bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreign Direct Investments In Bangladesh: Some Recent Trends And Implications
Authors: Manzoor Sonia H. , Chowdhury Manzoor E. 
Published: December 2016

For many developing nations, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been viewed as a powerful instrument for economic development. In particular, FDI has become a major source of capital formation and an instrument for facilitating knowledge transfer. Expansion of FDI has led countries to build physical capital, increase employment, trade, and gross domestic product, and consequently helped to eradicate poverty. Using secondary data for Bangladesh, this paper investigates the effect of FDI on some major economic indicators of growth and examines the functional relationship between FDI and indicators.
Effect of stocking density on water and soil quality, growth, production and profitability of farming Indian major carps
Authors: Bag Narayan , Moulick Sanjib , Mal Bimal Chandra 
Published: December 2016

Indian major carps (IMCs), catla (Catla catla); rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) were cultured at stocking densities of 20000 (T1), 35000 (T2) and 50000 (T3) fingerlings ha-1 for a period of 300 days in nine numbers of polythene lined ponds having an average water area of 150 m2. Stocking ratio of catla, rohu and mrigal were 4:3:3. Fishes were fed 35% protein diet twice daily. Water pH was maintained within the ideal range (6 - 9) by intermittent liming. Significantly lower (p<0.05) levels of dissolved oxygen and higher values of total ammonia- nitrogen were recorded at higher stocking densities compared to lower ones. Significantly higher (p<0.05) specific growth rate (SGR) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded in T1 compared to T2 and T3. However, maximum production was recorded in T3 followed by T2 and T1. Highest values of investment as well as income were recorded in T3 followed by T2 and T1. However, the maximum net return was obtained in T1 (`140147±7048) followed by T3 (` 133694±7931) and T2 (`101944±4857). Further, significantly higher (p<0.05) profitability (PI) was recorded in T1 (85.51%) compared to T2 (45.03%) and T3 (45.04%). The results clearly showed that profitability of the culture system could not be increased only by increasing stocking densities.
Reproductive biology of the freshwater murrel Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793) from River Gomti of Lucknow region, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Kashyap Ankur , Awasthi Madhu , Serajuddin M. 
Published: December 2016

A total of 187 samples of Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793) from River Gomti of Lucknow region, Uttar Pradesh were studied during 2011. The sex ratio of 1: 0.84 was not significantly different from 1:1. Monthly variation in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and maximum number of stage IV gonads encountered in the months of May to August indicated that the spawning season extends for about 4 months and spawning was high during the monsoon season. Absolute fecundity varied from 11000 to 28000, with an average value of 14920. Fecundity was found to be highly correlated to the total length (r = 0.9201), body weight (r = 0.9133) and weight of ovary (r = 0.8536) with all correlation coefficients being highly significant (p<0.0001). Total length (TL) of fish and weight of the ovary also highly correlated (r = 0.9551, p<0.0001). This study provides primary information on reproductive parameters of C. punctatus from River Gomti which can be utilised for management of the resource.
Mixed culture of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) and flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) in floating cages
Authors: Ghosh Shubhadeep , Ranjan Ritesh , Megarajan Sekar , Pattnaik Phalguni , Dash Biswajit , Edward Loveson 
Published: December 2016

The study explored the possibility of integrating the grey mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) along with Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) in floating cage culture in Godavary Estuary, India. Post-larvae (PL 12) of L. vannamei (3 lakhs nos.), were acclimatised and nursed in five hapas for 28 days at a density of 3333 nos. m-2, with survival of 60%. L. vannamei juveniles having mean weight of 0.86 g, stocked at a density of 1060 nos. m-2, were cultured along with and without pre-stocked M. cephalus, in three floating cages each. Six thousand fry of M. cephalus (mean length 4.17 cm; mean weight 1.22 g) were stocked in three cages at uniform density of 23.5 nos. m-3, three months prior to stocking of L. vannamei. Shrimps were fed commercial pellets @ 3-8% of body weight, four times daily and harvested after 68 days. Fishes were fed with pelleted feed and after five months attained mean length of 23.7 cm and mean weight of 274.1 g. Survival was 46.4% and the average production obtained was 250.2 kg. At harvest, L. vannamei in monoculture system attained mean weight of 13.3 g and in the mixed culture system, average weight obtained for the shrimps was 13.5 g. Survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and production of L. vannamei from monoculture were 64.7%, 2.0 and 258.9 kg and from mixed culture 76.8%, 1.6 and 311.5 kg respectively. Daily weight increment and specific growth rate (SGR) of L. vannamei was 0.18 g and 4.06 for monoculture and 0.19 g and 4.01 for mixed culture, resepectively. Feed conversion, survival and production of L. vannamei were significantly (p<0.05) better in mixed culture, confirming technical superiority of mixed culture over monoculture.
Socio-economic development of fishers in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states in India
Authors: Ponnusamy Kuppusamy , Sendhil R. , Krishnan M. 
Published: December 2016

A study was conducted across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states among 647 fisher households comprising five major sectors viz., brackishwater, freshwater, reservoir and marine fisheries as well as procurement and marketing sectors to understand the level of socio-economic development of fishers. Fishers development index (FDI) was constructed based on health, income and literacy dimensions. Analysis of data indicated that the literacy level was highest among marine fishers (51.45%), followed by brackishwater aquaculture (45.61%) and fish procurement and marketing sector (36.26%). Fishers in coastal areas tend to have better access to education than the fishers of inland water bodies. Incidence of common diseases (annual frequency) was more in the brackishwater aquaculture relative to other sectors in the study region. The position of educational and health status of fishers warrants a strong need to improve the access of fishers to health related services for overall development. High income from the marine sector and a relatively higher weightage (37%) to the income dimension played a major role for its FDI score. Freshwater aquaculture took the top score in health, while reservoir fisheries ranked first in literacy. A multi-dimensional approach would enhance the income and employment generation of the fishers to match with the development of the rest in the society.
Variations in growth rates of cage cultured Asian seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) and cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) in relation to environmental quality of marine farm at Karwar, India
Authors: Loka Jayasree , Philipose K.K. , Vaidya N.G. , Sonali S.M. , Dube Praveen 
Published: December 2016

Growth rates of cage cultured Asian seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) and cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) in relation to the water and sediment quality of marine farm at Karwar for two consecutive crops (2012-13 and 2013-14) were analysed. No significant variation was observed in the specific growth rate (SGR) of both the species between the crops. But within a crop, variations were observed in the SGR and absolute growth rate (AGR) of both the species (p<0.05). Specific growth rate of cobia was 0.75 and 0.78 % day-1 in 210 days of culture for the years 2012-13 and 2013-14 respectively. Physico-chemical parameters of water at cage and reference sites did not vary significantly, except for ammonia-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen levels at cage site between and within the crops. No significant variation was observed in total bacterial and Vibrio loads of water in cage site between the crops but significant variation was observed within the crop. The results revealed that temperature (r = +0.61 for 2012-13 and +0.63 for 2013-14) and salinity (r = +0.6 for 2012-13 and +0.5 for 2013-14) played a major role on SGR of cobia during both the crops with higher AGR recorded during summer months. In case of Asian seabass, no significant impact of temperature and salinity on SGR was noticed during the experimental period.
Assessment of impact of fishing on Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) in Tuticorin, south-east coast of India
Authors: Sivadas M. , Sathakkathullah S. Mohamed , Kumar K. Suresh , Kannan K. 
Published: December 2016

Fishery of the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) from Tuticorin was studied for the period 2011-2014. Indian mackerel formed fishery round the year in Tuticorin with peak during June to November in trawl and October to December in gillnet. The annual catch varied from 1650 to 5101 t (average 2968 t) in gillnet and from 815 to 1716 t (average 1231 t) in trawl. Total length (TL) of the fishes ranged from 10 to 30.5 cm. Length-weight relationship estimated was W = 0.0038777*L3.3 (r2 = 0.99, n = 535, L=TL in cm, W in g). The fishes were found to be continuous spawners with peak spawning during January to August and November. The von Bertalanffy growth equation derived was Lt = 31.2 [1-e -1.3(t+t0)]. The species attained TL of 22.7 cm in 12 months and 28.9 cm by the end of second year. Longevity estimated was 2.3 years, Phi-prime index (ᴓ) was 7.143, while Z and M were 4.36 and 2.132 respectively. Thompson and Bell model showed continuous increase of yield even after considerable rise in F-factor. Spawning stock biomass (SSB) was 79% at an f-factor of 3.5. F0.1 using Beverton and Holt Y/R model was 3.4 whereas the present F was 2.23 indicating that the current level of fishing is not affecting the stock adversely.
Comparison of reproductive performance of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) collected from three Indian rivers
Authors: Charan Ravi , Dube Kiran , Babu P. P. Suresh , Roy S. Dam , Sharma Rupam , Rao P. Srinivasa , Prasad J. Krishna , Angel J. Raymond Jani 
Published: December 2016

A study was conducted to compare the reproductive performance of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) collected from three different rivers viz., Krishna in Andhra Pradesh, Godavari in Maharashtra and Narmada in Madhya Pradesh. Twenty pairs of brooders from each location were randomly selected and induced with pituitary extract (P) and ovaprim (O). Reproductive performance in terms of stripping percentage, pseudo gonado-somatic index, spawning, fecundity, fertilisation rate, hatching rate and survival rate as well as fry rearing performance in terms of percentage weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate were monitored. Brooders collected from Godavari exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher values for all the reproductive performances indicators compared to brooders collected from Narmada and Krishna rivers. But fishes collected from Krishna River exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) fry survival. Fry produced from Godavari brooders attained highest (p<0.05) percentage weight gain (1085.88±37.41), SGR (17.61±0.19) and fry survival rate (43.67±1.45) in comparison to Narmada. Results clearly indicated that reproductive performance varied significantly among the brooders collected from the three different rivers.
Within‐Field Profitability Analysis Informs Agronomic Management Decisions in the Mid‐Atlantic USA
Authors: Kinoshita Rintaro , van Es Harold , Dantinne John , Twining Mike 
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas
Site‐specific profitability and yield constraint information can inform future management.
Removing consistently unprofitable areas can increase overall field profitability.
Temporally variable profitability areas may benefit from site‐specific in‐season management.
Yields vary spatially and temporally at the field scale, and recent adoption of yield monitoring has accumulated large amounts of yield data. We assessed within‐field spatial patterns of profitability using grower‐collected yield data and input cost information for fields in the Mid‐Atlantic United States. Three types of profitability pattern categories were identified: economically sensitive, clear profitable–unprofitable zones, and all‐profitable. For fields with areas of permanent yield constraints, we demonstrated that the removal of unprofitable areas can increase overall field profitability. The combination of site‐ and time‐specific profitability and yield constraint information can inform future management optimization, including removing field areas from crop production and improving site‐specific in‐season management strategies.
Decision Support Software for Soybean Growers: Analyzing Maturity Group and Planting Date Tradeoffs for the US Midsouth
Authors: Popp Michael , Purcell Larry , Salmerón Montserrat 
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas
Modifying maturity group and planting date in soybean affects yield potential, yield risk, phenology, soybean price, and irrigation needs.
Choosing among a set of 14 planting dates and 8 relative maturity groups is complex.
Decision support software can help compare between relative maturity groups.
Among other choices, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] producers in the Midsouthern United States face decisions regarding the optimum maturity group (MG) to select for a given planting date and location. From a profitability perspective, weather‐driven irrigation water needs and harvest date implications on seasonal sale price complicate planting choices. Using a large set of experimental trials conducted across 10 locations in the Midsouth, the DSSAT‐CROPGRO‐Soybean crop simulation model was validated. Thereafter, the model was used to create a database of simulated 30‐year yield and irrigation water needs based on past weather data for 13 locations. With that data, a spreadsheet‐based tool was developed to compare soybean planting strategies by selecting from 2 soil textures, 14 different planting weeks, and 8 relative maturity group (rMG) choices ranging from rMG 3.0 to 3.4 to rMG 6.5 to 6.9 in 0.5‐rMG intervals at each location. User‐specific comparisons allow insights on yield potential, yield risk, phenology, irrigation needs, soybean price, and irrigation cost sensitivity analysis as well as profitability assessment across MGs and planting dates.
Long‐term Effect of Open‐Spoon Aerification on Plant and Soil Properties of Community Level Sports Fields
Authors: Straw Chase M. , Grubbs Rebecca A. , Henry Gerald M. , Carrow Robert N. , Cline Van 
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas
In 2013, 47% of sports turf managers reported using open‐spoon aerification.
Long‐term effect of open‐spoon aerification was minimal on measured properties.
It is recommended that sports turf managers explore other cultivation techniques.
Aerification is a common cultivation practice used on natural turfgrass sports fields to alleviate soil compaction, improve plant growth, and enhance field playability and safety. Minimal research has evaluated the effect of open‐spoon (OS) aerification on sports fields, although it is one of the most common forms of aerification. The objective of this 2‐year, in situ study was to evaluate the effect of OS aerification timing and frequency on the soil compaction (penetration resistance), surface hardness, turfgrass vigor (normalized difference vegetative index; NDVI), and root mass of two community level sports fields (sand and sandy loam soils). Treatments were applied May through September in 2013 and 2014 and included a single aerification event (late spring or midsummer) or multiple aerifications (two, three, or four times) each year. Data were collected in May 2013 (baseline), 2014, and 2015 to determine long‐term treatment effects after each year. There were no significant differences between treatments for any measured variable after 1 or 2 years on the sand field. The only significant difference observed on the sandy loam field was in 2014 with respect to surface hardness in response to four OS aerification events. However, in 2015, after 2 years of aerification, there were no observed differences between treatments for any measured variable. These results conclude that the long‐term effects of using OS aerification, up to four times per year, are minimal. It is recommended that sports turf managers explore other cultivation techniques to improve soil compaction dynamics of community level sports fields.
A Three‐Dimensional View on Soil Biogeochemistry: A Dataset for a Forested Headwater Catchment
Authors: Gottselig N. , Wiekenkamp I. , Weihermüller L. , Brüggemann N. , Berns A. E. , Bogena H. R. , Borchard N. , Klumpp E. , Lücke A. , Missong A. , Pütz T. , Vereecken H. , Huisman J. A. , Bol R. 
Published: December 2016

Current understanding of the variability in soil properties and their relationship to processes and spatial patterns in forested landscapes is limited due to the scarcity of datasets providing such information. Here we present a spatially highly resolved dataset (http://teodoor.icg.kfa‐juelich.de/ibg3searchportal2/dispatch?metadata.detail.view.id=e3886301‐7252‐4142‐b1a4‐333dfe7f1ca4) that provides detailed information on the three‐dimensional variability of biogeochemical properties in the Wüstebach catchment (western Germany), a long‐term environmental observation site of the TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories) project. High‐resolution soil sampling was conducted, and physical and biogeochemical soil parameters were recorded per horizon. The dataset is helpful in the analysis of the spatial heterogeneity in biogeochemical properties within soil horizons and with depth through the soil profile. In addition, it shows links between hydrological and biogeochemical properties and processes within the system. Overall, the dataset provides a high‐resolution view into (re)cycling, leaching, and storage of nutrients on the catchment scale in a forested headwater catchment.Core Ideas
A dataset with 3‐D views of biogeochemical soil parameters in a forested headwater catchment is described.
Dataset provides information on spatial heterogeneity and vertical distribution of nutrients.
Transdisciplinary approach: soil chemistry, soil physics, and long‐term monitoring data.
Penyampaian Informasi oleh Perawat dalam Persetujuan Tindakan Medis di Rumah Sakit: Permasalahan dan Solusi
Authors: Satiti Yudha Rose , Susilo Harsono , Dewanto Aryo 
Published: December 2016

Tuntutan hukum di bidang kesehatan menjadi perhatian utama rumah sakit di Indonesia karena menghabiskan waktu, biaya dan mencemarkan citra rumah sakit. Banyak kasus dugaan malpraktik terjadi karena kurang baiknya penyampaian informasi yang berisiko terhadap tuntutan hukum dan mutu rumah sakit. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara observasi di ruang rawat inap dan UGD, untuk mengamati proses penyampaian Â tiap tindakan medis yang dilakukan oleh perawat. Observasi dilakukan berdasarkan PERMENKES Nomor 290/MENKES/PER/III/2008 tentang Persetujuan Tindakan Medis. Untuk mencari akar dari penyebab masalah dilakukan brainstorming dengan peserta 6 orang terdiri dari kepala perawat dan tim mutu dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan fishbone dan teknik â€œ5 Whysâ€ untuk mencari akar masalah. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan hanya 50% tindakan yang ada formulir tindakan dilakukan persetujuan informasi medis sebelum tindakan dan 100% tindakan yang tidak ada formulir, semua persetujuan informasi medis dilakukan sebelum tindakan. Penjelasan tindakan masih sangat rendah berkisar antara 0-30%. Dari hasil brainstorming didapatkan akar permasalahan adalah pemahaman cara menjelaskan informasi medis rendah, belum ada SK pendelegasian pada perawat untuk menyampaikan informasi medis, sistem pengawasan belum berjalan, SOP kurang jelas atau kurang spesifik, belum ada alat bantu untuk menjelaskan dan perawat tidak tahu cara komunikasi atau penyampaian yang benar. Hasil penentuan alternatif solusi dengan metode McNamara menemukan bahwa alternatif solusi terbaik adalah pembuatan leaflet terkait penjelasan informasi medis dan flyer untuk edukasi pasien.Kata Kunci: Flyer edukasi, Informasi medis, persetujuan tindakan medis
Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Rendahnya Pelaporan Insiden di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi
Authors: T Marlina Adrini , Harijanto Tuti , U Endah Woro 
Published: December 2016

Keselamatan pasien merupakan bagian penting dalam meningkatkan Â mutu pelayanan rumah sakit. Salah satu dari tujuh langkah menuju keselamatan pasien adalah mengembangkan Sistim Pelaporan. Berdasarkan hasil pelaporan IKP di RSUD Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi selama periode Desember 2013-Agustus 2014 , laporanan dari Instalasi Farmasi hanya ada 2 (dua). Â Hal ini menimbulkan kekuatiran bahwa rendahnya pelaporan insiden di Instalasi Farmasi dikarenakan banyak kejadian/insiden yang tidak dilaporkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi, menganalisis dan menentukan Â faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya pelaporan insiden di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode brainstroming dan Focus Group Discussion dengan petugas farmasi dan jajaran manajemen terkait. Hasil pengamatan dan pencatatan menunjukkan 40 KNC dengan 50% terjadi pada tahap prescribing, 37,5% tahap transcribing, dan 12,5% pada tahap dispensing sedangkan pada tahap administration tidak ditemukan KNC. Menurut hasil analisa faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaporan insiden adalah pengetahuan petugas farmasi kurang tentang apa yang harus dilaporkan dan bagaimana pelaporannya. Formulir untuk pelaporan KNC/KPC yang sederhana dan sistematis juga belum ada. Sebagai solusinya Â diperlukan pelatihan pelaporan insiden kepada seluruh petugas farmasi. Selanjutnya dibutuhkan komitmen dari pihak direksi, manajemen dan tim KPRS untuk melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi tentang pelaporan IKP dengan cara Â visitasi secara periodik dan melalui rapat bulanan. Hasil menunjukkan 40 KNC dengan 50% terjadi pada tahap prescribing, 37,5% tahap transcribing, dan 12,5% pada tahap dispensing sedangkan pada tahap administration tidak ditemukan KNC.Kata Kunci: Instalasi farmasi, Keselamatan Pasien Rumah Sakit (KPRS), Pelaporan Insiden Keselamatan Pasien (IKP)
Faktor Penghambat Pelaksanaan SPO 7 Benar dalam Pemberian Obat di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Panti Nirmala
Authors: Sthephani Pratiwi , Dewanto Aryo , I Cecilia Widijati 
Published: December 2016

Laporan keselamatan pasien RS Panti Nirmala terdapat 34,1% kejadian yang berhubungan terhadap kesalahan pemberian obat. Hal ini mengindikasikan pelaksanaan pemberian obat berdasarkan 7 benar belum berjalan dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi, menganalisis faktor penghambat pelaksanaan pemberian obat berdasarkan 7 benar sesuai standar prosedur operasional (SPO)di ruang rawat inap RS Panti Nirmala. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode observasi terhadap 39 perawat pelaksana di 7 unit ruang rawat inap pada shift pagi dan sore waktu pemberian obat, baik obat oral dan intravena. Setelah melakukan observasi, peneliti memberikan kuesioner untuk mengukur pengetahuan, sikap dan kemauan perawat. Kuesioner dibagikan kepada 49 orang perawat pelaksana ruang rawat inap. Hasil observasi menunjukkan 64,9% perawat melakukan benar pasien, 86,5% perawat melakukan benar obat, 64,9% perawat melakukan benar waktu, dan 100% perawat melakukan benar dosis, benar cara dan dokumentasi. Hasil kuesioner menunjukkan terdapat 89% perawat rawat inap RSPN memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang prinsip 7 benar. Perawat juga memiliki sikap yang baik dalam pelaksanaan pemberian obat berdasarkan tujuh benar dan mau menjalankan prinsip tujuh benar dalam pemberian obat. Hal tersebut disebabkan kurangnya komunikasi yang efektif pada perawat terhadap pasien maupun keluarga.Â Kata Kunci: 7 benar, pemberian obat, perawat