bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Rate Magnesium–Sulfur Battery with Improved Cyclability Based on Metal–Organic Framework Derivative Carbon Host
Authors: Zhou Xuejun , Tian Jing , Hu Jiulin , Li Chilin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMg batteries have the advantages of resource abundance, high volumetric energy density, and dendrite‐free plating/stripping of Mg anodes. However the injection of highly polar Mg2+ cannot maintain the structural integrity of intercalation‐type cathodes even for open framework prototypes. The lack of high‐voltage electrolytes and sluggish Mg2+ diffusion in lattices or through interfaces also limit the energy density of Mg batteries. Mg–S system based on moderate‐voltage conversion electrochemistry appears to be a promising solution to high‐energy Mg batteries. However, it still suffers from poor capacity and cycling performances so far. Here, a ZIF‐67 derivative carbon framework codoped by N and Co atoms is proposed as effective S host for highly reversible Mg–S batteries even under high rates. The discharge capacity is as high as ≈600 mA h g−1 at 1 C during the first cycle, and it is still preserved at ≈400 mA h g−1 after at least 200 cycles. Under a much higher rate of 5 C, a capacity of 300–400 mA h g−1 is still achievable. Such a superior performance is unprecedented among Mg–S systems and benefits from multiple factors, including heterogeneous doping, Li‐salt and Cl− addition, charge mode, and cut‐off capacity, as well as separator decoration, which enable the mitigation of electrode passivation and polysulfide loss.
High‐Performance pH‐Switchable Supramolecular Thermosets via Cation–π Interactions
Authors: Chang Guanjun , Yang Li , Yang Junxiao , Stoykovich Mark P. , Deng Xu , Cui Jiaxi , Wang Dapeng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSupramolecular chemistry has provided versatile and affordable solutions for the design of intelligent soft materials, but it cannot be applied in stiff materials. This paper describes a new concept for the design of high‐performance supramolecular thermosets by using the noncovalent cation–π interaction as cross‐linking. These supramolecular thermosets are a class of infusible and insoluble stiff polymers having excellent mechanical properties even at temperatures exceeding 300 °C. The cation–π interaction can be locally and reversibly installed and removed by aqueous treatments at high or low pH, respectively. Local manipulation of cross‐linking confers these thermosets with multiple stimuli‐responsive functions, such as recyclability, healability, adhesion, and nondestructive detection of cross‐linking and mechanical properties.
Nociceptive Memristor
Authors: Kim Yumin , Kwon Young Jae , Kwon Dae Eun , Yoon Kyung Jean , Yoon Jung Ho , Yoo Sijung , Kim Hae Jin , Park Tae Hyung , Han Jin‐Woo , Kim Kyung Min , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe biomimetic characteristics of the memristor as an electronic synapse and neuron have inspired the advent of new information technology in the neuromorphic computing. The application of the memristors can be extended to the artificial nerves on condition of the presence of electronic receptors which can transfer the external stimuli to the internal nerve system. In this work, nociceptor behaviors are demonstrated from the Pt/HfO2/TiN memristor for the electronic receptors. The device shows four specific nociceptive behaviors; threshold, relaxation, allodynia, and hyperalgesia, according to the strength, duration, and repetition rate of the external stimuli. Such nociceptive behaviors are attributed to the electron trapping/detrapping to/from the traps in the HfO2 layer, where the depth of trap energy level is ≈0.7 eV. Also, the built‐in potential by the work function mismatch between the Pt and TiN electrodes induces time‐dependent relaxation of trapped electrons, providing the appropriate relaxation behavior. The relaxation time can take from several milliseconds to tens of seconds, which corresponds to the time span of the decay of biosignal. The material‐wise evaluation of the electronic nociceptor in comparison with other material, which did not show the desired functionality, Pt/Ti/HfO2/TiN, reveals the importance of careful material design and fabrication.
High‐Performance Single‐Crystalline Perovskite Thin‐Film Photodetector
Authors: Yang Zhenqian , Deng Yuhao , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Suo , Chen Huazhou , Yang Sui , Khurgin Jacob , Fang Nicholas X. , Zhang Xiang , Ma Renmin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe best performing modern optoelectronic devices rely on single‐crystalline thin‐film (SC‐TF) semiconductors grown epitaxially. The emerging halide perovskites, which can be synthesized via low‐cost solution‐based methods, have achieved substantial success in various optoelectronic devices including solar cells, lasers, light‐emitting diodes, and photodetectors. However, to date, the performance of these perovskite devices based on polycrystalline thin‐film active layers lags behind the epitaxially grown semiconductor devices. Here, a photodetector based on SC‐TF perovskite active layer is reported with a record performance of a 50 million gain, 70 GHz gain‐bandwidth product, and a 100‐photon level detection limit at 180 Hz modulation bandwidth, which as far as we know are the highest values among all the reported perovskite photodetectors. The superior performance of the device originates from replacing polycrystalline thin film by a thickness‐optimized SC‐TF with much higher mobility and longer recombination time. The results indicate that high‐performance perovskite devices based on SC‐TF may become competitive in modern optoelectronics.
Composite of CH3NH3PbI3 with Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Highly Efficient and Stable Visible‐Light Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution in Aqueous HI Solution
Authors: Wu Yaqiang , Wang Peng , Zhu Xianglin , Zhang Qianqian , Wang Zeyan , Liu Yuanyuan , Zou Guizheng , Dai Ying , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Huang Baibiao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA facile and efficient photoreduction method is employed to synthesize the composite of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPbI3) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). This MAPbI3/rGO composite is shown to be an outstanding visible‐light photocatalyst for H2 evolution in aqueous HI solution saturated with MAPbI3. Powder samples of MAPbI3/rGO (100 mg) show a H2 evolution rate of 93.9 µmol h−1, which is 67 times faster than that of pristine MAPbI3, under 120 mW cm−2 visible‐light (λ ≥ 420 nm) illumination, and the composite is highly stable showing no significant decrease in the catalytic activity after 200 h (i.e., 20 cycles) of repeated H2 evolution experiments. The electrochemiluminescence performance of MAPbI3 is investigated to explore the charge transfer process, to find that the photogenerated electrons in MAPbI3 are transferred to the rGO sites, where protons are reduced to H2.
Deformable Organic Nanowire Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Lee Yeongjun , Oh Jin Young , Kim Taeho Roy , Gu Xiaodan , Kim Yeongin , Wang Ging‐Ji Nathan , Wu Hung‐Chin , Pfattner Raphael , To John W. F. , Katsumata Toru , Son Donghee , Kang Jiheong , Matthews James R. , Niu Weijun , He Mingqian , Sinclair Robert , Cui Yi , Tok Jeffery B.‐H. , Lee Tae‐Woo , Bao Zhenan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDeformable electronic devices that are impervious to mechanical influence when mounted on surfaces of dynamically changing soft matters have great potential for next‐generation implantable bioelectronic devices. Here, deformable field‐effect transistors (FETs) composed of single organic nanowires (NWs) as the semiconductor are presented. The NWs are composed of fused thiophene diketopyrrolopyrrole based polymer semiconductor and high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene oxide as both the molecular binder and deformability enhancer. The obtained transistors show high field‐effect mobility >8 cm2 V−1 s−1 with poly(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) polymer dielectric and can easily be deformed by applied strains (both 100% tensile and compressive strains). The electrical reliability and mechanical durability of the NWs can be significantly enhanced by forming serpentine‐like structures of the NWs. Remarkably, the fully deformable NW FETs withstand 3D volume changes (>1700% and reverting back to original state) of a rubber balloon with constant current output, on the surface of which it is attached. The deformable transistors can robustly operate without noticeable degradation on a mechanically dynamic soft matter surface, e.g., a pulsating balloon (pulse rate: 40 min−1 (0.67 Hz) and 40% volume expansion) that mimics a beating heart, which underscores its potential for future biomedical applications.
A Self‐Powered and Flexible Organometallic Halide Perovskite Photodetector with Very High Detectivity
Authors: Leung Siu‐Fung , Ho Kang‐Ting , Kung Po‐Kai , Hsiao Vincent K. S. , Alshareef Husam N. , Wang Zhong Lin , He Jr‐Hau 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFlexible and self‐powered photodetectors (PDs) are highly desirable for applications in image sensing, smart building, and optical communications. In this paper, a self‐powered and flexible PD based on the methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PBI3) perovskite is demonstrated. Such a self‐powered PD can operate even with irregular motion such as human finger tapping, which enables it to work without a bulky external power source. In addition, with high‐quality CH3NH3PBI3 perovskite thin film fabricated with solvent engineering, the PD exhibits an impressive detectivity of 1.22 × 1013 Jones. In the self‐powered voltage detection mode, it achieves a large responsivity of up to 79.4 V mW−1 cm−2 and a voltage response of up to ≈90%. Moreover, as the PD is made of flexible and transparent polymer films, it can operate under bending and functions at 360 Â° of illumination. As a result, the self‐powered, flexible, 360 Â° omnidirectional perovskite PD, featuring high detectivity and responsivity along with real‐world sensing capability, suggests a new direction for next‐generation optical communications, sensing, and imaging applications.
Cocatalysts in Semiconductor‐based Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: Achievements, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Ran Jingrun , Jaroniec Mietek , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEver‐increasing fossil‐fuel combustion along with massive CO2 emissions has aroused a global energy crisis and climate change. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction represents a promising strategy for clean, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbon fuels by utilizing solar energy. This strategy combines the reductive half‐reaction of CO2 conversion with an oxidative half reaction, e.g., H2O oxidation, to create a carbon‐neutral cycle, presenting a viable solution to global energy and environmental problems. There are three pivotal processes in photocatalytic CO2 conversion: (i) solar‐light absorption, (ii) charge separation/migration, and (iii) catalytic CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation. While significant progress is made in optimizing the first two processes, much less research is conducted toward enhancing the efficiency of the third step, which requires the presence of cocatalysts. In general, cocatalysts play four important roles: (i) boosting charge separation/transfer, (ii) improving the activity and selectivity of CO2 reduction, (iii) enhancing the stability of photocatalysts, and (iv) suppressing side or back reactions. Herein, for the first time, all the developed CO2‐reduction cocatalysts for semiconductor‐based photocatalytic CO2 conversion are summarized, and their functions and mechanisms are discussed. Finally, perspectives in this emerging area are provided.
Citrate Improves Collagen Mineralization via Interface Wetting: A Physicochemical Understanding of Biomineralization Control
Authors: Shao Changyu , Zhao Ruibo , Jiang Shuqin , Yao Shasha , Wu Zhifang , Jin Biao , Yang Yuling , Pan Haihua , Tang Ruikang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBiological hard tissues such as bones always contain extremely high levels of citrate, which is believed to play an important role in bone formation as well as in osteoporosis treatments. However, its mechanism on biomineralization is not elucidated. Here, it is found that the adsorbed citrate molecules on collagen fibrils can significantly reduce the interfacial energy between the biological matrix and the amorphous calcium phosphate precursor to enhance their wetting effect at the early biomineralization stage, sequentially facilitating the intrafibrillar formation of hydroxyapatite to produce an inorganic–organic composite. It is demonstrated experimentally that only collagen fibrils containing ≈8.2 wt% of bound citrate (close to the level in biological bone) can reach the full mineralization as those in natural bones. The effect of citrate on the promotion of the collagen mineralization degree is also confirmed by in vitro dentin repair. This finding demonstrates the importance of interfacial controls in biomineralization and more generally, provides a physicochemical view about the regulation effect of small biomolecules on the biomineralization front.
Toxic Reactive Oxygen Species Enhanced Synergistic Combination Therapy by Self‐Assembled Metal‐Phenolic Network Nanoparticles
Authors: Dai Yunlu , Yang Zhen , Cheng Siyuan , Wang Zhongliang , Zhang Ruili , Zhu Guizhi , Wang Zhantong , Yung Bryant C. , Tian Rui , Jacobson Orit , Xu Can , Ni Qianqian , Song Jibin , Sun Xiaolian , Niu Gang , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEngineering functional nanomaterials with high therapeutic efficacy and minimum side effects has increasingly become a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Herein, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) enhanced combination chemotherapy platform is designed via a biocompatible metal‐polyphenol networks self‐assembly process by encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) and platinum prodrugs in nanoparticles. Both DOX and platinum drugs can activate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, generating superoxide radicals (O2•−). The superoxide dismutase‐like activity of polyphenols can catalyze H2O2 generation from O2•−. Finally, the highly toxic HO• free radicals are generated by a Fenton reaction. The ROS HO• can synergize the chemotherapy by a cascade of bioreactions. Positron emission tomography imaging of 89Zr‐labeled as‐prepared DOX@Pt prodrug Fe3+ nanoparticles (DPPF NPs) shows prolonged blood circulation and high tumor accumulation. Furthermore, the DPPF NPs can effectively inhibit tumor growth and reduce the side effects of anticancer drugs. This study establishes a novel ROS promoted synergistic nanomedicine platform for cancer therapy.
Complementary Logic Circuits Based on High‐Performance n‐Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Sun Hengda , Vagin Mikhail , Wang Suhao , Crispin Xavier , Forchheimer Robert , Berggren Magnus , Fabiano Simone 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have been the subject of intense research in recent years. To date, however, most of the reported OECTs rely entirely on p‐type (hole transport) operation, while electron transporting (n‐type) OECTs are rare. The combination of efficient and stable p‐type and n‐type OECTs would allow for the development of complementary circuits, dramatically advancing the sophistication of OECT‐based technologies. Poor stability in air and aqueous electrolyte media, low electron mobility, and/or a lack of electrochemical reversibility, of available high‐electron affinity conjugated polymers, has made the development of n‐type OECTs troublesome. Here, it is shown that ladder‐type polymers such as poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) can successfully work as stable and efficient n‐channel material for OECTs. These devices can be easily fabricated by means of facile spray‐coating techniques. BBL‐based OECTs show high transconductance (up to 9.7 mS) and excellent stability in ambient and aqueous media. It is demonstrated that BBL‐based n‐type OECTs can be successfully integrated with p‐type OECTs to form electrochemical complementary inverters. The latter show high gains and large worst‐case noise margin at a supply voltage below 0.6 V.
Engineered Transport in Microporous Materials and Membranes for Clean Energy Technologies
Authors: Li Changyi , Meckler Stephen M. , Smith Zachary P. , Bachman Jonathan E. , Maserati Lorenzo , Long Jeffrey R. , Helms Brett A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMany forward‐looking clean‐energy technologies hinge on the development of scalable and efficient membrane‐based separations. Ongoing investment in the basic research of microporous materials is beginning to pay dividends in membrane technology maturation. Specifically, improvements in membrane selectivity, permeability, and durability are being leveraged for more efficient carbon capture, desalination, and energy storage, and the market adoption of membranes in those areas appears to be on the horizon. Herein, an overview of the microporous materials chemistry driving advanced membrane development, the clean‐energy separations employing them, and the theoretical underpinnings tying membrane performance to membrane structure across multiple length scales is provided. The interplay of pore architecture and chemistry for a given set of analytes emerges as a critical design consideration dictating mass transport outcomes. Opportunities and outstanding challenges in the field are also discussed, including high‐flux 2D molecular‐sieving membranes, phase‐change adsorbents as performance‐enhancing components in composite membranes, and the need for quantitative metrologies for understanding mass transport in heterophasic materials and in micropores with unusual chemical interactions with analytes of interest.
Ultrahigh Piezoelectric Properties in Textured (K,Na)NbO3‐Based Lead‐Free Ceramics
Authors: Li Peng , Zhai Jiwei , Shen Bo , Zhang Shujun , Li Xiaolong , Zhu Fangyuan , Zhang Xingmin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHigh‐performance lead‐free piezoelectric materials are in great demand for next‐generation electronic devices to meet the requirement of environmentally sustainable society. Here, ultrahigh piezoelectric properties with piezoelectric coefficients (d33 ≈700 pC N−1, d33* ≈980 pm V−1) and planar electromechanical coupling factor (kp ≈76%) are achieved in highly textured (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN)‐based ceramics. The excellent piezoelectric properties can be explained by the strong anisotropic feature, optimized engineered domain configuration in the textured ceramics, and facilitated polarization rotation induced by the intermediate phase. In addition, the nanodomain structures with decreased domain wall energy and increased domain wall mobility also contribute to the ultrahigh piezoelectric properties. This work not only demonstrates the tremendous potential of KNN‐based ceramics to replace lead‐based piezoelectrics but also provides a good strategy to design high‐performance piezoelectrics by controlling appropriate phase and crystallographic orientation.
Shape Memory Polymers for Body Motion Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Mechanosensing
Authors: Liu Ruiyuan , Kuang Xiao , Deng Jianan , Wang Yi‐Cheng , Wang Aurelia C. , Ding Wenbo , Lai Ying‐Chih , Chen Jun , Wang Peihong , Lin Zhiqun , Qi H. Jerry , Sun Baoquan , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGrowing demand in portable electronics raises a requirement to electronic devices being stretchable, deformable, and durable, for which functional polymers are ideal choices of materials. Here, the first transformable smart energy harvester and self‐powered mechanosensation sensor using shape memory polymers is demonstrated. The device is based on the mechanism of a flexible triboelectric nanogenerator using the thermally triggered shape transformation of organic materials for effectively harvesting mechanical energy. This work paves a new direction for functional polymers, especially in the field of mechanosensation for potential applications in areas such as soft robotics, biomedical devices, and wearable electronics.
An Alkylated Indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐Based Nonfullerene Acceptor with High Crystallinity Exhibiting Single Junction Solar Cell Efficiencies Greater than 13% with Low Voltage Losses
Authors: Fei Zhuping , Eisner Flurin D. , Jiao Xuechen , Azzouzi Mohammed , Röhr Jason A. , Han Yang , Shahid Munazza , Chesman Anthony S. R. , Easton Christopher D. , McNeill Christopher R. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Nelson Jenny , Heeney Martin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA new synthetic route, to prepare an alkylated indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐based nonfullerene acceptor (C8‐ITIC), is reported. Compared to the reported ITIC with phenylalkyl side chains, the new acceptor C8‐ITIC exhibits a reduction in the optical band gap, higher absorptivity, and an increased propensity to crystallize. Accordingly, blends with the donor polymer PBDB‐T exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 12.4%. Further improvements in efficiency are found upon backbone fluorination of the donor polymer to afford the novel material PFBDB‐T. The resulting blend with C8‐ITIC shows an impressive PCE up to 13.2% as a result of the higher open‐circuit voltage. Electroluminescence studies demonstrate that backbone fluorination reduces the energy loss of the blends, with PFBDB‐T/C8‐ITIC‐based cells exhibiting a small energy loss of 0.6 eV combined with a high JSC of 19.6 mA cm−2.
Ternary System with Controlled Structure: A New Strategy toward Efficient Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Cheng Pei , Wang Rui , Zhu Jingshuai , Huang Wenchao , Chang Sheng‐Yung , Meng Lei , Sun Pengyu , Cheng Hao‐Wen , Qin Meng , Zhu Chenhui , Zhan Xiaowei , Yang Yang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecently, a new type of active layer with a ternary system has been developed to further enhance the performance of binary system organic photovoltaics (OPV). In the ternary OPV, almost all active layers are formed by simple ternary blend in solution, which eventually leads to the disordered bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure after a spin‐coating process. There are two main restrictions in this disordered BHJ structure to obtain higher performance OPV. One is the isolated second donor or acceptor domains. The other is the invalid metal–semiconductor contact. Herein, the concept and design of donor/acceptor/acceptor ternary OPV with more controlled structure (C‐ternary) is reported. The C‐ternary OPV is fabricated by a sequential solution process, in which the second acceptor and donor/acceptor binary blend are sequentially spin‐coated. After the device optimization, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all OPV with C‐ternary are enhanced by 14–21% relative to those with the simple ternary blend; the best PCEs are 10.7 and 11.0% for fullerene‐based and fullerene‐free solar cells, respectively. Moreover, the averaged PCE value of 10.4% for fullerene‐free solar cell measured in this study is in great agreement with the certified one of 10.32% obtained from Newport Corporation.