bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Multi‐Criteria Analysis on Climate Adaptation Assessment in the Context of Least Developed Countries
Authors: Haque Anika Nasra 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe developing countries are suffering the most because of climatic variability and they have an enormous backlog in basic infrastructure to protect their cities. In addition, the resources and technical expertise are limited. Therefore, the adaptation measures to protect their cities are needed to be planned and prioritized carefully to reduce the vulnerability simultaneously considering the risk reduction, local constraints and development goals. A framework for prioritization of adaptation measures is lacking in the decision making in this context which could immensely assist in informed and structured decisions during the planning process of adaptation strategies in developing countries. This paper is exploring the potential of Multi‐Criteria Analysis as a methodology for climate adaptation assessment in order to prioritize the adaptation measures to be undertaken. Hence in this paper Adaptation assessment is conducted within the framework of Multi‐Criteria Analysis methodology which allows both normative judgement and technical expertise in the assessment process. Such a participatory integrated assessment of adaptation options is a new approach in flood management in least developed countries. The assessment framework has been applied and tested at the Eastern fringe of Dhaka city which is highly vulnerable to flooding. Based on the assessment and analysis, adaptive measures are prioritized to enable more effective action. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple‐parameter Optimization in Drug Discovery: Example of the 5‐HT1B GPCR
Authors: Glen Robert Charles , Galloway Warren R. J. D. , Spring David R. , Liwiki Gemma 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEarly phase drug discovery is a multi‐parameter optimisation process. Finding drugable targets, discovering starting points for lead optimisation and creating novel structures with new biological properties within these constraints is challenging. As an example of a drug optimisation strategy, recent work on 5‐HT1B antagonists will be described. This is put in the context of the drugability of the target, the desired physicochemical properties of the desired molecules and approaches to compound design to create high affinity, selective molecules that are optimised to have low Central Nervous System (CNS) penetration.
A Nonlinear Electro-Mechanical Analysis of Nanobeams Based on the Size-Dependent Piezoelectricity Theory
Authors: Beni Y. T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNonlinear formulation of isotropic piezoelectric Euler-Bernoulli nano-beam is developed based on consistent size-dependent piezoelectricity theory. By considering geometrically nonlinear and axial displacement of the centroid of beam sections, basic nonlinear equations of piezoelectric nanobeam are derived using Hamilton's principle and variational method. Afterwards, in the special case for the formulation derived, hinged-hinged piezoelectric nanobeam is studied, and static deflection as well as free vibrations of the nanobeam under mechanical loads is determined. In this case, results of the linear formulation of the size-dependent theory are compared to those of the linear and nonlinear classical continuum theory.
How to Define a Bonus-Malus System with an Exponential Utility Function
Authors: Lemaire Jean 
Published: July 2016

We compute a merit-rating system for automobile third party liability insurance by two different ways, both with the help of an exponential utility function.(i) We apply the principle of zero utility to exponential utilities.(ii) We break the symmetry between the overcharges and the undercharges by weighting them differently through the introduction of a utility function, in order to penalize the overcharges.The results are applied to the portfolio of a Belgian company and compared to the premium system provided by the expected value principle.Deux méthodes différentes, basées sur l'emploi de fonctions d'utilité exponentielles nous permettent de définir un système bonus-malus en assurance automobile:(i) le principe de l'utilité nulle;(ii) la pénalisation des injustices de la compagnie, obtenue en pondérant les erreurs de prime au moyen d'une fonction d'utilité de manière à briser la symétrie entre les primes trop élevées et les primes trop basses.Les résultats théoriques sont appliqués au portefeuille d'une compagnie belge et comparés aux primes fournies par le principe de l'espérance mathématique.
Antidepressive Kombinationsbehandlung bei Patienten mit schwerer depressiver Episode: Verordnungspraxis am Beispiel einer klinischen Stichprobe 2012
Authors: Schmidt-Kraepelin Christian , Horstkötter Eva , Zielasek Jürgen , Otten Marina , Cordes Joachim 
Published: July 2016

Zusammenfassung
Anliegen Der Einsatz antidepressiver Kombinationsbehandlungen wurde bisher nur in wenigen Studien untersucht.
Methode Die Verschreibungspraxis antidepressiver Kombinationstherapien wurde am LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf bei Patienten mit schwerer depressiver Episode (ICD-10 F32.2 und F33.2) retrospektiv untersucht.
Ergebnis Von 1198 stationären und teilstationären Fällen erhielten 25,1 % eine Kombination aus zwei oder mehr Antidepressiva.
Schlussfolgerung Kombinationstherapien werden häufig eingesetzt, was einem geringen Empfehlungsgrad der Behandlungsleitlinie gegenübersteht.
Clusters on the road to internationalization – evidence from a CEE economy
Authors: Jankowska Barbara , Główka Cezary 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to respond to the call for empirical research on cluster internationalization to learn more about the mechanism of cluster internationalization and the intensity of this process in a Polish context, which is specific due to Poland.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors provide a conceptual model of cluster internationalization and show results of their own primary, empirical and quantitative research on cluster internationalization in Poland.

Findings
The study reveals that Polish clusters are at the beginning of the internationalization process, particularly of the outward internationalization. The most popular mode of internationalization is exports. The level of Polish cluster internationalization operations is relatively low.

Research limitations/implications
Data were provided by cluster managers, but none of the cluster organizations had a reliable monitoring system for the international involvement of cluster members. These results are merely a snapshot; therefore, a longitudinal study should also be carried out.

Social implications
The research demonstrates that cluster companies can take advantage of internationalization operations performed by cluster organizations. The attempts of Polish government should be directed to push the internationalization of micros and small and medium-sized enterprises via cluster initiatives on the one hand and on the other hand to develop some kind of incentives for large companies to participate in cluster organizations as in reality exports are dominated by large firms.

Originality/value
The main value added of this paper consists in developing the conceptual model of cluster internationalization and applying the model in empirical research on the internationalization of Polish clusters. The study bridges the theory of firm internationalization, especially the approaches to firm internationalization with the theory of clusters. It offers insight into internationalization of clusters in Poland.
Exploring the experiences of administrative interns
Authors: Jamison Kimberly , Clayton Jennifer 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify how current administrative interns enrolled in a university administrator preparation program describe and make meaning of their internship experiences.Design/methodology/approach– For this qualitative study, the researchers interviewed administrative interns enrolled in one university preparation program throughout their internship regarding the experiences.Findings– The findings from this study contribute and add value to research in the area of administrator preparation by highlighting the experiences of administrative interns as well as the implications of how interns make meaning of those experiences using a developmental concerns framework. Key factors influencing those perceptions cited by interns as a result of their internship experiences include the interns’ readiness to take on leadership positions, their change in perception of administration, perceptions of journal reflections as an internship component, supporting teachers, receiving feedback from others, and the level of support provided by their internship supervisor.Originality/value– The findings from this study contribute to research in the area of administrator preparation at the university level, specifically pertaining to the structure of the internship, how university preparation programs can respond to interns’ concerns, and the design and emphasis of practicum experiences within those degree or certificate programs.
Leadership training for undergraduate medical students
Authors: Maddalena Victor 
Published: July 2016

PurposePhysicians play an important leadership role in the management and governance of the healthcare system. Yet, many physicians lack formal management and leadership training to prepare them for this challenging role. This Viewpoint article argues that leadership concepts need to be introduced to undergraduate medical students early and throughout their medical education.Design/methodology/approachLeadership is an integral part of medical practice. The recent inclusion of “Leader” competency in the CanMEDS 2015 represents a subtle but important shift from the previous “manager” competency. Providing medical students with the basics of leadership concepts early in their medical education allows them to integrate leadership principles into their professional practice.FindingsThe Faculty of Medicine at the Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN) has developed an eight-module, fully online Physician Leadership Certificate for their undergraduate medical education program. This program is cited as an example of an undergraduate medical curriculum that offers leadership training throughout the 4 years of the MD program.Originality/valueThere are a number of continuing professional development opportunities for physicians in the area of management and leadership. This Viewpoint article challenges undergraduate medical education programs to develop and integrate leadership training in their curricula.
The role of the physician in transforming the culture of healthcare
Authors: Smits Stanley J. , Bowden Dawn E. , Wells James O. 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThe healthcare system in the USA is undergoing unprecedented change and its share of unintended consequences. This paper explores the leadership role of the physician in transforming the present culture of healthcare to restore, refine and preserve its traditional care components.Design/methodology/approachThe literature on change, organizational culture and leadership is leveraged to describe the structural interdependencies and dynamic complexity of the present healthcare system and to suggest how physicians can strengthen the care components of the healthcare culture.FindingsWhen an organization’s culture does not support internal integration and external adaptation, it is the responsibility of leadership to transform it. Leaders can influence culture to strengthen the care components of the healthcare system. The centrality of professionalism in the delivery of patient services places a moral, societal and ethical responsibility on physicians to lead a revitalization of the care culture.Practical implicationsThis paper focuses on cultural issues in healthcare and provides options and guidance for physicians as they attempt to lead and manage the context in which services are delivered.Originality/valueThe Competing Values Framework, the major interdependent domains and five principal mechanisms for leaders to embed and fine tune culture serve as the main tenets for describing the ongoing changes in healthcare and defining the role of the physician as leaders and advocates for the Patient Care Culture.
MRI rectal cancer in Australia and New Zealand: An audit from the PETACC‐6 trial
Authors: Gormly Kirsten L , Coscia Claudio , Wells Tim , Tebbutt Niall , Harvey Jennifer A , Wilson Kate , Schmoll Hans‐Joachim , Price Timothy 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionAn MRI audit substudy was conducted in patients who underwent an MRI prior to treatment in Australia and New Zealand as part of the PETACC‐6 trial in locally advanced rectal cancer.MethodsA total of 82 patients from 15 centres had rectal MRI scans reviewed for technique, data included in reports and comparison of reports with blinded central reporting by two experienced radiologists.ResultsIn total, 82% performed minimum T2 sagittal and T2 axial oblique sequences. The high‐resolution T2 sequence parameters varied significantly with only 33% obtaining a voxel size of <1.3 mm3. The rate of inclusion of relevant findings in the reports was T3 distance in mm 21%, N stage 84%, circumferential resection margin (CRM) status 72%, extramural venous invasion (EMVI) status 29% and distance from the puborectalis sling 17%. In total, 31% reports included all of T stage with T3 substage, N stage and CRM involvement. In total, 17% reports included these 3 findings and EMVI. Eleven reports used a template with 82% of these including the first 3 findings. The agreement with central reporters was T stage 76%, N stage 70%, CRM status 57% and EMVI 16%.ConclusionThere is significant variation in scan quality and low rates of including all relevant findings in rectal MRI reports in the audit. The authors recommend adoption of routine sequences and template reports in both trial settings and routine practice to improve scan technique and adequacy of reports in rectal cancer MRI staging scans across Australia and New Zealand.
Discussion of “Communicated Values as Informal Controls: Promoting Quality While Undermining Productivity?”
Authors: Lynn Hannan R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractKachelmeier, Thornock, and Williamson () investigate experimentally whether an employer's value statement can affect the way employees cognitively represent how they should approach a multi‐attribute task, and therefore performance. Counter‐intuitively, but consistent with their theory, they find that the value statement negatively affects performance for piece‐rate incentivized participants. In my discussion, I elaborate on my comments from the 2013 CAR Conference. Specifically, I discuss contexts where a firm's value statement may have positive effects on performance, and the importance of conducting research investigating how the decisions made by management accountants affect learning.
In Vitro Effects of the Neolignan 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofuran Against Leishmania Amazonensis
Authors: de Castro Oliveira Luciano Gomes , Brito Lucas Moreira , de Moraes Alves Michel Muálem , Amorim Layane Valéria , Sobrinho‐Júnior Enoque Pereira Costa , de Carvalho Camila Ernanda Sousa , da Franca Rodrigues Klinger Antonio , Arcanjo Daniel Dias Rufino , das Graças Lopes Citó Antônia Maria , de Amorim Carvalho Fernando Aécio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLeishmaniasis is an infectious disease complex caused by protozoa from the Leishmania genus, which presents a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations: cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral forms. The current treatments are unsatisfactory considering that few drugs are available and present some level of toxicity. Many lignans and neolignans have been used for the development of new antileishmania drugs. The capability in vitro of the neolignan 2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran (2,3‐DBF), a commonly found constituent of propolis and other plants, to inhibit the growth of promastigote and macrophage‐internalized amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis was investigated. The cytotoxicity of this compound was assessed by MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test in BALB/c murine macrophages and human erythrocyte lysis assay. The 2,3‐DBF was active against promastigote (IC50=1.042 μM) and amastigote (IC50=1.43 μM) forms, indicating a potent antileishmanial effect. There was no evidence of cytotoxicity to macrophages or erythrocytes at concentrations ranging from 13 to 0.5 μM, after 48 hr of exposure. The antileishmanial activity is probably mediated by the activation of macrophages, because treatment with 2,3‐DBF increases both phagocytic and lysosomal activities, as well as the nitrite (NO2−) levels. These results suggest that 2,3‐DBF may be a potential candidate for the development of a new promising antileishmanial drug. Further studies are needed to determine its potential in vivo effect as well as additional mechanisms underlying the antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activities.
Forage peanut (Arachis spp.) genetic evaluation and selection
Authors: Simeão R. M. , Assis G. M. L. , Montagner D. B. , Ferreira R. C. U. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractForage peanut improvement for use in grass–legume mixtures is expected to have a great impact on the sustainability of Brazilian livestock production. Eighteen cloned Arachis spp. ecotypes were evaluated under clipping in a Brazilian Cerrado region and results analysed using a mixed model methodology. The objective was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters and to select the best ecotypes based on selection index applied on their predicted genotypic value. The traits of total dry‐matter (DM) and leaf DM yield presented moderate (0·30 < < 0·50) to high (>0·50) broad‐sense heritability, in contrast to the low genetic variability in nutritional quality‐associated traits. Ecotypes of Arachis spp. contained average crude protein concentrations of 224 g kg−1 DM in leaves and 138 g kg−1 DM in stems, supporting the potential role of these species to overcome the low protein content in Cerrado pastures. The correlations between yield traits and traits associated with low nutritional value in leaves were consistently significant and positive. Genetic correlations among all the yield traits evaluated during the rainy or dry seasons were significant and positive. The ecotypes were ranked based on selection index. The next step is to validate long‐term selection of grass–Arachis in combination with pastures under competition and adjusted grazing in the Cerrado region.
RCT of a 6‐month programmed sports therapy (PST) in patients with haemophilia – Improvement of physical fitness
Authors: Runkel B. , Czepa D. , Hilberg T. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryPhysical fitness is of major importance for patients with haemophilia (PwH) but is highly influenced by bleeding episodes. Although some cohort studies describe an improvement of physical fitness after training intervention, randomized controlled studies (RCT) in PwH are still rare.AimThe aim of this study was to prove the enhancement of physical work capacity in PwH by programmed sports therapy (PST).MethodsThis RCT includes a training period over six months. Sixty‐four PwH with moderate (n = 5) to severe (n = 59) haemophilia A (n = 57) and B (n = 7) were randomized into two groups – training intervention group (IG) and control group (CG) by block randomization. Complex strength measurements, joint score, coordination check and a 12‐min walking test were carried out before and after training intervention.ResultsSignificant differences were tested in M. triceps brachii (Δ+0.62 N kg−1), biceps brachii (Δ+1.25 N kg−1), latissimus dorsi (Δ+0.59 N kg−1), rectus abdominis (Δ+0.51 N kg−1), biceps femoris (right: Δ+0.68 N kg−1; left: Δ+0.59 N kg−1) and the quadriceps femoris (right: Δ+0.71 N kg−1; left: Δ+0.55 N kg−1) after intervention between the two groups (all p ≤ 0.003). Furthermore, an increase in distance (Δ+171.5 m) covered in the 12‐min walking test (P = 0.011) was observed. Regarding one‐leg stand, a significant improvement (P = 0.037) in the IG (Δ+2.2 s right leg) after intervention could be determined.ConclusionFor the first time, a study with a corresponding number of adult PwH in a RCT‐design showed that programmed sport therapy with specific instructions over 6 months has a positive effect on physical performance of PwH, independent of constitution and disease process.
Comparison of pregabalin with doxepin in the management of uremic pruritus: a randomized single blind clinical trial
Authors: Foroutan Nazanin , Etminan Abbas , Nikvarz Naemeh , Shojai Shahrokh Abadi Mohadese 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroduction: Pruritus is one of the frustrating skin manifestations of advanced renal failure. Many options have been used for the management of uremic pruritus (UP) such as pregabalin. There are some studies that reported beneficial effects of pregabalin in reducing UP; however, most of them did not have a comparator arm. Therefore, we designed this study to compare antipruritic effects of pregabalin with doxepin in the management of pruritus in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Seventy‐two patients suffering from UP were randomly assigned to receive pregabalin (50 mg every other day) or doxepin (10 mg per day) for 4 weeks. Severity of pruritus and its effect on quality of life were assessed by visual analog scale (VAS), 5‐D itch scale and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) at baseline and after 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks of the treatment. Findings: Mean scores of the VAS decreased from 7.5± 1.4 and 7.1 ± 1.3 at baseline to 2.1 ± 2.6 and 4.2 ± 2.6 at the end of the study (P < 0.001) in the pregabalin and doxepin groups, respectively. Similarly, pregabalin significantly reduced mean scores of the 5‐D itch scale and the DLQI compared to doxepin. The most reported side effect in each group was somnolence which occurred in similar rates in the both groups. Discussion: Pregabalin was more effective than doxepin in reducing the severity of uremic pruritus and improving the quality of life of patients in this study, so we suggest that clinician can consider pregabalin prior to using antihistamine drugs in the management of severe itch in hemodialysis patients.
Product spaces derived from projective mapping and CATA questions: Influence of replicated assessments and increased number of study participants
Authors: Vidal Leticia , Jaeger Sara R. , Antúnez Lucía , Giménez Ana , Ares Gastón 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMethodological research is needed to support the continued popularity of sensory product characterization by consumers. The present research considers stability and reliability of such product spaces. Using data from 13 studies (n = 1332) involving check‐all‐that‐apply questions (CATA) and projective mapping tasks replicated assessments and increasing the sample size are evaluated for their impact on the product spaces derived from a base group of consumers. In each study, a group of consumers (41–95 participants) completed a sensory characterization task twice under identical conditions (“replication” condition), and additional consumers (49–93 participants) completed the task (“increased sample size” condition). The stability of product spaces was evaluated using a bootstrapping resampling approach. Both experimental conditions had a small but positive impact as evidenced by small increases in average RV coefficients across simulations. Additionally, in studies using projective mapping, the confidence ellipses around sample positions were smaller than those established in product spaces with the base group of consumers. This pointed to increased sample discrimination.Practical applicationsThis research reveals that replication and increased sample size by inclusion of additional consumers can be used to increase stability of product spaces from sensory characterization based on projective mapping and CATA questions. Stability in product spaces underpins reliability of the research, and by extension internal validity.