bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liraglutide and Colesevelam Change Serum and Fecal Bile Acid Levels in a Randomized Trial With Patients With Bile Acid Diarrhea
Authors: Ellegaard Anne-Marie , Kårhus Martin L. , Krych Lukasz , Sonne David P. , Forman Julie L. , Hansen Svend H. , Dragsted Lars Ove , Nielsen Dennis S. , Knop Filip K. 
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Both liraglutide and colesevelam improve bile acid diarrhea symptoms. Colesevelam binds excess amounts of diarrhea-causing bile acids in the colon, whereas the mode of action for liraglutide remains elusive. In this article, we examined the impact of colesevelam and liraglutide treatment on the concentrations of bile acids in serum and feces and the fecal microbiota composition to better understand the 2 drugs' modes of action.

METHODS:
Bile acid species were analyzed in serum and fecal samples from a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trial at baseline and after 3 and 6 weeks of orally administered colesevelam (1,875 mg twice daily, n = 26) or subcutaneously administered liraglutide (uptitrated by weekly increments of 0.6 mg from 0.6 to 1.8 mg daily, n = 26) in patients with 75selenium-homotaurocholic acid test-verified, idiopathic, or postcholecystectomy bile acid diarrhea. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing at the same time points.

RESULTS:
Colesevelam increased the fecal concentrations of all bile acid species, whereas it decreased serum concentrations of secondary bile acids. Liraglutide induced a small increase in serum unconjugated bile acid concentrations without affecting fecal bile acid concentrations. No changes in fecal microbiota composition were observed with either treatment.

DISCUSSION:
Colesevelam and liraglutide exhibit distinct effects on serum and fecal bile acid concentrations with colesevelam reducing serum concentrations of secondary bile acids and promoting fecal bile acid excretion, whereas liraglutide enhances serum concentrations of unconjugated bile acids, potentially through deceleration of small intestinal transit time allowing more time for passive absorption of bile acids.
Examining the Impact of Digital Microcredit Programs on Borrower Poverty: Evidence from the M-Shwari Program in Kenya
Authors: Rastogi Shriya , Pal Anandi , Lim Joe Hswen , Patra Shyam 
Published: September 2024

Since the late 1990s microfinance policies have gained significant momentum in Sub-Saharan Africa to promote financial inclusion and alleviate poverty. Additionally, the widespread adoption of mobile technology and increased access to the internet over the last decade has meant that FinTech has played a major role in reshaping the financial industry. There is still conflicting research analysing the impact of digital microcredit programs on poverty. This has motivated us to examine this topic further. This study delves into the impact of a digital microcredit program on poverty, focusing on the M-Shwari program implemented in Kenya. Our findings differ from the existing literature as we see the need for differentiating between the short-run (income) and long-run (asset value). We find a net positive and significant effect of digital microcredit on the value of assets.
The Effect of Inheritance Receipt on Labor Supply: A Longitudinal Study of Japanese Women
Authors: Hamaaki Junya , Ibuka Yoko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study examines the effect of inheritance receipt on labor supply, exploring the empirical issues associated with inheritance expectations, informal caregiving, and liquidity constraints. The literature has not examined the possibility that ignoring the labor supply increase associated with the termination of caregiving can lead to an underestimation of the decrease in labor supply after inheritance. Based on a dataset of Japanese women, we found that inheritance decreased labor supply, primarily through changes in the extensive margin, particularly for recipients in their 50s and under 40 years of age with children. Unlike labor supply, household expenditures hardly change after an inheritance. Furthermore, unanticipated inheritances reduce labor supply compared to anticipated inheritances. Additionally, controlling for the termination of caregiving responsibilities resulted in a 25 % larger estimate of the wealth effect of inheritance receipt on labor supply. Finally, pre-inheritance liquidity constraints have no effect on changes in labor supply.
New concept for control material in glucose point-of-care-testing for external quality assessment schemes
Authors: Kaiser Patricia , Kramer Udo , Rosenthal Hannah , Genz Christian , Weiss Nathalie , Schellenberg Ingo , Spannagl Michael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Until now, the external quality assessment (EQA) of glucose point-of-care testing (POCT) has lacked a high quality, suitable and commutable control material to assess measurement accuracy. Here we present a concept for determining the accuracy of glucose measurements, which uses human whole blood and does not require stabilising agents.

Methods
This new generation of quality control samples uses a bead that contains a specific amount of glucose. The bead is then dissolved in a whole blood matrix by the EQA participant immediately before the POCT. We analysed its suitability as an EQA material with respect to its reproducibility, homogeneity and stability, and applied it in an EQA pilot study. The glucose target value was determined using the reference measurement procedure and served as an evaluation criterion for the accuracy of the EQA survey results.

Results
The homogeneity and stability of the new control material fulfilled the quality requirements of ISO 17043. Based on the reference measurement value for glucose, the results of the pilot EQA scheme showed a pass rate of 84.6 % for the participating POCT devices. The acceptance limit was a 15 % permitted deviation from the target value according to Rili-BAEK. All of the device collectives deviated from the target value by 0–4.4 % with the exception of one device type, which deviated by 21 %.

Conclusions
The new concept offers, for the first-time, whole blood-based trueness controls for glucose POCT analysis for external quality assurance. The concept does not require the addition of any stabilising reagent and is easy to use.
How do experts determine where to intervene on test ordering? An interview study
Authors: Podolsky Eyal , Hudek Natasha , McCleary Nicola , McCudden Christopher , Presseau Justin , Brehaut Jamie C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Lab testing is a high-volume activity that is often overused, leading to wasted resources and inappropriate care. Improving test ordering practices in tertiary care involves deciding where to focus scarce intervention resources, but clear guidance on how to optimize these resources is lacking. We aimed to explore context-sensitive factors and processes that inform individual decisions about laboratory stewardship interventions by speaking to key interest holders in this area.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with test-ordering intervention development experts and authors of test-ordering guidance documents to explore five broad topics: 1) processes used to prioritize tests for intervention; 2) factors considered when deciding which tests to target; 3) measurement of these factors; 4) interventions selected; 5) suggestions for a framework to support these decisions. Transcripts were double coded using directed-content and thematic analysis.

Results
We interviewed 14 intervention development experts. Experts noted they frequently consider test volume, test value, and patient care when deciding on a test to target. Experts indicated that quantifying many relevant factors was challenging. Processes to support these decisions often involved examining local data, obtaining buy-in, and relying on an existing guideline. Suggestions for building a framework emphasized the importance of collaboration, consideration of context and resources, and starting with “easy wins” to gain support and experience.

Conclusions
Our study provides insight into the factors and processes experts consider when deciding which tests to target for intervention and can inform the development of a framework to guide the selection of tests for intervention and guideline development.
Effect of scale factor on the dynamic response of frame foundations
Authors: Ahmed Ameer A. , Fattah Mohammed Y. , Mohsen Makki K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In geotechnical engineering, a scale factor “n” is a numerical ratio that relates the physical properties of a physical model to those of a prototype. The effect of scale factor on the dynamic response of a frame foundation used for high-speed turbo machines is examined through numerical analyses to clarify the influence of scaling dimensions, frequency, static and dynamic loads, and scaled models’ material on the dynamic responses of the frame foundation. The static and dynamic analyses were conducted using Ansys Workbench software. The total number of analyses used to investigate the scale factor effect was 28. Both modal and harmonic analyses were performed to calculate the natural frequencies and displacement responses of the scaled and prototype models under the scaled dynamic loading. Five scale factors were used in this study for concrete models (1, 20, 25, 32, and 40), and two additional analyses on steel models of scale (1 and 20) were used to study the material scaling. The prototype results were first verified, and then the models were investigated after scaling the dynamic loads and dimensions. The results of this study revealed the importance of scaling the frequency when studying the high-speed turbo machine foundation models to reflect the correct responses of the prototype foundation.
Statistical comparison analysis of different real-time kinematic methods for the development of photogrammetric products: CORS-RTK, CORS-RTK + PPK, RTK-DRTK2, and RTK + DRTK2 + GCP
Authors: Monjardín-Armenta Sergio A. , Rangel-Peraza Jesús Gabriel , Sanhouse-García Antonio J. , Plata-Rocha Wenseslao , Rentería-Guevara Sergio Arturo , Mora-Félix Zuriel Dathan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Traditional photogrammetry techniques require the use of Ground Control Points (GCPs) to accurately georeference aerial images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, the process of collecting GCPs can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly. Real-time kinematic (RTK) georeferencing systems eliminate the need for GCPs without deteriorating the accuracy of photogrammetric products. In this study, a statistical comparison of four RTK georeferencing systems (continuously operating reference station (CORS)-RTK, CORS-RTK + post-processed kinematic (PPK), RTK + dynamic RTK 2 (DRTK2), and RTK + DRTK2 + GCP) is presented. The aerial photo was acquired using a Dà-Jiāng Innovation Phantom 4 RTK. The digital photogrammetric processing was performed in Agisoft Metashape Professional software. A pair of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) receiving antennas model CHC x900 were used for the establishment of check points (CPs). The accuracy of photogrammetric products was based on a comparison between the modeled and CP coordinates. The four methods showed acceptable planimetric accuracies, with a root mean square error (RMSE)
X,Y
ranging from 0.0164 to 0.0529 m, making the RTK-CORS + PPK method the most accurate (RMSE
X,Y
= 0.0164 m). RTK-CORS + PPK, RTK-DRTK2, and RTK-DRTK2 + GCP methods showed high altimetric accuracies, with RMSEZ values ranging from 0.0201 to 0.0334 m. In general, RTK methods showed a high planimetric and altimetric accuracy, similar to the accuracy of the photogrammetric products obtained using a large number of GCPs.
Exploring the barriers and underlying factors of utilizing a motorcycle without a license among adolescent boys: a qualitative study in Iran
Authors: Karimiankakolaki Zohreh , Mohammadi Parvin , Khadibi Maryam , Sharma Manoj 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Motorcyclists constitute the highest proportion of victims of road traffic accidents. Riding a motorcycle without a license in teenagers is one of the accident-causing behaviors. Therefore, the current study was conducted with the aim of qualitatively investigating the obstacles and underlying factors of utilizing a motorcycle without a license among adolescent boys in Iran.

Methodology
The present research qualitative research employed the grounded theory approach. The study population of the current research included all teenagers aged 10–18 years old in Farsan City of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in 2023. The sample size was 14 obtained on the principle of data saturation using the purposeful sampling method. Interviews with participants using a semi-structured questionnaire were conducted. For data coding, MAXQDA 2022 software was used, and data analysis was done with open, axial, and selective coding methods.

Results
The lowest age at the first experience riding a motorcycle was 10 years old. Most of the cases had their first experience of riding a motorcycle at the age of 14 years. By achieving theoretical saturation in the interviews, 51 open codes were identified, and our qualitative data analyses resulted in 7 obstacles to unlicensed motorcycling in 4 categories. “Traffic rules and the desire to get a license”, “accidents and financial, life and insurance losses”, “the existence of a suitable structure for motorcycle riding training”, and “opposition of families and unavailability of motorcycles”. Also, regarding the 15 factors underlying driving a motorcycle without a license, 7 categories, “disregarding traffic rules”, “inappropriate educational structure”, “excitement and pleasant feeling”, “spending life and free time”, “enthusiasm and love” Youth”, “Encouragement and support of significant others and availability of motorcycles”, “Economic problems” were obtained.

Conclusions
According to the findings, the obstacles and underlying factors of riding motorcycles without a license were identified from the perspective of teenagers, by focusing on these factors and also changing or modifying the things that can be changed, the occurrence of this behavior and ultimately the resulting injuries can be reduced.
Long wavelength fluoride optical glass fibers performance signature in high speed local area data networks
Authors: Prabu Ramachandran Thandaiah , Viruthachalam Velmurugan , Sweeti Sharon , Sree Sripada Rama , Kumar Chandran Ramesh , Addanki Satish , Mahmoud Saber Ali 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper has clarified long wavelength fluoride optical glass fibers performance signature in high speed local area data networks. The signal attenuation and the total fiber pulse broadening are studied versus network length for various fluoride optical glass fibers and AS2 Se3 glass fiber at various spectral wavelengths. The total signal delay time is demonstrated with fiber numerical aperture with 15 km network length for various fluoride optical glass fibers and AS2 Se3 glass fiber at 2.5 μm optimum spectral wavelength. Total fiber signal bandwidth, total Shannon channel bit rate, and NRZ/RZ channel data rate transmission are clarified with 15 km network length for various fluoride optical glass fibers and AS2 Se3 glass fiber at 2.5 μm optimum spectral wavelength.
Advancing New Governance Models for Gender Data in Climate Resilience Funding
Authors: Ezirigwe Jane 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Globally, between USD 850 to USD 940 billion was allocated for 2021 climate finance. However, a mere 0.01 percent of this was directed towards projects addressing both climate change and women’s rights. Unfortunately, the climate crisis is not gender-neutral. Yet, gender data analysis and the significant role of women in climate action are often overlooked, resulting in critical issues being underrepresented in climate budgets. In today’s data-driven world, gender data assumes a critical role in highlighting women’s significant contributions to climate change, thereby influencing funding decisions. Within this context, the Room 9 sub-group of the “17 Rooms initiative” is currently exploring the potential of data cooperatives to facilitate financing for women’s groups transitioning towards climate-resilient practices. This paper explores the intersection of gender data and climate resilience funding and advocates for improved governance models that ensure accurate, comprehensive, and meaningful representation of gender data in climate funding decision-making processes.
Linear Pottery Culture sites west of the Oder river in the Federal state of Brandenburg, Germany
Authors: Cziesla Erwin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAfter colonising the loess uplands of Bohemia, Moravia and Poland, c. 5500 cal BC, the earliest farming societies (LBK) spread northwest along the Oder valley; then expansion ended at Uckermark, where 119 findspots are located. Newly found sites indicate changes to housing and livestock-farming techniques, in particular the specialised production of dairy products.
Ribų valdymas asmeninių socialinių paslaugų erdvėje: samprata, iššūkiai ir galimybės
Authors: Gevorgianienė Violeta , Šumskienė Eglė , Genienė Rasa , Žalimienė Laimutė , Dunajevas Eugenijus 
Published: September 2024

In the face of external threats, Lithuania's personal social services system must adapt to ensure the continued delivery of services. It must respond to the need to change the content of services, expand the scope of services to include new clients, attract or admit new social service providers, and manage the boundaries between formally provided social services and other individuals and organizations offering assistance. The aim of this article is to define the concepts of 'boundaries' and 'boundary work' in the context of personal social services' resilience to external threats and to investigate how actors from different social spaces—formal (institutionalized) social service providers and non-formal (non-institutionalized) social assistance providers—characterize their interactions with each other and perform 'boundary work'. Research methods include interviews and focus groups. Research participants comprise: 1) formal social service providers (8 focus groups), and 2) informal actors operating in municipalities of different sizes (10 interviews). The study revealed that crises lead to shifts in the boundaries between the activities of different social service providers, increased interactions between actors from different social spaces, the creation of new cooperation networks, emerging opportunities for action, and limitations in their activities. In this phase of challenges and the search for solutions, new social service providers emerge and the contours of new forms of assistance take shape. Reflecting on the experience of crises allows for the construction of future projections for possible recurrent threats.
Norm-Peak Multilinear Forms on the Plane with the Rotated Supremum Norm
Authors: Kim Sung Guen 
Published: September 2024

Let 𝑛 ≥ 2. A continuous 𝑛-linear form 𝑇 on a Banach space 𝐸 is called norm-peak if there is a unique (𝑥1, … , 𝑥𝑛) ∈ 𝐸𝑛 such that ║𝑥1║ = … = ║𝑥𝑛║ = 1 and for the multilinear operator norm it holds ‖𝑇 ‖ = |𝑇 (𝑥1, … , 𝑥𝑛)|.Let 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ = ℝ2 with the rotated supremum norm ‖(𝑥, 𝑦)‖(∞,𝜃) = max {|𝑥 cos 𝜃 + 𝑦 sin 𝜃|, |𝑥 sin 𝜃 − 𝑦 cos 𝜃|}.In this note, we characterize all norm-peak multilinear forms on . As a corollary we characterize all norm-peak multilinear forms on = ℝ2 with the 𝓁𝑝-norm for 𝑝 = 1, ∞.
Basile, Salvatore. 2023. <em>Lucca Romana e Tardoantica. Analisi spaziali e modelli computazionali per lo studio dei paesaggi urbani e rurali</em>. BAR International Series 3152. Oxford: BAR Publishing; 978-1-4073-6109-3 paperback £53.
Authors: Abballe Michele 
Published: September 2024

This is a review of Lucca Romana e Tardoantica. Analisi spaziali e modelli computazionali per lo studio dei paesaggi urbani e rurali by Salvatore Basile, published in 2023 by BAR Publishing.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF ANISOTROPY ON THE RESIDUAL STRESSES GENERATED IN THE WIRE DRAWING PROCESS OF AN AISI 1045 STEEL
Authors: Waechter Dias Vinícius , Zottis Juliana , Theis Soares Carla Adriana , Fantin de Souza Tomaz , Da Silva Rocha Alexandre 
Published: September 2024

El uso de la simulación numérica se ha incrementado en los últimos años con el objetivo de evitar errores antes de realizar las pruebas experimentales que podrían ser costosos para corregir con largas etapas "try out". En este estudio, un software de simulación se utilizó para mostrar el efecto de las propiedades anisotrópicas que presenta en el AISI 1045 acero laminado y las tensiones residuales generadas en un proceso de trefilación por comparación con un modelo isotrópico. Los modelos de simulación isotrópico y anisotrópicos del proceso fueron creados para comparar los resultados de las tensiones residuales finales. El comportamiento isotrópico del material fue tomado de la base de datos de software comercial de simulación numérica Simufact.FormingGP ®. Las propiedades del material anisotrópico se obtuvieron mediante ensayos de compresión sobre muestras, así como también fueron tomadas las diferentes posiciones de las barras antes de trefilar y medir, con el objetivó de obtener el límite elástico en dos direcciones diferentes (0º y 90º). Estos esfuerzos de fluencia se utilizaron para calcular los índices de anisotropía para utilizar el criterio de Hill como un dato de entrada para el software. Las simulaciones realizadas fueron validadas mediante la comparación simulada y calculada de fuerzas mediante ecuaciones empíricas encontradas en la literatura. Además de eso, en los resultados de la comparación entre los perfiles de tensiones residuales obtenidos por simulación en las dos descripciones diferentes de material, anisotrópico e isotrópico, se encontraron diferencias alrededor de 200 MPa en el centro de las barras; de este modo este estudio se podrá utilizar como base para posteriores simulaciones de distorsión de las barras.
COMPORTAMIENTO FRENTE A LA OXIDACIÓN DE ALEACIONES DE TITANIO α+β
Authors: Vicente A. , Schlaht A. , Amigó A. , Amigó V. 
Published: September 2024

Las aleaciones alpha+beta, presentan excelentes propiedades mecánicas y frente a la corrosión lo que las hace excelentes candidatas para su aplicación en la industria química y aeronáutica, pero es importante mejorar su comportamiento frente a elevadas temperaturas, sobre todo su oxidación a esas temperaturas.En el presente trabajo se estudia la obtención de aleaciones alpha+beta del tipo Ti-3%at. X (Nb, Mo, Ta) por vía pulvimetalúrgica a partir de mezcla elemental de polvos y su caracterización microestructural, con análisis específico de su resistencia a la oxidación a elevadas temperaturas. La microestructura se caracteriza mediante microscopía óptica y electrónica. La resistencia mecánica de las aleaciones se obtiene mediante ensayos de flexión y análisis fractográfico. La resistencia frente a la oxidación se ha determinado mediante una termobalanza Q50 de TA Instruments a 900º durante 200 minutos. Los mecanismos de corrosión se han analizado a través de sus óxidos superficiales, caracterizados mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y microscopía de fuerza atómica (AFM).Todas las aleaciones investigadas presentan estructura α+β