bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Molecular Imaging Detects Myocardial Inflammatory Response in Autoimmune Myocarditis
Authors: Steinl David C. , Xu Lifen , Khanicheh Elham , Ellertsdottir Elin , Ochoa-Espinosa Amanda , Mitterhuber Martina , Glatz Katharina , Kuster Gabriela M. , Kaufmann Beat A. 
Published: August 2016

Background—
Cardiac tests for diagnosing myocarditis lack sensitivity or specificity. We hypothesized that contrast-enhanced ultrasound molecular imaging could detect myocardial inflammation and the recruitment of specific cellular subsets of the inflammatory response in murine myocarditis.

Methods and Results—

Microbubbles (MB) bearing antibodies targeting lymphocyte CD4 (MB
CD4
), endothelial P-selectin (MB
PSel
), or isotype control antibody (MB
Iso
) and MB with a negative electric charge for targeting of leukocytes (MB
Lc
) were prepared. Attachment of MB
CD4
was validated in vitro using murine spleen CD4+ T cells. Twenty-eight mice were studied after the induction of autoimmune myocarditis by immunization with α-myosin-peptide; 20 mice served as controls. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound molecular imaging of the heart was performed. Left ventricular function was assessed by conventional and deformation echocardiography, and myocarditis severity graded on histology. Animals were grouped into no myocarditis, moderate myocarditis, and severe myocarditis. In vitro, attachment of MB
CD4
to CD4+ T cells was significantly greater than of MB
Iso
. Of the left ventricular ejection fraction or strain and strain rate readouts, only longitudinal strain was significantly different from control animals in severe myocarditis. In contrast, contrast-enhanced ultrasound molecular imaging showed increased signals for all targeted MB versus MB
Iso
both in moderate and severe myocarditis, and MB
CD4
signal correlated with CD4+ T-lymphocyte infiltration in the myocardium.

Conclusions—
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound molecular imaging can detect endothelial inflammation and leukocyte infiltration in myocarditis in the absence of a detectable decline in left ventricular performance by functional imaging. In particular, imaging of CD4+ T cells involved in autoimmune responses could be helpful in diagnosing myocarditis.
Surgical Valvotomy Versus Balloon Valvuloplasty for Congenital Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hill Garick D. , Ginde Salil , Rios Rodrigo , Frommelt Peter C. , Hill Kevin D. 
Published: August 2016

Background

Optimal initial treatment for congenital aortic valve stenosis in children remains unclear between balloon aortic valvuloplasty (
BAV
) and surgical aortic valvotomy (
SAV
).

Methods and Results

We performed a contemporary systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare survival in children with congenital aortic valve stenosis. Secondary outcomes included frequency of at least moderate regurgitation at hospital discharge as well as rates of aortic valve replacement and reintervention. Single‐ and dual‐arm studies were identified by a search of PubMed (Medline), Embase, and the Cochrane database. Overall 2368 patients from 20 studies were included in the analysis, including 1835 (77%) in the
BAV
group and 533 (23%) in the
SAV
group. There was no difference between
SAV
and
BAV
in hospital mortality (
OR
=0.98, 95%
CI
0.5–2.0,
P
=0.27, I
2
=22%) or frequency of at least moderate aortic regurgitation at discharge (
OR
=0.58, 95%
CI
0.3–1.3,
P
=0.09, I
2
=54%). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no difference in long‐term survival or freedom from aortic valve replacement but significantly more reintervention in the
BAV
group (10‐year freedom from reintervention of 46% [95%
CI
40–52] for
BAV
versus 73% [95%
CI
68–77] for
SAV
,
P
<0.001). Results were unchanged in a sensitivity analysis restricted to infants (<1 year of age).

Conclusions

Although higher rates of reintervention suggest improved outcomes with
SAV
, indications for reintervention may vary depending on initial intervention. When considering the benefits of a less‐invasive approach, and clinical equipoise with respect to more clinically relevant outcomes, these findings support the need for a randomized controlled trial.
An Integrative Review of the Quality and Outcomes of Diabetes Education Programs for Children and Adolescents
Authors: Colson Sébastien , Côté José , Gentile Stéphanie , Hamel Valérie , Sapuppo Cédric , Ramirez-Garcia Pilar , Reynaud Rachel , Lagouanelle-Simeoni Marie-Claude 
Published: August 2016

Purpose The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to describe the content of recent diabetes education programs and their outcomes in terms of glycemic control, disease management, and psychosocial criteria for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and (2) to gauge the match between these programs and the recommendations of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD). Methods The integrative review was carried out according to the Cochrane recommendations. Thirteen databases were searched for evaluations of education programs published from 2009 to 2014. Program characteristics and outcomes were described. Quality of studies was assessed, and program match with ISPAD recommendations was gauged. Results Of 2528 studies found, 43 covering 36 education programs intended for youth with type 1 diabetes were retained for review. Nine of these centered on self-care competencies, 18 on psychosocial competencies, and 9 on both types of competency (mixed program). Programs varied widely in terms of organization, procedure, and content. Glycemic control was an indicator assessed in the majority of programs, but only half of these (for the most part, self-care programs) reported positive findings in this regard. Few programs seemed to affect psychosocial indicators. An online mixed program, which was the program that best met the ISPAD recommendations, proved to have an influence on glycemic control and several psychosocial criteria. Conclusions Various avenues can be considered to improve participant engagement in education programs and to align these programs more closely with international recommendations. Further research is required to enhance knowledge in this field.
Preclinical anaylses of [18F]cEFQ as a PET tracer for imaging metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1)
Authors: Lee Boeun , Kim Yu Kyeong , Lee Ji Youn , Kim Young Joo , Lee Yun-Sang , Lee Dong Soo , Chung June-Key , Jeong Jae Min 
Published: August 2016

Metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1) is related with various neurological and psychiatric diseases, such as anxiety, depression, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and neuropathic pain. Hence, mGluR1 is an important target for drug development and imaging. We synthesized [18F]cEFQ (3-ethyl-2-[18F]fluoroquinolin-6-yl cis-(4-methoxycyclohexyl)methanone) as a PET tracer for selective mGluR1 imaging and evaluated its properties in rodents. A chloroquinoline precursor was labeled by a nucleophilic substitution reaction, and the resulting [18F]cEFQ was obtained with high radiochemical purity (>99%) and specific activity (63-246 GBq/µmol). The log D value was 3.24, and the initial brain uptake at 10 min was over 4% of injected dose per gram in BALB/c mice. According to PET/CT and autoradiography in SD rats, [18F]cEFQ showed wide distribution in the whole brain and the highest uptake in the cerebellum. Pre-treatment with unlabeled cEFQ or the mGluR1-specific antagonist JNJ16259685 blocked the uptake of [18F]cEFQ. However, the uptake was not blocked by pre-treatment with the mGluR5-specific antagonist ABP688. The trans isomer [18F]tEFQ did not show high uptake in the mGluR1-rich region. [18F]cEFQ was straightforwardly prepared using a chloro-derivative precursor. Its feasibility as a specific and selective PET agent for imaging mGluR1 was proved by in vitro and in vivo experiments using rodents.
Pro-atherogenic mediators and subclinical atherogenesis are related to epicardial adipose tissue thickness in patients with cardiovascular risk
Authors: Peraza-Zaldívar Juan A , Suárez-Cuenca Juan A , Aceves-Millán Rocío , Ixcamparij-Rosales Carlos , Amezcua Lilia , Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca Rebeca , Guerrero-Celis Nuria , Melchor-López Alberto , Mondragón-Terán Paul , Alcaráz-Estrada Sofía L 
Published: August 2016

Objective To evaluate the relationship between pro-atherogenic biomarkers and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods Plasma nitric oxide (NO), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, EAT thickness, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) were determined in patients aged >18 years who were referred for echocardiography for heart ischemia or non-ischemic diseases. Cardiovascular risk factors (Framingham score [FS] ≥ 20) were weighted. Results Hypertension, dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus were prevalent (≥55% of 40 patients). Patients with FS ≥ 20 ( n = 21) showed significantly higher EAT and CIMT values. Globally, MDA, CIMT, age, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and FS were associated with EAT thickness. EAT was significantly associated with NO in patients with FS ≥ 20. Significant differences in EAT thickness were found between patients stratified by NO value, FMD, age, smoking status, dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and FS. An EAT-associated atherogenic risk (CIMT ≥ 1 mm) model was statistically significant when MDA and type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. Conclusion EAT thickness was associated with MDA, CIMT, age, waist circumference, HDL-C and FS globally, but with NO only in patients with FS≥20. EAT may be used to identify vascular damage stage, possibly influenced by MDA and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Shave to Save Face
Authors: Traboulsi Danya , Kurwa Habib 
Published: August 2016

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cutaneous malignancy. Terminal hair is not routinely removed for assessment of BCCs on the scalp and yet may obscure the true size of scalp BCCs. This can compromise effective management. Objective: To underscore the importance of removing terminal hair on the scalp for an accurate assessment of clinical margins of BCC on the scalp. Methods: We report 2 cases of cutaneous BCC arising on the scalp. The size of the malignancies was underestimated because they were masked by hair growth. Results: Removing terminal hair allowed for a full assessment of the extent of the tumours on hair-bearing scalp, which had been underestimated by 73% to 80% prior to shaving. Conclusion: Our cases highlight the importance of hair removal for complete assessment of cutaneous malignancy occurring on hair-bearing skin.
Developing a Tradition of Scholarship
Authors: Ellinger Andrea D. , Elliott Carole J. , McDonald Kimberly S. , Storberg-Walker Julia 
Published: August 2016

The Problem Research and theory are the lifeblood of academic disciplines along with the peer-reviewed journals that disseminate such scholarship. Journals become critical repositories that capture the histories and evolution of such disciplines, and their scholarly contributions generate new knowledge that can stimulate further research and improve practice. The Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD) sponsors four peer-reviewed journals that have contributed to the birth and evolution of the discipline of human resource development (HRD). Yet, little is known about how they came into being, how they have evolved, and what their impact has been within the field of HRD. The Solution This article captures the histories of the emergence and evolution of the four refereed journals sponsored by the AHRD through the unique voices of current and recent past editors of these journals. It then considers common themes of scholarship across the four journals that have helped to shape HRD. The Stakeholders Students, researchers, and scholar-practitioners in the field of HRD and related fields who are interested in learning more about the histories of the journals sponsored by the AHRD, along with their contributions to the scholarship in HRD, will benefit from reading this article.
Importance of environmental stiffness for megakaryocyte differentiation and proplatelet formation
Authors: Aguilar Alicia , Pertuy Fabien , Eckly Anita , Strassel Catherine , Collin Dominique , Gachet Christian , Lanza François , Léon Catherine 
Published: August 2016

Key PointsMimicking 3D BM stiffness improves MK maturation with in situ–like morphology and higher ploidy and proplatelet formation. The myosin IIA and MKL1 pathways contribute to 3D hydrogel medium-mediated increased proplatelet formation.
Diagnosing Parkinson Disease
Authors: Hess Christopher W. , Okun Michael S. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: While establishing the diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) can be straightforward, it can be challenging in some patients, even for the experienced neurologist. The misdiagnosis rate ranges from 10% to 20% or greater depending on clinician experience.

Recent Findings: Despite promise in the search for a biomarker that can establish the presence of PD and act as a marker of its progression, the diagnosis of PD continues to be based on clinical examination. Core criteria, exclusion criteria, and supportive criteria have been developed to aid the clinician in establishing the diagnosis. Nonmotor symptoms of PD are usually present at the time of diagnosis, may precede motor symptoms, and should be specifically sought during evaluation. Ancillary testing can be appropriate, but its indications and utility must be clearly understood.

Summary: The diagnosis of PD requires the recognition of the core features of PD and the differentiation of its clinical presentation from other entities with similar and potentially overlapping symptoms. A careful history and examination guided by clinical diagnostic criteria will usually establish the diagnosis of PD or uncover red flags for the possibilities of other diagnoses. Appropriate selection and interpretation of ancillary testing is critical to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary tests.
Diagnosis and Management of Tremor
Authors: Louis Elan D. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: Tremor, which is a rhythmic oscillation of a body part, is among the most common involuntary movements. Rhythmic oscillations may manifest in a variety of ways; as a result, a rich clinical phenomenology surrounds tremor. For this reason, diagnosing tremor disorders can be particularly challenging. The aim of this article is to provide the reader with a straightforward approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with tremor.

Recent Findings: Scientific understanding of the pathophysiologic basis of tremor disorders has grown considerably in recent years with the use of a broad range of neuroimaging approaches and rigorous, controlled postmortem studies. The basal ganglia and cerebellum are structures that seem to play a prominent role.

Summary: The diagnosis of tremor disorders is challenging. The approach to tremor involves a history and a neurologic examination that is focused on the nuances of tremor phenomenology, of which there are many. The evaluation should begin with a tremor history and a focused neurologic examination. The examination should attend to the many subtleties of tremor phenomenology. Among other things, the history and examination are used to establish whether the main type of tremor is an action tremor (ie, postural, kinetic, or intention tremor) or a resting tremor. The clinician should then formulate two sets of differential diagnoses: disorders in which action tremor is the predominant tremor versus those in which resting tremor is the main tremor. Among the most common of the former type are essential tremor, enhanced physiologic tremor, drug-induced tremor, dystonic tremor, orthostatic tremor, and cerebellar tremor. Parkinson disease is the most common form of resting tremor, along with drug-induced resting tremor. This article details the clinical features of each of these as well as other tremor disorders.
Treatment of Advanced Parkinson Disease and Related Disorders
Authors: Miyasaki Janis M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: Parkinson disease often spans decades of a patient’s lifetime. Over time, nonmotor symptoms predominate and may limit dopaminergic therapy. Neurologists continue to play a vital role in treatment. In addition to balancing neurobehavioral complications of Parkinson disease with motor benefit, addressing nonmotor symptoms common in the advanced stage may improve quality of life and reduce symptom burden. Symptoms such as dysphagia, constipation, urinary dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension, and pain respond to nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies.

Recent Findings: Evidence for treatment of many nonmotor symptoms is weak or lacking. The evidence for treatment of the atypical parkinsonian syndromes (progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, and corticobasal degeneration) in advanced stages is even more scant.

Summary: Engaging palliative care physicians in the joint care of patients can provide patients with access to expertise in end-of-life issues. Neurologic illnesses have specific hospice criteria to guide clinicians for referrals. Evidence supports that assisting patients with advance directives can result in improved satisfaction with care and improved quality of life in the last weeks of life. Neurologists can remain engaged in their patients’ care throughout the course of illness.
Carotid Artery Angioplasty and Stenting Without Distal Embolic Protection Devices
Authors: Binning Mandy J. , Maxwell Christina R. , Stofko Douglas , Zerr Myra , Maghazehe Kamyar , Liebman Kenneth , Hakma Zakaria , Lewis-Diaz Cynthia , Veznedaroglu Erol 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Embolic protection devices are used during carotid artery stenting procedures to reduce risk of distal embolization. Although this is a standard procedural recommendation, no studies have shown superiority of these devices over unprotected stenting procedures.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the periprocedural outcome and durability of carotid artery stenting without embolic protection devices and poststent angioplasty.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 174 carotid angioplasty stent procedures performed at our institution. One hundred sixty-six patients underwent angioplasty and stenting without distal protection devices or poststent angioplasty. Complications related to stenting, including procedural complications, postoperative stroke and/or myocardial infarction, and stent restenosis were analyzed.

RESULTS: One hundred thirty-five stents (78%) were performed in symptomatic patients, whereas 22% of stents were placed for asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis. The degree of stenosis was 80% or greater in 75% of patients and 90% or greater in 55% of patients. Following the stenting procedure, the 24-hour and 30-day rate of transient ischemic attack, intracranial hemorrhage, or ischemic stroke was 0. Three (2%) patients had a perioperative, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Five patients (2.8%) required treatment for restenosis (>50% stenosis from baseline), 1 of which was symptomatic.

CONCLUSION: Our data show that carotid artery stenting without the use of embolic protection devices and without postangioplasty stenting, in experienced hands, can be performed safely. Furthermore, this technique does not result in a higher degree of in-stent restenosis than series in which poststenting angioplasty is performed.
wigExplorer, a BioJS component to visualise wig data
Authors: Thanki Anil S. , Jimenez Rafael C. , Kaithakottil Gemy G. , Corpas Manuel , Davey Robert P. 
Published: August 2016

Summary: wigExplorer is a BioJS component whose main purpose is to provide a platform for visualisation of wig-formatted data. Wig files are extensively used by genome browsers such as the UCSC Genome Browser. wigExplorer follows the BioJS standard specification, requiring a simple configuration and installation. wigExplorer provides an easy way to navigate the visible region of the canvas and allows interaction with other components via predefined events. Availability: http://biojs.io/d/biojs-vis-wigexplorer;http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8516
Comparative Pharmacognostic and Preliminary Phytochemical Studies of Tinospora cordifolia
Authors: Patra Arjun , Pathela Richa , Satpathy Swaha 
Published: August 2016

In present study, pharmacognostical, physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies of T. cordifolia (Menispermaceae) stems, climbing on six different trees [Anthocephalus cadamba (Tc1), Ficus religious (Tc2), Cassia fistula (Tc3), Terminalia belerica (Tc4), Ficus rumphi (Tc5) and Magnifera indica (Tc6)] were evaluated and compared. Morphologically all the materials were similar, but they were having some differences in their microscopical features. Percentage total ash (Tc1: 6.7, Tc2: 5.6, Tc3: 5.9, Tc4: 5.0, Tc5: 4.3 and Tc6: 4.7% w/w), acid-insoluble ash (Tc1: 1.0, Tc2: 1.8, Tc3: 2.1, Tc4: 2.2, Tc5: 1.8 and Tc6: 2.4% w/w), water soluble extractive (Tc1: 22.1, Tc2: 11.6, Tc3: 12.8, Tc4: 10.6, Tc5: 18.4 and Tc6: 19.6% w/w), ethanol soluble extractive (Tc1: 4.3, Tc2: 8.1, Tc3: 13.6, Tc4: 3.3, Tc5: 7.6 and Tc6: 7.1% w/w), moisture content (Tc1: 8.0, Tc2: 9.2, Tc3: 8.2, Tc4: 5.7, Tc5: 7.1 and Tc6: 6.2% w/w) were determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of inorganic constituents like calcium (Tc1 to Tc6), magnesium (Tc1), potassium (Tc2, Tc3 and Tc5), Iron (Tc1 to Tc6 except Tc4), sulphate (Tc1 to Tc6 except Tc3), phosphate (Tc1), carbonate (Tc4), and nitrates (Tc3); and organic constituents viz. carbohydrates, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins in the plant. Further, TLC of methanolic extract of the plant material showed 7, 5, 6, 7, 7 and 7 spots in Tc1, Tc2, Tc3, Tc4, Tc5 and Tc6 respectively. The different salient diagnostic features established in this study will help for proper identification and standardization of the drug in crude form, and then the plant material can be used for further studies. Further, the plant climbing on different trees could be explored for maximizing the significant phytoconstituents and the therapeutic potential of the plant.
Prediction of histological stage based on cystoscopic appearances of newly diagnosed bladder tumours
Authors: During VA , Sole GM , Jha AK , Anderson JA , Bryan RT 
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION In the 75–80% of urothelial bladder cancers (UBC) presenting as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is the key treatment and staging procedure. In the 20–25% of patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), further cross-sectional imaging is required to complete the staging process before considering radical treatment. Given the adverse effects of ionising radiation, clinicians identify patients believed to have MIBC, and so requiring further imaging pre-TURBT, at the tumour histology/stage based on the tumour’s visual characteristics. There is minimal evidence describing the accuracy of such predictions in newly-diagnosed patients. METHODS Over a 6-year period, a database of patients undergoing resection of newly-diagnosed bladder lesions in a single UK centre was prospectively established. Predictions based on histology were simultaneously recorded, and the accuracy of these predictions of histology/stage subsequently assessed. RESULTS One hundred and twenty two (73.1%) patients with histologically confirmed NMIBC had predictions recorded versus 45 (26.9%) patients with MIBC. Visual assessment predictions of MIBC had a sensitivity of 88.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 76.5%–95.2%) and a specificity of 91.0% (95% CI 84.6%–94.9%), giving a positive predictive value of 78.4% (95% CI 65.4%–87.5%) and a negative predictive value of 95.7% (95% CI 90.3%–98.1%). CONCLUSIONS We find that visual assessment is accurate in predicting the presence of MIBC. This supports the practice of stratifying patients at the time of initial cystoscopy for those requiring further radiological staging pre-TURBT.