bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Electrical Parameters and Cardiac Synchrony in Patients Underwent Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing
Authors: Lin Manxin , Huang Shufen , Huang Xinyi , Guo Jincun , Li Linlin , Chen Simei , Li Guiyang , Li Qiang , Chang Dong , Su Maolong , Cai Binni 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThe study aims to assess cardiac synchrony under different left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) and evaluate the relationship between different surface or intracardiac electrical parameters and mechanical synchrony.MethodsEighty‐two patients with successful LBBAP were recruited. The electrical synchrony, evaluated by paced QRS duration (pQRSD) and Stim‐LVAT (stimulus to left ventricular activation time), and mechanical synchrony, evaluated by the standard deviation of the time‐to‐peak contraction velocity in 12 left ventricular segments (Tsd‐12‐LV), were compared between groups in patients underwent LBBAP. To investigate the relationship between different electrical parameters with mechanical synchrony under LBBAP, patients were divided into subgroups according to left ventricular activation time (LVAT, < 60, 60–70, and > 70 ms), presence of left bundle branch (LBB) potential (positive, negative), QRS axis (normal, left axis deviation [LAD]), and potential to ventricular interval (PVI, < 20 and > 20 ms). Mechanical synchrony was compared among the subgroups respectively 3 days post LBBAP procedure.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were documented in electrical synchrony, evaluated by pQRSD, and mechanical synchrony, evaluated by Tsd‐12‐LV among the subgroups divided by the stim‐LVAT, LBB potential, PVI duration, or paced QRS axis in the LBBAP group.ConclusionsLBB potential, PVI, or normal paced QRS axis is not the prerequisite for successful LBBAP and optimal cardiac synchrony. Adopting a Stim‐LVAT value of less than 75 ms to attain ideal electrical and mechanical synchrony during the LBBAP procedure may be applicable.Trial registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ChiCTR1800021104
Oxyrase‐Mediated Improvement in the Quality and Fertility of Crossbred Boar Spermatozoa During Liquid Storage
Authors: Katiyar Rahul , Chakravarty Himsikha , Deori Sourabh , Singh Mahak , Abedin Sayed Nabil , Rautela Rupali , Khargharia Gautam , Mishra Vinay Kumar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe present experiment was carried out to investigate the role of Oxyrase in preserving the in vitro quality, redox status and in vivo fertility of crossbred boar spermatozoa. A total of 24 ejaculates from 6 crossbred (n = 4 from each boar) boars were collected and extended in Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) in 1:2 ratio and divided into three aliquots. The first aliquot served as a control (without Oxyrase). Rest of the two aliquots were supplemented with 0.125 (T1) and 0.25 IU/mL Oxyrase (T2). Semen samples were preserved at 15°C for 5 days and kinematics of spermatozoa by CASA, semen quality parameters and oxidative stress status were evaluated at 0, 72 and 120 h of storage. The findings of studies revealed that supplementation of Oxyrase at 0.25 IU/mL resulted in higher (p < 0.05) total motility, progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity and functional integrity of plasma membrane at 72 and 120 h in comparison to the control group. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was higher (p < 0.05) at 72 and 120 h, whereas higher (p < 0.05) DNA integrity was observed at 120 h in T2. The lipid peroxidation (LPO) was lower (p < 0.05) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were higher (p < 0.05) in the T2 group at 120 h as compared to control. In vivo fertility trials indicated a higher (p < 0.05) litter size in T2 in comparison to other groups. The study concluded that the inclusion of Oxyrase at 0.25 IU/mL in the extender protects the crossbred boar spermatozoa against oxidative damage and improves the in vivo fertility.
Identification of Candidate Immunodominant Epitopes and Their HLA‐Binding Prediction on BK Polyomavirus Proteins in Healthy Donors
Authors: Lara‐de‐León Ana Gabriela , Mora‐Buch Rut , Cantó Ester , Peña‐Gómez Cleofé , Rudilla Francesc 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBK polyomavirus infection is an important cause of graft loss in transplant patients, however, currently available therapies lack effectiveness against this pathogen. Identification of immunological targets for potential treatments is therefore necessary. The aim of this study was to predict candidates of immunodominant epitopes within four BK virus proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3 and LTA) using PBMCs from 44 healthy donors. We used the ELISpot epitope mapping method to evaluate the T‐cell response, and HLA‐peptide binding was predicted using the NetMHCpan algorithm. A total of 11 potential peptides were selected for VP1, 3 for VP2/VP3 and 13 for LTA. Greater reactivity was observed for VP1 and LTA proteins compared with VP2/VP3. Most of the peptides selected as potential immunodominant candidates were restricted towards several HLA class I and II alleles, with predominant HLA class I binding by computational predictions. Based on these findings, the sequences of the selected immunodominant epitopes candidates and their corresponding HLA restrictions could contribute to the optimisation of functional assays and aid in the design and improvement of immunotherapy strategies against BK virus infections.
A Harmonic Response Topology Optimization Method Based on Hybrid Cellular Automata
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Song Xueguan , Kan Ziyun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hybrid cellular automaton (HCA) method is a topology optimization method with high convergence efficiency. Harmonic response topology optimization problem has been widely researched and common frequency-domain methods have been applied to solve this problem. Despite this, little work has so far been undertaken to utilize the HCA method to improve the calculation efficiency of harmonic response topology optimization. In this article, we present a methodology that applies the HCA method to solve harmonic response topology optimization problem. Mode displacement method (MDM), mode acceleration method (MAM), and full method (FM) are common frequency-domain methods that are utilized as harmonic response analysis methods in this study. The examples under rotating loads demonstrate that feasibility of this methodology at one specific frequency excitation and multiple frequencies excitation. This article presents and implements a high convergence efficiency method for harmonic response topology optimization, and this method can converge in 20–30 iterations. This method can extend the application range of the HCA method and improve the optimization efficiency of harmonic response topology optimization.
Level-Set Method Based Predictive Modeling to Track the Evolution of Surface During Pulsed Laser Surface Melting
Authors: Hijam Justin , Gupta Rohit , Vadali Madhu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the evolution of surface geometry during pulsed laser surface melting (pLSM) via level-set method-based interface tracking numerical framework. Existing models to track surface geometry are inaccurate and computationally expensive. Therefore, they have limited use in gaining understanding of the surface evolution during pLSM. A numerical model, integrating the level-set approach, fluid flow, and heat transfer dynamics, is detailed in this paper. The multi-phase numerical model achieves accurate tracking of interface for a single pulse by implementing the volumetric laser heat source on the moving interface by modifying Beer–Lambert's law. The accuracy of the single pulse model is confirmed by comparing its peak-to-valley height (PVH) to the experimental data. The deviation in PVH is limited to about 15%, with a maximum root mean square error of ∼0.24 µm, highlighting the model's reliability. Additionally, the evolved surface of a single pulse from the model is replicated over an area with dedicated overlaps to generate the predicted textured surface with reasonable accuracy. Some inaccuracies in the predicted surface roughness values were observed because the textures were generated based on a single pulse geometry computed on an initially flat surface. Nonetheless, the results highlight a significant development in numerical frameworks for pLSM and can be used as a tool to gain deeper insights into the process and for process optimization.
Investigation of Electric Grid Decarbonization for Arizona With Solar Photovoltaic
Authors: Nadeem Haider , Milcarek Ryan J. , Stechel Ellen B. , Miller Clark 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Arizona has the highest daily average solar insolation in the United States, with the theoretical capacity to fulfill the electricity consumption of the state and produce excess energy. A solar photovoltaic (PV) energy model is herein developed using the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) insolation data to size solar plants to decarbonize the Arizona power grid. A previous study is used to classify land in Arizona for solar panels according to suitability and the excellent classified land is considered. PV panels are assumed to have a 32-degree tilt facing south, which is calculated to receive the highest annual solar insolation. Monthly electricity consumption data for the state is sourced through the Energy Information Administration (EIA), and PV plants are sized to match the total electric consumption for the month of December. The analysis shows that only ∼0.12% of Arizona’s total land is required to decarbonize the grid and produce 33.23 TWh of excess electrical energy annually, with the bulk of the excess energy generated in the spring and early summer months when consumption decreases, and solar PV generation is high. This excess energy is sufficient to electrify 185% of Arizona’s yearly motor gasoline miles (∼17.9 TWh) and decarbonizing this sector. Similarly, electrification of the state’s heavy transport, which utilizes 95.45 trillion kJs of distillate fuel oil usage, at 0.932 kWh/km required ∼8.45 TWh of electricity and can be decarbonized with the excess energy.
Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of the Cooling Wall in Ultra Supercritical Coal-Fired Generation Plants During Deep Peaking
Authors: Wang Dengliang , Zhao Yongliang , Chen Weixiong , Wang Chaoyang , Yan Junjie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Due to increasingly severe environmental and climate concerns currently, renewable energy is highly penetrated around the world. However, given the intermittency and instability of renewable energy, coal-fired generation plants urgently need to undertake deep peak shaving tasks, resulting in the frequent load cycling transient processes of units. It will have a significant effect on the safe operation of the boiler components, especially for the hydrodynamic instability of cooling wall within the boiler. This paper takes a 1100 MW ultra-supercritical primary reheat coal-fired generation plants as the research object. In accordance with the heating load distribution characteristics of cooling wall, a hydrodynamic characteristic calculation model of cooling wall within the boiler is constructed based on the mass conservation, momentum conservation and energy conservation equations, which introduces numerous empirical correlations available for heat transfer and hydraulic resistance calculation at the same time. The working fluid temperature in the direction of cooling wall height at 100% THA, 75% THA, 50% THA, 40% THA and 30% THA, as well as the metal temperature of the inner, outer and fin tube walls are analyzed. The changes in metal wall temperature of cooling wall under different load cycling rates are obtained during the low load operating range of 50% THA to 30% THA. Ultimate load cycling rates of the coal-fired generation plants without causing the overtemperature issue of cooling wall is obtained. Finally, when the revised fuel supply control strategy is adopted, it is able to significantly reduce the maximum metal wall temperature during the rapid load cycling process. The maximum load cycling rate is increased from 2.5% Pe/min to 3.0% Pe/min for the loading up process.
Dynamic Characteristics and Control Strategy Optimization of a 1000 MW Lignite-Fired Power Unit Integrated With Primary Air Heater
Authors: Li Mengjie , Li Maoliang , Yin Chaoqiang , Liu Ming , Yan Junjie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Lignite is a kind of low rank coals with abundant reserves, and it is cost-effective for power plants. However, the moisture content is about 30% to 60% for the lignite, and the water carried by the raw lignite is dried in the pulverization system, which will consume much energy. Therefore, high temperature should be maintained for the primary air of the lignite-fired power plants, especially when the power plant operates under low power ratio or with low temperature feed air. In this study, a 1000 MW lignite-fired power system integrated with a primary air heater is proposed and analyzed. In the primary air heater, the low temperature reheated steam is extracted from the boiler to heat the primary air after the air preheater. The integration of primary air heater makes the lignite-fired power system be more complex, which will influence the operational flexibility of the power plant. Therefore, dynamic models of steam turbines and the boiler with waste heat recovery system were developed in this study. The transient characteristics of the unit under load cycling conditions and primary frequency modulation processes were analyzed. Then, control strategy of the primary air heater of turbine and boiler were enhanced based on the simulation results. The results show that the temperature of primary air can be increased by 51–69 °C by the additional air preheater, and the primary frequency modulation capacity can be improved by 8 MW at 50% power load ratio during primary frequency modulation process.
Investigation of Propane Micro-Scale Thermal Partial Oxidation for Syngas Production
Authors: Demers Guthrie , Milcarek Ryan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Solid oxide fuel cells have been explored as one method of high efficiency power generation with potential for zero emissions, but challenges remain with fuel flexibility, system integration and reforming. Recent research in micro-scale thermal partial oxidation has shown promise for high fuel flexibility as hydrocarbons are reformed into syngas (i.e., H2 and CO), which can then integrate directly with SOFCs to produce power. In this paper, propane fuel is mixed with air at different equivalence ratios and the partial oxidation reactions are investigated at different reactor wall temperatures and flow rates. This study is completed using a hydrogen burner, which results in a small residence time for the oxidation reaction. Thermal radiation generated from the reaction is captured using a camera and the exhaust gas is analyzed using a gas chromatograph. Mass flow controllers are used to control the volume flow rate of propane and air entering the heated reactor tube. Flame images are used to identify different reaction regimes (weak flame, normal flame, and flame with repetitive extinction and ignition) across the range of selected variables and to create a regime map. Gas chromatograph data is used to track concentrations of different gases such as hydrogen, carbon oxides, and other gases in the exhaust of the reaction. High ethylene concentrations are detected and the implications of this gas are discussed. The results from this study are compared to previous results for syngas production with propane as the fuel with larger residence times. Chemical equilibrium analysis is used to compare propane with other liquid and gaseous fuels for its ability to be used to produce syngas for SOFC applications.
A Comprehensive Introduction of the World First Elevated and Conventional Turbine-Generators Layout Design Double-Reheat Coal-Fired Power Unit
Authors: Feng Weizhong , Li Li , Zhang Jiancheng , Cao Yan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Although theoretically double-reheat units are more efficient than single-reheat ones, the practical application results worldwide show that the efficiency improvement of the conventional double-reheat unit is not obvious, and the cost performance is not outstanding. One of the main reasons is the larger pressure loss, heat dissipation loss and related investment cost caused by the excessively long pipeline, especially the second reheat system. The patented elevated and conventional turbine-generators layout introduced in this paper solves this problem well in principle. By placing the HP and IP1 turbine cylinders on a high platform very close to the boiler outlet headers, the technology can shorten the associated expensive critical pipes by more than 85 percent, which means not only reducing investment, but also eliminating corresponding pressure and heat loss, resulting in higher unit efficiency. At the same time, other patented innovations, such as the Generalized Regeneration technologies, can be combined with double reheats system to further reduce energy losses such as losses in the condenser and improve unit efficiency.
The R&D and integration of these technologies have been applied in the Pingshan Phase 2 1350MW elevated and conventional turbine-generators layout double-reheat unit, a national demonstration project in China. During the design process, the project also encountered challenges such as the stress problem caused by the extremely short but high temperature steam pipe between the elevated turbine and the boiler header, and the overspeed problem of the elevated turbine-generator. Fortunately all of them were well solved through innovative technical means. In addition to the world first elevated and conventional layout design, the project also applies a number of pioneering energy-saving technologies such as primary air Generalized Regeneration technology.
After the project was put into commercial operation, the test results of the third-party test in 2022 shows that the UNE (unit net efficiency) was as high as 49.4% (LHV) under rated conditions, and still as high as 46.8% at 50% load. In addition, the unit achieved safe and environmentally friendly operation in reasonable efficiency under 20% load during commissioning, making it the largest capacity unit to achieve this goal. The unit’s state of the art high efficiency and flexibility make it a new benchmark for worldwide coal-fired units.
Performance Evaluation of Tangentially Fired Boiler Utilizing Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas Fuel
Authors: Pachpute Sharad , Lee Jason 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The effect of hydrogen enriched of natural gaseous fuel from 100% methane to 100% hydrogen firing is numerically investigated for a tangentially fired boiler. The arrangement of gas burners, auxiliary air, closed coupled over-fire air (CCOFA) and separated over-fire air (SOFA) compartments are modeled considering upward, horizontal, and downward burner tilt positions.
A detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of combustible flow from the fuel and air staged burners arranged in five elevations in the furnace has been carried out to evaluate the effect of hydrogen firing on heat transfer profiles and NOx emissions at the furnace exit plane. The results show that the heat absorption in the furnace walls is increased from 6% to 10% and NOx is increased by 15 to 18 times of that of 100% methane firing when firing 100% hydrogen fuel. Higher FEGT and NOx are observed for upward firing compared to horizontal and down firing. The addition of 35% flue gas recirculation into the preheated air decreases the NOx ratio significantly for hydrogen enriched natural gas firing.
Temperature and Positioning Effects of Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst in the Reactor on Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate
Authors: Aktaş Fatih , Burra Kiran G. , Mavukwana Athi-enkosi , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Results are presented on the influence of positioning of spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalyst and reactor temperature in pyrolyzing of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The catalyst bed was modified to be directly mixed with the feedstock bed (in-situ) for a solid-solid contact or separated but kept at the same temperature so that the catalyst encountered only the volatiles released from PET (quasi in-situ). The synthesis gas (syngas) evolved from the pyrolysis of PET was analyzed and compared. For in-situ position of the catalyst at 900 °C, the syngas yield and energy yield increased by 40% and 35%, respectively, as compared to non-catalytic case at 800 °C. In contrast, they were only 20% and 13.3% for the quasi in-situ case. This suggests that PET in-situ catalytic pyrolysis is more efficient and effective than quasi in-situ pyrolysis for increased syngas yield. PET yields had low fixed carbon as shown from proximate analysis and thus its devolatilization provided only a trace amounts of char from pyrolysis. The lack of significant char formation and its possible inhibitive behavior over the catalyst surface allowed for the catalyst’s direct contact to be beneficial, unlike the inhibitive behavior observed during in-situ catalytic pyrolysis for other feedstocks that had substantial fixed carbon. The carbon conversion rates at 800 °C also increased from 44% via non-catalytic pyrolysis to 60% with in-situ catalysis, suggesting the effectiveness of the catalyst. Increase in temperature resulted in increased syngas and energy produced. Catalytic conversion resulted in ∼1 wt.% of the feedstock to thermally stable coke that resulted in plateau of overall pyrolysis gas yields with increase in temperature.
Does sedentary behaviour cause spinal pain in children and adolescents? A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Montgomery Laura R C , Swain Michael , Dario Amabile B , O'Keeffe Mary , Yamato Tie P , Hartvigsen Jan , French Simon , Williams Christopher , Kamper Steve 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether sedentary behaviour is a risk or prognostic factor for spinal pain in children and adolescents. Specifically, to estimate the (1) direction and strength of the association; (2) risk of spinal pain onset and (3) effect on spinal pain prognosis.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesElectronic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science up to 23 March 2023.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesReports estimating the effect of sedentary behaviour on spinal pain in young people (≤19 years).ResultsWe included 129 reports, 14 were longitudinal (n = 8 433) and 115 were cross-sectional (n > 697 590). We incorporated 86 studies into meta-analyses. (1) From cross-sectional data, we found low certainty evidence of a small positive association between sedentary behaviour and spinal pain (adjusted odds ratio 1.25 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.33), k = 44, n > 92 617). (2) From longitudinal data, we found low certainty evidence of no increased risk for the onset of spinal pain due to sedentary behaviour (adjusted risk ratio 1.07 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.35), k = 4, n = 1 292). (3) No studies assessed prognosis.ConclusionCross-sectional data suggest minimally higher odds of spinal pain for children and adolescents who engage in greater sedentary behaviours. However, longitudinal data do not support a causal relationship, indicating that sedentary behaviour does not increase the risk for onset of spinal pain. Due to the low certainty of evidence, these findings must be interpreted with caution. We found no evidence of the effect sedentary behaviour has on spinal pain prognosis in children and adolescents, highlighting a considerable gap in the literature.