bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium Solubility of Sulfadiazine in (Acetonitrile + Ethanol) Mixtures: Determination, Correlation, Dissolution Thermodynamics, and Preferential Solvation
Authors: Delgado Daniel Ricardo , Ortiz Claudia Patricia , Martínez Fleming , Jouyban Abolghasem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe equilibrium solubility of sulfadiazine (SD, 3) in several {acetonitrile (MeCN) + ethanol (EtOH)} mixtures at nine temperatures from T/K = (278.15 K to 318.15) has been determined by following the shake flask method. SD solubility increased with temperature-arising as well as with the MeCN proportion-increasing in the mixtures. Thus, x3 increased from 7.74 × 10−5 in neat EtOH to 6.20 × 10−4 in neat MeCN at T/K = 298.15. SD solubility was adequately correlated with a second-order multivariate equation as function of both mixtures composition and temperature. Moreover, two models including the Jouyban–Acree and Jouyban–Acree–van’t Hoff models were applied to mathematical SD solubility data modeling in solvent mixtures. The accuracy of each model is investigated by the mean relative deviations (MRD%) of the back-calculated solubility. A full predictive model was provided by training the Jouyban–Acree–van’t Hoff model with only seven experimental solubility data which provided excellent predictions with the MRD% of 3.7 %. All used models show a low MRD% values (< 4.0 %) for the calculated data indicating a good correlation of SD solubility data with the given mathematical models. By means of the van’t Hoff and Gibbs equations, the apparent thermodynamic quantities relative to SD dissolution and mixing processes, namely Gibbs energies, enthalpies, and entropies, were calculated and reported. Apparent dissolution quantities of SD were positive in all cases indicating endothermic and entropy-driven behaviors. A non-linear enthalpy–entropy relationship was observed for SD in the plot of SD dissolution enthalpy vs. Gibbs energy. Observed trend exhibits negative slope in the composition from neat EtOH to the mixture of 0.05 in mass fraction of MeCN indicating entropy-driving mechanism for this SD transfer process. Moreover, variant but positive slopes were found in the composition interval of 0.05 < w1 < 1.00 indicating enthalpy-driving mechanism for these SD transfer processes. Furthermore, the preferential solvation of SD by MeCN or EtOH was analyzed by using the inverse Kirkwood–Buff integrals. Thus, SD is preferentially solvated by EtOH molecules in EtOH-rich mixtures but preferentially solvated by MeCN in MeCN-rich mixtures. In this way, this research expands the literature investigations about the solubility of SD in some non-aqueous cosolvent mixtures conformed by MeCN and other alcohols.
Inequalities and Social Capital as Factors of Subjective Well-Being: Case Study from Western Province, Zambia
Authors: Schlossarek Martin , Harmáček Jaromír , Seidlová Aneta , Suchá Lenka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding well-being’s complexities, including its subjective and context-dependent nature, is crucial for informing policy decisions and development interventions aimed at enhancing quality of life and reducing poverty. Unfortunately, subjective well-being (SWB) research, particularly in the context of Global South, has received relatively less attention, despite its fundamental importance in the field of human development. This research aims to contribute to the discussion on SWB by examining its association with diverse forms of inequalities and deprivations. Specifically, we investigate the impact of these deprivations, both at the societal and intra-household levels, on SWB among the rural population of the Western Province in Zambia. The study underscores low levels of SWB in the surveyed area. It reveals the impact of intra-household inequalities, demonstrating that the presence of a more educated individual in the household positively affects well-being. On the other hand, having responsibilities related to decision-making power within households diminishes SWB, probably due to related stress and anxiety. As expected, limited access to resources in the household also negatively affects SWB. Our main finding in the realm of societal inequalities revolves around the assertion that fostering social capital through active participation in formal or informal groups significantly enhances SWB. Empowering individuals through education and knowledge sharing, and promoting inclusivity and diversity in social interactions are key strategies that policymakers can adopt to enhance SWB in the Muoyo-Mukukutu area and similar regions.
Thermodynamic approach for designing processing routes of 4Mn quenching and partitioning steel
Authors: Kozłowska Aleksandra , Skowronek Adam , Grzegorczyk Barbara , Grajcar Adam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study addresses the design and optimization of chemical composition and processing routes of new quenching and partitioning medium-Mn alloy using theoretical and experimental approaches. The thermodynamic calculations using Thermo-Calc and JMatPro software were carried out to characterize the influence of Mn, Si and Al contents on cementite formation and precipitation processes. The evolution of individual phases as a function of temperature under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions was estimated. The investigations included the determination of continuous cooling transformation (CCT) and the time–temperature transformation (TTT) diagrams of a model 4Mn alloy. The calculated equilibrium diagrams were compared with the experimental diagrams determined using dilatometric tests. Microstructural observations were carried out to verify the results of dilatometric measurements. The results of thermodynamic calculations and experimental tests showed the moderate agreement. It is related to the inaccuracy of currently available models in the used software and/or non-equilibrium conditions of experimental tests.
Parkinsonian gait modelling from an anomaly deep representation
Authors: Rangel Edgar , Martínez Fabio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractParkinson’s Disease (PD) is associated with gait movement disorders, such as bradykinesia, stiffness, tremors and postural instability. Hence, a kinematic gait analysis for PD characterization is key to support diagnosis and to carry out an effective treatment planning. Nowadays, automatic classification and characterization strategies are based on deep learning representations, following supervised rules, and assuming large and stratified data. Nonetheless, such requirements are far from real clinical scenarios. Additionally, supervised rules may introduce bias into architectures from expert’s annotations. This work introduces a self-supervised generative representation to learn gait-motion-related patterns, under the pretext task of video reconstruction. Following an anomaly detection framework, the proposed architecture can avoid inter-class variance, learning hidden and complex kinematics locomotion relationships. In this study, the proposed model was trained and validated with an owner dataset (14 Parkinson and 23 control). Also, an external public dataset (16 Parkinson, 30 control, and 50 Knee-arthritis) was used only for testing, measuring the generalization capability of the method. During training, the method learns from control subjects, while Parkinson subjects are detected as anomaly samples. From owner dataset, the proposed approach achieves a ROC-AUC of 95% in classification task. Regarding the external dataset, the architecture evidence generalization capabilities, achieving a 75% of ROC-AUC (shapeness and homoscedasticity of 66.7%), without any additional training. The proposed model has remarkable performance in detecting gait parkinsonian patterns, recorded in markerless videos, even competitive results with classes non-observed during training.
Geoelectric studies in earthquake hazard assessment: the case of the Kozlodui nuclear power plant, Bulgaria
Authors: Kovacikova S. , Boyadzhiev G. , Logvinov I. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The study presents the results of geoelectric research for seismic risk assessment on the example of the Kozlodui nuclear power plant in Bulgaria. The image of the geoelectric structure in the study area was obtained using one-dimensional inverse electrical resistivity modeling of the full five-component magnetotelluric data and quasi-three-dimensional inverse conductivity modeling of the geomagnetic responses recorded during the summer 2021 field campaign. According to the presented results, the geoelectrically anomalous structure is divided into two levels. The near-surface anomalous structure in the immediate reach of human geotechnical activity corresponds to the electrically conductive sedimentary fill. The mid-crustal layer is coincident with the low seismic velocity zone at the brittle and ductile crust interface, revealed in previous studies. The presented results imply that the geological environment is not affected by large faults capable of transmitting seismic energy from tectonically active areas, however, in further studies, attention should be paid to the strike-slip fault systems adjacent to the study area.
Epistemic emotions and self-trust
Authors: Bortolan Anna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEpistemic emotions – namely affective phenomena like curiosity, certainty, and doubt – have been claimed to play a key role in epistemic evaluation and motivation, and, relatedly, to be an integral aspect of the epistemic virtues. In this paper I argue that the experience of epistemic emotions is extensively shaped by self-trust. More specifically, I claim that the set of epistemic emotions that we can undergo, and how these unfold over time, is modulated by the level of trust in one’s abilities as a knower. I do so by drawing on research on epistemic injustice, as well as through the exploration of some features of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression. I then argue that the connection between epistemic emotions and self-trust can be best accounted for by conceiving of self-trust, through the framework of philosophical phenomenology, as an affective background orientation which has a structuring role in our cognitive and affective experience.
The multifaceted factors affecting the publication times of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus articles: what has changed in two decades
Authors: Baharav Shlezinger Einav , Mosleh Rasha , Ben-David Gil , Mezer Eedy , Wygnanski-Jaffe Tamara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExpeditious publication is an important factor when considering publishing ophthalmic research. We investigated the factors associated with shorter publication times in pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus (POS). We analyzed 2487 POS articles from 8 ophthalmology journals publishing POS articles. Time from submission to acceptance, from acceptance to publication, and from submission to publication were calculated for each article. We compared trends over time of factors affecting the publication times from 2002 to 2007 and those from 2014 to 2018. Median peer review durations were 156 days from submission to acceptance; 79 days from acceptance to publication, and 244 days from submission to publication. The American Journal of Ophthalmology, JAMA Ophthalmology, and Strabismus had the shortest submission to publication time. Authors from Africa, East Europe, Central and South America received the fastest processing time in all time categories, although most authors were based in North America and UK. All-time intervals decreased annually, significantly more during the first decade. In the study's second period, more co-authors and affiliated departments correlated with shorter review times. Manuscripts in higher Impact Factor (IF) journals had faster publication times in the first decade. Female senior authors faced longer submission-to-acceptance times in the first decade. This gender gap disappeared in the second period. A general improvement occurred with most journals, specifically those journals with a higher number of co-authors and affiliated departments, indicating an efficient collaborative authorship. Low-income regions benefited from comparatively shorter time intervals. The gender gap in senior authorship diminished over time.
Not a good fit? The roles of aesthetic labour, gender, race, Indigeneity, and citizenship in food service employment
Authors: Stevens Andrew , Connelly Catherine E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCompanies and business lobby groups bemoan a lack of qualified workers, even for entry-level or low-skill jobs. At issue is a stated inability to find workers with the right ‘fit’ for the role or business. But what does fit really mean? We draw on human capital theory and labour segmentation theory to examine how perceptions of fit are shaped. We conducted ninety-three interviews with food service workers, managers, and other industry stakeholders and found that employment decisions are shaped by stereotypes, with a particular focus on ‘pretty privilege’ or aesthetic labour, as well as Indigeneity, citizenship, race, and gender. We present implications for research and practice in the food services industry.
Facial expressions in different communication settings: A case of whispering and speaking with a face mask in Farsi
Authors: Mahdinazhad Sardhaei Nasim , Żygis Marzena , Sharifzadeh Hamid 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the importance of orofacial gestures and acoustic cues to execute prosodic patterns under different communicative settings in Farsi. Given that Farsi lacks morpho-syntactic markers for polar questions, we aim to determine whether specific facial movements accompany the prosodic correlates of questionhood in Farsi under conditions of degraded information, that is, whispering and wearing face masks. We hypothesise speakers will employ the most pronounced facial expressions when whispering questions with a face mask to compensate for the absence of F0, reduced intensity and lower face invisibility. To this end, we conducted an experiment with 10 Persian speakers producing 10 pairs of statements and questions in normal and whispered speech modes with and without face masks. Our results provide support to our hypotheses that speakers will intensify their orofacial expressions when confronted with marked conditions. We interpreted our results in terms of the ‘hand in hand’ and ‘trade-off’ hypothesis. In whispered speech, the parallel realisation of longer word duration and orofacial expressions may be a compensatory mechanism for the limited options to convey intonation. Also, the lower face coverage is mutually compensated for by word duration and intensified upper facial expressions, all of which in turn support the trade-off hypothesis.
Light Transfers Through a Koch Shape Cloud
Authors: Ren Tong , Yang Ping , Huang Xianglei , Iwabuchi Hironobu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractModeling radiative transfer in a 3D cloudy atmosphere is critical to climate projections. A recently developed fast 3D radiation parameterization scheme gains some success in quantifying horizontal radiative transfer through cloud sides using cloud area fraction. Based on 3D Monte Carlo simulations of radiative transfer through an idealized single‐layer cloud with Koch‐shaped fractal geometry edges, here we show that radiative energy transport through cloud sides correlates more significantly with cloud area fraction than with cloud perimeter length. The results exemplify the importance of accounting for the horizontal radiative energy exchanges between cloud‐free and cloudy regions with cloud area fraction. Results from additional sensitivity simulations show that increased cloud vertical extent often enhances cloud‐side sunlight leak more significantly than cloud‐side sunlight interception. At low sun elevations, cloud‐side sunlight interception is enhanced more than cloud‐side sunlight leak does with the increase of cloud mass.
On the Use of SuperDARN Ground Backscatter Measurements for Ionospheric Propagation Model Validation
Authors: Ruck Joshua J. , Themens David R. , Ponomarenko Pasha , Burrell Angeline G. , Kunduri Bharat , Ruohoniemi J. Michael , Elvidge Sean 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrior to use in operational systems, it is essential to validate ionospheric models in a manner relevant to their intended application to ensure satisfactory performance. For Over‐the‐Horizon radars (OTHR) operating in the high‐frequency (HF) band (3–30 MHz), the problem of model validation is severe when used in Coordinate Registration (CR) and Frequency Management Systems (FMS). It is imperative that the full error characteristics of models is well understood in these applications due to the critical relationship they impose on system performance. To better understand model performance in the context of OTHR, we introduce an ionospheric model validation technique using the oblique ground backscatter measurements in soundings from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). Analysis is performed in terms of the F‐region leading edge (LE) errors and assessment of range‐elevation distributions using calibrated interferometer data. This technique is demonstrated by validating the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2016 for January and June in both 2014 and 2018. LE RMS errors of 100–400 km and 400–800 km are observed for winter and summer months, respectively. Evening errors regularly exceeding 1,000 km across all months are identified. Ionosonde driven corrections to the IRI‐2016 peak parameters provide improvements of 200–800 km to the LE, with the greatest improvements observed during the nighttime. Diagnostics of echo distributions indicate consistent underestimates in model NmF2 during the daytime hours of June 2014 due to offsets of −8° being observed in modeled elevation angles at 18:00 and 21:00 UT.
Fracture toughness of mixed-mode anticracks in highly porous materials
Authors: Adam Valentin , Bergfeld Bastian , Weißgraeber Philipp , van Herwijnen Alec , Rosendahl Philipp L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhen porous materials are subjected to compressive loads, localized failure chains, commonly termed anticracks, can occur and cause large-scale structural failure. Similar to tensile and shear cracks, the resistance to anticrack growth is governed by fracture toughness. Yet, nothing is known about the mixed-mode fracture toughness for highly porous materials subjected to shear and compression. We present fracture mechanical field experiments tailored for weak layers in a natural snowpack. Using a mechanical model for interpretation, we calculate the fracture toughness for anticrack growth for the full range of mode interactions, from pure shear to pure collapse. The measurements show that fracture toughness values are significantly larger in shear than in collapse, and suggest a power-law interaction between the anticrack propagation modes. Our results offer insights into the fracture characteristics of anticracks in highly porous materials and provide important benchmarks for computational modeling.
Ultraviolet astronomical spectrograph calibration with laser frequency combs from nanophotonic lithium niobate waveguides
Authors: Ludwig Markus , Ayhan Furkan , Schmidt Tobias M. , Wildi Thibault , Voumard Thibault , Blum Roman , Ye Zhichao , Lei Fuchuan , Wildi François , Pepe Francesco , Gaafar Mahmoud A. , Obrzud Ewelina , Grassani Davide , Hefti Olivia , Karlen Sylvain , Lecomte Steve , Moreau François , Chazelas Bruno , Sottile Rico , Torres-Company Victor , Brasch Victor , Villanueva Luis G. , Bouchy François , Herr Tobias 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAstronomical precision spectroscopy underpins searches for life beyond Earth, direct observation of the expanding Universe and constraining the potential variability of physical constants on cosmological scales. Laser frequency combs can provide the required accurate and precise calibration to the astronomical spectrographs. For cosmological studies, extending the calibration with such astrocombs to the ultraviolet spectral range is desirable, however, strong material dispersion and large spectral separation from the established infrared laser oscillators have made this challenging. Here, we demonstrate astronomical spectrograph calibration with an astrocomb in the ultraviolet spectral range below 400 nm. This is accomplished via chip-integrated highly nonlinear photonics in periodically-poled, nano-fabricated lithium niobate waveguides in conjunction with a robust infrared electro-optic comb generator, as well as a chip-integrated microresonator comb. These results demonstrate a viable route towards astronomical precision spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and could contribute to unlock the full potential of next-generation ground-based and future space-based instruments.
Adipose stem cells are sexually dimorphic cells with dual roles as preadipocytes and resident fibroblasts
Authors: Uhrbom Martin , Muhl Lars , Genové Guillem , Liu Jianping , Palmgren Henrik , Alexandersson Ida , Karlsson Fredrik , Zhou Alex-Xianghua , Lunnerdal Sandra , Gustafsson Sonja , Buyandelger Byambajav , Petkevicius Kasparas , Ahlstedt Ingela , Karlsson Daniel , Aasehaug Leif , He Liqun , Jeansson Marie , Betsholtz Christer , Peng Xiao-Rong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCell identities are defined by intrinsic transcriptional networks and spatio-temporal environmental factors. Here, we explored multiple factors that contribute to the identity of adipose stem cells, including anatomic location, microvascular neighborhood, and sex. Our data suggest that adipose stem cells serve a dual role as adipocyte precursors and fibroblast-like cells that shape the adipose tissue’s extracellular matrix in an organotypic manner. We further find that adipose stem cells display sexual dimorphism regarding genes involved in estrogen signaling, homeobox transcription factor expression and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These differences could be attributed to sex hormone effects, developmental origin, or both. Finally, our data demonstrate that adipose stem cells are distinct from mural cells, and that the state of commitment to adipogenic differentiation is linked to their anatomic position in the microvascular niche. Our work supports the importance of sex and microvascular function in adipose tissue physiology.
Retrotransposon addiction promotes centromere function via epigenetically activated small RNAs
Authors: Shimada Atsushi , Cahn Jonathan , Ernst Evan , Lynn Jason , Grimanelli Daniel , Henderson Ian , Kakutani Tetsuji , Martienssen Robert A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRetrotransposons have invaded eukaryotic centromeres in cycles of repeat expansion and purging, but the function of centromeric retrotransposons has remained unclear. In Arabidopsis, centromeric ATHILA retrotransposons give rise to epigenetically activated short interfering RNAs in mutants in DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION1 (DDM1). Here we show that mutants that lose both DDM1 and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase have pleiotropic developmental defects and mis-segregate chromosome 5 during mitosis. Fertility and segregation defects are epigenetically inherited with centromere 5, and can be rescued by directing artificial small RNAs to ATHILA5 retrotransposons that interrupt tandem satellite repeats. Epigenetically activated short interfering RNAs promote pericentromeric condensation, chromosome cohesion and chromosome segregation in mitosis. We propose that insertion of ATHILA silences centromeric transcription, while simultaneously making centromere function dependent on retrotransposon small RNAs in the absence of DDM1. Parallels are made with the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, where chromosome cohesion depends on RNA interference, and with humans, where chromosome segregation depends on both RNA interference and HELLSDDM1.