bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Study of the Formation of Atmospheric Aerosol Precursors Under Ambient Conditions: A Case Study of the Interaction Between Sea Salt, Water, and Sulfuric Acid Molecules
Authors: Vadgama Dhyani , Srivastava Rohit , Shinde Satyam 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCluster formation has significant implications in atmospheric science and environmental chemistry. These clusters are characterized by complex interactions between their constituents, which influence their structure, stability, and growth. Experimental investigations are difficult for the initial stages of prenucleation cluster formation, which leads to larger aerosols. To understand the formation of clusters, the interactions between sea salts (NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2), water, and sulfuric acid molecules have been investigated. Each step has been comprehensively examined and thermodynamic parameters have been computed using DLPNO‐CCSD(T)/CBS//M06‐2X/6‐311++G(3df,3pd) to find the stabilities of the molecular complexes. Among all complexes, the binding energies of cluster (SS)1(W)1(SA)3 are found to be the lowest due to the formation of HCl, hydrogen bonding, and weak van der Waal forces. Sea salts have shown a more favorable interaction with H2SO4 compared to H2O molecules. The addition of H2SO4 increases the reactivity of the cluster (SS)1(W)n, while the addition of H2O molecules reduces the reactivity of the cluster (SS)1(SA)n. However, further addition of H2SO4 or H2O to the existing cluster (SS)1(W)n(SA)n increases the free energy of formation. Furthermore, the influence of temperature was also investigated, suggesting that complex formation is slightly more favorable at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. The negative values of thermodynamic parameters indicate, that these complexes are spontaneous and exothermic over the colder regions.
Programmable Activation of Quantum Emitters in High‐Purity Silicon with Focused Carbon Ion Beams
Authors: Hollenbach M. , Klingner N. , Mazarov P. , Pilz W. , Nadzeyka A. , Mayer F. , Abrosimov N. V. , Bischoff L. , Hlawacek G. , Helm M. , Astakhov G. V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarbon implantation at the nanoscale is highly desired for the engineering of defect‐based qubits in a variety of materials, including silicon, diamond, silicon carbide (SiC) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). However, the lack of focused carbon ion beams does not allow for the full disclosure of their potential for application in quantum technologies. Here, a carbon source for focused ion beams is developed and utilized for the simultaneous creation of two types of quantum emitters in silicon, the W and G centers. Furthermore, a multi‐step implantation protocol is applied for the programmable activation of the G centers with a spatial resolution better than 250 nm. This approach provides a route for significant enhancement of the creation yield of single G centers in carbon‐free silicon wafers, including commercial silicon‐on‐insulator wafers. The experimental demonstration is an important step toward nanoscale engineering of telecom quantum emitters in silicon of high crystalline quality and isotope purity.
Causal Inference Over a Subpopulation: The Effect of Malaria Vaccine in Women During Pregnancy
Authors: Hu Zonghui , Follmann Dean 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPreventing malaria during pregnancy is of critical importance, yet there are no approved malaria vaccines for pregnant women due to lack of efficacy results within this population. Conducting a randomized trial in pregnant women throughout the entire duration of pregnancy is impractical. Instead, a randomized trial was conducted among women of childbearing potential (WOCBP), and some participants became pregnant during the 2‐year study. We explore a statistical method for estimating vaccine effect within the target subpopulation—women who can naturally become pregnant, namely, women who can become pregnant under a placebo condition—within the causal inference framework. Two vaccine effect estimators are employed to effectively utilize baseline characteristics and account for the fact that certain baseline characteristics were only available from pregnant participants. The first estimator considers all participants but can only utilize baseline variables collected from the entire participant pool. In contrast, the second estimator, which includes only pregnant participants, utilizes all available baseline information. Both estimators are evaluated numerically through simulation studies and applied to the WOCBP trial to assess vaccine effect against pregnancy malaria.
FTIR Reveals Novel Insights into 5‐FU and Carmofur's Impact on Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Kalkandelen Cevriye , Kalındemirtaş Ferdane Danışman , Shawuti Shalima , Korkut Işık Neslişah , Üstündağ Hilal , Gunduz Oğuzhan , Kuruca Serap Erdem 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effects of 5‐FU, and its derivate Carmofur (Car) on MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells, were examined using FTIR. Both drugs showed a similar response in the protein and nucleic acid region of MCF‐7 but opposite results in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Under the influence of the drugs, the absorption intensity of the proteins decreased in MCF‐7, while it increased in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. The rate of change was higher in Car. In the fingerprint region, both cells showed the opposite effect. Although the intensity of absorbance in MCF‐7 increased with 5‐FU and Car, a decrease was measured in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. An exception in the nucleic acid region was the peak assigned to the asymmetric PO2 peaks in RNAs. Although a specific marker for apoptotic cells, ester‐carbonyl binding, appeared in MCF‐7 cells with 5‐FU and Car at 1745 cm−1, this binding was not seen in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. The amide I region of the cells was analyzed using the second derivative spectrum. This study aimed to use FTIR spectroscopy to evaluate the response of two different tumor cells to chemotherapy and to provide a clinical prognosis.
An Overview of Structural Framework and Classification of Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Mukherjee Monalisa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRadiopharmaceuticals constitute the backbone of nuclear medicine research and have been commonly used in diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy. In the past, there has been a strong emphasis on the meticulous design and development of radiotheranostics for targeted molecular imaging and therapy of different types of tumors. Theranostic radiopharmaceuticals offer synergistic advantages of simultaneous molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy all in one molecule. Owing to their successful pre‐clinical and clinical applications, many new theranostic radiopharmaceuticals have been explored in recent years. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the design and the structural framework of theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. In this review, we have primarily focused on the different types of chelating agents, linkers, and radionuclides used for the development of potential radiotheranostics. In addition, this review also summarizes the classification and the different categories of theranostic radiopharmaceuticals such as molecular radiotheranostics and nano‐radiotheranostics along with their pre‐clinical and clinical theranostic applications. The recent developments and the theranostic applications of small molecule‐based radiotheranostics, antibody‐based radiotheranostics, peptide‐based radiotheranostics, and nanoparticle‐based radiotheranostics have also been reviewed for inspiring research efforts towards the development of efficient radiotheranostics.
Co‐rumination and intrapersonal cognitive processes predict distress: Longitudinal evidence from the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kowalsky Jennifer M. , Mitchell Amanda M. , Okdie Bradley M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPerseverative thinking and catastrophizing have well established associations with fear and distress. However, less is known about the impact of interpersonal dynamics, such as co‐rumination, on these intrapersonal cognitive processes and subsequent stress. The present study addresses this knowledge gap. A sample of 433 adults from across the United States was recruited online and completed measures of co‐rumination, perseverative thinking, catastrophizing, and demographic characteristics early in the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the COVID Stress Scales (CSS) at six month follow up. Co‐rumination, perseverative thinking, catastrophizing, and CSS scores were correlated in the expected direction. Regression analyses revealed all three independently predicted CSS worry about the dangerousness of COVID‐19 subscale. Co‐rumination was the strongest predictor of CSS worry about the socioeconomic impact and CSS compulsive checking scales. Perseverative thinking and catastrophizing predicted CSS traumatic stress symptoms subscale. Finally, perseverative thinking was the strongest predictor of CSS xenophobia subscale. Structural equation modelling indicated that co‐rumination had a significant indirect effect on CSS scores through perseverative thinking and catastrophizing. Interpersonal dynamics, such as co‐rumination, are relevant for understanding stress and are promising targets for intervention research to prevent or attenuate fears and distress, in addition to traditional intrapersonal cognitive processes such as perseverative thinking and catastrophizing.
Are accelerators akin to breweries or wineries? A Bayesian variance decomposition of accelerator and cohort effects
Authors: Avnimelech Gil , Dushnitsky Gary , Ellsaesser Florian , Fitza Markus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryThe literature on startup accelerators uncovers multiple factors associated with accelerators’ advantages. Yet, we have a limited understanding of the relative magnitude of these factors. We ask: Are accelerators akin to breweries, where quality is mainly a function of the institution of origin (i.e., brewery for beer, accelerator for startups); or are they similar to wineries, where quality varies across cohorts (i.e., for a given winery, some vintages are of higher quality)? We explore this question using data from 1,350 tech‐startups graduating from dozens of accelerators in a global technology hub. A Bayesian hierarchical variance decomposition approach is introduced to account for the highly‐skewed zero‐inflated distribution in startups’ performance. We find that a notable fraction of startup performance is due to vintage; within‐accelerator, cross‐cohort variation.Managerial SummaryStartup accelerators (i.e., short‐term programs designed to help startups grow) are highly popular, with dozens of accelerators operating around the globe. Our focus is on accelerator programs aimed at catapulting technology ventures towards high growth. We ask: Are accelerators akin to breweries, where quality is mainly a function of the institution of origin (i.e., brewery for beer, accelerator for startups); or are they similar to wineries, where quality also varies across cohorts (i.e., for a given winery, some vintages are of higher quality)? A Bayesian hierarchical variance decomposition approach isused to study data from a global technology hub, detailing the performance of hundreds of startups that graduated across multiple accelerators. We find that a significant portion of startup success is linked to cohort‐specific factors within accelerators, highlighting the role of timing and dynamics of each accelerator cohort.
Enhanced Hydrophilicity of DAAQ‐TFP COFs via Sulfonate Modification for Air Water Harvesting in Arid Environment
Authors: Liu Yueli , Zhu Yuhao , Mao Qingyu , Chen Wen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe poor ability of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) based adsorbents at low relative humidity (RH) conditions limits their applications for air‐water harvesting in arid environments. In the present work, the sulfonated COFs (DAAQ‐TFP‐SO3H@LiCl) composites are prepared through the functionalization of sulfonic acid and LiCl composite to improve its hydrophilicity. TheDAAQ‐TFP‐SO3H@LiCl composites exhibit a good adsorption performance, outperforming many other COF adsorbents developed so far. It can absorb 0.22 ± 0.005 g g−1 and 1.01 ± 0.027 g g−1 of water at room temperature under 20% RH and 90% RH, respectively while demonstrating good cyclic stability. Compared with the isotherm of the DAAQ‐TFP, the introduction of the sulfonic acid group shifts the inflection point of the water isotherm toward low humidity, indicating that the sulfonic acid group effectively expends the working humidity range of the adsorbent and enables the effective water adsorption in an arid environment. Furthermore, the DAAQ‐TFP‐SO3H@LiCl composites display rapid kinetics during both the adsorption and desorption processes, reaching saturation within 60 min in the equilibrium adsorption test and completing desorption within 12 min at 50 °C. This innovative approach provides a new method for designing adsorbent materials with low energy input requirements and high daily water consumption capabilities.
Boosting Acidic Hydrogen Evolution Kinetics Induced by Weak Strain Effect in PdPt Alloy for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Chi Kebin , Qiao Liang , Gao Peng , Li Zhenhao , Guo Xiaoyan , Li Zhong , Cao Dong , Cheng Daojian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStrain engineering is an effective strategy for manipulating the electronic structure of active sites and altering the binding strength toward adsorbates during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the effects of weak and strong strain engineering on the HER catalytic activity have not been fully explored. Herein, the core‐shell PdPt alloys with two‐layer Pt shells (PdPt2L) and multi‐layer Pt shells (PdPtML) is constructed, which exhibit distinct lattice strains. Notably, PdPt2L with weak strain effect just requires a low overpotential of 18 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2 for the HER and shows the superior long‐term stability for 510 h with negligible activity degradation in 0.5 M H2SO4. The intrinsic activity of PdPt2L is 6.2 and 24.5 times higher than that of PdPtML and commercial Pt/C, respectively. Furthermore, PdPt2L||IrO2 exhibits superior activity over Pt/C||IrO2 in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers and maintains stable operation for 100 h at large current density of 500 mA cm−2. In situ/operando measurements verify that PdPt2L exhibits lower apparent activation energy and accelerated ad‐/desorption kinetics, benefiting from the weak strain effect. Density functional theory calculations also reveal that PdPt2L displays weaker H* adsorption energy compared to PdPtML, favoring for H* desorption and promoting H2 generation.
A Survey on Mobile Digital Forensic: Taxonomy, Tools, and Challenges
Authors: Patel Bhavini , Mann Palvinder Singh 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTModern time largely rely on mobile gadgets as a means of communication, and entertainment. These gadgets now plays a vital role in forensic analysis and criminal investigations as it store a plethora of private and sensitive data. Investigating feasible digital incidents and preserving mobile device security became crucial as the proliferation of mobile devices continues to influence modern society. In this survey; mobile threats, investigative process models for mobile forensics, evidence sources, forensics tools, and field problems are all covered in‐depth. Further, a comprehensive analysis examining the capabilities, features, and efficiency of available distinct mobile forensic tools namely Belkasoft, MOBILedit, and Magnet AXIOM for retrieving, analyzing, and presenting digital evidence is being presented. The objective of the study is to assist forensic investigators in choosing the best tool for specific investigations. The findings of our study reveals the complexity of mobile operating systems, investigative process supported with sources of evidence, and forensic tools which makes it clear that the area of mobile forensics is dynamic and require modern skill adaptation along and innovative development in future. Finally, the study presents current challenges encountered during mobile forensic investigations as researchers can enhance their procedures and tactics for mobile device examination and evidence extraction by fostering a greater knowledge of the difficulties involved in mobile forensics.
An Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm with Adaptive Fitness‐Distance Balance
Authors: Hou Chunzhi , Lei Zhenyu , Zhang Baohang , Yuan Zijing , Wang Rong‐Long , Gao Shangce 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhale optimization algorithm (WOA) is a new bio‐meta‐heuristic algorithm presented to simulate the predatory humpback whales' behavior in the ocean. In previous studies, WOA has been observed to exhibit lower accuracy and slower convergence rates. In this paper, we propose an improved the WOA by innovatively incorporating an adaptive fitness‐distance balance strategy, namely AFWOA. AFWOA can continuously and efficiently identify the maximum potential candidate solutions from the population within the search process, thus improving the accuracy rate and convergence speed of the algorithm. Through various experiments in IEEE CEC2017 and an ill‐conditional problem, AFWOA is proven to be more competitive than the original WOA, several other state‐of‐the‐art WOA variants and other four classic meta‐heuristic algorithms. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Enhancing trauma care in Ukraine amid conflict: A successful implementation of the modified advanced trauma life support course in an active war zone
Authors: Dzhemiliev Ali , Lienau Beck , Melnitchouk Nelya , Schmid Alexis , Loevinsohn Gideon , Lopatniuk Oleksii , Carton‐Rossen Noah , Sydlowski Meaghan , Darnytskyi Anton , Murray Kathleen , Kushner Olha , Strong Jonathan , Martin Lindsey , Ali Javed , Roberts John , Mooney David , Hochman Beth , Owens Mike , Sidhwa Feroze , Rudas Ivan , Hvozd Vladyslav , Aksenkova Susanna , Mazurenko Oleg V. , Kliukach Kyrylo , Kivlehan Sean M. , Anderson Geoffrey A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundFollowing the 2022 Russian invasion, Ukraine's healthcare system suffered extensive damage, with over 1000 medical facilities destroyed, exacerbating the trauma care crisis. The absence of standardized trauma training left Ukrainian healthcare providers ill‐equipped to manage the surge in trauma cases amid conflict. To bridge this gap, we implemented advanced trauma life support (ATLS) courses in Ukraine amid active warfare, aiming to enhance trauma care expertise among healthcare professionals.MethodsA consortium, including the International Medical Corps, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, and others, responded to a request from the Ukrainian Ministry of Health. The ATLS curriculum, translated into Ukrainian, guided the training, with US‐based instructors sent to Ukraine for teaching. Despite logistical challenges, such as missile attacks and curfews, the courses ran in multiple Ukrainian cities over 3 months. Course effectiveness was evaluated through pre‐ and post‐course knowledge tests, self‐efficacy surveys, and satisfaction assessments.ResultsTen ATLS courses trained 213 Ukrainian healthcare providers across five deployments. Significant improvements in knowledge scores (p < 0.05) and enhanced self‐reported confidence in trauma management were observed. Notably, no casualties were reported among instructors or students, highlighting program safety despite security challenges.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates successful ATLS course implementation in an active war zone, filling a critical gap in trauma education in Ukraine. Despite challenges, the program significantly enhanced participants' trauma care knowledge and confidence. Collaboration between international and local partners was pivotal. This model can serve as a valuable framework for trauma education globally, improving outcomes in conflict zones and resource‐limited settings.
Functional diversification process of opsin genes for teleost visual and pineal photoreceptions
Authors: Fujiyabu Chihiro , Gyoja Fuki , Sato Keita , Kawano-Yamashita Emi , Ohuchi Hideyo , Kusakabe Takehiro G. , Yamashita Takahiro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMost vertebrates have a rhodopsin gene with a five-exon structure for visual photoreception. By contrast, teleost fishes have an intron-less rhodopsin gene for visual photoreception and an intron-containing rhodopsin (exo-rhodopsin) gene for pineal photoreception. Here, our analysis of non-teleost and teleost fishes in various lineages of the Actinopterygii reveals that retroduplication after branching of the Polypteriformes produced the intron-less rhodopsin gene for visual photoreception, which converted the parental intron-containing rhodopsin gene into a pineal opsin in the common ancestor of the Teleostei. Additional analysis of a pineal opsin, pinopsin, shows that the pinopsin gene functions as a green-sensitive opsin together with the intron-containing rhodopsin gene for pineal photoreception in tarpon as an evolutionary intermediate state but is missing in other teleost fishes, probably because of the redundancy with the intron-containing rhodopsin gene. We propose an evolutionary scenario where unique retroduplication caused a “domino effect” on the functional diversification of teleost visual and pineal opsin genes.
Evaluating productivity characteristics of laser engineered net shaping titanium alloy
Authors: Polishetty Ashwin , Bolar Gururaj , Nomani Junior , Littelfair Guy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdvances in Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies have made it possible to reduce the design and prototyping costs to a minimum especially for a low-productivity material like titanium. Titanium alloys are commonly and widely used alloys in the aerospace and biomedical sector due to their advantageous material properties. This paper is an evaluation study of factors affecting the productivity characteristics of Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4 V) using face milling. Some of the productivity challenges associated with titanium such as rapid tool wear, poor surface finish, and high-power consumption are explored in this paper. All materials processed using AM face the same critical problem that the manufactured part requires a post machining since AM produces relatively poor surface finish. Machining trials are conducted using the combinations of machining parameters such as spindle speed of 800 and 1600 rev/min; feed rate of 50 and 100 mm/min; and a constant depth of cut of 1 mm, respectively. Titanium being a poor thermal conductivity material, the effect of coolant was investigated using wet/dry machining. Data related to the productivity factors and material behavior under a milling trial was recorded and analyzed. The obtained data from the trials include productivity factors such as Metal Removal Rate (MRR), power consumed, and the surface finish for each plate/trial. The power consumed in dry milling was observed to be lower than that in wet milling which is contrary to the observations from conventional wet milling. The paper concludes the trends observed for LENS titanium are opposed to the trends in conventional machining such as increasing cutting speed will result in lower cutting force and power consumed.