bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zwischen Kooptation und Repression: Die ägyptische LehrerInnenbewegung auf ihrem schweren Weg zur Emanzipation
Authors: Zaher Ain El Hayat 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Bereits vor dem Aufstand im Januar und Februar 2011 und dem damit verbundenen Rücktritt von Hosni Mubarak gründeten sich in Ägypten unabhängige Gewerkschaften, zwei davon waren LehrerInnengewerkschaften. Seit den 1950er Jahren (unter dem sozialistischen Präsidenten Gamal Abd El Nasser) bis in das Jahr 2010 gab es für Lehrerinnen und Lehrer nur eine Staatsgewerkschaft, die nicht die Interessen der LehrerInnen vertrat, sondern vielmehr als verlängerter Arm des Staates fungierte. Der Beitrag analysiert Bewusstseins- und Lernprozesse in der ägyptischen LehrerInnenbewegung, die sowohl die Bildungspolitik als auch die berufliche Interessensvertretung umfasst. Unterschiedliche Organisationen werden hinsichtlich ihrer Ansätze zur beruflichen Interessensvertretung und ihrer Einstellung zur gewerkschaftlichen Organisierung verglichen. Dabei wird ein besonderer Schwerpunkt auf die Auseinandersetzung mit den alten Strukturen gelegt und herausgearbeitet, welchen Einfluss das jahrzehntelang herrschende autoritäre, korporatistische Regime auf die derzeitigen Organisationen hat. Neben Organisationskompetenzen sind hier auch Kompetenzen im Kommunikationsprozess gefragt und werden entsprechend untersucht: Konflikte und Widersprüche sind nicht nur auf Ebene der Organisationsfrage zu verzeichnen, sondern auch in Bezug auf Strategiefragen.
Neue Fragen in der gereiften Bürgergesellschaft
Authors: Hummel Konrad 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In seinem Beitrag zeigt Konrad Hummel auf, worauf es beim Übergang von der akuten Krisensituation, in der viele Geflüchtete aufgenommen wurden, zu einer strategischen Integration dieser Menschen ankommt. Dabei verschiebt sich der Fokus von der Freiwilligenarbeit auf die Entwicklung funktionierender Kooperationsmuster zwischen den verschiedenen Akteuren vor Ort. Dafür ist es nicht zuletzt notwendig gegenseitiges Vertrauen aufzubauen.
Bleibt Deutschland Deutschland?
Authors: Kusterer Peter 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Peter Kusterer plädiert in seinem Beitrag dafür, die Integration der geflüchteten Menschen als Chance für Deutschland zu sehen, unter anderem dem demografischen Wandel oder auch dem Fachkräftemangel zu begegnen. Zudem sei zunächst auch einmal anzuerkennen, dass bereits vieles geleistet worden sei. Dennoch: Es brauche weniger Prozess- und Detailverliebtheit und vielmehrklarer Strukturen und Pläne innerhalb der Kommunen, damit die Integrationsaufgabe gelingt.
ALS-based wood volume models of forest stands and comparison with forest inventory data
Authors: Arumäe Tauri , Lang Mait 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Airborne laser scanning (ALS) based standing wood volume models were analysed in two contrasting test sites with different forest types in Estonia. In Aegviidu test site main tree species are Scots pine and Norway spruce and Laeva test site is mainly dominated by deciduous species. ALS data measurements were carried out for Aegviidu in 2008 and for Laeva in 2013. Approximately 450 sample plots were established additionally to the forest inventory dataset in both test sites. Exclusive to the sample plots, 46 stands were measured in 2012 in Aegviidu for stand level model. The sample plot-based model standard error in Aegviidu was Se = 59.8 m3/ha (22%) and in Laeva Se = 69.2 m3/ha (29%). The stand-level model based on 46 measured stands from Aegviidu had Se = 38.4 m3/ha. Based on the models a cross-validation between the two test sites was carried out and systematic differences between the two test sites were found. The reasons are related to differences in optical properties of trees, crown shapes, flight configuration and canopy cover even though the sample plot based models included ALS-based canopy cover variable. The ALS-based wood volume estimate was also compared to forest inventory (FI) data and systematically larger estimates compared to FI dataset in both test sites were found. This average systematic error increased substantially (by 100 m3/ha) for stands with volume over 250 m3/ha. It was also detected that a model developed on small point clouds drawn for sample plots may produce systematic errors when applied to stand-level point clouds.
Selecting site characteristics at different spatial and thematic scales for shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa L.) distribution mapping
Authors: Remm Kalle 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The largest natural population of shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa) in the Baltic States was observed in the field to reveal the scale-dependent explanatory value of site characteristics for subsequent spatial distribution modelling of the species. About 700 km was crossed during field observations in 2008–2014. Thinning of the raw field records to ensure a distance of at least 50 metres between each point yielded 1459 presences and 7327 absences. These occurrence data were related to present and historical land cover, soil, elevation, human population density, the proportion of presence sites, and P. fruticosa mean coverage in the neighbourhood. Boosted classification tree models were used to compare the value of 60 individual site features at thematically and spatially different levels of generalization as indicators of the species’ presence or absence. P. fruticosa presence is significantly non-random regarding most of the studied site features but only a few of these are valuable predictors. The proportion of presences in the neighbourhood had the highest indicative value. P. fruticosa occurrence also coincides with moist thin calcareous soils according to the soil map, with larger scrubland patches according to the topographical database, and with tussock areas according to a topographical map from the 1930s. The explanatory value of nominal site characteristics primarily drops when the most indicative category is merged with other classes to form a more general category. Site characteristics calculated at the observation point are not always the most effective predictors for P. fruticosa occurrence – features of the neighbourhood are related to the occurrence as well. The study area was classified into: confirmed absence area, unclear presence/absence area and probable presence area. Subsequent distribution modelling in the unclear area should be targeted on a species presence/absence, while abundance could be the priority within the probable presence area.
Influence mechanism of development effect of forest ecotourism in China
Authors: Liang Hui 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Owing to the abundant forest resources, China is endowed with the advantages of developing forest ecotourism. In order that the forest resources better meet the demand of national tourism, the key is to explore the development condition and effect of forest ecotourism resources. Only with a development plan that accords with the national tourism demand can the economic value of forest ecotourism resources be realized to the greatest degree. In this study, we introduced the structural equation model which could be used to reflect the relationship and influence between variables. In the aspect of tourist satisfaction, we put forward an evaluation model for tourist satisfaction. Then, based on questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews on the tourists from three scenic spots, we analyzed the development effect, quality of talents and support rates of the surrounding residents in the scenic areas. Furthermore, we established an influence mechanism model of the development effect of forest ecotourism resources, with resource factor, principal factor, market factor and macro factor as the influence factors. At last, we put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the optimization of resource development, which could provide policy suggestions for the development of national tourism.
Redistribution population data across a regular spatial grid according to buildings characteristics
Authors: Calka Beata , Bielecka Elzbieta , Zdunkiewicz Katarzyna 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Population data are generally provided by state census organisations at the predefined census enumeration units. However, these datasets very are often required at userdefined spatial units that differ from the census output levels. A number of population estimation techniques have been developed to address these problems. This article is one of those attempts aimed at improving county level population estimates by using spatial disaggregation models with support of buildings characteristic, derived from national topographic database, and average area of a flat. The experimental gridded population surface was created for Opatów county, sparsely populated rural region located in Central Poland. The method relies on geolocation of population counts in buildings, taking into account the building volume and structural building type and then aggregation the people total in 1 km quadrilateral grid. The overall quality of population distribution surface expressed by the mean of RMSE equals 9 persons, and the MAE equals 0.01. We also discovered that nearly 20% of total county area is unpopulated and 80% of people lived on 33% of the county territory.
Earth Observation and Geospatial techniques for Soil Salinity and Land Capability Assessment over Sundarban Bay of Bengal Coast, India
Authors: Das Sumanta , Choudhury Malini Roy , Das Subhasish , Nagarajan M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
To guarantee food security and job creation of small scale farmers to commercial farmers, unproductive farms in the South 24 PGS, West Bengal need land reform program to be restructured and evaluated for agricultural productivity. This study established a potential role of remote sensing and GIS for identification and mapping of salinity zone and spatial planning of agricultural land over the Basanti and Gosaba Islands(808.314sq. km) of South 24 PGS. District of West Bengal. The primary data i.e. soil pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Sodium Absorption ratio (SAR) were obtained from soil samples of various GCP (Ground Control Points) locations collected at 50 mts. intervals by handheld GPS from 0–100 cm depths. The secondary information is acquired from the remotely sensed satellite data (LANDSAT ETM+) in different time scale and digital elevation model. The collected field samples were tested in the laboratory and were validated with Remote Sensing based digital indices analysisover the temporal satellite data to assess the potential changes due to over salinization. Soil physical properties such as texture, structure, depth and drainage condition is stored as attributes in a geographical soil database and linked with the soil map units. The thematic maps are integrated with climatic and terrain conditions of the area to produce land capability maps for paddy. Finally, The weighted overlay analysis was performed to assign theweights according to the importance of parameters taken into account for salineareaidentification and mapping to segregate higher, moderate, lower salinity zonesover the study area.
Improving sub-pixel imperviousness change prediction by ensembling heterogeneous non-linear regression models
Authors: Drzewiecki Wojciech 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In this work nine non-linear regression models were compared for sub-pixel impervious surface area mapping from Landsat images. The comparison was done in three study areas both for accuracy of imperviousness coverage evaluation in individual points in time and accuracy of imperviousness change assessment. The performance of individual machine learning algorithms (Cubist, Random Forest, stochastic gradient boosting of regression trees, k-nearest neighbors regression, random k-nearest neighbors regression, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines, averaged neural networks, and support vector machines with polynomial and radial kernels) was also compared with the performance of heterogeneous model ensembles constructed from the best models trained using particular techniques.
The results proved that in case of sub-pixel evaluation the most accurate prediction of change may not necessarily be based on the most accurate individual assessments. When single methods are considered, based on obtained results Cubist algorithm may be advised for Landsat based mapping of imperviousness for single dates. However, Random Forest may be endorsed when the most reliable evaluation of imperviousness change is the primary goal. It gave lower accuracies for individual assessments, but better prediction of change due to more correlated errors of individual predictions.
Heterogeneous model ensembles performed for individual time points assessments at least as well as the best individual models. In case of imperviousness change assessment the ensembles always outperformed single model approaches. It means that it is possible to improve the accuracy of sub-pixel imperviousness change assessment using ensembles of heterogeneous non-linear regression models.
Problems and methods of calculating the Legendre functions of arbitrary degree and order
Authors: Novikova Elena , Dmitrenko Alexander 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The known standard recursion methods of computing the full normalized associated Legendre functions do not give the necessary precision due to application of IEEE754-2008 standard, that creates a problems of underflow and overflow. The analysis of the problems of the calculation of the Legendre functions shows that the problem underflow is not dangerous by itself. The main problem that generates the gross errors in its calculations is the problem named the effect of “absolute zero”. Once appeared in a forward column recursion, “absolute zero” converts to zero all values which are multiplied by it, regardless of whether a zero result of multiplication is real or not. Three methods of calculating of the Legendre functions, that removed the effect of “absolute zero” from the calculations are discussed here. These methods are also of interest because they almost have no limit for the maximum degree of Legendre functions. It is shown that the numerical accuracy of these three methods is the same. But, the CPU calculation time of the Legendre functions with Fukushima method is minimal. Therefore, the Fukushima method is the best. Its main advantage is computational speed which is an important factor in calculation of such large amount of the Legendre functions as 2 401 336 for EGM2008.
Discriminating Valid from Spurious Indices of Phase-Amplitude Coupling
Authors: Jensen Ole , Spaak Eelke , Park Hyojin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecently there has been a strong interest in cross-frequency coupling, the interaction between neuronal oscillations in different frequency bands. In particular, measures quantifying the coupling between the phase of slow oscillations and the amplitude of fast oscillations have been applied to a wide range of data recorded from animals and humans. Some of the measures applied to detect phase-amplitude coupling have been criticized for being sensitive to nonsinusoidal properties of the oscillations and thus spuriously indicate the presence of coupling. While such instances of spurious identification of coupling have been observed, in this commentary we give concrete examples illustrating cases when the identification of cross-frequency coupling can be trusted. These examples are based on control analyses and empirical observations rather than signal-processing tools. Finally, we provide concrete advice on how to determine when measures of phase-amplitude coupling can be considered trustworthy.
Representations of Pitch and Timbre Variation in Human Auditory Cortex
Authors: Allen Emily J. , Burton Philip C. , Olman Cheryl A. , Oxenham Andrew J. 
Published: December 2016

Pitch and timbre are two primary dimensions of auditory perception, but how they are represented in the human brain remains a matter of contention. Some animal studies of auditory cortical processing have suggested modular processing, with different brain regions preferentially coding for pitch or timbre, whereas other studies have suggested a distributed code for different attributes across the same population of neurons. This study tested whether variations in pitch and timbre elicit activity in distinct regions of the human temporal lobes. Listeners were presented with sequences of sounds that varied in either fundamental frequency (eliciting changes in pitch) or spectral centroid (eliciting changes in brightness, an important attribute of timbre), with the degree of pitch or timbre variation in each sequence parametrically manipulated. The BOLD responses from auditory cortex increased with increasing sequence variance along each perceptual dimension. The spatial extent, region, and laterality of the cortical regions most responsive to variations in pitch or timbre at the univariate level of analysis were largely overlapping. However, patterns of activation in response to pitch or timbre variations were discriminable in most subjects at an individual level using multivoxel pattern analysis, suggesting a distributed coding of the two dimensions bilaterally in human auditory cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPitch and timbre are two crucial aspects of auditory perception. Pitch governs our perception of musical melodies and harmonies, and conveys both prosodic and (in tone languages) lexical information in speech. Brightness—an aspect of timbre or sound quality—allows us to distinguish different musical instruments and speech sounds. Frequency-mapping studies have revealed tonotopic organization in primary auditory cortex, but the use of pure tones or noise bands has precluded the possibility of dissociating pitch from brightness. Our results suggest a distributed code, with no clear anatomical distinctions between auditory cortical regions responsive to changes in either pitch or timbre, but also reveal a population code that can differentiate between changes in either dimension within the same cortical regions.
Visual Population Receptive Fields in People with Schizophrenia Have Reduced Inhibitory Surrounds
Authors: Anderson Elaine J. , Tibber Marc S. , Schwarzkopf D. Sam , Shergill Sukhwinder S. , Fernandez-Egea Emilio , Rees Geraint , Dakin Steven C. 
Published: December 2016

People with schizophrenia (SZ) experience abnormal visual perception on a range of visual tasks, which have been linked to abnormal synaptic transmission and an imbalance between cortical excitation and inhibition. However, differences in the underlying architecture of visual cortex neurons, which might explain these visual anomalies, have yet to be reportedin vivo. Here, we probed the neural basis of these deficits using fMRI and population receptive field (pRF) mapping to infer properties of visually responsive neurons in people with SZ. We employed a difference-of-Gaussian model to capture the center-surround configuration of the pRF, providing critical information about the spatial scale of the pRFs inhibitory surround. Our analysis reveals that SZ is associated with reduced pRF size in early retinotopic visual cortex, as well as a reduction in size and depth of the inhibitory surround in V1, V2, and V4. We consider how reduced inhibition might explain the diverse range of visual deficits reported in SZ.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPeople with schizophrenia (SZ) experience abnormal perception on a range of visual tasks, which has been linked to abnormal synaptic transmission and an imbalance between cortical excitation/inhibition. However, associated differences in the functional architecture of visual cortex neurons have yet to be reportedin vivo. We used fMRI and population receptive field (pRF) mapping to demonstrate that the fine-grained functional architecture of visual cortex in people with SZ differs from unaffected controls. SZ is associated with reduced pRF size in early retinotopic visual cortex largely due to reduced inhibitory surrounds. An imbalance between cortical excitation and inhibition could drive such a change in the center-surround pRF configuration and ultimately explain the range of visual deficits experienced in SZ.
Meningkatkan Kualitas Sumber Daya Insani di Lembaga Kuangan Syariah dalam Menghadapi Persaingan Global
Authors: Al Hasan Fahadil Amin , Maulana Muhammad Irfan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract: Today, Islam economic in Indonesia has experienced significant growth. Unfortunately, that growth is not matched with the qualified of human resources. Human resources is one of the problems faced by Islamic financial institutions, especially if linked to the current era of globalization. This article attempt to find a formulation of how to improve human resources in Islamic financial institutions. This research used a qualitative approach with descriptive data collection techniques. The data used in this study were obtained from the literature (book survey) and also from collection of documentation related to this research. This paper shows that there are two methods that can be used to improve the quality of human resources: (1) building a professional human resource management; and (2) establishing a center for education and training, as well as professional certification for prospective employees and workers in Islamic financial institutions. Abstrak: Saat ini, ekonomi syariah di Indonesia telah mengalami perkembangan yang cukup signifikan. Namun sayangnya, perkembangan tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan sumber daya insani yang terkualifikasi. Sumber daya insani merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh lembaga keuangan syariah, apalagi jika dikaitkan dengan era globalisasi yang sedangan dihadapi. Tulisan ini berusaha untuk mencari suatu formulasi bagaimana meningkatkan sumber daya insani pada lembaga keuangan syariah. Metodelogi yang digunakan pada penulisan makalah ini ialah dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data bersifat deskriptif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari hasil penelusuran secara literatur (book survey), serta pengumpulan dokumentasi yang terkait dengan penelian ini. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa setidaknya ada dua metode yang dapat digunakan dalam meningkatkan kulitas sumber daya insani yaitu: (1) membangun manajeman sumber daya insani yang profesional; dan (2) mendirikan pusat pendidikan dan penelitian, serta sertifikasi profesi bagi calon pekerja dan pekerja lembaga keuangan syariah.Pengutipan: Al Hasan, A. F., Maulna, M. I. (2016). Meningkatkan Kualitas Sumber Daya Insani di Lembaga Kuangan Syariah dalam Menghadapi Persaingan Global. SOSIO DIDAKTIKA: Social Science Education Journal, 3(1), 2016, 27-36. doi:10.15408/sd.v3i1.3795.Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sd.v3i1.3795