bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process of tight junction recovery in the injured vocal fold epithelium: Morphological and paracellular permeability analysis
Authors: Suzuki Ryo , Katsuno Tatsuya , Kishimoto Yo , Nakamura Ryosuke , Mizuta Masanobu , Suehiro Atsushi , Yamashita Masaru , Nakamura Tatsuo , Tateya Ichiro , Omori Koichi 
Published: October 2017

Objectives/HypothesisThe vocal fold epithelium that includes tight junction (TJ)‐based barrier function protects underlying connective tissues from external insults. TJs play an important role to control paracellular permeability of not only solutes but also ions, and preserve the vocal fold homeostasis. However, the distribution of TJs and paracellular diffusion barrier across the entire vocal fold epithelium are still unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the distribution of TJs in the vocal fold epithelium and to characterize the recovery process of TJ‐based paracellular diffusion barrier in a rat model of vocal fold injury.Study DesignAnimal experiments with controls.MethodsNormal and vocal fold–injured rats were used. Larynges were harvested for immunohistochemical examination of TJ proteins. For functional analysis, a tracer permeability assay was performed using EZ‐Link Sulfo‐NHS‐LC‐Biotin.ResultsTJ proteins occludin and zonula occludens 1 signals were localized to the junctional regions of the most luminal cell layers of the vocal fold epithelium. The injured region had been recovered with epithelium at 5 days postinjury, but the paracellular diffusion barrier assays revealed that biotinylation reagents diffused into the lamina propria at 5 days postinjury, and were blocked at the epithelium at 14 and 28 days postinjury.ConclusionsIt was strongly suggested that TJs in the vocal fold epithelium exist at the junctional regions of the first layer of stratified squamous epithelium. TJ‐based paracellular diffusion barrier following vocal fold injury is recovered by 14 days postinjury, and this period corresponds with the time course of structural changes in the regenerating epithelium layer.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:E150–E156, 2018
A matched comparison of human papillomavirus–induced squamous cancer of unknown primary with early oropharynx cancer
Authors: Ross Richard Blake , Koyfman Shlomo A. , Reddy Chandana A. , Houston Narcissa , Geiger Jessica L. , Woody Neil M. , Joshi Nikhil P. , Greskovich John F. , Burkey Brian B. , Scharpf Joseph , Lamarre Eric D. , Prendes Brandon , Lorenz Robert R. , Adelstein David J. , Ward Matthew C. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives/HypothesisPatients with human papillomavirus (HPV)–induced cancer of unknown primary (CUP) are generally excluded from clinical trials, despite surgical series reporting detection rates of occult oropharynx primaries of >80%. We performed a matched‐pair analysis to compare outcomes between T0N1‐3M0 HPV+ CUP and T1‐2N1‐3M0 HPV+ oropharynx known primary (OPX).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study at a single institution.MethodsPatients with early T stage, node positive HPV+ OPX or CUP treated with curative intent between 1998 and 2016 were identified. For a subgroup of CUP patients with an unknown HPV status, we imputed HPV status and included patients with a >80% probability of being HPV+. Cohorts were matched based on patient demographics using a nearest neighbor propensity technique. After matching, patients were grouped according to either a favorable or unfavorable risk stratification designations per current NRG Oncology clinical trial enrollment criteria. Disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using Kaplan‐Meier analysis.ResultsOf 298 patients with T1‐2N1‐3 OPX, 48 were matched to 48 HPV+ CUP patients (32 with confirmed and 16 imputed HPV status). Median follow‐up for CUP (34.1 months) and OPX (27.8 months) patients were similar (P = .23).There were no significant differences between the CUP and OPX groups for 3‐year DFS (89% vs. 85%, P = .44), and 3‐year OS (91% vs. 91%, P = .11), respectively.ConclusionsPatients with T0N+M0 HPV‐induced CUP have similar survival outcomes to matched patients with T1‐2N+M0 HPV+ OPX. These patients can reasonably be included in clinical trials investigating the role of treatment deintensification and risk stratified similar to patients with early‐stage known primary OPX cancer.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1379–1385, 2018
Selective recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation using a penetrating electrode array in the feline model
Authors: Haidar Yarah M. , Sahyouni Ronald , Moshtaghi Omid , Wang Beverly Y. , Djalilian Hamid R. , Middlebrooks John C. , Verma Sunil P. , Lin Harrison W. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives/HypothesisLaryngeal muscles (LMs) are controlled by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), injury of which can result in vocal fold (VF) paralysis (VFP). We aimed to introduce a bioelectric approach to selective stimulation of LMs and graded muscle contraction responses.Study DesignAcute experiments in cats.MethodsThe study included six anesthetized cats. In four cats, a multichannel penetrating microelectrode array (MEA) was placed into an uninjured RLN. For RLN injury experiments, one cat received a standardized hemostat‐crush injury, and one cat received a transection‐reapproximation injury 4 months prior to testing. In each experiment, three LMs (thyroarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, and cricothyroid muscles) were monitored with an electromyographic (EMG) nerve integrity monitoring system. Electrical current pulses were delivered to each stimulating channel individually. Elicited EMG voltage outputs were recorded for each muscle. Direct videolaryngoscopy was performed for visualization of VF movement.ResultsStimulation through individual channels led to selective activation of restricted nerve populations, resulting in selective contraction of individual LMs. Increasing current levels resulted in rising EMG voltage responses. Typically, activation of individual muscles was successfully achieved via single placement of the MEA by selection of appropriate stimulation channels. VF abduction was predominantly observed on videolaryngoscopy. Nerve histology confirmed injury in cases of RLN crush and transection experiments.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the ability of a penetrating MEA to selectively stimulate restricted fiber populations within the feline RLN and selectively elicit contractions of discrete LMs in both acute and injury‐model experiments, suggesting a potential role for intraneural MEA implantation in VFP management.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:1606–1614, 2018
Feasibility of preservation of chorda tympani nerve during noninflammatory ear surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Ziylan Fuat , Smeeing Diederik P.J. , Bezdjian A. , Stegeman Inge , Thomeer Hans G.X.M. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe objective of our systematic review is to investigate the postoperative gustatory function of the chorda tympani nerve following noninflammatory ear surgery for which the chorda tympani is at risk for iatrogenic injury (stretching, handling, or sacrificing).Data SourcesPubMed and EMBASE.Review MethodsA PubMed and EMBASE databases search was conducted on November 15, 2016. Study inclusion criteria included: 1) ear surgery performed for noninflammatory ear diseases, and 2) gustatory function of the chorda tympani reported as an outcome. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the risk of bias assessment tool for nonrandomized studies. Study characteristics and outcome data of the included studies were extracted.ResultsIn total 1,094 articles were retrieved. Fourteen studies encompassing 1,062 operated ears were included after quality assessment. Stapedectomy was the most frequent surgical procedure performed in 398 ears. The follow‐up time varied between 6 weeks and 99 months. Patients with a preserved chorda tympani were less symptomatic (24% was symptomatic) compared to patients with a stretched (53% was symptomatic) or sacrificed chorda tympani (47% was symptomatic). The recovery rate varied from 61% to 79%. The results of the electrogustometry and strip test showed a discrepancy with the subjective complaints of the patients.ConclusionPatients with a stretched chorda tympani were slightly more symptomatic compared to patients with a sacrificed chorda tympani. Therefore, in cases for which the chorda tympani greatly hinders a proper view of the surgical field, sacrificing the nerve could be considered to maximize surgical performance and have a satisfactory postoperative result. Laryngoscope, 1904–1913, 2018
Outpatient management of cholesteatoma with canal wall reconstruction tympanomastoidectomy
Authors: Kao Richard , Wannemuehler Todd , Yates Charles W. , Nelson Rick F. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesThe postoperative wound infection rate for canal wall reconstruction (CWR) tympanomastoidectomy with mastoid obliteration in the treatment of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma has been reported to be 3.6%. Postoperative administration of 24–48 hours of intravenous antibiotics has been recommended. We aim to determine the infection rate of CWR with postoperative outpatient oral antibiotics.Study DesignInstitutional review board—approved retrospective case review.SettingTertiary referral center.Patients: Retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent CWR tympanomastoidectomy with mastoid obliteration at a single institution from 2014 to 2016.Main Outcome Measure: Patient characteristics (age, sex) were calculated. Rate of postoperative complications and infections within 1 month of surgery were calculated. Comparison to previous published infection rates with postoperative intravenous antibiotics.Results51 patients underwent CWR followed by outpatient oral antibiotics with a mean age of 25.9 years (16 patients were less than 10 years old). There were no postoperative wound infections. Outpatient antibiotics showed non‐inferiority to IV antibiotic historic controls (0% vs. 3.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0–6.09%; p = 0.03). One patient had small postoperative wound dehiscence with CSF leak that was managed conservatively. One patient developed Clostridium difficile colitis on postoperative day 2.ConclusionsThe infection rate after CWR tympanomastoidectomy with use of outpatient antibiotics is low and is non‐inferior to a historic cohort treated with inpatient intravenous antibiotics. A larger randomized controlled trial is warranted.Level of Evidence4.
The Impact of Diet‐Induced Weight Loss on Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer: An Exploratory Study (INTERCEPT)
Authors: Beeken Rebecca J. , Croker Helen , Heinrich Malgorzata , Obichere Austin , Finer Nicholas , Murphy Neil , Goldin Robert , Guppy Naomi J. , Wilson Rose , Fisher Abigail , Steptoe Andrew , Gunter Marc J. , Wardle Jane 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the potential effects of diet‐induced weight loss on molecular biomarkers of colorectal cancer risk in serum and colorectal tissue.MethodsThis single‐arm exploratory study included 20 adults with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 completing an 8‐week, complete, low‐energy liquid diet. Pre‐ and postintervention anthropometric measurements, fasting blood draws, and endoscopic examinations to procure colorectal biopsies were performed. Fasting insulin, glucose, insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and blood lipids were measured in serum, and tissue markers of apoptosis (M30), colonocyte proliferation (Ki‐67), and insulin signaling (phospho‐mTOR) were assessed using immunohistochemical staining.ResultsParticipants achieved substantial weight loss (mean = 13.56%). Mean concentrations of insulin, glucose, and cholesterol were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), but IGF‐1 and CRP were not. Colorectal tissue expression of Ki‐67 was significantly reduced (preintervention mean score = 7, postintervention mean score = 3.9, mean % change −43.8; P = 0.027). There were no significant changes in M30 or phospho‐mTOR.ConclusionsWeight loss in individuals with obesity was associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity and blood lipid profiles and a significant reduction in tissue Ki‐67 expression. This is one of the first studies to demonstrate potential cancer‐relevant changes in colorectal tissue following weight loss achieved through diet.
Increased Physical Activity Associated with Less Weight Regain Six Years After “The Biggest Loser” Competition
Authors: Kerns Jennifer C. , Guo Juen , Fothergill Erin , Howard Lilian , Knuth Nicolas D. , Brychta Robert , Chen Kong Y. , Skarulis Monica C. , Walter Peter J. , Hall Kevin D. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore how physical activity (PA) and energy intake (EI) changes were related to weight loss and regain following “The Biggest Loser” competition.MethodsAt baseline, week 6 and week 30 of the competition, and 6 years after the competition, body composition was measured via dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, resting energy expenditure was measured by using indirect calorimetry, and EI and PA were measured by using doubly labeled water.ResultsSix years after the competition, median weight loss in 14 of “The Biggest Loser” participants was 13%, with those maintaining a greater weight loss (mean ± SE) of 24.9% ± 3.8% having increased PA by 160% ± 23%, compared with a PA increase of 34% ± 25% (P = 0.0033) in the weight regainers who were 1.1% ± 4.0% heavier than the precompetition baseline. EI changes were similar between weight loss maintainers and regainers (−8.7% ± 5.6% vs. −7.4% ± 2.7%, respectively; P = 0.83). Weight regain was inversely associated with absolute changes in PA (r = −0.82; P = 0.0003) but not with changes in EI (r = −0.15; P = 0.61). EI and PA changes explained 93% of the individual weight loss variability at 6 years.ConclusionsConsistent with previous reports, large and persistent increases in PA may be required for long‐term maintenance of lost weight.
Perceptions of Barriers to Effective Obesity Care: Results from the National ACTION Study
Authors: Kaplan Lee M. , Golden Angela , Jinnett Kimberly , Kolotkin Ronette L. , Kyle Theodore K. , Look Michelle , Nadglowski Joseph , O'Neil Patrick M. , Parry Thomas , Tomaszewski Kenneth J. , Stevenin Boris , Lilleøre Søren Kruse , Dhurandhar Nikhil V. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveACTION (Awareness, Care, and Treatment in Obesity maNagement) examined obesity‐related perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors among people with obesity (PwO), health care providers (HCPs), and employer representatives (ERs).MethodsA total of 3,008 adult PwO (BMI ≥ 30 by self‐reported height and weight), 606 HCPs, and 153 ERs completed surveys in a cross‐sectional design.ResultsDespite several weight loss (WL) attempts, only 23% of PwO reported 10% WL during the previous 3 years. Many PwO (65%) recognized obesity as a disease, but only 54% worried their weight may affect future health. Most PwO (82%) felt “completely” responsible for WL; 72% of HCPs felt responsible for contributing to WL efforts; few ERs (18%) felt even partially responsible. Only 50% of PwO saw themselves as “obese,” and 55% reported receiving a formal diagnosis of obesity. Despite HCPs' reported comfort with weight‐related conversations, time constraints deprioritized these efforts. Only 24% of PwO had a scheduled follow‐up to initial weight‐related conversations. Few PwO (17%) perceived employer‐sponsored wellness offerings as helpful in supporting WL.ConclusionsAlthough generally perceived as a disease, obesity is not commonly treated as such. Divergence in perceptions and attitudes potentially hinders better management. This study highlights inconsistent understanding of the impact of obesity and need for both self‐directed and medical management.
Association of interleukin‐6 polymorphisms with obesity or metabolic traits in young Mexican‐Americans
Authors: Boeta‐Lopez K. , Duran J. , Elizondo D. , Gonzales E. , Rentfro A. , Schwarzbach A. E. , Nair S. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryObjectiveThe objective of the study is to investigate the association of interleukin‐6 (IL6) promoter single‐nucleotide polymorphisms rs1800797 (‐597 G/A) and rs1800796 (‐572 G/C) with obesity or metabolic syndrome in Mexican‐Americans.MethodsThe rs1800797 and rs1800796 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in Mexican‐Americans (n = 437) from South Texas, and results were correlated with measures of obesity and metabolic syndrome including body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, liver enzymes, plasma IL6 and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP).ResultsSignificant associations were found for the rs1800796 variant with increased waist circumference, insulin resistance, lower IL6 levels and higher hs‐CRP levels. The rs1800797 variant showed no associations with metabolic traits but was associated with higher IL6 levels and lower hs‐CRP levels.ConclusionsFindings in this study support the anti‐inflammatory, anti‐obesity and glucose homeostatic roles of IL6 in Mexican‐American youth.
Genome‐wide binding analysis of AtGNC and AtCGA1 demonstrates their cross‐regulation and common and specific functions
Authors: Xu Zhenhua , Casaretto José A. , Bi Yong‐Mei , Rothstein Steven J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGATA transcription factors are involved in multiple processes in plant growth and development. Two GATA factors, NITRATE‐INDUCIBLE, CARBON METABOLISM‐INVOLVED (GNC) and CYTOKININ‐RESPONSIVE GATA FACTOR 1 (CGA1, also named GNL), are important regulators in greening, flowering, senescence, and hormone signaling. However, their direct target genes related to these biological processes are poorly characterized. Here, GNC and CGA1 are shown to be transcription activators and by using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP‐seq), 1475 and 638 genes are identified to be associated with GNC and CGA1 binding, respectively. Enrichment of diverse motifs in the peak binding regions for GNC and CGA1 suggests the possibility that these two transcription factors also interact with other transcription factors and in addition genes coding for DNA‐binding proteins are highly enriched among GNC‐ and CGA1‐associated genes. Despite the fact that these two GATA factors are known to share a large portion of co‐expressed genes, our analysis revealed a low percentage of overlapping binding‐associated genes for these two homologues. This suggests a possible cross‐regulation between these, which is verified using ChIP‐qPCR. The common and specific biological processes regulated by GNC and CGA1 also support this notion. Functional analysis of the binding‐associated genes revealed that those encoding transcription factors, E3 ligase, as well as genes with roles in plant development are highly enriched, indicating that GNC and CGA1 mediate complex genetic networks in regulating different aspects of plant growth and development.
TET3‐mediated demethylation in tomato activates expression of a CETS gene that stimulates vegetative growth
Authors: Hollwey Elizabeth , Out Suzan , Watson Michael R. , Heidmann Iris , Meyer Peter 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExpression of the mammalian DNA demethylase enzyme TET3 in plants can be used to induce hypomethylation of DNA. In tomato lines that express a TET3 transgene, we observed distinct phenotypes including an increase in the length and number of leaves of primary shoots. As these changes resemble phenotypes observed in plants with strong expression of SELF PRUNING (SP), a member of the PEBP/CETS family, we investigated in TET3 lines the expression levels of members of the PEBP/CETS gene family, which affect shoot architecture and growth of sympodial units in tomato. We did not detect any changes in SP expression in TET3 lines, but for CEN1.1, a putative family member that has not been functionally characterized, we identified changes in gene expression that corresponded to hypomethylation in the upstream region. In tomato wild type, CEN1.1 is expressed in roots, petals, and shoot apices but not in mature leaves. In contrast, in TET3 transformants, the CEN1.1 gene became hypomethylated and activated in leaves. Ectopic expression of CEN1.1 in tomato caused similar phenotypes to those seen in TET3 transformants. Vegetative growth was increased, resulting both in a delay in inflorescence development and in an instability of the inflorescences, which frequently reverted to a vegetative state. Ectopic expression of CEN1.1 in Arabidopsis thaliana also caused floral repression. Our data suggest that the phenotypes observed in TET3 lines are a consequence of ectopic activation of CEN1.1, which promotes vegetative growth, and that CEN1.1 expression is sensitive to DNA methylation changes.
Proteomic Screen of Brain Glycoproteome Reveals Prion Specific Marker of Pathogenesis
Authors: Lamoureux Lise , Simon Sharon L.R. , Waitt Brooks , Knox J. David 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative disorders caused by the presence of an infectious prion protein. The primary site of pathology is the brain characterized by neuroinflammation, astrogliosis, prion fibrils, and vacuolation. The events preceding the observed pathology remain in question. We sought to identify biomarkers in the brain of TSE‐infected and aged‐matched control mice using two‐dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE). Since the brain proteome is too complex to resolve all proteins using 2D‐DIGE, protein samples are initially filtered through either concanavalin A (ConA) or wheat‐germ agglutinin (WGA) columns. Four differentially abundant proteins are identified through screening of the two different glycoproteomes: Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1), calponin‐3 (CNN3), peroxiredoxin‐6 (Prdx6), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Confirmatory Western blots are performed with samples from TSE‐infected and comparative Alzheimer's disease (AD) affected brains and their respective controls from time points throughout the disease courses. The abundance of three of the four proteins increases significantly during later stages of prion disease whereas NEGR1 decreases in abundance. Comparatively, no significant changes are observed in later stages of AD. Our lab is the first to associate the glycosylated NEGR1 protein with prion disease pathology.
Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of confined amorphous polymers
Authors: Vogt Bryan D. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTConfinement of polymers to nanoscale dimensions can dramatically impact their physical properties. Substantial efforts have focused on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polymers confined to thin films, but their mechanical properties are less studied despite their technological importance. In this review, challenges with mechanical measurements of polymer thin films are discussed along with novel metrologies that provide insight into their mechanical properties. A comparison of experimental measurements, simulations and theory provide several general conclusions about the mechanical properties under confinement. Confinement impacts the elastic modulus, rubbery compliance and viscosity of polystyrene, the archetypal polymer for confinement, but the confinement effect appears to depend on the measurement technique. This effect may be due to the details of averaging of gradients in properties that are dependent on the measurement details. Routes to minimize confinement effects are addressed. Despite progress in the measurements of mechanical properties of polymer thin films, there remain unresolved questions about the impact of confinement, which we highlight at the end of this review. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 9–30