bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of subdural blood products in extremely premature infants with no history of abusive head trauma, studied by magnetic resonance imaging around term-equivalent age
Authors: Fossmark Maria Olsen , Bakøy Hannah , Songstad Nils Thomas , Köhler Thorsten , Avenarius Derk , Aukland Stein Magnus , Rosendahl Karen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Prematurity and enlarged subarachnoid spaces are both hypothesised to represent an increased risk of subdural haemorrhages (SDHs) in infancy, both with and without a history of abuse.

Objective
To examine the prevalence of a previous haemorrhage, particularly SDHs, in infants born extremely prematurely around term-equivalent age; to examine intra- and inter-observer agreement for identification of haemorrhages; and to examine the width of the subarachnoid spaces.

Materials and methods
A total of 121 extremely premature infants had cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed around term-equivalent age (mean chronological age 14.7 weeks, range 10.3–24.0 weeks). There were no infants investigated for abuse in our cohort. Intracranial haemorrhages were classified as isolated germinal matrix-haemorrhages, parenchymal haemorrhages (cerebellar- and cerebral haemorrhages), or extra-axial haemorrhages (subarachnoid haemorrhages, SDHs, or epidural haemorrhages). Sinocortical width and interhemispheric distance were measured.

Results
No appreciable SDH was detected with the performed sequences. Haemorrhage/blood products related to prematurity were seen in 60 (49.5%) of the neonates. Agreement was good to very good for identification of haemorrhage. The mean sinocortical width was 3.5 mm with a standard deviation (SD) of 1.4 mm on the right side and 3.3 mm (SD 1.2 mm) on the left side. The mean interhemispheric distance was 3.1 mm (SD 1.1 mm). 61.1% of the infants had a sinocortical width > 3 mm on one or both sides.

Conclusion
Our study does not support the hypothesis that premature infants are more prone to SDH unrelated to abusive head trauma during the first 3–4 months of life. A large percentage of the ex-premature infants had prominent subarachnoid spaces.

Graphical Abstract
Die AMG-Novelle von 1964
Authors: Gerst Christoph , Ahmed Raees 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag nimmt eine wegweisende Änderung in der bundesdeutschen Gesetzgebung zur Einführung
neuer Arzneimittel in den Blick. Es wird die Genese der als “Contergan-Novelle” bekannten Änderungen
zum Arzneimittelgesetz (AMG) von 1964 beschrieben. Dabei setzt sich der Artikel kritisch mit der Selbstzuschreibung
und Rezeption als Reaktion auf den Contergan-Skandal auseinander und kann zeigen, dass es den am Gesetzgebungsverfahren
Beteiligten nicht vorrangig um die Verhinderung eines weiteren Skandals ging. Daran anknüpfend werden
die in §21 des AMG von 1961 neu eingefügten Absätze (1a) und (1b) über die Registrierung
von Arzneimitteln benannt, bewertet und in die Entwicklung der rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen von klinischen
Studien eingeordnet.
A systematic review of ENT retractions
Authors: Di Traglia Rosalind , Dunne Henry , Tysome James , Smith Matthew E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Retraction is the removal of published material due to flaws in research that cannot be corrected. Our aim was to perform a systematic review of all retracted literature in Ear Nose and Throat to understand the characteristics of retraction and the citations of retracted literature.

Methods
The Retraction Watch, EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were systematically searched to yield relevant retractions. Two independent authors performed abstract and full-text screening. Non-relevant texts, articles in non-English languages, and articles that were neither published (protocols) or retracted (expression of concern) were excluded.

Results
We found 225 retractions in Ear Nose and Throat literature from 1992 to 2023. The number of retractions increased with time, and the average time-to-retraction was 1 year (range 0–29). Most articles were retracted due to misconduct (72%). In total, 191/225 of retractions were signposted with a retraction notice; 90.6% of notices were linked to the original manuscript; 96.9% specified the reason for retraction and 100% were freely accessible. Publications were cited more after retraction (median 2, range 0–215 vs median 0, range 0–78, Z –1.78, p = 0.075), however this was not significant, and appeared to improve with a shorter retraction time (RS 0.67, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Retractions, although rare, are increasing across all scientific disciplines. Our data suggests that retractions are both efficiently and transparently publicised in the Ear Nose and Throat Literature. Investigators should be veracious when conducting their own research and regularly appraise manuscripts to ensure that misinformation is not perpetuated, remaining aware that retracted articles continue to be cited.
Rectal stenosis after circular mechanical anastomosis; the influence of stapler size
Authors: Llorach-Perucho Núria , Cayetano-Paniagua Ladislao , Esteve-Monja Pau , Garcia-Nalda Albert , Bargalló Josep , Serra-Aracil Xavier 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The incidence of benign anastomotic stenosis (BAS) after radical surgery for rectal cancer ranges from 2 to 30%. There are few data regarding the factors related to its occurrence. One of these factors is the diameter of the circular mechanical staplers (CMS) used.

Methods
Observational study with prospective data recording of consecutive patients with non-disseminated rectal cancer operated on at two hospitals with special dedication to rectal cancer. Patients underwent low anterior resection (LAR) of the rectum with colorectal anastomosis created using CMS of diameters of either 28–29 or 31–33 mm. The primary endpoint was BAS. Secondary variables were demographic and patient-dependent data, and preoperative, intraoperative, immediate postoperative and mid-term data. The incidence of BAS was compared in the groups in which the different stapler diameters were used.

Results
Between 2012 and 2022, 239 patients were included. BAS was recorded in 39 (16.3%). In the analysis of factors related to its occurrence, the only significant variable was stapler diameter (p = 0.002, 95% CI 7.27–23.53), since rates of BAS were lower in the 31–33 mm group. Similarly, in the logistic regression analysis, stapler size was not associated with postoperative complications or anastomotic dehiscence (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.2–10.5). Comparing stapler groups, BAS was detected in 35 of 165 patients (21%) in the 28–29 mm group but in only four out of 74 (5.6%) in the 31–33 mm group (p = 0.002, 95% CI 7.27–23.53). Ileostomy closure took longer and was less frequent in the 28–29 mm group.

Conclusions
The rate of BAS after LAR was not negligible, since it was recorded in 39 of 239 patients (16.3%). The use of a 31–33 mm CMS was associated with a lower incidence of BAS. Therefore, the use of larger staplers is tentatively recommended; however, clinical trials are now required to confirm these results.

Graphical abstract
Bioreceptors’ immobilization by hydrogen bonding interactions and differential pulse voltammetry for completely label-free electrochemical biosensors
Authors: López-Marzo Adaris , Mas-Torrent Marta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLabel-free electrochemical biosensors show great potential for the development of point-of-care devices (POCDs) for environmental and clinical applications. These sensors operate with shorter analysis times and are more economic than the labelled ones. Here, four completely label-free biosensors without electron transfer mediators were developed for hepatitis B virus (HBV) detection. The approach consisted in (i) the modification of gold surfaces with cysteamine (CT) or cysteine (CS) linkers, (ii) the subsequent antibody (Ab) immobilization, either directly by hydrogen bonding (HB) interactions or by covalent bonds (CB) using additional reagents, and (iii) measuring the biosensor response by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrode surfaces at each stage of the modification process were characterised by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The combination of Ab immobilization by HB with the DPV analysis displayed improved repeatability, lower interference to serum matrix and similar limits of detection and quantification than the traditional biosensors that immobilize the Ab via CB and use EIS as readout technique. The Ab immobilization by HB is shown as a simple, efficient and low-cost alternative to CB ones, while DPV was faster and showed better performance than EIS. The CT-HB biosensor displayed the lowest limits of detection and quantification of 0.14 and 0.46 ng/mL, respectively, a 0.46–12.5 ng/mL linear analytical range, and 100% of recovery for 1/10 human serum media during HBV surface antigen detection by DPV. Even, it preserved the initial sensing capability after 7 days of its fabrication.
Graphical abstract
Kinetic analysis of D-Alanine upon oral intake in humans
Authors: Kimura Tomonori , Sakai Shinsuke , Horio Masaru , Takahara Shiro , Ishigo Shoto , Nakane Maiko , Negishi Eiichi , Imoto Hiroshi , Mita Masashi , Hamase Kenji , Higa-Maekawa Yoko , Kakuta Yoichi , Mizui Masayuki , Isaka Yoshitaka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractD-Alanine, a rare enantiomer of alanine, can potentially alleviate the worsening of viral infections and maintain circadian rhythm. This study aimed to analyze the kinetics of D-Alanine upon oral intake. Five healthy volunteers were administered D-Alanine as a single oral dose at 11,236 or 33,708 µmoL (1–3 g). Upon intake of the lower dose, the plasma level of D-Alanine reached its peak concentration of 588.4 ± 40.9 µM with a peak time of 0.60 ± 0.06 h. The compartment model estimated the clearance of D-Alanine at 12.5 ± 0.3 L/h, or 208 ± 5 mL/min, distribution volume of 8.3 ± 0.7 L and half-life of 0.46 ± 0.04 h, suggesting a rapid clearance of D-Alanine. The peak concentration and area under the curve increased proportionally upon intake of the higher dose, while the clearance, distribution volume and half-life did not. The urinary ratio of D-Alanine per sum of D- and L-Alanine reached its peak of nearly 100%, followed by a slow decline. The peak time of the urinary ratio was 1.15 ± 0.15 h, showing a time lag of blood to urine excretion. Fractional excretion, a ratio of the clearance of a substance per a standard molecule in kidney, of D-Alanine increased from 14.0 ± 5.8% to 64.5 ± 10.3%; the latter corresponded to the urinary clearance of D-Alanine as about 77 mL/min for an adult, with a peak time of 1.90 ± 0.56 h. D-Alanine was quickly absorbed and appeared in blood, followed by urinary excretion. This kinetic analysis increases our fundamental knowledge of the oral intake of D-Alanine for the chronic dosing.Trial number: #UMIN000050865.Date of registration: 2023/6/30.
Reduction of CO2 emissions by recycling low-potential heat from the Benfield CO2 removal process at a natural gas hydrogen production plant
Authors: Hajduga Dawid , Chmielarz Lucjan , Bugdol Marek 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The EU policies related to CO2 emission strictly define the stages of carbon neutrality achieving. According to these regulations, all production installations that emit carbon dioxide will be charged additional emission fees from 2026 to fully in 2035. Analysis of the increasing emission fees shows that in some industries incurring such additional costs will result in a lack of profitability of the products. Industries directly related to the food sector, such as nitrogen fertiliser production, are strategic in the economies of all countries. Nitrogen fertilisers are produced from ammonia, which is synthesised on a large scale from hydrogen and nitrogen. Hydrogen is produced by natural gas reforming with water vapour resulting in syngas (mixture of H2, CO, CO2, H2O), which CO in the next step reacts with water vapour (water gas shift reaction) producing H2 and CO2. CO2 is separated from hydrogen using the Benfield method. The analysis of the Benfield process (one process of hydrogen production) shows a possible way to reduce CO2 emission by optimising heat balance. It was shown that in the proposed technology the heat recovery reaches 89%, while the level below 30% was reported for other available technologies. The proposed solution is based on recirculation and reuse of heat, which is lost in other technologies. The analysis is for a process balance in a medium-sized hydrogen production installation. The analysis considers also the correlations with other installations thermally linked to hydrogen production. The economic balance showed the great financial benefits of this solution. In the scenario discussed, the CO2 emission factor was reduced by 20%.

Graphical Abstract
Choices under uncertainty and the investment horizon
Authors: Levy Haim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMean–Variance (M–V) is the most popular investment rule employed by both practitioners and researches. For a short-planned investment horizon, this rule generally conforms with expected utility paradigm. However, for a relatively long horizon, generally more than one year, the distributions of returns become positively skewed, hence the M–V rule loses ground. As the horizon increases, by the M–V rule one needs (mistakenly) to increase the weight of bonds in the stock–bond portfolio, e.g., almost 100% in bonds for a 30-year horizon. Expected utility maximization recommending almost 100% in stocks for long horizons. This, gap is of crucial importance, because life expectancy is increasing, implying longer investment horizons. For long horizons the mean–coefficient-of-variance rule conforms with expected utility, as the distributions are close to log-normal. For intermediate horizons one should employ stochastic dominance or direct expected utility maximization.
Myocardial extracellular volume measurement using cardiac computed tomography
Authors: Muthalaly Rahul G. , Abrahams Timothy , Lin Andrew , Patel Kush , Tan Sean , Dey Damini , Han Donghee , Tamarappoo Balaji K. , Nicholls Stephen J. , Nerlekar Nitesh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMyocardial fibrosis is a common endpoint of many cardiac diseases and increasingly recognized as a predictor of heart failure, arrhythmia, and death. Recent studies have utilised cardiac computed tomography (CT) scans with delayed phase imaging to quantify diffuse fibrosis of the myocardium. CT extracellular volume (CT-ECV) measurement correlates well with CMR and histological myocardial fibrosis. Furthermore, CT-ECV predicts outcomes such as death, heart failure and arrhythmia in various disease states. This review summarizes the rationale and methodology behind CT-ECV measurement and provides a detailed summary of the current clinical evidence for the use of CT-ECV.
Formation of core–shell structures and viscous fingering in cellulose beads regenerated from [DBNH][OAc]/DMSO
Authors: Leskinen Matti , Mirzaei Zeynab , Kemell Marianna , Kilpeläinen Ilkka , Aseyev Vladimir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSuperbase Ionic Liquids (SBILs) are efficient direct-dissolution solvents for cellulose and have found applications such as manufacturing of man-made textile fibers. In this study cellulose beads were prepared from microcrystalline cellulose dissolved in a mixture of SBIL 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate with dimethyl sulfoxide, [DBNH][OAc]/DMSO, by drop-wise regeneration using water as an antisolvent. This resulted in cellulose regeneration by spinodal decomposition phase separation. The cross-sections of freeze-dried beads were thoroughly investigated using SEM, revealing a complex internal bead structure. Special attention was paid to structures resulting from the inwards moving regeneration front, where the solvent and antisolvent interdiffuse in opposite directions. The phase boundary at the regeneration front showed evidence of Saffman–Taylor instability, i.e., viscous fingering. Altering the diffusion environment surrounding the bead during regeneration resulted in nested layers of cores and shells. The number and placement of the core–shell separations was regulated by the number of transfers between two antisolvent baths and the duration of alternating periods of fast and slow interdiffusion of water and [DBNH][OAc]/DMSO through the bead perimeter.
Graphical abstract
Testing the accuracy of low-beam-energy electron-excited X-ray microanalysis with energy-dispersive spectrometry
Authors: Newbury Dale E. , Ritchie Nicholas W. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe accuracy of electron-excited X-ray microanalysis with energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) has been tested in the low beam energy range, specifically at an incident beam energy of 5 keV, which is the lowest beam energy for which a useful characteristic X-ray peak can be excited for all elements of the periodic table, excepting H and He. Elemental analysis results are reported for certified reference materials (CRM), stoichiometric compounds, minerals, and metal alloys of independently known or measured composition which had microscopic homogeneity suitable for microanalysis. Two-hundred sixty-three concentration measurements for 39 elements in 113 materials were determined following the k-ratio protocol and using the EDS analytical software NIST DTSA-II. The accuracy of the results, as characterized by the relative deviation from expected value (RDEV) metric, was such that more than 98% of the results were found to be captured within a range of ±5% RDEV, while 82% of the results fell in the range -2% to 2% RDEV.
Semantic Segmentation of CT Liver Structures: A Systematic Review of Recent Trends and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Delmoral Jessica C. , R.S. Tavares João Manuel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the segmentation of liver structures in medical images has become a popular research focus in the past half-decade. The performance of AI tools in screening for this task may vary widely and has been tested in the literature in various datasets. However, no scientometric report has provided a systematic overview of this scientific area. This article presents a systematic and bibliometric review of recent advances in neuronal network modeling approaches, mainly of deep learning, to outline the multiple research directions of the field in terms of algorithmic features. Therefore, a detailed systematic review of the most relevant publications addressing fully automatic semantic segmenting liver structures in Computed Tomography (CT) images in terms of algorithm modeling objective, performance benchmark, and model complexity is provided. The review suggests that fully automatic hybrid 2D and 3D networks are the top performers in the semantic segmentation of the liver. In the case of liver tumor and vasculature segmentation, fully automatic generative approaches perform best. However, the reported performance benchmark indicates that there is still much to be improved in segmenting such small structures in high-resolution abdominal CT scans.
Kinematic rupture modeling of broadband ground motion from the 2022 MS6.9 Menyuan earthquake
Authors: Wu Mengtao , Yang Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe propose a novel kinematic rupture modeling procedure for synthesizing broadband ground motions derived from the frequency-wavenumber integration algorithm. This procedure addresses two key issues in characterizing the rupture processes relevant to broadband seismic radiation: an accurate Green's function and a well-constrained kinematic source model. For the first issue, we derive the theoretical Green's function based on an improved dynamic stiffness matrix approach that effectively handles wave propagation in a 1D crustal velocity structure across a broad frequency band. For the second issue, we generate the hybrid source model that combines asperity slip and random slip over the fault plane to effectively implement constraints on the radiated energy during the whole rupture process. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed methodology are verified by comparing with the surface acceleration traces and Fourier spectra calculated by spectral element method. With the hybrid source model and crustal velocity structure applicable to the target area, the broadband (0–10 Hz) ground motion of the 2022 MS6.9 Menyuan earthquake is synthesized. The amplitude, duration, and frequency content of the synthetic motions are systematically compared with those of the available observed records and ground motion attenuation relationships, as well as the spatial distribution characteristics of the near-field ground motions from the earthquake scenarios are presented. In conclusion, the case study of the Menyuan MS6.9 earthquake demonstrates that the presented modeling procedure can estimate broadband ground motions rapidly and reliably from a physics-based kinematic rupture perspective.
Anomalous Random Flights and Time-Fractional Run-and-Tumble Equations
Authors: Angelani Luca , De Gregorio Alessandro , Garra Roberto , Iafrate Francesco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRandom flights (also called run-and-tumble walks or transport processes) represent finite velocity random motions changing direction at any Poissonian time. These models in d-dimension, can be studied giving a general formulation of the problem valid at any spatial dimension. The aim of this paper is to extend this general analysis to time-fractional processes arising from a non-local generalization of the kinetic equations. The probabilistic interpretation of the solution of the time-fractional equations leads to a time-changed version of the original transport processes. The obtained results provide a clear picture of the role played by the time-fractional derivatives in this kind of random motions. They display an anomalous behavior and are useful to describe several complex systems arising in statistical physics and biology. In particular, we focus on the one-dimensional random flight, called telegraph process, studying the time-fractional version of the classical telegraph equation and providing a suitable interpretation of its stochastic solutions.
Determination of fluorine in reference materials by chopped-beam cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (CB-CNPGAA)
Authors: Paul Rick L. , Chen-Mayer H. Heather 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A method is described for determination of fluorine in reference materials by chopped beam cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (CB-CNPGAA). The chopper cycle is set to 11 s on/off to match the t

1/2
of 20F. To reduce systematic error, the F mass is measured as the ratio to a comparator element, either Ca or Cl. The F mass fraction is then calculated by multiplying this ratio by the mass fraction of the comparator element. The method is used to measure F in SRMs 1486 Bone Meal, 1400 Bone Ash, 1566a Oyster Tissue, and 2695 Fluorine in Vegetation.
Word learning tasks as a window into the triggering problem for presuppositions
Authors: Bade Nadine , Schlenker Philippe , Chemla Emmanuel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we show that native speakers spontaneously divide the complex meaning of a new word into a presuppositional component and an assertive component. These results argue for the existence of a productive triggering algorithm for presuppositions, one that is not based on alternative lexical items nor on contextual salience. On a methodological level, the proposed learning paradigm can be used to test further theories concerned with the interaction of lexical properties and conceptual biases.