bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: (‐)‐4‐HYDROXY‐N‐FORMYLMORPHINAN‐6‐ONE, A VERSATILE INTERMEDIATE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 3‐DEOXYOPIOIDS
Authors: ROZWADOWSKA M. D. , HSU F.‐L. , JACOBSON A. E. , RICE K. C. , BROSSI A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractKondensation des Oxomorphinanepoxides (I) mit dem Chlorformiat (II) gibt das Carbamat (III), das bei der Reduktion mit Zn in NH4Cl/Et‐OH unter Eliminierung der Carbamat‐Gruppe und Öffnung des Epoxidringes in das Norketon (IVa) übergeht.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTIVE DEBROMINATION OF SOME PURINE AND PURINE‐LIKE NUCLEOSIDES
Authors: CHUNG F.‐L. , EARL R. A. , TOWNSEND L. B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Behandlung mit N,O‐Bis‐trimethylsilyl‐acetamid, Kaliumfluorid und Kronenether erhält man aus der Brom‐Verbindung (I) das Reduktionsprodukt (IIb) anstelle der Fluorverbindung (IIa).
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF DAUNOSAMINYL ε‐RHODOMYCINONE, DAUNOSAMINYL 10‐EPI‐ε‐RHODOMYCINONE, DAUNOSAMINYL ε‐PYRROMYCINONE, AND 10‐DESCARBOMETHOXY‐ε‐PYRROMYCIN
Authors: ESSERY J. M. , DOYLE T. W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractKondensation von e‐Rhodomycinon (Ia) mit dem Glycosylbromid (IIa) nach A) und anschließende Abspaltung der Schutzgruppen aus dem Zucker liefern Daunosaminyle‐rhodomycinon (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF PYRAZOFURIN
Authors: BUCHANAN J. G. , STOBIE A. , WIGHTMAN R. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Diazotierung und anschließende Neutralisation erhält man aus dem Pyrazolderivat (I) das kristalline Diazopyrazol (II), das bei der Photolyse in das Pyrazol (III) übergeht.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF GIBBERELLIC ACID. THE HYDROFLUORENE ROUTE
Authors: HOOK J. M. , MANDER L. N. , URECH R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Lacton (VI), eine wichtige Zwischenverbindung bei der Synthese von Gibberellsäure, wird ausgehend vom Ketol (Ia) ‐ das nach bekannten Verfahren, jedoch mit verbesserten Bedingungen, aus dem Fluoren‐Derivat (VII) dargestellt wird ‐ sukzessiv über die angegebenen Stufen synthetisiert (z.T.
ChemInform Abstract: SIMPLE, EFFICIENT TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF CANTHARIDIN VIA A HIGH‐PRESSURE DIELS‐ALDER REACTION
Authors: DAUBEN W. G. , KESSEL C. R. , TAKEMURA K. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDiels‐Alder‐Reaktion von Furan (I) mit dem Dienophilen (II) unter Hochdruck gibt die isomeren 1 zl‐Cycloaddukte (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐METHYLISOGUANOSINE, A PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE AGENT FROM A MARINE SPONGE
Authors: COOK A. F. , BARTLETT R. T. , GREGSON R. P. , QUINN R. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Meeresschwamm Tedania digitata wird als pharmakologisch wirksamer Inhaltsstoff das 1‐Methyl‐isoguanosin (I) isoliert, das zu (II) bzw. (III) je nach den Bedingungen hydrolysiert werden kann.
Alteration of the Enantioselective Toxicity of Diclofop Acid by Nonylphenol: Effect on Ascorbate‐Glutathione Cycle inMicrocystis Aeruginosa
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Song Qin , Li Jialiang , Zou Meiling , Zhang Chenxi , Zhang Quan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe enantioselective effects of chiral compounds have been the subject of extensive studies in recent years due to their important implications for contaminant behavior and risk as well as the design of drug and pesticide formulations. The potential alterations of enantioselectivity, however, still remain elusive from the available data suggesting the effects of numerous environmental factors and the coexisting achiral and chiral compounds. Herein we studied the effect of nonylphenol (NP), a ubiquitous contaminant and ingredient in pesticide formulation, on the enantioselectivity of diclofop acid (DC) through ascorbate‐glutathione (AsA‐GSH) cycle inMicrocystis aeruginosa. The enantioselectivity of DC in the AsA and GSH antioxidant defense system ofM.aeruginosawas affected significantly by the addition of NP. Specifically, although R‐ DC and S‐DC were added with an equal toxic concentration (at their EC50values), NP addition to the DC treatments altered the enantiomeric ratios of the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR), key enzymes in the regeneration of AsA and GSH, respectively. NP also modified the enantiomeric ratios of AsA and GSH levels in both the AsA and GSH antioxidant defense systems ofM.aeruginosa. Overall, the oxidative damage induced by R‐DC was further deteriorated, whereas that induced by S‐DC was alleviated after NP addition. These altered enantioselectivities indicate a need to reexamine the risks and biological effects of chiral compounds in the complex environmental matrices containing a multitude of other chemicals, including commercial chiral agricultural chemicals.Chirality 28:475–481, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enantioselectivity in Developmental Toxicity of rac‐metalaxyl and R‐metalaxyl in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo
Authors: Zhang Yinjun , Zhang Yi , Chen An , Zhang Wei , Chen Hao , Zhang Quan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEnantioselectivity of chiral pesticides in environmental safety has attracted more and more attention. In this study, we evaluated the enantioselective toxicity of rac‐metalaxyl and R‐metalaxyl to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos through various malformations including pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, crooked body, and short tails. The results showed that there were significant differences in toxicity to zebrafish embryos caused by rac‐metalaxyl and R‐metalaxyl, and the LC50s at 96 h are 416.41 (353.91, 499.29) mg · L‐1 and 320.650 (279.80, 363.46) mg · L‐1, respectively. In order to explore the possible mechanism of the development defects, the genes involved in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (vtg1, vtg2, cyp17, cyp19a, cyp19b) and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis (dio1, dio2, nis, tg, tpo) were quantified by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The results revealed that there were no significant differences in the expression of vtg1, vtg2, cyp17, cyp19a, and cyp19b after exposure to rac‐metalaxyl. However, the expression of vtg1, cyp19a, and cyp19b decreased significantly after exposure to R‐metalaxyl. And likewise, rac‐metalaxyl only caused the upregulation of dio2, while R‐metalaxyl suppressed the expression of dio1 and tpo and induced the expression of dio2 and nis. The change of gene expression may cause the enantioselectivity in developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryo. The data provided here will be helpful for us to comprehensively understand the potential ecological risks of the currently used chiral fungicides. Chirality 28:489–494, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of transketolase polymorphisms with measures of polyneuropathy in patients with recently diagnosed diabetes
Authors: Ziegler Dan , Schleicher Erwin , Strom Alexander , Knebel Birgit , Fleming Thomas , Nawroth Peter , Häring Hans‐Ulrich , Papanas Nikolaos , Szendrödi Julia , Müssig Karsten , Al‐Hasani Hadi , Roden Michael ,   for the GDS Group
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundShunting of glycolytic intermediates into the pentose phosphate pathway has been suggested to protect from hyperglycaemia‐induced microvascular damage. We hypothesized that genetic variability in the gene encoding transketolase, a key pentose phosphate pathway enzyme, contributes to early nerve dysfunction in recent‐onset diabetes.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we assessed nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the transketolase gene, plasma methylglyoxal concentrations, and clinical and quantitative measures of peripheral nerve function in 165 type 1 and 373 type 2 diabetic patients with a diabetes duration up to 1 year.ResultsThe Total Symptom Score was associated with transketolase SNPs rs7648309, rs62255988, and rs7633966, while peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) correlated only with rs7648309 (P < 0.01). Cold thermal detection threshold (TDT) (foot) was associated with transketolase SNPs rs11130362 and rs7648309, while warm TDT (hand) correlated with rs62255988 and rs7648309 (P < 0.01). After Bonferroni correction, the correlations of transketolase SNP rs7648309 with Total Symptom Score and rs62255988 with warm TDT (hand) remained statistically significant. Among subgroups, men with type 2 diabetes showed the strongest associations. No associations were observed between each of the nine tagged transketolase SNPs and plasma methylglyoxal concentrations.ConclusionsThe observed associations of genetic variation in transketolase enzyme with neuropathic symptoms and reduced thermal sensation in recent‐onset diabetes suggest a role of pathways metabolizing glycolytic intermediates in early diabetic neuropathy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vitamin D‐binding protein and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D during pregnancy in mothers whose children later developed type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sørensen Ingvild M. , Joner Geir , Jenum Pål A. , Eskild Anne , Brunborg Cathrine , Torjesen Peter A. , Stene Lars C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundLevels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OH D) during late pregnancy have been linked to type 1 diabetes risk in the offspring. Vitamin D‐binding protein increases in concentration during pregnancy. We aimed to test whether concentrations of vitamin D‐binding protein and 25‐OH D throughout pregnancy differed between women whose offspring later developed type 1 diabetes (cases) and controls.MethodsA nested case–control study was conducted within a cohort of pregnant women from all over Norway in 1992–1994. Offspring registered in The Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before age 15, defined the case women, giving 113 cases in the study. Two hundred twenty controls were randomly selected within the same cohort. One to four serum samples from each participant drawn at different time points during pregnancy were analysed for vitamin D‐binding protein and 25‐OH D by radioimmunoassay.ResultsVitamin D‐binding protein and 25‐OH D significantly increased by gestational week (p < 0.001) and tended to be lower in cases than in controls, −0.27 µmol/L (95% CI −0.57, 0.03) and −5.01 nmol/L (95% CI −8.03, −0.73), respectively. While first and second trimester concentrations of vitamin D‐binding protein and 25‐OH D alone were not significantly different, lower third trimester concentrations tended to be associated with higher risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring, albeit at borderline significance after mutual adjustment.ConclusionsIn this first study of maternal vitamin D‐binding protein measured throughout pregnancy and risk of type 1 diabetes in offspring, lower concentration, particularly in the third trimester, tended to be associated with type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Window into brain development: hdEEG methods to track visual development in nonhuman primates
Authors: Voyles Angela C. , Kiorpes Lynne 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTElectroencephalography (EEG) is widely used to study human brain activity, and is a useful tool for bridging the gap between invasive neural recording assays and behavioral data. High‐density EEG (hdEEG) methods currently used for human subjects for use with infant macaque monkeys, a species that exhibits similar visual development to humans over a shorter time course was adapted. Unlike monkeys, human subjects were difficult to study longitudinally and were not appropriate for direct within‐species comparison to neuronal data. About 27‐channel electrode caps, which allowed collection of hdEEG data from infant monkeys across development were designed. Acuity and contrast sweep VEP responses to grating stimuli was obtained and a new method for objective threshold estimation based on response signal‐to‐noise ratios at different stimulus levels was established. The developmental trajectories of VEP‐measured contrast sensitivity and acuity to previously collected behavioral and neuronal data were compared. The VEP measures showed similar rates of development to behavioral measures, both of which were slower than direct neuronal measures; VEP thresholds were higher than other measures. This is the first usage of non‐invasive technology in non‐human primates. Other means to assess neural sensitivity in infants were all invasive. Use of hdEEG with infant monkeys opens many possibilities for tracking development of vision and other functions in non‐human primates, and can expand our understanding of the relationship between neuronal activity and behavioral capabilities across various sensory and cognitive domains. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1342–1359, 2016
Nickel Oxide Nanosheets for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting by Hematite (α‐Fe2O3) Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Li Lei , Dai Haitao , Luo Dan , Wang Shuguo , Sun Xiaowei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell for water splitting comprises hematite (α‐Fe2O3) nanowire arrays covered by nickel oxide (NiO) nanosheets. The cell has increased efficiency because during photoelectrical catalysis, the NiO nanosheets function as proton reduction sites and make a major contribution to water oxidation. According to experimental data the photocurrent of NiO@α‐Fe2O3 is enhanced by 43.5 % compared to pristine hematite. The current density of pristine hematite is 2.3 μA cm−2 while that of NiO@α‐Fe2O3 is 3.3 μA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE (under AM 1.5 solar irradiance, in NaOH solution).
A rate‐dependent constitutive model of high damping rubber bearings: modeling and experimental verification
Authors: Yuan Yong , Wei Wei , Tan Ping , Igarashi Akira , Zhu Hongping , Iemura Hirokazu , Aoki Tetsuhiko 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIn this study, a constitutive model of high damping rubber bearings (HDRBs) is developed that allows the accurate representation of the force–displacement relationship including rate‐dependence for shear deformation. The proposed constitutive model consists of two hyperelastic springs and a nonlinear dashpot element and expresses the finite deformation viscoelasticity laws based on the classical Zener model. The Fletcher–Gent effect, manifested as high horizontal stiffness at small strains and caused by the carbon fillers in HDRBs, is accurately expressed through an additional stiffness correction factor α in the novel strain energy function. Several material parameters are used to simulate the responses of high damping rubber at various strain levels, and a nonlinear viscosity coefficient η is introduced to characterize the rate‐dependent property. A parameter identification scheme is applied to the results of the multi‐step relaxation tests and the cyclic shear tests, and a three‐dimensional function of the nonlinear viscosity coefficient η with respect to the strain, and strain rate is thus obtained. Finally, to investigate the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed model for application to the seismic response assessment of bridges equipped with HDRBs, an improved real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) test system based on the velocity loading method is developed. A single‐column bridge was used as a test bed and HDRBs was physically tested. Comparing the numerical and RTHS results, advantage of the proposed model in the accuracy of the predicted seismic response over comparable hysteretic models is demonstrated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis and dissipation of the antiparasitic agent ivermectin in cattle dung under different field conditions
Authors: Wohde Manuel , Blanckenhorn Wolf U. , Floate Kevin D. , Lahr Joost , Lumaret Jean-Pierre , Römbke Jörg , Scheffczyk Adam , Tixier Thomas , Düring Rolf-Alexander 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Cattle treated with the veterinary parasiticide ivermectin fecally excrete residues. The authors report the exposition and dissipation characteristics of these residues in dung of ivermectin-treated cattle and in soil beneath this dung on pastures in Canada, France, Switzerland, and The Netherlands. Residues were quantified for dung collected from cattle after 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d posttreatment and subsequently exposed in the field for up to 13 mo. The authors optimized a high-performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection method to detect ivermectin residues in dung and soil matrices. They showed that a solid phase extraction and purification step generally can be eliminated to reduce the time and cost of these analyses. They also found that the addition of water to relatively dry samples improves the extraction efficiency of residues. They then analyzed the field samples to document differences in ivermectin dissipation in cattle dung among sites, with 50% dissipation times of up to 32 d and 90% dissipation times &gt;396 d. They further showed that the dissipation characteristics of residues are comparable between dung of ivermectin-treated cattle and dung to which ivermectin has been added directly. Lastly, they report the first use of a desorption electrospray ionization–high-resolution–mass spectrometric method to detect residues of metabolites in a dung matrix. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1924–1933. © 2016 SETAC
Development of a nutrient‐dense complementary food using amaranth‐sorghum grains
Authors: Okoth Judith Kanensi , Ochola Sophie Atieno , Gikonyo Nicholas K. , Makokha Anselimo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThin porridge from cereals and starchy tubers is a common complementary food in Sub Saharan Africa. It may be high in antinutrients, low in energy, and nutrient density hence inadequate in providing infants' high energy and nutrients requirements per unit body weight. Consequently, undernourishment levels among children under 5 years are high. Therefore, there is need to avail nutrient‐dense complementary foods especially for children in low‐resource settings. The study was aimed at developing a nutrient‐dense complementary food from amaranth and sorghum grains. Amaranth grain, a pseudocereal, though rarely used as a complementary food in Kenya has a higher nutritional quality than other staples. Plant‐based foods are known to have high levels of antinutrients. Steeping and germination were used to reduce the levels of antinutrients and enhance the bioavailability of minerals in the grains. Various steeped and germinated amaranth and sorghum grains formulations were made to find the ratio with the highest nutrient content and lowest antinutrient levels. The 90% amaranth‐sorghum grains formulation had significantly (F = 32.133, P < 0.05) higher energy (5 kcal per g on dry weight basis) than the other formulations and a protein content of 14.4%. This is higher than the estimated protein needs from complementary foods even for a 12–23 months child of low breast milk intake (9.1 g/d). Antinutrients could not be detected which could imply enhanced nutrient bioavailability. Therefore, a nutrient‐dense complementary food product was developed from steeped and germinated amaranth and sorghum grains with 90% amaranth grain. In ready to eat form, it would give an energy content of 1.7 kcal per g (dilution of 1:2 amaranth‐sorghum flour to water) and 1.2 kcal per g (dilution of 1:4 amaranth‐sorghum flour to water). It can be used as a nutrient‐dense complementary food and for other vulnerable groups.
A Novel Composite Nafion/Anodized Aluminium Oxide Proton Exchange Membrane
Authors: Gloukhovski R. , Freger V. , Tsur Y. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe high proton conductivity of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) made of Nafion® is attributed to a random 3D network of elongated water channels formed by bundles of rod‐like inverted micelles. Alignment of bundles, e.g., by stretching, is known to significantly enhance the in‐plane conductivity, yet achieving alignment normal to the membrane surface, desired for most applications, is challenging. A few attempts to obtain such alignment by confining Nafion in nanometric trans‐membrane pores of solid anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes were reported, so far with limited success. Here we demonstrate that considerable pore filling of AAO with 200 nm pores by Nafion could be achieved through (i) use of Nafion concentrations below the threshold concentration C*, above which Nafion molecules form large aggregates; and (ii) control of filling rate through a combination of thermal and vacuum evaporation of Nafion solution through the membrane. The proton conductivity and NaCl diffusion permeability (sodium chloride diffusivity) tested by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated superior intrinsic conductivity and selectivity of the composite membrane as compared to commercial Nafion membranes.
Evaluation of Using LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3–δ Contact Layer Between La0.6Sr0.4FeO3 Cathode and Crofer22APU Interconnect for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Morán‐Ruiz A. , Vidal K. , Larrañaga A. , Arriortua M. I. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInterconnect‐cathode interfacial adhesion is important for the durability of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Thus, the use of a conductive contact layer between interconnect and cathode could reduce the cell area specific resistance (ASR). The use of La0.6Sr0.4FeO3 (LSF) cathode, LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3–δ (LNF) contact layer and Crofer22APU interconnect was proposed as an alternative cathode side. LNF‐LSF powder mixtures were heated at 800 °C for 1,000 h and at 1,050 °C for 2 h and analyzed by X‐Ray power diffraction (XRD). The results indicated a low reactivity between the materials. The degradation occurring between the components of the half‐cell (LSF/LNF/Crofer22APU) was studied. XRD results indicated the formation of secondary phases, mainly: SrCrO4, A(B, Cr)O3 (A = La, Sr; B = Ni, Fe) and SrFe12O19. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐Ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX) and the X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyzes confirmed the interaction between LSF/LNF and the metallic interconnect due to the Cr vaporization/migration. An increment of the resistance of ∼0.007 Ω cm2 in 1,000 h is observed for (LSF/LNF/Crofer22APU) sample. However, the ASR values of the cell without contact coating, (LSF/Crofer22APU), were higher (0.31(1) Ω cm2) than those of the system with LNF coated interconnect (0.054(7) Ω cm2), which makes the proposed materials combination interesting for SOFC.
Spatial memory extinction differentially affects dorsal and ventral hippocampal metabolic activity and associated functional brain networks
Authors: Méndez‐Couz Marta , González‐Pardo Héctor , Vallejo Guillermo , Arias Jorge L. , Conejo Nélida M. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPrevious studies showed the involvement of brain regions associated with both spatial learning and associative learning in spatial memory extinction, although the specific role of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus and the extended hippocampal system including the mammillary body in the process is still controversial. The present study aimed to identify the involvement of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, together with cortical regions, the amygdaloid nuclei, and the mammillary bodies in the extinction of a spatial memory task. To address these issues, quantitative cytochrome c oxidase histochemistry was applied as a metabolic brain mapping method. Rats were trained in a reference memory task using the Morris water maze, followed by an extinction procedure of the previously acquired memory task. Results show that rats learned successfully the spatial memory task as shown by the progressive decrease in measured latencies to reach the escape platform and the results obtained in the probe test. Spatial memory was subsequently extinguished as shown by the descending preference for the previously reinforced location. A control naïve group was added to ensure that brain metabolic changes were specifically related with performance in the spatial memory extinction task. Extinction of the original spatial learning task significantly modified the metabolic activity in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, the amygdala and the mammillary bodies. Moreover, the ventral hippocampus, the lateral mammillary body and the retrosplenial cortex were differentially recruited in the spatial memory extinction task, as shown by group differences in brain metabolic networks. These findings provide new insights on the brain regions and functional brain networks underlying spatial memory, and specifically spatial memory extinction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.