bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune vitiligo is associated with gain-of-function by a transcriptional regulator that elevates expression ofHLA-A*02:01in vivo
Authors: Hayashi Masahiro , Jin Ying , Yorgov Daniel , Santorico Stephanie A. , Hagman James , Ferrara Tracey M. , Jones Kenneth L. , Cavalli Giulio , Dinarello Charles A. , Spritz Richard A. 
Published: February 2016

SignificanceVitiligo is an autoimmune disease in which spots of white skin and hair result from destruction of melanocytes. Vitiligo is associated withHLA-A*02:01, which presents multiple vitiligo melanocyte autoantigens. We localize vitiligo risk to a SNP haplotype 20 kb downstream of theHLA-Agene, spanning a transcriptional regulatory element. Blood cells from healthy subjects carrying the high-risk haplotype expressed moreHLA-ARNA than subjects carrying only nonhigh-risk haplotypes. Vitiligo risk in the MHC class I region thus derives from combined quantitative and qualitative phenomena: an SNP haplotype in a transcriptional regulator that induces elevated expression ofHLA-ARNA in vivo, and strong linkage disequilibrium with anHLA-Aallele that confers *02:01 specificity. These combine to increase HLA-A2 available to present melanocyte autoantigens.
Disentangling the mechanisms behind climate effects on zooplankton
Authors: Kvile Kristina Ø. , Langangen Øystein , Prokopchuk Irina , Stenseth Nils C. , Stige Leif C. 
Published: February 2016

SignificanceUnderlying mechanisms behind observed associations between zooplankton dynamics and climate are often unclear. We investigate how drift patterns, temperature, mixed layer depth, and wind influence the biomass ofCalanus finmarchicus, a dominant North Atlantic copepod. To address the underlying mechanisms, we include drift modeling results in statistical analyses of survey data, analyze spatial and interannual variability, and investigate effects across trophic levels. Chlorophyll biomass in spring andC. finmarchicusbiomass in summer relate positively to shallow mixed layer depth and high wind speed in spring, suggesting climate effects on zooplankton through food availability. High temperatures increaseC. finmarchicusbiomass in spring but not summer. The results imply how climate change might influence future feeding conditions for predators on zooplankton.
Fast photoresponse of zinc ferrite nanotube arrays fabricated by electrodeposition
Authors: Liu Hao , Sun Qi , Zhang Zili , Zheng Zhiyuan , lü Zhiqing , Zhao Kun 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Although nano-sized zinc ferrite materials exhibit excellent visible light activity, their photoresponse characteristics as photodetectors have rarely been investigated. In this paper, zinc ferrite nanotube arrays were fabricated using electrodeposition with the aid of zinc oxide nanowire arrays as a template. These nanotube arrays showed tens of milliseconds-response photocurrents under the irradiation of a 532 nm solid-state laser, and the magnitudes of the photocurrents were linearly increased with increasing laser power. These features of ZnFe2O4 nanotube arrays revealed their potential applications in high-frequency or high-speed photodevices.
ALMA resolves extended star formation in high-z AGN host galaxies
Authors: Harrison C. M. , Simpson J. M. , Stanley F. , Alexander D. M. , Daddi E. , Mullaney J. R. , Pannella M. , Rosario D. J. , Smail Ian 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We present high-resolution (0.3 arcsec) Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) 870 μm imaging of five z ≈ 1.5–4.5 X-ray detected AGN (with luminosities of L2–8keV &gt; 1042 erg s−1). These data provide a ≳20 times improvement in spatial resolution over single-dish rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) measurements. The sub-millimetre emission is extended on scales of FWHM ≈ 0.2 arcsec–0.5 arcsec, corresponding to physical sizes of 1–3 kpc (median value of 1.8 kpc). These sizes are comparable to the majority of z=1–5 sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs) with equivalent ALMA measurements. In combination with spectral energy distribution analyses, we attribute this rest-frame FIR emission to dust heated by star formation. The implied star-formation rate surface densities are ≈20–200 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2, which are consistent with SMGs of comparable FIR luminosities (i.e. LIR ≈ [1–5] × 1012 L⊙). Although limited by a small sample of AGN, which all have high-FIR luminosities, our study suggests that the kpc-scale spatial distribution and surface density of star formation in high-redshift star-forming galaxies is the same irrespective of the presence of X-ray detected AGN.
Spatially resolved radio-to-far-infrared SED of the luminous merger remnant NGC 1614 with ALMA and VLA
Authors: Saito Toshiki , Iono Daisuke , Xu Cong K. , Ueda Junko , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Yun Min S. , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Yamashita Takuji , Lee Minju , Espada Daniel , Motohara Kentaro , Kawabe Ryohei 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We present the results of Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) 108-, 233-, 352-, and 691-GHz continuum observations and Very Large Array (VLA) 4.81- and 8.36-GHz observations of the nearby luminous merger remnant NGC 1614. By analyzing the beam (1${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$0 × 1${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$0) and uv (≥45 kλ) matched ALMA and VLA maps, we find that the deconvolved source size of lower-frequency emission (≤108 GHz) is more compact (420 pc × 380 pc) compared to the higher-frequency emission (≥233 GHz) (560 pc × 390 pc), suggesting different physical origins for the continuum emission. Based on a spectral energy distribution (SED) model for a dusty starburst galaxy, it is found that the SED can be explained by three components: (1) non-thermal synchrotron emission (traced in the 4.81- and 8.36-GHz continua), (2) thermal free–free emission (traced in the 108-GHz continuum), and (3) thermal dust emission (traced in the 352- and 691-GHz continua). We also present the spatially resolved (sub-kpc scale) Kennicutt–Schmidt relation of NGC 1614. The result suggests a systematically shorter molecular gas depletion time in NGC 1614 (average τgas of 49–77 Myr and 70–226 Myr at the starburst ring and the outer region, respectively) than that of normal disk galaxies (∼2 Gyr) and a mid-stage merger VV 114 (= 0.1–1 Gyr). This implies that the star formation activities in (ultra-)luminous infrared galaxies are efficiently enhanced as the merger stage proceeds, which is consistent with the results from high-resolution numerical merger simulations.
Suzaku confirms NGC 3660 is an unabsorbed Seyfert 2
Authors: Rivers Elizabeth , Brightman Murray , Bianchi Stefano , Matt Giorgio , Nandra Kirpal , Ueda Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
An enigmatic group of objects, unabsorbed Seyfert 2s may have intrinsically weak broad line regions, obscuration in the line of sight to the BLR but not to the X-ray corona, or so much obscuration that the X-ray continuum is completely suppressed and the observed spectrum is actually scattered into the line of sight from nearby material. NGC 3660 has been shown to have weak broad optical/near-infrared lines, no obscuration in the soft X-ray band, and no indication of “changing look” behavior. The only previous hard X-ray detection of this source by Beppo-SAX seemed to indicate that the source might harbor a heavily obscured nucleus. However, our analysis of a long-look Suzaku observation of this source shows that this is not the case, and that this source has a typical power-law X-ray continuum with normal reflection and no obscuration. We conclude that NGC 3660 is confirmed to have no unidentified obscuration and that the anomolously high Beppo-SAX measurement must be due to source confusion or similar, being inconsistent with our Suzaku measurements as well as non-detections from Swift-Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE).
Morphological and Functional Assessment of Oesophageal Mucosa Integrity in Children With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Brecelj Jernej , Zidar Nina , Jeruc Jera , Orel Rok 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to investigate morphological and functional characteristics of oesophageal epithelial barrier in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) with or without gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in comparison to healthy controls.Methods:Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy with oesophageal biopsies and combined oesophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH monitoring was performed in 17 children with CF (CFtot) with (CFgord) or without GORD (CFnorm). Histological combined severity score was calculated and widths of spaces between epithelial cells were measured. Basal impedance value was used to assess functional integrity of epithelial barrier. Results of each investigation were compared with a group of children without oesophageal disease.Results:CFtot, but also CFnorm, had more severe pathohistological changes included in the compound severity score than controls (0.75 ± 0.32 and 0.75 ± 0.20 vs 0.27 ± 0.25; P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). They also had more dilated intercellular spaces (2.6 μm ± 0.6 and 2.7 μm ± 0.5 vs 1.9 μm ± 0.2; P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Baseline impedance values between proximal and distal pairs of electrodes were significantly lower in CFtot (2876 Ω ± 484, 2590 Ω ± 1013) and also in CFnorm (2922 Ω ± 363, 2844 Ω ± 457) than in controls (3703 Ω ± 859, 3753 Ω ± 1070) (P = 0.012 and P = 0.002; and P = 0.027 and P = 0.005, respectively). The treatment of CFgord with proton pump inhibitor increased, but did not normalise the baseline impedance values (2860 Ω ± 560 to 3355 Ω ± 750 and 2178 Ω ± 1564 to 3057 Ω ± 594).Conclusions:Children with CF had morphological and functional changes of oesophageal mucosal integrity even in the absence of GORD.
Infliximab‐Associated Immunomediated Hepatitis in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Mostamand Shikib , Schroeder Shauna , Schenkein Jacqueline , Miloh Tamir 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTInfliximab (IFX) is commonly used to induce and maintain remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We report the first 2 cases of children with ulcerative colitis who had normal liver transaminases before IFX and were diagnosed with immunomediated hepatitis after IFX induction. Both the cases had negative antibodies for antinuclear, smooth muscle, and liver kidney microsome, with 1 patient having positive autoimmune serology (dsDNA) and overlap primary sclerosing cholangitis. IFX was discontinued and transaminases normalized without steroid administration. Clinicians treating pediatric patients with IBD with IFX should be aware of IFX immunomediated hepatitis. This phenomenon is previously reported in adult patients with IBD. To our knowledge, these are the first cases reported in pediatric patients with IBD.
Short template switch events explain mutation clusters in the human genome
Authors: Löytynoja Ari , Goldman Nick 
Published: February 2016

AbstractResequencing efforts are uncovering the extent of genetic variation in humans and provide data to study the evolutionary processes shaping our genome. One recurring puzzle in both intra- and inter-species studies is the high frequency of complex mutations comprising multiple nearby base substitutions or insertion-deletions. We devised a generalized mutation model of template switching during replication that extends existing models of genome rearrangement, and used this to study the role of template switch events in the origin of such mutation clusters. Applied to the human genome, our model detects thousands of template switch events during the evolution of human and chimp from their common ancestor, and hundreds of events between two independently sequenced human genomes. While many of these are consistent with the template switch mechanism previously proposed for bacteria but not thought significant in higher organisms, our model also identifies new types of mutations that create short inversions, some flanked by paired inverted repeats. The local template switch process can create numerous complex mutation patterns, including hairpin loop structures, and explains multi-nucleotide mutations and compensatory substitutions without invoking positive selection, complicated and speculative mechanisms, or implausible coincidence. Clustered sequence differences are challenging for mapping and variant calling methods, and we show that detection of mutation clusters with current resequencing methodologies is difficult and many erroneous variant annotations exist in human reference data. Template switch events such as those we have uncovered may have been neglected as an explanation for complex mutations because of biases in commonly used analyses. Incorporation of our model into reference-based analysis pipelines and comparisons ofde novo-assembled genomes will lead to improved understanding of genome variation and evolution.
Human Longevity is Influenced by Many Genetic Variants: Evidence from 75,000 UK Biobank Participants
Authors: Pilling Luke C. , Atkins Janice L. , Bowman Kirsty , Jones Samuel E. , Tyrrell Jessica , Beaumont Robin N. , Ruth Katherine S. , Tuke Marcus A. , Yaghootkar Hanieh , Wood Andrew R. , Freathy Rachel M. , Murray Anna , Weedon Michael N. , Xue Luting , Lunetta Kathryn , Murabito Joanne M. , Harries Lorna W. , Robine Jean-Marie , Brayne Carol , Kuchel George A. , Ferrucci Luigi , Frayling Timothy M. , Melzer David 
Published: February 2016

AbstractVariation in human lifespan is 20 to 30% heritable but few genetic variants have been identified. We undertook a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using age at death of parents of middle-aged UK Biobank participants of European decent (n=75,244 with father’s and/or mother’s data). Genetic risk scores for 19 phenotypes (n=777 proven variants) were also tested.Genotyped variants (n=845,997) explained 10.2% (SD=1.3%) of combined parental longevity. In GWAS, a locus in the nicotine receptorCHRNA3– previously associated with increased smoking and lung cancer - was associated with paternal age at death, with each protective allele (rs1051730[G]) being associated with 0.03 years later age at father’s death (p=3x10-8). Offspring of longer lived parents had more protective alleles (lower genetic risk scores) for coronary artery disease, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, type-1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and Alzheimer’s disease. In candidate gene analyses, variants in theTOMM40/APOElocus were associated with longevity (including rs429358, p=3x10-5), butFOXOvariants were not associated.These results support a multiple protective factors model for achieving longer lifespans in humans, with a prominent role for cardiovascular-related pathways. Several of these genetically influenced risks, including blood pressure and tobacco exposure, are potentially modifiable.
Strategic corporate communication and impact in Indian service sector
Authors: Sinha Mala , Bhatia Perveen 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of strategic corporate communication (SCC) activities and its impact in Indian service sector organizations.Design/methodology/approach– A descriptive research design was used with data obtained from 227 executives from service sector organizations. A research instrument was constructed and measures of SCC and its impact were derived through factor analysis.Findings– Multiple regression analysis led to formulation of new relationships among the variables (messages, medium and stakeholders) involved in SCC and its impact. For example, in crisis situations, messages related to identity and image were associated with greater communication impact than were other types of messages. Similarly communicating with primary stakeholders like employees and customers was more important than with other stakeholders. Among the different types of medium used in SCC, virtual medium and disclosures led to greater communication impact.Originality/value– Communication impact due to SCC was a multi-dimensional construct comprising of three kinds of impacts: communication synergy; value representation; and organizational reliability. The relationships of messages, mediums and stakeholders with different types of SCC Impact can help practitioners design and implement effective strategies of corporate communication.
Integrated reporting with CSR practices
Authors: Lueg Klarissa , Lueg Rainer , Andersen Karina , Dancianu Veronica 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how standards and guidelines for corporate social responsibility (CSR) can help a company in its integrated reporting (IR). The authors investigate the motivations of diverse stakeholders (including shareholders) in fostering the adoption of standards and guidelines for CSR after IR became mandatory in Denmark.Design/methodology/approach– The authors conduct a case study at the Danish carpet manufacturer EGE. The authors interpret the case from the perspective of pragmatic constructivism, which focuses on the integration of four dimensions: facts, possibilities, values, and communication.Findings– The authors find that the family-owned EGE follows a strategy of “enlightened shareholder value,” in which CSR is an essential value driver. This strategy fostered IR with guidelines and standards for CSR. The CSR practices appeared to be helpful for integrating measureable plans to the strategy and for controlling CSR implementation. However, the long and technical CSR reports did not effectively communicate EGE’s values and possibilities. The authors outline how EGE overcame these barriers.Originality/value– The authors suggest that IR implementation depends on the context, and the authors explain why the case company has opted to issue two separate reports for their IR. In addition, the authors suggest that standardized approaches to CSR may be suitable for internal planning and control purposes; however, companies must go beyond these measurements to achieve IR.
Optimizing on hydrostatic structural parameters for regulatable dry gas seal based on central composite design test
Authors: Jin Zhaoxu , Li Shuangxi , Cai Jining , zhang qiuxiang 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to introduce a new type of analysis method to seek the actual working performance of the regulatable dry gas seal, including equilibrium film thickness, stiffness-leakage ratio and so on. Additionally, a parametric optimization of the hydrostatic structure is completed for this kind of seal.

Design/methodology/approach
– From the point of axial force balance based on gas lubrication theory, a new analysis method, the Gas Film Divided Method, has been introduced. A four-factor and three-level hydrostatic structural parameters test scheme is designed by means of Central Composite Design test and then the hydrostatic structural parameters of regulatable dry gas seal were optimized. Three types of regulatable dry gas seal have been designed and manufactured to verify the theoretical analysis by measuring the equilibrium film thickness and inward leakage.

Findings
– The results indicate that the numerical values of the Gas Film Divided (GFD) method agree well with the experimental ones. Test proves that the Central Composite Design test could achieve optimized hydrostatic structural parameters of regulatable dry gas seal effectively.

Research limitations/implications
– For validating the correctness of the GFD method, an experiment study of the regulatable dry gas seal is being carried out where atmosphere is selected as the lubricant for the sake of safety. Soon after, the author will discuss the application in the new paper.

Originality/value
– The introduction of the GFD method proffers important insights to seek the performances of regulatable dry gas seal under the actual working conditions. The detailed optimal values of the hydrostatic structural parameters were given by the theoretical research which may be helpful for the design of regulatable dry gas seal.
A new temperature parameter set for characterizing the frictional temperature rise of disc brakes
Authors: Yin Yan , Xiao Xingming , Bao Jiusheng , Liu Jinge , Lu Yuhao , Ji Yangyang 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to establish a new temperature set for characterizing the frictional temperature rise (FTR) of disc brakes. The FTR produced by braking is an important factor which directly affects the tribological properties of disc brakes. Presently, most existing researches characterize the FTR only by several static parameters such as average temperature or maximum temperature, which cannot reflect accurately the dynamic characteristics of temperature variation in the process of braking. In this paper, a new temperature parameter set was extracted and the influences of braking conditions on these parameters were investigated by experiments.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, several simulated braking experiments of disc brakes were conducted to reveal the dynamic variation rules and mechanisms of the FTR in braking. Second, the characteristic parameter subset of the FTR was extracted with five significant parameters, namely, initial temperature, average temperature, end temperature, maximum temperature and the ratio of maximum temperature time. Furthermore, the fitting parameter subset of the FTR was constructed based on the temperature rise curve. Finally, the influence and mechanisms of initial braking velocity and braking pressure on the new temperature parameter set were investigated through braking experiments.

Findings
– This paper extracted a new temperature parameter set including a characteristic parameter subset and a fitting parameter subset and revealed the influences of braking conditions on it by experiments.

Originality/value
– The results showed that the new temperature parameter set extracted in this paper can characterize the dynamic characteristics of disc brake’s FTR variations more objectively and comprehensively. The research results will provide a theoretical basis for extracting the fault feature of friction properties.
Dynamic balance analysis of contamination control for hydraulic systems based on dynamic filtration ratio
Authors: Ma Guangying , Ning Shurong , Hu Yunlong , Gao jun 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The aim of this study is to establish a dynamic model of the filtration ratio. For the problem that the measured value of the filtration ratio is far less than the theoretical value in the actual hydraulic filtering system, the paper aims to find the relationship between the filtration ratio and the parameters of the hydraulic systems, such as the contamination level and the dirt-holding quantity of the filter.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper opted for the method of experimental analysis and simulation to determine the relationship between the filtration ratio and the parameters of the hydraulic system, and established a dynamic filtration ratio model.

Findings
– The paper provides a preliminary model of dynamic filtration ratio, and the model shows that the filtration ratio is exponentially related to the contamination level and the dirt-holding quantity. Different filters have different influence coefficients. The filtering capacity for a certain particle size and the contamination level control of the filter for different hydraulic systems can be judged according to the dynamic balance equation of hydraulic systems.

Originality/value
– The paper is useful in the selection of filters and in the precise control of the contamination level of the hydraulic system.