bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure behavior study of EB-PVD TBCs under CMAS corrosion and thermal shock cycles
Authors: Luo Yi , Zhang Jiawei , Dong Qicai , Ning Aimin , Yu Yun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Calcia-magnesia-alumino-silicate (CMAS) erosion has become a major obstacle, limiting the operating temperature and service life of Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in aircraft engines. Constructing simulation environments that replicate TBCs’ working conditions and exploring online, non-destructive detection techniques are reliable approaches to studying coatings’ failure, representing both a global research hotspot and a challenge in this field. The paper presents an initial endeavor to establish a simulation experiment for TBCs in aviation-engine within a CMAS environment. Experimental results show that electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ), one of the mainstream TBCs technologies, produced 20% surface spallation after 50 thermal-shock cycles under simulated CMAS corrosion conditions. Testing and analysis of the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the failed samples, combined with SEM, EDS, and XRD findings, revealed significant physical and chemical interactions between the ceramic layer and CMAS deposits, as well as phase transformation within the coatings, leading to substantial alterations in mechanical properties and ultimately causing the failure of EB-PVD YSZ.
Biological effectiveness of uniform and nonuniform dose distributions in radiotherapy for tumors with intermediate oxygen levels
Authors: Chvetsov Alexei V , Pugachev Andrei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. We propose a criterion of biological effectiveness of nonuniform hypoxia-targeted dose distributions in heterogeneous hypoxic tumors based on equivalent uniform aerobic dose (EUAD). We demonstrate the utility of this criterion by applying it to the model problems in radiotherapy for tumors with different levels of oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) and different degrees of dose nonuniformity. Approach. The EUAD is defined as the uniform dose that, under well-oxygenated conditions, produces equal integrated survival of clonogenic cells in radiotherapy for heterogeneous hypoxic tumors with a non-uniform dose distribution. We define the dose nonuniformity effectiveness (DNE) in heterogeneous tumors as the ratio of the EUAD(D
N) for a non-uniform distribution D
N and the reference EUAD(D
U) for the uniform dose distribution D
U with equal integral tumor dose. The DNE concept is illustrated in a radiotherapy model problem for non-small cell lung cancer treated with hypoxia targeted dose escalation. A two-level cell population tumor model was used to consider the hypoxic and oxygenated tumor cells. Results. Theoretical analysis of the DNE shows that the entire region of the OER can be separated in two regions by a threshold OERth: (1) OER > OERth where DNE > 1 indicating higher effectiveness of nonuniform dose distributions and (2) OER < OERth where DNE < 1 indicating higher effectiveness of uniform dose distributions. Our simulations show that the value of the threshold OERth in radiotherapy with conventional fractionation is significant in the range of about 1.2–1.6 depending on selected radiotherapy parameters. In general, the OERth increases with reoxygenation rate, relative hypoxic volume and dose escalation factor. The threshold value of OERth is smaller of about 1.1 for hypofractionated radiotherapy. Significance. The analysis of dose distributions using the DNE shows that the uniform dose distributions may improve biological cell killing effect in heterogeneous tumors with intermediate oxygen levels compared to targeted nonuniform dose distribution.
Change-point detection in anomalous-diffusion trajectories utilising machine-learning-based uncertainty estimates
Authors: Seckler Henrik , Metzler Ralf 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
When recording the movement of individual animals, cells or molecules one will often observe changes in their diffusive behaviour at certain points in time along their trajectory. In order to capture the different diffusive modes assembled in such heterogeneous trajectories it becomes necessary to segment them by determining these change-points. Such a change-point detection can be challenging for conventional statistical methods, especially when the changes are subtle. We here apply Bayesian Deep Learning to obtain point-wise estimates of not only the anomalous diffusion exponent but also the uncertainties in these predictions from a single anomalous diffusion trajectory generated according to four theoretical models of anomalous diffusion. We show that we are able to achieve an accuracy similar to single-mode (without change-points) predictions as well as a well calibrated uncertainty predictions of this accuracy. Additionally, we find that the predicted uncertainties feature interesting behaviour at the change-points leading us to examine the capabilities of these predictions for change-point detection. While the series of predicted uncertainties on their own are not sufficient to improve change-point detection, they do lead to a performance boost when applied in combination with the predicted anomalous diffusion exponents.
Machinability characteristics study on hibiscus rosa-sinensis reinforced polymer composites using soft computing techniques
Authors: Shetty Sawan , Shetty Raviraj , Nayak Rajesh , J P Supriya , Hegde Adithya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Understanding the drilling behaviour of composite materials is crucial for optimizing their manufacturing processes and enhancing their applicability across various industries. In this study, the drilling process of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Polymer matrix composites is investigated due to the significance of investigating such advanced and sustainable composite materials for their potential applications. Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Fibers are extracted and processed from the outer bark of the hibiscus plant, are incorporated into polymer matrices in varying weight percentages (0 Wt%, 10 Wt%, 20 Wt%) to form discontinuously reinforced polymer composites. Samples with uniform dimensions of 150 × 75 × 15 mm, are used for the drilling operation using Ace Micromatic DTC-400 instrument. The project focuses on analysing the influence of key drilling input parameters such as Spindle speed, Feed rate and HRS (Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis) Fiber weight percentage on the Thrust Force (N) and Torque (N-m) generated during drilling operations. Taguchi’s Design of Experiments with L27 orthogonal array is used to systematically optimize the input parameters to gain insights into the drilling behaviour of these composite materials. Further a second order mathematical model has been generated for Thrust Force and Torque using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Thrust Force and Torque during drilling are measured using 9257 BA KISTLER Dynamometer coupled with DynoWare 2825 A software. The findings of this study not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the drilling process but also hold significant implications for industries reliant on composite materials. From aerospace to automotive sectors, where lightweight and durable materials are essential, to construction and renewable energy industries seeking sustainable alternatives, the application potential of hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Fiber-reinforced composites is vast. By elucidating the intricate dynamics of drilling operations on these materials, this research paves the way for enhanced manufacturing processes and the development of advanced composite structures tailored to meet the demands of diverse industrial applications.
Comprehensive glass/banana fiber characterization with zirconium carbide filler-reinforced hybrid composites for lightweight structural applications
Authors: Muniyan Vijayan , Suganya Priyadharshini Ganesan , Thiagarajan Velmurugan , Palanisamy Senthamaraikannan , Suyambulingam Indran 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The enhancement of the properties of fiber-based polymer composites is generally possible by the hybridization of fibers. Using synthetic and natural fibers in the composites will enhance the applications, and the problem of voids is solved by using fillers. Mixing banana fiber with glass fibers creates a lightweight yet robust material for architectural elements such as panels and insulation. The current investigation encompassed the production of a glass/banana hybrid composite by integrating a Zirconium carbide (ZrC) filler via compression molding methodologies. The filler proportion varied at five levels: 0 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt% and 2 wt%, within an epoxy resin matrix. The composite materials underwent mechanical, water absorption, and vibration analysis. Furthermore, the fractured surface was examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) better to understand the interactions between the fibers and the matrix. The initial findings indicated that the incorporation of Banana and glass fibers in composite materials has the potential to achieve an optimal balance between strength and versatility. The key findings include a considerable increase in tensile, flexural, and impact strengths with 1.5 wt% ZrC filler, with improvements of up to 34.5% in impact strength and 44.7% in compressive strength over the unfilled composite.
Investigation of hydrothermal characteristics and entropy generation in a microchannel heat sink with elliptical fins
Authors: Xue Lirui , Liu Chang , Wen Junqi , Shi Yiming , Yan Ziyi , Meng Siyu , Fu Kepu , Chen Haitao , Xia Changquan , Qian Qinyu , Cheng Liwen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As the integration of microelectronic devices continues to increase, thermal management issues become increasingly prominent. Microchannel heat sinks are effective for heat dissipation in high heat flux microelectronic devices. This study designs five elliptical finned microchannel heat sinks with different aspect ratios (γ) while maintaining a constant elliptical area to enhance heat transfer performance. The values of γ are 0.74, 0.86, 1, 1.17, and 1.35, respectively. Over the Reynolds number (Re) range of 293 to 740, the hydrothermal characteristics and entropy generation of the microchannels with elliptical fins (MC-EFs) are investigated through numerical simulations. The thermal enhancement mechanism of MC-EFs is analyzed via flow, temperature, and pressure fields. The optimal γ value is determined by maximizing the overall performance factor (OPF) and minimizing the augmentation entropy generation number (N
s,a). Results indicate that introducing elliptical fins in the straight microchannel (SMC) significantly improves heat dissipation. An increase in γ enhances thermal performance but also raises flow resistance. Specifically, when γ increases from 0.74 to 1.35, the Nusselt number (Nu) improves by 10.71%-25.64%, and the friction coefficient (f) increases by 30.92%-57.27%. Overall, at Re = 740, the OPF of the MC-EF with γ = 1.35 reaches a maximum of 1.285, and at Re = 597, the N
s,a for this configuration is minimized to 0.578. These findings provide valuable insights for effective thermal management in microelectronic devices.
Unlocking the potential of photoexcited molecular electron spins for room temperature quantum information processing
Authors: Chen Kuan-Cheng , Collauto Alberto , Rogers Ciarán J , Yu Shang , Oxborrow Mark , Attwood Max 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Future information processing technologies like quantum memory devices have the potential to store and transfer quantum states to enable quantum computing and networking. A central consideration in practical applications for such devices is the nature of the light-matter interface which determines the storage state density and efficiency. Here, we employ an organic radical, α,γ-bisdiphenylene-β-phenylallyl doped into an o-terphenyl host to explore the potential for using tuneable and high-performance molecular media in microwave-based quantum applications. We demonstrate that this radical system exhibits millisecond-long spin-lattice relaxation and microsecond-long phase memory times at room temperature, while also having the capability to generate an oscillating spin-polarized state using a co-dissolved photo-activated tetraphenylporphyrin moiety, all enabled by using a viscous liquid host. This latest system builds upon collective wisdom from previous molecules-for-quantum literature by combining careful host matrix selection, with dynamical decoupling, and photoexcited triplet-radical spin polarisation to realise a versatile and robust quantum spin medium.
Building Eurorack Modules with PCBs
Authors: Edstrom Brent 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses how to build Eurorack modules with custom printed circuit boards (PCBs). It introduces DipTrace, a popular PCB-design application that represents a good blend of power, ease of use, and flexible licensing options. Unlike protoboard projects that utilize wires to connect front-panel components to circuitry, PCB projects typically utilize pots, switches, jacks, and other components that are soldered directly to a PCB. The chapter then explains how to create schematics with PCBs. It then highlights how the project that illustrates many core concepts can provide a handy mixer, which is a useful addition to almost any Eurorack kit.
A Health Media Literacy Intervention Increases Skepticism of Both Inaccurate and Accurate Cancer News Among U.S. Adults
Authors: Lyons Benjamin , King Andy J , Kaphingst Kimberly A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Inaccurate cancer news can have adverse effects on patients and families. One potential way to minimize this is through media literacy training—ideally, training tailored specifically to the evaluation of health-related media coverage.

Purpose
We test whether an abbreviated health-focused media literacy intervention improves accuracy discernment or sharing discernment for cancer news headlines and also examine how these outcomes compare to the effects of a generic media literacy intervention.

Methods
We employ a survey experiment conducted using a nationally representative sample of Americans (N = 1,200). Respondents were assigned to either a health-focused media literacy intervention, a previously tested generic media literacy intervention, or the control. They were also randomly assigned to rate either perceived accuracy of headlines or sharing intentions. Intervention effects on accurate and inaccurate headline ratings were tested using OLS regressions at the item-response level, with standard errors clustered on the respondent and with headline fixed effects.

Results
We find that the health-focused media literacy intervention increased skepticism of both inaccurate (a 5.6% decrease in endorsement, 95% CI [0.1%, 10.7%]) and accurate (a 7.6% decrease, 95% CI [2.4%, 12.8%]) news headlines, and accordingly did not improve discernment between the two. The health-focused media literacy intervention also did not significantly improve sharing discernment. Meanwhile, the generic media literacy intervention had little effect on perceived accuracy outcomes, but did significantly improve sharing discernment.

Conclusions
These results suggest further intervention development and refinement are needed before scaling up similarly targeted health information literacy tools, particularly focusing on building trust in legitimate sources and accurate content.
Eye-Opening Effect Achieved by Modified Transconjunctival Lower Blepharoplasty
Authors: Kubo Takayuki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Enophthalmia (abnormally sunken eyeball in the socket) and ptotic upper lid, as well as lower lid symptoms, are commonly observed in patients seeking periorbital rejuvenation.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty (TCLB) modified by adding deframing and decompression maneuvers to the lower orbital fat compartment (LOFC) and its support structures to obtain better results in both the lower and upper lids.

Methods
Modified TCLB was performed in patients with lower eyelid symptoms. Palpebral fissure height (PFH) (the distance between the upper and lower eyelids in vertical alignment with the center of the pupil) was measured before surgery and 12 months postoperatively from 3-dimensional photographs. These data were compared to validate the postoperative eye-opening effect. The weight of the excised fat from each LOFC was also measured and compared.

Results
Forty patients (36 females and 4 males) who underwent modified TCLB were followed up 12 months postoperatively. Mean [standard deviation] preoperative PFHs were 8.41 [1.15] mm (range, 6.1-10.7 mm) for the right and 8.41 [1.12] mm (range, 5.5-10.4 mm) for the left. Postoperative PFHs were 9.26 [0.95] mm (range, 6.4-11.1 mm) for the right and 9.21 [0.94] mm (range, 6.2-11.1 mm) for the left. The improvement in postoperative eye opening was statistically significant. The total excised LOFC was 0.43 [0.24] g (range, 0-1.2 g) for the right and 0.42 [0.25] g (range, 0-1.5 g) for the left. The largest amount of fat was excised bilaterally from the lateral LOFC, and the difference was statistically significant.

Conclusions
The results after the modified TCLB clearly demonstrate increased eye-opening ability and marked resolution of observable symptoms. The anatomical dynamics of the orbit involved in this procedure are detailed through scientific data.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)
MSIreg: an R package for unsupervised coregistration of mass spectrometry and H&E images
Authors: Lakkimsetty Sai Srikanth , Weber Andreas , Bemis Kylie A , Stehl Verena , Bronsert Peter , Föll Melanie C , Vitek Olga 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Summary
Joint analysis of mass spectrometry images (MS images) and microscopy images of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissues assists pathologists in characterizing the morphological structure of the tissues, and in performing diagnosis. Unfortunately, the analysis is undermined by substantial differences between these modalities in terms of aspect ratios, spatial resolution, number of channels in each image, as well as by large global or small local elastic spatial deformations of one image with respect to the other. Therefore, accurate coregistration of the images is a critical pre-requisite for their joint interpretation. We introduce MSIreg, an open-source R package for coregistration of MSI and H&E images. MSIreg is designed for high-dimensional MSI experiments where each spatial location is represented by thousands of mass features. Unlike most existing coregistration methods, MSIreg implements a landmark free workflow, and quantitative metrics for performance evaluation. We evaluate the performance of MSIreg on six case studies, including coregistration of contiguous tissues with large deformations, as well as simultaneous coregistration of 29 tissue microarray cores.

Availability and implementation
The R package, installation instructions, and fully reproducible vignettes describing methods and Case Studies are available open-source under the GPL-3.0 license at https://github.com/sslakkimsetty/msireg/.
DPNN-ac4C: a dual-path neural network with self-attention mechanism for identification of N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) in mRNA
Authors: Yuan Jiahao , Wang Ziyi , Pan Zhuoyu , Li Aohan , Zhang Zilong , Cui Feifei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Motivation
The modification of N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) in RNA is a conserved epigenetic mark that plays a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation, mRNA stability, and translation efficiency. Traditional methods for detecting ac4C modifications are laborious and costly, necessitating the development of efficient computational approaches for accurate identification of ac4C sites in mRNA.

Results
We present DPNN-ac4C, a dual-path neural network with a self-attention mechanism for the identification of ac4C sites in mRNA. Our model integrates embedding modules, bidirectional GRU networks, convolutional neural networks, and self-attention to capture both local and global features of RNA sequences. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that DPNN-ac4C outperforms existing models, achieving an AUROC of 91.03%, accuracy of 82.78%, MCC of 65.78%, and specificity of 84.78% on an independent test set. Moreover, DPNN-ac4C exhibits robustness under the Fast Gradient Method attack, maintaining a high level of accuracy in practical applications.

Availability and implementation
The model code and dataset are publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/shock1ng/DPNN-ac4C).
On role models and Joe LeDoux
Authors: Josselyn Sheena A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Joseph LeDoux is a pioneering neuroscientist who has made profound discoveries that continue to impact our understanding of the neural basis of emotion and memory, particularly the role of the amygdala in threat conditioning. LeDoux’s trailblazing and elegant studies were some of the first to examine the circuit basis of behavior. His work combined techniques to trace pathways into and out of the amygdala important for threat conditioning and related behaviors. Since that time, these types of circuit tracing studies have exploded in popularity across neuroscience, and I would argue, we all owe a debt to LeDoux for this. LeDoux has made numerous additional contributions to neuroscience and, by bringing emotion back to neuroscience, has helped unite neuroscience with psychology. A gifted writer with a knack for communicating complicated scientific ideas in an accessible manner, LeDoux has become an ambassador of science who uses his love of music to help educate and inspire. Perhaps more important than these laudable scientific achievements, LeDoux is also a true “gentleman” of science, showing that science need not be a contact sport. Here, I give a personal account on why Joseph LeDoux is one of my scientific role models.
Dynamic prediction of kidney allograft and patient survival using post-transplant estimated glomerular filtration rate trajectory
Authors: Bakar Khandoker Shuvo , Teixeira-Pinto Armando , Gately Ryan , Boroumand Farzaneh , Lim Wai H , Wong Germaine 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Allograft loss is the most feared outcome of kidney transplant recipients. We aimed to develop a dynamic Bayesian model using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories to predict long-term allograft and patient survivals.

Methods
We used data from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant registry and included all adult kidney transplant recipients (1980–2017) in Australia (derivation cohort) and New Zealand (NZ, validation cohort). Using a joint model, the temporal changes of eGFR trajectories were used to predict patient and allograft survivals.

Results
The cohort composed of 14 915 kidney transplant recipients [12 777 (86%) from Australia and 2138 (14%) from NZ] who were followed for a median of 8.9 years. In the derivation cohort, eGFR trajectory was inversely associated with allograft loss [every 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 reduction in eGFR, adjusted hazard ratio [HR, 95% credible intervals (95%CI) 1.31 (1.23–1.39)] and death [1.12 (1.10–1.14)]. Similar estimates were observed in the validation cohort. The respective dynamic area under curve (AUC) (95%CI) estimates for predicting allograft loss at 5-years post-transplantation were 0.83 (0.75–0.91) and 0.81 (0.68–0.93) for the derivation and validation cohorts.

Conclusion
This straightforward model, using a single metric of eGFR trajectory, shows good model performance, and effectively distinguish transplant recipients who are at risk of death and allograft loss from those who are not. This simple bedside tool may facilitate early identification of individuals at risk of allograft loss and death.