bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for the standardization of bone marrow disease assessment and reporting in children with neuroblastoma on behalf of the International Neuroblastoma Response Criteria Bone Marrow Working Group
Authors: Burchill Susan A. , Beiske Klaus , Shimada Hiroyuki , Ambros Peter F. , Seeger Robert , Tytgat Godelieve A.M. , Brock Penelope R. , Haber Michelle , Park Julie R. , Berthold Frank 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to expedite international standardized reporting of bone marrow disease in children with neuroblastoma and to improve equivalence of care.METHODSA multidisciplinary International Neuroblastoma Response Criteria Bone Marrow Working Group was convened by the US National Cancer Institute in January 2012 with representation from Europe, North America, and Australia. Practical transferable recommendations to standardize the reporting of bone marrow disease were developed.RESULTSTo the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first to comprehensively present consensus criteria for the collection, analysis, and reporting of the percentage area of bone marrow parenchyma occupied by tumor cells in trephine‐biopsies. The quantitative analysis of neuroblastoma content in bone marrow aspirates by immunocytology and reverse transcriptase‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction are revised. The inclusion of paired‐like homeobox 2b (PHOX2B) for immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction is recommended. Recommendations for recording bone marrow response are provided. The authors endorse the quantitative assessment of neuroblastoma cell content in bilateral core needle biopsies‐trephines and aspirates in all children with neuroblastoma, with the exception of infants, in whom the evaluation of aspirates alone is advised. It is interesting to note that 5% disease is accepted as an internationally achievable level for disease assessment.CONCLUSIONSThe quantitative assessment of neuroblastoma cells is recommended to provide data from which evidence‐based numerical criteria for the reporting of bone marrow response can be realized. This is particularly important in the minimal disease setting and when neuroblastoma detection in bone marrow is intermittent, where clinical impact has yet to be validated. The wide adoption of these harmonized criteria will enhance the ability to compare outcomes from different trials and facilitate collaborative trial design. Cancer 2017;123:1095–1105. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
No impact of breast magnetic resonance imaging on 15‐year outcomes in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ or early‐stage invasive breast cancer managed with breast conservation therapy
Authors: Vapiwala Neha , Hwang Wei‐Ting , Kushner Carolyn J. , Schnall Mitchell D. , Freedman Gary M. , Solin Lawrence J. 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUNDFor women undergoing breast conservation therapy (BCT), the added value of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the time of initial diagnosis remains controversial. The current study was performed to determine long‐term outcomes after BCT for women with and without pretreatment breast MRI.METHODSBetween 1992 and 2001, a total of 755 women with ductal carcinoma in situ or early‐stage invasive breast cancer underwent breast‐conserving surgery (with axillary lymph node staging for invasive carcinoma) followed by definitive breast radiotherapy. Evaluation at the time of the initial diagnosis included conventional mammography in all subjects and breast MRI in 215 women (28%). Clinical, pathologic, and treatment characteristics were comparable for patients with and without breast MRI. Outcomes were determined using the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared using the log‐rank method.RESULTSAt a median follow‐up of 13.8 years, there were 49 local failures (15 women with and 34 women without breast MRI, respectively). The 15‐year local failure rates were 8% for women with and 8% for women without MRI (P = .59). There also were no differences noted between women with and without breast MRI with regard to 15‐year rates of overall survival (77% vs 71%;P = .24), freedom from distant metastases (86% vs 90%;P = .08), and contralateral breast cancer (10% vs 8%;P = .10). Multivariate analysis demonstrated no significant impact of breast MRI on local failure (P = .96).CONCLUSIONSBreast MRI during the initial evaluation for BCT appears to have no significant impact on 15‐year rates for local control, overall survival, freedom from distant metastases, or contralateral breast cancer. The routine use of pretreatment breast MRI is not indicated for patients undergoing BCT.Cancer2017;123:1324–1332.©2016 American Cancer Society.
Lipidic Cubic‐Phase Nanoparticles—Cubosomes for Efficient Drug Delivery to Cancer Cells
Authors: Nazaruk Ewa , Majkowska‐Pilip Agnieszka , Bilewicz Renata 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSelf‐assembled lipid liquid‐crystalline nanoparticles, known as cubosomes, were used for the delivery of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). Several properties make cubosomes a promising alternative in the development of controlled‐release systems for drug delivery. They have a larger internal surface area than other carriers, hence deliver more drug molecules to the affected cells and maintain the cubic symmetry of the parent lipidic cubic phase, but at the same time they have a lower viscosity thereby facilitating transport of the drug. The pH‐dependent drug release profiles, evaluated by voltammetry, demonstrated triggered drug release from the cubosome carrier to the environment of the cancer cells, where pH is lower. The anticancer effect of a DOX‐loaded cubosome on the glioblastoma T98G cell line was found to be highly efficient and required lower concentrations of DOX to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells than the effective concentrations of free DOX.
Resource allocation in heterogeneous cooperative cognitive radio networks
Authors: Awoyemi Babatunde S. , Maharaj Bodhaswar T. , Alfa Attahiru S. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIn cognitive radio networks (CRNs), resources available for use are usually very limited. This is generally because of the tight constraints by which the CRN operate. Of all the constraints, the most critical one is the level of permissible interference to the primary users. Attempts to mitigate the limiting effects of this constraint, thus achieving higher productivity, are a current research focus, and in this work cooperative diversity is investigated as a promising solution. Cooperative diversity has the capability to achieve diversity gain for wireless networks. In the work, therefore, the possibility of and mechanism for achieving greater utility for the CRN when cooperative diversity is incorporated are studied. To accomplish this, a resource allocation model is developed and analyzed for the heterogeneous, cooperative CRN. In the model, during cooperation, a best relay is selected to assist the secondary users that have poor channel conditions. Overall, the cooperation makes it feasible for virtually all the secondary users to improve their transmission rates while still causing minimal harm to the primary users. The results show a marked improvement in the resource allocation performance of the CRN when cooperation is used in contrast to when the CRN operates only by direct communication.
The Antinociceptive Effect of a Tapentadol‐Ketorolac Combination in a Mouse Model of Trigeminal Pain is Mediated by Opioid Receptors and ATP‐Sensitive K+ Channels
Authors: Barreras‐Espinoza Israel , Soto‐Zambrano José Alberto , Serafín‐Higuera Nicolás , Zapata‐Morales Ramón , Alonso‐Castro Ángel , Bologna‐Molina Ronell , Granados‐Soto Vinicio , Isiordia‐Espinoza Mario A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antinoceptive interaction between the opioid analgesic, tapentadol, and the NSAID, ketorolac, in the mouse orofacial formalin test. Tapentadol or ketorolac were administered ip 15 min before orofacial formalin injection. The effect of the individual drugs was used to calculate their ED50 values and different proportions (tapentadol‐ketorolac in 1:1, 3:1, and 1:3) were assayed in the orofacial test using isobolographic analysis and interaction index to evaluate the interaction between the drugs. The combination showed antinociceptive synergistic and additive effects in the first and second phase of the orofacial formalin test. Naloxone and glibenclamide were used to evaluate the possible mechanisms of action and both partially reversed the antinociception produced by the tapentadol‐ketorolac combination. These data suggest that the mixture of tapentadol and ketorolac produces additive or synergistic interactions via opioid receptors and ATP‐sensitive K+ channels in the orofacial formalin‐induced nociception model in mice. Drug Dev Res 78 : 63–70, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neural mechanisms of attention become more specialised during infancy: Insights from combined eye tracking and EEG
Authors: Kulke Louisa , Atkinson Janette , Braddick Oliver 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Fixation Shift Paradigm (FSP) measures infants’ ability to shift gaze from a central fixation stimulus to a peripheral target (e.g. Hood & Atkinson, 1993: Infant Behavior and Development, 16(4), 405–422). Cortical maturation has been suggested as crucial for the developing ability to shift attention. This study investigated the development of neural mechanisms by combining EEG with simultaneous eye tracking during FSP testing, in typically developing infants aged between 1 and 8 months. The most prominent neural response was a frontal positivity which occurred only in the hemisphere contralateral to the target in the youngest infants but became more ipsilateral with age. This changing lateralisation was associated with improving ability to shift attention (decreasing saccade latencies and fewer ‘sticky fixations’—failures to disengage attention from the central target). These findings suggest that the lateralisation of neural responses develops during infancy, possibly due to developing intracortical connections, allowing infants to shift attention more efficiently.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Successful use of combined simultaneous remote eye tracking and EEG to measure infant attention shifts.
Neural responses involved in attention shifts change in the first year of life.
The lateralisation of EEG responses changes with age in the first year of life.
Frontal cortex is involved in attention shifts from around 2 months of age.
Assessing the ecosystem‐level consequences of a small‐scale artisanal kelp fishery within the context of climate‐change
Authors: Krumhansl Kira A. , Bergman Jordanna N. , Salomon Anne K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCoastal communities worldwide rely on small‐scale artisanal fisheries as a means of increasing food security and alleviating poverty. Even small‐scale fishing activities, however, are prone to resource depletion and environmental degradation, which can erode livelihoods in the long run. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify viable and resilient artisanal fisheries, and generate knowledge to support management within the context of a rapidly changing climate. We examined the ecosystem‐level consequences of an artisanal kelp fishery (Macrocystis pyrifera), finding small‐scale harvest of this highly productive species poses minimal impacts on kelp recovery rates, survival, and biomass dynamics, and abundances of associated commercial and culturally important fish species. These results suggest that small‐scale harvest poses minimal trade‐offs for the other economic benefits provided by these ecosystems, and their inherent, spiritual, and cultural value to humans. However, we detected a negative impact of warmer seawater temperatures on kelp recovery rates following harvest, indicating that the viability of harvest, even at small scales, may be threatened by future increases in global ocean temperature. This suggests that negative impacts of artisanal fisheries may be more likely to arise in the context of a warming climate, further highlighting the widespread effects of global climate change on coastal fisheries and livelihoods.
Disordered eating in ethnic minority adolescents with overweight
Authors: Rodgers Rachel F. , Watts Allison W. , Austin S. Bryn , Haines Jess , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHigh rates of disordered eating exist among adolescents with overweight and among ethnic/racial minority adolescents. Given the lack of research examining how eating disorder risk is moderated by both overweight and ethnicity/race, this study aimed to explore interactions between ethnicity/race and overweight status on disordered eating behaviors in a population‐based adolescent sample.Cross‐sectional data from adolescents (n = 2,271; 52% females) of White (23%), Black (34%), Hispanic (20%), and Asian (23%; 82% Hmong) ethnicity/race participating in the EAT 2010 study were used to examine associations between overweight status and disordered eating behaviors across ethnic/racial groups.Disordered eating behaviors occurred more frequently among adolescents with overweight compared with those without overweight across all ethnic/racial groups. Although some differences in the prevalence of disordered eating were found by ethnicity/race, particularly in girls, no consistent patterns of interaction emerged. Overweight White and Hispanic girls reported the highest risk for dieting, while the highest risk for unhealthy weight control behaviors was among overweight Black girls, and for overeating among overweight White and Asian girls.Within a society in which thinness is highly valued and being overweight is stigmatized, across diverse cultural groups, adolescents with overweight are at risk for disordered eating.
Spatial and temporal avoidance of risk within a large carnivore guild
Authors: Dröge Egil , Creel Scott , Becker Matthew S. , M'soka Jassiel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWithin a large carnivore guild, subordinate competitors (African wild dog,Lycaon pictus, and cheetah,Acinonyx jubatus) might reduce the limiting effects of dominant competitors (lion,Panthera leo, and spotted hyena,Crocuta crocuta) by avoiding them in space, in time, or through patterns of prey selection. Understanding how these competitors cope with one other can inform strategies for their conservation. We tested how mechanisms of niche partitioning promote coexistence by quantifying patterns of prey selection and the use of space and time by all members of the large carnivore guild within Liuwa Plain National Park in western Zambia. Lions and hyenas specialized on wildebeest, whereas wild dogs and cheetahs selected broader diets including smaller and less abundant prey. Spatially, cheetahs showed no detectable avoidance of areas heavily used by dominant competitors, but wild dogs avoided areas heavily used by lions. Temporally, the proportion of kills by lions and hyenas did not detectably differ across four time periods (day, crepuscular, early night, and late night), but wild dogs and especially cheetahs concentrated on time windows that avoided nighttime hunting by lions and hyenas. Our results provide new insight into the conditions under which partitioning may not allow for coexistence for one subordinate species, the African wild dog, while it does for cheetah. Because of differences in responses to dominant competitors, African wild dogs may be more prone to competitive exclusion (local extirpation), particularly in open, uniform ecosystems with simple (often wildebeest dominated) prey communities, where spatial avoidance is difficult.
The effects of catchment and riparian forest quality on stream environmental conditions across a tropical rainforest and oil palm landscape in Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Luke Sarah H. , Barclay Holly , Bidin Kawi , Chey Vun Khen , Ewers Robert M. , Foster William A. , Nainar Anand , Pfeifer Marion , Reynolds Glen , Turner Edgar C. , Walsh Rory P. D. , Aldridge David C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFreshwaters provide valuable habitat and important ecosystem services but are threatened worldwide by habitat loss and degradation. In Southeast Asia, rainforest streams are particularly threatened by logging and conversion to oil palm, but we lack information on the impacts of this on freshwater environmental conditions, and the relative importance of catchment versus riparian‐scale disturbance. We studied 16 streams in Sabah, Borneo, including old‐growth forest, logged forest, and oil palm sites. We assessed forest quality in riparian zones and across the whole catchment and compared it with stream environmental conditions including water quality, structural complexity, and organic inputs. We found that streams with the highest riparian forest quality were nearly 4 °C cooler, over 20 cm deeper, had over 40% less sand, greater canopy cover, more stored leaf litter, and wider channels than oil palm streams with the lowest riparian forest quality. Other variables were significantly related to catchment‐scale forest quality, with streams in the highest quality forest catchments having 40% more bedrock and 20 times more dead wood, along with higher phosphorus, and lower nitrate‐N levels compared to streams with the lowest catchment‐scale forest quality. Although riparian buffer strips went some way to protecting waterways, they did not maintain fully forest‐like stream conditions. In addition, logged forest streams still showed signs of disturbance 10–15 years after selective logging. Our results suggest that maintenance and restoration of buffer strips can help to protect healthy freshwater ecosystems but logging practices and catchment‐scale forest management also need to be considered.
Long‐term structural and biomass dynamics of virgin Tsuga canadensis–Pinus strobus forests after hurricane disturbance
Authors: D'Amato Anthony W. , Orwig David A. , Foster David R. , Barker Plotkin Audrey , Schoonmaker Peter K. , Wagner Maggie R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe development of old‐growth forests in northeastern North America has largely been within the context of gap‐scale disturbances given the rarity of stand‐replacing disturbances. Using the 10‐ha old‐growth Harvard Tract and its associated 90‐year history of measurements, including detailed surveys in 1989 and 2009, we document the long‐term structural and biomass development of an old‐growth Tsuga canadensis–Pinus strobus forest in southern New Hampshire, USA following a stand‐replacing hurricane in 1938. Measurements of aboveground biomass pools were integrated with data from second‐ and old‐growth T. canadensis forests to evaluate long‐term patterns in biomass development following this disturbance. Ecosystem structure across the Tract prior to the hurricane exhibited a high degree of spatial heterogeneity with the greatest levels of live tree basal area (70–129 m2/ha) on upper west‐facing slopes where P. strobus was dominant and intermixed with T. canadensis. Live‐tree biomass estimates for these stratified mixtures ranged from 159 to 503 Mg/ha at the localized, plot scale (100 m2) and averaged 367 Mg/ha across these portions of the landscape approaching the upper bounds for eastern forests. Live‐tree biomass 71 years after the hurricane is more uniform and lower in magnitude, with T. canadensis currently the dominant overstory tree species throughout much of the landscape. Despite only one living P. strobus stem in the 2009 plots (and fewer than five stems known across the entire 10‐ha area), the detrital legacy of this species is pronounced with localized accumulations of coarse woody debris exceeding 237.7–404.2 m3/ha where this species once dominated the canopy. These patterns underscore the great sizes P. strobus attained in pre‐European landscapes and its great decay resistance relative to its forest associates. Total aboveground biomass pools in this 71‐year‐old forest (255 Mg/ha) are comparable to those in modern old‐growth ecosystems in the region that also lack abundant white pine. Results highlight the importance of disturbance legacies in affecting forest structural conditions over extended periods following stand‐replacing events and underscore that post‐disturbance salvage logging can alter ecosystem development for decades. Moreover, the dominant role of old‐growth P. strobus in live and detrital biomass pools before and after the hurricane, respectively, demonstrate the disproportionate influence this species likely had on carbon storage at localized scales prior to the widespread, selective harvesting of large P. strobus across the region in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Sources of variation in foliar secondary chemistry in a tropical forest tree community
Authors: Sedio Brian E. , Rojas Echeverri Juan C. , Boya P. Cristopher A. , Wright S. Joseph 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSpecialist herbivores and pathogens could induce negative conspecific density dependence among their hosts and thereby contribute to the diversity of plant communities. A small number of hyperdiverse genera comprise a large portion of tree diversity in tropical forests. These closely related congeners are likely to share natural enemies. Diverse defenses could still allow congeners to partition niche space defined by natural enemies, but interspecific differences in defenses would have to exceed intraspecific variation in defenses. We ask whether interspecific variation in secondary chemistry exceeds intraspecific variation for species from four hyperdiverse tropical tree genera. We used novel methods to quantify chemical structural similarity for all compounds present in methanol extracts of leaf tissue. We sought to maximize intraspecific variation by selecting conspecific leaves from different ontogenetic stages (expanding immature vs. fully hardened mature), different light environments (deep understory shade vs. large forest gaps), and different seasons (dry vs. wet). Chemical structural similarity differed with ontogeny, light environment, and season, but interspecific differences including those among congeneric species were much larger. Our results suggest that species differences in secondary chemistry are large relative to within‐species variation, perhaps sufficiently large to permit niche segregation among congeneric tree species based on chemical defenses.