bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operative management of acoustic neuromas: The priority of neurologic function over complete resection
Authors: Kemink John L. , Langman Alan W. , Niparko John K. , Graham Malcolm D. 
Published: November 2015

The objective of surgical management of acoustic tumors is to remove them entirely and preserve facial nerve function and hearing when possible. A dilemma arises when it is not possible to remove the entire tumor without incurring additional neurologic deficits. Twenty patients who underwent intentional incomplete surgical removal of an acoustic neuroma to avoid further neurologic deficit were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into a subtotal group (resection of less than 95% of tumor) and a near‐total group (resection of 95% or more of tumor) and were followed yearly with either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The subtotal group was planned and consisted of elderly patients (mean age, 68.5 years) with large tumors (mean, 3.1 cm). The near‐total group consisted of younger patients (mean age, 45.8 years) and smaller tumors (mean, 2.3 cm). The mean length of followup for all patients was 5.0 years. Ninety percent of patients had House grade I or II facial function post‐operatively. Radiologically detectable tumor regrowth occurred in only one patient, who was in the subtotal resection group. Near‐total resection of acoustic tumor was not associated with radiologic evidence of regrowth of tumor for the period of observation. Within the limits of the follow‐up period of this study, subtotal resection of acoustic neuroma in elderly patients was not associated with clinically significant recurrence in most patients and produced highly satisfactory rates of facial preservation with low surgical morbidity.
Modified Rambo meatoplasty in translabyrinthine tumor removal
Authors: Meyerhoff William L. , Pollock Kimberley J. , Roland Peter S. , Mickey Bruce 
Published: November 2015

Spinal fluid otorrhea and otorhinorrhea are morbid complications that occur in up to 18% of patients after removal of translabyrinthine tumor. Both of these problems can be significantly reduced if, during the initial surgery, the posterior canal wall is taken down and the tympanic membrane and external auditory canal skin are removed for better exposure of the eustachian tube orifice. The external auditory meatus can then be sealed by a previously described modification of the Rambo procedure. This additional procedure adds about 20 minutes to the surgery and presents a small risk of retained squamous epithelium. Fifty consecutive patients were divided into two equal groups and studied retrospectively. In group I, the patients underwent a modified Rambo meatoplasty at the time of the removal of their translabyrinthine tumor, whereas patients in group II had the tympanic orifice of their eustachian tube obstructed through the facial recess. Review of the postoperative course of these fifty patients indicated that the addition of the modified Rambo meatoplasty was justified by the overall reduction in morbidity and expense it provided.
Human papillomavirus DNA sequences in cell lines derived from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Bradford Carol R. , Zacks Susan E. , Androphy Elliott J. , Gregoire Lucie , Lancaster Wayne D. , Carey Thomas E. 
Published: November 2015

There is increasing evidence that human papillomaviruses (HPV) have a causal role in some neoplasms in human beings. As examples, DNA of HPV types 16,18, and 31 are frequently present in genital cancers in humans. Recently, oncogenic HPV types have also been identified in neoplasms of the head and neck, including verrucous carcinoma of the larynx, squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and larynx, and inverted papillomas of the nose. These findings and our resource of an extensive panel of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines led us to begin to investigate how frequently HPV DNA was present in these tumor cell lines. For initial analysis, twenty‐two HNSCC cell lines derived from 20 patients' tumors were selected as representative of our tumor cell line panel with respect to diversity of primary site, tumor stage, patient age, sex, and clinical course. For Southern analysis, cell line DNA was tested for hybridization with DNA probes for HPV types 6,11,16,18, and 31. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was also performed on five tumor cell lines using types 6,11,16,18, and 52 as probes. Southern blot analysis revealed HPV‐specific signals in two of the 22 HNSCC cell lines tested. One of these, UM‐SCC‐23, was HPV 31 positive, which to our knowledge is the first identification of HPV 31 in HNSCC. UM‐SCC‐63, the other HPV‐positive tumor identified by Southern analysis, hybridized with both type 18 and 31. Of the five tumor cell lines tested with PCR, two were HPV positive. One of these was UM‐SCC‐63; the other, UM‐SCC‐19, was previously negative by Southern analysis. Hybridization of the PCR product to HPV 16 and 52 suggests that a novel HPV type may be present. The remaining three cell lines studied by both Southern and PCR analysis were HPV‐negative in both assays. Whether HPV was an etiologic factor or had an effect on prognosis remains to be determined. Further studies are indicated with a larger number of cases to determine the overall frequency and HPV types involved in head and neck cancer, and whether certain HPV types will be associated with prognosis.
Labyrinthitis ossificans: Histopathologic consideration for cochlear implantation
Authors: Green J. Douglas , Marion Mitchell S. , Hinojosa Raül 
Published: November 2015

Labyrinthitis ossificans may be a hindrance to cochlear implantation by making electrode insertion difficult. We performed a histopathologic study of 24 temporal bones with labyrinthitis ossificans from multiple causes. The organ of Corti was graphically reconstructed and the degree of obstruction was estimated for each millimeter of the cochlea. Correlations were calculated between the degree of new bone formation and the cause, patient's age and sex, and time from the original temporal bone insult. Our results demonstrate that complete cochlear ossification is rare. The scala tympani in the basal turn of the cochlea is the most frequent area of ossification, regardless of the cause of the labyrinthitis ossificans. Meningogenic labyrinthitis, usually a childhood disease, was associated with the greatest amount of ossification. When ossification resulted from tympanogenic labyrinthitis, the scala tympani was completely ossified near the round window niche in all temporal bones. Neo‐ossification of the basal turn associated with otosclerosis was limited to the proximal 6 mm of the scala tympani in all cases. Three temporal bones had a patent round window niche and basal turn, but significant apical and middle‐turn ossification. Peripheral sensorineural elements were severely degenerated in the region of the ossification in all specimens, and spiral ganglion cell counts were decreased.
Adult supraglottitis
Authors: Barrow Howard N. , Vastola A. Paul , Wang Robert C. 
Published: November 2015

Airway management of supraglottitis in the adult is controversial as regards the choice between observation and acute intervention. This study was undertaken to determine whether factors exist that place patients at higher risk of airway obstruction and to review conservative treatment outcome. Of 46 cases during an 8‐year period, seven required tracheostomy and 39 were observed. Odynophagia and fever were present in all patients. Yearly clusters of up to six cases in 1 month were detected. White blood cell count and heart rate were significantly more elevated in those who underwent tracheostomy. A symptom duration of less than 24 hours was associated (p < 0.05, χ2 analysis) with airway compromise as well. There was no associated morbidity or mortality, and mean hospital stay was 5.2 days for those observed and 7.9 days for those who underwent tracheostomy. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1993;109:474‐7.
A comparison of growth rates of acoustic neuromas: Nonsurgical patients vs. subtotal resection
Authors: Rosenberg Seth I. , Silverstein Herbert , Gordon Michael A. , Flanzer John M. , Willcox Thomas O. , Silverstein Julie 
Published: November 2015

A conservative approach to the management of acoustic neuromas in elderly patients has been used since 1971. Elderly patients without symptoms of brain stem compression are initially treated by observation and yearly radiographic imaging. A translabyrinthine radical‐subtotal resection is performed if brain stem compression is present or if tumor is growing rapidly. Twenty‐three patients, ages 65 to 86 years, had initial nonsurgical management of their tumors. Growth rates could be determined for 16 patients. Thirteen patients not requiring surgery had an average tumor growth rate of 0.6 mm/yr. Three patients with an average growth rate of 6.8 mm/yr eventually required surgery. No patient whose tumor was < 15 mm at initial evaluation has experienced brain stem symptoms or demonstrated rapid tumor growth. Twenty‐four patients ages 65 to 86 years underwent planned subtotal tumor excision. Eighteen patients followed postoperatively for more than 1 year demonstrated an average rate of regrowth of tumor of 0.7 mm/yr. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1993;109:482‐7.)
Immunotherapy in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Nishioka Gary J. , Cook Paul R. , Davis William E. , McKinsey Joel P. 
Published: November 2015

A total of 283 consecutive patients with chronic sinusitis underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. There were 72 allergic patients and 211 nonallergic patients. Data were collected on the effect of immunotherapy on middle meatotomy patency, synechiae formation, and recurrent polyps in allergic patients. Data supported the following conclusions: (1) Immunotherapy given either before or after surgery does not statistically influence middle meatotomy patency, synechiae formation, or recurrence of polyps after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. However, the data do suggest, for all three outcome parameters, that allergic patients who undergo immunotherapy do better than those who do not undergo immunotherapy and, with the exception of recurrent polyps, do as well as nonallergic patients. (2) The prevalence of preoperative polyps is the same for allergic and nonallergic patients in this study, but polyp recurrence is higher in allergic patients. (3) Approximately 40% of allergic patients who began preoperative immunotherapy stopped immunotherapy after surgery because their allergic symptoms resolved or were minimal. A comment regarding this observation is provided.
Ultrastructural changes in the cochlea of the guinea pig after fast neutron irradiation
Authors: Schwartz Ilsa , Kim Chong‐Sun , Shin See‐Ok 
Published: November 2015

Guinea pigs were irradiated with fast neutrons. After a single dose of 2, 6, 10, or 15 Gy was applied, scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the temporal bone was performed to assess the effect of fast neutron irradiation on the cochlea. Outer hair cell damage appeared with neutron irradiation of more than 10 Gy, and Inner hair cell damage with neutron Irradiation of more than 15 Gy. Outer hair cells were more severely damaged than Inner hair cells. No statistically significant differences were found in damage of basal, middle, and apical turns. The second and third rows of outer hair cells were more severely damaged than the first row of outer hair cells. The most significant findings in transmission electron microscopy were clumping of chromatin and extension of the heterochromatin in the nuclei of hair cells. The cytoplasmic changes were sequestration of cytoplasm, various changes of mitochondria, formation of vacuoles, and irregularly arranged stereocilia. The morphologic change in stria vascularis was intercellular and perivascular fluid accumulation. It appeared to be a reversible process.
Revisiting the Scope of Victimology — How Broad a Discipline Should it Be?
Authors: Garkawe Sam 
Published: November 2015

Should there be any limitations on who is defined as a ‘victim’ for the purposes of the discipline of victimology? Does the discipline extend beyond the traditional study of victims of crime, to include, for example, the study of victims of natural disasters, poverty, HIV/AIDS, and all forms of repression and discrimination? While this issue was frequently discussed in the earlier years of modern victimology, since the agreement of the UN General Assembly to the 1985 UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power (the ‘Declaration’), debate on this issue seemed to have subsided. The title of the Declaration suggests that a consensus emerged that victimology should only include victims of crime and victims of abuse of power, each of these terms having specific definitions as found in the Declaration. However, it appears that many victimologists do not necessarily accept the definitions and limitations of the Declaration. They argue that victimology ought to be concerned with all forms of human suffering, regardless of their origin. This article aims critically to assess the arguments and counter-arguments to this perspective. It concludes that there is no strong justifiable reason to limit the scope of the discipline, although for practical reasons it will often be necessary for particular research projects, victim advocacy and courses to establish clear parameters around which types of victims they will be concerned.
Dystrophy of the Diaphragmatic Muscles in Adult Meuse-Rhine-Yssel Cattle: Electromyographical and Histological Findings
Authors: Goedegebuure S.A. , Hartman W. , Hoebe H.P. 
Published: November 2015

Electromyographic investigation of diaphragmatic muscles of Meuse-Rhine-Yssel cattle revealed a significant decreased duration of action potentials, while the number of polyphasic potentials was increased in four of seven cows. Histologically, the diaphragmatic muscles in all cows were affected severely, as characterized by variation in size of individual fibers, abundant vacuolar and hyaline degeneration with occasional fragmentation and phagocytosis, fiber splitting, apparent increase in internal nuclei, vesicular nuclei, chains of central nuclei, absence of regeneration, and proliferation of endomysial and perimysial connective tissue. Core-like structures seemed to be a hallmark of the disease. The intercostal muscles in all cows had core-like structures and some variation in fiber size; degenerative lesions did occur, but were less severe than in diaphragmatic muscles. In other skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles, core-like structures were present predominantly, indicating a generalized muscle disorder. No lesions were detected in the peripheral or central nervous systems. The muscular alterations were classified as a progressive muscular dystrophy, with a suspicion of hereditary transmission. This dystrophy may be an important animal model.
Bacterial Colonization and Morphology of the Intestine in Porcine Escherichia Coli Enterotoxemia (Edema Disease)
Authors: Bertschinger H.U. , Pohlenz J. 
Published: November 2015

Twenty-one pigs were divided into three groups. Pigs in one group were inoculated with the intestinal contents which included bacteria from a pig with edema disease. Pigs in another group were inoculated with a culture of Escherichia coli serogroup O 139:K12(B):H1 isolated from the aforementioned contents, and pigs in a third group served as uninoculated controls. The infection was similar following both inocula. Enterotoxemia developed in 11 of the 14 pigs allowed to survive for more than two days. The onset varied from two to seven days after inoculation. There were maximal viable counts of E. coli in the intestine from the second day post-inoculation and thereafter. In frozen and paraffin sections, as well as by scanning electron microscopy, the organisms were seen on the surface of the small intestinal epithelium where they formed either isolated colonies or continuous layers. They colonized the lower small intestine more intensely than the upper section. The intestinal epithelium and the villi of infected pigs were indistinguishable morphologically from the tissues of three uninoculated control pigs. The diarrhea which was observed in controls and inoculated pigs before inoculation and the villus atrophy in controls and inoculated pigs indicated a preexisting infection with at least one other agent.
Nursing instructors’ perception of students’ uncivil behaviors: A qualitative study
Authors: Masoumpoor Anahita , Borhani Fariba , Abbaszadeh Abbas , Rassouli Maryam 
Published: November 2015

Background: Uncivil behavior is a serious issue in nursing education around the world, and is frequently faced by instructors and students. There is no study in relation to explain the concept and dimensions of uncivil behavior in nursing education of Iran. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the perception of nursing educators about student incivility behavior. Methods: This was a qualitative study. Data from 11 semi-structured interviews were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Participants and research context: In all, 11 nursing educators of 5 various nursing schools in Tehran, capital of Iran, participated. Ethical considerations: Organizational approval by the Universities, and informed consent were ensured before conducting the research. The principles of voluntariness, confidentiality, and anonymity were respected during the research process. Results: Three themes were found: disruptive behavior affecting communication climate, disruptive behavior affecting ethical climate, and disruptive behavior affecting learning climate. Discussion and final considerations: The results of this study demonstrated that uncivil behavior affects every ethical, communicational, and learning climate and threaten peace of the instructors, students, and the academic community. With the consideration of mutuality in incivility behaviors, the authors propose to examine students’ perceptions and identify dimensions of uncivil behavior of instructors for formulating strategies to minimize such behaviors in nursing educational society.
The Role of Private Foreign Capital in the Growth and Development of Developing Economies with Special Reference to India: Some Key Issues and Policy Options
Authors: Kumar Mishra DR Mukesh 
Published: November 2015

Factors that attract foreign capital inflows are analysed. These are free repatriation of dividends and profits, protection of dividends property rights and guarantees against uatioualisatio11. Indian foreign investment policies compare well with most Asian countries except in two things; one is the absence of Intellectual Property Rights Laws and the other is bureaucratic red tapism. To tackle these two hurdles, the Government of India has taken numbers of steps. It has been observed that to set up a power project, 42 approvals are required from various Central and State Agencies. The cooperation between states and centre in terms of FDI approval is lacking. Finally it is worth noting that in case of many, foreign controlled companies more than 3/4th of foreign equity is made up of bo111ts shares to the foreign pro11wters with the result that exchange outgo exceeded by 1988 its inflow.
Building Relationship through Pricing
Authors: Agrawal M.L. , Borah N.C. 
Published: November 2015

Pricing, especially service pricing, is among the under researched areas. As a result, the fuller potential of pricing is yet to be seen in services marketing and in relationship building. As marketing converts to relationship marketing, pricing too should follow suit and become relationship pricing. It is widely believed that the ways to the heart of the customer are through customisation, communication and emotions. Charging customers for any of the services is certainly not among the favored ways to charm the customers. The paper critiques the existing pricing strategies from the goal of relations building. It follows up the same through a case study of a major corporate hospital that adapted and strategised relationship pricing. Set in the backdrop of a new order of health care in India, GNRC hospital - a tertian; hospital in the private sector, is consciously creating a relationship with its customers through a web of creative pricing policy, price bundling and payment systems. The conceptual and the case-based analysis in the paper reflect the fact that pricing is among the more relevant indices to a price sensitive Indian market. It is more so in the northeast of India that is coming out of years of economic exploitation and social neglect. The distinctly poor northeast merits down to earth routes of relationship building. GNRC case offers the same to its customers and probably, a Jew inputs to its fellow healthcare providers and to the global customer managers affiliated to the health care services.
Perception of Co-Brands: An Empirical Study
Authors: Mannan Deepti , Bawa Anupam 
Published: November 2015

Co-branding is ‘the placing of two (or more) brand names on a single product’. While co-branding is getting increasingly popular in the Indian market place, researchers have not devoted adequate attention to it. Data was collected from 103 respondents on their perception about four prominent cobrands and their seven constituent brands. No fictitious brands were used. Contrary to hypothesis, it was found that perception about foreign constituent brands is not superior to perception about Indian constituent brands. Again, contrary to hypotheses results show that co-brands formed by brands of related products are not perceived more favourably than co-brands formed by brands of unrelated products. In keeping with the hypothesis it was found that perception of co-brands is similar to that of constituent brands. Marketing Managers will find these results of use when they are choosing a brand with which to partner of forming a co-brand. Brand managers of the brands featured in this research will get information about the perception of their brand in the Indian market.
The Changing Profile of Indian Boards
Authors: Kumar Garg Ajay 
Published: November 2015

The Cod bury committee report (1992) placed the corporate board at the centre stage of the governance system that it described as one by which companies are directed and governed. A major port of the debate on corporate governance centres around board composition especially board size and independence. Corporate governance reforms in the US and the UK hove focused on making the board independent of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and hence on independent directors. The Cadbury Committee (1992), the Greenbury Committee (1995), the Hampel Committee (1998), the Higgs Committee (2003), etc. have mandated independent directors on the board. Guidelines have been issued in India on the composition of the board of directors that are on similar lines as those given abroad, mandating the appointment of a certain percentage of independent directors. The SEBI Guidelines on Corporate Governance based on the report of the Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee and recommendations of subsequent committees, namely, the Naresh Chandra Committee, the N.R. Narayana Murthy Committee, and very recently, the J.J. Irani Committee have given a mandate for independent directors. Literature finds that smaller boards are more efficient than larger ones. A larger board impairs the performance of the firm. This paper documents the changing profile of the boards of Indian companies in the light of the guidelines on board composition which have been given by various statutory bodies and committees.