bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of ultra‐dense networks with MRC reception and successive interference cancellation under rate‐limited backhaul
Authors: Wang Shipeng , Chen Li , Chen Xiaohui , Wei Guo 
Published: January 2016

SummaryUltra‐dense network (UDN) is one of candidate technologies for next generation cellular networks. In this paper, we explore performance limits of cooperative UDN with maximal ratio‐combining detection under limited‐capacity backhaul links. More concretely, based on the imperfect estimation, lower bounds of the average per‐user rate are derived for maximal ratio‐combining detection with and without successive interference cancellation scheme when the number of Base stations (BSs) in the network goes to infinite. Then we discuss how the average per‐user rate is impacted by the number of cooperative BSs and the backhaul capacity. Our results show that there is an optimal number of cooperative BSs in the UDN to achieve the best performance in low signal‐to‐noise‐ratio region. Simulations demonstrate that our asymptotic rate bounds are tight when the number of BSs is large. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parity and mortality in cases of childhood‐onset diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sjöberg L. , He L. , Kaaja R. , Tuomilehto J. , Pitkäniemi J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimsThis study aims to assess the association between parity and mortality in adults with childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their matched controls.MethodsIndividual data (308 617 person‐years) on mortality and the reproductive histories of a Finnish cohort of 2307 women and 2819 men with T1D, each with two matched controls, were obtained from the National Population Register. All persons with diabetes had been diagnosed with T1D in 1965–1979 at the age of 17 or under.ResultsAll‐cause mortality in people without offspring was significantly higher than that in people with children among both people with diabetes and non‐diabetic control persons in both sexes (all p‐values <0.01). In men with offspring, the decrease of mortality rate compared with men without offspring was less marked among those with diabetes (9% reduction in mortality hazard ratio (HR) with one offspring, 47% with two) than among those without diabetes (33% HR (p = 0.025) and 61% HR (p = 0.023) reduction, respectively). In women with offspring, the association between parity and mortality was independent of diabetes status. Having at least two offspring was associated with a decreased hazard of diabetes‐related death regardless of sex; among women with diabetes, even having one offspring was associated with a decreased hazard of dying from diabetes (HR = 0.46; 95% CI 0.31, 0.69).ConclusionsThe association between parity and mortality follows different patterns in men and women with T1D. To what extent this reflects effects of health on family planning decisions in people with T1D cannot be defined without further studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High serum erythropoietin levels are related to heart failure development in subjects from the general population with albuminuria: data from PREVEND
Authors: Grote Beverborg Niels , van der Wal Haye H. , Klip IJsbrand T. , Voors Adriaan A. , de Boer Rudolf A. , van Gilst Wiek H. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Gansevoort Ron T. , Hillege Hans L. , van der Harst Pim , Bakker Stephan J.L. , van der Meer Peter 
Published: January 2016

AimsIn patients with heart failure (HF), serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels are elevated and associated with disease severity and outcome. Whether endogenous EPO levels are prospectively associated with the development of HF or cardiovascular events in the general population is unknown.Methods and resultsSerum EPO levels were measured at baseline in 6686 subjects enrolled in the Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENd‐stage Disease (PREVEND) study. Mean age (±SD) was 53 ± 12 years, 49.8% were male, and the median (interquartile range) EPO level was 7.7 (5.9–10.2) IU/L. During a median follow‐up of 8.3 (7.7–8.8) years, 209 (3.1%) subjects were newly diagnosed with HF, 97 (1.5%) died of a cardiovascular cause, and 386 (6.0%) subjects had a non‐fatal cardiovascular event (277 cardiac events and 93 strokes). Each doubling of EPO level was multivariably associated with new‐onset HF [hazard ratio (HR) 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.69, P = 0.031]. EPO levels showed interaction with urinary albumin excretion (P = 0.006) and were only associated with HF in subjects with albuminuria (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.13–2.03, P = 0.005). There was an independent association of EPO levels with stroke in women (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.24–2.65, P = 0.002), but not in men. No association was observed for EPO levels with other cardiovascular events or cardiovascular mortality.ConclusionHigh serum EPO levels are independently associated with an increased risk of new‐onset HF in subjects with albuminuria. More research into the pathophysiological mechanisms linking EPO levels to HF is needed to understand this association.
Too much of a good thing: Sustained type 1 interferon signaling limits humoral responses to secondary viral infection
Authors: Teijaro John R. 
Published: January 2016

The induction of a pan‐immunosuppressive state is a central feature of persistent viral infections. Over the past decade, multiple pathways have been identified that contribute to immune suppression. Recently, it was revealed that aberrant or sustained type 1 interferon (IFN‐I) production or signaling is a central contributor to immune suppression elicited during persistent viral infection. In this issue, Honke et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2016. 46: 372–380] identify that IFN‐I signaling promotes an immune suppressive state during persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection by inhibiting enforced virus replication in CD169+ macrophages. The authors demonstrate that mice infected with a persistent strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus have blunted humoral immune responses to a superinfecting vesicular stomatitis virus infection. The absence of virus replication in CD169+ macrophages was not due to antiviral CD8+ T cell‐mediated killing of CD169+ macrophages, but required sustained IFN‐I responses. In turn, reduction in vesicular stomatitis virus replication in CD169+ macrophages resulted in a reduction in antigen production, which is necessary for generating optimal humoral responses. This study highlights a novel mechanism by which IFN‐I signaling promotes an immune suppressive state during persistent viral infection.
Multiple Modes of Motion: Realizing the Dynamics of CO Adsorbed in M‐MOF‐74 (M = Mg, Zn) by Using Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Lucier Bryan E. G. , Chan Hendrick , Zhang Yue , Huang Yining 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) often exhibit high porosities and surface areas, making them ideal media for gas storage and carbon capture. MOF‐74 is an intriguing porous MOF featuring one‐dimensional honeycomb‐shaped channels and open metal sites, and is able to adsorb poisonous CO. Variable‐temperature (VT) 13C solid‐state NMR (SSNMR) experiments focusing on 13CO adsorbed within M‐MOF‐74 (M = Mg, Zn) are a sensitive probe of guest motion, revealing valuable details regarding the dynamics of adsorbed CO within the MOF channels. 13C SSNMR experiments recorded at temperatures ranging from 153 to 373 K, along with accompanying simulations, unambiguously indicate that two types of dynamic CO motion are present in MOF‐74: a localized wobbling of CO on the open metal site, and a non‐localized hopping of CO molecules between adjacent open metal sites. The fine details of these motions, including the motional angles and rates, are revealed and discussed. The CO dynamics in MOF‐74 are then compared and contrasted with those of CO2, illustrating the similarities and differences in motion between the two types of guest molecules across the experimental temperature range.
The Stereoselective Self‐Assembly of Chiral Metallo‐Organic Cryptophanes
Authors: Schaly Astrid , Rousselin Yoann , Chambron Jean‐Claude , Aubert Emmanuel , Espinosa Enrique 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCryptophanes are macropolycyclic cyclophanes constructed from two triply bridged concave cyclotriveratrylene analogues that encapsulate a large range of molecular and monoatomic substrates. Self‐assembled metallo‐organic cryptophanes based on M2+–carbonitrile (M = Pd or Pt) interactions have been obtained through the reactions of chiral nitrile‐substituted cyclotribenzylenes (CTBs) 1 and 2 with [M(dppp)][OTf]2 (dppp = 1,3‐bisdiphenylphosphinopropane, OTf = triflate) in 2:3 ratios in chlorinated solvents. The cryptophanes [Pd3(dppp)3(1)2]6+ and [Pd3(dppp)3(2)2]6+ were obtained exclusively in the chiral anti form in solution at room temperature whatever solvent was used; however the meso,syn form was identified as the major isomer of [Pd3(dppp)3(1)2]6+ at low temperature in CD2Cl2, and – in the case of [Pt3(dppp)3(1)2]6+ – it formed in a minor amount at room temperature. [Pd3(dppp)3(1)2][OTf]6 and [Pt3(dppp)3(1)2][OTf]6 crystallized in the anti forms with an encapsulated chloroform molecule, and gas‐phase DFT calculations with the dispersion‐corrected B97‐D3 functional show that it is stabilized by 34.6 kJ mol–1. Interestingly, the heteroleptic cryptophane [Pd3(dppp)3(1)(2)]6+ was not detected in mixtures of [Pd(dppp)]2+ and CTBs 1 and 2 in a 3:1:1 ratio or through the equilibration of a 1:1 mixture of the preformed homoleptic cryptophanes; this points to favored self‐sorting processes.
An Evaluation of the Single‐Group Growth Model as an Alternative to Common‐Item Equating
Authors: Wei Youhua , Morgan Rick 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAs an alternative to common‐item equating when common items do not function as expected, the single‐group growth model (SGGM) scaling uses common examinees or repeaters to link test scores on different forms. The SGGM scaling assumes that, for repeaters taking adjacent administrations, the conditional distribution of scale scores in later administration, given the scale score in earlier administration, should generalize from previous repeaters to the repeaters taking the current administration. The current repeaters' scale score distribution is estimated from their earlier scale score distribution. The SGGM scaling first uses previous repeaters' data to estimate the conditional distribution of their later scale scores, given their earlier scale scores. Then the repeaters taking both the current and previous administrations are identified, and their scale score distribution on the current form is estimated based on their previous scale score distribution and the estimated conditional distribution. Finally, a single‐group equipercentile equating is performed between the current‐form repeaters' observed raw score distribution and their estimated scale score distribution to obtain the raw‐to‐scale score conversion. This study evaluated the SGGM scaling performance using the common‐item equating results for a language test as the criterion. The study found that the raw‐to‐scale conversions based on SGGM scaling differed from those based on common‐item equating. However, the SGGM scaling results did not show a systematic bias in either the average or the variability of examinees' scale scores.
The Active Site Structure of Transition Metal Ion‐Chelating Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Fuel Cell Catalysts
Authors: Dombrovskis J. K. , Palmqvist A. E. C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTransition metal ion‐chelating ordered mesoporous carbons (TM‐OMCs) were studied as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell cathode catalysts. The active site structure of the TM‐OMCs was studied by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy in combination with variations of a range of synthesis variables of the TM‐OMCs. The variations were found to have significant influence on the catalyst structure both in the mesoscale and on the atomic local structure allowing for detailed conclusions on the nature of the active sites. The main active site was found to be FeNx chelates. An additional highly active site was found and proposed to be a FeNx‐dioxygen site. It was further found that the catalytic activity could be increased threefold by acid washing and subsequent heat treatment of the as‐synthesized TM‐OMC materials.
Dynamics of Soil Water and Salinity Under Subsurface Drainage of a Coastal Area With High Groundwater Table in Spring and Rainy Season
Authors: Yu Shuhui , Liu Jintong , Eneji A. Egrinya , Han Lipu , Tan Limei , Liu Huitao 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTiming subsurface drainage (SD) at two critical periods to coincide with melting of frozen soil water and the rainy season may effectively lower the groundwater table and increase the leaching of salts. A field experiment was set up in the eastern coastal saline area of Hebei Province, China, to assess the effects of SD on soil water and salinity. Subsurface drainage significantly prevented the rise of the groundwater table during melting of frozen soil water, and thus considerably reduced salinity across soil layers, especially in the 30 cm layer. In the rainy season, the SD effectively held the water depth to within 1 m, preventing waterlogging by more than two‐thirds and more than doubling the leaching of salts from the soil surface. The contents of Na+, Mg2+, Cl− and SO42− under SD reduced substantially (7.1–18.8%) after rainfall events and the mobility of ions was in the order Na+ > Cl− > SO42− > Mg2+. For the remaining period of the year when subsurface drainage was not carried out, the soil salinity generally increased but the salinity and groundwater table in areas under SD were slightly lower than those in the control area. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid analysis of pesticide residues in drinking water samples by dispersive solid‐phase extraction based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and pulse glow discharge ion source ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Zou Nan , Gu Kejia , Liu Shaowen , Hou Yanbing , Zhang Jialei , Xu Xiang , Li Xuesheng , Pan Canping 
Published: January 2016

An analytical method based on dispersive solid‐phase extraction with a multiwalled carbon nanotubes sorbent coupled with positive pulse glow discharge ion mobility spectrometry was developed for analysis of 30 pesticide residues in drinking water samples. Reduced ion mobilities and the mass–mobility correlation of 30 pesticides were measured. The pesticides were divided into five groups to verify the separation capability of pulse glow discharge in mobility spectrometry. The extraction conditions such as desorption solvent, ionic strength, conditions of adsorption and desorption, the amounts of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and solution pH were optimized. The enrichment factors of pesticides were 5.4‐ to 48.7‐fold (theoretical enrichment factor was 50‐fold). The detection limits of pesticides were 0.01∼0.77 μg/kg. The linear range was 0.005–0.2 mg/L for pesticide standard solutions, with determination coefficients from 0.9616 to 0.9999. The method was applied for the analysis of practical and spiked drinking water samples. All results were confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The proposed method was proven to be a commendably rapid screening qualitative and semiquantitative technique for the analysis of pesticide residues in drinking water samples on site.
Electrospun Poly(ε‐caprolactone)/Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane‐Based Copolymer Blends: Evolution of Fiber Internal Structures
Authors: Bauer Adam J. P. , Wu Yitian , Li Bingbing 
Published: January 2016

This study reports the structural transition of electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/poly[(propylmethacryl‐heptaisobutyl‐polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane)‐co‐(methyl meth­acrylate)] (POSS‐MMA) blends, from PCL‐rich fibers, to bicontinuous PCL core/POSS‐MMA shell fibers, to POSS‐MMA‐rich fibers with a discontinuous PCL inner phase. A ternary phase diagram depicting the electrospinnability of PCL/POSS‐MMA solutions is constructed by evaluating the morphological features of fibers electrospun from solutions with various concentrations and PCL/POSS‐MMA blend ratios. X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry are further used to characterize the electrospun PCL/POSS‐MMA hybrid fibers. These physicochemical characterization results are thoroughly discussed to understand the internal structures of the hybrid fibers, which are directly correlated to the phase separation behavior of the electrospun solutions. The current study provides further insight into the complex phase behavior of POSS‐copolymer‐based systems, which hold great potential for a broad spectrum of biomedical applications.
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Different Aspects of Psychological Ill Health in a National Sample of Swedish Parents after Successful Paediatric Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Lindahl Norberg Annika , Forinder Ulla 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundPaediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may have great psychological impact on parents during the intense treatment period as well as many years after a successful transplantation. Since different psychological disorders require different interventions, a differentiation of general distress into specific types of psychological ill health is essential. The aim of this descriptive study was to distinguish anxiety, depression, and burnout, and investigate occurrence and co‐occurrence of these in a national Swedish sample of parents of children who had undergone HSCT and survived.ProcedureEstablished self‐report instruments (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, posttraumatic stress checklist, and Shirom–Melamed Burnout Questionnaire) were used to assess parents’ subjective suffering. Inclusion criteria: the child had to be alive; ≤18 years of age; >6 months since HSCT.ResultsFour hundred twenty‐one eligible parents (220 mothers and 201 fathers) were identified, of whom 284 choose to participate (response rate 67%). In total, 134 parents (87 mothers, 47 fathers) reported clinically relevant levels of one or more of the assessed types of psychological ill health, representing 48% of the responding participants and 32% of the entire national population of parents of children who had undergone HSCT and survived. Anxiety and/or burnout were reported most frequently. A majority reported more than one type of psychological ill health. Depression only was rare.ConclusionsThe findings underscore the importance of recognizing—in research as well as in clinical practice—that different types of psychological ill health may affect parents after successful HSCT. When parents present with psychological suffering, a referral for qualified assessment is warranted to obtain the proper treatment.
Synthesis, characterization, and thin‐film properties of 6‐oxoverdazyl polymers prepared by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization
Authors: Paquette Joseph A. , Ezugwu Sabastine , Yadav Vishal , Fanchini Giovanni , Gilroy Joe B. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTRedox‐active 6‐oxoverdazyl polymers were synthesized via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and their solution, bulk, and thin‐film properties investigated. Detailed studies of the ROMP method employed confirmed that stable radical polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (Ð < 1.2) were produced. Thermal gravimetric analysis of a representative example of the title polymers demonstrated stability up to 190 °C, while differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed a glass transition temperature of 152 °C. Comparison of the spectra of 6‐oxoverdazyl monomer 12 and polymer 13, including FT‐IR, UV‐vis absorption, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, was used to confirm the tolerance of the ROMP mechanism for the 6‐oxoverdazyl radical both qualitatively and quantitatively. Cyclic voltammetry studies demonstrated the ambipolar redox properties of polymer 13 (E1/2,ox = 0.25 and E1/2,red = −1.35 V relative to ferrocene/ferrocenium), which were consistent with those of monomer 12. The charge transport properties of thin films of polymer 13 were studied before and after a potential of 5 V was applied, revealing a drastic drop in the resistivity from 106−1010 Ω m or more to 1.7 × 104 Ω m and suggesting the potential usefulness of polymer 13 in bistable electronics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1803–1813
Synthesis of polymerizable poly(alkenoic acid)s via reversible addition fragmentation transfer polymerization for dental applications
Authors: Catel Yohann , Maissiat Lucie , Moszner Norbert 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe novel polymerizable poly(alkenoic acid)s 1a–1c (expected
= 2500, 5000, and 10,000 g/mol) were synthesized in three steps starting from tert‐butyl acrylate. A RAFT polymerization using 2,2‐(thiocarbonylbis(sulfanediyl))bis(2‐methylpropanoic acid) 4 as a chain transfer agent, followed by a Mitsunobu esterification and a deprotection of the tert‐butyl ester groups with trifluoroacetic acid, provided the desired acidic polymers in moderate to good yields. The synthesized polymers were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and by gel permeation chromatography. The number‐average molecular weights measured for 1a–1c were in good agreement with the expected values. Self‐etch adhesives (SEAs) based on poly(alkenoic acid)s 1a–1c were formulated in order to investigate their adhesive properties. The addition of 1a–1c to a SEA formulation containing 10‐methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate resulted in a strong increase of the shear bond strength (SBS) of a dimethacrylate‐based composite to dentin. No significant influence of the polymer molecular weight on the dentin and enamel SBS was observed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1814–1821
Novel renin inhibitors containing derivatives of N‐alkylleucyl‐β‐hydroxy‐γ‐amino acids
Authors: Winiecka Iwona , Jaworski Paweł , Mazurek Aleksander Paweł , Marszałek Dorota , Goldnik Anna , Sokulski Daniel 
Published: January 2016

In search for new drugs lowering arterial blood pressure, which could be applied in anti‐hypertensive therapy, research concerning agents blocking of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosteron system has been conducted. Despite many years of research conducted at many research centers around the world, aliskiren is the only one renin inhibitor, which is used up to now.Four novel potential renin inhibitors, having structure based on the peptide fragment 8–13 of human angiotensinogen, a natural substrate for renin, were designed and synthesized. All these inhibitors contain unnatural moieties that are derivatives of N‐methylleucyl‐β‐hydroxy‐γ‐amino acids at the P2‐P1' position: 4‐[N‐(N‐methylleucyl)‐amino]‐3‐hydroxy‐7‐(3‐nitroguanidino)‐heptanoic acid (AHGHA), 4‐[N‐(N‐methylleucyl)‐amino]‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐phenyl‐pentanoic acid (AHPPA) or 4‐[N‐(N‐methylleucyl)‐amino]‐8‐benzyloxycarbonylamino‐3‐hydroxyoctanoic acid (AAHOA). The previously listed synthetic β‐hydroxy‐γ‐amino acids constitute pseudodipeptidic units that correspond to the P1‐P1' position of the inhibitor molecule. An unnatural amino acid, 4‐methoxyphenylalanin (Phe(4‐OMe)), was introduced at the P3 position of the obtained compounds. Three of these compounds contain isoamylamide of 6‐aminohexanoic acid (ε‐Ahx‐Iaa) at the P2'‐P3' position. The proposed modifications of the selected human angiotensinogen fragment are intended to increase bioactivity, bioavailability, and stability of the inhibitor molecule in body fluids and tissues. The inhibitor Boc‐Phe(4‐OMe)‐MeLeu‐AHGHA‐OEt was obtained in the form of an ethyl ester. The hydrophobicity coefficient, expressed as log P varied between 3.95 and 8.17. In vitro renin inhibitory activity of all obtained compounds was contained within the range 10−6‐10−9 M. The compound Boc‐Phe(4‐OMe)‐MeLeu‐AHPPA‐Ahx‐Iaa proved to be the most active (IC50 = 1.05 × 10−9 M). The compounds Boc‐Phe(4‐OMe)‐MeLeu‐AHGHA‐Ahx‐Iaa and Boc‐Phe(4‐OMe)‐MeLeu‐AHPPA‐Ahx‐Iaa are resistant to chymotrypsin. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.