bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of standard axial and thin‐section coronal diffusion‐weighted imaging facilitates the diagnosis of brainstem infarction
Authors: Felfeli Philippe , Wenz Holger , Al‐Zghloul Mansour , Groden Christoph , Förster Alex 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground and PurposeAlthough diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) is a very sensitive technique for the detection of small ischemic lesions in the human brain, in particular in the brainstem it may fail to demonstrate acute ischemic infarction. In this study, we sought to evaluate the value of additional thin‐section coronal DWI for the detection of brainstem infarction.MethodsIn 155 consecutive patients (median age 69 [interquartile range, IQR 57–78] years, 95 [61.3%] males) with isolated brainstem infarction, MRI findings were analyzed, with emphasis on ischemic lesions on standard axial (5 mm) and thin‐section coronal (3 mm) DWI.ResultsOn DWI, we identified ischemic lesions in the mesencephalon in 12 (7.7%), pons in 115 (74.2%), and medulla oblongata in 31 (20%) patients. In 3 (1.9%) cases—all of these with medulla oblongata infarction—the ischemic lesion was detected only on thin‐section coronal DWI. Overall, in 35 (22.6%) patients the ischemic lesion was more easily identified on thin‐section coronal DWI in comparison to standard axial DWI. In these, the ischemic lesions were significantly smaller (0.06 [IQR 0.05–0.11] cm3 vs. 0.25 [IQR 0.13–0.47] cm3; p < .001) in comparison to those patients whose ischemic lesion was more easily (6 [3.9%]) or at least similarly well identified (114 [73.5%]) on standard axial DWI.ConclusionsSince thin‐section coronal DWI may facilitate the diagnosis of brainstem infarction, we suggest its inclusion in standard stroke MRI protocols.
Catastrophic outcome of patients with a rebound after Natalizumab treatment discontinuation
Authors: González‐Suarez Inés , Rodríguez de Antonio Luis , Orviz Aida , Moreno‐García Sara , Valle‐Arcos María D. , Matias‐Guiu Jordi A. , Valencia Cristina , Jorquera Moya Manuela , Oreja‐Guevara Celia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionNatalizumab (NTZ) is an effective drug for the treatment of relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis. In some patients discontinuation is mandatory due to the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. However, severe clinical and radiological worsening has been described after drug cessation. Our aim was to describe the clinical and radiological features of the rebound phenomenon.Material and MethodsPatients switched fromNTZto Fingolimod (FTY) who had presented a rebound after discontinuation were selected. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were collected.ResultsFourJCvirus positive patients were included. The mean disease duration was 9.5 years (SD: 4.12) with a mean time of 3.1 years onNTZ. All patients startedFTYwithin 3–4 months. Neurological deterioration started in a mean time of 3.5 months (SD: 2.08) with multifocal involvement: 75% motor disturbances, 50% cognitive impairment, 25% seizures. The average worsening in Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] was of 3.25 points (SD: 2.33). TheMRIshowed a very large increase in T2 and gadolinium‐enhanced lesions (mean: 23.67,SD: 18.58). All patients received 5 days of IV methylprednisolone, one patient required plasma exchange. All the patients presented neurological deterioration with anEDSSworsening of 1.13 points (SD: 0.48). After the rebound three patients continued treatment withFTY, only one patient restartedNTZ.ConclusionDiscontinuation ofNTZtreatment may trigger a severe rebound with marked clinical and radiological worsening. A very careful evaluation of benefit‐risk should be considered beforeNTZwithdrawal, and a close monitoring and a short washout period is recommended after drug withdrawal.
Mid‐term outcomes of orbital atherectomy combined with drug‐coated balloon angioplasty for treatment of femoropopliteal disease
Authors: Foley T. Raymond , Cotter Ryan P. , Kokkinidis Damianos G. , Nguyen Daniel D. , Waldo Stephen W. , Armstrong Ehrin J. 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo assess the intraprocedural and mid‐term outcomes of orbital atherectomy (OA) combined with drug‐coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty for the treatment of calcified femoropopliteal disease.MethodsIn this single‐center cohort, 89 patients (139 lesions) were treated with DCB angioplasty for claudication or critical limb ischemia (CLI). Angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes were reviewed for patients treated with or without adjunctive OA. Lesion calcification was graded using two previously published scoring systems, the angiographic calcium score (ACS) and the peripheral artery calcification scoring system (PACSS).ResultsAmong 139 lesions, 40 (29%) were treated with OA + DCB. Mean lesion length was 135 ± 100 mm for lesions treated with OA + DCB and 139 ± 100 mm for DCB alone (P = 0.9). Moderate to severe calcification was present in 83% of patients treated with OA, compared to 42% of patients treated with DCB alone (P < 0.001). Lesions treated with OA + DCB were less likely to require bailout stenting (18% vs. 39%, P =0.01). Rates of embolization (0% in OA + DCB vs. 2% in DCB only, P = 0.4), dissection (13% vs. 14%, P = 0.8), and perforation (0%) did not differ significantly between groups. The freedom from TLR at 1 year was 82% in both groups (P = 0.6) while primary patency was 81% in‐patients treated with DCB alone and 77% in‐patients treated with DCB with concomitant OA (P = 0.8).ConclusionIn this single‐center analysis of patients undergoing DCB angioplasty for claudication or CLI, OA was most often used for the treatment of severely calcified lesions. These lesions were more likely to be treated with scoring balloons and less likely to require bailout stenting. At 1 year, target lesion revascularization and primary patency was similar in patients treated with and without adjunctive OA, despite the higher lesion complexity among those receiving the combination procedure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Closure of patent foramen ovale defects using GORE® CARDIOFORM septal occluder: Results from a prospective European multicenter study
Authors: Hardt Stefan E. , Eicken Andreas , Berger Felix , Schubert Stephan , Carminati Mario , Butera Gianfranco , Grohmann Jochen , Höhn Rene , Nielsen‐Kudsk Jens Erik , Hildick‐Smith David , Settergren Magnus , Thomson John D. , Geis Nicolas , Søndergaard Lars 
Published: March 2017

AimsThe GORE® CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder (GSO) is a novel device designed for rapid and effective closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) which has distinctive features making it suitable for a broad spectrum of anatomical variations. We report the procedural and 6 months follow‐up results of the first prospective, multicenter study using GSO.Methods and ResultsThis single‐arm study included 150 subjects undergoing closure of PFO in 10 European centers. In 149 out of 150 patients implantation of a GSO device was successful. One patient had a different PFO‐closure device implanted. Periprocedural complications were few including one patient with suspected transient ischemic attack, two access site bleedings, and one patient with AV‐fistula. No device embolization occurred. During the 6‐month follow‐up period one patient had a transient asymptomatic thrombus on the device and four patients (2.6%) were diagnosed new onset paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, which were successfully treated. No thrombembolic events occurred. Closure was successful in 94.2% of subjects at discharge evaluation and 96.9% at 6 months follow‐up.ConclusionThis prospective, multicenter study adds to previous published data and suggests that GSO is a versatile device for PFO closure with high procedural and closure success rates and low complication rates through mid‐term follow‐up. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zoledronic acid for neonatal subcutaneous fat necrosis
Authors: Di Bari Jeremy A. , Nead Jennifer A. , Schurman Scott J. 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageSubcutaneous fat necrosis (SFN) in infants producing severe hypercalcemia is a life‐threatening emergency. Pathophysiology may include enhanced gastrointestinal calcium absorption and bone resorption. We treated an infant with SFN and serum calcium of 15 mg/dL with prednisolone and low‐dose zoledronic acid. Serum calcium promptly normalized without rebound hypocalcemia, and redosing of zoledronic acid was not necessary.
Ring‐Opening Copolymerization of Styrene Oxide and Cyclic Anhydrides by using Highly Effective Zinc Amido–Oxazolinate Catalysts
Authors: Abbina Srinivas , Chidara Vamshi K. , Du Guodong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPolyesters have been widely applied owing to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. Recently, catalytic ring‐opening copolymerization of cyclic anhydrides and epoxides has emerged as an effective approach for the synthesis of polyesters. Herein, we report a series of amido–oxazolinate zinc complexes as highly active catalysts for the ring‐opening copolymerization of styrene oxide and cyclic anhydrides. Turnover frequencies up to 4000 h−1 were achieved in the reaction of styrene oxide and maleic anhydride. Analysis of the end groups provides a useful probe for the preference at the electron‐poor methine site of styrene oxide for the ring‐opening process.
Quantitative Ligand Affinity Scales for Metal Triflate Salts: Application to Isomer Differentiation
Authors: Iacobucci Claudio , Jouini Nédra , Massi Lionel , Olivero Sandra , De Angelis Francesco , Duñach Elisabet , Gal Jean‐François 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOwing to the importance of metal triflates in catalysis, the affinity of the cationic center for a selection of organic ligands was explored for InIII and ZnII triflates. The organic Lewis bases include a variety of carbonyls (amides, unsaturated ketones, a lactone) and cyclic 1,2‐diols. The relative affinity of the ligands for the cationic center in triflates was quantitatively determined on the basis of relative ion concentrations determined by electrospray‐ionization mass spectrometry. The affinity scales were discussed with reference to gas‐phase proton basicity and Lewis basicity scales. Structural isomers and stereoisomers display significant affinity differences in several cases. In the case of isomer mixtures, a model describing the relative peak intensities in the mass spectra was developed. On this basis, an isomer titration method was set up. Remarkably, this MS‐based method overcame the blindness of mass spectrometry to isomers without the need for isotope labeling or MS/MS experiments. This model may prove to have applications in analytical chemistry and catalysis.
Chip/Ldb1 interacts with Tailup/islet1 to regulate cardiac gene expression in Drosophila
Authors: Werner Kathrin , Donow Cornelia , Pandur Petra 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe LIM‐homeodomain transcription factor Tailup (Tup) is a component of the complex cardiac transcriptional network governing specification and differentiation of cardiac cells in Drosophila. LIM‐domain containing factors are known to interact with the adaptor molecule Chip/Ldb1 to form higher order protein complexes to regulate gene expression thereby determining a cell's developmental fate. However, with respect to Drosophila heart development, it has not been investigated yet, whether Chip and tup interact to regulate the generation of different cardiac cell types. Here we show that Chip is required for normal heart development and that it interacts with tup in this context. Particularly the number of Odd skipped‐expressing pericardial cells depends on balanced amounts of Chip and Tup. Data from luciferase assays using Hand‐ and even‐skipped reporter constructs in Drosophila S2 cells indicate that Chip and Tup act as a tetrameric complex on the regulatory regions of Hand and even‐skipped (eve). Finally we have identified and verified five Tup binding sites in the eve mesodermal enhancer, which adds Tup as novel factor to directly regulate eve expression. Taken together this study provides novel findings regarding cardiac gene expression regulation in Drosophila.
RAD sequencing reveals genomewide divergence between independent invasions of the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) in the Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Jeffery Nicholas W. , DiBacco Claudio , Van Wyngaarden Mallory , Hamilton Lorraine C. , Stanley Ryan R. E. , Bernier Renée , FitzGerald Jennifer , Matheson K. , McKenzie C. H. , Nadukkalam Ravindran Praveen , Beiko Robert , Bradbury Ian R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGenomic studies of invasive species can reveal both invasive pathways and functional differences underpinning patterns of colonization success. The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) was initially introduced to eastern North America nearly 200 years ago where it expanded northwards to eastern Nova Scotia. A subsequent invasion to Nova Scotia from a northern European source allowed further range expansion, providing a unique opportunity to study the invasion genomics of a species with multiple invasions. Here, we use restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing‐derived SNPs to explore fine‐scale genomewide differentiation between these two invasions. We identified 9137 loci from green crab sampled from 11 locations along eastern North America and compared spatial variation to mitochondrial COI sequence variation used previously to characterize these invasions. Overall spatial divergence among invasions was high (pairwise FST ~0.001 to 0.15) and spread across many loci, with a mean FST ~0.052 and 52% of loci examined characterized by FST values >0.05. The majority of the most divergent loci (i.e., outliers, ~1.2%) displayed latitudinal clines in allele frequency highlighting extensive genomic divergence among the invasions. Discriminant analysis of principal components (both neutral and outlier loci) clearly resolved the two invasions spatially and was highly correlated with mitochondrial divergence. Our results reveal extensive cryptic intraspecific genomic diversity associated with differing patterns of colonization success and demonstrates clear utility for genomic approaches to delineating the distribution and colonization success of aquatic invasive species.
Global pattern of plant utilization across different organisms: Does plant apparency or plant phylogeny matter?
Authors: Dai Xiaohua , Zhang Wei , Xu Jiasheng , Duffy Kevin J. , Guo Qingyun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe present study is the first to consider human and nonhuman consumers together to reveal several general patterns of plant utilization. We provide evidence that at a global scale, plant apparency and phylogenetic isolation can be important predictors of plant utilization and consumer diversity. Using the number of species or genera or the distribution area of each plant family as the island “area” and the minimum phylogenetic distance to common plant families as the island “distance”, we fitted presence–area relationships and presence–distance relationships with a binomial GLM (generalized linear model) with a logit link. The presence–absence of consumers among each plant family strongly depended on plant apparency (family size and distribution area); the diversity of consumers increased with plant apparency but decreased with phylogenetic isolation. When consumers extended their host breadth, unapparent plants became more likely to be used. Common uses occurred more often on common plants and their relatives, showing higher host phylogenetic clustering than uncommon uses. On the contrary, highly specialized uses might be related to the rarity of plant chemicals and were therefore very species‐specific. In summary, our results provide a global illustration of plant–consumer combinations and reveal several general patterns of plant utilization across humans, insects and microbes. First, plant apparency and plant phylogenetic isolation generally govern plant utilization value, with uncommon and isolated plants suffering fewer parasites. Second, extension of the breadth of utilized hosts helps explain the presence of consumers on unapparent plants. Finally, the phylogenetic clustering structure of host plants is different between common uses and uncommon uses. The strength of such consistent plant utilization patterns across a diverse set of usage types suggests that the persistence and accumulation of consumer diversity and use value for plant species are determined by similar ecological and evolutionary processes.
Global pattern and controls of soil microbial metabolic quotient
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng , Schimel Joshua P. , Janssens Ivan A. , Song Xia , Song Changchun , Yu Guirui , Sinsabaugh Robert L. , Tang Diandong , Zhang Xiaochun , Thornton Peter. E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe microbial metabolic quotient (MMQ), microbial respiration per unit of biomass, is a fundamental factor controlling heterotrophic respiration, the largest carbon flux in soils. The magnitude and controls of MMQ at regional scale remain uncertain. We compiled a comprehensive data set of MMQ to investigate the global patterns and controls of MMQ in top 30 cm soils. Published MMQ values, generally measured in laboratory microcosms, were adjusted on ambient soil temperature using long‐term (30 yr) average site soil temperature and a Q10 = 2. The area‐weighted global average of MMQ_Soil is estimated as 1.8 (1.5–2.2) (95% confidence interval) μmol C·h−1·mmol−1 microbial biomass carbon (MBC) with substantial variations across biomes and between cropland and natural ecosystems. Variation was most closely associated with biological factors, followed by edaphic and meteorological parameters. MMQ_Soil was greatest in sandy clay and sandy clay loam and showed a pH maximum of 6.7 ± 0.1 (mean ± se). At large scale, MMQ_Soil varied with latitude and mean annual temperature (MAT), and was negatively correlated with microbial N:P ratio, supporting growth rate theory. These trends led to large differences in MMQ_Soil between natural ecosystems and cropland. When MMQ was adjusted to 11°C (MMQ_Ref), the global MAT in the top 30 cm of soils, the area‐weighted global averages of MMQ_Ref was 1.5 (1.3–1.8) μmol C·mmol MBC−1·h−1. The values, trends, and controls of MMQ_Soil add to our understanding of soil microbial influences on soil carbon cycling and could be used to represent microbial activity in global carbon models.
Improvement for a Community Population: The Magnolia Community Initiative
Authors: Inkelas Moira , Bowie Patricia , Guirguis Lila 
Published: March 2017

AbstractImprovement science is a promising approach to changing practice in complex community systems, which are characterized by many independent organizations with separate missions, services, and outcomes. This example shows how a network of diverse organizations is using iterative learning to come up with promising ideas, test and prototype these ideas, and spread and sustain what is found to work. The Magnolia Community Initiative (MCI) is an approach for improving population well‐being at a community scale, as a voluntary network of 70+ government, nonprofit, and for‐profit organizations supporting a population of over 100,000 people. Diverse organizations from multiple service sectors strive to work as a system by aligning and improving resources to change conditions and outcomes for local families that they could not achieve by working alone. MCI adopted an approach that combined knowledge of what to change to improve child and family well‐being, based on theory and on the expertise of organizations that comprise the network, with knowledge of how to change within a complex system, using improvement science.
Structural and functional brain network correlates of depressive symptoms in premanifest Huntington's disease
Authors: McColgan Peter , Razi Adeel , Gregory Sarah , Seunarine Kiran K. , Durr Alexandra , A.C. Roos Raymund , Leavitt Blair R. , Scahill Rachael I. , Clark Chris A. , Langbehn Doug R. , Rees Geraint , Tabrizi Sarah J. ,   Track On‐HD Investigators
Published: March 2017

AbstractDepression is common in premanifest Huntington's disease (preHD) and results in significant morbidity. We sought to examine how variations in structural and functional brain networks relate to depressive symptoms in premanifest HD and healthy controls. Brain networks were constructed using diffusion tractography (70 preHD and 81 controls) and resting state fMRI (92 preHD and 94 controls) data. A sub‐network associated with depression was identified in a data‐driven fashion and network‐based statistics was used to investigate which specific connections correlated with depression scores. A replication analysis was then performed using data from a separate study. Correlations between depressive symptoms with increased functional connectivity and decreased structural connectivity were seen for connections in the default mode network (DMN) and basal ganglia in preHD. This study reveals specific connections in the DMN and basal ganglia that are associated with depressive symptoms in preHD. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2819–2829, 2017. © 2017 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Your algorithm might think the hippocampus grows in Alzheimer's disease: Caveats of longitudinal automated hippocampal volumetry
Authors: Sankar Tejas , Park Min Tae M. , Jawa Tasha , Patel Raihaan , Bhagwat Nikhil , Voineskos Aristotle N. , Lozano Andres M. , Chakravarty M. Mallar ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: March 2017

AbstractHippocampal atrophy rate—measured using automated techniques applied to structural MRI scans—is considered a sensitive marker of disease progression in Alzheimer's disease, frequently used as an outcome measure in clinical trials. Using publicly accessible data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), we examined 1‐year hippocampal atrophy rates generated by each of five automated or semiautomated hippocampal segmentation algorithms in patients with Alzheimer's disease, subjects with mild cognitive impairment, or elderly controls. We analyzed MRI data from 398 and 62 subjects available at baseline and at 1 year at MRI field strengths of 1.5 T and 3 T, respectively. We observed a high rate of hippocampal segmentation failures across all algorithms and diagnostic categories, with only 50.8% of subjects at 1.5 T and 58.1% of subjects at 3 T passing stringent segmentation quality control. We also found that all algorithms identified several subjects (between 2.94% and 48.68%) across all diagnostic categories showing increases in hippocampal volume over 1 year. For any given algorithm, hippocampal “growth” could not entirely be explained by excluding patients with flawed hippocampal segmentations, scan–rescan variability, or MRI field strength. Furthermore, different algorithms did not uniformly identify the same subjects as hippocampal “growers,” and showed very poor concordance in estimates of magnitude of hippocampal volume change over time (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.319 at 1.5 T and 0.149 at 3 T). This precluded a meaningful analysis of whether hippocampal “growth” represents a true biological phenomenon. Taken together, our findings suggest that longitudinal hippocampal volume change should be interpreted with considerable caution as a biomarker. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2875–2896, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.