bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting metabolic responses in genetic disorders via structural representation in machine learning
Authors: Sirocchi Christel , Biancucci Federica , Suffian Muhammad , Donati Matteo , Ferretti Stefano , Bogliolo Alessandro , Magnani Mauro , Menotta Michele , Montagna Sara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetabolomics has emerged as a promising discipline in pharmaceuticals and preventive healthcare. However, analysing large metabolomics datasets remains challenging due to limited and incompletely annotated biological pathways. To address this limitation, we recently proposed training machine learning classifiers on molecular fingerprints of metabolites to predict their responses under specific conditions and analysing feature importance to identify key chemical configurations, providing insights into the affected biological processes. This study extends our previous research by evaluating various metabolite structural representations, including Morgan fingerprint and its variants, graph-based structural encodings and proposing novel representations to improve resolution and interpretability of the state-of-the-art approaches. These structural encodings were evaluated on mass spectrometry metabolomic data for a cellular model of the genetic disease Ataxia Telangiectasia. The study found that machine learning classifiers trained on the new representations improved in classification accuracy and interpretability. Notably, models trained on graph-based encoding do not exhibit performance gains, not even with pre-training on a larger metabolite dataset, underlining the efficacy of our proposed representations. Finally, feature importance analysis across different encoding methods consistently identifies similar structures as relevant for classification, underscoring the robustness of our approach across diverse structural representations.
Teaching About Anti-racism Using a Trauma-Informed Medical Education Framework
Authors: Ayyala Manasa S. , Desai Amar D. , McKay Ondrea , Soto-Greene Maria , DallaPiazza Michelle 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Creating spaces that prioritize trauma-informed medical education (TIME) can support productive learning around anti-racism.

Activity
A pilot virtual-guided book dialogue workshop on anti-racism for 4th year medical students using the TIME framework.

Results
In pre- and post-surveys, students reported high satisfaction with the content and virtual format with significant increases in confidence in achieving the learning objectives and in comfort levels.

Discussion
A TIME approach was effective in increasing confidence and comfort levels in dialoguing about anti-racism. Additional inquiry to provide insight on the benefits of virtual learning for anti-racism content is needed.
Advanced Functional Electromagnetic Shielding Materials: A Review Based on Micro-Nano Structure Interface Control of Biomass Cell Walls
Authors: Shi Yang , Wu Mingjun , Ge Shengbo , Li Jianzhang , Alshammari Anoud Saud , Luo Jing , Amin Mohammed A. , Qiu Hua , Jiang Jinxuan , Asiri Yazeed M. , Huang Runzhou , Hou Hua , El-Bahy Zeinhom M. , Guo Zhanhu , Jia Chong , Xu Kaimeng , Chen Xiangmeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearch efforts on electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials. These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight, porous, and hierarchical. Due to their porous nature, interfacial compatibility, and electrical conductivity, biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials. Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported, this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials. In particular, a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment, preparation process, and micro-control would be valuable. The preparation methods and characteristics of wood, bamboo, cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper, and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed. The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed. this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.
Defect Engineering: Can it Mitigate Strong Coulomb Effect of Mg2+ in Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries?
Authors: Fan Zhengqing , Li Ruimin , Zhang Xin , Zhao Wanyu , Pan Zhenghui , Yang Xiaowei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have been considered a promising “post lithium-ion battery” system to meet the rapidly increasing demand of the emerging electric vehicle and grid energy storage market. However, the sluggish diffusion kinetics of bivalent Mg2+ in the host material, related to the strong Coulomb effect between Mg2+ and host anion lattices, hinders their further development toward practical applications. Defect engineering, regarded as an effective strategy to break through the slow migration puzzle, has been validated in various cathode materials for RMBs. In this review, we first thoroughly understand the intrinsic mechanism of Mg2+ diffusion in cathode materials, from which the key factors affecting ion diffusion are further presented. Then, the positive effects of purposely introduced defects, including vacancy and doping, and the corresponding strategies for introducing various defects are discussed. The applications of defect engineering in cathode materials for RMBs with advanced electrochemical properties are also summarized. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives of defect engineering in cathode materials for the overall high-performance RMBs are described.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Nickel Using Ni(dmamb)2 and ZnO Adhesion Layer Without Plasma
Authors: Baker Kaiya , Brown Hayden , Gebre Fisseha , Xu Jiajun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, a novel deposition technique that utilizes diethylzinc (C4H10ZnO) with H2O to form a ZnO adhesion layer was proposed. This technique was followed by the deposition of vaporized nickel(II) 1-dimethylamino-2-methyl-2-butoxide (Ni(dmamb)2) and H2 gas to facilitate the deposit of uniform layers of nickel on the ZnO adhesion layer using atomic layer deposition. Deposition temperatures ranged from 220 to 300 °C. Thickness, composition, and crystallographic structure results were analyzed using spectroscopic ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. An average growth rate of approximately 0.0105 angstroms per cycle at 260 °C was observed via ellipsometry. Uniform deposition of ZnO with less than 1% of Ni was displayed by utilizing the elemental analysis function via SEM, thereby providing high-quality images. XPS revealed ionizations consistent with nickel and ZnO through the kinetic and binding energies of each detected electron. XRD provided supplemental information regarding the validity of ZnO by exhibiting crystalline attributes, revealing the presence of its hexagonal wurtzite structure.
Affectivism and the Emotional Elephant: How a Componential Approach Can Reconcile Opposing Theories to Serve the Future of Affective Sciences
Authors: Dukes Daniel , Sander David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article discusses how the affectivism framework and the componential approach to emotion may serve the future of affective sciences. A particular aim of the article is to show that an appraisal-based componential approach to emotion can help reconcile opposing theories. It begins by contextualizing the evolution of emotion science within the framework of affectivism, acknowledging that the significant epistemological differences between various theories have paradoxically spurred interest in studying emotion across various perspectives and disciplines. If affectivism is regarded as the pursuit of a deeper understanding of not only emotions and other affective processes but also cognitive and behavioral processes, then its success can be partly attributed to the existence of multiple approaches, allowing each discipline and perspective to advance using the most suitable theory and methodology. We contend that a componential approach reveals that the five principal theories of emotion have each focused on one of five components of emotion. Overall, based on the analysis of several articles published in the special issue on the future of affective science, we argue that affective scientists are well equipped not only to build a future in which conceptual and methodological tools will be used to test diverging hypotheses between competing theories but also to acknowledge and celebrate where such theories converge.
Obgyn resident research program practices and outcomes after implementation in an academically affiliated residency program
Authors: Evans-Hoeker Emily A. , Rudd Mariah J. , Murchison Amanda B. , Sharp Hunter D. , Harden Samantha M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Problem
Unlike other aspects of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) residency training, the research education curriculum and requirements are not standardized. It is unclear what constitutes core curricula in educational research programs, which components are most useful and efficacious, and how to use these findings to adapt existing programs.

Approach
A multi-phase approach to (1) garner cross-sectional data from United States OBGYN Residency Program Directors and review previously published literature, (2) use Phase I and input from clinical, research and education faculty to develop a comprehensive program, and (3) evaluate the program for resident research productivity, knowledge and satisfaction.

Outcomes
Phase I: Sixty-one (31%) Program Directors completed the survey. Most reported ≤ 4 research didactics per year and no dedicated research rotation. Programs with post graduate year (PGY) level specific didactics, a research rotation, or allocated time for the Research Director role noted higher odds of resident research resulting in peer-reviewed publication. Phase II: A Resident Research Program was adapted to include a clinical and research faculty co-directorship and seven additional didactics (all of which were PGY-specific). A departmentally funded resident research grant and a repository to monitor completion of milestones and program requirements have been developed. Surveys were used to track residents’ research competence and satisfaction with the research program. While resident involvement in research activities and satisfaction with opportunities for scholarly activity have improved, resident self-evaluations and mentor evaluations have not. In addition, we have not seen an increase in publications or presentations.

Conclusion
Implementation of components of a research program associated with increased productivity did not result in increased productivity in our program, however, resident satisfaction with scholarly activity did improve.
Re-cloistered Feminine Space: Chinese Women’s Prison in Shanghai, 1888–1912
Authors: Ma Chaoran 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article examines China’s first women’s prison in the context of diplomatic disputes, legal reforms, and gender order at the turn of the twentieth century. It shows that the custody of female offenders in the Shanghai International Settlement became a battleground in which the interests and perceptions of late imperial China and the Western authorities clashed. Under pressure from the Western authorities, the first Chinese women’s prison was established in 1907, even prior to the formal introduction of custodial sentences into China’s criminal code. Notably, the Chinese officials did not embrace prison as a more benevolent punitive institution; rather, they saw it more as a tool to consolidate its judicial sovereignty and preserve gender norms. For Chinese women, the prison, functioning as a re-cloistered feminine space, further entrenched the confinement of their bodies, thereby perpetuating rather than changing orthodox values of female chastity. This article questions the universal modernity of European penalties by pointing out that the introduction of imprisonment as a supposedly more civilized and humane form of punishment may have placed Chinese women at a greater disadvantage.
“Land Without Identifiable Ownership” in the Post-East Japan Earthquake Recovery: Lawful Land-Grabbing in Neoliberal Japan
Authors: Kaneko Yuka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper, with a focus on the status of tsunami disaster victims affected by the 2011 East Japan Earthquake, investigates into the status of private property rights in facing with the reviving legal instrumentalism in Japan, under the campaign of land law reform for the elimination of “land without identifiable owners” in the name of facilitating the disaster recovery, by means of the “special zone” method or the designation of lawless areas where the normal time law is excluded, with the particularly targeted area for such exclusion being the constitutional requirements of due process and fair compensation in public taking. Under the extraordinary setting of absolute majority of conservative party at the National Diet in the aftermath of the 2011 great disaster, legislations in Japan during this decade have been characterized by a manifestation of neo-liberal policy, driving the entire Japanese legal system into a corner. Facts observed in present Japanese society are not different from those observed in other authoritarian regimes in Asia, including the phenomenon of “land grabbing” by the governmental projects, which Asia once experienced a century ago for the colonial land enclosure by “wasteland management.”
Allies in a standoff: Examining the confrontation between Turkey and the United States in Syria
Authors: Alim Eray 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTurkish confrontation with the United States (US) in Syria serves as a test case for how junior allies, which often rely on their senior allies for defence and security, can come close to armed conflict with them. Neither the theoretical literature on alliances nor the empirical literature on Turkey–US relations provide sufficient insight into such a case. Addressing existing gaps requires identifying the likely factors that lead junior allies into disputes with their senior allies and examining junior allies’ ability to challenge the policies of their more powerful counterparts. In the case of Turkey, the way it withstood the US by revealing its readiness to use military force over the latter’s cooperation with armed groups Turkey considered a threat proves that, despite their disadvantage in the balance of power, junior allies can militarily stand up to their senior allies. Nonetheless, the fact that Turkey has failed to alter its ally’s behaviour shows the limits of success in this endeavour, the reason for which, in our case, lies in Turkey’s lack of normative attachment to and weak interest-based ties with the US.
SARS-CoV-2 burden on the floor was associated with COVID-19 cases and outbreaks in two acute care hospitals: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Fralick Michael , Moggridge Jason A. , Wiebe Makenna , Castellani Lucas , McGeer Allison , Feenstra Bryan , Hinz Aaron , Hicks Alexandra M.A. , Hug Laura A. , Wong Alex , Van Bakel Tamara , Abeygunawardena Sawith , Burhunduli Tasha , Mejbel Hebah S. , Kassen Rees , Thampi Nisha , MacFadden Derek , Nott Caroline 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground:Recent work demonstrated that detection of SARS-CoV-2 on the floor of long-term care facilities is associated with impending COVID-19 outbreaks. It is unknown if similar results will be observed in hospitals.Methods:Floor swabs were prospectively collected weekly from healthcare worker-only areas (eg, staff locker rooms) at two hospitals in Ontario, Canada for 39 weeks. Floor swabs were processed for SARS-CoV-2 using quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results were reported as percentage of positive floor swabs and viral copy number. Grouped fivefold cross-validation was used to evaluate model outbreak discrimination.Results:SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on 537 of 760 floor swabs (71%). At Hospital A, overall positivity was 90% (95% CI: 85%–93%; N = 280); at Hospital B, overall positivity was 60% (95% CI: 55%–64%; N = 480). There were four COVID-19 outbreaks at Hospital A and seven at Hospital B during the study period. The outbreaks consisted of primarily patient cases (ie, 140 patient cases and 4 staff cases). For every 10-fold increase in viral copies, there was a 22-fold higher odds of a COVID-19 outbreak (OR = 22.0, 95% CI 7.3, 91.8). The cross-validated area under the receiver operating curve for SARS-CoV-2 viral copies for predicting a contemporaneous outbreak was 0.86 (95% CI 0.82–0.90).Conclusion:Viral burden of SARS-CoV-2 on floors, even in healthcare worker-only areas, was strongly associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in those hospital wards. Built environment sampling may support hospital COVID-19 outbreak identification, fill gaps in traditional surveillance, and guide infection prevention and control measures.
The dusty aftermath of a rapid nova: V5579 Sgr
Authors: Raj Ashish , Bisht Mohit Singh , Walter F.M. , Pandey R. , Woodward C.E. , Harker D.E. , Bisht Devendra , Singh H.P. , Agarwal A. , Pandey Jeewan , Joshi Arti , Belwal K. , Buil Christian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
V5579 Sgr was a fast nova discovered in 2008 April 18.784 UT. We present the optical spectroscopic observations of the nova observed from the Castanet Tolosan, SMARTS, and CTIO observatories spanning over 2008 April 23 to 2015 May 11. The spectra are dominated by hydrogen Balmer, Fe II, and O I lines with P-Cygni profiles in the early phase, typical of an Fe II class nova. The spectra show He I and He II lines along with forbidden lines from N, Ar, S, and O in the nebular phase. The nova showed a pronounced dust formation episode that began about 20 days after the outburst. The dust temperature and mass were estimated using the WISE data from spectral energy distribution (SED) fits. The PAH-like features are also seen in the nova ejecta in the mid-infrared Gemini spectra taken 522 d after the discovery. Analysis of the light curve indicates values of

$t_2$

and

$t_3$

about 9 and 13 days, respectively, placing the nova in the category of fast nova. The best-fit cloudy model of the early decline phase JHK spectra obtained on 2008 May 3 and the nebular optical spectrum obtained on 2011 June 2 shows a hot white dwarf source with

$T_{BB}$

$\sim$

2.6

$\times$

10

$^5$

K having a luminosity of 9.8

$\times$

10

$^{36}$

ergs s

$^{-1}$

. Our abundance analysis shows that the ejecta is significantly enhanced relative to solar, O/H = 32.2, C/H = 15.5, and N/H = 40.0 in the early decline phase and O/H = 5.8, He/H = 1.5, and N/H = 22.0 in the nebular phase.
The chronology of the Early Trypillian expansion
Authors: Kiosak Dmytro , Bodean Sergiu , Kotova Nadiia , Szidat Sönke , Tinner Willy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA new series of 22 radiocarbon dates provides new insights on the origin and distribution of the Early Trypillian archaeological culture in modern-day Moldova and Ukraine. The paper presents data from the sites of preceding groups (5 dates), highlighting gaps in the agricultural settlement of the region, dates related to the Early Trypillia directly (14 dates) and dates from the ceramic hunter-gatherers’ sites that yielded some Early Trypillian pottery (3 dates). The results indicate that the expansion of Early Trypillia into Moldovan and Ukrainian forest-steppe took place during 47–45th centuries BCE and it was a relatively fast colonization likely spanning only 3–5 generations.
THE USE OF SCHOLARSHIP BY THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Dzehtsiarou Kanstantsin , Ridi Niccolò 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe relationship between scholarship and adjudication has attracted considerable attention in recent years, especially in those areas where significant academic expertise has been developed and academic scrutiny of decisions is common. Yet the role of scholars and scholarship in the context of the adjudicatory practices of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has remained palpably under-investigated. This article begins to fill this gap in the literature by carrying out the first large-scale empirical study of the use of scholarship by the ECtHR. The authors rely on a purpose-built dataset comprising all the citations made by the Grand Chamber of the Court in judgments and separate opinions appended to it. The study finds that the Court's majority uses scholarship for the purposes of reviewing facts and interpreting international and domestic law but does so rarely. The majority of the ECtHR does not use scholarship to interpret the European Convention on Human Rights or for persuasive purposes, unlike the individual Judges in their separate opinions. Indeed, individual Judges refer to scholarship more often, for more varied and arguably different purposes. This use, however, is inconsistent in terms of both frequency and the types of sources referred to.
Mwene Muji: A Medieval Empire in Central Africa?
Authors: Thornton John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough the Lower Kasai was identified by Jan Vansina as a likely center for highly complex societies, he failed to recognize that sixteenth-century sources had mentioned the Empire of Mwene Muji as a large polity in that region. Studying the well known and recently discovered literature on West Central Africa, as well as a critical study of oral tradition, shows considerable evidence for the antiquity and existence of Mwene Muji.
Asymptotics for the sum-ruin probability of a bi-dimensional compound risk model with dependent numbers of claims
Authors: Chen Zhangting , Cheng Dongya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper studies a bi-dimensional compound risk model with quasi-asymptotically independent and consistently varying-tailed random numbers of claims and establishes an asymptotic formula for the finite-time sum-ruin probability. Additionally, some results related to tail probabilities of random sums are presented, which are of significant interest in their own right. Some numerical studies are carried out to check the accuracy of the asymptotic formula.