bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Croconic Acid Integrated Zwitterionic Conjugated Porous Polymer for Effective Iodine Adsorption
Authors: Ravikumar Maruti Vibhuti , Nipate Atul B. , Deyona M. Jose , Rao M. Rajewara , Lakshmi Vellanki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiven the rapid growth of the nuclear sector, effective treatment of radioactive iodine is critical. Herein, we report the synthesis and the iodine adsorption properties of croconic acid (CTPB) and squaric acid (STPB) containing π‐conjugated novel zwitterionic conjugated porous polymers (CPPs). The CPPs have been synthesized through a condensation reaction of tris(4‐aminophenyl)benzene with croconic acid or squaric acid in high yields (~95 %). The ionic nature of the polymers promoted high iodine/polyiodide vapour adsorption capacity of up to 4.6 g/g for CTPB and 3.5 g/g for STPB under ambient pressure at 80 °C. The zwitterionic framework (croconic acid or squaric acid units) coupled with the aromatic units is expected to effectively capture molecular iodine (I2) and polyiodides (I3− and I5−). The iodine adsorption properties of the polymers have been studied using Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brauner‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) analysis, and Raman Spectroscopy. Besides this work, there are only three ionic units for effective iodine adsorption. This work demonstrates the importance of zwitterionic units in the porous network reported for iodine adsorption and separation.
Child protection and developmental trajectories of children who entered care as infants
Authors: Lima Fernando , Taplin Stephanie , Maclean Miriam , Octoman Olivia , Grose Mariko , O'Donnell Melissa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInfants have the highest rate of admission into out‐of‐home care in Australia, with rising rates of entry to care occurring around the world. Our previous research identified children who entered care as infants as having high levels of developmental vulnerability. The objective of this study was to determine the child protection and developmental trajectories of children who entered care as infants and whether meeting developmental needs through service provision improves trajectories and outcomes for these children. This is a prospective cohort study using three waves (2011–2016) of survey data from the New South Wales Pathways of Care Longitudinal Study which includes standardised assessments (Age and Stages Questionnaire, Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment and the Child Behaviour Checklist), as well as linked administrative child protection and health data. Our findings suggest that children who entered care as infants predominantly remained in the care system and had a high level of developmental vulnerability as infants. A large group had positive physical and cognitive developmental trajectories with service provision increasing over time; however, early service provision is needed. Another group was identified as having early social–emotional concerns and displaying worsening social–emotional trajectories. Intervention for this group is an important priority to reduce risk of ongoing poor mental health outcomes.
Application of Compounds with Anti‐Cardiac Fibrosis Activity: A Review
Authors: Meng Yu‐Qing , Cui Xun , Li Siqi , Jin Cheng‐Hua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCoronary heart disease, hypertension, myocarditis, and valvular disease cause myocardial fibrosis, leading to heart enlargement, heart failure, heart rate failure, arrhythmia, and premature ventricular beat, even defibrillation can increase the risk of sudden death. Although cardiac fibrosis is common and widespread, there are still no effective drugs to provide adequate clinical intervention for cardiac fibrosis. In this review article, we classify the compounds for treating cardiac fibrosis into natural products, synthetic compounds, and patent drugs according to their sources. Additionally, the structures, activities and signaling pathways of these compounds are discussed. This review provides insight and could provide a reference for the design of new anti‐cardiac fibrosis compounds and the new use of older drugs.
Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles via Reactive Oxygen Species–Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Al‐Asiri Wajd Y. , Al‐Sheddi Ebtesam S. , Farshori Nida N. , Al‐Oqail Mai M. , Al‐Massarani Shaza M. , Malik Tabarak , Ahmad Javed , Al‐Khedhairy Abdulaziz A. , Siddiqui Maqsood A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDue to their exceptional physicochemical features, green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been of considerable interest in cancer treatment. In the present study, for the first time, we aimed to green synthesize AgNPs from Euphorbia retusa and explore their anticancer potential on human breast cancer (MCF‐7) cells. First, the green synthesized AgNPs (EU‐AgNPs) were well characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) spectrum, XRD, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and EDX techniques. The characterization data exhibited that EU‐AgNPs were spherical in shape and crystalline in nature with an average size of 17.8 nm. FTIR results established the presence of active metabolites in EU‐AgNPs. Second, the anticancer effect of EU‐AgNPs was evaluated against MCF‐7 cells by MTT and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays. Moreover, morphological changes, ROS production, MMP, and apoptotic marker genes were also studied upon exposure to cytotoxic doses of EU‐AgNPs. Our results showed that EU‐AgNPs induce cytotoxicity in a concentration‐dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 40 μg/mL. Morphological changes in MCF‐7 cells exposed to EU‐AgNPs also confirm their cytotoxic effects. Increased ROS and decreased MMP levels revealed that EU‐AgNPs induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction. Moreover, ROS–mediated apoptosis was confirmed by elevated levels of proapoptotic marker genes (p53, Bax, caspase‐3, and caspase‐9) and reduced levels of an antiapoptotic gene (Bcl‐2). Altogether, these findings suggested that EU‐AgNPs could induce potential anticancer effects through ROS–mediated apoptosis in MCF‐7 cells.
Safety, efficacy, and optical coherence tomography insights into intravascular lithotripsy for the modification of non‐eruptive calcified nodules: A prospective observational study
Authors: Gupta Ankush , Shrivastava Abhinav , Chhikara Sanya , Revaiah Pruthvi C. , Mamas Mamas A. , Vijayvergiya Rajesh , Seth Ashok , Singh Balwinder , Bajaj Nitin , Singh Navreet , Dugal Jaskarn Singh , Mahesh Nalin K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundNon‐eruptive calcium nodules (CNs) are commonly seen in heavily calcified coronary artery disease. They are the most difficult subset for modification, and may result in stent damage, malapposition and under‐expansion. There are only limited options available for non‐eruptive CN modification. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is being explored as a potentially safe and effective modality in these lesions.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of the use of IVL for the modification of non‐eruptive CNs. The study also explored the OCT features of calcium nodule modification by IVL.MethodsThis is a single‐center, prospective, observational study in which patients with angiographic heavy calcification and non‐eruptive CN on OCT and undergoing PCI were enrolled. The primary safety endpoint was freedom from perforation, no‐reflow/slow flow, flow‐limiting dissection after IVL therapy, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during hospitalization and at 30 days. MACE was defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemia‐driven target lesion revascularization (TLR). The primary efficacy endpoint was procedural success, defined as residual diameter stenosis of <30% on angiography and stent expansion of more than 80% as assessed by OCT.ResultsA total of 21 patients with 54 non‐eruptive CNs undergoing PCI were prospectively enrolled in the study. Before IVL, OCT revealed a mean calcium score of 3.7 ± 0.5 and a mean MLA at CN of 3.9 ± 2.1 mm2. Following IVL, OCT revealed calcium fractures in 40 out of 54 (74.1%) CNs with an average of 1.05 ± 0.72 fractures per CN. Fractures were predominantly observed at the base of the CN (80%). Post IVL, the mean MLA at CN increased to 4.9 ± 2.3 mm2. After PCI, the mean MSA at the CN was 7.9 ± 2.5 mm2. Optimal stent expansion (stent expansion >80%) at the CN was achieved in 85.71% of patients. All patients remained free from MACE during hospitalization and at the 30‐day follow‐up. At 1‐year follow‐up, all‐cause death had occurred in 3 (14.3%) patients.ConclusionsThis single‐arm study demonstrated the safety, efficacy, and utility of the IVL in a subset of patients with non‐eruptive calcified nodules. In this study, minimal procedural complications, excellent lesion modifications, and favorable 30‐day and 1‐year outcomes were observed.
The role of contextual predictors and psychosocial resources in the school‐to‐work transition
Authors: Ayvaz Ahmet , Karacan‐Özdemir Nurten 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBased on the Psychology of Working Theory, this study examined the influence of contextual factors and psychosocial resources on school‐to‐work transition. Data were collected from 781 senior university students in Türkiye, and the relationships between economic constraints, marginalization, general self‐efficacy, career adaptability, perceived future employability, and future decent work were examined. According to the results, economic constraints and marginalization negatively predicted perceived future employability and future decent work. Marginalization significantly predicted general self‐efficacy and career adaptability, whereas economic constraints were not associated with two psychosocial resources. General self‐efficacy significantly predicted career adaptability, while it was not related to perceived future employability and future decent work. Career adaptability significantly predicted perceived future employability but not future decent work. Lastly, perceived future employability significantly predicted future decent work. The findings revealed the significant influence of contextual factors on the school‐to‐work transition. Implications and suggestions for future research directions were also discussed.
Enhanced Performance for Li & Na Ion Battery Anodes by Charge Modulation of Interface Through SiC4 and SiN1C3 Active Centers on Silicon Nitrogen Co‐Doped Graphene
Authors: Sungur Berkay , Bayram Edip , Kömür Ali İhsan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHeteroatom doping of graphene is a powerful approach to develop high‐performance Li and Na ion battery anodes. In this study, silicon‐nitrogen co‐doped graphene (Si−N−GN) nanostructures were successfully synthesized via a rational and scalable solvothermal process. The performances of Si−N−GN in Na+ and Li+ half‐cells were investigated in detail by advanced electrochemical techniques and the obtained results were analyzed in terms of Si−N−GN surface properties, reaction kinetics, and electrode/interface interactions. Si−N−GN exhibited a superior capacity of 540 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 for Li+ and improved rate capability for both Li+ and Na+ which are linked with the increased interlayer spacing and enlarged graphene sheets upon Si‐doping. Importantly, the capacity increased with the number of cycles owing to surface electron density redistribution and Si−N−GN/SEI interactions, supported by DFT.
Electrochemically Created Active Centers in a Bimetallic CoNi‐Triazole Metal–Organic Framework for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity
Authors: Phongsuk Natchaya , Adpakpang Kanyaporn , Pukdeejorhor Ladawan , Atithep Thassanant , Bureekaew Sareeya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrochemical water oxidation utilizing bimetallic CoNi‐Tz (Tz=1,2,4‐triazole) framework is explored. Initially, CoNi‐Tz possesses active tetrahedral Co center and electron‐mediated octahedral Ni chain. After performing an electrochemical activation, the partial structural transformation on the Ni center occurs. This leads to the generation of excessive active centers which can promote catalytic activity of the framework. The activated CoNi‐Tz catalyst displays a remarkably low OER overpotential of 293 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 49.98 mV dec−1, outperforming the single metal Co‐Tz and benchmark IrO2 catalysts.
Recent advances in MXene nanomaterials: Fundamentals to applications in environment sector
Authors: Nazir Muhammad Altaf , Najam Tayyaba , Ullah Sami , Hossain Ismail , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Naseer Mamoona , Rehman Aziz ur , Shah Syed Shoaib Ahmad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMXenes are a new type of 2D transition metal carbon/nitride or carbonitride, which are composed of Mn+1AXn phase material (MAX phase) through single‐layer or thin‐layer nanosheets obtained by exfoliation. Owning to unique two‐dimensional layered structure, large specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical stability, the MXenes have quickly become a research hotspot due to their magnetic and other properties, and have been widely used in many fields such as electrochemical sensors, energy storage, catalysis, and adsorption. This article summarizes and introduces preparation methods of two‐dimensional materials MXenes, and focus on reviewing their application research progress in the electrochemical sensors and environmental field in recent years, including detection of biomarkers and environmental pollutants, adsorption of heavy metals, adsorption of radiation metals, adsorption of organic matter, selective adsorption of carbon dioxide, membrane separation, sensors, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, electromagnetic absorption and shielding, etc. A summary and review were conducted, and finally the existing problems and future development at this stage were analyzed.
Non‐Linearity in Mean Annual Peak Flow Scaling With Upstream Basin Area: Insights From Percolation Theory
Authors: Ghanbarian Behzad 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how annual peak flow, , relates to upstream basin area, , and their scaling have been one of the challenges in surface hydrology. Although a power‐law scaling relationship (i.e., ) has been widely applied in the literature, it is purely empirical, and due to its empiricism, the interpretation of its exponent, , and its variations from one basin to another is not clear. In the literature, different values of have been reported for various datasets and drainage basins of different areas. Invoking concepts of percolation theory as well as self‐affinity, we derived universal and non‐universal scaling laws to theoretically link to . In the universal scaling, we related the exponent to the fractal dimensionality of percolation, (i.e., ). In the non‐universal scaling, in addition to , the exponent was related to the Hurst exponent, , characterizing the boundaries of the drainage basin (i.e., ). The depends on the dimensionality of the drainage system (e.g., two or three dimensions) and percolation class (e.g., random or invasion percolation). We demonstrated that the theoretical universal and non‐universal bounds were in well agreement with experimental ranges of reported in the literature. More importantly, our theoretical framework revealed that greater values are theoretically expected when basins are more quasi two‐dimensional, while smaller values when basins are mainly quasi three‐dimensional. This is well consistent with the experimental data. We attributed it to the fact that small basins most probably display quasi‐two‐dimensional topography, while large basins quasi‐three‐dimensional topography.
Finerenone and left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Filippatos Gerasimos , Anker Stefan D. , Bakris George L. , Rossing Peter , Ruilope Luis M. , Coats Andrew J.S. , von Haehling Stephan , Ponikowski Piotr , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Brinker Meike , Farjat Alfredo E. , Roberts Luke , Pitt Bertram ,   the FIDELIO‐DKD and FIGARO‐DKD investigators
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease and linked to increased morbidity and mortality. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension is common, and patients with these co‐morbidities additionally have a high prevalence of LVH. This analysis of the prespecified pooled FIDELITY analysis comprising the randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicentre FIDELIO‐DKD and FIGARO‐DKD phase III studies aimed to explore the CV and kidney effects of finerenone, a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, in patients with CKD and T2D stratified by a diagnosis of LVH at baseline.Methods and resultsA diagnosis of LVH in the FIDELITY patient population was determined at baseline using investigator‐reported electrocardiogram (ECG) findings. The two efficacy outcomes, assessed by baseline LVH, were the composite CV outcome of time to CV death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), and a composite kidney outcome of time to onset of kidney failure, a sustained decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥57% from baseline over ≥4 weeks, or kidney‐related death. Safety outcomes by baseline LVH were reported as treatment‐emergent adverse events. At baseline out of 13 026 patients in FIDELITY, 96.5% had hypertension and 9.6% had investigator‐reported LVH. The relative risk reduction for the composite CV and kidney outcomes with finerenone versus placebo was lower in the LVH subgroup; however, the treatment effect of finerenone was not modified by baseline LVH for either outcome (Pinteraction = 0.1075 for composite CV outcome and Pinteraction = 0.1782 for composite kidney outcome). Analysis of the composite CV outcome components showed a greater reduction in the risk of HHF versus placebo for patients with baseline LVH compared with those without (Pinteraction = 0.0024). Overall safety events were comparable between the LVH subgroups and treatment arms. Treatment‐emergent hyperkalaemia was observed more frequently with finerenone versus placebo, but discontinuation rates were low in both treatment arms and between LVH subgroups.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the overall CV and kidney benefits of finerenone versus placebo were not modified by the presence of LVH at baseline, with overall safety findings being similar between LVH subgroups. A greater benefit was observed for HHF in patients with versus without LVH, suggesting that LVH may be a predictor of the treatment effect of finerenone on HHF.
Improving Wastewater Heat Recovery Using Phase Change Material Heat Exchangers: A Numerical Study of Thermal Performance
Authors: Patel Sunny P. , Rathod Manish K. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIndustrial processes often generate substantial amounts of wastewater with significant thermal energy content, which is typically discarded as waste. A promising approach to increase energy efficiency and advance sustainable resource management is waste water heat recovery. Utilizing a phase change material (PCM) to extract waste heat from wastewater and transfer it to cold water is an innovative method that separates the demand and supply of heat, while also integrating storage and transmission within a single heat exchanger (HE). A 3D numerical model of PCM‐based HE is developed and simulated. The thermal behavior of PCM and preheating of cold water are investigated in this study. In order to increase the thermal conductivity of the PCM, fins are strategically positioned. Around 71.13% of melting time is reduced by adding fins. Further, the 10° orientation of the fins is also numerically observed and it is found that it helps to improve natural circulation of molten PCM. Thus, melting time is reduced by 34% compared to the vertical fin. A 3.5°C–4.5°C temperature rise in cold water is obtained with the inclined fin, which is 14.28% higher than the vertical fin model.
Ortho‐ and Para‐Nitrile Substituted Effect of (1H‐Indol‐2‐Yl)Benzonitrile‐Boehmite on the Nano Structures, Surface Area and Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Salih Ban D. , Mohammed Ammar S. , Najm Reem S. , Mahmood Ahmed R. , Alheety Mustafa A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, x(1H‐indol‐2‐yl)benzonitrile; where x = ortho or para were used to synthesize boehmite composites using one‐pot electrochemical method in the presence of NaCl as an electrolyte. The prepared composites were characterized using UV–vis, XRD, SEM, and BET. The measurements showed that the type of substituents (ortho, para) had an effect on the resulting nanostructure of the composites, which appeared in the form of nanosheets and nanoballs. The composites were used as materials to store hydrogen at different temperatures (77, 173, 223, and 273 K) under different pressures (10–90 bar) in order to determine the equilibrium pressure for each nanocomposite. The study demonstrated that the composite boehmite‐ortho‐(1H‐indol‐2‐yl)benzonitrile nano balls has a storage capacity of 3.82 wt% at an equilibrium pressure of 75 bar, while the composite boehmite‐para‐(1H‐indol‐2‐yl)benzonitrile nanosheets have the highest storage capacity of 4.49 wt% and an equilibrium pressure of 45 bar.
Enhancing Thermal Performance and Cooling Solutions of Phase Change Material in Battery Thermal Management System: A Computational Analysis
Authors: Singh Gourav Kumar , Patel Jay R. , Rathod Manish K. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBatteries, particularly lithium‐ion batteries, are sensitive to temperature changes. Battery thermal management systems (BTMS) are essential in various battery‐powered applications, especially electric vehicles (EVs) and portable electronic devices. This study examines the importance of phase change material (PCM) in battery packs using numerical analysis. An examination is conducted on a battery pack consisting of 18 650 battery cells arranged in a 5 × 5 configuration. A comparative analysis is performed to evaluate the thermal efficiency of the battery pack with and without PCM. The study examines the influence of ambient conditions and charging rates on the selection of PCM for battery packs. A hybrid cooling solution utilizing PCM and a water tube has also been investigated against conventional passive PCM‐based BTMS. Additionally, two types of fins, namely circular and spiral fins, are introduced to improve the heat transfer rate. PCM‐based cooling systems are most effective when the ambient temperature is below the melting temperature of the PCM. However, when the ambient temperature exceeds the melting temperature of the PCM, this cooling system outperforms conventional PCM‐based cooling. The maximum temperature is found as 319, 316.9, and 315.3 K using without fin, circular fin and spriral fina, respectively. The spiral fins are found more effective than circular fins under high ambient temperature. In conclusion, The PCM‐with spiral‐fin system demonstrates notable benefits in high‐temperature environments.