bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial dysfunction may promote keloid growth
Authors: Noishiki Chikage , Takagi Gen , Kubota Yoshiaki , Ogawa Rei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractKeloid is a cutaneous fibroproliferative disorder. It results from impaired wound healing that generates persistent inflammation and extensive deposition of collagen fibers in the wound/scar. Keloids tend to be worse in hypertensive patients. The present prospective cross‐sectional study assessed whether endothelial dysfunction, which occurs in hypertension, associates with keloid formation and progression. This study included randomly selected patients with keloids who were assessed for surgical keloid treatment in 2013–2014. A series of nonkeloid patients admitted to the hospital was also recruited during this period. To measure endothelial function, all patients underwent digital reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry. Test results were expressed as reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and augmentation index (AI). In total, 57 patients with keloids and 19 nonkeloid controls were recruited. Keloid patients did not differ from the controls in terms of demographic or clinical variables, but had significantly worse RHI and AI values. Moreover, poor RHI and AI values associated with keloid development on binomial logistic regression. The keloid patients were then divided into four groups depending on whether their keloids started at age 0–12, 13–18, 19–29, or ≥30 years. Patients whose keloids arose before and well after puberty tended to have lower RHI than the controls, but these differences did not achieve statistical significance. However, these two groups did have significantly poorer AI values than the controls. Thus, endothelial dysfunction could cause keloid formation and/or aggravation. This indicates that vascular endothelial cells are important for wound healing.
La autoridad privada en la gobernanza global. Una aproximación desde el arbitraje internacional de inversiones
Authors: Toro Valencia José A. 
Published: December 2017

Este texto trata la emergencia de la autoridad privada en la gobernanza global contemporánea a partir del papel que desempeñan las oficinas globales de abogados en la gestión de un régimen internacional específico como el del arbitraje internacional de inversiones. El objetivo de la investigación es demostrar la presencia e influencia de los actores privados en la administración de agendas, temas y asuntos globales, que se deriva de su consideración como autoridades de naturaleza privada. Los arbitrajes CIADI relacionados con la crisis económica y política de la Argentina en el período 1999-2002 son el caso de estudio que permite ilustrar la presencia de la autoridad privada en la conducción de un régimen internacional.
Evolución del derecho internacional sobre la infancia
Authors: Rea Granados Sergio Alejandro 
Published: December 2017

<p>Este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo conocer los antecedentes<br />y la evolución internacional histórica en el reconocimiento de los derechos<br />de la niñez que dieron origen al principio de interés superior mediante el<br />método dogmático para entender su significado, naturaleza y alcance,<br />que posteriormente fue adoptado por el derecho internacional a favor de<br />la protección de los derechos de los niños.</p><p> </p>
Sustracción internacional de menores: jurisprudencia reciente de los tribunales superiores de justicia chilenos
Authors: Rizik Mulet Lucía 
Published: December 2017

<p>El siguiente artículo es una revisión de la jurisprudencia chilena reciente en materia de sustracción internacional de niños. El objetivo general es demostrar que los tribunales chilenos prefieren resolver cuestiones relativas a la custodia en el marco del Convenio sobre los Aspectos Civiles de la Sustracción Internacional de Menores, lo cual desatiende sus objetivos. Sin embargo, poco a poco, los tribunales superiores de justicia chilenos han procurado, de manera incipiente asegurar el retorno del niño a su lugar de residencia habitual; así, interpreta de manera restrictiva las excepciones al retorno del niño. La metodología utilizada fue el análisis jurisprudencial, con una revisión crítica de las sentencias, en el marco de las posiciones doctrinarias que sustentan que el interés superior del niño en el ámbito del Convenio sobre aspectos civiles de la sustracción internacional de menores, se identifica con la protección del niño de los efectos de la sustracción, y el resguardo de que sea la autoridad administrativa o judicial del lugar de residencia habitual la que tome la decisión sobre la guarda o custodia del niño.</p>
La naturaleza jurídico-internacional de los acuerdos de paz y sus consecuencias en la implementación
Authors: Amaya-Villarreal Alvaro Francisco , Guzman-Duarte Valeria 
Published: December 2017

<p>El presente artículo indaga el debate sobre la naturaleza jurídicointernacional del Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz estable y duradera y los efectos legales que ello tendría a la luz del derecho constitucional colombiano. De esta forma, explora el alcance de distintas fuentes de derecho internacional público a efectos de verificar si el mencionado Acuerdo cumple con los elementos necesarios para calificarlo como norma de derecho internacional público.</p>
El papel de las reparaciones en la justicia transicional colombiana: aportes desde una visión teleológica
Authors: Londoño-Lázaro María Carmelina , Gutiérrez-Perilla María Del Pilar , Roa-Sánchez Paula Andrea 
Published: December 2017

El reconocimiento e implementación de medidas de reparación se constituye en un aspecto cardinal en las sociedades en transición como la colombiana. El presente artículo se pregunta por el fundamento del deber de reparar a las víctimas de violaciones a los derechos humanos a partir de diversas teorías de justicia, proponiendo una visión teleológica como la más adecuada para lograr las aspiraciones ultimas de una sociedad que busca superar el conflicto y lograr una paz estable y duradera. Este enfoque propone potenciar el papel de las reparaciones de cara a los fines últimos de la justicia transicional, articulando derechos individuales y colectivos, así como condiciones favorables para avanzar en los proyectos de vida personales de las víctimas y de la sociedad en general, a partir de la reivindicación de la noción de bien común. Así pues, se plantea una lógica pluridimensional que rescata tres dimensiones de las reparaciones: individual, colectiva y trascendental. Partiendo de lo anterior, se formulan algunos efectos jurídico-políticos prácticos que resultarían de la aplicación de esta visión teleológica pluridimensional.
Respuesta del ligamento periodontal a la avulsión dental. Reporte de caso / Periodontal Ligament Response to Dental Avulsion. Case Report
Authors: Solórzano Santos Raúl , Díaz-Caballero Antonio José , Covo Morales Eduardo 
Published: December 2017

RESUMEN. Antecedentes: La avulsión es un tipo de lesión traumática poco frecuente en la dentición permanente. La reabsorción radicular externa es un evento común posterior al reimplante de un diente avulsionado. Objetivo: Reportar un caso de trauma de dos dientes reimplantados, en el que se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios con 26 semanas de seguimiento. Reporte del caso: Manejo clínico de paciente de sexo masculino de 8 años de edad que se presenta a la clínica del Postgrado de Endodoncia de la Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia, con antecedente de avulsión y posterior reimplante con ferulización de los dos incisivos centrales superiores. Los dientes fueron preparados hasta lima 50 tipo K, medicados con hidróxido de calcio y obturados con MTA. Resultados: Se observó cicatrización de la superficie radicular con disminución de las zonas de reabsorción externa radicular después de 26 semanas de seguimiento. Conclusión: La reabsorción radicular externa en dientes avulsionados reimplantados puede contrarrestarse en la medida que hayan sido manejados con conocimiento profesional, dentro de un marco de tiempo y condiciones biológicas. ABSTRACT. Background: Dental avulsion is a rare traumatic lesion in permanent teeth. External root resorption is a common event after reimplantation of an avulsed tooth. Purpose: To report a case of two reimplanted teeth with satisfactory results after controls during 26 weeks. Case report: Clinical management of an 8-year-old boy that seeks attention in the clinic of the Postdoctoral Program in Endodontics of University of Cartagena with background of avulsion of both central upper incisors. The teeth were prepared up to a type K # 50 file, medicated with calcium hydroxide and later filled with MTA. Results: Healing was observed on the root surface with reduction of the external radicular resorption after a 26-week follow-up. Conclusion: External radicular resorption can be counteracted as long as its handling was performed professionally within parameters of time and biological conditions.
Cambios histomorfométricos en dentina al utilizar biomodificadores radiculares. Revisión sistemática / Histomorphometric Changes in Root Dentine after using Biomodifiers. A Systematic Review
Authors: Tous Yemail Paola Inés , García Ferrer Sandra Yasnini , Covo Morales Eduardo , Fang Mercado Luis Carlos 
Published: December 2017

<p><strong>ABSTRACT. </strong><strong><em>Background</em></strong>: The success of endodontic therapy depends on an optimal biomechanical preparation, which includes removal of smear layer formed during root canal preparation. Smear layer adheres to the dentin surface and occludes the tubules, preventing the adhesion of the sealant material. It must be removed through irrigants that cause changes on the dentinal surface. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, and tetracycline have been used as irrigants. <strong><em>Purpose</em></strong>: To identify changes in dentine after applying EDTA, citric acid, and tetracycline as irrigants, as described in available literature. <strong><em>Methods</em></strong>: In this systematic review, histomorphometric changes in dentin surface observed after using root biomodifiers, regarding application time and concentration of solution. The sample consisted of 20 articles selected from a population of 889 articles found and published between 2009 and 2016. The overall measure of results was the standard difference of dentinal demineralization depth, obtained for each solution. <strong><em>Results</em></strong>: According to the literature, the depth of demineralization is directly proportional to exposition time and concentration after application of the irrigant. Regarding other variables, such as pH, evidence was limited to draw conclusions. Thus, it is suggested there is not enough scientific evidence to support this type of study. <strong><em>Conclusions</em>:</strong> Dentinal changes that occur after using root biomodifiers depend on the length of the application time and its concentration.</p>
Calidad de vida de los odontólogos en Colombia. Revisión exploratoria de la literatura / Quality of Life of Dentists in Colombia. Exploratory Literature Review
Authors: Donatres Giraldo Jazmín Astrid , Rojas Amador Mayra Alejandra , Jiménez Barbosa Wilson Giovanni 
Published: December 2017

<p><strong>ABSTRACT. </strong><strong><em>Background:</em></strong> This article is a theoretical reflection, from which an empirical study will be carried out, about the current quality of life of dentists in Colombia. <strong><em>Objective:</em></strong> To reflect, based on available literature, about changes in the quality of life of dentists in Colombia. <strong><em>Methods:</em></strong> This was qualitative study based on document analysis. The design was an exploratory review of literature. <strong><em>Results:</em></strong> Even though national and international literature on this topic is scarce, the documents reviewed show that quality of life among dentists in Colombia has been affected because work conditions have deteriorated. Therefore, income has decreased and wellbeing is not comparable to what these professionals used to enjoy 30 years ago. This situation is associated to factors like the enacting of Law 100 of 1993 and the multiplication of dental schools nationwide. Thus, there is an excessive offer of professional in some zones, mainly cities, who get low-wage jobs and poor working conditions. <strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong> Even though existing studies are limited in territorial scope, there is evidence of the deterioration of the quality of life among dentists in Colombia. However, more studies with national coverage are necessary to better understand the way in which dentists’ social, economic, and labor contexts have been affected.</p>
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Adhesin-Toxoid Multiepitope Fusion Antigen CFA/I/II/IV-3xSTa
N12S
-mnLT
G192G/L211A
-Derived Antibodies Inhibit Adherence of Seven Adhesins, Neutralize Enterotoxicity of LT and STa Toxins, and Protect Piglets against Diarrhea
Authors: Nandre Rahul , Ruan Xiaosai , Lu Ti , Duan Qiangde , Sack David , Zhang Weiping 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
(ETEC) strains are a leading cause of children's diarrhea and travelers' diarrhea. Vaccines inducing antibodies to broadly inhibit bacterial adherence and to neutralize toxin enterotoxicity are expected to be effective against ETEC-associated diarrhea. 6×His-tagged adhesin-toxoid fusion proteins were shown to induce neutralizing antibodies to several adhesins and LT and STa toxins (X. Ruan, D. A. Sack, W. Zhang, PLoS One 10:e0121623, 2015,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121623
). However, antibodies derived from His-tagged CFA/I/II/IV-2xSTa
A14Q
-dmLT or CFA/I/II/IV-2xSTa
N12S
-dmLT protein were less effective in neutralizing STa enterotoxicity and were not evaluated
in vivo
for efficacy against ETEC diarrhea. Additionally, His-tagged proteins are considered less desirable for human vaccines. In this study, we produced a tagless adhesin-toxoid MEFA (multiepitope fusion antigen) protein, enhanced anti-STa immunogenicity by including a third copy of STa toxoid STa
N12S
, and examined antigen immunogenicity in a murine model. Moreover, we immunized pregnant pigs with the tagless adhesin-toxoid MEFA protein and evaluated passive antibody protection against STa
+
or LT
+
ETEC infection in a pig challenge model. Results showed that tagless adhesin-toxoid MEFA CFA/I/II/IV-3xSTa
N12S
-mnLT
R192G/L211A
induced broad antiadhesin and antitoxin antibody responses in the intraperitoneally immunized mice and the intramuscularly immunized pigs. Mouse and pig serum antibodies significantly inhibited adherence of seven colonization factor antigen (CFA) adhesins (CFA/I and CS1 to CS6) and effectively neutralized both toxins. More importantly, suckling piglets born to the immunized mothers acquired antibodies and were protected against STa
+
ETEC and LT
+
ETEC diarrhea. These results indicated that tagless CFA/I/II/IV-3xSTa
N12S
-mnLT
R192G/L211A
induced broadly protective antiadhesin and antitoxin antibodies and demonstrate that this adhesin-toxoid MEFA is a potential antigen for developing broadly protective ETEC vaccines.
Influence of social relationship domains and their combinations on incident dementia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Saito Tami , Murata Chiyoe , Saito Masashige , Takeda Tokunori , Kondo Katsunori 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundSocial relationships consist of mutually related but distinct dimensions. It remains unclear how these domains independently contribute to incident dementia. This large-scale, prospective cohort study examines associations between the social relationship domains as well as their combinations and incident dementia among community-dwelling older adults.MethodsWe analysed data from 13 984 community-dwelling adults aged 65+ without long-term care needs living in Aichi prefecture in Japan. Incident dementia was assessed based on the Long-term Care Insurance records, followed for 3436 days from the baseline survey conducted in 2003. Three social relationships domains (social support, social networks and social activities) were further divided into a total of eight subdomains. A social relationship diversity score was calculated using the social relationship domains which were significantly related to incident dementia.ResultsA Cox proportional hazards model showed that being married, exchanging support with family members, having contact with friends, participating in community groups and engaging in paid work were related to a lower likelihood of developing incident dementia, controlling for covariates and other social relationship domains. The diversity scores, ranging from 0 to 5, were linearly associated with incident dementia (p<0.001), and those who scored highest were 46% less likely to develop incident dementia compared with those in the lowest category.ConclusionsOur findings revealed five social relationship subdomains which were negatively related to incident dementia, suggesting that dementia may potentially be prevented by enhancing these social relationships. Future studies should examine independent pathways between each social relationship domain and incident dementia.
Key Programme Science lessons from an HIV prevention ‘Learning Site’ for sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya
Authors: McClarty Leigh M , Bhattacharjee Parinita , Isac Shajy , Emmanuel Faran , Kioko Japheth , Njiraini Margaret , Gichangi Peter , Okoth Clifford Duncan , Musimbi-Mbole Janet , Blanchard James F , Moses Stephen , Muysyoki Helgar , Becker Marissa L 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesIn 2013, Kenya’s National AIDS and STI Control Programme established a Learning Site (LS) in Mombasa County to support and strengthen capacity for HIV prevention programming within organisations working with sex workers. A defining feature of LS was the use of a Programme Science approach throughout its development and implementation. We provide an overview of the key components of LS, present findings from 23 months of programme monitoring data, and highlight key Programme Science lessons from its implementation and monitoring.MethodsRoutine monitoring data collected from September 2013 through July 2015 are presented. Individual-level service utilisation data were collected monthly and indicators of interest were analysed over time to illustrate trends in enrolment, programme coverage and service utilisation among sex workers in Mombasa County.ResultsOver the monitoring period, outreach programme enrolment occurred rapidly; condom distribution targets were met consistently; rates of STI screening remained high and diagnoses declined; and reporting of and response to violent incidents increased. At the same time, enrolment in LS clinics was relatively low among female sex workers, and HIV testing at LS was low among both female and male sex workers.ConclusionLessons learnt from operationalising the Programme Science framework through the Mombasa LS can inform the development and implementation of similar LS in different geographical and epidemiological contexts. Importantly, meaningful involvement of sex workers in the design, implementation and monitoring processes ensures that overall programme performance is optimised in the context of local, ‘on-the-ground’ realities. Additionally, learnings from LS highlight the importance of introducing enhanced monitoring and evaluations systems into complex programmes to better understand and explain programme dynamics over time.
Peritonitis in Children on Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis: The Experience of a Large National Pediatric Cohort
Authors: Ponce Daniela , de Moraes Thyago Proença , Pecoits-Filho Roberto , Figueiredo Ana Elizabeth , Barretti Pasqual 
Published: December 2017

<b><i>Background:</i></b> We performed this study to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, microbiology, treatment, and outcome of peritonitis in pediatric Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients at a nationwide prospective study. <b><i>Methodology:</i></b> Patients younger than 18 years recruited in the BRAZPD II study from 2004 to 2011, who presented their first peritonitis episode, were included in the study. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found 125 first episodes of peritonitis in 491 children PD patients (0.43 episodes/patient-year). Patients free of peritonitis episode constituted 75.6% in 1 year. Culture-negative episodes were very high (59.2%) and gram-positive (GP) bacteria were the most commonly found organisms (58.8%). First-generation cephalosporin was the initial choice to cover GP (40.5%) and aminoglycosides was the most prescribed antibiotics used for gram-negative agents (27.5%). Treatment failure was 26.4%. Technique failure (TF) occurred in 12.1% and peritonitis was the main cause (65.1%). Pseudomonas (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and negative cultures (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) were identified as predictors of TF. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Peritonitis remains a common complication of PD in children and negative cultures and pseudomonas had a negative impact on TF.
Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Revision and Replacement by Nephrologist for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Malfunction
Authors: Ma Terry King-Wing , Chow Kai Ming , Kwan Bonnie Ching-Ha , Ng Jack Kit-Chung , Choy Agnes Shin-Man , Kwong Vickie Wai-Ki , Pang Wing-Fai , Leung Chi Bon , Li Philip Kam-To , Szeto Cheuk Chun 
Published: December 2017

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Catheter malfunction is an important cause of technique failure for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and is commonly managed by surgeons or intervention radiologists. We reviewed our experience in catheter revision or replacement by nephrologists. <b><i>Method:</i></b> We reviewed the clinical outcome and complication rate of 95 consecutive patients who had PD catheter malfunction, with catheter revision or replacement by nephrologist. <b><i>Result:</i></b> Amongst the 95 patients, 32 had catheter revision, 24 catheter replacement via the original wound, and 39 catheter replacement via a new mini-laparotomy wound. Catheter survival was 71.6% at 1 month and 48.4% at 6 months; technique survival was 88.4% at 1 month and 77.4% at 6 months. When the 3 types of procedure were analyzed separately, technique survival at 1 month was 96.8, 75.0, and 89.7%, respectively, for patients who received catheter revision, catheter replacement via the original wound, and catheter replacement via a new mini-laparotomy wound (<i>p</i> = 0.0002), although their catheter survival rates were not significantly different. Also, 2 patients had bleeding that required urgent surgical exploration, 2 had wound infection, and 8 had peritonitis within 4 weeks after the surgery. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> PD catheter revision and replacement by nephrologist has an acceptable catheter survival and a reasonable complication rate. Given that prompt intervention is an important consideration, catheter revision and replacement by nephrologist is a suitable method for the management of catheter malfunction.
The Skies the Limit!
Authors: Fox Sarah Jane , Ismail Rosida 
Published: December 2017

The research focuses on aviation collaboration from the perspective of two regional unities – the European Union (eu) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (asean). The aspirations of each regional entity are considered alongside the mechanism to facilitate talks and developments with respect to aviation and specifically opening up the skies, so as to create more liberalised air service agreements with China.
This paper explores the strategy and framework mechanism of both the eu and asean and the research questions the effectiveness of both frameworks as well as the political motivations for opening air service markets with China.
The research findings identify and discuss the developments, challenges and successes within the global aviation sector in terms of partnerships and progression with China to open up the skies.