bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Battery of behavioral tests in mice to study postoperative delirium
Authors: Peng Mian , Zhang Ce , Dong Yuanlin , Zhang Yiying , Nakazawa Harumasa , Kaneki Masao , Zheng Hui , Shen Yuan , Marcantonio Edward R. , Xie Zhongcong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPostoperative delirium is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and cost. However, its neuropathogenesis remains largely unknown, partially owing to lack of animal model(s). We therefore set out to employ a battery of behavior tests, including natural and learned behavior, in mice to determine the effects of laparotomy under isoflurane anesthesia (Anesthesia/Surgery) on these behaviors. The mice were tested at 24 hours before and at 6, 9 and 24 hours after the Anesthesia/Surgery. Composite Z scores were calculated. Cyclosporine A, an inhibitor of mitochondria permeability transient pore, was used to determine potential mitochondria-associated mechanisms of these behavioral changes. Anesthesia/Surgery selectively impaired behaviors, including latency to eat food in buried food test, freezing time and time spent in the center in open field test, and entries and duration in the novel arm of Y maze test, with acute onset and various timecourse. The composite Z scores quantitatively demonstrated the Anesthesia/Surgery-induced behavior impairment in mice. Cyclosporine A selectively ameliorated the Anesthesia/Surgery-induced reduction in ATP levels, the increases in latency to eat food, and the decreases in entries in the novel arm. These findings suggest that we could use a battery of behavior tests to establish a mouse model to study postoperative delirium.
A distinct brain pathway links viral RNA exposure to sickness behavior
Authors: Zhu Xinxia , Levasseur Pete R. , Michaelis Katherine A. , Burfeind Kevin G. , Marks Daniel L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSickness behaviors and metabolic responses to invading pathogens are common to nearly all types of infection. These responses evolved to provide short-term benefit to the host to ward off infection, but impact on quality of life and when prolonged lead to neurodegeneration, depression and cachexia. Among the major infectious agents, viruses most frequently enter the brain, resulting in profound neuroinflammation. We sought to define the unique features of the inflammatory response in the brain to these infections. We demonstrate that the molecular pathway defining the central response to dsRNA is distinct from that found in the periphery. The behavioral and physical response to the dsRNA mimetic poly I:C is dependent on signaling via MyD88 when it is delivered centrally, whereas this response is mediated via the TRIF pathway when delivered peripherally. We also define the likely cellular candidates for this MyD88-dependent step. These findings suggest that symptom management is possible without ameliorating protective antiviral immune responses.
Temperature Assisted in-Situ Small Angle X-ray Scattering Analysis of Ph-POSS/PC Polymer Nanocomposite
Authors: Yadav Ramdayal , Naebe Minoo , Wang Xungai , Kandasubramanian Balasubramanian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInorganic/organic nanofillers have been extensively exploited to impart thermal stability to polymer nanocomposite via various strategies that can endure structural changes when exposed a wide range of thermal environment during their application. In this abstraction, we have utilized temperature assisted in-situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to examine the structural orientation distribution of inorganic/organic nanofiller octa phenyl substituted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (Ph-POSS) in Polycarbonate (PC) matrix from ambient temperature to 180 °C. A constant interval of 30 °C with the heating rate of 3 °C/min was utilized to guise the temperature below and above the glass transition temperature of PC followed by thermal gravimetric, HRTEM, FESEM and hydrophobic analysis at ambient temperature. The HRTEM images of Ph-POSS nano unit demonstrated hyperrectangular structure, while FESEM image of the developed nano composite rendered separated phase containing flocculated and overlapped stacking of POSS units in the PC matrix. The phase separation in polymer nanocomposite was further substantiated by thermodynamic interaction parameter (χ) and mixing energy (Emix) gleaned via Accelrys Materials studio. The SAXS spectra has demonstrated duplex peak at higher scattering vector region, postulated as a primary and secondary segregated POSS domain and followed by abundance of secondary peak with temperature augmentation.
Secure information transport by transverse localization of light
Authors: Leonetti Marco , Karbasi Salman , Mafi Arash , DelRe Eugenio , Conti Claudio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA single-photon beating with itself can produce even the most elaborate optical fringe pattern. However, the large amount of information enclosed in such a pattern is typically inaccessible, since the complete distribution can be visualized only after many detections. In fact this limitation is only true for delocalized patterns. Here we demonstrate how reconfigurable localized optical patterns allow to encode up to 6 bits of information in disorder-induced high transmission channels, even using a small number of photon counts. We developed a quantum key distribution scheme for fiber communication in which high information capacity is achieved through position and momentum complementarity.
Glutathione peroxidase 3 localizes to the epithelial lining fluid and the extracellular matrix in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Schamberger Andrea C. , Schiller Herbert B. , Fernandez Isis E. , Sterclova Martina , Heinzelmann Katharina , Hennen Elisabeth , Hatz Rudolf , Behr Jürgen , Vašáková Martina , Mann Matthias , Eickelberg Oliver , Staab-Weijnitz Claudia A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAberrant antioxidant activity and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) are hallmarks of interstitial lung diseases (ILD). It is known that oxidative stress alters the ECM, but extracellular antioxidant defence mechanisms in ILD are incompletely understood. Here, we extracted abundance and detergent solubility of extracellular antioxidant enzymes from a proteomic dataset of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice and assessed regulation and distribution of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) in murine and human lung fibrosis. Superoxide dismutase 3 (Sod3), Gpx3, and Gpx activity were increased in mouse BALF during bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. In lung tissue homogenates, Gpx3, but not Sod3, was upregulated and detergent solubility profiling indicated that Gpx3 associated with ECM proteins. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that Gpx3 was expressed by bronchial epithelial cells and interstitial fibroblasts and localized to the basement membrane and interstitial ECM in lung tissue. As to human ILD samples, BALF of some patients contained high levels of GPX3, and GPX3 was upregulated in lung homogenates from IPF patients. GPX3 expression in primary human bronchial epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts was downregulated by TNF-α, but more variably regulated by TGF-β1 and menadione. In conclusion, the antioxidant enzyme GPX3 localizes to lung ECM and is variably upregulated in ILD.
Using stable isotopes to trace sources and formation processes of sulfate aerosols from Beijing, China
Authors: Han Xiaokun , Guo Qingjun , Liu Congqiang , Fu Pingqing , Strauss Harald , Yang Junxing , Hu Jian , Wei Lianfang , Ren Hong , Peters Marc , Wei Rongfei , Tian Liyan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractParticulate pollution from anthropogenic and natural sources is a severe problem in China. Sulfur and oxygen isotopes of aerosol sulfate (δ34Ssulfate and δ18Osulfate) and water-soluble ions in aerosols collected from 2012 to 2014 in Beijing are being utilized to identify their sources and assess seasonal trends. The mean δ34S value of aerosol sulfate is similar to that of coal from North China, indicating that coal combustion is a significant contributor to atmospheric sulfate. The δ34Ssulfate and δ18Osulfate values are positively correlated and display an obvious seasonality (high in winter and low in summer). Although an influence of meteorological conditions to this seasonality in isotopic composition cannot be ruled out, the isotopic evidence suggests that the observed seasonality reflects temporal variations in the two main contributions to Beijing aerosol sulfate, notably biogenic sulfur emissions in the summer and the increasing coal consumption in winter. Our results clearly reveal that a reduction in the use of fossil fuels and the application of desulfurization technology will be important for effectively reducing sulfur emissions to the Beijing atmosphere.
New structural insights into Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Protein (GRASP) in solution
Authors: Mendes Luís F. S. , Garcia Assuero F. , Kumagai Patricia S. , de Morais Fabio R. , Melo Fernando A. , Kmetzsch Livia , Vainstein Marilene H. , Rodrigues Marcio L. , Costa-Filho Antonio J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAmong all proteins localized in the Golgi apparatus, a two-PDZ (PSD95/DlgA/Zo-1) domain protein plays an important role in the assembly of the cisternae. This Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Protein (GRASP) has puzzled researchers due to its large array of functions and relevance in Golgi functionality. We report here a biochemical and biophysical study of the GRASP55/65 homologue in Cryptococcus neoformans (CnGRASP). Bioinformatic analysis, static fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies, calorimetry, small angle X-ray scattering, solution nuclear magnetic resonance, size exclusion chromatography and proteolysis assays were used to unravel structural features of the full-length CnGRASP. We detected the coexistence of regular secondary structures and large amounts of disordered regions. The overall structure is less compact than a regular globular protein and the high structural flexibility makes its hydrophobic core more accessible to solvent. Our results indicate an unusual behavior of CnGRASP in solution, closely resembling a class of intrinsically disordered proteins called molten globule proteins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first structural characterization of a full-length GRASP and observation of a molten globule-like behavior in the GRASP family. The possible implications of this and how it could explain the multiple facets of this intriguing class of proteins are discussed.
PETModule: a motif module based approach for enhancer target gene prediction
Authors: Zhao Changyong , Li Xiaoman , Hu Haiyan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe identification of enhancer-target gene (ETG) pairs is vital for the understanding of gene transcriptional regulation. Experimental approaches such as Hi-C have generated valuable resources of ETG pairs. Several computational methods have also been developed to successfully predict ETG interactions. Despite these progresses, high-throughput experimental approaches are still costly and existing computational approaches are still suboptimal and not easy to apply. Here we developed a motif module based approach called PETModule that predicts ETG pairs. Tested on eight human cell types and two mouse cell types, we showed that a large number of our predictions were supported by Hi-C and/or ChIA-PET experiments. Compared with two recently developed approaches for ETG pair prediction, we shown that PETModule had a much better recall, a similar or better F1 score, and a larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The PETModule tool is freely available at http://hulab.ucf.edu/research/projects/PETModule/.
Bio-compatible organic humidity sensor transferred to arbitrary surfaces fabricated using single-cell-thick onion membrane as both the substrate and sensing layer
Authors: Sajid Memoon , Aziz Shahid , Kim Go Bum , Kim Soo Wan , Jo Jeongdai , Choi Kyung Hyun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA bio-compatible disposable organic humidity sensor has been fabricated that can be transferred to any arbitrary target surface. Single cell thick onion membrane has been used as the substrate while it also doubles as the active layer of the sensor. Two different types of sensors were fabricated. In type-1, the membrane was fixed into a plastic frame with IDT patterns on one side while the other side was also exposed to environment. In type-2, onion membrane was attached to a glass substrate with one side exposed to environment having an IDT screen-printed on top of it. The electrical output response of the sensors showed their ability to detect relative humidity between 0% RH and 80% RH with stable response and good sensitivity. The impedance of the sensors changed from 16 MΩ to 2 MΩ for type-1 and 6 MΩ to 20 KΩ for type-2. The response times of type-1 and type-2 were ~1 and 1.5 seconds respectively. The recovery times were ~10.75 seconds and ~11.25 seconds for type-1 and type-2 respectively. The device was successfully transferred to various randomly shaped surfaces without damaging the device.
Impaired neuronal KCC2 function by biallelic SLC12A5 mutations in migrating focal seizures and severe developmental delay
Authors: Saitsu Hirotomo , Watanabe Miho , Akita Tenpei , Ohba Chihiro , Sugai Kenji , Ong Winnie Peitee , Shiraishi Hideaki , Yuasa Shota , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Beng Khoo Teik , Saitoh Shinji , Miyatake Satoko , Nakashima Mitsuko , Miyake Noriko , Kato Mitsuhiro , Fukuda Atsuo , Matsumoto Naomichi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEpilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) is one of the early-onset epileptic syndromes characterized by migrating polymorphous focal seizures. Whole exome sequencing (WES) in ten sporadic and one familial case of EIMFS revealed compound heterozygous SLC12A5 (encoding the neuronal K+-Cl− co-transporter KCC2) mutations in two families: c.279 + 1G > C causing skipping of exon 3 in the transcript (p.E50_Q93del) and c.572 C >T (p.A191V) in individuals 1 and 2, and c.967T > C (p.S323P) and c.1243 A > G (p.M415V) in individual 3. Another patient (individual 4) with migrating multifocal seizures and compound heterozygous mutations [c.953G > C (p.W318S) and c.2242_2244del (p.S748del)] was identified by searching WES data from 526 patients and SLC12A5-targeted resequencing data from 141 patients with infantile epilepsy. Gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp analysis demonstrated strongly suppressed Cl− extrusion function of E50_Q93del and M415V mutants, with mildly impaired function of A191V and S323P mutants. Cell surface expression levels of these KCC2 mutants were similar to wildtype KCC2. Heterologous expression of two KCC2 mutants, mimicking the patient status, produced a significantly greater intracellular Cl− level than with wildtype KCC2, but less than without KCC2. These data clearly demonstrated that partially disrupted neuronal Cl− extrusion, mediated by two types of differentially impaired KCC2 mutant in an individual, causes EIMFS.
Fractional charge and inter-Landau–level states at points of singular curvature
Authors: Biswas Rudro R. , Son Dam Thanh 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Identifying universal topological properties of quantum phases of matter, namely, signatures robust to variations in system-specific details, can elucidate the essential physics of these exotic phases. Here we demonstrate that quantum Hall states behave universally at experimentally accessible singularly curved points on a lattice. At such points they bind an excess fractional charge, universally relatable to their curvatures, as well as bound states with energies at universal fractions of the inter-Landau–level energy gap. These bound states are both spatially as well as energetically isolated, and thus provide a promising new platform for creating qubits for quantum computation. Extensions of these ideas to other lattice topological phases will result in a new method of characterizing such phases.
Prediction of welding stresses in WIC test and its application in pipelines
Authors: Alipooramirabad H. , Paradowska A. M. , Ghomashchi R. , Kotousov A. , Hoye N. 
Published: July 2016

In the present study, the Welding Institute of Canada (WIC) restraint test was used to simulate the restraint conditions of full-scale girth welds on energy pipelines to ascertain the influence of welding process parameters on welding stresses. Finite element models are developed, and validated with neutron diffraction measurements, to evaluate the welding stresses for under-matched, matched and over-matched welds. The effects of heat input, wall thickness and variable restraint lengths of WIC sample are systematically investigated. As a practical outcome, this work can help in selection of the appropriate restraint length for WIC tests to simulate the specified stress conditions in the pipeline, and, ultimately, reduce the risk of Hydrogen Assisted Cold Cracking (HACC) in high strength low alloy. This paper is part of a Themed Issue on Measurement, modelling and mitigation of residual stress.
Validation of a Side-Scan Sonar Method for Quantifying Walleye Spawning Habitat Availability in the Littoral Zone of Northern Wisconsin Lakes
Authors: Richter Jacob T. , Sloss Brian L. , Isermann Daniel A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Previous research has generally ignored the potential effects of spawning habitat availability and quality on recruitment of Walleye Sander vitreus, largely because information on spawning habitat is lacking for many lakes. Furthermore, traditional transect-based methods used to describe habitat are time and labor intensive. Our objectives were to determine if side-scan sonar could be used to accurately classify Walleye spawning habitat in the nearshore littoral zone and provide lakewide estimates of spawning habitat availability similar to estimates obtained from a transect–quadrat-based method. Based on assessments completed on 16 northern Wisconsin lakes, interpretation of side-scan sonar images resulted in correct identification of substrate size-class for 93% (177 of 191) of selected locations and all incorrect classifications were within ± 1 class of the correct substrate size-class. Gravel, cobble, and rubble substrates were incorrectly identified from side-scan images in only two instances (1% misclassification), suggesting that side-scan sonar can be used to accurately identify preferred Walleye spawning substrates. Additionally, we detected no significant differences in estimates of lakewide littoral zone substrate compositions estimated using side-scan sonar and a traditional transect–quadrat-based method. Our results indicate that side-scan sonar offers a practical, accurate, and efficient technique for assessing substrate composition and quantifying potential Walleye spawning habitat in the nearshore littoral zone of north temperate lakes.
Received December 1, 2015; accepted March 24, 2016 Published online July 20, 2016
Does Screw Configuration or Fibular Osteotomy Decrease Healing Time in Exchange Tibial Nailing?
Authors: Abadie Bryan , Leas Daniel , Cannada Lisa , Malm Peter , Morwood Michael , Howes Cameron , Zura Robert , Healy Kaitlin , Avery Matthew , Schlatterer Dan , Miller Anna N. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
This multicenter study was designed to evaluate whether tibia fracture nonunions treated with exchange nailing proceed to union faster with dynamically- versus statically-locked nails, or with fibular osteotomy versus no fibular osteotomy.

Design:
Retrospective, chart-review, multicenter study.

Setting:
Multicenter review of 6 level 1 trauma centers.

Patients/Participants:
Patients who had a tibia fracture treated with an intramedullary nail that progressed to nonunion, and were subsequently treated with exchange nailing, were identified. All patients that met inclusion criteria and subsequently progressed to union were included in the study.

Intervention:
Patients underwent tibial exchange nailing to repair nonunions, with screws in either a dynamically- or statically-locked configuration with or without fibular osteotomy.

Main Outcome Measures:
The primary outcome measure was a comparison of time to healing of tibial nonunion comparing different screw configurations and fibular osteotomy.

Results:
Fifty-two patients underwent an exchange nail procedure and their outcomes were used for the primary analysis. Patients with dynamically-locked nails proceeded to union 7.9 months after revision surgery compared with 7.3 months for those with statically-locked nails, but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.68). Patients with fibular osteotomy proceeded to union 2.9 months faster than those without fibular osteotomy, and this trended toward significance (P = 0.067). Obese patients healed on average 8.8 months after surgery compared with 6.8 months for nonobese patients (P = 0.27). Closed fractures healed after 6.4 months compared with 7.7 months for open fractures (P = 0.40).

Conclusions:
There was no significant difference in time to union between patients who had a dynamic screw configuration compared with a static screw configuration for their exchange nail. Patients who underwent fibular osteotomy proceeded to union faster than those without an osteotomy.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Are Early Career Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeons Performing Less Complex Trauma Surgery?
Authors: Gire Jacob D. , Gardner Michael J. , Harris Alex H. S. , Bishop Julius A. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:
There has recently been an increase in the number of fellowship trained orthopaedic trauma surgeons, raising concerns that the surgical experience of early career surgeons may be diluted. We sought to evaluate the change in complex trauma case volume of orthopaedic trauma surgeons sitting for Part II of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons certification examination.

Methods:
The case log data from all surgeons taking Part II of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons examination over a 13-year period (2003–2015) was evaluated. Any surgeon who examined in the trauma subspecialty was included. We defined pelvis, acetabulum, and periarticular fracture surgeries as complex trauma procedures and evaluated changes in case volume over time.

Results:
We included 468 candidates who examined as trauma subspecialists and performed 90,261 procedures. The number of candidates testing in trauma per year ranged from 15 to 65 and increased significantly over time [β = 4.05 (0.37), P < 0.0001]. Their case volume was stable over time [β = −1.7 (1.1), P = 0.16]. The number of acetabulum fracture surgeries performed decreased significantly over time from a mean of 10.1 cases in 2003 to 5.2 cases in 2015 [β = −0.34 (0.08), P = 0.0015]. There was no significant change in the number of pelvic fracture surgeries [β = −0.1 (0.1), P = 0.285]. There was a trend toward less periarticular fracture surgeries [β = −0.3 (0.1), P = 0.072].

Conclusions:
Although pelvic ring and periarticular fracture case volume have remained stable, early career surgeons have experienced a significant decrease in acetabular fracture case volume. The implications of this decreased surgical experience warrant careful consideration as the orthopaedic trauma workforce evolves.
Suprapatellar Nailing of Tibial Shaft Fractures in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Woyski Dustin , Emerson Jason 
Published: July 2016

Summary:
Fractures of the tibial shaft in patients with ipsilateral total knee arthroplasty are rare but difficult to treat. Nonoperative treatment of these fractures with casting or bracing limits weight bearing for an extended period and can result in unacceptable malalignment. Operative fixation with plate and screws also limits early weight bearing and requires healing of soft tissue that is of poor quality. The authors present a method of internal fixation that uses a standard intramedullary tibial nail and suprapatellar instrumentation. This method can easily be performed, avoids the tibial baseplate, and does not require alteration of the instrumentation or intramedullary nail.