bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The usefulness of dermoscopy in canine pattern alopecia: a descriptive study
Authors: Zanna Giordana , Roccabianca Paola , Zini Eric , Legnani Sara , Scarampella Fabia , Arrighi Silvana , Tosti Antonella 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundDermoscopic studies evaluating noninflammatory, nonpruritic progressive alopecia attributable to pattern alopecia are currently unavailable.Hypothesis/objectivesTo evaluate the dermoscopic features observed in healthy skin of short coated dogs and compare these findings with those observed in dogs affected by pattern alopecia diagnosed by clinical and dermatopathological examination.AnimalsThirty male and female, healthy, breed matched, young adult, short coated dogs (controls) and 30 male and female, young adult, short coated dogs affected by pattern alopecia.MethodsDermoscopy was performed with a Fotofinder II videodermoscope equipped with software that allowed the measurement of structures visualized in magnified images (20×–40×–70×). Skin biopsy samples were obtained from the thorax and evaluated dermoscopically for dermoscopic–histological correlation in affected dogs.ResultsDermoscopic findings in canine pattern alopecia were hair shaft thinning, circle hairs and follicular keratin plugs; in the affected sun exposed areas there was a honeycomb‐like pattern of pigmentation. Arborizing red lines reflecting vascularization were classified as a nonspecific finding because they were also common in healthy dogs. Dermoscopic features correlated with histology for selected hair follicle abnormalities.Conclusions and clinical importanceAlthough canine pattern alopecia is a visually striking disease, this study supports the value of dermoscopy for clinical examination and also opens promising perspectives for the identification of diagnostic dermoscopic patterns that may be useful for other skin disorders.
Left–right coordination from simple to extreme conditions during split‐belt locomotion in the chronic spinal adult cat
Authors: Frigon Alain , Desrochers Étienne , Thibaudier Yann , Hurteau Marie‐France , Dambreville Charline 
Published: July 2016

Key points
Coordination between the left and right sides is essential for dynamic stability during locomotion.
The immature or neonatal mammalian spinal cord can adjust to differences in speed between the left and right sides during split‐belt locomotion by taking more steps on the fast side.
We show that the adult mammalian spinal cord can also adjust its output so that the fast side can take more steps.
During split‐belt locomotion, only certain parts of the cycle are modified to adjust left–right coordination, primarily those associated with swing onset.
When the fast limb takes more steps than the slow limb, strong left–right interactions persist.
Therefore, the adult mammalian spinal cord has a remarkable adaptive capacity for left–right coordination, from simple to extreme conditions.
AbstractAlthough left–right coordination is essential for locomotion, its control is poorly understood, particularly in adult mammals. To investigate the spinal control of left–right coordination, a spinal transection was performed in six adult cats that were then trained to recover hindlimb locomotion. Spinal cats performed tied‐belt locomotion from 0.1 to 1.0 m s−1 and split‐belt locomotion with low to high (1:1.25–10) slow/fast speed ratios. With the left hindlimb stepping at 0.1 m s−1 and the right hindlimb stepping from 0.2 to 1.0 m s−1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 left–right step relationships could appear. The appearance of 1:2+ relationships was not linearly dependent on the difference in speed between the slow and fast belts. The last step taken by the fast hindlimb displayed longer cycle, stance and swing durations and increased extensor activity, as the slow limb transitioned to swing. During split‐belt locomotion with 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 relationships, the timing of stance onset of the fast limb relative to the slow limb and placement of both limbs at contact were invariant with increasing slow/fast speed ratios. In contrast, the timing of stance onset of the slow limb relative to the fast limb and the placement of both limbs at swing onset were modulated with slow/fast speed ratios. Thus, left–right coordination is adjusted by modifying specific parts of the cycle. Results highlight the remarkable adaptive capacity of the adult mammalian spinal cord, providing insight into spinal mechanisms and sensory signals regulating left–right coordination.
Advances in Climate Analysis and Monitoring: Reflections on 40 Years of Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshops
Authors: Ropelewski C. F. , Arkin P. A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We examine the progress in the analysis of climate variability through the lens of a 40-year series of annual Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshops initiated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1976. The evolution of climate data and data access, data analysis and display, and our understanding of the physical mechanisms associated with climate variability, as well as the evolution in the character of the workshops, are documented by reference to the series of workshop proceedings. This retrospective essay chronicles the transition from the mid-1970s, when individual investigators or their organizations held much of the climate data suitable for research, to the present day, where many of the key climate datasets are freely accessible on the Internet. In parallel we also chart the evolution in data analysis and display tools from hand-drawn line graphs of single-station data to color animations of regional and global fields based on satellite data, numerical models, and sophisticated analysis tools. Discussion of these two themes is augmented by documentation of the increasing understanding of the physical climate system as climate science moved away from the “bones of bare statistics” that characterized climate analysis in the mid–twentieth century toward the “flesh of physical understanding.”
A Modeling Study of the Causes and Predictability of the Spring 2011 Extreme U.S. Weather Activity
Authors: Schubert Siegfried , Chang Yehui , Wang Hailan , Koster Randal , Suarez Max 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This study examines the causes and predictability of the spring 2011 U.S. extreme weather using the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and Goddard Earth Observing System Model, version 5, (GEOS-5) atmospheric general circulation model simulations. The focus is on assessing the impact on precipitation of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, land conditions, and large-scale atmospheric modes of variability. A key result is that the April record-breaking precipitation in the Ohio River valley was primarily the result of the unforced development of a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like mode of variability with unusually large amplitude, limiting the predictability of the precipitation in that region at 1-month leads. SST forcing (La Niña conditions) contributed to the broader continental-scale pattern of precipitation anomalies, producing drying in the southern plains and weak wet anomalies in the northeast, while the impact of realistic initial North American land conditions was to enhance precipitation in the upper Midwest and produce deficits in the Southeast. It was further found that 1) the 1 March atmospheric initial condition was the primary source of the ensemble mean precipitation response over the eastern United States in April (well beyond the limit of weather predictability), suggesting an influence on the initial state of the previous SST forcing and/or tropospheric–stratospheric coupling linked to an unusually persistent and cold polar vortex; and 2) stationary wave model experiments suggest that the SST-forced base state for April enhanced the amplitude of the NAO response compared to that of the climatological state, though the impact is modest and can be of either sign.
Kinetic Study of Solute Permeation across Surfactant Micelle/Bulk Solvent Interface by Moment Analysis - Chromatographic Capillary Electrophoresis (MA-CCE)
Authors: Miyabe Kanji , Suzuki Nozomu 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We applied moment analysis (MA) with chromatographic capillary electrophoresis (CCE) to the analytical determination of rate constants (kin and kout) of solute permeation at the interface between a bulk solvent and surfactant micelles. CE experiments were carried out in the MEKC system using thymol and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as the solute and surfactant, respectively, under CCE conditions. In CCE mode, experimental conditions are controlled so that the migration of micelles, which dissolve single or plural solute molecules, is stopped in the axial direction of a capillary. Only solute molecules migrate in the capillary and are detected to record elution peak profiles. The mass-transfer kinetics of solute molecules in the capillary are determined from the elution peak profiles by the MA theory. The values of kin and kout were respectively determined as 1.5 × 10−6 and 2.6 × 10−9 m s−1 for the permeation of thymol molecules at the interfacial boundary of SDS micelle. It was demonstrated that MA-CCE was effective for the kinetic study of solute permeation across the interface between a bulk solvent and spherical molecular aggregates, e.g., surfactant micelles.
PEDAGOGIA NO CÁRCERE: HISTÓRIA E MEMÓRIA DAS PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS NAS UNIDADES PENAIS DO PARANÁ
Authors: Dudeque Pianovski Vieira Alboni Marisa , Zolinger Mendes Maxcimira Carlota 
Published: July 2016

O artigo tem como objetivo compreender em que medida o trabalho da professora pedagoga que atua em espaço de privação de liberdade possibilita aos apenados a garantia do direito à educação. O estudo se justifica por sua atualidade e relevância em termos de compreender que a prisão pode ser um espaço pedagógico de múltiplas possibilidades e potencialidades. Assim, buscou-se pesquisar: Quem são as profissionais que atuam dentro das prisões? De que forma o trabalho da pedagoga colabora para a implantação e efetivação da oferta de educação dentro dos espaços prisionais? Quais requisitos formativos e conhecimentos pedagógicos são imprescindíveis a essa profissional para atuar dentro desses espaços? Os estudos de Certeau (2011), Chartier (1990), Frago (1995), Foucault (2013), Freire (1983, 2011), Frison (2004), Gatti e Barreto (2009), Julia (2001), Ribeiro (2011) e Souza (2011) foram particularmente importantes para o aprofundamento da questão problema e ampliaram a percepção da vivência pedagógica nos espaços de privação de liberdade. As reflexões deste estudo resultam de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa de caráter bibliográfico, documental e de campo. A pesquisa de campo consistiu de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com cinco pedagogas de unidades penais do Estado do Paraná. O estudo suscita novos e relevantes debates acerca da formação do profissional pedagogo para atuação em espaços diversos, como é o caso da prisão, favorecendo reflexões a respeito da necessidade de um trabalho pedagógico consistente e emancipador para além do cárcere.
ESTILOS DE APRENDIZAJE EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA EN UNA UNIVERSIDAD DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Royert Judith Martinez , Felicetti Vera Lucia 
Published: July 2016

Este artículo de investigación presenta un estudio que tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los estilos de aprendizaje en estudiantes de Enfermería de la Universidad de Sucre (Colombia). La metodología de estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo cuya base de datos estaba conformada por las respuestas de 212 estudiantes seleccionados por medio de un muestreo intencional, que respondieron los cuestionarios CHAEA “Cuestionario Honey-Alonso de Estilos de Aprendizaje” y el ILS “Inventario de estilos de aprendizaje”. Con el fin de hacer una caracterización más completa, la preferencia de los estilos se identificó a partir de dos modelos o tipologías, la de Gallego y Alonso (CHAEA) y el modelo de Felder y Silverman (ILS). Los resultados mostraron una preferencia por el estilo equilibrado con el modelo ILS y por el estilo reflexivo con el CHAEA. Además se registró un hallazgo contradictorio, el estilo reflexivo estuvo ausente en el modelo ILS.
Los grandes proyectos urbanos y la construcción de «lo público»
Authors: Rosenstein Mg. Arq. Claudia , Chajchir Arq. Eduardo , Molteni Arq. Gustavo , Formica Arq. Diego Luis , Ruani Arq. José Luis 
Published: July 2016

Entendiendo a la ciudad como el soporte espacial de la vida colectiva de una sociedad y campo de lucha entre múltiples actores, las intervenciones urbanas estarán determinadas por la puja de esos intereses y por la «idea de ciudad» que se imponga.En este marco surgen grandes operaciones de renovación urbana como parte de la reestructuración neoliberal de la economía.Así, este trabajo se propone analizar el impacto que los GPU producen en la construcción físico–social de la ciudad y determinar quiénes se benefician y quiénes pierden.Recurrimos al estudio de casos: Puerto Madero en CABA y Puerto Norte en Rosario. La información se recaba a través de fuentes secundarias y se comparan posturas de diversos autores.Las conclusiones preliminares determinarían que estos proyectos no constituyen una alternativa a favor de la ciudadanía ya que parten de priorizar la promoción del territorio mediante una lógica empresarial. El proyecto de arquitectura queda disociado del proyecto urbano y produce barreras tanto físicas como simbólicas.Aun así, el estudio de casos demostraría que estos impactos pueden atenuarse en función de la capacidad de las gestiones locales de generar instrumentos de recupero de plusvalía urbana que redundaría en beneficio de los ciudadanos.
Palabras clave
Actores urbanos; Espacio público; Ciudadanía; Gestión local; Suelo urban
Configuración espacial de espacios colectivos dentro de dinámicas formativas
Authors: Chiappini Mg. Arq. María Cecilia , Scheerlinck Dr. Mg. Arq. Kris , Schoonjans Dr. Mg. Arq. Yves 
Published: July 2016

La investigación pretende producir conocimiento sobre las configuraciones espaciales de los espacios colectivos donde la infraestructura de gran escala impulsa transformaciones urbanas. El foco está puesto en el significado, el carácter y las cualidades programáticas de los espacios urbanos en transformación como resultado de procesos fluctuantes. Se abordan las dinámicas de formación complejas de los streetscapes urbanos, las conjugaciones espaciales no tradicionales de espacios, bordes y territorios. Estos espacios encierran condiciones imprevisibles de proximidad, territorialidad, permeabilidad y bordes críticos que aquí son investigadas a través de parámetros específicos, su manifestación e interacción en el tiempo. Este abordaje puede contribuir a impulsar proyectos de arquitectura y urbanismo como prácticas tecno–culturales innovadoras en donde las infraestructuras se integren mejor en la trama urbana, aspecto urgente, dada las condiciones de hipercomplejidad de las realidades urbanas contemporáneas. En el caso de la Plaza de las Glorias Catalanas, en Barcelona, la actual transformación de un espacio abierto dominado por el movimiento vehicular circundado de manifestaciones espaciales de gran variedad, en una centralidad urbana formaliza, es usado para exponer la compleja convergencia de streetscapes e infraestructuras urbanas en los procesos de transformación urbana contemporánea.
Palabras clave
Bordes críticos; Territorialidad fluctuante; Streetscapes urbanos; Morfogénesis
A research about the effects of personality traits over tourism management department preferences<p>Kişilik özelliklerinin turizm bölümleri tercihlerine etkileri üzerine bir araştırma
Authors: Şengel Ümit , İbiş Salim , Zengin Burhanettin , Batman Orhan 
Published: July 2016

Tourism industry maintains its rapid growing rate both in the world and Turkey in recent years. Since tourism industry is service-driven, human resource is considerably important. Therefore a great number of qualified labour force is needed and the importance of educational institutions that are aim to train labour force for tourism industry is increased. The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between the reason to prefer tourism department and personality traits of tourism students In this study, examining the relation between personality -the term that is related to human’s psychological and physiological structure- and department preference enhances its importance. Survey form technique has been used as data collecting tool. Obtained data was analysed by using SPSS and LISREL Soft wares. Regression analysis shows personality traits explains 32% of career opportunities, 17% of professional convenience and 28% sectoral attractiveness among the reason to prefer tourism department. ÖzetTurizm endüstrisi son yıllarda hem dünya genelinde hem de Türkiye’de hızlı bir büyüme seyri göstermektedir. Turizm, hizmet ağırlıklı bir endüstri olması nedeni ile turizmde insan kaynağı oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Bu durum da çok sayıda yetişmiş elemana ihtiyacı ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu nedenle turizm endüstrisine eleman yetiştirmeye yönelik eğitim veren kurumların da önemi son yıllarda artmıştır. Bu Araştırmada turizm eğitimi alan öğrencilerin turizm bölümünü tercih etme nedenleri ile kişilik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırmada insanın psikolojik veya fizyolojik yapısı ile ilgili bir kavram olan kişiliğin bölüm tercihi ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi araştırmayı literatür açısından önemli hale getirmektedir. Araştırmanın veri toplamasında anket tekniği tercih edilmiştir. Kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 285 turizm lisans öğrencilerinden yüz yüze anketler doldurtularak veriler elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS ve LISREL programlarından faydalanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları kişilik özelliklerinin turizm bölümü tercih sebeplerini etkileyen bir faktör oluğunu; turizm bölümü tercih sebeplerinin boyutlarından kariyer fırsatlarını yaklaşık %32, mesleki kolaylığı yaklaşık %17 ve sektörel çekiciliği ise yaklaşık %28 oranında açıkladığını ortaya koymaktadır.
Legal Environment for Organic Production in the Eu and Ukraine / Pprávne Prostredie Pre Ekologickú Produkciu V Eú A Na Ukrajine
Authors: Zelenska Kateryna 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Agricultural exporters tend to enter into contracts containing quality or standard clauses. These provisions may refer to either international public standards or standards set by private bodies. The second are usually more dynamic and thereby may respond to the consumers’ demand more quickly. However, high participation costs may exclude a large share of producers from private standards schemes. The state may pick certain socially desirable private standards and evolve them to the public regulation, as it was the case of the rules on organic farming in the EU. The government may introduce aid to encourage all interested actors to participate in the scheme, although the policy space left for the government to do so is limited by the WTO disciplines for domestic support.
Is emotional eating a problem of concern among adolescents in poor countries? An example from Sudan
Authors: Musaiger Abdulrahman O. , Nabag Fatima O. , Al-Mannai Mariam A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Objective:
Although emotional eating is positively associated with serious health problems such as obesity and eating disorders, it is rarely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of emotional eating among urban adolescents in Sudan, one of the poorest countries in the world.

Methods:
A multistage stratified sampling method was used to select adolescents aged 14–18 years from governmental schools in Khartoum State, the capital of Sudan. The total sample selected was 945 (507 males, 438 females). A self-reported validated questionnaire was used to collect the data.

Results:
Of the males, 57% eat mostly or sometimes while watching television, compared with 62% of females (p<0.036). Females were more likely to eat when angered than males (9.6% and 5.7%, eat mostly when angered, respectively, p<0.02). There were no statistically significant differences between males and females regarding eating late at night, eating when bored and eating when anxious.

Conclusion:
The findings revealed that emotional eating is a growing problem among urban adolescents in Sudan. This creates the need to incorporate emotional eating in any prevention plan to promote healthy eating among these adolescents.
The Sigma Cognitive Architecture and System: Towards Functionally Elegant Grand Unification
Authors: Rosenbloom Paul S. , Demski Abram , Ustun Volkan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSigma (Σ) is a cognitive architecture and system whose development is driven by a combination of four desiderata:grand unification,generic cognition,functional elegance, andsufficient efficiency. Work towards these desiderata is guided by thegraphical architecture hypothesis, that key to progress on them is combining what has been learned from over three decades’ worth of separate work oncognitive architecturesandgraphical models. In this article, these four desiderata are motivated and explained, and then combined with the graphical architecture hypothesis to yield a rationale for the development of Sigma. The current state of the cognitive architecture is then introduced in detail, along with the graphical architecture that sits below it and implements it. Progress in extending Sigma beyond these architectures and towards a full cognitive system is then detailed in terms of both a systematic set of higher levelcognitive idiomsthat have been developed and severalvirtual humansthat are built from combinations of these idioms. Sigma as a whole is then analyzed in terms of how well the progress to date satisfies the desiderata. This article thus provides the first full motivation, presentation and analysis of Sigma, along with a diversity of more specific results that have been generated during its development.
Phenotypic homogeneity with minor deviance in osmotic fragility of Sahel goat erythrocytes in non-ionic sucrose media during various physiologic states
Authors: Igbokwe Nanacha Afifi , Igbokwe Ikechukwu Onyebuchi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background:
Erythrocyte swelling in non-ionic sucrose media and the subsequent osmotic lysis are influenced by mechanisms of regulatory volume adjustment and osmotic water permeability. Kinetics of transmembrane water and ion fluxes in varied physiologic states may determine the phenotype of erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) and affect estimates of EOF.

Methods:
Effects of sex, age, late pregnancy (third trimester) and lactation on the haemolysis of Sahel goat erythrocytes incubated in a series of hyposmotic non-ionic sucrose media were investigated.

Results:
The fragiligram was sigmoidal in 72 (97%) out of 74 goats. Two male (3%) goats with low and high extreme median erythrocyte fragilities (MEF), had non-sigmoidal curves. The mean fragilities at osmolarities of 30–300 mosmol/L of sucrose and the mean osmolarities responsible for 10%–90% haemolysis (CH10–CH90) were not significantly different between males and non-pregnant dry (NPD) females, amongst the age groups and between pregnant or lactating and NPD female goats. The MEF (CH50) of the goats were at osmolarities of 126–252 mosmol/L (median of data: 171 mosmol/L) with a mean of 175.24±16.20 mosmol/L. Therefore, phenotypic homogeneity of EOF occurred with minor deviance, since EOF variables were not differentiated by sex, age, late pregnancy or lactation.

Conclusions:
Physiologic states of the goat did not affect EOF phenotype in non-ionic sucrose media. Sigmoidal fragility phenotype seemed to be homogeneously conserved by osmoregulatory mechanisms not partitioned by sex, age, late pregnancy or lactation, but a minor non-sigmoidal curve might have occurred due to altered erythrocyte osmotic behaviour that would require further investigation.