bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New reference centiles for boys' height, weight and body mass index used voice break as the marker of biological age
Authors: Mumm Rebekka , Hermanussen Michael , Scheffler Christiane 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimWe aimed to develop the first references for body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) for boys based on the individual developmental tempo with respect to their voice break status.MethodsWe re‐analysed data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS study) on body height, body weight and body mass index based on the voice break, or mutation, in 3956 boys aged 10–17 years. We used the LMS method to construct smoothed references centiles for the studied variables in premutational, mutational and postmutational boys.ResultsBody height, body weight and BMI differed significantly (p < 0.001) between the different stages of voice break. On average, boys were 5.9 cm taller, 5.8 kg heavier and had a 0.7 kg/m² higher BMI with every higher stage of voice break. Currently used growth references for chronological age in comparison with maturity‐related references led to an average of 5.4% of boys being falsely classified as overweight.ConclusionThese newly developed growth references allowed convenient classifications of underweight and overweight or obese boys with respect to their voice break status. They should be added to currently used references centiles for the body mass index to avoid misclassifying boys' weight.
The half‐life and exposure of cefuroxime varied in newborn infants after a Caesarean section
Authors: Zachariassen G , Hyldig N , Joergensen JS , Nielsen DS , Greisen G 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimNo information was available on how fast intravenous cefuroxime administered to pregnant women before a Caesarean section was cleared in newborn infants. This study investigated the drug's half‐life and the exposure of healthy newborn infants after their mothers received the drug.MethodsHealthy mothers received a single dose of cefuroxime 15–60 minutes before skin incision. One blood sample was drawn from the umbilical cord, and two blood samples were drawn from the infant after delivery. Total plasma cefuroxime (μg/mL) was measured using high‐pressure liquid chromatography.ResultsCefuroxime was given to 22 mothers, including two who had twins. The concentration of cefuroxime varied significantly among infants (p < 0.001), while the rate of decline did not (p = 0.24). The median cefuroxime half‐life was 3.5 hours (range 2.9–5.5), which was approximately three times longer than in normal adults and seemed to clear within 24 hours. The median area under the concentration–time curve was 65.0 hour μg/mL (range 31.7–162.4).ConclusionWe found that the cefuroxime half‐life after a Caesarean section varied among infants and was longer than in normal adults but cleared within 24 hours. Exposure to cefuroxime in newborn infants may influence the gut microbiota and should be investigated further.
Characteristics and outcomes of critically ill children following emergency transport by a specialist paediatric transport team
Authors: Hamrin Tova Hannegård , Berner Jonas , Eksborg Staffan , Radell Peter J. , Fläring Urban 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimWe compared acute patients admitted to a single paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) following an emergency transfer by a specialist paediatric transport team and by other routes.MethodsThis was a retrospective descriptive register‐based study of consecutive admissions to a tertiary PICU in Sweden from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2013. We compared the general characteristics of the cohorts, together with predicted death rates (PDR), PICU mortality, 30‐day mortality, PICU length of stay (PICU LOS) and resource use.ResultsOf the 3665 nonelective admissions, 221 patients received emergency transport from referring hospitals to the PICU by the specialist paediatric transport team. Their median age was lower (146 versus 482 days), PDR was higher (5.58% versus 1.39%), PICU LOS was longer (4.24 days versus 1.06 days), and they received more PICU‐specific therapies. The standardised mortality ratio did not differ between the cohorts, and the PICU mortality was lower than predicted in both groups. The transport distance and mode of transport did not influence survival.ConclusionChildren admitted to the PICU following emergency transfers by the specialist paediatric transport team were younger, sicker, received more PICU‐specific therapies and had longer PICU LOS than other acutely admitted critically ill patients. This indicates that these transfers were appropriate.
Signal transduction pathways activated by insulin‐like peptide 5 at the relaxin family peptide RXFP4 receptor
Authors: Ang Sheng Y , Hutchinson Dana S , Patil Nitin , Evans Bronwyn A , Bathgate Ross A D , Halls Michelle L , Hossain Mohammed A , Summers Roger J , Kocan Martina 
Published: May 2016

Background and PurposeInsulin‐like peptide 5 (INSL5) is a two‐chain, three‐disulfide‐bonded peptide of the insulin/relaxin superfamily, uniquely expressed in enteroendocrine L‐cells of the colon. It is the cognate ligand of relaxin family peptide RXFP4 receptor that is mainly expressed in the colorectum and enteric nervous system. This study identifies new signalling pathways activated by INSL5 acting on RXFP4 receptors.Experimental ApproachINSL5/RXFP4 receptor signalling was investigated using AlphaScreen® proximity assays. Recruitment of Gαi/o proteins by RXFP4 receptors was determined by rescue of Pertussis toxin (PTX)‐inhibited cAMP and ERK1/2 responses following transient transfection of PTX‐insensitive Gαi/o C351I mutants. Cell proliferation was studied with bromodeoxyuridine. RXFP4 receptor interactions with β‐arrestins, GPCR kinase 2 (GRK2), KRas and Rab5a was assessed with real‐time BRET. Gene expression was investigated using real‐time quantitative PCR. Insulin release was measured using HTRF and intracellular Ca2+ flux monitored in a Flexstation® using Fluo‐4‐AM.Key ResultsINSL5 inhibited forskolin‐stimulated cAMP accumulation and increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, Akt Ser473, Akt Thr308 and S6 ribosomal protein. cAMP and ERK1/2 responses were abolished by PTX and rescued by mGαoA, mGαoB and mGαi2 and to a lesser extent mGαi1 and mGαi3. RXFP4 receptors interacted with GRK2 and β‐arrestins, moved towards Rab5a and away from KRas, indicating internalisation following receptor activation. INSL5 inhibited glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion and Ca2+ mobilisation in MIN6 insulinoma cells and forskolin‐stimulated cAMP accumulation in NCI‐H716 enteroendocrine cells.Conclusions and ImplicationsKnowledge of signalling pathways activated by INSL5 at RXFP4 receptors is essential for understanding the biological roles of this novel gut hormone.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Progress in the Understanding of Relaxin Family Peptides and their Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.10/issuetoc
Sry‐like high‐mobility group box antibody‐related paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in the background of underlying non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Onder Halil , Kurtulan Olcay 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundParaneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are defined as all non‐metastatic neurological complications of cancer in which no other etiologies, such as vascular, infectious or metabolic, were determined. Recently, Sry‐like high‐mobility group box (SOX1) antibody associated with PNS has been described, and is associated with Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy invariably in the background of underlying small‐cell lung cancer.Case presentationA 75‐year‐old man was admitted to our neurology clinic at Hacettepe University Hospital, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey with complaints of imbalance and memory impairment that had started 2 months earlier and progressively increased. Neurological examination showed a state of delirium in the background of rapid progressive dementia and severely truncal ataxia. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging was unremarkable; however, in further investigations, thoracic tomography yielded bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, and paraneoplastic antibody investigations resulted in positive SOX1 antibody. The following thoracic excisional lymph node biopsy investigations supported the diagnosis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with SOX1 antibody in the background of non‐small‐cell lung cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy was started, but the patient deteriorated, which prevented proper plasmapheresis therapy. He died in the second month of admission as a result of severe sepsis leading to septic shock.ConclusionsHere, we show the second case diagnosed with PNS in association with non‐small‐cell lung cancer. We note the importance of SOX1 antibody as a marker for PNS, and suggest that investigations of this antibody be carried out in larger case studies.
Patients’ perceptions of implant placement surgery, the post‐surgical healing and the transitional implant prostheses: a qualitative study
Authors: Kashbour Wafa A. , Rousseau Nikki , Thomason J. Mark , Ellis Janice S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to explore patients’ thoughts, feelings about, and experiences of, implant placement surgery (IPS), the post‐surgical healing stage and the immediate post‐surgical transitional implant prosthesis (TIP) (fixed and removable).MethodsA qualitative study design was chosen and 38 semi‐structured telephone and face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 34 patients at different stages of implant treatment. The interviews were transcribed verbatim; the data collection and coding process followed the principles of thematic analysis, which was facilitated through the use of NVivo10.ResultsPatients anticipated that surgery would be painful and unpleasant but were prepared to accept this temporary discomfort for the expected benefits of implant treatment. However, a key finding was that patients felt they had overestimated the trauma of surgery but underestimated the discomfort and difficulties of the healing phase. A number of difficulties were also identified with the TIP phase following implant surgery.ConclusionExisting research has tended to focus on the longer term benefits of dental implant treatment. This qualitative study has investigated in‐depth patients’ perceptions of dental implant surgery, including their experiences related to sedation, and of transitional implant restoration. While patients felt their concerns were overestimated in relation to the implant surgery, they experienced greater morbidity than they expected in the healing phase. Recommendations are made for relatively small changes in care provision which might improve the overall patient experience. Partial dentate patients treated with a fixed transitional prosthesis experienced advantages more quickly than patients with an overdenture.
Obesity‐related health status is a better predictor of pregnancy with fertility treatment than body mass index: a prospective study
Authors: Paterson N. , Sharma A. M. , Maxwell C. , Greenblatt E. M. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis study assessed whether an obesity‐related health status instrument (Edmonton obesity scoring system – EOSS) or body mass index (BMI) better predicted pregnancy rates in overweight women undergoing fertility treatments. A prospective cohort study was conducted on patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg m−2 undergoing a fertility treatment cycle (ovulation induction, superovulation, or in vitro fertilization). Obesity‐related health status including blood pressure, blood work, health history, and functional assessment were assessed. A total of 101 patients were included in the study with an average age of 36.3 ± 4.2 years and a mean BMI of 31.8 ± 5.2 kg m−2. EOSS was found to be statistically predictive of pregnancy rate/cycle (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.27–0.94; P = 0.03), whereas BMI was not (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.86–1.05). A similar trend was seen for clinical pregnancy rate/cycle started. However, the association between clinical pregnancy rates and EOSS or BMI did not reach statistical significance (OR 0.53, P = 0.06 and OR 0.98, P = 0.62 respectively). Our results demonstrated that EOSS better predicted pregnancy rates after fertility treatments than BMI. In fact, for every EOSS stage increased by one unit, the odds of pregnancy were approximately halved. A multi‐centre study powered for live birth is warranted to establish effective pre‐fertility management of overweight women.
A potential role for N‐acetylcysteine in the management of methamphetamine dependence
Authors: McKetin Rebecca , Dean Olivia M. , Baker Amanda L. , Carter Greg , Turner Alyna , Kelly Peter J. , Berk Michael 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMethamphetamine dependence is a growing problem in Australia and globally. Currently, there are no approved pharmacotherapy options for the management of methamphetamine dependence. N‐acetylcysteine is one potential pharmacotherapy option. It has received growing attention as a therapy for managing addictions because of its capacity to restore homeostasis to brain glutamate systems disrupted in addiction and thereby reduce craving and the risk of relapse. N‐acetylcysteine also has antioxidant properties that protect against methamphetamine‐induced toxicity and it may therefore assist in the management of the neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive effects of methamphetamine. This commentary overviews the actions of N‐acetylcysteine and evidence for its efficacy in treating addiction with a particular focus on its potential utility for methamphetamine dependence. We conclude that the preliminary evidence indicates a need for full‐scale trials to definitively establish whether N‐acetylcysteine has a therapeutic benefit and the nature of this benefit, for managing methamphetamine dependence. [McKetin R, Dean O, Baker A. L, Carter G, Turner A, Kelly P. J, Berk M. A potential role for N‐acetylcysteine in the management of methamphetamine dependence. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:153–159]
Perceived unmet need and barriers to care amongst street‐involved people who use illicit drugs
Authors: Hyshka Elaine , Anderson Jalene Tayler , Wild T. Cameron 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsResearch on perceived unmet need for care for mental health and substance use problems focuses on general populations to the detriment of hidden populations. This study describes prevalence and correlates of perceived unmet need for care in a community‐based sample of street‐involved people who use illicit drugs and identifies barriers to care.Design and MethodsA sample of 320 street‐involved people who use drugs participated in a structured, interviewer‐assisted survey in Edmonton, Canada. The survey included the Perceived Need for Care Questionnaire, which assessed unmet need for care for mental health and substance use problems across seven service types. Logistic regression examined the associations between perceived unmet need, extent of socioeconomic marginalisation and problem severity. Barriers underlying unmet service needs were also examined.ResultsMost (82%) participants reported unmet need for one or more services during the past year. Odds of reporting one or more unmet needs were elevated amongst participants reporting substantial housing instability (adjusted odds ratio = 2.37; 95% confidence interval 1.19–4.28) and amongst participants meeting criteria for drug dependence (adjusted odds ratio = 1.22; 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.50), even after adjustment for sociodemographic covariates. Structural, rather than motivational barriers were the most commonly reported reasons underlying unmet service needs.Discussion and ConclusionStreet‐involved people who use drugs experience very high rates of perceived unmet need for care for mental health and substance use problems. General population studies on perceived unmet need are insufficient for understanding needs and barriers to care in hidden populations.[Hyshka E, Anderson JT, Wild TC. Perceived unmet need and barriers to care amongst street‐involved people who use illicit drugs. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:295–304]
Six1 is required for mouse dental follicle cell and human periodontal ligament‐derived cell proliferation
Authors: Kawasaki Tatsuki , Takahashi Masanori , Yajima Hiroshi , Mori Yoshiyuki , Kawakami Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2016

The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a connective tissue that attaches the tooth cementum to the alveolar bone and is derived from dental follicle cells (DFCs). The DFCs form fibroblasts, osteoblasts, cementoblasts, and PDL stem cells (PDLSCs). We previously reported homeobox transcription factor Six1 expression in mouse DFCs. However, the role of Six1 in periodontal tissue development is largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed SIX1 expression in mouse periodontal tissue cells during postnatal development and adulthood. We also addressed the role of SIX1 in mouse periodontium development and in human cultured PDL‐derived cells (PDLCs). In mouse development, SIX1 production was abundant in DFCs and PDL cells by 2 weeks, but it was greatly diminished in the PDL at 4 weeks and in adults. Although the SIX1‐positive cell distribution was sparse in the adult PDL, SIX1‐positive cells were observed with low expression levels. We used 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) for cell labeling to reveal numerous EdU/SIX1‐double positive cells at 2 weeks; however, a few EdU‐positive cells remained at 4 weeks. The proportion of DFCs that incorporated EdU was significantly lower in Six1‐deficient mice compared with wild‐type mice at E18.5. In human PDLCs, SIX1 was intensely expressed, and SIX1‐knockdown using siRNA reduced proliferating PDLCs. Our results suggest that SIX1 is a key proliferation regulator in mouse DFCs and human PDLCs, which provides novel insight into Six family gene function in mammals.
Incidence of crown fracture and risk factors in the primary dentition: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Corrêa‐Faria Patrícia , Paiva Saul Martins , Ramos‐Jorge Maria Letícia , Pordeus Isabela Almeida 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground/AimFew studies have assessed the incidence and risk factors to crown fractures in preschool children. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of crown fracture in the primary dentition over a 1‐year follow‐up period, identify risk factors, and test the hypothesis that children with previous crown fracture are more prone to experience further cases of crown fracture independently of other risk factors.Materials and MethodsThis study was developed in two phases: cross‐sectional and prospective longitudinal study. The cross‐sectional study was carried out 261 preschool children. The prospective longitudinal study was carried out 194 children allocated to two groups: exposed group (children with prior exposure to crown fracture) and non‐exposed group (children without prior exposure). On both occasions, children were examined for the diagnosis of crown fracture and evaluation of lip coverage and overjet. The parents were interviewed with regard to the socioeconomic indicators. New cases of crown fracture were identified based on the comparison of the two examinations. Data analysis involved Pearson's chi‐square test, McNemar's test, and Poisson regression with robust variance.ResultsAmong the 261 children who participated in the cross‐sectional study, 194 were re‐examined (65 in the exposed group and 129 in the non‐exposed group). The overall incidence of crown fracture was 55.7% (n = 108). The difference in percentage of increased risk of crown fracture in exposed and non‐exposed groups was 13.4%. A greater incidence of crown fracture was found in the exposed group (64.6%; P < 0,001). The children exposed (RR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.01–1.67) had a greater risk of developing new cases of crown fracture in comparison with the non‐exposed group.ConclusionThe incidence of crown fracture was high and children with previous crown fracture had a greater risk of suffering new cases of crown fracture during the 1‐year follow‐up period.
When the State Becomes Part of the Exploitation: Migrants’ Agency within the Institutional Constraints in Australia
Authors: Li Yao‐Tai , Whitworth Katherine 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStudies have shown the unequal treatments temporary migrants face in the processes of immigration. In Australia for a short period of time and not citizens, they face conditions that allow for employer exploitation. This article is interested in exploring how institutional structures shape and normalize the choices that migrants make to work in the cash economy or other exploitative conditions. To do this, we take PRC‐Chinese, Taiwanese, and Hong Kongese temporary migrants who hold either a student or Working Holiday visa in Australia as an example. Focusing on the policymaking process, we argue that the policy outcomes produced by visa restrictions placed on international students and Working Holiday Makers sometimes do not reach an ideal outcome and at times even exacerbate problems identified in the input stage of the policy process. Such institutional effects result in a more vulnerable and exploitable situation for temporary migrants in Australia's labour market.
Development of research discourses: a conceptual map
Authors: Freshwater Dawn , Cahill Jane 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to discuss: (1) how methodologies are constructed and perpetuated in the context of research paradigms; (2) what exactly constitutes a paradigm; (3) how the proposed conceptual map of discourse development provides a new and original method for understanding knowledge production.BackgroundIn nursing research, methodologies are constructed by several external and internal contextually driven influences. Our focus is on how two methodological paradigms – evidence‐based practice and mixed methods – continue to impact and be impacted by patterns of knowledge production.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesThis discussion is based on our own experiences and supported by literature and theory using examples from the two paradigms to illustrate how discourses are developed, perpetuated and deconstructed and how these have specific impacts on qualitative nursing research.Implications for nursingThe conceptual map should be used to cultivate an awareness in practitioners, researchers and policy makers of how discourses surrounding research evidence and research practices are generated. This level of awareness will facilitate critical reflection on how certain practices assume dominance, potentially leading to hegemony in nursing research, practice and scholarship.ConclusionThis research offers a critical examination of the meaning of paradigms and a meta‐perspective on the production and practice of methodologies using a conceptual map of discourse development as a heuristic device. We anticipate that these examples will encourage debate and discussion on how methodologies and paradigms are perpetuated in academia and the impact this has on nursing knowledge.