bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Technique for Repair of Tegmen Dehiscence with Encephalocele: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Altshuler Marcelle , Jha Rohan , Gupta Saksham , Hong Christopher S. , Balagurunath Kaasinath , Gerstl Jakob V.E. , Song Yohan , Corrales Eduardo , Smith Timothy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background and Objectives Tegmen dehiscence with encephalocele presents certain surgical challenges, necessitating innovative approaches to improve patient outcomes and minimize complications. Here we aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel middle cranial fossa craniotomy technique.
Methods Nineteen adult patients with radiographically confirmed tegmen dehiscence with encephalocele were included. Patients underwent a middle cranial fossa craniotomy technique for tegmen dehiscence repair, utilizing a split-thickness bone graft, pedicled pericranial flap, and hydroxyapatite for extradural repair and with an inlay graft for the intradural repair. The primary outcome measured was the major perioperative complications or need for revision surgery, while the secondary outcome measured was the resolution or improvement of preoperative symptoms associated with tegmen dehiscence.
Results Our series encompassed tegmen dehiscence repairs in 19 patients, with an average age at surgery of 51 years (range: 24–82 years). The average follow-up time was 8.80 months (range: 0.43–27.62 months). Patients commonly presented with symptoms such as hearing loss (n = 8), otorrhea (n = 8), fullness or ear pressure (n = 6), dizziness or imbalance (n = 6), or a history of meningitis (n = 4), among others. Postoperatively, symptoms resolved completely in 42% of patients (n = 8) and partially in 58% of patients (n = 11). Notably, no patients required revision surgery or developed new dehiscence in the follow-up period.
Conclusion Our middle cranial fossa craniotomy technique for tegmen dehiscence with encephalocele repair demonstrated promising postoperative outcomes, with complete or partial symptom resolution in all patients and no major complications. Our findings suggest that this technique is a safe and effective approach for tegmen dehiscence repair.
An Advanced Cardiac Life Support Application Improves Performance during Simulated Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Senter-Zapata Michael , Neel Dylan V. , Colocci Isabella , Alblooshi Afaf , AlRadini Faten Abdullah M. , Quach Brian , Lyon Samuel , Coll Maxwell , Chu Andrew , Rainer Katharine W. , Waters Beth , Baugh Christopher W. , Dias Roger D. , Zhang Haipeng , Eyre Andrew , Isselbacher Eric , Conley Jared , Carlile Narath 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives Variability in cardiopulmonary arrest training and management leads to inconsistent outcomes during in-hospital cardiac arrest. Existing clinical decision aids, such as American Heart Association (AHA) advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) pocket cards and third-party mobile apps, often lack comprehensive management guidance. We developed a novel, guided ACLS mobile app and evaluated user performance during simulated cardiac arrest according to the 2020 AHA ACLS guidelines via randomized controlled trial.
Methods Forty-six resident physicians were randomized to lead a simulated code team using the AHA pockets cards (N = 22) or the guided app (N = 24). The primary outcome was successful return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Secondary outcomes included code leader stress and confidence, AHA ACLS guideline adherence, and errors. A focus group of 22 residents provided feedback. Statistical analysis included two-sided t-tests and Fisher's exact tests.
Results App users showed significantly higher ROSC rate (50 vs. 18%; p = 0.024), correct thrombolytic administration (54 vs. 23%; p = 0.029), backboard use (96 vs. 27%; p < 0.001), end-tidal CO2 monitoring (58 vs. 27%; p = 0.033), and confidence compared with baseline (1.0 vs 0.3; p = 0.005) compared with controls. A focus group of 22 residents indicated unanimous willingness to use the app, with 82% preferring it over AHA pocket cards.
Conclusion Our guided ACLS app shows potential to improve user confidence and adherence to the AHA ACLS guidelines and may help to standardize in-hospital cardiac arrest management. Further validation studies are essential to confirm its efficacy in clinical practice.
Adrenal Crisis with Hypercalcemia Precipitated by Levothyroxine Initiation in a Patient with Polyendocrinopathy
Authors: Shwaylia Fatma , Almazrouei Raya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolyglandular autoimmune syndrome type 2 involving autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency and autoimmune hypothyroidism is rare. Fatigue and tiredness are common overlapping symptoms between the two conditions. Initiating levothyroxine in a patient with underlying adrenal insufficiency may precipitate a severe adrenal crisis. Here, we report a case of a 21-year-old lady who presented with an adrenal crisis with hypercalcemia after levothyroxine initiation. This case highlights the importance of taking a proper detailed history and diligent physical examination which can direct the appropriate diagnosis and avoid the preventable consequence.
20.2.10.2 Arenecarboxylic Acids (Update 2024)
Authors: Franck X. , Durandetti M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This is an update to the original Science of Synthesis chapter from 2007 (Section 20.2.10) focusing on arenecarboxylic acids. This update encompasses articles published between 2007 and 2023. Aromatic carboxylic acids commonly appear as motifs in natural products and biologically significant compounds. Consequently, exploring strategies to synthesize these compounds is a crucial area of research. Recently, novel methodologies utilizing photochemical or electrochemical synthesis have emerged.
9 Biomimetic Nanozymes
Authors: Jin S. , Jeong Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNanozymes are being studied as suitable alternatives to natural enzymes in live environments because of their biocompatible size with other proteins. Their size can not only provide biocompatibility in biological applications but also enhance catalytic activity and yield benefits for catalyst separation and reuse in industrial applications. Due to these advantages, diverse types of nanozymes have been developed. This chapter provides an overview of the catalytic mechanisms and classification of biomimetic nanozymes. Additionally, it reviews recent research progress on biomimetic nanozyme based catalysis and its biosensing, bioimaging, and therapeutic applications.
15 Abiotic Chemistry in Living Animals: Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Porte K. , Thoreau F. , Papot S. , Taran F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe concept of click chemistry, first reported in 2001, has paved the way for bioorthogonal chemistry, which represents a class of chemical transformations that operate in biological media without interfering with endogenous functional groups. Bioorthogonal reactions including ligation, cleavage, and click-to-release reactions can now be carried out in living organisms, unveiling the potential to modulate drug properties by fostering their selective release or synthesis in targeted tissues as well as their on-demand clearance. Herein, we report innovative approaches that employ bioorthogonal chemistry for therapeutic purposes.
Influence of thin film for LIPSS formation on soda-lime glass using SHG femtosecond laser beam
Authors: Arun Kumar K. Deva , Aspe Barthélemy , Depardieu Martin , Thomann Anne-Lise , Semmar Nadjib 
Published: October 2024

This investigation focuses on the influence of thin films on laser-induced periodic surface structures (TF-LIPSSs) formed on soda-lime glass using femtosecond laser pulses with a wavelength of 515 nm. In this study, we introduce a new framework involving a combined metal thin film of chromium and silver (Cr:30 nm + Ag:100 nm) deposited onto soda-lime glass by DC magnetron sputtering. Due to their better coupling by heat accumulation, metal thin film enables a more efficient transfer of energy to the dielectric glass substrate, leading to the formation of periodic structures. The thin-metal-film-deposited glass substrate is irradiated with the second-harmonic generator of a Satsuma laser source to create the LIPSS at high repetition rates ranging from 10 to 250 kHz. We observe simultaneously low-spatial-frequency LIPSS (LSFL) with a spatial period (Λ) of 400 nm and high-spatial-frequency LIPSS (HSFL) with a spatial period of about 110 nm on thin film and glass substrate, respectively. Interestingly, at 10 μJ and 100 kHz, the HSFL observed on the glass substrate are significantly smaller than half of the irradiation wavelength. In the center region, the HSFL⊥ are perpendicular to the laser beam polarization. In the transitioned region between the impact center and the melted area, the HSFLII are parallel to the polarization. Furthermore, when the energy was increased from 10 to 15 μJ, the irradiated zone geometry changed from a regular circular shape to an elliptical one due to an uneven energy distribution over the ablated area, resulting in the formation of irregular surface structures. Finally, a comparative analysis of surface modifications on a metal thin-film-coated glass substrate using different repetition rates and energy levels revealed dissimilar morphological structures.
Exploring synergistic solid lubrication for enhanced tribological performance in biochar-reinforced aluminum matrix composites fabricated by induction sintering
Authors: Abdo Hany S. , Samad Ubair Abdus , Alnaser Ibrahim A. , Ragab Sameh A. , Fouly Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

This study presents a pioneering methodology for the synthesis of aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) fortified with biochar, sourced from renewable biomass feedstocks. Employing a systematic approach, various biochar weight percentages were meticulously investigated to discern their impact on the mechanical and tribological properties of the resulting composites. Through a comprehensive battery of tests, encompassing evaluations of compressive strength and hardness, the study elucidated significant enhancements in mechanical robustness consequent to biochar integration. Notably, the mixture formulation with 7.5 wt. % biochar emerged as the optimal configuration, showcasing an impressive 8.83% augmentation in compressive strength and a notable 15% elevation in the hardness relative to the pristine aluminum pure matrix. The research extends beyond traditional analyses, introducing an exploration of tribological performance. The incorporation of biochar is anticipated to impart solid lubricating properties, influencing wear and friction characteristics. Future research directions may delve into the nuanced interplay between biochar content and tribological enhancements, offering insights into the tailored manipulation of mechanical and tribological properties in AMC through biochar reinforcement. The examination of wear and friction exhibited that the friction coefficient decreased by 6.4% when 10 wt. % of biochar was added. Furthermore, the wear resistance improved proportionally with the biochar weight percentage, regardless of the normal loads applied. The finite element model further demonstrated an enhancement in load-carrying capacity due to biochar incorporation. Finally, analysis of the texture of the rubbed surface presented that the inclusion of biochar in an AL matrix changed the way wear occurs and decreased the amount of weight lost during friction. The resulting materials not only exhibit improved mechanical strength but also hold promise for applications in industries that demand robust, environmentally conscious solutions with enhanced tribological performance.
The highly invasive water hyacinth (
Eichhornia crassipes
[Mart.] Solms) and its control methods in Ethiopia’s freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Addis Awoke Damtie , Desta Takele Taye 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Water hyacinth,
Eichhornia crassipes
, is an obtrusive aquatic vascular plant native to South America (Neotropics). It is among the notorious and invasive weeds that adversely affect the tropical and subtropical world. In Ethiopia,
E
.
crassipes
was first reported in 1956 on Lake Koka and a flooded waterway of Awash River. It was introduced to Ethiopia as an ornamental plant to spruce up its freshwater ecosystems. It is a perennial aquatic plant that forms monotypic mats (thick layers), can float freely, or is anchored in shallow water, and can grow up to 1 m when it forms dense mats. This invasive weed has spread across continents, countries, and freshwater environments mainly by humans, birds, rivers, and watersheds. But humans are the main agents for the spread of water hyacinths. Water hyacinth has both direct and indirect adverse impacts on freshwaters, wetlands, the production of fish, crops, livestock, electric power, irrigation, tourism, and public health.
E
.
crassipes
fast growth, rapid asexual propagation especially using stolons, a wide range of freshwater ecosystem adaptations, and complex root system made the control effort a demanding task. However, manual removal of water hyacinths at an early stage of growth and while they spread over a small area could be possible. Arthropods such as
Neochetina brunchi
and
Neochetina eichhorniae
, and parasitic fungi like
Alternaria alternata
,
Alternaria sp
,
Alternaria tenuissima
, and
Neofusicoccum parvum
have been used as biological control agents (at a trial level) in Ethiopia. When there is high infestation, chemical control methods including acetic acid, 2, 4-D dimethyl amine, and glyphosate can be cautiously used. Although laborious mechanical and manual control methods can be used to remove water hyacinths. An efficient control method that is cheap, safe, and relatively eco-friendly is the integrated use of biological and mechanical control methods. An all-inclusive effort is required to control the invasion of water hyacinth.
Corner and edge states in topological Sierpinski Carpet systems
Authors: Lage L L , Rappe N C , Latgé A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fractal lattices, with their self-similar and intricate structures, offer potential platforms for engineering physical properties on the nanoscale and also for realizing and manipulating high order topological insulator states in novel ways. Here we present a theoretical study on localized corner and edge states, emerging from topological phases in Sierpinski Carpet (SC) within a π-flux regime. A topological phase diagram is presented correlating the quadrupole moment with different hopping parameters. Particular localized states are identified following spatial signatures in distinct fractal generations. The specific geometry and scaling properties of the fractal systems can guide the supported topological states types and their associated functionalities. A conductive device is proposed by coupling identical SC units providing transport response through projected edge states which carry on the details of the system’s topology. Our findings suggest that fractal lattices may also work as alternative routes to tune energy channels in different devices.
Investigating the exciton dynamics in InGaN/GaN core-shell nanorods using time-resolved cathodoluminescence
Authors: Loeto K , Kusch G , Brandt O , Coulon P-M , Hammersley S , Lähnemann J , Girgel I , Fairclough S M , Sarkar M , Shields P A , Oliver R A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study examines the exciton dynamics in InGaN/GaN core–shell nanorods using time-resolved cathodoluminescence (TRCL), which provides nanometer-scale lateral spatial and tens of picoseconds temporal resolutions. The focus is on thick (>20 nm) InGaN layers on the non-polar, semi-polar and polar InGaN facets, which are accessible for study due to the unique nanorod geometry. Spectrally integrated TRCL decay transients reveal distinct recombination behaviours across these facets, indicating varied exciton lifetimes. By extracting fast and slow lifetime components and observing their temperature trends along with those of the integrated and peak intensity, the differences in behaviour were linked to variations in point defect density and the degree and density of localisation centres in the different regions. Further analysis shows that the non-polar and polar regions demonstrate increasing lifetimes with decreasing emission energy, attributed to an increase in the depth of localisation. This investigation provides insights into the intricate exciton dynamics in InGaN/GaN nanorods, offering valuable information for the design and development of optoelectronic devices.
Error-rejecting entanglement purification and concentration for one-dimensional waveguide-emitter system
Authors: Du Fang-Fang , Li Ling-Hui , Ren Xue-Mei , Wang Yang-Yang , Liu Wen-Yao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The distribution of maximal entanglement stands as a pivotal technique in long-distance practical quantum communication. Specifically, achieving high-fidelity entanglement distribution leans upon efficacious entanglement purification and entanglement concentration. In this paper, we materialize error-rejecting nonlocal entanglement purification protocol (EPP) and entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) for solid-state emitter systems assisted by the scattering property of photon-emitter in one-dimensional waveguide. The parity-check gates of both the EPP and ECP can herald the faulty events with the help of the detectors that click, so they are accomplished, in principle, with unity fidelities, which are conducive to implement two protocols. Moreover, additional emitters are unnecessary except a single photon.
The exchange interaction between neighboring quantum dots: physics and applications in quantum information processing
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Li Yixin , Wu Zhiyuan , Ma Xinping , Fan Shichang , Huang Shaoyun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Electron spins confined in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are one of potential candidates for physical implementation of scalable quantum information processing technologies. Tunnel coupling based inter exchange interaction between QDs is crucial in achieving single-qubit manipulation, two-qubit gate, quantum communication and quantum simulation. This review first provides a theoretical perspective that surveys a general framework, including the Helter−London approach, the Hund−Mulliken approach, and the Hubbard model, to describe the inter exchange interactions between semiconductor quantum dots. An electrical method to control the inter exchange interaction in a realistic device is proposed as well. Then the significant achievements of inter exchange interaction in manipulating single qubits, achieving two-qubit gates, performing quantum communication and quantum simulation are reviewed. The last part is a summary of this review.
Design and test of a module of a breathable Electrostatic Shield for the MITICA 1 MV negative ion Beam Source
Authors: Chitarin G. , Patton T. , Pilan N. , Sartori E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The electrical insulation of the MITICA Beam Source at 1 MV is a challenging issue, which has not been fully addressed so far on the basis of experimental results and of theoretical models available in literature. Being MITICA the full-size prototype of the Heating Neutral Beam Injector for the ITER fusion experiment, its electrical insulation is constituted just by vacuum gaps and alumina insulators, since other insulating materials such as SF6 gas or fibreglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) would be quickly degraded by the expected neutron flux produced by fusion reaction. Extrapolations based on HV tests on reduced-scale models have recently indicated the risk of electrical breakdowns in the vacuum gap between electrodes nominally operating at -1 MV and the vacuum vessel (at ground potential). The risk of electrical breakdown can be mitigated by introducing an intermediate Electrostatic Shield (ES), which essentially is an equipotential (metallic) enclosure surrounding the HV electrode, so as to divide the vacuum gap in two independent insulating gaps of 400 kV and 600 kV respectively. However, for optimal negative ion production, the ion source shall operate in H2 or D2 at a pressure of ∼ 0.3 Pa and unavoidably produces a flow of gas leaking out in the surrounding vacuum. Thus, the presence of an intermediate shield can substantially increase the background gas pressure in the vacuum gaps, and, due to the large gap length (0.6 m), exacerbate the risk of breakdown when the pressure approaches the conditions of Paschen-type discharges. In addition to this, RF-induced breakdowns were found on the rear side of the ion source during the operation of the prototype source SPIDER, which were somewhat correlated to a relatively high hydrogen pressure in that area. For these reasons, a structure capable of constituting a full equipotential barrier all around the BS and, at the same time, having sufficient gas conductivity (breathability) to allow efficient pumping of background gas, has been designed. In the first part of the paper, the requirements and design optimization of a breathable module of the intermediate ES are described. Then, an experimental campaign for the validation of the electrode implementation the test configurations and the experimental procedure is discussed.
Radiocarbon as a tracer of the fossil fraction of regional carbon monoxide emissions
Authors: Blyth Liam , Graven Heather , Manning Alistair J , Levy Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an atmospheric pollutant with a positive net warming effect on the climate. The magnitude of CO sources and the fraction of fossil vs biogenic sources are still uncertain and vary across emissions inventories. Measurements of radiocarbon (14C) in CO could potentially be used to investigate the sources of CO on a regional scale because fossil sources lack 14C and reduce the 14C/C ratio (Δ14C) of atmospheric CO more than biogenic sources. We use regional Lagrangian model simulations to investigate the utility of Δ14CO measurements for estimating the fossil fraction of CO emissions and evaluating bottom-up emissions estimates (United Kingdom Greenhouse Gas, UKGHG, and TNO Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, TNO) in London, UK. Due to the high Δ14CO in atmospheric CO from cosmogenic production, both fossil and biogenic CO emissions cause large reductions in Δ14CO regionally, with larger reductions for fossil than biogenic CO per ppb added. There is a strong seasonal variation in Δ14CO in background air and in the sensitivity of Δ14CO to fossil and biogenic emissions of CO. In the UK, the CO emissions estimate from TNO has a higher fraction from fossil fuels than UKGHG (72% vs 67%). This results in larger simulated decreases in Δ14C per ppb CO for TNO emissions. The simulated differences between UKGHG and TNO are likely to be easily detectable by current measurement precision, suggesting that Δ14CO measurements could be an effective tool to understand regional CO sources and assess bottom-up emissions estimates.
On the ground state of one-dimensional quantum droplets for large chemical potentials
Authors: Holmer J , Zhang K Z , Kevrekidis P G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the present work we revisit the problem of the quantum droplet in atomic Bose–Einstein condensates with an eye towards describing its ground state in the large density, so-called Thomas–Fermi (TF) limit. We consider the problem as being separable into 3 distinct regions: an inner one, where the TF approximation is valid, a sharp transition region where the density abruptly drops towards the (vanishing) background value and an outer region which asymptotes to the background value. We analyze the spatial extent of each of these regions, and develop a systematic effective description of the rapid intermediate transition region. Accordingly, we derive a uniformly valid description of the ground state that is found to accurately match our numerical computations. As an additional application of our considerations, we show that this formulation allows for an analytical approximation of excited states such as the (trapped) dark soliton in the large density limit.