bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Novel Eugenol‐Containing Polysilsesquioxanes with a Flexible Spacer and Their Use for Functional Anticorrosive Coatings
Authors: Ageenkov Alexander D. , Rozhkov Ilya M. , Piskarev Mikhail S. , Soldatov Mikhail A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe destruction of various structural materials and products in aggressive atmospheric conditions demands for the development of more resistant and improved oligomers and polymers for adhesive coatings with barrier properties, which could prevent corrosion and rapid aging of metals and polymers. In this article, we demonstrate the synthesis of novel polysilsesquioxane containing a covalently bonded eugenol, being a corrosion inhibitor of natural origin. The research demonstrates the synthesis of a monomer from eugenol and MPTMS by the UV‐initiated thiol‐ene reaction. Polysilsesquioxanes were synthesized by hydrolytic and acidohydrolytic polycondensation methods. The 29Si NMR spectroscopy shows the difference in the chemical structures of the obtained products. The synthesized polysilsesquioxanes have a glass transition temperature of −6.5 °C and −7.2 °C for hydrolytic and acidohydrolytic polycondensation, respectively. At the same time, rheokinetics shows a significant difference in the curing of polysilsesquioxanes obtained by two different methods in the temperature range of 150–190 °C. So, it was shown that the product obtained by acidohydrolytic polycondensation exhibited much lower ability for the formation of cross‐linked networks. The product, obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation, exhibited good coating performance, and the obtained coatings showed high anticorrosive efficiency.
A Comprehensive Electrochemical Investigation of AuNPs‐Modified Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrodes for Domoic Acid Detection and Its Effect on Endothelial Cells
Authors: Koç Yücel , Avci Huseyin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe goal of this study was to design and construct a biosensor for detecting domoic acid (DA) using bioimmobilization of DA antibodies on the surface of screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) enhanced with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). To accomplish this aim, the SPCE surface was modified by applying AuNPs using electrodeposition, and the optimum modification time was determined by using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed to thoroughly analyze the electrochemical alterations in SPCEs prior to and during the modification with AuNPs. In addition, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the structural surface characteristics, topography, and contact angle measurements. The limit of detection (LOD) for the AuNPs‐modified SPCE was determined to be 1.069 ng/mL, whereas the limit of quantification (LOQ) for DA was found to be 3.52 ng/mL using the EIS technique. While many studies concentrate on identifying target molecules through nanoparticle modification, our research surpasses this by offering a comprehensive electrochemical analysis of the modification of AuNPs and a thorough assessment of the changes in the microstructure of the electrode surface. This strategy greatly enhances the progress of biosensor development in the area. In addition, we investigated the harmful effects of DA on human endothelial cells EA.hy926 by subjecting them to different concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1 ng/mL for a duration of 24 h. This experiment demonstrated that there was a decrease in cell viability that was directly proportional to the concentration of DA.
Green Synthesis of BaSO4 NPs Using Antigonon Leptopus and Its Applications on Dye Degradation and Seedling Growth
Authors: Chelliah D. Abiya , Cynthia P. , Selson S. Paul David , Sheela P. Jeya , Amutha M. , Jebaraj J. Winfred , Edison S. Darwin Paul , Muthuvel S. , Gnanasangeetha D. , Anushya M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study presents barium sulfate nanoparticles (BaSO4 NPs) synthesis and characterization using leaf extract from Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. Various analytical techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to confirm the structural properties, crystallinity, surface morphology, chemical purity, and presence of organic compounds. The XRD analysis indicated the crystallinity of BaSO4 NPs with an average crystallite size of 7.8 nm, whereas SEM imaging revealed round morphology and EDX confirmed good chemical purity. FTIR spectroscopy provided evidence of both BaSO4 NPs and organic compounds from the leaf extract. The synthesized BaSO4 NP was then applied to degrade four different azo and azonium dyes, demonstrating effectiveness under various conditions. Furthermore, the impact of BaSO4 NP on the germination and growth of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv.) was investigated. Preliminary findings suggested that BaSO4 NPs promoted seed germination and growth of foxtail millet at low concentrations. However, caution is advised as higher concentrations may have a toxic effect. Overall, this study highlights the potential of bio‐forged BaSO4 NPs for environmental remediation (dye degradation) and agricultural applications (enhancement of seed germination and growth) while emphasizing the importance of dosage control due to potential toxicity at higher concentrations.
Silanization Improves the Performance of Reduced Graphene Oxide as Biomaterial for Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Rathnam V Shanmuga Sharan , Tiwari Devendra , Agarwal Tarun , Mohanty Biswaranjan , Banerjee Indranil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a potential biomaterial for tissue engineering, photothermal therapy, and drug delivery. However, the hydrophobic nature of rGO results in poor dispersibility in a physiologically relevant aqueous environment, limiting its biomedical applications. To surmount this problem, here, we have developed a silanized derivative of reduced graphene oxide (rSiGO) using 3‐Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and evaluated its impact on [I] stability of rGO in different aqueous solvents, [ii] drug loading capacities, and [iii] biocompatibility. The physico‐chemical characterization suggested that silanization alters the 2D carbon skeleton of rGO to a certain extent and improves its aqueous dispersibility and drug‐loading capacity. The in vitro cytocompatibility study showed that rSiGO was compatible with the human dermal fibroblasts and murine fibroblast cell lines. It was also found that rSiGO possesses a higher loading capacity for hydrophilic drugs than rGO. The drug‐loaded rSiGO showed higher cytotoxicity against hepatocarcinoma cells by inducing intracellular reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, and nuclear fragmentation. In vivo systemic toxicity studies in mice showed that the rSiGO is nontoxic at the tested concentration. These results clearly showed that silanization improves the aqueous dispersibility, drug loading capacity, and biocompatibility of rGO making it a better candidate for various biomedical applications.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis Method for the Production of Carbon Nano Dots and Its Genotoxicity Assessment
Authors: Tekin Zeynep , Ergenler Ayşegül , Zaman Buse Tuğba , Tahir Günkara Ömer , Depci Tolga , Turan Funda , Bakırdere Sezgin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, nitrogen‐doped carbon nanodots (N‐CNDs) were synthesized from Citrus reticulata using microwave‐assisted process and material's genotoxic effects were investigated in Daphnia magna. Morphological size and shape variations of the synthesized N‐CNDs were evaluated by using zetasizer and transmission electron microscope. Acute/chronic toxicity experiments were performed using method by OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) 202–212 guidelines. Daphnia magna was subjected to the N‐CNDs produced from Citrus reticulata at the different concentrations ranging between 0.04 and0.24 mg tangerine equivalent N‐CND/mL for 96 h at 20 °C. After 96 h, the LC50 (lethal concentration‐ at which 50% of cells) value of N‐CNDs was determined to be 0.1 mg equivalent N‐CND/mL using probit analysis. Based on toxicity levels determined by EU‐Directive 93/67/EEC, N‐CNDs are classified in the nontoxic category. The toxicological assessments of sublethal concentrations of N‐CNDs demonstrated that 0.013 mg tangerine equivalent N‐CND/mL dose group exhibited a similar profile to the control group, indicating its safety. Although the DNA damage frequency of the 0.03 and 0.06 mg equivalent N‐CND/mL dose groups was found to be higher than control group, these levels were observed almost 70% lower than the DNA damage frequency found in the mutagenic group/positive group.
Exploring New Small Molecule Inhibitors for SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro: A Comprehensive Computational Study
Authors: Hernández‐Hernández José Manuel , Ávila‐Avilés Rodolfo Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 3C‐like protease (3CLpro) has emerged as a key target for drug development owing to its crucial role in viral replication of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. In this study, we employed a ligand‐based virtual screening strategy to identify potential small molecules capable of binding to SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro. Using GC376 as a reference compound, we conducted a comprehensive search in a chemical database and identified 178 candidate molecules (CPLs) with structural similarity to GC376. Molecular docking analyses revealed that several CPLs exhibited superior binding affinities to SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro compared to GC376. Notably, CPL‐390, CPL‐374, and CPL‐306 displayed the highest binding energies, indicating their potential as inhibitors of SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro. Detailed analysis of noncovalent interactions and molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MMGBSA) calculations further supported the binding affinity of CPLs to SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro. Key interactions with catalytic residues and steric hindrance within the binding pocket highlighted potential inhibition mechanisms for CPL‐306, CPL‐374, and CPL‐390. Moreover, pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that CPL‐306, CPL‐374, and CPL‐390 possessed favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties, positioning them as promising candidates for further drug development. In contrast, GC376 exhibited less favorable pharmacological characteristics, emphasizing the need for novel compounds with improved profiles.
Substitution Box Construction Using Transfer‐Function Assisted Metaheuristic and Booster Algorithm: A Hybrid Approach
Authors: Shadab Mohd , Jawed Md Saquib , Sajid Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTS‐box strengthens the encryption and decryption process by introducing nonlinearity and protecting the encrypted data against various differential and linear cryptanalytic attacks. Generating a highly nonlinear S‐box with maximal nonlinearity is computationally impractical due to the expansive search space, classifying it as an NP‐hard problem. This paper proposes the Hawkboost algorithm, a novel hybrid method merging the Harris Hawks optimization algorithm (HHO) and the Booster algorithm for generating highly nonlinear S‐boxes with low computational efforts. The HHO algorithm is utilized to navigate in the large permutation search space to find an S‐box with acceptable cryptographic properties. The HHO algorithm is assisted by the Transfer function and Random Key (RK) method to speed up the S‐box design process. Additionally, the Booster algorithm enhances S‐box nonlinearity by applying random local operators like swap and inversion, effectively reshaping elements of S‐box. This novel combination of methodologies facilitates the efficient generation of S‐boxes that exhibit excellent cryptographic properties while addressing key challenges in S‐box optimization. The performance of the proposed S‐box has been analyzed by comparing various state‐of‐the‐art S‐boxes based on numerous characteristics including average nonlinearity, strict Avalanche criterion (SAC), SAC offset, bit independence criterion (BIC), linear approximation probability (LP), differential approximation probability (DP), fixed points, opposite fixed points, and cycle counts. The results from experiments and analysis based on multiple metrics show that the proposed Hawkboost algorithm satisfies all requirements for safe and reliable S‐boxes without sacrificing any crucial security features.
Exploring Novel Frontiers in Online Privacy Ethics
Authors: Gavrilov Doina 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSocial networks have become a new environment in which a large part of our daily life has been transposed. It has become a new research environment and tool for two reasons: It is easy and cheap to use and offers the chance to provide a large amount of novelty. However, questions arise as people navigate privacy on social media differently than in real life, meaning, less intuitively and over a longer time. With this in mind, this study examines how people perceive privacy on social networks and how collecting data without consent violates users' privacy rights, even when the information is public. For this, we focus on the Romanian case study and explore new perspectives on online research to uphold human rights and maintain research objectivity. The results show that managing privacy online is not intuitive, and it requires time for the users to understand how their data can be accessed and used, and to learn the tools they can employ to limit other's access to personal information. We also have found that the majority of our study participants see social networks as a tool for socialization and the use of their information outside this purpose violates their privacy rights. The paper proposes a set of principles and markers to help researchers differentiate between personal and public information to comply with research ethics and not breach human rights.
Advances in colored carbon‐based fiber materials and their emerging applications
Authors: Zhang Yu , Luo Yuxin , Wang Mengqi , Xing Tonghe , He Annan , Huang Zhiyu , Shi Zhicheng , Qiao Sijie , Tong Aixin , Bai Jie , Zhao Shichao , Chen Fengxiang , Xu Weilin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCarbon‐based fiber materials are widely used in aerospace, military, and electronics owing to their outstanding comprehensive properties. However, the high degree of crystallization and chemical inertness of their surfaces impede the coloring of such materials by traditional dyeing methods, thereby limiting their application in a broader field. Exploring advanced micro/nano‐processing technology for colored carbon‐based fiber materials has become a growing interdisciplinary research area in recent years. Therefore, this review comprehensively discusses the structure‒color‒function relationships of carbon‐based fiber materials. The structure of carbon‐based fiber materials and their properties responsible for challenges in coloring by traditional dyeing methods are discussed. Moreover, the color‐generating mechanisms underlying the display of structural colors by living organisms due to fundamental optical phenomena, including thin/multilayer‐film interference, diffraction grating, scattering, and photonic crystals, are described. Furthermore, recent progress in bio‐inspirated colored carbon‐based fiber materials prepared via advanced micro/nanoscale manufacturing strategies is reviewed. In addition, emerging applications of colored carbon‐based fiber materials in various fields are presented. Finally, the possible challenges and future directions for the design, large‐scale production, and application of colored carbon‐based fiber materials and their composites are discussed, aiming to promote the material design of innovative next‐generation systems and research in the advanced material and related engineering fields.
Unveiling effectiveness: A meta‐analysis of professional development programs in science education
Authors: You Hyesun , Park Sunyoung , Hong Minju , Warren Alison 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTeacher professional development (PD) is essential to continuously improve teaching skills, to adapt to diverse student needs, and to promote equity and inclusion. Only a few studies to date have synthesized how PD programs improve teachers' content knowledge and instructional quality, as well as students' academic performance. In this meta‐analysis, we aim to evaluate the impact of PD programs on science teachers and their students. We calculate a total of 514 effect sizes using Hedges' g from 66 studies published between 2010 and 2022. The bias‐corrected standardized mean difference (Hedges' g) is within‐subject and between‐subjects design. The overall effect size is 0.772, indicating a substantial effect size on PD effectiveness (s.e. = 0.063, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.647, 0.897]). We observe considerable heterogeneity of effect sizes, moderated by PD dosage hours, duration, and active teaching. The findings indicate that relatively short PD periods—less than 48 h—and durations under 3 months may yield the most effective science PD for educators. As an alternative, slightly longer engagement exceeding 72 h, coupled with sustained support over 6 months, has proven to be the second most effective option for PD. Furthermore, an active learning approach within PD programs (ḡ = 0.794, s.e. = 0.066, 95% CI [0.656, 0.926]) has emerged as a pivotal influence on PD effectiveness. This study provides insights into education research and policy to understand PD research and to ensure how PD can be designed and implemented to improve student performance.
Prenatal Exposure to Herbicide 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4D) Exacerbates Zika Virus Neurotoxicity In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Christoff Raissa Rilo , da Silva Débora Santos , Lima Rafael Ferreira , Franco Ana Luiza Meneguci Moreira , Higa Luiza Mendonça , Rossi Átila Duque , Batista Carolina , de Andrade Cherley Borba Vieira , Ortiga‐Carvalho Tania Maria , Ascari Lucas , de Azevedo Abrahim‐Vieira Bárbara , Bellio Maria , Tanuri Amilcar , de Carvalho Flavia Martinez , Garcez Patricia Pestana , Lara Flavio Alves 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTZika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can lead to a set of congenital malformations known as Congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS), whose main feature is microcephaly. The geographic distribution of CZS in Brazil during the 2015–2017 outbreak was asymmetrical, with a higher prevalence in the Northeast and Central‐West regions of the country, despite the ubiquitous distribution of the vector Aedes aegypti, indicating that environmental factors could influence ZIKV vertical transmission and/or severity. Here we investigate the involvement of the most used agrochemicals in Brazil with CZS. First, we exposed human neuroblastoma SK‐N‐AS cells to the 15 frequently used agrochemical molecules or derivative metabolites able to cross the blood–brain barrier. We found that a derived metabolite from a widely used herbicide in the Central‐West region, 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D), exacerbates ZIKV neurotoxic effects in vitro. We validate this observation by demonstrating vertical transmission leading to microcephaly in the offspring of immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice exposed to water contaminated with 0.025 mg/L of 2,4D. Newborn mice whose dams were exposed to 2,4D and infected with ZIKV presented a smaller brain area and cortical plate size compared to the control. Also, embryos from animals facing the co‐insult of ZIKV and 2,4D exposition presented higher Caspase 3 positive cells in the cortex, fewer CTIP2+ neurons and proliferative cells at the ventricular zone, and a higher viral load. This phenotype is followed by placental alterations, such as vessel congestion, and apoptosis in the labyrinth and decidua. We also observed a mild spatial correlation between CZS prevalence and 2,4D use in Brazil's North and Central‐West regions, with R2 = 0.4 and 0.46, respectively. Our results suggest that 2,4D exposition facilitates maternal vertical transmission of ZIKV, exacerbating CZS, possibly contributing to the high prevalence of this syndrome in Brazil's Central‐West region compared to other regions.
The water–climate nexus: Intersections across sectors
Authors: Gunda Thushara , Cantor Alida A. , Grubert Emily , Harris Angela R. , McDonald Yolanda J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWater security and climate change are important priorities for communities and regions worldwide. The intersections between water and climate change extend across many environmental and human activities. This Primer is intended as an introduction, grounded in examples, for students and others considering the interactions between climate, water, and society. In this Primer, we summarize key intersections between water and climate across four sectors: environment; drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene; food and agriculture; and energy. We begin with an overview of the fundamental water dynamics within each of these four sectors, and then discuss how climate change is impacting water and society within and across these sectors. Emphasizing the relationships and interconnectedness between water and climate change can encourage systems thinking, which can show how activities in one sector may influence activities or outcomes in other sectors. We argue that to achieve a resilient and sustainable water future under climate change, proposed solutions must consider the water–climate nexus to ensure the interconnected roles of water across sectors are not overlooked. Toward that end, we offer an initial set of guiding questions that can be used to inform the development of more holistic climate solutions.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation
Human Water > Value of Water
Study on the response mechanisms and evolution prediction of groundwater microbial‐toxicological indicators
Authors: Sun Weichao , Wang Shuaiwei , Bi Junbo , Ning Zhuo , Wang Jingjing , Hou Haibo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the response mechanisms of groundwater microbial‐toxicological indicators, specifically total bacteria count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC), to water quality indicators and environmental conditions. Using data from a water source in the western plateau of China, a predictive model focusing on TBC and TCC was developed. An orthogonal experimental design was employed to manipulate environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, and porosity, facilitating laboratory experiments. These experiments measured pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), TBC, and TCC at varying depths and environmental conditions. Principal component analysis elucidated the mechanisms by which water quality indicators and environmental conditions affect groundwater microbial–toxicological indicators. A prediction model for these indicators in plateau regions was established based on a backpropagation neural network (BP‐NN), using TBC and TCC as target variables and the newly extracted principal components as influencing factors. The results demonstrate that environmental conditions and water quality indicators primarily influence the evolution of groundwater microbial–toxicological indicators by altering the ionic charge quantities, redox conditions, and temperature of the groundwater. The predictive model for groundwater microbial–toxicological indicators shows trends consistent with experimental outcomes, with an average relative error of less than 15%, meeting engineering requirements.Practitioner points
The values of total bacteria count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC) under different conditions were obtained by column experiments.
The influence mechanism of environmental conditions and groundwater indicators on TBC and TCC was elaborated by principal component analysis.
TBC and TCC prediction models were established through the investigation of water sources in a plateau area and laboratory experiments.