bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-scale habitat structure driven by coral species composition on tropical reefs
Authors: Richardson Laura E. , Graham Nicholas A. J. , Hoey Andrew S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe availability of habitat structure across spatial scales can determine ecological organization and resilience. However, anthropogenic disturbances are altering the abundance and composition of habitat-forming organisms. How such shifts in the composition of these organisms alter the physical structure of habitats across ecologically important scales remains unclear. At a time of unprecedented coral loss and homogenization of coral assemblages globally, we investigate the inherent structural complexity of taxonomically distinct reefs, across five ecologically relevant scales of measurement (4–64 cm). We show that structural complexity was influenced by coral species composition, and was not a simple function of coral cover on the studied reefs. However, inter-habitat variation in structural complexity changed with scale. Importantly, the scales at which habitat structure was available also varied among habitats. Complexity at the smallest, most vulnerable scale (4 cm) varied the most among habitats, which could have inferences for as much as half of all reef fishes which are small-bodied and refuge dependent for much of their lives. As disturbances continue and species shifts persist, the future of these ecosystems may rely on a greater concern for the composition of habitat-building species and prioritization of particular configurations for protection of maximal cross-scale habitat structural complexity.
The Prognostic Value of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yao Wei , He Jun-chuang , Yang Yan , Wang Jian-ming , Qian Ya-wei , Yang Tao , Ji Lei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrevious clinical studies have found that the levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) significantly correlated with prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, these conclusions and data remain controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prognostic value and clinical utilization of TILs in patients with HCC. A total of 23 relevant studies of 3173 patients were included into our meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that high levels of CD8+and CD3+TILs had a better prognostic value on overall survival (OS), with HRs of 0.71 (P = 0.04) and 0.63 (P = 0.03), respectively, compared to low levels, as did high levels of CD8+, CD3+and CD4+TILs on disease/recurrence-free survival (DFS/RFS), with HRs of 0.66 (P = 0.01), 0.60 (P = 0.01) and 0.79 (P = 0.04), respectively. In contrast, high levels of FoxP3+TILs had a worse prognostic value on OS and DFS/RFS, with HRs of 2.06 (P < 0.00001) and 1.77 (P < 0.00001), respectively. The FoxP3+/CD4+and FoxP3+/CD8+ratios negatively correlated with OS and DFS/RFS. These findings suggest that TILs may serve as a prognostic biomarker in HCC. However, further research should be performed to clarify the clinical value of TILs in HCC.
Emergence of a Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis stG62647-lineage associated with severe clinical manifestations
Authors: Oppegaard Oddvar , Mylvaganam Haima , Skrede Steinar , Lindemann Paul Christoffer , Kittang Bård Reiakvam 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIncreasing incidence rates of invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) infections have been reported worldwide, but the evolutionary mechanisms underlying this development remain elusive. Through prospective surveillance of invasive SDSE infections in western Norway, we observed the emergence of a novel and virulent SDSE genotype, stG62647. This emm-type, rarely encountered as a cause of invasive disease during 1999–2012, emerged in 2013 as the predominant SDSE-genotype. The stG62647-infections were associated with an aggressive clinical course, including the occurrence of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, necrotizing soft-tissue infections and endocarditis. All the invasive stG62647-isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing, attempting to explore the genetic events underpinning its epidemicity. Although 10% of the genomes was unique for stG62647-genotype, notably 18 out of 19 isolates contained a disrupted streptococcal invasive locus (sil) due to the insertion of a transposase, IS1548, into the silB-gene. We postulate that the virulence of stG6267-isolates could be partly attributable to the abrogation of the attenuating control normally exerted by this regulon, although experimental verification was not performed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study employing large scale whole genome sequencing to illuminate the genetic landscape of epidemic lineages in SDSE.
Characterization of C-terminal structure of MinC and its implication in evolution of bacterial cell division
Authors: Yang Shaoyuan , Shen Qingya , Wang Shu , Song Chen , Lei Zhen , Han Shengnan , Zhang Xiaoying , Zheng Jimin , Jia Zongchao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractProper cell division at the mid-site of Gram-negative bacteria reflects stringent regulation by the min system (MinC, MinD and MinE). Herein we report crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of MinC from Escherichia coli (EcMinCCTD). The MinCCTD beta helical domain is engaged in a tight homodimer, similar to Thermotoga maritima MinCCTD (TmMinCCTD). However, both EcMinCCTD and TmMinCCTD lack an α-helix (helix3) at their C-terminal tail, in comparison to Aquifex aerolicu MinCCTD (AaMinCCTD) which forms an extra interaction interface with MinD. To understand the role of this extra binding element in MinC/MinD interactions, we fused this helix (Aahelix3) to the C-terminus of EcMinC and examined its effect on cell morphology and cell growth. Our results revealed that Aahelix3 impaired normal cell division in vivo. Furthermore, results of a co-pelleting assay and binding free energy calculation suggested that Aahelix3 plays an essential role in AaMinCD complex formation, under the circumstance of lacking MinE in A. aerolicu. Combining these results with sequence analysis of MinC and MinD in different organisms, we propose an evolutionary relationship to rationalize different mechanisms in cell division positioning in various organisms.
Evaluating Random Error in Clinician-Administered Surveys: Theoretical Considerations and Clinical Applications of Interobserver Reliability and Agreement
Authors: Bennett Rebecca J. , Taljaard Dunay S. , Olaithe Michelle , Brennan-Jones Chris , Eikelboom Robert H. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to raise awareness of interobserver concordance and the differences between interobserver reliability and agreement when evaluating the responsiveness of a clinician-administered survey and, specifically, to demonstrate the clinical implications of data types (nominal/categorical, ordinal, interval, or ratio) and statistical index selection (for example, Cohen's kappa, Krippendorff's alpha, or interclass correlation).

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 3 clinical audiologists, who were masked to each other's scores, administered the Practical Hearing Aid Skills Test–Revised to 18 adult owners of hearing aids. Interobserver concordance was examined using a range of reliability and agreement statistical indices.

Results
The importance of selecting statistical measures of concordance was demonstrated with a worked example, wherein the level of interobserver concordance achieved varied from “no agreement” to “almost perfect agreement” depending on data types and statistical index selected.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that the methodology used to evaluate survey score concordance can influence the statistical results obtained and thus affect clinical interpretations.
Smart grid element: efficient controllable inductance with virtual air gap
Authors: Penttonen Jyrki , Lehtonen Matti , Muhammad Shafiq 
Published: August 2017

Smart grid technologies require advances in various conventional solutions where efficient control of the inductance of reactors is of a significant interest for utilities. Novel solution is presented for inductance control of power reactors which is carried out by developing a virtual air gap (VAG) within the core. The impact of VAG on the magnetisation behaviour of the transformer core has been analysed by using simulation environment of finite‐element method (FEM). Experimental investigation is carried out to observe the performance of VAG for intended inductance variation. Using proposed technique reactor inductance can be tuned in the range of 1 : 20 in less than a millisecond with a significant reduction in harmonics. Implementation of such fast, linear and magnetically controlled inductance along with suitable intelligence can be valuable to enhance smart grid technology for improved integration of renewables and grid optimisation.
Improved control algorithm for grid‐connected cascaded H‐bridge photovoltaic inverters under asymmetric operating conditions
Authors: Iman‐Eini Hossein , Bacha Seddik , Frey David 
Published: August 2017

Here, a single‐stage cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) inverter is presented for grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. The CHB inverter has separate DC links and allows individual control of PV arrays. The conversion efficiency is high and the harmonic generation is lower than conventional PV inverters. Although the CHB inverter is a good candidate for injection of solar power into grid, its control issues have not been completely solved. One of the main challenges in the CHB inverter is the harmonic generation when the connected PV arrays to the H‐bridge cells have different amounts of insolation. This study deals with the asymmetrical operating conditions of PV arrays (or H‐bridge cells) in the CHB inverter and presents an analytical equation for determination of cells’ modulation indices based on PV arrays data. Then, a control loop is added to the tracking algorithm of conventional control systems to determine whether an H‐bridge cell is in the linear modulation or not. In the case of overmodulation, the corresponding DC link voltage is increased by the controller to bring it back to the linear region. The validity of new method is confirmed by simulations and experiments on a seven‐level 1.7 kW CHB inverter.
Psychiatrische Notfälle im Notarzt- und Rettungsdienst in Ulm in den Jahren 2000 und 2010 und Konsequenzen für die Praxis
Authors: Schönfeldt-Lecuona Carlos , Gahr Maximilian , Schütz Stefan , Lang Dirk , Pajonk Frank , Connemann Bernhard , Muth Claus-Martin , Freudenmann Roland 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Psychiatrische Notfälle (PN) im präklinischen Notarzt- und Rettungsdienst repräsentieren ca. 5 – 10 % aller Notfälle und führen oft zu Problemen bei den nichtpsychiatrischen Versorgern. Aus Deutschland gibt es nur wenige Studien, die Auskunft über quantitative und qualitative Änderungen von PN in der Präklinik geben.
Methoden Wir führten eine retrospektive Querschnittsuntersuchung zu PN im präklinischen Notarztdienst auf der Basis der Notarztprotokolle der Notarzteinsätze der Sektion Notfallmedizin der Universitätsklinik Ulm im Vergleich der Jahre 2000 und 2010 durch.
Ergebnisse Dabei zeigte sich ein signifikanter absoluter und relativer Zuwachs der PN von 8,8 % im Jahr 2000 (285 von 3227 Notfällen) auf 10,3 % im Jahr 2010 (454 von 4425). Intoxikationen waren in beiden Jahren der häufigste Anlass [2000: n = 116 (44,4 %); 2010: n = 171 (37,7 %)], gefolgt von suizidalen Verhaltensweisen [2000: n = 59 (22,6 %); 2010: n = 78 (17,2 %)] und der akuten Angst/Panikattacke [2000: n = 37 (13 %); 2010: n = 105 (23,1 %)]; diese 3 Entitäten zusammen begründeten ca. 80 % aller PN. Am häufigsten traten sie an den Wochenendtagen auf und meistens in den frühen und späten Abendstunden (zwischen 18 und 21 Uhr sowie zwischen 21 und 24 Uhr) in beiden Jahren. Patienten mit PN waren überwiegend Männer; der Frauenanteil stieg aber zwischen 2000 und 2010.
Diskussion/Schlussfolgerung Die Studie liefert erste Daten über aktuelle Entwicklungen von PN im präklinischen Notarztdienst in Deutschland und hat Implikationen für die Verbesserung der Versorgung.
Determining Bilateral Strength Imbalances in Youth Basketball Athletes
Authors: Thomas Christopher , Comfort Paul , Dos’Santos Thomas , Jones Paul 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aims of this study were: 1) to compare the strongest (D) and weakest (ND) limbs in determining muscle strength asymmetry (MSA) ratios among various muscle strength qualities and 2) to determine the relationships among various muscle strength qualities. 17 youth male basketball athletes (age=17.5±0.8 years; height=187.1±9.4 cm; body mass=81.4±10.1 kg) participated in this study. Knee flexor and extensor strength at 60°·s−1 was assessed for both limbs with the use of isokinetic dynamometry. Other tests involved single-leg hop (SLH), countermovement jump (CMJ) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). Statistically significant differences (p<0.05; d=0.40-0.98) were found between D and ND limbs for all strength measures. Imbalance ratio of the IMTP was significantly related to those of SLH (r=0.75, p=0.01) whereas no significant relationships between D:ND ratios were found from all other tests. Percentage agreements of MSA ranged from 64.7–88.2% between muscle strength qualities. The findings provide support for the use of field tests to detect lower-limb strength imbalances. Future research should examine the effect of different asymmetry thresholds on percentage agreements to diagnose MSA and determine its relationship to athletic performance.
Cities as world-political actors? The “tax haven-free” cities initiative and the politics of public procurement
Authors: Ylönen Matti 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn recent years, interest in the world-political role of cities has grown. The use of public procurement for promoting world-political goals has also gathered scholarly attention, as has the tax justice policy agenda. This article contributes to these discussions by demonstrating how global responsibility became part of the city of Helsinki’s policy alignments, which were then turned into several concrete initiatives. In particular, I focus on the contrast between the relative ease with which Helsinki became a “Fair Trade” city on the one hand and the difficulties it faced in its attempts to become a “Fair Tax” city on the other. I argue that that these initiatives illustrate how cities can utilize public procurement to promote world-political goals. I also show how the increasing complexity of the required procurement criteria can make the success contingent on help from “emergent entrepreneurs” of social movements. These developments highlight the contradictory and complex effects of the “economization” and “marketization” of the political sphere. While economization isolates many societal issues from political control, it can also allow for politicizing local and global issues in ways that were unthinkable. Finally, adding to the existing research on the world-political role of cities, I demonstrate that a city does not need to be a metropolis in order to act in world politics.
Digging for perfection: discourse of deformity in Richard III’s excavation
Authors: Kostihova Marcela 
Published: August 2017

AbstractShakespeare’s Richard III, the archetypal world-infamous villain, has long served as an informative case study for the tendency of humanity to categorize the non-normative and surprising as repulsive. This article considers the ways in which the public spectacle of excavation of Richard III’s skeleton in Leicester harnessed Shakespeare’s cultural capital to address contemporary anxieties with non-normative bodies. This article is published as part of a collection to commemorate the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeare’s death.
Cavitation onset caused by acceleration
Authors: Pan Zhao , Kiyama Akihito , Tagawa Yoshiyuki , Daily David J. , Thomson Scott L. , Hurd Randy , Truscott Tadd T. 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceIn this paper we propose an alternative derivation of the cavitation number and validate the threshold. The proposed dimensionless number is more suitable to predict the cavitation onset caused by a sudden acceleration rather than a large velocity as prescribed by the traditional cavitation number. Systematic experiments were conducted for validation, confirming that the alternative cavitation number predicts the threshold at which cavitation will occur (Ca<1).
Crossover from band-like to thermally activated charge transport in organic transistors due to strain-induced traps
Authors: Mei Yaochuan , Diemer Peter J. , Niazi Muhammad R. , Hallani Rawad K. , Jarolimek Karol , Day Cynthia S. , Risko Chad , Anthony John E. , Amassian Aram , Jurchescu Oana D. 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceThe operation of organic field-effect transistors is governed by the processes taking place at the device interfaces. The mismatch in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the consecutive layers can induce inhomogeneous strain in the organic semiconductor layer and reduce performance by increasing the electronic trap density. We show that a high-quality organic semiconductor layer is necessary, but not sufficient, to obtain efficient charge-carrier transport, and we propose a device design strategy that allows us to achieve the intrinsic performance limits of a given organic semiconductor regardless of the relative thermal expansions of the constituent layers.
The internal syntax of Q-words
Authors: De Clercq Karen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper aims at describing Q(uantity)-words, i.e.many/muchandfew/little, from a typological perspective, and presenting typological generalisations based on it. The typological sample provides support for a mass-count and positive-negative dimension in the domain of Q-words. Both dimensions also intersect. Along the negative dimension, it seems that languages fall into two groups: those having an opaque strategy forfew/littleand those having only an analytic strategy (not-much/many). Four patterns can be discerned on the basis of the sample, which are each exemplified by means of one language, i.e. English, Dutch, Wolof and Western Armenian. In addition, I make an attempt at developing a nanosyntactic analysis of the data, which aims to show how language variation in the domain of Q-words can be accounted for in terms of varying the size of lexically stored trees (Starke 2014). Finally, I show how one missing type of pattern is underivable on the basis of the analysis proposed.
Afrikaans directionality switch in ‘triple’ V-clusters with the auxiliary het
Authors: van Kampen Jacqueline 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The general perspective of the paper is that all (dis)harmonic branching orders within the West-Germanic V-clusters imply a different categorization by the acquisition procedure that should be independently motivated. More specific, the paper discusses the directionality switch with the temporal auxiliary het (‘have’) in Afrikaans. Afrikaans has a right-branching V-cluster 1-2-3. The directionality switches in subordinate clauses when V1 is the auxiliary het, which seemingly gives rise to the a-typical order 2-3-1 [[leer
2 swem
3] het
1]. V2 is in this case an IPP (Infinitivus-pro-participio) infinitive. I propose to derive the directionality switch as a matter of category assignment by an acquisition procedure that is unaware of underlying structure followed by movements. I argue that sentence-final het has been reanalyzed as a morphological suffix on the V3. This leads to a simplification of the apparent 2-3-1 V-cluster into a binary 1–2 V-cluster [leer
1 [swem het]2].
Proevenas an acquired taste
Authors: Poortvliet Marjolein 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the diachronic development of the Dutch gustatory verbsproevenandsmakenand the semantic encroachment of the former on the meanings covered by the latter, and explains the current use ofproevenin constructions in whichsmakenis expected (i.e.De soep proeft lekker‘the soup tastes good’). This spread of the use ofproeven(and the consequential increasingly limited use ofsmaken) can be explained by metaphorization and is analyzed as the result of lexical paradigm levelling.1
Sensitivity of Guadalupe Bass Swim-up Fry to Hyperoxia
Authors: Matthews Michael D , Prangnell David , Glenewinkel Hugh 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Hatchery-reared fingerling Guadalupe Bass Micropterus treculii are stocked into central Texas rivers to restore threatened populations and combat hybridization with Smallmouth Bass M. dolomieu. Fry survival in hatchery rearing ponds has declined by more than 50% in recent years, and pilot investigations indicated that exposure to high dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (&gt;20 mg/L; hyperoxia) during tempering might have contributed to fry mortality. To test this hypothesis, Guadalupe Bass swim-up fry (11 d posthatch; 8.45 ± 0.25 mm TL [mean ± SD]) were exposed to normbaric DO concentrations ranging from 7.9 to 33.3 mg/L at 18°C, mimicking the hatchery tempering protocols followed during 2014 and 2015. After a 30-min exposure to the DO treatment (flow rate = 18 L/h), jars were flushed with nonoxygenated water for 1 min to rapidly lower the DO, mimicking the release of fry into ponds after tempering. Jars were then supplied with freshwater at a rate of 36 L/h and were monitored for 72 h. One control (A) was subjected to the same protocol but without oxygen supplementation; the other control (B) was not subjected to the 30-min exposure or flushing. Dead fry among treatments were recorded and removed every 24 h. Mortalities were observed within 6 h. Surviving fry were counted and measured after 72 h. Fry survival at 72 h was negatively correlated with increasing DO concentrations (Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient = –0.79) and declined significantly above 20 mg/L. Fry populations exposed to the highest oxygen concentration visually appeared more lethargic than fry in other treatments. The results of our study suggest that hyperoxia contributed to the low survival of fry in recent years. We recommend DO concentrations below 15 mg/L and avoiding DO levels above 20 mg/L (212% saturation at 18°C) when transporting and tempering Guadalupe Bass fry. We also recommend verifying the oxygen limits of other black bass Micropterus spp.
MFIB: a repository of protein complexes with mutual folding induced by binding
Authors: Fichó Erzsébet , Reményi István , Simon István , Mészáros Bálint 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Motivation
It is commonplace that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are involved in crucial interactions in the living cell. However, the study of protein complexes formed exclusively by IDPs is hindered by the lack of data and such analyses remain sporadic. Systematic studies benefited other types of protein–protein interactions paving a way from basic science to therapeutics; yet these efforts require reliable datasets that are currently lacking for synergistically folding complexes of IDPs.

Results
Here we present the Mutual Folding Induced by Binding (MFIB) database, the first systematic collection of complexes formed exclusively by IDPs. MFIB contains an order of magnitude more data than any dataset used in corresponding studies and offers a wide coverage of known IDP complexes in terms of flexibility, oligomeric composition and protein function from all domains of life. The included complexes are grouped using a hierarchical classification and are complemented with structural and functional annotations. MFIB is backed by a firm development team and infrastructure, and together with possible future community collaboration it will provide the cornerstone for structural and functional studies of IDP complexes.

Availability and implementation
MFIB is freely accessible at http://mfib.enzim.ttk.mta.hu/. The MFIB application is hosted by Apache web server and was implemented in PHP. To enrich querying features and to enhance backend performance a MySQL database was also created.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.