bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the rhythmic oscillations of gut bacterial and fungal communities and their rhythmic interactions in male cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Yang Yunpeng , Yu Meiling , Lu Yong , Gao Changshan , Sun Ruxue , Zhang Wanying , Nie Yanhong , Bian Xinyan , Liu Zongping , Sun Qiang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The circadian oscillation of gut microbiota plays vital roles in the normal physiology and health of the host. Although the diurnal oscillation of intestinal bacteria has been extensively studied, little relevant work has been done on intestinal fungi. Besides, the rhythmic correlations between bacterial and fungal microbes are also scarcely reported. Here, we investigated the diurnal oscillations of bacterial and fungal communities in male cynomolgus monkeys by performing 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing. As for bacterial genera, we found that the relative abundance of
Prevotella
, norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, and
Peptococcus
underwent significant changes at ZT12 (19:00) and exhibited obvious rhythmic oscillations. Consequently, most of the bacterial functions varied at ZT12 and were positively correlated with the bacterial genera norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group and
Prevotella
. Among the fungal genera, the relative abundance of
Aspergillus
and
Talaromyces
decreased at ZT18 (1:00) and showed slight rhythmic oscillations. As for the fungal function, the undefined saprotroph showed slight rhythmic oscillation and was positively correlated with the fungal genus
Aspergillus
. Notably, we characterized the correlations between intestinal bacteria and fungi every 6 h over the course of a day and found that the bacterial and fungal microbes interacted closely, with the most bacteria–fungi interactions occurring at ZT12. Our study contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of the diurnal oscillation patterns of bacterial and fungal microbes in male cynomolgus monkeys and uncovered their correlations during a diurnal cycle.

IMPORTANCE
The rhythmic oscillation of gut microbiota can impact the physiology activity and disease susceptibility of the host. Until now, most of the studies are focused on bacterial microbes, ignoring other components of gut microbes, such as fungal microbes (mycobiota). Besides, only few studies have addressed the rhythmic correlations between gut bacteria and fungi. Here, we analyzed the rhythmic oscillations of bacterial and fungal communities in male cynomolgus monkeys by performing 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing. Apart from identifying the rhythmically oscillated bacterial and fungal microbes, we conducted the correlation analysis between these two microbial communities and found that the intestinal bacteria and fungi exhibited close interactions rhythmically, with the most interactions occurring at ZT12. Thus, our study not only investigated the rhythmic oscillations of gut bacterial and fungal communities in male cynomolgus monkeys but also uncovered their rhythmic interactions.
Global prevalence, trend and projection of myopia in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2050: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Jinghong , Pu Yingqi , Chen Jiaqi , Liu Meiling , Ouyang Bowen , Jin Zhengge , Ge Wenxin , Wu Zhuowen , Yang Xiuzhi , Qin Chunsong , Wang Cong , Huang Shan , Jiang Nan , Hu Lixin , Zhang Yushan , Gui Zhaohuan , Pu Xueya , Huang Shaoyi , Chen Yajun 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundMyopia is a pervasive global public health concern, particularly among the younger population. However, the escalating prevalence of myopia remains uncertain. Hence, our research aims to ascertain the global and regional prevalence of myopia, along with its occurrence within specific demographic groups.MethodsAn exhaustive literature search was performed on several databases covering the period from their inception to 27 June 2023. The global prevalence of myopia was determined by employing pooled estimates with a 95% CI, and further analysis was conducted to assess variations in prevalence estimates across different subgroups. Additionally, a time series model was utilised to forecast and fit accurately the future prevalence of myopia for the next three decades.ResultsThis study encompasses a comprehensive analysis of 276 studies, involving a total of 5 410 945 participants from 50 countries across all six continents. The findings revealed a gradual increase in pooled prevalence of myopia, ranging from 24.32% (95% CI 15.23% to 33.40%) to 35.81% (95% CI 31.70% to 39.91%), observed from 1990 to 2023, and projections indicate that this prevalence is expected to reach 36.59% in 2040 and 39.80% in 2050. Notably, individuals residing in East Asia (35.22%) or in urban areas (28.55%), female gender (33.57%), adolescents (47.00%), and high school students (45.71%) exhibit a higher proportion of myopia prevalence.ConclusionThe global prevalence of childhood myopia is substantial, affecting approximately one-third of children and adolescents, with notable variations in prevalence across different demographic groups. It is anticipated that the global incidence of myopia will exceed 740 million cases by 2050.
Relationship between parents’ anxiety, stress, depression and their children’s health-related quality of life and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran
Authors: Liang Tao , Dehghan Mahlagha , Soltanmoradi Yaser , Chukwuere Precious Chibuike , Pakdaman Hassan , khaloobagheri Elham , Kahnooji Mahmood , Seyedbagheri Seyedhamid , Zakeri Mohammad Ali 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundIn late 2019, a new respiratory illness was detected in Wuhan, China and was later designated as COVID-19 by the WHO. Despite international efforts to impose restrictions and quarantine measures, the virus spreads rapidly across the globe. The pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health of both children and parents. This study investigates the relationship between parents’ anxiety, stress and depression, and Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life (CHQol) and externalised behavioural disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study that included 396 parents who have children between the ages of 6 and 18 years old. Sampling was done by designing an online questionnaire that was distributed on social media (WhatsApp and Telegram and native social media, such as Eitaa, Soroush and E-Gap). Inclusion criteria were all citizens living in rural and urban areas of Rafsanjan, citizens living in Rafsanjan city for 1 year and having children aged 6–18 years old. We used a demographic information questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21, CHQol and Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment to collect data.ResultsWe found a positive significant correlation between anxiety (r=0.334), stress (r=0.354), depression (r=0.324) and externalised behavioural disorder (p<0.001). Depression and anxiety predicted 22% of the variance of the CHQol (p<0.001) while age, stress, use of masks and gloves to prevent infection, and anxiety predicted 19% of the variance of externalised behavioural disorder (p<0.001).ConclusionParents experienced high levels of symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression during the COVID-19 outbreak, which can be associated with behavioural disorders in their children and negatively impact their health. Therefore, it is crucial to pay more attention to the mental state of parents and its complications for children.
Identifying serious underlying diagnoses among patients with brief resolved unexplained events (BRUEs): a Canadian cohort study
Authors: Nama Nassr , Lee Zerlyn , Picco Kara , Jin Falla , Bone Jeffrey N , Quet Julie , Foulds Jessica , Gagnon Josée Anne , Novak Chris , Parisien Brigitte , Donlan Matthew , Goldman Ran D , Sehgal Anupam , Kanani Ronik , Holland Joanna , Kyrychenko Polina , Kirolos Nardin , Opotchanova Ioulia , Harnois Émilie , Schacter Alyse , Frizon-Peresa Elisa , Rajasegaran Praveen , Hosseini Parnian , Wyslobicky Melody , Akbaroghli Susan , Nalan Prathiksha , Mahant Sanjay , Tieder Joel , Gill Peter 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo describe the demographics and clinical outcomes of infants with brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE).DesignA retrospective cohort study.Setting11 centres within the Canadian Paediatric Inpatient Research Network.PatientsPatients presenting to the emergency department (ED) following a BRUE (2017–2021) were eligible, when no clinical cause identified after a thorough history and physical examination.Main outcome measuresSerious underlying diagnosis (requiring prompt identification) and event recurrence (within 90 days).ResultsOf 1042 eligible patients, 665 were hospitalised (63.8%), with a median stay of 1.73 days. Diagnostic tests were performed on 855 patients (82.1%), and 440 (42.2%) received specialist consultations. In total, 977 patients (93.8%) were categorised as higher risk BRUE per the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Most patients (n=551, 52.9%) lacked an explanatory diagnosis; however, serious underlying diagnoses were identified in 7.6% (n=79). Epilepsy/infantile spasms were the most common serious underlying diagnoses (2.0%, n=21). Gastro-oesophageal reflux was the most common non-serious underlying diagnosis identified in 268 otherwise healthy and thriving infants (25.7%). No instances of invasive bacterial infections, arrhythmias or metabolic disorders were found. Recurrent events were observed in 113 patients (10.8%) during the index visit, and 65 patients had a return to ED visit related to a recurrent event (6.2%). One death occurred within 90 days.ConclusionsThere is a low risk for a serious underlying diagnosis, where the majority of patients remain without a clear explanation. This study provides evidence-based risk for adverse outcomes, critical information to be used when engaging in shared decision-making with caregivers.
Motor vehicle crash risk after cardioverter-defibrillator implantation: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Staples John A , Daly-Grafstein Daniel , Robinson Isaac , Khan Mayesha , Erdelyi Shannon , Hawkins Nathaniel M , Chan Herbert , Steinberg Christian , Chakrabarti Santabhanu , Krahn Andrew D , Brubacher Jeffrey R 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundLimited empirical evidence informs driving restrictions after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation. We sought to evaluate real-world motor vehicle crash risks after ICD implantation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using 22 years of population-based health and driving data from British Columbia, Canada (2019 population: 5 million). Individuals with a first ICD implantation between 1997 and 2019 were age and sex matched to three controls. The primary outcome was involvement as a driver in a crash that was attended by police or that resulted in an insurance claim. We used survival analysis to compare crash risk in the first 6 months after ICD implantation to crash risk during a corresponding 6-month interval among controls.ResultsA crash occurred prior to a censoring event for 296 of 9373 individuals with ICDs and for 1077 of 28 119 controls, suggesting ICD implantation was associated with a reduced risk of subsequent crash (crude incidence rate, 8.5 vs 10.5 crashes per 100 person-years; adjusted HR (aHR), 0.71; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.83; p<0.001). Results were similar after stratification by primary versus secondary prevention ICD. Relative to controls, ICD patients had more traffic contraventions in the 3 years prior to ICD implantation but fewer contraventions in the 6 months after implantation, suggesting individuals reduced their road exposure (hours or miles driven per week) or drove more conservatively after ICD implantation.ConclusionsCrash risk is lower in the 6 months after ICD implantation than among matched controls, likely because individuals reduced their road exposure in order to comply with contemporary postimplantation driving restrictions. Policymakers might consider liberalisation of postimplantation driving restrictions while monitoring crash rates.
Infrared gravity and a celestial obstruction to monogamy constraints
Authors: Alessio Francesco , Arzano Michele 
Published: September 2024

We argue that gravitational interactions between particles require a departure from the conventional picture of the quantum state of a multiparticle system in terms of tensor products of one-particle states. This modification is essential in order to accommodate the existence of a new boost-like relativistic angular momentum charge which pairs of particles must carry asymptotically due to long-range effects of gravity. These findings challenge conventional assumptions, prompting a re-evaluation of the constraints on quantum entanglement between particle subsystems in a black hole geometry. Honorable Mention in the 2024 Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition
Mechanical Characterization of Electrolyzer Membranes and Components Under Compression
Authors: Arthurs Claire , Kusoglu Ahmet 
Published: September 2024

Proton-exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is a promising technology for producing clean hydrogen by electrochemically splitting water when paired with renewable energy sources. A major roadblock to improving electrolyzer durability is the mechanical degradation of the cell components, which requires an understanding of their mechanical response under device-relevant conditions. However, there is a lack of studies on the mechanical characterization of the PEM and other components, as well as and their interactions. This study aims to address this gap by using a custom-designed testing apparatus to investigate the mechanics of electrolyzer components in uniaxial compression at 25 and 80 °C. Findings show stress-strain response of components have a varying degree of nonlinearity owing to their distinct deformation mechanisms and morphologies, from porous structures to polymers. These results are used to develop an expression for compressive stress-strain response of Nafion membranes and then analyze the deformation of components under applied pressure by using a 1-D spring network model of cell assembly. This work provides a new understanding of mechanical responses of the electrolyzer membrane and cell components, which can help assess material design and cell assembly strategies for improved electrolyzer durability.
Impact of Lipidic Plaque on In-Stent and Stent Edge–Related Events After PCI in Myocardial Infarction: A PROSPECT II Substudy
Authors: Kjøller-Hansen Lars , Maehara Akiko , Kelbæk Henning , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Maeng Michael , Engstrøm Thomas , Fröbert Ole , Persson Jonas , Wiseth Rune , Larsen Alf Inge , Jensen Lisette Okkels , Nordrehaug Jan Erik , Omerovic Elmir , Held Claes , James Stefan , Mintz Gary S. , Ali Ziad A. , Stone Gregg W. , Erlinge David 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Lipid content in untreated nonobstructive coronary artery lesions is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, and residual in-stent or stent edge lipid may worsen outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODS:

Near-infrared spectroscopy-intravascular ultrasound was performed before and after PCI in patients with myocardial infarction. We evaluated the impact of lipid assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (maximal lipid core burden index over 4 mm [maxLCBI
4mm
]) along with intravascular ultrasound information including residual plaque burden on in-stent or edge-related major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in de novo PCI-treated culprit coronary artery lesions. The primary end point was culprit lesion-related MACE (CL-MACE), defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or unstable or progressive angina either requiring revascularization or with rapid lesion progression and classified as in-stent or stent edge–related.

RESULTS:

During a median follow-up of 3.8 years, 25 CL-MACE (11 stent edge–related, 13 in-stent, and 1 in-lesion without a stent) occurred in 1041 PCI-treated lesions in 768 patients. Pre-PCI or post-PCI measures of lipid content were not related to in-stent CL-MACE. However, stent edge–related CL-MACE was increased if both the post-PCI stent edge maxLCBI
4mm
was greater than the upper quartile (108.7) and the stent edge plaque burden was >50% (adjusted odds ratio, 4.11 [95% CI, 1.12–15.2];
P
=0.03).

CONCLUSIONS:
In PROSPECT II (Providing Regional Observations to Study Predictors of Events in the Coronary Tree), CL stent implantation leaving behind greater stent edge–related lipid and uncovered plaque burden was associated with an increased risk of stent edge–related CL-MACE during follow-up. In contrast, CL lipid content was not related to in-stent CL-MACE.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02171065.
Prognostic Value of Murray Law-Based QFR (μQFR)-Guided Virtual PCI in Patients With Physiological Ischemia
Authors: Chen Lianglong , Yan Yuanming , Zhong Jiaxin , Chen Ping , Chen Wei , Xu Chaoxiang , Chen Long , Tu Shengxian , Luo Yukun 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Quantitative flow ratio (QFR)-based virtual percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with improved post-PCI physiological results. Murray law-based QFR (μQFR) is a new method for physiological assessment that has higher feasibility and efficiency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of μQFR-guided virtual PCI in improving post-PCI outcomes.

METHODS:
The QUITE RIGHT study (Quantitative Flow Ratio Virtual Stenting and Angiography Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) is a prospective, multicenter, blinded, randomized, controlled superiority study. Eligible patients were randomized 1:1 to either the μQFR-guided virtual PCI group or the angiography-guided PCI group. The primary end point was the proportion of the target vessels with a post-PCI μQFR ≥0.90, accepted as an optimal post-PCI physiological outcome.

RESULTS:

A total of 622 patients with 666 vessels were enrolled. The optimal physiological outcome was reached more often in the μQFR-guided virtual PCI group (absolute difference, 9.1% [95% CI, 4.53–13.76];
P
<0.001). The μQFR-guided virtual PCI group had a better QFR value, a lower contrast agent dose and x-ray dose, and a more appropriate stent length than the angiography-guided group.

CONCLUSIONS:
The QUITE RIGHT study showed that the μQFR-guided virtual PCI strategy is superior to angiography-guided PCI in terms of physiological outcomes. The μQFR-guided virtual PCI strategy is associated with lower contrast and x-ray doses and a more appropriate stent length.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn/
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2100045452.
Effect of Delayed Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Acute Kidney Injury and Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jia Ping , Ji Qiang , Zou Zhouping , Zeng Qi , Ren Ting , Chen Weize , Yan Zhixin , Shen Daoqi , Li Yang , Peng Fangyuan , Su Ying , Xu Jiarui , Shen Bo , Luo Zhe , Wang Chunsheng , Ding Xiaoqiang 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has 2 time windows for organ protection: acute and delayed. Previous studies have mainly focused on the organoprotective effects of acute RIPC. We aimed to determine whether delayed RIPC can reduce the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and postoperative complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

METHODS:
This prospective, single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial involved 509 patients at high risk for AKI who were scheduled for elective cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients were randomized to receive RIPC (4 cycles of 5-minute inflation and 5-minute deflation on 1 upper arm with a blood pressure cuff) 24 hours before surgery or a sham condition (control group) that was induced by 4 cycles of 5-minute inflation to a pressure of 20 mm Hg followed by 5-minute cuff deflation. The primary end point was the incidence of AKI within the prior 7 days after cardiac surgery. The secondary end points included renal replacement therapy during hospitalization, change in urinary biomarkers of AKI and markers of myocardial injury, duration of intensive care unit stay and mechanical ventilation, and occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and all-cause mortality by day 90.

RESULTS:

A total of 509 patients (mean age, 65.2±8.2 years; 348 men [68.4%]) were randomly assigned to the RIPC group (n=254) or control group (n=255). AKI was significantly reduced in the RIPC group compared with the control group (69/254 [27.2%] versus 90/255 [35.3%]; odds ratio, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.47–1.00];
P
=0.048). There were no significant between-group differences in the secondary end points of perioperative myocardial injury (assessed by the concentrations of cardiac troponin T, creatine kinase myocardial isoenzyme, and NT-proBNP [N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide]), duration of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital, and occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and all-cause mortality by day 90.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery, delayed RIPC significantly reduced the occurrence of AKI.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2000035568.
Kinetics and Prognosis Value of CCL5/RANTES at the Acute Phase of ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Brun Camille , Moulin Florentin , Leboube Simon , Hayek Ahmad , Kaczmarczyk Andrea , Saleh Iyad Abou , Prieur Cyril , Varillon Yvonne , Bonnefoy‐Cudraz Eric , Mewton Nathan O. , Bidaux Gabriel , Crola Da Silva Claire , Paillard Melanie , Ducreux Sylvie , Bochaton Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Background
RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed, and secreted) or CCL5 (CC chemokine ligand 5) is a chemokine that mediates chemotaxis and activation of T cells, monocytes, mast cells, and dendritic cells. It is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including atherosclerosis, but its role at the acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI) is unclear. Our objective is to determine whether the serum level of RANTES is a marker of the severity of acute MI.

Methods and Results

The study included 250 consecutive patients with ST‐segment–elevation MI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in a prospective cohort. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken at 5 time points and ELISA was performed. Major adverse cardiovascular events were prospectively recorded over the 12‐month follow‐up. Serum RANTES level raised from 12.9 (8.0–20.7) ng/mL at H0 to 13.9 (7.4–22.4) ng/mL at H4 and decreased gradually until 1 month at 9.7 (5.4–13.6) ng/mL (
P
<0.0001). RANTES area under the curve (AUC) level was not correlated with infarct size (
r
=−0.03,
P
=0.70) or left ventricular ejection fraction assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (
r
=0.02,
P
=0.80). Patients with a RANTES AUC serum level below the first tertile value of the population (411.0 ng.h.mL
−1
) were more likely to have a major adverse cardiovascular event during the first 12 months after ST‐segment–elevation MI (hazard ratio [HR], 2.9 [1.3–6.6],
P
=0.01). In a multivariable Cox regression analysis, serum level below the first tertile remained associated with an increased risk of experiencing major adverse cardiovascular event during the follow‐up (adjusted HR, 2.6 [1.2–5.8],
P
=0.02).

Conclusions
A low level of circulating RANTES post ST‐segment–elevation MI was associated with an increased risk of experiencing major adverse cardiovascular event and might be a valuable prognostic marker in patients with ST‐segment–elevation MI.