bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fluid Retention Syndrome: Recognition, Risk Factors and Management
Authors: Dunnigan MG , Czapla K , Henderson JB , Pelosi AJ 
Published: July 2017

A complaint of bloating or swelling of sufficient severity to lead to medical consultation is the lead symptom of a syndrome (the fluid retention syndrome) which includes affective, somatic and autonomic symptoms. These appear to have a primary origin in a neuroendocrine disturbance of limbic and hypothalamic function and form a substantial part of the work-load of a menopause clinic. The fluid retention syndrome, in turn, is one component of a spectrum of affective-somatic-autonomic disorders which comprise a significant part of the general practitioner's work load. Major risk factors for the fluid retention syndrome comprise a strong family history of swelling symptoms and/or diabetes mellitus, affective illness, including major life events, weight gain and obesity. Short term exacerbations of swelling are precipitated by emotional stress, high carbohydrate meals, alcohol, prolonged standing and exercise, high ambient temperatures and rebound oedema following the withdrawal of diuretic therapy. Management involves recognition of the syndrome, a clear explanation of its nature to the patient, the control of weight-related fluid retention by reduction to a pre-morbid target weight and the avoidance of inappropriate drug therapy. In particular, diuretics should not be prescribed for fluid-retaining symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) should be prescribed for patients with the fluid retention syndrome if there is biochemical evidence of ovarian failure. The role of HRT in inducing rapid bloating independently of weight gain requires evaluation by a randomised controlled clinical trial. More effective management of the syndrome awaits further understanding of the neuroendocrine substrate for the disorder.
Spatial and Temporal (RAPCOM) Visual Display Formats and the Proximity Compatibility Principle
Authors: Uhlarik John , Joseph Kurt M. 
Published: July 2017

RAPCOM (rapid communication) displays involve temporal presentation of information in the same spatial location and have been suggested to have useful potential for human-computer interactions involving high information transfer rates (cf., Matin and Boff, 1988). An experiment was conducted to evaluate the relative effectiveness of various spatial and temporal display formats for presenting information pertaining to the likelihood of aircraft stall using the simulated dynamics of a light aircraft. Specific spatial and temporal characteristics of the display formats were based on the proximity compatibility principle (PCP) which attempts to integrate findings regarding the benefits and limitations of displaying multiple sources of information in similar or “proximal” ways (Wickens and Andre, 1990; Carswell and Wickens, 1990). The effectiveness of these display formats were compared for judgments which required the integration of three display parameters (airspeed, bank, and flap angle) to determine stall probability with those requiring focused attention necessitating the recall of the specific value of one of the parameters. For the complex monitoring task used in this experiment, temporal display formats were generally associated with the most accurate performance. Furthermore, the overall pattern of results was not consistent with design guidelines suggested by the PCP, and suggest difficulties when attempting to define “proximity” in terms of physical metrics based on spatial or temporal parameters.
A Project Management Strategy for Collection and Reporting of Casemix Profiles and Hospital Clinical Indicators
Authors: Mair Nicole 
Published: July 2017

A newly developed strategy and computerised system for collection and reporting of hospital clinical indicators and doctor activity. A project was developed to analyse, plan and implement a data management strategy for Australian Council on Healthcare Standards (ACHS) clinical indicators. This project incorporated objectives for review of all available clinical indicators, analysis of appropriate medical and surgical clinical indicators, review and redesign of data collection methods, and feed-back processes suitable for hospital staff and visiting medical specialists. In conjunction with a software vendor, the hospital developed a computerised system for collection and reporting of clinical indicators. In addition to this, the system extracts data from the hospital's main database, to provide doctors with information regarding their own patient cases (doctor profiles), overview of activities of their specialty (specialty profiles) and casemix analysis.
An Experimental Approach towards an Equation for the Prediction of Piercing Mandrels Wear
Authors: Carr G E , Conde R H , Chapetti M D 
Published: July 2017

Analysis of the relationship between variables involved in the wear of mandrels used for seamless tube making was carried out. Laboratory-scale mandrels were pierced in sequences with different process parameters. Process data were acquired during piercing events and digital photographs of the mandrels’ silhouette were taken to study their profile evolution. Direct variables were registered and others were created. Data were first analysed in ranges of furnace temperature and cooling water flow. A self-organizing map (a kind of artificial neural network) was trained with experimental data for further multi-variable analysis. Results were analysed from the data clusters found and conclusions were extracted. Furnace temperature and cooling water flow were important for their influence on wear but a definite relationship could not be established. Results showed that the mandrel shape and wear condition could be inferred through the study of the axial force curve. A first equation for mandrel wear prediction is introduced, taking into account the relations found between the most important variables involved in the process. Nevertheless, additional research must be done considering the billet material stress fields and friction contact conditions.
Chronic airflow obstruction after successful treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Byrne Anthony L. , Marais Ben J. , Mitnick Carole D. , Garden Frances L. , Lecca Leonid , Contreras Carmen , Yauri Yaninna , Garcia Fanny , Marks Guy B. 
Published: July 2017

Cross-sectional studies reveal an association between tuberculosis (TB) and chronic airflow obstruction, but cannot adequately address confounding. We hypothesised that treated pulmonary TB is an independent risk factor for chronic airflow obstruction.The Pulmones Post TB cohort study enrolled participants from Lima, Peru, aged 10–70 years with a history of drug-susceptible (DS)- or multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB who had completed treatment and were clinically cured. Unexposed participants without TB were randomly selected from the same districts. We assessed respiratory symptoms, relevant environmental exposures, and spirometric lung function pre- and post-bronchodilator.In total, 144 participants with DS-TB, 33 with MDR-TB and 161 unexposed participants were fully evaluated. Compared with unexposed participants, MDR-TB patients had lower lung volumes (adjusted mean difference in forced vital capacity −370 mL, 95% CI −644– −97) and post-bronchodilator airflow obstruction (adjusted OR 4.89, 95% CI 1.27–18.78). Participants who had recovered from DS-TB did not have lower lung volumes than unexposed participants, but were more likely to have a reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio <0.70 (adjusted OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.01–6.03).Individuals successfully treated for TB may experience long-lasting sequelae. Interventions facilitating earlier TB treatment and management of chronic respiratory disease should be explored.
The Paris Catacombs
Authors: Legacey Erin-Marie 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough the Paris Catacombs have been a popular space in Paris since opening to the public in 1809, this is the first academic study that seeks to situate the public ossuary within a postrevolutionary context. By examining both the early institutional history and popular reception of the Catacombs, this article demonstrates how the Catacombs were instrumental in helping the population process and resolve the dislocation of the Revolution. Specifically, it examines how visitors used the underground space to express anxieties about revolutionary values like equality and to create a sense of historical stability after the Revolution's radical rupture with the past.Depuis leur ouverture en 1809, les catacombes de Paris sont un espace très populaire. Cet article est la première étude savante qui les situe dans un contexte postrévolutionnaire. En analysant l'histoire institutionnelle et la réception publique des catacombes, cet article explique comment l'ossuaire a aidé les Parisiens à comprendre et à résoudre la désorientation de la Révolution. L'article examine la façon dont les visiteurs ont utilisé cet espace souterrain pour exprimer leurs soucis concernant les valeurs révolutionnaires, comme l'égalité, et pour chercher une « stabilité historique » après la rupture révolutionnaire.
Excited Triplet States of [{Mo6Cl8}Cl6]2−, [{Re6S8}Cl6]4−, and [{W6Cl8}Cl6]2− Clusters
Authors: Kitamura Noboru , Kuwahara Yusuke , Ueda Yuichi , Ito Yuki , Ishizaka Shoji , Sasaki Yoichi , Tsuge Kiyoshi , Akagi Soichiro 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The temperature (T) dependences of the emission spectra and lifetimes of octahedral hexanuclear molybdenum(II) ([{Mo6Cl8}Cl6]2− = [1]2−), rhenium(III) ([{Re6S8}Cl6]4− = [2]4−), and tungsten(II) clusters ([{W6Cl8}Cl6]2− = [3]2−) in crystalline or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) phases were studied. The emission spectrum of the cluster showed a lower-energy shift upon heating from 3 to 70 K, while that shifted gradually to higher-energy above 70 K. The emission spectral shifts of the cluster upon T-elevation accompanied sharp (&lt;50 K) and gradual decreases (&gt;50 K) in the emission lifetime. Such T-dependent emission characteristics, commonly observed for these three cluster complexes, were analyzed by assuming the contribution of the emissions from the excited triplet state spin-sublevels. The large T dependences of the emission lifetimes and spectra of the hexanuclear Mo(II), Re(III), and W(II) clusters can be understood by a single context of the contributions of the emissions from the excited triplet state spin-sublevels.
Measurement of pH, exudate composition and temperature in wound healing: a systematic review
Authors: Power G. , Moore Z. , O'Connor T. 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To assess the potential of measurements of pH, exudate composition and temperature in wounds to predict healing outcomes and to identify the methods that are employed to measure them. Method: A systematic review based on the outcomes of a search strategy of quantitative primary research published in the English language was conducted. Inclusion criteria limited studies to those involving in vivo and human participants with an existing or intentionally provoked wound, defined as ‘a break in the epithelial integrity of the skin’, and excluded in vitro and animal studies. Data synthesis and analysis was performed using structured narrative summaries of each included study arranged by concept, pH, exudate composition and temperature. The Evidence Based Literature (EBL) Critical Appraisal Checklist was implemented to appraise the quality of the included studies. Results: A total of 23 studies, three for pH (mean quality score 54.48%), 12 for exudate composition (mean quality score 46.54%) and eight for temperature (mean quality score 36.66%), were assessed as eligible for inclusion in this review. Findings suggest that reduced pH levels in wounds, from alkaline towards acidic, are associated with improvements in wound condition. Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP), neutrophil elastase (NE) and albumin, in descending order, were the most frequently measured analytes in wounds. MMP-9 emerged as the analyte which offers the most potential as a biomarker of wound healing, with elevated levels observed in acute or non-healing wounds and decreasing levels in wounds progressing in healing. Combined measures of different exudate components, such as MMP/TIMP ratios, also appeared to offer substantial potential to indicate wound healing. Finally, temperature measurements are highest in non-healing, worsening or acute wounds and decrease as wounds progress towards healing. Methods used to measure pH, exudate composition and temperature varied greatly and, despite noting some similarities, the studies often yielded significantly contrasting results. Furthermore, a limitation to the generalisability of the findings was the overall quality scores of the research studies, which appeared suboptimal. Conclusion: Despite some promising findings, there was insufficient evidence to confidently recommend the use of any of these measures as predictors of wound healing. pH measurement appeared as the most practical method for use in clinical practice to indicate wound healing outcomes. Further research is required to increase the strength of evidence and develop a greater understanding of wound healing dynamics.
Patients' and clinicians' experiences of wound care in Canada: a descriptive qualitative study
Authors: K.Y. Woo , J. Wong , K. Rice , S. Coelho , E. Haratsidis , L. Teague , V.E. Rac , M. Krahn 
Published: July 2017

Objective: This study sought to explore patients' and clinicians' perceptions and experiences with the provision of standard care by a home care nurse alone or by a multidisciplinary wound care team. Method: The interviews were conducted using an in-depth semi structured format; following a funnel idea of starting out broad and narrowing down, ensuring that all the necessary topics were covered by the end of the interview. Results: A purposive sample of 16 patients with different wound types were interviewed to ensure that the data would reflect the range and diversity of treatment and care experience. To reflect the diversity of experiences 12 clinicians from various clinical backgrounds were interviewed. Based on the analysis of the interviews, there are four overarching themes: wound care expertise is required across health-care sectors, psychosocial needs of patients with chronic wounds are key barriers to treatment concordance, structured training, and a well-coordinated multidisciplinary team approach. Conclusion: Results of this qualitative study identified different barriers and facilitators that affect the experiences of community-based wound care.
Social media and autism spectrum conditions
Authors: Barber Christopher 
Published: July 2017

For many people with an autism spectrum condition, online networking offers the opportunity to communicate with others in relative comfort. However, says Christopher Barber, nurses working in a support capacity should be aware of the accompanying risks Social media is a common and everyday method of communication which has both advantages and disadvantages for a wide variety of people—including those with an autism spectrum condition. Indeed, due to issues around social communication, many of those on the autism spectrum often prefer communicating via social media. A range of disadvantages of using social media include the potential for inappropriate use, the potential for those seeking to politically radicalise vulnerable adults and the rise of the ‘troll’. This short article will briefly explore these issues and the role of the nurse in supporting those on the autism spectrum who wish to use social media sites on the internet.
Improving immunisation uptake in babies and toddlers
Authors: Kraszewski Sarah 
Published: July 2017

With ‘emotional, cultural, spiritual and political factors’ creating barriers to some parents or carers, ensuring sufficient levels of childhood immunisation to provide ‘herd protection’ calls for an approach that is tailored to the individual, writes Sarah Kraszewski The childhood immunisation schedule is an established and highly successful public health intervention. The uptake of immunisation varies across society, and in some areas certain vaccinations are not achieving the 95% threshold required to provide herd immunity. The immunisation schedule requires a multi-faceted approach at both national and local levels to encourage confidence in the vaccines and reduce vaccine hesitancy.
Modeling Streambank Erosion on Composite Streambanks on a Watershed Scale
Authors: Mittelstet Aaron R. , Storm Daniel E. , Fox Garey A. , Allen Peter M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Streambanks can be a significant source of sediment and phosphorus to aquatic ecosystems. Although the streambank-erosion routine in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has improved in recent versions, the recently developed routine in SWAT 2012 has undergone limited testing, and the lack of site or watershed specific streambank data increases the uncertainty in the streambank-erosion predictions. There were two primary objectives of this research: (1) modify and test the 2012 SWAT streambank-erosion routine on composite streambanks, and (2) compare SWAT default and field-measured channel parameters and assess their influence on predicted streambank erosion. Three modifications were made to the SWAT 2012 streambank-erosion routine: (1) replacing the empirical effective shear stress equation with a process-based equation, (2) replacing bankfull width and depth measurements with top width and streambank height, and (3) incorporating an area-adjustment factor to account for non-trapezoidal cross-sections. The proposed streambank-erosion routine was tested on gravel-dominated streambanks on the Barren Fork Creek in northeastern Oklahoma. The study used data from 28 cross-sectional surveys, including streambank height and top width, side slope, thickness and texture of streambank layers, and an area-adjustment factor. Gravel d50 and kd-tc relationships were used to estimate the critical shear stress (tc) and the erodibility coefficient (kd), respectively. Incorporating the process-based shear stress equation, area-adjustment factor, or the top width and streambank height increased predicted streambank erosion by 85%, 31%, and -30%, respectively. Incorporating the process-based effective shear stress equation, sinuosity, radius of curvature, and measured bed slope improved the predicted versus observed streambank erosion Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency from -0.33 to 0.49 and the coefficient of determination (R2) from 0.02 to 0.65 at the ten study sites. Although the process-based effective shear stress equation was the most influential modification, incorporating the top width, streambank height, and area-adjustment factor more accurately represented the measured irregular cross-sections. Keywords: Composite streambanks, Fluvial erosion, Streambank erosion, SWAT.
Impact of Macropores and Gravel Outcrops on Phosphorus Leaching at the Plot Scale in Silt Loam Soils
Authors: Heeren Derek M. , Fox Garey A. , Penn Chad J. , Halihan Todd , Storm Daniel E. , Haggard Brian E. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. In response to increased nutrient loads in surface waters, scientists and engineers need to identify critical nutrient source areas and transport mechanisms within a catchment to protect beneficial uses of aquatic systems in a cost-effective manner. It was hypothesized that hydrologic heterogeneities (e.g., macropores and gravel outcrops) in the vadose zone play an integral role in affecting flow and solute transport between the soil surface and shallow alluvial aquifers. The objective of this research was to characterize phosphorus (P) leaching through silt loam soils to alluvial gravel aquifers in the floodplains of the Ozark ecoregion at the plot scale. Solute injection experiments used plots (1 m × 1 m, 3 m × 3 m, and 10 m × 10 m) that maintained a constant head for up to 52 h. Solutes in the injection water included P (highly sorptive), Rhodamine WT (slightly sorptive), and chloride (conservative). Electrical resistivity imaging identified zones of preferential flow. Fluid samples from observation wells indicated nonuniform subsurface flow and transport. The surface soil type, ranging from silt loam to clean gravel outcrops, had a significant impact on P leaching capacity, with gravel outcrops resulting in high infiltration rates and rapid solute detection in wells (e.g., 4 min). Even in silt loam soils without gravel outcrops, macropore flow resulted in rapid transport of P. Maximum transport velocity for soluble reactive P in one silt loam plot was 810 cm h-1, compared with a mean pore water velocity in the range of 25 to 130 cm h-1. Soluble reactive P concentrations in observation wells reached up to 0.54 mg L-1 in silt loam plots and 1.3 mg L-1 in gravel outcrop plots, demonstrating that a highly sorbing solute can be mobile. Keywords: Gravel outcrop, Leaching, Macropores, Ozark ecoregion, Phosphorus.
Fungal Pretreatment to Improve Digestibility of Corn Stover for Animal Feed
Authors: Huang Haibo , Wang Zhaoqin , Pan Shao-Chi , Shoup Lindsay M. , Felix Tara L. , Perkins John B. , May Oliver , Singh Vijay 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Lignin reduces the digestibility of corn stover as animal feed. Fungal pretreatment has proven an effective way to degrade lignin to improve the bioavailability of corn stover. To understand further the dynamics of the fungal pretreatment process, we investigated the effects of three key parameters (i.e., cultivation time, culture inoculum dosage, and sterilization) on pretreatment of corn stover using a white-rot ). Corn stover was inoculated with different dosages of culture and cultivated for 10, 20, and 30 days. The digestibility of the pretreated corn stover was evaluated by both enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation with rumen fluid. The lignin degradation in corn stover increased from 0.1% to 20.7% between days 10 and 30. Compared to the raw sample, corn stover pretreated with fungi for 30 days had a significantly greater glucose yield (53.8% compared to 23.3%) and xylose yield (37.9% compared to 13.1%) when enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted (p &lt; 0.05). Increasing the culture inoculum dosage from 4 to 16 mL did not affect the digestibility of corn stover (p &gt; 0.05). Fungal-pretreated corn stover had a greater fermentation rate than raw corn stover during the first 8 h. Fungal pretreatment of non-sterile corn stover caused a substantially reduced sugar yield and fermentation rate, indicating that sterilization is an important step before fungal pretreatment. The results of this study provide key information for the future development of fungal pretreatment of corn stover. Keywords: Corn stover, Digestibility, Fungal pretreatment, Enzymatic hydrolysis, In vitro fermentation.