bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a clinical spasticity scale for evaluation of dogs with chronic thoracolumbar spinal cord injury
Authors: Lewis Melissa J. , Olby Natasha J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a spasticity scale for dogs with chronic deficits following severe spinal cord injury (SCI) for use in clinical assessment and outcome measurement in clinical trials.
ANIMALS 20 chronically paralyzed dogs with a persistent lack of hind limb pain perception caused by an acute SCI at least 3 months previously.
PROCEDURES Spasticity was assessed in both hind limbs via tests of muscle tone, clonus, and flexor and extensor spasms adapted from human scales. Measurement of patellar clonus duration and flexor spasm duration and degree was feasible. These components were used to create a canine spasticity scale (CSS; overall score range, 0 to 18). Temporal variation for individual dogs and interrater reliability were evaluated. Gait was quantified with published gait scales, and CSS scores were compared with gait scores and clinical variables. Owners were questioned regarding spasticity observed at home.
RESULTS 20 dogs were enrolled: 18 with no apparent hind limb pain perception and 2 with blunted responses; 5 were ambulatory. Testing was well tolerated, and scores were repeatable between raters. Median overall CSS score was 7 (range, 3 to 11), and flexor spasms were the most prominent finding. Overall CSS score was not associated with age, SCI duration, lesion location, or owner-reported spasticity. Overall CSS score and flexor spasm duration were associated with gait scores.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The CSS could be used to quantify hind limb spasticity in dogs with chronic thoracolumbar SCI and might be a useful outcome measure. Flexor spasms may represent an integral part of stepping in dogs with severe SCI.
La codificación de una ideología de disidencia en el cine político marginal colombiano (1966 – 1976)
Authors: Pineda Moncada Gloria 
Published: June 2017

<p class="p1">El presente artículo tiene como objetivo develar las formas en que un discurso lingü.stico de disidencia se transcodificó en discurso audiovisual dando origen a una tendencia documentalista en Colombia, desarrollada entre 1966 y 1976, en un contexto político marcado por profundas transformaciones. La adopción de una postura ideológica de oposición a los dictámenes del gobierno pudo concretarse en un proyecto cinematográfico independiente, denominado Cine Político Marginal, para configurar una imagen de contrainformación y de denuncia. Los productos audiovisuales que emergen de este constructo ideológico hacen evidentes sus fundamentos, no sólo a partir de la selección temática, sino a través de las formas en que éstos mismos postulados se representan.</p>
Cimarronaje en el cómic
Authors: Perdomo Gamboa Oscar 
Published: June 2017

<p>Este artículo reseña cuatro cómics comerciales y las diferentes maneras en las que se representan fenómenos del cimarronaje en América a través de estas obras ficcionales del arte secuencial. Se recrean las historias de los personajes históricos Benkos Biohó y Nat Turner, y las de los personajes ficticios Acero y Zambo Dendé. Igualmente, se hace un análisis de las adaptaciones gráficas y las posibles repercusiones en el público lector al redefinir el cimarronaje y los procesos de emancipación de los afroamericanos. </p>
El cine como medio de construcción de memoria y territorio en Medellín. Una aproximación a partir del concepto de narración de Walter Benjamin
Authors: Puerta Domínguez Simón 
Published: June 2017

<p>Este artículo relaciona el concepto de narración de Walter Benjamin con algunas películas realizadas y tematizadas en la ciudad de Medellín, haciendo énfasis en las formas en que proporcionan un medio para la comunicabilidad de la experiencia y la visibilización de problemáticas y contradicciones sociales del contexto. El cine es un medio artístico que, por sus características técnicas, tiende hacia el narrar. Si bien este carácter narrativo no es inmanente a él, cuando es logrado permite la constitución de imágenes que responden a la complejidad de un contexto social determinado, que lo revelan. En el texto se argumenta que el cine realista que se ha elaborado en Medellín es un ejemplo de esto, particularmente en su afinidad con un uso de actores naturales.</p>
El concepto de formación y la significación de la tradición Humanística para las ciencias del espíritu y el arte
Authors: Cadavid Ochoa Juan José 
Published: June 2017

<p>Este artículo plantea un acercamiento al concepto de formación, visto principalmente desde la perspectiva teórica de H. Georg Gadamer. Surge en el marco de la investigación “Construcción de un currículo transmedial alternativo para las artes” realizada por el grupo Código, inscrito a la Escuela de Artes de la Institución Universitaria Salazar y Herrera, y procura movilizar una reflexión que permita la construcción de estrategias de formación dinámicas e innovadoras que puedan ser aplicadas al saber artístico. El proceso investigativo que da origen al presente texto es de orden hermenéutico, en tanto realiza interpretaciones, comparaciones y apropiaciones de conceptos tratados teóricamente por distintos autores. Más que conclusiones taxativas, las revisiones y reflexiones realizadas pretenden movilizar preguntas en torno a la formación en artes y aportar, desde el campo de los estudios humanísticos o ciencias del espíritu, a la construcción de pensamiento crítico procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en y para las artes.</p>
Una muda conspiración contra Roosevelt: Garras de oro (The dawn of Justice)
Authors: Suárez Juana , Arbeláez Ramiro 
Published: June 2017

El artículo revela datos inéditos de la historia que hay detrás de la película Garras de Oro, producida por la Compañía Cali Film en 1.926. Se hace un análisis de la crítica que la película lanza al gobierno de Theodore Roosevelt con ocasión de la separación de Panamá, en el contexto de las relaciones USA-Latinoamérica, y una lectura de las signifcaciones políticas y culturales que hacen a Garras de Oro un flm diferente de sus contemporáneos en el cine mudo colombiano.
Del consumo de bienes materiales a la interacción texto - lector
Authors: Carvajal Barrios Giovanna 
Published: June 2017

El artículo aborda la interacción texto-lector y sus relaciones con la apropiaciónde bienes materiales. En él se plantea que el consumo cultural constituye un ámbito donde se dan permanentes y particulares apropiaciones, y que a partirde las relaciones texto-lector y objeto-consumidor, se puede hablar de la cultura como un espacio destinado a las singularizaciones. El texto reconoce la relación dialéctica entre texto y lector, a partir de la cual se puede generar, o bien una coincidencia entre la interpretación del lector y las intenciones del autor, o una transgresión del esquema propuesto por este último, en virtud de la libre iniciativa del destinatario. Se reconoce entonces que la asimetría entre texto y lector puede desembocar en una preeminencia del propósito del autor o en una subversión de la construcción y la valoración estética por parte del lector.
Aproximación desde los estilos cognitivos a la solución de problemas en diseño
Authors: Álvarez Fernando , Martínez Edgar 
Published: June 2017

<p>La investigación elaboró un panorama conceptual para establecer elementos de la formulación y solución creativa de problemas como capacidades cognitivas orientadas hacia una reflexión pedagógica y didáctica para la disciplina del diseño industrial. Se consideraron los aportes de la psicología diferencial, la cual ha caracterizado los estilos cognitivos y se constituye en una mirada pertinente para entender la “heterogeneidad estudiantil”.</p> <p>Esta perspectiva que cuenta con resultados en distintos continentes puede ofrecer otro punto de vista acerca de cómo procurar la inclusión académica entendiendo la diversidad y el entendimiento de factores relacionados con la deserción estudiantil.</p> <p>El estudio realizó una caracterización inicial acerca de las dimensiones de los estilos sensibilidad-independencia a los estudiantes de diseño industrial y, posteriormente, se centró en la caracterización de los estilos desde la solución creativa de problemas como capacidad cognitiva implicados en el desarrollo de proyectos.</p>
Changing the νmax Scaling Relation: The Need for a Mean Molecular Weight Term
Authors: Viani Lucas S. , Basu Sarbani , Chaplin William J. , Davies Guy R. , Elsworth Yvonne 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The scaling relations that relate the average asteroseismic parameters

and

to the global properties of stars are used quite extensively to determine stellar properties. While the

scaling relation has been examined carefully and the deviations from the relation have been well documented, the

scaling relation has not been examined as extensively. In this paper, we examine the

scaling relation using a set of stellar models constructed to have a wide range of mass, metallicity, and age. We find that as with

,

does not follow the simple scaling relation. The most visible deviation is because of a mean molecular weight term and a

term that are commonly ignored. The remaining deviation is more difficult to address. We find that the influence of the scaling relation errors on asteroseismically derived values of

are well within uncertainties. The influence of the errors on mass and radius estimates is small for main sequence and subgiants, but can be quite large for red giants.
Modeling the Infrared Reverberation Response of the Circumnuclear Dusty Torus in AGNs: The Effects of Cloud Orientation and Anisotropic Illumination
Authors: Almeyda Triana , Robinson Andrew , Richmond Michael , Vazquez Billy , Nikutta Robert 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The obscuring circumnuclear torus of dusty molecular gas is one of the major components of active galactic nuclei (AGN). The torus can be studied by analyzing the time response of its infrared (IR) dust emission to variations in the AGN continuum luminosity, a technique known as reverberation mapping. The IR response is the convolution of the AGN ultraviolet/optical light curve with a transfer function that contains information about the size, geometry, and structure of the torus. Here, we describe a new computer model that simulates the reverberation response of a clumpy torus. Given an input optical light curve, the code computes the emission of a 3D ensemble of dust clouds as a function of time at selected IR wavelengths, taking into account light travel delays. We present simulated dust emission responses at 3.6, 4.5, and 30 μm that explore the effects of various geometrical and structural properties, dust cloud orientation, and anisotropy of the illuminating radiation field. We also briefly explore the effects of cloud shadowing (clouds are shielded from the AGN continuum source). Example synthetic light curves have also been generated, using the observed optical light curve of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 6418 as input. The torus response is strongly wavelength-dependent, due to the gradient in cloud surface temperature within the torus, and because the cloud emission is strongly anisotropic at shorter wavelengths. Anisotropic illumination of the torus also significantly modifies the torus response, reducing the lag between the IR and optical variations.
La revolución en los hábitos de uso y consumo de vídeo en teléfonos inteligentes entre usuarios Millenials, la encrucijada revelada
Authors: Diego Ramos Méndez Diego , Félix Ortega-Mohedano Félix 
Published: June 2017

Los teléfonos inteligentes son los máximos exponentes de la era de la movilidad y de la conectividad tecnológica. En este artículo investigamos los hábitos de uso y consumo de audiovisuales en éstos dentro del target universitario. Metodología: De corte cuantitativo, se ha diseñado un cuestionario específico que fue distribuido en entrevistas cara a cara apoyándonos en un T-CAPI (Tablet and Computer Assisted Personal Interview) que constaba de 36 preguntas-ítems. Resultados y discusión: Se especifican las principales diferencias en el consumo de vídeo en las redes 3G y 4G en la muestra analizada, consolidándose la tendencia hacia consumos más ávidos en redes más potentes y rápidas así como un crecimiento en el uso del Smartphone en las actividades en second screen.
CHALLENGE OF RUBBER/GRAPHENE COMPOSITES AIMING AT REAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Yang Zhijun , Guo Baochun , Zhang Liqun 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTGraphene has attracted a great deal of interest in recent years, illustrated by its potential in a variety of areas in physics, chemistry, and engineering. Specifically, graphene has opened up exciting possibilities for high-performance and functional rubber composites. Although copious literature deals with the fascinating properties related to graphene, its real (large scale) applications in rubber-based composites have not been approached. We discuss the state of the art in development in processing and the status in understanding of structure/performance relationships. Accordingly, the prospectives and challenges of some real applications of graphene-based rubber composites such as tires and sensors are surveyed and discussed.
Platón sobre la anomalía cívica del filósofo
Authors: Lavilla de Lera Jonathan 
Published: June 2017

La filosofía es un producto histórico que se afianza definitivamente con Platón y Aristóteles. En tanto que constituye una novedad en el interior de la ciudad-estado, no sólo es mirada con desconfianza desde sus albores, sino que también es objeto de severas críticas. Los que se dedican a la filosofía son tildados de anómalos, como lo muestran algunos textos clásicos. En el contexto de su pensamiento y de su propuesta práctica, Platón dio continuidad a la imagen alocada del filósofo. No obstante, el Académico lo hizo de un modo irónico, mostrando que su extravagancia no reside en una desviación real respecto al comportamiento que por naturaleza es más idóneo para el humano, sino todo lo contrario, a saber, fruto de la errada opinión del vulgo. Precisamente, uno de los quehaceres más apremiantes para Platón en sus diálogos, además de precisar cuál es la naturaleza de la filosofía, es el de elaborar una defensa de la filosofía, presentándola como el modus vivendi más sensato y apropiado por naturaleza. Abstract: Philosophy is an historical product, which is definitively consolidated with Plato and Aristotle. As it constitutes a novelty within the polis, it is not just regarded with suspicion from its very beginning, but it is also the target of severe criticism. Those who are dedicated to philosophy are stigmatized as odd people, as it is shown by many classical texts. Regarding to his thought and his practical proposal, the Academic gave continuity to philosopher’s crazy image. However, he did so in an ironic way. He suggested that philosopher’s strangeness is not due to a real deviation from the behaviour that by nature is most suitable for humans, but the opposite, i.e. caused by the wrong opinions of those who are not philosophers. In fact, apart from well defining which is philosophy’s nature, one of the most urgent tasks that Plato has to deal with in his dialogues is to make a defence of philosophy as the best way of life, depicting it as the most sensible and according to nature.
Characteristics Predicting the Outcome in Individuals with Diabetic Foot Ulcerations
Authors: Vella Lourdes , Formosa Cynthia 
Published: June 2017

Background:
We sought to determine patient and ulcer characteristics that predict wound healing in patients living with diabetes.

Methods:
A prospective observational study was conducted on 99 patients presenting with diabetic foot ulceration. Patient and ulcer characteristics were recorded. Patients were followed up for a maximum of 1 year.

Results:
After 1 year of follow-up, ulcer characteristics were more predictive of ulcer healing than were patient characteristics. Seventy-seven percent of ulcers had healed and 23% had not healed. Independent predictors of nonhealing were ulcer stage (P = .003), presence of biofilm (P = .020), and ulcer depth (P = .028). Although this study demonstrated that the baseline hemoglobin A1c reading at the start of the study was not a significant predictor of foot ulcer outcome (P = .603, resolved versus amputated), on further statistical analyses, when hemoglobin A1c was compared with the time taken for complete ulcer healing (n = 77), it proved to be significant (P = .009).

Conclusions:
The factors influencing healing are ulcer stage, presence of biofilm, and ulcer depth. These findings have important implications for clinical practice, especially in an outpatient setting. Prediction of outcome may be helpful for health-care professionals in individualizing and optimizing clinical assessment and management of patients. Identification of determinants of outcome could result in improved health outcomes, improved quality of life, and fewer diabetes-related foot complications.
The construction of sparse models of Mars's crustal magnetic field
Authors: Moore Kimberly M. , Bloxham Jeremy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPrevious work has shown that Mars's crustal magnetic field is highly nonuniform, with large regions of either very weak or very strong magnetic field. Commonly used techniques of magnetic field analysis (such as truncation or L2 regularization of a spherical harmonic expansion) have a smoothing effect and are not well suited to representing magnetic fields which may have regions of zero magnetization or sharp contrasts in magnetization. Indeed, there is no a priori reason to expect that the crustal field should be smooth. In this study, we use L1 and elastic net regularizations of Mars Global Surveyor magnetometer data to create sparse representations of the magnetic field of Mars, and examine what percentage of the surface field is actually required to have nonzero magnetization in order to fit the data. We find that solutions with up to 98% or higher sparsity yield an adequate fit to the data, although solutions with 85% sparsity are more realistic. These sparse solutions are substantially different from other smoothed solutions. The choice of inversion method used to analyze the data significantly impacts the resulting field morphology, which may affect the resulting physical interpretation.
Potential benefits of crawl position for prone radiation therapy in breast cancer
Authors: Boute Bert , De Neve Wilfried , Speleers Bruno , Van Greveling Annick , Monten Christel , Van Hoof Tom , Van de Velde Joris , Paelinck Leen , De Gersem Werner , Vercauteren Tom , Detand Jan , Veldeman Liv 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeTo investigate crawl position with the arm at the treated side alongside the body and at the opposite side above the head for prone treatment in patients requiring breast and regional lymph node irradiation.MethodsPatient support devices for crawl position were built for CT simulation and treatment. An asymmetric fork design resulted from an iterative process of prototype construction and testing. The fork's large horn supports the hemi‐thorax, shoulder, and elevated arm at the nontreated side and the head. The short, narrow horn supports the arm at the treated side. Between both horns, the treated breast and its regional lymph nodes are exposed. Endpoints were pain, comfort, set‐up precision, beam access to the breast and lymph nodes, and plan dose metrics. Pain and comfort were tested by volunteers (n = 9); set‐up precision, beam access, and plan dose metrics were tested by means of a patient study (n = 10). The AIO™ (Orfit, Wijnegem, Belgium) prone breastboard (AIO™) was used as a reference regarding comfort and set‐up precision.ResultsPain at the sternum, the ipsilateral shoulder, upper arm, and neck was lower in crawl position than with bilateral arm elevation on AIO™. Comfort and set‐up precision were better on the crawl prototype than on AIO™. In crawl position, beam directions in the coronal and near‐sagittal planes have access to the breast or regional lymph nodes without traversing device components. Plan comparison between supine and crawl positions showed better dose homogeneity for the breast and lymph node targets and dose reductions to all organs at risk for crawl position.ConclusionsRadiation therapy for breast and regional lymph nodes in crawl position is feasible. Good comfort and set‐up precision were demonstrated. Planning results support the hypothesis that breast and regional lymph nodes can be treated in crawl position with less dose to organs at risk and equal or better dose distribution in the target volumes than in supine position. The crawl technique is a candidate methodology for further investigation for patients requiring breast and regional lymph node irradiation.
Indium(III) Chloride Promoted One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazole Carrying 1,2,4‐Triazin‐6‐ones from Nitrile Imines and N,N′‐Bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimine
Authors: Tsai Shuo‐En , Yen Wan‐Ping , Li Yi‐Ting , Hu Yu‐Tzu , Tseng Ching‐Chun , Wong Fung Fuh 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn indium(III) chloride/silica gel promoted one‐pot multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of 5‐[2‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)hydrazinyl]‐1,2,4‐triazin‐6‐ones was developed by treating hydrazonoyl hydrochlorides with N,N′‐bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimine. The first step of the reaction mechanism involves the promotion of the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition by indium(III) chloride/silica gel. The subsequent cyclization and substitution reaction sequence employs 2 equiv of the nitrile imine and the silylamide intermediate, which may be the key species, to lead to the product.
Symmetry Breaking Induced Geometric Surfaces with Topological Curves in Quantum and Classical Dynamics of the SU(2) Coupled Oscillators
Authors: Chen Y. F. , Tung J. C. , Tuan P. H. , Huang K. F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the three‐dimensional (3D) transversely symmetric oscillator, there are plentiful degeneracies and gaps in the quantum energy spectrum as a function of the ratio of the transverse to longitudinal frequency. It is theoretically verified that while the SU(2) interaction destroys the original degeneracies, numerous new degeneracies and gaps emerge around the original degeneracies to form a similar fine energy spectrum. The classical trajectories at the emergent degeneracies are analyzed to be localized on the 3D parametric surfaces which are constituted by the topologically invariant curves in the transverse tomography. The quantum coherent states are exploited to develop the wave functions that correspond to the 3D geometric surfaces in classical dynamics. Furthermore, the wave structures of the stationary coherent states at small quantum numbers are explored and found to display peculiar patterns with symmetries related to classical trajectories.