bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Periodontal Changes Adjacent to Extraction Sites during Upper Canine Retraction
Authors: Al-Jundi Azzam , Sabbagh Basem Al , Baskaradoss Jagan K 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There is an intimate relationship between orthodontic therapy and the periodontal changes that occur during tooth movement.

Materials and methods
This prospective clinical trial aims at investigating the movement of both the free and attached gingiva, as well as the movement of the alveolar bone in the extraction site of the upper 1st premolars during the retraction of the upper canines. In this study, 17 patients (10 female, 7 male) requiring 1st premolar extraction before orthodontic tooth movement were selected and treated at the Department of Orthodontics in the Faculty of Dentistry in University of Hama, Hama, Syria. The upper 1st premolars were extracted, and the implant AutoTacs were applied on the alveolar bone afterward. Then, measurements between the center of the implant AutoTacs and the L-shape wire were taken, utilizing digital Vernier caliper. After 3 weeks of extraction, tattooing marked points were placed on the free and the attached gingival, and the measurements were taken using the same digital Vernier caliper. Closed coil springs made of nickel-titanium were used to retract the upper canines, and a force of 150 gm was applied.

Results
The results of this study showed significant differences between the movement of both the free and attached gingiva and the movement of the corresponding upper canines (p < 0.001). The movement of the free gingiva had formed about 77% of the amount of the movement of the upper canine retraction. No significant differences were detected between the place of implant AutoTac X1 and the L-shaped wire (W) during the retraction of the upper canine. On the contrary, significant differences were noticed between the place of implant AutoTac X2 and the L-shaped wire (W) during the retraction of the upper canine (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
There is significant movement of hard and soft tissues during and after premolar extraction and orthodontic therapy.

Clinical significance
The movement of supporting tissues of the teeth along with the alveolar bone during canine retraction is an important biological characteristic of the orthodontic tooth movement. Clinicians need to understand the role and importance of the supporting tissues during orthodontic treatment, which needs to be incorporated into their routine clinical evaluations.

How to cite this article
Al-Jundi A, Al Sabbagh B, Baskaradoss JK. Evaluation of Periodontal Changes Adjacent to Extraction Sites during Upper Canine Retraction. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(2):117-125.
Child Abuse and Neglect: Do We know enough? A Cross-sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Dentists regarding Child Abuse and Neglect in Pune, India
Authors: Malpani Suruchi , Arora Jatin , Diwaker Gunjeeta , Kaleka Priyajeet Kaur , Parey Aditi , Bontala Parinita 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant global problem with a serious impact on the victims throughout their lives. Dentists have the unique opportunity to address this problem. However, reporting such cases has become a sensitive issue due to the uncertainty of the diagnosis. The authors are testing the knowledge of the dentists toward CAN and also trying to question the efforts of the educational institutions to improve this knowledge for the better future of the younger generation.

Materials and methods
Questionnaire data were distributed to 1,106 members regarding their knowledge, professional responsibilities, and behavior concerning child abuse.

Results
There were 762 responses to the questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 68.9%. Although dentists consider themselves able to identify suspicious cases, only a small percentage of the participants correctly identified all signs of abuse and 76.8% knew the indicators of child abuse. Most of them were willing to get involved in detecting a case and about 90% believed that it is their ethical duty to report child abuse. Only 7.2% suspected an abuse case in the past. The numbers indicate a lack of awareness about CAN in these participants. No differences were observed between sexes, year of graduation, types of license, frequency at which children were treated, and formal training already received.

Conclusion
A large proportion of child physical abuse cases go undocumented and unreported. The data showed that not all dental care providers and students were prepared to fulfill their legal and professional responsibilities in these situations.

Clinical significance
There should be modifications in the dental school curriculum focusing on educational experiences regarding child abuse to strengthen their capability to care and protect children.

How to cite this article
Malpani S, Arora J, Diwaker G, Kaleka PK, Parey A, Bontala P. Child Abuse and Neglect: Do We know enough? A Cross-sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Dentists regarding Child Abuse and Neglect in Pune, India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(2):162-169.
Prehospital Trauma Care
Authors: Sharma SM 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
The global human population is spread all over the world, but cities, towns, and large villages have dense concentrations of human inhabitation. The inhabitants of cities and towns do have easy and satisfactory access for the management of traumatized patients. However, trauma victims in remote and distant regions, generally, do not have ambulance services or treatment centers nearby to deal effectively with injuries. Even on highways, at accident sites, the injured may succumb to the injuries due to delay in rescue and nonavailability of vital basic life support compounded by delay in transportation of the patient to appropriate hospital or dedicated trauma center. Other factors which add to mortality are nonavailability of trained and experienced personnel at the accident site, inadequate and improper resuscitation during transportation, and referral to a hospital ill-equipped to treat traumatized patients. Trauma is the leading cause of death for patients in their first four decades of life. Prehospital trauma care to save life has not received the necessary attention in developing world due to diverse reasons, including lack of trained staff, inadequate funding, lack of awareness, ignorance, lack of will, and unpredictability of occurrence of accidents. Trauma management remains neglected in third world countries; however, the developed countries have made continuous efforts to save lives of traumatized patients by systematized prehospital care at the site of accident, rescue, and extrication of victims, rendering lifesaving resuscitation on the spot and quick and safe evacuation of the patients to trauma centers by surface and air ambulances depending upon the terrain and distance of the site of occurrence from hospital with continuous monitoring of the patient onboard. Prehospital trauma care needs focused attention to evolve a system and institutions which would impart care to the wounded inclusive of rescue, resuscitation, stabilization of vital parameters, and safe transportation to a dedicated hospital to save life and prevent morbidity.

How to cite this article
Sharma SM. Prehospital Trauma Care. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(4):158-163.
Impact of pH regulation on multicopper oxidase production and swarming motility in the bacterium Proteus hauseri ZMd44
Authors: Su Chang , Chen Zhiyang , Ng I‐Son 
Published: February 2017

AbstractProteus hauseri ZMd44, a biodecolorizing bacterium, has been known to produce electricity and multicopper oxidase (Mco‐laccase) under copper induction. However, optimization and regulation of production have not been explored. This study is the first attempt to evaluate several parameters on biomass and Mco‐laccase production of P. hauseri ZMd44. Through orthogonal experiments with Taguchi's L9, it was found that P. hauseri ZMd44 was sensitive to pH value. The cells grew relatively quickly at pH 7, thus the biomass and Mco‐laccase production reached 1.66 g/L and 1043.6 U/L, respectively. Higher pH values also influenced the swarming motility, which is an important characteristic of P. hauseri ZMd44 that affects urinary tract infection. The swarming circle and the diameter of the swarm, represented by the motility velocity, were found to be more controlled after 24 h of growth at pH 6. The swarming ability of P. hauseri was completely inhibited by the addition of 3 mM copper or zinc ions. Therefore, the Mco‐laccase and swarming motility could be controlled by regulating pH and ion content.
Über den Drehwert Einblicke in die Solvathülle gewinnen
Authors: Merten Christian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDer optische Drehwert einer chiralen Verbindung ist mehr als nur eine Konstante. Wie andere physikalische Eigenschaften auch ist der Drehwert abhängig von den Bedingungen, unter denen er gemessen wird. Am Beispiel von Propylenoxid wurde gezeigt, dass diese vermeintlich einfache molekulare Eigenschaft im Experiment durch das Verhalten des Lösungsmittels in seiner Umgebung stark verfälscht werden kann. Besonders die chirale Anordnung der Solvathülle hat hierbei einen substantiellen Anteil am experimentell gemessenen Drehwert.
Double‐Immunodiffusion Assay for Detecting Specific Antibodies (Ouchterlony)
Authors: Hornbeck Peter 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe method first described by Ouchterlony in 1948 is a classic and simple technique that permits evaluation and comparison of antibodies in animal or human sera directed against protein or complex carbohydrate antigens. It is a low‐tech procedure that may provide information on the relative quantity of antibody activity and the nature of the antigenic epitopes in different preparations. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isotype Determination of Antibodies
Authors: Hornbeck Peter , Fleisher Thomas A. , Papadopoulos Nicholas M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOn identifying a new monoclonal antibody, or in characterizing antibodies in sera evoked by disease or immunization, it is particularly informative to determine the serological class of the antibodies. The serological class of the protein is determined by the structure of the antibody constant region. Several methods of class or isotype determination are outlined in this unit: sandwich ELISA, electrophoresis, and immunofixation, or use of a variety of commercially available kits. Different purification schemes and approaches for enzymatic fragmentation of the antibodies depend on the class or isotype of the antibody, so this information streamlines these processes. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assays for Acetylation and Other Acylations of Lysine Residues
Authors: Pelletier Nadine , Grégoire Serge , Yang Xiang‐Jiao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLysine acetylation refers to addition of an acetyl moiety to the epsilon‐amino group of a lysine residue and is important for regulating protein functions in various organisms from bacteria to humans. This is a reversible and precisely controlled covalent modification that either serves as an on/off switch or participates in a codified manner with other post‐translational modifications to regulate different cellular and developmental processes in normal and pathological states. This unit describes methods for in vitro and in vivo determination of lysine acetylation. Such methods can be easily extended for analysis of other acylations (such as propionylation, butyrylation, crotonylation, and succinylation) that are also present in histones and many other proteins. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Efficient Generation of Cardiac Purkinje‐like Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells by Activating cAMP Signaling
Authors: Tsai Su‐Yi , Chen Shuibing , Evans Todd 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStrategies to derive cardiac conduction system (CCS) cells including Purkinje cells (PC) would facilitate models for mechanistic studies and drug discovery, and also provide new cellular materials for regenerative therapies. However, using current cardiac differentiation protocols, the differentiation efficiency of CCS cells is extremely low, typically below 1% of the culture. High‐throughput chemical screening is a powerful strategy for identifying small molecules that can activate signaling pathways to enhance embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. We describe how to carry out a high‐ throughput screen to identify small molecules that can efficiently promote CCS generation from mouse ESCs. We also describe several assays, including immunofluorescence staining, electrophysiology, FACS analysis and quantitative real‐ time PCR, to characterize the phenotype of ESC‐derived PC. In summary, we describe an efficient way to identify small molecules that enhance cardiac PC generation. These protocols can be adapted to identify other rare cell lineages by directed differentiation from ESCs. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Amphibians in forest pools: Does habitat clustering affect community diversity and dynamics?
Authors: Van Dyke Fred , Berthel Allison , Harju Seth M. , Lamb Rachel L. , Thompson Dan , Ryan Julia , Pyne Erin , Dreyer Gwyneth 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHydrologically isolated forest pools, both vernal and permanent, are receiving increased attention in conservation because they often provide fishless habitats for forest‐dwelling amphibians, reducing risk of predation to eggs and larvae. However, clarifying conservation value of such pools requires determination of whether the species they contribute to local biodiversity are unique or also present in other nearby wetlands such as freshwater marshes. We compared composition of amphibian communities in clustered pools to that of both spatially isolated pools and freshwater marshes in Illinois (USA) from 2008 to 2010 to determine (1) effects of clustering on community structure, species richness, and occupancy dynamics; (2) unique contributions of forest pools (six clustered and three isolated pools) to amphibian diversity compared to marshes (n = 6); and (3) species‐specific probabilities of occupancy by wetland type. Amphibian communities differed among wetland categories, with community similarity in the same year reduced 38% by differences between marshes, clustered pools, and isolated pools. Species richness was similar in clustered pools and marshes, but lower in isolated pools. Clustered pools contributed more species (n = 10) than marshes (n = 7) or isolated pools (n = 4). Anuran species had higher probability of greater relative abundance and salamanders had greater probability of encounter at clustered pools than at isolated pools, and probabilities of species‐specific site occupancy were lowest at isolated pools. Wildlife managers in Midwest USA can better understand species‐specific occupancy dynamics of amphibians in different wetland categories through this analysis and can optimize local amphibian species richness through conservation of clusters of forest pools.
Cerebellar contributions to biological motion perception in autism and typical development
Authors: Jack Allison , Keifer Cara M. , Pelphrey Kevin A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that posterior cerebellar lobe contributes to social perception in healthy adults. However, they know little about how this process varies across age and with development. Using cross‐sectional fMRI data, they examined cerebellar response to biological (BIO) versus scrambled (SCRAM) motion within typically developing (TD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) samples (age 4–30 years old), characterizing cerebellar response and BIO > SCRAM‐selective effective connectivity, as well as associations with age and social ability. TD individuals recruited regions throughout cerebellar posterior lobe during BIO > SCRAM, especially bilateral lobule VI, and demonstrated connectivity with right posterior superior temporal sulcus (RpSTS) in left VI, Crus I/II, and VIIIb. ASD individuals showed BIO > SCRAM activity in left VI and left Crus I/II, and bilateral connectivity with RpSTS in Crus I/II and VIIIb/IX. No between‐group differences emerged in well‐matched subsamples. Among TD individuals, older age predicted greater BIO > SCRAM response in left VIIb and left VIIIa/b, but reduced connectivity between RpSTS and widespread regions of the right cerebellum. In ASD, older age predicted greater response in left Crus I and bilateral Crus II, but decreased effective connectivity with RpSTS in bilateral Crus I/II. In ASD, increased BIO > SCRAM signal in left VI/Crus I and right Crus II, VIIb, and dentate predicted lower social symptomaticity; increased effective connectivity with RpSTS in right Crus I/II and bilateral VI and I–V predicted greater symptomaticity. These data suggest that posterior cerebellum contributes to the neurodevelopment of social perception in both basic and clinical populations. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1914–1932, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility study for evaluating early lumbar facet joint degeneration using axial T1ρ, T2, and mapping in cartilage
Authors: Hu Jianzhong , Zhang Yi , Duan Chunyue , Peng Xianjing , Hu Ping , Lu Hongbin 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo assess the feasibility of axial T2,
, and T1ρ mapping of lumbar facet joint (LFJ) cartilage for evaluation of early degeneration.Materials and MethodsWe examined a total of 176 LFJs from 21 volunteers using axial T2,
, and T1ρ mapping with a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. All LFJs were measured and grouped according to the presence of low back pain (LBP), the Weishaupt grading system, and the Pfirrmann grade of the adjacent intervertebral disk (IVD). T2,
, and T1ρ values were analyzed and compared among the different groups.ResultsLow interobserver agreement was found in the Weishaupt grading of LFJs (κ = 0.161). The T1ρ values of LFJs were significantly different between adjacent two Pfirrmann grade of disks (grade I 50.15 ± 3.63 msec / grade II 53.27 ± 3.80 msec, P = 0.002; grade II 53.27 ± 3.80 msec / grade III 58.40 ± 4.17 msec, P < 0.01), and in different Weishaupt grades of LFJs (P = 0.000).
values were only found significantly different between Pfirrmann grade I and III of disks (P = 0.048). There was no significant difference in T2 values of LFJs whatever in Pfirrmann (P = 0.556) or Weishaupt grades (P = 0.694). No significant difference was found in T2,
, and T1ρ values between volunteers with LBP and without LBP (PT2 = 0.783,
, PT1ρ = 0.259).ConclusionAxial T1ρ could be an effective and sensitive method to assess for early degenerative changes in LFJ cartilage.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:468–475
Native T1 value in the remote myocardium is independently associated with left ventricular dysfunction in patients with prior myocardial infarction
Authors: Nakamori Shiro , Alakbarli Javid , Bellm Steven , Motiwala Shweta R. , Addae Gifty , Manning Warren J. , Nezafat Reza 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo compare remote myocardium native T1 in patients with chronic myocardial infarction (MI) and controls without MI and to elucidate the relationship of infarct size and native T1 in the remote myocardium for the prediction of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction after MI.Materials and MethodsA total of 41 chronic MI (18 anterior MI) patients and 15 age‐matched volunteers with normal LV systolic function and no history of MI underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5T. Native T1 map was performed using a slice interleaved T1 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging. Cine MR was acquired to assess LV function and mass.ResultsThe remote myocardium native T1 time was significantly elevated in patients with prior MI, compared to controls, for both anterior MI and nonanterior MI (anterior MI: 1099 ± 30, nonanterior MI: 1097 ± 39, controls: 1068 ± 25 msec, P < 0.05). Remote myocardium native T1 moderately correlated with LV volume, mass index, and ejection fraction (r = 0.38, 0.50, –0.49, respectively, all P < 0.05). LGE infarct size had a moderate correlation with reduced LV ejection fraction (r = –0.33, P < 0.05), but there was no significant association between native T1 and infarct size. Native T1 time in the remote myocardium was independently associated with reduced LV ejection fraction, after adjusting for age, gender, infarct size, and comorbidity (β = –0.34, P = 0.03).ConclusionIn chronic MI, the severity of LV systolic dysfunction after MI is independently associated with native T1 in the remote myocardium. Diffuse myocardial fibrosis in the remote myocardium may play an important pathophysiological role of post‐MI LV dysfunction.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1073–1081.
Biochemical markers of cartilage metabolism are associated with walking biomechanics 6‐months following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Pietrosimone Brian , Loeser Richard F. , Blackburn J. Troy , Padua Darin A. , Harkey Matthew S. , Stanley Laura E. , Luc‐Harkey Brittney A. , Ulici Veronica , Marshall Stephen W. , Jordan Joanne M. , Spang Jeffery T. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe purpose of our study was to determine the association between biomechanical outcomes of walking gait (peak vertical ground reaction force [vGRF], vGRF loading rate [vGRF‐LR], and knee adduction moment [KAM]) 6 months following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and biochemical markers of serum type‐II collagen turnover (collagen type‐II cleavage product to collagen type‐II C‐propeptide [C2C:CPII]), plasma degenerative enzymes (matrix metalloproteinase‐3 [MMP‐3]), and a pro‐inflammatory cytokine (interleukin‐6 [IL‐6]). Biochemical markers were evaluated within the first 2 weeks (6.5 ± 3.8 days) following ACL injury and again 6 months following ACLR in eighteen participants. All peak biomechanical outcomes were extracted from the first 50% of the stance phase of walking gait during a 6‐month follow‐up exam. Limb symmetry indices (LSI) were used to normalize the biomechanical outcomes in the ACLR limb to that of the contralateral limb (ACLR/contralateral). Bivariate correlations were used to assess associations between biomechanical and biochemical outcomes. Greater plasma MMP‐3 concentrations after ACL injury and at the 6‐month follow‐up exam were associated with lesser KAM LSI. Lesser KAM was associated with greater plasma IL‐6 at the 6‐month follow‐up exam. Similarly, lesser vGRF‐LR LSI was associated with greater plasma MMP‐3 concentrations at the 6‐month follow‐up exam. Lesser peak vGRF LSI was associated with higher C2C:CPII after ACL injury, yet this association was not significant after accounting for walking speed. Therefore, lesser biomechanical loading in the ACLR limb, compared to the contralateral limb, 6 months following ACLR may be related to deleterious joint tissue metabolism that could influence future cartilage breakdown. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2288–2297, 2017.