bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving to Aqueous Binder: A Valid Approach to Achieving High‐Rate Capability and Long‐Term Durability for Sodium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Zhao Jing , Yang Xu , Yao Ye , Gao Yu , Sui Yongming , Zou Bo , Ehrenberg Helmut , Chen Gang , Du Fei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPolyanionic Na3V2(PO4)2F3 with a NASICON‐type structure is heralded as a promising cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries due to its fast ionic conduction, high working voltage, and favorable structural stability. However, a number of challenging issues remain regarding its rate capability and cycle life, which must be addressed to enable greater application compatibility. Here, a facile and effective approach that can be used to overcome these disadvantages by introducing an aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder is reported. The resulting conductive network serves to accelerate the diffusion of Na+ ions across the interface as well as in the bulk. The strong binding force of the CMC and stable solid permeable interface protect the electrode from degradation, leading to an excellent capacity of 75 mA h g−1 at an ultrahigh rate of 70 C (1 C = 128 mA g−1) and a long lifespan of 3500 cycles at 30 C while sustaining 79% of the initial capacity value. A full cell based on this electrode material delivers an impressive energy density as high as 216 W h kg−1, indicating the potential for application of this straightforward and cost‐effective route for the future development of advanced battery technologies.
Design of Mechanical Frequency Regulator for Predictable Uniform Power from Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Bhatia Divij , Lee Jongseo , Hwang Hee Jae , Baik Jeong Min , Kim Songkuk , Choi Dukhyun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMechanical energy scavengers convert irregular input mechanical energy into irregular electrical output. There is a need to enable uniform and predictable electric output from energy scavengers regardless of the variability in the mechanical input. So, in this work, a mechanical frequency regulator is proposed that fixes the input forces and input frequency acting on a triboelectric nanogenerator, thus enabling predictable electric output. The irregular low frequency mechanical input energy is first stored in a spiral spring following which the energy is released at the desired frequency by means of an appropriate design of gear train, cam, and flywheel. By regulating the nanogenerator output at 50 Hz, a standard power transformer can be optimally driven to increase the output current to 6.5 mA and reduce its voltage to 17 V. This output is highly compatible for powering wireless node sensors as is demonstrated in this work.
Long‐term effects of crizotinib in ALK‐positive tumors (excluding NSCLC): A phase 1b open‐label study
Authors: Gambacorti‐Passerini Carlo , Orlov Sergey , Zhang Li , Braiteh Fadi , Huang Huiqiang , Esaki Taito , Horibe Keizo , Ahn Jin‐Seok , Beck Joseph T. , Edenfield William Jeffrey , Shi Yuankai , Taylor Matthew , Tamura Kenji , Van Tine Brian A. , Wu Shang‐Ju , Paolini Jolanda , Selaru Paulina , Kim Tae Min 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCrizotinib, an inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), MET, and ROS1, is approved for treatment of patients with ALK‐positive or ROS1‐positive advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, ALK rearrangements are also implicated in other malignancies, including anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). In this ongoing, multicenter, single‐arm, open‐label phase 1b study (PROFILE 1013; NCT01121588), patients with ALK‐positive advanced malignancies other than NSCLC were to receive a starting dose of crizotinib 250 mg twice daily. Primary endpoints were safety and objective responses based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 or National Cancer Institute International Response Criteria. Forty‐four patients were enrolled (lymphoma, n = 18; IMT, n = 9; other tumors, n = 17). The objective response rate was 53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28–77) for lymphoma, with 8 complete responses (CRs) and 1 partial response (PR); 67% (95% CI, 30–93) for IMTs, with 1 CR and 5 PRs; and 12% (95% CI, 2–36) for other tumors, with 2 PRs in patients affected by colon carcinoma and medullary thyroid cancer, respectively. The median duration of treatment was almost 3 years for patients with lymphoma and IMTs, with 2‐year progression‐free survival of 63% and 67%, respectively. The most common treatment‐related adverse events were diarrhea (45.5%) and vision disorders (45.5%), mostly grade 1. These findings indicate strong and durable activity of crizotinib in ALK‐positive lymphomas and IMTs. The safety profile was consistent with the known safety profile of crizotinib even with long‐term treatment.
A Crosslinked Nucleic Acid Nanogel for Effective siRNA Delivery and Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Ding Fei , Mou Quanbing , Ma Yuan , Pan Gaifang , Guo Yuanyuan , Tong Gangsheng , Choi Chung Hang Jonathan , Zhu Xinyuan , Zhang Chuan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFunctional siRNAs are employed as cross‐linkers to direct the self‐assembly of DNA‐grafted polycaprolactone (DNA‐g‐PCL) brushes to form spherical and nanosized hydrogels via nucleic acid hybridization in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are fully embedded and protected for systemic delivery. Owing to the existence of multivalent mutual crosslinking events inside, the crosslinked nanogels with tunable size exhibit not only good thermostability, but also remarkable physiological stability that can resist the enzymatic degradation. As a novel siRNA delivery system with spherical nucleic acid (SNA) architecture, the crosslinked nanogels can assist the delivery of siRNAs into different cells without any transfection agents and achieve the gene silencing effectively both in vitro and in vivo, through which a significant inhibition of tumor growth is realized in the anticancer treatment.
Total Synthesis of Astellatol
Authors: Zhao Nan , Yin Shuqiang , Xie Shengling , Yan Hao , Ren Pan , Chen Gui , Chen Fang , Xu Jing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA nearly‐30‐year‐old unanswered synthetic puzzle, astellatol, has been solved in an enantiospecific manner. The highly congested pentacyclic skeleton of this rare sesterterpenoid, which possesses a unique bicyclo[4.1.1]octane motif, ten stereocenters, a cyclobutane that contains two quaternary centers, an exo‐methylene group, and a sterically encumbered isopropyl trans‐hydrindane motif, makes astellatol arguably one of the most challenging targets for sesterterpenoid synthesis. An intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction was exploited to construct the right‐hand side scaffold of this sesterterpenoid. An unprecedented reductive radical 1,6‐addition, mediated by SmI2, forged the cyclobutane motif. Last, a strategic oxidation/reduction step provided not only the decisive solution for the remarkably challenging late‐stage transformations, but also a highly valuable unravelling of the notorious issue of trans‐hydrindane synthesis. Importantly, the synthesis of astellatol showcases a rapid, scalable strategy to access diverse complex isopropyl trans‐hydrindane sesterterpenoids.
Iodine(III) Derivatives as Halogen Bonding Organocatalysts
Authors: Heinen Flemming , Engelage Elric , Dreger Alexander , Weiss Robert , Huber Stefan M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHypervalent iodine(III) derivatives are known as versatile reagents in organic synthesis, but there is only one previous report on their use as Lewis acidic organocatalysts. Herein, we present first strong indications for the crucial role of halogen bonding in this kind of catalyses. To this end, the solvolysis of benzhydryl chloride and the Diels–Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with methyl vinyl ketone served as benchmark reactions for halide abstraction and the activation of neutral compounds. Iodolium compounds (cyclic diaryl iodonium species) were used as activators or catalysts, and we were able to markedly reduce or completely switch off their activity by sterically blocking one or two of their electrophilic axes. Compared with previously established bidentate cationic halogen bond donors, the monodentate organoiodine derivatives used herein are at least similarly active (in the Diels–Alder reaction) or even decidedly more active (in benzhydryl chloride solvolysis).
Structural and luminescence properties of Sm3+‐doped bismuth phosphate glass for orange‐red photonic applications
Authors: Damodaraiah S. , Reddy Prasad V. , Ratnakaram Y. C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) content on the structural and optical properties of 0.5Sm3+‐doped phosphate glass and the effect of concentration on structural and optical properties of Sm3+‐doped bismuth phosphate (BiP) glass were studied. Structural characterization was accomplished using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Optical properties were studied using absorption, photoluminescence and decay measurements. Using optical absorption spectra, Judd–Ofelt parameters were derived to determine the local structure and bonding in the vicinity of Sm3+ ions. The emission spectra of Sm3+‐doped BiP glass showed two intense emission bands, 4G5/2→6H7/2 (orange) and 4G5/2→6H9/2 (red) for which the stimulated emission cross‐sections (σe) and branching ratios (β) were found to be higher. The quantum efficiencies were also calculated from decay measurements recorded for the 4G5/2 level of Sm3+ ions. The suitable combination of Bi2O3 (10 mol%) and Sm3+ (0.5 mol%) ions in these glasses acted as an efficient lasing material and might be suitable for the development of visible orange‐red photonic materials.
Atypical presentation of dopa‐responsive dystonia in Taiwan
Authors: Weng Yi Ching , Wang Chun Chieh , Wu Yih Ru 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe typical clinical presentation of dopa‐responsive dystonia, which is also called Segawa disease, is a young age of onset, with predominance in females, diurnal fluctuation of lower limb dystonia, and fair response to low‐dose levodopa. This disease has both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance. Autosomal dominant Segawa disease is caused by GCH1 mutation on chromosome 14q22.1‐q22.2. Here, we report the case of a male patient with genetically confirmed Segawa disease and atypical presentations including no diurnal symptom fluctuation and insufficient response to levodopa. The patient's father who had the same mutation presented parkinsonism in old age. We also review the literature to address the broad clinical heterogeneity of Segawa disease and the influence of onset age on clinical presentation.
Brexit or Bremain? A person and social analysis of voting decisions in the EU referendum
Authors: Van de Vyver Julie , Leite Ana C. , Abrams Dominic , Palmer Sally B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe period following UK's European Union referendum in 2016 foreshadows significant social and political change in the UK. The current research draws on social psychological theories to empirically examine the drivers of voting decisions during the referendum. We report the results of a prospective study using structural equation modelling with data (N = 244) collected just before, and self‐reported voting behaviour immediately following (N = 197), the European Union referendum. We employ a person and social approach to examine the additive roles of worldview, conservatism, social identity, and intergroup threat as predictors of voting intentions and behaviour. Results showed that person factors (worldview and conservatism) predicted voting intentions through social factors (European identity and realistic threat) and that intentions predicted behaviour. The results highlight the importance of addressing threat‐based intergroup rhetoric and the potential of common in‐group identity to mitigate psychological threat.
Fine Tuning of Antibiotic Activity by a Tailoring Hydroxylase in a Trans‐AT Polyketide Synthase Pathway
Authors: Mohammad Hadi H. , Connolly Jack A. , Song Zhongshu , Hothersall Joanne , Race Paul R. , Willis Christine L. , Simpson Thomas J. , Winn Peter J. , Thomas Christopher M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe addition or removal of hydroxy groups modulates the activity of many pharmacologically active biomolecules. It can be integral to the basic biosynthetic factory or result from associated tailoring steps. For the anti‐MRSA antibiotic mupirocin, removal of a C8‐hydroxy group late in the biosynthetic pathway gives the active pseudomonic acid A. An extra hydroxylation, at C4, occurs in the related but more potent antibiotic thiomarinol A. We report here in vivo and in vitro studies that show that the putative non‐haem‐iron(II)/α‐ketoglutaratedependent dioxygenase TmuB, from the thiomarinol cluster, 4‐hydroxylates various pseudomonic acids whereas C8‐OH, and other substituents around the tetrahydropyran ring, block enzyme action but not substrate binding. Molecular modelling suggested a basis for selectivity, but mutation studies had a limited ability to rationally modify TmuB substrate specificity. 4‐Hydroxylation had opposite effects on the potency of mupirocin and thiomarinol. Thus, TmuB can be added to the toolbox of polyketide tailoring technologies for the in vivo generation of new antibiotics in the future.
Analysis of protein composition in rice cultivar used for sake brewing, and their effects on nitrogen compounds in sake
Authors: Okuda Masaki , Joyo Midori , Tamamoto Yuki , Sasaki Motoki , Takahashi Kei , Goto‐Yamamoto Nami , Ikegami Masaru , Hashizume Katsumi 
Published: January 2018

Background and objectivesProtein composition analysis of 81 rice samples was performed on three cultivars harvested different regions in Japan, and the effects of the protein composition on the nitrogen composition in sake.FindingsCrude protein content showed a significant positive correlation with glutelin content. Yamadanishiki cultivars showed lower crude protein and glutelin contents compared with Gohyakumangoku cultivars harvested from the same field. Total nitrogen content in the enzyme digest of steamed rice grains showed a significant positive correlation with the crude protein and glutelin contents. Ten polished (70%) white rice samples were investigated in a small‐scale sake brewing test. Total nitrogen compounds, bitter‐tasting peptides, and free amino acids in the brewed sake positively correlated with the glutelin content of the rice samples. There were no clear correlations between α‐amylase and acid proteinase activities with the nitrogen compounds in the sake.ConclusionsThe results indicated that the glutelin content in the cultivar rice affects sake quality through taste‐active and other nitrogen‐containing compounds produced from rice glutelin in the sake brewing process.Significance and noveltyWe revealed that the glutelin content in the milled rice grains is important to brew high quality of sake clearly. The present results would be useful for cultivation or breeding of sake rice.
Probing Cyclic π‐Electron Delocalization in an Imidazol‐2‐ylidene and a Corresponding Imidazolium Salt
Authors: Thomsen Maja K. , Gatti Carlo , Overgaard Jacob 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe extent of cyclic π‐electron delocalization in the N‐heterocyclic ring of an imidazol‐2‐ylidene (i.e., 1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) and its corresponding imidazolium salt (i.e., 1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazolium chloride) has been investigated theoretically by using Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) descriptors, delocalization indices, electron localizability indicators (ELI‐Ds), and the source function tool. In addition, the experimental electron density distribution for the imidazolium salt has been obtained and analyzed from 100 K X‐ray diffraction data. A significant drop is found in the ellipticity of the electron density along the Ccarbene−N bond path in the imidazol‐2‐ylidene. This is shown to be a natural consequence of the σ lone pair of the Ccarbeneatom, which overwhelms the π‐electron density, rather than a sign of a significantly diminished degree of π‐electron delocalization in the imidazol‐2‐ylidene compared to its imidazolium salt. In fact, the source functions, the ELI‐Ds, and the delocalization indices all probe a quite similar extent of cyclic π‐electron delocalization in the N‐heterocyclic rings of the two compounds.
Production of biodiesel catalyzed by lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus in its soluble form
Authors: Wancura João H. C. , Rosset Daniela V. , Tres Marcus V. , Oliveira J. Vladimir , Mazutti Marcio A. , Jahn Sérgio L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBiodiesel production through the transesterification of oleaginous sources utilizing alkaline catalysts shows many process drawbacks like the need of a raw material with high purity degree and a high amount of alkaline wastewater generated from the biodiesel washing step. Such drawbacks can be overcome using enzymes as catalysts. In this context, the commercial Callera™ Trans L lipase arises as an interesting alternative catalyst for hydrolysis‐esterification reaction. In order to evaluate the use of Callera™ Trans L on biodiesel synthesis and optimize the main variables of the hydrolysis‐esterification process (temperature, methanol to oil molar ratio, and catalyst concentration), this work adopted the Central Composite Statistical Design to find out the combination of factors that lead to maximum biodiesel yield. It was observed that the Callera™ Trans L lipase presents a high catalytic activity, mainly in the initial reaction steps. The optimized variables for biodiesel synthesis were 35 °C methanol to oil molar ratio of 4.5:1, and 1.45 wt% of catalyst load, which allowed reaching a biodiesel yield of 96.9 % in 24 h of reaction.
Contrasting effects of specialist and generalist herbivores on resistance evolution in invasive plants
Authors: Zhang Zhijie , Pan Xiaoyun , Blumenthal Dana , van Kleunen Mark , Liu Mu , Li Bo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInvasive alien plants are likely to be released from specialist herbivores and at the same time encounter biotic resistance from resident generalist herbivores in their new ranges. The Shifting Defense hypothesis predicts that this will result in evolution of decreased defense against specialist herbivores and increased defense against generalist herbivores. To test this, we performed a comprehensive meta‐analysis of 61 common garden studies that provide data on resistance and/or tolerance for both introduced and native populations of 32 invasive plant species. We demonstrate that introduced populations, relative to native populations, decreased their resistance against specialists, and increased their resistance against generalists. These differences were significant when resistance was measured in terms of damage caused by the herbivore, but not in terms of performance of the herbivore. Furthermore, we found the first evidence that the magnitude of resistance differences between introduced and native populations depended significantly on herbivore origin (i.e., whether the test herbivore was collected from the native or non‐native range of the invasive plant). Finally, tolerance to generalists was found to be higher in introduced populations, while neither tolerance to specialists nor that to simulated herbivory differed between introduced and native plant populations. We conclude that enemy release from specialist herbivores and biotic resistance from generalist herbivores have contrasting effects on resistance evolution in invasive plants. Our results thus provide strong support for the Shifting Defense hypothesis.
Temperature dependency of intraguild predation between native and invasive crabs
Authors: Rogers Tanya L. , Gouhier Tarik C. , Kimbro David L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEnvironmental factors such as temperature can affect the geographical distribution of species directly by exceeding physiological tolerances, or indirectly by altering physiological rates that dictate the sign and strength of species interactions. Although the direct effects of environmental conditions are relatively well studied, the effects of environmentally mediated species interactions have garnered less attention. In this study, we examined the temperature dependency of size‐structured intraguild predation (IGP) between native blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus, the IG predator) and invasive green crabs (Carcinus maenas, the IG prey) to evaluate how the effect of temperature on competitive and predatory rates may influence the latitudinal distribution of these species. In outdoor mesocosm experiments, we quantified interactions between blue crabs, green crabs, and shared prey (mussels) at three temperatures reflective of those across their range, using two size classes of blue crab. At low temperatures, green crabs had a competitive advantage and IGP by blue crabs on green crabs was low. At high temperatures, size‐matched blue and green crabs were competitively similar, large blue crabs had a competitive advantage, and IGP on green crabs was high. We then used parameter values generated from these experiments (temperature‐ and size‐dependent attack rates and handling times) in a size‐structured IGP model in which we varied IGP attack rate, maturation rate of the blue crab from the non‐predatory to predatory size class, and resource carrying capacity at each of the three temperatures. In the model, green crabs were likely to competitively exclude blue crabs at low temperature, whereas blue crabs were likely to competitively and consumptively exclude green crabs at higher temperatures, particularly when resource productivities and rates of IGP were high. While many factors may play a role in delimiting species ranges, our results suggest that temperature‐dependent interactions can influence local coexistence and are worth considering when developing mechanistic species distribution models and evaluating responses to environmental change.
Re-evaluation of target lipid model–derived HC5 predictions for hydrocarbons
Authors: McGrath Joy A. , Fanelli Christopher J. , Di Toro Dominic M. , Parkerton Thomas F. , Redman Aaron D. , Paumen Miriam Leon , Comber Mike , Eadsforth Charles V. , den Haan Klaas 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

The target lipid model (TLM) has been previously applied to predict the aquatic toxicity of hydrocarbons and other nonionic organic chemicals and for deriving the concentrations above which 95% of species should be protected (HC5 values). Several concerns have been identified with the TLM-derived HC5 when it is applied in a substance risk assessment context. These shortcomings were addressed by expanding the acute and chronic toxicity databases to include more diverse taxonomic groups and increase the number of species. The TLM was recalibrated with these expanded databases, resulting in critical target lipid body burdens and acute-to-chronic ratios that met the required guidelines for using species sensitivity distributions in substance risk assessment. The HC5 equation was further revised to consider covarying model parameters. The calculated HC5 values derived from the revised TLM framework were validated using an independent data set for hydrocarbons comprising 106 chronic values across plants, invertebrates, and fish. Assuming a sum binomial distribution, the 95% confidence limit for a 5% failure is between 0.8 and 9.2%. Eight chronic values fell below the HC5, corresponding to an excursion of 7.5%, which falls within the expected uncertainty bounds. Thus, calculated HC5s derived from the revised TLM framework were found to be consistent with the intended protection goals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1579–1593. © 2018 SETAC