bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) analysis for wine packaging production line
Authors: Tsarouhas Panagiotis 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide results for a complete reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) analysis utilizing data sets from a production system in a wine packaging line. Through the illustrated case study, the author demonstrates how RAM analysis is very useful for deciding maintenance intervals, and for planning and organizing the adequate maintenance strategy.

Design/methodology/approach
RAM analysis has been done for each machine by using failures data. The parameters of some common probability distributions, such as Weibull, exponential, lognormal, and normal distributions, have been estimated by using the Minitab software package. An investigation to determine which of these distributions provide the best fit for characterizing the failure pattern at machine and line level has been made. Reliability and maintainability of both wine packaging and its machines has been estimated at different mission times with their best fit distribution. High maintainability issues and potential factors with their potential failure modes were presented, through failure mode and effect analysis process.

Findings
Analysis of the total downtime, breakdown frequency, reliability, and maintainability characteristics of different machines shows that: first, the availability for the wine packaging line was 91.80 percent, and for the remaining 8.2 percent the line is under repair. Second, about two failures per shift are displayed on the line, whereas for the mean time-to-repair (TTR) a failure is 24 minutes. Third, there is no correlation between the time-between-failures and the TTRs for the wine packaging line. Fourth, the main three factors affecting the maintainability process in the production line are: resources availability, manpower management, and maintenance planning procedures.

Originality/value
This study is anticipated to serve as an illuminating effort in conducting a complete RAM analysis in the much advertised field of wine packaging production line which on the other hand so little has been published on operational availability and equipment effectiveness. It can also be useful to serve as a valid data source for winery product manufacturers, who wish to improve the design and operation of their production lines.
“I should like you to see them some time”
Authors: Stobo Victoria , Patterson Kerry , Erickson Kristofer , Deazley Ronan 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe inability of cultural institutions to make available digital reproductions of collected material highlights a shortcoming with the existing copyright framework in a number of national jurisdictions. Overlapping efforts to remedy the situation were recently undertaken in the form of EU Directive 2012/28/EU, the “Orphan Works” directive, and a new licensing scheme introduced by the UK Intellectual Property Office (UKIPO). The purpose of this paper is to empirically evaluate both the EU and UK policy approaches, drawing on data collected during a live rights clearance simulation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors attempted to clear rights in a sample of 432 items contained in the mixed-media Edwin Morgan Scrapbooks collection held by the University of Glasgow Library. Data were collected on the resource costs incurred at each stage of the rights clearance process, from initial audit of the collection, through to compliance with diligent search requirements under EU Directive 2012/28/EU and the UKIPO licensing procedures.FindingsComparing results against the two current policy options for the use of orphan works, the authors find that the UKIPO licensing scheme offers a moderate degree of legal certainty but also the highest cost to institutions (the cost of diligent search in addition to licence fees). The EU exception to copyright provides less legal certainty in the case of rightsholder re-emergence, but also retains high diligent search costs. Both policy options may be suitable for institutions wishing to make use of a small number of high-risk works, but neither approach is currently suitable for mass digitisation.Research limitations/implicationsThis rights clearance exercise is focussed on a single case study with unique properties (with a high proportion of partial works embedded in a work of bricolage). Consequently, the results obtained in this study reflect differences from simulation studies on other types of orphan works. However, by adopting similar methodological and reporting standards to previous empirical studies, the authors can compare rights clearance costs between collections of different works.Originality/valueThis study is the first to empirically assess the 2014 UK orphan works licensing scheme from an institutional perspective. The authors hope that it will contribute to an understanding of how policy could more effectively assist libraries and archives in their digitisation efforts.
Designing an inference engine for assessment of researchers’ maturity using rough set theory
Authors: Karimi Tooraj , Sadeghi Moghadam Mohammad Reza , Mardani Amirhosein 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to design an expert system that gets data from researchers and determines their maturity level. This system can be used for determining researchers’ support programs as well as a tool for researchers in research-based organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
This study focuses on designing the inference engine as a component of an expert system. To do so, rough set theory is used to design rule models. Various complete, discretizing and reduction algorithms are used in this paper, and different models were run.

Findings
The proposed inference engine has the validity of 99.8 per cent, and the most important attributes to determine the maturity level of researchers in this model are “commitment to research” and “attention to research plan timeline”.

Research limitations/implications
To accurately determine researchers’ maturity model, solely referring to documents and self-reports may reduce the validation. More validation could be reached through using assessment centers for determining capabilities of samples and observations in each maturity level.

Originality/value
The assessment system for the professional maturity of researchers is an appropriate tool for funders to support researchers. This system helps the funders to rank, validate and direct researchers. Furthermore, it is a valid criterion for researchers to evaluate and improve their abilities. There is not any expert system to assess the researches in literature, and all models, frameworks and software are conceptual or self-assessment.
Antecedents and consequences of social networking site knowledge sharing by seniors
Authors: Chang I-Chiu , Chang Chia-Hui , Lian Jiunn-Woei , Wang Ming-Wei 
Published: January 2018

PurposeUnderstanding elders’ experience and knowledge-sharing behaviors online have become significant issues in this aging society. In this study, the purpose of this paper is to summarize and validate the factors that influence the intention of elders to share knowledge online, and assess whether seniors’ knowledge-sharing behaviors affect their sense of meaning in life.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 49 senior students were invited as participants to join the social networking site (SNS) and share knowledge on the platform. After a month of knowledge-sharing activities, questionnaires were distributed to all the participants. All the 49 participants returned completed questionnaires. To verify the results obtained via the above quantitative data analysis, follow-up interviews were conducted with one popular computer instructor and four seniors (who are experienced users of the SNS). Open-ended questions were employed to understand the motivations for sharing knowledge in a virtual community and the benefits obtained from sharing.FindingsThe results indicate that sharing vision, community identification, and social interaction ties are the main factors that influence the sharing of knowledge by seniors on SNSs. In addition, sharing knowledge on SNSs has a positive influence on seniors’ meaning in life. Follow-up interviews conducted also validate the results obtained.Originality/valueUnderstanding elders’ experience and knowledge-sharing behaviors online have become significant issues in this aging society. It can not only benefit younger generations but also enable them to age gracefully. Rare SNSs similar to the one used in the study were found on the Facebook during our research.
Recovery linked to life history of sessile epifauna following exclusion of towed mobile fishing gear
Authors: Kaiser Michel J. , Hormbrey Samantha , Booth Jonathan R. , Hinz Hilmar , Hiddink Jan G. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

The use of reserves as conservation tools is widespread. However, evaluating the effectiveness of reserve implementation for long‐lived species has been problematic as it requires sampling programmes over long timescales that are appropriate to species' longevity and recovery rates. In the sea, towed bottom fishing gears alter the biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by benthic communities and habitats. Marine reserves have been used to manage these impacts but our understanding of the drivers of their effectiveness for the conservation of temperate reefs is incomplete.

We examined the effectiveness of marine reserves for recovery of temperate reef fauna in relation to their life history. We used an underwater video to sample six species with different life histories across 60 sites that varied in the duration of protection from towed mobile fishing gear at 0, 1, 8 and 10 years.

Species with a high dispersal potential and less habitat specific requirements such as soft corals and king scallops recovered to close to their carrying capacity in <3 years. In contrast, the longer‐lived Ross coral and pink seafans increased in abundance but had not fully recovered; with their projected recovery time being 17–20 years.

Ongoing recovery was evident for long‐lived species as their mean body size increased significantly across all treatments, whereas shorter‐lived species such as queen scallops did not change in size and were assumed to have fully recovered.

Synthesis and applications. This study shows that the recovery rates of biota depend on life‐history factors, such as larval longevity and dispersal potential. Recovery for species that had low dispersal potential and specific habitat requirements was slow and could take >20 years. This suggests activities such as bottom trawling or dredging should be avoided where such species occur if their conservation is an objective. In contrast, species with high dispersal potential and less habitat specific requirements had shorter recovery timescales of c. 2‐3 years and would be more amenable to managed trawl frequencies in areas where activities such as fishing occur.
Back and forth Wolbachia transfers reveal efficient strains to control spotted wing drosophila populations
Authors: Cattel Julien , Nikolouli Katerina , Andrieux Thibault , Martinez Julien , Jiggins Francis , Charlat Sylvain , Vavre Fabrice , Lejon David , Gibert Patricia , Mouton Laurence 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Since its recent invasion of the European and American continents, the spotted wing Drosophila Drosophila suzukii has become a burden of the fruit industry. Armed with a highly sclerotized ovipositor, females can lay eggs in a wider variety of ripening and healthy fruits than other Drosophila species. Economic losses due to D. suzukii reach millions of dollars annually and methods to control natural populations in the field mainly rely on the use of chemical pesticides.

We tested if Wolbachia bacteria represents a potential ally to control this pest. These symbionts are naturally present in many insects and often induce a form of conditional sterility called cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI): the offspring of infected males die, unless the eggs are rescued by the compatible infection, inherited from the mother that protects the embryo. A long‐recognized strategy called the incompatible insect technique (IIT) makes use of the CI phenotype to control insect populations through the mass release of infected males. To implement this technique in D. suzukii, we used back and forth Wolbachia transfers between D. suzukii and Drosophila simulans to identify Wolbachia strains that can sterilize D. suzukii females despite the presence of wSuz, a natural Wolbachia infection in this species.

We identified two Wolbachia strains as potential candidates for developing IIT in D. suzukii. Both induce a very high level of CI in this pest which is not attenuated by the presence of wSuz in females. Moreover, the newly transferred Wolbachia do not affect the fitness or the mating competitiveness of the sterilizing males.

Synthesis and applications. However, several critical steps still need to be tested and developed outside the laboratory to achieve the control of Drosophila suzukii using Incompatible Insect Technique. By an experimental approach in large population cages, we showed that releases of transinfected males limit population size. Thus, we provide in this study the proof of concept that this technique can be a very promising approach to control Drosophila suzukii populations.
Land Tax Changes and Full Capitalisation
Authors: Høj Anne Kristine , Jørgensen Mads Rahbek , Schou Poul 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe use a unique data set to examine the extent to which changes in the Danish land tax are capitalised into house prices. The Danish local government reform in 2007, which caused tax increases in some municipalities and tax decreases in others, provides plenty of exogenous variation, thus eliminating endogeneity problems. The results imply full capitalisation of the present value of future taxes under reasonable assumptions about discount rates. Consequently, the paper gives an empirical confirmation of two striking consequences of a land tax. First, it does not distort economic decisions because it does not distort the user cost of land. Second, the full incidence of a permanent land tax change lies on the owner at the time of the (announcement of the) tax change; future owners, even though they officially pay the recurrent taxes, are not affected as they are fully compensated via a corresponding change in the acquisition price of the asset.
Life‐Cycle Expenditure and Retirees’ Cost of Living
Authors: Lluberas Rodrigo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is twofold. First, we document the expenditure life‐cycle profile in the United Kingdom and show how differences in the consumption bundle of retirees and workers translate into different inflation experiences. Albeit different in given years, the inflation experienced by the two groups is not significantly different over a long time period. We also show how the distribution of household inflation evolved over time, with particular emphasis on the period around the latest financial crisis. Second, we estimate an Exact Affine Stone Index (EASI) demand system and compute the change in the cost of living and the substitution effect for both retirees and workers for the period 1990–2014. Finally, we show how pension income would evolve during that period under three alternative indexation measures for different cohorts of retirees. The indexation measure that results in the highest pension income depends on the time of retirement.
Impact of Th1/Th2 cytokine polarity induced by invariant NKT cells on the incidence of pregnancy loss in mice
Authors: Hoya Mari , Nagamatsu Takeshi , Fujii Tatsuya , Schust Danny J. , Oda Hiroko , Akiba Naoya , Iriyama Takayuki , Kawana Kei , Osuga Yutaka , Fujii Tomoyuki 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association of Th1/Th2 polarity induced by CD1d‐restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells with pregnancy outcome.MethodsTwo types of iNKT cell stimulants with different cytokine induction properties, alpha‐galactosylceramide (AGC; Th1‐biased inducer), and a sphingosine‐truncated derivative of AGC (OCH; Th2‐biased inducer) were administered to pregnant mice on day 9.5 post‐coitus (pc), and the incidence of pregnancy loss was evaluated. Serum Th1/Th2 cytokine levels after the iNKT cell stimulations were assessed. Cytokine production from cultured splenocytes following iNKT cell activation was analyzed.ResultsNo fetal loss was observed after OCH administration, in clear contrast with the high frequency of pregnancy loss after AGC exposure. High serum levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10 were detected upon OCH administration, whereas a temporary surge of IFN‐γ was observed after AGC administration. In splenocyte cultures, increases in IL‐4 and IL‐10 were noted after OCH administration, whereas IL‐12 production was enhanced by AGC. Additionally, AGC‐induced pregnancy loss was inhibited by IL‐4 administration.ConclusionThe resistance of mouse pregnancy to iNKT cell stimulation by OCH and the prevention of AGC‐induced fetal loss by IL‐4 were demonstrated. In pregnancy, the regulation of Th1/Th2 polarity by iNKT cells is a key to healthy fetal growth.
Coffee, tea and caffeine consumption and risk of primary infertility in women: a Danish cohort study
Authors: Í Soylu Lív , Jensen Allan , Juul Kirsten E. , Kesmodel Ulrik S. , Frederiksen Kirsten , Kjaer Susanne K. , Hargreave Marie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate whether consumption of coffee, tea and caffeine affects the risk of primary infertility in women.Material and methodsWe selected nulliparous Danish women aged 20–29 years from a prospective cohort and retrieved information on coffee and tea consumption from a questionnaire and an interview at enrollment. We assessed the women's fertility by linkage to the Danish Infertility Cohort and retrieved information on children and vital status from the Civil Registration System. All 7574 women included for analysis were followed for primary infertility from the date of enrollment (1991–1993) until 31 December 2010. Analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsDuring follow up, primary infertility was diagnosed in 822 women. Compared with never consumers, the risk of primary infertility among women who drank coffee or tea was not affected. The risk of primary infertility was neither associated with an increasing number of daily servings of coffee (hazard ratio 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.97–1.03) or tea (hazard ratio 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99–1.03) in consumers only. Concerning total caffeine consumption (from coffee and tea), the risk of infertility was similar among consumers compared with never consumers. Finally, none of the additional daily 100 mg of caffeine affected the risk among consumers only (hazard ratio 1.00; 95% CI 0.98–1.02).ConclusionsIn this population‐based cohort study, not restricted to women seeking pregnancy, we found no association between coffee, tea or total caffeine consumption and the risk of primary infertility in women.
Italian multicentre study found infectious and vaccine‐preventable diseases in children adopted from Africa and recommends prompt medical screening
Authors: Chiappini Elena , Zaffaroni Mauro , Bianconi Martina , Veneruso Giuseppina , Grasso Nicolino , Garazzino Silvia , Arancio Rosangela , Valentini Piero , Ficcadenti Anna , Da Riol Maria Rosalia , La Placa Simona , Galli Luisa , de Martino Maurizio , Bona Gianni 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the prevalence of infectious diseases and immunisation status of children adopted from Africa.MethodsWe studied 762 African children referred to 11 Italian paediatric centres in 2009–2015. Clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively collected and analysed.ResultsThe median age of the children (60.3% males) was 3 years and 6 months, 52.6% came from Ethiopia and 50.1% had at least one infectious disease. Parasitic infections accounted for the majority of the infectious diseases (409 of 715), and the most common were Giardia lamblia (n = 239), Toxocara canis (n = 65) and skin infections (n = 205), notably Tinea capitis/corporis (n = 134) and Molluscum contagiosum (n = 56) Active tuberculosis (TB) was diagnosed in nine children (1.2%). Latent TB infections were diagnosed in 52 (6.8%) children, and only 23 had concordant positive tuberculin skin tests and Quantiferon Gold In‐Tube results. Discordant results were associated with Bacille de Calmette‐Guérin vaccinations (odd ratio 6.30 and 95% confidence interval of 1.01–39.20, p = 0.011). Nonprotective antitetanus or antihepatitis B antibody titres were documented in 266 (34.9%) and 396 (51.9%) of the 762 children.ConclusionThe prevalence of infectious conditions and not‐protective titres for vaccine‐preventable diseases observed in our population underlines the need for prompt and complete medical screening of children adopted from Africa.
3D Geological modelling and gravity inversion of a structurally complex carbonate area: application for karstified massif localization
Authors: Husson Eglantine , Guillen Antonio , Séranne Michel , Courrioux Gabriel , Couëffé Renaud 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a new methodology to improve the location of potential karstified areas by gravity inversion of a 3D geological model. A geological 3D model is built from surface observations, 2D seismic reflection profiles and well data. The reliability of this geological 3D model obtained from integration, interpretation and interpolation of such data is first tested against the structural consistency of the model. Its theoretical gravimetric response is compared to gravity field during the forward problem in order to evaluate the validity/robustness of the geological model. The coherency between the gravity field and the gravimetric response is tested. The litho‐inversion modelling quantifies the distribution of rock density in a probabilistic way, taking into account the geology and physical properties of rocks, while respecting the geological structures represented in the 3D model. The result of the inversion process provides a density distribution within carbonate formations that can be discussed in term of karstification distribution. Thus, lower densities correlate with areas that are strongly karstified. Conversely, higher than mean densities are found in carbonate formations mostly located under marly and impervious formations, preserving carbonate from karstification and paleokarstification.