bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antidepressant Side Effects in Depression Patients Treated in a Naturalistic Setting: A Study of Bupropion, Moclobemide, Paroxetine, Sertraline, and Venlafaxine
Authors: Vanderkooy JD , Ken nedy Sid ney H , Bagby R Mi chael 
Published: July 2017

Objective: There is no commonly accepted standard for comparing antidepressant- induced side effects. This study evaluates a clinician- administered scale, the Toronto Side Effect Scale (TSES), in a natural practice clinic. Method: We used the TSES to assess side effects in 193 depression patients who completed 8 weeks of treatment with either bupropion, mo clobe mide, paroxetine, ser tra line, or venlafaxine. Results: Rates of remission (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HRSD] < 7) did not differ across drugs after 8 weeks of treatment. Paired drug comparisons yielded significant differences in 16 of the 32 side effects. We present differences between pairs of the 5 antidepressants in Central Nervous System (CNS), gastrointestinal (GI), and sexual side effects. A measure of side-effect intensity distinguished paroxetine from the other antidepressants on a measure of sexual dysfunction. Conclusions: These results con firm the clinical utility of the TSES as a simple, clinician-administered antidepressant side-effect scale.
Improving the Management of Patients with Schizophrenia in Primary Care: Assessing Learning Needs as a First Step
Authors: Toews John , Lockyer Jocelyn , Addington Donald , McDougall Gerald , Ward Richard , Simpson Elizabeth 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To assess family physician learning needs related to the care of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Questionnaires were mailed to all family physicians and general practitioners practising in southern Alberta. Physicians were asked to indicate the number of patients with schizophrenia cared for, their interest in improving the care they provided, their preferred learning methods, and the content they wished to learn. Results: A total of 539 surveys were returned for a return rate of 43.8%. Over half of the physicians (53.5%) indicated that they saw 1 to 2 patients with schizophrenia each month. Almost half (48.5%) indicated they were somewhat or very interested in increasing the care provided. Primary learning needs included increasing their knowledge of psychopharmacologic agents and monitoring and adjusting medications. Lectures and half-day workshops were the preferred learning methods. Conclusion: Our study was helpful in identifying the types of education that physicians wanted as well as the duration of the programming prior to the development of teaching interventions.
Depressive Symptoms Attributable to Medication Exposure in a Medical Inpatient Population
Authors: Patten Scott B , Williams Jeanne VA , Love Edgar J 
Published: July 2017

Objective: Exposure to certain drugs—angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, corticosteroids, H2 blockers, and sedative hypnotics—may be associated with an increased risk of depression. These drugs are commonly used in inpatient medical therapeutics. Since population attributable risk (PAR) is generally related both to strength of association and to the frequency of exposure to a risk factor, the PAR of depressive symptoms associated with these drug exposures is potentially high. The objective of this study was to estimate the depressive symptoms population attributable risk percent (PAR%) in a medical inpatient population. Methods: A prospective cohort design was used in this study. Nondepressed, nondrug-exposed subjects (N = 178) were selected from a series of 369 newly admitted medical inpatients at the Calgary General Hospital. Eighty-six of these 178 subjects were prescribed one of the drugs in question, forming an exposed cohort. The remaining subjects formed a nonexposed cohort. Depressive symptoms and associated psychosocial variables were measured in both subgroups during the hospital stay. Results: Seventeen of the 86 exposed subjects and 5 of the 92 nonexposed subjects developed incident depressive symptoms during their stay in hospital. The PAR% associated with drug exposure (56.0%) exceeded that associated with poverty (17.9%) or unemployment (21.7%). Conclusions: Drug exposures may have a sizeable impact on the incidence of depressive symptoms in medical inpatient populations.
Depth of eCO2 Fractional Resurfacing with 3 Different Spot Sizes on Facial Skin in vivo
Authors: Husain Amina , Reddy Usha P. , Cummings Thomas , Richard Michael J. , Woodward Julie A. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: To estimate the depth of laser vaporization of microthermal zones and surrounding thermocoagulation with the eCO2 laser. Materials and Methods: Pretragal skin was lased with 3 spot sizes (120, 300, and 1000 μm), and each spot size was lased at 5 different fluences. The 15 different lased areas were then biopsied. Results: For the 120-μm tip, as the power increases from 80 to 160 mJ, the depth of laser penetration increased from 520 to 900 μm. Total coagulative effect increased from 720 to 1000 μm. For the 300-μm tip, as the power increases from 100 to 180 mJ, the depth of laser penetration increased from 200 to 550 μm. Total coagulative effect increased from 320 to 720 μm. For the 1-mm tip, as power increased from 60 to 220 mJ, the depth of laser penetration hovered around 125 to 150 μm. Total coagulative effect increased from 150 to 350 μm. Conclusion: The 120-μm tip allows for the deepest penetration into facial skin with the least amount of surface area ablated. The 300-μm tip allows for an intermediate level of penetration into the dermis and an intermediate amount of surface ablation. The 1000-μm tip can be used to fully ablate epidermis as in traditional laser resurfacing. Traditional CO2 lasers ablate the entire epidermis, which provides excellent results at the price of prolonged healing times and erythema. These lasers worked with larger spot sizes, often as much as 2.25 mm, and at fluences of about 7–8 J/cm2. Fractional CO2 lasers focus the same amount of energy into the skin in microscopic thermal zones as small as 120 μm, which create fluences of nearly 100 times those of traditional lasers. This results in tissue ablation past the epidermis and through the papillary dermis into the reticular dermis in these narrow zones while leaving the surrounding epidermis intact. These areas of undisturbed tissue allow for more rapid healing. The theory is that the deep penetration into the reticular dermis allows for deep collagen neogenesis, which is good for rhytid improvement while maintaining a rapid healing time.
Vaginal Fractional CO2 Laser: A Minimally Invasive Option for Vaginal Rejuvenation
Authors: Gaspar Adrian , Addamo Gabriel , Brandi Hugo 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: To provide evidence that the use of a fractional CO2 laser in combination with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) locally in the vagina mucous with minimal to moderate atrophy and pelvic floor exercise with perineometer would have effects of greater impact in the 3 layers of vaginal walls, including an important decrease of discomfort during sex. Materials and Methods: The study was composed of 2 groups: a study group and a control group. The main consultation purposes were vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, and local irritation. The study group underwent PRP, CO2 laser, and pelvic exercise, whereas only PRP and pelvic exercise were applied to the control group. We used a special vaginal scanner, which was able to fractionize the laser and could be inserted in the vagina. Both groups were evaluated with a sexual questionnaire and vaginal biopsies. Results: An important improvement of vaginal mucous histology and a decrease of discomfort during sex were observed in most patients in the study group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Through the local use of vaginal fractional CO2 laser, PRP, and pelvic floor exercises in women with symptoms of vaginal atrophy, beneficial effects are exerted in the 3 layers of the vagina rather than only the epithelium, as achieved with estrogens. We also observed a significant decrease of discomfort during sex. More data will be needed to better address the use of this new procedure.
Radiofrequency and Laser Lipolysis: Efficacy of Combined Skin Tightening and Fat Reduction
Authors: Van Dyke Susan , Anderson Heather , Hays Geoffrey 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Combining laser lipolysis and radiofrequency is a logical approach to achieve skin tightening and fat reduction without liposuction. We explore the practicality and value of combining laser lipolysis and monopolar radiofrequency to achieve skin tightening and localized fat reduction in the submental, neck, and jowl areas. Morbidity, patient acceptance, and patient satisfaction were assessed. Materials and Methods: Ten patients had laser lipolysis of the submental, neck, and jowl areas. Thirteen patients were treated with monopolar radiofrequency of the face and neck. Thirteen patients underwent a combination procedure that consisted of monopolar radiofrequency of the face and neck and laser lipolysis of the submental, neck, and jowl areas. Some patients received massage/low-level diode treatments. Patients' results were rated by 4 blinded evaluators. Study participants completed a questionnaire to rate their experience, results, and satisfaction. Results: Combining laser lipolysis and monopolar radiofrequency does not increase the morbidity of either procedure. Blind photographic evaluation indicates a trend toward better results when laser lipolysis is part of the treatment. Overall patient satisfaction was good but trended lowest in the laser lipolysis only group. Conclusions: This study shows no additive value when monopolar radiofrequency and laser lipolysis are combined. We believe that methods to maximally stimulate collagen through dermal heating need to be thoroughly investigated. The ability to reduce fat in a significant way without liposuction is intriguing. Laser lipolysis, without liposuction, and noninvasive radiofrequency appear to have value. Laser lipolysis results have been difficult to evaluate because of simultaneous liposuction.
Thigh Augmentation: Giving the Average Woman Curves in the Right Places
Authors: Chugay Nikolas V. , Chugay Paul N. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: The curvaceous woman is in vogue again. Breasts are getting bigger, buttocks are getting fuller, and there is increasing demand for a fuller, more curvaceous look to the thighs. Some women have very slender thighs because of genetics or a vigorous exercise program. For those who have this problem, we have designed a solution: a custom implant that slides beneath the fascia lata and gives a bit more curve to the lateral thigh region. Materials and Methods: A 3-cm incision is made in the transverse plane of the thigh, and dissection is carried down to the fascia lata. A pocket is created below the fascia using blunt dissection. Once the pocket is created, a custom-made lateral thigh prosthesis (AART Corp, Reno, Nev) is inserted into the subfascial plane. Closure is then performed in layers. Results: To date, 18 patients have received lateral thigh prosthesis implantation. All patients were satisfied with the procedure and had no major complications associated with the procedure. One patient presented within 1 week of surgery complaining of some tightness in the area of the implant, raising the concern of compartment syndrome. The patient was observed and her symptoms resolved without further sequelae. No other complications or reoperations were noted in the study period. Conclusions: This implant procedure helps the average woman achieve a fuller appearance in the thigh without significant risk or morbidity.
The proportions of Down's syndrome pregnancies detected prenatally in England and Wales from 1989 to 2004
Authors: Morris J K , Alberman E , Mutton D 
Published: July 2017

Objectives The proportion of Down's syndrome pregnancies detected prenatally in England and Wales is lower in younger mothers than in older mothers. This paper examines the reasons for this apparent age inequality. Methods We used data from the National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register (NDSCR) to examine the time trend of the proportion of Down's syndrome pregnancies diagnosed prenatally according to maternal age over the years 1989–2004 in England and Wales. Results A lower proportion of younger mothers had their Down's syndrome pregnancy detected prenatally than older mothers; however, this gap has been closing over time. For example, for mothers under 25 years of age only 13% of Down's syndrome pregnancies were detected prenatally from 1989 to 1992, with this figure rising to 34% in 2001–2004, compared with proportions of 74% in both periods for mothers over 44 years of age. A lower uptake of screening among younger women could not explain these differences. The differences in detection rates of the screening methods according to maternal age, particularly of the older screening tests, could account for these differences. Conclusions The closing gap between the proportions of younger and older women having their affected pregnancy prenatally diagnosed is a confirmation of the improvement of screening methods over time.
Validation plots in antenatal screening for Down's syndrome
Authors: Wald N J , Bestwick J P , Huttly W J , Morris J K , George L M 
Published: July 2017

Objective To validate empirically the accuracy of antenatal Down's syndrome screening using the Integrated test, to compare this with other screening tests (including the Integrated test with the addition of cross trimester [CT] marker ratios) and to suggest how such validation analyses should be presented and interpreted. Methods Using data from 7809 unaffected and 27 Down's syndrome pregnancies that had had an Integrated test, risk estimates for various screening tests (maternal age, Double, Triple, Quadruple, Combined, Integrated and serum Integrated tests) that use Integrated test markers were categorized according to quintile categories of risk estimates of the 27 affected pregnancies. For each screening test, the median risk estimate for each category was plotted against the observed prevalence within each category. Such validation plots were also produced for the Integrated test with CT marker ratios by measuring the level of the serum markers in the trimester of pregnancy not already measured in stored samples of all affected and a one-in-five sample of unaffected pregnancies. The robustness of the method was assessed by repeating the analysis for the Integrated test after re-classifying affected pregnancies with low risk estimates as unaffected, simulating the underascertainment of cases. Results The validation plots (i) confirmed the accuracy of risk estimation for the different tests (by how close the points lay to the line of identity between predicted risk and observed prevalence), (ii) demonstrated the differences in screening performance of the different tests (by the range of risk spanned by the points and, in particular, the separation between the points representing the lowest risk and the next point), and (iii) are robust to underascertainment of affected pregnancies (by having little influence on the closeness of the points to the line of identity). Conclusion The validation plot is a useful, simple and robust way to assess the validity of new screening methods, to assess the accuracy of risk estimation and to audit the performance of screening programmes.
Marriage and cancer prevention: Does marital status and inviting both spouses together influence colorectal cancer screening participation?
Authors: Van Jaarsveld Cornelia H M , Miles Anne , Edwards Rob , Wardle Jane 
Published: July 2017

Objectives This study examined the influence of marital status and inviting both partners together on participation in colorectal cancer screening. Setting Data were from a subset of participants from the UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Trial (1996–1999). Methods Marital status was self-reported, and co-invitation of partner was obtained from the trial database. Screening intentions were assessed in 16,527 adults aged 55–64 years. Attendance was recorded in the 4130 respondents who were subsequently invited. Results Multivariate analyses, controlling for age and educational level, indicate that married (or cohabiting) people have more positive intentions (odds ratio [OR] 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.38) and higher attendance rates at screening (OR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.04–1.45) than non-married people. After adjusting for the marriage effect, inviting partners together (co-invitation) significantly increased screening intentions among women (OR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.04–1.31) but not men (OR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.85–1.10). Co-invitation significantly increased attendance at screening in both genders (OR = 1.34; 95% CI 1.14–1.58). Conclusions In this age group, married adults are more likely to participate in colorectal cancer screening than the non-married, and inviting both members of a couple together further increases screening uptake. The positive effect of marriage was as strong for women as men.
The effect of data quality at the time of introduction of population-based screening on the estimate of programme impact using surrogate outcome measures
Authors: Bennett R L , Blanks R G , Moss S M , Roche M F 
Published: July 2017

Objective The aim of this study was to examine the availability and quality of surrogate outcome measure data to enable the evaluation of the breast screening programme. As the observed effect on mortality of a screening programme occurs many years after the introduction of screening, surrogate outcome measures offer an attractive alternative, allowing estimates of the effect to be calculated earlier. Methods The exercise was undertaken by the Oxford Cancer Intelligence Unit and the Cancer Screening Evaluation Unit in collaboration with cancer registries in England, Scotland and Wales. Results The conclusion of the exercise was that, in general, the available data quality was insufficient to allow a precise estimate of the overall mortality reduction from breast screening to be made using surrogate measures. Conclusions When a screening programme is started, it is vital that forward planning is undertaken to ensure that the necessary information is ready to be collected before the start of the programme. The use of surrogate measures is dependent on high-quality data in the uninvited group of women (pre-screening or from a staggered start over areas), and improving data quality over time after the start of the programme is of very limited value for a surrogate measures approach. The collection of appropriate high-quality information before the programme starts is, therefore, critical to measuring the success of the programme. Cancer registries and staff within the screening programme need to be ready to collect the appropriate data before the introduction of a screening programme. The exercise undertaken therefore has important implications where new screening programmes are being considered.
Women and Development - A Case for Development of Women Entrepreneurship? With Special Reference to Indian Women
Authors: Sethi Jyotsna 
Published: July 2017

Economic independence is a pre-requisite for women's movement towards gender equality. It is high time that the planners realise that women are contributories in the development process and not mere beneficiaries- they do not need welfare schemes but income generation opportunities. Regardless of social taboos more and more women are being pushed towards paid employment because of economic hardships. Development of women entrepreneurship will serve the dual purpose of empowering women and speeding up the process of economic development. For governments and planners are increasingly realising that economic growth cannot be manufactured by fine tuning, tax and regulatory policies alone, for the existence of a basketball and a court does not guarantee the game and the players. It is the entrepreneur who acts as a spark plug and propels the economy to higher levels of growth and development. An effort to assess the role of women entrepreneurship, in emancipation of women and in the development of the nation is vital to the needs of our times. In accordance with the issues cited above, this paper is divided into four sections, section 1 tries to capture the relationship between women and development. Section 2 highlights the need for promoting entrepreneurship among women, section 3 outlines the profile of a women entrepreneur, her enterprise and the impediments faced by her whereas the last section contains the summary and suggestions.
Placement Opportunities for Human Factors Engineering and Ergonomics Professionals
Authors: Moroney William F. , Proulx Nicole L. , Parker Christopher W. 
Published: July 2017

During the period from November 1995 through October 1996, the Placement Service of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society distributed announcements describing 195 positions available for human factors engineers and ergonomics professionals. These announcements were divided into two groups according to employment sector and position type. This paper provides an overview of employment opportunities available in all sectors, and an examination of announced academic and internship positions. Its sequel describes positions available in industry, government and consulting positions (N=162). The attributes of the position announcements examined include: degree requirements, major field of study, areas of expertise, required work experience, salary, geographic location, job description and skills required. Ninety-six percent of the positions were available in industry, consulting, and government/military. Fifty-one percent of the positions describe the masters degree as the minimum requirement. Eight academic and twenty-five internship positions were announced. The major fields of study most frequently specified for these positions were human factors, psychology and engineering. The most frequently cited area of expertise for academics was Human Computer Interaction (HCI), followed by aerospace, aging, and transportation. Among internships, knowledge of human-computer interaction was most frequently cited. Professional skills and expectations of interns are also discussed.
Using PEBBLES to Facilitate Remote Communication and Learning
Authors: Williams Laurel A. , Fels Deborah I. , Smith Graham , Treviranus Jutta , Eagleson Roy 
Published: July 2017

When a student is away from school for an extended time due to illness, s/he is provided with a tutor or in-hospital classrooms to keep up with studies. This isolates the child from normal classroom experiences. A remote controlled communication system, PEBBLES (Providing Education By Bringing Learning Environments to Students), was developed which allows a remote student to communicate with his/her regular class and provides the student with a classroom presence. Two case studies were conducted to examine the effectiveness of PEBBLES in allowing a student to participate in the classroom, to communicate with his/her teacher and classmates, and to have a distinct presence in the classroom. Results indicate that the students can communicate successfully using PEBBLES. The remote participants appeared to have a presence in the classroom environment and were positive about their experiences. Gaining the attention of the instructor through the system seemed to be more difficult.