bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ulnar Neck Fractures Associated with Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Özkan Sezai , Fischerauer Stefan , Kootstra Thomas , Claessen Femke , Ring David 
Published: August 2017

Background There is little published data to guide management of ulnar neck fractures associated with fractures of the distal radius.
Purpose As unplanned surgery usually reflects adverse events and this injury combination is relatively uncommon, we used a large database to study the incidence of unplanned surgeries after surgical and nonsurgical treatment of distal metaphyseal ulna fractures associated with a distal radius fracture and identify factors associated with these unplanned surgeries.
Patients and Methods We identified 277 patients with an ulnar neck fracture associated with a distal radius fracture. Fifty-six (20%) ulnar neck fractures were initially treated operatively and six of them (11%) had a second, unplanned surgery. Of the 221 initially nonoperatively treated fractures, only one (0.45%) had a subsequent unplanned surgery that seemed unrelated to the fracture (ulnar nerve neurolysis).
Results Bivariate analysis showed that younger age, open fracture, multifragmentary fractures, and initial operative treatment of the ulnar neck fracture were significantly associated with unplanned surgery. A multivariable analysis was not feasible due to the small number of unplanned surgeries.
Conclusion Eighty percent of ulnar neck fractures associated with a fracture of the distal radius was treated nonoperatively in our region, and subsequent surgery for problems was very uncommon. Operative treatment and fracture complexity were associated with unplanned surgery, which reflected some measure of injury severity, technical inadequacy, and inherent problems associated with surgery.
Level of Evidence Level II, prognostic study.
All-Arthroscopic Treatment of Intra- and Extra-Articular Localized Villonodular Synovitis of Knee
Authors: Simonetta Roberto , Florio Michela , Familiari Filippo , Gasparini Giorgio , Rosa Michele 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare, benign, proliferative neoplastic condition affecting synovial-lined anatomic spaces. PVNS is characterized by hypertrophy of a synovial membrane by villous, nodular, and villonodular proliferation, with pigmentation secondary to hemosiderin deposition. The two forms of PVNS that have been described are diffuse (DPVNS) and localized (LPVNS). The knee is the most commonly involved anatomic location, followed by hip, ankle, shoulder, and elbow. Diagnosis of PVNS is not always obvious clinically. Various imaging modalities are often necessary to exclude other conditions and narrow the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging has become the modality of choice for diagnosing PVNS. We present a case of intra-articular LPVNS with an extra-articular extension through the posterior capsule that has been successfully removed in an all-arthroscopic fashion.
Gute Remission unter HER2-Blockade bei einem fortgeschrittenen Karzinom des ösophagogastralen Überganges bei nur fokaler HER2-Überexpression
Authors: Gaiser Timo , Hirsch Daniela , Hofheinz Ralf-Dieter 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDas Magenkarzinom und das Karzinom des ösophagogastralen Überganges werden in 55 – 65 % der Fälle im lokal fortgeschrittenen bzw. metastasierten Stadium diagnostiziert und in der Regel mit einer perioperativen bzw. palliativen Chemotherapie behandelt. Im metastasierten Stadium muss der HER2-Status als positiver prädiktiver Faktor für eine Therapie mit Trastuzumab vor Therapieeinleitung zuverlässig bestimmt werden. Leider ist diese Bestimmung aber nicht trivial und sowohl mit dem Problem der ausgesprochenen Tumorheterogenität für HER2 als auch mit Problemen des HER2-Auswertungsalgorithmus behaftet. Wir berichten über einen 80 Jahre alten Patienten, welcher bei neu aufgetretenen Schluckbeschwerden mit einem fortgeschrittenen Adenokarzinom des ösophagogastralen Überganges diagnostiziert wurde (uT3 uN+ cM0; Siewert II). Die initiale auswärtige HER2-Testung verlief negativ (HER2-Score 1 +) wurde aber in domo an umfangreicheren Biopsien wiederholt. Nach nachgewiesener fokaler, aber starker HER2-Positivität (HER2-Wert 3 +, ~10 % der Tumorzellen positiv) wurde eine Kombinationstherapie von Oxaliplatin, 5-Fluoruracil/Folinsäure und Trastuzumab eingeleitet, welche zur Besserung der Beschwerden und zu einer Remission führte. Die hier vorliegende Diskrepanz der zwei durchgeführten HER2-Testungen wurde verursacht durch eine Heterogenität der HER2-Expression, welche in den initialen, eher spärlichen Biopsien nicht erfasst wurde. Außerdem könnten Unterschiede zwischen dem bekannten, weitverbreiteten HER2-Auswertungsalgorithmus des Mammakarzinoms und dem mit Unschärfe behafteten, weniger oft verwendeten Magenkarzinom-Algorithmus eine Rolle gespielt haben. Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt einen Patienten mit gutem Ansprechen auf eine anti-HER2-Therapie in Kombination mit einer Chemotherapie bei einem offensichtlich nur in geringfügigen Anteilen HER2-positiven fortgeschrittenen Karzinom des ösophagogastralen Übergangs und illustriert, welche Probleme mit der HER2-Testung verbunden sind, gerade wenn nur wenig tumortragende Biopsien gewonnen werden konnten.
Off-label Anwendung einer Budesonidhaltigen Suspension für die Behandlung einer lymphozytären Ösophagitis
Authors: Paparoupa Maria , Linnemüller Stephan , Schuppert Frank 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die lymphozytäre Ösophagitis (Englisch: lymphocytic esophagitis-LyE) ist eine seltene chronisch-entzündliche Erkrankung der Speiseröhre, die klinisch ähnliche Charakteristika wie die eosinophile Ösophagitis aufweist. Der wichtigste Bestandteil der Behandlung sind die Protonenpumpenhemmer. Für die lokal wirkenden Steroide gibt es kein festes Therapieregime.
Fallbericht Ein 62-jähriger Patient stellte sich zur Abklärung einer chronischen Dysphagie mit zuvor diagnostizierten multiplen Ösophagusstenosen vor. Endoskopisch zeigte sich das Bild einer Pseudotrachealisierung mit diffus verteilten Ösophagusringen und Furchen. Die Diagnose der LyE wurde anhand der immunhistochemischen Analyse der Schleimhautbiopsien gestellt. Wir behandelten initial mit Budesonid in Form von Kapseln (Entocort 3 × 3 mg Hartkapseln® einmal täglich). Um bei Dysphagie die Akzeptanz der Therapie für den Patienten zu erhöhen, entschlossen wir uns zur off-label Anwendung von Suspensionen, die routinemäßig zur Verneblung bei Asthma oder COPD verwendet werden (Budenobronch® 0,5 mg zweimal täglich). Darunter kam es zur klinischen und später zur histologischen Remission.
Schlussfolgerung Unsere Kasuistik berichtet über ein rein empirisches Therapiekonzept, was zur klinischen und histologischen Remission einer chronisch verlaufenden LyE geführt hat.
Rainforest metropolis casts 1,000-km defaunation shadow
Authors: Tregidgo Daniel J. , Barlow Jos , Pompeu Paulo S. , de Almeida Rocha Mayana , Parry Luke 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Tropical wilderness areas of largely pristine habitats and low human population densities are witnessing rapid urbanization. However, the urban impact on harvested wildlife populations is largely unknown. An extensive dataset on the population status of a keystone fish species was generated by interviewing hundreds of rural Amazonians about their lifetime fishing activity along a heavily fished but otherwise relatively pristine river. Data reveal that the fish become much smaller and harder to catch when travelling toward a rainforest metropolis of over 2 million residents. This trend extends over 1,000 km from the city. We show how urban connectivity drives this depletion, and discuss how wider forest diversity and human livelihoods may suffer as a result.
Antibacterial photosensitization through activation of coproporphyrinogen oxidase
Authors: Surdel Matthew C. , Horvath Dennis J. , Lojek Lisa J. , Fullen Audra R. , Simpson Jocelyn , Dutter Brendan F. , Salleng Kenneth J. , Ford Jeremy B. , Jenkins J. Logan , Nagarajan Raju , Teixeira Pedro L. , Albertolle Matthew , Georgiev Ivelin S. , Jansen E. Duco , Sulikowski Gary A. , Lacy D. Borden , Dailey Harry A. , Skaar Eric P. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) account for a majority of visits to hospitals and clinics in the United States and are typically caused by Gram-positive pathogens. Recently, it was discovered that Gram-positive bacteria use a unique pathway to synthesize the critical cellular cofactor heme. The divergence of the heme biosynthesis pathways between humans and Gram-positive bacteria provides a unique opportunity for the development of new antibiotics targeting this pathway. We report here the identification of a small-molecule activator of coproporphyrinogen oxidase (CgoX) from Gram-positive bacteria that induces accumulation of coproporphyrin III and leads to photosensitization of Gram-positive pathogens. In combination with light, CgoX activation reduces bacterial burden in murine models of SSTI.
HEMO, an ancestral endogenous retroviral envelope protein shed in the blood of pregnant women and expressed in pluripotent stem cells and tumors
Authors: Heidmann Odile , Béguin Anthony , Paternina Janio , Berthier Raphaël , Deloger Marc , Bawa Olivia , Heidmann Thierry 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Endogenization of retroviruses has occurred multiple times in the course of vertebrate evolution, with the captured retroviral envelope syncytins playing a role in placentation in mammals, including marsupials. Here, we identify an endogenous retroviral envelope protein with unprecedented properties, including a specific cleavage process resulting in the shedding of its extracellular moiety in the human blood circulation. This protein is conserved in all simians—with a homologous protein found in marsupials—with a “stemness” expression in embryonic and reprogrammed stem cells, as well as in the placenta and some human tumors, especially ovarian tumors. This protein could constitute a versatile marker—and possibly an effector—of specific cellular states and being shed, be immunodetected in the blood.
Inkjet-printed point-of-care immunoassay on a nanoscale polymer brush enables subpicomolar detection of analytes in blood
Authors: Joh Daniel Y. , Hucknall Angus M. , Wei Qingshan , Mason Kelly A. , Lund Margaret L. , Fontes Cassio M. , Hill Ryan T. , Blair Rebecca , Zimmers Zackary , Achar Rohan K. , Tseng Derek , Gordan Raluca , Freemark Michael , Ozcan Aydogan , Chilkoti Ashutosh 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Sensitive quantitation of protein biomarkers plays an important role in modern clinical decision making. This work introduces an inkjet-printed assay platform built on a nonfouling, nanoscale polymer brush, which eliminates nonspecific binding, the largest source of noise in surface-based assays. The assay goes to completion after adding a drop of blood (with no additional reagents or mixing), and the assay can be read with a smartphone-based detector. This technology is significant because it enables high-performance diagnostic testing in blood with minimal infrastructural requirements. Furthermore, its fully printed nature makes it highly customizable and thus broadly applicable to a wide range of diagnostic targets.
Bilingual infants control their languages as they listen
Authors: Byers-Heinlein Krista , Morin-Lessard Elizabeth , Lew-Williams Casey 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Bilingual infants must manage two languages in a single developing mind. However, the mechanisms that enable young bilinguals to manage their languages over the course of learning remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that bilingual infants monitor and control their languages during real-time language listening, and do so similarly to bilingual adults. This ability could help bilinguals’ language learning to keep pace with that of their monolingual peers, and may underpin the cognitive advantages enjoyed by bilinguals in both infancy and adulthood.
CDCP1 drives triple-negative breast cancer metastasis through reduction of lipid-droplet abundance and stimulation of fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Wright Heather J. , Hou Jue , Xu Binzhi , Cortez Marvin , Potma Eric O. , Tromberg Bruce J. , Razorenova Olga V. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Approximately 34% of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients relapse with local recurrence or metastasis within 5 y of radiation and chemotherapy treatment. There are currently no targeted therapies to treat TNBC. This study offers therapeutic targets for blocking TNBC metastasis: cell-surface antigen CUB-domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) and proteins in the lipid metabolism pathway. CDCP1 regulates lipid metabolism by reducing cytoplasmic lipid droplet abundance, stimulating fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic pathway likely contributes to the energy production required for cell migration and metastasis of TNBC, and represents a potential therapeutic target.
Near-atomic resolution cryoelectron microscopy structure of the 30-fold homooligomeric SpoIIIAG channel essential to spore formation in
Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Zeytuni Natalie , Hong Chuan , Flanagan Kelly A. , Worrall Liam J. , Theiltges Kate A. , Vuckovic Marija , Huang Rick K. , Massoni Shawn C. , Camp Amy H. , Yu Zhiheng , Strynadka Natalie C. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Bacteria use sophisticated nanomachines to transport proteins across membranes. Although these secretion systems are typically associated with bacterial pathogenicity, a specialized variant has been proposed to play a central role in bacterial sporulation. Sporulation is a primitive protective process that allows starving cells to form spores that can survive in extreme environments. Following an asymmetric cellular division, the mother cell engulfs the forespore, with a “feeding-tube” channel creating a direct conduit between them. Here, using near-atomic resolution cryoelectron microscopy, we show that a central component of the feeding tube channel self-assembles into an unprecedented 30-fold symmetrical complex with unique architectural features and dimensions. We discuss the similarities and diverse features of the feeding tube relative to other bacterial secretion nanomachines.
Structural insights into the catalytic mechanism of a sacrificial sulfur insertase of the N-type ATP pyrophosphatase family, LarE
Authors: Fellner Matthias , Desguin Benoît , Hausinger Robert P. , Hu Jian 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Thiolation reactions are essential steps in the synthesis of numerous biological metabolites. To make the novel sulfur-containing cofactor of LarA, an Ni-dependent lactic acid racemase, LarE catalyzes a critical sulfur transfer reaction to a nicotinic acid-derived substrate by converting the protein's cysteine residue to dehydroalanine. In this study, crystal structures of ligand-free and several ligand-bound forms of LarE provide a structural basis for a catalytic mechanism that is further supported by structure-guided mutagenesis and functional assays. This work establishes LarE as a sulfur insertase within the N-type ATP pyrophosphatase family and presents a paradigm for sulfur transfer through sacrificing a catalytic cysteine residue.
Dehumanization increases instrumental violence, but not moral violence
Authors: Rai Tage S. , Valdesolo Piercarlo , Graham Jesse 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceTo eliminate violence, we must understand the motives that drive it. Most theories assume that violence is motivated by instrumental gain or impulsiveness, and is restrained by moral inhibitions. In these frameworks, dehumanization breaks down moral inhibitions by reducing perceptions of victims as fellow human beings worthy of concern. However, we argue that much violence is actually motivated by moral sentiments, and that morally motivated perpetrators wish to harm fellow human beings. Across five experiments, we show that dehumanizing victims increases instrumental, but not moral, violence. This distinction, between instrumental violence enabled by dehumanization, and moral violence directed toward human victims, has important implications for understanding how morality and dehumanization interact with violence, and for informing violence reduction efforts worldwide.
Molecular basis for the substrate specificity of quorum signal synthases
Authors: Dong Shi-Hui , Frane Nicole D. , Christensen Quin H. , Greenberg E. Peter , Nagarajan Rajesh , Nair Satish K. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
These first structures of a homoserine-lactone quorum-signal synthase bound to various substrates and analogs help to provide a molecular rationale for understanding acyl chain specificity. Based on the structural data, we show how different clades of signal synthases can accommodate their cognate acyl–CoA ligands. Lastly, the elucidation of the reaction mechanism for the signal synthase may provide a rationale for the design of therapeutic small-molecule antagonists.
Complete overview of protein-inactivating sequence variations in 36 sequenced mouse inbred strains
Authors: Timmermans Steven , Van Montagu Marc , Libert Claude 
Published: August 2017

Significance
We have developed a bioinformatics tool that allows us to compare the sequences of all protein-coding genes of 36 sequenced mouse inbred strains with the reference mouse strain C57BL/6J. We also provide an estimate of the effect on protein function of each deviant protein sequence and have built a searchable database of all these sequences, giving researchers the opportunity to search for abnormal alleles of any protein coding gene across these strains. The database makes the enormous richness of variant alleles present in these 36 inbred strains visible, accessible, and useful to the whole mouse research community.
Permeability transition in human mitochondria persists in the absence of peripheral stalk subunits of ATP synthase
Authors: He Jiuya , Carroll Joe , Ding Shujing , Fearnley Ian M. , Walker John E. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Mitochondria generate the cellular fuel ATP to sustain complex life. Production of ATP depends on the oxidation of energy-rich compounds to produce a chemical potential difference for hydrogen ions, the proton motive force (pmf), across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Disruption of the IMM, dissipation of the pmf, and cell death occur if the concentration of calcium ions inside mitochondria is sufficiently elevated to open a pore in the IMM. The identity of the pore is disputed. One proposal is that the pore is in the enzyme that makes ATP. Here, we show that proteins in the enzyme’s peripheral stalk are not involved in the formation or regulation of the pore.
3.3 Å structure of Niemann–Pick C1 protein reveals insights into the function of the C-terminal luminal domain in cholesterol transport
Authors: Li Xiaochun , Lu Feiran , Trinh Michael N. , Schmiege Philip , Seemann Joachim , Wang Jiawei , Blobel Günter 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The Niemann–Pick C1 (NPC1) protein is responsible for transporting LDL-derived cholesterol out of late endosomes. Mutations in NPC1 lead to the fatal Niemann–Pick Type C disease. We present here an improved structure of an NPC1 protein at 3.3 Å and decipher details of its C-terminal luminal domain (CTD), which could not be resolved in previous structures. In particular, a loop stabilized by a pair of disulfide bonds in the CTD binds to the N-terminal domain through a loop–loop interaction. We show that this interaction is important for cholesterol transport in cultured cells. Together, our data provide insights related to the molecular mechanism of NPC1 activity and Niemann–Pick Type C disease.
Isolation and Pathogenicity of Streptococcus iniae in Cultured Red Hybrid Tilapia in Malaysia
Authors: Rahmatullah M. , Ariff M. , Kahieshesfandiari M. , Daud H. M. , Zamri-Saad M. , Sabri M. Y. , Amal M. N. A. , Ina-Salwany M. Y. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This study describes the isolation and pathogenicity of Streptococcus iniae in cultured red hybrid tilapia (Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus × Mozambique Tilapia O. mossambicus) in Malaysia. The isolated gram-positive S. iniae appeared punctiform, transparently white, catalase and oxidase negative and produced complete β-hemolysis on blood agar, while a PCR assay resulted in the amplification of the 16 S rRNA gene and lactate oxidase encoded genes. The isolate was sensitive to tetracycline, vancomycin, and bacitracin but was resistant to streptomycin, ampicillin, penicillin, and erythromycin. Pathogenicity trials conducted in local red hybrid tilapia (mean ± SE = 20.00 ± 0.45 g) showed 90.0, 96.7, and 100.0% mortality within 14 d postinfection following intraperitoneal exposure to 104, 106, and 108 CFU/mL of the pathogen, respectively. The clinical signs included erratic swimming, lethargy, and inappetance at 6 h postinfection, while mortality was recorded at less than 24 h postinfection in all infected groups. The LD50-336 h of S. iniae against the red hybrid tilapia was 102 CFU/mL. The post mortem examinations revealed congested livers, kidneys, and spleens of the infected fish. This is the first report of S. iniae experimental infection in cultured red hybrid tilapia in Malaysia.
Received January 20, 2017; accepted July 16, 2017 Published online October 11, 2017
Glioblastoma stem‐like cells secrete the pro‐angiogenic VEGF‐A factor in extracellular vesicles
Authors: Treps Lucas , Perret Raul , Edmond Sébastien , Ricard Damien , Gavard Julie 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are mortifying brain tumours that contain a subpopulation of tumour cells with stem‐like properties, termed glioblastoma stem‐like cells (GSCs). GSCs largely contribute to tumour initiation, propagation and resistance to current anti‐cancer therapies. GSCs are situated in perivascular niches, closely associated with brain microvascular endothelial cells, thereby involved in bidirectional molecular and cellular interactions. Moreover, extracellular vesicles are suspected to carry essential information that can adapt the microenvironment to the tumour's needs, including tumour‐induced angiogenesis. In GBM, extracellular vesicles produced by differentiated tumour cells and GSCs were demonstrated to disseminate locally and at distance. Here, we report that the pro‐angiogenic pro‐permeability factor VEGF‐A is carried in extracellular vesicles secreted from ex vivo cultured patient‐derived GSCs. Of note, extracellular vesicle‐derived VEGF‐A contributes to the in vitro elevation of permeability and angiogenic potential in human brain endothelial cells. Indeed, VEGF‐A silencing in GSCs compromised in vitro extracellular vesicle‐mediated increase in permeability and angiogenesis. From a clinical standpoint, extracellular vesicles isolated from circulating blood of GBM patients present higher levels of VEGF‐A, as compared to healthy donors. Overall, our results suggest that extracellular vesicle‐harboured VEGF‐A targets brain endothelial cells and might impact their ability to form new vessels. Thus, tumour‐released EV cargo might emerge as an instrumental part of the tumour‐induced angiogenesis and vascular permeability modus operandi in GBM.