bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective study on prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women at booking in a health care centre in Udairamsar, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Acharya Aarti , Acharya Rekha , Meena Ratti Ram 
Published: December 2016

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is one of the major risk among them. This is associated with abortions, premature births, postpartum haemorrhage and low birth weight. Thus anaemia is considered as one of the most frequent complications of pregnancy and there is need of early detection.Methods: Retrospective record based study conducted at Rural Health Training Centre Udairamsar, Bikaner, Rajasthan. Data regarding pregnancy are collected from 1April 2015 to31 March 2016 by referring the records maintained at RHTC. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.Results: A total of 135 pregnant women were registered for ANC care during this one year period. Majority (64.44%) belonged to the age group of 20-25 years and 94.8% were Hindu by religion. 48.18% of pregnant women were registered during first trimester followed by 28.88% who had registered during second trimester and rest at third trimester. Prevalence of anaemia in the present study was found to be 89.26% with 121 cases among which 92 cases were mild form, 28 cases were moderate form and only 1 case was of severe form with Haemoglobin level below 7g/dl. The study didn’t show any significant association between anaemia and booking trimester.Conclusions: There is high prevalence (85.2%) of anemia among pregnant women. It was also noted that 45.1% of the pregnant women registered after first trimester of pregnancy. Hence leading to late acceptance of antenatal care and iron and folic acid supplementation which is given to reduce the cases of anemia in pregnancy.
A cross-sectional study on effect of non-communicable diseases on prevalent oral health conditions
Authors: Shah Aasim Farooq , Baba Irfan Ashraf , Dany Subha Soumya , Batra Manu 
Published: December 2016

Background: Non communicable diseases (NCDs) are defined as diseases of long duration, generally progress slowly and are the major cause of adult mortality and morbidity worldwide. NCDs mainly lead by four diseases which include: cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus (DM), cancers and chronic respiratory diseases. Poor oral health reflects the general health, and several oral diseases are related to chronic diseases. The aim and objectives was to find casual association between NCDs with oral disease and further aims to provide evidence to health care providers regarding the significance of oral health while treating the patients for NCDs.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted to examine the oral health status of patients with NCD reporting to Dental OPD of Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar. This hospital based study done through a convenience sampling technique, using a questionnaire and oral examination. A self-administered questionnaire was written in English language and was also translated in local language, first part of questionnaire was used to collect the demographic details, second part was designed regarding the medication history, oral habits such as smoking and consumption of betel nuts, medical history and earlier visit to dentist, cleaning of teeth, significance of dental health and its effect on general health and the third part of questionnaire was completely based on dental examination. The data was entered manually on Microsoft excel and then analyzed on statistical package SPSS version 20. Associations between different variables were assessed through application of χ2. The Data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics 20.0.Results: The present study was established with a sample of 300 participants. Male to female ratio was 2:3. Mean age of the participants was 46.6 years. It was observed that out of the total patients who visited the dentist, 42% (n=126) suffered from some chronic disease. 61% (n=183) were oblivious of the importance of dental health. When inquired if oral health affects general health 58.6% (n= 176) acknowledged its importance. 59 participants who lost more than three teeth who had chronic disease, 58.6% (n=176) respondents presented with bleeding gums, 66.3% (n=199) with food deposition, 52% (n=158) had halitosis, 26% (n= 78) had oral ulceration, 22.3% (n=67).Conclusions: It was concluded from this study that majority of participants with chronic diseases had poor oral health which requires immediate attention from the medical practitioners as well as dentists should counsel patients for maintenance and promotion of oral health.
Determinants of overweight and obesity among selected school going children in Tumkur (tier 2) city, Karnataka, India
Authors: Ahmed Imtiaz , Jayaram Ashok , Iyengar Krishna 
Published: December 2016

Background: The World Health Organization has described obesity as one of today's most neglected public health problems. Obesity in children appears to increase the risk of subsequent morbidity (like sleep apnea, NIDDM, Gallbladder disease, Dyslipidemia, Insulin resistance etc.), whether or not obesity persists into adulthood.1 In developing countries such as India, especially in urban populations, childhood obesity is emerging as a major health problem nearly 8 to 23 percent children are obese and overweight by various study. Aims and Objectives: To assess the determinants of overweight and obesity in selected government, aided and unaided schools of Tumkur city.Methods: A cross sectional study was done with 2207 students, aged 10-16 years from 10 schools in Tumkur (tier-2) City. Recommended cut-off points for Indian children (IAP Classification 2012) were utilized to assess overweight and obesity.2 Out of 2207 students 290 were found to be overweight and obese. Twice their number i.e., 580 normal BMI students of same age and gender were selected randomly as controls to study the determinants of overweight and obesity.Results: Prevalence of childhood overweight was 7.02% and obesity was 6.12% respectively. Children of higher educated family found to be more overweight and obese. High socio-economic group children had higher prevalence of obesity than low socio-economic group. Snacking habit and eating of junk food promoted the obesity. Increased hours of schooling lack of physical activity, tuition classes, more homework, TV watching, use of computers and playing video games contributed to sedentary lifestyle, which triggered the onset of obesity among children.Conclusions: Overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among school going children was 13.14%. It was more in boys (13.24%) than girls (13.04%), respectively. The higher prevalence of overweight in school children of Tumkur may be attributed to their eating habits, as well as to their lack of awareness on proper eating habits. Education of parents had a direct relationship to childhood obesity. In addition, low involvement in physical activities may also have influenced the rate of overweight and obesity.
Hydrotherapy: an efficient and cost-effective treatment for depression
Authors: Hassan Syed Zawahir , Waqas Muhammad , Yaqub Danial , Asad Duhaa 
Published: December 2016

Depression is a general mental disorder with an estimate of 350 million people affected with it. Depression varies from usual mood fluctuations to short emotional setbacks and can extend to mental breakdown, hopelessness and suicidal thoughts. At worst, over 800,000 people commit suicide due it, and is the major cause of death among teens. Factors including genetic characteristics, environmental stress, as it gets triggered later at some point of adolescence, drugs like isotretinoin and interferon-alpha are thought to increase the risk of depression.
Distinct Proximal Humeral Geometry in Chinese Population and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Shi Lewis L. , Ravella Krishna C. , Koh Jason L. , Wang Shaobai , Liu Cailong , Li Guoan , Wang Jianhua 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Replicating humeral anatomy during shoulder arthroplasty is important for good patient outcomes. The proximal humeral geometry of the Chinese population has been rarely reported. We analyzed the geometry of the proximal part of the humerus in Chinese subjects and compared it with that of Western populations and the dimensions of available prostheses.

Methods:
Eighty healthy Chinese subjects underwent computed tomography (CT)-arthrography. Three-dimensional (3D) digital humeral and glenoid models were reconstructed, and geometric parameters were measured. Humeral measurements included the radius of curvature, articular surface diameter and thickness, anterior-posterior/superior-inferior (AP/SI) articular surface diameter ratio, articular surface thickness/radius of curvature ratio, surface arc, inclination angle, retroversion angle, and medial and posterior offsets. Glenoid measurements included SI length, AP length, SI radius, and AP radius.

Results:
The average radius of curvature (and standard deviation) of the humeral head was 22.1 ± 1.9 mm, the articular surface diameter averaged 42.9 ± 3.6 mm, and the articular surface thickness averaged 16.9 ± 1.5 mm. There was strong linear correlation between the articular surface diameter and thickness (r2 = 0.696, p = 0.001), with a linear regression relationship of thickness = 0.357 × diameter + 1.615. The AP/SI articular surface diameter ratio averaged 0.93 ± 0.03; the articular surface thickness/radius of curvature ratio, 0.77 ± 0.05; the surface arc, 153° ± 5.6°; the inclination angle, 133° ± 3.1°; and the retroversion angle, 22.6° ± 10.2°. The medial and posterior offsets averaged 6.3 ± 0.9 mm and 0.4 ± 0.78 mm, respectively; the SI and AP lengths, 30.15 ± 3.70 mm and 20.35 ± 2.56 mm; and the SI and AP radii, 23.49 ± 2.48 mm and 25.54 ± 3.07 mm. Compared with the Western population, the Chinese cohort had a smaller radius of curvature (p < 0.001), smaller articular surface diameter (p = 0.009), larger articular surface thickness/radius of curvature ratio (p < 0.001), larger surface arc (p < 0.001), smaller inclination angle (p < 0.001), and smaller posterior offset (p < 0.001). Unlike the Western population, the Chinese population had higher glenohumeral conformity in the coronal plane than in the axial plane. Many manufacturers’ shoulder prostheses do not adequately cover the range of humeral head dimensions in our Chinese cohort.

Conclusions:
The geometric parameters of the humeri in the Chinese population differ from those in other populations. These differences have clinical relevance with regard to implant design and arthroplasty technique and likely affect clinical outcomes.
Salto Talaris Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Hofmann Kurt J. , Shabin Zabrina M. , Ferkel Eric , Jockel Jeffrey , Slovenkai Mark P. 
Published: December 2016

Background:
In recent years, the number of total ankle arthroplasty procedures performed has increased dramatically. We sought to report the clinical results of the largest cohort of patients treated with a modern fixed-bearing total ankle arthroplasty by a single surgeon.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 78 consecutive patients (81 ankles) who underwent total ankle arthroplasty with a minimum clinical follow-up of 2 years. Sixty-three patients completed standardized questionnaires including the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI), the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA), the Short Form (SF)-36v2, and a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. In addition, each patient underwent serial range-of-motion examination and radiographic implant evaluation at each follow-up appointment.

Results:
Implant survival was 97.5% at a mean follow-up time of 5.2 years. There was 1 revision of a tibial component and 1 revision of a talar component. Thirty-six patients underwent a concurrent procedure at the time of the index surgery, with the most common being removal of previous hardware. Seventeen patients underwent additional procedures following the index surgery, with the most common being gutter debridement. Total range of motion averaged 35.5° preoperatively and 39.9° postoperatively (p = 0.02). Fifty-seven ankles (70%) had >2 years of radiographic follow-up, and 25 ankles (31%) displayed evidence of lucency around a metallic component at the final radiographic follow-up. Outcome scores at a mean of 5.2 years revealed promising results for the cohort, with a mean VAS pain score of 17.7 and a mean FADI score of 79.1.

Conclusions:
Modern fixed-bearing total ankle arthroplasty had excellent implant survival, improved plantar flexion and total range of motion, and had good-to-excellent functional outcome at a mean follow-up of 5.2 years.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Single-Stage Revision Is Effective for Failed Shoulder Arthroplasty with Positive Cultures for Propionibacterium
Authors: Hsu Jason E. , Gorbaty Jacob D. , Whitney Ian J. , Matsen Frederick A. 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Revision shoulder arthroplasties are often culture-positive for Propionibacterium. This study tests the hypothesis that the functional outcomes of revising Propionibacterium culture-positive failed arthroplasties with a single-stage revision and immediate antibiotic therapy are not inferior to the clinical outcomes of revising failed shoulder arthroplasties that are not culture-positive.

Methods:
Fifty-five shoulders without obvious clinical evidence of infection had a single-stage revision arthroplasty. The patient self-assessed functional outcomes for shoulders with ≥2 positive cultures for Propionibacterium (the culture-positive group) were compared with shoulders with no positive cultures or only 1 positive culture (the control group).

Results:
The culture-positive group had 89% male patients, with a mean age (and standard deviation) of 63.5 ± 7.2 years. The mean Simple Shoulder Test (SST) scores for the 27 culture-positive shoulders improved from 3.2 ± 2.8 points before the surgical procedure to 7.8 ± 3.3 points at a mean follow-up of 45.8 ± 11.7 months after the surgical procedure (p < 0.001), a mean improvement of 49% of the maximum possible improvement. The control group had 39% male patients, with a mean age of 67.1 ± 8.1 years. The mean SST scores for the 28 control shoulders improved from 2.6 ± 1.9 points preoperatively to 6.1 ± 3.4 points postoperatively at a mean follow-up of 49.6 ± 11.8 months (p < 0.001), a mean improvement of 37% of the maximum possible improvement. Subsequent procedures for persistent pain or stiffness were required in 3 patients (11%) in the culture-positive group and in 3 patients (11%) in the control group; none of the revisions were culture-positive. Fourteen patients reported side effects to antibiotics.

Conclusions:
Clinical outcomes after single-stage revision for Propionibacterium culture-positive shoulders were at least as good as the outcomes in revision procedures for control shoulders. Two-stage revision procedures may not be necessary in the management of these cases. Patients should be educated with regard to potential antibiotic side effects.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Characteristics and Clinical Relevance of the Osseous Spur in Patients with Congenital Scoliosis and Split Spinal Cord Malformation
Authors: Feng Fan , Shen Jianxiong , Zhang Jianguo , Li Shugang , Yu Keyi , Tan Haining 
Published: December 2016

Background:
The natural history of split spinal cord malformation (SCM) is still unclear. Knowledge of the characteristics of the osseous spur and its relationship with the spinal deformity may allow early identification of patients with a higher risk of a neurological deficit and enhance surgical decision-making.

Methods:
Eighty-five consecutive patients with congenital scoliosis and type-I SCM who had undergone surgical treatment at our hospital from May 2000 to December 2013 were identified retrospectively. There were 22 male and 63 female patients with an average age of 13.9 years at the time of surgery. Preoperative clinical and radiographic data were collected to investigate the characteristics of the scoliosis and the osseous spur. Two groups were identified on the basis of whether the patients had intact neurological function (Group A) or a neurological deficit (Group B).

Results:
There were 52 patients (61%) in Group A (intact neurological function) and 33 patients (39%) in Group B (neurological deficit). There were no significant differences in the demographic distribution, curve magnitude, or length and thickness of the osseous spur between the 2 groups. In Group A, the location of the osseous spur relative to the apex of the major curve was proximal in 13 patients (25%), distal in 28 (54%), and central in 11 (21%). In Group B, the osseous spur was proximal in 7 (21%), distal in 8 (24%), and central in 18 (55%). The 2 groups differed significantly with respect to the location of the osseous spur (chi square = 10.898, p = 0.004). Group-B patients had a higher proportion of patients with kyphotic deformity (42%) than Group A (10%). The ratio of the diameters of the hemicords (concave side divided by convex side) differed significantly between the 2 groups (0.98 for Group A versus 0.89 for Group B, p = 0.030).

Conclusions:
The neurological status in patients with congenital scoliosis and type-I SCM appears to be closely related to the location of the osseous spur relative to the congenital scoliosis. An osseous spur at the apex of the scoliosis may be related to a higher risk of developing a neurological deficit, especially in patients with kyphotic deformity. Asymmetric splitting of the spinal cord may contribute to neurological deficits.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Economic Evaluations and the Real Estate Appraisals for the Effectiveness, Feasibility and Sustainability of Urban Regeneration Measures
Authors: Calabró Francesco , Spina Lucia Della 
Published: December 2016

The urban policies and territorial live a period of profound transformation, characterized by a shift to new approaches and governance tools. Public intervention implemented through programs active an application for assessment: beyond the explicit applications contained in the various intervention tools, the decision-making sphere, facing the loss of representativeness of organized politics and the growing complexity of the variables that influence the public choices has the absolute necessity of auxiliary tools that allow you to optimize the use of available resources and at the same time make the decision-making path shareable and transparent. Fewer resources always available, the importance of the time during transformation processes, the rational legitimacy of choices - pose a number of difficult problems to solve that lead to the need to experiment with new tools to support decision makers, from the early stage of planning or in the pre-design phase (Saaty, 1990; 2008).In this valuation context of compatible functional solutions, the Multiple-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodologies (Roy & Bouyssou, 1993), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in particular, play a significant role as they allow to be taken into account all the intrinsic values of the assets in question, both economic and extra-economic. The use of these methods can provide choices that are not always based on the best cost-benefit ratio (NesticÃ², Macchiaroli, & Pipolo, 2015).Â As well as guaranteeing the presence and the clarification of different values, the formalisation of an evaluation process carried out in these terms, expression of the community needs, also allows the control and the correspondence between general and specific choices. Since the asset is of particular value, it is, however, necessary that the various criteria and weights taken on the basis of the evaluation are shared by the community or rather, by direct users and by potential or future users.
Can machine learning techniques predict customer dissatisfaction? A feasibility study for the automotive industry
Authors: Meinzer Stefan , Jensen Ulf , Thamm Alexander , Hornegger Joachim , Eskofier Björn M. 
Published: December 2016

The automotive industry is in the strongest competition ever, as this sector gets disrupted by new arising competitors. Providing services to maximum customer satisfaction will be one of the most crucial competitive advantages in the future. Around 1 Terabyte of objective data is created every hour today. This volume will significantly grow in the future by the increasing numberof connected services within the automotive industry. However, customer satisfaction determination is solely based on subjective questionnaires today without taking the vast amount of objective sensor and service process data into account. This work presents an industrial application that fills this lack of research and thus provides a solution with a high practical impact to survive in the tough competition of the automotive industry. Therefore, the work addresses these fundamental business questions: 1) Candissatisfied customers be classified based on data that is produced during every service visit? 2) Can the dissatisfaction indicators be derived from service process data? A machine learning problem is set up that compared 5 classifiers and analyzed data from 19,008 real service visits from an automotive company. The 105 extracted features were drawn from the most significant available sources: warranty, diagnostic, dealer system and general vehicle data. The best result for customer dissatisfaction classification was 88.8% achieved with the SVM classifier (RBF kernel). Furthermore, the 46 most potential indicators for dissatisfaction were identified by the evolutionary feature selection. Our system was capable of classifying customer dissatisfaction solely based on the objective data that is generated by almost every service visit. As the amount of these data is continuously growing, we expect that the presented data-driven approach can achieve even better results in the future with a higher amount of data.
Geoengineering: A humanitarian concern
Authors: Suarez Pablo , van Aalst Maarten K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe humanitarian sector is active at the global frontline of climate impacts, and has a track record in influencing the climate change policy agenda. Geoengineering is a humanitarian concern: the potential for deliberate large‐scale intervention in the Earth's climate system has major implications in terms of impacts on the most vulnerable. Yet, so far the humanitarian community has largely been absent from geoengineering deliberations. Geoengineering may be perceived as too theoretical, too complex, and not imminent enough to merit attention. However, early engagement by the sector is imperative to ensure that humanitarian considerations are integrated into policy decisions. Those who can suffer the worst outcomes need to be involved; especially given the plausibility of “predatory geoengineering” where recklessly self‐concerned actions may result in harmful consequences to others. This paper explores the humanitarian dimensions of geoengineering, specifically relating to solar radiation management (SRM). Drawing from the engagement of the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre in SRM discussions, we discuss how to improve linkages between science, policy and humanitarian practice. We further propose the creation of a geoengineering risk management framework to ensure that the interests of the most vulnerable are considered and addressed ‐ including the voices of all stakeholders.