bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal ablation for atrial tachycardia from the double‐exit of the Marshall bundle inducing atrial fibrillation
Authors: Chin Jung Yeon , Kim Jong Woo , Kang Ki‐Woon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) from the ligament/vein of Marshall (LOM/VOM) has previously been described. We report the case of a 23‐year‐old woman with an antiarrhythmic drug‐resistant AF induced by two distinct atrial tachycardias (ATs). Focal ablation of these ATs from the double‐exit of the Marshall bundle using a three‐dimensional map eliminated AF triggering, even though pulmonary vein electrical isolation is the cornerstone for paroxysmal AF. Such mechanisms are important as triggering factors to plan ablation for paroxysmal AF. Focal ablation for triggering and inducing AF, originating from the double‐exit of the Marshall bundle may be effective in eliminating AF in young patients.
Current use of direct oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation in Japan: Findings from the SAKURA AF Registry
Authors: Okumura Yasuo , Yokoyama Katsuaki , Matsumoto Naoya , Tachibana Eizo , Kuronuma Keiichiro , Oiwa Koji , Matsumoto Michiaki , Kojima Toshiaki , Hanada Shoji , Nomoto Kazumiki , Arima Ken , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Kotani Tomobumi , Ikeya Yukitoshi , Fukushima Seiji , Itoh Satoru , Kondo Kunio , Chiku Masaaki , Ohno Yasumi , Onikura Motoyuki , Hirayama Atsushi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundLarge‐scale investigations on the use of oral anticoagulants including direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have not included Japanese patients.MethodsWe established the multicenter SAKURA AF Registry to support prospective observational research on the status of anticoagulation treatment, especially with DOAC, for AF in Japan. We enrolled 3266 AF patients treated with warfarin (n=1577) or any of 4 DOACs (n=1689) from 63 institutions (2 cardiovascular centers, 13 affiliated hospitals or community hospitals, and 48 private clinics) in the Tokyo area.ResultsWe conducted our first analysis of the registry data, and although we found equivalent mean age between the DOAC and warfarin users (71.8±9.5 vs. 72.3±9.4 years, p=0.2117), we found a slightly lower risk of stroke (CHADS2 score of 0 or 1 [46.9% vs. 39.4%, p<0.0001]) and significantly better creatinine clearance in DOAC users (70.4±27 vs. 65.6±25.7 mL/min, p<0.0001). Importantly, we documented under‐dosing in 32% of warfarin users and inappropriate‐low‐dosing in 19.7–27.6% of DOAC users.ConclusionsOur initial analysis of the SAKURA AF Registry data clarified the real‐world use of anticoagulants, which includes DOACs and warfarin in Japan. The DOAC users were at a lower risk for stroke than the warfarin users. In 20–30% of DOAC users, the dose was inappropriately reduced.
Is Ross Syndrome an Autoimmune Entity? A Case Series of 11 Patients
Authors: Mishra Ajay Kumar , Kharkongor Meban , Kuriakose Cijoy K , George Anu Anna , Peter Dincy , Carey Ronal Albert Benton , Mathew Vivek , Hansdak Samuel George 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground: Ross syndrome is diagnosed by the presence of segmental anhidrosis, areflexia, and tonic pupils. Fewer than 60 cases have been described in literature so far. There have been reports of presence of antibodies in such patients, suggesting an autoimmune pathogenesis. Methods: We describe the clinical profile in this case series of 11 patients with Ross syndrome and discuss the current status of autoimmunity in its pathogenesis and the management. Results: Of the 11 patients with Ross syndrome there was an almost equal sex distribution (male:female ratio was 1.17:1) and the mean age of onset of symptoms was 26 years. Patients took an average of 6 years to present to a tertiary center. Sixty-three percent of the patients presented with complaints of excessive sweating, whereas only 27% had complaints of decreased sweating over a particular area of the body. Only 45% of the patients had the complete triad of Ross syndrome, which included segmental anhidrosis, tonic pupil, and absent reflexes. Eighty-nine percent of the patients had documented absent sympathetic skin response on electromyography. The various markers of autoimmunity were negative in all patients who were investigated for the same in this series. Ninety percent of the patients were managed conservatively. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, in Ross syndrome, generalized injury to ganglion cells or their projections are not purely autoimmune-mediated.
Inertial fusion-assisted production of Plutonium 238
Authors: Winterberg F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIt is proposed to assist and substantially increase the production of Plutonium 238 by inertial fusion inside a pipe made of stainless steel passing through the core of a conventional nuclear fission reactor, by injecting a stream of pellets of Neptunium 237 encapsulated liquid deuterium–tritium (DT) under high pressure. Then, if from both ends of the pipe, a pulse of multi-megajoule intense relativistic electron beams are injected, they will compress the pellets and heat the liquid DT to reach ignition, leading to a smoldering thermonuclear burn, releasing a burst of 14 MeV neutrons, converting the Neptunium 237 into Neptunium 238, which after leaving the pipe outside the reactor, will by radioactive decay be converted into Plutonium 238. This strategy permits that the surplus of neutrons are not lost, because they are absorbed in the bulk of the fission reactor and not lost into the environment.
Synthesis of single-crystal-like nanoporous carbon membranes and their application in overall water splitting
Authors: Wang Hong , Min Shixiong , Ma Chun , Liu Zhixiong , Zhang Weiyi , Wang Qiang , Li Debao , Li Yangyang , Turner Stuart , Han Yu , Zhu Haibo , Abou-hamad Edy , Hedhili Mohamed Nejib , Pan Jun , Yu Weili , Huang Kuo-Wei , Li Lain-Jong , Yuan Jiayin , Antonietti Markus , Wu Tom 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNanoporous graphitic carbon membranes with defined chemical composition and pore architecture are novel nanomaterials that are actively pursued. Compared with easy-to-make porous carbon powders that dominate the porous carbon research and applications in energy generation/conversion and environmental remediation, porous carbon membranes are synthetically more challenging though rather appealing from an application perspective due to their structural integrity, interconnectivity and purity. Here we report a simple bottom–up approach to fabricate large-size, freestanding and porous carbon membranes that feature an unusual single-crystal-like graphitic order and hierarchical pore architecture plus favourable nitrogen doping. When loaded with cobalt nanoparticles, such carbon membranes serve as high-performance carbon-based non-noble metal electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.
Vacancy-induced dislocations within grains for high-performance PbSe thermoelectrics
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Ge Binghui , Li Wen , Lin Siqi , Shen Jiawen , Chang Yunjie , Hanus Riley , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Pei Yanzhong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTo minimize the lattice thermal conductivity in thermoelectrics, strategies typically focus on the scattering of low-frequency phonons by interfaces and high-frequency phonons by point defects. In addition, scattering of mid-frequency phonons by dense dislocations, localized at the grain boundaries, has been shown to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity and improve the thermoelectric performance. Here we propose a vacancy engineering strategy to create dense dislocations in the grains. In Pb1−xSb2x/3Se solid solutions, cation vacancies are intentionally introduced, where after thermal annealing the vacancies can annihilate through a number of mechanisms creating the desired dislocations homogeneously distributed within the grains. This leads to a lattice thermal conductivity as low as 0.4 Wm−1 K−1 and a high thermoelectric figure of merit, which can be explained by a dislocation scattering model. The vacancy engineering strategy used here should be equally applicable for solid solution thermoelectrics and provides a strategy for improving zT.
One-dimensional organic lead halide perovskites with efficient bluish white-light emission
Authors: Yuan Zhao , Zhou Chenkun , Tian Yu , Shu Yu , Messier Joshua , Wang Jamie C. , van de Burgt Lambertus J. , Kountouriotis Konstantinos , Xin Yan , Holt Ethan , Schanze Kirk , Clark Ronald , Siegrist Theo , Ma Biwu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOrganic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites, an emerging class of solution processable photoactive materials, welcome a new member with a one-dimensional structure. Herein we report the synthesis, crystal structure and photophysical properties of one-dimensional organic lead bromide perovskites, C4N2H14PbBr4, in which the edge sharing octahedral lead bromide chains [PbBr4 2−]∞ are surrounded by the organic cations C4N2H14 2+ to form the bulk assembly of core-shell quantum wires. This unique one-dimensional structure enables strong quantum confinement with the formation of self-trapped excited states that give efficient bluish white-light emissions with photoluminescence quantum efficiencies of approximately 20% for the bulk single crystals and 12% for the microscale crystals. This work verifies once again that one-dimensional systems are favourable for exciton self-trapping to produce highly efficient below-gap broadband luminescence, and opens up a new route towards superior light emitters based on bulk quantum materials.
Investigation of phonon coherence and backscattering using silicon nanomeshes
Authors: Lee Jaeho , Lee Woochul , Wehmeyer Geoff , Dhuey Scott , Olynick Deirdre L. , Cabrini Stefano , Dames Chris , Urban Jeffrey J. , Yang Peidong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPhonons can display both wave-like and particle-like behaviour during thermal transport. While thermal transport in silicon nanomeshes has been previously interpreted by phonon wave effects due to interference with periodic structures, as well as phonon particle effects including backscattering, the dominant mechanism responsible for thermal conductivity reductions below classical predictions still remains unclear. Here we isolate the wave-related coherence effects by comparing periodic and aperiodic nanomeshes, and quantify the backscattering effect by comparing variable-pitch nanomeshes. We measure identical (within 6% uncertainty) thermal conductivities for periodic and aperiodic nanomeshes of the same average pitch, and reduced thermal conductivities for nanomeshes with smaller pitches. Ray tracing simulations support the measurement results. We conclude phonon coherence is unimportant for thermal transport in silicon nanomeshes with periodicities of 100 nm and higher and temperatures above 14 K, and phonon backscattering, as manifested in the classical size effect, is responsible for the thermal conductivity reduction.
Evolution of form in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Lee Jiyoung , Kwak Ja Hun , Choe Wonyoung 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSelf-assembly has proven to be a widely successful synthetic strategy for functional materials, especially for metal–organic materials (MOMs), an emerging class of porous materials consisting of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs). However, there are areas in MOM synthesis in which such self-assembly has not been fully utilized, such as controlling the interior of MOM crystals. Here we demonstrate sequential self-assembly strategy for synthesizing various forms of MOM crystals, including double-shell hollow MOMs, based on single-crystal to single-crystal transformation from MOP to MOF. Moreover, this synthetic strategy also yields other forms, such as solid, core-shell, double and triple matryoshka, and single-shell hollow MOMs, thereby exhibiting form evolution in MOMs. We anticipate that this synthetic approach might open up a new direction for the development of diverse forms in MOMs, with highly advanced areas such as sequential drug delivery/release and heterogeneous cascade catalysis targeted in the foreseeable future.
Benchmarking of Whole Exome Sequencing and Ad Hoc Designed Panels for Genetic Testing of Hereditary Cancer
Authors: Feliubadaló Lídia , Tonda Raúl , Gausachs Mireia , Trotta Jean-Rémi , Castellanos Elisabeth , López-Doriga Adriana , Teulé Àlex , Tornero Eva , del Valle Jesús , Gel Bernat , Gut Marta , Pineda Marta , González Sara , Menéndez Mireia , Navarro Matilde , Capellá Gabriel , Gut Ivo , Serra Eduard , Brunet Joan , Beltran Sergi , Lázaro Conxi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNext generation sequencing panels have been developed for hereditary cancer, although there is some debate about their cost-effectiveness compared to exome sequencing. The performance of two panels is compared to exome sequencing. Twenty-four patients were selected: ten with identified mutations (control set) and fourteen suspicious of hereditary cancer but with no mutation (discovery set). TruSight Cancer (94 genes) and a custom panel (122 genes) were assessed alongside exome sequencing. Eighty-three genes were targeted by the two panels and exome sequencing. More than 99% of bases had a read depth of over 30x in the panels, whereas exome sequencing covered 94%. Variant calling with standard settings identified the 10 mutations in the control set, with the exception ofMSH6c.255dupC using TruSight Cancer. In the discovery set, 240 unique non-silent coding and canonic splice-site variants were identified in the panel genes, 7 of them putatively pathogenic (inATM,BARD1,CHEK2,ERCC3,FANCL,FANCM,MSH2). The three approaches identified a similar number of variants in the shared genes. Exomes were more expensive than panels but provided additional data. In terms of cost and depth, panels are a suitable option for genetic diagnostics, although exomes also identify variants in non-targeted genes.
PaPrBaG: A machine learning approach for the detection of novel pathogens from NGS data
Authors: Deneke Carlus , Rentzsch Robert , Renard Bernhard Y. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe reliable detection of novel bacterial pathogens from next-generation sequencing data is a key challenge for microbial diagnostics. Current computational tools usually rely on sequence similarity and often fail to detect novel species when closely related genomes are unavailable or missing from the reference database. Here we present the machine learning based approach PaPrBaG (Pathogenicity Prediction for Bacterial Genomes). PaPrBaG overcomes genetic divergence by training on a wide range of species with known pathogenicity phenotype. To that end we compiled a comprehensive list of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria with human host, using various genome metadata in conjunction with a rule-based protocol. A detailed comparative study reveals that PaPrBaG has several advantages over sequence similarity approaches. Most importantly, it always provides a prediction whereas other approaches discard a large number of sequencing reads with low similarity to currently known reference genomes. Furthermore, PaPrBaG remains reliable even at very low genomic coverages. CombiningPaPrBaG with existing approaches further improves prediction results.
Optical High Content Nanoscopy of Epigenetic Marks Decodes Phenotypic Divergence in Stem Cells
Authors: Kim Joseph J. , Bennett Neal K. , Devita Mitchel S. , Chahar Sanjay , Viswanath Satish , Lee Eunjee A. , Jung Giyoung , Shao Paul P. , Childers Erin P. , Liu Shichong , Kulesa Anthony , Garcia Benjamin A. , Becker Matthew L. , Hwang Nathaniel S. , Madabhushi Anant , Verzi Michael P. , Moghe Prabhas V. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhile distinct stem cell phenotypes follow global changes in chromatin marks, single-cell chromatin technologies are unable to resolve or predict stem cell fates. We propose the first such use of optical high content nanoscopy of histone epigenetic marks (epi-marks) in stem cells to classify emergent cell states. By combining nanoscopy with epi-mark textural image informatics, we developed a novel approach, termed EDICTS (Epi-mark Descriptor Imaging of Cell Transitional States), to discern chromatin organizational changes, demarcate lineage gradations across a range of stem cell types and robustly track lineage restriction kinetics. We demonstrate the utility of EDICTS by predicting the lineage progression of stem cells cultured on biomaterial substrates with graded nanotopographies and mechanical stiffness, thus parsing the role of specific biophysical cues as sensitive epigenetic drivers. We also demonstrate the unique power of EDICTS to resolve cellular states based on epi-marks that cannot be detected via mass spectrometry based methods for quantifying the abundance of histone post-translational modifications. Overall, EDICTS represents a powerful new methodology to predict single cell lineage decisions by integrating high content super-resolution nanoscopy and imaging informatics of the nuclear organization of epi-marks.
Novel Therapeutics Identification for Fibrosis in Renal Allograft Using Integrative Informatics Approach
Authors: Li Li , Greene Ilana , Readhead Benjamin , Menon Madhav C. , Kidd Brian A. , Uzilov Andrew V. , Wei Chengguo , Philippe Nimrod , Schroppel Bernd , He John Cijiang , Chen Rong , Dudley Joel T. , Murphy Barbara 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChronic allograft damage, defined by interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA), is a leading cause of allograft failure. Few effective therapeutic options are available to prevent the progression of IF/TA. We applied a meta-analysis approach on IF/TA molecular datasets in Gene Expression Omnibus to identify a robust 85-gene signature, which was used for computational drug repurposing analysis. Among the top ranked compounds predicted to be therapeutic for IF/TA were azathioprine, a drug to prevent acute rejection in renal transplantation, and kaempferol and esculetin, two drugs not previously described to have efficacy for IF/TA. We experimentally validated the anti-fibrosis effects of kaempferol and esculetin using renal tubular cellsin vitroandin vivoin a mouse Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction (UUO) model. Kaempferol significantly attenuated TGF-β1-mediated profibrotic pathwaysin vitroandin vivo, while esculetin significantly inhibited Wnt/β-catenin pathwayin vitro and in vivo. Histology confirmed significantly abrogated fibrosis by kaempferol and esculetinin vivo. We developed an integrative computational framework to identify kaempferol and esculetin as putatively novel therapies for IF/TA and provided experimental evidence for their therapeutic activitiesin vitroandin vivousing preclinical models. The findings suggest that both drugs might serve as therapeutic options for IF/TA.
A four-compartment PBPK heart model accounting for cardiac metabolism - model development and application
Authors: Tylutki Zofia , Polak Sebastian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn the field of cardiac drug efficacy and safety assessment, information on drug concentration in heart tissue is desirable. Because measuring drug concentrations in human cardiac tissue is challenging in healthy volunteers, mathematical models are used to cope with such limitations. With a goal of predicting drug concentration in cardiac tissue, we have developed a whole-body PBPK model consisting of seventeen perfusion-limited compartments. The proposed PBPK heart model consisted of four compartments: the epicardium, midmyocardium, endocardium, and pericardial fluid, and accounted for cardiac metabolism using CYP450. The model was written in R. The plasma:tissues partition coefficients (Kp) were calculated in Simcyp Simulator. The model was fitted to the concentrations of amitriptyline in plasma and the heart. The estimated parameters were as follows: 0.80 for the absorption rate [h−1], 52.6 for Kprest, 0.01 for the blood flow through the pericardial fluid [L/h], and 0.78 for the P-parameter describing the diffusion between the pericardial fluid and epicardium [L/h]. The total cardiac clearance of amitriptyline was calculated as 0.316 L/h. Although the model needs further improvement, the results support its feasibility, and it is a first attempt to provide an active drug concentration in various locations within heart tissue using a PBPK approach.
Global Prioritizing Disease Candidate lncRNAs via a Multi-level Composite Network
Authors: Yao Qianlan , Wu Leilei , Li Jia , Yang Li guang , Sun Yidi , Li Zhen , He Sheng , Feng Fangyoumin , Li Hong , Li Yixue 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLncRNAs play pivotal roles in many important biological processes, but research on the functions of lncRNAs in human disease is still in its infancy. Therefore, it is urgent to prioritize lncRNAs that are potentially associated with diseases. In this work, we developed a novel algorithm, LncPriCNet, that uses a multi-level composite network to prioritize candidate lncRNAs associated with diseases. By integrating genes, lncRNAs, phenotypes and their associations, LncPriCNet achieves an overall performance superior to that of previous methods, with high AUC values of up to 0.93. Notably, LncPriCNet still performs well when information on known disease lncRNAs is lacking. When applied to breast cancer, LncPriCNet identified known breast cancer-related lncRNAs, revealed novel lncRNA candidates and inferred their functions via pathway analysis. We further constructed the human disease-lncRNA landscape, revealed the modularity of the disease-lncRNA network and identified several lncRNA hotspots. In summary, LncPriCNet is a useful tool for prioritizing disease-related lncRNAs and may facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of human disease at the lncRNA level.
Population cycles and species diversity in dynamic Kill-the-Winner model of microbial ecosystems
Authors: Maslov Sergei , Sneppen Kim 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDeterminants of species diversity in microbial ecosystems remain poorly understood. Bacteriophages are believed to increase the diversity by the virtue of Kill-the-Winner infection bias preventing the fastest growing organism from taking over the community. Phage-bacterial ecosystems are traditionally described in terms of the static equilibrium state of Lotka-Volterra equations in which bacterial growth is exactly balanced by losses due to phage predation. Here we consider a more dynamic scenario in which phage infections give rise to abrupt and severe collapses of bacterial populations whenever they become sufficiently large. As a consequence, each bacterial population in our model follows cyclic dynamics of exponential growth interrupted by sudden declines. The total population of all species fluctuates around the carrying capacity of the environment, making these cycles cryptic. While a subset of the slowest growing species in our model is always driven towards extinction, in general the overall ecosystem diversity remains high. The number of surviving species is inversely proportional to the variation in their growth rates but increases with the frequency and severity of phage-induced collapses. Thus counter-intuitively we predict that microbial communities exposed to more violent perturbations should have higher diversity.