bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smell no evil: Copper disrupts the alarm chemical response in a diadromous fish, Galaxias maculatus
Authors: Thomas Oliver R.B. , Barbee Nicole C. , Hassell Kathryn L. , Swearer Stephen E. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Fish, at all life stages, utilize olfactory information in the decision-making processes essential to survival. Olfaction is a sensitive sensory process, and toxicants within urban aquatic environments can have destructive or depreciating effects. In the present study, the authors exposed Galaxias maculatus, a native fish commonly found in urban waterways throughout southeastern Australia, to 1 of 5 ecologically relevant copper (II) chloride concentrations (&lt;1 μg/L, 1 μg/L, 6 μg/L, 8 μg/L, 18 μg/L) for 16 h. After exposure, the authors tested the response of individual fish to 1 of 3 stimuli: a conspecific skin extract containing a stress-inducing alarm chemical odor, a conspecific odor, and distilled water as a control. Stress responses were quantified through behavioral assays. The authors found evidence for distinct changes in behavioral response with increasing copper concentration and a marked difference in response between control fish and fish exposed to the alarm chemical odor. Copper, even at relatively low concentrations, can have a significant effect on the stress response behavior shown by G. maculatus. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2209–2214. © 2016 SETAC
Synthesis and Evaluation of Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Effects Halogenated Polyunsaturated Lipids from Marine Natural Products: Methyl Xestospongoate and Analogs
Authors: Gong Jing‐Xu , He Wen‐Fei , Liu Hai‐Li , Jiang Cheng‐Shi , Wang Ting , Wang He‐Yao , Guo Yue‐Wei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMethyl xestospongoate (MXS), a brominated polyunsaturalted lipid recently isolated from the Chinese marine sponge Xestospongia testudinaria, showed strong in vitro pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory activity. Inspired by its promising activity and potential clinical application, a series of shorter or longer‐chain and chlorinated analogs of MXS was prepared and evaluated for PL inhibitory activity. The result of a bioassay indicated that the terminal brominated ones are better than the chlorinated ones on their bioactivity, and 16–20 C‐atoms in the structures of MXS analogs might be optimal for their PL inhibitory activity. The results obtained in the present work are useful for the design of novel pancreatic lipase inhibitors.
Analysis of the Essential Oil of Elsholtzia ciliate Aerial Parts and Its Insecticidal Activities against Liposcelis bostrychophila
Authors: Ping Zhao Mei , Chao Liu Xin , Lai Daowan , Zhou Ligang , Long Liu Zhi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWater‐distilled essential oil from Elsholtzia ciliate (Labiatae) aerial parts at flowering stage was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Thirty‐six compounds, accounting for 98.3% of the total oil content, were identified, and the main components of the essential oil were dehydroelsholtzia ketone (26.5%), (R)‐carvone (16.6%), elsholtzia ketone (14.6%), and D‐limonene (4.1%). The essential oil contained higher amounts of monoterpenoids (83.4%) than of sesquiternoids (8.3%). Bioactivity‐directed chromatographic separation of the essential oil on repeated silica gel columns led to the isolation of three monoterpenoids. The essential oil possessed fumigant toxicity against the booklice (Liposcelis bostrychophila) with an LC50 value of 475.2 μg/l, while the isolated constituents, (R)‐carvone, dehydroelsholtzia ketone, and elsholtzia ketone had LC50 values of 417.4, 658.2, and 547.3 μg/l, respectively. The essential oil also exhibited contact toxicity against L. bostrychophila with an LC50 value of 145.5 μg/cm2. (R)‐Carvone, dehydroelsholtzia ketone, and elsholtzia ketone exhibited acute toxicity against the booklice with LC50 values of 57.0, 151.5, and 194.1 μg/cm2, respectively. The results indicated that the essential oil and the isolated constituents have potential for the development into natural insecticides/fumigants for the control of insects in stored grains.
Pharmacometric Approaches to Personalize Use of Primarily Renally Eliminated Antibiotics in Preterm and Term Neonates
Authors: Wilbaux Mélanie , Fuchs Aline , Samardzic Janko , Rodieux Frédérique , Csajka Chantal , Allegaert Karel , van den Anker Johannes N. , Pfister Marc 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSepsis remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates, and, as a consequence, antibiotics are the most frequently prescribed drugs in this vulnerable patient population. Growth and dynamic maturation processes during the first weeks of life result in large inter‐ and intrasubject variability in the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of antibiotics. In this review we (1) summarize the available population PK data and models for primarily renally eliminated antibiotics, (2) discuss quantitative approaches to account for effects of growth and maturation processes on drug exposure and response, (3) evaluate current dose recommendations, and (4) identify opportunities to further optimize and personalize dosing strategies of these antibiotics in preterm and term neonates. Although population PK models have been developed for several of these drugs, exposure‐response relationships of primarily renally eliminated antibiotics in these fragile infants are not well understood, monitoring strategies remain inconsistent, and consensus on optimal, personalized dosing of these drugs in these patients is absent. Tailored PK/PD studies and models are useful to better understand relationships between drug exposures and microbiological or clinical outcomes. Pharmacometric modeling and simulation approaches facilitate quantitative evaluation and optimization of treatment strategies. National and international collaborations and platforms are essential to standardize and harmonize not only studies and models but also monitoring and dosing strategies. Simple bedside decision tools assist clinical pharmacologists and neonatologists in their efforts to fine‐tune and personalize the use of primarily renally eliminated antibiotics in term and preterm neonates.
Evaluating the diagnostic sensitivity of computed diffusion‐weighted MR imaging in the detection of breast cancer
Authors: O'Flynn Elizabeth A.M. , Blackledge Matthew , Collins David , Downey Katherine , Doran Simon , Patel Hardik , Dumonteil Sam , Mok Wing , Leach Martin O , Koh Dow‐Mu 
Published: January 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of computed diffusion‐weighted (DW)‐MR imaging for the detection of breast cancer.Materials and MethodsLocal research ethics approval was obtained. A total of 61 women (median 48 years) underwent dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)‐ and DW‐MR between January 2011 and March 2012, including 27 with breast cancer on core biopsy and 34 normal cases. Standard ADC maps using all four b values (0, 350, 700, 1150) were used to generate computed DW‐MR images at b = 1500 s/mm2 and b = 2000 s/mm2. Four image sets were read sequentially by two readers: acquired b = 1150 s/mm2, computed b = 1500 s/mm2 and b = 2000 s/mm2, and DCE‐MR at an early time point. Cancer detection was rated using a five‐point scale; image quality and background suppression were rated using a four‐point scale. The diagnostic sensitivity for breast cancer detection was compared using the McNemar test and inter‐reader agreement with a Kappa value.ResultsComputed DW‐MR resulted in higher overall diagnostic sensitivity with b = 2000 s/mm2 having a mean diagnostic sensitivity of 76% (range 49.8‐93.7%) and b = 1500 s/mm2 having a mean diagnostic sensitivity of 70.3% (range 32‐97.7%) compared with 44.4% (range 25.5‐64.7%) for acquired b = 1150 s/mm2 (both p = 0.0001). Computed DW‐MR images produced better image quality and background suppression (mean scores for both readers: 2.55 and 2.9 for b 1500 s/mm2; 2.55 and 3.15 for b 2000 s/mm2, respectively) than the acquired b value 1150 s/mm2 images (mean scores for both readers: 2.4 and 2.45, respectively).ConclusionComputed DW‐MR imaging has the potential to improve the diagnostic sensitivity of breast cancer detection compared to acquired DW‐MR. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:130–137.
Molecularly Imprinted Bio‐Membranes Based on Cellulose Nano‐Fibers for Drug Release and Selective Separations
Authors: Dima Ştefan‐Ovidiu , Dobre Tănase , Stoica‐Guzun Anicuţa , Oancea Florin , Jinga Sorin‐Ion , Nicolae Cristian‐Andi 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe present work is a preliminary study for the preparation of molecularly imprinted membranes based on bacterial cellulose nano‐fibers combined with a biodegradable natural polymer (e.g. xanthan), in order to obtain systems with high efficiency in controlled drug release and selective separations. The results evidenced a possible viable solution for obtaining biocompatible and biodegradable molecularly imprinted membranes for diosgenin, a molecule with anti‐cancerous and anti‐cholesterol properties. A composite material with the mass ratios between components of 1:0.5:0.1:0.05 xanthan: bacterial cellulose:citric acid:diosgenin showed interesting properties and will represent the starting point for more complex studies, like adsorption, selectivity, or controlled delivery studies.
Structural Phase Transitions of Syndiotactic Polystyrene upon the Guest Extraction Process
Authors: Shaiju P. , Bhoje Gowd Erathimmanna 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIn this work, the effects of initial morphology/crystalline form and the guest molecules used for the preparation of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) co‐crystals, on the structural phase transitions of sPS upon the guest extraction process were systematically investigated. For that purpose, samples having two different initial morphologies such as amorphous and γ form were used as the starting materials and guests such as chloroform and toluene were used for the preparation of sPS co‐crystals. Selective extraction of guest molecules resulted in complex phase transitions in the host structure. In the case of toluene‐treated amorphous samples, the structure transformed into the δ (δe) form. On the other hand, the chloroform‐treated amorphous samples transformed into the mixture of nanoporous δ (δe) and ϵ (ϵe) forms. When chloroform‐treated γ form samples were used for the guest extraction, the ϵ (ϵe) form with channel‐shaped cavities was obtained. In contrast, when toluene‐treated γ form samples were for used guest extraction, the co‐crystal structure transformed to its initial crystalline form, i.e., γ form, instead of forming nanoporous structure.
Information on Microenvironment in Amorphous Region of Polymer Films Revealed by PFR Method
Authors: Itagaki Hideyuki , Sago Tomohiro 
Published: January 2016

SummaryMeasurement of the polarized fluorescence intensities of chromophores in a sample by rotating the sample around the excitation light beam, i.e., the PFR method, is very efficient for determining the three‐dimensional arrangement of the chromophores in the film. We have applied the PFR method to monitor the orientation of fluorescent species in amorphous regions of polymer films. In particular, the present paper reviews two successful studies obtained by PFR method: (i) the microenvironmental change of amorphous regions induced by uniaxially stretching of the films, and (ii) the initial stage of the cold crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films stretched uniaxially.
Phase Behavior and Thermal Analyses of Novel Blends Based on Poly(Styrene‐Co‐Itaconic Acid) and Poly(Ethylacrylate‐Co‐4‐Vinylpyridine)
Authors: Hambli Sofiane , Djadoun Said 
Published: January 2016

SummaryAimed to be used in very specific applications, novel materials with properties different from those of their neat constituents, based on poly(styrene‐co‐itaconic acid) (PSIA‐x) and poly(ethylacrylate‐co‐4‐vinylpyridine) (PEA4VP‐y) of various compositions, prepared by free radical polymerization, were elaborated by simply mixing pairs of these copolymers in chloroform or THF used as a common solvent. The effective specific interactions that occurred between the two constituents of the blends, evidenced by FTIR spectroscopy, depended on the blend composition and controlled the morphology of the various elaborated materials. Their phase behavior and thermal properties, investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), confirmed enhanced thermal stability of most of these materials and differences in their mechanism of degradation. Moreover, the apparent activation energies of thermal degradation of a specific blend system estimated using Tang's method also confirmed a change in the thermal behavior of these materials with blend composition.
Application of diffusion‐edited and solvent suppression 1H‐NMR to the direct analysis of markers in valerian‐hop liquid herbal products
Authors: Prieto Jose M. , Mellinas‐Gomez Maria , Zloh Mire 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroduction – The rising trend to consume herbal products for the treatment and/or prevention of minor ailments together with their chemical and pharmacological complexity means there is an urgent need to develop new approaches to their quality and stability.Objectives – This work looks at the application of one‐dimensional diffusion‐edited 1H‐NMR spectroscopy (1D DOSY) and 1H‐NMR with suppression of the ethanol and water signals to the characterisation of quality and stability markers in multi‐component herbal medicines/food supplements.Material and Methods – The experiments were performed with commercial tinctures of Valeriana officinalis L. (valerian), expired and non‐expired, as well as its combination with Hummulus lupulus L. (hops), which is one of the most popular blends of relaxant herbs. These techniques did not require purification or evaporation of components for the qualitative analysis of the mixture, but only the addition of D2O and TSP.Results – The best diagnostic signals were found at δ 7 ppm (H‐11, valerenic acid), δ 4.2 ppm (H‐1, hydroxyvalerenic acid) and δ 1.5‐1.8 ppm (methyl groups in prenylated moieties, α‐acids/prenylated flavones).Conclusion – This work concludes on the potential value of 1D DOSY 1H‐NMR to provide additional assurance of quality in complex natural mixtures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic feasibility of bifacial silicon solar cells
Authors: Fertig Fabian , Nold Sebastian , Wöhrle Nico , Greulich Johannes , Hädrich Ingrid , Krauß Karin , Mittag Max , Biro Daniel , Rein Stefan , Preu Ralf 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBifacial solar cells and modules are a promising approach to increase the energy output of photovoltaic systems, and therefore decrease levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). This work discusses the bifacial silicon solar cell concepts PERT (passivated emitter, rear totally diffused) and BOSCO (both sides collecting and contacted) in terms of expected module cost and LCOE based on in‐depth numerical device simulation and advanced cost modelling. As references, Al‐BSF (aluminium back‐surface field) and PERC (passivated emitter and rear) cells with local rear‐side contacts are considered. In order to exploit their bifacial potential, PERT structures (representing cells with single‐sided emitter) are shown to require bulk diffusion lengths of more than three times the cell thickness. For the BOSCO concept (representing cells with double‐sided emitter), diffusion lengths of half the cell thickness are sufficient to leverage its bifacial potential. In terms of nominal LCOE, BOSCO cells are shown to be cost‐competitive under monofacial operation compared with an 18% efficient (≙ pMPP = 18 mW/cm2) multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si) Al‐BSF cell and a 19% mc‐Si PERC cell for maximum output power densities of pMPP ≥ 17.3 mW/cm2 and pMPP ≥ 18.1 mW/cm2, respectively. These values assume the use of $10/kg silicon feedstock for the BOSCO and $20/kg for the Al‐BSF and PERC cells. For the PERT cell, corresponding values are pMPP ≥ 21.7 mW/cm2 and pMPP ≥ 22.7 mW/cm2, respectively, assuming the current price offset (≈50%, at the time of October 2014) of n‐type Czochralski‐grown silicon (Cz‐Si) compared with mc‐Si wafers. The material price offset of n‐type to p‐type Cz‐Si wafers (≈15%, October 2014) currently accounts for approximately 1 mW/cm2, which correlates to a conversion efficiency difference of 1%abs for monofacial illumination with 1 sun. From p‐type mc‐Si to p‐type Cz‐Si (≈30% wafer price offset, October 2014), this offset is approximately 2.5 mW/cm2 for a PERT cell. When utilizing bifacial operation, these required maximum output power densities can be transformed into required minimum rear‐side illumination intensities for arbitrary front‐side efficiencies ηfront by means of the performed numerical simulations. For a BOSCO cell with ηfront = 18%, minimum rear‐side illumination intensities of ≤ 0.02 suns are required to match a 19% PERC cell in terms of nominal LCOE. For an n‐type Cz‐Si PERT cell with ηfront = 21%, corresponding values are ≤ 0.11 suns with 0.05 suns being the n‐type to p‐type material price offset. This work strongly motivates the use of bifacial concepts to generate lowest LCOE. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers with alkyl or ionic side groups in ionic liquids
Authors: Yoshimitsu Hayato , Kanazawa Arihiro , Kanaoka Shokyoku , Aoshima Sadahito 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTControlled cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether was demonstrated to proceed in an ionic liquid (IL), 1‐butyl‐3‐octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, using a 1‐(isobutoxy)ethyl acetate/TiCl4 initiating system, ethyl acetate as an added base, and 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylpyridine as a proton trap reagent. Judicious choices of metal halide catalysts, counteranions of ILs, and additives were essential for controlling the polymerization. The polymerization proceeded much faster in the IL than in CH2Cl2, indicating an increased population of ionic active species in the IL due to the high polarity. Polymers with a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution were obtained in the IL with a bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (
) anion even in the absence of an added base, which suggested possible interactions of the counteranion of the IL with the growing carbocations. Moreover, the direct cationic polymerization of a vinyl ether with pendant imidazolium salts, 1‐(2‐vinyloxyethyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, proceeded in a homogeneous state in 1‐methyl‐3‐octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. The solubilities of the obtained polymers were readily tuned by counteranion exchange. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1774–1784
Nitrofurantoin‐induced acute pulmonary toxicity
Authors: Livanios Konstantinos , Karampi Eirini‐Sofia , Sotiriou Adamantia , Tavernaraki Kyriaki , Styliara Panagiota , Kainis Elias 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe report a case of a female admitted to the emergency department with fever and severe type I acute respiratory failure. After detailed examination, all other potential causes were excluded and the patient was diagnosed with nitrofurantoin‐induced acute pulmonary toxicity.
Is that an opportunity? An attention model of top managers' opportunity beliefs for strategic action
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Mcmullen Jeffery S. , Ocasio William 
Published: January 2016

Research summary: Exploiting opportunities is critical to a firm's competitive advantage. Not surprisingly, there has been considerable interest in the processes by which top managers allocate attention to potential opportunities. Although such investigations have largely focused on top‐down processes for allocating attention to the environment, some studies have explored bottom‐up processes. In this article, we consider both top‐down and bottom‐up processing to develop a model by which top managers form opportunity beliefs for strategic action depending on the allocation of transient and sustained attention. Specifically, this attentional model provides insights into how a top manager's attention is allocated to identify potential opportunities from environmental change and explores how different modes of attentional engagement impact the likelihood of forming beliefs about radical and incremental opportunities requiring strategic action.Managerial summary: Managers are interested in noticing and exploiting opportunities because the exploitation of an opportunity represents an important strategic action. Noticing and exploiting opportunities depends on how and where top managers allocate their attention. Managers can focus attention based on their knowledge and experience or as a result of something in the environment capturing their attention. In this paper, we consider both knowledge‐driven and environment‐driven processes for allocating attention to form opportunity beliefs. This opportunity belief arises from a two stage process. The first stage explains how a top manager identifies environmental changes as potential opportunities. The second stage explains how the top manager forms a belief that these identified environmental changes represent a radical or incremental opportunity worthy of exploitation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maturation and electrophysiological properties of human pluripotent stem cell-derived oligodendrocytes
Authors: Livesey Matthew R. , Magnani Dario , Cleary Elaine M. , Vasistha Navneet A. , James Owain T. , Selvaraj Bhuvaneish T. , Burr Karen , Story David , Shaw Christopher E. , Kind Peter C. , Hardingham Giles E. , Wyllie David J.A. , Chandran Siddharthan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Rodent-based studies have shown that the membrane properties of oligodendrocytes play prominent roles in their physiology and shift markedly during their maturation from the oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) stage. However, the conservation of these properties and maturation processes in human oligodendrocytes remains unknown, despite their dysfunction being implicated in human neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we have defined the membrane properties of human oligodendrocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells as they mature from the OPC stage, and have identified strong conservation of maturation-specific physiological characteristics reported in rodent systems. We find that as human oligodendrocytes develop and express maturation markers, they exhibit a progressive decrease in voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels and a loss of tetrodotoxin-sensitive spiking activity. Concomitant with this is an increase in inwardly rectifying potassium channel activity, as well as a characteristic switch in AMPA receptor composition. All these steps mirror the developmental trajectory observed in rodent systems. Oligodendrocytes derived from mutant C9ORF72-carryng ALS patient induced pluripotent stem cells did not exhibit impairment to maturation and maintain viability with respect to control lines despite the presence of RNA foci, suggesting that maturation defects may not be a primary feature of this mutation. Thus, we have established that the development of human oligodendroglia membrane properties closely resemble those found in rodent cells and have generated a platform to enable the impact of human neurodegenerative disease-causing mutations on oligodendrocyte maturation to be studied.