bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The meanings of perspectival verbs and their implications on the taxonomy of projective content/conventional implicature
Authors: Oshima David Yoshikazu 
Published: November 2016

This work discusses the presuppositional meanings of three kinds of perspectival (perspective-sensitive) verbs: (i) motion-deictic verbs, (ii) empathy-loaded verbs, and (iii) referent-honorific verbs, and their implications on the taxonomy of "projective content", which subsumes but is not limited to presupposition. Building on Tonhauser, Beaver, Roberts & Simons's (2013; "Toward a taxonomy of projective content", Language 89) four-way classification of projective content, I propose a more fine-grained, six-way classification that distinguishes "global-context oriented" content, which obligatorily projects through a "filter" operator such as a belief predicate, and "ambioriented" content, which optionally does so. I also develop a "pseudo-multidimensional" representation of natural language meaning, where (i) proffered content, (ii) nonpresuppositional projective content, and (iii) presuppositional projective content have distinct roles in the sentence meaning, while anaphoric interaction across them is nevertheless possible.
A conservative theory of gradable modality
Authors: Pasternak Robert 
Published: November 2016

In the tradition of modal semantics stemming from the work of Kratzer (1981, 1991), several attempts have been made to analyze adjectives like important, which are both modal and gradable. I show that existing theories of such gradable modal adjectives (GMAs) in this framework do not allow for comparisons across distinct sets or prioritizations of premises, as the basis for comparison in these theories is too closely wedded to the particular choice and ranking of priorities. To fix this, I include modal degrees in the ontology, with sets of premises being relativized to those degrees. What results is a theory that allows comparison across sets of priorities, while still retaining the premise-based world ordering and quantification that lies at the heart of Kratzer’s approach. This theory is then extended to account for existentially-quantifying GMAs like permissible, as well as entailment relations between modal auxiliaries and GMAs.
COOL SUBDWARF INVESTIGATIONS. III. DYNAMICAL MASSES OF LOW-METALLICITY SUBDWARFS
Authors: Jao Wei-Chun 饒惟君 , Nelan Edmund P. , Henry Todd J. , Franz Otto G. , Wasserman Lawrence H. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We report dynamical mass measurements for the components of the previously known double-lined spectroscopic subdwarfs G 006-026 B and C using the Fine Guidance Sensors on the Hubble Space Telescope. To build the empirical mass–luminosity relation for low-metallicity subdwarfs, we collect four other subdwarf systems with dynamical masses that we compare to theoretical models for various metallicities on the mass–luminosity relation. For most stars, they fall in the regions where the models predict them to be low metallicity. This effort highlights the scarcity of dynamical masses for subdwarfs, and that much work remains to be done to improve the mass errors and metallicity measurements of low-mass subdwarfs in our Galaxy.
THE NuSTAR X-RAY SPECTRUM OF HERCULES X-1: A RADIATION-DOMINATED RADIATIVE SHOCK
Authors: Wolff Michael T. , Becker Peter A. , Gottlieb Amy M. , Fürst Felix , Hemphill Paul B. , Marcu-Cheatham Diana M. , Pottschmidt Katja , Schwarm Fritz-Walter , Wilms Jörn , Wood Kent S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We report on new spectral modeling of the accreting X-ray pulsar Hercules X-1. Our radiation-dominated radiative shock model is an implementation of the analytic work of Becker & Wolff on Comptonized accretion flows onto magnetic neutron stars. We obtain a good fit to the spin-phase-averaged 4–78 keV X-ray spectrum observed by the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array during a main-on phase of the Her X-1 35 day accretion disk precession period. This model allows us to estimate the accretion rate, the Comptonizing temperature of the radiating plasma, the radius of the magnetic polar cap, and the average scattering opacity parameters in the accretion column. This is in contrast to previous phenomenological models that characterized the shape of the X-ray spectrum, but could not determine the physical parameters of the accretion flow. We describe the spectral fitting details and discuss the interpretation of the accretion flow physical parameters.
Le droit colonial au gré de la mondialisation. Un ordre sous surveillance
Authors: Durand Bernard 
Published: November 2016

Une Allemagne qui, alors que la France colonise, l’assure de sa « neutralité bienveillante », une Angleterre qui s’effraie des formidables progrès de la marine allemande, présente sur toutes les mers du globe et à la recherche de points d’appui pour l’acquisition de territoires, un Japon qui colonise « son lac » et trouve intolérable les extensions russes, françaises, britanniques qui menacent sa façade ouest… L’international s’impose à un ordre colonial qui défie le droit, le confronte aux regards et aux exigences des concurrents, l’interroge sur sa capacité à l’imposer aux populations « colonisées » et, finalement, l’amène à entrevoir d’autres finalités pour la colonisation elle-même !
Le Conseil du contentieux administratif de la Guyane au tournant du xx e siècle
Authors: Bauzerand Christian 
Published: November 2016

Le 1 er septembre 2011, le tribunal administratif de Cayenne est devenu une juridiction administrative totalement autonome. Auparavant, le tribunal administratif de Cayenne était en réalité l’une des trois composantes du tribunal administratif des Antilles-Guyane. Les magistrats qui le composaient siégeaient, en tant que besoin, en Guadeloupe, à la Martinique ou en Guyane. Ce n’est qu’en 1881 que le Conseil du contentieux administratif devient une véritable juridiction : il acquiert son autonomie par rapport au gouverneur, ses audiences deviennent publiques. Son contentieux présentera des résonances ainsi que des compétences particulières nombreuses. Les Conseils du contentieux forment aux colonies « des tribunaux administratifs de droit commun » avant la lettre.
Identification of an Activating Chicken Ig-like Receptor Recognizing Avian Influenza Viruses
Authors: Jansen Christine A. , van Haarlem Daphne A. , Sperling Beatrice , van Kooten Peter J. , de Vries Erik , Viertlboeck Birgit C. , Vervelde Lonneke , Göbel Thomas W. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Chicken Ig-like receptors (CHIRs) represent a multigene family encoded by the leukocyte receptor complex that encodes a variety of receptors that are subdivided into activating CHIR-A, inhibitory CHIR-B, and bifunctional CHIR-AB. Apart from CHIR-AB, which functions as an Fc receptor, CHIR ligands are unknown. In the current study, we used a panel of different BWZ.36 CHIR reporter cells to identify an interaction between specific CHIRs and avian influenza virus (AIV). The specificity of the CHIR–AIV interaction was further demonstrated using CHIR fusion proteins that bound to AIV-coated plates and were able to reduce the interaction of reporter cells with AIV. There was no difference in binding of CHIR to different AIV strains. Furthermore, CHIR fusion proteins reduced AIV-induced in vitro activation of NK cells obtained from lungs of AIV-infected animals, as judged by the lower frequency of CD107+ cells. Because the original CHIR reporter lines were generated based on sequence information about extracellular CHIR domains, we next identified a full-length CHIR that displayed similar binding to AIV. The sequence analysis identified this CHIR as a CHIR-A. Neuraminidase treatment of coated CHIR–human Ig proteins reduced binding of trimeric H5 proteins to CHIR. This suggests that the interaction is dependent on sialic acid moieties on the receptor. In conclusion, this article identifies AIV as a ligand of CHIR-A and describes the functional consequences of this interaction.
Toxic effect of khat (Catha edulis) on memory: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Berihu Birhane Alem , Asfeha Gebrekidan Gebregzabher , Welderufael Abadi Leul , Debeb Yared Godefa , Zelelow Yibrah Berhe , Beyene Hafte Assefa 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTBackground: People use khat (Catha edulis) for its pleasant stimulant effect of physical activity, consciousness, motor, and mental functions. Although there are reports assessing the effect of khat on memory, there was no study based on formal systematic review and meta-analysis. Objective: We have therefore conducted this meta-analysis to determine the level of evidence for the effect of khat (C. edulis Forsk) on memory discrepancy. Methods: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Academic Search Complete, SPORTDiscus, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to retrieve the papers for this review. Keywords utilized across database search were khat, cat, chat, long-term memory, short-term memory, memory deficit, randomized control trial, and cross-sectional survey. The search was limited to studies in humans and rodents; published in English language. Result: Finding of various studies included in our meta-analysis showed that the effect of acute, and subchronic exposure to khat showed that short-term memory appears to be affected depending on the duration of exposure. However, does not have any effect on long-term memory. Conclusion: Although a number of studies regarding the current topic are limited, the evidenced showed that khat (C. edulis) induced memory discrepancy.
Bilateral ptosis without upward gaze palsy: Unusual presentation of midbrain tuberculoma
Authors: Sarkar Shatanik , Patra Chaitali , Dasgupta Malay Kumar 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTCentral nervous system tuberculoma can have variable presentations depending on the site and number of tuberculomas. We are reporting a rare case of an 11-year-old male child presenting with ptosis and ataxia. Clinical examination revealed bilateral partial 3rd cranial nerve palsy (ptosis without any upward gaze palsy) associated with dysdiadochokinesia and ataxia on the right side. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a single ring-enhancing lesion in the dorsal midbrain with perifocal edema. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy provided the etiological information as tuberculoma.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings of isolated abducent nerve palsy induced by vascular compression of vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia
Authors: Arishima Hidetaka , Kikuta Ken-ichiro 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIf the origin of isolated abducent nerve palsy cannot be found on neuroradiological examinations, diabetes mellitus is known as a probable cause; however, some cases show no potential causes of isolated abducent nerve palsy. Here, we report a 74-year-old male who suffered from diplopia due to isolated left abducent nerve palsy. Magnetic resonance angiography and fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition imaging clearly showed a dolichoectasic vertebrobasilar artery compressing the left abducent nerve upward and outward. There were no abnormal lesions in the brain stem, cavernous sinus, or orbital cavity. Laboratory data showed no abnormal findings. We concluded that neurovascular compression of the left abducent nerve might cause isolated left abducent nerve palsy. We observed him without surgical treatment considering his general condition with angina pectoris and old age. His symptom due to the left abducent nerve palsy persisted. From previous reports, conservative treatment could not improve abducent nerve palsy. Microvascular decompression should be considered for abducent nerve palsy due to vascular compression if patients are young, and their general condition is good. We also discuss interesting characteristics with a review of the literature.
Motor cognitive processing speed estimation among the primary schoolchildren by deriving prediction formula: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Aranha Vencita Priyanka , Moitra Monika , Saxena Shikha , Narkeesh Kanimozhi , Arumugam Narkeesh , Samuel Asir John 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives: Motor cognitive processing speed (MCPS) is often reported in terms of reaction time. In spite of being a significant indicator of function, behavior, and performance, MCPS is rarely used in clinics and schools to identify kids with slowed motor cognitive processing. The reason behind this is the lack of availability of convenient formula to estimate MCPS. Thereby, the aim of this study is to estimate the MCPS in the primary schoolchildren. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and four primary schoolchildren, aged 6–12 years, were recruited by the cluster sampling method for this cross-sectional study. MCPS was estimated by the ruler drop method (RDM). By this method, a metallic stainless steel ruler was suspended vertically such that 5 cm graduation of the lower was aligned between the web space of the child's hand, and the child was asked to catch the moving ruler as quickly as possible, once released from the examiner's hand. Distance the ruler traveled was recorded and converted into time, which is the MCPS. Multiple regression analysis of variables was performed to determine the influence of independent variables on MCPS. Results: Mean MCPS of the entire sample of 204 primary schoolchildren is 230.01 ms ± 26.5 standard deviation (95% confidence interval; 226.4–233.7 ms) that ranged from 162.9 to 321.6 ms. By stepwise regression analysis, we derived the regression equation, MCPS (ms) = 279.625–5.495 × age, with 41.3% (R = 0.413) predictability and 17.1% (R 2 = 0.171 and adjusted R 2 = 0.166) variability. Conclusion: MCPS prediction formula through RDM in the primary schoolchildren has been established.
Autonomic dysfunction: A comparative study of patients with Alzheimer’s and frontotemporal
dementia – A pilot study
Authors: Issac Thomas Gregor , Chandra Sadanandavalli Retnaswami , Gupta Neelesh , Rukmani Malligurki Raghurama , Deepika S. , Sathyaprabha T. N. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Introduction: In frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), central autonomic structures get affected early. An insight into autonomic functions in these patients is likely to be of diagnostic importance and thus help in prognosticating and also probably explain unexplained sudden death in some of these patients. Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify autonomic dysfunction prevailing in patients. Then, if there is dysfunction, is the pattern same or different in these two conditions. And if different it will serve as an additional biomarker for specific diagnosis. Patients and Methods: There were 25 patients and 25 controls and six patients and three controls in AD and FTD groups, respectively. The participants who were recruited were assessed for heart rate variability and conventional cardiac autonomic function testing. The parameters were analyzed using LabChart version 7 software and compared with control population using appropriate statistical methods using SPSS version 22 software. Results: The mean overall total power was low in the FTD group (P < 0.001), and there was significant reduction in the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals and root mean square of successive differences (P < 0.001) with elevated sympathovagal balance in the FTD group (P = 0.04). Patients with AD also showed sympathetic dominance, but there was in addition parasympathetic suppression unlike in the FTD group. Conclusion: This study reveals autonomic dysfunction in patients with FTD and AD. Both conditions show sympathetic dominance, probably consecutive to the involvement of central autonomic regulatory structures as a shared domain. It remains to be confirmed if these findings are the cause or effect of neurodegeneration and might open up newer territories of research based on the causal role of neurotransmitters in these regions and thus lead to novel therapeutic options such as yoga. The presence of parasympathetic suppression in AD in addition helps differentiate these two conditions.
Urodynamic profile in acute transverse myelitis patients: Its correlation with neurological outcome
Authors: Gupta Anupam , Kumar Sushruth Nagesh , Taly Arun B. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of this study was to observe urodynamic profile of acute transverse myelitis (ATM) patients and its correlation with neurological outcome. Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the neurorehabilitation unit of a tertiary university research hospital from July 2012 to June 2014. Forty-three patients (19 men) with ATM with bladder dysfunction, admitted in the rehabilitation unit, were included in this study. Urodynamic study (UDS) was performed in all the patients. Their neurological status was assessed using ASIA impairment scale and functional status was assessed using spinal cord independence measure. Bladder management was based on UDS findings. Results: In total, 17 patients had tetraplegia and 26 had paraplegia. Thirty-six patients (83.7%) had complaints of increased frequency and urgency of urine with 26 patients reported at least one episode of urge incontinence. Seven patients reported obstructive urinary complaints in the form of straining to void with 13 patients reported both urgency and straining to void and 3 also had stress incontinence. Thirty-seven (86.1%) patients had neurogenic overactive detrusor with or without sphincter dyssynergia and five patients had acontractile detrusor on UDS. No definitive pattern was observed between neurological status and bladder characteristics. All patients showed significant neurological and functional recovery with inpatient rehabilitation (P< 0.05 and P< 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The problem of neurogenic bladder dysfunction is integral to ATM. Bladder management in these patients should be based on UDS findings. Bladder characteristics have no definitive pattern consistent with the neurological status.
Corpus Callosum and Neglect Syndrome: Clinical Findings After Meningioma Removal and Anatomical Review
Authors: Gomes David , Fonseca Madalena , Garrotes Maria , Lima Maria Rita , Mendonça Marta , Pereira Mariana , Lourenço Miguel , Oliveira Edson , Lavrador José Pedro 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTTwo types of neglect are described: hemispatial and motivational neglect syndromes. Neglect syndrome is a neurophysiologic condition characterized by a malfunction in one hemisphere of the brain, resulting in contralateral hemispatial neglect in the absence of sensory loss and the right parietal lobe lesion being the most common anatomical site leading to it. In motivational neglect, the less emotional input is considered from the neglected side where anterior cingulate cortex harbors the most frequent lesions. Nevertheless, there are reports of injuries in the corpus callosum (CC) causing hemispatial neglect syndrome, particularly located in the splenium. It is essential for a neurosurgeon to recognize this clinical syndrome as it can be either a primary manifestation of neurosurgical pathology (tumor, vascular lesion) or as a postoperative iatrogenic clinical finding. The authors report a postoperative hemispatial neglect syndrome after a falcotentorial meningioma removal that recovered 10 months after surgery and performs a clinical, anatomical, and histological review centered in CC as key agent in neglect syndrome.
Knock and Drill Technique: A Simple Tips for the Instrumentation in Complex Craniovertebral Junction Anomalies without using Fluoroscopy
Authors: Srivastava Arun , Sardhara Jayesh , Behari Sanjay , Pavaman Sindgikar , Joseph Jeena , Das Kuntal , Mehrotra Anant , Jaiswal Awadhesh K. , Bhaishora Kamlesh 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Context: Existence of complex variable bony and vertebral artery (VA) anomalies at craniovertebral junction (CVJ) in subset of complex CVJ anomalies demands individualized instrumentation policy and placing screws in each bone requires strategic preoperative planning and intraoperative skills. Aim: To evaluate the clinical accuracy of knock and drill (K and D) technique for the screw placement in complex CVJ anomalies. Settings and Design: Prospective study and operative technical note. Materials and Methods: Totally 36 consecutive patients (16 - pediatrics, 20 - adult patients) of complex CVJ: Complete/partial occipitalized C1 vertebra; at least one hypoplastic (C1/C2) articular mass, rotational component, and variations in the third part of VA were included in this study. Preoperative detail computed tomography (CT) CT CVJ with three-dimensional reconstruction was done for the assessment of CVJ anatomy and facet joint orientation. The accuracy of novel technique was assessed with postoperative CT to evaluate cortical breach in between 5th and 7th postoperative day in all the patients. All patients were underwent clinico-radiological evaluation at 6-month follow-up. Results: Totally 144 screws were placed using K and D technique (pediatric group - 64 screws, adult patients - 80 screws). Total of 12 screws were placed in C1 lateral mass in both age group without any bony cortical breach and complication. Sixteen C2 pedicle screws and 12 C2 pars screw in pediatrics and 18 C2 pedicle screws in adult patients were placed without any bony breach or VA injury. Out of thirty subaxial lateral mass screws in pediatric group, the bony breach was encountered with one screw (3.3%). Total of 38 C2 pars screws was placed in adult group in which bony breach along with VA injury was encounter with 1screw (2.6%). Conclusion: A simple technique of K and D for placing a screw increases the accuracy and spectrum of bony purchase and has the potential to reduce the complication in patients with complex CVJ anomalies.
Effect of the glycogen synthase 1 (&lt;i&gt;GYS1)&lt;/i&gt; mutation on performance traits in 169 Noriker draft horse stallions – a retrospective study
Authors: Druml Thomas , Grilz-Seger Gertrud , Brem Gottfried 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) mutation on performance traits in Noriker draft horse stallions. Individual scores of 32 performance traits and the final performance score were obtained from 169 stallions that took part in the standardized stationary 30-day performance test throughout the years 2002 to 2014. In 2014 the stallions have been genotyped for the GYS1 mutation resulting in 105 non-mutation-carriers, 57 heterozygous, and 7 homozygous animals. The mean frequency of animals carrying the mutation was 38 % (64 of 169). The final performance score and 32 single performance traits were analyzed using a linear model including the GYS1 mutation genotype, the testing year and age as fixed effects. For the final performance score no effect of the GYS1 mutation was found. In three single traits – driving ability, drafting manner, and kindness in the discipline heavy-load lodging – significantly lower scores for heterozygous horses than for non-carrier animals were obtained. Homozygous animals did not differ significantly from both groups. Our results from this retrospective study suggest no effect of the GYS1 mutation on performance traits and on the final performance score.