bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Conduct Disorders at the Community Level
Authors: Kostić J. , Stanković M. , Milosavljević L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEpidemiological data indicate that 30% to 50% of young people contact the child psychiatrist for behavioral disorders problems. Protective factors research that reduce the risk of conduct disorders are just as important as the research of risk factors. The aim of this work is to introduce the preventive factors in the reduction of conduct disorders, including 4 domains: individual, family, school and community. The emphasis is placed on preventive factors at the community level, which are covered by the national, state and local policies that support programs oriented towards children and young people. Good infrastructural community support enable young people to participate in activities where they have opportunities to make choices, make decisions and share responsibility. These experiences help young people to develop new skills, increase their self-confidence and make the difference, while such programs help adults to create a basis for understanding and working together with young and engaged people.ConclusionThe interest in the behavior of young people and their perspective creates a culture of care for young people instead of a culture of ignoring or even marking behavior among young people as deviant and antagonistic, which has a significant preventive effect on the development of behavior disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schemes and Traumatic Childhood Experiences with Suicidal Behavior in Adults
Authors: Montes Reula L. , Saiz García H. , Portilla Fernández A. 
Published: June 2017

Exposure to traumatic events in childhood is associated with suicidal behavior in adulthood, in the form of ideas, attempted or completed suicide. The abuse causes impaired cognitive schemes in the attachment figure, abandonment, mistrust and vulnerability to damage. The literature has demonstrated the dose–response relationship between a traumatic event in childhood and the development of mental disorders and the possibility of suicidal behavior. In addition, abuse is transmitted through the generations along with another factor of suicidal vulnerability (family history of suicide). Abuse in childhood is associated with depression, anxiety, antisocial behavior or substance. In fact, in investigations is suggested the vulnerability to any psychopathological disease. A history of suicidal behavior increases the risk for these children. Since child abuse increases suicidal behavior, we can find families in which coexists history of suicidal behavior and child abuse. The high prevalence of abuse and vulnerability neurodevelopmental leads us to consider a plan of action for this population. Rejection and/or contempt suffered in a developing brain might be related to subsequent alterations in emotional regulation or impulsivity. For these associations should conduct a more thorough screening in children's consultations to address this issue. It is very important to approach about cognitive schemes that subsequently repeated dysfunctional acts. Impulsive o unstable behavior could be reduced. This would decrease the consequences that these children have in adulthood.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Genetics and Neurophysiological Characterization of First Episode and Deficit Schizophrenia
Authors: Samochowiec J. , Bienkowski P. , Frydecka D. , Misiak B. , Kucharska-Mazur J. , Wysiecka J. Pelka 
Published: June 2017

The deficit subtype of schizophrenia (DS) is hypothesized to constitute a pathophysiologically distinct subgroup of schizophrenia patients suffering from enduring, idiopathic negative symptoms. The aim of the present study was to assess a relationship between the deficit/non-deficit dichotomy and various markers. We tested a hypothesis that stem cells and factors that modulate their trafficking may be biological markers of acute psychosis.MethodsThe DS was identified using the SDS. The MMP-9, BDNF, and COMT gene polymorphisms were genotyped. DNA methylation of the human endogeneous retrovirus type K (HERV-K) sequences was determined. Smell identification test was performed using the Sniffin’ Sticks test. For the assessment of executive function we used the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Trail Making Test, Verbal Fluency Test Phonemic, Stroop Color Word Test and Go/No Go task.Results and DiscussionThere was no association between the examined functional gene polymorphisms, methylation levels and DS. Similarly, there was no relationship between overall odor identification abilities and the deficit/non-deficit dichotomy. The results tended to indicate specific problems in the identification of few odors in DS. DS, compared with the non-deficit group, obtained lower scores in the WCST and TMT and exhibited greater interference within concept formation and non-verbal cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, in patients with the first schizophrenia-like episode, the number of circulating Lin (-)/CD45 (-)/CD34 (+) very small embryionic like stem cells (VSELs) and the S1P plasma level were the best predictors of risk and are proposed as novel markers for the first “schizophrenic” episode of psychosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors declare that they have no competing interest.
Executive Functioning Impairments in Adolescents with Early Diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Nazarboland N. 
Published: June 2017

Despite the neuropsychology literature provide reliable evidence of impaired executive functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), it has not been determined whether these deficits are prior to onset of the disorder or they begin to appear as consequence. To investigate whether recent onset of OCD in adolescence is characterized by executive functioning difficulties in behavioral inhibition, attentional flexibility, and decision-making. Executive functions were compared in adolescents with recent (past year) appearance of OCD symptoms (n = 40) and control group (n = 40). Three computerized tests within the CANTAB battery were completed by all subjects (the Affective Go/No Go task, the Intra-Dimensional, Extra-Dimensional Set-Shifting task, and the Decision-Making task). Using one-way ANOVA showed that compared with control group, the OCD adolescents displayed a bias towards negative stimuli with less errors on sad and hopeless words on the Affective Go/No Go task. They also made faster decisions while they bet more of their available points compared to controls, in the Decision-Making task. Adolescents with recent OCD diagnosis (less than one year) showed greater attention towards sad and hopeless stimuli and more impulsive behavior when making decisions. However, they were able to switch attentional set to neutral stimuli. These findings suggest that executive functioning impairments can characterize adolescence OCD from early beginning of the disorder.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Untreated Remission of Adolescents’ Mental Health Problems: Challenging the Treatment Gap?
Authors: Raven D. , Jörg F. , Schoevers R.A. , Oldehinkel A.J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMental health problems are highly prevalent and are associated with a high burden, but such problems are often left untreated. This is referred to as the “treatment gap”. The question of who is most likely to remit from their mental health problems without treatment has received surprisingly little attention. A few studies do suggest that untreated remission is common in the general population, but these are in particular limited by short follow-up times.ObjectivesThe aims of this study are to describe untreated remission of mental health problems in adolescence, and to assess the extent to which mental health problems recur after untreated remission.MethodsData from the Dutch community-based cohort study TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) were used. Depressive and anxiety problems were assessed using the Youth Self-Report at ages 11, 13, and 16, and the Adult Self-Report at ages 19 and 22.ResultsPreliminary analyses show high rates of untreated remission (approximately 80% over all waves). However, a substantial proportion of remitted cases still report sub clinical levels of mental health problems at follow-up. More elaborate analyses are ongoing, and will be presented at the conference.ConclusionsFirst results suggest that untreated remission is common in adolescents. The presence of residual symptoms may point towards an elevated risk of recurrence in adolescents who remit without treatment. Further knowledge about untreated remission is of vital importance for an accurate assessment of the treatment gap, and for prevention and early intervention programmes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
School Violence: Characterization of Occurrence's Records of a Public High School Institution
Authors: Scherer E. , Scherer Z. , Cavalin L. , Rodrigues J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionActs of indiscipline, incivility and violence are common in the school environment and reflect on physical and mental health of those involved.ObjectiveTo characterize conflict records made by students, teachers/others and parents/guardians in a Brazilian high school institution.MethodQualitative research, exploratory documental. Studied 113 records from 2014 to 2016.Results“Indiscipline and Incivility”–75 records (66 by teachers/others and 9 by students) of students: improper use of clothes and accessories, cell phone use in class, not bringing material, dating in school, conversations during class, do not respect the timetables, inappropriate jokes, disrupting activities, theft of materials and disrespect toward authority figures. “School violence”–22 records (12 by students, 9 by teachers/others and 1 by parent/guardian) of school violence: physical violence between students, psychological/verbal between students/teachers/others, and a match of sexual abuse. Three records (by teachers/others) of violence against the school: students destroyed teaching and cleaning materials and caused damage to the patrimony. Fifteen records (12 by students, 2 by parents/guardians and 1 by teacher) of school's violence: teachers’ harassment (excessive rigor in regard to school performance, clutter in the ratings, refusal to clarify doubts and inappropriate criticism on student's behavior) and institutional negligence (teachers’ delay, lack of clarification on teaching organization and supervision in practical activities).ConclusionSome students’ acts of indiscipline and incivility can be protests against the social control of the school. Assistance in case of conflicts and violence as well as preventive measures must be based on interdisciplinary and inter-sectorial articulation practice.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Pediatric Mania: The Controversy Between Euphoria and Irritability
Authors: Serra G. , Uchida M. , Battaglia C. , Casini M.P. , De Chiara L. , Biederman J. , Vicari S. , Wozniak J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPediatric bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly morbid pediatric psychiatric disease, consistently associated with family psychiatric history of mood disorders, with high levels of morbidity and disability and with a great risk of suicide.ObjectivesWhile there is a general consensus on the symptomatology of depression in childhood, the phenomenology of pediatric mania is still highly debated and the course and long-term outcome of pediatric BD still need to be clarified.AimsTo assess the prevalence, demographics, clinical correlates and course of these euphoric versus irritable pediatric mania.MethodsSystematic review of the available studies assessing the phenomenology, course and outcome of pediatric mania.ResultsEighteen studies reported the number of subjects presenting with either irritable or elated mood during mania. Irritability has been reported to be the most frequent clinical feature of pediatric mania reaching a sensitivity of 95–100% in several samples. Only half the studies reviewed reported on number of episodes or cycling patterns and the described course was mostly chronic and ultra-rapid whereas the classical episodic presentation was less common. Few long-term outcome studies have reported a diagnostic stability of mania from childhood to young adult age.ConclusionsSevere irritability is the most common presentation of abnormal mood described in children with bipolar disorder. Longitudinal studies of samples with irritable versus elated mood presentation and chronic versus episodic course may help clarify whether these are factors predicting different long-term course, treatment-response and outcome of pediatric onset bipolar disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Two-step Cluster Analysis Application to a Sample of Psychiatric Inpatients at Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Care
Authors: Ambrosini F. , Benassi M. , Sant’Angelo R.P. , Raggini R. , Mandolesi L. , Piraccini G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRecent findings demonstrated significant overlaps among major psychiatric disorders on multiple neurocognitive domains. However, it is not clear which are the cognitive functions that contribute to this phenomenon.ObjectivesTo find the optimal clustering solution using the two-step cluster analysis on a sample of psychiatric patients.AimsTo classify into subgroups a cross-diagnostic sample of psychiatric inpatients on the basis of their neurocognitive profiles.MethodsSeventy-one patients with psychotic, bipolar, depressive and personality disorders hospitalised at Psychiatric Diagnosis and Care Service of Bufalini Hospital of Cesena participated in the study. The symptomatology was assessed using Health of the Nation Outcome Scales-Roma and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Cognitive functions were evaluated using Tower of London, Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Judgment and Verbal Abstract Tasks test, Raven matrices, Attentional Matrices, Stroop Test and Mini Mental State Examination. Two-step cluster analysis was conducted using the standardized scores of each neurocognitive test.ResultsTwo groups were obtained:– group 1, with good cognitive performances;– group 2, with almost all subjects having impaired cognitive performances.Executive functions and attention are the major determinants of the cluster solution. The clusters did not differ on socio-demographic correlates. Different diagnoses were equally distributed amongst the clusters.ConclusionsTwo-step cluster analysis was useful in identifying subgroups of psychiatric inpatients with different cognitive functioning, overcoming other cluster techniques limitations. According to former literature, these results confirm a continuum of severity in cognitive impairment across different psychiatric disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Attention, Vigilance and Visuospatial Functioning in Hospitalised Elderly Medical Inpatients – Relationship to Delirium Syndromal Status and Motor Subtype Profile
Authors: Daly C. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThe early and efficacious detection of neurocognitive disorders poses a key diagnostic challenge. We examined how bedside cognitive tests perform across the spectrum of delirium and motor subtypes.MethodsThe performance on a battery of bedside cognitive tests were compared in elderly medical inpatients with DSM-IV delirium, subsyndromal delirium, and no neuro cognitive disorder and in motor subtypes.ResultsOne hundred and ninety-eight patients (mean age 79.14 ± 8.26) were assessed with no delirium (n = 43), subsyndromal delirium (n = 45), and full syndromal delirium (n = 110). The ability to meaningfully engage with the tests varied from 59% for vigilance B test to 85% for Spatial Span forward test and was found to be least in the full syndromal delirium group. The no delirium group was distinguished from the delirium groups for all the tests and from the full syndromal delirium group for the vigilance B test and global visuospatial function test. The subsyndromal delirium group differed from the full syndromal delirium group in respect of global visuospatial function test, spatial span backwards and vigilance A tests. Patients with full syndromal delirium were best identified using the interlocking pentagons test and clock drawing test whereas those with subsyndromal delirium were best identified using interlocking pentagons test and months backwards test. Those with subsyndromal delirium were significantly better in their ability to engage than those with full syndromal delirium.ConclusionsSimple bedside tests of attention, vigilance, and visuospatial ability are useful to help to distinguish neurocognitive disorders namely subsyndromal delirium from other presentations.Disclosure of interestThe author haS not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
The Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Pharmacokinetics of Antidepressants: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Jonge L. , Petrykiv S. , Fennema J. , Arts M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMorbid obesity (BMI ≥ 35) has been associated with mood and anxiety disorders. Regular use of antidepressants is common among patients who are candidate for bariatric surgery. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most common techniques used in bariatric surgery for reducing nutrient absorption. This type of surgery may however result in major changes in drug absorption.Objectives and aimsTo report and discuss the consequences of bariatric surgery on changes in antidepressant drug absorption.MethodsWe present all published in vitro and in vivo studies on antidepressant drug absorption after bariatric surgery.ResultsIn vitro studies showed that only bupropion had a significantly increased dissolution in a post-RYGB environment; venlafaxine and citalopram showed no alteration of dissolution; fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and amitryptiline had an significantly decreased dissolution in a post RYGB environment. Some in-vivo studies reported that only citalopram and escitalopram had an increased dissolution.ConclusionAfter bariatric surgery, special caution is required in patients using antidepressant medication because of the expected changes in drug absorption, nutritional status, and electrolyte balance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Relationship Between Coping Strategies and Sociodemographic Characteristics, Shame and Anxiety in Families of Children or Adolescences with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Gouva M. , Katsanos K. , Tsoutsi A. , Dragioti E. , Kotrotsiou E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionUlcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is characterized from a complicated therapeutic management, with bodily and psychological impact to the family.ObjectivesThis study examined the coping strategies among families with a child or adolescent with IBD.AimThe aim was to investigate possible sex differences with respect to coping strategies of the parents would correlated to overall coping strategies.MethodThe participants were biological parents of patients diagnosed with IBD. The total sample included 61 parents with a mean age 46.2 (SD = 7.4). The parents completed:– the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Scales;– the Other As Shamer Scale;– the Experiences of Shame Scale (ESS);– questionnaire concerning socio-demographic information.ResultsMother reported higher levels of social support, accept help, passive appraisal, and overall strategies compared to fathers. The strongest difference was found in accept help (P < 0.001). The feelings of shame of the mothers and fathers of the IBD families were very similar, without statistically significant differences between the groups. The results of the MLR, after controlling for adolescents age, sex and illness duration, revealed that the older age, being a mother, being married and being employment had direct positive associations with the overall coping strategies, while ESS had direct negative associations with the overall coping strategies. The model with all seven predictors explained 68% of the total variance (R2 = 0.68, F = 6.409, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings provide more detailed information on the coping strategies of Greek families with a child or adolescence with IBD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Whose insight is it anyway?
Authors: Sewell M. , Mondello V. , Styles T. , Paul D. , Vecchio D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThere is little research comparing patients’ views with those of their treating psychiatrists. In a survey of patients’ views conducted in 1993 for MIND (UK) by Rogers, Pilgrim and Lacey only 10% saw their problems in terms of mental illness. This highlights the tension between psychiatric codifications of mental abnormalities and explanations provided by patients themselves.AimsThis pilot project explores the perceptions of mental health issues in patients and their psychiatrists in a regional Western Australian setting.MethodsA mixed methods approach including semi-structured interviews of patients and their treating psychiatrists. Recruiting 5 consecutive people in the categories of involuntary in-patients, voluntary in-patients, patients on CTO, community patients and their psychiatrists.Questions asked of the patients were:– Why are you here?– What problems do you have?– What can be done?– What control do you have?– What control do other people have?Psychiatrists were asked similar questions. Responses were recorded, transcribed and thematically analyzed to reveal key themes. Quotations are used to illustrate points participants wished to make.ResultsWe report on differences in understanding in both groups. This study reveals areas for further enquiry.ConclusionsConsiderable diversity is revealed. A key conclusion is that insight is a concept relevant both for treated and treating.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.