bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the hidden corporate social performance of Japanese firms
Authors: Suto Megumi , Takehara Hitoshi 
Published: June 2016

PurposeManagers sometimes hide their level of corporate social performance (CSP) from investors, intentionally or unintentionally. The purpose of this study is to estimate such “hidden CSP” of firms.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, it is assumed that Japanese public firms can be classified into two groups based on the difference in corporate social responsibility (CSR) awareness. Thus, the respondents to the CSR questionnaire survey are classified as the CSR-aware group, and the non-respondents are treated as the CSR-unaware group. It is further assumed that a significant relationship exists between CSP and a firm’s attributes, including financial performance and stock ownership. Under these assumptions, a model to estimate the CSP of non-respondents is constructed using the relationship between CSP and a firm’s observable attributes.FindingsThere is a significant latent gap between the CSP of respondents and the hidden CSP of non-respondents because of differences in firm size, foreign dependency of business and reputation and trust in the financial markets, rather than because of differences in financial performance. Insider-oriented ownership structures are negatively associated with CSP.Research limitations/implicationsThe estimation model developed in this study depends on a set of assumptions. In particular, a stable relationship between CSP and firm-specific variables, i.e. there is no structural change during the observation period, is assumed. Despite these limitations, this study extends the CSR research perspective, as it makes it possible to estimate the hidden CSP of public firms.Practical implicationsIn practice, the findings of this study surface a part of the missing CSR that investors need and that could alert non-respondent firms to the importance of CSR strategy and related disclosures to adapt to rapidly changing social and environmental business settings.Originality/valueThis study is the result of academic interest in examining the missing information related to CSR activities to obtain an overall picture of the CSP distribution of Japanese listed firms as a whole.
Linguistic perception of corporate responsibility disclosure: the case of Japanese Idemitsu
Authors: Hossein Rahdari Amir , Braendle Udo 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to examine a case to illustrate the linguistic perception of corporate responsibility disclosures.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, a content analysis framework based on fuzzy linguistic variables is proposed to measure the level of sustainable and responsible practices perceived by the stakeholders. A case is examined to illustrate the linguistic perception of corporate responsibility disclosures.

Findings
The results demonstrated a significant difference between Perception of Disclosure, using linguistic variables and most common sustainability indicators, and a Boolean analysis based on sustainability reporting indicators. The approach helps companies in developing a more robust stakeholder management program and to better respond to stakeholders’ demands.

Research limitations/implications
Future studies can evaluate corporate responsibility and sustainability performance using linguistic variables.

Practical implications
The approach helps companies to better respond to stakeholders’ demands.

Social implications
The approach helps companies in developing a more robust stakeholder management program and to better respond to stakeholders’ demands.

Originality/value
Most of the studies on corporate responsibility disclosure analysis have focused on a binary response to the level of disclosure of a certain economic, social, environmental or governance issue; however, how a disclosed item is being perceived by the user has not been taken into consideration.
The effect of employee CSR attitudes on job satisfaction and organizational commitment: evidence from the Bangladeshi banking industry
Authors: Rahman Shafiqur , Haski-Leventhal Debbie , Pournader Mehrdokht 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the relations between employee corporate social responsibility (CSR) attitudes on job satisfaction (JS) and organizational commitment (OC) in the context of Bangladeshi banks in the developing world. Specifically, it examines the relationship of CSR attitudes with the three diverse aspects of OC: affective OC, normative OC and continuance OC.Design/methodology/approachComparisons are made via survey data obtained from 502 employees of two banks in Bangladesh using structural equation modeling analysis. The research instrument in four sections illustrates the most common measures in the literature used to evaluate the constructs and their interrelations according to the proposed conceptual model of the study.FindingsThe outcomes of the study reveal that there is a positive relationship between employee CSR attitudes, and both JS and OC. In addition to establishing a relationship between CSR attitudes and “Affective OC”, this study also found a relationship with “Normative OC”, which is less common in the existing literature.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of the study mostly revolve around sample and social desirability. To further test the generalizability and cross-sectional validity of the outcomes, it is suggested that the proposed framework be tested in several other industrial/service sectors of developing countries.Practical implicationsThe findings of the present research encourage companies in the developing world to adopt CSR practices to increase rates of JS and OC.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature on CSR and positive workplace outcomes, specifically in the developing world context. Additionally, and unlike past research, the results show the significant effect of employee CSR attitudes on both affective OC and normative OC.
Molecular cloning of IgZ heavy chain isotype in Catla catla and comparative expression profile of IgZ and IgM following pathogenic infection
Authors: Patel Bhakti , Banerjee Rajanya , Basu Madhubanti , Lenka Saswati , Samanta Mrinal , Das Surajit 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTImmunoglobulins serve as a crucial arm of the adaptive immune system against detrimental pathogenic threats in teleosts. However, whether the novel Ig isotype IgZ is present in the Indian major carp, Catla catla, has not yet been elucidated. The present study reports the presence of IgZ ortholog in C. catla (CcIgZ) and further demonstrates its comparative tissue specific expression with IgM (CcIgM) in response to bacterial and parasitic stimulation. The putative 139 amino acid sequence of IgZ heavy chain cDNA of C. catla showed homology with IgZ constant domains of other teleosts. Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted IgZ transcript sequence clustered with previously identified IgZ heavy chain sequences of Cyprinidae family members. The inductive expression profiles of IgZ and IgM genes were evaluated in immunologically relevant tissues at 24, 48 and 72 hr post infection with Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus uberis and Argulus sp. Both CcIgZ and CcIgM were expressed most strongly in the kidneys of healthy fish. Basal expression of CcIgM transcript was higher than that of CcIgZ in all the examined tissues. Stimulation with bacteria triggered significant increase of IgZ in the intestine (P < 0.001) and spleen (P < 0.01), whereas IgM was relatively up‐regulated in blood (P < 0.001) after stimulation with each of the three pathogens assessed. The study is the first to report identification of IgZ in C. catla. Further, it provides insights into the differential expression profiles of IgZ and IgM isotypes against various pathogenic infection in C. catla, which may facilitate better prophylaxis again such infections.
The Comparative Economics of Catch‐up in Output per Worker, Total Factor Productivity and Technological Gain in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Ssozi John , Asongu Simplice A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUsing the two‐step system general method of moments panel data analysis we first investigate the effects of external financial flows on total factor productivity and technological gain, and then use the beta catch‐up and sigma convergence to compare dispersions in output per worker, total factor productivity and technological gain in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) for the years 1980–2010. The comparative evidence is articulated with income levels, years of schooling, and health factors. We find; first, a positive association between foreign direct investment, trade openness, foreign aid, remittances and total factor productivity. However, when foreign direct investment is interacted with schooling, its direct effect becomes negative on total factor productivity. Second, beta catch‐up is between 19.22 percent and 19.70 percent per annum with corresponding time to full catch‐up of 25.38 years and 26.01 years respectively. Third, we find sigma‐convergence among low‐income nations and upper‐middle income nations separately, but not for the entire sample together. Fourth, schooling in SSA is not yet a significant source of technology, but it can make external financial inflows more effective. Policies to induce external financial flows are not enough for development if absorptive capacity is low.
Juvenile Court and Contemporary Diversion
Authors: Mears Daniel P. , Kuch Joshua J. , Lindsey Andrea M. , Siennick Sonja E. , Pesta George B. , Greenwald Mark A. , Blomberg Thomas G. 
Published: June 2016

Research SummaryThe juvenile court was established to help children through the use of punishment and rehabilitation and, in so doing, “save” them from a life of crime and disadvantage. Diversion programs and policies emerged in the 1970s as one way to achieve this goal. Despite concerns about its potential harm, diversion became increasingly popular in subsequent decades. We examine the logic of a prominent contemporary diversion effort, civil citation, to illuminate tensions inherent to traditional and contemporary diversion. We then review extant evidence on traditional diversion efforts, examine civil citation laws, and identify the salience of both traditional and contemporary, police‐centered diversion efforts for youth and the juvenile court. The analysis highlights that diversion may help children but that it also may harm them. It highlights that the risk of net‐widening for the police and the court is considerable. And it highlights the importance of, and need for, research on the use and effects of diversion and the conditions under which it may produce benefits and avoid harms.Policy ImplicationsThis article recommends a more tempered embrace of diversion and a fuller embrace of research‐guided efforts to achieve the juvenile court's ideals. Diversion may be effective under certain conditions, but these conditions need to be identified and then met.
Mechanisms of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Loss from Pacific Saury and Comparison of Their Retention Rates after Various Cooking Methods
Authors: Cheung Lennie K. Y. , Tomita Haruo , Takemori Toshikazu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) contents of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira), a fatty fish and staple of the Japanese diet, have been reported to decrease after cooking. This study compared the DHA and EPA contents remaining in saury after grilling, pan‐frying or deep‐frying to center temperatures of 75, 85, or 95 °C, and examined physical loss, lipid oxidation, and thermal degradation as mechanisms of DHA and EPA loss. Temperature changes inside the saury were monitored using thermocouples, while DHA and EPA contents, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and measurements of lipid oxidation (that is, carbonyl value and thiobarbituric acid value) were determined chemically. Visualization of temperature distribution inside fish samples during cooking revealed large differences in heat transfer among cooking methods. True retention rates in grilled (DHA: 84 ± 15%; EPA: 87 ± 14%) and pan‐fried samples (DHA: 85 ± 16%; EPA: 77 ± 17%) were significantly higher than deep‐fried samples (DHA: 58 ± 17%; EPA: 51 ± 18%), but were not affected by final center temperatures despite differences in cooking times. Physical loss via cooking losses (grilling and pan‐frying) or migration into frying oil (deep‐frying) accounted for large quantities of DHA and EPA loss, while lipid oxidation and thermal degradation did not appear to be major mechanisms of loss. The antioxidant capacity of saury was not significantly affected by cooking treatments. The results of this study suggest that minimization of physical losses during cooking may increase DHA and EPA contents retained in cooked Pacific saury.
Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (sclerosing haemangioma): Radical radiation therapy
Authors: Fayers Russell WB , Lim Tee S , Havlat Marek F 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWe present a case of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) – (Formerly known as pulmonary sclerosing haemangioma) which was successfully treated with definitive radical external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). To our knowledge, such a treatment response has not been described in the literature.
Giant proliferating pilomatricoma; report of a rare entity
Authors: Grohs Robert L , Mesbah Ardakani Nima , Harvey Nathan T , Luczak Bernard P , Wood Benjamin A 
Published: June 2016

AbstractProliferating pilomatricoma is a benign tumour and a rare variant of pilomatricoma that has the potential for local recurrence if incompletely excised. We report a case of giant proliferating pilomatricoma on the forearm of a 66‐year‐old woman. This tumour was unusually large and the presence of ulceration and rapid growth raised clinical suspicion of malignancy. The identification of shadow or ghost cells is a good clue to matrical differentiation, which can be confirmed by β‐catenin immunostaining.
Simulation training in obstetrics and gynaecology: What's happening on the frontline?
Authors: Wilson Erin , Janssens Sarah , Hewett David G. , Jolly Brian , Beckmann Michael 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundDespite evidence supporting simulation training and awareness that trainee exposure to surgery is suboptimal, it is not known how simulation is being incorporated in obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) training across Australia and New Zealand.AimTo investigate the current availability and utilisation of simulation training, and the attitudes, perceived barriers and enablers towards simulation in Australia and New Zealand.MethodA survey was distributed to O&G trainees and fellows in Australia and New Zealand. The survey recorded demographic data, current exposure to simulation and beliefs about simulation training.ResultsThe survey returned 624 responses (24.3%). Most trainees had access to at least one type of simulation (87%). Access to simulators was higher for trainees at tertiary hospitals (92% vs 76%). Few trainees had a simulation curriculum, allocated time or supervision for simulation training. ‘Limited access’ was the highest rated barrier to using simulation. Lack of time, other training priorities and cost were identified as further barriers. More than 80% of respondents believed simulation improves surgical skills, skills transfer to the operating theatre, and the addition of simulation to the RANZCOG curriculum would benefit trainees. However, a minority of respondents believed simulator proficiency should be shown prior to performing surgery. The need for a curriculum and supervision were highlighted as necessary supports for simulation training.ConclusionsDespite simulator availability, few trainees are supported by simulation training curricula, allocated time or supervision. Participants believed that simulation training benefits trainees and should be supported with a curriculum and teaching.
Gestational hypertensive disease in twin pregnancy: Influence on outcomes in a large national prospective cohort
Authors: Hehir Mark P. , Breathnach Fionnuala M. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. , Geary Michael P. , Daly Sean , Higgins John , Hunter Alyson , Morrison John J. , Burke Gerard , Higgins Shane , Mahony Rhona , Dicker Patrick , Tully Elizabeth C. , Malone Fergal D. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveGestational hypertensive disease (GHD) is associated with pregnancy‐related complications and poor maternal and fetal outcomes in singleton pregnancies. We sought to examine the influence of GHD in a large prospective cohort of twin pregnancies.Study designThe ESPRIT study was a national multicenter observational cohort study of 1028 structurally normal twin pregnancies. Each pregnancy underwent sonographic surveillance with two‐week ultrasound from 24 weeks for dichorionic and from 16 weeks for monochorionic gestations. Characteristics and demographics as well as labour and delivery outcome data were prospectively recorded. Perinatal mortality, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and a composite of morbidity of respiratory distress syndrome, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotising enterocolitis and sepsis were documented for all cases. Outcomes for patients with documented GHD (pre‐eclampsia and gestational hypertension) were compared with those without GHD.ResultsPerinatal outcome data were recorded for 977 patients. Women with GHD had a higher body mass index (27.1 ± 6.4 vs 25.2 ± 4.5, P < 0.0001) than those without and were more likely to be nulliparous (65% (59/92) vs 46% (407/885), P = 0.001). Both groups had similar mean birthweights, but those with GHD were more likely to have a birthweight discordance ≥18% (35% (32/92) vs 20% (179/885), P = 0.001). Rates of caesarean delivery were higher in those twin pregnancies affected by GHD, and while the rate of composite morbidity was similar in both groups, twins in the GHD group had higher rates of NICU admission.ConclusionIn twin gestations, gestational hypertension independently confers an increased risk for emergency caesarean delivery, birthweight discordance and NICU admission, such that intensive maternal–fetal monitoring is justified when hypertension develops in a twin pregnancy.
Review article: the investigation and management of rectal neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Basuroy R. , Haji A. , Ramage J. K. , Quaglia A. , Srirajaskanthan R. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundRectal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are increasingly identified at endoscopy possibly as a result of bowel cancer screening programmes.AimTo present a review of the literature to aid clinicians in the diagnosis and management of rectal neuroendocrine tumours.MethodsA literature search was conducted through MEDLINE using search terms: rectal, rectum, carcinoid, NET, therapy, endoscopy, mucosal resection, submucosal dissection. Relevant articles were identified through manual review with reference lists reviewed for additional articles.ResultsThe incidence of rectal neuroendocrine tumours is approximately 1 per 100 000 population per year with the majority (80–90%) being <1 cm and localised to the submucosa. Metastatic disease is infrequent (<20%) with risk factors including size, atypical appearance, grade and depth of invasion. The primary resection modality influences complete resection rates and the need for secondary therapy. A thorough pre‐resection diagnostic work up is required for lesions that are at higher risk of invasion and metastasis. Device‐assisted endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection are used to resect localised rectal neuroendocrine tumours <2 cm. Transanal surgery is also used to resect localised 1–2 cm rectal neuroendocrine tumours. Oncological surgical resection is used for rectal neuroendocrine tumours that are >2 cm or with invasion and regional disease. The treatment of advanced disease is multimodal.ConclusionsThe long‐term tumour biology of small rectal neuroendocrine tumours remains unclear. There is uncertain impact from bowel cancer screening programmes on rectal neuroendocrine tumour incidence, morbidity and mortality. Referral to neuroendocrine tumour centres for patients with locally advanced disease or metastatic disease is recommended.
Updating neuropathology and neuropharmacology of monoaminergic systems
Authors: Ramsay Rona R , De Deurwaerdère Philippe , Di Giovanni Giuseppe 
Published: June 2016

Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Updating Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology of Monoaminergic Systems. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.13/issuetoc
Epidermal growth factor is a critical regulator of the cytokine IL‐33 in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Islam M S , Horiguchi K , Iino S , Kaji N , Mikawa S , Hori M , Ozaki H 
Published: June 2016

Background and PurposeIL‐33 is a novel cytokine that is believed to be involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. However, its source, its production and its secretion process remain unclear. Recently, we have reported that IL‐33 is up‐regulated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis in mice.Experimental ApproachProduction of IL‐33 from intestinal tissue was studied in a murine cancer model induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and DSS in vivo and in cultures of IEC‐6 epithelial cells. Cytokine levels were measured by real time PCR, immunohistochemistry and elisa.Key ResultsMice with AOM/DSS‐induced colitis expressed all the characteristic symptoms of colon cancer pathology. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated epithelial cell‐derived IL‐33 in colon tissues from mice with AOM/DSS colitis. Real time PCR and quantitative PCR analysis revealed that AOM/DSS colitis tissues expressed up‐regulated IL‐1β, IL‐33, TGF‐β, and EGF mRNA. Gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor, inhibited IL‐33 mRNA expression in AOM/DSS colitis mice. The pathophysiological role of IL‐33 in the rat intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC‐6 cells) was then investigated. We found that EGF, but not TGF‐β1 or PDGF, greatly enhanced mRNA expression of IL‐33 and its receptor ST2. In accordance with the gene expression and immunohistochemical analysis of IL‐33 levels, elisa‐based analysis of cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts showed increased IL‐33 protein levels in IEC‐6 cells after treatment with EGF.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results suggest that EGF is a key growth factor that increased IL‐33 production and ST2 receptor expression during intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. The EGF/IL‐33/ST2 axis represents a novel therapeutic target in colon cancer.
Origins of Secure Base Script Knowledge and the Developmental Construction of Attachment Representations
Authors: Waters Theodore E. A. , Ruiz Sarah K. , Roisman Glenn I. 
Published: June 2016

Increasing evidence suggests that attachment representations take at least two forms: a secure base script and an autobiographical narrative of childhood caregiving experiences. This study presents data from the first 26 years of the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (N = 169), examining the developmental origins of secure base script knowledge in a high‐risk sample and testing alternative models of the developmental sequencing of the construction of attachment representations. Results demonstrated that secure base script knowledge was predicted by observations of maternal sensitivity across childhood and adolescence. Furthermore, findings suggest that the construction of a secure base script supports the development of a coherent autobiographical representation of childhood attachment experiences with primary caregivers by early adulthood.