bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of expiratory muscle strength training on voluntary cough effectiveness in Huntington's disease
Authors: Konvalinkova Romana , Srp Martin , Doleckova Kristyna , Capek Vaclav , Gal Ota , Hoskovcova Martina , Kliment Radim , Muzik Jan , Ruzicka Evzen , Klempir Jiri 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeDysfunction of the airway defence system in Huntington's disease (HD) is a significant but often overlooked problem. Although expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) is frequently utilized in cough effectiveness treatment, its specific impact in HD patients has not yet been explored. This study investigated the effects of EMST on voluntary peak cough flow (vPCF) in HD patients and evaluated the retention of potential gains post‐intervention.MethodsIn this prospective case‐controlled trial, 29 HD patients completed an 8‐week wait‐to‐start period, which served to identify the natural development of expiratory muscle strength and vPCF. This was followed by 8 weeks of EMST training and an additional 8 weeks of follow‐up. The study's outcome parameters, vPCF and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), were measured against those of age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls.ResultsHuntington's disease patients had significantly lower MEP (p < 0.001) and vPCF (p = 0.012) compared to healthy controls at baseline. Following the EMST, significant improvements in MEP (d = 1.39, p < 0.001) and vPCF (d = 0.77, p = 0.001) were observed, with HD patients reaching the cough performance levels of healthy subjects. However, these gains diminished during the follow‐up, with a significant decline in vPCF (d = −0.451, p = 0.03) and in MEP (d = −0.71; p = 0.002).ConclusionsExpiratory muscle strength training improves expiratory muscle strength and voluntary cough effectiveness in HD patients, but an ongoing maintenance programme is necessary to sustain the improvements.
Disclosure dilemma: Revealing biological paternity to family and others after unexpected direct‐to‐consumer genetic results
Authors: Grethel Michele , Ross Lily , Obadia Julienne , Freeman Robin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores the experiences of direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) genetic test results of recipients who learn of unexpected biological paternity, not parent expected (NPE). We characterize the process of disclosing NPE discoveries, as well as the benefits and the repercussions of such disclosures on individuals, families, and others.BackgroundThe popularity of DTC genetic testing is increasing. Consequently, many discover unexpected information about their ancestry, heritage, and paternity.MethodsThis qualitative study used an inductive thematic analysis of in‐depth interviews with adults (n = 27; aged 40–70) who received DTC genetic test results revealing unexpected biological paternity.ResultsThe NPE disclosure dilemma encompasses uncertainty about narrating their discovery; gauging the dispositions of others; wondering what repercussions may arise; and managing feelings about stigma, betrayal, and anger. Culture, history, and family dynamics are vital in navigating disclosures. A desire to understand their origins, connect with new genetic families, and validate their sense of self is essential. Biological connections of kinship remain important arbiters of relatedness for many individuals.ConclusionDisclosure of NPE discoveries differs from other stigmatized identities because the secret belongs to someone else; thus, self‐disclosure affects the entire family system.ImplicationsDrawing on family systems theory and disclosure processes model, our findings provide insights into the intricate dynamics inherent in NPE disclosure.
Recommendations from the ABA Commission on Youth at Risk Convening – “Renewal and Revolution: Recommitting the Legal Profession to Serve Children and Youth, their Families, and Communities”
Authors: Smith Charisa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractYouth and families impacted by legal systems now resoundingly attest to the systems' lasting harm, echoed by interdisciplinary research. Lawyering thus requires a vastly renewed outlook, boldness, and honest inquiry about the limits of what the law and public systems can (and should) attempt as purported problem‐solving amidst broader socioeconomic forces and injustice. This report synthesizes recommendations from a groundswell of diverse, dedicated voices following an October 2023 convening hosted by the American Bar Association Commission on Youth at Risk, the ABA Center on Children and the Law, and Hofstra University's Maurice A. Deane School of Law. Entitled “Renewal and Revolution: Recommitting the Legal Profession to Serving Children and Youth, Their Families, and Communities,” the convening engaged various professionals—many with firsthand experience in foster and justice systems— and other advocates. Since the 2006 ABA Youth At Risk Initiative Planning Conference, the ABA Commission on Youth At Risk has elevated the representation and voice of youth through ethical practice standards, expanded access, and national initiatives. This report recounts findings of the 2023 convening's four working groups which met for two‐days of (often tense) discussions to chart a path for the legal profession, law, and policy for the next decade and beyond. Priorities include: transcending conceptions of youth “at risk” towards recognition of harms done, a strengths‐based lens, and lived experience leadership and expertise; cultivating next generation attorneys; prioritizing early family defense and diversion; divesting from systems and re‐investing directly with youth and families; and further eliminating racial disparities.
Juvenile coho salmon growth differences track biennial pink salmon spawning patterns
Authors: Fitzgerald Kevin A. , Bellmore J. Ryan , Fellman Jason B. , Cheng Matthew L. H. , Boyles‐Muehleck Naomi , Delbecq Claire E. , Falke Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Spawning Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) provide marine‐derived resources (MDR) to freshwater food webs in the form of eggs, flesh and maggots that consume salmon carcasses, all of which positively impact stream‐dwelling fish growth. Pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) are widely distributed throughout coastal catchments along the North Pacific Ocean and display increased spawning abundances in odd years, owing to a fixed 2‐year life history. While many studies have found that foraging and growth of stream‐dwelling salmonids are improved by increased adult salmon spawning abundance, few studies have investigated the importance of alternating pink salmon spawning abundance between years.

Here, we examined how patterns of pink salmon spawning abundance impact the foraging and growth of juvenile coho salmon (O. kisutch). First, we used bioenergetic simulations to generate a hypothesis that coho salmon growth would increase during odd relative to even years. We then collected empirical juvenile coho salmon diet and growth data from a Southeast Alaska catchment in 2021 (pink salmon spawning) and 2022 (no pink salmon spawning). Field data were compared against simulation predictions to understand impacts of biennial pink salmon spawning patterns on juvenile coho salmon growth.

Empirical growth data revealed similar patterns to bioenergetic simulations. Age‐1 coho salmon grew 16.6 mm longer and 5.5 g heavier on average in 2021 compared to 2022. Age‐0 coho salmon displayed minor growth differences between years.

These results support bioenergetic model predictions and suggest that patterns of pink salmon spawning abundance can impart interannual growth disparities to juvenile coho salmon. Moreover, we show that distinct spawning characteristics of Pacific salmon species are important when understanding patterns of MDR transfer and growth responses in stream fishes.
Mical1 deletion in tyrosinase expressing cells affects mouse running gaits
Authors: Micovic Katarina , Canuel Alicia , Remtulla Aasiya , Chuyen Alexandre , Byrsan Margarita , McGarry David J. , Olson Michael F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNeuronal development is a highly regulated process that is dependent on the correct coordination of cellular responses to extracellular cues. In response to semaphorin axon guidance proteins, the MICAL1 protein is stimulated to produce reactive oxygen species that oxidize actin on specific methionine residues, leading to filamentous actin depolymerization and consequent changes in neuronal growth cone dynamics. Crossing genetically modified mice homozygous for floxed Mical1 (Mical1fl/fl) alleles with transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of a tyrosinase gene enhancer/promoter (Tyr::Cre) enabled conditional Mical1 deletion. Immunohistochemical analysis showed Mical1 expression in the cerebellum, which plays a prominent role in the coordination of motor movements, with reduced Mical1 expression in Mical1fl/fl mice co‐expressing Tyr::Cre. Analysis of the gaits of mice running on a treadmill showed that both male and female Mical1fl/fl, Tyr::Cre mutant mice had significant alterations to their striding patterns relative to wild‐type mice, although the specific aspects of their altered gaits differed between the sexes. Additional motor tests that involved movement on a rotating rod, descending a vertical pole, or crossing a balance beam did not show significant differences between the genotypes, suggesting that the effect of the Mical1fl/fl, Tyr::Cre genetic modifications was only manifested during specific highly coordinated movements that contribute to running. These findings indicate that there is a behavioral consequence in Mical1fl/fl, Tyr::Cre mutant mice that affects motor control as manifested by alterations in their gait.
Microstructure and electrical properties of aluminum oxide‐reinforced 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals/TiSi2 composites by vacuum sintering
Authors: Liu Weikang , Chen Yucong , Wu Cong , Tang Liangying , Yao Zhenhua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract3 mol% yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y‐TZP)/TiSi2 composites reinforced with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) were synthesized by vacuum sintering. This case investigated the effects of Al2O3 content ranging from 0 to 10 wt.% on the microstructure, mechanical, and electrical properties of 3Y‐TP/TiSi2 composites. According to the results, the addition of Al2O3 hindered the densification of the material, resulting in a deterioration in the relative density of composites. On the contrary, the hardness, flexural strength, and average grain size of the conductive phase increased. The maximum value of hardness and flexural strength was 88.70 HRA with 7.5 wt.% Al2O3 and 635.45 MPa with 10 wt.% Al2O3, respectively. In addition, the addition of Al2O3 increases the ratio of grain size between the conductive and insulating phases in composites, leading to a decrease in the percolation threshold and a reduction in resistivity from 4.00 to 1.60 × 10−3 Ω·cm with increasing Al2O3 content. In conclusion, Al2O3 reinforced the comprehensive mechanical properties and optimized the electrical properties of composites by changing the microstructure of the material.
The impact of the nursing work environment on compassion fatigue: The mediating role of general self‐efficacy
Authors: Chen Xian , Li Jie , Arber Anne , Qiao Chengping , Wu Jinfeng , Sun Cuihua , Han Xue , Wang Dan , Zhu Zhu , Zhou Hui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the interplay between the perceived nursing work environment, general self‐efficacy, and compassion fatigue among registered nurses in Chinese hospitals.BackgroundCompassion fatigue emerges as a significant occupational stress response globally, with the nursing work environment being a pivotal influencer. There is a knowledge gap in understanding how the nursing work environment and general self‐efficacy interrelate to affect compassion fatigue, particularly among Chinese nurses.MethodsEmploying a cross‐sectional, descriptive design, this study utilized validated questionnaires to gather data from 7085 nurses across public and private hospitals in China. The analysis focused on assessing the interrelations among the perceived nursing work environment, general self‐efficacy, and different dimensions of compassion fatigue.FindingMore than half (65.67%) of the participants experienced moderate or high burnout levels, with 76.43% experiencing secondary traumatic stress. The lowest rating in the nursing work environment was for nurse/physician collaboration (10 ± 2.07), while general self‐efficacy scored higher (27.54 ± 6.26). A positive relationship existed between the work environment and both general self‐efficacy and compassion satisfaction, with a negative correlation to burnout and traumatic stress. General self‐efficacy was a partial mediator in the link between work environment and compassion fatigue, suggesting that improving the work environment can decrease compassion fatigue by boosting nurses' self‐efficacy.ConclusionThis study underscores the profound impact of the nursing work environment on compassion fatigue, mediated by general self‐efficacy. It highlights the necessity of fostering a supportive work environment to enhance nurses' self‐efficacy and overall well‐being.Implications for nursing and health policyHealthcare managers and institutions must create supportive work environments to reduce compassion fatigue among nurses. This includes professional development programs to enhance self‐efficacy and job satisfaction. Policies should address high workloads and inadequate support. Nurse leaders should foster environments that promote psychological well‐being, improving outcomes for both nurses and patients. Regular assessments and adjustments of work conditions are essential to maintain a healthy work environment.
BNT162b2 Versus mRNA‐1273 Vaccines: Comparative Analysis of Long‐Term Protection Against SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection and Severe COVID‐19 in Qatar
Authors: Chemaitelly Hiam , Ayoub Houssein H. , Coyle Peter , Tang Patrick , Hasan Mohammad R. , Yassine Hadi M. , Al Thani Asmaa A. , Al‐Kanaani Zaina , Al‐Kuwari Einas , Jeremijenko Andrew , Kaleeckal Anvar Hassan , Latif Ali Nizar , Shaik Riyazuddin Mohammad , Abdul‐Rahim Hanan F. , Nasrallah Gheyath K. , Al‐Kuwari Mohamed Ghaith , Butt Adeel A. , Al‐Romaihi Hamad Eid , Al‐Thani Mohamed H. , Al‐Khal Abdullatif , Bertollini Roberto , Abu‐Raddad Laith J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study provides a head‐to‐head comparison of the protection provided by the BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and against severe COVID‐19, covering primary series and third dose/booster vaccinations over up to 3 years of follow‐up, both before and after the emergence of the omicron variant.MethodsTwo national, matched, retrospective cohort studies were conducted on Qatar's vaccinated population from December 16, 2020, to February 18, 2024. Subgroup analyses by pre‐vaccination SARS‐CoV‐2 infection history, as well as sensitivity analyses, were also conducted.ResultsThe adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) comparing infection incidence in those vaccinated with BNT162b2 versus mRNA‐1273 was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02–1.05) after the primary series and 1.11 (95% CI: 1.09–1.13) after the third (booster) dose. The corresponding AHRs for any severe, critical, or fatal COVID‐19 were 1.31 (95% CI: 0.81–2.11) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.20–4.94), respectively. Subgroup analyses by prior infection status hinted at a dose‐dependent immune imprinting effect, where a combination of two types of immunity, pre‐omicron and omicron, offered greater protection against infection than one type alone, with this effect being amplified by the higher antigen dose of mRNA‐1273 compared to BNT162b2. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the study findings.ConclusionsBNT162b2 provided slightly less protection against infection than mRNA‐1273 following both primary series and booster vaccinations while offering comparable protection against severe COVID‐19 outcomes. The findings suggested that the vaccine antigen dose in interaction with infection history may determine the extent of immune protection against infection.
A review of long‐term cyclosporine use in renal transplantation
Authors: Lewis Richard M. , Van Buren Charles T. , Kerman Ronald H. , Conley Susan B. , Radovancevic Branislaw , Frazier O. Howard , Kahan Barry D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis review addresses the following issues pertinent to the long‐term use of cyclosporine‐A (CsA) in the treatment of renal and cardiac allograft recipients: 1) the evolution of renal allograft and native renal function beyond the 1st year, 2) causes and incidence of late renal allograft loss, and 3) hypertension, severe hyperlipidemia, and growth in pediatric renal allograft recipients. Longitudinal analyses of mean serum creatinine levels (Crs), reciprocal Crs (1/Crs) values, and mean slopes of 1/Crs vs. time curves were not consistent with a uniform pattern of accelerated loss of native kidney or renal allograft function consequent to a progressive, toxic nephropathy. The data suggest that cardiac transplant recipients exerienced a significant decline in aggregate, native renal function over the first 6 post‐transplant months which subsequently stabilized with no evidence of further decline in aggregate function over a 3‐ to 4‐yr follow‐up. Renal transplant recipients demonstrated an aggregate trend of slowly declining allograft function which was comparable to Pred‐Aza historical controls and consistent with the effects of chronic immunologic injury. With regard to graft attrition, the beneficial impact of CsA immunosuppressive therapy on 1‐yr renal allograft survival persisted to 6 yr of follow‐up. In addition, long‐term immunosuppressive therapy utilizing CsA‐Pred was associated with a lower rate of both CAD and haploidentical LRD graft attrition beyond 1 yr vs. pooled, multicenter results in Pred‐Aza historical controls. The incidence of, and risk factors for, severe hyperlipidemia in the CsA‐Pred era did not differ substantially from those associated with Pred‐Aza immunosuppressive therapy. Growth patterns recorded in CsA‐Pred treated pediatric renal allograft recipients were also similar to those observed historically in association with Pred‐Aza therapy. In contrast, at 1 yr and 2 yr following renal transplantation, dual CsA‐Pred therapy was associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension vs. concurrent Pred‐Aza controls. The data do not support an indication for routine conversion from CsA to Azathioprine following successful cardiac or renal transplantation.
Remission of pancreatic graft failure by intensive insulin treatment
Authors: Andersen Helene Bryde , Christiansen Erik , Burcharth Flemming , Rasmussen Knud , Christensen Niels Juel , Madsbad Sten 
Published: September 2024

Remission of pancreatic graft failure was obtained by intensive insulin treatment. Eleven months after pancreas transplantation for type 1 diabetes mellitus the patient developed hyperglycemia with fasting blood glucose level about 12‐13 mmol/l. After normoglycemia through 3 weeks by intensive insulin therapy, fasting blood glucose level remained normal after cessation of insulin treatment. C‐peptide measurements during a mixed meal test before and after treatment demonstrated that the insulin secretory capacity of pancreatic β‐cells was increased after insulin treatment compared with the period before initiation of treatment. Further, improved glycemic control probably reduced insulin resistance. The patient had a second episode of pancreatic graft failure 8 months later, and was again treated with multiple insulin injections resulting in a new remission, which until now has been sustained for 8 months. It is concluded that aggressive insulin therapy may induce remission in pancreatic graft failure.
Evidence that ursodeoxycholic acid prevents steroid‐resistant rejection in adult liver transplantation
Authors: Clavien Pierre‐A. , Sharara Ala I. , Camargo Carlos A. , Harland Robert C. , Fitz J. Gregory 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSteroid‐resistant rejection continues to be a serious problem in liver transplantation. Since ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is beneficial in several cholestatic disorders and possessesin vitroimmunomodulatory and immunosuppressive effects, we have tested in a pilot study the effects of adjuvant UDCA in the prevention of steroid‐resistant rejection. Fifty consecutive liver transplant patients were treated with a standard cyclosporine immunosuppressive regimen. Treatment with UDCA (10 mg/kg/d) was initiated in each patient who developed biopsy‐proven rejection or biochemical evidence of cholestasis. Clinical and laboratory features were monitored for evidence of rejection. Data were analyzed after at least a 10‐month follow‐up period was available in each patient. Seven patients died during the study period, all within 4 wk of surgery. No evidence of rejection was documented in these patients. Twenty three of the 43 survivors 53% (23/43) developed an episode of rejection, and UDCA was initiated in each of them. Only one patient had a second episode of rejection, which responded to intravenous methylprednisolone therapy; no patient required antilymphocyte therapy. There was no evidence of toxicity for UDCA. These data suggest that UDCA can be given safely following OLT and may contribute to prevention of steroid‐resistant rejection in liver transplant recipients.
The potential pool of non‐heart‐beating kidney donors
Authors: Daemen Jan‐Willem H. C. , Oomen Arno P. A. , Kelders Willem P. A. , Kootstra Gauke 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOne of the ways to fight the growing organ shortage in transplantation is by procuring organs from non‐heart‐beating (NHB) donors. In order to determine the NHB kidney donor pool and evaluate its significance for renal transplantation, the potential is estimated in this study by retrospective death chart review.All 200 in‐hospital deaths aged 3‐65 yr reported at the University Hospital Maastricht in 1994, including 25 deaths at the Emergency Department (ED), were analyzed. After exclusion of deaths by computerized ICD‐9‐ CM codes, 109 charts were abstracted and reviewed by experts. As a result a potential of eight brain dead, heart‐beating (HB) donors and 56 NHB donors were identified. Medical suitability and logistic availability were scored in an attempt to quantify the likelihood of the donation to proceed towards successful organ procurement. These scores resulted in a range of potential NHB donors from 4.5 to 9.2 per 100 in‐hospital deaths. Including rates of refusal to consent, as well as rates of technical failures, 24.0‐49.6 kidneys were calculated to be realistically available annually, 2‐4.5 times the projected number of kidneys from HB donors. With this increase of available grafts, at least growth of the renal waiting list would be prevented.This estimate shows that the potential of NHB kidney donors is large, and its impact on organ shortage would be considerable. Since 68% of potential NHB kidney donors, and also 70% of the medically most suitable donors, were found in ED, ICU, and CCU, focusing on these hospital units. for implementation of routine procurement of kidneys from NHB donors is probably most effective. We therefore plead for the introduction of NHB kidney procurement protocols in EDS, ICUS, and CCUS.