bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute exacerbations in the INPULSIS trials of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Collard Harold R. , Richeldi Luca , Kim Dong Soon , Taniguchi Hiroyuki , Tschoepe Inga , Luisetti Maurizio , Roman Jesse , Tino Gregory , Schlenker-Herceg Rozsa , Hallmann Christoph , du Bois Roland M. 
Published: May 2017

Time to first investigator-reported acute exacerbation was a key secondary end-point in the INPULSIS trials of nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).We used the INPULSIS trial data to investigate risk factors for acute exacerbation of IPF and to explore the impact of nintedanib on risk and outcome of investigator-reported and adjudicated confirmed/suspected acute exacerbations. Mortality following these events and events adjudicated as not acute exacerbations was analysed using the log rank test.Risk of acute exacerbations was most strongly associated with the following variables: baseline forced vital capacity (higher risk with lower value), baseline supplemental oxygen (higher risk with use), baseline antacid medication (higher risk with use), treatment (higher risk with placebo), and for confirmed/suspected acute exacerbations, cigarette smoking. Mortality was similar following investigator-reported and adjudicated confirmed/suspected acute exacerbations. Nintedanib had no significant effect on risk of mortality post-exacerbation.Investigator-reported acute exacerbations of IPF are associated with similar risk factors and outcomes as adjudicated confirmed/suspected acute exacerbations.
Market Mediators and the Trade-offs of Legitimacy-Seeking Behaviors in a Nascent Category
Authors: Lee Brandon H. , Hiatt Shon R. , Lounsbury Michael 
Published: May 2017

Although existing research has demonstrated the importance of attaining legitimacy for new market categories, few scholars have considered the trade-offs associated with such actions. Using the U.S. organic food product category as a context, we explore how one standards-based certification organization—the California Certified Organic Farmers (CCOF)—sought to balance efforts to legitimate a nascent market category with retaining a shared, distinctive identity among its members. Our findings suggest that legitimacy-seeking behaviors undertaken by the standards organization diluted the initial collective identity and founding ethos of its membership. However, by shifting the meaning of “organic” from the producer to the product, CCOF was able to strengthen the categorical boundary, thereby enhancing its legitimacy. By showing how the organization managed the associated trade-offs, this study highlights the double-edged nature of legitimacy and offers important implications for the literatures on legitimacy and new market category formation. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1126 .
Multiple Identity Configurations: The Benefits of Focused Enhancement for Prosocial Behavior
Authors: Ramarajan Lakshmi , Berger Ida E. , Greenspan Itay 
Published: May 2017

This paper introduces a configurational approach to the study of multiple identities. Specifically, it examines how prosocial identity combines with collective and individualistic identities in conflicting and enhancing ways to affect prosocial behavior in organizational settings. We examine an unexplored intuition in the multiple identities literature that when all identities are enhancing (a mutual enhancement configuration), it will be best for prosocial outcomes. Our results show, however—across two field studies and two experiments—that enhancement between prosocial and collective identities (a focused enhancement configuration) results in the highest levels of prosocial behavior. Furthermore, we trace this result to the greater self-serving orientation activated in a mutual enhancement configuration, where one’s individualistic identity enhances one’s other identities. Our work demonstrates the value of a configurational approach to the study of multiple identities, and it challenges the assumption that a mutual enhancement configuration is always desirable. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1129 .
Childhood Social Disadvantage and Pubertal Timing: A National Birth Cohort From Australia
Authors: Sun Ying , Mensah Fiona K. , Azzopardi Peter , Patton George C. , Wake Melissa 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Early pubertal timing is linked with a range of adverse health outcomes later. Given recent trends of earlier pubertal maturation, there is growing interest in the factors influencing pubertal timing. Socioeconomic disadvantage has been previously linked with reproductive strategies later in life. In this study, we aim to determine the association between cumulative social disadvantages in early life and early puberty in a population-based birth cohort.METHODS:Data are from the B (baby) cohort of The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Children (n  =  5107) were aged 0 to 1 years when recruited in 2004 and 10 to 11 years (n  =  3764) at Wave 6 in 2015. Household socioeconomic position (SEP) and neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage were collected at all 6 waves. Trajectories of disadvantage were identified through latent class models. Early puberty at Wave 6 was assessed from parental reports using an adaptation of the Pubertal Development Scale.RESULTS:Cumulative exposure to extremely unfavorable household SEP in boys independently predicted a fourfold increase (odds ratio = 4.22, 95% confidence interval 2.27–7.86) in the rate of early puberty. In girls, the increase was twofold (odds ratio = 1.96, 95% confidence interval 1.08–3.56). We found no effect from neighborhood disadvantage once family SEP was taken into account.CONCLUSIONS:Cumulative exposure to household socioeconomic disadvantage in early life predicts earlier pubertal timing in both boys and girls. This may represent 1 mechanism underpinning associations between early life disadvantage and poor health in later life.
Lithium Dendrite Growth Control Using Local Temperature Variation
Authors: Aryanfar Asghar , Colussi Agustín J , Hoffmann Michael R. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTWe have quantified lithium dendrite growth in an optically accessible symmetric Li-metal cell, charged under imposed temperatures on the electrode surface. We have found that the dendrite length measure is reduced up to 43% upon increasing anodic temperature of about 50°C. We have deduced that imposing higher temperature on the electrode surface will augment the reduction rate relative to dendritic peaks and therefore lithium holes can draw near with the sharp deposited tips. We have addressed this mechanism via fundamentals of electrochemical transport.
The Effect of Structural Defects on the Laser Damage Threshold of KH2PO4 Single Crystals.
Authors: Garnov S. V. , Kolybayeva M. I. , Puzikov V. M. , Salo V. I. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe effect of the crystal structure defects of different origin (dislocations, stresses, impurities, liquid phase inclusions) on the bulk laser damage threshold in big-size KDP crystals has been studied in the present paper. The quantitative dependence of the bulk laser damage threshold value on the internal stresses, density of dislocations and impurity concentration in crystals has been found.
Spectroscopy, Modelling and Laser Operation of Holmium Doped Laser Crystals
Authors: Kalisky Y. , Rotman S. R. , Boulon G. , Pedrini C. , Brenier A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSpectroscopic studies using laser induced fluorescence and numerical modelling of energy transfer and back transfer mechanism are reported in Er:Tm:Ho:YLF, Cr:Tm:Ho:YAG and Cr:Tm:YAG laser crystals at various temperatures (10 K-300 K). Direct energy transfer from Tm3+ excited states to Ho3+5I7 emitting level was observed and analyzed both in YAG and YLF. Further analysis of Cr3+ and Tm3+ time-dependent emission curves indicate a strong correlation of chromium-thulium pairs. Pulsed operation of holmium laser at high temperature will be presented.
First Order Quasi-Phase-Matched Second-Harmonic Generation in LiTaO3 Utilizing a Periodic Domain Inversion Created by an External Stress
Authors: Strasser Thomas A. , Raj Rishi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFirst order quasi-phase-matching in a proton exchanged LiTaO3 channel waveguide structure is reported, where the periodic domain inversion is created by the application of a periodic compressive stress near the Curie temperature. The processing conditions, driving force, and effects on resulting domain structure is reported, including the observation of domain structures with periods as small as 0.36 μm. A waveguide second-harmonic generation structure with a periodic 3.45 μm domain inversion structure is fabricated and evaluated to quasi-phase-match 420 nm blue light with 840 nm output available from standard laser diode sources.
Blue Light by Second Harmonic Generation in Epitaxial PbTiO3 Thin Film Waveguide
Authors: Hsu Wei-Yung , Raj R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEpitaxial PbTiO3 thin films have been grown on MgO substrate. The as grown PbTiO3 thin films were multi-domain with the existence of a-domain and c-domain. The amount of adomain can be reduced with the application SrTiO3 transitional layer, which also improve the crystalline quality and thus the nonlinear optical properties. Blue light generation in the PbTiO3/SrTiO3/MgO heterostructure was demonstrated based on waveguide mode dispersion.
An Intuitive Method for the Determination of Crystal-Field Parameters in Laser Crystals
Authors: Anderson Frederick G. , Weidner H. , Summers P. L. , Peale R. E. , Chai B. H. T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractExpanding the crystal field in terms of operators that transform as the irreducible representations of the Td group leads to an intuitive interpretation of the crystal-field parameters. We apply this method to the crystal field experienced by Nd3+ dopants in the laser crystals YLiF4, YVO4, and KLiYF5.
Growth Studies of YVO4 Crystals: I. Aspects of Oxygen Deficiency
Authors: Erdei Sandor , Ainger F. W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDuring crystal growth of yttrium orthovanadate (YVO4) from the Y-V-O melt system, strong incongruent vanadium oxide vaporization occurs, causing changes in both oxygen and Y/V stoichiometry and resulting in significant color centers and inclusion problems in the crystal. Oxygen deficiency is an inherent problem in melt grown YVO4 crystals, and this work seeks to clarify this phenomenon. Lattice parameter decrease was observed in oxygen deficient YVO4-x fibers grown by the laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique. Although post-growth annealing in O2 atmosphere can eliminate the black color centers in the fibers, it causes anisotropic lattice distortions within the crystal. Consequently, preventing the formation of oxygen deficient YVO4-x holds the most promise for production of scattering free YVO4 crystals. Since the complete suppression of incongruent vaporization is very difficult during high temperature growth procedure, utilization of a proper flux system having a low melting temperature “compensating phase” for collecting non-pentavalent vanadium oxides is recommended to achieve directly-grown oxygen deficiency free yttrium orthovanadate crystals.
Room Temperature CW Laser Efficiency Yb3+−Er3+ and Tm3+ Doped Silicates in the Infrared Region
Authors: Borel C. , Souriau J. C , Wyon Ch. , Li C. , Moncorge R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper reports the main spectroscopic characterizations and laser experiments carried out on two new crystal hosts: the! yttrium orthosilicate Y2SiO5 and the silicate oxyapatite Sr2Y8(SiO4)6O2 (hereafter noted SYS), doped with Ytterbium and Erbium for a 1,55 μm laser emission and with Thulium for a 2 μm emission. Four new lasers have been demonstrated at 1,554 μm, 1,576 μm, 1,99 μm and 2,05 μm for respectively Yb,Er:SYS; Yb,Er:Y2SiO5; Tm:SYS and Tm:Y2SiO5. If for the Yb,Er codoped materials laser performances are still poor compared with the Yb,Er phosphate glass, the Tm doped materials exhibit laser performances similar to the Tm:YAG and look very promising.
Luminescence Behavior of Organo-Ruthenium Complexes Entrapped Within Sol-Gel Hosts
Authors: Matthews Lowell R. , Wang Xiao-Jun , Knobbe E. T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCompounds of europium(III) and ruthenium(II) are of interest for potential optical source applications in the red portion of the visible spectrum. Our previous work showed that the organo-europium complex tris(4,4,4-trifluoro-l-(2′-thienyl)-l,3-butanedionato-O, O′)europium( III), Eu(ttfa)3, demonstrated superior fluorescence properties to salts like europium(III) chloride when doped into sol-gel materials. The ruthenium complex tris(2,2′- bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chloride, ‘Ru(bpy)3’Cl2, also shows strong fluorescence when doped into sol-gel materials.Luminescence behavior of the ‘;Ru(bpy)3’Cl2 complex has been investigated as a function of matrix composition using three sol-gel-derived hosts: silica, an acrylate ORMOSIL, and an epoxide ORMOSIL. Luminescence characteristics have also been studied as a function of fluorophore concentration. Fluorescence lifetime, excitation and emission spectra, and quantum efficiency values have been determined.
Intraband Absorption in P-Type InGaAs at FIR Frequencies
Authors: Zhang Xiangkun , Liao Phengpiao , Afzali-Kushaa Ali , Haddad George I. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntraband absorption in p-type In.53Ga.47 As has been measured at FIR frequencies (40–240 cm−1). It is found that the absorption in p-type InGaAs, which is associated with transitions between the light- and heavy-hole valence bands, is very strong. The absorption coefficient is as high as 103–104 cm−1. It increases with the doping concentration but decreases with the frequency of the incident radiation and temperature.
Idea on Momentum Effect of Gaseous Beam Particles on Epitaxial Crystal Stiffness as to Thin Film Growth Such as Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth and Molecular Beam Growth
Authors: Saito Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe author reports on idea of momentum effect of gaseous beam particles as to thin film epitaxial crystal growth such as molecular beam epitaxial growth or metal organic chemical vapor deposition epitaxial growth on stiffness of epitaxial growth thin film. The author presented that liquid glass encapsulation squeeze compression effect of liquid-glass-encapsulation Czochralski technique (LEC) crystal growth [Y.Saito, presented at the 10th Int. Conf. on Crystal Growth, 1992], third element different from crystal matrix elements [Y.Saito, presented at the 9th Int. Conf. on Ternary and Multinary Compounds, 1993], light momentum pressure of substance cooling thermal cycle [Y.Saito, presented at the 1st Int.Symposium on Laser and Optoelectronics Technology & Applications, 1993] can yield firmly binded bonds of substance elements. On the other hand, collisions of particles sputtered from solid target slabs [Y.Saito, presented at the 2nd Int.Symposium on Sputtering & Plasma Processes, 1993] or accelerated ions or particles evaporated from molten metals with themselves on the thin films can yield binded bonds. It was shown that internal compression in a crystal by ion implantation in crystal cell lattices can make the refractory state to gas phase chemical attack.[Y.Saito, in the Materials Research Society Symposium Proc. Vol. 279, pp. 135–140.] From these results, we can consider momentum effect at collision on binding state. After collision binding, internal compression by thermal transition variation in a multilayer structure during cooling thermal cycle influences binding stiffness.
Characterization of Ce-Doped LaPO4 by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Shuh D. K. , Terminello L. J. , Boatner L. A. , Abraham M. M. , Perry D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractX-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) of the Rare Earth (RE) 3d levels yields sharp peaks near the edges as a result of strong, quasi-atomic 3d104fn→3d94fn+1 (M4,5) transitions that contain a wealth of spectroscopic features. XAS is a useful technique for the characterization of 4f-occupancy, 4f-hybridization, and valence in RE-containing materials. The XAS measurements of the single crystal RE-orthophosphates, as well as a range of Ce- doped (˜l–30%) LaPO4 hosts were performed at the 3d edge in the total electron yield mode at beamline 8–2 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). The XAS spectra of the RE ions in the orthophosphate matrix generally resemble that of the corresponding RE metal and emphasize the major contribution of the trivalent state to the electronic transitions occurring at the 3d edge. There is no energy shift of the La and Ce absorption peaks with Ce doping and furthermore, no additional transitions are observed in either spectral region. However, accompanying the Ce doping there is a significant narrowing of the La absorption peak full width half maximum that contrasts to the Ce features that exhibit no contraction. The La and Ce spectra indicate that the Ce-doping of LaPO4 is purely substitutional.
Dihexyl-Fluorene-co-3,4 Ethylenedioxythiophene Copolymers for OLEDs
Authors: Stéphan Olivier , Tran-Van Francois , Contat Jérome , Dubois Angélique , Chevrot Claude 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTWe report synthesis, and optical properties, of dihexyl-fluorene-co-3,4-ethylene- dioxythiophene (DHF-co-EDOT) random copolymers obtained from mixture, in various ratios, of the two corresponding dibrominated monomers. Infra-red studies coupled with 1H NMR clearly indicate, as expected, that the amount of each monomer unit in the materials is strongly connected to the feed composition. It clearly appears that even a low 3,4-ethylene- dioxythiophene (EDOT) content, i.e. 15 %, within a poly(dihexyl fluorene) main chain induces significant changes in the electronic properties of the corresponding material, denoted COPO1, compared with the fluorene-based homopolymer. Higher EDOT contents lead to less soluble copolymers which are not or only to a slight extent suitable to investigate their use as luminescent semiconducting ∼-conjugated materials in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). Green organic light emitting devices based on COPO1, exhibiting no significant spectral evolution, have been demonstrated and showed improved hole-injection properties when compared to the ones using poly(dihexyl fluorene). The use of an additional PEDOT- PSS layer on the ITO anode has also been investigated leading to improved operating lifetime.
Light-Induced Enhancement of Rectification by Monolayer of Hexadecylquinolinium Tricyanoquinodimethanide Between Al Electrodes
Authors: Xu Tao , Metzger Robert M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTPhotoinduced changes in electrical rectification were measured for a 5-layer Langmuir-Blodgett multilayer of hexadecylquinolinium tricyanoquinodimethanide, sandwiched between opaque and semitransparent Al electrodes, as a function of bias and wavelength. The current increases with the light intensity, but this may be simply due to heating of the sample, rather than to a photon-induced enhancement of the rectification.
Self-Organization of Nitrogen-Containing Polymeric Supramolecules in Thin Films
Authors: Knaapila Matti , Torkkeli Mika , Mäkelä Tapio , Horsburgh Lockhart , Lindfors Klas , Serimaa Ritva , Kaivola Matti , Monkman Andrew P. , Brinke Gerritten , Ikkala Olli 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTRigid rod-like poly(2,5-pyridinediyl), semi-rigid polyaniline and flexible poly(4- vinylpyridine) are nitrogen-containing polymers that with selected amphiphilic oligomers form self-organized comb-shaped supramolecules due to protonation, hydrogen bonding and polar- nonpolar effects combined. Luminescent or conductive ordered structures are demonstrated in thin films. The structures are characterized using small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS). The uniformity is studied using atomic force microscopy and scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM).
Low Driving Voltage of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using p-Doping Starburst Amine as Hole Transporter
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Nollau Andreas , Blochwitz Jan , Pfeiffer Martin , Fritz Torsten , Leo Karl 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTWe investigate the electrical properties and the OLED application of controlledly doped amorphous hole transporters. Thin films of starburst amine, 4,4',4“-tris(N,N-diphenyl- amino) triphenylamine (TDATA), doped by a fully fluorinated form of tetracyano- quinodimethane (F4-TCNQ), are characterized in situ by temperature dependent conductivity and Seebeck measurements. The conductivity and hole concentration increase with dopant concentration and are many orders of magnitude higher than those of undoped material. OLED devices with the layer sequence ITO/TDATA(200 nm)/Alq3(65 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al were fabricated. The use of p-doped TDATA thin films with high bulk conductivity and hole concentration reduces the resistance of the devices and leads to a thinner space charge layer which facilitates injection of holes from the ITO anode.
Optically Induced Dynamics of Isocyanate Organic Films Containing Azobenzene Chromophores
Authors: Kim Mi Jeong , Seo Eun-Mi , Shin Yeong-Deuk , Lee Jae-Suk , Kim Dong-Yu 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe photophysical formation of surface relief grating (SRG) was compared between isocyanate-based polymeric and non-polymeric thin films of low molecular weight organics containing azobenzene group. The non-polymeric film forms faster and more efficient surface grating formation than the polymeric film when exposed to an interference pattern of polarized Ar+ laser beams at 488 nm. However, the polymeric materials exhibited higher stability of SRG and orientation of azobenzenes than non-polymeric ones. The relation between the rate of photoinduced surface modulation and orientation of azobenzenes is discussed.
Influence of Device Configuration on External Quantum Efficiency in Organic Light-Emitting Devices
Authors: Yahiro Masayuki , Tsutsui Tetsuo 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe external quantum efficiency in conventional double-layer type organic light-emitting devices with different layer thickness was carefully evaluated. From the measurements of luminance and emission spectra, external quantum efficiency (uncorrected) was obtained.The correction due to the modification of spatial emission distribution was added from the measurements of spatial emission patterns. The external quantum efficiency, both uncorrected and corrected, showed strong dependency on the distance between a metal electrode and an emissive region. This variation was ascribed to the change of coupling-out efficiency. Independent experimental evaluations of apparent couple-out efficiency using an integrating sphere supported this interpretation.
Enhanced Blue Light Emission From Sexiphenyl Heterostructure EL Device
Authors: Ohmori Yutaka , Tsukagawa Takahisa , Kajii Hirotake 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTEnhanced electroluminescence (EL) from vapor deposited p-sexiphenyl (6p) layer has been observed utilizing heterostructure of p-sexiphenyl emissive layer and N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD) hole transporting layer. The EL device consists of an indium-tin oxide (ITO) anode, a hole transporting layer, an emissive layer, and a magnesium containing silver cathode. A heterostructure device with 50 nm-thick p-sexiphenyl and 60 nm-thick TPD shows the enhanced emission from the p-sexiphenyl emissive layer. The electroluminescence from the device shows the emission peak centered at 420 nm. The p-sexiphenyl/TPD heterostructure device emits 2 orders of magnitude higher intensity than the conventional single layer of p-sexiphenyl device. The mechanism of enhanced emission from the heterostructure device has been discussed utilizing energy band diagrams of these materials.