bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of polystyrene microplastics on the adsorption of cadmium and ciprofloxacin by tea leaf litter‐derived magnetic biochar: Influencing factors and mechanisms
Authors: Gong Xiaoming , Chen Ranran , Shi Guanwei , Sun Haibo , Yang Yang , Liang Yunshan , Qin Pufeng , Yang Huilin , Wu Zhibin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWater pollution involves the coexistence of microplastics (MPs) and traditional pollutants, and how can MPs influence the adsorption of other pollutants by biochar during the treatment process remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs) on the adsorption of cadmium (Cd) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) by magnetic biochar (MTBC) in the single and binary systems. MTBC was prepared using tea leaf litter; the effects of time, pH, and salt ions on the adsorption behaviors were investigated; and X‐ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS) and density flooding theory analysis were conducted to elucidate the influence mechanisms. Results indicated that PS MPs reduced the pollutants adsorption by MTBC due to the heterogeneous aggregation between PS MPs and MTBC and the surface charge change of MTBC induced by PS MPs. The effects of PS MPs on heavy metals and antibiotics adsorption were distinctly different. PS MPs reduced Cd adsorption on MTBC, which were significantly influenced by the solution pH and salt ions contents, suggesting the participation of electrostatic interaction and ion exchange in the adsorption, whereas the effects of PS MPs on CIP adsorption were inconspicuous. In the hybrid system, PS MPs reduced pollutants adsorption by MTBC with 66.3% decrease for Cd and 12.8% decrease for CIP, and the more remarkable reduction for Cd was due to the predominated physical adsorption, and CIP adsorption was mainly a stable chemisorption. The influence of PS MPs could be resulted from the interaction between PS MPs and MTBC with changing the functional groups and electrostatic potential of MTBC. This study demonstrated that when using biochar to decontaminate wastewater, it is imperative to consider the antagonistic action of MPs, especially for heavy metal removal.Practitioner Points
Magnetic biochar (MTBC) was prepared successfully using tea leaf litter.
MTBC could be used for cadmium (Cd) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal.
Polystyrene microplastics (Ps MPs) reduced Cd/CIP adsorption by MTBC.
Ps MPs effects on Cd adsorption were more obvious than that of CIP.
Ps MPs changed the functional groups and electrostatic potential of MTBC, thus influencing MTBC adsorption.
A note on entanglement entropy and topological defects in symmetric orbifold CFTs
Authors: Gutperle Michael , Li Yan-Yan , Rathore Dikshant , Roumpedakis Konstantinos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this brief note we calculate the entanglement entropy in M⊗N/SN symmetric orbifold CFTs in the presence of topological defects, which were recently constructed in [1, 2]. We consider both universal defects which realize Rep(SN) non-invertible symmetry and non-universal defects. We calculate the sub-leading defect entropy/g-factor for defects at the boundary of the entangling surface as well as inside it.
International publication activity in orthopaedic surgery over a ten-year interval
Authors: Michels C. , Frosch K.-H. , Beil F. T. , Debus E. S. , Grundmann R. T. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
International English language publication activities in orthopaedic surgery comparing the years 2008/09 to 2018/19 were analyzed.

Methods
20 international journals listed on PubMed were examined. The impact factor (IF) for each journal was determined using the InCites Journal Citation Report.

Results
9,205 publications in 2008/09 and 15,549 in 2018/19 with 21,435 cumulative IF (CIF) in 2008/09 and 50,552 in 2018/19 were registered. Most publications consisted of narrative reviews (42.0%), followed by clinical studies (22.0%), experimental investigations (16.9%), randomized controlled trials (6.0%), and meta-analyses (5.6%). The highest increase in publications was observed for narrative reviews from 33.5% in 2008/09 to 41.1% in 2018/19. The USA had the highest number of publications (2,981 and 4,796), followed by UK (806 and 879) and Germany (606 and 922) in 2008/09 and 2018/19, resp. Per 1 Mio inhabitants, Switzerland (13.6 and 28.4), Sweden (10.9 and 18.1), the Netherlands (9.6 and 15.4), and Denmark (9.0 and 21.8) were the most productive countries in 2008/09 and 2018/19, resp.

Conclusions
International publishing activity in orthopaedic surgery has increased substantially over the last 10 years. The quality of the published articles has not increased in the same way, as evidenced by the disproportionate rise in narrative reviews. Over the entire period, the US were the leader with respect to number of publications and CIF. In terms of population, however, smaller countries such as Switzerland and Sweden were much more active.
Clopidogrel protects against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity through targeting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and coagulation pathways
Authors: Akila Asmaa A. , Gad Rania A. , Ewees Mohamed Gamal El-Din , Abdul-Hamid Manal , Abdel-Reheim Eman S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGentamicin (Genta)-induced nephrotoxicity poses a significant clinical challenge due to its detrimental effects on kidney function. Clopidogrel (Clop), an antiplatelet drug known for its ability to prevent blood clots by inhibiting platelet aggregation, also has potential effects on oxidative stress and cell death. This study investigates Clop’s protective role against Genta-induced nephrotoxicity, emphasizing the importance of the coagulation cascade. The 32 adult male albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups of eight (n = 8). The first group received only the vehicle. Genta was injected intraperitoneally at 100 mg/kg/day for 8 days in the second group. Groups 3 and 4 received oral Clop at 10 and 20 mg/kg/day for 1 week before Genta delivery and throughout the experiment. Renal tissue showed renal function tests, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic markers, coagulation profile, and fibrin expression. Clop improved Genta-induced kidney function and histopathology. Clop substantially reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress indicators, pro-apoptotic proteins, and fibrin protein. Clop also significantly boosted renal tissue anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic protein expression. Genta-induced nephrotoxicity involves oxidative stress, apoptosis, and coagulation system activation, according to studies. This study underscores that Genta-induced nephrotoxicity is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and activation of the coagulation system. Clop’s protective effects on nephrons are attributed to its anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, presenting it as a promising therapeutic strategy against Genta-induced kidney damage.
High proportion of PD-1 and CD39 positive CD8+ tissue resident T lymphocytes correlates with better clinical outcome in resected human oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hill Samuel L. , Sugiyarto Gessa , Harrington Jack , James Edward , Underwood Timothy J. , Elliott Tim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
To understand the CD8+ tumour infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) compartment of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) with regards to markers of lymphocyte exhaustion, tissue residency and to identify possible reasons behind differential responses to therapy.

Design
Tumour samples from 44 patients undergoing curative resection for OAC were assessed by flow cytometry for presence of antigen-experienced TILs and markers of activation and exhaustion. Populations of PD-1 and CD39 positive OAC TILs were sorted, and bulk RNA sequencing undertaken using a modified SmartSeq2 protocol. Flow cytometric assessment of functionality was completed.

Results
A higher proportion of antigen experienced CD8+ OAC TILs was associated with improved survival following surgery; while, high double positivity (DP) for PD-1 and CD39 among these TILs also correlated significantly with outcome. These DP TILs possess a minority population which is positive for the markers of exhaustion TIM3 and LAG3. Transcriptomic assessment of the PD-1 and CD39 DP TILs demonstrated enrichment for a tissue resident memory T lymphocyte (TRM) phenotype associated with improved survival in other cancers, reinforced by positivity for the canonical TRM marker CD103 by flow cytometry. This population demonstrated maintained functional capacity both in their transcriptomic profile, and on flow cytometric assessment, as well as preserved proliferative capacity.

Conclusion
Resected OAC are variably infiltrated by PD-1 and CD39 DP TILs, an abundance of which among lymphocytes is associated with improved survival. This DP population has an increased, but still modest, frequency of TIM3 and LAG3 positivity compared to DN, and is in keeping with a functionally competent TRM phenotype.
Global survey on point-of-care ultrasound (pocus) use in child surgery
Authors: Naidoo Gerlin , Salim Mohammed , Jackson Andrew , Handa Ashok , Lakhoo Kokila , Lindert Judith 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To undertake a global assessment of existing ultrasound practices, barriers to access, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) training pathways, and the perceived clinical utility of POCUS in Child Surgery.

Methods
An electronic survey was disseminated via the GICS (Global Initiative of Children’s Surgery) network. 247 anonymized responses from 48 countries were collated. 71.3% (176/247) worked in child surgery.

Results
Ultrasound was critical to practice with 84% (147/176) of requesting one daily or multiple times per week. Only 10% (17/176) could access emergency ultrasound < 1 h from request. The main barrier was a lack of trained personnel. HIC surgeons were more likely to have ultrasound training (24/29; 82.8%) compared with LMICs (74/147; 50.3%) (p = .001319; CI 95%). Self-perceived POCUS competence was associated with regularity of POCUS use (p < 0.001; CI 95%). Those who already practice POCUS most commonly use it for trauma, intussusception, and ultrasound-guided procedures. Majority (90%; 159/176) of child surgeons would attend formal POCUS training if available.

Conclusions
Ultrasound is critically important in children’s surgery globally, however, many surgeons experience barriers to timely access. There is a strong interest in learning POCUS for relevant pediatric surgical applications. Further research is needed to evaluate the best methods of training, accreditation, and governance.
Association of family history with patient characteristics and prognosis in a large European gastroesophageal cancer cohort
Authors: Puhr Hannah C. , Berchtold Luzia , Zingerle Linda , Felfernig Melanie , Weissenbacher Lisa , Jomrich Gerd , Asari Reza , Schoppmann Sebastian F. , Prager Gerald W. , Bergen Elisabeth S. , Berghoff Anna S. , Preusser Matthias , Ilhan-Mutlu Aysegül 
Published: September 2024

Summary
Introduction
The role of the family history in the development and prognosis of gastroesophageal cancer is a controversially discussed topic as appropriate data from western cohorts are lacking. This study aims to explore its associations with disease and outcome parameters in a large European cohort.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed self-reported family history in patients with gastroesophageal cancer treated between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2021 at the Medical University of Vienna. Association analyses with patient characteristics, tumor characteristics, symptoms and overall survival (OS) were performed.

Results
In our cohort of 1762 gastroesophageal cancer patients, 592 (34%) reported a positive family history of cancer (159, 9%, gastroesophageal cancer). No associations were found with histopathological parameters or initial symptoms; however, a positive family history correlated with female gender (cancer in general: p = 0.011; gastroesophageal cancer: p = 0.015). Family history of cancer in general was associated with earlier cancer stages (p = 0.04), higher BMI (p = 0.005), and alcohol consumption (p = 0.010), while a positive history for gastroesophageal cancer was associated with higher age at diagnosis (p = 0.002) and stomach cancer (p = 0.002). There was no statistically significant association of positive family history with OS (p = 0.1, p = 0.45), also not in subgroups for histology (adeno and squamous cell), number of family members and degree of relative.

Conclusion
Our results emphasize that a positive family history is neither statistically significantly associated with prognosis nor with specific histopathological features in patients with gastroesophageal cancer. Yet, associations with distinct patient characteristics and positive family history indicate that specific subgroups might profit from endoscopic surveillance. Prospective studies are warranted to investigate these findings further.
UV-C Irradiation Can Reduce Growth of Phoma lingam in Vitro and in Planta on Oilseed Rape Brassica napus
Authors: Hahlbohm Aileen , Struck Christine , Dobers Eike Stefan , Strehlow Becke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The short-wave and highly energetic ultraviolet‑C (UV-C) radiation has a disinfectant effect on various microorganisms. It is also known that UV‑C radiation can have an effect on stimulating plant defense. In this study, we used the phytopathogen Phoma lingam as a model organism to examine UV‑C at a wavelength of 254 nm application as an alternative to control this pathogen in Brassica napus. The aim of the study was to determine direct effects on the pathogen and indirect effects of stimulating the plant defense. Mycelia of P. lingam were grown in vitro and treated with different doses of UV‑C (0.015–1.57 kJ/m2). Mycelia diameters were then measured 1, 2, and 7 days after UV‑C treatment. In the in planta tests, cotyledons were injured by a needle and inoculated with 10
6
spore suspension of P. lingam. To determine the direct effects the oilseed rape seedlings were treated with different UV‑C doses (0.2–1.5 kJ/m2) 1, 3, or 7 days after inoculation with P. lingam. To investigate the indirect effects the UV‑C treatments (0.2–1.5 kJ/m2) were applied 1, 3, or 7 days before inoculation with P. lingam. The in vitro experiments showed a significant reduction in mycelia growth on agar plates one and two days after UV‑C treatment. However, the fungal growth recovered; after 7 days no significant differences were detectable. The in planta results showed an effect on disease severity affected by the application time of UV‑C treatment and the applied UV‑C dose. UV‑C application 1 day before inoculation significantly increased the disease severity. Whereas, UV‑C treatment 7 days before inoculation with a UV‑C dose of 0.8 kJ/m2 reduced the disease severity by 44%. If the UV‑C application was done after inoculation, the disease severity could be reduced by approximately 68% at a dose of 0.8 kJ/m2 1 day after inoculation. The results of the study show, that UV‑C treatment can stimulate plant defense and damage the pathogen directly.
Can written prompts help medical residents to accurately monitor their own communication skills and those of others?
Authors: de Meijer F. O. , Nyamu N. , de Bruin A. B. H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn healthcare, effective communication in complex situations such as end of life conversations is critical for delivering high quality care. Whether residents learn from communication training with actors depends on whether they are able to select appropriate information or ‘predictive cues’ from that learning situation that accurately reflect their or their peers’ performance and whether they use those cues for ensuing judgement. This study aimed to explore whether prompts can help medical residents improving use of predictive cues and judgement of communication skills. First and third year Kenyan residents (N = 41) from 8 different specialties were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups during a mock OSCE assessing advanced communication skills. Residents in the intervention arm received paper predictive cue prompts while residents in the control arm received paper regular prompts for self-judgement. In a pre- and post- test, residents’ use of predictive cues and the appropriateness of peer-judgements were evaluated against a pre-rated video of another resident. The intervention improved both the use of predictive cues in self-judgement and peer-judgement. Ensuing accuracy of peer-judgements in the pre- to post-test only partly improved: no effect from the intervention was found on overall appropriateness of judgements. However, when analyzing participants’ completeness of judgements over the various themes within the consultation, a reduction in inappropriate judgments scores was seen in the intervention group. In conclusion, predictive cue prompts can help learners to concentrate on relevant cues when evaluating communication skills and partly improve monitoring accuracy. Future research should focus on offering prompts more frequently to evaluate whether this increases the effect on monitoring accuracy in communication skills.
Identifying the Health Educational Needs of Refugees: Empirical Evidence from a Delphi Study
Authors: Harjani Maxine G. , Stathakarou Natalia , Konstantinidis Stathis Th. , Dratsiou Ioanna , Varella Annita , Salcedo Vicente Traver , Segura Segura María , Tsoupouroglou Iraklis , Bamidis Panagiotis D. , Karlgren Klas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRefugees experience poorer health outcomes especially which can be exacerbated by or can be a result of low health literacy of refugee populations. To address poor health outcomes, health literacy, and health usage in refugee populations, it is essential to develop health educational interventions for refugees’ healthcare integration. To do so, learning objectives must be identified based on refugees’ health knowledge gaps. Therefore, the overall aim of this study is to identify these knowledge gaps. A modified Delphi method was employed for this study with three rounds of survey: the first to identify learning objectives, the second to prioritise learning objectives, and the third to categorise the learning objectives as not recommended, partially recommended, or highly recommended. An overarching theme of utilising the healthcare system and its various services effectively and efficiently was recognised to be an important learning objective for educational interventions to address refugees’ health integration. Overall, learning objectives within the theme self-care and preventative health were ranked as most important.
Determinants to Tele-Mental Health Services Utilization Among California Adults: Do Immigration-Related Variables Matter?
Authors: Siddiq Hafifa , Choi Kristen R. , Jackson Nicholas , Saadi Altaf , Gelberg Lillian , Ponce Ninez A. , Takada Sae 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo investigate the relationship of predisposing, enabling, need, and immigration-related factors to tele-mental health services utilization among California adults, we conducted a secondary analysis of two waves of the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) collected between 2015 and 2018 (N = 78,345). A series of logistic regression models were conducted to examine correlates and predictors to tele-mental health services use. Approximately 1.3% reported the use of tele-mental health services. Overall, health insurance status, severe psychological distress, perceived need for mental health services, and identifying as Asian, remained strong predictors for tele-mental health service use. When accounting for all factors, we found that being a non-citizen was associated with lower odds of tele-mental health service use (AOR = 0.47, CI = 0.26, 0.87, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that citizenship, resources to access, and perceived need for mental health care collectively are the most significant factors driving the use of tele-mental health services. There is a need to address inequitable access to tele-mental health services among immigrants who do not qualify for healthcare coverage due to citizenship status.
Full-Scale Readout Electronics for the ECHo Experiment
Authors: Muscheid Timo , Gartmann Robert , Karcher Nick , Schuderer Felix , Neidig Martin , Balzer Matthias , Ardila-Perez Luis E. , Kempf Sebastian , Sander Oliver 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent advances in the development of cryogenic particle detectors such as magnetic microcalorimeters allow the fabrication of sensor arrays with an increasing number of pixels. Since these detectors must be operated at the lowest temperatures, the readout of large detector arrays is still quite challenging. This is especially true for the ECHo experiment, which presently aims to simultaneously run 6,000 two pixel detectors to investigate the electron neutrino mass. For this reason, we developed a readout system based on a microwave SQUID multiplexer ($$\mu$$
μ
MUX) that is operated by a custom software-defined radio (SDR) at room-temperature. The SDR readout electronics consist of three distinct hardware units: a data processing board with a Xilinx ZynqUS+ MPSoC; a converter board that features DACs, ADCs, and a coherent clock distribution network; and a radio frequency front-end board to translate the signals between the baseband and the microwave domains. Here, we describe the characteristics of the full-scale SDR system. First, the generated frequency comb for driving the $$\mu$$
μ
MUX was evaluated. Subsequently, by operating the SDR in direct loopback, the crosstalk of the individual channels after frequency demultiplexing was investigated. Finally, the system was used with a 16-channel $$\mu$$
μ
MUX to evaluate the linearity of the SDR, and the noise contributed to the overall readout setup.
Multiscale Parametrization Of a Friction Model For Metal Cutting Using Contact Mechanics, Atomistic Simulations, And Experiments
Authors: Holey Hannes , Sauer Florian , Ganta Prasanth Babu , Mayrhofer Leonhard , Dienwiebel Martin , Schulze Volker , Moseler Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, we developed and parametrized a friction model for finite element (FE) cutting simulations of AISI4140 steel, combining experimental data and numerical simulations at various scales. Given the severe thermomechanical loads during cutting, parametrization of friction models based on analogous experiments has been proven difficult, such that the cutting process itself is often used for calibration. Instead, our model is based on the real area of contact between rough surfaces and the stress required to shear adhesive micro contacts. We utilized microtextured cutting tools and their negative imprint on chips to orient chip and tool surfaces, enabling the determination of a combined surface roughness. This effective roughness was then applied in contact mechanics calculations using a penetration hardness model informed by indentation hardness measurements. Consistent with Bowden and Tabor theory, we observed that the fractional contact area increased linearly with the applied normal load, and the effective roughness remained insensitive to cutting fluid application. Additionally, we calculated the required shear stress as a function of normal load using DFT-based molecular dynamics simulations for a tribofilm formed at the interface, with its composition inferred from ex-situ XPS depth profiling of the cutting tools. Our friction model demonstrated good agreement with experimental results in two-dimensional FE chip forming simulations of orthogonal cutting processes, evaluated by means of cutting force, passive force, and contact length prediction. This work presents a proof of concept for a physics-based approach to calibrate constitutive models in metal cutting, potentially advancing the use of multiscale and multiphysical simulations in machining.
Graphical abstract