bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomaly detection by robust statistics
Authors: Rousseeuw Peter J. , Hubert Mia 
Published: November 2017

Real data often contain anomalous cases, also known as outliers. These may spoil the resulting analysis but they may also contain valuable information. In either case, the ability to detect such anomalies is essential. A useful tool for this purpose is robust statistics, which aims to detect the outliers by first fitting the majority of the data and then flagging data points that deviate from it. We present an overview of several robust methods and the resulting graphical outlier detection tools. We discuss robust procedures for univariate, low‐dimensional, and high‐dimensional data, such as estimating location and scatter, linear regression, principal component analysis, classification, clustering, and functional data analysis. Also the challenging new topic of cellwise outliers is introduced. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2018, 8:e1236. doi: 10.1002/widm.1236This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Technologies > Classification
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Technologies > Visualization
Ultrasound classification of traumatic distal biceps brachii tendon injuries
Authors: de la Fuente Javier , Blasi Marc , Martínez Sílvia , Barceló Pablo , Cachán Carlos , Miguel Maribel , Pedret Carles 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Objective
The present work is aimed at analysing ultrasound findings in patients with distal biceps brachii tendon (DBBT) injuries to assess the sensitivity of ultrasound in detecting the different forms of injury, and to compare ultrasound results with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical results.

Materials and methods
A total of 120 patients with traumatic DBBT injuries examined between 2011 and 2015 were analysed. We compared ultrasound results with MRI results when surgery was not indicated and with MRI and surgical results when surgery was indicated.

Results
For major DBBT injuries (complete tears and high-grade partial tears), the concordance study between exploration methods and surgical results found that ultrasound presented a slight statistically significant advantage over MRI (ultrasound: κ = 0.95—very good—95% CI 0.88 to 1.01, MRI: κ = 0.63—good—95% CI 0.42 to 0.84, kappa difference p < 0.01). Minor injuries, in which most tendon fibres remain intact (tendinopathies, elongations and low-grade partial tears), are the most difficult to interpret, as ultrasound and MRI reports disagreed in 12 out of 39 cases and no surgical confirmation could be obtained.

Conclusions
Based on present results and previous MRI classifications, we establish a traumatic DBBT injury ultrasound classification. The sensitivity and ultrasound–surgery correlation results in the diagnosis of major DBBT injuries obtained in the present study support the recommendation that ultrasound can be used as a first-line imaging modality to evaluate DBBT injuries.
Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequalities and non-inequalities: The full story
Authors: Mironescu Petru , Brezis Haïm 
Published: November 2017

We investigate the validity of the Gagliardo–Nirenberg type inequality

\tag{1}
\|f\|_{W^{s,p}(\mathrm{\Omega })}≲\|f\|_{W^{s_{1},p_{1}}(\mathrm{\Omega })}^{\theta }\|f\|_{W^{s_{2},p_{2}}(\mathrm{\Omega })}^{1−\theta },

with

\mathrm{\Omega } \subset \mathbb{R}^{N}

. Here,

0 \leq s_{1} \leq s \leq s_{2}

are non negative numbers (not necessarily integers),

1 \leq p_{1},p,p_{2} \leq \infty

, and we assume the standard relations

s = \theta s_{1} + (1−\theta )s_{2},\:1/ p = \theta / p_{1} + (1−\theta )/ p_{2}\text{ for some }\theta \in (0,1).

By the seminal contributions of E. Gagliardo and L. Nirenberg, (1) holds when

s_{1},s_{2},s

are integers. It turns out that (1) holds for “most” of values of

s_{1},…,p_{2}

, but not for all of them. We present an explicit condition on

s_{1},s_{2},p_{1},p_{2}

which allows to decide whether (1) holds or fails.
Positive emotions, self-esteem, interpersonal relationships and social support as mediators between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction
Authors: Ruvalcaba-Romero Norma Alicia , Fernández-Berrocal Pablo , Salazar-Estrada José Guadalupe , Gallegos-Guajardo Julia 
Published: November 2017

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar si existen diferentes niveles de cortisol en trabajadores universitarios en función de su posición en la jerarquía institucional. Con base en estudios previos, que encontraron tanto en primates como en humanos que los individuos subordinados tienen más cortisol que los individuos dominantes en sociedades estables y en situación de reposo, se buscó replicar dichos estudios en el contexto de una universidad. Se trabajó con 144 empleados, 89 hombres y 55 mujeres, que pertenecían a personal dirigente, mandos medios y personal operativo. Se tomaron 2 muestras salivales por la tarde con un intervalo de 30 min y se promediaron. Los resultados mostraron que los mandos medios tienen mayores niveles de cortisol que los dirigentes, pero estos a su vez tienen más cortisol que el personal operativo. Se discute respecto a cómo las interacciones sociales institucionales y la dimensión de poder de las mismas regulan los niveles de estrés de los individuos que trabajan en este contexto. Se mencionan algunas de las implicaciones metodológicas de este tipo de evaluaciones, así como sus implicaciones prácticas
On the generation of spiral-like paths within planar shapes
Authors: Held Martin , de Lorenzo Stefan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We simplify and extend prior work by Held and Spielberger [CAD 2009, CAD&A 2014] to obtain spiral-like paths inside of planar shapes bounded by straight-line segments and circular arcs: We use a linearization to derive a simple algorithm that computes a continuous spiral-like path which (1) consists of straight-line segments, (2) has no self-intersections, (3) respects a user-specified maximum step-over distance, and (4) starts in the interior and ends at the boundary of the shape. Then we extend this basic algorithm to double-spiral paths that start and end at the boundary, and show how these double spirals can be used to cover complicated planar shapes by composite spiral paths. We also discuss how to improve the smoothness and reduce the curvature variation of our paths, and how to boost them to higher levels of continuity.
Highlights The algorithm computes a spiral path within planar shapes with and without islands. It respects a user-specified maximum step-over distance. Double spirals and composite spiral paths can be computed. Heuristics for smoothing the spirals are discussed. The algorithm is simple and easy to implement, and suitable for various applications.
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in acute otitis externa
Authors: Duarte Maria J. , Kozin Elliott D. , Bispo Paulo J.M. , Mitchell Andreas H. , Gilmore Michael S. , Remenschneider Aaron K. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveOtologic methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has historically been rare, but given the rise in community‐acquired MRSA carriage and infection at other body sites, prevalence rates may be changing. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA in recent otologic cultures from patients with acute otitis externa (AOE).Study designRetrospective review of an institutional microbiologic database.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on serial culture isolates taken from the ear at a quaternary care hospital from January 2014 to April 2016. The causative pathogen and antibiotic sensitivity was determined by culture isolation and end point mean inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing. Medical records were reviewed to document patient characteristics, chronicity of infection, symptomatology, and previous treatments.ResultsOver the study period, 173 patients were diagnosed with AOE and underwent otologic cultures of the ear. Fifty‐three (30.6%) of cultures grew S. aureus (SA). Of SA infections, 15 (28.3%) were identified as MRSA. MRSA patients were typically older than patients with methicillin‐sensitive SA (MSSA) (mean age 46.7 ± 17.9 vs 29 ± 19.4, P = 0.003) and had more medical comorbidities (4 vs 1.7, P = 0.001). Compared to patients with MSSA, patients with MRSA were significantly more likely to have had prior ototopical antibiotic exposure (37% vs 73%, P = 0.019).ConclusionContemporary ear culture isolates at quaternary care center show higher rates of MRSA compared to historical reports in the literature. Clinicians should consider ear cultures to identify MRSA AOE.Level of EvidenceIV.
Diachronie de la négation phrastique en français : apports d'une approche sociohistorique
Authors: Donaldson Bryan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article examines the evolution of Old French sentential negation from a sociohistorical perspective. In Old French, simple negation (ne+ verb) comes increasingly into competition with the innovative reinforced or bipartite variant (ne+ verb +pas/mie/point). Starting from the hypothesis that the distribution of conservative and innovative forms varies by language register, frequencies of each form are analyzed in represented speech and in narrative, two distinct registers within a single text. In some texts, register is shown to influence the distribution of the variants, with higher rates of reinforced negation appearing in represented speech as opposed to narrative passages. Furthermore, some of the data reveal gender variation, with the represented speech of men appearing more innovative than that of women with respect to negation. The results suggest that the form of sentential negation in Old French was influenced by sociostylistic factors.
Colloidal shuttles for programmable cargo transport
Authors: Demirörs Ahmet F. , Eichenseher Fritz , Loessner Martin J. , Studart André R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe active transport of cargo molecules within cells is essential for life. Developing synthetic strategies for cargo control in living or inanimate thermal systems could lead to powerful tools to manipulate chemical gradients at the microscale and thus drive processes out of equilibrium to realize work. Here we demonstrate a colloidal analog of the complex biological shuttles responsible for molecular trafficking in cells. Our colloidal shuttles consist of magneto-dielectric particles that are loaded with cargo particles or living cells through size-selective dielectrophoretic trapping using electrical fields. The loaded colloidal shuttle can be transported with magnetic field gradients before cargo is released at the target location by switching off the electrical field. Such spatiotemporal control over the distribution of chemically active cargo in a reversible fashion can be potentially exploited for fundamental biological research or for the development of novel technologies for advanced cell culturing, drug discovery and medical diagnosis.
Restoration of patterned vision with an engineered photoactivatable G protein-coupled receptor
Authors: Berry Michael H. , Holt Amy , Levitz Joshua , Broichhagen Johannes , Gaub Benjamin M. , Visel Meike , Stanley Cherise , Aghi Krishan , Kim Yang Joon , Cao Kevin , Kramer Richard H. , Trauner Dirk , Flannery John , Isacoff Ehud Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRetinitis pigmentosa results in blindness due to degeneration of photoreceptors, but spares other retinal cells, leading to the hope that expression of light-activated signaling proteins in the surviving cells could restore vision. We used a retinal G protein-coupled receptor, mGluR2, which we chemically engineered to respond to light. In retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of blind rd1 mice, photoswitch-charged mGluR2 (“SNAG-mGluR2”) evoked robust OFF responses to light, but not in wild-type retinas, revealing selectivity for RGCs that have lost photoreceptor input. SNAG-mGluR2 enabled animals to discriminate parallel from perpendicular lines and parallel lines at varying spacing. Simultaneous viral delivery of the inhibitory SNAG-mGluR2 and excitatory light-activated ionotropic glutamate receptor LiGluR yielded a distribution of expression ratios, restoration of ON, OFF and ON-OFF light responses and improved visual acuity. Thus, SNAG-mGluR2 restores patterned vision and combinatorial light response diversity provides a new logic for enhanced-acuity retinal prosthetics.
Observed positive vegetation-rainfall feedbacks in the Sahel dominated by a moisture recycling mechanism
Authors: Yu Yan , Notaro Michael , Wang Fuyao , Mao Jiafu , Shi Xiaoying , Wei Yaxing 
Published: November 2017

AbstractClassic, model-based theory of land-atmosphere interactions across the Sahel promote positive vegetation-rainfall feedbacks dominated by surface albedo mechanism. However, neither the proposed positive vegetation-rainfall feedback nor its underlying albedo mechanism has been convincingly demonstrated using observational data. Here, we present observational evidence for the region’s proposed positive vegetation-rainfall feedback on the seasonal to interannual time scale, and find that it is associated with a moisture recycling mechanism, rather than the classic albedo-based mechanism. Positive anomalies of remotely sensed vegetation greenness across the Sahel during the late and post-monsoon periods favor enhanced evapotranspiration, precipitable water, convective activity and rainfall, indicative of amplified moisture recycling. The identified modest low-level cooling and anomalous atmospheric subsidence in response to positive vegetation greenness anomalies are counter to the responses expected through the classic vegetation-albedo feedback mechanism. The observational analysis further reveals enhanced dust emissions in response to diminished Sahel vegetation growth, potentially contributing to the positive vegetation-rainfall feedback.
Endogenous Annexin-A1 Regulates Haematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilisation and Inflammatory Response Post Myocardial Infarction in Mice In Vivo
Authors: Qin Cheng Xue , Finlayson Siobhan B. , Al-Sharea Annas , Tate Mitchel , De Blasio Miles J. , Deo Minh , Rosli Sarah , Prakoso Darnel , Thomas Colleen J. , Kiriazis Helen , Gould Eleanor , Yang Yuan H. , Morand Eric F. , Perretti Mauro , Murphy Andrew J. , Du Xiao-Jun , Gao Xiao-Ming , Ritchie Rebecca H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEndogenous anti-inflammatory annexin-A1 (ANX-A1) plays an important role in preserving left ventricular (LV) viability and function after ischaemic insults in vitro, but its long-term cardioprotective actions in vivo are largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that ANX-A1-deficiency exaggerates inflammation, haematopoietic stem progenitor cell (HSPC) activity and LV remodelling in response to myocardial ischaemia in vivo. Adult ANX-A1−/− mice subjected to coronary artery occlusion exhibited increased infarct size and LV macrophage content after 24–48 h reperfusion compared with wildtype (WT) counterparts. In addition, ANX-A1−/− mice exhibited greater expansion of HSPCs and altered pattern of HSPC mobilisation 8 days post-myocardial infarction, with increased circulating neutrophils and platelets, consistent with increased cardiac inflammation as a result of increased myeloid invading injured myocardium in response to MI. Furthermore, ANX-A1−/− mice exhibited significantly increased expression of LV pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes and collagen deposition after MI compared to WT counterparts. ANX-A1-deficiency increased cardiac necrosis, inflammation, hypertrophy and fibrosis following MI, accompanied by exaggerated HSPC activity and impaired macrophage phenotype. These findings suggest that endogenous ANX-A1 regulates mobilisation and differentiation of HSPCs. Limiting excessive monocyte/neutrophil production may limit LV damage in vivo. Our findings support further development of novel ANX-A1-based therapies to improve cardiac outcomes after MI.
Spindle associated membrane protein 1 (Samp1) is required for the differentiation of muscle cells
Authors: Jafferali Mohammed Hakim , Figueroa Ricardo A. , Hasan Mehedi , Hallberg Einar 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMuscles are developed and regenerated in a differentiation process called myogenesis, which involves components of the nuclear envelope. We have investigated Samp1 (Spindle Associated Membrane Protein 1), a transmembrane nuclear envelope protein, which interacts with emerin and lamin A, both of which are linked to Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). We found that the levels of Samp1 increased seven-fold during differentiation of mouse C2C12 muscle progenitor cells. To test if Samp1 could have a role in myogenesis we developed stable C2C12 knockdown cell lines expressing short hairpin RNA targeting Samp1 expression. The Samp1 depleted C2C12 cells displayed normal mobility and normal distribution of emerin and lamin A. However, Samp1 depletion increased ERK signaling and completely blocked differentiation of C2C12 cells, which failed to express myogenic marker proteins and failed to form myotubes. The block in myogenesis in Samp1 depleted cells was completely rescued by ectopic expression of RNAi resistant human Samp1, showing that Samp1 is required for muscle differentiation.
CMScaller: an R package for consensus molecular subtyping of colorectal cancer pre-clinical models
Authors: Eide Peter W. , Bruun Jarle , Lothe Ragnhild A. , Sveen Anita 
Published: November 2017

AbstractColorectal cancers (CRCs) can be divided into four gene expression-based biologically distinct consensus molecular subtypes (CMS). This classification provides a potential framework for stratified treatment, but to identify novel CMS-drug associations, translation of the subtypes to pre-clinical models is essential. The currently available classifier is dependent on gene expression signals from the immune and stromal compartments of tumors and fails to identify the poor-prognostic CMS4-mesenchymal group in immortalized cell lines, patient-derived organoids and xenografts. To address this, we present a novel CMS classifier based on a filtered set of cancer cell-intrinsic, subtype-enriched gene expression markers. This new classifier, referred to as CMScaller, recapitulated the subtypes in bothin vitroandin vivomodels (551 in total). Importantly, by analyzing public drug response data from patient-derived xenografts and cell lines, we show that the subtypes are predictive of response to standard CRC drugs. CMScaller is available as an R package.
Monkeys share the neurophysiological basis for encoding sound periodicities captured by the frequency-following response with humans
Authors: Ayala Yaneri A. , Lehmann Alexandre , Merchant Hugo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe extraction and encoding of acoustical temporal regularities are fundamental for human cognitive auditory abilities such as speech or beat entrainment. Because the comparison of the neural sensitivity to temporal regularities between human and animals is fundamental to relate non-invasive measures of auditory processing to their neuronal basis, here we compared the neural representation of auditory periodicities between human and non-human primates by measuring scalp-recorded frequency-following response (FFR). We found that rhesus monkeys can resolve the spectrotemporal structure of periodic stimuli to a similar extent as humans by exhibiting a homologous FFR potential to the speech syllable /da/. The FFR in both species is robust and phase-locked to the fundamental frequency of the sound, reflecting an effective neural processing of the fast-periodic information of subsyllabic cues. Our results thus reveal a conserved neural ability to track acoustical regularities within the primate order. These findings open the possibility to study the neurophysiology of complex sound temporal processing in the macaque subcortical and cortical areas, as well as the associated experience-dependent plasticity across the auditory pathway in behaving monkeys.
Mineral particles stimulate innate immunity through neutrophil extracellular traps containing HMGB1
Authors: Peng Hsin-Hsin , Liu Yu-Ju , Ojcius David M. , Lee Chiou-Mei , Chen Ren-Hao , Huang Pei-Rong , Martel Jan , Young John D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCalcium phosphate-based mineralo-organic particles form spontaneously in the body and may represent precursors of ectopic calcification. We have shown earlier that these particles induce activation of caspase-1 and secretion of IL-1β by macrophages. However, whether the particles may produce other effects on immune cells is unclear. Here, we show that these particles induce the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in a size-dependent manner by human neutrophils. Intracellular production of reactive oxygen species is required for particle-induced NET release by neutrophils. NETs contain the high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), a DNA-binding protein capable of inducing secretion of TNF-α by a monocyte/macrophage cell line and primary macrophages. HMGB1 functions as a ligand of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 on macrophages, leading to activation of the MyD88 pathway and TNF-α production. Furthermore, HMGB1 is critical to activate the particle-induced pro-inflammatory cascade in the peritoneum of mice. These results indicate that mineral particles promote pro-inflammatory responses by engaging neutrophils and macrophages via signaling of danger signals through NETs.
Ice nucleation triggered by negative pressure
Authors: Marcolli Claudia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHomogeneous ice nucleation needs supercooling of more than 35 K to become effective. When pressure is applied to water, the melting and the freezing points both decrease. Conversely, melting and freezing temperatures increase under negative pressure, i.e. when water is stretched. This study presents an extrapolation of homogeneous ice nucleation temperatures from positive to negative pressures as a basis for further exploration of ice nucleation under negative pressure. It predicts that increasing negative pressure at temperatures below about 262 K eventually results in homogeneous ice nucleation while at warmer temperature homogeneous cavitation, i. e. bubble nucleation, dominates. Negative pressure occurs locally and briefly when water is stretched due to mechanical shock, sonic waves, or fragmentation. The occurrence of such transient negative pressure should suffice to trigger homogeneous ice nucleation at large supercooling in the absence of ice-nucleating surfaces. In addition, negative pressure can act together with ice-inducing surfaces to enhance their intrinsic ice nucleation efficiency. Dynamic ice nucleation can be used to improve properties and uniformity of frozen products by applying ultrasonic fields and might also be relevant for the freezing of large drops in rainclouds.