bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION ON CORN USED BY FEED MILLS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Tangendjaja Budi , Rachmawati Sri , Wina Elizabeth 
Published: December 2016

Mycotoxins which are secondary metabolites of fungi contaminate agricultural products such as corn and have deleterious effects on human and animal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mycotoxin contamination on local and imported corn samples collected from different feed mills in Indonesia. Three hundred fifty six of corn samples (0.50 kg each) were sent by several feed mills to the Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production during 2005-2006. The background information accompanied with each sample was country/province of origins, harvesting seasons, postharvest drying methods, moisture levels, grades, and varieties. The samples were analyzed for various mycotoxins, i.e aflatoxin (AFL), ochratoxin (OCRA), zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisin (FUM), deoxynivalenol (DON), and T2 toxin using commercial kits, except for AFL which was analysed using a kit developed by the Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science. The results showed that average AFL level in the contaminated corn originated from Indonesia was 59 µg kg-1, almost 7 times higher than that imported from the USA or Argentina. Among the types of mycotoxins detected, FUM was the highest with an average of 1193 µg kg-1, followed by DON, ZEN and OCRA at level of 324, 22 and 2 µg kg-1, respectively. Mycotoxin levels in the contaminated local corn samples varied depending on the province of origins as well as harvesting seasons, postharvest drying methods, and moisture contents. The least mycotoxin contaminations were found on corn originated from North<br />Sumatra and Lampung with the AFL levels were &lt; 20 and &lt; 50 µg kg-1, respectively, lower than those from East Java, Central Java and South Sulawesi (64-87 µg kg-1). Mycotoxin levels, however, were less affected by grading made by feed mills and corn varieties. It is indicated that AFL was the most important mycotoxin as far as for animal feeding concerned, as it contaminated almost 50% of local corn with the level of contamination above the Indonesian National Standard, i.e. 50 µg kg-1. The study suggests that postharvest methods of local corn must be improved to reduce mycotoxin contamination.
DIVA strategy in the eradication of foot-and-mouth disease
Authors: Niedbalski Wiesław , Fitzner Andrzej 
Published: December 2016

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), in contrast to the antigen used for the production of FMD vaccine, can replicate in animals. As a result of infection the specific antibody to the viral structural proteins (SPs) and non-structural proteins (NSPs) of FMDV are synthesized. The laboratory diagnostic methods based on individual NSPs, e.g. 3D, 2C and 2B, as well as polypeptides, such as 3AB and 3ABC can be used for differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA).	This article presents the aim, principle, methods and results of applying DIVA strategy in the eradication of foot-and-mouth disease. The marker vaccines which enable differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals and appropriate ELISA serological tests for detection of antibodies to the NSPs of FMDV have been described. DIVA strategy makes it possible to reduce the economic losses and restore possibilities of international trade in animals and animal products. This strategy may be an alternative of the administrative “stamping-out” eradication method.	The essential aim of DIVA strategy is realization of the so-called “vaccinate-to-live” policy, which is based on the principle that vaccinated animals exposed to FMDV will not transmit the virus. These animals are not epidemiologically risky, and therefore do not have to be eliminated. It is necessary to develop new vaccines and improve those already used as well as the application of reliable diagnostic tests to detect FMDV in vaccinated livestock populations.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA BUDIDAYA IKAN AIR TAWAR DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: Yuwani Siti Hariati , Irham Irham , Jamhari Jamhari 
Published: December 2016

The aims of this research are (1) determine the feasibility, (2) estimate the contribution of fisheries to the household income and (3) formulate business development strategies for seeding and enlargement of the tilapia catfish and carp comoditiesy Sleman regency.Purposive sampling was used and the following locatios District Ngemplak, Moyudan, and Minggir. Data collection was perfomed proptionally interviewing 15 farmers in hatchery operations and enlargement of catfish, tilapia, and carp. The feasibility analysis tools used was the analysis of costs and revenues, financial analysis that includes the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit Cost (Net B/C), Payback Period (PP), and Break Event Point (BEP). Descriptive analysis was used for contributions to household income. The formulation of the strategy was carried out by the SWOT matrix analysis.The feasibility analysis result are NPV hatchery of catfish Rp. 193.091.118, NPV enlargement of catfish Rp 17.943.762, NPV hatchery of tilapia Rp 60.162.636, NPV of enlargement of tilapia Rp 31.850.378, NPV hatchery of carp Rp 44.981.614, and NPV enlargement of carp Rp 39.507.351. IRR hatchery of catfish 66%. IRR enlargement of catfish 29%. IRR hatchery of tilapia 63% IRR enlargement of tilapia 77%, IRR hatchery of carp 33% and IRR enlargement of carp 52%. Net B/C hatchery of catfish 1,57, Net B/C enlargement of catfish 1,08, Net B/C hatchery of tilapia 1,48, Net B/C enlargement of tilapia 1,65, Net B/C hatchery of carp 1,09 and Net B/C enlargement of carp 1,63. The payback period below 3 years. Fish farming contributes to the monthly family income at 48,87% and is above the minimum regional wages in Sleman. Thus the cultivation of freshwater fish in Sleman is feasible because it is profitable and can incease the family income. Aquaculture business development strategies can be applied based on the SWOT matrix and the feasibility result that include innovation, taking advantage of the simplicity of production and infrastructure factors that support freshwater fish farming and increasing the role of entrepeneurs and the stakholders through the development if technology and information.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN NELAYAN BAGAN PERAHU DI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SELAYAR MASMULYADI
Authors: Masmulyadi Masmulyadi , Widodo Sri 
Published: December 2016

This study aim to know level of income and business profit of lift nets boat and the factors that affect the income of fisherman’s boat lift nets in Selayar District. The hypothesis is (1) fisherman’s boat lift nes is business profitable, (2) estimated operating revenues of boat lift fisherman affected by the intensity factor to sea fishing intensity, family dependent age, education, business experience, hauling and capital.This research uses descriptive analytical method. The sample used in this study is the fisherman who use fishing gear fisherman’s light fishing boat of 30 who simple random. The analysis used is farm management analysis and regression analysis.The result showed that the fishing affect by fishermen’s using the boat in one period light fishing arrest financially beneficial to the averagevincome of Rp 9.817.139 and the value of the RC ratio was 1,32. While the factors influencing income is the intensity of fishing bots at sea fishing intensity, family dependent, age, education, business experience, hauling and capital.
PENETAPAN TINDAK PIDANA SEBAGAI KEJAHATAN DAN PELANGGARAN DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG PIDANA KHUSUS
Authors: Supriyadi S 
Published: December 2016

Determination of criminal act as crime and violation in special criminal laws have juridical implications of material and formal juridical. Material juridical implications of the establishment of criminal offenses as crimes and violation in special criminal laws outside the Penal Code deals with the problem of “national
principle active”, “trials of crime”, “criminal acts of assistance”, “concursus”, “prosecution expired”, and “shelf implementation of the criminal”. While the formal juridical implications of the establishment of criminal offenses as crimes and violations in the special criminal laws outside the Penal Code relating to
arrest and detention issues set out in the Code of Criminal Procedure.

Penetapan tindak pidana sebagai kejahatan dan pelanggaran dalam undang-undang pidana khusus memiliki implikasi yuridis materiil dan yuridis formal. Penetapan kualifikasi yuridis tindak pidana sebagai kejahatan dan pelanggaran ini diperlukan untuk “menjembatani” berlakunya aturan umum KUHP dan KUHAP
terhadap hal-hal yang tidak diatur dalam undang-undang pidana khusus. Implikasi yuridis materiil dari penetapan tindak pidana sebagai kejahatan dan pelanggaran berkaitan dengan masalah “asas nasional aktif”, “percobaan tindak pidana”, “pembantuan tindak pidana”, “perbarengan tindak pidana”, “daluwarsa penuntutan”, dan “daluwarsa pelaksanaan pidana”. Implikasi yuridis formal dari penetapan tindak pidana sebagai kejahatan dan pelanggaran berkaitan dengan masalah penangkapan dan penahanan dalam KUHAP.
ANALISIS YURIDIS PERAN PROFESI PEKERJA SOSIAL DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2012
Authors: Setiawan Hari Harjanto , Sunusi Makmur 
Published: December 2016

Act Number 11 of 2012 involving social work profession in dealing with children in conflict with the law (ABH). This paper will discuss the role of social worker as professional that will work closely with legal professional. Clarity of roles is expected to avoid collisions with each other due to the jobs involved have some similar roles and functions. Public prosecutor, community worker and social worker are expected to work in harmony in performing their duties. Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 melibatkan profesi pekerjaan sosial dalam menangani Anak yang Berkonflik dengan Hukum (ABH). Tulisan ini akan membahas peranan pekerja sosial sebagai sebuah profesi yang akan bekerja sama dengan profesi hukum. Kejelasan peranan ini diharapkan tidak terjadi benturan satu sama lain karena profesi yang terlibat mempunyai peran dan fungsi masing-masing. Jaksa, pendamping kemasyarakatan dan pekerja sosial diharapkan dapat berjalan harmonis dalam melakukan tugasnya.
PELAKSANAAN REHABILITASI BAGI PECANDU NARKOTIKA PASCA BERLAKUNYA PERATURAN BERSAMA 7 (TUJUH) LEMBAGA NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA
Authors: Krisnawati Dani , Utami Niken Subekti Budi 
Published: December 2016

This study is a normative-empirical research that use secondary and primary data. In the case of a voluntary reporting to the Sleman Police Precinct investigator by the drug addicts, the case will be coordinated tothe medical and/or social rehabilitation agency, in this case is PSPP. However, after the implementationof Joint Regulation, no drug addicts voluntarily reported themselves. Whenever the suspects of thedrug addiction that were caught, the Sleman Police Precinct investigator which is the element of lawenforcement team beside the Sleman Narcotics National Agency, Sleman District Attorney, and RegionalOffice of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights Yogyakarta Province, coordinate themselves as a part ofa joint assessment team, including with the Bhayangkara Hospital and Grhasia Hospital which serve asthe medical doctor team. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif empiris yang mengolah data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindakan penyidik pasca berlakunya Peraturan Bersama terhadap pecanduyang secara sukarela melaporkan diri ke penyidik Polres Sleman, akan dikoordinasikan ke lembaga medisdan/atau sosial, dalam hal ini Panti Sosial Pamardi Putra. Meskipun pasca berlakunya Peraturan Bersamabelum ada pecandu yang secara sukarela melaporkan diri, sedangkan bagi tersangka pecandu narkotikayang ditangkap, penyidik Polres Sleman saling berkoordinasi dengan tim hukum yang lain sebagai bagiandari tim assessment terpadu dan tim dokter dari Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara dan Rumah Sakit Grhasia yangmerupakan bagian dari tim dokter.
TERRORISM AND THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION UNDER THE ROME STATUTE
Authors: Muhammadin Fajri Matahati 
Published: December 2016

Terrorism seems to be accepted as a grave act of international concern, but has not yet been accommodated explicitly in the International Criminal Court (ICC). This article explores the prospect of including terrorism under the crime of aggression in cases transcending boundaries, by examining whether terrorism can fit into its’ elements. While terrorism can be conducted by state and non-state actors, it will be shown that it is possible for states committing terrorism to have their officials prosecuted for the crime of aggression. For the more infamous terrorism by non-state actors, however, do not seem to satisfy the required elements. Terorisme sudah diterima sebagai kejahatan yang menjadi perhatian internasional, tetapi belum diakomodasi secara eksplisit dalam hukum pidana internasional melalui Mahkamah Pidana Internasional (ICC). Artikel ini akan mengamati kemungkinan memasukkan terorisme dalam tindak pidana agresi, terutama dalam kasus terorisme yang melampaui batas-batas Negara. Artikel ini akan mengamati konsep tindak pidana agresi dalam Statuta Roma, dan melihat apakah terorisme dapat memenuhi unsur-unsurnya. Ternyata walaupun terorisme oleh actor non-negara lebih terkenal, tapi konsep terorisme dapat memuat terorisme oleh Negara juga. Akan dijelaskan bagaimana kejahatan agresi bisa jadi dikenakan pada terorisme oleh Negara, tetapi justru tidak pada terorisme oleh aktor non-negara.
THE STATUS OF MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY OWNERSHIP IN MIXED MARRIAGES
Authors: Judiasih Sonny Dewi 
Published: December 2016

Many Indonesians have committed themselves into a mixed marriage, both in Indonesia and outside the country. Mixed marriage would mean that there are differing nationalities who abide under two different state laws and as consequence of this, issues of private international law in joint property would emerge. On the status of ownership on immovable assets such as land, the nationality principle must be paid attention to, because according to Indonesian law, only Indonesian citizens may have access to Land Ownership Rights. Thus, in mixed marriages, foreign spouses (husband or wife) may not have land ownership rights. Masyarakat Indonesia banyak yang melakukan perkawinan campuran, baik yang dilakukan di Indonesia maupun di luar negeri. Pelaksanaan perkawinan campuran menyebabkan adanya perbedaan kewarganegaraan dimana mereka tunduk pada sistem hukum yang berlainan sehingga melahirkan masalah hukum perdata internasional dalam pengaturan harta bersama. Mengenai status kepemilikan atas benda tidak bergerak seperti tanah, terdapat asas nasionalitas yang harus diperhatikan, yaitu hanya WNI saja yang boleh mempunyai Hak Milik Atas Tanah. Oleh karena itu, dalam perkawinan campuran, suami atau istri yang berkewarganegaraan asing tidak boleh mempunyai hak milik atas tanah.
CRITICIZE THE USE OF ANALOGY PROHIBITION IN CRIMINAL LAW
Authors: Mursyid Ali Masyhar 
Published: December 2016

The analogy becomes an absolute thing that is not permitted under the Indonesia criminal law. However, in the moving and changing society, written criminal laws are not always able to accommodate all the crime that happened. The prohibition of analogy it is not in line with Islamic law, “qiyas”, which no other is the analogy. Analogy should be accepted as part of a form of interpretation that has been known in the criminal law. Ban the use of analogy also confirmed in the draft Criminal Code. However, reading the ban of analogy must be done carefully. Analogi menjadi satu hal mutlak yang tidak diperkenankan dalam hukum pidana. Namun demikian di tengah perkembangan masyarakat yang bergerak dan senantiasa berubah, perundang-undangan pidana tertulis tidak selamanya mampu menampung seluruh tindak pidana yang terjadi. Doktrin hukum pidana yang melarang analogi ini justru tidak sejalan dengan konsep hukum Islam yang mengenal qiyas, yang tiada lain adalah analogi. Seyogyanya analogi bisa diterima sebagai bagian dari bentuk penafsiran yang selama ini telah dikenal dalam hukum pidana. Larangan penggunaan analogi juga ditegaskan (kembali) dalam Rancangan KUHP. Namun demikian perlu kehati-hatian dalam membaca larangan analogi dalam Rancangan KUHP ini.
MONOPOLY PROHIBITION ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC LAW: A LAW AND ECONOMICS APPROACH
Authors: Johan Arvie 
Published: December 2016

Islamic law prohibits monopoly. The issue had arose since the advent of Islam, whereby it’s used as a strategy to maximize profit, has experienced rapid developments. This article assess the extent of Islamic law in prohibiting monopoly using law and economics approach. The result is that the exercise of caution shall apply in prohibiting monopoly. There are three steps needed in exercising the rule of caution: (1) defining monopoly as the absence of competition and lack of pricing options; (2) providing criteria of what causes monopoly in form of agreements between business competitors who can go against allocative efficiency effectively; and (3) direct the prohibition on monopoly towards agreement on explicit horizontal mergers and very large horizontal mergers which disregards quick mergers. Hukum Islam melarang monopoli. Isunya adalah sejak kedatangan Islam strategi pelaku usaha untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan telah berkembang pesat. Tulisan ini menentukan jangkauan hukum Islam untuk melarang monopoli dengan pendekatan hukum dan ekonomi. Hasilnya kehati-hatian dalam melarang monopoli. Tulisan menguraikan tiga langkah yang dibutuhkan: (1) memaknai monopoli sebagai ketidakhadiran persaingan dan ketiadaan pilihan harga; (2) memberikan kriteria monopoli berupa kesepakatan antar pelaku usaha pesaing yang mampu melawan efisiensi alokasi secara efektif; dan (3) mengarahkan larangan monopoli pada perjanjian horisontal eksplisit dan penggabungan berukuran besar.
FOREIGNERS LAND RIGHTS REGULATIONS: INDONESIA’S PRACTICE
Authors: Afriansyah Arie 
Published: December 2016

The issue of the sales of Indonesian Islands to non-Indonesian Citizen has seized the attention of Indonesian people nationally. It is thought that such sales will affects the sovereignty of Indonesia’s territory. This article will focus on two main issues, namely how the rule of law regulates acquisition and management of areas that go to the sovereignty of a country and how or what the main problems faced by Indonesia in maintaining the territorial integrity of the Republic of Indonesia, especially the business of selling some islands to non-Indonesian citizens. Isu penjualan beberapa pulau di Indonesia kepada warga Negara asing telah menyita perhatian masyarakat Indonesia secara nasional. Diperkirakan bahwa penjualan tersebut akan mempengaruhi kedaulatan wilayah Indonesia. Artikel ini akan fokus pada dua isu utama, yaitu bagaimana aturan hukum mengatur dalam hal perolehan dan pengelolaan kawasan yang masuk dalam kedaulatan suatu negara dan bagaimana atau apa masalah utama yang dihadapi oleh Indonesia dalam menjaga keutuhan wilayah Republik Indonesia, khususnya bisnis penjualan beberapa pulau kepada pihak asing.
KAJIAN HUKUM KETENAGAKERJAAN TERHADAP PERATURAN MENTERI TENAGA KERJA DAN TRANSMIGRASI NOMOR 19 TAHUN 2012
Authors: Darma Susilo Andi 
Published: December 2016

Constitutional Court Decision 27/PUU-XI/2011 followed up by the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration No. 19 of 2012 is still causing problems. Therefore, this article discussed the outsourcing arrangement after the enactment of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration No. 19 of 2012. The result of this paper was outsourcing arrangement according to the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration No.19 of 2012 was not yet right. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 27/PUU-XI/2011 yang ditindaklanjuti oleh Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi No. 19 Tahun 2012 masih menimbulkan permasalahan. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini membahas mengenai pengaturan outsourcingsetelah ditetapkannya Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi No. 19 Tahun 2012. Hasil dari tulisan ini adalah pengaturan outsourcingmenurut peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan dan Transmigrasi No. 19 Tahun 2012 masih belumlah tepat.
INFORMED CONSENTATAS TINDAKAN KEDOKTERAN DI RUMAH SAKIT GRHASIA PAKEM YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Darmini Ninik , Widyaningtyas Rizky Septiana 
Published: December 2016

A written informed consent has been given for all medical acts in Ghrasia Hospital. This to be observed such as the juridical force of informed consent which is given at the beginning of the medical treatment, and the legal protection to Ghrasia Hospital Pakem Yogyakarta related to informed consent which is given at the beginning of the medical treatment. This research shows that the informed consent was valid only for medical acts performed as an initial treatment. Moreover, the hospital must tell the family about the medical treatment that has been done. Sebuahinformed consenttertulis diberikan untuk seluruh tindakan kedokteran di Rumah Sakit Ghrasia, menimbulkan dua hal yang perlu diteliti, yaitu: kekuatan yuridis informed consentyang diberikan pada saat permulaan pasien penderita gangguan jiwa akan menjalani perawatan pada Rumah Sakit Grhasia Pakem Yogyakarta dan perlindungan hukum terhadap Rumah Sakit Grhasia Pakem Yogyakarta berkaitan dengan diberikannya informed consentpada saat permulaan pasien penderita gangguan jiwa akan menjalani perawatan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa: Pertama, informed consenthanya sah untuk tindakan kedokteran yang dilakukan sebagai penanganan awal pasien. Kedua, rumah sakit wajib segera memberitahukan kepada keluarga atas tindakan kedokteran yang telah dilakukan.
MLA IN CRIMINAL MATTERS AS ASSET RECOVERY’S TOOL
Authors: Sobari Ahmad 
Published: December 2016

Indonesia has the Act No. 1 of 2006 Concerning Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters, and has ratified Treaty on MLA in Criminal Matters (ASEAN Treaty) with Act No. 15 of 2008, the act mandated to Ministry of Justice and Human Rights as the Central Authority. Modus operandi and crime increasingly sophisticated as technological developments, in such a way that cause difficulties to search, seize and transmit properties from the requested country to the requesting country, so that is needed bilateral or multilateral cooperation. Indonesia must be better cooperation among relevant agencies in accordance with established procedures. Indonesia memiliki Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2006 tentang Bantuan Timbal Balik dalam Masalah Pidana dan meratifikasi Perjanjian tentang MLA in Criminal Matters (ASEAN Treaty)dengan UndangUndang Nomor 15 Tahun 2008, dan mandat kepada Kementerian Kehakiman dan Hak Asasi Manusia sebagai otoritas pusat. Modus operandi kejahatan makin canggih seiring perkembangan teknologi, sedemikian rupa yang menyebabkan kesulitan untuk mencari, menyita dan mengirimkan hasil kejahatan dari negara diminta kepada negara peminta, sehingga perlu kerjasama bilateral atau multilateral. Di Indonesia harus ada kerjasama yang lebih baik antar instansi terkait sesuai dengan prosedur yang ditetapkan.