bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Digital Transformation (DX) of the Japanese Government
Authors: Agata Koichiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe development of DX of the Japanese government is discussed based on four principles to indicate some perspective for further progressions. This chapter is structured with four parts: presenting the four principles as an ideal constellation for practical DX systems, reflecting on the DX developments in the broader and the narrower context with the central government, discussing them according to the principles in the last years, and conclusion comprising summarised discussions and some perspectives. As conclusions, first, concerning the standard principle, formal conditions, namely, the written form principle, the uniform rule for document management and circulation, as well as networking and its expansion of electronic communication infrastructures are met, while the electronic procedures are still to be applied extensively. Second, according to the digitisation principle, more administrative files should be produced in digital form. The current volume of already digitised administrative documents must be evaluated as underwhelming if any DX in the central government should be promoted unobstructed. Furthermore, regarding the sharing data principle, the cloud migration system in the central government has just been embarked on, while the My Number system will be further broadened and applied more deeply in concrete areas. Finally, the security system is reliably developed to implement the zero-trust principle in compatibility with the DFFT principle.
The Management of Human Resources in Japan’s Public Service
Authors: Nishimura Mika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHuman resource management in the Japanese public sector has been characterized by people-based management since before World War II. The postwar reform of the public service tried in vain to introduce an American job-classification system, and the prewar practices of people-based management have remained. Since the 1990s, there has been an active debate on reforming the public service system, and the introduction of a new personnel evaluation system that focuses on the duties of each position has led to a shift from seniority practices to ability and performance management. In addition, the national public service system was reformed to be more responsive to political leadership. However, the ambiguity of the duties of each position as the basis for personnel evaluation has remained to create a conflict between people-based management and position-based management, hindering the improvement of working conditions and inviting greater political influence in the appointment of executive officials. To solve these problems and make public service more attractive, it is necessary to clearly define the duties of each position and then reexamine the relationship between “positions” and “people.”
Anomalous thresholds for the S-matrix of unstable particles
Authors: Aoki Katsuki , Huang Yu-tin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this work, we study the analytic properties of S-matrix for unstable particles, which is defined as the residues on the unphysical sheets where unstable poles reside. We demonstrate that anomalous thresholds associated with UV physics are unavoidable for unstable particles. This is in contrast to stable particles, where the anomalous thresholds are due to IR physics, set by the scale of the external kinematics. As a result, any dispersive representation for the amplitude will involve contributions from these thresholds that are not computable from the IR theory, and thus invalidate the general positivity bound. Indeed using toy models, we explicitly demonstrate that the four-derivative couplings for unstable particles can become negative, violating positivity bounds even for non-gravitational theories. Along the way, we show that contributions from anomalous thresholds in a given channel can be captured by the double discontinuity of that channel.
Machine Learning Discovers Invariants of Braids and Flat Braids
Authors: Lisitsa Alexei , Salles Mateo , Vernitski Alexei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe use machine learning to classify examples of braids (or flat braids) as trivial or non-trivial. Our machine learning takes the form of supervised learning, specifically multilayer perceptron neural networks. When they achieve good results in classification, we are able to interpret their structure as mathematical conjectures and then prove these conjectures as theorems. As a result, we find new invariants of braids and prove several theorems related to them. This work evolves from our experiments exploring how different types of AI cope with untangling braids with 3 strands, this is why we concentrate mostly on braids with 3 strands.
Forceful De-escalation and Organizational Inertia: Identifying Novel Justifications for Entrenched Police Violence
Authors: Burke Kimberly C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Despite reforms aimed at reducing racial disparities, the police department in this study experienced ongoing disparities in use of force. Through an analysis of the department's policies, training, and interviews with officers, this article identifies a practice termed 'forceful deescalation,' involving preemptive low-level force against passive non-compliance. Falling outside official use of force classifications, forceful de-escalation emerges as the department attempts to reconcile reform goals with perceived realities of street enforcement. Justifications rest on presuppositions of: a double-bind between crimefighting and reform; verbal and passive non-compliance as threats; and low-level force as minimally harmful. Forceful de-escalation reveals how police violence is reproduced in response to reform. As attention focuses on "less lethal" force, this paper illuminates how low-level police violence maintains harms and inequalities associated with deadly force. Through interactions often escaping official scrutiny, aggressive tactics become reinscribed and normalized as "de-escalation," perpetuating racial inequities under the guise of progressive change.
Why Local Governments Set Climate Targets: Effects of City Size and Political Costs
Authors: Eisenack Klaus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCities increasingly address climate change, e.g. by pledging city-level emission reduction targets. This is puzzling for the provision of a global public good: what are city governments’ reasons for doing so, and do pledges actually translate into emission reductions? Empirical studies have found a set of common factors which relate to these questions, but also mixed evidence. What is still pending is a theoretical framework to explain those findings and gaps. This paper thus develops a theoretical public choice model. It features economies of scale and distinguishes urban reduction targets from actual emission reductions. The model is able to explain the presence of targets and public good provision, yet only under specified conditions. It is also able to support some stylized facts from the empirical literature, e.g. on the effect of city size, and resolves some mixed evidence as special cases. Larger cities chose more ambitious targets if marginal net benefits of mitigation rise with city size—if they set targets at all. Whether target setting is more likely for larger cities depends on the city type. Two types are obtained. The first type reduces more emissions than a free-riding city. Those cities are more likely to set a target when they are larger. However, they miss the self-chosen target. Cities of the second type reach their target, but mitigate less than a free-riding city. A third type does not exist. With its special cases, the model can thus guide further empirical and theoretical work.
Becoming exceptional: the role of capital in the development and mediation of mathematics identity and degree trajectories
Authors: Archer Louise , Mendick Heather 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There is a burgeoning interest in the concept of identity within mathematics education research, with recent work suggesting that the interplay of identity and capital (cultural, social, and economic resources) offers a productive lens for understanding school students’ trajectories into, or away from, mathematics. This paper adds to understandings of how interactions of identity and capital play out over time, focusing on how these mediated the mathematics degree trajectories of three young men, Tom, Neb, and Gerrard, who were selected from a wider longitudinal study, as the only young people who went on to take mathematics degrees. Analysis of longitudinal data from 24 semi-structured interviews, conducted with the three young men from age 10 to 21 and two of their parents/carers, found that all three identified as being “good/exceptional at mathematics”. These identifications developed at an early age, were sustained and augmented by capital, and were closely related to pursuing the subject at university and enjoyment of mathematics. However, developing and sustaining an identity as “good at maths” relied on interactions with mathematics capital through families, school, and wider networks. Moreover, classed differences in the distribution of capital were implicated in their different degree outcomes. We argue that attending to the longitudinal interplay between capital and identity offers a rich understanding of how young people come to see themselves and be seen by others as “naturally able” at mathematics and in turn supports choosing to study a mathematics degree. Implications for mathematics education policy and practice are considered.
Familial DMRT1-related non-obstructive azoospermia: a case report
Authors: Severi Giulia , Ambrosini Enrico , Caramanna Luca , Monti Luigi , Magini Pamela , Innella Giovanni 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To report an exceptional case of male-to-male transmission of genetically based non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and varicocele through a naturally obtained pregnancy.

Subjects and methods
A father and his son were both diagnosed with NOA after centrifugation and varicocele. The father has no other clinical concerns apart from infertility, detected after many attempts of having another child, but given his urological situation (bilateral varicocele and NOA) assisted reproductive techniques were discouraged. After genetic counseling, several genetic-chromosomal analyses were carried out in the son (karyotype, chromosome Y microdeletions, CFTR screening, NGS infertility panels, and finally array-CGH).

Results
After a series of inconclusive tests, array-CGH detected a deletion of 224–283 kb (del9p24.3) involving part of the KANK1 and DMRT1 genes, inherited from the father. Haploinsufficiency of DMRT1 was therefore considered the determining factor in the development of azoospermia in the family by a loss of function mechanism.

Conclusion
The confirmation of father-to-son transmission of a deletion including DMRT1 represents an important point for clinicians dealing with male infertility, even when complete azoospermia is repetitively detected, and must be of hope for a relevant portion of men. Inclusion criteria for the access to assisted reproductive techniques may also be reconsidered and worthy of a greater number of clinical insights. Finally, since DMRT1 alterations have been associated with NOA and abnormal testicular development, but not specifically with varicocele, further studies are required to validate this issue, as varicocele may have played a crucial role in this case.
Fusions in Intuitionistic Mereology
Authors: Vieser Annica 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates two intuitionistic mereological systems based on Tarski’s axiomatisation of general mereology. These systems use two intuitionistically non-equivalent formalisations of the notion of fusion. I study extensionality and supplementation properties as well as some variants of these systems, and defend parthood as a suitable primitive notion for intuitionistic mereology if working with Tarski’s axiomatisation. Furthermore, I arrive at an equi-interpretability result for one of the atomistic variants with intuitionistic plural logic. I discuss to what extent these results support the philosophical pertinence of the mereological systems under investigation as intuitionistic theories of parthood, thereby reacting to a conceptual challenge that we are confronted with when engaging in intuitionistic mereology.
Non-standard monetary policy measures and bank systemic risk in the Eurozone
Authors: Vu Anh Nguyet , Katsiampa Paraskevi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractModern central banking offers policymakers innovative tools to safeguard price stability and the normal functioning of the financial system. However, the unintended impact of the implementation of non-standard monetary policy measures, especially on systemic risk, remains underexplored from a microeconomic point of view. This study investigates the effect of non-standard monetary policy measures on systemic risk of listed financial institutions in the Euro area. Our results show the presence of the systemic risk-taking channel of monetary policy, whereby systemic risk increases following further enforcement of non-standard monetary policy measures, with the effect being stronger for smaller and undercapitalised banks. The results are robust to various alternative measures of bank systemic risk and non-standard monetary policy. Our findings bear critical policy implications for financial stability.
Leitlinien für antimikrobielle CRISPR-Cas-Anwendungen
Authors: Trinler Nicolas Oswaldo 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Eine vielversprechende Anwendung programmierbarer CRISPR-Cas-Nukleasen ist deren Einsatz als alternative antimikrobielle Therapie zur Behandlung hypervirulenter und antibiotikaresistenter bakterieller Infektionen. Bislang gibt es jedoch keine Studie, die einen Leitfaden für die Entwicklung solcher Tools bietet.
Machine Learning and Imputation to Characterize Human Norovirus Genotype Susceptibility to Sodium Hypochlorite
Authors: Hamilton Allyson N. , Maes Flor , Reyes Génesis Yosbeth Chávez , Almeida Giselle , Li Dan , Uyttendaele Mieke , Gibson Kristen E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHuman norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the developed world and a major contributor to gastroenteritis globally. Its low infectious dose and environmental persistence necessitate effective disinfection protocols. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) bleach is a widely used disinfectant for controlling HuNoV transmission via contaminated fomites. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of HuNoV genotypes (n = 11) from genogroups I, II, and IV to NaOCl in suspension. HuNoV was incubated for 1 and 5 min in diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) treated water containing 50 ppm, 100 ppm, or 150 ppm NaOCl, buffered to maintain a pH between 7.0 and 7.5. Neutralization was achieved by a tenfold dilution into 100% fetal bovine serum. RNase pre-treatment followed by RT-qPCR was used to distinguish between infectious and non-infectious HuNoV. Statistical methods, including imputation, machine learning, and generalized linear models, were applied to process and analyze the data. Results showed that NaOCl reduced viral loads across all genotypes, though efficacy varied. Genotypes GI.1, GII.4 New Orleans, and GII.4 Sydney were the least susceptible, while GII.6 and GII.13 were the most susceptible. All NaOCl concentrations above 0 ppm were statistically indistinguishable, and exposure duration did not significantly affect HuNoV reduction, suggesting rapid inactivation at effective concentrations. For instance, some genotypes were completely inactivated within 1 min, rendering extended exposure unnecessary, while other genotypes maintained the initial concentration at both 1 and 5 min, indicating a need for longer contact times. These findings underscore the critical role of HuNoV genotype selection in testing disinfection protocols and optimizing NaOCl concentrations. Understanding HuNoV susceptibility to NaOCl bleach informs better disinfection strategies, aiding public health and food safety authorities in reducing HuNoV transmission and outbreaks.
Designing high-performance direct photo-rechargeable aqueous Zn-based energy storage technologies
Authors: Xiong Ting , Lee Wee Siang Vincent , Dou Shi-Xue 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSolar energy is clean, green, and virtually limitless. Yet its intermittent nature necessitates the use of efficient energy storage systems to achieve effective harnessing and utilization of solar energy. Solar-to-electrochemical energy storage represents an important solar utilization pathway. Photo-rechargeable electrochemical energy storage technologies, that are directly charged by light, can offer a novel approach in addressing the unpredictable energy surpluses and deficits associated with solar energy. Recent researches in the direct use of solar light to charge batteries and supercapacitors have demonstrated significant potentials. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the direct photo-rechargeable aqueous Zn-based energy storage technologies. We will also highlight the significant research advancements in electrode design, materials chemistry, performance, application prospects in direct photo-rechargeable Zn-ion capacitors, Zn-ion batteries, and Zn-air batteries. Lastly, we will provide insights into the opportunities and future directions in achieving high-performing direct photo-rechargeable aqueous Zn-based energy storage systems.
Barriers to inclusive education of children with autism: Ghanaian teachers’ perspective
Authors: Senoo Eyram Juliet , Oti-Boadi Mabel , Senoo-Dogbey Efua Vivian , Bampoe Ohenewa Josephine , Laari Luke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition, has become a major concern for both developed and underdeveloped countries since the condition is associated with significant caregiver, family, and financial burdens. Approaches to educating these children, especially in their preschool years, are burdensome and demanding for both parents and teachers. Although it is recommended that children with ASD receive inclusive, age-appropriate education in mainstream school settings, there are barriers in Ghana. This study explored barriers faced by preschool teachers in implementing and adhering to inclusive education for children with ASD.

Methods
The study employed an exploratory descriptive qualitative design to sample 17 participants in the Greater Accra Region using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through an in-depth virtual interview and analyzed using content analysis.

Results
The study identified inadequate parental cooperation, poor ASD knowledge of the teachers, socio-cultural and political issues, and a lack of collaboration with other professionals as major barriers thwarting the success of inclusive education for children with ASD in Ghana.

Conclusion
These barriers affect effective and successful adherence to inclusive education for children with ASD, and as such, we recommend orientation and special training for teachers, the provision of resources for effective child inclusion, and the creation of ASD awareness during the training of pre-school teachers.
Effects of supplementing tributyrin on serum biochemical indices and meat quality characteristics of longissimus thoracis et lumborum of weaned Small-Tailed Han lambs
Authors: Wang Ya-Xin , Wang Xue-Er , Li Zhi-Wei , An Ran , Ren Qing-Chang , Tan Jian-Zhuang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This experiment aimed to investigate the impacts of tributyrin (TB) dietary supplementation on serum biochemical indices and meat quality characteristics of longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle of lambs after weaning. Thirty healthy Small-Tailed Han female lambs (27.5 ± 4.1 kg; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly assigned to five treatments: basal diet (1) without TB, (2) with 0.5 g/kg TB, (3) with 1.0 g/kg TB, (4) with 2.0 g/kg TB or (5) with 4.0 g/kg TB. Each treatment consisted of six lambs, and the lambs were weaned on d 90 and were raised until d 165. Results showed that supplementing TB significantly promoted serum immunoglobulin concentrations of lambs such as immunoglobulins G, A and M. Besides, TB significantly increased muscle ether extract content, intermuscular fat length, pH value and redness but decreased lightness, drip loss and shear force. In addition, TB significantly elevated inosine-5ʹ-phosphate content and upregulated the relative expressions of genes related to lipid metabolism such as SREBP-1C, SCD, PPARγ, FAS and LPL. The mostly important, TB significantly enhanced essential amino acids (EAAs) and conjugated linoleic acids contents of the LTL muscle, despite it decreased total unsaturated fatty acids level. In conclusion, supplementing TB not only could promote the healthy status of weaned lambs via promoting serum immunity but also may improve nutritional quality of LTL muscle by improving EAA and conjugated linoleic acid contents.
Early and gland-specific changes in gene expression in response to LPS-induced mastitis in a single quarter of Holstein cows
Authors: Shangraw Erin M. , McFadden Thomas B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We previously reported changes in gene expression in mammary tissue from non-inflamed mammary glands adjacent to an inflamed gland challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We determined if changes in the expression of selected genes in non-inflamed glands would be replicated in RNA isolated from milk fat. Cows were milked twice daily prior to experiment. Per cow, one mammary gland (QLPS) was randomly assigned to receive an intramammary infusion of 50 µg LPS immediately after morning milking on d-0. The ipsilateral (QI) and contralateral (QC) mammary glands adjacent to QLPS remained untreated. Quarter foremilk samples from all mammary glands were collected on d-1 and d-0 for milk composition and isolation of RNA for quantification of selected genes via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Symptoms of clinical mastitis developed only in QLPS and were apparent within 3 h post-challenge. In QI and QC, lactose percentages were lower at 12 h post-challenge compared to d-1, but milk fat and protein contents were not different. For gene expression, 7 of 13 selected genes were differentially regulated in non-inflamed glands. In QI but not QC, LALBA expression was lower at 12 h post-challenge than on d-1. One gene of interest, LPIN1, was significantly upregulated in QI and QC but downregulated in QLPS at 12 h post-challenge. Five additional immune or stress-related genes were significantly upregulated in QLPS and, to a lesser but significant degree, in QI and QC compared to d-1. Notably, expression of two immune genes (NFKBIA, PTX3) was significantly greater in QI than QC despite QI having a numerically lower somatic cell count. Minor changes in the composition of milk secreted by non-inflamed mammary glands were linked to several immune and stress responses in those glands. Further, individual non-inflamed mammary glands responded differently depending on their position relative to the mastitic gland.
Moral Kombat: Analytic Naturalism and Moral Disagreement
Authors: Elliott Edward , Isserow Jessica 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMoral naturalists are often said to have trouble making sense of inter-communal moral disagreements. The culprit is typically thought to be the naturalist’s metasemantics and its implications for the sameness of meaning across communities. The most familiar incarnation of this metasemantic challenge is the Moral Twin Earth argument. We address the challenge from the perspective of analytic naturalism and argue that making sense of inter-communal moral disagreement creates no special issues for this view.