bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airway management in UK ambulance services: results of the National Ambulance Service Airway Management Audit
Authors: Gregory Pete , Kilner Tim , Arnold-Jones Sally 
Published: November 2015

Aim: To establish the range of airway devices provided to ambulance staff employed by the UK NHS ambulance services, which level of practitioner is allowed to use which device or intervention, and what the main factors were in the purchasing decisions taken. Methods: Medical directors from all 14 UK NHS ambulance services were invited to participate in an anonymous, web-based survey of emergency airway management equipment provided within their service and which grades of practitioner were authorised to use the equipment they provided. Additionally, they were asked for the main reasons for the purchase of the selected equipment. Results: All 14 ambulance services completed the survey questionnaire. A range of clinical grades is now employed by UK ambulance services although there is inconsistency in both title and skill set. All services provide a range of airway equipment, but there is no common inventory across UK ambulance Trusts. Nearly all staff were authorised to use some of the basic equipment, but wider variations appear with more complex or sophisticated techniques. In particular there appears to be significant gaps in advanced equipment and those authorised to use it in respect of children. Conclusions: The range of airway equipment and those authorised by ambulance services to undertake airway management interventions appears to be evolving. It is of concern that there remains an apparent lack of standardisation of the range of airway equipment provided by UK NHS ambulance services.
Length of professional education of paramedics and nurses at community colleges in the Northeast United States
Authors: Phelps Scott 
Published: November 2015

Aim: To determine if the professional bodies of knowledge of paramedics and nurses are roughly equivalent for each discipline at the point of primary licensure. Methods: A list was compiled of all paramedic education programmes in the Northeast US states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Each programme was then surveyed to identify those institutions that offered college credit for their paramedic education programme and also had an associate's degree nursing programme. Northeast paramedic education programmes that were not accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs were then identified that offered college credit for their paramedic education programme and also had an associate's degree nursing programme. Results: In total, 23 colleges in the Northeast United States had both paramedic and registered nursing education programmes offered for college credit. Paramedic education required a mean of 41 credits compared to a mean of 37 credits for nursing education. Conclusions: While paramedics are less likely to have a college degree than registered nurses, their specific professional education programmes are equivalent. Further research is required to establish if the paramedic body of knowledge is both deep and complex enough that it is unsafe for non-paramedic registered nurses to be functioning in the pre-hospital environment.
Pain: highlighting the law and ethics of pain relief in end-of-life patients
Authors: Parkinson Martin 
Published: November 2015

As the world of palliative medicine is rapidly becoming a fixture in the pre-hospital field of practice, this article looks to explore the ethical and legal issues surrounding pain relief for end-of-life patients by paramedics. Particular attention is focused on the moral and ethical principles of care as proposed by Beauchamp and Childress (2008) , as well as the legal aspects of care as set out by the European Court of Human Rights. Through the use of law cases, this article looks to demonstrate precedence for practice, as well as the implications that arise thereof. This article concludes that, although many aspects are still a grey area for paramedics, the depth of law cases, alongside the moral arguments, show that providing paramedics act with the best interests of the patient at heart and work within a multi-disciplinary team, the administration of analgesia to prevent suffering can be legally and ethically proven.
Essex and Herts Air Ambulance: a focused case series for pre-hospital practice
Authors: Ley Erica , Webb Tim , Chesters Adam , Clarke Ben 
Published: November 2015

Due to the relative infrequency of major trauma in the paediatric population, along with the presence of family members during the resuscitation, management of trauma in this age group can be both emotive and highly challenging. Through comprehensive assessment, targeted resuscitation and considered triage to an appropriate paediatric trauma facility, pre-hospital care clinicians can help to improve outcomes in the paediatric trauma patient ( Simpson et al, 2012 ; Nystrup et al, 2015 ). This article aims to provide a structured, evidence-based approach to the assessment and management of the injured child in the pre-hospital setting. We report the case of a 10-year old female involved in a pedestrian versus van road traffic collision (RTC). The principles of systematic assessment and holistic management of the paediatric trauma patient are discussed. We also discuss where an extended care service such as a Helicopter Emergency Medical Service may be of assistance.
Mitral Perivalvular Leak after Blunt Chest Trauma: A Rare Cause of Severe Subacute Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Marchese Nicola , Facciorusso Antonio , Vigna Carlo 
Published: November 2015

Blunt chest trauma is a very rare cause of valve disorder. Moreover, mitral valve involvement is less frequent than is aortic or tricuspid valve involvement, and the clinical course is usually acute. In the present report, we describe the case of a 49-year-old man with a perivalvular mitral injury that became clinically manifest one year after a violent, nonpenetrating chest injury.
This case is atypical in regard to the valve involved (isolated mitral damage), the injury type (perivalvular leak in the absence of subvalvular abnormalities), and the clinical course (interval of one year between trauma and symptoms).
Intensive Statin Therapy in NSTE-ACS Patients Undergoing PCI: Clinical and Biochemical Effects
Authors: Shehata Mohamed , Fayez George , Nassar Ahmed 
Published: November 2015

Early initiation of statin therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients has a favorable prognostic impact because of its anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic properties. In this study, we explored the effect of atorvastatin-loading, followed by intensive atorvastatin therapy, on clinical and biochemical outcomes in non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients who were scheduled for percutaneous coronary intervention.
We prospectively enrolled 140 patients (mean age, 56 ± 9 years, 68% men). Once eligible, patients were randomly assigned to receive either a moderate 20-mg daily dose of atorvastatin (Group A) or a 160-mg loading dose followed by an intensified 80-mg daily dose (Group B). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were recorded before and after intervention. Evaluation after 6 months included hs-CRP levels, left ventricular systolic function, and major adverse cardiac events.
We found no significant difference between the 2 groups in regard to the interventional data. However, blood sampling after coronary intervention, and again 6 months later, revealed a significant decline in mean hs-CRP level among Group B patients (P <0.001). Moreover, patients in Group B manifested a higher left ventricular ejection fraction than did patients in Group A (P <0.05). After 6 months, we found no significant difference between groups in the incidence of major adverse cardiac events.
We conclude that intensive atorvastatin therapy in non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients is associated with lower hs-CRP levels and with higher left ventricular ejection fraction after 6 months, with no significant impact on adverse cardiac events.
Pulp-Capping with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate
Authors: Peycheva Kalina 
Published: November 2015

Summary
There are two considerations for direct pulp capping - accidental mechanical pulp exposure and exposure caused by caries. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was used as pulp-capping material to preserve the vitality of the pulpal tissues. Follow-up examinations revealed that treatment was successful in preserving pulpal vitality and continued development of the tooth. On the basis of available information, it appears that MTA is the material of choice for some clinical applications. Material and methods: Cases 18 - 8 teeth with grey MTA, 10 teeth with white MTA; diagnose: Pulpitis chronica ulcerosa, Electro pulpal test (EOD) - 30-35 μA, pre-clinical X-ray - without changes in the structures, follow ups for 4 years. Successful treatments: without clinical symptoms and changes in the X-rays: 5 teeth with grey MTA, 8 teeth with white MTA for period of 4 years. Unsuccessful treatments: Clinical symptoms and sometimes changes in the X-ray: 3 with grey MTA, 2 with white MTA. MTA is an appropriate material for pulp-capping and follow-up examinations revealed that the treatment was successful in preserving pulpal vitality.
Studies on the epidemiology and histopathology of Euclinostomum heterostomum (Trematoda; Digenea) infection in Channa punctata from North India
Authors: Shareef P. A. Ahammed , Abidi Syed M. A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A survey on the occurrence and epidemiology of the encysted progenetic metacercariae of Euclinostomum heterostomum infection in Channa punctata in the Aligarh region of North India revealed a mean prevalence, intensity, and abundance of 18.61, 1.52, and 0.38%, respectively, during the period from April 2011 to March 2012. Liver, kidney, peritoneum, muscle, and ovary were found to be infected with this parasite, and the later three are reported for the first time in this fish species. The histopathology of the infected tissues indicated the following at the host-parasite interface: tissue damage, infiltration of immune cells into the cyst wall, chronic inflammatory responses, and granulomatous lesions. The infected liver showed degeneration of hepatocytes, cytoplasmic vacuolation, nuclear alterations, mallory body formation, fibrosis, and necrosis. The pathology of the infected kidney included distortion and dilation of renal tubules, vacuolar degeneration, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of tubular epithelial cells, occlusion of tubules, fibrosis, hemorrhage, and congestion of glomeruli. The infected muscle demonstrated comparatively fewer pathological changes confined only to the circumference of the cyst wall. The ovary displayed the least changes. The conclusions drawn from the study are that the large metacercarial cysts formed by E. heterostomum in the vital organs of the economically important fish C. punctata could result in the impairment of fish physiology and health, thereby affecting their productivity and quality for human consumption.
Pathology of Edwardsiella tarda infection in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822), fingerlings
Authors: Abraham Thangapalam Jawahar , Mallick Prakash Kumar , Adikesavalu Harresh , Banerjee Sayani 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is one of the serious fish pathogens infecting both cultured and wild fish species. This study aimed to assess the phenotypic characterization and pathogenicity of E. tarda isolated from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) with dropsy and histopathological alterations. The causative agent was identified with Vitek 2, and its pathogenicity was determined by intramuscular injection. The challenged catfish exhibited vertical hanging, frothing, excess mucus production, listing, swollen abdomen, anorexia, fin and tail rot, and reddish operculum. The LD50 of E. tarda PBB and PBP strains was found to be 8.52 × 106 and 1.68 × 107 cells fish-1, respectively. Histopathological observations on catfish infected naturally revealed lymphocyte infiltration in muscle and focal necrosis, hyperplasia, edema, and swelling of the gill lamellar epithelium. The kidney of diseased fish exhibited ischemic type tubulopathy, necrosis of nephritic tubules, hyperplastic hematopoietic tissue, rupture of the tubular basement membrane, hydropic dystrophy of nephritic cells, neutrophil infiltration, fibrinoid necrosis of nephretic tubules, hemosiderin deposition, and edema. The liver sections revealed lymphocyte infiltration, dilation of hepatic sinusoids, expansion of space between hepatic sinusoids, and focal necrosis. The inflammatory responses observed in kidney and liver in the present study were presumably suppuration and were attributed to the potential virulence factors of E. tarda.
Impact of enriching larval brine shrimp (Artemia sp.) with a supplement containing polyunsaturated fatty acids on their growth and mortality
Authors: Prusińska Maja , Kushniry Olga , Khudyi Oleksii , Khuda Lidiia , Kolman Ryszard 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the impact the commercial supplement S.presso (INVE Aquaculture, Belgium), a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids to enrich the proximate composition of brine shrimp (Artemia sp.), had on their growth and mortality. Four different enrichment protocols were investigated: the supplement was given in one or two doses at various time intervals. The results indicate that while S.presso increased nauplius mortality slightly, administering the appropriate dose reduced losses to a very low level (from 12.5% with a single dose to 8.6% with the recommended dose divided into to equal parts). Additionally, it was confirmed that the supplement S.presso increased brine shrimp growth slightly in comparison to that of the control group, but the differences were statistically insignificant. The results permit concluding that S.presso is suitable for use as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for brine shrimp enrichment with the intent of using them as fish food.
Resurrection of Ornithogalum brevipedicellatum (Asparagaceae) with morphological and molecular data
Authors: Aykurt Candan , Deniz İsmail G. , Sari Duygu , Vural Mecit , Sümbül Hüseyin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This study evaluates Ornithogalum brevipedicellatum, which was previously accepted as a synonym of O. oligophyllum, as a separate distinct species and discusses the similarities and differences between O. brevipedicellatum and its related species (O. oligophyllum and O. pamphylicum). Similarities and differences among these species were identifi ed by morphological and molecular studies. The leaf morphology and inflorescence of O. brevipedicellatum and O. pamphylicum are similar to each other, and in terms of these features, they show differences from O. oligophyllum. Some diagnostic characteristics are quite different in O. brevipedicellatum and O. pamphylicum, such as the size of tepals, length of fruiting pedicels and style. Morphological data were supported by the results obtained from molecular studies. According to a dendrogram obtained by molecular studies, O. brevipedicellatum and O. pamphylicum are similar. O. oligophyllum is more closely related to O. pyrenaicum used as an out-group. Additionally, the seeds of O. brevipedicellatum were examined with the use of scanning electron microscopy
Cloning, characterization and expression analysis of NBS-LRR-type resistance gene analogues (RGAs) in coconut
Authors: Rachana Kaitheri Edathil , Naganeeswaran Sudalaimuthu Asari , Fayas Thayale Purayil , Thomas Regi Jacob , Rajesh Muliyar Krishna 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCoconut palms are highly susceptible to diseases caused by different pathogens, and replanting with resistant varieties is the best way to manage them. Obtaining a collection of resistance gene analogues (RGAs) is an effective strategy to identify genomic regions linked to disease resistance. We have successfully used a comparative genomics approach to amplify putative RGAs from the coconut root (wilt) disease resistant cultivar Chowghat Green Dwarf (CGD) by using primers designed based on conserved motifs of the NBS-LRR domain of the date palm. The amplified sequences were cloned, sequenced and characterized. The coconut RGAs had high identity to monocot NBS-LRRs. A complete structural analysis and 3-D modeling of the NBS domain of coconut RGA was also undertaken. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the isolated coconut NBS-LRR class RGAs was expressed more in root (wilt) disease resistant genotypes than in susceptible ones. This study would provide a base for future efforts to map disease resistant traits in coconut.
Spring weed communities of rice agrocoenoses in central Nepal
Authors: Nowak Arkadiusz , Nowak Sylwia , Nobis Marcin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRice field weed communities occurring in central Nepal are presented in this study. The research was focussed on the classification of segetal plant communities occurring in paddy fields, which had been poorly investigated from a geobotanical standpoint. In all, 108 phytosociological relevés were sampled, using the Braun-Blanquet method. The analyses classified the vegetation into 9 communities, including 7 associations and one subassociation. Four new plant associations and one new subassociation were proposed: Elatinetum triandro-ambiguae, Mazo pumili-Lindernietum ciliatae, Mazo pumili-Lindernietum ciliatae caesulietosum axillaris, Rotaletum rotundifoliae and Ammanietum pygmeae. Due to species composition and habitat preferences all phytocoenoses were included into the Oryzetea sativae class and the Ludwigion hyssopifolio- octovalvis alliance. As in other rice field phytocoenoses, the main discrimination factors for the plots are depth of water, soil trophy and species richness. The altitudinal distribution also has a significant influence and separates the Rotaletum rotundifoliae and Elatinetum triandro-ambiguae associations. The study shows that anthropogenic rice fields can harbour relatively rich rush and water vegetation. More than 80 species were noted in the vegetation plots. Several of them are considered to be extremely rare and have been recorded on the world Red List.
Species delimitation and genetic diversity analysis in Salvia with the use of ISSR molecular markers
Authors: Safaei Masoumeh , Sheidai Masoud , Alijanpoor Behnaz , Noormohammadi Zahra 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThirty-nine plant specimens of six Salvia species were collected from different localities of the Alborz mountain region in Iran and studied for morphological and genetic variability and species relationship. Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) molecular markers showed a high degree of within-species and interspecific genetic variability in Salvia. Analysis of molecular variance and Hickory tests showed significant molecular difference among the studied populations. A principal coordinate analysis plot of morphological characters grouped the species into two distinct groups, supporting their taxonomic treatment. This was partly supported by ISSR networking. The Mantel test did not show a correlation between genetic distance and the geographical distance of the studied populations. STRUCTURE and reticulation analyses revealed some degree of gene fl ow among the species. The present study showed that ISSR molecular markers could be used in Salvia species delimitation along with morphological study.
Silver (Ag) in tissues and eggshells, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in chickens
Authors: Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska Anna , Tymczyna Leszek , Dobrowolska Magdalena , Banach Marcin , Nowakowicz-Dębek Bożena , Bryl Monika , Drabik Agata , Tymczyna-Sobotka Monika , Kolejko Marcin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This study aimed to assess levels of silver nanoparticle residues in eggshells and tissues as well as the levels of selected biochemical parameters and oxidative stress indices in chickens hatched from nanosilver disinfected eggs. The samples included 40 Greenleg Partridge chicks allocated into two groups. The experimental group (group D) consisted of chickens hatched from eggs disinfected with a nanosilver preparation prior to incubation, while the control group (group C) included chickens whose eggs were exposed to UV radiation for disinfection. The eggshells and kidney sections obtained from group D chickens showed a significantly higher silver level compared to group C. For the biochemical parameters, only the uric acid content was higher in group D compared to group C. Analysis of the antioxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase and catalase), showed a significant increase in group D in relation to group C.
Membranes with a plasma deposited titanium isopropoxide layer
Authors: Gancarz Irena , Bryjak Marek , Wolska Joanna , Siekierka Anna , Kujawski Wojciech 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPorous polypropylene membranes were coated with plasma polymerized titanium isopropoxide in a 75 kHz plasma reactor. It was noted that the presence of air in the plasma chamber increased the amount of deposited polymer. Selection of the process parameters enabled obtaining membranes with up to 300 μg cm
Characterization of the quality of novel rye-buckwheat ginger cakes by chemical markers and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Przygodzka Małgorzata , Zieliński Henryk 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe total phenolics and flavonoids, rutin, early, advanced and finalMaillard reaction products, and antioxidative capacity determined against 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical cation and superoxide anion radicals were used for the characterization of the quality of novel rye-buckwheat ginger cakes enriched with rutin (quercetin rutinoside). The cakes were prepared substituting 30 % of rye flour by light buckwheat flour or flour from roasted buckwheat dehulled grains and employing a dough fermentation-like incubation step. Enrichment of ginger cakes with rutin showed protective effect on lysine blockage, improved antioxidant properties, inhibited the formation of furosine and free fluorescent compounds thus stimulating the Maillard reaction progress towards melanoidin formation. The loss of the nutritional quality of cakes enriched with rutin was related to the formation of fluorescent compounds linked to protein and carboxymethyllysine at an advanced stage of the Maillard reaction. It can be concluded that free fluorescence intermediatory compounds, carboxymethyllysine and browning are the best chemical markers for the characterization of the quality of this novel type of ginger cakes. This study also indicates that rye-buckwheat ginger cakes enriched with rutin can be recommended for wider consumption since daily consumption of 250 g of these cakes may have a prophylactic or therapeutic effect corresponding to typical pharmacological drugs with rutin as the active component.