bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chilli Cakes: A Nature-Based Solution for Enhancing Human-Wildlife Coexistence and Socio-Economic Resilience in Zimbabwe
Authors: Dahwa Everson , Murray Darrel , Chrispen Murungweni 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Gonarezhou National Park (GNP) in Zimbabwe is home to a thriving population of African elephants (
Loxodonta africana
). However, this population faces constant threats stemming from human encroachment and habitat degradation, exacerbated by unplanned cultivation and a growing number of domestic livestock. As human and elephant interactions increase, so does the incidence of human-elephant conflict (HEC), posing a significant risk to both communities and elephants alike. This conflict jeopardizes the survival of elephants that venture beyond the confines of the protected area. In defence, the farmers employ various strategies to minimize HECs, including burning chilli peppers, beating drums and fire, deploying bee hives, employing dogs, and utilizing other defensive measures. A study conducted in 2019 identified HEC hot spots through GPS-tracking elephants. A collaboration with affected farmers was then sought in developing a more sustainable solution for mitigating HEC. As a result, a novel product named “Chilli Cake” was developed, drawing upon traditional knowledge and innovative science techniques to deter elephants from raiding crops. The chilli cake initiative successfully reduced HECs and improved crop protection for farmers in Malipati. These findings carry significant implications for elephant conservation through the promotion of coexistence between wildlife and people while promoting community resilience which is the basis for sustainable development in Zimbabwe and beyond.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Laser-assisted radiative recombination in a cold hydrogen plasma
Authors: Fabrikant I I , Ambalampitiya H B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the process of laser-assisted radiative recombination of an electron with a proton in a cold hydrogen plasma employing the semiclassical Kramers’ approach which involves calculation of classical trajectories in combined laser and Coulomb fields and the use of the correspondence principle. Due to the Coulomb focusing effect, recombination is the most effective when the initial electron momentum is parallel to the laser polarization. Orders of magnitude enhancement of the cross section, as compared to the laser-free case, is observed in this case. With increasing angle between the electron momentum and polarization, the recombination cross section drops. However, even after averaging over Maxwellian velocity distribution we obtain a substantial enhancement of the recombination rate constant, as compared to the zero-field case. For the field intensities in the range 30–350 MW cm−2, the enhancement occurs in the region of the radiation wavelength from 5 to 20 µm and for the plasma temperature from 20 to 300 K.
Soft composites with liquid inclusions: functional properties and theoretical models
Authors: Wang Shuang , Li Xiying 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Soft materials containing liquid inclusions have emerged as a promising class of materials. Unlike solid inclusions, liquid inclusions possess intrinsic fluidity, which allows them to retain the excellent deformation ability of soft materials. This can prevent compliance mismatches between the inclusions and the matrix, thus leading to improved performance and durability. Various liquids, including metallic, water-based, and ionic liquids, have been selected as inclusions for embedding into soft materials, resulting in unique properties and functionalities that enable a wide range of applications in soft robotics, wearable devices, and other cutting-edge fields. This review provides an overview of recent studies on the functional properties of composites with liquid inclusions and discusses theoretical models used to estimate these properties, aiming to bridge the gap between the microstructure/components and the overall properties of the composite from a theoretical perspective. Furthermore, current challenges and future opportunities for the widespread application of these composites are explored, highlighting their potential in advancing technologies.
Mean-field homogenization of liquid metal elastomer composites: comparative study and exact dilute solution of core–shell inclusion
Authors: Lee Hugon , Yeo Jinwook , Yu Jecheon , Moon Hyeonbin , Ryu Seunghwa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Liquid metal-elastomer composites (LMECs) have gathered significant attention for their potential applications in various functional stretchable devices, with inclusion sizes ranging from micrometers to nanometers. These composites exhibit exceptional properties, such as high electric permittivity and thermal conductivity, surpassing those of the elastomer matrix, thus enabling a broader range of applications without compromising the material’s stretchability. To investigate the diverse effective elastic and functional properties of LMECs, micromechanics-based homogenization method based on Eshelby’s inclusion solution are invaluable. However, the extreme contrast in elastic constants among the phases in LMECs, particularly for nanosized inclusions where a considerable amount of stiff metal oxide forms around the inclusions, can lead to critical failure in predicting effective properties if inadequate homogenization approach is employed. In this study, we present multiple mean-field homogenization approaches applicable to LMECs with core–shell morphology, namely: (i) multi-phase, (ii) sequential, (iii) pseudo-grain, and (iv) direct approaches. We compare the accuracy of the models concerning effective elastic, thermal, and dielectric properties, evaluated against numerical homogenization results and compared with reported experimental data. Specifically, we highlight homogenization scheme utilizing exact field solutions of dilute core–shell inclusion, emphasizing the importance of accurately capturing the field in the micromechanics of LMECs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that widely utilized interphase model could not properly resolve the core–shell morphology and thus should be avoided. This comprehensive assessment provides critical insights into the proper homogenization strategies for designing advanced LMECs with precise prediction of effective properties.
Flexible curved multi-functional sensors for air flow and vibration signal measurement of train bogie
Authors: Cheng Xiao , Dong Wentao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The fluid–solid coupling effects with the aerodynamic noise and structural vibration signals play a great part in the measurement accuracy and fault diagnosis of train bogies. It is important to collect aerodynamic noise and structural vibration data for safety evaluation and online structural health monitoring (SHM) of the bogie, which brings new challenges to the integration and installation of the sensors in the limited space and complicated operating conditions of the train bogie. Flexible curved multi-functional sensors (FCMFSs) integrated with hot-film and structural vibration sensor units are designed for air flow and structural vibration measurement of the train bogie. Bogie vibration and wind tunnel test platforms with FCMFSs are built to measure the air flow velocity and vibration data on the bogie surface under different operating conditions. Piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride sensors are found to have significant output in wind tunnel and vibration experiments, and the hot-film sensor is only sensitive to the air flow signal. The effect of vibration signals on the hot-film sensor can be ignored, and it is helpful to improve the aerodynamic noise and structural vibration signal mesurement accuracy of the train bogie. The dynamic performance of the FCMFSs is verified at the Rail Transmit Base of East China Jiaotong University, and they are applied to SHM and rapid fault diagnosis of train bogies. The airflow distribution and vibration data are collected for safety assessment and fault diagnosis of the train bogie.
A nonlinear phase-field model of corrosion with charging kinetics of electric double layer
Authors: Makuch Maciej , Kovacevic Sasa , Wenman Mark R , Martínez-Pañeda Emilio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A nonlinear phase-field model is developed to simulate corrosion damage. The motion of the electrode−electrolyte interface follows the usual kinetic rate theory for chemical reactions based on the Butler−Volmer equation. The model links the surface polarization variation associated with the charging kinetics of an electric double layer (EDL) to the mesoscale transport. The effects of the EDL are integrated as a boundary condition on the solution potential equation. The boundary condition controls the magnitude of the solution potential at the electrode−electrolyte interface. The ion concentration field outside the EDL is obtained by solving the electro−diffusion equation and Ohm’s law for the solution potential. The model is validated against the classic benchmark pencil electrode test. The framework developed reproduces experimental measurements of both pit kinetics and transient current density response. The model enables more accurate information on corrosion damage, current density, and environmental response in terms of the distribution of electric potential and charged species. The sensitivity analysis for different properties of the EDL is performed to investigate their role in the electrochemical response of the system. Simulation results show that the properties of the EDL significantly influence the transport of ionic species in the electrolyte.
Pencil drawn meter bridge
Authors: Thakur Aditya Singh , Dubey Shivam , Kumar Shivam , Thakur Abhay Singh , Vaish Rahul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the application of a Wheatstone bridge, specifically through the utilization of a meter bridge constructed on chart paper using pencil graphite. Employing the Wheatstone bridge principle, this study aims to achieve precise measurements of an unknown resistance. Results indicate an error margin between measured and calculated values of less than 10%, highlighting the efficiency and accuracy of this approach. The demonstrated effectiveness of the meter bridge serves as an educational resource, particularly beneficial for K-12 students, providing practical understanding and hands-on experience with the meter bridge concept. This research contributes to enhancing STEAM education by offering a tangible and accessible tool for teaching electrical circuit principles.
Gravitational time dilation in a high school lesson
Authors: Russo Ivan , Iuele Giuseppe , Benedetto Elmo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In almost all countries, the Ministry of Public Education has introduced the topics of special and general relativity into the high school curriculum. For example, in Italy the teaching of so-called modern physics (quantum mechanics and relativity) was introduced in the last year of high school. The students are approximately 18 years old and, although the arguments are addressed in an introductory and qualitative way, they are also a topic for the final exam. Einstein’s theory fascinates young students, but it is not always easy to explain the revolutionary effects it predicts. For this reason, we have organized a series of in-depth lessons trying to derive the space-time distortions in a way suitable for the young age of the students. In this frontline we summarize a derivation, suitable for high school pupils, regarding gravitational time dilation.
70 years of hyperon spectroscopy: a review of strange Ξ, Ω baryons, and the spectrum of charmed and bottom baryons
Authors: Crede Volker , Yelton John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe first hyperon was discovered about 70 years ago, but the nature of these particles, particularly with regard to multistrange hyperons, and many of their properties can still be considered to be literally strange. A dedicated and successful global spectroscopy program in the 1960s and 1970s usingK−beams revealed many multistrange candidates, but the available evidence of their existence is statistically limited. For this reason, there is still much to learn about the systematics of the spectrum of excited hyperon states and what they have in common with their non-strange companions, or how they differ from the nucleon and Δ resonances. Results from photo- and electroproduction experiments off the proton and neutron using polarized beams and targets have provided intriguing evidence for new nucleon excitations and shed light on the structure of some of the known nucleon and Δ states. Recent years have also seen a great deal of progress in the field of charmed and bottom baryon spectroscopy. Unprecedented data from the Large Hadron Collider in particular indicate continued rapid progress in the field of bottom baryons. On the theoretical side, baryons with one heavy quarkQand a lightqqsystem serve as an ideal laboratory for studying lightqq(diquark) correlations and the dynamics of the light quarks in the colour environment of a heavy quark. In this review, we discuss the status of doubly and triply strange Ξ as well as Ω baryons, and the properties of all the known charmed and bottom states. The comparison of the two heavy sectors reveals many similarities as predicted by heavy-quark symmetries, together with differences in mass splittings easily understood by potential models. The multi-strange hyperons bridge the under-explored gap between the light- and the heavy-flavour baryons. How do the properties of a singly charmedQ-qqsystem change with decreasing mass of the heavy quark in the transition to a doubly strangeq-QQsystem with a heavier quark-quark system relative to one light quark? Significant progress towards understanding hyperon resonances is expected in coming years from the ongoing experiments at the high-energy collider facilities and planned experiments usingKbeams at Jefferson Laboratory and J-PARC.
Phase diagram of strongly-coupled Rashba systems
Authors: Nally B K , Brydon P M R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Motivated by the recent discovery of a possible field-mediated parity switch within the superconducting state of CeRh2As2 (Khim et al 2021 Science
373 1012), we thoroughly investigate the dependence of the superconducting state of a strongly-coupled Rashba mono- and bilayer on internal parameters and an applied magnetic field. The role of interlayer pairing, spin orbit coupling, doping rate and applied magnetic field and their interplay was examined numerically at low temperature within a t-J-like model, uncovering complex phase diagrams and transitions between superconducting states with different symmetry.
CP violation of baryon decays with N
π rescatterings*
Authors: Wang 汪 Jian-Peng 建鹏 , Yu 于 Fu-Sheng 福升 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There is a long-standing puzzle that the CP violation (CPV) in the baryon systems has never been well established in experiments, while the CPV of mesons have been observed by decades. In this paper, we propose that the CPV of baryon decays can be generated with the rescatterings of a nucleon and a pion into some final states, i.e.

or

. Benefited by the fruitful data of

scatterings, we can model-independently analyse the strong phases of

-baryon decays using the partial wave amplitudes of

scatterings. Avoiding the most difficult problem of non-perturbative dynamics, it makes a great advantage to predict the CPV of baryon decays with a relatively reliable understanding of the decay dynamics. We study the processes of

and

with

or

. It is found that the global CPV of the above processes in the invariant mass regions of

scatterings are at the order of several percent. More importantly, the local CPV in some regions of the Dalitz plots can reach the order of 10%, or be even larger. Considering the predicted results and the experimental data samples, we strong suggest to measure the CPV of

, which has a large possibility to achieve the first observation of CPV in the baryon system.
Beauty-charm meson family with coupled channel effects and their strong decays*
Authors: Hao 郝 Wei 伟 , Zhu 朱 Ruilin 瑞林 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We systematically examined the mass spectra and their two-body hadronic decays of the beauty-charm meson family considering coupled channel effects. Our results can effectively explain the observed

meson spectrum, and the prediction of the mass spectrum for unobserved beauty-charm mesons can be tested in future experiments. Compared with previous studies, we systematically examine the beauty-charm meson family within the coupled channel components. The

state in beauty-charm meson family has few percent of coupled channel component, while the

,

, and

states have more than ten percent of coupled channel component. The two-body hadronic decay widths of the

state is as narrow as 3 MeV. The two-body hadronic decay widths of

,

,

,

,

, and

are approximately 109, 67, 60, 57, 201, and 76 MeV, respectively. Furthermore, the mixing effects between

and

states are discussed.
Tokamak edge-SOL turbulence in H-mode conditions simulated with a global, electromagnetic, transcollisional drift-fluid model
Authors: Zholobenko Wladimir , Zhang Kaiyu , Stegmeir Andreas , Pfennig Jan , Eder Konrad , Pitzal Christoph , Ulbl Philipp , Griener Michael , Radovanovic Lidija , Plank Ulrike ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The design of commercially feasible magnetic confinement fusion reactors strongly relies on the reduced turbulent transport in the plasma edge during operation in the high confinement mode (H-mode). We present first global turbulence simulations of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak edge and scrape-off layer in ITER baseline H-mode conditions. Reasonable agreement with the experiment is obtained for outboard mid-plane measurements of plasma density, electron and ion temperature, as well as the radial electric field. The radial heat transport is underpredicted by roughly 1/3. These results were obtained with the GRILLIX code implementing a transcollisional, electromagnetic, global drift-fluid plasma model, coupled to diffusive neutrals. The transcollisional extensions include neoclassical corrections for the ion viscosity, as well as either a Landau-fluid or free-streaming limited model for the parallel heat conduction. Electromagnetic fluctuations are found to play a critical role in H-mode conditions. We investigate the structure of the significant E × B flow shear, finding both neoclassical components as well as zonal flows. But unlike in L-mode, geodesic acoustic modes are not observed. The turbulence mode structure is mostly that of drift-Alfvén waves. However, in the upper part of the pedestal, it is very weak and overshadowed by neoclassical transport. At the pedestal foot, on the other hand, we find instead the (electromagnetic) kinetic ballooning mode, most clearly just inside the separatrix. Our results pave the way towards predictive simulations of fusion reactors.
Investigations on the machinability performance of Al2O3/TiCN CVD coated carbide tools in sustainable high-speed hard-turning of AISI 4340 alloy steel
Authors: Jouini Nabil , Yaqoob Saima , Ghani Jaharah A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of CVD coated carbide inserts in turning hardened AISI 4340 steel at high-machining speed V = 300, 350 m min−1 under sustainable dry cutting environment. Experiments were executed in accordance to Taguchi L4 orthogonal array and crucial machinability aspects tool life, tool wear progression and mechanism, cutting force, and surface roughness were evaluated in detail. The results of this study revealed that Al2O3/TiCN coating successfully inhibited the faster progression of tool wear at low cutting speed (300 m min−1), feed rate (0.05 mm rev−1) and depth of cut (0.1 mm), thus delivering the highest tool life of 19.25 min and lowest cutting force of 76.8 N. However, better surface finish of 0.305 μm was obtained at high cutting speed (350 m min−1), low feed rate (0.05 mm rev−1), and high depth of cut (0.1 mm). Nevertheless, at high cutting speed (350 m min−1) and feed rate (0.1 mm rev−1), involvement of intense thermal-mechanical effects suppressed the effectiveness of coating and tool completed its useful life at 9.24 min. Severe flaking on the cutting edge was observed at high machining parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis revealed that adhesion, oxidation, and small scale chipping and abrasion were the primary wear mechanisms attributing in competing the tool life criteria (Vb = 300 μm) in all cutting conditions. Furthermore, it was established that the cutting force and surface roughness increased with increasing tool flank wear due to coating delamination, material adhesion and tool chipping. This research emphasizes the significant potential of adopting Al2O3/TiCN coated carbide inserts for high-speed industrial hard-turning of AISI 4340 steel.
Triggering dark showers with conditional dual auto-encoders
Authors: Anzalone Luca , Singh Chhibra Simranjit , Maier Benedikt , Chernyavskaya Nadezda , Pierini Maurizio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a family of conditional dual auto-encoders (CoDAEs) for generic and model-independent new physics searches at colliders. New physics signals, which arise from new types of particles and interactions, are considered in our study as anomalies causing deviations in data with respect to expected background events. In this work, we perform a normal-only anomaly detection, which employs only background samples, to search for manifestations of a dark version of strong force applying (variational) auto-encoders on raw detector images, which are large and highly sparse, without leveraging any physics-based pre-processing or strong assumption on the signals. The proposed CoDAE has a dual-encoder design, which is general and can learn an auxiliary yet compact latent space through spatial conditioning, showing a neat improvement over competitive physics-based baselines and related approaches, therefore also reducing the gap with fully supervised models. It is the first time an unsupervised model is shown to exhibit excellent discrimination against multiple dark shower models, illustrating the suitability of this method as an accurate, fast, model-independent algorithm to deploy, e.g. in the real-time event triggering systems of large hadron collider experiments such as ATLAS and CMS.