bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying measurement uncertainty in renal transplant biopsy assessment
Authors: Loizeau Xavier , Romanchikova Marina , Thomas Spencer A. , Alsuleman Moulham , Ayorinde John O. O. , Pettigrew Gavin J. 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionRenal transplant biopsies provide insights into graft health and support decision making. The current evidence on links between biopsy scores and transplant outcomes suggests there may be numerous factors affecting biopsy scores. Here we adopt measurement science approach to investigate the sources of uncertainty in biopsy assessment and suggest techniques to improve its robustness.MethodsHistological assessments, Remuzzi scores, biopsy processing and clinical variables are obtained from 144 repeat biopsies originating from 16 deceased-donor kidneys. We conducted sensitivity analysis to find the morphometric features with highest discriminating power and studied the dependencies of these features on biopsy and stain type. The analysis results formed a basis for recommendations on reducing the assessment variability.ResultsMost morphometric variables are influenced by the biopsy and stain types. The variables with the highest discriminatory power are sclerotic glomeruli counts, healthy glomeruli counts per unit area, percentages of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy as well as diameter and lumen of the worst artery. A revised glomeruli adequacy score is proposed to improve the robustness of the glomeruli statistics, whereby a minimum of 104 µm2 of cortex tissue is recommended to keep type 1 and type 2 error probabilities below 0.15 and 0.2.DiscussionThe findings are transferable to several biopsy scoring systems. We hope that this work will help practitioners to understand the sources of statistical uncertainty and improve the utility of renal biopsy.
Global burden of anemia and cause among children under five years 1990–2019: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Liu Yujuan , Ren Weifang , Wang Shuying , Xiang Minmin , Zhang Shunxian , Zhang Feng 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundAnemia represents a significant global health issue affecting numerous children and women, characterized by diminished hemoglobin levels that may impede cognitive and developmental progress. Although commonly attributed to iron deficiency, the etiology of anemia in this demographic is multifaceted, encompassing nutritional, genetic, and infectious contributors. Nonetheless, there is a lack of high-quality data on anemia prevalence and causes analysis among children under 5 years. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive global assessment of the burden of anemia and its causes among children under 5 years, using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.MethodsThis investigation utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 to assess the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLD) attributable to anemia in children under five from 1990 to 2019. Analyses were conducted to delineate age-specific YLD, prevalence rates, and etiological factors, with stratification by gender and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI).ResultsIn 2019, anemia imposed a substantial global burden on children under five, with a reported YLD of 1,252.88 (95% UI: 831.62–1,831.34) per 100,000 population. The prevalence of moderate anemia was highest at 985.46 (95% UI: 646.24–1,450.49) per 100,000, surpassing both severe anemia at 197.82 (95% UI: 132.53–277.80) per 100,000 and mild anemia at 69.59 (95% UI: 24.62–152.53) per 100,000. Globally, the total prevalence was 39,517.75 (95% UI: 38,784.81 - 40,239.62) cases per 100,000 population. Notably, disparities were evident between genders, with males demonstrating higher YLD and prevalence rates than females. Iron deficiency emerged as the leading cause globally, with significant contributions from hemoglobinopathies and other nutritional deficiencies. Regions with a low Socio-Demographic Index, particularly sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, exhibited the most pronounced burdens. Despite a declining trend over three decades, persistent regional and gender-based disparities highlight the necessity for continuous and focused public health interventions.ConclusionThe burden of anemia among children under five continues to be considerable, marked by stark regional and socioeconomic disparities. These findings underscore the urgent need for advanced nutritional and healthcare strategies tailored to alleviate anemia in this vulnerable population, with a particular emphasis on regions exhibiting low SDIs. The sustained prevalence of high anemia rates in these areas underscores the imperative for persistent, localized intervention efforts.
Case Report: A case study and literature review on teeth discoloration caused by linezolid with the shortest incubation period in a pediatric patient
Authors: Le-le Sun , Qun Zhao , Lei Qi , Xiangwei Meng , Jigang Si 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundWhen it comes to the adverse reactions of linezolid, people always call to mind primarily nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, and so on. Few people are aware of the rare adverse reaction of teeth discoloration.Case presentationWe describe the case of a child affected by bacterial meningitis. After admission, a combination of ceftriaxone and linezolid was administered for anti-infection, and dexamethasone was used to inhibit inflammatory reactions. On the 5th day of treatment with linezolid, the child's teeth appeared brownish color and could not be removed with normal oral hygiene. Upon reviewing the drug instructions and literature, it was found that the discoloration of teeth is a rare adverse reaction of linezolid, which is pseudo discoloration. After stopping the medication for 28 days or up to 5 months, the normal color can be restored. There is no significant impact on the life of the patient, therefore, continue to use linezolid to complete the anti-infection course.ResultsAfter 14 days of anti-infection treatment, the inflammatory indicators of the child decreased to normal, and the condition was close to recovery before discharge. After stopping the medication for 28 days, the color of the teeth returned to normal.ConclusionsThis rare adverse reaction sheds light on a previously unreported side effect of this widely used antibiotic. In our case, the discoloration of the teeth occurred earlier, updating the latent period of the adverse reaction.
Naringenin modulates oxidative stress and lipid metabolism: Insights from network pharmacology, mendelian randomization, and molecular docking
Authors: Gao Jian , Yuan Linjie , Jiang Huanyu , Li Ganggang , Zhang Yuwei , Zhou Ruijun , Xian Wenjia , Zou Yutong , Du Quanyu , Zhou Xianhua 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that naringenin possesses lipid-lowering effects; however, the underlying mechanisms, particularly its specific molecular targets, remain uncertain.MethodsUsing bioinformatics, three traditional Chinese medicine databases and one human disease database were integrated to establish two naringenin-target-hyperlipidemia modules: naringenin-oxidative stress (OS) and naringenin-lipid metabolism (LM). Data on 1,850 proteins from 1,871 genetic instruments were sourced from seven previous studies. Using Mendelian randomization based on data from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit genome-wide association study (case, n = 5,153; control, n = 344,069), we identified potential drug targets that were subsequently validated in the UK Biobank (396,565 individuals) and FinnGen (412,181 individuals) cohorts. Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to verify the binding ability of naringenin and causal protein.ResultsIn plasma, every standard deviation increase in apolipoprotein B (APOB) was associated with an increased risk of hyperlipidemia (odds ratio [OR] = 9.37, 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.12–17.12; P = 3.58e-13; posterior probability of hypothesis 4 [PPH4] = 0.997), and the same was observed for proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (OR = 1.81, 95% CI, 1.51–2.16; P = 6.87e-11; PPH4 = 1) and neurocan (OR = 2.34, 95% CI, 1.82–3.01; P = 4.09e-11; PPH4 = 0.932). The intersection of two modules and Mendelian randomization result identified APOB as a key regulatory target of naringenin in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The binding energy between naringenin and APOB was determined to be −7.7 kcal/mol. Additionally, protein-protein interactions and protein-disease networks were analyzed to uncover potential connections between proteins and hyperlipidemia.ConclusionThis Mendelian randomization-based combined analysis offers a robust framework for elucidating the pharmacological effects of naringenin and identifying candidate proteins for further investigation in the context of hyperlipidemia treatment.
From the lab to the field and back: the effects of need satisfaction on reconciliation among Germans and Israelis
Authors: Pesin-Michael Gali , Ditlmann Ruth K. , Shnabel Nurit 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionPrevious lab experiments supported the needs-based model of reconciliation, which posits that discussing historical transgressions enhances the need for acceptance in groups perceived as perpetrators and empowerment in groups perceived as victims. Addressing these needs (e.g., through accepting or empowering messages from outgroup members) increases willingness to reconcile. This study tests this model in a real-world settings.MethodsStudy 1 examined 143 German and Israeli Jewish participants from youth exchange programs, measuring their feelings of acceptance/empowerment, program satisfaction, outgroup attitudes, and keeping in touch with outgroup members. Study 2 examined 293 Israeli Jews, manipulating the salience of the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians in a pre-registered laboratory experiment and measuring responses to accepting versus empowering messages from Germans.ResultsAs expected, Study 1 (N =143) found Germans’ feelings of acceptance were linked to program satisfaction, positive outgroup attitudes, and keeping in touch. For Israeli Jews, feelings of empowerment were linked to satisfaction and positive attitudes, but keeping in touch was unexpectedly linked to acceptance. This unexpected effect maybe because keeping in touch is done mainly through social networks that focus on the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, often with a focus on Israel’s transgressions against Palestinians. Consistent with this explanation, Study 2 (N=293, pre-registered) showed that Israeli Jews viewed accepting messages from Germans as more conciliatory when presented with transgressions against Palestinians, and empowering messages as more effective when presented with reminders of historical victimization by Nazis.DiscussionThe findings from Study 1 partially support the needs-based model of reconciliation and additionally suggest that reconciliation needs vary with context. Implications for people-to-people peace-building interventions are discussed.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nostalgic social media use
Authors: Xiang Peng , Chen Lijuan , Xu Fuming , Du Shasha , Liu Mingxuan , Zhang Yimeng , Tu Jiayu , Yin Xiaoyuan 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionDespite popular speculation that nostalgic social media use skyrocketed during the COVID-19 pandemic, this has yet to be formally investigated in the scientific literature.MethodsInterrupted time series analysis (ITSA) using a segmented regression model was performed to examine the changes in the weekly volume of searches for nostalgic songs on Douyin (the Chinese version of TikTok), as a proxy for nostalgic social media use, before and after the lockdown of Wuhan (signaled the start of the pandemic on a national scale in China).ResultsAcross the study period (January 1, 2019–February 28, 2021), an immediate and significant increase in nostalgic social media use was observed when the pandemic initially started (95% CI = [47314.30, 154969.60], p &lt; 0.001) compared with the pre-pandemic baseline.DiscussionThis study provides empirical evidence for the impact of the pandemic on nostalgic social media use. It also advances our understanding of the increased usage of social media during the pandemic. Additionally, as nostalgia has drawn increasing attention from media researchers, this study offers methodological insights into the quantification of nostalgia.
Applying a new theoretical and methodological approach for behavior-change campaign planning: identifying the critical determinants for reducing littering and evaluating the resulting large-scale campaign
Authors: Tobias Robert , Moraz Nicole , Degenhardt Barbara 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThis paper presents a theoretical concept and methodological approach for identifying critical determinants for behavior change interventions. The approach is based on established theories and constructs but represents them in an intervention- instead of questionnaire-oriented form. Six discriminant and targetable dimensions of behavior determinants are proposed: Consideration, feasibility, instrumental evaluation, norms and goals, affective evaluation, and needs and tension states.MethodsFor estimating the importance of these dimensions for a specific behavior to be changed in a specific situation and population, a quasi-experimental approach is proposed, in which interventions are designed to have effects on one of these dimensions but none on the other dimensions. By measuring changes of the target behavior or its consequences, the impact of each dimension on changing the behavior can be estimated in-situ without questionnaires. The approach was applied to develop a campaign for reducing picnic littering in an urban park in Zurich (Switzerland). In 2019, posters targeting four dimensions were set up during three waves in up to four zones with two control zones without posters. Before, between, and after the intervention waves, for at least 2 weeks, no interventions were in place. The volume of litter was measured on 119 days at 55 points.ResultsIn some cases, the amount of litter was too small for effects to be detected, but where enough littering occurred, posters providing information, inducing positive emotions, or activating reciprocity norms—as well as providing the option of separating fractions of waste for recycling as a structural measure—reduced litter significantly. Interventions targeting the tension state of disgust had no effect. Posters targeting descriptive and injunctive norms increased the amount of litter.DiscussionBased on the results of the preparative study, a large-scale campaign was designed, implemented, and evaluated in 2022, which led to promising effects.
Can sheep help to improve positive emotions, mindfulness, and self-efficacy expectancy? A pilot study of animal-assisted intervention as an enhanced CBT-based therapy for substance use disorders
Authors: Schmid Petra , Nauss Carmen , Jauch-Ederer Claudia , Prinz Petra , Tschöke Stefan , Uhlmann Carmen 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionSubstance use disorders (SUDs) are common, and there is evidence of clinically significant benefit of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The efficacy of CBT in SUDs has been confirmed, although relapse rates of 40%–60% have been reported. An enhancement of CBT-based therapy through an animal-assisted intervention (AAI) with sheep to normalize the occurrence of negative emotions and improve positive emotions as well as mindfulness and self-efficacy expectancy was investigated.MethodsA single-session AAI with sheep in a group setting was investigated against treatment as usual over time. N = 36 psychiatric inpatients with SUDs were examined by questionnaires before and 1 week after the intervention and additionally immediately after the intervention.ResultsPositive emotions improved significantly in the AAI group 1 week after the intervention with a medium effect size, but not in the control group. Similarly, mindfulness and self-efficacy expectancy improved over time in the AAI group. When exploratory results were evaluated immediately after the intervention while still on the farm, the effects in favor of AAI were even larger.ConclusionsAAI can thus be considered effective in improving positive emotions, mindfulness, and self-efficacy expectancy. The impressive effect sizes immediately after the intervention encourage us to consider what can be done to maintain these even greater effect sizes over time.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00027539, identifier DRKS 00027539.
Cognitive function characteristics and influencing factors in patients with depressive disorders: a 5-year follow-up report based on the epidemiological survey of mental disorders in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Lin Ziang , Wang Qian , Li Xiaojing , Wang Can , Wang Ruzhan , Wang Chenghui , Ding Hao , Qian Liju , Wan Xiaona , Tian Xue , Hou Zongyin , Liu Fengjie , Liu Jindong , Zhang Jingxuan , Cheng Xiaojing 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveCognitive impairment represents a notable feature of depressive disorders. Comprehending its characteristics and influencing factors is vital for patient rehabilitation.MethodsThis study is based on the 2015 Shandong Province epidemiological survey of mental disorders, from which 871 individuals meeting DSM-IV criteria for depressive disorders were selected as the research group. Using 1:1:1 matching by sex, age, and residence, we randomly selected 825 individuals with no DSM-IV diagnosis but positive on GHQ-12 and additional risk assessments as the elevated risk control group, and 825 with negative screenings as the minimal risk control group. In 2020, a follow-up survey was conducted, resulting in a final analysis of 1,855 cases. The survey included demographic data, various clinical information, and a series of screening and questionnaire assessments.ResultsThe current depressive group scored lower on the MoCA than the non-depressive group (t=8.86, P&lt;0.01). The research group scored lower on the MoCA than the elevated and minimal risk group (F=11.98, P&lt;0.01). The depression-unremitted group scored lower than the depression-remitted group (t=6.44, P&lt;0.01). The Analysis indicated that males, with better life quality, poor early psychological status and, and longer education were associated with higher MoCA scores. Conversely, older age, rural residency, employment, current depression, and poor marital were associated with lower MoCA scores.ConclusionIndividuals with depression commonly suffer cognitive impairment, which tends to partially improve as depression remits. Individual cognitive function is influenced by early psychological health, depressive status, quality of life, age, sex, educational level, residence, occupational, and marital status.
The effect of major depressive disorder comorbidity on ischemia-modified albumin levels, a marker of oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense system in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Zengil Sertaç , Laloğlu Esra 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the levels of oxidant and antioxidant markers in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and to investigate whether these levels change in the presence of major depressive disorder (MDD) comorbidity.MethodsThis study was completed with 23 OCD patients with MDD comorbidity (OCD+MDD), 21 OCD patients without MDD comorbidity (OCD-MDD) and 21 healthy controls. Oxidative stress levels of the cases’ were determined by ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements and antioxidant levels were determined by superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) measurements. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and unpaired Student’s t-test were used to compare the study groups. Post hoc Bonferroni test was used for the degree of significance between groups, and repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to investigate the effect of age and gender.ResultsIMA and MDA levels were significantly higher in the OCD group compared to the control group, and SOD, CAT and GSH-Px levels were lower in the OCD group compared to the control group (p&lt;0.01). IMA levels were significantly higher in the OCD+MDD group compared to the OCD-MDD group, while SOD, CAT and GSH-Px levels were significantly lower in the OCD+MDD group compared to the OCD-MDD group (p&lt;0101). MDA levels were significantly higher in the OCD+MDD group compared to the OCD-MDD group (p=0.009). When the entire OCD patient group was examined, significant, powerful, positive correlations were observed between Y-BOCS and HDRS scores and IMA and MDA, and significant powerful negative correlations between Y-BOCS and HDRS scores and SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px (p&lt;0.001 for all). In OCD+MDD group, oxidative stress markers increased significantly in parallel with the severity of depression, while antioxidant levels decreased (p=0.003 for IMA, p&lt;0.001 for others).ConclusionsWe believe that parameters indicating impaired oxidant/antioxidant balance in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder may help to elucidate the cause of the disease and may be potentially useful biomarkers in the diagnosis and determination of the severity of comorbid MDD.
Bleeding complications related to external ventricular drainage placement in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a single-center study
Authors: Tang Yue , Zhong Xiangping , Lin Tingting , Zuo Fujun , Fu Min , Wang Li , Yu Xiaodu , Liu Dong , Zhang Jincan 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveAcute aneurysmal rupture can be treated with endovascular therapy or surgical clipping. For patients with concurrent acute hydrocephalus, the placement of an external ventricular drainage (EVD) is required. This study aims to investigate the impact of pre-treatment EVD placement on rebleeding in ruptured aneurysms and to examine the influence of dual antiplatelet therapy and the sequencing of dual antiplatelet therapy with EVD placement on EVD-related hematomas.MethodsWe reviewed the clinical data of 83 patients with ruptured aneurysms who underwent EVD placement from a total of 606 aneurysm patients consecutively admitted between January 2018 and January 2023. The analysis focused on the impact of pre-treatment EVD placement on aneurysmal rebleeding and the effect of dual antiplatelet therapy and its sequencing with EVD placement on EVD-related hematomas.ResultsAmong the 503 patients with ruptured aneurysms, 83 required EVD placement. EVD was placed before aneurysm treatment in 63 patients and after treatment in 20 patients. The number of aneurysmal rebleeding cases in the pre-treatment EVD group and non-EVD group was 1 (1.6%) and 20 (4.8%), respectively (p = 0.406). 31 patients (37.3%) underwent stent-assisted embolization or flow diversion requiring dual antiplatelet therapy, while 52 patients (62.7%) underwent simple embolization or surgical clipping without antiplatelet therapy. EVD-related hematomas occurred in 14 patients (16.9%), with 10 cases (32.3%) in those receiving dual antiplatelet therapy and 4 cases (7.7%) in those not receiving antiplatelet therapy (p = 0.01). Among 16 patients who had EVD placed before dual antiplatelet therapy, 4 (25%) developed EVD-related hematomas. Of the 15 patients who had EVD placed after dual antiplatelet therapy, 6 (40%) developed EVD-related hematomas (p = 0.458).ConclusionIn patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and acute hydrocephalus, the placement of EVD before aneurysm treatment does not increase the risk of rebleeding. However, dual antiplatelet therapy increases the risk of EVD-related hematoma, and the sequence of EVD placement relative to dual antiplatelet therapy does not appear to significantly affect the outcome of EVD-related hematoma.