bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF MACROCYCLIC LACTONES BY RING ENLARGEMENT REACTION. PRELIMINARY REPORT
Authors: KOSTOVA K. , HESSE M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Ketoaldehyde (II) ergeben bei ihrer Methylierung neben dem Öl (III) bereits geringe Mengen (IVa) und 10‐16% (IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REARRANGEMENT OF CYCLOADDUCTS FROM TRIMETHYLSILANECARBONITRILE OXIDE
Authors: DE SARLO F. , BRANDI A. , GOTI A. , GUARNA A. , ROVERO P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTrimethylsilanearbonitriloxid (I) reagiert mit Olefinen (II) unter lß‐dipolzirer Addition zu Dihydroisoxazolen (III), die sehr leicht unter Ringöffntmg und hydrolytischer Abspaltung des Silylrestes gespalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF THE REACTIVITY AND TAUTOMERISM OF AZOLIDINES. XLVII. ALKYLATION OF SELENAZOLIDONES
Authors: LEVSHIN I. B. , V'YUNOV K. A. , TSURKAN A. A. , KNIZHNIK A. Z. , GINAK A. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Selenazolidindione (I), die mit 69‐94% Ausb. nach Literaturverfahren erhalten werden, werden in die Kaliumderivate (II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOMERIZATION OF MIXED β‐CHLOROVINYL DERIVATIVES OF MERCURY
Authors: ERDYNEEV N. S. , MOGNONOV D. M. , MARKHAEVA V. P. , OKHLOBYSTIN O. YU. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie cis‐Chlorvinylquecksilberverbindung (I) wird beim Erwärmen teilweise isomerisiert, und das entstehende Isomerengemisch (II), das sich bei weiterem Erwärmen zersetzt, enthält 32% der trans‐Verbindung.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF GERMANIUM DERIVATIVES OF URACIL AND 5‐FLUOROURACIL
Authors: TAKAKUSAKI K. , KAKIMOTO N. , TAKEUCHI Y. , TOMODA S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUracil (Ia) und 5‐Fluor‐uracil (Ib) werden zunächst mit Acetylchlorid in Gegenwart von Basen zu (II) acetyliert und dann mit Trichlorgerman (III) definiert in Addukte (IV) übergeführt, deren Hydrolyse zu den Germaniumsesquioxiden (V) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND CHEMICAL REACTIVITY OF SOLUBLE BIMETALLOMERS
Authors: DRAGO R. S. , DESMOND M. J. , CORDEN B. B. , MILLER K. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch Kondensation von S‐Heptyldithiocarbazat mit 4‐tert.‐Butyl‐ö‐formylsalicylaldehyd, dessen Synthese nach einer modifizierten Vierstufen‐Ullman /Brittner‐Methode beschrieben wird, in Ethanol/Wasser 1:1 ′wird der Ligand dargestellt, der mit den Metullacetaten in Ethanol die Bimetallomeren (Ia) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF DL‐SIRENIN
Authors: MANDAI T. , HARA K. , KAWADA M. , NOKAMI J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem bekannten Keton (I) entsteht das Acetoxy‐nitril (II), das mit Pd‐Katalysatoren zu (III) und (IV) umgelagert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL TRANSFORMATION OF PENICILLIN INTO THE PENEM NUCLEUS: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐CARBOXYPENEM DERIVATIVE
Authors: KAMETANI T. , KANAYA N. , MOCHIZUKI T. , HONDA T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem (rAminO‐penieillansaurederivat (I) und der Diazoverbindung (II) erhält man in Gegenwart von Rh‐Kxitalyszttoren die Kondensationsprodukte (III), die mit Triethylamin zu (IV) führen und über das Ketal (Va) in die I)eri‐ tvate (Vb) und (Vc) übergefilhrt, zu (VI) verseift und dann mit Ozon zu (VII) abgebaut werden, aus dem das Cyclisiertnngsprodukt (VIII) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL FUSED β‐LACTAMS BY INTRAMOLECULAR 1,3‐DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITIONS. 6. PHENOXYACETAMIDO ISOAZAPENEM AND ISOAZACEPHEM CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Authors: BRANCH C. L. , PEARSON M. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem β‐Lactam‐akin (Ia) erhält man bei der katalytischen Hydrierung über Pd‐Bariumsulfat das Olefin (Ib), das nach Spaltung zu (IIa) in das Azid (IIb) übergeführt und dann thermisch zu (IIIa) und (IIIb) cyclisiert wird.
Modelling and experimental study of pressure elution of high‐viscosity substances with a low‐viscosity liquid from granular bed
Authors: Błaszczyk Mariola M. , Sęk Jerzy P. , Przybysz Łukasz 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe pressurized elution of oily substances with high viscosities from porous granular media is of primary importance from the point of view of enhanced oil recovery techniques and technologies. Accurate prediction of such processes can lead to their technical and financial optimization. Modelling considerations existing in the literature neglect many factors affecting elution phenomena. Additionally, extensive experimental data are not available. Other description methods are needed to enable more precise descriptions of the process.This paper develops a theoretical model which considers the dependence of oily substance elution on many parameters characterizing porous granular beds and flowing liquids. The influence of grain size distribution in the bed was considered, as well as the finite dimensions of the real bed. The bed saturation at the beginning of the process was also included in the modelling work together with eluent flow rate and media viscosity. Theoretical considerations were verified and supported with extensive experimental measurements.
Computational comparison of regional stress and deformation characteristics in tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valve leaflets
Authors: Cao K. , Sucosky P. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital valvular defect and a major risk factor for secondary calcific aortic valve disease. While hemodynamics is presumed to be a potential contributor to this complication, the validation of this theory has been hampered by the limited knowledge of the mechanical stress abnormalities experienced by BAV leaflets and their dependence on the heterogeneous BAV fusion patterns. The objective of this study was to compare computationally the regional and temporal fluid wall shear stress (WSS) and structural deformation characteristics in tricuspid aortic valve (TAV), type‐0, and type‐I BAV leaflets. Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian fluid‐structure interaction models were designed to simulate the flow and leaflet dynamics in idealized TAV, type‐0, and type‐I BAV geometries subjected to physiologic transvalvular pressure. The regional leaflet mechanics was quantified in terms of temporal shear magnitude (TSM), oscillatory shear index (OSI), temporal shear gradient (TSG), and stretch. The simulations identified regions of WSS overloads and increased WSS bidirectionality (174% increase in temporal shear magnitude, 0.10 increase in OSI on type‐0 leaflets) in BAV leaflets relative to TAV leaflets. BAV leaflets also experienced larger radial deformations than TAV leaflets (4% increase in type‐0 BAV leaflets). Type‐I BAV leaflets exhibited contrasted WSS environments marked by WSS overloads on the non‐coronary leaflet and sub‐physiologic WSS levels on the fused leaflet. This study provides important insights into the mechanical characteristics of BAV leaflets, which may further our understanding of the role played by hemodynamic forces in BAV disease. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular and Nanoscale Sensors for Detecting Ionizing Radiation in Radiotherapy
Authors: Pushpavanam Karthik , Narayanan Eshwaran , Rege Kaushal 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEver since the discovery of radioactivity, beneficial use of ionizing radiation has been pursued for the betterment of human health. In particular, fractionated radiotherapy is commonly used in the clinic for ablation of malignant tumors. Use of higher radiation dose fractions and complex dose trajectories necessitate measurements of radiation dose delivered to the target tissue and surrounding tissues in order to ensure patient safety. Traditional dosimeters including polymer gel dosimeters, radiochromic films and metal‐oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) suffer from limitations, which complicate their day‐to‐day use in the clinic. Molecular and nanoscale systems offer great potential for the development of effective sensors of ionizing radiation, which can lead to quantitative dosimeters in biological settings. This review discusses recent developments based on organic and inorganic molecular and nanoscale dosimeters including quantum dots, polymers and plasmonic nanoparticles as platforms for radiation sensing. Potential advantages and challenges of translating these technologies to clinical applications are also discussed.
Core–Shell Silicon@Mesoporous TiO2 Heterostructure: Towards Solar‐Powered Photoelectrochemical Conversion
Authors: Pal Manas , Wu Hao , Jing Yunke , Li Xiaomin , Zhu Hongwei , Wang Changyao , Wang Shuai , Al‐Enizi Abdullah M. , Deng Yonghui , Zheng Gengfeng , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCore–shell heterostructured nanomaterials with mesopores have enormous potential applications in diverse fields. Herein, we report a facile extended Stöber method to synthesize core–shell heterostructured semiconducting nanomaterials with mesoporosity. Silver (Ag) metal‐assisted chemically wet etched p‐type silicon nanowires (Si NWs) were used as the core, and layer‐controllable mesoporous n‐type anatase TiO2 was grown as the shell to successfully fabricate the core–shell p‐Si@mesoporous n‐TiO2 hybrid materials. Detailed characterization reveals that the TiO2 shell was composed of aggregated crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles with diameters of ≈15 nm, where the TiO2 coating thickness was tuned ≈50 nm. The interstitial pores of these nanoparticles were observed with average pore sizes of 4–8 nm. The core–shell structured p‐Si@mesoporous n‐TiO2 hybrid materials were demonstrated as photocathodes for the solar‐driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) production of H2 at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface.
Electrocardiographic Effects of a Supratherapeutic Dose of Oritavancin
Authors: Mason Jay W. , Bellibas S. Eralp , Huang Nuo‐Yu , Sanabria Carlos R. , Darpo Borje 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to measure oritavancin's electrocardiographic effects at a supratherapeutic dose of 1600 mg given intravenously (IV) over 3 hours. A cohort of 150 healthy volunteers were randomized to receive placebo, oritavancin, or oral moxifloxacin 400 mg in a parallel designed thorough QT study. A supratherapeutic mean maximum oritavancin concentration (Cmax) of 232 μg/mL was achieved. There was no significant effect on baseline and placebo corrected (dd) QTcF, QRS, or heart rate; ddPR was slightly increased at most time points, with a maximum mean change of 7.7 milliseconds 1 hour after infusion. Linear PK‐PD modeling predicted a 3.2‐millisecond change in the PR interval for the Cmax (138 μg/mL) observed in pivotal phase 3 studies after 1200 mg of oritavancin. Moxifloxacin produced the expected increase in ddQTcF, validating assay sensitivity. At plasma concentrations above the clinical exposures of oritavancin, no clinically or statistically significant effect on QTcF, QRS, or heart rate was observed. The increase in PR is considered clinically insignificant, given the rapid decline in initial plasma concentration of oritavancin after infusion and the expected lower Cmax in patients. A therapeutic 1200‐mg single dose of oritavancin is not anticipated to cause any clinically significant effect on cardiac electrophysiology.
Evaluation of the Effect of Tofacitinib on the Pharmacokinetics of Oral Contraceptive Steroids in Healthy Female Volunteers
Authors: Menon Sujatha , Riese Richard , Wang Ronnie , Alvey Christine W. , Shi Haihong , Petit Wendy , Krishnaswami Sriram 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor. Tofacitinib metabolism is primarily mediated by cytochrome P450 3A4. This phase 1 randomized, open‐label, 2‐way crossover study (NCT01137708) evaluated the effect of tofacitinib 30 mg twice daily on the single‐dose pharmacokinetics of combination oral contraceptives ethinylestradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (LN). EE and LN were administered as a single Microgynon 30® tablet (30 μg EE and 150 μg LN) to 19 healthy women. In the presence of tofacitinib, the area under the curve from time zero to infinity (AUC∞) increased by 6.6% and 0.9% for EE and LN, respectively. Maximal plasma concentrations decreased by 10.4% for EE and increased by 12.2% for LN when coadministered with tofacitinib. The 90% confidence intervals for the adjusted geometric mean ratios for AUC∞ fell within the 80%–125% region for both EE and LN. Mean half‐life was similar in the presence and absence of tofacitinib: 13.8 and 13.3 hours, respectively, for EE; 25.9 and 25.4 hours, respectively, for LN. Tofacitinib had no clinically relevant net inhibitory or inductive effect on the pharmacokinetics of EE and LN. Therefore, there is no evidence to suggest dose adjustments of oral contraceptive drugs containing EE or LN when coadministered with tofacitinib.
Clinical Experience With Desvenlafaxine in Treatment of Patients With Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Authors: Allen Rob , Sharma Uma , Barlas Suna 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTwo multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled, adaptive‐design trials of desvenlafaxine for fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) were conducted. In study 1, male and female patients were randomized to a 27‐week treatment with placebo or desvenlafaxine 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/d. In study 2, female patients were randomized to an 8‐week treatment with placebo, desvenlafaxine 200 mg/d, or pregabalin 450 mg/d after a placebo run‐in. The primary efficacy end point was change from baseline in numeric rating scale (NRS) pain score. Protocol‐specified interim analyses were planned after 12 (study 1) and 8 (study 2) weeks of treatment. Safety data were collected. In all, 697 patients were randomly assigned to treatment in study 1. At the interim analysis (n = 346), none of the desvenlafaxine doses met the efficacy criteria (mean [SE] advantage over placebo, –0.21 [0.36] to 0.04 [0.35]), and the study was terminated. Study 2 was stopped for business reasons before the planned interim analysis. NRS scores in week 8 were –1.98 (0.37), –1.60 (0.37), and –1.70 (0.38) for placebo (n = 26), desvenlafaxine 250 mg/d (n = 24), and pregabalin 450 mg/d (n = 21), respectively; neither active treatment differed significantly from placebo. Desvenlafaxine was generally safe and well tolerated. Efficacy of desvenlafaxine for pain associated with FMS was not demonstrated.
Wide‐band aperture array using a four‐channel manifold‐type planar multiplexer and digital 2‐D IIR filterbank
Authors: Sengupta Arindam , Madanayake Arjuna , Gómez‐García Roberto , Belostotski Leonid 
Published: May 2016

SummaryEmerging wide‐band communications and spectrum‐sensing systems demand support for multiple electronically scanned beams while maintaining a frequency independent, constant far‐field beam width. Realizing existing phased‐array technology on a digital scale is computationally intensive. Moreover, digitizing wide‐band signals at Nyquist rate requires complex high‐speed analog‐to‐digital converters (ADCs), which is challenging for real developments driven by the current ADC technology. A low‐complexity alternative proposed in this paper is the use of radio‐frequency (RF) channelizers for spectrum division followed by sub‐sampling of the RF sub‐bands, which results in extensive reduction of the necessary ADC operative frequency. The RF‐channelized array signals are directionally filtered using 2‐D digital filterbanks. This mixed‐domain RF/digital aperture array allows sub‐sampling, without utilizing multi‐rate 2‐D systolic arrays, which are difficult to realize in practice. Simulated examples showing 14–19 dB of rejection of wide‐band interference and noise for a processed bandwidth of 1.6 GHz are demonstrated. The sampling rate is 400 MHz. The proposed VLSI hardware uses a single‐phase clock signal of 400 MHz. Prototype hardware realizations and measurement using 65‐nm Xilinx field‐programmable gate arrays, as well as Cadence RTL synthesis results including gate counts, area‐time complexity, and dynamic power consumption for a 45‐nm CMOS circuit operating at BDC = 1.1 V, are presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal effects as drivers of sibling competition in a parent–offspring conflict context? An experimental test
Authors: Merkling Thomas , Perrot Charlotte , Helfenstein Fabrice , Ferdy Jean‐Baptiste , Gaillard Laurent , Lefol Emilie , Voisin Emmanuelle , Hatch Scott A. , Danchin Etienne , Blanchard Pierrick 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMaternal effects occur when the mother's phenotype influences her offspring's phenotype. In birds, differential allocation in egg yolk components can allow mothers to compensate for the competitive disadvantage of junior chicks. We hypothesize that the parent–older chick conflict peaks at intermediate conditions: parents benefit from the younger chick(s) survival, but its death benefits the older chick in terms of growth and survival. We thus expect maternal compensation to follow a bell‐shaped pattern in relation to environmental conditions. We studied a black‐legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) population where previous results revealed increased allocation of yolk testosterone in younger as compared to older chicks in intermediate conditions, in line with our theoretical framework. We therefore predicted a maternally induced increase in aggressiveness, growth, and survival for younger chicks born in intermediate environmental conditions. Controlling for parental effects and chick sex, we manipulated food availability before egg laying to create a situation with intermediate (Unfed group) and good (Fed group) environmental conditions. Within each feeding treatment, we further created experimental broods where the natural hatching order was reversed to maximize our chances to observe an effect of feeding treatment on the younger chicks' aggressiveness. As predicted, we found that chick aggressiveness was higher in younger chicks born from the Unfed group (i.e., in intermediate environmental conditions), but only when they were put in a senior position, in reversed broods. Predictions on growth and survival were not confirmed. Mothers thus seem to favor the competitiveness of their younger chick in intermediate conditions via egg yolk components, but our study also suggests that hatching asynchrony need to be small for maternal compensation to be efficient. We emphasize the need for further studies investigating other chick behaviors (e.g., begging) and focusing on the relative role of different yolk components in shaping parent–offspring conflict over sibling competition.
An Oxidation–Amidation Approach for the Synthesis of Glycuronamides
Authors: Lin Sicheng , Ashmus Roger A. , Lowary Todd L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA route for the synthesis of glycuronamides via the intermediacy of 6‐S‐tolyl‐substituted glycosides and uronic acid thioesters, is reported. The route, which is compatible with a variety of carbohydrate residues and protecting groups, was used to synthesize the repeating unit of the E. coli K54 capsular polysaccharide.
Nanostructured Particles for Controlled Polymer Release in Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Tamsilian Yousef , S. A. Ahmad Ramazani , Shaban Masoom , Ayatollahi Shahab , de la Cal Jose C. , Sheng James J. , Tomovska Radmila 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWith the decline in oil discoveries over recent decades, it is believed that enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies will play a key role to meet energy demand in the coming years. Polymer flooding is used commonly worldwide as an EOR process. In this work, we propose the synthesis of protected polyacrylamide (PAM) nanoparticles (PPNs) with a hydrophobic polystyrene (PSt) shell by one‐pot two‐step inverse emulsion polymerization, in which the PSt shell was created by surface polymerization. The shell protects the active PAM chains from premature degradation caused by the harsh environment in the reservoirs, controls the release of the chains as rheological modifiers, and additionally, it provides the chains with prolonged stability. The time‐dependent release of the PPNs promotes the effectiveness of the PPNs as viscosity modifiers, as the maximum viscosity enhancement is achieved at longer residence times in the reservoirs. This can be up to 30 days, and the released polymer maintained its activity. Under conditions of high salinity (total dissolved solids=178 082 mg L−1), temperatures up to 90 °C, and shear rates up to 1000 s−1, PPNs have shown superior properties, such as elastic modulus, shear rate behavior, viscosity loss, and sand adsorption over PAM, whereas the areal sweep efficiency of PPNs is similar to that of PAM and higher than that of conventional water flooding. All of this makes PPNs promising candidates for polymer‐enhanced oil recovery.
Simulating the thermal response of the flame manikin with different materials exposed to flash fire by CFD
Authors: Tian Miao , Li Jun 
Published: May 2016

SummaryTo investigate the differences of thermal response between heat flux sensors and human skin on the flame manikin, a three‐dimensional heat transfer model was developed and validated by the flame manikin system. The initial temperature of the model with sensor material was set to 300 K, and the model with skin material was set as the real condition. Simulated results validated the effectiveness of heat flux measured by the sensor. The incident heat flux through the measured surface was influenced by the different emissivity of the human skin and experimental sensors. Significant difference was found for the temperature response of these two kinds of materials within 4‐s fire exposure. The heat flux measured by sensor or the simulated results with actual human skin parameters could be used as the input boundary condition of the skin heat transfer model for Henriques's skin burn prediction. It is necessary to study the actual skin thermal response by experiments, where the 3D model established in this study could be used as the supplementary means for skin simulant sensor development. These findings will also be adopted in our following study of skin burn prediction module in the 3D full‐scale simulation platform. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal and mechanical transient behaviour of steel doors installed in non‐load‐bearing partition wall assemblies during exposure to the standard fire test
Authors: Nassif Ayman Y. , Yoshitake Isamu , Vimonsatit Vanissorn 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYIn this paper, the authors present experimental results and observations of four full‐scale standard fire tests on single‐leaf steel doors and steel frames installed in 3 × 3 m non‐load‐bearing partition walls. Three full‐scale fire tests were performed on steel doors installed in lightweight partition walls constructed by using steel C‐section studs with gypsum boards fixed on both sides. Two lightweight walls incorporated Rockwool cavity insulation, while the third lightweight wall was constructed without cavity insulation. The fourth fire test involved a steel door installed in a masonry partition wall. While the steel door leaf and door frames were identical in all four full‐scale tests, only the steel door installed in the masonry wall achieved the desired fire resistance rating of 30 min. The integrity criterion for fire resistance was determined for the scenario when the door opened away from the furnace. The duration of fire resistance according to the integrity criterion was found to be 38, 25 and 19 min for the same door when installed in masonry wall, uninsulated lightweight wall and insulated lightweight wall respectively. For the thermal insulation criterion of fire resistance, the scenario of the door opening into the fire was found to be the most onerous. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.