bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk screening of non‐native, translocated and traded aquarium freshwater fishes in Greece using Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit
Authors: Perdikaris C. , Koutsikos N. , Vardakas L. , Kommatas D. , Simonović P. , Paschos I. , Detsis V. , Vilizzi L. , Copp G. H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe invasion of non‐indigenous freshwater fish species is one of the most important threats to aquatic biodiversity. Similar to other Mediterranean countries, Greece is considered a hot spot for freshwater biodiversity, with many range‐restricted endemics of high conservation concern. The aim of this study was to undertake a risk screening assessment to evaluate the invasive potential of non‐native, translocated and traded aquarium fishes in Greece by applying the Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK). In total, 73 freshwater fish species were evaluated by two assessors. FISK was able to discriminate reliably between invasive and non‐invasive species with a threshold of 15.25. Based on mean scores, 30 species were classified as ‘high risk’, of which 17 as ‘moderately high risk’, six as ‘high risk’ and seven as ‘very high risk’. There was a high coincidence rate for the species categorisation between the two assessors, but significant differences in certainty. The results suggest that FISK is a useful tool for assessing risks posed by non‐native, translocated and traded aquarium fish species in Greece.
Hybrid Therapy as First‐Line Regimen for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Populations with High Antibiotic Resistance Rates
Authors: Song Zhiqiang , Zhou Liya , Zhang Jianzhong , He Lihua , Bai Peng , Xue Yan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundHybrid therapy has recently attracted widespread attention. However, many issues require further exploration. For example, research in regions with high antibiotic resistance rates is limited, and the correlation between eradication efficacy and antibiotic resistance remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy, compliance, safety, and risk factors of hybrid therapy as first‐line regimen in a region with high antibiotic resistance rates.Materials and MethodsThis prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital between January 2014 and June 2015. A total of 196 patients with dyspepsia but without prior eradication therapy received hybrid regimen (esomeprazole 20 mg and amoxicillin 1000 mg twice daily for 14 days with the addition of clarithromycin 500 mg and tinidazole 500 mg twice daily for the final 7 days). All patients underwent Helicobacter pylori culture, antibiotic susceptibility testing and cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2C19 polymorphism testing.ResultsHybrid therapy achieved eradication rates of 77.0% (95% confidence interval (CI), 70.9–83.7%) in intention‐to‐treat (ITT), 83.9% (78.9–88.9%) in modified ITT and 86.0% (80.2–91.3%) in per‐protocol analyses in a setting with high antibiotic resistance rates (amoxicillin 2.0%, clarithromycin 44.9%, metronidazole 67.3% and dual clarithromycin and metronidazole 33.3%). Adverse reactions occurred in 31.9% patients and 2.7% discontinued medications due to adverse reactions. Good compliance was achieved by 92.0%. Multivariate analyses identified clarithromycin resistance (odds ratio, 3.494; 95% CI, 1.237–9.869), metronidazole resistance (3.012; 1.013–12.054) and poor compliance (5.840; 1.126–30.296) as independent predictors of treatment failure. The eradication rate with dual clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance (70.2%) was markedly decreased compared to isolated clarithromycin resistance (87.5%), isolated metronidazole resistance (88.6%), or dual susceptibility (96.4%) (p = .014).ConclusionsDespite good compliance and safety, hybrid therapy as first‐line regimen in populations with high antibiotic resistance rates had unsatisfactory efficacy, primarily due to dual clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance.
What to do with high autofluorescence background in pancreatic tissues – an efficient Sudan black B quenching method for specific immunofluorescence labelling
Authors: Erben Till , Ossig Rainer , Naim Hassan Y , Schnekenburger Jürgen 
Published: January 2016

AimsHigh levels of autofluorescence in tissue samples can entirely mask specific labellings with fluorophores and thus impair immunofluorescence histochemistry. In pancreatic tissue samples we observed autofluorescence as a common problem often mediated by the fixation and processing procedure.Methods and resultsUsing epifluorescence microscopy, we analysed the intensity and spatial distribution of autofluorescence in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded human pancreatic tissues and developed an efficient quenching method to reduce the unwanted light emission. The optimized quenching protocol using Sudan black B reduced the unequally distributed tissue autofluorescence to a low and intensity‐equalized background level. Quantitative image analysis demonstrated autofluorescence suppression by 65–95%, depending on the selected fluorescence filter setups. The procedure did not affect specific immunofluorescence labelling or tissue integrity. As a clear result of Sudan black B treatment, a tremendous improvement of the signal‐to‐noise ratio was achieved, allowing a reliable detection and quantification of specific fluorescent labels. Other tissue treatment methods, such as cupric sulphate, toluidine blue and ultraviolet irradiation, or combinations of these with Sudan black B, were not as efficient.ConclusionsThe easy‐to‐perform Sudan black B technique improves dramatically qualitative and quantitative fluorescence analysis of critical pancreatic tissue sections and rescues even overfixed tissues for immunofluorescence application.
Divine Simplicity and the Holy Trinity
Authors: White Thomas Joseph 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe doctrine of divine simplicity is largely ignored in modern continental theology and has been criticized by some analytic theists. However, it plays a central role in patristic and medieval trinitarian thought, and is a doctrinal affirmation of the Catholic Church. This article seeks to illustrate the significance of the teaching first by examining the contrasting modern trinitarian theologies of Karl Barth and Richard Swinburne, noting how each suffers from a deficit of reference to the doctrine of divine simplicity. The article then presents four aspects of Aquinas’ teaching on divine simplicity. From this a consideration of trinitarian persons ensues that illustrates why the distinction of persons in God can best be understood by making use of Aquinas’ theology of ‘subsistent relations’, while the unified nature of God can best be understood in terms of ‘personal modes of subsistence’. Based on this analysis, the contrasting insights of both Barth and Swinburne can be fully retained, without the contrasting inherent problems that the theology of each presents.
Policy practice in social work education: A literature review
Authors: Weiss‐Gal Idit 
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was to review existing knowledge on policy practice (PP) in social work education that seeks to train undergraduate and graduate social work students to influence social policy. The review, based on different search strategies, identified 113 publications written by scholars from Australia, Canada, Israel, South Africa, UK and the USA. The review revealed marked growth in interest in PP education between 1970 and 2014. This was reflected in articles that have reported on six areas: research on the place of PP in social work curricula; research on students’ preferences with regard to PP; recommendations on what to include in PP education; descriptions of actual pedagogical methods and courses; evaluations of actual pedagogical methods; and tools for assessing PP competencies. Most of this discourse was devoted to descriptions of PP courses and teaching methods and much less to systematic evaluation of PP teaching.Key Practitioner Message: • Policy practice education is playing a growing role in social work training at both the Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) and Master of Social Work (MSW) levels; • The literature suggests a wide range of innovative experiential approaches in class and in actual policy arenas; • To further strengthen the field, systematic evaluations of policy practice teaching innovations are required.
Intimate partner violence and use of contraceptives in Bangladesh: Results from a national sample
Authors: Murshid Nadine S. , Ely Gretchen E. 
Published: January 2016

The effect of intimate partner violence (IPV) on women's lives includes negative reproductive health outcomes by way of compromised control over their bodies. This effect is contextual, which leads to contradictory implications for practitioners involved in sexual and reproductive health. The current article adds to the literature by providing an examination of the association between partner violence and contraceptive use in a nationally representative sample of married women in Bangladesh, where some 24% of national samples of women report IPV. The study is a secondary data analysis of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2007 with a sample of 4,467 women aged 15–49 years. Significant main effects were observed for partner violence: The probability of using contraceptives was 9% higher for women who reported partner violence compared with women who did not. Additionally, women were more likely to use contraceptives when they had children under the age of five and were employed. Policy and practice implications for social work are discussed.Key Practitioner Message: • To understand how intimate partner violence may increase the odds of contraceptive use as a way of “help seeking”; • To understand the implications of contraceptive use in a Muslim majority population; • To provide policy suggestions for bundling services for intimate partner violence with reproductive health services.
Identification and gene‐silencing of a putative odorant receptor transcription factor in Varroa destructor: possible role in olfaction
Authors: Singh N. K. , Eliash N. , Stein I. , Kamer Y. , Ilia Z. , Rafaeli A. , Soroker V. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is one of the major threats to apiculture. Using a behavioural choice bioassay, we determined that phoretic mites were more successful in reaching a bee than reproductive mites, suggesting an energy trade‐off between reproduction and host selection. We used both chemo‐ecological and molecular strategies to identify the regulation of the olfactory machinery of Varroa and its association with reproduction. We focused on transcription regulation. Using primers designed to the conserved DNA binding region of transcription factors, we identified a gene transcript in V. destructor homologous to the pheromone receptor transcription factor (PRTF) gene of Pediculus humanus corporis. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed that this PRTF‐like gene transcript is expressed in the forelegs at higher levels than in the body devoid of forelegs. Subsequent comparative qPCR analysis showed that transcript expression was significantly higher in the phoretic as compared to the reproductive stage. Electrophysiological and behavioural studies revealed a reduction in the sensitivity of PRTF RNA interference‐silenced mites to bee headspace, consistent with a reduction in the mites’ ability to reach a host. In addition, vitellogenin expression was stimulated in PRTF‐silenced mites to similar levels as found in reproductive mites. These data shed light upon the regulatory mechanism of host chemosensing in V. destructor.
Autophagy is involved in regulating the immune response of dendritic cells to influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 infection
Authors: Zang Farong , Chen Yinghu , Lin Zhendong , Cai Zhijian , Yu Lei , Xu Feng , Wang Jiaoli , Zhu Weiguo , Lu Huoquan 
Published: January 2016

SummaryAutophagy can mediate antiviral immunity. However, it remains unknown whether autophagy regulates the immune response of dendritic cells (DCs) to influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 infection. In this study, we found that infection with the H1N1 virus induced DC autophagy in an endocytosis‐dependent manner. Compared with autophagy‐deficient Beclin‐1+/− mice, we found that bone‐marrow‐derived DCs from wild‐type mice (WT BMDCs) presented a more mature phenotype on H1N1 infection. Wild‐type BMDCs secreted higher levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumour necrosis factor‐ α (TNF‐α), interferon‐β (IFN‐β), IL‐12p70 and IFN‐γ than did Beclin‐1+/− BMDCs. In contrast to Beclin‐1+/− BMDCs, H1N1‐infected WT BMDCs exhibited increased activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, Jun N‐terminal kinase, p38, and nuclear factor‐κB as well as IFN regulatory factor 7 nuclear translocation. Blockade of autophagosomal and lysosomal fusion by bafilomycin A1 decreased the co‐localization of H1N1 viruses, autophagosomes and lysosomes as well as the secretion of IL‐6, TNF‐α and IFN‐β in H1N1‐infected BMDCs. In contrast to Beclin‐1+/− BMDCs, H1N1‐infected WT BMDCs were more efficient in inducing allogeneic CD4+ T‐cell proliferation and driving T helper type 1, 2 and 17 cell differentiation while inhibiting CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T‐cell differentiation. Moreover, WT BMDCs were more efficient at cross‐presenting the ovalbumin antigen to CD8+ T cells. We consistently found that Beclin‐1+/− BMDCs were inferior in their inhibition of H1N1 virus replication and their induction of H1N1‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses, which produced lower levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α and IFN‐β in vivo. Our data indicate that autophagy is important in the regulation of the DC immune response to H1N1 infection, thereby extending our understanding of host immune responses to the virus.
A Missionary Church: Introduction and Chapter One of Evangelii Gaudium
Authors: Pernia Antonio M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe article provides a summary and synthesis of the Introduction and Chapter One of Evangelii Gaudium (EG 1–18 and 19–49), where Pope Francis outlines his vision of the church and the program of his pontificate. He envisions the church as fundamentally a missionary church and sees the role of his pontificate as bringing about the transformation of the church into a missionary church. The article concludes by showing that Pope Francis’ vision of the church in EG echoes Vatican II's decree Ad Gentes and is shaped by his experience of the church in Latin America. Thus, it ends with two observations: first, that with EG, Ad Gentes’ statement that “the Church is missionary by her very nature” ceases to be merely a theological declaration and now becomes a concrete pastoral program of action; and second, that EG, where the concerns of the third world are allowed to shape the vision of the universal church, is an eloquent manifestation of the church becoming a World Church.
Chapter Five of Evangelii Gaudium: Spirit‐Filled Evangelizers
Authors: Cruz Gemma Tulud 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis contribution examines the opening section of Chapter Five of Evangelii Gaudium, arguing that in it Francis sheds light on the mystagogy of discipleship in contemporary times. After providing a brief synopsis of these reasons for a renewed missionary impulse using the idea of the “why, who, and how” of mission as a framework, the author argues that the contribution of the section to the church's mission is its eloquent articulation of a deep spirituality of mission arising from the human condition, both at the personal and communal level. Positing that three features of this spirituality of mission – holistic, anthropological, and Christological – constitute some of the most important points of this section, the article concludes that Evangelii Gaudium is a passionate exhortation toward imbibing a keen sensibility of the humanum to deepen and open Christian faith in proclaiming a gospel of joy and hope and, in the process, bring wholeness to people and the world. It is about missio homini that is rooted in missio Christi and, therefore, leads to missio Dei.
Life, Joy, and Love: Together towards Life in Dialogue with Evangelii Gaudium and The Cape Town Commitment
Authors: Bevans Stephen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article offers reflections on key themes and missiological significances of the WCC's Together towards Life in dialogue with the other evangelical and Roman Catholic documents, specifically, Pope Francis’ apostolic exhortation Evangelii Gaudium and the Lausanne Movement's Cape Town Commitment. Organizing his reflections around the significant words in each document – life, joy, and love – as well as other meaningful and powerful words that arise in analysis, the author finds that these three new mission statements cover much of the same ground and are quite complementary, with concern for the poor, the oppressed, the marginalized, and the forgotten and disregarded playing a central role in all of them. The article concludes that it is important to study these three documents together, as each has the potential to be a friendly yet challenging ecumenical dialogue partner to the others.
The Holy Spirit in EG, TTL, and CTC: The Pneumatological Impulse for Christian Mission
Authors: Lim Timothy T. N. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article examines the correspondence in the pneumatological impulse for mission among three documents: Evangelii Gaudium (EG), Together towards Life (TTL), and The Cape Town Commitment (CTC). This consonance in EG, TTL, and CTC is significant given the dissonance on theological and missiological perspectives across the representing ecclesial bodies since the mid‐20th century. Following a review of pneumatology in these three documents, the paper proposes a forward‐looking trajectory to a more expansive view of the Spirit's ever‐mysterious operations in the church, in missions, and in the world.
The Economy and Money in Three Recent Mission Documents
Authors: Vähäkangas Mika 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWhile economic issues are not usually much debated in theology, three recent mission documents (The Cape Town Commitment, Together towards Life and Evangelii Gaudium) have directly addressed them, criticizing globalized capitalism more or less sharply and explicitly. However, all three lack transparency in that possible analysis which might provide foundation for the statements made is not visible. Additionally, the critique offered is vague and general except for some relatively concrete propositions in Evangelii Gaudium with seemingly social‐democrat overtones. Thus these documents do not readily connect with economic, political, and social scientific discourses, which reduces their applicability predominantly to the religious sphere and further supports an Enlightenment sacred/secular dichotomy that conflicts with the approach advocated in Together towards Life. In order to increase the relevance of theological arguments concerning economic issues to spheres beyond the churches, theologians need to cooperate with economists and familiarize themselves with economic theories and practices before prescribing policies based on theological argumentation.
A “Native Ministry” for God's “Step Children”? The Evolution of Missional Policy toward the Zulu in the Anglican Diocese of Natal, South Africa: 1904–1917
Authors: Mbaya Henry 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article examines the evolution of the Anglican missionary policy and the evangelization of the Zulu in the Diocese of Natal in South Africa during the early 20th century. These processes rested on colonial power in the form of what Edward Said conceptualized as Orientalism. Orientalism defined and ordered relations of domination and subordination wherein the English missionaries, considering themselves as superior, justify their actions as imparting what they saw as civil and religious benefits on the Zulu, whom they regarded as not possessing them. Contemptuous settler attitudes toward missionary work and their relations with the Zulu also undermined missionary work in Natal. The evolution of missionary policy along racial lines developed from the Orientalist worldview as well as on account of relations that developed in the colony.
A Mission of Unity and a Unity of Mission: A Look at the Work of the Church Unity Commission
Authors: Pillay Jerry 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article examines the notion and meaning of mission in United and Uniting churches; asks whether union fosters mission and, more specifically, whether United churches practise mission reflecting a commitment to unity; and finally considers some of the challenges facing the Church Unity Commission (CUC) in moving forward. It makes the claim that the CUC is not succeeding in using its strengths because it is failing to be a united witness in the world, and suggests that church unity should begin at the local level if it is to be more effective. Hence international, national, and regional structures and organizations should mobilize, empower, and enable local church communities for more effective mission and church unity. In order to succeed in the latter area, the mission should be not church, but Christ. The paper concludes that the CUC's task is to collectively and correctly read the signs of the times and faithfully proclaim, in word and deed, that God reigns supreme over our world.
TGF‐β gene transfer and overexpression viarAAV vectors stimulates chondrogenic events in human bone marrow aspirates
Authors: Frisch Janina , Rey‐Rico Ana , Venkatesan Jagadeesh Kumar , Schmitt Gertrud , Madry Henning , Cucchiarini Magali 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGenetic modification of marrow concentrates may provide convenient approaches to enhance the chondrogenic differentiation processes and improve the repair capacities in sites of cartilage defects following administration in the lesions. Here, we provided clinically adapted recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) vectors to human bone marrow aspirates to promote the expression of the potent transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) as a means to regulate the biological and chondrogenic activities in the samples in vitro. Successful TGF‐β gene transfer and expression via rAAV was reached relative to control (lacZ) treatment (from 511.1 to 16.1 pg rhTGF‐β/mg total proteins after 21 days), allowing to durably enhance the levels of cell proliferation, matrix synthesis, and chondrogenic differentiation. Strikingly, in the conditions applied here, application of the candidate TGF‐β vector was also capable of reducing the hypertrophic and osteogenic differentiation processes in the aspirates, showing the potential benefits of using this particular vector to directly modify marrow concentrates to generate single‐step, effective approaches that aim at improving articular cartilage repair in vivo.