bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptomatic Epidermoid Cyst Presenting as a Paravaginal Mass
Authors: Davenport Abigail P. , Zimmerman Carl W. , Hill Bryan J. , Davis Jeffrey 
Published: April 2017

Background
Ischioanal fossa epidermoid cysts are uncommon masses of epithelial origin and are believed to be either congenital or the result of trauma. Surgical excision is preferred as opposed to incision and drainage because these masses may enlarge, recur, become infected, or undergo malignant transformation.

Case
This report describes a case of a 62-year-old woman who presented for evaluation of vaginal and perineal discomfort and fullness. Physical examination and computed tomography scan revealed a 7.1-cm cystic mass in the left ischioanal space. Transgluteal surgical excision was performed and pathology revealed an epidermoid cyst. The patient recovered with symptomatic improvement.

Conclusions
This report demonstrates a rare case of ischioanal fossa epidermoid cyst. In cases of rectal masses, cystic lesions should be considered. Thorough physical examination, imaging studies, and proper surgical management of these masses can improve patient symptomatology, prevent recurrence, and also decrease the risk of malignant transformation.
Differences in Fall Risk Factors Between Adults With Diabetes and Those Without Who Are Homebound
Authors: Migliarese Sara James 
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose:
Adults with type II diabetes are at higher risk for falls than their nondiabetic peers. The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in factors that influence fall risk between adults who are homebound and are diabetic (DM) and adults who are nondiabetic and homebound (NDM) in a population identified at high risk for falls.

Methods:
Five factors were collected that impact fall risk for 279 homebound adults during an initial physical therapy evaluation. Participants were identified as having high fall risk by a physician referring them for home health physical therapy.
The sample was subdivided into those with diabetes (73 type II diabetic [DM] adults) and those without diabetes (206 nondiabetic [NDM] adults). Factors previously identified as influential for fall risk included sensation on the soles of the feet, lower extremity neuropathic pain, sensory integration scores on the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance (mCTSIB), dynamic balance measured by the Dynamic Gait Index, and balance confidence as measured by the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale. Data were compared between diabetic and nondiabetic groups, between 5 age categories, and between blended diagnostic cohorts with and without protective foot sensation. All cohorts were divided into age categories of 47 to 54, 55 to 64, 65 to 74, 75 to 84, and 85 to 98 years of age.

Results and Discussion:
A significant difference was found between DM and NDM cohorts in monofilament scores for foot sensation (P = .003, DM mean = 5.9, NDM mean = 7.4, mean difference =−1.47, standard error = 0.48). All other risk factors for falling trended toward increased severity in the diabetic group but were not statistically significant. Significant differences were noted between participants with protective foot sensation and those without it for scores in all 4 positions of the mCTSIB (position 1, P = .011; position 2, P = .001; position 3, P = .02; and position 4, P = .029), total mCTSIB score (P = .001), the Dynamic Gait Index score (P = .002), and neuropathic pain (P = .001) but not for the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale score.

Conclusions:
Sensation on the soles of the feet represented the best differentiator between fall risk factors when comparing homebound adults with diabetes with those without diabetes. Clinicians performing a fall risk assessment on homebound adults should recognize the variability in fall risk and perform thorough multifactorial evaluations regardless of the absence or presence of the diagnosis of diabetes, including a minimum of sensory testing and the mCTSIB that were sensitive to variations in age and protective sensation.
Interacting effects of land use and climate on rodent-borne pathogens in central Kenya
Authors: Young Hillary S. , McCauley Douglas J. , Dirzo Rodolfo , Nunn Charles L. , Campana Michael G. , Agwanda Bernard , Otarola-Castillo Erik R. , Castillo Eric R. , Pringle Robert M. , Veblen Kari E. , Salkeld Daniel J. , Stewardson Kristin , Fleischer Robert , Lambin Eric F. , Palmer Todd M. , Helgen Kristofer M. 
Published: April 2017

Understanding the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on zoonotic disease risk is both a critical conservation objective and a public health priority. Here, we evaluate the effects of multiple forms of anthropogenic disturbance across a precipitation gradient on the abundance of pathogen-infected small mammal hosts in a multi-host, multi-pathogen system in central Kenya. Our results suggest that conversion to cropland and wildlife loss alone drive systematic increases in rodent-borne pathogen prevalence, but that pastoral conversion has no such systematic effects. The effects are most likely explained both by changes in total small mammal abundance, and by changes in relative abundance of a few high-competence species, although changes in vector assemblages may also be involved. Several pathogens responded to interactions between disturbance type and climatic conditions, suggesting the potential for synergistic effects of anthropogenic disturbance and climate change on the distribution of disease risk. Overall, these results indicate that conservation can be an effective tool for reducing abundance of rodent-borne pathogens in some contexts (e.g. wildlife loss alone); however, given the strong variation in effects across disturbance types, pathogen taxa and environmental conditions, the use of conservation as public health interventions will need to be carefully tailored to specific pathogens and human contexts.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications’.
Conservation of biodiversity as a strategy for improving human health and well-being
Authors: Kilpatrick A. Marm , Salkeld Daniel J. , Titcomb Georgia , Hahn Micah B. 
Published: April 2017

The Earth's ecosystems have been altered by anthropogenic processes, including land use, harvesting populations, species introductions and climate change. These anthropogenic processes greatly alter plant and animal communities, thereby changing transmission of the zoonotic pathogens they carry. Biodiversity conservation may be a potential win–win strategy for maintaining ecosystem health and protecting public health, yet the causal evidence to support this strategy is limited. Evaluating conservation as a viable public health intervention requires answering four questions: (i) Is there a general and causal relationship between biodiversity and pathogen transmission, and if so, which direction is it in? (ii) Does increased pathogen diversity with increased host biodiversity result in an increase in total disease burden? (iii) Do the net benefits of biodiversity conservation to human well-being outweigh the benefits that biodiversity-degrading activities, such as agriculture and resource utilization, provide? (iv) Are biodiversity conservation interventions cost-effective when compared to other options employed in standard public health approaches? Here, we summarize current knowledge on biodiversity–zoonotic disease relationships and outline a research plan to address the gaps in our understanding for each of these four questions. Developing practical and self-sustaining biodiversity conservation interventions will require significant investment in disease ecology research to determine when and where they will be effective.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications’.
Dopaminergic modulation of hemodynamic signal variability and the functional connectome during cognitive performance
Authors: Alavash Mohsen , Lim Sung-Joo , Thiel Christiane , Sehm Bernhard , Deserno Lorenz , Obleser Jonas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDopamine underlies important aspects of cognition, and has been suggested to boost cognitive performance. However, how dopamine modulates the large-scale cortical dynamics during cognitive performance has remained elusive. Using functional MRI during a working memory task in healthy young human listeners (N=22), we investigated the effect of levodopa (L-dopa) on two aspects of cortical dynamics, blood oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal variability and the functional connectome of large-scale cortical networks. We here show that enhanced dopaminergic signaling modulates the two potentially interrelated aspects of large-scale cortical dynamics during cognitive performance, and the degree of these modulations is able to explain inter-individual differences in L-dopa-induced behavioral benefits. Relative to placebo, L-dopa increased BOLD signal variability in task-relevant temporal, inferior frontal, parietal and cingulate regions. On the connectome level, however, L-dopa diminished functional integration across temporal and cingulo-opercular regions. This hypo-integration was expressed as a reduction in network efficiency and modularity in more than two thirds of the participants and to different degrees. Hypo-integration co-occurred with relative hyper-connectivity in paracentral lobule and precuneus, as well as posterior putamen. Both, L-dopa-induced BOLD signal variability modulation and functional connectome modulations proved predictive of an individual’s L-dopa-induced gain in behavioral performance, namely response speed and perceptual sensitivity. Lastly, L-dopa-induced modulations of BOLD signal variability were correlated with L-dopa-induced modulation of nodal connectivity and network efficiency. Our findings underline the role of dopamine in maintaining the dynamic range of, and communication between, cortical systems, and their explanatory power for inter-individual differences in benefits from dopamine during cognitive performance.
High-resolution mapping of heteroduplex DNA formed during UV-induced and spontaneous mitotic recombination events in yeast
Authors: Yin Yi , Dominska Margaret , Yim Eunice , Petes Thomas D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn yeast, DNA breaks are usually repaired by homologous recombination (HR). An early step for HR pathways is formation of a heteroduplex, in which a single-strand from the broken DNA molecule pairs with a strand derived from an intact DNA molecule. If the two strands of DNA are not identical, there will be mismatches within the heteroduplex DNA (hetDNA). In wild-type strains, these mismatches are repaired by the mismatch repair (MMR) system, producing a gene conversion event. In strains lacking MMR, the mismatches persist. Most previous studies involving hetDNA formed during mitotic recombination were restricted to one locus. Below, we present a global mapping of hetDNA formed in the MMR-defectivemlh1strain. We find that many recombination events are associated with repair of double-stranded DNA gaps and/or involve Mlh1-independent mismatch repair. Many of our events are not explicable by the simplest form of the double-strand break repair model of recombination.
Transcriptional decomposition reveals active chromatin architectures and cell specific regulatory interactions
Authors: Rennie Sarah , Dalby Maria , van Duin Lucas , Andersson Robin 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTTranscriptional regulation is tightly coupled with chromosomal positioning and three-dimensional chromatin architecture. However, it is unclear what proportion of transcriptional activity is reflecting such organisation, how much can be informed by RNA expression alone, and how this impacts disease. Here, we develop a transcriptional decomposition approach separating the proportion of expression associated with genome organisation from independent effects not directly related to genomic positioning.We show that positionally attributable expression accounts for a considerable proportion of total levels and is highly informative of topological associating domain activities and organisation, revealing boundaries and chromatin compartments. Furthermore, expression data alone accurately predicts individual enhancer-promoter interactions, drawing features from expression strength, stabilities, insulation and distance. We further characterise commonalities and differences across predictions in 76 human cell types, observing extensive sharing of domains, yet highly cell-type specific enhancer-promoter interactions and strong enrichments in relevant trait-associated variants. Our work demonstrates a close relationship between transcription and chromatin architecture, presenting a novel strategy and an unprecedented resource for investigating regulatory organisations and interpretations of disease associated genetic variants across cell types.
Recombineering inVibrio natriegens
Authors: Lee Henry H. , Ostrov Nili , Gold Michaela A. , Church George M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHere, we show that λ-Red homologs found in theVibrio-associated SXT mobile element potentiate allelic exchange inV. natriegensby ~10,000-fold. Specifically, we show SXT-Beta (s065), SXT-Exo (s066), and λ-Gam proteins are sufficient to enable recombination of single- and double-stranded DNA with episomal and genomic loci. We characterize and optimize episomal oligonucleotide-mediated recombineering and demonstrate recombineering at genomic loci. We further show targeted genomic deletion of the extracellular nuclease genednsusing a double-stranded DNA cassette. Continued development of this recombination technology will advance high-throughput and large-scale genetic engineering efforts to domesticateV. natriegensand to investigate its rapid growth rate.
Genome-wide meta-analyses of stratified depression in Generation Scotland and UK Biobank
Authors: Hall Lynsey S. , Adams Mark J. , Arnau-Soler Aleix , Clarke Toni-Kim , Howard David M. , Zeng Yanni , Davies Gail , Hagenaars Saskia P. , Fernandez-Pujals Ana Maria , Gibson Jude , Wigmore Eleanor M. , Boutin Thibaud S. , Hayward Caroline , Scotland Generation ,   Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Porteous David J. , Deary Ian J. , Thomson Pippa A. , Haley Chris S. , McIntosh Andrew M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFew replicable genetic associations for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have been identified. However recent studies of depression have identified common risk variants by using either a broader phenotype definition in very large samples, or by reducing the phenotypic and ancestral heterogeneity of MDD cases. Here, a range of genetic analyses were applied to data from two large British cohorts, Generation Scotland and UK Biobank, to ascertain whether it is more informative to maximize the sample size by using data from all available cases and controls, or to use a refined subset of the data - stratifying by MDD recurrence or sex. Meta-analysis of GWAS data in males from these two studies yielded one genome-wide significant locus on 3p22.3. Three associated genes within this region (CRTAP, GLB1, andTMPPE) were significantly associated in subsequent gene-based tests. Meta-analyzed MDD, recurrent MDD and female MDD were each genetically correlated with 6 of 200 health-correlated traits, namely neuroticism, depressive symptoms, subjective well-being, MDD, a cross-disorder phenotype and Bipolar Disorder. Meta-analyzed male MDD showed no statistically significant correlations with these traits after correction for multiple testing. Whilst stratified GWAS analysis revealed a genome-wide significant locus for male MDD, the lack of independent replication, the equivalent SNP-based heritability estimates and the consistent pattern of genetic correlation with other health-related traits suggests that phenotypic stratification in currently available sample sizes is currently weakly justified. Based upon existing studies and our findings, the strategy of maximizing sample sizes is likely to provide the greater gain.
A practical guide to CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in Lepidoptera
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Reed Robert D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has revolutionized functional genetic work in many organisms and is having an especially strong impact in emerging model systems. Here we summarize recent advances in applying CRISPR/Cas9 methods in Lepidoptera, with a focus on providing practical advice on the entire process of genome editing from experimental design through to genotyping. We also describe successful targeted GFP knockins that we have achieved in butterflies. Finally, we provide a complete, detailed protocol for producing targeted long deletions in butterflies.
Loss of MECP2 leads to activation of p53 and neuronal senescence
Authors: Ohashi M. , Allen D. , Lee P. , Korsakova E. , Fu K. , Vargas B. , Cinkornpumin J. , Salas C. , Park J. , Germanguz I. , Chronis K. , Kuoy E. , Tran S. , Xiao G. , Pellegrini M. , Plath K. , Lowry WE. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTo determine the role for mutations of MECP2 in Rett Syndrome, we generated isogenic lines of human iPSCs (hiPSCs), neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and neurons from patient fibroblasts with and without MECP2 expression in an attempt to recapitulate disease phenotypesin vitro. Molecular profiling uncovered neuronal specific gene expression changes including induction of a Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) program. Patient derived Neurons made without MECP2 show signs of stress, including induction of p53, and senescence. The induction of p53 appeared to affect dendritic branching in Rett neurons, as p53 inhibition restored dendritic complexity. These disease-in-a-dish data suggest that loss of MECP2 can lead to dendritic defects due to an increase in aspects of neuronal aging.
Mio Amore: surviving brand change in transition economy
Authors: Jammulamadaka Nimruji , Mishra Prashant , Saha Biswatosh 
Published: April 2017

Subject area
This case is about a food brand with franchisee stores which has implemented a brand change initiative in the Indian emerging market.

Study level/applicability
This case is suitable for MBA level students in courses like strategic brand management, marketing in emerging markets and retail management. Issues relate to brand name change management, building and securing channel cooperation in brand change, channel peculiarities in emerging markets and franchisee institutional support systems in emerging markets like India.

Case overview
The case documents the process followed by Switz Foods Private Limited (SFPL) in planning for and implementing a “brand-name” change across its 150-plus stores retailing fresh bakery products. The switch away from a 20-year-old food brand that had carved out a place in the popular culture of the community in Kolkata was risky. While opinion inside the organization was divided on whether to use mass media to communicate the brand-name change to its customers, the company finally decided to rely only on in-store signage and product packaging. SFPL took into confidence the franchisee retail store owners, a key stakeholder group with whom it enjoyed a long-term trusted business relation, and relied on their support to implement a smooth transition. It shows how in the context of the bazaars in transition economies, trust-based business relations and word-of-mouth reputation can often provide frugal managerial alternatives.

Expected learning outcomes
The three main learning objectives are: planning for a brand name transition, which includes three parts: generating consumer insights and using the data to aid decision-making in choosing a brand name and developing a brand campaign; overcoming network or business partner resistance/uncertainties associated with a brand name transition; managing customer perceptions before and after brand-name transition. Second learning objective included understanding risks in a franchisor–franchisee relationship. Third included appreciating the significance of trust-based relationships in managing transition economies.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.
Disaster preparedness of private social services: case Finland
Authors: Rapeli Merja , Mussalo-Rauhamaa Helena 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the level of disaster preparedness of institutional care and sheltered housing services provided by the private sector in Finland.Design/methodology/approachA web-based questionnaire was completed by businesses producing institutional care and sheltered housing services in Finland. They answered questions on disaster preparedness, impacts of recent hazards, measures taken during the hazards and connections to disaster risk management actors and relatives of their residents during the hazards.FindingsThe study showed that only 19 percent of the private service providers had a disaster preparedness plan, and only 11 percent reported that it was a requirement agreed on with the service purchaser. The size of the unit predicted only partly the differences in the level of preparedness. The major impacts of storms were on energy supply, leading to disruptions in the daily activities of the services.Practical implicationsThe most vulnerable to disasters are people dependent on others, which include those receiving social services. Consequently, this study recommends that preparedness planning should be legally mandated requirement for all social service providers. In addition, the local governments’ service purchasers should include private services in their disaster preparedness activities.Originality/valuePrivate businesses are increasingly involved in producing social services in Finland; hence, their preparedness to face hazards and connection with disaster risk management partners is vital. This study increases knowledge of private institutional care and sheltered housing services’ disaster preparedness, which has seldom been the focus of studies.
Sustaining innovation of information technology service providers
Authors: Presbitero Alfred , Roxas Banjo , Chadee Doren 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
How do knowledge-intensive technology-based offshore information technology service providers (ITSPs) in developing countries sustain their innovation and remain competitive? The purpose of this paper is to answer this question by drawing from the knowledge-based view of firm innovation to argue that organisational collectivism (COLL) plays a crucial role in influencing the effects of knowledge-based capabilities on innovation of ITSPs.

Design/methodology/approach
The study develops a model which shows that learning mediates the effects of knowledge sharing on innovation and that COLL moderates the effects of knowledge sharing on both innovation and learning. A moderated-mediation model is tested using structural equation modelling techniques and data (n=388) from a survey of ITSPs in the Philippines.

Findings
The results show that knowledge sharing capability is positively related to innovation and that organisational learning capability fully mediates the effects of knowledge sharing on innovation. Moreover, COLL is found to significantly and positively moderate the effects of knowledge sharing on both organisational learning and innovation. The results indicate that organisational learning serves as the mechanism that transforms knowledge into innovation, but this effect is contingent on COLL of ITSPs.

Practical implications
The findings suggest that ITSPs from developing countries can look beyond costly investments in research and development activities to invigorate their innovative capabilities. ITSPs can focus on the development of their intangible assets such as COLL to enhance the effects of knowledge-based resources on innovation for sustaining their competitiveness.

Originality/value
The moderated-mediation analytical approach to assessing the joint effects of knowledge sharing, organisational learning and collectivism on innovation is novel. The significant effects of the moderator suggest that the mediation mechanisms might differ depending on the levels of development of COLL in the organisation.