bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF PERMEABLE VESSEL CLOSURE AND GELLING AGENT ON REDUCTION OF HYPERHYDRICITY IN IN VITRO CULTURE OF CARNATION
Authors: Winarto B. , Aziz M.A. , Rashid A.A. , Ismail M.R. 
Published: December 2016

Hyperhydricity, an abnormal morphological appearance and physiological<br />function, is an important problem in carnation tissue culture. The problem causes premature flowering, high occurrence of abnormal shoots, difficulty in transferring hyperhydric plantlets to soil, and low survival rate of plantlets. High relative humidity and the water potential are considered as the key factors involved in the abnormality. Furthermore, permeable culture vessel and gelling agent were assured to be high potential treatment to eliminate it. Objective of this research was to reduce hyperhydricity in regenerants of carnation using different permeable vessel closures and gelling agents and to assess the multiplication and acclimatization abilities of recovered shoots. Experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. First factor was different types of closure, i.e. cotton wool, plastic wrap, parafilm and aluminium foil, while second one was gelling agents, i.e. bacto agar, phytagel, swallow agar, and Type 900 agar. The recovered shoots were then multiplied, rooted, and acclimatized. The results showed that hyperhydricity was successfully reduced by applying permeable closure (cotton wool and plastic wrap) in combination with Type 900 agar. The combination of plastic wrap and Type 900 agar was the most appropriate treatment in reducing hyperhydricity and producing good quality shoots. The treatment reduced the problem down to 23% of total condition of hyperhydricity (100%) and increased leaf chlorophyll content from 0.0883 to 0.1288 mg mg-1. The plastic wrap was easily applied and cheaper material compared to cotton wool. The recovered shoots were able to produce 1-3 healthy axillary shoots and easily rooted on half-strength MS. The recovered plantlets were simply acclimatized with survival rate up to 100% on kossas peat + soil (1:1, v/v) and flowered 4-5 months after acclimatization with decreasing in number and size of flower.
THE ROLE OF POSTHARVEST MACHINERIES AND PACKAGING IN MINIMIZING AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PEANUT
Authors: Paramawati Raffi , Widodo Puji , Budiharti Uning , Handaka Handaka 
Published: December 2016

As a tropical country with relatively high humidity and temperature, Indonesia is struggling with aflatoxin which frequently contaminates peanut. Aflatoxin is a carcinogenic toxic substance that could cause liver cancer. Due to the increasing concern on food safety, the Indonesian Drugs and Foods Agency specifies the maximum aflatoxin allowed in peanut as much as 20 ppb. However, researches showed that aflatoxin contamination in peanut in Indonesia is much higher than the threshold. The study was carried out to observe the effect of using postharvest machineries and packaging treatments on aflatoxin contamination in peanut. Reduction of postharvest processes was conducted by using series of machineries, e.g. thresher, dryer, and sheller. Packaging treatments, e.g. vacuum plastic pack, hermetic glass chamber, and polyethylene (PE) plastic wrap were carried out during storage at ambient temperature (25-27°C). The results showed that using machineries in postharvest handling produced peanut free from aflatoxin contamination. However, without effective packaging, the aflatoxin level would increase during storage. Hermetic packaging could protect peanut from the mold as indicated by low level of aflatoxin contamination.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOMATIC EMBRYOS OF SAGO (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)
Authors: Kasi Pauline D. , Sumaryono Sumaryono 
Published: December 2016

Development of somatic embryos of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) on agar-solidified medium are highly varied producing heterogeneous seedlings. Understanding of this phenomenon may help in improving the cultural procedures and conditions of sago<br />somatic embryogenesis to obtain uniform seedlings in a large scale. This experiment was conducted at the laboratory for plant cell culture and micropropagation, Indonesian Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate Crops from January to March 2006 to examine morphological changes i.e. color and development stages of sago during their somatic embryo development on an agar-solidified medium. Twenty single globular somatic embryos of sago with specific color (yellowish, greenish, and reddish) were cultured in a Petri dish supplemented with a solid medium. The medium was a micronutrients-modified MS (MMS) with half strength of macronutrients containing 0.01 mg l-1 ABA, 2 mg l-1 kinetin, 20 g l-1 sucrose, 0.5 g l-1 activated charcoal, and 2 g l-1 gelrite. Parameter observed was the percentage of embryo’s number based on color and developmental stage. The result showed that at the end of 6-week culture passage, most originally greenish (80.8%) and reddish (95.8%) embryos remained unchanged in their colors, whereas almost half of the originally yellowish embryos turned to greenish and only 30%<br />remained yellowish. At the same time, single globular embryos have changed gradually into the next developmental stages, although not all of the embryos were germinated. The initial color of embryo affected the rate of the developmental stage changes. Yellowish and greenish globular embryos developed more rapidly into cotyledon or germinant stages at 58% and 55% respectively, in 6 weeks than the reddish ones (41%). Therefore, the yellowish and greenish embryos are the best sources of material for in vitro mass propagation and synthetic seed production of sago.
SOIL PROPERTIES OF THE ALLUVIAL PLAIN AND ITS POTENTIAL USE FOR AGRICULTURE IN DONGGALA REGION, CENTRAL SULAWESI
Authors: Al-Jabri M. 
Published: December 2016

Agricultural lands of Donggala region are extensively distributed in alluvial plain. However, information on soil properties and fertility constraints has not been known in detail. An investigation of soil resources was conducted in September 2003 and December 2004 to characterize surface soil properties of alluvial plain and to evaluate soil fertility constraints. For this study, 55 representative soil profiles consisting of 187 soil samples were selected for physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses. The soil profiles were classified as soil groups of Ustifluvents, Haplustepts, Eutrudepts, and Endoaquepts. All the soil physical and chemical data were calculated as weighted average based on top 30 cm soil layer analyses. The results showed that soil texture ranged from sandy loam to loam. In ustic moisture regime, the average pH was neutral (7.0-7.2), but in udic moisture regime it was slightly acid (5.5-6.2). In all soil groups, the organic carbon content was very low to low (0.58-1.44%), P retention was very low (3-18%), and soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) was very low to low (9-14 cmol(+) kg-1). In contrast, all the soil groups showed very high content of potential phosphate (81- 118 mg P2O5 100 g-1) and potassium (338-475 mg K2O 100 g-1), but the available phosphate and potassium were 16-47 mg kg-1 P and 0.18-0.35 cmol(+) kg-1, respectively, which were considered to be low to medium range. The very high P2O5 and K2O were probably derived from weathered mica-schist and granite rocks, but low exchangeable K was probably due to K fixation. The sand mineral fraction was composed of relatively high (&gt; 20%) weatherable minerals of acid parent materials, such as orthoclase and sanidine, while the clay mineral was composed of smectite and illite. The low soil-CEC, low organic matter, and exchangeable K contents were the main soil fertility constraints. Therefore, soil management should be directed to organic matter application to increase soil carbon content, CEC, and nutrient availability. Fertilizer recommendation for wetland rice and several upland crops is suggested based on the soil properties.
POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF ADULT MALES OF THE FRUIT FLY, Bactrocera tau Walker (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN PASSION FRUIT ORCHARDS IN RELATION TO ABIOTIC FACTORS AND SANITATION
Authors: Hasyim A. , Muryati Muryati , Kogel W.J. De 
Published: December 2016

Fruit fly (Bactrocera tau) is the most destructive pest on some fruits in Indonesia. Monitoring of the pest population is essential as one of the procedures in the IPM concept. The study aimed to investigate the seasonal fluctuation of adult males of B. tau and their damage on passion fruits in relation to abiotic factors. The research was done by a survey method on three plots of passion fruit orchards in Alahan Panjang, West Sumatra, Indonesia from March to December 2005. In plot 1 the farmer practiced sanitation by removing damaged fruits and weeds from the orchard. In the plots 2 and 3 no sanitation was practiced. Each plot was 1 ha in size. The parameters observed were density of adult male B. tau and climatic factors (rainfall per day, number of rainy days, and average day temperature). Empty mineral water bottle traps were used to catch adult males of B. tau. Each plot had 16 traps set up with cue lure as fruit fly attractant. Each trap was baited with 3 ml cue lure on a cotton wick (1 cm diameter). The cotton wick was rebaited at 2-week intervals. The traps were placed on host plants about 1.5 m above the ground. Trapped flies were collected every two weeks and counted. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis. The results revealed that the number of male B. tau<br />in three orchards showed a similar fluctuation during the study period with a major peak in July. The lower numbers of flies captured in plot 1 (with sanitation) compared to the two other plots (without sanitation) were consistent with a lower percentage of damaged fruits in the plot 1 compared to the other two. The percentage of damaged fruits gradually decreased over time to about 20% in plot 1 which is lower than that in the other two<br />plots (30-40%). The number of fruit flies captured with cue lure baited traps correlated positively with all three abiotic factors studied. The seasonal fluctuation of the fruit fly population and the damage to the fruits are necessary to be studied as a procedure<br />in IPM for controlling B. tau.
IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING OF A GENE FOR RICE SLENDER KERNEL USING Oryza glumaepatula INTROGRESSION LINES
Authors: Sobrizal Sobrizal , Yoshimura Atsushi 
Published: December 2016

<br />World demand for superior rice grain quality tends to increase. One of the criteria of appearance quality of rice grain is grain shape. Rice consumers exhibit wide preferences for grain shape, but most Indonesian rice consumers prefer long and slender grain. The objectives of this study were to identify and map a gene for rice slender kernel trait using Oryza glumaepatula introgression lines with O. sativa cv. Taichung 65 genetic background. A segregation analysis of BC4F2 population derived from backcrosses of a donor parent O. glumaepatula into a recurrent parent Taichung 65 showed that the slender kernel was controlled by a single recessive gene. This new identified gene was designated as sk1 (slender kernel 1). Moreover, based on the RFLP analyses using 14 RFLP markers located on chromosomes 2, 8, 9, and 10 in which the O. glumaepatula chromosomal segments were retained in BC4F2 population, the sk1 was located between RFLP markers C679 and C560 on the long arm of chromosome 2, with map distances of 2.8 and 1.5 cM, respectively. The wild rice O. glumaepatula carried a recessive allele for slender kernel. This allele may be useful in breeding of rice with slender kernel types. In addition, the development of plant materials and RFLP map associated with slender kernel in this study is the preliminary works in the effort to isolate this important grain shape gene.
Case History of Dehydration-Technology Improvement for HCPF Production in the Daqing Oil Field
Authors: Wang Zhihua , Lin Xinyu , Yu Tianyu , Hu Zhiwei , Xu Mengmeng , Yu Hongtao 
Published: December 2016

Summary
High-concentration polymer flooding (HCPF) is an enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) method that has been used since conventional polymer flooding was applied in the main reservoirs of the Daqing oil field because its higher viscoelasticity can improve the oil-displacement efficiency. However, as a result of more produced hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), the oil/water mixture is emulsified easily and separated with more difficulty.
In this work, a case history of dehydration technology for HCPF production in the Daqing oil field is reviewed, and a laboratory investigation to assess the emulsification behaviors of HCPF-produced emulsions is conducted. Besides the dehydration-mechanism description of a high-voltage pulsed electrical field, electrostatic-demulsification performance for produced liquid from HCPF production is improved, and the operation parameters are optimized. Recent actual acceptance of the optimization recommendations is presented, and the field-application results are also discussed. The results indicate that dehydration technology for the Daqing oil field has been innovated with the industrialization of the EOR process. Traditional methods of gravity or centrifugal settling are replaced; this upgraded freewater knockout (FWKO) has the functions of adsorption, wetting, collision and coalescence, and oil pretreating for HCPF production. Because it is dominated by periodic vibration as its main mechanism, the pulsed-direct-current (DC) electrostatic-demulsification technique has some advantages in overcoming the obstacles encountered by regular types of electrical-field dehydration processes at strong emulsification stability. Compared with previous dehydration processes having complex alternating-current (AC)/DC electrical fields, the process with a pulsed-DC electrical field shows a unique advantage in terms of emulsified water-separation efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection, lower labor intensity, and more-stable operation, and the dehydration performance meets the oil-treating standards.
As the surface-matching technology of EOR, this improvement in dehydration technology is significant for promoting the construction of an HCPF demonstration project and accelerating petroleum development and production efficiently.
The relationship between child maltreatment and exposure to traumatic events during later adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Schouwenaars Katie , Murphy Siobhan , Elklit Ask 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Objective
The present study investigated the relationship between different types of childhood maltreatment (emotional abuse, sexual abuse, multiple abuse types, and no abuse) and the occurrence of later traumatic events during later adolescence and young adulthood.

Method
Data were collected from a Danish national study conducted by The Danish National Centre for Social Research in 2008 and 2009. A sample of 4718 young adults who were 24 years old was randomly selected using the total birth cohort of children born in 1984. A structured interview was conducted during which participants were asked about a range of traumatic and abusive experiences.

Results
A response rate of 63% was achieved for a total sample size of 2980. Chi-squared analyses revealed significant relationships between all child maltreatment groups and direct exposure to 10 of the 13 traumatic events; there were also significant relationships between all child maltreatment groups and indirect exposure to 12 of the 13 traumatic events.

Conclusions
The results showed that childhood maltreatment was associated with increased risk of exposure to traumatic events, both directly and indirectly, during adolescence and young adulthood. The findings of this study suggest there is an increased risk of being exposed to both direct and indirect traumas during later adolescence and young adulthood after any form of child maltreatment.
Predicting Near‐Surface Moisture Content of Saline Soils from Near‐Infrared Reflectance Spectra with a Modified Gaussian Model
Authors: Zeng Wenzhi , Xu Chi , Huang Jiesheng , Wu Jingwei , Tuller Markus 
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas
Moisture estimates from near‐infrared reflectance are improved with a modified Gaussian model.
Artificial neural network simulations further improve moisture prediction accuracy.
The proposed method yields better results than standard reflectance moisture indices.
Near‐surface soil moisture is a spatially highly heterogeneous state variable that affects the hydrologic partitioning of precipitation, net ecosystem exchange, and land–atmosphere interactions. In concert with the rapid advancement of large‐scale hyperspectral remote sensing technology over the last decade, numerous methods relating reflectance to near‐surface soil moisture have been proposed. Although there is evidence that surface reflectance is conjointly controlled by moisture and salt content, little is known about the impact of soil salinity. To study the effects of soil salinity, near infrared to short‐wave infrared reflectance spectra were measured in a controlled laboratory environment for samples representing a wide range of salinity levels. A previously proposed surface moisture prediction method based on geometrical attributes of an inverted Gaussian (IG) function fitted to hyperspectral reflectance curves was revisited. Improvements were proposed by first modifying the geometrical attributes of the IG applied to predict near‐surface soil moisture and by concurrently considering multiple geometrical attributes of the IG function as input for trained artificial neural networks (ANNs). Although previously applied linear regression models that relate a single geometrical parameter to soil moisture failed to satisfactorily predict independently measured surface soil moisture, considerable improvements in prediction accuracy were achieved with both geometrical attribute modification and ANN simulations.
Вплив надмірної маси тіла та ожиріння на фертильність і виношування вагітності
Authors: Коrytko О.О. 
Published: December 2016

У лекції розглядається вплив ожиріння в жінок репродуктивного віку на загальносоматичні та репродуктивні проблеми, що призводить до зниження фертильності. У жінок з ожирінням порівняно з жінками з нормальною масою тіла знижена як частота настання спонтанних вагітностей, так і ефективність лікування безпліддя різними методами (стимуляція овуляції та ін.). Після настання вагітності в жінок з ожирінням підвищені ризики природжених аномалій плода, макросомії, мертвонародження, гестаційної гіпертензії, гестаційного цукрового діабету, передчасних пологів і низки інших ускладнень. Зниження маси тіла позитивно впливає на менструальну функцію, підвищує ймовірність зачаття і народження здорової дитини, зменшує ризик несприятливих результатів вагітності.
Субклінічний гіпертиреоз: діагностичні критерії і принципи лікування. Огляд вибраних глав керівництва Європейської тиреоїдної асоціації 2015 року «Diagnosis and treatment of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism»
Authors: Galitskaya V.V. 
Published: December 2016

Подано вибрані глави керівництва Європейської тиреоїдної асоціації 2015 року з діагностики і лікування ендогенного субклінічного гіпертиреозу. Оригінальний текст керівництва знаходиться у відкритому доступі на сайті https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4637513/
Морфометричні та біохімічні кластери метаболічного синдрому у пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом 2-го типу на різних стадіях діабетичної ретинопатії
Authors: Serdyuk V.N. , Іshchenko V.A. 
Published: December 2016

Мета дослідження: вивчити морфометричні і біохімічні кластери метаболічного синдрому (МС) у пацієнтів з цукровим діабетом (ЦД) 2-го типу на різних стадіях діабетичної ретинопатії (ДН). Матеріали і методи. Дослідження проведені у 83 пацієнтів (166 очей), розділених на дві групи. Результати. При дослідженні морфометричних і біохімічних кластерів МС у 59 пацієнтів з ЦД 2-го типу (середній вік — 58,20 ± 0,99 року, середня тривалість ЦД — 9,19 ± 0,16 року) на різних стадіях ДР за допомогою дисперсійного аналізу і закону біноміального розподілу показано, що ДР формується на тлі ожиріння у 83,4 % хворих (зі збільшенням окружності талії), артеріальної гіпертензії (АГ) — у 71,4 % хворих, гіперхолестеринемії — у 61,9 %, дисліпідемії — у 47,6 % хворих і гіпертригліцеридемії — у 52,3 %. Подальше прогресування ДР статистично значимо асоціюється з АГ, дисліпідемією на тлі андроїдного ожиріння, гіперхолестеринемії і гіпертригліцеридемії. Висновки. Пацієнти з ЦД 2-го типу на проліферативній стадії ДР перебувають у групі підвищеного ризику виникнення судинних подій, у тому числі і на очному дні, що необхідно враховувати при хірургічному, фізіотерапевтичному і медикаментозному лікуванні.
Епідеміологія та клініко-морфологічні особливості раку щитоподібної залози в осіб, які проживають у Вінницькій області
Authors: Palamarchuk A.V. , Vlasenko M.V. , Prudius P.G. , Kolomiets V.M. 
Published: December 2016

Актуальність. Рак щитоподібної залози (РЩЗ) є найбільш поширеною пухлиною ендокринних залоз. Проблема РЩЗ в Україні вийшла далеко за межі наслідків Чорнобильської катастрофи й характеризується зростанням захворюваності на цю патологію. Мета: вивчити захворюваність на РЩЗ у Він­ницькій області. Матеріали та методи. Прослідковано динаміку РЩЗ за останні 30 років (1986–2015 рр.) у жителів Вінницької області. Результати. Аналіз частоти РЩЗ за 30-річний період свідчить про постійний ріст цієї патології, особливо за останні 10 років. Захворюваність у дочорнобильський період перебувала в межах 1,0–1,2 випадку на 100 тис. населення, у перші 10 років після аварії вона виросла до 2,2–2,8 випадку на 100 тис. населення, у 2001–2005 рр. зросла до 4,4–5,5 випадку на 100 тис. населення, а в останні роки становила 9,9–11,3 випадку на 100 тис. населення. При порівнянні захворюваності в області з республіканськими даними виявлено, що показники в області більш високі, ніж загалом по Україні, але значно менші порівняно з регіонами, які найбільше постраждали внаслідок аварії на ЧАЕС (Київська область, м. Київ). По області спостерігається значне превалювання захворюваності жінок порівняно з показниками чоловічого населення. При аналізі динаміки захворюваності на РЩЗ у різних вікових групах статистично вірогідних розбіжностей не отримано. Висновки. Проведені дослідження структури захворюваності на РЩЗ серед жителів Вінницької області виявили значний ріст числа хворих серед дорослого населення. Рівень захворюваності в області перевищує республіканські показники й має тенденцію до збільшення, превалюють високодиференційовані форми, що мають малоагресивний перебіг, переважно в жінок, у солітарних вузлах, менших від 20 мм, що повинно викликати онконасторогу при виявленні цих хворих.