bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diving behavior in a free‐living, semi‐aquatic herbivore, the Eurasian beaver Castor fiber
Authors: Graf Patricia Maria , Wilson Rory Paul , Sanchez Lea Cohen , Hacklӓnder Klaus , Rosell Frank 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSemi‐aquatic mammals have secondarily returned to the aquatic environment, although they spend a major part of their life operating in air. Moving both on land, as well as in, and under water is challenging because such species are considered to be imperfectly adapted to both environments. We deployed accelerometers combined with a depth sensor to study the diving behavior of 12 free‐living Eurasian beavers Castor fiber in southeast Norway between 2009 and 2011 to examine the extent to which beavers conformed with mass‐dependent dive capacities, expecting them to be poorer than wholly aquatic species. Dives were generally shallow (<1 m) and of short duration (<30 s), suggesting that the majority of dives were aerobic. Dive parameters such as maximum diving depth, dive duration, and bottom phase duration were related to the effort during different dive phases and the maximum depth reached. During the descent, mean vectorial dynamic body acceleration (VeDBA—a proxy for movement power) was highest near the surface, probably due to increased upthrust linked to fur‐ and lung‐associated air. Inconsistently though, mean VeDBA underwater was highest during the ascent when this air would be expected to help drive the animals back to the surface. Higher movement costs during ascents may arise from transporting materials up, the air bubbling out of the fur, and/or the animals’ exhaling during the bottom phase of the dive. In a manner similar to other homeotherms, beavers extended both dive and bottom phase durations with diving depth. Deeper dives tended to have a longer bottom phase, although its duration was shortened with increased VeDBA during the bottom phase. Water temperature did not affect diving behavior. Overall, the beavers’ dive profile (depth, duration) was similar to other semi‐aquatic freshwater divers. However, beavers dived for only 2.8% of their active time, presumably because they do not rely on diving for food acquisition.
V‐set and Ig domain‐containing 4 (VSIG4)‐expressing hepatic F4/80+ cells regulate oral antigen‐specific responses in mouse
Authors: Shin Wonhwa , Jeon Youkyoung , Choi Inhak , Kim Yeon‐Jeong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOral tolerance can prevent unnecessary immune responses against dietary antigens. Members of the B7 protein family play critical roles in the positive and/or negative regulation of T cell responses to interactions between APCs and T cells. V‐set and Ig domain‐containing 4 (VSIG4), a B7‐related co‐signaling molecule, has been known to act as a co‐inhibitory ligand and may be critical in establishing immune tolerance. Therefore, we investigated the regulation of VSIG4 signaling in a food allergy and experimental oral tolerance murine models. We analyzed the contributions of the two main sites involved in oral tolerance, the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and the liver, in VSIG4‐mediated oral tolerance induction. Through the comparative analysis of major APCs, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, we found that Kupffer cells play a critical role in inducing regulatory T cells (Tregs) and establishing immune tolerance against oral antigens via VSIG4 signaling. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility of VSIG4 signaling‐based regulation of orally administered antigens.
Fast and Selective Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen, Aspirin and Caffeine in Pharmaceutical Products by Batch Injection Analysis with Multiple Pulse Amperometric Detection
Authors: Machado Alencar Letícia , Backes dos Santos Rafael , de Jesus Guedes Tiago , Torres Pio dos Santos Wallans , Batista Gomes de Souza João , Souza Ferreira Valdir , Amorim Bezerra da Silva Rodrigo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this work is presented a method for simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PA), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and caffeine (CA) in pharmaceutical tablets, using a bare boron‐doped diamond working electrode (BDDE) coupled to batch injection analysis system with multiple pulse amperometric detection (BIA‐MPA). The optimized sequence of fast potential pulses were applied on BDDE for acquisition of independent amperograms: +1.0 V for PA oxidation, +1.3 V for oxidation of PA and salicylic acid (SA) generated from a previous alkaline hydrolysis of ASA and +1.6 V in which the three analytes are oxidized (PA, SA and CA). Selective determination of PA is performed using the currents obtained at +1.0 V, while SA and CA signals are indirectly obtained using simple subtraction operations between peak currents from each amperogram and correction factors (CF's). The limitations of such approach on the precision and accuracy as function of BIA‐MPA conditions are discussed. Simultaneous determination of the target drugs in pharmaceutical tablets was performed by BIA‐MPA and the results compared to a HPLC‐DAD method. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method exhibits fast responses (180 injections per hour for the simultaneous determination of the three analytes) and suitable precision (RSDPA: 0.78 %; RSDSA: 1.09 %; RSDCA: 2.73 %). BIA‐MPA method is simple, portable and presents relative low‐cost.
Petrogenesis of the Fe–P–REE mineralized Shangzhuang ultramafic intrusion in the Lajishan tectonic belt, South Qilian Belt: Implications for mantle metasomatism and tectonic setting
Authors: Wang Mengxi , Jiang Changyi , Xia Mingzhe , Du Wei 
Published: December 2017

The Shangzhuang ultramafic intrusion in the Lajishan tectonic belt, South Qilian Belt, is mainly composed of serpentinite, biotite clinopyroxenite, apatite clinopyroxenite, and hornblendite. Zircon grains selected from biotite clinopyroxenite have distinctly oscillatory and sector zoning and yield a weighted average 206Pb/238U age of 492.6 ± 4.1 Ma, which can be considered as the crystallization age of the Shangzhuang intrusion. Initial 206Pb/204Pb and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the intrusion suggest an enriched mantle I source origin. Rocks from the intrusion have Rb/Cs from 16 to 29 and Nb/U from 0.2 to 11.7, different from mid‐ocean ridge basalt and ocean island basalt from the convecting mantle, suggesting a subcontinental lithospheric mantle source. In comparison with Sr–Nd isotopes of the regional 456‐ to 441‐Ma mafic intrusions and basic volcanic rocks, a gradually decreasing trend of εNd(t) values from +0.90 via −0.86 to −2.57 from 493 to 441 Ma argued that the subcontinental lithospheric mantle source of the Shangzhuang intrusion was progressively enriched by mantle metasomatism in the Early Palaeozoic. The elevated (Tb/Yb)N ratios of the Shangzhuang intrusion and positive correlations between light rare earth elements (La and Nd) and P2O5 of metamorphosed basalts from the regional Hualong Group imply that the source region was an apatite‐bearing garnet‐facies peridotite as a result of modal metasomatism. In general, the Shangzhuang intrusion was formed due to the northward subduction of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean underneath the Qilian Block during late Cambrian. Together with the ~491‐Ma regional ophiolites, we suggest that the Early Palaeozoic magmatism in the Lajishan belt was formed in a subduction zone, rather than intracontinental rifting or mantle plume settings.
Performance analysis of brain tissues and tumor detection and grading system using ANFIS classifier
Authors: Herald Anantha Rufus N. , Selvathi D. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAbnormal growth of cells in brain leads to the formation of tumors, which are categorized into benign and malignant. In this article, Co‐Active Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (CANFIS) classification based brain tumor detection and its grading system is proposed. It has two phases as brain tumor segmentation and brain tissue segmentation. In brain tumor segmentation, CANFIS classifier is used to classify the test brain image into benign or malignant. Then, morphological operations are applied over the malignant image in order to segment the tumor regions in brain image. The K‐means classifier is used to classify the brain tissues into Grey Matter (GM), White Matter (WM) and Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF) regions as three different classes. Next, the segmented tumor is graded as mild, moderate or severe based on the presence of segmented tumor region in brain tissues.
A novel brain image enhancement method based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform
Authors: Li Liangliang , Si Yujuan , Jia Zhenhong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this article, a novel brain image enhancement approach based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) is proposed. First, the image is decomposed into a low‐frequency component and several high‐frequency components by the NSCT; Second, the gamma correction is applied to deal with the low‐frequency sub‐band coefficients, and the adaptive threshold is used to remove the noise of the high‐frequency sub‐bands coefficients; Third, the inverse nonsubsampled contourlet transform is adopted to reconstruct the processed coefficients; Finally, the unsharp filter is used to enhance the reconstructed image. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed method is superior to the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in terms of brain image enhancement.
Rs4705342 polymorphism is involved in the tumorigenesis of HBV positive HCC by altering the binding affinity of HBV induced NF‐kB with the promoter region of microRNA‐143
Authors: Yin Xiuli , Sun Shiying , Zhao Junyan , Yang Jing , Lei Xiaofei , Xu Changqing , Li Kun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to explore the role of rs4705342 located in the miR‐143 promoter in relation to the control of HBV positive HCC and the underlying molecular mechanism. A luciferase assay was performed to explore the factors which influenced miR‐143 transcription activity and the target gene of miR‐143. This would further be confirmed by ChIP assay. Western blot and real‐time PCR were performed to identify the relationship between miR‐143 and ORP8. Luciferase activity of miR‐143 SNP was increased with the presence of C allele. The presence of T allele partially restored the transcription ability. NF‐κB displayed a much higher degree of luciferase activity in relation to the cells transfected with vectors containing either T or C allele rather than control cells with a greater extent in C allele group than T allele group. At the same time, ChIP assay indicated that the affinity of NF‐ΚB in the miR‐143 promoter was higher in C/C cells. The over‐expression of HBX promotes NF‐kB expression thus increasing the extent of binding of NF‐kB on the CC allele of the miR‐143 promoter. The binding is also abolished by NF‐kB siRNA. ORP8 was proven to be a target gene of miR‐143 using bioinformatics algorithm analysis. It was further confirmed by the luciferase assay that miR‐143 substantially inhibited luciferase activities of wild‐type ORP8. However, it did not affect the mutant ORP8. HBx induced by HBV infection up‐regulated miR‐143 expression. NF‐ kB can partially abolish the promotion effect of HBx on the miR‐143 level in cells genotyped as CC but not in cells genotyped as TT. Tissues derived from participants genotyped as CC exhibited a higher level of miR‐143, but a lower level of ORP8. The presence of the minor allele of rs4705342 in the promoter of miR‐143 attenuated the transcription ability. This promoted ORP8 expression and could be a factor contributing to the oncogenesis in HBV positive HCC.
Insulin induces an EMT‐like process in mammary epithelial cells MCF10A
Authors: Rodriguez‐Monterrosas Cecilia , Díaz‐Aragon Ricardo , Leal‐Orta Elizabeth , Cortes‐Reynosa Pedro , Perez Salazar Eduardo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDiabetes mellitus has been related with an increased risk of breast cancer, whereas it has been suggested that links between diabetes mellitus and cancer are hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and chronic inflammation induced by adipose tissue. Contribution of hyperinsulinemia to carcinogenesis is mediated through resistance to endogenous insulin and by exogenous insulin used in treatment. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells are transdifferentiated to a mesenchymal state that has been implicated in cancer progression. However, the role of insulin in EMT process has not been studied in detail. In the present study, we demonstrate that insulin induces downregulation of E‐cadherin expression, accompanied with an increase of N‐cadherin and vimentin expression, and an increase of MMP‐2 and ‐9 secretions. Insulin also induces FAK activation, an increase of NFκB DNA binding activity, migration, and invasion of mammary non‐tumorigenic epithelial cells MCF10A. In addition, migration requires the activity of insulin receptors and insulin‐like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R). In summary, our results demonstrate that insulin induces an EMT‐like process in MCF10A cells.
Effect and mechanism of long noncoding RNAs HOTAIR on occurrence and development of gastric cancer
Authors: Feng Xuan , Huang Suiping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we aimed at looking for the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) abnormally expressed in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and analyzing the association of its expression level with the clinicopathological feature and patient prognosis. The biological function of this lncRNA in occurrence and development of GC was studied in vivo and in vitro. The underlying molecular mechanism was further discussed.MethodsWe investigated the lncRNA expression level in GC tissues and normal gastric mucosa tissues by lncRNA chips analysis. The expression of lncRNA HOTAIR was detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The relationship between HOTAIR expression level and prognosis was investigated by analyzing clinical samples. The influence of HOTAIR downregulation on GC cell proliferation, chemosensitivity, apoptosis, and invasion were determined by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay, flow cytometry analysis, and transwell assay. Tumor xenograft model was developed to study the influence of downregulated HOTAIR on tumor growth and metastasis.ResultslncRNA HOTAIR had an extremely high expression level in GC cells, and predicted poor prognosis in patients. Downregulation of HOTAIR could promote chemosensitivity, induce apoptosis of GC cells, and significantly inhibit GC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionIt was proved that HOTAIR played a positive role in GC occurrence and development according to the study in its mechanism, function, and clinical manifestation so that it could be expected to become a new target in GC prevention and treatment.
Analysing regional climate forcing on historical precipitation variability in Northeast Puerto Rico
Authors: Ramseyer Craig A. , Mote Thomas L. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe tropical forests of northeast Puerto Rico (NE PR) and the Luquillo Mountains (LM) are a large repository for biodiversity and have an important role in regional biogeochemical processes. Precipitation is a key driver of the productivity of these sensitive ecosystems. This study analyses historical precipitation variability from 1985 to 2014 at El Verde Field Station (EVFS) at 380 m on the north facing slope of the LM. The primary objective of this study is to identify atmospheric states that lead to extreme wet/dry conditions at EVFS. This study also investigates how those wet/dry atmospheric states change over the study period through an epoch approach on annual and seasonal timescales.Self‐organizing maps (SOMs) are used to produce atmospheric states from ERA‐Interim low‐tropospheric moisture and circulation variables. These atmospheric states are downscaled to precipitation at the EVFS rain gauge. A probability density function of observed precipitation is calculated for each atmospheric state. Changes in node frequency, which is the number of days mapping to a particular node compared to the total number of days in the temporal period, are used to evaluate changes in wet/dry atmospheric states at EVFS.Results indicate that low‐precipitation days at EVFS are associated with atmospheric states with high 1000–700 hPa bulk wind shear and decreased 700 hPa moisture. Wet days in the study region are associated with moist low‐tropospheric environments with low wind shear. Our results indicate an increased frequency of dry season atmospheric states with lower 700 hPa moisture. Over the study period, the dry season has a decrease in median and extreme precipitation during rainy days (days >0 mm). A decrease in early rainfall season median precipitation on rainy days is observed despite an increase in days with measurable precipitation, likely driven by an increase in light rainfall days (<5 mm).
Capturing the two‐way hydromechanical coupling effect on fluid‐driven fracture in a dual‐graph lattice beam model
Authors: Ulven Ole Ivar , Sun WaiChing 
Published: December 2017

SummaryFluid‐driven fractures of brittle rock is simulated via a dual‐graph lattice model. The new discrete hydromechanical model incorporates a two‐way coupling mechanism between the discrete element model and the flow network. By adopting an operator‐split algorithm, the coupling model is able to replicate the transient poroelasticity coupling mechanism and the resultant Mandel‐Cryer hydromechanical coupling effect in a discrete mechanics framework. As crack propagation, coalescence and branching are all path‐dependent and irreversible processes, capturing this transient coupling effect is important for capturing the essence of the fluid‐driven fracture in simulations. Injection simulations indicate that the onset and propagation of fractures is highly sensitive to the ratio between the injection rate and the effective permeability. Furthermore, we show that in a permeable rock, the borehole breakdown pressure, the pressure at which fractures start to grow from the borehole, depends on both the given ratio between injection rate and permeability and the Biot coefficient.
Loss of CYLD promotes cell invasion via ALK5 stabilization in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shinriki Satoru , Jono Hirofumi , Maeshiro Manabu , Nakamura Takuya , Guo Jianying , Li Jian‐Dong , Ueda Mitsuharu , Yoshida Ryoji , Shinohara Masanori , Nakayama Hideki , Matsui Hirotaka , Ando Yukio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a very poor prognosis because of its highly invasive nature, and the 5‐year survival rate has not changed appreciably for the past 30 years. Although cylindromatosis (CYLD), a deubiquitinating enzyme, is thought to be a potent tumour suppressor, its biological and clinical significance in OSCC is largely unknown. This study aimed to clarify the roles of CYLD in OSCC progression. Our immunohistochemical analyses revealed significantly reduced CYLD expression in invasive areas in OSCC tissues, whereas CYLD expression was conserved in normal epithelium and carcinoma in situ. Furthermore, downregulation of CYLD by siRNA led to the acquisition of mesenchymal features and increased migratory and invasive properties in OSCC cells and HaCaT keratinocytes. It is interesting that CYLD knockdown promoted transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signalling by inducing stabilization of TGF‐β receptor I (ALK5) in a cell autonomous fashion. In addition, the response to exogenous TGF‐β stimulation was enhanced by CYLD downregulation. The invasive phenotypes induced by CYLD knockdown were completely blocked by an ALK5 inhibitor. In addition, lower expression of CYLD was significantly associated with the clinical features of deep invasion and poor overall survival, and also with increased phosphorylation of Smad3, which is an indicator of activation of TGF‐β signalling in invasive OSCC. These findings suggest that downregulation of CYLD promotes invasion with mesenchymal transition via ALK5 stabilization in OSCC cells. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weed resistance to synthetic auxin herbicides
Authors: Busi Roberto , Goggin Danica E , Heap Ian M , Horak Michael J , Jugulam Mithila , Masters Robert A , Napier Richard M , Riar Dilpreet S , Satchivi Norbert M , Torra Joel , Westra Phillip , Wright Terry R 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHerbicides classified as synthetic auxins have been most commonly used to control broadleaf weeds in a variety of crops and in non‐cropland areas since the first synthetic auxin herbicide (SAH), 2,4‐D, was introduced to the market in the mid‐1940s. The incidence of weed species resistant to SAHs is relatively low considering their long‐term global application with 30 broadleaf, 5 grass, and 1 grass‐like weed species confirmed resistant to date. An understanding of the context and mechanisms of SAH resistance evolution can inform management practices to sustain the longevity and utility of this important class of herbicides. A symposium was convened during the 2nd Global Herbicide Resistance Challenge (May 2017; Denver, CO, USA) to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of SAH resistance mechanisms including case studies of weed species resistant to SAHs and perspectives on mitigating resistance development in SAH‐tolerant crops. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Melaleuca alternifoliaand its application against dental plaque and periodontal diseases: A systematic review
Authors: Casarin Maísa , Pazinatto Josiele , Santos Roberto Christ Vianna , Zanatta Fabricio Batistin 
Published: December 2017

This is a systematic review of clinical and laboratory studies evaluating the effect ofMelaleuca alternifoliaon periodontopathogens, dental plaque, gingivitis, periodontitis, and inflammatory responses. The PubMed, Cochrane, Web of science, Bireme, Lilacs, Prospero, Open Grey, and Clinical Trials databases were searched to identify potentially eligible studies through October 2016. Of 1,654 potentially eligible studies, 25 were included in the systematic review. Their methodology was evaluated through the Cochrane Handbook for clinical studies and the GRADE system for in vivo/in vitro studies. Although clinical studies must be interpreted with caution due to methodological limitations, laboratory studies have found promising results. In vitro evidences showed thatM. alternifoliahas bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects against the most prevalent periodontopathogens. Clinical studies found comparable effects to chlorhexidine 0.12% in reducing gingival inflammation, although the antiplaque effect was lower.M. alternifoliaalso showed antioxidant properties, which are beneficial to the host, allied to the reduction on immune‐inflammatory responses to pathogens. This systematic review suggests that theM. alternifoliahas potential anti‐inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which can be easily applied to the periodontal tissues. However, further clinical trials are needed to elucidate the clinical relevance of its application.