bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osmotic adjustment is a prime drought stress adaptive engine in support of plant production
Authors: Blum Abraham 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOsmotic adjustment (OA) and cellular compatible solute accumulation are widely recognized to have a role in plant adaptation to dehydration mainly through turgor maintenance and the protection of specific cellular functions by defined solutes. At the same time, there has been an ongoing trickle of skepticism in the literature about the role of OA in supporting crop yield under drought stress. Contrarian reviews argued that OA did not sustain turgor or that it served mainly for plant survival rather than productivity. This critical review examined 26 published studies where OA was compared with yield under drought stress in variable genotypes of 12 crops, namely, barley, wheat, maize, sorghum, chickpea, pea, pigeon pea, soybean, canola, mustard, castor bean and sunflower. Over all crops a positive and significant association between OA and yield under drought stress were found in 24 out of 26 cases. Considering that it is generally difficult to find a singular plant trait responsible for yield advantage of numerous crops under different drought stress conditions, this evidence is no less than remarkable as proof that OA sustains crop yield under drought stress.
Coexisting Bacillus Calmette–Guérin‐Induced Lupus Vulgaris Involving the Vaccination Site and Lichen Scrofulosorum in an Immunocompetent Boy
Authors: Angoori Gnaneshwar Rao 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe coexistence of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)‐induced lupus vulgaris involving the site of vaccination with lichen scrofulosorum is rare. Herein we report a 3‐year‐old boy who presented with lupus vulgaris at the vaccination site 3 weeks after neonatal BCG vaccination followed by the development of lichen scrofulosorum approximately 2.5 years later. Characteristic clinical morphology, typical histopathology, and positive DNA polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium bovis confirmed the clinical diagnosis.
Collaborative Governance: Integrating Management, Politics, and Law
Authors: Amsler Lisa Blomgren 
Published: July 2016

AbstractScholars have engaged in an ongoing dialogue about the relationships among management, politics, and law in public administration. Collaborative governance presents new challenges to this dynamic. While scholars have made substantial contributions to our understanding of the design and practice of collaborative governance, others suggest that we lack theory for this emerging body of research. Law is often omitted as a variable. Scholarship generally does not explicitly include collaboration as a public value. This article addresses the dialogue on management, politics, and law with regard to collaborative governance. It provides an overview of the current legal framework for collaborative governance in the United States at the federal, state, and local levels of government and identifies gaps. The institutional analysis and development framework provides a body of theory that incorporates rules and law into research design. The article concludes that future research on collaborative governance should incorporate the legal framework as an important variable and collaboration as a public value.
The use of gelatine in long‐term storage (up to 48 hr) at 5°C preserves the pre‐freezing and post‐thawing quality of brown bear sperm
Authors: Lopez‐Urueña E , Anel‐López L , Borragan S , Ortega Ferrusola C , Manrique P , de Paz P , Anel L , Alvarez M 
Published: July 2016

ContentsSedimentation of spermatozoa occurs during long‐term liquid storage and this may produce deleterious changes. Our aim was to apply gelatine supplementation during long‐term pre‐freezing storage of bear sperm, applying final dilution and 6% glycerol at room temperature and cool in straws. We tested four models of sperm storage using a 1:1 dilution in TTF‐ULE‐Bear extender (TesT‐fructose‐egg yolk‐glycerol 6%): (i) second 1:1 dilution at room temperature (RT), cooling at 5°C in a tube and final dilution (100 × 106 sperm ml−1) (Standard); (ii) final dilution at RT and cooling in a tube (FD‐Tube); (iii) final dilution at RT and cooling in 0.25 ml plastic straw (FD‐Straw); and (iv) final dilution at RT in extender supplemented with 1.5% gelatine (Gelatine) and cooling in a 0.25 ml plastic straw. A Standard sample was stored at 5°C for 1 hr (Control); the rest of the samples (Standard, FD‐Tube, FD‐Straw, Gelatine) were stored for 24 or 48 hrs before freezing (100 × 106 sperm ml−1, glycerol 6%). The quality of the samples was assessed for motility by CASA, and viability (SYBR‐14/propidium iodide‐PI‐; VIAB), acrosomal status (PNA‐FITC/PI; iACR) and apoptotic status (YO‐PRO‐1/PI; YOPRO‐) by flow cytometry. At pre‐freezing, after 48 hr, Gelatine showed significantly higher viability (for VIAB and YOPRO‐) and progressiveness (PM, LIN and STR). At 48 hr, Gelatine showed similar YOPRO‐, iACR, LIN, STR and ALH respect to Control. At both 24 and 48 h post‐thawing, Gelatine sample had similar scores for YOPRO‐, iACR, LIN, STR, WOB and VIAB (only 24 hr) when compared with Control, and lower for TM, PM, rapidPM, VAP and ALH. No differences were found among others experimental groups with respect to Control. In conclusion, gelatine could be a suitable alternative to preserve the viability and progressive motility of brown bear ejaculates during long‐term pre‐freezing storage at 5°C.
The Association of Self‐Esteem with Individual and Contextual Levels of Social Capital: Evidence from a Multilevel Analysis*
Authors: Han Sehee 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo examine how much variance of self‐esteem is attributable to the administrative‐area level and whether the individual or administrative‐area level of social capital variables is associated with self‐esteem after controlling for control variables at multiple levels using multilevel analysis.MethodsThe data are from the 2010 (Wave 2) Seoul Welfare Panel Study conducted by the Seoul Welfare Foundation. The final sample for the current study yielded a total of 5,934 individuals nested in 2,847 households within 25 administrative areas.ResultsThe results indicate that 7.1 percent of variation in self‐esteem is attributed to administrative areas. Perceived helpfulness, organizational participation, and volunteer work were positively associated with self‐esteem at the individual level. Among the administrative‐area‐level social capital variables, only perceived helpfulness was positively associated with self‐esteem.ConclusionThe results of this study partially support one underlying, though yet unproven, hypothesis that social capital is linked to various psychological well‐being outcomes through self‐esteem. The results also indicated that social interventions including social capital to enhance one's self‐esteem may not be efficient if directed solely at the administrative‐area level, as a relatively small variation in self‐esteem was attributed to this level.
Science, Scientists, and Local Weather: Understanding Mass Perceptions of Global Warming*
Authors: Shao Wanyun , Garand James C. , Keim Barry D. , Hamilton Lawrence C. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of long‐term climate trends and short‐term weather fluctuations, evaluations of scientists and science, political predispositions, religious affiliation, the information environment, and demographic attributes on individuals’ views about whether global warming exists and, if so, whether it is a result of natural cycles or human activity.MethodsWe use data from the 2009 Pew General Public Science Survey, along with data on long‐ and short‐term patterns of temperature and precipitation in individuals’ home communities.ResultsWe find that long‐term trends in summer temperatures influence perceptions of global warming. Individuals who reside in communities with long‐term warming of summer temperatures that are coupled with long‐term cooling of spring temperatures are significantly more likely to perceive that global warming exists and is due to human activity. We also find that Americans' attitudes toward scientists and science, political dispositions, evangelical religious affiliation, education, and some demographic attributes all have discernible effects on their perceptions of anthropogenic (man‐made) global warming.ConclusionIndividuals’ attitudes toward global warming are influenced by long‐term temperature trends in their home communities, as well as a variety of attitudinal and demographic attributes.
Inter‐varietal structural variation in grapevine genomes
Authors: Cardone Maria Francesca , D'Addabbo Pietro , Alkan Can , Bergamini Carlo , Catacchio Claudia Rita , Anaclerio Fabio , Chiatante Giorgia , Marra Annamaria , Giannuzzi Giuliana , Perniola Rocco , Ventura Mario , Antonacci Donato 
Published: July 2016

SummaryGrapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the world's most important crop plants, which is of large economic value for fruit and wine production. There is much interest in identifying genomic variations and their functional effects on inter‐varietal, phenotypic differences. Using an approach developed for the analysis of human and mammalian genomes, which combines high‐throughput sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization, fluorescent in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR, we created an inter‐varietal atlas of structural variations and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) for the grapevine genome analyzing four economically and genetically relevant table grapevine varieties. We found 4.8 million SNVs and detected 8% of the grapevine genome to be affected by genomic variations. We identified more than 700 copy number variation (CNV) regions and more than 2000 genes subjected to CNV as potential candidates for phenotypic differences between varieties.
Factors associated with equine aural plaque in Brazil
Authors: Mira Juliana , Herman Mariana , Zakia Luiza S. , Olivo Giovane , Araujo Joao P. , Borges Alexandre S. , Oliveira‐Filho José P. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundAural plaques can be found on the inner surfaces of one or both ears of horses. Despite their low malignancy, these lesions can sometimes cause discomfort and sensitivity in horses, and a loss in commercial value due to their aesthetic effect. There has been a study describing the epidemiological features and the clinical prevalence of equine aural plaques in Brazil.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine the clinical prevalence and selected associated factors of aural plaques.AnimalsIn the study, 891 horses were assessed for aural plaques. The sample group had a median age of 5 years and comprised both sexes and various breeds from different regions of Brazil.MethodsHorses were evaluated by a general observation of the body and a detailed observation of both ears. Data on the management system, characteristics of the lesions, the presence of ticks and ear grooming were collected for 109 clinically affected horses. An assessment of the frequency distribution of the disease and its characteristics was performed. Association tests were conducted to establish the relationships between the variables studied.ResultsIn 85% (40 of 47) of farms assessed, at least one horse presented with aural plaques. In 14.8% (132 of 891) of the horses, lesions characteristic of aural plaque were detected. Significant associations between the prevalence of “coalescing” lesions and a “semi‐intensive” management system and ear grooming were detected.ConclusionsThe findings confirm the extensive distribution of this disease in Brazil and its association with several management factors.
The Effects of Mepivacaine Hydrochloride on Antimicrobial Activity and Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold During Amikacin Sulfate Regional Limb Perfusion in the Horse
Authors: Colbath Aimée C. , Wittenburg Luke A. , Gold Jenifer R. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Moorman Valerie J. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) with a combination of mepivacaine hydrochloride and amikacin sulfate on synovial fluid amikacin sulfate concentration, antimicrobial activity, and mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT).Study DesignExperimental study.AnimalsHealthy adult horses (n=9).MethodsOne IVRLP treatment was randomly administered by cephalic vein of each limb: amikacin alone (1 g amikacin in 60 mL saline) or amikacin with mepivacaine (1 g amikacin and 500 mg mepivacaine in 60 mL saline). Opposite treatments were repeated after a 24 hour wash‐out period. Amikacin concentration and antimicrobial activity were determined for synovial fluid from middle carpal joints at tourniquet removal and 30 minutes following. Zone of inhibition was determined for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. MNT was determined at 3 dorsal metacarpal locations prior to and after sedation, after Esmarch tourniquet application, and 30 minutes after IVRLP prior to and after tourniquet removal.ResultsTwo limbs from each treatment group were removed because of undetectable amikacin concentrations for a total of 14 data sets analyzed. Synovial fluid amikacin concentrations and zone of inhibition were not significantly different between treatments at any time point. MNT were significantly increased 30 minutes after IVRLP prior to and following tourniquet removal using amikacin and mepivacaine (median, range; 40.0 µg/mL, 38.7–40.0 and 40.0, 25.8–40.0, respectively) compared to amikacin alone (19.5 µg/mL, 18.7–25.6 and 15.3, 13.2–20.5, respectively).ConclusionAddition of mepivacaine to amikacin for IVRLP in the horse as a means of providing analgesia without decreasing antimicrobial activity.
Complete Genome Sequences of Nine
Bacillus cereus
Group Phages
Authors: Foltz Samantha , Johnson Allison A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

We report the sequences of nine novel
Bacillus cereus
group bacteriophages: DIGNKC, Juglone, Nemo, Nigalana, NotTheCreek, Phrodo, SageFayge, Vinny, and Zuko. These bacteriophages are double-stranded DNA-containing
Myoviridae
isolated from soil samples using
B. thuringiensis
subsp.
kurstaki
as the host bacterium.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Bacteriocinogenic Strain
Enterococcus faecalis
DBH18, Isolated from Mallard Ducks (
Anas platyrhynchos
)
Authors: Arbulu Sara , Jimenez Juan J. , Borrero Juan , Sánchez Jorge , Frantzen Cyril , Herranz Carmen , Nes Ingolf F. , Cintas Luis M. , Diep Dzung B. , Hernández Pablo E. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Enterococcus faecalis
DBH18, a bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacterium (LAB) isolated from mallard ducks (
Anas platyrhynchos
). The assembly contains 2,836,724 bp, with a G+C content of 37.6%. The genome is predicted to contain 2,654 coding DNA sequences (CDSs) and 50 RNAs.
Draft Genome Sequences of
Sphingobium
sp. Strain TCM1 and
Sphingomonas
sp. Strain TDK1, Haloalkyl Phosphate Flame Retardant- and Plasticizer-Degrading Bacteria
Authors: Kera Yoshio , Abe Katsumasa , Kasai Daisuke , Fukuda Masao , Takahashi Shouji 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Sphingobium
sp. strain TCM1 and
Sphingomonas
sp. strain TDK1 are haloalkyl phosphate flame retardant- and plasticizer-degrading bacteria. We report here the draft genome sequences of these strains to provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying their degradation ability.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Pseudomonas putida
CBF10-2, a Soil Isolate with Bioremediation Potential in Agricultural and Industrial Environmental Settings
Authors: Iyer Rupa , Damania Ashish 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas putida
CBF10-2 is a microorganism isolated from farmland soil in Fairchild, TX, found to degrade high-impact xenobiotics, including organophosphate insecticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, and both monocyclic and polycyclic aromatics. The versatility of CBF10-2 makes it useful for multipurpose bioremediation of contaminated sites in agricultural and industrial environments.
Impact of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on anaesthetic and surgical outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chiswell Christopher , Akram Yasmin 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundTobacco smoke exposure in adults is linked to adverse anaesthetic and surgical outcomes. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, including passive smoking, causes a number of known harms in children, but there is no established evidence review on its impact on intraoperative and postoperative outcomes.ObjectivesTo undertake a systematic review of the impact of ETS on the paediatric surgical pathway and to establish if there is evidence of anaesthetic, intraoperative and postoperative harm.Eligibility criteria participantsChildren aged 0–18 years undergoing anaesthetic or surgical procedures, any country, English language papers.ExposureETS exposure assessed via questioning, observation or biological marker.Outcome measuresFrequency of respiratory and other adverse events during anaesthesia, surgery and recovery, and longer term surgical outcomes.Results28 relevant studies were identified; 15 considered anaesthetic outcomes, 12 surgical outcomes, and 1 a secondary outcome. There was sufficient evidence to demonstrate that environmental smoke exposure significantly increased risk of perianaesthetic respiratory adverse events (Pooled risk ratio 2.52 CI 95% 1.68 to 3.77), and some evidence that ear and sinus surgery outcomes were poorer for children exposed to ETS.ConclusionsETS exposure increases the risk of anaesthetic complications and some negative surgical outcomes in children, and this should be considered when planning surgery. Research is required to demonstrate whether changes in household smoking behaviour prior to surgery reduces risk of adverse outcomes, and to close the evidence gap around other outcomes such as wound healing and respiratory infections.Trial registration numberReview registration number 42014014557.
How older citizens engage in their health promotion: a qualitative research-driven taxonomy of experiences and meanings
Authors: Menichetti Julia , Graffigna Guendalina 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesIn this qualitative study, we provide an in-depth exploration of older people's experiences and subjective meanings concerning their engagement in health promotion as well as the emotional and pragmatic difficulties they face during their engagement.MethodsThe study was designed according to the ethnoscience method, which implies a participatory process that values patients' linguistic expressions to deeply understand the phenomena under the investigation and to give it a meaning. Using this method, thanks to repeated rounds of interviews and the Q-sorting task, participants created a dictionary, with the assistance of the researcher, to describe the phenomenon of interest. They agreed on a shared taxonomy of meanings and experiences related to the phenomenon. 25 North Italian older citizens participated in this study.ResultsParticipants described a shared taxonomy of health engagement experiences by depicting 3 main positions (ie, locked position; awakening position; climbing position), which represented different experiential domains grouped by participants into 4 main semantic areas (eg, physical care, soul care, daily lifestyle, contact with ageing). Each position is characterised by specific emotions, personal representations of meaning and healthy behaviours that may sustain or hinder older citizens' engagement in health promotion.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest the importance of deeply understanding older peoples' experiences and their subjective meanings of health promotion. In particular, the results showed how their engagement in health promotion is framed in a complex system of psychological meanings, which may sustain or hinder their ability to adopt healthy behaviours. A deeper understanding of older citizens' lived experiences, their doubts and their difficulties in engaging in health promotion may offer some important cues for orienting interventions in this area.
Medical professionals' perspectives on prescribed and over-the-counter medicines containing codeine: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Foley Michelle , Carney Tara , Rich Eileen , Parry Charles , Van Hout Marie-Claire , Deluca Paolo 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo explore prescribing practitioners' perspectives on prescribed codeine use, their ability to identify dependence and their options for treatment in the UK.DesignCross-sectional design using a questionnaire containing closed-ended and open-ended items.SettingA nationally representative sample of prescribing professionals working in the UK.Participants300 prescribing professionals working in primary care and pain settings.ResultsParticipants stated that they regularly reviewed patients prescribed codeine, understood the risks of dependence and recognised the potential for codeine to be used recreationally. Over half the participants felt patients were unaware of the adverse health consequences of high doses of combination codeine medicines. One-quarter of participants experienced patient resentment when asking about medicines containing codeine. Just under 40% of participants agreed that it was difficult to identify problematic use of codeine without being informed by the patient and did not feel confident in identification of codeine dependence. Less than 45% of all participants agreed that codeine dependence could be managed effectively in general practice. Slow or gradual withdrawal was the most popular suggested treatment in managing dependence. Education and counselling was also emphasised in managing codeine-dependent patients in primary care.ConclusionsCommunication with patients should involve assessment of patient understanding of their medication, including the risk of dependence. There is a need to develop extra supports for professionals including patient screening tools for identifying codeine dependence. The support structure for managing codeine-dependent patients in primary care requires further examination.
Presence of minor and major mental health impairment in adolescence and death from suicide and unintentional injuries/accidents in men: a national longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Fadum Elin Anita , Fønnebø Vinjar , Borud Einar Kristian 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the association between minor and major mental health impairment in late adolescence and death from suicide and unintentional injuries/accidents in men.MethodsIn Norway, all men attend a compulsory military medical and psychological examination. We included 558 949 men aged 17–19 years at the time of military examination in 1980–1999 and followed them up for death from suicide and unintentional injuries/accidents until the end of 2013. We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between the presence of minor and major mental health impairments at examination and death from suicide and unintentional injuries/accidents.ResultsCompared to men with no mental health impairment, those with minor mental health impairment was associated with an increased risk of death from suicide (adjusted HR (HRadj)=1.63, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.92), transport accidents (HRadj=1.33, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.63), accidental poisoning (HRadj=2.27, 95% CI 1.79 to 2.88) and other unintentional injuries/accidents (HRadj=1.54, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.02). In men with major mental health impairment, the risk of death from suicide and accidental poisoning was elevated two times (HRadj=2.29, 95% CI 1.85 to 2.85) and three times (HRadj=3.53, 95% CI 2.61 to 4.79), respectively.ConclusionsWe found an increased risk of death from suicide and unintentional injuries/accidents in men who had minor and major mental health impairment at age 17–19 years.