bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergism of lithium acetate salt toward surface chemistry and physical properties of carboxymethyl chitosan‐based solid polymer electrolyte
Authors: Ndruru Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo , Pramono Edi , Salsabilla Qotrunadda Ayu , Darmawan Dhea Afrisa , Annas Dicky , Aspiyanto Aspiyanto , Nugroho Robertus Wahyu N. , Arcana I Made 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSolid polymer electrolyte (SPE) nowadays becomes the key enablers in building structural framework of better electrolytes for all‐solid‐sate lithium‐ion batteries (ASS LIBs). A main question remains how to wisely improve the conductivity of polysaccharides, thus promoting today's transition from fossil fuels to green energy. Herein, development of conductive carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) complex involving the synergistic impact of lithium acetate (LiCH3COO) is proposed. Changes in the surface chemistry of CMCh appear, suggesting a successful functionalization to this chitosan derivative in the presence of LiCH3COO. Following this, SPE containing 20 wt% lithium acetate optimally demonstrates the highest ionic conductivity equivalent to 5.37 × 10−3 S. cm−1. However, salt‐added CMCh has a crystallinity index (Cr.I) of 64.57% and a tensile strength of 4.74 MPa, which is lower than the neat CMCh SPE membrane. The success loading of lithium acetate also results in a rougher surface of CMCh membrane than of its reference. Further, salt‐incorporated CMCh membrane exhibits a reduction in the thermal stability. In addition, eventually, these presented findings underpin potential application of this chitosan derivative for future ASS LIBs.
F116I mutation in CYP9A25 associated with resistance to emamectin benzoate in Spodoptera litura
Authors: Shi Yu , Su Ting , Yu Zhifeng , Mei Wenjuan , Wu Yidong , Yang Yihua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe F116V mutation in the substrate recognition site 1 (SRS1) of Spodoptera exigua CYP9A186 has been demonstrated to confer ~200‐fold resistance to emamectin benzoate (EB). In this study, a novel mutation (F116I) in CYP9A25, orthologous to CYP9A186, was detected in a field population of Spodoptera litura (YJ22) collected from Yuanjiang, Yunnan province, China in 2022. The association of this mutation with EB resistance was investigated.RESULTSTwo homozygous strains, YJ22‐116F (wild‐type at 116 position of CYP9A25) and YJ22‐116I (mutant) were isolated from YJ22 through two rounds of crossing and DNA genotyping. Compared with YJ22‐116F, the mutant strain YJ22‐116I exhibited 31.8‐fold resistance to EB. Resistance in YJ22‐116I was shown to be incompletely dominant, and genetically linked with the F116I mutation. Further, heterologous expression and in vitro metabolism assays confirmed that the recombinant CYP9A25 protein with 116I mutation obtained metabolic capability against EB, whereas the wild‐type CYP9A25 protein (with 116F) did not metabolize EB. Molecular modeling showed that the F116I mutation within SRS1 reduces the steric hindrance to substrate entry and improves ligand‐binding interactions.CONCLUSIONThe causal association between the F116I mutation in CYP9A25 and medium‐level EB resistance in S. litura has been verified. This finding is critical for the field monitoring of such mutations and thus for developing adaptive resistance management tactics for field populations of S. litura. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Side effects of semi‐synthetic insecticide spinetoram on the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa
Authors: Drobnjaković Tanja , Prijović Mirjana , Dervišević Marina , Brkić Dragica , Ricupero Michele , Marčić Dejan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsecticide risk assessment for biological control agents is essential for implementing integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Spinetoram is a naturally derived insecticide used to control a variety of agricultural sap‐sucking insect pests, and Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) plays a key role in the biocontrol of greenhouse whiteflies. Despite its presumed safe ecotoxicological profile, the side effects of spinetoram on E. formosa are partially unknown, especially at sublethal doses. In the laboratory, we estimated the lethal concentrations (LC) of spinetoram on E. formosa by topical exposure of pupae and 48 h residual contact exposure of emerged adults. Afterwards, we assessed the impact of spinetoram LCs on the life history traits (juvenile development, adult longevity, parasitism, adult emergence) and population growth parameter (the instantaneous rate of increase, ri) of the parasitoid.RESULTSProbit analysis allowed the estimation of LC10 = 0.10 mg/L, LC50 = 0.56 mg/L, and LC90 = 3.28 mg/L. Spinetoram at LC10 had no impact on the observed parameters of E. formosa. Conversely, spinetoram at LC50 and LC90 significantly reduced adult longevity by 19.2% and 40.6%, total parasitism by 33.4% and 38.7%, and total adult emergence by 29.6% and 39.1%, respectively. Also, the ri of E. formosa was significantly affected by spinetoram LC50 and LC90 with a reduction of 8.17 and 29.83%, respectively.CONCLUSIONOur results suggested that spinetoram significantly threatens the effectiveness of E. formosa when applied at the field recommended rate. However, further validation of spinetoram under greenhouse conditions is required for a comprehensive risk assessment for E. formosa in IPM programs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Shedding Light on the Future: Exploring Quantum Neural Networks through Optics
Authors: Yu Shang , Jia Zhian , Zhang Aonan , Mer Ewan , Li Zhenghao , Crescimanna Valerio , Chen Kuan‐Cheng , Patel Raj B. , Walmsley Ian A. , Kaszlikowski Dagomir 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAt the dynamic nexus of artificial intelligence and quantum technology, quantum neural networks (QNNs) play an important role as an emerging technology in the rapidly developing field of quantum machine learning. This development is set to revolutionize the applications of quantum computing. This article reviews the concept of QNNs and their physical realizations, particularly implementations based on quantum optics. The integration of quantum principles with classical neural network architectures is first examined to create QNNs. Some specific examples, such as the quantum perceptron, quantum convolutional neural networks, and quantum Boltzmann machines are discussed. Subsequently, the feasibility of implementing QNNs through photonics is analyzed. The key challenge here lies in achieving the required non‐linear gates, and measurement‐induced approaches, among others, seem promising. To unlock the computational potential of QNNs, addressing the challenge of scaling their complexity through quantum optics is crucial. Progress in controlling quantum states of light is continuously advancing the field. Additionally, it has been discovered that different QNN architectures can be unified through non‐Gaussian operations. This insight will aid in better understanding and developing more complex QNN circuits.
Pathways to climate neutrality: The role of structural change
Authors: Abubakar Attahir B. , Mamman Suleiman O. , Yusuf Abdulmalik M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe global economy continues to endure the adverse effects of climate change whose impact remains a threat multiplier that could impair the socioeconomic development of countries. This study examines the role of the changing structure of economies in the quest to achieve climate neutrality targets. To achieve this, the effect of structural change on environmental quality in the context of three major greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) is examined. The data of the top 20 polluting countries from 1990 to 2020 is analysed. Interestingly, the results suggest that structural change may not necessarily enhance attaining climate neutrality if more greenhouse gases are considered aside from carbon emissions. Further, an increase in affluence factors, energy‐intensive technologies and population limit the attainment of climate neutrality due to their stimulating effect on the emission of all three greenhouse gases. However, renewable energy adoption is found to enhance the attainment of climate neutrality. These findings have far‐reaching implications for policies aiming to achieve climate neutrality targets.
Decoding the Molecular Mechanism of Sweet Taste of Amino Acids by Their Intrinsic Properties and Interactions with Human Sweet Taste Receptor
Authors: Wang Ying , Tong Mingqiong , Cao Zanxia , Sun Zeyuan , Derkach Tetiana , Liu Bo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe molecular basis of sweet taste toward various amino acids has not been fully elucidated. In this study, by correlation of their sweetness intensities with molecular properties, it is revealed that hydrophobic or dispersion force between side chains and sweet taste receptor (Tas1R2/Tas1R3) plays a prominent role for eliciting sweetness. Furthermore, the interaction modes of 13 amino acids with receptor indicate that amino (AH) and carboxyl (B) glucophores of different amino acids interact with identical residues of receptor, while the hydrophobic side chains (X glucophores) conduct distinct topological orientations with receptor, determining their chirality selection and sweetness intensities. Molecular dynamics analysis shows that sweet d‐amino acids move toward the hydrophobic transmembrane domain during activation with more contact numbers with receptor than nonsweet l‐amino acids, providing a mechanistic elucidation of previous inconsistent sensory evaluation results of specific amino acids. Moreover, by comparison with the interactions of a dipeptide sweetener, aspartame with Tas1R2/Tas1R3 and nonsweet l‐glutamate with class C G protein‐coupled receptors, we conclude that a complementary interaction mode with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic contacts accounts for the molecular origin of their sweet taste, presenting in‐depth insights and valuable guidelines for further molecular designs or modifications of amino acids‐derived sweeteners.
Sustainable Extraction of Hydroxytyrosol from Olive Leaves Based on a Nature‐Inspired Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES)
Authors: Messa Francesco , Giotta Livia , Troisi Luigino , Perrone Serena , Salomone Antonio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWithin the circular economy framework, the valorisation of olive leaves as an effective source of organic compounds rather than an agricultural waste, represents a great opportunity. Olive leaves contain bioactive polyphenols, such as the health‐enhancing catechol hydroxytyrosol (HT), derived primarily from oleuropein. This study establishes a novel and sustainable approach for the extraction of HT from olive leaves, utilizing eco‐friendly deep eutectic solvents derived from natural sources (NADES). By optimizing the extraction process, the study highlights the efficacy of the eutectic mixture cholinium/glycerol (1:2 mol/mol) in achieving HT‐rich extracts from olive leaves (0.12 ± 0.03 g HT/g of dry extract). Indeed, the method demonstrates a remarkable yield of HT, reaching 12.3 ± 0.9 g/kg of leaf powder, under optimized conditions. The antioxidant properties of the extract are thoroughly assessed, suggesting its potential health benefits. Significantly, the study underscores the scalability of the extraction method, showcasing its viability for large‐scale production while maintaining excellent outcomes. Furthermore, the sustainability of the extraction method is boosted by the reuse of NADES across multiple extraction cycles, enhancing resource efficiency and reducing environmental impact. This research unlocks the potential of olive leaves as a valuable source of bioactive compounds and outlines a sustainable extraction approach aligning with the principles of the circular economy.
Effective Oxygen‐Deficient Li4Ti5O12 Anode Material Displaying Excellent Rate Performance and Outstanding Cyclic Stability
Authors: Pratheeksha P. M. , Sivakanali S. , Kashyap Shreyas J. , Chandra Gowthami , Joseph D. Paul , Vijay R. , Rao T. N. , Anandan S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrently, developing materials with high power capability is crucial to the rapid deployment of electric vehicles. The Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anode material with zero strain rate upon lithium insertion and extraction. The successful implementation of this anode material depends on strategies to overcome the low electronic and ionic conductivity. In this study, Li4Ti5O12 was synthesized using solid‐state approach in which different phases (anatase and rutile) of TiO2 as precursors were used. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman analysis confirmed the formation of oxygen vacancies with the existence of Ti3+ ions, which is believed to greatly enhance the electronic conductivity of Li4Ti5O12. The electrochemical performance revealed that the rutile TiO2 precursor concentration significantly affects the resultant Li4Ti5O12 capacity and power capability. The Li4Ti5O12 synthesized using 80% anatase and 20% rutile TiO2 (N2‐LTO) exhibits a specific capacity of 169, 145, 140, 133, 122, 101, and 84 mAh g−1 at 1C, 3C, 5C, 7C, 10C, 20C, and 30C. In addition, LFP||N2‐LTO pouch‐cell was fabricated which showed promising results with 95% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1C rate. The oxygen vacancies created due to the presence of Ti3+/Ti4+ mixed valances and reduced particle size for faster lithium‐ion diffusion significantly enhanced the overall electrochemical performance.
Hypervalent Iodine‐Mediated C3‐Trifluoropropionyloxylation of N‐Substituted Indoles
Authors: Tian Yao , Zhou Ming‐Xi , Wang Yue , Zeng Zi‐Pei , Guo Yu , Zhong Yuan , Zeng Yao‐Fu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA metal‐free hypervalent iodine‐mediated C3‐trifluoropropionyloxylation of N‐substituted indoles was developed. (Bis‐trifluoropropanoate)iodobenzene was used as both the oxidant and fluorine source. The reaction was sensitive to the N‐protecting groups of the indoles. N‐acylated indoles provided 3‐trifluoropropionyloxylated indoles, while 3‐trifluoropropionyloxylated oxindoles were generated from indoles bearing N‐alkyl groups.
Synthesis, Surface Chemistry, and Applications of Non‐Zero‐Dimensional Diamond Nanostructures
Authors: Li Changli , Jiang Xin , Yang Nianjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiamond nanomaterials are renowned for their exceptional properties, which include the inherent attributes of bulk diamond. Additionally, they exhibit unique characteristics at the nanoscale, including high specific surface areas, tunable surface structure, and excellent biocompatibility. These multifaceted attributes have piqued the interest of researchers globally, leading to an extensive exploration of various diamond nanostructures in a myriad of applications. This review focuses on non‐zero‐dimensional (non‐0D) diamond nanostructures including diamond films and extended diamond nanostructures, such as diamond nanowires, nanoplatelets, and diamond foams. It delves into the fabrication, modification, and diverse applications of non‐0D diamond nanostructures. This review begins with a concise review of the preparation methods for different types of diamond films and extended nanostructures, followed by an exploration of the intricacies of surface termination and the process of immobilizing target moieties of interest. It then transitions into an exploration of the applications of diamond films and extended nanostructures in the fields of biomedicine and electrochemistry. In the concluding section, this article provides a forward‐looking perspective on the current state and future directions of diamond films and extended nanostructures research, offering insights into the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in this exciting field.
Janus‐Structured Microgel Barrier with Tissue Adhesive and Hemostatic Characteristics for Efficient Prevention of Postoperative Adhesion
Authors: Ding Zichuan , Liang Zhimin , Rong Xiao , Fu Xiaoxue , Fan Jiaxuan , Lai Yahao , Cai Yongrui , Huang Chao , Li Lingli , Tang Guosheng , Luo Zeyu , Zhou Zongke 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPostoperative adhesion (POA) is a common and serious complication following various types of surgery. Current physical barriers either have a short residence time at the surgical site with a low tissue attachment capacity or are prone to undesired adhesion formation owing to the double‐sided adhesive property, which limits the POA prevention efficacy of the barriers. In this study, Janus‐structured microgels (Janus‐MGs) with asymmetric tissue adhesion capabilities are fabricated using a novel bio‐friendly gas‐shearing microfluidic platform. The anti‐adhesive side of Janus‐MGs, which consists of alginate, hyaluronic acid, and derivatives, endows the material with separation, lubrication, and adhesion prevention properties. The adhesive side provided Janus‐MGs with tissue attachment and retention capability through catechol‐based adhesion, thereby enhancing the in situ adhesion prevention effect. In addition, Janus‐MGs significantly reduced blood loss and shortened the hemostatic time in rats, further reducing adhesion formation. Three commonly used rat POA models with different tissue structures and motion patterns are established in this study, namely peritoneal adhesion, intrauterine adhesion, and peritendinous adhesion models, and the results showed that Janus‐MGs effectively prevented the occurrence of POA in all the models. The fabrication of Janus‐MGs offers a reliable strategy and a promising paradigm for preventing POA following diverse surgical procedures.
Controllable Synthesis of Hollow Dodecahedral Si@C Core–Shell Structures for Ultrastable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Yijun , Song Shanshan , He Fei , Kong Xianglong , Xiao Zhong , Cui Xianchang , Cao Linbo , Zhang Yumeng , Liu Zhiliang , Yang Piaoping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSilicon (Si) has attracted considerable attention as a promising alternative to graphite in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity and voltage. However, the durability and cycling stability of Si‐based composites have emerged as major obstacles to their widespread adoption as LIBs anode materials. To tackle these challenges, a hollow core–shell dodecahedra structure of a Si‐based composite (HD‐Si@C) is developed through a novel double‐layer in situ growth approach. This innovative design ensures that the nano‐sized Si particles are evenly distributed within a hollow carbon shell, effectively addressing issues like Si fragmentation, volume expansion, and detachment from the carbon layer during cycles. The HD‐Si@C composite demonstrates remarkable structural integrity as a LIBs anode, resulting in exceptional electrochemical performance and promising practical applications, as evidenced by tests in pouch‐type full cells. Notably, the composite shows outstanding cycling stability, retaining 85% of its initial capacity (713 mAh g−1) even after 3000 cycles at a high current rate of 5000 mA g−1. Additionally, the material achieves a gravimetric energy density of 369 W h kg−1, showcasing its potential for efficient energy storage solutions. This research signifies a significant step toward realizing the practical utilization of Si‐based materials in the next generation of LIBs.
Continuous Microreactor‐Based Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoparticles for Sensor Applications
Authors: Odenwald Christina , Niedner Lucas , Haberkorn Robert , Sauerwald Tilman , Brieger Oliver , Nadig Mike , Kickelbick Guido 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTin oxide nanoparticles are well‐established materials with a wide range of applications, including optoelectronic devices and solid‐state gas sensors. Conventional synthesis methods of these systems are often based on batch processes. In this study, we compare batch and continuous synthesis methods for tin dioxide nanoparticles using precipitation and sol‐gel processes. For the continuous processes we applied the so called microjet reactor method. The nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, elemental analysis and XRD and exhibited particle sizes of 1.7–3.0 nm and crystallite sizes of 1.7–2.3 nm, consisting of tetragonal (P42/mnm) and orthorhombic (Pbcn) phases. We have evaluated different post‐synthesis purification methods to remove impurities such as chlorides and carbon‐hydrogen species. Each purification method exhibited unique advantages and side effects, providing insight into selecting the most appropriate method for specific applications. We also demonstrated the potential of these SnO2 nanoparticles as ethanol gas sensing materials and compared their performance with a commercial sensor.
Asymptotic modeling of the current flow system described by the p(x)$p(x)$‐Laplacian
Authors: Nakasato Jean Carlos , Pažanin Igor 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStarting from the ‐Laplace thermistor model, in this paper we rigorously derive the effective model describing the current flow in a thin domain. We assume that the exponent is constant by parts and exhibiting the oscillating interface. Depending on the parameter describing these oscillations, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the solution by using the adaptation of the periodic unfolding method. Our work is motivated by the industrial applications consisting of thin organic light‐emitting diodes.
Rethink Energy System Models to Support Interdisciplinary and Inclusive Just Transition Debates
Authors: Süsser Diana , McGookin Connor , McDowall Will , Lombardi Francesco , Braunreiter Lukas , Bouzarovski Stefan 
Published: September 2024

Policy HighlightsTo achieve the recommendation stated in the chapter title, we propose the following:

Policymakers should demand more open and inclusive energy modelling processes to ensure that stakeholders can meaningfully contribute to the process.

Policymakers should recognise the critical role of the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) in complementing energy modelling to receive a more holistic viewpoint on just pathways to climate neutrality. Both Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and SSH research is needed to transform our energy system to a just, climate-neutral future.

Policymakers should establish cross- and transdisciplinary debates for incorporating more diverse voices into energy modelling.
Create a Co-learning Environment for Geothermal Energy Communities Across the European and African Unions
Authors: Büscher Chris , Wheeler Walter , Onyango Susan , Varet Jacques , Iannone Fabio , Annunziata Eleonora , Geraud Yves , Omenda Peter 
Published: September 2024

Policy HighlightsTo achieve the recommendation stated in the chapter title, we propose the following:

Enable and encourage Geothermal Energy Communities (GECs) in the European Union and African Union.

Acknowledge and embrace the potential of geothermal resources for energy communities.

Assess GECs’ feasibility using interdisciplinary and participatory approaches.

Investigate and address critical GEC issues, including financial obstacles and land politics.

Develop an enabling and social learning environment for GECs.

Ensure GEC projects are embedded in the community by using on-site transdisciplinary co-learning workshops that bring together Engineering, Social Scientists, and Geoscientists as well as community representatives and critical outsiders.