bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum but not exhaled breath condensate periostin level is increased in competitive athletes
Authors: Kurowski Marcin , Jurczyk Janusz , Jarzębska Marzanna , Wardzyńska Aleksandra , Krysztofiak Hubert , Kowalski Marek L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionPeriostin is a matricellular protein expressed by many tissues. Its release may be enhanced, among others, through mechanical stimulation of muscles and bones as well as by cytokines of allergic inflammation.ObjectivesOur aim was to assess periostin levels in serum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of professional athletes, asthmatics and healthy controls. We also sought to determine whether acute treadmill exercise influences serum and EBC periostin.MethodsStudy groups included 9 competitive swimmers, 10 mild‐to‐moderate asthmatics and 7 healthy controls. Athletes were assessed twice (in‐ and off‐training period) while asthmatics and controls in one time‐point. Data on demographics, allergy symptoms and exercise load were acquired through Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes (AQUA) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Serum and EBC were collected before and after treadmill exercise challenge.ResultsBaseline serum periostin in swimmers during training period was significantly higher (5‐ to 7‐fold) than in asthmatics (P = .01) and controls (P < .05). In EBC, lowest periostin levels were seen in athletes in‐training as compared with off‐training period (P < .01) and with asthmatics (P < .03). Acute bout of exercise did not induce significant changes neither in serum nor in EBC periostin in any group.ConclusionIncreased serum, but not EBC, periostin levels in competitive athletes are probably because of permanently increased exercise load leading to stimulation, injury and regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues. Periostin may be considered marker of long‐term exercise overload after confirmation in larger groups.
Pilot project: Physiologic responses to a high‐intensity active video game with COPD patients–Tools for home rehabilitation
Authors: Parent Andrée‐Anne , Gosselin‐Boucher Vincent , Houle‐Peloquin Marilyn , Poirier Claude , Comtois Alain‐Steve 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory condition that causes a significant deterioration of the quality of life. However, exercise can improve the quality of life for COPD patients and it is for this reason previous study observed the effects of active video games to increase exercise. Using motion capture devices with short bursts of exercise never been tried with COPD patients.ObjectivesThe objective was to observe the feasibility of using this device safely and easily with COPD patients.MethodsA total of 14 participants (8 men, 69 ± 6 years, 6 women, 74 ± 6 years), with a moderate to severe COPD diagnosis performed exercise games (Shape‐Up, Ubisoft, Mtl) adapted under supervision. Gaming sessions of 10‐15 min duration were composed of four games of about 1.5 min separated by rest.ResultsAverage and peak minute ventilation, and METs peak were, respectively: Stunt Run game (lifting knees on spot) 25.3 ± 6.8, 33.5 ± 8.2 L/min and 4.2 ± 1.5 METs; Arctic Punch game (punching targets): 23.1 ± 5.6, 31.8 ± 9.8 L/min and 3.7 ± 1.2 METs; To the Core game (core twist), 22.2 ± 7.3, 29.2 ± 9.9 L/min and 3.3 ± 1.1 METs; and Squat me to the Moon game (sitting to standing), 27.8 ± 6.7, 36.8 ± 11.1 L/min and 4.4 ± 1.1 METs.ConclusionKnowing the pleasure reported by the participants, the safety, and the ability to use it with assistance, it seems that the games could be a good tool in order for COPD patients to exercise at home. However, further investigation needs to be completed in order to observe the benefits in comparison to a traditional training program.
Coffee Landscapes: Specialty Coffee, Terroir, and Traceability in Costa Rica
Authors: Smith Julia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCoffee with the right traits can command impressive prices in the specialty coffee market. While much of the attention to terroir—the taste of place—in coffee has focused on region, the details of place matter too. For farmers, paying attention to the details of coffee landscapes is important to create the distinctive flavors prized in these markets. This article explores how farmers in the Tarrazú coffee region of Costa Rica use systems of traceability based on details of the landscape and the coffee that grows in it to create coffee that “tastes of something.” Instead of seeing traceability and terroir as different kinds of production with different logic, these farmers see traceability as a key piece of terroir‐based high‐value production.
Effect of prandial treatment timing adjustment, based on continuous glucose monitoring, in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with once‐daily basal insulin: A randomized, phase IV study
Authors: Ilany Jacob , Bhandari Hamad , Nabriski Dan , Toledano Yoel , Konvalina Noa , Cohen Ohad 
Published: January 2018

AimsTo evaluate the glycaemic control achieved by prandial once‐daily insulin glulisine injection timing adjustment, based on a continuous glucose monitoring sensor, in comparison to once‐daily insulin glulisine injection before breakfast in patients with type 2 diabetes who are uncontrolled with once‐daily basal insulin glargine.Materials and MethodsThis was a 24‐week open‐label, randomized, controlled, multicentre trial. At the end of an 8‐week period of basal insulin optimization, patients with HbA1c ≥ 7.5% and FPG < 130 mg/dL were randomized (1:1) to either arm A (no sensor) or arm B (sensor) to receive 16‐week intensified prandial glulisine treatment. Patients in arm A received pre‐breakfast glulisine, and patients in arm B received glulisine before the meal with the highest glucose elevation based on sensor data. The primary outcome was mean HbA1c at week 24 and secondary outcomes included rates of hypoglycaemic events and insulin dosage.ResultsA total of 121 patients were randomized to arm A (n = 61) or arm B (n = 60). There was no difference in mean HbA1c at week 24 between arms A and B (8.5% ± 1.2% vs 8.4% ± 1.0%; P = .66). The prandial insulin glulisine dosage for arm A and arm B was 9.3 and 10.1 units, respectively (P = .39). The frequency of hypoglycaemic events did not differ between study arms (36.1% vs 51.7%; P = .08).ConclusionUsing a CGM sensor to identify the meal with the highest glucose excursion and adjusting the timing of prandial insulin treatment did not show any advantage in terms of glycaemic control or safety in our patients.
Intramyocardial dissecting hematoma: Two case reports and a meta‐analysis of the literature
Authors: Leitman Marina , Tyomkin Vladimir , Sternik Leonid , Copel Laurian , Goitein Orly , Vered Zvi 
Published: January 2018

Until recently, diagnosis of intramyocardial dissecting hematoma (IDH) was performed during necropsy or at surgery. During the recent years, echocardiography has permitted clinical suspicion, which usually needed confirmation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we tried to define clinical and imaging features of IDH and predictors of mortality. We searched the literature for proven cases of IDH and analyzed them together with 2 of our cases. A total of 40 cases of IDH (2 our original and 38 literature cases) were included. Mean age was 60. In 32 cases, IDH was a complication of myocardial infarction (MI), in 66% anterior, a mean time from symptoms to diagnosis was 9 days. Thirty‐eight % underwent surgery. In‐hospital mortality was 23%. Multivariate analysis showed that the strongest independent predictor of mortality (42%) was EF < 35%; in patients with age >60, mortality risk was 44%; and in the presence of MI or late diagnosis (>24 hours since symptoms started), mortality risk was 50%. In summary, IDH is a diagnostic challenge. A high level of suspicion is needed for prompt diagnosis. Management of these patients is based on individual clinical and imaging parameters. Low EF, age > 60, and late diagnosis, all are predictors of in‐hospital mortality.
Monetary aggregates for Ireland, 1840–1921
Authors: Kenny Seán , Lennard Jason 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article constructs new monetary aggregates for Ireland between 1840 and 1921. Three major findings are gleaned from the data. First, we find that the degree of monetization on the eve of the Famine was comparatively high. Second, we find an unprecedented monetary contraction during the Famine. Third, in contrast to previous research, we find that the failure of the Munster Bank in 1885 had ramifications for confidence in, and the stability of, the banking system.
Late marriage as a contributor to the industrial revolution in England
Authors: Foreman‐Peck James , Zhou Peng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWas the European marriage pattern an important contributor to England's precocious economic development? This article examines this question by embedding the possibility in a historically substantiated demographic‐economic model, supported by both cross‐section and long time series evidence. Persistent high mortality and powerful mortality shocks in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries lowered life expectations. Subsequently increased life expectancy reduced the number of births necessary to achieve a given family size. Fewer births were achieved by a higher age at first marriage of females. Later marriage not only constrained population growth but also provided greater opportunities for female informal learning, especially through ‘service’. In a period when the family was the principal institution for socializing future workers, such learning was a significant contributor to the intergenerational transmission and accumulation of human capital. This article shows how, over the centuries, the gradual induced rise of human capital raised productivity and eventually brought about the industrial revolution. Without the contribution of late marriage to human capital accumulation broadly interpreted, real wages in England would not have increased strongly in the early nineteenth century and would have been much lower than actually achieved for several centuries.
C4 photosynthesis evolved in warm climates but promoted migration to cooler ones
Authors: Watcharamongkol Teera , Christin Pascal‐Antoine , Osborne Colin P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractC4 photosynthesis is considered an adaptation to warm climates, where its functional benefits are greatest and C4 plants achieve their highest diversity and dominance. However, whether inherent physiological barriers impede the persistence of C4 species in cool environments remains debated. Here, we use large grass phylogenetic and geographical distribution data sets to test whether (1) temperature influences the rate of C4 origins, (2) photosynthetic types affect the rate of migration among climatic zones, and (3) C4 evolution changes the breadth of the temperature niche. Our analyses show that C4 photosynthesis in grasses originated in tropical climates, and that C3 grasses were more likely to colonise cold climates. However, migration rates among tropical and temperate climates were higher in C4 grasses. Therefore, while the origins of C4 photosynthesis were concentrated in tropical climates, its physiological benefits across a broad temperature range expanded the niche into warmer climates and enabled diversification into cooler environments.
Factors affecting sequential sex allocation in the parasitoid wasp Gryon japonicum
Authors: Todoroki Yusuke , Numata Hideharu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFemale wasps of the solitary egg parasitoid Gryon japonicum (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) allocate male and female offspring in a particular sequence to successive hosts. Male eggs are typically laid in the second host, and the sex allocation sequence is reset after a certain period of time. The present study aimed to examine the underlying mechanism to hold information and reset the sequence by using eggs of Riptortus pedestris (Heteroptera: Alydidae) as hosts. After completion of initial oviposition, a female wasp was treated by cold anesthesia for 1 h, exposure to a parasitized host for 3 h, or being kept at 15°C in darkness for 24 h, and then presented with three host eggs. Cold‐anesthetized females did not reset the sex allocation sequence, indicating that cold anesthesia did not block the mechanism of holding information about oviposition order. Frequent encounters with parasitized hosts were also insufficient to reset the sequence. However, being kept in cool, dark conditions significantly affected resetting, suggesting that low temperature lengthened the time required to reset the sequence. This implies that it is probable that the mechanism to hold information and reset sex allocation sequence in G. japonicum involves metabolism.
Strong coupling between slow oscillations and wide fast ripples in children with epileptic spasms: Investigation of modulation index and occurrence rate
Authors: Iimura Yasushi , Jones Kevin , Takada Lynne , Shimizu Itsuki , Koyama Misaki , Hattori Kyoko , Okazawa Yushi , Nonoda Yutaka , Asano Eishi , Akiyama Tomoyuki , Go Cristina , Ochi Ayako , Snead O. Carter , Donner Elizabeth J. , Rutka James T. , Drake James M. , Otsubo Hiroshi 
Published: January 2018

SummaryObjectiveEpileptic spasms (ES) often become drug‐resistant. To reveal the electrophysiological difference between children withES(ES+) and withoutES(ES−), we compared the occurrence rate (OR) of high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) and the modulation index (MI) of coupling between slow and fast oscillations.InES+, we hypothesized that (1) pathologicalHFOs are more widely distributed and (2) slow oscillations show stronger coupling with pathologicalHFOs than inES−.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 24 children with drug‐resistant multilobar onset epilepsy, who underwent intracranial video electroencephalography prior to multilobar resections. We measured theORofHFOs and determined the electrodes with a high rate ofHFOs by cluster analysis. We calculatedMI, which reflects the degree of coupling betweenHFO(ripple/fast ripple [FR]) amplitude and 5 different frequency bands of delta and theta activities (0.5‐1 Hz, 1‐2 Hz, 2‐3 Hz, 3‐4 Hz, 4‐8 Hz).ResultsInES+ (n = 10), theOR(FRs), the number of electrodes with high‐rateFRs, and theMI(FRs & 3‐4 Hz)in all electrodes were significantly higher than inES− (n = 14). In both theES+ andES− groups,MI(ripples/FRs & 3‐4 Hz)was the highest among the 5 frequency bands. Within the good seizure outcome group, theOR(FRs)and theMI(FRs & 3‐4 Hz)in the resected area inES+ were significantly higher than inES− (OR[FRs],P= .04;MI[FRs & 3‐4 Hz],P= .04).SignificanceInES+, the larger number of high‐rateFRelectrodes indicates more widespread epileptogenicity than inES−. High values ofOR(FRs)andMI(FRs & 3‐4 Hz)inES+ compared toES− are a signature of the severity of epileptogenicity. We proved thatES+ children who achieved seizure freedom following multilobar resections exhibited strong coupling between slow oscillations andFRs.
Perioperative pain management in horses
Authors: McFadzean W. J. M. , Love E. J. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe inability to talk does not diminish an animal's ability to experience pain, although it may hinder its recognition and therefore lead to the under‐treatment of pain. Pain assessment and treatment in horses has advanced considerably with the recent publication of numerous research papers in this area. This review will summarise these research findings and suggest how advances in knowledge of perioperative pain management can be implemented in equine clinical practice.
Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems
Authors: Malecki Edward J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper reviews the literature, concepts, and operationalizations of the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Despite some interest at the national level, entrepreneurship is understood to take place in localities or, at most, regions, drawing on local resources, institutions, and networks. Bibliometric evidence shows that usage of the term entrepreneurial ecosystem has overtaken other concepts, such as environments for entrepreneurship, which also highlight the mechanisms, institutions, networks, and cultures that support entrepreneurs. This review addresses several specific topics: the choice of scale, universities as ecosystem hubs, and how such ecosystems evolve. This is followed by suggestions toward an agenda for future research, placing particular attention on methodologies.
Comparative analysis of the Hom family of outer membrane proteins in isolates from two geographically distinct regions: The United States and South Korea
Authors: Servetas Stephanie L. , Kim Aeryun , Su Hanfu , Cha Jeong‐Heon , Merrell D. Scott 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori encodes numerous outer membrane proteins (OMPs), but only a few have been characterized in depth. Deletion, duplication, and allelic variation of many of the H. pylori OMPs have been reported, which suggests that these proteins may play key roles in host adaptation. Herein, we characterize the variation observed within the Hom family of OMPs in H. pylori obtained from two geographically distinct populations.Materials and MethodsPCR genotyping of the hom genes was carried out using clinical isolates from South Korea and the United States. A combination of statistical, phylogenetic, and protein modeling analyses was conducted to further characterize the hom variants.ResultsVariations in the closely related hom genes, homA and homB, occur in regions that are predicted to encode environmentally exposed loops. A similar phenomenon is true for homCS as compared to homCL. Conversely, little variation was observed in homD. Certain variants of the Hom family of proteins were more prominent in isolates from the Korean population as compared to isolates from the United States.ConclusionEn masse, our data show that the homA, homB, and homC profiles vary based upon the geographic origin of the strain; however, the fourth member of the hom family, homD, is more highly conserved. Additionally, protein topology modeling showed that many of the less well‐conserved regions between homA and homB and between homCS and homCL corresponded to predicted environmentally exposed loops, suggesting that the divergence of the Hom family may be due to host adaptation/pressure.
Histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of Burkholderia pseudomallei lesions in an acute model of infection with BALB/c mice
Authors: García‐Jiménez Waldo Luis , Salguero Francisco J. , D'Elia Riccardo V. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryOrgan tissue damage is a key contributor to host morbidity and mortality following infection with microbial agents. Severe immune responses, excessive cellular recruitment and necrosis of cells all play a role in disease pathology. Understanding the pathogenesis of disease can aid in identifying potential new therapeutic targets or simply act as a diagnostic tool. Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram‐negative bacterium that can cause acute and chronic diseases. The BALB/c mouse has been shown to be highly susceptible to aerosol challenge with B. pseudomallei and hence acts as a good model to study the acute and potentially lethal form of the disease melioidosis. In our study, BALB/c mice were challenged and culled at predetermined time points to generate a pathological time course of infection. Lung, liver and spleen were subjected to pathological and immunohistochemical analysis. The number and type of microscopic lesions within each organ, as well as the location and the mean percentage of neutrophils, B cells, T cells and Burkholderia capsule antigen within the lesions, were all characterized during the time course. Neutrophils were determined as the key player in tissue pathology and generation of lesions, with B cells playing an insignificant role. This detailed pathological assessment increases our understanding of B. pseudomallei disease.
Comparison among the physical properties of calcium phosphate‐based bone substitutes of natural or synthetic origin
Authors: Maté Sánchez de Val José , Mazón Patricia , Piattelli Adriano , Calvo‐Guirado José , Mareque Bueno Javier , Granero Marín José , De Aza Piedad 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of variations of the physical properties in the integration process of biomaterials. The biomaterials examined included two commercial grafting materials: bovine bone substitute material (Hypro‐oss®, BioImplon GMbH, Gieben, Germany) and porcine bone substitute material (Osteobiol®, Tecnoss, Torino, Italy); and synthetic tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite (HA). Materials were first characterized, microstructure, composition of the graft, quantitative analyses, and X‐ray Spectroscopy (EDX) was determined. The microstructure of the both synthetic materials is very similar and different in comparison with organic‐derived materials. The four materials under study have a similar porosity divided between intra and interparticles porosity. Higher density was measured for the synthetized materials. The HA porcine has the lower due to the content of collagen in the material. All the materials have high porosity and high crystallinity; except Porcine, having a lower crystallinity due to the presence of collagen mixed with HA. Pore size was very similar for all the studied materials.
High‐performance infrared emissivity of micro‐arc oxidation coatings formed on titanium alloy for aerospace applications
Authors: Tang Hui , Tao Wei , Wang Hong , Song Yuanqiang , Jian Xian , Yin Liangjun , Wang Xin , Scarpa Fabrizio 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAerospace vehicles are subjected to high temperatures because of surrounding aerodynamic drag and the formation of large temperature gradients across the external structural parts of their airframe. To protect the vehicles, high‐infrared emissivity coatings that can radiate a large amount of heat into outer space are in demand. In this work, we describe the development and characterization of high emissivity ceramic coatings formed on a TC4 alloy surface by micro‐arc oxidation. We evaluate, in particular, the influence of NiSO4 concentration on current‐time response, the thickness, surface roughness, morphologies, bonding strength, and emissivity of these coatings. The results indicate that by increasing the NiSO4 concentration in electrolytes, the thickness and surface roughness of the coatings increase. The bonding strength becomes smaller with increasing concentration of NiSO4, but is still maintains a value higher 30 MPa. The coatings possess good thermal shock resistance after being subjected to severe thermal shocks for 50 cycles, and no peeling of the coating is observed. A higher concentration of NiSO4 in electrolytes also leads to an increasing percentage of the nickel components in the coating to form a NiO phase, which enhances the emissivity of the coatings in the wavelength range of 3‐8 μm.