bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moment‐matching based model reduction for Navier–Stokes type quadratic‐bilinear descriptor systems
Authors: Ahmad Mian Ilyas , Benner Peter , Goyal Pawan , Heiland Jan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe discuss a Krylov subspace projection method for model reduction of a special class of quadratic‐bilinear descriptor systems. The goal is to extend the two‐sided moment‐matching method for quadratic‐bilinear ODEs to descriptor systems in an efficient and reliable way. Recent results have shown that the direct application of interpolation based model reduction techniques to linear descriptor systems, without any modifications, may lead to poor reduced‐order systems. Therefore, for the analysis, we transform the quadratic‐bilinear descriptor system into an equivalent quadratic‐bilinear ODE system for which the moment‐matching is performed. In view of implementation, we provide algorithms that identify the required Krylov subspaces without explicitly computing the projectors used in the analysis. The benefits of our approach are illustrated for the quadratic‐bilinear descriptor systems corresponding to semi‐discretized Navier–Stokes equations.
Pectin Penta‐Oligogalacturonide Suppresses Intestinal Bile Acids Absorption and Downregulates the FXR‐FGF15 Axis in High‐Cholesterol Fed Mice
Authors: Zhu Rugang , Hou Yuting , Sun Yandi , Li Tuoping , Fan Jungang , Chen Gang , Wei Junxiu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHaw pectin penta‐oligogalacturonide (HPPS), purified from the hydrolysates of haw pectin, has important role in decreasing hepatic cholesterol accumulation and promoting bile acids (BA) excretion in the feces of mice fed a high‐cholesterol diet (HCD). However, the mechanism is not clear. This study aims to investigate the effects of HPPS on BA reabsorption in ileum and biosynthesis in liver of mice. Results showed that HPPS increased fecal BA output by approximately 110%, but decreased ileal BA and the total BA pool size by approximately 47 and 36%, respectively, compared to HCD. Studies of molecular mechanism revealed that HPPS significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the small intestine of mice and inactivated the fibroblast growth factor 15 (FXR‐FGF15) axis, which increased the mRNA and protein levels of CYP7A1 by approximately 204 and 104%, respectively, compared to HCD. Interestingly, the mRNA and protein levels of apical sodium‐dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) in the small intestine were approximately 128 and 73% higher in HPPS‐fed mice than those in HCD‐fed mice, respectively. However, no significant difference was detected for ASBT expression between HCD group and BA sequestrant cholestyramine group. These findings indicate that HPPS can suppress intestinal BA reabsorption and promoting hepatic BA biosynthesis. We speculated that HPPS could be ASBT competitive inhibitor rather than BA sequestrant in inhibiting BA reabsorption in ileum and improving cholesterol metabolism.
The structure of PTSD symptoms according to DSM-5 and IDC-11 proposal: A multi-sample analysis
Authors: Cyniak-Cieciura M. , Staniaszek K. , Popiel A. , Pragłowska E. , Zawadzki B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms structure is a subject of ongoing debate since its inclusion in DSM-III classification in 1980. Different research on PTSD symptoms structure proved the better fit of four-factor and five-factor models comparing to the one proposed by DSM-IV. With the publication of DSM-5 classification, which introduced significant changes to PTSD diagnosis, the question arises about the adequacy of the proposed criteria to the real structure of disorder symptoms. Recent analyses suggest that seven-factor hybrid model is the best reflection of symptoms structure proposed to date. At the same time, some researchers and ICD-11 classification postulate a simplification of PTSD diagnosis restricting it to only three core criteria and adding additional diagnostic unit of complex-PTSD. This research aimed at checking symptoms’ structure according to well-known and supported four-, five-, six- and seven-factor models based on DSM-5 symptoms and the conceptualization proposed by the ICD-11 as well as examining the relation between PTSD symptoms categories with borderline personality disorder. Four different trauma populations were examined with self-reported Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale for DSM-5 (PDS-5) measure. The results suggest that six- and seven-factor hybrid model as well as three-factor ICD-11 concept fits the data better than other models. The core PTSD symptoms were less related to borderline personality disorder than other, broader, symptoms categories only in one sample. Combination of ICD-11 simplified PTSD diagnosis with the more complex approach (e.g. basing on a seven-factor model) may be an attractive proposal for both scientists and practitioners, however does not necessarily lower its comorbidity with borderline personality disorder.
Prophylactic Acetaminophen or Ibuprofen Result in Equivalent Acute Mountain Sickness Incidence at High Altitude: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Kanaan Nicholas C. , Peterson Alicia L. , Pun Matiram , Holck Peter S. , Starling Jennifer , Basyal Bikash , Freeman Thomas F. , Gehner Jessica R. , Keyes Linda , Levin Dana R. , O’Leary Catherine J. , Stuart Katherine E. , Thapa Ghan B. , Tiwari Aditya , Velgersdyk Jared L. , Zafren Ken , Basnyat Buddha 
Published: May 2017

Objective Recent trials have demonstrated the usefulness of ibuprofen in the prevention of acute mountain sickness (AMS), yet the proposed anti-inflammatory mechanism remains unconfirmed. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen were tested for AMS prevention. We hypothesized that a greater clinical effect would be seen from ibuprofen due to its anti-inflammatory effects compared with acetaminophen’s mechanism of possible symptom reduction by predominantly mediating nociception in the brain. Methods A double-blind, randomized trial was conducted testing acetaminophen vs ibuprofen for the prevention of AMS. A total of 332 non-Nepali participants were recruited at Pheriche (4371 m) and Dingboche (4410 m) on the Everest Base Camp trek. The participants were randomized to either acetaminophen 1000 mg or ibuprofen 600 mg 3 times a day until they reached Lobuche (4940 m), where they were reassessed. The primary outcome was AMS incidence measured by the Lake Louise Questionnaire score. Results Data from 225 participants who met inclusion criteria were analyzed. Twenty-five participants (22.1%) in the acetaminophen group and 18 (16.1%) in the ibuprofen group developed AMS ( P = .235). The combined AMS incidence was 19.1% (43 participants), 14 percentage points lower than the expected AMS incidence of untreated trekkers in prior studies at this location, suggesting that both interventions reduced the incidence of AMS. Conclusions We found little evidence of any difference between acetaminophen and ibuprofen groups in AMS incidence. This suggests that AMS prevention may be multifactorial, affected by anti-inflammatory inhibition of the arachidonic-acid pathway as well as other analgesic mechanisms that mediate nociception. Additional study is needed.
Smale solenoid attractors and affine Hirsch foliations
Authors: YU BIN 
Published: May 2017

The main purpose of this paper is to study north–south Smale solenoid diffeomorphisms on$3$-manifolds by using affine Hirsch foliations. A north–south Smale solenoid diffeomorphism$f$on a closed$3$-manifold$M$is a diffeomorphism whose non-wandering set is composed of a Smale solenoid attractor$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}_{a}$and a Smale solenoid repeller$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}_{r}$. The key observation is that a north–south Smale solenoid diffeomorphism$f$automatically induces two non-isotopically leaf-conjugate affine Hirsch foliations${\mathcal{H}}^{s}$and${\mathcal{H}}^{u}$on the orbit space of the wandering set of$f$(abbreviated to thewandering orbit spaceof$f$) by the stable and unstable manifolds of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}_{a}$and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}_{r}$, respectively. Under this viewpoint, we build some close relationships between north–south Smale solenoid diffeomorphisms and Hirsch manifolds (the closed$3$-manifolds admitting two non-isotopically leaf-conjugate affine Hirsch foliations).∙On the one hand, the union of the wandering orbit spaces is nearly in one-to-one correspondence with the union of Hirsch manifolds.∙On the other hand, surprisingly, the topology of the wandering orbit space (Hirsch manifold) is nearly a complete invariant of north–south Smale solenoid diffeomorphisms up to semi-global conjugacy.Moreover, as applications, we consider several more concrete questions. For instance, we prove that every diffeomorphism in many semi-global conjugacy classes of north–south Smale solenoid diffeomorphisms are not structurally stable.
A sticky situation
Authors: Brun P.-T. 
Published: May 2017

The whirling helical structure obtained when pouring honey onto toast may seem like an easy enough problem to solve at breakfast. Specifically, one would hope that a quick back-of-the-envelope scaling argument would help rationalize the observed behaviour and predict the coiling frequency. Not quite: multiple forces come into play, both in the part of the flow stretched by gravity and in the coil itself, which buckles and bends like a rope. In fact, the resulting abundance of regimes requires the careful numerical continuation method reported by Ribe (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 812, 2017, R2) to build a complete phase diagram of the problem and untangle this sticky situation.
Ethnic inequality in retirement income: a comparative analysis of immigrant–native gaps in Western Europe
Authors: HEISIG JAN PAUL , LANCEE BRAM , RADL JONAS 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTPrevious research unequivocally shows that immigrants are less successful in the labour market than the native-born population. However, little is known about whether ethnic inequality persists after retirement. We use data on 16 Western European countries from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC, 2004–2013) to provide the first comparative study of ethnic inequalities among the population aged 65 and older. We focus on the retirement income gap (RIG) between immigrants from non-European Union countries and relate its magnitude to country differences in welfare state arrangements. Ethnic inequality after retirement is substantial: after adjusting for key characteristics including age, education and occupational status, the average immigrant penalty across the 16 countries is 28 per cent for men and 29 per cent for women. Country-level regressions show that income gaps are smaller in countries where the pension system is more redistributive. We also find that easy access to long-term residence is associated with larger RIGs, at least for men. There is no clear evidence that immigrants’ access to social security programmes, welfare state transfers to working-age households or the strictness of employment protection legislation affect the size of the RIG.
Polynomial chaos assessment of design tolerances for vortex-induced vibrations of two cylinders in tandem
Authors: Geraci Gianluca , De Tullio Marco Donato , Iaccarino Gianluca 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe presence of aerodynamics loadings makes the design of some classes of elastic structures, as, for instance, marine structures and risers, very challenging. Moreover, capturing the complex physical interaction between the structure and the fluid is challenging for both theoretical and numerical models. One of the most important phenomena that appear in these situations is vortex-induced vibrations. The picture is even more complicated when multiple elastic elements are close enough to interact by modifying the fluid flow pattern. In the present work, we show how the common design practice for these structures, which is entirely based on deterministic simulations, needs to be complemented by the uncertainty quantification analysis. The model problem is a structure constituted by two elastically mounted cylinders exposed to a two-dimensional uniform flow at Reynolds number 200. The presence of a manufacturing tolerance in the relative position of the two cylinders, which we consider to be a source of uncertainty, is addressed. The overall numerical procedure is based on a Navier–Stokes immersed boundary solver that uses a flexible moving least squares approach to compute the aerodynamics loadings on the structure, whereas the uncertainty quantification propagation is obtained by means of a nonintrusive polynomial chaos technique. A range of reduced velocities is considered, and the quantification, in a probabilistic sense, of the difference in the performances of this structure with respect to the case of an isolated cylinder is provided. The numerical investigation is also complemented by a global sensitivity analysis based on the analysis of variance.
Change mode and effects analysis by enhanced grey relational analysis under subjective environments
Authors: Zhu Guo-Niu , Hu Jie , Qi Jin , He Tao , Peng Ying-Hong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChange mode and effects analysis (CMEA) is a powerful technique for measuring product flexibility toward future changes and diminishing the cost of redesign as well as shortening time to market. As a systematic methodology, it provides an in-depth view for the investigation of potential changes, causes, and effects in designs, products, and processes. Traditional CMEA determines the risk priorities of change modes by using change potential number, which requires the risk factors of design flexibility, occurrence, and readiness to be precisely evaluated. However, this is not always possible in real applications due to the uncertainty and subjectivity involved in the early design stages. It has been criticized much for its deficiencies in criteria weighting of the risk factors, change potential number calculation, and risk priorities determination of the change modes. This paper presents a systematic evaluation approach for determining a more rational rank of change modes by combining with the entropy weight method, rough number, and grey relational analysis. In this study, the entropy weight method is adopted to calculate the relative importance of risk factors. Rough number is presented to aggregate individual weights and preferences, and to manipulate the vagueness in the evaluation process. Then a rough number enhanced grey relational analysis is proposed to evaluate the risk ranking of change modes. Finally, a practical example is put forward to validate the performance of the proposed method. The result shows that the proposed change mode evaluation method can effectively overcome the shortcomings of traditional CMEA and strengthen the objectivity of product flexibility measurement.
Connectedness with things. Animated objects of Viking Age Scandinavia and early medieval Europe
Authors: Lund Julie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article examines a small group of artefacts of the Viking Age that may have been perceived as animated objects. These specific weapons and pieces of jewellery appear in narratives in the Old Norse sources as named, as having a will of their own, as possessing personhood. In archaeological contexts the same types of artefact are handled categorically differently than the rest of the material culture. Further, the possible links between these perspectives and the role of animated objects in early medieval Christianity of the Carolingian Empire are examined through studies of the reopening of Reihengräber and the phenomenon offurta sacra. By linking studies of the social biographies of objects with studies of animism, the article aims to identify aspects of Viking Age ontology and its similarities to Carolingian Christianity.
The automated patient discharge summary: improving communication at transfers of care after completion of radiotherapy
Authors: Rozanec Natalie , Chan Edwin , Malam Shaziya , Loudon James 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo develop an auto-generated patient discharge summary for all patients being treated in the Radiation Therapy Department.Materials and methodsA patient discharge summary was developed using auto-generated data for all patients being treated in the Radiation Therapy Department. This ensures information relevant to the care of the patient is communicated effectively during transitions of care following radiation treatment, and provides a record of the treatment site(s), dose delivered, start/completion dates and contact information for Radiation Oncologists. The eScribe feature in MosaiQTM is utilised to auto-generate the patient discharge summary in less than one minute, and then printed and given to patients on the last day of treatment. This was piloted with palliative radiotherapy patients (n=22), who also completed a telephone survey.ResultsResults revealed patients had passed this document onto other healthcare providers and appreciated having a record of their treatments. Feedback was obtained from radiation therapy staff and the Patient and Family Advisory Committee. Subsequently, the language of the patient discharge summary was simplified and a disclaimer was added, indicating the document is not a complete radiation therapy treatment record. This initiative was then rolled out to all radiotherapy patients.FindingsOverall, the patient discharge summary allows for a quick, automated and standardised approach for transfer of information during care transitions without significant impact to the Radiation Therapy Departmental workflow.
A stochastic Expectation–Maximisation (EM) algorithm for construction of mortality tables
Authors: Esparza Luz Judith R. , Baltazar-Larios Fernando 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present an extension of the model proposed by Lin & Liu that uses the concept of physiological age to model the ageing process by using phase-type distributions to calculate the probability of death. We propose a finite-state Markov jump process to model the hypothetical ageing process in which it is possible the transition rates between non-consecutive physiological ages. Since the Markov process has only a single absorbing state, the death time follows a phase-type distribution. Thus, to build a mortality table the challenge is to estimate this matrix based on the records of the ageing process. Considering the nature of the data, we consider two cases: having continuous time information of the ageing process, and the more interesting and realistic case, having reports of the process just in determined times. If the ageing process is only observed at discrete time points we have a missing data problem, thus, we use a stochastic Expectation–Maximisation (SEM) algorithm to find the maximum likelihood estimator of the intensity matrix. And in order to do that, we build Markov bridges which are sampled using the Bisection method. The theory is illustrated by a simulation study and used to fit real data.
Loss of miR-514a-3p regulation of PEG3 activates the NF-kappa B pathway in human testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: Özata Deniz Mahmut , Li Xidan , Lee Linkiat , Liu Jikai , Warsito Dudi , Hajeri Praveensingh , Hultman Isabell , Fotouhi Omid , Marklund Stefan , Ährlund-Richter Lars , Juhlin Carl Christofer , Larsson Catharina , Lui Weng-Onn 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDeregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to the development and progression of many cancer types; however, their functions in the pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) remain unclear. Here, we determined miRNA expression profiles of TGCTs and normal testes using small RNA sequencing, and identified several deregulated miRNAs in TGCTs, including the miR-506~514 cluster. In functional studies in vitro we demonstrated that miR-514a-3p induced apoptosis through direct regulation of the paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3), and ectopically expressed PEG3 could rescue the apoptotic effect of miR-514a-3p overexpression. Silencing of PEG3 or miR-514a-3p overexpression reduced nuclear accumulation of p50 and NF-κB reporter activity. Furthermore, PEG3 was co-immunoprecipitated with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) in TGCT cell lysates. We propose a model of PEG3-mediated activation of NF-κB in TGCT. Loss of miR-514a-3p expression in TGCT increases PEG3 expression that recruits TRAF2 and activates the NF-kappa B pathway, which protects germ cells from apoptosis. Importantly, we observed strong expression of PEG3 and nuclear p50 in the majority of TGCTs (83% and 78%, respectively). In conclusion, our study describes a novel function for miR-514a-3p in TGCT and highlights an unrecognized mechanism of PEG3 regulation and NF-κB activation in TGCT.
MiR-1 suppresses tumor cell proliferation in colorectal cancer by inhibition of Smad3-mediated tumor glycolysis
Authors: Xu Wanfu , Zhang Zijing , Zou Kejian , Cheng Yang , Yang Min , Chen Huan , Wang Hongli , Zhao Junhong , Chen Peiyu , He Liying , Chen Xinwen , Geng Lanlan , Gong Sitang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAberrant expression of microRNA (miR)-1 has been observed in many human malignancies. However, the function and underlying mechanism of miR-1 remains elusive. To address the specific role of miR-1 in tumor glycolysis using the gain- or loss-of-function studies. Metabolic studies combined with gene expression analysis were performed in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated aberrant expression of miR-1 in aerobic glycolysis, the Warburg effect, in cancer cells. MiR-1 suppressed aerobic glycolysis and tumor cell proliferation via inactivation of Smad3 and targeting HIF-1α, leading to reduce HK2 and MCT4 expression, which illustrated a novel pathway to mediate aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Overexpression of miR-1 mimics significantly decreased tumor glycolysis, including lactate production and glucose uptake, and cell proliferation, and these effects were reversed by ectopic expression of Smad3. Importantly, endogenous Smad3 regulated and interacted with HIF-1α, resulting in increasing activity of Smad3, and this interaction was dramatically abolished by addition of miR-1. We further demonstrated that Smad3 was central to the effects of miR-1 in colorectal cancer cells, establishing a previously unappreciated mechanism by which the miR-1/Smad3/HIF-1α axis facilitates the Warburg effect to promote cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. The results indicate that miR-1 may have an essential role as a tumor suppressor, suggesting its potential role in molecular therapy of patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Automated multiplex genome-scale engineering in yeast
Authors: Si Tong , Chao Ran , Min Yuhao , Wu Yuying , Ren Wen , Zhao Huimin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGenome-scale engineering is indispensable in understanding and engineering microorganisms, but the current tools are mainly limited to bacterial systems. Here we report an automated platform for multiplex genome-scale engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an important eukaryotic model and widely used microbial cell factory. Standardized genetic parts encoding overexpression and knockdown mutations of >90% yeast genes are created in a single step from a full-length cDNA library. With the aid of CRISPR-Cas, these genetic parts are iteratively integrated into the repetitive genomic sequences in a modular manner using robotic automation. This system allows functional mapping and multiplex optimization on a genome scale for diverse phenotypes including cellulase expression, isobutanol production, glycerol utilization and acetic acid tolerance, and may greatly accelerate future genome-scale engineering endeavours in yeast.