bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Transmission Ratio Distortion at Hybrid Sterility Loci Within and Between Mimulus Species
Authors: Kerwin Rachel E , Sweigart Andrea L 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Hybrid incompatibilities are a common correlate of genomic divergence and a potentially important contributor to reproductive isolation. However, we do not yet have a detailed understanding of how hybrid incompatibility loci function and evolve within their native species, or why they are dysfunctional in hybrids. Here, we explore these issues for a well-studied, two-locus hybrid incompatibility between hybrid male sterility 1 (hms1) and hybrid male sterility 2 (hms2) in the closely related yellow monkeyflower species Mimulus guttatus and M. nasutus. By performing reciprocal backcrosses with introgression lines (ILs), we find evidence for gametic expression of the hms1-hms2 incompatibility. Surprisingly, however, hybrid transmission ratios at hms1 do not reflect this incompatibility, suggesting that additional mechanisms counteract the effects of gametic sterility. Indeed, our backcross experiment shows hybrid transmission bias toward M. guttatus through both pollen and ovules, an effect that is particularly strong when hms2 is homozygous for M. nasutus alleles. In contrast, we find little evidence for hms1 transmission bias in crosses within M. guttatus, providing no indication of selfish evolution at this locus. Although we do not yet have sufficient genetic resolution to determine if hybrid sterility and transmission ratio distortion (TRD) map to the same loci, our preliminary fine-mapping uncovers a genetically independent hybrid lethality system involving at least two loci linked to hms1. This fine-scale dissection of TRD at hms1 and hms2 provides insight into genomic differentiation between closely related Mimulus species and reveals multiple mechanisms of hybrid dysfunction.
Rapid Targeted Genomics in Critically Ill Newborns
Authors: van Diemen Cleo C. , Kerstjens-Frederikse Wilhelmina S. , Bergman Klasien A. , de Koning Tom J. , Sikkema-Raddatz Birgit , van der Velde Joeri K. , Abbott Kristin M. , Herkert Johanna C. , Löhner Katharina , Rump Patrick , Meems-Veldhuis Martine T. , Neerincx Pieter B.T. , Jongbloed Jan D.H. , van Ravenswaaij-Arts Conny M. , Swertz Morris A. , Sinke Richard J. , van Langen Irene M. , Wijmenga Cisca 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:Rapid diagnostic whole-genome sequencing has been explored in critically ill newborns, hoping to improve their clinical care and replace time-consuming and/or invasive diagnostic testing. A previous retrospective study in a research setting showed promising results with diagnoses in 57%, but patients were highly selected for known and likely Mendelian disorders. The aim of our prospective study was to assess the speed and yield of rapid targeted genomic diagnostics for clinical application.METHODS:We included 23 critically ill children younger than 12 months in ICUs over a period of 2 years. A quick diagnosis could not be made after routine clinical evaluation and diagnostics. Targeted analysis of 3426 known disease genes was performed by using whole-genome sequencing data. We measured diagnostic yield, turnaround times, and clinical consequences.RESULTS:A genetic diagnosis was obtained in 7 patients (30%), with a median turnaround time of 12 days (ranging from 5 to 23 days). We identified compound heterozygous mutations in the EPG5 gene (Vici syndrome), the RMND1 gene (combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-11), and the EIF2B5 gene (vanishing white matter), and homozygous mutations in the KLHL41 gene (nemaline myopathy), the GFER gene (progressive mitochondrial myopathy), and the GLB1 gene (GM1-gangliosidosis). In addition, a 1p36.33p36.32 microdeletion was detected in a child with cardiomyopathy.CONCLUSIONS:Rapid targeted genomics combined with copy number variant detection adds important value in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care setting. It led to a fast diagnosis in 30% of critically ill children for whom the routine clinical workup was unsuccessful.
A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Phase II Trial of Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel Plus Apatorsen or Placebo in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: The RAINIER Trial
Authors: Ko Andrew H. , Murphy Patrick B. , Peyton James D. , Shipley Dianna L. , Al-Hazzouri Ahmed , Rodriguez Francisco A. , Womack Mark S. , Xiong Henry Q. , Waterhouse David M. , Tempero Margaret A. , Guo Shuangli , Lane Cassie M. , Earwood Chris , DeBusk Laura M. , Bendell Johanna C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Lessons Learned
The addition of the heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27)-targeting antisense oligonucleotide, apatorsen, to a standard first-line chemotherapy regimen did not result in improved survival in unselected patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Findings from this trial hint at the possible prognostic and predictive value of serum Hsp27 that may warrant further investigation.

Background
This randomized, double-blinded, phase II trial evaluated the efficacy of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel plus either apatorsen, an antisense oligonucleotide targeting heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) mRNA, or placebo in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Methods
Patients were randomized 1:1 to Arm A (gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel plus apatorsen) or Arm B (gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel plus placebo). Treatment was administered in 28-day cycles, with restaging every 2 cycles, until progression or intolerable toxicity. Serum Hsp27 levels were analyzed at baseline and on treatment. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).

Results
One hundred thirty-two patients were enrolled, 66 per arm. Cytopenias and fatigue were the most frequent grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events for both arms. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and OS were 2.7 and 5.3 months, respectively, for arm A, and 3.8 and 6.9 months, respectively, for arm B. Objective response rate was 18% for both arms. Patients with high serum level of Hsp27 represented a poor-prognosis subgroup who may have derived modest benefit from addition of apatorsen.

Conclusion
Addition of apatorsen to chemotherapy does not improve outcomes in unselected patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer in the first-line setting, although a trend toward prolonged PFS and OS in patients with high baseline serum Hsp27 suggests this therapy may warrant further evaluation in this subgroup.
ESTRATEGIAS ADOPTADAS EN LA HISTORIA EMPRESARIAL DE DOS ORGANIZACIONES TOLIMENSES
Authors: Cujiño Ibarra Milena Johanna , Uribe Macías Mario Enrique 
Published: September 2017

El artículo se enmarcó en los campos de estudio: historia empresarial y estrategia. Su objetivo es analizar las principales estrategias que las empresas Velotax S.A. y Mercacentro adoptaron a lo largo de su historia y las incidencias que estas tuvieron. La investigación fue descriptiva mediante estudio de casos, método deductivo y aplicación de entrevistas semidirigidas al representante designado por cada gerencia. Las empresas fueron seleccionadas mediante consenso de panel. Las principales decisiones estratégicas de Velotax S.A. fueron: transformación en cooperativa, inversión de dos mil millones en vehículos, creación de tres sociedades anónimas para apalancar la empresa, remoción del señor Contreras del cargo de gerente y desarrollo de un proceso de preparación para la transición directiva. En Mercacentro: crecimiento y expansión como cadena regional de supermercados, creación de imagen y marca asociadas al concepto de región, creación de marca propia, incorporación de la familia en la administración de la empresa y diseño del protocolo de familia. Ambas empresas han estado sometidas en gran medida a la influencia del empresario (gerente), de quien se ha desprendido la formulación de la estrategia, la cual ha dependido de la época de creación y desarrollo, así como del ambiente competitivo en la industria dentro de la cual se desenvuelve cada empresa. ABSTRACTThe paper, Research kind, belonged to enterprises´ history and strategy study fields, its objective: analyze the main strategies the enterprises Velotax S.A. and Mercacentro adopted along their history and the incidences those had. Research was descriptive, by study of cases, deductive method, using semi-directed interviews to designated representative by every manager; the enterprises were selected by panel consensus. Some of main Velotax S.A. strategic decisions: its transformation into cooperative; investment of $2.000 million in vehicles; creation of three shareholder corporations in order to lever the enterprise; dismissal of post of manager Mr. Pedro Pablo Contreras; and develop of a preparation for managerial transition process in the enterprise. With regard to Mercacentro: growth and expansion, becoming a regional supermarket chain; creation of an image and brand associated to region concept; creation of its own-brand; family incorporation in the enterprise management; and the design of a family protocol. Both enterprises have been greatly subdued to entrepreneur (manager) influence, whose has made decision about strategy formulation; these strategies have depended of the creation and development epoch, as well as of competitive environment in the industry every enterprise belong.
The Effect of DynaCleft® on Cleft Width in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients
Authors: Vinson LaQuia 
Published: September 2017

Objective: The specific aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to assess the efficacy of DynaCleft® as a method of presurgical orthopedics with infants with a unilateral cleft lip and cleft palate who used an oral obturator. Study design: Data was collected from 25 infants all of comparable age diagnosed with a unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Eight patients used DynaCleft ® and an obturator (Group Alpha) and seventeen patients only had an obturator (Group Beta). Maxillary impression casts were obtained from each patient at the initial clinic visit and at the time of cleft lip repair. Differences in alveolar cleft width were compared between the two groups. Casts were measured twice by one observer using a digital caliper.
Results: Group Alpha began treatment on an average age of 24.25 days and Group Beta an average of 15.35 days of age. The average cleft width of Group Alpha was 8.13 mm and after treatment it was 4.59 mm. The average cleft width of Group Beta was 8.09 mm and 6.92 mm after treatment. Results of paired t-tests and two-sample t-test showed that cleft width changes between the two groups were significant (P = .03). Conclusions: DynaCleft ® significantly decreased the size of the alveolar cleft width compared to infants who did not use it. Providers should consider using DynaCleft® for patients who may not have access to infant maxillary orthopedics.
The Role of Genetic Factors in the Outbreak Mechanism of Dental Caries
Authors: Shimomura-Kuroki Junko , Nashida Tomoko , Miyagawa Yukio , Sekimoto Tsuneo 
Published: September 2017

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between cariogenic bacterial infection and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes associated with dental caries, and to explore the factors related to caries in children.Study design: Children aged 3 to 11 years were selected. Detection of cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sobrinus and Lactobacillus) from the plaque of each patient, and SNP analyses of five candidate genes (MBL2, TAS2R38, GLUT2, MMP13 and CA6) were performed using DNA isolated from buccal mucosal cells. The dental caries experience in primary and permanent teeth was determined using the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index, and the effects of the observed factors on the DMFT value were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Results: The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that the DMFT value significantly increased in the presence of S. mutans or S. sobrinus (p &lt; 0.001), while the dmft/DMFT value decreased in the presence of nucleobase C in MBL2 (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the MBL2 gene is related to the pathogenesis of dental caries.
Study of serum lipid profile in stroke patients in Northern India
Authors: Rai Onkar Nath , Kumar Amit 
Published: September 2017

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. This study was undertaken to establish the role of serum lipid profile in patients of stroke in Northern India.Methods: The study involved 100 patients of stroke who were admitted to B.R.D. medical college, Gorakhpur. The patients were classified as having ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke definitive on the basis of CT scan of head (plain and contrast). Lipid profile estimation was done.Results: Out of 100 patients 46 had hemorrhagic stroke and 54 had Ischemic stroke. Abnormal lipid values were found in 54 patients. Total cholesterol was abnormal in 83% of ischemic stroke and 17% of hemorrhagic stroke. LDL cholesterol was abnormal in 86% of ischemic stroke and 14% of hemorrhagic stroke.Conclusions: Regular monitor of lipid profile among stroke patients may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease among the stroke patients.
Study of clinical and radiological profile of pulmonary tuberculosis among patients having diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mohapatra Amrut Kumar , Singh Pratima , Subhankar Saswat 
Published: September 2017

Background: Onset of tuberculosis is high among diabetic mellitus patients in relation to non-diabetic patients. Due to weakened immune system there is a greater risk of tuberculosis seen among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. As a result, affected patients have difficulty in responding to any kind of treatment when compared to healthy individuals. The objective was to study the clinical and radiological profile of pulmonary tuberculosis among patients having diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: The study was conducted at the department of pulmonary medicine, in a tertiary health care centre in Eastern India. The study included smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients with diabetes mellitus and the patients who were smear positive for pulmonary tuberculosis (control group) who met the criteria to participate in the study after a thorough examination. Informed written consent was obtained from all patients before enrolment.Results: A total of 80 patients (15 to 65 years and above) were enrolled in the study with equal numbers being diagnosed with diabetes who had elevated blood sugar values (refer to Table 1). Classical clinical signs were totally correlated with radiography and 57.5% cases showed pulmonary lesions. Among the radiological findings, infiltration was most common in both groups, but more significant in PTB DM group (75 %) followed by cavity (52.5%) in PTB DM group.Conclusions: It can be concluded from the study that in diabetic patients the pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly different from non-diabetic patients. Pre-treatment bacillary load was high in diabetic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Bhuj district: a cross sectional study
Authors: Chauhan Vinayak , Buch Kashyap 
Published: September 2017

Background: In order to control any disease basic knowledge about the prevalence and risk factors of the particular disease is required.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2600 individuals aged between 25 and 70 years old were recruited. Participants were selected from the general population residing in Bhuj, Gujarat, India via simple random sampling. Demographic data were collected. Urine and blood test were performed, and the glomerular filtration rate was estimated.Results: One hundred and thirty participants (10%) had CKD. The mean age was significantly higher in the CKD group. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly more prevalent among the participants with CKD than those without CKD (P < 0.001 for both). Proteinuria was significantly associated with CKD, whereas a history of urinary tract infection, a history of nephrolithiasis, smoking, serum uric acid level, lipid profile, and blood glucose level were not.Conclusions: Overall, it seems that CKD is a common health problem in Gujarat, but further studies in other parts of this country is recommended for the better estimation of CKD prevalence. This study shows the importance of screening for CKD.
Utilization of MCP card for enrichment of knowledge on antenatal care by mothers attending immunization clinic: a hospital based cross-sectional study
Authors: Jena D. , Sabat S. , M. Tripathy R. , K. Mahapatra D. 
Published: September 2017

Background: MCP card has been developed as a tool for families to learn, understand and follow positive practices for achieving good health of antenatal mothers and children. It serves as informative tool with pictorial contents for enrichment of mother’s knowledge, which may be a determinant of their practice. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the perception among mothers about antenatal care from MCP card and to associate selected variables of interest with their knowledge. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 mothers attending immunization OPD of MKCG Medical College during June to August 2016. Data was obtained from them by pre-designed and pre-structured questionnaire. Results: 86% have read the MCP card and understood it. Among them 10% have understood it pictorially, 62% have understood it both pictorially and literally. It was found that higher education, multiparity, early pregnancy registration, were statistically significantly associated with adequate knowledge (p<0.05). About various aspects of antenatal care, 90% correctly stated that 2 injections of TT are given in pregnancy but only 12% could say that deworming is done after 3rd month of pregnancy. 86% correctly said bleeding as a danger sign but only 2% knew about pallor as a danger sign. 81% said contacting health worker as an arrangement for emergency labour but only 35% said that they would identify a hospital in advance. Conclusion: This can be utilized as a tool of health education for counseling during ANC visit at village level in the Anganwadis.
Chocolate consumption and its relation to risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mathew Anil C. , Kishan Somy , Joy Melvin , S. Darshan Manoj , A. Amirthvarshan , R. Senthil Kumar 
Published: September 2017

Background: There is a substantial interest in the potential role of chocolate consumption and its association with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to examine the association of consumption of chocolate with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A case control study was conducted at PSG Hospitals between 1st June 2017 and 1st July 2017. All those who had newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and attended Department of Endocrinology for follow-up visit were the cases and the relatives accompanying them without the history of diabetes were the controls. Chocolate consumption and other dietary factors were elicited. The mediating factors studied were age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), educational levels, smoking status, alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, potassium intake, magnesium intake and use of statins.Results: After adjusting the potential confounders, chocolate consumption was inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (p<0.05) with odds ratio of 0.564 (95% CI = 0.32 - 0.98).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that moderate consumption of chocolates (preferably 1 to 2) per week has a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Potential applications of this knowledge include recommendations by health care professionals to encourage individuals to consume a wide range of phytochemical rich foods include chocolates in moderate amounts. The results from our study also suggest that adjusting for mediating factors did not alter the results and hence other unknown factors may explain inverse relation between chocolate consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
24-hour urinary constituents in stone formers: a study from Kashmir
Authors: Raina Adnan Firdous , Bhat Mohd Ashraf , Wani Imtiyaz , Kawaja Majid , Saleem Mosin , Mudasir Syed , Saleem Sheikh Mohd 
Published: September 2017

Background: Urolithiasis is a common disorder. Studies have shown that metabolic causes of urolithiasis include hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, high or low pH of urine, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria and hypomagnesuria. We intended to conduct this study with the aim to provide historical data regarding the 24-hour urinary analysis in this part of India with a distinct and different geographical and cultural background.Methods: A total of 186 patients having urinary stone disease attending the departments of Nephrology and Urology in Sher-I- Kashmir institute of medical sciences were included. 26 healthy members of hospital staff were taken as controls. Demographic and clinico-pathological characteristics of each patient were recorded in a questionnaire. Urine was collected for 24-hours from 186 patients and 26 controls. 10ml sample of this urine collection was stored at 20c0 before processing for urinary parameters.Results: The mean concentration of calcium salts, Magnesium, Oxalate and Uric acid in the 24-hour urinary analysis of urolithiasis patients is higher than that of the normal healthy controls and the relation was statistically significant. On comparing the 24-hour urinary constituents among urolithiasis patients and health controls, the concentration of phosphate was almost equal in both cases and controls while the concentration of oxalate was much higher in cases than controls.Conclusions: In present study hypercalciuria is main cause of renal calculi along with hypocitraturia, hypomagnesuria and hyperphosphaturia in our valley. Measurement of 24-hour urine constituents is still gold standard for evaluation of stone formers.
Conhecimento e uso de indicadores educacionais no município do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Cerdeira Diana Gomes da Silva , Prado Ana Pires do , Rosistolato Rodrigo Pereira da Rocha , Tavares Mayara De Oliveira , Costa Marcio Da 
Published: September 2017

<p>O objetivo do artigo é descrever e analisar os resultados de uma pesquisa em que buscávamos saber se havia relação entre o conhecimento técnico sobre as avaliações em larga escala e o uso efetivo dos indicadores por elas produzidos. Articulamos abordagem qualitativa – grupos focais e observação sistemática no âmbito de um curso de formação para gestores escolares – e quantitativa – web survey realizado com diretores, vice-diretores e coordenadores pedagógicos de escolas da rede municipal de educação do Rio de Janeiro. Nosso principal argumento é que a ampliação do conhecimento sobre os sistemas de avaliação em larga escala tende a reduzir as resistências e permitir que as equipes de gestão escolar incorporem os dados como orientadores de suas ações práticas.</p><p> </p><p class="yiv2056712800msonormal"> </p>
Editorial
Authors: Santos Gildenir Carolino 
Published: September 2017

Esta é mais uma edição especial que a ETD – Educação Temática Digital – lançapara a sua apreciação! Desta vez, a contribuição vem de Sobral, Ceará. A temática abordada é sobre: “Juventude, Cultura, Diversidade e Subjetividade”, dossiê organizado pela professora e pesquisadora Andrea Abreu Astigarraga, da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú (UVA) e contará, com 3 (três) artigos, 3 (três) pesquisas e 1 (um) relato de experiência.
Editorial English
Authors: Santos Gildenir Carolino 
Published: September 2017

This is another special edition that ETD - Digital Thematic Education –launches for your appreciation! This time, the contribution comes from Sobral, Ceará State. The topic addressed is "Youth, Culture, Diversity and Subjectivity", dossier organized by the professor and researcher Andrea Abreu Astigarraga from State University of Acaraú Valley (UVA). It brings 3 (three) articles, (3) three researches and 1 (one) experience report.