bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal scan timing for artery–vein separation at whole-brain CT angiography using a 320-row MDCT volume scanner
Authors: Shirasaka Takashi , Hiwatashi Akio , Yamashita Koji , Kondo Masatoshi , Hamasaki Hiroshi , Shimomiya Yamato , Nakamura Yasuhiko , Funama Yoshinori , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: December 2016

Objective:
A 320-row multidetector CT (MDCT) is expected for a good artery–vein separation in terms of temporal resolution. However, a shortened scan duration may lead to insufficient vascular enhancement. We assessed the optimal scan timing for the artery–vein separation at whole-brain CT angiography (CTA) when bolus tracking was used at 320-row MDCT.

Methods:
We analyzed 60 patients, who underwent whole-brain four-dimensional CTA. Difference in CT attenuation between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the superior sagittal sinus (D att) was calculated in each phase. Using a visual evaluation score for the depiction of arteries and veins, we calculated the difference between the mean score for the intracranial arteries and the mean score for the veins (D score). We assessed the time at which the maximum D att and D score were simultaneously observed.

Results:
The maximum D att was observed at 6.0 s and 8.0 s in the arterial-dominant phase and at 16.0 s and 18.0 s in the venous-dominant phase after the contrast media arrival time at the ICA (T aa). The maximum D score was observed at 6.0 s and 8.0 s in the arterial-dominant phase and at 16.0 s in the venous-dominant phase after the T aa. There were no statistically significant differences in D att (p = 0.375) or D score (p = 0.139) between these scan timings.

Conclusion:
The optimal scan timing for artery–vein separation at whole-brain CTA was 6.0 s or 8.0 s for the arteries and 16.0 s for the veins after the T aa.

Advances in knowledge:
Optimal scan timing allowed us to visualize intracranial arteries or veins with minimal superimposition.
MATEMÁTICA EDUCATIVA: RELME, CLAME Y RELIME
Authors: Cantoral Ricardo 
Published: December 2016

En la anterior editorial de Relime (Vo. 17, Núm. 1) se retomó la reflexión de M. Artigue sobre la Matemática Educativa en tanto campo de práctica y campo de investigación para mostrar el deslizamiento tácito que viven investigaciones recientes al incorporar en sus explicaciones teóricas, de forma progresiva, diversas facetas de las dimensiones sociales y culturales en los procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje de las matemáticas.
Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies: Recent Changes (1992-1994)
Authors: Galron-Goldschlager Joseph 
Published: December 2016

The following subject headings of interest to Judaica and Hebraica librarians were culled from Library of Congress Weekly Lists nos. 21–51 (1992) (May 20, 1992–December 16, 1992), 1–51 (1993) (December 30, 1992–December 15, 1993), and 1–5 (1994) (January 5, 1994–February 2, 1994).
This list continues my earlier one, published in Judaica Librarianship, vol. 7, no. 1–2 (Spring 1992–Winter 1993), pp. 72–78. This list is also an update of my 4th edition of Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies (New York: Association of Jewish Libraries, 1993).
The term "Jewish Studies" is defined broadly and includes Old and New Testament studies, rabbinical literature , Hebrew and other Jewish languages, Hebrew and other Jewish literatures, Jewish history (including history of the Jews in the Diaspora), Israeli history (including current events in the Land of Israel), geography of the Land of Israel, history of the early Near East (Assyria, Babylonia, etc.), and more. The list also includes headings that may be subdivided with the Religious aspects-Judaism subdivision and with the Religious aspects subdivision that may not be subdivided further.
Composition Analysis Of Municipal Solid Waste At A University Dormitory
Authors: Báreková Anna , Franeková Zuzana 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The paper represents a waste composition study that was conducted at the Mladosť dormitory of the Slovak University of Agriculture (SUA) in Nitra. The aim of the study was to determine the amount and composition of waste generated in the dormitory and to provide recommendations for enhancing the recycling rates and to improve the overall sustainability of waste management in the dormitory. The analysed solid waste was separated into organics, papers, plastics, glass, metals, cardboard beverage packaging (tetrapak), electronic waste (e-waste), and others. The estimated annual average quantity of waste generated per student of the dormitory is 38 kg. The composition of generated solid waste is as follows: paper (6%), glass (26%), plastic (9%), metal (4%), organic (28%), tetrapak (2%), e-waste (1%) and other waste (24%). Potential recycling rate of generated waste is 76%. Composting is the most sustainable method to convert organic waste into valuable compounds and to reduce the waste disposed into landfills.
Restoration of the Landscape Garden in Veľká Maňa
Authors: Tóth Attila , Feriancová Ľubica 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Restoration of the historical landscape garden in Veľká Maňa aims at the renewal of its compositional values and improvement of its position as a cultural and historical heritage site. In the restoration design, we strive to reconstruct and improve compositional and spatial qualities of the garden and at the same time to strengthen its cultural and social significance and position. The reconstruction plan aims not only at a renewal of the garden composition but also at finding the importance and adequate present and future uses of the landscape garden. The public part of the garden has a significant potential to become one of the community life and action centres in the village. The partial goals of the designed improvements in this part of the garden are: enrichment of the space with cultural and social functions, extension of the path system and an overall landscape architectural improvement of the garden space aiming at the functionality of the space in correspondence with the requirements and needs of present users.
Comparison of Digital Elevation Models by Visibility Analysis in Landscape
Authors: Sedláček Jozef , Šesták Ondřej , Sliacka Miroslava 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The paper investigates suitability of digital surface model for visibility analysis in GIS. In experiment there were analysed viewsheds from 14 observer points calculated on digital surface model, digital terrain model and its comparison to field survey. Data sources for the investigated models were LiDAR digital terrain model and LiDAR digital surface model with vegetation distributed by the Czech Administration for Land Surveying and Cadastre. The overlay method was used for comparing accuracy of models and the reference model was LiDAR digital surface model. Average equalities in comparison with LiDAR digital terrain model, ZABAGED model and field survey were 15.5 %, 17.3% and 20.9%, respectively.
Durability of 28 Ground-Covering Woody Species and Cultivars in Road-Side Planting in Warsaw, Poland
Authors: Swoczyna Tatiana , Latocha Piotr 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Shrub species selection for road-side planting should consider their ability to cope with stress factors imposed by road trafic. In our examination we evaluated durability of 28 ground-covering woody species and cultivars in road-side environment in Warsaw. A dendrological inventory of planting beds located along Niepodległości Avenue was carried out 11 years after planting. The survival rate of each planted group of shrubs (a patch) was determined. Electrical conductivity of soil in planting beds was measured in order to determine soil salinity. Planting beds were divided into 3 groups: (1) wide beds at street corners, (2) narrow beds between pavements and interior roads, (3) road-side beds between interior roads and main roads. The results showed that the greatest number of shrubs was lost in the road-side planting beds, but in the wide beds and the narrow beds there were also some plant losses. The most resistant species to road-side environment were Spiraea × cinerea ‘Grefsheim’, certain cultivars of Spiraea japonica, Rosa rugosa and Ribes alpinum ‘Schmidt’.
Changes of Physical Soil Properties During the Growing Season 2014 – Influence of Applied Fertilizer in Crop Corn
Authors: Šimečková Jana , Jandák Jiří 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Physical properties of soils are affected by many factors. These include the type of fertilizer used. An offer of fertilizers is currently extensive and new types are added, an example may be digestate, which is ranked among organic fertilizers according to Czech legislation. Changes in physical soil properties were monitored on a field trial, which were established on the place of Research grassland station Vatín (region Vysočina, the Czech Republic) in autumn 2013. The field trial comprised different variants of fertilization. Their effects were observed at different vegetation covers. In this paper, we focus on vegetation cover corn, fertilization variants: manure, mineral fertilizer (saltpetre ammonium with limestone) and digestate. The effect of fertilization was observed 3 times during the growing season 2014. It was in June, August and October. The results were obtained by the basic analysis of Kopecky rollers and it was from the depths of 0.05 m and 0.15 m (middle roller). The monitored soil properties were: bulk density, porosity, water retention capacity, maximum capillary water capacity and minimum air capacity. At all investigated physical soil properties there was a positive development during the growing season, with the exception of water retention capacity. The difference was found in the range of changes in various physical properties depending on the applied fertilizer.
Herd Behavior in Emerging Equity Markets: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Vo Xuan Vinh , Phan Dang Bao Anh 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This study examines the herd behavior in Vietnam stock market using a sample of firms listed on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange covering the time period 2005–2015. We find evidence of herding in both rising and falling market employing the common least squares estimation. Further analysis by applying quantile regression method also confirms the evidence of herding during the whole period. The results are robust when we split the data into two sub-periods.
Eliciting Multi-Dimensional Care through Liability and Regulation
Authors: Che Yeon-Koo 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper examines the incentive performance of liability and regulation when a potential injurer can take two types of preventative care, one of which is observed and one of which is not. The problem is studied in a general asymmetric information model, where settlement behavior is endogenous and which incorporates an uncertain legal standard. Contrary to existing literature, we find (1) a shift to a negligence rule may have a perverse effect on unobserved care; (2) uncertainty in legal standards may be socially beneficial as it provides a relatively good incentive for unobserved care; (3) a regulation may not be effective if preventative care efforts are substitutes but is effective if they are complements; (4) an increase in settlement rate may or may not increase the level of care, depending on the cause of the increase; (5) a “decoupling” arrangement with a feature that the defendant pays more than the plaintiff recovers, reduces legal costs and is therefore socially beneficial.
Numerical Solution of Time Fractional Schrödinger Equation by Using Quadratic B-Spline Finite Elements
Authors: Esen Alaattin , Tasbozan Orkun 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In this article, quadratic B-spline Galerkin method has been employed to solve the time fractional order Schrödinger equation. Numerical solutions and error norms L2 and L∞ are presented in tables.
Weighted Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg type inequalities related to Grushin type operators
Authors: Song Manli , Li Wenjuan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe consider the Grushin type operator onℝxd×ℝyk{\mathbb{R}^{d}_{x}\times\mathbb{R}^{k}_{y}}of the formGμ=∑i=1d∂xi2+(∑i=1dxi2)2⁢μ⁢∑j=1k∂yj2G_{\mu}=\sum_{i=1}^{d}\partial_{x_{i}}^{2}+\Bigl{(}\sum_{i=1}^{d}x_{i}^{2}% \Bigr{)}^{2\mu}\sum_{j=1}^{k}\partial_{y_{j}}^{2}and derive weighted Hardy–Sobolev type inequalities and weighted Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg type inequalities related toGμ{G_{\mu}}.
Study on Nonlinear Model of Dynamics of a System ‘Extruder Elastic Auger Working Body’
Authors: Lyashuk Oleg , Sokil Mariya , Klendiy Volodymyr , Skyba Olena , Dmytrenko Victor 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The model of dynamics of a system ‘extruder elastic auger working body’ is developed. The design of an extruder elastic screw working body is worked out. The article provides the proposition of calculation technique for determining of the theoretical dependences that would analyse the laws of amplitude changing and oscillation phase of a system ‘elastic auger working body’ in the non-resonant case. It also provides analytical dependences determining the characteristic features of different geometrical parameters of an extruder working body.
Evaluation of the Impact of Weed Control Methods on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Moldavian Balm; A Medicinal Plant
Authors: Janmohammadi Mohsen , Sabaghnia Naser , Bashiri Adel 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Moldavian balm is an annual herbaceous plant and its lemon-scented leaves contain essential oil. However, weeds adversely affect its growth by release of allelochemicals, and/or direct competition for nutrient, moisture, light and space. Current experiment was conducted to evaluate the different weed control methods including preventive approach (soil pasteurization), mechanical methods (one hand weeding, two hand weeding, and successive hand weeding for weed free condition), and chemical control by synthetic herbicides (haloxyfop-R-methyl and trifluralin). Results revealed that stem diameter, quantity of secondary branches, flower-bearing branches and leaves were significantly affected by weed control treatments; the highest lateral growth was obtained by successive mechanical weed control and two hand weeding method, respectively. This trend was also observed in canopy spread and chlorophyll content. Pre-emergence control by trifluralin considerably accelerated the initiation of flowering in Moldavian balm. However, observation of qualitative traits showed that the highest essential oil content and oil yield was obtained when the plants grew in weed free soil which was pasteurized. Considering the recognized essential oils, the most responsive composition was including Geranial, Geranyl acetate, Neral and Geraniol. The lowest amount of Neral was recorded in postemergence control performed by means of haloxyfop-R-methyl herbicide.
A best-fit probability distribution for the estimation of rainfall in northern regions of Pakistan
Authors: Amin M. T. , Rizwan M. , Alazba A. A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study was designed to find the best-fit probability distribution of annual maximum rainfall based on a twenty-four-hour sample in the northern regions of Pakistan using four probability distributions: normal, log-normal, log-Pearson type-III and Gumbel max. Based on the scores of goodness of fit tests, the normal distribution was found to be the best-fit probability distribution at the Mardan rainfall gauging station. The log-Pearson type-III distribution was found to be the best-fit probability distribution at the rest of the rainfall gauging stations. The maximum values of expected rainfall were calculated using the best-fit probability distributions and can be used by design engineers in future research.
Effects of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Dilong on Airway Remodeling in Rats with OVA-induced-Asthma
Authors: Chen Yujuan , Gao Yanlu , Ashraf Muhammad Aqeel , Gao Wei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe present study focuses on the effects and suggests possible mechanisms of the traditional Chinese medicine Dilong as compared to dexamethasone on lower respiratory tract remodeling in rats with asthma. The number of leukocytes and eosinophils in blood from the inferior vena cava and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted. Lung tissues underwent hematoxylin and eosin staining. The thickness of the basement membrane and smooth muscle or the airways, and the ratio of inner to outer diameter of the airway wall were measured. Levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), matrix metallopeptidase 9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-9/TIMP-1), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and c-Myc(mRNA) were evaluated. Results indicate that treatment with Dilong decreased the number of eosinophils in blood and BALF, decreased levels of TGF-β1, MMP-9/TIMP-1, uPA, PAI-1 and c-Myc, and ameliorated the thickening of airway walls, airway basement membrane and airway smooth muscle. Co-treatment with dexamethasone was found to intensity these effects. The cellularity of eosinophils and thickness of the airway basement membrane and smooth muscle were positively correlated with levels of TGF- 1, uPA, and c-Myc. Treatment with Dilong, either alone or in combination with dexamethasone, could inhibit and partly reverse airway remodeling in rats with asthma at an early stage.
The effect of sewage sludge application on the growth and absorption rates of Pb and As in water spinach
Authors: Rong Wang , Shiyu Liu , Linhao Cai , Jiangkai Lei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper investigated the effect of the application of sewage sludge on the growth rates and absorption rates of Pb and As in potted water spinach. Our results indicated that application of sewage sludge promoted vegetable growth, and the dry weight of water spinach reached a maximal value (4.38 ± 0.82 g) upon 8% sludge application. We also found that the dry weights of water spinach after treatment were all greater than those of the control systems (CK). Treatment with sludge promoted the absorption of Pb and As in water spinach, with a significant (p < 0.05) increase of absorbed Pb following treatment concentrations above 10%, and a peak absorption of As at 8%. Finally, we found that concentrations of Pb and As were higher in rhizosphere-attached soil than in free pot.
Shortfall of Strategic Governance and Strategic Management in the Czech Republic
Authors: Ochrana František , Plaček Michal , Půček Milan Jan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe article analyses the problems of strategic governance and strategic management of the Czechoslovak Government, as well as the Government of the Czech Republic in the years 1989-2016. It seeks the causes and factors that have caused the low levels of strategic governance and strategic management at the level of the ministries of the Czech Republic. It examines the problem from genetic and historical perspective, and from the organizational and human capacity to exercise strategic governance. The study is based on two pieces of empirical research within the ministries of the Czech Republic. It identifies the main cause of failure of strategic governance and strategic management at the level of the central government of the Czech Republic. These include, in particular, the persistent distrust of the ideas of strategic governance and strategic management held by the right-wing governments and the generally low capacity of governments of the Czech Republic to engage in strategic governance. The organizational structure of the central state administration lacks the strategic units that generate ideas for supporting strategic governance. The empirical research of the ministries of the Czech Republic also revealed that policy workers in Czech ministries dedicate a large proportion of their work time to operational and administrative activities at the expense of analytical and strategic activities. The changes require implementation of reforms within the public administration, which (among other things) will eliminate the existing causes and inhibiting factors regarding the lack of strategic governance in the Czech Republic.
An English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) Perspective in Asian English Language Teaching
Authors: Mairi Salam 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe global spread of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) has implications for practice in English Language Teaching (ELT) classrooms. This paper presents a study on attitudes toward ELF which is crucial to its incorporation because attitudes influence the learning output in ELT. It uses a mixed method approach through a questionnaire survey on attitudes toward ELF, which contains a modified Verbal Guise Technique (VGT), complemented with semi-structured interviews. Seventy university students and 4 lecturers from three English departments in Japan (Waseda University and Sophia University) and Indonesia (Universitas Negeri Jakarta) were involved in filling out the questionnaire and semi structured interview sessions. The results highlight positive attitudes towards ELF and its incorporation into ELT (Japan: 3.71, and Indonesia: 3.51). In addition, factors which influence these attitudes (aspects related to language learning experience) were proven significant. The interview sessions also suggest ways to incorporate an ELF perspective into the ELT classrooms. Further, it addresses the issue of the gap between theory and practice in research on Global Englishes in Language Teaching (GELT) where a “conceptual gap” is often found. The study is of value to those interested in ELT curriculum evaluation and design to meet the needs of both ELT and ELF community in countries like Japan and Indonesia.
Chinese EFL Learners’ Public Speaking Skills: An Investigation of Impromptu Speeches at the “FLTRP Cup” English Speaking Contest in the Light of Communication Models
Authors: Lei Fan , Weiwei Fan , Di Huang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe current study applied classic communication models to investigating 34 laureate impromptu speeches at the 2010 and 2011 “FLTRP (Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press) Cup” English Speaking Contest, one of the most influential of its kind in China, to identify the features of public speaking skills of Advanced Chinese EFL learners. The speech scripts and video excerpts from the subsequent manuscript collection with the CD-Rom published by FLTRP were studied. Lucas’ framework of speech communication process was borrowed to bridge elements of the communication models and speech delivery process. Three key aspects of the speakers’ encoding endeavors were under close examination: the verbal preferences, the non-verbal preferences, and the topic selection for exemplification. It was found that successful speakers demonstrated a clear and strong audience orientation. They chose more first person pronouns, fewer abstract words, a controlled number of dependent clauses, clear transition words, and limited figures of speech. They used very few verbal fillers, slips of tongue, a moderate speech rate and varied tone inflections. The speakers also showed distinctive features in gestures, eye contact and facial expressions. They employed anecdotes which shared a common field of experience. Pedagogical implications on the teaching of public speaking were discussed.