bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Precipitation over the OLYMPEX Domain during Winter 2015/16
Authors: Cao Qian , Painter Thomas H. , Currier William Ryan , Lundquist Jessica D. , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
To provide ground validation data for satellite precipitation products derived from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, such as IMERG, in cold seasons and where orographic factors exert strong controls on precipitation, the Olympic Mountain Experiment (OLYMPEX) was conducted during winter 2015/16. By utilizing multiple observational resources from OLYMPEX, estimates of daily and finer-scale precipitation are constructed at 1/32° spatial resolution over the OLYMPEX domain. The estimates are based on NOAA WSR-88D and gauge estimates as incorporated in NOAA’s National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) Q3GC product, augmented with an additional 120 gauges available during OLYMPEX. Few stations are located in the interior of the Olympic Peninsula at elevations higher than about 500 m, and in this part of the domain the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrology model is used to invert the snow water equivalent (SWE) estimates, derived from two NASA JPL Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO) snow depth maps on 8–9 February 2016 and 29–30 March 2016, for precipitation through adjustment of the precipitation-weighting factor on a grid cell by grid cell basis. In comparison with this composite product, both IMERG (version 04A) and its Japanese counterpart GSMaP’s (version 04B) satellite-only products tend to underestimate winter precipitation, by 41% and 28%, respectively, over the entire domain from 1 October 2015 to 30 April 2016. The underestimation is more pronounced for the orographically enhanced mountainous interior of the OLYMPEX domain, by 57% and 48%, respectively. In contrast, IMERG and GSMaP storm interarrival time statistics are quite similar to those estimated from gridded observations.
Nonlinear Bias Correction for Satellite Data Assimilation Using Taylor Series Polynomials
Authors: Otkin Jason A. , Potthast Roland , Lawless Amos S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOutput from a high-resolution ensemble data assimilation system is used to assess the ability of an innovative nonlinear bias correction (BC) method that uses a Taylor series polynomial expansion of the observation-minus-background departures to remove linear and nonlinear conditional biases from all-sky satellite infrared brightness temperatures. Univariate and multivariate experiments were performed in which the satellite zenith angle and variables sensitive to clouds and water vapor were used as the BC predictors. The results showed that even though the bias of the entire observation departure distribution is equal to zero regardless of the order of the Taylor series expansion, there are often large conditional biases that vary as a nonlinear function of the BC predictor. The linear first-order term had the largest impact on the entire distribution as measured by reductions in variance; however, large conditional biases often remained in the distribution when plotted as a function of the predictor. These conditional biases were typically reduced to near zero when the nonlinear second- and third-order terms were used. The univariate results showed that variables sensitive to the cloud-top height are effective BC predictors especially when higher-order Taylor series terms are used. Comparison of the statistics for clear-sky and cloudy-sky observations revealed that nonlinear departures are more important for cloudy-sky observations as signified by the much larger impact of the second- and third-order terms on the conditional biases. Together, these results indicate that the nonlinear BC method is able to effectively remove the bias from all-sky infrared observation departures.
Improving Predictions of Precipitation Type at the Surface: Description and Verification of Two New Products from the ECMWF Ensemble
Authors: Gascón Estíbaliz , Hewson Tim , Haiden Thomas 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The medium-range ensemble (ENS) from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) is used to create two new products intended to face the challenges of winter precipitation-type forecasting. The products themselves are a map product that represents which precipitation type is most likely whenever the probability of precipitation is &gt;50% (also including information on lower probability outcomes) and a meteogram product, showing the temporal evolution of the instantaneous precipitation-type probabilities for a specific location, classified into three categories of precipitation rate. A minimum precipitation rate is also used to distinguish dry from precipitating conditions, setting this value according to type, in order to try to enforce a zero frequency bias for all precipitation types. The new products differ from other ECMWF products in three important respects: first, the input variable is discretized, rather than continuous; second, the postprocessing increases the output information content; and, third, the map-based product condenses information into a more accessible format. The verification of both products was developed using four months’ worth of 3-hourly observations of present weather from manual surface synoptic observation (SYNOPs) in Europe during the 2016/17 winter period. This verification shows that the IFS is highly skillful when forecasting rain and snow, but only moderately skillful for freezing rain and rain and snow mixed, while the ability to predict the occurrence of ice pellets is negligible. Typical outputs are also illustrated via a freezing-rain case study, showing interesting changes with lead time.
Autonomia universitária na Constituição de 1988
Authors: Ferraz Anna Candida da Cunha 
Published: November 2017

I- Introdução. II- Considerações gerais: 1. O conceito constitucional de autonomia. 2. As várias espécies de autonomia constitucional. III - A autonomia universitária na Constituição de 05.10.1988 - A - Aspectos da disciplina constitucional da autonomia universitária: 3. A consagração constitucional da autonomia universitária. 4. O artigo 207 quanto à sua natureza e aplicabilidade. 5. A inserção constitucional. a decorrente intangibilidade da autonomia universitária e suas conseqüências. 6. A amplitude e os limites da autonomia universitária. 7. A legislação infraconstitucional e a autonomia universitária. 8. A força expansiva da inserção constitucional da autonomia universitária B - A formalização da autonomia universitária. 9. O conteúdo material dos diplomas normativos universitários. 10. O regime especial das autarquias educacionais. 11. A força normativa dos estatutos universitários. 12. Os atos normativos universitários e o princípio da legalidade. IV - Conclusões
Licitação - Inabilitação - Interpretação abusiva
Authors: Martins Peçanha 
Published: November 2017

- A interpretação das regras do edital de procedimento licita tório não deve ser restritiva. Desde que não possibilitem qualquer prejuízo à administração e aos interessados no certame, é de todo conveniente que compareça à disputa o maior número possível de interessados, para que a proposta mais vantajosa seja encontrada em um universo mais amplo. - O ordenamento jurídico regular da licitação não prestigia decisão assumida pela Comissão de Licitação que inabilita concorrente com base em circunstância impertinente ou irrelevante para o específico objeto do contrato, fazendo exigência sem conteúdo de repercussão para a configuração da habilitação jurídica, da qualificação técnica, da capacidade econômica- financeira e da regularidade fiscal. - Se o edital exige que a prova da habilitação jurídica da empresa deve ser feita apenas, com a apresentação do "ato constitutivo e suas alterações, devidamente registradas ou arquivadas na repartição competente, constando dentre seus objetivos a exclusão de serviços de Radiodifusão ... ", é excessiva e sem fundamento legal a inabilitação de concorrente sob simples afirmação de que cláusulas do contrato social não se harmonizam com o valor do capital social e com o correspondente balanço de abertura, por tal entendimento ser vago e impreciso. - Configura-se excesso de exigência, especialmente por a tanto não pedir o edital, inabilitar concorrente porque os administradores da licitante não assinaram em conjunto com a dos contadores o balanço da empresa. - Segurança concedida. Direitos autorais reservados a Editora Renovar. Consulte este artigo na Biblioteca.
Processo legislativo - Constituição Federal - Direito de iniciativa
Authors: Brindeiro Geraldo 
Published: November 2017

- Processo legislativo: emenda de origem parlamentar, da qual decorreu aumento da despesa prevista, a projeto do Governador do Estado, em matéria reservada a iniciativa do Poder Executivo: inconstitucionalidade, visto serem de observância compulsória pelos Estados as regras básicas do processo legislativo da Constituição Federal - entre as quais as atinentes à reserva de iniciativa - dada a sua implicação com o princípio fundamental da separação e independência dos Poderes.
Processo legislativo - Direito de iniciativa - Inconstitucionalidade
Authors: Brindeiro Geraldo 
Published: November 2017

- A Lei amazonense nº 37/92, que dispõe sobre salário mínimo profissional de servidor público do Estado, diplomado em Engenharia, Arquitetura ou Agronomia, e cria gratificações, tendo sido votado e aprovada mediante iniciativa parlamentar, padece do vício formal de inconstitucionalidade por usurpação da competência privativa do chefe do poder Executivo para desencadear o processo legislativo referente a tais proposições (CF88, artigo 61, § 1º, II, a).- Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade julgada procedente.
Município - Taxa de iluminação pública - Inconstitucionalidade
Authors: Brindeiro Geraldo 
Published: November 2017

Tributário. Município de Niterói. Taxa de iluminação pública. Arts. 176 e 179 da Lei Municipal nº 480, de 24.11.83, com a redação dada pela lei nº 1.244, de 20.12.93. Tributo de exação inviável, posto ter por fato gerador serviço" inespecífico" não mensurável, indivisível e insuscetível de ser referido a determinado contribuinte, a ser custeado por meio do produto da arrecadação dos impostos gerais. Recurso não conhecido, com declaração de inconstitucionalidade dos dispositivos sob epígrafe, que instituíram a taxa do município.
Adicional de tempo de serviço - Cálculo - Lei nova
Authors: Fonteles Cláudio Lemos 
Published: November 2017

Recurso extraordinário. Adicional por tempo de serviço. Lei estadual. Lei Complementar paulista nº 645/1989. Pretensão a que se aplique o sistema da lei nova, considerando já incorporados aos vencimentos os adicionais por tempo de serviço. 2. Ação julgada improcedente na primeira e segunda instâncias. 3. Adotado o novo sistema de cálculo de remuneração com base na Lei Complementar nº 645/1989 e na Lei 6.628/1989, ambas do Estado de São Paulo, não é possível pretenderem os servidores que sua retribuição, disciplinada pelas leis novas, permaneça também vinculada ao regime de cálculo da legislação anterior, quanto aos adicionais por tempo de serviço. 4. Constituição Federal, art. 37, XIV. ADCT de 1988, art. 17.5. Não há, na espécie, cogitar de direito adquirido a uma certa forma de cálculo de vantagens funcionais. Relevante registrar, no caso, que os adicionais por tempo de serviço continuarão a ser computados, segundo aforma estipulada pela lei nova. 6. Orientação de ambas as Turmas do Supremo Tribunal Federal. 7. Agravo regimental a que se nega provimento.
Constituição Estadual - Escolha de Procurador Geral da Justiça - Inconstitucionalidade
Authors: Brindeiro Geraldo 
Published: November 2017

- Plausibilidade de tese inconstitucionalidade das expressões "após a aprovação de seu nome pela maioria absoluta dos membros do Poder Legislativo" e "após aprovação de seu nome pela maioria absoluta dos membros da Assembléia Legislativa ", contidas, respectivamente, no § 1º do art. 99 da Constituição do Estado de Rondônia e no art. 10 da Lei Orgânica do Ministério Público do mesmo Estado, por consagrar critério discrepante do estabelecido no art. 8º, § 3º, da Carta Federal e do princípio da independência e harmonia dos Poderes. - Cautelar deferida.
SEBRAE - Autonomia - Diárias
Authors: Santos Homero 
Published: November 2017

- Como serviço social autônomo deve o SEBRAE adequar suas normas internas sobre concessão de diárias aos princípios da moralidade, impessoalidade e eficiência.- Observados os mesmos princípios, deve elaborar normativo próprio sobre despesas com recepções e serviços equivalentes.
Direito ambiental - Danos - Responsabilidade
Authors: Wald Arnoldo 
Published: November 2017

DO REGIME JURÍDICO DA RESPONSABILIDADE POR DANOS AO MEIO AMBIENTE E SUA APLICAÇÃO NO CASO DE PASSIVO AMBIENTAL OCULTA DECORRENTE DE COMPORTAMENTO DA RFFSA ANTERIOR À PRIVATlZAÇÃO.
Reflexões iniciais sobre o princípio da eficiência
Authors: Harger Marcelo 
Published: November 2017

Introdução - O Estado de Direito e a Limitação do Poder Executivo - A Função Administrativa - O Legislador e a busca da solução que melhor atende aos interesses da coletividade - O princípio da eficiência - O princípio da eficiência e os atos discricionários - Conclusões.
Acumulação - Aposentadoria - Emenda Constitucional nº 20/98
Authors: Bugarin Bento José 
Published: November 2017

- Em face do art. II da Emenda Constitucional nº 20/98 é licita a acumulação de proventos de aposentadoria com novo provimento em cargo de Procurador da Fazenda Nacional anterior à referida emenda.
Concessionária de serviço público - Bens públicos - Direito de uso
Authors: Grau Eros Roberto 
Published: November 2017

Uso de sub-solo de faixas de domínio de rodovias e vias públicas por empresas concessionárias de serviços públicos; bens públicos e seu uso; servidão administrativa, direito restritivo de passagem e preço; serviço público na Constituição de 1988 e afalsa "privatização de serviço público".
Judicial review and the “hard look” doctrine
Authors: Garry Patrick M. 
Published: November 2017

A comparison of legal precedents in judicial review and hard look doctrine. The article approaches a different vision of the origins and reasons for the development of the toughest review patterns reflects by the hard look doctrine. Comparação de precedentes jurídicos da revisão judicial e da doutrina do “hard look”. O artigo aborda uma visão diferente da origem e das razões para o desenvolvimento dos padrões de revisão mais rigorosos refletidos pela doutrina do “hard look”.
Contraceptive Choice and Use of Dual Protection Among Women Living with HIV in Canada: Priorities for Integrated Care
Authors: Kaida Angela , Patterson Sophie , Carter Allison , Loutfy Mona , Ding Erin , Sereda Paul , Webster Kath , Pick Neora , Kestler Mary , de Pokomandy Alexandra ,   on behalf of the CHIWOS Research Team
Published: November 2017

AbstractCONTEXTPreventing unintended pregnancy and HIV transmission is important for women with HIV, but little is known about their contraceptive use, particularly under current antiretroviral therapy (ART) recommendations for treatment and prevention.METHODSThe prevalence of contraceptive use and of dual protection was examined among 453 sexually active women with HIV aged 16–49 and enrolled in the Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study in 2013–2015; multivariable logistic regression was used to identify correlates of use. Two definitions of dual protection were assessed: the World Health Organization (WHO) definition (consistent condom use alongside another effective method) and an expanded definition (consistent condom use or a suppressed HIV viral load alongside an effective method).RESULTSOverall, 73% of women used effective contraceptives, primarily male condoms (45%) or tubal ligation (19%). Eighteen percent practiced WHO‐defined dual protection, and 40% practiced dual protection according to the expanded definition. Characteristics positively associated with contraceptive use were younger age, having been pregnant, being heterosexual, being unaware of ART's HIV prevention benefits and having had partners of unknown HIV status (odds ratios, 1.1–6.7). Younger age and perceived inability to become pregnant were positively associated with both definitions of dual protection (1.04–3.3); additionally, WHO‐defined dual protection was associated with perceiving HIV care to be women‐centered and having had partners of unknown HIV status (2.0–4.1), and dual protection under the expanded definition was related to having been pregnant (2.7).CONCLUSIONSFuture research should explore how sustained ART and broader contraceptive options can support women's sexual and reproductive health care needs.
Biomechanical Comparison of Loaded Countermovement Jumps Performed on Land and in Water
Authors: Louder Talin J , Bressel Eadric , Nardoni Clint , Dolny Dennis G 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Louder, T, Bressel, E, Nardoni, C, and Dolny, D. Biomechanical comparison of loaded countermovement jumps performed on land and in water. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 25–35, 2019—Researchers have observed physical improvements after the completion of aquatic-based jump training. However, there is a lack of research on the biomechanical specificity of aquatic-based movement. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the kinetics and kinematics of loaded countermovement jumps performed in water versus land. Twenty young men and 24 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I female soccer and gymnastics athletes were asked to perform unloaded and loaded countermovement jumps on land and in chest-deep water immersion. A triaxial force platform and 2-dimensional videography produced various kinetic and kinematic measures of jump performance. Peak and mean mechanical power outputs (W) were 88% (8,919 ± 3,744 vs. 4,734 ± 1,418 W; p < 0.001) and 81% (3,640 ± 1,807 vs. 2,011 ± 736 W; p < 0.001) greater for jumps performed in water vs. land. Peak dorsiflexion velocity was 688% faster (44 ± 39 vs. 5.6 ± 5.4 degree·s−1; p < 0.001) for jumps performed in water and tended to model similarly with measures of mechanical power and amortization rate. Body weight normalized peak and mean mechanical power outputs decreased by 23.6 ± 2.7 and 23.8 ± 1.9% when load was added in the water. The addition of load on land was associated with an 8.7 ± 2.3 and 10.5 ± 4.4% decrease in body weight normalized peak and mean mechanical power. Results suggest that the aquatic environment alters movement primarily at amortization and may provide a unique training stimulus. Also, it can be concluded that fluid resistance and buoyancy combine to influence the mechanics of jumping movements performed in the water.
Analysis and Prediction for Time Series on Torque Friction of Rolling Bearings
Authors: Xia X. , Chang Z. , Li Y. , Ye L. , Qiu M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Based on the Cao, mutual information, and small-data methods, the embedding dimension, delay time, and maximum Lyapunov exponent are calculated, respectively, to analyze the chaos characteristics of rolling bearings. The curve attractor of x(t) − x(t + (m − 1)τ)x(t) is constructed to parse the dynamics features on friction torque in the phase space of time series. According to the five prediction methods utilized—one-rank local-region, adding-weight one-rank local-region, improved adding-weight one-rank local-region, dial basis function (RBF) neural network, and Volterra series—the time series of bearings A, B, and C are forecasted with the first 400 experiment data as training values and the latter 57 data as test values to verify the prediction models’ feasibility. Finally, the bootstrap-maximum-entropy method is proposed to effectively fuse the results of these five prediction methods, and obtain the estimation interval and true value of friction torque. Experimental investigation shows that the friction torque phase trajectory has a linear increasing trend. These five forecasting models are effective for friction torque time series prediction with small error and high precision. The range of the fused estimation interval is relatively small, and the maximum error between the estimated true value and the experiment value is only 5.183 %, so the fluctuation information and the change trends of friction torque are accurately described. Moreover, the proposed models do not consider the probability distribution and trend information of the research system, breaking from the features of traditional statistical models.
Optogenetic Activation of thefruitless-Labeled Circuitry inDrosophila subobscuraMales Induces Mating Motor Acts
Authors: Tanaka Ryoya , Higuchi Tomohiro , Kohatsu Soh , Sato Kosei , Yamamoto Daisuke 
Published: November 2017

It remains an enigma how the nervous system of different animal species produces different behaviors. We studied the neural circuitry for mating behavior inDrosophila subobscura, a species that displays unique courtship actions not shared by other members of the genera including the genetic modelD. melanogaster, in which the core courtship circuitry has been identified. We disrupted theD. subobscura fruitless(fru) gene, a master regulator for the courtship circuitry formation inD. melanogaster, resulting in complete loss of mating behavior. We also generatedfrusoChrimV, which expresses the optogenetic activator Chrimson fused with a fluorescent marker under the nativefrupromoter. Thefru-labeled circuitry inD. subobscuravisualized byfrusoChrimVrevealed differences between females and males, optogenetic activation of which in males induced mating behavior including attempted copulation. These findings provide a substrate for neurogenetic dissection and manipulation of behavior in non-model animals, and will help to elucidate the neural basis for behavioral diversification.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow did behavioral specificity arise during evolution? Here we attempted to address this question by comparing the parallel genetically definable neural circuits controlling the courtship behavior ofDrosophila melanogaster, a genetic model, and its relative,D. subobscura, which exhibits a courtship behavioral pattern unique to it, including nuptial gift transfer. We found that thesubobscura fruitlesscircuit, which is required for male courtship behavior, was slightly but clearly different from itsmelanogastercounterpart, and that optogenetic activation of this circuit inducedsubobscura-specific behavior, i.e., regurgitating crop contents, a key element of transfer of nuptial gift. Our study will pave the way for determining how and which distinctive cellular elements within thefruitlesscircuit determine the species-specific differences in courtship behavior.
Study to compare between paperless partogram and modified who partogram in management of labour
Authors: Sarojini Veena L , Sarojini . , Anagondanahalli Prathima , Prakash . , Suchitra . 
Published: November 2017

Background: Partogram is being used since 1954 when Friedman described it for monitoring progress of labour. The Paperless Partogram proposed by Dr. Debdas is a low-skill method for detection of abnormal labour. The main aim of the study is to know efficacy and user friendliness of paperless partogram in comparison with WHO partogram in monitoring and management of labour.Methods: It’s a prospective observational study conducted at Vanivilas hospital where 200 women in labour were included. 6 resident doctors in shifts were asked to fill partograms 100 each for paperless (group A) and WHO (group B).Results: Paperless partogram has scored better than WHO partogram in terms of documentation, learning, time for data entry, cost effectiveness and monitoring of labour.Conclusions: In our study paperless partogram was found to be preferred for monitoring of labour.