bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Basal Melting of a Mid‐Latitude Glacier on Mars
Authors: Butcher Frances E. G. , Balme M. R. , Gallagher C. , Arnold N. S. , Conway S. J. , Hagermann A. , Lewis S. R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEvidence for past basal melting of young (late Amazonian‐aged), debris‐covered glaciers in Mars' mid‐latitudes is extremely rare. Thus, it is widely thought that these viscous flow features (VFFs) have been perennially frozen to their beds. We identify an instance of recent, localized wet‐based mid‐latitude glaciation, evidenced by a candidate esker emerging from a VFF in a tectonic rift in Tempe Terra. Eskers are sedimentary ridges deposited in ice‐walled meltwater conduits and are indicative of glacial melting. We compare the candidate esker to terrestrial analogues, present a geomorphic map of landforms in the rift, and develop a landsystem model to explain their formation. We propose that the candidate esker formed during a transient phase of wet‐based glaciation. We then consider the similarity between the geologic setting of the new candidate esker and that of the only other candidate esker to be identified in association with an existing mid‐latitude VFF; both are within tectonic graben/rifts proximal to volcanic provinces. Finally, we calculate potential basal temperatures for a range of VFF thicknesses, driving stresses, mean annual surface temperatures, and geothermal heat fluxes, which unlike previous studies, include the possible role of internal strain heating. Strain heating can form an important additional heat source, especially in flow convergence zones, or where ice is warmer due to elevated surface temperatures or geothermal heat flux. Elevated geothermal heat flux within rifts, perhaps combined with locally‐elevated strain heating, may have permitted wet‐based glaciation during the late Amazonian, when cold climates precluded more extensive wet‐based glaciation on Mars.
SWAT‐Based Hydrological Data Assimilation System (SWAT‐HDAS): Description and Case Application to River Basin‐Scale Hydrological Predictions
Authors: Zhang Ying , Hou Jinliang , Gu Juan , Huang Chunlin , Li Xin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the development and application of a physically based hydrological data assimilation system (HDAS) using the gridded and parallelized Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWATGP) distributed hydrological model. This SWAT‐HDAS software integrates remotely sensed data, including the leaf area index (LAI), snow cover fraction, snow water equivalent, soil moisture, and ground‐based observational data (e.g., from discharge and ground sensor networks), with SWATGP and the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (PDAF) to accurately characterize watershed hydrological states and fluxes. SWAT‐HDAS employs high‐performance computational technologies to address the computational challenges of high‐resolution and/or large‐area modeling. Multiple observational system simulation experiments (OSSEs), including soil moisture assimilation experiments, snow water equivalent assimilation experiments, and streamflow assimilation experiments, were designed to validate the assimilation efficiency of various types of observations within SWAT‐HDAS using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) algorithm. Both the temporal and spatial correlations in the trend/pattern and the magnitudes of improvement between the simulated and “true” states (i.e., for soil moisture, snow water equivalent, and discharge) were satisfactory using the integrated assimilation, which suggests the reliability of SWAT‐HDAS for regional hydrology studies. The streamflow assimilation experiment also showed that the observation location dramatically influences the assimilation efficiency. The quantity and quality of observations have effects of varying degrees on the streamflow predictions. SWAT‐HDAS is a promising tool for hydrological studies and applications under climate and environmental change scenarios.
The Person Case Constraint
Authors: Anagnostopoulou Elena 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis constraint, which is extremely robust cross‐linguistically, is known as theperson case constraint(PCC), comes in several versions (Strong, Weak, Ultrastrong, and Me‐First), and has been related to a number of other phenomena showing restrictions on person agreement. This survey concentrates on different syntactic approaches to the PCC, as these have been developed in the past 15 years or so, focusing on the question of the scope of the constraint and its relation to comparable agreement restrictions in other domains. After presenting the different versions of the PCC and summarizing its main properties, I discuss some representative approaches to the Strong PCC based on Agree and relate Strong PCC effects to comparable restrictions. I then focus on the Weak PCC and the proposals that have been put forth to derive the various versions of the PCC on the basis of parameterizations of properties of Agree. I finally critically discuss (i) a proposal that has treated the PCC in terms of cartography and (ii) a functional, frequency‐based approach.
Conditionals
Authors: Bhatt Rajesh , Pancheva Roumyana 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe provide a survey of major issues in the syntax of conditionals, advancing the view thatif‐clauses are free relatives of possible worlds. Similarly to the more familiar instances of free relatives of individuals, (i) conditional clauses likely involve clause‐internal operator‐movement to [SpecCP]; (ii) they receive the interpretation of definite descriptions; and (iii) they may participate in correlative structures as happens in the subcase of conditionals with the proformthen. Going beyond the core cases of hypothetical conditionals, we also examine the syntax of relevance and factual conditionals.
Inflected Infinitives in Romance
Authors: Ambar Manuela , Jiménez‐Fernández Ángel L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this chapter we explore the properties of inflected infinitives in Portuguese and establish a parallelism with Spanish and Italian infinitives, which are not overtly inflected. The different behaviors concerning complementation, both in finites and in infinitives, are suggested to be derived from the presence of a tense feature in the complementizer. We discuss different classes of verbs (epistemic–declarative, volitive, and factive) that select an inflected or personal infinitive in Portuguese and Spanish. All infinitives are claimed to project a complementizer phrase. The distributional properties of inflected infinitives are shown to depend on the presence of a Determiner in the structure of sentential complements of factive verbs and on the presence or absence of a tense feature in the complementizer in the structure of epistemic and volitive verbs.
Split Topicalization
Authors: van Hoof Hanneke 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the grammatical properties of split topicalization. It also summarizes the different syntactic analyses that have been developed for this construction. The chapter focuses on the two main types of split topicalization in German: split‐NP topicalization (1) and split‐VP topicalization (2). The topicalized part of this construction is referred to astopand the stranded, remnant part asrem:(1)Germana.[Gänse]TOPhat er [keinepolnischen –]REMgekauft.geesehas he nopolishbought‘As for geese, he has not bought polish ones.’b.[PolnischeGänse]TOPhat er [keine –]REMgekauft.polishgeesehas he nobought‘As for polish geese, he has bought none.’(2)German[Gelesen]TOPhat er [dieseBücher nicht]REM.readhas hethesebooks not‘As for reading, he has not read these books.’In split topicalization, a single extended projection – that is, NP in (1) or VP in (2) – is scattered over different positions in the clause: the core part of the projection,top, is topicalized and a more peripheral part of the projection,rem, is realized clause‐internally.On the one hand, the dependency relation betweentopandremin both split‐NP topicalization and split‐VP topicalization shows connectivity effects and is clearly of the A′‐type, suggesting a movement analysis. On the other hand, the adjectival inflection within the split NPs (see (1a)–(1b)) is spelled out as iftopandremwere independent constituents. In some varieties, even examples with an overlap betweentopandrem, as determiner doubling in (3a), or examples with aremconsisting of a full NP, as in (3b), do occur. These examples seem to suggest thattopandremare base‐generated independently.(3)Germana.[EineLösung]TOPhat er [einebessere –alsich]REM.asolutionhas he abetter (one)thanI‘As for a solution, he has a better one than I have.’b.[Raubvögel]TOPkennt ernur[Bussarde]REM.birds of preyknows heonlybuzzards‘As for birds of prey, he knows only buzzards.’Split‐PP topicalization (4) and mixed‐split topicalization (5) and the ways in which they are accounted for in various phrasal and subphrasal extraction analyses are dealt with in this chapter as well. The mixed‐split cases, in which the categorial features oftopandremappear to be different, raise a particularly serious problem for syntactic analysis.(4)German[MitMädchen]TOPhat er [mitvielen –]REMgetanzt.withgirlshas he withmanydanced‘As for girls, he danced with many.’(5)German[Romanegeschrieben]TOPhater schon [viele —]REM .novelswrittenhashe already many‘As for writing novels, he has written already many.’
Who Benefits from Diagrams and Illustrations in Math Problems? Ability and Attitudes Matter
Authors: Cooper Jennifer L. , Sidney Pooja G. , Alibali Martha W. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryHow do diagrams and illustrations affect mathematical problem solving? Past research suggests that diagrams should promote correct performance. However, illustrations may provide a supportive context for problem solving, or they may distract students with seductive details. Moreover, effects may not be uniform across student subgroups. This study assessed the effects of diagrams and illustrations on undergraduates' trigonometry problem solving. We used a 2 (Diagram Presence) × 2 (Illustration Presence) within‐subjects design, and our analysis considered students' mathematics ability and attitudes towards mathematics. Participants solved problems more accurately when they included diagrams. This effect was stronger for students who had more positive mathematics attitudes, especially when there was an illustration present. Illustrations were beneficial for students with high mathematics ability but detrimental for students with lower ability. Considering individual differences in ability and attitude is essential for understanding the effects of different types of visual representations on problem solving. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Ultrathin Flexible 2D Membrane Based on Single‐Walled Nanotube–MoS2 Hybrid Film for High‐Performance Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Yang Xiangdong , Yang Yanbing , Fu Linna , Zou Mingchu , Li Zhihao , Cao Anyuan , Yuan Quan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSolar steam generation is achieved by localized heating system using various floating photothermal materials. However, the steam generation efficiency is hindered by the difficulty in obtaining a photothermal material with ultrathin structure yet sufficient solar spectrum absorption capability. Herein, for the first time, an ultrathin 2D porous photothermal film based on MoS2 nanosheets and single‐walled nanotube (SWNT) films is prepared. The as‐prepared SWNT–MoS2 film exhibits an absorption of more than 82% over the whole solar spectrum range even with an ultrathin thickness of ≈120 nm. Moreover, the SWNT–MoS2 film floating on the water surface can generate a sharp temperature gradient due to the localized heat confinement effect. Meanwhile, the ultrathin and porous structure effectively facilitates the fast water vapor escaping, consequently an impressively high evaporation efficiency of 91.5% is achieved. Additionally, the superior mechanical strength of the SWNT–MoS2 film enables the film to be reused for atleast 20 solar illumination cycles and maintains stable water productivity as well as high salt rejection performance. This rational designed hybrid architecture provides a novel strategy for constructing 2D‐based nanomaterials for solar energy harvesting, chemical separation, and related technologies.
A Binder‐Free and Free‐Standing Cobalt Sulfide@Carbon Nanotube Cathode Material for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Yuxiang , Ye Delai , Luo Bin , Hu Han , Zhu Xiaobo , Wang Songcan , Li Linlin , Peng Shengjie , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) are considered as a new generation of large‐scale energy‐storage devices due to their attractive features of abundant aluminum source, high specific capacity, and high energy density. However, AIBs suffer from a lack of suitable cathode materials with desirable capacity and long‐term stability, which severely restricts the practical application of AIBs. Herein, a binder‐free and self‐standing cobalt sulfide encapsulated in carbon nanotubes is reported as a novel cathode material for AIBs. The resultant new electrode material exhibits not only high discharge capacity (315 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and enhanced rate performance (154 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1), but also extraordinary cycling stability (maintains 87 mA h g−1 after 6000 cycles at 1 A g−1). The free‐standing feature of the electrode also effectively suppresses the side reactions and material disintegrations in AIBs. The new findings reported here highlight the possibility for designing high‐performance cathode materials for scalable and flexible AIBs.
Holey Reduced Graphene Oxide Coupled with an Mo2N–Mo2C Heterojunction for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yan Haijing , Xie Ying , Jiao Yanqing , Wu Aiping , Tian Chungui , Zhang Xiaomeng , Wang Lei , Fu Honggang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn in situ catalytic etching strategy is developed to fabricate holey reduced graphene oxide along with simultaneous coupling with a small‐sized Mo2N–Mo2C heterojunction (Mo2N–Mo2C/HGr). The method includes the first immobilization of H3PMo12O40 (PMo12) clusters on graphite oxide (GO), followed by calcination in air and NH3 to form Mo2N–Mo2C/HGr. PMo12 not only acts as the Mo heterojunction source, but also provides the Mo species that can in situ catalyze the decomposition of adjacent reduced GO to form HGr, while the released gas (CO) and introduced NH3 simultaneously react with the Mo species to form an Mo2N–Mo2C heterojunction on HGr. The hybrid exhibits superior activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction with low onset potentials of 11 mV (0.5 m H2SO4) and 18 mV (1 m KOH) as well as remarkable stability. The activity in alkaline media is also superior to Pt/C at large current densities (>88 mA cm−2). The good activity of Mo2N–Mo2C/HGr is ascribed to its small size, the heterojunction of Mo2N–Mo2C, and the good charge/mass‐transfer ability of HGr, as supported by a series of experiments and theoretical calculations.
Number‐Resolved Single‐Photon Detection with Ultralow Noise van der Waals Hybrid
Authors: Roy Kallol , Ahmed Tanweer , Dubey Harshit , Sai T. Phanindra , Kashid Ranjit , Maliakal Shruti , Hsieh Kimberly , Shamim Saquib , Ghosh Arindam 
Published: November 2017

AbstractVan der Waals hybrids of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit an extremely large response to optical excitation, yet counting of photons with single‐photon resolution is not achieved. Here, a dual‐gated bilayer graphene (BLG) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) hybrid are demonstrated, where opening a band gap in the BLG allows extremely low channel (receiver) noise and large optical gain (≈1010) simultaneously. The resulting device is capable of unambiguous determination of the Poissonian emission statistics of an optical source with single‐photon resolution at an operating temperature of 80 K, dark count rate 0.07 Hz, and linear dynamic range of ≈40 dB. Single‐shot number‐resolved single‐photon detection with van der Waals heterostructures may impact multiple technologies, including the linear optical quantum computation.
Heterogeneous Integration of Microscale GaN Light‐Emitting Diodes and Their Electrical, Optical, and Thermal Characteristics on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Li Lizhu , Liu Changbo , Su Yuanzhe , Bai Junchun , Wu Jianqiu , Han Yanjun , Hou Yubin , Qi Shuxian , Zhao Yu , Ding He , Yan Yifei , Yin Lan , Wang Pu , Luo Yi , Sheng Xing 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMaterials and device strategies to form inorganic, thin‐film, microscale light‐emitting diodes (micro‐LEDs) are presented based on a simplified release method. High performance gallium nitride based blue micro‐LEDs are fabricated on and released from both patterned sapphire substrates (PSSs) and conventional nonpatterned sapphire substrates (CSSs). Micro‐LEDs are transferred onto copper and polyimide based flexible substrates and their electrical and optical performances are maintained. Thermal properties of PSS and CSS based micro‐LEDs are systematically explored on different substrates. Finally, micro‐LEDs combined with phosphor coatings demonstrate capability for polychromatic emission. The techniques presented here provide promising paths to advanced light sources with potential applications in lighting, displays, and biomedicine.
Flexible and Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yaowen , Xu Guiying , Cui Chaohua , Li Yongfang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFlexible and semitransparent organic solar cells (OSCs) have been regarded as the most promising photovoltaic devices for the application of OSCs in wearable energy resources and building‐integrated photovoltaics. Therefore, the flexible and semitransparent OSCs have developed rapidly in recent years through the synergistic efforts in developing novel flexible bottom or top transparent electrodes, designing and synthesizing high performance photoactive layer and low temperature processed electrode buffer layer materials, and device architecture engineering. To date, the highest power conversion efficiencies have reached over 10% of the flexible OSCs and 7.7% with average visible transmittance of 37% for the semitransparent OSCs. Here, a comprehensive overview of recent research progresses and perspectives on the related materials and devices of the flexible and semitransparent OSCs is provided.
Laboratory tests for identification or exclusion of heparin induced thrombocytopenia: HIT or miss?
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHeparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially fatal condition that arises subsequent to formation of antibodies against complexes containing heparin, usually platelet‐factor 4‐heparin (“anti‐PF4‐heparin”). Assessment for HIT involves both clinical evaluation and, if indicated, laboratory testing for confirmation or exclusion, typically using an initial immunological assay (“screening”), and only if positive, a secondary functional assay for confirmation. Many different immunological and functional assays have been developed. The most common contemporary immunological assays comprise enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], chemiluminescence, lateral flow, and particle gel techniques. The most common functional assays measure platelet aggregation or platelet activation events (e.g., serotonin release assay; heparin‐induced platelet activation (HIPA); flow cytometry). All assays have some sensitivity and specificity to HIT antibodies, but differ in terms of relative sensitivity and specificity for pathological HIT, as well as false negative and false positive error rate. This brief article overviews the different available laboratory methods, as well as providing a suggested approach to diagnosis or exclusion of HIT.
Adaptation and validation of the Turkish version of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale
Authors: Onerci Celebi Ozlem , Araz Server Ela , Yigit Ozgur , Longur Ecem Sevim 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThe Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale is a questionnaire used to assess the quality of life in patients with nasal obstruction. The aim of this study was to validate the Turkish translation of the NOSE questionnaire.MethodsThe NOSE questionnaire was translated into Turkish and then back to English. Fifty patients with septal deviation leading to nasal obstruction and 50 healthy subjects without any nasal complaints and pathologies were recruited into the study. The Cronbach α was used to test internal consistency. The Mann‐Whitney U test was used to compare the NOSE scores of the 2 groups. Psychosomatic features (reliability, repeatability, validity, responding) were evaluated by concerning the criteria as test‐retest procedure, self consistency, within‐score and inter‐score correlation and sensitivity of responding between the 2 groups.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between patients and healthy subjects in terms of age, gender, and body mass index. Test‐retest results among control subjects also did not demonstrate significant difference and the Cronbach α value of the NOSE scale was found to be 0.966. There was a positive correlation among every question of the NOSE scale and it was statistically significantly different from the control group. Total scores of the NOSE scale were significantly higher than the control group.ConclusionThe Turkish version of the NOSE scale is a valid tool for assessing patients with septal deviation and measuring the subjective severity of nasal obstruction.
Instabilities of a Fermi Gas with Nested Fermi Surfaces
Authors: Schlottmann Pedro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe nesting of the Fermi surfaces of an electron and a hole pocket separated by a vector Q commensurate with the lattice in conjunction with the interaction between the quasiparticles can give rise to a rich phase diagram. Of particular importance is itinerant antiferromagnetic order in the context of pnictides and heavy fermion compounds. By mismatching the nesting the order can gradually be suppressed and as the Néel temperature tends to zero a quantum critical point is obtained. A superconducting dome above the quantum critical point can be induced by the transfer of pairs of electrons between the pockets. The conditions under which such a dome arises are studied. In addition numerous other phases may arise, e.g. charge density waves, non‐Fermi liquid behavior, non‐s‐wave superconductivity, Pomeranchuk instabilities of the Fermi surface, nematic order, and phases with persistent orbital currents.
Quantum Refinement Does Not Support Dinuclear Copper Sites in Crystal Structures of Particulate Methane Monooxygenase
Authors: Cao Lili , Caldararu Octav , Rosenzweig Amy C. , Ryde Ulf 
Published: November 2017

AbstractParticulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is one of the few enzymes that can activate methane. The metal content of this enzyme has been highly controversial, with suggestions of a dinuclear Fe site or mono‐, di‐, or trinuclear Cu sites. Crystal structures have shown a mono‐ or dinuclear Cu site, but the resolution was low and the geometry of the dinuclear site unusual. We have employed quantum refinement (crystallographic refinement enhanced with quantum‐mechanical calculations) to improve the structure of the active site. We compared a number of different mono‐ and dinuclear geometries, in some cases enhanced with more protein ligands or one or two water molecules, to determine which structure fits two sets of crystallographic raw data best. In all cases, the best results were obtained with mononuclear Cu sites, occasionally with an extra water molecule. Thus, we conclude that there is no crystallographic support for a dinuclear Cu site in pMMO.