bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization of Peripheral Neuron Sensitization in a Surgical Mouse Model of Osteoarthritis by In Vivo Calcium Imaging
Authors: Miller Rachel E. , Kim Yu Shin , Tran Phuong B. , Ishihara Shingo , Dong Xinzhong , Miller Richard J. , Malfait Anne‐Marie 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo develop a method for analyzing sensory neuron responses to mechanical stimuli in vivo, and to evaluate whether these neuronal responses change after destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM).MethodsDMM or sham surgery was performed in 10‐week‐old male C57BL/6 wild‐type or Pirt‐GCaMP3+/‐ mice. All experiments were performed 8 weeks after surgery. Knee and hind paw hyperalgesia were assessed in wild‐type mice. The retrograde label DiI was injected into the ipsilateral knee to quantify the number of knee‐innervating neurons in the L4 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in wild‐type mice. In vivo calcium imaging was performed on the ipsilateral L4 DRG of Pirt‐GCaMP3+/‐ mice as mechanical stimuli (paw pinch, knee pinch, or knee twist) were applied to the ipsilateral hind limb.ResultsEight weeks after surgery, mice subjected to DMM had more hyperalgesia in the knee and hind paw compared to mice subjected to sham surgery. Intraarticular injection of DiI labeled similar numbers of neurons in the L4 DRG of mice subjected to sham surgery and mice subjected to DMM. Increased numbers of sensory neurons responded to all 3 mechanical stimuli in mice subjected to DMM, as assessed by in vivo calcium imaging. The majority of responses in mice subjected to sham surgery and mice subjected to DMM were in small to medium‐sized neurons, consistent with the size of nociceptors. The magnitude of responses was similar between mice subjected to sham surgery and mice subjected to DMM.ConclusionOur findings indicate that increased numbers of small to medium‐sized DRG neurons respond to mechanical stimuli 8 weeks after DMM surgery, suggesting that nociceptors have become sensitized by lowering the response threshold.
Brief Report: Loss of Muscle Strength Prior to Knee Replacement: A Question of Anatomic Cross‐Sectional Area or Specific Strength?
Authors: Culvenor Adam G. , Hamler Felix C. , Kemnitz Jana , Wirth Wolfgang , Eckstein Felix 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo determine whether loss in thigh muscle strength prior to knee replacement is caused by reductions of muscle strength in the anatomic cross‐sectional area or by reductions of specific strength.MethodsAll 100 of the participants in the Osteoarthritis Initiative who underwent knee replacement and whose medical records included data on thigh isometric muscle strength and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (58 women, and 42 men, mean ± SD age 65 ± 8 years, mean ± SD body mass index [BMI] 29 ± 5 kg/m2) were matched with a control (no knee replacement) for age, sex, height, BMI, and radiographic severity. Thigh muscle anatomic cross‐sectional area was determined by MRI at the research visit before knee replacement (time 0) and 2 years before time 0 (time −2). Specific strength (strength/anatomic cross‐sectional area) was calculated, and the measures were compared by conditional logistic regression (i.e., odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation). ORs adjusted for pain (ORadj) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were also calculated.ResultsKnee replacement cases had significantly smaller extensor (but not flexor) anatomic cross‐sectional areas than controls at time 0 (women, ORadj 1.89 [95% CI 1.05–3.90]; men, ORadj 2.22 [95% CI 1.04–4.76]), whereas no significant differences were found at time −2. Women who had knee replacement showed lower levels of extensor specific strength than controls at time 0 (OR 1.59 [95% CI 1.02–2.50]), although this difference was not observed in men and did not maintain significance after adjustment for pain (ORadj 1.22 [95% CI 0.71–2.08]). Female cases lost significantly more extensor specific strength between time −2 and time 0 than controls (ORadj 3.76 [95% CI 1.04–13.60]), whereas no significant differences were noted at time −2, or in men.ConclusionPrior to knee replacement, a significant reduction in knee extensor strength appears to occur in women through 2 mechanisms: one driven by pain (loss of specific strength) and one independent of pain (loss of muscle anatomic cross‐sectional area). Men who underwent knee replacement showed significantly reduced levels of extensor anatomic cross‐sectional area, but not significantly lower strength or specific strength.
Preparation and Thermal Properties of Polycarbonates/esters Catalyzed by Using Dinuclear Salph‐Al from Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Epoxide Monomers
Authors: Zhou Yanchuan , Duan Ranlong , Li Xiang , Pang Xuan , Wang Xianhong , Chen Xuesi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA dinuclear Salph‐Al complex/bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride catalyst system was synthesized and employed for cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and CO2 copolymerization. The catalyst system had an excellent selectivity of 99 % for carbonate linkages and the resultant poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) had a high glass transition temperature (Tg) of 123.8 °C and a thermal decomposition temperature (5 % weight loss; Td 5 %) of 265 °C. Furthermore, this catalyst system was active in the polymerization of phthalic anhydride (PA) and epoxides. Poly(CHO‐alt‐PA) was completely alternating, and had improved thermal properties (Tg=142.7 and Td 5 %=295 °C) compared with PCHC. The Tg values of the polyesters could be adjusted by addition of PO to the CHO/PA reaction system. For the CHO/PO/PA terpolymerization, CHO and PO participated concurrently and proportionally in the chain growth and the obtained terpolyesters had tunable Tg values from 62.8 to 142.7 °C depending on the CHO/PO feed ratio.
Rational strain engineering interventions to enhance cellulase secretion by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kroukamp Heinrich , den Haan Riaan , van Zyl John‐Henry , van Zyl Willem Heber 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLignocellulosic biomass remains an attractive feedstock for the production of fuels if a technology can be developed to overcome its recalcitrance. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is one technology under development that aims to make this conversion process economically feasible. While no ideal CBP organism has been developed, several options have been pursued including engineering of the ethanologenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Considering the genetic malleability of this model organism, a variety of chemicals and chemical precursors could also be produced directly from cellulosic feedstocks, assuming an enzymatic system for the hydrolysis of the feedstock sugar polymers can be established. While there have been several accounts of the secretion of cellulases by strains of S. cerevisiae and the successful conversion of limited amounts of amorphous and model crystalline cellulose feedstocks to ethanol, substantial conversion of crystalline cellulose by these strains in the absence of exogenous cellulases has not been reported. The most cited reasons for this were the low secretion titer of cellulases in general and of cellobiohydrolases in particular. This review will compare the efforts that have been made to enhance heterologous protein secretion in the yeast S. cerevisiae through rational strain engineering with a focus on cellulases and will investigate important factors in developing successful CBP‐yeast strains. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
ATP Binding Cassette Sub‐family Member 2 (ABCG2) and Xenobiotic Exposure During Early Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Rosen Mitchell B. , Jeffay Susan C. , Nichols Harriette P. , Hoopes Maria R. , Hunter E. Sidney 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundATP binding cassette sub‐family member 2 (ABCG2) is a well‐defined efflux transporter found in a variety of tissues. The role of ABCG2 during early embryonic development, however, is not established. Previous work which compared data from the ToxCast screening program with that from in‐house studies suggested an association exists between exposure to xenobiotics that regulate Abcg2 transcription and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC), a relationship potentially related to redox homeostasis.MethodsmESC were grown for up to 9 days. Pharmacological inhibitors were used to assess transporter function with and without xenobiotic exposure. Proliferation and differentiation were evaluated using RedDot1 and quantiative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, respectively. ABCG2 activity was assessed using a Pheophorbide a‐based fluorescent assay. Protein expression was measured by capillary‐based immunoassay.ResultsABCG2 activity increased in differentiating mESC. Treatment with K0143, an inhibitor of ABCG2, had no effect on proliferation or differentiation. As expected, mitoxantrone and topotecan, two chemotherapeutics, displayed increased toxicity in the presence of K0143. Exposure to K0143 in combination with chemicals predicted by ToxCast to regulate ABCG2 expression did not alter xenobiotic‐induced toxicity. Moreover, inhibition of ABCG2 did not shift the toxicity of either tert‐Butyl hydroperoxide or paraquat, two oxidative stressors.ConclusionAs previously reported, ABCG2 serves a protective role in mESC. The role of ABCG2 in regulating redox status, however, was unclear. The hypothesis that ABCG2 plays a fundamental role during mESC differentiation or that regulation of the receptor by xenobiotics may be associated with altered mESC differentiation could not be supported. Birth Defects Research, 110:35–47, 2018. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Sickness Status and Neural Tube Defects: A Case–Control Study in a North Indian Population
Authors: Deb Roumi , Arora Gupta Jyoti , Saraswathy Kallur N. , Kalla Aloke K. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundThe prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in India is high in comparison to other regions in the world, with the Northern part reporting the highest prevalence.MethodsTo explore the risk factors for NTDs, a case–control study was carried out in Delhi from January 2008 to June 2011. Using multivariate logistic regression model analysis, 308 cases were compared with 580 controls and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was calculated using SPSS version 17.ResultsMaternal factors that were significantly associated with increased risk of NTDs were inter‐pregnancy interval (AOR = 3.175; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.007–5.024), hyperthermia during the first trimester (AOR = 2.07; 95% CI, 1.131–3.788), maturation ill pregnancy (AOR = 1.956; 95% CI, 1.385–2.763), chronic illness (AOR = 1.648; 95% CI, 1.103–2.462), and use of antibiotics (AOR = 5.589; 95% CI, 1.789–17.455). Differences in the risk were also found between upper and lower NTD. It was observed that all of the former five variables, except for chronic illness, were associated with risk for upper NTDs (AOR = 1.532; 95% CI, 0.916–2.563). In contrast, hyperthermia before conception (and not during the first trimester) was found to be additionally associated with risk for lower NTDs (AOR = 2.782; 95% CI, 1.302–5.944).ConclusionThese findings highlight heterogeneity in the etiology of upper and lower NTDs. The study also highlights the risk factors that should be considered in combating the risk of NTDs. Birth Defects Research 109:1393–1399, 2017.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Axillary tumour burden in women with a fine-needle aspiration/core biopsy-proven positive node on ultrasonography compared to women with a positive sentinel node
Authors: Lloyd P , Theophilidou E , Newcombe R G , Pugh L , Goyal A 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
The sensitivity of axillary ultrasonography (AUS) has increased in recent years, enabling detection of even low-volume axillary nodal metastases. The aim here was to evaluate the axillary tumour burden in women with a fine-needle aspiration/core biopsy-proven positive node on AUS and in those with a positive sentinel node biopsy (SNB).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included all patients with early breast cancer who had AUS and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) between 2011 and 2014.

Results
A total of 332 patients who had ALND were eligible for the study, 191 (57·5 per cent) in the AUS-positive group and 141 (42·5 per cent) in the SNB-positive group. Patients in the AUS-positive group were older at diagnosis (P = 0·018), more likely to have larger tumours (P = 0·002), higher tumour grade (P = 0·005), positive human epidermal growth factor 2 status (P = 0·015), and negative oestrogen receptor status (P &lt; 0·001). The AUS-positive group also had a larger number of lymph nodes with macrometastases (P &lt; 0·001) and were more likely to have extranodal invasion (P &lt; 0·001). In the AUS-positive group, 40·3 per cent of patients (77 of 191) had only one or two nodes with macrometastases identified at histology after ALND. Tumour size no larger than 20 mm, invasive ductal or lobular histology and breast-conserving surgery were associated with the presence of two or fewer macrometastases at ALND. Only tumour size and tumour histology remained significant in multiple logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion
Patients with AUS-detected metastases had a higher axillary tumour burden than those with SNB-detected metastases. Around 40 per cent of patients with AUS-detected nodal disease had one or two nodes with macrometastases and were thus overtreated by ALND.
A review of bioanalytical quantitative methods for selected sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor modulators
Authors: Dash Ranjeet Prasad , Srinivas Nuggehally R. , Rais Rana 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P1) modulators provide an emerging therapeutic approach for various autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. Fingolimod is the first approved orally active, selective and potent drug of this class. Other drugs belonging to this class include siponimod, ponesimod, ceralifimod, amiselimod, CS‐0777 and GSK2018682. However, owing to the high protein binding, polarity and zwitter‐ionic nature of the phosphate metabolite of parent drugs, it becomes challenging to optimize the extraction method for this class of compounds. Although, there are individual published bioanalytical methods for the analysis of selected S1P1 modulators to support preclinical and clinical drug development, no extensive review compiling all the bioanalytical methods for the important drugs in the class is available. Thus, we attempted to prepare a comprehensive review on various bioanalytical methods for selected S1P1 modulators which will provide all the relevant bioanalytical information as required by bioanalytical researchers. This review focuses on the various liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry methods that have been used to quantify S1P1 modulators in various biological matrices. Extraction methods included liquid–liquid extraction, solid‐phase extraction and one‐step protein precipitation for extracting the analytes. This review captures key information regarding sample processing options and chromatographic/detection conditions.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, and Docking Studies of New Triazolic Tripodal Ligands
Authors: Harit Tarik , Bellaouchi Reda , Rokni Yahya , Riahi Abdelkhalek , Malek Fouad , Asehraou Abdeslam 
Published: October 2017

The synthesis and characterization of new N‐donor bitriazolic tripods were reported. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of these products were screened against fungal strain (Candida pelliculosa) and against four bacterial strains (Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria innocua, and Escherichia coli). Biological data revealed the effect of the chemical structure on antimicrobial activity. Molecular docking studies of some compounds showed that they could act as inhibitors for the biotin carboxylase enzyme.
Hospital outcomes of transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in female in the United States
Authors: Ando Tomo , Akintoye Emmanuel , Telila Tesfaye , Briasoulis Alexandros , Takagi Hisato , Schreiber Theodore , Afonso Luis , Grines Cindy L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the in‐hospital mortality and complications in female between transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR).BackgroundFemale is one of the risk factors for increased adverse events in cardiac surgery.Methods and resultsNationwide Inpatient Sample database was queried from 2011 to 2014 for patients who underwent TAVR or SAVR in female patients. The primary endpoint was in‐hospital all‐cause mortality and second endpoints were perioperative complications. We performed a propensity score analysis to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for each outcome. Patients who had concomitant cardiac surgery and those who had TAVR or SAVR mainly for aortic regurgitation were excluded. Our query from 2011 to 2014 resulted in a total of 3,067 TAVR and 18,594 SAVR in female patients. TAVR patients were in general elder and had a higher burden of comorbidities. The primary endpoint was similar between TAVR and SAVR (4.2% vs. 3.9%, OR 1.0, P = 0.89). Compared to SAVR, female TAVR patients had less hemorrhage requiring transfusion (12% vs. 21%, OR 0.41, P < 0.001), perioperative cardiac arrest and nonfatal myocardial infarction (9.8% vs. 17%, OR 0.38, P < 0.001), respiratory complication (1.6% vs. 4.4%, OR 0.28, P < 0.001), post‐op sepsis (1.7% vs. 2.9%, OR 0.65, P = 0.03), acute myocardial infarction (3.0% vs. 4.9%, OR 0.60, P < 0.001), and acute kidney injury (15% vs. 18%, OR 0.62, P < 0.001). Conversely, female TAVR patients had significantly increased risk of new pacemaker implantation (11% vs. 5.9%, OR 1.7, P < 0.001) and use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (0.66% vs. 0.24%, OR 2.8, P < 0.001). TAVR patients had less nonroutine discharge. The median hospital cost was significantly higher in TAVR than SAVR (median $51,274 vs. $43,677, P < 0.001) but the length of stay was shorter (mean 7.8 days vs. 10.5 days).ConclusionsTAVR may be a better option for those patients with underlying comorbidities that predispose them at higher risk for complications that was less observed in TAVR group. However, higher cost and increased risk of need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, although rare, should be taken into consideration upon deciding the optimal mode for aortic valve replacement.
Treatment goals and discharge criteria for hospitalized patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Bakosis G. , Christofilis I. , Karavidas A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAcute heart failure (AHF) represents a potentially fatal disease that needs immediate hospital care. In‐hospital management can be divided into three consecutive phases: an early phase of intensive management of symptoms, an intermediate phase of stabilization and transition from intravenous to oral medication, and a late phase of discharge and outpatient management. However, despite its life‐threatening features (increased mortality and readmission rates), many treatment decisions are opinion based and only few are evidence based. The present paper describes in‐hospital treating modalities and attempts to provide clinical and laboratory criteria for patient evaluation that will help doctors determine readiness and safety of discharge. In addition, it highlights some unresolved issues that need to be addressed by future research.Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/5608938/Activity.aspx
Inotropes in acute heart failure
Authors: Bistola V. , Chioncel O. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAcute heart failure (AHF) encompasses a wide range of clinical presentations, from acute hypertensive heart failure (HF) to low cardiac output hypoperfusion syndromes with cardiogenic shock at the extreme end of this side. Inotropes are pharmacologic agents that enhance cardiac contractility, thereby augmenting cardiac output. Currently, there are three classes of inotropes available in clinical practice with distinct mechanisms of action: beta‐adrenergic agonists, phosphodiesterase III inhibitors, and the calcium‐sensitizer levosimendan. Inotropes are indicated as short‐term therapy in low cardiac output AHF and cardiogenic shock (usually with coadministration of a vasoconstrictor) to increase cardiac output, restore peripheral perfusion, and prevent end‐organ dysfunction. Inotropes can cause serious cardiovascular adverse effects, most commonly tachyarrhythmias and myocardial ischemia and are associated with increased medium‐ and long‐term mortality in HF. Therefore, intense monitoring is necessary during their administration, while long‐term infusion is contraindicated with the exception of advanced HF patients in whom inotropes may be used as a bridge to a definitive therapy (transplantation or ventricular assist device implantation) or as palliative treatment. Emerging inotropes acting through novel pathways independent of those targeted by conventional agents may overcome safety limitations of currently available agents.Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/5608943/Activity.aspx
Cardiohepatic interactions in heart failure: clinical and therapeutic implications
Authors: Nikolaou M. , Mebazaa A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLiver involvement in chronic heart failure has long been recognized and reflects the systemic hemodynamic changes that occur during the evolution of heart failure syndrome. Apart from venous congestion and backward failure, other fundamental mechanisms also exist such as decreased hepatic blood flow, decreased arterial saturation, and sinusoidal thrombosis. In the acute setting, the decrease in cardiac output, accompanied by severe and profound hypotension is the main cause of acute liver injury, whereas increased venous pressure also plays an important role. The biochemical dominance of a cholestatic profile is rather related to congestion and increased systemic venous pressures, whereas the hepatotoxic profile is rather related to hypoperfusion.Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/5608949/Activity.aspx
[(CH3)3NH]3Bi2I9: A Polar Lead‐Free Hybrid Perovskite‐Like Material as a Potential Semiconducting Absorber
Authors: Zhang Jing , Han Shiguo , Ji Chengmin , Zhang Weichuan , Wang Yuyin , Tao Kewen , Sun Zhihua , Luo Junhua 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPerovskite hybrids of lead organometal halides, most notably CH3NH3PbI3, have shown extremely promising applications in the field of optoelectronics, because of their remarkable semiconducting and light‐absorbing properties. However, two key issues—the toxicity of lead and the poor ambient instabilities—have restrained their further commercialization. Herein, we have designed a new stable polar lead‐free hybrid material by utilizing the strategy of cation substitution, [(CH3)3N]3Bi2I9 (1), which adopts the 0D inorganic perovskite‐like architecture by face‐sharing BiI6 octahedra. It is interesting that 1 displays excellent absorbing properties with a narrow optical band gap of ≈2.0 eV, and positive temperature‐dependent conductivity confirms its semiconducting behaviors. In addition, 1 has good phase stability against decomposition under ambient conditions, much superior to that of CH3NH3PbI3. This work suggests the potential of 1 as a lead‐free semiconducting absorber with high phase stability for photoelectric applications.