bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myeloproliferative neoplasms: from origins to outcomes
Authors: Nangalia Jyoti , Green Anthony R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenetic basis of myeloproliferative neoplasms. The discovery of mutations in JAK2 over a decade ago heralded a new age for patient care as a consequence of improved diagnosis and the development of therapeutic JAK inhibitors. The more recent identification of mutations in calreticulin brought with it a sense of completeness, with most patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm now having a biological basis for their excessive myeloproliferation. We are also beginning to understand the processes that lead to acquisition of somatic mutations and the factors that influence subsequent clonal expansion and emergence of disease. Extended genomic profiling has established a multitude of additional acquired mutations, particularly prevalent in myelofibrosis, where their presence carries prognostic implications. A major goal is to integrate genetic, clinical, and laboratory features to identify patients who share disease biology and clinical outcome, such that therapies, both existing and novel, can be better targeted.
A pilot study to determine the effect of one physical therapy session on physical activity levels for individuals with chronic low back pain
Authors: Brewer Wayne , Swanson Brian T. , Roddey Toni S. , Adewale Habeeblai , Ashmore Caleb , Frerich Jennifer , Perrin Cory , Ortiz Alexis 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background
A pilot study was conducted to quantify the effect size of changes in physical activity after of one session of physical therapy for individuals with chronic low back pain and to determine factors that predict daily sedentary activity time.

Methods
Fourteen subjects with at least 3 days of physical activity accelerometer data were analyzed before and after one session of physical therapy. Data was analyzed using 1-tailed, paired t-tests with level of significance set at 0.05. Effect sizes were computed using the baseline and post intervention mean differences divided by the baseline and post-intervention differences in the standard deviation.

Results
A nonsignificant reduction in steps-per-day and time spent performing sedentary activities, with increases in light and moderate–vigorous physical activity were found (effect size: 0.15–0.33). A nonsignificant decrease in daily sitting and standing time 1 week immediately following the physical therapy session and an increase in daily lying time (p = 0.03) (effect size: 0.23–0.69) were found.

Conclusion
One physical therapy session resulted in a small physical activity change for individuals with chronic low back pain. Baseline and post intervention levels of pain catastrophisation and perceptions of disability need to be explored in future studies to determine if these are factors that influence levels of physical activity change for these individuals Results are limited by the small sample size, however the ability to increase physical activity in this population may be of clinical relevance.
Trial Registration NCT02823756; June 30, 2016: Retrospectively Registered
The Fabrication of an Amperometric Immunosensor Based on Double-Layer 2D-Network (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane Polymer and Platinum-Prussian Blue Hybrid Film
Authors: Zhang Lingyan , Qi Kun 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A label-free amperometric immunosensor using Prussian blue as an artificial peroxidase to detect methamphetamine was developed. The immunosensor exhibited excellent stability even in neutral and weakly alkaline conditions. Platinum-Prussian blue (Pt-PB) hybrid film co-deposited on an electrode was coated with double-layer 2D-network 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane (3-MPS), the thiols on which were utilized to absorb nano-Au in order to capture antibody. The Pt nanoparticle in the hybrid film acted not only as a carrier of PB to stabilize the PB film, but also a modifier for catalytic function because it increased the size of the lattice channels in PB film. Meanwhile, the double-layer 2D-network 3-MPS film could help stabilizing the Pt-PB film with its densely-packed structure and its homogeneous and defect-free characteristics. The signal readout was obtained electrochemically via PB-catalyzed H2O2 evolution reaction, which was inversely proportional to the concentration of methamphetamine in the sample. Thus, methamphetamine could be detected in 1.0 × 10−8 M–4.0 × 10−6 M by the immunosensor.
Impact of trichiasis surgery on daily living: A longitudinal study in Ethiopia
Authors: Habtamu Esmael , Wondie Tariku , Aweke Sintayehu , Tadesse Zerihun , Zerihun Mulat , Melak Berhanu , Gashaw Bizuayehu , Callahan Kelly , Emerson Paul M. , Bailey Robin L. , Mabey David C.W. , Rajak Saul N. , Kuper Hannah , Polack Sarah , Macleod David , Weiss Helen A. , Burton Matthew J. 
Published: December 2017

Background: Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) may lead to disability, impeding productive activities, resulting in loss of income. This study was conducted to determine if trichiasis surgery improves participation in productive and leisure activities, and ability to perform activities without difficulty or assistance. Methods: We recruited 1000 adults with trichiasis (cases) and 200 comparison participants, matched to every fifth trichiasis case on age (+/- two years), sex and location. The ‘Stylised Activity List’ tool, developed for the World Bank Living Standard Measurement Survey, was adapted to collect data on activity in the last week (participation in activity, difficulty with activity, requirement of assistance for activity), at baseline and 12 months later. All trichiasis cases received trichiasis surgery at baseline. Random effect logistic regression was used to compare cases and comparison participants. Results: There was strong evidence that trichiasis surgery substantially improves the ability of trichiasis cases to perform all the productive and leisure activities investigated without difficulty, with large increases in processing agricultural products, 21.1% to 87.0% (p<0.0001), farming, 19.1% to 82.4% (p<0.0001), and fetching wood, 25.3% to 86.0% (p<0.0001). Similarly, there was a significant increase in the proportion of cases who could perform activities without assistance, with the largest increases in animal rearing 54.2% to 92.0% (p<0.0001) and farming 73.2% to 96.4% (p<0.0001). There was no change in the proportion of comparison participants performing activities without difficulty or assistance. The change in most of the activities in cases was independent of visual acuity improvement and recurrent TT at 12 months. One year after trichiasis surgery, the proportion of cases reporting ocular pain reduced from 98.9% to 33.7% (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Eyelid surgery for TT improves functional capabilities regardless of vision gains. These data lend strong support to the view that TT surgery improves function and contributes to improved household income and wealth.
Acute stress and frontline healthcare providers
Authors: Naumann David N , McLaughlin Aisling , Thompson Christopher V , Hardy Elaine , Fellows Jodie L , Crombie Nicholas C 
Published: December 2017

Background: Repeated exposure to stress increases the risk of acute stress response (ASR) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Aims: The authors aimed to investigate ASR/PTSD symptoms among a multidisciplinary population of frontline health professionals who care for injured and critically unwell patients. Methods: A voluntary, anonymous questionnaire included an Impact of Events Scale-revised (IES-R) assessment, addressed stressors, teamwork, and mentorship. An IES-R score of >33 indicated symptoms in keeping with ASR (lasting <1 month) and PTSD (lasting >1 month). Findings: 15% (27/181) of returned questionnaires had an IES-R score >33; 19 had symptoms >1 month. Seven participants with IES-R >33 group had sought professional help. Less than half knew of a mentorship programme at their place of work. Conclusion: There is a hidden, untreated burden of stress symptoms among frontline emergency healthcare providers, and a variable environment of mentorship and teamwork. Attention is warranted if patient safety is to be optimised.
‘Hot Joints’ infection protocol reduces unnecessary post-operative re-admissions following total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Dattilo J. , Gittings D. , Sloan M. , Charette R. , Hume E. , Lee G-C. 
Published: December 2017

Aims To evaluate the effectiveness of an institutionally developed algorithm for evaluation and diagnosis of prosthetic joint injection and to determine the impact of this protocol on overall hospital re-admissions.p Patients and Methods We retrospectively evaluated 2685 total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients prior to (1263) and following (1422) the introduction of an infection detection protocol. The protocol used conservative thresholds for C-reactive protein to direct the medical attendant to aspirate the joint. The protocol incorporated a clear set of laboratory and clinical criteria that allowed a patient to be discharged home if all were met. Patients were included if they presented to our emergency department within 120 days post-operatively with concerns for swelling, pain or infection and were excluded if they had an unambiguous infection or if their chief complaint was non-orthopaedic in nature. Results Concern for infection was the single most common (32%) reason for presentation. A total of 296 patients made an emergency visit and were included following THA or TKA. In the pre-protocol cohort, 11 of 27 patients were formally re-admitted to the hospital with concern for infection but only five (45%) patients had actual infections and received additional treatment. In comparison, in the post-protocol cohort, 11 patients were admitted for suspected infection, nine (82%) of whom were truly infected (p = 0.04). Sensitivity increased from 83% to 100% and specificity increased from 71% to 96%. Implementation of this protocol did not miss any infections. Conclusion A standardised protocol for evaluation of THA and TKA infections significantly reduced unnecessary hospital re-admissions. The protocol was both sensitive and specific and did not compromise quality of care. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1603–10.
High prevalence of acetabular retroversion in asymptomatic adults
Authors: Wassilew G. I. , Heller M. O. , Janz V. , Perka C. , Müller M. , Renner L. 
Published: December 2017

AimsThis study sought to establish the prevalence of the cross over sign (COS) and posterior wall sign (PWS) in relation to the anterior pelvic plane (APP) in an asymptomatic population through reliable and accurate 3D-CT based assessment.Materials and MethodsData from pelvic CT scans of 100 asymptomatic subjects (200 hips) undertaken for conditions unrelated to disorders of the hip were available for analysis in this study. A previously established 3D analysis method was applied to assess the prevalence of the COS and PWS in relation to the APP.ResultsOf the 200 included hips, 24% (48) presented a positive COS and 5.5% (11) presented a positive PWS. A combination of COS and PWS was observed in 1% (two) of all hips (1%).ConclusionThe high incidence of acetabular retroversion, determined by the COS, shows that this anatomic configuration may not differ in frequency between asymptomatic individuals and patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Patients presenting with hip pain and evidence of FAI should be subjected to strict diagnostic scrutiny and evaluated in the sum of their clinical and radiological presentation. In our cohort of asymptomatic adults, the COS showed a higher incidence than the PWS or a combined COS/PWS. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1584–9.
Stable migration of peri-apatite-coated uncemented tibial components in a multicentre study
Authors: Dunbar M. J. , Laende E. K. , Collopy D. , Richardson C. G. 
Published: December 2017

Aims Hydroxyapatite coatings for uncemented fixation in total knee arthroplasty can theoretically provide a long-lasting biological interface with the host bone. The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis with propriety hydroxyapatite, peri-apatite, coated tibial components using component migration measured with radiostereometric analysis over two years as an indicator of long-term fixation. Patients and Methods A total of 29 patients at two centres received uncemented PA-coated tibial components and were followed for two years with radiostereometric analysis exams to quantify the migration of the component. Results While there was significant variation in individual migration patterns, the overall migration of the tibial component in the study group demonstrated a pattern of initial migration followed by stabilisation after one year, with mean maximum total point motion (MTPM) of 0.02 mm (standard deviation (sd) 0.20) between one and two years post-operatively. The direction of greatest motion was subsidence, which stabilised at three months post-operatively (mean translation of 0.21 mm, sd 0.40). Conclusion The tibial component migration pattern of stabilisation in the second post-operative year is indicative of successful long-term fixation for this PA-coated tibial component. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1596–1602.
Minimising aseptic loosening in extreme bone resections
Authors: Stevenson J. D. , Wigley C. , Burton H. , Ghezelayagh S. , Morris G. , Evans S. , Parry M. , Jeys L. 
Published: December 2017

AimsFollowing the resection of an extensive amount of bone in the treatment of a tumour, the residual segment may be insufficient to accept a standard length intramedullary cemented stem. Short-stemmed endoprostheses conceivably have an increased risk of aseptic loosening. Extra-cortical plates have been added to minimise this risk by supplementing fixation. The aim of this study was to investigate the survivorship of short-stemmed endoprostheses and extra-cortical plates.Patients and MethodsThe study involved 37 patients who underwent limb salvage surgery for a primary neoplasm of bone between 1998 and 2013. Endoprosthetic replacement involved the proximal humerus in nine, the proximal femur in nine, the distal femur in 13 and the proximal tibia in six patients. There were 12 primary (32%) and 25 revision procedures (68%). Implant survivorship was compared with matched controls. The amount of bone that was resected was > 70% of its length and statistically greater than the standard control group at each anatomical site.ResultsThe mean follow-up was seven years (one to 17). The mean length of the stem was 33 mm (20 to 60) in the humerus and 79 mm (34 to 100) in the lower limb. Kaplan-Meier analysis of survival of the implant according to anatomical site confirmed that there was no statistically significant difference between the short-stemmed endoprostheses and the standard stemmed controls at the proximal humeral (p = 0.84), proximal femoral (p = 0.57), distal femoral (p = 0.21) and proximal tibial (p = 0.61) sites. In the short-stemmed group, no implants with extra-cortical plate osseointegration suffered loosening at a mean of 8.5 years (range 2 to 16 years). Three of ten (30%) without osseointegration suffered aseptic loosening at a mean of 7.7 years (range 2 to 11.5 years).ConclusionWhen extensive resections of bone are required in the surgical management of tumours, and in revision cases, the addition of extra-cortical plates to short medullary stems has shown non-inferiority to standard length medullary stems and minimises aseptic failure. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1689–95.
Ten-year follow-up study of three alternative bearing surfaces used in total hip arthroplasty in young patients
Authors: Atrey A. , Ward S. E. , Khoshbin A. , Hussain N. , Bogoch E. , Schemitsch E. H. , Waddell J. P. 
Published: December 2017

AimsWe present the ten-year data of a cohort of patients, aged between 18 and 65 years (mean age 52.7 years; 19 to 64), who underwent total hip arthroplasty. Patients were randomised to be treated with a cobalt-chrome (CoCr) femoral head with an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), highly cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) or ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearing surface.Patients and MethodsA total of 102 hips (91 patients) were randomised into the three groups. At ten years, 97 hips were available for radiological and functional follow-up. Two hips (two patients) had been revised (one with deep infection and one for periprosthetic fracture) and three were lost to follow-up. Radiological analysis was performed using a validated digital assessment programme to give linear, directional and volumetric wear of the two polyethylene groups.ResultsThere was a significantly reduced rate of steady-state linear wear with XLPE (0.07 mm/yr) compared with UHMWPE (0.37 mm/yr) (p = 0.001). Volumetric wear was also significantly reduced in the XLPE group (29.29 mm3/yr) compared with the UHMWPE group (100.75mm3/yr) (p = 0.0001). There were six patients with UHMWPE who had non-progressive osteolysis and none in the XLPE group. All three bearing groups had significant improvements in 12-item short form health survey scores, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score and Harris Hip Score. However, the improvement in HSS was significantly less in the UHMWPE group (p = 0.0188) than in the other two groups. At ten years, the rates of volumetric and linear wear in the XLPE group remain low and predominantly below the estimated threshold for osteolysis (1 mm/yr). The rate of linear wear in the XLPE group was three times less than in the UHMWPE group at five-year follow-up and five times less at ten years. The rate of volumetric wear was also three times less in the XLPE group at ten years.ConclusionWhile CoC also performs well, XLPE at ten years remains a safe and excellent bearing option in young patients, with low rates of wear and no evidence of osteolysis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1590–5.
Do higher-volume hospitals provide better value in revision hip and knee arthroplasty?
Authors: Frisch N. B. , Courtney P. M. , Darrith B. , Della Valle C. J. 
Published: December 2017

Aims The purpose of this study is to determine if higher volume hospitals have lower costs in revision hip and knee arthroplasty. Materials and Methods We questioned the Centres for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Inpatient Charge Data and identified 789 hospitals performing a total of 29 580 revision arthroplasties in 2014. Centres were dichotomised into high-volume (performing over 50 revision cases per year) and low-volume. Mean total hospital-specific charges and inpatient payments were obtained from the database and stratified based on Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) codes. Patient satisfaction scores were obtained from the multiyear CMS Hospital Compare database. Results High-volume hospitals comprised 178 (30%) of the total but performed 15 068 (51%) of all revision cases, including 509 of 522 (98%) of the most complex DRG 466 cases. While high-volume hospitals had higher Medicare inpatient payments for DRG 467 ($21 458 versus $20 632, p = 0.038) and DRG 468 ($17 003 versus $16 120, p = 0.011), there was no difference in hospital specific charges between the groups. Higher-volume facilities had a better CMS hospital star rating (3.63 versus 3.35, p < 0.001). When controlling for hospital geographic and demographic factors, high-volume revision hospitals are less likely to be in the upper quartile of inpatient Medicare costs for DRG 467 (odds ratio (OR) 0.593, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.374 to 0.941, p = 0.026) and DRG 468 (OR 0.451, 95% CI 0.297 to 0.687, p < 0.001). Conclusion While a high-volume hospital is less likely to be a high cost outlier, the higher mean Medicare reimbursements at these facilities may be due to increased case complexity. Further study should focus on measures for cost savings in revision total joint arthroplasties. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1611–17.
The myths of ‘big data’ in health care
Authors: Jacofsky D. J. 
Published: December 2017

‘Big data’ is a term for data sets that are so large or complex that traditional data processing applications are inadequate. Billions of dollars have been spent on attempts to build predictive tools from large sets of poorly controlled healthcare metadata. Companies often sell reports at a physician or facility level based on various flawed data sources, and comparative websites of ‘publicly reported data’ purport to educate the public. Physicians should be aware of concerns and pitfalls seen in such data definitions, data clarity, data relevance, data sources and data cleaning when evaluating analytic reports from metadata in health care. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1571–6.
Comparing the public sphere in social networking services during a period of political upheaval: The three news channels’ Facebook accounts in the 2016 South Korean Presidential scandal
Authors: Song Dong Hyun , Son Chang Yong 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article examines the role of the social network services (SNSs) in constructing an online public sphere during a period of political upheaval. From October 2016 to March 2017, Korean politics was scandalized by former President Park Geun-hye’s legal malfeasance. It was revealed in October 2016 that she had shared classified documents with her friend, Ms Choi Soon-Sil, who had used her relationship with the president for her own political gain. The public demanded the president’s resignation, and the SNSs such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube played a significant role in delivering information about Park Geun-hye’s corruption. The article investigates the social networking sites’ roles in forming an online public sphere. It focuses its attention on the three South Korean television news channels’ Joongang Tongyang Broadcasting Company (JTBC), the Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) and the Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) Facebook accounts. The article contends that only the JTBC provided a significant platform for online critical engagement during the scandal compared with MBC and KBS.
Online radicalization and social media: A case study of Daesh
Authors: Kadivar Jamileh 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The importance of the Internet and social media in politics has been demonstrated in previous years, when terms such as ‘Twitter revolution’ and ‘Facebook revolution’ were used repeatedly for several movements, and now new terms such as ‘digital threat’ and ‘digital Jihad’ are being used by many in similar fashion. In the age of the Internet, the advantages often associated with the democratizing effect of the Internet are creating an atmosphere for different users, such as Daesh. Global propaganda is an important part of Daesh’s activities, and radicalization is one of the realities of our era. Although the impact of the Internet and social media on processes of people’s radicalization remains a highly contested subject and has been one of the most controversial topics during the last decade, the main question is whether the Internet is the main factor in the radicalization of civilians, considering that some politicians and pundits have been discussing this issue over the past few years, or it is more of a communication tool, facilitator and catalyst, pushing people towards radicalization. In this article, I discuss two different approaches to the relationship between technology (online activities in different platforms) and radicalization. This article is part of an ongoing research project.