bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation and Reliability of the New Lifestyles NL-1000 Accelerometer in New Zealand Preschoolers
Authors: Liggett Leanne , Gray Andrew , Parnell Winsome , McGee Rob , McKenzie Yvette 
Published: August 2016

Background:Objective measures, such as accelerometers, are increasingly being used to measure physical activity (PA) levels in children, and the use of validated and reliable instruments is desirable when measuring the effectiveness of programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the New Lifestyles NL-1000 accelerometer among preschoolers using a modified version of the Children’s Activity Rating Scale (CARS).Methods:Fourteen preschoolers wore the NL-1000 at their waist while the device measured activity levels [in seconds of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)]. They were also videoed for approximately 12 minutes while participating in normal activities at an early childhood center. At approximately 2-minute intervals, activity level readings derived from the NL-1000 were recorded. The video footage was analyzed using a modified CARS technique and the CARS scores compared with data obtained from the accelerometer.Results:Within subject reliability was measured using intraclass correlation coefficients (0.58 for CARS and 0.59 for NL-1000). Furthermore, 95% of the variation in CARS could be explained by variation in the accelerometer counts, with 2.4% of the variation being participant-specific.Conclusion:The NL-1000 is a sufficiently reliable and valid tool for assessing MVPA in preschoolers.
Virtual Umra: An Interdisciplinary Faith-Based Pedometer Intervention for Increasing Steps at School
Authors: Kahan David , Nicaise Virginie 
Published: August 2016

Background:Curriculum interventions aimed at increasing physical activity in schools may prove useful in contexts where changes in policy/environment are not feasible. Design/evaluation of interventions targeting minority groups is important in light of well-publicized health disparities. Religious minorities represent a special subset that may positively respond to interventions tailored to their unique beliefs, which to date have been relatively underreported.Methods:Muslim American youth (n = 45) attending a parochial middle school participated in a religiously- and culturally-tailored 8-wk, interdisciplinary pedometer intervention. School-time ambulatory activity was quantified using a delayed multiple-baseline across subjects ABA design. Visual analysis of graphic data as well as repeated-measures ANOVA and ANCOVA and post hoc contrasts were used to analyze step counts including the moderating effects of day type (PE, no-PE), gender, BMI classification, grade, and time.Results:The intervention elicited modest increases in males’ steps only with effect decay beginning midintervention. BMI classification and grade were not associated with changes in steps.Conclusions:Full curricular integration by affected classroom teachers, staff modeling of PA behavior, and alternative curriculum for girls’ PE classes may further potentiate the intervention.
Recognition of Physical Activities in Overweight Hispanic Youth Using KNOWME Networks
Authors: Emken B. Adar , Li Ming , Thatte Gautam , Lee Sangwon , Annavaram Murali , Mitra Urbashi , Narayanan Shrikanth , Spruijt-Metz Donna 
Published: August 2016

Background:KNOWME Networks is a wireless body area network with 2 triaxial accelerometers, a heart rate monitor, and mobile phone that acts as the data collection hub. One function of KNOWME Networks is to detect physical activity (PA) in overweight Hispanic youth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in-laboratory recognition accuracy of KNOWME.Methods:Twenty overweight Hispanic participants (10 males; age 14.6 ± 1.8 years), underwent 4 data collection sessions consisting of 9 activities/session: lying down, sitting, sitting fidgeting, standing, standing fidgeting, standing playing an active video game, slow walking, brisk walking, and running. Data were used to train activity recognition models. The accuracy of personalized and generalized models is reported.Results:Overall accuracy for personalized models was 84%. The most accurately detected activity was running (96%). The models had difficulty distinguishing between the static and fidgeting categories of sitting and standing. When static and fidgeting activity categories were collapsed, the overall accuracy improved to 94%. Personalized models demonstrated higher accuracy than generalized models.Conclusions:KNOWME Networks can accurately detect a range of activities. KNOWME has the ability to collect and process data in real-time, building the foundation for tailored, real-time interventions to increase PA or decrease sedentary time.
Physical Activity Opportunities in Canadian Childcare Facilities: A Provincial/Territorial Review of Legislation
Authors: Vanderloo Leigh M. , Tucker Patricia , Ismail Ali , van Zandvoort Melissa M. 
Published: August 2016

Background:Preschoolers spend a substantial portion of their day in childcare; therefore, these centers are an ideal venue to encourage healthy active behaviors. It is important that provinces’/territories’ childcare legislation encourage physical activity (PA) opportunities. The purpose of this study was to review Canadian provincial/territorial childcare legislation regarding PA participation. Specifically, this review sought to 1) appraise each provincial/territorial childcare regulation for PA requirements, 2) compare such regulations with the NASPE PA guidelines, and 3) appraise these regulations regarding PA infrastructure.Methods:A review of all provincial/territorial childcare legislation was performed. Each document was reviewed separately by 2 researchers, and the PA regulations were coded and summarized. The specific provincial/territorial PA requirements (eg, type/frequency of activity) were compared with the NASPE guidelines.Results:PA legislation for Canadian childcare facilities varies greatly. Eight of the thirteen provinces/territories provide PA recommendations; however, none provided specific time requirements for daily PA. All provinces/territories did require access to an outdoor play space.Conclusion:All Canadian provinces/territories lack specific PA guidelines for childcare facilities. The development, implementation, and enforcement of national PA legislation for childcare facilities may aid in tackling the childhood obesity epidemic and assist childcare staff in supporting and encouraging PA participation.
Physical Activity Differences by Birthplace and Sex in Youth of Mexican Heritage
Authors: Oh Hyun-Ju , Hannon James , Williams Daniel P. 
Published: August 2016

Background:One of the goals of Healthy People 2020 is to increase physical activity (PA) and reduce health disparities among different racial and ethnic segments of the U.S. population. Few studies have been conducted to examine PA differences by birthplace and sex in youth of Mexican heritage.Methods:Participants were 101 youth (43 boys, 58 girls, 59% U.S.-born, 41% Mexico-born) who wore a sealed New Lifestyles NL-1000 pedometer for 7 consecutive days.Results:Mexico-born youth took more steps, on average, than their U.S.-born counterparts (P = .038). However, moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MVI) time did not differ between Mexico- and U.S.-born youth (P = .146). By contrast to birthplace, sex-related differences were more consistent, as boys took more steps (P = .005) and accumulated more MVI time (P = .043) than girls. Only 4% of our sample met either one or both of the PA recommendations.Conclusions:We conclude that PA may differ by birthplace and by sex in youth of Mexican heritage, as U.S.-born girls were the least active segment of our sample. Culturally sensitive interventions to increase daily PA must become a higher public health priority for youth of Mexican heritage, in particular, for U.S.-born girls of Mexican heritage.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness in Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jae Sae Young , Heffernan Kevin , Fernhall Bo , Choi Yoon-Ho 
Published: August 2016

Background:We tested the hypothesis that higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are inversely associated with carotid artery intima media thickness in 746 (age 53 ± 7 yrs) men with type 2 diabetes.Methods:We measured common carotid intima media thickness and defined carotid atherosclerosis as a carotid intima media thickness > 1.0 mm. Cardiorespiratory fitness was directly measured by peak oxygen uptake using expired gases analysis during a standard treadmill test.Results:Cardiorespiratory fitness was independently associated with common carotid intima media thickness in multivariable regression (β = –0.15, P < .05). After adjusting for established risk factors, high and moderate cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with lower odds ratios for having carotid atherosclerosis—0.49 (95% CI, 0.30–0.81), and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.38–0.92), respectively—as compared with low cardiorespiratory fitness. Each 1 metabolic equivalent increment higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with 27% (OR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61–0.87) lower prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis.Conclusions:These results suggest that high cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with common carotid intima media thickness in men with type 2 diabetes.
Psychosocial Correlates of Physical Activity in Two Cultural Contexts: Different Pathways?
Authors: Silva Pedro , Lott Ryan , Wickrama K. A. S. , Mota Jorge , Welk Greg 
Published: August 2016

Background:If the Youth Physical Activity Promotion (YPAP) model adequately explains youth physical activity (PA) in 2 different cultures and with 2 different sets of instruments, it would suggest that the model has broad utility for youth activity promotion.Methods:Two samples from different countries were used: sample 1—USA, 159 students (n = 83 girls) mean age 11.52 ± 1.40 years; sample 2—Portugal, 203 students (n = 125 girls) mean age 14.99 ± 1.55 years. PA was assessed by accelerometry. The YPAP model was analyzed through structural equation modeling using AMOS (version 17.0).Results:In sample 1, social-support had a direct association on MVPA (β = .58, P < .001), enjoyment (β = .70, P < .05), and self-efficacy (β = –.66, P < .001). Enjoyment significantly predicted MVPA (β = .60, P < .001) and self-efficacy significantly predicted MVPA (β = .55, P < .001). In sample 2, social-support had a direct effect on MVPA (β = .33, P < .05), significantly predicted enjoyment (β = –.43, P < .001), and significantly predicted self-efficacy (β = .63, P < .001). Self-efficacy was a significant predictor of MVPA (β = .14, P < .001) but enjoyment was not.Conclusions:Differences were noted in the nature of the relationships and the relative importance. Self-efficacy and social support had significant effects on MVPA in both samples—despite differences in the way that they were measured and operationalized.
Validity of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) in Adult Latinas
Authors: Hoos Tracy , Espinoza Nancy , Marshall Simon , Arredondo Elva M. 
Published: August 2016

Background:Valid and reliable self-report measures of physical activity (PA) are needed to evaluate the impact of interventions aimed at increasing the levels of PA. However, few valid measures for assessing PA in Latino populations exist.Objective:The purpose of this study is to determine whether the GPAQ is a valid measure of PA among Latinas and to examine its sensitivity to intervention change. Intervention attendance was also examined.Methods:Baseline and postintervention data were collected from 72 Latinas (mean age = 43.01; SD = 9.05) who participated in Caminando con Fe/Walking with Faith, a multilevel intervention promoting PA among church-going Latinas. Participants completed the GPAQ and were asked to wear the accelerometer for 7 consecutive days at baseline and again 6 months later. Accelerometer data were aggregated into 5 levels of activity intensity (sedentary, light, moderate, moderate-vigorous, and vigorous) and correlated to self-reported mean minutes of PA across several domains (leisure time, work, commute and household chores).Results:There were significant correlations at postintervention between self-reported minutes per week of vigorous LTPA and accelerometer measured vigorous PA (r = .404, P < .001) as well as significant correlations of sensitivity to intervention change (post intervention minus baseline) between self-reported vigorous LTPA and accelerometer-measured vigorous PA (r = .383, P < .003) and self-reported total vigorous PA and accelerometer measured vigorous PA (r = .363, P < .003).Conclusions:The findings from this study suggest that the GPAQ may be useful for evaluating the effectiveness of programs aimed at increasing vigorous levels of PA among Latinas.
An Inside Look at Active Transportation in Bogotá: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mosquera Janeth , Parra Diana C. , Gomez Luis Fernando , Sarmiento Olga , Schmid Tom , Jacoby Enrique 
Published: August 2016

Background:The health benefits of physical activity are well documented in scientific literature. Bicycling for transportation is a modality of physical activity that people can incorporate easily into their daily lives.Methods:A qualitative study using 11 semi-structured individual interviews and 5 focus groups was conducted among 31 male and 13 female adult residents of Bogotá, Colombia in 2006, to explore barriers and facilitators of bicycle use for transportation purposes. People were selected based on socioeconomic status, age, and gender. Thematic analysis complemented with thematic network analysis was used to analyze the data.Results:Six main themes emerged from the study: 1) general acknowledgment of individual and collective benefits of bicycle use, 2) built environment conditions were linked with bicycle use, 3) some social factors affect bicycling negatively, 4) people perceived conflicts over public space related to the use of bike-paths, 5) general negative public perception of bicyclists, and 6) gender differences influence patterns of bicycle use.Conclusion:The findings from this qualitative study show that various social and physical barriers must be addressed to increase bicycle use as a means of transportation in Bogotá.
Is Baseline Physical Activity a Determinant of Participation in Worksite Walking Clubs? Data From the HealthWorks Trial
Authors: VanWormer Jeffrey J. , Linde Jennifer A. , Harnack Lisa J. , Stovitz Steven D. , Jeffery Robert W. 
Published: August 2016

Background:Some evidence suggests that physical activity programs mainly attract employees who are already active. This study examined the degree to which baseline physical activity was associated with enrollment in worksite walking clubs.Methods:All variables were measured at baseline. Walking club participation was measured over 2 years. There were 642 individuals from 3 worksites with complete data available for logistic regression analyses.Results:Baseline physical activity [OR (95% CI) = 1.00 (0.99, 1.01)] was not a significant predictor of walking club participation. Participants who were older [OR = 1.03 (1.01, 1.04)] or indicated more social support for physical activity [OR = 1.13 (1.02, 1.25)] had significantly higher odds of participation relative to those who were younger or indicated less social support, respectively. In addition, men [OR = –0.25 (0.18, 0.36)] and employees from the second worksite [OR = –0.41 (0.25, 0.67)] had significantly lower odds of participation relative to women and employees from the first or third worksites, respectively. Sensitivity analyses arrived at similar conclusions.Conclusions:Worksite walking clubs were appealing across varying levels of physical activity. Future research should improve marketing and program design to engage harder-to-reach segments of the workforce, particularly young men and those with limited social support.
Psychological Skills and Adherence to Rehabilitation after Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Scherzer Carrie B. , Brewer Britton W. , Cornelius Allen E. , Van Raalte Judy L. , Petitpas Albert J. , Sklar Joseph H. , Pohlman Mark H. , Krushell Robert J. , Ditmar Terry D. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To examine the relationship between self-reported use of psychological skills and rehabilitation adherence.Design:Prospective correlational design.Setting:Outpatient physical-therapy clinic specializing in sports medicine.Patients:Fifty-four patients (17 women and 37 men) undergoing rehabilitation after anterior-cruciate-ligament reconstruction.Main Outcome Measures:An abbreviated version of the Sports Injury Survey (Ievleva & Orlick, 1991) was administered approximately 5 weeks after surgery to assess use of goal setting, imagery, and positive self-talk. Four adherence measures were obtained during the remainder of rehabilitation: attendance at rehabilitation sessions, practitioner ratings of patient adherence at rehabilitation sessions, patient self-reports of home exercise completion, and patient self-reports of home cryotherapy completion.Results:Goal setting was positively associated with home exercise completion and practitioner adherence ratings. Positive self-talk was positively correlated with home exercise completion.Conclusions:Use of certain psychological skills might contribute to better adherence to sport-injury rehabilitation protocols.
Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Does Not Alter the Kinematics and Kinetics of the Squat-Lifting Technique
Authors: Armstrong Benjamin D. , Cordova Mitchell L. , Ingersoll Christopher D. , Lawrence Nancy F. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Little research has been done evaluating the effects of muscle soreness on a lifting task.Objective:To examine the effects of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in the thigh musculature on kinematic and kinetic variables associated with the squat-lifting technique.Design:Pretest–posttest repeated measures, with treatment as the independent variable (DOMS and no DOMS of the thigh musculature).Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:Twenty healthy college students.Intervention:Subjects were videotaped lifting a 157-N crate before and after DOMS inducement.Main Outcome Measures:A 2-dimensional sagittal-plane video analysis was used to calculate 7 kinematic and kinetic variables.Results:DOMS had no effect on L5/S1 torque and shear or compression, hip torque and range of motion, or knee torque and range of motion during lifting.Conclusions:DOMS does not appear to alter kinematic and kinetic variables associated with the squat-lifting technique.
Reliability of Inversion and Eversion Peak- and Average-Torque Measurements from the Biodex System 3 Dynamometer
Authors: Kaminski Thomas W. , Dover Geoff C. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To determine the reliability of inversion and eversion concentric isokinetic-strength measurements from the Biodex System 3 isokinetic dynamometer.Setting:University biomechanics research laboratory.Subjects:Thirty-five volunteers free from any lower leg and ankle injuries within the preceding year.Measurements:Peak (PT) and average (AT) isokinetic torque at 30°/s and 120°/s for subtalar-joint inversion and eversion.Results:PT intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1) ranged from .54 to .92. AT ICC2,1 ranged from .55 to .91. These ICCs were good to excellent for both PT and AT at each speed and motion tested, except for fair ICCs produced from right-foot-eversion measurements at 30°/s.Conclusions:Inversion and eversion subtalar-joint strength measurements from the Biodex System 3 isokinetic dynamometer are reliable.
Data-Based Interval Throwing Programs for Baseball Position Players from Age 13 to College Level
Authors: Axe Michael J. , Windley Thomas C. , Snyder-Mackler Lynn 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To design interval throwing programs for baseball players other than pitchers from 13 years of age to the college level.Design:The authors recorded throws to base, distance of throws, and perceived effort of throws at 4 levels of play. For catchers they also recorded number of throws to the pitcher, number of sprints to first or third base, and time in the squat stance. From these data they designed throwing programs specific to outfielders, infielders, and catchers.Results:No significant difference was found between the number of throws and distance of throws for infielders and catchers across all age groups. The mean distance of throws differed significantly between 13-year-olds and all other levels of play.Conclusion:The authors devised 1 program for infielders and catchers of all age groups, 1 program for 13-year-old outfielders, and 1 for all other levels.
Recovery of Contractile Properties of the Knee-Extensor Muscles after Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy
Authors: Gapeyeva Helena , Pääsuke Mati , Ereline Jaan , Vaher Vallo , Pintsaar Aivar , Eller Aalo 
Published: August 2016

Context:Contractile characteristics of the knee extensors after arthroscopic meniscectomy are poorly understood.Objective:To measure the recovery of knee-extensor-muscle contractility after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.Design:Single-group repeated measures.Setting:Kinesiology and biomechanics laboratory.Subjects:Fourteen patients with arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomies.Main Outcome Measures:Maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) force, rate of force development (MRFDES), and half-relaxation time (HRTES) of evoked tetanic contraction preoperatively and during 6 months postoperatively.Results:Two weeks postoperatively, a reduction in MVC force of 27.1% and in MRFDESof 17.8% and a prolongation of HRTESof 34.0% in the injured leg were found. A significant MVC-force deficit (17.5%) was observed 3 months postoperatively.Conclusions:The recovery of knee-extensor-muscle voluntary strength is more delayed than are evoked tetanic-contractile characteristics after partial meniscectomy. The rehabilitation protocol seems to be insufficient to attain effective recovery of knee-extensor-muscle voluntary strength.
Maximal Workload and Oxygen Uptake during Exercise after Aortic-Valve Replacement
Authors: Schuchert Andreas , Meinertz Thomas 
Published: August 2016

Context:It is more feasible to assess functional capacity with an exercise test than to measure peak-exercise VO2.Objective:To assess whether maximal workload reliably predicts peak VO2.Patients:Thirty-six patients after aortic-valve replacement during routine follow-up.Design:Incremental symptom-limited cycle exercise test in the upright position with increments of 20 W/min.Setting:Out-clinic patients, university hospital.Main Outcome Measures:Maximal workload, ventilatory threshold, and peak VO2.Results:Maximal workload was 151 ± 39 W, and peak VO2, 1649 ± 486 ml/min. The correlation coefficient between maximal workload and peak VO2 was r = .92 (P < .0001). The regression equation for the estimation of peak VO2 was y = 11.7 (maximal workload in watts) – 110.7. Peak VO2 calculated with this equation was 1657 ± 451 ml/min.Conclusions:Maximal workload during ergometry in the upright position reliably predicted peak VO2.
A Multicenter Study of the Test–Retest Reliability of the Lower Extremity Functional Test
Authors: Tabor Michael A. , Davies George J. , Kernozek Thomas W. , Negrete Rodney J. , Hudson Vincent 
Published: August 2016

Context:Many clinicians use functional-performance tests to determine an athlete’s readiness to resume activity; however, research demonstrating reliability of these tests is limited.Objective:To introduce the Lower Extremity Functional Test (LEFT) and establish it as a reliable assessment tool.Design:Week 1: Subjects participated in a training session. Week 2: Initial maximal-effort time measurements were recorded. Week 3: Retest time measurements were recorded.Setting:The University of Wisconsin–La Crosse (UW-L) and the University of Central Florida (UCF).Subjects:27 subjects from UW-L and 30 from UCF.Main Outcome Measures:Time measurements were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).Results:ICC values of .95 and .97 were established at UW-L and UCF, respectively.Conclusions:The LEFT is a reliable assessment tool.