bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic influences on trapper participation and per capita harvest of muskrat
Authors: Ahlers Adam A. , Heske Edward J. , Miller Craig A. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTMuskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) populations in North America appear in decline in parts of their geographic range, prompting in‐depth investigations into population trends. However, long‐term data on muskrat population abundance are rare and managers often rely on harvest data to track relative changes in population sizes. These data are likely biased by factors that influence trapper participation and effort and, if left unidentified and uncontrolled for, may provide misleading indices of muskrat abundance. Using 36 years (1976–2011) of detailed muskrat‐harvest information from Illinois, USA, we estimated the relative importance of economic factors to trapper participation and annual per capita muskrat harvest. As expected, annual muskrat harvest was positively correlated with the number of individuals participating in muskrat trapping. Participation in muskrat trapping was associated positively with pelt and gas prices and negatively with the unemployment rate during the trapping season (R2 = 0.76). Variance partitioning within our most‐supported model revealed that pelt prices, independent of gasoline prices and unemployment rates, was the most important predictor of muskrat trapper participation. Our only supported model of per capita muskrat harvest indicated that gasoline prices negatively influenced the number of muskrats harvested per trapper each year (r2 = 0.17). Remaining unexplained variation in this model may be due to factors affecting muskrat availability (e.g., muskrat abundance, access to good‐quality trapping areas) to trappers and may be useful for managers investigating population trends. We recommend that future investigations using muskrat harvest data, at minimum, statistically adjust for the strong positive effect of pelt prices. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Chronic Inguinal Pain After Kidney Transplantation, a Common and Underexposed Problem
Authors: Zorgdrager Marcel , Lange Johan. F. M. , Krikke Christina. , Nieuwenhuijs Gertrude. J. , Hofker Sybrand. H. , Leuvenink Henri. G. D. , Pol Robert A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence and impact of chronic inguinal pain after kidney transplantation is not clearly established. A high incidence of pain after inguinal hernia repair, a comparable surgical procedure, suggests an underexposed problem.MethodsBetween 2011 and 2013, 403 consecutive patients who underwent kidney transplantation were invited to complete the Caroline Comfort Scale (CCS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in order to assess the incidence of chronic inguinal pain and movement disabilities, complemented by questions regarding comorbidity during follow‐up.ResultsThe response rate was 58 % (n = 199) with a median follow‐up of 22 months (IQR 12–30). In total, 90 patients (45 %) reported a CCS > 0 and 64 patients (32 %) experienced at least mild but bothersome complaints. Most inguinal complaints were reported during bending over and walking with a mean CCS score of 1.1 (SD ± 2.2) and 1.2 (SD ± 2.4), respectively. A high body mass index (BMI), delayed graft function, and the need for a second operation were associated with a higher CCS score on univariate analysis. Using multivariate analysis, only BMI (p = 0.02) was considered an independent risk factor for chronic inguinal pain.ConclusionsThe incidence of chronic inguinal pain is a common though underexposed complication after kidney transplantation. More awareness to prevent neuropathic pain seems indicated.
QTLs for oil yield components in an elite oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) cross
Authors: Seng Tzer-Ying , Ritter Enrique , Mohamed Saad Siti Hawa , Leao Ling-Jiun , Harminder Singh Rajinder Singh , Qamaruz Zaman Faridah , Tan Soon-Guan , Syed Alwee Sharifah Shahrul Rabiah , Rao Vengeta 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIncreased modern farming of superior types of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., which has naturally efficient oil biosynthesis, has made it the world’s foremost edible oil crop. Breeding improvement is, however, circumscribed by time and costs associated with the tree’s long reproductive cycle, large size and 10–15 years of field testing. Marker-assisted breeding has considerable potential for improving this crop. Towards this, quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to oil yield component traits were mapped in a high-yield population. In total, 164 QTLs associated with 21 oil yield component traits were discovered, with cumulative QTL effects increasing in tandem with the number of QTL markers and matching the QT+ alleles for each trait. The QTLs confirmed all traits to be polygenic, with many genes of individual small effects on independent loci, but epistatic interactions are not ruled out. Furthermore, several QTLs maybe pleiotropic as suggested by QTL clustering of inter-related traits on almost all linkage groups. Certain regions of the chromosomes seem richer in the genes affecting a particular yield component trait and likely encompass pleiotropic, epistatic and heterotic effects. A large proportion of the identified additive effects from QTLs may actually arise from genic interactions between loci. Comparisons with previous mapping studies show that most of the QTLs were for similar traits and shared similar marker intervals on the same linkage groups. Practical applications for such QTLs in marker-assisted breeding will require seeking them out in different genetic backgrounds and environments.
Multiple independent sampling within medical school admission interviewing: an “intermediate approach”
Authors: Hanson Mark D. , Woods Nicole N. , Martimianakis Maria Athina , Rasasingham Raj , Kulasegaram Kulamakan 
Published: September 2016

Introduction Balancing reliability and resource limitations as well as recruitment activities during admission interviews is a challenge for many medical schools. The Modified Personal Interview (MPI) has been shown to have good psychometric properties while being resource efficient for specialized admission interviews. We describe implementation of an MPI adaptation integrating psychometric rigour alongside resourcing and recruitment goals for larger-scale medical school admission interviewing at the University of Toronto.
Methods The MPI was implemented during the 2013–2014 admission cycle. The MPI uses multiple independent sampling by having applicants interviewed in a circuit of four brief semi-structured interviews. Recruitment is reflected in a longer MPI interviewing time to foster a ‘human touch’. Psychometric evaluation includes generalizability studies to examine inter-interview reliability and other major sources of error variance. We evaluated MPI impact upon applicant recruitment yield and resourcing.
Results MPI reliability is 0.56. MPI implementation maintained recruitment compared with previous year. MPI implementation required 160 interviewers for 600 applicants whereas for pre-MPI implementation 290 interviewers were required to interview 587 applicants. MPI score correlated with first year OSCE performance at 0.30 (p < 0.05).
Discussion MPI reliability is measured at 0.56 alongside enhanced resource utilization and maintenance of recruitment yield. This ‘intermediate approach’ may enable broader institutional uptake of integrated multiple independent sampling-based admission interviewing within institution-specific resourcing and recruitment goals.
Adolescent stalking and risk of violence
Authors: Smith‐Darden Joanne P. , Reidy Dennis E. , Kernsmith Poco D. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTStalking perpetration and the associated risk for violence among adolescents has generally been neglected. In the present study, 1236 youth completed surveys assessing empirically established stalking indicators, threats and aggression toward stalking victims, dating violence, and violent delinquency. Latent Profile Analysis identified 3 latent classes of boys: non‐perpetrators (NP), hyper‐intimate pursuit (HIP), and comprehensive stalking perpetrators (CSP) and, and 2 classes for girls: NP and HIP. Boys in the CSP class were the most violent youth on nearly all indices with boys in the HIP class demonstrating an intermediate level of violence compared to NP boys. Girls in the HIP class were more violent than NP girls on all indices. These findings suggest stalking in adolescence merits attention by violence prevention experts. In particular, juvenile stalking may signify youth at risk for multiple forms of violence perpetrated against multiple types of victims, not just the object of their infatuation.
Middle age self‐report risk score predicts cognitive functioning and dementia in 20–40 years
Authors: Vuoksimaa Eero , Rinne Juha O. , Lindgren Noora , Heikkilä Kauko , Koskenvuo Markku , Kaprio Jaakko 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroductionOn the basis of the proxy measures of cognitive reserve, we created a middle age self‐report risk score for early prediction of dementia.MethodsWe used a longitudinal population‐based study of 2602 individuals with a replication sample (N = 1011). Risk score at a mean age of 47 years was based on questions on educational and occupational attainments. Cognitive status at a mean age of 74 was determined via two validated telephone instruments.ResultsThe prevalence of dementia was 10% after a mean follow‐up of 28 years. Risk score was a good predictor of dementia: area under the curve = 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.80). The risk of dementia decreased as a function of risk score from 36% to 0%. The risk score was significantly associated with cognition after a mean follow‐up of 39 years in the replication sample.DiscussionSelf‐report risk score predicted cognitive functioning and dementia risk 20–40 years later.
Clinical presentation of inflammatory bowel disease in Saudi children (Single centre experience)
Authors: Alreheili K. , Almehaidib A. , Banemi M. , Aldekhail W. , Alsaleem K. 
Published: September 2016

Background and Objectives:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and indeterminate colitis (IC). IBD is a disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with frequent relapse and remission courses. There is limited information regarding this disease in Saudi children, despite a rising worldwide incidence of IBD. We aim to study the clinical and demographic characteristics of Saudi children diagnosed with IBD at time of presentation. diagnosis, disease localization, and growth of pediatric IBD patients were compared with international data.

Patients and methods:
In this retrospective study, charts of all children under the age of 14 years who were diagnosed with IBD and received follow-up at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) from January 2001 to December 2011 were reviewed.

Results:
Sixty-six children were diagnosed with IBD; 36 (54.5%) had Crohn's disease (CD), 27 (41%) had ulcerative colitis (UC), and 3 (4.5%) had indeterminate colitis (IC). A male predominance was demonstrated in both CD (61%) and UC (56.6%). The mean age at diagnosis was 9.3, 7.3, and 7.5 years in CD, UCand IC, respectively. A positive family history was found in 19.7% of all patients. The most common presenting symptoms were diarrhea (89.4%), rectal bleeding (75.8%), and abdominal pain (62%). The most common site affected in CD was the ileocolonic region (41.6%) while pancolitis was predominant in UC (74.1%).

Conclusions:
CD is the most prevalent form of IBD in Saudi children. Male predominance and a high rate of growth failure were documented in children with CD. Clinical presentation, family history, and disease localization are comparable to international data.
Performance of isolated and folded footings
Authors: El-kady Mahmoud Samir , Badrawi Essam Farouk 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Folded foundations have been used as an alternative to the conventional flat shallow foundations, in situations involving heavy loads or weak soils. They can be geometrically shaped in many forms especially for isolated footings. The purpose of this paper is introducing an alternative foundation shape that reduces the cost of foundations by reducing the amount of reinforcing steel by minimizing or even eliminating the tension zones in the folded isolated footings. Also, achieving lower soil stresses through changing the isolated footing shape will consequently reduce the expected settlements and the footing stresses. Experimental and numerical studies are performed on five (5) quarter scale footings of which one (1) footing of flat shape is tested as a reference sample and four (4) footings are of folded shape by folding angles of 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40° with the horizontal. Results showed that the folded isolated footings achieve economic design by decreasing the quantities of reinforcement. It also induced less soil settlements, and stresses. In addition, the tensile stresses in the reinforced concrete footing body are also less in folded isolated footings than the flat one. Results show that the folded isolated footing have a better load carrying capacity when compared with the conventional slab/flat footing of similar cross sectional area for both cases of experimental and numerical analysis.
Highlights The purpose of this paper is achieving lower soil stresses through changing the isolated footing shape will consequently reduce the expected settlements and the footing stresses resulting from differential settlements. Experimental and numerical studies are perform using five (5) quarter scale footings of which one (1) footing of flat shape as a reference sample and four (4) footings are of folded shape by a folding angles of 10, 20, 30, and 40 degrees with the horizontal. The most effective and preferable value of the folding angle (?), is equal to 30 degrees. Good agreement is reached between the experimental and numerical results. Results showed that the maximum tensile stresses in steel bars decreased by about 48% for folded isolated footing case when compared with conventional flat ones
Frecuencia de rasgos de depresión en médicos internos de pregrado del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en Mexicali, Baja California
Authors: Palmer-Morales Yusvisaret , Prince-Vélez Roberto , Medina-Ramírez Ma Concepción Rosa , López-Palmer Daniel Alexis 
Published: September 2016

Introducción: Los médicos internos de pregrado (MIPS), son propensos a sufrir trastornos de depresión. Traduciéndose en apatía, distraimiento, aislamiento, agresividad o cinismo y a una deficiente atención de los pacientes.
Objetivo: Conocer la frecuencia de rasgos de depresión en médicos internos de pregrado del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) en Mexicali, Baja California.
Método: Estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado en el Hospital General de Zona n.◦ 30 del IMSS, Mexicali, Baja California, universo de trabajo MIPS de la institución. Criterios de inclusión: MIPS adscritos al Hospital General de Zona n.◦ 30, que aceptaran participar en el estudio. Criterios de exclusión: que estuvieran en tratamiento psiquiátrico, de vacaciones, incapacitados o ausentes el día que se les aplicó la escala de evaluación. Se consideraron los aspectos éticos, por medio de una carta de consentimiento informado. Instrumento de medición: escala de autoevaluación para la depresión de Zung. Análisis estadístico: medidas descriptivas de tendencia central, dispersión. Programa estadístico SPSS 20.
Resultados: Se estudiaron a 70 MIPS, correspondiendo 38 (54.3%) al sexo femenino, el promedio de edad fue de 24.3±1.9, con una mínima 22, máxima 36 a˜nos (IC 95% 23.83 a 24.77). El sexo femenino fue el más frecuente con rasgos de depresión 14(20%) y durante la rotación por gineco-obstetricia 7(10%). Los MIPS de las universidades participantes fueron: Autónoma de Baja California 58(82.9%), Xochicalco (CEUX) 11(15.71%) y Sinaloa (UAS) 1(1.42%). La depresión mínima se presentó en 13(18.6%), depresión moderada en 7(10%) y 0% en depresión severa. La frecuencia de rasgos de depresión fue de 20 (28.6%).
Conclusiones: La frecuencia de rasgos de depresión en los MIPS fue de 20 (28.6%), predominando la depresión mínima.
Non-Darcy effects in fracture flows of a yield stress fluid
Authors: Roustaei A. , Chevalier T. , Talon L. , Frigaard I. A. 
Published: September 2016

We study non-inertial flows of single-phase yield stress fluids along uneven/rough-walled channels, e.g. approximating a fracture, with two main objectives. First, we re-examine the usual approaches to providing a (nonlinear) Darcy-type flow law and show that significant errors arise due to self-selection of the flowing region/fouling of the walls. This is a new type of non-Darcy effect not previously explored in depth. Second, we study the details of flow as the limiting pressure gradient is approached, deriving approximate expressions for the limiting pressure gradient valid over a range of different geometries. Our approach is computational, solving the two-dimensional Stokes problem along the fracture, then upscaling. The computations also reveal interesting features of the flow for more complex fracture geometries, providing hints about how to extend Darcy-type approaches effectively.
The Value and Disvalue of Consciousness
Authors: GLANNON WALTER 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:Consciousness defines us as persons. It allows us to have both pleasurable and painful experiences. I present four neurological conditions in the clinical setting to explore how consciousness can be beneficial or harmful to patients: intraoperative awareness, prolonged disorders of consciousness, locked-in syndrome, and the effects of narcotics and sedation on terminally ill patients. The ethical significance of consciousness for patients in these conditions depends on two factors: the content of one’s experience and whether one can report this content to others. I argue that the value or disvalue of phenomenal consciousness, what it is like to be aware, may depend on its relation to access consciousness, the ability to report or communicate the content of awareness. Phenomenal consciousness can have disvalue when one wants or expects to be unconscious. It can also have disvalue in the absence of access consciousness because it can allow the patient to experience pain and suffer. Technology that enabled neurologically compromised patients to reliably communicate their experience and wishes could benefit and prevent harm to them. More generally, the neurological conditions I discuss raise the question of when and in what respects consciousness is preferable to unconsciousness.
Dementia, Advance Directives, and Discontinuity of Personality
Authors: DEMARCO JOSEPH P. , LIPUMA SAMUEL H. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:We argue that an advance directive (AD) is not invalidated by personality changes in dementia, as is claimed by Rebecca Dresser. The claim is that a new person results under such personality changes, and that the former person cannot write an AD for the new person. After stating the argument against ADs in cases of dementia, we provide a detailed examination of empirical studies of personality changes in dementia. This evidence, though not strong due mainly to low sample sizes and different notions of personal identity, does not support Dresser’s position. Given the weakness in the empirical evidence, we turn to a philosophical defense of ADs based on a social contract view supporting the current interests of those writing ADs. Additionally, we argue that personality change is not equivalent to change in personal identity, as would be required by the argument against ADs in cases of dementia.
Common origins and the ethics of planetary seeding
Authors: Milligan Tony 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFaced with a choice between attempting to seed another world with terrestrially-sourced microbes (with which we would have a shared origin) and microbes sourced from elsewhere within the solar system (whose origins might therefore differ), would we have any non-instrumental ethical reason to favour the terrestrial microbes? What follows will argue that in relation to the goals of promoting life similar to our own, or even simply microbial life, we might conceivably make such an appeal and do so in a defensible manner. However, in no case would such a consideration operate as a silencer for rival considerations (such as likelihood of success, enhancing diversity or historical justice). The thought experiment serves to highlight the diversity of considerations which are in play in ethical deliberation about matters of astrobiology and the role of practical wisdom rather than trumping considerations.
MATE1 regulates cellular uptake and sensitivity to imatinib in CML patients
Authors: Harrach S , Schmidt-Lauber C , Pap T , Pavenstädt H , Schlatter E , Schmidt E , Berdel W E , Schulze U , Edemir B , Jeromin S , Haferlach T , Ciarimboli G , Bertrand J 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough imatinib is highly effective in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 25–30% patients do not respond or relapse after initial response. Imatinib uptake into targeted cells is crucial for its molecular response and clinical effectiveness. The organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) has been proposed to be responsible for this process, but its relevance has been discussed controversially in recent times. Here we found that the multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1) transports imatinib with a manifold higher affinity. MATE1 mainly mediates the cellular uptake of imatinib into targeted cells and thereby controls the intracellular effectiveness of imatinib. Importantly, MATE1 but not OCT1 expression is reduced in total bone marrow cells of imatinib-non-responding CML patients compared with imatinib-responding patients, indicating that MATE1 but not OCT1 determines the therapeutic success of imatinib. We thus propose that imatinib non-responders could be identified early before starting therapy by measuring MATE1 expression levels.
Valence-state reflectometry of complex oxide heterointerfaces
Authors: Hamann-Borrero Jorge E , Macke Sebastian , Choi Woo Seok , Sutarto Ronny , He Feizhou , Radi Abdullah , Elfimov Ilya , Green Robert J , Haverkort Maurits W , Zabolotnyy Volodymyr B , Lee Ho Nyung , Sawatzky George A , Hinkov Vladimir 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEmergent phenomena in transition-metal-oxide heterostructures such as interface superconductivity and magnetism have been attributed to electronic reconstruction, which, however, is difficult to detect and characterise. Here we overcome the associated difficulties to simultaneously address the electronic degrees of freedom and distinguish interface from bulk effects by implementing a novel approach to resonant X-ray reflectivity (RXR). Our RXR study of the chemical and valance profiles along the polar (001) direction of a LaCoO3 film on NdGaO3 reveals a pronounced valence-state reconstruction from Co3+ in the bulk to Co2+ at the surface, with an areal density close to 0.5 Co2+ ions per unit cell. An identical film capped with polar (001) LaAlO3 maintains the Co3+ valence over its entire thickness. We interpret this as evidence for electronic reconstruction in the uncapped film, involving the transfer of 0.5e− per unit cell to the subsurface CoO2 layer at its LaO-terminated polar surface.