bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LIGHT-CURING DISTANCE AND RESIN THICKNESS EFFECTS ON THE SHORTFIBER–REINFORCED RESIN COMPOSITES’ DEPTH OF CURE
Authors: Herda Ellyza , Sharfina Lulu , Andjani Anggia Nadya , Damiyanti Mia , Irawan Bambang 
Published: January 2018

Objective: This study evaluated the light-curing distance and resin thickness effects on the depth of cure of short fiber–reinforced resin composites (SFRCs).Methods: Fifteen SFRC specimens with a diameter of 6 mm and thickness of 4 mm were divided into groups (n=5) with light-curing distances of 0, 2, and 4 mm. Another 15 specimens with a diameter of 6 mm and thicknesses of 3, 4, and 5 mm (n=5) were subjected to a 0-mm light-curing distance. Microhardness tests were conducted using a Vickers hardness tester (load: 200 g; dwell time: 15 s), and the depth of cure was assessed by calculating the hardness ratio of the bottom to the top surface (%). Statistical tests included one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Fisher’s LSD tests.Results: The depths of cure with 0-, 2-, and 4-mm light-curing distances were 79.0±0.7%, 77.0±0.6%, and 75.0±0.8%, while those with thicknesses of 3, 4, and 5 mm were 81.0±1.0%, 78.2±1.0%, and 34.4±2.0%, respectively. Significant differences (p<0.05) in the depth of cure were found in all groups.Conclusion: A depth of cure >80% was only attained with a 3-mm resin thickness and 0-mm light-curing distance.
POST-CURE’S EFFECT ON THE DEPTH OF CURE OF A SHORT FIBER-REINFORCED RESIN COMPOSITE
Authors: Herda Ellyza , Ninda Nadia Safira , Damiyanti Mia 
Published: January 2018

Objective: This study aimed to identify post-cure’s effect on the depth of cure (DOC) of a short fiber-reinforced resin composite (SFRC).Methods: Six EverX PosteriorTM shade A3 specimens were cured with a light-emitting diode light curing unit with 800 mW/cm2 of light irradiation for 20 s. The specimens were divided into two groups. The first was measured immediately post-cure and the second was measured 24-h post-cure. They were measured with a Vickers microhardness profile test. An independent t-test was used to analyze the significance of the differences between the DOC value and different variables.Results: The DOC of the specimens measured immediately post-cure was 3.02±0.02 mm. The DOC of the specimens measured 24-h post-cure was 3.93±0.03 mm.Conclusion: The DOC of the specimens measured 24-h post-cure was significantly higher than the DOC of the specimens measured immediately post-cure. Post-cure polymerization (24-h post-cure) can increase the DOC values of an SFRC.
Awarded with Economic Growth, from Weak to Strong Patent Legislation: Legal Study with Regard to China
Authors: Naeeni Shaghayegh Haji Bagher 
Published: January 2018

This paper provides a critical legal study on evaluation of patent system in China from the year1980, which is known as the beginning of Chinese modern intellectual property law including patent law till 2016 that China achieved third place in Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) internationally for the highest patent applications according to World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Moreover, researcher will go through few important push factors for Chinese patent legislator who developed stronger Patent law to attract more national and international inventors for investing in Chinese market without hesitation of their patent rights being infringed due to weak legislation. In other words, how China realized that being in the era of globalization for improving economic growth, it should consider at least minimum international standards in its own patent legislation. Hence, the method used in this paper will be purely a doctrine method, because the researcher will be conducting the critical legal study on mentioned aspects, which involves collecting of data from primary and secondary sources. The process involved in this research is a collative process. However, still there is room for improvement in current Chinese patent system, which will be discussed in this paper. All in all, the researcher concluded that concept of globalization is undeniable in national as well as the international market in order to have a reasonable economic growth for the same reason China had considered having stronger patent legislation in order to save its position in the market and also to increase its own rate of economic growth. On the other hand, the paper concludes by putting forward suggestions for modifying Chinese patent system.
Realigning Vocational Skills for Employment and Self Employment of Hearing- Impaired Youths: The Case of Masvingo-Peri Urban
Authors: Muwaniki Chenjerai , Muvirimi Patricia 
Published: January 2018

The study sought to investigate the prospects of equipping hearing impaired youths in peri-urban Masvingo District with skills for employment and self-employment in view of the economic crisis in Zimbabwe. The study used the Human Capital Theory as the theoretical framework. A case study research design was used. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews of eight purposefully selected hearing impaired vocational graduates as well as four key informant interviews with lecturers at the special school. Observations were also done to augment data from the interviews. Thematic analysis was used in analyzing the data. The study revealed that the hearing-impaired graduates acquired technical and vocational and skills at the special school. However, despite the high skill levels, they were not being utilized for their livelihoods. Instead of utilizing their technical and vocational skills, most of the graduates were engaged in self-initiated micro-entrepreneurial activities such as street vending. The major challenges to employment and self-employment included lack of capital, communication barriers and lack of representation and clear policy. The study recommends the realignment of vocational skills with the reality in which hearing-impaired graduates experience daily to focus more on entrepreneurship and community development in view of a weak economy which makes employment and self-employment difficult to achieve.
Effectiveness of Manual Therapy for Pain and Self-reported Function in Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Eckenrode Brian J. , Kietrys David M. , Parrott J. Scott 
Published: January 2018

Study Design Systematic literature review with meta-analysis. Background Management of patellofemoral pain (PFP) may include the utilization of manual therapy (MT) techniques to the patellofemoral joint, surrounding soft tissues, and/or lumbopelvic region. Objectives To determine the effectiveness of MT, used alone or as an adjunct intervention, compared to standard treatment or sham for reducing pain and improving self-reported function in individuals with PFP. Methods An electronic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL databases for studies investigating MT for individuals with PFP. Studies published through August 2017 that compared MT (local or remote to the knee), used alone or in combination with other interventions, to control or sham interventions were included. Patient-reported pain and functional outcomes were collected and synthesized. Trials were assessed via the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and a meta-analysis of the evidence was performed. Results Nine studies were included in the review, 5 of which were rated as having a low risk of bias. The use of MT, applied to the local knee structure, was associated with favorable short-term changes in self-reported function and pain in individuals with PFP, when compared to a comparison (control or sham) intervention. However, the changes were clinically meaningful only for pain (defined as a 2-cm or 2-point improvement on a visual analog scale or numeric pain-rating scale). The evidence regarding lumbopelvic manipulation was inconclusive for pain improvement in individuals with PFP, based on 3 studies. Conclusion The data from this review cautiously suggest that MT may be helpful in the short term for decreasing pain in patients with PFP. Several studies integrated MT into a comprehensive treatment program. Changes in self-reported function with the inclusion of MT were shown to be significant, but not clinically meaningful. The limitations in the studies performed to date suggest that future research should determine the optimal techniques and dosage of MT and perform longer follow-up to monitor long-term effects. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1a. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(5):358–371. Epub 6 Jan 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7243
Knee Joint Loading in Healthy Adults During Functional Exercises: Implications for Rehabilitation Guidelines
Authors: van Rossom Sam , Smith Colin R. , Thelen Darryl G. , Vanwanseele Benedicte , Van Assche Dieter , Jonkers Ilse 
Published: January 2018

Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Background The inclusion of specific exercises in rehabilitation after knee injury is currently expert based, as a thorough description of the knee contact forces during different exercises is lacking. Objective To quantify knee loading during frequently used activities such as squats, lunges, single-leg hops, walking stairs, standing up, and gait, and to grade knee joint loading during these activities. Methods Three-dimensional motion-analysis data of 15 healthy adults were acquired during 9 standardized activities used in rehabilitation. Experimental motion data were processed using musculoskeletal modeling to calculate contact and shear forces on the different knee compartments (tibiofemoral and patellofemoral). Using repeated-measures analyses of variance, contact and shear forces were compared between compartments and exercises, whereas muscle and average maximum femoral forces were compared only between exercises. Results With the exception of squats, all therapeutic exercises imposed higher forces to the tibiofemoral joint compared to gait. Likewise, patellofemoral forces were greater during all exercises when compared to gait. Greater compartmental contact forces were accompanied by greater compartmental shear forces. Furthermore, force distribution over the medial and lateral compartments varied between exercises. With increased knee flexion, more force was imposed on the posterior portion of the condyles. Conclusion These results suggest that with careful selection of exercises, forces on an injured zone of the joint can be reduced, as the force distribution differs strongly between exercises. Based on the results, a graded exercise program for progressive knee joint loading during rehabilitation can be conceptualized. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(3):162–173. Epub 6 Jan 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7459
Konsep Dakwah Dalam Memelihara Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Di Sekitar Hutan (Studi Kasus Di Kabupaten Kerinci)
Authors: Sunata Ivan 
Published: January 2018

Propagation as a pillar of Islam in conveying God's revelation must be interpreted broadly, not just propaganda materials related subject matter (tawhid) but also about the preservation of nature and the welfare of the people (society). Forests should be managed jointly between the public and the government that maintained continuity, while people living in the vicinity to prosperous.	This research is field research field with qualitative research type, research method used is action research or action study with participatory approach, this approach emphasizes the importance of dialogue process in research. In this case can be seen how the concept of da'wah in the maintenance and empowerment of communities around the forest in Kerinci district
KARAKTERSTIK SERAPAN SUARA KOMPOSIT POLYESTER BERPENGUAT SERAT TAPIS KELAPA
Authors: Astika I Made , Dwijana I Gusti Komang 
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate of sound absorption of coconut filter fiber composites. The research material made with coconut filter fiber as reinforcement and matrix resin unsaturated polyester (UPRs) type Yukalac BQTN 157 with 1% hardener types MEKPO (Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide) and fiber treatment by 0,5% KMnO4. Production methods is poltrusion and the variations of fiber volume fraction are 20, 25 and 30% and fiber length are 5, 10 and 15 mm. Testing of sound absorption frequency are 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz. The results of research show that the highest value of sound absorption coefficient is on the composites with composition of 10 mm fiber length and 30% fiber volume fraction, that is 0.550828. The values are included in the class “Sound Absorption Coefficient Class D (Extremely absorbing)” with the range 0.40 – 0.60 based on ISO standard 11654:1997.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH BERBANTUAN VIDEO KARTUN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA KELAS XI SMAN 1 SIKUR TAHUN AJARAN 2014/2015
Authors: M. Jafar Al-idrus Syayid Qosim , Hikmawati Hikmawati , Wahyudi Wahyudi 
Published: January 2018

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan bantuan video kartun terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experimental. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI IPA SMAN 1 Sikur tahun ajaran 2014/2015 dengan jumlah 113 siswa. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan melalui teknik purposive sampling dengan siswa kelas XI IPA 2 sebanyak 37 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas XI IPA 1 sebanyak 36 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah nonequivalent control group design. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes tertulis dalam bentuk pilihan ganda yang sebelumnya dilakukan uji validitas, reliabilitas, analisis tingkat kesukaran, dan analisis daya beda soal. Data hasil tes akhir dianalisis menggunakan uji-t dua pihak dengan rumus pooled varians dan diperoleh thitung sebesar (5,318) dengan ttabel sebesar (1,996) pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Nilai thitung lebih besar dari ttabel maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran berbasis masalah berbantuan video kartun berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Sikur.ÃÂ Kata kunci : Model pembelajaran berbasis masalah, video kartun, hasil belajar.Abstract: This research aims to determine the effect of problem-based learning model assisted cartoon video of the physics student learning outcomes. This type of research is a quasi-experimental. The study population was all students (113 students) of class XI IPA SMAN 1 Sikur academic year 2014/2015. Sampling was done through purposive sampling technique with class XI IPA 2 as experimental class (37 students) and class XI IPA 1 as the control class ( 36 students). The nonequivalent control group was used as the experimental design. The instruments used in the form of a written test in the form of multiple choices previously tested the validity, reliability, analysis of the level of difficulty, and analysis about the different power. The final test result data were analyzed using t-test two parties with pooled variance formula and obtained tcount of (5.318) with ttable of (1.996) at the 5% significance level. The value of tcount greater than ttable then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. This suggests that the problem-based learning model assisted cartoon video has effect on the student class XI of SMAN 1 Sikur physics learning outcomes.Keywords: Problem-based learning model, video cartoon, learning outcomes
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI BERBASIS MACROMEDIA FLASH DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN METAKOGNITIF DAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP SISWA KELAS VIII SMPN 6 MATARAM
Authors: Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , Karnan Karnan 
Published: January 2018

Abstrak: Pembelajaran di sekolah umumnya masih mengandalkan bahasa verbal dalam penyampaian materi, sehingga keterampilan berpikir dan hasil belajar siswa menjadi rendah. Salah satu solusinya adalah menggunakan media belajar berbasis audiovisual yang mampu meningkatkan aspek metakognitif dan penguasaan konsep siswa, seperti Macromedia Flash. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan keterampilan metakognitif dan penguasaan konsep biologi siswa kelas VIII SMPN 6 Mataram yang menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis Macromedia Flash dengan tanpa Macromedia Flash. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah the static-group comparison design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan Macromedia Flash memiliki nilai rata-rata keterampilan metakognitif yang lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang dibelajarkan tanpa Macromedia Flash, yaituÃÂ 85,84 dan 66,80. Berdasarkan hasil uji t diperoleh bahwa terdapat perbedaan keterampilan metakognitif siswa antara kedua kelas tersebut. 2) nilai rata-rata penguasaan konsep siswa pada kelas kontrol lebih tinggi daripada kelas eksperimen yaitu sebesar 85,44 dan 84,79. Analisis uji t menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan penguasaan konsep siswa yang belajar dengan Macromedia Flash dengan siswa yang belajar tanpa Macromedia Flash.Kata kunci:ÃÂ ÃÂ Keterampilan metakognitif, Macromedia Flash, Penguasaan KonsepÃÂ Abstract: Generally in school, the concept delivery in learning process still relies on verbal language, as the result, studentÃ¢â¬â¢s thinking skills and learning outcome become low. Therefore, audiovisual-based learning is needed to improve studentÃ¢â¬â¢s metacognitive and learning outcome aspects, for example by using Macromedia Flash. This research is aimed to differentiate studentÃ¢â¬â¢s metacognitive skills and concept mastery at grade VIII in SMPN 6 Mataram between students who are taught by Macromedia Flash and students who are taught without using Macromedia Flash. This research is included into pre-experimental and the design was the static-group comparison design. The results of this research showed that: 1) students who were taught by Macromedia Flash had average values for metacognitive skils higher than students who were taught without Macromedia Flash, that were 85.84 and 66.80 respectively. From t-test obtained that there was difference of metacognitive skills between both sample groups; 2) the average values of studentÃ¢â¬â¢s concept mastery in control group was higher than students in experimental group, that were 85.44 and 84.79 respectively. T-test analysis indicated that there was no difference of concept mastery between students who were taught by Macromedia Flash and students who were taught without Macromedia Flash.Key words: Metacognitive Skills, Macromedia Flash, Concept Mastery
PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PERAGA LISTRIK DINAMIS (APLD) BERBASIS INKUIRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP SISWA
Authors: Hasbi Muhammad Azhari , - Kosim , - Gunawan 
Published: January 2018

In this study has been developed a teaching aid of dynamic electricity(APLD) inquiry based to support dynamic electricity of learning. This study included research development. The purpose of this study was to develop and test the effectiveness of the teaching aid to increase mastery of concepts of students. The study involved IX grade of junior students who were following the dynamic electricity of learning were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The instrument used was the dynamic electric concept mastery test. Analysis of data using different test and the average normalized gain scores . This study showed an increase in mastery of concepts in both groups. The Increase concepts mastery of students using APLDinquiry-based was higher than students who studied the electrical KIT with verification based-guide. The increase was highest in the mastery of concept Ohm's Law (69.3 %) and the lowest was in the electric power concept (10.8 %) Keyword: Teaching aid of dynamic electricity (APLD) inquiry based, mastery of concepts dynamic electricity.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY DAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING BERBASIS EKSPERIMEN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA DAN SIKAP ILMIAH SISWA
Authors: Istiqamah Nur , Doyan Aris , Taufik Muhammad 
Published: January 2018

This research is aimed to investigate the influence of discovery learning model and guided inquiry based experiment method to the physics learning outcomes and students’ scientific attitude. This research is a quasi experiment with 2×2 of factorial design method. The population is all students of 13 classes of grade X of SMAN 2 Mataram. Sample is determined by using a cluster random sampling method. Data is analyzed by t-test statistics of two sample. The results showed that discovery learning model based experiment method has influence to the physics learning outcomes and students’ scientific attitude, and guided inquiry learning model based experiment method has influence to the physics learning outcomes and students’ scientific attitude. Beside that, discovery learning model and guided inquiry based experiment method has influence to the physics learning outcomes and students’ scientific attitude.Keywords: discovery, guided inquiry, experiment, physics learning outcomes, and scientific attitude
Rate of approximation of K-monotone functions in L_(Ïˆ,p) (I) space , 0<p<1
Authors: Zuhair Abd AL-Sada Nada 
Published: January 2018

In this paper we shown that the relationship with the best algebraic approximation and K- monotone functions with bounded such that derivatives by algebraice polynomial of degree , which interpolates a K-monotone functions in an interval at K points, and by this worke , we are found the rate of approximation of K-monotone functions in space
Climate change and maize agriculture among Chepang communities of Nepal: A review
Authors: Sharma Pratiksha , Kattel Rishi Ram , Subedi Ananta Prakash 
Published: January 2018

This paper reviews recent literature concerning effects of climate change on agriculture and its agricultural adaptation strategies, climate change impacts on Chepang communities and their maize farming. Climate change is perhaps the most serious environmental threat to agricultural productivity. Change in temperature and precipitation specially has greater influence on crop growth and productivity and most of these effect are found to be adverse. Climate change has been great global threat with global temperature rise by 0.83 °C and global sea level rise by 0.19 m. Poor countries of the world are more vulnerable to changing climate due to different technological, institutional and resource constraints. In context of Nepal, practices like tree plantation, lowering numbers of livestock, shifting to off farm activities, sloping agricultural land technology (SALT) and shifting cultivation are most common coping strategies. Chepang, one of the most backward indigenous ethnic groups of Nepal are also found to perceive change in the climate. Perception and adaptation strategies followed by different farmers of world including Chepang is mainly found to be effected by household head’s age, size of farm, family size, assessment to credit, information and extension service, training received and transportation. Maize is second most important crop in Nepal in which increase in temperature is favorable in Mountain and its yield is negatively influenced by increase in summer rain and maximum temperature. Local knowledge of indigenous people provides new insights into the phenomenon that has not yet been scientifically researched. So, government should combine this perceptive with scientific climate scenario and should conduct activities in term of adoption strategies and policies to insist targeted and marginalized farmers.