bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenic mycobacteria achieve cellular persistence by inhibiting the Niemann-Pick Type C disease cellular pathway
Authors: Fineran Paul , Lloyd-Evans Emyr , Lack Nathan A. , Platt Nick , Davis Lianne C. , Morgan Anthony J. , Höglinger Doris , Tatituri Raju Venkata V. , Clark Simon , Williams Ian M. , Tynan Patricia , Al Eisa Nada , Nazarova Evgeniya , Williams Ann , Galione Antony , Ory Daniel S. , Besra Gurdyal S. , Russell David G. , Brenner Michael B. , Sim Edith , Platt Frances M. 
Published: June 2017

Background. Tuberculosis remains a major global health concern. The ability to prevent phagosome-lysosome fusion is a key mechanism by which intracellular mycobacteria, includingMycobacterium tuberculosis, achieve long-term persistence within host cells. The mechanisms underpinning this key intracellular pro-survival strategy remain incompletely understood. Host macrophages infected with intracellular mycobacteria share phenotypic similarities with cells taken from patients suffering from Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NPC), a rare lysosomal storage disease in which endocytic trafficking defects and lipid accumulation within the lysosome lead to cell dysfunction and cell death. We investigated whether these shared phenotypes reflected an underlying mechanistic connection between mycobacterial intracellular persistence and the host cell pathway dysfunctional in NPC. Methods. The induction of NPC phenotypes in macrophages from wild-type mice or obtained from healthy human donors was assessed via infection with mycobacteria and subsequent measurement of lipid levels and intracellular calcium homeostasis. The effect of NPC therapeutics on intracellular mycobacterial load was also assessed. Results. Macrophages infected with intracellular mycobacteria phenocopied NPC cells, exhibiting accumulation of multiple lipid types, reduced lysosomal Ca2+levels, and defects in intracellular trafficking. These NPC phenotypes could also be induced using only lipids/glycomycolates from the mycobacterial cell wall. These data suggest that intracellular mycobacteria inhibit the NPC pathway, likely via inhibition of the NPC1 protein, and subsequently induce altered acidic store Ca2+homeostasis. Reduced lysosomal calcium levels may provide a mechanistic explanation for the reduced levels of phagosome-lysosome fusion in mycobacterial infection. Treatments capable of correcting defects in NPC mutant cells via modulation of host cell calcium were of benefit in promoting clearance of mycobacteria from infected host cells. Conclusion. These findings provide a novel mechanistic explanation for mycobacterial intracellular persistence, and suggest that targeting interactions between the mycobacteria and host cell pathways may provide a novel avenue for development of anti-TB therapies.
Putting Australian post-war cookery into perspective: Austerity, economy and creative cooking
Authors: Adams Jillian 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article uses cookbooks and articles published in women’s magazines and the women’s pages of daily newspapers to examine the origins of a persistent memory that the food of 1950s’ childhood was bland and dull. It argues that this memory has been influenced by austerity measures followed by housewives during World War I, the inter-war period and World War II. It concludes that the memory is not reliable, and that food writing of the 1950s shows that during that time Australian housewives were no longer concerned only with economies in the kitchen and that the food from that period was not the dull bland cooking so often recalled.
Morrey spaces and generalized Cheeger sets
Authors: Li Qinfeng , Torres Monica 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe maximize the functional∫Eh⁢(x)⁢𝑑xP⁢(E),\frac{\int_{E}h(x)\,dx}{P(E)},whereE⊂Ω¯{E\subset\overline{\Omega}}is a set of finite perimeter, Ω is an open bounded set with Lipschitz boundary andhis nonnegative. Solutions to this problem are calledgeneralized Cheeger sets in Ω. We show that the Morrey spacesL1,λ⁢(Ω){L^{1,\lambda}(\Omega)},λ≥n-1{\lambda\geq n-1}, are natural spaces to study this problem. We prove that ifh∈L1,λ⁢(Ω){h\in L^{1,\lambda}(\Omega)},λ>n-1{\lambda>n-1}, then generalized Cheeger sets exist. We also study the embedding of Morrey spaces intoLp{L^{p}}spaces. We show that, for any0<λ<n{0<\lambda<n}, the Morrey spaceL1,λ⁢(Ω){L^{1,\lambda}(\Omega)}is not contained in anyLq⁢(Ω){L^{q}(\Omega)},1<q<p=nn-λ{1<q<p=\frac{n}{n-\lambda}}. We also show that ifh∈L1,λ⁢(Ω){h\in L^{1,\lambda}(\Omega)},λ>n-1{\lambda>n-1}, then the reduced boundary in Ω of a generalized Cheeger set isC1,α{C^{1,\alpha}}and the singular set has Hausdorff dimension at mostn-8{n-8}(empty ifn≤7{n\leq 7}). For the critical caseh∈L1,n-1⁢(Ω){h\in L^{1,n-1}(\Omega)}, we demonstrate that this strong regularity fails. We prove that a bounded generalized Cheeger setEinℝn{\mathbb{R}^{n}}withh∈L1⁢(ℝn){h\in L^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}is always pseudoconvex, and any pseudoconvex set is a generalized Cheeger set for someh.
Hristo Botev: The Ekstasis of Non-Belonging and the Route to Modernity
Authors: Kambourov Dimitar 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Bulgarian literature of the 19th century, although widely unknown abroad, is decisive for the formation of Bulgarian national identity. In this respect, the authority of the ‘national poet’ Hristo Botev has been uncontested for 140 years. Botev has created the Bulgarian mytho-poetic narrative and imposed it as a set of political, social and ethical principles, crystalized to a corrective. Yet, Botev’s poetic agenda is contradictory. His nationalism, based on natural belonging to the people, kin and family, is persistently extended towards social criticism and a utopian longing for class equality. Thus, the prior national unity appears subverted: the representatives of the elite are stigmatized as non-belonging to the nation per se, to ‘the people,’ a collective subject, enslaved, suffering, passive, and mute. Such an irresolvable contradiction between the two struggles – for national liberation and for social emancipation – is additionally complicated by Botev’s third, most intimate longing – for personal unbinding that would take the radical form of self-emerging beyond any kinship and class affiliation. Thus, the mytho-poetic figure of an apocalyptic Motherland had to be re-articulated as the eternal ‘There’ of a coveted death. Finally, Botev’s self-victimization, orchestrated as a rebel raid, is his response to the fallen heroes and their failed sacrifice. Bulgaria’s most powerful national poet gave birth to a national myth of the genius who voluntarily gave up poetry and joined the masses by embracing their role of a victim.
Anhp-Hybrid High-Order Method for Variable Diffusion on General Meshes
Authors: Aghili Joubine , Di Pietro Daniele A. , Ruffini Berardo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this work, we introduce and analyze anhp-hybrid high-order (hp-HHO) method for a variable diffusion problem. The proposed method is valid in arbitrary space dimension and for fairly general polytopal meshes. Variable approximation degrees are also supported. We provehp-convergence estimates for both the energy- andL2L^{2}-norms of the error, which are the first of this kind for Hybrid High-Order methods. These results hinge on a novelhp-approximation lemma valid for general polytopal elements in arbitrary space dimension. The estimates are additionally fully robust with respect to the heterogeneity of the diffusion coefficient, and show only a mild dependence on the square root of the local anisotropy, improving previous results for HHO methods. The expected exponential convergence behavior is numerically demonstrated on a variety of meshes for both isotropic and strongly anisotropic diffusion problems.
Search Strategy, Self-Concept and Metacognitive Skills of Secondary School Teachers in Selected Cities in Nigeria and South Africa
Authors: Durodolu Oluwole O. , Ocholla Dennis N. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInformation Literacy (IL) is fundamental for lifelong learning, especially for the teaching profession, where information is critical for imparting knowledge to students who are expected to be creative, critical thinkers and lifelong learners. The study investigates the search strategy, self-concept and metacognitive skills of secondary school teachers in selected cities in Nigeria and South Africa. The study adopted a post-positivist research paradigm combining both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies largely through a multi- case study research design. Data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews, observation and document analysis that included a literature review. The target population was secondary school teachers in Lagos and Durban. The sample for the research was drawn from teachers in government secondary schools in Lagos and Durban. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in the first stage to purposively select samples from the two cities of Lagos and Durban in order to make comparisons. The second stage involved stratified random sampling, and the third stage applied simple random sampling. Literature analysis and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) were used to inform the study. The study revealed the following: (i) teachers in Durban had a higher level of perception of the need for information literacy than their counterparts in Lagos; (ii) electronic information resources were infrequently used by the teachers; (iii) younger teachers tended to possess a higher level of information literacy than their older colleagues, which proves why in-service training is imperative; (iv) female teachers were significantly more information literate than their male counterparts; (v) many of the school libraries seem to have been afterthoughts, and the specifications for library building and planning were not observed as itemized by IFLA library building guidelines; and (vi) interaction and collaboration between teachers and librarians was limited. Recommendations have been made regarding how the issues and challenges could be addressed and solved with IL policy and work shopping of teachers for IL.
The crystal structure of 2,3,5-triphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-ium 2,3-dioxoindoline-5-sulfonate, C27H19N5O5S
Authors: Ghabbour Hazem A. , AlRuqi Obaid S. , Mostafa Gamal A. E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
C27H19N5O5S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.2789(4) Å, b = 27.3722(9) Å, c = 13.0126(4) Å, β = 101.805(2)°, V = 4978.3(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0809, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1705.
Conservation laws, classical symmetries and exact solutions of the generalized KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto equation
Authors: Bruzón Maria S. , Recio Elena , Garrido Tamara M. , Márquez Almudena P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFor a generalized KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto equation we have studied conservation laws by using the multiplier method, and investigated its first-level and second-level potential systems. Furthermore, the Lie point symmetries of the equation and the Lie point symmetries associated with the conserved vectors are determined. We obtain travelling wave reductions depending on the form of an arbitrary function. We present some explicit solutions: soliton solutions, kinks and antikinks.
A Problematic Spouse: A Text-Critical Examination of Merab’s Place in 1 Samuel 18:17–19 and 2 Samuel 21:8
Authors: Hays Rebecca Poe 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung:Im Vergleich zu ihrer Schwester Michal spielt Sauls älteste Tochter Merab eine geringe Rolle in der größeren Davidserzählung. In einigen Versionen der Samuelbücher (zum Beispiel LXX
Rapid Evolution of Ovarian-Biased Genes in the Yellow Fever Mosquito (Aedes aegypti)
Authors: Whittle Carrie A , Extavour Cassandra G 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMales and females exhibit marked differences in phenotypes and gene expression, particularly in the gonads. Genes with male- or testisbiased expression..Males and females exhibit highly dimorphic phenotypes, particularly in their gonads, which is believed to be driven largely by differential gene expression. Typically, the protein sequences of genes upregulated in males, or male-biased genes, evolve rapidly as compared to female-biased and unbiased genes. To date, the specific study of gonad-biased genes remains uncommon in metazoans. Here, we identified and studied a total of 2927, 2013, and 4449 coding sequences (CDS) with ovary-biased, testis-biased, and unbiased expression, respectively, in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. The results showed that ovary-biased and unbiased CDS had higher nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS) and lower optimal codon usage (those codons that promote efficient translation) than testis-biased genes. Further, we observed higher dN/dS in ovary-biased genes than in testis-biased genes, even for genes coexpressed in nonsexual (embryo) tissues. Ovary-specific genes evolved exceptionally fast, as compared to testis- or embryo-specific genes, and exhibited higher frequency of positive selection. Genes with ovary expression were preferentially involved in olfactory binding and reception. We hypothesize that at least two potential mechanisms could explain rapid evolution of ovary-biased genes in this mosquito: (1) the evolutionary rate of ovary-biased genes may be accelerated by sexual selection (including female–female competition or male–mate choice) affecting olfactory genes during female swarming by males, and/or by adaptive evolution of olfactory signaling within the female reproductive system (e.g., sperm-ovary signaling); and/or (2) testis-biased genes may exhibit decelerated evolutionary rates due to the formation of mating plugs in the female after copulation, which limits male–male sperm competition.
Crowdfunding und Crowdinvesting – Sach- und kollisionsrechtliche Einordnung sowie Überlagerung durch die E-Commerce-Richtlinie
Authors: Spindler Gerald 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die im Vordringen befindliche Finanzierungsmöglichkeit des Crowdfundings stößt nicht nur aufgrund ihrer noch nicht abschließend geklärten Rechtsnatur, sondern auch im Hinblick auf die grenzüberschreitenden Sachverhalte, die dem E-Commerce immanent sind, auf zahlreiche Probleme. Im Folgenden soll auf den Rechtsrahmen des Crowdfundings aus deutscher sowie rechtsvergleichender Sicht eingegangen werden; anschließend werden die aufgeworfenen Rechtsfragen vor dem Hintergrund des internationalen Privatrechts beleuchtet.
Mittelstandsanleihen und Marktversagen
Authors: von Randow Philipp 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Unter vielen Beobachtern des Angebots deutscher Mittelstandsanleihen gilt es als ausgemacht, dass es dort zu erheblichen Fehlbepreisungen gekommen ist. Neben einigem anekdotischen Anschauungsmaterial fällt dabei vor allem ins Auge, dass vergleichbar verzinste High-Yield-Anleihen in Europa ihren institutionellen Investoren im selben Zeitraum einen stärkeren Covenantschutz und deutliche geringere Ausfallraten geboten haben. Der Beitrag nimmt das Geschehen am Markt für Mittelstandsanleihen in den Blick und zeigt – unter Verwendung der von Akerlof maßgeblich entwickelten ökonomischen Topoi des „phishing for phools“ und des „market for lemons“ – auf, dass die angesprochenen Retail Investoren aufgrund ihrer, für Anlageentscheidungen ungeeigneten, Alltagsheuristiken anfällig für ein eingängiges Mittelstandsnarrativ waren und deshalb die risikoabsorbierende (First-Loss-)Charakteristik der angebotenen Mittelstandsanleihen als nachrangiges Fremdkapital verkannten. Die gewonnenen Einsichten zeigen für die künftige Reformdiskussion eine neue Richtung auf.
Colistin resistance associated with outer membrane protein change in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter asburiae
Authors: Kádár Béla , Kocsis Béla , Tóth Ákos , Kristóf Katalin , Felső Péter , Kocsis Béla , Böddi Katalin , Szabó Dóra 
Published: June 2017

In this study, outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter asburiae were analyzed. One colistin-susceptible and three colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae sequence type 258 strains as well as one colistin-susceptible E. asburiae and its colistin-heteroresistant counterpart strain were involved in the study. OMP analysis of each strain was performed by microchip method. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) investigation was carried out after separation of OMPs by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and in-gel digestion. The MALDI-TOF/MS analysis of OMPs in the colistin-susceptible K. pneumoniae found 16 kDa proteins belonging to the LysM domain/BON superfamily, as well as DNA starvation proteins, whereas OmpX and OmpW were detected in the colistin-resistant counterpart strains. OmpC and OmpW were detected in the colistin-susceptible E. asburiae, whereas OmpA and OmpX were identified in the colistin-resistant counterpart. This study demonstrated that OMP differences were between colistin-susceptible and -resistant counterpart strains. The altered Gram-negative cell wall may contribute to acquired colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae.
Homilia w osmozie z teologią liturgiczną
Authors: Dyk Stanisław 
Published: June 2017

Nowe Dyrektorium homiletyczne przedstawia homilię jako syntezę słowa Bożego, celebracji liturgicznej i chrześcijańskiego życia (por. DH 12–14). Homilia jawi się tutaj jako przykład syntezy teologicznej bądź też jako przykład syntezy w teologii. W takim ujęciu może być ona uważana za najlepszy przykład zrodzonej w okresie reformy liturgicznej teologii liturgicznej. Osmoza pomiędzy teologią liturgiczną a homilią polega na tym, że obydwie pozostają w funkcji liturgii i jawią się jako teologia z liturgii. W takim ujęciu homilia, podobnie jak teologia liturgiczna, ma cztery podstawowe cele: pozostaje w służbie zbawczemu misterium, tak aby włączyć w nie uczestników celebracji liturgicznej; jest teologiczną syntezą prowadzącą do pełnego poznania misterium Chrystusa; jest syntezą wszystkich dyscyplin teologicznych; jest teologią ortodoksji dla ortopraksji w perspektywie doksologii – żywą teologią zbawczego misterium.
Rola słowa Bożego w modlitwie osobistej i liturgicznej wspólnot cenobickich według „Reguły” Pachomiusza i „Asketikonu” Bazylego Wielkiego
Authors: Ciemała Marianna 
Published: June 2017

Teksty źródłowe dla wczesnego cenobityzmu wskazują, iż codzienny kontakt z Pismem stanowił fundament monastycznej koinônii. Artykuł stanowi próbę ukazania najistotniejszych form obecności słowa Bożego w modlitwie wspólnot pachomiańskich i bazyliańskich oraz ich rolę w formacji mnichów i w rozwoju koinônii. Dla analizy teologicznej wybrane zostały teksty normatywne pierwszych wspólnot cenobickich. W Regule Pachomiusza oraz w Asketikonie Bazylego Wielkiego czytamy o wskazaniach dotyczących nauki modlitwy. Ważnym elementem formacji było pamięciowe opanowanie niektórych ksiąg Pisma Świętego. Praktyka ta umożliwiała braciom czynne zaangażowanie się w modlitwie wspólnotowej i przysposabiała do modlitwy nieustannej (medytacji), polegającej na mówieniu (głośno lub półgłosem) z pamięci słów Pisma lub na czytaniu fragmentów biblijnych z kodeksów i na zgłębianiu ich wewnętrznej treści. W ten sposób słowa Pisma zapamiętane, recytowane i rozważane miały być dla cenobitów pierwszą (niektórzy mówią nawet: jedyną) regułą oraz pokarmem duchowym, koniecznym do życia zgodnym z wolą Boga oraz umacniającym jedność wśród braci.
Katecheza biblijna w parafii skierowana do różnych grup dorosłych
Authors: Stypułkowska Beata 
Published: June 2017

W niniejszym artykule w oparciu o dokumenty kościelne i opracowania katechetyczne przedstawiono zagadnienie duszpasterstwa katechetycznego w parafii, etapy katechezy parafialnej, grupy osób dorosłych objętych katechezą oraz treści katechezy biblijnej w parafii.Najwięcej uwagi poświęcono grupom katechetycznym. Wyróżniono w nich osoby podzielone ze względu na zaangażowanie w sprawy wiary, osoby podzielone ze względu na szczególne sytuacje życiowe oraz inne grupy katechetyczne, czyli rodziców, dorosłych posługujących w liturgii oraz katechetów.Do wszystkich tych grup osób dorosłych powinna być skierowana odpowiednia katecheza, w tym również katecheza biblijna otwierająca na spotkanie z Chrystusem obecnym w słowie Bożym.
Misplacing Nema A Consideration of Some Problematic Aspects of South Africa's New EIA Regulations
Authors: Ridl Jeremy , Couzens Ed 
Published: June 2017

In mid-2006, new Regulations governing environmental impact assessment were published in terms of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998. It is argued in this article that the old Regulations under the Environment Conservation Act 73 of 1989, which were replaced, had proved inadequate not because of any inherent deficiency, but because they were never properly implemented and because they were instead subjected to much inaccurate criticism. The article then canvasses the old Regulations and considers criticisms thereof, before canvassing the new Regulations and assessing differences between the old and the new. Various specific concerns and potential shortcomings are raised and considered; and various interpretations are offered of problematic provisions. A prognosis for the success and/or failure of the new Regulations is then put forward in the context of the South African government's present approach to economic growth, environmental protection and the enforcement of environmental legislation. Finally, it is argued that there are danger signs that the new Regulations will be as misunderstood and misapplied as were the old Regulations and that the fundamental principles of the National Environmental Management Act are likely not to be adhered to in the implementation of the new Regulations.
Unpacking the Public Trust Doctrine: A Journey into Foreign Territory
Authors: Van der Schyff Elmarie 
Published: June 2017

The past decade has borne witness to the transformation of South Africa's natural resources law with the introduction of a new legal concept, that of "public trusteeship", to South African jurisprudence. The concept of "public trusteeship" as it is embodied in South African legislation encapsulates the sovereign's duty to act as guardian of certain interests to the benefit of the nation as a whole. In the quest to demystify the incorporation of the concept of "public trusteeship" in South Africa, this article, as a first tentative step, focuses solely on the public trust doctrine as it functions in American jurisprudence. It is the aim of this article to give a thorough theoretical exposition of the development and application of the public trust doctrine in American jurisprudence in order to provide the South African scholar with a perspective on a legal construct founded on the philosophical notion that governments exercise a "fiduciary trust" on behalf of their people.
Análisis de un edificio histórico usando MEF: El puente La Libertad, en Buga - Valle del Cauca (1874)
Authors: Galindo Díaz Jorge Alberto , Paredes López Jairo Andrés , Mora Méndez Diego Fernando 
Published: June 2017

Este documento presenta parte de los resultados de un proyecto de investigación mucho más amplio que ha reconocido aspectos históricos y técnicos propios de un conjunto de 34 puentes históricos de arco de ladrillo, de los cuales aun existen 20, todos con características geométricas diversas y dimensiones singulares. Se expone el proceso de modelamiento numérico mediante el método de elementos finitos (MEF) adelantado en uno de ellos y se presentan conclusiones que se pueden extender a la casi totalidad de los casos estudiados con el fin de ofrecer nuevas alternativas de análisis a los profesionales interesados en la rehabilitación y conservación del patrimonio arquitectónico e ingenieril colombiano.