bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Language in Psychiatry
Authors: Fine Jonathan 
Published: November 2017

Much of the diagnosis and definition of psychiatric disorders depends on language behaviour. Both the lay and clinical communities recognize that some atypical language behaviour helps to the identify psychiatric disorders. A functional approach to language provides the means to classify the atypicalities in meaning and in wordings that are associated with psychiatric disorders. Culture levels, register, genre, context, vocabulary-grammar, and sound must all be taken into account in considering language atypicalities. Language simultaneously conveys 3 kinds of meaning—ideational, interpersonal and textual. Individually or combined, these 3 kinds of meaning can be used to describe the atypical language behaviour associated with psychiatric disorders. Une large part du diagnostic et de la définition des troubles psychiatriques repose sur le comportement linguistique. Les milieux tant profanes que cliniques reconnaissent qu'un certain comportement linguistique anormal aide à reconnaître les troubles psychiatriques. Une approche fonctionnelle de la langue fournit les moyens de classer les anormalités selon le sens et le choix des termes qui sont associés aux troubles psychiatriques. Les niveaux de culture, le registre, le genre, le contexte, le vocabulaire et la grammaire ainsi que le son doivent tous être pris en compte lorsqu'on examine les anormalités de la langue. La langue transmet simultanément 3 types de sens—idéationnel, interpersonnel et textuel. Individuellement ou combinés, ces 3 types de sens peuvent servir à décrire le comportement linguistique anormal associé aux troubles psychiatriques.
Studying the Epidemiology of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Screening Method and Pilot Results
Authors: Rowland Andrew S , Umbach David M , Catoe Karen E , Stallone Lil , Long Stuart , Rabiner David , Naftel A J , Panke Debra , Faulk Richard , Sandler Dale P 
Published: November 2017

Objective: As part of a larger epidemiologic study of risk factors for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), this pilot study combined parent and teacher information to estimate ADHD prevalence among elementary school children in a North Carolina county. The methods developed for this study and the pitfalls we encountered illustrate the challenges involved in conducting population-based studies of ADHD. Methods: We employed 2-stage screening using DSM-IV criteria. Teachers completed behaviour-rating scales for all children. We then administered a structured telephone interview to parents of potential cases. We screened 362 of 424 (85%) children in grades 1 to 5 in 4 schools. Results: According to parent reports, 43 children (12%) had previously been diagnosed with ADHD by a health professional. Thirty-four children (9%) were taking ADHD medication. Forty-six children (12.7%) met study case criteria for ADHD, based on combined teacher and parent reports. Of the 46 cases, 18 (39%) had not been previously identified. Eight previously diagnosed children, however, did not meet case criteria. After we adjusted for nonresponse, the estimated prevalence was 16% (95%CI, 12% to 20%). Conclusions: These data suggest that the DSM-IV prevalence of ADHD has been substantially underestimated, although the true prevalence in this population may be less than the 16% estimated here. Population-based studies of ADHD are feasible and may provide important information about practice and treatment patterns in community settings, as well as a broader understanding of the etiology and life course of this common disorder.
Clozapine Impact on Clinical Outcomes and Aggression in Severely Ill Adolescents with Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia
Authors: Chalasani Lokaranjit , Kant Ravi , Chengappa KN Roy 
Published: November 2017

Objective: To evaluate the impact of clozapine on aggressive behaviour and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Methods: We reviewed the charts of 6 children and adolescents who were admitted consecutively to a long-term care facility for clinical outcomes, including seclusion and restraints incidents prior to and during clozapine treatment. We also present a representative case history. Results: We noted clinically significant improvements in social interaction and decreases in the number of violent episodes and homicidal or suicidal thoughts. The global assessment of functioning (GAF) scores improved significantly. Weight gain was significant. Conclusions: These cases illustrate the benefits of clozapine treatment in refractory childhood-onset schizophrenia. Outcomes are similar to those described in adults. Even though open data limit conclusions from this study, it is pertinent that there was a clinically significant improvement in aggressive behaviours. This may be particularly important for improved morale of patients, their families, and treating staff. It may also be helpful in discharge to a less restrictive environment.
Consumer Satisfaction with an Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatric Unit
Authors: Marriage Keith , Petrie Julie , Worling David 
Published: November 2017

Objective: To explore factors influencing the satisfaction of patients, parents, and referring clinicians who used the services of an adolescent inpatient psychiatric unit, and to explore how levels of satisfaction related to the patient's symptomatic and functional improvement during the admission. Method: All 105 adolescents, their families, and the referring community clinicians who used an inpatient service over a 1-year period were asked to rate the patient's symptoms and functioning on admission, at discharge, and 4 months after the patient's return to the community. We obtained satisfaction ratings at discharge, and consumers were asked to rate helpfulness of the ward experience at 4 months postdischarge. Ward psychiatrists provided Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) ratings and diagnoses over the course of the inpatient stay. Results: Most of the patients (83%) improved during their admission. Consumer satisfaction ratings correlated with improvement of self-identified problems and with the perceived usefulness of discharge recommendations. Satisfaction did not, however, correlate with the patient's symptomatic and functional progress. Interaction with ward staff was an important source of both positive and negative experiences. Conclusion: Our study indicates that inpatient psychiatric staff should attend closely to the consumer's perception of difficulties and the need for practical discharge recommendations.
Electroconvulsive Therapy in Adolescents
Authors: Étain Bruno , Le Heuzey Marie-France , Mouren-Simeoni Marie-Christine 
Published: November 2017

Objective: To report on observations of 6 adolescents treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and to compare the data with literature data. Method: We conducted a retrospective study of our division charts of adolescents treated with ECT and hospitalized in the last 20 years. We also undertook a computer search in several databases (including Medline) to identify the reported observations on this treatment. Results: We studied the charts of 6 adolescents aged 14 to 16 years. There were 3 cases of major depressive disorder (including 1 case of delusion of negation), 2 cases of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and 1 case of schizoaffective disorder with catatonic characteristics. Four adolescents received ECT as a first-line treatment. They were given an average of 9 ECT, which was judged to be efficacious. Tolerance was adequate, and in this series, ECT does not seem to have caused alterations to long-term cognitive functions. No relapse was noted after a minimum of one-year follow-up. Conclusions: For some severe psychiatric disorders in adolescents, ECT could be a treatment with a good efficacy and tolerance profile.
Bipolar Disorder Associated with Another Autoimmune Disease—Pemphigus: A Population-based Study
Authors: Kridin Khalaf , Zelber-Sagi Shira , Comaneshter Doron , Cohen Arnon D. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives: Recent evidence suggests a notable role for inflammation and immune dysregulation in the neuroprogression of bipolar disorders (BD). Several autoimmune comorbidities have been reported in association with BD. However, the epidemiological relationship between pemphigus and BD has not yet been elucidated. We aimed to estimate the association between pemphigus and BD using a large-scale, real-life computerized database. Methods: Data for this study were retrieved from the database of the Clalit Health Services, the largest, state-mandated, health service organization in Israel. This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. The proportion of patients with BD was compared between patients diagnosed with pemphigus and age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched control subjects. A logistic regression model was performed to estimate how pemphigus and other covariates contributed as risk factors for BD. Results: A total of 1,985 pemphigus cases and 9,874 controls were included in the study. The prevalence of BD was greater in cases with pemphigus than in controls (1.0% v. 0.5%, respectively; P = 0.023). This coexistence was more prominent among patients of Jewish ethnicity. After controlling for confounders, such as age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, smoking, healthcare utilization, and comorbidities, pemphigus demonstrated a substantial independent association with BD (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.9). Conclusions: Pemphigus is significantly associated with BD. Patients with pemphigus should be assessed for comorbid BD. Experimental research is needed to better recognize the biological mechanisms underlying this observation.
The Effects of Exercise on Memory Function Among Young to Middle-Aged Adults: Systematic Review and Recommendations for Future Research
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Frith Emily , Edwards Meghan K. , Sng Eveleen , Ashpole Nicole 
Published: November 2017

Objective: To systematically summarize the experimental effects of exercise on cognitive-related memory function among young to middle-aged adults, which has yet to be done in the literature. Data Source: PubMed. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Studies were included if they were published in the English language, indexed in PubMed, employed an experimental study design (eg, traditional parallel group randomized controlled trial: either acute intervention or chronic/training intervention study), and conducted among human adults. Studies were excluded if nonhumans (ie, animal models) were studied, if children/adolescents (<18 years) or older adults (>50 years) were evaluated, and if select chronic diseases (eg, diabetes and dementia) were present. Data Extraction: A systematic review approach was employed. Data Synthesis: An extraction table was created synthesizing the key results, and recommendations for future research are emphasized. Results: Among the 17 evaluated studies, 2 were published before the year 2000 (ie, 1998 and 1999), 2 were published in 2007, and the remaining 13 were published in the years 2011 and beyond. This highlights the emergence of this research topic within this age-group (young to middle-aged adults). Among the 17 evaluated studies, 14 were conducted among healthy samples, with 3 conducted among those with a diagnosis of depression. Among the 17 studies, 4 employed a chronic training protocol, with 13 utilizing an acute exercise protocol. Among the 3 experimental studies in the depressed population, all demonstrated a favorable effect of exercise on memory function. Among the 14 trials in the nondepressed population, 10 (71%) demonstrated a favorable effect of exercise on some aspect of memory function. Conclusion: Acute and chronic exercise appears to play a pronounced effect on memory function among young to middle-aged adults. Implications and recommendations for future research are outlined in this systematic review.
Translating Healthy Living Messages to Postpartum Women and Their Partners After Gestational Diabetes (GDM): Body Habitus, A1C, Lifestyle Habits, and Program Engagement Results From the Families Defeating Diabetes (FDD) Randomized Trial
Authors: McManus R. , Miller D. , Mottola M. , Giroux I. , Donovan L. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: The Families Defeating Diabetes intervention evaluated a postpartum healthy living program for women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Tertiary centers in London, Calgary, and Victoria, Canada. Participants: Women with GDM and partners; 46% of eligible maternal participants agreed to participate. Intervention: Interventional (INT) participants received a healthy living seminar at 3 months; access to a walking group/Website; biweekly e-mails. Control (CON) participants received a contemporary postpartum diabetes prevention handout. Measures: Maternal, partner, and offspring demographics at baseline, 3, and 12 months. Analysis: Percentages of women losing ≥7% of postpartum weight were compared by χ2 testing; body habitus comparisons by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA); maternal A1C comparisons by unpaired t tests; participant outcome associations by Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Maternal participants were 170 (89 INT and 81 CON) with 63 partners (30 INT and 33 CON); 103 (73 maternal; 30 partners) were lost to follow-up; 57% of maternal participants completed 12 months; 33% INT women (n = 50) lost ≥7% weight versus 25% CON women (n = 47), P = .43. Interventional participant results did not correlate with accession of study elements. Maternal completion was significantly associated with partner involvement, breastfeeding, higher income, and education. Paternal weights correlated significantly with maternal and offspring weights. Conclusion: Families Defeating Diabetes outcomes were not significantly different for INT maternal or paternal participants versus CON participants. Secondary outcomes of future value included statistically significant positive associations between paternal participation, socioeconomic indicators, and maternal study completion, significant correlations between maternal, paternal, and offspring weights as well as insights into study component engagement.
Driven to Support: Individual- and County-Level Factors Associated With Public Support for Active Transportation Policies
Authors: Cradock Angie L. , Barrett Jessica L. , Chriqui Jamie F. , Evenson Kelly R. , Goins Karin Valentine , Gustat Jeanette , Heinrich Katie M. , Perry Cynthia K. , Scanze Michele , Schmid Thomas L. , Tabak Rachel G. , Umstattd Meyer M. Renee , Valko Cheryl 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: To assess predictors of stated support for policies promoting physically active transportation. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: US counties selected on county-level physical activity and obesity health status. Participants: Participants completing random-digit dialed telephone survey (n = 906). Measures: Survey measures assessed stated support for 5 policies to promote physically active transportation, access to active transportation facilities, and time spent in a car. County-level estimates included household car dependence and funding for bicycle–pedestrian projects. Analysis: Multivariable generalized linear mixed models using binary distribution and logit link, accounting for clustering within county. Results: Respondents supported policies for accommodating bicyclists and pedestrians through street improvements (89%), school active transportation programs (75%), employer-funded active commuting incentives (67%), and allocation of public funding (68%) and tax support (56%) for building and maintaining public transit. Residents spending >2 h/d (vs <0.7 hours) in cars were more likely to support street (odds ratio [OR]: 1.87; confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-3.22) and public transit (OR: 1.85; CI: 1.24-2.77) improvements. Residents in counties investing >$1.6 million in bicycle and pedestrian improvements expressed greater support for funding (OR: 1.71; CI: 1.04-2.83) and tax increases (OR: 1.73; CI: 1.08-2.75) for transit improvements compared to those with lower prior investments (<$276 100). Conclusion: Support for policies to enable active transportation is higher where relevant investments in active transportation infrastructure are large (>$1.6 M), public transit is nearby, and respondents drive >2 h/d.
Bacteremia due to Transplantation of Contaminated Cryopreserved Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Taylor Geoffrey D. , Kirkland Terri , Lakey Jonathan , Rajotte Ray , Warnock Garth L. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo report two cases of pancreatic islet transplantation-related septicemia, and the results of an investigative protocol to identify potential sources of contamination.DesignCase series.SettingUniversity hospital clinical investigational islet transplantation program.ResultsThe last two of our first seven islet transplantation recipients developed Enterobacter cloacae septicemia within hours of islet infusion. Both had received thawed cryopreserved islet infusions. No source of infection apart from islets could be identified. Pancreas harvesting and islet isolation protocols provided multiple opportunities for contamination. Environmental cultures during a mock islet isolation procedure failed to identify a source of Enterobacter. Previously cryopreserved islet lots were thawed and submitted for culture, 14/47 grew micro-organisms including E. cloacae in four instances. Following revision of protocols for aseptic handling of islets during processing and cryopreservation 55 consecutive pancreata undergoing processing were evaluated; 7 grew micro-organisms on arrival and in 3 cases these persisted through to cryopreservation.ConclusionTwo of seven islet transplantation recipients developed septicemia, likely related to infusion of contaminated cryopreserved islets. Using existing technology, for isolating islets from donor pancreata, recipients will remain at risk for this complication. Prevention should entail strict adherence to aseptic technique, and, possibly, use of surveillance microbial cultures during the islet isolation process.
Fiscal Consolidation versus Infrastructural Obligations
Authors: M.R. Anantha Ramu , Gayithri K. 
Published: November 2017

This article analyses two important issues pertaining to Indian economy. One is the numerical target under rule-based fiscal correction mechanism being followed by Indian government and second is on infrastructural investment requirements. India lags behind many countries in the world including some of the developing ones both in terms of stock and quality of infrastructure. There exist huge investment requirements in order to foster the economic growth and efficiently utilise the available resources. In the recent years, there is a significant contribution from the private sector towards infrastructural investment. However, private participation is concentrated in few sectors which are commercially viable and hence in the remaining key areas, like rural infrastructure, government is the sole investor. In India, excess spending by the central government is restricted under Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 and for the state governments under state-specific Fiscal Responsibility Legislations. The Act limits the fiscal deficit (FD) to 3 per cent of GDP for central government and 3 per cent of GSDP for state governments. FD is capped due to its adverse impact on macroeconomy. However, the available literature shows mixed evidence. Most importantly, revenue deficit (RD) component covers major portion of FD and only a meagre amount is left for capital investments. This article debates whether 3 per cent cap on FD is advisable in all the circumstances and also analyses whether infrastructural investment gap can be filled with available fiscal-deficit amount. This article finds that there is an infrastructural investment gap of ‘5,165.20 billion in the 12th Plan period and concludes that it makes no harm even though FD crosses 3 per cent cap given that amount in entirety is spent on capital formation.
Minimally Invasive Distal Metatarsal Diaphyseal Osteotomy (DMDO) for Chronic Plantar Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Biz Carlo , Gastaldo Stefano , Dalmau-Pastor Miki , Corradin Marco , Volpin Andrea , Ruggieri Pietro 
Published: November 2017

Background: The aims of this prospective study were first to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive distal metatarsal diaphyseal osteotomies (DMDOs) for treating a consecutive series of diabetic patients with chronic plantar diabetic foot ulcers (CPDFUs) and second to assess their clinical-functional and radiographic outcomes. Methods: A consecutive series of patients affected by diabetes mellitus with CPDFUs, not responsive to previous nonoperative management, underwent DMDO. The CPDFUs were evaluated using the University of Texas Diabetic Wound Classification System (UTDWC). Demographic parameters, Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, healing times, and complications were recorded. Maestro et al criteria and bone callus formation were analyzed radiologically. Statistical analysis was carried out ( P < .05). Thirty consecutive enrolled patients with a mean age of 66.7 (range, 53-75) years presented 35 CPDFUs with a mean diameter of 16.3 mm and a mean duration of 10.3 months. The most frequent grade of the UTDWC was IIIB (42.9%). Results: All ulcers recovered with a mean healing time of 7.9 ± 4.0 (range, 4-17) weeks. AOFAS scores improved significantly from 55.3 to 81.4 points ( P < .001). At a mean follow-up of 25.3 months (range, 18-71), no cases of ulcer recurrence were recorded, while a major complication or a wound infection required longer healing time. Conclusion: Minimally invasive DMDO was a safe and effective method in promoting CPDFU healing, regardless of the grade of severity, by the reduction of the high plantar pressure under the metatarsal heads. This technique improved functional and radiographic outcomes with few complications. Level of Evidence: IV, case series.