bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic and soft lab-on-a-chip platform based on enzymatic-crosslinked silk fibroin hydrogel for 3D cell co-culture
Authors: Carvalho Mariana R , Caballero David , Kundu Subhas C , Reis Rui L , Oliveira Joaquim M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Integrating biological material within soft microfluidic systems made of hydrogels offers countless possibilities in biomedical research to overcome the intrinsic limitations of traditional microfluidics based on solid, non-biodegradable, and non-biocompatible materials. Hydrogel-based microfluidic technologies have the potential to transform in vitro cell/tissue culture and modeling. However, most hydrogel-based microfluidic platforms are associated with device deformation, poor structural definition, reduced stability/reproducibility due to swelling, and a limited range in rigidity, which threatens their applicability. Herein, we describe a new methodological approach for developing a soft cell-laden microfluidic device based on enzymatically-crosslinked silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels. Its unique mechano-chemical properties and high structural fidelity, make this platform especially suited for in vitro disease modelling, as demonstrated by reproducing the native dynamic 3D microenvironment of colorectal cancer and its response to chemotherapeutics in a simplistic way. Results show that from all the tested concentrations, 14 wt% enzymatically-crosslinked SF microfluidic platform has outstanding structural stability and the ability to perfuse fluid while displaying in vivo-like biological responses. Overall, this work shows a novel technique to obtain an enzymatically-crosslinked SF microfluidic platform that can be employed for developing soft lab-on-a-chip in vitro models.
Silk fibroin microspheres with photothermal nanocarrier encapsulation for anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Lu Changsheng , Shen Runqing , Wang Xiao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Controlled drug release systems are pivotal in optimizing therapeutic outcomes and mitigating side effects in treatment protocols. While traditional delivery vectors such as liposomes, micro/nanoparticles, and microspheres are effective, they often struggle with consistency in drug release rates. This study addresses these issues by integrating stimuli-responsive elements specifically magnetic, thermal, and pH-responsive components into drug delivery systems for precise control. Central to our approach is the use of silk fibroin (SF), chosen for its superior biocompatibility and tunable degradation kinetics. We developed uniform carrier microspheres (CMs) by embedding polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) into SF microspheres using a custom-designed microfluidic platform. The development process and the application of this platform are detailed, highlighting the precision in control achievable. These CMs showcased enhanced photothermal effects, with the thermal response finely adjustable by altering the PDA NPs concentration, achieving a notable temperature increase of 24.5 °C at 7.4 wt% concentration. High drug loading capacity (7.5%) and encapsulation efficiency (91.6%) were achieved, along with a pH-responsive release profile under near-infrared irradiation, paving the way for targeted anticancer drug delivery systems using the model drug doxorubicin hydrochloride. These findings underscore the potential of the developed CMs for external topical application, offering promising prospects for targeted cancer therapy utilizing drug-loaded microspheres.
Rising forest exposure and fire severity from climate warming amplify tree cover losses from wildfire in California
Authors: Wang Jonathan A , Goulden Michael L , Norlen Carl A , Bhoot Ved , Coffield Shane , Randerson James T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Warmer temperatures and severe drought are driving increases in wildfire activity in the western United States, threatening forest ecosystems. However, identifying the influence of fire severity on tree cover loss (TCL) is challenging using commonly used categorical metrics. In this study, we quantify regional trends in wildfire-driven TCL as the product of annual burned area, average forest exposure (pre-fire tree cover), and average fire severity (relative loss of tree cover). We quantified these trends with Landsat-based 30 m resolution fire and tree cover datasets for California wildfires from 1986–2021. Rates of TCL rose faster than trends in burned area, with the magnitude of tree cover area loss per unit of area burned increasing by 70% from 0.20 ± 0.05 during 1986–1996 to 0.34 ± 0.10 during 2011–2021. Forest exposure (pre-fire tree cover) within fires increased by 41% from a decadal mean of 23.4% ± 5.5% (1986–1996) to 33.1% ± 7.8% (2011–2021). Increasing forest exposure is associated with a recent expansion of fires in dense northern forests. Concurrently, fire severity (relative TCL) rose by 30% from a decadal mean of 50.4% ± 7.2% during 1986–1996 to 65.6% ± 6.5% during 2011–2021. We developed and applied a simple conceptual framework to quantify the combined effect of wildfires affecting denser forests and burning more severely. The combined effect of these two processes contributed to nearly half (47%) of the TCL since 1986, highlighting that recent changes in burned areas alone cannot explain observed tree cover trends. Linear regression analysis revealed that warmer summers and drier winters were significant drivers of increasing forest exposure, fire severity, and burned area (R
2 from 0.54 to 0.80, p ⩽ 0.001), particularly in the northern forests. Climate extremes had a disproportionate impact on dense forests that were once more resistant to wildfire but now face risks from a shifting wildfire regime.
A new Southwest Vortex objective identification algorithm based on precipitation perspective
Authors: Wang Qingyu , Cen Sixian , Huangfu Jingliang , Lai Xin , Yang Ruowen , Chen Wen , Wang Lin , Tang Yulian , Liu Kui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study developed an objective identification algorithm for the Southwest Vortex (SWV), the dominant rainstorm system prevalent in Southwest China. Based on the TempestExt package, the newly developed SWV identification algorithm employed a 12 h minimum duration threshold, utilizing the high-resolution ERA5 dataset with 1 h intervals. The results reveal that the algorithm precisely identifies the SWV records documented in the SWV Yearbooks, achieving an optimal balance of high probability of detection and low false alarm rate. In addition, the algorithm can detect the SWVs in advance, offering a significant enhancement to SWV monitoring. Notably, the algorithm-detected SWVs exhibit a strong correlation with rainstorms, with a correlation coefficient of 0.70. From an on-site precipitation perspective, the algorithm-detected SWVs account for 87.6% of the observed rainstorm days. Collectively, this study introduces an updated tool for the SWV identification and underscores the algorithm’s promising potential in improving rainstorm forecasts in Southwest China.
Scarcity induces conflict in Puerto Rican fisheries
Authors: Gómez-Andújar Nicolás X , Woodill A John , Villegas Ciera , Watson James R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Small-scale fisheries provide vital food security for coastal communities worldwide, yet they face numerous challenges. In particular, fisheries conflicts arise when a marine resource is contested or disputed between a minimum of two actors. Despite the potentially large impacts of fisheries conflicts on marine-based economies, it is difficult to quantify the impact of conflict on fisheries production or on long-standing cooperative relationships that can be vital to the long-term sustainability of a given fishery. Previous work addressing fisheries conflicts has had a limited focus on quantitative measurements of how changes in fishing effort can influence how communities fall into conflict or make concerted efforts to cooperate. To address this knowledge gap, instances of conflict and cooperation amongst fishers in Puerto Rico were documented and categorized into different intensity levels. A linear probability model was then developed to estimate the probability of a conflict event occurring in a specific region, month, and year from 2012 to 2017. The model includes catch per unit effort as a predictor variable and controls for environmental factors. We found that an increase in catch per trip from the previous month has a negative and significant relationship with the probability of a conflict event. This result provides quantitative evidence for the supply-induced scarcity hypothesis, highlighting the importance of managing fisheries sustainably, to avoid future fisheries conflicts.
Impacts of potential energy oscillations on the friction of graphene and BN lubricants
Authors: Wang C Y , Li Z C , Wang L Y , Wang R J , Tang C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The frictional responses of graphene and boron nitride lubricants is studied from the perspective of the potential energy evolution. At a low normal load regime and high interface adhesion, friction can be effectively characterized by investigating the interfacial energy barrier formation process. By decomposing the energy evolution into strain and interfacial cohesive components, we find that the oscillation phase difference plays an essential role in the friction response and is controlled by the energy conversion between them. Analyses further reveal that the energy oscillations are excited by the vertical motion of the sliding asperity that induces periodic deformation and position changes in the lubrication systems. These new findings suggest the study of potential energy evolution is advantageous for understanding adhesive friction and infers the potential to leverage adhesion in 2D lubricant application through high conversion efficiency and out-of-phase oscillations between strain and cohesive energies.
Assessment, analysis and optimization for high temperature sliding wear process parameter with additive built nickel base superalloy
Authors: Jani S P , Arul Sujin Jose , Muthalagu R , Babu M Prakash , Perumalla Janaki Ramulu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Superalloys are highly demanding alloy for high temperature application. The conventional production process and metallurgical sustainability of the superalloy against the applications is the preamble of the existing research. Based on the review it is clear to say that the development of nickel base superalloy with advanced technique without compensating the quality is open for research. The nickel base superalloy is developed through additive manufacturing process following a metal laser sintering technique. The developed alloy is used to perform high temperature sliding wear analysis with the different input process conditions. Applied load, sliding duration and the working temperature are the defined process environment for the investigation. The process conditions are designed with twenty-seven set of experimental trials for statistical analysis and process assessment. The responses on surface roughness and the material loss with respect to the input process parameters are technically assessed and justifications made with the electron microscopic images. The surface topography has influenced due to applied load and the sliding duration. Applied load has influenced the contact area prone with severe wear and the ridges are notice from the microscopic analysis. The statistical analysis has proved that the influence of temperature is less and negotiable compared to the load and time factor. From the optimization process, the optimal parameter for the experimental design is 10 N, 100 °C and 30 min is the ultimate condition to produce best results from the high temperature sliding wear analysis.
Wear behaviour of T4 and T6 heat treated LM28 composite reinforced with ZrO2 particles by stir casting method
Authors: D Prabu , Palaniradja K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The current study was performed to investigate the metal alloy LM28’s wear characteristics, strengthened by fine and coarse ZrO2 were investigated after undergoing thermal treatment with T4 and T6 process. Aluminium degasification tablets were used during the stir casting liquid metallurgy process to produce the composites with less porosity. ZrO2 was employed as fine (10–30 μm) and coarse (80–120 μm) particles in a step size of 3% from 0 to 12 wt%. The traditional T4 and T6 HT process was applied to the composite materials (LM28 nZrO2). T4 heat treatment involved in elevating the composites to 450 °C for 120–180 min before quenching them into the oil and age them naturally for 8–42 days at ambient room temperature. T6 HT was performed in a routine fashion, but also underwent artificial aging at 190–240 °C for 3–7 h before normal cooling. When compared to T4 HT process and non-HT composites, the hardness of T6 HT composites gives better results against wear property. The ideal level of hardness and resistance to wear of the composite was found in T6 HT composites when tested with a pin on a disk throughout a range of sliding distances and loads. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that T4 HT and non-HT composites suffered more surface damage than T6 HT composites when subjected to the same load and sliding distance. Initially, material was removed by an abrasive wear process, but this shifted to an adhesive one as sliding distance increased. T6 thermal treated composites are ideal for usage in tough conditions as a result of their excellent hardness and resilience to wear.
Nonlinear saturation of reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode via high-frequency quasi-mode generation
Authors: CHENG 程 Zhiwen 志文 , WEI 魏 Guangyu 广宇 , YE 叶 Lei 磊 , QIU 仇 Zhiyong 志勇 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A nonlinear saturation mechanism for reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode (RSAE) is proposed and analyzed, and is shown to be of relevance to typical reactor parameter region. The saturation is achieved through the generation of high-frequency quasi-mode due to nonlinear coupling of two RSAEs, which is then damped due to coupling with the shear Alfvén continuum, and leads to the nonlinear saturation of the primary RSAEs. An estimation of the nonlinear damping rate is also provided.
The role of metal-halide bond in the distortions and asymmetric non-covalent interactions in chiral hybrid perovskites
Authors: Fortino Mariagrazia , Mattoni Alessandro , Pietropaolo Adriana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have become interesting materials with a set of applications spanning from optoelectronics to energy conversion technologies. Recently, chiral hybrid perovskites encapsulating chiral organic ligands into the inorganic framework, have garnered significant attention for their promising potential in chiroptoelectronics. The generation of chirality and the corresponding chiroptical response are attributed to a chiral bias that arises from the chiral organic ligands extending into the inorganic framework. This was proposed to affect the inorganic geometry, propagating within the whole hybrid perovskite scaffold. Herein, we aim at clarifying the connection between coordination geometries and their distortions in chiral perovskites, by comparing tin and lead 2D perovskites encapsulating chiral methyl benzyl ammonium, S-(MBA+)2PbI4 and S-(MBA+)2SnI4. Ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory methods were used and disclosed higher degrees of distortion for the tin-based chiral HOIP model, with prominent alteration of the equatorial coordination and evident bending of the equatorial angle. Such geometrical distortions stabilize non-covalent CH-π interaction observed in the tin-based chiral perovskite in which reduced ligand–ligand distances have been found during the dynamics. The substitution of lead with tin ions within the crystallographic coordinates of S-(MBA+)2PbI4 maintains the same degree of distortion observed in S-(MBA+)2SnI4. This result indicates that the central metal strongly influences the overall packing encapsulating the chiral ligands stabilized by non-covalent interactions. The more the central metal is a hard acid, the more the bond with the soft iodide base is weak or viceversa the more the central metal is a soft acid, the more the bond with a hard base is weak. The weakeness of the metal-halide bond increases the distortion and asymmetric non-covalent interactions within the chiral perovskite scaffold.
Heterogeneous interfaces of aluminum bronze/Inconel 718 dissimilar alloys under different wire arc directed energy deposition sequences
Authors: Chang Tianxing , Fang Xuewei , Zhou You , Zhang Hongkai , Xi Naiyuan , Ghafoor Shahid , Huang Ke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The layer-by-layer deposition strategy of additive manufacturing makes it ideal to fabricate dissimilar alloy components with varying functionality, which has promising application potential in a large number of industrial areas. In this study, two components composed of ERCuAl-A2 aluminum bronze (CuAl9) and Inconel 718 nickel-based superalloy were fabricated with different deposition orders by wire-arc directed energy deposition. Subject to changes in heat input and thermophysical properties of the substrate, the transition region of the deposited Cu–Ni component with the bottom half of CuAl9 and the top half of Inconel 718 is narrow and serrated. This region features a laminated intermetallic compound layer due to the convection and rapid cooling in the molten pool. In contrast, the Ni–Cu component deposited in the opposite order exhibits a 2 mm gradient transition zone. Within this region, a large number of diverse precipitates were found as well as regional variations in grain size due to the multi-layer partial remelting. Both two components show strong bonds and their tensile specimens tested along the vertical direction always fracture at the softer CuAl9 side. Excellent tensile properties along the horizontal direction were obtained for Cu–Ni (Ultimate tensile strength: 573 MPa, yield stress: 302 MPa, elongation: 22%), while those of Ni–Cu are much lower due to the existence of the solidification cracks in the transition zone. The results from this study provide a reference for the additive manufacturing of Cu/Ni dissimilar alloy components, as well as their microstructure and mechanical properties control.
Focal volume optics for composite structuring in transparent solids
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wang Zhuo , Tan Dezhi , Gu Min , Yue Yuanzheng , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Achieving high-level integration of composite micro-nano structures with different structural characteristics through a minimalist and universal process has long been the goal pursued by advanced manufacturing research but is rarely explored due to the absence of instructive mechanisms. Here, we revealed a controllable ultrafast laser-induced focal volume light field and experimentally succeeded in highly efficient one-step composite structuring in multiple transparent solids. A pair of spatially coupled twin periodic structures reflecting light distribution in the focal volume are simultaneously created and independently tuned by engineering ultrafast laser-matter interaction. We demonstrated that the generated composite micro-nano structures are applicable to multi-dimensional information integration, nonlinear diffractive elements, and multi-functional optical modulation. This work presents the experimental verification of highly universal all-optical fabrication of composite micro-nano structures with independent controllability in multiple degrees of freedom, expands the current cognition of ultrafast laser-based material modification in transparent solids, and establishes a new scientific aspect of strong-field optics, namely, focal volume optics for composite structuring transparent solids.
Self-adjusting voxelated electrochemical three-dimensional printing of metallic microstructures
Authors: Meng Xianghe , Wu Xiaomo , Shen Xingjian , Xu Yan , Zhang Hao , Chen Mingjun , Xie Hui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Microscale metallic structures enhanced by additive manufacturing technology have attracted extensive attention especially in microelectronics and electromechanical devices. Meniscus-confined electrodeposition (MCED) advances microscale 3D metal printing, enabling simpler fabrication of superior metallic microstructures in air without complex equipment or post-processing. However, accurately predicting growth rates with current MCED techniques remain challenging, which is essential for precise structure fabrication and preventing nozzle clogging. In this work, we present a novel approach to electrochemical 3D printing that utilizes a self-adjusting, voxelated method for fabricating metallic microstructures. Diverging from conventional voxelated printing which focuses on monitoring voxel thickness for structure control, this technique adopts a holistic strategy. It ensures each voxel’s position is in alignment with the final structure by synchronizing the micropipette’s trajectory during deposition with the intended design, thus facilitating self-regulation of voxel position and reducing errors associated with environmental fluctuations in deposition parameters. The method’s ability to print micropillars with various tilt angles, high density, and helical arrays demonstrates its refined control over the deposition process. Transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that the deposited structures, which are fabricated through layer-by-layer (voxel) printing, contain nanotwins that are widely known to enhance the material’s mechanical and electrical properties. Correspondingly, in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microcompression tests confirm this enhancement, showing these structures exhibit a compressive yield strength exceeding 1 GPa. The indentation tests provided an average hardness of 3.71 GPa, which is the highest value reported in previous work using MCED. The resistivity measured by the four-point probe method was (1.95 ± 0.01) × 10−7 Ω·m, nearly 11 times that of bulk copper. These findings demonstrate the considerable advantage of this technique in fabricating complex metallic microstructures with enhanced mechanical properties, making it suitable for advanced applications in microsensors, microelectronics, and micro-electromechanical systems.