bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of large-area multicoil inductively coupled plasma sources using three-dimensional fluid model
Authors: Brcka Jozef 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A multi inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system can be used to maintain the plasma uniformity and increase the area processed by a high-density plasma. This article presents a source in two different configurations. The distributed planar multi ICP (DM-ICP) source comprises individual ICP sources that are not overlapped and produce plasma independently. Mutual coupling of the ICPs may affect the distribution of the produced plasma. The integrated multicoil ICP (IMC-ICP) source consists of four low-inductance ICP antennas that are superimposed in an azimuthal manner. The identical geometry of the ICP coils was assumed in this work. Both configurations have highly asymmetric components. A three-dimensional (3D) plasma model of the multicoil ICP configurations with asymmetric features is used to investigate the plasma characteristics in a large chamber and the operation of the sources in inert and reactive gases. The feasibility of the computational calculation, the speed, and the computational resources of the coupled multiphysics solver are investigated in the framework of a large realistic geometry and complex reaction processes. It was determined that additional variables can be used to control large-area plasmas. Both configurations can form a plasma, that azimuthally moves in a controlled manner, the so-called “sweeping mode” (SM) or “polyphase mode” (PPM), and thus they have the potential for large-area and high-density plasma applications. The operation in the azimuthal mode has the potential to adjust the plasma distribution, the reaction chemistry, and increase or modulate the production of the radicals. The intrinsic asymmetry of the individual coils and their combined operation were investigated within a source assembly primarily in argon and CO gases. Limited investigations were also performed on operation in CH4 gas. The plasma parameters and the resulting chemistry are affected by the geometrical relation between individual antennas. The aim of this work is to incorporate the technological, computational, dimensional scaling, and reaction chemistry aspects of the plasma under one computational framework. The 3D simulation is utilized to geometrically scale up the reactive plasma that is produced by multiple ICP sources.
Sterilization characteristics of dental instruments using oxygen plasma produced by narrow gap RF discharge
Authors: Sakai Yasuhiro , Liu Zhen , Goto Masaaki , Hayashi Nobuya 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Sterilization characteristics and material compatibility of low-pressure RF oxygen plasma sterilization method for dental instruments are investigated. Regarding the characteristics of the plasma sterilizer for dental instruments, it is small and can rapidly sterilize owing to a narrow gap discharge. Sterilization of vial-type biological indicators is achieved for the shortest treatment period of 40 min at an RF power of 80 W at a temperature of 70 °C. At a temperature lower than 60 °C, a sterilization period of 90 min is required using a water-cooled electrode. No surface modifications of dental instruments such as chemical composition and deterioration of fine crystals of a diamond bar were observed under a scanning electron microscope.
Estado de Conservação da ictiofauna do rio Guandu, afluente do baixo rio Doce, ES
Authors: Silva Adriana Maria , Giongo Patricia , Belei Frederico , Sampaio Wagner Martins Santana 
Published: June 2016

<p class="Standard">A bacia do rio Doce possui uma parcela significativa da biodiversidade de peixes das bacias costeiras do Brasil. O rio Guandu é um dos principais tributários do baixo rio Doce e até hoje são carentes as informações sobre a ictiofauna nessa bacia. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo, inventariar e avaliar a ictiofauna do rio Guandu, tributário do baixo rio Doce. Foram capturados 202 indivíduos, distribuídos em seis ordens, 16 famílias e 29 espécies. Dentre as espécies encontradas, oito delas são exóticas e uma delas pode estar sob ameaça de extinção na região. Os resultados contribuem para o conhecimento da ictiofauna do rio Doce, na porção Baixo Guandu. Estudos científicos mais aprofundados na região são de extrema importância para se traçar estratégias de conservação adequadas.</p><p class="Standard"> </p><p class="Standard">DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v4i1.56</p>
ESTUDOS CITOGENÉTICOS EM ESPÉCIES DE PEIXES DE RIACHOS: Hyphessobrycon vinaceus, Bryconamericus aff. iheringii E Odontostilbe pequira (PISCES: CHARACIDAE)
Authors: Nishiyama Patricia Belini , Rossi Margarida M.V. , Porto Fernanda Errero , Borin Luciana Andreia , Portela Castro Ana Luiza De Brito , Martins dos Santos Isabel Cristina 
Published: June 2016

<p>A família Characidade representa a maior e mais diversificada família de peixes de água doce, na qual se encontram muitos gêneros de pequeno porte. Neste estudo foram analisados, cromossomicamente, exemplares de <em>Hyphessobrycon vinaceus</em>, <em>Bryconamericus </em>aff. <em>iheringii</em> e <em>Odontostilbe pequira. H. vinaceus</em> apresentou 2n=50, sendo 8m, 12sm e 30a, com evidente proporção de ST/A, AgNOR-múltipla e blocos de heterocromatina na porção intersticial. <em>B. </em>aff. <em>iheringii</em> apresentou 2n=52, com 12m, 18sm, 8st e 14a, AgNOR-simples e blocos de heterocromatina pericentroméricos. <em>O. pequira</em> apresentou 2n= 52, sendo 14m, 20sm, 14st e 4a, com determinação cromossômica sexual do tipo ZZ/ZW e sistema de AgNOR-simples, além de blocos de heterocromatina na posição pericentromérica. A diversidade cariotípica, encontrada em peixes de pequeno porte, tem sido explicada através de mecanismos de rearranjos cromossômicos e que, provavelmente, tenham se fixado devido às características biológicas dessas espécies, que ocupam, preferencialmente, cabeceiras de rios e riachos, formando pequenas populações.</p>
Hydrostatic pressure effect on magnetic hysteresis parameters of pseudo‐single‐domain magnetite
Authors: Sato Masahiko , Yamamoto Yuhji , Nishioka Takashi , Kodama Kazuto , Mochizuki Nobutatsu , Tsunakawa Hideo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper reports the first in situ magnetic hysteresis measurements of pseudo‐single‐domain (PSD) magnetite under high pressure up to 1 GPa. The magnetic hysteresis measurements of stoichiometric PSD magnetite samples under hydrostatic pressure were carried out using a piston‐cylinder high‐pressure cell, and the pressure dependence of the hysteresis parameters of PSD magnetite was calculated from the hysteresis curves. It was found that coercivity (Bc) increases with increasing pressure as a quadratic function up to 1 GPa by ∼90%, which is different from the pressure dependences of Bc of multidomain and single‐domain magnetites. Coercivity of remanence also increases as a quadratic function, and saturation remanence (Mrs) increases with pressure up to 0.5 GPa by ∼20% until reaching saturation. In contrast, saturation magnetization is constant up to 1 GPa. The approximate demagnetizing factor calculated from the ratio Bc/Mrs increases with increasing pressure, suggesting that the number of lamellar domains increases with increasing pressure. The number of lamellar domains and domain wall width are theoretically estimated to increase under high pressure due to the changes in magnetostriction, elastic, and magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants, and these changes in magnetic domain structure should relate to the changes in the magnetic properties of PSD magnetite.
The chemical, mechanical, and hydrological evolution of weathering granitoid
Authors: Goodfellow Bradley W. , Hilley George E. , Webb Samuel M. , Sklar Leonard S. , Moon Seulgi , Olson Christopher A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSurprisingly few studies connect the chemical, mechanical, and hydrological evolution of rock as it weathers to saprolite and soil. We assess this coevolution in granodiorite from Monterey Peninsula, California, by measuring changes in bulk chemistry, mineralogy, volumetric strain, the oxidation state of Fe in biotite crystals, tensile strength, abrasion rate, connected porosity, and hydraulic conductivity in samples covering a range of weathering grades. We identify the oxidative dissolution of biotite as the key chemical reaction because of the volumetric expansion that accompanies formation of altered biotite and precipitation of ferrihydrite. We show how the associated accumulation of elastic strain produces an energy density that is sufficient to support rock fracturing over length scales equivalent to constituent crystals. The resulting intragranular and intergranular cracking profoundly reduces tensile strength and increases the abrasion rate, connected porosity, and hydraulic conductivity of the rock matrix. These changes increase the rate of plagioclase weathering, and ultimately the rock disintegrates into grus and clay. Major changes in rock properties can occur with only minor element leaching, and the threshold behavior of weathering that arises from the coevolution of chemical, hydrological, and mechanical properties may be difficult to capture using simplified weathering models that fail to incorporate these properties. Our results, which combine the mechanical and hydrological evolution of weathering rock with more common measurements of chemical changes, should help to more accurately model the effects of, and mechanical and hydrological feedbacks upon, chemical weathering of rock.
Asymmetrische Desymmetrisierung durch metallfreie C‐F‐Bindungsaktivierung: Synthese von 3,5‐Diaryl‐5‐fluormethyl‐oxazolidin‐2‐onen mit quartären Kohlenstoffzentren
Authors: Tanaka Junki , Suzuki Satoru , Tokunaga Etsuko , Haufe Günter , Shibata Norio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWir berichten über die erste asymmetrische Aktivierung einer nichtaktivierten aliphatischen C‐F‐Bindung mittels einer konzeptionell neuen Desymmetrisierung von 1,3‐Difluoriden durch Silicium‐induzierten C‐F‐Bindungsbruch als Schlüsselschritt. Die Kombination eines von einem Cinchona‐Alkaloid abgeleiteten Ammonium‐Bifluorid‐Katalysators mit N,O‐Bis(trifluormethylsilyl)acetamid (BSA) als Siliciumreagenz ermöglicht einen effizienten Katalysezyklus zur asymmetrischen Spaltung einer Csp3‐F‐Bindung mit hoher Enantioselektivität unter milden Bedingungen. Der Effekt einer ortho‐substituierten Arylgruppe am prostereogenen Zentrum auf die Enantioselektivität der Reaktion ist bemerkenswert. Dieses Konzept wurde für die asymmetrische Synthese vielversprechender potentieller Agrochemikalien, 3,5‐Diaryl‐5‐fluormethyl‐oxazolidin‐2‐onen, mit quartärem Kohlenstoffzentrum angewendet.
Strong and Robust Polyaniline‐Based Supramolecular Hydrogels for Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Wanwan , Gao Fengxian , Wang Xiaoqian , Zhang Ning , Ma Mingming 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report a supramolecular strategy to prepare conductive hydrogels with outstanding mechanical and electrochemical properties, which are utilized for flexible solid‐state supercapacitors (SCs) with high performance. The supramolecular assembly of polyaniline and polyvinyl alcohol through dynamic boronate bond yields the polyaniline–polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (PPH), which shows remarkable tensile strength (5.3 MPa) and electrochemical capacitance (928 F g−1). The flexible solid‐state supercapacitor based on PPH provides a large capacitance (306 mF cm−2 and 153 F g−1) and a high energy density of 13.6 Wh kg−1, superior to other flexible supercapacitors. The robustness of the PPH‐based supercapacitor is demonstrated by the 100 % capacitance retention after 1000 mechanical folding cycles, and the 90 % capacitance retention after 1000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles. The high activity and robustness enable the PPH‐based supercapacitor as a promising power device for flexible electronics.
CdSe Nanoplatelets: Living Polymers
Authors: Jana Santanu , Davidson Patrick , Abécassis Benjamin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractColloidal CdSe nanoplatelets are considered to be excellent candidates for many applications in nanotechnology. One of the current challenges is to self‐assemble these colloidal quantum wells into large ordered structures to control their collective optical properties. We describe a simple and robust procedure to achieve controlled face‐to‐face self‐assembly of CdSe nanoplatelets into micron‐long polymer‐like threads made of up to ∼1000 particles. These structures are formed by addition of oleic acid to a stable colloidal dispersion of platelets, followed by slow drying and re‐dispersion. We could control the average length of the CdSe nanoplatelet threads by varying the amount of added oleic acid. These 1‐dimensional structures are flexible and feature a “living polymer” character because threads of a given length can be further grown through the addition of supplementary nanoplatelets at their reactive ends.
Synthesis of polyaminostyrene‐based and polyallylamine‐based sorbents for boron removal
Authors: Nesterov D. V. , Molochnikov L. S. , Korjakova O. V. , Kodess M. I. , Ezhikova M. A. , Pestov A. V. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTHydroxyalkyl derivatives of polyaminostyrene (PAS), polyallylamine (PAA), and polyethyleneimine (PEI) containing a 2,3‐dihydroxypropyl moiety with a high degree of modification were synthesized. The chemical structures of the polymer transformation products were characterized with elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy in the solid state. PAS reacted with glycidol and formed poly[N‐(2,3‐dihydroxypropyl)aminostyrene] with a high degree of functionalization. PAA revealed primarily the graft polymerization of glycidol. In the case of PEI, primary amino groups allowed the formation of an N‐derivative of 3‐aminopropanediol‐1,2. The PAA‐based sorbent showed a high sorption capacity toward boron ions in both acidic and alkaline media. From the sorption isotherm data, the maximum sorption capacity of this sorbent at pH 4 was determined to be 3 mmol/g. The PAS‐based resin maintained a high capacity between pH 9 and 12; the optimum pH was 12. The sorption capacity was 1.7 mmol/g. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43939.
Identifying the progression of coronary artery disease: prediction of cardiac events
Authors: Papafaklis M. I. , Mavrogiannis M. C. , Stone P. H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) remains as a principal cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the advancements in medical therapy and interventional procedures during the past years, the rate of major adverse cardiac events remains high both in individuals without previous history of heart disease and in patients with known CAD. Improved strategies of risk stratification for identifying subclinical atherosclerosis and asymptomatic individuals at high risk for cardiac events may help in intensifying treatment at targeted population groups, thereby providing enhanced primary prevention. Latest technological progress has made available new methodologies (e.g., fractional flow reserve and virtual surrogates) for assessing coronary anatomy and obstructive lesions precipitating acute cardiac events. Coronary imaging using either invasive (e.g., intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography) or noninvasive (e.g., multislice computed tomography) modalities has enabled the detailed identification of atherosclerotic plaque features and inflammatory processes, thereby providing a “histology‐like” quantification of the disease burden within coronary arteries. Additionally, the local hemodynamic environment, in particular endothelial shear stress, is considered as a primary stimulus for plaque development and progression. In vivo assessment of endothelial shear stress in humans has been made possible using three‐dimensional coronary imaging and computational fluid dynamics techniques, and could potentially provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the risk for disease progression. Combined assessment of cardiovascular burden focusing on the functional significance of obstructive CAD, the anatomic features of plaque vulnerability, and the local hemodynamic milieu could yield an increased predictive capacity for prognostication, and thus enable preemptive strategies that could avert cardiac events.Answer Questions and Earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/4279913/Activity.aspx
Characterizing stable coronary plaques with MSCT angiography
Authors: Van Mieghem C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNoninvasive access to coronary anatomy has long been anticipated and eventually became available with the emergence of multislice computed tomography angiography (MSCTA). MSCTA offers the possibility to identify coronary artery disease already in its preclinical phase. This unprecedented information proves to be useful in clinical practice as it allows the appropriate allocation of preventive therapies such as statin and aspirin.Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/4279884/Activity.aspx
Transformation of Carbon Dioxide into Oxazolidinones and Cyclic Carbonates Catalyzed by Rare‐Earth‐Metal Phenolates
Authors: Xu Bin , Wang Peng , Lv Min , Yuan Dan , Yao Yingming 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRare‐earth‐metal complexes stabilized by amine‐bridged tri(phenolato) ligands were developed, and their activities in catalyzing transformations of CO2 were studied. A series of terminal epoxides and challenging disubstituted epoxides were converted into the respective cyclic carbonates in the presence of CO2 in yields of 58 to 96 %. In addition, these rare‐earth‐metal complexes also showed good activities in catalyzing three‐component reactions of anilines, epoxides, and CO2, which generated 5‐substituted‐3‐aryl‐2‐oxazolidines in yields of 48 to 96 %, as a useful strategy to construct oxazolidinones.
Metal Linkage Effects on Ultrafast Energy Transfer
Authors: Dekkiche Hervé , Buisson Antoine , Langlois Adam , Karsenti Paul‐Ludovic , Ruhlmann Laurent , Ruppert Romain , Harvey Pierre 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report the preparation of several new porphyrin homodimers bridged by a platinum(II) ion in which very intense electronic communication through the coordination link occurs. Moreover, the synthesis of a new porphyrin dyad and its photophysical properties are reported. This dyad exhibits the fastest singlet energy transfer ever reported for synthetic systems between a zinc(II) porphyrin and a porphyrin free base. This extremely fast transfer (∼100 femtoseconds) is in the same range as the fastest one measured in natural systems. This feature is due to the platinum(II) linker, which allows for strong MO couplings between the two porphyrin units as experimentally supported by electrochemistry and corroborated by DFT computations.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Seven‐Membered C=N‐containing Heterocycles and Rationalization of the Enantioselectivity
Authors: Balakrishna Bugga , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Vidal‐Ferran Anton 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIridium(I) complexes with phosphine–phosphite ligands efficiently catalyze the enantioselective hydrogenation of diverse seven‐membered C=N‐containing heterocyclic compounds (eleven examples; up to 97 % ee). The P‐OP ligand L3, which incorporates an ortho‐diphenyl substituted octahydrobinol phosphite fragment, provided the highest enantioselectivities in the hydrogenation of most of the heterocyclic compounds studied. The observed stereoselection was rationalized by means of DFT calculations.
Katalysatoren für die Produktion von Biokunststoffen
Authors: Metz Angela , Hoffmann Alexander , Hock Kristina , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBiokunststoffe stellen eine wichtige Möglichkeit dar, die Umweltbelastung durch nicht abbaubaren Plastikmüll langfristig zu senken sowie neue Ressourcen für die Kunststoffproduktion zu erschließen. Damit die Biokunststoffproduktion weite Anwendung findet, werden neue Katalysatoren dringend benötigt. Dieser Artikel zeigt neue Entwicklungen für robuste Katalysatorsysteme für die Lactidpolymerisation auf sowie die Einbettung des produzierten PLA in den Lebenszyklus von Biokunststoffen.
Samuel Pickles Formel des Naturkautschuks
Authors: Braun Dietrich , Jenkins Aubrey 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObwohl Faraday schon 1826 die Summenformel C5H8 des Naturkautschuks ermittelt, Williams 1860 Isopren durch Pyrolyse von Kautschuk erhalten und Tilden 1882 die Strukturformel des Isoprens vorgeschlagen hatte, wurde die chemische Natur des Kautschuks als Polymeres des Isoprens erst in den 1920er Jahren nach den Arbeiten von Hermann Staudinger allgemein akzeptiert. Wenig bekannt ist, dass der englische Chemiker Samuel Shrowder Pickles bereits 1906, also über 10 Jahre vor Staudinger, die bis heute gültige Strukturformel des Kautschuks aufgestellt hat.
Kepler GPU accelerated recursive sorting using dynamic parallelism
Authors: Neelima B. , Shamsundar Bharath , Narayan Anjjan , Prabhu Rithesh , Gomes Crystal 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThis paper focuses on the performance gain obtained on the Kepler graphics processing units (GPUs) for multi‐key quicksort. Because multi‐key quicksort is a recursive‐based algorithm, many of the researchers have found it tedious to parallelize the algorithm on the multi and many core architectures. A survey of the state‐of‐the‐art string sorting algorithms and a robust insight of the Kepler GPU architecture gave rise to an intriguing research idea of matching the template of multi‐key quicksort with the dynamic parallelism feature offered by the Kepler‐based GPU's. The CPU parallel implementation has an improvement of 33 to 50% and 62 to 75 improvement when compared with 8‐bit and 16‐bit parallel most significant digit radix sort, respectively. The GPU implementation of multi‐key quicksort gives 6× to 18× speed up compared with the CPU parallel implementation of parallel multi‐key quicksort. The GPU implementation of multi‐key quicksort achieves 1.5× to 3× speed up when compared with the GPU implementation of string sorting algorithm using singleton elements in the literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Block Gauss–Huard algorithm with column pivoting on a hybrid CPU–GPU architecture
Authors: Hassanein Maha Amin 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIn this paper, different variants of the block Gauss–Huard algorithm with column pivoting and correspondingly interchanging of columns are presented and implemented on a hybrid CPU–GPU architecture. The study gives numerical evidence that the algorithms yield numerical solutions as good as those obtained by Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting and performance evidence that they are more suitable for parallel architectures. This is confirmed by solving systems of linear equations for a set of randomly generated matrices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.