bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflexivity and the clinician-researcher: managing participant misconceptions
Authors: Hiller Amy J , Vears Danya F 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– It is increasingly common for health care clinicians to undertake qualitative research investigating an aspect of their own profession. Although the additional knowledge and perspective of a clinician might benefit the research, the professional background of the clinician-researcher can be a precipitator for confusion, similar to the therapeutic misconception occurring in quantitative clinical trials research. A significant challenge for the clinician-researcher is managing the misconceptions of participants and others about their role in the research process. The purpose of this paper is to outline these misconceptions and provide insight into how they might be avoided and managed through awareness and reflexivity.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper the authors draw on their experiences as clinician-researchers and memo writing data from their respective qualitative research projects to discuss participant misconceptions. Theories of reflexivity and ethics support the discussion.

Findings
– Potential misconceptions from participants include feeling obliged to participate, expecting to receive clinical care or feedback and believing they are being judged. This paper promotes reflexivity as a tool to pre-empt, prevent and manage participant misconceptions resulting from misunderstandings about the role of the clinician-researcher.

Originality/value
– Alerting clinician-researchers to potential misconceptions and providing examples of reflexive thinking in practice can assist researchers to increase the rigor of their qualitative research.
Hybrid feature matrix construction and feature selection optimization-based multi-objective QPSO for electronic nose in wound infection detection
Authors: Yan Jia , Duan Shukai , Huang Tingwen , Wang Lidan 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to improve the performance of E-nose in the detection of wound infection. Feature extraction and selection methods have a strong impact on the performance of pattern classification of electronic nose (E-nose). A new hybrid feature matrix construction method and multi-objective binary quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (BQPSO) have been proposed for feature extraction and selection of sensor array.Design/methodology/approach– A hybrid feature matrix constructed by maximum value and wavelet coefficients is proposed to realize feature extraction. Multi-objective BQPSO whose fitness function contains classification accuracy and a number of selected sensors is used for feature selection. Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) is used for synchronization optimization of selected features and parameter of classifier. Radical basis function (RBF) network is used for classification.Findings– E-nose obtains the highest classification accuracy when the maximum value and db 5 wavelet coefficients are extracted as the hybrid features and only six sensors are selected for classification. All results make it clear that the proposed method is an ideal feature extraction and selection method of E-nose in the detection of wound infection.Originality/value– The innovative concept improves the performance of E-nose in wound monitoring, and is beneficial for realizing the clinical application of E-nose.
Modeling, simulation and coupling experiment for integrated passive wireless multi-parameters ceramic sensor
Authors: Wei Tanyong , Tan Qiulin , Luo Tao , Wu Guozhu , Tang Shun , Shen Dan-Dan , Li Chen , Xiong Jijun 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a pressure-, temperature- and acceleration-sensitive structure-integrated inductor-capacitor (LC) resonant ceramic sensor to fulfill the measurement of multi-parameters, such as the measurement of pressure, temperature and acceleration, simultaneously in automotive, aerospace and aeronautics industries.

Design/methodology/approach
– The ceramic-based multi-parameter sensor was composed of three LC tanks, which have their resonant frequencies sensitive to pressure, temperature and acceleration separately. Two aspects from the specific sensitive structure design to the multiple signals reading technology are considered in designing the multi-parameter ceramic sensor. Theoretical analysis and ANSYS simulation are used in designing the sensitive structure, and MATLAB simulation and experiment are conducted to verify the feasibility of non-coverage of multi-readout signals.

Findings
– It is found that if the parameters of sensitive structure and layout of the LC tanks integrated into the sensor are proper, the implementation of a multi-parameter sensor could be feasible.

Practical implications
– The ceramic sensor proposed in the paper can measure pressure, temperature and acceleration simultaneously in harsh environments.

Originality/value
– The paper creatively proposes a pressure-, temperature- and acceleration-sensitive structure-integrated LC resonant ceramic sensor for harsh environments and verifies the feasibility of the sensor from sensitive structure design to multiple-signal reading.
Innovative soft fault diagnosis method for dual-redundancy sensors
Authors: Zhou Yaoming , Wang Yongchao , Dou Shunan , Meng Zhijun 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to conduct soft fault diagnosis of dual-redundancy sensors. An innovative fault diagnosis method, which combines a tracking differentiator and a sequential probability ratio test, is proposed.Design/methodology/approach– First, two tracking differentiators are used to track and predict the two original signals, and determine their residuals. These residuals are used to calculate one quadratic residual. Then, a sequential probability ratio test is carried out on this quadratic residual to obtain log-likelihood ratio. A fault can be detected through comparing the log-likelihood ratio value with the threshold value. Finally, analyses of the difference in the residuals, which locates the fault, and of the difference in the original signals, which reveals the fault level and type, are completed successively.Findings– Results from experimentation show that this method can realise soft fault diagnosis for dual-redundancy sensors.Originality/value– The method proposed in the paper gives a new idea to study hybrid redundancy. The method provides a new application mode for tracking differentiators and sequential probability ratio test. The method can be used in robots, such as unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned ground vehicles, to improve their fault tolerance. It can also be applied to the key parts of industrial production lines to decrease financial losses caused by sensor faults.
A tapered fibre optics biosensor for histamine detection
Authors: Usman Hamza , Abu Bakar Muhammad Hafiz , Hamzah Amir Syahir , Salleh Abu bakar 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to estimate the level of histamine in fish and fish products, as it is very important because of their implication in fish poisoning in humans; hence, ascertaining histamine levels in the aforementioned serves as a chemical index for spoilage.Design/methodology/approach– A technique was developed to immobilize an ordered multilayer of diamine oxidase (DAO) by means of chemical cross-linking on the biconical taper surface stepwisely alternating between chitosan, glutaraldehyde and the enzyme. A spectrophotometric signal results from horseradish peroxidase catalyzed reduction of H2O2, a secondary product of the oxidative deamination of histamine monitored at 450 nm.Findings– The biosensor showed a linear response range up to 1.5 mM, a good sensitivity of 0.64 mM-1 with detection and quantification limits towards histamine of 0.086 mM (15.8 ppm) and 0.204 mM (37.7 ppm) and a linear response range of 0-1.5 mM. It showed a response and recovery time of 14 sec and operational stability up to 40 repeated analyses without significant loss of sensitivity.Practical implications– The developed biosensor has a good potential for use in the quantitative determination of histamine in seafood.Originality/value– The paper described an outcome of an experimental work on tapered fibre optics (taper)-based biosensor coated with DAO embedded into a chitosan membrane to measure histamine.
Fitness consequences of early life conditions and maternal size effects in a freshwater top predator
Authors: Vindenes Yngvild , Langangen Øystein , Winfield Ian J. , Vøllestad Leif Asbjørn 
Published: January 2016

Summary

Conditions experienced in early life stages can be an important determinant of individual life histories. In fish, environmental conditions are known to affect early survival and growth, but recent studies have also emphasized maternal effects mediated by size or age. However, the relative sensitivity of the mean fitness (population growth rate λ) to different early life impacts remains largely unexplored.

Using a female‐based integral projection model (IPM) parameterized from unique long‐term demographic data for pike (Esox lucius), we evaluated the relative fitness consequences of different early life impacts, including (i) maternal effects of length on egg weight, potentially affecting offspring (first year) survival, and (ii) effects of temperature on offspring growth and survival. Of the seven vital rates defining the model, offspring survival could not be directly estimated and four scenarios were defined for this rate.

Elasticity analyses of the IPM were performed to calculate (i) the total contribution from different lengths to the elasticity of λ to the projection kernel, and (ii) the elasticity of λ to underlying variables of female current length, female offspring length at age 1, and temperature. These elasticities were decomposed into contributions from different vital rates across length.

Egg weight increased with female length, as expected, but the effect leveled off for the largest females. However, λ was largely insensitive to this effect, even when egg weight was assumed to have a strong effect on offspring survival. In contrast, λ was sensitive to early temperature conditions through growth and survival. Among mature females, the total elasticity of λ to the projection kernel generally increased with length. The results were robust to a wide range of assumptions.

These results suggest that environmental conditions experienced in early life represent a more important driver of mean population growth and fitness of pike than maternal effects of size on offspring survival. We discuss two general mechanisms underlying the weak influence of this maternal effect, suggesting that these may be general for long‐lived and highly fecund fishes. This model and results are relevant for the management of long‐lived top predators, including many commercially important fish species.
Intraguild predation leads to cascading effects on habitat choice, behaviour and reproductive performance
Authors: Mueller Anna‐Katharina , Chakarov Nayden , Heseker Hanna , Krüger Oliver 
Published: January 2016

Summary

Intraguild predation (IGP) is a commonly recognized mechanism influencing the community structure of predators, but the complex interactions are notoriously difficult to disentangle. The mesopredator suppression hypothesis predicts that a superpredator may either simultaneously repress two mesopredators, restrain the dominant one and thereby release the subdominant mesopredator, or elicit different responses by both mesopredators.

We show the outcome arising from such conditions in a three‐level predator assemblage (Eurasian eagle owl Bubo bubo L., northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis L. and common buzzard Buteo buteo L.) studied over 25 years. In the second half of the study period, the eagle owl re‐colonized the study area, thereby providing a natural experiment of superpredator introduction. We combined this set‐up with detailed GIS analysis of habitat use and a field experiment simulating intrusion by the superpredator into territories of the subdominant mesopredator, the buzzard.

Although population trends were positive for all three species in the assemblage, the proportion of failed breeding attempts increased significantly in both mesopredators after the superpredator re‐colonized the area.

We predicted that superpredator‐induced niche shifts in the dominant mesopredator may facilitate mesopredator coexistence in superpredator‐free refugia. We found significant changes in nesting habitat choice in goshawk, but not in buzzard. Since competition for enemy‐free refugia and the rapid increase in population density may have constrained niche shifts of the subdominant mesopredator, we further predicted behavioural changes in response to the superpredator. The field experiment indeed showed a significant increase in aggressive response of buzzards towards eagle owl territory intrusion over the course of 10 years, probably due to phenotypic plasticity in the response towards superpredation risk.

Overall, our results show that intraguild predation can be a powerful force of behavioural change, simultaneously influencing habitat use and aggressiveness in predator communities. These changes might help to buffer mesopredator populations against the negative effects of intraguild predation.
The response of migratory populations to phenological change: a Migratory Flow Network modelling approach
Authors: Taylor Caz M. , Laughlin Andrew J. , Hall Richard J. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryDeclines in migratory species have been linked to anthropogenic climate change through phenological mismatch, which arises due to asynchronies between the timing of life‐history events (such as migration) and the phenology of available resources. Long‐distance migratory species may be particularly vulnerable to phenological change in their breeding ranges, since the timing of migration departure is based on environmental cues at distant non‐breeding sites.Migrants may, however, be able to adjust migration speed en route to the breeding grounds, and thus, ability of migrants to update their timing of migration may depend critically on stopover frequency during migration; however, understanding how migratory strategy influences population dynamics is hindered by a lack of predictive models explicitly linking habitat quality to demography and movement patterns throughout the migratory cycle.Here, we present a novel modelling framework, the Migratory Flow Network (MFN), in which the seasonally varying attractiveness of breeding, winter and stopover regions drives the direction and timing of migration based on a simple general flux law.We use theMFNto investigate how populations respond to shifts in breeding site phenology based on their frequency of stopover and ability to detect and adapt to these changes.With perfect knowledge of advancing phenology, ‘jump’ migrants (low‐frequency stopover) require more adaptation for populations to recover than ‘hop’ and ‘skip’ (high or medium frequency stopover) migrants. If adaptation depends on proximity, hop and skip migrants’ populations can recover but jump migrants cannot adjust and decline severely.These results highlight the importance of understanding migratory strategies and maintaining high‐quality stopover habitat to buffer migratory populations from climate‐induced mismatch.We discuss howMFNs could be applied to diverse migratory taxa and highlight the potential ofMFNs as a tool for exploring how migrants respond to other environmental changes such as habitat loss.
Habitat monitoring and projections for Canada lynx: linking the Landsat archive with carnivore occurrence and prey density
Authors: Simons‐Legaard Erin M. , Harrison Daniel J. , Legaard Kasey R. 
Published: January 2016

Summary

Habitat degradation is the leading threat to US federally listed species, but monitoring changes in habitat extent, fragmentation or quality is not generally included in species recovery plans.

Consecutive satellite images of the same area through time are commonly used to assess landscape changes, and image data are increasingly used to generate predictor variables for species–habitat models. A time series of satellite images has, however, rarely been used in conjunction with a species–habitat model to map changes in habitat extent or to predict wildlife–habitat dynamics through time.

We used a time series of forest disturbance encompassing 16 530 km2 of forestland in Maine to map and quantify change in forest types that influence probability of occurrence (POC) of the threatened Canada lynx Lynx canadensis. Integration with a predictive occurrence model developed from landscape conditions c. 2004 allowed us to retrospectively (1973–2004) assess changes at 2‐ to 4‐year intervals, update predictions (2004–2010) and project the spatial distribution and extent of lynx foraging habitat over the next decade.

Between 1975 and 1991, 40% of mature conifer forest in our study area was removed by stand‐replacing harvests, coincident with the last regional outbreak of eastern spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). As those areas regenerated between 1991 and 2010, POC increased dramatically as broad‐scale habitat conditions for lynx's primary prey, snowshoe hare Lepus americanus, improved. Projections suggest that continued forest regrowth will provide new habitat over the next decade, but fragmentation will increase, and by 2022 the habitat distribution will shift southwards into areas where climate change or interspecific competition may limit lynx population expansion.

Synthesis and applications. Conservation planning for vagile species that depend on ephemeral forest types, such as the Canada lynx in the north‐eastern USA, requires habitat monitoring strategies that can adapt to changing landscape conditions. Although Maine's lynx population has increased since the 1990s, we recommend that continued monitoring of lynx habitat and population status is critical given habitat and climate uncertainty. We also recommend that habitat management efforts be targeted not only at areas currently occupied by lynx but also where habitat loss is expected to occur near‐term from succession or in anticipation of the next budworm outbreak.
Seedling survival of three endemic and threatenedMexican cacti under induced climate change
Authors: Aragón‐Gastélum José Luis , Badano Ernesto , Yáñez‐Espinosa Laura , Ramírez‐Tobías Hugo M. , Rodas‐Ortiz Juan Pablo , González‐Salvatierra Claudia , Flores Joel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHuman‐induced warming may increase the risk of local extinction for plant species with low tolerance of elevated temperatures. TheChihuahuan desert harbors the highest diversity of globose cacti in the world and most of them are at risk of extinction. Predictive models of climate change indicate an increase in summer temperature of 1–2°C by 2030 for this desert. Nevertheless, studies on the vulnerability of cacti species in early development phases to future climate change are scarce. We assessed the survival of three threatened cacti species from theChihuahuan desert under induced warming. Open‐top chambers (OTCs) were used to simulate the effect of global warming on 2‐year seedlings ofEchinocactus platyacanthusf.visnaga,Ferocactus histrixandStenocactus coptonogonus.OTCshad higher temperature and lower humidity than control plots, and these elevated temperatures reduced seedling survival. Within theOTCs, no living individuals of any species were found after 105 days. Conversely, in the control plots, the three cacti species showed variable numbers of survivors after this period. Therefore the predicted global warming scenarios will greatly limit plant recruitment and the long‐term persistence of natural populations of Mexican endemic cacti species.
Fluctuating asymmetry in leaves and flowers of sympatric species in a tropical montane environment
Authors: Telhado Cristina , Silveira Fernando A.O. , Fernandes G. Wilson , Cornelissen Tatiana 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFluctuatingasymmetry (FA) represents small, random variations in traits, presumably with bilateral symmetry, and is widely used as a tool to measure developmental instability in plants and animals. BecauseFAis a quick, simple and reliable measure, it has been frequently used for monitoring levels of environmental stress. This study investigated whetherFAcan be used as a predictor of individual developmental instability for four sympatricMelastomataceae species. To achieve that aim, 20 individuals ofTrembleya laniflora,T.parviflora,Lavoisiera campos‐portoanaandTibouchina heteromallawere marked in southeasternBrazil and monitored before and during the flowering season. TheFAindex was calculated as the mean of the difference in the width or length between the left and right sides measured for each leaf or flower. All studied species exhibited asymmetry in the leaves and flowers, but the leaves ofL.campos‐portoanaand the petal width ofT.heteromallaexhibited directional asymmetry, also an indicator of developmental instability. The highest level of leaf asymmetry was found inT.heteromallaand on flowers ofL.campos‐portoana. None of the studied species exhibited a significant relationship between theFAlevel of the leaves and flowers on an individual basis, indicating that environmental and/or genetic sources of stress might act differently on different plant traits. For the studied species, measurements ofFAcan be suggested as useful tools to biomonitor levels of stress experienced by both leaves and flowers within theMelastomataceae family.
Practicing Openness: Investigating the Role of Everyday Decision Making in the Production of Squatted Space
Authors: de Moor Joost 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBy means of illegal occupation, squatters produce (urban) space. Previous studies have predominantly focused on the external dimensions of this process (e.g. squatters' negotiations with authorities), while the few studies that have analyzed the internal processes of producing squatted space have mainly focused on formal and explicit decision‐making processes. The effect of everyday practices and improvised decision making on the production of squatted space, however, has been overlooked. This article aims to fill this gap in the literature. It draws on five months of ethnographic fieldwork in two ‘entrepreneurial squats' (in the Netherlands and France) to analyze how, on an everyday practical level, squatters seek to reconcile a frame that advocates ‘open space' with contradictory practical or emotional needs. It finds that squatters regulate the openness of the spaces they occupy by putting into place spatial, temporal and social boundaries that define who and what is more or less in place. Based on a level of personal or ideological identification, then, the squatters establish a sense of community, distinguish between desirable and undesirable activities and create spatial meaning.
The riddle of Siegfried: exploring methods and psychological perspectives in analytical psychology
Authors: Barreto Marco Heleno 
Published: January 2016

AbstractJung's dream of the killing of Siegfried poses a riddle: why did the unconscious choose precisely Siegfried as the hero to be murdered? Jung himself declares that he does not know. This paper attempts to decipher this riddle using three distinct methodological approaches accepted by Jung, two of them in fact grounded in his theories of dream interpretation. Besides presenting some possible answers to the riddle of Siegfried, this interpretative reflection brings to light the discrepancy of the psychological perspectives created by the heterogeneity of methods within analytical psychology.