bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observing Initial Steps in Gold‐Catalyzed Alkyne Transformations by Utilizing Bodipy‐Tagged Phosphine–Gold Complexes
Authors: Vasiuta Roman , Plenio Herbert 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed reactions of 3‐chloro‐bodipy with R2PH (R=Ph, Cy) provide nonfluorescent bodipy–phosphines 3‐PR2–bodipy 3 a (R=Ph) and 3 b (R=Cy; quantum yield Φ<0.001). Metal complexes such as [AgCl(3 b)] and [AuCl(3 b)] were prepared and shown to display much higher fluorescence (Φ=0.073 and 0.096). In the gold complexes, the level of fluorescence was found to be qualitatively correlated with the electron density at gold. Consequently, the fluorescence brightness of [AuCl(3 b)] increases when the chloro ligand is replaced by a weakly coordinating anion, whereas upon formation of the electron‐rich complex [Au(SR)(3 b)] the fluorescence is almost quenched. Related reactions of [AuCl(3 b)] with [Ag]ONf)] (Nf= nonaflate) and phenyl acetylenes enable the tracking of initial steps in gold‐catalyzed reactions by using fluorescence spectroscopy. Treatment of [AuCl(3 b)] with [Ag(ONf)] gave the respective [Au(ONf)(3 b)] only when employing more than 2.5 equivalents of silver salt. The reaction of the “cationic” gold complex with phenyl acetylenes leads to the formation of the respective dinuclear cationic [{(3 b)Au}2(CCPh)]+ and an increase in the level of fluorescence. The rate of the reaction of [Au(ONf)(3 b)] with PhCCH depends on the amount of silver salt in the reaction mixture; a large excess of silver salt accelerates this transformation. In situ fluorescence spectroscopy thus provides valuable information on the association of gold complexes with acetylenes.
Janus POSS Based on Mixed [2:6] Octakis‐Adduct Regioisomers
Authors: Han Shuai‐Yuan , Wang Xiao‐Man , Shao Yu , Guo Qing‐Yun , Li Yiwen , Zhang Wen‐Bin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA series of regioisomeric Janus‐type polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) with multiple, mixed surface functional groups has been successfully synthesized based on the cubic T8‐POSS framework in two consecutive thiol–ene reactions. The first thiol–ene addition of β‐mercaptoethanol leads to a statistical mixture of multi‐adducts where the regioisomers of bis‐adducts (ortho, meta, and para isomers) can be isolated at synthetically useful quantities by flash column chromatography. Then, the second thiol–ene reaction readily installs a variety of functional groups onto the remaining vinyl groups of each regioisomer, providing an easy access to precisely defined, hetero‐bifunctional Janus POSS nano‐building blocks. The configurations and structures of the products have been unambiguously proven by using 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy as well as MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry.
The Utilization of Amide Groups to Expand and Functionalize Metal‐Organic Frameworks Simultaneously
Authors: Lu Zhiyong , Bai Junfeng , Hang Cheng , Meng Fei , Liu Wenlong , Pan Yi , You Xiaozeng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Junfeng Bai at Nanjing University. The image depicts how to obtain mesoporosity in MOFs by ligand extension with amide spacers. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201504907.
Controlled Crystallization of Sodium Chloride Nanocrystals in Microdrop­lets Produced by Electrospray from an Ultra‐Dilute Solution
Authors: Zheng Fuqin , Wang Dong , Fang Hairui , Wang Haidong , Wang Meng , Huang Keke , Chen Huanwen , Feng Shouhua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractControlled crystallization is very important for crystal growth. The electrospray (ES) technique has attracted great interest thanks to its advantages of facile manipulation of micrometer droplets and the generation of fine and charged droplets with very narrow size dispersion. In this work, nanocrystals with cubic shapes with 32 nm edges were successfully grown from ultra‐dilute NaCl solution (1 µg mL–1) on a millisecond timescale by an ES technique. Dispersed and charged microdroplets were created by ES. In the process, an increase in ion strength and built‐in electric field in microdroplets promoted nucleation and growth. Moreover, solvent evaporation increased solute and charge concentration and decreased the size of the microdroplets, which had a further effect on nucleation and growth. The morphologies of crystals were the competitive results of ion strength and evaporation. Fortunately, these physicochemical properties can be controlled facilely by adjusting the ES parameters. This report suggests potential application of ES technology for controllable crystallization of pharmaceuticals, proteins, etc.
Conventional and Upcoming Sulfur‐Cleaning Technologies for Petroleum Fuel: A Review
Authors: Al‐Degs Yahya S. , El‐Sheikh Amjad H. , Al Bakain Ramia Z. , Newman Alan P. , Al‐Ghouti Mohammad A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEnvironmental regulations on the quality of liquid fuels continue to create more requirements to produce a near‐to‐zero sulfur content. The hydrodesulfurization process has a high running cost and suffers from incomplete removal of sulfur compounds, particularly alkylated dibenzothiophene. Recently, oxidative and adsorption desulfurization procedures showed high potential to take part in commercial desulfurization. The advantages and disadvantage of the newly proposed procedures are outlined and reviewed. Undoubtedly, adsorptive‐based methods have achieved many advances in this area. Particularly, surface imprinted polymers and metal–organic frameworks have manifested an excellent tendency to remove bulky sulfur compounds with minimum experimental effort. This review presents information about the workability, efficiency, and mechanisms of the current desulfurization methodologies for diesel as a common transportation fuel. More attention is given to adsorptive desulfurization as a promising technology.
Evolution of overland flow connectivity in bare agricultural plots
Authors: Peñuela Andrés , Darboux Frédéric , Javaux Mathieu , Bielders Charles L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSoil surface roughness not only delays overland flow generation but also strongly affects the spatial distribution and concentration of overland flow. Previous studies generally aimed at predicting the delay in overland flow generation by means of a single parameter characterizing soil roughness. However, little work has been done to find a link between soil roughness and overland flow dynamics. This is made difficult because soil roughness and hence overland flow characteristics evolve differently depending on whether diffuse or concentrated erosion dominates. The present study examined whether the concept of connectivity can be used to link roughness characteristics to overland flow dynamics. For this purpose, soil roughness of three 30‐m2 tilled plots exposed to natural rainfall was monitored for two years. Soil micro‐topography was characterized by means of photogrammetry on a monthly basis. Soil roughness was characterized by the variogram, the surface stream network was characterized by network‐based indices and overland flow connectivity was characterized by Relative Surface Connection function (RSCf) functional connectivity indicator. Overland flow hydrographs were generated by means of a physically‐based overland flow model based on 1‐cm resolution digital elevation models. The development of eroded flow paths at the soil surface not only reduced the delay in overland flow generation but also resulted in a higher continuity of high flow velocity paths, an increase in erosive energy and a higher rate of increase of the overland flow hydrograph. Overland flow dynamics were found to be highly correlated to the RSCf characteristic points. By providing information regarding overland flow dynamics, the RSCf may thus serve as a quantitative link between soil roughness and overland flow generation in order to improve the overland flow hydrograph prediction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines and an Unexpected 1,3‐Oxazin‐6‐one
Authors: Sandjo Louis Pergaud , Kuete Victor , Nana Frederic , Kirsch Gilbert , Efferth Thomas 
Published: March 2016

Eight heterocycles have been prepared in a one‐pot reaction manner based on the Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis. The synthesis afforded seven dihydropyridines (DHP) and one unexpected 1,3‐oxazin‐6‐one. Their structures were confirmed based on NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The obtained products have been evaluated for their cytotoxicity against eight cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. Two halogenated DHPs (7 and 8) displayed cytotoxicity toward all the nine tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values from 4.10 to 58.90 μm, while others showed selective activities. DHPs (7 and 8) bearing a Me group at C(2) and C(6) as well as a halogenated substituent at C(4′) were more antiproliferative than the others.
Hearing loss and falls: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jiam Nicole Tin‐Lok , Li Carol , Agrawal Yuri 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundFalls are a devastating condition in older individuals. Identifying potentially modifiable risk factors such as hearing loss would provide a substantial public health benefit.ObjectiveTo evaluate the current evidence for an association between hearing loss and falls risk.Data SourcesA systematic search of PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was performed in July 2014.Study EligibilityStudies were eligible for inclusion if they were published in the peer‐reviewed literature. All studies used a predetermined definition of hearing loss. Main outcomes and measurements were fall hospitalization records or self‐reports of falls by structured interview or validated questionnaires.Study Appraisal and SynthesisTwo investigators independently reviewed the literature related to hearing loss, falls, and older adults. We pooled effect sizes from across the studies and performed a meta‐analysis to compute an overall effect size.Results and LimitationsTwelve eligible studies were identified. The odds of falling were 2.39 times greater among older adults with hearing loss than older adults with normal hearing (pooled odds ratio 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.11‐2.68). In sensitivity analyses, we restricted the meta‐analysis to studies where hearing loss was audiometrically defined (N = 6) and observed hearing loss to be associated with a 69% increase in the odds of falling (pooled odds ratio 1.69, 95% CI: 1.18‐2.19). When we further limited to studies that also performed multivariate regression analyses (N = 4), the overall effect size did not appreciably change (pooled odds ratio 1.72, 95% CI: 1.07‐2.37). We observed a potential positive publication bias in the literature. Limitations of the systematic review and meta‐analysis are the cross‐sectional designs of most studies and the heterogeneity across studies (Q = 631, P < .05, I2 = 98.1%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn the published literature, hearing loss is associated with a significantly increased odds of falling in older adults. These findings need to be interpreted in light of the potential for positive publication bias in the literature on this topic.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:2587–2596, 2016
Decreased Palpebral Fissure in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Sanchez Abraham Marina , Gomez Arevalo Gonzalo , Garcia Silvia S. , Mizraji Gabriel , Chade Anabel , Gershanik Oscar 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is based exclusively on clinical criteria established by the Queen Square Brain Bank. On occasion, these clinical symptoms may be subtle and inconclusive; therefore, it becomes necessary to appeal to contributory criteria to establish a correct diagnosis. The authors propose the observation of palpebral fissure (PF) asymmetry as an additional criterion for the diagnosis of PD.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to determine whether decreased PF (DPF) is more prevalent in patients with PD than in the general population and whether DPF in PD coincides with the side of onset of parkinsonian symptomatology.MethodsIn total, 112 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of PD and 112 control participants without PD were selected between April and June 2014. At the office visit, it was established through clinical observation whether DPF was present. In patients with PD, it was determined whether the DPF was consistent with the side of onset of parkinsonian symptomatology.ResultsOf 112 patients with PD, 39 (35%) had DPF clinically evident DPF, and, in 34 (87%), the DPF was consistent with the laterality of parkinsonian signs. In the control group, only 12% (14 of 112 controls) had PF asymmetry. The difference in prevalence of DPF between these groups was statistically significant (P < 0.0001), with an odds ratio of 3.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.8–7.3). Twenty‐eight of the 39 patients with PD who had PF asymmetry were treated with levodopa.ConclusionsAlthough the data are purely observational, it may be concluded that DPF coincidental with the side of initial parkinsonian symptomatology in patients with probable PD is an additional sign worth considering.
Influence of the processing method and antimicrobial agents on properties of starch‐gelatin biodegradable films
Authors: Moreno Olga , Díaz Raúl , Atarés Lorena , Chiralt Amparo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBiodegradable films based on corn starch (CS), bovine gelatin (BG), glycerol as a plasticizer, and lysozyme or N‐α‐lauroyl‐l‐arginine ethyl ester monohydrochloride (LAE) as antimicrobial agents were obtained by both extension‐drying (casting) of the aqueous dispersions and melt blending and compression moulding. Microstructural analyses revealed the lack of miscibility between CS and BG, which implied polymer phase separation, with the formation of domains rich in each polymer, with different arrangements for casting and melt blending processes. Thermoprocessed films were more permeable to water vapour (60% − 115%) and oxygen (70% − 355%) compared to the corresponding cast films and exhibited lower stiffness (50% − 75%) and resistance to break (17% − 33%) and greater extensibility (150% − 190%) than casting films. LAE improved the water vapour barrier and reduced the oxygen barrier of both kinds of films, whereas the opposite effect was observed for lysozyme. Antimicrobial activity against Listeria innocua was observed for formulations containing LAE processed by both casting and compression moulding, all of which exhibited a bactericidal effect. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Numerical study of the spin‐up of a tropical low over land during the Australian monsoon
Authors: Tang Shengming , Smith Roger K. , Montgomery Michael T. , Gu Ming 
Published: March 2016

An analysis of numerical simulations of tropical low intensification over land is presented. The simulations are carried out using the MM5 mesoscale model with initial and boundary conditions provided by ECMWF analyses. Seven simulations are discussed: a control simulation, five sensitivity simulations in which the initial moisture availability is varied, and one simulation in which the coupling between moisture availability is suppressed. Changing the initial moisture availability adds a stochastic element to the development of deep convection. The results are interpreted in terms of the classical axisymmetric paradigm for tropical cyclone intensification with recent modifications.Spin‐up over land is favoured by the development of deep convection near the centre of the low circulation. As for tropical cyclones over sea, this convection leads to an overturning circulation that draws absolute angular momentum surfaces inwards in the lower troposphere leading to spin‐up of the tangential winds above the boundary layer. The intensification takes place within a moist monsoonal environment, which appears to be sufficient to support sporadic deep convection. A moisture budget for two mesoscale columns of air encompassing the storm shows that the horizontal import of moisture is roughly equal to the moisture lost by precipitation. Overall, surface moisture fluxes make a small quantitative contribution to the budget although, near the circulation centre, these fluxes appear to play an important role in generating local conditional instability. Suppressing the effect of rainfall on the moisture availability has little effect on the evolution of the low, presumably because, at any one time, deep convection is not sufficiently widespread.
Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Tautomerizable Heterocycles with Boronic Acids and Its Application to Synthesis of Oxygenated Carbazoles
Authors: Kumar Karampoori Anil , Kannaboina Prakash , Jaladanki Chaitanya K. , Bharatam Prasad V. , Das Parthasarathi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA general and mild strategy has been developed for the selective N‐arylation of tautomerizable heterocycles with a series of arylboronic acids, using CuOTf as the catalyst and 1,10‐Phen as the ligand, under base free conditions at ambient atmosphere. The reaction mechanism explored by using density functional methods revealed that both kinetic and thermodynamic controls favour N‐arylation. This “open‐flask” chemistry successfully applied for N‐arylation of benzo[d] oxazol‐2(3H)‐one and the designed N‐arylated product was subsequently manipulated in synthesizing various naturally occurring oxygenated carbazole alkaloids (e. g. clausenine, clauraila A, clausenal).
Synthesis, Structure, and Luminescent Properties of Lanthanide Coordination Polymers Based on 5‐Hydroxyisophthalate and Phen Ligands
Authors: Hu Min , Yue Ling‐Yu , Liu Chun‐Sen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThree lanthanide coordination polymers incorporating 5‐hydroxyisophthalate (L) and phen ligands, [Eu(L)(phen)]n (1) and [Ln(L)(phen)2]n [Ln = Sm (2) and Pr (3)], were synthesized. X‐ray structural analysis reveals that 1 features a (3,6)‐connected 3D rtl topology. Complexes 2 and 3 are isostructural and have 2D sheets with 63 topology. Comparison of the structural differences between 1 and 2 (or 3) suggests that the different metal sources play an important role in the formation of such coordination networks. Compounds 1 and 2 show photoluminescence and their emission properties are closely related to their corresponding central LnIII atoms.
Non-crop plants used as hosts by Drosophila suzukii in Europe
Authors: Kenis Marc , Tonina Lorenzo , Eschen René , van der Sluis Bart , Sancassani Manuel , Mori Nicola , Haye Tim , Helsen Herman 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The invasive spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii, a fruit fly of Asian origin, is a major pest of a wide variety of berry and stone fruits in Europe. One of the characteristics of this fly is its wide host range. A better knowledge of its host range outside cultivated areas is essential to develop sustainable integrated pest management strategies. Field surveys were carried out during two years in Italy, the Netherlands and Switzerland. Fruits of 165 potential host plant species were collected, including mostly wild and ornamental plants. Over 24,000 D. suzukii adults emerged from 84 plant species belonging to 19 families, 38 of which being non-native. Forty-two plants were reported for the first time as hosts of D. suzukii. The highest infestations were found in fruits of the genera Cornus, Prunus, Rubus, Sambucus and Vaccinium as well as in Ficus carica, Frangula alnus, Phytolacca americana and Taxus baccata. Based on these data, management methods are suggested. Ornamental and hedge plants in the vicinity of fruit crops and orchards can be selected according to their susceptibility to D. suzukii. However, the widespread availability and abundance of non-crop hosts and the lack of efficient native parasitoids suggest the need for an area-wide control approach.
Brief report: Identifying defenders of peer victimization☆
Authors: Meter Diana J. , Card Noel A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBetweenness centrality quantifies the amount of network flow that a network member controls as hypothetical traffic passes between network members. Those with high betweenness centrality within the peer social network based on nominations of liking may be especially important connectors between individuals who do not like each other. This study tested the hypothesis that individuals' betweenness centrality would predict their defending of victimized peers. After controlling for popularity, perception of being liked, and defenders' victimization, betweenness centrality predicted defending. Those found to be connectors within the peer group were more likely to be those who defend peer victims. This investigation showed that analysis of betweenness centrality is a viable way to identify potential defenders in research and also those who could potentially act as mediators.
The impact of menstrual cycle‐related physical symptoms on daily activities and psychological wellness among adolescent girls
Authors: van Iersel Kirsten C. , Kiesner Jeff , Pastore Massimiliano , Scholte Ron H.J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTAssociations between perimenstrual physical and psychological symptoms have not been adequately studied among adolescent girls. The purpose of the present study was to test a mediation hypothesis postulating that perimenstrual disengagement from daily activities would mediate the association between physical symptoms and psychological symptoms. A non‐clinical sample ofN = 208 Italian adolescent girls (ageM = 16.68 years) completed a 95‐item online retrospective questionnaire regarding perimenstrual symptoms, and how these symptoms affect their daily activities. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the mediation hypothesis. Results showed that physical and psychological symptoms were strongly associated. More importantly, results supported the hypothesis that perimenstrual disengagement from daily activities mediates the association between physical symptoms and psychological symptoms, but only for depressed mood and cognitive symptoms. This study provides support for a novel theoretical framework linking diverse aspects of menstrual cycle change. Longitudinal research is needed to replicate these findings.
Molecular genetics of early‐onset Alzheimer's disease revisited
Authors: Cacace Rita , Sleegers Kristel , Van Broeckhoven Christine 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAs the discovery of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) genes, APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, in families with autosomal dominant early‐onset AD (EOAD), gene discovery in familial EOAD came more or less to a standstill. Only 5% of EOAD patients are carrying a pathogenic mutation in one of the AD genes or a apolipoprotein E (APOE) risk allele ε4, most of EOAD patients remain unexplained. Here, we aimed at summarizing the current knowledge of EOAD genetics and its role in ongoing approaches to understand the biology of AD and disease symptomatology as well as developing new therapeutics. Next, we explored the possible molecular mechanisms that might underlie the missing genetic etiology of EOAD and discussed how the use of massive parallel sequencing technologies triggered novel gene discoveries. To conclude, we commented on the relevance of reinvestigating EOAD patients as a means to explore potential new avenues for translational research and therapeutic discoveries.