bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of hybrid single packet IP traceback scheme
Authors: Murugesan Vijayalakshmi , Shalinie Mercy , Yang Ming‐Hour 
Published: January 2018

Although cybercrime and cyber threats are increasing significantly, yet prevention and security of the critical infrastructure are still far from perfect. The internet has no protection against malicious packet modifications. Attackers exploit such vulnerabilities to forge the source IP addresses while instigating an attack. Consequently, investigating cybercrime is becoming extremely difficult. The best antidote would be to weed out the problem at its root by identifying the source of the attack. The objective of this study is to propose an IP traceback scheme that can identify the origin of an attack with a single packet with minimum computational and storage overhead while ensuring a high degree of accuracy. Compared to the state‐of‐the‐art single packet IP traceback technique, the proposed scheme entails lesser computation overhead. According to CAIDA topology dataset, it requires only 320 kB of storage on each router. Storage requirement is several thousand times lesser than the pioneer single packet traceback scheme and 6.25 times lesser than the state‐of‐the‐art traceback scheme. It has the better endurance to the change in topology compared with the state‐of‐the‐art schemes. It identifies the attack node with high accuracy and minimal false positive. The obtained result has been validated to demonstrate its statistical significance.
Dakryoendoskopische Tränenwegschirurgie – Einflussfaktoren auf das postoperative Ergebnis
Authors: Völkerling Anna , Struck Hans-Gert , Kunert Kathleen , Schmidt-Pokrzywniak Andrea , Fiorentzis Miltiadis , Viestenz Arne , Heichel Jens 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Dakryoendoskopie (DE) gilt als etablierte Methode der minimalinvasiven Tränenwegschirurgie. Langzeituntersuchungen zum Behandlungserfolg dieser Therapiemethode sind von großer Bedeutung. Hierbei sollten Einflussfaktoren auf das postoperative Ergebnis Berücksichtigung finden, um eine angepasste Patientenauswahl im Vorfeld der Behandlung treffen zu können.
Material und Methoden Es fand eine Auswertung des Patientenguts in Form einer retrospektiven Studie statt. Anhand eines festgelegten Fragebogens erfolgte prospektiv eine Follow-up-Analyse. Prä- und intraoperative Einflussfaktoren wurden mit dem Behandlungserfolg korreliert. Dieser definierte sich durch eine deutlich gebesserte oder fehlende Epiphora, das Fehlen einer erneuten tränenwegschirurgischen Operation und die Freiheit von Zeichen einer chronischen Dakryozystitis (Sekretion, Schmerzen in der Tränensackregion). Zusätzlich wurde die subjektive Zufriedenheit der Patienten mit dem Ergebnis der Operation erfragt (kategorisiert in „sehr gut“, „gut“, „unzureichend“ und „schlecht“).
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 215 DE von 182 Patienten (130 Frauen, 52 Männer) in die Follow-up-Analyse eingeschlossen. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 58 ± 17 Jahre (Altersspanne: 18 bis 91 Jahre). Die Nachbeobachtungszeit lag bei 31 bis 77 Monaten (Median: 55 Monate). Der Behandlungserfolg betrug im Nachbeobachtungszeitraum 59,1%, wobei weder Patientenalter noch Geschlecht Einfluss nahmen. Im Vergleich zu absoluten Stenosen ist der Operationserfolg bei relativen Stenosen doppelt so hoch (p = 0,02). Eine Tränensackektasie führt mit einem 1,9-fach erhöhten Risiko zum Misserfolg (p = 0,01). Es bestand ein Trend zu schlechteren Heilungsraten bei postsakkaler Stenosenlokalisation (p = 0,2) und einem Patientenalter von mehr als 49 Jahren (p = 0,1). Das Ergebnis der Operation wurde in 32,1% mit „sehr gut“ und in 30,2% mit „gut“ bewertet.
Schlussfolgerung Die DE eignet sich mit ihrem minimalinvasiven Vorgehen als „first-step procedure“. Das Ausbleiben einer Narbe und die schnelle Genesung sind für Patienten von starker Bedeutung. Medizinisch bedeutsam ist, dass die topografische Anatomie erhalten bleibt und somit alle Therapieoptionen im Falle erneut notwendiger Operationen bewahrt werden. Patienten mit relativen Stenosen und prä- bis intrasakkaler Lokalisation profitieren in besonderem Maße von dieser Art der Intervention.
A study of Chinese repetitive adverbs “hai (還)” and “zai (再)” from a cross-linguistic perspective
Authors: Zhang Ying 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Comparisons of Chinese adverbs hai and zai is a long-standing topic in Chinese linguistics. Previous studies tend to mix up different uses of hai and zai, often leading to unnecessary confusion. This study focuses on the repetition use of these two adverbs, and demonstrates that in two syntactic environments – sentences with and without quantitative phrases – the nuances between hai and zai can both be captured by the hypothesis that “[+increasing]” is more essential for zai to deliver the repetition reading while “[+similar]” is more essential for hai to deliver the same reading. Based on conceptual correlations shared cross-linguistically, it is argued that the “[+similar]” feature facilitates the shift from the notion “inverted-sequence” to the notion “repetition” whereas the “[+increasing]” feature serves as an indispensable link between the notion “increment” and the notion “repetition”. Therefore, for the notion “repetition”, it is widely seen that a variety of languages use two devices to code it, one emphasizing the “[+similar]” feature and the other emphasizing the “[+increasing]” feature, and Chinese hai and zai is just one of such cases. In this way, the cross-linguistic perspective is proved to offer insights to explorations on language-specific issues as it provides accounts that are deep-rooted in the conceptual level.
Definiteness in written Swedish by Finnish-speaking immersion pupils
at the end of immersion
Authors: Nyqvist Eeva-Liisa 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
There are two primary goals for this study – first, to analyse definiteness
and article use in spontaneous writing in Swedish by 15-year-old Finnish
immersion students (n = 162) and secondly, to compare their
performance with that of non-immersion students at the same age
(n = 67). Analyses at the group level show that immersion
students usually perform significantly better than the control group, but they
also reveal similar problems to what L2-Swedish non-immersion students have
demonstrated in previous studies, such as omission of indefinite articles and
difficulty in choosing the right definite form of the noun. Still, these
inaccuracies occurred less often in the data from the immersion students. The
studied constructions also show at the group level an acquisition order similar
to that reported in previous studies, explainable by different aspects of
complexity and cross-linguistic influence. Analyses on the individual level,
however, show different acquisition orders depending on the criteria being
used.
CLIL at the linguistic interfaces
Authors: Gutiérrez-Mangado M. Juncal , Martínez-Adrián María 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study explores the effect of CLIL on the acquisition of nominal morphology (syntax-morphology interface) and article use (syntax-semantics-discourse-interface), linguistic areas that have been scarcely investigated in CLIL settings. Here we compare article omission and overuse errors in an oral production task performed by L1 Basque-Spanish learners of L3 English in two CLIL and non-CLIL groups matching in age at testing time and amount of exposure. Results indicate that as regards nominal morphology, CLIL and non-CLIL learners are equal in terms of the omission of the definite and the indefinite article, but CLIL learners learn to solve article overuse more quickly than non-CLIL learners. Taking together these results and the findings from our previous study (Martínez-Adrián & Gutiérrez-Mangado, 2015a), which revealed the non-existence of CLIL benefits with respect to the acquisition of verbal morphology, we conclude that while the syntax-morphology interface seems to be unaffected by CLIL, CLIL can aid in the acquisition of features from the syntax-semantics-discourse interface.
Assessment for learning in the CLIL classroom
Authors: Basse Rachel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article summarizes the findings of a corpus-based study investigating assessment for learning (AfL) and its relationship to motivation in CLIL contexts. Using a mixed methods approach, classroom recordings from bilingual primary schools in Madrid, Spain, were analyzed to identify motivational strategies used by teachers. The relationship between these strategies and the AfL techniques implemented by teachers was then examined.The findings show that the implementation of AfL coincided with an increase in frequency, length of time of use, and variety of teacher motivational strategies. This led to classes in which activities were supported by a more motivational discourse. A qualitative analysis of the corpus shows that the incorporation of AfL techniques coincided with several motivational strategies for language learning. The findings contribute to an understanding of how the use of AfL techniques may contribute to integrating motivational strategies in a more systematic way in the CLIL educational context.
Impact of combined adult vitamin D deficiency and second-hit exposures on brain function.
Authors: Al-Amin M. M. , Sullivan R. K. P. , Jaeschke K. N. , Burne T. H. J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Epidemiological and rodent studies suggest an association between vitamin D deficiency and brain disorders. To date, many mechanisms have been proposed to explain the role of vitamin D on brain function. However, no causal relationship between vitamin D deficiency and a specific brain disorder has been established. It is plausible that exposure to an additional insult alters the vulnerability of the brain to vitamin D deficiency. To our knowledge, a limited number of rodent studies have combined the second-hit insult (e.g. inflammation) with adult vitamin D (AVD) deficiency to examine brain outcomes. This review summarized the impact of multiple second-hit exposures on AVD-deficient animal models. AVD deficiency has been shown to impair hippocampal-dependent cognition in several experimental models, suggesting that the hippocampus could be a critical region in measuring the impact of a combined exposure. We suggest that AVD deficiency, coupled with an additional insult, could impair hippocampal-dependent cognition in a range of brain disorders and provide possible avenues for future research.
Selenium as an essential nutrient: the case for supplementation in ruminant nutrition to improve animal health and human nutrition.
Authors: Salles M. S. V. , Netto A. S. , Zanetti M. A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element in animal nutrition and metabolism. Research began with the study of Se toxicity, followed years later by the study of its deficiency; however, problems caused by Se deficiency are the most common. Several studies have investigated the effect of Se on the antioxidant and immune systems. Livestock animals, especially those reared in intensive management systems, are subjected to high levels of oxidative stress that can affect health, performance and the quality and stability of meat and milk. Part of those studies have used doses above the recommended intake and found positive responses, particularly in the immune system of ruminants. The objective of this review was to describe the function of Se as an essential nutrient and its effect on the metabolism, and to discuss the need to revise the recommendations for ruminant nutrition to values slightly above the nutritional requirements, but always below toxic levels, so that Se can exert its full function in the organism and improve animal health and human nutrition.
Seasoning ingredients in a medium–fat diet regulate lipid metabolism in peripheral tissues via the hypothalamic–pituitary axis in growing rats
Authors: Tanaka Mitsuru , Yasuoka Akihito , Yoshinuma Haruka , Saito Yoshikazu , Asakura Tomiko , Tanabe Soichi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We fed rats noodle (N) -diet containing 30 wt.% instant noodle with a 26% fat-to-energy ratio for 30 days (N-group). Compared with rats that were fed the same amount of nutrients (C-group), the N-group showed lower liver triacylglycerol levels and higher fecal cholesterol levels. We then analyzed transcriptome of the hypothalamic–pituitary (HP), the liver and the white adipose tissue (WAT). Thyroid stimulating hormone (Tshb), and its partner, glycoprotein hormone genes were up-regulated in the HP of N-group. Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors were activated in the liver of N-group, while an up-regulation of the angiogenic signal occurred in the WAT of N-group. N-group showed higher urine noradrenaline (NA) level suggesting that these tissue signals are regulated by NA and Tshb. The N-diet contains 0.326 wt.% glutamate, 0.00236 wt.% 6-shogaol and Maillard reaction products. Our results suggest that these ingredients may affect lipid homeostasis via the HP axis.
The Irony of Diversity Numbers
Authors: Urciuoli Bonnie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article compares “official” college representations of race as diversity with narratives by students of color about racialized experience, with particular attention to the metasemiotic principles governing the first and the discursive organization of the second. Colleges and universities (like other contemporary organizations) represent race as a set of equally weighted, equally ordered demographic categories not explicitly differing in markedness, presented as if universal and deployed in accounts of institutional progress. Students of color (racially marked) talk about their experiences of race in relation to whiteness (unmarkedness). Colleges and universities rely on these students to provide the numbers for representations of progress but too often ignore the conditions that make their experiences so difficult, as those are also the conditions that match the habitus of the elite white students who constitute the school’s primary market.
Preliminary Disciplines
Authors: Mannheim Bruce 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe commonplace division of labor between linguistics and linguistic anthropology, on the one hand, and sociology and social anthropology, on the other, is predicated on a nominalist error, the belief that institutionally embedded and named fields denote discrete phenomena. An influential and much-cited twentieth-century bellwether of this division was Susanne Langer’s distinction between “discursive” and “presentational” form, a polythetic distinction that tacitly constructed a metaphysic. An examination of social interaction in its most elementary form suggests that no such distinction is warranted and that, instead, a systematic account of social interaction transcends the boundaries of these and several additional “preliminary disciplines.”
Twitter, Trump, and the Base: A Shift to a New Form of Presidential Talk?
Authors: Stolee Galen , Caton Steve 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe 2016 US Presidential campaign saw the meteoric rise to power of Donald J. Trump, unprecedented perhaps in the history of American politics not only for its style but also for its unswerving “address” (Lempert and Silverstein 2012) to a “base” that was large enough to give Trump an electoral college victory. This talk was connected most distinctively (though of course not exclusively) to the social media platform Twitter. This article provides what is arguably the first anthropological linguistic analysis of Twitter, while also interrogating for the first time Trump’s use of Twitter as a speech practice. It is no doubt too soon to tell, but it is suggested here that rather than the broad-spectrum address of the message that has heretofore characterized much of the history of presidential campaigns, Trump’s social-media address to a base may mark a shift in the rise of presidential talk to come.
Divided Values, Shadow Languages: Positioning and Perspective in Linguistic Ideologies
Authors: Irvine Judith T. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract“Linguistic ideology,” a field of inquiry opened by Michael Silverstein, has become a major topic in semiotically oriented disciplines. This article focuses on an important aspect of ideology (linguistic or otherwise): its connection with social positioning, point of view, and differentiation. Two sets of examples, mainly from fieldwork in Senegal, are drawn upon to illustrate that connection. One set concerns people living in the same community but differing in the ideologized values and projects through which they interpret linguistic practices. The other set concerns people who are relative strangers, speaking languages that are not their native tongues—in ways that can reveal Whorfian effects from the native language that rests in the background. Although these two sets of examples are initially drawn upon to emphasize different points, the article argues that they differ more in degree than in kind. Both illustrate how social positioning is tied to differences in ideologized interpretation and, more generally, that where there is ideology, there is differentiation.
Ancient Ideologies of Ineffability and Their Echoes
Authors: Janowitz Naomi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAncient ideas about the limits of what can be put into words demonstrate the popularity of the notion that language is a guide to truth, even if that truth is defined by the limits of language. Two ancient and one modern example all locate truth in a reality that can be tracked both by the possibility of and the inherent failure of definition. Ancient exegetes started with the basic concept that words were both names for objects and the best formal representations of divinity. Yet names were not capable of fully defining ineffable divinity. These two ideologies—that names formally represent divinity and yet fail to completely describe divinity—coexisted in a delicate balance. The theme of divine ineffability, first articulated as part of a theology emphasizing the complete power of the deity over matter, has been adopted by modern scholars and converted to a theory to locate reality in hard-to-define personal experiences. The ineffable as what cannot be spoken about shifts focus from divinity to the self (the locus of modern experience).
Deriving the Derivative
Authors: Lee Benjamin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe anthropology of finance has been dominated by ethnographic field research and the performativity thesis advanced by Donald Mackenzie and Michel Callon. This essay takes a different tack and proposes a semiotic framework to look at the central concept in derivative finance, that of volatility. Volatility has also been increasingly important in our contemporary culture and politics of volatility, suggesting that the implications of the concept touch upon far more than just finance. I trace the development of the Black-Scholes model for pricing options from its initial use as a foundation for a “physics of finance” to its current use to calculate the “implied volatility” of trillions of dollars of derivative contracts on a daily basis. At the same time, the use of Black-Scholes to calculate implied volatility violates one of the fundamental presuppositions of the model, and I argue that instead of being part of a “physics of finance,” Black-Scholes now functions more like the discourse-indexical component of a “leaky grammar of prices.”
Target Organ Damage and Target Systolic Blood Pressure in Clinical Practice: The Campania Salute Network
Authors: D’Amato Andrea , Mancusi Costantino , Losi Maria Angela , Izzo Raffaele , Arnone Maria Immacolata , Canciello Grazia , Senese Salvatore , De Luca Nicola , de Simone Giovanni , Trimarco Bruno 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP) below the conventional threshold (140 mm Hg) reduces left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and incident cardiovascular (CV) events. We assessed whether different thresholds of SBP as the average value during follow-up (FU) have different impact on changes in target organ damage (TOD).

METHODS
From the Campania Salute Network registry, we selected 4,148 hypertensive patients with average SBP-FU &lt;140 mm Hg, and without history of prevalent CV or chronic kidney disease (i.e., &lt;stage IV CKD). Patients were divided in “Tight” (SBP-FU &lt;130 mm Hg) or “Usual” (SBP-FU ≥130) BP control. At baseline and at the last available control visit, we assessed LV mass index (LVMi, g/m2.7), carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT, mm), and glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI equation (GFR, ml/min/1.73 m2) as markers of TOD. Time trend of TOD for tight and usual subgroups were compared, adjusting for significant confounders.

RESULTS
During a median of 74 months (interquartile range: 35–108 months), 1,824 patients (44%) were classified as tight control. They were younger, with less prevalent obesity, diabetes, lower initial LVMi, and IMT, and were taking less Ca++-channel blockers during FU than the usual control subgroup (all P &lt; 0.05). In both subgroups, there were no changes over time in LVMi and GFR, whereas the IMT increased during the FU (P &lt; 0.004), with no significant effect of degree of SBP control.

CONCLUSIONS
In a registry of treated hypertensive patients from a tertiary care center, progression of TODs is not related to average SBP during FU.
Long-term outcome of a mental health promotion program in Germany
Authors: Lyssenko Lisa , Müller Gerhard , Kleindienst Nikolaus , Schmahl Christian , Berger Mathias , Eifert Georg , Kölle Alexander , Nesch Siegmar , Ommer-Hohl Jutta , Wenner Michael , Bohus Martin 
Published: January 2018

Summary
Mental health promotion programs (MHP) seek to reduce sub-syndromal symptoms of mental distress and enhance positive mental health. This study evaluates the long-term effects of a mindfulness-based MHP program (‘Life Balance’) provided by health coaches in a multi-site field setting on mental distress, satisfaction with life and resilience. Using a controlled design, propensity score matching was used to select a control group for participants of the MHP. The total study sample (N = 3624) comprised 83% women, with a mean age of 50 years. Data was collected via mailings 1 year after study entry. Results suggest participants experience reduced emotional distress at 12-month follow-up, with a medium between-group effect size (d = 0.40) for those participants who showed clinically relevant symptoms of mental distress at study entry. The effects of the program were more pronounced in participants with higher initial distress scores. New cases of psychopathological symptoms were prevented in 1 of 16 participants. Satisfaction with life and resilience were enhanced significantly. Our data suggest ‘Life Balance’ shows long-term effectiveness and indicate it is possible to design MHP programs that serve as both primary and indicated prevention, and that these programs can be applied on a population basis.
What Are Emotional Disorders?
Authors: Barlow David H. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Farchione Todd J. , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Chapter 1 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Workbook describes the types of problems the Unified Protocol (UP) program was designed to address. The chapter begins by defining emotional disorders, which are characterized by the frequent experience of strong emotions, negative reactions to these emotional experiences, and efforts to escape or avoid them. Next, the types of disorders that that fit within the larger class of emotional disorders, and are addressed by the is treatment, are described. Finally, this chapter helps readers determine whether this treatment is a good fit for the types of problems they are experiencing.