bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efeitos de diferentes doses de hiclato de doxiciclina nos parâmetros hematológicos de cães com erliquiose
Authors: Rondelli Mariana Cristina Hoeppner , Garrido Palacios Junior Reinaldo Juan , Salardani Senhorello Igor Luiz , Santana Áureo Evangelista , Tinucci-Costa Mirela 
Published: February 2017

Resumo: Este estudo objetivou comparar os efeitos de duas doses de hiclato de doxiciclina sobre a contagem de hemácias, concentração de hemoglobina, hematócrito, contagem de leucócitos e plaquetas de cães com erliquiose. Foram estudados os grupos I, composto por cães saudáveis (n=6), negativos na sorologia para Ehrlichia canis e Leptospira spp., na PCR em tempo real para E. canis e Anaplasma platys e na semi–nested PCR para Babesia canis; grupos II (n=6) e III (n=6), compostos por cães com história clínica sugestiva, sorologia e/ou PCR em tempo real positivas para E. canis, e negativos na pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp., na PCR em tempo real para A. platys e na semi–nested PCR para B. canis. Os cães doentes foram tratados com hiclato de doxiciclina via oral a cada 12 horas por 30 dias (5 mg/kg, grupo II; 10 mg/kg, grupo III). Hemogramas foram feitos antes, decorridos 15 dias e aos 10 dias após o término dos tratamentos. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos nos tempos avaliados quanto às variáveis hemácias, hemoglobina, hematócrito e leucócitos. Observou-se diferença quanto aos trombócitos entre o grupo I e os grupos II e III (p<0,0001) no início do estudo. Aos 15 dias de tratamento, a média do grupo III foi menor que dos grupos I (p=0,008) e II (p=0,0007), indicando persistência da trombocitopenia, ausente no grupo II. Não houve diferença entre os grupos no tempo final, sugerindo que ambos os tratamentos promoveram aumento da contagem de plaquetas em cães naturalmente infectados por E. canis.
Atividade antioxidante e teor de fenólicos em couve-manteiga (brassica oleracea l. var. acephala) submetida a diferentes sistemas de cultivo e métodos de preparo
Authors: Rigueira Geysa Duarte Junger , Bandeira Ana Vládia Moreira , Chagas Camila Gonçalves Oliveira , Milagres Regina Célia Rdrigues de Miranda 
Published: February 2017

O estudo avaliou a influência de sistemas de cultivo e de métodos de preparo na atividade antioxidante e no teor de fenólicos de folhas e talos da couve manteiga (Brassica Oleracea L. var. acephala). Amostras de couve cultivadas pelo sistema convencional e orgânico foram pesadas, higienizadas e os talos separados das folhas. Foram submetidas aos modos de preparo: cru (couve in natura); calor seco (refogada) e calor úmido (imersa em água fervente). Avaliou-se à atividade antioxidante e os compostos fenólicos pelo método espectrofotométrico. A verificação de compostos fenólicos e compostos com atividade antioxidante foi realizada por Cromatografia em Camada Delgada (CCD). O sistema de cultivo orgânico e o preparo em calor seco foram os tratamentos que obtiveram os maiores percentuais de antioxidantes e teores de compostos fenólicos, principalmente, em folhas de couve. A atividade antioxidante variou de 38 a 87% nas folhas e de 13 a 56% nos talos de couve. Quanto aos compostos fenólicos os teores médios estiveram entre 173 e 244 mg EAG/100g nas folhas e 86 e 180 mg EAG/100g nos talos. As análises por CCD revelaram que todos os extratos de folhas e talos de couve apresentaram compostos fenólicos bem como componentes com ação antioxidante, mas nem todos com correlação. Conclui-se que a combinação de sistema de cultivo orgânico e cocção em calor seco pode ser eficiente para preservação e ou aumento do teor de compostos fenólicos e da atividade antioxidante em talos e, principalmente, em folhas de couve.
Dry Eye in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Khurana Geetika , Khurana Deeksha , Jain Rajesh 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
To study tear film changes in patients of Type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic retinopathy.

Method:
A hospital based, cross sectional, observational study including 40 patients of Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic retinopathy and 40 patients without diabetic retinopathy. The parameters evaluated for each patient included a questionnaire (based on McMonnie’s Dry Eye questionnaire), Schirmer’s basic secretion test (BST) and Tear film break up time (TBUT).

Results:
The prevalence of dry eye in patients without diabetic retinopathy was 5% (Schirmer’s BST) and 42.5% (TBUT) as compared to 21.25% (Schirmer’s BST) and 82.5% (TBUT) in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Schirmer’s BST and TBUT were found decreased with the increase in severity of diabetic retinopathy (p<0.001).

Conclusions:
The prevalence and severity of dry eye, based on clinical parameters, was more in patients with diabetic retinopathy as compared to those without diabetic retinopathy.
miR‐15b modulates multidrug resistance in human osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Duan Zhenfeng , Gao Yan , Shen Jacson , Choy Edwin , Cote Gregory , Harmon David , Bernstein Karen , Lozano‐Calderon Santiago , Mankin Henry , Hornicek Francis J. 
Published: February 2017

The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs continues to be a major clinical problem. MicroRNAs (miRNA, miR) play an important role in regulating tumour cell growth and survival; however, the role of miRs in the development of drug resistance in osteosarcoma cells is largely uncharacterized. We sought to identify and characterize human miRs that act as key regulators of MDR in osteosarcoma. We utilized a miR microarray to screen for differentially expressed miRs in osteosarcoma MDR cell lines. We determined the mechanisms of the deregulation of expression of miR‐15b in osteosarcoma MDR cell lines, and its association with clinically obtained tumour samples was examined in tissue microarray (TMA). The significance of miR‐15b in reversing drug resistance was evaluated in a mouse xenograft model of MDR osteosarcoma. We identified miR‐15b as being significantly (P < 0.01) downregulated in KHOSMR and U‐2OSMR cell lines as compared with their parental cell lines. We found that Wee1 is a target gene of miR‐15b and observed that transfection with miR‐15b inhibits Wee1 expression and partially reverses MDR in osteosarcoma cell lines. Systemic in vivo administration of miR‐15b mimics sensitizes resistant cells to doxorubicin and induces cell death in MDR models of osteosarcoma. Clinically, reduced miR‐15b expression was associated with poor patient survival. Osteosarcoma patients with low miR‐15b expression levels had significantly shorter survival times than patients with high expression levels of miR‐15b. These results collectively indicate that MDR in osteosarcoma is associated with downregulation of miR‐15b, and miR‐15b reconstitution can reverse chemotherapy resistance in osteosarcoma.
Delayed warming hiatus over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: An Wenling , Hou Shugui , Hu Yongyun , Wu Shuangye 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA reduction in the warming rate for the global surface temperature since the late 1990s has attracted much attention and caused a great deal of controversy. During the same time period, however, most previous studies have reported enhanced warming over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this study we further examined the temperature trend of the TP and surrounding areas based on the homogenized temperature records for the period 1980–2014, we found that for the TP regions lower than 4000 m the warming rate has started to slow down since the late 1990s, a similar pattern consistent with the whole China and the global temperature trend. However, for the TP regions higher than 4000 m, this reduction in warming rate did not occur until the mid‐2000s. This delayed warming hiatus could be related to changes in regional radiative, energy, and land surface processes in recent years.
The formation of superdense plasma sheet in association with the IMF turning from northward to southward
Authors: Li Wen‐Hui , Raeder Joachim , Thomsen Michelle F. , Lavraud Benoit , Lü Lian‐Zhong , Liang En‐Wei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe have studied two events in which relatively superdense plasma appeared near geosynchronous orbit after the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) changed from a long period of northward condition to southward condition. We used the magnetosphere MHD model Open Geospace General Circulation Model to simulate these two events and compared the simulation results with observations. The observations and the simulation results show that an extended period of northward IMF caused a cold dense plasma sheet (CDPS) to form in the near tail, and a subsequent southward IMF caused a highly stretched near‐tail dipole field, which enhanced the earthward convection and eventually set off reconnection. Some of the cold dense plasma was thus consequently transported to geosynchronous orbit and formed a superdense plasma sheet (SDPS). CDPS is the main source of SDPS in its early stage after the IMF southward turning.
Global distribution and parameter dependences of gravity wave activity in the Martian upper thermosphere derived from MAVEN/NGIMS observations
Authors: Terada Naoki , Leblanc François , Nakagawa Hiromu , Medvedev Alexander S. , Yiğit Erdal , Kuroda Takeshi , Hara Takuya , England Scott L. , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Terada Kaori , Seki Kanako , Mahaffy Paul R. , Elrod Meredith , Benna Mehdi , Grebowsky Joseph , Jakosky Bruce M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWavelike perturbations in the Martian upper thermosphere observed by the Neutral Gas Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) onboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft have been analyzed. The amplitudes of small‐scale perturbations with apparent wavelengths between ~100 and ~500 km in the Ar density around the exobase show a clear dependence on temperature (T0) of the upper thermosphere. The average amplitude of the perturbations is ~10% on the dayside and ~20% on the nightside, which is about 2 and 10 times larger than those observed in the Venusian upper thermosphere and in the low‐latitude region of Earth's upper thermosphere, respectively. The amplitudes are inversely proportional to T0, suggesting saturation due to convective instability in the Martian upper thermosphere. After removing the dependence on T0, dependences of the average amplitude on the geographic latitude and longitude and solar wind parameters are found to be not larger than a few percent. These results suggest that the amplitudes of small‐scale perturbations are mainly determined by convective breaking/saturation in the upper thermosphere on Mars, unlike those on Venus and Earth.
Attribution of interminimum changes in global and hemispheric total electron content
Authors: Emmert J. T. , Mannucci A. J. , McDonald S. E. , Vergados P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe use a new data product of electron column density (total electron content, or TEC) maps to estimate and attribute the interminimum changes (the differences between annual averages centered on the 2008 and 1996 solar minima) in TEC global and hemispheric averages (dividing the globe in three different ways). We attribute the observed changes to corresponding changes in solar and geomagnetic activity. The new TEC map product was constructed with temporally consistent processing, and it resolves some of the apparent inconsistencies of earlier studies. The estimated global average TEC interminimum change is −19.3% ± 1.0% (2σ uncertainty), of which −9.1% is attributable to the interminimum change in solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance (as represented by the F10.7 index), −2.2% is attributable to the change in geomagnetic activity (Kp index), and −9.3% remains unattributed. The hemispheric results are very similar to the global results, but the values tend to be slightly larger in the Southern Hemisphere, at low latitudes, and at night, compared to the opposing respective hemispheres. The interminimum changes and temporal variations of thermospheric mass density anomalies (i.e., the difference between the data and the empirical model) are very similar to those of the global and hemispheric TEC residuals, suggesting that they are driven by a common, globally distributed mechanism. Thermospheric composition changes and additional (unobserved) decreases in solar EUV irradiance are possible mechanisms behind the TEC and mass density unattributed changes; we estimate a plausible range of −6% to −13% for the solar EUV irradiance interminimum change.
Radial and local time structure of the Saturnian ring current, revealed by Cassini
Authors: Sergis N. , Jackman C. M. , Thomsen M. F. , Krimigis S. M. , Mitchell D. G. , Hamilton D. C. , Dougherty M. K. , Krupp N. , Wilson R. J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe analyze particle and magnetic field data obtained between July 2004 and December 2013 in the equatorial magnetosphere of Saturn, by the Cassini spacecraft. The radial and local time distribution of the total (thermal and suprathermal) particle pressure and total plasma beta (ratio of particle to magnetic pressure) over radial distances from 5 to 16 Saturn radii (RS = 60,258 km) is presented. The average azimuthal current density Jϕ and its separate components (inertial, pressure gradient, and anisotropy) are computed as a function of radial distance and local time and presented as equatorial maps. We explore the relative contribution of different physical mechanisms that drive the ring current at Saturn. Results show that (a) the particle pressure is controlled by thermal plasma inside of ~8 RS and by the hot ions beyond ~12 RS, exhibiting strong local time asymmetry with higher pressures measured at the dusk and night sectors; (b) the plasma beta increases with radial distance and remains >1 beyond 8–10 RS for all local times; (c) the ring current is asymmetric in local time and forms a maximum region between ~7 and ~13 RS, with values up to 100–115 pA/m2; and (d) the ring current is inertial everywhere inside of 7 RS, exhibits a mixed nature between 7 and 11 RS and is pressure gradient driven beyond 11 RS, with the exception of the noon sector where the mixed nature persists. In the dawn sector, it appears strongly pressure gradient driven for a wider range of radial distance, consistent with fast return flow of hot, tenuous magnetospheric plasma following tail reconnection.
A physically based hydrological connectivity algorithm for describing spatial patterns of soil moisture in the unsaturated zone
Authors: Kim Jonggun , Mohanty Binayak P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHydrologic connectivity has been proposed as an important concept for understanding local processes in the context of catchment hydrology. It can be useful for characterizing the soil moisture variability in complex heterogeneous landscapes. The current land surface models (e.g., Community Land Model, CLM) could not completely account for flow path continuity and connected patterns of subsurface properties in the unsaturated zone. In this study, we developed a physically based hydrologic connectivity algorithm based on dominant physical controls (e.g., topography, soil texture, and vegetation) to better understand the spatially distributed subsurface flow and improve the parameterization of soil hydraulic properties in hydrological modeling. We investigated the effects of mixed physical controls on soil moisture spatial variability and developed hydrologic connectivity using various thresholds. The connectivity was used for identifying the soil moisture variability and applied in a distributed land surface model (CLM) for calibrating soil hydraulic properties and improving model performance for estimating spatially distributed soil moisture. The proposed concept was tested in two watersheds (Little Washita in Oklahoma and Upper South Skunk in Iowa) comparing estimated soil moisture with the airborne remote sensing data (Electronically Scanning Thinned Array Radiometer and Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer). Our finding demonstrated that the spatial variations of soil moisture could be described well using physically based hydrologic connectivity, and the land surface model performance was improved by using the calibrated (distributed) soil hydraulic parameters. In addition, we found that the calibrated soil hydraulic parameters significantly affect model outputs not only on the water cycle but also on surface energy budgets.
Impacts of coal dust from an active mine on the spectral reflectance of Arctic surface snow in Svalbard, Norway
Authors: Khan Alia L. , Dierssen Heidi , Schwarz Joshua P. , Schmitt Carl , Chlus Adam , Hermanson Mark , Painter Thomas H. , McKnight Diane M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLight‐absorbing particles (LAPs) in snow such as dust and black carbon influence the radiative forcing at the Earth's surface, which has major implications for global climate models. LAPs also significantly influence the melting of glaciers, sea ice, and seasonal snow. Here we present an in situ study of surface snow near an active coal mine in the Norwegian Arctic. We couple measurements of spectral hemispherical directional reflectance factor (HDRF) with measurements of LAPs characterized in two ways, as refractory black carbon using a Single Particle Soot Photometer and the total light absorption of LAPs measured with the Light Absorption Heating Method. The Snow Ice and Aerosol Radiation model was constrained by LAP measurements. Results were compared to observed spectral albedo measurements. Modeled and observed albedos were similar at the cleaner and more remote sites. However, the modeled spectral albedos do not fully account for the low spectral albedo measured next to the mine. LAP measurements also showed a large variation in particle sizes (tenths to tens of microns) related to transport distance of the particles from the mine. Here we find that LAPs from coal dust reduce the spectral HDRF by up to 84% next to the mine and 55% 0.5 km downwind of the mine. The coupling of extreme LAP observations (1 ng g−1 to 4863 ng g−1) with HDRF measurements from 350 to 2500 nm has facilitated the development of spectral band pairs, which could be used in the future to remotely assess LAPs in Arctic snow.
A Randomized Educational Interventional Trial of Spaced Education During a Pediatric Rotation
Authors: House Heather , Monuteaux Michael C. , Nagler Joshua 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveSpacing of educational material over time has been shown to improve learning efficiency and long‐term knowledge retention. We evaluated the impact of adding a spaced education curriculum to a month‐long pediatric rotation.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled educational intervention trial of residents on a rotation in a pediatric emergency department. Participants were randomized to the standard curriculum or the standard curriculum with integrated spaced education. The intervention used an automated platform to electronically deliver questions to user e‐mail or mobile devices and provided instant feedback. Our primary outcome was proportion of correctly answered questions following the rotation. Our secondary outcomes included test performance at 3 months, change in clinical confidence, and satisfaction with the spaced learning. Learner opinion of the platform was assessed by postrotation survey.ResultsOf 194 eligible trainees, 122 were enrolled and randomized. A total of 107 of the enrolled residents (88%) completed the immediate postrotation assessment, 48 of whom received spaced education. Sixty residents completed the 3‐month follow‐up. There were no differences between the control and intervention groups in baseline knowledge. The intervention group performed better than the control group on the postrotation assessment (mean difference = 5.4%, 95% confidence interval = 0.1–10.7) when controlled for didactic attendance and clinical exposure. Change in confidence did not differ between groups. Eighty‐seven percent of spaced education learners would participate in a similar model in the future.ConclusionSpaced education during a pediatric emergency medicine rotation is an effective adjunct to a standard curriculum. Participants showed improvement on postrotation knowledge performance and enjoyed this educational approach.
Comparative primate obstetrics: Observations of 15 diurnal births in wild gelada monkeys (Theropithecus gelada) and their implications for understanding human and nonhuman primate birth evolution
Authors: Nguyen Nga , Lee Laura M. , Fashing Peter J. , Nurmi Niina O. , Stewart Kathrine M. , Turner Taylor J. , Barry Tyler S. , Callingham Kadie R. , Goodale C. Barret , Kellogg Bryce S. , Burke Ryan J. , Bechtold Emily K. , Claase Megan J. , Eriksen G. Anita , Jones Sorrel C.Z. , Kerby Jeffrey T. , Kraus Jacob B. , Miller Carrie M. , Trew Thomas H. , Zhao Yi , Beierschmitt Evan C. , Ramsay Malcolm S. , Reynolds Jason D. , Venkataraman Vivek V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe birth process has been studied extensively in many human societies, yet little is known about this essential life history event in other primates. Here, we provide the most detailed account of behaviors surrounding birth for any wild nonhuman primate to date.Materials and MethodsOver a recent ∼10‐year period, we directly observed 15 diurnal births (13 live births and 2 stillbirths) among geladas (Theropithecus gelada) at Guassa, Ethiopia. During each birth, we recorded the occurrence (or absence) of 16 periparturitional events, chosen for their potential to provide comparative evolutionary insights into the factors that shaped birth behaviors in humans and other primates.ResultsWe found that several events (e.g., adopting standing crouched positions, delivering infants headfirst) occurred during all births, while other events (e.g., aiding the infant from the birth canal, licking infants following delivery, placentophagy) occurred during, or immediately after, most births. Moreover, multiparas (n = 9) were more likely than primiparas (n = 6) to (a) give birth later in the day, (b) isolate themselves from nearby conspecifics while giving birth, (c) aid the infant from the birth canal, and (d) consume the placenta.DiscussionOur results suggest that prior maternal experience may contribute to greater competence or efficiency during the birth process. Moreover, face presentations (in which infants are born with their neck extended and their face appearing first, facing the mother) appear to be the norm for geladas. Lastly, malpresentations (in which infants are born in the occiput anterior position more typical of human infants) may be associated with increased mortality in this species. We compare the birth process in geladas to those in other primates (including humans) and discuss several key implications of our study for advancing understanding of obstetrics and the mechanism of labor in humans and nonhuman primates.