bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relapsed childhood acute myeloid leukemia patient with inversion of chromosome 16 harboring a low FLT3 internal tandem duplication allelic burden and KIT mutations
Authors: Yamada Ai , Moritake Hiroshi , Kinoshita Mariko , Sawa Daisuke , Kamimura Sachiyo , Iwamoto Shotaro , Yamashita Yuka , Inagaki Jiro , Takahashi Takahide , Shimada Akira , Obara Megumi , Nunoi Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInversion of chromosome 16 [inv(16)] has a good prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but additional genetic aberrations influence the outcome. We herein describe the case of a 15‐year‐old Japanese boy with inv(16) harboring a low‐allelic burden internal tandem duplication of FLT3 (FLT3‐ITD) and KIT mutations. Conventional chemotherapy eradicated a clone with a low‐allelic burden FLT3‐ITD mutation, although another clone with a KIT mutation occurred 17 months later. Further investigation is necessary to identify AML with inv(16) conferring poor prognosis, to facilitate appropriate treatment with additional drugs, such as dasatinib or gemtuzumab ozogamicin.
Bilateral ectopic cervical thymus presenting as a neck mass: Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Tanrivermis Sayit Asli , Elmali Muzaffer , Hashimov Jalal , Ceyhan Bilgici Meltem , Dağdemir Ayhan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEctopic cervical thymus (ECT) is a rare cause of neck mass in the pediatric age group. It is extremely uncommon in infants. Overall more than 100 cases have been reported in the literature, though fewer than 10% involved infants. Furthermore, ECT is usually unilateral and more frequently seen in men than in women. Ultrasound (US) is the preferred initial imaging modality, especially in pediatric neck masses given its wide availability, low cost and lack of radiation exposure. US can show the location, extension, and echotexture of the ECT. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be performed to verify the diagnosis and confirm communication between the ECT and the mediastinal thymus. Diffusion restriction can aid diagnosis when seen in a neck mass similar to that in the mediastinal thymus. Herein is described a case of bilateral ECT in a 2‐month‐old boy with associated US and MRI findings.
Parents in transition: Experiences of parents of young people with a liver transplant transferring to adult services
Authors: Wright J. , Elwell L. , McDonagh J. E. , Kelly D. A. , Wray J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPredictors of successful transition from pediatric to adult services include ability to self‐manage and engage with healthcare services. Parents have a key role in healthcare management throughout childhood and adolescence including encouraging development of self‐management skills in their children. Transition to adult services can be challenging for parents and young people, yet parents’ views regarding transition remain largely unexplored. Nine parents of pediatric liver transplant recipients (15.2–25.1 yr) participated in semistructured interviews. Interviews were analyzed using IPA. Analysis revealed three key themes: “emotional impact of transplantation,” “protection vs. independence,” and “ending relationships and changing roles.” Parents expressed the dichotomous nature of the desire to promote independence in their child while still maintaining control and protection, and discussed how changing roles and relationships were difficult to navigate. Parents are important facilitators of young people's development of self‐management skills for successful transfer to adult services. Parents should be supported to move from a “managerial” to a “supervisory” role during transition to help young people engage independently with the healthcare team. Findings support the development of interventions for parents to emphasize their role in transition and guide the transfer of self‐management skills from parent to young person.
Role of race in kidney transplant outcomes in children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Guan Ivan , Singer Pamela , Frank Rachel , Chorny Nataliya , Infante Lulette , Sethna Christine B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt is well established that racial differences exist in kidney transplant outcomes; however, there are no studies which focus on the role of race in transplant outcomes specifically in children diagnosed with FSGS. Associations between race and transplant outcomes in FSGS children were evaluated using the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database from 2000 to 2012. Recipients aged 2–21 years who received a kidney‐only transplant were included. Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate transplant outcomes by race. Five hundred and thirty‐six recipients (59.7% male, 15.6±3.9 years) were black and 1134 (55.7% male, 14.3±5.0 years) were non‐black. Graft survival was significantly shorter in the black group (4.2±3.1 vs 4.6±3.3 years, P=.005). Black race was associated with significantly higher risk of graft failure (HR 1.34, 95% CI=1.21–1.49, P<.0001), acute rejection (OR 1.66 95% CI=1.39–1.97, P<.0001), and delayed graft function (OR 1.51, 95% CI=1.33–1.72, P<.001) compared to non‐black race. There were no significant differences in mortality, prolonged hospitalization, or FSGS recurrence between groups. Race is a significant predictor for worse transplant outcomes in children with FSGS.
Distinct Role of Sesn2 in Response to UVB‐Induced DNA Damage and UVA‐Induced Oxidative Stress in Melanocytes
Authors: Zhao Baozhong , Shah Palak , Qiang Lei , He Tong‐Chuan , Budanov Andrey , He Yu‐Ying 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) radiation, including both UVB and UVA irradiation, is the major risk factor for causing skin cancer including melanoma. Recently, we have shown that Sesn2, a member of the evolutionarily conserved stress‐inducible protein family Sestrins (Sesn), is upregulated in human melanomas as compared to melanocytes in normal human skin, suggesting an oncogenic role of Sesn2. However, the role of Sesn2 in UVB and UVA response is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that both UVB and UVA induce Sesn2 upregulation in melanocytes and melanoma cells. UVB induces Sesn2 expression through the p53 and AKT3 pathways. Sesn2 negatively regulates UVB‐induced DNA damage repair. In comparison, UVA induces Sesn2 upregulation through mitochondria but not Nrf2. Sesn2 ablation increased UVA‐induced Nrf2 induction and inhibits UVA‐induced ROS production, indicating that Sesn2 acts as an upstream regulator of Nrf2. These findings suggest previously unrecognized mechanisms in melanocyte response to UVB and UVA irradiation and potentially in melanoma formation.
Is physical education an effective way to increase physical activity in children with lower cardiorespiratory fitness?
Authors: Calahorro‐Cañada F. , Torres‐Luque G. , López‐Fernández I. , Carnero E. A. 
Published: July 2016

Several findings revealed the importance of accruing moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) to improve health. Physical education (PE) may play an important role on promoting children'sMVPA. However, it remains unknown whetherPEmight be effective when increasing physical activity (PA) levels in children with lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess children'sPAduringPEand during days with and withoutPEwith a special focus onCRFstatus. One hundred and fifty Spanish children and adolescents from 3rd to 12th grade were recruited.PAlevels were assessed withGT3X accelerometers. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was estimated using a portable breath by breath Metamax 3B. Participants were classified as healthy aerobic fitness (HAF) and unhealthy aerobic fitness (UHAF) according to standardized cut‐off point criteria. DuringPE, students withHAFaccrued moreMVPAthan those withUHAF(8.7 vs 5.7 min/session;P ≤ 0.001).MVPAwas higher onPEdays than days without for bothUHAF(50.0 vs 42.7 min/day;P ≤ 0.05) andHAFstudents (56.9 vs 49.4 min/day;P ≤ 0.05). Although less active duringPE, students with lowerCRFaccumulated moreMVPAand totalPAonPEdays than days withoutPE. An increase inPEdays might be a smart policy to raise the recommendedPAlevels, regardless ofCRFstatus.
The transcription factors MS188 and AMS form a complex to activate the expression of CYP703A2 for sporopollenin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Xiong Shuang‐Xi , Lu Jie‐Yang , Lou Yue , Teng Xiao‐Dong , Gu Jing‐Nan , Zhang Cheng , Shi Qiang‐Sheng , Yang Zhong‐Nan , Zhu Jun 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe sexine layer of pollen grain is mainly composed of sporopollenins. The sporophytic secretory tapetum is required for the biosynthesis of sporopollenin. Although several enzymes involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis have been reported, the regulatory mechanism of these enzymes in tapetal layer remains elusive. ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) and MALE STERILE 188/MYB103/MYB80 (MS188/MYB103/MYB80) are two tapetal cell‐specific transcription factors required for pollen wall formation. AMS functions upstream of MS188. Here we report that AMS and MS188 target the CYP703A2 gene, which is involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis. We found that AMS and MS188 were localized in tapetum while CYP703A2 was localized in both tapetum and locule. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed that MS188 directly bound to the promoter of CYP703A2 and luciferase‐inducible assay showed that MS188 activated the expression of CYP703A2. Yeast two‐hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) further demonstrated that MS188 complexed with AMS. The expression of CYP703A2 could be partially restored by the elevated levels of MS188 in the ams mutant. Therefore, our data reveal that MS188 coordinates with AMS to activate CYP703A2 in sporopollenin biosynthesis of plant tapetum.
The Impact of Services Trade Restrictiveness on Trade Flows
Authors: Nordås Hildegunn K. , Rouzet Dorothée 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper uses recent OECD data on services trade restrictions (STRI) to analyse the relationship between services trade policies and cross‐border trade in services. A standard gravity model is enhanced by the STRI indices in a cross‐section regression analysis. Services trade restrictions are negatively associated with both imports and exports of services. The surprisingly strong effect on services exports is probably explained by a negative relationship between the STRIs and sector performance indicators. Consequently, services suppliers from less open countries are less competitive abroad. Bilateral differences in regulation are also found to curtail services trade over and above the impact of the trade liberalisation level. At the margin, regulatory differences have a larger effect on trade flows the lower the level of the STRI.
A new Antarctic heterobranch clade is sister to all other Cephalaspidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Authors: Moles Juan , Wägele Heike , Schrödl Michael , Avila Conxita 
Published: July 2016

For a long time, Diaphanidae has been considered a basal family within Cephalaspidea, based on the presence of plesiomorphic morphological features within this taxon. Traditionally, the family contained the genera Bogasonia, Colobocephalus, Colpodaspis, Diaphana, Newnesia, Toledonia and Woodbridgea. Some phylogenetic analyses of several of these genera support the basal position of Diaphanidae within Cephalaspidea sensu stricto. However, the family is presently confirmed to be a polyphyletic taxon in which only the genus Diaphana is included. Several genera previously embraced within the family, such as the monotypic Newnesia, have never been previously analysed in molecular studies. Here, we provide an extensive morphological, anatomical and histological description of a new species of Newnesia from Antarctic deep waters (967–1227 m depth) in the Drake Passage. We also discuss the similarities to the traditional Diaphanidae genera to try to shed light into this phylogenetic conundrum. We sequenced cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and histone H3 markers of Newnesia antarctica and Newnesia joani n. sp. We analysed a comprehensive dataset of sequenced genera to evaluate the placement of both Newnesia species within the cephalaspidean families. Maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian phylograms support the monophyly of N. joani n. sp. and suggest cryptic speciation in N. antarctica specimens. Newnesia is recovered as the most basal offshoot of Cephalaspidea, suggesting the establishment of a new family restricted to Antarctic waters, named Newnesiidae n. fam., to hold both species. The possible Antarctic origin of Cephalaspidea is discussed.
Loss of Cdk5 function in the nucleus accumbens decreases wheel running and may mediate age‐related declines in voluntary physical activity
Authors: Ruegsegger Gregory N. , Toedebusch Ryan G. , Childs Thomas E. , Grigsby Kolter B. , Booth Frank W. 
Published: July 2016

Key points
Physical inactivity, which drastically increases with advancing age, is associated with numerous chronic diseases.
The nucleus accumbens (the pleasure and reward ‘hub’ in the brain) influences wheel running behaviour in rodents.
RNA‐sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics analysis led us to hypothesize a potential relationship between the regulation of dendritic spine density, the molecules involved in synaptic transmission, and age‐related reductions in wheel running. Upon completion of follow‐up studies, we developed the working model that synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens is central to age‐related changes in voluntary running.
Testing this hypothesis, inhibition of Cdk5 (comprising a molecule central to the processes described above) in the nucleus accumbens reduced wheel running.
The results of the present study show that reductions in synaptic transmission and Cdk5 function are related to decreases in voluntary running behaviour and provide guidance for understanding the neural mechanisms that underlie age‐dependent reductions in the motivation to be physically active.
AbstractIncreases in age are often associated with reduced levels of physical activity, which, in turn, associates with the development of numerous chronic diseases. We aimed to assess molecular differences in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) (a specific brain nucleus postulated to influence rewarding behaviour) with respect to wheel running and sedentary female Wistar rats at 8 and 14 weeks of age. RNA‐sequencing was used to interrogate transcriptomic changes between 8‐ and 14‐week‐old wheel running rats, and select transcripts were later analysed by quantitative RT‐PCR in age‐matched sedentary rats. Voluntary wheel running was greatest at 8 weeks and had significantly decreased by 12 weeks. From 619 differentially expressed mRNAs, bioinformatics suggested that cAMP‐mediated signalling, dopamine‐ and cAMP‐regulated neuronal phosphoprotein of 32 kDa feedback, and synaptic plasticity were greater in 8‐ vs. 14‐week‐old rats. In depth analysis of these networks showed significant (∼20–30%; P < 0.05) decreases in cell adhesion molecule (Cadm)4 and p39 mRNAs, as well as their proteins from 8 to 14 weeks of age in running and sedentary rats. Furthermore, Cadm4, cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and p39 mRNAs were significantly correlated with voluntary running distance. Analysis of dendritic spine density in the NAc showed that wheel access increased spine density (P < 0.001), whereas spine density was lower in 14‐ vs. 8‐week‐old sedentary rats (P = 0.03). Intriguingly, intra‐NAc injection of the Cdk5 inhibitor roscovitine, dose‐dependently decreased wheel running. Collectively, these experiments suggest that an age‐dependent loss in synaptic function and Cdk5/p39 activity in the NAc may be partially responsible for age‐related declines in voluntary running behaviour.
Optimizing Immunization Strategies for the Induction of Antigen-Specific CD4 and CD8 T Cell Responses for Protection against Intracellular Parasites
Authors: Hofmeyer Kimberly A. , Duthie Malcolm S. , Laurance John D. , Favila Michelle A. , Van Hoeven Neal , Coler Rhea N. , Reed Steven G. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTImmunization strategies that generate either CD4 or CD8 T cell responses are relatively well described, but less is known with regard to optimizing regimens to induce both CD4 and CD8 memory T cells. Considering the importance of both CD4 and CD8 T cells in the control of intracellular pathogens such asLeishmania donovani, we wanted to identify vaccines that could raise both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses and determine how to configure immunization strategies to generate the best combined protective T cell response. We examined responses generated against theLeishmaniavaccine antigen F3 following its administration in either recombinant form with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist-containing adjuvant formulation GLA-SE (F3+GLA-SE) or as a gene product delivered in an adenoviral vector (Ad5-F3). Homologous immunization strategies using only F3+GLA-SE or Ad5-F3 preferentially generated either CD4 or CD8 T cells, respectively. In contrast, heterologous strategies generated both antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. Administration of F3+GLA-SE before Ad5-F3 generated the greatest combined CD4 and CD8 responses. Cytotoxic CD8 T cell responses were highest when Th1 cells were generated prior to their induction by Ad5-F3. Finally, a single immunization with a combination of F3+GLA-SE mixed with Ad5-F3 was found to be sufficient to provide protection against experimentalL. donovaniinfection. Taken together, our data delineate immunization regimens that induce antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell memory responses, and identify a single immunization strategy that could be used to rapidly provide protection against intracellular pathogens in regions where access to health care is limited or sporadic.
The Microbial Signature Provides Insight into the Mechanistic Basis of Coral Success across Reef Habitats
Authors: Hernandez-Agreda Alejandra , Leggat William , Bongaerts Pim , Ainsworth Tracy D. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

For ecosystems vulnerable to environmental change, understanding the spatiotemporal stability of functionally crucial symbioses is fundamental to determining the mechanisms by which these ecosystems may persist. The coral
Pachyseris speciosa
is a successful environmental generalist that succeeds in diverse reef habitats. The generalist nature of this coral suggests it may have the capacity to form functionally significant microbial partnerships to facilitate access to a range of nutritional sources within different habitats. Here, we propose that coral is a metaorganism hosting three functionally distinct microbial interactions: a ubiquitous core microbiome of very few symbiotic host-selected bacteria, a microbiome of spatially and/or regionally explicit core microbes filling functional niches (<100 phylotypes), and a highly variable bacterial community that is responsive to biotic and abiotic processes across spatial and temporal scales (>100,000 phylotypes). We find that this coral hosts upwards of 170,000 distinct phylotypes and provide evidence for the persistence of a select group of bacteria in corals across environmental habitats of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. We further show that a higher number of bacteria are consistently associated with corals on mesophotic reefs than on shallow reefs. An increase in microbial diversity with depth suggests reliance by this coral on bacteria for nutrient acquisition on reefs exposed to nutrient upwelling. Understanding the complex microbial communities of host organisms across broad biotic and abiotic environments as functionally distinct microbiomes can provide insight into those interactions that are ubiquitous niche symbioses and those that provide competitive advantage within the hosts’ environment.

IMPORTANCE
Corals have been proposed as the most diverse microbial biosphere. The high variability of microbial communities has hampered the identification of bacteria playing key functional roles that contribute to coral survival. Exploring the bacterial community in a coral with a broad environmental distribution, we found a group of bacteria present across all environments and a higher number of bacteria consistently associated with mesophotic corals (60 to 80 m). These results provide evidence of consistent and ubiquitous coral-bacterial partnerships and support the consideration of corals as metaorganisms hosting three functionally distinct microbiomes: a ubiquitous core microbiome, a microbiome filling functional niches, and a highly variable bacterial community.
Randomised clinical study comparing the effectiveness and physiological effects of hypertonic and isotonic polyethylene glycol solutions for bowel cleansing
Authors: Yamano Hiro-o , Matsushita Hiro-o , Yoshikawa Kenjiro , Takagi Ryo , Harada Eiji , Tanaka Yoshihito , Nakaoka Michiko , Himori Ryogo , Yoshida Yuko , Satou Kentarou , Imai Yasushi 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesBowel cleansing is necessary before colonoscopy, but is a burden to patients because of the long cleansing time and large dose volume. A low-volume (2 L) hypertonic polyethylene glycol-ascorbic acid solution (PEG-Asc) has been introduced, but its possible dehydration effects have not been quantitatively studied. We compared the efficacy and safety including the dehydration risk between hypertonic PEG-Asc and isotonic PEG regimens.DesignThis was an observer-blinded randomised study. Participants (n=310) were allocated to receive 1 of 3 regimens on the day of colonoscopy: PEG-Asc (1.5 L) and water (0.75 L) dosed with 1 split (PEG-Asc-S) or 4 splits (PEG-Asc-M), or PEG-electrolyte solution (PEG-ES; 2.25 L) dosed with no split. Dehydration was analysed by measuring haematocrit (Ht).ResultsThe cleansing time using the hypertonic PEG-Asc-S (3.33±0.48 hours) was significantly longer than that with isotonic PEG-ES (3.05±0.56 hours; p<0.001). PEG-Asc-M (3.00±0.53 hours) did not have this same disadvantage. Successful cleansing was achieved in more than 94% of participants using each of the 3 regimens. The percentage changes in Ht from baseline (before dosing) to the end of dosing with PEG-Asc-S (3.53±3.32%) and PEG-Asc-M (4.11±3.07%) were significantly greater than that with PEG-ES (1.31±3.01%).ConclusionsThese 3 lower volume regimens were efficacious and had no serious adverse effects. Even patients cleansed with isotonic PEG-ES showed significant physiological dehydration at the end of dosing. The four-split PEG-Asc-M regimen is recommended because of its shorter cleansing time without causing serious nausea.Trial registration numberUMIN000013103; Results.