bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Networking Action Research: Theorising Experiential Learning for a Sustainable Environment
Authors: Singh Michael 
Published: July 2016

Years later, when Rahel returned to the river, it greeted her with a ghastly skull's smile, with holes where teeth had been, and a limp hand raised from a hospital bed.Both things had happened.It had shrunk. And she had grown.Downriver, a saltwater barrage had been built, in exchange for votes from the influential paddy-farmer lobby. The barrage regulated the inflow of saltwater from the backwaters that opened into the Arabian Sea. So now they had two harvests a year instead of one. More rice, for the price of a river.Despite the fact that it was June, and raining, the river was no more than a swollen drain now. A thin ribbon of thick water that lapped wearily at the mud banks on either side, sequined with the occasional silver slant of a dead fish. It was choked with a succulent weed, whose furred brown roots waved like thin tentacles under water. Bronze-winged lily-trotters walked across it. Splay-footed, cautious.Once it had had the power to evoke fear. To change lives. But now its teeth were drawn, its spirit spent. It was just a slow, sludging green ribbon lawn that ferried fetid garbage to the sea. Bright plastic bags blew across its viscous, weedy surface like subtropical flying-flowers (Roy 1997, p. 124).
Fourteen Facets to the Character of an Effective Environmental Educator
Authors: Rubell Ken 
Published: July 2016

This is not an academic paper. I write in the first person. And I write out of my own experience - not as a researcher but as a practitioner. So perhaps this is more like a letter, from one imperfect practitioner to others.I live in a region of Australia where the main industry is coal mining. I and a partner run a small environmental education centre at the end of the farmland and the beginning of the forest in a peaceful and beautiful valley. I am privileged to work with around a thousand young people each year - mostly 9-12-year-olds. They and the living world of the forest where I live, are my teachers. The greatest joy of my work is that it is an endless process of learning and sharing: such is the vocation of an environmental educator. Children come to Wangat Lodge for three or four days. They come in groups of around thirty to forty - small enough for me to learn all of their names. We spend most of our time outdoors. I talk too much; I know they gain most when they are discovering things for themselves. We sing. We walk. We mime. We dance. We act. We write bad poetry. I could not wish for more fulfilling work.
Analysing Environmental Education Curricula: The Case of the IBO's Environmental Systems
Authors: Maxwell Tom , Metcalfe Peter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper uses a two part analysis of a new syllabus document developed by the International Baccalaureate Organisation (IBO) for its Diploma in the area of environmental studies. The environmental analysis Is based on the need for concepts to support sustainability. Key ideas in this model are natural systems of flows of energy, cycles of materials and webs of life and human impact on these natural systems. This analysis suggests that some concepts for sustainability, such as soil and water as basic resources, are not covered adequately and that the identification of the syllabus as a science precludes essential economic and social sciences considerations and the dominance of the methodology of manipulation. Using the Habermasian technical, practical and emancipatory interests as analytical categories, serious difficulties are identified. These include the likely lack of congruence of the syllabus with the advertised philosophy of the Diploma and the fundamental technical interest of control expressed in the syllabus. Taken together, It is probable that in many teachers' hands students may inadvertently learn about exploitation rather than sustainability of the environment. Modifications to the syllabus are proposed.
Curricula for Optimism: Implications for Environmental Educators
Authors: Harding Stephan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe paper sets out suggestions for seven areas of study within curricula whose practitioners Intend them to prepare students for the difficult task of pursuing sustainabllity at personal and community levels within societies not yet close to taking that pursuit seriously. In addition to developing clear understandings about sustainabllity, biodiversity, climate change and psychological roots of ecological crises students need to experience Deep Ecology cognltively and personally, and to take action. Some difficulties this poses for environmental educators and education systems are outlined.
Environmentalism as Social Purpose in Higher Education: A Green Education Agenda
Authors: Dyer Ken 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper considers some recent ideas about tertiary environmental education and about environmentalism as an emerging social purpose of universities. It shows that total reliance on education about the environment results in unacceptable views of the environment, environmental education and environmental problems'. The paper considers approaches to teaching, arguing for one which assumes that learners construct their own concepts of the environment It distinguishes between current discipline-based teaching in universities and the more holistic Green Education. The paper concludes with a list of characteristics of Green Education which follow from the arguments presented.
An Evaluation of Saltwatch: A School and Community Action Research Environmental Education Project
Authors: Pfueller Sharron L. , Innes-Wardell Ian , Skondras Helen , Marshall Dianne , Kruger Tarnya ,   Australian Nature Conservation Agency
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Saltwatch environmental education program aims to increase awareness and understanding of salinity and thereby to stimulate remedial and preventative action. An evaluation of the program in Victoria in 1995 revealed its wide use across school curricula, and subsequent practical environmental action in 53% of schools. Participation in Saltwatch and subsequent environmental activities were more restricted in community groups. The paper concludes with a discussion of Saltwatch's success and possible improvements.
Environmental Education Towards Personal, Professional and Societal Change: Possibilities for Distance Education
Authors: Plant Malcolm 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper I describe the design of distance education texts that encourage the kinds of student-tutor dialogue which ‘industrial’ methods of course delivery may find hard to achieve, and how such texts enable students and their tutors to be critically reflective about the theory and practice of environmental education in different cultural contexts. Aspects of the following are discussed - the limitations of ‘new technologies’ in resolving issues faced by distance educators; the potential of open texts in distance education; ways of supporting students in necessary critical reflection; the Importance of social belonging for students, especially those of distance education courses in environmental education. The paper concludes with a series of suggestions for colleagues wishing to establish culturally sensitive, critically reflective distance education courses in environmental education.
Gendering Environmental Education Reform: Identifying the Constitutive Power of Environmental Discourses
Authors: Barron Deirdre 
Published: July 2016

This study was undertaken to examine the ways, and to what extent, boys and girls entering school have positioned themselves in relation to discourses about the environment and the implications this has for environmental education. I was inspired by Davies (1989) and Davies' and Banks' (1992) studies of the ways in which gender was constituted through the discursive practices of girls and boys and the ‘… political implications of the ways in which children are constrained by the dominant gender discourses …’ (Davies and Banks 1992, p. 2). I was also influenced by the current ecofeminist scholarship that looks at the political implications of the perceived right in Western cultures to dominate the non-human.While I am anxious to avoid labelling the children as masculine and feminine based on their biological sex it is interesting to note that in my study of young children's perceptions of environment the discourses of male ‘culture’ ascendancy were more often taken up by boys, while the marginalised discourses that opposed culture as ascendant were more often taken up by girls. I am concerned with the implications of these gendered constructions of environment for girls, nature and environmental education reform.
Humans and Nature: A Spectrum Not a Dichotomy
Authors: Dyer Ken , Gunnell Pam 
Published: July 2016

Among the most significant, controversial and difficult concepts for environmental educators and students alike to come to terms with are those of the anthropocentric (or totally human centred) view of the environment compared with the biocentric (or totally non-human centred) attitude to the environment. The concepts are significant because they represent profoundly different philosophical positions and also because they may have far reaching implications and, therefore, consequences in practice. Eckersley (1992, p.26) says:… the most fundamental division from an ecophilosophical point of view is between those who adopt an anthropocentric ecological perspective and those who adopt a nonanthropocentric ecological (or ecocentric) perspective.They are controversial because both views have been said, by different authors, to be either totally disastrous or absolutely redeeming for the planet. For instance, in his recent authoritative and well received book Towards A Transpersonal Ecology, philosopher Warwick Fox writes (1990, p. 13)… anthropocentrism represents not only a deluded but a dangerous orientation toward the world.and adds (1990, pp. 18-19) that it is… empirically bankrupt and theoretically disastrous, practically disastrous, logically inconsistent, morally objectionable and incongruent with a genuinely open approach to experience.Yet Jeff Bennett, expressing the anthropocentric view in a volume entitled Reconciling Economics and the Environment, says that… a complete property rights system over ecosystems, and even individual species making up an ecosystem, can ensure their conservation.(Bennett & Block 1991, p.272)
An Ecocentric Paradigm: An Important Tool for Teachers of Environmental Education
Authors: Salite Ilga 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe paper discusses the nature of an ecocentric view of humans and the Earth, and how this connects with the development of human spirituality. The relationship of these ideas to environmental education is explored, and an outline provided of how humanistic educational methods might contribute to students developing ecocentric views, their unique spirituality and environmentally supportive behaviours.
Opportunities for Environmental Education Provided by Environmental Management Systems
Authors: Thomas Ian , Olsson Mary 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe development and implementation of a training program is a requirement of Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) certified under international standards. To date, information about these programs has been scarce. The paper reports the results of a survey of 20 Australian organisations with certified EMSs, designed to provide a start in understanding the role and contribution of training in meeting EMS objectives. Information was sought on the status, direction and focus of the training programs, along with the training providers, topics covered, and the range of training mechanisms. Broadly the findings illustrate differences in the training provided to staff generally, selected staff and to managers. Of importance for environmental educators is the extent to which education in the environment and education about the environment are already part of these training programs. Education for the environment is apparent in some training programs, indicating the scope that EMSs provide for the coverage of all three aspects of environmental education for the general community.
Controversy in the classroom — the Boondall wetlands issue
Authors: Hoepper Brian , Knight Jean 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Boondall wetlands development project seemed an ideal focus for a critical teaching experiment in a Brisbane primary school. Sixty-five students in an ungraded Years 4/5/6 classroom were introduced to the processes of critical investigation and decision making, and applied these to an extensive study of the Boondall project. Their experiences included the study of print, graphic and video materials related to the issue, a visit to the site, and discussions with consevationists and a local alderman. Eventually, groups formed according to the final decision made, and presentation of each case was planned. Throughout, special sessions encouraged students to reflect upon the nature of controversy, the process of investigation, and the quality of decision making.
Impacts of Advertising, Attitudes, Lifestyles, and Health on the Demand for U.S. Pork: A Micro-Level Analysis
Authors: Capps Oral , Park Jaehong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUsing data from the 1994-1996 CSFII/DHKS, we identify and assess factors affecting the decision to consume pork and conditional on consuming pork, the decision of the amount of pork intake. Branded and generic advertising of pork play a prominent role in both decisions. Beef advertising, however, does not significantly affect either the probability of consuming pork or the amount of pork intake. Key health, attitudinal and lifestyle factors are smoking status, dietary status, body mass index, the importance of nutrition in buying food, and trimming visible fat from meat. These factors however impact the probability of consuming pork rather than the amount of pork consumed. Region, urbanization, race, age, income, and seasonality also affect pork demand.
Restrictions on the Effects of Preference Variables in the Rotterdam Model
Authors: Brown Mark G. , Lee Jonq-Ying 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study examines imposing and testing restrictions on preference variables in the Rotterdam model through the impacts of these variables on marginal utilities. An empirical analysis of the impact of a female labor force participation variable in a Rotterdam demand system for fresh fruit illustrates the methodology. This variable was modeled through its impact on marginal utilities via “adjusted” prices, following theoretical work by Basmann and Barten, among others. Results show that the female labor participation has negatively impacted the demands for citrus, while positively impacting the demands for other fresh fruit.
Consumer Demand for Mandatory Labeling of Beef from Cattle Administered Growth Hormones or Fed Genetically Modified Corn
Authors: Lusk Jayson L. , Fox John A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study estimates the value of policies that would mandate labeling of beef from cattle produced with growth hormones or fed genetically modified corn. At no cost, 85 percent of respondents desired mandatory labeling of beef produced with growth hormones and 64 percent of respondents preferred mandatory labeling of beef fed genetically modified corn. Estimates suggest that consumers would be willing to pay 17.0 percent and 10.6 percent higher prices for beef on average to obtain information provided via mandatory labeling about whether the beef is from cattle produced with growth hormones or fed genetically modified corn, respectively.
The Impact of HACCP on Costs and Product Exit
Authors: Hooker Neal H. , Nayga Rodolfo M. , Siebert John W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDetailed information on firm level food safety costs is reported. Survey data for small and very small meat processors are modeled. Economies of scale in implementing Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems are investigated. Results indicate that even after controlling for scale, very small plants incur higher compliance costs. Diseconomies of scope are assessed using the probability and number of products discontinued due to HACCP. Such “partial exit” is positively related to the current range of items produced and the need for facility modification. However, no evidence is found for higher levels of partial exit in very small plants.
Payoffs to Farm Management: How Important is Crop Marketing?
Authors: Nivens Heather D. , Kastens Terry L. , Dhuyvetter Kevin C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn production agriculture, good management is demonstrated by profits that are persistently greater than those of similar neighboring farms. This research examined the effects of management practices on risk-adjusted profit per acre for Kansas farms over 1990-1999. The management practices were price, cost, yield, planting intensity, and technology adoption (less-tillage). Cost management, planting intensity, and technology adoption had the greatest effect on profit per acre, and cash price management was found to have the smallest impact. If producers wish to have continuously high profits, their efforts are best spent in management practices over which they have the most control.
An Analysis of the Effects of Feed Ingredient Price Risk on the Selection of Minimum Cost Backgrounding Feed Rations
Authors: Coffey Brian K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe traditional minimum cost feed ration linear programming model is expanded to permit risk management responses to price variability associated with feeding a particular ration across time. The cost minimizing objective function also considers feed costs in a mean-variance (E-V) framework. The model is specified using NRC nutrient requirements and an historic Feedstuffs price series. A decision-maker can choose his/her optimal ration by making tradeoffs between price risk and net income. The results should provide a basis for decision tools that allow livestock producers to manage the net income risk involved in the selection of a feed ration.
Program Participation Behavior of Nonindustrial Forest Landowners: A Probit Analysis
Authors: Nagubadi Venkatarao , McNamara Kevin T. , Hoover William L. , Mills Walter L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study provides an analysis of nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners' participation in forestry assistance programs. A probit model was used for data collected from a random sample of 329 Indiana landowners. The analysis revealed that total land owned, commercial reasons for ownership, government sources of information, and membership in forestry organizations influenced NIPF landowners' program participation. Age, fear of loss of property rights, and duration since the first wooded tract was acquired also influenced program participation. Location of landowners' residence on their wooded land and landowners' knowledge of and willingness to participate in a conservation easement influenced the participation in cost-share programs.
Rural-Urban Economic Linkages for Agriculture and Food Processing in the Monroe, Louisiana, Functional Economic Area
Authors: Hughes David W. , Litz Vaneska N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn interregional input-output model of the Monroe, Louisiana, Functional Economic Area constructed with IMPLAN is used to assess economic linkages between a small urban core and a surrounding rural periphery. The contribution of agriculture, especially in the rural periphery, to the urban core (Ouachita Parish) economy is demonstrated. Also assessed is the possibility of using the core's food processing sector to facilitate periphery economic growth. While results demonstrated stronger rural-urban linkages than have been found in other regions, growth in the urban food processing industry, as currently structured, did not imply rapid growth in the periphery.
The Potential for Revenue Insurance Policies in the South
Authors: Skees Jerry R. , Harwood Joy , Somwaru Agapi , Perry Janet 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe 1996 Farm Act and the 1994 Crop Insurance Reform Act are recent examples of policy changes that have increased risks for U.S. farmers. New products are emerging to help farmers manage risks. This article examines some of the policy changes, farmer responses, and new risk-sharing products. The focus turns to the new revenue insurance products and their potential in the South. While there are reasons to believe revenue insurance should be attractive in the South, any revenue products that use existing crop insurance rates will face difficulties since poor actuarial performance in the South has resulted in relatively high rates.
China's Rural Household Demand for Fruit and Vegetables
Authors: Han Tong , Wahl Thomas I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA two-stage budgeting LES-LA/AIDS system is used to estimate rural household demand in China with special emphasis on changes in demand for fruit and vegetable commodities across different income groups. The own-price elasticity for food was found to be more elastic than that for clothing, housing, durable goods, and other items. Within the food group, price elasticities range from –1.042 to –0.019. Grain, with an expenditure elasticity of almost unity, is an important staple food for the average rural household. Vegetables are important nonstaple foods relative to fruits. Lower value vegetables are the most price elastic in the vegetable group. Fruits are more price elastic than vegetables, with grapes being the most price elastic. Different income groups share a common demand function.
Fractional Cointegration and the False Rejection of the Law of One Price in International Commodity Markets
Authors: Mohanty Samarendu , Peterson E. Wesley F. , Smith Darnell B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study examines the Law of One Price (LOP) in international commodity markets using fractional cointegration analysis. For proper evaluation of the LOP, fractional cointegration analysis seems to be appropriate because of its flexibility in capturing a wider range of mean reversion behavior than standard cointegration analysis. Out of nine pairs of price series examined, fractional cointegration supports the existence of the LOP in eight cases, as compared to three cases using standard cointegration procedures. Overall, these results suggest that there is a long-run tendency for the LOP to hold for commodity prices.
Production Practice Alternatives for Income and Suitable Field Day Risk Management
Authors: Dillon Carl R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractProduction risk includes yield and days suitable for fieldwork variability. Both were modeled using biophysical simulation and a mean-variance, chance-constrained mathematical programming formulation representing a Kentucky corn, soybean, and wheat producer. While crop diversification, planting date, and maturity group can be used to reduce the types of risk considered, interaction between the two influences how production practices are used to manage risk. For the conditions studied, plant population alterations were less effective for risk reduction of either component. The study provides evidence of the importance of the consideration of both elements of production risk in whole farm planning.
Educational Programs to Address the Economic Adjustments Facing Tobacco Farmers and Rural Communities
Authors: Woods Timothy , Isaacs Steve , Mundy S. Darrell , Givan William 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper discusses the context within which educational programs tailored to tobacco producers and related rural communities have developed. Discussion is expanded by examining current program approaches employed by various organizations. Many of these organizations have a mutual stake in helping producers in tobacco communities develop their management capacity. A range of initiatives aimed at facilitating economic adjustment is compared, including the major issues addressed and expected outcomes. Many of the initiatives have made useful contributions; however, gaps and limitations remain. These are considered as future educational efforts and issues are discussed.