bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potency of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract Against Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia Disease Caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in Pangasionodon hypophthalmus
Authors: Yuhana M. , Normalina I. , Sukenda . 
Published: February 2017

<p>An infectious disease caused by motile members of the genus<sup> </sup><em>Aeromonas</em>, is among the most common diseases<sup> </sup>of fish cultured in freshwater, including the Thai catfish, <em>Pangasionodon hypophthalmus</em>. Motile aeromonad<sup> </sup>infections have been recognized for many years by various names, including motile aeromonad septicemia<sup> </sup>(MAS), motile aeromonad infection (MAI), hemorrhagic septicemia,<sup> </sup>red pest, and red sore. In our experiment, we study the potency of a phytopharmacia agent, garlic extract for prevention and curing off the experimental infections by <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. In series of <em>in vitro </em>assays, the garlic extract showed inhibition capacity on the bacterial growth. The extract dosage of 25 mg/ml (2.5 g/l) was found to be the most effective among other dosages i.e 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, respectively. Whereas in an <em>in vivo</em> assay using 25 mg/ml, it showed to be the most effective dosage for prevention against the intramuscularly experimental injection of <em>A. hydrophila</em> rather than as a curing agent.</p> <p>Keywords: <em>Pangasionodon hypophthalmus</em>, <em>Allium sativum</em>, dan <em>Aeromonas.</em><em></em></p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Salah satu penyakit yang sering menyerang ikan patin (<em>Pangasionodon hypophthalmus</em>) dan ikan air tawar lainnya adalah penyakit MAS (<em>Motile Aeromonad Septicemia</em>). Penyakit ini juga dikenal sebagai penyakit bercak merah yang disebabkan oleh bakteri <em>Aeromonas hydrophila </em>dan mudah menular. Secara <em>in vitro</em>, ekstrak bawang putih (<em>Allium sativum</em>) berpotensi sebagai antibakteri yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri <em>A</em>. <em>hydrophila</em>. Dosis ekstrak bawang putih sebesar 25 mg/ml (2,5 g/l) merupakan dosis yang efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan <em>A</em>. <em>hydrophila</em> pada uji <em>in vitro</em>. Pada uji <em>in vivo</em> ekstrak bawang putih yang disuntikkan terhadap ikan patin, dengan dosis ekstrak sebesar 25 mg/ml (2,5 g/l) menunjukkan hasil yang lebih efektif dalam mencegah infeksi <em>A</em>. <em>hydrophila</em> dibandingkan pengobatan.</p> Kata kunci: patin, <em>Pangasionodon hypophthalmus</em>, bawang putih, <em>Allium sativum</em>, MAS dan <em>Aeromonas.</em>
Effect of Stocking Density on Growth and Survival Rate of Giant Gouramy (Osphrenemus gouramy Lac.) Seed
Authors: Sarah S. , Widanarni . , Sudrajat Agus Oman 
Published: February 2017

<p>This experiment was conducted to study the stocking density effect on growth and survival rate of giant gouramy seed in the aquarium. Fish were stocked at the density of 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10 individual/l with average initial weight and length were 0.013 g and 5.56 mm, respectively. Fish were fed with silkworm (<em>Tubifex</em> sp.) <em>ad libitum</em> in the morning and evening for 22 days of experiment. Aquarium was siphoned and water was changed everyday for maintaining good water quality. Result showed that survival rate remain high in all treatment (93.5 - 95.5%). Increasing stocking density from 2.5 to 10 individual/I did not affect survival rate. On the other hand growth rate and feed efficiency decreased, while fish yield increased. Stocking density of 2,5 individual/l gave the highest daily growth rate, individual growth rate, growth in length and feed efficiency of 12.94%, 0.0081 g/day, 16.84 mm and 12.51%; respectively. The highest value for fish yield (0,0360 g/l/day) was obtained from stocking density of 10 individual/l</p> <p>Key words: stocking density, seed, survival rate, growth rate, giant gouramy <em>Osphrenemus goramy</em></p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Keterbatasan pengadaan benih ikan gurame (<em>Osphronemus gourame </em>Lac.) disebabkan oleh tidak seimbangnya jumlah benih yang tersedia dengan kebutuhan usaha pembesaran. Teknik pembenihan yang digunakan sampai saat ini relatif sederhana dengan cara tradisional. Pemeliharaan gurame secara terkontrol di akuarium dapat menjawab tantangan dalam teknologi pembenihan gurame sekaligus sebagai sarana pola budidaya secara bertahap yang sedang berkembang saat ini. Produksi yang tinggi akan dicapai dengan pemeliharaan pada kepadatan yang tinggi. Pada keadaan lingkungan yang baik dan pakan yang mencukupi, peningkatan kepadatan akan disertai dengan peningkatan hasil. Jumlah ikan yang ditebar pada penelitian ini disesuaikan berdasarkan perlakuan yaitu 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 dan 10 ekor/l. Pengamatan terhadap ikan dilakukan sampai hari ke-22. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kepadatan 2,5 - 10 ekor/l pada pemeliharaan benih gurame di akuarium mempengaruhi pertumbuhan, hasil dan efisiensi pakan, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup. Dengan meningkatnya padat penebaran, laju pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan semakin menurun, sedangkan hasil (<em>yield</em>) semakin meningkat. Padat penebaran 2,5 ekor/l menghasilkan laju pertumbuhan harian, laju pertumbuhan individu, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak dan efisiensi pakan tertinggi, masing-masing mencapai 12,94 %, 0,0081 g/hari, 16,84 mm dan 12,51 %. Sedangkan nilai tertinggi untuk hasil (<em>yield</em>) sebesar 0,0360 g/l/hari diperoleh pada padat penebaran 10,0 ekor/l.</p> <p>Kata kunci : padat tebar, pembenihan, gurame dan <em>Osphronemus gouramy</em></p>
Peningkatan kinerja pelayanan publik melalui peningkatan motivasi spiritual
Authors: Mujib Mujib , Kurniasih Denok , Rokhman Ali 
Published: February 2017

Officer's performance in Regional Disaster Relief Agency (Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah) Kebumen Regency, based on the existing data in the field, is not yet optimum. This circumstance was related to threefactors namely ability, working discipline, and spiritual motivation. This research aimed to analyze the influence of ability, working discipline, and spiritual motivation toward officers performance in BPBD of Kebumen Regency. The research method used was quantitative analysis, the data obtained by givingquestionnaire, answers were analyzed by multiple linier regression to determine the relations between independent variables: the ability, working discipline, and spiritual motivation with the dependent variable wasperformance. After analyzing three variables, it was found that performance of Civil Servant on Regional Disaster Management Agency Kebumen was good. The result showed that the ability (X1) influenced performance of Civil Servant on Regional Disaster Management Agency Kebumen with percentage of 37.7%;working discipline (X2) influenced performance of Civil Servant on Regional Disaster Management Agency Kebumen with percentage of 72.3%; spiritual motivation infuenced performance of Civil Servant on Regional Disaster Management Agency Kebumen up to 66.1%. The result also showed positive relations between three variables, as those variables were impactful in significant way. Finally; ability, working discipline and spiritual motivation influenced overall performance of Civil Servant on Regional Disaster Management Agency Kebumen up to 78.3%. It means that the greater level of ability, working discipline and spiritual motivation resulted to a greater level performance of Civil Servant on Regional Disaster Management Agency Kebumen, and vice versa.
Toxicidade do nitrito para o camarão Litopenaeus vannamei cultivado em sistemas de água clara e bioflocos
Authors: MELO Fabiana Penalva de , FERREIRA Maria Gabriela Padilha , BRAGA Ítalo Felipe Mascena , CORREIA Eudes de Souza 
Published: February 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade do nitrito sobre o crescimento, sobrevivência e quantidade de hemócitos totais na hemolinfa de juvenis do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei (1,60Â±0,06 g) submetidos a diferentes concentrações de N-nitrito e dois sistemas de cultivo. Os camarões foram distribuí­­dos em 24 unidades experimentais (área de 0,20 m2 e volume útil de 30 L), numa densidade de 75 camarões m-2, em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x2, com quatro concentrações de N-nitrito (0-Controle, 10, 20 e 40 mg N-NO2 L-1) e dois sistemas de cultivo (água clara e bioflocos). Os juvenis de L. vannamei foram alimentados com ração comercial (35% proteí­­na bruta). As concentrações de N-NO2 influenciaram significativamente (P<0,05) o peso final (1,71 a 3,36 g), a sobrevivência (40,7 a 96,3 %) e a taxa de crescimento especí­­fico (0,15 a 2,42 % dia-1). A interação entre as concentrações de N-nitrito e os sistemas de cultivo não influenciaram significativamente (Pâ"°¥0,05) a quantidade total de hemócitos. Desta forma, é possí­­vel cultivar o camarão L. vannamei em concentrações de até 20 mg N-NO2 L-1 por um perí­­odo de 30 dias sem comprometer o crescimento e a sobrevivência.
Seleção de fêmeas de pacu para indução hormonal: efeito da idade e dos métodos de avaliação
Authors: SCHORER Marianne , MOREIRA Renata Guimarães , BATLOUNI Sergio Ricardo 
Published: February 2017

Neste estudo, investigamos o ciclo reprodutivo e a época de desova de fêmeas "velhasââ‚¬Â (FVs) e fêmeas "jovensââ‚¬Â (FJs) de P. mesopotamicus, visando melhorar o processo de seleção de peixes para a indução hormonal. Avaliamos também a acurácia do uso de caracterí­­sticas corporais externas para a seleção de fêmeas para indução hormonal. Para isso, 60 FVs e 60 FJs (10 e quatro anos, respectivamente) foram submetidas a sete amostragens durante dois ciclos reprodutivos. Em cada amostra, as fêmeas (cinco a 10 por tratamento) foram capturadas para avaliação das concentrações plasmáticas de esteroides gonadais e composição dos ovários (biópsias e estereologia). As fêmeas foram também submetidas í­Â uma avaliação externa relativa í­Â espessura abdominal, o grau de rigidez abdominal e o aspecto da papila urogenital. Exceto pela ocorrência de concentrações reduzidas de 17Î±-hidroxiprogesterona nas FVs, durante a época de desova, observamos que FVs e FJs , mantidas em cativeiro, apresentam ciclos reprodutivos e épocas de desova similares (em dezembro para ambos os grupos). Não recomendamos o uso exclusivo da avaliação externa para a seleção de reprodutores para indução a desova, devido a uma imprecisão dos dados e falta de associação destes com a histologia e biópsia de ovário, os quais são mais precisos e confiáveis.
Disaster Profile of India: A Theoretical Understanding of Regional and Seasonal Perspective
Authors: Shah Qurat-ul-Ain , Bhat Shabir A. 
Published: February 2017

<em>India’s unique geo-climatic position makes India particularly vulnerable to natural disasters. The regional and seasonal profile of India has been presented in this paper. The main objective of this paper is to illustrate and explain the basic understanding of various natural disasters happening in various parts of India. In this paper regional profile of India is taken into consideration wherein stress has been given on various disasters happening all over the country as per geographical location of the area. Author also explains seasonal profile of India in which focus is given on the various seasons and disasters associated with each seasonal cycle. </em>
Intra-Articular Vancomycin Powder Eliminates Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus in a Rat Model of a Contaminated Intra-Articular Implant
Authors: Edelstein Adam I. , Weiner Joseph A. , Cook Ralph W. , Chun Danielle S. , Monroe Emily , Mitchell Sean M. , Kannan Abhishek , Hsu Wellington K. , Stulberg S. David , Hsu Erin L. 
Published: February 2017

Background:Periprosthetic joint infection following hip and knee arthroplasty leads to poor outcomes and exorbitant costs. Topical vancomycin powder has been shown to decrease infection in many procedures such as spine surgery. The role of vancomycin powder in the setting of total joint arthroplasty remains undefined. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular vancomycin powder in preventing infection in a rat model of a contaminated intra-articular implant.Methods:Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent knee arthrotomy and implantation of a femoral intramedullary wire with 1 mm of intra-articular communication. The knee joint was also inoculated with 1.5 × 107colony forming units (CFU)/mL of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Four treatment groups were studied: (1) no antibiotics (control), (2) preoperative systemic vancomycin, (3) intra-articular vancomycin powder, and (4) both systemic vancomycin and intra-articular vancomycin powder. The animals were killed on postoperative day 6, and distal femoral bone, joint capsule, and the implanted wire were harvested for bacteriologic analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher exact tests.Results:There were no postoperative deaths, wound complications, signs of vancomycin-related toxicity, or signs of systemic illness in any of the treatment groups. There were significantly fewer positive cultures in the group that received vancomycin powder in combination with systemic vancomycin compared with the group that received systemic vancomycin alone (bone: 0% versus 75% of 8, p = 0.007; Kirschner wire: 0% versus 63% of 8, p = 0.026; whole animal: 0% versus 88% of 8, p = 0.01). Only animals that received both vancomycin powder and systemic vancomycin showed evidence of complete elimination of bacterial contamination.Conclusions:In a rat model of a contaminated intra-articular implant, use of intra-articular vancomycin powder in combination with systemic vancomycin completely eliminated MRSA bacterial contamination. Animals treated with systemic vancomycin alone had persistent MRSA contamination.Clinical Relevance:This animal study presents data suggesting that the use of intra-articular vancomycin powder for reducing the risk of periprosthetic joint infections should be investigated further in clinical studies.
Total Knee Arthroplasty After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Watters Tyler Steven , Zhen Yuan , Martin J. Ryan , Levy Daniel L. , Jennings Jason M. , Dennis Douglas A. 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Despite the success of restoring joint stability and improving early functional outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the long-term risk of developing symptomatic osteoarthritis requiring total knee arthroplasty is higher than that in the uninjured population. The purpose of this study was to compare operative characteristics and early outcomes of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty after ACL reconstruction with those of a matched cohort of control subjects with primary osteoarthritis and no history of ligament reconstruction.

Methods:
All patients who had undergone total knee arthroplasty from 2005 to 2013 at our institution with a history of ACL reconstruction and a minimum 2-year follow-up were identified from a prospective research database. These patients were matched by demographic and surgeon variables to patients who had not undergone prior ACL reconstruction. Outcomes included Knee Society Scores (KSS), range of motion, operative variables, complications, and reoperations.

Results:
A cohort of 122 patients was identified as the ACL study group and was compared with the matched control cohort. The mean age at the time of the surgical procedure was 58 years, and 55% of the patients were male. The mean follow-up was 3.3 years in the ACL group and 3.0 years in the control group. There was no significant difference in the latest KSS outcomes between groups postoperatively (p > 0.05). Although preoperative flexion was significantly lower (p = 0.01) in the ACL group (119°) than in the control group (123°), there was no difference between groups postoperatively. Fifty percent (61 of 122) of patients in the ACL group required implant removal at the time of total knee arthroplasty. The operative time was significantly longer (p < 0.001) in the ACL group (88 minutes) compared with the control group (73 minutes). There were a total of 11 reoperations in the ACL group, including 4 for periprosthetic infection, whereas there were only 2 reoperations in the control group. The risk of reoperation in the ACL group was more than 5 times higher than in the control group (relative risk, 5.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 24.3]; p = 0.01).

Conclusions:
The results of this retrospective matched cohort study suggest that prior ACL reconstruction results in longer operative time and increased risk of early reoperation after total knee arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Evaluation of First-Ray Mobility in Patients with Hallux Valgus Using Weight-Bearing CT and a 3-D Analysis System
Authors: Kimura Tadashi , Kubota Makoto , Taguchi Tetsuya , Suzuki Naoki , Hattori Asaki , Marumo Keishi 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Some physicians report that patients with hallux valgus have hypermobility at the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint of the first ray and 3-dimensional (3-D) deformity. With use of non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing computed tomography (CT), we evaluated the 3-D mobility of each joint of the first ray in feet with hallux valgus compared with normal feet.

Methods:
Ten feet of 10 patients with hallux valgus and 10 feet of 10 healthy volunteers with no foot disorders were examined. All participants were women. Weight-bearing (a load equivalent to body weight) and non-weight-bearing CT scans were made with use of a device that we developed. Orthogonal coordinate axes were set and a 3-D model was reconstructed. Each joint of the first ray was aligned with the respective proximal bone, and 3-D displacement of the distal bone relative to the proximal bone under loading was quantified.

Results:
At the talonavicular joint, significantly greater dorsiflexion of the navicular relative to the talus was observed in the hallux valgus group compared with the control group. At the medial cuneonavicular joint, the hallux valgus group showed significantly greater eversion and abduction of the medial cuneiform relative to the navicular. At the first TMT joint, the hallux valgus group showed significantly greater dorsiflexion, inversion, and adduction of the first metatarsal relative to the medial cuneiform. At the first metatarsophalangeal joint, the hallux valgus group showed significantly greater eversion and abduction of the first proximal phalanx relative to the first metatarsal (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that loading of the foot causes significant 3-D displacement not only at the TMT joint but also at the other joints of the first ray. There is increased mobility in the first ray in patients who have hallux valgus.
Performance of two prevalent infiltration models for disturbed urban soils
Authors: Wang Xixi , Sample David J. , Pedram Shohreh , Zhao Xiao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEstimating infiltration losses is very important for calculating runoff and recharge. However, the accuracy of contemporary infiltration models for disturbed urban soils may not be adequate, potentially compromising calculations based upon them. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of the two most prevalent infiltration models, Horton and Green–Ampt, for applications in urban soils. The data were measured by the US Environmental Protection Agency in a large city for soils with various characteristics of texture, structure, age, compactness, and dryness/wetness. The results indicate both models performed better in predicting infiltration rates for clayey rather than sandy soils, for new rather than old soils, and for wet rather than dry soils. For the clayey soils, both models performed better for the noncompact than compact soils. The opposite was true for sandy soils. Overall, neither infiltration model performed well for most soils, with the sole exception of the new clayey, wet, noncompact soils. The generally poor performance of the models in disturbed soils will likely increase uncertainty in model predictions. This study demonstrates the need to develop improved, more robust infiltration algorithms applicable to urban soils and various kinds of urban development that are based on carefully measured field experimental data.
Monitoring the Level of 14C-Labelled Selegiline Following Oral Administration
Authors: Kalász Huba , Tekes Kornélia , Faigl Erzsébet B. , Pöstényi Zita , Berekméri Eszter , Karvaly Gellért , Adeghate Ernest 
Published: February 2017

Background:Selegiline [(-)-deprenyl] is widely used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease in humans.Objective:Time-dependence of tissue distribution of selegiline following per os administration to rats.Method:Oral administration of radiolabeled selegiline to rats resulted in a pattern of tissue distribution similar to that following intraperitoneal injection. Analyses were done using both reversed-phase HPLC and also by counting radioactivity in various body compartments of rats.Results:As a consequence of oral administration of 30 mg/kg of selegiline, its level in the stomach was extremely high (179.57 µg/g tissue through 54.67 µg/g at 15 min to 120 min), that is one magnitude higher than that in the serum level. High selegiline concentrations were also detected in the lacrimal glands (7.45 µg/g), kidneys (6.87 µg/g), livers (6.01 µg/g) and lungs (3.47 µg/g) after 30 minutes of application, which were higher than after intraperitoneal injections.Conclusion:The relatively high tissue levels remained for 120 min monitoring. Selegiline levels in the brain (1.69 µg/g) and in the testes (1.88 µg/g) were also considerably higher than following intraperitoneal administration during the entire period of observation (15 to 120 min).
Chemical Composition and Microhardness of Human Enamel Treated with Fluoridated Whintening Agents. A Study in Situ
Authors: Petta Thais de Mendonça , do Socorro Batista de Lima Gomes Yasmin , Antunes Esteves Renata , do Carmo Freitas Faial Kelson , Souza D`Almeida Couto Roberta , Martins Silva Cecy 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Dental whitening has been increasingly sought out to improve dental aesthetics, but may cause chemical and morphological changes in dental enamel surfaces.

Objective:
Assess in situ the effects of high-concentration hydrogen peroxide with and without fluoride on human dental enamel using the ion chromatography test (IC) and the Knoop hardness test (KHN).

Material and Methods:
Nineteen enamel specimens were prepared using third human molars. These specimens were fixed on molars of volunteers and were divided into groups: OP38-Opalescence Boost PF38%, PO37-Pola Office 37.5% and CO-Control group. For chemical analysis (n= 3), the dentin layer was removed, keeping only the enamel, which was subjected to acidic digestion by microwave radiation. It was necessary to perform sample dilutions for the elements fluorine (F), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) for quantification using the IC test. The KHN (n= 5) was performed before and after the treatments. Five indentations were made, separated by 100 µm, for each specimen using a load of 25 gf for 5 seconds in the microdurometer. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with a 5% significance level.

Results:
The OP38 group had the largest concentrations of F, Ca and P ions. The PO37 group showed the lowest concentrations of F and Ca ions. The average KHN was not significantly different between the OP38 and PO37 groups.

Conclusion:
Enamel whitened with hydrogen peroxide containing fluoride had greater concentrations of F, Ca and P ions. The presence of fluoride in the whitening agent did not influence the enamel microhardness.