bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pentraxin 3 in patients with severe sepsis or shock: the ALBIOS trial
Authors: Caironi Pietro , Masson Serge , Mauri Tommaso , Bottazzi Barbara , Leone Roberto , Magnoli Michela , Barlera Simona , Mamprin Filippo , Fedele Andrea , Mantovani Alberto , Tognoni Gianni , Pesenti Antonio , Gattinoni Luciano , Latini Roberto ,   the ALBIOS Biomarkers Study Investigators
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe long pentraxin PTX3 is a key component of the humoral arm of innate immunity related to sepsis severity and mortality. We evaluated the clinical and prognostic significance of circulating PTX3 in the largest cohort ever reported of patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.Materials and methodsPlasma PTX3 was measured on days 1, 2 and 7 after randomization of 958 patients to albumin or crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in the multicentre Albumin Italian Outcome Sepsis (ALBIOS) trial. We tested the association of PTX3 and its changes over time with clinical severity, prevalent and incident organ dysfunctions, 90‐day mortality and treatment.ResultsPTX3 was high at baseline (72 [33–186] ng/mL) and rose with the severity and number of organ dysfunctions (P < 0·001) and the incidence of subsequent new failures. The PTX3 concentration dropped from day 1 to 7, but this decrease was less pronounced in patients with septic shock (P = 0·0004). Higher concentrations of PTX3 on day 1 predicted incident organ dysfunctions. Albumin supplementation was associated with lower levels of PTX3 in patients with septic shock (P = 0·005) but not in those without shock. In a fully adjusted multivariable model, PTX3 on day 7 predicted 90‐day mortality. Smaller drops in PTX3 predicted higher 90‐day mortality.ConclusionsIn severe sepsis and septic shock, early high PTX3 predict subsequent new organ failures, while a smaller drop in circulating PTX3 over time predicts an increased risk of death. Patients with septic shock show lower levels of PTX3 when assigned to albumin than to crystalloids.
Are behavioural responses to predation cues linked across life cycle stages?
Authors: ANDRADE MATEUS R. , ALBENY‐SIMÕES DANIEL , BREAUX JENNIFER A. , JULIANO STEVEN A. , LIMA ERALDO 
Published: November 2016

1. Prey organisms can perceive cues to predation hazard and adopt low‐risk behaviours to increase survival. Animals with complex life cycles, such as insects, can exhibit such anti‐predatory behaviours in multiple life stages.2. Cues to predation risk may induce ovipositing females to choose habitats with low predation risk. Cues to predation risk may also induce larvae to adopt facultative behaviours that reduce risk of predation.3. One hypothesis postulates that anti‐predation behaviours across adult and larval stages may be negatively associated because selection for effective anti‐predator behaviour in one stage leads to reduced selection for avoidance of predators in other stages. An alternative hypothesis suggests that selection by predation favours multi‐component defences, with both avoidance of oviposition and facultative adoption of low‐risk behaviours by larvae.4. Laboratory and field experiments were used to determine whether defensive responses of adult and larval mosquitoes are positively or negatively associated. The study tested effects of waterborne cues from predatoryToxorhynchites theobaldion oviposition choices and larval behaviours of three of its common prey:Culex mollis,Limatus durhamiiandAedes albopictus.5.Culex mollisshows strong anti‐predator responses in both life stages, consistent with the hypothesis of a multi‐component behavioural defence. The other two species showed no detectable responses to waterborne predator cues in either adult or larval stages. Larvae of these unresponsive species were significantly more vulnerable to this predator than wasC. mollis.6. For these mosquitoes, species appear either to have been selected for multi‐component defences against predation or to act in ways that could be called predator‐naïve.
Host genotype–endosymbiont associations and their relationship with aphid parasitism at the field level
Authors: ZEPEDA‐PAULO FRANCISCA , VILLEGAS CINTHYA , LAVANDERO BLAS 
Published: November 2016

1. The relationship between endosymbionts and insects represent complex eco‐evolutionary interactions. Vertically transmitted endosymbionts can be a source of evolutionary novelty by conferring ecologically important traits to their insect hosts, such as protection against natural enemies. Host–endosymbiont associations could constitute an adaptive complex (holobiont) on which selective pressures present in the environment can act, being transferred to the next generation.2. Although several laboratory‐based studies have confirmed host genotype × symbiont interactions, few studies have been directed at those associations in the natural populations and their ability to protect themselves from parasitism pressure at the field level.3. A field‐based approach to study the aphid genotype–endosymbiont associations and its relationship with the total parasitism in the grain aphid Sitobion avenae was conducted. From the field study, experiments were carried out to study the defensive effect of the two most common facultative endosymbionts (Regiella insecticola and Hamiltonella defensa) present in S. avenae against one of the most important parasitoid species, Aphidius ervi.4. Evidence is presented here of a high specificity of the aphid clone–endosymbiont associations in the field; however, the field and experimental results here do not support a relationship between the aphid clone–endosymbiont associations and a proxy of total parasitism in S. avenae. These findings highlight the importance of particular host clone–endosymbiont couplings as a key factor in gaining an understanding of the coevolutionary dynamics of endosymbionts in nature and their effect on the invasive potential of pest insects.
Concomitant MDS with isolated 5q deletion and MGUS: case report and review of molecular aspects
Authors: Nolte Florian , Mossner Maximilian , Jann Johann‐Christoph , Nowak Daniel , Boch Tobias , Müller Nadine Zoe , Hofmann Wolf‐Karsten , Metzgeroth Georgia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPatients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) have a higher risk for the development of concomitant primary cancers such as multiple myeloma (MM) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We report the case of patient initially suffering from MGUS of the IgG lambda subtype for more than 10 yr, which evolved to MM and MDS with deletion (5q) with severe pancytopenia. Due to pancytopenia, he received dose‐reduced treatment with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. He achieved an ongoing transfusion independency after about 1 month of treatment. Bone marrow taken 14 months after start of treatment showed a complete cytogenetic response of the del(5q) clone and a plasma cell infiltration below 5%. In contrast to the development of MM in MGUS patients, the subsequent occurrence of MDS after diagnosis of MGUS is infrequent. Moreover, the biological association of MDS with MGUS is not sufficiently understood, but the non‐treatment‐related occurrence supports the pathogenetic role of pre‐existing alterations of stem cells. Here, we summarize data on concomitant MDS and MGUS/MM with particular emphasis on molecular aspects.
Decision‐making in chronic ecstasy users: a systematic review
Authors: Betzler Felix , Viohl Leonard , Romanczuk‐Seiferth Nina 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDifferent cognitive impairments have been reported as a result of long‐term MDMA/ecstasy use. Increased impulsivity and altered decision‐making have been shown to be associated with the development and maintenance of addictive disorders pointing toward the necessity to understand a potential impairment of decision‐making due to MDMA use. Thus, assessing the long‐term effects of MDMA is crucial in order to evaluate its controversially discussed therapeutic use. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the scientific literature on potential effects of chronic MDMA use on higher order decision‐making processes in humans. Therefore, a systematic search for controlled trials relevant to the topic has been performed. Only studies using specific tasks on decision‐making were included that involved subjects in the drug‐free interval with drug‐naïve, and/or polydrug control groups. A total of 12 studies could be identified that met the inclusion criteria, all of which were cross‐sectional studies. The findings on decision‐making disturbances in MDMA users were heterogeneous. Seven studies reported increased risky decisions, whereas five studies did not find MDMA‐specific influences on decision‐making. Increased impulsivity was observed both in MDMA groups and in (poly)drug control groups in almost all studies. Thus, the current state of research does not allow for the conclusion that long‐term use of MDMA affects decision‐making behavior in general. More detailed specifications as well as further investigations of the relevant processes are needed. Significant tendencies toward risky decision‐making among long‐term MDMA use have been observed, but need to be confirmed by studies using a longitudinal design.
Prevalence of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in people <30 years of age—A population‐based study in Norway
Authors: Syvertsen Marte , Hellum Morten Kristoffer , Hansen Gunnar , Edland Astrid , Nakken Karl Otto , Selmer Kaja Kristine , Koht Jeanette 
Published: November 2016

SummaryObjectiveDespite juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) being considered one of the most common epilepsies, population‐based prevalence studies of JME are lacking. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of JME in a Norwegian county, using updated diagnostic criteria.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study, based on reviews of the medical records of all patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy at Drammen Hospital in the period 1999–2013. The study population consisted of 98,152 people <30 years of age. Subjects diagnosed with JME, unspecified genetic generalized epilepsy, or absence epilepsy were identified. All of these patients were contacted and asked specifically about myoclonic jerks. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings and medical records were reevaluated for those who confirmed myoclonic jerks. Information about seizure onset was obtained from the medical records, and annual frequency of new cases was estimated.ResultsA total of 55 subjects fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for JME. The point prevalence was estimated at 5.6/10,000. JME constituted 9.3% of all epilepsies in the age group we investigated. Of subjects diagnosed with either unspecified genetic generalized epilepsy or absence epilepsy, 21% and 12%, respectively, had JME. We identified 21 subjects with JME (38%) who had not been diagnosed previously. Six subjects (11%) had childhood absence epilepsy evolving into JME. Between 2009 and 2013, the average frequency of JME per 100,000 people of all ages per year was estimated at 1.7.SignificanceA substantial portion of people with JME seem to go undiagnosed, as was the case for more than one third of the subjects in this study. By investigating subjects diagnosed with unspecified genetic generalized epilepsy or absence epilepsy, we found a prevalence of JME that was considerably higher than previously reported. We conclude that JME may go undiagnosed due to the underrecognition of myoclonic jerks. To make a correct diagnosis, clinicians need to ask specifically about myoclonic jerks.
Temporal lobe epilepsy and focal cortical dysplasia in children: A tip to find the abnormality
Authors: Bartolini Luca , Whitehead Matthew T. , Ho Cheng‐Ying , Sepeta Leigh N. , Oluigbo Chima O. , Havens Kathryn , Freilich Emily R. , Schreiber John M. , Gaillard William D. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo demonstrate an association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and pathologic characteristics in children who had surgery for medically refractory epilepsy due to focal cortical dysplasia (FCD).MethodsWe retrospectively studied 110 children who had epilepsy surgery. Twenty‐seven patients withFCDwere included. Thirteen had temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 14 had extra‐temporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE). Three patients had associated mesial temporal sclerosis. Preoperative 3TMRIs interleaved with nine controls were blindly re‐reviewed and categorized according to signal alteration. Pathologic specimens were classified according to the 2011 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification and compared toMRIstudies.ResultsRates of pathology subtypes differed betweenTLEandETLE(χ2(3) = 8.57, p = 0.04).FCDtype I was more frequent inTLE, whereasFCDtypeIIwas more frequent inETLE. In theTLEgroup, nine patients had temporal tip abnormalities. They all exhibited gray–white matter blurring with decreased myelination and white matter hyperintense signal. Blurring involved the whole temporal tip, not just the area of dysplasia. These patients were less likely to demonstrate cortical thickening compared to those without temporal tip findings (χ2(1) = 9.55, p = 0.002). Three of them hadFCDIb, three hadFCD IIa, two hadFCD IIIa, and one hadFCD IIb;MRIfeatures could not entirely distinguish betweenFCDsubtypes.TLEpatients showed more pronounced findings thanETLEonMRI(χ2(1) = 11.95, p = 0.003, odds ratio [OR] 18.00). In all cases ofFCD, isolated blurring was more likely to be associated withFCD II, whereas blurring with decreased myelination was seen withFCDI (χ2(6) = 13.07, p = 0.042).SignificanceOur study described associations betweenMRIcharacteristics and pathology in children withFCDand offered a detailed analysis of temporal lobe tip abnormalities andFCDsubtypes in children withTLE. These findings may contribute to the presurgical evaluation of patients with refractory epilepsy.
Collective Vigilance in the Wintering Hooded Crane: The Role of Flock Size and Anthropogenic Disturbances in a Human‐Dominated Landscape
Authors: Li Chunlin , Beauchamp Guy , Wang Zhen , Cui Peng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractVigilance achieved at the group level, known as collective vigilance, can enhance the ability to assess threats and confer benefits to gregarious prey species. Examining the factors that influence collective vigilance and exploring how individual vigilance is organized at the group level can help to understand how prey groups respond to potential threats. We quantified collective vigilance and determined its temporal pattern in a natural wintering population of the hooded craneGrus monachain the Shengjin Lake reserve in China. We examined the role of flock size and anthropogenic disturbances in the human‐dominated landscape on collective vigilance and level of synchronization. The proportion of time during which at least one individual scanned the surroundings (collective vigilance) increased with flock size and was higher in the more disturbed buffer zone of the lake. Synchronization of vigilance occurred more frequently in the smaller flocks but was not related to the risk of disturbance. Synchronization implies that individuals tend to monitor and copy the vigilance of neighbors. In the degraded wetlands, the wintering hooded crane benefits from foraging in groups and synchronizing their vigilance in response to human disturbances.
How the Harsh Environment of an Army Training Camp Changes Human (Homo sapiens) Facial Preferences
Authors: Batres Carlota , Perrett David I. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that facial preferences may be contingent on an individual's environment, yet no study has traced how the preferences of the same individuals change as their environment changes. We therefore sought to determine if, and to what extent, adiposity and masculinity preferences are malleable by repeatedly testing students whose environment was not changing as well as students undergoing intensive training at an army camp. Our results showed that at baseline, the students at the training camp preferred more feminine male faces. This suggests that even before the training commenced, participants in the training camp may have been in a psychological state that predisposed them to prefer more trustworthy (i.e., more feminine) men. Additionally, we found that the students at the training camp reported increases in multiple stressors as well as showed changes in adiposity preferences. More specifically, we found that increases in the harshness of the environment led to an increased male attraction to cues of higher weight in female faces. Such changes in preferences may be adaptive because they allow men more opportunities to mate with women who are better equipped to survive and reproduce. These findings thus provide new evidence for the malleability of preferences depending on the environment.
Predation Risk Reduces a Female Preference for Heterospecific Males in the Green Swordtail
Authors: Pilakouta Natalie , Correa Maria A. , Alonzo Suzanne H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe presence of a predator can result in the alteration, loss or reversal of a mating preference. Under predation risk, females often change their initial preference for conspicuous males, favouring less flashy males to reduce the risk of being detected by predators. Previous studies on predator‐induced plasticity in mate preferences have given females a choice between more and less conspicuous conspecific males. However, in species that naturally hybridize, it is also possible that females might choose an inconspicuous heterospecific male over a conspicuous conspecific male under predation risk. Our study addresses this question using the green swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri) and the southern platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus), which are sympatric in the wild. We hypothesized that X. helleri females would prefer the sworded conspecific males in the absence of a predator but favour the less conspicuous, swordless, heterospecific males in the presence of a predator. Contrary to our expectation, females associated more with the heterospecific male than the conspecific male in the control (no predator) treatment, and they were non‐choosy in the predator treatment. This might reflect that females were attracted to the novel male phenotype when there was no risk of predation but became more neophobic after predator exposure. Regardless of the underlying mechanism, our results suggest that predation pressure may affect female preferences for conspecific versus heterospecific males. We also found striking within‐population, between‐individual variation in behavioural plasticity: females differed in the strength and direction of their preferences, as well as in the extent to which they altered their preferences in response to changes in perceived predation risk. Such variation in female preferences for heterospecific males could potentially lead to temporal and spatial variation in hybridization rates in the wild.
The Effects of Mother Participation in Relationship Education on Coparenting, Parenting, and Child Social Competence: Modeling Spillover Effects for Low‐Income Minority Preschool Children
Authors: Adler‐Baeder Francesca , Garneau Chelsea , Vaughn Brian , McGill Julianne , Harcourt Kate Taylor , Ketring Scott , Smith Thomas 
Published: November 2016

Although suggestions are that benefits of relationship and marriage education (RME) participation extend from the interparental relationship with parenting and child outcomes, few evaluation studies of RME test these assumptions and the relationship among changes in these areas. This quasi‐experimental study focuses on a parallel process growth model that tests a spillover hypothesis of program effects and finds, in a sample of low‐income minority mothers with a child attending a Head Start program, that increases in mother reports of coparenting agreement for RME participants predict decreases in their reports of punitive parenting behaviors. Although improvements in parenting behaviors did not predict increases in teacher reports of children's social competence, improvements in coparenting agreement were associated with increases in children's social competence over time. In addition, comparative tests of outcomes between parents in the program and parents in a comparison group reveal that RME program participants (n = 171) demonstrate significant improvements compared to nonparticipants (n = 143) on coparenting agreement, parenting practices, and teachers' reports of preschool children's social competence over a 1 year period. The findings are offered as a step forward in better understanding the experiences of low‐resource participants in RME. Implications for future research are discussed.
‘Journey to the future’: imaginaries and motivations for homeland trips among diasporic Armenians
Authors: DARIEVA TSYPYLMA 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article highlights diasporic migrants' transnational linkages with and trips to their homeland. Second and later generations of diasporic Armenians, predominantly from the USA and Canada, claim to travel to the ancestral homeland in Armenia not as heritage tourists to see the holy Mount Ararat but to invest in local development through social work. Based on ethnographic research, in‐depth interviews with volunteers and text materials, this article identifies those specific features of the contemporary diasporic ‘sacred journey’ that differ from conventional return migrations. This new inter‐continental migratory path between North America and Armenia has a temporary character. By analysing the range of reasons why young professional Armenian‐Americans and Armenian‐Canadians should choose to travel the long distance to offer their services, this article provides insight into the decision to become a volunteer in Armenia and the ways non‐profit diasporic organizations channel and mobilize this transnational activity. The study shows that ‘ethnic’ volunteers are highly conscious of the modern understanding of mobility as being a marker of personal social status within the society in which they grew up. The study of a variety of imaginaries among members of a paradigmatic diasporic group, such as Armenians, shows how second and later diasporic generations take advantage of their multi‐cultural background to become transnational global actors.
The demobilization of diaspora: history, memory and ‘latent identity’
Authors: REDCLIFT VICTORIA 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the context of sustained interest in the mobilization of diasporic identities, I consider how and why diasporic identities might be demobilized over time. I use the case of an Indian Pakistani community in the UK and the USA (sometimes referred to as ‘Bihari’) to examine how historical memories of conflict are narrated in diaspora and the impact this has on the presence or absence of ‘diasporic consciousness'. The significance of memory in diasporic and transnational communities has been neglected, especially where the narration of historical events is concerned. The impact of forgetting has received particularly scant attention. I argue that, in the absence of this story, important lessons about the role of history in the formation of community are obscured. In this example, the ‘latent’ identities created on diaspora's demobilization help us to unpick the dyadic relations of ‘home’ and ‘away’ at the heart of essentialist conceptualizations of the concept.