bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Universal Strategy for Hollow Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Encapsulated into B/N Co‐Doped Graphitic Nanotubes as High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Tabassum Hassina , Zou Ruqiang , Mahmood Asif , Liang Zibin , Wang Qingfei , Zhang Hao , Gao Song , Qu Chong , Guo Wenhan , Guo Shaojun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractYolk–shell nanostructures have received great attention for boosting the performance of lithium‐ion batteries because of their obvious advantages in solving the problems associated with large volume change, low conductivity, and short diffusion path for Li+ ion transport. A universal strategy for making hollow transition metal oxide (TMO) nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated into B, N co‐doped graphitic nanotubes (TMO@BNG (TMO = CoO, Ni2O3, Mn3O4) through combining pyrolysis with an oxidation method is reported herein. The as‐made TMO@BNG exhibits the TMO‐dependent lithium‐ion storage ability, in which CoO@BNG nanotubes exhibit highest lithium‐ion storage capacity of 1554 mA h g−1 at the current density of 96 mA g−1, good rate ability (410 mA h g−1 at 1.75 A g−1), and high stability (almost 96% storage capacity retention after 480 cycles). The present work highlights the importance of introducing hollow TMO NPs with thin wall into BNG with large surface area for boosting LIBs in the terms of storage capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability.
Stirring Up Acceptor Phase and Controlling Morphology via Choosing Appropriate Rigid Aryl Rings as Lever Arms in Symmetry‐Breaking Benzodithiophene for High‐Performance Fullerene and Fullerene‐Free Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Deyu , Wang Junyi , Gu Chunyang , Li Yonghai , Bao Xichang , Yang Renqiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTwo series of new polymers with medium and wide bandgaps to match fullerene (PC71BM) and fullerene‐free 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone))‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene (ITIC) acceptors are designed and synthesized, respectively. For constructing the key donor building blocks, the effective symmetry‐breaking strategy is employed. Two common aromatic rings (thiophene and benzene) are chosen as one side substituted groups in the asymmetric benzodithiophene (BDT) monomers. In addition, another rigid benzene ring is inserted between aryl and thioether in the side chains, which results in larger twisting and destroying the aggregation and forming longer lever arms. As a result, highly ordered polymers (PBDTsTh‐FBT and PBDTsPh‐FBT) with strong aggregation properties can blend well with roughly spherical PC71BM, while amorphous polymers (PBDTsThPh‐BDD and PBDTsPhPh‐BDD) with long and rigid aryl rings show good miscibility with elongated ITIC, and finally, both devices exhibit excellent power conversion efficiencies over 10%. Thus, it clearly shows that the asymmetric BDT unit is an excellent donor building block to construct highly efficient photovoltaic polymers. Meanwhile, this work demonstrates that it is not necessary that high‐performance fullerene‐free polymer solar cells (PSCs) require highly ordered microstructures in the blending films, different from the fullerene‐based PSCs.
Achieving the Widest Range of Syngas Proportions at High Current Density over Cadmium Sulfoselenide Nanorods in CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: He Rong , Zhang An , Ding Yilun , Kong Taoyi , Xiao Qing , Li Hongliang , Liu Yan , Zeng Jie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractElectroreduction of CO2 is a sustainable approach to produce syngas with controllable ratios, which are required as specific reactants for the optimization of different industrial processes. However, it is challenging to achieve tunable syngas production with a wide ratio of CO/H2, while maintaining a high current density. Herein, cadmium sulfoselenide (CdSxSe1−x) alloyed nanorods are developed, which enable the widest range of syngas proportions ever reported at the current density above 10 mA cm−2 in CO2 electroreduction. Among CdSxSe1−x nanorods, CdS nanorods exhibit the highest Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 81% for CO production with a current density of 27.1 mA cm−2 at −1.2 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. With the increase of Se content in CdSxSe1−x nanorods, the FE for H2 production increases. At −1.2 V vs. RHE, the ratios of CO/H2 in products vary from 4:1 to 1:4 on CdSxSe1−x nanorods (x from 1 to 0). Notably, all proportions of syngas are achieved with current density higher than ≈25 mA cm−2. Mechanistic study reveals that the increased Se content in CdSxSe1−x nanorods strengthens the binding of H atoms, resulting in the increased coverage of H* and thus the enhanced selectivity for H2 production in CO2 electroreduction.
Broadband MoS2 Field‐Effect Phototransistors: Ultrasensitive Visible‐Light Photoresponse and Negative Infrared Photoresponse
Authors: Wu Jing‐Yuan , Chun Young Tea , Li Shunpu , Zhang Tong , Wang Junzhan , Shrestha Pawan Kumar , Chu Daping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInverse photoresponse is discovered from phototransistors based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The devices are capable of detecting photons with energy below the bandgap of MoS2. Under the illumination of near‐infrared (NIR) light at 980 and 1550 nm, negative photoresponses with short response time (50 ms) are observed for the first time. Upon visible‐light illumination, the phototransistors exhibit positive photoresponse with ultrahigh responsivity on the order of 104–105 A W−1 owing to the photogating effect and charge trapping mechanism. Besides, the phototransistors can detect a weak visible‐light signal with effective optical power as low as 17 picowatts (pW). A thermally induced photoresponse mechanism, the bolometric effect, is proposed as the cause of the negative photocurrent in the NIR regime. The thermal energy of the NIR radiation is transferred to the MoS2 crystal lattice, inducing lattice heating and resistance increase. This model is experimentally confirmed by low‐temperature electrical measurements. The bolometric coefficient calculated from the measured transport current change with temperature is −33 nA K−1. These findings offer a new approach to develop sub‐bandgap photodetectors and other novel optoelectronic devices based on 2D layered materials.
Memristor‐Based Analog Computation and Neural Network Classification with a Dot Product Engine
Authors: Hu Miao , Graves Catherine E. , Li Can , Li Yunning , Ge Ning , Montgomery Eric , Davila Noraica , Jiang Hao , Williams R. Stanley , Yang J. Joshua , Xia Qiangfei , Strachan John Paul 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUsing memristor crossbar arrays to accelerate computations is a promising approach to efficiently implement algorithms in deep neural networks. Early demonstrations, however, are limited to simulations or small‐scale problems primarily due to materials and device challenges that limit the size of the memristor crossbar arrays that can be reliably programmed to stable and analog values, which is the focus of the current work. High‐precision analog tuning and control of memristor cells across a 128 × 64 array is demonstrated, and the resulting vector matrix multiplication (VMM) computing precision is evaluated. Single‐layer neural network inference is performed in these arrays, and the performance compared to a digital approach is assessed. Memristor computing system used here reaches a VMM accuracy equivalent of 6 bits, and an 89.9% recognition accuracy is achieved for the 10k MNIST handwritten digit test set. Forecasts show that with integrated (on chip) and scaled memristors, a computational efficiency greater than 100 trillion operations per second per Watt is possible.
Switching the Proton Conduction in Nanoporous, Crystalline Materials by Light
Authors: Müller Kai , Helfferich Julian , Zhao Fangli , Verma Rupal , Kanj Anemar Bruno , Meded Velimir , Bléger David , Wenzel Wolfgang , Heinke Lars 
Published: January 2018

AbstractProton conducting nanoporous materials attract substantial attention with respect to applications in fuel cells, supercapacitors, chemical sensors, and information processing devices inspired by biological systems. Here, a crystalline, nanoporous material which offers dynamic remote‐control over the proton conduction is presented. This is realized by using surface‐mounted metal–organic frameworks (SURMOFs) with azobenzene side groups that can undergo light‐induced reversible isomerization between the stable trans and cis states. The trans–cis photoisomerization results in the modulation of the interaction between MOF and guest molecules, 1,4‐butanediol and 1,2,3‐triazole; enabling the switching between the states with significantly increased (trans) and reduced (cis) conductivity. Quantum chemical calculations show that the trans‐to‐cis isomerization results in the formation of stronger hydrogen bridges of the guest molecules with the azo groups, causing stronger bonding of the guest molecules and, as a result, smaller proton conductivity. It is foreseen that photoswitchable proton‐conducting materials may find its application in advanced, remote‐controllable chemical sensors, and a variety of devices based on the conductivity of protons or other charged molecules, which can be interfaced with biological systems.
Spatially Resolved Insight into the Chemical and Electronic Structure of Solution‐Processed Perovskites—Why to (Not) Worry about Pinholes
Authors: Hartmann Claudia , Sadoughi Golnaz , Félix Roberto , Handick Evelyn , Klemm Hagen W. , Peschel Gina , Madej Ewa , Fuhrich Alexander B. , Liao Xiaxia , Raoux Simone , Abou‐Ras Daniel , Wargulski Dan , Schmidt Thomas , Wilks Regan G. , Snaith Henry , Bär Marcus 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe unprecedented speed at which the performance of solar cells based on solution‐processed perovskite thin films has increased, in some ways, appears to violate conventional understanding of device optimization. The relatively poor coverage of the TiO2 electron transport layer by the absorber should cause shunting of the cell. This, however, is not the case. In this paper, it is attempted to explain this “discrepancy.” Insights into coverage, morphology, local elemental composition, and spatially resolved electronic structure of CH3NH3PbI(3−x)Clx perovskite absorbers wet‐chemically deposited on planar compact TiO2 electron transport material (ETM) are revealed. Microscopy images indicate an incomplete coverage of the ETM. Depending on the degree of coverage, a variation in iodine oxidation and metallic lead formation is found. With the electronic structure of the absorber and the ETM established experimentally and taking literature on the commonly used hole transport material spiro‐MeOTAD into account, it is revealed that excellent charge selectivity occurs at the interfaces between the absorber and both the hole and electron transport layers. It can also be surmised that, crucially, any direct interface between the TiO2 and spiro‐MeOTAD would be characterized by a large recombination barrier preventing shunts; to some extent minimizing the negative effects of absorber pinholes.
Ionic Liquid‐Assisted Preparation of Sb2S3/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Pan Zhen‐Zhen , Yan Yang , Cui Nan , Xie Jin‐Cang , Zhang Ya‐Bo , Mu Wen‐Sheng , Hao Ce 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries are regarded as a promising alternative to lithium ion batteries. However, their application is restricted by the low capacity and poor rate performance of existing anodes. Here, a stibnite/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite is reported, fabricated by an ionic liquid‐assisted hydrothermal method, for sodium‐ion batteries. The obtained nanocomposite gives a high capacity of 687.7 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and an impressive rate performance. The promising electrochemical properties can be attributed to the uniformly distribution of Sb2S3 on reduced graphene oxide layers and the close contact between the two composites, which can be ensured by the addition of ionic liquid during the synthesizing process. This facile method shall pave the way for the production of other graphene‐based nanocomposite for sodium ion batteries and other energy storage systems.
Bioinspired Kirigami Fish‐Based Highly Stretched Wearable Biosensor for Human Biochemical–Physiological Hybrid Monitoring
Authors: Gao Bingbing , Elbaz Abdelrahman , He Zhenzhu , Xie Zhuoying , Xu Hua , Liu Songqin , Su Enben , Liu Hong , Gu Zhongze 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe human quest for beauty is manifested in numerous body decoration fashions such as makeups, tattoos, and stickers. The ancient “kirigami” art offers a variety of choices for sticker‐type body beautification, whereby with simple cutting, complex networks potential use as microfluidic channels and stretchable materials can be fabricated. Inspired by the fish‐scale pattern and kirigami art, a fish‐like wearable biosensor is designed and fabricated. This highly stretchable, well‐aerated, disposable, and wearable fish sticker enables sweat collection, diagnostics, and motion monitoring. A structure of photonic crystals is integrated in the paper channels for fluorescence enhancement sensing of sweat lactic acid and urea, and a stretchable electronic paper network induced sensitive resistance changes during the movement. The sensor is amenable to a variety of applications, such as personal care and human–machine interaction. The combination of art and sensing also provides a pleasant‐looking solution for both health and beauty.
Polarization‐Sensitive Structural Colors with Hue‐and‐Saturation Tuning Based on All‐Dielectric Nanopixels
Authors: Yang Bo , Liu Wenwei , Li Zhancheng , Cheng Hua , Chen Shuqi , Tian Jianguo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractStructural colors generated by the plasmonic resonance of metallic nanostructures, particularly aluminum, have been intensively studied in recent years. However, the inherent Ohmic loss and interband transitions in metals hinder the high efficiency and narrow bandwidth required for pure colors. Here, arrays of asymmetric titanium oxide elliptical nanopixels on a silica substrate are utilized to realize polarization‐sensitive structural colors with high saturation, high efficiency (more than 90%), and high resolution. Owing to Fano resonance resulting from the interference between the radiating waves of dipole resonances and directly reflected waves, perfect narrow reflected spectra can be formed with nearly ideal efficiency in the visible spectrum based on this all‐dielectric nanostructure. In particular, hue‐ and saturation‐tuned colors can be simultaneously obtained under two orthogonally polarized incident lights with apparent color contrast. Based on the superior properties of the titanium oxide metasurface, the proposed design strategy is anticipated to form a new paradigm for practical applications, such as high‐density optical data storage, nanoscale optical elements, sensing, security, and so on.
Polysaccharide‐Based Controlled Release Systems for Therapeutics Delivery and Tissue Engineering: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Miao Tianxin , Wang Junqing , Zeng Yun , Liu Gang , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPolysaccharides or polymeric carbohydrate molecules are long chains of monosaccharides that are linked by glycosidic bonds. The naturally based structural materials are widely applied in biomedical applications. This article covers four different types of polysaccharides (i.e., alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and dextran) and emphasizes their chemical modification, preparation approaches, preclinical studies, and clinical translations. Different cargo fabrication techniques are also presented in the third section. Recent progresses in preclinical applications are then discussed, including tissue engineering and treatment of diseases in both therapeutic and monitoring aspects. Finally, clinical translational studies with ongoing clinical trials are summarized and reviewed. The promise of new development in nanotechnology and polysaccharide chemistry helps clinical translation of polysaccharide‐based drug delivery systems.
High‐Efficiency Polymer Homo‐Tandem Solar Cells with Carbon Quantum‐Dot‐Doped Tunnel Junction Intermediate Layer
Authors: Kang Rakwon , Park Sujung , Jung Yun Kyung , Lim Dong Chan , Cha Myung Joo , Seo Jung Hwa , Cho Shinuk 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe tunnel junction (TJ) intermediate connection layer (ICL), which is the most critical component for high‐efficient tandem solar cell, generally consists of hole conducting layer and polyethyleneimine (PEI) polyelectrolyte. However, because of the nonconducting feature of pristine PEI, photocurrent is open‐restricted in ICL even with a little thick PEI layer. Here, high‐efficiency homo‐tandem solar cells are demonstrated with enhanced efficiency by introducing carbon quantum dot (CQD)‐doped PEI on TJ–ICL. The CQD‐doped PEI provides substantial dynamic advantages in the operation of both single‐junction solar cells and homo‐tandem solar cells. The inclusion of CQDs in the PEI layer leads to improved electron extraction property in single‐junction solar cells and better series connection in tandem solar cells. The highest efficient solar cell with CQD‐doped PEI layer in between indium tin oxide (ITO) and photoactive layer exhibits a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.49%, which represents a value nearly 10% higher than those of solar cells with pristine PEI layer. In the case of tandem solar cells, the highest performing tandem solar cell fabricated with C‐dot‐doped PEI layer in ICL yields a PCE of 12.13%; this value represents an ≈15% increase in the efficiency compared with tandem solar cells with a pristine PEI layer.
Alkyl Chain Regiochemistry of Benzotriazole‐Based Donor Polymers Influencing Morphology and Performances of Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Shangshang , Zhang Lin , Ma Chao , Meng Dong , Zhang Jianquan , Zhang Guangye , Li Zhengke , Chow Philip C. Y. , Ma Wei , Wang Zhaohui , Wong Kam Sing , Ade Harald , Yan He 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe effects of alkyl chain regiochemistry on the properties of donor polymers and performances of non‐fullerene organic solar cells are investigated. Two donor polymers (PfBTAZ and PfBTAZS) are compared that have nearly identical chemical structures except for the regiochemistry of alkyl chains. The optical properties and crystallinity of two polymers are nearly identical yet the PfBTAZ:O‐IDTBR blend exhibits nearly double domain size compared to the blend based on PfBTAZS:O‐IDTBR. To reveal the origins of the very different domain size of two blends, the morphology of neat polymer films is characterized, and it is found that PfBTAZ tends to aggregate into much larger polymer fibers without the presence of O‐IDTBR. This indicates that it is not the polymer:O‐IDTBR interactions but the intrinsic aggregation properties of two polymers that determine the morphology features of neat and blend films. The stronger aggregation tendency of PfBTAZ could be explained by its more co‐planar geometry of the polymer backbone arising from the different alkyl chain regiochemistry. Combined with the similar trend observed in another set of donor polymers (PTFB‐P and PTFB‐PS), the results provide an important understanding of the structure–property relationships that could guide the development of donor polymers for non‐fullerene organic solar cells.
Tunable and Efficient Tin Modified Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers for Electrochemical Reduction of Aqueous Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Zhao Yong , Liang Jiaojiao , Wang Caiyun , Ma Jianmin , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEfficient and selective earth‐abundant catalysts are highly desirable to drive the electrochemical conversion of CO2 into value‐added chemicals. In this work, a low‐cost Sn modified N‐doped carbon nanofiber hybrid catalyst is developed for switchable CO2 electroreduction in aqueous medium via a straightforward electrospinning technique coupled with a pyrolysis process. The electrocatalytic performance can be tuned by the structure of Sn species on the N‐doped carbon nanofibers. Sn nanoparticles drive efficient formate formation with a high current density of 11 mA cm−2 and a faradaic efficiency of 62% at a moderate overpotential of 690 mV. Atomically dispersed Sn species promote conversion of CO2 to CO with a high faradaic efficiency of 91% at a low overpotential of 490 mV. The interaction between Sn species and pyridinic‐N may play an important role in tuning the catalytic activity and selectivity of these two materials.
Scavenging Wind Energy by Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Chen Bo , Yang Ya , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo meet future needs for clean and sustainable energy, tremendous progress has been achieved in development for scavenging wind energy. The most classical approach is to use the electromagnetic effect based wind turbine with a diameter of larger than 50 m and a weight of larger than 50 ton, and each of them could cost more than $0.5 M, which can only be installed in remote areas. Alternatively, triboelectric nanogenerators based on coupling of contact‐electrification and electrostatic induction effects have been utilized to scavenge wind energy, which takes the advantages of high voltage, low cost, and small size. Here, the development of a wind‐driven triboelectric nanogenerator by focusing on triboelectric materials optimization, structure improvement, and hybridization with other types of energy harvesting techniques is reviewed. Moreover, the major applications are summarized and the challenges that are needed to be addressed and development direction for scavenging wind energy in future are highlighted.
Recent Progress in Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on Nonfullerene Acceptors
Authors: Yu Runnan , Yao Huifeng , Hou Jianhui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe use of a ternary component is a facile and effective method to further improve the device performances of binary organic solar cells (OSCs) comprising one donor and one acceptor. Recently, the rapid progress of highly efficient nonfullerene acceptor materials has offered a new opportunity for studying ternary OSCs because of the flexibility of ternary components, and the photovoltaic performance of ternary OSCs has been promoted quickly. In this research news article, some strategies for materials selection of the ternary components are concisely summarized and the recent progress in ternary OCSs based on nonfullerene acceptors, and the challenges and perspectives of ternary OSCs are also presented.