bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Science of Practice and the Practice of Science: Pierre Bourdieu and the History of Science
Authors: Tampakis Kostas 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPierre Bourdieu is one of the most celebrated and widely known French sociologists of his time. During his long and very productive career, Bourdieu worked not only on very diverse areas of sociology, such as art, religion, the legal system, and education, but also on the culture of the Kabyle, on the marriage strategies of bachelors in Southern France, and on the sociology of the French intellectuals of his era. However, despite his international influence, his work has remained virtually unutilized within most contemporary historiography of science. This article aims to fill this lacuna. After a short presentation of his main theoretical concepts, I discuss Bourdieu's work on scientific practice. I then present his more historically oriented work and finish by suggesting some ways Bourdieu's insights can be useful for history of science.
Are There Still Alternatives? Relationships Between Alternative Media and Mainstream Media in a Converged Environment
Authors: Rauch Jennifer 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMedia scholars and non‐scholars alike have long sought to discern and describe the differences between alternative media and mainstream media — a task that became harder in the digital age, as online communications blurred boundaries. This essay examines how theorists and researchers have attempted to clarify the term ‘alternative media’ and to explain why this category remains relevant in a networked society. Academics largely reject the alternative–mainstream dichotomy and view these media on a continuum, featuring many hybrids and few pure instances. While differences between the two forms are less apparent in liberal democracies than in authoritarian regimes, alternative media persist in being less commercial, producing more critical content and being more committed to social change than their mainstream counterparts. In a converged context, the idea of ‘alternative media’ with a dialectical, interdependent relationship to the mainstream remains important to many producers, users and scholars.
An intersection‐based trajectory‐region movement study
Authors: Xiang Longgang , Wu Tao , Ettema Dick 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn order to better understand the movement of an object with respect to a region, we propose a formal model of the evolving spatial relationships that transition between local topologies with respect to a trajectory and a region as well as develop a querying mechanism to analyze movement patterns. We summarize 12 types of local topologies built on trajectory‐region intersections, and derive their transition graph; then we capture and model evolving local topologies with two types of trajectory‐region strings, a movement string and a stop‐move string. The stop‐move string encodes the stop information further during a trajectory than the movement string. Such a string‐format expression of trajectory‐region movement, although conceptually simple, carries unprecedented information for effectively interpreting how trajectories move with respect to regions. We also design the corresponding Finite State Automations for a movement string as well as a stop‐move string, which are used not only to recognize the language of trajectory‐region strings, but also to deal effectively with trajectory‐region pattern queries. When annotated with the time information of stops and intersections, a trajectory‐region movement snapshot and its evolution during a time interval can be inferred, and even the relationships among trajectories with respect to the same region can be explored.
The investigation of band gap and N chemical bond structure of N–TiO2 film prepared by N ion beam implantation
Authors: Liu Jindong , Zhao Shiping , Cui Yunxian , Wang Hualin , Liu Shimin , Jiang Weiwei , Liu Chaoqian , Wang Nan , Chai Weiping , Ding Wanyu 
Published: September 2016

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) film was deposited by the direct current pulse magnetron sputtering technique. Then the surface of TiO2 film was implanted by the N ion beam at room temperature. Through this way, N-doped TiO2 (N–TiO2) film was obtained and the band gap of N–TiO2 film was decreased to 2.97 eV. XPS result revealed that N ion was doped into TiO2 film as Ti–N and Ti–NO bonds. N ion was substitutionally/interstitially doped into TiO2 crystal lattice and Ti–N bond was formed. N ion was doped into amorphous TiO2 and Ti–ON bond was formed. The polycrystal TiO2 film could result in that more N ion was substitutionally/interstitially doped into TiO2 crystal lattice, which could effectively narrow the band gap of N–TiO2 film. This work provides a potential N doping method which could be applied commercially.
The extinct river shark Glyphis pagoda from the Miocene of Myanmar and a review of the fossil record of the genus Glyphis (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae)
Authors: SHIMADA KENSHU , EGI NAOKO , TSUBAMOTO TAKEHISA , MAUNG-MAUNG MAUNG-MAUNG , THAUNG-HTIKE THAUNG-HTIKE , ZIN-MAUNG-MAUNG-THEIN ZIN-MAUNG-MAUNG-THEIN , NISHIOKA YUICHIRO , SONODA TEPPEI , TAKAI MASANARU 
Published: September 2016

We redescribe an extinct river shark, Glyphis pagoda (Noetling), on the basis of 20 teeth newly collected from three different Miocene localities in Myanmar. One locality is a nearshore marine deposit (Obogon Formation) whereas the other two localities represent terrestrial freshwater deposits (Irrawaddy sediments), suggesting that G. pagoda from the Irrawaddy sediments was capable of tolerating low salinity like the extant Glyphis. Glyphis pagoda likely reached up to at least 185 cm in total body length and was probably piscivorous. The fossil species occurs in rocks of Myanmar and eastern and western India and stratigraphically ranges at least from the Lower Miocene (Aquitanian) to the lower Upper Miocene (mid-Tortonian). It has been classified under at least eight other genera to date, along with numerous taxonomic synonyms largely stemming from the lack of understanding of the heterodonty in extant Glyphis in the original description. Our literature review suggests that known Miocene shark faunas, particularly those in India, are manifested with unreliable taxonomic identifications and outdated classifications that warrant the need for a comprehensive taxonomic review in order to evaluate the evolutionary history and diversity pattern of Miocene shark faunas. The genus Glyphis has a roughly 23-million-year-long history, and its success may be related to the evolution of its low salinity tolerance. While extant Glyphis spp. are considered to be particularly vulnerable to habitat degradation and overfishing, the fossil record of G. pagoda provides renewed perspective on the natural history of the genus that can be taken into further consideration for conservation biology of the extant forms.
Evaluation of Direct Oral Anticoagulation Therapy in Heart and Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Lichvar Alicia B. , Moore Cody A. , Ensor Christopher R. , McDyer John F. , Teuteberg Jeffrey J. , Shullo Michael A. 
Published: September 2016

Context: Anticoagulation therapy is common in thoracic transplant recipients. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are alternatives to warfarin therapy, but characterization of their use in solid organ transplant is absent. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to describe a thoracic transplant patient population initiated on DOAC therapy. Secondary objectives were to assess adverse reactions, venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence, and drug–drug interactions during DOAC therapy. Study Design: Single-center retrospective cohort study. Setting: A tertiary care medical center including inpatient hospitalization and outpatient transplant clinic visits. Patients: Thoracic transplant recipients who were initiated on DOACs between May 1, 2011, and March 1, 2015, at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center were included. Results: A total of 37 patients were included in the analysis. A majority of the patients were lung transplant recipients (86.4%) with a median age of 60.7 years. Twenty-eight patients had a history of VTE. The primary indication for DOAC initiation was VTE (86.5%). Rivaroxaban (78.4%) was the most commonly utilized agent. Dose reductions for major drug interactions (37.8%), renal insufficiency (10.8%), or both (8.1%) occurred within the study. Two patients had breakthrough VTE during DOAC therapy. Eight bleeding events were reported in the cohort, one of which was considered a major bleed. There was no difference in the incidence of bleeding in patients with drug–drug interactions and without drug–drug interactions during DOAC therapy (26.0% vs 7.1%, P = .154). Conclusion: Direct oral anticoagulant therapy was well tolerated by thoracic transplant recipients. Drug interactions and renal dose adjustments were common.
NEAT: an efficient network enrichment analysis test
Authors: Signorelli Mirko , Vinciotti Veronica , Wit Ernst C. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background
Network enrichment analysis is a powerful method, which allows to integrate gene enrichment analysis with the information on relationships between genes that is provided by gene networks. Existing tests for network enrichment analysis deal only with undirected networks, they can be computationally slow and are based on normality assumptions.

Results
We propose NEAT, a test for network enrichment analysis. The test is based on the hypergeometric distribution, which naturally arises as the null distribution in this context. NEAT can be applied not only to undirected, but to directed and partially directed networks as well. Our simulations indicate that NEAT is considerably faster than alternative resampling-based methods, and that its capacity to detect enrichments is at least as good as the one of alternative tests. We discuss applications of NEAT to network analyses in yeast by testing for enrichment of the Environmental Stress Response target gene set with GO Slim and KEGG functional gene sets, and also by inspecting associations between functional sets themselves.

Conclusions
NEAT is a flexible and efficient test for network enrichment analysis that aims to overcome some limitations of existing resampling-based tests. The method is implemented in the package , which can be freely downloaded from CRAN (https://cran.r-project.org/package=neat).
Theory of Long-Term Technical and Economic Development
Authors: Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid , Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena 
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study was to summarize theoretical propositions about the
main stages of a long-term technical and economic development. Stages
of modern technical and economic development are the technological orders.
The life cycle of technological order lasts for three Kondratieff cycles. At the same
time in the economy, there are three technological orders. The difference between
orders is in ratio and efficiency of the use of substances, energy and information,
the level of labor productivity, capital intensity and energy intensity of production
of goods. The beginning of the formation of the first order can be attributed to the
1720s years. Industrial economy is the first, second, third and fourth technological
orders. These provide a way of gradual growth of labor productivity by increasing
capital intensity and the energy intensity of the national production. The postindustrial
economy is the fifth, sixth and subsequent order. These provide a way
of gradual growth of labor productivity due to an increase in the volume of the
used information. The capital intensity and energy in stages of national production
reduces at the expense of human capital and new technologies.
Executive dysfunction in late-life depression.
Authors: Rajtar-Zembaty Anna , Sałakowski Andrzej , Rajtar-Zembaty Jakub , Starowicz-Filip Anna 
Published: September 2016

Cel pracyWspółcześnie istnieje wiele doniesień, które podkreślają występowanie zaburzeń funkcji poznawczych w depresji wieku podeszłego (late- life depression, LLD). Coraz częściej w badaniach podkreśla się na rolę dysfunkcji wykonawczych w LLD. Celem badania była ocena komponentów funkcji wykonawczych w LLD, a także ocena związku między poszczególnymi komponentami funkcji wykonawczych a poziomem depresyjności.MetodaBadaniem objęto 87 osób z depresją i 100 osób z grupy kontrolnej. W celu przesiewowej oceny funkcji poznawczych zastosowano Krótką Skalę Oceny Stanu Psychicznego (Mini–Mental State Examination, MMSE). Do oceny poziomu sprawności funkcji wykonawczych wybrano: a) Trail Making Test, TMT, b) Verbal Fluency Tests, VFT oraz c) go/no-go task, GNG.WynikiStwierdzono istotną różnicę w poziomie sprawności wszystkich komponentów funkcji wykonawczych u chorych z depresją wieku starszego. Pacjenci depresyjni demonstrowali osłabienie szybkości psychomotorycznej oraz gorsze wyniki w testach oceniających elastyczność poznawczą, fluencje semantyczną oraz wygaszanie. Zaobserwowano istotny statystycznie związek wyższego wyniku GDS z gorszym wykonaniem testu GNG.WnioskiPacjenci z depresją prezentowali znaczące osłabienie funkcji wykonawczych. Stwierdzono związek między zaburzeniem kontroli poznawczej a poziomem depresyjności. Dysfunkcje wykonawcze mogą pełnić ważną rolę w utrzymywaniu objawów depresyjnych. Identyfikacja pacjentów z depresją i dysfunkcjami wykonawczymi ma znaczące implikacje terapeutyczne.
Notes on a Luxo world
Authors: Holliday Christopher 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The impact of digital technologies upon contemporary film-making practice has given rise to a range of fictional film worlds to which the label ‘computer-animated’ might legitimately be applied. But the evident rejuvenation of cinema’s fictional worldhood at the hands of technological advancement are demands that can only be met by a fresh approach to understanding how the digital crafts its unique screen worlds. This article advances the term ‘Luxo’ as a useful descriptor that awards both shape and definition to the specific fictional worlds of the computer-animated feature film. Historically bound to the development of computeranimated film-making within a US context and the release of Pixar Animation Studios’ Luxo Jr. (Lasseter, 1986), this article negotiates the term as a way of examining the intrinsic cause and effect relationship between these worlds’ origins on a computer screen and their arresting, animated activity. By applying the affiliated concept of animatedness to divulge how the animators’ digital thumbprint enunciates the status of Luxo worlds as animation, this article allies the particular industrial considerations with specific textual features involved in the computer-animated film’s fictional world construction.
London 1940-1945, A Europe in Miniature? The Case of Norwegian, Polish and Czechoslovak Exiles
Authors: Jakubec Pavol 
Published: September 2016

This paper discusses experience of representatives of three European small powers assembled in the London during WWII - Norway, Czechoslovakia and Poland. A common cause, comparable setting and frequent contacts created a promising framework for a new quality of their mutual relations that could, eventually, endorse the European idea. This proved to be at best a partial success: The exiles acted by-and-large as guardians of national interests and identities. As such, and owing to their strained position, they paid considerable attention to status as a principal asset. They subscribed of internalization of their foreign policies and learned or refined their experience with its practices. Yet their visions remained rather regional, with only occasional reference to the idea of European Integration. Albeit the exiles failed to integrate the nations they spoke for, they established closer and better informed transnational ties bound to affect European politics in the years to come. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-6336_13_6
Serendipity in Refractory Celiac Disease: Full Recovery of Duodenal Villi and Clinical Symptoms after Fecal Microbiota Transfer
Authors: Van Beurden Yvette H. , Van Gils Tom , Van Gils Nienke A. , Kassam Zain , Mulder Chris J.J. , Aparicio-Pagés Nieves 
Published: September 2016

Treatment of refractory celiac disease type II (RCD II) and preventing the development of an enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma in these patients is still difficult. In this case report, we describe a patient with RCD II who received fecal microbiota transfer as treatment for a recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, and remarkably showed a full recovery of duodenal villi and disappearance of celiac symptoms. This case suggests that altering the gut microbiota may hold promise in improving the clinical and histological consequences of celiac disease and/or RCD II.
Abbreviations: CDI: Clostridium difficile infection; EATL : enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma; FMT: fecal microbiota transfer; IEL: intraepithelial lymphocytes; RCD II: refractory celiac disease type II; TPN: total parenteral nutrition.
Therapeutic Challenges for Symptomatic Portal Cavernoma Cholangiopathy
Authors: Cavași Adriana , Mercea Voicu , Anton Ofelia , Puia Ion Cosmin 
Published: September 2016

Although transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts are most frequently used for the management of portal hypertension, the surgical approach is preferred for symptomatic portal cavernoma cholangiopathy. We present the case of a 25-year old female patient with a portal cavernoma secondary to catheterization of the umbilical vein at birth. She had had two episodes of esophageal variceal bleeding, successfully treated by endoscopic banding. and an episode of acute cholangitis secondary to portal cavernoma cholangiopathy. Endoscopic sphincterotomy and biliary stenting were performed, and were followed by repeated episodes of biliary stent occlusion. The last biliary drainage procedure triggered a massive hemobilia. Since endoscopic therapy was ineffective, a surgical mesocaval shunt with graft interposition and splenectomy was performed with favorable outcome. In selected cases, the mesocaval shunting plays an essential role in the treatment of portal cavernoma cholangiopathy even in the era of interventional radiology.
Abbreviations: CBD: common bile duct; CT: computed tomography; ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; IVC: inferior vena cava; LHD: left hepatic duct; MRCP: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; PC: portal cavernoma; PCC: portal cavernoma cholangiopathy; SMV: superior mesenteric vein.
Accuracy of the ElastPQ® Technique for the Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C: a “Real Life” Single Center Study
Authors: Ferraioli Giovanna , Maiocchi Laura , Lissandrin Raffaella , Tinelli Carmine , De Silvestri Annalisa , Filice Carlo 
Published: September 2016

Background & Aims: Noninvasive assessment of liver stiffness has been increasingly used to evaluate fibrosis instead of liver biopsy, especially in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. The aim of this study was to assess the performance in staging liver fibrosis of the updated ElastPQ® technique (EPIQ7 ultrasound system, Philips Healthcare, Bothell, WA, USA) in the “real life” setting by using the FibroScan as the reference standard and to understand whether the use of the quality criteria improves the performance of the technique.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study: 278 patients affected by chronic hepatitis C referred for liver stiffness measurement with the FibroScan® 502 Touch device (Echosens, Paris, France) underwent measurements also with the ElastPQ® technique. For the assessment of significant fibrosis (F≥2), advanced fibrosis (F≥3) and cirrhosis (F=4), respectively, we used the cutoffs of 7.0, 9.5 and 12.0 kPa. The diagnostic performance of ElastPQ® was assessed using the area under the ROC (AUROC) curve analysis and was evaluated overall and for cases with (a) 10 measurements and IQR/M≤30%, (b) 5 measurements and IQR/M ≤30%, (c) 10 measurements and IQR/M>30%, (d) 5 measurements and IQR/M>30%.
Results: The optimal cutoffs of ElastPQ® for significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis were 6.43, 9.54 and 11.34 kPa, respectively. For measurements with an IQR/M≤30%, there was no statistically significant decrease in sensitivity between 10 and 5 measurements (p=0.26, p=0.09, p=0.71, for F≥2, F≥3, and F=4, respectively).
Conclusion: The ElastPQ® technique is reliable and accurate for staging liver fibrosis. The number of measurements does not affect the performance.
Abbreviations: ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; AUROC: area under the ROC curve; BMI: body mass index; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; LR: likelihood ratio; LSM: liver stiffness measurement; pSWE: point shear wave elastography; ROC: receiver operating characteristic; VCTE: vibration controlled transient elastography; VTQ®: virtual touch quantification.
Prognostic Value of Metabolic Liver Function Tests: a Study on 711 Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Lebossé Fanny , Guillaud Olivier , Forestier Julien , Ecochard Marie , Boillot Olivier , Roman Sabine , Mion François , Dumortier Jérôme 
Published: September 2016

Background & Aims: The prognosis of cirrhotic patients is usually assessed by Child-Pugh and MELD scores. Metabolic liver function tests such as aminopyrine breath test (ABT) and indocyanine green clearance (IGC) have been shown to reveal hepatocellular dysfunction. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the prognostic value of the MELD score, Child-Pugh score, ABT and IGC in a large cohort of cirrhotic patients.
Methods: Between January 1996 and June 2008, 711 cirrhotic patients were included and the primary endpoint was survival without LT. The ROC curves with c-statistics, correlation coefficient and survival were calculated.
Results: Metabolic function tests and scores were strongly correlated. At the time of evaluation, 111 patients had died and 520 had received a transplant. Prognostic ability (estimated by the AUROC curve) to predict survival without LT at 6 months was 0.662, 0.691, 0.738 and 0.715 for ABT, IGC, Child-Pugh score and MELD score, respectively. Similarly, at 1 year, AUROC was 0.738 for Child-Pugh score, 0.716 for MELD score, 0.693 for IGC clearance and 0.651 for ABT.
Conclusions: Our results strongly confirm that IGC and ABT have a high prognostic value in cirrhotic patients, similar to Child-Pugh and MELD scores. They could be developed to routinely evaluate the prognosis of patients in addition to clinical and biochemical data.
Key words: – – – – – – .
Abbreviations: ABT: Aminopyrine Breath Test; AUROC: area under the receiver operating characteristics curve; CP score: Child-Pugh score; DRI: deceased donor risk index; IGC: Indocyanine Green Clearance; LT: Liver transplantation; MELD: Model for End stage Liver Disease.