bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting readiness for discharge and perceived social support after childbirth
Authors: Yanıkkerem Emre , Esmeray Nicole , Karakuş Aslı , Üstgörül Sema , Baydar Özge , Göker Aslı 
Published: December 2017

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the factors affecting readiness for discharge and perceived social support after childbirth.BackgroundMany women still die during and following pregnancy and childbirth. Both early and late discharges are conflicting issues in the world. Evaluation of the readiness for discharge in terms of patient safety, satisfaction, physical, emotional, psychological and social aspects is important.DesignDescriptive and cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe study was carried out with 610 women in the early postpartum period at two hospitals in Turkey between October 2014–March 2015 using Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale–New Mother Form and Multidimensional Scale of perceived social support.ResultsThe mean scores for Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale–New Mother Form and Multidimensional Scale of perceived social support were found as 163.5 (SD: 34.1) and 64.2 (SD: 18.8), respectively. Women who were discharged from Merkezefendi Hospital, women who had one child or one pregnancy and women or baby who experienced complication during or after birth had lower scores on Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale–New Mother Form. Women who received information about the postpartum period had significantly higher scores on the total Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale–New Mother Form than women did not (165.5 ± 33.8 vs 151.1 ± 36.1). Personal status, knowledge and total score of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale–New Mother Form were significantly higher in women who were ready for discharge.ConclusionsFindings provide vital information that can inform nursing clinical practice, especially related to readiness for discharge protocols and developing strategies for women, who had low sociodemographic backgrounds, did not have any information about postpartum period and were not ready for discharge.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe mother and family face with postpartum difficulties on their own when early discharge takes place. Providing postpartum care services plays an important role for maternal–child health.
Benefit finding for Chinese family caregivers of community‐dwelling stroke survivors: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mei Yongxia , Wilson Susan , Lin Beilei , Li Yingshuang , Zhang Zhenxiang 
Published: December 2017

Aims and objectivesTo identify whether benefit finding is a mediator or moderator in the relationship between caregiver burden and psychological well‐being (anxiety and depression) in Chinese family caregivers of community‐dwelling stroke survivors.BackgroundFamily caregivers not only bear a heavy burden, a high level of anxiety and depression, but also experience benefit finding (positive effects result from stressful events). However, the relationships among benefit finding, caregiver burden and psychological well‐being in Chinese family caregivers are not well known.DesignThis study was a cross‐sectional correlational design.MethodsCaregivers (n = 145) of stroke survivors were recruited from two communities in Zhengzhou, China. Data were collected by face‐to‐face interviews with structured questionnaires, examining caregiver burden, benefit finding and psychological well‐being of caregivers. A hierarchical regression analysis explored whether caregiver burden and benefit finding were associated with anxiety and depression of caregivers. The moderator role of benefit finding was examined by testing the significance of the interaction between caregiver burden and benefit finding. A mediational model was used to test benefit finding as a mediator between caregiver burden and psychological well‐being of caregivers using process in spss 21.0.ResultsCaregiver burden and benefit finding were significantly associated with both anxiety and depression of caregivers. Benefit finding did not portray a moderating role, but portrayed the mediator role in the relationship between caregiver burden, anxiety and depression in caregivers.ConclusionThis study provides the preliminary evidence to nurses that intervention focus on benefit finding may help improve the psychological well‐being of caregivers.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study offers nurses rational for assessing caregiver's negative emotions and benefit finding. By targeting benefit finding, the nurse may guide caregivers in benefit identification and implement interventions to reduce anxiety, depression and caregiver burden.
Transmission of reduction‐oriented crafting among colleagues: A diary study on the moderating role of working conditions
Authors: Demerouti Evangelia , Peeters Maria C. W. 
Published: December 2017

Zooming into reduction‐oriented job crafting among employees, next to minimizing demands (i.e., making a job less strenuous), we introduced optimizing demands (i.e., simplifying the job and making work processes more efficient) and suggested that optimizing demands should be positively related to work engagement, whereas minimizing demands negatively related to work engagement. Moreover, we suggested that both forms of reduction‐oriented crafting can be transferred among colleagues, and this will particularly occur in jobs that are high on demands (workload and emotional demands), low on resources (autonomy), and when the colleagues have a high‐quality relationship. We examined these hypotheses among 65 dyads of employees who filled in a general questionnaire and a diary for three working days. Multilevel analyses supported the transmission of both job crafting dimensions among colleagues. Moreover, there is more transmission of minimizing demands among colleagues when workload and emotional demands are high and autonomy is low. Additionally, optimizing demands was transmitted among colleagues when autonomy was low and quality of relationship with colleague was high. Optimizing demands was positively related to work engagement, whereas minimizing demands was unrelated to work engagement. These findings imply that optimizing demands is a favourable behaviour and can be transmitted among colleagues under specific conditions.Practitioner pointsWorking smarter is related to higher work engagementEmployees model their colleague's proactive behaviourUnfavourable working conditions stimulate modelling behaviour of colleagues
Experiences of adults who as children lived with a parent experiencing mental illness in a small‐scale society : A Qualitative study
Authors: Dam K. , Joensen D. G. , Hall E. O. C. 
Published: December 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Children of parent with severe mental illness are often carrying a caring burden; they keep the illness in the family, are documented to be stigmatized, bullied and to take special attention to their mentally ill parent's health and well‐being.

Little is however known about these children's experiences when growing up in a small‐scale society.

What this study adds to existing knowledge?

Children's experiences of living with a parent with severe mental illness in the small‐scale society (Faroe Islands) are paradoxical, life is often unreasonable and evidently contradictory but anyway connected.

The results show that “everybody knows everybody” which refers to that, in the small‐scale society, it is difficult to be anonymous. The children were familiar with that people talked and had a prejudiced attitude; this resulted that the participants were constantly reminded of their mental ill parent's difference, and they were feeling less worthy than their pals.

Children of parents with severe mental illness in a small‐scale society need to support from the close family as well as mental healthcare professionals.

What are the implications for practice?

The study adds knowledge about the challenges that children of mental ill parents have to go through.

Dialogue among mental healthcare colleagues not only about caring for the sick parent but also about modes of caring for the children and the family at large would deepen the staff's knowing of the need for family‐centred care within mental health care.

AbstractIntroductionAn estimated 23% of children worldwide live with a parent experiencing mental illness. These children are exposed to emotional and psychosocial challenges. Little is known about these children when living in small‐scale societies.AimTo explore how adults, who as children lived with parents experiencing mental illness in a small‐scale society, recalled their childhood life.MethodIndividual interviews with 11 adults were analysed using content analysis.ResultsLiving as a child with a parent experiencing mental illness in a small‐scale society was described as “living in a paradox” which emerged from three categories: “intergenerational help and caring,” “barriers understanding parental illness” and “everybody knows everybody”. The children received little or no support from family members, nor from health and education professionals.DiscussionIn a small‐scale society, stigma surrounding mental illness is notable. Families often attempt to conceal mental illness from outsiders with negative or adverse effects on children.Implications for practiceMental healthcare professionals need to consider the needs of children who have parents experiencing mental illness. It is imperative for the well‐being of the patients’ children to support them in understanding what is happening, turn gossiping in a positive direction and address stigma in the communities.
Macroalgal spore dysfunction: ocean acidification delays and weakens adhesion
Authors: Guenther Rebecca , Miklasz Kevin , Carrington Emily , Martone Patrick T. 
Published: December 2017

Early life stages of marine organisms are predicted to be vulnerable to ocean acidification. For macroalgae, reproduction and population persistence rely on spores to settle, adhere and continue the algal life cycle, yet the effect of ocean acidification on this critical life stage has been largely overlooked. We explicitly tested the biomechanical impact of reduced pH on early spore adhesion. We developed a shear flume to examine the effect of reduced pH on spore attachment time and strength in two intertidal rhodophyte macroalgae, one calcified (Corallina vancouveriensis) and one noncalcified (Polyostea robusta). Reduced pH delayed spore attachment of both species by 40%–52% and weakened attachment strength in C. vancouveriensis, causing spores to dislodge at lower flow‐induced shear forces, but had no effect on the attachment strength of P. robusta. Results are consistent with our prediction that reduced pH disrupts proper curing and gel formation of spore adhesives (anionic polysaccharides and glycoproteins) via protonation and cation displacement, although experimental verification is needed. Our results demonstrate that ocean acidification negatively, and differentially, impacts spore adhesion in two macroalgae. If results hold in field conditions, reduced ocean pH has the potential to impact macroalgal communities via spore dysfunction, regardless of the physiological tolerance of mature thalli.
Comparative study of sequence aligners for detecting antibiotic resistance in bacterial metagenomes
Authors: McCall C. , Xagoraraki I. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We aim to compare the performance of Bowtie2, bwa-mem, blastn and blastx when aligning bacterial metagenomes against the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD). Simulated reads were used to evaluate the performance of each aligner under the following four performance criteria: correctly mapped, false positives, multi-reads and partials. The optimal alignment approach was applied to samples from two wastewater treatment plants to detect antibiotic resistance genes using next generation sequencing. blastn mapped with greater accuracy among the four sequence alignment approaches considered followed by Bowtie2. blastx generated the greatest number of false positives and multi-reads when aligned against the CARD. The performance of each alignment tool was also investigated using error-free reads. Although each aligner mapped a greater number of error-free reads as compared to Illumina-error reads, in general, the introduction of sequencing errors had little effect on alignment results when aligning against the CARD. Given each performance criteria, blastn was found to be the most favourable alignment tool and was therefore used to assess resistance genes in sewage samples. Beta-lactam and aminoglycoside were found to be the most abundant classes of antibiotic resistance genes in each sample.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are pollutants known to persist in wastewater treatment plants among other environments, thus methods for detecting these genes have become increasingly relevant. Next generation sequencing has brought about a host of sequence alignment tools that provide a comprehensive look into antimicrobial resistance in environmental samples. However, standardizing practices in ARG metagenomic studies is challenging since results produced from alignment tools can vary significantly. Our study provides sequence alignment results of synthetic, and authentic bacterial metagenomes mapped against an ARG database using multiple alignment tools, and the best practice for detecting ARGs in environmental samples.
High Efficacy of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus dasabuvir in hepatitis C genotypes 4 and 1–infected patients with severe chronic kidney disease
Authors: Sanai Faisal M. , Alghamdi Abdullah S. , Afghani Ahmad A. , Alswat Khalid , AlZanbagi Adnan , Alghamdi Mosfer N. , AlMousa Abdallah , Aseeri Mohammed , Assiri Abdullah M. , Babatin Mohamed A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsLimited data have shown high efficacy of co‐formulated ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir (OBV/PTV/r) in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT)‐4, and combined with dasabuvir (DSV) in GT1 patients, with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 4‐5 (<30 mL/min/1.73 m2). We assessed real‐world safety and efficacy of OBV/PTV/r ± DSV in GT1‐ and 4‐infected patients.MethodsIn this observational cohort (n = 67), we enrolled stages 4‐5 CKD treatment‐naïve or Peginterferon/RBV‐experienced GT4‐infected patients (n = 32) treated for 12‐24 weeks with OBV/PTV/r ± RBV, and plus DSV in GT1 patients (n = 35, including 3 with GT1/4 co‐infection). RBV was dosed by physician discretion between 200 mg weekly and 200 mg daily. Primary endpoints were SVR12, calculated on intention‐to‐treat (ITT) basis, and occurrence of serious adverse events.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort was 45.7 ± 12.7 years, 50.7% were females, 20.9% had cirrhosis, 35.8% were treatment‐experienced and 97% were on haemodialysis. Three patients (F4) received 24‐week treatment, 2 with GT4, and 1 with GT1a; and 19.4% were treated without RBV, including 9 GT1, and 4 GT4. Overall, 65 (97.1%) patients achieved SVR12, including 100% of those with a post‐treatment follow‐up (modified ITT analysis). Of the two patients without SVR12, one died from sepsis‐related complications and the other from a myocardial infarction 2 weeks after completing therapy. Grades 3‐4 anaemia occurred in 8.9%.ConclusionA 12‐week regimen of OBV/PTV/r ± DSV with or without RBV is highly effective with a favourable safety profile amongst GT4 and GT1 patients with CKD stages 4‐5. SVR12 rates were high regardless of patient characteristics.
Inpatient hospital burden of hepatitis C‐diagnosed patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: McDonald Scott A. , Innes Hamish A. , Aspinall Esther J. , Hayes Peter C. , Alavi Maryam , Valerio Heather , Goldberg David J. , Hutchinson Sharon J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsTo describe the burden on inpatient hospital resources over time from patients diagnosed with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and who have reached the decompensated stage of cirrhosis (DC), as existing estimates of hospital stay in these patients are limited.MethodsA retrospective longitudinal dataset was formed via record‐linkage between the national HCV diagnosis database and inpatient/daycase hospitalisation and death registers in Scotland. The study population consisted of HCV‐diagnosed patients with a first DC admission in 1996‐2013, with follow‐up available until 31 May 2014. We investigated and quantified the mean cumulative length of hospital stay, distributions over discharge diagnosis categories, and trends in admission rates.ResultsAmong our study population (n = 1543), we identified 10 179 admissions with any diagnosis post‐first DC admission. Between 1996 and 2013 there was a 16‐fold rise in annual total admissions (from 112 to 1791) and an 11‐fold rise in hospital stay (719‐8045). When restricting minimum possible follow‐up to 2 years, DC patients (n = 1312) had an overall admission rate of 7.3 per person‐year, and spent on average 43 days (26 days during first 6 months) in hospital; for all liver‐related, liver‐related other than HCC/DC, and non‐liver related only admissions, this was 39, 14, and 5 days respectively.ConclusionsHCV‐infected DC patients impose a considerable inpatient hospital burden, mostly from DC‐ and other liver‐related admissions, but also from admissions associated with non‐liver comorbidities. Estimates will be useful for monitoring the impact of prevention and treatment, and for computing the cost‐effectiveness of new therapies.
Review: Neurodegenerative processes in temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis: Clinical, pathological and neuroimaging evidence
Authors: Tai X. Y. , Bernhardt B. , Thom M. , Thompson P. , Baxendale S. , Koepp M. , Bernasconi N. 
Published: December 2017

Cognitive decline is increasingly described as a co‐morbidity of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment are not fully understood despite examining clinical factors, such as seizure frequency, and cellular mechanisms of excitotoxicity. We review the neuropsychometry evidence for progressive cognitive decline and examine the pathology and neuroimaging evidence supporting a neurodegenerative process in hippocampal sclerosis (HS)‐relatedTLE. Accelerated cognitive decline is described in groups of adultHS‐relatedTLEpatients. Large childhood studies show early onset of seizures result in poor development of verbal memory and a hindrance in achieving cognitive potential. We discussHSclassification according to different patterns of neuronal loss and correlation to post‐temporal lobectomy cognitive outcomes in refractoryTLEpatients. Factors such as lateralization ofHSpathology, neuronal density and subtype have correlated to cognitive outcomes with varying significance between different studies. Furthermore, alterations in neuronal maturity, regenerative capacity and aberrant connectivity appear to affect cognitive performance post‐operatively suggesting a complex multifactorial process. More recent studies have identified tau pathology being present inHS‐relatedTLEand correlated to post‐operative cognitive decline in some patients. A traumatic head injury‐related or novel tauopathy has been hypothesized as an underlying process. We discuss the value of prospective and cross‐sectional imaging in assessing cognition and review volumetric magnetic resonance studies with progressive ipsilateral hippocampal atrophy identified to correlate with seizure frequency. Finally, we consider the use of positron emission tomography biomarkers, such as tau tracers, and connectivity studies that may examinein vivopathways and further explore cognitive decline inTLE.
A massive ganglion cell tumor with unusual localization and favorable outcome
Authors: Afrantou Theodora , Natsis Konstantinos S. , Kyriazis Odyssefs , Ioannidis Panagiotis , Grigoriadis Nikolaos 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGangliocytomas are neoplasms of the central nervous system which are deriving from mature neuron cells. In the following case, we present the clinical, neuroimaging, and histopathological findings of a massive ganglion cell tumor involving the left cerebellar hemisphere with extension throughout the whole brainstem, including midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
Light and growth form interact to shape stomatal ratio among British angiosperms
Authors: Muir Christopher D. 
Published: December 2017

Summary

In most plants, stomata are located only on the abaxial leaf surface (hypostomy), but many plants have stomata on both surfaces (amphistomy). High light and herbaceous growth form have been hypothesized to favor amphistomy, but these hypotheses have not been rigorously tested together using phylogenetic comparative methods.

I leveraged a large dataset including stomatal ratio, Ellenberg light indicator value, growth form and phylogenetic relationships for 372 species of British angiosperms. I used phylogenetic comparative methods to test how light and/or growth form influence stomatal ratio and density.

High light and herbaceous growth form are correlated with amphistomy, as predicted, but they also interact; the effect of light is pronounced in therophytes (annuals) and perennial herbs, but muted in phanerophytes (shrubs and trees). Furthermore, amphistomy and stomatal density evolve together in response to light.

Comparative analyses of British angiosperms reveal two major insights. First, light and growth form interact to shape stomatal ratio; amphistomy is common under high light, but mostly for herbs. Second, coordinated evolution of adaxial stomatal density and light tolerance indicates that amphistomy helps to optimally balance light acquisition with gas exchange. Stomatal ratio may have potential as a functional trait for paleoecology and crop improvement.
Arabidopsis ACYL‐COA‐BINDING PROTEIN1 interacts with STEROL C4‐METHYL OXIDASE1‐2 to modulate gene expression of homeodomain‐leucine zipper IV transcription factors
Authors: Lung Shiu‐Cheung , Liao Pan , Yeung Edward C. , Hsiao An‐Shan , Xue Yan , Chye Mee‐Len 
Published: December 2017

Summary

Fatty acids (FAs) and sterols constitute building blocks of eukaryotic membranes and lipid signals. Co‐regulation of FA and sterol synthesis is mediated by sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins in animals but remains elusive in plants. We reported recently that Arabidopsis ACYL‐COA‐BINDING PROTEIN1 (ACBP1) modulates sterol synthesis via protein–protein interaction with STEROL C4‐METHYL OXIDASE1‐1 (SMO1‐1).

Herein, ACBP1 was demonstrated to co‐express and interact with SMO1‐2 by yeast two‐hybrid, co‐localization, pull‐down, co‐immunoprecipitation and β‐glucuronidase assays. SMO1‐2 silenced in acbp1 was used in phenotyping, GC‐MS and expression profiling.

ACBP1 co‐expressed with SMO1‐2 in embryo sacs, pollen and trichomes, corroborating with cooperative tissue‐specific functions unseen with SMO1‐1. SMO1‐2 silencing in acbp1 impaired seed development, male and female gamete transmission, and pollen function. Genes encoding homeodomain‐leucine zipper IV transcription factors (HDG5, HDG10, HDG11 and GLABRA2), which potentially bind phospholipids/sterols, were transcribed aberrantly. GLABRA2 targets (MYB23, MUM4 and PLDα1) were misregulated, causing glabra2‐resembling trichome, seed coat mucilage and oil‐accumulating phenotypes.

Together with altered sterol and FA compositions upon ACBP1 mutation and/or SMO1‐2 silencing, ACBP1–SMO1 interaction appears to mediate homeostatic co‐regulation of FAs and sterols, which serve as lipid modulators for gene expression of homeodomain‐leucine zipper IV transcription factors.