bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of glyoxalase pathway confers tolerance to multiple stresses in rice
Authors: Gupta Brijesh K. , Sahoo Khirod K. , Ghosh Ajit , Tripathi Amit K. , Anwar Khalid , Das Priyanka , Singh Anil K. , Pareek Ashwani , Sopory Sudhir K. , Singla‐Pareek Sneh L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCrop plants face a multitude of diverse abiotic and biotic stresses in the farmers' fields. Although there now exists a considerable knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of response to individual stresses, the crosstalk between response pathways to various abiotic and biotic stresses remains enigmatic. Here, we investigated if the cytotoxic metabolite methylglyoxal (MG), excess of which is generated as a common consequence of many abiotic and biotic stresses, may serve as a key molecule linking responses to diverse stresses. For this, we generated transgenic rice plants overexpressing the entire two‐step glyoxalase pathway for MG detoxification. Through assessment of various morphological, physiological and agronomic parameters, we found that glyoxalase‐overexpression imparts tolerance towards abiotic stresses like salinity, drought and heat and also provides resistance towards damage caused by the sheath blight fungus (Rhizoctonia solani) toxin phenylacetic acid. We show that the mechanism of observed tolerance of the glyoxalase‐overexpressing plants towards these diverse abiotic and biotic stresses involves improved MG detoxification and reduced oxidative damage leading to better protection of chloroplast and mitochondrial ultrastructure and maintained photosynthetic efficiency under stress conditions. Together, our findings indicate that MG may serve as a key link between abiotic and biotic stress response in plants.
Stomatal kinetics and photosynthetic gas exchange along a continuum of isohydric to anisohydric regulation of plant water status
Authors: Meinzer Frederick C. , Smith Duncan D. , Woodruff David R. , Marias Danielle E. , McCulloh Katherine A. , Howard Ava R. , Magedman Alicia L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSpecies' differences in the stringency of stomatal control of plant water potential represent a continuum of isohydric to anisohydric behaviours. However, little is known about how quasi‐steady‐state stomatal regulation of water potential may relate to dynamic behaviour of stomata and photosynthetic gas exchange in species operating at different positions along this continuum. Here, we evaluated kinetics of light‐induced stomatal opening, activation of photosynthesis and features of quasi‐steady‐state photosynthetic gas exchange in 10 woody species selected to represent different degrees of anisohydry. Based on a previously developed proxy for the degree of anisohydry, species' leaf water potentials at turgor loss, we found consistent trends in photosynthetic gas exchange traits across a spectrum of isohydry to anisohydry. More anisohydric species had faster kinetics of stomatal opening and activation of photosynthesis, and these kinetics were closely coordinated within species. Quasi‐steady‐state stomatal conductance and measures of photosynthetic capacity and performance were also greater in more anisohydric species. Intrinsic water‐use efficiency estimated from leaf gas exchange and stable carbon isotope ratios was lowest in the most anisohydric species. In comparisons between gas exchange traits, species rankings were highly consistent, leading to species‐independent scaling relationships over the range of isohydry to anisohydry observed.
Formation of a Viral Replication Focus in Sulfolobus Cells Infected by the Rudivirus Sulfolobus islandicus Rod-Shaped Virus 2
Authors: Martínez-Alvarez Laura , Deng Ling , Peng Xu 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Viral factories are compartmentalized centers for viral replication and assembly in infected eukaryotic cells. Here, we report the formation of a replication focus by prototypical archaeal Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2 (SIRV2) in the model archaeon
Sulfolobus
. This rod-shaped virus belongs to the viral family
Rudiviridae
, carrying linear double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes, which are very common in geothermal environments. We demonstrate that SIRV2 DNA synthesis is confined to a focus near the periphery of infected cells. Moreover, viral and cellular replication proteins are recruited to, and concentrated in, the viral replication focus. Furthermore, we show that of the four host DNA polymerases (DNA polymerase I [Dpo1] to Dpo4), only Dpo1 participates in viral DNA synthesis. This constitutes the first report of the formation of a viral replication focus in archaeal cells, suggesting that organization of viral replication in foci is a widespread strategy employed by viruses of the three domains of life.

IMPORTANCE
The organization of viral replication in foci or viral factories has been mostly described for different eukaryotic viruses and for several bacteriophages. This work constitutes the first report of the formation of a viral replication center by a virus infecting members of the
Archaea
domain.
Distinct Roles of Vaccinia Virus NF-κB Inhibitor Proteins A52, B15, and K7 in the Immune Response
Authors: Di Pilato Mauro , Mejías-Pérez Ernesto , Sorzano Carlos Oscar S. , Esteban Mariano 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Poxviruses use a complex strategy to escape immune control, by expressing immunomodulatory proteins that could limit their use as vaccine vectors. To test the role of poxvirus NF-κB pathway inhibitors A52, B15, and K7 in immunity, we deleted their genes in an NYVAC (New York vaccinia virus) strain that expresses HIV-1 clade C antigens. After infection of mice, ablation of the
A52R
,
B15R
, and
K7R
genes increased dendritic cell, natural killer cell, and neutrophil migration as well as chemokine/cytokine expression. Revertant viruses with these genes confirmed their role in inhibiting the innate immune system. To different extents, enhanced innate immune responses correlated with increased HIV Pol- and Gag-specific polyfunctional CD8 T cell and HIV Env-specific IgG responses induced by single-, double-, and triple-deletion mutants. These poxvirus proteins thus influence innate and adaptive cell-mediated and humoral immunity, and their ablation offers alternatives for design of vaccine vectors that regulate immune responses distinctly.

IMPORTANCE
Poxvirus vectors are used in clinical trials as candidate vaccines for several pathogens, yet how these vectors influence the immune system is unknown. We developed distinct poxvirus vectors that express heterologous antigens but lack different inhibitors of the central host-cell signaling pathway. Using mice, we studied the capacity of these viruses to induce innate and adaptive immune responses and showed that these vectors can distinctly regulate the magnitude and quality of these responses. These findings provide important insights into the mechanism of poxvirus-induced immune response and alternative strategies for vaccine vector design.
Increased alloimmunisation and transfusion reaction reporting in patients with solid-phase panreactivity
Authors: Olofson Andrea M , Chandler Rachael M , Marx-Wood Cynthia R , Babcock Craig A , Dunbar Nancy M 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundAutomated solid-phase antibody screening uses red blood cell (RBC) membranes immobilised on polystyrene test wells to detect RBC specific antibodies. Despite its time-saving and labour-saving benefits, this method produces a higher rate of nonspecific reactivity compared with manual screening. Solid-phase panreactivity (SPP) is characterised by panreactivity (ie, all test cells reacting) in solid-phase testing accompanied by a negative autocontrol and a lack of reactivity when the same screening cells are tested in tube. The mechanisms underlying SPP and its clinical significance remain unclear. The goals of this study were to describe the prevalence of SPP at our institution and determine the alloimmunisation and transfusion reaction rates within this population.MethodsData were collected on all patients undergoing type and screen testing over a 6-year period. Study patients undergoing subsequent transfusion were evaluated for reported transfusion reactions and development of new alloantibodies.ResultsOf the 76 051 patients studied, 0.7% demonstrated SPP of which 11% developed new alloantibodies. The transfusion reaction reporting rate among patients with SPP was 2%.ConclusionsOur data suggest that patients with SPP have higher rates of reported transfusion reactions and alloantibody development compared with those without SPP.
The Greenland–Iceland–Faroe Ridge Complex
Authors: Hjartarson Árni , Erlendsson Ögmundur , Blischke Anett 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Greenland–Iceland–Faroe Ridge Complex (GIFRC) has been forming since the opening of the NE Atlantic (<55 Ma), standing out as a prominent feature on all geoscientific datasets. Our interpretations have revealed several new potential abandoned rift centres, mapped as syncline and anticline structures. The synclines are suggested to be manifestations of former rift axes that were abandoned by rift jumps. These appear to be more common inside the GIFRC region than in the adjacent ocean basins, and can be confirmed by observations of cumulative crustal accretion data through time. A major post-40 Ma unconformity is proposed across the East Iceland Shelf, forming a distinct 16–20 myr-long hiatus that is covered by a thick, younger sedimentary section.
Several seamounts were identified on multibeam datasets at around 1200 m water depth in the Vesturdjúp Basin, just south of the Greenland–Iceland Ridge. These seamounts appear to be younger in formation time than the surrounding ocean floor, possibly indicating a still active intraplate volcanic zone. Young tectonic features, such as faults, graben and transverse ridges, characterize the area and present a good example of the complexity of the GIFRC in comparison to the adjacent abyssal plain.
PIK3CA Mutations Contribute to Acquired Cetuximab Resistance in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Xu Jian-Ming , Wang Yan , Wang You-Liang , Wang Yan , Liu Tao , Ni Ming , Li Man-Sheng , Lin Li , Ge Fei-Jiao , Gong Chun , Gu Jun-Yan , Jia Ru , Wang He-Fei , Chen Yu-Ling , Liu Rong-Rui , Zhao Chuan-Hua , Tan Zhao-Li , Jin Yang , Zhu Yun-Ping , Ogino Shuji , Qian Zhi-Rong 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Mutations in KRAS are considered to be the main drivers of acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blockade in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the potential role of other genes downstream of the EGFR signaling pathway in conferring acquired resistance has not been extensively investigated.
Experimental Design: Using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with mCRC and with acquired cetuximab resistance, we developed a targeted amplicon ultra-deep sequencing method to screen for low-abundance somatic mutations in a panel of genes that encode components of the EGFR signaling pathway. Mutations with significantly increased variant frequencies upon disease progression were selected by using quartile analysis. The functional consequences of the identified mutations were validated in cultured cells.
Results: We analyzed 32 patients with acquired cetuximab resistance in a development cohort. Of them, seven (22%) carried five novel PIK3CA mutations, whereas eight (25%) carried previously reported KRAS mutations. Functional studies showed that novel PIK3CA mutations (all in exon 19; p.K944N, p.F930S, p.V955G, p.V955I, and p.K966E) promote cell viability in the presence of cetuximab. Only one novel PIK3CA mutation (p.K944N) was verified in one of the 27 patients with acquired resistance in a validation cohort, simultaneous KRAS and PIK3CA hotspot mutations were detected in two patients. Among the above 59 acquired resistance patients, those with PIK3CA or RAS mutations detected in ctDNA showed a pronounced decrease in progression-free survival than patients with no mutation.
Conclusions: The PIK3CA mutations may potentially contribute to acquired cetuximab resistance in patients with mCRC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4602–16. ©2017 AACR.
Uma “impressão histórico-bibliográfica” sobre Comenius: da cultura à cultura impressa na obra comeniana
Authors: Silva Roge Cavalcante da , Saldanha Gustavo Silva 
Published: April 2017

Este estudo, orientado para a filosofia do livro e seu impacto no pensamento pedagógico de Comenius, integra o projeto “Epistemologia histórica do pensamento biblioteconômico-informacional: a trama da linguagem entre instituições, conceitos, artefatos e intersujeitos”, desenvolvido no contexto da Escola de Biblioteconomia da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O recorte de pesquisa se aproxima dos debates sobre a fundamentação do campo informacional, porém explorando não apenas suas demandas filosóficas, mas incluindo dois eixos co-centrais: a) uma epistemologia histórica, interessada em um olhar sobre os modos como as ideias se estabelecem no tempo-espaço em mutação, e b) uma filosofia da cultura, orientada para o posicionamento dos objetos de estudo, abarcando os conceitos, com integrantes de dimensões construídas e disputadas dentro das dinâmicas culturais. O referencial teórico estabelece-se a partir de fontes oriundas da Biblioteconomia & Ciência da Informação, Educação e História (mais especificamente, os estudos do domínio de História do Livro). Como caracterização metodológica, realiza-se estudo histórico-bibliográfico, com foco no pensamento bibliológico, com vistas à compreensão das margens de influência da cultura impressa no pensamento pedagógico de Johann Amós Comenius (1592-1670). Parte do resultado de um estudo mais amplo, de natureza dupla (histórica e empírico-conceitual), o enfoque geral do estudo procurou demarcar os indícios manifestos da cultura impressa na elaboração de conceitos da Filosofia da Educação presentes na obra maior de Comenius, a Didactica Magna (1657). As diretivas conclusivas procuram comprovar os modos teóricos de influência de uma filosofia do livro transformada por impactos socioculturais.
Suppression of B-cell development genes is key to glucocorticoid efficacy in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kruth Karina A. , Fang Mimi , Shelton Dawne N. , Abu-Halawa Ossama , Mahling Ryan , Yang Hongxing , Weissman Jonathan S. , Loh Mignon L. , Müschen Markus , Tasian Sarah K. , Bassik Michael C. , Kampmann Martin , Pufall Miles A. 
Published: April 2017

Key PointsNext-generation functional genomics identifies B-cell development genes, pathways, and feedback loops that affect dex activity in B-ALL. Suppression of lymphoid-restricted PI3Kδ synergizes with dex in B-ALL by enhancing or restoring regulation of cell-death genes.
Mroh1, a lysosomal regulator localized by WASH-generated actin
Authors: Thomason Peter A. , King Jason S. , Insall Robert H. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
The steps leading to constitutive exocytosis are poorly understood. In Dictyostelium WASH complex mutants, exocytosis is blocked, so cells that take up fluorescent dextran from the medium retain it and remain fluorescent. Here, we establish a FACS-based method to select cells that retain fluorescent dextran, allowing identification of mutants with disrupted exocytosis. Screening a pool of random mutants identified members of the WASH complex, as expected, and multiple mutants in the conserved HEAT-repeat-containing protein Mroh1. In mroh1 mutants, endosomes develop normally until the stage where lysosomes neutralize to postlysosomes, but thereafter the WASH complex is recycled inefficiently, and subsequent exocytosis is substantially delayed. Mroh1 protein localizes to lysosomes in mammalian and Dictyostelium cells. In Dictyostelium, it accumulates on lysosomes as they mature and is removed, together with the WASH complex, shortly before the postlysosomes are exocytosed. WASH-generated F-actin is required for correct subcellular localization; in WASH complex mutants, and immediately after latrunculin treatment, Mroh1 relocalizes from the cytoplasm to small vesicles. Thus, Mroh1 is involved in a late and hitherto undefined actin-dependent step in exocytosis.
Plasma Urate, Cancer Incidence, and All-Cause Mortality: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Kobylecki Camilla J , Afzal Shoaib , Nordestgaard Børge G 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Observationally, high plasma urate is associated with high risk of cancer. We used a Mendelian randomization design to test the hypothesis that high concentrations of plasma urate are associated with high cancer incidence and all-cause mortality observationally and genetically.

METHODS
We performed observational and genetic analyses using plasma urate and the urate solute carrier family 2 member 9 (SLC2A9) rs7442295 genotype in 86210 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study. Cancer and mortality end points were from national cancer and death registries. Incidences and risk of cancer and all-cause mortality were calculated using Cox regression, Fine and Gray competing-risks regression, and instrumental variable analyses.

RESULTS
During a median follow-up time of 3.9 years for cancer and 4.9 years for all-cause mortality, 3243 individuals received a diagnosis of cancer and 3978 died. Observationally, 50% higher plasma urate was associated with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of 1.11 (95% CI, 1.05–1.18) for cancer incidence and 1.07 (1.01–1.13) for all-cause mortality. Each A-allele of the SLC2A9 rs7442295 was associated with 9% higher plasma urate and hazard ratios of 1.07 (1.01–1.14) for cancer incidence and 1.07 (1.02–1.13) for all-cause mortality. In instrumental variable analyses, the odds ratios for a genetically determined 50% higher plasma urate was 1.22 (1.02–1.47) for cancer incidence and 1.49 (1.13–1.93) for all-cause mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
High plasma urate was both observationally and genetically associated with high cancer incidence and high all-cause mortality, suggesting causal relationships.
Mecaster batnensis (Coquand, 1862), a late Cenomanian echinoid from New Mexico, with a compilation of Late Cretaceous echinoid records in the Western Interior of the United States and Canada
Authors: Hook Stephen C. , Cobban William A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Echinoids are rare in the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Interior, where fewer than 60 unique occurrences are known to date, most of these represented by only a few tests or isolated spines. A notable exception is the Carthage coal field (Socorro County, New Mexico), where more than 200 specimens of Mecaster batnensis, previously referred to as Hemiaster jacksoni Maury, 1925, have been collected from the basal Bridge Creek Limestone Beds of the Tokay Tongue of the Mancos Shale. Prolific occurrences from the same beds are known from elsewhere in west-central and southwest New Mexico. Recorded originally from the Upper Cretaceous of Algeria, M. batnensis is a small- to medium-sized, irregular echinoid that is confined to the upper Cenomanian Euomphaloceras septemseriatum Zone in New Mexico. Measurements on 169 well-preserved specimens from two localities in New Mexico document a species that is, on average, 21.0 mm long, 19.8 mm wide, and 15.1 mm tall, yielding a width/length ratio of 0.94 and a height/length ratio of 0.72. Graphs plotting width against length and height against length are strongly linear.
The Western Interior echinoid record spans the entire Late Cretaceous, although there are no records from rocks of Santonian age. Localities are spread from New Mexico on the south to Alberta on the north. Preservation ranges from coarse internal molds in high-energy sandstones to original tests in low-energy limestones.
Mosasauroid predation on an ammonite – Pseudaspidoceras – from the Early Turonian of south-eastern Morocco
Authors: Gale Andrew S. , Kennedy William James , Martill David 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A juvenile specimen of the ammonite Pseudaspidoceras from the Early Turonian of the Goulmima area in the Province of Er-Rachida in south-eastern Morocco shows clear evidence of predation by a tooth-bearing vertebrate. Most of the body chamber is missing, as a result of post-burial compactional crushing. The adapertural part of the shell on the left flank of the surviving fragment of body chamber bears six circular punctuations; the right flank four. These are interpreted as the product of a single bite by a mosasauroid, probably a Tethysaurus.
The taxonomy of the Goulmima Pseudaspidoceras is discuused in an appendix.
Description of the lower jaws of Baculites from the Upper Cretaceous U.S. Western Interior
Authors: Larson Neal L. , Landman Neil H. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We report the discovery of lower jaws of Baculites (Ammonoidea) from the Upper Cretaceous U.S. Western Interior. In the lower Campanian Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk of Kansas, most of the jaws occur as isolated elements. Based on their age, they probably belong to Baculites sp. (smooth). They conform to the description of rugaptychus, and are ornamented with coarse rugae on their ventral side. One specimen is preserved inside a small fecal pellet that was probably produced by a fish. Another specimen occurs inside in a crushed body chamber near the aperture and is probably in situ. Three small structures are present immediately behind the jaw and may represent the remains of the gills. In the lower Maastrichtian Pierre Shale of Wyoming, two specimens of Baculites grandis contain lower jaws inside their body chambers, and are probably in situ. In both specimens, the jaws are oriented at an acute angle to the long axis of the shell, with their anterior ends pointing toward the dorsum. One of the jaws is folded into a U-shape, which probably approximates the shape of the jaw during life. Based on the measurements of the jaws and the shape of the shell, the jaws could not have touched the sides of the shell even if they were splayed out, implying that they could not have effectively served as opercula. Instead, in combination with the upper jaws and radula, they constituted the buccal apparatus that collected and conveyed food to the esophagus.
Facies changes in the Cenomanian (Cretaceous) of the northwestern Elbe Valley near Dresden (Saxony, Germany)
Authors: Tröger Karl-Armin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Upper Cretaceous of the Elbe Valley in Saxony and the erosion outliers west of it mark an Upper Cretaceous NW-SE-running strait between the Westsudetic Island in the NE and the Mid-European Island to the west. This street connected the NW-German-Polish Basin in the north and the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (and adjacent regions of the Tethys) in the south. However, post-Cretaceous erosion north of Meißen removed any Upper Cretaceous deposits but erosion outliers at Siebenlehn and especially north of the Forest of Tharandt proof the presence of a marly through silty belt in this area. Three transgressions (base of uppermost Lower to Middle Cenomanian, base of Upper Cenomanian and base of the geslinianum Zone in the mid-Upper Cenomanian) have taken place. The sedimentation was influenced by the topography of the mentioned islands and by movements at structural lines in the Proterozoic and Palaeozoic basement. During the early Late Cenomanian, a marly-silty sedimentation (Mobschatz Formation) in the north existed besides sandy sedimentation in the south (Oberhäslich Formation). The transgression at the base of the geslinianum Zone caused the final submergence of island chains between Meißen, Dresden and Pirna, and a litho- and biofacies bound to cliffs and submarine swells formed. A silty-marly lithofacies, a mixed sandy-silty lithofacies (Dölzschen Formation) and a sandy lithofacies in the south (Sächsisches Elbsandsteingebirge) co-existed during the latest Cenomanian. The first mentioned biofacies yields a rich fauna mainly consisting of oysters, pectinids, rudists, and near-shore gastropods accompanied by echinids and, in some cliffs, teeth of sharks. The Pennrich fauna (Häntzschel 1933; Uhlig 1941) especially consists of the very common serpulids Pyrgopolon (P.) septemsulcata and Glomerula lombricus (formerly Hepteris septemsulcata and G. gordialis).