bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Autofluorescence Imaging as an Adjunctive Technique for Examination and Detection of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Awan Kamran Habib 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Oral cancer is a serious global issue and early diagnosis of oral cancer is the key in reducing the high mortality rate. Autofluorescence properties of oral mucosa have been gaining interest in the field of early diagnosis of oral premalignant lesions.

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of an autofluorescence based imaging system to detect oral premalignant and malignant lesions.

Materials and methods
A systematic review of the Englishlanguage literature to evaluate the effectiveness of visually enhanced lesion scope (VELscope) published between 1966 and March, 2014 was undertaken. Data relating to study design, sampling and characteristics of the study group, interventions, and reported outcomes and diagnostic value of VELscope were abstracted from articles meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results
Eleven articles that met the inclusion criteria were included. In nine studies, all the lesions underwent histological assessment, whereas the remaining four studies only performed histological assessment on suspicious lesions. Visually enhanced lesion scope showed high sensitivity values in detecting oral premalignant and malignant lesions. However, most of the studies reported it inability in discriminating dysplasia cases from nondysplasia cases.

Conclusion
There is insufficient evidence to support the use of VELscope in primary care setting, however, they may be useful in hands of a specialist.

How to cite this article
Awan KH, Patil S. Efficacy of Autofluorescence Imaging as an Adjunctive Technique for Examination and Detection of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Systematic Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(9):744-749.
Alveolar Ridge Augmentation using the Allograft Bone Shell Technique
Authors: Peck Mogammad Thabit 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe loss of teeth, whether it is from trauma or pathology, is accompanied by a concomitant loss of the surrounding alveolar bone. Khoury introduced a new method for grafting ridge defects in 2007. This technique involved using thin cortical plates harvested from the ramus, and in a ‘sandwich’ type manner, interposed these bone plates with cancellous bone harvested from the same site. Although this has shown success, the technique suffers from similar disadvantages of most harvesting techniques, i.e. a need for a second surgical site, and donor site morbidity. In this case presentation, we report the use of an allograft bone plate in a similar manner as was previously described by Khoury, to reconstruction lost alveolar bone in order to facilitate the correct three dimensional (3D) placement of dental implants.Case descriptionA 53-year-old female presented for the restoration of her missing dentition in her upper jaw. The cone bean computed tomography (CBCT) revealed a large horizontal bony defect in the region of the upper anterior teeth, with minimal remaining bone. Using bone fixation screws, the bone plates were fixed to the buccal defect and the space between the plate and the existing palatal bone wall was then filled using a combination of autograft bone scrapings and xenograft bone particles. Six months after the initial surgery, the grafted sites were surgically re-entered and showed a marked increase in ridge width.ConclusionEvidence exists for the use of bone allografts for a variety of alveolar bone augmentation procedures. The case presented outlines another use for this versatile biomaterial.Clinical significanceBone harvesting for large alveolar defects is invariably associated with increased morbidity and an increased risk of postoperative complications. The above technique described by the author, may be used as a suitable alternative to reconstruct these defects, without harvesting bone from a second surgical site.How to cite this articlePeck MT. Alveolar Ridge Augmentation using the Allograft Bone Shell Technique. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(9):768-773.
The Simultaneous Effect of Extended Etching Time and Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate containing Paste Application on Shear Bond Strength of Etch-and-rinse Adhesive to Caries-affected Dentin
Authors: Doozandeh Maryam , Mirmohammadi Milad 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study evaluated the simultaneous effect of extended etching time and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) containing paste application on shear bond strength (SBS) of etch-and-rinse adhesive to cariesaffected- dentin (CAD).

Materials and methods
Fifty human third molars were used; 10 normal in group 1 and 40 caries-affected teeth in groups 2 to 5. In the CAD groups, teeth were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 10). In groups 2 and 4, phosphoric acid etching for 15 and 45 seconds was used and in groups 3 and 5, after 15 or 45 seconds etching respectively, CPP-ACP containing paste (MI paste) was applied for 3 minutes. After rinsing, single bond adhesive system and Z250 composite were used for resin composite build-up in all groups. After storage, SBS test was measured at cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed using one/two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05).

Results
Normal dentin groups showed the highest SBS among different groups. There was a statistically significant difference between different etching times in CAD groups (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between SBS of SB adhesive to CAD with or without CPP-ACP pretreated in both etching times. Most of the failure modes were adhesive except in groups 1 and 5 which cohesive failure in composite was also observed.

Conclusion
The results of our study indicated that extended etching time up to 45 seconds could enhance the SBS of CAD and approach nearly to SBS of normal dentin. Moreover, MI paste pretreatment had not significant effect on SBS of etchand- rinse adhesive in CAD.

Clinical significance
Simultaneous application of extended etching time and CPP-ACP containing paste may be a suggested method in increasing the SBS of adhesive to CAD.

How to cite this article
Doozandeh M, Firouzmandi M, Mirmohammadi M. The Simultaneous Effect of Extended Etching Time and Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate containing Paste Application on Shear Bond Strength of Etch-and-rinse Adhesive to Caries-affected Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(10):794-799.
Fibrinogen Demonstration in Oral Lichen Planus: An Immunofluorescence Study on Archival Tissues
Authors: Kale Alka , Shirol Pallavi D , Naik Veena 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Lichen planus is a premalignant condition with minimal diagnostic aids. This study is an attempt to use paraffin embedded sections of lichen planus with immunofluorescein stain and to evaluate the immunofluorescent sections to establish pattern of fibrinogen deposition.

Materials and methods
Thirty-five paraffin embedded sections of old and new cases of oral lichen planus (study group) and five normal oral mucosa (control group) were chosen. Two sections of each (H & E) case were taken, one was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and another with fluorescein isothiocynate conjugate (FITC) polyclonal rabbit antibody against fibrinogen. Fluorescent findings were examined with a fluorescent microscope.

Results
A high statistical significant correlation was found in respect to fluorescence positivity, intensity of fluorescence and distribution of fluorescence each with p < 0.0001 and fluorescence at blood vessel walls (p = 0.0003).

Conclusion
This study suggested that paraffin embedded sections can be successfully used in direct immunofluorescence staining in routine set up where only formalin fixed tissues are received.

Clinical significance
Paraffin embedded sections can be successfully used in direct immunofluorescence staining when only formalin fixed tissues are received.

How to cite this article
Shirol PD, Naik V, Kale A. Fibrinogen Demonstration in Oral Lichen Planus: An Immunofluorescence Study on Archival Tissues. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(10): 824-828.
Choroidal Effusion and Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage during Phacoemulsification: Intraoperative Management to Prevent Expulsive Hemorrhage
Authors: Savastano Alfonso , Rizzo Stanislao , Savastano Maria Cristina , Piccirillo Valerio , Forte Renato , Sbordone Sandro , Diurno Francesco , Savastano Silvio 
Published: November 2015

Purpose To describe the intraoperative management of choroidal effusion (CE) or suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) during cataract surgery with the phacoemulsification technique. Methods The study is a retrospective interventional study through which we describe the intraoperative management adopted in 6 cases of CE or SCH during cataract surgery. The study involved 6,400 eyes (phacoemulsification) in 6 years observational time (incidence rate 0.094%). The surgical time at which these complications happened differed: nucleolus phacoemulsification in 2 eyes, cortex removal by bimanual irrigation-aspiration in 3 eyes, and intraocular lens implant for 1 eye. Once the complication was recognized, each patient was quickly moved to an extreme reverse Trendelenburg position and pharmacologically treated to manage high blood pressure, pain, and anxiety (150 mL of an 18% mannitol solution delivered in rapid infusion intravenously; 1-3 mg intravenous midazolam; 5 nifedipine sublingual drops). Results In all the cases reported, the surgery was completed after resolution of the acute choroidal exudation or SCH. In the follow-up evaluation, the intraocular pressure was normal at each examination. The visual acuity of the patients was between 6/7.5 and 5/6 Snellen after 4 weeks. We observed a statistically significant reduction in endothelial cells in the 2 eyes in which the CE or SCH happened during the phacoemulsification compared with the other cases; this finding likely results from mechanical damage (p = 0.04 [95% confidence interval]). Conclusions Choroidal effusion or SCH can be intraoperatively managed to avoid expulsive hemorrhage and maintain the possibility of completing the surgery.
Development of a Microscale Red Blood Cell-Shaped Pectin-Oligochitosan Hydrogel System Using an Electrospray-Vibration Method: Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Crouse James Z. , Mahuta Kirsten M. , Mikulski Brandon A. , Harvestine Jenna N. , Guo Xiaoru , Lee Jung C. , Kaltchev Matey G. , Midelfort Katarina S. , Tritt Charles S. , Chen Junhong , Zhang Wujie 
Published: November 2015

Purpose To develop and characterize a microscale pectin-oligochitosan hydrogel microcapsule system that could be applied in such biological fields as drug delivery, cell immobilization/encapsulation, and tissue engineering. Methods Microscale pectin-oligochitosan hydrogel microcapsules were prepared by using the vibration/electrostatic spray method. The morphology and chemistry of the hydrogel microcapsules were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The designed hydrogel microcapsule system was then used to study the responsiveness of the microcapsules to different simulated human body fluids as well as cell encapsulation. Results The designed hydrogel microcapsule system exhibited a large surface area-to-volume ratio (red blood cell-shaped) and great pH/enzymatic responsiveness. In addition, this system showed the potential for controlled drug delivery and three-dimensional cell culture. Conclusion This system showed a significant potential not only for bioactive-agent delivery, especially to the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but also as a three-dimensional niche for cell culture. In particular, the hydrogel microcapsule system could be used to create artificial red-blood-cells as well as blood substitutes.
SYNJ2 Variant Rs9365723 is Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in Chinese Han Population
Authors: Du Qingguo , Guo Xueyan , Zhang Xiyang , Zhou Wenjing , Liu Zhuo , Wang Jianhua , Zhang Tao , Mao Zhijun , Luo Jun , Jin Tianbo , Liu Chang 
Published: November 2015

Purpose Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and fourth leading cause of cancer mortality, and twin studies have shown that approximately 35% of the variation in susceptibility to CRC involves inherited genetic differences. We sought to investigate potential genetic associations between some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of CRC in the Chinese Han population. Methods We conducted a case-control study including 269 cases and 309 controls. Sixteen SNPs associated with CRC risk were selected from previous genome-wide association studies and genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY technology. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age and gender. Results Using the chi-squared test we found that rs9365723 was associated with CRC risk (p = 0.012). With genetic model analysis, the genotype A/G-G/G (OR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.02-2.21; p = 0.038) of rs9365723 showed an increased risk of CRC in the dominant model. Furthermore, we found that rs9365723 was associated with an increased risk only for colon cancer but not rectal cancer (p = 0.009 and p = 0.414, respectively). Conclusions Our results, combined with previous studies, suggest that rs9365723, located on SYNJ2, is associated with the risk of CRC in a Chinese population. Thus, SYNJ2 may play a role in the development of CRC, especially colon cancer.
Feasibility and Safety of Laparoscopic Nephrectomy in Uremic Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Dell'Atti Lucio 
Published: November 2015

Introduction The purpose of this study was to analyse the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) vs. open radical nephrectomy (ORN), in terms of perioperative and postoperative outcomes, in uremic patients. Methods Between September 2007 and December 2013, 19 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), who underwent LRN or ORN for chronic pyelonephritis, renal calculi, hydronephrosis, renal tumors, complicated cyst, or associated polycystic kidney, were retrospectively analysed. All patients with complete preoperative clinical and intraoperative parameters, including age at surgery, gender, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, surgical technique, operation time, complications, were available for further analyses. The 30-day complication rate in both groups was retrospectively review and graded according to the modified Clavien System in five grades. Results Overall, nine (47.3%) vs. 10 (52.7%) patients underwent LRN vs. ORN, respectively. The mean ASA score (2.7 ± 0.8 vs. 2.9 ± 0.7) did not show statistically significant differences in both groups (p = 0.632). None of the patients in G1 was converted to open surgery for intraoperative complications or CO2 retention. The estimated blood loss was 223 ± 155 mL in G1 and 455 ± 134 mL in G2 (p<0.005). Both groups were comparable with regard to mean operation time. The mean hospital stay was 5.95 ± 1.85 days in G1 and 8.10 ± 1.67 days in G2 (p<0.001). Conclusions The present study revealed that laparoscopic surgery in uremic patients might be performed safely under the expertise of an experienced laparoscopic team. This surgical technique is a minimally invasive treatment, reduces blood loss, shortens postoperative hospital stay, minimizes wound pain, and encourages an earlier return to normal activity.
Changed by Literature? A Critical Review of Psychological Research on the Effects of Reading Fiction
Authors: Caracciolo Marco , Van Duuren Thom 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOur article reviews empirical work that claims to provide evidence for the psychological benefits and effects of engaging with literature. Psychological research has considerable potential for addressing the limitations of traditional reader-response theories, especially if such research is conducted in an interdisciplinary context where literary scholars can actively shape the experimental setup. In the first part of the article we consider the work carried out in this connection by psychologist Keith Oatley and literary scholar Frank Hakemulder, calling attention to a number of important issues that, in our view, haven't been adequately addressed in their empirical studies. In the second part we turn to our more positive arguments, suggesting that the investigation of the psychological effects of reading cannot abstract from phenomenological data based on readers’ own self-reports. Building on philosophical and psychological views of the self as a narrative construction, we argue that the analysis of readers' life stories may offer important insights into how literary reading can have an impact on readers. The descriptive, qualitative, phenomenological route is less fraught with presuppositions and normative assumptions than Oatley's and Hakemulder's approaches, and deserves being taken into serious consideration.
Home-Space in Marilynne Robinson's Housekeeping
Authors: Bessedik Fatima Zahra 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This article analyzes home-space in Marilynne Robinson's Housekeeping (1981). In this novel, Ruth shows that the house, which was earlier peaceful and harmonious during the life of her grandmother, becomes ineffective with the coming of her aunt Sylvie. In discussing how Robinson epitomizes the meaning of dwelling as well as homelessness, I show how the characters relate to their domestic place, both physically and psychologically. I illustrate the powerful relation between the individual dweller and the space he/she inhabits. In so doing, I use the theory of genius loci or The Spirit of Place that the Norwegian architect Christian Norberg-Schulz conceptualizes in relation to the existence of place as a being. By using this theory as a way to provide a fresh look at Robinson's novel, I discuss Housekeeping as a narrative about spatial crisis. I show how the domestic place metamorphoses from meaningfulness to meaninglessness.
“Wonderful Nonsense”: Confucianism in the British Romantic Period
Authors: Murray Chris 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The first complete English versions of Confucian texts appeared between 1809 and 1814 in separate endeavors by Joshua Marshman and Robert Morrison. In 1814, the London Quarterly Review assessed Marshman's translations as “nonsense.” In 1816, the same journal declared that the achievements of the Anglophone missionaries who translated Chinese were “wonderful.” Modern and contemporary commentators have recognized that the translations were primitive. Nonetheless the works stimulated interest in Romantic Britain. This article argues that the missionary versions of Confucian philosophy are significant within several political contexts of British Romanticism. The translations arose amid the diplomatic complications of British Asia. Marshman and Morrison produced their Confucian texts in attempts to appease local administration that suspected their religious activities might cause unrest. Yet the translations also stimulated enough interest to secure funds for the missionaries’ religious efforts. In Britain, responses to Confucianism occurred in three prominent debates: the rivalry between Catholicism and Protestantism; China as an emerging site of Anglo-French rivalry; and liberal commentary on principles of leadership with allusion to Britain's ruler, the Prince Regent. The missionary translations have been neglected as poor Confucianism but are significant within the political contexts of the Romantic period and the problematic concept of Sinology.
Pantomimes of Death within Suburbia: Abject Boredom in Yates’Revolutionary Road, Lynch'sBlue Velvet, and Bowen's “Attractive Modern Homes”
Authors: Mayhew Jessica 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article will apply a psychoanalytical reading to suburbia, claiming that boredom is the trigger of abjection. The focus will be on the theories of Julia Kristeva, and the short story “Attractive Modern Homes,” by Elizabeth Bowen, the novel Revolutionary Road by Richard Yates, and Blue Velvet, directed by David Lynch. The first section will examine boredom as a modern phenomenon, developed from the ennui of the cities as a coping mechanism for suburbia. This article will suggest that boredom itself cannot be perceived as a state. Instead, it is only when an event penetrates boredom that this state can be recognized and radicalized. These events will be explored as examples of Kristeva's “primal repressions.” The second section will explore the abject and the emergence of the Real, focusing on moments of abjection in the sources. Within these, the abject is portrayed as a pantomime of death, bound to the confrontation with mortality. However, there can be no escape from the symbolic order, and the conventions of suburbia are maintained. The final section will study the fetishism of language, resulting in isolation from self.
A National Study of Primary Care Provided by Osteopathic Physicians
Authors: Licciardone John C. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Context: The establishment of a single accreditation system for graduate medical education in the United States suggests a convergence of osteopathic and allopathic medicine.

Objective: To compare the characteristics of medical care provided by osteopathic and allopathic physicians.

Methods: Five-year data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were used to study patient visits for primary care, including those for low back pain, neck pain, upper respiratory infection, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Patient status, primary reason for the visit, chronicity of the presenting problem, injury status, medication orders, physician referrals, source of payment, and time spent with the physician were used to compare osteopathic and allopathic patient visits.

Results: A total of 134,369 patient visits were surveyed, representing a population (SE) of 4.57 billion (220.2 million) patient visits. Osteopathic physicians provided 335.6 (29.9) million patient visits (7.3%), including 217.1 (20.9) million visits for primary care (9.7%). The 5 sentinel symptoms and medical diagnoses accounted for 233.0 (12.4) million primary care visits (10.4%). The mean age of patients seen during primary care visits provided by osteopathic physicians was 46.0 years (95% CI, 44.1-47.9 years) vs 39.9 years (95% CI, 38.8-41.0 years) during visits provided by allopathic physicians (P<.001). Osteopathic patient visits were less likely to involve preventive care (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.44-0.68) and more likely to include care for injuries (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.43-1.78). Osteopathic physicians spent slightly less time with patients during visits (mean, 16.4 minutes; 95% CI, 15.7-17.2 minutes) than allopathic physicians (mean, 18.2 minutes; 95% CI, 17.2-19.3 minutes). The most distinctive aspect of osteopathic medical care involved management of low back pain. Therein, osteopathic physicians were less likely to order medication (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.15-0.75) or to refer patients to another physician (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.23-0.94), despite having more visits paid through Worker’s Compensation (OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.01-13.07). Osteopathic and allopathic medical care for upper respiratory infection, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were comparable.

Conclusion: Practice patterns of osteopathic physicians generally mirror those of allopathic physicians except that osteopathic physicians deliver more medical care for older patients and at later stages of disease. Osteopathic medicine should be promoted more vigorously among younger and healthier persons. New opportunities may arise for osteopathic physicians to demonstrate a distinctive approach to low back pain as changes emerge in graduate medical education.