bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate impact of alternative organic fertilizers using life cycle assessment
Authors: Meng Xiaoyi , Knudsen Marie Trydeman , Petersen Søren O , Møller Henrik B , Hashemi Fatemeh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is a common method for managing liquid manure and other biomasses, generating biogas as a renewable energy source. The resulting digestate can be processed into organic fertilizers to enhance nutrient recycling, but its environmental impact warrants investigation. In this study, a life cycle assessment was conducted to examine the impact of fertilizers derived from cattle slurry and grass–clover co-digestion on global warming (measured in CO2 equivalents) compared to untreated cattle slurry (CA). The different treatments analyzed include CA, digestate, liquid fractions (LFs) from digestate separation, and an enriched liquid nitrogen–sulfur product derived from post-processing of biogas and drying of the solid fraction. The functional units of this study were 100 kg of total nitrogen in the final organic fertilizer (FU1) with the cradle-to-processing gate boundary, and the harvesting of 1 ton of spring barley dry matter (FU2) with the cradle-to-field application boundary. The carbon footprint ranged from 24% to 49% of the baseline scenario for FU1, and from −6% to 177% of the baseline scenario for FU2. The main contributors to the carbon footprint of fertilizers included greenhouse gas emissions from storage and field application. However, biogas production from anaerobic digestion, together with the concurrent mitigation of CH4 emissions during storage, contributed most to a reduction in the overall global warming potential associated with anaerobic digestate and its LF. This study showed large climate prospects in replacing untreated slurry as organic fertilizer with alternatives resulting from its anaerobic digestion and post-treatment.
Geometric representations of braid and Yang–Baxter gates
Authors: Zhang Kun , Hao Kun , Yu Kwangmin , Korepin Vladimir , Yang Wen-Li 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Brick-wall circuits composed of the Yang–Baxter gates are integrable. It becomes an important tool to study the quantum many-body system out of equilibrium. To put the Yang–Baxter gate on quantum computers, it has to be decomposed into the native gates of quantum computers. It is favorable to apply the least number of native two-qubit gates to construct the Yang–Baxter gate. We study the geometric representations of all X-type braid gates and their corresponding Yang–Baxter gates via the Yang–Baxterization. We find that the braid and Yang–Baxter gates can only exist on certain edges and faces of the two-qubit tetrahedron. We identify the parameters by which the braid and Yang–Baxter gates are the Clifford gate, the matchgate, and the dual-unitary gate. The geometric representations provide the optimal decompositions of the braid and Yang–Baxter gates in terms of other two-qubit gates. We also find that the entangling powers of the Yang–Baxter gates are determined by the spectral parameters. Our results provide the necessary conditions to construct the braid and Yang–Baxter gates on quantum computers.
Generation and tuning of notched bands in wideband THz antennas using graphene/metal strips
Authors: Ali Mohd Farman , Sahu Shitij , Singh Ravinder , Varshney Gaurav 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A technique is implemented for obtaining tunable band notch/filtering features in terahertz (THz) monopole wideband antennas. A parasitic metal strip is engraved in the antenna radiator, which creates the band notch characteristics in the wideband response. The tunability of the created notched band can be obtained by engraving a non-resonant U-shaped graphene strip in the radiator. The change in the material properties of the graphene strip alters the nature of field confinement in the antenna structure, enabling tunability in the filtering frequency band. Moreover, multiple notch bands can be obtained by carefully selecting the material of the parasitic element U-shaped graphene strip. Thus, the antenna response can be configured for dual- and triple- band filtering operation by varying the materials used for the strips to obtain band notch operation and a U-shaped graphene sheet.
Study on discharge characteristics of low-temperature sub-atmospheric pressure under steep change rate voltage
Authors: ZHU 朱 Bo 博 , HAN 韩 Ximu 稀木 , SU 苏 He 贺 , MA 马 Xiangjie 祥杰 , WU 吴 Guoyan 国延 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the gas discharge problem in electric aircraft, this work studies the gas discharge characteristics at low-temperature sub-atmospheric pressure. A gas discharge shooting platform was built, and the discharge process was photographed by intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD). A two-dimensional axisymmetric model of needle-plate electrode gas discharge was established, and three sets of Helmholtz equations were used to solve the photoionization. The results show that under the same voltage, the electric field intensity in the discharge process increases first, then decreases and finally increases again. The discharge speed increases with the increase of altitude, and the electron density in the streamer decreases with the increase of altitude. The development speed of the streamer in the middle stage is higher than that in the early stage, and the speed increases more obviously with the increase of altitude. The development speed of the streamer in the later stage is lower than that in the middle stage, but with the increase of altitude, the development speed of the streamer in the later stage is higher than that in the middle stage.
A method for evaluating the visual quality of wetland park landscapes: a case study of qianlu lake wetland park in Wuping, China
Authors: Lyu Mei , Lin Junjie , Zhou Fujian , Niu Jianing , Sun Dong , Meng Yumeng , Ji Xiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Wetland parks are an important part of urban ecosystems, characterized by artificial and natural features. While providing outdoor recreational space for urban residents, the aesthetics of the landscape also affect residents’ willingness to visit the wetland park. Previous studies of wetland parks focused on the ecological benefit. However, fewer systematic studies analyzed the aesthetic qualities and influencing elements of wetland parks. In this study, the Wuping Qianlu Lake Wetland Park in Fujian Province, China was used to evaluate the landscape visual quality of the wetland park using the the Scenic Beauty Estimation method (SBE), and the landscape features of the wetland park were obtained through the Semantic Differential (SD) method and semantic segmentation technique. The regression model of landscape visual quality and landscape features in wetland parks was established using SBE values as the dependent variable, and 23 landscape features as independent variables. The SBE values and accessibility were also combined to create four quadrants, which were combined with K-means clustering to diagnose existing problems. The results of the study showed that two landscape features, approach and proportion of water area were weaker among the four types of wetland park landscapes. The SBE values of the man-made landscape type were the most significant. Meanwhile, the high enclosure landscape type had a significant sense of rusticity, accentuating the wildness of the plants. It was less aesthetically pleasing and had the poorest landscape visual quality of the four types. This study provides a systematic method for diagnosing landscape problems in wetland parks, evaluating landscape visual quality assessment, and providing theoretical and technical support for urban wetland park renewal and construction.
Dual-gate AlGaN channel HEMTs: advancements in E-mode performance with N-shaped graded composite barriers
Authors: Hidayat Wagma , Usman Muhammad , Shakir Syeda Wageeha , Anum  , Ali Shazma 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This work evaluates the performance of dual gate AlGaN channel HEMTs on SiC substrate. The study analyzes two HEMT structures that differ only in barrier design, one design consists of fixed composite barriers (FCB-HEMT) i.e. there is fixed Aluminum composition x = 0.48 in the first Al
x
Ga1−x
N barrier and x = 0.42 in the second Al
x
Ga1−xN barrier while the other design comprises N-shaped graded composite barriers (NGCB-HEMT) i.e. the Aluminum content varies gradually from 0.4 to 0.48 in the first AlGaN barrier and from 0.34 to 0.42 in the second AlGaN barrier. The paper concentrates on energy band diagrams, electron concentration profile, electric field distribution, drain and transfer characteristics, and the effects of high temperature on drain characteristics and mobility of the NGCB-HEMT. It has been reported that at zero gate bias, the FCB-HEMT has a drain current density of 0.137 A mm−1 while it decreases to 0.0058 A mm−1 in the case of NGCB-HEMT, thus presenting a novel approach towards enhancement-mode AlGaN HEMTs. Hence, grading can be optimized in the composite barriers to achieve enhancement mode operation of AlGaN channel HEMTs. Furthermore, the study reveals that the critical electric field of FCB-HEMT is 6.9975 M V cm−1, while that of NGCB-HEMT is 5.3124 M V cm−1, demonstrating their usefulness in electronic devices that operate at high voltages and harsh temperatures. Moreover, at higher temperatures, the phenomenon of optical phonon scattering leads to decreased mobilities, which in turn causes low drain currents relative to the drain voltage.
Trusted microelectronics: reverse engineering chip die using U-Net convolutional network
Authors: Nyako Kwame , Dhakal Uttam , Li Frank , Borra Vamsi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the field of integrated circuits (IC) reverse engineering, accurate IC die image segmentation is critical for ensuring trust and detecting counterfeits. This study introduces a deep learning-based methodology utilizing a U-Net Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) tailored for IC image segmentation. Our model excels in processing complex IC images with noise, achieving superior segmentation accuracy. The model was evaluated on a dataset of 512 × 512 pixel IC die images, achieving a mean Intersection over Union (IoU) of 81.2%, which is a significant improvement over traditional image processing techniques that achieve an IoU around 65.3%. During training, the model’s Dice Loss showed a sharp decrease, as depicted in the provided graph, highlighting the model’s ability to effectively learn and refine segmentation boundaries. Simultaneously, the training accuracy, as illustrated in the accompanying accuracy graph, improved steadily, reaching approximately 60% but still rising. This convergence of Dice Loss and the upward trend in accuracy demonstrate the model’s robust performance across varying noise levels and its effectiveness in producing precise segmentation outputs. This work underscores the effectiveness of CNNs, particularly the U-Net architecture, in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of IC die image analysis, paving the way for improved IC manufacturing quality assurance.
Discovery of a common light chain bispecific antibody targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 by Hybridoma-to-Phage-to-Yeast (H2PtY) platform
Authors: Liu Peipei , Gu Chunyin , Cao Xiaodan , Zhang Huawei , Wang Zongda , Yang Yukun , OuYang KeDong , Zhen Yingying , Jia Fangfang , He Xianqing , Yu Haixiang , Deng Sujun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Therapeutic antibody drugs targeting the PD-1 pathway are generally characterized by relatively low response rates and susceptibility to drug resistance during clinical application. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies to increase the immune response rate. Bispecific antibodies co-targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 may have greater potential to improve the efficacy of the immune checkpoint pathway.

Method
In this study, we developed a potent humanized common light chain (CLC) IgG shape bispecific antibody (bsAb), named JMB2005, based on Hybridoma-to-Phage-to-Yeast platform. The platform allowed us to discover CLC bsAb from traditional mice for any pair of given targets.

Results
JMB2005 exhibited favorable developability, good manufacturing property, and satisfactory efficacy, which could be given via subcutaneous injection at the concentration of 120 mg/mL. Mechanistically, JMB2005 could bridge tumor cells and T cells with both Fab arms and promote T-cells to function as direct tumor cell killers. It could also promote T cell activation by blocking the binding of PD-L1 to CD80. Furthermore, JMB2005 has exhibited a favorable half-life and has demonstrated promising anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy in vivo.

Conclusion
Consequently, the present study showed that the novel humanized CLC bsAb JMB2005 may represent a novel therapeutic agent of great clinical potential.
Delayed endometrial preparation for the induction of luteolysis as a potential factor for improved reproductive performance in Angus beef heifers with high antral follicle counts
Authors: Kaps Martim , Quail Lacey K , Rosasco Shelby L , Snider Alexandria P , Zoca Saulo M , Epperson Kaitlin M , Rich Jerica J J , Miles Jeremy R , Crouse Matthew S , Keel Brittney N , Summers Adam F , Perry George A , Lents Clay A , Cushman Robert A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Antral follicle count (AFC) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations are reflective for ovarian reserve and have been associated with improved reproductive performance in cattle. Key events for regulation of uterine receptivity are orchestrated by progesterone. As progesterone concentrations are greater in animals with high than low AFC, we tested the hypothesis, if the resulting improved uterine environment will lead to improved conceptus elongation and endometrial response to interferon tau. For four years, 10 heifers with lowest and highest AFC, respectively, were selected from 120 heifers. Reproductive tracts and blood samples for progesterone and AMH analysis were collected after synchronization and insemination. For a recovered conceptus, length was determined, and interferon tau (IFNT) transcript abundance was analyzed. Endometrial transcript abundance of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) were analyzed. Progesterone concentrations did not differ between low and high AFC groups (P = 0.1). A difference in conceptus length was not observed. Endometrial abundance of ISG15 did not differ between pregnant low and high AFC heifers. Abundance of OXTR was greater in open low AFC than open high AFC heifers (P &lt; 0.01). Interaction of AMH and pregnancy status was determined, with greater AMH in pregnant than open high AFC heifers (P &lt; 0.05). Improved uterine environment in high vs. low AFC heifers did not result in longer conceptuses or improved endometrial response. As the increase in OXTR transcript abundance was only detected in low AFC heifers, reported differences in reproductive performance might be associated with earlier initiation of luteolysis.
A modular curriculum to teach undergraduates ecological forecasting improves student and instructor confidence in their data science skills
Authors: Lofton Mary E , Moore Tadhg N , Woelmer Whitney M , Thomas R Quinn , Carey Cayelan C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Data science skills (e.g., analyzing, modeling, and visualizing large data sets) are increasingly needed by undergraduates in the life sciences. However, a lack of both student and instructor confidence in data science skills presents a barrier to their inclusion in undergraduate curricula. To reduce this barrier, we developed four teaching modules in the Macrosystems EDDIE (for environmental data-driven inquiry and exploration) program to introduce undergraduate students and instructors to ecological forecasting, an emerging subdiscipline that integrates multiple data science skills. Ecological forecasting aims to improve natural resource management by providing future predictions of ecosystems with uncertainty. We assessed module efficacy with 596 students and 26 instructors over 3 years and found that module completion increased students’ confidence in their understanding of ecological forecasting and instructors’ likelihood to work with long-term, high-frequency sensor network data. Our modules constitute one of the first formalized data science curricula on ecological forecasting for undergraduates.
Ultrasound strain elastography to improve diagnostic performance of breast lesions by reclassifying BI-RADS 3 and 4a lesions: a multicentre diagnostic study
Authors: Gu Yang , Tian Jiawei , Ran Haitao , Ren Weidong , Chang Cai , Yuan Jianjun , Kang Chunsong , Deng Youbin , Wang Hui , Luo Baoming , Guo Shenglan , Zhou Qi , Xue Ensheng , Zhan Weiwei , Zhou Qing , Li Jie , Zhou Ping , Zhang Chunquan , Chen Man , Gu Ying , Xu Jinfeng , Chen Wu , Zhang Yuhong , Li Jianchu , Wang Hongyan , Jiang Yuxin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the added value of strain elastography (SE) by recategorizing ultrasound (US) breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) 3 and 4a lesions.

Methods
A total of 4371 patients underwent US and SE with BI-RADS 2-5 categories solid breast lesions were included from 32 hospitals. We evaluated the elastographic images according to elasticity scores (ES) and strain ratios (SR). Three combined methods (BI-RADS + ES, BI-RADS + SR, BI-RADS + ES + SR) and two reclassified methods were used (method one: upgrading BI-RADS 3 and downgrading BI-RADS 4a, method two: downgrading BI-RADS 4a alone). The diagnostic performance and the potential reduction of unnecessary biopsies were evaluated.

Results
Combining BI-RADS with SE had a higher area under the curve (AUC) than BI-RADS alone (0.822-0.898 vs 0.794, P &lt; .01). For reclassified method one, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 99.36%, 66.70%, 78.36% for BI-RADS + ES and 98.01%, 66.45%, 77.72% for BI-RADS + SR, and 99.42%, 66.70%, 78.38% for BI-RADS + ES + SR, respectively. For reclassified method two, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 99.17%, 70.72%, 80.87% for BI-RADS + ES and 97.76%, 81.75%, 87.46% for BI-RADS + SR, and 99.23%, 69.83%, 80.32% for BI-RADS + ES + SR, respectively. Downgrading BI-RADS 4a alone had higher AUC, specificity, and accuracy (P &lt; .01) and similar sensitivity (P &gt; .05) to upgrading BI-RADS 3 and downgrading BI-RADS 4a. Combining SE with BI-RADS could help reduce unnecessary biopsies by 17.64%-55.20%.

Conclusions
Combining BI-RADS with SE improved the diagnostic performance in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions and could decrease false-positive breast biopsy rates. Downgrading BI-RADS 4a lesions alone might be sufficient for achieving good diagnostic performance.

Advances in knowledge
Downgrading BI-RADS category 4a lesions alone had higher AUC, specificity, and accuracy, and similar sensitivity to upgrading or downgrading BI-RADS category 3 and 4a lesions.
Understanding services provided to children in DFV shelters: Exposing the ‘invisible’ work
Authors: Bastian Carmela , Wendt Sarah , Cunningham Tessa , Bromley Amy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study examines practice responses for children who reside in the context of domestic and family violence (DFV) shelters in Australia. DFV is a recognized form of child abuse and identified as such in child protection legislations, policies, and practice guidelines. The prevalence of children who experience DFV is unknown and underestimated. DFV shelters that provide crisis accommodation and case management services were traditionally established to respond to the needs of women and are therefore adult centred. Increasingly, practitioners employed in DFV shelters are also responding to the needs of children and young people; however, they are not resourced to do so. This qualitative study conducted in South Australia explores practice responses provided for children and young people while they are residing in a DFV shelter with their mothers. Data were extracted and analysed from the DFV shelter case files of seventeen women and their children using a co-designed data collection instrument. The findings provide insight into children’s experiences due to DFV. Practitioners in DFV shelters were found to be providing an array of services to children exposing this ‘invisible’ work. Understanding the complex needs and service provided to children have practice implications for the DFV sector.
Fear, learning, and the amygdala: a personal reflection in honor of Joseph LeDoux
Authors: LaBar Kevin S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In honor of Joseph LeDoux’s retirement from an illustrious career in science, I offer a personal reflection on how my graduate training experiences in his lab shaped my subsequent career trajectory and the development of my views on human amygdala function and the scientific enterprise. I discuss the values of openness to scientific exploration and of multi-methodological integration, both of which distinguished his laboratory over the years. I highlight the unique historical context in which the lab’s foundational discoveries on the emotional brain occurred and the importance of embracing new technologies to advance an understanding of brain–behavior relationships in affective neuroscience.
Optimizing the prediction of discard survival of bottom-trawled plaice based on vitality indicators
Authors: Uhlmann Sven Sebastian , Savina Esther , Karlsen Junita , Ampe Bart 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Predicting the discard survival of aquatic animals after fisheries capture using vitality indicators (i.e. individual scores or indices of physical condition) is a resource-efficient approach compared to estimating discard survival from captive observation. But such indicators do not always lead to accurate and robust predictions. Individual scores of reflex impairments and injuries are typically given the same weight when being aggregated into an index, while some reflexes or injuries may contribute to mortality more than others. This study established an analytical methodology and created an index based on differential contributions of individual reflexes and injuries to optimize the prediction of discard survival of bottom-trawled European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). The optimization procedures were applied to a dataset from vitality assessment of 1122 undersized plaice caught during 16 commercial fishing trips and 58 gear deployments in Belgium and Denmark. As welfare indicators, we considered and evaluated against post-capture survival of plaice: original vs. optimized reflex impairment and injury (R&I) index, number of absent reflexes, number of present injuries, number of absent reflexes and present injuries, categorical vitality score and individual reflex and injury scores. These were used in eight candidate generalized linear models (one without any vitality indicator) as explanatory variables to predict survival, with or without biological, environmental, technical and operational covariates, either at the individual fish or trip level. Bruising to the head and body were the most relevant predictors. The optimized R&I index did not perform better than any other vitality indicator, and all the indicators performed poorly in predicting survival probability both at the fish and trip levels without information on air exposure and seawater temperature. This means that they cannot be considered to be independent measures. The categorical vitality score provided a viable alternative to the more labour-intensive, scoring method of reflex responsiveness. Use of reflexes as proxies may not be accurate when they are not independent of environmental, biological or technical variables.