bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontological and Epistemological Discourse(s) on Sustainable Development: Perspective on Sierra Leone in The Aftermath of a Decade of Civil Unrest
Authors: Abraham Emerson 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article addresses philosophical discourses (ontology and epistemology), framing researchers’ position on topical issues relating to sustainable development, particularly in relation to Sierra Leone. The country is a nation full of memories; that which has brought lasting pain in the minds of people and the use of philosophical concepts has helped to throw light on areas pertaining to the country’s scope for achieving its SDGs, while at the same time, engaging with the reality of issues through open discourses. Relevant methodologies have also been addressed with the hope of bringing to the fore ontological discourses required to foster epistemic dialogue for the sustained development of the country as a whole (more so in areas like health calamities and civil crisis the country have battled itself with in the past decade). Relevant recommended points have been proposed as a way of supporting forward thinking discourses in ensuring the country is able to progress well with its planned SDGs targets.
Przyczyny stresu u pacjentów dializowanych / The reasons of stress in dialyzed patients
Authors: Mianowana Violetta , Sałgut Anna , Mianowana Kinga , Czekirda Marta , Bednarek Anna , Nalepa Dorota , Czekirda Noemi 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Introduction. Patient with chronic renal failure and in need of renal replacement therapy is exposed to stress. The chronic disease reduces or even prevents meeting the psychosocial needs. There are also many other factors which intensify the stress. Their identification is an important element of finding remedies and giving effective support to patients.
Aim. The aim of an article is to find causes of dialyzed patients’ stress.
Material and methods. There were examined 100 patients suffering from renal failures, using a questionnaire survey designed by the authors. The findings were analyzed statistically. A homogeneity test looking at unrelated quality characteristics was used for checking whether there were any differences between compared groups of patients.
Results. Seventy-four percent of patients pointed to the fact that they were stressed by the new situation. The necessity of altering their lifestyle was mentioned by 84% of respondents. Almost a half of patients (41%) had to quit their jobs. Almost one out of three felt discriminated by the society against their renal replacement therapy.
Conclusions. The findings of this research suggest that renal replacement therapy can become a direct source of stress among patients. Moreover, patients feel stressed because of necessity of changing their lifestyles and giving up their jobs. There is a relationship between the attitude of the closest people and patients’ needs for support.
Thyrocytes as the Target Cells for Hhv-6 Infection in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis / Tireocīti Kā Cilvēka Herpesvīrusa-6 Infekcijas Mēríšūnas Pacientiem Ar Autoimūno Tireoidītu
Authors: Sultanova Alina , Èistjakovs Maksims , Cunskis Egils , Todorova Katerina , Russev Russy , Murovska Modra 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is a ubiquitous betaherpesvirus with immunomodulating properties that have been suggested to play an important role in the development of several autoimmune disorders. Although the primary targets for HHV-6 replication, both in vitro and in vivo, are CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, some studies have reported the presence of HHV-6 sequences in different solid organs, including in the thyroid gland, showing possible involvement of this herpesvirus in development of autoimmune thyroid disease. The aim of this study was to determine loads of HHV-6 in thyroid gland tissue in comparison to those in peripheral blood of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Seven patients [women mean age 45 (28-65)] with histologically confirmed autoimmune thyroiditis were enrolled in this study. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to distinguish and sort lymphocyte populations from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients. HHV-6 load was determined by real-time PCR for peripheral blood and thyroid gland tissue samples. Additionally, all results from molecular analyses were compared with histological results obtained by light microscopy. Viral load was detected only in one (46 viral copies/ 1×106cells) blood sample; others were under the detection limit of the used kit. However, in all HHV-6 positive tissue samples viral load was detected in the range of 132-1620 viral copies/106 cells. Substantial HHV-6 load in lymphocyte subpopulations was detected in two of seven patients. HHV-6 load was detected in NK and CD95+ cells of two patients. The obtained results show that thyroid gland cells (tyrocytes) act as target cells for HHV-6.
Effect of Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7 Infection on the Clinical Course of Rheumatoid Arthritis / Cilvēka Herpesvīrusa 6 Un 7 Infekcijas Ietekme Uz Reimatoīdā Artrīta Klīnisko Gaitu
Authors: Kadiša Anda , Nora-Krūkle Zaiga , Kozireva Svetlana , Svirskis Simons , Studers Pēteris , Groma Valērija , Lejnieks Aivars , Murovska Modra 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting joints and causing symmetrical chronic progressive aseptic synovitis and erosive-destructive changes. Viruses and viral infections are considered to be the main risk factors for autoimmune disease development (especially for individuals with genetic predisposition). The goal of this study was to evaluate the frequency of HHV-6 and HHV-7 persistent infection and its activity phase in RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and healthy persons. We examined also the influence of HHV-6 and -7 infections on RA activity, aggressiveness, radiographical stage, and frequency of complications as well as the presence of HHV-6 infection markers in synovial fluid and synovial tissues of RA joints of affected patients. Despite the lack of significant correlation between frequency of persistent single HHV-6, single HHV-7, and concurrent HHV-6 and HHV-7 infection and RA clinical course, we found that both active and latent HHV-6 and/or HHV-7 infection increased RA activity and progression in several clinical and laboratory parameters. Regarding the severity of the course of RA, we observed also a high prevalence of RA complications in the patient group with active single HHV-6 infection and also a more severe radiographical stage in RA patients with active concurrent HHV-6 and HHV-7 infection. Moreover, viral infection markers were found in synovial fluid and synovial tissues of affected joints of RA patients. This suggests that HHV-6 and/or HHV-7 infection has effect on the disease clinical course, but virus reactivation may be a consequence of immunosuppressive treatment.
What does żeby introduce? Old and new research questions about the Polish żeby complementizer
Authors: Orszulak Marcin 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The article explores the status of żeby-clauses in the Polish mood system. Clauses introduced by the complex complementizer żeby defy a unified description and traditional Polish grammars classify them either as indicative or conditional/subjunctive. The paper provides evidence that żeby-clauses can be classified as irrealis on the basis of their temporal properties. Furthermore, żeby-clauses introduced by non-veridical verbs share affinities with the subjunctive structures in other languages; specifically, they exhibit subjunctive-related phenomena, such as obviation effects. The present discussion also gives more general insights into the traditional mood classification in Polish and its problems.
Importance of arterial stiffness in predicting cardiovascular events
Authors: Ecobici Monica , Voiculescu M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Introduction. Cardiovascular events represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the entire population. Arterial stiffness is currently considered one of the most important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular events. The gold-standard for evaluating arterial stiffness is pulse wave velocity (PWV). Recent studies have demonstrated that PWV is an independent risk factor regarding the development of cardiovascular events, especially in certain categories of patients.

Material and Methods. The development of cardiovascular events was assessed in 174 patients admitted in the Center of Internal Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, between January 2011 – May 2012. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by measuring PWV using the Sphygmocor system (AtCor, Australia), which is based on the principle of applanation tonometry. The patients were monitored for the development of cardiovascular events (ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke, acute myocardial infarction) and for death of cardiovascular cause, over a median period of 51.5 months (43-60 months).

Results. Of the 174 patients, 81 (46.6%) were women and 93 (53.4%) were men. Mean age was 55.96 years. 93 of the 174 patients had chronic kidney failure in different stages (47.3% in stage V). Regarding PWV in the patient group, we obtained a mean score of 9.382. We observed a significant difference regarding the PWV level only for acute myocardial infarction and death between patients who developed these events and those who did not.

Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that PWV increase can be positively associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events, particularly in certain groups of patients
Classification of total nasal obstruction in 10,033 cases by 4-phase –rhinomanometry
Authors: Vogt Klaus , Wernecke Klaus-Dieter , Argale Mara , Kaulina Krista 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
BACKGROUND. The measurement of the total nasal resistance by rhinomanometry is of special interest in the functional diagnosis of the nasopharynx and retropalatal space. It can be measured by posterior rhinomanometry or estimated by calculating the total resistance from measurements of both sides. Because the standard parameters of the classic rhinomanometry have to be considered as obsolete, Vertex Resistance and Effective Resistance and their logarithmic derivations have been introduced with 4-phase-rhinomanometry.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. In the first part, posterior and anterior rhinomanometry have been compared in a study of 32 volunteers. The disadvantages of posterior rhinomanometry have been apparent because of inconsistent statistic results. To compare both methods is useful in cooperative patients for the diagnosis of postnasal pathological alterations. By analyzing the rhinomanometric databases of 5 hospitals in 10,033 untreated patients and in 8,246 patients after decongestion, the total nasal resistance could be determined.
RESULTS. Because only the logarithmic values for effective and vertex resistances are correlated with the sensing of obstruction, these values have been used to classify the total obstruction in 5 classes. The descriptive data of every class are given. The here-described classes are valid for Caucasian noses. The calculated data can be delivered on request by the authors.
CONCLUSION. The here-presented parameters for measuring the resistance of the nasal airway and the classification of the obstruction from a statistically representative material can be recommended for the daily practice in rhinology and rhinosurgery.
An Impingement Cooling Using Swirling Jets Induced by Helical Rod Swirl Generators
Authors: Eiamsa-ard S. , Nuntadusit C. , Wongcharee K. , Chuwattanakul V. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The heat transfer performance of swirling impinging jets (SIJs) was investigated and compared with that of the conventional jet (CIJ). The swirling jets were induced by helical rod inserts (HRs) fitted with pipe nozzles. The helical rod inserts with two different rod diameter to nozzle diameter ratios (d/D) of 0.46 and 0.64 were employed for comparison. Jet-to-plate distance to nozzle diameter ratio (L/D) was varied from 1 to 5 while Reynolds number was fixed at 20,000. The temperature and Nusselt number distributions on the impinged plate were measured and evaluated using thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) sheet and image processing technique. The experimental results showed that the swirling jet (SJ) at d/D=0.64 gave higher average heat transfer rate than the SJ at d/D=0.46 up to 6.41 % and the conventional jet (CJ) up to 35.05 %. In addition, Nusselt number peak of swirling jets increased as jet-to-plate distance decreased.
Ellipsis: licensing, structure and identity
Authors: Gandón-Chapela Evelyn , Pérez-Guerra Javier 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFollowing an introduction to ellipsis and its consequences both for communication and for the theory of grammar, this paper addresses a number of issues which have been debated in the linguistic literature on ellipsis, namely structure, identity and licensing. This study brings to the readers’ attention the effects which such conditions have for the study of ellipsis in different languages as well as their constraints within the generative framework. As case studies on the conditions and the characterisation of the linguistic strategy under scrutiny, this paper also summarises the main approaches to ellipsis in the studies embodied in this special issue.
On Some Sets of Almost Continuous Functions which Locally Aproximate a Fixed Function
Authors: Loranty Anna , Pawlak Ryszard J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate topological properties of the sets of almost continuous functions f: [0,1] → [0,1] which locally approximate a fixed function. This approximation is associated with the certain value of entropy of a function at a fixed point of the primal function.
Road Transport Accidents in Nigeria and the Role of Automotive Active Safety System
Authors: Akinyemi Olasunkanmi Oriola , Adeyemi Hezekiah O , Jinadu Olusegun 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Analysis of road traffic accidents revealed that most accidents are as a result of drivers’ errors. Over the years, active safety systems (ASS) were devised in vehicle to reduce the high level of road accidents, caused by human errors, leading to death and injuries. This study however evaluated the impacts of ASS inclusions into vehicles in Nigeria road transportation network. The objectives was to measure how ASS contributed to making driving safer and enhanced transport safety. Road accident data were collected, for a period of eleven years, from Lagos State Ministry of Economic Planning and Budget, Central Office of Statistics. Quantitative analysis of the retrospective accident was conducted by computing the proportion of yearly number of vehicles involved in road accident to the total number of vehicles for each year. Results of the analysis showed that the proportion of vehicles involved in road accidents decreased from 16 in 1996 to 0.89 in 2006, the injured persons reduced from 15.58 in 1998 to 0.3 in 2006 and the death rate diminished from 4.45 in 1998 to 0.1 in 2006. These represented 94.4 %, 95 % and 95 % improvement respectively on road traffic safety. It can therefore be concluded that the inclusions of ASS into design of modern vehicles had improved road safety in Nigeria automotive industry.
PERSEPSI GURU SD TERHADAP PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS
Authors: Pramswari Lungguh Puri 
Published: August 2016

<em>This study was set out of curiosity to know what kind of the perception of elementary school teachers, in understanding and implementing classroom action research (CAR) to solve pedagogical-didactical problems that faced in the learning process. By survey method, this study is conducted to 63 the primary school teachers from first grade class up to sixth grade one, derived from the three districts/city in West Java Province. In general, can be described that all teachers stated how important CAR is, but most feel still constrained in implementing it. </em>
CONHECIMENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS E RELAÇÃO COM O AMBIENTE POR ALUNOS DE DUAS ESCOLAS DE ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE VIÇOSA DO CEARÁ, CEARÁ
Authors: Lemos Jesus Rodrigues , Oliveira Idelson Pereira de , Araújo Melise Pessôa , Meireles Victor de Jesus Silva 
Published: July 2016

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> O uso de plantas entre as populações nordestinas indica um grande conhecimento dos recursos do ambiente e um sistema próprio de utilização desses recursos. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se há diferença entre o conhecimento acerca do uso medicinal de plantas apresentado por alunos de duas escolas de Ensino Fundamental da zona rural e urbana no município de Viçosa do Ceará. O numero de citações de plantas medicinais diferiu significativamente nos grupos da escola urbana e rural, sendo que estes últimos demonstraram um maior conhecimento. Não foi verificada diferença acentuada quando comparada à diversidade de espécies citadas. Das plantas citadas pelos alunos da escola de zona urbana, metade foi similar àquelas também referidas pelos alunos da escola rural. Verificou-se que o conhecimento que as novas gerações possuem a respeito de plantas medicinais é relativamente representativo, sendo a família, os principais transmissores do mesmo. Tais práticas ainda são comuns dentro dos grupos analisados.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Etnobotânica. Conhecimento tradicional. Meio Ambiente.</p>
Evaluation of bone metabolism in obese men and women
with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Titz-Bober Magdalena , Holecki Michał , Hawrot-Kawecka Anna , Olszanecka-Glinianowicz Magdalena , Chudek Jerzy , Popkiewicz Anna , Duława Jan 
Published: August 2016

WstępWydaje się, że zespół metaboliczny (MS) jest dodatkowym czynnikiem zwiększającym ryzyko złamań osteo-porotycznych. Celem tego badania była ocena wpływu zespołu metabolicznego na metabolizm kości i ryzyko złamań osteoporotycznych u otyłych mężczyzn i kobiet.Materiał i metodyW badaniu wzięło udział 40 otyłych mężczyzn i 40 otyłych kobiet. Badanych podzielono na 2 grupy: pacjentów z otyłością bez MS (20 mężczyzn i 20 kobiet) i pacjentów z MS (20 mężczyzn i 20 kobiet). W gru-pach badanych oznaczono w surowicy stężenie parathormonu (PTH), 25-OH-D3, C-końcowego usieciowanego peptydu kolagenu typu 1 (CTX1), osteokalcyny, FGF23, wapnia (Ca) i fosforu (P). Ryzyko złamania osteoporotycznego oszacowano, stosując skalę FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessmen Tool). Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 15 zdrowych mężczyzn i kobiet w podobnym wieku.WynikiOtyłe kobiety z MS charakteryzowały się większym ryzykiem złamań osteoporotycznych (3,0 vs 1,6%;
p < 0,001), stężeniem w surowicy fosforu (1,8 vs 1,12 mmol/l; p < 0,001) oraz mniejszym stężeniem 25-OH-D3
(7,3 vs 34,6 ng/ml; p < 0,01) w porównaniu z kobietami bez MS. Nie stwierdzono istotnych różnic w ryzyku złamań osteoporotycznych i stężeniach ocenianych parametrów między mężczyznami z otyłością bez MS i z MS. Kobiety z MS miały niższe stężenie CTX-1 (0,27 ng/ml vs. 0,41 ng/ml; p) w porównaniu z mężczyznami.WnioskiZespół metaboliczny nie wpływa na wskaźniki metabolizmu kostnego u mężczyzn i kobiet. Kobiety z zespołem metabolicznym charakteryzują się jednak mniejszym stężeniem 25-OH-D3. Kobiety, ale nie mężczyźni, z zespołem metabolicznym, wykazują większe 10-letnie ryzyko złamania osteoporotycznego niż kobiety z otyłością bez zespołu metabolicznego.
Comparative Gene Approach to the Investigation of SNPs within the Tenascin-C Gene in Achilles Tendon Injury in the Canine Patient
Authors: Kieves Nina R , Lundberg Alycen P , Wilke Vicki L 
Published: August 2016

<p class="AbstractSummary"><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the tenascin-C (TNC) gene in a population of dogs with atraumatic Achilles tendon rupture.</p><p class="AbstractSummary"><strong>Background:</strong> In humans, Achilles tendinopathy has been extensively studied for numerous polymorphisms within several genes and has been associated with polymorphisms in collagen (COL5A1) and the TNC genes.</p><p><strong>Evidentiary value:</strong> This study serves as a starting point for evaluating a genetic component of Achilles tendinopathy in the dog.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole blood from twenty dogs with atraumatic Achilles tendon rupture and 14 matched control samples were used. DNA was extracted from whole blood run with primers designed around two SNPs previously identified to be related to Achilles tendinopathy in humans. One SNP was located in exon 29, and one exon 17 of the canine TNC gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was run on the samples and they were sequenced. Sequences of the affected canine population were compared to the control sample sequences.</p><p class="AbstractSummary"><strong>Results:</strong> There were no significant differences in genotype or allele frequency of the SNPs rs13321 and rs2104772 between any of the affected and control subjects with a <em>p</em>-value of 1.0.</p><p class="AbstractSummary"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study evaluated a population of canines with atraumatic Achilles tendon rupture for SNPs in the TNC gene. We found no difference in gene sequence for the study population compared to age, sex, and breed matched controls.</p><p><strong>Application:</strong> Though the data from this study did not show a correlation between the specific polymorphisms investigated, it is possible that other SNPs within the TNC gene or other genes involved in tendon composition and repair such as collagen may be associated with atraumatic Achilles tendon injury in the dog. </p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />
Synthesis and Characterization of Molybdenum Doped ZnO Thin Films by SILAR Deposition Method
Authors: Radha R. , Sakthivelu A. , Pradhabhan D. 
Published: August 2016

<em>Molybdenum (Mo) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on the glass substrate by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) deposition method. The effect of Mo dopant concentration of 5, 6.6 and 10 mol% on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of n-type Mo doped ZnO films was studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the Mo doped ZnO thin films were polycrystalline with wurtzite structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) studies shows that the surface morphology of the films changes with Mo doping. A blue shift of the optical band gap was observed in the optical studies. Effect of Mo dopant concentration on electrical conductivity was studied and it shows comparatively high electrical conductivity at 10 mol% of Mo doping concentration. </em>