bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Case for Bifunctional Catalysis
Authors: Andersen Mie , Medford Andrew J. , Nørskov Jens K. , Reuter Karsten 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBifunctional coupling of two different catalytic site types has often been invoked to explain experimentally observed enhanced catalytic activities. We scrutinize such claims with generic scaling‐relation‐based microkinetic models that allow exploration of the theoretical limits for such a bifunctional gain for several model reactions. For sites at transition‐metal surfaces, the universality of the scaling relations between adsorption energies largely prevents any improvements through bifunctionality. Only the consideration of systems that involve the combination of different materials, such as metal particles on oxide supports, offers hope for significant bifunctional gains.
Investigation of the physico‐mechanical properties of electrospun PVDF/cellulose (nano)fibers
Authors: Issa Ahmed A. , Al‐Maadeed Mariam , Luyt Adriaan S. , Mrlik Miroslav , Hassan Mohammad K. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe electro‐activity and mechanical properties of PVDF depends mainly on the β‐phase content and degree of crystallinity. In this study, cellulose fibers were used to improve these characteristics. This could be achieved because the hydroxyl groups on cellulose would force the fluorine atoms in PVDF to be in the trans‐conformation, and the cellulose particles could act as nucleation centers. Electrospinning was used to prepare the PVDF/cellulose (nano)fibrous films, and this improved the total crystallinity and the formation of β‐crystals. However, the presence and amount of cellulose in PVDF were found to have little influence on the β‐phase content and on the total crystallinity of PVDF. Improvements in the extent of crystallinity and the β‐phase content were primarily brought about by the chain‐ and crystal orientation as a result of electrospinning. The thermal stability of PVDF in the composites slightly increased with increasing cellulose content in the composites up to 1.0 wt %, while the modulus and tensile strength significantly increased up to the same filler level. The dielectric storage permittivity also increased with increasing cellulose content, but the presence of cellulose had no influence on the dynamics of the γ‐ and β‐relaxations of the PVDF. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43594.
Study of crystallization behavior of neat poly(vinylidene fluoride) and transcrystallization in carbon fiber/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite under a temperature gradient
Authors: Zhang Shengnan , Wang Hai , Xu Duigong , Yang Wenxiao , Tang Ping , Bin Yuezhen 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe crystallization behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and transcrystallization in carbon fiber (CF)/PVDF composite were investigated under a temperature gradient. The crystallization temperature (Tc) was controlled in the range of 110–180 °C. For neat PVDF, the results showed that exclusive γ phase formed at Tc above 164 °C, but coexisted with α phase at Tc ranging from 137 to 160 °C. The promotion of γ phase to nucleation of α phase at low Tc was observed for the first time. For CF/PVDF composite, a cylindrical transcrystalline (TC) layer formed on the surface of CF when Tc was between 137 and 172 °C. The TC layer was exclusively composed of γ phase at Tc above 164 °C. The hybrid nucleation was dominated by γ phase though some α phase nuclei emerged on the surface of CF when Tc was in the range of 144–160 °C. As Tc decreased, competition between the hybrid nucleation of α and γ phase became more intense. The γ phase nuclei was soon circumscribed by the rapidly developed α phase when Tc was below 144 °C. Furthermore, some α phase nuclei were induced at the surface of the γ phase TC layer, and developed into α phase TC layer when Tc was in the range of 146–156 °C, which resulted in a doubled TC layer of α and γ phase at the interface of the composite. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43605.
Silk route to the acceptance and re‐implementation of bacteriophage therapy
Authors:   Expert round table on acceptance and re‐implementation of bacteriophage therapy
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis multidisciplinary expert panel opinion on bacteriophage therapy has been written in the context of a society that is confronted with an ever‐increasing number of antibiotic resistant bacteria. To avoid the return to a pre‐antibiotic era, alternative treatments are urgently needed. The authors aim to contribute to the opinion formation of relevant stakeholders on how to potentially develop an infrastructure and legislation that paves the way for the acceptance and re‐implementation of bacteriophage therapy.
Balance between von Willebrand factor and ADAMTS13 following major partial hepatectomy
Authors: Groeneveld D J , Alkozai E M , Adelmeijer J , Porte R J , Lisman T 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background
Conventional coagulation tests are frequently prolonged after liver surgery, suggesting a postoperative bleeding tendency. At the same time, thrombotic complications following partial hepatectomy (PH) are not uncommon. Little is known about changes in the platelet adhesive protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) and its cleaving protease a disintegrin and metalloprotease with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) following a PH.

Methods
Plasma samples were collected before and after PH and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD), and from 24 healthy individuals. Plasma levels of VWF and ADAMTS13, VWF activity and VWF-dependent platelet adhesion were measured, and compared between the groups.

Results
Median (i.q.r.) VWF levels increased more after PH (17 patients) than following PPPD (10), reaching the highest level on postoperative day (POD) 3 (570 (473–656) versus 354 (305–476) per cent respectively; P = 0·009). VWF levels remained raised on POD 30. A decrease in median (i.q.r.) ADAMTS13 activity was observed for both patient groups, reaching the lowest level on POD 7 (24 (16–32) versus 38 (23–66) per cent for PH and PPPD respectively; P = 0·049), and levels remained significantly reduced at POD 30. VWF activity was significantly higher on day 7 following PH compared with PPPD (median (i.q.r.) 517 (440–742) versus 385 (322–484) per cent respectively; P = 0·009), and remained increased at POD 30. VWF-dependent platelet adhesion under conditions of flow was increased until POD 30 in patients after PH and PPPD, but was more pronounced in the PH group.

Conclusion
There are changes in the balance between VWF and ADAMTS13 levels and activity in patients after both PH and PPPD. Changes in the VWF–ADAMTS13 axis were more pronounced and of longer duration after PH than following PPPD.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as an indicator of the malignant behaviour of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Okamura Y , Sugiura T , Ito T , Yamamoto Y , Ashida R , Mori K , Uesaka K 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background
The preoperative serum neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been associated with survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it is still unclear what the NLR reflects precisely. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the NLR and TNM stage, and the role of NLR as a prognostic factor after liver resection for HCC.

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent liver resection as initial treatment for HCC. The best cut-off value of serum NLR was determined, and overall survival was compared among patients grouped according to TNM stage (I, II and III).

Results
The best cut-off value for NLR was 2·8. A high preoperative NLR was more frequently associated with poor overall survival than a low preoperative NLR after resection for TNM stage I tumours (5-year survival 45·0 versus 76·4 per cent, P &lt; 0·001), but not stage II (P = 0·283) or stage III (P = 0·155) tumours. Among patients with TNM stage I disease, the proportion of patients with extrahepatic recurrence was greater in the group with a high preoperative NLR than in the low-NLR group (P = 0·006). In multivariable analysis, preoperative NLR was the strongest independent prognostic risk factor for overall survival in TNM stage I (hazard ratio 2·69, 95 per cent c.i. 1·57 to 4·59; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Preoperative NLR was an important prognostic factor for TNM stage I HCC after liver resection with curative intent. These results suggest that the NLR may reflect the malignant potential of HCC.
Role of bone scan in addition to CT in patients with breast cancer selected for systemic staging
Authors: McCartan D P , Prichard R S , MacDermott R J , Rothwell J , Geraghty J , Evoy D , Quinn C M , Skehan S J , O'Doherty A , McDermott E W 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background
The majority of women with breast cancer present with localized disease. The optimal strategy for identifying patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the additional diagnostic yield from isotope bone scanning when added to CT staging of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis (CT-TAP) in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.

Methods
All patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent staging CT-TAP and bone scan between 2011 and 2013 were identified from a prospective database of a tertiary referral breast cancer centre that provides a symptomatic and population-based screening breast service. Criteria for staging included: biopsy-proven axillary nodal metastases; planned neoadjuvant chemotherapy or mastectomy; locally advanced or inflammatory breast cancer and symptoms suggestive of metastases.

Results
A total of 631 patients underwent staging by CT-TAP and bone scan. Of these, 69 patients (10·9 per cent) had distant metastasis at presentation, with disease confined to a single organ in 49 patients (71 per cent) and 20 (29 per cent) having metastatic deposits in multiple organs. Bone metastasis was the most common site; 39 of 49 patients had bone metastasis alone and 12 had a single isolated metastatic deposit. All but two of these were to the axial skeleton. No preoperative histological factors identified a cohort of patients at risk of metastatic disease. Omission of the bone scan in systemic staging would have resulted in a false-negative rate of 0·8 per cent.

Conclusion
For patients diagnosed with breast cancer, CT-TAP is a satisfactory stand-alone investigation for systemic staging.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of ductoscopy in patients with pathological nipple discharge
Authors: Waaijer L , Simons J M , Borel Rinkes I H M , van Diest P J , Verkooijen H M , Witkamp A J 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background
Invasive surgery remains the standard for diagnosis of pathological nipple discharge (PND). Only a minority of patients with nipple discharge and an unsuspicious finding on conventional breast imaging have cancer. Ductoscopy is a minimally invasive alternative for evaluation of PND. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ductoscopy in patients with PND.

Methods
A systematic search of electronic databases for studies addressing ductoscopy in patients with PND was conducted. Two classification systems were assessed. For DSany, all visualized ductoscopic abnormalities were classified as positive, whereas for DSsusp, only suspicious findings were considered positive. After checking heterogeneity, pooled sensitivity and specificity of DSany and DSsusp were calculated.

Results
The search yielded 4642 original citations, of which 20 studies were included in the review. Malignancy rates varied from 0 to 27 per cent. Twelve studies, including 1994 patients, were eligible for meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of DSany were 94 (95 per cent c.i. 88 to 97) per cent and 47 (44 to 49) per cent respectively. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of DSsusp were 50 (36 to 64) and 83 (81 to 86) per cent respectively. Heterogeneity between studies was moderate to large for sensitivity (DSany: I2 = 17·5 per cent; DSsusp: I2 = 37·9 per cent) and very large for specificity (DSany: I2 = 96·8 per cent; DSsusp: I2 = 92·6 per cent).

Conclusion
Ductoscopy detects about 94 per cent of all underlying malignancies in patients with PND, but does not permit reliable discrimination between malignant and benign findings.
Deficits in Visual System Functional Connectivity after Blast‐Related Mild TBI are Associated with Injury Severity and Executive Dysfunction
Authors: Gilmore Casey S. , Camchong Jazmin , Davenport Nicholas D. , Nelson Nathaniel W. , Kardon Randy H. , Lim Kelvin O. , Sponheim Scott R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionApproximately, 275,000 American service members deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan have sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), with 75% of these incidents involving an explosive blast. Visual processing problems and cognitive dysfunction are common complaints following blast‐related mTBI.MethodsIn 127 veterans, we examined resting fMRI functional connectivity (FC) of four key nodes within the visual system: lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), primary visual cortex (V1), lateral occipital gyrus (LO), and fusiform gyrus (FG). Regression analyses were performed (i) to obtain correlations between time‐series from each seed and all voxels in the brain, and (ii) to identify brain regions in which FC variability was related to blast mTBI severity. Blast‐related mTBI severity was quantified as the sum of the severity scores assigned to each of the three most significant blast‐related injuries self‐reported by subjects. Correlations between FC and performance on executive functioning tasks were performed across participants with available behavioral data (n = 94).ResultsGreater blast mTBI severity scores were associated with lower FC between: (A) LGN seed and (i) medial frontal gyrus, (ii) lingual gyrus, and (iii) right ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus; (B) V1 seed and precuneus; (C) LO seed and middle and superior frontal gyri; (D) FG seed and (i) superior and medial frontal gyrus, and (ii) left middle frontal gyrus. Finally, lower FC between visual network regions and frontal cortical regions predicted worse performance on the WAIS digit‐symbol coding task.ConclusionThese are the first published results that directly illustrate the relationship between blast‐related mTBI severity, visual pathway neural networks, and executive dysfunction – results that highlight the detrimental relationship between blast‐related brain injury and the integration of visual sensory input and executive processes.
Outcome of patients with nonmetastatic muscle‐invasive bladder cancer not undergoing cystectomy after treatment with noncisplatin‐based chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Bamias Aristotle , Tsantoulis Petros , Zilli Thomas , Papatsoris Athanasios , Caparrotti Francesca , Kyratsas Christos , Tzannis Kimon , Stravodimos Kostas , Chrisofos Michael , Wirth Gregory J. , Skolarikos Andreas , Mitropoulos Dionysios , Constantinides Constantinos A. , Deliveliotis Charalambos , Iselin Christophe E. , Miralbell Raymond , Dietrich Pierre‐Yves , Dimopoulos Meletios A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTransurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combinations can be used in patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) not undergoing cystectomy. Nevertheless, unfitness for cystectomy is frequently associated with unfitness for other therapeutic modalities. We report the outcome of patients with MIBC who did not undergo cystectomy and did not receive cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. Selection criteria for the study were nonmetastatic MIBC, no cystectomy, no cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy should have been used aside from TURBT. Forty‐nine patients (median age 79), managed between April 2001 and January 2012, were included in this analysis. Median Charlson Comorbidity Index was 5, while 76% were unfit for cisplatin. Treatment included radiotherapy (n = 7), carboplatin‐based chemotherapy (n = 25), carboplatin‐based chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (n = 10), and radiochemotherapy (n = 7). Five‐year event‐free rate was 26% (standard error [SE] = 7) for overall survival, 23% (SE = 7) for progression‐free survival, and 30 (SE = 8) for cancer‐specific survival (CSS). Patients who were treated with combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy had significantly longer CSS compared to those treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy only (5‐year CSS rate: 16% [SE 8] vs. 63% [SE 15], P = 0.053). Unfit‐for‐cystectomy patients frequently receive suboptimal nonsurgical treatment. Their outcome was poor. Combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy produced better outcomes and should be prospectively evaluated.
The actin‐binding ERM protein Moesin directly regulates spindle assembly and function during mitosis
Authors: Vilmos Péter , Kristó Ildikó , Szikora Szilárd , Jankovics Ferenc , Lukácsovich Tamás , Kari Beáta , Erdélyi Miklós 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEzrin‐Radixin‐Moesin proteins are highly conserved, actin‐binding cytoskeletal proteins that play an essential role in microvilli formation, T‐cell activation, and tumor metastasis by linking actin filaments to the plasma membrane. Recent studies demonstrated that the only Ezrin‐Radixin‐Moesin protein of Drosophila melanogaster, Moesin, is involved in mitotic spindle function through stabilizing cell shape and microtubules at the cell cortex. We previously observed that Moesin localizes to the mitotic spindle; hence, we tested for the biological significance of this surprising localization and investigated whether it plays a direct role in spindle function. To separate the cortical and spindle functions of Moesin during mitosis we combined cell biological and genetic methods. We used early Drosophila embryos, in which mitosis occurs in the absence of a cell cortex, and found in vivo evidence for the direct requirement of Moesin in mitotic spindle assembly and function. We also found that the accumulation of Moesin precedes the construction of the microtubule spindle, and the fusiform structure formed by Moesin persists even after the microtubules have disassembled.
High‐Valent‐Cobalt‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization Based on Concerted Metalation–Deprotonation and Single‐Electron‐Transfer Mechanisms
Authors: Wei Donghui , Zhu Xinju , Niu Jun‐Long , Song Mao‐Ping 
Published: March 2016

AbstractC−H functionalization has been established as a powerful strategy for the commercial construction of organic molecules. This review encompasses the most recent advances in C−H activation catalyzed by earth‐abundant cobalt complexes, involving two types of fundamental reaction paths, that is, the concerted metalation–deprotonation (CMD) path associated with non‐oxidative C−H activation and the intermolecular single‐electron‐transfer (SET) path. Transformations catalyzed by high‐valent cobalt based on the two mechanisms and used in organic syntheses, including those involving C−C and C−X (X=O and N) bond formation, are herein presented.
Pillared Sn‐MWW Prepared by a Solid‐State‐Exchange Method and its Use as a Lewis Acid Catalyst
Authors: Ren Limin , Guo Qiang , Orazov Marat , Xu Dandan , Politi Dorothea , Kumar Prashant , Alhassan Saeed M. , Mkhoyan K. Andre , Sidiras Dimitrios , Davis Mark E. , Tsapatsis Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPillared Sn‐MWW (Sn‐MWW(SP)‐SSE) was prepared through a solid‐state‐exchange (SSE) route. The pillared structure was inherited from pillared B‐MWW, and Sn was inserted in the framework by boron leaching and solid‐state‐exchange with tin tetrachloride pentahydrate. The Sn‐MWW(SP)‐SSE with framework Sn sites exhibits Lewis acidity and good catalytic performance for the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation, and mono‐ and disaccharide isomerizations.
Helical Nano‐crystallite (HNC) Phases: Chirality Synchronization of Achiral Bent‐Core Mesogens in a New Type of Dark Conglomerates
Authors: Alaasar Mohamed , Prehm Marko , Tschierske Carsten 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSpontaneous generation of macroscopic homochirality in soft matter systems by self‐assembly of exclusively achiral molecules under achiral conditions is a challenging task with relevance for fundamental scientific research and technological applications. Dark conglomerate phases (DC phases), being optically isotropic mesophases composed of conglomerates of macroscopic chiral domains and formed by some non‐chiral bent‐core mesogens, represent such a case. Here we report two new series of non‐symmetric bent‐core molecules capable of forming a new type of mirror symmetry broken DC phases. In the synthesized molecules, a bent 4‐bromoresorcinol core is connected to a phenyl benzoate wing and an azobenzene wing with or without additional peripheral fluorine substitution. The self‐assembly was investigated by DSC, polarizing microscopy, electro‐optical studies and XRD. Chiral and apparently achiral DC phases were observed besides distinct types of lamellar liquid crystalline phases with different degree of polar order, allowing the investigation of the transition from smectic to DC phases. This indicates a process in which increased packing density at first gives rise to restricted rotation and thus to growing polar order, which then leads to chirality synchronization, layer frustration and nano‐scale crystallization. Topological constraints arising from the twisted packing of helical conformers in lamellar crystals is proposed to lead to amorphous solids composed of helical nano‐crystallites with short coherence length (HNC phases). This is considered as a third major type of DC phases, distinct from the previously known liquid crystalline sponge phases and the helical nano‐filament phases (HNF phases). Guidelines for the molecular design of new materials capable of self‐assembly into these three types of DC phases are proposed.
Bimetallic Gold(I) Complexes with Ethynyl‐Helicene and Bis‐Phosphole Ligands: Understanding the Role of Aurophilic Interactions in their Chiroptical Properties
Authors: El Sayed Moussa Mehdi , Chen Hui , Wang Zuoyong , Srebro‐Hooper Monika , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Chevance Soizic , Roussel Christian , Williams J. A. Gareth , Autschbach Jochen , Réau Régis , Duan Zheng , Lescop Christophe , Crassous Jeanne 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMonometallic gold(I)‐alkynyl‐helicene complexes (1 a,b) and bimetallic gold(I)‐alkynyl‐helicene architectures featuring the presence (2 a,b) or absence (3 a,b) of aurophilic intramolecular interactions were prepared by using different types of phosphole ligands (mono‐phosphole L1 or bis‐phospholes L2,3). The influence of the AuI d10 metal center(s) on the electronic, photophysical, and chiroptical properties of these unprecedented phosphole‐gold(I)‐alkynyl‐helicene complexes was examined. Experimental and theoretical results highlight the importance of ligand‐to‐ligand‐type charge transfers and the strong effect of the presence or absence of AuI–AuI interactions in 2 a,b.
Several Enantiopure Chiral Building Blocks Derived from D‐Mannose and a Formal Synthesis of Dubiusamine C
Authors: Tan Dongxing , Xu Murong , Xu Zejun , Wu Yikang , You Jun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSeveral multi‐functional chiral building blocks derived from D‐mannose are developed, which may find diverse utilities as sources of 1‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl structural units in enantioselective synthesis of many natural products. A formal synthesis of natural dubiusamine‐C is also presented.