bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incremental exercise test performance with and without a respiratory gas collection system
Authors: Clark J 
Published: April 2016

Objective. Despite their widespread use in exercise testing, few data are available on the effect of wearing respiratory gas collection (RGC) systems on exercise test performance. Industrial-type mask wear is thought to impair exercise performance through increased respiratory dead space, flow resistance and/or discomfort when compared with RGC facemasks, but whether performance decrements exist for RGC facemask wear versus non-wear is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in incremental exercise test performance with and without a RGC system. Incremental exercise test performance with and without a respiratory gas collection system Design. Twenty moderately active males (age 21.0 ± 1.9 years; VO2peak 55.9 ± 3.0 ml∙kg-1∙min-1) performed two progressive treadmill tests to volitional exhaustion. In random order subjects ran with (MASK) or without (NO-MASK) a RGC facemask and flow sensor connected to a gas analyzer. Descriptive data (mean ± SD) were determined for all parameters. The Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired differences was used to assess mean differences between MASK and NO-MASK conditions. Results. Exercise time to exhaustion, peak treadmill speed, peak blood lactate concentration, peak heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were not different (p>0.05) between MASK and NO-MASK conditions. Conclusions. Incremental exercise test performance is not adversely affected by RGC and analysis equipment, at least in short duration progressive treadmill exercise. Respiratory gas analysis during exercise testing for diagnostic, performance assessment or training prescription purposes would appear to be unaffected by RGC systems.
Changes in the physical fitness of elite women’s rugby union players over a competition season
Authors: Hene NM , Bassett SH 
Published: April 2016

Objective. To investigate changes in the physical fitness characteristics of elite women’s rugby union players over a competitive season.Methods. Thirty-two elite women’s rugby union players, all members of the South African Rugby Union High Performance Squad, were sub-divided into 2 positional categories of 17 forwards and 15 backs, respectively, and assessed pre-, mid- and post-competition season. Players underwent anthropometric (stature, body mass and sum of 7 skinfolds) and physical performance measurements (vertical jump, 10 m and 40 m sprint, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and multi-stage shuttle-run test).Analysis. A 2-factor analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences in physical fitness variables between and within playing positions over the competition season (p<0.01).Results. In both groups, no significant changes were detected in the sum of skinfolds, vertical jump height, 1RM bench press and multi-stage shuttle-run test scores throughout the season. However, sprint times (10 m and 40 m) significantly increased and then decreased for both groups between the early (pre- to mid-season) and later phases of the season (mid- to post-season), respectively.Conclusion. The results suggest that, for improvement in physical fitness, players need to train at higher loads, especially in the preparatory phase. Thereafter, they must take measures to actively maintain these gains throughout the competitive season. Direct supervision of their conditioning should be encouraged.
Sudden cardiac arrest risk in young athletes
Authors: Gradidge PJ-L , Constantinou D , Goldberg L 
Published: April 2016

Underlying cardiac abnormalities are the main cause of unexpected death in athletes on field. These abnormalities have been associated with a previous history of syncope, a family history of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), cardiac murmur, a history of over-exhaustion post exercise and ventricular tachyarrhythmia during physical activity. The timely diagnosis of susceptible athletes may assist with an appropriate management plan for these individuals, and allow for the prevention of premature death in sport. A young football player was screened for SCA risk using the fundamental components of the pre-participation examination (PPE) – essentially, a medical history, a resting and stress electrocardiogram, and an echocardiogram to support clinical findings. The case is submitted with consideration of the applicable literature to accentuate the importance of using PPE to prevent SCA in young athletes.
Steps that count! A feasibility study of a pedometer-based, health-promotion intervention in an employed, South African population
Authors: Pillay Julian David , Kolbe-Alexander Tracy Lynn , Proper Karin I , Van Mechelen Willem , Lambert Estelle Victoria 
Published: April 2016

Background. The emergence of the pedometer as a useful motivational aid for increasing physical activity (PA) has supported its use in PA interventions. Objectives. To examine the feasibility of a 10-week pedometer-based intervention complemented by regular motivational messages, to increase ambulatory PA; and to determine the minimum sample size required for a randomised, controlled trial (RCT). Methods. Participants, sourced by convenience sampling of employees from an academic institution, were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (IG) (n=11) or control group (CG) (n=11), following baseline health measurements and blinded pedometer wear (week 1). Participants in the IG subsequently wore an unblinded pedometer (10 weeks) to self-monitor daily steps. Individualised messages using pedometer data (IG) and general motivational messages (IG and CG) were provided bi-weekly. Blinded pedometer wear (IG and CG) and a feedback questionnaire (IG) were completed at week 12. Pedometer data were compared between the IG and CG at week 12. Results. Participants’ perceptions of the intervention supported the benefit of the pedometer as a useful motivational aid and a reminder to increase steps per day. Occupational sitting time and inability to incorporate PA into daily routine emerged as the main barrier to adherence. Steps per day increased more in the IG (mean ± standard deviation (SD) 996±1 748) than in the CG (mean±SD 97±750). Modest improvements were noted in all clinical measures (IG). Conclusion. Based on the improvement of 1 000 steps/day (IG), a minimum of 85 participants in the IG and CG, respectively, is required for a future RCT (80% power; p<0.05). We recommend a minimum of 150 participants in each group to account for loss to follow-up and to allow for subgroup analyses.
Effect of caffeine ingestion on fluid balance during exercise in the heat and during recovery
Authors: Zhang Yang , Carter S J , Schumacker R E , Neggers Y H , Curtner-Smith, M D , Richardson M T , Green J M , Bishop P A 
Published: April 2016

Background. The effect of ingestion of a common stimulant, caffeine, on fluid balance during exercise and recovery is not fully known. Objectives. To determine the effect of caffeine on fluid balance during exercise in the heat and during a 3-hour recovery period thereafter. Methods. In a randomised, controlled design, caffeine-naive participants (N=8) pedalled on a bike to achieve 2.5% baseline body mass loss in a hot environment in four separate conditions: with (C+) or without (C–) caffeine ingestion (6 mg/kg of body mass) prior to exercise, followed by (W+) or without (W–) 100% fluid replenishment (water) of the body mass loss during a 3-hour recovery period (yielding C+W+, C+W–, C–W+ and C–W–, respectively). Results. Mean (standard deviation) urine production was not different (p>0.05) regardless of rehydration status: 230 (162) mL (C+W–) v. 168 (77) mL (C–W–); and 713 (201) mL (C+W+) v. 634 (185) mL (C–W+). For the 3-hour recovery, caffeine ingestion caused higher hypohydration during rehydration conditions (p=0.02), but practically the mean difference in the loss of body mass was only 0.2 kg. Conclusion. In practical terms, there was no evidence that caffeine ingestion in moderation would impair fluid balance during prolonged exercise in the heat or during 3 hours of recovery.
Bipolaridade rural no governo colombiano: Kaustky, Lenin e Chayanov, duas heranças, duas visões, dois campos
Authors: Azuero Juan Francisco 
Published: April 2016

Ainda e grande a influencia que têm Kautsky, Lenin e Chayanov nas visões e políticas de desenvolvimento rural na Colômbia. O governo colombiano tem optado por impulsionar dois tipos de politicas que se contradizem, o que podemos definir como “bipolaridade rural”. Por um lado, impulsa políticas próximas às ideias de Chayanov centradas no Desenvolvimento Rural com Enfoque Territorial onde a pequena unidade camponesa tem um papel central, como por exemplo a “Reforma Rural Integral” concordada nas conversações de paz na Havana. Por outro, políticas próximas aos pressupostos de Lenin e Kautsky, de impulso à grande agroindústria e que sentencia a pequena unidade camponesa ao desaparecimento, como por exemplo as “Zonas de Interés de Desarrollo Rural, Económico y Social” (ZIDRES).
Freedoms In the Classroom: Cultivating a Successful Third Space for Literacy Growth
Authors: Nash-Ditzel Sue , Brown Tammy 
Published: April 2016

This phenomenologically-based, action research study looked at themes across the interviews of college students after they participated in the Digital Reading Log (DRL); a literacy-based activity utilizing the Internet, word processing software and email. The purpose of this study was to investigate students’ experiences in the basic skills reading classroom while engaged with the DRL. Findings indicate that the DRL afforded the students various freedoms, such as freedom of language and choice. The data suggested that the instructor was able to draw upon these freedoms to effectively create a Third Space that improved struggling young adult readers’ understanding of text while increasing their motivation to read.
The Value of Writing for Senior-Citizen Writers
Authors: Park Jeff , Brenna Beverley A. 
Published: April 2016

This qualitative case study explores writing and writing motivations of senior citizens age 65-93 who had entered a public library Writing Challenge. The research questions focused on how and why writing was important to this group as well as what patterns and themes emerged in their work. Data from questionnaires offered that the social aspect of writing appeared to be the strongest motivating factor for participation. Numerous individual reasons for writing were listed, and these, as well as the unique ideas presented in excerpts from the work itself, created a resonant picture of writing in participants’ lives. The resulting anthology contained a predominance of non-fiction, including life writing components within fictive pieces, utilizing the expressive function. Key themes included identity, olden days, progress, humour, nature, religion, and the love of family. Implications involve the importance of community writing events for writers who may not have other means of developing individual writing networks. Further research is recommended related to seniors and literacy to add to what is currently a limited academic viewpoint regarding this population.
Cub’s Journey Home by G. Graham
Authors: Campbell Sandy 
Published: April 2016

Graham, Georgia. Cub’s Journey Home. Markham, ON: Red Deer Press, 2015. Print.Georgia Graham is a fine artist, but as a writer, needs a good editor. Like her earlier work Where Wild Horses Run, this is a beautifully illustrated book. Graham’s landscapes, trees, rivers, rocks, bears and flowers are all highly realistic. She tackles a variety of environments including snow, running water, forest fire, a burnt landscape and a garbage dump. Many of the images are frame-worthy. There are flaws in the flames of her forest fire, some of which look like they belong on racing cars; however, in the next image, she absolutely captures the complexity of the fire reflected on swamp water. Unfortunately, the text is an amalgamation of strange images and unusual or extravagant word choices. Why, for example, is a baby bear growing inside the mother called a “speck”? There is so much purple prose that the reader is constantly distracted. There are “long needles of sunlight” that “stab”. The snow covering the den is “a curtain of lacy ice”. “A breeze runs its icy fingers through his fur.” The cub “skedaddles”. “A dark blanket [of smoke] rises up and steals the stars from the sky.” The whole text would have been much better if Graham had just written in her natural voice, as she occasionally does, to good effect.While the unusual word choices make the reading level of the text much too advanced for a picture book, the images, with their excellent rendering of Alberta landscapes, make it valuable. This book is recommended with reservations for elementary school libraries and public libraries. Recommended with reservations: 2 out of 4 starsReviewer: Sandy CampbellSandy is a Health Sciences Librarian at the University of Alberta, who has written hundreds of book reviews across many disciplines. Sandy thinks that sharing books with children is one of the greatest gifts anyone can give.
The Gathering by K. Armstrong
Authors: Feisst Debbie 
Published: April 2016

Armstrong, Kelley. The Gathering. Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 2011. Print. Rural Ontario-based writer Kelley Armstrong is the author of over 15 novels, mostly fantasy, including the #1 New York Times and Globe and Mail bestselling Darkest Powers young adult urban fantasy trilogy. The Gathering is the first in her new Darkness Rising trilogy, a sequel series to Darkest Powers, and is interrelated but with a new set of characters. Sixteen-year-old Maya Delaney lives in Salmon Creek, a small Vancouver Island town of less than two-hundred people which exists solely to serve the needs of a medical research facility owned by the St. Cloud Corporation. In fact, the St. Cloud Corporation owns the entire town including homes, the school and other world-class facilities that have been built for its resident employees and their families. Maya has an affinity for animals and healing and enjoys spending time in the wildlife rehabilitation centre her father runs as the town’s park ranger. Adopted from birth from parents of an unknown First Nations background, Maya has a generally happy life and loving and responsible parents but is haunted by the bizarre drowning death of her best friend Serena, the captain of the swim team, a year previous. Maya’s life and those of the town’s close-knit residents, changes drastically after a reporter arrives and begins to ask questions about the St. Cloud Corporation and life in Salmon Creek. Maya is led to believe that this reporter may have information on Serena’s mysterious death. Other strange occurrences such as: mountain lions gathering around her home, the appearance of the town’s new ‘bad boy’ Rafe Martinez, and being called a ‘witch’ during a visit to a Nanaimo tattoo shop, cause Maya to question who she is and where she comes from. The Gathering is a quick, easy read and a good start to what looks like will be another intriguing trilogy. The characters are believable and of note is the involvement of Maya’s likeable parents in her life which is so often missing from other books in this genre. A Native Canadian protagonist and a unique Canadian setting also make for interesting reading as does the move beyond vampires and werewolves. Do not expect a neat and tidy ending; this trilogy is structured as one story rather than three separate stand-alone volumes and leaves you wanting more. Readers will have to wait, however, until April 2012 when the second book in the series, currently titled The Calling, is set to release. Recommended: 3 stars out of 4 Reviewer: Debbie Feisst Debbie is a Public Services Librarian at the H.T. Coutts Education Library at the University of Alberta. When not renovating, she enjoys travel, fitness and young adult fiction.
Titanic: Voices from the Disaster by D. Hopkinson
Authors: Lunny Jennifer 
Published: April 2016

Hopkinson, Deborah. Titanic: Voices from the Disaster. New York: Scholastic Inc., 2012. Print. Almost 100 years after the disastrous sinking of the Titanic, the story of the ship's demise continues to create a fresh sense of horror. In this riveting exploration of the tragedy, acclaimed historical non-fiction author, Deborah Hopkinson, brings history alive by following the stories of several of the Titanic's passengers from setting sail to shipwreck. I quickly discovered that an impressive amount of research went into this book, as revealed by the comprehensive appendices. If it wasn't for this extensive documentation, it would have been easy to forget that I was reading non-fiction because of the way Hopkinson weaves several spell-binding narratives of select passengers. Chapter One begins by introducing an amateur photographer, Frank Browne, who is thrilled to find himself aboard the Titanic for a two day cruise at the outset of the doomed ship's passage. This initial chapter also introduces famed figures such as J. Bruce Ismay, the managing director of the ship's company, as well as Captain Edward Smith, and stewardess Violet Jessop. Frank Browne fortuitously disembarked in Cork, Ireland. The others were not so lucky. What stands out about this book is how Hopkinson puts a human face to the tragedy that claimed the lives of 1,496 people so long ago. In place of the 1997 blockbuster film with Leonardo Di Caprio, I now have a more chilling understanding of the human arrogance that caused the disaster, as well as the dreams and families that were lost on that cold, calm, starry night. Rather than imagining fictitious characters, I now imagine the real heroism of Second Officer Charles Lightoller who loaded lifeboats until he literally sank into the Atlantic (and miraculously survived), and the shocking decision of J. Bruce Ismay who chose to save himself while his passengers drowned. This book is a history of loss and survival, as well as courage and cowardice. Both intermediate and senior students will be hooked, especially reluctant readers who will likely already know something about the sinking of the Titanic and who often find more meaning in real life contexts. This book undoubtedly deserves a place on your library's bookshelves. Highly recommended: 4 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Jennifer Lunny Jennifer Lunny is a new teacher-librarian at Ballenas Secondary School on Vancouver Island. A former English and social studies teacher, she is excited to promote literacy in her new position. Finding that special book to connect with a student is one of the highlights of her job. She has spent the fall semester building the collection at her school with many of the titles that were proposed in this project
When I Feel Worried by C. Spelman
Authors: Tan Maria 
Published: April 2016

Spelman, Cornelia, When I Feel Worried. Illus. Kathy Parkinson. Chicago : Albert Whitman & Company, 2013. Print.In When I Feel Worried, readers follow a young guinea pig’s transformation from being full of worry and uncertainty, to being happy, engaged, and confident. Through the main character, the book’s creators, Cornelia Maude Spelman and Kathy Parkinson, identify situations that can induce worry, explore the physical and cognitive dimensions of the emotion, normalize these feelings, and introduce common practical strategies to reduce worry and anxiety.Author, Cornelia Spelman, uses simple, descriptive vocabulary suited to young children’s comprehension level, and presents examples to which they can relate. Children’s book illustrator, Kathy Parkinson, combines pale backgrounds with water colour illustrations outlined in black crayon. Her playful use of colour, pattern, and texture create a vibrant tableau. Although animals act as surrogates for humans in this book, Ms. Parkinson manages to portray very human expressions in the story’s animal characters. The colourful illustrations, positive messages, and relevant examples will appeal to young children. Prior to becoming a full-time children’s author and artist, Ms. Spelman was a clinical social worker. Her background as a therapist with children and families comes through in her work on When I Feel Worried. Ms. Spelman includes an introductory note to parents and teachers, framing anxiety as something that affects everyone, including children, and provides practical strategies for supporting young children as they manage their anxiety.Ms. Spelman and Ms. Parkinson have collaborated on numerous children’s works, including eight books that comprise the How I Feel Series; When I Feel Worried is the most current of these. Their literary works for young people have been translated into multiple languages.Highly recommended: 4 out of 4 starsReviewer: Maria TanMaria C. Tan is a medical librarian at the Abdul Khaliq Library in Alberta Health Services’ Cross Cancer Institute and a former editorial team member of the Deakin Review. She firmly believes that children's literature is an essential component in the fountain of youth.
Eh? to Zed by K. Major
Authors: Paterson Amy 
Published: April 2016

Major, Kevin. Eh? to Zed. Illus. Alan Daniel. Toronto: Red Deer Press. 2000. Print. Alphabetically-themed children’s books are far from a novel concept; however, when aided by inventive illustrations and a cleverly-chosen word selection, these books can be a welcome addition to any child’s library. Unfortunately, this is not the case for Kevin Major and Alan Daniel’s Eh? to Zed. Major attempts to distinguish his book from other Canada-themed alphabets by choosing a selection of obscure or little-known words. However, while words such as Rockies, poutine, and Gretzky should be of little trouble, Ogopogo, potlatch, Tuktoyaktuk, and kittiwake may be baffling to parents of all education levels, let alone their children for whom the book is ostensibly written. Major does provide brief explanations for his word choice at the end of the book, but given some of his selections, a pronunciation guide would also have been very helpful. Alan Daniel’s illustrations are unoriginal at best, but more often serve to obfuscate the already frustrating text. Each page highlights four words at the top with the illustrations jumbled together below. Considering the relative obscurity of many of Major’s word choices, Daniel’s overlapping illustrations make it even more difficult for the reader to match the word with its corresponding picture. The one proper use I can think of for this book would be for Canadian immigrants who are interested both in learning to read English and researching different facets of Canadian history. While matching words to pictures would still be a mind-numbing task, the words themselves and Major’s explanations might serve as a portal to learning more about Canadian culture. Additionally, Eh? to Zed makes a noticeable effort to highlight Canada’s multicultural nature, incorporating many aspects of French and Native culture. However, at times the book’s efforts at political correctness verge on the ridiculous, such as when the illustrated Mountie is depicted wearing a turban rather than traditional Stetson. While I may hesitantly recommend this book to adult immigrants, I would keep it far away from children. Not Recommended: 1 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Amy PatersonAmy Paterson is a Public Services Librarian at the University of Alberta’s H. T. Coutts Education Library. She was previously the Editor of the Dalhousie Journal of Interdisciplinary Management and is very happy to be involved in the Deakin Review and the delightful world of children’s literature.