bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Damage to the Mechanical Barrier Function of IPEC-J2 Induced by Soybean Allergen β-conglycinin Hydrolyzed Peptides
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Liu Dandan , Zhang Shiyao , Pan Li , Qin Guixin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Three major enzyme-hydrolyzed peptides have been produced after simulative digestion in vitro of soybean β-conglycinin. The intestinal barrier of IPEC-J2 induced by β-conglycinin enzyme-hydrolyzed peptides was evaluated in this study. The increased alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was actually linearly correlated with the incubation time by the hydrolysate, the purified 52 kD peptide, or the mixture of 25 and 30 kD peptides. The MTT and TEER values declined in dose-dependence (0–2 mg/mL, p \lt 0.05) or in time-dependence (2–24 h, p \lt 0.05). After treatment with different hydrolyzed peptides, the tight junction expression of claudin-3, claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1 were reduced (p \lt 0.05). Finally, it is found out that the maximum damage to the epithelial barrier function was induced by the mixture of 25 and 30 kD peptide, whereas the minimum damage was caused by the 52 kD peptide.
Digital Biomass Accumulation Using High-Throughput Plant Phenotype Data Analysis
Authors: Rahaman Md. Matiur , Ahsan Md. Asif , Gillani Zeeshan , Chen Ming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBiomass is an important phenotypic trait in functional ecology and growth analysis. The typical methods for measuring biomass are destructive, and they require numerous individuals to be cultivated for repeated measurements. With the advent of image-based high-throughput plant phenotyping facilities, non-destructive biomass measuring methods have attempted to overcome this problem. Thus, the estimation of plant biomass of individual plants from their digital images is becoming more important. In this paper, we propose an approach to biomass estimation based on image derived phenotypic traits. Several image-based biomass studies state that the estimation of plant biomass is only a linear function of the projected plant area in images. However, we modeled the plant volume as a function of plant area, plant compactness, and plant age to generalize the linear biomass model. The obtained results confirm the proposed model and can explain most of the observed variance during image-derived biomass estimation. Moreover, a small difference was observed between actual and estimated digital biomass, which indicates that our proposed approach can be used to estimate digital biomass accurately.
Cognitive Literary Studies, Historicism, and the History of the Imagination
Authors: Haekel Ralf 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFor the past two decades, the scholarly discussion about the merits of neuroscience and cognitive science for literary studies has been, in Germany at least, a rather heated affair. This debate, however, has been much less interdisciplinary than the subject matter would suggest and has mainly taken placeThe need to historicise this relationship is part of a more encompassing claim. I believe it is necessary to focus on theory not as something external to, but as a self-reflexive aspect of, literature itself. This implies the need to investigate the mind and cognition only if it is part of the literary work’s self-reflexive scope within a given historical context. Historically, this reflexion presupposes a network in which scientific theories of the mind play a key role. My main example is the imagination. In this context, I will also focus on the rejection of dualism, or rather: the way that René Descartes’s philosophy, especially his distinction betweenOne key problem within CLS has been the focus on theThis historicist approach to cognition as a self-reflexive aspect of literature, on the one hand, and a reflection on science, on the other, necessarily implies a rejection of any universalising approach to literary works of art. The theoretical historicism proposed in this paper presupposes a turn towards the time-bound and the particular, and respective conceptualisations of authorship, literary production, and the text itself. In order to make my point, I will focus on one key concept and cognitive faculty in the history of the humanities: the creative imagination. A historical approach to the imagination in the light of cognitive science – such as championed by Alan Richardson and Mark J. Bruhn in the field of Romantic Studies – thus serves as my starting point. To make my argument, I will focus on three historically crucial phases as they are periods of transition both within literary history and the history of science: the early seventeenth century as the beginning of the scientific revolution, the Romantic period as a second scientific revolution, and literary Modernism as the formative phase of our contemporary scientific worldview. All three literary examples – Shakespeare, Coleridge, Joyce – can and must be seen as paradigmatic of their age as well as instrumental in bringing about literary change. At the same time, these examples will serve as flashlights to highlight a general trend.
Feto-maternal osmotic balance at term. A prospective observational study
Authors: Moen Vibeke , Brudin Lars , Tjernberg Ivar , Rundgren Mats , Irestedt Lars 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjective:We performed the present study to investigate the feto-maternal osmotic relationship at term with the hypothesis that, in contrast to the literature, maternal plasma osmolality is lower than fetal levels. In a previous study, we found that maternal plasma sodium at delivery was consistently lower than the sodium in the umbilical artery. Our aim was to corroborate these results with analysis of osmolality.Methods:Blood was sampled from 30 women immediately before cesarean section and from the umbilical artery and vein before cord clamping and osmolality, sodium and albumin were analyzed.Results:Maternal osmolality was (mean; 95% confidence interval) 287.0 (285.8–288.2) mOsmkg/kg, arterial cord osmolality was 289.4 (287.9–291.0) mOsm/kg and venous cord osmolality was 287.3 (286.0–288.5) mOsm/kg. The paired difference between maternal and umbilical arterial osmolality was mean (SD) −2.4 (3.3) mOsm/kg (P<0.001), between maternal and umbilical vein −0.3 (3.0) mOsm/kg (P=0.63) and between umbilical artery and vein −2.1 (2.8) mOsm/kg (P<0.001).Conclusion:Maternal osmolality was significantly lower than arterial cord osmolality confirming our previous results. The feto-maternal osmotic gradient favors water transport from the mother to the fetus and may increase the fetal risk of water intoxication when the mother ingests or is administered large volumes of electrolyte free solutions.
A statistical test for detecting parent-of-origin effects when parental information is missing
Authors: Sacco Chiara , Viroli Cinzia , Falchi Mario 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGenomic imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism that leads to differential contributions of maternal and paternal alleles to offspring gene expression in a parent-of-origin manner. We propose a novel test for detecting the parent-of-origin effects (POEs) in genome wide genotype data from related individuals (twins) when the parental origin cannot be inferred. The proposed method exploits a finite mixture of linear mixed models: the key idea is that in the case of POEs the population can be clustered in two different groups in which the reference allele is inherited by a different parent. A further advantage of this approach is the possibility to obtain an estimation of parental effect when the parental information is missing. We will also show that the approach is flexible enough to be applicable to the general scenario of independent data. The performance of the proposed test is evaluated through a wide simulation study. The method is finally applied to known imprinted genes of the MuTHER twin study data.
Evaluation of apoptotic caspase levels in estimation of the wound age
Authors: Akar Taner , Yar Saglam Atiye Seda , Göçün Pınar Uyar , Alp Ebru , Konac Ece , Menevşe Adnan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to investigate the potential use of the expression of apoptotic signaling pathway genes of rat in skin wound age estimation.

Material and methods
For this purpose, we formed cutting tool injuries using a scalpel in an experimental model. Then, we assessed Caspase 3, 8 and 9 mRNA levels by using quantitative real-time PCR and protein levels by using immunohistochemistry in rat skin wounds. In addition, we used TUNEL assay to detect apoptotic cells.

Results
We observed that Caspase 3 mRNA level significantly increased (2.1±0.4 folds) on day 3 (p<0.05) and Caspase 8 mRNA level significantly increased (1.8±0.2 folds) on day 5 (p<0.05). Caspase 9 mRNA level increased (1.9±0.1 folds) on day 3 and (2.5±0.4 folds) on day 5 (p<0.05). The percentage values of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) and inflammatory mononuclear cells (IMCs) were observed after immunohistochemical staining by Caspase 3, 8, 9 antibodies. Our immunohistochemistry results were found to be consistent with the mRNA results observed. We reported a statistically significant increase in Caspase 3, 8 and 9-positive cells on days 3 and 5 after immunohistochemical staining as well.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that time-dependent features of apoptotic factors might offer a potential tool in estimating wound age.
Single-Step qPCR and dPCR Detection of Diverse CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing Events in Vivo
Authors: Falabella Micol , Sun Linqing , Barr Justin , Pena Andressa Z , Kershaw Erin E , Gingras Sebastien , Goncharova Elena A , Kaufman Brett A 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-based technology is currently the most flexible means to create targeted mutations by recombination or indel mutations by nonhomologous end joining. During mouse transgenesis, recombinant and indel alleles are often pursued simultaneously. Multiple alleles can be formed in each animal to create significant genetic complexity that complicates the CRISPR-Cas9 approach and analysis. Currently, there are no rapid methods to measure the extent of on-site editing with broad mutation sensitivity. In this study, we demonstrate the allelic diversity arising from targeted CRISPR editing in founder mice. Using this DNA sample collection, we validated specific quantitative and digital PCR methods (qPCR and dPCR, respectively) for measuring the frequency of on-target editing in founder mice. We found that locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes combined with an internal reference probe (Drop-Off Assay) provide accurate measurements of editing rates. The Drop-Off LNA Assay also detected on-target CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in blastocysts with a sensitivity comparable to PCR-clone sequencing. Lastly, we demonstrate that the allele-specific LNA probes used in qPCR competitor assays can accurately detect recombinant mutations in founder mice. In summary, we show that LNA-based qPCR and dPCR assays provide a rapid method for quantifying the extent of on-target genome editing in vivo, testing RNA guides, and detecting recombinant mutations.
Polos geradores de viagens e seus impactos na paisagem urbana: um estudo sobre o impacto de um Shopping Center em Goiânia - GO (Brasil)
Authors: Bandeira Ângelica Carvalho , Kneib Erika Cristine 
Published: September 2017

Al tener en cuenta que los Polos Generadores de Viajes (PGVs) sonequipamientos o actividades con una capacidad para producir gran flujo de viajes y generar significativos impactos en las ciudades brasileñas contemporáneas, el artículo tiene como fin desarrollar un procedimiento de análisis del paisaje urbano inmediato impactado por tales emprendimientos o actividades. Para ello, se extraen, de un referencial teórico relacionado, los atributos que componen el paisaje urbano y que, luego, posibilitan evaluar su estado, direccionar soluciones mitigadoras a los aspectos negativos auxiliar en la proyección de escenarios deseables y, aun, ser un instrumento de apoyo al Estudio de Impacto de Vecindad (EIV). Para verificar la aplicabilidad del procedimiento, este se ha empleado en el Centro Comercial Passeio das Águas, en Goiânia (GO, Brasil).
El trabajo docente y las relaciones con el estudiantado desde las representaciones de docente en formación
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Gerardo Ignacio , Jara Amigo Ximena Elizabeth 
Published: September 2017

El escenario actual de postmodernidad le plantea a la formación inicial de docentes el desafío de asegurar una adecuada inserción a contextos escolares altamente tensionados en sus demandas formativas. Esta investigación indaga, las representaciones que profesores en formación desarrollan del trabajo docente y las relaciones con el estudiante de educación primaria. Con un abordaje metodológico cualitativo, de alcance exploratorio – descriptivo, a partir del uso de entrevistas, el trabajo se configuró en una zona de diálogo con 50 estudiantes de pedagogía básica, de las menciones de lenguaje, matemática, ciencias naturales y ciencias sociales de la Universidad Católica del Maule. Los resultados muestran la representación del trabajo docente como una tarea humana dotada de una complejidad que se deriva del requerimiento de integralidad y de las demandas de una sociedad diversa y tecnológica. Se puede concluir que el proceso de incorporación al aula enfrenta a los docentes en formación a un territorio que hoy se define complejo e incierto. Debido a lo anterior es preciso asumir que los estudiantes son activos y heterogéneos, en sus disposiciones, intereses y capacidad de aprender y, en consecuencia, tensionan la relación y el status tradicional de autoridad docente. Desde el punto de vista de las implicancias para la formación inicial, este grupo de profesores en práctica no logra advertir que la misma racionalidad con la cual opera la institución escolar explica, en gran medida, la complejidad del nuevo territorio donde tendrá que llevar a cabo su trabajo
Improved Detection of Circulating Epithelial Cells in Patients with Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
Authors: Franses Joseph W. , Basar Omer , Kadayifci Abdurrahman , Yuksel Osman , Choz Melissa , Kulkarni Anupriya S. , Tai Eric , Vo Kevin D. , Arora Kshitij S. , Desai Niyati , Licausi Joseph A. , Toner Mehmet , Maheswaran Shyamala , Haber Daniel A. , Ryan David P. , Brugge William R. , Ting David T. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Recent work has demonstrated early shedding of circulating epithelial cells (CECs) from premalignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). However, the potential use of CECs as a “liquid biopsy” for patients with IPMNs has been limited by antigen dependence of CEC isolation devices and the lack of robust detection biomarkers across CEC phenotypes.

Materials and Methods
We utilized a negative depletion microfluidic platform to purify CECs from contaminating leukocytes and coupled this platform with immunofluorescence, RNA in situ hybridization, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) detection and enumeration.

Results
Using established protein (EpCAM, cytokeratins) and novel noncoding RNA (HSATII, cytokeratins) biomarkers, we detected CECs in 88% of patients bearing IPMN lesions. RNA-seq analysis for MUC genes confirm the likely origin of these CECs from pancreatic lesions.

Conclusion
Our findings increase the sensitivity of detection of these cells and therefore could have clinical implications for cancer risk stratification.

Implications for Practice
This work describes a high-sensitivity platform for detection of epithelial cells shed from preneoplastic lesions at high risk of malignant transformation. Further research efforts are underway to define the transcriptional programs that might allow discrimination between circulating cells released from tumors that will become malignant and cells released from tumors that will not. After further refinement, this combination of technologies could be deployed for monitoring and early detection of patients at high risk for developing new or recurrent pancreatic malignancies.
Política educacional, exames internacionais de desempenho e a busca da escolarização de classe mundial: uma análise crítica
Authors: Morris Paul 
Published: September 2017

<p>As políticas educacionais no mundo todo estão cada vez mais dirigidas por um desejo de emular as “melhores práticas” de países que têm bom resultado em exames internacionais de desempenho de alunos, tais como o Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) e o Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Este artigo traz uma análise crítica de como essa forma aplicada de educação comparada opera, a lógica e os pressupostos nos quais ela se baseia, e os atores essenciais envolvidos.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> PISA; TIMMS; Avaliação em Larga Escala; Políticas Educacionais.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Education policy, cross-national tests of pupil achievement, and the pursuit of world class schooling: a critical analysis</strong></p><p>Educational policy around the world is increasingly driven by a desire to emulate the “best practices” of nations that have performed well on cross national tests of pupil achievement such as Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMMS). This article provides a critical analysis of how this applied form of comparative education operates; the logic and assumptions on which it is based and the key actors involved.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> PISA; TIMMS; Large-Scale Assessment; Educational Policies.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Política educacional, tests internacionales de desempeño y la búsqueda de la escolarización de clase mundial: un análisis crítico</strong></p><p>Las políticas educacionales entodo el mundo están cada vez más dirigidas por un deseo de emular las “mejores prácticas” de países que obtienen buenos resultados en tests internacionales de desempeño de alumnos, como el Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) y Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Este artículo contiene un análisis crítico de cómo opera esa forma aplicada de educación comparada, la lógica y los presupuestos en los que se basa, y los actores esenciales implicados.</p><p><strong>Palabras-clave:</strong> PISA; TIMMS; Evaluación en Gran Escala; Políticas Educacionales.<em><br /></em></p>
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CINNAMOMUM CASSIA TO FOUR SPECIES OF STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS1
Authors: Su Helen C. F. 
Published: September 2017

Dry bark and oil of Cinnamomum cassia Blume were evaluated for their biological activity against the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Lasioderma serricorne (F.) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. The acetone extract of the bark provided practically no contact toxicity to C. maculatus and T. confusum up to 50 μg/insect, but gave weak toxicity to S. oryzae and L. serricorne at 48 h after topical treatment, while the oil showed no toxicity to C. maculatus, very weak toxicity to T. confusum, and moderate toxicity to S. oryzae and L. serricorne at 30 and 50 μg/insect, respectively.
Both the extract and the oil, applied to wheat at 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05% by weight, showed significant repellency against S. oryzae adults with the oil providing greater repellency than the extract. The repellency decreased as the concentration of treatment decreased. Both the extract and the oil provided the repellency to T. confusum when applied to paper. At the application rates of 600 and 400 μg/cm2, the extract showed a class III average repellency for 4 months. Repellency of the oil deteriorated at a faster rate, and showed only a class II average repellency for 4 months at the same dosages.
SURVIVAL OF A CARRION BEETLE, NECRODES SURINAMENSIS (COLEOPTERA: SILPHIDAE), ON A DIET OF DEAD FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) LARVAE
Authors: Young Orrey P. 
Published: September 2017

In the laboratory, 95 adults of Necrodes surinamensis (F.) were maintained in containers with or without soil, either unfed or offered dead fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)] larvae, and monitored for survival. Significant differences in longevity were demonstrated within the parameters of diet (19.8 days with food, 3.7 d without), sex (13.7 d ♀, 9.9 d ♂), and generation (14.3 d overwintering, 9.3 d spring). No significant differences in longevity were observed between the two types of substrate, or within the group of unfed beetles.
This species is demonstrated to have a wider feeding niche than previously believed and to be potentially vulnerable to entomopathogen and insecticide control programs directed toward lepidopterous larval pests of crops.
APPLICATION OF A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS OF NEODIPRION TAEDAE LINEARIS ROSS ON PINE: PERSISTENCE AND EFFECT OF TIMING ON LARVAL MORTALITY1,2,3
Authors: Young S. Y. , Yearian W. C. 
Published: September 2017

The persistence of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of the loblolly pine sawfly, Neodiprion taedae linearis Ross, on loblolly pine, Pinus taedae L., and the larval mortality in sawfly colonies sprayed from the ground during the egg stage were determined. When sawfly colonies and surrounding foliage on pine were sprayed with NPV one week prior to egg hatch, larval mortality was lower than in colonies treated as first-instar and was similar to mortality in colonies treated as third-instar. Percent larval mortality was not increased by the addition of 3.0% Shade® + 0.1% Trition CS-7 to the NPV suspension sprayed.
Application of NPV at monthly intervals prior to egg hatch to either sawfly egg colonies and surrounding foliage or only to the foliage surrounding colonies resulted in loss of much of the NPV activity during the first month. Application of NPV at the highest rate (107 PIB/ml) to the eggs and surrounding foliage was the only treatment to significantly increase mortality over the untreated check at one and two months prior to egg hatch (P = 0.05).
LEAFHOPPER VECTORS OF PHONY PEACH DISEASE: FEEDING SITE PREFERENCE AND SURVIVAL ON INFECTED AND UNINFECTED PEACH, AND SEASONAL RESPONSE TO SELECTED HOST PLANTS1
Authors: Mizell Russell F. , French William J. 
Published: September 2017

The feeding site acceptance and adult survival of 2 leafhoppers, Homalodisca coagulata (Say) and H insolita (Walker), the vectors of phony peach disease (PPD), were determined on branches of uninfected and infected peach, Prunus persica L. Batsch ‘Flordaking’. The seasonal use pattern of H. coagulata on 19 species of plants was also observed in the field during 1983 – 1985.
Although all sections of branches were used, both species of leafhopper accepted the terminal growth for feeding more frequently than older tissue on both infected and uninfected trees. Survival of field collected adults of the H. insolita was not different on infected or uninfected branches. However, percent survival of H. coagulata was significantly higher on uninfected peach branches.
Japanese plum, P. salicina, ‘Santa Rosa’; citrus, Citrus sp. × Poncirus sp. hybrid; sumac, Rhus sp.; eastern baccharis, Baccharis halimifolia L., and crape myrtle, Lagerstroemia indica L. were food plants used most frequently by H. coagulata in the field. Fifteen other food plants were used to a lesser degree. Peach was only an occasional host. Vector abundance on particular food plants varied with species and time of year. The implications of these findings are discussed.