nanocomposite Hydrogels by Introducing Strong Ionic Coordination Interactions
Authors: Hu Yang , Han Wenfang , Huang Guanhua , Zhou Wuyi , Yang Zhuohong , Wang Chaoyang 
Published: November 2016

In this study, the authors report a novel class of super tough nanocomposite hydrogels with physically dual‐crosslinking effects (DC hydrogels) through introducing strong ionic coordination interactions. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and iron (Fe3+) ions act as physical cross‐linkers. GO nanosheets trigger the formation of the first cross‐linking points through hydrogen bonding with poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) (p(AAm‐co‐AAc)) chains, while the second cross‐linking points are formed by strong ionic coordination interactions between Fe3+ ions and COO− groups of p(AAm‐co‐AAc) chains. The optimal tough DC hydrogel displays superstretchability (≈20.8 times), remarkable tensile strength (≈3.7 MPa), high toughness (≈48.71 MJ m−3), good self‐recovery property (≈84.1% toughness recovery within 4 h without any external stimuli) and fatigue resistance. In summary, this study opens up a new avenue to design and fabricate highly tough hydrogels with outstanding comprehensive properties by the synergistic effects of nanocomposite and dual‐crosslinked hydrogels.
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Synthesis of Novel Cyclic Olefin Polymer with High Glass Transition Temperature via Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Cui Jing , Yang Ji‐Xing , Pan Li , Li Yue‐Sheng 
Published: November 2016

Three norbornene derivatives containing bulky hydrocarbon groups (M1–M3) have been prepared and polymerized efficiently via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using different Grubbs catalysts (G1–G3) to afford polymers in high yield. Gel permeation chromatography curves show that all the obtained polymers exhibit unimodal distribution. Unsaturated moieties in the main chain of the obtained polymers are hydrogenated based on the chemistry of the reactive intermediate diimide (HNNH) in quantitative conversion, confirmed by 1H NMR measurement. All the polymers display relatively high thermal stability according to thermogravimetric analyses test. The results of differential scanning calorimetry measurement show that the cardo‐like structure such as M2 and M3 is contributed to improve the Tg of cyclicolefin polymer materials. The highest Tg (up to 277 °C) of hydrogenated polymer H‐PM3 is achieved, which is so far the highest value obtained by the ROMP approach, to the best of our knowledge. Furthermore, all the hydrogenated polymers show excellent transparency because of their amorphous structure.
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Excellent Control of Perylene Diimide End Group in Polyfluorene via Suzuki Catalyst Transfer Polymerization
Authors: Sun Huiliang , Zhang Shuren , Yang Yike , Li Xiao , Zhan Hongmei , Cheng Yanxiang 
Published: November 2016

Six aryl Pd(II) bromide complexes based on perylene diimide derivative (Ar) and phosphine mixed‐ligands are successfully synthesized by directly oxidative addition of Ar–Br to the Pd(0) precursor. These complexes with the general formulas ArPdBr(PCy3)2 (PCy3 = tricyclohexylphosphine; Pd1–Pd3) and [ArPdBr(TXP‐2,4)]2 (TXP‐2,4 = tri‐2,4‐xylylphosphine; Pd4–Pd6) are stable and can be handled in air at room temperature. By employing the Pd(II) complexes as initiators, Suzuki catalyst transfer polymerization (SCTP) of AB‐type fluorene monomer is investigated for preparing polyfluorenes (PFs) with the defined end group. Complexes Pd4–Pd6 with auxiliary TXP‐2,4 ligand can initiate polymerization of AB‐type fluorene monomer at room temperature, while higher polymerization temperature is required for Pd1–Pd3 with alkyl phosphine PCy3. The obtained polymers are analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, which confirms that the Ar group is appended to the terminus of the polymer chain. Moreover, PFs prepared by Pd4–Pd6‐catalyzed SCTP bear precisely the Ar group on one chain end and 4‐tert‐butylphenyl end‐capping group on the opposite end, which indicates that Pd4–Pd6 with the bulky TXP‐2,4 exhibit better catalytic performance in SCTP. Photoluminescence spectra of the obtained polymers show a dual or a blue emission resulting from the difference of the molecular weight.
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Interaction between laminate quality, drilling‐induced delamination and mechanical properties in machining of carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP)
Authors: Haeger A. , Meinhard D. , Lissek F. , Kaufeld M. , Hoffmann M. J. , Schneider G. , Knoblauch V. 
Published: November 2016

In the presented study, the effect of the microstructural quality of carbon fibre reinforced plastic laminates on their machinability is investigated. Additionally, the impact of processing induced porosity and the effect of machining caused delamination on the static strength of the carbon fibre reinforced plastic laminates is examined under variable mechanical loading conditions such as bending, shearing, bearing or tension. Therefore, carbon fibre reinforced plastic laminates based on the advanced carbon/epoxy prepreg T800S/M21 manufactured by Hexcel were cured in two different ways leading to obvious differences in the corresponding microstructural quality. Drilled test specimens with a wide range of typical delamination around the hole have been gained from wear studies of carbide tools. The delamination was quantitatively determined by means of optical inspection techniques. Afterwards, the influence of the loading situation as well as the effect of the laminate orientation on the mechanical strength of the laminates was investigated.The microstructural quality of the carbon fibre reinforced plastic laminates was found to have an obvious influence on matrix dominated mechanical properties such as the apparent interlaminar shear strength. Furthermore, it significantly influences the machinability of the laminate – the porous carbon fibre reinforced plastic tends much more to delaminate than the compact one.In general, the influence of both, porosity and delamination, on static strength strongly depends on the mechanical loading situation. No recognisable effect can be detected for fibre dominated properties like tensile strength. However, for example in bending tests carbon fibre reinforced plastic laminates typically fail due to delamination on the compressive side of the specimen. Under such loading situations the described defects significantly reduce the strength. The reduction in flexural strength after machining is more severe if longitudinally oriented fibres are delaminated at the surface. On the other hand, transversal oriented top plies, which do not significantly contribute to the strength of the laminate, are not as critical as the corresponding longitudinal ones. Thus, it can be concluded that the machining caused defect sensitivity of carbon fibre reinforced plastic laminates strongly depends on their lay‐up and the loading situation.
Prospective study of the dietary inflammatory index and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women
Authors: Shivappa Nitin , Blair Cindy K. , Prizment Anna E. , Jacobs David R. , Hébert James R. 
Published: November 2016

ScopeDiet in relation to breast cancer etiology has been studied widely, but results have remained inconsistent. Various dietary components including fruits, vegetables, and meat have been implicated through their effects on inflammation. Using data from the Iowa Women's Health Study we examine prospectively the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and breast cancer incidence.Methods and resultsDII scores were computed based on baseline dietary intake assessed by a validated 121‐item food frequency questionnaire in a cohort of 34 700 women, aged 55–69 years at recruitment in 1986 and followed for incident breast cancer. During the 25‐year follow‐up period (1986–2011), 2910 incident breast cancer cases were identified. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found positive associations between DII scores and breast cancer risk (HR for DIItertiles: T3 vs T1 = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.22), with stronger associations in obese women (HR for DIIcontinuous: 1.05 per unit increase in DII; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.12; HR for DIItertiles: T3 vs T1 = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.66, p‐value for interaction = 0.02).ConclusionA proinflammatory diet, as indicated by higher DII scores, appears to increase the risk of developing breast cancer, especially in obese postmenopausal women.