bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of isoproterenol for treating amlodipine overdose resulting in bradycardia
Authors: Ebihara Takeshi , Morita Masanori , Kawada Masahiro , Amano Koji , Kato Fumitaka , Nakata Yasuki 
Published: May 2017

CaseAmlodipine predominantly affects vascular smooth muscle cells. Amlodipine overdose usually presents with vasodilatory shock, accompanied by reflex tachycardia rather than bradycardia.An 81‐year‐old woman presented with impaired consciousness 8 h after ingesting 50 5‐mg amlodipine tablets with suicidal intent. On admission, her blood pressure was 50/40 mmHg and her heart rate was 45 b.p.m. Serum amlodipine level was extremely high (474.4 ng/mL), causing refractory bradycardia. She remained hypotensive despite fluid resuscitation, and therefore was administered dopamine and norepinephrine. She was also administered glucagon and calcium gluconate, and underwent high‐dose insulin euglycemic therapy.OutcomeAlthough her blood pressure improved, bradycardia progressively worsened and isoproterenol infusion was initiated, which resulted in an improvement in her heart rate. The patient discharged on day 14 without any complications.ConclusionIsoproterenol is effective for treating bradycardia after amlodipine overdose.
Contribution of Soluble Forms of Programmed Death 1 and Programmed Death Ligand 2 to Disease Severity and Progression in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Fukasawa Takemichi , Yoshizaki Ayumi , Ebata Satoshi , Nakamura Kouki , Saigusa Ryosuke , Miura Syunsuke , Yamashita Takashi , Hirabayashi Megumi , Ichimura Yohei , Taniguchi Takashi , Asano Yoshihide , Shimizu Hisashi , Kazoe Yutaka , Mawatari Kazuma , Kitamori Takehiko , Sato Shinichi 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the function and serum levels of soluble forms of programmed death 1 (sPD‐1) and one of its ligands, soluble PD ligand 2 (sPD‐L2), in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and in a mouse model of topoisomerase I (topo I)–induced SSc.MethodsSerum levels of sPD‐1 and sPD‐L2 in 91 patients with SSc were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression of PD‐1 and PD‐L2 on T cells, B cells, and macrophages was quantified by flow cytometry. The effects of blockade of PD‐1 and PD‐L2 were analyzed by microfluidic ELISA (micro‐ELISA), a technique that can measure very low amounts of cytokines. In addition, the effects of sPD‐1 and sPD‐L2 on disease progression were assessed in mice with topo I–induced SSc.ResultsSerum levels of sPD‐1 and sPD‐L2 were elevated in patients with SSc and correlated with the extent of fibrosis and immunologic abnormalities. Expression levels of PD‐1 and PD‐L2 were significantly elevated on SSc T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Micro‐ELISA analysis of serum samples from patients with SSc showed that PD‐L2high B cells had higher levels of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) production compared with PD‐L2low B cells, indicating that PD‐L2 acts as a regulator of T cell cytokine production via cognate interactions with T cells and B cells. In mice with topo I–induced SSc, production of IL‐10 by topo I–specific B cells in cultures with T cells and topo I protein was significantly higher than that by conventional B cells, and intraperitoneal injection of recombinant chimeric PD‐1‐Fc and PD‐L2‐Fc canceled these enhanced effects.ConclusionThese results suggest that sPD‐1 and sPD‐L2 contribute to disease development in SSc via the regulation of cognate interactions with T cells and B cells.
Increasing on‐task behavior of an adolescent with autism using momentary differential reinforcement
Authors: Jessel Joshua , Ingvarsson Einar T. , Whipple Ruth , Kirk Hillary 
Published: May 2017

Compliance is often defined as the completion of a discrete task specified by a preceding instruction. However, compliance could also require the completion of a cluster of tasks, such as cleaning a room, getting ready for bed, or doing homework. We conducted this study to determine if a momentary differential reinforcement schedule would increase the on‐task behavior of an adolescent with autism. The momentary differential reinforcement involved repeated momentary supervision checks, with tokens delivered for appropriate task engagement at that moment. The participant completed math worksheets and remained on task as the number of supervisions was faded from one every 30 s to one every 5 min.
Inhibition of melanoma metastasis by dual‐peptide PLGA NPS
Authors: Arruda Denise Costa , de Oliveira Thaís Dolzany , Cursino Patrícia Harume Fukuda , Maia Vera Susana Carneiro , Berzaghi Rodrigo , Travassos Luiz R. , Tada Dayane Batista 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDespite the positive results observed in vitro and in vivo, clinical trials with bioactive peptides are generally hampered by their fast degradation in the biological system. Two bioactive peptides, P20 (CSSRTMHHC) and the combined peptide C (CVNHPAFACGYGHTMYYHHYQHHL) have been identified as anticancer therapeutics. Combined peptide C consists of peptide C (CVNHPAFAC), a tumor‐homing peptide, conjugated to the antiangiogenic peptide HTMYYHHYQHHL with a GYG. In this work, PLGA NPs with peptide C were applied as a dual‐peptide carrier for application in cancer therapy. Peptide P20 was loaded into the NPs and combined peptide C was conjugated to the NPs surface. These NPs were evaluated as a therapeutic system to treat metastatic melanoma. In vivo assays showed that P20 encapsulation in PLGA NPs enhanced its antitumor activity. The inhibitory activity of P20‐PLGANPs was similar to the activity of non‐encapsulated P20 in a dose fivefold higher. The inhibitory activity was even higher when P20PLGA NPs were functionalized with combined peptide C. P20PLGAPepC NPs reduced in 28% the number of lung nodules in a syngeneic model of metastatic melanoma as compared to untreated animals. Additionally to the better tumor targeting and the in situ release of P20, it is expected that the therapeutic efficiency of the dual‐peptide PLGA NPs was further enhanced by a synergistic effect between P20 and combined peptide C. Our encouraging results showed that by enabling the co‐delivery of two peptides and promoting tumor targeting, PLGA NPs coupled with peptide C is a promising platform for peptide‐based cancer therapy.
Thalassemia intermedia phenotype resulting from rare combination of c.46delT [Codon15 (‐T)] mutation of beta globin gene and HPFH3
Authors: Kelkar Anjali J. , Moses Anu 
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical MessageThe beta thalassemia intermedia phenotype has several genotypes. Hematological and molecular diagnostic approach and logical and sequential conduct of various investigations are necessary for the diagnosis of these disorders. Close observations of the genotype–phenotype correlation will provide a better insight for the development of molecular therapy.
Mapping the Free Energy of Lithium Solvation in the Protic Ionic Liquid Ethylammonuim Nitrate: A Metadynamics Study
Authors: Kachmar Ali , Carignano Marcelo , Laino Teodoro , Iannuzzi Marcella , Hutter Jürg 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnderstanding lithium solvation and transport in ionic liquids is important due to their possible application in electrochemical devices. Using first‐principles simulations aided by a metadynamics approach we study the free‐energy landscape for lithium ions at infinite dilution in ethylammonium nitrate, a protic ionic liquid. We analyze the local structure of the liquid around the lithium cation and obtain a quantitative picture in agreement with experimental findings. Our simulations show that the lowest two free energy minima correspond to conformations with the lithium ion being solvated either by three or four nitrate ions with a transition barrier between them of 0.2 eV. Other less probable conformations having different solvation pattern are also investigated.
A step towards removing plasma volume variance from the Athlete's Biological Passport: The use of biomarkers to describe vascular volumes from a simple blood test
Authors: Lobigs Louisa M. , Sottas Pierre‐Edouard , Bourdon Pitre C. , Nikolovski Zoran , El‐Gingo Mohamed , Varamenti Evdokia , Peeling Peter , Dawson Brian , Schumacher Yorck O. 
Published: May 2017

The haematological module of the Athlete's Biological Passport (ABP) has significantly impacted the prevalence of blood manipulations in elite sports. However, the ABP relies on a number of concentration‐based markers of erythropoiesis, such as haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), which are influenced by shifts in plasma volume (PV). Fluctuations in PV contribute to the majority of biological variance associated with volumetric ABP markers. Our laboratory recently identified a panel of common chemistry markers (from a simple blood test) capable of describing ca 67% of PV variance, presenting an applicable method to account for volume shifts within anti‐doping practices.Here, this novel PV marker was included into the ABP adaptive model. Over a six‐month period (one test per month), 33 healthy, active males provided blood samples and performed the CO‐rebreathing method to record PV (control). In the final month participants performed a single maximal exercise effort to promote a PV shift (mean PV decrease −17%, 95% CI −9.75 to −18.13%). Applying the ABP adaptive model, individualized reference limits for [Hb] and the OFF‐score were created, with and without the PV correction.With the PV correction, an average of 66% of [Hb] within‐subject variance is explained, narrowing the predicted reference limits, and reducing the number of atypical ABP findings post‐exercise. Despite an increase in sensitivity there was no observed loss of specificity with the addition of the PV correction.The novel PV marker presented here has the potential to improve the ABP's rate of correct doping detection by removing the confounding effects of PV variance.
The test of time: a history of clock drawing
Authors: Hazan Elias , Frankenburg Frances , Brenkel Megan , Shulman Kenneth 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThe clock drawing test (CDT) has become one of the most widely used cognitive screening instruments in clinical and research settings. Its effectiveness, acceptability, and quick and easy administration have made it a staple for cognitive screening in dementia and a wide range of brain disorders. Despite a spike in popularity since the 1990s, its origins are relatively unknown. The goal of this review is to chronicle its saga and chart its usage over time.MethodsPsycInfo, Medline, and PubMed literature searches were performed from earliest record to June 2016, in addition to manual cross‐referencing of bibliographies, with a focus before 1990. Summary of relevant articles and books up until 1989 is included, as well as clinical applications and surveys that track CDT usage over time.ResultsWhile MacDonald Critchley's well‐known textbook from 1953, The Parietal Lobes, is often cited as the first mention of the CDT, its recorded use actually stretches back more than a century to 1915. A review of the literature shows that the CDT began as a test for aphasia‐related disorders and constructional apraxia until its entry into contemporary cognitive screening in the 1980s when it primarily became a cognitive screen. Its usage took off in 1989 with over 2000 publications since.ConclusionsDespite a fairly obscure existence for decades, the CDT has emerged as an effective and ideal cognitive screening instrument for a wide range of conditions. Its use continues to increase, and it has been incorporated into several widely used cognitive screening batteries. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total cerebral small vessel disease score and cognitive performance in community‐dwelling older adults. Results from the Atahualpa Project
Authors: Del Brutto Victor J. , Ortiz Jorge G. , Del Brutto Oscar H. , Mera Robertino M. , Zambrano Mauricio , Biller José 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveCerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is inversely associated with cognitive performance. However, whether the total SVD score is a better predictor of poor cognitive performance than individual signatures of SVD is inconclusive. We aimed to estimate the combined and independent predictive power of these MRI findings.MethodsAtahualpa residents aged ≥60 years underwent brain MRI. Cognitive performance was measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The presence of moderate‐to‐severe white matter hyperintensities, deep cerebral microbleeds, lacunar infarcts, and >10 enlarged perivascular spaces was added for estimating the total SVD score ranging from 0 to 4 points. Montreal Cognitive Assessment predictive models were fitted to assess how well the total SVD score or each of its components predicts cognitive performance.ResultsOf 351 eligible candidates, 331 (94%) were included. The total SVD score was 0 points in 202 individuals (61%), 1 point in 67 (20%), 2 points in 40 (12%), 3 points in 15 (5%), and 4 points in seven (2%). A generalized lineal model showed an inverse relationship between the total SVD score and the MoCA (p = 0.015). The proportion of variance in the MoCA score explained by the SVD score was 32.8% (R2 = 0.328). This predictive power was similar for white matter hyperintensities (R2 = 0.306), microbleeds (R2 = 0.313), lacunar infarcts (R2 = 0.323), and perivascular spaces (R2 = 0.313).ConclusionsThis study shows a significant association between the SVD score and worse cognitive performance. The SVD score is a predictor of poor cognitive performance. This predictive power is not better than that of isolated neuroimaging signatures of SVD. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of deep gray matter volume across the human lifespan
Authors: Narvacan Karl , Treit Sarah , Camicioli Richard , Martin Wayne , Beaulieu Christian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging of subcortical gray matter structures, which mediate behavior, cognition and the pathophysiology of several diseases, is crucial for establishing typical maturation patterns across the human lifespan. This single site study examines T1‐weighted MPRAGE images of 3 healthy cohorts: (i) a cross‐sectional cohort of 406 subjects aged 5–83 years; (ii) a longitudinal neurodevelopment cohort of 84 subjects scanned twice approximately 4 years apart, aged 5–27 years at first scan; and (iii) a longitudinal aging cohort of 55 subjects scanned twice approximately 3 years apart, aged 46–83 years at first scan. First scans from longitudinal subjects were included in the cross‐sectional analysis. Age‐dependent changes in thalamus, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, and amygdala volumes were tested with Poisson, quadratic, and linear models in the cross‐sectional cohort, and quadratic and linear models in the longitudinal cohorts. Most deep gray matter structures best fit to Poisson regressions in the cross‐sectional cohort and quadratic curves in the young longitudinal cohort, whereas the volume of all structures except the caudate and globus pallidus decreased linearly in the longitudinal aging cohort. Males had larger volumes than females for all subcortical structures, but sex differences in trajectories of change with age were not significant. Within subject analysis showed that 65%–80% of 13–17 year olds underwent a longitudinal decrease in volume between scans (∼4 years apart) for the putamen, globus pallidus, and hippocampus, suggesting unique developmental processes during adolescence. This lifespan study of healthy participants will form a basis for comparison to neurological and psychiatric disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3771–3790, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnostic and prognostic values of Club cell protein 16 (CC16) in critical care patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Lin Jinle , Zhang Wenwu , Wang Lijun , Tian Fang 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical condition characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of Club cell protein 16 (CC16) in critical care patients with ARDS.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, 83 patients with ARDS and 129 non‐ARDS patients on ICU admission were enrolled. The differences in serum CC16 and other laboratory indicators between two groups were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of CC16 as a diagnostic marker on ICU admission were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The correlation between serum CC16 levels and the severity of ARDS as quantified by PaO2/FiO2 ratio were further assessed. CC16 levels were compared between survivors and non‐survivors. The relationships between CC16 levels and duration of ICU and hospitalization were evaluated.ResultsThe serum CC16 levels in ARDS patients were significantly higher than that in non‐ARDS patients (54.44±19.62 vs 24.13±12.32 ng/mL, P=.001). ROC analysis showed that the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 90.4%, 79.8%, 74.2%, and 92.8%, respectively, when the cut‐off value was set at 33.3 ng/mL. CC16 levels were correlated with the severity of ARDS. The serum CC16 levels were significantly greater in non‐survivors than in survivors from the ARDS group. CC16 levels were associated with ICU stay but not hospital stay.ConclusionsCC16 may serve as a diagnostic and stratification marker for ARDS. However, it provided limited prognostic information for ARDS.
Development and validation of an LC‐MS/MS method to quantify lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), iso‐LSD, 2‐oxo‐3‐hydroxy‐LSD, and nor‐LSD and identify novel metabolites in plasma samples in a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Dolder Patrick C. , Liechti Matthias E. , Rentsch Katharina M. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundLysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a widely used recreational drug. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method for the quantification of LSD, iso‐LSD, 2‐oxo‐3‐hydroxy LSD (O‐H‐LSD), and nor‐LSD in plasma samples from 24 healthy subjects after controlled administration of 100 μg LSD in a clinical trial. In addition, metabolites that have been recently described in in vitro studies, including lysergic acid monoethylamide (LAE), lysergic acid ethyl‐2‐hydroxyethylamide (LEO), 2‐oxo‐LSD, trioxylated‐LSD, and 13/14‐hydroxy‐LSD, should be identified.MethodsSeparation of LSD and its metabolites was achieved on a reversed phase chromatography column after turbulent‐flow online extraction. For the identification and quantification, a triple‐stage quadrupole LC‐MS/MS instrument was used.ResultsThe validation data showed slight matrix effects for LSD, iso‐LSD, O‐H‐LSD, or nor‐LSD. Mean intraday and interday accuracy and precision were 105%/4.81% and 105%/4.35% for LSD, 98.7%/5.75% and 99.4%/7.21% for iso‐LSD, 106%/4.54% and 99.4%/7.21% for O‐H‐LSD, and 107%/5.82% and 102%/5.88% for nor‐LSD, respectively. The limit of quantification was 0.05 ng/mL for LSD, iso‐LSD, and nor‐LSD and 0.1 ng/mL for O‐H‐LSD. The limit of detection was 0.01 ng/mL for all compounds.ConclusionThe method described herein was accurate, precise, and the calibration range within the range of expected plasma concentrations. LSD was quantified in the plasma samples of the 24 subjects of the clinical trial, whereas iso‐LSD, O‐H‐LSD, nor‐LSD, LAE, LEO, 13/14‐hydroxy‐LSD, and 2‐oxo‐LSD could only sporadically be detected but were too low for quantification.
Sonographic appearance of subungual squamous cell carcinoma in the hand
Authors: Quintana‐Codina Monica , Creus‐Vila Lídia , Iglesias‐Plaza Ana , Iglesias‐Sancho Maribel , Melé‐Ninot Gemma , Lázaro‐Simó Anna Isabel , Salleras‐Redonnet Montse 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTSubungual squamous cell carcinoma is very rare, but it is the most frequent primary malignant tumor of the nail bed. Therefore, its diagnosis and treatment are crucial to ensure a favorable prognosis. We present the sonographic findings in a case of a subungual squamous cell carcinoma. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 46:212–214, 2018
Changing US extreme temperature statistics
Authors: Finkel J. M. , Katz J. I. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe rise in global mean temperature is an incomplete description of warming. For many purposes, including agriculture and human life, temperature extremes may be more important than temperature means and changes in local extremes may be more important than mean global changes. We define a non‐parametric statistic to describe extreme temperature behaviour by quantifying the frequency of local daily all‐time highs and lows, normalized by their frequency in the null hypothesis of no climate change. We average this metric over 1218 weather stations in the 48 contiguous United States. In the period 1893–2014 there were statistically significantly fewer all‐time record lows than would be found in the null hypothesis of unchanging climate. Record highs, by contrast, do not statistically significantly differ from the null hypothesis. The metric is evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation for stationary and warming temperature distributions, permitting description of the statistics of historic temperature records by equivalent warming rates.
Modulating the oxidative environment during mesenchymal stem cells chondrogenesis with serum increases collagen accumulation in agarose culture
Authors: Tangtrongsup Suwimol , Kisiday John D. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTChondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is induced in culture conditions that have been associated with oxidative stress, although the extent to which the oxidative environment affects differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation is not known. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the oxidative environment during MSCs chondrogenesis in conventional serum‐free medium, and the effect of serum‐supplementation on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chondrogenesis. Young adult equine MSCs were seeded into agarose and cultured in chondrogenic medium, with or without 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), for up to 15 days. Samples were evaluated for intracellular ROS, the antioxidant glutathione, ECM and gene expression measures of chondrogenesis, and carbonylation as an indicator of oxidative damage. Intracellular ROS increased with time in culture, and was lower in medium supplemented with FBS. Glutathione decreased ∼12‐fold during early chondrogenesis (p < 0.0001), and was not affected by FBS (p = 0.25). After 15 days of culture, FBS supplementation increased hydroxyproline accumulation ∼80% (p = 0.0002); otherwise, measures of chondrogenesis were largely unaffected. Protein carbonylation in chondrogenic MSCs cultures was not significantly different between serum‐free and FBS cultures (p = 0.72). Supplementation with adult equine serum increased hydroxyproline accumulation by 45% over serum‐free culture (p = 0.0006). In conclusion, this study characterized changes in the oxidative environment during MSC chondrogenesis, and suggested that lowering ROS may be an effective approach to increase collagen accumulation. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:506–514, 2018.