bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximal Gastrocnemius Release in the Treatment of Mechanical Metatarsalgia
Authors: Morales-Muñoz Patricia , De Los Santos Real Raúl , Barrio Sanz Patricia , Pérez Jose Luis , Varas Navas Jesús , Escalera Alonso Javier 
Published: April 2016

Background: Gastrocnemius shortening causes an equinus deformity that may clinically manifest in foot disorders, including metatarsalgia. We use this term to describe pain localized to the metatarsal heads. The purposes of this prospective study were to review the effect of medial gastrocnemius proximal release on ankle dorsiflexion and assess the outcome of this technique on pain and functional limitations in patients who have mechanical metatarsalgia and isolated gastrocnemius shortening. Methods: We prospectively followed a consecutive series of 78 feet in 52 patients with metatarsalgia who had an isolated gastrocnemius contracture assessed with the Silfverskiöld test. Surgical release was evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scales. Ankle dorsiflexion was measured at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Results: Preoperative values of VAS and AOFAS were 7.4 and 46.8, respectively. After 3 months postoperatively, the values were 3.0 and 81.7, and 6 months after surgery these values were 3.5 and 83.6. No patient worsened clinically. There were no major complications. Thirty-six patients (69.2%) were completely satisfied with the results of the surgery. Preoperatively, ankle dorsiflexion with the knee straight was −17.5 degrees, which improved to 2.5 degrees at 6 months postoperatively. Conclusion: We believe proximal medial gastrocnemius recession is an alternate procedure to treat selected patients with mechanical metatarsalgia and gastrocnemius shortening. It had acceptable morbidity and cosmetic results. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Contrast Therapy and Heat Therapy in Subacute Stage of Grade I and II Lateral Ankle Sprains
Authors: Weerasekara R. M. I. M. , Tennakoon S. U. B. , Suraweera H. J. 
Published: April 2016

Objective. This study was conducted to determine the most effective thermal modality; heat or contrast therapy—in reducing pain, reducing swelling, and increasing range of movement (ROM) of the grade I and II lateral ankle sprain in the prechronic stage of the subacute phase. Design. Randomized control trail. Methods. One hundred and fifteen participants of both genders who were diagnosed as having grade I or II lateral ankle sprain were randomly assigned to the study on the fifth day of injury. Pain, volume, and ROM were recorded before and after treatment continuously for 3 days. Results. Effects were evaluated as “Immediately after application” and “3 days after continuous application.” Immediately after application, there was no difference between the 2 modalities on ankle ROM; heat reduced pain over contrast therapy, and both modalities increased swelling. When considering the effects after continuous application for 3 days, no difference was found between the 2 modalities on ROM and the reduction of pain. Contrast therapy reduced swelling while heat caused increased swelling even after 3 days. Conclusion. The use of different thermal modalities during the transition from the acute to chronic phase of injury can be suggested as effective treatment options according to the objectives of injury management: pain reduction, improve ROM, and swelling management. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level II: Randomized clinical trial
Legal security in Russia: General characteristics and ways of optimization
Authors: Братановский Сергей , Bratanovsky Sergey , Галицкая Наталья , Galitskaya Natalya 
Published: April 2016

In article the characteristic of system of standard legal
support of safety in Russia is given. Scientific classification of the
specified acts is offered and analyzed. Ways of improvement of the
legislation in the sphere of safety are investigated. The contents of
the Federal law &#34;About civil defense&#34; are exposed to the critical
analysis. The reasoned offer on need of its cancellation becomes.
Abortion Stigma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hanschmidt Franz , Linde Katja , Hilbert Anja , Riedel‐ Heller Steffi G. , Kersting Anette 
Published: April 2016

ContextAlthough stigma has been identified as a potential risk factor for the well‐being of women who have had abortions, little attention has been paid to the study of abortion‐related stigma.MethodsA systematic search of the databases Medline, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, PubMed and Web of Science was conducted; the search terms were “(abortion OR pregnancy termination) AND stigma*.” Articles were eligible for inclusion if the main research question addressed experiences of individuals subjected to abortion stigma, public attitudes that stigmatize women who have had abortions or interventions aimed at managing abortion stigma. To provide a comprehensive overview of this issue, any study published by February 2015 was considered. The search was restricted to English‐ and German‐language studies.ResultsSeven quantitative and seven qualitative studies were eligible for inclusion. All but two dated from 2009 or later; the earliest was from 1984. Studies were based mainly on U.S. samples; some included participants from Ghana, Great Britain, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru and Zambia. The majority of studies showed that women who have had abortions experience fear of social judgment, self‐judgment and a need for secrecy. Secrecy was associated with increased psychological distress and social isolation. Some studies found stigmatizing attitudes in the public. Stigma appeared to be salient in abortion providers’ lives. Evidence of interventions to reduce abortion stigma was scarce. Most studies had limitations regarding generalizability and validity.ConclusionMore research, using validated measures, is needed to enhance understanding of abortion stigma and thereby reduce its impact on affected individuals.
Audience measurement of digital TV
Authors: Carey John 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article assesses the current state of digital TV audience measurement and considers the case for government regulation of TV audience measurement systems and companies. It relies on existing scholarship and the author’s ethnographic research in TV households. The analysis is placed in the context of how people actually watch TV and the evolution of TV audience measurement systems. Current patterns of digital TV consumption create many challenges for accurate measurement, including device shifting, place shifting and time shifting. Social media analytics and cross platform measurement are new components in comprehensive digital TV audience measurement, but both are works in progress. Government regulation of TV audience measurement systems and companies does not appear justified. Industry self regulation, accreditation by a private ratings agency and advanced research by university and industry groups appear more suited to meeting the many challenges and opportunities in digital TV audience measurement.
BBC News – creating audience in the digital era
Authors: Fox Andy , Mitu Bianca 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article will examine how a public service broadcaster, specifically the BBC, delivers news content to its audience across multiple media platforms. Rather than looking at how the audience responds to media texts, this article will take the opposite standpoint by addressing the following question: How does the BBC build its audience on a platform-by-platform basis? To answer this key question we compared news outputs on the three platforms offered by the BBC: web, television and radio. A sample was compiled based on the top stories that appeared at a specific time of day over a month in early 2015. The results suggest that there is no significant difference in establishing news agendas through a digitally converged media landscape. In fact the three platforms analysed do not take media convergence into account when delivering news content.
Fissures in the image of thought: Difference, photography and the networked image
Authors: Srbic Dario 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Copy of a copy of a copy of a copy of a copy of … Trent Reznor’s formula sounds so much more exciting and seductive than two millennia-old formula of representation and identity also known as A=A. Oversubscribed to central perspective, concerned with clarity and distinctness too content with the content of the image and strongly bonded with its apparatus, photography of the past century repeatedly failed to see the invisible, still acting as a copy of some ideal original, assuming this role from painting. If the painting managed to free itself from representation, what can photography do? With new technologies of image production and dissemination, the pillars of the image of thought begin to crack, with identity and recognition losing the centre stage to difference and repetition. Through the emergence of the ability to photograph everywhere, automated camera and ubiquitous digital dissemination of images, photography is suddenly revealed as the medium of a copy, of uncountable recurrences of the same, and with all of its subjects and objects becoming simulacra, rendering only difference as real and originary.
The political economy of the image
Authors: Roberts John 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article analyses the political economy of the image today, a historical conjuncture in which art contributes its meanings (even its critiques and negations) to a process of socialization through consumption. This analysis is pursued in light of the reception of an idea of the image drawn from a world before capitalism – or certainly on the edge of capitalism and modernity – as found in Novalis’s unfinished and posthumous novel Henry von Ofterdingen of 1802.
Towards thinking in photography
Authors: Paz Anita 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article suggests itself as a movement towards a theory of thinking in photography – that is to say, of thinking photographs. The notion of art as related to thinking is by no means a contemporary one. Within this tradition that has its roots in the advent of modernity, artworks – and particularly paintings – have long been viewed as a form of both thought and thinking. Photography’s place within this tradition, however, is not an easy one. Many of the philosophical accounts surrounding thinking in painting focus on the devices through which painting is said to be thinking. Hubert Damisch and Gilles Deleuze offer the two most comprehensive accounts on this topic, but are the thinking devices proposed by them applicable to photography? Through the discussion of these theories, this article maps the existing philosophical landscape vis-à-vis the thinking image: locating photographic thought within that landscape is the first step towards understanding the peculiarities of photographic thinking.
Efficient generation of 3D surfel maps using RGB–D sensors
Authors: Wilkowski Artur , Kornuta Tomasz , Stefańczyk Maciej , Kasprzak Włodzimierz 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The article focuses on the problem of building dense 3D occupancy maps using commercial RGB-D sensors and the SLAM approach. In particular, it addresses the problem of 3D map representations, which must be able both to store millions of points and to offer efficient update mechanisms. The proposed solution consists of two such key elements, visual odometry and surfel-based mapping, but it contains substantial improvements: storing the surfel maps in octree form and utilizing a frustum culling-based method to accelerate the map update step. The performed experiments verify the usefulness and efficiency of the developed system.
A mathematical model for file fragment diffusion and a neural predictor to manage priority queues over BitTorrent
Authors: Napoli Christian , Pappalardo Giuseppe , Tramontana Emiliano 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
BitTorrent splits the files that are shared on a P2P network into fragments and then spreads these by giving the highest priority to the rarest fragment. We propose a mathematical model that takes into account several factors such as the peer distance, communication delays, and file fragment availability in a future period also by using a neural network module designed to model the behaviour of the peers. The ensemble comprising the proposed mathematical model and a neural network provides a solution for choosing the file fragments that have to be spread first, in order to ensure their continuous availability, taking into account that some peers will disconnect.
The yield of eggplant depending on climate conditions and mulching
Authors: Adamczewska-Sowińska Katarzyna , Krygier Magdalena , Turczuk Joanna 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The field production of eggplant in moderate climates is difficult as it depends heavily on thermal conditions. Eggplant is a species that is sensitive to low temperatures, and temperatures below 16°C constrain the growth of young plants. Other disadvantageous factors include: temperatures that are too high, water shortage and excessive soil humidity. The growth conditions for eggplant can be improved by using mulches. The purpose of the experiment was the assessment of eggplant cropping while using synthetic mulches of polyethylene foil and polypropylene textile. The research took five years (2008-2012) and on the basis of the obtained results it was possible to determine the influence of weather conditions on the yielding of this species. It was proven that eggplant cropping significantly depended on the air temperature and the amount of rainfall during the vegetation period. The highest yield was observed when the average air temperature was high and at the same time rainfall was evenly distributed throughout the vegetation season. It also turned out that the agro-technical procedure which significantly increased eggplant fruit cropping was mulching the soil with polyethylene black foil, or transparent foil, previously having applied a herbicide.
Response of growth, quality parameters and photosynthetic apparatus of endive plant to different culture media
Authors: Kowalczyk Katarzyna , Gajc-Wolska Janina , Marcinkowska Monika , Cetner Magdalena D. , Kalaji Hazem M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Endive (Cichorium endivia L.) is a leaf vegetable with high vitamin and nutritional values. Therefore, an increase of its cultivation in Poland and other European countries has been observed in recent years. The aim of this research was to study the effect of different growth media on the quality and photosynthetic efficiency of different endive cultivars. The experiment was conducted in controlled greenhouse conditions. Endive was grown in three independent NFT cultivation systems: a standard culture medium (control, A1), a culture medium concentrated three-fold (A2) and a medium concentrated five-fold (A3). Four cultivars were used: ‘Kethel’, ‘Barundi’, ‘Galanti’ and ‘Perceval’. The plants were examined for the number and weight of fully-grown leaves and the weight of roots, dry matter content and chemical quality attributes of endive such as ascorbic acid (AA), total soluble solids (TSS), chlorophyll and proline. In addition, several physiological traits such as modulated chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured.
Both three-fold and five-fold increases of ion concentration in the nutrient solution induced stress in the endive plants. Our results showed that the photosynthetic efficiency of the tested endive plants was affected by the cultivar factor and only the highest (five-fold) ion concentration in the nutrient solution. Growth under a medium of three-fold ion concentration did not affect the photosynthetic efficiency, despite observed changes in the growth and quality parameters of the endive plants. This study suggests that the type of fluorescence measurements used in this experiment (modulated) cannot be recommended as a sufficient bioindicator during endive production.
Hard coal project valuation based on real options approach: multiplicative vs. arithmetic stochastic process
Authors: Saługa Piotr W. , Kamiński Jacek 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Precise valuation of the economic efficiency of risky investment projects in the mineral sector has a direct impact on the range of future investments. Since the mid-90s, a number of enterprises have also been giving increased attention to the valuation of managerial flexibility that cannot normally be estimated with classical discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis. This has been the result of a development in the real options analysis (ROA) and the simplification of its algorithms, most of which have been achieved through:

♦ incorporating lattice models,
♦ introducing a single uncertain project parameter (gross present value, PV) as an underlying instrument,
♦ assuming that the underlying asset follows the multiplicative stochastic process,
♦ introducing the ‘marketed asset disclaimer’ (MAD) assumption.
Unfortunately, in most cases, models constructed on the abovementioned assumptions and modifications are not consistent with real projects. Some analysts recognize that project PVs might not follow the multiplicative process, which could have a direct impact on the project’s value. In order to improve the MAD approach, the paper proposes a modified model where the multiplicative tree is replaced with an additive one. In addition, methods of ‘additive volatility’ calculation and ‘dividend’ adjustments were suggested.
The composition of the organic and inorganic matter of the Siliceous fly ashes as part of their usefulness in technologies of building materials
Authors: Strzałkowska Ewa 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Nowadays in Poland around 18 mln tons of energy wastes are produced every year. The utilization method of wastes depends principally on their physicochemical properties. Siliceous fly ashes which have pozzolanic properties which advantageously influence on cement properties, are mainly used in production of cement. The results of studies of the phase composition of the different grain classes of the siliceous fly ash were presented in this article. The minerals: mullite and quartz as well as magnetite, hematite and calcite were identified on the base of thermal analysis, mikroscopic observation and X-ray diffractometry examination. Significant participation in the composition of investigated fly ashes have also fragments of unburned coal. They present different morphological forms depend on the porosity degree. The following forms were distinguished: cenospheres, networks, inertynite massive and porous, detritus. Porous particles accumulate mainly in the coarser grain class and are represented primarily by cenospheres and networks. Their content may have an adverse effect on any further applications of fly ash, so as it is necessary to separation of this class. This will reduce water demand and increase the freeze-thaw resistance of mortar and concrete containing fly ash.
Substrate Feeding Strategy Integrated with a Biomass Bayesian Estimator for a Biotechnological Process
Authors: Amicarelli Adriana , Montoya Lucía Quintero , Sciascio Fernando di 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis work proposes a substrate feeding strategy for a bioprocess integrated with a biomass estimator based in nonlinear filtering techniques. The performance of the proposed estimator and the substrate strategy are illustrated for the δ-endotoxin production ofBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) in batch and fed batch cultures. Nonlinear filtering techniques constitutes an adequate option as estimation tool because of the strongly nonlinear dynamics of this bioprocess and also due to nature of the uncertainties and perturbations that cannot be supposed Gaussians distributed. Biomass estimation is performed from substrate and dissolved oxygen. Substrate feeding strategy is intended to obtain high product concentration. Simulations results along with their experimental verifications demonstrate the acceptable performance of the proposed biomass estimator and the substrate feeding strategy.
Crystal structure of diaquabis(2-(3-bromophenyl)-5-carboxy-1H-imidazol-4-carboxylato-κ2
O,N) cobalt(II) trihydrate, C22H22Br2CoN4O13
Authors: Ding Rui-Fang , Sun Shan-Shan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
C22H22Br2CoN4O13, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 15.2953(19) Å, b = 14.9696(19) Å, c = 12.4221(15) Å, β = 92.725(2)°, V = 2841.0(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0356, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0967, T = 296 K.
Structural effects of English–German language contact in translation on concessive constructions in business articles
Authors: Bisiada Mario 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStudies on a variety of languages have observed a shift away from hypotactic, hierarchical structures towards paratactic, incremental structures, and have attributed this to language contact with English in translation. This paper investigates such a shift towards parataxis as the preferred structure of concessive constructions in German business articles. To this effect, a diachronic corpus method that has been applied to popular science articles in existing studies is adopted and applied to business articles, in an attempt to reproduce existing findings for this genre. This method is complemented by a corpus of manuscripts which allow to control for the effect of editing on the translated texts. Based on the analysis of hypotactic and paratactic translations of English concessive conjunctions between 1982/83 and 2008, I argue that hypotactic structures are indeed used less frequently in translated texts, but that this development is restricted to translated language. In non-translated texts, the use of hypotactic conjunctions has increased. The use of sentence-initial conjunctions, however, does seem to spread in this genre (as was reported for popular science), which may be further evidence for it to be a case of language change through contact in translation.
El modelo de evaluación participativo contextualizado (MEPAC) aplicado al proyecto “Granada-Empleo”
Authors: Pérez Sánchez Margarita , Trinidad Requena Antonio , Ortega Pérez Nieves 
Published: April 2016

Este artículo muestra la evaluación del Proyecto “Granada-Empleo”, subvencionado por el Fondo Social Europeo y coordinado por la Diputación de Granada de 2009-2010.
La evaluación que aquí se expone -realizada de septiembre de 2010 a julio de 2011- ha sido diseñada por un equipo de investigadores del Departamento de Ciencia Política y de la Administración y de Sociología de la Universidad de Granada. Este trabajo aporta un ejemplo aplicado del “Modelo de Evaluación Participativo Contextualizado” (MEPAC), diseñado ad hoc por el equipo externo.
La evaluación sumativa del proyecto se expone siguiendo los objetivos principales que persigue y las medidas que lo desarrolla, revelando claves en el desarrollo futuro de pactos territoriales por el empleo y actividades dirigidas a la mejora de empleo de los colectivos demandantes de trabajo.
A Note on the Perturbation of arithmetic expressions
Authors: Abbas Shawki A.M. 
Published: April 2016

In this paper we present the theoretical foundation of forward error analysis of numerical algorithms under;•	Approximations in "built-in" functions.•	Rounding errors in arithmetic floating-point operations.•	Perturbations of data.The error analysis is based on linearization method. The fundamental tools of the forward error analysis are system of linear absolute and relative a prior and a posteriori error equations and associated condition numbers constituting optimal of possible cumulative round – off errors. The condition numbers enable simple general, quantitative bounds definitions of numerical stability. The theoretical results have been applied a Gaussian elimination, and have proved to be very effective means of both a priori and a posteriori error analysis.