bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elektrifizierung der organischen Synthese
Authors: Wiebe Anton , Gieshoff Tile , Möhle Sabine , Rodrigo Eduardo , Zirbes Michael , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDie direkte Nutzung von Elektrizität für die organische Synthese erlebt derzeit eine Renaissance. Von den eher syntheseorientierten Laboratorien, die auf diesem Gebiet arbeiten, werden neuartige oder althergebrachte Konzepte genutzt, um den Weg von der Nischentechnologie zu breiteren Anwendungen zu ebnen. Da nur Elektronen als Reagens genutzt werden, wird die Bildung von Abfallreagentien effizient vermieden. Darüber hinaus können stöchiometrische Reagentien regeneriert werden und ermöglichen eine elektrokatalysierte Umsetzung. Die Anwendung von elektroorganischen Transformationen ist jedoch mehr als nur die Minimierung des Abfallaufkommens; sie führt vielmehr zu inhärent sicheren Prozessen, zur Abkürzung vieler Synthesestufen, zu milderen Reaktionsbedingungen, zu alternativen Zugängen zu gewünschten Struktureinheiten sowie zur Schaffung neuer Bereiche für geistiges Eigentum (Patente). Wenn die verwendete Elektrizität aus regenerativen Ressourcen stammt, kann dieser Stromüberschuss direkt als terminales Oxidations‐ oder Reduktionsmittel eingesetzt werden, was eine äußerst nachhaltige und damit hochattraktive Technologie darstellt. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die jüngsten Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der elektrochemischen Synthese, welche die Zukunft dieses stark aufstrebenden Gebietes beeinflussen werden.
Wenn fluoreszierende Proteine und Weißlicht emittierende Dioden aufeinandertreffen
Authors: Fernández‐Luna Verónica , Coto Pedro B. , Costa Rubén D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFluoreszierende Proteine (FPs) haben zur Bildgebung und Markierung in Zellbiologie und Medizin breite Anwendung gefunden, ihre Verwendung in Leuchtdioden (LEDs) und Lasern ist jedoch neu. Das Interesse an den FPs resultiert aus ihren guten Photolumineszenzeigenschaften (hohe Emissionseffizienz mit einem engen Spektrum und hohe Photonenfluss‐Sättigung), ihrer guten Photostabilität und nachhaltigen Herstellung. Ihre geringe Stabilität bei hohen Temperaturen sowie die Notwendigkeit einer wässrigen Umgebung haben ihre Anwendung in der Optoelektronik jedoch bisher stark eingeschränkt. Diese Nachteile sind kürzlich durch neue Beschichtungssysteme überwunden worden. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden die ersten Schritte, die von verschiedenen Gruppen bei der Entwicklung von weißen Biohybrid‐LEDs (Bio‐HWLEDs) mit dem Fokus auf der Verwendung von FPs als Farbkonverter unternommen wurden, zusammengefasst und der Wissensstand und die Herausforderungen auf diesem Gebiet dargelegt.
When Fluorescent Proteins Meet White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Fernández‐Luna Verónica , Coto Pedro B. , Costa Rubén D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOver the last decades, fluorescent proteins (FPs) have been extensively employed for imaging and tracing in cell biology and medicine. However, their application for lighting devices like light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers has recently started. The interest of FPs is the result of their good photoluminescence features (high emission efficiency with a narrow spectrum and a high photon‐flux saturation), good photostability, sustainable production by bacteria, and eco‐friendly recycling. Their low stability at high temperatures as well as the need for an aqueous environment have, however, strongly limited their use in optoelectronics. This has recently been circumvented with new coating systems that are paving the way for the entrance of FPs into the LED field. In this Minireview, we summarize the first steps taken by a few groups towards the development of bio‐hybrid white LEDs (Bio‐HWLEDs) with a focus on using FPs as color down‐converters, highlighting the state of the art and challenges associated with this emerging field.
An entirely fmoc solid phase approach to the synthesis of daptomycin analogs
Authors: Barnawi Ghufran , Noden Michael , Taylor Robert , Lohani Chuda , Beriashvili David , Palmer Michael , Taylor Scott D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDaptomycin is an important Ca2+‐dependent cyclic lipodepsipeptide antibiotic used to treat serious gram‐positive infections. The search for daptomycin analogs with improved activity and their application as tools for studying its mechanism of action has prompted us to develop an entirely Fmoc solid phase approach to the synthesis of daptomycin analogs. Key to the success of this approach was the development of conditions that allowed for the formation of the ester bond on resin‐bound peptides consisting of residues 1‐10 and the decanoyl lipid tail. The esterification reaction proceeded more efficiently on Tentagel resin as opposed to standard polystyrene resin. This approach was used to synthesize a series of analogs in which each position of Dap‐E12‐W13, a relatively active daptomycin analog, was individually substituted by alanine. Only positions 2, 6, and 11 were found to be amenable to substitution by alanine in that the corresponding alanine analogs were only 1.5‐ to 4‐fold less active than Dap‐E12‐W13. We also found that the daptomycin analog, Dap‐K6‐E12‐W13, exhibits in vitro activity approaching that of daptomycin at physiological Ca2+ concentration. Studies with Dap‐K6‐E12‐W13 and model liposomes indicate that this analog interacts with membranes by the same mechanism as daptomycin. This analog is currently being used as a lead for the development daptomycin analogs with improved activity.
Gold nanorod‐photosensitizer conjugates with glutathione‐sensitive linkages for synergistic cancer photodynamic/photothermal therapy
Authors: Choi Jongseon , Lee Sang‐Eun , Park Jeong‐Sook , Kim So Yeon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been intensively investigated as a useful modality for the treatment of various cancers. In addition, near infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy (PTT) using gold nanocarriers has attracted particular interest as a hyperthermia strategy. In this study, gold nanorod (AuNR)‐photosensitizer conjugates with glutathione‐sensitive linkages were designed for PDT and PTT. Several kinds of AuNRs with different aspect ratios were synthesized and modified with FA‐conjugated block copolymers (FA‐PEG‐P(Asp)‐DHLA) and Chlorin e6 (Ce6) as a photosensitizer. The surface‐modified AuNRs showed excellent stability and solubility in aqueous solution. In particular, FA‐PEG‐P(Asp)‐DHLA‐AuNR100‐SS‐Ce6 with a 3.84 aspect ratio exhibited strong photothermal effects, enhanced singlet oxygen generation, and marked phototoxicity. Based on these results, we suggest that AuNR‐photosensitizer conjugates with glutathione‐sensitive linkages have potential application in PDT/PTT for effective clinical treatment of various cancers.
Modeling and optimization of lipid accumulation by Yarrowia lipolytica from glucose under nitrogen depletion conditions
Authors: Robles‐Rodríguez Carlos E. , Muñoz‐Tamayo Rafael , Bideaux Carine , Gorret Nathalie , Guillouet Stéphane E. , Molina‐Jouve Carole , Roux Gilles , Aceves‐Lara César A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOleaginous yeasts have been seen as a feasible alternative to produce the precursors of biodiesel due to their capacity to accumulate lipids as triacylglycerol having profiles with high content of unsaturated fatty acids. The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is a promising microorganism that can produce lipids under nitrogen depletion conditions and excess of the carbon source. However, under these conditions, this yeast also produces citric acid (overflow metabolism) decreasing lipid productivity. This work presents two mathematical models for lipid production by Y. lipolytica from glucose. The first model is based on Monod and inhibition kinetics, and the second one is based on the Droop quota model approach, which is extended to yeast. The two models showed good agreements with the experimental data used for calibration and validation. The quota based model presented a better description of the dynamics of nitrogen and glucose dynamics leading to a good management of N/C ratio which makes this model interesting for control purposes. Then, quota model was used to evaluate, by means of simulation, a scenario for optimizing lipid productivity and lipid content. For that, a control strategy was designed by approximating the flow rates of glucose and nitrogen with piecewise linear functions. Simulation results achieved productivity of 0.95 g L−1 hr−1 and lipid content fraction of 0.23 g g−1, which indicates that this strategy is a promising alternative for the optimization of lipid production.
High titer oncolytic measles virus production process by integration of dielectric spectroscopy as online monitoring system
Authors: Grein Tanja A. , Loewe Daniel , Dieken Hauke , Salzig Denise , Weidner Tobias , Czermak Peter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOncolytic viruses offer new hope to millions of patients with incurable cancer. One promising class of oncolytic viruses is Measles virus, but its broad administration to cancer patients is currently hampered by the inability to produce the large amounts of virus needed for treatment (1010–1012 virus particles per dose). Measles virus is unstable, leading to very low virus titers during production. The time of infection and time of harvest are therefore critical parameters in a Measles virus production process, and their optimization requires an accurate online monitoring system. We integrated a probe based on dielectric spectroscopy (DS) into a stirred tank reactor to characterize the Measles virus production process in adherent growing Vero cells. We found that DS could be used to monitor cell adhesion on the microcarrier and that the optimal virus harvest time correlated with the global maximum permittivity signal. In 16 independent bioreactor runs, the maximum Measles virus titer was achieved approximately 40 hr after the permittivity maximum. Compared to an uncontrolled Measles virus production process, the integration of DS increased the maximum virus concentration by more than three orders of magnitude. This was sufficient to achieve an active Measles virus concentration of > 1010 TCID50 ml−1.
From lab to market: An integrated bioprocess design approach for new‐to‐nature biosurfactants produced by Starmerella bombicola
Authors: Van Renterghem Lisa , Roelants Sophie L.K.W. , Baccile Niki , Uyttersprot Katrijn , Taelman Marie Claire , Everaert Bernd , Mincke Stein , Ledegen Sam , Debrouwer Sam , Scholtens Kristel , Stevens Christian , Soetaert Wim 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGlycolipid microbial biosurfactants, such as sophorolipids (SLs), generate high industrial interest as 100% biobased alternatives for traditional surfactants. A well‐known success story is the efficient SL producer Starmerella bombicola, which reaches titers well above 200 g/L. Recent engineering attempts have enabled the production of completely new types of molecules by S. bombicola, e.g. the bolaform SLs. Scale‐up of bolaform SL production was performed at 150 L scale. The purified product was evaluated in detergent applications, as classic SLs are mostly applied in eco‐friendly detergents. In this paper, we show that they can be used as green and non‐irritant surfactants in for example (automatic) dishwashing applications. However, due to the presence of an ester function in the biosurfactant molecule a limited chemical stability at higher pH values (>6.5) was noticed, (therefore called ‘non‐symmetrical’ (nsBola)) which, is a major drawback that will most likely inhibit market introduction. An integrated bioprocess design (IBPD) strategy was thus applied to resolve this issue. The strategy was to replace the fed fatty acids with fatty alcohols, to generate so‐called “symmetrical bolaform (sBola) sophorosides (SSs),” containing two instead of one glycosidic bond. Next to a change in feeding strategy, the blocking of the fatty alcohols from metabolizing/oxidizing through the suggested ω‐oxidation pathway was necessary. For the latter, two putative fatty alcohol oxidase genes (fao1 and fao2) were identified in the S. bombicola genome and deleted in the bolaform SL producing strain (ΔatΔsble). Shake flask experiments for these new strains (ΔatΔsbleΔfao1 and ΔatΔsbleΔfao2) were performed to evaluate if the fed fatty alcohols were directly implemented into the SL biosynthesis pathway. Indeed, sBola sophorosides (SSs) production up to 20 g/L was observed for the ΔatΔsbleΔfao1 strain. Unexpectedly, the ΔatΔsbleΔfao2 strain only produced minor amounts of sBola sophorosides (SSs), and mainly nsBola SLs (alike the parental ΔatΔsble strain). The sBola sophorosides (SSs) were purified and their symmetrical structure was confirmed by NMR. They were found to be significantly more stable at higher pH, opening up the application potential of the biosurfactant by enhancing its stability properties.
Combined prediction of miR‐210 and miR‐374a for severity and prognosis of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Wang Zhansheng , Liu Yulu , Shao Minkun , Wang Dong , Zhang Ying 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground and AimHypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a disorder featured by hypoxic and ischemic damages during the perinatal period and its high mortality (i.e., 15%–20%) could be partly attributed to late diagnosis. Therefore, miR‐210 and miR‐374a were investigated to find if they could improve the diagnostic values of S100B protein and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) for HIE.MethodsAltogether 167 HIE newborns and 82 healthy newborns were recruited, and their blood were sampled for determining the levels of biomarkers. Specifically, S100B protein and NSE levels were detected based on the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, while the expressions of miR‐210 and miR‐374a were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were established to assess the diagnostic values of the above biomarkers for HIE. Finally, the correlation analysis between miR‐210/miR‐374 and Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA) scoring or Gesell intellectual development were also conducted.ResultsThe levels of miR‐210, miR‐374a, S100B protein, and NSE were significantly distinct between HIE patients and healthy newborns (p < .05). Besides, miR‐210 (rs = .573), miR‐374a (rs = .651), NSE level (rs = −.622), and S100B level (rs = −.55) were all, respectively, correlated with NBNA scoring with statistical significance (p < .05). Furthermore, it was revealed that the combined diagnosis of miR‐210, miR‐374a, S100B protein, and NSE could obtain the highest accuracy regarding pairs of mild HIE versus moderate HIE (AUC = 0.898), moderate HIE versus severe HIE (AUC = 0.922), mild HIE versus severe HIE (AUC = 0.996), and HIE versus control (AUC = 0.960). More than that, the four molecules were also remarkably associated with Gesell intellectual development (p < .05).ConclusionMiR‐210 and miR‐374a could help to elevate the diagnostic value and prognostic prediction of S100B protein and NSE for HIE.
Nitric oxide modulates actin filament organization in Arabidopsis thaliana primary root cells at low temperatures
Authors: Plohovska Svitlana H. , Krasylenko Yuliya A. , Yemets Alla I. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCytoskeleton is gaining the increasing recognition as one of nitric oxide (NO)—downstream targets because of its involvement in plenty of NO‐controlled processes in plants throughout the entire life cycle starting from seed germination to pollination as well as (a)biotic stress tolerance. It has been revealed that low temperature (+0.5°C) has an inhibitory effect on A. thaliana primary root growth and causes an anisotropic increase of epidermal cells diameter in elongation zone. Furthermore, actin filaments’ organization of epidermal cells in different zones of primary roots is modulated by NO content. Thus, the exogenous NO donor (SNP) favors to actin filaments network reorganization, while both cold and NO scavenger (c‐PTIO) increase its randomization. According to the data obtained, it can be assumed that not only actin filaments act as NO sensors, but NO is also involved into plant cell response on low temperatures by the signaling via such important cytoskeleton machinery as actin network.
Evolution of Self‐Propelled Objects: From the Viewpoint of Nonlinear Science
Authors: Suematsu Nobuhiko J. , Nakata Satoshi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA variety of moving objects driven by chemical energy have been reported. In this Minireview, we focus on self‐propelled objects driven by interfacial tension and explain three types of basic mechanisms for such self‐propelled motion, that is, driven by a) surface tension difference, b) contact angle difference, and c) axisymmetric swirling flow in a droplet. Simple behavior induced from the basic mechanisms is then extended by coupling to a chemical reaction or increasing the number of moving objects. Even though the chemicals used here are still simple, the extended systems could show characteristic nonlinear behavior, such as reciprocating motion, oscillatory motion, and spatiotemporal pattern formation. Combining the dynamical information about these characteristic motions with the knowledge of molecular structures will lead to the development of more advanced self‐propelled objects. We believe this Minireview can help chemists in investigating self‐propelled objects displaying various functional motions observed in a biological system.
Fluorescent Porous Carbazole‐Decorated Copolymer Monodisperse Microspheres: Facile synthesis, Selective and Recyclable Detection of Iron (III) in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Zhang Chunyan , Luo Jianxin , Ou Lijuan , Lun Yinghui , Cai Songtao , Hu Bonian , Yu Guipeng , Pan Chunyue 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate an environmentally friendly one‐step soap‐free emulsion polymerization strategy to develop fluorescent carbazole‐based copolymer monodisperse microspheres for highly sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+. The copolymer microspheres feature a stable spherical morphology with a narrow size distribution through regulating N‐vinylcarbazole (NVCz) content (1.25–10.0 wt.%). Notably, the as‐made microspheres exhibit a strong luminescence, tunable emission intensity and specific surface areas. Interestingly, the fluorescence of the copolymer microspheres can be selectively quenched by trace amounts of Fe3+ due to the oxidation of carbazole, and the quenching fluorescence can be facilely recovered by reduction with NaBH4. Its excellent sensing performance is shown in terms of high sensitivity (low limit of detection, 1.3 μm), excellent selectivity, and rapid response rate, due to the porous nature of the copolymer microspheres. These results illustrate the copolymer microspheres obtained by simple preparative procedure without using expensive or toxic raw materials would serve as a high performance sensor for highly selective and recyclable detection of Fe3+ in aqueous medium.
Cancer‐Targeting Functionalization of Selenium‐Containing Ruthenium Conjugate with Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Property to Enhance Theranostic Effects
Authors: Zhao Zhennan , Gao Pan , You Yuanyuan , Chen Tianfeng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA mutifunctional ruthenium‐based conjugate Ru‐BSe was designed and synthesized. The Ru complex with favorable bioimaging function was covalently linked with a cancer‐targeted molecule that could be effectively internalized by the tumor to realize enhanced theranostic effects. The pH‐response of the Ru conjugate in tumor acidic microenvironment causes ligand substitution and release of therapeutic complex. This activated complex remains inert to the reducing biomolecule‐glutathione and terminally locates in mitochondria, in which it triggers oxidative stress, and activates intrinsic apoptosis. Real‐time monitoring reveals that this Ru conjugate could selectively accumulate in tumor tissue in vivo, which significantly suppresses tumor progression and alleviate the damage to normal organs, realizing the precise cancer theranosis.
Photophysics of a UV‐B Filter 4‐Methylbenzylidene Camphor: Intersystem Crossing Plays an Important Role
Authors: Fang Ye‐Guang , Li Chun‐Xiang , Chang Xue‐Ping , Cui Ganglong 
Published: December 2017

Abstract4‐Methylbenzylidene camphor (4MBC) is a frequently used ultraviolet (UV) filter in commercial sunscreens, which is experimentally found to undergo efficient intersystem crossing to triplet manifolds followed by predominant radiationless decay to the ground state. However, its photophysical mechanism is unclear. Herein, we have employed combined CASPT2 and CASSCF methods to study the spectroscopic properties, geometric and electronic structures, conical intersections and crossing points, and excited‐state deactivation channels of 4MBC. We have found that the V(1ππ*) state is populated with large probability in the Franck–Condon region. Starting from this state, there are two efficient nonradiative relaxation processes to populate the 3ππ* state. In the first one, the V(1ππ*) state decays to the V′(1ππ*) state. The resultant V′(1ππ*) state further jumps to the 1nπ* state by internal conversion at the 1ππ*/1nπ* conical intersection. Then, the 1nπ* state hops to the 3ππ* state through an efficient 1nπ*→3ππ* intersystem crossing process. In the second one, the V(1ππ*) state can diabatically relax along the photoisomerization reaction coordinate. In this process, a 1ππ*/3nπ* crossing point helps the 1ππ* system decay to the 3nπ* state, which further decays to the 3ππ* state through internal conversion at the 3nπ*/3ππ* conical intersection. Once the 3ππ* state is formed, a nearly barrierless relaxation path drives the 3ππ* system to hop to the S0 state via the 3ππ*/S0 crossing point. Our current work not only rationalizes recent experimental observations but also enriches our photophysical knowledge of UV filters.
Range expansion of the Asian native giant resin bee Megachile sculpturalis (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae) in France
Authors: Le Féon Violette , Aubert Matthieu , Genoud David , Andrieu‐Ponel Valérie , Westrich Paul , Geslin Benoît 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn 2008, a new species for the French bee fauna was recorded in Allauch near Marseille: the giant resin bee, Megachile sculpturalis (Smith, 1853). This was the first European record of this species that is native to East Asia. To our knowledge, it is the first introduced bee species in Europe. Here, we provide an overview of the current distribution of M. sculpturalis in France and we describe the history of its range expansion. Besides our own observations, information was compiled from literature and Internet websites, and by contacting naturalist networks. We collected a total of 117 records (locality × year combinations) for the 2008–2016 period. The geographical range of M. sculpturalis has extended remarkably, now occupying a third of continental France, with the most northern and western records located 335 and 520 km from Allauch, respectively. Information on its phenology, feeding, and nesting behavior is also provided. We report several events of nest occupation or eviction of Osmia sp. and Xylocopa sp. individuals by M. sculpturalis. Our results show that M. sculpturalis is now well established in France. Given its capacity to adapt and rapidly expand its range, we recommend amplifying the monitoring of this species to better anticipate the changes in its geographical range and its potential impacts on native bees.