bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical outcomes of Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism Type II with intracranial vascular anomalies
Authors: Teo Mario , Johnson Jeremiah N. , Bell-Stephens Teresa E. , Marks Michael P. , Do Huy M. , Dodd Robert L. , Bober Michael B. , Steinberg Gary K. 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE
Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism Type II (MOPD II) is a rare genetic disorder. Features of it include extremely small stature, severe microcephaly, and normal or near-normal intelligence. Previous studies have found that more than 50% of patients with MOPD II have intracranial vascular anomalies, but few successful surgical revascularization or aneurysm-clipping cases have been reported because of the diminutive arteries and narrow surgical corridors in these patients. Here, the authors report on a large series of patients with MOPD II who underwent surgery for an intracranial vascular anomaly.

METHODS
In conjunction with an approved prospective registry of patients with MOPD II, a prospectively collected institutional surgical database of children with MOPD II and intracranial vascular anomalies who underwent surgery was analyzed retrospectively to establish long-term outcomes.

RESULTS
Ten patients with MOPD II underwent surgery between 2005 and 2012; 5 patients had moyamoya disease (MMD), 2 had intracranial aneurysms, and 3 had both MMD and aneurysms. Patients presented with transient ischemic attack (TIA) (n = 2), ischemic stroke (n = 2), intraparenchymal hemorrhage from MMD (n = 1), and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 1), and 4 were diagnosed on screening. The mean age of the 8 patients with MMD, all of whom underwent extracranial-intracranial revascularization (14 indirect, 1 direct) was 9 years (range 1–17 years). The mean age of the 5 patients with aneurysms was 15.5 years (range 9–18 years). Two patients experienced postoperative complications (1 transient weakness after clipping, 1 femoral thrombosis that required surgical repair). During a mean follow-up of 5.9 years (range 3–10 years), 3 patients died (1 of subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1 of myocardial infarct, and 1 of respiratory failure), and 1 patient had continued TIAs. All of the surviving patients recovered to their neurological baseline.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with MMD presented at a younger age than those in whom aneurysms were more prevalent. Microneurosurgery with either intracranial bypass or aneurysm clipping is extremely challenging but feasible at expert centers in patients with MOPD II, and good long-term outcomes are possible.
The Making of Heritages among Nomadic, Pastoral Peoples in Muslim Societies
Authors: Ben Hounet Yazid , Brisebarre Anne-Marie , Guinand Sandra 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This special issue inquires into the changes under way among nomadic, pastoral peoples in Muslim societies that are concurrent with the construction of a heritage, whether from their culture's material or immaterial aspects (Bortolotto 2011) or through 'protected areas' or 'conservation sites'. The five articles herein focus on nomadic, pastoral groups in several areas in the Muslim world, ranging from North Africa to central Asia. They span two areas of study: how nomadic, pastoral societies cope with social changes and public policies (Bonte and Ben Hounet 2009, Sternberg and Chatty 2013); and how 'heritages' are made from traditional practices and objects. This special issue has come out of a roundtable organised in March 2014 by the team working on the comparative anthropology of Muslim societies and cultures (Laboratory of Social Anthropology, Collège de France, Paris). By limiting the scope to Muslim societies, a reasoned and reasonable comparison can be proposed within a vast, diversified sociocultural zone. Furthermore, the part played by a religious identity in heritage-making among nomadic, pastoral peoples can be brought to light.
The Wa
c
da of Sid Ahmad Majdūb and of Sidi Yahia: The Intangible Heritage and the Semi-Nomadic Tribes of the Algerian West
Authors: Ben Hounet Yazid , Guinand Sandra 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

This article focuses on two feasts traditionally linked to the pastoral and nomadic world of the Algerian West: the wa
c
da of Sid Ahmad Majdūb (daïra of Asla) and that of Sidi Yahia (daïra Sebdu). Organised in honour of local saints, these events reflect at once the vicissitudes of the rural world of the high Algerian steppes, the transformations of identity and the local socio-political relations as well as the effects of the heritage enhancement policies of the local culture. Nomadic and pastoral populations, in Algeria and elsewhere, are increasingly confronted with various heritage enhancement processes initiated by the political authorities in the wake of international recommendations. Using these two examples, we wish in particular to illustrate the idea that the pastoral and nomadic populations both use and preserve heritage-oriented actions.
An autotuning respiration compensation system based on ultrasound image tracking
Authors: Kuo Chia-Chun , Chuang Ho-Chiao , Teng Kuan-Ting , Hsu Hsiao-Yu , Tien Der-Chi , Wu Chih-Jen , Jeng Shiu-Chen , Chiou Jeng-Fong 
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study was to develop an ultrasound image tracking algorithm (UITA) for extracting the exact displacement of internal organs caused by respiratory motion. The program can track organ displacements in real time, and analyze the displacement signals associated with organ displacements via a respiration compensating system (RCS). The ultrasound imaging system is noninvasive and has a high spatial resolution and a high frame rate (around 32 frames/s), which reduces the radiation doses that patients receive during computed tomography and X-ray observations. This allows for the continuous noninvasive observation and compensation of organ displacements simultaneously during a radiation therapy session. This study designed a UITA for tracking the motion of a specific target, such as the human diaphragm. Simulated diaphragm motion driven by a respiration simulation system was observed with an ultrasound imaging system, and then the induced diaphragm displacements were calculated by our proposed UITA. These signals were used to adjust the gain of the RCS so that the amplitudes of the compensation signals were close to the target movements. The inclination angle of the ultrasound probe with respect to the surface of the abdomen affects the results of ultrasound image displacement tracking. Therefore, the displacement of the phantom was verified by a LINAC with different inclination-angle settings of the ultrasound probe. The experimental results indicate that the best inclination angle of the ultrasound probe is 40 degrees, since this results in the target displacement of the ultrasound images being close to the actual target motion. The displacement signals of the tracking phantom and the opposing displacement signals created by the RCS were compared to assess the positioning accuracy of our proposed ultrasound image tracking technique combined with the RCS. When the ultrasound probe was inclined by 40 degrees in simulated respiration experiments using sine waves, the correlation between the target displacement on the ultrasound images and the actual target displacement was around 97%, and all of the compensation rates exceeded 94% after activating the RCS. Furthermore, the diaphragm movements on the ultrasound images of three patients could be captured by our image tracking technique. The test results show that our algorithm could achieve precise point locking and tracking functions on the diaphragm. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed ultrasound image tracking technique combined with the RCS for compensating for organ displacements caused by respiratory motion. This study has shown that the proposed ultrasound image tracking technique combined with the RCS can provide real-time compensation of respiratory motion during radiation therapy, without increasing the overall treatment time. In addition, the system has modest space requirements and is easy to operate.
X-RAY SPECTRAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF A ULX IN NGC 4258 (M106)
Authors: Avdan H. , Avdan S. , Akyuz A. , Balman S. , Aksaker N. , Oralhan I. Akkaya 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We study the X-ray and optical properties of the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) X-6 in the nearby galaxy NGC 4258 (M106) based on the archival XMM-Newton, Chandra, Swift, and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations. The source has a peak luminosity of L
X ∼ 2 × 1039 erg s−1 in the XMM-Newton observation of 2004 June. Consideration of the hardness ratios and the spectral model parameters shows that the source seems to exhibit possible spectral variations throughout the X-ray observations. In the images from the HST/Advanced Camera for Surveys, three optical sources have been identified as counterpart candidates within the 1σ error radius of 0.″3. The brightest one has an absolute magnitude of M

V
≈ −7.0 and shows extended structure. The remaining two sources have absolute magnitudes of M

V
≈ −5.8 and −5.3. The possible spectral types of the candidates from brightest to dimmest were determined as B6–A5, B0–A7, and B2–A3. The counterparts of the X-ray source possibly belong to a young star cluster. Neither the standard disk model nor the slim disk model provides firm evidence to determine the spectral characteristics of ULX X-6. We argue that the mass of the compact object lies in the range 10–15 M
☉, indicating that the compact source is most likely a stellar-mass black hole.
SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF LARGE GRADUAL SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS. II. SYSTEMATIC Q/M DEPENDENCE OF HEAVY ION SPECTRAL BREAKS
Authors: Desai M. I. , Mason G. M. , Dayeh M. A. , Ebert R. W. , McComas D. J. , Li G. , Cohen C. M. S. , Mewaldt R. A. , Schwadron N. A. , Smith C. W. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We fit ∼0.1–500 MeV nucleon−1 H–Fe spectra in 46 large solar energetic particle (SEP) events with the double power-law Band function to obtain a normalization constant, low- and high-energy parameters γ
a and γ
b, and break energy E
B, and derive the low-energy spectral slope γ
1. We find that: (1) γ
a, γ
1, and γ
b are species-independent and the spectra steepen with increasing energy; (2) E
B decreases systematically with decreasing Q/M scaling as (Q/M)
α
; (3) α varies between ∼0.2–3 and is well correlated with the ∼0.16–0.23 MeV nucleon−1 Fe/O; (4) in most events, α < 1.4, γ
b–γ
a > 3, and O E
B increases with γ
b–γ
a; and (5) in many extreme events (associated with faster coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and GLEs), Fe/O and 3He/4He ratios are enriched, α ≥ 1.4, γ
b–γ
a < 3, and E
B decreases with γ
b–γ
a. The species-independence of γ
a, γ
1, and γ
b and the Q/M dependence of E
B within an event and the α values suggest that double power-law SEP spectra occur due to diffusive acceleration by near-Sun CME shocks rather than scattering in interplanetary turbulence. Using γ
1, we infer that the average compression ratio for 33 near-Sun CME shocks is 2.49 ± 0.08. In most events, the Q/M dependence of E
B is consistent with the equal diffusion coefficient condition and the variability in α is driven by differences in the near-shock wave intensity spectra, which are flatter than the Kolmogorov turbulence spectrum but weaker than the spectra for extreme events. In contrast, in extreme events, enhanced wave power enables faster CME shocks to accelerate impulsive suprathermal ions more efficiently than ambient coronal ions.
SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS OF THE FAR-ULTRAVIOLET DUST ATTENUATION CURVE AT z ∼ 3*
Authors: Reddy Naveen A. , Steidel Charles C. , Pettini Max , Bogosavljević Milan 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the first spectroscopic measurements of the shape of the far-ultraviolet (far-UV;

Å) dust attenuation curve at high redshift (

). Our analysis employs rest-frame UV spectra of 933 galaxies at

, 121 of which have very deep spectroscopic observations (

hr) at

, with the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrograph on the Keck Telescope. By using an iterative approach in which we calculate the ratios of composite spectra in different bins of continuum color excess,

, we derive a dust curve that implies a lower attenuation in the far-UV for a given

than those obtained with standard attenuation curves. We demonstrate that the UV composite spectra of

galaxies can be modeled well by assuming our new attenuation curve, a high covering fraction of H i, and absorption from the Lyman–Werner bands of

with a small (

) covering fraction. The low covering fraction of

relative to that of the

and dust suggests that most of the dust in the ISM of typical galaxies at

is unrelated to the catalysis of

, and is associated with other phases of the ISM (i.e., the ionized and neutral gas). The far-UV dust curve implies a factor of

lower dust attenuation of Lyman continuum (ionizing) photons relative to those inferred from the most commonly assumed attenuation curves for L* galaxies at

. Our results may be utilized to assess the degree to which ionizing photons are attenuated in H ii regions or, more generally, in the ionized or low column density (

cm−2) neutral ISM of high-redshift galaxies.
THE CONNECTION BETWEEN REDDENING, GAS COVERING FRACTION, AND THE ESCAPE OF IONIZING RADIATION AT HIGH REDSHIFT∗
Authors: Reddy Naveen A. , Steidel Charles C. , Pettini Max , Bogosavljević Milan , Shapley Alice E. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Using a large sample of spectroscopically confirmed

galaxies, we establish an empirical relationship between reddening (

), neutral gas covering fraction (

), and the escape of ionizing (Lyman continuum, LyC) photons. Our sample includes 933 galaxies at

of which have deep spectroscopic observations (

hr) at

Å with the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrograph on Keck. The high covering fraction of outflowing optically thick

indicated by the composite spectra of these galaxies implies that photoelectric absorption, rather than dust attenuation, dominates the depletion of LyC photons. By modeling the composite spectra as the combination of an unattenuated stellar spectrum including nebular continuum emission with one that is absorbed by

and reddened by a line-of-sight extinction, we derive an empirical relationship between

and

. Galaxies with redder UV continua have larger covering fractions of

characterized by higher line-of-sight extinctions. We develop a model which connects the ionizing escape fraction with

, and which may be used to estimate the ionizing escape fraction for an ensemble of galaxies. Alternatively, direct measurements of the escape fraction for our sample allow us to constrain the intrinsic LyC-to-UV flux density ratio to be

, a value that favors stellar population models that include weaker stellar winds, a flatter initial mass function, and/or binary evolution. Last, we demonstrate how the framework discussed here may be used to assess the pathways by which ionizing radiation escapes from high-redshift galaxies.
RECONCILING THE ORBITAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MARTIAN MOONS
Authors: Ronnet T. , Vernazza P. , Mousis O. , Brugger B. , Beck P. , Devouard B. , Witasse O. , Cipriani F. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The origin of Phobos and Deimos is still an open question. Currently, none of the three proposed scenarios for their origin (intact capture of two distinct outer solar system small bodies, co-accretion with Mars, and accretion within an impact-generated disk) are able to reconcile their orbital and physical properties. Here we investigate the expected mineralogical composition and size of the grains from which the moons once accreted assuming they formed within an impact-generated accretion disk. A comparison of our results with the present-day spectral properties of the moons allows us to conclude that their building blocks cannot originate from a magma phase, thus preventing their formation in the innermost part of the disk. Instead, gas-to-solid condensation of the building blocks in the outer part of an extended gaseous disk is found as a possible formation mechanism as it does allow reproducing both the spectral and physical properties of the moons. Such a scenario may finally reconcile their orbital and physical properties, alleviating the need to invoke an unlikely capture scenario to explain their physical properties.
Editorial núm 18
Authors: Castillo Herrera Beverly 
Published: September 2016

Este número 18 de la REVISTA CIENTIFICA DE FAREM-Estelí, se organiza en dos grandes enfoques científicos: ciencias de la educación, y ciencias económicas. Todos los artículos que aquí se publican provienen de resultados de investigaciones que se han realizado en Nicaragua y a nivel de pregrado y postgrado.
Eigendomsvoorbehoud: de inwerking van een contract op goederenrecht
Authors: Spanjaard J.H.M. 
Published: September 2016

Eigendomsvoorbehoud: de inwerking van een contract op goederenrecht
Eigendomsvoorbehoud is volgens artikel 3:92 BW levering van een zaak onder opschortende voorwaarde van betaling van de koopsom. De Hoge Raad oordeelde in zijn arrest van 3 juni 2016 in de zaak Rabobank/Reuser dat de verkrijger onder eigendomsvoorbehoud de zaak rechtsgeldig kan verpanden voordat de opschortende voorwaarde is vervuld. De pandhouder verkrijgt dan een pandrecht onder opschortende voorwaarde van eigendomsverkrijging door de pandgever. In Engeland stond eigendomsvoorbehoud in the picture in het arrest van het UKSC van 11 mei 2016 in de zaak Res Cogitans. Op een overeenkomst die een eigendomsvoorbehoud bevat en bepaalt dat de gekochte zaak mag worden verbruikt voordat betaling van de koopsom heeft plaatsgevonden, is de Sale of Goods Act niet van toepassing. Beide arresten en hun gevolgen voor de rechtspraktijk worden besproken.
Continuïteit en verandering in het Nederlandse gezinsleven
Authors: Roeters A. , Bucx F. 
Published: September 2016

Continuity and change in Dutch family life. Family types, maternal employment and parent-child time
This article analyses continuity and change in family life in the Netherlands over the last decades. The authors consider three characteristics of families: (1) family types, (2) maternal employment, and (3) parent-child time. Analyses are based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Dutch Time Use Study. The results indicate that there is both continuity and change. Although two married individuals giving care to their children is still the most common family type, alternative family forms have become more popular, including unmarried cohabiting parents and single-parent families. Furthermore, the division of labor is still strongly gendered: Dutch mothers’ participation on the labor market is limited and they still hold the main responsibility for children. Moreover, children are still most likely to grow up in a household with both a father and mother. There are also indicators of change. Maternal employment is much more prevalent than in the 1970s and fathers’ involvement with children increases.
Surgical Specimen Management: A Descriptive Study of 648 Adverse Events and Near Misses
Authors: Steelman Victoria M. , Williams Tamara L. , Szekendi Marilyn K. , Halverson Amy L. , Dintzis Suzanne M. , Pavkovic Stephen 
Published: September 2016

Context.—Surgical specimen adverse events can lead to delays in treatment or diagnosis, misdiagnosis, reoperation, inappropriate treatment, and anxiety or serious patient harm.Objectives.—To describe the types and frequency of event reports associated with the management of surgical specimens, the contributing factors, and the level of harm associated with these events.Design.—A retrospective review was undertaken of surgical specimen adverse events and near misses voluntarily reported in the University HealthSystem Consortium Safety Intelligence Patient Safety Organization database by more than 50 health care facilities during a 3-year period (2011–2013). Event reports that involved surgical specimen management were reviewed for patients undergoing surgery during which tissue or fluid was sent to the pathology department.Results.—Six hundred forty-eight surgical specimen events were reported in all stages of the specimen management process, with the most common events reported during the prelaboratory phase and, specifically, with specimen labeling, collection/preservation, and transport. The most common contributing factors were failures in handoff communication, staff inattention, knowledge deficit, and environmental issues. Eight percent of the events (52 of 648) resulted in either the need for additional treatment or temporary or permanent harm to the patient.Conclusions.—All phases of specimen handling and processing are vulnerable to errors. These results provide a starting point for health care organizations to conduct proactive risk analyses of specimen handling procedures and to design safer processes. Particular attention should be paid to effective communication and handoffs, consistent processes across care areas, and staff training. In addition, organizations should consider the use of technology-based identification and tracking systems.
Effects of a switch from tenofovir‐ to abacavir‐based antiretroviral therapy, with or without atazanavir, on renal function
Authors: Guillemi Silvia A , Ling Sean H , Dahlby Julia S , Yip Benita , Zhang Wendy , Hull Mark W , Lima Viviane Dias , Hogg Robert S , Werb Ronald , Montaner Julio S , Harris Marianne 
Published: September 2016

IntroductionTenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)–associated renal dysfunction may abate when TDF is replaced with abacavir (ABC). The extent to which the third drug atazanavir contributes to renal dysfunction is unclear.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on adults who had plasma viral load (pVL)<200 copies/mL for≥six months while receiving TDF/lamivudine (3TC) – or TDF/emtricitabine (FTC)–based antiretroviral therapy (ART), then switched to ABC/3TC while retaining the third drug in the ART regimen. CD4, pVL, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum phosphorus, urine albumin to creatinine ratio and serum lipids were compared between pre‐switch baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months after the switch to ABC.ResultsA total of 286 patients switched from TDF to ABC between 2004 and 2014: 232 (81%) male, median age 48 years (interquartile range (IQR) 42, 56). The third drug was atazanavir (± ritonavir) in 141 (49%) cases. The pVL was<50 copies/mL in 93 to 96% at all time points. Median serum creatinine was 93 µmol/L (IQR 80–111) at baseline and decreased to 88 µmol/L (IQR 78–98) at 12 months after the switch to ABC. Median eGFR increased from 74 (IQR 60–88) mL/min at baseline to 80 mL/min (IQR 69–89) at 12 months. Results were not significantly different between patients on atazanavir versus those on another third drug.ConclusionsViral suppression was maintained among patients who switched from TDF/3TC or TDF/FTC to ABC/3TC. Serum creatinine and eGFR improved up to 12 months after switching to ABC/3TC, irrespective of whether or not patients were also receiving atazanavir±ritonavir.