bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A teoria do desenvolvimento e a problemática da urbanização na América Latina: uma primeira aproximação
Authors: Oliveira Milena Fernandes 
Published: January 2017

Nos anos 1960 e 70, a teoria do desenvolvimento latino-americana passou por um processo de diversificação e sofisticação que tornou a Economia mais próxima das Ciências Sociais. A produção teórica deixou o tratamento puramente econômico do problema do desenvolvimento econômico, como a deterioração dos termos de intercâmbio, a geração do excedente e o investimento, a fim de avançar para problemáticas que contemplassem um tratamento que desvendasse a totalidade social. Nesse sentido, a interdisciplinaridade dos temas tratados, incluindo o tema clássico da industrialização, passou a ser valorizada. Ao mesmo tempo que a teoria do desenvolvimento torna-se mais próxima de uma economia política do desenvolvimento, os temas tratados ajudam a consolidar essa sofisticação, mostrando as demais facetas do subdesenvolvimento e da dependência A necessidade de explicar as raízes do subdesenvolvimento levou ao estudo da História e também a uma abordagem das relações sociais como relações de classes. Um olhar crítico sobre o papel do Estado levou a uma ampla utilização da Ciência Política e das estruturas de poder. Um estudo sobre a cultura de consumo exigiu o aporte da antropologia econômica. Nessa reconstrução da disciplina, novos temas foram contemplados, como a urbanização periférica, a estrutura de consumo, a estrutura agrária e a heterogeneidade regional. Este trabalho pretende entender como o estudo da urbanização à periferia do sistema, dada sua especificidade e complexidade, contribuiu para reforçar esse processo de sofisticação da teoria do desenvolvimento econômico latino-americana, principalmente em seu recurso à História e às demais Ciências Sociais, como a Sociologia e a Ciência Política.
O espetáculo dos espaços públicos: vivências e expressões culturais na Zona Portuária do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Passos Flora D’El Rei Lopes 
Published: January 2017

Frente ao modelo de “cidade-espetáculo” que, recorrentemente, relaciona a cultura à concepção de grandes projetos de entretenimento voltados para o turismo e o consumo, este artigo busca descortinar as múltiplas identidades territoriais e expressões culturais presentes nos espaços públicos da Zona Portuária do Rio de Janeiro, que ressignificam a paisagem urbana e sugerem outras ideias ou projetos de cidade. Investiga-se como se redefinem os campos de gravitação da experiência urbana, relacionada a coletivos culturais, frente às ações de “valorização cultural” do atual projeto de “revitalização” urbana – Porto Maravilha; e como esses coletivos (in)corporam, produzem e reproduzem os espaços públicos, recriando constantemente identidades territoriais. Procura-se contribuir para o debate sobre participação no planejamento das cidades, reconhecendo a troca social e o conflito nas transformações urbanas. A cultura é estudada como campo de ressignificação do território e de debate sobre direitos, como o direito à cidade pensada de forma democrática, coletiva e horizontal.
Circulating Modified Metabolites and a Risk of ESRD in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Niewczas Monika A. , Mathew Anna V. , Croall Stephanie , Byun Jaeman , Major Melissa , Sabisetti Venkatta S. , Smiles Adam , Bonventre Joseph V. , Pennathur Subramaniam , Krolewski Andrzej S. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE
Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with impaired renal function are at increased risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although the rate of progression varies, determinants and mechanisms of this variation are unknown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We examined serum metabolomic profiles associated with variation in renal function decline in participants with T1D (the Joslin Kidney Study prospective cohort). One hundred fifty-eight patients with proteinuria and chronic kidney disease stage 3 were followed for a median of 11 years to determine estimated glomerular filtration rate slopes from serial measurements of serum creatinine and to ascertain time to onset of ESRD. Baseline serum samples were subjected to global metabolomic profiling.

RESULTS
One hundred ten amino acids and purine and pyrimidine metabolites were detected in at least 80% of participants. Serum levels of seven modified metabolites (C-glycosyltryptophan, pseudouridine, O-sulfotyrosine, N-acetylthreonine, N-acetylserine, N6-carbamoylthreonyladenosine, and N6-acetyllysine) were associated with renal function decline and time to ESRD (P &lt; 0.001) independent of the relevant clinical covariates. The significant metabolites correlated with one another and with the indices of tubular injury.

CONCLUSIONS
This prospective cohort study in participants with T1D, proteinuria, and impaired renal function at baseline demonstrated that patients with increased circulating levels of certain modified metabolites experience faster renal function decline, leading to ESRD. Whether some of these candidate metabolites are risk factors or just prognostic biomarkers of progression to ESRD in T1D needs to be determined.
Human Blood CD1c+ Dendritic Cells Encompass CD5high and CD5low Subsets That Differ Significantly in Phenotype, Gene Expression, and Functions
Authors: Yin Xiangyun , Yu Haisheng , Jin Xiaoyang , Li Jingyun , Guo Hao , Shi Quanxing , Yin Zhao , Xu Yong , Wang Xuefei , Liu Rong , Wang Shouli , Zhang Liguo 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
There are three major dendritic cell (DC) subsets in both humans and mice, that is, plasmacytoid DCs and two types of conventional DCs (cDCs), cDC1s and cDC2s. cDC2s are important for polarizing CD4+ naive T cells into different subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22, and regulatory T cells. In mice, cDC2s can be further divided into phenotypically and functionally distinct subgroups. However, subsets of human cDC2s have not been reported. In the present study, we showed that human blood CD1c+ cDCs (cDC2s) can be further separated into two subpopulations according to their CD5 expression status. Comparative transcriptome analyses showed that the CD5high DCs expressed higher levels of cDC2-specific genes, including IFN regulatory factor 4, which is essential for the cDC2 development and its migration to lymph nodes. In contrast, CD5low DCs preferentially expressed monocyte-related genes, including the lineage-specific transcription factor MAFB. Furthermore, compared with the CD5low subpopulation, the CD5high subpopulation showed stronger migration toward CCL21 and overrepresentation among migratory DCs in lymph nodes. Additionally, the CD5high DCs induced naive T cell proliferation more potently than did the CD5low DCs. Moreover, CD5high DCs induced higher levels of IL-10–, IL-22–, and IL-4–producing T cell formation, whereas CD5low DCs induced higher levels of IFN-γ–producing T cell formation. Thus, we show that human blood CD1c+ cDC2s encompass two subsets that differ significantly in phenotype, that is, gene expression and functions. We propose that these two subsets of human cDC2s could potentially play contrasting roles in immunity or tolerance.
Induction and Differentiation of IL-10–Producing Regulatory B Cells from Healthy Blood Donors and Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Bankó Zsuzsanna , Pozsgay Judit , Szili Dániel , Tóth Mária , Gáti Tamás , Nagy György , Rojkovich Bernadette , Sármay Gabriella 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The most important feature of B cells is the production of Abs upon activation; additionally, B cells produce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to certain stimuli. IL-10–producing B cells represent a major subset of regulatory B cells (Bregs) that suppress autoimmune and inflammatory responses. B cells play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of the chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, controversial data are available on IL-10– producing Bregs in RA. Our aim was to identify the optimal conditions that induce IL-10+ Bregs and, furthermore, to shed light on the signaling pathways that are responsible for their expansion. The results show that dual stimulation by CpG and CD40L for 48 h is optimal for IL-10 induction, and this can be synergistically boosted by IL-21. We identified the CD19+CD27+ memory B cell population as the major source of IL-10+ Bregs. We detected significantly fewer CD19+CD27+IL-10+ cells in RA patients compared with healthy controls, and these were functionally defective in suppressing IFN-γ production by CD4+ T cells in coculture. IL-21 drastically increased the number of IL-10+ Bregs within the CD19+CD27+ and CD19+CD27− populations; furthermore, it induced the appearance of IL-10+Blimp-1+ plasmablasts. Monitoring the phosphorylation of key signaling molecules revealed that activation of ERK, p38, and CREB is indispensable for the induction of IL-10 production, whereas phosphorylation of STAT3 further enhances IL-10 expression in human Bregs. We conclude that CREB and STAT3 are the key transcription factors responsible for the expansion and differentiation of human IL-10–producing Bregs.
NKG2D Promotes B1a Cell Development and Protection against Bacterial Infection
Authors: Lenartić Maja , Jelenčić Vedrana , Zafirova Biljana , Ožanič Mateja , Marečić Valentina , Jurković Slaven , Sexl Veronika , Šantić Marina , Wensveen Felix M. , Polić Bojan 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
NKG2D is a potent activating receptor that is expressed on cytotoxic immune cells such as CD8 T and NK cells, where it promotes cytotoxicity after binding stress ligands on infected or transformed cells. On NK cell precursors NKG2D modulates proliferation and maturation. Previously, we observed that NKG2D deficiency affects peripheral B cell numbers. In this study, we show that NKG2D regulates B1a cell development and function. We find that mice deficient for NKG2D have a strong reduction of B1a cell numbers. As a result, NKG2D-deficient mice produce significantly less Ag-specific IgM Abs upon immunization with T cell–independent Ags, and they are more susceptible to Gram-negative sepsis. Klrk1−/− B1a cells are also functionally impaired and they fail to provide protection against Francisella novicida upon adoptive transfer. Using mixed bone marrow chimeric mice, we show that the impact of NKG2D deficiency on B1a cell development is cell intrinsic. No changes in homeostatic turnover and homing of B cells were detectable, limiting the effects of NKG2D to modulation of the hematopoietic development of B1a cells. Using conditional ablation, we demonstrate that the effect of NKG2D on B1a cell development occurs at a developmental stage that precedes the common lymphoid progenitor. Our findings reveal an unexpected new role for NKG2D in the regulation of B1a cell development. The protective effects of this activating receptor therefore reach beyond that of cytotoxic cells, stimulating the immune system to fight bacterial infections by promoting development of innate-like B cells.
The Threshold of Protection from Liver-Stage Malaria Relies on a Fine Balance between the Number of Infected Hepatocytes and Effector CD8+ T Cells Present in the Liver
Authors: Spencer Alexandra J. , Longley Rhea J. , Gola Anita , Ulaszewska Marta , Lambe Teresa , Hill Adrian V. S. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Since the demonstration of sterile protection afforded by injection of irradiated sporozoites, CD8+ T cells have been shown to play a significant role in protection from liver-stage malaria. This is, however, dependent on the presence of an extremely high number of circulating effector cells, thought to be necessary to scan, locate, and kill infected hepatocytes in the short time that parasites are present in the liver. We used an adoptive transfer model to elucidate the kinetics of the effector CD8+ T cell response in the liver following Plasmodium berghei sporozoite challenge. Although effector CD8+ T cells require &lt;24 h to find, locate, and kill infected hepatocytes, active migration of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells into the liver was not observed during the 2-d liver stage of infection, as divided cells were only detected from day 3 postchallenge. However, the percentage of donor cells recruited into division was shown to indicate the level of Ag presentation from infected hepatocytes. By titrating the number of transferred Ag-specific effector CD8+ T cells and sporozoites, we demonstrate that achieving protection toward liver-stage malaria is reliant on CD8+ T cells being able to locate infected hepatocytes, resulting in a protection threshold dependent on a fine balance between the number of infected hepatocytes and CD8+ T cells present in the liver. With such a fine balance determining protection, achieving a high number of CD8+ T cells will be critical to the success of a cell-mediated vaccine against liver-stage malaria.
Dysregulation of B Cell Repertoire Formation in Myasthenia Gravis Patients Revealed through Deep Sequencing
Authors: Vander Heiden Jason A. , Stathopoulos Panos , Zhou Julian Q. , Chen Luan , Gilbert Tamara J. , Bolen Christopher R. , Barohn Richard J. , Dimachkie Mazen M. , Ciafaloni Emma , Broering Teresa J. , Vigneault Francois , Nowak Richard J. , Kleinstein Steven H. , O’Connor Kevin C. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a prototypical B cell-mediated autoimmune disease affecting 20–50 people per 100,000. The majority of patients fall into two clinically distinguishable types based on whether they produce autoantibodies targeting the acetylcholine receptor (AChR-MG) or muscle specific kinase (MuSK-MG). The autoantibodies are pathogenic, but whether their generation is associated with broader defects in the B cell repertoire is unknown. To address this question, we performed deep sequencing of the BCR repertoire of AChR-MG, MuSK-MG, and healthy subjects to generate ∼518,000 unique VH and VL sequences from sorted naive and memory B cell populations. AChR-MG and MuSK-MG subjects displayed distinct gene segment usage biases in both VH and VL sequences within the naive and memory compartments. The memory compartment of AChR-MG was further characterized by reduced positive selection of somatic mutations in the VH CDR and altered VH CDR3 physicochemical properties. The VL repertoire of MuSK-MG was specifically characterized by reduced V-J segment distance in recombined sequences, suggesting diminished VL receptor editing during B cell development. Our results identify large-scale abnormalities in both the naive and memory B cell repertoires. Particular abnormalities were unique to either AChR-MG or MuSK-MG, indicating that the repertoires reflect the distinct properties of the subtypes. These repertoire abnormalities are consistent with previously observed defects in B cell tolerance checkpoints in MG, thereby offering additional insight regarding the impact of tolerance defects on peripheral autoimmune repertoires. These collective findings point toward a deformed B cell repertoire as a fundamental component of MG.
PRMT5-Selective Inhibitors Suppress Inflammatory T Cell Responses and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Webb Lindsay M. , Amici Stephanie A. , Jablonski Kyle A. , Savardekar Himanshu , Panfil Amanda R. , Li Linsen , Zhou Wei , Peine Kevin , Karkhanis Vrajesh , Bachelder Eric M. , Ainslie Kristy M. , Green Patrick L. , Li Chenglong , Baiocchi Robert A. , Guerau-de-Arellano Mireia 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), expansion of pathogenic, myelin-specific Th1 cell populations drives active disease; selectively targeting this process may be the basis for a new therapeutic approach. Previous studies have hinted at a role for protein arginine methylation in immune responses, including T cell–mediated autoimmunity and EAE. However, a conclusive role for the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) enzymes that catalyze these reactions has been lacking. PRMT5 is the main PRMT responsible for symmetric dimethylation of arginine residues of histones and other proteins. PRMT5 drives embryonic development and cancer, but its role in T cells, if any, has not been investigated. In this article, we show that PRMT5 is an important modulator of CD4+ T cell expansion. PRMT5 was transiently upregulated during maximal proliferation of mouse and human memory Th cells. PRMT5 expression was regulated upstream by the NF-κB pathway, and it promoted IL-2 production and proliferation. Blocking PRMT5 with novel, highly selective small molecule PRMT5 inhibitors severely blunted memory Th expansion, with preferential suppression of Th1 cells over Th2 cells. In vivo, PRMT5 blockade efficiently suppressed recall T cell responses and reduced inflammation in delayed-type hypersensitivity and clinical disease in EAE mouse models. These data implicate PRMT5 in the regulation of adaptive memory Th cell responses and suggest that PRMT5 inhibitors may be a novel therapeutic approach for T cell–mediated inflammatory disease.
Welvaart gemeten, verdeeld en verduurzaamd
Authors: Wolfson Dik 
Published: January 2017

Measuring sustainable welfare
This paper shows how interactive governance can be helpful in dealing with information asymmetries in the design and administration of public policy. It describes the checks and balances of a properly incentivized mechanism design of contextual or situational contracting that reveals information on diversity in demand for public intervention, deals with complexity, creates commitment to the public cause and disciplines uncooperative behavior. The contractual mode, moreover, discloses the actual trade-offs between rivalling criteria of good governance such as individual freedom, efficiency, distributional concerns and sustainability, deepening our insight in who gets – or pays for – what, when, where, how and why, as the key issues of policy analysis. Evidence from early applications is combined with suggestions for rolling out this new mode of relinking public policy, implementation and external control.
Openheid doorbreekt spiraal van geweld
Authors: Stellingwerff Jolanda 
Published: January 2017

Breaking the spiral of violence. The use of ‘Eigen Kracht’-conferences in cases of violence and abuse
In the Netherlands there is a tendency to make use of the methodology of conferencing circles in case of domestic violence and abuse. The 2009 evaluation showed positive results and since then the approach has been improved, giving way to an increase of requests coming from justice (related) authorities. The underlying approach and caveats are discussed, portraying Eigen Kracht-conferences as an adequate means to unravel the complex phenemenon of domestic violence and abuse, calling upon significant others.
Inequities in Self-Reported Social Risk Factors by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Authors: Nguyen Kevin H. , Levengood Timothy W. , Gordon Allegra R. , Menard Leesh , Allen Heidi L. , Gonzales Gilbert 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceSexual minority (ie, people who self-identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, and other nonheterosexual identities) and gender minority (ie, people who self-identify as transgender, nonbinary, or other noncisgender identities) adults report worse health outcomes compared with heterosexual and cisgender adults, respectively. Although social risk factors (SRFs; eg, housing instability) are associated with health outcomes, little is known about the prevalence of SRFs among sexual and gender minority adults.ObjectiveTo examine differences in the prevalence of SRFs by sexual orientation and gender identity among adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data collected from January 2022 to February 2023 for adults aged 18 years or older residing in 22 US states.ExposureSelf-reported sexual orientation and gender identity.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcome measures were dissatisfaction with life, lack of emotional support, social isolation, employment loss in the past 12 months, Supplementary Nutrition Assistance Program participation in the past 12 months, insufficient food, inability to pay bills, inability to pay utilities, lack of transportation, and stress. Survey weights were applied. Multivariable linear regression models were used to measure the association between sexual orientation and gender identity for each outcome.ResultsThe study sample comparing outcomes by sexual orientation included 178 803 individuals: 84 881 men (48.5%; 92.9% heterosexual; 7.1% sexual minority) and 93 922 women (51.5%; 89.4% heterosexual; 10.6% sexual minority). The study sample comparing outcomes by gender identity included 182 690 adults (99.2% cisgender; 0.8% gender minority). Of sexual minority women, 58.1% reported at least 1 SRF compared with 36.5% of heterosexual women. Sexual minority women were significantly more likely to report social isolation (difference, 7.4 percentage points [PP]; 95% CI, 4.9-10.0 PP) and stress (difference, 12.2 PP; 95% CI, 9.8-14.7 PP) compared with heterosexual women. A greater proportion of sexual minority men (51.1%) reported at least 1 SRF than heterosexual men (34.0%); the largest magnitudes of inequity were in dissatisfaction with life (difference, 7.9 PP; 95% CI, 5.8-10.1 PP) and stress (difference, 6.7 PP; 95% CI, 4.5-8.9 PP). Of gender minority adults, 64.1% reported at least 1 SRF compared with cisgender adults (37.1%). Gender minority adults were significantly more likely to report social isolation (difference, 14.8 PP; 95% CI, 9.9-19.7 PP) and stress (difference, 17.0 PP; 95% CI, 11.9-22.1 PP).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, sexual and gender minority adults were significantly more likely to report multiple SRFs. These findings suggest that policies and community-based systems to advance socioeconomic equity among sexual and gender minority adults are critical.
Infrared Reflection–Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Hollins Peter , de los Arcos Teresa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy is an optical technique used to study thin (often submonolayer) films adsorbed on reflective substrates. Experimentally, it involves measuring the change in the reflectance spectrum of the substrate that accompanies adsorption. On metal surfaces, the reflection is usually performed at grazing incidence in order to maximize sensitivity, and the process is subject to an overriding selection rule which states that only those vibrational modes that have a component of their dipole change perpendicular to the surface can be detected. On semiconductors, or dielectric substrates, selection rules depend strongly on the optical characteristics of the surface: vibrational modes with components vibrating in both the perpendicular and the parallel direction to the substrate can be detected, leading to absorption bands whose shape depends strongly on the experimental parameters (incidence angle, light polarization state, angle of the vibration‐induced dipole, and the nature of the substrate). Application of these surface‐induced selection rules often yields important information about adsorption geometry. Other advantages of the technique include its high sensitivity, down to the monolayer, its ability to operate at high ambient pressures or even in liquids, and the ease with which its results can be correlated with those from other vibrational spectroscopies, both surface and bulk sensitive.