bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Electrofishing Techniques and Effort Allocation across Diel Time Periods, Seasons, Sites, and Habitat in the Ohio Coastal Waters of Western Lake Erie
Authors: Ross J. E. , Mayer C. M. , Tyson J. T. , Weimer E. J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Coastal (&lt;3-m depth) and nearshore (3–15-m depth) zones of large freshwater lakes are generally rich in complex habitats that are important for fisheries, but they are often highly degraded and understudied. We identified spatial and temporal sampling efficiencies for monitoring coastal fish communities in a large freshwater lake by use of electrofishing. During 2011 and 2012, we sampled 21 coastal sites in Lake Erie's western basin via daytime and nighttime electrofishing with multiple replicates throughout the summer sampling season. Nighttime electrofishing captured more species and more individuals with less effort than daytime electrofishing; nighttime electrofishing conducted early in the season (i.e., late spring and early summer) was more efficient than that conducted late in the season (i.e., late summer and early fall). A sampling design based on 500 m of shoreline per site required fewer sites and person-hours to attain 65% and 75% of total species richness (6 and 11 sites, respectively) than a design that used 100 m/site. A 300-m/site design was more efficient at targeting 90% of total species richness. Targeting of wetland habitat increased the number of species captured but missed species that were only found at other habitat types. A sampling design that targeted 11 sites (75% of species richness) sufficiently described fish community metrics (e.g., number of tolerant species) since the design captured nearly all fish species that were relevant to each metric. This study provides the foundation for a coastal monitoring program in western Lake Erie and serves as a starting point for program development in other large freshwater lakes.
Received January 16, 2015; accepted October 8, 2015
Introduced Flathead Catfish Consumptive Demand on Native Fishes of the Upper Gila River, New Mexico
Authors: Hedden Skyler C. , Gido Keith B. , Whitney James E. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Predation by nonnative fish is often cited as a leading cause of declining native fish populations, but quantifying these negative interactions is difficult. Bioenergetics modeling provides a tool to estimate consumptive demand of nonnative species and to identify those that pose the greatest threats to native biota. We used bioenergetics modeling to estimate the consumptive demand of Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris on native fishes in the upper Gila River, New Mexico, across an elevational gradient. Model results were coupled with measured densities and size structure of Flathead Catfish populations, as well as water temperatures, to predict its predatory threat. Potential consumption was highest at lower elevation sites because of higher water temperatures, but actual consumption was highest at mid-elevation sites because of the prevalence of larger individuals there. Potential annual consumptive demand of Flathead Catfish on native fish across our nine sampling sites ranged from 0.0 to 3.1 g/m2, which exceeded native fish productivity at one site. Our results identify areas within the upper Gila River where introduced Flathead Catfish consumption is likely to negatively impact native fish populations.
A Delayed Injection-Site Reaction in a Patient Receiving Extended-Release Naltrexone
Authors: Ahamad Keith , Korthuis P. Todd , Lum Paula J. , Johnson Cheyenne , Wood Evan 
Published: January 2016

Background Pharmacotherapy, such as oral naltrexone, has proven effective in treating alcohol use disorder, although medication adherence has presented challenges. Although a formulation of extended-release naltrexone for intramuscular injection has been developed to counter daily adherence issues, injection-site reactions can occur within days of depot injection. Case: The authors report a case of an individual with alcohol use disorder who had a previously undescribed delayed injection-site reaction that occurred 11 days after injection. Subsequent challenge with the medication resulted in recurrence of the reaction. Discussion: Although extended-release naltrexone is generally well tolerated, injection-site reactions can complicate treatment and can appear more than 10 days after medication administration.
Economic valuation of Baltic marine ecosystem services: blind spots and limited consistency
Authors: Sagebiel Julian , Schwartz Carmen , Rhozyel Mounaim , Rajmis Sandra , Hirschfeld Jesko 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEconomic valuation of marine ecosystem services in the Baltic Sea region has gained importance, as policy-makers are recognizing their decline and focusing on achieving good environmental status there in terms of, for example, reduced eutrophication. Parallel with this development, several initiatives have been launched, leading to a large number of economic valuation studies. However, current research indicates that neither a common approach to classifying ecosystem services nor a widely accepted methodological framework for assessing their economic value exist yet. This paper seeks to shed light on the current state of the economic valuation of ecosystem services provided by the Baltic Sea through reviewing all currently available empirical studies on the topic. The results indicate that only a few ecosystem services, including recreation and reduction of eutrophication, have been extensively monetarily valued, and still lack cross-study methodological consistency, while many other marine ecosystem services have rarely or never been valued with economic methods. The paper concludes that existing economic valuation studies provide only limited practical guidance for policy-makers intending to improve the environmental status of the Baltic Sea. There is a need for more widely shared agreement on the systematic nature of marine and coastal ecosystem services and especially on a coherent methodological framework for assessing their economic value.
The migration of fin whales into the southern Chukchi Sea as monitored with passive acoustics
Authors: Tsujii Koki , Otsuki Mayuko , Akamatsu Tomonari , Matsuo Ikuo , Amakasu Kazuo , Kitamura Minoru , Kikuchi Takashi , Miyashita Kazushi , Mitani Yoko 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) undergo seasonal migration in the Arctic Sea. Because their migration and distribution is likely affected by changes in global climate, we aimed to examine the migration timing of fin whales, and the relationship with prey availability within the oceanographic environment of the Arctic Sea, using passive and active acoustic monitoring methods. Automatic Underwater Sound Monitoring Systems were deployed in the southern Chukchi Sea from July 2012 to 2014 to determine the acoustic presence of fin whales. Furthermore, water temperature and salinity were recorded by a fixed data logger. An Acoustic Zooplankton Fish Profiler was additionally deployed to estimate prey abundance through backscattering strength. Sea ice concentrations were obtained by remote sensing data. Fin whale calls were automatically detected using a custom-made software, and the per cent of half-hours containing calls were counted. Fin whale calls were detected from 4 August to 20 October 2012 (78 d) and 25 July to 1 November 2013 (100 d). The extended period of acoustic presence of fin whales during 2013 when compared with 2012 is likely related to a longer ice-free period during 2013. Furthermore, generalized linear model analyses showed that half-hour periods containing calls increased with a rise in water temperature and zooplankton abundance during the initial call presence period, while they decreased with a decrease in water temperature and salinity during the end of the call presence period. Our results suggest that the rise in water temperature and zooplankton abundance affect the timing of migration of fin whales in a way that is consistent with the expansion of their suitable habitats and the extension of their presence in the Arctic Sea.
A Single-Incision Fasciotomy for Compartment Syndrome of the Lower Leg
Authors: Ebraheim Nabil A. , Siddiqui Saaid , Raberding Craig 
Published: January 2016

Summary:
Lower leg fasciotomy may be performed with a single lateral incision with or without fibulectomy, or by a double incision technique, with most surgeons preferring the later. The aim of this article is to describe a variation of an existing single-incision technique that will allow for the release of all four compartments with 1 incision. Our approach uses a paratibial route to release the deep posterior compartment (DPC) rather than a transfibular or parafibular route that has already been discussed in the literature. We approach the DPC from the anterior compartment, whereas the parafibular approach uses the posterior aspect of the fibula to reach the DPC. This affords a faster fasciotomy with a smaller flap, avoids potential damage to neurovascular bundle and among other advantages, makes its especially pragmatic for bedside fasciotomy, without the risk of injury to the peroneal nerves, which is common with dissection at the posterior aspect of the fibula.
Computer Hexapod–Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery for the Correction of Tibial Deformities
Authors: Hughes Andrew , Parry Michael , Heidari Nima , Jackson Mark , Atkins Roger , Monsell Fergal 
Published: January 2016

Summary:
We describe the intraoperative use of the Taylor Spatial Frame to correct complex multiplanar deformities of the tibia before definitive internal stabilization using minimally invasive techniques. Thirteen consecutive procedures were performed in 12 patients. All deformities of the tibia were assessed with standardized radiographs allowing estimation of the center of rotation of angulation (CORA) or multiple CORA for multiplanar deformities. The cause of the deformity included both posttraumatic and metabolic conditions. A wide range of deformities was deemed appropriate for correction with this technique. All underwent acute intraoperative correction through single or multiple osteotomies mediated by the Taylor Spatial Frame before definitive internal stabilization using a locked intramedullary nail. Deformity correction and restoration of the tibial mechanical axis was achieved in all cases. There were no cases of nonunion. There was only one superficial infection necessitating removal of implants following union of the osteotomies. Two patients developed a common peroneal nerve palsy, 1 had full recovery at 18 months and 1 had partial recovery. Another patient developed a tibial artery pseudoaneurysm treated successfully with a percutaneous stent. This series demonstrates the use of the Taylor Spatial Frame for acute intraoperative correction of complex tibial deformities and definitive internal stabilization.
Is the Digital Divide for Orthopaedic Trauma Patients a Myth? Prospective Cohort Study on Use of a Custom Internet Site
Authors: Matuszewski Paul E. , Costales Timothy , Zerhusen Timothy , Coale Max , Mehta Samir , Pollak Andrew N. , O'Toole Robert V. 
Published: January 2016

Objectives:Some have proposed that a so-calleddigital divideexists for orthopaedic trauma patients and that the clinical usefulness of the Internet for these patients is limited. No studies to date have confirmed this or whether patients would use a provided web resource. The hypotheses of this study were (1) a larger than expected percentage of trauma patients have access to the Internet and (2) if given access to a custom site, patients will use it.Design:Prospective cohort.Setting:Level 1 regional trauma center.Patients:Patients who were 18 years or older with acute operative fractures participated in this study. Enrollment was initiated either before discharge or at initial outpatient follow-up.Intervention:We conducted a survey of demographics, Internet usage, device type, eHealth Literacy, and intent to use the web site. Participants received a keychain containing the web address and a unique access code to our custom orthopaedic trauma web site.Main Outcome Measurements:Percentage of patients with Internet access and percentage of patients who visited the web site.Results:One hundred twelve patients were enrolled. Ninety-three percent (104/112) reported having Internet access (P< 0.0001). Only increasing age predicted lack of access (P< 0.015; odds ratio, 0.95). Most (95%, 106/112) planned to visit our site; however, only 11% (P< 0.001) accessed it.Conclusions:The digital divide is a myth in orthopaedic trauma. Despite widespread access and enthusiasm for our web site, few patients visited. This cautions against the allocation of resources for patient-specific web sites for orthopaedic trauma until a rationale for use can be better delineated.Level of Evidence:Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Clinical Trial of Thermal Pulsation (LipiFlow) in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction With Preteatment Meibography
Authors: Zhao Yang , Veerappan Anuradha , Yeo Sharon , Rooney David M. , Acharya Rajendra U. , Tan Jen Hong , Tong Louis ,   Collaborative Research Initiative for Meibomian gland dysfunction (CORIM)
Published: January 2016

Objectives:
Thermal pulsation (LipiFlow) has been advocated for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) treatment and was found useful. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thermal pulsation in Asian patients with different grades of meibomian gland loss.

Methods:
A hospital-based interventional study comparing thermal pulsation to warm compresses for MGD treatment. Fifty patients were recruited from the dry eye clinic of a Singapore tertiary eye hospital. The ocular surface and symptom were evaluated before treatment, and one and three months after treatment. Twenty-five patients underwent thermal pulsation (single session), whereas 25 patients underwent warm compresses (twice daily) for 3 months. Meibomian gland loss was graded using infrared meibography, whereas function was graded using the number of glands with liquid secretion.

Results:
The mean age (SD) of participants was 56.4 (11.4) years in the warm compress group and 55.6 (12.7) years in the thermal pulsation group. Seventy-six percent of the participants were female. Irritation symptom significantly improved over 3 months in both groups (P<0.01), whereas tear breakup time (TBUT) was modestly improved at 1 month in only the thermal pulsation group (P=0.048), without significant difference between both groups over the 3 months (P=0.88). There was also no significant difference in irritation symptom, TBUT, Schirmer test, and gland secretion variables between patients with different grades of gland loss or function at follow-ups.

Conclusions:
A single session of thermal pulsation was similar in its efficacy and safety profile to 3 months of twice daily warm compresses in Asians. Treatment efficacy was not affected by pretreatment gland loss.
Agreement Between Autorefraction and Subjective Refraction in Keraring-Implanted Keratoconic Eyes
Authors: Al-Tuwairqi Waleed S. , Ogbuehi Kelechi C. , Razzouk Haya , Alanazi Mana A. , Osuagwu Uchechukwu L. 
Published: January 2016

Objectives:
To assess the agreement between subjective refraction and autorefraction and to explore the relationship between the magnitude of higher order aberration, and visual acuity and refraction, before and after keraring implantation.

Methods:
This prospective, randomized, interventional study enrolled 27 subjects (mean age 28.1±6.5 years) with keratoconus. Noncycloplegic refraction was performed subjectively by one clinician and with an autorefractor by another clinician, before and 6 months after surgery. The limit of agreement (LoA) between methods was assessed, and the relationships between the corrected distance visual acuity, logMAR on the one hand and refraction measurements and higher-order aberrations on the other, were examined.

Results:
The agreement in mean spherical equivalent refraction (MSER) between methods was good postoperatively but poor preoperatively. The autorefractor gave a more myopic refraction than subjective refraction preoperatively (−3.28±3.06 D; LoA −9.27 to +2.71 D, P<0.0001) and postoperatively (−0.63±1.64 D; LoA −3.85 to +2.58 D, P=0.055), and returned higher negative cylinders preoperatively (−1.10±1.17 D; LoA −3.40 to +1.19 D, P<0.0001) and postoperatively (−1.08±1.27 D; LoA −3.60 to +1.41 D, P<0.0001) in keratoconic eyes. The difference in MSER between methods was significantly related to the refractive error at both visits (P<0.05) and to the magnitude of higher-order aberrations in keratoconic eyes preoperatively (P<0.05). The logMAR visual acuity achieved subjectively worsened as the magnitude of higher-order aberrations increased preoperatively (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
The autorefractor returns values that are significantly more myopic in MSER and higher negative cylinders than subjective refraction, preoperatively, but the MSER was similar between devices postoperatively. The autorefactor seems a valid starting point for subjective refraction in keratoconic eyes treated with keraring, but the cylinder should be corrected by about +1 D. The instruments agree more in less myopic than high myopic eyes.
Vitamin D Intake in Very Low Birth Weight Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Munshi Upender K. , Graziano Pauline D. , Meunier Kara , Ludke Jennifer , Rios Angel 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIt is unknown how often preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units achieve the American Academy of Pediatrics‐recommended daily intake of 400 international units of Vitamin D. We studied 378 preterm infants with birth weight 1500 g or less admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit, 151 infants before and 227 infants after daily vitamin D‐intake monitoring was introduced. Infants were stratified into 2 groups: extremely low birth weight (<1000 g) and Very low birth weight (1000–1500 g). Monitoring of daily intake coincided with significant improvement in vitamin D intake in both extremely low birth weight and very low birth weight groups.
Physiological reason for ceasing growth of unfertilized eggs produced by unmated queens in the subterranean termiteReticulitermes chinensis
Authors: Li Ganghua , Liu Long , Sun Pengdong , Wu Yao , Lei Chaoliang , Chen Xiongwen , Huang Qiuying 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInReticulitermes chinensis,a close relative ofR. speratuswith asexual queen succession, unfertilized eggs can be produced but are not incubated. To explain this phenomenon, we analysed the physiological differences between unfertilized eggs/unmated queens and fertilized eggs/mated queens. Fertilized eggs consumed significantly larger quantities of five amino acids (Cys, Met, Ile, Leu and Tyr), Ca, protein and cholesterol during incubation. The higher levels of four trace elements (Na, K, Zn and Fe) in fertilized eggs and their lower levels in mated queens indicated that mated queens might transfer these trace elements to fertilized eggs to complete incubation. The higher levels of Mn, triglycerides and serotonin in mated queens and higher levels of Mn and glucose in fertilized eggs suggested that these substances are very important for normal ovarian and embryonic growth. The different expression of three reproductive genes(vtgl, rabilandJHE1)suggested that they might be involved in the regulation of ovarian and embryonic growth. Overall, changes in these physiological indices may substantially affect ovarian and embryonic growth and prohibit the incubation of unfertilized eggs inR. chinensis.
A Quantitative Analysis of Localized Robustness of MYCN in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Sandhu Romeil , Tannenbaum Sarah , Diolaiti Daniel , Ambesi-Impiombato Alberto , Kung Andrew , Tannenbaum Allen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe amplification of the gene MYCN (V-myc mye-locytomatosis viral-valeted oncogene, neuroblastoma derived) has been a well-documented indicator for poor prognosis in neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer. Unfortunately, there has been limited success in understanding MYCN functionality in the landscape of neuroblastoma and more importantly given that MYCN has been deemed "undruggable," the need to potentially illuminate key opportunities that indirectly target MYCN is of great interest. To this end, this work employs an emerging quantitative technique from network science, namely network curvature, to quantify the biological robustness of MYCN and its surrounding neighborhood. In particular, when amplified in Stage IV cancer, MYCN exhibits higher curvature (more robust) than those samples with under expressed MYCN levels. When examining the surrounding neighborhood, the above argument still holds for network curvature, but is lost when only analyzing differential expression - a common technique amongst oncologists and computational/molecular biologists. This finding points to the problem (and possible solution) of drug targeting in the context ofcomplexity and indirect cell signaling affects that have often been obfuscated through traditional techniques.
The basis of sharp spike onset in standard biophysical models
Authors: Telenczuk Maria , Fontaine Bertrand , Brette Romain 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn most vertebrate neurons, spikes initiate in the axonal initial segment (AIS). When recorded in the soma, they have a surprisingly sharp onset, as if sodium (Na) channels opened abruptly. The main view stipulates that spikes initiate in a conventional manner at the distal end of the AIS, then progressively sharpen as they backpropagate to the soma. We examined the biophysical models used to substantiate this view, and we found that orthodromic spikes do no initiate through a local axonal current loop that propagates along the axon, but through a global current loop encompassing the AIS and soma, which forms an electrical dipole. Therefore, the phenomenon is not adequately modeled as the backpropagation of an electrical wave along the axon, since the wavelength would be as large as the entire system. Instead, in these models, we found that spike initiation rather follows the critical resistive coupling model proposed recently, where the Na current entering the AIS is matched by the axial resistive current flowing to the soma. Besides demonstrating it by examining the balance of currents at spike initiation, we show that the observed increase in spike sharpness along the axon is artifactual and disappears when an appropriate measure of rapidness is used; instead, somatic onset rapidness can be predicted from spike shape at initiation site. Finally, we reproduce the phenomenon in a two-compartment model, showing that it does not rely on propagation. In these models, the sharp onset of somatic spikes is therefore not an artifact of observing spikes at the incorrect location, but rather the signature that spikes are initiated through a global soma-AIS current loop forming an electrical dipole.Author summaryIn most vertebrate neurons, spikes are initiated in the axonal initial segment, next to the soma. When recorded at the soma, action potentials appear to suddenly rise as if all sodium channels opened at once. This has been previously attributed to the backpropagation of spikes from the initial segment to the soma. Here we demonstrate with biophysical models that backpropagation does not contribute to the sharpness of spike onset. Instead, we show that the phenomenon is due to the resistive coupling between the large somatodendritic compartment and the small axonal compartment, a geometrical discontinuity that leads to an abrupt variation in voltage.