bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlations of Objective Metrics for Quantifying Dysfunctional Lens Syndrome With Visual Acuity and Phacodynamics
Authors: Faria-Correia Fernando , Ramos Isaac , Lopes Bernardo , Monteiro Tiago , Franqueira Nuno , Ambrósio Renato 
Published: February 2017

PURPOSE:
To study the relationship between objective metrics for quantifying crystalline lens dysfunction with visual impairment and phacodynamics parameters in age-related nuclear cataracts.

METHODS:
A total of 51 eyes (34 patients) with age-related nuclear cataract had phacoemulsification. The Dysfunctional Lens Index (0 to 10 points) was measured by a ray-tracing aberrometry (iTrace Visual Function Analyzer; Tracey Technologies, Houston, TX). The average lens density (0 to 100) was evaluated using a rotating Scheimpflug system (Pentacam HR; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and the nuclear opalescence score was subjectively assessed using the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). The different parameters for evaluating crystalline lens dysfunction were correlated with preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and cumulative dissipated energy (CDE).

RESULTS:

There was a negative linear correlation between the Dysfunctional Lens Index and the LOCS III nuclear opalescence and Scheimpflug-measured average density (
r
=−0.728 and
r
= −0.771, respectively; both
P
< .01). The preoperative CDVA was correlated with the Scheimpflug-measured lens nuclear density value (
r
= 0.612,
P
< .01) and Dysfunctional Lens Index score A (
r
=−0.670,
P
< .01). The CDE was more strongly correlated with Dysfunctional Lens Index and Scheimpflug-derived average density (
r
=−0.744 and
r
= 0.700, respectively; both
P
< .01) than with LOCS III nuclear opalescence (
r
= 0.646,
P
< .01).

CONCLUSIONS:
The Dysfunctional Lens Index was correlated with the Scheimpflug-measured average density, subjective lens grading, and preoperative CDVA. This metric also presented the highest correlation with phacodynamics. Correlation with other clinical measures related to visual quality and impairment are still needed.

[
J Cataract Refract Surg
. 2017;33(2):79–83.]
Cutting Edge: The Transcription Factor Sox2 Regulates AID Expression in Class-Switched B Cells
Authors: DiMenna Lauren J. , Yen Wei-Feng , Nicolas Laura , Sharma Rahul , Saldanha Zara N. , Chaudhuri Jayanta 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
IgH class switch recombination (CSR) occurs through the deliberate introduction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-instigated DNA double-strand breaks into the IgH loci. Because double-strand breaks are generally highly toxic, mechanisms that regulate AID expression are of much relevance to CSR and genomic integrity; however, effectors of such regulatory processes are still poorly understood. In this article, we show that the transcription factor sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2) is expressed in activated B cells, but almost exclusively in those that have undergone CSR. We demonstrate that enforced expression of Sox2 in splenic B cells severely inhibits AID expression and CSR, whereas deletion of Sox2 increases the frequency of IgH:c-Myc translocations. These results suggest that Sox2 may regulate AID expression in class-switched B cells to suppress genomic instability associated with CSR.
Recursos didácticos y tecnológicos para la enseñanza de la integral definida en el modelo de Universidad Comunitaria Intercultural
Authors: Flores López William Oswaldo , López Mairena Eugenio 
Published: February 2017

Esta investigación ha descrito los recursos didácticos y tecnológicos que el profesorado de matemáticas incorpora en el proceso de enseñanza de la integral definida, la evaluación que el profesorado efectúa, y las dificultades de comprensión en el aprendizaje del estudiantado. Fue un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo sustentado en un estudio de caso, con una muestra de 46 estudiantes del tercer semestre de Administración de Empresas y 12 profesores de Matemáticas de la Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense, Recinto Universitario Nueva Guinea. El análisis se desarrolló con énfasis en las capacidades observadas en el aula de clases, y las argumentaciones en respuesta a los cuestionarios y entrevistas dirigidas al estudiantado y el profesorado. Los resultados sostienen que la incorporación de recursos didácticos y tecnológicos en la enseñanza de la integral definida disminuye las dificultades de comprensión en el aprendizaje, lo que se traduce en que al diseñar e implementar recursos didácticos y tecnológicos, se convierte en un entorno de agrado, motivación y confianza para que el estudiantado resuelva tareas matemáticas, y por tanto, disminuye sus dificultades de aprendizaje. SummaryThis research has described the educational and technological resources that the math teachers incorporates in the process of teaching the definite integral, the evaluation made by the teachers, and the difficulties the students presents in its understanding. It was a quantitative and qualitative study based on a case study, with a sample of 46 students from the third semester of Business Administration and 12 math teachers from the University of the Autonomous Regions of the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua, Nueva Guinea campus. The analysis was developed with emphasis on the capacities observed in the classroom, and the arguments in response to the questionnaires and interviews aimed to students and teaching staff.The results demonstrate that the incorporation of educational and technological resources in the teaching of definite integral reduces the difficulties for a comprehensive learning, which means that when designing and implementing educational and technological resources it can create a pleasing environment full of motivation and confidence in order that the students resolve their mathematical tasks, and therefore decreases their learning difficulties.
Bilateral lower limb paralysis as initial symptom of neurofibromatosis type 2: A case report
Authors: Yamagishi Mitsuru , Takahashi Masaya , Nonaka Masahiro , Someno Yumiko , Nakai Yoko , Noda Yukihiro , Kawasaki Hirohide , Kaneko Kazunari 
Published: February 2017

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple tumors including schwannomas, meningiomas and ependymomas of the central nervous system. Although paresthesias, muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, and gait unsteadiness have been reported as clinical symptoms of spinal tumors, there are no reports of patients with NF2 who developed paralysis. A 7-year-old female consulted with our hospital because of sudden bilateral lower limb paralysis. She had not recognized the abnormalities, including paralysis, paraplegia and muscle weakness of bilateral lower limb before administration. Because of the aggravated bilateral patellar tendon reflexes, Achilles tendon reflexes, and the positive bilateral Babinski reflexes, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spinal cord was performed. MRI revealed multiple spinal tumors in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions. In particular, a 12 mm × 33 mm spinal tumor was present in the thoracic region and was pressing against the spinal cord. Surgery was urgently performed to remove the spinal tumor in the thoracic region. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor was a schwannoma. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the head was performed to explore the intra-cranial lesions: bilateral vestibular schwannomas and tumors in the left oculomotor nerve and right glossopharyngeal nerve were also discovered. Auditory brainstem response was performed to evaluate the bilateral VSs, and the results were normal. Nine months after the surgery, MRI of the head and spinal cord showed that her tumors had not increased in size. This represents the first reported case of NF2 complicated bilateral lower limb paralysis as initial neurological symptom.
A global ocean climatology of preindustrial and modern ocean δ13C
Authors: Eide Marie , Olsen Are , Ninnemann Ulysses S. , Johannessen Truls 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present a global ocean climatology of dissolved inorganic carbon δ13C (‰) corrected for the 13C‐Suess effect, preindustrial δ13C. This was constructed by first using Olsen and Ninnemann's (2010) back‐calculation method on data from 25 World Ocean Circulation Experiment cruises to reconstruct the preindustrial δ13C on sections spanning all major oceans. Next, we developed five multilinear regression equations, one for each major ocean basin, which were applied on the World Ocean Atlas data to construct the climatology. This reveals the natural δ13C distribution in the global ocean. Compared to the modern distribution, the preindustrial δ13C spans a larger range of values. The maxima, of up to 1.8‰, occurs in the subtropical gyres of all basins, in the upper and intermediate waters of the North Atlantic, as well as in mode waters with a Southern Ocean origin. Particularly strong gradients occur at intermediate depths, revealing a strong potential for using δ13C as a tracer for changes in water mass geometry at these levels. Further, we identify a much tighter relationship between δ13C and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) than between δ13C and phosphate. This arises because, in contrast to phosphate, AOU and δ13C are both partly reset when waters are ventilated in the Southern Ocean and underscore that δ13C is a highly robust proxy for past changes in ocean oxygen content and ocean ventilation. Our global preindustrial δ13C climatology is openly accessible and can be used, for example, for improved model evaluation and interpretation of sediment δ13C records.
New τc regression relationship derived from all P wave time windows for rapid magnitude estimation
Authors: Peng C. Y. , Yang J. S. , Zheng Y. , Zhu X. Y. , Xu Z. Q. , Chen Y. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTwo issues related to the average period τc early‐warning parameter are the magnitude saturation effect on large earthquakes and considerable scatter for small earthquakes. To reduce the effect of these two issues on earthquake early‐warning systems, we introduce a new τc regression relationship derived from all P wave time windows (PTWs) in high‐pass filtered (T = 0.075 Hz) strong‐motion data for three damaging moderate‐to‐large earthquakes. Our results show that this relationship provides a better and more stable magnitude prediction than those derived from 3 s PTW without a saturation effect on large earthquakes with M < 7.5. It is expected that fewer false alerts (those outside the magnitude uncertainty tolerance) would be issued. Additionally, a reduction of the initial PTWs to 1–2 s and evolutionary calculation with an expanding window allow more lead time for small‐to‐moderate events.
Experimental observation of the onset of fracture percolation in columnar ice
Authors: Renshaw Carl E. , Schulson Erland M. , Sigward Stephen J. G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhile the contribution of brine channels to the critical behavior of sea ice permeability is well known, fractures can also contribute to the critical behavior of ice permeability. Above a critical fracture density, cracks link together to create a continuous pathway for flow. To isolate the contribution of fractures to percolation through ice, we present novel experiments to quantify the critical strain required for the onset of fracture percolation in freshwater columnar‐grained ice. We monitored the percolation of the ice as it was compressed uniaxially across the columns at −10oC to axial strains of 0.5–2% at a strain rate of 10−5 s−1, i.e., 1 order of magnitude below the ductile‐to‐brittle transition. We observed that the threshold for along‐column permeability corresponds with peak strength. Lateral connectivity develops over limited distances postpeak strength near the onset of near‐steady state flow and is facilitated by the breakage of the columns.
Ionospheric effects of St. Patrick's storm over Asian Russia: 17–19 March 2015
Authors: Zolotukhina N. , Polekh N. , Kurkin V. , Rogov D. , Romanova E. , Chelpanov M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe have carried out a comprehensive analysis of data from the high‐frequency coherent radar located near Yekaterinburg, ground‐based ionospheric, riometric, and magnetic stations, situated within the radar field of view and in the vicinity of it, as well as from eight radio paths crossing the Asian region of Russia. Using these data, we studied dynamics of ionospheric disturbances over wide longitudinal sector during the first 3 days of the St. Patrick's two‐step severe geomagnetic storm and determined the main mechanisms of their development. We showed that on 17 March during the main and early recovery storm phases, the major contribution to the generation of the ionospheric disturbances had been made by impact ionization by precipitating magnetospheric particles. This had lead to appearance of intense sporadic layers, alternating with intervals of total absorption. The main features of the storm were the large latitude width of the auroral precipitation zone and an expansion of this zone to corrected geomagnetic latitude ~ 45°. We suppose that these peculiarities were due to high variability of interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind impacted on the magnetosphere. The most probable cause of the negative ionospheric disturbance on 18 March might have been a change in the neutral atmosphere composition. Significant differences between measured and simulated values of maximal electron concentration in F2 layer point to the need to improve the existing empirical models of thermosphere, auroral precipitations, and magnetospheric convection in order to use them for modeling of ionospheric parameters during severe geomagnetic storms.
Ion dynamics in magnetotail reconnection in the presence of density asymmetry
Authors: Hietala H. , Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present the first dual‐spacecraft observations of antiparallel, asymmetric magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail. The measurements were made with the comprehensive instrumentation of the ARTEMIS mission at the lunar distance near the dusk flank. The north lobe had high‐density mantle and boundary layer plasma, while the south lobe had a much lower density, consistent with the prevailing solar wind conditions. The two spacecraft observed a finite width reconnection flow channel emanating from a tailward moving X line. Within the jet, the Hall magnetic field polarity corresponding to the high‐density north lobe was enhanced, and the peak flow velocity was shifted toward the low‐density south side, consistent with expectations from simulations. Two counterstreaming populations are seen in the distribution functions in most parts of the exhaust, in contrast to single‐population convective flows reported in a previous asymmetric magnetotail reconnection event. Furthermore, the density difference of the two distinct mixing populations of different density is visible in the exhaust distributions up to ∼150di downstream of the X line. We observe no signatures of Speiser‐like ion motion near the neutral plane, in agreement with theoretical expectations for asymmetric boundary conditions.
Centennial evolution of monthly solar wind speeds: Fastest monthly solar wind speeds from long‐duration coronal holes
Authors: Lukianova Renata , Holappa Lauri , Mursula Kalevi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHigh‐speed solar wind streams (HSSs) are very efficient drivers of geomagnetic activity at high latitudes. In this paper we use a recently developed ΔH parameter of geomagnetic activity, calculated from the nightside hourly magnetic field measurements of the Sodankylä observatory, as a proxy for solar wind (SW) speed at monthly time resolution in 1914–2014 (solar cycles 15–24). The seasonal variation in the relation between monthly ΔH and solar wind speed is taken into account by calculating separate regressions between ΔH and SW speed for each month. Thereby, we obtain a homogeneous series of proxy values for monthly solar wind speed for the last 100 years. We find that the strongest HSS‐active months of each solar cycle occur in the declining phase, in years 1919, 1930, 1941, 1952, 1959, 1973, 1982, 1994, and 2003. Practically all these years are the same or adjacent to the years of annual maximum solar wind speeds. This implies that the most persistent coronal holes, lasting for several solar rotations and leading to the highest annual SW speeds, are also the sources of the highest monthly SW speeds. Accordingly, during the last 100 years, there were no coronal holes of short duration (of about one solar rotation) that would produce faster monthly (or solar rotation) averaged solar wind than the most long‐living coronal holes in each solar cycle produce.
International Reference Ionosphere 2016: From ionospheric climate to real‐time weather predictions
Authors: Bilitza D. , Altadill D. , Truhlik V. , Shubin V. , Galkin I. , Reinisch B. , Huang X. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe paper presents the latest version of the International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI‐2016) describing the most important changes and improvements that were included with this version and discussing their impact on the IRI predictions of ionospheric parameters. IRI‐2016 includes two new model options for the F2 peak height hmF2 and a better representation of topside ion densities at very low and high solar activities. In addition, a number of smaller changes were made concerning the use of solar indices and the speedup of the computer program. We also review the latest developments toward a Real‐Time IRI. The goal is to progress from predicting climatology to describing the real‐time weather conditions in the ionosphere.
Space Weather Editors in Transition: Hail and Farewell
Authors: Knipp Delores J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractI hope you will join me in welcoming Dr. Daniel Welling of University of Michigan and Dr. T. Paul O'Brien of the Aerospace Corporation to the Space Weather (SWE) editorial team. Dan and Paul have answered the call to fill the shoes of two departing editors: Dr. Howard Singer and Dr. Barbara Giles. Dan brings insight related to space weather model development, while Paul brings expertise in the geospace radiation environment.
Theorizing Critical Placemaking as a Tool for Reclaiming Public Space
Authors: Toolis Erin E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAs economic inequality and segregation continue to grow in the U.S., psychology has an important role to play in exploring and promoting processes that can disrupt social injustice. This paper identifies the privatization of public space as a social problem that contributes to the entrenchment of social, economic, and racial inequality, and advances “critical placemaking” as a tool for reclaiming public space for public use. Drawing from key concepts in environmental psychology, narrative psychology, and community psychology, the proposed framework seeks to theorize the processes by which placemaking may contribute to transforming community narratives and building more inclusive, participatory, and democratic communities. Policy implications and future directions for empirical work are discussed.
Facilitators and barriers to the adoption of ergonomic solutions in construction
Authors: Dale Ann Marie , Jaegers Lisa , Welch Laura , Barnidge Ellen , Weaver Nancy , Evanoff Bradley A. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundRates of musculoskeletal disorders in construction remain high. Few studies have described barriers and facilitators to the use of available ergonomic solutions. This paper describes these barriers and facilitators and their relationship to the level of adoption.MethodsThree analysts rated 16 proposed ergonomic solutions from a participatory ergonomics study and assessed the level of adoption, six adoption characteristics, and identified the category of adoption from a theoretical model.ResultsTwelve solutions were always or intermittently used and were rated positively for characteristics of relative advantage, compatibility with existing work processes and trialability. Locus of control (worker vs. contractor) was not related to adoption. Simple solutions faced fewer barriers to adoption than those rated as complex.ConclusionsSpecific adoption characteristics can help predict the use of new ergonomic solutions in construction. Adoption of complex solutions must involve multiple stakeholders, more time, and shifts in culture or work systems. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:295–305, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Symmetrical broken and nonlinear response of Weyl semimetal TaAs influenced by the topological surface states and Weyl nodes
Authors: Chi Shumeng , Li Zhilin , Yu Haohai , Wang Gang , Wang Shuxian , Zhang Huaijin , Wang Jiyang 
Published: February 2017

A Weyl semimetal (WSM) features Weyl fermions in its bulk and topological surface states on surfaces, and is novel material hosting Weyl fermions, a kind of fundamental particles. The WSM was regarded as a three‐dimensional version of “graphene” under the illusion. In order to explore its promising photoelectric properties and applications in photonics and photoelectronics, here, we study the anisotropic linear and nonlinear optical responses of a WSM TaAs, which are determined by the relationship and balance between its topological surface states and Weyl nodes. We demonstrate that topological surface states which break the bulk symmetry are responsible for the anisotropy of the mobility, and the anisotropic nonlinear response shows saturable characteristic with extremely large saturable intensity. We also find that the mobility is anisotropic with the magnitude of 104 cm2V−1s−1 at room temperature and can be accelerated by the optical field. By analyzing the symmetry, the nonlinear response is mainly contributed by the fermions close to the Weyl nodes, and is related to the Pauli's blocking of fermions, electron‐electron interaction. This work experimentally discovers the anisotropic ultrahigh mobility of WSMs in the optical field and may start the field for the applications of WSMs in photonics and photoelectronics.
image
Festkörper‐NMR‐ und EPR‐Spektroskopie an Mn2+‐substituierten ATP‐angetriebenen Proteinmaschinen
Authors: Wiegand Thomas , Lacabanne Denis , Keller Katharina , Cadalbert Riccardo , Lecoq Lauriane , Yulikov Maxim , Terradot Laurent , Jeschke Gunnar , Meier Beat H. , Böckmann Anja 
Published: February 2017

AbstractParamagnetische Metallionen liefern strukturelle Informationen, sowohl in EPR‐ als auch in Festkörper‐NMR‐Experimenten, und ermöglichen einen vielversprechenden synergetischen Ansatz zum Studium von Biomakromolekülen. Wir demonstrieren die spektralen Konsequenzen einer Mg2+/Mn2+‐Substitution und den daraus resultierenden Informationsgehalt für zwei verschiedene ATP:Mg2+‐angetriebene Proteinmaschinen, einer im bakteriellen Replisom aktiven DnaB‐Helikase von Helicobacter pylori und dem ABC‐Transporter BmrA, einer bakteriellen Effluxpumpe. EPR‐Spektren belegen die Metallbindung und liefern Informationen über die Geometrie der Metallzentren in den Proteinen, und die in den NMR‐Spektren identifizierten paramagnetischen Relaxationsbeschleunigungen ermöglichen die Lokalisierung von Resten an der Bindungsstelle. Proteinmaschinen sind ubiquitär, und die hier beschriebenen Methoden sollten in einem breiten Kontext angewendet werden können.