bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent Annulations of 5,6‐Dihydro‐4H‐1,2‐Oxazine N‐Oxides and Enol Diazoacetates for the Switchable Chemoselective Synthesis of Fused 1,2‐Oxazine Derivatives
Authors: Ostarkov Stepan N. , Lichtenstein Yana I. , Antonova Yulia A. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Lesnikov Vladislav K. , Tabolin Andrey A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReactions of 5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐1,2‐oxazine N‐oxides with enol diazoacetates were studied. A particular reaction path depends on the amount of catalyst and the order of the addition of the substrates. Use of Rh2(Oct)4 (2 mol.%) leads to chemoselective [3+3]‐annulation producing 1,2‐oxazine‐fused 1,2‐oxazine derivatives. With lower catalyst loadings (0.03 mol.%) enol diazoacetates are converted to cyclopropene derivatives, which in situ react with 1,2‐oxazine N‐oxides via tandem [3+2]‐cycloaddition‐rearrangement producing oxazine‐fused aziridines. Both transformations showed a wide substrate scope and produced target products with good yields and diastereoselectivity, thus allowing selective preparation of these rare heterocyclic systems. A mechanistic rationale for observed chemo‐ and stereo‐ selectivities was proposed.
Toward a systemic approach to evaluating evaluation capacity development
Authors: Williams Bob , Matt Elah , Klier Sarah , Chaplowe Scott G. , Korswagen Stefanie I. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, we contribute to evaluation capacity development (ECD) research and practice by demonstrating how a systems‐based evaluation approach can be applied to a complex ECD initiative. Since 2013, the German evaluation institute, DEval, has implemented an ECD program focused on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). This is a diverse, emergent program developed using a bottom‐up approach. DEval takes a facilitating rather than managerial role, supporting ECD among a range of stakeholders. The article discusses several issues related to evaluating this complex ECD program. The evaluation viewed the program as a system comprising two sub‐systems: one focused on improving the knowledge and skills of evaluators and stakeholders (capacity), and the other focused on fostering an enabling evaluation environment (capability). It drew on an evaluation tradition primarily focused on the consequences of evaluations. A focus on the consequences of evaluations is essentially one step beyond evaluation use (an instrumental orientation) toward usefulness (a value‐based orientation). The evaluation adopted a systemic approach to define the core boundaries of evaluation focus, acknowledging that various stakeholders perceive the evaluation differently based on their interests or stake. By aligning the evaluation with these perspectives, it could focus on what matters most to different stakeholder groups. Four key perspectives or framings were identified: the program itself, the transferability of the LAC lessons to ECD in other parts of the world, collaborations with global agencies undertaking ECD at a global level, and institutional practices within DEval.
Flavor compound geraniol induces inhibited nutrient utilization and developmental toxicity on embryonic–larval zebrafish
Authors: Luo Yumin , Han Run , Ren Zhengyu , Ai Nana , Yu Shaowen , Lee Simon Ming‐Yuen , Ge Wei , Chen Ying , Zheng Ying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFlavors are widely utilized in the food and oral pharmaceutical industry, particularly in products for children, to enhance palatability and promote ingestion willingness. The complex compositions of flavors potentially induce severer toxicity especially in children. In this study, zebrafish embryos are applied for toxicity screening of flavor and its compounds by immersing in flavor solutions followed by the assessment of morphology of zebrafish larvae. Geraniol is identified as the prominent toxic compound and is considered highly toxic to zebrafish embryo. In further toxicology study, geraniol demonstrates the concentration‐dependent developmental toxicity as the obvious reduction of body and eye lengths, as well as the increased prevalence of tail deformities, pericardial edema, and spine deformation. Zebrafish larvae treated with geraniol exhibit reduction in liver area and exocrine pancreas length, increase in yolk sac area, as well as elevation of triglycerides and total cholesterol, which indicate the inhibited nutrient utilization. Transcriptome analysis reveals that under geraniol treatment, 248 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are downregulated, whereas 23 DEGs are upregulated, and 110 DEGs are related to metabolic process. Biological processes of lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, protein hydrolysis, and transmembrane transport, including their involved functional genes, are all downregulated. These findings reveal the developmental toxicity of geraniol by affecting the nutrient utilization‐related organs development and biological processes. This study establishes an efficient screening model for identifying toxic flavor compounds during developing stages, thereby elucidating the potential safety risks of geraniol exposure in zebrafish and providing a comprehensive understanding of its potential toxicity mechanism.
Impact of mentalization, identity diffusion and psychopathology on nonsuicidal self‐injury among adolescents
Authors: Menderes Ayşe Selma Yenen , Çuhadaroğlu Füsun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionNonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) has become a major public health issue in adolescents. This cross‐sectional case‐controlled study aims to assess the impact of identity diffusion, psychopathology, and mentalization on NSSI in adolescence.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 153 adolescents (76.5% girls; Mage = 15.6 years). The sample included 56 clinical cases of NSSI, 45 psychiatric cases without NSSI, and 52 healthy controls, all recruited in Ankara, Türkiye, from June 1, 2022, to August 31, 2022. Mentalization was assessed by “The Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition” (MASC) which categorizes mentalizing as “correct mentalizing” “hypermentalizing” “undermentalizing” and “no‐mentalizing”. All participants filled in the Self‐Injurious Behavior Screening Questionnaire, Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence (AIDA), and Youth Self Report (YSR), and Inventory of Statements About Self‐injury (ISAS).ResultsThe NSSI group showed lower mentalizing capacity than the healthy control group (p = .011), and more no‐mentalizing errors than the other two groups (p = .014). Identity diffusion scores were higher in the NSSI group than in the other two groups (p < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of maternal psychiatric disorder (p = .019, OR = 5.21), identity diffusion (p = .007, OR = 1.02), no mentalizing (p = .049, OR = 1.28), and total psychopathology symptoms (p = .009, OR = 1.12) had a significant impact on NSSI.ConclusionsCurrent findings suggest that transdiagnostic approaches, including mentalization and identity diffusion, may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of NSSI and to the development of clinical interventions.
SRSF1 Is Crucial for Maintaining Satellite Cell Homeostasis During Skeletal Muscle Growth and Regeneration
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Peng Qian , Zhang Zhige , You Xue , Duan Huimin , Sha Rula , Yuan Ningyang , Li Zhigang , Xie Zhiqin , Han Jun , Feng Ying 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe splicing factor SRSF1 emerges as a mater regulator of cell proliferation, displaying high expression in actively proliferative satellite cells (SCs). In SRSF1 knockout mice (KO) generated via MyoD‐Cre, early mortality and muscle atrophy are observed during postnatal muscle growth. Despite these findings, the precise mechanisms through which SRSF1 loss influences SCs' functions and its role in muscle regeneration remain to be elucidated.MethodsTo unravel the exact mechanisms underlying the impact of SRSF1 deficiency SC functions, we employed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) on a mononuclear cell suspension isolated from the newborn diaphragm of KO and control mice. Concurrently, we subjected diaphragm muscles to RNA‐seq analysis to identify dysregulated splicing events associated with SRSF1 deletion. For the analysis of the effect of SRSF1 deletion on muscle regeneration, we generated mice with inducible SC‐specific Srsf1 ablation through Pax7‐CreER. SRSF1 ablation was induced by intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen. Using cardiotoxin‐induced muscle injury, we examined the consequences of SRSF1 depletion on SC function through HE staining, immunostaining and EdU incorporation assay. C2C12 myoblasts and isolated myoblasts were employed to assess stem cell function and senescence.ResultsUtilizing scRNA‐seq analysis, we observed a noteworthy increase in activated and proliferating myoblasts when SRSF1 was absent. This increase was substantial, with the proportion rising from 28.68% in the control group to 77.06% in the knockout group. However, these myoblasts experienced mitotic abnormalities in the absence of SRSF1, resulting in cell cycle arrest and the onset of cellular senescence. In the knockout mice, the proportion of Pax7+ cells within improper niche positioning increased significantly to 25% compared to 12% in the control cells (n ≥ 10, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was an observation of persistent cell cycle exit specifically in the Pax7+ cells deficient in SRSF1 (n = 6, p < 0.001). SRSF1 plays a pivotal role in regulating the splicing of Fgfr1op2, favouring the full‐length isoform crucial for mitotic spindle organization. Disrupting SRSF1 in C2C12 and primary myoblasts results in multipolar spindle formation (p < 0.001) and dysregulated splicing of Fgfr1op2 and triggers cellular senescence. Consequently, adult SCs lacking SRSF1 initially activate upon injury but face substantial challenge in proliferation (n = 4, p < 0.001), leading to a failure in muscle regeneration.ConclusionsSRSF1 plays a critical role in SCs by ensuring proper splicing, maintaining mitotic progression and preventing premature senescence. These findings underscore the significant role of SRSF1 in controlling SC proliferation during skeletal muscle growth and regeneration.
Macroscopic and microscopic investigations of determining elasto‐mechanical properties of limequat fruit
Authors: Vatani Sanaz , Abbaspour‐Fard Mohammad Hossein , Khodabakhshian Rasool 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGiven the paramount importance of agricultural products in global health and food security, and the increasing consumer demand, understanding the mechanical behavior of these materials under various conditions is necessary yet challenging. Due to their heterogeneous and non‐uniform nature, determining their mechanical behavior is complex. This study employs atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine the modulus of elasticity of limequat fruit at the microscopic scale and compares it with macroscopic methods. The analyses revealed a statistically significant difference (at the 1% level) in the mechanical behavior determined at the macroscopic scale. The highest modulus of elasticity, 0.752 MPa, was observed using Hertz's theory under complete placement between two parallel planes. The lowest, 0.059 MPa, was noted when a spherical probe compressed a rectangular sample. The average modulus of elasticity of the limequat peel was 2.007 MPa. At the microscopic scale, the modulus of elasticity of the fruit tissue ranged from 0.370 to 0.365 MPa, and for the peel, it was 0.246 MPa.Research Highlights

Working principles of this innovative technique were elaborated.
The AFM technique used provide elasto‐mechanical properties determination of cell walls of single living cells extracted from biological materials on the nanoscale.
By combining AFM topographical image and nano‐indentation of living fruit cells it will be possible to investigate cells' elasto‐mechanical properties.
Atomic force microscopy holds great potential for monitoring fruit mechanical properties of biological materials.
Impact of anisotropic conduction and premature atrial contraction on the fractionated atrial potentials
Authors: Toyama Hideko , Kumagai Koichiro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundFractionated atrial potential (FAP) during sinus rhythm (SR) may be a new target for ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the effects of the direction of activation and premature atrial contraction (PAC) on FAP is unknown. Therefore, we examined the impact of anisotropic conduction and PAC on the distribution and areas of FAP.MethodsFAP map in the left atrium was created in 40 patients with AF before ablation. The distribution and areas of FAP were compared during SR, distal coronary sinus (CS) pacing (S1) and extrastimulus (S2), and paced PAC after SR. FAP was defined as a potential with four or more fragmented deflections.ResultsFAPs during SR were found in the right and mid‐anterior walls and septum in most patients. During S1 compared to SR, FAPs significantly decreased in the right and mid‐anterior walls, appendage, septum, and right inferior wall, while significantly increased in the lateral wall. During S2 compared to S1, FAPs significantly increased in the mid anterior and right and mid posterior walls. During PAC compared to SR, FAPs significantly decreased in the right and mid anterior walls and roof, while significantly increased in the left anterior, left inferior and lateral walls. A rotational activation pattern at the FAP area during CS pacing was observed in 12 patients (30%), mostly in the left inferior wall.ConclusionsThe distribution and areas of FAP vary with anisotropic conduction and extrastimulus. Therefore, FAP should be evaluated not only during SR but also during extrastimulus from the distal CS.
Tropical cyclone landfalls in the Northwest Pacific under global warming
Authors: Kim So‐Hee , Ahn Joong‐Bae 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study projects the changes in tropical cyclone (TC) landfalls in the western North Pacific under shared socioeconomic pathway (SSPs) scenarios during the TC peak season by using low‐resolution global climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). Projections are based on the relationship between mid‐ and lower‐level atmospheric circulation and TC landfall frequency during the historical period from 1985 to 2014 and the future climate period from 2015 to 2100. The landfall areas for TCs are divided into northern East Asia (NEA), middle East Asia (MEA) and southern East Asia (SEA); the TC peak seasons are July–September for NEA and MEA, and July–November for SEA. To evaluate reproducibility, both ensemble and individual model outputs for mid‐ and lower‐level atmospheric circulations associated with TC landfall in each East Asian subregion are compared to the reanalysis. An ensemble of seven models with stable results for all three regions is more reasonable in simulating atmospheric circulation patterns than an ensemble of all CMIP6 models. The findings suggest that TC landfall is projected to increase by about 12% and 32% in NEA and MEA, respectively, in the late 21st century under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario compared to the historical period, while decreasing by 13% in SEA. These changes are consistent under both warming scenarios, and are more pronounced in the SSP5‐8.5 scenario compared to SSP1‐2.6, particularly in the later period of this century. An analysis of future atmospheric circulations suggests that global warming will weaken the western North Pacific subtropical high and cause its boundary to retreat eastward. This will lead to changes in the steering flow, which is closely related to TC tracks, resulting in TC landfalls to increase or decrease depending on the East Asian subregion.
Evaluating quality reward and other interventions to mitigate US drug shortages
Authors: Naumov Sergey , Noh In Joon , Zhao Hui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDrug shortages have been persistent in the United States for over a decade, posing serious threats to public health and the healthcare system. While previous research has investigated the causes and effects of drug shortages, there is a dearth of research exploring potential solutions to mitigate this problem. Using a system dynamics model of the US generic drug market, we evaluate the long‐term effectiveness of two existing policy interventions (expediting drug approvals and nudging manufacturers to ramp up their production) and the “quality reward” initiative that is being actively explored by the FDA and industry. Our results indicate that while the existing interventions can be helpful in addressing shortages, their long‐term effect seems limited. In contrast, quality reward can mitigate drug shortages in a sustainable way. However, a caveat of quality reward is the potential emergence of a monopolistic supply market with negative consequences. We suggest that a carefully designed quality disclosure mechanism can address this issue. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to quantitatively and comparatively evaluate the long‐term effectiveness of quality reward and other interventions on drug shortages and provide structural explanations for their performance.
Development and evaluation of an online training tool to aid in the diagnosis of chronic plaque psoriasis
Authors: Abo‐Tabik Maha , Parisi Rosa , Hann Mark , Tucker Rod , Willis Sarah , Ashcroft Darren M. , Griffiths Christopher E. M. ,   the Global Psoriasis Atlas (GPA)
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic plaque psoriasis (CPP) is underdiagnosed, undertreated and mistaken for other skin conditions such as eczema, tinea corporis and pityriasis rosea.ObjectivesTo develop and evaluate an online training tool to improve the diagnostic skills of nondermatologists for CPP.MethodsThe study involved: (i) developing an online training tool to improve CPP diagnosis by nondermatologists; and (ii) evaluating the performance of the newly developed training tool by conducting a before‐and‐after exploratory investigation. Participants included three groups of primary care health professionals: general practitioners (GPs); nurses; and pharmacists. The tool contained written recommendations for the diagnosis of CPP in different skin colours and a medical artist's illustrations of psoriasis to overcome the lack of representative images of the disease in skin of colour and to illustrate the salient features more clearly than clinical photographs.ResultsIn total, 60 participants completed the study (20 per participant group). The training tool improved participants' diagnostic skills for CPP. The diagnostic ability of GPs was, on average, higher than nurses and pharmacists before and after training. Participants found the training valuable and relevant to CPP diagnosis in primary care settings.ConclusionsOur findings show that a training tool, using medical illustrations, for nondermatologists can be beneficial in terms of recognition of CPP. This may lead to more timely diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis and support relevant and faster referral to specialist dermatology clinics.
Global solvability and hypoellipticity for evolution operators on tori and spheres
Authors: Kirilov Alexandre , Kowacs André Pedroso , de Moraes Wagner Augusto Almeida 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate global properties of a class of evolution differential operators defined on a product of tori and spheres. We present a comprehensive characterization of global solvability and hypoellipticity, providing necessary and sufficient conditions that involve Diophantine conditions and the connectedness of sublevel sets associated with the coefficients of the operator. Furthermore, we recover well‐known results from existing literature and introduce novel contributions.
Design, construction, and use of a tapered‐spiral, quadrature 1H/23Na double‐tuned coil for in ovo MRI at 7 T
Authors: Choi Chang‐Hoon , Hong Suk‐Min , Felder Jörg , Bruch Maximilian , Worthoff Wieland A. , Krause Sandra , Shah N. Jon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn ovo MR presents a promising and viable alternative to traditional in vivo small animal experiments. Sodium MRI complements proton MRI by providing potential access to tissue cellular metabolism. Despite its abundance, sodium MRI is challenged by lower MR sensitivity and faster relaxation times compared to proton MRI. Ensuring a high signal‐to‐noise ratio and effective B0 shimming is essential. Double‐tuned coils combining 23Na and 1H are frequently employed to achieve structural imaging and efficient shim adjustment.PurposeThis study introduces a novel, highly optimized, double‐tuned coil design, specifically for MR scans of chick embryos.MethodsA tapered‐spiral, double‐tuned coil was designed and constructed following careful consideration of design parameters. The performance of the coil was rigorously assessed through bench tests, and final validation was conducted on a 7 T MRI scanner using a chick embryo.ResultsBench tests demonstrated that the return losses for both 1H and 23Na coils were better than − 30 dB, and isolation factors were better than − 21 dB, indicating that the double‐tuned coil was well‐set, with negligible coupling between channels. MR images of chick embryos, obtained using the coil, validated the feasibility of utilizing the design concept for in ovo applications.ConclusionsThe innovative design of the proposed double‐tuned coil, characterized by its unique arrangement, offers improved performance. This design has the potential to significantly enhance the quality of in ovo 1H and 23Na measurements.
Multi‐criteria hydraulic turbine optimization using a genetic algorithm and trust‐region postprocessing
Authors: Rentschler Tobias , Berkemeier Manuel Bastian , Fraas Stefan , Tismer Alexander , Raj Rohit , Peitz Sebastian , Riedelbauch Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA two‐stage, multi‐objective optimization approach is proposed to improve the overall efficiency of the time‐consuming and computationally expensive optimization process for hydraulic turbines. The purpose is to optimize the shape of the turbine blades, designed using 30 parameters, in order to maximize its efficiency and minimize both the cavitation volume and the deviation between the desired and the calculated design head. In the first step of the routine, the genetic algorithm “Non‐Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA‐II)” is used to generate an initial approximation of the Pareto front that covers a wide variety of possible solutions, that is, optimal trade‐offs between the conflicting objectives. Subsequently, to ensure convergence, the trust region optimizer “Constrained Multiobjective Problem Optimizer with Model Information to Save Evaluations (CoMPrOMISE)” is used, which is initialized with individuals selected from the Pareto set generated by the genetic algorithm.