bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HMGA2, but not HMGA1, is overexpressed in human larynx carcinomas
Authors: Palumbo Antonio , De Martino Marco , Esposito Francesco , Fraggetta Filippo , Neto Pedro N , Valverde Fernandes Priscila , Santos Izabella C , Dias Fernando L , Nasciutti Luiz E , Meireles Da Costa Nathalia , Fusco Alfredo , Ribeiro Pinto Luís Felipe 
Published: December 2017

AimsMalignant tumours from the upper aerodigestive tract are grouped collectively in the class of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The head and neck tumours were responsible for more than 500 000 cancer cases in 2012, accounting for the sixth highest incidence rate and mortality worldwide among all tumour types. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) possesses the second highest incidence rate among all HNSCC. Despite significant advances in surgery and radiotherapy during the last few decades, no treatment has been shown to achieve a satisfactory therapeutic outcome and the mortality rate of LSCC is still high, with a 5‐year survival rate of 64%. Therefore, further investigations are required to identify the pathogenesis of LSCC.Methods and resultsIn order to search for new LSCC biomarkers, we have analysed the expression of the HMGA family members, HMGA1 and HMGA2, by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) and immunohistochemistry. HMGA proteins are usually absent in the healthy adult tissues. In contrast, their constitutive expression is a feature of several neoplasias, being associated with a highly malignant phenotype and reduced survival. Here, we report HMGA2 overexpression in larynx carcinomas. Conversely, HMGA1 does not show any differences in its expression between normal and carcinoma tissues. Interestingly, HMGA2 overexpression appears associated with that of two HMGA1‐pseudogenes, HMGA1P6 and HMGA1P7, acting as a sponge for HMGA1‐ and HMGA2‐targeting microRNAs and involved in several human cancers.ConclusionsTherefore, HMGA2 overexpression appears to be a strong feature of larynx carcinoma, supporting its detection as a valid tool for the diagnosis of these malignancies.
Predicting response after infliximab salvage in acute severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Choy Matthew C , Seah Dean , Gorelik Alexandra , An Yoon‐Kyo , Chen Cheng‐Yu , Macrae Finlay A , Sparrow Miles P , Connell William R , Moore Gregory T , Radford‐Smith Graham , Van Langenberg Daniel R , De Cruz Peter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground and AimAcute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a medical emergency requiring prompt therapeutic intervention. Although infliximab has been used as salvage therapy for over 15 years, clinical predictors of treatment success are lacking. We performed a retrospective analysis to identify factors that predict colectomy and may guide dose intensification.MethodsFifty‐four hospitalized patients received infliximab for ASUC at seven Australian centers (April 2014–May 2015). Follow‐up was over 12 months. The data were primarily analyzed for predictors of colectomy. Accelerated (AI) versus standard (SI) infliximab induction strategies were also compared.ResultsOf 54 patients identified, the overall colectomy rate was 15.38% (8/52) at 3 months and 26.92% (14/52) at 12 months. Two patients were lost to follow‐up. There was a numerically higher colectomy rate in those treated with AI compared with SI (P = 0.3); however, those treated with AI had more severe biochemical disease. A C‐reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio cut‐off of 0.37 post‐commencement of infliximab and before discharge was a significant predictor of colectomy with an area under receiver operating curve of 0.73. Pretreatment CRP and albumin levels were not predictive of colectomy. A Mayo Endoscopic Score of 2 had a 94% PPV for avoidance of colectomy following infliximab salvage.ConclusionsThe baseline Mayo Endoscopic Score and the CRP/albumin ratio following infliximab salvage are significant predictors of treatment response for ASUC and identify patients at high risk of colectomy. Whether this risk can be mitigated using infliximab dose intensification requires prospective evaluation before the CRP/albumin ratio can be integrated into ASUC management algorithms.
Persistent reduction of mucosal‐associated invariant T cells in primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Setsu Toru , Yamagiwa Satoshi , Tominaga Kentaro , Kimura Naruhiro , Honda Hiroki , Kamimura Hiroteru , Tsuchiya Atsunori , Takamura Masaaki , Terai Shuji 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground and AimMucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells constitute a novel subset of innate‐like T lymphocytes characterized by a semi‐invariant T‐cell receptor repertoire capable of recognizing bacterial products. Considering the abundance of MAIT cells in the liver and the possible association between bacterial infections and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), we aimed to analyze the involvement of MAIT cells in the immunopathogenesis of PBC.MethodsPeripheral blood and liver biopsy specimens were collected from 25 patients with PBC and 19 patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Surgically removed liver tissues distant from tumors in patients with metastatic liver tumors were used as controls. Mononuclear cells were separated using Ficoll gradient, and the expression of various markers was investigated by flow cytometry. Cytokine production was investigated using blood MAIT cells after stimulation by anti‐CD3/CD28‐coupled beads with/without interleukin‐7 (IL‐7).ResultsMucosal‐associated invariant T cells were significantly reduced in both the blood and liver of PBC patients compared with those in controls. MAIT cells in the blood of PBC patients expressed significantly lower levels of activation markers and IL‐7 receptor. Moreover, MAIT cells in the blood of PBC patients showed impaired production of cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor alpha, after in vitro stimulation with IL‐7. Interestingly, even after biochemical responses were achieved by ursodeoxycholic acid treatment, the frequencies of MAIT cells did not fully recover to normal levels.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that MAIT cells were activated, exhausted, and persistently depleted in PBC patients even after ursodeoxycholic acid treatment, possibly as a consequence of persistent liver inflammation.
History and Current Use of Antimicrobial Drugs in Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Prescott John F. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
This chapter briefly reviews the history and current use of antimicrobials in animals, with a focus on food animals in the more economically developed countries. It identifies some of the differences between human medical and food animal use, particularly in growth promotional and “subtherapeutic” use of medically-important antibiotics in animals. The public health impact of the extensive use of antibiotics in food animals for these purposes, differences internationally in such usage, and the major changes in current practices now underway in agricultural use are summarized. The emerging framing of the dimensions of antimicrobial resistance within a “One Health” framework is focusing global efforts to address the antimicrobial resistance crisis in a collaborative manner. The rapidly evolving development and application of practices of antimicrobial stewardship in animal is a critical part of the huge global effort to address antimicrobial resistance. The outcome is still uncertain.
Pathways to diagnosis of a second primary cancer: protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Kanguru Lovney , Bikker Annemieke , Cavers Debbie , Barnett Karen , Brewster David H , Weller David , Campbell Christine 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionAs cancer survivors continue to live longer, the incidence of second primary cancers (SPCs) will also rise. Relatively little is understood about the diagnostic pathway for SPCs, how people appraise, interpret symptoms and seek help for a second different cancer and the experiences (including challenges) of healthcare providers relating to SPCs. This study aims to systematically appraise and synthesise the literature on the pathways to diagnosis of an SPC and the associated patient and healthcare provider experiences.MethodsThe approach taken includes systematic searches of published and unpublished literature without any date or language restrictions. MEDLINE, Embase, CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE In-Process and non-indexed citations, PsycINFO, Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process and other non-indexed citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily, CINAHL, ASSIA, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science, PROSPERO and grey literature will be searched to identify observational, systematic reviews, mixed methods and qualitative studies of interest. Titles, abstracts and full texts will be screened against the inclusion–exclusion criteria by at least two reviewers independently. Relevant outcomes of interest and study and population characteristics will be extracted. Synthesis will be used guided by the Pathways to Treatment model and the Olesen model of time intervals.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. This systematic review will provide a deeper understanding of the complex and heterogeneous diagnostic pathways of SPCs, while identifying common themes across the diagnostic interval, routes to diagnosis and patient and healthcare provider experiences. These findings will help provide a nuanced picture of the diagnostic pathway for SPCs that may inform policy and consistent practice. In particular, approaches to early diagnosis for an SPC; including the timing and reasons behind the decision by the patient to seek care,the challenges faced by healthcare providers, and in the development of future interventions to reduce the delay in patient time-to-presentation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016051692.
Design and rationale of the Cardiovascular Health and Text Messaging (CHAT) Study and the CHAT-Diabetes Mellitus (CHAT-DM) Study: two randomised controlled trials of text messaging to improve secondary prevention for coronary heart disease and diabetes
Authors: Huo Xiqian , Spatz Erica S , Ding Qinglan , Horak Paul , Zheng Xin , Masters Claire , Zhang Haibo , Irwin Melinda L , Yan Xiaofang , Guan Wenchi , Li Jing , Li Xi , Spertus John A , Masoudi Frederick A , Krumholz Harlan M , Jiang Lixin 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionMobile health interventions have the potential to promote risk factor management and lifestyle modification, and are a particularly attractive approach for scaling across healthcare systems with limited resources. We are conducting two randomised trials to evaluate the efficacy of text message-based health messages in improving secondary coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention among patients with or without diabetes.Methods and analysisThe Cardiovascular Health And Text Messaging (CHAT) Study and the CHAT-Diabetes Mellitus (CHAT-DM) Study are multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trials of text messaging versus standard treatment with 6 months of follow-up conducted in 37 hospitals throughout 17 provinces in China. The intervention group receives six text messages per week which target blood pressure control, medication adherence, physical activity, smoking cessation (when appropriate), glucose monitoring and lifestyle recommendations including diet (in CHAT-DM). The text messages were developed based on behavioural change techniques, using models such as the information-motivation-behavioural skills model, goal setting and provision of social support. A total sample size of 800 patients would be adequate for CHAT Study and sample size of 500 patients would be adequate for the CHAT-DM Study. In CHAT, the primary outcome is the change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes include a change in proportion of patients achieving a SBP <140 mm Hg, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), physical activity, medication adherence, body mass index (BMI) and smoking cessation. In CHAT-DM, the primary outcome is the change in glycaemic haemoglobin (HbA1C) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes include a change in the proportion of patients achieving HbA1C<7%, fasting blood glucose, SBP, LDL-C, BMI, physical activity and medication adherence.Ethics and disseminationThe central ethics committee at the China National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and the Yale University Institutional Review Board approved the CHAT and CHAT-DM studies. Results will be disseminated via usual scientific forums including peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberCHAT (NCT02888769) and CHAT-DM (NCT02883842); Pre-results.
Associations between neighbourhood characteristics and depression: a twin study
Authors: Cohen-Cline Hannah , Beresford Shirley A A , Barrington Wendy Elizabeth , Matsueda Ross L , Wakefield Jon , Duncan Glen E 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundDepression is an important contributor to the global burden of disease. Besides several known individual-level factors that contribute to depression, there is a growing recognition that neighbourhood environment can also profoundly affect mental health. This study assessed associations between three neighbourhood constructs—socioeconomic deprivation, residential instability and income inequality—and depression among adult twin pairs. The twin design is used to examine the association between neighbourhood constructs and depression, controlling for selection factors (ie, genetic and shared environmental factors) that have confounded purported associations.MethodsWe used multilevel random-intercept Poisson regression among 3738 same-sex twin pairs from a community-based twin registry to examine the association between neighbourhood constructs and depression. The within-pair association controls for confounding by genetic and environmental factors shared between twins within a pair, and is the main parameter of interest. Models were adjusted for individual-level income, education and marital status, and further by neighbourhood-level population density.ResultsWhen twins were analysed as individuals (phenotypic model), all neighbourhood constructs were significantly associated with depression. However, only neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation showed a significant within-pair association with depression. A 10-unit within-pair difference in neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation was associated with 6% greater depressive symptoms (1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11); the association did not substantially change in adjusted models.ConclusionThis study provides new evidence linking neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation with greater depression. Future studies should employ longitudinal designs to better test social causation versus social selection.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Baggio Giovanni Gambaro Bruno 
Published: December 2017

The following is an abstract of the article discussed in the subsequent letter:Marshall, Sally M., Klavs W. Hansen, Ruth Østerby, Jan Frystyk, Hans Ørskov, and Allan Flyvbjerg. Effects of heparin on renal morphology and albuminuria in experimental diabetes. Am. J. Physiol. 271 ( Endocrinol. Metab. 34): E326–E332, 1996.—Female nondiabetic and streptozotocin diabetic Wistar rats received 200 units heparin two times daily by subcutaneous injection for 6 mo. Mesangial volume fraction was reduced in heparin-treated control (CH) compared with untreated control (C) animals (CH 0.18 ± 0.02 vs. C 0.24 ± 0.02, P < 0.05), but other histological parameters were similar. In the heparin-treated diabetic (DH) group, wet kidney weight was increased compared with the untreated diabetic (D) group (DH 1,156 ± 39 vs. D 1,050 ± 30 mg, P < 0.05), as were absolute, but not fractional, glomerular volume ( P < 0.05) and capillary volume ( P < 0.05). Basement membrane thickness (DH 193 ± 3 vs. D 231 ± 9 nm, P < 0.01) and mesangial/glomerular volume fraction ( P < 0.001) were decreased. Urinary albumin excretion was increased in the heparin-treated control animals compared with control animals [CH 980 (range 150–4,446) vs. C 221 (range 86–654) μg/24 h, P < 0.001] and in the heparin-treated diabetic animals compared with the diabetic animals [DH 12,785 (range 4,495–29,520) vs. D 899 (range 450–1,335) μg/24 h, P < 0.001]. Thus the possibly deleterious increases in glomerular capillary volume and albumin excretion may negate the beneficial effects of heparin on mesangial and basement membrane structures.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Jeneson J. A. L. , Kushmerick M. J. , Westerhoff H. V. 
Published: December 2017

The following is the abstract of the article discussed in the subsequent letter:Portman, Michael A., Yun Xiao, Ying Song, and Xue-Han Ning. Expression of adenine nucleotide translocator parallels maturation of respiratory control in heart in vivo. Am. J. Physiol. 273 ( Heart Circ. Physiol. 42): H1977–H1983, 1997.—Changes in the relationship between myocardial high-energy phosphates and oxygen consumption in vivo occur during development, implying that the mode of respiratory control undergoes maturation. We hypothesized that these maturational changes in sheep heart are paralleled by alterations in the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), which are in turn related to changes in the expression of this gene. Increases in myocardial oxygen consumption (MV˙o2) were induced by epinephrine infusion in newborn (0–32 h, n = 6) and mature sheep (30–32 days, n = 6), and high-energy phosphates were monitored with31P nuclear magnetic resonance. Western blot analyses for the ANT1and the β-subunit of F1-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) were performed in these hearts and additional ( n = 9 total per group) as well as in fetal hearts (130–132 days of gestation, n = 5). Northern blot analyses were performed to assess for changes in steady-state RNA transcripts for these two genes. Kinetic analyses for the31P spectra data revealed that the ADP-MV˙o2relationship for the newborns conformed to a Michaelis-Menten model but that the mature data did not conform to first- or second-order kinetic control of respiration through ANT. Maturation from fetal to mature was accompanied by a 2.5-fold increase in ANT protein (by Western blot), with no detectable change in β-F1-ATPase. Northern blot data show that steady-state mRNA levels for ANT and β-F1-ATPase increased ∼2.5-fold from fetal to mature. These data indicate that 1) respiratory control pattern in the newborn is consistent with a kinetic type regulation through ANT, 2) maturational decreases in control through ANT are paralleled by specific increases in ANT content, and 3) regulation of these changes in ANT may be related to increases in steady-state transcript levels for its gene.
Antidiuretic hormone-induced intramembranous alterations in mammalian collecting ducts
Authors: Harmanci Mehmet C. , Kachadorian William A. , Valtin Heinz , DiScala Vincent A. 
Published: December 2017

Freeze-fracture electron microscopy had previously revealed antidiuretic hormone-induced aggregates of intramembranous particles in amphibian urinary bladder. To investigate the effects of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in another ADH-sensitive epithelium, namely, mammalian renal collecting ducts, freeze-fracture studies were carried out in Brattleboro homozygous rats. Collecting duct luminal membranes of ADH-treated homozygotes showed intramembranous particle clusters (117 ± 17/100 μm2) that were loosely packed and that occurred on both exoplasmic (E) and protoplasmic (P) faces. Untreated, control homozygous rats had significantly less (3 ± 1/100 μm2) clusters. Changes similar to those seen in ADH-treated rats were observed in water-deprived Wistar rats. The clustered particles differed from those seen in ADH-treated amphibian urinary bladder in that the latter occurred only on the P face and were more densely packed. Nevertheless, our observations suggest a common membrane effect for ADH action that may apply in mammals and amphibia alike. freeze-fracture; Brattleboro homozygous rats; membrane particle clusters Submitted on March 6, 1978 Accepted on July 14, 1978
Glutathione catabolism by the ischemic rat kidney
Authors: Slusser Stephen O. , Grotyohann Lee W. , Martin Louis F. , Scaduto Russell C. 
Published: December 2017

The glutathione (GSH) content of rat kidney decreases after cessation of blood flow, falling to 40% of control levels 35 min after renal artery occlusion [R. C. Scaduto, Jr., V. H. Gattone II, L. W. Grotyohann, J. Wertz, and L. F. Martin. Am. J. Physiol. 255 ( Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 24): F911-F921, 1988]. Renal GSH levels remained depressed for at least 2 h after resumption of blood flow. Because GSH functions in the removal of free radicals, and lipid peroxidation is a free radical-initiated process that occurs in the ischemic kidney, we investigated the fate of this GSH pool in the ischemic kidney. Using high-performance liquid chromatography to measure thiols, we found the loss of GSH to be associated with a stoichiometric accumulation of cysteine in the kidney. Moreover, preischemic labeling of the renal GSH pool with 35S led to accumulation of [35S]cysteine during ischemia that had the same specific activity as that of tissue GSH. Formation of cysteine during ischemia was suppressed in rats pretreated with acivicin, an inhibitor of ɣ-glutamyltransferase (ɣ-GT), although the degree of suppression was small in comparison to the extent of ɣ-GT inhibition. During the initial 2 min of blood reflow after ischemia, tissue cysteine returned to control levels, and a transient increase in the cysteine content of renal venous blood was observed. After ischemia, renal GSH levels remained depressed, but postischemic GSH levels could be increased by administration of N-acetylcysteine during the ischemic period. We conclude that renal ischemia leads to marked catabolism of GSH to cysteine, which is flushed from the tissue upon resumption of renal blood flow. The data are consistent with a pathway involving initial hydrolysis of GSH by ɣ-GT under conditions in which GSH synthesis is suppressed. Resynthesis of GSH after ischemia is limited by the availability of cysteine. ischemia; cysteine; plasma thiols; kidney thiols Submitted on August 7, 1989 Accepted on November 20, 1989
Aldosterone metabolism in combined isolated perfused rat liver and kidney
Authors: Egfjord Martin , Daugaard Henrik , Olgaard Klaus 
Published: December 2017

Pages 536–548: Martin Egfjord, Henrik Daugaard, and Klaus Olgaard. “Aldosterone metabolism in combined isolated perfused rat liver and kidney.” Page 545, Table 2: braces in columns 1, 2, and 6 were inadvertently omitted in the final printing. (See PDF)
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Meyer Ronald A. , Wiseman Robert W. 
Published: December 2017

The following is the abstract of the article discussed in the subsequent letter: Nevill, Alan M., David A. Jones, David McIntyre, Gregory C. Bogdanis, and Mary E. Nevill. A model for phosphocreatine resynthesis. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(1): 329–335, 1997.—A model for phosphocreatine (PCr) resynthesis is proposed based on a simple electric circuit, where the PCr store in muscle is likened to the stored charge on the capacitor. The solution to the second-order differential equation that describes the potential around the circuit suggests the model for PCr resynthesis is given by PCr( t) = R − [ d 1 ⋅ exp(− k 1 ⋅ t) ± d 2 ⋅ exp(− k 2 ⋅ t)], where R is PCr concentration at rest, d 1, d 2, k 1, and k 2 are constants, and t is time. By using nonlinear least squares regression, this double-exponential model was shown to fit the PCr recovery data taken from two studies involving maximal exercise accurately. In study 1, when the muscle was electrically stimulated while occluded, PCr concentrations rose during the recovery phase to a level above that observed at rest. In study 2, after intensive dynamic exercise, PCr recovered monotonically to resting concentrations. The second exponential term in the double-exponential model was found to make a significant additional contribution to the quality of fit in both study 1( P < 0.05) and study 2 ( P < 0.01).