bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Early Reception of Bernard Williams’ Reduplication Argument (1956–62)
Authors: Sauchelli Andrea 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:The reduplication argument advanced by Bernard Williams in 1956 has greatly stimulated the contemporary debate on personal identity. The argument relies on a famous thought experiment that, although not new in the history of philosophy, has engaged some of the most influential contemporary philosophers on the topic. I propose here an interpretation of the argument and a reconstruction of the early reception that Williams’ paper had in the 6 years immediately after its publication. The works discussed include papers by C. B. Martin, G. C. Nerlich, R. Coburn, and J. M. Shorter.
Fracture behavior of highly toughened poly(lactic acid)/ethylene-co-vinyl acetate blends
Authors: Zeng Qingtao , Feng Yongqi , Wang Ruyin , Ma Piming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) is brittle which restricts the range of its applications. The toughness of PLA was effectively improved in this work by incorporation of rubber grade ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (EVM). For example, the elongation at break of PLA increased by about 50 times after the addition of the EVM (10–30 wt%), although the EVM was not miscible with the PLA matrix. Furthermore, the notched impact toughness of PLA/EVM blend (70/30 wt/wt) reached to 85 kJ/m2even at a temperature as low as −10°C. The critical temperatures of brittle-to-ductile transition (BDT) for PLA/EVM blends are observed at −20~0°C depending on the composition, while no BTD transition appeared for neat PLA. The impact fracture surface morphology of PLA and PLA/EVM blends observed by SEM indicates that the toughening modification was achieved through obvious matrix yielding. Moreover, the toughening behavior of the PLA/EVM blends was also interpreted quantitatively by using a single-edge notched three-point bending model (SEN3PB). The SEN3PB experiments reveal that the fracture energy was consumed in an outer plastic zone away from the fracture surface rather than in the inner fracture process zone, which accounts for the high toughness of the PLA/EVM blends.
Toxicological study of some ionic liquids
Authors: Perales Eduardo , Lomba Laura , García-Escudero María , Sarasa Esther , Lafuente Carlos E. , Giner Beatriz 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The increasing interest in the development of new environment-friendly solvents has led to the synthesis of new materials that minimize the impact of solvents on the environment. However, most of the published studies on green solvents focus primarily on their physicochemical properties, with limited emphasis on their toxicological risk in the environment. In this study, the acute toxicities of five ionic liquids, 1-propylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-2-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, on Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna are evaluated. In the latter bioassay, the presence and position of a methyl group on the pyridinium ring or the length of the chain attached to the nitrogen atom seem to be the key factors for toxicity. In the Vibrio fischeri study, the alkyl chain attached to the nitrogen atom has a considerable influence on EC50 values. Moreover, quantitative structure activity relationship studies are performed to relate their physicochemical properties with their acute toxicity.
Obtaining Ceramic Materials from Hydroxyapatite Using Spark-Plasma Sintering
Authors: Bulanov Evgeny N. , Boldin Maxim S. , Knyazev Alexander V. , Korokin Vitaliy Zh. , Popov Alexander A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHydroxyapatite was synthesized via sol-gel and solid-state reaction. Both compounds were investigated using high-temperature X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. For sol-gel hydroxyapatite, we observed a phase transition, confirmed by character of changing of unit-cell parameters, thermal expansion coefficients and endothermic effect on DTA curve. In the process of obtaining ceramics using spark-plasma sintering both compounds manifested an unexpected shrinkage rate. All effects were explained on the basis of changings in crystal structure during distortion polymorphic transition.
An Investigation of Wear Behaviors of AA7075 Al Hybrid Composites
Authors: Yıldırım Musa , Özyürek Dursun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the wear behavior of Al hybrid composites produced by adding 4 % Ti and different amounts of B4C (ex situ) to the AA7075 alloy produced by powder metallurgy method in order to obtain TiAl3 (in situ) reinforcement phase. Different amounts of B4C (3 %, 6 % and 9 %) were added to the 4 % Ti added AA7075 alloy. Preformed parts were sintered in controlled atmosphere (argon) heat treatment furnace at 580 °C for 4 hours and then cooled. After the sintering process, the samples were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and density and hardness measurements. Wear tests of the samples were conducted at 1ms-1 sliding speed, under 30N load for 6 different sliding distances (500–3000 m). As a result of the study, the density of the AA7075 alloys, added 4 % Ti and different amounts of B4C, was observed to decrease by the increasing amount of reinforcement elements. Also, the highest hardness value was measured for the 9 % B4C added AA7075 alloy. Wear test results showed that the weight loss of the aluminum hybrid composites increased with the increasing sliding distance. On the other hand, it was observed that weight losses of composites decreased with increasing amount of B4C.
An Efficient Adaptive Filter for Fetal ECG Extraction Using Neural Network
Authors: Kaleem Abdullah Mohammed , Kokate Rajendra D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFetal electrocardiogram checking is a strategy for acquiring critical data about the state of the fetus during pregnancy and labor. This is done by measuring electrical signals created by the fetal heart as measured from multichannel potential recordings on the mother’s body surface. In any case, extraction of fetal signal is difficult because the signal is marred by the mother’s heartbeat signal. Subsequently, in this paper, a powerful versatile filtering strategy is utilized to eliminate the mother’s heartbeat signal with the specific end goal of extricating the fetal signal. The proposed procedure was executed in the working stage of MATLAB and the execution results were investigated.
Micromorphologies of amber beads: manufacturing and use-wear traces as indicators of the artefacts’ biography
Authors: Strafella A. , Angelini I. , Guida G. , Ferrari S. , Cupitò M. , Giuliani M. R. , Vidale M. 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung:Eine Reihe bronzezeitlicher Bernsteinperlen von zwei unterschiedlichen norditalienischen Fundplätzen wurde mit optischer und opto-digitaler Mikroskopie für hochauflösende 3D-Bilder, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie sowie mittels extrem feiner Silikonabgüsse der Durchlochungen untersucht. Die Ausgüsse belegen die Verwendung eines glühenden Werkzeugs, das Spuren an den Innenwänden der Perforationen hinterließ, dies ungeachtet des Abriebs aufgrund der Kettenfäden. Berichtet wird ferner über den Überrest einer verdrillten Pflanzenfaser, die in einem der Perlenlöcher entdeckt wurde, und deren Deutung diskutiert wird.
The effect of CTLA-4 and CD28 gene variants and circulating protein levels in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Arikan Soykan , Gümüş Alper , Küçükhüseyin Özlem , Coşkun Cihan , Turan Saime , Cacina Canan , Kelten Talu Canan , Akyüz Filiz , Farooqi Ammad Ahmad , Kıran Bayram , Yaylım İlhan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objective
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The risk factors for gastric cancer include environmental and genetic factors. Inflammation and the immune system are known to contribute to the development of the gastric cancer. We examined the influence of critical polymorphisms of CTLA-4 and CD28 genes and circulating protein levels on the etiology of gastric cancer.

Methods
Genotyping of SNPs was performed in 55 gastric cancer patients and 105 healthy individuals using the PCR-RFLP method, and circulating levels of sCTLA-4 and sCD28 were measured.

Results
There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele distributions of the evaluated SNPs [CTLA-4-318 C>T (rs5742909), CTLA-4+49 A>G (rs231775), CD28 C>T (rs3116496)] between gastric cancer patients and controls (p=0.36, p=0.78, and p=0.80, respectively). The circulating levels of sCTLA-4 and sCD28 were significantly different between the gastric cancer group and the control group (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively).

Conclusion
The present results suggest that the CTLA-4 and CD28 gene polymorphisms that were evaluated do not play an important role in Turkish patients with gastric cancer. However, sCTLA4 and sCD28 levels were higher in cancer patients and may be useful as an auxiliary parameter in the diagnosis and monitoring of gastric cancer.
Asymptotic Analysis of a Nonlinear Problem on Domain Boundaries in Convection Patterns by Homotopy Renormalization Method
Authors: Xin Hua 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this article, using the homotopy renormalization method, the asymptotic analysis to a nonlinear problem on domain boundaries in convection patterns are given. In particular, by taking a variable coefficient homotopy equation, the global asymptotic solutions satisfying boundary conditions are obtained. These results are better than the existing analytic approximation solutions.
Konventionen der Arbeitsintegration
Authors: Canonica Alan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:

Conventions of Occupational Integration. The Employment of Disabled People in Swiss Enterprises (1950 to 1980)

Disabled people's access to the labour market is one of the leading ideas in disability policy. Its success depends on the willingness of employers to employ handicapped people. Both historical and social studies focus on the welfare state or the people in question, while the perspective of the employers is often neglected. Under what conditions are companies willing to employ people whose performance diverges from the common interest to maximise economic output? Switzerland is well suited for a case study, since there are no regulations for employers, such as a quota-system. Incorporating the theory of «économie des conventions», this study investigates how employers' associations and companies justify employment of disabled people and how these people are valued. The timeframe investigated spans from the immediate post-war period to 1980.
Reticulospinal Contributions to Gross Hand Function after Human Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Baker Stuart N. , Perez Monica A. 
Published: September 2017

Multiple descending motor pathways likely contribute to the recovery of hand motor function following spinal cord injury (SCI). Reticulospinal neurons project to spinal motor neurons controlling hand muscles and extensively sprout into gray matter structures after SCI; therefore, it has been proposed that the reticulospinal tract is one of the descending motor pathways involved in recovery of hand function after injury. To test this hypothesis, we examined the StartReact response, an involuntary release of a planned movement via a startling stimulus that engages the reticulospinal tract, by measuring reaction times from electromyographic activity in an intrinsic finger muscle during three motor tasks requiring different degrees of hand dexterity: index finger abduction, a precision grip, and a power grip. Males and females with and without incomplete chronic cervical SCI were tested. We found that although SCI participants voluntarily responded to all tasks, reaction times were shorter during a startle cue while performing a power grip but not index finger abduction or precision grip. Control subjects had similarly shorter reaction times during a startle cue in all motor tasks. These results provide the first evidence for a contribution of the reticulospinal tract to hand control in humans with SCI during gross finger manipulations and suggest that this contribution is less pronounced during fine dexterous finger movements.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt has been long proposed that brainstem pathways contribute to the recovery of hand function in humans with spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we show that individuals with anatomically incomplete chronic cervical SCI responded to a startle stimulus, a test that engages the reticulospinal tract, while performing a power grip but not during index finger abduction or precision grip. Control subjects responded to a startle stimulus similarly across tasks. These observations suggest that reticulospinal outputs after SCI contribute to hand motor tasks involving gross finger movements. Interestingly, this contribution is less pronounced during fine dexterous finger movements.
The Hox proteins Ubx and AbdA collaborate with the transcription pausing factor M1BP to regulate gene transcription
Authors: Zouaz Amel , Auradkar Ankush , Delfini Marie Claire , Macchi Meiggie , Barthez Marine , Ela Akoa Serge , Bastianelli Leila , Xie Gengqiang , Deng Wu‐Min , Levine Stuart S , Graba Yacine , Saurin Andrew J 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn metazoans, the pausing of RNA polymerase II at the promoter (paused Pol II) has emerged as a widespread and conserved mechanism in the regulation of gene transcription. While critical in recruiting Pol II to the promoter, the role transcription factors play in transitioning paused Pol II into productive Pol II is, however, little known. By studying how Drosophila Hox transcription factors control transcription, we uncovered a molecular mechanism that increases productive transcription. We found that the Hox proteins AbdA and Ubx target gene promoters previously bound by the transcription pausing factor M1BP, containing paused Pol II and enriched with promoter‐proximal Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins, yet lacking the classical H3K27me3 PcG signature. We found that AbdA binding to M1BP‐regulated genes results in reduction in PcG binding, the release of paused Pol II, increases in promoter H3K4me3 histone marks and increased gene transcription. Linking transcription factors, PcG proteins and paused Pol II states, these data identify a two‐step mechanism of Hox‐driven transcription, with M1BP binding leading to Pol II recruitment followed by AbdA targeting, which results in a change in the chromatin landscape and enhanced transcription.
Histone Acetylation, Not Stoichiometry, Regulates Linker Histone Binding inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Lawrence Mackenzie B D , Coutin Nicolas , Choi Jennifer K , Martin Benjamin J E , Irwin Nicholas A T , Young Barry , Loewen Christopher , Howe LeAnn J 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLinker histones play an important role in shaping chromatin structure, but the regulation of their interactions with chromatin is poorly understood...Linker histones play a fundamental role in shaping chromatin structure, but how their interaction with chromatin is regulated is not well understood. In this study, we used a combination of genetic and genomic approaches to explore the regulation of linker histone binding in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that increased expression of Hho1, the yeast linker histone, resulted in a severe growth defect, despite only subtle changes in chromatin structure. Further, this growth defect was rescued by mutations that increase histone acetylation. Consistent with this, genome-wide analysis of linker histone occupancy revealed an inverse correlation with histone tail acetylation in both yeast and mouse embryonic stem cells. Collectively, these results suggest that histone acetylation negatively regulates linker histone binding in S. cerevisiae and other organisms and provide important insight into how chromatin structure is regulated and maintained to both facilitate and repress transcription.
Primary Hepatic Lymphoma Complicated by a Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor and Tumor-Forming Pancreatitis
Authors: Kaneko Rena , Mitomi Hiroyuki , Nakazaki Natsuko , Yano Yuichiro , Ogawa Masazumi , Sato Yuzuru 
Published: September 2017

Background: Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is considered to be benign in biological behavior, and its malignant transformation is extremely rare. There has only been one published case of primary hepatic lymphoma complicated by hepatic IPT.Case presentation: A 73-year-old man presented with obstructive jaundice and a pancreatic head mass. Histology of the mass revealed chronic pancreatitis with lymphoid follicle formation, leading to a diagnosis of a suspicion of follicular pancreatitis. After a choledochojejunostomy, a hepatic tumor was detected, and a biopsy revealed lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the polyclonal nature of lymphoplasma cells, indicative of an IPT. The hepatic tumor disappeared during follow-up, but the patient exhibited a high fever related to tumor recurrence. A biopsy revealed the co-existence of a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and an IPT. IgG4-related disease was excluded because storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, and a significant increase in IgG4-immunoreactive cells were absent in all investigated tissues. The tumor completely disappeared after chemotherapy.Conclusion: Careful observation is necessary in this kind of situation because the presence of a hepatic IPT may represent an increased risk of malignant transformation.Abbreviations: IPT: inflammatory pseudotumor; DLBCL: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; CT: computed tomography; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; sIL-2R: soluble interleukin-2 receptor; EBER: Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA; R-CHOP: rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone
Volumetric Laser Endomicroscopy for Barrett’s Esophagus – Looking at the Fine Print
Authors: Jain Deepanshu , Fatima Sanna , Jain Shilpa , Singhal Shashideep 
Published: September 2017

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a premalignant condition. The incidence of adenocarcinoma in BE has been reported to be between 0.1-3%. Dysplasia in BE is patchy and extensive biopsy sampling is labor intensive, low yield and does not eliminate the sampling error completely. Volumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) is expected to enable endoscopists to do targeted biopsy of dysplastic/cancerous lesions (not visible on white light endoscopy) among patients with BE. We reviewed 7 studies with a total of 62 subjects who had undergone VLE. Of 34 patients with available data, VLE correlated with histology in 17 subjects (50%). It missed the underlying diagnosis in one subject (2.9%). VLE led to inadvertent biopsy in 16 patients (47.1%), and led or would have led to upstaging of disease in 11 subjects (32.4%). In the entire cohort, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value (NPV) of VLE for diagnosis of dysplasia, buried Barrett’s or intramucosal carcinoma was 92.3%, 23.8%, 42.9% and 83.3%, respectively. High sensitivity and NPV can potentially help space out the surveillance intervals. Low specificity does lead to a high number of biopsies, which are likely less than non targeted biopsies. Volumetric laser endomicroscopy is a safe and sensitive test to identify mucosal lesions in patients with BE which are invisible under standard white light endoscopy.Abbreviations: BE: Barrett’s Esophagus; BB: Buried Barrett’s; EAC: Esophageal adenocarcinoma; EDS: Evans Dysplasia Score; EMR: Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; GERD: Gastro-esophageal reflux disease; HGD: High grade dysplasia; IMC: Intra-mucosal adenocarcinoma; LGD: Low grade dysplasia; NBI: Narrow Band Imaging; OCT-SI: Optical Coherence Tomography Scoring Index; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; SGS: Sub-squamous glandular structures; VLE: Volumetric Laser Endomicroscopy; WLE: White Light Endoscopy.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Antibiotic Use for Viral Illness in Emergency Departments
Authors: Goyal Monika K. , Johnson Tiffani J. , Chamberlain James M. , Casper T. Charles , Simmons Timothy , Alessandrini Evaline A. , Bajaj Lalit , Grundmeier Robert W. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Lorch Scott A. , Alpern Elizabeth R. ,   for The Pediatric Care Applied Research Network (PECARN)
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:In the primary care setting, there are racial and ethnic differences in antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). Viral ARTIs are commonly diagnosed in the pediatric emergency department (PED), in which racial and ethnic differences in antibiotic prescribing have not been previously reported. We sought to investigate whether patient race and ethnicity was associated with differences in antibiotic prescribing for viral ARTIs in the PED.METHODS:This is a retrospective cohort study of encounters at 7 PEDs in 2013, in which we used electronic health data from the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Registry. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between patient race and ethnicity and antibiotics administered or prescribed among children discharged from the hospital with viral ARTI. Children with bacterial codiagnoses, chronic disease, or who were immunocompromised were excluded. Covariates included age, sex, insurance, triage level, provider type, emergency department type, and emergency department site.RESULTS:Of 39 445 PED encounters for viral ARTIs that met inclusion criteria, 2.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4%–2.8%) received antibiotics, including 4.3% of non-Hispanic (NH) white, 1.9% of NH black, 2.6% of Hispanic, and 2.9% of other NH children. In multivariable analyses, NH black (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.44; CI 0.36–0.53), Hispanic (aOR 0.65; CI 0.53–0.81), and other NH (aOR 0.68; CI 0.52–0.87) children remained less likely to receive antibiotics for viral ARTIs.CONCLUSIONS:Compared with NH white children, NH black and Hispanic children were less likely to receive antibiotics for viral ARTIs in the PED. Future research should seek to understand why racial and ethnic differences in overprescribing exist, including parental expectations, provider perceptions of parental expectations, and implicit provider bias.