bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of complement activation product levels to detect infected pleural effusion in rats
Authors: Peterson Guilherme E. , Silva Samanta S. , Amantéa Sérgio L. , Miorelli Patrícia , Sanches Paulo , Kulczynski Jane , Roesch Eliane , Fraga José Carlos 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackground: Pleural empyema is a well‐known complication of pneumonia. If treatment is delayed, empyema may increase morbidity and mortality in affected patients. Therefore, the identification of empyema biomarkers in parapneumonic pleural effusion is desirable. Previous research has suggested complement activation products as candidate empyema markers. Objective: To compare the levels of complement activation products C3a, C5a, and C5b9 in pleural effusion induced by Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), or turpentine (control). Methods: Thirty‐nine male Wistar rats (mean weight 414 g; 290–546 g) were allocated as follows: 17 animals in the SA group, 12 in the SP group, and 10 in the control group. Bacteria or turpentine were injected into the pleural space. After 12 hr, intrapleural fluid was collected using ultrasound‐guided thoracentesis. Levels of complement activation products were determined using ELISA kits. Results: Two SA and one SP animals died before 12 hr. Mean levels were as follows: C3a: 1066.82 µg/ml (937.29–1196.35 µg/ml) in SA, 1188.28 µg/ml (1095.65–1280.92 µg/ml) in SP, and 679.13 µg/ml (601.29–756.98 µg/ml) in controls (P < 0.001); C5a: 55.727 ng/ml (41.22–70.23 ng/ml) in SA, 520.107 ng/ml (278.92–761.3 ng/ml) in SP, and 5.268 ng/ml (1.68–8.85 ng/ml) in controls (P < 0.001); C5b9: 15.02 ng/ml (13.1–16.94 ng/ml) in SA, 16.63 ng/ml (14.37–18.9 ng/ml) in SP, and 14.05 ng/ml (9.8–18.29 ng/ml) in controls (P = 0.692). ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.987 (95% CI: 0.953–1) for C3a; 1 (1–1) for C5a; and 0.757 for C5b9 (0.523–0.990). Conclusions: In the present rat model, complement activation fragments C3a and C5a accurately detected infected pleural effusion. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:757–762. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A mechanistic study of helicases with magnetic traps
Authors: Hodeib Samar , Raj Saurabh , Manosas Maria , Zhang Weiting , Bagchi Debjani , Ducos Bertrand , Fiorini Francesca , Kanaan Joanne , Le Hir Hervé , Allemand Jean‐François , Bensimon David , Croquette Vincent 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHelicases are a broad family of enzymes that separate nucleic acid double strand structures (DNA/DNA, DNA/RNA, or RNA/RNA) and thus are essential to DNA replication and the maintenance of nucleic acid integrity. We review the picture that has emerged from single molecule studies of the mechanisms of DNA and RNA helicases and their interactions with other proteins. Many features have been uncovered by these studies that were obscured by bulk studies, such as DNA strands switching, mechanical (rather than biochemical) coupling between helicases and polymerases, helicase‐induced re‐hybridization and stalled fork rescue.
A result on output regulation of lower triangular systems with unknown high‐frequency gain sign
Authors: Guo Meichen , Xu Dabo , Liu Lu 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThis paper concerns global robust output regulation of a class of nonlinear lower triangular systems with an unknown high‐frequency gain as well as an unknown exosystem. A novel class of internal model candidates is integrated with the output regulation framework. As a result, stabilization of the augmented system can be performed without parameter estimators. However, the new internal models bring challenges to the stabilization of the augmented system. To overcome these challenges, we propose a new recursive controller design procedure and use it to develop a Nussbaum‐gain‐based controller. This work extends the existing results on nonlinear output regulation of lower triangular systems to the case where both the high‐frequency gain sign and the exosystem are unknown. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Efficient and Recyclable Metal Salt Catalyst for the Production of Biodiesel: Toward Greener Process
Authors: Yang Tao , Cai Bo , Chang Xin , Pan Hui , Huang Yao‐Bing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA highly reactive and recyclable metal catalyst was reported for the transesterification of model vegetable oil with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) under microwave condition. Among the screened catalysts, Al2(SO4)3 provided the highest FAME yield of 98.1 % at 130 oC within 30 min. Different reaction parameters were fully investigated which were found to have great influences on the product yields. Microwave energy showed a remarkable accelerated reaction rate as compared to that from the conventional oil heating way. The catalytic system also showed good tolerance to water and free fatty acids. The catalyst can be easily recovered through a simple extraction/evaporation, which still posed good reactivity in the recycling runs. The characters of the obtained biodiesel was also characterized. Mechanistic studies revealed that the hydrolysis of the metal salt to generate the corresponding cationic and acidic species were responsible for the good catalytic activity of the reaction.
Anticorrosion Effect of 4‐Amino‐5‐(4‐pyridyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol for Mild Steel in HCl Solution
Authors: Farsak Murat , Ongun Yüce Ayşe , Kardaş Gülfeza 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe effect of 4‐amino‐5‐(4‐pyridyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol (4APT) on the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution was investigated as electrochemically, theoretically and qualitatively. Inhibition efficiency of 4APT on mild steel surface was observed and illuminated by EIS, potentiodynamic polarization, SEM and FTIR techniques. All of the experiments show that 4APT provides a good film layer on the surface and inhibits the corrosion of mild steel by adsorbing on a vast scale. The inhibition efficiency of 4APT was found approximately 96 %. It is understood that 4APT is an effective inhibitor for acid corrosion of mild steel.
Ligand‐Field Asymmetry‐Controlled Luminescent Europium (III) and Samarium(III) Tris(β‐diketonate) Complexes of Diphenyl‐(2‐pyridyl‐N‐oxide)‐ Phosphine Oxide
Authors: Vats Bal Govind , Kannan Shanmugaperumal , Kumar Mukesh , Drew Micheal G. B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEight new complexes of the type Ln(OO)3.2 L1, Ln(OO)3.L2 (where Ln=Eu, Sm; OO=thenoyl trifluroacetonate(TTA) and dibenzoylmethanate(DBM); L1=diphenyl, (2‐pyridyl) phosphine oxide (PON) and diphenyl‐(2‐pyridyl‐N‐oxide)phosphine oxide (PONO)) were synthesized for the first time. Complexes were characterized by FTIR, CHN analyses and Single crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques. Structures of samarium complexes show that the L1 behaves as a monodentate ligand and bonds through P=O group to metal centre, whereas L2 behaves as a bidentate ligand and bonds through P=O as well as N−O groups to metal centre. Photophysical properties of all the complexes were measured in solid as well as solution states. Due to increase in ligand field asymmetry around the metal centre (by changing ligand from L1 to L2), the asymmetry ratio REu in Europium(III) tris( diketonate)‐L2 complexes were increased. This leads to increase in intrinsic quantum yield complexes with ligand L2 as compared to that of complexes of ligand L1.
Broadband Photocatalytic Activity of Mesoporous Cd(II)‐Doped TiO2
Authors: Chen Chia‐Yun , Wei Ta‐Cheng , Li Jheng‐Yi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMesoporous Cd(II)‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles are prepared with various Cd contents through a micelle‐mediated hydrothermal method. The as‐prepared 5 %‐Cd(II) doped TiO2 photocatalysts possess highly organized crystallites with large surface area of 389.05 m2/g, and further display the broadband absorption capability extended toward visible region. The involving photocatalytic phenomena of degrading two kinds of non‐biodegradable azo dyes, Remazol Black 5 and Remazol Brilliant Orange 3R, were kinetically modeled, manifesting the fact that the involving photo‐degradation of these different dyes is in accordance with the second‐order kinetic model. With the optimized doping of Cd ions, the photocatalysts possess the tailored mesoporous architectures, leaving the substantially active sites in photocatlytic processs, along with efficient charge separation of photogenerated carriers due to additional trap levels in TiO2 band structures, further provide the improved capability of dye removal.
Facile and Chemically Sustainable Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Diverse 2‐Aryl‐4‐Alkyl/Aryl‐Pyrano[3,2‐c]chromen‐5(4H)‐Ones by One‐Pot Multicomponent Reactions at Room Temperature
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam , Nurjamal Khondekar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA simple, catalyst‐free, straightforward and highly efficient one‐pot synthesis of pharmaceutically‐interesting diverse kind of functionalized 2‐aryl‐4‐alkyl/aryl‐pyrano[3,2‐c]chromen‐5(4H)‐ones (4 a‐4 z′′) and 3‐/4‐(5‐oxo‐2‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydropyrano[3,2‐c]chromen‐4‐yl)benzaldehydes (4′a‐4′j) has been developed based on a multicomponent reaction between alkyl/aryl aldehydes (1/1′), acetophenones (2) and 4‐hydroxycoumarin (3) in aqueous ethanol at room temperature (25‐30 °C). The salient features of this protocol are mild reaction conditions, use of no catalyst, good to excellent yields, high atom‐economy, eco‐friendliness, easy isolation of products, and reusability of reaction media.
An Unequivocal Synthesis of 2‐Aryl Substituted 3‐Amino‐2,4,5,7‐tetrahydro‐6H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐6‐ones
Authors: Bou‐Petit Elisabeth , Picas Elsa , Puigjaner Cristina , Font‐Bardia Mercè , Ferrer Nabí , Sempere Julià , Puig de la Bellacasa Raimon , Batllori Xavier , Teixidó Jordi , Estrada‐Tejedor Roger , Ramon y Cajal Santiago , Borrell José I. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe reaction between pyridones (1) and substituted hydrazines 4 can afford two different regioisomeric pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐6‐ones 2 and 3 depending on the initial substitution of the methoxy group and the direction of the cyclization. In the case of phenylhydrazine 4 (R3 = Ph), we have clearly shown that the treatment of pyridones 1a–d with 4 (R3 = Ph) in MeOH at temperatures below 140°C yields, independently of the nature and position of the substituents present in the pyridone ring, the open intermediates 7a–d. When the reaction is carried at 140°C under microwave irradiation, the corresponding 2‐aryl substituted pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines 3a–d are always formed. We have experimentally determined, using DSC techniques, the activation energies of the two steps involved in the formation of 3: a) substitution of the methoxy group present in pyridones 1 with phenylhydrazine 4 (R3 = Ph) to afford intermediates 7 and b) cyclization of intermediates 7 to yield pyrazolopyridines 3. The results obtained, 15 and 42 kcal⋅mol−1 respectively, are in agreement with the experimental findings.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of o‐Aminobenzamides with Unsaturated Aldehydes to Give 2‐Alkylquinazolinones through a Hydrogen Autotransfer Process
Authors: Zhao Wei , Ma Wangjing , Xiao Tiancun , Li Feng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of 2‐alkylquinazolinones via iridium‐catalyzed cyclization of o‐aminobenzamides with unsaturated aldehydes has been accomplished. In the presence of [Cp*IrCl2]2, a series of desirable products were obtained in 77–91 % yields. This strategy is attractive due to high atom efficiency and the formation of water as the only side product.
Finite Reynolds number effect on the scaling range behaviour of turbulent longitudinal velocity structure functions
Authors: Tang S. L. , Antonia R. A. , Djenidi L. , Danaila L. , Zhou Y. 
Published: May 2017

The effect of large-scale forcing on the second- and third-order longitudinal velocity structure functions, evaluated at the Taylor microscale $r=\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$, is assessed in various turbulent flows at small to moderate values of the Taylor microscale Reynolds number $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$. It is found that the contribution of the large-scale terms to the scale by scale energy budget differs from flow to flow. For a fixed $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$, this contribution is largest on the centreline of a fully developed channel flow but smallest for stationary forced periodic box turbulence. For decaying-type flows, the contribution lies between the previous two cases. Because of the difference in the large-scale term between flows, the third-order longitudinal velocity structure function at $r=\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ differs from flow to flow at small to moderate $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$. The effect on the second-order velocity structure functions appears to be negligible. More importantly, the effect of $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ on the scaling range exponent of the longitudinal velocity structure function is assessed using measurements of the streamwise velocity fluctuation $u$, with $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ in the range 500–1100, on the axis of a plane jet. It is found that the magnitude of the exponent increases as $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ increases and the rate of increase depends on the order $n$. The trend of published structure function data on the axes of an axisymmetric jet and a two-dimensional wake confirms this dependence. For a fixed $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$, the exponent can vary from flow to flow and for a given flow, the larger $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ is, the closer the exponent is to the value predicted by Kolmogorov (Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 30, 1941a, pp. 299–303) (hereafter K41). The major conclusion is that the finite Reynolds number effect, which depends on the flow, needs to be properly accounted for before determining whether corrections to K41, arising from the intermittency of the energy dissipation rate, are needed. We further point out that it is imprudent, if not incorrect, to associate the finite Reynolds number effect with a consequence of the modified similarity hypothesis introduced by Kolmogorov (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 13, 1962, pp. 82–85) (K62); we contend that this association has misled the vast majority of post K62 investigations of the consequences of K62.
Do we Always Act on Maxims?
Authors: Nyholm Sven 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIt is commonly thought that on Kant’s view of action, ‘everyone always acts on maxims’. Call this the ‘descriptive reading’. This reading faces two important problems. First, the idea that people always act on maxims offends against common sense: it clashes with our ordinary ideas about human agency. Second, there are various passages in which Kant says that it is ‘rare’ and ‘admirable’ to firmly adhere to a set of basic principles that we adopt for ourselves. This article offers an alternative: the ‘normative reading’. On this reading, it is a normative ideal to adopt and act on maxims: it is one of the things we would do if our reason were fully in control of our decision-making.
Was Kant a ‘Kantian Constructivist’?
Authors: Schwartz Jeremy 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBoth metaethicists and Kant scholars alike use the phrase ‘Kantian constructivism’ to refer to a kind of austere constructivism that holds that substantive ethical conclusions can be derived from the practical standpoint of rational agency as such. I argue that this widespread understanding of Kant is incompatible with Kant’s claim that the Categorical Imperative is a synthetica prioripractical judgement. Taking this claim about the syntheticity of the Categorical Imperative seriously implies that moral judgements follow from extra-logical but necessary principles. These principles have to do not with the laws of practical thinking but the laws of practical thought about an object. I conclude that historical Kant was not what has come to be called a ‘Kantian constructivist’.
Scalable, ultra-resistant structural colors based on network metamaterials
Authors: Galinski Henning , Favraud Gael , Dong Hao , Gongora Juan S Totero , Favaro Grégory , Döbeli Max , Spolenak Ralph , Fratalocchi Andrea , Capasso Federico 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStructural colors have drawn wide attention for their potential as a future printing technology for various applications, ranging from biomimetic tissues to adaptive camouflage materials. However, an efficient approach to realize robust colors with a scalable fabrication technique is still lacking, hampering the realization of practical applications with this platform. Here, we develop a new approach based on large-scale network metamaterials that combine dealloyed subwavelength structures at the nanoscale with lossless, ultra-thin dielectric coatings. By using theory and experiments, we show how subwavelength dielectric coatings control a mechanism of resonant light coupling with epsilon-near-zero regions generated in the metallic network, generating the formation of saturated structural colors that cover a wide portion of the spectrum. Ellipsometry measurements support the efficient observation of these colors, even at angles of 70°. The network-like architecture of these nanomaterials allows for high mechanical resistance, which is quantified in a series of nano-scratch tests. With such remarkable properties, these metastructures represent a robust design technology for real-world, large-scale commercial applications.
Tradict enables accurate prediction of eukaryotic transcriptional states from 100 marker genes
Authors: Biswas Surojit , Kerner Konstantin , Teixeira Paulo José Pereira Lima , Dangl Jeffery L. , Jojic Vladimir , Wigge Philip A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTranscript levels are a critical determinant of the proteome and hence cellular function. Because the transcriptome is an outcome of the interactions between genes and their products, it may be accurately represented by a subset of transcript abundances. We develop a method, Tradict (transcriptome predict), capable of learning and using the expression measurements of a small subset of 100 marker genes to predict transcriptome-wide gene abundances and the expression of a comprehensive, but interpretable list of transcriptional programs that represent the major biological processes and pathways of the cell. By analyzing over 23,000 publicly available RNA-Seq data sets, we show that Tradict is robust to noise and accurate. Coupled with targeted RNA sequencing, Tradict may therefore enable simultaneous transcriptome-wide screening and mechanistic investigation at large scales.
Identifying individuals with physician-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care electronic medical records: a retrospective chart abstraction study
Authors: Lee Theresa M. , Tu Karen , Wing Laura L. , Gershon Andrea S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLittle is known about using electronic medical records to identify patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to improve quality of care. Our objective was to develop electronic medical record algorithms that can accurately identify patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. A retrospective chart abstraction study was conducted on data from the Electronic Medical Record Administrative data Linked Database (EMRALD®) housed at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences. Abstracted charts provided the reference standard based on available physician-diagnoses, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-specific medications, smoking history and pulmonary function testing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease electronic medical record algorithms using combinations of terminology in the cumulative patient profile (CPP; problem list/past medical history), physician billing codes (chronic bronchitis/emphysema/other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and prescriptions, were tested against the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive values (PPV/NPV) were calculated. There were 364 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease identified in a 5889 randomly sampled cohort aged ≥ 35 years (prevalence = 6.2%). The electronic medical record algorithm consisting of ≥ 3 physician billing codes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease per year; documentation in the CPP; tiotropium prescription; or ipratropium (or its formulations) prescription and a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease billing code had sensitivity of 76.9% (95% CI:72.2–81.2), specificity of 99.7% (99.5–99.8), PPV of 93.6% (90.3–96.1), and NPV of 98.5% (98.1–98.8). Electronic medical record algorithms can accurately identify patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care records. They can be used to enable further studies in practice patterns and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management in primary care.
Gender Differences in Bile Acids and Microbiota in Relationship with Gender Dissimilarity in Steatosis Induced by Diet and FXR Inactivation
Authors: Sheng Lili , Jena Prasant Kumar , Liu Hui-Xin , Kalanetra Karen M. , Gonzalez Frank J. , French Samuel W. , Krishnan Viswanathan V. , Mills David A. , Wan Yu-Jui Yvonne 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study aims to uncover how specific bacteria and bile acids (BAs) contribute to steatosis induced by diet and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) deficiency in both genders. A control diet (CD) and Western diet (WD), which contains high fat and carbohydrate, were used to feed wild type (WT) and FXR knockout (KO) mice followed by phenotyping characterization as well as BA and microbiota profiling. Our data revealed that male WD-fed FXR KO mice had the most severe steatosis and highest hepatic and serum lipids as well as insulin resistance among the eight studied groups. Gender differences in WD-induced steatosis, insulin sensitivity, and predicted microbiota functions were all FXR-dependent. FXR deficiency enriched Desulfovibrionaceae, Deferribacteraceae, and Helicobacteraceae, which were accompanied by increased hepatic taurine-conjugated cholic acid and β-muricholic acid as well as hepatic and serum lipids. Additionally, distinct microbiota profiles were found in WD-fed WT mice harboring simple steatosis and CD-fed FXR KO mice, in which the steatosis had a potential to develop into liver cancer. Together, the presented data revealed FXR-dependent concomitant relationships between gut microbiota, BAs, and metabolic diseases in both genders. Gender differences in BAs and microbiota may account for gender dissimilarity in metabolism and metabolic diseases.
Common Variants in OPG Confer Risk to Bone Mineral Density Variation and Osteoporosis Fractures
Authors: Sheng Xiaoyong , Cai Guangyong , Gong Xingjun , Yao Zouying , Zhu Ye 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlthough many common variants have been identified for bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis fractures, all the identified risk variants could only explain a small portion of heritability of BMD and osteoporosis fractures. OPG belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which plays a crucial role in bone remodeling and is thus a promising candidate gene of osteoporosis. Several studies have explored the association of OPG variants with BMD or osteoporosis fractures, however, the results remain inconsistent among different populations. In the study, we first assessed the relationship between OPG variants and BMD or osteoporosis fractures in our sample size (227 subjects with postmenopausal osteoporosis and 189 controls), and then performed a systematic meta-analysis. Among the nine SNPs genotyped, rs6469804 and rs2073618 showed significant associations with both BMD and osteoporotic fractures, while rs3102735 was only associated with BMD in our samples (P < 0.05). For meta-analyses, data for a total of 12 SNPs were pooled (4725 patients and 37804 controls), and five SNPs, including rs6993813, rs6469804, rs3134070, rs2073618 and rs3102734, showed association with osteoporosis fractures (P < 0.05). On light of the above analysis, we believe that OPG is one promising susceptibility gene of BMD or osteoporotic fractures.