bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Population Education Transition Curve: Education Gradients Across Population Exposure to New Health Risks
Authors: Baker David P. , Smith William C. , Muñoz Ismael G. , Jeon Haram , Fu Tian , Leon Juan , Salinas Daniel , Horvatek Renata 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The salutary effect of formal education on health-risk behaviors and mortality is extensively documented: ceteris paribus, greater educational attainment leads to healthier lives and longevity. Even though the epidemiological evidence has strongly indicated formal education as a leading “social vaccine,” there is intermittent reporting of counter-education gradients for health-risk behavior and associated outcomes for certain populations during specific periods. How can education have both beneficial and harmful effects on health, and under which contexts do particular effects emerge? It is useful to conceptualize the influence of education as a process sensitive to the nature, timing of entry, and uniqueness of a new pleasurable and desirable lifestyle and/or product (such as smoking) with initially unclear health risks for populations. Developed herein is a hypothesis that the education gradient comprises multiple potent pathways (material, psychological, cognitive) by which health-risk behaviors are influenced, and that there can be circumstances under which pathways act in opposite directions or are differentially suppressed and enhanced. We propose the population education transition (PET) curve as a unifying functional form to predict shifting education gradients across the onset and course of a population’s exposure to new health risks and their associated consequences. Then, we estimate PET curves for cases with prior epidemiological evidence of heterogeneous education gradients with health-risk behaviors related to mass-produced cigarettes in China and the United States; saturated fats, sugar, and processed food diets in Latin America; and HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Each offers speculation on interactions between environmental factors during population exposure and education pathways to health-risk behaviors that could be responsible for the temporal dynamics of PET curves. Past epidemiological studies reporting either negative or positive education gradients may not represent contradictory findings as much as come from analyses unintentionally limited to just one part of the PET process. Last, the PET curve formulation offers richer nuances about educational pathways, macro-historical population dynamics, and the fundamental cause of disease paradigm.
Resolvent and spectral measure on non-trapping asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds III: Global-in-time Strichartz estimates without loss
Authors: Chen Xi 
Published: September 2017

In the present paper, we investigate global-in-time Strichartz estimates without loss on non-trapping asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds. Due to the hyperbolic nature of such manifolds, the set of admissible pairs for Strichartz estimates is much larger than usual. These results generalize the works on hyperbolic space due to Anker–Pierfelice and Ionescu–Staffilani. However, our approach is to employ the spectral measure estimates, obtained in the author's joint work with Hassell, to establish the dispersive estimates for truncated/microlocalized Schrödinger propagators as well as the corresponding energy estimates. Compared with hyperbolic space, the crucial point here is to cope with the conjugate points on the manifold. Additionally, these Strichartz estimates are applied to the

L^{2}

well-posedness and

L^{2}

scattering for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with power-like nonlinearity and small Cauchy data.

Résumé

Dans cet article, nous examinons les estimations de Strichartz sans perte et globales en temps, définies sur des variétés non-captives asymptotiquement hyperboliques. De par la nature hyperbolique de ces variétés, l'ensemble des paires admissibles pour les estimations de Strichartz est beaucoup plus grand que d'ordinaire. Ces résultats généralisent les travaux menés par Anker–Pierfelice et Ionescu–Staffilani sur les espaces hyperboliques. Toutefois, notre approche utilise ici les estimations de mesures spectrales obtenues par l'auteur en collaboration avec Hassell afin d'établir les estimations de dispersion pour des propagateurs de Schrödinger tronqués ou micro-localisés ainsi que les estimations d'énergie correspondantes. À la différence des espaces hyperboliques, l'élément crucial est ici de gérer les points conjugués de la variété. Enfin, ces estimations de Strichartz sont appliquées au caractère bien posé dans

L^{2}

et à la diffusion

L^{2}

pour les équations de Schrödinger avec des non-linearités de type puissance et des données initiales petites.
Trends in Skin and Soft Tissue-Related Injuries in NOLS Wilderness Expeditions from 1984 to 2012
Authors: Stanford Kimberly A. , Phillips Lara , Chang Yuchiao , Leemon Drew , Schimelpfenig Tod , Harris N. Stuart 
Published: September 2017

Objective Wilderness expeditions inevitably involve risk to participants. Understanding of expedition-related illnesses and injuries allows institutions and individuals to develop strategies to mitigate risk. We describe findings and trends in soft tissue injuries, the second-most common type of injury, among participants in the National Outdoor Leadership School expeditions from 1984 to 2012. Methods Injuries and illnesses sustained by students and staff have been recorded continuously since 1984 in the extensive National Outdoor Leadership School database. We performed a retrospective analysis of incidence of soft tissue injuries in this population. Data before 1996 were standardized in order to make use of the entire dataset. Results Of 9734 total reported incidents, 2151 (22%) were soft tissue related, 707 (33%) of which required evacuation. The sex distribution of incidents was similar to the sex distribution of participants. The largest incidence of soft tissue injuries occurred independent of activity (711 incidents, 33%). The most commonly associated activities were hiking (528 incidents, 25%), camping (301 incidents, 14%), and cooking (205 incidents, 10%). Over the study period, rates of injury declined overall and in every individual category except cooking. Conclusions Over this 28-year period, the incidence of soft tissue injuries associated with the most common activities decreased. Incidence of activity-independent injuries did not change significantly, but reported severity decreased. These data provide unique insights to help improve wilderness risk management for institutions and individuals and suggest areas in which educational efforts may further reduce risk.
Vignettentest zur Erfassung des fachdidaktischen Wissens im Leseunterricht bei angehenden Lehrkräften
Authors: Rutsch Juliane , Dörfler Tobias 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung. Es wird ein standardisiertes vignettenbasiertes Testverfahren zur Erfassung des fachdidaktischen Wissens im Leseunterricht bei angehenden Lehrkräften vorgestellt. Basierend auf Evidenzen der lesedidaktischen und kognitionspsychologischen Forschung wurden hierzu Unterrichtsvignetten erstellt. In diesen Vignetten werden authentische Situationen aus dem Leseunterricht beschrieben, die hinsichtlich einer fachdidaktisch relevanten Fragestellung in einem geschlossenen Antwortformat bewertet wurden. Das Testinstrument wurde 576 Deutschlehramtsstudierenden aller Semester vorgelegt (Alter: M = 23.08 Jahre, SD = 3.32). Der Vignettentest wurde mit dem Partial Credit Modell skaliert. Die Analysen zur Datenstruktur sprechen für ein eindimensionales Modell des fachdidaktischen Wissens im Leseunterricht; die Infit- und Outfitstatistiken für die verbleibenden Vignetten weisen auf eine gute Passung der Vignetten zum Modell hin (Werte zwischen 0.98 und 1.00, alle p ≤ .05 für alle Modelle). Die Verteilung der Itemkategorieschwellen und der Personenparameter werden graphisch illustriert. Die Ergebnisse zur Datenstruktur und zur Skalierung sind als vielversprechend zu bezeichnen und sollen in nachfolgenden (längsschnittlichen) Analysen ergänzt und präzisiert werden.
Seed-induced acceleration of amyloid-β mediated neurotoxicity in vivo
Authors: Sowade Ramona F. , Jahn Thomas R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeeded propagation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology is suggested to contribute to the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Local overproduction of aggregation-prone Aβ variants could explain the focal initiation of a seeding cascade that subsequently triggers widespread pathology. Several animal models support this seeding concept by demonstrating accelerated Aβ deposition following inoculation with Aβ-containing homogenates, however its role in progressive neurodegeneration remains unclear. Here, we present a non-invasive approach to study Aβ seeding processes in vivo using Drosophila models. We show that small amounts of aggregation-competent Aβ42 seeds, generated in selected neuronal clusters, can induce the deposition of the pan-neuronally expressed and otherwise soluble Aβ40. Moreover, our models visualize the accelerated formation and propagation of amyloid pathology throughout the brain, which correlates with severe neurotoxicity. Taken together, these in vivo models provide mechanistic insights into disease-related processes and represent versatile genetic tools to determine novel modifiers of the Aβ seeding cascade.
Observing a scale anomaly and a universal quantum phase transition in graphene
Authors: Ovdat O. , Mao Jinhai , Jiang Yuhang , Andrei E. Y. , Akkermans E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOne of the most interesting predictions resulting from quantum physics, is the violation of classical symmetries, collectively referred to as anomalies. A remarkable class of anomalies occurs when the continuous scale symmetry of a scale-free quantum system is broken into a discrete scale symmetry for a critical value of a control parameter. This is an example of a (zero temperature) quantum phase transition. Such an anomaly takes place for the quantum inverse square potential known to describe ‘Efimov physics’. Broken continuous scale symmetry into discrete scale symmetry also appears for a charged and massless Dirac fermion in an attractive 1/r Coulomb potential. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the universality of this quantum phase transition and to present convincing experimental evidence of its existence for a charged and massless fermion in an attractive Coulomb potential as realized in graphene.
Microwaves effectively examine the extent and type of coking over acid zeolite catalysts
Authors: Liu B. , Slocombe D. R. , Wang J. , Aldawsari A. , Gonzalez-Cortes S. , Arden J. , Kuznetsov V. L. , AlMegren H. , AlKinany M. , Xiao T. , Edwards P. P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCoking leads to the deactivation of solid acid catalyst. This phenomenon is a ubiquitous problem in the modern petrochemical and energy transformation industries. Here, we show a method based on microwave cavity perturbation analysis for an effective examination of both the amount and the chemical composition of cokes formed over acid zeolite catalysts. The employed microwave cavity can rapidly and non-intrusively measure the catalytically coked zeolites with sample full body penetration. The overall coke amount is reflected by the obtained dielectric loss (ε″) value, where different coke compositions lead to dramatically different absorption efficiencies (ε″/cokes’ wt%). The deeper-dehydrogenated coke compounds (e.g., polyaromatics) lead to an apparently higher ε″/wt% value thus can be effectively separated from lightly coked compounds. The measurement is based on the nature of coke formation during catalytic reactions, from saturated status (e.g., aliphatic) to graphitized status (e.g., polyaromatics), with more delocalized electrons obtained for enhanced Maxwell–Wagner polarization.
Molecular analogue of the perovskite repeating unit and evidence for direct MnIII-CeIV-MnIII exchange coupling pathway
Authors: Thuijs Annaliese E. , Li Xiang-Guo , Wang Yun-Peng , Abboud Khalil A. , Zhang X.-G. , Cheng Hai-Ping , Christou George 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe perovskite manganites AMnO3 and their doped analogues A1–x
B
x
MnO3 (A and B = main group and lanthanide metals) are a fascinating family of magnetic oxides exhibiting a rich variety of properties. They are thus under intense investigation along multiple fronts, one of which is how their structural and physical properties are modified at the nanoscale. Here we show that the molecular compound [Ce3Mn8O8(O2CPh)18(HO2CPh)2] (CeIII2CeIVMnIII8; hereafter Ce3Mn8) bears a striking structural resemblance to the repeating unit seen in the perovskite manganites. Further, magnetic studies have established that Ce3Mn8 exhibits both the combination of pairwise MnIII2 ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions, and the resultant spin vector alignments that are found within the 3-D C-type antiferromagnetic perovskites. First-principles theoretical calculations reveal not only the expected nearest-neighbor MnIII2 exchange couplings via superexchange pathways through bridging ligands but also an unusual, direct MnIII–CeIV–MnIII metal-to-metal channel involving the CeIVf orbitals.
Photo-triggered solvent-free metamorphosis of polymeric materials
Authors: Honda Satoshi , Toyota Taro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLiquefaction and solidification of materials are the most fundamental changes observed during thermal phase transitions, yet the design of organic and polymeric soft materials showing isothermal reversible liquid–nonliquid conversion remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that solvent-free repeatable molecular architectural transformation between liquid-star and nonliquid-network polymers that relies on cleavage and reformation of a covalent bond in hexaarylbiimidazole. Liquid four-armed star-shaped poly(n-butyl acrylate) and poly(dimethyl siloxane) with 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole end groups were first synthesized. Subsequent oxidation of the 2,4,5-triphenylimidazoles into 2,4,5-triphenylimidazoryl radicals and their coupling with these liquid star polymers to form hexaarylbiimidazoles afforded the corresponding nonliquid network polymers. The resulting nonliquid network polymers liquefied upon UV irradiation and produced liquid star-shaped polymers with 2,4,5-triphenylimidazoryl radical end groups that reverted to nonliquid network polymers again by recoupling of the generated 2,4,5-triphenylimidazoryl radicals immediately after terminating UV irradiation.
Children’s, parents’ and health professionals’ views on the management of childhood asthma: a qualitative study
Authors: Searle Aidan , Jago Russell , Henderson John , Turner Katrina M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe management of childhood asthma is often sub-optimal. Parents and other caregivers are primarily responsible for disease management and this responsibility includes communication with health professionals. The aim of this multi-perspective qualitative study was to explore the views of children, parents and health professionals to gain insight into the approach to clinical care in the management of childhood asthma. Interviews were held with nine parent–child (6–8 years) dyads, and 13 health professionals working in primary and secondary care. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Three key themes emerged that were common to all data sets; (1) Child and parent awareness of symptoms; (2) Management and child wellbeing; and (3) Professional communication education and consultation with families. Although some children demonstrate good awareness of symptoms and appropriate use of medication, some parents expressed difficulty in identifying triggers and symptoms of asthma. Furthermore, parents lacked awareness regarding appropriate use of medication for preventing and managing symptoms of asthma. Health professionals believed that communication and education was lacking. Data from all participants suggested that consultations could be enhanced with greater emphasis on children’s and parents’ perceptions of asthma in the development of asthma management plans.
Non-stoquastic Hamiltonians in quantum annealing via geometric phases
Authors: Vinci Walter , Lidar Daniel A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe argue that a complete description of quantum annealing implemented with continuous variables must take into account the non-adiabatic Aharonov-Anandan geometric phase that arises when the system Hamiltonian changes during the anneal. We show that this geometric effect leads to the appearance of non-stoquasticity in the effective quantum Ising Hamiltonians that are typically used to describe quantum annealing with flux qubits. We explicitly demonstrate the effect of this geometric non-stoquasticity when quantum annealing is performed with a system of one and two coupled flux qubits. The realization of non-stoquastic Hamiltonians has important implications from a computational complexity perspective, since it is believed that in many cases quantum annealing with stoquastic Hamiltonians can be efficiently simulated via classical algorithms such as Quantum Monte Carlo. It is well known that the direct implementation of non-stoquastic Hamiltonians with flux qubits is particularly challenging. Our results suggest an alternative path for the implementation of non-stoquasticity via geometric phases that can be exploited for computational purposes.
Mechanical bone growth stimulation by magnetic fibre networks obtained through a competent finite element technique
Authors: Bosbach Wolfram A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFibre networks combined with a matrix material in their void phase make the design of novel and smart composite materials possible. Their application is of great interest in the field of advanced paper or as bioactive tissue engineering scaffolds. In the present study, we analyse the mechanical interaction between metallic fibre networks under magnetic actuation and a matrix material. Experimentally validated FE models are combined for that purpose in one joint simulation. High performance computing facilities are used. The resulting strain in the composite’s matrix is not uniform across the sample volume. Instead we show that boundary conditions and proximity to the fibre structure strongly influence the local strain magnitude. An analytical model of local strain magnitude is derived. The strain magnitude of 0.001 which is of particular interest for bone growth stimulation is achievable by this assembly. In light of these findings, the investigated composite structure is suitable for creating and for regulating contactless a stress field which is to be imposed on the matrix material. Topics for future research will be the advanced modelling of the biological components and the potential medical utilisation.
Evidence for biochemical barrier restoration: Topical solenopsin analogs improve inflammation and acanthosis in the KC-Tie2 mouse model of psoriasis
Authors: Arbiser Jack L. , Nowak Ron , Michaels Kellie , Skabytska Yuliya , Biedermann Tilo , Lewis Monica J. , Bonner Michael Y. , Rao Shikha , Gilbert Linda C. , Yusuf Nabiha , Karlsson Isabella , Fritz Yi , Ward Nicole L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting 2.5–6 million patients in the United States. The cause of psoriasis remains unknown. Previous human and animal studies suggest that patients with a susceptible genetic background and some stimulus, such as barrier disruption, leads to a coordinated signaling events involving cytokines between keratinocytes, endothelial cells, T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Ceramides are endogenous skin lipids essential for maintaining skin barrier function and loss of ceramides may underlie inflammatory and premalignant skin. Ceramides act as a double-edged sword, promoting normal skin homeostasis in the native state, but can be metabolized to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), linked to inflammation and tumorigenesis. To overcome this difficulty, we synthesized solenopsin analogs which biochemically act as ceramides, but cannot be metabolized to S1P. We assess their in vivo bioactivity in a well-established mouse model of psoriasis, the KC-Tie2 mouse. Topical solenopsin derivatives normalized cutaneous hyperplasia in this model, decreased T cell infiltration, interleukin (IL)-22 transcription, and reversed the upregulation of calprotectin and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in inflamed skin. Finally, they stimulated interleukin (IL)-12 production in skin dendritic cells. Thus suggesting barrier restoration has both a biochemical and physical component, and both are necessary for optimal barrier restoration.
Utilization of photographs taken by citizens for estimating bumblebee distributions
Authors: Suzuki-Ohno Yukari , Yokoyama Jun , Nakashizuka Tohru , Kawata Masakado 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCitizen science is a powerful tool for collecting large volumes of observational data on various species. These data are used to estimate distributions using environmental factors with Species Distribution Models (SDM). However, if citizens are inexperienced in recognizing organisms, they may report different species as the subject species. Here we show nation-wide bumblebee distributions using photographs taken by citizens in our project, and estimated distributions for six bumblebee species using land use, climate, and altitude data with SDM. We identified species from photographic images, and took their locations from GPS data of photographs or the text in e-mails. When we compared our data with conventional data for specimens in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), we found that the volume and the number of species were larger, and the bias of spatial range was lower, than those of GBIF. Our estimated distributions were more consistent with bumblebee distributions reported in previous studies than with those of GBIF. Our method was effective for collecting distribution data, and estimating distributions with SDM. The estimated SDM allows us to predict the previous and future species distributions, and to develop conservation policies taking account of future city planning and/or global climate changes.
Preparation of Monolayer MoS2 Quantum Dots using Temporally Shaped Femtosecond Laser Ablation of Bulk MoS2 Targets in Water
Authors: Li Bo , Jiang Lan , Li Xin , Ran Peng , Zuo Pei , Wang Andong , Qu Liangti , Zhao Yang , Cheng Zhihua , Lu Yongfeng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractZero-dimensional MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) possess distinct physical and chemical properties, which have garnered them considerable attention and facilitates their use in a broad range of applications. In this study, we prepared monolayer MoS2 QDs using temporally shaped femtosecond laser ablation of bulk MoS2 targets in water. The morphology, crystal structures, chemical, and optical properties of the MoS2 QDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–vis absorption spectra, and photoluminescence spectra. The analysis results show that highly pure, uniform, and monolayer MoS2 QDs can be successfully prepared. Moreover, by temporally shaping a conventional single pulse into a two-subpulse train, the production rate of MoS2 nanomaterials (including nanosheets, nanoparticles, and QDs) and the ratio of small size MoS2 QDs can be substantially improved. The underlying mechanism is a combination of multilevel photoexfoliation of monolayer MoS2 and water photoionization–enhanced light absorption. The as-prepared MoS2 QDs exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reactions because of the abundant active edge sites, high specific surface area, and excellent electrical conductivity. Thus, this study provides a simple and green alternative strategy for the preparation of monolayer QDs of transition metal dichalcogenides or other layered materials.