bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Akute Flankenschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Ebert Anne-Karoline 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungAkute Flankenschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter stellen eine klinisch anspruchsvolle Differenzialdiagnose dar. Neben einer sorgfältigen Anamnese und klinischen Untersuchung sowie Urin- und Laboruntersuchungen ist im Kindesalter der Ultraschall oft wegweisend. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die möglichen zugrundeliegenden Krankheitsbilder mit spezifisch diagnostischen und therapeutischen Überlegungen dargestellt.
Preoperative biliary drainage by plastic or self-expandable metal stents in patients with periampullary tumors: results of a randomized clinical study
Authors: Olsson Greger , Frozanpor Farshad , Lundell Lars , Enochsson Lars , Ansorge Christoph , Del Chiaro Marco , Reuterwall-Hansson Marcus , Shetye Alysha , Arnelo Urban 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Preoperative biliary drainage in patients with periampullary tumors and jaundice has been popularized to improve the quality of life and minimize the risks associated with subsequent radical surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible superiority of self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) over plastic stents, by comparing the amount of bacteria in intraoperatively collected bile and using this variable as a proxy for the efficacy of the respective biliary drainage modalities.
Patients and methods In this randomized clinical trial, 92 patients with obstructive jaundice were enrolled; 45 were allocated to the plastic stent group and 47 to the SEMS group. The primary outcome was the extent and magnitude of biliary bacterial growth at the time of surgical exploration. Secondary outcomes were: macroscopic grading of inflammation of the stented bile ducts, occurrence of adverse events after stenting, stent dysfunction, recognized surgical complexities, and incidence of postoperative complications.
Results The patients were well matched regarding clinical and disease-specific characteristics. At surgery, there were no group differences in the bacterial amount and composition of the bile cultures or the perceived difficulty of surgical dissection. During the preoperative biliary drainage period, more instances of stent dysfunction requiring stent replacement were recorded in the plastic stent group (19 % vs. 0 %; P = 0.03). Postoperative complications in patients who underwent curative surgery were more common in patients with plastic stents (72 % vs. 52 %), among which clinically significant leakage from the pancreatic anastomoses seemed to predominate (12 % vs. 3.7 %); however, none of these differences in postoperative adverse events reached statistical significance.
Conclusion This randomized clinical study was unable to demonstrate any superiority of SEMS in the efficacy of preoperative bile drainage, as assessed by the amount of bacteria in the intraoperatively collected bile. However, some data in favor of SEMS were observed among the clinical secondary outcomes variables (preoperative stent exchange rates) without increases in local inflammatory reactions.Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00501176).
Frühfunktionelles Management bei Hyperextensionstraumata des proximalen Interphalangealgelenkes mit Läsion der palmaren
Platte: Extensionsblock versus Achterschlaufe
Authors: Lunger Alexander , Lunger Lukas , Bach Andrea , Frey Christine , Jandali Abdul Rahman , Sproedt Julia 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Hyperextensionstraumata des proximalen Interphalangealgelenkes (PIP) sind ein häufiger Vorstellungsgrund in der
handchirurgischen Ambulanz. An unserem Zentrum wurden vor 2011 alle luxationsstabilen Läsionen mittels ergotherapeutisch angepasster
Extensionsblockschienen in 10 ° Flexion nachbehandelt (Gruppe A). Seit 2011 wurden stabile Läsionen ohne signifikanten ossären Ausriss
(definiert als < 30 % betroffener Gelenksfläche) mittels Achterschlaufe/Buddy Taping an den Nachbarfinger versorgt (Gruppe B). Ziel
dieser Arbeit war es, die Behandlungsresultate zu vergleichen.
Patienten und Methoden In diese retrospektive Analyse wurden 44 Patienten eingeschlossen, die im Zeitraum 2009–2012 in unserer
handchirurgischen Ambulanz wegen luxationsstabiler Läsionen der palmaren Platte (Eaton und Littler Typ I und II) behandelt wurden. In Gruppe
A wurden 23 Patienten eingeschlossen, in Gruppe B 21. Beide Therapiegruppen erhielten dorsale Nachtlagerungsschienen in 10 ° Flexion.
Ergebnisse Bezüglich der Behandlungsdauer (p = 0,981), der Anzahl an Behandlungssitzungen (p = 0,271), der total active motion (TAM)
im PIP nach der Behandlung (p = 0,693), dem Extensionsdefizit im PIP nach der Behandlung (p = 0,404), der Dauer bis zur Ergotherapie (p =
0,285) oder dem Schweregrad der Verletzung nach Eaton und Littler (p = 0,241) bestand kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden
Gruppen. In der Extensionsblock-Gruppe zeigten 10 (44 %) von 23 Patienten nach einer medianen Behandlungsdauer von 9 (4–10) Wochen ein sehr
gutes, 11 (48 %) ein gutes, 2 (8 %) Patienten ein schlechtes Ergebnis mit 90 ° (85–100) TAM im PIP und keinem Extensionsdefizit. Es wurden
im Median 4 (3–6) Behandlungssitzungen durchgeführt. Von 21 Patienten, die mit Achterschlaufe/Buddy Taping behandelt wurden, erzielten nach
6 (4–13) Wochen 14 Patienten (66 %) ein sehr gutes, 6 (29 %) ein gutes, 1 (5 %) Patient ein schlechtes Ergebnis mit 95 ° (82,5–100 °) TAM
und keinem Extensionsdefizit. Die Art der Therapie zeigte keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf das Ergebnis nach Benke und Stableforth (χ2 =
2,385, df = 3, p = 0,304). Die mediane Anzahl an Behandlungen in Gruppe B betrug 4 (3–5). Kein Patient entwickelte eine palmare
Instabilität.
Schlussfolgerung Keine Therapieoption zeigte sich statistisch der anderen überlegen. In der Praxis erwies sich Achterschlaufe/Buddy
Taping als schneller durchführbar, einfacher und günstiger in der ergotherapeutischen Anpassung und bietet subjektiv mehr Tragekomfort.
Randomized Pilot Trial Measuring Knowledge Acquisition of Opioid Education in Emergency Department Patients using a Novel Media Platform
Authors: Chakravarthy Bharath , Somasundaram Shashank , Mogi Jennifer , Burns Roshan , Hoonpongsimanont Wirachin , Wiechmann Warren , Lotfipour Shahram 
Published: September 2017

Background The number of active opioid analgesic prescriptions has risen steadily, causing increases in nonmedical opioid use, addiction, and overdose. Insufficient focus on patient discharge instructions has contributed to lack of patient awareness regarding dangers of opioids. This study examines whether an educational Khan Academy–style animation discharge instruction on the dangers and safe usage of opioid analgesics elicits higher knowledge acquisition than current standard of care. Additionally, it measures the feasibility of implementing this video discharge instruction in the emergency department (ED). Methods Fifty-two English-speaking patients aged 18 years or older receiving an opioid prescription were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomized into 2 groups. The standard of care group received verbal instruction and an informational sheet, whereas the video animation group received a 6-minute video on proper usage of opioids in addition to standard of care. Video content was sourced from samhsa.gov and administered within the ED prior to discharge. Both groups received a 26-question test regarding the dangers and safe usage of opioids immediately after education. An unpaired t test compared knowledge acquisition between the 2 groups. Results Fifty-four patients were approached, 52 patients enrolled; 27 in the standard group and 25 in the animation group. The standard of care group averaged 65% knowledge acquisition (16.8/26 correct), whereas the animation group averaged 82% acquisition (21.2/26 correct). The video animation significantly increased patient knowledge acquisition about opioid medications’ risks and proper usage and disposal ( P = .001). Conclusion It can be concluded that medical knowledge acquisition is improved in the video animation group compared with the current standard of care ( P = .001). It can also be concluded that it is feasible to implement a novel media platform to educate patients receiving opioid analgesics in the ED (96.1%).
Class and politics in twenty-first century Norway: a homology of positions and position-taking
Authors: Flemmen Magne Paalgard , Haakestad Hedda 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
This article draws on Pierre Bourdieu's rethinking of social class to investigate the connection between class and politics in contemporary society. We introduce a new class scheme that incorporates an often neglected hallmark of Bourdieu's approach, namely the distinction between class fractions based on the preponderance of economic or cultural capital possessed. By relating our two-dimensional concept of class to a two-dimensional political space, we will show that the relationship between class and politics is homological – the systems of class divisions and political divisions exhibit a corresponding structure. The hierarchical dimension of class is associated with the divide between liberal and anti-liberal views on what is sometimes dubbed ‘new’ politics, whereas the capital composition dimension is connected with the classical left vs. right divide in terms of issues of redistribution, social spending and government interventions in the economy. We conclude by discussing whether political attitudes should be seen as a form of taste and as such on par with cultural tastes.
Lipidomics profiling reveals the role of glycerophospholipid metabolism in psoriasis
Authors: Zeng Chunwei , Wen Bo , Hou Guixue , Lei Li , Mei Zhanlong , Jia Xuekun , Chen Xiaomin , Zhu Wu , Li Jie , Kuang Yehong , Zeng Weiqi , Su Juan , Liu Siqi , Peng Cong , Chen Xiang 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Psoriasis is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease that is complicated by gene–environment interactions. Although genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses have been performed to investigate the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the role of metabolites in psoriasis, particularly of lipids, remains unclear. Lipids not only comprise the bulk of the cellular membrane bilayers but also regulate a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, immunity, angiogenesis, and inflammation. In this study, an untargeted lipidomics approach was used to study the lipid profiles in psoriasis and to identify lipid metabolite signatures for psoriasis through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Plasma samples from 90 participants (45 healthy and 45 psoriasis patients) were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was applied to find different metabolites between the disease and healthy groups. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to validate differentially expressed lipids in psoriatic patient plasma. Finally, we identified differential expression of several lipids including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidic acid (PA); among these metabolites, LPA, LysoPC, and PA were significantly increased, while PC and PI were down-regulated in psoriasis patients. We found that elements of glycerophospholipid metabolism such as LPA, LysoPC, PA, PI, and PC were significantly altered in the plasma of psoriatic patients; this study characterizes the circulating lipids in psoriatic patients and provides novel insight into the role of lipids in psoriasis.
Taxonomic structure and functional association of foxtail millet root microbiome
Authors: Jin Tao , Wang Yayu , Huang Yueying , Xu Jin , Zhang Pengfan , Wang Nian , Liu Xin , Chu Haiyan , Liu Guang , Jiang Honggang , Li Yuzhen , Xu Jing , Kristiansen Karsten , Xiao Liang , Zhang Yunzeng , Zhang Gengyun , Du Guohua , Zhang Houbao , Zou Hongfeng , Zhang Haifeng , Jie Zhuye , Liang Suisha , Jia Huijue , Wan Jingwang , Lin Dechun , Li Jinying , Fan Guangyi , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Bai Yang , Xu Xun 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The root microbes play pivotal roles in plant productivity, nutrient uptakes, and disease resistance. The root microbial community structure has been extensively investigated by 16S/18S/ITS amplicons and metagenomic sequencing in crops and model plants. However, the functional associations between root microbes and host plant growth are poorly understood. This work investigates the root bacterial community of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and its potential effects on host plant productivity. We determined the bacterial composition of 2882 samples from foxtail millet rhizoplane, rhizosphere and corresponding bulk soils from 2 well-separated geographic locations by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We identified 16 109 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and defined 187 OTUs as shared rhizoplane core OTUs. The β-diversity analysis revealed that microhabitat was the major factor shaping foxtail millet root bacterial community, followed by geographic locations. Large-scale association analysis identified the potential beneficial bacteria correlated with plant high productivity. Besides, the functional prediction revealed specific pathways enriched in foxtail millet rhizoplane bacterial community. We systematically described the root bacterial community structure of foxtail millet and found its core rhizoplane bacterial members. Our results demonstrated that host plants enrich specific bacteria and functions in the rhizoplane. The potentially beneficial bacteria may serve as a valuable knowledge foundation for bio-fertilizer development in agriculture.
Virtual Reality Tumor Resection: The Force Pyramid Approach
Authors: Sawaya Robin , Bugdadi Abdulgadir , Azarnoush Hamed , Winkler-Schwartz Alexander , Alotaibi Fahad E , Bajunaid Khalid , AlZhrani Gmaan A , Alsideiri Ghusn , Sabbagh Abdulrahman J , Del Maestro Rolando F 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The force pyramid is a novel visual representation allowing spatial delineation of instrument force application during surgical procedures. In this study, the force pyramid concept is employed to create and quantify dominant hand, nondominant hand, and bimanual force pyramids during resection of virtual reality brain tumors.

OBJECTIVE
To address 4 questions: Do ergonomics and handedness influence force pyramid structure? What are the differences between dominant and nondominant force pyramids? What is the spatial distribution of forces applied in specific tumor quadrants? What differentiates “expert” and “novice” groups regarding their force pyramids?

METHODS
Using a simulated aspirator in the dominant hand and a simulated sucker in the nondominant hand, 6 neurosurgeons and 14 residents resected 8 different tumors using the CAE NeuroVR virtual reality neurosurgical simulation platform (CAE Healthcare, Montréal, Québec and the National Research Council Canada, Boucherville, Québec). Position and force data were used to create force pyramids and quantify tumor quadrant force distribution.

RESULTS
Force distribution quantification demonstrates the critical role that handedness and ergonomics play on psychomotor performance during simulated brain tumor resections. Neurosurgeons concentrate their dominant hand forces in a defined crescent in the lower right tumor quadrant. Nondominant force pyramids showed a central peak force application in all groups. Bimanual force pyramids outlined the combined impact of each hand. Distinct force pyramid patterns were seen when tumor stiffness, border complexity, and color were altered.

CONCLUSION
Force pyramids allow delineation of specific tumor regions requiring greater psychomotor ability to resect. This information can focus and improve resident technical skills training.
Provably trustworthy systems
Authors: Klein Gerwin , Andronick June , Keller Gabriele , Matichuk Daniel , Murray Toby , O'Connor Liam 
Published: September 2017

We present recent work on building and scaling trustworthy systems with formal, machine-checkable proof from the ground up, including the operating system kernel, at the level of binary machine code. We first give a brief overview of the seL4 microkernel verification and how it can be used to build verified systems. We then show two complementary techniques for scaling these methods to larger systems: proof engineering, to estimate verification effort; and code/proof co-generation, for scalable development of provably trustworthy applications.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Verified trustworthy software systems’.
Position paper: the science of deep specification
Authors: Appel Andrew W. , Beringer Lennart , Chlipala Adam , Pierce Benjamin C. , Shao Zhong , Weirich Stephanie , Zdancewic Steve 
Published: September 2017

We introduce our efforts within the project ‘The science of deep specification’ to work out the key formal underpinnings of industrial-scale formal specifications of software and hardware components, anticipating a world where large verified systems are routinely built out of smaller verified components that are also used by many other projects. We identify an important class of specification that has already been used in a few experiments that connect strong component-correctness theorems across the work of different teams. To help popularize the unique advantages of that style, we dub itdeep specification, and we say that it encompasses specifications that arerich,two-sided,formalandlive(terms that we define in the article). Our core team is developing a proof-of-concept system (based on the Coq proof assistant) whose specification and verification work is divided across largely decoupled subteams at our four institutions, encompassing hardware microarchitecture, compilers, operating systems and applications, along with cross-cutting principles and tools for effective specification. We also aim to catalyse interest in the approach, not just by basic researchers but also by users in industry.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Verified trustworthy software systems’.
Neurophysiological signatures of duration and rhythm prediction across sensory modalities
Authors: Chang Acer Y.-C. , Seth Anil K. , Roseboom Warrick 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEffective behaviour and cognition requires the ability to make predictions about the temporal properties of events, such as duration. It is well known that violations of temporal structure within sequences of stimuli lead to neurophysiological effects known as the (temporal) mismatch negativity (TMMN). However, previous studies investigating this phenomenon have typically presented successive stimulus intervals (i.e., durations) within a rhythmic structure, conflating the contributions of rhythmic temporal processing with those specific to duration. In a novel behavioural paradigm which extends the classic temporal oddball design, we examined the neurophysiological correlates of prediction violation under both rhythmically (isochronous) and arrhythmically (anisochronous) presented durations, in visual and auditory modalities. Using event-related potential (ERP), multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), and temporal generalisation analysis (TGA) analyses, we found evidence for common, and distinct neurophysiological responses related to duration predictions and their violation, across isochronous and anisochronous conditions. Further, using TGA we could directly compare processes underlying duration prediction violation across different modalities, despite differences in processing latency of audition and vision. We discovered a common set of neurophysiological responses that are elicited whenever a duration prediction is violated, regardless of presentation modality, indicating the existence of a supramodal duration prediction mechanism. Altogether, our data show that the human brain encodes predictions specifically about duration, in addition to those from rhythmic structure, and that the neural underpinnings of these predictions generalize across modalities. These findings support the idea that time perception is based on similar principles of inference as characterize ‘predictive processing’ theories of perception.
The mechanisms of gene regulatory networks constrain evolution: A lesson from synthetic circuits
Authors: Schaerli Yolanda , Jiménez Alba , Duarte José M. , Mihajlovic Ljiljana , Renggli Julien , Isalan Mark , Sharpe James , Wagner Andreas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPhenotypic variation is the raw material of adaptive Darwinian evolution. The phenotypic variation found in organismal development is biased towards certain phenotypes, but the molecular mechanisms behind such restrictions are still poorly understood. Gene regulatory networks have been proposed as one cause of constrained phenotypic variation. However, most of the evidence for this is theoretical rather than experimental. Here, we study evolutionary biases in two synthetic gene regulatory circuits expressed inE. colithat produce a gene expression stripe - a pivotal pattern in embryonic development. The two parental circuits produce the same phenotype, but create it through different regulatory mechanisms. We show that mutations cause distinct novel phenotypes in the two networks and use a combination of experimental measurements, mathematical modelling and DNA sequencing to understand why mutations bring forth only some but not other novel gene expression phenotypes. Our results reveal that the regulatory mechanisms of networks restrict the possible phenotypic variation upon mutation. Consequently, seemingly equivalent networks can indeed be distinct in how they constrain the outcome of further evolution.
Largely unlinked gene sets targeted by selection for domestication syndrome phenotypes in maize and sorghum
Authors: Lai Xianjun , Yan Lang , Lu Yanli , Schnable James C. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe domestication of diverse grain crops from wild grasses resulted from artificial selection for a suite of overlapping traits producing changes referred to in aggregate as ”domestication syndrome”. Parallel phenotypic change can be accomplished by either selection on orthologous genes, or selection on non-orthologous genes with parallel phenotypic effects. To determine how often artificial selection for domestication traits in the grasses targeted orthologous genes, we employed resequencing data from wild and domesticated accessions of Zea (maize) and Sorghum (sorghum). Many ”classic” domestication genes identified through QTL mapping in populations resulting from wild/domesticated crosses indeed show signatures of parallel selection in both maize and sorghum. However, the overall number of genes showing signatures of parallel selection in both species is not significantly different from that expected by chance. This suggests that, while a small number of genes will extremely large phenotypic effects have been targeted repeatedly by artificial selection during domestication, the optimization portion of domestication targeted small and largely non-overlapping subsets of all possible genes which could produce equivalent phenotypic alterations.