bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of ferumoxytol on regulation of renal hemodynamics and oxygenation
Authors: Cantow Kathleen , Pohlmann Andreas , Flemming Bert , Ferrara Fabienne , Waiczies Sonia , Grosenick Dirk , Niendorf Thoralf , Seeliger Erdmann 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle ferumoxytol is increasingly used as intravascular contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study details the impact of ferumoxytol on regulation of renal hemodynamics and oxygenation. In 10 anesthetized rats, a single intravenous injection of isotonic saline (used as volume control) was followed by three consecutive injections of ferumoxytol to achieve cumulative doses of 6, 10 and 41 mg Fe/kg body mass. Arterial blood pressure, renal blood flow, renal cortical and medullary perfusion and oxygen tension were continuously measured. Regulation of renal hemodynamics and oxygenation was characterized by dedicated interventions: brief periods of suprarenal aortic occlusion, hypoxia and hyperoxia. None of the three doses of ferumoxytol resulted in significant changes in any of the measured parameters as compared to saline. Ferumoxytol did not significantly alter regulation of renal hemodynamics and oxygenation as studied by aortic occlusion and hypoxia. The only significant effect of ferumoxytol at the highest dose was a blunting of the hyperoxia-induced increase in arterial pressure. Taken together, ferumoxytol has only marginal effects on the regulation of renal hemodynamics and oxygenation. This makes ferumoxytol a prime candidate as contrast agent for renal MRI including the assessment of renal blood volume fraction.
Poly(amino carbonate urethane)-based biodegradable, temperature and pH-sensitive injectable hydrogels for sustained human growth hormone delivery
Authors: Phan V. H. Giang , Thambi Thavasyappan , Duong Huu Thuy Trang , Lee Doo Sung 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this study, a new pH-/temperature-sensitive, biocompatible, biodegradable, and injectable hydrogel based on poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(amino carbonate urethane) (PEG-PACU) copolymers has been developed for the sustained delivery of human growth hormone (hGH). In aqueous solutions, PEG-PACU-based copolymers existed as sols at low pH and temperature (pH 6.0, 23 °C), whereas they formed gels in the physiological condition (pH 7.4, 37 °C). The physicochemical characteristics, including gelation rate, mechanical strength and viscosity, of the PEG-PACU hydrogels could be finely tuned by varying the polymer weight, pH and temperature of the copolymer. An in vivo injectable study in the back of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats indicated that the copolymer could form an in situ gel, which exhibited a homogenous porous structure. In addition, an in vivo biodegradation study of the PEG-PACU hydrogels showed controlled degradation of the gel matrix without inflammation at the injection site and the surrounding tissue. The hGH-loaded PEG-PACU copolymer solution readily formed a hydrogel in SD rats, which subsequently inhibited the initial hGH burst and led to the sustained release of hGH. Overall, the PEG-PACU-based copolymers prepared in this study are expected to be useful biomaterials for the sustained delivery of hGH.
Global Tree Cover and Biomass Carbon on Agricultural Land: The contribution of agroforestry to global and national carbon budgets
Authors: Zomer Robert J. , Neufeldt Henry , Xu Jianchu , Ahrends Antje , Bossio Deborah , Trabucco Antonio , van Noordwijk Meine , Wang Mingcheng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAgroforestry systems and tree cover on agricultural land make an important contribution to climate change mitigation, but are not systematically accounted for in either global carbon budgets or national carbon accounting. This paper assesses the role of trees on agricultural land and their significance for carbon sequestration at a global level, along with recent change trends. Remote sensing data show that in 2010, 43% of all agricultural land globally had at least 10% tree cover and that this has increased by 2% over the previous ten years. Combining geographically and bioclimatically stratified Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 default estimates of carbon storage with this tree cover analysis, we estimated 45.3 PgC on agricultural land globally, with trees contributing >75%. Between 2000 and 2010 tree cover increased by 3.7%, resulting in an increase of >2 PgC (or 4.6%) of biomass carbon. On average, globally, biomass carbon increased from 20.4 to 21.4 tC ha−1. Regional and country-level variation in stocks and trends were mapped and tabulated globally, and for all countries. Brazil, Indonesia, China and India had the largest increases in biomass carbon stored on agricultural land, while Argentina, Myanmar, and Sierra Leone had the largest decreases.
A Superamphiphobic Sponge with Mechanical Durability and a Self-Cleaning Effect
Authors: Kim Daewon , Im Hwon , Kwak Moo Jin , Byun Eunkyoung , Im Sung Gap , Choi Yang-Kyu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA robust superamphiphobic sponge (SA-sponge) is proposed by using a single initiated chemical vapor deposition (i-CVD) process. Poly(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate) (PFDMA) is deposited on a commercial sponge by the polymerization of fluoroalkyl acrylates during the i-CVD process. This PFDMA is conformally coated onto both the exterior and interior of the sponge structure by a single step of the i-CVD process at nearly room temperature. Due to the inherent porous structure of the sponge and the hydrophobic property of the fluorine-based PFDMA, the demonstrated SA-sponge shows not only superhydrophobicity but also superoleophobicity. Furthermore, the fabricated SA-sponge is robust with regard to physical and chemical damage. The fabricated SA-sponge can be utilized for multi-purpose applications such as gas-permeable liquid separators.
Label-Free Detection of Single Living Bacteria via Electrochemical Collision Event
Authors: Lee Ji Young , Kim Byung-Kwon , Kang Mijeong , Park Jun Hui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe detected single living bacterial cells on ultramicroelectrode (UME) using a single-particle collision method and optical microscopic methods. The number of collision events involving the bacterial cells indicated in current-time (i-t) curves corresponds to the number of bacterial cells (i.e., Escherichia coli) on the UME surface, as observed visually. Simulations were performed to determine the theoretical current response (75 pA) and frequency (0.47 pM−1 s−1) of single Escherichia coli collisions. The experimental current response (83 pA) and frequency (0.26 pM−1 s−1) were on the same order of magnitude as the theoretical values. This single-particle collision approach facilitates detecting living bacteria and determining their concentration in solution and could be widely applied to studying other bacteria and biomolecules.
The transcription factor SKN7 regulates conidiation, thermotolerance, apoptotic-like cell death and parasitism in the nematode endoparasitic fungus Hirsutella minnesotensis
Authors: Hussain Muzammil , Hamid M. Imran , Wang Niuniu , Bin Lin , Xiang Meichun , Liu Xingzhong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe transcription factor SKN7 is a highly conserved protein among fungi and was initially recognized as a response regulator that protects cells from oxidative stress and maintains cell wall integrity in yeast. Orthologs of SKN7 are extensively present in biocontrol agents of plant pathogens, but they had not been functionally characterized. Here, we identified and characterized the transcription factor SKN7 in the nematode endoparasitic fungus Hirsutella minnesotensis. Null mutant lacking HIM-SKN7 (HIM_03620), which was generated by a gene disruption strategy, demonstrated reduced conidiation, increased sensitivity to high temperature, hydrogen peroxide, mannitol and ethanol, and reduced fungal resistance to farnesol. However, over-expression mutant showed increased conidial production, thermotolerance and resistance to farnesol, suggesting that HIM-SKN7 regulates antiapoptotic-like cell death in H. minnesotensis. Moreover, the results showed that in null mutant, H. minnesotensis had decreased endoparasitic ability as compared to wild type and over-expression strain. During the infection process, the relative expression of the HIM-SKN7 gene was significantly induced in the wild type and over-expression strain. The results of the present study advance our understanding of the functions of the SKN7 gene in biocontrol agents, in particular, nematode endoparasitic fungi.
Genomic content typifying a prevalent clade of bovine mastitis-associated Escherichia coli
Authors: Goldstone Robert J. , Harris Susan , Smith David G. E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractE. coli represents a heterogeneous population with capabilities to cause disease in several anatomical sites. Among sites that can be colonised is the bovine mammary gland (udder) and a distinct class of mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) has been proposed. MPEC are the principle causative agents of bovine mastitis in well-managed dairy farms, costing producers in the European Union an estimated €2 billion per year. Despite the economic impact, and the threat this disease presents to small and medium sized dairy farmers, the factors which mediate the ability for E. coli to thrive in bovine mammary tissue remain poorly elucidated. Strains belonging to E. coli phylogroup A are most frequently isolated from mastitis. In this paper, we apply a population level genomic analysis to this group of E. coli to uncover genomic signatures of mammary infectivity. Through a robust statistical analysis, we show that not all strains of E. coli are equally likely to cause mastitis, and those that do possess specific gene content that may promote their adaptation and survival in the bovine udder. Through a pan-genomic analysis, we identify just three genetic loci which are ubiquitous in MPEC, but appear dispensable for E. coli from other niches.
Chronic effects of temperature on mortality in the Southeastern USA using satellite-based exposure metrics
Authors: Shi Liuhua , Liu Pengfei , Wang Yan , Zanobetti Antonella , Kosheleva Anna , Koutrakis Petros , Schwartz Joel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractClimate change may affect human health, particularly for elderly individuals who are vulnerable to temperature changes. While many studies have investigated the acute effects of heat, only a few have dealt with the chronic ones. We have examined the effects of seasonal temperatures on survival of the elderly in the Southeastern USA, where a large fraction of subpopulation resides. We found that both seasonal mean temperature and its standard deviation (SD) affected long-term survival among the 13 million Medicare beneficiaries (aged 65+) in this region during 2000–2013. A 1 °C increase in summer mean temperature corresponded to an increase of 2.5% in death rate. Whereas, 1 °C increase in winter mean temperature was associated with a decrease of 1.5%. Increases in seasonal temperature SD also influence mortality. We decomposed seasonal mean temperature and its temperature SD into long-term geographic contrasts between ZIP codes and annual anomalies within ZIP code. Effect modifications by different subgroups were also examined to find out whether certain individuals are more vulnerable. Our findings will be critical to future efforts assessing health risks related to the future climate change.
SLM localised SC‐FDMA performance evaluation based on 30 GHz channel measurement for 5G
Authors: Khelil A. , Slimani D. , Talbi L. , LeBel J. 
Published: July 2016

A performance evaluation of selective mapping localised single carrier frequency division multiple access technique (SLM LSC‐FDMA) is presented over channel measured at 30 GHz. These measurements were taken between three buildings under non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) for a propagation path length of 183 m. Simulation results present a peak‐to‐average power ratio gain of 3.78 dB for the proposed scheme over localised orthogonal frequency division multiple access system and an acceptable bit error rate with and without high power amplifier compared with LSC‐FDMA. These results show an improvement of the transmission efficiency under NLOS outdoor scenario at 30 GHz. Hence, these results suggest the use of SLM LSC‐FDMA wave form for fifth generation mobile communication at 30 GHz.
Extending experiences of voluntary action by association
Authors: Khalighinejad Nima , Haggard Patrick 
Published: July 2016

Significance
In everyday life, people feel in control of their voluntary actions and their outcomes. This “sense of agency” could reflect hard-wired brain signals for volition, or could be acquired by repeated association between a goal-directed action and another event. By pairing voluntary actions of one hand with involuntary movements of the other hand, we showed that key aspects of agency experience can transfer from voluntary to involuntary movements. Our results explain why one can feel fully in control of one’s actions even when they are performed automatically, without focal conscious attention. We suggest that sense of agency depends on a metacognitive signal that is relatively nonspecific. Our findings could guide acquisition of voluntary control using neuroprosthetics and brain–machine interfaces.
Saturation scanning of ubiquitin variants reveals a common hot spot for binding to USP2 and USP21
Authors: Leung Isabel , Dekel Ayelet , Shifman Julia M. , Sidhu Sachdev S. 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Although ubiquitin (Ub) interactions are essential to cell physiology, there is a paucity of functional data on how Ub recognizes the diverse enzymes in the Ub proteasome system. We subjected two high-affinity Ub variants (Ubvs) to saturation scanning analysis to obtain comprehensive information on how they interact with Ub-specific proteases (USPs). Our data reveal the molecular details of how individual Ubv side chains mediate weak but specific interactions with these proteases. We find that the enzymes are recognized by similar functional epitopes on the Ubvs, and that these epitopes interact with a region that is conserved across the human USP family, suggesting that Ub may interact with many USPs by using a common core functional epitope.
Are the surface Fermi arcs in Dirac semimetals topologically protected?
Authors: Kargarian Mehdi , Randeria Mohit , Lu Yuan-Ming 
Published: July 2016

Significance
In recent years there has been a surge of interest in quantum materials with topologically protected properties that are robust against the effects of disorder and other perturbations. An interesting example is the newly discovered three-dimensional analog of graphene, called Dirac semimetals. These were expected to have highly unusual conducting states on their surfaces. We show here that the surface states of Dirac semimetals do not exhibit the expected topological robustness and, quite generally, get deformed into states that are of a rather different character. Our theoretical results not only have conceptual importance in the field of topological quantum materials but also make clear predictions that can be tested in several experiments.
Humans are sensitive to attention control when predicting others’ actions
Authors: Pesquita Ana , Chapman Craig S. , Enns James T. 
Published: July 2016

Significance
This study documents that human social understanding involves not only knowing where someone else is attending, but also sensitivity to how the other’s attention has been directed. The experiments reveal that humans are sensitive to subtle differences in bodily cues that occur when someone else’s attention is controlled by an internal choice vs. an external signal. This finding brings William James’ longstanding distinction between reflexive and voluntary attention squarely into the realm of a modern topic: reading others’ minds through action observation.
A Pitfall with PIT Tags: Reduced Detection Efficiency of Half-Duplex Passive Integrated Transponders in Groups of Marked Fish
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Löb Christian , Schreiber Benjamin , Schulz Ralf 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We quantified the loss of detection efficiency of passive integrated transponders as a function of group size in groups of marked fish and dummies for two different single half-duplex (HDX) antenna systems in the lab and in the field. Video cameras were used to determine group size, and detection efficiencies were calculated from the number of tags successfully detected. We used Cyprinidae species tagged with 12-mm tags in the lab and dummies containing 12- and 23-mm tags (separately and combined) in the field. Detection efficiencies decreased sharply with increasing group size, independently of experimental conditions. With three tags passing as a group, estimated detection efficiencies were as much as 85%. For groups of 15 tags, the detection efficiency was as low as 16%. Using different sized tags together revealed that the presence of larger tags can reduce the detection efficiency for smaller tags to values close to zero (3%). We conclude that the detection efficiency of HDX antennas are reduced when two or more tags appear simultaneously. This potential reduction of detection efficiency has to be considered carefully in experimental design.
Received January 14, 2016; accepted March 29, 2016 Published online July 20, 2016
Epistemological lacunae in conceptualising political structure: a solution from field theory
Authors: Singh Sourabh 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Three schools of thought – focusing on the party system, political elite networks, and political institutions, respectively – have dominated previous discussions of political structure. In this article, I show that these perspectives share the common weakness of failing to take into account political actors’ points of view on the meaning of politics, making them incapable of explaining the reproduction or the transformation of political structures. The main epistemological insight of Bourdieu’s field theory is that the notion of social structure must be developed by taking into account the viewpoint of field actors competing with each other to define the true meaning of membership in their field. I argue that adopting this insight in the study of politics makes it possible to simultaneously account for both the everyday reproduction of political structure and the potential for its radical transformation.
Empowered individualism in world culture: Agency and equality in Canadian textbooks, 1871–2006
Authors: Bromley Patricia 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The sacred status of individuals is a central pillar of world culture in research on education and beyond. The intended socialisation of students is increasingly to become empowered individuals who respect human equality and diversity in a globally interconnected world. At the same time we have little understanding of what exactly the concept of individual empowerment means or how to capture it empirically. This study builds on prior observations about the growing status of individuals by delineating the rise of two separate but related dimensions of empowerment – agency and equality – and outlining the rise of these dimensions in the Canadian educational context. To this end, it draws on a unique dataset consisting of a systematically designed coding of 80 history, civics, and social studies textbooks used in Canada from 1871 to 2006. Refining the concept of individual empowerment reveals that its manifestations are shaped by the local context, in addition to the influences that come from world culture. Overall, increasingly empowered individuals and the structures they create (often organisations and associations of various types) become key actors in national and international society. Looking to the future, if taken to an extreme, expansions in individual empowerment may lead to instances of ‘hyper-empowerment’, where depictions and enactments of individual choice, control, and equality far outpace reasonable expectations.
PReFerSim: fast simulation of demography and selection under the Poisson Random Field model
Authors: Ortega-Del Vecchyo Diego , Marsden Clare D. , Lohmueller Kirk E. 
Published: July 2016

Summary: The Poisson Random Field (PRF) model has become an important tool in population genetics to study weakly deleterious genetic variation under complicated demographic scenarios. Currently, there are no freely available software applications that allow simulation of genetic variation data under this model. Here we present PReFerSim, an ANSI C program that performs forward simulations under the PRF model. PReFerSim models changes in population size, arbitrary amounts of inbreeding, dominance and distributions of selective effects. Users can track summaries of genetic variation over time and output trajectories of selected alleles.
Availability and Implementation: PReFerSim is freely available at: https://github.com/LohmuellerLab/PReFerSim
Contact: klohmueller@ucla.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The unseen planets of double belt debris disc systems
Authors: Shannon Andrew , Bonsor Amy , Kral Quentin , Matthews Elisabeth 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The gap between two component debris discs is often taken to be carved by intervening planets scattering away the remnant planetesimals. We employ N-body simulations to determine how the time needed to clear the gap depends on the location of the gap and the mass of the planets. We invert this relation, and provide an equation for the minimum planet mass, and another for the expected number of such planets, that must be present to produce an observed gap for a star of a given age. We show how this can be combined with upper limits on the planetary system from direct imaging non-detections (such as with GPI or SPHERE) to produce approximate knowledge of the planetary system.
The Short-term Impact of Unconditional Cash Transfers to the Poor: Experimental
Evidence from Kenya*
Authors: Haushofer Johannes , Shapiro Jeremy 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We use a randomized controlled trial to study the response of poor households in rural Kenya to unconditional cash transfers from the NGO GiveDirectly. The transfers differ from other programs in that they are explicitly unconditional, large, and concentrated in time. We randomized at both the village and household levels; furthermore, within the treatment group, we randomized recipient gender (wife versus husband), transfer timing (lump-sum transfer versus monthly installments), and transfer magnitude (US$404 PPP versus US$1,525 PPP). We find a strong consumption response to transfers, with an increase in household monthly consumption from $158 PPP to $193 PPP nine months after the transfer began. Transfer recipients experience large increases in psychological well-being. We find no overall effect on levels of the stress hormone cortisol, although there are differences across some subgroups. Monthly transfers are more likely than lump-sum transfers to improve food security, whereas lump-sum transfers are more likely to be spent on durables, suggesting that households face savings and credit constraints. Together, these results suggest that unconditional cash transfers have significant impacts on economic outcomes and psychological well-being.