bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Basis for Inhibition of the SARS‐CoV‐2 nsp16 by Substrate‐Based Dual Site Inhibitors
Authors: Kalnins Gints , Rudusa Laura , Bula Anna L. , Zelencova‐Gopejenko Diana , Bobileva Olga , Sisovs Mihails , Tars Kaspars , Jirgensons Aigars , Jaudzems Kristaps , Bobrovs Raitis 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCoronaviruses, including SARS‐CoV‐2, possess an mRNA 5′ capping apparatus capable of mimicking the natural eukaryotic capping signature. Two SAM‐dependent methylating enzymes play important roles in this process: nsp14 methylates the N7 of the guanosine cap, and nsp16‐nsp10 methylates the 2′‐O‐ of subsequent nucleotides of viral mRNA. The 2′‐O‐methylation performed by nsp16‐nsp10 is crucial for the escape of the viral RNA from innate immunity. Inhibition of this enzymatic activity has been proposed as a way to combat coronaviruses. In this study, we employed X‐ray crystallography to analyze the binding of the SAM analogues to the active site of nsp16‐nsp10. We obtained eleven 3D crystal structures of the nsp16‐nsp10 complexes with SAM‐derived inhibitors, demonstrated different conformations of the methionine substituting part of the molecules, and confirmed that simultaneous dual‐site targeting of both SAM and RNA sites correlates with higher inhibitory potential.
Cytologic diagnosis of papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity
Authors: Wu Sarah J. , Renshaw Andrew A. , Sadow Peter M. , Mahadevan Navin R. , Hirsch Michelle S. , Manoharan Murugesan , Cibas Edmund S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPapillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity is a recently recognized low‐grade neoplasm with a favorable prognosis. To date, its cytologic features have not been well documented.MethodsTwo patients with papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity sampled by fine needle aspiration and core needle biopsy are described, one of whom is under active surveillance without clinical progression and the other is alive and well 16 years after partial nephrectomy.ResultsThe cytologic features included a mix of papillae and dispersed cells with abundant oncocytic cytoplasm and round, bland nuclei apically displaced away from the papillary core. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for GATA3 in both cases. Molecular studies on one of the cases showed a KRAS p.G12V mutation.ConclusionsThe cytologic features of this distinctive, indolent neoplasm are important to recognize because patients with papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity may be excellent candidates for partial nephrectomy or even active surveillance.
The responses of weed communities to field nutrients and their ecological benefits in rice fields: A review
Authors: Jiang Min , Guo Kefan , Chen Zhang , Wang Jiaqi , Huang Lifen , Shen Xinping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhile traditionally perceived as yield‐reducing elements in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation, weed communities in paddy fields play a crucial role in the ecosystem. These communities, when selectively retained, can significantly enhance ecosystem services. This review examines the impact of various weed communities on rice in different paddy fields, their response to field nutrients, and the ecological benefits they offer. These benefits include nitrogen retention, promotion of microbial diversity, and reduction of diseases, pests, and weed proliferation. Examples of such benefits are seen in weeds like Lemna minor L. and Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai, which help in nitrogen fixation and act as biocontrol agents against harmful pests. However, current research in this area faces challenges, including the lack of intelligent and precise weed control technologies, comprehensive green control strategies, and expertise in weed management. Our findings suggest a strategic approach to weed control in paddy fields, emphasizing the importance of preserving weed species that have minimal impact on rice yields but offer significant ecological advantages. These practices can lead to grass‐mediated weed control and enhanced nutrient absorption, thereby reducing fertilizer loss. Ultimately, this approach could reduce the reliance on chemical fertilizers and herbicides in paddy fields, laying the groundwork for greener rice cultivation and sustainable agricultural practices.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to bruchids (Callosobruchus maculatus) in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Authors: Unzimai Innocent Vulou , Karungi Jeninah , Edema Richard , Gibson Paul , Badji Arfang , Adjei Emmanuel Amponsah , Ozimati Alfred Adebo , Tambwe Masudi Fiston , Dramadri Isaac Onziga 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) is a major storage insect pest that reduces cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) yield and seed quality, making it unsafe for consumption. This study seeks to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance to cowpea bruchids. A total of 120 F2 lines from a cross between MU9 (susceptible) and WC42 (resistant) were genotyped with 2753 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. The F2:3 seeds were screened for resistance to cowpea bruchids using a no‐choice experiment. Significant differences were observed among the F2:3 lines for bruchid‐resistance traits, except on oviposition. The Dobie susceptibility index scale grouped the F2:3 lines from moderately resistant to highly susceptible, hence no highly resistant line was identified in this study. Ten QTL for resistance to bruchids were identified on chromosomes Vu02, Vu03, Vu04, Vu06, Vu08, Vu09, and Vu11. Two major QTLs were identified and mapped: on Vu06 for median development period (MDP6.1MW, R2 = 25.9%) and a co‐localized QTL region on Vu09 for number of adult bruchid emergence (NEI9.1MW, R2 = 28.6%), number of eggs per 10 seeds (NE9.1MW, R2 = 18.8%), average number of exit holes on seeds (ANH9.1MW, R2 = 19.6%), and seed weight (R2 = 15.6%–16.3%), respectively. Therefore, markers linked to the QTL identified in this study including MDP6.1MW, NEI9.1MW, and ANH9.1MW can be validated for marker‐assisted selection to fasten breeding for resistance to bruchid in cowpea.
U‐shaped relationships between corporate carbon performance and cost of debt: Evidence of China
Authors: Wang Hua , Chang Haodong , Wu Kun‐Shan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe increasing environmental pressures and sustainability targets have necessitated organizations to actively adopting carbon‐efficiency practices, thereby, emphasize key stakeholders' increasing awareness of the decarbonization projects in their decision‐making. This paper seeks insights into whether and how corporate carbon performance (CCP) initiatives affect cost of debt (COD). Using a sample of publicly listed firms in China that disclosed carbon emissions from 2018 to 2022, this research verifies the U‐shaped CCP–COD relationship. Furthermore, information asymmetric moderates the U‐shaped CCP–COD relationship, with lower information asymmetric flattening the shape of the U‐shaped curve. Overall, the existence of a non‐linear pattern reconciles the extant inconsistent evidence that suggests either a positive or a negative CCP–COD linkage. This research provides comprehensive evidence that CCP implementations, while motived by ethical intention, can have a double‐edged effect. These findings are pertinent to corporate stakeholders and governmental policymakers concerning the consequences of carbon‐related activities of their organizations.
Impact of internal and external corporate social responsibility on internationalization speed: Evidence from Chinese multinational enterprises
Authors: Guo Zhuang , Xie Yi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigate the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the internationalization speed of Chinese multinational enterprises (CMNEs) through the lenses of a resource‐constraint framework and a legitimacy perspective. By considering the tension between legitimacy and efficiency, and utilizing the 2206 firm‐year data from 473 publicly listed CMNEs from 2011 to 2019, we illustrate the distinct effects between two types of CSR (e.g., internal CSR and external CSR) and internationalization speed. While external CSR focuses on commitments to external stakeholders, such as customers, communities, and the environment, internal CSR prioritizes internal practices and rules that fulfill the organization's duties to the employees. Specifically, the costs associated with engaging in internal CSR surpass the legitimacy gains, resulting in a negative impact on internationalization speed; conversely, the efficiency benefits of engaging in external CSR outweigh the legitimacy losses, thereby positively influencing internationalization speed. What is more, institutional distance, which captures the difference in institutional profiles between two countries, weakens the positive impact of external CSR on internationalization speed but intensifies the negative effect of internal CSR on internationalization speed. This research contributes to the international business literature by considering a balanced perspective on the trade‐off between legitimacy and efficiency. Our study further enriches the CSR literature by shedding light on the distinct influences that diverse CSR initiatives exert within the context of internationalization.
Comparative assessment and performance analysis of interference mitigation techniques for co‐existent non‐geostationary and geostationary satellites
Authors: Öztürk Faik , Aydın Elif , Kara Ali 
Published: September 2024

SummaryIn recent years, technological developments with user demands, reduced production, and launch costs have rapidly increased the number of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in space. Since LEO satellites use the same frequency band as existing Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, the interference coordination between the two satellite networks is vital. In order to minimize the co‐existent interference between these satellite networks, studies perform on different interference mitigation strategies. In this paper, analysis and comparative assessment of these interference mitigation techniques are presented for the co‐existent Non‐Geostationary Earth (NGEO) and GEO systems. More specifically, power control (PC) and spatial isolation‐based link adaptation (SILA) techniques are studied comparatively for the performance evaluation. It is shown that the communication link bandwidth is more efficiently utilized in the SILA technique when compared with the PC technique. Moreover, the multi‐objective optimization problem (MOP) approach in the SILA technique is demonstrated to be more effective when compared with the single‐objective optimization problem (SOP) approach used in the PC technique as the simultaneous prioritizing objective functions outperforms single prioritization. Finally, it is shown that when the PC technique is applied together with the SILA technique, the exclusive angle (EA) can be reduced up to 8% for 100 Mbps, and 8.5% for 200 Mbps transmission bit rates in different operational scenarios. The presented performance evaluation in this paper may help the satellite operator or decision‐maker gain insights on which mitigation technique can be used in the case of a co‐existent interference.
Ecological success of no‐take marine protected areas: Using population dynamics theory to inform a global meta‐analysis
Authors: Hopf Jess K. , Quennessen Victoria , Ridgway Jacob , Barceló Caren , Caltabellotta Fabio Prior , Farnsworth Hayroyan Sarah , Garcia Derek , McLeod Montana , Lester Sarah E. , Nickols Kerry , Yeager Mallarie , White J. Wilson 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdaptively managing marine protected areas (MPAs) requires accurately assessing whether established MPAs are achieving their goals of protecting and conserving biomass, especially for harvested populations. Ecological MPA assessments commonly compare inside of the MPA to a reference point outside of and/or before implementation (i.e., calculating “response ratios”). Yet, MPAs are not simple ecological experiments; by design, protected populations interact with those outside, and population dynamic responses can be nonlinear. This complicates assessment interpretations. Here, we used a two‐patch population model to explore how MPA response ratios (outside–inside, before–after, and before–after‐control‐impact [BACI]) for fished populations behave under different conditions, like whether the population is receiving a sustainable larval supply or if it is declining despite protection from harvest. We then conducted a Bayesian evaluation of MPA effects on fish and invertebrate populations based on data collected from 82 published studies on 264 no‐take MPAs worldwide, using the results of an earlier global meta‐analysis as priors. We considered the effects of calculating different summary metrics on these results, drawing on the theoretical insights from our population model as a comparative framework. We demonstrate that not all response ratio comparison types provide the same information: For example, outside–inside and BACI comparisons can fail to detect population decline within MPAs, whereas before–after comparisons likely detect that pattern. Considering these limitations, we nonetheless found that MPAs globally are producing positive outcomes, with on average greater biomass, density, and organism size within their boundaries than reference sites. However, only a small portion of studies (18 of 82) provided the temporal data necessary to determine that protection, on average, has led to increased abundance of populations within MPAs over time. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering the underlying system dynamics when assessing MPA effects. Assuming that large outside–inside or BACI response ratios always reflect large and net positive conservation effects may lead to misleading conclusions, we recommend that: (1) when assessing specific MPA effects, empirical findings be considered alongside theoretical knowledge relevant to that MPA system, and (2) management should respond to the local conditions and outcomes, rather than a blanket expectation for positive MPA effects.
Fertility and tillage intensity affect weed community diversity and functional structure in long‐term organic systems
Authors: Allen Jake , Menalled Uriel D. , Adeux Guillaume , Pelzer Christopher J. , Wayman Sandra , Jernigan Ashley B. , Cordeau Stéphane , DiTommaso Antonio , Ryan Matthew R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractKnowledge of how agricultural management interacts with weed seed banks and emergent weed communities is crucial for proactive weed management. Though studies have detailed how differences in disturbance and nutrient applications between organic and conventional herbicide‐based systems affect weed communities, few have focused on these same factors in contrasting organic systems. This study assessed the seed banks and emergent weed communities from the most recent crop rotation cycle (2017–2022) of a long‐term experiment, which compared four organic grain and forage cropping systems differing in nutrient inputs and soil disturbance. The high fertility (HF) system received high‐rate nutrient applications, low fertility (LF) received low‐rate applications, enhanced weed management (EWM) focused on weed control through frequent soil disturbance, and reduced tillage (RT) prioritized soil health with less intense or frequent soil disturbance. Soil samples for greenhouse germination assays were collected at the beginning (2017) and end (2022) of the rotation to explore how these four systems influenced seed bank dynamics over time. Weed community biomass was also sampled in each crop during this time. Treatment effects on weed abundance, taxonomic diversity, and community‐weighted means and functional dispersion of weed traits were analyzed with generalized mixed‐effect models. The RT system had the highest weed seed bank taxonomic diversity, and EWM had the lowest. RT and LF had higher functional dispersion of traits than HF in the seed bank. Weed seed bank communities in HF and RT were characterized by short, small‐seeded, and early germinating weed species. However, seed banks were also labile: Differences between systems in seed density and all other mean trait values were dependent on the crop, which preceded seed bank sampling. Likewise, differences among emergent weed communities in the four systems depended on an interaction between crop species and their planting year. Results suggest that resource availability and intensity of disturbance act as weed community assembly filters in organic cropping systems. Organic growers seeking to design systems that balance weed management and production goals can use relatively low soil disturbance and nutrient application to increase weed community taxonomic or functional diversity without necessarily increasing weed biomass or seed bank density.
Why animals construct helical burrows: Construction vs. post‐construction benefits
Authors: Doody J. Sean , Shukla Shivam , Hasiotis Stephen T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe extended phenotype of helical burrowing behavior in animals has evolved independently many times since the Cambrian explosion (~540 million years ago [MYA]). A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of helical burrowing in certain taxa, but no study has searched for a general explanation encompassing all taxa. We reviewed helical burrowing in both extant and extinct animals and from the trace fossil record and compiled 10 hypotheses for why animals construct helical burrows, including our own ideas. Of these, six are post‐construction hypotheses—benefits to the creator or offspring, realized after burrow construction—and four are construction hypotheses reflecting direct benefits to the creator during construction. We examine the fit of these hypotheses to a total of 21 extant taxa and ichnotaxa representing 59–184 possible species. Only two hypotheses, antipredator and biomechanical advantage, cannot be rejected for any species (possible in 100% of taxa), but six of the hypotheses cannot be rejected for most species (possible in 86%–100% of taxa): microclimate buffer, reduced falling sediment (soil), anticrowding, and vertical patch. Four of these six are construction hypotheses, raising the possibility that helical burrowing may have evolved without providing post‐construction benefits. Our analysis shows that increased drainage, deposit feeding, microbial farming, and offspring escape cannot explain helical burrowing behavior in the majority of taxa (5%–48%). Overall, the evidence does not support a general explanation for the evolution of helical burrowing in animals. The function and evolution of the helix as an extended phenotype seems to provide different advantages for different taxa in different environments under different physicochemical controls (some traces/tracemakers are discussed in more detail due to their association with body fossils and well‐constrained physicochemical parameters). Although direct tests of many of the hypotheses would be difficult, we nevertheless offer ways to test some of the hypotheses for selected taxa.
Productive foraging grounds enhance maternal condition and offspring quality in a capital breeding species
Authors: Fouda Leila , Negus Stuart R. B. , Lockley Emma C. , Fairweather Kirsten , Lopes Artur , Lopes Anice , Correia Sandra M. , Taxonera Albert , Schofield Gail , Eizaguirre Christophe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFeeding ecology is an essential component of an organism's life, but foraging comes with risks and energetic costs. Species in which populations exhibit more than one feeding strategy, such as sea turtles, are good systems for investigating how feeding ecology impacts life‐history traits, reproduction and carried over effects across generations. Here, we investigated how the feeding ecology of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting at the Cabo Verde archipelago correlates with reproductive outputs and offspring quality. We determined the feeding ecology of female turtles before and during the breeding season from stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen and correlated isotopic ratio with female and offspring traits. We found that female turtles feeding at higher trophic positions produced larger clutches. We also found that females with higher δ13C values, typical of productive foraging areas, had greater fat reserves, were less likely to be infected by leech parasites and produced heavier offspring. The offspring of infected mothers with higher δ13C values performed best in crawling and self‐righting trials than those of non‐infected mothers with higher δ13C values. This study shows adult female loggerheads that exploit productive areas build capital reserves that impact their reproductive success and multiple proxies for offspring quality. Overall, our findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between feeding ecology and reproductive success, and reveal the transgenerational carry‐over effects of both feeding ecology and health on offspring quality in sea turtles.
Body condition of stranded Razorbills and Atlantic Puffins in the Western Mediterranean
Authors: Trapletti‐Lanti Yada , Expósito‐Granados Mónica , López‐Martínez Sergio , Torres Miguel , Rivas Marga L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnnual mass migrations of seabirds between their breeding and wintering grounds are critical for ensuring their survival and reproductive success. It is essential to comprehend their physical condition in order to identify the causes of death and to facilitate conservation efforts. This study focuses on evaluating the age, body condition index, and metabolites in liver and muscle (triglycerides, glycerol, glycogen, cholesterol, lactate, and glucose) of stranded Razorbills (n = 84) and Atlantic puffins (n = 11). The study was conducted along the Andalusian coast of Spain during the winter season of 2022–2023. The study examined the body condition of stranded individuals and their metabolic state to determine potential factors that may have caused their deaths. The study found that the majority of stranded individuals were juveniles. Both species exhibited low levels of carbohydrate (glucose and glycogen) in their tissues and high levels of lactate in their muscles. These findings could suggest that the individuals had undergone prolonged, strenuous exercise, demanding energy on anaerobic pathways, which may have been associated with migration. The study highlights the significance of adhering to standardized protocols when assessing the body condition of stranded seabirds. Doing so can help to identify causes of death and facilitate conservation efforts. A proposed index for body condition, which incorporates biometric measurements and individual physical condition, provides a comprehensive means of understanding the health of these unique species. This study underscores the importance of further research into the conservation measures and recommendations for protecting seabird populations. It is critical to comprehend the contributing factors of mass mortality incidents to work towards safeguarding these species and preserving their vital migration patterns.