bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guest Cation Functionalized Metal Organic Framework for Highly Efficient C2H2/CO2 Separation
Authors: Li Chen‐Ning , Liu Lin , Liu Shuo , Yuan Daqiang , Zhang Qiang , Han Zheng‐Bo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from acetylene (C2H2) production is critical yet difficult due to their similar physicochemical properties. Despite extensive research has been conducted on metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) for C2H2/CO2 separation, approaches to designing functionalized MOFs remain limited. Enhancing gas adsorption through simple pore modification holds great promise in molecular recognition and industrial separation processes. This study proposes a guest cation functionalization strategy using the anionic framework SU‐102 as the prototype material. Specifically, the guest cation Li+ is introduced into the skeleton by ion exchange to obtain SU‐102‐Li+. This strategy generates strong interactions between Li+ and gas molecules, thereby elevating C2H2 uptake to 49.18 cm3 g−1 and CO2 uptake to 29.88 cm3 g−1, marking 20.3% and 36.9% improvements over the parent material, respectively. In addition, ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity calculations and dynamic breakthrough experiments confirmed the superior and stable separation performance of SU‐102‐Li+ for C2H2/CO2 (25 min g−1) and C2H2 productivity (1.55 mmol g−1). Theoretical calculations further reveals the unique molecular recognition mechanism between gas molecules and guest cations.
Charge Carrier Dynamics in Bandgap Modulated Covellite‐CuS Nanostructures
Authors: Jagadish Kusuma , Godha Akshath , Pandit Bidhan , Jadhav Yogesh , Dutta Arpita , Satapathy Jyotiprakash , Bhatt Himanshu , Singh Balpartap , Makineni Surendra Kumar , Pal Shovon , Rondiya Sachin R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCopper Sulfide (CuS) semiconductors have garnered interest, but the effect of transition metal doping on charge carrier kinetics and bandgap remains unclear. In this study, the interactions between dopant atoms (Nickel, Cobalt, and Manganese) and the CuS lattice using spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis are explored. The findings show that sp‐d exchange interactions between band electrons and the dopant ions, which replace Cu2+, are key to altering the material's properties. Specifically, these interactions result in a reduced bandgap by shifting the conduction and valence band edges and increasing carrier concentration. It is observed that undoped CuS nanoflowers exhibit a carrier lifetime of 2.16 ns, whereas Mn‐doped CuS shows an extended lifetime of 2.62 ns. This increase is attributed to longer carrier scattering times (84 ± 5 fs for Mn‐CuS compared to 53 ± 14 fs for CuS) and slower trapping (∼1.5 ps) with prolonged de‐trapping (∼100 ps) rates. These dopant‐induced energy levels enhance mobility and carrier lifetime by reducing recombination rates. This study highlights the potential of doped CuS as cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries and emphasizes the applicability of metal sulfides in energy solutions.
Microcrystalline Engineering of Anthracite‐Based Carbon Via Salt‐Assisted Ball Milling for Enhanced Sodium Storage Performance
Authors: Chen He , Sun Ning , Wang YingXian , Soomro Razium Ali , Xu Bin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCoal‐based carbon material, characterized by abundant resources and low cost, has gained considerable interests as a promising anode candidate for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, the coal‐based carbon generally shows inferior Na‐storage performance due to its highly‐ordered microstructure with narrow interlayer spacing. Herein, a salt‐assisted mechanical ball‐milling strategy is proposed to disrupt the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure in anthracite molecules, thereby reducing the microcrystalline regularity of the derived carbon during following pyrolysis process. In addition, the induced C─O─C bonds during ball‐milling process can alter the pyrolysis behavior of anthracite and restrain the formation of surface defects. Consequently, in contrast to pristine anthracite‐based pyrolytic carbon, which exhibits a Na‐storage capacity of 198.4 mAh g−1 with a low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 65.1%, the ball‐milling modified carbon assisted by NaCl salt (NAC), with enhanced structural disordering and reduced surface defects, demonstrate significantly improved Na‐storage capacity of 332.1 mAh g−1 and ICE value of 82.0%. The NAC electrode also realizes excellent cycle and rate performance, retaining a capacity of 196.0 mAh g−1 at 1 C after 1000 cycles. Furthermore, when coupled with NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode, the assembled Na‐ion full cell deliveres an exceptional electrochemical performance, highlighting its promising prospect as high‐performance anode for SIBs.
Unraveling Energy Storage Performance and Mechanism of Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived Copper Vanadium Oxides with Tunable Composition for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kakarla Ashok Kumar , Bandi Hari , Syed Wasim Akram , Narsimulu D. , Shanthappa R. , Yu Jae Su 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAchieving high‐performance aqueous zinc (Zn)‐ion batteries (AZIBs) requires stable and efficient cathode materials capable of reversible Zn‐ion intercalation. Although layered vanadium oxides possess high Zn‐ion storage capacity, their sluggish kinetics and poor conductivity present significant hurdles for further enhancing the performance of AZIBs. In response to this challenge, a dissolution‐regrowth and conversion approach is formulated using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as a sacrificial template, which enables the in situ creation of copper vanadium oxides (CuVOx) with porous 1D channels and distinctive nanoarchitectures. Owing to their distinctive structure, the optimized CuVOx cathode experiences a reaction involving the synergistic insertion/extraction of Zn2+, resulting in rapid Zn2+ diffusion kinetics and enhanced electrochemical activity postactivation. Specifically, the activated electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 519 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 for AZIBs. It is noteworthy that the electrode exhibits a remarkable reversible rate capacity of 220 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 with excellent durable cycleability, retaining 88% of its capacity even after 3000 cycles. Various ex situ testing methods endorse the reversible insertion/extraction of Zn2+ in the CuVOx cathode. This study provides a novel insight into high‐performance MOF‐derived unique structure designs for AZIB electrodes.
Environmental law and systems theory
Authors: Buitendag Nico 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn 1985, German sociologist Niklas Luhmann published a monograph on ecology, which appeared in English translation in 1989 as Ecological Communication. It contained many original insights for ecological thinking and, despite being well‐reviewed upon publication, has had a relatively minor impact on Anglophone environmental discourse. This inattention is also present in environmental law, which has recently seen an increase in legal theories that challenge its mainstream. This contribution first investigates why Ecological Communication has received scant attention, pointing to changes in the climatic context in which it first appeared and the reactionary nature of its arguments. Recognising that the work nevertheless contains critical theoretical insights for environmental law scholarship, the second aim of the article is to spotlight what from Ecological Communication remains relevant at the hand of three common claims progressive researchers level against mainstream environmental law: The critique of law's marriage to Cartesian dualism, that law should be better informed by climate science,of and law's anthropocentrism. Finally, environmental lawyers are called upon not to ignore Ecological Communication but to engage with it fruitfully.
RNA‐Seq analysis reveals the different mechanisms triggered by bovine and equine after infection with FMDV
Authors: Wu Yi , Li Lu , Bai Wanfu , Li Tao , Qian Xiaoying , Liu Yiyi , Wang Shenyuan , Liu Chunxia , Wan Fang , Zhang Dong , Liu Yingchun , Wu Kaifeng , Ling Yu , Zhou Huanmin , Meng Fanhua , Zhang Yanru , Cao Junwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundFoot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an important pathogen of the MicroRNA virus family. Infection of livestock can cause physical weakness, weight loss, reduced milk production, and a significant reduction in productivity for an extended period. It also causes a high mortality rate in young animals, seriously affecting livestock production. The host range of FMDV is mainly limited to cloven‐hoofed animals such as cattle and sheep, while odd‐toed ungulates such as horses and donkeys have natural resistance to FMDV. The mechanism underlying this resistance in odd‐toed ungulates remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the differences between FMDV‐infected cattle and horses to provide valuable insights into the host‐FMDV interaction mechanisms, thereby contributing to the control of foot‐and‐mouth disease and promoting the development of the livestock industry.MethodsWe observed the distribution of integrins, which help FMDV enter host cells, in the nasopharyngeal tissues of cattle and horses using immunohistochemistry. Then, we employed high‐throughput RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) to study the changes in host gene expression in the nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues of cattle and horses after FMDV infection. We performed enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways after FMDV infection and validated related genes through qPCR.ResultsThe immunohistochemical results showed that both cattle and horses had four integrin receptors that could assist FMDV entry into host cells. The transcriptome analysis revealed that after FMDV infection, pro‐apoptotic genes such as caspase‐3 (CASP3) and cytochrome C (CYCS) were upregulated in cattle, while apoptosis‐inhibiting genes such as NAIP and BCL2A1 were downregulated. In contrast, the expression trend of related genes in horses was opposite to that in cattle. Additionally, autophagy‐related genes such as beclin 1, ATG101, ATG4B, ATG4A, ATG13, and BCL2A1 were downregulated in cattle after FMDV infection, indicating that cattle did not clear the virus through autophagy. However, key autophagy genes including ATG1, ATG3, ATG9, ATG12, and ATG16L1 were significantly upregulated in horses after viral infection.ConclusionBoth water buffaloes and Mongolian horses express integrin receptors that allow FMDV entry into cells. Therefore, the resistance of Mongolian horses to FMDV may result from more changes in intracellular mechanisms, including processes such as autophagy and apoptosis. Significant differences were observed between water buffaloes and Mongolian horses in these processes, suggesting that these processes influence FMDV replication and synthesis.
Technique description and outcome evaluation of Thoroughbred racehorses following soft palate thermocautery performed under standing sedation
Authors: Cassiers Violette , McNally Turlough 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPalatal dysfunction (PD), which encompasses palatal instability (PI) and intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate, is the most common performance‐limiting upper respiratory tract obstruction in young Thoroughbred racehorses. Soft palate thermocautery (SPT) performed under general anaesthesia is a routinely performed procedure for PD in some countries, but the procedure for and outcome of SPT performed under standing sedation has not been published.Objectives(1) To describe a technique for SPT performed under standing sedation; and (2) to assess post‐operative performance in horses compared to controls using the Racing Post rating (RPR), British Horseracing Authority official rating (OR), Performance Index and Earnings.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for all horses that had SPT performed under standing sedation following topical and local infusion of lidocaine hydrochloride into the rostral soft palate, and that were identified to have PI by overground endoscopy. Two matched controls were identified for each case. The median RPR, OR, Performance Index and Earnings for the three pre‐operative and three post‐operative races were compared.ResultsNo significant differences were identified between the SPT (n = 23) and Control groups (n = 46) for baseline characteristics or outcomes.Main limitationsRetrospective study design, small sample size.ConclusionsNo significant differences in racing performance were identified between horses that had SPT performed under standing sedation and controls.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of Cryptosporidium infection in calves and hospitalized humans in Libo Kemkem, North Western Ethiopia
Authors: Tamrat Habtamu , Tekle Yemane , Hailemelekot Mussie , Belayneh Negus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCryptosporidium infection is one of the major causes of acute gastroenteritis and diarrhoea caused by a protozoan parasite affecting vertebrates and humans. The disease is prevalent in cases of immunocompromised individuals. Despite the impact of the diseases in calf and hospitalized humans, well‐documented studies are not available in the study area.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in calves and hospitalized humans and assess the major associated risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection in calves and hospitalized humans.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to March 2021 on calf and human Cryptosporidium infection in Libo Kemkem District, North West Ethiopia. A total of 193 calves and 122 human stool samples admitted to the hospital were used for this study. Three kebeles were selected purposely, and individual calves were selected using a simple random sampling method. A number of sampled calves were allocated proportionally to the selected kebeles. Human samples were collected using a systematic random sampling method. Faecal and stool samples were examined using a modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining method.ResultThe overall prevalence of calf and human Cryptosporidium infection found in this study was 15.5% and 11.5%, respectively. Age of calf, breed, body condition, water source, faecal consistency and hygienic condition were found significantly (p < 0.05) associated with Cryptosporidium infection in the calf. Similarly, the source of potable water, immunocompromisation and contact with domestic animals were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) associated with Cryptosporidium infection in humans.ConclusionThere was a higher prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in calves and humans in Libo Kemkem District. Therefore, the implementation of proper prevention methods of zoonotic Cryptosporidium infection between calf and human beings through significant risk factors is mandatory. Furthermore, additional studies to investigate the levels of economic importance of the disease should be conducted.
Analytik von PFAS in Trinkwasser nach EN 17892 – Der Weg von der Forschungsmethode zur Europäischen Norm
Authors: Borchers Ulrich , Wiegand Laura 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie neue Trinkwasserverordnung (TrinkwV), die im Juni 2023 in Kraft getreten ist, hat erstmalig sehr niedrige Grenzwerte für Perfluoralkylsubstanzen (PFAS) eingeführt. Es zeigt sich, dass vermehrt Befunde in Trinkwässern auftreten, sodass es einen Bedarf für eine hoch sensitive, verlässliche und europäisch harmonisierte analytische Methode gibt. Hierzu hat die EU‐Kommission die neue, genormte Methode EN 17892 für alle Mitgliedstaaten in Europa empfohlen. Unter deutscher Federführung wurde eine robuste genormte Methode entwickelt, die einen Weg vom Forschungslabor zu einem europaweit in hunderten Laboren praktisch angewendeten Verfahren genommen hat. Gerade bei toxikologisch hochrelevanten Stoffen ist eine gute und vergleichbare Analytik die Basis eines nachhaltigen Verbraucherschutzes und guter Entscheidungen.
Optimized Ginkgo leaf biochar: An efficient adsorbent for 2,4‐D herbicide removal from wastewater
Authors: Ma Wenyu , Song Rui , Wang Yujiao , Cui Xiaoyan , Yan Yumei , Liu Zhili , Wang Xiaojun , Gao Haixiang , Lua Runhua , Zhou Wenfeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis research exploited biochar, sourced from Ginkgo leaves (GLs), to facilitate the adsorption of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) in aqueous environments. The results reveal that GL biochar, activated with ZnCl2 at a temperature of 500°C (500‐ZGBC), demonstrated the greatest specific surface area (SBET) of 536.0 m2 g−1 for 2,4‐D adsorption. The biochar's properties, including specific surface area, morphology, structure, thermal stability, and functional groups, were analyzed. Additionally, studies of kinetic and isotherm profiles were conducted, yielding the highest recorded adsorption capacity of 281.8 mg g−1. Pore filling, hydrogen bonding, π‐π interactions, surface complexation with Zn groups, and electrostatic interactions contribute significantly to the adsorption performance of 500‐ZGBC for 2,4‐D. Optimal adsorption was determined to occur at pH 2.117, with a dose of 0.4230 g L−1 of 500‐ZGBC, and an initial concentration of 2,4‐D at 294.7 mg L−1, as evidenced by the application of the response surface method (RSM).Practitioner Points
Premium pharmaceutical‐grade biochar, derived from Ginkgo leaves, boasting a SBET of 536.0 m2 g−1 was produced.
An absorption capacity reaching 281.8 mg g−1 was observed in Ginkgo leaf biochar for 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) adsorption.
The adsorption procedure was refined through the employment of response surface methodology.
Tailoring the characteristics of polyacrylonitrile nanofiltration membranes for nickel removal from wastewater: The influence of binary solvents and pore‐forming agents
Authors: Ghahghaei Mehrdad , Kuvarega Alex Tawanda , Hosseini Seyed Saeid 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis work presents the results of an investigation on the physiochemical and structural characteristics of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiltration (NF) membranes prepared using a novel concept of binary solvents for nickel (Ni) removal from wastewater streams. The thermodynamic and kinetic aspects are emphasized aiming to optimize dope formulation, membrane performance, and durability. The fabricated membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), porosimetry, tensile stress/strain, and flux and rejection. Results revealed that the use of an equal (1:1) mixture of n‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethylformamide (DMF) as dope solvents led to the formation of membranes with enhanced performance, offering pure water flux of 2.33 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 and Ni rejection of 90.84%. Moreover, the incorporation of 0.5 wt.% PEG as a pore‐forming agent to the dope solution further boosted pure water flux to 4.97 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 with negligible impact on Ni rejection. Besides attractive performance, the adopted strategy offered membranes of exceptionally high flexibility with no sign of defect or failure especially during module fabrication and testing enabling smooth and hassle‐free scale‐up and extension to other applications.Practitioner Points
Optimized solvent mixture: A 1:1 blend of n‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvents resulted in enhanced membrane performance.
High flux and Ni rejection: The fabricated membranes exhibited a pure water flux of 2.33 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 and a remarkable Ni rejection of 90.84%.
PEG enhancement: Incorporating 0.5 wt.% PEG as a pore‐forming agent further improved the membrane's pure water flux to 4.97 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1, without compromising Ni rejection.
Exceptional flexibility: The adopted strategy yielded membranes with exceptional flexibility, making them suitable for scale‐ups and other applications.
Extracellular vesicles‐based theranostics for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Zhao Han , Zhu Ling , Wang Chen , Yang Yanlian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the accelerated aging of the global population, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) is increasing year by year. Because of the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), the low concentration of the biomarkers in peripheral blood and the low penetration rate of the drugs through BBB into brain hinders the development of diagnosis and treatment of NDDs. As an effective mediator to penetrate through BBB in both directions, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted much attention in the early diagnosis and treatment of NDDs because of their superior performance as drug carriers and detection biomarkers. Brain‐derived EVs in body fluids contain disease‐related biomolecules can be used as early diagnostic biomarkers for NDDs. In addition, as one of the subpopulations of EVs, exosomes, especially stem cell‐derived exosomes, have great potential in the treatment of NDDs. The ability to cross the BBB, together with the feasibility of versatile functionalization of EV for NDDs pathogen targeting facilitate EVs a potential tool for targeted drug delivery systems for NDDs. In this review, the important role of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of NDDs and the current research progress will be discussed.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease
When Does the Concavity Index Constrain Stream Power Parameters?
Authors: Smith Adam G. G. , Fox Matthew 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBy defining the attributes of river networks, we can quantitatively extract records of climatic and tectonic changes from them. The stream power incision model (SPIM) provides a framework within which this can be achieved, as it facilitates the calculation of the relative rock uplift from river characteristics. One parameter that has been widely employed in tectonic and fluvial geomorphology is the channel steepness index, a metric that can represent the normalized rock uplift rate experienced by a river. However, to accurately infer the channel steepness index, we must accurately estimate m/n, the ratio between the two positive exponents of the SPIM. Present methodologies to constrain m/n rely on an assumption that rock uplift and erodibility are spatially invariant. These conditions are rarely present on Earth. In this study, we use a synthetic example and examples from the Siwalik Hills and Olympic Mountains to demonstrate how existing methodologies to constrain m/n produce systematic errors when there is spatial variation, and particularly spatial gradients, in the processes driving landscape evolution. To solve this problem, we present a methodology to estimate m/n based on a large river network inversion that accounts for spatial variation in landscapes. After demonstrating that the methodology can accurately recover m/n in our synthetic landscape, we show that our methodology can reconcile contrasting observations in the Siwaliks, and is critical to inferring accurate values of channel steepness index in the Olympic Mountains. This highlights the utility of large topographic inversions for investigating landscape dynamics.