bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection Orders
Authors: Dalton Bartholomew , Liggins Caroline 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the provision of the currently not in force domestic abuse protection orders. Once implemented, under section 31 of the Domestic Abuse Act 2021, where a person (‘P’) has been convicted of an offence, the court dealing with P for that offence may make a domestic abuse protection order against P. A court by or before which a person is acquitted of an offence may make a domestic abuse protection order against the person. Under section 48 of the Domestic Abuse Act 2021, a domestic abuse protection order may be made or varied in addition to an order discharging the person conditionally or absolutely. The following issues are dealt with in A11: conditions for making an order, matters to be considered before making an order, provision that may be made by orders, and the duration and geographical application of orders.
Hamlet: Horatio’s Warnings
Authors: Publicover Laurence 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Opening with a discussion of the speech in which Horatio warns Hamlet not to follow the apparition to the cliff edge, and focusing in particular on its word fathoms, the introduction outlines the form of tragedy examined by the book. Pushing back against recent scholarship arguing that tragedy was, in Shakespeare’s period, concerned primarily with passionate suffering, and also querying scholarship from the cultural left that interprets tragedy as a wholly human affair, it asserts that these plays stage the fear and exhilaration generated by encounters with the unknown and the extraordinary. Returning intermittently to Hamlet to illustrate its ideas, it engages in addition with matters including the sublimity of tragic language, the historicity of tragedy, and the relationship between truth and depth. It concludes with an analysis of the prince’s behaviour in the graveyard scene, which it takes as indicative of English Renaissance tragedy’s interest in conceptual rupture.
Fathoming King Lear
Authors: Publicover Laurence 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter takes the first words spoken by Edgar as Poor Tom—‘Fathom and half, fathom and half’—as the occasion to explore King Lear’s evocation of a vertical axis. Examining the line’s association with navigation and its connection to the play’s interest in cosmic and personal bonds, it goes on to explore King Lear’s strategies for disorienting its audience: namely, through geographical indeterminacy; through fragmented dialogue; and through the provision of emblems that remain difficult to read. The chapter concludes by discussing the place of formulaic language in English Renaissance tragedy, arguing that characters’ resort to such language is indicative of the disorientation they suffer and that attending to it can help us understand the structure of tragic subjectivity in the drama of Shakespeare and his contemporaries.
Introduction
Authors: Jacob Priyanka Anne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This Introduction demonstrates the relationship between the capacious, cluttered form of the Victorian novel and the nineteenth century’s reliance on storage as a response to its information explosion. Weaving together scholarship in media and information studies, novel studies, and thing theory, this chapter argues that information is materialized in storage, where it awaits a transmission that may or may not arrive. Differentiating storage from “the archive,” it proposes that the novel should be understood as a storage medium, demonstrating through two readings how the time and space of the container generate the depth of the fictional world and its projections into the future. The novel’s attempt to contain a flurry of data produces an aesthetics of deferral, seeding possibilities it may never bring to fruition, with ethical, political, and narratological effects.
Information on the Move in Kim
Authors: Jacob Priyanka Anne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how information moves and gets stuck in Rudyard Kipling’s Kim, highlighting encryption and compression, two informational strategies that enable the mobility of information to serve British power in India. Local Indian objects are converted into pieces of code and extraneous data is squeezed out, sometimes literally. Agents of empire like Kim encode India from within, but also encode themselves into compressed types that can circulate more easily. The chapter argues that the novel tries to offload the baggage of empire, first onto the “baggage-coolies” or coerced laborers carrying baskets through the Himalayas, and then onto the mountains themselves. Nevertheless, Kim’s body bears the literal and metaphorical toll of both the information he must carry through his travels and the ways he must compress himself and his homeland. Despite its fantasy of an ever-moving, frictionless imperial network, this novel shows the accumulated costs of carrying secrets for empire.
The crimes of colonialism and the detective story
Authors: Evans Lucy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on detective fiction and island settings. Agatha Christie’s A Caribbean Mystery (1964) is set on a fictional Caribbean island, and Elizabeth Nunez’s Prospero’s Daughter (2006) is set on a small island off the coast of Trinidad. Critics have observed that islands can provide an ideal setting for the clue-puzzle format of the golden age detective story, enabling the sense of social and spatial enclosure that is the hallmark of this mode of writing. While this is the case for Christie’s novel, in Prospero’s Daughter the island setting disrupts the mechanics of the clue-puzzle mystery. This chapter argues that whereas Christie’s mystery story reinforces the colonial ideology which continues to inform touristic images of the region, Nunez’s novel frames colonialism as state crime. Her fiction resonates with the work of criminologists who contend that the crimes of colonialism should be publicly and legally recognized as crimes against humanity.
Organized crime, gangs, and gangster fiction
Authors: Evans Lucy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter locates Marlon James’s A Brief History of Seven Killings (2014) and Desmond Hall’s Your Corner Dark (2021) within a global tradition of gangster fiction and film. A Brief History is set in Kingston, Montego Bay, New York, and Miami in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, tracing the global expansion of politically affiliated Jamaican gangs. Your Corner Dark is set in the rural Jamaican parish of Trelawny, and depicts a twenty-first-century Jamaica riven by politicized inter-gang warfare. The chapter explores how James’s and Hall’s novels convey the local complexities and transnational scope of gangs and organized crime in Jamaica. Research on gangs in the Caribbean has critiqued the glorification of violence in popular culture, presenting this as a factor contributing to high levels of gang-related crime. This chapter highlights the capacity of fiction and other forms of cultural production to contest rather than endorse the glorification of violence.
Towards a third option
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the development of a mereological Christology, according to which the Word and the human nature are parts of the person of Christ. The view originates in Anselm of Laon and was developed by Peter Abelard during the 1120s and 1130s, motivated by concerns about the compatibility of Christology with divine simplicity. Initially, Abelard drew the conclusion that the divine Word ceased to be a person on the assumption of the human nature. Later in the 1130s, Abelard kept the mereological language but drew back from the conclusion that the Word ceased to be a person. But he persistently rejected the homo assumptus view, which he regarded as unintelligible. Abelard’s mereological position, along with Abelard himself, was condemned by Pope Innocent II at the instigation of Bernard of Clairvaux at the Council of Sens (1141).
The subsistence theory in the late twelfth century
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
During the 1180s and 1190s, after the condemnation of the non-aliquid Christology and the general abandonment of the homo assumptus Christology, a group of theologians began to provide theoretical developments to Chalcedonian Christology. Most important is the work of Peter Chanter. Peter incorporates Robert of Melun’s insight that the union might be explained by the possession of the Son’s personal property by the assumed nature. He also sees the Christological relevance of Richard of St Victor’s incorporation of the term ‘incommunicable’ into the definition of ‘person’. The human nature fails to be a person because it is in some sense communicated to the divine person. Peter was followed in various respects by Praepositinus of Cremona. Stephen Langton deals with the same set of issues but focuses more on semantic than metaphysical matters.
Pulmonary embolism detection without intravenous contrast using electron density and Z-effective maps from dual-energy CT
Authors: D’Angelo Tommaso , Barbera Simone , Ascenti Velio , Cicero Giuseppe , Terrani Simone , Caruso Damiano , Laghi Andrea , Fontana Federico , Venturini Massimo , Piacentino Filippo , Booz Christian , Vogl Thomas J , Yel Ibrahim , Marino Maria Adele , Mazziotti Silvio , Ascenti Giorgio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using electron density (ED) maps combined with Z-effective (Zeff) images obtained from unenhanced dual-layer dual-energy CT (dl-DECT) scans of the chest for the detection of pulmonary embolism (PE).

Materials and methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on consecutive patients who underwent for contrast-enhanced chest CT (CECT) clinically suspected of PE or acute aortic syndrome. These scans were performed on a single dl-DECT scanner between October 2021 and November 2023. To distinguish emboli from circulating blood, color-coded maps were generated from the ED dataset superimposed on Zeff images, which were acquired from the unenhanced phase. Two radiologists with different levels of expertise independently assessed the presence of PE in the generated ED-Zeff maps, blinded to CECT results, which served as the reference standard. Diagnostic accuracy of ED-Zeff maps was assessed for each reader.

Results
The final study cohort comprised 150 patients, with 92 males (mean age: 68 ± 10 years, range: 47-93 years) and 58 females (mean age: 66 ± 15 years, range 38-89 years). ED-Zeff maps demonstrated high diagnostic performance, yielding accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively, of 86.67% (113/150, 95% CI, 80.16%-91.66%), 85% (17/20, 95% CI, 79.89%-92.19%), and 86.92% (113/130, 95% CI, 79.89%-92.19%). Ed-Zeff maps were able to identify PE in 85% of positive cases. Cohen’s kappa coefficient indicated excellent intra- and interobserver agreement (κ ≥ 0.9).

Conclusion
ED maps combined with Zeff images from unenhanced dl-DECT scans represent a feasible tool for detecting PE and may prove useful in evaluating patients with contraindications to iodinated contrast.
No Place Like Home? Local Crime and Older Adults’ Time at Home
Authors: Goldman Alyssa W , Cai Liang , Browning Christopher 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Home is a locus of everyday activity among a growing population of Americans who are “aging in place,” and for whom leaving the home is generally thought to benefit quality of life and well-being. Sociological and criminological theory has often assumed that higher levels of local crime constrain individuals’ activities to the residential environment, although few studies have empirically tested this assumption. We use longitudinal smartphone-based GPS data and ecological momentary assessments from 409 older adults in the Chicago Health and Activity Space in Real-Time study, linked with administrative crime data, to test this relationship through a series of multilevel linear regression models. Our findings suggest that older adults living in higher crime areas spend less time at home, on average, compared to older adults who live in lower crime areas. This association is especially evident among older adults who experience higher levels of unsafety at home. We discuss the implication that neighborhood characteristics can permeate the boundaries of the home, adversely affecting an already vulnerable population in ways that may exacerbate inequality in community engagement, collective efficacy, and health. Our findings prompt a more nuanced understanding of what leaving the home represents among the aging population.
Evaluation of a Novel Mechanical Compression Device
Authors: Davis Carmen R. , Beeson Terrie , Porter Haley M. , Giuliano Karen K. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading preventable cause of death in hospitalized patients. Current intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices used to provide external mechanical compression for VTE prevention are associated with a multitude of clinical challenges that often result in subtherapeutic use. A comparative study was conducted of the real-world clinical use of a novel mechanical compression device (MCD) and a current IPC device.

Purpose:
The purpose of this quality improvement project was to compare use of the novel MCD and the standard IPC device on three clinical inpatient hospital units. Comparisons were based on the following patient outcome measures: evaluation of wear time, adherence to optimal wear time, evaluation of both patient comfort and device satisfaction, and perceived impact on mobility goals. Nurses' satisfaction with the clinical usability for mobility was also measured.

Methods:
This project used a pre–post design. A convenience sample of 89 surgical patients on the three clinical study units and 63 nursing staff members were recruited for the study. Data were collected using electronic health records, MCD data records, patient surveys, and nursing staff surveys. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent sample t tests. In the preintervention period, data were collected using the current IPC device. Nursing staff were then trained on use of the MCD. In the postintervention period, the MCDs were used in place of the IPC devices.

Results:
MCD patients had significantly longer (P ≤ 0.001) wear time (mean, 19.3 hours/day) compared with IPC patients (mean, 12.9 hours/day). MCD patients also reported significantly better sleep (P = 0.04), fewer problems with sweaty legs (P ≤ 0.001), and improved assistance with mobility goals (P ≤ 0.001) than IPC patients. Nursing staff reported significantly improved accuracy of mobility documentation (P ≤ 0.001) with the MCD, but no differences in their perception of patient satisfaction with meeting mobility goals.

Conclusions:
Use of the MCD device for VTE prophylaxis resulted in actual and perceived improvements from the perspective of both patients and nurses. While these results provide initial data in support of a potentially promising system, more research is needed.
Challenging Case: Family Navigation for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Lin Ingrid Y. , Stahmer Aubyn C. , Feinberg Emily , Feldman Heidi M. , Deras Melisa , Augustyn Marilyn 
Published: October 2024

CASE:
Leo is a 28-month-old boy from a monolingual Spanish-speaking family who was referred to a developmental-behavioral pediatrics (DBP) clinic for concerns regarding autism. His parents migrated to the United States 8 years ago and currently live and work on a farm. He was born in a US hospital after an uncomplicated pregnancy and has been generally healthy. His parents first became concerned about his development when he was 16 months old. He stopped saying mama/dada in Spanish and started lining up random objects. He had frequent temper tantrums and was difficult to console during unexpected changes in his routine. He screened positive on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F) at his 18-month well-child visit, and his pediatrician referred him to the local early intervention program. Calls from the early intervention program to his parents were unanswered. At his 24-month well-child visit, he again screened positive on the M-CHAT-R/F, and his pediatrician placed a referral for a DBP consultation. During the DBP visit at 28 months of age, developmental testing indicated his receptive and expressive language skills to be in the extremely low range, with significant scatter in his cognitive and adaptive skills. Behavioral observations were consistent with parental history and showed differences in social communication and interaction, the presence of repetitive behaviors, and extreme distress with transitions. He was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Recommendations, including referral to early intervention, applied behavior analysis therapy, speech and language therapy, audiology evaluation, and genetic testing, were discussed with his parents through an interpreter. An autism packet, written in Spanish, with detailed information about autism and community resources was given to the family. By the time of a follow-up DBP visit 6 months later, Leo had not started on any early intervention or therapeutic services. Where do you go from here?
Association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and infant mortality in a North Carolina birth cohort (2003–2015)
Authors: Jampel Sonya M. , Kaufman Joel , Enquobahrie Daniel A. , Wilkie Adrien A. , Gassett Amanda J. , Luben Thomas J. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
While the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and adult mortality is well established, few studies have examined the association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and infant mortality.

Methods:
We conducted an unmatched case–control study of 5992 infant mortality cases and 60,000 randomly selected controls from a North Carolina birth cohort (2003–2015). PM2.5 during critical exposure periods (trimesters, pregnancy, first month alive) was estimated using residential address and a national spatiotemporal model at census block centroid. We fit adjusted logistic regression models and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Due to differences in PM2
.5 over time, we stratified analyses into two periods: 2003–2009 (mean = 12.1 µg/m3, interquartile range [IQR]: 10.8–13.5) and 2011–2015 (mean = 8.4 µg/m3, IQR: 7.7–9.0). We assessed effect measure modification by birthing parent race/ethnicity, full-term birth, and PM2.5 concentrations.

Results:
For births 2003–2015, the odds of infant mortality increased by 12% (95% CI: 1.06, 1.17) per 4.0 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure averaged over the pregnancy. After stratifying, we observed an increase of 4% (95% CI: 0.95, 1.14) for births in 2003–2009 and a decrease of 15% (95% CI: 0.72, 1.01) for births in 2011–2015. Among infants with higher PM2.5 exposure (≥12 µg/m3) during pregnancy, the odds of infant mortality increased (OR: 2.69; 95% CI: 2.17, 3.34) whereas the lower exposure (<8 µg/m3) group reported decreased odds (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.89).

Conclusions:
We observed differing associations of PM2.5 exposure with infant mortality across higher versus lower PM2.5 concentrations. Research findings suggest the importance of accounting for long-term trends of decreasing PM2.5 concentrations in future research.
Comparative analysis of testicular and nontesticular choriocarcinoma: a population-based study
Authors: Alshwayyat Sakhr , Soudi Maen S. , Qaddoura Marwa T. , Alshwayyat Tala A. , Ababneh Obada , Hanifa Hamdah , Odat Ramez M. , AlAzab Rami S. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are common solid tumors in young men, originating in the testicles or outside the gonads. Choriocarcinoma, a rare and aggressive subtype, primarily affects females but can also occur in males. Treatment options depend on the stage and location of the tumor, with early recognition being crucial for better outcomes. Comparative studies between testicular and nontesticular choriocarcinoma are crucial for understanding distinct features and prognoses.

Methods:
The study utilized SEER*Stat software to extract data and applied statistical methods such as χ
2 analysis and Kaplan–Meier method. Inclusion criteria focused on patients diagnosed with choriocarcinoma between 2000 and 2018, while exclusion criteria eliminated cases without histological confirmation or with other tumors.

Results:
Among 363 patients, 270 (74.4%) had testicular CC, and 93 (25.6%) had nontesticular CC. Notably, testicular CC was more common in white patients, which could indicate demographic or environmental factors at play. Patients with testicular CC were more likely to undergo surgery, suggesting a significant treatment trend. It is worth exploring whether patient preferences or observed postsurgery improvements contribute to this pattern. Testicular CC had a higher 5-year OS rate of 54% versus 29%, and a higher 5-year CSS rate of 56.3% versus 31.9%, respectively.

Conclusion:
This study reveals distinct characteristics and treatment responses in testicular and nontesticular choriocarcinoma, emphasizing the need for personalized management based on subtype. Our findings highlight racial disparities in incidence and the efficacy of surgical intervention for both types, while chemotherapy benefits extragonadal cases and radiotherapy’s role requires further evaluation.
Social media adoption and utilization by Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation residency programs and implications for remote resident recruitment.
Authors: Lewis Christopher W. , Appavu Alethea J. , Holland Tiffany , Witt Oksana , Ngo Katrina , Uhlig-Reche Hannah , Afifi Toqa , Galibov Michael , Fry Alexandra , Verduzco-Gutierrez Monica 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We aim to investigate the association of Instagram and Twitter (rebranded X) adoption by Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R) residencies with the number of National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) applications received in the 2020-2021 application cycle. Among 88 PM&R residency programs, 67 (77%) had Instagram accounts, 45 (51%) had Twitter accounts, and 41 (47%) had both. Forty (60%) Instagram accounts and 19 (42%) Twitter accounts were opened during the 2020-2021 application cycle, correlating with the introduction of virtual interviews and the COVID-19 pandemic. Residency programs with active Instagram or Twitter accounts had more NRMP applications (F(2,85) = 7.49, P = 0.001). Simple main effects analysis showed that programs with an Instagram account (P = 0.03) or a Twitter account (P = 0.03) received more residency applications. In multivariate linear regression analysis including presence of an Instagram account, program size, program setting, and program region, the presence of a Twitter account (coefficient 37.3, P = 0.04, 95% CI 1.71-72.96) and ≥ 16 residents in the residency program (coefficient 77.9, P < 0.001, 95% CI 44.43-111.31) were positively correlated with the number of residency applications. In conclusion, residency programs that were larger and adopted Twitter had more applicants in 2020-2021. Future research is needed to determine how social media activity impacts residency applicant decision-making.