bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and development of low‐weight and high‐strength electromagnetic shielding nanocomposite in a microwave frequency range
Authors: Modanwal Rajnish P. , Kundalwal S. I. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this novel work, we fabricated the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposite by employing the novel ultrasonic dual mixing (UDM) method. Subsequently, the atomistics and structural characterizations of the fabricated MWCNT/PPy nanocomposite (PM) were performed using SEM, Raman, and XRD. Furthermore, we experimentally evaluated the mechanical properties of the fabricated PM by reinforcing the PPy matrix with MWCNTs at different wt.%. The experimental study of PM shows that the mechanical properties depend upon the amount and dispersion quality of MWCNTs in the PPy matrix. In order to validate the experimental outcomes, the conservative fully coupled finite element (FE) models were developed using the ANSYS Workbench and novel FEAST software. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of developed PM was also calculated at different thicknesses of PM by taking the effect of SE due to absorption (SEA) and SE reflection (SER) in the microwave frequency range of the C‐band (5.37–8.2 GHz) into consideration. The total SE (SET), the cumulative sum of SEA and SER, is the strong function of the thickness of the PM. Additionally, our study's outcomes reveal that as the thickness of the PM increased, the SET also increased by dominating the SEA rather than the SER. The SET value of 75 dB was observed for a sample with a thickness of 3 mm, indicating a high level of shielding. Thus, material becomes a highly attractive option for achieving high‐performance EMI SE in the C‐band for satellite communications, Wi‐Fi devices, weather radar systems, surveillance, and cordless telephones. A complex permittivity and permeability were also studied using the Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) method to understand the mechanism behind the EMI SE.Highlights
Nanocomposite fabricated using the novel ultrasonic dual mixing method.
FE models were developed to validate experimental results.
The EC and EMI SE are improved with the increase in the sample thickness.
Absorption, rather than reflection, dominated the shielding mechanism.
SE was observed dB with good mechanical properties.
Recent Insights Into Interfacial Transport and Chemical Reactions of Plasma‐Generated Species in Liquid
Authors: Locke Bruce R. , Thagard Selma Mededovic , Lukes Petr 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe chemistry of plasma–liquid interactions involves a complex interplay of physical and chemical processes at the plasma–liquid interface. These interactions give rise to the generation, transport, and transformation of various reactive species. Since the publication of the Lorenz Roadmap in 2016, significant progress has been made in understanding the interfacial transport and coupled reactions of plasma‐generated species with inorganic and organic compounds. However, critical aspects of plasma–liquid chemistry and mass transfer still require further investigation. This review summarizes recent work on processes at the plasma–liquid interface and the coupled reactions in the liquid phase. We highlight key findings related to the involvement of O atoms, H radicals, solvated electrons, photons, and nitrogen‐derived species at the interface and within the bulk liquid.
The effects of rule of law, regulatory quality, and R&D on Japan's environmental sustainability
Authors: Damak Obadiah I. , Güngör Hasan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates Japan's ecological footprint, addressing the lack of comprehensive research on the environmental impacts of globalization, trade openness, regulatory quality, and rule of law in the country. Using data from 1990 to 2021, the study explores the relationship between these variables and Japan's ecological footprint through autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) analysis, Granger causality tests, and diagnostics to assess variable stability. The ARDL results reveal that (i) the rule of law and trade openness reduce Japan's ecological footprint, (ii) regulatory quality and globalization increase it in the long run, and (iii) research and development improve the ecological footprint in the short run. Additionally, the Granger causality test indicates a unidirectional relationship, where the ecological footprint influences all the explanatory variables. These findings highlight the importance of coordinated policies to address Japan's environmental challenges. To mitigate its ecological footprint, Japan should promote stronger legal frameworks, trade openness, and investment in research and development, while ensuring adherence to the rule of law.
Azobenzene‐Functionalized Semicrystalline Liquid Crystal Elastomer Springs for Underwater Soft Robotic Actuators
Authors: Seo Wonbin , Haines Carter S. , Kim Hongdeok , Park Chae‐Lin , Kim Shi Hyeong , Park Sungmin , Kim Dong‐Gyun , Choi Joonmyung , Baughman Ray H. , Ware Taylor H. , Lee Habeom , Kim Hyun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs actuated devices become smaller and more complex, there is a need for smart materials and structures that directly function as complete mechanical units without an external power supply. The strategy uses light‐powered, twisted, and coiled azobenzene‐functionalized semicrystalline liquid crystal elastomer (AC‐LCE) springs. This twisting and coiling, which has previously been used for only thermally, electrochemically, or absorption‐powered muscles, maximizes uniaxial and radial actuation. The specially designed photochemical muscles can undergo about 60% tensile stroke and provide 15 kJ m−3 of work capacity in response to light, thus providing about three times and two times higher performance, respectively, than previous azobenzene actuators. Since this actuation is photochemical, driven by ultraviolet (UV) light and reversed by visible light, isothermal actuation can occur in a range of environmental conditions, including underwater. In addition, photoisomerization of the AC‐LCEs enables unique latch‐like actuation, eliminating the need for continuous energy application to maintain the stroke. Also, as the light‐powered muscles processed to be either homochiral or heterochiral, the direction of actuation can be reversed. The presented approach highlights the novel capabilities of photochemical actuator materials that can be manipulated in untethered, isothermal, and wet environmental conditions, thus suggesting various potential applications, including underwater soft robotics.
In Situ Oxygen Generation via a Platinum‐Based Wireless Nanopore Electrode for Single‐Cell Manipulation
Authors: Chen Ke‐Le , Yu Ru‐Jia , Li Ming‐Kang , Wang Hao‐Wei , Xie Bao‐Kang , Liu Shao‐Chuang , Ying Yi‐Lun , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOxygen production within human cells plays a critical role in cellular metabolism and is implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Investigating cellular heterogeneity under oxygen stimulation is crucial for elucidating disease mechanisms and advancing early therapeutic design. In this study, the platinum‐based wireless nanopore electrode (WNE) with a diameter of ≈200 nm is employed as a powerful tool to produce oxygen molecules near the cell nucleus. The oxygen production can be quantitatively controlled by adjusting the applied voltage. Through delivering oxygen near the cancer cell nucleus, this technique shows the capacity to alleviate the hypoxia microenvironment, a key factor in chemotherapy resistance. Furthermore, by modulating oxygen levels within individual living cells and delivering chemotherapeutic agents to the cancer cell nucleus, this approach offers significant potential for single‐cell manipulation and the investigation of cellular heterogeneity under oxygen stimulation.
Mevastatin‐Induced HO‐1 Expression in Cardiac Fibroblasts: A Strategy to Combat Cardiovascular Inflammation and Fibrosis
Authors: Lee I‐Ta , Yang Chien‐Chung , Lin Yan‐Jyun , Wu Wen‐Bin , Lin Wei‐Ning , Lee Chiang‐Wen , Tseng Hui‐Ching , Tsai Fuu‐Jen , Hsiao Li‐Der , Yang Chuen‐Mao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMevastatin (MVS) is known for its anti‐inflammatory effects, potentially achieved by upregulating heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), an enzyme involved in cytoprotection against oxidative injury. Nonetheless, the specific processes by which MVS stimulates HO‐1 expression in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) are not yet fully understood. In this study, we found that MVS treatment increased HO‐1 mRNA and protein levels in HCFs. This induction was inhibited by pretreatment with specific inhibitors of p38 MAPK, JNK1/2, and FoxO1, and by siRNAs targeting NOX2, p47phox, p38, JNK1, FoxO1, Keap1, and Nrf2. MVS also triggered ROS generation and activated JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK, both attenuated by NADPH oxidase or ROS inhibitors. Additionally, MVS promoted the phosphorylation of FoxO1 and Nrf2, which was suppressed by p38 MAPK or JNK1/2 inhibitor. Furthermore, MVS inhibited TNF‐α‐induced NF‐κB activation and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) expression via the HO‐1/CO pathway in HCFs. In summary, the induction of HO‐1 expression in HCFs by MVS is mediated through two primary signaling pathways: NADPH oxidase/ROS/p38 MAPK, and JNK1/2/FoxO1 and Nrf2. This research illuminates the underlying processes through which MVS exerts its anti‐inflammatory effects by modulating HO‐1 in cardiac fibroblasts.
Parosteal osteosarcoma in a cat treated by caudal maxillectomy and zygomectomy
Authors: Venzo Giorgia , Etchepareborde Sébastien 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA 13‐year‐old European cat was presented for evaluation of a sessile, non‐painful mass in the right zygomatic arch that had been slowly progressing over a 1‐year period. Initial histological analysis of a bone biopsy, conducted by the referring veterinarian, yielded inconclusive results, and a second incisional biopsy was interpreted as an osteoproliferative lesion suggestive of low‐grade osteosarcoma. Caudal maxillectomy and zygomectomy were performed. Subsequent histopathological examination confirmed the presence of parosteal osteosarcoma. This neoplasm, while uncommon in feline and canine populations, remains poorly documented in existing literature.
Anomalies of average symmetries: entanglement and open quantum systems
Authors: Hsin Po-Shen , Luo Zhu-Xi , Sun Hao-Yu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Symmetries and their anomalies are powerful tools for understanding quantum systems. However, realistic systems are often subject to disorders, dissipation and decoherence. In many circumstances, symmetries are not exact but only on average. This work investigates the constraints on mixed states resulting from non-commuting average symmetries. We will focus on the cases where the commutation relations of the average symmetry generators are violated by nontrivial phases, and call such average symmetry anomalous. We show that anomalous average symmetry implies degeneracy in the density matrix eigenvalues, and present several lattice examples with average symmetries, including XY chain, Heisenberg chain, and deformed toric code models. In certain cases, the results can be further extended to reduced density matrices, leading to a new lower bound on the entanglement entropy. We discuss several applications in the contexts of many body localization, quantum channels, entanglement phase transitions and also derive new constraints on the Lindbladian evolution of open quantum systems.
The variance of integers without small prime factors in short intervals
Authors: Gorodetsky Ofir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe variance of primes in short intervals relates to the Riemann Hypothesis, Montgomery’s Pair Correlation Conjecture and the Hardy–Littlewood Conjecture. In regards to its asymptotics, very little is known unconditionally. We study the variance of integers without prime factors below y, in short intervals. We use complex analysis and sieve theory to prove an unconditional asymptotic result in a range for which we give evidence is qualitatively best possible. We find that this variance connects with statistics of y-smooth numbers, and, as with primes, is asymptotically smaller than the naive probabilistic prediction once the length of the interval is at least a power of y.
Anatomical analysis of the abdominal aorta in a South African sample: influence of age and sex
Authors: Mokoena Pheladi , Lunn-Collier Robyn , Witbooi Lee-Roy , Baatjes Karin , Keet Kerri 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The anatomy of the abdominal aorta (AA) varies with age and sex; however, limited studies exist from South Africa. Given the increased incidence of endovascular treatment of the AA, reference values are relevant for interventionalists for improving the safety of endovascular procedures. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the lengths, diameters and tortuosity of the AA and their association with age and sex in a South African sample.

Methods
After ethical approval, 97 computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans from an adult sample (54 male and 43 female), mean age 48.5 ± 17.2 years were analysed. The aortic length was measured from the origin of the coeliac trunk to the bifurcation point of the AA. The lumen diameters of the aorta were measured at three landmarks. Tortuosity of the AA was quantified with the tortuosity index and its prevalence was determined.

Results
The AA was longer in males and showed a significant weak positive correlation with age. The mean diameters of the AA were larger in males and had a significant strong positive correlation with age in both sexes (p < .001). There was a strong positive correlation between age and tortuosity in both sexes (p < .001). The prevalence of a tortuous c-shaped-curve phenotype was 8.2%, with a 7:1 male-to-female ratio.

Conclusion
The dimensions and tortuosity differed between sexes and varied significantly with age. These findings may contribute towards reference values in the South African setting, inform patient selection and complement decision-making of endovascular treatment strategies.
Characterizing the chemical composition of red coloring matter samples from the Altamira cave using synchrotron µXRF imaging
Authors: Tapia José , Eveno Myriam , Prada Alfredo , Fatás Pilar , de las Heras Carmen , Arias Pablo , Müller Katharina , Schöder Sebastian , Reiche Ina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe chemical in situ study of red coloring matter from Paleolithic cave art is challenging because the same trace elements can be present both in the matter and in the calcitic support, and the two present a heterogeneous composition. In this study, thirteen red iron oxide-based coloring matter samples obtained at drip points coming from eight locations within the Techo de los Polícromos, Altamira cave (Spain), have been analyzed by highly sensitive synchrotron-induced micro-X-ray fluorescence (SR-µXRF). Our analyses improved the characterization of red Paleolithic pigments by establishing characteristic trace element patterns, additionally facilitating a comparison of the distinct representations within the cave. Furthermore, new differentiation criteria between the composition of the calcitic walls and that of the red coloring matter could be established, helping to improve future non-invasive analyses.
Characterisation of rouaite, an unusual copper-containing pigment in early modern English wall paintings, by synchrotron micro X-Ray diffraction and micro X-Ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Purdy Ellen H. , Critchley Sarah , Holé Clément , Cotte Marine , Kirkham Andrea , Casford Michael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough the use of verditer, a synthetically produced copper carbonate pigment chemically analogous to azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2), in early modern wall paintings is regularly reported in grey literature, its detection in wall paintings is typically unavailable in a public forum. This article focusses on two particular samples (M9 and T1) initially suspected to contain copper blue pigments from decorative wall painting schemes in domestic houses across a range of status groups, in eastern and south-eastern England, dated to 1550-1650. Interest in verditer synthesis procedures is found in textual sources including both historic manuals and current scientific literature. The unreliability of the synthesis, particularly for blue verditer, however, is widely documented. Here, we report a multimodal study employing SEM-EDX, SR-$$\mu$$
μ
PXRD mapping, and SR-$$\mu$$
μ
XANES spectroscopy to characterise the phases present in two wall painting samples, one c. 1600/early 1600s (M9) and the other c. 1600 (T1). In addition to assessment of the presence of verditer, this study presents the first identification of rouaite, a synthetic copper hydroxynitrate mineral (Cu2(NO3)(OH)3), in wall painting samples. Rouaite, shown in a previous publication to be a common byproduct of replications of the historical verditer synthetic recipes, appears in combination with verditer and alone. Its infrequent identification in paintings and murals is considered in light of analytical challenges. The presence of copper hydroxychlorides is also discussed in the context of rouaite stability and degradation. These results represent a significant development in our knowledge of the early modern palette in England and historical verditer synthesis and advances our understanding of how these painting schemes may be best preserved in the future.
Towards full autonomy in mobile robot navigation and manipulation
Authors: Schwaiger Simon , Muster Lucas , Scherl Alessandro , Trivisonne Paolo , Wöber Wilfried , Thalhammer Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRobot autonomy is a key for automatizing industrial production plants, facilitating responsive search and rescue (SAR), and for interacting in urban settings. This work presents mobile systems capable of carrying out these tasks and summarises experience from practical deployments in three different domains for navigation. For industry, a mobile manipulator is presented, which is used for dynamic precise docking and object handling. For SAR, a semi-autonomous system is presented which is used for sampling hazardous materials, manipulating tools, and for localizing nuclear radiation sources. To improve urban logistics, a mobile robot autonomously navigates complex outdoor environments using semantic mapping techniques. Future work will explore further advancements that strive toward increased flexibility, reasoning and universal applicability of mobile robots. The goal is to reduce training, onboarding and tool changing times to reduce manual interfacing times.
Lifestyle changes and patient-reported outcomes over five years in a sample of people with multiple sclerosis after a single multimodal intensive lifestyle education workshop
Authors: Reece Jeanette , Jelinek George A , Milanzi Elasma , Simpson-Yap Steve , Neate Sandra L , Taylor Keryn L , Jelinek Pia L , Davenport Rebekah , Bevens William , Yu Maggie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Modifiable lifestyle risk factors for progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) have been increasingly studied. This study employed a single-group design involving a one-off intensive live-in educational workshop on lifestyle modification for people with MS. We aimed to examine changes in a range of clinical and lifestyle variables and quality of life, self-efficacy, physical impact of MS and disability from baseline to 3- and 5-years post-intervention.

Methods
95 participants completed the baseline survey. Data included lifestyle risk factors of diet quality, meat and dairy consumption, omega 3 and vitamin D supplementation, physical activity, stress reducing activities, and smoking status, and use of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Patient-reported outcomes included health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, physical impact of MS and disability. Generalised estimating equation models were used to account for within-participant correlation over time.

Results
Sixty participants (63.2%) provided data at 3- and 5-years. Significant improvements in diet quality, omega 3 supplementation, and non-smoking were seen at both timepoints. Use of DMTs and disability remained unchanged. Mental (8.8- and 6.9-point) and physical (10.5- and 7.3-point) quality of life, and self-efficacy (2.4- and 1.9-point) improved significantly at 3- and 5-years, respectively. Physical impact of MS reduced from baseline to 3-years (-3.7 points) with a trend towards reduction at 5-years (-2.9 points; p = 0.079).

Conclusions
Education on lifestyle modification can lead to lifestyle modification and short and long-term improvements in mental and physical wellbeing outcomes. Results suggest potential value in lifestyle modification as an adjunctive component to standard therapy for MS.
Treatment selection and influencing factors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a physician survey in Japan
Authors: Yuda Junichiro , Wang Chaochen , Terasawa Tomoko , Tajimi Masaomi , Osaga Satoshi , Miura Moemi , Takaoka Shori , Tanizawa Yoshinori 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a rare form of lymphoma in Japan. This study aimed to explore hematologists’ motivations and considerations in making treatment decisions for CLL.

Methods
Responses from hematologists treating CLL, obtained through an online survey, were descriptively analyzed. Subgroup analyses by preferred first-line (1L) treatment, years of clinical experience, and level of interest in CLL were conducted.

Results
Out of 107 hematologists surveyed, 82.2% identified Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) as their primary choice for 1L treatment; the reasons included established clinical evidence (61.4%) and oral administration convenience (56.8%). Key factors influencing 1L treatment selection among those favoring BTKi included the presence of 17p deletion, TP53 mutation, and patient’s fitness status. BTKi was favored by 92.6% of hematologists with < 10 years of clinical experience and by 78.8% with more experience. The main reasons for choosing BTKi included safety (50.0%) and tolerance (46.7%) among hematologists who stated they had a specific interest in CLL and the oral administration route (62.1%) among hematologists with lower interest. When BTKi was used as 1L therapy, venetoclax-based regimens were preferred for second-line treatment. The most common concern about BTKi was substantial out-of-pocket costs.

Conclusion
Although many Japanese hematologists select their treatment based on clinical evidence, variations exist in treatment strategies, possibly associated with hematologists’ experience and interest in CLL. These findings underscore the importance of further promoting evidence-based treatments to ensure that all physicians can make informed decisions. Future research should explore additional factors that influence CLL treatment decisions.