bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis and reinterpretation of Cenozoic mesofossils reveals ancient origin of the snapping claw of alpheid shrimps
Authors: Hyžný Matúš , Kroh Andreas , Ziegler Alexander , Anker Arthur , Košťák Martin , Schlögl Ján , Culka Adam , Jagt John W. M. , Fraaije René H. B. , Harzhauser Mathias , van Bakel Barry W. M. , Ruman Andrej 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlpheid snapping shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) constitute one of the model groups for inferences aimed at understanding the evolution of complex structural, behavioural, and ecological traits among benthic marine invertebrates. Despite being a super-diverse taxon with a broad geographical distribution, the alpheid fossil record is still poorly known. However, data presented herein show that the strongly calcified fingertips of alpheid snapping claws are not uncommon in the fossil record and should be considered a novel type of mesofossil. The Cenozoic remains analysed here represent a compelling structural match with extant species of Alpheus. Based on the presence of several distinct snapping claw-fingertip morphotypes, the major radiation of Alpheus lineages is estimated to have occurred as early as 18 mya. In addition, the oldest fossil record of alpheids in general can now be confirmed for the Late Oligocene (27–28 mya), thus providing a novel minimum age for the entire group as well as the first reliable calibration point for deep phylogenetic inferences.
Meta-analysis of Soy Consumption and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk
Authors: Lu Demin , Pan Chi , Ye Chenyang , Duan Huijie , Xu Fei , Yin Li , Tian Wei , Zhang Suzhan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSoy consumption has received considerable attention for its potential role in reducing cancer incidence and mortality. However, its effects on gastrointestinal (GI) cancer are controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between soy consumption and gastrointestinal cancer risk by searching for prospective studies in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the reference lists of the included articles. The study-specific odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using either a fixed-effect or random-effect model. Twenty-two independent prospective studies were eligible for our meta-analysis, including 21 cohort studies and one nested case-control study. Soy product consumption was inversely associated with the incidence of overall GI cancer (0.857; 95% CI: 0.766, 0.959) and the gastric cancer subgroup (0.847; 95% CI: 0.722, 0.994) but not the colorectal cancer subgroup. After stratifying the results according to gender, an inverse association was observed between soy product intake and the incidence of GI cancer for females (0.711; 95% CI: 0.506, 0.999) but not for males.
miR-100-5p inhibition induces apoptosis in dormant prostate cancer cells and prevents the emergence of castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Nabavi Noushin , Saidy Nur Ridzwan Nur , Venalainen Erik , Haegert Anne , Parolia Abhijit , Xue Hui , Wang Yuwei , Wu Rebecca , Dong Xin , Collins Colin , Crea Francesco , Wang Yuzhuo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCarcinoma of the prostate is the most common cancer in men. Treatment of aggressive prostate cancer involves a regiment of radical prostectomy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. Despite significant improvements in the last decade, the treatment of prostate cancer remains unsatisfactory, because a significant fraction of prostate cancers develop resistance to multiple treatments and become incurable. This prompts an urgent need to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of therapy-induced resistance of prostate cancer either in the form of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) or transdifferentiated neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). By analyzing micro-RNA expression profiles in a set of patient-derived prostate cancer xenograft tumor lines, we identified miR-100-5p as one of the key molecular components in the initiation and evolution of androgen ablation therapy resistance in prostate cancer. In vitro results showed that miR-100-5p is required for hormone-independent survival and proliferation of prostate cancer cells post androgen ablation. In Silico target predictions revealed that miR-100-5p target genes are involved in key aspects of cancer progression, and are associated with clinical outcome. Our results suggest that mir-100-5p is a possible therapeutic target involved in prostate cancer progression and relapse post androgen ablation therapy.
Post-exposure treatment of non-human primates lethally infected with Ebola virus with EBOTAb, a purified ovine IgG product
Authors: Dowall Stuart D. , Jacquot Frédéric , Landon John , Rayner Emma , Hall Graham , Carbonnelle Caroline , Raoul Hervé , Pannetier Delphine , Cameron Ian , Coxon Ruth , Al Abdulla Ibrahim , Hewson Roger , Carroll Miles W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite sporadic outbreaks of Ebola virus (EBOV) over the last 4 decades and the recent public health emergency in West Africa, there are still no approved vaccines or therapeutics for the treatment of acute EBOV disease (EVD). In response to the 2014 outbreak, an ovine immunoglobulin therapy was developed, termed EBOTAb. After promising results in the guinea pig model of EBOV infection, EBOTAb was tested in the cynomolgus macaque non-human primate model of lethal EBOV infection. To ensure stringent therapeutic testing conditions to replicate likely clinical usage, EBOTAb was first delivered 1, 2 or 3 days post-challenge with a lethal dose of EBOV. Results showed a protective effect of EBOTAb given post-exposurally, with survival rates decreasing with increasing time after challenge. Viremia results demonstrated that EBOTAb resulted in a decreased circulation of EBOV in the bloodstream. Additionally, assay of liver enzymes and histology analysis of local tissues identified differences between EBOTAb-treated and untreated groups. The results presented demonstrate that EBOTAb conferred protection against EBOV when given post-exposure and should be explored and developed further as a potential intervention strategy for future outbreaks, which are likely to occur.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of cyadox against Clostridium perfringens in swine
Authors: Yan Lei , Xie Shuyu , Chen Dongmei , Pan Yuanhu , Tao Yanfei , Qu Wei , Liu ZhenLi , Yuan Zonghui , Huang Lingli 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of cyadox against Clostridium perfringens in swine and optimize the dosage regimen using ex vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling. After oral administration, the ileum fluid of pigs containing the free cyadox was collected by implanted ultrafiltration probes. The Tmax, AUC24h, and CL/F of free cyadox in the ileum fluid were 1.96 h, 106.40 μg/h/mL, and 0.27 L/kg/h, respectively. Cyadox displayed a concentration-dependent killing action against C. perfrignens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cyadox against 60 clinical isolates ranged from 0.5 to 8 μg/mL, with MIC50 and MIC90 values of 2 and 4 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC was 2 μg/mL against the pathogenic C. perfrignens isolate CPFK122995 in both broth and ileum fluid. According to the inhibitory sigmoid Emax modeling, the AUC24h/MIC ratios of ileum fluid required to achieve the bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and virtual bacterial elimination effects were 26.72, 39.54, and 50.69 h, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations for the 90% target attainment rate (TAR) predicted daily doses of 29.30, 42.56, and 54.50 mg/kg over 24 h to achieve bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination actions, respectively. The results of this study suggest that cyadox is a promising antibacterial agent for the treatment of C. perfringens infections, and can be used to inform its clinical use.
Protecting visual short-term memory during maintenance: Attentional modulation of target and distractor representations
Authors: Vissers Marlies E. , Gulbinaite Rasa , van den Bos Tijl , Slagter Heleen A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the presence of distraction, attentional filtering is a key predictor of efficient information storage in visual short-term memory (VSTM). Yet, the role of attention in distractor filtering, and the extent to which attentional filtering continues to protect information during post-perceptual stages of VSTM, remains largely unknown. In the current study, we investigated the role of spatial attention in distractor filtering during VSTM encoding and maintenance. Participants performed a change detection task with varying distractor load. Attentional deployment to target and distractor locations was tracked continuously by means of Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs). Analyses revealed that attention strongly modulated the amplitude of the second harmonic SSVEP response, with larger amplitudes at target compared to distractor locations. These attentional modulations commenced during encoding, and remained present during maintenance. Furthermore, the amount of attention paid to distractor locations was directly related to behavioral distractor costs: Individuals who paid more attention to target compared to distractor locations during VSTM maintenance generally suffered less from the presence of distractors. Together, these findings support an important role of spatial attention in distractor filtering at multiple stages of VSTM, and highlight the usefulness of SSVEPs in continuously tracking attention to multiple locations during VSTM.
Resistin promotes the abnormal Type I collagen phenotype of subchondral bone in obese patients with end stage hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Philp Ashleigh M. , Collier Rebecca L. , Grover Liam M. , Davis Edward T. , Jones Simon W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adiposity on the architecture and composition of hip OA subchondral bone, and to examine the pathological role of adipokines. Femoral heads were collected from normal-weight or over-weight/obese patients with hip OA. Structural parameters of subchondral bone were determined by MicroCT and type I collagenα1/α2 ratio was determined by SDS PAGE and by qRT-PCR inex-vivobone explants. The serum concentration of adipokines was determined by Luminex. The effect of resistin on primary OA osteoblasts was determined by analysis of Wnt pathway signal transduction, bone nodule formation, and osteoblast metabolic activity. Subchondral bone from over-weight/obese hip OA patients exhibited reduced trabecular thickness, increased bone surface/bone volume ratio, and an increase in the Type I collagenα1/α2, compared to normal-weight hip OA patients. The serum concentration of resistin was higher in overweight/obese OA patients, compared to normal-weight OA patients. Stimulation of normal-weight bone explant with recombinant resistin increased the Type I collagenα1/α2 ratio. Stimulation of primary OA osteoblasts with recombinant resistin increased Wnt signalling activation, osteoblast metabolic activity, and bone nodule formation. Increased adiposity in hip OA patients is associated with altered subchondral bone architecture and type I collagen composition.
Replication of Gout/Urate Concentrations GWAS Susceptibility Loci Associated with Gout in a Han Chinese Population
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Zhou Zhaowei , Hou Xu , Lu Dajiang , Yuan Xuan , Lu Jie , Wang Can , Han Lin , Cui Lingling , Liu Zhen , Chen Jianhua , Cheng Xiaoyu , Zhang Keke , Ji Jue , Jia Zhaotong , Ma Lidan , Xin Ying , Liu Tian , Yu Qing , Ren Wei , Wang Xuefeng , Li Xinde , Mi Qing-Sheng , Shi Yongyong , Li Changgui 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGout is a chronic disease resulting from elevated serum urate (SU). Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified dozens of susceptibility loci for SU/gout, but few have been conducted for Chinese descent. Here, we try to extensively investigate whether these loci contribute to gout risk in Han Chinese. A total of 2255 variants in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with GWAS identified SU/gout associated variants were analyzed in a Han Chinese cohort of 1255 gout patients and 1848 controls. Cumulative genetic risk score analysis was performed to assess the cumulative effect of multiple “risk” variants on gout incidence. 23 variants (41%) of LD pruned variants set (n = 56) showed nominal association with gout in our sample (p < 0.05). Some of the previously reported gout associated loci (except ALDH16A1), including ABCG2, SLC2A9, GCKR, ALDH2 and CNIH2, were replicated. Cumulative genetic risk score analyses showed that the risk of gout increased for individuals with the growing number (≥8) of the risk alleles on gout associated loci. Most of the gout associated loci identified in previous GWAS were confirmed in an independent Chinese cohort, and the SU associated loci also confer susceptibility to gout. These findings provide important information of the genetic association of gout.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Treatment Can Ameliorate Microvascular Leakage Caused by Combined Alcohol Intoxication and Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Doggett Travis M. , Alves Natascha G. , Yuan Sarah Y. , Breslin Jerome W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFluid resuscitation following hemorrhagic shock is often problematic, with development of prolonged hypotension and edema. In addition, many trauma patients are also intoxicated, which generally worsens outcomes. We directly investigated how alcohol intoxication impacts hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation-induced microvascular leakage using a rat model with intravital microscopic imaging. We also tested the hypothesis that an endothelial barrier-protective bioactive lipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), could ameliorate the microvascular leakage following alcohol intoxication plus hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. Our results show that alcohol intoxication exacerbated hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation-induced hypotension and microvascular leakage. We next found that S1P effectively could reverse alcohol-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction using both cultured endothelial cell monolayer andin vivomodels. Lastly, we observed that S1P administration ameliorated hypotension and microvascular leakage following combined alcohol intoxication and hemorrhagic shock, in a dose-related manner. These findings suggest the viability of using agonists that can improve microvascular barrier function to ameliorate trauma-induced hypotension, offering a novel therapeutic opportunity for potentially improving clinical outcomes in patients with multi-hit injuries.
The highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes of the crabs Maja crispata and Maja squinado (Majidae) and gene order evolution in Brachyura
Authors: Basso Andrea , Babbucci Massimiliano , Pauletto Marianna , Riginella Emilio , Patarnello Tomaso , Negrisolo Enrico 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of the spider crabsMaja crispataandMaja squinado(Majidae, Brachyura). Both genomes contain the whole set of 37 genes characteristic of Bilaterian genomes, encoded on both α- and β-strands. Both species exhibit the same gene order, which is unique among known animal genomes. In particular, all the genes located on the β-strand form a single block. This gene order was analysed together with the other nine gene orders known for the Brachyura. Our study confirms that the most widespread gene order (BraGO) represents the plesiomorphic condition for Brachyura and was established at the onset of this clade. All other gene orders are the result of transformational pathways originating from BraGO. The different gene orders exhibit variable levels of genes rearrangements, which involve only tRNAs or all types of genes. Local homoplastic arrangements were identified, while complete gene orders remain unique and represent signatures that can have a diagnostic value. Brachyura appear to be a hot-spot of gene order diversity within the phylum Arthropoda. Our analysis, allowed to track, for the first time, the fully evolutionary pathways producing the Brachyuran gene orders. This goal was achieved by coupling sophisticated bioinformatic tools with phylogenetic analysis.
Lateral habenula regulation of emotional hyperthermia: mediation via the medullary raphé
Authors: Ootsuka Youichirou , Mohammed Mazher , Blessing William W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe lateral habenula (LHb) has an important role in the behavioural response to salient, usually aversive, events. We previously demonstrated that activation of neurons in the LHb increases brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and constricts the cutaneous vascular bed, indicating that the LHb contributes to the central control of sympathetic outflow to thermoregulatory effector organs. We have now investigated whether the LHb mediates BAT thermogenesis elicited by emotional stress, and whether the LHb modulates thermoregulatory sympathetic outflow via the rostral medullary raphé, a key integrative lower brainstem sympathetic control centre. In conscious animals, lesioning the LHb attenuated emotional BAT thermogenesis, suggesting that the LHb is part of the central circuitry mediating emotional hyperthermia. In anesthetized animals, inhibition of neurons in the rostral medullary raphé reversed BAT thermogenesis and cutaneous vasoconstriction elicited by activation of neurons in the LHb, indicating that the LHb-induced autonomic responses are mediated through activation of the rostral medullary raphé neurons. The latency to activate BAT sympathetic discharge from electrical stimulation of the LHb was substantially greater than the corresponding latency after stimulation of the medullary raphé, suggesting that the neuronal pathway connecting those two nuclei is quite indirect.
Molecular methods to detect Spodoptera frugiperda in Ghana, and implications for monitoring the spread of invasive species in developing countries
Authors: Cock Matthew J. W. , Beseh Patrick K. , Buddie Alan G. , Cafá Giovanni , Crozier Jayne 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSpodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest indigenous throughout the Americas, which recently appeared in Africa, first reported from São Tomé, Nigeria, Bénin and Togo in 2016, and which we now report from Ghana. This species is recognised to comprise two morphologically identical but genetically distinct strains or species in the Americas, and we found both to be present in Ghana. We discuss possible routes of entry to Africa, of which the likeliest is adults and/or egg masses transported on direct commercial flights between the Americas and West Africa, followed by dispersal by adult flight within Africa. Identification of Lepidoptera is normally based on the markings and morphology of adults, and not on the larvae which actually cause the damage, and therefore larvae have to be reared through to adult for authoritative identification. We confirmed that the use of DNA barcoding allowed unequivocal identification of this new pest from Ghana based on the larvae alone. As authenticated barcodes for vouchered specimens of more pests become available, this approach has the potential to become a valuable in-country tool to support national capability in rapid and reliable pest diagnosis and identification.
Active removal of waste dye pollutants using Ta3N5/W18O49 nanocomposite fibres
Authors: Jones Daniel R. , Gomez Virginia , Bear Joseph C. , Rome Bertrand , Mazzali Francesco , McGettrick James D. , Lewis Aled R. , Margadonna Serena , Al-Masry Waheed A. , Dunnill Charles W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA scalable solvothermal technique is reported for the synthesis of a photocatalytic composite material consisting of orthorhombic Ta3N5 nanoparticles and WOx≤3 nanowires. Through X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the as-grown tungsten(VI) sub-oxide was identified as monoclinic W18O49. The composite material catalysed the degradation of Rhodamine B at over double the rate of the Ta3N5 nanoparticles alone under illumination by white light, and continued to exhibit superior catalytic properties following recycling of the catalysts. Moreover, strong molecular adsorption of the dye to the W18O49 component of the composite resulted in near-complete decolourisation of the solution prior to light exposure. The radical species involved within the photocatalytic mechanisms were also explored through use of scavenger reagents. Our research demonstrates the exciting potential of this novel photocatalyst for the degradation of organic contaminants, and to the authors’ knowledge the material has not been investigated previously. In addition, the simplicity of the synthesis process indicates that the material is a viable candidate for the scale-up and removal of dye pollutants on a wider scale.
Segregation of glutamatergic and cholinergic transmission at the mixed motoneuron Renshaw cell synapse
Authors: Lamotte d’Incamps Boris , Bhumbra Gardave S. , Foster Joshua D. , Beato Marco , Ascher Philippe 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn neonatal mice motoneurons excite Renshaw cells by releasing both acetylcholine (ACh) and glutamate. These two neurotransmitters activate two types of nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) (﻿the homomeric α7 receptors and the heteromeric α*ß* receptors) as well as the two types of glutamate receptors (GluRs) (AMPARs and NMDARs). Using paired recordings, we confirm that a single motoneuron can release both transmitters on a single post-synaptic Renshaw cell. We then show that co-transmission is preserved in adult animals. Kinetic analysis of miniature EPSCs revealed quantal release of mixed events associating AMPARs and NMDARs, as well as α7 and α*ß* nAChRs, but no evidence was found for mEPSCs associating nAChRs with GluRs. Bayesian Quantal Analysis (BQA) of evoked EPSCs showed that the number of functional contacts on a single Renshaw cell is more than halved when the nicotinic receptors are blocked, confirming that the two neurotransmitters systems are segregated. Our observations can be explained if ACh and glutamate are released from common vesicles onto spatially segregated post-synaptic receptors clusters, but a pre-synaptic segregation of cholinergic and glutamatergic release sites is also possible.
Engineered Newcastle disease virus expressing the F and G proteins of AMPV-C confers protection against challenges in turkeys
Authors: Hu Haixia , Roth Jason P. , Zsak Laszlo , Yu Qingzhong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAvian metapneumovirus (AMPV) infects the respiratory and reproductive tracts of domestic poultry, resulting in substantial economic losses for producers. Live attenuated vaccines appear to be the most effective in countries where the disease is prevalent. However, reversion to virulence has been demonstrated in several studies. Therefore, the development of a stable and safe next generation vaccine against the AMPV disease is needed. In the present study, we generated a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vectoring the fusion (F) protein and glycoprotein (G) genes of AMPV subtype-C (AMPV-C) as a bivalent vaccine candidate using reverse genetics technology. The recombinant virus, rLS/AMPV-C F&G, was slightly attenuated in vivo, yet maintained similar characteristics in vitro when compared to the parental LaSota virus. Vaccination of turkeys with rLS/AMPV-C F&G induced both AMPV-C and NDV-specific antibody responses, and provided significant protection against pathogenic AMPV-C challenge and complete protection against velogenic NDV challenge. These results suggest that the rLS/AMPV-C F&G recombinant virus is a safe and effective bivalent vaccine candidate and that the expression of both F and G proteins of AMPV-C induces a protective response against the AMPV-C disease.