bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved resilience and metabolic response of transplanted blackberry plugs using chitosan oligosaccharide elicitor treatment
Authors: Cheplick Susan , Sarkar Dipayan , Bhowmik Prasanta C. , Shetty Kalidas 
Published: December 2017

Transplanting of micropropagated blackberry plugs in the field during late summer and early fall is a common nursery practice for commercial blackberry production. During this field transition, blackberry plants generally experience different stresses in addition to transplanting shock coupled with sudden exposure to low night temperatures in the fall. Improving the stress resilience of field-transplanted blackberry plants by recruiting plant endogenous protective metabolic responses has significant merit. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve stress resilience of newly transplanted ‘Chester Thornless’ blackberry in the field during fall transition through stimulation of phenolic antioxidant and proline-linked metabolic responses by using bioprocessed chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) as an elicitor treatment. Fourteen-week-old blackberry plugs were transplanted in the field in late July and COS was sprayed weekly in the run-off for a 6-wk period after transplanting. Total soluble phenolic content, total antioxidant activity, total proline content, proline dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase enzyme activity of blackberry shoots were evaluated weekly during and 1 wk after COS application. Improvement in total soluble phenolic content and antioxidant activity based on 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radical scavenging assay was observed in field-transplanted blackberry at 6 and 7 wk with COS elicitation treatment.
Packet Capture and Analysis on MEDINA, A Massively Distributed Network Data Caching Platform
Authors: Sapio Amedeo , Baldi Mario , Risso Fulvio , Anand Narendra , Nucci Antonio 
Published: December 2017

Traffic capture and analysis is key to many domains including network management, security and network forensics. Traditionally, it is performed by a dedicated device accessing traffic at a specific point within the network through a link tap or a port of a node mirroring packets. This approach is problematic because the dedicated device must be equipped with a large amount of computation and storage resources to store and analyze packets. Alternatively, in order to achieve scalability, analysis can be performed by a cluster of hosts. However, this is normally located at a remote location with respect to the observation point, hence requiring to move across the network a large volume of captured traffic. To address this problem, this paper presents an algorithm to distribute the task of capturing, processing and storing packets traversing a network across multiple packet forwarding nodes (e.g., IP routers). Essentially, our solution allows individual nodes on the path of a flow to operate on subsets of packets of that flow in a completely distributed and decentralized manner. The algorithm ensures that each packet is processed by n nodes, where n can be set to 1 to minimize overhead or to a higher value to achieve redundancy. Nodes create a distributed index that enables efficient retrieval of packets they store (e.g., for forensics applications). Finally, the basic principles of the presented solution can also be applied, with minimal changes, to the distributed execution of generic tasks on data flowing through a network of nodes with processing and storage capabilities. This has applications in various fields ranging from Fog Computing, to microservice architectures and the Internet of Things.
Accelerated Deconvolution of Radio Interferometric Images using Orthogonal Matching Pursuit and Graphics Hardware
Authors: Belle Jonathan Van , Armstrong Richard , Gain James 
Published: December 2017

Deconvolution of native radio interferometric images constitutes a major computational component of the imaging process. An efficient and robust deconvolution operation is essential for reconstruction of the true sky signal from measured telescopic data. The techniques of compressed sensing provide a mathematically-rigorous framework within which to implement deconvolution of images formed from a sparse set of nearly-random measurements. We present an accelerated implementation of the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm (a compressed sensing method) that makes use of graphics processing unit (GPU) hardware. We show that OMP correctly identifies more sources than CLEAN, identifying up to 82% of the sources in 100 test images, while CLEAN only identifies up to 61% of the sources. In addition, the residual after source extraction is [Formula: see text] times lower for OMP than for CLEAN. Furthermore, the graphics implementation of OMP performs around 23 times faster than a 4-core CPU.
CD271 Confers an Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma through the Upregulation of Slug
Authors: Chung Man Ki , Jung Young Ho , Lee Joon Kyoo , Cho Soo Youn , Murillo-Sauca Oihana , Uppaluri Ravindra , Shin June Ho , Sunwoo John B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is comprised of heterogeneous populations of cells, and CD271 (NGFR; p75NTR) has been associated with a tumor-initiating cell subpopulation. This study assessed the role of CD271 in modulating metastatic behavior in HNSCC.
Experimental Design: CD271 was overexpressed in murine and human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells to assess the impact of CD271 activation on the invasive and metastatic phenotype of these cells, using in vitro and orthotopic in vivo modeling. Treatment with human nerve growth factor (NGF) to activate CD271, as well as shRNA knockdown of the CD271-upregulated Snai2 expression, was used to assess the mechanism of the CD271-induced invasive phenotype. Relevance of CD271 expression in human HNSCC was evaluated in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and primary human oral cancers, annotated with clinical behavior characteristics and survival data.
Results: Forced expression of CD271 resulted in a more invasive and metastatic phenotype. Slug, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related transcription factor, encoded by Snai2, was highly expressed in MOC2-CD271 and HSC3-CD271, compared with respective parental cells. CD271 activation by NGF conferred enhanced invasiveness in CD271-overexpressing cells, which was abrogated by Snai2 knockdown. In PDXs and primary human HNSCC, CD271 expression correlated with higher Snai2 expression, greater nodal metastasis, and shorter disease-free survival.
Conclusions: Activation of CD271 results in upregulation of Snai2/Slug, which, in turn, results in a more invasive phenotype and an enhanced capacity for metastasis to regional lymph nodes. These findings point to CD271 as a promising, therapeutic target for oral cancer metastasis. Clin Cancer Res; 24(3); 674–83. ©2017 AACR.
Identifying and Targeting Sporadic Oncogenic Genetic Aberrations in Mouse Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Hui , Murphy Charles J. , Karreth Florian A. , Emdal Kristina B. , White Forest M. , Elemento Olivier , Toker Alex , Wulf Gerburg M. , Cantley Lewis C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are genetically characterized by aberrations in TP53 and a low rate of activating point mutations in common oncogenes, rendering it challenging in applying targeted therapies. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify somatic genetic alterations in mouse models of TNBCs driven by loss of Trp53 alone or in combination with Brca1. Amplifications or translocations that resulted in elevated oncoprotein expression or oncoprotein-containing fusions, respectively, as well as frameshift mutations of tumor suppressors were identified in approximately 50% of the tumors evaluated. Although the spectrum of sporadic genetic alterations was diverse, the majority had in common the ability to activate the MAPK/PI3K pathways. Importantly, we demonstrated that approved or experimental drugs efficiently induce tumor regression specifically in tumors harboring somatic aberrations of the drug target. Our study suggests that the combination of WES and RNA-seq on human TNBC will lead to the identification of actionable therapeutic targets for precision medicine–guided TNBC treatment.
Significance: Using combined WES and RNA-seq analyses, we identified sporadic oncogenic events in TNBC mouse models that share the capacity to activate the MAPK and/or PI3K pathways. Our data support a treatment tailored to the genetics of individual tumors that parallels the approaches being investigated in the ongoing NCI-MATCH, My Pathway Trial, and ESMART clinical trials. Cancer Discov; 8(3); 354–69. ©2017 AACR.
See related commentary by Natrajan et al., p. 272.
See related article by Matissek et al., p. 336.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 253
Cadmium, Carotid Atherosclerosis, and Incidence of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Borné Yan , Fagerberg Björn , Persson Margaretha , Östling Gerd , Söderholm Martin , Hedblad Bo , Sallsten Gerd , Barregard Lars , Engström Gunnar 
Published: December 2017

Background
Exposure to cadmium has been associated with carotid plaques, inflammation in carotid plaques, and increased risk of ischemic stroke. This study examined the separate and interacting effects of blood cadmium levels and carotid plaques on the risk of incident ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results

Cadmium levels were measured in 4156 subjects (39.2% men; mean±
SD
age 57.3±5.9 years) without history of stroke, from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. The right carotid artery was examined using B‐mode ultrasound examination at baseline. Incidence of ischemic stroke was monitored over a mean follow‐up of 16.7 years. Carotid plaque was present in 34.5% of participants. Cadmium was significantly higher in subjects with plaque (mean±
SD
: 0.53±0.58 μg/L versus 0.42±0.49 μg/L;
P
<0.001). A total of 221 subjects had ischemic stroke during the follow‐up. Incidence of ischemic stroke was associated both with carotid plaque (hazard ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.90,
P
=0.009) and cadmium (hazard ratio for quartile [Q] 4 versus Q1–3: 1.95, confidence interval, 1.33–2.85,
P
=0.001), after adjustment for risk factors. There was a significant interaction between cadmium and plaque with respect to risk of ischemic stroke (
P
=0.011). Adjusted for risk factors, subjects with plaque and cadmium in Q4 had a hazard ratio of 2.88 (confidence interval, 1.79–4.63) for ischemic stroke, compared with those without plaque and cadmium in Q1 to Q3.

Conclusions
Cadmium was associated with incidence of ischemic stroke, both independently and in synergistic interaction with carotid plaques. This supports the hypothesis that cadmium promotes vulnerability of carotid plaques, thereby increasing the risk of rupture and ischemic stroke.
Effect of Equine-Assisted Activities on Social and Sensory Functioning of Children with Autism
Authors: Coman Drew C. , Bass Margaret P. , Alessandri Michael , Ghilain Christine S. , Llabre Maria M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis is a replication, randomized control trial, that investigated the therapeutic effects of a 12-week equine-assisted (EA) intervention on the social and sensory functioning of children with autism. Reliability and stability of parent and teacher reports of children’s social and sensory functioning across three assessment times were assessed, in support of the validity of observed outcomes. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that children in theEAgroup (n= 25) would significantly improve, relative to a wait-list control group (n= 25), in both domains of functioning. Results indicated that reports were reliable, and children in the experimental group improved in overall social and sensory functioning, as well as within specific subdomains, with “unblinded” assessment methods. Relative to the pre-assessment scores, children improved in functioning in specific areas at post-assessment and 8-weeks post-intervention. Therefore, results of the study suggestEAactivities may be a beneficial modality for delivering autism-specific treatment strategies.
Deer Who Are Distant
Authors: Dillon Denise , Pang Josephine 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study explores the influence of relative pronouns WHO or THAT on attributions of humanness across four categories of entities (unnamed nonhuman animals, named animals, machines, and people). Eighty-three university students performed an attribution task where they saw a priming phrase containing one category item with either WHO or THAT (e.g., deer who are …) and then two trait attribute items (Uniquely Human UH/Human Nature HN word pairs; e.g., distant-nervous), from which they selected the trait attribute most meaningfully suited to the phrase. Data were analyzed with a repeated measures 2 (humanness: HN traits, UH traits) × 2 (pronoun: WHO, THAT) × 4 (category: unnamed animals, named animals, machines, people) ANOVA. Participants responded relatively faster to HN trait attributes than to UH traits, and responded faster to named animals than to all other entities. Faster responses also ensued for people-WHO pairings than people-THAT pairings, and vice versa for named animals.
A fast method to prepare microslides of wood in advanced stages of decay
Authors: Račko Vladimír , Mišíková Ol’ga , Štefková Jaroslava , Čunderlík Igor 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Biologically degraded wood in advanced stages of decay has a very soft and brittle structure that causes many problems during sectioning. Embedding wood specimens in different kinds of media ensures preparation of good quality microsections, but the preparation time is very long. The proposed method does not only have a reduced preparation time but also minimizes costs and consumption of chemicals while improving stabilization of the specimen and enhancing the quality of sections. The crux of the method is application of a reinforcing layer of transparent nail polish gel on a dry specimen that has been only stabilized (not embedded) with PEG 1500 medium. The gel is applied on a specimen in two layers just before sectioning. The first layer infiltrates the specimen sufficiently deep to fill the lumens and cell walls and allows preparation of thin sections from decayed wood. The second layer reinforces the section and allows better handling. Subsequently, the reinforcing and embedding layers are removed using pure acetone. This innovative method has so far been successfully tested on specimens that were degraded by the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (mass loss 55% and 83%) and the fungus Phaeolus schweinitzii (mass loss 45%), taken from Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris species, a hardwood and softwood respectively with contrasting wide vessels and narrow tracheids.
Urban Heat Island Mitigation Effectiveness under Extreme Heat Conditions in the Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou Metropolitan Area, China
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhang Ning 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCool roofs and green roofs are two important methods used to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The Weather Research and Forecasting Model was used to investigate the UHI effect and the effectiveness of cool and green roof mitigation strategies in the Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou metropolitan area during an extreme heat wave episode in the summer of 2013. Both urban land-cover change and anthropogenic heat releases exacerbated high temperatures in the urban area. Notably, urban land-cover change and anthropogenic heat release were responsible for 64% and 36% of the UHI intensity, respectively. Both cool and green roofs decreased near-surface air temperatures. The most dramatic decrease in near-surface air temperature occurred in the late morning; nocturnal air temperature decreased slightly because of the decrease in urban heat storage associated with the cool roof strategy. In addition, the UHI mitigation strategies affected the entire urban boundary layer. The decrease in the potential temperature and static stability created a stable urban boundary layer in which turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) decreased simultaneously. Analysis of an urban belt near a large water body showed that the decrease in the surface skin temperature difference between land and the water body weakened the daytime lake breeze. This effect was observed in both the inflow in the boundary layer and the return flow above the boundary layer, and it decreased the heat and moisture exchange between the lake and land boundary layers.
Modern Prose and Ancient Inhibitions
Authors: Morse J. Mitchell 
Published: December 2017

Both amateurs and professionals write poor prose; in fact, students and professionals alike are afflicted with a neurotic need to avoid clarity and precision of thought. In the creation myths of all civilized countries, the exercise of human intelligence is displeasing to the gods; the beginning of civilization - which is necessarily at odds with nature - is always associated with sin. The universal difficulty in articulating feeling precedes consciousness because we are born into helpless dependence on our parents, who in order for us to survive and be fit for human society must often thwart our infantile inclinations. We cry out against their efforts to tame us and civilize us. Writing well which is a way of creating our personal uniqueness, is always an act of subconscious rebellion against society. We tend to discourage such rebellion in others and suppress it in our-selves. We prefer to think in cliches, and to demonstrate, through our bad grammar, bad logic, and general sloppiness of diction, that we are socially harmless because intellectually null. The ability to write seems to have declined through a voluntary careless acceptance of slack imprecision, so that our words and processes of thought become confused. A postliterate culture is not inconceivable; we are willmg our literacy gradually away through a voluntary loss of high literary skill The disappearance of literacy may well bring about the wreck of civilization. We must read attentively, and we must teach our students to read. We must rediscover the value of technique. We must take courage from the few brilliant writers among us and develop new literary modes.
Sex Differences in Children's Art
Authors: McNiff Karen 
Published: December 2017

This paper examines the similarities and differences in the art of boys and girls aged six, seven, and eight. It is primarily concerned with the ways in which the subject matter of the children's art reflects sex differences in interests, introspective thought, and symbolic organization of the world. The methodology, based on the spontaneous art experience, seeks to establish that artistic activity is a viable medium through which information on the non-discursive aspects of children's thought can be obtained. Over 1800 drawings, done by 26 children, were collected. The content of the drawings was examined for its range of subject matter and for thematic trends over time. It was found that girls and boys consistently portray very different subjects. The children's art did not present stereotypic images of sex roles nor could the contrasts be specifically attributed to genetic, social, or psychological differences between the sexes, although there was some correlation with the research findings in those areas. It was concluded that girls and boys have very different expressive interests and needs which are not fully incorporated into their educational environment and which affect all areas of school adjustment.
Public Educational Systems in a Colonial Context: The case of India's Transition from Indigenous to Modern Ideas and Institutions in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Shukla Sureshachandra 
Published: December 2017

The consolidation of British rule in India during the 19th century included some transformations in the Indian educational system. These included organized efforts to restructure the system making it more accessible to a wider clientele. There were attempts to restructure authority in schools and to impose an external examination system. In addition, knowledge came to be viewed increasingly as a commodity which individuals should accumulate. This accumulation of knowledge in schools was supposed to guarantee fuller participation in the labor market. This paper attempts to trace the history of the changes in the educational system in relation to changes in the larger social system. As part of this history it accounts for the forces that work both in support of and in resistance to changes in a colonial context. 1 1 This paper draws very heavily on Shukla, 1958, 1959, and 1967
Ethnicity and Classicism: A Beautiful Connection
Authors: Mitchell Arthur 
Published: December 2017

At a time when the majority of schools throughout the country told black kids to go into jazz or modern dance, Mr. Mitchell became a principal and famed soloist with the New York City Ballet. It was the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968 that changed the direction of Mr. Mitchell's career. He returned to the United States from his directorship of the National Ballet of Brazil determined to make a commitment: to the people of Harlem, the untapped talents of black artists, and the breaking of the traditional barrier against black dancers in the world of classical ballet. The Dance Theatre of Harlem opened its ballet school the next year with an enrollment of 30. It now includes over 350 students from all areas of the country, and offers professional training in dance, music, chorus, stagecrafts and administration. In 1979, it was one of the first professional dance schools in America to be accredited. The Dance Theatre of Harlem is now one of the most important companies in America, filling its programs with a distinctive blend of classical and ethnic traditions. The “black” ballet company has moved through the old barriers to become an artistic triumph in the mainstream of American dance.
Schooling and the Civic Exclusion of Latinos: Toward a Discourse of Dissonance
Authors: Walsh Catherine E. 
Published: December 2017

In the United States, schooling has been traditionally viewed as the primary mechanism by which individuals are socially and politically prepared to function as active citizens. Through educational support of what has been termed “civic inclusion,” peripheral members of society, i.e., minorities and the poor, are purportedly given access to mainstream society. This article examines the fallacy of civic inclusion for Latino students in U S. schools and demonstrates how schools actually promote an educational and civic exclusion. Discussed are the language, culture, and community-related strategies students utilize to confront exclusion and the new forms of inclusion which this discourse engenders.
Migraine‐Related Aural Fullness: A Potential Clinical Entity
Authors: Moshtaghi Omid , Ghavami Yaser , Mahboubi Hossein , Sahyouni Ronald , Haidar Yarah , Ziai Kasra , Lin Harrison W. , Djalilian Hamid R. 
Published: December 2017

In this case series, we set out to describe the clinical entity of isolated, prolonged aural fullness (AF) and its relationship with migraine. Patients with isolated, persistent AF for 6 months or more were included with all possible etiologies ruled out. Migraine dietary and lifestyle changes and medical migraine prophylactic therapy were prescribed to all. Eleven patients were included (mean age, 52 years). Six (54%) patients fulfilled International Headache Society criteria for migraine with or without aura. Changes in perceived sensation of AF using the visual analog scale and quality of life questionnaires resulted in a statically significant improvement (P <. 001, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.7 to 6.72, and P <. 001, 95% CI, −5.3 to −2.7, respectively). As such, an improvement of isolated, prolonged AF with migraine lifestyle changes and prophylactic treatment may suggest an etiological association between migraine and prolonged aural fullness.