bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do large‐seeded herbs have a small range size? The seed mass–distribution range trade‐off hypothesis
Authors: Sonkoly Judit , Deák Balázs , Valkó Orsolya , Molnár V. Attila , Tóthmérész Béla , Török Péter 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe aimed to introduce and test the “seed mass–distribution range trade‐off” hypothesis, that is, that range size is negatively related to seed mass due to the generally better dispersal ability of smaller seeds. Studying the effects of environmental factors on the seed mass and range size of species, we also aimed to identify habitats where species may be at risk and need extra conservation effort to avoid local extinctions. We collected data for seed mass, global range size, and indicators for environmental factors of the habitat for 1,600 species of the Pannonian Ecoregion (Central Europe) from the literature. We tested the relationship between species’ seed mass, range size, and indicator values for soil moisture, light intensity, and nutrient supply. We found that seed mass is negatively correlated with range size; thus, a seed mass–distribution range trade‐off was validated based on the studied large species pool. We found increasing seed mass with decreasing light intensity and increasing nutrient availability, but decreasing seed mass with increasing soil moisture. Range size increased with increasing soil moisture and nutrient supply, but decreased with increasing light intensity. Our results supported the hypothesis that there is a trade‐off between seed mass and distribution range. We found that species of habitats characterized by low soil moisture and nutrient values but high light intensity values have small range size. This emphasizes that species of dry, infertile habitats, such as dry grasslands, could be more vulnerable to habitat fragmentation or degradation than species of wet and fertile habitats. The remarkably high number of species and the use of global distribution range in our study support our understanding of global biogeographic processes and patterns that are essential in defining conservation priorities.
The extracellular membrane‐proximal domain of membrane‐bound IgE restricts B cell activation by limiting B cell antigen receptor surface expression
Authors: Vanshylla Kanika , Opazo Felipe , Gronke Konrad , Wienands Jürgen , Engels Niklas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractImmunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies are key mediators of allergic reactions. Due to their potentially harmful anaphylactic properties, their production is tightly regulated. The membrane‐bound isoform of IgE (mIgE), which is an integral component of the B cell antigen receptor, has been shown to be critical for the regulation of IgE responses in mice. In primate species including humans, mIgE can be expressed in two isoforms that are produced by alternative splicing of the primary ε Ig heavy chain transcript, and differ in the absence or presence of an extracellular membrane‐proximal domain (EMPD) consisting of 52 amino acids. However, the function of the EMPD remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the EMPD restricts surface expression of mIgE‐containing BCRs in human and murine B cells. The EMPD does not interfere with BCR assembly but acts as an autonomous endoplasmic reticulum retention domain. Limited surface expression of EMPD‐containing mIgE‐BCRs caused impaired activation of intracellular signaling cascades and hence represents a regulatory mechanism that may control the production of potentially anaphylactic IgE antibodies in primate species.
IL‐22 neutralizing autoantibodies impair fungal clearance in murine oropharyngeal candidiasis model
Authors: Bichele Rudolf , Kärner Jaanika , Truusalu Kai , Smidt Imbi , Mändar Reet , Conti Heather R. , Gaffen Sarah L. , Peterson Pärt , Laan Martti , Kisand Kai 
Published: November 2017

AbstractProtection against mucocutaneous candidiasis depends on the T helper (Th)17 pathway, as gene defects affecting its integrity result in inability to clear Candida albicans infection on body surfaces. Moreover, autoantibodies neutralizing Th17 cytokines have been related to chronic candidiasis in a rare inherited disorder called autoimmune polyendocriopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) caused by mutations in autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. However, the direct pathogenicity of these autoantibodies has not yet been addressed. Here we show that the level of anti‐IL17A autoantibodies that develop in aged Aire‐deficient mice is not sufficient for conferring susceptibility to oropharyngeal candidiasis. However, patient‐derived monoclonal antibodies that cross‐react with murine IL‐22 increase the fungal burden on C. albicans infected mucosa. Nevertheless, the lack of macroscopically evident infectious pathology on the oral mucosa of infected mice suggests that additional susceptibility factors are needed to precipitate a clinical disease.
HPLC‐DAD, ESI–MS/MS, and NMR of Lycopene Isolated From P. guajava L. and Its Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Amorim Adriany G. N. , Souza Jessica M. T. , Santos Raimunda C. , Gullón Beatriz , Oliveira Ana , Santos Luiz F. A. , Virgino Adamor L. E. , Mafud Ana C. , Petrilli Helena M. , Mascarenhas Yvonne P. , Delerue‐Matos Cristina , Pintado Manuela E. , Leite José R. S. A. 
Published: November 2017

Psidium guajava L. have been reported to be a rich source of antioxidant compounds. Its carotenoids have been highlighted by their high antioxidant capacity, which offers several benefits for human health. In this sense, lycopene isomers need to be identified. In this work, the comprehensive chemical characterization, by HPLC‐DAD, MS/MS, and NMR, of lycopene isolated from P. guajava L., antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of lycopene extracts and isolated lycopene are evaluated. The FTIR results reported a structure with Z configuration, confirmed by UV‐Vis, with λmax = 448, 473, and 505 nm for 5‐Z lycopene. Furthermore, MS/MS positive ionization shows one fragment m/z 309 [M‐227]+, relatively abundant for isolated lycopene. Experimental and Theoretical NMR studies revealed that guava may contain 5‐Z lycopene because of the similarity found among the peaks. Lycopene extracts presented higher antioxidant activity than isolated lycopene, from both P. guajava L. and tomato, when measured by ABTS and ORAC (r2 = 0.9995 and r2 = 0.9992, respectively). In addition, lycopene extract shows antibacterial efficacy against E. coli, S. aureus, and L. innocua, presenting MBC values of 20 mg mL−1. These results suggest that lycopene extract have potential applicability for food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industry.Practical Applications: Lycopene from P. guajava L. is characterized by HPLC‐DAD, MS, NMR, FTIR, and X‐Ray, presented antioxidant capacity by ORAC and antibacterial efficacy against food pathogens.Lycopene is isolated from P. guajava L., and lycopene extracts produced are characterized by HPLC‐DAD and ESI‐MS/MS. Lycopene isolated from P. guajava L. following the process may be 5‐Z isomer of lycopene.
Righteous or self‐righteous anger? Justice sensitivity moderates defensive outrage at a third‐party harm‐doer
Authors: Rothschild Zachary K. , Keefer Lucas A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhile bystanders' outrage over moral transgressions may represent a genuine desire to restore justice, such expressions can also be self‐serving—alleviating guilt and bolstering one's moral status. Four studies examined whether individual differences in observer justice sensitivity (JSO) moderate the degree to which outrage at third‐party harm‐doing reflects concerns about one's own moral identity rather than justice per se. Among participants low (vs. high) in JSO, feelings of guilt predicted greater outrage and desire to punish a corporation's sweatshop labor practices (Studies 1 & 2). Furthermore, affirming one's personal moral identity reduced outrage and support for punishing a corporate harm‐doer among those low, but not high in JSO (Studies 3 & 4). Similar moderation was absent for other forms of justice sensitivity and just world beliefs. Effects were not explained by negative affect, empathy, personal harm, or political orientation. Results suggest that JSO uniquely differentiates defensive and justice‐driven moral outrage (150/150).
iObjectify: Self‐ and other‐objectification on Grindr, a geosocial networking application designed for men who have sex with men
Authors: Anderson Joel R. , Holland Elise , Koc Yasin , Haslam Nick 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGrindr is a smartphone application for men who have sex with men (MSM). Despite its reputation as a ‘hook‐up app’, little is known about its users' self‐presentation strategies and how this relates to objectification. This article explores objectification on Grindr. The results of Study 1 showed that Grindr users objectified other men more than non‐Grindr users. A content analysis of 1400 Grindr profiles in Study 2 showed that profile pictures with objectifying content were related to searching for sexual encounters. Finally, a survey of Grindr users in Study 3 revealed that objectification processes and sexualized profile pictures were related to some objectification‐relevant online behaviors (e.g., increased use of Grindr, discussion of HIV status). Interestingly, the presence of body focused profile content was more related to sexual orientation disclosure (not being ‘out’) than to objectification. This article presents evidence that Grindr usage and online presentation are related to objectification processes.
The Daily Erosion Project – daily estimates of water runoff, soil detachment, and erosion
Authors: Gelder Brian , Sklenar Tim , James David , Herzmann Daryl , Cruse Richard , Gesch Karl , Laflen John 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWater runoff and sediment transport from agricultural uplands are substantial threats to water quality and sustained crop production. To improve soil and water resources, farmers, conservationists, and policy‐makers must understand how landforms, soil types, farming practices, and rainfall interact with water runoff and soil erosion processes. To that end, the Iowa Daily Erosion Project (IDEP) was designed and implemented in 2003 to inventory these factors across Iowa in the United States. IDEP utilized the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) soil erosion model along with radar‐derived precipitation data and government‐provided slope, soil, and management information to produce daily estimates of soil erosion and runoff at the township scale (93 km2 [36 mi2]). Improved national databases and evolving remote sensing technology now permit the derivation of slope, soil, and field‐level management inputs for WEPP. These remotely sensed parameters, along with more detailed meteorological data, now drive daily WEPP hillslope soil erosion and water runoff estimates at the small watershed scale, approximately 90 km2 (35 mi2), across sections of multiple Midwest states. The revisions constitute a substantial improvement as more realistic field conditions are reflected, more detailed weather data are utilized, hill slope sampling density is an order of magnitude greater, and results are aggregated based on surface hydrology enabling further watershed research and analysis. Considering these improvements and the expansion of the project beyond Iowa it was renamed the Daily Erosion Project (DEP). Statistical and comparative evaluations of soil erosion simulations indicate that the sampling density is adequate and the results are defendable. The modeling framework developed is readily adaptable to other regions given suitable inputs. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Chromium hazard and risk assessment: New insights from a detailed speciation study in a standard test medium
Authors: Aharchaou Imad , Py Jean-Sébastien , Cambier Sébastien , Loizeau Jean-Luc , Cornelis Geert , Rousselle Philippe , Battaglia Eric , Vignati Davide A.L. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Despite the consensus about the importance of chemical speciation in controlling the bioavailability and ecotoxicity of trace elements, detailed speciation studies during laboratory ecotoxicity testing remain scarce, contributing to uncertainty when extrapolating laboratory findings to real field situations in risk assessment. We characterized the speciation and ecotoxicological effects of chromium (CrIII and CrVI) in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) medium for algal ecotoxicity testing. Total and dissolved (&lt; 0.22 μm) Cr concentrations showed little variability in media spiked with CrVI, whereas dissolved Cr concentration decreased by as much as 80% over a 72-h time period in medium amended with CrIII. Analyses by ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS) highlighted the absence of redox interconversion between CrIII or CrVI both in the presence and absence of algal cells (Raphidocelis subcapitata). Furthermore, the concentration of ionic CrIII dropped below detection limits in less than 2 h with the corresponding formation of carbonate complexes and Cr hydroxides. Precipitation of CrIII in the form of colloidal particles of variable diameters was confirmed by nanoparticle (NP) tracking analysis, single particle ICP-MS, and single particle counting. In terms of time-weighted dissolved (&lt; 0.22 μm) Cr concentration, CrIII was 4 to 10 times more toxic than CrVI. However, CrIII ecotoxicity could arise from interactions between free ionic CrIII and algae at the beginning of the test, from the presence of Cr-bearing NPs, or from a combination of the 2. Future ecotoxicological studies must pay more attention to Cr speciation to reliably compare the ecotoxicity of CrIII and CrVI. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:983–992. © 2017 SETAC
Sewage sludge biochars management—Ecotoxicity, mobility of heavy metals, and soil microbial biomass
Authors: Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika , Gondek Krzysztof , Klimkowicz-Pawlas Agnieszka , Baran Agnieszka , Bajda Tomasz 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Production of biochar from sewage sludge may be a promising solution for sewage sludge management and improvement of soil properties, including carbon dioxide sequestration. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of biochars derived from different sewage sludges on soil physicochemical and biological properties, ecotoxicity, and plant yield. Three biochars (produced at a temperature of 300 °C) were applied into sandy acid soil in doses of 0.5, 1, and 2% (w/w). Depending on the type and dose, the application of sewage sludge biochars into the soil caused diverse effects on the parameters of soil biological activity (microbial biomass [Cmic], soil respiration, and value of metabolic quotient). No correlation between the applied dose of biochars and inhibition of Vibrio fischeri luminescence was observed. The factor with a stronger impact on the activity of V. fischeri was the type of biochar. The use of the OSTRACODTOXKIT F test (MicroBioTests) showed that the addition of sewage sludge biochar (regardless of its dose) reduced the soil toxicity to Heterocypris incongruens compared with the control soil. A significant increase of Poa pratensis L. biomass was obtained in soils with 1 and 2% additions of each of the biochars. The addition of biochars in doses of 1 and 2% to the soil had greater effect on the content of mobile forms of Cu, Pb, and Cd than the 0.5% dose compared with the control. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1197–1207. © 2017 SETAC
Abstract
Long‐term sediment yield from a small catchment in southern Brazil affected by land use and soil management changes
Authors: Minella Jean P.G. , Merten Gustavo H. , Barros Claúdia A.P. , Ramon Rafael , Schlesner Alexandre , Clarke Robin T. , Moro Michele , Dalbianco Leandro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSediments produced from eroding cultivated land can cause on‐site and off‐site effects that cause considerable economic and social impacts. Despite the importance of soil conservation practices (SCP) for the control of soil erosion and improvements in soil hydrological functions, limited information is available regarding the effects of SCP on sediment yield (SY) at the catchment scale. This study aimed to investigate the long‐term relationships between SY and land use, soil management, and rainfall in a small catchment. To determine the effects of anthropogenic and climatic factors on SY, rainfall, streamflow, and suspended sediment concentration were monitored at 10‐min intervals for 14 years (2002–2016), and the land use and soil management changes were surveyed annually. Using a statistical procedure to separate the SY effects of climate, land use, and soil management, we observed pronounced temporal effects of land use and soil management changes on SY. During the first 2 years (2002–2004), the land was predominantly cultivated with tobacco under a traditional tillage system (no cover crops and ploughed soil) using animal traction. In that period, the SY reached approximately 400 t·km−2·year−1. From 2005 to 2009, a soil conservation programme introduced conservation tillage and winter cover crops in the catchment area, which lowered the SY to 50 t·km−2·year−1. In the final period (2010–2016), the SCP were partially abandoned by farmers, and reforested areas increased, resulting in an SY of 150 t·km−2·year−1. This study also discusses the factors associated with the failure to continue using SCP, including structural support and farmer attitudes.
Treatment of acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in the U.S. remains heterogeneous: Current and future points of clinical equipoise
Authors: Mazepa Marshall A. , Raval Jay S. , Brecher Mark E. , Park Yara A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this survey was to describe current practices in the U.S. for treatment of acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP), compare these with prior U.S. and current Canadian practices, and identify areas of clinical equipoise.Study design and methodsA research team member administered the survey by telephone. Questions included an estimate of the annual patient volume treated, apheresis and medical therapy practices for acquired TTP.Results32 centers from 22 states were surveyed. ADAMTS13 activity is used for confirmation of the diagnosis of acquired TTP (97%). Most commonly, daily plasma exchange (therapeutic plasma exchange [TPE]) is initiated with plasma as replacement fluid (91%) at 1.0 Plasma Volume (72%) and stopped with a platelet count of 150 × 109/L (66%), and then TPE is tapered off (69%). Compared with a U.S. survey from 1998, a greater proportion of centers use plasma exclusively as the replacement fluid exclusively (29/32 vs 2/14 in 1998; P < .0001) and taper TPE (22/32 vs 8/20 in 1998, P = .0499). Compared with Canadian survey in 2016, a greater proportion of U.S. centers use plasma over cryosupernatant (29/32 vs 2/13 CAG centers, P < .0001) and initiate TPE with 1.0 PV compared with 1.5 PV (23/32 vs 0/14 CAG centers, P < .0001). Corticosteroid use is common but not universal (U.S. and CAG) and use of rituximab heterogeneous.ConclusionTreatment of acquired TTP in the U.S. remains heterogeneous. Points of clinical equipoise identified were PV exchanged (1.0 vs >1.0), tapering of TPE versus none, and rituximab use.
Seeing is believing: A review of apheresis therapy in the treatment of ophthalmologic disease
Authors: Graham Brendan C. , Pulido Jose S. , Winters Jeffrey L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractApheresis procedures have a role in treatment of disparate diseases involving many different organ systems. Often the disease processes where apheresis plays a role in treatment are considered “orphan diseases”—relatively rare disease processes that lack specific pharmaceutical agents or established treatment protocols. Many of these disease processes can affect the eye with devastating results for the eyesight of these patients. The unique ability of apheresis to affect disease by modifying blood plasma and modulating disease‐causing agents therein renders apheresis procedures valuable tools in the treatment of certain ophthalmologic diseases. This review comprehensively evaluates the role of apheresis in the treatment of ophthalmologic diseases of the eye and surrounding orbit including age‐related macular degeneration, bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation, paraneoplastic retinopathy, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, sympathetic ophthalmia, and endocrine‐associated ophthalmopathy. Apheresis procedure parameters are provided for the apheresis practitioner based on review of the relevant literature.
Skeletal muscle performance and ageing
Authors: Tieland Michael , Trouwborst Inez , Clark Brian C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe world population is ageing rapidly. As society ages, the incidence of physical limitations is dramatically increasing, which reduces the quality of life and increases healthcare expenditures. In western society, ~30% of the population over 55 years is confronted with moderate or severe physical limitations. These physical limitations increase the risk of falls, institutionalization, co‐morbidity, and premature death. An important cause of physical limitations is the age‐related loss of skeletal muscle mass, also referred to as sarcopenia. Emerging evidence, however, clearly shows that the decline in skeletal muscle mass is not the sole contributor to the decline in physical performance. For instance, the loss of muscle strength is also a strong contributor to reduced physical performance in the elderly. In addition, there is ample data to suggest that motor coordination, excitation–contraction coupling, skeletal integrity, and other factors related to the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems are critically important for physical performance in the elderly. To better understand the loss of skeletal muscle performance with ageing, we aim to provide a broad overview on the underlying mechanisms associated with elderly skeletal muscle performance. We start with a system level discussion and continue with a discussion on the influence of lifestyle, biological, and psychosocial factors on elderly skeletal muscle performance. Developing a broad understanding of the many factors affecting elderly skeletal muscle performance has major implications for scientists, clinicians, and health professionals who are developing therapeutic interventions aiming to enhance muscle function and/or prevent mobility and physical limitations and, as such, support healthy ageing.