bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of Ovafolinins A and B: Unique Polycyclic Benzoxepin Lignans through a Cascade Cyclization
Authors: Davidson Samuel J. , Barker David 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOvafolinins A and B, isolated from Lyonia ovalifolia var. elliptica, are lignans that contain a unique bridged structure containing a penta‐ and tetracyclic benzoxepin and an aryl tetralin. We report the first total synthesis of these natural products in which an acyl‐Claisen rearrangement was initially utilized to construct the lignan backbone with correct relative stereochemistry. Judicious use of a bulky protecting group placed reactive moieties in the correct orientation, thereby resulting in a cascade reaction to form the bridged benzoxepin/aryl tetralin from a linear precursor in a single step. Modification of this route allowed the enantioselective synthesis of (+)‐ovafolinins A and B, which confirmed the absolute stereochemistry, and comparison of optical rotation suggests that these compounds are found as scalemic mixtures in nature.
Eu3+‐doped polystyrene and polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers made by electrospinning for photoluminescent fabric designing
Authors: Itankar Sangeeta Gopichandra , Dandekar Manjusha Prafulla , Kondawar Subhash Baburao , Bahirwar Bhaskar Marotrao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEu3+‐doped polystyrene and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF/Eu3+ and PS/Eu3+) nanofibers were made using electrospinning. These fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and photoluminescence (PL). Spectral analysis of PVDF/Eu3+ and PS/Eu3+ nanofibers was based on their emission spectra. A bright red emission was noticed from Eu3+ that was assigned to the hypersensitive 5D0 → 7F2 transition. The enhanced intensity ratios of 5D0 → 7F2 to 5D0 → 7F1 transitions in the nanofibers indicated a more polarized chemical environment for the Eu3+ ions and greater hypersensitivity for the 5D0 → 7F2 transition, which showed the potential for application in various polymer optoelectronic devices. The Eu3+‐doped polymer (PVDF/Eu3+ and PS/Eu3+) nanofibers are suitable for the photoluminescent white light fabric design of smart textiles. This paper focuses on the potential application of smart fabrics to address challenges in human life.
Competence matters! Understanding biculturalism in ethnically diverse adolescents
Authors: Benbow Alison E. F. , Rutland Adam 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe importance of bicultural competence in negotiating diversity was explored longitudinally with 227 bicultural British female adolescents. Bicultural competence predicted social‐psychological adaptation and intergroup attitudes. It also mediated the effects of ethnic identity and perceived similarity on acculturation preferences. Implications for research on adolescents growing up with diversity are considered.
Parallel solvers for fractional power diffusion problems
Authors: Čiegis Raimondas , Starikovičius Vadimas , Margenov Svetozar , Kriauzienė Rima 
Published: June 2017

SummaryMathematical models with fractional‐order differential operators are computationally expensive due to the non‐local nature of these operators. In this work, we construct and investigate parallel solvers for problems described by fractional powers of elliptic operators, like fractional diffusion. Three state‐of‐the‐art approaches are used to transform the non‐local fractional‐order differential problem into local partial differential equation problems formulated in a space of higher dimension. Numerical schemes and parallel algorithms are developed for all three approaches. The resulting parallel algorithms have very different properties. We investigate the weak and strong scalability of the developed parallel algorithms and compare their parallel performance.
Reducing memory requirements for large size LBM simulations on GPUs
Authors: Valero‐Lara Pedro 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe scientific community in its never‐ending road of larger and more efficient computational resources is in need of more efficient implementations that can adapt efficiently on the current parallel platforms. Graphics processing units are an appropriate platform that cover some of these demands. This architecture presents a high performance with a reduced cost and an efficient power consumption. However, the memory capacity in these devices is reduced and so expensive memory transfers are necessary to deal with big problems. Today, the lattice‐Boltzmann method (LBM) has positioned as an efficient approach for Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. Despite this method is particularly amenable to be efficiently parallelized, it is in need of a considerable memory capacity, which is the consequence of a dramatic fall in performance when dealing with large simulations. In this work, we propose some initiatives to minimize such demand of memory, which allows us to execute bigger simulations on the same platform without additional memory transfers, keeping a high performance. In particular, we present 2 new implementations, LBM‐Ghost and LBM‐Swap, which are deeply analyzed, presenting the pros and cons of each of them.
Magnetostructural Characterization of Oxalamide Dihalo‐Bridged Copper Dimers: Intra‐ and Interdimer Interactions Studied by Single‐Crystal Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Žilić Dijana , Maity Debdeep , Cetina Mario , Molčanov Krešimir , Džolić Zoran , Herak Mirta 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDetailed single‐crystal electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis of oxalamide complexes with halogen‐bridged copper dimers, supported by X‐ray, magnetic susceptibility, and powder ESR studies, is reported. Four complexes with two different ligands are synthesized: [CuLA(μ‐X)]2 and [CuLV(μ‐X)]2, for which LA=N‐(l‐alanine methyl ester)‐N′‐[(2‐pyridine‐2‐yl)methyl]oxalamide and LV=N‐(l‐valine methyl ester)‐N′‐[(2‐pyridine‐2‐yl)methyl]oxalamide, for which X=Cl or Br. X‐ray analysis shows that the geometry at each copper(II) ion is square pyramidal, whereas two pyramids share one base‐to‐apex edge with parallel basal planes. The complexes are linked by hydrogen bonds into infinite chains and are further linked into a 3D network. Susceptibility measurements show that the copper centers in the dimers are weakly antiferromagnetically coupled (|J|≈1–2 cm−1). From powder ESR spectroscopy, the g values and d
orbital as the ground state of the unpaired electron are determined. The complexes show unusual anisotropic splitting and merging of the ESR lines if their single crystals rotate in a magnetic field. The observation of this partially resolved intradimer dipolar splitting enables estimation of the weak interdimer exchange interaction parameter |J′|≈0.001 cm−1.
Experimental investigation on reparability of an infilled rocking wall frame structure
Authors: Wu Shoujun , Pan Peng , Nie Xin , Wang Haishen , Shen Shaodong 
Published: June 2017

SummaryImproving seismic performance is one of the critical objectives in earthquake engineering. With the development of economy and society, reparability and fast resilience of a structure are becoming increasingly important. Reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure is prone to soft story mechanism. As a result, deformation and damage are so concentrated that reparability is severely hampered. Rocking wall provides an available approach for deformation control in RC frame by introducing a continuous component along the height. Previous researches mostly focus on seismic responses of rocking wall frame structures, while damage mode and reparability have not been investigated in detail. In this study, a novel infilled rocking wall frame (IRWF) structure is proposed. A half‐scaled IRWF model was designed according to Chinese seismic design code. The model was subjected to cyclic pushover testing up to structure drift ratio of 1/50 (amplitude 1/50), and its reparability was evaluated thereafter. Retrofit was implemented by wrapping steel plates and installing friction dampers. The retrofitted model was further loaded up to amplitude 1/30. The IRWF model showed excellent reparability and satisfactory seismic performance on deformation control, damage mode, hysteresis behavior, and beam‐to‐column joint rotation. After retrofitting, capacity of the model was improved by 11% with limited crack distribution. The model did not degrade until amplitude 1/30, due to shear failure in frame beams. The retrofit procedure was proved effective, and reparability of the IRWF model was demonstrated. Seismic resilience tends to be achieved in the proposed system.
Wood export prediction at the watershed scale
Authors: Senter Anne , Pasternack Gregory , Piégay Hervé , Vaughan Matthew 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWood export from a watershed is a function of peak annual discharge, but one hydrologic relationship alone does not fully explain observed variability. Consideration of physical processes that influence the amount of wood available for transport is needed. However, wood recruitment, storage, mobilization, breakage, and transport rates and processes remain difficult to quantify. A theoretical wood transport equation focused on variations in discharge was the motivation for investigation into watershed‐specific wood export rates. Herein, multiplicative coefficients categorized by water year type are developed, paired with the equation, and validated to provide a new method for prediction of wood export at the watershed scale. The coefficients are defined as representing a broad suite of watershed processes that encompass spatio‐temporally variable scales. Two complementary datasets from the 1097 km2 mountainous North Yuba River, California watershed were used. Wood surveys above New Bullards Bar Reservoir yielded a wood availability estimate of 250 000–300 000 m3 along the channel network. Annual wood export into the reservoir was field‐surveyed in 2010, 2012 and 2013, and estimated in seven years via remotely sensed images over the 30 year study period of water years 1985–2014. Empirical, watershed‐scale wood export rates ranged from 0.3–5.6%. Comparison of predicted quantities using the new DVWP (discharge variations modified by watershed processes) wood export equation to observed wood export quantities resulted in an aggregate error rate of ±10%. When individual wood export quantities were compared, predicted to observed varied by 0.5–3.0 times. Total wood export of 59 000–71 000 m3 was estimated over the 30 year period, yielding a rate of 1.8 to 2.2 m3/year/km2. Wood export predictive capabilities at the watershed scale may help water resource and regulatory agencies plan for wood transfers to augment downstream ecosystems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectators or participants: How can SETAC become more engaged in international climate change research programs?
Authors: Stahl Ralph G. , Stauber Jennifer L. , Clements William H. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Environmental toxicologists and chemists have been crucial to evaluating the chemical fate and toxicological effects of environmental contaminants, including chlorinated pesticides, before and after Rachel Carson's publication of Silent Spring in 1962. Like chlorinated pesticides previously, global climate change is widely considered to be one of the most important environmental challenges of our time. Over the past 30 yr, climate scientists and modelers have shown that greenhouse gases such as CO2 and CH4 cause radiative forcing (climate forcing) and lead to increased global temperatures. Despite significant climate change research efforts worldwide, the climate science community has overlooked potential problems associated with chemical contaminants, in particular how climate change could magnify the ecological consequences of their use and disposal. It is conceivable that the impacts of legacy or new chemical contaminants on wildlife and humans may be exacerbated when climate changes, especially if global temperatures rise as predicted. This lack of attention to chemical contaminants represents an opportunity for environmental toxicologists and chemists to become part of the global research program, and our objective is to highlight the importance of and ways for that to occur. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1971–1977. © 2017 SETAC
Determination of the protein quality of cooked Canadian pulses
Authors: Nosworthy Matthew G. , Neufeld Jason , Frohlich Peter , Young Gina , Malcolmson Linda , House James D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA study to determine the protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score and protein efficiency ratio of nine different cooked Canadian pulse classes was conducted in support of the establishment of protein quality claims in Canada and the United States. Split green and yellow pea, whole green lentil, split red lentil, Kabuli chickpea, navy bean, pinto bean, light red kidney bean, and black bean were investigated. Protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) and the protein efficiency ratio (PER) were determined using the appropriate rodent models. All pulses had high digestibility values, >70%, with PDCAAS values greater than 0.5, thereby qualifying as a quality protein in the United States, but only navy beans qualified as a good source of protein. All pulses except whole green lentils, split red lentils, and split green peas would qualify as sources of protein with protein ratings between 20 and 30.4 in Canada. These findings support the use of pulses as protein sources in the regulatory context of both the United States and Canada.
Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Shiduolong skarn Pb–Zn deposit in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt: Constraints from whole‐rock geochemical, zircon U–Pb and Hf isotope analyses
Authors: Wang Yongbin , Guo Yunpeng , Zeng Qingdong , Guo Lixiang 
Published: June 2017

The Shiduolong Pb–Zn deposit, located in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt, is a medium‐scale skarn deposit (0.4 Mt metal reserves with a grade of 1.46% Pb and 4.38% Zn). The mineralization occurs along the contact zone between Carboniferous marbles and Triassic quartz diorite and granodiorite. Zircon LA‐ICP‐MS dating indicates that the Shiduolong quartz diorite is coeval with the granodiorite (245 Ma). Whole‐rock geochemical analysis shows that both phases are high‐K calc‐alkaline metaluminous (A/CNK < 1) I‐type granites with similar rare earth (REE) element contents and (La/Yb)N values, indicating that they formed via crystal fractionation from a common parental magma. However, the granodiorite has higher SiO2 contents, lower total Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO, Sr, and Ba contents, and more negative Eu anomalies than the quartz diorites, suggesting that the granodiorite experienced stronger fractional crystallization during magmatic evolution. The zircon εHf(t) values of the quartz diorite range from −3.3 to 1.6. The two‐stage model ages (TDM2) vary from 1,175 to 1,487 Ma. Hf isotope data indicate that the magma of the quartz diorite was mainly derived from partial melting of Mesoproterozoic lower crustal materials with contributions from mantle‐derived magmas. Combined with the regional tectonic and magmatic activities, we propose that the Shiduolong Pb–Zn deposit might have formed during the hydrothermal event associated with the release of magmatic water from the granodiorite‐quartz diorite intrusions, which were generated by the subduction of the Paleo‐Tethys oceanic slab in the Early Triassic.
TRPC1‐ and TRPC3‐dependent Ca2+ signaling in mouse cortical astrocytes affects injury‐evoked astrogliosis in vivo
Authors: Belkacemi Thabet , Niermann Alexander , Hofmann Laura , Wissenbach Ulrich , Birnbaumer Lutz , Leidinger Petra , Backes Christina , Meese Eckart , Keller Andreas , Bai Xianshu , Scheller Anja , Kirchhoff Frank , Philipp Stephan E. , Weissgerber Petra , Flockerzi Veit , Beck Andreas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFollowing brain injury astrocytes change into a reactive state, proliferate and grow into the site of lesion, a process called astrogliosis, initiated and regulated by changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+. Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels may contribute to Ca2+ influx but their presence and possible function in astrocytes is not known. By RT‐PCR and RNA sequencing we identified transcripts of Trpc1, Trpc2, Trpc3, and Trpc4 in FACS‐sorted glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST)‐positive cultured mouse cortical astrocytes and subcloned full‐length Trpc1 and Trpc3 cDNAs from these cells. Ca2+ entry in cortical astrocytes depended on TRPC3 and was increased in the absence of Trpc1. After co‐expression of Trpc1 and Trpc3 in HEK‐293 cells both proteins co‐immunoprecipitate and form functional heteromeric channels, with TRPC1 reducing TRPC3 activity. In vitro, lack of Trpc3 reduced astrocyte proliferation and migration whereas the TRPC3 gain‐of‐function moonwalker mutation and Trpc1 deficiency increased astrocyte migration. In vivo, astrogliosis and cortex edema following stab wound injury were reduced in Trpc3‐/‐ but increased in Trpc1‐/‐ mice. In summary, our results show a decisive contribution of TRPC3 to astrocyte Ca2+ signaling, which is even augmented in the absence of Trpc1, in particular following brain injury. Targeted therapies to reduce TRPC3 channel activity in astrocytes might therefore be beneficial in traumatic brain injury.
The effects of multiple firefighting activities on information processing and work performance in a smoke‐diving room: An intervention study
Authors: Hemmatjo Rasoul , Motamedzade Majid , Aliabadi Mohsen , Kalatpour Omid , Farhadian Maryam 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFirefighters perform various tasks during firefighting operations under unknown and unpredictable conditions. The present study investigated the impact of firefighting activities and cooling tactics on information processing and work performance. Firefighters performed typical firefighting tasks in the four experimental conditions, namely i) no cooling device (NC), ii) cooling gel (CG), iii) cool vest (CV), and iv) cooling gel and cool vest (CG + CV). The measurement of information processing, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) scores decreased significantly after the firefighting activities in the four conditions, relative to baseline. The results revealed no significant difference in PASAT scores among the four conditions. However, the performance time (PT) was significantly shorter for the CV and CG + CV compared to the NC and CG conditions. The findings confirmed that the firefighting activities have a detrimental effect on information processing. The CG + CV and CV were more effective than CG and NC in improving PT during firefighting. However, the cooling strategies have a negligible effect on improving information processing performance.
A performance comparison between the two language versions of the Affective Go/No‐Go test: A randomised crossover study
Authors: Lyoo Younghyun C. , Park Shinwon , Ju Sejin , Shin Kyung‐Shik , Hwang Jaeuk , Yoon Sujung , Kim Jungyoon , Cho Han Byul , Kim Young Hoon , Kim Jihyun H. , Jeong Hyeonseok S. , Kim Jieun E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this randomised crossover study is to validate the Korean version of the Affective Go/No‐go (AGN) test. The Korean words for the AGN test were selected after careful evaluation of emotional valences, word length and frequency. Fifteen Korean advanced learners of English were administered both Korean and English versions, yielding 30 data points. The performance of both language versions was compared for each of the AGN test parameters (response latency, commission error and omission error) using two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were estimated to evaluate associations between the two versions. The ICCs were high for response latencies of all valences and commission errors of positive and neutral words, but not for that of negative words and omission errors of all valences. A similar pattern of test results, as revealed by the high ICCs and non‐significant interaction effects between language and word valence, suggests that the psychometric properties of the AGN test may be comparable over different language versions.
High sensitivity non‐invasive detection of calcifications deep inside biological tissue using Transmission Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Ghita Adrian , Matousek Pavel , Stone Nick 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe aim of this research was to develop a novel approach to probe non‐invasively the composition of inorganic chemicals buried deep in large volume biological samples. The method is based on advanced Transmission Raman Spectroscopy (TRS) permitting chemical specific detection within a large sampling volume. The approach could be beneficial to chemical identification of the breast calcifications detected during mammographic X‐ray procedures. The chemical composition of a breast calcification reflects the pathology of the surrounding tissue, malignant or benign and potentially the grade of malignancy. However, this information is not available from mammography, leading to excisional biopsy and histopathological assessment for a definitive diagnosis. Here we present, for the first time, a design of a new high performance deep Raman instrument and demonstrate its capability to detect type II calcifications (calcium hydroxyapatite) at clinically relevant concentrations and depths of around 40 mm in phantom tissue. This is around double the penetration depth achieved with our previous instrument design and around two orders of magnitude higher than that possible when using conventional Raman spectroscopy.magnified image
Current usage and effectiveness of influenza medications and factors regarding the time taken to alleviate fever based on postcard questionnaire survey
Authors: Tochino Yoshihiro , Fujioka Masashi , Sakazaki Hiromi , Ikuno Yoshiyasu , Tochino Rie , Yoshii Naoko , Shintaku Haruo , Hirata Kazuto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundAfter the A/H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009, two new drugs against the influenza virus, laninamivir and peramivir, were released in 2010 in Japan. We investigated the current usage and effectiveness of influenza medications and factors related to the time taken to alleviate fever.MethodsPatients diagnosed with influenza during the 2012‐2013 season in Osaka Prefecture answered a postcard questionnaire that collected data regarding their demographic characteristics, flu vaccination status, symptoms, prescribed drugs, and drug‐related adverse events.ResultsThe use of laninamivir consistently increased over the 3‐year period and was prescribed at a similar rate as oseltamivir during the last year (39% and 45%, respectively). None of the neuraminidase inhibitors had a significant effect on the fever or other symptoms of influenza infection (P=.59 and P=.70, respectively). Vaccinated influenza patients experienced fever for a significantly longer duration than the nonvaccinated patients (P=.04). However, multivariate analysis showed that only influenza virus type, but not vaccination status, was related to the alleviation of fever within 2 days.ConclusionsThere were no significant differences of effects on fever and symptoms among neuraminidase inhibitors. Virus type was only related to the alleviation of fever.