bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital surveillance of influenza strains: a concordant image of viruses identified by the Swiss Sentinel system?
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Rita , Iten Anne , Suter‐Boquete Patricia , Schibler Manuel , Kaiser Laurent , Cordey Samuel 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe Swiss Sentinel system for influenza virus surveillance reports influenza‐like illness in the community through a network of primary care practitioners, but the epidemiologic, demographic, and virological characterization may differ from that observed in hospitalized patients with influenza.ObjectiveTo compare demographic and virological data from hospital influenza cases with Sentinel system data during the 2014–2015 season.MethodsWe included 2623 in‐ and outpatients with a screening request for influenza A/B in a university teaching hospital in Geneva, Switzerland, and 933 participants from the Swiss Sentinel surveillance system and compared the demographic and virological data of the two populations, including the respective distribution of influenza subtypes, and conducted a phylogenetic comparison at the HA1 level of influenza viruses recovered in community and hospital cases.ResultsThere were similar proportions of influenza strains recovered in the hospital and in the community (H3N2, 57.1% and 56.9%; H1N1pdm09, 15.5% and 14.2%; B, 27.4% and 28.8%, respectively). HA1 sequence analysis confirmed that all three strains were genetically similar between the two populations. During this particular season, influenza cases were detected earlier in the hospital than in the Sentinel system.ConclusionsAlthough an influenza surveillance system based on the community can predict the type of influenza strains that will be associated with hospitalizations, it fails to estimate the potential virulence of circulating strains. Further, the population characteristics in the community differ from those in hospitalized patients. This suggests that any national influenza surveillance system should include both community‐ and hospital‐based surveys.
Predictors of shell size in long‐lived lake gastropods
Authors: Neubauer Thomas A. , Georgopoulou Elisavet , Harzhauser Mathias , Mandic Oleg , Kroh Andreas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate shell size variation among gastropod faunas of fossil and recent long‐lived European lakes and discuss potential underlying processes.LocationTwenty‐three long‐lived lakes of the Miocene to Recent of Europe.MethodsBased on a dataset of 1412 species of both fossil and extant lacustrine gastropods, we assessed differences in shell size in terms of characteristics of the faunas (species richness, degree of endemism, differences in family composition) and the lakes (surface area, latitude and longitude of lake centroid, distance to closest neighbouring lake) using multiple and linear regression models. Because of a strong species–area relationship, we used resampling to determine whether any observed correlation is driven by that relationship.ResultsThe regression models indicated size range expansion rather than unidirectional increase or decrease as the dominant pattern of size evolution. The multiple regression models for size range and maximum and minimum size were statistically significant, while the model with mean size was not. Individual contributions and linear regressions indicated species richness and lake surface area as best predictors for size changes. Resampling analysis revealed no significant effects of species richness on the observed patterns. The correlations are comparable across families of different size classes, suggesting a general pattern.Main conclusionsAmong the chosen variables, species richness and lake surface area are the most robust predictors of shell size in long‐lived lake gastropods. Although the most outstanding and attractive examples for size evolution in lacustrine gastropods come from lakes with extensive durations, shell size appears to be independent of the duration of the lake as well as longevity of a species. The analogue of long‐lived lakes as ‘evolutionary islands’ does not hold for developments of shell size because different sets of parameters predict size changes.
Strengthening the Rule of Law in the EU: The Council's Inaction
Authors: Oliver Peter , Stefanelli Justine 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn May 2014 the Legal Service of the Council delivered an opinion on the European Commission's Rule of Law Framework, stating the Commission's new mechanism was unlawful. This article sets out a critical analysis of this opinion, and questions whether the annual rule of law dialogue announced by the Council in December 2014 is a feasible response. Hungary is used as a case study to highlight the total failure of the Council to take any action whatsoever in the face of the grave and systemic abuses of human rights committed by the government of that country since 2010; and Poland where an autocratic regime has been in place since the autumn of 2015 is also mentioned. This is contrasted with the efforts of the majority of the Members of the European Parliament to tackle the acute challenge and with the Commission's action on specific breaches. A co‐ordinated strategy is sorely needed.
Periodontal condition in relation to intake of omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Jauhiainen Leena , Ylöstalo Pekka , Männistö Satu , Kanerva Noora , Knuuttila Matti , Suominen Anna L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimTo examine whether the intake of omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is associated with periodontal condition.Material and MethodsThe study population consisted of non‐smoking, non‐diabetic and non‐rheumatoid individuals in the Health 2000 Survey in Finland. Analyses were made in two age groups: 30–49 years (n = 1212) and 50–79 years (n = 980). Clinically determined sextants with gingival bleeding and teeth with periodontal pockets were used as outcome variables. Dietary data were collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Energy‐adjusted intakes of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), omega‐3 and omega‐6 PUFAs, as well as ratios of EPA/AA and of DHA/AA, and omega‐3/omega‐6 PUFAs were used as exposures. Prevalence rate ratios were estimated using Poisson regression models.ResultsIn this population, there were no statistically significant associations between the examined omega‐3 or omega‐6 fatty acids or their ratios and the periodontal outcome variables.ConclusionsThis cross‐sectional study provided evidence that individual omega‐3 or omega‐6 fatty acids, their subclasses or ratios are not associated with periodontal health among a non‐diabetic, non‐rheumatoid and non‐smoking population.
Periodontal infectogenomics: systematic review of associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbial detection
Authors: Nibali Luigi , Di Iorio Anna , Onabolu Olanrewaju , Lin Guo‐Hao 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundRecent research is increasingly showing that host genetic variants can affect the colonization by specific microbes. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbial detection and counts.Materials and MethodsA systematic search of the literature was conducted in Ovid Medline, Embase, LILACS and Cochrane Library for studies reporting data on host genetic variants and detection of microbes subgingivally.ResultsA total of 43 studies were included in the review, from an initial search of 3887 titles. Studies consisted mainly of candidate gene studies and of one genome‐wide analysis. Some promising associations were detected between single nucleotide polymorphisms and microbial detection. The only feasible meta‐analysis failed to show any association between Interleukin 1 (IL1) genetic variants and detection of periodontopathogenic bacteria subgingivally.ConclusionsThere is no evidence yet that neither IL1 genetic polymorphisms nor other investigated genetic polymorphisms are associated with presence and counts of subgingival bacteria. Further studies on large populations with replication samples should clarify the possible effects of other genetic variants on the subgingival microbiota.
Reliability of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale and a 4‐point scale in evaluating linear facial surgical scars
Authors: Liu X. , Nelemans P.J. , Van Winden M. , Kelleners‐Smeets N.W.J. , Mosterd K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn order to evaluate and improve aesthetic outcome for patients undergoing dermatological surgery, a reliable evaluation tool must be used. The 4‐point scale and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) were both developed for this purpose.ObjectiveTo compare the reliability of thePOSASscale with the 4‐point scale for facial linear surgical scars and to assess the influence of different scar characteristics on the overall impression.MethodsPatients visiting the outpatient clinics of the Maastricht University Medical Centre with linear facial scars were included. The 4‐point scale and the Observer Scar Assessment Scale (OSAS) were completed by three independent observers. The Patient Scar Assessment Scale (PSAS) was completed by the patient on the day of the visit and 2 weeks later. The intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the reliability of the scales. Linear multivariate regression analyses were performed to evaluate how the score on each aspect affected the overall opinion.ResultsFifty scars in 50 patients were included. TheICCof the 4‐point scale was 0.819 (95%CI: 0.708–0.892) for multiple observers and 0.602 (95%CI: 0.447–0.734) for single observer. These were superior to theICCs of totalOSASscores (0.783 95%CI: 0.547–0.888 for multiple observers and 0.546 95%CI: 0.287–0.726 for single observer).ICCs of individual sub‐items on theOSASscored even lower. The sub‐items contributed differently to the overall opinion among the different observers or patient.ConclusionIn terms of reliability, the overall opinion and the 4‐point scale were superior to the totalPOSASscore or the sub‐items. Observers do not weight individual scar characteristics equally to arrive at an overall opinion, which challenges the assumption that calculating a totalPOSASscore by summing of the scores on the individual items is a valid approach.
Risk of periodontitis in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Egeberg A. , Mallbris L. , Gislason G. , Hansen P.R. , Mrowietz U. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory disorders with overlapping inflammatory pathways, but data on risk of periodontitis in psoriasis are scarce and a possible pathogenic link is poorly understood.ObjectiveWe investigated the association between psoriasis and periodontitis in a nationwide cohort study.MethodsAll Danish individuals aged ≥18 years between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2011 (n = 5,470,428), including 54 210 and 6988 patients with mild and severe psoriasis, and 6428 with psoriatic arthritis, were linked through administrative registers. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated by Poisson regression.ResultsIncidence rates of periodontitis per 10 000 person‐years were 3.07 (3.03–3.12), 5.89 (1.07–6.84), 8.27 (5.50–12.45) and 11.12 (7.87–15.73) for the reference population, mild psoriasis, severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis respectively. Adjusted IRRs were (1.66; 1.43–1.94) for mild psoriasis, (2.24; 1.46–3.44) for severe psoriasis and (3.48; 2.46–4.92) for psoriatic arthritis. Similar results were found when a case–control design was applied.ConclusionsWe found a significant psoriasis‐associated increased risk of periodontitis, which was highest in patients with severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
Trichoblastoma: is a clinical or dermoscopic diagnosis possible?
Authors: Ghigliotti G. , De Col E. , Parodi A. , Bombonato C. , Argenziano G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundTrichoblastoma is a rare benign skin tumour that must be differentiated from basal cell carcinoma for its benign course and favourable outcome.ObjectivesTo describe clinical and dermoscopic features of solitary primitive trichoblastoma and to compare them with trichoblastic basal cell carcinoma (tBCC).MethodsDigital dermoscopic images of 19 trichoblastoma and 19 tBCC were compared and reviewed by a dermatologist experienced in dermoscopy.ResultsThe most striking dermoscopic difference between trichoblastoma and tBCC was the presence of blue‐grey globules and blue‐grey ovoid nests that were found to be more frequent but not exclusive of tBCC. Arborizing vessels were found both in trichoblastoma and tBCC, with a lower frequency in the latter.ConclusionHistology remains the gold standard to differentiate trichoblastoma from tBCC.
Alternative reproductive tactics and reproductive success in male Carollia perspicillata (Seba's short‐tailed bat)
Authors: Fasel N. , Saladin V. , Richner H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe use of alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) is widespread in animals. Males of some species may change tactics depending on age, body condition and social environment. Many bat species are polygynous where a fraction of males only have access to fertile females. For polygynous bats, knowledge of the reproductive success of males using different ARTs is scarce, and it remains unclear how age of males is related to switching decisions between social statuses. We studied a large captive population of Carollia perspicillata, where males are either harem holders, bachelors or peripheral males. Using a multistate procedure, we modelled the age‐related switches in reproductive tactics and in survival probability. From the model, we calculated the reproductive success and the frequencies of males displaying different reproductive tactics. As in mammals, the switch between social statuses is often related to age, we predicted that the transition probability of bachelor and peripheral males to harem status would increase with age. We show, however, that social status transition towards a harem holding position was not related to age. Reproductive success changed with age and social status. Harem males had a significantly higher reproductive success than bachelor males except between a short period from 3.8 to 4.4 years of age where success was similar, and a significantly higher reproductive success than peripheral males between 2.6 and 4.4 years of age. Harem males showed a clear decrease in the probability of maintaining social status with age, which suggests that senescence reduces resource holding potential.
Efficacy of Diode Laser and Gluma on Post‐Preparation Sensitivity: A Randomized Split‐Mouth Clinical Study
Authors: Kara Haluk Baris , Cakan Umut , Yilmaz Burcu , Inan Kurugol Pelin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of a 940‐nm diode laser and Gluma desensitizer on post‐preparation sensitivity of prepared teeth.Materials and MethodsTwenty patients with 76 teeth participated in the study. For each patient, prepared molar or premolar in one quadrant were individually irradiated by laser. In the symmetrical quadrant, Gluma was applied onto the prepared teeth. No treatment was performed in the control group. Temporary crowns were placed after preparation. Pain response to tactile stimulus was assessed at one day, one week, and two weeks using visual analog scale (VAS). Intergroup comparisons were made with Kruskal Wallis test (p < 0.05).ResultsMean VAS scores of the control group were statistically higher than laser and Gluma groups (p < 0.017). The difference between VAS scores of the laser and Gluma groups was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05).ConclusionsA significant reduction in level of sensitivity after both treatments was observed. The reduction of sensitivity with Gluma was not significantly superior to laser. No significant additional reduction occurred in level of sensitivity from the first day to the second week after both treatments.Clinical SignificanceThe application of Gluma or a 940‐nm diode laser may be considered as effective in reducing sensitivity after tooth preparation without superiority of either method. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:405–411, 2016)
Effect of grain‐scale pressure variations on garnet growth: a numerical approach
Authors: Zhong X. , Vrijmoed J.C. , Tajčmanová L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGrain‐scale pressure variations have recently been investigated due to its significant effect on the observed microstructures and chemical redistribution in metamorphic rocks. In this study, the impact of grain‐scale pressure variation on a growing garnet grain is investigated. We model prograde garnet growth at fluid‐saturated conditions and sufficiently low temperature (<650 °C) to avoid modification of the inner part of the grain by diffusion. The method uses the Perple_X computer program package combined with Matlab® scripts allowing for a heterogeneous fluid pressure distribution around the growing grain. It is shown that the pressure variation around the grain may result in an asymmetric chemical zonation. Motivated by the result, we apply the model to selected published prograde paths to evaluate the magnitude of the pressure variation that is necessary for the development of the asymmetric zoning preserved in the samples. The magnitude of such a pressure gradient in the selected samples may correspond up to 1 kbar. Finally, it is demonstrated that the modelling of asymmetric chemical zoning in garnet under a pressure gradient may improve the precision of thermobarometric constraints. The numerical model evaluates the effect of the pressure gradient on a growing grain and thus can serve as a benchmark tool in future development of fully coupled models involving rock deformation and mineral reactions.
Examining the relationship between childhood health conditions and health service utilisation at school entry and subsequent academic performance in a large cohort of Australian children
Authors: Nasuuna Esther , Santoro Giuseppe , Kremer Peter , de Silva Andrea M 
Published: July 2016

AimChronic health conditions are associated with poor academic outcomes. This study examines the relationship between health conditions, specialist health service utilisation and academic performance in Australian children.MethodsThis was a quasi‐longitudinal study where School Entrant Health Questionnaire (a survey tool with parent report on children's health) data for 24 678 children entering school in 2008 was matched with the 2011 National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN). Linear and logistic regressions were used to examine associations between health conditions, use of a specialist health service and reading and numeracy scores.ResultsThe study comprised 24 678 children. Children with allergies, very low birth weight, developmental delay, diabetes, spina bifida, cystic fibrosis, birth abnormality, speech problems, intellectual disability and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder had lower numeracy scores than those without any of these conditions (P < 0.05). The same children had higher odds (1.2–5.8) of being at or below the national minimum standard for numeracy. Children with developmental delay, epilepsy, dental problems, speech, intellectual disabilities and low birth weight had lower reading scores than those without these conditions (P < 0.05) and had higher odds of being at (odds ratio: 1.3) or below (odds ratio: 3.7) the national minimum standard for reading. Children with health conditions who had ever accessed specialist health services did not differ in their academic performance from those that had not used specialist health services.ConclusionsSome health conditions put children at risk of poorer academic performance, and interventions to prevent this such as appropriate support services in schools should be considered.
Evaluation of malnutrition as a predictor of adverse outcomes in febrile neutropenia associated with paediatric haematological malignancies
Authors: Chaudhuri Jasodhara , Biswas Tamoghna , Datta Jyotishka , Sabui Tapas Kumar , Chatterjee Sukanta , Ray Somosri , Raychaudhuri Dibyendu , Mandal Kalyanbrata , Chatterjee Kaushani , Chakraborty Swapna 
Published: July 2016

AimMalnutrition has been reported in the literature to be adversely associated with outcomes in paediatric malignancies. Our objective in this paper was to evaluate malnutrition as a potential predictor for adverse outcomes in febrile neutropenia associated with haematological malignancies.MethodsA prospective observational study was performed in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Kolkata, India. Forty‐eight participants, suffering from haematological malignancy, were included. Participants were included if they experienced at least one episode of febrile neutropenia. For children aged <5 years, weight for height, height for age and weight for age were used as criteria for defining malnutrition, while body mass index for age was used in children ≥5 years. A total of 162 episodes of febrile neutropenia were studied.ResultsThirty patients (30/48, 62.5%) included in the study had malnutrition. In bivariate analyses at patient level, there is a strong association between malnutrition and death (odds ratio (OR) 7.286, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.838–63.345, one‐tailed P = 0.044), and life‐threatening complications show a moderate trend towards significance (OR 3.333, 95% CI 0.791–14.052, one‐tailed P = 0.084). Survival functions were significantly different between malnourished and non‐malnourished children (log rank test χ2 = 4.609, degree of freedom = 1, P = 0.032). Wasting was associated with life‐threatening complications in children aged <5 years (OR 14, 95% CI 1.135–172.642, one‐tailed P = 0.036). Logistic regression analyses at episode level revealed that phase of treatment and respiratory system involvement were significant predictors of death, while malnutrition was not.ConclusionMalnutrition may be a potential predictor of mortality in febrile neutropenia.
Nitrogen fixation by the diazotroph Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanophyceae)
Authors: Willis Anusuya , Chuang Ann W. , Burford Michele A. 
Published: July 2016

Nitrogen fixation has been proposed as a mechanism that allows the diazotrophic cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, to bloom in nitrogen‐limited freshwater systems. However, it is unclear whether dinitrogen fixation (N2 fixation) can supplement available dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) for growth, or only provides minimum nitrogen (N) for cell maintenance under DIN deplete conditions. Additionally, the rate at which cells can switch between DIN use and N2 fixation is unknown. This study investigated N2 fixation under a range of nitrate concentrations. Cultures were grown with pretreatments of nitrate replete (single dose 941 μmol · L−1) and N‐free conditions and then either received a single dose of 941 μmol · L−1 (N941), 118 μmol · L−1 (N118) or 0 N. Heterocysts appeared from days 3 to 5 when treatments of high were transferred to N free media (N941:N0), and from day 5 in N941 transferred to N118 treatments. Conversely, transferring cells from N0 to N941 resulted in heterocysts being discarded from day 3 and day 5 for N0:N118. Heterocyst appearance correlated with a detectable rate of N2 fixation and up‐regulation of nifH gene expression, the discard of heterocysts occurred after sequential reduction of nifH expression and N2 fixation. Nitrate uptake rates were not affected by pretreatment, suggesting no regulation or saturation of this uptake pathway. These data demonstrate that for C. raciborskii, N2 fixation is regulated by the production or discard of heterocysts. In conclusion, this study has shown that N2 fixation only provides enough N to support relatively low growth under N‐limited conditions, and does not supplement available nitrate to increase growth rates.