bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of Islamic Sites
Authors: Hutt Antony 
Published: February 2016

The main intention of this survey, for which I was awarded the first Libya Fellowship of the Society, was to examine a number of sites in Libya and also in adjacent countries which are either of the same period as the monuments in Ajdabiyah, or have relevance to the development of these monuments.On the way to Libya I visited the related, if somewhat later monuments of Palermo, built in the Arabo-Norman style, but utilizing both workmen and a number of constructional techniques from North Africa. I was fortunate in being guided around the various sites by members of the Ente per i Palazzi e Ville di Sicilia, and was able to use the recent study of Palermo by Mrs D. L. Jones, currently awaiting publication. The architectural details, and many of the designs and patterns involved relate very strongly to the north African forms, and emphasise the fact that the Mediterranean was still much more of a linking than a divisive factor even after the Muslims had lost control of Sicily and some of the other islands.
Phytoliths as indicators of grassland dynamics during the Holocene from lake sediments in the Ubari sand sea, Fazzan Basin, Libya
Authors: Parker Adrian , Harris Belinda , White Kevin , Drake Nick 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper presents the first study of phytoliths from the Saharan region. Phytolith analysis shows the potential of reconstructing grassland dynamics during the Holocene, refining our knowledge of palaeoecosystems in the Ubari sand sea, Libya. The lake sediments studied range in age between 3,273–9,440 cal. BP. Tree cover was very low around 3,273–3,436 cal. BP and 6,678–6,796 cal. BP, and the landscape was dominated by C4 grasslands around 6,678–6,796 cal. BP, shifting to a more mixed C3-C4 grassland community around 3,273–3,436 cal. BP. These differences may be caused by the older sample being deposited during the onset of a brief arid period, but a similar phytolith assemblage could arise due to a more pronounced seasonality in the climate, with C3 grasses dominating late and early in the growing season when the climate is cooler and less arid, and C4 grasses becoming dominant in the hot, dry summer season.
The Tomb of Grenna, Cyrene
Authors: Thorn James Copland , Thorn Dorothy May , Cherstich Luca 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis tomb, recorded by Jean-Raimond Pacho in 1825 and partially excavated in 1848 by Vattier de Bourville, contained four decorated marble sarcophagi, three of them placed in large recesses, the fourth on the floor of the central hall. It was next mentioned in 1949 by Morgan, the Antiquities Officer, and recorded by Cassels in 1954. In 1958 Goodchild and Ward-Perkins partially cleared it, but left no known account of their findings. In 2000 James Thorn found that the interior walls were originally clad with marble veneer and the floor was mosaic, evidently a tomb of imperial grandeur.
Fourqsurbetween the Wadis Islan and Samalus, Cyrenaica
Authors: Bennett Paul , Buzaian Ahmed , al-Muzeini Abdelgader , Abdulkareem Faraj , Khalifa Fathalla , al-Touati Mohammed 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis brief paper has been prepared to shed light on fourqsurlocated in close proximity to one another on three different sites overlooking an important Haj and caravan route between Soluq in northwestern Cyrenaica and Tamimi to the east, on the Gulf of Bomba. Massively built in mudbrick and faced with stone, eachqasrwas positioned to dominate an adjacent cultivated wadi crossed by the caravan route. Theqsur, with many constructional details in common but in various states of dilapidation, were built on the site of previous settlements and have yet to be conclusively dated. Two possible construction dates are suggested. The buildings may have been constructed in the later Roman period to form part of a system of defence similar to thelimes Tripolitanusin that they were built not only to protect the settlements and roadway that they undoubtedly served but as frontier outposts (and defence ‘in depth’) for the cities of the Pentapolis on the south side of the Gebel Akhdar. It is equally possible that theqsurmay be of post-Roman date, being built not only for a local defensive purpose, but to provide security and hospitality for those travelling the most direct route between Soluq and Tamimi, south of the Gebel.
The Cyrenaican Prehistory Project 2008: the second season of investigations of the Haua Fteah cave and its landscape, and further results from the initial (2007) fieldwork
Authors: Barker Graeme , Basell Laura , Brooks Ian , Burn Lucilla , Cartwright Caroline , Cole Franca , Davison John , Farr Lucy , Grün Rainer , Hamilton Roisin , Hunt Chris , Inglis Robyn , Jacobs Zenobia , Leitch Victoria , Morales Jacob , Morley Iain , Morley Mike , Pawley Steven , Pryor Alex , Rabett Ryan , Reynolds Tim , el-Rishi Hwedi , Roberts Richard , Simpson David , Stimpson Chris , Touati Mohammed , van der Veen Marijke 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe second (2008) season of fieldwork of the Cyrenaican Prehistory Project has significantly advanced understanding of the Haua Fteah stratigraphy and of the archaeology and geomorphology of the landscape in which the cave is located. The excavations of the McBurney backfill have reached a total depth of 7.5 m below the present ground surface, the depth at which two human mandibles were found in the 1950s excavations. Reconnaissance at the Hagfet ed-Dabba established that the sediments associated with the Upper Palaeolithic ‘Dabban’ industry were more or less entirely removed by the McBurney excavation. Exploratory excavations in the Hagfet al-Gama, a coastal cave west of the Haua Fteah, found evidence of Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Hellenistic occupation. The initial results from the study of botanical remains, both macroscopic and microscopic, obtained in the 2007 season at the Haua Fteah confirm the potential of the site to yield a rich suite of materials to inform on climatic and environmental change, and on human activities in the cave.
DMP II: 2008 fieldwork on burials and identity in the Wadi al-Ajal
Authors: Mattingly David , Dore John , Lahr Marta , Ahmed Muftah , Cole Franca , Crisp Jon , Rodriguez Mireya Gonzalez , Hobson Matt , Ismayer Misbah , Leitch Victoria , Moussa Farès , Nikita Efthymia , Reeds Ian , Savage Toby , Sterry Martin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe second season of the Desert Migrations Project took place in January 2008, with work following several substrands. The Burials and Identity component of the project is the subject of this report. Excavation and survey work were concentrated in the Watwat embayment, expanding on, and completing the work begun in 2007. Forty burials have now been excavated from the approximately 2,500 surveyed by the project team in a series of different cemeteries and burial zones within the closed valley that cuts back into the escarpment of the Massak, approximately 3 km southwest of Jarma. The most exciting discovery this year was the recovery of two mummified bodies from the UAT008 cemetery, along with further well-preserved textiles, including some exquisitely woven multi-coloured fragments. Another major discovery was a richly furnished Garamantian burial (UAT050.T5), containing numerous imported vessels (fineware, glass and amphorae) from the Roman world. Additional excavations included two child burials from GSC048, located in a modern quarry due south of Jarma, and a preliminary investigation of one of the Taqallit cemeteries, located approximately 30 km to the west (to be the subject of the main excavation effort in 2009).
Western Marmarica Coastal Survey 2008: a preliminary report
Authors: Hulin Linda 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper reports the preliminary results of a brief survey east of Tobruk over Easter 2008. The survey concentrated upon two areas: between Wadi Qseirat and Wadi Gabar, north of Kambut and around Marsa Lukk. Thirty-four sites were identified, ranging from larger settlements near good harbours (one each at Wadi Duma and Marsa Lukk), to farmsteads, farms and larger inland villages. Eleven sites provided evidence of industrial activity through the presence of kiln waste and at four of them, of the kilns themselves. Dated sites belong to the Early and Late Roman periods, Iron Age and Hellenistic sherds are present in small quantities. Marmaric ware, first identified along the coast of the western desert of Egypt, is shown to extend into this area and may be associated with cairn and enclosure burials.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PRACTICES IN HOSPITAL-BASED HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT UNITS
Authors: Sampietro-Colom Laura , Lach Krzysztof , Pasternack Iris , Wasserfallen Jean-Blaise , Cicchetti Americo , Marchetti Marco , Kidholm Kristian , Arentz-Hansen Helene , Rosenmöller Magdalene , Wild Claudia , Kahveci Rabia , Ulst Margus 
Published: February 2016

Objectives: Health technology assessment (HTA) carried out for policy decision making has well-established principles unlike hospital-based HTA (HB-HTA), which differs from the former in the context characteristics and ways of operation. This study proposes principles for good practices in HB-HTA units.Methods: A framework for good practice criteria was built inspired by the EFQM excellence business model and information from six literature reviews, 107 face-to-face interviews, forty case studies, large-scale survey, focus group, Delphi survey, as well as local and international validation. In total, 385 people from twenty countries have participated in defining the principles for good practices in HB-HTA units.Results: Fifteen guiding principles for good practices in HB-HTA units are grouped in four dimensions. Dimension 1 deals with principles of the assessment process aimed at providing contextualized information for hospital decision makers. Dimension 2 describes leadership, strategy and partnerships of HB-HTA units which govern and facilitate the assessment process. Dimension 3 focuses on adequate resources that ensure the operation of HB-HTA units. Dimension 4 deals with measuring the short- and long-term impact of the overall performance of HB-HTA units. Finally, nine core guiding principles were selected as essential requirements for HB-HTA units based on the expertise of the HB-HTA units participating in the project.Conclusions: Guiding principles for good practices set up a benchmark for HB-HTA because they represent the ideal performance of HB-HTA units; nevertheless, when performing HTA at hospital level, context also matters; therefore, they should be adapted to ensure their applicability in the local context.
Scanning Electron Microscopy Reveals Two Distinct Classes of Erythroblastic Island Isolated from Adult Mammalian Bone Marrow
Authors: Yeo Jia Hao , McAllan Bronwyn M. , Fraser Stuart T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractErythroblastic islands are multicellular clusters in which a central macrophage supports the development and maturation of red blood cell (erythroid) progenitors. These clusters play crucial roles in the pathogenesis observed in animal models of hematological disorders. The precise structure and function of erythroblastic islands is poorly understood. Here, we have combined scanning electron microscopy and immuno-gold labeling of surface proteins to develop a better understanding of the ultrastructure of these multicellular clusters. The erythroid-specific surface antigen Ter-119 and the transferrin receptor CD71 exhibited distinct patterns of protein sorting during erythroid cell maturation as detected by immuno-gold labeling. During electron microscopy analysis we observed two distinct classes of erythroblastic islands. The islands varied in size and morphology, and the number and type of erythroid cells interacting with the central macrophage. Assessment of femoral marrow isolated from a cavid rodent species (guinea pig,Cavis porcellus) and a marsupial carnivore species (fat-tailed dunnarts,Sminthopsis crassicaudata) showed that while the morphology of the central macrophage varied, two different types of erythroblastic islands were consistently identifiable. Our findings suggest that these two classes of erythroblastic islands are conserved in mammalian evolution and may play distinct roles in red blood cell production.
Ice stream motion facilitated by a shallow-deforming and accreting bed
Authors: Spagnolo Matteo , Phillips Emrys , Piotrowski Jan A. , Rea Brice R. , Clark Chris D. , Stokes Chris R. , Carr Simon J. , Ely Jeremy C. , Ribolini Adriano , Wysota Wojciech , Szuman Izabela 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIce streams drain large portions of ice sheets and play a fundamental role in governing their response to atmospheric and oceanic forcing, with implications for sea-level change. The mechanisms that generate ice stream flow remain elusive. Basal sliding and/or bed deformation have been hypothesized, but ice stream beds are largely inaccessible. Here we present a comprehensive, multi-scale study of the internal structure of mega-scale glacial lineations (MSGLs) formed at the bed of a palaeo ice stream. Analyses were undertaken at macro- and microscales, using multiple techniques including X-ray tomography, thin sections and ground penetrating radar (GPR) acquisitions. Results reveal homogeneity in stratigraphy, kinematics, granulometry and petrography. The consistency of the physical and geological properties demonstrates a continuously accreting, shallow-deforming, bed and invariant basal conditions. This implies that ice stream basal motion on soft sediment beds during MSGL formation is accommodated by plastic deformation, facilitated by continuous sediment supply and an inefficient drainage system.
Direct single-shot phase retrieval from the diffraction pattern of separated objects
Authors: Leshem Ben , Xu Rui , Dallal Yehonatan , Miao Jianwei , Nadler Boaz , Oron Dan , Dudovich Nirit , Raz Oren 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe non-crystallographic phase problem arises in numerous scientific and technological fields. An important application is coherent diffractive imaging. Recent advances in X-ray free-electron lasers allow capturing of the diffraction pattern from a single nanoparticle before it disintegrates, in so-called ‘diffraction before destruction’ experiments. Presently, the phase is reconstructed by iterative algorithms, imposing a non-convex computational challenge, or by Fourier holography, requiring a well-characterized reference field. Here we present a convex scheme for single-shot phase retrieval for two (or more) sufficiently separated objects, demonstrated in two dimensions. In our approach, the objects serve as unknown references to one another, reducing the phase problem to a solvable set of linear equations. We establish our method numerically and experimentally in the optical domain and demonstrate a proof-of-principle single-shot coherent diffractive imaging using X-ray free-electron lasers pulses. Our scheme alleviates several limitations of current methods, offering a new pathway towards direct reconstruction of complex objects.
The T-box transcription factor 3 is a promising biomarker and a key regulator of the oncogenic phenotype of a diverse range of sarcoma subtypes
Authors: Willmer T , Cooper A , Sims D , Govender D , Prince S 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSarcomas represent a complex group of malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin and their heterogeneity poses a serious diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. There is therefore a need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underpinning the pathogenesis of the more than 70 distinguishable sarcoma subtypes. The transcription factor TBX3, a critical developmental regulator, is overexpressed in several cancers of epithelial origin where it contributes to tumorigenesis by different molecular mechanisms. However, the status and role of TBX3 in sarcomas have not been reported. Here we show that a diverse subset of soft tissue and bone sarcoma cell lines and patient-derived sarcoma tissues express high levels of TBX3. We further explore the significance of this overexpression using a small interferring RNA approach and demonstrate that TBX3 promotes the migratory ability of chondrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and liposarcoma cells but inhibits fibrosarcoma cell migration. This suggested that TBX3 may play a key role in the development of different sarcoma subtypes by functioning as either an oncoprotein or as a brake to prevent tumour progression. To further explore this, TBX3 knockdown and overexpression cell culture models were established using chondrosarcoma and fibrosarcoma cells as representatives of each scenario, and the resulting cells were characterized with regard to key features of tumorigenesis. Results from in vitro and in vivo assays reveal that, while TBX3 promotes substrate-dependent and -independent cell proliferation, migration and tumour formation in chondrosarcoma cells, it discourages fibrosarcoma formation. Our findings provide novel evidence linking TBX3 to cancers of mesenchymal origin. Furthermore, we show that TBX3 may be a biomarker for the diagnosis of histologically dynamic sarcoma subtypes and that it impacts directly on their oncogenic phenotype. Indeed, we reveal that TBX3 may exhibit oncogene or tumour suppressor activity in sarcomas, which suggests that its role in cancer progression may rely on cellular context.
Controlling the Two-Photon-Induced Photon Cascade Emission in a Gd3+/Tb3+-Codoped Glass for Multicolor Display
Authors: Yuan Mao-Hui , Fan Hai-Hua , Li Hui , Lan Sheng , Tie Shao-Long , Yang Zhong-Min 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe reported the first observation of the two-photon-induced quantum cutting phenomenon in a Gd3+/Tb3+-codoped glass in which two photons at ~400 nm are simultaneously absorbed, leading to the cascade emission of three photons in the visible spectral region. The two-photon absorption induced by femtosecond laser pulses allows the excitation of the energy states in Gd3+ which are inactive for single-photon excitation and enables the observation of many new electric transitions which are invisible in the single-photon-induced luminescence. The competition between the two-photon-induced photon cascade emission and the single-photon-induced emission was manipulated to control the luminescence color of the glass. We demonstrated the change of the luminescence color from red to yellow and eventually to green by varying either the excitation wavelength or the excitation power density.
Detection and delineation of oral cancer with a PARP1 targeted optical imaging agent
Authors: Kossatz Susanne , Brand Christian , Gutiontov Stanley , Liu Jonathan T. C. , Lee Nancy Y. , Gönen Mithat , Weber Wolfgang A. , Reiner Thomas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEarlier and more accurate detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is essential to improve the prognosis of patients and to reduce the morbidity of surgical therapy. Here, we demonstrate that the nuclear enzyme Poly(ADP-ribose)Polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a promising target for optical imaging of OSCC with the fluorescent dye PARPi-FL. In patient-derived OSCC specimens, PARP1 expression was increased 7.8 ± 2.6-fold when compared to normal tissue. Intravenous injection of PARPi-FL allowed for high contrastin vivoimaging of human OSCC models in mice with a surgical fluorescence stereoscope and high-resolution imaging systems. The emitted signal was specific for PARP1 expression and, most importantly, PARPi-FL can be used as a topical imaging agent, spatially resolving the orthotopic tongue tumorsin vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that PARP1 imaging with PARPi-FL can enhance the detection of oral cancer, serve as a screening tool and help to guide surgical resections.
Acetaminophen induces accumulation of functional rat CYP3A via polyubiquitination dysfunction
Authors: Santoh Masataka , Sanoh Seigo , Takagi Masashi , Ejiri Yoko , Kotake Yaichiro , Ohta Shigeru 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) is extensively used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug. APAP is partly metabolized to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, a reactive metabolite, by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, 2E1 and 3A4. Some reports have indicated that CYP3A protein production and its metabolic activity are induced by APAP in rats in vivo. The CYP3A subfamily is believed to be transcriptionally regulated by chemical compounds. However, the mechanism underlying these responses is not completely understood. To clarify these mechanisms, we assessed the effects of APAP on CYP3A1/23 protein levels according to mRNA synthesis and protein degradation in rat hepatocyte spheroids, a model of liver tissue, in vivo. APAP induced CYP3A1/23 protein levels and metabolic activity. However, no change in CYP3A1/23 mRNA levels was observed. Moreover, APAP prolonged the half-life of CYP3A1/23 protein. CYP3A is known to be degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. APAP significantly was found to decrease levels of polyubiquitinated CYP3A1/23 and glycoprotein 78, an E3 ligase of CYP3A1/23. These findings demonstrate that APAP induces accumulation of functional CYP3A protein via inhibition of protein degradation. Our findings may lead to the determination of novel drug–drug interactions with APAP.
LPS/TLR4-mediated stromal cells acquire an invasive phenotype and are implicated in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis
Authors: Guo Jing , Chen Li , Luo Ning , Li Caixia , Chen Rong , Qu Xiaoyan , Liu Mingmin , Kang Le , Cheng Zhongping 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe present study tested whether the LPS/TLR4 signal pathway in endometrial stromal cells is essential for the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. We tested the expression of TLR4, MD2 in the endometrium without adenomyosis (CE), the eutopic endometrium with adenomyosis (EuE) and the ectopic endometrium with adenomyosis (EE). We isolated the stromal cells from CE, EuE and EE (CESC, EuESC, EESC), treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TLR4 antagonist and detected the cell viability. And we also measured the key protein of the TLR4 signal pathway and inflammatory proliferation and invasive growth of experimental cells. We found that the viability of experimental cells treated with LPS was significantly greater than that of the non-treated cells, blocked by the TLR4 antagonist VIPER. TLR4 signal pathway and inflammatory proliferation and invasive growth of experimental cells stimulated by LPS and it was inhibited by VIPER. This study suggested that stromal cells were activated by the TLR4 signalling pathway, which processed the cellular inflammatory proliferation and invasive growth involved in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis.
Short and long time effects of low temperature Plasma Activated Media on 3D multicellular tumor spheroids
Authors: Judée Florian , Fongia Céline , Ducommun Bernard , Yousfi Mohammed , Lobjois Valérie , Merbahi Nofel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis work investigates the regionalized antiproliferative effects of plasma-activated medium (PAM) on colon adenocarcinoma multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS), a model that mimics 3D organization and regionalization of a microtumor region. PAM was generated by dielectric barrier plasma jet setup crossed by helium carrier gas. MCTS were transferred in PAM at various times after plasma exposure up to 48 hours and effect on MCTS growth and DNA damage were evaluated. We report the impact of plasma exposure duration and delay before transfer on MCTS growth and DNA damage. Local accumulation of DNA damage revealed by histone H2AX phosphorylation is observed on outermost layers and is dependent on plasma exposure. DNA damage is completely reverted by catalase addition indicating that H2O2 plays major role in observed genotoxic effect while growth inhibitory effect is maintained suggesting that it is due to others reactive species. SOD and D-mannitol scavengers also reduced DNA damage by 30% indicating that "Equation missing" and OH* are involved in H2O2 formation. Finally, PAM is able to retain its cytotoxic and genotoxic activity upon storage at +4 °C or −80 °C. These results suggest that plasma activated media may be a promising new antitumor strategy for colorectal cancer tumors.