bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psikologi Perkembangan Prantal, Usia Dini, Dan Anak: Hakikat Perkembangan Dan Pertumbuhan
Authors: Intan S  , Media Rahmah  , Linda Yarni  
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Development is a pattern of changes experienced by an individual from the time they are still in the womb until a certain period of life. Development generally involves growth (progress) but at certain times it will involve aging. This development is the result of the maturity process and learning experiences of each individual. Development is closely related to tempo and rhythm, it is integral to it. Individuals who experience development can be marked by certain characteristics, but it is not uncommon for individuals to be less aware of the changes that have occurred to them. This research uses a critical review method, which involves careful examination and evaluation of various sources of information, such as scientific journals, articles and other media. The main aim of this approach is to improve the reader’s understanding and interpretation skills in the context of prenatal, early childhood and child development psychology while offering a critical assessment of the material reviewed. In addition, a critical review requires identifying important topics in the literature, analyzing the methodology used, and evaluating the strengths and limitations of the sources studied. In development, there is a pattern of changes experienced by individuals from the time they are still in the womb up to a certain period of life. In a child’s life there are two processes that have the potential to be continuous, namely growth and development. In this case, both processes have stages, including moral and spiritual stages.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Jurisprudential Inquiry Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Teks Editorial Siswa Kelas XII SMA Negeri 2 Tanjung Morawa
Authors: Kristina Damai Yanti Simorangkir  , Syamsul Arif  
Published: October 2024

This research was carried out with the aim of finding out the effect of the jurisprudential inquiry learning model on the ability to write editorial texts. The population of this study was all class XII of SMA Negeri 2 Tanjung Morawa, totaling 7 classes. The sample was taken with no more than 40 students per class, so class XII Science 2 had 35 students as the experimental class and class XII Science had 34 students as the control class. The instrument used is a test of the ability to write editorial texts. Data measurements were carried out twice, namely measurements in the experimental class and the control class. From the data processing, it shows that the ability to write editorial texts in class .05, standard deviation 13.15. This can be seen in the normality test, the jurisprudential inquiry learning model is Lcount < Ltable namely 0.205 < 0.337. Then in the conventional learning model Lcount < Ltable, namely 0.192 < 0.319. Because Lcount is smaller than Ltable, the two data above are said to be normally distributed. Likewise, the results of the data homogeneity test are Fcount < Ftable , namely 0.54 < 0.56, so the data comes from a homogeneous population. After testing normality and homogeneity, hypothesis testing was carried out, obtained tcount > ttable with hypothesis test results of 6.35 and significance a = 0.05 and df = 35+34-2 = 67, so at the 5% level we obtained ttable = 1.99601. Thus it can be concluded that tcount > ttable , namely 6.35 > 1.99601, so the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. This proves that the jurisprudential inquiry learning model is more influential in improving the editorial text writing skills of class XII students at SMA Negeri 2 Tanjung Morawa.
Precipitation extremes in the dry and wet regions of China and their connections with the sea surface temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Qin Peihua , Xie Zhenghui 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe investigated the connections between the precipitation extremes during 1953–2002 in the dry and wet regions of China and the sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETP; including EI Niño–Southern Oscillation 1.2, 3, and 3.4 regions) based on two sets of observations, 17 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, and nine regional climate model (RCM) results, which were downscaled using the RCM RegCM4. The grid cells with the lowest 30% nonmissing precipitation extremes were identified as the dry region, and those with the highest 30% comprised the wet region. Compared with observed extreme indices, the CMIP5 ensemble could simulate the temporal averages and spatial patterns of extreme indices in the dry and wet regions, where the temporal averages of the indices based on RCMs matched better with those of the observed indices. In the dry region of China, the extreme precipitation indices had positive regression coefficients versus the SST of the ETP for all data sets, but the linear relationships of the extreme indices with the SST were more complex in the wet region. Finally, we investigated the variations of the correlations of precipitation extremes with the SST of ETP in multiple RCM results and CMIP5 models, respectively.
Nonlinear response of hail precipitation rate to environmental moisture content: A real case modeling study of an episodic midlatitude severe convective event
Authors: Li Mingxin , Zhang Fuqing , Zhang Qinghong , Harrington Jerry Y. , Kumjian Matthew R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe dependence of hail production on initial moisture content in a simulated midlatitude episodic convective event occurred in northeast China on 10–11 June 2005 was investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a double‐moment microphysics scheme where both graupel and hail are considered. Three sensitivity experiments were performed by modifying the initial water vapor mixing ratio profile to 90% (“Q−10%”), 105% (“Q+5%”), and 110% (“Q+10%”) of the initial conditions used for the control simulation. It was found that increasing the initial water vapor content caused the hail and total precipitation rates to increase during the first 5 h. The precipitation response to increasing water vapor content was monotonic for this first episode; however, for the event's second episode, the hail precipitation rate responds to the initial water vapor profile nonlinearly, while the total precipitation rate responds mostly monotonically. In particular, simulation Q+5% achieves the largest hail production rate while simulation Q+10% has the largest total precipitation rate. In contrast, during the second episode simulation Q−10% has the strongest vertical motion, produces the most cloud ice and snow, but has the lowest hail production. Analysis shows that increasing the initial moisture content directly increases the precipitation during the first episode, which subsequently induces a stronger, longer‐lasting cold pool that limits the development of deep convection during the second episode.
Changing duration and spatial extent of midlatitude precipitation extremes across different climates
Authors: Dwyer J. G. , O'Gorman P. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPrecipitation extremes intensify with climate warming in observations and simulations, but changes in their duration or spatial extent are not well understood. Here the duration and zonal length of midlatitude precipitation extremes are quantified in climate model simulations. Most comprehensive climate models project a decrease in duration over the 21st century, although the magnitude of the decrease with warming is less than 1% K−1 in the multimodel mean. An advective time scale based on the mean zonal wind is shown to be linked to the duration in terms of spatial distribution, intermodel differences, and response to climate change. In simulations with an idealized climate model, a stronger meridional temperature gradient decreases the duration despite increases in the zonal length, and this is explained using the thermal wind relation and the Rossby deformation radius. However, the response of the zonal length to increasing mean temperature requires further study.
Full wavefield decomposition of high‐frequency secondary microseisms reveals distinct arrival azimuths for Rayleigh and Love waves
Authors: Gal M. , Reading A. M. , Ellingsen S. P. , Koper K. D. , Burlacu R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the secondary microseism band (0.1–1.0 Hz) the theoretical excitation of Rayleigh waves (Rg/LR), through oceanic wave‐wave interaction, is well understood. For Love waves (LQ), the excitation mechanism in the secondary microseism band is less clear. We explore high‐frequency secondary microseism excitation between 0.35 and 1 Hz by analyzing a full year (2013) of records from a three‐component seismic array in Pilbara (PSAR), Australia. Our recently developed three‐component waveform decomposition algorithm (CLEAN‐3C) fully decomposes the beam power in slowness space into multiple point sources. This method allows for a directionally dependent power estimation for all separable wave phases. In this contribution, we compare quantitatively microseismic energy recorded on vertical and transverse components. We find the mean power representation of Rayleigh and Love waves to have differing azimuthal distributions, which are likely a result of their respective generation mechanisms. Rayleigh waves show correlation with convex coastlines, while Love waves correlate with seafloor sedimentary basins. The observations are compared to the WAVEWATCH III ocean model, implemented at the Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), which describes the spatial and temporal characteristics of microseismic source excitation. We find Love wave energy to originate from raypaths coinciding with seafloor sedimentary basins where strong Rayleigh wave excitation is predicted by the ocean model. The total power of Rg waves is found to dominate at 0.35–0.6 Hz, and the Rayleigh/Love wave power ratio strongly varies with direction and frequency.
Quantifying phytoplankton productivity and photoinhibition in the Ross Sea Polynya with large eddy simulation of Langmuir circulation
Authors: Smyth Robyn L. , Akan Cigdem , Tejada‐Martínez Andrés , Neale Patrick J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSouthern Ocean phytoplankton assemblages acclimated to low‐light environments that result from deep mixing are often sensitive to ultraviolet and high photosynthetically available radiation. In such assemblages, exposures to inhibitory irradiance near the surface result in loss of photosynthetic capacity that is not rapidly recovered and can depress photosynthesis after transport below depths penetrated by inhibitory irradiance. We used a coupled biophysical modeling approach to quantify the reduction in primary productivity due to photoinhibition based upon experiments and observations made during the spring bloom in Ross Sea Polynya (RSP). Large eddy simulation (LES) was used to generate depth trajectories representative of observed Langmuir circulation that were passed through an underwater light field to yield time series of spectral irradiance representative of what phytoplankton would have experienced in situ. These were used to drive an assemblage‐specific photosynthesis‐irradiance model with inhibition determined from a biological weighting function and repair rate estimated from shipboard experiments on the local assemblage. We estimate the daily depth‐integrated productivity was 230 mmol C m−2. This estimate includes a 6–7% reduction in daily depth‐integrated productivity over potential productivity (i.e., effects of photoinhibition excluded). When trajectory depths were fixed (no vertical transport), the reduction in productivity was nearly double. Relative to LES estimates, there was slightly less depth‐integrated photoinhibition with random walk trajectories and nearly twice as much with circular rotations. This suggests it is important to account for turbulence when simulating the effects of vertical mixing on photoinhibition due to the kinetics of photodamage and repair.
Initiation locations of lightning flashes relative to radar reflectivity in four small Florida thunderstorms
Authors: Karunarathna Nadeeka , Marshall Thomas C. , Karunarathne Sumedhe , Stolzenburg Maribeth 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study examines initiation locations of intracloud (IC) and cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning near Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 1 day. One unicellular and two multicellular thunderstorms occurred over land, and one multicellular storm was 30 km offshore. The storm over ocean was visible on radar 47–51 min before its first flash (of 17 total); first echoes in the storms over land were 23, 12, and 16 min prior to the first flashes (of 34, 16, and 9 total). Initiation points of 66 flashes were identified using the first initial breakdown (IB) pulse location from electric field change measurements or a VHF source coincident with the first IB pulse; 10 ICs occurred without enough data to similarly locate the initiation. All but 2 of 35 flashes that initiated as negative CGs began below 6.8 km altitude; two higher CG initiations (7.1–7.5 km) were the first CGs in two storms. Initiations of 21 normal ICs occurred above 7.9 km, 6 late stage ICs initiated at 5.5–7.5 km, and 4 hybrid IC‐CG flashes initiated as ICs at 6.6–8.1 km. Initiation locations were tightly clustered in small regions of each cell. Over land, early and mature stage flashes initiated within 2 × 2 km in each cell, or about 10–25% of the midlevel reflectivity coverage. One cell over ocean had initiations within 6 × 5 km, less than 30% of its reflectivity area. The IC initiations generally occurred above reflectivity cores, in 15–35 dBZ, and CG initiations were in 30–45 dBZ beside or atop cores.
Antarctic climate, Southern Ocean circulation patterns, and deep water formation during the Eocene
Authors: Huck Claire E. , van de Flierdt Tina , Bohaty Steven M. , Hammond Samantha J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe assess early‐to‐middle Eocene seawater neodymium (Nd) isotope records from seven Southern Ocean deep‐sea drill sites to evaluate the role of Southern Ocean circulation in long‐term Cenozoic climate change. Our study sites are strategically located on either side of the Tasman Gateway and are positioned at a range of shallow (<500 m) to intermediate/deep (~1000–2500 m) paleowater depths. Unradiogenic seawater Nd isotopic compositions, reconstructed from fish teeth at intermediate/deep Indian Ocean pelagic sites (Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 738 and 757 and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 264), indicate a dominant Southern Ocean‐sourced contribution to regional deep waters (εNd(t) = −9.3 ± 1.5). IODP Site U1356 off the coast of Adélie Land, a locus of modern‐day Antarctic Bottom Water production, is identified as a site of persistent deep water formation from the early Eocene to the Oligocene. East of the Tasman Gateway an additional local source of intermediate/deep water formation is inferred at ODP Site 277 in the SW Pacific Ocean (εNd(t) = −8.7 ± 1.5). Antarctic‐proximal shelf sites (ODP Site 1171 and Site U1356) reveal a pronounced erosional event between 49 and 48 Ma, manifested by ~2 εNd unit negative excursions in seawater chemistry toward the composition of bulk sediments at these sites. This erosional event coincides with the termination of peak global warmth following the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum and is associated with documented cooling across the study region and increased export of Antarctic deep waters, highlighting the complexity and importance of Southern Ocean circulation in the greenhouse climate of the Eocene.
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation between Propargylic Alcohols with Benzo[d]isoxazoles
Authors: Han Ya‐Ping , Li Xue‐Song , Sun Zhou , Zhu Xin‐Yu , Li Ming , Song Xian‐Rong , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn unprecedented copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate‐catalyzed [4+2] cascade annulation of propargylic alcohols with benzo[d]isoxazoles proceeds through a sequential ring opening/Meyer–Schuster rearrangement/intermolecular cyclization. This protocol, which tolerates a broad variety of functional groups, offers a versatile, modular and atom‐economical access to a new class of fascinating quinoline derivatives in good yields under mild conditions. The transformation could be scaled up to a gram scale efficiently, thus highlighting the synthetic utility of this methodology.magnified image
Risk factors of small bowel obstruction following total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis with diverting loop‐ileostomy for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Mizushima Tsunekazu , Kameyama Hitoshi , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Kurachi Kiyotaka , Fukushima Kouhei , Nezu Riichiro , Uchino Motoi , Sugita Akira , Futami Kitaro 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSmall bowel obstruction (SBO) often occurs after total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis with diverting loop‐ileostomy for ulcerative colitis. Little is known about the association between SBO and surgical procedures for diverting loop‐ileostomy. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective questionnaire survey. Unlinkable anonymized data on ileostomy procedures and ileostomy‐related complications including SBO were collected from institutions specializing in surgery for inflammatory bowel disease. In total, 515 patients undergoing total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis with loop‐ileostomy among 1022 patients with ulcerative colitis undergoing surgery during a 3‐year period between 2012 and 2014 were analyzed. Twenty‐nine patients without information on complications were excluded. Incidence of ileostomy‐related complications and factors associated with the development of small bowel obstruction were determined in 486 patients. The most common complications were parastomal dermatitis (n=169, 34.8%), SBO (n=111, 22.8%), mucocutaneous dehiscence (n=59, 12.1%), stoma prolapse (n=21, 4.3%), parastomal hernia (n=12, 2.5%), and stoma retraction (n=11, 2.3%). Incidence of small bowel obstruction was significantly higher in patients with distance from the ileal pouch to the ileostomy of less than 30 cm and in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Procedures for diverting loop‐ileostomy after surgery for ulcerative colitis varied among institutions. Incidence of small bowel obstruction was high after total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis with diverting loop‐ileostomy. Shorter distance between the pouch and the stoma and the laparoscopic surgery were risk factors for SBO in univariate analysis.
Aktivierung einer Kohlenstoff‐Halogen‐Bindung durch selenbasierte Chalkogenbrücken
Authors: Wonner Patrick , Vogel Lukas , Düser Maximilian , Gomes Luís , Kniep Florian , Mallick Bert , Werz Daniel B. , Huber Stefan M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChalkogenbrücken sind bisher wenig erforschte nichtkovalente Wechselwirkungen, welche vergleichbar mit Halogenbrücken sind. Diese Arbeit beschreibt die erste Anwendung selenbasierter Chalkogenbrückendonoren als Lewis‐Säuren in der organischen Synthese. Als Testreaktion zur Halogenidabstraktion diente die Solvolyse von Benzylhydrylbromid. Chalkogenbrückendonoren, welche auf einem Bis(benzimidazolium)‐Grundgerüst basieren, ergaben Reaktionsbeschleunigungen in einer Größenordnung von 20–30 im Vergleich zur Hintergrundreaktion. Mehrere Vergleichsexperimente lieferten klare Hinweise darauf, dass die beobachtete Aktivierung auf Chalkogenbrücken zurückgeführt werden kann. Zudem sind die eingesetzten Chalkogenbrückendonoren dem entsprechenden bromierten Halogenbrückendonor in ihrer Aktivität überlegen.
Control versus Complexity: Approaches to the Carbon Dioxide Problem at IIASA
Authors: Schrickel Isabell 
Published: June 2017

AbstractZusammenfassung: Kontrolle versus Komplexität: Lösungsansätze für das Kohlendioxid‐Problem am IIASA. Am International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) haben in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren eine Reihe von Forschungsprojekten, Workshops und Konferenzen stattgefunden, in denen das Problem und die Folgen steigender atmosphärischer Kohlenstoffdioxid‐Konzentrationen diskutiert worden sind. Zahlreiche namhafte Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen, die später wichtige Protagonisten im Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) oder den Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaften werden sollten, waren an diesen Projekten beteiligt. Da am IIASA keine dezidiert geophysikalische oder klimawissenschaftliche Forschung stattfand, erscheint erklärungsbedürftig, in welchen Kontexten der Klimawandel zum Thema geworden ist. Dieser Artikel untersucht den historischen Kontext und stellt kontrastierend zwei konkurrierende Paradigmen, die Kohlenstoffdioxid‐Frage zu thematisieren, gegenüber: Das erste Paradigma war verbunden mit der Forschung zur Zukunft von Energiesystemen am IIASA und war geprägt von (geo‐)physikalischen, ingenieurtechnischen und orthodox‐ökonomischen Ansichten sowie von systemdynamischen Modellierungsansätzen; der zweite Ansatz war verbunden mit dem Ökologieprojekt am IIASA und der Entwicklung der Theorie komplexer dynamischer Systeme und zielte auf den Einsatz vielfältiger Methoden, um die Kohlenstoffdioxid‐Frage angemessen zu bewerten. Der erste Ansatz legte techno‐ökonomische Kontrollmechanismen nahe, der zweite resultierte in einem eher eingebetteten Verständnis des Klimawandels als Teilaspekt eines größeren Problemkomplexes nachhaltiger Entwicklung. Basierend auf Quellen aus dem Forschungsrepositorium und dem Institutsarchiv des IIASA rekonstruiert diese Studie die Hintergründe dieser konkurrierenden diskursiven Rahmungen und setzt diese in Beziehung zu den verschiedenen Forschungs‐ und Modellierungsstrategien, den daraus resultierenden Strategien und arbeitet einige Unterschiede in den damit verbundenen kulturellen und technologischen Vorstellungen heraus.
Data, Models and Earth History in Deep Convolution: Paleoclimate Simulations and their Epistemological Unrest
Authors: Rosol Christoph 
Published: June 2017

AbstractData, Models and Earth History in Deep Convolution: Paleoclimate Simulations and their Epistemological Unrest. Climate and Earth system models are not only used to project future conditions but also to re‐construct past climatic events. This is the second in a series of papers1 that argue that paleoclimatology, the study of climate prior to the period of direct, instrumental measurements, is an epistemically radical field, one which directly abolishes the distinction between data and model, and reconfigures the notion of experiment. In doing so our notion of deep (or geological) and shallow (or historical) time has become convoluted. The present paper shows, first, how the introduction of general circulation models not only shifted the analysis of the complex causes and processes of ancient climatic change toward numerical simulation techniques, but also how this very introduction was accompanied, if not also fundamentally impacted upon, by paleoclimatic questions in the first place. Second, these computer experiments, and the temporal processes and scales they make operative, turn out to be a potent catalyst in bringing about a new sense of the temporality in which our present transition into the Anthropocene unfolds. By discussing the historical development of paleoclimate modeling, and through examining the productive heuristic qualities of its practices, this paper introduces the unconventional and pragmatic episteme by which paleoclimate simulation challenges our fixation with the category of uncertainty.