bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le divin est le social. Penser la foule avec Mallarmé
Authors: Ettlin Annick 
Published: April 2017

Cet article compare les réflexions sur le sacré qu’ont menées, avec des objectifs parfois croisés, dans des styles d’écriture affectant nécessairement leurs contenus et tributaires de leurs modes de diffusion, d’une part Gustave Le Bon, Gabriel Tarde et Émile Durkheim, et d’autre part Stéphane Mallarmé. Au tournant du siècle, les Divagations (1897) du poète mettent en scène et en image deux hypothèses pour le moins hardies : s’il faut voir, d’abord, que le divin est subordonné à l’existence d’une communauté et mérite par conséquent d’être appréhendé comme objet social, on peut même aller jusqu’à dire, ensuite, qu’il se dissout et disparaît dans ce que Mallarmé appelle la « foule ». Ce terme clef, particulièrement présent dans ses essais sur les arts, permet ainsi d’articuler le discours esthétique, ou poétique, à une pensée de la société.
Proust et les sociologues
Authors: Dubois Jacques 
Published: April 2017

Longtemps le lecteur de Proust s’est couché de trop bonne heure pour s’aviser de ce que la Recherche du temps perdu était un grand roman social plaçant en regard différentes classes. Il n’a donc pas vu que la même Recherche héritait de la tradition réaliste du roman du xix e siècle. Il a encore moins vu qu’elle avait à faire avec la discipline sociologique qui naissait au temps de son élaboration. On ne pense pas que Proust ait lu Durkheim ou Tarde et, de toute façon, tout roman propose une « société du texte » à laquelle la sociologie ne saurait s’appliquer comme telle. Néanmoins, Proust met en jeu des concepts et procédures qui font penser aux fondateurs de la discipline ou annoncent même un Bourdieu ou un Goffman. À trois reprises d’ailleurs, son roman utilise le terme de « sociologie » et, s’il le fait avec ironie, c’est en connaissance de ce que le terme implique.
Le personnage vertueux, un « homme physiologique » comme les autres ? L’expérience du Rêve de Zola
Authors: Sermadiras Émilie 
Published: April 2017

Dans le Dossier préparatoire du Rêve , Zola fait part de son désir d’écrire une œuvre d’une « pureté parfaite ». Cette opération de purification, qui se déploie pleinement autour d’Angélique Rougon, se conjugue à un abandon progressif de l’approche physiologique du personnage. Transfigurée en figure spirituelle idéale, l’héroïne échappe peu à peu à ses passions et à son corps : son parcours est organisé par une dynamique progressive de désincarnation. Ce faisant, Zola semble proposer un protocole d’expérimentation méta-poétique. En mettant en scène la disparition du personnage vertueux qui se dématérialise au fur et à mesure que le physiologique cède du terrain, Le Rêve peut se lire comme un méta-roman qui prouve par l’absurde la nécessité de maintenir la chair naturaliste comme élément constitutif du personnage.
CD11c-Expressing Cells Affect Regulatory T Cell Behavior in the Meninges during Central Nervous System Infection
Authors: O’Brien Carleigh A. , Overall Christopher , Konradt Christoph , O’Hara Hall Aisling C. , Hayes Nikolas W. , Wagage Sagie , John Beena , Christian David A. , Hunter Christopher A. , Harris Tajie H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in the CNS during multiple infections, as well as autoimmune inflammation, but the behavior of this cell type in the CNS has not been explored. In mice, infection with Toxoplasma gondii leads to a Th1-polarized parasite-specific effector T cell response in the brain. Similarly, Tregs in the CNS during T. gondii infection are Th1 polarized, as exemplified by their T-bet, CXCR3, and IFN-γ expression. Unlike effector CD4+ T cells, an MHC class II tetramer reagent specific for T. gondii did not recognize Tregs isolated from the CNS. Likewise, TCR sequencing revealed minimal overlap in TCR sequence between effector T cells and Tregs in the CNS. Whereas effector T cells are found in the brain parenchyma where parasites are present, Tregs were restricted to the meninges and perivascular spaces. The use of intravital imaging revealed that activated CD4+ T cells within the meninges were highly migratory, whereas Tregs moved more slowly and were found in close association with CD11c+ cells. To test whether the behavior of Tregs in the meninges is influenced by interactions with CD11c+ cells, mice were treated with anti–LFA-1 Abs to reduce the number of CD11c+ cells in this space. The anti–LFA-1 treatment led to fewer contacts between Tregs and the remaining CD11c+ cells and increased the speed of Treg migration. These data suggest that Tregs are anatomically restricted within the CNS, and their interaction with CD11c+ populations regulates their local behavior during T. gondii infection.
CXCL17 Attenuates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation by Recruiting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Oka Tomonori , Sugaya Makoto , Takahashi Naomi , Takahashi Takehiro , Shibata Sayaka , Miyagaki Tomomitsu , Asano Yoshihide , Sato Shinichi 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
CXCL17 is expressed in a variety of cancers and promotes tumor progression by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs suppress tumor immunity by attracting regulatory T cells (Tregs) into tumor sites through CCL5. In this study, we examined the role of CXCL17 in skin disorders. CXCL17 mRNA levels in psoriasis skin, but not in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis or cutaneous T cell lymphoma, were significantly higher than those in normal skin. CXCL17 was mainly expressed in the epidermis, and IFN-γ dose-dependently increased CXCL17 expression by human keratinocytes in vitro. As CXCL17 mRNA expression was increased by treatment with imiquimod (IMQ), we examined the effects of CXCL17 in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Injection of recombinant CXCL17 into the ear before and during IMQ application decreased ear thickness, inflammatory cytokine expression, and the number of infiltrating cells compared with PBS injection. Flow cytometric analysis and immunofluorescent staining revealed that the numbers of MDSCs, which are CD11b+Gr-1+, and that of Tregs, which are CD4+CD25+, were higher in the ear of the CXCL17-injected mice than in PBS-injected mice. MDSCs, but not Tregs, showed chemotaxis to CXCL17 in vitro. When mice were injected with anti-CCL5 Ab or anti-CCL4 Ab simultaneously with recombinant CXCL17, ear thickness and cytokine expression increased to a similar level of mice treated with PBS and control IgG, suggesting that these chemokines were important for anti-inflammatory effects. Taken together, CXCL17 attenuates IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation by recruiting MDSCs and Tregs, which may be important for regulating excessive inflammation in psoriasis skin.
Cutting Edge: Increased Autoimmunity Risk in Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1b Is Associated with a Reduced Engagement of Glycolysis in T Cells and an Impaired Regulatory T Cell Function
Authors: Melis Daniela , Carbone Fortunata , Minopoli Giorgia , La Rocca Claudia , Perna Francesco , De Rosa Veronica , Galgani Mario , Andria Generoso , Parenti Giancarlo , Matarese Giuseppe 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type 1b (GSD-1b) is an autosomal-recessive disease caused by mutation of glucose-6–phosphate transporter and characterized by altered glycogen/glucose homeostasis. A higher frequency of autoimmune diseases has been observed in GSD-1b patients, but the molecular determinants leading to this phenomenon remain unknown. To address this question, we investigated the effect of glucose-6–phosphate transporter mutation on immune cell homeostasis and CD4+ T cell functions. In GSD-1b subjects, we found lymphopenia and a reduced capacity of T cells to engage glycolysis upon TCR stimulation. These phenomena associated with reduced expression of the FOXP3 transcription factor, lower suppressive function in peripheral CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, and an impaired capacity of CD4+CD25− conventional T cells to induce expression of FOXP3 after suboptimal TCR stimulation. These data unveil the metabolic determinant leading to an increased autoimmunity risk in GSD-1b patients.
Cutting Edge: Selective Oral ROCK2 Inhibitor Reduces Clinical Scores in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris and Normalizes Skin Pathology via Concurrent Regulation of IL-17 and IL-10
Authors: Zanin-Zhorov Alexandra , Weiss Jonathan M. , Trzeciak Alissa , Chen Wei , Zhang Jingya , Nyuydzefe Melanie S. , Arencibia Carmen , Polimera Seetharam , Schueller Olivier , Fuentes-Duculan Judilyn , Bonifacio Kathleen M. , Kunjravia Norma , Cueto Inna , Soung Jennifer , Fleischmann Roy M. , Kivitz Alan , Lebwohl Mark , Nunez Margarita , Woodson Johnnie , Smith Shondra L. , West Robert F. , Berger Mark , Krueger James G. , Ryan John L. , Waksal Samuel D. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Targeted inhibition of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)2 downregulates the proinflammatory T cell response while increasing the regulatory arm of the immune response in animals models of autoimmunity and Th17-skewing human cell culture in vitro. In this study, we report that oral administration of a selective ROCK2 inhibitor, KD025, reduces psoriasis area and severity index scores by 50% from baseline in 46% of patients with psoriasis vulgaris, and it decreases epidermal thickness as well as T cell infiltration in the skin. We observed significant reductions of IL-17 and IL-23, but not IL-6 and TNF-α, whereas IL-10 levels were increased in peripheral blood of clinical responders after 12 wk of treatment with KD025. Collectively, these data demonstrate that an orally available selective ROCK2 inhibitor downregulates the Th17-driven autoimmune response and improved clinical symptoms in psoriatic patients via a defined molecular mechanism that involves concurrent modulation of cytokines without deleterious impact on the rest of the immune system.
Caracterización de los pacientes con Fibrosis Quística diagnosticados por cloruros en Sudor
Authors: Gale Sandra , Sabillón Maynor , Ortega Iglesias Julio Cesar 
Published: April 2017

Antecedentes y Objetivo: La Fibrosis Quística (FQ) es una enfermedad genética de herencia autosómica recesiva, caracterizada por disfunción de las glándulas de secreción exocrina. En Honduras no hay ningún tipo de revisión sobre este tema, por lo que se realizó este estudio con el objetivo de caracterizar los pacientes diagnosticados con FQ mediante prueba de Cloruros en Sudor.Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, se revisaron expedientes clínicos y se aplicó un instrumento de 20 preguntas a pacientes en control médico, durante enero 2010 a junio 2015.Resultados: Se presentan cinco pacientes con diagnóstico de fibrosis quística. La edad al momento del diagnóstico varió de Recién nacido a 5 años; 2 de ellos con antecedentes familiares para dicha enfermedad. Al inicio de la enfermedad 3 tenían sintomatología respiratoria y digestiva. En relación a talla/edad al momento del diagnóstico, 4 se encontraban por debajo del percentil Z-3. La totalidad reportó cultivos positivos para Pseudomona aureginosa. Respecto al manejo terapéutico de los pacientes en la totalidad de ellos se indicó nebulizaciones con Salino hipertónico al 7%, Beta-2-agonistas, antibióticos sistémicos y suplementación enzimática y de vitaminas liposoluble. En 2 pacientes, se encontró la mutación ΔF508 en el gen CFTR.Conclusiones: La Fibrosis Quística todavía es una patología en gran medida desconocida. Se recomienda implementar el tamizaje neonatal para ayudar al diagnóstico temprano y la prueba de cloruros en sudor en pacientes de mayor edad y con alta sospecha clínica de esta enfermedad.Acta Pediátrica Hondureña, Vol. 6, No. 2 /octubre 2015 a marzo 2016: 486-492
Una reforma educativa desconocida El Salvador 1883-1890
Authors: González Torres Julián 
Published: April 2017

En el presente estudio, el autor analiza la reforma educativa que empezó a gestarse en 1883, pero que finalmente fue implementada entre los años 1887-1890. En tal sentido, se procura analizar los momentos más importantes que la precedieron y, en segundo lugar, aquellos cambios que se consideran significativos y que, en buena medida, rompieron con el modelo de educación pública primaria que se había implementado a lo largo del siglo XIX Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.135, 2013: 35-67
Gestão escolar democrática e qualidade de ensino: estudo de caso em uma escola municipal no interior de São Paulo
Authors: Oliveira Alessandra Teresinha , Mendes Glauco Henrique de Sousa , Boriolo Raquel Ottani 
Published: April 2017

Neste artigo discutem-se os impactos que o perfil do gestor escolar e a adoção da gestão democrática na escola têm na qualidade do ensino, mensurada de forma indireta a partir do desempenho da escola em avaliações externas de larga escala. Para isso, foram sistematizadas evidências desses impactos a partir da literatura de referência e da condução de um estudo de caso em uma escola municipal de pequeno porte, num município do interior do Estado de São Paulo, levantando-se dados oficiais do desempenho da escola no Ideb entre 2007 a 2013, o estilo de gestão adotada nesse período e entrevistas com dois de seus gestores. As evidências apontam que o tempo de permanência do diretor numa mesma escola é determinante para os resultados alcançados no Ideb, junto com a participação da comunidade escolar e o estilo democrático da gestão, sendo a escola estudada um retrato dos impactos desses fatores. Palavras-chave: gestão democrática, qualidade de ensino, gestão escolar, Ideb.
Perspectiva da gestão do conhecimento e a educação de jovens e adultos: desafios e possibilidades
Authors: Amorim Antonio , Rocha Aldaíce Damasceno , Da Matta Alfredo Eurico 
Published: April 2017

Neste artigo objetiva-se identificar o papel que a gestão do conhecimento ocupa na educação de jovens e adultos e as práticas de gestão escolar que estão correlacionadas com as de gestão do conhecimento. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta e análise dos dados foram à entrevista semiestruturada e a aplicação de questionário. Os resultados apontaram para a necessidade de consolidação de práticas compatíveis com o modelo teórico da gestão do conhecimento, apresentando a possibilidade de usar técnicas e ferramentas com o intuito de efetivar melhorias no desenvolvimento educativo. Palavras-chave: educação de jovens e adultos, gestão do conhecimento, gestão escolar, gestão inovadora dos saberes.
Improving early identification of HIV‐infected neonates with birth PCR testing in a large urban hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa: successes and challenges
Authors: Technau Karl‐Günter , Kuhn Louise , Coovadia Ashraf , Carmona Sergio , Sherman Gayle 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Timely diagnosis is necessary to avert early death in HIV‐infected neonates. Birth PCR testing may improve early identification and facilitate access to care. We implemented a birth HIV diagnosis programme in Johannesburg, South Africa and present successes and challenges of the first two and a half years of operation.Methods: Between June 2014 and December 2016, we sought to identify all HIV‐exposed births and offer newborn HIV PCR testing before discharge after delivery. The programme identified newly delivered women who had tested positive during pregnancy and provided post‐partum HIV antibody testing for women without recent negative results. HIV‐positive women were required to consent for neonatal birth testing and asked to return a week later to obtain their results. Neonatal venous blood was sampled and tested at the national laboratory using Roche COBAS® TaqMan® HIV‐1 Qualitative Test (Version 2.0). Non‐negative results triggered active follow‐up for confirmatory testing and appropriate treatment.Results: Of 30,591 women with live births, 6864 (22.4%) were known to be HIV positive and an additional 221 women (1.4% of those tested) were identified during maternal postnatal testing. Of 7085 HIV‐positive women, 6372 (89.9%) were interviewed and agreed to data collection, 6358 (99.8%) consented to birth testing for 6467 neonates and a blood sample was collected for 6377 (98.6%). If tested, 6210 (97.4%) tested negative, 91 (1.4%) positive, 57 (0.9%) revealed errors and 19 (0.3%) were indeterminate . Seven of the 19 neonates with indeterminate results and one with initial error result were found to be infected on subsequent testing yielding an intrauterine transmission rate of 1.6% (95% CI: 1.3–1.9). Sixteen (16%) of 99 infected infants were born to women (n = 221) identified during postnatal testing. With active outreach, 95/99 (96%) infected infants were initiated on antiretroviral therapy. Of 6261 neonates with negative results, 3251 (52%) returned to receive their test results.Conclusion: Our programme successfully achieved high coverage and uptake of birth PCR testing and was able, with active tracking, to start almost all identified HIV‐infected neonates on antiretroviral therapy. Implementation required additional staff for counselling, quality control and outreach. Return for negative results was low and neonates with indeterminate results required multiple repeat tests.
The relationship between higher social trust and lower late HIV diagnosis and mortality differs by race/ethnicity: results from a state‐level analysis
Authors: Ransome Yusuf , Batson Ashley , Galea Sandro , Kawachi Ichiro , Nash Denis , Mayer Kenneth H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Black men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to suffer a disproportionate burden of new HIV diagnoses and mortality. To better understand some of the reasons for these profound disparities, we examined whether the association between social trust and late HIV diagnosis and mortality differed by race/ethnicity, and investigated potential indirect effects of any observed differences.Methods: We performed generalized structural equation modelling to assess main and interaction associations between trust among one's neighbours in 2009 (i.e. social trust) and race/ethnicity (Black, White, and Hispanic) predicting late HIV diagnosis (a CD4 count ≤200 cell/µL within three months of a new HIV diagnosis) rates and all‐cause mortality rates of persons ever diagnosed late with HIV, across 47 American states for the years 2009–2013. We examined potential indirect effects of state‐level HIV testing between social trust and late HIV diagnosis. Social trust data were from the Gallup Healthways Survey, HIV data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and HIV testing from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Covariates included state‐level structural, healthcare, and socio‐demographic factors including income inequality, healthcare access, and population density. We stratified analysis by transmission group (male‐to‐male, heterosexual, and injection drug use (IDU)).Results: States with higher levels of social trust had lower late HIV diagnosis rates: Adjusted Rate Ratio [aRR] were consistent across risk groups (0.57; 95%CI 0.53–0.62, male‐to‐male), (aRR 0.58; 95%CI 0.54–0.62, heterosexual) and (aRR 0.64; 95%CI 0.60–0.69, IDU). Those associations differed by race/ethnicity (all p < 0.001). The associations were most protective for Blacks followed by Hispanics, and least protective for Whites. HIV testing mediated between 18 and 32% of the association between social trust and late HIV diagnosis across transmission group but for Blacks relative to Whites only. Social trust was associated with lower all‐cause mortality rates and that association varied by race/ethnicity within the male‐to‐male and IDU transmission groups only.Conclusions: Social trust may promote timely HIV testing, which can facilitate earlier HIV diagnosis, thus it can be a useful determinant to monitor the relationship with HIV care continuum outcomes especially for racial/ethnic minority groups disproportionately infected by HIV.
Feasibility of Contrast‐Enhanced Intraoperative Ultrasound for Detection and Characterization of Renal Mass Undergoing Open Partial Nephrectomy
Authors: Le Ott , Wood Christopher , Vikram Raghunandan , Patnana Madhavi , Bhosale Priya , Bassett Roland , Bedi Deepak 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the feasibility of obtaining intraoperative contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging in patients undergoing open partial nephrectomy for renal cancer. We hypothesize that the study was feasible and the addition of CEUS would improve lesion identification and characterization.MethodsThe study population consisted of 10 patients with known renal mass scheduled for intraoperative ultrasound–guided open partial nephrectomy. After dissection and exposure of the kidney by the surgeon, an intraoperative pre‐ and post‐CEUS was performed by the radiologist. Feasibility was defined as successful imaging in 8 of 10 patients with intraoperative CEUS. Image quality, lesion conspicuity/contrast, lesion vascularity, morphology, and size were assessed and graded with pre‐ and post‐contrast images.ResultsIntraoperative ultrasound was successfully acquired in 10 of 11 patients for renal mass detection and characterization. One study was canceled intraoperatively as a result of clinical complications related to a difficult surgery. Tumor size ranged from 1.3 to 4.2 cm. All lesions were solid. No additional lesions were found on CEUS compared with baseline imaging. Image quality post‐contrast ranged from acceptable to excellent. There were no adverse events recorded for all 10 patients.ConclusionsIn our feasibility study consisting of 10 patients, CEUS for detection and characterization of renal mass undergoing open partial nephrectomy was feasible and safe. Because intraoperative ultrasound during open partial nephrectomy can affect the extent of surgery, CEUS can be used to help detect and characterize renal mass for surgical planning/resection intraoperatively.
Sonographic Visualization of the Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm: Technique and Validation Using Perineural Injections in a Cadaveric Model
Authors: Maida Eugene , Chiavaras Mary M. , Jelsing Elena J. , O'Driscoll Shawn W. , Pawlina Wojciech , Smith Jay 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the ability to sonographically identify the posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm (PCNF) and its distal epicondylar branches using sonographically guided perineural injections in an unembalmed cadaveric model.MethodsA single experienced operator used a 12–3‐MHz linear array transducer to identify the PCNF and its distal epicondylar region branches in 10 unembalmed cadaveric specimens (6 right and 4 left) obtained from 10 donors. Sonographically guided perineural PCNF injections were then completed with a 22‐gauge, 38‐mm stainless steel needle to deliver 0.25 mL of 50% diluted colored latex at 3 points along the PCNF. The latex location was then confirmed via dissection.ResultsThe 10 donors included 4 male and 6 female cadavers aged 48 to 94 years (mean, 73 years) with body mass indices of 19 to 37 kg/m2 (mean, 26 kg/m2). The operator sonographically identified the PCNF and several distal branches traversing over or directly adjacent to the lateral epicondyle in all 10 specimens. Only 7 of 10 specimens showed a distinct PCNF bifurcation into anterior and posterior divisions, and all 7 were accurately identified and localized on sonography. There was no evidence of latex overflow to clinically relevant adjacent structures or injury to regional vessels or nerves.ConclusionsHigh‐resolution sonography can identify the PCNF and its distal epicondylar branches. Sonographic evaluation of the PCNF should be included in the evaluation of patients presenting with refractory or atypical lateral elbow pain syndromes. Diagnostic and therapeutic sonographically guided procedures targeting the PCNF or its lateral epicondylar branches are feasible and warrant further investigation.