bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Banning tobacco price promotions, smoking-related beliefs and behaviour: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country (ITC 4C) Survey
Authors: El-Toukhy Sherine , Choi Kelvin , Hitchman Sara C , Bansal-Travers Maansi , Thrasher James F , Yong Hua-Hie , O’Connor Richard J , Shang Ce 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundEcological models emphasise multilevel influences on health behaviours. While studies show that exposure to price promotions is associated with smoking behaviour and its antecedents, less is known about whether these associations differ by macro-level factors such as national price promotion policies.MethodsCurrent and former smokers (N=4698) from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project four-country cohort were included in weighted multivariate logistic regression models to examine individual-level associations between exposure to price promotions at waves 7 and 8 (conducted in 2008–2009 and 2010–2011) and beliefs (social and injunctive norms, functional value of smoking, misconceptions around smoking and beliefs of tobacco industry and its regulations) and behaviour at wave 8, stratified by whether countries allow (Australia and USA) or ban (Canada and UK) price promotions.ResultsAssociations between exposure to price promotions and smoking-related beliefs and behaviour differed by national price promotion policies. In countries that allow price promotions, participants repeatedly exposed to price promotions at waves 7 and 8 were more likely to associate functional values to smoking (ie, calms down when stressed (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.83) and to be current smokers at wave 8 (AOR 1.94). In countries that ban price promotions, participants repeatedly exposed to price promotions were less likely to hold misconceptions around smoking (ie, harsher smoke is more dangerous).ConclusionsDifferential associations emerged between exposure to price promotions, smoking-related beliefs and behaviour across countries with and without a price promotions ban. Adopting price promotion bans could ameliorate the associations between exposure to price promotions and smoking beliefs and behaviours.
Homogeneity in Web Search Results
Authors: Agrawal Rakesh , Golshan Behzad , Papalexakis Evangelos E. 
Published: July 2017

Access to diverse perspectives nurtures an informed citizenry. Google and Bing have emerged as the duopoly that largely arbitrates which English-language documents are seen by web searchers. We present our empirical study over the search results produced by Google and Bing that shows a large overlap. Thus, citizens may not gain different perspectives by simultaneously probing them for the same query. Fortunately, our study also shows that by mining Twitter data, one can obtain search results that are quite distinct from those produced by Google, Bing, and Bing News. Additionally, the users found those results to be quite informative.
We also present two novel tools we designed for this study. One uses tensor analysis to derive low-dimensional compact representation of search results and study their behavior over time. The other uses machine learning and quantifies the similarity of results between two search engines by framing it as a prediction problem. Although these tools have different underpinnings, the analytical results obtained using them corroborate each other, which reinforces the confidence one can place in them for finding meaningful insights from big data.
Intermittent cortical involvement in the preservation of tremor in essential tremor
Authors: Sharifi Sarvi , Luft Frauke , Verhagen Rens , Heida Tjitske , Speelman Johannes D. , Bour Lo J. , van Rootselaar Anne-Fleur 
Published: July 2017

Cortical involvement in essential tremor, an involuntary action tremor supposedly of subcortical origin, is uncertain. Conflicting results of corticomuscular coherence studies in essential tremor suggest an intermittent corticomuscular coupling. On the basis of the literature, we hypothesized that corticomuscular coupling is influenced by bilateral motor synchronization and “cognitive states” such as awareness of tremor. In the present study, we investigated 1) the existence of intermittent corticomuscular coherence (CMC) in essential tremor and 2) factors that influence CMC strength. In 18 essential tremor patients and 18 healthy controls, who mimicked tremor, we simultaneously recorded 64-channel EEG and 6-channel bipolar surface EMG from right and left wrist extensors and flexors. Right-sided (mimicked) hand tremor was recorded with and without a cognitive arithmetic task and with left-sided (mimicked) hand tremor. CMC values per task were compared within and between groups. Changes in CMC strength during tasks were calculated. Our main findings are 1) significant CMC around the (mimicked) tremor frequency across all tasks in both groups; 2) significant differences in CMC between unilateral tasks, with the highest values during the cognitive task only in the essential tremor group; and 3) significant fluctuations of CMC strength over time, independent of the tremor intensity, only in the essential tremor group. Our results suggest a limited role, and certainly not a continuous steering role, of sensorimotor cortical neurons in the generation of tremor. In clinical practice, these findings might help to standardize tremor registration and the interpretation of the analysis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The part of the motor cortex involved in essential tremor is uncertain. The current electrophysiological study is the first to assess corticomuscular coherence systematically. The study shows a dynamic nature of corticomuscular coherence and a possible influence of cognitive states. The results elucidate the involvement of the motor cortex in tremor and help interpret the varying results in the literature. In clinical practice, the findings may guide in standardizing tremor registration and its interpretation.
Dimensões da relação estética na obra fotográfica de Cao Guimarães
Authors: Picado Benjamim , Lins Consuelo 
Published: July 2017

Analisaremos aqui algumas séries fotográficas do artista mineiro Cao Guimarães considerando os padrões de interação sensível promovidos por sua obra, em quadros pragmáticos da experiência estética da fotografia. A “relação estética” será identificada tanto com atitudes e regimes sensoriais que originam a obra quanto na interação com um potencial apreciador. O corpus desse estudo compreende Paisagens reais – homenagem a Guignard (2009), Úmido (2015), Plano de voo (2015) e Steps (2015) e salienta aspectos que conectam cada série com a experiência estética suscitada por suas fotografias.
Comparative Biomechanical Behavior and Healing Profile of a Novel Thinned Wall Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Amorphous Poly-
l
-Lactic Acid Sirolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Coronary Scaffold
Authors: Cheng Yanping , Gasior Pawel , Xia Jing-Gang , Ramzipoor Kamal , Lee Chang , Estrada Edward A. , Dokko Daniell , McGregor Jenn C. , Conditt Gerard B. , McAndrew Thomas , Kaluza Greg L. , Granada Juan F. 
Published: July 2017

Background—

Mechanical strength of bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) is highly dependent on strut dimensions and polymer features. To date, the successful development of thin-walled BRS has been challenging. We compared the biomechanical behavior and vascular healing profile of a novel thin-walled (115 µm) sirolimus-eluting ultrahigh molecular weight amorphous poly-
l
-lactic acid-based BRS (APTITUDE, Amaranth Medical [AMA]) to Absorb (bioresorbable vascular scaffold [BVS]) using different experimental models.

Methods and Results—

In vitro biomechanical testing showed no fractures in the AMA-BRS when overexpanded 1.3 mm above nominal dilatation values (≈48%) and lower number of fractures on accelerated cycle testing over time (at 21 K cycles=20.0 [19.5–20.5] in BVS versus 4.0 [3.0–4.3] in AMA-BRS). In the healing response study, 35 AMA-BRS and 23 BVS were implanted in 58 coronary arteries of 23 swine and followed-up to 180 days. Scaffold strut healing was evaluated in vivo using weekly optical coherence tomography analysis. At 14 days, the AMA-BRS demonstrated a higher percentage of embedded struts (71.0% [47.6, 89.1] compared with BVS 40.3% [20.5, 63.2];
P
=0.01). At 21 days, uncovered struts were still present in the BVS group (3.8% [2.1, 10.2]). Histopathology revealed lower area stenosis (AMA-BRS, 21.0±6.1% versus BVS 31.0±4.5%;
P
=0.002) in the AMA-BRS at 28 days. Neointimal thickness and inflammatory scores were comparable between both devices at 180 days.

Conclusions—
A new generation thinned wall BRS displayed a more favorable biomechanical behavior and strut healing profile compared with BVS in normal porcine coronary arteries. This novel BRS concept has the potential to improve the clinical outcomes of current generation BRS.
Brain Transforming Growth Factor-β Resists Hypertension Via Regulating Microglial Activation
Authors: Li You , Shen Xiao Z. , Li Liang , Zhao Tuantuan V. , Bernstein Kenneth E. , Johnson Alan K. , Lyden Patrick , Fang Jianmin , Shi Peng 
Published: July 2017

Background and Purpose—
Hypertension is the major risk factor for stroke. Recent work unveiled that hypertension is associated with chronic neuroinflammation; microglia are the major players in neuroinflammation, and the activated microglia elevate sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. This study is to understand how brain homeostasis is kept from hypertensive disturbance and microglial activation at the onset of hypertension.

Methods—
Hypertension was induced by subcutaneous delivery of angiotensin II, and blood pressure was monitored in conscious animals. Microglial activity was analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Antibody, pharmacological chemical, and recombinant cytokine were administered to the brain through intracerebroventricular infusion. Microglial depletion was performed by intracerebroventricular delivering diphtheria toxin to CD11b-diphtheria toxin receptor mice. Gene expression profile in sympathetic controlling nucleus was analyzed by customized qRT-PCR array.

Results—
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is constitutively expressed in the brains of normotensive mice. Removal of TGF-β or blocking its signaling before hypertension induction accelerated hypertension progression, whereas supplementation of TGF-β1 substantially suppressed neuroinflammation, kidney norepinephrine level, and blood pressure. By means of microglial depletion and adoptive transfer, we showed that the effects of TGF-β on hypertension are mediated through microglia. In contrast to the activated microglia in established hypertension, the resting microglia are immunosuppressive and important in maintaining neural homeostasis at the onset of hypertension. Further, we profiled the signature molecules of neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity associated with hypertension and TGF-β by qRT-PCR array.

Conclusions—
Our results identify that TGF-β–modulated microglia are critical to keeping brain homeostasis responding to hypertensive disturbance.
Precipitation Efficiency and Water Budget of Typhoon Fitow (2013): A Particle Trajectory Study
Authors: Xu Huiyan , Zhai Guoqing , Li Xiaofan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this study, the WRF Model is used to simulate the torrential rainfall of Typhoon Fitow (2013) over coastal areas of east China during its landfall. Data from the innermost model domain are used to trace trajectories of particles in three major 24-h accumulated rainfall centers using the Lagrangian flexible particle dispersion model (FLEXPART). Surface rainfall budgets and cloud microphysical budgets as well as precipitation efficiency are analyzed along the particles’ trajectories. The rainfall centers with high precipitation efficiency are associated with water vapor convergence, condensation, accretion of cloud water by raindrops, and raindrop loss/convergence. The raindrop loss/convergence over rainfall centers is supported by the raindrop gain/divergence over the areas adjacent to rainfall centers. Precipitation efficiency is mainly determined by hydrometeor loss/convergence. Hydrometeor loss/convergence corresponds to the hydrometeor flux convergence, which may be related to the increased vertical advection of hydrometeors in response to the upward motions and upward decrease of hydrometeors, whereas hydrometeor gain/divergence corresponds to the reduction in hydrometeor flux convergence, which may be associated with the decreased horizontal advection of hydrometeors in response to the zonal decrease in hydrometeors and easterly winds and the meridional increase in hydrometeors and southerly winds. The water vapor convergence and associated condensation do not show consistent relationships with orographic lifting all the time.
Laryngopharyngeal Sensory Deficits as a Predictor of Aspiration
Authors: Setzen Michael , Cohen Manderly A. , Mattucci Kenneth F. , Perlman Philip W. , Ditkoff Michael K. 
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE:This study evaluates whether patients with severe sensory deficits in the hypopharynx are at increased risk for aspiration and determines the relationship between pharyngeal muscular weakness and hypopharyngeal sensory deficits.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Forty patients with dysphagia who underwent flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing were prospectively divided into 2 groups. One group included patients with severe sensory deficits determined by an absent laryngeal adductor reflex and the other with normal sensitivity. Subjects were given liquid and puree consistencies and were evaluated for aspiration as well as pharyngeal muscle contraction.RESULTS:The differences in incidence of aspiration and pharyngeal muscular weakness between the 2 groups were significant (P < 0.001 Fisher's exact test).CONCLUSION:There is a strong association between motor function deficits and hypopharyngeal sensory deficits.SIGNIFICANCE:The association of sensory loss and motor deficits together with the use of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing can predict those patients who are at highest risk for aspiration.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Human Papillomavirus Type‐16 Infected Oral Cancer Cells
Authors: Brown Jimmy J. , Qin Min , William‐Smith Lorraine , Coker Joan F. , Zhou Heng , Nishitani Junko , Liu Xuan 
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to determine the genes required for head and neck cancer development.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Differential mRNA display analysis was performed using human papillomavirus Type‐16 infected immortalized human oral keratinocytes (HOK‐16B) and its benzo(a)pyrene‐exposed tumorigenic derivative (HOK‐16B‐BaP‐T).RESULTS:Twenty‐one differentially expressed cDNA clones were identified between the 2 cell lines. Clone 4 with no known homology showed lower expression in tumorigenic cells compared with either normal or immortalized oral keratinocytes. Clone 6 expression was elevated in several head and neck cancer cells, in addition to Burkitt's lymphoma Rajl harboring latent Epstein‐Barr virus.CONCLUSION:These findings suggested that clone 6 may be involved in the oncogenic transformation whereas clone 4 may potentially function as a tumor suppressor gene.SIGNIFICANCE:Differential mRNA analysis using the in vitro oral carcinogenesis model may help to identify important genetic markers for the early detection and progression of head and neck cancer.
Purulent Otitis Media—A “Silent” Source of Sepsis in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Persico Michael , Barker Geoffrey A. , Mitchell David P. 
Published: July 2017

Septicemia is common in patients in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) who have nasotracheal tubes. Although it is frequently caused by middle ear effusion (MEE), pneumatic otoscopy is not routinely performed in these patients. To demonstrate the value of this procedure, 46 pediatric ICU patients with nasotracheal tubes were followed daily with pneumatic otoscopy for 11 to 98 days and compared with 25 controls without nasotracheal tubes, 12 of whom had nasogastric tubes. Myringotomy was performed whenever blood culture became positive. MEE was significantly more frequent in patients with nasotracheal tubes (87%) than in patients with controls (23%) and occurred first on the side of intubation. Blood bacteria were identical to middle ear pathogens in 80% of patients. Nasogastric tubes were not significant in causing MEE. The high incidence of MEE resulting from nasotracheal intubation indicates the importance of including pneumatic otoscopy in the daily examination of these high‐risk patients.
Oncogenes in Laryngeal Cancer: Serial Passage of Transformed Cellular DNA
Authors: Friedman William H. , Rosenblum Barry N. , Loewenstein Paul , Thornton Helen , Katsantonis George , Green Maurice 
Published: July 2017

DNA originally extracted from squamous cell cancer of the larynx has been serially passaged through transformed populations of NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts. The transformed foci were then harvested, cloned to volume, and incubated with a fresh population of NIH/3T3 cells in a second passage. Transforming efficiencies were enhanced by serial passage. In addition, Southern Blot analysis of the transformed foci revealed hybridization between transformant DNA and human probe DNA from the Alu family of conserved human DNA sequences. In the first passage this hybridization took the form of diffuse homology throughout the entire molecular weight distribution. The second‐passage DNA showed “narrow bands” indicating the possibility that an oncogene has been identified in laryngeal cancer and that serial passage has eliminated contaminating human sequences. Repetitive transfection in third‐ and fourth‐passage studies is now being completed.
Facial Profileplasty by Liposuction Extraction
Authors: Newman Julius , Dolsky Richard L. , Nguyen Abram 
Published: July 2017

Facial profileplasty can include the removal of abnormal fat deposits In the face and neck as an Individual begins to age and, In many cases, the correction of chin projection to achieve a better neck‐chin contour line. In this report we retrospectively analyze the complications and results from 142 patients undergoing facial liposuction alone or In combination with chin augmentation or rhytldectomy during a follow‐up period of 14 months, the liposuction technique offers very low morbidity and Is superior to conventional exclslonal methods.
The Fetal Auditory Brain Stem Response: Serial Measurements at Two Stimulus Intensities
Authors: Woods James R. , Plessinger Mark A. 
Published: July 2017

Eleven fetal lambs were tested for auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) at 105 and 90 db sound pressure level from 110 to 116 days until 133 days gestation. ABRs were elicited in response to 1200 clicks, presented at 16 clicks/sec, from a hearing aid receiver secured in the fetal external ear canal and recorded from subdermal stainless steel electrodes at the vertex (active electrode) and anterior pinna (reference electrode). Six term newborn lambs were tested similarly for ABR comparison. No fetal ABRs appeared before 117 days gestation. Thereafter, the ABRs exhibited decreasing peak latencies with increasing stimulus intensity and fetal age. Newborn ABR latency measurements were compared with predicted newborn values generated from linear regression analysis of fetal data. Newborn latencies to waves I and II approximated predicted values. Newborn latencies to waves III, IV, and V were much shorter than predicted, suggesting rapid maturation of higher brain stem and midbrain neurogenerators during late fetal development.
Effects of Extracellular Calcium on Cholesteatoma Migration and Adhesion in Vitro
Authors: Minotti Americo M. , Kountakis Stillianos E. , Leighton William R. , Cabral Fernando R. 
Published: July 2017

Cholesteatoma matrix and tympanic epithelia share the unique property of en mass migratory locomotion in vitro. Although this migratory behavior is not well understood, it is thought to be a major contributor to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of cholesteatoma disease. We have surmised that en mass migration depends on light calcium‐dependent intercellular and substrate cellular adhesions. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a diminished extracellular calcium level on cholesteatoma migration and adhesion. Cholesteatoma matrixes obtained intraoperatively from patients undergoing mastoidectomies for chronic ear disease were cut into small fragments and grown in culture. When cultured specimens were exposed to low‐calcium medium (0.14 mmol/L calcium), a greater than 10‐fold reduction in the rate of migration was observed when compared with control values (1.8 mmol/L calcium). This reduction of migration returned to normal within 46 hours after extracellular calcium was replenished. Substrate cellular adhesion was also significantly reduced when cholesteatoma cells were grown in low‐calcium medium. These observations were further supported by histomorphologic findings. Our findings suggest that calcium‐dependent intercellular and substrate cellular adhesions are essential for cholesteatoma migration and adhesion. These studies further our understanding of the pathophysiology of cholesteatoma disease and may provide clues on how to better treat patients with this disease.
Expression of PIM kinases in Reed-Sternberg cells fosters immune privilege and tumor cell survival in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Szydłowski Maciej , Prochorec-Sobieszek Monika , Szumera-Ciećkiewicz Anna , Derezińska Edyta , Hoser Grażyna , Wasilewska Danuta , Szymańska-Giemza Olga , Jabłońska Ewa , Białopiotrowicz Emilia , Sewastianik Tomasz , Polak Anna , Czardybon Wojciech , Gałęzowski Michał , Windak Renata , Zaucha Jan Maciej , Warzocha Krzysztof , Brzózka Krzysztof , Juszczyński Przemysław 
Published: July 2017

Key PointsPIM kinases are ubiquitously expressed in RS cells of cHL. PIM inhibition decreases NFκB and STAT3/5 activity, cell viability, and expression of immunoregulatory proteins PD-L1/2 and galectin-1.