bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis: medical therapy and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)—a real-world retrospective cohort analysis of outcomes and cost-effectiveness using national data
Authors: Freeman Phillip M , Protty Majd B , Aldalati Omar , Lacey Arron , King William , Anderson Richard A , Smith Dave 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesDetermine the real-world difference between 2 groups of patients with severe aortic stenosis and similar baseline comorbidities: surgical turn down (STD) patients, who were managed medically prior to the availability of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) following formal surgical outpatient assessment, and patients managed with a TAVI implant.DesignRetrospective cohort study from real-world data.SettingElectronic patient letters were searched for patients with a diagnosis of severe aortic stenosis and a formal outpatient STD prior to the availability of TAVI (1999–2009). The second group comprised the first 90 cases of TAVI in South Wales (2009 onwards). 2 years prior to and 5 years following TAVI/STD were assessed. Patient data were pseudoanonymised, using the Secure Anonymized Information Linkage (SAIL) databank, and extracted from Office National Statistics (ONS), Patient-Episode Database for Wales (PEDW) and general practitioner databases.Population90 patients who had undergone TAVI in South Wales, and 65 STD patients who were medically managed.Main outcome measuresSurvival, hospital admission frequency and length of stay, primary care visits, and cost-effectiveness.ResultsTAVI patients were significantly older (81.8 vs 79.2), more likely to be male (59.1% vs 49.3%), baseline comorbidities were balanced. Mortality in TAVI versus STD was 28% vs 70% at 1000 days follow-up. There were significantly more hospital admissions per year in the TAVI group prior to TAVI/STD (1.5 (IQR 1.0–2.4) vs 1.0 IQR (0.5–1.5)). Post TAVI/STD, the TAVI group had significantly lower hospital admissions (0.3 (IQR 0.0–1.0) vs 1.2 (IQR 0.7–3.0)) and lengths of stay (0.4 (IQR 0.0–13.8) vs 11.0 (IQR 2.5–28.5), p<0.05). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for TAVI was £10 533 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY).ConclusionsTAVI patients were more likely to survive and avoid hospital admissions compared with the medically managed STD group. The ICER for TAVI was £10 533 per QALY, making it a cost-effective procedure.
Analytical and numerical study on cooling flow field designs performance of PEM fuel cell with variable heat flux
Authors: Afshari Ebrahim , Ziaei-Rad Masoud , Jahantigh Nabi 
Published: June 2016

In PEM fuel cells, during electrochemical generation of electricity more than half of the chemical energy of hydrogen is converted to heat. This heat of reactions, if not exhausted properly, would impair the performance and durability of the cell. In general, large scale PEM fuel cells are cooled by liquid water that circulates through coolant flow channels formed in bipolar plates or in dedicated cooling plates. In this paper, a numerical method has been presented to study cooling and temperature distribution of a polymer membrane fuel cell stack. The heat flux on the cooling plate is variable. A three-dimensional model of fluid flow and heat transfer in cooling plates with 15 cm × 15 cm square area is considered and the performances of four different coolant flow field designs, parallel field and serpentine fields are compared in terms of maximum surface temperature, temperature uniformity and pressure drop characteristics. By comparing the results in two cases, the constant and variable heat flux, it is observed that applying constant heat flux instead of variable heat flux which is actually occurring in the fuel cells is not an accurate assumption. The numerical results indicated that the straight flow field model has temperature uniformity index and almost the same temperature difference with the serpentine models, while its pressure drop is less than all of the serpentine models. Another important advantage of this model is the much easier design and building than the spiral models.
A shearlet-based fast thresholded Landweber algorithm for deconvolution
Authors: Grohs Philipp , Kereta Željko , Wiesmann Uwe 
Published: June 2016

Image deconvolution is an important problem, which has seen plenty of progress in the last decades. Due to its ill-posedness, a common approach is to formulate the reconstruction as an optimization problem[Formula: see text] regularized by an additional sparsity-enforcing term. This term is often modeled as an [Formula: see text] norm measured in the domain of a suitable signal transform. The resulting optimization problem can be solved by an iterative approach via Landweber iterations with soft thresholding of the transform coefficients. Previous approaches focused on thresholding in the wavelet-domain. In particular, recent work [C. Vonesch and M. Unser, A fast thresholded Landweber algorithm for wavelet-regularized multidimensional deconvolution, IEEE Trans. Image Process. 17(4) (2008) 539–549.] has shown that the use of Shannon wavelets results in particularly efficient reconstruction algorithms. The present paper extends this approach to Shannon shearlets, which we also introduce in this work. We show that for anisotropic blurring filters, such as the motion blur, the novel shearlet-based approach allows for further a improvement in efficiency. In particular, we observe that for such kernels using shearlets instead of wavelets improves the quality of image restoration and SERG, when compared after the same number of iterations.
Rediscovering the Economics of Keynes in an Agent-Based Computational Setting
Authors: Bruun Charlotte 
Published: June 2016

The aim of this paper is to use agent-based computational economics to explore the economic thinking of Keynes. Taking his starting point at the macroeconomic level, Keynes argued that economic systems are characterized by fundamental uncertainty — an uncertainty that makes rule-based behavior and reliance on monetary magnitudes more optimal to the economic agent than profit — and utility optimization in the traditional sense. Unfortunately, more systematic studies of the properties of such a system were not possible at the time of Keynes. However, the system envisioned by Keynes holds a lot of properties in common with what we today call complex dynamic systems, and we may apply the method of agent-based computational economics to his ideas. The presented agent-based Keynesian model demonstrates, as argued by Keynes, that the economy can self-organize without relying on price movement as an equilibrating factor. In our implementation, self-organization, however, does not mean a steady long run equilibrium but a tendency to generate cycles.
Eradication of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with FLT3 Ligand–Targeted miR-150 Nanoparticles
Authors: Jiang Xi , Bugno Jason , Hu Chao , Yang Yang , Herold Tobias , Qi Jun , Chen Ping , Gurbuxani Sandeep , Arnovitz Stephen , Strong Jennifer , Ferchen Kyle , Ulrich Bryan , Weng Hengyou , Wang Yungui , Huang Hao , Li Shenglai , Neilly Mary Beth , Larson Richard A. , Le Beau Michelle M. , Bohlander Stefan K. , Jin Jie , Li Zejuan , Bradner James E. , Hong Seungpyo , Chen Jianjun 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common and fatal form of hematopoietic malignancy. Overexpression and/or mutations of FLT3 have been shown to occur in the majority of cases of AML. Our analysis of a large-scale AML patient cohort (N = 562) indicates that FLT3 is particularly highly expressed in some subtypes of AML, such as AML with t(11q23)/MLL-rearrangements or FLT3-ITD. Such AML subtypes are known to be associated with unfavorable prognosis. To treat FLT3-overexpressing AML, we developed a novel targeted nanoparticle system: FLT3 ligand (FLT3L)-conjugated G7 poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) nanosized dendriplex encapsulating miR-150, a pivotal tumor suppressor and negative regulator of FLT3. We show that the FLT3L-guided miR-150 nanoparticles selectively and efficiently target FLT3-overexpressing AML cells and significantly inhibit viability/growth and promote apoptosis of the AML cells. Our proof-of-concept animal model studies demonstrate that the FLT3L-guided miR-150 nanoparticles tend to concentrate in bone marrow, and significantly inhibit progression of FLT3-overexpressing AML in vivo, while exhibiting no obvious side effects on normal hematopoiesis. Collectively, we have developed a novel targeted therapeutic strategy, using FLT3L-guided miR-150–based nanoparticles, to treat FLT3-overexpressing AML with high efficacy and minimal side effects. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4470–80. ©2016 AACR.
RETRACTED: PHGDH Expression Is Required for Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis, Breast Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance, and Lung Metastasis
Authors: Samanta Debangshu , Park Youngrok , Andrabi Shaida A. , Shelton Laura M. , Gilkes Daniele M. , Semenza Gregg L. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Intratumoral hypoxia stimulates enrichment of breast cancer stem cells (BCSC), which are critical for metastasis and patient mortality. Here we report a metabolic adaptation that is required for hypoxia-induced BCSC enrichment and metastasis. Hypoxia-inducible factors coordinately regulate expression of genes encoding phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) and five downstream enzymes in the serine synthesis pathway and mitochondrial one-carbon (folate) cycle. RNAi-mediated silencing of PHGDH expression in both estrogen receptor–positive and negative breast cancer cells led to decreased NADPH levels, disturbed mitochondrial redox homeostasis, and increased apoptosis, which abrogated BCSC enrichment under hypoxic conditions. PHGDH-deficient cells exhibited increased oxidant levels and apoptosis, as well as loss of BCSC enrichment, in response to treatment with carboplatin or doxorubicin. PHGDH-deficient cells were relatively weakly tumorigenic and tumors that did form were deficient in BCSCs, abolishing metastatic capacity. Our findings highlight a role for PHGDH in the formation of secondary (recurrent or metastatic) tumors, with potential implications for therapeutic targeting of advanced cancers. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4430–42. ©2016 AACR.
Inhibition of SOAT1 Suppresses Glioblastoma Growth via Blocking SREBP-1–Mediated Lipogenesis
Authors: Geng Feng , Cheng Xiang , Wu Xiaoning , Yoo Ji Young , Cheng Chunming , Guo Jeffrey Yunhua , Mo Xiaokui , Ru Peng , Hurwitz Brian , Kim Sung-Hak , Otero Jose , Puduvalli Vinay , Lefai Etienne , Ma Jianjie , Nakano Ichiro , Horbinski Craig , Kaur Balveen , Chakravarti Arnab , Guo Deliang 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Elevated lipogenesis regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), a transcription factor playing a central role in lipid metabolism, is a novel characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM). The aim of this study was to identify effective approaches to suppress GBM growth by inhibition of SREBP-1. As SREBP activation is negatively regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cholesterol, we sought to determine whether suppression of sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT), a key enzyme converting ER cholesterol to cholesterol esters (CE) to store in lipid droplets (LDs), effectively suppressed SREBP-1 and blocked GBM growth.
Experimental Design: The presence of LDs in glioma patient tumor tissues was analyzed using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and electronic microscopy. Western blotting and real-time PCR were performed to analyze protein levels and gene expression of GBM cells, respectively. Intracranial GBM xenografts were used to determine the effects of genetically silencing SOAT1 and SREBP-1 on tumor growth.
Results: Our study unraveled that cholesterol esterification and LD formation are signature of GBM, and human patients with glioma possess elevated LDs that correlate with GBM progression and poor survival. We revealed that SOAT1 is highly expressed in GBM and functions as a key player in controlling the cholesterol esterification and storage in GBM. Targeting SOAT1 suppresses GBM growth and prolongs survival in xenograft models via inhibition of SREBP-1–regulated lipid synthesis.
Conclusions: Cholesterol esterification and storage in LDs are novel characteristics of GBM, and inhibiting SOAT1 to block cholesterol esterification is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat GBM by suppressing SREBP-1. Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5337–48. ©2016 AACR.
Effect of high or low protamine dosing on postoperative bleeding following heparin anticoagulation in cardiac surgery
Authors: Meesters Michael I. , Veerhoek Dennis , de Lange Fellery , de Vries Jacob-Willem , de Jong Jan R. , Romijn Johannes W. A. , Kelchtermans Hilde , Huskens Dana , van der Steeg Robin , Thomas Pepijn W. A. , Burtman David T. M. , van Barneveld Laurentius J. M. , Vonk Alexander B. A. , Boer Christa 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWhile experimental data state that protamine exerts intrinsic anticoagulation effects, protamine is still frequently overdosed for heparin neutralisation during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Since comparative studies are lacking, we assessed the influence of two protamine-to-heparin dosing ratios on perioperative haemostasis and bleeding, and hypothesised that protamine overdosing impairs the coagulation status following cardiac surgery. In this open-label, multicentre, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial, patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery were assigned to a low (0.8; n=49) or high (1.3; n=47) protamine-to-heparin dosing group. The primary outcome was 24-hour blood loss. Patient haemostasis was monitored using rotational thromboelastometry and a thrombin generation assay. The low protamine-to-heparin dosing ratio group received less protamine (329 ± 95 vs 539 ± 117 mg; p<0.001), while post-protamine activated clotting times were similar among groups. The high dosing group revealed increased intrinsic clotting times (236 ± 74 vs 196 ± 64 s; p=0.006) and the maximum post-protamine thrombin generation was less suppressed in the low dosing group (38 ± 40% vs 6 ± 9%; p=0.001). Postoperative blood loss was increased in the high dosing ratio group (615 ml; 95% CI 500–830 ml vs 470 ml; 95% CI 420–530 ml; p=0.021) when compared to the low dosing group, respectively. More patients in the high dosing group received fresh frozen plasma (11% vs 0%; p=0.02) and platelet concentrate (21% vs 6%; p=0.04) compared to the low dosing group. Our study confirms in vitro data that abundant protamine dosing is associated with increased postoperative blood loss and higher transfusion rates in cardiac surgery.
Parameterization Sensitivity and Instability Characteristics of the Maximum Sustainable Heat Flux Framework for Predicting Turbulent Collapse
Authors: Holdsworth Amber M. , Rees Tim , Monahan Adam H. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A maximum sustainable heat flux (MSHF) framework for the collapse of turbulence in the stable boundary layer has been previously studied using a one-dimensional model of Couette flow with parameterized turbulent fluxes. This study further investigates the stability properties of this model and assesses the robustness of the MSHF framework for predicting turbulent collapse to the choice of turbulence parameterization. The dynamic stability properties of the system are studied through numerical analysis of linearized equations of motion, and these results are compared with numerical solutions of the fully nonlinear system. While the MSHF mechanism and the qualitative features of the equilibrium structure are robust to changes in turbulence parameterizations, important quantitative differences between the models are found. While the equilibrium structures for Businger–Dyer-type stability functions are independent of the roughness length , all of the other relations show a strong dependence on with regard to their shapes and the value of the MSHF. Equilibrium curves for some of the parameterizations exhibit multiple extrema, and transitions between stable and unstable regimes occur at extrema of the equilibrium curves in parameter space. Along the unstable branch(es), the Couette flow model has only a single unstable mode for all turbulence parameterizations considered. The MSHF framework is qualitatively robust to the choice of parameterization, but its use to predict the collapse of turbulence in the SBL is quantitatively sensitive to the turbulence scheme, especially for small values of .
Cross-Seasonal Relationship between the Boreal Autumn SAM and Winter Precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere in CMIP5
Authors: Liu Ting , Li Jianping , Feng Juan , Wang Xiaofan , Li Yang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRecent work suggests that the boreal autumn Southern Hemisphere annular mode (SAM) favors a tripole pattern of winter precipitation anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere. This study focuses on the abilities of climate models that participated in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to reproduce the physical processes involved in this observed cross-seasonal connection. A systematic evaluation suggested that 16 out of 25 models were essentially capable of reproducing this cross-seasonal connection. Two categories of models were selected to explore the underlying reasons for these successful simulations. Models that successfully simulated the cross-seasonal relationship were placed in the type-I category, and these performed well in reproducing the related physical mechanism, known as the “coupled ocean–atmosphere bridge,” in terms of the SST variability associated with the SAM and response of the meridional circulation to these SST anomalies. In contrast, the type-II category of models showed poor performance in representing the related processes and associated feedbacks, and the model biases compromised the performance of the simulated cross-seasonal relationship. These results demonstrate that the capability of the CMIP5 models to reproduce SST variability associated with the boreal autumn SAM and related coupled ocean–atmosphere bridge process plays a decisive role in the successful simulation of the cross-seasonal relationship.
Modeling the Partitioning of Turbulent Fluxes at Urban Sites with Varying Vegetation Cover
Authors: Best M. J. , Grimmond C. S. B. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Inclusion of vegetation is critical for urban land surface models (ULSM) to represent reasonably the turbulent sensible and latent heat flux densities in an urban environment. Here the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), a ULSM, is used to simulate the Bowen ratio at a number of urban and rural sites with vegetation cover varying between 1% and 98%. The results show that JULES is able to represent the observed Bowen ratios, but only when the additional anthropogenic water supplied into the urban ecosystem is considered. The impact of the external water use (e.g., through irrigation or street cleaning) on the surface energy flux partitioning can be as substantial as that of the anthropogenic heat flux on the sensible and latent heat fluxes. The Bowen ratio varies from 1 to 2 when the plan area vegetation fraction is between 30% and 70%. However, when the vegetation fraction is less than 20%, the Bowen ratios increase substantially (2–10) and have greater sensitivity to assumptions about external water use. As there are few long-term observational sites with vegetation cover less than 30%, there is a clear need for more measurement studies in such environments.
Error Characteristics of Ceilometer-Based Observations of Cloud Amount
Authors: Wagner Timothy J. , Kleiss Jessica M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCeilometer observations of cloud cover are an important component of the automated weather observation network. However, the accuracy of its measurements of cloud amount is impacted by the limited vertical range and areal extent of its observations. A multiyear collocated dataset of observations from a laser ceilometer, a total sky imager (TSI), and a micropulse lidar (MPL) at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility is used to simulate the observations of operational ceilometers and to analyze the magnitude of the errors associated with ceilometer-based observations of cloud amount. The limited areal coverage of ceilometers results in error when skies are heterogeneous, but these errors are small compared to those caused by the limited vertical range: observations of clear sky or few clouds are often in error as the instrument cannot detect the presence of upper-level clouds. The varying quantities of upper-level clouds mean that errors are diurnally and seasonally dependent, with the greatest error at the SGP site happening in the morning and summer, respectively. Overall, the spatial homogeneity and low base of stratus clouds means that ceilometer-based observations of overcast skies are the most accurate, with a root-mean-square error of cloud fraction in overcast conditions an order of magnitude lower than for the dataset as a whole.
A New Forecast Model Based on the Analog Method for Persistent Extreme Precipitation
Authors: Zhou Baiquan , Zhai Panmao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study aims to establish an analog prediction model for forecasting daily persistent extreme precipitation (PEP) during a PEP event (PEPE) using the temporal sequences of predictors with different weights applied in the atmospheric spatial field. The predictors are atmospheric variables in areas where the key influential systems of a PEPE are active in the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) dataset. By means of the cosine similarity measure and the cuckoo search technique, a forecast model was established and named the Key Influential Systems Based Analog Model (KISAM). Validations through threat scores (TSs) and root-mean-square errors for PEP during 17–25 June 2010 indicate that KISAM is able to identify the approaching PEP earlier and yield a more accurate forecast for the location and intensity of PEP than direct model output (DMO) at 3-day and longer lead times in the Yangtze–Huai River valley. For the independent PEPE case on 17–19 June 2010, KISAM is able to predict the PEPE about 8 days in advance. That is much earlier than with DMO. In addition, KISAM produces better intensity forecasts and predicts the extent of the PEPE better than DMO at the same lead time of 5 days. In terms of the forecast experiments during June 2010 and 2015, KISAM shows relatively stronger capacity than DMO in predicting the occurrence and intensity of extreme precipitation (EP) and PEP events at lead times of 1 week or even longer. Through validation of more EP, better performance of KISAM compared to DMO on average is further confirmed at 3-day and longer lead times.
Rain Gauges to Range Conditions: Collaborative Development of a Drought Information System to Support Local Decision-Making
Authors: Ferguson Daniel B. , Masayesva Anna , Meadow Alison M. , Crimmins Michael A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Drought monitoring and drought planning are complex endeavors. Measures of precipitation or streamflow provide little context for understanding how social and environmental systems impacted by drought are responding. Here the authors report on collaborative work with the Hopi Tribe—a Native American community in the U.S. Southwest—to develop a drought information system that is responsive to local needs. A strategy is presented for developing a system that is based on an assessment of how drought is experienced by Hopi citizens and resource managers, that can incorporate local observations of drought impacts as well as conventional indicators, and that brings together local expertise with conventional science-based observations. The system described here is meant to harness as much available information as possible to inform tribal resource managers, political leaders, and citizens about drought conditions and to also engage these local drought stakeholders in observing, thinking about, and helping to guide planning for drought.