bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controversies in the management of caustic ingestion injury: an evidence‐based review
Authors: Bird J.H. , Kumar S. , Paul C. , Ramsden J.D. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundCaustic ingestion of acid or alkaline substances can cause damage to the upper respiratory and upper digestive tract. Initial presentation following caustic ingestion can include oropharyngeal pain, dysphagia and stridor. It is due to this clinical presentation that the resident otolaryngologist is consulted to review and examine these patients to assess for airway compromise and commence initial management and care until airway concern has passed.Objective of reviewThis review aims to provide evidence‐based guidance in the management of those presenting with acute ingestion injury so that informed initial medical therapy can be commenced and appropriate investigations are arranged to optimize patient outcome.Type of review and search strategyA literature review searched PubMed citing variations on the areas of controversies with ‘caustic ingestion’, ‘corrosive ingestion’, ‘acid ingestion’ and ‘alkali ingestion’ – from 1956 to present with language restrictions.Evaluation methodThe bibliographies of articles were searched for relevant references. The references were then compiled and reviewed independently by two authors (JB and SK), overseen by the senior authors (CP and JR). The review process was conducted independently, with the results then collated, with the aim of identifying the highest levels of evidence in each of the areas of controversy.ResultsOver 100 full‐text articles were retrieved. Several specific areas of controversy were identified and addressed, with the highest available evidence referenced for each area.ConclusionsIn caustic ingestion injury, the urgent assessment of the airway is the first priority with a definitive airway secured in those with airway compromise. In those patients with a stable airway and no clinical or radiological sign of perforation, then medical therapy should be commenced and an urgent oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) is arranged and this should take place within the first 24 h to grade the degree of injury and establish long‐term prognosis. In suspected perforation, a surgical opinion should be sought. For those adults who are asymptomatic following ingestion an OGD may not be necessary; however, asymptomatic paediatric patients should be treated with more caution and a period of observation is important. Those who are at risk of developing late complications must be followed up.
An analysis of the fate of 917 manuscripts rejected from Clinical Otolaryngology
Authors: Earnshaw C.H. , Edwin C. , Bhat J. , Krishnan M. , Mamais C. , Somashekar S. , Sunil A. , Williams S.P. , Leong S.C. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesThe fate of all manuscripts rejected from the journal Clinical Otolaryngology (CO) over a three‐year period was investigated. The aim was to review publication rate, delay and the impact factors of the journals that the papers went on to be published in.DesignIn total, 917 papers were rejected from CO between 2011 and 2013. The fate of these manuscripts was determined by searching for the corresponding author's surname, and if necessary keywords from the manuscript title, in both PubMed and Google Scholar.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measures recorded were as follows: the subsequent publication of the article, delay to publication and journal of publication.ResultsIn all, 511 papers were subsequently published in journals, representing 55.7% of all rejected manuscripts. The average delay was 15.1 months (standard deviation [sd] = 8.8). The impact factor of CO was found to be higher than the average of the journals that accepted the rejected manuscripts in all 3 years. Only 41 (8%) papers were published in journals with a higher impact factor than CO. Of all subsequently accepted manuscripts, 60 (11.7%) were found only on Google Scholar (and not on PubMed).ConclusionsRejection from CO certainly does not prevent subsequent publication, although the papers tend to be published after a lengthy delay and in journals with a lower impact factor than CO. When performing literature searches, it is important to search more than one database to ensure as many of the relevant articles are found as possible.
Effects of time and recall of patch test results on quality of life (QoL) after testing. Cross‐sectional study analyzing QoL in hand eczema patients 1, 5 and 10 years after patch testing
Authors: Jamil Wasim N. , Lindberg Magnus 
Published: December 2016

SummaryBackgroundPatch testing can improve health‐related quality of life (HRQOL).ObjectivesTo study the impact on HRQOL of elapsed time after patch testing (1–10 years), and how the outcome of testing and patients' recall affects HRQOL.Patients/materials/methodsThe Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire was sent to all patients (aged 18–65 years) who were patch tested for suspected contact allergy in 2009, 2005 and 2000 at the Department of Dermatology in Örebro.ResultsThe response rate was 51% (n = 256). The DLQI score was significantly lower at 10 years after patch testing (mean DLQI = 5.5) than at 1 year (mean DLQI = 7.7). Work was the most impaired aspect. A binary logistic model showed that only time (10 years after testing) was associated with no effect, a light effect or a moderate effect (DLQI < 10) on HRQOL. No such association was seen for patients with negative or positive test results concerning full recall, partial recall or no recall of diagnosed allergens.ConclusionsAlthough there was an improvement in HRQOL over time, the work aspect remained a major problem. The improvement was not affected by the outcome of testing and patients' recall of test results.
Novel characteristics of traction force in biliary self‐expandable metallic stents
Authors: Hori Yasuki , Hayashi Kazuki , Yoshida Michihiro , Naitoh Itaru , Ban Tesshin , Miyabe Katsuyuki , Kondo Hiromu , Nishi Yuji , Umemura Shuichiro , Fujita Yasuaki , Natsume Makoto , Kato Akihisa , Ohara Hirotaka , Joh Takashi 
Published: December 2016

Background and AimIn recent years, knowledge concerning the mechanical properties of self‐expandable metallic stents (SEMS) has increased. In a previous study, we defined traction force and traction momentum and reported that these characteristics are important for optimal stent deployment. However, traction force and traction momentum were represented as relative values and were not evaluated in various conditions. The purpose of the present study was to measure traction force in various situations assumed during SEMS placement.MethodsTraction force and traction momentum were measured in non‐stricture, stricture, and angled stricture models using in‐house equipment.ResultsStricture and angled stricture models had significantly higher traction force and traction momentum than those of the non‐stricture model (stricture vs non‐stricture: traction force, 7.2 N vs 1.4 N, P < 0.001; traction momentum, 237.8 Ns vs 62.3 Ns, P = 0.001; angled stricture vs non‐stricture: traction force, 7.4 N vs 1.4 N, P < 0.001; traction momentum, 307.2 Ns vs 62.3 Ns, P < 0.001). Traction force was variable during SEMS placement and was categorized into five different stages, which were similar in both the stricture and angled stricture models.ConclusionsWe measured traction force and traction momentum under simulated clinical conditions and demonstrated that strictures and the angular positioning of the stent influenced the traction force. Clinicians should be aware of the transition of the traction force and should schedule X‐ray imaging during SEMS placement.
Predictive factors for outcomes of patients undergoing endoscopic therapy for bile leak after hepatobiliary surgery
Authors: Yabe Shuntaro , Kato Hironari , Mizukawa Sho , Akimoto Yutaka , Uchida Daisuke , Seki Hiroyuki , Tomoda Takeshi , Matsumoto Kazuyuki , Yamamoto Naoki , Horiguchi Shigeru , Tsutsumi Koichiro , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2016

Background and AimEndoscopic procedures are used as first‐line treatment for bile leak after hepatobiliary surgery. Advances have been made in endoscopic techniques and devices, but few reports have described the effectiveness of endoscopic procedures and the management principles based on severity of bile leak. We evaluated the effectiveness of an endoscopic procedure for the treatment of bile leak after hepatobiliary surgery.MethodsFifty‐eight patients underwent an endoscopic procedure for suspected bile leak after hepatobiliary surgery; the presence of bile leak on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was evaluated retrospectively. Two groups were created based on bile leak severity at ERCP. We defined success as follows: technical, successful placement of the plastic stent at the intended bile duct; clinical, improvement in symptoms of bile leak; and eventual, disappearance of bile leak at ERCP. We evaluated several factors that influenced the success of the endoscopic procedure and the differences between bile leak severity.ResultsSuccess rates were as follows: technical, 90%; clinical, 79%; and eventual, 71%. Median interval between first endoscopic procedure and achievement of eventual success was 135 days (IQR, 86–257 days). Bile leak severity was the only independent factor associated with eventual success (P = 0.01).ConclusionsEndoscopic therapy is safe and effective for postoperative bile leak. Bile leak severity is the most important factor influencing successful endoscopic therapy.
Reading comprehension and immersion schooling: evidence from component skills
Authors: Hansen Laura Birke , Morales Julia , Macizo Pedro , Duñabeitia Jon Andoni , Saldaña David , Carreiras Manuel , Fuentes Luis J. , Bajo M. Teresa 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe present research aims to assess literacy acquisition in children becoming bilingual via second language immersion in school. We adopt a cognitive components approach, assessing text‐level reading comprehension, a complex literacy skill, as well as underlying cognitive and linguistic components in 144 children aged 7 to 14 (72 immersion bilinguals, 72 controls). Using principal component analysis, a nuanced pattern of results was observed: although emergent bilinguals lag behind their monolingual counterparts on measures of linguistic processing, they showed enhanced performance on a memory and reasoning component. For reading comprehension, no between‐group differences were evident, suggesting that selective benefits compensate costs at the level of underlying cognitive components. Overall, the results seem to indicate that literacy skills may be modulated by emerging bilingualism even when no between‐group differences are evident at the level of complex skill, and the detection of such differences may depend on the focus and selectivity of the task battery used.
Maturation constrains the effect of exposure in linking language and thought: evidence from healthy preterm infants
Authors: Perszyk Danielle R. , Ferguson Brock , Waxman Sandra R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe power of human language rests upon its intricate links to human cognition. By 3 months of age, listening to language supports infants’ ability to form object categories, a building block of cognition. Moreover, infants display a systematic shift between 3 and 4 months – a shift from familiarity to novelty preferences – in their expression of this link between language and core cognitive processes. Here, we capitalize on this tightly‐timed developmental shift in fullterm infants to assess (a) whether it also appears in preterm infants and (b) whether it reflects infants’ maturational status or the duration of their postnatal experience. Healthy late preterm infants (N = 22) participated in an object categorization task while listening to language. Their performance, coupled with that of fullterm infants, reveals that this developmental shift is evident in preterm infants and unfolds on the same maturational timetable as in their fullterm counterparts.
Williams and the Desirability of Body‐Bound Immortality Revisited
Authors: Gorman A. G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBernard Williams argues that human mortality is a good thing because living forever would necessarily be intolerably boring. His argument is often attacked for unfoundedly proposing asymmetrical requirements on the desirability of living for mortal and immortal lives. My first aim in this paper is to advance a new interpretation of Williams' argument that avoids these objections, drawing in part on some of his other writings to contextualize it. My second aim is to show how even the best version of his argument only supports a somewhat weaker thesis: it may be possible for some people with certain special psychological features to enjoy an immortal life, but no one has good reason to bet on being such a person.
Mixotrophy everywhere on land and in water: thegrand écarthypothesis
Authors: Selosse Marc‐André , Charpin Marie , Not Fabrice 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThere is increasing awareness that many terrestrial and aquatic organisms are not strictly heterotrophic or autotrophic but rather mixotrophic. Mixotrophy is an intermediate nutritional strategy, merging autotrophy and heterotrophy to acquire organic carbon and/or other elements, mainly N, P or Fe. We show that both terrestrial and aquatic mixotrophs fall into three categories, namely necrotrophic (where autotrophs prey on other organisms), biotrophic (where heterotrophs gain autotrophy by symbiosis) and absorbotrophic (where autotrophs take up environmental organic molecules). Here we discuss their physiological and ecological relevance since mixotrophy is found in virtually every ecosystem and occurs across the whole eukaryotic phylogeny, suggesting an evolutionary pressure towards mixotrophy. Ecosystem dynamics tend to separate light from non‐carbon nutrients (N and P resources): the biological pump and water stratification in aquatic ecosystems deplete non‐carbon nutrients from the photic zone, while terrestrial plant successions create a canopy layer with light but devoid of non‐carbon soil nutrients. In both aquatic and terrestrial environments organisms face agrand écart(dancer's splits, i.e., the need to reconcile two opposing needs) between optimal conditions for photosynthesis vs. gain of non‐carbon elements. We suggest that mixotrophy allows adaptation of organisms to such ubiquist environmental gradients, ultimately explaining why mixotrophic strategies are widespread.
Onset and evolution of anxiety in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhu K. , van Hilten J. J. , Marinus J. 
Published: December 2016

Background and purposeAnxiety is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and has a great influence on quality of life. However, little is known about risk factors for development of anxiety in PD. We investigated which factors were associated with longitudinal changes in severity of anxiety symptoms and development of future anxiety in patients who were not anxious at baseline.MethodsAnalyses were performed on data of the PROfiling PARKinson's disease (PROPARK) cohort, a 5‐year hospital‐based longitudinal cohort of over 400 patients with PD who have been examined annually. Linear mixed models were used to identify factors associated with longitudinal changes in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Anxiety (HADS‐A) scores. Survival analysis using data of patients who were not anxious at baseline was performed to identify predictors of future anxiety (i.e. HADS‐A ≥ 11).ResultsOf 409 patients who were included at baseline, 67 (16%) had anxiety, whereas 64 (19%) of the remaining 342 non‐anxious patients developed anxiety after a mean (SD) follow‐up of 2.6 (1.3) years. Seventy percent of the patients with anxiety were also depressed. Female gender, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, dysautonomia, insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) at baseline were associated with higher HADS‐A scores over time and, except for female gender and EDS, all of these variables were independent predictors of development of anxiety in patients who were not anxious at baseline.ConclusionsAnxiety is highly prevalent in PD. Higher anxiety scores over time and future development of anxiety are associated with female gender, cognitive impairment, autonomic dysfunction, insomnia and EDS. Anxiety and depression usually coexist and share similar determinants, suggesting a common pathophysiological mechanism.
Wood pellets, what else? Greenhouse gas parity times of European electricity from wood pellets produced in the south‐eastern United States using different softwood feedstocks
Authors: Hanssen Steef V. , Duden Anna S. , Junginger Martin , Dale Virginia H. , van der Hilst Floor 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSeveral EU countries import wood pellets from the south‐eastern United States. The imported wood pellets are (co‐)fired in power plants with the aim of reducing overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electricity and meeting EU renewable energy targets. To assess whether GHG emissions are reduced and on what timescale, we construct the GHG balance of wood‐pellet electricity. This GHG balance consists of supply chain and combustion GHG emissions, carbon sequestration during biomass growth and avoided GHG emissions through replacing fossil electricity. We investigate wood pellets from four softwood feedstock types: small roundwood, commercial thinnings, harvest residues and mill residues. Per feedstock, the GHG balance of wood‐pellet electricity is compared against those of alternative scenarios. Alternative scenarios are combinations of alternative fates of the feedstock materials, such as in‐forest decomposition, or the production of paper or wood panels like oriented strand board (OSB). Alternative scenario composition depends on feedstock type and local demand for this feedstock. Results indicate that the GHG balance of wood‐pellet electricity equals that of alternative scenarios within 0–21 years (the GHG parity time), after which wood‐pellet electricity has sustained climate benefits. Parity times increase by a maximum of 12 years when varying key variables (emissions associated with paper and panels, soil carbon increase via feedstock decomposition, wood‐pellet electricity supply chain emissions) within maximum plausible ranges. Using commercial thinnings, harvest residues or mill residues as feedstock leads to the shortest GHG parity times (0–6 years) and fastest GHG benefits from wood‐pellet electricity. We find shorter GHG parity times than previous studies, for we use a novel approach that differentiates feedstocks and considers alternative scenarios based on (combinations of) alternative feedstock fates, rather than on alternative land uses. This novel approach is relevant for bioenergy derived from low‐value feedstocks.
A new twist on glass: A brittle material enabling flexible integrated photonics
Authors: Li Lan , Lin Hongtao , Michon Jerome , Huang Yizhong , Li Junying , Du Qingyang , Yadav Anupama , Richardson Kathleen , Gu Tian , Hu Juejun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGlass is in general brittle and therefore usually cannot sustain large deformation. Recent advances in glass material development as well as micro‐mechanical designs, however, are set to defy the conventional wisdom through the demonstration of flexible integrated photonics that can be bent, twisted, and even stretched without compromising its structural integrity and optical performance. In this paper, we review the latest progress in this emerging field, and discuss the rational material and mechanical engineering principles underlying the extraordinary flexibility of these photonic structures. Leveraging these design strategies, we demonstrated bendable chalcogenide glass waveguide circuits, flexible glass waveguide‐integrated nanomembrane photodetectors, and stretchable glass photonics.
Tannase from Aspergillus melleus improves the antioxidant activity of green tea: purification and biochemical characterisation
Authors: Liu Tatiana Pereira Shiu Lin , Brandão Costa Romero Marcos Pedrosa , de Vasconcelos Freitas Dante Jordão , Oliveira Nacimento Cynthia , de Souza Motta Cristina Maria , Bezerra Raquel Pedrosa , Nunes Herculano Polyanna , Porto Ana Lucia Figueiredo 
Published: December 2016

SummaryTannase is an inducible enzyme used extensively in food, feed, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. In this study, tannase production and its biochemical properties were evaluated. From 42 Aspergillus strains analysed for potential tannase selection, Aspergillus melleus yielded the best results. Production was analysed using a complete factorial planning of 2³. Maximum activity (452.55 U mL−1) was obtained in the optimal conditions of substrate (5.0 g), initial moisture (60%), tannic acid (2%) and 48 h of fermentation. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated as 69.52 kDa; its optimum temperature and pH were 40 °C and 5.5, respectively. Regarding the chemical effectors used, tannase was inhibited by ZnCl2, ZnSO4, Triton X‐100 and SDS. The addition of tannase to green tea improved its antioxidant potential by approximately 85% when compared to the control. The present results suggest that tannase may be used as an adjuvant to increase the antioxidant potential of green tea.
Effect of partial substitution of sodium with potassium chloride in the fermenting brine on organoleptic characteristics and bioactive molecules occurrence in table olives debittered using Spanish and Castelvetrano methods
Authors: Ambra Roberto , Lucchetti Sabrina , Moneta Elisabetta , Peparaio Marina , Nardo Nicoletta , Baiamonte Irene , Di Costanzo Maria Gabriella , Saggia Civitelli Eleonora , Pastore Gianni 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThis research was aimed at testing whether the partial substitution of NaCl with KCl (50 or 75% relative substitution) in the fermenting brine of green table Nocellara del Belice olives debittered using two used method (Spanish and Castelvetrano) affected the presence of nutritionally relevant molecules (tocopherols, carotenoids, squalene, phenolic compounds) or the organoleptic characteristics of the table‐ready product. Results support the effectiveness of NaCl partial substitution by potassium chloride for olive processing, with the advantage of a significant decrease in the amount of sodium in the end product. The presence of the main bioactive molecules remained substantially unchanged, but KCl was associated with an increase in bitterness in both debittering methods. However, bitter properties (bitter, persistence and aftertaste) of olives obtained through the modification of Castelvetrano method still remained below those debittered with the classic Spanish method preserving, for such olives, the characteristic of ‘sweet olives’.
High‐pressure processing‐induced conformational changes during heating affect water holding capacity of myosin gel
Authors: Wang Mengyao , Chen Xing , Zou Yufeng , Chen Hongqiang , Xue Siwen , Qian Chang , Wang Peng , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effects of high‐pressure processing (HPP) (0.1‐400 MPa for 9 min) on the water holding capacity (WHC) of heat‐induced rabbit myosin gel and structural changes during thermal treatment (25–75 °C). HPP at 100 MPa significantly increased the WHC (P < 0.05) and formed more regular and homogeneous three‐dimensional network. Myosin tails at 100 MPa unfolded completely during the thermal treatment, which was beneficial to form a high WHC gel network. However, myosin pressurised at 200 MPa and above formed a weak gel. Their heads were already aggregated before heating, preventing from subsequent thermal denaturation and aggregation. With the temperature increasing, unfolding of myosin tails was not sufficient for a filamentous network formation. These results suggested that HPP could modify the myosin structure and affect the gel formation during heating. The 100 MPa was the optimum pressure level for the WHC of rabbit myosin gel.