bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human immunodeficiency virus exposed child feeding and maternal enriching factors
Authors: Desalegn Birhan , Legesse Misgan , Kebede Bizuneh Fassikaw 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Globally, each year 1.3 million neonates acquire human immunodeficiency virus during pregnancy, labour, and breastfeeding time. Replacing breastfeeding with recommended safe infant feeding practices significantly reduces the risk of transmission, nearly eliminating it. This study aimed to assess Human immunodeficiency virus exposed child feeding among 314 mothers with infants under 24 months old. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique, and data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses employed to identify determinants for safe infant feeding. During interviews, the mean age of women was 32.35 years (standard deviation±4.5), and infants were 10.8(±3.951) months. The overall safe infant feeding was 67.2% (95% CI: 61.7, 72.9), with a mean knowledge score. By the study’s end, 9 infants (2.89%) were confirmed to be infected with virus based on dried blood sample test. Maternal promoting factors for safe infant practice included infant age 25–35 years (adjusted odd ratio (aOR) =2.9) completing high school education (adjusted odd ratio = 9.2), having a good knowledge score for infant feeding (adjusted odd ratio = 8.2), and urban residency (adjusted odd ratio = 2.2). On the other hand, being married made it 83% less likely for safe infant feeding practices (adjusted odd ratio = 0.17) compared to those never in a union. Two in three mothers practiced safe infant feeding for their HIV-exposed infants, with a mean knowledge score of 70.3%. Therefore, healthcare providers give accurate information and counselling services to make informed decisions about infant safe feeding.
Geographic and epistemic pluralism in the sources of evidence informing international environmental science–policy platforms: lessons learnt from the IPBES values assessment
Authors: Guibrunet Louise , González-Jiménez David , Arroyo-Robles Gabriela , Cantú-Fernández Mariana , Contreras Victoria , Flores Mendez Daniela , Ocampo Castrejón Arlen Valeria , Lliso Bosco , Monroy-Sais Ana Sofía , Mwampamba Tuyeni H. , Pascual Unai , Baptiste Brigitte , Christie Mike , Balvanera Patricia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Non-technical summary
This article examines the challenges and opportunities to integrate diverse sources of evidence in assessments produced by international platforms working at the science–policy interface. Diversity (or pluralism) of sources of literature, both in terms of their geographic origin and disciplinary focus, is essential for assessments to inform decision-making across social–ecological contexts. Using the recently completed ‘Methodological Assessment of the Diverse Values and Valuation of Nature’ of the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services as a case, we find that significant effort has been dedicated to reviewing diverse literature. We discuss three strategies to expand pluralism in future assessments.

Technical summary
Representing plural views in science–policy platforms is essential to avoid reproducing geographic and epistemic biases that permeate contemporary scientific knowledge production and synthesis. The Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) has strived to produce assessments that incorporate information from diverse regions and knowledge systems. We explore the geographic and epistemic pluralism of the literature included in the ‘Methodological Assessment of the Diverse Values and Valuation of Nature’ (VA), and the challenges and opportunities to achieve such knowledge pluralism. We applied a bibliometric analysis to the sources of evidence cited in the VA, and reflected on the assessment development process, in which we were directly involved. Our results highlight the success of different strategies developed by VA experts to engage with diverse sources of literature. Still, most evidence was English-language academic literature produced in Western Europe, Canada, and the United States, echoing the prominence of this literature in scientific publication in environmental disciplines. Reflecting on our experiences, we discuss strategies that could further enhance the geographic and epistemic pluralism in the information reviewed for future environmental assessments produced by IPBES and other international science–policy platforms.

Social media summary
Epistemic and geographic pluralism was partially achieved in IPBES Values Assessment, and can be further enhanced in future assessments.
Navigating systemic risks: governance of and for systemic risks
Authors: Schweizer Pia-Johanna , Juhola Sirkku 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Non-technical summary
Systemic risks such as climate change and pandemics are complex and interconnected. Managing such risks requires effective organisational structures and processes. This publication presents conceptually robust, evidence-based approaches for assessing and managing systemic risks.

Technical summary
Systemic risks originate and evolve in the nexus of tightly coupled dynamic systems, which are a characteristic of modern societies in the Anthropocene. Systemic risk implies the breakdown of a system which provides essential functions to society. Connectivity between systems is a key enabler for systemic risk to manifest through cascading effects. Thus, systemic risks originate and evolve in the nexus of tightly coupled dynamic systems. Cascading effects and the convergence of systemic risks with conventional risks as well as other systemic risks challenge the established modes of risk governance that still rest to a large extent on differentiation and compartmentalisation. Thus, governance of systemic risks requires an integrative approach towards risk governance that combines interdisciplinary risk analysis with iterative, adaptive and inclusive governance procedures. By drawing on the case studies of the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change, this paper proposes an innovative risk governance framework for systemic risks based on the integration of systems analysis and a governance procedure with the salient features of reflection, iteration, inclusion, transparency and accountability.

Social media summary
Systemic risks highlight the interconnected nature of our contemporary societies which calls for tailored responses.
Navigating Constraints: Activist Strategies in the Vietnamese LGBT+ Movement
Authors: Mai Yên 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the past decade, the Vietnamese lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and other sexual orientations and gender identities (LGBT+) movement has succeeded in repositioning this population from the stigmatising label of “social evils” to a more positive social representation. Despite the limited space for civil society in this authoritarian environment, Vietnamese activists and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have effectively changed public attitudes, improved visibility, and gained legal recognition for this marginalised community. This study uses qualitative data from interviews with twelve activists and fieldwork observations to explain how activist strategies in this setting align with the “service delivery” function of civil society. By examining how activists have addressed healthcare and education deficits, I demonstrate that activism in authoritarian regimes can be effective when it assists instead of challenges the government. The findings contribute to scholarship on global queer activism by demonstrating how a service delivery approach can achieve social change, highlighting the role of NGOs and international development in this process. Additionally, the findings expose existing challenges that hinder these activists’ efforts, showing how funding dependency and inadequate legal recognition can significantly limit the creativity and autonomy of grassroots activist groups.
Elternschaft und Krebs: Psychische Belastungen und Erziehungsverhalten bei krebskranken Eltern mit Kindern im Alter von 0 – 12 Jahren
Authors: Runde Annkathrin , Uslu Cennet , Friedhoff Jana , Zimmermann Tanja 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Jedes Jahr erkranken ca. 37 000 Eltern mit minderjährigen Kindern an Krebs. Dies kann bei allen Familienmitgliedern zu einer erhöhten psychischen Belastung (insbesondere Angst und Depressivität) und Zunahme an psychischen Folgeerkrankungen führen. Fragestellung: Die psychische Belastung sowie das Erziehungsverhalten unterscheiden sich bei krebskranken Eltern im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung und Krebserkrankten im Allgemeinen. Methode: N = 98 krebskranke Eltern von 0 – 12-jährigen Kindern füllten Fragebögen zu psychischem Wohlbefinden, Belastung, Erziehungsverhalten und Verhalten der Kinder aus. Ergebnisse: Eltern mit Krebs zeigten im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung oder zu Krebserkrankten im Allgemeinen eine niedrige Lebensqualität und höhere Werte für Angst, Depression und Belastungen. Der Behandlungsstatus hat keinen Einfluss auf die Belastung. Krebskranke Eltern zeigten im Erziehungsverhalten mehr Nachsichtigkeit. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Eine Krebserkrankung für Menschen, die minderjährige Kinder versorgen, scheint eine Doppelbelastung zu sein, die gezielte Unterstützung sowohl für die individuellen Belastungen als auch für die Erziehung erfordert. In der klinischen Routine werden betroffene Familien allerdings bisher nicht ausreichend identifiziert und erhalten somit keine adäquaten Unterstützungsangebote.
Constraining Regional Hydrological Sensitivity Over Tropical Oceans
Authors: He Jie , Deng Yi , Fosu Boniface , Lin Yen‐Heng , Lu Kezhou 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRegional hydrological sensitivity (i.e., precipitation change per degree local surface warming) contributes substantially to the uncertainty in future precipitation projections over tropical oceans. Here, we investigate the sensitivity of relative precipitation (P*, precipitation divided by the basin average precipitation) to local sea surface temperature (SST) change by dissecting it into three components, namely the sensitivity of P* to relative SST (SSTrel, SST minus the tropical mean SST) changes, the sensitivity of P* to surface convergence changes, and the sensitivity of surface convergence to SST gradient changes. We show that the relationships between P* and SSTrel, and between P*, surface convergence, and SST gradients are largely constant during climate change. This allows us to constrain regional hydrological sensitivity based on present‐day SST‐precipitation relationships. The sensitivity of surface convergence to SST gradient changes is a main source of uncertainty in regional hydrological sensitivity and is likely underestimated in GCMs.
Prominent Impact of Re‐Occurring La Niña on Boreal Winter North Tropical Atlantic SST
Authors: Li Saihua , Zhang Wenjun , Jiang Feng , Hu Suqiong , Zhang Teng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe influence of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) sea surface temperature (SST) is well‐documented in boreal spring, yet it manifests greater complexity in winter. Distinct from El Niño, La Niña has a statistically significant impact on winter NTA SST, which is primarily contributed by the re‐occurring (i.e., second and third years of multi‐year) La Niña events. Despite similar atmospheric forcing, prominent SST anomalies are observed in the NTA during the re‐occurring La Niña winters but not in the first‐year La Niña winters, mainly due to different initial states associated with previous tropical Pacific forcing. Targeted pacemaker experiments well reproduce the robust impacts of re‐occurring La Niña events on the wintertime NTA SST, highlighting the crucial impact of ENSO cycle complexity in its inter‐basin linkages.
Gamma irradiation effects on photoluminescence and semiconducting properties of non-conventional heavy metal binary PbO–Bi2O3 glasses
Authors: Marzouk M. A. , Ali I. S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNon-conventional heavy metal oxide glasses have attracted great interest owing to their unique optical properties and their radiation shielding behavior. Non-conventional glasses of main chemical composition (100 − x) PbO–xBi2O3 where x = 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, and 5 were prepared through the conventional melting and annealing approach. X-ray diffraction measurements denoted the amorphous nature of the prepared glasses. The optical absorption in the UV–visible range recorded strong UV-near visible absorption spectra that correlated to trivalent Bi3+ ions. The optical band gap Eopt, Urbach energy ∆E, and the refractive index were identified for the prepared glasses employing the cognizant theories. The variations in the optical parameters have been associated with the increasing Bi2O3 and the doses of γ- irradiation. The photoluminescent properties of the prepared non-conventional binary Bi2O3–PbO glasses were recorded in the visible range after UV excitation and the color coordinates are located and distributed in the hue violet degree. FT-IR spectroscopic measurements before and after gamma irradiation were applied to investigate the structural changes in the binary heavy metal PbO–Bi2O3 glasses. FTIR data specified that the glass network is composed of different structural building units from BiO3/BiO6 and PbO3/PbO4 depending on the addition ratio between PbO and Bi2O3.
Autologous micrografting improves regeneration of tissue-engineered urinary conduits in vivo
Authors: Juul Nikolai , Amoushahi Mahboobeh , Willacy Oliver , Ji Micki , Villa Chiara , Ajalloueian Fatemeh , Chamorro Clara , Fossum Magdalena 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUrogenital reconstructive malformation surgery is sometimes hampered by lack of tissue for the repair. We have previously shown that autologous micrografting allows for single-staged scaffold cellularization after surgical implantation. Here, a collagen-based scaffold reinforced with biodegradable mesh and a stent was implanted as a bladder conduit in ten full-grown female minipigs. We aimed to assess short-term regenerative outcomes, safety, and feasibility of implanting tubular urinary micrografted scaffolds versus acellular controls. Five scaffolds were embedded with autologous urothelial micrografts harvested perioperatively. After six weeks, all animals were assessed by cystoscopy, CT-urography, and microanatomical assessment of the urinary conduits. The procedure proved technically feasible within the confines of a regular surgical theater, with duration-times comparable to corresponding conventional procedures. No animals experienced postoperative complications, and all implanted conduits were patent at follow-up. Improved tissue regeneration was observed in the micrografted conduits compared with the acellular controls, including increased luminal epithelialization, increased cell proliferation, decreased cell apoptosis, and increased conduit vascularization. We concluded that single-staged on-site construction and implantation of tissue engineered urinary conduits proved feasible and safe, with improved regenerative potentials in micrografted conduits. This study presents a new approach to urinary conduits, and merits further investigations for advancement towards clinical translation.
Toxin-mediated depletion of NAD and NADP drives persister formation in a human pathogen
Authors: Santi Isabella , Dias Teixeira Raphael , Manfredi Pablo , Hernandez Gonzalez Hector , Spiess Daniel C , Mas Guillaume , Klotz Alexander , Kaczmarczyk Andreas , Zamboni Nicola , Hiller Sebastian , Jenal Urs 
Published: September 2024

AbstractToxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in bacteria and implicated in genome stability, virulence, phage defense, and persistence. TA systems have diverse activities and cellular targets, but their physiological roles and regulatory mechanisms are often unclear. Here, we show that the NatR–NatT TA system, which is part of the core genome of the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, generates drug-tolerant persisters by specifically depleting nicotinamide dinucleotides. While actively growing P. aeruginosa cells compensate for NatT-mediated NAD+ deficiency by inducing the NAD+ salvage pathway, NAD depletion generates drug-tolerant persisters under nutrient-limited conditions. Our structural and biochemical analyses propose a model for NatT toxin activation and autoregulation and indicate that NatT activity is subject to powerful metabolic feedback control by the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide. Based on the identification of natT gain-of-function alleles in patient isolates and on the observation that NatT increases P. aeruginosa virulence, we postulate that NatT modulates pathogen fitness during infections. These findings pave the way for detailed investigations into how a toxin–antitoxin system can promote pathogen persistence by disrupting essential metabolic pathways.
Cultivating an Organizational Culture of Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Grandbois Kate , McGrath Shana , Penrod Sara , Douglas Natalie 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to contend that evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation in neurogenic communication disorders is heavily influenced by the organizational culture where services are delivered. We describe examples of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) strategically integrating themselves into their workplaces to cultivate an organizational culture of EBP by altering infrastructure and developing relationships.

Conclusions:
SLPs have potential to be powerful influencers of organizational culture to support EBP. Implementation strategies that have organizational impact may also facilitate closing the research-to-practice gap in neurogenic communication disorders.
Rolle der künstlichen Intelligenz bei verschiedenen retinalen Erkrankungen
Authors: Mai Julia , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie künstliche Intelligenz (KI) hat bereits Einzug in die Augenheilkunde gefunden durch erste zugelassene Algorithmen, die in der Praxis angewendet werden können. Als ein relevantes Anwendungsgebiet der KI erweisen sich insbesondere retinale Erkrankungen, da sie die Hauptursache einer Erblindung darstellen und die Zahl an Patienten, die an einer Netzhauterkrankung leiden, stetig zunimmt. Gleichzeitig werden durch die regelmäßige standardisierte und gut reproduzierbare Bildgebung mittels hochauflösender Modalitäten immense Datenmengen generiert, die von menschlichen Experten kaum zu verarbeiten sind. Außerdem erfährt die Augenheilkunde stetig neue Entwicklungen und Durchbrüche, die einer Reevaluierung des Patientenmanagements in der klinischen Routine bedürfen. Die KI ist in der Lage, diese Datenmengen effizient und objektiv zu analysieren und zusätzlich durch die Identifizierung relevanter Biomarker neue Einblicke in Krankheitsprozesse sowie Therapiemechanismen zu liefern.
Die KI kann maßgeblich zum Screening, zur Klassifizierung sowie zur Prognose von unterschiedlichen Netzhauterkrankungen beitragen. Anwendungsfreundliche Auswertungstools (Clinical Decision Support Systems) für den klinischen Alltag sind bereits erhältlich, die Praxis und Gesundheitssystem durch effizientere Nutzung kosten- und zeitintensiver Ressourcen erheblich entlasten.
The Effect of Micromechanical Surface Preparation and Adhesive Surface Modification Strategies on Resin-Matrix Ceramic Repair Bond Strength Using Universal Adhesive Containing Silane Agent
Authors: Klaisiri Awiruth , Maneenacarith Apichai , Sriamporn Tool 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives This research assesses the effect of the different micromechanical surface preparations and chemically adhesive surface modification strategies applied to resin-matrix ceramics (Shofu Block HC) repaired using resin composites.
Materials and Methods Eighty resin-matrix ceramics were conducted and designed into eight groups of 10 specimens and surface treated with (1) micromechanical preparation with sandblast (SB) or hydrofluoric acid (HF), and (2) chemically adhesive techniques with HC primer (HC) and/or silane (Si) and/or conventional adhesive (AD) or universal adhesive (UA) designing are as follows: group 1, SB + HC; group 2, SB + HC + AD; group 3, SB + HC + Si + AD; group 4, SB + HC + UA; group 5, HF + HC; group 6, HF + HC + AD; group 7, HF + HC + Si + AD; and group 8, HF + HC + UA. An ultradent model was put on the specimen center, then filled resin composite. Mechanical testing instrument was used to determine the samples' microshear bond strength (MSBS). To inspect failure modes, a stereomicroscope was used for observing the debonded surfaces.
Statistical Analysis To assess the data, a one-way analysis of variance was employed, and the significant level (p < 0.05) was established with Tukey's test.
Results Group 3 (29.29 ± 2.58 MPa) and group 4 (28.34 ± 1.26 MPa) demonstrated the two maximum MSBS values. The minimum MSBS (10.02 ± 3.31 MPa) was discovered by group 5. Nevertheless, group 2's MSBS values (22.78 ± 2.44 MPa) differed significantly from the values for groups 3 and 4. All the fractured samples in groups 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 had an adhesive failure pattern. Furthermore, group 3 presented the greatest mixed failures (40%).
Conclusion The SB is the most effective protocol for producing micromechanical retention. The application of HC primer and Si agent prior to the adhesive agent is the best chemical adhesive strategy for sandblasted resin-matrix ceramic surfaces. Additionally, the application of HC primer before the use of UA containing acid-resistant Si is the best alternative chemical adhesive strategy for improving the MSBS.
Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Craniofrontonasal Syndrome due to Contiguous Gene Deletion Involving AWAT2, EFNB1, EDA, OTUD6A, and PJA1 Genes
Authors: Gupta Mansi , Nerakh Gayatri 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCraniofrontonasal syndrome (CFNS; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man [OMIM] 340110) is an infrequent X linked disorder characterized by specific facial features and digital abnormalities with or without visceral anomalies. There is a peculiar paradoxical difference in severity of the phenotype in heterozygous females compared to hemizygous males. Here, we present a case where the mother, with clinical features of the syndrome, had terminated her previous pregnancy as the fetus had partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. Exome sequencing of the mother revealed no pathogenic variants related to the phenotype. Chromosomal microarray revealed 1.3-Mb pathogenic heterozygous deletion in chromosome X encompassing the Xq13.1 region with five OMIM genes, including EFNB1 gene related to craniofrontonasal syndrome. Detailed phenotyping of the parents and exact genetic etiology with molecular mechanism is important to arrive at a definitive diagnosis crucial for genetic counseling and definitive prenatal testing.
Stability and regularization for ill-posed Cauchy problem of a stochastic parabolic differential equation
Authors: Dou Fangfang , Lü Peimin , Wang Yu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate an ill-posed Cauchy problem involving a stochastic parabolic equation. We first establish a Carleman estimate for this equation. Leveraging this estimate, we are able to derive the conditional stability and convergence rate of the Tikhonov regularization method for the aforementioned ill-posed Cauchy problem. To complement our theoretical analysis, we employ kernel-based learning theory to implement the completed Tikhonov regularization method for several numerical examples.