bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rice varieties with resistance to multiple races of Magnaporthe oryzae offer opportunities to manage rice blast in Australia
Authors: Fang X. , Snell P. , Barbetti M.J. , Lanoiselet V. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most destructive disease of rice worldwide. Development of resistant varieties is considered as the most cost‐effective and sustainable way to manage rice blast. However, there remains a lack of knowledge about the resistance of rice varieties to blast disease in Australia. This study was conducted to determine if there was any resistance existing among the rice varieties grown in Australia to M. oryzae isolates from this country that belong to different races. There was a resistant reaction of the variety SHZ‐2 to all the five races of IA‐1, IA‐3, IA‐63, IB‐3 and IB‐59, with a percent disease index (%DI) less than 40. Varieties NTR587, BR‐IRGA‐409, Ceysvoni and Rikuto Norin 20 showed a resistant reaction to races IA‐3, IA‐63, IB‐3 and IB‐59; and the variety Kyeema exhibited a resistant reaction to races IA‐3, IB‐3 and IB‐59. For the races IA‐1 and IB‐59 with more than one isolate, varieties with differential disease reactions across different isolates belonging to the same race were also revealed: five varieties, Langi, Opus, Sherpa, Viet 1 and Topaz, exhibited differential disease reactions to the three IA‐1 isolates; 10 varieties showed differential disease reactions to the four IB‐59 isolates; in addition, the varieties that had differential disease reactions to the IA‐1 isolates also exhibited differential disease reactions to the IB‐59 isolates of race. This study provides valuable resistance sources for breeding programmes to develop rice varieties with resistance to multiple races of M. oryzae in Australia.
Resilience and Risk for Alcohol Use Disorders: A Swedish Twin Study
Authors: Long Elizabeth C. , Lönn Sara L. , Ji Jianguang , Lichtenstein Paul , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundResilience has been shown to be protective against alcohol use disorders (AUDs), but the magnitude and nature of the relationship between these 2 phenotypes are not clear. The aim of this study was to examine the strength of this relationship and the degree to which it results from common genetic or common environmental influences.MethodsResilience was assessed on a 9‐point scale during a personal interview in 1,653,721 Swedish men aged 17 to 25 years. AUD was identified based on Swedish medical, legal, and pharmacy registries. The magnitude of the relationship between resilience and AUD was examined using logistic regression. The extent to which the relationship arises from common genetic or common environmental factors was examined using a bivariate Cholesky decomposition model.ResultsThe 5 single items that comprised the resilience assessment (social maturity, interest, psychological energy, home environment, and emotional control) all reduced risk for subsequent AUD, with social maturity showing the strongest effect. The linear effect by logistic regression showed that a 1‐point increase on the resilience scale was associated with a 29% decrease in odds of AUD. The Cholesky decomposition model demonstrated that the resilience–AUD relationship was largely attributable to overlapping genetic and shared environmental factors (57 and 36%, respectively).ConclusionsResilience is strongly associated with a reduction in risk for AUD. This relationship appears to be the result of overlapping genetic and shared environmental influences that impact resilience and risk of AUD, rather than a directly causal relationship.
Putamen functional connectivity during inhibitory control in smokers and non‐smokers
Authors: Akkermans Sophie E. A. , Luijten Maartje , van Rooij Daan , Franken Ingmar H. A. , Buitelaar Jan K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe putamen has been shown to play a key role in inhibitory control and addiction, and consists of distinct subregions associated with distinct functions. The anterior putamen is thought to be specialized in goal‐directed control or response‐monitoring in connection with frontal regions, whereas the posterior part is specialized in habitual or automatic responding in connection with sensorimotor regions. The present study is the first to delineate functional networks of the anterior and posterior putamen in a Go–NoGo response inhibition task, and to examine differences between smokers (n = 25) and non‐smokers (n = 23) within these networks. Functional connectivity analyses were conducted on fMRI data from a Go–NoGo study, using the generalized form of psychophysiological interaction with anterior and posterior putamen seed regions. In the context of inhibition, the anterior putamen exhibited connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and precuneus (pFWE < .05), which was in line with previous literature. Conversely, the posterior putamen showed connectivity with regions implicated in sensorimotor processing. When we compared smokers to non‐smokers, we did not observe the expected weaker connectivity between the anterior putamen and ACC during inhibition in smokers. Instead, our study revealed stronger inhibition‐related connectivity between the anterior putamen and right insula in smokers. This finding highlights the involvement of putamen – insula interactions in addiction and impulse control.
Do Women Have a Choice? Care Providers’ and Decision Makers’ Perspectives on Barriers to Access of Health Services for Birth after a Previous Cesarean
Authors: Munro Sarah , Kornelsen Jude , Corbett Kitty , Wilcox Elizabeth , Bansback Nick , Janssen Patricia 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundRepeat cesarean delivery is the single largest contributor to the escalating cesarean rate worldwide. Approximately 80 percent of women with a past cesarean are candidates for vaginal birth after a cesarean (VBAC), but in Canada less than one‐third plan VBAC. Emerging evidence suggests that these trends may be due in part to nonclinical factors, including care provider practice patterns and delays in access to surgical and anesthesia services. This study sought to explore maternity care providers’ and decision makers’ attitudes toward and experiences with providing and planning services for women with a previous cesarean.MethodsIn‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with family physicians, midwives, obstetricians, nurses, anesthetists, and health service decision makers recruited from three rural and two urban Canadian communities. Constructivist grounded theory informed iterative data collection and analysis.ResultsAnalysis of interviews (n = 35) revealed that the factors influencing decisions resulted from interactions between the clinical, organizational, and policy levels of the health care system. Physicians acted as information providers of clinical risks and benefits, with limited discussion of patient preferences. Decision makers serving large hospitals revealed concerns related to liability and patient safety. These stemmed from competing access to surgical resources.ConclusionsTo facilitate women's increased access to planned VBAC, it is necessary to address the barriers perceived by care providers and decision makers. Strategies to mitigate concerns include initiating decision support immediately after the primary cesarean, addressing the social risks that influence women's preferences, and managing perceptions of patient and litigation risks through shared decision making.
Fatigue in an adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder population: A trans‐diagnostic approach
Authors: Rogers Denise C. , Dittner Antonia J. , Rimes Katharine A. , Chalder Trudie 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTrans‐diagnostic approaches suggest that key cognitive and behavioural processes maintain symptoms across a wide range of mental health disorders. Fatigue is a common clinical feature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood; however, empirical data supporting its prevalence are lacking. This study aimed to collate outcomes from outpatient services to (1) investigate the prevalence of fatigue in adults with ADHD, (2) examine symptoms of ADHD in adults with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and (3) consider secondary clinical characteristics common to both disorder groups.MethodsMeasures of self‐reported fatigue were compared across groups of adults with ADHD (N = 243), CFS (N = 86), and healthy controls (HC) (N = 211) using a between‐subjects cross‐sectional design. Groups were also compared on secondary clinical measures of functional impairment, mood, anxiety, sleep, self‐efficacy, and their beliefs about the acceptability of expressing emotions.ResultsThe ADHD group were significantly more fatigued than HC with 62% meeting criteria for fatigue caseness. ADHD symptoms were significantly greater in the CFS group than in HC. ADHD and CFS groups did not differ significantly on measures of functional impairment, mood, and self‐efficacy. No significant differences were detected on measures of anxiety when items relating to physical restlessness were removed from the analysis.ConclusionsAdults with ADHD experience greater fatigue than HC. Adults with CFS and ADHD share many trans‐diagnostic clinical characteristics, including difficulties with low mood, anxiety, and reduced self‐efficacy, which impact upon their overall functioning. Further research is required to investigate extraneous factors mediating fatigue severity in these clinical groups.Practitioner points

Fatigue is a common clinical feature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood.

Evidence‐based interventions for chronic fatigue syndrome could be adapted to address fatigue in ADHD in adults.
Collaborative learning in architectural education: Benefits of combining conventional studio, virtual design studio and live projects
Authors: Rodriguez Carolina , Hudson Roland , Niblock Chantelle 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCombinations of Conventional Studio and Virtual Design Studio (VDS) have created valuable learning environments that take advantage of different instruments of communication and interaction. However, past experiences have reported limitations in regards to student engagement and motivation, especially when the studio projects encourage abstraction or are detached from context or reality. This study proposes a hybrid approach that overcomes these limitations by blending conventional studio, VDS and live projects. This blend aims to foster opportunities from within a real design situation, while promoting different levels of motivation and engagement. Two case studies comprising academic projects between the University of Los Andes, Colombia and the University of Nottingham, UK were used to validate the approach. In these, students interacted with peers, teachers, people from industry and the community to build 1:1 scale projects, with budgets and timeframe constraints. The study proved that students could successfully work collaboratively and build confidence in their own abilities when placed in a real setting, which enabled interactions face‐to‐face and at a distance to solve a challenge and achieve a common goal. The article reports on lessons learnt from these collaborative learning experiences, which reflect on contemporary cross‐cultural design practiced today.
Time trends of contact allergy to the European baseline series in Lithuania
Authors: Linauskienė Kotryna , Malinauskienė Laura , Blažienė Audra 
Published: December 2016

SummaryBackgroundMonitoring trends of positive patch test reactions is useful for epidemiological surveillance and contact allergy prevention, and has not previously been reported in Lithuania.ObjectivesTo examine and compare changes in the prevalence of contact allergy to European baseline series allergens in adults with suspected contact dermatitis during a 9‐year period.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patch test results of 297 consecutive patients, tested with the European baseline series in 2014–2015, were analysed and compared with the data published earlier in Lithuania.ResultsThe most common allergens were nickel sulfate (30.6%), methylisothiazolinone (MI) (13.5%), methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/MI (7.4%), potassium dichromate (6.1%), cobalt chloride (6.1%), Myroxylon pereirae resin (5.4%), p‐phenylenediamine (5.4%), fragrance mix I (4.7%), formaldehyde (4.4%), and methyldibromo glutaronitrile (3.7%). Increases in the prevalence of sensitization to MCI/MI (2.3% in 2006–2008 and 7.4% in 2014–2015; p < 0.0001) and nickel sulfate (16.4% in 2006–2008 and 30.6% in 2014–2015; p < 0.0001) and decreases in the prevalence of sensitization to paraben mix (3.2% in 2006–2008 and 0.3% in 2014–2015; p = 0.006) were observed. Prevalences for the other allergens remained stable or showed a decreasing trend (Myroxylon pereirae resin; p = 0.06).ConclusionThis study provides current information on the prevalence of contact allergy in Lithuania. Changing trends in sensitivity to some allergens probably reflect changes in exposure.
Extinction is Imminent for Mexico's Endemic Porpoise Unless Fishery Bycatch is Eliminated
Authors: Taylor Barbara L. , Rojas‐Bracho Lorenzo , Moore Jeffrey , Jaramillo‐Legorreta Armando , Ver Hoef Jay M. , Cardenas‐Hinojosa Gustavo , Nieto‐Garcia Edwyna , Barlow Jay , Gerrodette Tim , Tregenza Nicholas , Thomas Len , Hammond Philip S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe number of Mexico's endemic porpoise, the vaquita (Phocoena sinus), is collapsing primarily due to bycatch in illegal gillnets set for totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi), an endangered fish whose swim bladders are exported to China. Previous research estimated that vaquitas declined from about 567 to 245 individuals between 1997 and 2008. Acoustic monitoring between 2011 and 2015 showed a decline of 34%/year. Here, we combine visual line transect and passive acoustic data collected simultaneously in a robust spatial analysis to estimate that only 59 (95% Bayesian Credible Interval [CRI] 22–145) vaquita remained as of autumn 2015, a decrease since 1997 of 92% (95% CRI 80–97%). Risk analysis suggests that if the current, temporary gillnet ban is maintained and effectively enforced, vaquitas could recover to 2008 population levels by 2050. Otherwise, the species is likely to be extinct within a decade.
Visual complications in diabetes mellitus: beyond retinopathy
Authors: Khan A. , Petropoulos I. N. , Ponirakis G. , Malik R. A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of vision loss in people with diabetes mellitus; however, other causes of visual impairment/loss include other retinal and non‐retinal visual problems, including glaucoma, age‐related macular degeneration, non‐arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and cataracts. Additionally, when a person with diabetes complains of visual disturbance despite a visual acuity of 6/6, abnormalities in refraction, contrast sensitivity, straylight and amplitude of accommodation should be considered. We review and highlight these visual problems for physicians who manage people with diabetes to ensure timely referral and treatment to limit visual disability, which can have a significant impact on daily living, especially for those participating in sports and driving.
Student perceptions of exodontia competency assessment in a UK dental school
Authors: Redford R. , Durkan C. , Sivarajasingam V. , Emanuel C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionModern medical and dental training has migrated from assessing only the quantity of procedures performed to a combined assessment of both competency and quantity. This study explores student perceptions of competency assessment in exodontia at a UK dental school.Materials and MethodsAnonymous questionnaires were distributed to dental students in years three, four and five at the School of Dentistry, Cardiff University (n=149). Responses consisted of dichotomous tick boxes and 5‐point Likert scales, with thematic analysis of free‐text responses. Discrete variables were analysed using simple descriptive statistics. Recurring themes were identified from the responses.ResultsA total of 129 questionnaires were returned (response rate 87%). Feedback from students indicated that they felt well prepared to undertake the competency assessment, agreeing that year three is the most appropriate year to assess competency (69%; n=86). In 50% of cases (n=65), the clinical supervisor was not present for the duration of the assessment. The undergraduate student body would like further teaching in the use of elevators (89%; n=114).ConclusionThe competency assessment was deemed fit for purpose by the undergraduate student body. Further developments in the areas of clinical supervision and teaching on the use of elevators were considered and recommendations made to the School of Dentistry, Cardiff University. The current oral surgery course incorporates some of the recommendations.
Emotional Abuse History and Migraine Among Young Adults: A Retrospective Cross‐Sectional Analysis of the Add Health Dataset
Authors: Tietjen Gretchen E. , Karmakar Monita , Amialchuk Aliaksandr A. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo define and examine the relationship between self‐reported childhood abuse and migraine among young adults.BackgroundHeadache and migraine have been linked to childhood abuse in numerous studies, but there is incomplete characterization of headache types, and limited assessment of abuse types and frequency. Only one population‐based study has examined the relationship between emotional abuse and migraine. None have investigated the temporal relationship between onset of abuse and of migraine.MethodsWe analyzed data from 14,356 adults aged 24–32 years in Wave 4, which is a cross‐sectional subset of the longitudinal Add Health study. Participants were queried regarding abuse (emotional, physical and sexual) during childhood, diagnosis of migraine, depression and anxiety by healthcare providers, and symptoms of current depression. We used logistic regression to estimate the association between childhood abuse and migraine, controlling for socio‐demographic factors, current depression, and lifetime diagnosis of anxiety and depression.ResultsAbout 14% (n = 2040) of respondents reported migraine. Participants with migraine (vs no migraine) reported significantly higher rates of childhood abuse overall (60.6% vs 48.9%), including emotional (57.8% vs 45.4%), sexual (8.4% vs 4.6%) and physical (22.4% vs 17.9%) abuse. Emotional abuse had a stronger association with migraine (odds ratio [OR] 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43–1.85) when compared with physical (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.89–1.68) and sexual abuse (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.93–1.68), adjusting for socio‐demographic factors. The emotional abuse‐migraine association remained even when controlling for lifetime diagnosis of depression and anxiety (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.19–1.57) and for current depression (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.30–1.67). The odds of migraine increased with increasing number of abuse types reported. There was a U‐shaped distribution of odds of migraine associated with frequency of occurrences of emotional abuse, peaking at one time (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.34–2.03) and ≥ six times (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.49–2.10).ConclusionsEmotional abuse during childhood contributed more than physical or sexual abuse to the development of migraine. There is a dose–response relationship with increasing number of abuse types associated with rising odds of migraine. In addition, the relationship between the frequency of emotional abuse and the odds of migraine follows a U‐shape pattern.
A re‐audit of the technical quality of undergraduate root canal treatment after the introduction of new technology and teaching practices
Authors: Donnelly A. , Coffey D. , Duncan H. F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo revaluate through re‐audit the technical quality of undergraduate nonsurgical root canal treatment (RCTx) in a dental teaching hospital as a result of recommended changes to teaching practices.MethodologyThe technical quality of undergraduate RCTx was evaluated radiographically after educational changes and the mandatory introduction of new technologies (nickel‐titanium files, apex locators, greater taper gutta‐percha points) in 182 root canals. Evaluation was based on four criteria: presence of voids, root canal filling termination (0–2 mm of radiographic apex), all roots filled and the prepared canal contained the original anatomy. Chi‐squared analysis was used to determine statistically significant improvements in quality between the respective audits (P < 0.05).ResultsTwenty‐three of the 40 canals in single‐rooted teeth (57.5%) and 68 of the 129 (52.7%) canals in multirooted teeth analysed had an acceptable root filling. This compared with 48% of canals in single‐rooted teeth and 38% of canals in multirooted teeth in the original audit. Specifically, the frequency of root canal voids and unsatisfactory apical root filling termination were reduced in multirooted teeth by 23% and 14% and in single‐rooted teeth by 11% and 12%, respectively, compared with the original audit. When multirooted teeth were taken as one unit, 45.2% were considered to be acceptable, significantly better than the 18.8% multirooted teeth in the original audit (P = 0.042). Deviations from the canal anatomy on radiographic examination were rare findings in both audits.ConclusionsChanges to endodontic teaching practices significantly improved the technical standards of undergraduate root filling in multirooted teeth. The regular auditing of undergraduate teaching practice is necessary to inform current teaching, instigate change and improve standards.
Torsional and bending resistance of WaveOne Gold, Reciproc and Twisted File Adaptive instruments
Authors: Elsaka S. E. , Elnaghy A. M. , Badr A. E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo compare the torsional and bending resistance of WaveOne Gold (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK, USA), Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) and Twisted File Adaptive (Axis/SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) instruments.MethodologyTorsional strength of WaveOne Gold primary size 25, .07 taper, Reciproc size 25, .08 taper and Twisted File Adaptive M‐L1 size 25, .08 taper was measured by fastening the apical 3 mm of the instrument firmly and applying a constant rotation at 2 rpm to the instrument using a torsiometer. The fractured instruments were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The bending resistance of the instruments was measured using the cantilever bending test. The data were statistically analysed using one‐way analysis of variance (anova) and Tukey post hoc tests. The statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05.ResultsWaveOne Gold had a significantly higher torsional resistance than Reciproc and Twisted File Adaptive (P < 0.001). Reciproc had a significantly higher torsional resistance than Twisted File Adaptive (P < 0.001). WaveOne Gold had a significantly lower resistance to bend than Reciproc and Twisted File Adaptive (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in bending resistance between Reciproc and Twisted File Adaptive instruments (P < 0.001). SEM of the fracture cross‐sectional surface displayed the classical features of torsional failure, including fibrous dimple marks near the centre of rotation and circular abrasion marks.ConclusionsWaveOne Gold exhibited higher resistance to torsional stress and flexibility compared with Reciproc and Twisted File Adaptive instruments. Torsional resistance and flexibility properties of the instruments could be affected by the alloy from which the instrument is manufactured and different cross‐sectional design.