bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EKSTRAKSI MINYAK ATSIRI DARI KULIT JERUK SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAHAN PADA PEMBUATAN SABUN
Authors: Yustinah Yustinah 
Published: August 2017

Jeruk adalah salah satu buah-buahan tropis yang banyak dihasilkan di Indonesia. Industri minuman banyak menggunakan buah jeruk sebagai bahan baku, sehingga mengakibatkan limbah yang dihasilkan jumlahnya cukup banyak, salah satunya limbah kulit jeruk. Tujuan penelitian adalah memanfaatan limbah kulit jeruk yang tidak dikonsumsi, sehingga akan meningkatkan nilai ekonomi limbah tersebut. Tahap penelitian mula-mula, kulit jeruk dipotong-potong kecil-kecil, kemudian timbang kulit jeruk sebanyak 300 gram lalu dilarutkan dalam etanol. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan pengadukan konstan 500 rpm selama 3 jam dengan variabel jumlah pelarut sebanyak 300 ml, 350 ml, 400 ml, 450 ml dan 500 ml. Hasil ekstraksi kemudian disaring dengan melewatkannya pada Na2SO4 anhidrat dan filtratnya diambil. Selanjutnya,filtrat dipanaskan menggunakan vacum evaporator pada suhu 60°C sampai semua etanol menguap. Setelah diperoleh minyak atsiri, maka dilanjutkan proses pembuatan sabun dengan minyak atsiri yang didapat sebagai zat tambahan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan minyak atsiri yang optimum terdapat pada jumlah pelarut 500 ml sebanyak 2,3432 gram dan terendah pada jumlah pelarut 300 ml sebanyak 1,4145 gram. Dari analisa GC-MS didapatkan senyawa limonen yang terdapat dalam minyak atsiri pada waktu 7,01 menit dengan persen area sebesar 96,79%. Hasil pengujian hedonik terhadap tekstur dan aroma sabun yang sudah ditambah minyak atsiri dapat diterima oleh para panelis. Kata kunci: etanol, kulit jeruk, minyak atsiri, sabun
PERBANDINGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI MASERASI DAN REFLUKS TERHADAP KADAR FENOLIK DARI EKSTRAK TONGKOL JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Susanty Susanty , Bachmid Fairus 
Published: August 2017

Jagung merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman pangan yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di dunia. Produksinya yang terus meningkat setiap tahun menghasilkan limbah tongkol jagung yang melimpah paska panen. Salah satu upaya pemanfaatan limbah tongkol jagung ini dengan mengekstrak kandungan fenolik yang terdapat di dalamnya. Fenolik merupakan golongan flavonoid yang memiliki sifat antioksidan dan aktivitas antiradikal yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan metode ekstraksi maserasi dan refluks terhadap kadar fenolik yang dihasilkan dari ekstrak etanol 75 % dari tongkol jagung (Zea mays L.). Ekstrak dipekatkan menggunakan alat rotary evaporator pada temperatur 50oC dan putaran 120 rpm untuk mendapatkan ekstrak senyawa fenolik yang kental, kemudian di oven pada suhu 50oC selama 2 hari. Selanjutnya penentuan kadar fenolik total dari hasil ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu yang menyerap cahaya pada panjang gelombang 765 nm dengan menggunakan larutan standar asam galat (GAE) untuk mengkalibrasi respon spektrofotometer pada konsentrasi 300, 400, 500, 600, dan 700 mg/L. Persamaan regresi linear y = 0,0008 x + 0,0086 dengan nilai R2 = 0,9987 yang diperoleh dari kurva kalibrasi digunakan untuk membantu menentukan kadar fenol dalam sampel. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kadar fenolik dari ekstraksi maserasi sebesar 0,312 mg/g atau 312,420 mg/kg, sedangkan kadar Fenolik dalam ekstrak etanol 75 % pada tongkol jagung dengan metode ekstraksi refluks sebesar 0,397 mg/g atau 396,768 mg/kg. Kadar fenolik yang lebih besar diperoleh dari metode refluks. Kata kunci: antioksidan, fenolik, maserasi, refluks, tongkol jagung
NEGASI DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Syafar Dian Noviani 
Published: August 2017

This study is entitled Negation in Indonesia and English. Traditionally, people differentiate positive and negative sentences by identifying "not" in Bahasa and "tidak" as negation markers in English. These negation markers can be presented with words, phrases and clauses that form negation sentences in Bahasa Indonesia and English. This paper tries to describe and compare the other negation markers in these both languages. The data are written and unwritten from that taken from daily conversation.
VARIASI LEKSIKAL BAHASA MINANGKABAU DI KABUPATEN PESISIR SELATAN
Authors: Nesti Meksi Rahma 
Published: August 2017

Secara umum, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menambah hasil penelitian dalam bidang dialektologi dan menginventarisasikan bahasa Minangkabau. Secara khusus, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Mendeskripsikan variasi leksikal yang terdapat dalam bahasa Minangkabau di daerah perbatasan Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. 2) Memetakan variasi leksikal yang terdapat dalam bahasa Minangkabau di daerah perbatasan Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. 3) Menghitung persentase variasi leksikal yang terdapat dalam bahasa Minangkabau di perbatasan Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan, disimpulkan bahwa terdapat 271 peta variasi leksikal dalam bahasa Minangkabau di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, dari 530 daftar pertanyaan yang diajukan. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan peta segitiga antartitik pengamatan didapat delapan hubungan antartitik pengamatan. Dari hasil penghitungan dialektometri, disimpulkan bahwa terdapat 3 bagian wilayah yang termasuk kategori beda subdialek, yaitu TP 1 (Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan) dan TP 3 (Kecamatan Lengayang) tergolong tidak ada perbedaan, tetapi termasuk kategori beda subdialek dengan TP 2, TP 4, dan TP 5. Untuk TP 2 (Kecamatan IV Nagari Bayang Utara) termasuk kategori beda subdialek dengan TP 1, TP 3, TP 4, dan TP 5. Selanjutnya, TP 4 (Kecamatan Basa IV Balai Tapan) dan TP 5 (Kecamatan Silaut) termasuk kategori beda wicara, tetapi termasuk kategori beda subdialek dengan TP 1, TP 2, dan TP3. Tingkat variasi kebahasaan antartitik pengamatan yang terdapat dalam bahasa Minangkabau di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan termasuk kategori beda subdialek, beda wicara, dan tidak ada perbedaan.
Harapan dan Kepentingan Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Udara Terhadap Pelayanan di Bandar Udara H.AS Hanandjoeddin–Tanjung Pandan Belitung
Authors: Mardoko Arman 
Published: August 2017

Bandar Udara H.AS. Hanandjoeddin – Tanjung Pandan sebagai pintu gerbang kedatangan wisatawan di Kepulauan Belitung diharapkan mampu untuk memberikan pelayanan yang terbaik kepada pengguna jasa angkutan udara. Tujuan pengkajian adalah menganalisis harapan dan kepentinganyang dirasakan oleh pengguna jasa angkutan udara (penumpang) terhadap pelayanan yang telah diberikan oleh pihak penyelenggara Bandar Udara H.AS Hanandjoeddin – Tanjung Pandan Belitung. Analisis yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Responden adalah pengguna jasa angkutan udara (penumpang). Hasil dari analisis yang menjadi prioritas utama perbaikan adalah pelayanan kebersihan fasilitas umumseperti toilet, kios, mushola dan lain-lain, penataan terminal penumpang khususnya untuk antrian dan sirkulasi bagi penyandang cacat, fasilitas dan peralatan yang membantu penumpang dalam membawa barang bawaannya, tersedianya layanan sarana transportasi umum, dan kemampuan petugas untuk cepat tanggap menyelesaikan keluhan/masalah. Kendala dan permasalahan yang terjadi adalah terbatasnya dana pemeliharaan yang tersedia, terbatasnya SDM untuk pemeliharaan sarana dan prasarana.[Air Transport Passenger Expectations and Interest of Airport Services in H.A.S Hanandjoeddin Airport – Tanjung Pandan] H. AS. Hanandjoeddin Airport of TanjungPandan, as the tourism gateway in Belitung Islands, is expected to provide its best service performance to the air transport user.The purpose of this study is to analyze the expectation and the importance of service that is provided by H. AS. Hanandjoeddin Airport that perceived by the user. Furthermore, quantitative and qualitative analysis was applied and air transport passengers are subjected as the respondent. The results indicate certain attributes that should be the main priority in improving the airport service, namely public facilities; toilet, kiosk, praying room, etc., queue arrangement for handicap, supporting facilities for carrying luggage, public transport for accessing the airport, and officer competence in solving the problems related to the passenger service. However, the limitation of maintenance budget and human resource has become the hindrance for service improvemnt.
Studies On The Materiality And Aggregation, Compensation And Offsetting In Financial Statements
Authors: GADAU Liana 
Published: August 2017

The accounting principles should be considered an essential element in the preparation and presentation of financial statements, with our analysis focusing especially on the relative principles: Materiality and aggregation, compensation and offsetting. We consider necessary to improve the analyzed concepts by bringing additional information, as clear and comprehensive as possible, information used as reference in the preparation of financial statements. Moreover, is crucial to apply an unitary thinking of the accounting referential which is linked to these accounting principles.The research methods used in analyzing the principles are: documentation of theoretical study of normative acts in the field of accounting, observation, comparative analysis, synthesis, information classification and data interpretation.
FOREWORD
Authors: Gurgu Elena 
Published: August 2017

After a year in which Romania achieved the fastest growing economy in the European Union, 2017 comes with a unique set of challenges.In 2016, the economy was the main driver of consumption and economic analysts expect it to slow down, while prices will increase. The government estimated an increase of 5% for the Romanian economy in 2017, but the World Bank warns that this could be too optimistic and expects an advance of only 3.4% of the economy. However, growth remains above the EU average, which is why 2017 could be a year at least as good as 2016. ...
Foreword
Authors: Gurgu Elena 
Published: August 2017

In the middle of 2017, global activity is firming broadly as expected. Manufacturing and trade are picking up, confidence is improving and international financing conditions remain benign. Global growth is projected to strengthen to 2.7 percent in 2017 and 2.9 percent in 2018-19, in line with OECD January forecasts. In emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs), growth is predicted to recover to 4.1 percent in 2017 and reach an average of 4.6 percent in 2018-19, as obstacles to growth in commodity exporters diminish, while activity in commodity importers continues to be robust. Risks to the global outlook remain tilted to the downside. These include increased trade protectionism, elevated economic policy uncertainty, the possibility of financial market disruptions, and, over the longer term, weaker potential growth. .....
Outcome of the Treatment of Distal Tibia Fractures by Minimal Invasive Locked Plate – A Short Term Study
Authors: Jha Ranjib Kumar , Gupta Yogendra , Karn Navin 
Published: August 2017

Background :Treatment of fracture distal tibia is challenging. Classic open reduction and internal plate fixation requires extensive soft tissue dissection and causes periosteal injury. The locking screw-plate interface allows fracture fixation without plate–bone adherence, thus preserving the fracture hematoma, and reduces the risk of nonunion by maintaining microvascular circulation within the cortex and its investing tissues.Material & Methods: This study included 33 patients of age between 18 to 62 years with extra-articular and simple intra-articular fracture of distal tibia. All fractures were fixed by minimally invasive technique with pre-countered distal tibia locking plate under image intensifier control. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale was used for functional assessment.Results: Out of 33 there were twelve 43-A1, five A2, five A3, five B1, three B2, two C, one C2 fractures. There were 29 closed fracture and four open fracture (three type I and one type II). The overall mean time of union was 16.3 weeks. The mean AOFAS score was 93 points. In all 30 cases there were no wound problems, whereas three cases had superficial wound infection. No any cases needed secondary procedure for healing of bone.Conclusion: The short-term results shows that minimally invasive locked plating is good solution for the challenging distal tibia fracture. This technique minimizes soft tissue complication and provides good union and functional outcome.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), page: 12-19
Knowledge of Primary School Teacher Regarding Learning Disabilities in School Children
Authors: Ghimire Sasmita 
Published: August 2017

Background: Learning disability refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders manifested by difficulty in reading, writing, spelling and reasoning ability. It usually show up when a child has difficulty reading, speaking, writing, figuring out a math problem, communicating with parents or paying attention in class. Children with learning disability can succeed in school and can have successful career in life if right support and intervention is provided to them.Material & Methods: Quantitative approach with Descriptive crosssectional design was used to assess the knowledge of primary school teachers. A structured knowledge questionnaire was developed focusing on learning disabilities. The study was carried out in 16 schools of Dharan, Nepal. About 150 primary school teachers were selected by convenience sampling technique. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect needed data on knowledge of primary school teachers. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Majority, 79 (52.67%) of the primary school teachers had moderately adequate knowledge and 71 (47.33%) had inadequate knowledge regarding learning disabilities. There was a significant association of knowledge of primary school teachers with demographic variables such as class involved in teaching.Conclusion: The school teachers have inadequate knowledge regarding learning disabilities. The teachers play an important role in identifying learning disabilities in school children at initial state. The children with learning difficulties should be helped at early stage and proper training and guidance should be provided to them.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), Page:
Comparative Study of Angle of Inclination and Neck Length of Dry Femur
Authors: Adhikari Rakesh Kumar , Yadav Binita , Yadav Subodh Kumar , Singh Arun Chandra 
Published: August 2017

Background : The angle of inclination of the femur is the angle formed between long axis of neck of femur and long axis of the shaft of femur. The average angle of inclination (neck–shaft angle) is 126°, ranging from 115° to 140° in the adult population. As with the angle of inclination of the humerus, the angle of inclination of the femur varies among individuals and also from side to side. The aim of this study was to determine the Angle of inclination and neck length of Femur.Material & Methods: A total of 50 dry femora (25right and 25 left) of nobel medical college was cross sectionally studied with random sampling without knowing the sex & age of bone. The angle formed between long axis of neck and long axis of the shaft of femur was measured with the help of goniometer. The neck length was measured with the help of sliding calliper.Results: The mean angle of inclination was 128.98±4.55 degrees, on the right side was129.84±5.22 degrees and on the left side was 128.12±3.66degrees. The difference in the mean angle of inclination of right and the left side was found to be statistically insignificant (p value> 0.05). The mean neck length femur was 2.93 ±0.24cm, right femur was 3.06±0.19cm and left femur was 2.80±0.21cm. The difference in the mean neck neck length of the right and the left side was found to be statistically insignificant (p value> 0.05).Conclusion: The Angle of Inclination of Femur and neck length of femur in present study had no remarkable dissimilarity with the results observed in the studies conducted in Nepal and neighbouring countries. In the study there was no statistical significant difference between the neck-shaft angle and neck length of femur of right and left side of the femur but there was positive correlation between angle of inclination and neck length of femur.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), Page: 44-47
Epidemiology of Orthopaedic Admissions at A Teaching Hospital of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Mishra Bibhuti Nath , Jha Anuja , Gupta Yogendra 
Published: August 2017

Background: There are many other reasons besides fracture for which a patient could potentially be admitted to orthopaedic inpatient care. The goal of this retrospective review was to analyze the spectrum of orthopaedic admissions to a tertiary level teaching hospital of Nepal.Material & Methods: This retrospective descriptive epidemiological study was based on patients admitted for orthopaedic inpatient care at a tertiary level health care center of eastern Nepal. Registry data of 1 year was used to analyze the spectrum of orthopaedic admissions.Results: Male admission outnumbered females with a ratio of 1.82:1. Trauma accounted to majority of Orthopaedic admissions (67.9%) and Infection lied second in order (12.4%). Upper and Lower limb fractures (with right sided dominance) contributed to highest numbers of trauma respectively. Incidence of closed to open fracture was 5.45:1. More than half of trauma and fractures involved the 10 – 39 years age group with predominance in 10-19 years. Fracture incidence was higher among men than women until 59 years of age after which the gender ratio reversed.Conclusions: Leading cause for orthopaedic admission was Trauma accounting more than 2/3 of the total. Biasness in gender admission reflects true picture of male dominated society. Upper limb injury, right side and closed fractures were dominating. Sexual dimorphism was apparent in fractures which may be due to higher rates of Osteoporotic fractures in elderly females.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), Page: 56-62
Hysterosalpingographic Evaluation of Uterus and Fallopian Tubes of Infertile Women
Authors: Bhattarai Manoj , Pokhrel Ghimire Sita 
Published: August 2017

Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a routinely performed radiological investigation for evaluation of uterine cavity morphology and fallopian tube patency in infertile women. This study was undertaken to describe patterns of HSG findings and to assess any significant difference in uterine and fallopian tube findings in women with primary and secondary infertility in eastern part of Nepal.Material and Methods: Hospital based cross sectional descriptive study was conducted by retrospectively analyzing HSG records of 216 infertile women (both primary and secondary infertility) done from April 2014 to August 2016. Radiological findings in uterus and fallopian tubes were recorded and analyzed. Association between two categorical variables was examined by Chi-square test.Results: Majority of infertile women (53.2%) had primary infertility. Abnormal HSG was seen in 44.9% infertile women and higher in secondary infertility (57.4%) than with primary infertility (33.9%) (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.51 – 4.57, P value = 0.001). Tubal abnormality was common than uterine abnormality (36.1% versus 8.8%, P value= 0.001). Tubal abnormalities were higher in women with secondary infertility than with primary infertility (52.5% versus 21.7%), whereas uterine abnormalities were common with primary infertility compared to secondary infertility (12.2% versus 5.0%) (P value= 0.001).Conclusion: Abnormal HSG was more associated with secondary infertility. Infertility was significantly associated with tubal abnormality than with uterine abnormality. Tubal abnormalities are common in women with secondary infertility whereas uterine abnormalities are common in women with primary infertility and are statistically significant.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), Page: 63-71
In Situ Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and ESWL after Push Back For Upper Ureteric Calculi: A Comparative Study
Authors: Regmi Sunil , Adhikari Sunil Chandra , Singh Rabin Raj , Bastakoti Rabi , Yadav Saroj 
Published: August 2017

Background: ESWL is one of the most important modality for the treatment of urolithiasis. In situ ESWL is a non-invasive and safe procedure for renal and upper ureteric stones in selected cases & can be performed on outpatient basis. However, some urologists claim a higher success rate of ESWL after push back procedures for upper ureteric calculi.Materials & Methods: This prospective study was done to compare the results of treatment of upper ureteral calculi by in situ ESWL and ESWL after push back. 90 consenting patients with single upper ureteric stones of ≤ 1 cm in size with no distal obstruction were selected and divided into two groups. 50 patients in group 1 were treated by in situ ESWL while 40 patients in group 2 were treated by push back followed by ESWL.Results: Better clearance was achieved with ESWL after push back (92.5% clearance after 90 days) than with in situ ESWL (90% clearance after 90 days) but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The mean shock wave was 1994 ± 449 for in situ ESWL group and 1757.5 ± 255 for ESWL after push back group, which was statistically very significant (p<0.01). The mean energy used was 5.07 ± 0.81 in the in situ ESWL group and 4.6 ± 0.48 in ESWL after push back group and this difference was also statistically significant (p<0.01). Post procedure complications like loin pain, hematuria, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and fever were more common in ESWL after push back group than in the in situ ESWL group and the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion: In situ ESWL is a better option than ESWL after push back for the management of upper ureteric stones in selected group of patients. Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), page: 72-76
Comparison of Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Hypodontia Patients and Patients with Acquired Missing Teeth
Authors: Chhetri Shanti , Ullah Khan Muhammad Waseem , Yazdanie Nazia 
Published: August 2017

Background: Hypodontia is the developmental absence of one or more teeth from the dentition whereas acquired missing teeth are those lost due to carries, periodontal problem or dental trauma. Patients with congenitally missing teeth suffer aesthetic, functional and psychological morbidity to various degree through childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Greater understanding of the impact of hypodontia on patient’s quality of life is very important. Oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) is considered as an outcome measure to evaluate the consequences of edentulism and the available treatment options.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative survey was carried out in the department of Prosthodontics, de’Montmorency College of Dentistry/Punjab Dental Hospital Lahore from 02/03/2010 to 01/09/2010. Total 80 partially dentate patients were studied which included 40 hypodontia patients and 40 patients with acquired missing teeth. All patients were given OHIP-14 questionnaire and responses were recorded on 5-point Likert scale. The mean scores of the two groups were calculated and compared using chi square test.Results: The total OHIP scores in hypodontia patients was more compared to that in patients with acquired missing teeth and difference was significant in the patient group with 4-5 missing teeth.Conclusion: As the missing teeth number increased, it was found that the OHRQoL in hypodontia patients was more impaired compared to the OHRQoL in patients with acquired missing teeth. Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), Page: 77-82