bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and properties of a series of high‐temperature thermoplastic elastomeric blends from polyamides and functionalized rubbers
Authors: Datta Sarma Arpan , Padmanathan Hiron Raja , Saha Subhabrata , Shankar Banerjee Shib , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTA series of high‐temperature thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) and thermoplastic vulcanisates (TPVs) were successfully developed based on two different types of heat resistant polyamide (PA) (25 parts by weight)—PA‐12 and PA‐6, in combination with three different functionalized rubbers (75 parts by weight) of varying polarity, e.g., maleic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (MA‐g‐EPDM), sulphonated ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, by melt mixing method. These rubbers have low level of unsaturation in its backbone, and the plastics showed high melting range. Thus, the developed TPEs and TPVs were expected to be high temperature resistant. Resol type resin was used for dynamic vulcanization to further increase the high temperature properties of these blends. Interestingly, initial degradation temperature of the prepared blends was much higher (421 °C for MA‐g‐EPDM/PA‐12) than the other reported conventional TPEs and TPVs. Fourier transform infrared analysis described the interactive nature of the TPEs and TPVs, which is responsible for their superior properties. The maximum tensile strength with lowest tension set was observed for the carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/PA‐12 TPV. Mild increase in mechanical properties without any degradation was observed after recycling. Dynamic mechanical analysis results showed two distinct glass transition temperatures and indicated the biphasic morphology of the blends, as evident from the scanning electron microscopy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45353.
Effects of crosslinking degree and carbon nanotubes as filler on composites based on glycidyl azide polymer and propargyl‐terminated polyether for potential solid propellant application
Authors: Wang Song , Liu Changhua , Guo Xiang , Tang Gen , Gan Lin , Qi Chun , Huang Jin 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTTriazole crosslinked polymers were prepared by reacting glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) with the propargyl‐terminated poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMP) at different molar ratios of azide versus alkyne. Based on the optimum mechanical properties of the GAP/PTMP‐2.5, a series of GAP/PTMP nanocomposites reinforced by either multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or carboxy‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs‐COOH) were prepared with different mass ratios. The glass transition temperatures (Tg, PTMP) assigned to PTMP of the GAP/PTMP composites almost kept at a constant range when the molar ratio of azide versus alkyne was from 1.0 to 2.5. When the loading MWCNTs was 1.0 wt %, the tensile strength and elongation at break achieved a maximum of 1.77 MPa and 36.3%, respectively. The nanocomposites with nearly similar Tg, PTMP indicated no phase separation in the crosslinked polymers. The results revealed that the improved properties of GAP‐based materials could be achieved by changing the molar ratio of azide versus alkyne and the nanofillers content. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45359.
Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of the Tumor Suppressor Fhit
Authors: Lange Sandra , Hacker Stephan M. , Schmid Philipp , Scheffner Martin , Marx Andreas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe tumor suppressor Fhit and its substrate diadenosine triphosphate (Ap3A) are important factors in cancer development and progression. Fhit has Ap3A hydrolase activity and cleaves Ap3A into adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP); this is believed to terminate Fhit‐mediated signaling. How the catalytic activity of Fhit is regulated and how the Fhit⋅Ap3A complex might exert its growth‐suppressive function remain to be discovered. Small‐molecule inhibitors of the enzymatic activity of Fhit would provide valuable tools for the elucidation of its tumor‐suppressive functions. Here we describe the development of a high‐throughput screen for the identification of such small‐molecule inhibitors of Fhit. Two clusters of inhibitors that decreased the activity of Fhit by at least 90 % were identified. Several derivatives were synthesized and exhibited in vitro IC50 values in the nanomolar range.
Secondary Impact of Manganese on the Catalytic Properties of Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Bayati Maryam , Scott Keith 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCatalysts play a key role in hydrogen production as green energy carriers. We show herein for the first time that manganese impurities in graphene can improve the catalytic activity of synthesized N‐doped graphene (NG) for the hydrogen evolution reaction in acid media by influencing the ratio of different N‐functionalities. A 122 mV improvement in the overpotential was found following the Mn impregnation of graphene. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the formation of manganese oxide nanoparticles on the NG sheets. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed structural alteration in favor of higher quantities of quaternary and pyrrolic nitrogen functionalities, from approximately 37 % in NG to 84 % in the Mn‐inserted‐doped graphene catalyst. This enhanced catalytic performance, based on density functional theory calculations in the literature, was attributed to an increase in the number of active sites with higher activity.
Biphasic Liquid Crystal and the Simultaneous Measurement of Isotropic and Anisotropic Parameters by Spatially Resolved NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Reller Malin , Wesp Svenja , Koos Martin R. M. , Reggelin Michael , Luy Burkhard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractResidual dipolar couplings and other anisotropic NMR parameters are powerful tools for molecular structure elucidation when conventional techniques do not suffice. With current liquid crystalline preparations it is necessary to prepare two samples to extract isotropic and anisotropic data from spectra and to derive the residual dipolar couplings. Here, we present the preparation, measurement, and interpretation of a novel biphasic liquid crystalline phase where a single sample can be used to generate both isotropic and anisotropic data. First, we introduce the synthesis of the chiral polymer leading to the biphasic liquid crystal. Second, we present two approaches to measure spatially selective CLIP‐HSQC spectra. From these spectra, we extracted the couplings, performed an assignment of diastereotopic protons, and achieved the enantiomeric discrimination of isopinocampheol as a well‐studied test molecule.
Cover Picture: Nanostructured Materials of Calcium Phosphates and Calcium Silicates: Synthesis, Properties and Applications (Chin. J. Chem. 6/2017)
Authors: Zhu Ying‐Jie 
Published: June 2017

The cover picture shows the promising applications of two important kinds of nanostructured materials of calcium phosphates and calcium silicates. Calcium phosphates and calcium silicate‐based materials have high biocompatibility, and have been investigated for various biomedical applications such as bone defect repair and drug delivery. Furthermore, calcium phosphates and calcium silicates have many crystal phases and polymorphs; they are very rich and diverse in structure and morphology, which provide many possibilities for various applications. In recent years, this research group has been focusing on the research in this exciting and rapidly evolving research field. This article will provide a brief review on our main research work on the synthesis, characterization, properties and applications of nanostructured materials of calcium phosphates and calcium silicates. In addition, future perspectives and challenges for the research and applications of the related materials are discussed. We expect that with the development of new synthetic methods, delicate control over the chemical composition, structure, size, morphology, surface modification and functionalization, these materials will provide promising opportunities for the future clinical treatment and other applications. More details are discussed in the article by Ying‐Jie Zhu on page 769–790.
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Congenital deafness affects deep layers in primary and secondary auditory cortex
Authors: Berger Christoph , Kühne Daniela , Scheper Verena , Kral Andrej 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCongenital deafness leads to functional deficits in the auditory cortex for which early cochlear implantation can effectively compensate. Most of these deficits have been demonstrated functionally. Furthermore, the majority of previous studies on deafness have involved the primary auditory cortex; knowledge of higher‐order areas is limited to effects of cross‐modal reorganization. In this study, we compared the cortical cytoarchitecture of four cortical areas in adult hearing and congenitally deaf cats (CDCs): the primary auditory field A1, two secondary auditory fields, namely the dorsal zone and second auditory field (A2); and a reference visual association field (area 7) in the same section stained either using Nissl or SMI‐32 antibodies. The general cytoarchitectonic pattern and the area‐specific characteristics in the auditory cortex remained unchanged in animals with congenital deafness. Whereas area 7 did not differ between the groups investigated, all auditory fields were slightly thinner in CDCs, this being caused by reduced thickness of layers IV–VI. The study documents that, while the cytoarchitectonic patterns are in general independent of sensory experience, reduced layer thickness is observed in both primary and higher‐order auditory fields in layer IV and infragranular layers. The study demonstrates differences in effects of congenital deafness between supragranular and other cortical layers, but similar dystrophic effects in all investigated auditory fields.
Searching Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): A Knowledgebase of Human Genes and Genetic Phenotypes
Authors: Amberger Joanna S. , Hamosh Ada 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOnline Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) at OMIM.org is the primary repository of comprehensive, curated information on genes and genetic phenotypes and the relationships between them. This unit provides an overview of the types of information in OMIM and optimal strategies for searching and retrieving the information. OMIM.org has links to many related and complementary databases, providing easy access to more information on a topic. The relationship between genes and genetic disorders is highlighted in this unit. The basic protocol explains searching OMIM both from a gene perspective and a clinical features perspective. Two alternate protocols provide strategies for viewing gene‐phenotype relationships: a gene map table and Quick View or Side‐by‐Side format for clinical features. OMIM.org is updated nightly, and the MIMmatch service, described in the support protocol, provides a convenient way to follow updates to entries, gene‐phenotype relationships, and collaborate with other researchers. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Photoactivated In Vivo Proximity Labeling
Authors: Beck David B. , Bonasio Roberto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIdentification of molecular interactions is paramount to understanding how cells function. Most available technologies rely on co‐purification of a protein of interest and its binding partners. Therefore, they are limited in their ability to detect low‐affinity interactions and cannot be applied to proteins that localize to difficult‐to‐solubilize cellular compartments. In vivo proximity labeling (IPL) overcomes these obstacles by covalently tagging proteins and RNAs based on their proximity in vivo to a protein of interest. In IPL, a heterobifunctional probe comprising a photoactivatable moiety and biotin is recruited by a monomeric streptavidin tag fused to a protein of interest. Following UV irradiation, candidate interacting proteins and RNAs are covalently biotinylated with tight spatial and temporal control and subsequently recovered using biotin as an affinity handle. Here, we describe experimental protocols to discover novel protein‐protein and protein‐RNA interactions using IPL. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Designing Drug‐Response Experiments and Quantifying their Results
Authors: Hafner Marc , Niepel Mario , Subramanian Kartik , Sorger Peter K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe developed a Python package to help in performing drug‐response experiments at medium and high throughput and evaluating sensitivity metrics from the resulting data. In this article, we describe the steps involved in (1) generating files necessary for treating cells with the HP D300 drug dispenser, by pin transfer or by manual pipetting; (2) merging the data generated by high‐throughput slide scanners, such as the Perkin Elmer Operetta, with treatment annotations; and (3) analyzing the results to obtain data normalized to untreated controls and sensitivity metrics such as IC50 or GR50. These modules are available on GitHub and provide an automated pipeline for the design and analysis of high‐throughput drug response experiments, that helps to prevent errors that can arise from manually processing large data files. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Supply Chains of Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises
Authors: Lee Hee‐Yong , Kwak Dong‐Wook , Park Jeong‐Yang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractResearch has shown that implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practice represents a considerable challenge for small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). This research conceptualises the dimensions and contingencies of CSR in SME supply chains. Drawing on institutional theory and stakeholder theory, we investigated the degree of importance and implementation of CSR practices in SMEs. A large‐scale questionnaire survey with SMEs in manufacturing sectors and panel discussions were conducted in South Korea. The findings indicate that SMEs tend to focus on explicit CSR practices that can be easily identified by their customers. Consistent with this, stakeholder and institutional pressures were valid in the performance of CSR practices, but largely biased to customers, government, and regulatory pressures. Based on institutional theory and stakeholder theory as overarching theoretical lenses, this research contributes to a fuller understanding of the dimensions of CSR practices in the supply chains from an SME perspective. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Molecular Self‐Assembly Fabrication and Carrier Dynamics of Stable and Efficient CH3NH3Pb(1−x)SnxI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Fan Jiandong , Liu Chong , Li Hongliang , Zhang Cuiling , Li Wenzhe , Mai Yaohua 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Sn‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) provide the possibility of swapping the Pb element toward developing toxic‐free PSCs. Here, we innovatively employed a molecular self‐assembly approach to obtain a series CH3NH3Pb(1−x)SnxI3 (0≤x≤1) perovskite thin films with full coverage. The optimized planar CH3NH3Pb0.75Sn0.25I3 PSC with inverted structure was consequently realized with a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 14 %, which displayed a stabilized power output (SPO) over 12 % within 200 s at 0.6 V forward bias. Afterward, we investigated the factors that limited the efficiency improvement of hybrid Sn–Pb PSCs, and analyzed the possible reason of the hysteresis effect occurred even in the inverted structure cell. Particularly, the oxidation of hybrid Sn–Pb perovskite thin film was demonstrated to be the main reason that limited its further efficiency improvement. The imbalance of charge transport was intensified, which was associated with the increased hole defect‐state density and decreased electron defect‐state density after Sn was introduced. This study helps tackle the intractable issue regarding the toxic Pb in perovskite devices and is a step forward toward realizing lead‐free PSCs with high stability and efficiency.
Shear resistance verification of late 19th century masonry according to EC 6 – State of the art
Authors: Dunjic Viktor , Kolbitsch Andreas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA large part of buildings in Central European cities like Vienna was built in the Gründerzeit period between about 1840 and 1918 [1]. These buildings were constructed according to traditional rules. Current urban development requires historic buildings to be structurally adapted, which requires retroactive analysis of the masonry walls; in Austria according to ÖNORM EN 1998‐3 [2] and ÖNORM EN 1996‐3 (EC 6) [3]. Here, special focus is on the load transfer of horizontal earthquake loads, i. e. the shear strength of masonry walls.This paper describes the verification of historic masonry in detail and discusses individual components. Initial shear strength, load‐influenced friction and the length of the compressed part of the wall are first determined using results from experimental testing and relevant literature and then compared to the approaches in EC 6. Based on this analysis, recommendations are provided to make theoretical approaches more realistic.
Energy‐efficient masonry buildings
Authors: Schoch Torsten 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn line with the general trend to improved energy‐related properties of buildings in massive construction, many massive buildings have been designed and built in recent years, which have proactively observed and also helped to determine the specification of future building standards in Europe. According to [1], the first low‐energy house was built in Kassel in 1986 with an area‐related energy demand for hot water and heating of only 60 kWh/(m2a). The use of massive building materials with low thermal conductivity played a similarly important role in this case to the increasing use of thermal insulation materials and new building services technology using renewable energy sources. Keeping the constructional details simple to build by tradesmen in order to avoid thermal bridging and useless building mistakes was and is still an important practical requirement. With the help of examples, the article demonstrates that monolithic construction is suitable for compliance with current energy‐related requirements and how this is carried out.
Pairing field methods to improve inference in wildlife surveys while accommodating detection covariance
Authors: Clare John , McKinney Shawn T. , DePue John E. , Loftin Cynthia S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIt is common to use multiple field sampling methods when implementing wildlife surveys to compare method efficacy or cost efficiency, integrate distinct pieces of information provided by separate methods, or evaluate method‐specific biases and misclassification error. Existing models that combine information from multiple field methods or sampling devices permit rigorous comparison of method‐specific detection parameters, enable estimation of additional parameters such as false‐positive detection probability, and improve occurrence or abundance estimates, but with the assumption that the separate sampling methods produce detections independently of one another. This assumption is tenuous if methods are paired or deployed in close proximity simultaneously, a common practice that reduces the additional effort required to implement multiple methods and reduces the risk that differences between method‐specific detection parameters are confounded by other environmental factors. We develop occupancy and spatial capture–recapture models that permit covariance between the detections produced by different methods, use simulation to compare estimator performance of the new models to models assuming independence, and provide an empirical application based on American marten (Martes americana) surveys using paired remote cameras, hair catches, and snow tracking. Simulation results indicate existing models that assume that methods independently detect organisms produce biased parameter estimates and substantially understate estimate uncertainty when this assumption is violated, while our reformulated models are robust to either methodological independence or covariance. Empirical results suggested that remote cameras and snow tracking had comparable probability of detecting present martens, but that snow tracking also produced false‐positive marten detections that could potentially substantially bias distribution estimates if not corrected for. Remote cameras detected marten individuals more readily than passive hair catches. Inability to photographically distinguish individual sex did not appear to induce negative bias in camera density estimates; instead, hair catches appeared to produce detection competition between individuals that may have been a source of negative bias. Our model reformulations broaden the range of circumstances in which analyses incorporating multiple sources of information can be robustly used, and our empirical results demonstrate that using multiple field‐methods can enhance inferences regarding ecological parameters of interest and improve understanding of how reliably survey methods sample these parameters.
Alternative foraging strategies enable a mountain ungulate to persist after migration loss
Authors: Courtemanch Alyson B. , Kauffman Matthew J. , Kilpatrick Steve , Dewey Sarah R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe persistence of many migratory ungulate populations worldwide is threatened due to anthropogenic impacts to seasonal ranges and migration routes. While many studies have linked migratory ungulate declines to migration disruption or loss, very few have explored the underlying factors that determine whether a population perishes or persists. In some cases, populations undergo severe declines and extirpation after migration loss; however, others appear able to persist as residents. We predict that to persist, populations must replace the traditional benefits of migration by altering the foraging strategies they employ as residents within one seasonal range. We propose the alternative foraging strategies (AFS) hypothesis as a framework for identifying various behavioral strategies that populations may use to cope with migration loss. We tested the hypothesis using the formerly migratory Teton bighorn sheep population in northwest Wyoming, which ceased migrating over 60 yr ago, but has persisted as a resident population. We used global positioning system data to evaluate winter and summer habitat selection and seasonal elevational movements for 28 adult female bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) from 2008 to 2010. Resource selection functions revealed that bighorn sheep employ winter foraging strategies to survive as residents by seeking out rugged, high‐elevation, windswept ridgelines. Seasonal movement analyses indicated that bighorn sheep undergo a newly documented “abbreviated migration” strategy that is closely synchronized with vegetation green‐up patterns within their one range. Bighorn sheep descend 500 m in elevation and travel up to 10 km in spring, gaining access to newly emergent forage approximately 30 d before it appears on their high‐elevation winter and summer ranges. Our findings indicate that the Teton bighorn sheep population has persisted due to its habitat selection, AFS, and unique movement patterns, which allow migration loss to be mediated to some extent. The identification of AFS and the habitats that support them can help reveal the underlying benefits of migration and conserve populations in the face of future migration loss.