bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grayscale image recording on Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films through laser-induced structural evolution
Authors: Wei Tao , Wei Jingsong , Zhang Kui , Zhao Hongxia , Zhang Long 
Published: February 2017

AbstractChalcogenide Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films have been widely exploited as binary bit recording materials in optical and non-volatile electronic information storage, where the crystalline and amorphous states are marked as the information bits “0” and “1”, respectively. In this work, we demonstrate the use of Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films as multi-level grayscale image recording materials. High-resolution grayscale images are recorded on Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films through taking advantage of laser-induced structural evolution characteristic. Experimental results indicate that the change of laser energy results in the structural evolution of Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films. The structural evolution induces the difference of electronic polarizability and reflectivity, and high-resolution grayscale images are recorded on Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films through direct laser writing method, accordingly.
Military deployment correlates with smaller prefrontal gray matter volume and psychological symptoms in a subclinical population
Authors: Butler O , Adolf J , Gleich T , Willmund G , Zimmermann P , Lindenberger U , Gallinat J , Kühn S 
Published: February 2017

AbstractResearch investigating the effects of trauma exposure on brain structure and function in adults has mainly focused on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), whereas trauma-exposed individuals without a clinical diagnoses often serve as controls. However, this assumes a dichotomy between clinical and subclinical populations that may not be supported at the neural level. In the current study we investigate whether the effects of repeated or long-term stress exposure on brain structure in a subclinical sample are similar to previous PTSD neuroimaging findings. We assessed 27 combat trauma-exposed individuals by means of whole-brain voxel-based morphometry on 3 T magnetic resonance imaging scans and identified a negative association between duration of military deployment and gray matter volumes in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We also found a negative relationship between deployment-related gray matter volumes and psychological symptoms, but not between military deployment and psychological symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first whole-brain analysis showing that longer military deployment is associated with smaller regional brain volumes in combat-exposed individuals without PTSD. Notably, the observed gray matter associations resemble those previously identified in PTSD populations, and concern regions involved in emotional regulation and fear extinction. These findings question the current dichotomy between clinical and subclinical populations in PTSD neuroimaging research. Instead, neural correlates of both stress exposure and PTSD symptomatology may be more meaningfully investigated at a continuous level.
Rare damaging variants in DNA repair and cell cycle pathways are associated with hippocampal and cognitive dysfunction: a combined genetic imaging study in first-episode treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Yang Z , Li M , Hu X , Xiang B , Deng W , Wang Q , Wang Y , Zhao L , Ma X , Sham P C , Northoff G , Li T 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSchizophrenia is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder where changes in both hippocampus and memory-related cognitive functions are central. However, the exact relationship between neurodevelopmental-genetic factors and hippocampal-cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. The general aim of our study is to link the occurrence of rare damaging mutations involved in susceptibility gene pathways to the structure and function of hippocampus in order to define genetically and phenotypically based subgroups in schizophrenia. In the present study, by analyzing the exome sequencing and magnetic resonance imaging data in 94 first-episode treatment-naive schizophrenia patients and 134 normal controls, we identified that a cluster of rare damaging variants (RDVs) enriched in DNA repair and cell cycle pathways was present only in a subgroup including 39 schizophrenic patients. Furthermore, we found that schizophrenic patients with this RDVs show increased resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between left hippocampus (especially for left dentate gyrus) and left inferior parietal cortex, as well as decreased rsFC between left hippocampus and cerebellum. Moreover, abnormal rsFC was related to the deficits of spatial working memory (SWM; that is known to recruit the hippocampus) in patients with the RDVs. Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that damaging rare variants of genes in DNA repair and cell cycle pathways are associated with aberrant hippocampal rsFC, which was further relative to cognitive deficits in first-episode treatment-naive schizophrenia. Therefore, our data provide some evidence for the occurrence of phenotypic alterations in hippocampal and SWM function in a genetically defined subgroup of schizophrenia.
BDNF val66met association with serotonin transporter binding in healthy humans
Authors: Fisher P M , Ozenne B , Svarer C , Adamsen D , Lehel S , Baaré W F C , Jensen P S , Knudsen G M 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is a key feature of the serotonin system, which is involved in behavior, cognition and personality and implicated in neuropsychiatric illnesses including depression. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) val66met and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms have predicted differences in 5-HTT levels in humans but with equivocal results, possibly due to limited sample sizes. Within the current study we evaluated these genetic predictors of 5-HTT binding with [11C]DASB positron emission tomography (PET) in a comparatively large cohort of 144 healthy individuals. We used a latent variable model to determine genetic effects on a latent variable (5-HTTLV), reflecting shared correlation across regional 5-HTT binding (amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, midbrain, neocortex, putamen and thalamus). Our data supported a significant BDNF val66met effect on 5-HTTLV such that met-carriers showed 2–7% higher subcortical 5-HTT binding compared with val/val individuals (P=0.042). Our data did not support a BDNF val66met effect in neocortex and 5-HTTLPR did not significantly predict 5-HTTLV. We did not observe evidence for an interaction between genotypes. Our findings indicate that met-carriers have increased subcortical 5-HTT binding. The small difference suggests limited statistical power may explain previously reported null effects. Our finding adds to emerging evidence that BDNF val66met contributes to differences in the human brain serotonin system, informing how variability in the 5-HTT level emerges and may represent an important molecular mediator of BDNF val66met effects on behavior and related risk for neuropsychiatric illness.
Electrical stimulation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis reduces anxiety in a rat model
Authors: Luyck K , Tambuyzer T , Deprez M , Rangarajan J , Nuttin B , Luyten L 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe recently showed that deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) reduces obsessions, compulsions and associated anxiety in patients suffering from severe, treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Here, we investigated the anxiolytic effects of electrical BST stimulation in a rat model of conditioned anxiety, unrelated to obsessions or compulsions. Two sets of stimulation parameters were evaluated. Using fixed settings at 100 Hz, 40 μs and 300 μA (Set A), we observed elevated freezing and startle levels, whereas stimulation at 130 Hz, 220 μs and individually tailored amplitudes (Set B) appeared to reduce freezing. In a follow-up experiment, we evaluated the anxiolytic potential of Set B more extensively, by adding a lesion group and an additional day of stimulation. We found that electrical stimulation significantly reduced freezing, but not to the same extent as lesions. Neither lesions nor stimulation of the BST affected motor behavior or unconditioned anxiety in an open-field test. In summary, electrical stimulation of the BST was successful in reducing contextual anxiety in a rat model, without eliciting unwanted motor effects. Our findings underline the therapeutic potential of DBS in the BST for disorders that are hallmarked by pathological anxiety. Further research will be necessary to assess the translatability of these findings to the clinic.
Autism and Bilingualism: A Qualitative Interview Study of Parents' Perspectives and Experiences
Authors: Hampton Sarah , Rabagliati Hugh , Sorace Antonella , Fletcher-Watson Sue 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
Research into how bilingual parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) make choices about their children's language environment is scarce. This study aimed to explore this issue, focusing on understanding how bilingual parents of children with ASD may make different language exposure choices compared with bilingual parents of children without ASD.

Method
Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 17 bilingual parents with a child with ASD and 18 bilingual parents with a typically developing (TD) child.

Results
Thematic analysis revealed that, in contrast to parents of TD children, parents with a child with ASD expressed concerns that a bilingual environment would cause confusion for their child and exacerbate language delays. This was particularly common for parents of children with lower verbal ability. Parents also identified potential benefits of bilingualism, particularly in terms of maintaining a close and affectionate bond with their child.

Conclusions
Parents of children with ASD have concerns about bilingualism not present for parents of TD children, and these concerns are greater for parents of children with lower verbal ability. Future research in this area should take into account factors such as parent–child bonds as well as communication and language development.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Thromboprophylaxis in Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Efthymiou Maria , Gates Carolyn , Isenberg David , Cohen Hannah 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe current mainstay of the treatment and secondary thromboprophylaxis of thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is anticoagulation with warfarin or other vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). In addition to their well-known limitations, VKAs are often problematic in APS patients because of the variable sensitivity of thromboplastins to lupus anticoagulant. As a result, the international normalized ratio may not accurately reflect the intensity of anticoagulation. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are established as therapeutic alternatives to VKAs for a wide range of indications, including the treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism. Definition of the role of DOACs in the treatment of thrombotic APS is emerging with the results of recent and ongoing clinical studies. This review focuses on the current situation with regard to DOACs for secondary thromboprophylaxis in APS and issues pertinent to DOAC use in APS patients, as well as potential future directions.
Pentoxifylline Treatment of Very Low Birth Weight Neonates with Nosocomial Sepsis
Authors: Hamilçıkan Şahin , Can Emrah , Büke Övgü , Erol Meltem , Gayret Özlem 
Published: February 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the result of intravenous pentoxifylline as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy on mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm neonates with nosocomial sepsis.
Methods For the 18 VLBW preterm neonates, as an adjunct therapy to antibiotics regimens, pentoxifylline (5 mg/kg/h for 6 hours) was administered to premature infants with sepsis on 3 successive days. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded before and after treatment.
Results Following pentoxifylline therapy, the immature-to-total neutrophil ratio and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly decreased, while the blood pH and base excess were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The axillary temperature, noninvasive blood pressure, hemoglobin, leukocyte, and thrombocyte values did not significantly differ after treatment (p > 0.05). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (32%), Streptococcus hominis (7.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.3%), and Candida parapsilosis (3.1%) were identified in the blood cultures. There were no short-term morbidities (intraventricular hemorrhages, necrotizing enterocolitis, periventricular leukomalacia, and patent ductus arteriosus), no adverse effects, and no mortalities during or after the pentoxifylline therapy in the preterm neonate participants.
Conclusion The CRP levels and heart rate both decreased, while the pH and base excess parameters of the blood gas analysis changed positively after pentoxifylline treatment in VLBW preterm neonates with nosocomial sepsis.
Conversion of external percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage to endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy after failed standard internal stenting for malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Paik Woo , Lee Nah , Nakai Yousuke , Isayama Hiroyuki , Oh Dongwook , Song Tae , Lee Sang , Seo Dong-Wan , Lee Sung , Kim Myung-Hwan , Park Do 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background and study aim Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is a rescue procedure after a failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. As PTBD causes patient discomfort, conversion of the PTBD to internal biliary stenting (PTBDS) may be required; however, PTBDS is sometimes difficult because of the tight stricture. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of conversion of external PTBD to endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) after failed PTBDS.
Patients and methods A total of 16 patients with malignant distal biliary obstruction who underwent conversion of external PTBD to EUS-HGS after failed PTBDS were enrolled from two institutions in Korea and Japan. Data were analyzed retrospectively.
Results The technical and clinical success rates were 100 % and 81 %, respectively. Early adverse events developed in two patients: proximal stent migration (n = 1), and cholecystitis (n = 1). Stents were occluded or migrated distally in five patients. The mean duration of stent patency was 402 days.
Conclusions Conversion of external PTBD to EUS-HGS may be a good rescue option after failed PTBDS.
Bromelain Loading and Release from a Hydrogel Formulated Using Alginate and Arabic Gum
Authors: Ataide Janaína , Cefali Letícia , Rebelo Marcia , Spir Lívia , Tambourgi Elias , Jozala Angela , Chaud Marco , Silveira Edgar , Gu Xiaochen , Gava Mazzola Priscila 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn ideal wound dressing ensures a moist environment around the wound area and absorbs exudates from the wound surface. Topical application of bromelain to incised wounds has been shown to reprogram the wound microenvironment to promote effective tissue repair. Combining the characteristics of hydrogels and bromelain is therefore of great interest. Herein, we describe the development of a hydrogel, formulated using alginate and Arabic gum, for bromelain loading and release. The hydrogel formulation was evaluated using response surface methodology, considering the pH value and the concentration of alginate and Arabic gum. Bromelain loading and release were evaluated based on passive diffusion. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed to confirm bromelain immobilization in the hydrogel. The final hydrogel formulation had a swelling ratio of 227 % and incorporated 19 % of bromelain from a bromelain solution. Bromelain immobilization in the hydrogel was the result of hydrogen bond formation and was optimal at 4 °C after 4 h of contact. This evidence suggests that bromelain entrapment into a hydrogel is a promising strategy for the development of wound dressings that support the debridement of burns and wounds.
The impact agenda and the search for a good life
Authors: Frodeman Robert 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPlato and Aristotle are plumbed for insights concerning the underlying assumptions of the impact agenda, and more generally for how philosophy can offer greater assistance on policy questions. Aristotle reveals the limitations of ‘impact’ as a way of framing discussions about the relevance of academic knowledge. Plato offers more general counsel on the challenges facing philosophers who seek to be relevant to the concerns of policymakers. Together, their work suggests that policy-sensitive philosophers can help decision makers be more self-conscious about the assumptions underlying their work. This article is published as part of a collection on the future of research assessment.
Two types of amorphous protein particles facilitate crystal nucleation
Authors: Yamazaki Tomoya , Kimura Yuki , Vekilov Peter G. , Furukawa Erika , Shirai Manabu , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Van Driessche Alexander E. S. , Tsukamoto Katsuo 
Published: February 2017

Significance
The formation of the nuclei of protein crystals has been suggested to occur within protein-rich mesoscopic clusters. The existence of such clusters has been revealed for many proteins; however, their role in crystallization is still unclear. Our live images in a protein crystallization solution using transmission electron microscopy reveal that protein-rich mesoscopic clusters are solid amorphous particles that work as heterogeneous nucleation sites. The nucleation event for the crystal starts via another noncrystalline particle, which appears only a few seconds before crystal nucleation, that is, there are two types of amorphous particles that have different roles in protein crystallization.
NFκB–Pim-1–Eomesodermin axis is critical for maintaining CD8 T-cell memory quality
Authors: Knudson Karin M. , Pritzl Curtis J. , Saxena Vikas , Altman Amnon , Daniels Mark A. , Teixeiro Emma 
Published: February 2017

SignificanceMice and humans whose T cells are deficient in NFκB signaling lack memory T cells, but the mechanism behind this is unclear. We found that NFκB signaling is required during the resolution phase of the immune response to maintain long-term CD8 memory. NFκB signaling is necessary for preserving expression of Eomesodermin and prosurvival Bcl-2 in memory T cells, in a cell-intrinsic process where T-cell receptor (TCR) signals and Pim-1 kinase are involved. Our study defines an unexpected role of NFκB and Pim-1 signaling in the maintenance of T-cell memory quality. Furthermore, it identifies targets and specific times of intervention where protective T-cell memory could be reinforced in vaccines and cancer immunotherapies by manipulation of the NFκB–Pim-1–Eomesodermin axis.
The ETS-5 transcription factor regulates activity states in
Caenorhabditis elegans
by controlling satiety
Authors: Juozaityte Vaida , Pladevall-Morera David , Podolska Agnieszka , Nørgaard Steffen , Neumann Brent , Pocock Roger 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Animals constantly monitor their internal energy levels and modify their eating and foraging behavior as required. Our work defines a role for the ETS-5 transcription factor in the control of body fat levels and thereby the activity of animals. We have defined the responses controlled by ETS-5 at the genetic, cellular, and organismal levels and identified how ETS-5 interacts with known pathways that regulate food-regulated behavioral states. These findings provide insight into how fat levels are regulated and how satiety controls organismal activity.
Dopamine in the medial amygdala network mediates human bonding
Authors: Atzil Shir , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Rudy Tali , Salcedo Stephanie , Feldman Ruth , Hooker Jacob M. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Catana Ciprian , Barrett Lisa Feldman 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Early life bonding in humans has critical long-term implications for health, productivity, and well-being in society. Nonetheless, neural mechanisms of bonding are typically studied in rodents, and no studies to date had examined the neurochemistry of human social affiliation. This study utilizes a state-of-the-art technology to demonstrate that human maternal bonding is associated with striatal dopamine function and the recruitment of a cortico–striatal–amygdala brain network that supports affiliation. The simultaneous probing of neurochemical responses and whole-brain network function in mothers watching their infants provides a unique observation into an “affiliating brain.” These results advance the mechanistic understanding of human social bonding and promote basic and clinical research in social neuroscience, development, and psychopathology.
Structure of a lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase suggests how conformational changes govern substrate binding
Authors: Anandan Anandhi , Evans Genevieve L. , Condic-Jurkic Karmen , O’Mara Megan L. , John Constance M. , Phillips Nancy J. , Jarvis Gary A. , Wills Siobhan S. , Stubbs Keith A. , Moraes Isabel , Kahler Charlene M. , Vrielink Alice 
Published: February 2017

Significance
At this time, multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria are estimated to cause approximately 700,000 deaths per year globally, with a prediction that this figure could reach 10 million a year by 2050. Antivirulence therapy, in which virulence mechanisms of a pathogen are chemically inactivated, represents a promising approach to the development of treatment options. The family of lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferases in gram-negative bacteria confers bacterial resistance to innate immune defensins and colistin antibiotics. The development of inhibitors to block lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase could improve innate immune clearance and extend the usefulness of colistin antibiotics. The solved crystal structure and biophysical studies suggest that the enzyme undergoes large conformational changes to enable binding and catalysis of two very differently sized substrates.
Vulnerability of primitive human placental trophoblast to Zika virus
Authors: Sheridan Megan A. , Yunusov Dinar , Balaraman Velmurugan , Alexenko Andrei P. , Yabe Shinichiro , Verjovski-Almeida Sergio , Schust Danny J. , Franz Alexander W. , Sadovsky Yoel , Ezashi Toshihiko , Roberts R. Michael 
Published: February 2017

Significance
We have tested the hypothesis that the placenta of early pregnancy might be more easily breached by the Zika virus (ZIKV) than the relatively resistant outer cells of the mature placenta. Colonies of placental lineage cells derived from embryonic stem cells, which are probably analogous to the primitive placenta at implantation, were lysed more rapidly by an African strain of ZIKV, considered relatively benign, than by an Asian strain linked to fetal brain abnormalities. We conclude that the human fetus may be most vulnerable to ZIKV very early in pregnancy and that the African strain may threaten a pregnancy more strongly than previously believed.
Rules of RNA specificity of hnRNP A1 revealed by global and quantitative analysis of its affinity distribution
Authors: Jain Niyati , Lin Hsuan-Chun , Morgan Christopher E. , Harris Michael E. , Tolbert Blanton S. 
Published: February 2017

SignificanceHuman heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) is a key protein that functions in RNA metabolism both under normal and diseased cellular conditions. Despite playing a central role in eukaryotic biology, the mechanisms by which hnRNP A1 discriminates between cognate and noncognate RNA targets remain poorly understood. Here, we combined high-throughput sequencing analysis of equilibrium binding (HTS-EQ) experiments with independent biophysical measurements to reveal the complete hnRNP A1 specificity landscape. The data show that RNA sequence, motif copy number, spacing, and secondary structure determine specificity by modulating rates of productive hnRNP A1-RNA encounters. Thus, our work provides significant insights into the combinatorial factors that determine how hnRNP A1 identifies functional binding sites in vivo.