bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A SAM oligomerization domain shapes the genomic binding landscape of the LEAFY transcription factor
Authors: Sayou Camille , Nanao Max H. , Jamin Marc , Posé David , Thévenon Emmanuel , Grégoire Laura , Tichtinsky Gabrielle , Denay Grégoire , Ott Felix , Peirats Llobet Marta , Schmid Markus , Dumas Renaud , Parcy François 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDeciphering the mechanisms directing transcription factors (TFs) to specific genome regions is essential to understand and predict transcriptional regulation. TFs recognize short DNA motifs primarily through their DNA-binding domain. Some TFs also possess an oligomerization domain suspected to potentiate DNA binding but for which the genome-wide influence remains poorly understood. Here we focus on the LEAFY transcription factor, a master regulator of flower development in angiosperms. We have determined the crystal structure of its conserved amino-terminal domain, revealing an unanticipated Sterile Alpha Motif oligomerization domain. We show that this domain is essential to LEAFY floral function. Moreover, combined biochemical and genome-wide assays suggest that oligomerization is required for LEAFY to access regions with low-affinity binding sites or closed chromatin. This finding shows that domains that do not directly contact DNA can nevertheless have a profound impact on the DNA binding landscape of a TF.
Essential role for a novel population of binucleated mammary epithelial cells in lactation
Authors: Rios Anne C. , Fu Nai Yang , Jamieson Paul R. , Pal Bhupinder , Whitehead Lachlan , Nicholas Kevin R. , Lindeman Geoffrey J. , Visvader Jane E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe mammary gland represents a unique tissue to study organogenesis as it predominantly develops in the post-natal animal and undergoes dramatic morphogenetic changes during puberty and the reproductive cycle. The physiological function of the mammary gland is to produce milk to sustain the newborn. Here we view the lactating gland through three-dimensional confocal imaging of intact tissue. We observed that the majority of secretory alveolar cells are binucleated. These cells first arise in very late pregnancy due to failure of cytokinesis and are larger than mononucleated cells. Augmented expression of Aurora kinase-A and Polo-like kinase-1 at the lactogenic switch likely mediates the formation of binucleated cells. Our findings demonstrate an important physiological role for polyploid mammary epithelial cells in lactation, and based on their presence in five different species, suggest that binucleated cells evolved to maximize milk production and promote the survival of offspring across all mammalian species.
Interaction between IGFBP7 and insulin: a theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Ruan Wenjing , Kang Zhengzhong , Li Youzhao , Sun Tianyang , Wang Lipei , Liang Lijun , Lai Maode , Wu Tao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInsulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) can bind to insulin with high affinity which inhibits the early steps of insulin action. Lack of recognition mechanism impairs our understanding of insulin regulation before it binds to insulin receptor. Here we combine computational simulations with experimental methods to investigate the interaction between IGFBP7 and insulin. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that His200 and Arg198 in IGFBP7 were key residues. Verified by experimental data, the interaction remained strong in single mutation systems R198E and H200F but became weak in double mutation system R198E-H200F relative to that in wild-type IGFBP7. The results and methods in present study could be adopted in future research of discovery of drugs by disrupting protein–protein interactions in insulin signaling. Nevertheless, the accuracy, reproducibility and costs of free-energy calculation are still problems that need to be addressed before computational methods can become standard binding prediction tools in discovery pipelines.
Analysis of proteome dynamics inside the silk gland lumen of Bombyx mori
Authors: Dong Zhaoming , Zhao Ping , Zhang Yan , Song Qianru , Zhang Xiaolu , Guo Pengchao , Wang Dandan , Xia Qingyou 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe silk gland is the only organ where silk proteins are synthesized and secreted in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Silk proteins are stored in the lumen of the silk gland for around eight days during the fifth instar. Determining their dynamic changes is helpful for clarifying the secretion mechanism of silk proteins. Here, we identified the proteome in the silk gland lumen using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and demonstrated its changes during two key stages. From day 5 of the fifth instar to day 1 of wandering, the abundances of fibroins, sericins, seroins and proteins of unknown functions increased significantly in different compartments of the silk gland lumen. As a result, these accumulated proteins constituted the major cocoon components. In contrast, the abundances of enzymes and extracellular matrix proteins decreased in the silk gland lumen, suggesting that they were not the structural constituents of silk. Twenty-five enzymes may be involved in the regulation of hormone metabolism for proper silk gland function. In addition, the metabolism of other non-proteinous components such as chitin and pigment were also discussed in this study.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment improved the rate of autograft peripheral nerve regeneration in rat
Authors: Jiang Wenli , Wang Yuexiang , Tang Jie , Peng Jiang , Wang Yu , Guo Quanyi , Guo Zhiyuan , Li Pan , Xiao Bo , Zhang Jinxing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLow intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been widely used in clinic for the treatment of repairing pseudarthrosis, bone fractures and of healing in various soft tissues. Some reports indicated that LIPUS accelerated peripheral nerve regeneration including Schwann cells (SCs) and injured nerves. But little is known about its appropriate intensities on autograft nerves. This study was to investigate which intensity of LIPUS improved the regeneration of gold standard postsurgical nerves in experimental rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were made into 10 mm right side sciatic nerve reversed autologous nerve transplantation and randomly treated with 250 mW/cm2, 500 mW/cm2 or 750 mW/cm2 LIPUS for 2–12 weeks after operation. Functional and pathological results showed that LIPUS of 250 mW/cm2 significantly induced faster rate of axonal regeneration. This suggested that autograft nerve regeneration was improved.
AtSWEET4, a hexose facilitator, mediates sugar transport to axial sinks and affects plant development
Authors: Liu Xiaozhu , Zhang Yan , Yang Chao , Tian Zhihong , Li Jianxiong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPlants transport photoassimilates from source organs to sink tissues through the phloem translocation pathway. In the transport phloem, sugars that escape from the sieve tubes are released into the apoplasmic space between the sieve element/companion cell complex (SE/CC) and phloem parenchyma cells (PPCs) during the process of long-distance transport. The competition for sugar acquisition between SE/CC and adjoining PPCs is mediated by plasma membrane translocators. YFP-tagged AtSWEET4 protein is localized in the plasma membrane and PromoterAtSWEET4-GUS analysis showed that AtSWEET4 is expressed in the stele of roots and veins of leaves and flowers. Overexpression of AtSWEET4 in Arabidopsis increases plant size and accumulates more glucose and fructose. By contrast, knock-down of AtSWEET4 by RNA-interference leads to small plant size, reduction in glucose and fructose contents, chlorosis in the leaf vein network and reduction in chlorophyll content in leaves. Yeast assays demonstrated that AtSWEET4 is able to complement both fructose and glucose transport deficiency. Transgenic plants of AtSWEET4 overexpression exhibit higher freezing tolerance and support more growth of bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121. We conclude that AtSWEET4 plays an important role in mediating sugar transport in axial tissues during plant growth and development.
Autonomous oscillation/separation of cell density artificially induced by optical interlink feedback as designed interaction between two isolated microalgae chips
Authors: Ozasa Kazunari , Won June , Song Simon , Maeda Mizuo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe demonstrate a designed interaction between two isolated cell populations of Euglena gracilis and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, separately confined in two 25-square micro-aquariums of lab-on-chip size. The interaction was realized by interlinking two identical optical feedback systems, which measured the cell distribution. To analyze the cell populations, we measured the cell distribution in the 25 squares and irradiated the cells with a blue light pattern as an external stimulus. The cell distribution dataset was exchanged between the two systems. Governed by a designed interaction algorithm, the feedback systems produced a dynamic blue light illumination pattern that evoked the photophobic responses of both species. We also induced autonomous cell density oscillation and cell distribution separation and clustering, and analyzed how the types and diversities of the photophobic responses affected the oscillation period and separation and clustering. We conclude that artificial interlink feedback is a promising method for investigating diverse cell–cell interactions in ecological communities, and for developing soft-computing applications with living cells.
Modular design and development methodology for robotic multi-axis F/M sensors
Authors: Liang Qiao-Kang , Zhang Dan , Coppola Gianmarc , Wu Wan-Neng , Zou Kun-Lin , Wang Yao-Nan , Sun Wei , Ge Yun-Jian , Ge Yu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAccurate Force/Moment (F/M) measurements are required in many applications and multi-axis F/M sensors have been utilized a wide variety of robotic systems since 1970s. A multi-axis F/M sensor is capable of measuring multiple components of force terms alongx-,y-,z-axis (Fx,Fy,Fz) and the moments terms aboutx-,y- andz-axis (Mx,MyandMz) simultaneously. In this manuscript, we describe experimental and theoretical approaches for using modular Elastic Elements (EE) to efficiently achieve multi-axis, high-performance F/M sensors. Specifically, the proposed approach employs combinations of simple modular elements (e.g. lamella and diaphragm) in monolithic constructions to develop various multi-axis F/M sensors. Models of multi-axis F/M sensors are established and the experimental results indicate that the new approach could be widely used for development of multi-axis F/M sensors for many other different applications.
Neural circuitry involved in quitting after repeated failures: role of the cingulate and temporal parietal junction
Authors: Zhao Weihua , Kendrick Keith M , Chen Fei , Li Hong , Feng Tingyong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe more times people fail the more likely they are to give up, however little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this impact of repeated failure on decision making. Here we have used a visual shape discrimination task with computer-controlled feedback combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural circuits involved. The behavioral task confirmed that the more times subjects experienced failure the more likely they were to give up, with three successive failures being the key threshold and the majority of subjects reaching the point where they decided to quit and try a new stimulus set after three or four failures. The fMRI analysis revealed activity changes in frontal, parietal, temporal, limbic and striatal regions, especially anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and temporal parietal junction (TPJ) associated with the number of previous failures experienced. Furthermore, their parameter estimates were predictive of subjects’ quitting rate. Thus, subjects reach the point where they decide to quit after three/four failures and this is associated with differential changes in brain regions involved in error monitoring and reward which regulate both failure detection and changes in decision-making strategy.
Precise control of coupling strength in photonic molecules over a wide range using nanoelectromechanical systems
Authors: Du Han , Zhang Xingwang , Chen Guoqiang , Deng Jie , Chau Fook Siong , Zhou Guangya 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhotonic molecules have a range of promising applications including quantum information processing, where precise control of coupling strength is critical. Here, by laterally shifting the center-to-center offset of coupled photonic crystal nanobeam cavities, we demonstrate a method to precisely and dynamically control the coupling strength of photonic molecules through integrated nanoelectromechanical systems with a precision of a few GHz over a range of several THz without modifying the nature of their constituent resonators. Furthermore, the coupling strength can be tuned continuously from negative (strong coupling regime) to zero (weak coupling regime) and further to positive (strong coupling regime) and vice versa. Our work opens a door to the optimization of the coupling strength of photonic molecules in situ for the study of cavity quantum electrodynamics and the development of efficient quantum information devices.
Physical Modeling of Activation Energy in Organic Semiconductor Devices based on Energy and Momentum Conservations
Authors: Mao Ling-Feng , Ning H. , Hu Changjun , Lu Zhaolin , Wang Gaofeng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractField effect mobility in an organic device is determined by the activation energy. A new physical model of the activation energy is proposed by virtue of the energy and momentum conservation equations. The dependencies of the activation energy on the gate voltage and the drain voltage, which were observed in the experiments in the previous independent literature, can be well explained using the proposed model. Moreover, the expression in the proposed model, which has clear physical meanings in all parameters, can have the same mathematical form as the well-known Meyer-Neldel relation, which lacks of clear physical meanings in some of its parameters since it is a phenomenological model. Thus it not only describes a physical mechanism but also offers a possibility to design the next generation of high-performance optoelectronics and integrated flexible circuits by optimizing device physical parameter.
Mechanism Analysis of the Inverse Doppler Effect in Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal based on Phase Evolution
Authors: Jiang Qiang , Chen Jiabi , Wang Yan , Liang Binming , Hu Jinbing , Zhuang Songlin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlthough the inverse Doppler effect has been observed experimentally at optical frequencies in photonic crystal with negative effective refractive index, its explanation is based on phenomenological theory rather than a strict theory. Elucidating the physical mechanism underlying the inverse Doppler shift is necessary. In this article, the primary electrical field component in the photonic crystal that leads to negative refraction was extracted and the phase evolution of the entire process when light travels through a moving photonic crystal was investigated using static and dynamic finite different time domain methods. The analysis demonstrates the validity of the use of np (the effective refractive index of the photonic crystal in the light path) in these calculations and reveals the origin of the inverse Doppler effect in photonic crystals.
Optogenetic control of human neurons in organotypic brain cultures
Authors: Andersson My , Avaliani Natalia , Svensson Andreas , Wickham Jenny , Pinborg Lars H. , Jespersen Bo , Christiansen Søren H. , Bengzon Johan , Woldbye David P.D. , Kokaia Merab 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOptogenetics is one of the most powerful tools in neuroscience, allowing for selective control of specific neuronal populations in the brain of experimental animals, including mammals. We report, for the first time, the application of optogenetic tools to human brain tissue providing a proof-of-concept for the use of optogenetics in neuromodulation of human cortical and hippocampal neurons as a possible tool to explore network mechanisms and develop future therapeutic strategies.
Warming effects on photosynthesis of subtropical tree species: a translocation experiment along an altitudinal gradient
Authors: Li Yiyong , Liu Juxiu , Zhou Guoyi , Huang Wenjuan , Duan Honglang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOngoing climate warming induced by human activities may have great impacts on trees, yet it remains unresolved how subtropical tree species respond to rising temperature in the field. Here, we used downward translocation to investigate the effects of climate warming on leaf photosynthesis of six common tree species in subtropical China. During the experimental period between 2012 and 2014, the mean average photosynthetic rates (Asat) under saturating light for Schima superba, Machilus breviflora, Pinus massoniana and Ardisia lindleyana in the warm site were7%, 19%, 20% and 29% higher than those in the control site. In contrast, seasonal Asat for Castanopsis hystrix in the warm site were lower compared to the control site. Changes in Asat in response to translocation were mainly associated with those in leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic capacity (RuBP carboxylation, RuBP regeneration capacity). Our results imply that climate warming could have potential impacts on species composition and community structure in subtropical forests.
Comparison of Vertebral Artery and Middle Cerebral Artery Monitoring for Right-to-left Shunt Detection by Contrast-enhanced Transcranial Doppler
Authors: Guo Yu-Zhu , Gao Yong-Sheng , Guo Zhen-Ni , Niu Peng-Peng , Yang Yi , Xing Ying-qi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractContrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler (c-TCD) is a reliable and reproducible method for right-to-left shunt (RLS) detection, with high sensitivity. Monitoring the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is an optimal choice, yet for patients with insufficient temporal bone windows or severe stenosis of carotid arteries, an alternative should be established. The aim of the present study was to further establish whether c-TCD with vertebral artery (VA) monitoring is as effective as MCA monitoring for RLS detection. We evaluated 194 subjects for RLS detection with VA and MCA monitoring simultaneously. There was no significant difference between the positive rates of VA and MCA monitoring for RLS detection. c-TCD with VA monitoring could be an alternative for RLS detection, with high sensitivity and specificity both at rest and during the Valsalva manoeuvre.
Integratable quarter-wave plates enable one-way angular momentum conversion
Authors: Liang Yao , Zhang Fengchun , Gu Jiahua , Huang Xu Guang , Liu Songhao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNanophotonic waveguides are the building blocks of integrated photonics. To date, while quarter-wave plates (QWPs) are widely used as common components for a wide range of applications in free space, there are almost no reports of Integratable QWPs being able to manipulate the angular momentum (AM) of photons inside nanophotonic waveguides. Here, we demonstrate two kinds of Integratable QWPs respectively based on the concept of abrupt phase change and birefringence effect. The orientation of the equivalent optical axis of an Integratable QWP is designable. Remarkably, a combination of two integratable QWPs with different equivalent optical axes leads to an integrated system that performances one-way AM conversion. Moreover, this system can be used as a point source that can excite different patterns on a metal surface via directional excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP). These results allow for the control of AM of light in nanophotonic waveguides, which are crucial for various applications with limited physical space, such as on-chip bio-sensing and integrated quantum information processing.
Design of five‐phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor for low output torque ripple applications
Authors: Baek Jeihoon , Bonthu Sai Sudheer Reddy , Choi Seungdeog 
Published: April 2016

This paper presents the design of five‐phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMa‐SynRM) for integrated starter and generator (ISG) of hybrid electric vehicle with low torque ripple. When ISG works as starter in order to operate engine, PMa‐SynRM produces 3 kW power at the rated speed of 1800 rpm with reduced vibration by multi‐phase structure. PMa‐SynRMs are similar to interior permanent magnet motors in structure but are more economical due to reduced permanent magnets. In this study, lumped parameter model (LPM) using magnetic circuit design is used in the approach to initially design the five‐phase PMa‐SynRM. Numerical equations are integrated with the LPM to design the machine with its given range of design parameter values. Thousands of designs are generated by LPM, which are then converged to optimised model using differential evolution strategy. In this study, optimisation is done with maximum efficiency and minimum torque ripple as objective. The optimised 3 kW five‐phase PMa‐SynRM is then analysed by finite element method for fine tuning. Simulation results for back electromotive force, flux linkage, developed torque, torque ripple, cogging torque, torque speed characteristics and d and q‐axis inductances variation over respective axis currents are verified by fabricated prototype.
Application of micro–meso hierarchical porous carbon for toluene adsorption treatment
Authors: Liu Fang , Yan Xi , Fan Fengtao , Zhao Chaocheng , Liu Rentao , Gao Ya , Wang Yongqiang 
Published: April 2016

Organic waste gases from petrochemical industry cause air pollution. Due to the environmental effects of refractory organic gas, the development of effective adsorbent is imperative. The micro–meso hierarchical porous carbon with high surface area was synthesised by the hard‐template method. With MCM‐41 as template, this material was prepared using phenolic resin as carbon source. Dynamic adsorption performance of toluene on micro–meso hierarchical porous carbon was studied by gas chromatographic techniques. Effects of toluene initial concentration, temperature and bed height on adsorption capacity were also researched. The results showed that when toluene concentration was 1750 mg/m3, equilibrium amount of toluene adsorbed was 358.8 mg/g by micro–meso hierarchical porous carbon, 79.41 mg/g by MCM‐41. The adsorption capacity increased with the increase of initial concentration and bed height, while the adsorption capacity decreased along with the increase of temperature. Due to strong toluene adsorption capacity, this micro–meso hierarchical porous carbon manifests profound theoretical and practical significance in petrochemical organic waste gas treatment.