bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of APGAR score and cord blood pH with severity of birth asphyxia and short-term outcome
Authors: Meena Pradeep , Meena Mahendra , Gunawat Maheshwar 
Published: June 2017

Background: Birth/Perinatal asphyxia is one of the common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Morbidity and mortality in asphyxia depends on duration and severity of asphyxia. The present study was carried out to find out the correlation of APGAR score and cord blood pH with severity of birth asphyxia and short-term outcome.Methods: An observational hospital based prospective study was conducted at inborn NICU, of Medical College Hospital of Southern Rajasthan from March 2015 to September 2015. We enrolled total 50 inborn asphyxiated newborns as cases. The cord blood was collected immediately at delivery for measurement of cord blood arterial blood gas analysis including pH. All the enrolled cases were admitted in the NICU for treatment and observation for complication and immediate neurological outcome. All the admitted newborns were followed till discharge/death for final outcome. The correlation of APGAR score, cord blood pH and outcome was analysed statistically.Results: The mean APGAR score at 1 min, 5 min and mean cord blood pH in babies with HIE-I were 4.40±0.89, 6.80±0.45 and 7.21±0.11; HIE-II 3.70±0.67, 6.0±1.25 and 7.20±0.06; HIE-III 2.69±0.60, 3.56±0.8 and 7.03±0.11, respectively. Correlation coefficients of APGAR 1 min, 5 min and cord blood pH to predict the severity of birth asphyxia were -0.633, -0.666 and 0.624.Conclusions: Cord blood pH at birth in combination with APGAR score can be used to predict the severity of birth asphyxia and short-term outcome. APGAR score and cord blood pH are inversely related with the duration and severity asphyxia.
Spectrum of clinical profile, co-morbidities and parental burden of cerebral palsy children in a tertiary care centre
Authors: C. N. Bhanuprakash , Reddy Chikkanarasa 
Published: June 2017

Background: The cerebral palsy is the most common cause of severe physical disability in childhood. The developmental disabilities are a group of disorders differentiated by the pattern of delay among developmental streams. The four streams of development include language, problem solving, motor and social. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder of development in which motor function abnormalities are a key feature. Severity varies from mild to severe. Cerebral palsy is a very challenging disability for parents and professionals. Cerebral palsy is a heterogeneous group of persistent disorders of movement and posture caused by non-progressive defects or lesions of immature brain, is the most common cause of childhood disability. The incidence of CP is 2 to 2.5 per thousand live births. During the past twenty years, there have been increases in the incidence and prevalence of CP that may be related to improved documentation of cases, advances in neonatal care and other factors.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. A total of 100 Cerebral Palsy cases were studied in Neuro-developmental clinic, in BMC and RI.Results: Clinical profile of our study shows 74% Spastic cerebral palsy cases (of which 38% were quadriparetic, 31% were diplegic and 5% were hemiparetic), 19% of Hypotonic CP, 1% of Dystonic CP and 6% of Mixed CP cases. Co morbidities in the form of Mental retardation was seen in 94%, feeding problem 64%, visual problems in 39%, seizure disorder in 39%, hearing problems in 18%, behavioral problems 16% of cases.Conclusions: Perinatal asphyxia was important preventable cause of cerebral palsy. Majority of cerebral palsy children were of spastic type. Mental retardation, feeding problem, hearing and vision impairment and seizures were major co morbidities in children with cerebral palsy. Nuclear type of family and high number of co morbidities of the disabled child correlated significantly with higher caregiver burden.
Mesenteric lymphadenopathy in children with recurrent abdominal pain
Authors: Sabal Saransh , Poswal Lakhan , Gediya Sandip , Goyal Suresh 
Published: June 2017

Background: Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) are frequently seen in children with abdominal pain and in the absence of other disorders, have been attributed to primary mesenteric lymphadenitis. Mesenteric lymphadenitis is commonly reported in children with acute, chronic or recurrent abdominal pain and no evidence of other pathologies. The purpose of this study was to find out the association of USG finding of enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes with causation of recurrent abdominal pain and outcome of these patients on follow up.Methods: This hospital based prospective study was done on 82 patients aged 5 to 15 years, attending Bal Chikitsalaya, RNT Medical college, Udaipur, fulfilling Apley’s criteria of RAP. Detailed history, physical examination, relevant investigations and USG abdomen was done in all patients.Results: Eighty-two children were enrolled; out of which majority (62.19%) were in age group 5-8 years with mean age 7.9±2.69 years. Mesenteric lymphadenopathy was found in 14 (17.07%) cases. All patients with mesenteric lymphadenopathy 14 (100%) had periumbilical pain and diurnal variation of pain. Follow up of 14 patients who had mesenteric lymphadenopathy showed that in 12 (85.71%) patients, the mesenteric lymphadenopathy resolved on USG despite that pain abdomen persisted in 7 (58.33%).Conclusions: The presence of mesenteric lymphadenopathy can’t be attributed to recurrent abdominal pain.
Screening of diabetic respiratory symptomatics for pulmonary TB: a key to tackle another hurdle in patient care and TB control?
Authors: Jalamkar Omprakash D. , Salve Vijay Tukaram 
Published: June 2017

Background: Association of diabetes and TB have been described in literature since ancient times. With the effective AIDS control programme, HIV related TB morbidity and mortality has decreased drastically, globally as well as in India. However with current life style, diabetes is increasing. And diabetes related TB, is one of the major hurdle in control of TB at both patient care to public health level. Bidirectional screening has been advocated by WHO and IUATLD. The purpose of this study is to revisit the problem of ‘TB and DM duo’. Methods: Hundred consecutive diabetic respiratory symptomatics, attending medical and chest outpatient department and referrals at ESI-post-graduate institute at a tertiary hospital, Mumbai, were enrolled as per inclusion and exclusion criteria and data was collected and analyzed. Data was compared with the similar studies in literature and final conclusion was drawn. Results: From our experience, 15% diabetics having respiratory symptoms were diagnosed as PTB. Majority of patients had ‘typical radiological findings ‘(i.e. upper zone predilection) and 50% of the diagnosed TB patients had +1 smear. Poor glycemic control was found to be associated with PTB (mean HbA1c -9.5%, S.D -1.866). Conclusions: Diabetes possess a significant burden on pulmonary TB and a serious consideration and due priority should be given to screen diabetic respiratory symptomatics as part of collaborative diabetes TB management.
¿De qué están hechas las cosas?
Authors: Dussán Helber 
Published: June 2017

En este artículo se describe la teoría actualmente aceptada sobre la constitución de la materia, conocida con el nombre de Modelo Estándar de Partículas Elementales. Se explica la razón y el origen de la clasificación entre diferentes tipos de partículas, bosones, leptones, quarks, hadrones, mesones, etc. Se hace un análisis crítico del modelo, así como sus posibles perspectivas.
Diseño del robot industrial UMNG-I
Authors: Caparroso Ivan Olier 
Published: June 2017

Este artículo resume el proceso empleado en el diseño del Robot Industrial UMNG-I del programa de Ingeniería Mecatrónica de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Se presenta un conjunto de conceptos fundamentales relacionados con la robótica industrial así como un proceso organizado y secuencial de diseño. Finalmente se muestra los resultados parciales obtenidos para el Robot Industrial UMNG-I.
Definición de las áreas y líneas de investigación de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Militar "Nueva Granada"
Authors: Morales de Mosquera Luz Yolanda 
Published: June 2017

La Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Militar tiene a disposición de las Fuerzas Militares y la comunidad en general tres programas de Ingeniería en pregrado: Civil, Industrial y Mecatrónica; y dos en posgrado: Diseño, Construcción y Conservación de Puentes, y Gerencia Integral de Proyectos. Uno de los objetivos principales es desarrollar la investigación como característica fundamental de la docencia con el fin de generar conocimientos científicos y técnicos, tanto en programas de pregrado como de posgrado y como aporte a la solución de problemas de la comunidad mediante el servicio de extensión universitaria. La definición de las Líneas de investigación de la Facultad se ha venido haciendo desde 1994, teniendo presente el recurso humano con que se cuenta y los recursos económicos con los que la Universidad apoya los proyectos de investigación, que cumplen con los requisitos establecidos en la resolución 458 del 28 de octubre de 1994 y que se enmarcan dentro de las políticas y estrategias de la Universidad en el campo de la investigación.
Aplicación del cemento Portland y los cementos adicionados
Authors: Salamanca Correa Rodrigo 
Published: June 2017

El cemento es un producto intermedio utilizado para fabricar materiales de construcción: morteros y concretos. La trabajabilidad de esos materiales en estado fresco, sus propiedades una vez endurecidos y los costos, son decisivos para su aplicación como materiales de construcción. En el No. 9 de esta revista se publicó un artículo relacionado con los cementos adicionados, sus características, ventajas implícitas en su uso, etc. En el presente artículo se resumen algunas de las características básicas de los materiales que se elaboran con tales cementos, es decir los concretos y los morteros.
Empleo de basura para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas de una estructura de pavimento
Authors: Reyes Ortiz Oscar Javier 
Published: June 2017

Este artículo describe la realización de un estudio en laboratorio de la determinación de los porcentajes óptimos de desperdicio de material plástico (llantas viejasm neumáticos usados, bolsas de leche y botellas de agua), mediante la ejecución de los ensayos Marshall, modulo dinámico y leyes de fatiga. El material plástico es introducido en la mezcla asfáltica en el momento de mezclado del granular y el asfalto, en pedazos de aproximadamente 4 milímetros de lado. Los ensayos de módulo dinámico se realizaron a 10, 20 y 30 grados Celsius y a 1, 10 y 25 Hz de frecuencia; Las Leyes de fatiga se ejecutaron para tres deformaciones diferentes y a las temperaturas de 10 y 20 grados Celsius. Los resultados principales obtenidos fueron los porcentajes óptimos de cada material, el porcentaje de mejoramiento y la temperatura, la deformación y la frecuencia empleada en la ejecución de cada ensayo.
Current status of mosaic disease on patchouli and its control in Indonesia
Authors: Noveriza Rita 
Published: June 2017

<p align="center">ABSTRACK</p><p>In Indonesia, the patchouli plant has been developed in twenty one Province and now there are 10 provinces that would be the area of development of patchouli with an area of 150 ha and a seed garden is focused in North Sulawesi with an area of 6 hectares. Mosaic disease on patchouli has been developing very fast, within a period of 3 years have spread to the central cultivation of patchouli in Sumatera, Java and Sulawesi. This is mainly due to the multiplication of patchouli by vegetative cutting. Therefore, the use of virus-free seed patchouli and early detection methods of patchouli seed is a major concern. In addition, the maintenance of patchouli seeds in the nursery to be free of mosaic disease and its vector is very important. Sanitation and spraying the plants with formulation of clove and citronella oil needs to be done every one or two weeks to protect the seed patchouli in nursery and every four weeks in field.</p><p>Keywords: Pogostemon cablin, Potyvirus, biopesticide, mosaic disease control.</p><p> </p><p align="center">ABSTRAK</p><p>Status terkini penyakit mosaik pada tanaman nilan dan pengendaliannya di Indonesia</p><p>Di Indonesia, tanaman nilam telah dikembangkan di duapuluh satu Provinsi dan sekarang ada 10 provinsi yang akan menjadi daerah pengembangan nilam dengan luas 150 ha dan kebun bibit difokuskan di Sulawesi Utara dengan luas 6 hektar. Penyakit mosaik dari nilam telah berkembang sangat cepat, dalam jangka waktu 3 tahun telah menyebar ke budidaya pusat nilam di Sumatera, Jawa dan Sulawesi. Hal ini terutama disebabkan oleh perbanyakan nilam dengan memotong vegetatif. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan nilam benih bebas virus dan metode deteksi dini benih nilam merupakan perhatian utama. Selain itu, pemeliharaan bibit nilam di persemaian untuk bebas dari penyakit mosaik dan vektor yang sangat penting. Sanitasi dan penyemprotan tanaman dengan formulasi cengkeh dan minyak sereh perlu dilakukan setiap satu atau dua minggu untuk melindungi benih nilam di persemaian dan setiap empat minggu di lapangan.</p>Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin, Potyvirus, biopestisida, pengendalian penyakit mosaik.
Plant Community and Succession in Lowland Grasslands under Saline–Alkali Conditions with Grazing Exclusion
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Zhu Huisen , Dong Kuanhu , Li Deying 
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas
Soil properties are important factors for pasture degradation in addition to grazing management.
Community patch formation could be predicted from soil variables.
Community patch types may be used as an indicator of the degree of grassland degradation.
Grazing exclusion affects biomass production and species diversity differently.
Rangeland degradation poses a serious environmental and economic problem in northern China. This study investigated soil conditions and plant community patches prior to and after grazing exclusion in Youyu County, Shanxi Province. The soil at this site has a pH of 8.2 to 10.1 and electrical conductivity of 0.4 to 5.9 dS m−1. With the exception of bare patches, the patches were named after the dominant species, that is, Artemisia anethifolia Weber ex Stechm. (AA), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (PA), Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. (PD), Chloria virgate Sw. (CV), and Leymus secalinus (Georgi) Tzvel. (LS) with increasing biomass production, Shannon–Wiener index (H’), evenness index (V’), degree of succession (Ds), and patch shape parameters. Canonical correlation analysis was used to explain the relationships between soil variables and biological, and between soil variables and shape variables of the community patches. The soil canonical variable was represented by soil moisture, organic matter, and bulk density with a standardized canonical coefficient of 1.09, 0.79, and –0.69, respectively. The plant canonical variable was represented by biomass production with correlation coefficient of 0.96 (P = 0.0021). A total of 73.0% of the variance standardizing the measuring units of the plant variables were explained by the soil canonical variable, indicating that the first latent soil variable could be used to predict the latent plant variable. Open grazing (90% biomass removal) contributed to the deterioration of the grassland. Over a 2‐yr period, grazing exclusion did not increase the H’ but it did increase biomass production. Therefore, correcting soil problems is needed in addition to reducing the grazing stock.
Using Topsoil Thickness to Improve Site‐Specific Phosphorus and Potassium Management on Claypan Soil
Authors: Conway Lance S. , Yost Matt A. , Kitchen Newell R. , Sudduth Kenneth A. 
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas
Topsoil depth influences P and K dynamics on claypan soils.
Most P and K dynamics were inversely affected by depth to claypan.
Accounting for depth to claypan could improve P and K fertilizer management.
Precise P and K fertilizer management on claypan soils can be difficult due to variable topsoil thickness, or depth to claypan (DTC), across landscapes, nutrient supply from subsoils, and crop removal. Therefore, a study was performed to determine if DTC could be used to improve P and K management for corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.)], and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Research was conducted on a claypan soil at the University of Missouri's (MU) South Farm Research Center in Columbia, MO, from 2009 to 2016. Corn, soybean, and switchgrass were grown each year on 16 plots with constructed DTC ranging from 0 to 94 cm. Surface soil samples for soil test phosphorus (STP) and potassium (STK) were collected in the early spring of 2009, 2015, and 2016. Fertilizer was applied shortly after soil sampling in 2009 and 2015 based on the MU buildup recommendation. Results in the spring of 2015 showed that STP increased 0.53, STK decreased 4.4, and the phosphorus buffering index (BIP) decreased 0.94 kg ha−1 with each 1 cm increase in DTC. Most importantly, across the 2015 growing season the amount of fertilizer K needed to raise soil test potassium by 1 kg ha−1 (REQK) was four times greater at DTC of 44 than 0 cm. These relationships show that accounting for DTC could improve current fertility guidelines by applying more, or more frequent P, and less K on shallow soils.
Changes in Lignocellulosic Polymers, Carbon, and Energy in Switchgrass for Bioenergy Production
Authors: Saini Priya , de Koff Jason P. , Allison Abimbola , Hamilton Choo 
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas
Depending on the energy conversion method, switchgrass may be harvested over 2 months prior to killing frost.
Drought may have caused a delay in the fall increase in C concentrations in switchgrass.
Switchgrass cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and energy contents were unaffected by drought.
Few studies have intensively monitored switchgrass chemical components during natural drought conditions.
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a potential bioenergy crop recommended by the U.S. Department of Energy. To produce biofuel from switchgrass, high cellulose and low lignin concentrations are ideal for biochemical conversion while high lignin and energy content are desirable for thermochemical conversion. These values change during plant growth. The objective of this study was to identify the optimum harvest window using a one‐cut system. Thirteen and eight harvests were collected in 2011 and 2012, respectively, and analyzed for cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, total C, and energy content. Generally, cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations increased through July, remained relatively constant for the remainder of the study period (through early November), and were unaffected by drought. Carbon concentrations increased significantly with plant growth then decreased significantly in July/August, presumably due to reproductive growth, followed by a significant increase in September or October of 2011 and 2012 due to senescence. Drought in early 2012 may have caused small changes in C concentration as compared to 2011. Energy content increased significantly early in the season, and remained similar between August and November while lignin concentrations increased. Both parameters, however, were relatively unaffected by the 2012 drought. It was concluded that switchgrass could be harvested as early as late August (earlier than the current recommended period of after 1 November or killing frost) depending on the requirements of the conversion method. More research is needed to determine whether early or delayed harvests have a greater economic impact on overall fuel yields in drought or normal years.
L’abolition du registre des armes d’épaule : le rôle potentiel des principes non écrits
Authors: Daly Paul 
Published: June 2017

L’appel devant la Cour suprême dans l’affaire Canada (Procureur général) c Québec (Procureur général), soulève une question d’interprétation constitutionnelle : est-ce que sa compétence en matière de droit criminel permet au Parlement d’abroger une loi et d’un seul coup détruire unilatéralement toutes les données recueillies sous l’égide de cette même loi?
Analysis of Reference re Supreme Court Act: The Implied Currency Requirement for Quebec Seat Appointees to the Supreme Court
Authors: Barton Daryl 
Published: June 2017

The Supreme Court of Canada, in a 6-1 judgment in March 2014, ruled that an appointee toone of the three Quebec seats on the Supreme Court must be either a current Quebec SuperiorCourt judge or a current Quebec lawyer of at least ten years’ standing. Reference re SupremeCourt Act, ss. 5 and 6 [Reference] determined that the phrase “from among” in section 6 of the Supreme Court Act [Act] implies that Supreme Court appointees to the reserved Quebec seats must be current members of one of the designated Quebec legal institutions. The judgment also affi rmed that any change to the composition of the Supreme Court, including the eligibility conditions of appointees, is constitutionally protected. A synthesis of textual, contextual, and purposive analysis is hereinaft er used to review the Reference.
RELUCTANT WARRIOR, ENTHUSIASTIC PEACEKEEPER: DOMESTIC LEGAL REGULATION OF CANADIAN PARTICIPATION IN ARMED CONFLICTS*
Authors: Mgbeoji Ikechi 
Published: June 2017

War is, by necessity, a savage and grisly business and the decision to participate in armed conflict is one of the most onerous any govern- ment can make. This paper examines the domestic norms and institutionalized procedures that constrain or guide the office of prime minister of Canada in deciding when and how to put Canada in a state of war or armed conflict. This question assumes greater importance and subtlety because in contemporary times, formal declarations of war, which in past would have followed intense parliamentary debates, now seem anachronistic. In modern times, states engage in armed conflicts, whether aggressive1 or defensive, without adopting the technical procedure of formally “declaring” war on perceived enemy-states. Indeed, so ubiquitous and recurrent is this phenomenon of “undeclared warfare” that some scholars have suggested that the technical concept of war (declaration of war) has been effectively replaced by the “factual concept of armed conflict.”2 An obvious implication of this trend is that Canadians may not realize that their troops may be engaged in armed conflicts somewhere without as much as a prior parliamentary debate on the necessity of otherwise of participating in an armed conflict.
Judges and Religious-Based Reasoning: A Response to Ginn and Blaikie
Authors: Hamill Sarah E 
Published: June 2017

The Canadian jurisprudence on freedom of religion has tended to focus on the accommodation of religious practices rather than exploring the constitutionality of judicial reliance on religious-based reasoning. A recent article by Diana Ginn and David Blaikie seeks to argue that, in certain circumstances and under certain conditions, it would be acceptable for judges to rely on religious-based reasons in their judgments. Ginn and Blaikie see their recent article as being a continuation of sorts to their earlier piece, "Religious Discourse in the Public Square." While I found their earlier piece to be a persuasive defence of the use of religious-based reasoning in the public sphere, I have serious doubts over the constitutionality and applicability of their argument with regard to judges. It is the purpose of this paper to refute Ginn and Blaikie’s argument and to show that, in Canada, the use of religious-based reasons by judges is likely precluded by decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada.