bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Interaction in Near-Field Spectroscopy of single Semiconductor Quantum Dots.
Authors: Mintairov A. M. , Blagnov P. A. , Kovalenkov O. V. , Li C. , Merz J. L. , Oktyabrsky S. , Tokranov V. , Vlasov A. S. , Vinokurov D. A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe have studied high-energy shifts of single quantum dot (QD) emission lines induced by contact pressure exerted by a near-field optical fiber tip. “Pressure” coefficients of 0.65-3 meV/nm have been measured for self-organized InAs/GaAs, InAs/AlAs and InP/GaInP QDs in agreement with numerical calculations of the local strain field. We found an increase of the tipinduced pressure with increasing aperture diameter from 50-300 nm. A correlation between the shift rate and QD stiffness was obtained. We also observed an order of magnitude increase of single QD emission intensity with increased pressure.
On the Origin of Light Emission in GaNxP1-x
Authors: Buyanova I. A. , Rudko G. Yu. , Chen W. M. , Xin H. P. , Tu C. W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTemperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) and absorption measurements are employed to clarify mechanism for light emission in GaNP alloys with low (< 4.1) nitrogen content. The PL emission in GaNP epilayers and GaNP/GaP multiple quantum well structures is shown to be dominated by optical transitions within deep states likely related to N clusters. With increasing N composition these states are shown to become resonant with conduction band of the alloy and thus optically inactive, leading to the apparent red shift of the PL maximum position. On the other hand, band-to-band recombination in the alloy remains predominantly non-radiative presumably due to the presence of a large number of competing recombination channels.
Structural and Optical Properties of InGaN/GaN Multi-Quantum Well Structures with Different Well Widths
Authors: KIM Young-Hoon , KIM Chang-Soo , NOH Sam-Kyu , LEEM Jae-Young , LIM Kee-Young , O Byung-Sung , Song Jay P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe structural and the optical properties of 10-period In0.15Ga0.85N/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) have been investigated using HRXRD (high-resolution X-ray diffraction) and PL (photoluminescence). For the samples, the barrier thickness was kept constant, 7.5 nm and the well thicknesses were varied, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 nm. For the structural characterization, an ω/2θ-scan and an ω-scan for GaN (00 2) reflection and a reciprocal space mapping (RSM) around the GaN (10 5) lattice point were employed. The average strain for the MQWs increased as the well thickness increased. The MQW with a 6.0 nm well thickness experienced lattice relaxation and the crystallinity of the sample was poor compared to that of the other samples. MQWs with well thicknesses of 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 nm, however, maintained lattice coherency with the GaN epilayers underneath, and the critical well thickness for lattice relaxation of the MQWs used in the study was 6.0 nm. The PL spectra showed that the relative emission intensity of the sample with a 6.0 nm well thickness was lower than for the others, a fact consistent with the X-ray results. The emission intensity, therefore, is considered to be affected by defects due to lattice relaxation of the epilayer.
Photoluminescence and Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Studies of Self-Assembled InAs Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhang X. H. , Dong J. R. , Chua S. J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL) spectra and time resolved PL from self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition are studied. A reduction in the emission linewidth with increasing temperature was observed at low temperature range and an increase in the linewidth at higher temperature. It was also observed that the variation of PL peak energy with temperature does not follow Varshni's equation. These anomalous behaviors of PL can be explained in term of thermal redistribution of carriers. It was also found that the PL decay time increases with photon wavelength, which is due to the carrier transfer between laterally coupled QDs.
Dynamic Response of Non-Pixeled Amorphous Silicon Based Image Sensors
Authors: Fernandes M. , Vygranenko Yu. , Vieira M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLarge area hydrogenated amorphous silicon p-i-n structures with low conductivity doped layers were proposed as single element image sensors. This work is focused on the analysis of the dynamic behavior of the sensor. Additionally some sensor parameters like maximum scanning speed, from which depends the maximum achievable frame rate are presented and discussed.In order to evaluate the sensor response to a time varying light excitation the sensor was locally illuminated with a focused chopped light source and the generated photocurrent was measured under different load conditions. Results show that the sensor is mainly capacitive and a signal rise time of approximately 100 νs was measured under a 1 kΩ load. A model for the sensor was created from the experimental data and was used to simulate the dynamic behavior of the sensor. The simulation results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental ones.As conclusion one can expect a trade off between the frame rate and the number of pixels. A frame rate higher than 10 fps was achieved for 100×100 pixels readout without a significant degradation in the image quality.
Hole-Assisted Lightguide Fiber - A Practical Derivative of Photonic Crystal Fiber
Authors: Hasegawa Takemi , Sasaoka Eisuke , Onishi Masashi , Nishimura Masayuki , Tsuji Yasuhide , Koshiba Masanori 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUsage of air holes in optical fibers has become a hot subject in fiber optics because of the possibilities for novel transmission properties. Although photonic crystal fibers based on photonic bandgap guidance are the most drastic innovation in this subject, optical fibers containing air holes but not having photonic crystal structures are also being intensively studied. Such air-silica microstructured fibers are more practical than the photonic bandgap fibers because the lack of photonic crystal structure makes the fabrication far easier. Even without the photonic bandgap, the microstructured fibers can exhibit valuable properties in terms of group velocity dispersion and nonlinearity, because the index contrast between air and silica is 10 or more times as large as that of the conventional optical fibers based on doped silica glasses. However, one of the major challenges for practical applications of the air-silica microstructured fibers has been their high transmission losses, which have been several tens to hundreds times higher than those of the conventional fibers. As a solution to this problem, we have proposed a more practical structure called hole-assisted lightguide fiber (HALF). In addition to the air holes for realizing novel optical properties, this structure has a material index profile for waveguiding, and hence is closer to the conventional fibers than the other microstructured fibers are. As a result, novel optical properties can be realized without severe degradation in transmission loss. In experiments, an anomalous group velocity dispersion as large as +35 ps/nm/km at 1550 nm wavelength, which would be unattainable in the conventional fibers, has been realized with a loss of 0.41 dB/km, which is comparable to those of the conventional fibers. Analyses of the losses of the fabricated HALFs suggest that the loss should be lowered by mitigating the effect of the drawing tension and minimizing the power fraction in the holes. It is also shown that the full-vector finite element method realizes accurate modeling of the properties such as dispersion and macrobend loss.
Morphologische Untersuchungen tiefreichender Klauenerkrankungen beim Rind
Authors: Müller Matthias , Maierl Johann , Gehringer Susanne 
Published: January 2017

ZusammenfassungZiel: Im Rahmen einer größeren Studie über morphologische Veränderungen bei tiefreichenden Klauenerkrankungen wurden Klauen mit kompliziertem Rusterholz’schem Sohlengeschwür (RSG) untersucht, um die vielfältigen pathologischen Veränderungen des RSG zu dokumentieren. Material und Methoden: Insgesamt wurden von 55 Rindern Hinterfüße mit erkennbaren Hinweisen auf komplizierte Klauenerkrankungen von außen, am Sagittalschnitt, an Mazerationspräparaten von Zehenknochen und teilweise anhand histologischer Schnitte beurteilt. Von 112 Zehen mit 120 tiefreichenden Klauenerkrankungen wiesen 59 Klauen ein kompliziertes RSG auf. Ergebnisse: Zu den häufigsten Befunden gehörte eine Fibrosierung des Ballenfettgewebes, teils mit Verknorpelung und/oder Verknöcherung. Osteomyelitiden am Tuberculum flexorium (TF) stellten sich am Mazerationspräparat als Osteolysen dar und waren in der Peripherie häufig von periostalen Knochenzubildungen begleitet. Bei hochgradig veränderten Klauen fanden sich Abrissfrakturen des TF. Eine Arthritis des Klauengelenks, oft einhergehend mit subchondraler Osteomyelitis, zeigte sich am Mazerationspräparat mit Osteolysen im Bereich der Synovialgruben und in der Peripherie der Gelenkflächen sowie mit periostalen Knochenzubildungen am Gelenkkapselansatz. Seltener bestanden entzündliche Veränderungen der Bursa podotrochlearis, der gemeinsamen Fesselbeugesehnenscheide und des Krongelenks. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die Fibrosierung bzw. Verknöcherung des Ballenfetts wird als Anpassung an unphysiologische Belastungsverhältnisse im Sinne einer Metaplasie bewertet. Bei der Ausbreitung des RSG dürfte das TF von zentraler Bedeutung sein. In fortgeschrittenen Fällen kann dort durch entzündlich bedingte Schwächung des Knochengewebes eine pathologische Fraktur mit „Ausriss“ der tiefen Beugesehne entstehen. Zur Infektion des Klauengelenks kann es sekundär im Anschluss an einen Sehnenausriss mit direkter Gelenkeröffnung kommen, doch dürfte die Fortleitung der Infektion über den Gelenkkapselansatz und den subchondralen Knochen in den Gelenkraum häufiger sein. Veränderungen der Bursa podotrochlearis, der gemeinsamen Fesselbeugesehnenscheide und des Krongelenks entstehen vermutlich erst im Gefolge einer Arthritis des Klauengelenks.
Rotational Advancement in Cleft Nose Rhinoplasty – Buccal Mucosal Grafts Serve as a Powerful Tool
Authors: Kehrer Andreas , Nijhuis Tim H.J. , Pesthy Pál , Willemsen Sten , Poublon René , van der Meulen Jacques J.J.N.M. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Our aim was to analyze our technique of a modified rotational advancement in conjunction with buccal mucosal grafts (BMGs) in a subgroup of severe cleft cases. Design: A retrospective clinical and photographic evaluation was conducted. Columella angle (CA) and tip projection (TPR) served as instruments in a photometric analysis. Setting: Academic university hospital and specialized craniofacial cleft center. Patients: At the time of the secondary rhinoplasty, 61 cleft patients were included, all 17 years or older. Interventions: Rotational advancement with usage of BMGs was performed in selected cases by a single surgeon. Main Outcome Measures: Nasal symmetry and aesthetic appearance. Results: From 2003 to 2011, 29 unilateral severe cleft cases (group I) underwent a modified alar rotational advancement with BMGs. Group II, with 32 cases, represented patients without BMGs. Technique and management of BMGs were described in detail. The complication rate of donor and recipient site presented as very low. The CA was improved significantly in both groups. Also, TPR improved (not significantly) in group I. Using our technique, we considerably enhanced the aesthetic results and symmetry in secondary cleft rhinoplast. Conclusions: Rotating the vestibular skin makes it possible to eliminate the traction of this skin on the repositioned alar cartilage, therefore achieving a more pleasing and stable nasal symmetry in secondary cleft rhinoplasty. Versatile BMGs close this gap, thus making them a powerful tool in the arsenal of the reconstructive cleft surgeon.
The War on Language: Providing Culturally Appropriate Care to Syrian Refugees
Authors: Roy Meagan A 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTOntario’s Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care released a document in January 2016 regarding medical care of Syrian refugees as an effort to support primary care providers in the care and early assessment of their new patients [1]. The fourteen-page document provides an overview of the transition to Ontario medical care, from the Immigration Medical Examination prior to the refugee’s entry into Canada, to health insurance coverage resources and information [1]. Health care providers may welcome this plethora of informa­tion, but the presence of a language barrier may prove to be the most considerable issue. RÉSUMÉEn janvier 2016, le ministère de la Santé et des Soins de longue durée de l’Ontario a publié un document au sujet des soins médicaux pour les réfugiés syriens, pour appuyer les fournisseurs de soins primaires lorsqu’ils soignent et effectuent l’évaluation initiale de leurs nouveaux patients [1]. Le document de quatorze pages fournit un survol de la transition vers les soins de santé ontariens, allant de l’examen médical aux fins d’immigration précédant l’entrée du réfugié au Canada, à de l’information sur les régimes d’assurance-maladie [1]. Les professionnels de la santé recevront sans doute favorablement cette abondance d’information, mais la présence d’une barrière linguistique pourrait se révéler comme étant le problème le plus substantiel.
The Effect of Conflict and Displacement on the Health of Internally Displaced People: The Colombian Crisis
Authors: Barrera Ramirez Juliana Andrea , Franco Hernan Dario 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTDecades of violence in Colombia led to the relocation of millions of rural families into urban areas, where the violation of human rights and abuse add to the struggle to meet most basic needs. Lack of housing, economic instability, poor access to healthcare and educa­tion impact their overall health. Unfortunately, implementation of laws created to alleviate the crisis has been unsuccessful, as armed groups target aid efforts through violence and threats. While the role of physicians is limited, advocacy and collaboration with other organizations can help improve the health and well-being of this population. RÉSUMÉDes décennies de violence en Colombie ont mené au relogement de millions de familles rurales vers des milieux urbains, où la viola­tion des droits de la personne et les sévices exacerbent la lutte pour subvenir aux besoins fondamentaux. Le manque de logement, l’instabilité économique, et l’accès restreint aux soins de santé et à l’éducation ont un impact sur leur santé globale. Malheureuse­ment, l’établissement de lois conçues pour alléger la crise s’est révélé sans succès, puisque des groupes armés ciblent ces efforts d’aide humanitaire avec de la violence et des menaces. Bien que le rôle des médecins soit limité, les activités de plaidoyer et la collaboration avec d’autres organismes peuvent aider à améliorer la santé et le bien-être de cette population.
Mind the Gap: Improving Pediatric Cancer Care in Developing Countries
Authors: Quilty Rebecca 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTDespite the fact that the majority of childhood cancer cases occur in the developing world, pediatric oncology in developing countries has not been afforded the ground breaking advances and successes that are available in developed countries. It is an underestimated global child health concern, and the factors contributing to the two-tiered cancer outcome profile between developed and developing countries are complex and expansive. There are some initiatives in place, such as the twinning program, that are successfully improv­ing cancer treatment in resource-limited regions, but more international advocacy is needed to make state of the art cancer therapy available to all children. RÉSUMÉBien que la majorité des cas de cancers pédiatriques se produisent dans des pays en voie de développement, l’oncologie pédiatrique dans ces pays n’a pas pu profiter des avancées révolutionnaires qui sont accessibles dans les pays développés. Cela est un problème de santé pédiatrique mondiale sous-estimé, et les facteurs contribuant au profil à deux paliers des taux de survie du cancer entre les pays développés et ceux en voie de développement sont complexes et de grande ampleur. Il y a des initiatives en place, tels les pro­grammes de jumelage, qui améliorent avec succès le traitement du cancer dans les régions possédant des ressources limitées, mais plus de défense internationale des droits des enfants est nécessaire pour assurer la disponibilité des toutes dernières thérapies contre le cancer pour tous les enfants.
To study the prevalence of insulin resistance in non-diabetes hypertensive subjects
Authors: Mohan Gurinder , Kaur Ranjeet , Nayyar Gursimran Singh , Singh Parminder 
Published: January 2017

Background: Hypertension is an important medical and public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke and renal disease. It is well recognized that hypertension coexists in varying degrees with conditions of obesity, insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia, the interrelated metabolic disorders characteristic of metabolic syndrome.Methods: The study was carried out at Sri Guru Ram Das hospital, Amritsar, Punjab, India. A total of 150 patients were taken, out of which 75 were hypertensive and 75 healthy subjects more than 18 years of age were recruited. Serum insulin concentration was measured using a solid phase enzyme linked immunoassay based on the sandwich principle. Insulin resistance was determined by HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance).Results: Statistically, the mean fasting serum insulin level was 17.09±8.17 μIu/ml in cases and 9.33±2.67μIU/ml in controls (reference range 2-25 μIU/ml); the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). The mean value of HOMA-IR in cases was 3.86±1.84 as compared with controls with mean HOMA -IR value of 2.01±0.62. This difference was statistically significant (P <0.001).Conclusions: Essential hypertension is significantly associated with higher mean fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinemia has a possible role in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension with insulin resistance being the likely predominant mechanism.
Novel Approach for Lateral Window Sinus Membrane Elevation Using Medical Grade Polyurethane Sponges: Case Report
Authors: Shahi Rana G. , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Towns Stephen , Forrest Arthur , Blanchard Steven B. 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: The lateral window approach for maxillary sinus augmentation is a delicate procedure that can be tedious and time consuming. This case report introduces and describes a novel approach to sinus augmentation using dense medical grade polyurethane sponges to elevate the Schneiderian membrane in a simplified manner with reduced risk for sinus membrane perforation.Case Presentation: A 55‐year‐old female patient was referred for evaluation to replace retained tooth #A with a dental implant. Clinical and radiographic assessment indicated a retained deciduous tooth, pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, and a buccal ridge deformity. Tooth #A was extracted, and sinus elevation was performed via a lateral approach by gradually introducing medical grade dense polyurethane sponges. Expansion of the sponges allowed elevation of the sinus membrane from the lateral, inferior, and medial sinus walls. Bovine bone mineral xenograft was placed into the subantral cavity and the buccal deficiency. A resorbable collagen membrane was positioned over the grafted material, covering the lateral osteotomy window. A total lift of 13.7 mm was achieved according to the cone beam computed tomography images obtained, permitting placement of a 4.1 × 10 mm dental implant.Conclusion: This case report describes a novel approach of elevating the sinus membrane by using dense polyurethane sponges to safely and gently elevate the Schneiderian membrane.
El trabajo a turnos como factor de riesgo para lumbago en un grupo de trabajadores peruanos.
Authors: Palomino Baldeon Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre trabajo a turnos y lumbago en un grupo de trabajadores mineros. Materiales y métodos: Estudio Caso Control realizado el año 2003 en un grupo de trabajadores mineros. Se revisaron las historias electrónicas de los trabajadores con lumbago, en quienes se obtuvo la edad, sexo, estado civil, grado de instrucción, tiempo de trabajo, índice masa corporal (IMC), trabajo a turnos (8 horas) y puesto de trabajo, éste último, se dividió en “white collar” (trabajo de oficina) y “blue collar”(trabajo no oficina). Se calculó el Odds Ratio para trabajo a turnos y puesto de trabajo versus lumbago. Resultados: De 1 240 trabajadores, 149 (72%) tuvieron lumbago sin ciática y 56 (28%) con ciática. No se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas para las variables demográficas descritas entre los grupos de estudio. Se encontró que los trabajadores de trabajo por turnos tuvieron un OR para lumbago sin ciática de 1,28 (IC de 0,89 – 1,82) y lumbago con ciática un OR de 2,12 (CI 1,4- 3,93). En relación al puesto de trabajo tipo blue collar se encontró que para lumbago sin ciática tuvo un OR de 1,63 (IC 1,05-2,51) y para lumbago con ciática se tiene OR de 1,48 (IC 0,76-2,9). Conclusión: Existe un riesgo mayor en trabajadores de turnos de trabajo para lumbago con ciática y mayor riesgo en trabajadores con puestos de trabajo tipo blue collar para lumbago sin ciática.
La historia médico – ocupacional como herramienta de diagnóstico.
Authors: Gomero Cuadra Raúl , Llap Yesan Carlos 
Published: January 2017

La Historia Ocupacional es una parte de la Historia Clínica del paciente que documenta las condiciones de salubridad de los puestos de trabajo desempeñados por él y relaciona la existencia de riesgos ocasionados o agravados por el trabajo que puedan devenir en enfermedades ocupacionales. Es una condición “sine qua non” la exposición a determinado riesgo para que sea posible la existencia de una enfermedad ocupacional. Para ello es imprescindible la consignación metódica y completa de la vida laboral del paciente que reconozca los posibles riesgos en relación al número de contaminantes y al tiempo (en años) de exposición a cada uno de los mismos. Por lo tanto, esta se constituye en una herramienta diagnóstica propia del médico especialista en Medicina Ocupacional.