bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrically conductive nanomaterials: transformative applications in biomedical engineering—a review
Authors: Banik Oindrila , Salve Amol Lalchand , Kumar Prasoon , Kumar Santosh , Banoth Earu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In recent years, significant advancements in nanotechnology have improved the various disciplines of scientific fields. Nanomaterials, like, carbon-based (carbon nanotubes, graphene), metallic, metal oxides, conductive polymers, and 2D materials (MXenes) exhibit exceptional electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, flexibility, thermal property and chemical stability. These materials hold significant capability in transforming material science and biomedical engineering by enabling the creation of more efficient, miniaturized, and versatile devices. The indulgence of nanotechnology with conductive materials in biological fields promises a transformative innovation across various industries, from bioelectronics to environmental regulations. The conductivity of nanomaterials with a suitable size and shape exhibits unique characteristics, which provides a platform for realization in bioelectronics as biosensors, tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery systems. It can be explored for state-of-the-art cardiac, skeletal, nerve, and bone scaffold fabrication while highlighting their proof-of-concept in the development of biosensing probes and medical imaging. This review paper highlights the significance and application of the conductive nanomaterials associated with conductivity and their contribution towards a new perspective in improving the healthcare system globally.
The therapeutic potential of reduced graphene oxide in attenuating cuprizone-induced demyelination in mice
Authors: Rizoli Cintia , dos Santos Nathalia Medina , Maróstica Júnior Mário Roberto , da Cruz-Höfling Maria Alice , Mendonça Monique Culturato Padilha , de Jesus Marcelo Bispo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has unique physicochemical properties that make it suitable for therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative scenarios. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of rGO in a cuprizone-induced demyelination model in mice through histomorphological techniques and analysis of biochemical parameters. We demonstrate that daily intraperitoneal administration of rGO (1 mg ml−1) for 21 days tends to reduce demyelination in the Corpus callosum by decreasing glial cell recruitment during the repair mechanism. Additionally, rGO interferes with oxidative stress markers in the brain and liver indicating potential neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system. No significant damage to vital organs was observed, suggesting that multiple doses could be used safely. However, further long-term investigations are needed to understand rGO distribution, metabolism, routes of action and associated challenges in central neurodegenerative therapies. Overall, these findings contribute to the comprehension of rGO effects in vivo, paving the way for possible future clinical research.
Artificial synapses based on HfOx/TiOy memristor devices for neuromorphic applications
Authors: Özkal Bünyamin , Al-Jawfi Nora Ali Abdo Saleh , Ekinci Gökhan , Rameev Bulat Z , Khaibullin Rustam I , Kazan Sinan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As a result of enormous progress in nanoscale electronics, interest in artificial intelligence (AI) supported systems has also increased greatly. These systems are typically designed to process computationally intensive data. Parallel processing neural network architectures are particularly noteworthy for their ability to process dense data at high speeds, making them suitable candidates for AI algorithms. Due to their ability to combine processing and memory functions in a single device, memristors offer a significant advantage over other electronic platforms in terms of area scaling efficiency and energy savings. In this study, single-layer and bilayer metal–oxide HfO
x
and TiO
y
memristor devices inspired by biological synapses were fabricated by pulsed laser and magnetron sputtering deposition techniques in high vacuum with different oxide thicknesses. The structural and electrical properties of the fabricated devices were analysed using x-ray reflectivity, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and standard two-probe electrical characterization measurements. The stoichiometry and degree of oxidation of the elements in the oxide material for each thin film were determined. Moreover, the switching characteristics of the metal oxide upper layer in bilayer devices indicated its potential as a selective layer for synapse. The devices successfully maintained the previous conductivity values, and the conductivity increased after each pulse and reached its maximum value. Furthermore, the study successfully observed synaptic behaviours with long-term potentiation, long-term depression (LTD), paired-pulse facilitation, and spike-timing-dependent plasticity, showcasing potential of the devices for neuromorphic computing applications.
Geometric analysis of fast-slow PDEs with fold singularities via Galerkin discretisation
Authors: Engel Maximilian , Hummel Felix , Kuehn Christian , Popović Nikola , Ptashnyk Mariya , Zacharis Thomas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study a singularly perturbed fast-slow system of two partial differential equations (PDEs) of reaction-diffusion type on a bounded domain via Galerkin discretisation. We assume that the reaction kinetics in the fast variable realise a generic fold singularity, whereas the slow variable takes the role of a dynamic bifurcation parameter, thus extending the classical analysis of the singularly perturbed fold. Our approach combines a spectral Galerkin discretisation with techniques from geometric singular perturbation theory which are applied to the resulting high-dimensional systems of ordinary differential equations. In particular, we show the existence of invariant slow manifolds in the phase space of the original system of PDEs away from the fold singularity, while the passage past the singularity of the Galerkin manifolds obtained after discretisation is described by geometric desingularisation, or blow-up. Finally, we discuss the relation between these Galerkin manifolds and the underlying slow manifolds.
Multi-layered morphing soft structure with high-performance embedded electrothermal artificial muscles along with touch and temperature sensors
Authors: Singh Matharu Pawandeep , Song Yuyang , Gandhi Umesh , Tadesse Yonas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel multilayered morphing structure, having similar topology resembling the structures found in nature to grasp delicate objects effectively as well as sense contact force and temperature. The structure consists of two actuation layers, two U-shaped cooling channel layers, piezoelectric based touch sensors and temperature sensors. Employing shape memory alloy (SMA) spring actuators for bending and twisted and coiled polymer fishing line with nichrome (TCPFL
NMC) artificial muscles for antagonistic return, the soft silicone-based composite skin exhibits unique capabilities of large bidirectional movement, avoid rigid passive springs for return motion, soft grasping, safe interaction with humans, and ease fabrication. The SMA (0.38 mm wire diameter) serves as relatively fast actuating muscle and the TCPFL
NMC (0.8 mm fiber diameter) as a slow actuating (considering mainly heating cycle), which was programmed/designed to mimic the fast and slow twitching muscles found in nature. Bending and return operations of skin samples of length 100 mm and thickness of 9 mm, with three different widths 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, were experimentally studied. The 25 mm wide multilayered soft skin demonstrated cyclic actuation with a maximum bending angle of ∼70°, which was attributed due to the active cooling. The fluidic channels for active cooling were fabricated using 3D printed PVA tubes, casting within the silicone in a mold and subsequently dissolving in a circulating water. The study also included the integration and voltage response of mini-piezodisk sensor PIC255 having a diameter of 2 mm and thickness of 0.15 mm, which was embedded at different depths within the silicone (on the surface, 1 mm depth and 2 mm depth). The multilayered soft skin was also able to detect the temperature of the object during grasping, suggesting its potential application as a soft gripper in robotic systems.
Single layer vanadium oxide assisted switchable metasurfaces for transmissive and reflective polarization conversion
Authors: Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa , Nguyen Thi Minh , Nguyen Hong Quang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Polarization control using metasurfaces is highly advantageous; however, most metasurfaces operate exclusively in either transmission or reflection mode. Additionally, achieving both wide bandwidth and high efficiency simultaneously in their design remains a significant challenge. Here, we design a high-efficiency and wideband switchable metasurface that can switch between transmissive and reflective polarization conversion modes by utilizing a single layer of I-shaped resonators and gold-vanadium dioxide (VO2) alternating gratings printed on a quartz substrate. When VO2 transitions to its metallic phase, the continuous metal layers of gold-VO2 eliminate transmission and the designed metasurface operates as a reflective cross-polarization converter with a polarization conversion ratio (PCR) exceeding 0.9 over a broad frequency range of 1.4–3.3 THz. Conversely, when VO2 is in its insulator phase, the THz incoming wave can transmit through the gratings, and the design behaves as a transmissive cross-polarization converter with a PCR above 0.99 in the 0.75-4.0 THz range for a forward y- polarized wave. The working mechanism for both transmissive and reflective polarization conversion modes is explained through theoretical analysis and surface current distributions. With the advantages of facile design, high performance, and dual functionality, our design is expected to be applied in the fields of imaging, sensing, and communication.
Induced domain walls of QCD axion, and gravitational waves
Authors: Lee Junseok , Murai Kai , Takahashi Fuminobu , Yin Wen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We show that heavy axion domain walls induce domain walls of the QCD axion through a mixing between the heavy axion and the QCD axion, even when the pre-inflationary initial condition is assumed for the QCD axion. The induced domain walls arise because the effective θ parameter changes across the heavy axion domain walls, shifting the potential minimum of the QCD axion. When the heavy axion domain walls collapse, the induced QCD axion domain walls collapse as well. This novel mechanism for producing the QCD axions can explain dark matter even with the axion decay constant as small as 𝒪(109) GeV. In particular, this scenario requires domain wall collapse near the QCD crossover, potentially accounting for the stochastic gravitational wave background suggested by recent pulsar timing array observations, including NANOGrav. Using this mechanism, it is also possible to easily create induced domain walls for string axions or axions with a large decay constant, which would otherwise be challenging. We also comment on the implications for cosmic birefringence using induced axion domain walls.
Making the link between ADF and 4D STEM: Resolution, transfer and coherence
Authors: Nellist Peter D. , Pennycook Timothy J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Steve Pennycook is a pioneer in the application of high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and in particular the use of annular dark-field (ADF) imaging. Here we show how a general framework for 4D STEM allows clear links to be made between ADF imaging and the emerging methods for reconstructing images from 4D STEM data sets. We show that both ADF imaging and ptychographical reconstruction can be thought of in terms of integrating over the overlap regions of diffracted discs in the detector plane. This approach allows the similarities in parts of their transfer functions to be understood, though we note that the transfer functions for ptychographic imaging cannot be used as a measure of information transfer. We also show that conditions of partial spatial and temporal coherence affect ADF imaging and ptychography similarly, showing that achromatic interference can always contribute to the image in both cases, leading to a robustness to partial temporal coherence that has enabled high-resolution imaging.
Manipulating density pedestal structure to improve core–edge integration towards low collisionality
Authors: Wang H.Q. , Hong R.J. , Groebner R. , Jian X. , Rhodes T. , Leonard A.W. , Ma X. , Mordijck S. , Wilks T. , Yan Z. , Shafer M.W. , Scotti F. , Truong D. , Ren J. , Laggner F. , Grierson B.A. , Osborne T.H. , Thomas D.M. , Watkins J.G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
DIII-D experiments have achieved promising core–edge integrated plasma scenarios which combine a high-temperature low-collisionality pedestal (pedestal top temperature Te

,ped > 0.8 keV and collisionality ν*ped < 1) with a partially detached divertor by leveraging the benefits of a low-density-gradient pedestal in a closed divertor. It is found that with a closed divertor and high heating power, strong gas puffing to achieve detachment moves the peak density gradient outward with respect to the maximum gradient of electron temperature and reduces the density gradient at the pedestal region, which correlates with shallow pedestal fuelling due to the closed divertor geometry. In high-current plasmas in particular, the pedestal top density is found to change little with gas puffing while the separatrix, density increases to allow access for divertor detachment. The separation between density and temperature pedestals results in a high- ηe
well above the electron-temperature-gradient stability threshold. Electron turbulence is found to be enhanced in the pedestal and correlated with high ηe
resulting from the pedestal shift. The pedestal is wider than the EPED scaling. A revised empirical width scaling is derived based on the combination of EPED scaling with ηe
and highlights the important role of additional turbulence on the pedestal structure. The wide temperature pedestal facilitates the achievement of a high-temperature, low-collisionality pedestal and high global performance. Simultaneously, the outward shift of the density pedestal facilitates access to detached divertor conditions with low temperature and heat flux towards the target plate. This approach may be promising for closing the core–edge integration gap for future fusion reactors, which may have a weak-gradient density pedestal due to the highly opaque boundary plasmas.
Numerical simulation of a new volumetric pump based on mechanical iris mechanism
Authors: Li Qiang , Meng Limin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Conventional volumetric pumps used in high-pressure systems have problems with complex structures and limited flow. Based on the working principle of hydraulic volumetric pumps, this article uses the motion mechanism of the iris mechanism to propose a new type of volumetric pump with a simple structure. Using the structure of the new volumetric pump as a basis, the instantaneous flow formula is derived, and the fluid domain of this new volumetric pump is simulated by Fluent. By comparing the theoretical value with the simulation value, the accuracy of the simulation result is verified, and the structural feasibility of the new volumetric pump is proved; based on the cavitation analysis, suggestions for optimizing the structure of the new volumetric pump are proposed; the new volumetric pump enhances the architecture of volumetric pumps and offers guidance for their structural design.
Research on vertical vibration suppression of active suspension driven by in-wheel motor
Authors: Wang Yanli 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For suppressing the negative vibration of in-wheel motor-driven (IWM) active suspension with disturbance and model uncertainties, an adaptive high-order sliding mode (HOSM) controller is designed in this paper by decreasing the acceleration of the sprung mass. The adaptive fuzzy logic system is first employed to model this suspension. Then, the adaptive switching gain obtained from the Lyapunov function is used to suppress the chattering of the sliding control. Therefore, the true sliding mode can be established in finite time. Finally, the adaptability of the controller is validated through numerical simulations.
Research on automatic data acquisition scheme of tool profile wear based on B/S structure
Authors: Cao Ziqing , Zhang Xi , Zhou Qingfeng , Guo Zixie , Yang Jiabao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As the core element in the production system of the manufacturing industry, the state of cutters directly affects the production quality and processing efficiency. Therefore, it is very meaningful to monitor the wear of machining cutters. This paper proposes an automatic data acquisition scheme based on the on-machine vision measurement device and B/S Internet structure technology. Finally, the round-nose milling cutter experiment verifies the scheme’s feasibility.
Optical and spectral techniques for studying high-voltage laser-triggered switch
Authors: Shayganmanesh Mahdi , Mahdieh Mohammad Hossein , Moazami Goudarzi Pegah , Maghrebi Sinaki Mohadese 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the present paper we have performed sets of experiments
to study laser triggering high voltage switch. In this study,
instead of electrical diagnostics, optical technique was utilized to
characterize the discharge process. A Q-switched nanosecond Nd:YAG
laser was used for triggering the switch. Dynamics of discharge, and
the time delay of laser produced pre-plasma was monitored by fast
photo diode signal which was connected to a fast oscilloscope. The
spectrum of discharge emission was also recorded by photo
spectrometer from which plasma parameters i.e. electron
temperature, and density were estimated.
Beta Depth Dose Curves at STUK and PTB: measurements and simulations
Authors: Huikari J. , Behrens R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Depth dose curves from beta radiation sources
(90Sr/90Y, 85Kr and 147Pm) of STUK and PTB
(BSS2) were measured and compared to each other. Significant
differences are obvious for 90Sr/90Y and imply different
conversion coefficients from the basic quantity absorbed dose rate
to tissue at 0.07 mm tissue depth,
Ḋ

t(0.07), to the
operational quantities
Ḣ

p(0.07) and
Ḣ

p(3) for
normal (0∘) and oblique (45∘ and 60∘)
radiation incidence. The resulting STUK specific conversion
coefficients were used to update STUK's measurement results in a
recent international comparison measurement (EURAMET 1398) — which
now agree significantly better with the corresponding reference
values of the comparison. For 85Kr and 147Pm no
differences at all between STUK's and PTB's sources were
observed. Finally, accompanying radiation transport simulations were
undertaken to investigate the difference between STUK's and PTB's
90Sr/90Y beta radiation sources — which could be
reproduced by the simulations.
How are decarbonization policies in the US and Canada shaping low-carbon ammonia production strategies?
Authors: Schueler Yannik , Mingolla Stefano , Boness Naomi L , Rosa Lorenzo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The US and Canada contribute to 11% (22 million tons (Mt) per year) of global ammonia production, with an additional 42 Mt of production capacity currently planned or under construction. The distinct decarbonization policies adopted by these two countries—namely production tax credits in the US and carbon taxes in Canada—lead to significantly different outcomes and implications for decarbonized ammonia production strategies. This study evaluates facility-specific production strategies for low-carbon ammonia, considering the decarbonization policies of both countries. We assess the most cost-effective strategy for low-carbon ammonia production at each facility, both with and without the influence of these policies. Our results indicate that Canada’s carbon tax incentivizes the adoption of carbon capture and storage (CCS), while the US production tax credits promote the use of wind energy and biomass coupled with CCS, to produce hydrogen for ammonia synthesis. These findings highlight a dichotomy between the impacts of tax credits and carbon taxes: production tax credits facilitate the transition to low-carbon production methods, whereas carbon taxes incentivize existing facilities to upgrade with CCS technology. These insights underscore the effectiveness of tailored policy approaches and provide a comprehensive blueprint for other regions globally seeking to transition towards low-carbon ammonia production.
On quadrirational pentagon maps
Authors: Evripidou Charalampos , Kassotakis Pavlos , Tongas Anastasios 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We classify rational solutions of a specific type of the set theoretical version of the pentagon equation. That is, we find all quadrirational maps

R
:
(
x
,
y
)
↦
(
u
(
x
,
y
)
,
v
(
x
,
y
)
)
,

where

u
,
v

are two rational functions on two arguments, that serve as solutions of the pentagon equation. Furthermore, provided a pentagon map that admits a partial inverse, we obtain genuine entwining pentagon set theoretical solutions. Finally, we show how to obtain Yang–Baxter maps from entwining pentagon maps.
T − W relation and free energy of the antiperiodic XXZ chain with

η
=

i
π

3

at a finite temperature
Authors: Lu Pengcheng , Cao Junpeng , Yang Wen-Li , Marquette Ian , Zhang Yao-Zhong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study the thermodynamics of the antiperiodic XXZ chain with anisotropy parameter

η
=

i
π

3

by means of the t − W scheme. We parameterize the eigenvalues of both the transfer matrix and the corresponding fused transfer matrix by their zero points instead of Bethe roots. Based on the patterns of the zero points distribution and the reconstructed entropy, we obtain the nonlinear integral equations describing the thermodynamics of the model and compute its free energy at a finite temperature.
Preparation of ZnAlLa-LDHs by one-step hydrothermal method and its adsorption properties for phosphate
Authors: Tao He , Wang Zehua , Kong Fanshu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Phosphate is one of the main limiting factors of water eutrophication, and the effective removal of phosphate is essential to control the eutrophication of the aquatic environment and meet the increasingly stringent phosphate discharge regulations. This study successfully prepared ZnAlLa-LDHs materials using a simple hydrothermal method using triethanolamine as a soft template, which SEM, XRD, and FT-IR characterized. The results show that ZnAlLa-LDHs is a kind of two-dimensional porous structure material; the adsorption isotherm of ZnAlLa-LDHs on phosphate conforms to the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity is 83.333 mg g−1; the adsorption kinetics conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption rate is mainly controlled by chemical adsorption; the adsorption mechanism of ZnAlLa-LDHs on phosphate is mainly ion exchange and electrostatic adsorption. ZnAlLa-LDHs have an excellent effect on phosphorus in wastewater from sewage treatment plants.