bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phakic intraocular lens (Verisyse) implantation for correction of high anisometropia in pediatric patients
Authors: Autrata R. , Krejcirova I. , Griscikova L. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeOur study evaluated safety and efficacy of Verisyse™ (AMO) phakic anterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) in the correction of significant myopic (>−9 D) or hyperopic anisometropia (>+6D) in children who are noncompliant to conventional treatment with spectacle correction or contact lenses.Methods28 children with myopic anisometropia (range −9.0 to −18.0 D, SE) and 7 patients with hyperopic anisometropia (range +6.0 to +9.5 D, SE) underwent unilateral Verisyse phakic IOL implantation under general anesthesia. All patients had chronic difficulties with spectacles due to aniseikonia or with contact lens intolerance. Pre‐ and post‐operative visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, anterior and posterior segment examination, axial biometry measurements, endothelial cell counts, stereoacuity and aniseikonia examinations were performed in all patients. Target refraction was approximately 0 to −1 D. The mean age was 6.7 years; range 5–14 years. Mean follow‐up was 19.5 months (range, 10–36 months).ResultsThe mean spherical equivalent cyloplegic refraction of myopic eyes changed from −15.2 D preoperatively to −0.73 D postoperatively. The mean hyperopia reduced from +7.65 D preop. to +0.94. 81% of treated eyes were in the range ±1.0 D of emetropia. The mean uncorrected visual acuity improved from 0.012 to 0.35 (logMAR 0.45 ± 0.22), t‐test; p = 0.0014. The mean best spectacles corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) changed from 0.23 (logMAR 0.58 ± 0.15) to 0.62 (log MAR 0.17 ± 0.13), t‐test; p = 0.0238. The mean Safety Index (BSCVA postop/preop) was 2.18. Improvement in stereoacuity was reached in all 35 patients.ConclusionsAnterior chamber phakic IOLs may provide a safe and effective alternative in management of highly anisometropic myopic and hyperopic children, who are noncompliant with conventional treatment with spectacles or contact lenses.
Automatisation and improved repeatability of retinal oximetry
Authors: Hardarson S. , Karlsson R.A. , Olafsdottir O.B. , Eliasdottir T. , Bek T. , Stefánsson E. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo develop and test an automatic method for analysing retinal oximetry images.MethodsThe dual‐wavelength Oxymap T1 oximeter captures images for calculation of oxygen saturation in retinal vessels. Images were taken of healthy subjects for testing of repeatability and sensitivity, the latter during 100% O2 breathing (n = 21). Images were also taken of patients with diabetes and no DR (n = 16) and patients with non‐proliferative DR (n = 24). The diabetic groups were compared with 54 healthy subjects.Semi‐automatic and fully automatic computer programs were used for analysis. The main differences are: The automatic program automatically categorises vessel points into arterioles and venules and then gives averages for each retinal image. The automatic program uses all pixels on vessel cross‐sections for calculations.ResultsFor arterioles in healthy, the standard deviation between repeated measurements was 0.98 percentage points (pp) with the semi‐automatic method but 0.66 pp with the automatic method. The corresponding values for venules were 1.99 pp (semi‐auto) and 1.50 pp (auto). The automatic program detected an increase of 5.1 pp in arteriolar saturation and 17.4 pp in venules when healthy subjects inhaled pure oxygen (p < 0.0001 in both cases). Similar values were found with the semi‐automatic software.Higher venous saturation was detected in patients with non‐proliferative DR (p < 0.05 with both programs). Values (mean ± SD) from the automatic software were 68.5 ± 5.6% (NPDR), 63.3 ± 6.0% (DM but no DR) and 64.9 ± 4.7% (healthy).ConclusionsAutomatic analysis of retinal oximetry images yields good repeatability. The automatic method is sensitive to changes in saturation during 100% O2 breathing and detects higher venous saturation in diabetic retinopathy. Automatic analysis is much faster than the semi‐automatic approach and is less subjective.
Excimer laser correction for myopic anisometropic amblyopia in pediatric patients‐ Long term results
Authors: Autrata R. , Krejcirova I. , Griscikova L. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy, predictabilty, safety, stability, visual acuity and binocular vision results of laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) for the correction of high myopic anisometropia and amblyopia in children.MethodsOur study comprised 195 eyes of 195 pediatric patients that had LASEK for high myopic anisometropia from −5.5 to −11.5 D operated between 1998 and 2012. All children were unable to use spectacles due to aniseikonia, and they were noncompliant with contact lenses. They were at 3–8 years of age in time of surgery, Children younger than 7 years were operated in general anesthesia. All patients were treated with LASEK multizonal ablation technique. In all children surgery was followed by a half‐day patching of the dominant eye. Main outcome measures were cycloplegic refraction, uncorrected and best spectacle‐corrected visual acuity (UCVA, BSCVA resp.), keratometry, biometry, ocular alignment, corneal clarity and grade of stereopsis over 2–12 years of follow‐up.ResultsThe preoperative mean spherical equivalent (MSE) was −8.32 D. The postoperative MSE was −1.21D at the last visit. The mean preop UCVA 0.033 increased to 0.59 (p < 0.05) postop. The mean preop. BSCVA was 0.38 and changed to 0.89 postop. The safety index was 1.79. All the eyes had no line lost in BSCVA, 60 eyes had two lines gained, 56 and 79 eyes had 3 and 4 or more lines gained, resp. Preoperative spectacle aniseikonia decreased from 11.6 to 2.1% postop. Binocular vision was improved and saved in 86% of children. No postoperative complications were observed.ConclusionsPediatric LASEK was highly effective and safe methods to reduce myopic anisometropia up to −12D, decrease spectacle aniseikoina, improve visual acuity and stereopsis in children aged 3–8 years with amblyopia when contact lens intolerance.
Effect of different lightning conditions on daily living activities of glaucoma patients
Authors: Zenouda A. , Lombardi M. , Gutman E. , Brasnu E. , Hamard P. , Sahel J.A. , Baudouin C. , Labbe A. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo determine the impact of different lightning conditions on glaucoma patient's ability to perform activities of daily living.MethodsTwenty‐three glaucoma patients and 8 age‐matched control subjects were included. All glaucoma patients had a best corrected visual acuity >20/30. Best corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, monocular automated Humphrey 24‐2 visual field test, and binocular visual field test were obtained from all subjects. Two tasks of daily living were evaluated: (i) Mobility performance was assessed in an artificial street (StreetLab®) by the time required to complete an established travel path (TP) and the number of mobility incidents (MI); (ii) Reaching‐and‐Grasping performance was evaluated on a kitchen worktop in the HomeLab®. The movement onset time (MO) and the overall movement time (OM) for reaching‐and‐grasping the object were recorded. Trials were carried out with three lighting conditions: scotopic 2 lux, photopic 250 lux and photopic 1,500 lux.ResultsGlaucoma patients completed the travel path 8.8% more slowly than controls (p = 0.013). Under high luminosity, all participants completed the path 3.7% and 2.7% more quickly than under low and intermediate luminosity respectively (p < 0.01). The influence of light condition was not different between the glaucoma and control group (p = 0.16). The number of MI was not different between both groups (p = 0.65). There was no difference in average MO time between the two groups (p = 0.086) but glaucoma patients had a significantly longer OM time as compared to control subjects (p < 0.01). Low light condition increased the MO time for all subjects without difference between the two groups.ConclusionsGlaucoma patients had decreased performance in mobility and motor control tasks. The influence of light condition was not different between the glaucoma and control group.
Morphological, phisiological and immunocytochemical evaluation in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membranes
Authors: Miniewicz J. , Romanowska Dixon B. , Petka O. , Elas M. , Sarna M. , Kubicka‐Trzaska A. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo investigate changes of the vitreoretinal interface in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERM).MethodsAnalysis of 23 patients treated by 25G PPV due to visual imparment caused by idiopathic ERM. BCVA and DRI OCT (Atlantis Topcon) imaging was performed before surgery and in one year follow up. Retinal and vitreoretinal interface morphology was evaluated and compared with changes in visual fuction. ERM and internal limiting membranes (ILM) were collected intraoperatively for immunocytochemical analysis. Photographeis of probes were made by scanning confocal microscope LSM 88‐ Zeiss, with seven laser lines, 32‐channel spectral detector GaAsP and two photomultiplier for fluorescence and one for transmission. Scanning module was connected with reverse optic microscope Axio Observer Z1 Zeiss with fluorecsent lamp and adequate filters.ResultsBCVA before surgery was from counting finger from 3 m to 0.5 (mean 0.1) and in one year of postoperative follow up ipmroved to 0.3–0.9 (mean 0.6). In 18 eyes (78%) vitreoretinal traction was visualized by OCT DRI before the surgery. Mean central retinal thickness (CRT) was 487 μm. In patients with CRT more than 500 μm macular oedema in preoprative scans was observed. In these cases the oedema was reduced in one year of postoperative observation. Microscopic and immunocytochemical analysis revealed a high amount of cells in ERM probes and low number of cells in ILM probes (immunoreactivity was positive for glial cells, retinal pigment epithelium, hyalocytes, actin and macrophages).ConclusionsNew techniques of visualisation and analysis improve possibilities of diagnostic and evaluation of treatment results in patients with ERM. These methods should be used as complementary. Evaluation of wider group of patients may improve the knowledge in the field of idiopathic ERM etiopathogenesis.
Mechanisms of ocriplasmin uptake by retinal cells
Authors: Candi A. , Fonteyn L. , Porcu M. , Barbeaux P. , Feyen J.H. , Hu T.T. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeRetinal cells participate in the transport and clearance of therapeutics. In this study, we used in vitro retinal cell models to investigate the uptake and transport of ocriplasmin, a protease used for the treatment of vitreomacular traction.MethodsCultures of primary porcine Müller and human ARPE‐19 cells were incubated with Alexa488‐labeled ocriplasmin or its inactive form for up to 3 h. Spatial distribution and colocalization with vesicle transport proteins were assessed at several time points.ResultsOcriplasmin was rapidly detected in Müller and RPE cells. Uptake was observed as cytoplasmic foci and confirmed by confocal microscopy. In contrast, enzymatically inactive ocriplasmin was taken up at a significantly slower rate. Given its focal cytoplasmic distribution, we investigated whether ocriplasmin was present in cellular transport organelles. In Müller cells, ocriplasmin colocalized partly with Rab5‐positive early endosomes and Rab7‐positive lysosomes but with very few Rab11‐positive recycling endosomes. In RPE cells, ocriplasmin also colocalized in part with early endosomes and lysosomes, but to a larger extent with recycling endosomes.ConclusionsTaken together, our data indicate that ocriplasmin can be taken up by Müller and RPE cells and that this uptake depends in part on its enzymatic activity. Ocriplasmin was found in transport vesicles, indicating active transport mainly through the degradation pathway in Müller cells whereas in RPE cells, outward transport is preferred. It is described that RPE cells transport anti‐VEGFs which emphasizes their role in retinal drug clearance. Our study suggests that retinal cells might participate in ocriplasmin drug clearance. Further in vivo studies will need to assess the ocriplasmin transport in the retina as well as the impact of uptake on ocriplasmin activity.
Iluvien monotherapy for diabetic macular oedema in vitrectomised and non‐vitrectomised eyes: one year data
Authors: Hawrami A. , Laviers H. , Patra S. , Zambarakji H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo assess the effectiveness of the Fluocinolone intravitreal implant (Iluvien) in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) following previous pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The data from vitrectomised eyes are compared with a consecutive group of non‐vitrectomised eyes with DMO who received the Iluvien implant in our institution.MethodsRetrospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients who received the Iluvien implant for DMO. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were evaluated at baseline and 0–2 months, 3–5 months and 6–12 months following placement of the implant. Analysis of variance was carried out using Stata 14.1 (StatCorp LP) Software.ResultsSeven eyes with recent PPV and 17 eyes without previous PPV received an Iluvien implant for DMO. Mean improvement in BCVA in the PPV group to 6–12 months was 0.33 logMAR (95% CI: −0.2 to 0.8) compared with 0.13 logMAR (95% CI: 0.0–0.2) in the no PPV group (p = 0.355). Mean improvement in CMT in the PPV group to 6–12 months was 59.6 μm (95% CI: 18.0–137.2) compared with 78.4 μm (95% CI: 21.3–126.9) in the no PPV group (p = 0.745). Individual OCT images showed persistent cystoid macular oedema in 7/7 eyes in the PPV group. A persistent pre retinal hyper‐reflective line at the macula suggestive of residual cortical vitreous or pre retinal membrane was identified in 4/7 eyes in the PPV group and 9/17 eyes in the non‐PPV group.ConclusionsVitreoretinal interface proliferation may explain the absence of a response to intravitreal Iluvien in some DMO eyes. Prospective randomised studies are needed in order to establish a uniform evidence based approach for classification and treatment in vitrectomised eyes.
Evaluation of Tumor Necrosis Factor inhibitor therapy in Susac syndrome
Authors: Buelens T. , Ossewaarde‐van Norel A. , Nubourgh I. , Glibert G. , Kamgang Semeu P. , Caspers L. , Postelmans L. , Willermain F. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo analyze the effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy on ocular relapses in patients with Susac syndrome.MethodsMulticenter retrospective case series of patients with ocular Susac syndrome treated with a TNF inhibitor (either infliximab or adalimumab). Diagnosis was based on neurologic, ophthalmic, otologic, biologic and imaging typical findings.ResultsFive patients were included. All were initially treated with a combination of corticosteroids and classical immunosuppressive drugs. In 4 of the 5 patients a TNF‐inhibitor (3 infliximab and 2 adalimumab) was started due to treatment failure. In these patients cortisone could not be decreased below a daily dose of 10 mg without the occurrence of relapses (with an average of 4.25 relapses over a mean follow‐up of 330 days) despite the use of a mean of 2.75 different immunosuppressive drugs. After introduction of an anti‐TNF agent the daily cortisone dose could successfully be tapered below 10 mg in all patients with a complete stop in 3 patients, with a mean number of 1.25 relapses during a mean follow‐up of 1,199 days. In the fifth patient, disease activity was well controlled with only steroid sparing immunosuppressive agents and only 1 relapse during approximately 5 years of follow up until these had to be stopped for a desired pregnancy. No relapse was documented during 60 weeks of follow‐up while on infliximab treatment afterwards.ConclusionsAnti‐TNF antibodies can be a valuable option for the treatment of ocular Susac syndrome and may especially be considered in those patients unresponsive to conventional immunosuppressive treatment.
Follow‐up of patients treated by prostaglandins eyedrops. Preliminary results from the FREE survey
Authors: Grabska‐Liberek I. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeAfter lack of efficacy, local intolerance is the second reason to change glaucoma treatment. It was demonstrated that preservatives alter the local tolerability. With the newly available preservative‐free (PF) prostaglandins and the launch of a PF latanoprost (Monoprost®), it is interesting to assess the evolution of ocular signs and symptoms after switch from preserved to PF glaucoma treatment. This was the objective of the FREE survey (Follow‐up of glaucoma patients treated with Prostaglandins EyEdrops).MethodsFREE is a prospective, European, multicentre, prospective survey implemented in ophthalmological private practices in France, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland and Sweden. The study is still ongoing to recruit a total of 1400 patients. Three study visits (inclusion and two visits after 6 and 12 months) are planned. Hyperemia and patient's satisfaction with regards to tolerance are the main evaluation criteria. Other parameters are recorded: patient feeling assessment on tolerance to the current glaucoma treatment, the ocular surface diseases, the use of tear substitutes, the ocular signs, fluorescein corneal and conjunctival stainings and tear BUT.ResultsThe first results from the five countries will be presented here for the first time. From the first analysis of 588 patients (354 in France, 96 in Poland, 79 in Sweden, 35 in the Netherlands and 24 in Norway), clinical signs appeared to be more present with preserved eyedrops than with PF treatment and especially with PF latanoprost at the subsequent visits. The results with PF latanoprost (Monoprost®) on long term (superior to 6 months) will be presented here for the first time.ConclusionsThis preliminary first results of FREE survey confirm the clinical interest of switching from a preserved to a PF prostaglandin for a better treatment tolerability and patient satisfaction.
Analysis of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and choroidal thickness in patients with Parkinson's disease using swept‐source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Obis J. , Cipres Alastuey M. , Villades E. , Garcia‐Martin E. , Satue M. , Rodrigo M.J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo analyze the thickness of several retinal layers and the thickness of the choroid in the peripapillary area in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) using swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT) as a marker for neurodegenerative injury.Methods108 eyes of patients with PD and 90 eyes of healthy controls were included. All subjects underwent ophthalmologic evaluation, including retinal and choroidal assessment using SS‐OCT Triton (Topcon), 3DH Wide protocol. RNFL‐TSNIT data were analyzed in the peripapillary area, including retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), GCL+ layer (from RNFL to inner nuclear layer), GCL++ layer (from inner limiting membrane to inner nuclear layer) and choroidal thickness.ResultsPatients with PD revealed significant thinning in every retinal layer compared to healthy controls: average retinal thickness (280.25 ± 20.18 μm in patients vs. 288.18 ± 13.09 μm in controls; p = 0.013); inferotemporal sector of the RNFL thickness (135.08 ± 25.28 μm vs. 144.23 ± 17.19 μm; p = 0.024); superotemporal sector of the GCL+ layer thickness (38.52 ± 7.02 μm vs. 41.78 ± 9.24 μm; p = 0.047); inferotemporal sector of the GCL++ layer thickness (176.00 ± 28.07 μm vs. 187.07 ± 16.93 μm; p = 0.010). Contrary, patients with PD revealed significant thickening in total choroidal thickness compared to healthy controls (153.56 ± 62.48 μm in patients vs. 125.64 ± 52.53 μm in controls; p = 0.012), choroidal nasal (152.73 ± 50.54 μm vs. 129.32 ± 54.86 μm; p = 0.024), choroidal temporal (165.82 ± 80.16 μm vs. 128.40 ± 50.81 μm; p = 0.003) and choroidal inferior thickness (129.90 ± 64.70 μm vs. 98.83 ± 51.67 μm; p = 0.006).ConclusionsPatients with PD present significant reduction of peripapillary retinal, RNFL and ganglion cell layer thickness and significant thickening of the choroid in the peripapillary area detectable with new SS‐OCT technology.
DNA damage in human llmbal epithelial cells expanded ex vivo
Authors: Lorenzo Corrales Y. , Haug Berg K. , Noer A. , Collins A.R. , Nicolaissen B. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeLimbal stem cell deficiency, secondary to insults and diseases, may be treated by transplantation of ex vivo engineered epithelial grafts. We here present preliminary data on levels of cellular DNA damage in grafts produced in two different types of culture medium.MethodsCultures were initiated using corneo‐limbal donor tissue after removal of the central area for transplant purposes. Explants (approx. 2 × 2 mm) were positioned epithelial side down on tissue culture treated polyester membranes and expanded for 4 weeks in complex medium or in medium with human serum. Cells were dissociated using Trypsin‐EDTA (0.05%) for 30 min, the enzyme activity was further inhibited by medium and serum. The cell suspension was transferred to tubes on ice and processed using the Comet Assay. Duplicate samples from each culture were analyzed in each assay by visual scoring. Using a fluorescence microscope, 100 comets (50 from each gel) were classified into five categories, 0–4, representing increasing relative tail intensities. Summing the scores (0–4) of 100 comets therefore gives an overall score of between 0 and 400 arbitrary units.ResultsPreliminary data show some levels of DNA damage in cells dissociated from the grafts regardless of the type of culture medium used. Anyway more experiments with other donors have to be done to have some conclusions.ConclusionsRecent studies have shown that medium with human serum equally support production of grafts containing differentiated as well as undifferentiated cells suitable for clinical transplantation. Preliminary data from our experiments indicate that levels of molecular damage to the DNA do not increase in cells cultured in human medium despite its lacks of complexity.
Evaluation of the eyelid disorders in the daily ophthalmic practice in 9 European Countries: The MEIBUM* survey
Authors: Doan S. , Zagórski Z. , Palmares J. , Yağmur M. , Kaercher T. , Van Dooren B. , Jonckheere P. , Jensen P.K. , Benitez del Castillo J.M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo determine the incidence and characteristics of eyelid inflammatory disorders encountered during general ophthalmology consultations in Europe.MethodsMulticenter, epidemiological survey implemented in 9 European countries (2012–2014). The participating ophthalmologists were asked to include 10 consecutive patients attending for consultations, no matter what reason for visit. A questionnaire recorded reason for visit, ocular history, symptoms, examination of eyelids and ocular surface, diagnosis of MGD or dry eye, impact on daily life, and management of eyelid disorders.Results6,250 patients were recruited from 9 countries; Poland (2,584), Spain (1,925) Portugal (415), Turkey (398), Germany (375), The Netherlands (230), France (185), Belgium (78) and Denmark (60);mean age was 57.2 ± 17.6. 79.5% of patients presented with at least one ocular problem; the most common presenting symptom was dry eye (29.6%). 77.7% of patients had eyelid disorders. MGD was diagnosed in 53.2% and dry eye in 60.9% of patients. MGD was diagnosed in more than half of the patients with a strong link to dry eye (p‐value < 0.001). In case of presence of eyelid disorders there was a 52.5% relative risk increase in having dry eye diagnosis. (RR: 1.525: Confidence Interval, CI, 1.424–1.632). Among the 3,215 patients diagnosed with MGD, 37.3% were classified as having a hyposecretory MGD, 37.3% an obstructive MGD and 38% a hypersecretory MGD. Management included warming (49.5%), cleansing (67.7%), massage (53.6%), and also eye drops for dry eye (81.7%). The impact of eyelid disorder on daily life concerned vision for 56.7%, daily activities/work (53%), leisure (43.1%), and also on emotions (20.6%) and sleep (17.6%).ConclusionsThis survey highlights the importance of examining eyelids more closely during routine eye examinations.