bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalized Graphene Oxide Based Nanocarrier for Tumor‐Targeted Combination Therapy to Elicit Enhanced Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro
Authors: Dubey Poornima , Gopinath P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAs a fascinating alternative to overcome the undesired side effects and to improve therapeutic efficacy and water solubility of chemotherapeutic agent tamoxifen (TAM), the simplistic method based on folic acid (FA) tagged amphiphilic graphene oxide (GO) for cell specific delivery was adopted. Besides, FA‐GO also served as template for synthesis of Ag NP. Hence, the present study demonstrates a co‐delivery system for folate receptor (FR) targeted delivery of anticancer agents TAM and Ag NP for combination therapeutics of breast cancer in vitro. The method involved the syntheses of sulfonate modified GO with FA functionalization which was validated by FTIR and UV‐vis analysis. TAM was loaded onto the FA‐GO nanocarrier by physiosorption of hydrophobic drug onto surface with encapsulation efficiency (EE) around 98 %. The synthesized FA‐GO@AgNP@TAMnanocarrier was physiologically stable with average zeta potential and hydrodynamic size of−40 mV, 167 nm contrarily to alone GO with−29.5 mV, 5 nm respectively. Cellular uptake studies revealed specificity of nanocarrier towards FR (+ve) breast carcinoma (MCF‐7 cell line) compared to FR (‐ve) lung carcinoma (A549 cell line). Based on cell specificity of nanocarrier, the cytotoxicity of various nanocarrier combinations was investigated towards MCF‐7 cells. The combination exhibited superior cytotoxic effect than TAM, Ag NP alone at relatively lower concentrations with notable cell cycle growth arrest in sub‐G1 phase. The FA‐GO@AgNP@TAMnanocarrier showed elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation with considerable dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Furthermore the semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR analysis showed increased pro‐apoptotic genes expression with highest expression of caspase‐3. Altogether the study suggests mitochondria mediated apoptotic signaling pathway. These findings suggest the above designed nanocarrier could serve as the potential candidate for targeted combination breast cancer therapy.
Mesoporous Nitrogen‐Modified Titania with Enhanced Dye Adsorption Capacity and Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Nursam Natalita M. , Tan Jeannie Z. Y. , Wang Xingdong , Li Wei , Xia Fang , Caruso Rachel A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMesoporous nitrogen‐modified anatase titania (N‐TiO2), showing high dye adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light, was prepared by a template‐free, sol‐gel synthesis route in the presence of diethanolamine followed by a single step low temperature calcination treatment. The effect of calcination conditions and the role of the titania precursor type were investigated, highlighting their profound influence upon the adsorption and visible light activity. The crystallization of titania in the presence of N was also studied using in situ synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction. The N‐TiO2 prepared from titanium (IV) butoxide and diethanolamine calcined at 350 °C for 10 h exhibited a high methylene blue adsorption capacity and high photocatalytic activity under visible light. The prominent photocatalytic performance was attributed to the synergetic effect from the abundant N content, high specific surface area and enhanced surface acidity. These results suggest that this material has potential as an adsorbent‐photocatalyst hybrid.
Probing electrical tuning of hair cells with a Zap current method in the intact amphibian papilla of bullfrogs
Authors: Frolov Daniil , Li Geng‐Lin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMost, if not all, modern vertebrate species have evolved exquisite inner ears to discriminate acoustic signals of different frequencies, through a process called frequency tuning. For non‐mammalian species, at least part of frequency tuning has been attributed to intrinsic electrical properties of hair cells, i.e. electrical tuning. Since it was first discovered, the traditional method to assess electrical tuning has been to inject step current into hair cells and examine dampened membrane voltage oscillation. However, this method is not applicable for hair cells that do not oscillate. In this study, we developed a Zap current method that can be unbiasedly applied to all hair cells regardless of their oscillating behavior. Similar to a chirp sound in acoustic stimulation, a Zap current is a sinusoidal current with the frequency increased linearly with time. We first validated this new method with the traditional step current method on hair cells with dampened membrane voltage oscillation, and then applied it to all hair cells in the intact amphibian papilla of bullfrogs. We found that while hair cells with dampened membrane voltage oscillation are sharply tuned, non‐oscillating hair cells are broadly tuned. In addition, we found a third type of hair cells, which oscillate continuously and are extremely sharply tuned, with multiple peaks that are reminiscent of harmonics in the mammalian cochlea. In conclusion, the new Zap current method provides an unbiased way to assess electrical tuning, and it reveals an underappreciated heterogeneity of electrical tuning in the bullfrog amphibian papilla.
Implementation of a non‐linear foundation model for soil‐structure interaction analysis of offshore wind turbines in FAST
Authors: Krathe V. L. , Kaynia A. M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBottom‐fixed offshore wind turbines (OWTs) involve a wide range of engineering fields. Of these, modelling of foundation flexibility has been given little priority. This paper investigates the modelling of bottom‐fixed OWTs in the non‐linear aero‐hydro‐servo‐elastic simulation tool FAST v7. The OWTs considered is supported on a monopile. The objective of this paper was to implement a non‐linear foundation model in this software. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's idealized 5MW reference turbine was used as a base for the analyses.Default modelling of foundation in FAST v7 is by means of a rigid foundation. This implies that soil stiffness and damping is disregarded. Damping may lead to lower design loads. A softer foundation, on the other hand, will increase the natural periods of the system, shifting them closer to the frequencies of the environmental loads. This may in turn lead to amplified moments at the mudline. Therefore, it is important to include soil stiffness and damping in analyses.In this paper, a non‐linear foundation model is introduced in FAST v7 by means of uncoupled parallel springs. To verify that the implementation is successful, non‐linear load‐displacement curves of the foundation spring are presented. These show the typical hysteresis loops of an inelastic material, which confirms the implementation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On‐site filtration of water samples for environmental DNA analysis to avoid DNA degradation during transportation
Authors: Yamanaka Hiroki , Motozawa Hiromu , Tsuji Satsuki , Miyazawa Ryohei C. , Takahara Teruhiko , Minamoto Toshifumi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is an innovative tool for determining the distribution or abundance of aquatic macroorganisms. However, because eDNA degrades rapidly in water, long delays between sampling and analysis may hinder eDNA quantification. In the present study, we developed a portable filtration system that enables on‐site (and on‐the‐road) filtration of water samples. Degradation rates of eDNA within 6 h were compared using water from an outdoor pond that was subjected to (1) on‐site filtration, (2) transportation of water on ice, and (3) transportation of water at ambient temperature. Groups 2 and 3 were filtered in the laboratory 6 h after sampling. The concentration of eDNA was determined as the copy number of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of two fish species using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The portable filtration system offers the following benefits: (1) the eDNA concentration is preserved as is at the time of sampling, permitting higher accuracy of eDNA quantification, (2) use of a disposable sealed plastic bag reduces the risk of contamination and ensures on‐the‐road filtration, (3) time is saved because filtration can be accomplished when driving between sampling sites.
Insufficient developmental excitatory neuronal activity fails to foster establishment of normal levels of inhibitory neuronal activity
Authors: Therrien Mikaela , Vohnoutka Rishel , Boumil Edward , Guaraldi Mary , Lee Sangmook , Shea Thomas B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe nervous system is composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. One major class of inhibitory neurons release the neurotransmitter γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABAergic inhibitory activity maintains the balance that is disrupted in conditions such as epilepsy. At least some GABAergic neurons are initially excitatory and undergo a developmental conversion to convert to inhibitory neurons. The mechanism(s) behind this conversion are thought to include a critical developmental increase in excitatory activity.To test this hypothesis, we subjected ex vivo developing neuronal networks on multi‐electrode arrays to various stimulation and pharmacological regimens. Synaptic activity of networks initially consists of epileptiform‐like high‐amplitude individual “spikes”, which convert to organized bursts of activity over the course of approximately 1 month. Stimulation of networks with a digitized synaptic signal for 5 days hastened the decrease of epileptiform activity. By contrast, stimulation for a single day delayed the appearance of bursts and instead increased epileptiform signaling.GABA treatment reduced total signals in unstimulated networks and networks stimulated for 5 days, but instead increased signaling in networks stimulated for 1 day. This increase was prevented by co‐treatment with (2R)‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoate and 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione, confirming that GABA invoked excitatory activity in networks stimulated for 1 day. Glutamate increased signals in networks subjected to all stimulation regimens; the GABA receptor antagonist bicuculline prevented this increase only in networks stimulated for 1 day. These latter findings are consistent with the induction of so‐called “mixed” synapses (which release a combination of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters) in networks stimulated for 1 day, and support the hypothesis that a critical level of excitatory activity fosters the developmental transition of GABAergic neurons from excitatory to inhibitory.
The Sewol Ferry Disaster: Experiences of a Community-Based Hospital in Ansan City
Authors: Park Jong-Hak , Cho Hanjin , Kim Joo Yeong , Song Joo-Hyun , Moon Sungwoo , Cha Sang Hoon , Choi Byung-Min , Han Chang-Su , Ko Young-Hoon , Lee Hongjae 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Sewol ferry disaster is one of the most tragic events in Korea’s modern history. Among the 476 people on board, which included Danwon High School students (324) and teachers (14), 304 passengers died in the disaster (295 recovered corpses and 9 missing) and 172 survived. Of the rescued survivors, 72 were attending Danwon High School, located in Ansan City, and residing in a residence nearby. Because the students were young, emotionally susceptible adolescents, both the government and the parents requested the students be grouped together at a single hospital capable of appropriate psychiatric care. Korea University Ansan Hospital was the logical choice, as the only third-tier university-grade hospital with the necessary faculty and facilities within the residential area of the families of the students. We report the experiences and the lessons learned from the processes of preparing for and managing the surviving young students as a community-based hospital. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:389–393)
Hydrodynamics of micro-swimmers in films
Authors: Mathijssen A. J. T. M. , Doostmohammadi A. , Yeomans J. M. , Shendruk T. N. 
Published: September 2016

One of the principal mechanisms by which surfaces and interfaces affect microbial life is by perturbing the hydrodynamic flows generated by swimming. By summing a recursive series of image systems, we derive a numerically tractable approximation to the three-dimensional flow fields of a stokeslet (point force) within a viscous film between a parallel no-slip surface and a no-shear interface and, from this Green’s function, we compute the flows produced by a force- and torque-free micro-swimmer. We also extend the exact solution of Liron & Mochon (J. Engng Maths, vol. 10 (4), 1976, pp. 287–303) to the film geometry, which demonstrates that the image series gives a satisfactory approximation to the swimmer flow fields if the film is sufficiently thick compared to the swimmer size, and we derive the swimmer flows in the thin-film limit. Concentrating on the thick-film case, we find that the dipole moment induces a bias towards swimmer accumulation at the no-slip wall rather than the water–air interface, but that higher-order multipole moments can oppose this. Based on the analytic predictions, we propose an experimental method to find the multipole coefficient that induces circular swimming trajectories, allowing one to analytically determine the swimmer’s three-dimensional position under a microscope.
The stability of capillary waves on fluid sheets
Authors: Blyth M. G. , Părău E. I. 
Published: September 2016

The linear stability of finite-amplitude capillary waves on inviscid sheets of fluid is investigated. A method similar to that recently used by Tiron & Choi (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 696, 2012, pp. 402–422) to determine the stability of Crapper waves on fluid of infinite depth is developed by extending the conformal mapping technique of Dyachenkoet al.(Phys. Lett. A, vol. 221 (1), 1996a, pp. 73–79) to a form capable of capturing general periodic waves on both the upper and the lower surface of the sheet, including the symmetric and antisymmetric waves studied by Kinnersley (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 77 (02), 1976, pp. 229–241). The primary, surprising result is that both symmetric and antisymmetric Kinnersley waves are unstable to small superharmonic disturbances. The waves are also unstable to subharmonic perturbations. Growth rates are computed for a range of steady waves in the Kinnersley family, and also waves found along the bifurcation branches identified by Blyth & Vanden-Broeck (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 507, 2004, pp. 255–264). The instability results are corroborated by time integration of the fully nonlinear unsteady equations. Evidence is presented for superharmonic instability of nonlinear waves via a collision of eigenvalues on the imaginary axis which appear to have the same Krein signature.
The use of syntactic features in formulating sentences in English as a second language by native speakers of Spanish
Authors: PAE HYE K. , GREENBERG DAPHNE , TAYLOR NICOLE , LAURES-GORE JACQUELINE , QUINONES LIDIA YVETTE 
Published: September 2016

abstractThis study examined how native speakers of Spanish formulated sentences in English as a second language (L2) when randomly ordered words were orally presented. Participants included 206 adult literacy students (70 native Spanish speakers and 136 native English speakers) whose word reading equivalency was at third- through fifth-grade levels. The Word Ordering subtest of theTest of Language Development-3 was administered. Although they showed a similar pattern of performance in the sentence type (i.e., declarative, interrogative, or imperative sentence), the two groups showed a different pattern in the misuse of syntactic features. Pertaining to grammatical features, verbs were the most difficult item for the native speakers of Spanish. The findings of this study were explained through the intricate nature of English verbs as well as unique lexicalization patterns resulting from the typological difference between Spanish and English.
‘PROTESTANTISM’ AS A HISTORICAL CATEGORY
Authors: Ryrie Alec 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe term ‘Protestant’ itself is a historical accident, but the category of western Christians who have separated from Rome since 1517 remains a useful one. The confessionalisation thesis, which has dominated recent Reformation historiography, instead posits the two major Protestant confessions and Tridentine Catholicism as its categories, but this can produce a false parallelism in which the nature of the relationship between the confessions is oversimplified. Instead, this paper proposes we think of a Protestant ecosystem consisting of self-consciously confessional Lutheranism, a broad Calvinism which imagined itself as normative, and a collection of radical currents much more intimately connected to the ‘magisterial’ confessions than any of the participants wished to acknowledge. The magisterial / radical division was maintained only with constant vigilance and exemplary violence, with Calvinism in particular constantly threatening to bleed into radicalism. What gives this quarrelsome family of ‘Protestants’ analytical coherence is neither simple genealogy nor, as has been suggested, mere adherence to the Bible: since in practice both ‘radical’ and ‘magisterial’ Protestants have been more flexible and ‘spiritual’ in their use of Scripture than is generally allowed. It is, rather, the devotional experience underpinning that ‘spiritual’ use of the Bible, of an unmediated encounter with grace.
THE GRAIL OF ORIGINAL MEANING: USES OF THE PAST IN AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL THEORYProthero Lecture
Authors: Kidd Colin 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTOriginalist jurisprudence, which enjoins a faithful adherence to the values enshrined in the late eighteenth-century Constitution, has become a prominent feature of contemporary American conservatism. Recovering the original meaning of the Constitution is far from straightforward, and raises major issues of historical interpretation. How far do the assumed historical underpinnings of originalist interpretation mesh with the findings of academic historians? To what extent has the conservative invocation of the Founding Fathers obscured a lost American Enlightenment? Nor is ‘tradition’ in American Constitutional law an unproblematic matter. How far does a desire to restore the original meaning of the Constitution ignore the role of ‘stare decisis’ (precedent) in America's common law heritage? It transpires, moreover, that the various schemes of historical interpretation in American Constitutional jurisprudence do not map easily onto a simple liberal–conservative divide.
Immunity against influenza A(H1N1) infections is determined by age at the time of initial strain circulation
Authors: DELABRE R. M. , SALEZ N. , LAPIDUS N. , LEMAITRE M. , LERUEZ-VILLE M. , de LAMBALLERIE X. , CARRAT F. 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYWe explored age-dependent patterns in haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titre to seasonal [1956 A(H1N1), 1977 A(H1N1), 2007 A(H1N1)] and pandemic [A(H1N1)pdm09] influenza strains using serological data collected from an adult French influenza cohort. Subjects were recruited by their general practitioners from 2008 to 2009 and followed until 2010. We explored age-related differences between strain-specific HI titres using 1053 serological samples collected over the study period from 398 unvaccinated subjects. HI titres against the tested seasonal and pandemic strains were determined using the HI technique. Geometric mean titres (GMTs) were estimated using regression models for interval-censored data. Generalized additive mixed models were fit to log-transformed HI estimates to study the relationship between HI titre and age (age at inclusion and/or age at initial strain circulation). GMT against one strain was consistently highest in the birth cohort exposed to that strain during childhood, with peak titres observed in subjects aged 7–8 years at the time of initial strain circulation. Our results complete previous findings on influenza A(H3N2) strains and identify a strain-dependent relationship between HI titre and age at initial strain circulation.
Out of many, one: integrating data in the paediatric cardiovascular environment
Authors: Bradley David J. , Wu Danny T. Y. , Goldberg Caren S. , Serwer Gerald S. , Lowery Ray E. , Donohue Janet E. , Hirsch-Romano Jennifer C. , Zheng Kai , Pasquali Sara K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLarge volumes of data and multiple computing platforms are now universal components of paediatric cardiovascular medicine, but are in a constant state of evolution. Often, multiple sets of related data reside in disconnected “silos”, resulting in clinical, administrative, and research activities that may be duplicative, inefficient, and at times inaccurate. Comprehensive and integrated data solutions are needed to facilitate these activities across congenital heart centres. We describe methodology, key considerations, successful use cases, and lessons learnt in developing an integrated data platform across our congenital heart centre.
A CRITICAL RACE THEORY ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC PARK FEATURES IN LATINO IMMIGRANT NEIGHBORHOODS
Authors: García Jennifer J. , Gee Gilbert C. , Jones Malia 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe present-day location of public parks should be understood in the proper social and historical context of residential segregation and urban development. In Los Angeles, discriminatory practices such as restrictive covenants were used not only for housing, but also to maintain segregated recreational spaces. In addition, the economic changes that came as a result of White flight, suburbanization, and inner city job loss brought with it a reduction in local government resources, including funds for public parks. These changes to the urban landscape disproportionately impacted low-income immigrant communities, including Latino neighborhoods. Health disparities researchers are concerned with the inequitable distribution of parks and recreation facilities because it may contribute to disparities in physical inactivity and obesity, health risks that disproportionately impact Latinos. However, much of the literature investigating disparities in the built environment fails to include a racial analysis. The current study uses a Critical Race Theory framework to examine disparities in park availability in Los Angeles. We used a unique park dataset created in ArcGIS to carry out a county-wide assessment of the availability of park features at the neighborhood level. Data come from two sources, the Los Angeles County Location Management System, which includes information on specific park features (e.g., swimming pools, parks and gardens, recreation centers) and the American Community Survey, which includes neighborhood-level sociodemographic information. A zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was used to test whether Latino immigrant neighborhood characteristics are associated with the availability of park features in Los Angeles. Results indicate that Latino immigrant neighborhoods have limited park availability. The discussion situates these findings of inequitable distribution of park resources in the appropriate social and historical context of Latinos living in Los Angeles.
Long noncoding RNAs in the progression, metastasis, and prognosis of osteosarcoma
Authors: Yang Zuozhang , Li Xiaojuan , Yang Yihao , He Zewei , Qu Xin , Zhang Ya 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-protein-coding molecules longer than 200 nucleotides that are involved in the development and progression of many types of tumors. Numerous lncRNAs regulate cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Osteosarcoma is one of the main bone tumor subtypes that poses a serious threat to adolescent health. We summarized how lncRNAs regulate osteosarcoma progression, invasion, and drug resistance, as well as how lncRNAs can function as biomarkers or independent prognostic indicators with respect to osteosarcoma therapy.