bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ozone and carbon monoxide over India during the summer monsoon: regional emissions and transport
Authors: Ojha Narendra , Pozzer Andrea , Rauthe-Schöch Armin , Baker Angela K. , Yoon Jongmin , Brenninkmeijer Carl A. M. , Lelieveld Jos 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. We compare in situ measurements of ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) profiles from the CARIBIC program with the results from the regional chemistry transport model (WRF-Chem) to investigate the role of local and regional emissions and long-range transport over southern India during the summer monsoon of 2008. WRF-Chem successfully reproduces the general features of O3 and CO distributions over the South Asian region. However, absolute CO concentrations in the lower troposphere are typically underestimated. Here we investigate the influence of local relative to remote emissions through sensitivity simulations. The influence of 50 % increased CO emissions over South Asia leads to a significant enhancement (upto 20 % in July) in upper tropospheric CO in the northern and central Indian regions. Over Chennai in southern India, this causes a 33 % increase in surface CO during June. However, the influence of enhanced local and regional emissions is found to be smaller (5 %) in the free troposphere over Chennai, except during September. Local to regional emissions are therefore suggested to play a minor role in the underestimation of CO by WRF-Chem during June–August. In the lower troposphere, a high pollution (O3: 146.4 ± 12.8, CO: 136.4 ± 12.2 nmol mol−1) event (15 July 2008), not reproduced by the model, is shown to be due to transport of photochemically processed air masses from the boundary layer in southern India. A sensitivity simulation combined with backward trajectories indicates that long-range transport of CO to southern India is significantly underestimated, particularly in air masses from the west, i.e., from Central Africa. This study highlights the need for more aircraft-based measurements over India and adjacent regions and the improvement of global emission inventories.
Inversion kinematics at deep-seated gravity slope deformations revealed by trenching techniques
Authors: Pasquaré Mariotto Federico , Tibaldi Alessandro 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. We compare data from three deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSDs) where palaeoseismological techniques were applied in artificial trenches. At all trenches, located in metamorphic rocks of the Italian Alps, there is evidence of extensional deformation given by normal movements along slip planes dipping downhill or uphill, and/or fissures, as expected in gravitational failure. However, we document and illustrate – with the aid of trenching – evidence of reverse movements. The reverse slips occurred mostly along the same planes along which normal slip occurred, and they produced drag folds in unconsolidated Holocene sediments as well as the superimposition of substrate rocks on Holocene sediments. The studied trenches indicate that reverse slip might occur not only at the toe portions of DSGSDs but also in their central-upper portions. When the age relationships between the two deformation kinematics can be determined, they clearly indicate that reverse slips postdate normal ones. Our data suggest that, during the development of long-lived DSGSDs, inversion kinematics may occur in different sectors of the unstable rock mass. The inversion is interpreted as due either to locking of the frontal blocks of a DSGSD or to the relative decrease in the rate of downward movement in the frontal blocks with respect to the rear blocks.
Big data en privacy
Authors: de Bruijn Hans 
Published: March 2016

Big data and privacy
The Internet of Things might have a high impact on privacy. However, privacy is a rather ambiguous concept in the world of big data. There is no unambiguous villain, no unambiguous victim, privacy is just one value in a set of other values and the ‘right’ tradeoff cannot be determined ex ante. Instruments to protect privacy prove to have ambiguous effects. They have there pros and cons and we often do not know what these pros and cons will be. The governance challenge will therefor be to develop a variety of new governance arrangements that will have to go through a process of trial and error. The question how to design such a process might be as important as the question what governance arrangements will work.
Wilde data: over de sociale gevolgen van Big, Open, en Linked Data systemen
Authors: Snijders Dhoya 
Published: March 2016

Wild data: about the social consequences of Big, Open, and Linked Data Systems
This article focuses on the question how Big, Open and Linked Data systems (BOLD) are shifting human-data relations. BOLD is creating a new type of society which is both data-focused and data-driven. Both governments and citizens are measuring, analyzing and verifying data and acting upon these types of analyses. As BOLD is itself becoming intelligent, the process of collecting, linking, and analyzing data is no longer merely the domain of humans. Machine-learning is picking up speed and algorithmic accuracy is being maximized as data are becoming more complex and unpredictable its output. Both citizens and governments will increasingly have to deal with non-human actors in the form of intelligent data-driven systems. By referring to literature on human-animal relations this article makes the argument that data systems are gaining autonomy and a certain level of wildness. As such systems are mediating human relations, the article argues that social relations are shifting to becoming triad relationships in which intelligent information systems are a significant actor.
Big data, grote vragen; een institutionele onderzoeksagenda
Authors: de Bruijn Hans , van der Voort Haiko 
Published: March 2016

Big data, big questions; an institutional research agenda
In this final contribution we will summarize the main findings of this special issue. Moreover, we will think through the main consequences. The contributions all suggest major societal shifts. Organization of government is changing as a consequence of big data. They either reorganize or initiate new collaborations with businesses and knowledge institutions. What’s more, the processes of data generation, data processing and use are far from neutral. It requires more - at least other - technological knowledge and skills, which some possess and others not. New checks and balances are necessary, notably between data scientists and decision makers, between organizations that make big data their business and civilians, and maybe even between man and computer. Their relations might get reconfigured and those not familiar with the new big data methods will prove vulnerable. This final contribution contains an institutional research agenda that will meet these concerns.
Family Law and Economics Introduction to a RETHINKIN. seminar
Authors: Swennen Frederik 
Published: March 2016

Family Law and Economics Introduction to a RETHINKIN. seminar
This contribution provides an introduction to the main theme’s that are discussed in micro-, meso- and macroeconomics relating to family law. The occasion was a closed international expert seminar organized by RETHINKIN. (www.rethinkin.eu), a Scientific Research Network financed by the Research Foundation Flanders. The seminar concerned the compensation of household production between partners on the one hand, and intergenerational care for the elderly on the other. A report on the legal aspects is also available on this forum. This contribution first situates the economics of family in general, before discussing the main functions of practicing the economics of family law: (a) avoiding legislative mistakes, (b) using incentives to encourage altruistic behaviour, (c) using disincentives to discourage opportunistic behaviour and finally, (d) applying family economics as a benchmark for protective measures. It is concluded that employing the economics of family law encounters some difficulties, but that the possibilities it offers for legal development outweigh the difficulties.Deze bijdrage biedt een inleiding op de voornaamste thema’s die aan bod komen in de micro-, meso- en macro-familierechtseconomie. Aanleiding was een besloten internationaal expertenseminar dat werd georganiseerd door RETHINKIN. (www.rethinkin.eu), een wetenschappelijke onderzoeksgemeenschap gefinancierd door het Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen. Dat seminar betrof de compensatie van huishoudelijke productie tussen partners enerzijds en intergenerationele zorg voor ouderen anderzijds. Een verslag van het juridische gedeelte is ook op dit forum beschikbaar. Deze bijdrage situeert eerst de familie-economie in het algemeen, vooraleer in te gaan op de belangrijkste functies van de beoefening van defamilierechtseconomie: (a) het voorkomen van verkeerde wetgevende keuzen, (b) het aanmoedigen in de wetgeving van altruïstisch gedrag, (c) het ontmoedigen in de wetgeving van opportunistisch gedrag en ten slotte (d) de onzichtbare hand als opmaat voor een minimale wetgevende bescherming. De conclusie luidt dat de beoefening van de familierechtseconomie op sommige moeilijkheden stuit, maar dat de mogelijkheden ervan voor een goede rechtsontwikkeling meer gewicht in de schaal leggen.
Big Data in wetenschappelijk onderzoek
Authors: Custers B.H.M. 
Published: March 2016

Big Data in scientific research
Big Data offers a plethora of promising opportunities in different areas of society. This introductory article focuses on the opportunities of Big Data in scientific research. The central question addressed in this article is: ‘What can Big Data offer in the context of scientific research?’ In order to answer this question, the following topics are discussed: what is Big Data, what is new about Big Data, which applications are there for Big Data in scientific research, and what are the pros and cons of the use of Big Data in scientific research? The conclusion is that Big Data offers some opportunities for scientific research that were previously impossible and, therefore, can be useful for researchers. However, the use of Big Data also has its limitations and the added value may depend on the research questions that are addressed.
De evaluatie van digitaal beleid: een Big Data case study
Authors: Leeuw H.B.M. 
Published: March 2016

The evaluation of digital policy: A Big Data case study
Online search behavior, stored by search engines such as Google, is a type of Big Data that allows researchers and policymakers to screen and scan the effects of implemented (e)interventions. This contribution uses the implementation of a specific anti-piracy intervention as a case study in order to test the usability of online search behavior as an indicator of the effects of an intervention. The data demonstrates that changes in online search behavior have occurred following implementation. The main issue that emerges is the attribution of the findings presented. One way to approach this attribution issue is by performing a counterfactual. Though this alleviates the attribution issue somewhat, it does not solve it in its entirety. Overall, it is suggested that the described usage of Big Data serves as a novel tool to quickly and easily screen the potential effects following the implementation of policy before selecting more resource-consuming methods.
In de h200d: een eigentijdse etnografie
Authors: Roks R.A. 
Published: March 2016

In the h200d: A contemporary ethnography of a Dutch youth gang
This article draws on three years of ethnographic research into the embeddedness of crime and identity of the Rollin 200 Crips, a Dutch ‘gang’ from the city of The Hague. During the course of this fieldwork the possibilities of social media were explored. Posts and pictures on social media can be used by criminologists as a relative easy way to collect data, but social media can also be used as a platform to communicate and contact informants. The central argument in this article is that ethnographers should somehow try to incorporate these offline practices in their fieldwork to better deal with the fact that boundaries between being online and offline are becoming increasingly interwoven and blurred. But like forms of offline ethnography, there is also a need to reflect on the usage of this data, particularly in terms of selectivity and ethics.
CRIME Lab: pleidooi voor een nieuwe en vernieuwende criminologie
Authors: van Gelder J.L. 
Published: March 2016

CRIME Lab: A pledge for a new and renewing criminology
New technologies such as social media, smartphones, GPS, the internet, sensors, and virtual environments are quickly becoming an increasingly influential part of our daily lives. While very relevant, and often highly accessible and user-friendly, criminologists have been slow to capitalize on the research potential of these technologies. CRIME Lab is a research initiative that promotes the use of new technologies and innovative methods to do cutting-edge crime research. In this article, the author discusses three different CRIME Lab research projects that all make use of virtual reality (VR), which, it is argued, can become a highly useful research method for criminologists in the coming years. The author demonstrates how the use of VR in these projects allows for answering research questions that are hard to address using conventional methods.
Toepassingsmogelijkheden van Quantified Self-data
Authors: de Kogel C.H. , Cornet L.J.M. 
Published: March 2016

Possible applications of Quantified Self data. Some examples from forensic psychiatric practice
How many hours a night do I sleep? What is my average resting heart rate? How physical active am I during the day? Self-monitoring with help of technological devices, including smartphones, mobile applications and electronic sensors, allow individuals to quantify biometrics that they never knew existed. During the last decade, the ‘quantified-self’ movement has become popular among hobbyists, but also among professionals in the medical field. In this article the authors explore the potentials of quantified-self devices for the criminal justice setting. Could, for example, skin conductance measurements help to improve self-awareness among aggressive patients? And could biofeedback intervention with help of a mobile application serve as an alternative intervention program for those who are currently not responsive to traditional correctional therapy? On the other hand, what are the limitations and perhaps ethical concerns when implementing quantified-self devices in the criminal justice setting?
A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS ATIVOS ESPECÍFICOS NA DIFERENCIAÇÃO DE FIRMAS DO SETOR HOTELEIRO
Authors: Marquesan Fábio Freitas Schilling , Guzzo Renata Fernandes , Zawislak Paulo Antonio , Tello-Gamarra Jorge 
Published: March 2016

<p class="SemEspaamento1">O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em mensurar os ativos específicos de um grupo de hotéis localizados na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS (Brasil) e analisar o custo de governança dos mesmos em relação ao potencial de diferenciação das firmas que compõem esse setor econômico. O método empregado consistiu na análise detalhada dos <em>sites </em>da internet de 23 hotéis das categorias <em>Luxo</em> e <em>Superior</em> com a finalidade de listar os ativos que cada um deles oferece. Ao total foram analisados 69 ativos capazes de proporcionar diferenciação entre as firmas pesquisadas. Depois, essa lista foi avaliada por dois <em>experts</em> em hotelaria (que atribuíram pesos – <em>zero</em>, <em>1</em> e <em>2</em> – a cada ativo), de modo que a diferenciação entre as firmas, ponderada em função do peso dos seus ativos, fosse mensurada. A Economia dos Custos de Transação (ECT) responde pelo embasamento teórico deste trabalho, especialmente no que tange à relação <em>custos de governança Vs. especificidade dos ativos</em>. Dos resultados encontrados, destaca-se que as diferenças entre a especificidade dos ativos e os preços das diárias (tomados como indicador dos custos de governança) revelou uma estratificação em quatro grupos (I, II, III e IV), partindo daqueles hotéis que cobram preços mais acessíveis e oferecem poucos ativos específicos até aqueles que cobram mais caro por uma diária mas, em compensação, oferecem mais valor em termos de ativos específicos aos seus hóspedes. Isso confirma a validade, a acurácia e a relevância da ECT para a realização de estudos desta natureza. </p>
As campinas e campinaranas amazônicas / The amazonian campinas and campinaranas
Authors: Guimarães Felipe Silva , Bueno Guilherme Taitson 
Published: March 2016

<p>As campinas e campinaranas são ecossistemas amazônicos, associados a solos pobres e arenosos frequentemente sujeitos ao alagamento periódico consequente da flutuação do lençol freático. Apesar de estes ecossistemas ocuparem aproximadamente 7% da Amazônia legal, há poucos estudos sobre eles. Este estudo é uma revisão da literatura sobre campinas e campinaranas cujo objetivo é reunir o conhecimento sobre referido assunto e relacionar este conhecimento a estudos geológicos, morfogenéticos e pedogenéticos. Os principais assuntos abordados por esse estudo são: espécies típicas e indicadoras dessas fitofisionomias; adaptações e estratégias destas espécies; efeito das variações edáficas nas fitofisionomias quanto a estrutura e em termos de composição; origem da flora das campinas e campinaranas; fatores que explicam a baixa diversidade nestes ecossistemas; hipóteses que explicam a origem das campinas e campinaranas; como a dinâmica destes ecossistemas é afetada pelos processos pedológicos e morfogenéticos? Almeja-se que este estudo possa ser utilizado como ponto de partida principalmente para pesquisadores que estão iniciando suas pesquisas sobre campinas e campinaranas.</p><p><strong>Palavras–chave:</strong> Amazônia; Campina; Campinarana; Relação vegetação-ambiente físico; Origem e dinâmica das campinas e campinaranas.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The campinas and campinaranas are amazonian ecosystems associated to poor and sandy soils often subjected to periodic flooding resulting from the water table level variation. Despite these ecosystems occupy about 7% of the Amazon region, there are few studies about them. This study is a literature review about campinas and campinaranas which the goal is to gather knowledge about that subject and relate this knowledge to geological, pedogenetic and morphogenetic studies. The main issues addressed in this study are: typical species which are indicators of these vegetation types; adaptations and strategies of these species; effect of edaphic variations on the phytophysiognomies aspects as the structure and species composition; origin of the campinas and campinaranas flora; factors that explain the low diversity in these ecosystems; hypotheses that explain the origin of campinas and campinaranas; how the dynamics of these ecosystems is affected by the pedological and morphogenetic processes? We aim that this study can be used as a starting point for researchers who are beginning their research on meadows and campinaranas.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Amazon; Campina; campinarana; Relation physical environment-vegetation; Origin and dynamics of campinas and campinaranas.</p><p> </p>
Impaired Angiogenic Potential of Human Placental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Mandò Chiara , Razini Paola , Novielli Chiara , Anelli Gaia Maria , Belicchi Marzia , Erratico Silvia , Banfi Stefania , Meregalli Mirella , Tavelli Alessandro , Baccarin Marco , Rolfo Alessandro , Motta Silvia , Torrente Yvan , Cetin Irene 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Human placental mesenchymal stromal cells (pMSCs) have never been investigated in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). We characterized cells isolated from placental membranes and the basal disc of six IUGR and five physiological placentas. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed every 7 days during a 6-week culture. Expression of hematopoietic, stem, endothelial, and mesenchymal markers was evaluated by flow cytometry. We characterized the multipotency of pMSCs and the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial content and function. Cell viability was high in all samples, and proliferation rate was lower in IUGR compared with control cells. All samples presented a starting heterogeneous population, shifting during culture toward homogeneity for mesenchymal markers and occurring earlier in IUGR than in controls. In vitro multipotency of IUGR-derived pMSCs was restricted because their capacity for adipocyte differentiation was increased, whereas their ability to differentiate toward endothelial cell lineage was decreased. Mitochondrial content and function were higher in IUGR pMSCs than controls, possibly indicating a shift from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism, with the loss of the metabolic characteristics that are typical of undifferentiated multipotent cells.

Significance
This study demonstrates that the loss of endothelial differentiation potential and the increase of adipogenic ability are likely to play a significant role in the vicious cycle of abnormal placental development in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This is the first observation of a potential role for placental mesenchymal stromal cells in intrauterine growth restriction, thus leading to new perspectives for the treatment of IUGR.
Enhanced Osteogenesis of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Regulating Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Antagonists and Agonists
Authors: Fan Jiabing , Im Choong Sung , Guo Mian , Cui Zhong-Kai , Fartash Armita , Kim Soyon , Patel Nikhil , Bezouglaia Olga , Wu Benjamin M. , Wang Cun-Yu , Aghaloo Tara L. , Lee Min 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Although adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are an attractive cell source for bone tissue engineering, direct use of ASCs alone has had limited success in the treatment of large bone defects. Although bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are believed to be the most potent osteoinductive factors to promote osteogenic differentiation of ASCs, their clinical applications require supraphysiological dosage, leading to high medical burden and adverse side effects. In the present study, we demonstrated an alternative approach that can effectively complement the BMP activity to maximize the osteogenesis of ASCs without exogenous application of BMPs by regulating levels of antagonists and agonists to BMP signaling. Treatment of ASCs with the amiloride derivative phenamil, a positive regulator of BMP signaling, combined with gene manipulation to suppress the BMP antagonist noggin, significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of ASCs through increased BMP–Smad signaling in vitro. Furthermore, the combination approach of noggin suppression and phenamil stimulation enhanced the BMP signaling and bone repair in a mouse calvarial defect model by adding noggin knockdown ASCs to apatite-coated poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) scaffolds loaded with phenamil. These results suggest novel complementary osteoinductive strategies that could maximize activity of the BMP pathway in ASC bone repair while reducing potential adverse effects of current BMP-based therapeutics.

Significance
Although stem cell-based tissue engineering strategy offers a promising alternative to repair damaged bone, direct use of stem cells alone is not adequate for challenging healing environments such as in large bone defects. This study demonstrates a novel strategy to maximize bone formation pathways in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and functional bone formation by combining gene manipulation with a small molecule activator toward osteogenesis. The findings indicate promising stem cell-based therapy for treating bone defects that can effectively complement or replace current osteoinductive therapeutics.