bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities between research attention and burden in liver diseases: implications on uneven advances in pharmacological therapies in Europe and the USA
Authors: Ndugga Nambi , Lightbourne Teisha G , Javaherian Kavon , Cabezas Joaquin , Verma Neha , Barritt A Sidney , Bataller Ramon 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesEffective oral therapies for hepatitis B and C have recently been developed, while there are no approved pharmacological therapies for alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (ALD and NAFLD). We hypothesise that fewer advances in fatty liver diseases could be related to disparities in research attention.MethodsWe developed the Attention-to-Burden Index (ABI) that compares the research activities during 2010–2014, and an estimate of disease burden of these 4 major liver diseases. The resulting ratio reflects either overattention (positive value) or inadequate attention (negative value) compared with disease burden. The mean research attention and disease burden were calculated from 5 and 6 different parameters, respectively. The efficacy rate of current pharmacological therapies was assessed from published clinical trials.FindingsThe mean research attention for hepatitis B and C was 31% and 47%, respectively, while NAFLD and ALD received 17% and 5%. The overall burden was 5% and 28% for hepatitis B and C, and 17% and 50% for NAFLD and ALD. The calculated ABI for hepatitis B and C revealed a +6.7-fold and +1.7-fold overattention, respectively. NAFLD received an appropriate attention compared with its burden, while ALD received marked inadequate attention of −9.7-fold. The efficacy rate of current pharmacological agents was 72% for hepatitis B, 89% for hepatitis C, 25% for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and 13% for alcoholic hepatitis. Importantly, we found a positive correlation between the mean attention and the efficacy rate of current therapies in these 4 major liver diseases.InterpretationThere are important disparities between research attention and disease burden among the major liver diseases. While viral hepatitis has received considerable attention, there is a marked inadequate attention to ALD. There is a critical need to increase awareness of ALD in the liver research community.
Is socioeconomic position associated with risk of attempted suicide in rural Sri Lanka? A cross-sectional study of 165 000 individuals
Authors: Knipe D W , Gunnell D , Pieris R , Priyadarshana C , Weerasinghe M , Pearson M , Jayamanne S , Dawson A H , Mohamed F , Gawarammana I , Hawton K , Konradsen F , Eddleston M , Metcalfe C 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundLower socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviour in high-income countries, but this association is unclear in low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsWe investigated the association of SEP with attempted suicide in a cross-sectional survey of 165 233 Sri Lankans. SEP data were collected at the household (assets, social standing (highest occupation of a household member), foreign employment and young (≤40 years) female-headed households) and individual level (education and occupation). Respondent-reported data on suicide attempts in the past year were recorded. Random-effects logistic regression models, accounting for clustering, were used to investigate the association of SEP with attempted suicide.ResultsHouseholds reported 398 attempted suicides in the preceding year (239 per 100 000). Fewer assets (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.4 to 4.4) and having a daily wage labourer (ie, insecure/low-income job; OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.2) as the highest occupation increased the risk of an attempted suicide within households. At an individual level, daily wage labourers were at an increased risk of attempted suicide compared with farmers. The strongest associations were with low levels of education (OR 4.6, 95% CI 2.5 to 8.4), with a stronger association in men than women.ConclusionsWe found that indicators of lower SEP are associated with increased risk of attempted suicide in rural Sri Lanka. Longitudinal studies with objective measures of suicide attempts are needed to confirm this association.Trial registration numberNCT01146496; Pre-results.
Sport and scholastic factors in relation to smoking and smoking initiation in older adolescents: a prospective cohort study in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Sekulic Damir , Sisic Nedim , Terzic Admir , Jasarevic Indira , Ostojic Ljerka , Pojskic Haris , Zenic Natasa 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveSport and scholastic factors are known to be associated with cigarette smoking in adolescence, but little is known about the causality of this association. The aim of this study was to prospectively explore the relationships of different sport and scholastic factors with smoking prevalence initiation in older adolescents from Bosnia and Herzegovina.MethodsIn this 2-year prospective cohort study, there were 872 adolescent participants (16 years at baseline; 46% females). The study consisted of baseline tests at the beginning of the third year (September 2013) and follow-up at the end of the fourth year of high school (late May to early June 2015). The independent variables were scholastic and sport-related factors. The dependent variables were (1) smoking at baseline, (2) smoking at follow-up and (3) smoking initiation over the course of the study. Logistic regressions controlling for age, gender and socioeconomic status were applied to define the relationships between independent and dependent variables.ResultsSchool absence at the baseline study was a significant predictor of smoking initiation during the course of the study (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8). Those who reported quitting sports at baseline showed an increased risk of smoking at the end of the study (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0) and of smoking initiation (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.0). Adolescents who reported lower competitive achievements in sport were at a higher risk of (1) smoking at baseline (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.1), (2) smoking at follow-up (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.1) and (3) smoking initiation (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.6).ConclusionsIn developing accurate antismoking public health policies for older adolescents, the most vulnerable groups should be targeted. The results showed that most participants initiated smoking before 16 years of age. Therefore, further investigations should evaluate the predictors of smoking in younger ages.
High Mammographic Density in Long-Term Night-Shift Workers: DDM-Spain/Var-DDM
Authors: Pedraza-Flechas Ana María , Lope Virginia , Sánchez-Contador Carmen , Santamariña Carmen , Pedraz-Pingarrón Carmen , Moreo Pilar , Ederra María , Miranda-García Josefa , Vidal Carmen , Llobet Rafael , Aragonés Nuria , Salas-Trejo Dolores , Pollán Marina , Pérez-Gómez Beatriz 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background: Night-shift work (NSW) has been suggested as a possible cause of breast cancer, and its association with mammographic density (MD), one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer, has been scarcely addressed. This study examined NSW and MD in Spanish women.
Methods: The study covered 2,752 women aged 45–68 years recruited in 2007–2008 in 7 population-based public breast cancer screening centers, which included 243 women who had performed NSW for at least one year. Occupational data and information on potential confounders were collected by personal interview. Two trained radiologist estimated the percentage of MD assisted by a validated semiautomatic computer tool (DM-scan). Multivariable mixed linear regression models with random screening center–specific intercepts were fitted using log-transformed percentage of MD as the dependent variable and adjusting by known confounding variables.
Results: Having ever worked in NSW was not associated with MD [{e^\beta }$:0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86–1.06]. However, the adjusted geometric mean of the percentage of MD in women with NSW for more than 15 years was 25% higher than that of those without NSW history (MD&gt;15 years:20.7% vs. MDnever:16.5%;{e^\beta }$:1.25; 95% CI,1.01–1.54). This association was mainly observed in postmenopausal participants ({e^\beta }$:1.28; 95% CI, 1.00–1.64). Among NSW-exposed women, those with ≤2 night-shifts per week had higher MD than those with 5 to 7 nightshifts per week ({e^\beta }$:1.42; 95% CI, 1.10–1.84).
Conclusions: Performing NSW was associated with higher MD only in women with more than 15 years of cumulated exposure. These findings warrant replication in futures studies.
Impact: Our findings suggest that MD could play a role in the pathway between long-term NSW and breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(6); 905–13. ©2017 AACR.
Potent Dual BET Bromodomain-Kinase Inhibitors as Value-Added Multitargeted Chemical Probes and Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Ember Stuart W. , Lambert Que T. , Berndt Norbert , Gunawan Steven , Ayaz Muhammad , Tauro Marilena , Zhu Jin-Yi , Cranfill Paula J. , Greninger Patricia , Lynch Conor C. , Benes Cyril H. , Lawrence Harshani R. , Reuther Gary W. , Lawrence Nicholas J. , Schönbrunn Ernst 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Synergistic action of kinase and BET bromodomain inhibitors in cell killing has been reported for a variety of cancers. Using the chemical scaffold of the JAK2 inhibitor TG101348, we developed and characterized single agents which potently and simultaneously inhibit BRD4 and a specific set of oncogenic tyrosine kinases including JAK2, FLT3, RET, and ROS1. Lead compounds showed on-target inhibition in several blood cancer cell lines and were highly efficacious at inhibiting the growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm. Screening across 931 cancer cell lines revealed differential growth inhibitory potential with highest activity against bone and blood cancers and greatly enhanced activity over the single BET inhibitor JQ1. Gene drug sensitivity analyses and drug combination studies indicate synergism of BRD4 and kinase inhibition as a plausible reason for the superior potency in cell killing. Combined, our findings indicate promising potential of these agents as novel chemical probes and cancer therapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(6); 1054–67. ©2017 AACR.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПРІОРИТЕТНИХ НАПРЯМКІВ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОГО ТА СУСПІЛЬНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ У ФАРМАЦІЇ
Authors: Susharyna I. V. , Nemchenko A. S. , Homenko V. M. 
Published: March 2017

Мета роботи. Визначення пріоритетних напрямків удосконалення державного та суспільного регулювання у фармації.Матеріали і методи. Були використані системний підхід, аналітичний, статистичний, графічний та метод анкетного опитування респондентів.Результати й обговорення. За результатами проведеного анкетного опитування фахівців були визначені проблеми та встановлені найбільш важливі пріоритети щодо реформування системи державного й суспільного регулювання у фармації. Одержані результати опитування фахівців за 2011 – 2012 рр. та 2015-2016 рр. було порівняно з даними дослідження 2007 р. Було реалізовано актуальне завдання щодо оцінки проблем розвитку вітчизняної фармації та визначення пріоритетних напрямків удосконалення державного та суспільного регулювання у вітчизняній фармації за останні десять років.Висновки. Встановлено, що найбільш ефективними засобами державного регулювання респонденти вважають економічні (більше 71 % спеціалістів фармації та 80 % керівників відповідно). Слід зазначити, що за останні десять років у даному випадку змінились пріоритети, у дослідженні 2007 р. більше 80,0 % опитаних (перше місце) віддавали перевагу використанню засобам правового спрямування. Встановлено, що більше 60 % керівників та спеціалістів вважають можливим повну передачу громадським організаціям функції атестації фармацевтичних кадрів. Понад 35 % фахівців фармації вважають можливою передачу громадським організаціям й таких функцій, як ліцензування діяльності, пов’язаної з роздрібною реалізацією ліків, а також акредитація установ, закладів і підприємств фармацевтичної галузі (більш ніж 17 %).
СИНТЕЗ 3-ПІРИДИЛЗАМІЩЕНИХ 4-ТІАЗОЛІДИНОНІВ ЯК ПОТЕНЦІЙНИХ БІОЛОГІЧНО АКТИВНИХ СПОЛУК
Authors: Wojtyra M. N. , Lesyk R. B. 
Published: March 2017

Мета роботи. Здійснити синтез 3-піридилзаміщених 5-ариліден-4-тіазолідинонів потенційних біологічно активних сполук.Матеріали і методи. Вихідні реагенти синтезовані за відомими методиками із комерційно доступних реактивів. 1H ЯМР спектри знімались на приладі Varian Gemini 400 MHz. Температури плавлення визначали на приладі BŰCHI B-545.Результати й обговорення. Одержано 3-піридилзаміщені 5-ариліден-2-тіоксо-4-тіазолідинони на основі методу Гольмберга та реакції Кньовенагеля. Для синтезу структурно подібних 3-(2-піридил)-2,4-тіазолідиндіонів запропоновано двохетапний підхід, який базується на однореакторній («one-pot») трикомпонентній реакції 1-бензоїл-3-(піридин-2-іл)-2-тіосечовини, монохлороцтової кислоти та ароматичного альдегіду з утворенням 5-ариліден-2-бензоїліміно-3-(2-піридил)-4-тіазолідинонів, які при кислотному гідролізі з високими виходами утворюють цільові продукти. Структура синтезованих сполук підтверджена методом спектроскопії ПМР.Висновки. Синтезовано серію нових 3-піридилзаміщених похідних роданіну, тіазолідиндіону і псевдотіогідантоїну. Стереоселективність реакції Кньовенагеля і утворення 5-(Z)-ариліден-4-тіазолідинонів підтверждено даними спектрів ПМР.
СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН СТВОРЕННЯ, ВИРОБНИЦТВА ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТАБЛЕТОВАНИХ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ. Повідомлення 27. Основні аспекти виготовлення лікарських засобів у формі льодяників
Authors: Hordiienko O. I. , Нroshovyi T. A. 
Published: March 2017

Мета роботи. Опрацювати та узагальнити літературні дані про переваги та недоліки, класифікацію, особливості технології виготовлення, контроль якості, пакування та зберігання медичних льодяників.Матеріали і методи. Огляд літератури про лікарську форму – льодяники.Результати й обговорення. Льодяники – це тверді однодозові лікарські засоби для смоктання, що містять одну або більше діючих речовин, звичайно в ароматній і солодкій основі, і призначені для повільного розчинення або розпадання у роті при смоктанні. Залежно від місця дії, вони можуть проявляти місцеві або системні ефекти. За текстурою і складом льодяники поділяють на жувальні, м’які, пресовані, тверді цукеркові, а також льодяники із наповненням всередині. Після виготовлення льодяники проходять контроль якості, а саме: загальний контроль виробництва цукеркової основи, визначення вмісту вологи, співвідношення цукру і кукурудзяного сиропу та відновлюючих цукрів. Також проводять фізичні та хімічні випробування льодяників, мікробіологічне дослідження і тестування стабільності.Висновки. Льодяники не втрачають своєї популярності як лікарська форма і залишаються у промисловому виробництві. Це пояснюється широким рядом лікарських засобів, що можуть входити в їхній склад, приємністю та зручністю введення, можливістю використання в педіатрії та геріатрії, економічністю тощо.
Transcatheter Treatment of Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation With the Edge-to-Edge MitraClip Technique
Authors: Nickenig Georg , Kowalski Marek , Hausleiter Jörg , Braun Daniel , Schofer Joachim , Yzeiraj Ermela , Rudolph Volker , Friedrichs Kai , Maisano Francesco , Taramasso Maurizio , Fam Neil , Bianchi Giovanni , Bedogni Francesco , Denti Paolo , Alfieri Ottavio , Latib Azeem , Colombo Antonio , Hammerstingl Christoph , Schueler Robert 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Current surgical and medical treatment options for severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) are limited, and additional interventional approaches are required. In the present observational study, the safety and feasibility of transcatheter repair of chronic severe TR with the MitraClip system were evaluated. In addition, the effects on clinical symptoms were assessed.

Methods:
Patients with heart failure symptoms and severe TR on optimal medical treatment were treated with the MitraClip system. Safety, defined as periprocedural adverse events such as death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiac tamponade, and feasibility, defined as successful implantation of 1 or more MitraClip devices and reduction of TR by at least 1 grade, were evaluated before discharge and after 30 days. In addition, functional outcome, defined as changes in New York Heart Assocation class and 6-minute walking distance, were assessed.

Results:

We included 64 consecutive patients (mean age 76.6±10 years) deemed unsuitable for surgery who underwent MitraClip treatment for chronic, severe TR for compassionate use. Functional TR was present in 88%; in addition, 22 patients were also treated with the MitraClip system for mitral regurgitation as a combined procedure. The degree of TR was severe or massive in 88% of patients before the procedure. The MitraClip device was successfully implanted in the tricuspid valve in 97% of the cases. After the procedure, TR was reduced by at least 1 grade in 91% of the patients, thereof 4% that were reduced from massive to severe. In 13% of patients, TR remained severe after the procedure. Significant reductions in effective regurgitant orifice area (0.9±0.3cm
2
versus 0.4±0.2cm
2
;
P
<0.001), vena contracta width (1.1±0.5 cm versus 0.6±0.3 cm;
P
=0.001), and regurgitant volume (57.2±12.8 mL/beat versus 30.8±6.9 mL/beat;
P
<0.001) were observed. No intraprocedural deaths, cardiac tamponade, emergency surgery, stroke, myocardial infarction, or major vascular complications occurred. Three (5%) in-hospital deaths occurred. New York Heart Association class was significantly improved (
P
<0.001), and 6-minute walking distance increased significantly (165.9±102.5 m versus 193.5±115.9 m;
P
=0.007).

Conclusions:
Transcatheter treatment of TR with the MitraClip system seems to be safe and feasible in this cohort of preselected patients. Initial efficacy analysis showed encouraging reduction of TR, which may potentially result in improved clinical outcomes.
A New Model of Christian Interaction with the Jews: The Institutum Judaicum and Missions to the Jews in the Atlantic World
Authors: Ariel Yaakov 
Published: March 2017

The Institutum Judaicum represented a new movement in the realm of Christian interactions with the Jews. The mission, and the Pietist movement as a whole, proposed an alternative, non-supersessionist understanding of the Jews and their role in history. They made efforts to interact with that people and share with them the Pietist reading of the scriptures and a messianic vision for the End Times. While they considered their version of Christianity to be superior to the Jewish faith and maintained stereotypical images of Jews, they also militated for improvement of Christian treatments of Jewish minorities.
The mission in Halle did not remain a local isolated development. Its activities took place in certain parts of continental Europe, but its ambitions were global, and much of its work was in the realm of publications intended for Jewish and Christian audiences beyond its immediate areas of operation. The mission’s heritage and long-range influence went further than the time and geographical scope of its activity. Following in the footsteps of the Halle Pietists, numerous Pietist and evangelical missions sprang up, mostly in the Atlantic region, but often extending their activities to other parts of the Jewish world. The evangelical movement, which eclipsed Pietists in the size and influence of its activity, adopted many elements of the Pietist understanding of and interaction with the Jews.
Advantages of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair With a Transosseous Suture Technique: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Randelli Pietro , Stoppani Carlo Alberto , Zaolino Carlo , Menon Alessandra , Randelli Filippo , Cabitza Paolo 
Published: March 2017

Background:Rotator cuff tear is a common finding in patients with painful, poorly functioning shoulders. The surgical management of this disorder has improved greatly and can now be fully arthroscopic.Purpose:To evaluate clinical and radiological results of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using 2 different techniques: single-row anchor fixation versus transosseous hardware-free suture repair.Study Design:Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.Methods:Sixty-nine patients with rotator cuff tears were enrolled: 35 patients were operated with metal anchors and 34 with standardized transosseous repair. The patients were clinically evaluated before surgery, during the 28 days after surgery, and at least 1 year after the operation by the use of validated rating scores (Constant score, QuickDASH, and numerical rating scale [NRS]). Final follow-up was obtained at more than 3 years by a QuickDASH evaluation to detect any difference from the previous follow-up. During the follow-up, rotator cuff integrity was determined through magnetic resonance imaging and was classified according to the 5 Sugaya categories.Results:Patients operated with the transosseous technique had significantly less pain, especially from the 15th postoperative day: In the third week, the mean NRS value for the anchor group was 3.00 while that for transosseous group was 2.46 ( P = .02); in the fourth week, the values were 2.44 and 1.76, respectively ( P < .01). No differences in functional outcome were noted between the 2 groups at the final evaluation. In the evaluation of rotator cuff repair integrity, based on Sugaya magnetic resonance imaging classification, no significant difference was found between the 2 techniques in terms of retear rate ( P = .81).Conclusion:No significant differences were found between the 2 arthroscopic repair techniques in terms of functional and radiological results. However, postoperative pain decreased more quickly after the transosseous procedure, which therefore emerges as a possible improvement in the surgical repair of the rotator cuff.Registration:NCT01815177 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Prevalence of sickle cell disease among Grenadian newborns
Authors: Antoine Magdalene , Lee Ketty , Donald Tyhiesia , Belfon Yonni , Drigo Ali , Polson Sharon , Martin Francis , Mitchell George , Etienne-Julan Maryse , Hardy-Dessources Marie-Dominique 
Published: March 2017

Objective To establish the birth prevalence of sickle cell disease in Grenada, with a view to assess the requirement for a population-based neonatal screening programme. Methods A two-year pilot neonatal screening programme, involving the Ministry of Health of Grenada, the Sickle Cell Association of Grenada, and the diagnostic laboratory of hemoglobinopathies of the University Hospital of Guadeloupe, was implemented in 2014–2015 under the auspices of the Caribbean Network of Researchers on Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassemia. Results Analysis of 1914 samples processed identified the following abnormal phenotypes: 10 FS, 2 FSC, 183 FAS, 63 FAC. These data indicate βs and βc allele frequencies of 0.054 and 0.018, respectively. Conclusion Neonatal screening conducted in the framework of this Caribbean cooperation can allow rapid detection and earlier management of affected children.