bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing pediatric wait times using the model of human performance technology
Authors: Hoyt-Hallett Gillian , Beckers Kim , Enman Michael , Betuzzi Conny 
Published: January 2017

Background When traditional approaches to waitlist management are unsuccessful, service managers and providers must consider alternatives. Purpose To describe how the model of human performance technology was used to address an extensive pediatric waitlist. Methods Data were obtained from in-depth interviews with clinicians, educators, and parents and analyzed according to the model. Findings The need for a paradigm shift from a linear model of service delivery to a continuum of service was identified which could meet the unique needs of each child and family. Services include information, education, and supports, and all are grounded in principles of family-centred care. Implications The model of human performance technology provided a systematic approach with which to reveal the reason for extensive wait times for pediatric occupational therapy service. The model suggested a paradigm shift from a linear model of care to a continuum of care grounded in family-centred care. Implementation and evaluation of this new care model are ongoing.
TRQs and the WTO
Authors: Damodaran A. 
Published: January 2017

By virtue of their complexity and sensitivity, TRQs have naturally emerged as one of the key issues in the WTO agricultural negotiations. TRQs form an uneasy compromise between market access and tariffication. TRQs applying countries with a-strong track record ofp rotectionism have a difficult problem at hand, when it comes to designing these mechanisms. Indeed the task of balancing national interests with international obligations on market access is a key challenge to trade policy formulation in the developing world. TRQs that meet the criteria of uniformity, equity and transparency may achieve WTO compatibility, though it is doubtful whether they would serve the economic development priorities of the developing countries. This paper attempts to look into the prospects and options before India in designing WTO compatible TRQ regimes for agricultural commodities. The paper also examines key issues concerning TRQs that need to be taken up in the forthcoming round ofWTO negotiations.
Global Knowledge Game… Wildcard for India!
Authors: Patra Sudipto , Roy Raj K. 
Published: January 2017

Globalisation has brought all sorts of questions pertaining to Indian MNCs to the fore. The enlargement of the freedom to tap the competitive potential, unhindered by geographical restrictions, is at the heart of these forces of globalisation. It endangers the entrenched domestic market players of the cocooned era of the past, simultaneously presenting them the opportunity to look beyond their traditional market (home) and to leverage its strengths to gain higher profitability. From the Indian perspective, we found that there is a plethora of opportunities and Indian companies can really win this global game if they play it right. In the changing context of business with world moving definitely to a global village we have raised certain questions and tried to answer them in the paper. What is India's competitive advantage? What is the strength that Indian companies can play with to capitalise upon the opportunities that are arising in the global business scenario, at the same time dodging the threats and overcoming their weaknesses? Who are these multinationals that we keep referring to? Are they the giants of the Indian industry? Are they the doyens of the brick and mortar era? Or are they the new-age players in knowledge economy? Why is it that the Indian manufacturing sector could not deliver quality in last 40 years while IT could achieve it in less than a decade? Were there policy bottlenecks that stifled the traditional Indian companies to a stunted Indian presence or something internal to them? There is a question-mark on the traditional definition of an MNC itself - "Company with operation bases in countries other than that of its origin". When a large part of manufacturing is relocating itself in countries that offer the factor cost advantages, as is available in South-East Asia and China, how relevant is the traditional definition of an MNC? isn't MNC the one which looks at transnational marketing, creating global brands, with localised operations (not necessarily in home country) that allow it to attain highest profitability? Why can't TATA and Reliance be dubbed MNCs if they can play to these rules? We found that the Indian MNCs also have certain inherent strengths that can catapult them to the global arena Experience gained by the Indian industry over the last 55 years Accumulated knowledge capital Entrepreneurial spirit shown in the right kind of conditions A new mirldset that is emerging slowly but definitely . Though we are yet to take these strengths to the final frontier of customer satisfaction and the highest order in the business value chain - selling to customers directly or creating global brands - it is only pertinent that we revisit the Indian business scenario with the confidence of delivering quality products as IT has shown. The same factors can help the Indian MN Cs to face the challenges and emerge winners in the new global ball game. We have suggested a broad pack of strategies, which are going to be indispensable for Indian MNCs in 2010 and beyond.
Challenges and Strategies for Indian IT MNCs in 2010
Authors: Pande Kirti , Gundu Raja K. 
Published: January 2017

IT service providers in India have been increasingly concerned about competitive threat to their export business from emergingfirms in China. The world over competition is being replaced by co-opetition. Competitors are becoming global in their view of service markets and are driven by demand from buyers for dealing with well-known trusted and large service brands. Alliance with Chinese firms will allow scale and risk diversification for Indian vendors to compete as global brands. Opportunity for achieving scale of operations emerge from projections of the Chinese software market size to grow to $22-27 billion' by year 2006 from $5.024 billion in 2000. Risk diversification opportunity exists in the form of expanding markets to Japan and South Korea. A word of caution is that the hype surrounding China will eventually subside. A hype cycle Model enumerates why the predicted revenues might not be realised due to government policies and economic turmoil, hence entry strategy should be well timed. We suggest entry in 2004 as appropriate timing for Indian MNCs. On the other hand the perceived threat of China emerging as an alternative outsourcing base is not substantiated by facts. Based on current data we estimate an acute shortage in skilled labour. India too will face skill shortages to a lesser degree. We recommend process innovation in software development methodologies as a strategy for meeting the projected supply shortages. Finally, companies are likely to face internal challenges. The genesis of these challenges lie in its implementation part and top management vision. A balanced scorecard has been evolved for IT companies to link strategies with critical success factors and generate key performance measures for internal strength of the organisation. The paper tries to make certain recommendations which are emerged during the discussions with various CEOs of different companies.
Ideas of Distorted Ethnic Identity in 43 Cases of Psychosis
Authors: Bhugra Dinesh 
Published: January 2017

Objective : Distorted ethnic identity is a difficult concept to define, but relates to individuals from one ethnic group thinking that they want to belong to another ethnic group or that they do so already, but have been "misattributed" to the wrong category. The aim of the present study is to study descriptions of these behaviours. Method: Patients admitted to three hospitals in London were screened by the respective teams looking after them and case notes studied. No direct interviews were carried out. Results: A total of 43 cases were identified. A large proportion were African-Caribbean males who fulfilled the criteria for DSM-IV diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia. Female patients were more likely to use extreme measures to alter their appearance. Conclusions: Majority white culture may influence vulnerable patients who have psychoses to incorporate a range of ideas of distorted ethnic identity in their psychopathology.
Pedestrian Deaths following Collisions with Heavy Goods Vehicles
Authors: Wyatt Jonathan P , Martin Alastair , Beard Diana , Busuttil Anthony 
Published: January 2017

Pedestrian fatalities following collisions with heavy goods vehicles (‘lorries’) in south-east Scotland were studied between 1992 and 1998. Data sources included police and ambulance reports, forensic medicine records, hospital casenotes and the Scottish Trauma Audit Group database. All injuries were scored according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale, yielding Injury Severity Scores (ISS). Sixteen pedestrians (mean age 60.2 years) died after being hit by a lorry. Actions of pedestrians were implicated in causing all the collisions - four of which appeared to be suicides. Four of the apparently accidental deaths involved pedestrians with significant blood alcohol levels. Thirteen pedestrians were dead when found. Ten pedestrians had an ISS of 75, having a total of 13 injuries acknowledged to be unsurvivable (Abbreviated Injury Scale = 6), largely to the head and chest. The unsurvivable injuries reflect huge forces, explaining why only a small proportion of the pedestrians survived to hospital. There is little potential to reduce the number of deaths by improving hospital treatment, rather the focus needs to be directed towards injury prevention. Although pedestrians appeared to be responsible for the collisions, the results suggest it may be more feasible and effective to direct injury prevention measures towards lorry drivers.
A Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Soil Saccharide Content and its Application in Forensic Science
Authors: Dudley R. J. 
Published: January 2017

A colorimetric method for the determination of soil saccharide content and its use in discriminating between soils has been examined. The variation of saccharide content within a given dry-soil colour has been determined and found to be quite considerable. However, some correlation was found to exist between saccharide content and dry-soil colour. Although the effect of this correlation has not been fully examined it probably means that the good discrimination available varies between dry colours, No correlation was found to exist between saccharide content and pH of the soil when these two properties were studied for a collection of twenty-four soils, thus showing that the discriminations available by each method are truly complementary. A study of the effects of storage of a moist soil in a sealed polythene bag indicated no change in saccharide content for up to 14 days' storage.
A Review of the Literature as to the Present Possibilities and Limitations in Estimating the Time of Death
Authors: Van Den Oever R. 
Published: January 2017

Determining the exact moment of death in medicolegal cases is not possible since post-mortem changes of the human body are variable and often misjudged. The most reliable physical and biochemical methods of estimating the post-mortem interval are reviewed and the author tries to find out why, in spite of all the previous studies, which have often given good results, the individual methods are neither popular nor practical in routine forensic medicine cases. For greater accuracy in estimating the time of death further investigation should be carried out to find a suitable combination of some physical and biochemical tests complementary to the data produced by each method and preventing the rather large error range of each individual test.
The Physical and Psychological Effects on Victims of the Sarin Gas Attack, Tokyo Subway in 1995
Authors: Uchiyama Ayako 
Published: January 2017

The sarin gas attack in Tokyo in 1995 was the largest-scale terrorist attack ever experienced in Japan and it brought to public attention the problems of the long-term physical and psychological effects on the thousands of innocent victims. In response to this public concern, a survey of the victims was conducted by the Japanese National Police Agency in cooperation with the National Research Institute of Police Science in Japan. The author of this article was responsible for the process and management of the survey which was supported by a government budget as part of a project on victim assistance. the article gives a description of the group which was responsible for the incident, how its members were organised and how they carried out the attack. There then follows a detailed account of the two-part survey, the procedures adopted and the results.
“Organized Crime”
Authors: Hayes Colin 
Published: January 2017

The writer has served for [Formula: see text] years as a police officer in England, Northern Rhodesia, and Canada, the last eight and a half years as Chief of Police. The writer has undertaken courses of training in all the above countries, together with the United States, and holds certificates in Police Administration from the Ontario Police College, and in Municipal Police Administration from Institute for Training in Municipal Administration, and is a graduate of the Traffic Command School of the Pennsylvania State University.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in ADHD and LD in Young School-Age Children: Parental Reports in the National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Pastor Patricia N. , Reuben Cynthia A. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives. Racial and ethnic disparities have been documented for many physical health outcomes in children. Less is known, however, about disparities in behavioral and learning disorders in children. This study uses data from a national health survey to examine racial and ethnic differences in identified attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disability (LD). Methods. The 1997–2001 National Health Interview Surveys obtained information from parents about the health and sociodemographic characteristics of children. Using these data, prevalence rates of identified ADHD and/or LD were estimated for Hispanic, African American, and white children 6–11 years of age. Racial and ethnic differences in health conditions, income, and insurance coverage were examined as possible explanations for disparities in parental reports of ADHD and LD, as well as the use of any prescription medication among children with ADHD. Results. Hispanic and African American children, compared to white children, had parental reports of identified ADHD without LD less often, and adjustments for the confounding variables—birthweight, income, and insurance coverage—did not eliminate these differences. Hispanic and African American children, compared to white children, also had parental reports of ADHD with LD less often after adjustments for the effects of confounding variables. By contrast, after adjustments for confounding variables, Hispanic and African American children were as likely as white children to have LD without ADHD. Among children with ADHD, use of any prescription medication was reported less often for Hispanic and African American children than white children. These disparities in medication use persisted after adjustments for confounding variables. Conclusions. The prevalence of ADHD and the use of any prescription medication among children with ADHD differed among Hispanic, African American, and white children. These disparities could not be explained by racial and ethnic differences in other health conditions and sociodemographic variables.
Limited English Proficiency, Primary Language at Home, and Disparities in Children's Health Care: How Language Barriers are Measured Matters
Authors: Flores Glenn , Abreu Milagros , Tomany-Korman Sandra C. 
Published: January 2017

Background. Approximately 3.5 million U.S. schoolchildren are limited in English proficiency (LEP). Disparities in children's health and health care are associated with both LEP and speaking a language other than English at home, but prior research has not examined which of these two measures of language barriers is most useful in examining health care disparities. Objectives. Our objectives were to compare primary language spoken at home vs. parental LEP and their associations with health status, access to care, and use of health services in children. Methods. We surveyed parents at urban community sites in Boston, asking 74 questions on children's health status, access to health care, and use of health services. Results. Some 98% of the 1,100 participating children and families were of non-white race/ethnicity, 72% of parents were LEP, and 13 different primary languages were spoken at home. “Dose-response” relationships were observed between parental English proficiency and several child and parental sociodemographic features, including children's insurance coverage, parental educational attainment, citizenship and employment, and family income. Similar “dose-response” relationships were noted between the primary language spoken at home and many but not all of the same sociodemographic features. In multivariate analyses, LEP parents were associated with triple the odds of a child having fair/poor health status, double the odds of the child spending at least one day in bed for illness in the past year, and significantly greater odds of children not being brought in for needed medical care for six of nine access barriers to care. None of these findings were observed in analyses of the primary language spoken at home. Individual parental LEP categories were associated with different risks of adverse health status and outcomes. Conclusions. Parental LEP is superior to the primary language spoken at home as a measure of the impact of language barriers on children's health and health care. Individual parental LEP categories are associated with different risks of adverse outcomes in children's health and health care. Consistent data collection on parental English proficiency and referral of LEP parents to English classes by pediatric providers have the potential to contribute toward reduction and elimination of health care disparities for children of LEP parents.
Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Blood Lead Levels among Mexican-American Children and Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Morales Leo S. , Gutierrez Peter , Escarce Jose J. 
Published: January 2017

Objective. This study was designed to assess demographic and socioeconomic differences in blood lead levels (BLLs) among Mexican-American children and adolescents in the United States. Methods. We analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994, for 3,325 Mexican-American youth aged 1 to 17 years. The main study outcome measures included a continuous measure (μg/dL) of BLL and two dichotomous measures of BLL (⩾5 μg/dL and ⩾10 μg/dL). Results. The mean BLL among Mexican-American children in the United States was 3.45 μg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.07, 3.87); 20% had BLL ⩾5 μg/dL (95% CI 15%, 24%); and 4% had BLL ⩾10 μg/dL (95% CI 2%, 6%). In multivariate analyses, gender, age, generational status, home language, family income, education of head of household, age of housing, and source of drinking water were statistically significant independent predictors ( p<0.05) of having higher BLLs and of having BLL ⩾5 μg/dL, whereas age, family income, housing age, and source of drinking water were significant predictors ( p<0.05) of having BLL ⩾10 μg/dL. Conclusions. Significant differences in the risk of having elevated BLLs exist among Mexican-American youth. Those at greatest risk should be prioritized for lead screening and lead exposure abatement interventions.
Pediatric Asthma Surveillance Using Medicaid Claims
Authors: Dombkowski Kevin J. , Wasilevich Elizabeth A. , Lyon-Callo Sarah K. 
Published: January 2017

Objective. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of asthma among children using alternative case definitions applied to administrative claims data, and to assess year-to-year classification concordance. Methods. This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of 357,729 children 0–18 years using 2001–2002 Michigan Medicaid claims. Asthma cases were classified using six alternative definitions based on outpatient, emergency department, inpatient, and pharmacy claims for asthma, including the Health Plan Employer Data Information Set (HEDIS) persistent asthma criteria commonly used for assessments of asthma health care quality: at least one asthma inpatient admission or emergency department visit, four or more asthma medications events, or four asthma outpatient visits and two asthma medication events. Results. Overall, asthma prevalence varied widely between alternative case definitions, ranging from 14.9% based on claims evidence of any type of asthma utilization to 3.7% when restricted to those with four or more asthma medication dispensing events. Among cases meeting HEDIS persistent asthma criteria in 2001, 55.5% met these criteria in 2002. Those with four or more asthma medication dispensing events had the best overall classification concordance between 2001 and 2002. Utilization of asthma services and prevalence estimates were highest among children younger than 5 years old, but year-to-year classification concordance was poorest among these cases (p<0.0001), irrespective of case definition. Conclusions. While overall asthma prevalence may remain relatively stable from year to year, individuals may not be classified consistently as cases over time, regardless of case definition. Studies that identify asthma cases in one year and assess asthma outcomes in a subsequent year may introduce substantial bias as a result of case misclassification. Among the case definitions considered in this study, our findings suggest that this bias is minimized among cases classified using the four or more asthma medication dispensing events criterion.
Surveillance Programs for Chronic Viral Hepatitis in Three Health Departments
Authors: Fleming Douglas T. , Zambrowski Amy , Fong Felicia , Lombard Andrea , Mercedes Lynne , Miller Claudia , Poujade Jan , Roome Aaron , Sullivan Amy , Finelli Lyn 
Published: January 2017

Although chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C are diseases of public health importance, only a few health departments nationally have chronic viral hepatitis under surveillance; these programs rely primarily on direct reporting by medical laboratories. We conducted an evaluation to determine if lessons from these programs can guide other health departments. Between December 2002 and February 2003, we visited the Connecticut Department of Public Health, the Multnomah County Health Department in Portland, Oregon, and the Minnesota Department of Health to determine the capacity of their chronic hepatitis registries to monitor trends and provide case management. We found that the registries facilitated investigations of potentially acute cases by identifying previously known infections, and aided prevention planning by pinpointing areas where viral hepatitis was being diagnosed. For chronic cases, case management (defined as the process of ensuring that infected individuals and their partners receive medical evaluation, counseling, vaccination, and referral to specialists for treatment when indicated) was provided for hepatitis B in Multnomah County, but was limited in other programs; barriers included resource constraints, difficulties confirming chronic infection, and privacy concerns. Finding innovative ways to overcome these barriers and improve case management is important if chronic hepatitis surveillance is to realize its full potential.