bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of Globodera sandveldensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from South Africa
Authors: Knoetze Rinus , Swart Antoinette , Wentzel Ria , Tiedt Lourens R. 
Published: August 2017

A new cyst nematode, herein described as Globodera sandveldensis n. sp., was found in the Sandveld, Western Cape Province, South Africa. As the host plant of G. sandveldensis n. sp. is currently unknown, the species is represented by cysts and second-stage juveniles (J2) only. The J2 are characterised by a well developed stylet of 26.4 (24.8-28.5) μm with rounded to anteriorly flattened knobs. The distance from the dorsal pharyngeal gland outlet to the stylet knobs is 4.5 (2.4-7.2) μm. The tail is 64 (56-77) μm long and the length of the hyaline region is 33 (22-39) μm. The cysts are characterised by their ovate to spherical shape, short neck, and the presence of subcuticular punctations and bullae or vulval bodies. Six to 14 cuticular ridges/lines are present on the outer surface of the cyst between the anus and vulval basin. Granek’s ratio is 1.7 (0.9-3.0), the vulval basin diam. is 20.4 (13.1-34.6) μm and the distance between vulval basin and anus is 33.5 (19.7-54.0) μm. Phylogenetic relationships with other species of the genus, inferred from ITS-rDNA sequences, indicate that G. sandveldensis n. sp. is included in the clade of Globodera sp. that parasitise non-solanaceous plants and is closely related to unidentified Globodera spp. from Portugal, G. millefolii, and G. artemisiae.
CoCoRaHS Observers Contribute to “Condition Monitoring” in the Carolinas: A New Initiative Addresses Needs for Drought Impacts Information
Authors: Lackstrom Kirsten , Farris Amanda , Eckhardt David , Doesken Nolan , Reges Henry , Turner Julian , Smith Kelly Helm , Ward Rebecca 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article introduces two new tools developed to enhance drought impacts monitoring by citizen scientists. In collaboration with the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS), the National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC), and the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow (CoCoRaHS) network, the Carolinas Integrated Sciences and Assessments (CISA) developed an experimental method of drought monitoring and reporting by citizen scientists. Since 2013, CISA has recruited CoCoRaHS observers in the Carolinas to participate in “condition monitoring,” the regular reporting of local conditions. In contrast to intermittent drought impact reports, condition monitoring creates a baseline for comparison of change through time and improves understanding of the onset, intensification, and recovery of drought.A project evaluation demonstrated the usefulness of the qualitative reports, while also identifying a need for improved accessibility to the information and a quantitative metric to more quickly assess changing conditions. Evaluation findings informed the development of 1) a condition monitoring scale bar for inclusion on the national CoCoRaHS reporting form and 2) a web map to spatially display the condition monitoring reports. CoCoRaHS observers use the scale bar to record their assessment of local conditions, ranging from severely wet to severely dry. Their qualitative reports provide more in-depth information about their selection, noting the effects of weather and climate on the environment and communities in their area. The web map provides an easily accessible format for users such as the State Climate Offices to view the reports, facilitating the incorporation of CoCoRaHS observations into drought monitoring processes.
An Atmospheric Hydraulic Jump in the Santa Barbara Channel
Authors: Juliano Timothy W. , Parish Thomas R. , Rahn David A. , Leon David C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAs part of the Precision Atmospheric Marine Boundary Layer Experiment, the University of Wyoming King Air sampled an atmospheric environment conducive to the formation of a hydraulic jump on 24 May 2012 off the coast of California. Strong, northwesterly flow rounded the Point Arguello–Point Conception complex and encountered the remnants of an eddy circulation in the Santa Barbara Channel. The aircraft flew an east–west vertical sawtooth pattern that captured a sharp thinning of the marine boundary layer and the downstream development of a hydraulic jump. In situ observations show a dramatic rise in isentropes and a coincident sudden decrease in wind speeds. Imagery from the Wyoming Cloud Lidar clearly depicts the jump feature via copolarization and depolarization returns. Estimations of MBL depth are used to calculate the upstream Froude number from hydraulic theory. Simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model produced results in agreement with the observations. The innermost domain uses a 900-m horizontal grid spacing and encompasses the transition from supercritical to subcritical flow south of Point Conception. Upstream Froude number estimations from the model compare well to observations. A strongly divergent wind field, consistent with expansion fan dynamics, is present upwind of the hydraulic jump. The model accurately resolves details of the marine boundary layer collapse into the jump. Results from large-eddy simulations show a large increase in the turbulent kinetic energy field coincident with the hydraulic jump.
Engaging with Users of Climate Information and the Coproduction of Knowledge
Authors: Kruk Michael C. , Parker Britt , Marra John J. , Werner Kevin , Heim Richard , Vose Russell , Malsale Philip 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Within the realm of climate and environmental sciences, stakeholder engagement has traditionally been given a relative low priority in favor of generating tools, products, and services following the longstanding practice of pushing out information in the hopes users will pull it into their decision toolkits. However, the landscape is gradually shifting away from that paradigm and toward one in which the stakeholder community is more directly involved in the production of products and services with the scientific organization. This mutual learning arrangement, referred to as the coproduction of knowledge, has been applied to two user engagement activities within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and the NOAA Office of Coastal Management (OCM) Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP). The iterative nature of such dialogues helped scientists within NCEI and OCM to better understand user requirements and as a result generate climate information that was locally relevant and regionally applicable. The recent engagement activities exemplified the benefits of a robust and sustained relationship between climate scientists and the user community. They demonstrate that the interactions between the two led to the empowerment of the local community to shape and mold climate information products as well as further enhancing user buy in of these products and services with which local agriculture and food security, disaster risk reduction, energy, health, and water decisions are being made. This coproduction of knowledge model for user engagement activities also serves to build trust between the scientific and user communities.
Early psychosis in central Vietnam: A longitudinal study of short-term functional outcomes and their predictors
Authors: Humphries Seiji , King Robert , Dunne Michael P , Nguyen Cat Huu 
Published: August 2017

Background: Few longitudinal studies have investigated the functional outcomes of individuals with recent-onset psychotic illness in low- and middle-income countries. Aims: To investigate short-term functional remission and its predictors in a central Vietnamese sample. Methods: A naturalistic 6-month prospective cohort study recruited 79 patients of public health facilities who had experienced a first episode of schizophrenia or related illness in the past 18 months. Individuals and their family members were interviewed using standardised assessments of community functioning, symptoms, treatment, demographics and various psychosocial variables. Rates of functional remission (i.e. no or minimal impairment) were calculated based on rigorous, culturally appropriate criteria. Generalised estimating equations were used to explore predictors of remission. Results: Rates of global functional remission were 28% at baseline and 53% at follow-up. In individual functional domains, remission was least common for occupational activities, intermediate for relationships and relatively common for daily living activities. Global functional remission was significantly associated with absence of negative and cognitive symptoms, average or better household economic status and unimpaired premorbid functioning. Conclusion: Remission rates appeared similar to those seen in many international intervention studies. However, individuals from poor households had markedly unfavourable outcomes, suggesting the need for community-based interventions targeting low-socioeconomic status (SES) groups.
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and frequency of sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption among low-income adults in the US
Authors: Park Jiyeun , Lin Hsien-Chang , Peng Chao-Ying 
Published: August 2017

Background: The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) was designed to help low-income people purchase nutritious foods in the US. In recent years, there has been a consistent call for banning purchases of sugar drinks in SNAP. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the association between SNAP participation and the frequency of sugar-sweetened soft drink (SSD) consumption among low-income adults in the US. Method: Data came from the 2009–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Low-income adults aged ≥20 years with a household income ≤250% of the Federal Poverty Level ( N = 1200) were categorized into two groups based on the household’s SNAP receipt: SNAP recipients ( n = 393) and non-recipients ( n = 807). Propensity-score matching was used to minimize observable differences between these two groups that may explain the difference in SSD consumption, generating the final sample of 393 matched pairs (SNAP recipients, n = 393; non-recipients, n = 393). An ordinal logistic regression was conducted on the matched sample. Results: SNAP recipients were more likely to report higher levels of SSD consumption, compared with non-recipients (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17−2.07). Male gender (AOR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.17−2.46), younger age (AOR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96−0.99), lower education level (AOR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.33−3.89), and soda availability in homes (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.77−2.83) were also associated with higher levels of SSD consumption among low-income adults. Conclusions: SNAP participation was associated with frequent SSD consumption. To reduce SSD consumption, strategic efforts need to focus on educating people about the harms of SSD and promoting nutritious food choices with SNAP benefits.
Efficacy and Safety of the Early Addition of Vasopressin to Norepinephrine in Septic Shock
Authors: Hammond Drayton A. , Cullen Julia , Painter Jacob T. , McCain Kelsey , Clem Oktawia A. , Brotherton Amy L. , Chopra Divyan , Meena Nikhil 
Published: August 2017

Background: Delays in achievement of target mean arterial pressure (MAP) have been associated with increased mortality in patients with septic shock. Vasopressin may be added to norepinephrine to raise MAP or decrease norepinephrine dosage. The purpose of this study was to determine whether early initiation of vasopressin to norepinephrine resulted in a reduced time to target MAP compared to norepinephrine monotherapy. Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared early addition of vasopressin within 4 hours of septic shock onset to norepinephrine versus initial norepinephrine monotherapy in medically, critically ill patients with septic shock admitted from May 2014 to October 2015. Time to goal MAP was compared using Student t test and examined with Kaplan-Meier curves. Changes in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores were evaluated with Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: Each group contained 48 patients. Mean arterial pressure (61.5 vs 58.6 mm Hg) and intravenous fluid volume received at vasopressor initiation (14.3 vs 25.2 hours, P = .014) were similar. Patients started on early vasopressin achieved and maintained goal MAP sooner (6.2 vs 9.9 hours, P = .023), experienced greater reductions in SOFA scores at 72 hours (−4 vs −1, P = .012), and had shorter hospital durations (343 vs 604 hours, P = .014). Not initiating early vasopressin trended toward an association with increased time to goal MAP ( P = .067). Conclusion: Early initiation of vasopressin in patients with septic shock may achieve and maintain goal MAP sooner and resolve organ dysfunction at 72 hours more effectively than later or no initiation.
Efficacy and Safety of High Loading Dose of Colistin in Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Katip Wasan , Meechoui Methisa , Thawornwittayakom Phatchawan , Chinwong Dujrudee , Oberdorfer Peninnah 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a high loading dose of colistin and no loading dose of colistin to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients with MDR A baumannii infections at a university-affiliated hospital from December 2014 to January 2016. In the high loading dose group, the patients received a high loading dose of 300 mg colistin base activity (CBA) followed by a maintenance dose of 150 mg CBA twice daily, and patients in the no loading dose group received only the maintenance dose. The primary outcome was clinical response. The secondary outcomes were 28-day mortality and microbiological response. Results: A total of 255 cases were identified. The high loading dose of colistin strategy provided no significant difference in good clinical response when compared to the no loading dose group (65.5% vs 70.4%; P = .442), without a significant difference in the development of renal dysfunction (52.3% vs 49.4%; P = .664). However, microbiological eradication was significantly higher among patients who received the high loading dose of colistin when compared to those who received the no loading dose (87.9% vs 70.4%; P = .0006). Conclusions: The high loading dose of colistin strategy was effective and safe for treating patients with MDR A baumannii.
Preliminary study on the changes of ovarian reserve, menstruation, and lymphocyte subpopulation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients of childbearing age
Authors: Gao H , Ma J , Wang X , Lv T , Liu J , Ren Y , Li Y , Zhang Y 
Published: August 2017

Objective The main aim of this study was to investigate the ovarian reserve, menstruation, and lymphocyte subpopulation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients of childbearing age. Methods We enrolled 40 SLE patients of childbearing age and 40 age-matched healthy controls. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) was tested by electrochemiluminescence, and lymphocyte subsets were tested by flow cytometry. Menstruation situation was obtained by interview. Results The AMH level of the SLE group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( p < 0.001), which was negatively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR ( r = −0.316, p = 0.047)) and disease activity (SLEDAI ( r = −0.338, p = 0.033)). The AMH concentration of SLE patients with normal menstruation was higher than those with abnormal menstruation ( p < 0.001). The percentages of CD4+ T lymphocytes and NK (natural killer) cells in the SLE group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( p < 0.001). However, the percentages of B cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the SLE group were higher than those in the control group ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Decreased AMH and high incidence of abnormal menstruation indicated that autoimmunity activities of SLE can impair the ovarian reserve of female patients. Lymphocytes in SLE patients were in a state of disorder.
A survey of Haitian attitudes towards informed consent
Authors: Sutton Caitlin D , Lynde Grant C 
Published: August 2017

Background Universal standards for bioethics, including the tenet of informed consent, should be upheld in the setting of humanitarian medical missions. The obstacles to obtaining informed consent in the global health setting have been thoroughly discussed in the literature, but no studies have investigated these issues from the patient’s perspective. We sought to understand the patient’s experience of the consent process during a four-week surgical mission to Haiti. Methods All patients selected for surgery during a mission to Hinche, Haiti, were invited to participate in a survey assessing communication between them and their physicians, their understanding of the surgical procedure, and their desire for information during the consent process. Complete data were collected from 55 patients. Results Understanding a basic explanation of surgery and the associated risks was important to 98% of Haitian surgical patients, and 96% reported the desire for extensive risk communication. All patients felt that they should demonstrate their understanding of the surgery by signing a consent form before undergoing surgery. No demographic factors correlated with patient desire for additional information regarding surgical risk. Conclusions Our results highlight several areas needing improvement in the consent process during surgical missions, including deliberate and consistent use of a consent process as well as more extensive risk communication. Our survey demonstrates that the process of obtaining informed consent for surgery is important to Haitian patients in the setting of short-term surgical missions and suggests that continued efforts to improve our methods are necessary.
Screening of extravascular findings in pulmonary embolism computer tomography: 397 patients with 1950 non-pulmonary artery findings
Authors: Sohns Jan M , Menke Jan , Bergau Leonard , Weiss Bernhard G , Kröhn Hannah , Weiberg Desiree , Derlin Thorsten , Schmuck Sebastian 
Published: August 2017

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the possible benefits from computed tomography scans of patients with a suspected pulmonary artery embolism with a focus on relevant extravascular findings. Methods A total of 400 consecutive computed tomography pulmonary angiographies were evaluated. Computed tomography scans were analyzed in detail for the presence of pulmonary artery embolisms, as well as any other findings. Extra-artery discoveries were classified into none-relevant (Group A), intermediate (Group B), or relevant (Group C) findings. Results Aggregated computed tomography pulmonary angiographies detected other diagnosis than pulmonary artery embolism in 236 patients (59%). There were 1950 non-pulmonary artery embolism findings (4.9 per patient; n = 397). In the pulmonary artery embolism group, there were 447 extra-pulmonary artery embolism findings (5.2 per patient; n = 86) and in the non-pulmonary artery embolism group, 1503 findings (4.8 per patient; n = 311). Patients with pulmonary artery embolism had a significantly higher rate of pro-coagulate risk factors ( p < 0.001). Conclusions Computed tomography pulmonary angiographies may help to identify further diagnoses. This study represents a retrospective review of a single center experience for incidental computed tomography findings during pulmonary artery embolism work-up and emphasizes the importance of analyzing the whole field-of-view.
A phantom study for the comparison of different brands of computed tomography scanners and software packages for endovascular aneurysm repair sizing and planning
Authors: Velu Juliëtte F , Groot Jebbink Erik , de Vries Jean-Paul PM , van der Palen Job AM , Slump Cornelis H , Geelkerken Robert H 
Published: August 2017

Objectives Correct sizing of endoprostheses used for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms is important to prevent endoleaks and migration. Sizing requires several steps and each step introduces a possible sizing error. The goal of this study was to investigate the magnitude of these errors compared to the golden standard: a vessel phantom. This study focuses on the errors in sizing with three different brands of computed tomography angiography scanners in combination with three reconstruction software packages. Methods Three phantoms with a different diameter, altitude and azimuth were scanned with three computed tomography scanners: Toshiba Aquilion 64-slice, Philips Brilliance iCT 256-slice and Siemens Somatom Sensation 64-slice. The phantom diameters were determined in the stretched view after central lumen line reconstruction by three observers using Simbionix PROcedure Rehearsal Studio, 3mensio and TeraRecon planning software. The observers, all novices in sizing endoprostheses using planning software, measured 108 slices each. Two senior vascular surgeons set the tolerated error margin of sizing on ±1.0 mm. Results In total, 11.3% of the measurements (73/648) were outside the set margins of ±1.0 mm from the phantom diameter, with significant differences between the scanner types (14.8%, 12.1%, 6.9% for the Siemens scanner, Philips scanner and Toshiba scanner, respectively, p-value = 0.032), but not between the software packages (8.3%, 11.1%, 14.4%, p-value = 0.141) or the observers (10.6%, 9.7%, 13.4%, p-value = 0.448). Conclusions It can be concluded that the errors in sizing were independent of the used software packages, but the phantoms scanned with Siemens scanner were significantly more measured incorrectly than the phantoms scanned with the Toshiba scanner. Consequently, awareness on the type of computed tomography scanner and computed tomography scanner setting is necessary, especially in complex abdominal aortic aneurysms sizing for fenestrated or branched endovascular aneurysm repair if appropriate the sizing is of upmost importance.
Early palliative home care: Evaluation of an interprofessional educational intervention for district nurses and general practitioners about nutritional care
Authors: Berggren Erika , Ödlund Olin Ann , Orrevall Ylva , Strang Peter , Johansson Sven-Erik , Törnkvist Lena 
Published: August 2017

Background: Teamwork is important in early palliative home care, and interprofessional education is required to achieve teamwork. It is thus crucial to ensure that interprofessional education works well for the members of all participating professions because levels of knowledge and educational needs may vary. Aim: To evaluate, by profession, the effectiveness of an interprofessional educational intervention for district nurses and general practitioners on three areas of nutritional care for patients in a palliative phase. Design: A quasi-experimental study that used a computer-based, study-specific questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. The continuing education in primary health care (ConPrim®) model was used to create the intervention. ConPrim includes a web-based program, a practical exercise and a case seminar, all with interprofessional training. Setting: Primary health care centers in Stockholm County, Sweden. Intervention group (n = 87; 48 district nurses, 39 general practitioners); control group (n = 53; 36 district nurses, 17 general practitioners). Results: The total intervention effect was significant in all three areas, p = 0.000–0.004. The intervention effects were similar and significant for both professions in areas 1 and 2. In area 3, the intervention effects were significant for general practitioners but not for district nurses. Conclusions: The intervention seems promising, as it may create better prerequisites for teamwork and caring for patients living at home. However, it needs to be optimized to better increase district nurses’ level of knowledge (area 3).