bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomics and metagenomics of trimethylamine-utilizing Archaea in the human gut microbiome
Authors: Borrel Guillaume , McCann Angela , Deane Jennifer , Neto Marta C , Lynch Denise B , Brugère Jean- François , O’Toole Paul W 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The biological significance of Archaea in the human gut microbiota is largely unclear. We recently reported genomic and biochemical analyses of the Methanomassiliicoccales, a novel order of methanogenic Archaea dwelling in soil and the animal digestive tract. We now show that these Methanomassiliicoccales are present in published microbiome data sets from eight countries. They are represented by five Operational Taxonomic Units present in at least four cohorts and phylogenetically distributed into two clades. Genes for utilizing trimethylamine (TMA), a bacterial precursor to an atherosclerogenic human metabolite, were present in four of the six novel Methanomassiliicoccales genomes assembled from ELDERMET metagenomes. In addition to increased microbiota TMA production capacity in long-term residential care subjects, abundance of TMA-utilizing Methanomassiliicoccales correlated positively with bacterial gene count for TMA production and negatively with fecal TMA concentrations. The two large Methanomassiliicoccales clades have opposite correlations with host health status in the ELDERMET cohort and putative distinct genomic signatures for gut adaptation.
Loss of function CHCHD10 mutations in cytoplasmic TDP-43 accumulation and synaptic integrity
Authors: Woo Jung-A. A. , Liu Tian , Trotter Courtney , Fang Cenxiao C. , De Narvaez Emillio , LePochat Patrick , Maslar Drew , Bukhari Anusha , Zhao Xingyu , Deonarine Andrew , Westerheide Sandy D. , Kang David E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlthough multiple CHCHD10 mutations are associated with the spectrum of familial and sporadic frontotemporal dementia–amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTD–ALS) diseases, neither the normal function of endogenous CHCHD10 nor its role in the pathological milieu (that is, TDP-43 pathology) of FTD/ALS have been investigated. In this study, we made a series of observations utilizing Caenorhabditis elegans models, mammalian cell lines, primary neurons and mouse brains, demonstrating that CHCHD10 normally exerts a protective role in mitochondrial and synaptic integrity as well as in the retention of nuclear TDP-43, whereas FTD/ALS-associated mutations (R15L and S59L) exhibit loss of function phenotypes in C. elegans genetic complementation assays and dominant negative activities in mammalian systems, resulting in mitochondrial/synaptic damage and cytoplasmic TDP-43 accumulation. As such, our results provide a pathological link between CHCHD10-associated mitochondrial/synaptic dysfunction and cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions.
Chirality and energy transfer amplified circularly polarized luminescence in composite nanohelix
Authors: Yang Dong , Duan Pengfei , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTransfer of both chirality and energy information plays an important role in biological systems. Here we show a chiral donor π-gelator and assembled it with an achiral π-acceptor to see how chirality and energy can be transferred in a composite donor–acceptor system. It is found that the individual chiral gelator can self-assemble into nanohelix. In the presence of the achiral acceptor, the self-assembly can also proceed and lead to the formation of the composite nanohelix. In the composite nanohelix, an energy transfer is realized. Interestingly, in the composite nanohelix, the achiral acceptor can both capture the supramolecular chirality and collect the circularly polarized energy from the chiral donor, showing both supramolecular chirality and energy transfer amplified circularly polarized luminescence (ETACPL).
Treating tobacco dependence: guidance for primary care on life-saving interventions. Position statement of the IPCRG
Authors: Van Schayck O. C. P. , Williams S. , Barchilon V. , Baxter N. , Jawad M. , Katsaounou P. A. , Kirenga B. J. , Panaitescu C. , Tsiligianni I. G. , Zwar N. , Ostrem A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTobacco smoking is the world’s leading cause of premature death and disability. Global targets to reduce premature deaths by 25% by 2025 will require a substantial increase in the number of smokers making a quit attempt, and a significant improvement in the success rates of those attempts in low, middle and high income countries. In many countries the only place where the majority of smokers can access support to quit is primary care. There is strong evidence of cost-effective interventions in primary care yet many opportunities to put these into practice are missed. This paper revises the approach proposed by the International Primary Care Respiratory Group published in 2008 in this journal to reflect important new evidence and the global variation in primary-care experience and knowledge of smoking cessation. Specific for primary care, that advocates for a holistic, bio-psycho-social approach to most problems, the starting point is to approach tobacco dependence as an eminently treatable condition. We offer a hierarchy of interventions depending on time and available resources. We present an equitable approach to behavioural and drug interventions. This includes an update to the evidence on behaviour change, gender difference, comparative information on numbers needed to treat, drug safety and availability of drugs, including the relatively cheap drug cytisine, and a summary of new approaches such as harm reduction. This paper also extends the guidance on special populations such as people with long-term conditions including tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease, pregnant women, children and adolescents, and people with serious mental illness. We use expert clinical opinion where the research evidence is insufficient or inconclusive. The paper describes trends in the use of waterpipes and cannabis smoking and offers guidance to primary-care clinicians on what to do faced with uncertain evidence. Throughout, it recognises that clinical decisions should be tailored to the individual’s circumstances and attitudes and be influenced by the availability and affordability of drugs and specialist services. Finally it argues that the role of the International Primary Care Respiratory Group is to improve the confidence as well as the competence of primary care and, therefore, makes recommendations about clinical education and evaluation. We also advocate for an update to the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines to optimise each primary-care intervention. This International Primary Care Respiratory Group statement has been endorsed by the Member Organisations of World Organization of Family Doctors Europe.
Knee Symptomatic Osteoarthritis, Walking Disability, NSAIDs Use and All-cause Mortality: Population-based Wuchuan Osteoarthritis Study
Authors: Liu Qiang , Niu Jingbo , Li Hu , Ke Yan , Li Rujun , Zhang Yuqing , Lin Jianhao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractKnee symptomatic osteoarthritis (SxOA) was associated with all-cause mortality. Walking disability and NSAIDs use have been postulated as potential mechanisms linking knee SxOA to all-cause mortality. Data were collected on ability of walking for 1 kilometer and use of NSAIDs at baseline and death information at follow-up. Subjects with knee SxOA were identified if at least one knee had both radiographic OA and pain. We first fitted a Cox proportional hazards model to examine the relation of knee SxOA to the risk of all-cause mortality. We then used marginal structural models to decompose total effect of knee SxOA on all-cause mortality into indirect and direct effects via walking disability and use of NSAIDs, respectively. Among 1025 subjects, 99 died over 8 years of follow-up. A multivariable adjusted hazard ratio of mortality for SxOA was 1.98 (95% CI: 1.09–3.62). The indirect effect of knee SxOA on all-cause mortality through either a walking disability or NSAIDs use was 1.92 (95% CI: 0.86–4.26) and 1.45 (95% CI: 0.72–2.92), respectively. The corresponding direct effect was 1.08 (95% CI: 0.55–1.12) and 1.35 (95% CI: 0.75–2.44). In this population-based cohort study, high all-cause mortality from knee SxOA was mediated mainly through a walking disability.
Nuclear TRADD prevents DNA damage-mediated death by facilitating non-homologous end-joining repair
Authors: Koo Gi-Bang , Ji Jae-Hoon , Cho Hyeseong , Morgan Michael J. , Kim You-Sun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD) is an essential mediator of TNF receptor signaling, and serves as an adaptor to recruit other effectors. TRADD has been shown to cycle between the cytoplasm and nucleus due to its nuclear localization (NLS) and export sequences (NES). However, the underlying function of nuclear TRADD is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that cytoplasmic TRADD translocates to DNA double-strand break sites (DSBs) during the DNA damage response (DDR). Deficiency of TRADD or its sequestration in cytosol leads to accumulation of γH2AX-positive foci in response to DNA damage, which is reversed by nuclear TRADD expression. TRADD facilitates non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) by recruiting NHEJ repair factors 53BP1 and Ku70/80 complex, whereas TRADD is dispensable for homologous recombination (HR) repair. Finally, an impaired nuclear localization of TRADD triggers cell death through the persistent activation of JNK and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, our findings suggest that translocation of TRADD to DSBs into the nucleus contributes to cell survival in response to DNA damage through an activation of DNA damage repair.
Neuropilin-1 Associated Molecules in the Blood Distinguish Poor Prognosis Breast Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Naik Adviti , Al-Zeheimi Noura , Bakheit Charles Saki , Al Riyami Marwa , Al Jarrah Adil , Al Moundhri Mansour S. , Al Habsi Zamzam , Basheer Maysoon , Adham Sirin A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCirculating plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMCs) cells provide an informative snapshot of the systemic physiological state. Moreover, they provide a non-invasively accessible compartment to identify biomarkers for personalized medicine in advanced breast cancer. The role of Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and its interacting molecules in breast tumor tissue was correlated with cancer progression; however, the clinical impact of their systemic levels was not extensively evaluated. In this cross-sectional study, we found that circulating and tumor tissue expression of NRP-1 and circulating placental growth factor (PlGF) increase in advanced nodal and metastatic breast cancer compared with locally advanced disease. Tumor tissue expression of NRP-1 and PlGF is also upregulated in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared to other subtypes. Conversely, in PBMCs, NRP-1 and its interacting molecules SEMA4A and SNAI1 are significantly downregulated in breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls, indicating a protective role. Moreover, we report differential PBMC expression profiles that correlate inversely with disease stage (SEMA4A, SNAI1, PLXNA1 and VEGFR3) and can differentiate between the TNBC and non-TNBC tumor subtypes (VEGFR3 and PLXNA1). This work supports the importance of NRP-1-associated molecules in circulation to characterize poor prognosis breast cancer and emphasizes on their role as favorable drug targets.
Robust water repellent ZnO nanorod array by Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation: Effect of Electronic Excitation Induced Local Chemical State Modification
Authors: Ranjith Kugalur Shanmugam , Nivedita Lalitha Raveendran , Asokan Kandasami , Krishnamurthy Satheesh , Pandian Ramanathaswamy , Kamruddin Mohammed , Avasthi Devesh Kumar , Rajendra Kumar Ramasamy Thangavelu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTailoring the surface properties by varying the chemistry and roughness could be of interest for self-cleaning applications. We demonstrate the transformation of hydrophobic ZnO Nano rod (NR) array into superhydrophobic nature by changing the local chemical state and without altering the surface roughness by swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation. The aligned ZnO NR arrays were irradiated using 150 MeV Ag ions with different fluences from 5E10 to 3E12 ions/cm2. The observed static water contact angles of ZnO NRs samples were 103° ± 3°, 152° ± 4°,161° ± 3°, 164° ± 2°, 167° ± 2°,154 ± 3° and 151° ± 2° for the pristine, ion fluencies of 1E11, 3E11, 5E11, 7E11, 1E12 and 3E12 ions cm−2, respectively. The change in local surface chemistry via formation of surface oxygen related defects due to electronic excitations induced by ion irradiation determine the water dewetting properties. It is found that surface oxygen related defects could be tuned by varying the fluence of the SHIs. Durability tests show that the SHI induced surface oxygen-deficient ZnO NRs have the stable superhydrophobic behavior for more than a year.
Exploring a Role for Regulatory miRNAs In Wound Healing during Ageing:Involvement of miR-200c in wound repair
Authors: Aunin Eerik , Broadley David , Ahmed Mohammed I. , Mardaryev Andrei N. , Botchkareva Natalia V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMultiple factors and conditions can lead to impaired wound healing. Chronic non-healing wounds are a common problem among the elderly. To identify microRNAs negatively impacting the wound repair, global miRNA profiling of wounds collected from young and old mice was performed. A subset of miRNAs that exhibited an age-dependent expression pattern during wound closure was identified, including miR-31 and miR-200c. The expression of miR-200 family members was markedly downregulated upon wounding in both young and aged mice, with an exception of acute upregulation of miR-200c at the early phase of wound healing in aged skin. In unwounded aged skin (versus unwounded younger skin), the level of miR-200c was also found elevated in both human and mice. Overexpression of miR-200c in human ex vivo wounds delayed re-epithelialisation and inhibited cell proliferation in the wound epithelium. Modulation of miR-200c expression in both human and mouse keratinocytes in vitro revealed inhibitory effects of miR-200c on migration, but not proliferation. Accelerated wound closure in vitro induced by anti-miR-200c was associated with upregulation of genes controlling cell migration. Thus, our study identified miR-200c as a critical determinant that inhibits cell migration during skin repair after injury and may contribute to age-associated alterations in wound repair.
RIM1/2 in retinal ganglion cells are required for the refinement of ipsilateral axons and eye-specific segregation
Authors: Assali Ahlem , Le Magueresse Corentin , Bennis Mohamed , Nicol Xavier , Gaspar Patricia , Rebsam Alexandra 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNeural activity is crucial for the refinement of neuronal connections during development, but the contribution of synaptic release mechanisms is not known. In the mammalian retina, spontaneous neural activity controls the refinement of retinal projections to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the superior colliculus (SC) to form appropriate topographic and eye-specific maps. To evaluate the role of synaptic release, the rab-interacting molecules (RIMs), a family of active zone proteins that play a central role in calcium-triggered release, were conditionally ablated in a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We found that this deletion is sufficient to reduce presynaptic release probability onto dLGN neurons. Furthermore, eye-specific segregation in the dLGN and topographic refinement of ipsilateral axons in the SC and the dLGN, are impaired in RIM1/2 conditional knock-out (Rim-cDKO) mice. These defects are similar to those found when retinal activity is globally disturbed. However, reduction in synaptic release had no effect on eye-specific lamination in the SC nor on the retinotopic refinement of contralateral axons in the SC. This study highlights a potential distinction between synaptic and non-synaptic roles of neuronal activity for different mapping rules operating in visual system development.
Yield-phenology relations and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) in ridge-furrow mulching system in semiarid east African Plateau
Authors: Mo Fei , Wang Jian-Yong , Li Feng-Min , Nguluu Simon N. , Ren Hong-Xu , Zhou Hong , Zhang Jian , Kariuki Charles W. , Gicheru Patrick , Kavagi Levis , Cheruiyot Wesly K. , Xiong You-Cai 
Published: June 2017

AbstractYield-phenology relation is a critical issue affecting rainfed maize field productivity in semiarid east African Plateau (EAP). We first introduced Chinese ridge-furrow mulching (RFM) system to EAP, using three maize cultivars with early-, mid- and late-maturing traits as test materials. A two-year field experiment was conducted in a semiarid farm of Kenya from 2012 to 2013. Three treatments were designed: alternative ridge and furrow with transparent plastic mulching (FT), with black plastic mulching (FB) and without mulching (CK). We found that FT and FB significantly increased soil moisture and accelerated crop maturity across two growing seasons. Leaf area and shoot biomass were increased by 30.2% and 67.5% in FT, 35.2% and 73.5% in FB, respectively, compared with CK. Grain yield, water use efficiency and economic output were increased by 55.6%, 57.5% and 26.7% in FT, and 50.8%, 53.3% and 19.8% in FB, respectively. Optimal yield and economic benefit were observed in late-maturing cultivar due to increased topsoil temperature in FT in 2012 (cool), and in early-maturing cultivar owing to cooling effect in FB in 2013 (warm). Our study suggested RFM system, combined with crop phenology selection, be a promising strategy to boost maize productivity and profitability in semiarid EAP.
Experimental demonstration of quantum digital signatures over 43 dB channel loss using differential phase shift quantum key distribution
Authors: Collins Robert J. , Amiri Ryan , Fujiwara Mikio , Honjo Toshimori , Shimizu Kaoru , Tamaki Kiyoshi , Takeoka Masahiro , Sasaki Masahide , Andersson Erika , Buller Gerald S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEnsuring the integrity and transferability of digital messages is an important challenge in modern communications. Although purely mathematical approaches exist, they usually rely on the computational complexity of certain functions, in which case there is no guarantee of long-term security. Alternatively, quantum digital signatures offer security guaranteed by the physical laws of quantum mechanics. Prior experimental demonstrations of quantum digital signatures in optical fiber have typically been limited to operation over short distances and/or operated in a laboratory environment. Here we report the experimental transmission of quantum digital signatures over channel losses of up to 42.8 ± 1.2 dB in a link comprised of 90 km of installed fiber with additional optical attenuation introduced to simulate longer distances. The channel loss of 42.8 ± 1.2 dB corresponds to an equivalent distance of 134.2 ± 3.8 km and this represents the longest effective distance and highest channel loss that quantum digital signatures have been shown to operate over to date. Our theoretical model indicates that this represents close to the maximum possible channel attenuation for this quantum digital signature protocol, defined as the loss for which the signal rate is comparable to the dark count rate of the detectors.
Recombinant Thrombomodulin Exerts Anti-autophagic Action in Endothelial Cells and Provides Anti-atherosclerosis Effect in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice
Authors: Chen Po-Sheng , Wang Kuan-Chieh , Chao Ting-Hsing , Chung Hsing-Chun , Tseng Shi-Ya , Luo Chawn-Yau , Shi Guey-Yueh , Wu Hua-Lin , Li Yi-Heng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStress-induced alteration in endothelial cells (ECs) integrity precedes the development of atherosclerosis. Previous studies showed that the soluble recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM) not only increases ECs proliferation but also exerts anti-apoptotic activity in ECs. However, the functional significance of soluble rTM on autophagy-related apoptosis in ECs is still undetermined. Implicating a cytoprotective role for rTM in persistent serum starvation (SS)-induced autophagy in cultured ECs, we found that treatment of rTM decreased the expression of SS-induced autophagy-related proteins, ATG5 and LC3, and the formation of autophagosomes through activation of AKT/mTOR pathway. In addition, treatment of rTM decreased SS-induced EC apoptosis, but this effect of rTM could not be recapitulated by co-treatment with a potent autophagy inducer, rapamycin and in ECs with ATG5 knockdown. In human atherosclerosis specimens, expression of autophagy markers, ATG13 and LC3, were more abundant in aortic intimal ECs with severe atherosclerosis than those without atherosclerosis. Moreover, compared to saline treatment group, administration of rTM reduced LC3 and ATG13 expression, intimal EC apoptosis, and atherosclerotic lesion severity in the aorta of apolipoprotein E deficient mice. In conclusion, treatment with rTM suppressed stress-induced autophagy overactivation in ECs, provided ECs protective effects, and decreased atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice.
Preferential suppression of Anopheles gambiae host sequences allows detection of the mosquito eukaryotic microbiome
Authors: Belda Eugeni , Coulibaly Boubacar , Fofana Abdrahamane , Beavogui Abdoul H. , Traore Sekou F. , Gohl Daryl M. , Vernick Kenneth D. , Riehle Michelle M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAnopheles mosquitoes are vectors of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. The vector microbiota is a likely factor influencing parasite transmission. The prokaryotic microbiota of mosquitoes is efficiently surveyed by sequencing of hypervariable regions of the 16s ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. However, identification of the eukaryotic microbiota by targeting the 18s rRNA gene is challenging due to simultaneous amplification of the abundant 18s rRNA gene target in the mosquito host. Consequently, the eukaryotic microbial diversity of mosquitoes is vastly underexplored. An efficient methodology is needed to identify this component of the microbiota, expected to include relatives of Plasmodium. Here, we use defined panels of Anopheles samples from West Africa to test two experimental PCR clamp approaches to maximize the specific amplification of 18s rRNA gene hypervariable regions from eukaryotic microbes: anneal-inhibiting blocking primers and peptide-nucleic acid (PNA) oligonucleotide blockers. Of the two, PNA blockers were the only efficient blocking strategy, allowing a reduction of mosquito 18s rRNA gene sequences by more than 80% for the V4 hypervariable region. These PNA blockers will facilitate taxonomic profiling of the eukaryotic microbiota of the A. gambiae species complex, and contribute to a better understanding of microbial influence upon immunity and pathogen infection.