bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZATION OF pH VALUE AND GEL VISCOSITY IN PORANG TUBER CAPSULE SHELL FORMULATION
Authors: Maulana Riza , Muhtadi  , Suhendi Andi , Prasetya Farid Adi , Harimurti Sabtanti , Hamzah Hasyrul 
Published: September 2024

The porang tuber contains glucomannan compounds that can expand into a gel so that it has the potential to be used as the main ingredient of capsule shells. This research aims to optimize the pH and viscosity values that can affect the consistency of the capsule shell produced. The method used in the manufacture of capsule shells is the dipping pen method, while the optimization method carried out is trial and error by making 3 formulas by combining glycerin and PEG 400. The results obtained by the gel mass formed by the glycerin-PEG 400 gelling agent have a viscosity value of 586.67 dPas and a pH value of 6.02 can provide a gel mass that is easy to mold capsule shells and obtain capsule shells with elastic characters. The results indicate optimal viscosity and pH values to obtain a gel mass that is easy to mold capsule shells with good organoleptic characteristics.
Keywords: Glucomannan, pH, viscosity, capsule shell.
Type Ia Supernovae Can Arise from the Detonations of Both Stars in a Double Degenerate Binary
Authors: Boos Samuel J. , Townsley Dean M. , Shen Ken J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The precise origin of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is unknown despite their value to numerous areas in astronomy. While it is a long-standing consensus that they arise from the explosion of a carbon/oxygen white dwarf, the exact progenitor configurations and explosion mechanisms that lead to SNe Ia are still debated. One popular theory is the double detonation, in which a helium layer, accreted from a binary companion, detonates on the surface of the primary star, leading to a converging shock-induced detonation of the underlying core. It has recently been seen in simulations that a helium-rich degenerate companion may undergo its own explosion triggered by the impact from the ejecta of the primary star. We show 2D simulations that approximate a white dwarf undergoing a double detonation, which triggers the explosion of the degenerate companion, leading to either a triple or quadruple detonation. We also present the first multidimensional radiative transfer results from the triple and quadruple detonation scenario. We find that within a range of mass configurations of the degenerate binary, the synthetic light curves and spectra of these events match observations as well as theoretical models of isolated double detonations do. Notably, double and quadruple detonations that are spectrally similar and reach the same peak brightnesses have drastically different ejecta masses and produce different amounts of Si- and Fe-group elements. Further understanding of this scenario is needed in order to determine if at least some observed SNe Ia actually originate from two stars exploding.
Competitive Entrapment of Hypervolatiles in Interstellar and Cometary Water Ice Analogs
Authors: Zhou Qijia , Simon Alexia , Öberg Karin I. , Rajappan Mahesh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The distribution of chemical species in protoplanetary disks around young stars, especially their division between gas and solid phases, fundamentally shapes the composition of future planets and planetesimals. This distribution is likely affected by entrapment, a mechanism whereby volatile species are mechanically or chemically bound within a less volatile ice. In this study, we investigate the entrapment efficiencies of four hypervolatiles (CH4, CO, N2, and Ar) in multicomponent water ice mixtures deposited at different temperatures and mixture ratios. At low ice deposition temperatures, we observe small differences in entrapment efficiency (CH4>CO>N2∼Ar) up to a factor of two across species. The differences in entrapment between species increase by up to an order of magnitude with increasing deposition temperature. The relative entrapment efficiencies are also impacted by changes in the overall hypervolatile concentration of the ice mixtures. Collectively, these experiments suggest that relative entrapment efficiencies are mainly regulated by small differences in binding energies to the ice matrix, though competition for the best sites also influences entrapment in more concentrated ices. We use these results to better inform interpretations of hypervolatile observations in comets and related objects.
Magnetosonic Waves Excited by Maxwellian Ring Protons in Space Plasma Environment
Authors: Amrutha  , Singh S. V. , Barik K. C. , Lakhina G. S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive theoretical model for a homogeneous plasma system of hot, tenuous Maxwellian ring-distributed protons and the cold background of Maxwellian ions and electrons is used to study the resonant instabilities of magnetosonic (MS) waves. The perpendicular velocity integrals associated with the Maxwellian ring distribution have no analytical solution, hence, are solved numerically, while the parallel velocity integrals are solved analytically by invoking series expansion of the plasma dispersion function. For the plasma parameters relevant to Earth’s inner magnetosphere, the theoretical model generates MS waves with frequencies from 5 times the local proton cyclotron frequency to above the lower hybrid frequency for a propagation angle of 89.5°. Hydrogen (H+) band electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves are also excited by the Maxwellian ring protons for the same set of plasma parameters. A detailed analysis reveals that a sufficiently large ring velocity, as well as a smaller perpendicular and parallel thermal velocity, can enhance the MS wave growth. The study also explores the role of background plasma parameters in modulating the waves. The present theoretical model reproduces the harmonics of the MS waves observed by the Van Allen Probes in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere. Further, the model can generate MS waves in other plasma environments, e.g., Mars, where the presence of ring protons has been established by MAVEN in connection with the MS wave observations.
Improving the Automated Coronal Jet Identification with U-NET
Authors: Liu 刘 Jiajia 佳佳 , Ji 季 Chunyu 春瑜 , Wang 王 Yimin 宜敏 , Soós Szabolcs , Jiang 姜 Ye 也 , Erdélyi Robertus , Korsós M. B. , Wang 汪 Yuming 毓明 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Coronal jets are one of the most common eruptive activities in the solar atmosphere. They are related to rich physics processes, including, but not limited to, magnetic reconnection, flaring, instabilities, and plasma heating. Automated identification of off-limb coronal jets has been difficult due to their abundant nature, complex appearance, and relatively small size compared to other features in the corona. In this paper, we present an automated jet identification algorithm (AJIA) that utilizes true and fake jets previously detected by a laborious semiautomated jet detection algorithm (SAJIA) as the input of an image segmentation neural network U-NET. It is found that AJIA can achieve a much higher (0.81) detecting precision than SAJIA (0.34) while giving the possibility of whether each pixel in an input image belongs to a jet. We demonstrate that with the aid of artificial neural networks, AJIA can enable fast, accurate, and real-time off-limb coronal jet identification from Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 304 Å observations, which are essential in studying the collective and long-term behavior of coronal jets and their relation to the solar activity cycles.
Resolving a Candidate Dual Active Galactic Nucleus with ∼100 pc Separation in MCG-03-34-64
Authors: Trindade Falcão Anna , Turner T. J. , Kraemer S. B. , Reeves J. , Braito V. , Schmitt H. R. , Feuillet L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We report the serendipitous multiwavelength discovery of a candidate dual black hole system with a separation of ∼100 pc, in the gas-rich luminous infrared galaxy MCG-03-34-64 (z = 0.016). Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys observations show three distinct optical centroids in the [O iii] narrow-band and F814W images. Subsequent analysis of Chandra/ACIS data shows two spatially resolved peaks of equal intensity in the neutral Fe Kα (6.2–6.6 keV) band, while high-resolution radio continuum observations with the Very Large Array at 8.46 GHz (3.6 cm band) show two spatially coincident radio peaks. Fast shocks as the ionizing source seem unlikely, given the energies required for the production of Fe Kα. If confirmed, the separation of ∼100 pc would represent the closest dual active galactic nuclei reported to date with spatially resolved, multiwavelength observations.
A Two-month Mini-moon: 2024 PT5 Captured by Earth from September to November
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos Carlos , de la Fuente Marcos Raúl 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Near-Earth objects (NEOs) that follow horseshoe paths, and approach our planet at close range and low relative velocity, may undergo mini-moon events in which their geocentric energy becomes negative for hours, days or months, but without completing one revolution around Earth while bound. An example of NEO experiencing such a temporarily captured flyby is 2022 NX1, which was a short-lived mini-moon in 1981 and 2022. Here, we show that the recently discovered small body 2024 PT5 follows a horseshoe path and it will become a mini-moon in 2024, from September 29 until November 25.
Orientation Regulation of Class-switch Recombination in Human B Cells
Authors: Du Likun , Oksenych Valentyn , Wan Hui , Ye Xiaofei , Dong Junchao , Ye Adam Yongxin , Abolhassani Hassan , Vlachiotis Stelios , Zhang Xuefei , de la Rosa Kathrin , Hammarström Lennart , van der Burg Mirjam , Alt Frederick W , Pan-Hammarström Qiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We developed a linear amplification–mediated high-throughput genome-wide translocation sequencing method to profile Ig class-switch recombination (CSR) in human B cells in an unbiased and quantitative manner. This enables us to characterize CSR junctions resulting from either deletional recombination or inversion for each Ig class/subclass. Our data showed that more than 90% of CSR junctions detected in peripheral blood in healthy control subjects were due to deletional recombination. We further identified two major CSR junction signatures/patterns in human B cells. Signature 1 consists of recombination junctions resulting from both IgG and IgA switching, with a dominance of Sµ-Sγ junctions (72%) and deletional recombination (87%). Signature 2 is contributed mainly by Sµ-Sα junctions (96%), and these junctions were almost all due to deletional recombination (99%) and were characterized by longer microhomologies. CSR junctions identified in healthy individuals can be assigned to both signatures but with a dominance of signature 1, whereas almost all CSR junctions found in patients with defects in DNA-PKcs or Artemis, two classical nonhomologous end joining (c-NHEJ) factors, align with signature 2. Thus, signature 1 may represent c-NHEJ activity during CSR, whereas signature 2 is associated with microhomology-mediated alternative end joining in the absence of the studied c-NHEJ factors. Our findings suggest that in human B cells, the efficiency of the c-NHEJ machinery and the features of switch regions are crucial for the regulation of CSR orientation. Finally, our high-throughput method can also be applied to study the mechanism of rare types of recombination, such as switching to IgD and locus suicide switching.
Authentic caring in online professional development for early childhood teachers in South Africa
Authors: Van der Westhuizen Leonie , Hannaway Donna 
Published: September 2024

Background: The professional development (PD) of early childhood teachers is of strategic importance in higher education and the profession given the need to improve responsiveness and progress towards millennium goals.Aim: The purpose was to analyse classroom practices and teachers’ experiences of PD programmes, through the theoretical lens of the UNESCO ICT Competency Framework for Teachers to construct an authentic data-based model, which can be used to understand PD challenges and guide decisions about the improvement of education quality.Setting: The study was conducted in Gauteng with teachers from a selection of early childhood centres.Methods: A phenomenological inquiry explored the settings and practices of 23 selected teachers in Gauteng province. Interview and observation data were analysed for content categories and grounded theory articulations.Results: The main finding is that teachers facing everyday educational challenges benefit from school-based support and available media but need additional learning to advance their professional aspirations. The grounded theory analyses of the data highlighted that early childhood practices and articulated development needs are best explained as authentic caring. This was conceptualised metaphorically as garden spaces where careful tending, deliberate planning and various elements of nurturing knowledge may harmoniously be blended. The model extends prevailing theories of PD and the flipped ICT Competency Framework for Teachers.Conclusion: The model of authentic caring is a grounded theory articulation based upon beliefs of practising EC teachers.Contribution: The article provides a comprehensive online teacher professional development framework for EC teachers, emphasising authenticity, care and alignment with global educational standards.
Factors Affecting the Willingness to Take Up IVF among Infertile Women
Authors: Bello Saratu , Oche Mansur , Usman Yunusa Edzu , Tunau Karima Abubakar , Abdullahi Zainab S. , Garba Jamila Abubakar , Umar Amina Gambo , Ibrahim Rukayya , Nasir Asmau M. , Sani Usman Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Infertility is defined as the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. It is a source of distress for couples as societal norms may equate infertility with a failure on a personal, interpersonal, emotional, or social level. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a method of assisted reproduction and may be the only option for couples who cannot have children through natural biological means.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted among infertile women attending the gynecological clinic of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study in design where 203 participants were recruited using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire, and was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.

Results:
This study showed over 70% of the respondents and their husbands were willing to take up IVF as a treatment option if the need arises. However, the reason for not being willing to take up IVF in more than 50% of the participants was because it was expensive.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that the majority of the respondents in this study were willing to take up IVF (71.4%) when the need arises as a treatment option. However, the major drawback to the uptake of IVF was cost and religion.
Long-Term Surgical Outcomes of Bilateral Symmetrical Superior Oblique Nasal Tenotomy in Patients of Large A-Pattern Exotropia
Authors: Pandey Pramod Kumar , Singh Anupam , Jayaraj Sreeram , Verma Rupal , Panyala Rakesh , Mittal Sanjeev Kumar , Kumar Barun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To report the long-term outcomes of bilateral symmetrical superior oblique (SO) nasal tenotomy in patients with large A-pattern exotropia (≥25 prism diopter [PD]).

Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted on 15 patients (aged: 4–28 years) of large A-pattern exotropia. An A-pattern was defined as >10 PD difference between up and down gaze at 6 m by use of the alternate prism cover test. Objective ocular torsion was assessed by fundus photography and subjective torsion by double Maddox rod test. All patients underwent horizontal muscle surgery according to the primary position horizontal deviation and bilateral symmetrical SO nasal tenotomy for A-pattern. Surgical success was defined as postoperative A-pattern of ≤10 PD, the absence of vertical and torsional diplopia, and the absence of V-pattern. The minimum follow-up period was 24 months.

Results:
A total of 15 patients of large A-pattern exotropia (7 males and 8 females) with a mean age of 17.09 ± 7.9 years were included in the study. All patients had bilateral SO overaction of grade +3 or +4 with a mean preoperative A-pattern of 30.3 ± 3.9 PD. At 24 months of follow-up, esotropia in down gaze (V-pattern) was present in four patients with a mean of 11.25 ± 2.5 PD, (range, 10–15 PD). The rest of the 11 patients maintained successful alignment with a mean A-pattern of 3.18 ± 1.17 PD, (range, 2–5 PD). There was significant A-pattern collapse with a mean of 31 ± 9.1 PD after 2 years of follow-up, which was significantly associated with preoperative A-pattern (Pearson correlation, r = 0.7; t[15] = 4.0; P = 0.002). The mean of pre- and postoperative objective ocular torsion was found to be −0.5 ± 4° and −4.8 ± 3.8° with a mean extorsion effect of 4.67 ± 3.85°. There was a statistically significant difference between pre- and postoperative ocular torsion (°) (t [30] = 5.42; P < 0.001), the change in ocular torsion was significantly associated with preoperative torsion (Pearson correlation, r = 0.5; t [30] = 7.2; P < 0.001). None of the patients had subjective torsion on the double Maddox rod test pre- and postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Bilateral symmetrical SO nasal tenotomy is effective in cases with large A-pattern (>25 PD). The reduction of A-pattern and postoperative change in fundus torsion have a positive correlation with preoperative A-pattern and preoperative torsion, respectively.
Evaluation of Histopathologic Findings and Safety of Intravitreal Ketamine Administration on Vitreoretinal Tissue in Rat Model: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sanatkar Mehdi , Nozarian Zohreh , Abdi Parisa , Bazvand Fatemeh 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the safety and histological findings of intravitreal injection of ketamine in rats.

Methods:
Each rat received a total volume of 0.1 ml of ketamine 0.01 mol/L (5 rats as ketamine group) or a total of 0.1 ml of normal saline 0.9% (5 rats as control group) under general anesthesia in a sterile condition. A histology assessment was performed 1 month after the intravitreal injection.

Results:
Lens opacity, necrosis, and atrophy of retinal layers and optic disc were not seen in five specimens in the ketamine group and five in the normal saline group. There was no inflammation in the vitreous, retinal layers, choroid, optic disc, and optic nerve in both groups.

Conclusion:
Intravitreal injection of ketamine in a special dose has no obvious adverse effect on diverse intraocular tissue.
Clinical Profile of Patients with Hemifacial Spasm at a Tertiary Eye Care Center in South India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kalher Manisha , Kaushik Madhurima , Vasudevan Haritha , Narendran Siddharth , Mani Karthik Kumar , Ramakrishnan Kavitha , Rangarajan Viji , Shah Virna Mahesh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To assess the incidence and clinical profile of hemifacial spasm (HFS) and the association between HFS and systemic diseases.

Methods:
This retrospective study was carried out on 85 patients with HFS, presenting at a tertiary eye care center in South India. Demographic and clinical details were recorded for all patients. Of these, the patients who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were analyzed for primary and secondary HFS.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 56.11 ± 12.51 years. The age at onset of HFS was 54.9 ± 12.7 years. The disease duration was 9.51 ± 7.28 years. Male:female ratio was 1:1.17. The right side was involved in 31 patients (36.47%) and the left side in 54 patients (63.52%). MRI was performed in 54 (63.52%) patients and showed neurovascular conflict in 22 (40.74%) patients and space-occupying lesions in 2 (3.70%) patients. Forty-nine (57.64%) patients had primary HFS, while five (5.88%) patients had secondary HFS due to old facial palsy in 3 and space-occupying lesions in two patients. Twenty (23.52%) patients received botulinum toxin A with a good response. Type of HFS had a significant association with hypertension (P = 0.046) while no significant association was present between laterality of HFS and systemic diseases (P > 0.05 each). Multivariate analysis showed a marginally significant association between type of HFS and hypertension (P = 0.057).

Conclusions:
Primary HFS was the main type of HFS with female dominance and predilection for the left side. Hypertension had a relationship with HFS that needs to be investigated further for its causal nature.
Investigating the Effect of Hyoscine and Dexamethasone on Cervical Preparation in Primigravid Women with Term Pregnancy: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Shabanian Sheida , Danesh Azar , Najafi Saba 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Pregnancy outcomes are an important factor in women’s quality of life, and negative experiences have adverse effects on the overall health of the mother and the family. This study was designed and implemented to compare the effects of two drugs, hyoscine and dexamethasone, on cervical ripening and effacement during childbirth.

Methods:
This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial of 150 patients divided into three groups. The researchers, in the early stage (latent) of labor, gave 8 mg of dexamethasone intravenously to the first group, 20 mg of hyoscine butyl bromide to the second group, and 8 mg of dexamethasone along with 20 mg of hyoscine butyl bromide to the third group.

Findings:
Among the quantitative variables studied (length of labor induction, duration of active stage, first stage and second stage of labor, placental expulsion time, 5- and 10-min Apgar and Bishop score), active stage duration (P = 0.000) and 5-min Apgar (P = 0.042) had statistical differences among the three groups. In addition, the type of delivery (P = 0.003) and the percentage of fetal distress (P = 0.001) in the studied groups had a statistically significant difference, and also, in the third group, the cesarean rate was less than the other two groups.

Conclusion:
Simultaneous injection of hyoscine and dexamethasone in primiparous women can reduce the duration of the active stage of labor without obstetric complications, so its use in the latent stage is suggested.
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Produced by a Large Congenital Urinary Bladder Diverticulum: Surgical Decision Challenged?
Authors: Boda Bharath Kumar , Gurugubelli Krishna Rao , Darsan S Lal , Moorthy H. Krishna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Urinary bladder diverticula represent herniation of the urothelium through muscularis propria of the urinary bladder wall. Bladder diverticula do not contain a defined functional muscularis propria layer and therefore empty poorly with micturition. In the adult, bladder diverticula are often associated with bladder outlet obstruction or neurogenic vesicourethral dysfunction. Congenital bladder diverticula are usually solitary, associated with a smooth-walled bladder, and occur in the absence of bladder outlet obstruction. Bladder diverticula are most often diagnosed incidentally during the evaluation of nonspecific lower urinary tract symptoms or infection. We present the case report of a very large congenital diverticulum of the urinary bladder (probably aggravated by bladder outlet obstruction), presented in a 75-year-old man with symptoms of urinary obstruction, leading to chronic retention, frequency, and recurrent urinary tract infections.