bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitational Micro-lensing Effects and Astrophysical Applications
Authors: Chang K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe most favourable methods of observing the phenomenon of gravitational lensing are through high-amplification events and the time delay between the images. These effects provide us with the information to determine the Hubble parameter and the matter distribution in the universe. The image properties due to micro-lensing can be used to find the size and structure of the source.
The Parkes-MIT-NRAO Southern Sky Survey at 4850 MHz
Authors: Griffith M. , Wright A. E. , Hunt A. J. , Troup E. , Ekers R. D. , Buckett P. , Cooke D. J. , Freeman G. , Glowacki J. , Jennings D. , Knop U. , Lam B. , McGovern I. , McConnell D. , Norris R. P. , Otrupcek R. , Twardy R. , Williams T. , Behrens G. , Chestnut C. , Burke B. F. , Fletcher A. , Russell K. S. , Savage A. , Lim J. , Vaughan A. E. , Côté S. , Anderson M. , Hons A. , White G. L. , Amy S. , Burgess A. , Chan S. , Cram L. , Gray A. , Walsh W. , Campbell-Wilson D. , McIntyre V. , Randall P. , Suters M. , Zealey W. J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDuring 1990 we surveyed the southern sky using a multi-beam receiver at frequencies of 4850 and 843 MHz. The half-power beamwidths were 4 and 25 arcmin respectively. The finished surveys cover the declination range between +10 and −90 degrees declination, essentially complete in right ascension, an area of 7.30 steradians. Preliminary analysis of the 4850 MHz data indicates that we will achieve a five sigma flux density limit of about 30 mJy. We estimate that we will find between 80 000 and 90 000 new sources above this limit. This is a revised version of the paper presented at the Regional Meeting by the first four authors; the surveys now have been completed.
The Stability of a Warped Accretion Disc
Authors: Coleman Colin S. , Kumar Sanjiv 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn accretion disc becomes warped when subjected to a torque which is misaligned with the disc plane. Such torques may be caused by Lense-Thirring precession near a spinning compact object, or the quadrupole field of a binary star. Here the flow in an adiabatic warped disc is modelled as a two-dimensional shear layer with linear velocity profile and free surface boundary conditions, and is investigated by means of a linear stability analysis.The flow is found to be unstable whenever it contains a critical layer, i.e., a level at which the shear velocity is equal to the phase velocity. The instability occurs over a broad wavenumber range and has a typical dimensionless growth rate ≈ 0.1 for both the compressible and incompressible cases. These waves grow with a time-scale of about one orbital period, and are likely to have a major effect on the disc viscosity.
The Distribution of Radio Polarisation in Three Southern Galaxies
Authors: Harnett J. I. , Klein U. , Wielebinski R. , Haynes R. F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe are studying the distribution and morphology of magnetic fields in southern face-on and edge-on galaxies with the intention of clarifying the distribution, lifetimes and transport mechanisms of cosmic rays, and investigating the intensity and orientation of the disc, halo and poloidal magnetic fields. As a preliminary study, before the Australia Telescope was available, we observed a sample of well-known southern spiral galaxies with the Parkes radio telescope.Here, we present the resulting polarisation images for three galaxies, NGC 253, M 83 and NGC 4945, which were observed at 4.75 GHz and 8.55 GHz. The corresponding total power contour plots have been already published by Harnett et al. (1989a, 1990).
Study of Pulsations in the Nova-like Variable KR Aur and the Intermediate Polar BG CMi
Authors: Singh J. , Agrawal P. C. , Apparao M. V. K. , Manchanda R. K. , Rao P. Vivekananda , Sarma M. B. K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFast photometric observations of a nova-like variable KR Aurigae and the intermediate polar BG CMi (3A0729+103) were made in the B and U bands during 1984–89 to study pulsations in them. The light curves of KR Aur show large amplitude quasi-periodic pulsations with periods in the range 500–800s which can be ascribed to inhomogeneities in the accretion disc. The light curves of the X-ray emitting intermediate polar BG CMi show variable amplitude pulsations with 913s period. From the times of maxima of the pulsations obtained from observations over the period 1984–1989, the pulsation period is derived to be 0.010572966 ± 8 days and the spin-up rate to be (−5.7 ± 0.5) × 10−11 ss−1. The spin-up rate is consistent with the pulsating source being a white dwarf and not a neutron star.
A Large Number of Herbig-Haro Objects/Candidates in Star-Forming Regions
Authors: Ogura Katsuo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAltogether 26 new Herbig-Haro (HH) objects have been discovered by slit spectroscopy and narrow-band CCD imagery. Several of them are very remarkable in various aspects. We have also found a total of over 1000 HH candidates in L1641, L1630 and NGC 2264 on deep Schmidt plates. Fibre spectroscopy is currently underway, confirming already some 70 HH objects. Implications of this large number are briefly discussed.
Preliminary Research on the Hot Spots of Energy Flares since Cycle 21
Authors: Baorong Luo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe time and spatial distributions of the ‘energy flare indices’ which have been observed since Cycle 21 are analysed and 13 hot spots of energy flares during this period are given in this article. These active regions of the ‘hot spots’ appear repeatedly where there erupted the energy flares accounting for 63.2 per cent of the total indices. The characteristics of the hot spots of the energy flares and the relationship between the hot spots and the evolution of the large-scale magnetic fields are also further discussed in this paper.
Status of the Perth Observatory Automated Supernova Search Program
Authors: Williams A. J. , Blair D. G. , Burman R. , Evans M. , Martin R. , Birch P. V. , Candy M. P. , Verveer A. , Koch R. , Lynch M. J. , Dai X. , Zadnik M. G. , Foster D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Perth Astronomy Research Group (PARG), consisting of members from Curtin University of Technology, Perth Observatory and the University of Western Australia, is in the process of developing an automated supernova search system, using the 61-cm Lowell-Perth reflector, a CCD camera and an 80386-based computer for image analysis. Computer control of the telescope and dome, a liquid-nitrogen-cooled CCD camera, and modified VISTA image analysis software will be completed in late 1990, allowing initial semi-automatic searching of external galaxies, together with CCD photometry of flare stars and newly discovered supernovae. Full-scale automation will be introduced subsequently, in collaboration with the Berkeley group. This paper describes the project, and reports on its current status.
Further Evidence for Large Grains in the Dust Shell Surrounding AG Carinae
Authors: Hyland A. R. , Robinson G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThere is growing evidence for the notion that large grains are an important constituent of the interstellar medium. It has been found to be necessary to invoke the presence of large grains (of radius a > 1.0 μm) in a number of circumstellar shells, including those around Eta Carinae, and some late type giants and supergiants. Most recently, as a result of IRAS observations, the same idea has been used in the interpretation of the extensive optically thin disks found around some young early type stars. It is important to establish size constraints on these grains, so as to determine better the probable mix of interstellar grains. Previous work on AG Carinae suggested merely that the grains in the circumstellar shell need to be larger than 1 μm, but gave no information regarding the maximum size which would be acceptable. In this paper, we explore the question of the characteristic size of the dust grains in the AG Carinae shell, by fitting the spatially integrated model energy distribution to observations over the wavelength range 360 nm–100 μm, and conclude that silicate grains of radius ~ 1.0 μm give a satisfactory fit to the spectrum and angular distribution, but that grains appreciably larger or smaller than this radius are unsatisfactory.
Population III Objects and Lithium Abundance
Authors: Ramadurai S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe earlier work on the production of deuterium in the accretion tori around Population III objects has been criticised on the basis of relative production ratios of deuterium, helium-3 and 7Li. It is shown here that the criticism on the basis of helium-3 over-production is unjustified, as no measurement of helium-3 and lithium abundances for the same stars is available. It is predicted that indeed the helium-3 abundance determination will be the best means to verify the original hypothesis.
Edinburgh Astronomy and Educational Teaching Packages
Authors: Savage Ann , Tritton Sue , Brück Mary 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFilm copies of original astronomical plates taken with the 1.2-metre UK Schmidt Telescope (UKST) at Siding Spring Observatory, New South Wales have been used for several years at Edinburgh University. Two teaching packages are intended for undergraduate use; the educational packages are mainly designed as visual aids for colleges, schools and amateur groups.
The Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer Mission
Authors: Welsh Barry Y. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) is a NASA funded astronomy mission which will operate in the 70–760Å spectral hand. The science payload has been designed and built by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley and consists of three grazing incidence scanning telescopes and an EUV spectrometer/deep survey instrument.We give an overview of the planned mission profile and briefly discuss the instrumentation which comprises the science payload. The EUVE is scheduled for launch in late August 1991.
A Regression Model derived from Proxy Data for the 11-year Solar Cycle
Authors: Murphy J.O. , Veblen T.T. , Sampson H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRing-width time series obtained from Engelmann Spruce trees growing at high altitude sites in the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, exhibit dominant 11-year spectral periodicities. A significant linear cross-correlation also exists between these series and the Zurich series of annual sunspot numbers. A regression model based on these proxy data has been developed for the annual variation of the 11-year solar cycle. It is established that over the calibration period a very high percentage of the variance (40%) in growth patterns, contributed by a single source, can be explained by solar variation. The model correlates with the Zürich series of sunspot numbers at the 99% significance level post 1870 AD. However, over the total period 1700–1870 AD the comparison was found to be not statistically significant at lag 0. Some possible reasons for this are considered.
Ammonia and Near-Infrared Observations of Southern Dark Clouds
Authors: Bourke T.L. , Hyland A.R. , Robinson G. , James S.D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Parkes radio telescope has been used to search a list of small, dense southern dark clouds and Bok globules for ammonia emission at 23.7 GHz. The ammonia observations, together with IRAS data and the cloud’s visual appearance, have been used to determine a short list of dark clouds for observation with the infrared imaging system (IRIS) on the Anglo-Australian Telescope, in an attempt to determine the dust density distribution within the clouds. Near-infrared images of a number of the short listed clouds have been obtained with IRIS at J, H and K’. Preliminary results are reported for this ammonia survey, together with IRIS images of the strong ammonia source DC 297.7–2.8. Coincident with the dense ammonia core of this object is an IRAS ‘core’ source, IRAS 11590–6452 and an extremely interesting near-infrared source, which lies on the edge of the error ellipse of the IRAS source.
Molecular Ices as Temperature Indicators in the ISM
Authors: Smith R. G. , Robinson G. , Hyland A. R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMolecular ices are a common component of the dust in many molecular clouds and circumstellar shells. The most abundant molecule, H2O, has several infrared spectral features which have strongly temperature dependent shapes (FWHM) and peak wavelengths. This paper describes how a study of these features, both astronomically and in the laboratory, can lead to constraints on the temperatures of interstellar dust grains. This is demonstrated in part by comparing several astronomical spectra with laboratory spectra of H2O ice.
A Near-infrared View of SNR—Molecular Cloud Interactions
Authors: Burton Michael , Spyromilio Jason 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSpectroscopic imaging of the SNR RCW 103 has revealed extensive emission in near-infrared lines of H2and [Fe II], where the blast wave is encountering a molecular cloud. The H2 appears to be located outside the [FeII], a morphology which challenges our understanding of shock wave physics. It is suggested that reverse shocks may be responsible for the phenomenom.
Dust and Gas Correlations in the Region of the South Celestial Pole
Authors: King D. J. , Taylor K. N. R. 
Published: July 2016

About 20 years ago de Vaucouleurs (1955, 1960) drew attention to faint but extensive nebulosity in the region of the South Celestial Pole. He tentatively identified it as being emission nebulosity, excited by OB stars in the overlying galactic plane. The extent of these nebulae has become even more apparent in recent years on IIIa-J plates taken for the U.K. Schmidt survey of the southern sky. From a study of survey plates covering the sky south of declination	80° a map has been prepared of the nebulosity visible in the region. A study made of this ∽nebulosity suggests that it is predominantly reflection nebulosity, with the main source of illumination being integrated starlight of the overlying Carina spiral arm. The bulk of it is of very low surface brightness (fainter than about 26 mag. per square arcsec) and appears to be in the form of a broken layer underlying the local galactic plane at an altitude of ∽ 40–80 pc. There are a number of brighter nebulous patches and filaments, frequently highly structured on a scale of minutes of arc, and extending across several degrees, usually parallel to the galactic plane.
Interferometric Measurements of Atmospheric Seeing
Authors: O’Byrne J . W . 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn conjunction with the Stellar Interferometer project at Sydney University, a shearing interferometer system has been constructed to measure the atmospheric ‘seeing’ in real time using a portable telescope. The interferometric method allows direct measurement of the parameter ro, which derives from the theory of atmospheric turbulence. This permits reliable comparison with ‘seeing’ determinations by other methods. This paper briefly describes the instrument and presents initial results of the observing program.
Astronomy at the Molonglo Radio Observatory
Authors: Mills B. Y. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSince its commissioning in 1981 the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope has been used by the Astrophysics Department in the University of Sydney for many astronomical programs. These include completed surveys of both Magellanic Clouds made to study their SNR and HII content. The SNR work is essentially complete with 55 remnants identified and firm indications that the previously assumed evolution of a typical SNR (if such exists!) is incompatible with observation. The cataloguing and analysis of the HII regions and planetary nebulae data is complete in the SMC but barely started in the LMC. Other observing programs include the mapping of southern radio and ‘normal’, galaxies, the study of variable sources, ‘deep mapping’ of a selection of far southern fields for cosmological studies, studies of mass loss stars, the Galactic centre and a general survey of a strip along the Galactic plane as a long term program. In addition, advantage has been taken of the ‘real-time’ beams for pulsar studies and for the development of a ‘transient event recorder’ to permit a search for pulsed or other rapidly varying phenomena during normal map synthesis. Some of these programs have been completed but the majority are still in progress.
Synthesis Observations of Southern Supernova Remnants
Authors: Milne D. K. , Caswell J. L. , Haynes R. F. , Kesteven M. J . , Wellington K. J . , Roger R. S. , Bunton J . D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe synthesis telescopes at Fleurs and Molonglo have been used to map 50 supernova remnants. Additional specialized software to process the maps has been developed, and Parkes observations have been used to supply short spacing information missing from the maps.
High resolution mapping with the FST
Authors: Bunton J . D. , Jones I. G. , Brown D. R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent modifications to the Fleurs digital receiver enable the additional correlations between the six 13.7 m dishes to be measured. Previously, only those correlations formed between the four east-west 13.7 m dishes and the thirty-two 5.7 m dishes were measured. This enables the production of three type of maps; each with full 20 arc second resolution but with properties which suit differing astronomical applications.
Frequency Dependence of Radar Meteor Echo Rates
Authors: Thomas R. M . , Whitham P. S. , Elford W. G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMeteor rates have been measured with a large HF Radar at a number of frequencies. At the top end of the HF band our results match those of Greenhow (1963). However at lower frequencies we find high echo rates which indicate that past observations measured only a few percent of the total meteor flux incident on the Earth’s atmosphere. This explains the ‘missing mass’ discrepancy observed when radar results are compared with satellite or visual data. Accounting for’this missing mass results in a four-fold increase in the calculated total meteoroid mass influx to the surface of the Earth from 4000 to 16,000 tonnes per year. Our results also imply that the majority of echoes originate from altitudes above 100 km.
Consumer Protection in China: An Examination of the Toshiba Notebook Case from an Australian Perspective
Authors: Ip Mary 
Published: July 2016

AbstractChina's access to the World Trade Organisation has led to further opening up of its market to foreign operators. However, the influx of foreign investment has simultaneously increased the chance of conflict between Chinese consumers and foreign enterprises. In the past few years, there was an upsurge amongst consumers in China that their rights had been trampled by foreign manufacturers. Amongst all those consumers' complaints, vigorous protests were found against Toshiba Electronic Corporation. Toshiba was being accused of discriminating against Chinese consumers in payment of compensation. This article aims to evaluate the legal issues arising from Toshiba Notebook case. Those issues in Toshiba Notebook case have been addressed from an Australian legal perspective with particular reference to the major consumer legislation that is the Trade Practices Act 1974. Comments are also made on non-legal implications related to the case in question.
Changing Mindsets: How China's Abnormal Sex Ratio Is Turning Its Government into a Champion of Gender Equality
Authors: Tan Liang Ying 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA combination of factors has led to an increasing imbalance in the sex ratio of China's population. China's sex ratio at birth is 119 boys per 100 girls, far above the global norm of 106. This paper will focus on the abnormal sex ratio as a consequence of traditional Chinese gender attitudes holding women inferior and subordinate to men, which have been brought to the fore by a combination of fertility decline and technological advancement. Accordingly, any solution to the demographic problem must address these prevalent, entrenched mind-sets. The government appears to realise that existing laws prohibiting sex-selective abortion and infanticide will fail to correct the sex ratio. This paper examines the trend in government responses towards efforts to address traditional gender attitudes and argues that the demographic crisis may have turned the Chinese government into an unlikely champion of gender equality.
Islamic Law in a National Legal System: A Study on the Implementation of Shari'ah in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Hasnil Basri 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe implementation of shari'ah (Islamic law) in the province of Aceh in Indonesia was the consequence of a national policy of legal pluralism, effected in 2001 when the national government decided to give a special status and wide autonomy to this region. However, certain problems have arisen. One of these is whether the Islamic courts of justice have been conferred competence to deal with Islamic criminal law and if so, which judicial institution should deal with the matter. Another is the meaning and scope of mu'amalat law (the law dealing with human relationships). It also appears that the central government has permitted shari'ah to be implemented for political reasons.
Public Interest Litigation and Human Rights Implementation: The Indian and Australian Experience
Authors: Forster Christine M. , Jivan Vedna 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPublic interest litigation [‘PIL’], typically defined as proceedings in which the public or the community at large has some pecuniary or legal interest, demonstrates an ability to foster human rights compliance. It does this by enabling broader community or ‘public’ interests to be recognised and enforced through the judicial process, thereby revealing greater potential than private rights litigation in addressing the systemic nature of many human rights violations. This in turn has presented greater opportunities domestically to monitor each state's accountability to international human rights standards.This paper compares and contrasts the emergence and development of PIL in two jurisdictions - India and Australia. India was chosen for its remarkable and extensive development of PIL unparalleled in Commonwealth jurisdictions to date, and Australia, for its adoption of a much more restrained and traditional trajectory in line with other members of the Commonwealth. Although PIL has developed differently in the two countries, inevitably shaped by differences in culture, economic development, law and politics, both provide illustrations of PIL's potential (and limitations) in facilitating the development of human rights norms in domestic legal systems.
A Comparative Study of the APEC Privacy Framework- A New Voice in the Data Protection Dialogue?
Authors: Tan Johanna G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe dialogue on data protection has so far been dominated by European and American voices. There are currently a few international conventions in place such as the Council of Europe's 1981 Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to the Automatic processing of personal data, the 1980 OECD Guidelines Governing the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data , which apply to 30 OECD countries, and the EU Directive 95/46/EC on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data, which binds EU member states but has had some impact on non-European countries due to the restriction on cross border flow of information.This has changed with the emergence of the APEC Privacy Framework in 2004 which focuses on the importance of the free flow of information in the digital age. Does the APEC Privacy Framework have anything of value to add or does it dilute the standards already in place? This article will examine these questions and argue that perhaps the APEC Privacy Framework is the first step towards a truly global standard for data protection.