bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student paramedics' perceptions of action learning: a mixed-method study
Authors: Willis Sam 
Published: November 2015

Paramedic education programmes must draw upon a wide range of teaching, learning and assessment techniques in order to ensure that graduating students possess the necessary skills and qualities for their profession ( Quality Assurance Agency (QAA), 2013 ). Theory and practice must come together as part of a reflective learning process at a number of points within the education cycle, in order to identify crucial learning points, and areas for self-improvement from the practice setting. One way of achieving this is via action learning (AL). This small-scale study uses a mixed methods approach to investigate whether or not student paramedics from a UK university, as participants within action learning sets (ALS), felt that that they were a useful educational tool to use within a Foundation Degree in Paramedic Science. Students reported many benefits to their educational experience having participated in ALS, including developments in personal, academic and professional areas. The research also showed how the AL process could be improved in areas such as AL induction, providing AL members with team working skills as well as supporting students with communication and leadership challenges during ALS.
The use of polyvinyl chloride film (clingfilm) with burn injury in the pre-hospital setting—the clear facts
Authors: Bourke Patrick M , Dunn Ken W 
Published: November 2015

Responding to burn patients within the pre-hospital setting, ‘stop the burning process, cool the burn injury, assess and then cover’ is the recommended management procedure included in the standard trauma protocol pathway, endorsed by international burn associations throughout the world. However, the introduction of the use of polyvinyl chloride film (clingfilm) in the pre-hospital setting continues to generate considerable confusion among emergency medical and rescue practitioners responding to burn-injured patients. The use of polyvinyl chloride film (clingfilm) does have a supportive role in burn injury management—just not in the immediate phase of emergency burn care. This paper provides an overview of the clinically-evidenced pathway for the potential use of polyvinyl chloride film (clingfilm), as advocated by leading international emergency burn care and trauma associations.
A review of a self-diagnosed diabetic case study
Authors: Sheridan Samantha 
Published: November 2015

This paper reflects on a case of a 26-year-old male taking medication for undiagnosed diabetes. The patient is resident in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and while Federal Law does not place the same focus on patient confidentiality as UK law, all patient identifiable information has been anonymised in line with the Principles of Caldicott ( Department of Health, 1997 ) and has received ethical approval. The purpose of this review is to critically analyse the effect of self-medicating for a self-diagnosed condition, in this case diabetes. The focus of the case study draws on multiple experiences in which a patient has self-diagnosed and implemented a medication regime without advice from medically trained personnel.
Moving sepsis care to the front line: knowledge and views of pre-hospital clinicians
Authors: Roebuck Elizabeth 
Published: November 2015

Background: Previous in-hospital studies have highlighted the opportunity pre-hospital clinicians have to recognise sepsis at an early stage. Left untreated, mortality in septic shock increases rapidly. Sepsis screening tools have been developed to assist recognition; however, current knowledge of sepsis, effectiveness of previous training and attitudes towards implementation of a screening tool is unknown. Methods: A survey was emailed to 529 paramedics and 131 advanced technicians in the North of England to determine their current knowledge of sepsis, views around previous training and the use of a screening tool. Case studies were included to investigate current management of patients with history of infection. Results: 144 clinicians completed the survey, gaining a 21.8% response rate. 54% (95% CI 46%, 62%) of clinicians felt like they had good knowledge, leaving 46% of clinicians feeling a lack of knowledge. 94% (95% CI 89%, 97%) thought emergency departments should treat sepsis immediately or within the first hour. Case studies highlighted variability in the management pathways chosen and 98% (95% CI 94%, 99%) of clinicians required further training. 97% (95% CI 92%, 99%) agreed a screening tool would assist in the identification of septic patients and 98% (95% CI 95%, 99%) would use the tool. Conclusions: Severity level and importance of quick recognition and management are acknowledged among clinicians. Although response rate is a limitation of this study, knowledge levels differentiate greatly among the cohort and nearly all state they require further education. Clinicians agreed a screening tool would help identify septic patients and would use it alongside clinical acumen.
Can paramedics treat sepsis?
Authors: Pike John , Wood Bartholomew , Theminimulle Sandya , Cumming Debbie , Lawal-Rieley Thomas , Ballington Joanne , Moody Shane , Andrews Robert 
Published: November 2015

Background: Sepsis is the most common time-critical medical emergency attended by UK paramedics but lacks the pre-hospital treatment options available for other common conditions. Sepsis treatment is simple, effective and quick to deliver and frontline paramedics may be able to significantly improve patient outcomes if empowered to recognise and treat sepsis. Methods: The Isle of Wight (IOW) Pre-hospital Piperacillin/Tazobactam (PrePip) project tested the concept that paramedics could accurately recognise and safely treat sepsis in the pre-hospital environment. By selecting two high-risk patient groups and developing new patient group directives and protocols for paramedic antibiotic delivery IOW sepsis treatment was radically altered to focus on early pre-hospital care. Results: The project showed that paramedics were highly effective in recognising sepsis in clearly defined patient groups with their diagnosis of sepsis being corroborated by in-patient consultants in 93% of cases. Paramedic-delivered interventions such as collection of blood cultures and administration of IV fluid and broad-spectrum IV antibiotics were shown to be both safe and timely. Conclusions: This project suggests that a new ‘call-to-needle’ paradigm of sepsis treatment may be possible, with UK paramedics providing key elements of the Sepsis Six before reaching the emergency department. This may have significant implications for restructuring sepsis services.
UMA NOVA VISÃO DAS COMPETÊNCIAS DE GESTÃO CONSTRUÍDAS EM SIMULADORES DE NEGÓCIOS
Authors: Schlatter Gabriel Vianna , Behar Patricia Alejandra , Reategui Eliseo Berni 
Published: November 2015

<p class="XIIESUD-Resumo">Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa realizada com usuários de um simulador de negócios online, em um curso superior de Administração de Empresas. Pesquisas anteriores, sobre o uso de simuladores de negócios, descreveram a validade deste recurso como método de desenvolvimento de habilidades gerenciais, bem como as percepções dos alunos sobre a vivência da qual participaram. Entretanto, há um número reduzido de pesquisas que procuraram avaliar diretamente quais competências de gestão são construídas quando do uso de simuladores. No presente estudo, os alunos manifestaram sua percepção a respeito das competências de gestão que foram desenvolvidas por participarem da simulação. A avaliação foi estruturada de acordo com as macro-competências propostas pelo Projeto Tuning América Latina, tendo-se identificado aquelas com maior e menor desenvolvimento percebido. Constatou-se que a simulação ajudou a construir competências relacionadas ao uso de informações para suportar a tomada de decisões, à gestão dos recursos da empresa no nível operacional e a identificação e administração dos riscos do negócio. Além disso, foi possível determinar, com base em uma análise fatorial, que a construção de várias competências ocorreu de forma simultânea, compondo conjuntos mais elaborados. Cinco conjuntos, compostos por várias competências, foram identificados e descritos como a capacidade de empreender com base em dados e fatos, de administrar processos e projetos da organização, de desenvolver seu próprio processo de planejamento, de agir prioritariamente com responsabilidade social e de trabalhar em equipe para administrar os riscos da mudança.</p>
A Delphi Study on Staff Bereavement Training in the Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Field
Authors: Gray Jennifer A. , Truesdale Jesslyn 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Delphi technique was used to obtain expert panel consensus to prioritize content areas and delivery methods for developing staff grief and bereavement curriculum training in the intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) field. The Delphi technique was conducted with a panel of 18 experts from formal and informal disability caregiving, nursing, and hospice and bereavement service provision. Results showed that training should help staff identify and support service users experiencing grief. Importantly, staff also needs help in managing their own grief. Organizational policies and resources should be instituted to support the grief processes of both service users and staff. Practice-based applications are discussed, and research implications are presented for training evaluation.
In Vitro Study of Light Radiation Penetration Through Dentin, According to the Wavelength
Authors: Dogandzhiyska Violeta , Angelov I. , Dimitrov Sl. , Uzunov Ts. 
Published: November 2015

Summary
Based on their biological, analgesic and antibacterial effect, lasers are becoming more widely used in clinical practice in the recent years. In order to obtain a therapeutic effect and to prevent dental pulp alteration in the treatment of hard tooth tissue, the parameters of laser radiation should be precisely controlled. Upon irradiation of dental pulp, these effects are dependent on the permeability of light through the enamel and dentin. The purpose of our study was to examine the penetration of light through dentin, according to the wavelength.The absorption of light was also studied. For the aim of our investigation 30 dentin samples with thickness 1 mm of extracted human teeth (premolars and molars) were prepared. The absorption and transmission of light in the range 350-1000 nm in its passage through the samples were studied using a spectrophotometer Ocean Optics QE65000. The obtained results showed that the light absorption of dentin in spectral range 350-600 nm depends on the wavelength. When light sources, emitting in the wavelength range above 600 nm were used, the dependence was low. These features should be taken into account in the choice of irradiation wavelength and a light source.
Frequency of Iatrogenic Changes Caused from Overhang Restorations
Authors: Boteva E. , Karayasheva D. , Peycheva K. 
Published: November 2015

Summary
Overhangs from different restorations are an iatrogenic error with different results, short and long term consequences related to bone changes and periodontal diseases. Amalgam “tattoos”, idiopathic subgingival hypertrophy, marginal periodontitis and bone reductions in the intradental septum are major problems. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the frequency of traumatic restorations in distal teeth and clinical criteria, related to the x-ray findings. Evaluating criteria, for repairing the overhangs or for replacement of the restorations, is also a goal. Three hundred and sixteen - 316 patients from both sexes, 632 dental x-rays with 948 distal teeth and 632 restorations, at least two radiographs for each patient, were analyzed. Overhangs are classified in three groups: small, middle and large. In the criteria bone changes from the overhangs are analyzed separately from the existing or nonexisting bone changes from a generalized periodontal diseases. The frequency of iatrogenic changes in this cohort group is 10.6% from 632 restored teeth. This is a relatively small number compared with the other published studies. These overhangs are on distal teeth in sound teeth arches which makes them difficult for corrections. The evaluated criteria for replacement based on x-ray findings and clinical experience includes: operative and nonoperative corrections, restoration replacement, perio- and endo-therapy and follow up terms for secondary caries.
Experimental Study of the Laser-Induced Oxyhemoglobin Photodissociation in Cutaneous Blood Vessels
Authors: Gisbrecht Alexander , Mamilov S. 
Published: November 2015

Summary
A new optical method for reduction of local tissue hypoxia is proposed. It is shown that this method of phototherapy allows the control of a local oxygen concentration in tissue. Different aspects of biomedical application of this phenomenon are discussed. The results of in vivo experimental investigation of the laser-induced photodissociation of oxyhemoglobin in cutaneous blood vessels and its role in tissue oxygenation are presented. The rates of oxygen saturation SpO2 in blood and their dependence on the wavelength of the transcutaneous laser irradiation have been experimentally measured.
Serum and Urine Copper – Contamination and Stability
Authors: Dimitrova Ivanova I. , Atanasova B. , Dragneva S. , Vladimirova L. , Krastev Z. , Kostadinova A. , Ivanova A. , Tzatchev K. 
Published: November 2015

Summary
Pre-analytical factors of variation need to be carefully considered and investigated in efforts to harmonize all aspects of the total testing process. This study aimed to evaluate contamination and stability in copper (Cu) analysis of serum and urine by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and to compare the stability of urine Cu in controls and in D-penicillamine (D-PA) administration. Cu was measured by AAnalyst 400, Perkin Elmer, USA. Blood was collected in BD Vacutainer®SSTTM II Advance tubes and BD Vacutainer® Trace Element tubes. Sterile polyethylene and polypropylene vessels for collection, transportation, storage and preliminary preparation of samples were used in urinalysis. Stability in serum and 24 h urine was evaluated in two temperature regimens: 15-25°C and 2-8°C, for particular time of storage. No significant differences (p = 0.20) in Cu concentration was found between the two types of tested tubes with patient`s sera. The stability of the samples (serum and urine) was better at refrigeration temperature. In urine the stability was better in D-PA administration.Standardization of Cu analysis could be achieved by assessing the aspects of pre-analytical factors of variations.
Prevalence and Perceptions Toward Anabolicandrogenic Steroid Use Amongst University Students
Authors: Kargarfard M. , Shariat A. , Lam E. , Shaw B. , Shaw I. , Shariat A. , Nayyeri Fereshteh 
Published: November 2015

Summary
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are highly sought-after in order to achieve muscle growth and better physical attributes. The study was conducted to measure the prevalence and attitudes towards the use of AASs among university students. 1008 male students from Isfahan University, Iran, between the ages of 18 and 25 years (23.3 ± 1.2 years) completed a questionnaire that investigated participation in bodybuilding, level of sport competition, participation in sports and recreational activities, AASs use, prevalence, knowledge among users, attitudes, as well as intent to continue using AASs in the future. 8% of respondents had used AASs and 6% currently use AASs. 71% of users believed using only a small amount of AASs or using AASs with anti-toxic drugs would not result in any harm, 10% indicated that AASs were harmless and 19% admitted to taking AASs despite knowing the adverse effects. 33% of respondents believed that they needed to use AASs to ensure athletic success and 26% believed that athletes should be allowed to use AASs without consequence. The prevalent use of AASs is a public health concern which implies that educational programmes at university level are needed to educate students about the adverse effects of AASs use
A Review on Motion Correction Methods in Pet/Ct Images for Detection of Cancer Cells
Authors: Nayyeri F. 
Published: November 2015

Summary
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is an important cancer imaging tool, both for diagnosing and staging, as well as offering predictive information based on response. PET is a nuclear medicine imaging technique which produces a three-dimensional image of functional processes in the body. While PET is commonly used to detect the tumors, especially in breast, colon, lung and for lymphoma, as well in the last decade it is verified as considerably more accurate than Computed Tomography (CT) in the distinction between benign and malignant lesions. PET is not only more accurate than conventional imaging for the assessment of therapy response, but also it is useful to detect some viable tumor cells after treatment. However, motion is a source of artifacts in the medical imaging and results in reducing the quantitative and qualitative accuracy of the image. In general during the procedure of PET scanning, a few types of motion can occur that should be corrected and compensated. Different body motions are classified as brain motion, cardiac motion and respiratory motion. In this study, some of the most important motion correction and compensation methods using PET imaging system are compared.
Cultivating Desmodesmus armatus (Chod.) Hegew. in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) waste water
Authors: Cheban Larisa , Malischuk Irina , Marchenko Mykhailo 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The possibility of using RAS waste water as a cultivation medium for Desmodesmus armatus (Chod.) Hegew. was investigated. Algal biomass increased continuously reaching its maximum on the day 40 of cultivation. D. armatus culture was characterized by a maximum content of total proteins of 23% on day 40 of cultivation. At the same time, 17 proteinogenic amino acids, including 9 replaceable and 8 essential acids, were detected and identified in D. armatus biomass. Among these amino acids, maximum contents of asparagine and glutamine were noted. A gradual increase in the number of total photosynthetic pigments until day 40 of cultivation was also observed. On day 40, the content of chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids in D. armatus cells was maximal at 11.17, 7.07, and 12.05 mg g-1 dry weight, respectively. Therefore, cultivating microalgae D. armatus in RAS waste water permits obtaining an active growing culture that is characterized by a constant increase of biomass and high nutrient contents.
Reproductive biology of Caspian vimba, Vimba vimba (L.), in the coastal waters of the southwestern Caspian Sea
Authors: J. Imanpour Namin F. Tari , Shahram Abdolmalaki , Hadavi M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The reproduction biology of Caspian vimba, Vimba vimba (L.), was investigated on the southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea using 712 fish specimens collected at three fisheries catch stations located in Talesh, Anzali, and Kiashahr over a two-year period from April 2012 through June 2013. Seasonal changes in the gonadosomatic index, gonad histological status, size frequency distribution of oocytes, and the fecundity of the species were studied. The peaks of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) were observed both in females and males in June 2012 and May 2013 indicating the variable peak spawning time of this species. Histological examinations and oocyte frequency distribution patterns showed synchronous oocyte development in the Caspian vimba. Absolute fecundity ranged from 5873 to 35421 eggs. The size at first maturity for females was 120 mm FL. We concluded that the Caspian vimba is a total spawner with variable spawning dependent on environmental factors.
Anatomical characteristics of two Ornithogalum L. (Hyacinthaceae) taxa from Serbia and Hungary and their taxonomic implication
Authors: Andrić Andrijana M. , Rat Milica M. , Zorić Lana N. , Luković Jadranka Ž. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Anatomical characters of two morphologically similar Ornithogalum taxa, O. umbellatum and O. divergens, were investigated. An analysis of leaf and scapus cross-sections was performed on plants from ten populations from Serbia and Hungary, using light microscopy. The aim of this research was to give data about the qualitative and quantitative anatomical characteristics of these taxa, in order to evaluate their taxonomic significance and single out distinctive anatomical features, as well as to contribute to the knowledge of the genus Ornithogalum in the studied region. On the basis of the variability of anatomical characters, similar populations formed two clusters, joining the plants previously determined as O. divergens and O. umbellatum. The two taxa significantly differed for most of the quantitative leaf and scapus characters. Since only quantitative differences were recorded in this research, anatomical characters could not be solely used to separate these two taxa. However, the results of anatomical investigations are consistent with the results of previous morphological and genetic analyses; therefore anatomical parameters could be useful as additional taxonomic characters.
Alyssum desertorum Stapf (Brassicaceae), new for the Italian flora
Authors: Bartolucci Fabrizio , Conti Fabio 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe occurrence of Alyssum desertorum, a species belonging to A. sect. Alyssum, is reported for the first time in Italy. It was found in Abruzzo (central Italy) in the territory of National Park of Gran Sasso and Laga mountains and surrounding areas. Morphological similarities with the other taxa recorded in Italy belonging to A. sect. Alyssum are briefly discussed. Information about the typification of the name, habitat, phenology and distribution in Italy are also provided.
Modeling Workflow Systems Constrained by Inputs and Outputs − An Approach Based on Petri Nets
Authors: Zheng Changyou , Yao Yi , Huang Song , Ren Zhengping 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Workflow systems are widely used in our daily life so that the validity, dependability and security with which they need to be assured are important. However, existing researches mainly focus on correctness validation, performance analysis and assignment scheduling, but the testing methods have been seldom suited. In this paper a formalized definition of workflows constrained by an input and output is presented, and based on that, a Petri Net-based model (I/O_WF_Net) is proposed. In I/O_WF_Net, the activities of the workflow can be modeled as transitions of a Petri Net, and the inputs and outputs of an activity can be modeled as places. After the modeling method for I/O constrained workflow net into the I/O_WF_Net model is described, the corresponding transforming algorithm and its simplifying method are given.
High-Order Markov Random Fields and Their Applications in Cross-Language Speech Recognition
Authors: Zhipeng Jiang , Chengwei Huang 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this paper we study the cross-language speech emotion recognition using high-order Markov random fields, especially the application in Vietnamese speech emotion recognition. First, we extract the basic speech features including pitch frequency, formant frequency and short-term intensity. Based on the low level descriptor we further construct the statistic features including maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation. Second, we adopt the high-order Markov random fields (MRF) to optimize the cross-language speech emotion model. The dimensional restrictions may be modeled by MRF. Third, based on the Vietnamese and Chinese database we analyze the efficiency of our emotion recognition system. We adopt the dimensional emotion model (arousal-valence) to verify the efficiency of MRF configuration method. The experimental results show that the high-order Markov random fields can improve the dimensional emotion recognition in the cross-language experiments, and the configuration method shows promising robustness over different languages.