bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propagule pressure and land cover changes as main drivers of red and roe deer expansion in mainland Portugal
Authors: Carvalho João , Torres Rita T. , Acevedo Pelayo , Santos João P. V. , Barros Tânia , Serrano Emmanuel , Fonseca Carlos 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThe management of the rapid expansion of wild ungulate populations is a challenging task and a societal priority. Using a progressive database of red (Cervus elaphus) and roe (Capreolus capreolus) deer colonization over the last three decades, we estimate the range expansion rates and the underlying mechanisms involved in the expansion patterns of red and roe deer populations at the south‐western edge of its European distribution.LocationMainland Portugal.MethodsWe compiled and grouped historical red and roe deer distribution data in three time periods (1981–1990, 1991–2000 and 2001–2010). We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate how biotic and abiotic drivers determine the expansion patterns of red and roe deer.ResultsWe reported a significant expansion of red and roe deer populations during the last three decades. The significant interaction between propagule pressure and land cover suggests that the effects of propagule pressure vary along environmental gradients. We found that the influence of livestock on red and roe deer expansion is idiosyncratic. Contrary to red deer, roe deer expansion was also influenced by climatic conditions. We did not detect any significant effect of human factors on the red and roe deer expansion.Main conclusionsThe synergistic effects between variables should be taken into account when studying the patterns of species expansion. Our study emphasize that policy makers should consider the spatial, temporal, ecological and societal nuances of species expansion in order to prioritize management measures and to allocate management budgets. Although concerted strategies to curtail species spread should mitigate red and roe deer economic and ecological impacts, these effects can be neutralized by a continuous rural exodus and the consequent forest and shrub encroachment.
Food quality affects the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes upon simulated parasite attack in the larvae of greater wax moth
Authors: Krams Indrikis , Kecko Sanita , Inashkina Inna , Trakimas Giedrius , Krams Ronalds , Elferts Didzis , Vrublevska Jolanta , Jõers Priit , Rantala Markus J. , Luoto Severi , Contreras‐Garduño Jorge , Jankevica Līga , Meija Laila , Krama Tatjana 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPredator‐prey interactions are an important evolutionary force affecting the immunity of the prey. Parasitoids and mites pierce the cuticle of their prey, which respond by activating their immune system against predatory attacks. Immunity is a costly function for the organism, as it often competes with other life‐history traits for limited nutrients. We tested whether the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) of the larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) changes as a consequence of insertion of a nylon monofilament, which acts like a synthetic parasite. The treatment was done for larvae grown on a high‐quality vs. a low‐quality diet. The expression of Gloverin and 6‐tox were upregulated in response to the insertion of the nylon monofilament. The expression of 6‐tox, Cecropin‐D, and Gallerimycin were significantly higher in the ‘low‐quality diet’ group than in the ‘high‐quality diet’ group. As food quality seems to affect AMP gene expression in G. mellonella larvae, it should always be controlled for in studies on bacterial and fungal infections in G. mellonella.
Land reform and conflict before the Civil War: landowner response to tenancy reform in 1930s Catalonia
Authors: Domenech Jordi , Herreros Francisco 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article studies the impact of insecure property rights on the behaviour of owners of land before the Spanish Civil War. The theoretical literature on land reform argues that legal threats to the status quo determine agrarian organization, with owners selling land and moving to other asset classes or engaging in large‐scale substitution of sharecroppers and tenants with wage labourers. This study, which uses municipal data on tenant evictions in Catalonia in 1934–5, does not find that uncertainty over property rights in the 1930s meant that owners tried to substitute tenants with wage labourers, especially in the case of the controversial rabassa morta contracts on vineyards. Here it is argued that after 40 years of organizational adjustment to shocks related to phylloxera infestations, legal changes, urbanization, and changes in relative prices, by the 1930s the margin for adjustment was small.
Age heaping and numeracy: looking behind the curtain
Authors: Blum Matthias , Krauss Karl‐Peter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAge‐heaping‐based numeracy indicators have served as valuable tools to derive basic human capital estimates, especially for periods where other indicators are unavailable. However, the accuracy of individual age statements usually remains unknown, and due to the lack of precise information it can only be assumed that excessive occurrence of multiples of five in age distributions reflects inferior numerical skills. This article addresses this lacuna by identifying 162 individuals in two independent data sources: self‐reported age statements and independently kept records which are based on family heritage books and church registers. This method makes it possible to identify individual misreporting and the degree of accuracy of each individual. Findings show that not everyone who reported a multiple of five was reporting an incorrect age, nor was it the case that everyone who reported an age that was not a multiple of five was reporting an accurate age. The empirical analysis shows that the commonly used binary numeracy indicator is correlated with the observed degree of accuracy in age statements, and that a more sophisticated occupational background reduces this inaccuracy. These results tentatively suggest that the commonly used binary indicator measuring age heaping is a valuable proxy for numerical skills and occupational background in a population.
Retail markets in northern and midland England, 1870–1914: civic icon, municipal white elephant, or consumer paradise?
Authors: Mitchell Ian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRetail markets were a notable feature of urban England in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth, particularly in the midlands and north. Market halls were the most visible manifestation of this, and were important public buildings. This article looks beyond the imposing architecture to take a more critical view of their function and justification. It argues that while most were well‐managed and earned income in excess of current expenditure, very substantial investment in large and elaborate buildings was hard to justify in purely financial terms. The return on capital was often negligible. Food and drink traders were the largest group in almost all markets, but there were significant numbers of traders selling clothing, textiles, and household goods. There was some justification to complaints that local authorities were providing publicly financed miscellaneous shops in competition with rent‐ and rate‐paying shopkeepers. Most retailers supplying basic necessities operated from shops rather than markets. Saturday night markets were important in working‐class culture and as a source of cheap food, but most day‐to‐day necessities were purchased from local shops or street traders.
Psychotic‐spectrum symptoms, cumulative adversity exposure and substance use among high‐risk girls
Authors: Lansing Amy E. , Plante Wendy Y. , Fennema‐Notestine Christine , Golshan Shahrokh , Beck Audrey N. 
Published: December 2017

AimPsychotic‐spectrum symptoms are linked to trauma, substance/alcohol use (SAU), criminality/violence and poor functional outcomes, supporting the need for early detection in vulnerable populations. To better understand high‐risk girls’ mental health, we assessed: (1) psychotic‐spectrum symptoms; (2) cumulative trauma, adversity and loss exposures (C‐TALE) and adversity‐indicators (symptoms, maladaptive coping, stressor‐reactivity); and SAU risk‐factors; and (3) relationships among psychotic‐spectrum symptoms, adversity‐indicators and SAU risk‐factors.MethodsWe administered the Structured Clinical Interviews for Psychotic Spectrum, and Trauma and Loss Spectrum to 158 adolescent delinquent girls.ResultsGirls’ psychotic‐spectrum profiles were similar to previously reported adult psychotic patients and characterized by typical symptoms (hallucinations/delusions, reported largely SAU‐independent), interpersonal sensitivity, schizoid traits and paranoia (over‐interpretation, anger over‐reactivity, hypervigilance). Auditory/visual hallucinations (55.7%), delusions (92.4%), ideas of reference (96.8%) and adversity (90.0% ≥10/24 C‐TALE‐types) were common. Mean loss (4) and trauma (8) onset‐age occurred before SAU‐onset (12). Significant positive correlations were found among psychotic‐spectrum symptoms, stressor‐reactivity, C‐TALE, adversity‐indicators; and number of SAU‐types; and a negative correlation occurred between psychotic‐spectrum symptoms and earlier alcohol use onset. After controlling for number of SAU‐types, stressor‐reactivity and adversity‐related numbing individually had the largest associations with total psychotic‐spectrum symptoms (b = 2.6‐4.3). Girls averaged more than 4 maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., 24.8% attempted suicide) in response to adversity, amplifying potential health‐disparities. No racial/ethnic differences emerged on psychotic‐spectrum symptoms.ConclusionsThis symptom constellation during adolescence likely interferes with social and academic functioning. Whether representing a prodromal phase, trauma‐response or cross‐diagnostic psychopathology, accurate early detection and appropriate treatment of psychotic‐spectrum symptoms are warranted to improve functional outcomes in vulnerable populations.
Erythroferrone and iron status parameters levels in pediatric patients with iron deficiency anemia
Authors: El Gendy Fady M. , EL‐Hawy Mahmoud A. , Shehata Amira M. F. , Osheba Hanaa E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the link between serum erythroferrone (ERFE) levels and iron status parameters in pediatric patients with iron deficiency anemia.MethodsThe study consisted of 66 children (36 with iron deficiency anemia and 30 healthy age‐ and gender‐matched controls) who were investigated for serum levels of iron, total iron‐binding capacity (TIBC) using automated chemistry analyzer, serum ferritin using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and ERFE by specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.ResultsSerum erythroferrone levels in iron deficiency anemia patients (191.55 ± 83.74 pg/mL) were significantly higher than those in control group (42.22 ± 16.55 pg/mL) (P < .001). In iron deficiency anemia patients, serum erythroferrone concentrations correlated negatively with hemoglobin concentration (r = −.39; P = .01), serum iron (r = −.63; P < .001), transferrin saturation (r = −.66; P < .001), and serum ferritin (r = −.46; P = .004) while positive correlation was observed between serum erythroferrone concentrations and TIBC (r = .62; P < .001)ConclusionThe newly identified erythroferrone hormone may act as physiological hepcidin suppressor in cases with iron deficiency anemia, and so it may serve as a specific promising target of therapy in such cases.
Delta(but not theta)‐band cortical entrainment involves speech‐specific processing
Authors: Molinaro Nicola , Lizarazu Mikel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCortical oscillations phase‐align to the quasi‐rhythmic structure of the speech envelope. This speech–brain entrainment has been reported in two frequency bands, that is both in the theta band (4–8 Hz) and in the delta band (<4 Hz). However, it is not clear if these two phenomena reflect passive synchronization of the auditory cortex to the acoustics of the speech input, or if they reflect higher processes involved in actively parsing speech information. Here, we report two magnetoencephalography experiments in which we contrasted cortical entrainment to natural speech compared to qualitative different control conditions (Experiment 1: amplitude‐modulated white‐noise; Experiment 2: spectrally rotated speech). We computed the coherence between the oscillatory brain activity and the envelope of the auditory stimuli. At the sensor‐level, we observed increased coherence for the delta and the theta band for all conditions in bilateral brain regions. However, only in the delta band (but not theta), speech entrainment was stronger than either of the control auditory inputs. Source reconstruction in the delta band showed that speech, compared to the control conditions, elicited larger coherence in the right superior temporal and left inferior frontal regions. In the theta band, no differential effects were observed for the speech compared to the control conditions. These results suggest that whereas theta entrainment mainly reflects perceptual processing of the auditory signal, delta entrainment involves additional higher‐order computations in the service of language processing.
Temperature response of plant residue and soil organic matter decomposition in soil from different depths
Authors: Yanni S. F. , Diochon A. , Helgason B. L. , Ellert B. H. , Gregorich E. G. 
Published: December 2017

Evaluating how decomposition responds to temperature is important for understanding the soil's response under a changing climate. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and addition of residue at different soil depths on decomposition of the residue and native soil organic matter (SOM) (i.e. priming). Soil samples from depths of 5–10, 20–25 and 40–45 cm were incubated at 5, 15 and 25 °C with and without 13C‐labelled barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) residue. Respiration, microbial biomass, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and mineral N were measured during the incubation. Respiration from residue and SOM increased with temperature in all treatments. The activation energy (Ea) was smaller in the control subsurface soil, indicating a more labile substrate, which resulted in greater respiration than surface soil when respiration was standardized to the amount of C. With the addition of residue, the subsurface soil respired less than the surface soil because of preferential use of residue‐C over soil organic carbon (SOC) and mineral N limitation. This resulted in negative priming of native SOC in the subsurface soil when residue was added. All PLFA biomarkers increased in the subsurface soil when incubated, even without the addition of residue, indicating a positive response of microbial activity to the optimized incubation conditions. Subsurface soil with small OC content and with small Ea had an active and efficient microbial community and relatively large rates of respiration.Highlights
The response of residue and SOM decomposition to temperature in soil with a C gradient was evaluated.
We assessed residue turnover with 13C in surface and subsurface soils under varying temperatures.
Activation energy was smaller in subsurface than surface soil.
Temperature response of subsoil with small SOC content was similar to that of topsoil.
Applicability of the Guggenheim–Anderson–Boer water vapour sorption model for estimation of soil specific surface area
Authors: Arthur E. , Tuller M. , Moldrup P. , Greve M. H. , Knadel M. , de Jonge L. W. 
Published: December 2017

SummarySoil specific surface area (SA) controls fundamental soil processes such as retention of water, ion exchange, and adsorption and release of plant nutrients and contaminants. Conventional methods for determining SA include adsorption of polar or non‐polar fluid molecules with associated advantages and limitations. The Guggenheim–Anderson–Boer (GAB) sorption model accurately characterizes soil water vapour sorption isotherms and is posited as an alternate approach for the determination of SA from water vapour sorption. The present study investigates the GAB model as an alternative to other water sorption‐based modelling approaches to determine SA. Measured water vapour adsorption and desorption isotherms for 321 soil samples were used to parameterize the GAB model, the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) equation and a film adsorption Tuller–Or (TO) model to estimate SA. For adsorption isotherms, the values of the GAB parameters varied depending on the water activity or relative humidity range of measured data (0.03–0.93 compared with 0.10–0.80), whereas the variation for desorption was minimal. For desorption isotherms, the average water activity value at which the GAB monolayer parameter was obtained was 0.24 for kaolinite‐rich samples, 0.31 for illite‐rich or mixed clay samples, 0.34 for smectitic samples and 0.30 for organic matter‐rich samples, respectively. The GAB model provided reasonable estimates of SA (root mean squared error from 11.6 to 36.4 m2 g−1), in particular for smectite‐rich soil samples, when compared with SA measured by the ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) method. For kaolinitic samples, however, the BET equation provided the best estimate of EGME‐SA. The SA estimates of the GAB model were comparable to those obtained by the TO adsorption model. Thus, the GAB model provides a good alternative to the TO model (applicable only to adsorption data) or the BET model, which fails when the fraction of swelling clay minerals increases.HighlightsGAB, BET and film adsorption models were parameterized with water vapour sorption data.Water activity at GAB monolayer coverage depended on clay mineralogy.Soil organic matter did not affect water activity at monolayer coverage.Estimates of SA from GAB were in accord with EGME‐measured SA.
Construction of green fluorescence protein mutant to monitor STT3B‐dependent N‐glycosylation
Authors: Kitajima Toshihiko , Xue Wei , Liu Yi‐Shi , Wang Chun‐Di , Liu Si‐Si , Fujita Morihisa , Gao Xiao‐Dong 
Published: December 2017

Oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) mediate the en bloc transfer of N‐glycan intermediates onto the asparagine residue in glycosylation sequons (N‐X‐S/T, X≠P). These enzymes are typically heteromeric complexes composed of several membrane‐associated subunits, in which STT3 is highly conserved as a catalytic core. Metazoan organisms encode two STT3 genes (STT3A and STT3B) in their genome, resulting in the formation of at least two distinct OST isoforms consisting of shared subunits and complex specific subunits. The STT3A isoform of OST primarily glycosylates substrate polypeptides cotranslationally, whereas the STT3B isoform is involved in cotranslational and post‐translocational glycosylation of sequons that are skipped by the STT3A isoform. Here, we describe mutant constructs of monomeric enhanced green fluorescent protein (mEGFP), which are susceptible to STT3B‐dependent N‐glycosylation. The endoplasmic reticulum‐localized mEGFP (ER‐mEGFP) mutants contained an N‐glycosylation sequon at their C‐terminus and exhibited increased fluorescence in response to N‐glycosylation. Isoform‐specific glycosylation of the constructs was confirmed by using STT3A‐ or STT3B‐knockout cell lines. Among the mutant constructs that we tested, the ER‐mEGFP mutant containing the N185‐C186‐T187 sequon was the best substrate for the STT3B isoform in terms of glycosylation efficiency and fluorescence change. Our results suggest that the mutant ER‐mEGFP is useful for monitoring STT3B‐dependent post‐translocational N‐glycosylation in cells of interest, such as those from putative patients with a congenital disorder of glycosylation.
Flowering in grassland predicted by CO2 and resource effects on species aboveground biomass
Authors: Fay Philip A. , Aspinwall Michael J. , Collins Harold P. , Gibson Anne E. , Gill Richard H. , Jackson Robert B. , Jin Virginia L. , Khasanova Albina R. , Reichmann Lara G. , Polley H. Wayne 
Published: December 2017

AbstractContinuing enrichment of atmospheric CO2 may change plant community composition, in part by altering the availability of other limiting resources including soil water, nutrients, or light. The combined effects of CO2 enrichment and altered resource availability on species flowering remain poorly understood. We quantified flowering culm and ramet production and biomass allocation to flowering culms/ramets for 10 years in C4‐dominated grassland communities on contrasting soils along a CO2 concentration gradient spanning pre‐industrial to expected mid‐21st century levels (250–500 μl/L). CO2 enrichment explained up to 77% of the variation in flowering culm count across soils for three of the five species, and was correlated with flowering culm count on at least one soil for four of five species. In contrast, allocation to flowering culms was only weakly correlated with CO2 enrichment for two species. Flowering culm counts were strongly correlated with species aboveground biomass (AGB; R2 = .34–.74), a measure of species abundance. CO2 enrichment also increased soil moisture and decreased light levels within the canopy but did not affect soil inorganic nitrogen availability. Structural equation models fit across the soils suggested species‐specific controls on flowering in two general forms: (1) CO2 effects on flowering culm count mediated by canopy light level and relative species AGB (species AGB/total AGB) or by soil moisture effects on flowering culm count; (2) effects of canopy light level or soil inorganic nitrogen on flowering and/or relative species AGB, but with no significant CO2 effect. Understanding the heterogeneity in species responses to CO2 enrichment in plant communities across soils in edaphically variable landscapes is critical to predict CO2 effects on flowering and other plant fitness components, and species potential to adapt to future environmental changes.
A Ba‐free sealing glass with a high coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent interface stability optimized for SOFC/SOEC stack applications
Authors: Ritucci Ilaria , Agersted Karsten , Zielke Philipp , Wulff Anders Christian , Khajavi Peyman , Smeacetto Federico , Sabato Antonio Gianfranco , Kiebach Ragnar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA new glass‐ceramic composition containing Si, Mg, Ca, Na, Al, Zr, and B is presented here as sealant for planar SOFCs/SOECs, with the aim of joining the metallic interconnect (Crofer22APU) to the solid oxide cell (YSZ electrolyte or CGO barrier layer). Characteristic temperature, thermo‐mechanical properties, and compositional variations are reviewed and discussed by thermal analyses and in situ XRD, in order to design and optimize the sealing profile and reduce the residual porosity. The glass after heat treatment partially devitrifies into augite and nepheline with residual glass phase of around 64.3%; after crystallization the glass‐ceramic sealant has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 12.8 × 10−6 K−1 and it is compliant with the other materials typically used for stack components. This work shows that the developed glass‐ceramic can successfully join the ceramic cell with the Crofer22APU (preoxidized and alumina coating), proven by tests on small and large‐scale samples. No signs of unwanted reactions at the glass‐metal and the glass‐cell interface are observed and sufficient gas tightness is achieved.