bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the effect of coating on the stresses and microstructure evolution in chill casting of wind turbine main shafts
Authors: Sonne M.R. , Thorborg J. , Hattel J.H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe purpose of the present work is to quantify the effect of the inside coating on chills for casting of large wind turbine main shafts with respect to the evolution of internal stresses. These are known to affect the lifetime of the chills, and this is a major cost for the foundries today. Simulations of the casting process are performed with four different heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) between the casting and the chill, and the resulting transient stress fields are reported in the chill. The microstructural evolution in the casting in terms of the nodule count is also modelled in the simulations. The outcome is validated by comparisons with samples taken out from a critical region of main shafts cast in sand and in chills. The results reveal minor reductions in the maximum principal stresses on the inner and outer surfaces of the chill of 3.1% and 18.5%, respectively, from changing the HTC from 2000 to 500 W m−2 K−1. These results indicate that the lifetime of the chill will not be significantly improved by adding a thicker layer of coating. The microstructure evolution is not very much affected by the HTC value with a maximum reduction in nodule count of 6.5%. Therefore, it is concluded that the material quality obtained from casting the main shafts in chills (and hence the performance of the part) is still much better than for sand casting, even though a very thick layer of coating is applied. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mid-Term Outcomes of Metal-Backed Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Show Superiority to All-Polyethylene Unicompartmental and Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: van der List Jelle P. , Kleeblad Laura J. , Zuiderbaan Hendrik A. , Pearle Andrew D. 
Published: May 2017

Background Two commonly used tibial designs for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) are all-polyethylene “inlay” and metal-backed “onlay” components. Biomechanical studies showed that the metal baseplate in onlay designs better distributes forces over the tibia but studies failed to show differences in functional outcomes between both designs at mid-term follow-up. Furthermore, no studies have compared both designs with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Questions/Purposes The goal of this study was to compare outcomes of inlay UKA and onlay UKA at mid-term follow-up and compare these with TKA outcomes. Methods In this retrospective study, 52 patients undergoing inlay medial UKA, 59 patients undergoing onlay medial UKA, and 59 patients undergoing TKA were included. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index scores were collected preoperatively and at mean 5.1-year follow-up (range 4.0–7.0 years). Results Preoperatively, no differences were observed in patient characteristics or outcome scores. At mid-term follow-up, patients undergoing onlay medial UKA reported significant better functional outcomes than those of inlay medial UKA (92.0 ± 10.4 vs. 82.4 ± 18.7, p = 0.010) and when compared to TKA (92.0 ± 10.4 vs. 79.6 ± 18.5, p < 0.001) while no significant differences between inlay medial UKA and TKA were noted. No significant differences in revision rates were found. Conclusion Functional outcomes following onlay metal-backed medial UKA were significantly better compared to inlay all-polyethylene medial UKA and to TKA. Based on the results of this study and on biomechanical and survivorship studies in the literature, we recommended using metal-backed onlay tibial components for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
Linking eating and weight control attitudes to relationship experiences: A large‐scale survey of adolescent females
Authors: Thomas Rebekah L. , Kelly Adrian B. , Chan Gary C.K. , Williams Joanne W. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the extent to which family conflict, peer bullying and psychological distress account for eating and weight loss attitudes in adolescent females. This study examined the degree to which psychological distress mediated the association between family conflict and eating and weight loss attitudes, and the association of bullying and eating and weight loss attitudes.MethodFemales aged between 11 and 17 years (N = 5125) were recruited from schools in the State of Victoria (Australia). Key measures included psychological distress, family conflict, and bullying victimisation.ResultsA structural model showed good fit, and all predictors were significant. Psychological distress mediated the association between eating and weight loss attitudes, and family problems and bullying.ConclusionFamily conflict and peer bullying were associated with eating and weight loss attitudes and this association may occur via psychological distress. Early intervention programs may benefit from a focus on family and peer relationships.
A Novel Cooling Method and Comparison of Active Rewarming of Mildly Hypothermic Subjects
Authors: Christensen Mark L. , Lipman Grant S. , Grahn Dennis A. , Shea Kate M. , Einhorn Joseph , Heller H. Craig 
Published: May 2017

Objective To compare the effectiveness of arteriovenous anastomosis (AVA) vs heated intravenous fluid (IVF) rewarming in hypothermic subjects. Additionally, we sought to develop a novel method of hypothermia induction. Methods Eight subjects underwent 3 cooling trials each to a core temperature of 34.8±0.6 (32.7 to 36.3°C [mean±SD with range]) by 14°C water immersion for 30 minutes, followed by walking on a treadmill for 5 minutes. Core temperatures (Δtes) and rates of cooling (°C/h) were measured. Participants were then rewarmed by 1) control: shivering only in a sleeping bag; 2) IVF: shivering in sleeping bag and infusion of 2 L normal saline warmed to 42°C at 77 mL/min; and 3) AVA: shivering in sleeping bag and circulation of 45°C warmed fluid through neoprene pads affixed to the palms and soles of the feet. Results Cold water immersion resulted in a decrease of 0.5±0.5°C Δtes and 1±0.3°C with exercise ( P < .01); with an immersion cooling rate of 0.9±0.8°C/h vs 12.6±3.2°C/h with exercise ( P < .001). Temperature nadir reached 35.0±0.5°C. There were no significant differences in rewarming rates between the 3 conditions (shivering: 1.3±0.7°C/h, R 2 = 0.683; IVF 1.3±0.7 °C/h, R 2 = 0.863; and AVA 1.4 ±0.6°C/h, R 2 = 0.853; P = .58). Shivering inhibition was greater with AVA but was not significantly different ( P = .07). Conclusions This study developed a novel and efficient model of hypothermia induction through exercise-induced convective afterdrop. Although there was not a clear benefit in either of the 2 active rewarming methods, AVA rewarming showed a nonsignificant trend toward greater shivering inhibition, which may be optimized by an improved interface.
Interfaces of uniform momentum zones in turbulent boundary layers
Authors: de Silva Charitha M. , Philip Jimmy , Hutchins Nicholas , Marusic Ivan 
Published: May 2017

In this paper we examine the characteristics of the interfaces that demarcate regions of relatively uniform streamwise momentum in turbulent boundary layers. The analysis utilises particle image velocimetry databases that span more than an order of magnitude of friction Reynolds number ($Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=10^{3}$–$10^{4}$), enabling us to provide a detailed description of the interfacial layers as a function of Reynolds number. As reported by Adrianet al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 422, 2000, pp. 1–54), these interfaces appear as persistent regions of strong shear with distinct patches of vorticity consistent with a packet-like structure. Here, however, we treat these interfaces as continuous lines, thus averaging the properties of the vortical patches, and find that their geometry is highly contorted and exhibits self-similarity across a wide range of scales. Specifically, the lengths of the edges of uniform momentum zones exhibit a power-law behaviour with a fractal scaling that has a constant exponent across the boundary layer, while the topmost edge or the turbulent/non-turbulent interface shows a sudden increase in the exponent. The accompanying sharp changes in velocity that occur at these edges are found to change in magnitude as a function of wall-normal height, being larger closer to the wall. Further, a Reynolds number invariance is exhibited when the magnitude of the step-like changes in velocity is scaled by the skin-friction velocity, meanwhile, the width across which it occurs is shown to be of the order of the Taylor microscale. Based on these quantitative measures, the Reynolds number scaling observed and the persistent presence of sharp changes in momentum in turbulent boundary layers, a simple model is used to reconstruct the mean velocity profile. Insight gained from the model enhances our understanding of how instantaneous phenomena (such as a zonal-like structural arrangement) manifests in the averaged flow statistics and confirms that the instantaneous momentum in a turbulent boundary layer appears to mainly consist of a step-like profile as a function of wall-normal distance.
Response of a laminar separation bubble to impulsive forcing
Authors: Michelis Theodoros , Yarusevych Serhiy , Kotsonis Marios 
Published: May 2017

The spatial and temporal response characteristics of a laminar separation bubble to impulsive forcing are investigated by means of time-resolved particle image velocimetry and linear stability theory. A two-dimensional impulsive disturbance is introduced with an alternating current dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator, exciting pertinent instability modes and ensuring flow development under environmental disturbances. Phase-averaged velocity measurements are employed to analyse the effect of imposed disturbances at different amplitudes on the laminar separation bubble. The impulsive disturbance develops into a wave packet that causes rapid shrinkage of the bubble in both upstream and downstream directions. This is followed by bubble bursting, during which the bubble elongates significantly, while vortex shedding in the aft part ceases. Duration of recovery of the bubble to its unforced state is independent of the forcing amplitude. Quasi-steady linear stability analysis is performed at each individual phase, demonstrating reduction of growth rate and frequency of the most unstable modes with increasing forcing amplitude. Throughout the recovery, amplification rates are directly proportional to the shape factor. This indicates that bursting and flapping mechanisms are driven by altered stability characteristics due to variations in incoming disturbances. The emerging wave packet is characterised in terms of frequency, convective speed and growth rate, with remarkable agreement between linear stability theory predictions and measurements. The wave packet assumes a frequency close to the natural shedding frequency, while its convective speed remains invariant for all forcing amplitudes. The stability of the flow changes only when disturbances interact with the shear layer breakdown and reattachment processes, supporting the notion of a closed feedback loop. The results of this study shed light on the response of laminar separation bubbles to impulsive forcing, providing insight into the attendant changes of flow dynamics and the underlying stability mechanisms.
From dispassionate law to compassionate outcomes in health-care law, or not
Authors: Biggs Hazel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHealth-care law presents numerous challenges to the conception of the law as a dispassionate arbiter of disputes or protector of rights. Issues relating to end-of-life care, the assessment of mental capacity and decision-making for those who lack capacity, amongst others, epitomise the complex nature of health-care law. They also raise globally applicable questions about discrimination, or equal protection, as well as concerns for relief of suffering, the assessment of best interests and the exercise of individual autonomy. This paper will evaluate the extent to which law's traditional objectivity (dispassion) is undermined by the introduction of concerns about compassion into judicial and executive decisions. Focusing primarily on the law in England and Wales, but with reference to multi-jurisdictional case-law and international instruments, it will consider whether the law provides compassionate approaches and outcomes in end-of-life decision-making, and the implications of compassion for legal certainty.
Effects of replacing Leymus chinensis with whole-crop wheat hay on Holstein bull apparent digestibility, plasma parameters, rumen fermentation, and microbiota
Authors: Niu Wenjing , He Yang , Xia Chuanqi , Rahman Muhammad Aziz Ur , Qiu Qinghua , Shao Taoqi , Liang Yixun , Ji Linbao , Wang Haibo , Cao Binghai 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTwelve Holstein bulls were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to investigate the effects of using whole-crop wheat hay (WCWH) as a substitute for Leymus chinensis (LC) on apparent digestibility, plasma parameters, ruminal fermentation, and microbial communities. Experimental treatments were four proportions of WCWH, 0, 33, 67, and 100%, as a substitute for LC (WCWH0, WCWH33, WCWH67, and WCWH100, respectively). The WCWH100 group showed a higher nutritional intake of crude protein (CP) and higher apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM), CP, and ether extract (EE) than the WCWH0 group (P < 0.05). Urea N, NH3-N, isobutyrate and isovalerate levels were higher (P < 0.05) in the WCWH100 group than in the WCWH0 group. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed similarities in the community composition, species diversity and relative abundance of dominant bacteria at the phylum and genus levels among the four groups. Collectively, our data indicated that WCWH can be used to replace LC in the diet of finishing dairy bulls without having a negative impact on apparent digestibility, plasma parameters, and ruminal bacteria composition. These results offer the first deep insight into the effects of replacing LC with WCWH on the performance parameters and rumen microbiota in Holstein bulls, and may aid in ruminant farming.
Quantitative inheritance of volatile pheromones and darcin and their interaction in olfactory preferences of female mice
Authors: Liu Ying-Juan , Guo Hui-Fen , Zhang Jian-Xu , Zhang Yao-Hua 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, we examined how urine-borne volatile compounds (UVCs) and darcin of male mice are inherited from parents and interact to modulate the olfactory preferences of females using two inbred strains of mice, C57Bl/6 (C57) and BALB/c (BALB), and their reciprocal hybrids (BC = BALB♀× C57♂; CB = C57♀ × BALB♂). Chemical analysis revealed that the UVCs of C57BL/6 males were quantitatively distinguishable from those of BALB/c males. Darcin was detected in C57 urine, but not in BALB urine. The levels of UVCs and darcin in both BC and CB were intermediate between those of C57 and BALB. Behaviourally, C57 females consistently preferred BALB male urine over C57 or CB males despite that there are trace amounts of darcin in BALB urine. However, the preference for BALB urine disappeared in contact two-choice tests of BALB vs. BC pairs, and restored when recombinant darcin was added to BALB male urine. Our results suggested that both UVCs and darcin in male mice are quantitatively inherited and interact to affect the olfactory preferences of females.
1060 nm single‐mode vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser operating at 50 Gbit/s data rate
Authors: Simpanen E. , Gustavsson J.S. , Haglund E. , Haglund E.P. , Larsson A. , Sorin W.V. , Mathai S. , Tan M.R. 
Published: May 2017

An energy efficient 1060 nm GaAs‐based oxide‐confined vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser designed for high‐speed modulation and single‐mode emission has been developed. A record data rate of 50 Gbit/s at an energy dissipation of 100 fJ/bit is demonstrated for a device with >50 dB side‐mode‐suppression and 0.2 mA threshold current, making this laser a promising light source for long‐reach optical interconnects.
Bit error floor of multi‐level phase modulation with noisy phase reference
Authors: Lee J. , Jang Y. , Yoon D. 
Published: May 2017

A simple method is proposed for the derivation of bit error floor (BEF) expressions of multi‐level phase modulations with noisy phase reference based on the geometric features of constellations. To validate the result, average BEF expressions of 8 + 8 and 4 + 12 amplitude and phase‐shift keyings adopted in digital video broadcasting‐satellite 2 extensions are derived and consultative committee for space data systems, and analyse the results.
Brachial Plexus Injuries with Ulnar Musculocutaneous Transfer: 78 Cases Study Focused on Possible Postoperative Complications
Authors: Corrêa Márcio , Cardoso Márcio , Gepp Ricardo , Quiroga Marco , Beraldo Paulo 
Published: May 2017

Objective To analyze 78 cases of brachial plexus injury submitted to the Oberlin technique between 2003 and 2012. The potential complications of this technique were analyzed, especially motor damage or hypoesthesia of the hand.
Method Medical records from patients with brachial plexus injuries at the levels of the C5-C6 and C5-C6-C7 vertebrae were retrospectively analyzed. Cases submitted to the Oberlin procedure with or without concomitant brachial plexus procedures between 2003 and 2012 were evaluated. The minimum follow-up period was of 1 year. In addition to the clinical examination, electromyography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brachial plexus were used to diagnose and locate the nerve damage.
Results A total of 78 surgical patients met the inclusion criteria. Postoperative neurological changes, mostly transient, were observed in 18 patients. Hypoesthesia in the ulnar side of the hand was observed in seven cases; neuropathic pain in five cases; allodynia in four cases, and hand motor loss in two cases.
Conclusion Based on the results of the present case series, we conclude that there are few sequelae in the donor nerve territory compared with the benefit of the Oberlin technique on the recovery of elbow flexion after brachial plexus injuries.
Esperanto linguistics
Authors: Pereltsvaig Asya 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEsperanto is an unusual language in many ways. First, it was originally created artificially, in a highly multilingual environment. Secondly, it was designed with the express purpose of becoming a language of interlingual communication, a language easy to learn for people from the widest range of linguistic backgrounds. Although it never became auniversal lingua franca, Esperanto now has up to 2 million users and a sizeable number of native speakers. Yet even for such native speakers, Esperanto is never their only language. Its use is limited to certain domains, and for the overwhelming majority of its speakers, including native ones, Esperanto is not their dominant language. These facts may make Esperanto and Esperanto speakers useful in tests of the robustness of generalizations about linguistic typology, Universal Grammar, first and second language acquisition, language contact and creolization, variation and change. This article provides an overview of work that has been done to date on these topics.
Report on the bilateral comparison between BIM (Bulgaria) and VSL (The Netherlands)
Authors: Dekker Paul , Kunova Angela , Dierikx Erik 
Published: May 2017

A bilateral comparison has been organized between VSL, The Netherlands and BIM, Bulgaria in the field of spectral regular transmittance measurements. This comparison is registered as EURAMET project nr. 1073 and EURAMET.PR-K6.2 in the BIPM key comparison database.
The aim of the comparison is to demonstrate the improvement of calibration measurement capabilities of BIM in this working field. If this comparison is successful, i.e. the results support the claimed improvement in uncertainties, the improved CMC's for BIM will be included in Appendix C of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement (MRA).
The results of this comparison are linked to key comparison CCPR K6.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Minimally Invasive Transpalpebral ‘‘Eyelid’’ Approach to Unruptured Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Mandel Mauricio , Tutihashi Rafael , Mandel Suzana Abramovicz , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although recent technological advances have led to successful endovascular treatment, middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms are still prone to surgery. Because minimally invasive options are limited and possess several functional and cosmetic drawbacks, a transpalpebral approach is proposed as a new alternative.

OBJECTIVES: To describe and assess surgical results of the minimally invasive transpalpebral approach in patients with MCA aneurysms.

METHODS: The data of 25 patients with unruptured MCA aneurysms from 2013 to 2016 were included in a cohort prospective database. We describe modifications of the approach and technique for MCA aneurysm clipping, in a step-by-step manner. The outcome was based on complications, procedural morbidity and mortality, and clinical and angiographic outcomes.

RESULTS: All procedures were successfully performed in a standardized way, and no major complications related to the new approach were observed. Twenty-two patients were discharged the day after surgery (88%). The majority of aneurysms were 5 to 6 mm in diameter (mean, 7 mm; range 4-21 mm). All patients underwent postoperative angiographic control, which showed no significant residual neck. A 3-mo follow-up was sufficient to show no visible scars with excellent cosmetic results. The mean duration of follow-up was 16 mo.

CONCLUSION: The transpalpebral approach comes as a minimally invasive, safe, definitive, and cosmetically adequate solution for MCA aneurysms at the present time.