bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Androgen Deficiency, Associations and Survival of Men With Stage 4 and 5 Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cohort Study
Authors: De Silva Neomal , Quinton Richard , De Silva Nipun Lakshitha , Jayasena Channa N. , Barbar Bruna , Boot Chris , Wright Rohana J. , Shipley Timothy W. , Kanagasundaram N. Suren 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesAnaemia is a key cause of morbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Androgen deficiency (AD) in males can contribute to anaemia of all causes, including in CKD. We sought to examine the prevalence of AD in men with CKD, the extent to which it contributed to anaemia and whether it was independently associated with long‐term survival.MethodsThis cross‐sectional observational study was conducted among males aged 18 years and over with CKD stages 4 and 5. The study analysed morning blood samples with regard to their full blood count, urea and electrolytes, albumin, lipids, testosterone (T) and sex hormone binding globulin, with calculation of free testosterone by mass action equation. Mortality data were obtained 15 years later for survival analysis.ResultsAmong 322 patients with a mean age of 63 years, the overall prevalence of AD was 68.9%. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) dose and testosterone concentrations (Pearson correlation −0.193, p = 0.05). There was a positive correlation between haemoglobin (Hb) and free testosterone level among patients not on ESA therapy (Pearson correlation 0.331, p < 0.001). Kaplan‐Meier plots showed p < 0.001 on log‐rank analysis, indicating that AD was significantly associated with worse survival. However, in Cox regression analysis, free testosterone was not associated with survival (95% CI for free testosterone 0.997–1.000).ConclusionsAD is highly prevalent among this population, and increases further with older age and more severe CKD warranting haemodialysis. Association of lower Hb and higher ESA dose with lower T concentration might be causative, which has important pharmaco‐economic as well as clinical implications. Lower survival in men with low T, more likely reflects overall poor health rather than causation. A properly constituted randomised controlled study evaluating the effect of native T replacement is warranted in men with CKD and AD.
Current perioperative care in patients undergoing a beyond total mesorectal excision procedure for rectal cancer: What are the differences with the colorectal enhanced recovery after surgery protocol?
Authors: Nordkamp Stefi , Ketelaers Stijn H. J. , Piqeur Floor , Scholten Harm J. , van de Calseijde Silvie , Tolenaar Jip L. , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A. P. , Rutten Harm J. T. , Burger Jacobus W. A. , Bloemen Johanne G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimPatients requiring a beyond total mesorectal excision (bTME) procedure for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) will probably benefit from enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols. However, implementation of ERAS protocols in such groups of patients is considered challenging. The aims of this study were to evaluate ERAS‐related outcomes of patients with LARC or LRRC undergoing bTME and to investigate the possibility of designing a tailored ERAS protocol.MethodThis study was divided into four phases. Phase one consisted of a literature study to compare functional recovery and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing bTME. In phase two, outcomes on ERAS care elements in bTME were retrospectively evaluated. In phase three, differences in ERAS‐related outcomes and compliance of the colorectal ERAS protocol in patients who had undergone bTME were studied. In phase four, multidisciplinary team meetings were held to develop an ERAS protocol for bTME patients.ResultsSeven studies reported on ERAS‐related outcomes in patients undergoing bTME. Median length of hospital stay was 9–19 days, median stay in the intensive care unit was 2–4 days and 30‐day postoperative major complication rates were 22.6%–61.3%. Seventy‐five bTME patients were included for retrospective analysis. In these patients, length of stay was 9.0 days and major postoperative complications were observed in 40.0%. The overall ERAS compliance was 44.4%. Compared with the colorectal ERAS protocol, the largest differences in management were observed in the use of epidural anaesthesia, the postoperative use of urethral catheters, oral intake and mobilization.ConclusionPatients undergoing bTME for LARC or LRRC are substantially different from patients treated with the colorectal ERAS protocol, regarding ERAS‐related outcomes. A tailored, multimodal ERAS protocol with specific modifications was developed by an expert multidisciplinary team for patients undergoing bTME for LARC or LRRC.
Anal sphincter function in rectal intussusception and high and low “take‐off” external rectal prolapse—A prospective observational study
Authors: O'Connor Alexander , Byrne Caroline M. , Heywood Nick , Davenport Matthew , Klarskov Niels , Sharma Abhiram , Kiff Edward , Telford Karen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimRectal intussusception (RI) and external rectal prolapse (ERP) are associated with anal sphincter dysfunction. The aim of this study was to examine sphincter function with anal acoustic reflectometry (AAR) in RI and two distinct phenotypes of ERP termed high and low “take‐off”.MethodsA prospective study of patients with RI and ERP attending a tertiary pelvic floor unit. Clinical data, AAR, and conventional anal manometry were analysed according to the Oxford prolapse grade.ResultsA total of 108 (102 [94%] female, median age 62 years [range: 26–95]) patients were recruited into three groups according to prolapse grade: Oxford grades I and II (intrarectal RI, n = 34), Oxford grades III and IV (intra‐anal RI, n = 35) and Oxford grade V (ERP, n = 39). As the grade of prolapse increased, resting AAR measurements of opening pressure, opening elastance, closing pressure, and closing elastance decreased (p < 0.001). Maximum resting pressure with manometry was reduced in ERP and intra‐anal RI compared to intrarectal RI (p < 0.001). However, incremental squeeze function was not different between the three groups with either AAR or manometry (p > 0.05).There were no differences in AAR or manometry variables between grade IV RI (n = 18) and high take‐off ERP (n = 20) (p > 0.05). By contrast, opening pressure (p = 0.010), closing pressure (p = 0.019) and elastance (p = 0.022) were reduced in low take‐off ERP (n = 19).ConclusionIncreasing rectal prolapse grade is associated with reduced anal sphincter function at rest indicating internal anal sphincter dysfunction. Physiological differences exist between high and low take‐off ERP with sphincter function in the former similar to that seen in grade IV RI.
Cheating the evidence to get to best interest and the presumption of unfitness
Authors: Blitzman Jay D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article explores our national reactive child protection model which has focused on removing poor people from poor families and has resulted in conflating poverty with neglect. Significant issues of class and race are implicated given dramatic systemic racial and ethnic disparities and questions must be asked whether current practices have done more harm than good. In reviewing this landscape this article is descriptive and prescriptive and calls for adopting proactive public health‐oriented policies which support children and families in their homes and a culture of due process and fairness in juvenile and family court hearings involving children and their families. Dependency or abuse and neglect cases involve state intervention. These are not disputes between private parties where the sole focus is the best interest of the child regarding which guardian to be placed with. Cheating the Evidence warns against diluting the constitutional requirement of proving the lack of parental unfitness by clear and convincing evidence by making comparative judgments about placement which are based on often subjective assessments on best interests of the child which are resource based. Given that high percentage of cases involving allegations of neglect versus inflicted abuse these concerns are of paramount importance. There is a need for more rigor in fact‐finding and adherence to constitutionally required burdens of proof. Due process and fairness are best‐served by supporting client‐directed advocacy and greater transparency, including presumptively opening up the doors to closed juvenile and family court hearings as recommended by the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges in 2005. Opening the doors is not a binary or either or proposition‐ we can preclude dissemination of records of youth, and protect confidentiality as a growing number of states have done. Transparency includes more than raising the level of practice of lawyers and judges‐ it includes encouraging systemic accountability from child serving agencies and educating the public about the complexities which are related to the birth or cradle to prison pipeline.
Temporal dynamics of alpha and beta diversity of lake algae: Opposing patterns and influencing factors over the past 200 years
Authors: Ma Rui , Soininen Janne , Zhou Aifeng , Ji Panpan , Jiang Tongzhuo , Martín‐Devasa Ramiro , Chen Jianhui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Better understanding of the responses of algal biodiversity to multiple pressures, such as climate warming and eutrophication, is a key issue in aquatic ecology. Alpha and beta diversity may have various patterns over temporal scales, especially in the Anthropocene, when external pressures became more multifaceted. However, the limited availability of historical data hampers the exploration of algal biodiversity through time.

Recently, sediment DNA has emerged as a potential tool for elucidating temporal patterns in algal communities. Here, we used sediment DNA to reconstruct temporal turnover and diversity of algal communities in four remote lakes in northern China over the past 200 years. Furthermore, to distinguish the contributions of possible influencing environmental factors, we conducted structural equation modelling.

Our results revealed that algal communities have experienced rapid shifts since the Anthropocene, characterized by increased alpha diversity and decreased temporal beta diversity. Warmer climate and eutrophication were associated with changes in alpha diversity, while temporal environmental variation was associated with temporal beta diversity.

This study revealed opposing patterns in alpha and beta diversity for algal communities, possibly caused by warming, eutrophication and lower temporal environmental variation, respectively. While climatic factors played a major role in remote lakes with a natural environment, lakes that are more human impacted may be more structured by nutrient‐related factors.

Under climate warming and intensified human activities, remote lakes may encounter complex pressures in the near future. Our findings offer valuable insights into patterns in aquatic biodiversity and possible factors underlying multiple pressures.
The effect of increasing canola oil and soybean oil addition to beef cattle rations based on corn silage and barley grain on the in vitro ruminal gas production and rumen fermentation
Authors: Kara Kanber , Yılmaz Kurşat , Yılmaz Sena , Pirci Gönül 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe purpose of the current experiment was to determine the effects of ruminal fermentation parameters of the additions of canola or soybean oils at different rates (4, 8 and 12%) to beef cattle total mix rations (TMR), based on corn silage and barley grain. The addition of 4% soybean oil to TMR positively affected in vitro gas production, net energy lactation (NEL), metabolic energy (ME), and organic matter digestion (OMd). The additions of 8% and 12% of soybean oil to TMR linearly decreased ME, NEL and OMd (p < 0.05). The additions of 4, 8 and 12% canola oil to the TMR linearly decreased the in vitro gas production and estimated fermentation values (ME, NEL and OMd) (p < 0.05). All doses of soybean or canola oils in TMR reduced the molarities of total short‐chain fatty acids (tSFCA), acetic (AA), butyric (BA), propionic (PA), valeric (VA), iso‐valeric (IVA) and iso‐butyric acids (IBA) for in vitro fermentation fluid (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the increasing dietary stearic, oleic and linoleic acid and the end‐products of in vitro rumen fermentation. However, increasing dietary α‐linolenic acids had no adverse effect on in vitro ruminal fermentation end‐products. As a result, 4% addition of the soybean oil, which included a higher rate of α‐linolenic acid and saturated fatty acids and a lower rate of oleic, linoleic acids according to those of canola oil, to the TMR positively affected in vitro ruminal fermentation. In addition, the ≥8% addition of canola or soybean oil adversely affected the in vitro fermentation values.
Towards a New Integrated Model for Taking Into Account the Experiential Knowledge of People With Chronic Diseases, Integrating Mediation, Therapeutic Education and Partnership: The Expanded Chronic Care Patient–Professional Partnership Model
Authors: Pomey Marie‐Pascale , Schaad Béatrice , Lasserre‐Moutet Aline , Böhme Philip , Jackson Mathieu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Chronic Care Model (CCM), the Expanded Chronic Care Model (ECCM) and the eHealth Enhanced Chronic Care Model (eCCM) focus on how healthcare teams and eHealth support can offer effective care and relevant solutions for patients facing chronic care conditions. However, they do not consider how patients can help these teams in their work, nor do they promote ways in which patients can help themselves. However, in the last decade, three different models have emerged that can complete our capacity to design and deliver integrated care for people with chronic diseases. In this article, we propose a revised version of the model that integrates the patient perspective and patients' experience‐based knowledge. It integrates three different ways of engaging patients that complement the other patient engagement point of view: the experience of care and mediation in healthcare, therapeutic patient education and patient learning pathways, as well as patient–professional partnership.MethodologyFor each of the three models, we conducted a review of the literature using CINAHL, Medline, OVID, EMBASE PsychINFO, Science Direct and government reports on patient engagement and partnership with their healthcare providers, to integrate the different components of these models into the ECCM and eCCM. The goal is to create a model that better takes into account the experiential knowledge of patients and citizens throughout its different dimensions.ResultsWe identified 129 papers based on their framework, design, sample, measures and fit with patient engagement and chronic illness and added our own research when relevant. Integrating the three models provides an opportunity to amplify the role played by the patient perspective in the management of chronic disease. The Expanded Chronic Care Patient–Professional Partnership Model (E2C3PM) is intended to rebalance power relations between healthcare professionals and patients (and their caregivers). This new model is based on recognizing patients' experiential knowledge and their roles as caregivers and as full members of the care team. Integrating patient empowerment into the E2C3PM underscores the importance of coproduction care with patients at the clinical, organizational and system levels within a supportive environment.ConclusionApplying this new model should make it possible to better take into account the complexity of chronic diseases, improving the integration not only of care, services and eHealth support but also the various determinants of health and reaching a mutually beneficial settlement among all actors involved.Patient or Public ContributionA patient‐researcher contributed to the development of the protocol, the data collection and the preparation and writing of this manuscript.
WAGE RISK, EMPLOYMENT RISK, AND THE RISE IN WAGE INEQUALITY
Authors: Mecikovsky Ariel , Wellschmied Felix 
Published: October 2024

AbstractU.S. male residual wage inequality rose, and the employment rate fell between 1983 and 2013. Using a structural labor market model, we show that rising idiosyncratic wage risk and lower taxes at the bottom of the earnings distribution are the main forces behind rising wage inequality. The former contributes to the falling employment rate. Falling real wages and rising disability risk further depressed employment of workers without a college degree and rising exogenous job destruction depressed employment of workers with a college degree. Higher idiosyncratic risk entails large welfare losses with the largest losses among workers without a college degree.
Local structure maturation in high entropy oxide (Mg,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)1‐x(Cr,Mn)xO thin films
Authors: Niculescu Gabriela E. , Bejger Gerald R. , Barber John P. , Wright Joshua T. , Almishal Saeed S. I. , Webb Matthew , Ayyagari Sai Venkata Gayathri , Maria Jon‐Paul , Alem Nasim , Heron John T. , Rost Christina M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh entropy oxides (HEOs) have garnered much interest due to their available high degree of tunability. Here, we study the local structure of (MgNiCuCoZn)0.167(MnCr)0.083O, a composition based on the parent HEO (MgNiCuCoZn)0.2O. We synthesized a series of thin films via pulsed laser deposition at incremental oxygen partial pressures. X‐ray diffraction shows lattice parameters to decrease with increased pO2 pressures until the onset of phase separation. X‐ray absorption fine structure shows that specific atomic species in the composition dictate the global structure of the material as Cr, Co, and Mn shift to energetically favorable coordination with increasing pressure. Transmission electron microscopy analysis on a lower‐pressure sample exhibits a rock salt structure, but the higher‐pressure sample reveals reflections reminiscent of the spinel structure. In all, these findings give a more complete picture of how (MgNiCuCoZn)0.167(MnCr)0.083O forms with varying initial conditions and advances fundamental knowledge of cation behavior in high entropy oxides.
Advancing understanding of composition–structure–luminescent properties in laser glass through machine learnings
Authors: Ji Yao , Dong Shuangli , Wang Weichao , Zhang Qinyuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRare‐earth (RE)‐doped laser glasses meet urgent needs in national security and scientific fields, and their optimization has garnered extensive attention. However, the design of these laser glasses often relies excessively on trial‐and‐error experimentation, leading to significant costs and a lack of scientific guidance. Herein, we propose an integrated method that combines structural descriptors determined from molecular dynamics simulations, a self‐constructed luminescent database, and a machine learning algorithm to establish the composition–structure–luminescent property (CSLP) relationship. Using an Nd3+‐doped commercial silicate laser glass system as an example, the effectiveness of this approach has been demonstrated. The developed CSLP model enables highly accurate predictions of spectral properties, achieving a determination coefficient (R2) greater than 0.94, based on eight structural descriptors. The importance of different structural descriptors on spectral characteristics is ranked and thoroughly discussed, revealing an intrinsic relationship between the first and second coordination shells around RE ions and luminescent behaviors. Furthermore, the generic structural descriptors identified in the CSLP model can be extrapolated to other systems involving different network formers (e.g., silicate and phosphate) and modifier cations (e.g., Li, Na, K, Ba, and Ca). This capability facilitates the design of laser glasses tailored to specific targets, such as large emission cross‐sections, extended lifetimes, or reduced quenching effects.
Association Between Oral Hygiene Behaviours and Cognitive Decline in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Yang Zhongfang , Qi Xiang , Mao Weiyu , Pei Yaolin , Wu Bei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate the association between oral hygiene behaviour and cognitive decline in adults. The outcomes include changes in global cognitive function, visual attention, task switching and the risk of dementia.DesignWe conducted a systematic review following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines.Data SourcesA systematic search of 11 databases and grey literature sources was conducted from inception to January 2024. We included interventional trials or cohort studies that investigated the effect of oral hygiene behaviours (e.g., toothbrushing, mouth washing, flossing, using toothpicks and cleaning dentures) on cognitive decline in adults.MethodsData extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers with expertise in conducting systematic reviews. Meta‐analyses were conducted using random‐effects models, and heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 statistic and χ2 test.ResultsA total of eight studies (six intervention studies and two cohort studies) met inclusion criteria, including 261,772 participants. Follow‐up periods ranged from 30 days to 48 months for interventions and 9 to 18 years for cohorts. Toothbrushing was associated with a significantly slower decline in global cognitive overtime. Toothbrushing in older adults with moderate/severe dementia could achieve significant changes in cognitive decline. There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of toothbrushing performed by professionals and caregivers. Other oral hygiene behaviours, including dental flossing, using mouthwash, using toothpicks and cleaning dentures, were not associated with the risk of dementia.ConclusionsToothbrushing is linked to a decreased risk of dementia and improved global cognitive function. Promoting toothbrushing at least twice daily may significantly reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.ImpactThese findings highlight the urgent need for programmes that encourage daily toothbrushing, particularly in nursing home settings and among older adults with moderate‐to‐severe dementia.