bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parentally acquired differences in resource acquisition ability between brown trout from alternative life history parentage
Authors: Hughes Martin R. , Van Leeuwen Travis E. , Cunningham Peter D. , Adams Colin E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDominance hierarchies, where they exist, affect individual food acquisition ability and fitness, both of which have the potential to influence life history pathways. Juvenile salmonids exhibit clear dominance hierarchies in early life. As one of the drivers for the adoption of alternative life histories in salmonids is the relative rate of resource acquisition, there is potential for juvenile behaviour to influence the subsequent life history strategy of the individual. Lacustrine brown trout, Salmo trutta, exhibit a multitude of life histories which includes among others the piscivorous (ferox) life history where individuals grow to large size and have delayed maturity and benthivorous and pelagic life histories where individuals grow to much smaller sizes, however mature earlier. Using a number of observable characteristics of dominance, this study compared differences in behaviour between size‐matched pairs of progeny, reared under common garden conditions which are derived from alternative, co‐existing life history strategy parents. We found that first‐generation progeny of ferox trout were more aggressive, acquired more food, had lighter skin pigmentation and held more desirable positions than the progeny of benthivorous brown trout in an experimental stream system. Ferox trout progeny were dominant over benthivorous brown trout progeny in 90% of trials in dyadic contests. Given such clear differences in dominance, this study indicates that parentally acquired dominance‐related differences, passed through either, or both, of genetic and nongenetic (e.g. maternal effects) means, are likely a contributing factor to the continued maintenance of distinct life history strategies of brown trout.
Safety profiles of iron chelators in young patients with haemoglobinopathies
Authors: Botzenhardt Sebastian , Li Niya , Chan Esther W. , Sing Chor Wing , Wong Ian C. K. , Neubert Antje 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis review describes the safety of deferoxamine (DFO), deferiprone (DFP), deferasirox (DFX) and combined therapy in young patients less than 25 yr of age with haemoglobinopathies.MethodsSearches in electronic literature databases were performed. Studies reporting adverse events associated with iron chelation therapy were included. Study and reporting quality was assessed using AHRQ Risk of Bias Assessment Tool and McMaster Quality Assessment Scale of Harms. Prospective clinical studies were pooled in a random‐effects meta‐analysis of proportions.ResultsSafety data of 2040 patients from 34 studies were included. Ninety‐two case reports of 246 patients were identified. DFX (937 patients) and DFP (667 patients) possess the largest published safety evidence. Fewer studies on combination regimens are available. Increased transaminases were seen in all regimens (3.9–31.3%) and gastrointestinal disorders with DFP and DFX (3.7–18.4% and 5.8–18.8%, respectively). Therapy discontinuations due to adverse events were low (0–4.1%). Reporting quality was selective and poor in most of the studies.ConclusionIron chelation therapy is generally safe in young patients, and published data correspond to summary of product characteristics. Each iron chelation regimen has its specific safety risks. DFO seems not to be associated with serious adverse effects in recommended doses. In DFP and DFX, rare, but serious, adverse reactions can occur. Data on combined therapy are scarce, but it seems equally safe compared to monotherapy.
Anthropometrics and prognosis in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: a multicentre study of 653 patients
Authors: Bendtsen Mette Dahl , Munksgaard Peter Svenssen , Severinsen Marianne Tang , Bekric Eric , Brieghel Christian , Nielsen Kristina Buchardi , Brown Peter de Nully , Dybkær Karen , Johnsen Hans Erik , Bøgsted Martin , El‐Galaly Tarec Christoffer 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe impact of body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) on survival in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is controversial. Recent studies show superior outcomes for overweight and obese patients.Patients and methodsA total of 653 R‐CHOP(‐like)‐treated DLBCL patients were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patients, baseline clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment information were retrieved from the Danish Lymphoma Registry. Anthropometric measures were obtained from chemotherapy prescription charts.ResultsUnderweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) was associated with significantly worse progression‐free survival (PFS) for male patients only in sex‐stratified analyses (HR 3.92, 95% CI: 1.57–9.75, P = 0.003, for males; HR 1.65, 95% CI: 0.90–3.02, P = 0.107, for females). In multivariate analyses, underweight was associated with worse PFS for both sexes (HR 5.34, 95% CI: 2.07–13.79, P = 0.001, for males; HR 2.14, 95% CI: 1.12–4.08, P = 0.021, for females). Similar results were obtained in analyses of overall survival. In crude analyses, BSA <1.8 m2 was associated with worse PFS for men and women (HR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.03–2.65, P = 0.039, for men; HR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.03–2.56, P = 0.037, for women). In multivariate analyses, however, these associations diminished.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that underweight DLBCL patients have worse outcomes following R‐CHOP as compared to normal as well as overweight patients.
Synaesthesia lost and found: two cases of person‐ and music‐colour synaesthesia
Authors: Farina Francesca R. , Mitchell Kevin J. , Roche Richard A. P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSynaesthesia is a developmental condition involving cross‐communication between sensory modalities or substreams whereby an inducer (e.g. a sound) automatically evokes a concurrent percept in another modality (e.g. a colour). Whether this condition arises due to atypical structural connectivity (e.g., between normally unconnected cortical areas) or altered neurochemistry remains a central question. We report the exceptional cases of two synaesthetes – subjects AB and CD – both of whom experience coloured auras around individuals, as well as coloured perceptions in response to music. Both subjects have, in recent years, suffered a complete loss or reduction of their synaesthetic experiences, one (AB) through successive head traumas, including a lightning strike, followed by a number of medications, and the other (CD) while taking anxiolytic medications. Using semi‐structured interviews and data from the Synaesthesia Battery and a colourpicker task, we characterize the phenomenological characteristics of their pre‐loss synaesthesia, as well as the subsequent restoration of each subject's synaesthetic experiences (in the months post‐trauma for AB, and after cessation of medication for CD). Even after years of suppression, the patterns of associations were highly consistent with those experienced pre‐injury. The phenomenological experience of synaesthesia can, thus, like most conscious experiences, be modulated by pharmacologically diverse medications or head injury. However, the underlying neural substrates mediating specific synaesthetic pairings appear remarkably ‘hard‐wired’ and can persist over very long periods even under conditions that alter or completely suppress the conscious synaesthetic experience itself.
JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib inhibits the expression of cytokines characteristic of cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: Klaeschen Anna Sophie , Wolf Dominik , Brossart Peter , Bieber Thomas , Wenzel Joerg 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study was stimulated by the clinical observation of a rapid response of a chilblain lupus patient to treatment with JAK1/2‐kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib. We investigated the in vivo expression of phospho‐JAK2 in CLE skin samples as well as the immunomodulatory in vitro effect of ruxolitinib in cultured immortalized keratinocytes and in a 3D human epidermis model (epiCS). Our results demonstrate that ruxolitinib significantly decreases the production of CLE‐typical cytokines (CXCL10, CXCL9, MxA) and might be a promising drug for future clinical studies in patients with CLE and related autoimmune skin diseases.
Interleukin (IL)‐6 modulates transforming growth factor‐β receptor I and II (TGF‐βRI and II) function in epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Luckett‐Chastain Lerin R. , Cottrell Mackenzie L. , Kawar Bethany M. , Ihnat Michael A. , Gallucci Randle M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIt been shown that IL‐6 modulates TGF‐β1 expression in fibroblasts, however, what role IL‐6 plays concerning TGF‐βR expression and function in skin is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which IL‐6 might modulates TGF‐β receptors in skin. Skin from WT, IL‐6 over‐expressing mice and IL‐6 treated keratinocyte cultures was analysed for TGF‐βRI and TGF‐βRII expression via histology, PCR and flow cytometry. Receptor function was assessed by cell migration, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) proliferation assays, and Smad7 expression and Smad2/3 phosphorylation. Receptor localization within the membrane was determined by co‐immunoprecipitation. IL‐6 overexpression and treatment increased TGF‐βRII expression in the epidermis. IL‐6 treatment of keratinocytes induced TGF‐βRI and II expression and augmented TGF‐β1‐induced function as demonstrated through increased migration and decreased proliferation. Additionally, IL‐6 treatment of keratinocytes altered receptor activity as indicated by altered Smad2/3 phosphorylation and increased Smad7 and membrane localization. These results suggest that IL‐6 regulates keratinocyte function by modulating TGF‐βRI and II expression and signal transduction via trafficking of the receptor to lipid raft pools.
The biomarker landscape in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
Authors: Dulmage Brittany , Geskin Larisa , Guitart Joan , Akilov Oleg E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe practice of pre‐emptive individualized medicine is predicated on the discovery, development and application of biomarkers in specific clinical settings. Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome are the two most common type of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, yet diagnosis, prognosis and disease monitoring remain a challenge. In this review, we discuss the current state of biomarker discovery in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, highlighting the most promising molecules in different compartments. Further, we emphasize the need for continued multicentre efforts to validate available and new biomarkers and to develop prospective combinatorial panels of already discovered molecules.
Synergistic effects of polydatin and vitamin C in inhibiting cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in rats
Authors: Wang Hui‐Lin , Cui Xiao‐Hua , Yu Hai‐Lun , Wu Rong , Xu Xu , Gao Jian‐Ping 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the synergistic effect of polydatin and vitamin C on attenuating cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DOX) in rats. Polydatin could significantly increase the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the heart rate, attenuate myocardial pathological damage, decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) content, slightly increase arterial pressure and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity, reduce intervals of QRS, QT, and ST, and lower free fatty acid (FFA) content. The combination of polydatin and vitamin C could significantly increase arterial pressure and heart rate, decrease QRS interval and slightly reduce ST and QT intervals, significantly attenuate myocardial pathological damage, increase the activities of GSH‐Px,T‐SOD, Na+K+‐ATPase, and Ca2+Mg2+‐ATPase, elevate phosphocreatine (PCr) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents, slightly increase adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and total adenine nucleotide (TAN) contents and PCr/ATP, and significantly decrease the contents of MDA and FFA, when compared with those in the DOX group. Meanwhile, the improvement effects on FFA content, the activities of ATPase and SOD, and contents of ATP and TAN in combination group were more obvious than those in polydatin group, and the improvement effects on arterial pressure, heart rate, interval of QRS, GSH‐Px activity, and MDA, ADP, and PCr contents in combination group were slightly obvious when compared with those in polydatin group. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of AMPK‐α2 and PPAR‐α were slightly improved in combination group. The results illustrate that the combination of polydatin and vitamin C has the ability to enhance the myocardial protective effects by its antioxidative effect and improve energy metabolism.
SMARCE1 mutation screening in classification of clear cell meningiomas
Authors: Smith Miriam J , Ahn Soomin , Lee Jung‐Il , Bulman Michael , Plessis Daniel du , Suh Yeon‐Lim 
Published: November 2016

AimsClear cell meningioma (CCM) is a rare subtype of meningioma and shows not only unusual histology, but also unique clinical features. Recently, SMARCE1 mutations have been shown to cause spinal and cranial CCMs. We present 12 cases which were diagnosed with CCM in a single institution between 1997 and 2014, and investigate their SMARCE1 mutation status.Methods and resultsTo investigate the SMARCE1 mutation status of these tumours, we used a combination of Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification analysis and also performed SMARCE1 immunohistochemical staining. We found both SMARCE1 mutational hits, including novel SMARCE1 mutations, in six of eight tested patients. Immunohistochemical analysis showed loss of SMARCE1 protein staining in all but two cases. Two individuals who were diagnosed originally with CCM were negative for SMARCE1 mutations, but tested positive for NF2 mutations. As a result, these two tumours were re‐analysed and eventually reclassified, as a microcystic and a mixed pattern of meningothelial meningioma with focal clear cell areas, respectively.ConclusionsThese results expand the spectrum of pathogenic variants in SMARCE1 and show that mutation screening can help to facilitate meningioma classification. This may have implications for prognosis and future clinical management of patients, as CCMs are classed as grade II tumours, while microcystic and meningothelial meningiomas are classed as grade I.
Does chemical preconditioning contribute to the effectiveness of scaling and root planing? An in vitro pilot investigation
Authors: Becker M , Ciupka J , Pierchalla T , Fischer KR , Friedmann A 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesA solution based on hypochlorite and amino acids was introduced to improve cleaning efficacy on the root surfaces. The purpose of this in vitro pilot study was to evaluate the time reduction and number of strokes required to clean untreated root surfaces in vitro.MethodsSixty extracted human teeth displaying areas with subgingival calculus were assigned equally to one of three treatment groups (n = 20) according to the size of occupied areas, estimated by the number of pixels. The groups were assigned to either 30 s penetration time (I) or 300 s (II) or no pretreatment application (III). The weight for instrumentation was calibrated for a M25A curette (Deppeler/Switzerland) with 500 g. A new set of tools was used for each group, and each instrument was sharpened after single use by an EasySharp Device (Deppeler/Switzerland).ResultsThe time (in seconds) for instrumentation was recorded as follows: Group I: 32/23.5/50 (median/first quartile/third quartile); group II: 33/20/52.5; group III: 46.5/35.5/52.3. The results for the numbers of strokes were: Group I: 18/14.3/28; group II: 18.5/13/30.5; group III: 17.5/15/25. No statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the three groups for the variables ‘time’ and ‘number of strokes’.ConclusionsWithin the limits of this in vitro pilot study, preconditioning of the calculus on root surfaces with an alkaline solution failed to reduce the number of strokes and time of instrumentation significantly.
A Tutorial on Palm Distributions for Spatial Point Processes
Authors: Coeurjolly Jean‐François , Møller Jesper , Waagepetersen Rasmus 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThis tutorial provides an introduction to Palm distributions for spatial point processes. Initially, in the context of finite point processes, we give an explicit definition of Palm distributions in terms of their density functions. Then we review Palm distributions in the general case. Finally, we discuss some examples of Palm distributions for specific models and some applications.
Friendships and Intimate Relationships among People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Thematic Synthesis
Authors: Fulford Casey , Cobigo Virginie 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThe purpose of this thematic synthesis was to review qualitative studies on perspectives of persons with intellectual disabilities regarding friendships and intimate relationships.Materials and methodsA literature search was conducted, including studies published between 2004 and 2014, involving participants 14 years of age or older, who had intellectual disabilities, and participated in focus groups or interviews.ResultsEighteen studies were included. Three master themes were identified: (i) How do I know someone is my friend? (ii) How do I know someone is my boyfriend or girlfriend? and (iii) What helps and hinders relationships?ConclusionsUnderstanding how people with intellectual disabilities describe relationships, and being aware of factors that support and impede relationships, will aid stakeholders in developing training, policies, programmes and services. Knowledge translation of research that focuses on strategies aimed at supporting relationships is crucial to affect change in applied settings and improve quality of life for persons with intellectual disabilities.
Different effect of testosterone and oestrogen on urinary excretion of metformin via regulating OCTs and MATEs expression in the kidney of mice
Authors: He Rui , Ai Ligen , Zhang Dandan , Wan Lili , Zheng Taishan , Yin Jun , Lu Huijuan , Lu Junxi , Lu Fengdi , Liu Fang , Jia Weiping 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of testosterone and oestrogen on regulating organic cation transporters (Octs) and multidrug and toxin extrusions (Mates) expression in the kidney of mice and urinary excretion of metformin. 8 week‐old male db/db mice were treated with estradiol (5 mg/kg), testosterone (50 mg/kg) or olive oil with same volume. Metformin (150 mg/kg) was injected in daily for successive 7 days. Plasma, urine and tissue concentrations of metformin were determined by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS) assay. Western blotting and Real‐time PCR analysis were successively used to evaluate the renal protein and mRNA expression of Octs and MATEs. After treatment, the protein expression of Mate1 and Oct2 in testosterone group was significantly increased than those in control group (both P < 0.05). The protein expression of Mate1 and Oct2 in estradiol group was significantly reduced by 29.4% and 43.3%, respectively, compared to those in control group (all P < 0.05). These data showed a good agreement with the change in mRNA level (all P < 0.05). The plasma metformin concentration (ng/ml) in mice treated with estradiol was significantly higher than control and testosterone group (677.56 ± 72.49 versus 293.92 ± 83.27 and 261.46 ± 79.45; P < 0.01). Moreover, testosterone increased the metformin urine excretion of mice while estradiol decreasing (both P < 0.01). Spearman correlation analysis showed that gonadal hormone was closely associated with Mate1 and Oct2 expression and metformin urine excretion in db/db mice (all P < 0.05). Testosterone and oestrogen exerted reverse effect on metformin urinary excretion via regulating Octs and Mates expression in the kidney of mice.
A novel heterozygous COL4A4 missense mutation in a Chinese family with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Wu Yuan , Hu Pengzhi , Xu Hongbo , Yuan Jinzhong , Yuan Lamei , Xiong Wei , Deng Xiong , Deng Hao 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFocal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common glomerular histological lesion associated with high‐grade proteinuria and end‐stage renal disease. Histologically, FSGS is characterized by focal segmental sclerosis with foot process effacement. The aim of this study was to identify the disease‐causing mutation in a four‐generation Chinese family with FSGS. A novel missense mutation, c.1856G>A (p.Gly619Asp), in the collagen type IV alpha‐4 gene (COL4A4) was identified in six patients and it co‐segregated with the disease in this family. The variant is predicted to be disease‐causing and results in collagen IV abnormalities. Our finding broadens mutation spectrum of the COL4A4 gene and extends the phenotypic spectrum of collagen IV nephropathies. Our study suggests that exome sequencing is a cost‐effective and efficient approach for identification of disease‐causing mutations in phenotypically complex or equivocal disorders. Timely screening for COL4A3/COL4A4 mutations in patients with familial FSGS may help both accurately diagnose and treat these patients.
Effects of the Roasting Process Over the Content of Secondary Metabolites from Peanut Grains (Arachis hypogaea. L) with Different Colorations of Testa
Authors: Ferreira Cristiano Dietrich , Ziegler Valmor , Bubolz Vanessa Kern , Da Silva Jennifer , Cardozo Michele Maciel Crizel , Elias Moacir Cardoso , De Oliveira Mauricio 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPeanut grains are source of proteins and lipids in food and generally consumed after the roasting process. This study focused on: (1) the evaluation of the content of the soluble and insoluble phenolic compounds and flavonoids, total anthocyanin and tocopherols and (2) the relationship of these compounds with the antioxidant activity (ABTS) in peanut grains with different colorations of testa (red, rose, striped and black), subject to the roasting process in an hot air oven and a microwave oven. Increases in the content of soluble phenolics along with reductions in insoluble phenolics, total anthocyanins and tocopherol were observed, without much interference in the antioxidant capacity (ABTS). The highest antioxidant capacity was found in the samples that initially had the highest soluble phenolic compounds. Although the roasting induced a release of insoluble phenolics, transforming them into soluble compounds, this change was not able to alter the antioxidant capacity of the peanuts.Practical ApplicationsThe roasting is the main method used in the pre‐consumption of peanuts, providing several chemical and structural modifications due to the high temperatures used in this process. It is important to have the knowledge about changes promoted in the metabolic profile of peanut grains subjected to roasting process in microwave oven (more fast) and hot air oven (more slow), because these compounds have several important functions in the human body. With this study we observed three main answers: (1) roasting degrade the total phenolic compounds (soluble + insoluble) in most treatments; (2) the complexed phenolic compounds were more soluble after roasting the peanut grains; and (3) the roasting process in the microwave oven is faster and promote greater release of the metabolites insoluble to the soluble phase, when compared to roasted in oven.