bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory bulb stimulation mitigates Alzheimer's‐like disease progression
Authors: Salimi Morteza , Nazari Milad , Shahsavar Payam , Dehghan Samaneh , Javan Mohammad , Mirnajafi‐Zadeh Javad , Raoufy Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) has demonstrated potential in mitigating Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the invasive nature of DBS presents challenges for its application. The olfactory bulb (OB), showing early AD‐related changes and extensive connections with memory regions, offers an attractive entry point for intervention, potentially restoring normal activity in deteriorating memory circuits.AimsOur study examined the impact of electrically stimulating the OB on working memory as well as pathological and electrophysiological alterations in the OB, medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex in amyloid beta (Aβ) AD model rats.MethodsMale Wistar rats underwent surgery for electrode implantation in brain regions, inducing Alzheimer's‐like disease. Bilateral olfactory bulb (OB) electrical stimulation was performed for 1 hour daily to the OB of stimulation group animals for 18 consecutive days, followed by the evaluations of histological, behavioral, and local field potential signal processing.ResultsOB stimulation counteracted Aβ plaque accumulation and prevented AD‐induced working memory impairments. Furthermore, it prompted an increase in power across diverse frequency bands and enhanced functional connectivity, particularly in the gamma band, within the investigated regions during a working memory task.ConclusionThis preclinical investigation highlights the potential of olfactory pathway‐based brain stimulation to modulate the activity of deep‐seated memory networks for AD treatment. Importantly, the accessibility of this pathway via the nasal cavity lays the groundwork for the development of minimally invasive approaches targeting the olfactory pathway for brain modulation.
Hierarchical deep compartment modeling: A workflow to leverage machine learning and Bayesian inference for hierarchical pharmacometric modeling
Authors: Elmokadem Ahmed , Wiens Matthew , Knab Timothy , Utsey Kiersten , Callisto Samuel P. , Kirouac Daniel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPopulation pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling serves as the cornerstone for understanding drug behavior within a specific population. It integrates subject covariates to elucidate the variability in PK parameters, thus enhancing predictive accuracy. However, covariate modeling within this framework can be intricate and time‐consuming due to the often obscure structural relationship between covariates and PK parameters. Previous attempts, such as deep compartment modeling (DCM), aimed to streamline this process using machine learning techniques. Nonetheless, DCM fell short in assessing residual errors and interindividual variability (IIV), potentially leading to model misspecification and overfitting. Furthermore, DCM lacked the ability to quantify model uncertainty. To address these limitations, we introduce hierarchical deep compartment modeling (HDCM) as an advancement of DCM. HDCM harnesses machine learning to discern the interplay between covariates and PK parameters while simultaneously evaluating diverse levels of random effects and quantifying uncertainty through Bayesian inference. This tutorial provides a comprehensive application of the HDCM workflow using open‐source Julia tools.
A “one‐step” approach to heart rate correction and statistical analysis applied to conscious dog QTc studies
Authors: Best Derek D. , Abernathy Matthew M. , Leishman Derek J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA “one‐step” method which combined the heart rate correction and statistical analysis for conscious nonhuman primate (NHP) QTc assessment was recently published. The principles of this method are applicable to other species. In the current analysis, we demonstrate the utility of the technique in conscious dog QTc studies. Two studies in male dogs (n = 8 and n = 7) implanted with telemetry devices were used. In both studies, treatments were randomized and all animals received all treatments. In the primary study, the effect on QTc of moxifloxacin was compared with vehicle. Each treatment (vehicle and moxifloxacin) was given on two separate occasions. In the second study, dogs were given vehicle or dofetilide. Conventional QTc analysis was compared with the “one‐step” method. The effect on QTc relative to vehicle was determined along with the median minimal detectable difference. As expected, both moxifloxacin and dofetilide gave QTc increases with a maximum of ~ 20 ms. There was a significant increase in the sensitivity to detect a QTc effect when using the “one‐step” method. The minimal detectable difference was 1.6 ms for the “one‐step” method compared with 6.2 ms for the conventional method. These analyses are consistent with the increased sensitivity described for the “one‐step” method applied to studies in NHP. The increased sensitivity should enhance the ability to support an integrated assessment of the QTc prolongation liability for new drugs.
Routine outcome monitoring and feedback in alcohol and other drug treatment: A qualitative study of client perspectives on implementation
Authors: Pocuca Nina , Tisdale Calvert , Campbell Gabrielle , Beck Alison K. , Ellem Rhiannon , Quinn Catherine A. , Kelly Peter J. , Larance Briony , Baker Amanda L. , Connor Jason P. , Marsden John , Chan Gary C. K. , Connelly Luke , Lenzen Sabrina , Farrell Michael , Hides Leanne 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionRoutine outcome monitoring (ROM) and feedback is an evidence‐supported strategy for evaluating alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment outcomes. However, the implementation of ROM and feedback into AOD services remains a significant challenge. Research aimed at understanding client perspectives on ROM and feedback is needed to facilitate successful implementation. This study examined experiences with and perceptions of ROM and feedback in a sample of clients receiving AOD treatment.MethodsInterviews and online surveys were conducted with N = 26 people (13 male; Mage = 36.12 years, SD = 10.29) enrolled in an AOD treatment program in Australia. Data analysis of the transcripts was guided by thematic analysis, while descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative survey data.ResultsFour major themes were identified in the qualitative data: (i) ROM and feedback is valuable to AOD treatment; (ii) clear and concise outcome measures with an integrated feedback loop are vital to reliable ROM; (iii) desire for visual and verbal feedback that highlights progress; and (iv) ROM and feedback can be emotionally challenging.Discussion and ConclusionsParticipants valued ROM when it was clearly integrated within AOD treatment and they received feedback on their responses. Potential facilitators to implementing and improving the provision of ROM and feedback in AOD treatment include: (i) a clear, treatment‐based rationale to foster client buy‐in for ROM and maximise AOD treatment benefit; (ii) brief outcome measure surveys; and (iii) graphical visualisations of ROM feedback.
Cerebral palsy characteristics in term‐born children with and without detectable perinatal risk factors: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Suzuki Kai , Husein Nafisa , Oskoui Maryam , Fehlings Darcy , Shevell Michael , Kirton Adam , Dunbar Mary J. ,   and members of the Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo compare, in term‐born children with cerebral palsy (CP), the characteristics of those who exhibit detectable risk factors for CP at birth with those who do not.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional study of term‐born children using the Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry comparing those with and without perinatal risk factors and/or neonatal symptoms for pregnancy, birth and neonatal characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, CP subtype, and impairment severity. Risk factors were quantified with a CP risk calculator. Multivariable and multinomial regressions were expressed as odds ratios (OR) and relative risk ratios.ResultsOf 1333 term‐born children, 781 (58.6%) had complete variables for the CP risk calculator, of whom 195 (25%) had ‘undetectable’ newborn infant CP risk, and they did not have greater postneonatal brain injury. Focal injury on MRI was more common (OR 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–3.1) than in the ‘detectable’ group. The ‘undetectable’ group had more unilateral CP (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.6), less severe motor impairment (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67–0.86), and were more verbal (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5–3.6).InterpretationIn the Canadian CP Registry, one‐quarter of term‐born children lacked neonatal encephalopathy, seizures, or perinatal risk factors. They were more likely to have unilateral CP, focal MRI findings, and communicate with words than children with risk factors or neonatal symptoms.
Intra‐Atrial Right Coronary Artery: A Condition Revealed by Coronary CT Scan
Authors: Rovera Chiara , Bisanti Francesca , Moretti Claudio 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCoronary artery anomalies are rare and may involve the coronary origin, course, or termination. Most are benign; however, some can lead to myocardial damage, sudden death, or potential hazards during interventional or surgical procedures. The advancement of imaging studies has led to an increase in their diagnosis. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) especially has characterized new anomalies that were previously anecdotal. This is the case of the intra‐atrial course of the right coronary artery. The present is a brief review about this rare congenital anomaly.
From two segments and beyond: Investigating the onset of regeneration in Syllis malaquini
Authors: Spieß Vanessa , Ribeiro Rannyele P. , Helm Conrad , Aguado M. Teresa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnnelids feature a diverse range of regenerative abilities, but complete whole‐body regeneration is less common, particularly in the context of the head and anterior body regeneration. This study provides a detailed morphological description of Syllis malaquini regenerative abilities. By replicating previous experiments and performing diverse surgical procedures, we explored the capacity of this species for whole‐body regeneration. We detailed the precise timing of regeneration of particular structures such as the eyes, proventricle, pharyngeal tooth, nuchal organs, and body pigmentation after amputation. Our high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser‐scanning microscopy images provide details of the blastema region, revealing that while anal opening remains in connection to the exterior environment, oral opening is formed “de novo” during blastema differentiation. Additionally, we performed amputations to isolate fragments consisting of one, two, and three segments from the intestinal trunk region. We found that S. malaquini requires at least two to three segments to successfully regenerate the whole body. In addition, we verified a variable capacity to regenerate depending upon the gut region, with structures of the foregut greatly impairing some steps of the regenerative process. Our work notably addresses the gap in knowledge concerning gut formation and its impact on regenerative capabilities. Ongoing research is crucial to unravel the role of gut tissue specificity and plasticity during regeneration in annelids, and particularly in syllids.
Life, Death and Energy: What Does Nature Select?
Authors: Brown James H. , Hou Chen , Hall Charles A. S. , Burger Joseph R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTEvolutionary biology is poised for a third major synthesis. The first presented Darwin's evidence from natural history. The second incorporated genetic mechanisms. The third will be based on energy and biophysical processes. It should include the equal fitness paradigm (EFP), which quantifies how organisms convert biomass into surviving offspring. Natural selection tends to maximise energetic fitness, , where is mass‐specific rate of cohort biomass production, is generation time, is fraction of cohort production that is passed to surviving offspring, and is energy density of biomas. At steady state, parents replace themselves with offspring of equal mass‐specific energy content,  ≈ 22.4 kJ/g, and biomass,  ≈ 1 g/g. The EFP highlights: (i) the energetic basis of survival and reproduction; (ii) how natural selection acts directly on the parameters of ; (iii) why there is no inherent intrinsic fitness advantage for higher metabolic power, ontogenetic or population growth rate, fecundity, longevity, or resource use efficiency; and (iv) the role of energy in animals with a variety of life histories. Underlying the spectacular diversity of living things is pervasive similarity in how energy is acquired from the environment and used to leave descendants offspring in future generations.
Characteristics of overnight video‐EEG monitoring in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome at 2‐week follow‐up
Authors: Katyayan Akshat , Lee Steven T. , Martinez Luis , Takacs Danielle S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the optimal duration of electroencephalography (EEG) recording to detect epileptic spasms (ES) based on inpatient overnight video‐EEG monitoring in patients with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) at the 2‐week follow‐up.MethodsPatients with IESS and overnight EEG monitoring between January 2020 and June 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Time‐to‐ES, time‐to‐sleep and time‐to‐epileptic encephalopathy (EE) per the Burden of Amplitudes and Epileptiform Discharges (BASED 2021) score. BASED 2021 score were reported. ES and sleep detection sensitivity were calculated with respect to monitoring time. Etiology, treatment, and EEG features were assessed for strength of association with continued ES. Time‐to‐event analysis was performed with the first ES as the event of interest.ResultsOf 90 patients, 39 (43%) continued to have ES; 78.6% with EE continued to have ES, whereas only 27.4% without EE had ES (odds ratio [OR] 12.05). Structural etiologies were also associated with continued ES (OR 5.24). ES detection was 35.9%, 76.9%, and 84.6% at 1, 4, and 6 h, respectively, with corresponding negative likelihood ratios (NLRs) of .64, .23, and .15. ES detection reached >90% and >95% at 14 and 19 h, respectively. Sleep detection was 52.2%, 84.4%, and 95.6% at 1, 4, and 6 h, respectively, and captured in all patients by 11 h. EE was observed by 6 h for all associated patients.SignificanceTypical routine EEG durations (<1 h) were not sufficient to detect ES, EE, or sleep in patients with IESS at the 2‐week follow‐up. Four hour outpatient EEG will capture ES in 77% and sleep in 84% of the patients. EE, if present, was shortly after sleep onset. Additional monitoring of up to 19 h was needed to capture >95% of patients with ES. Although EE was strongly associated with continued ES, 27.4% of patients without EE demonstrated ES. This study will help guide adequate duration of EEG monitoring at the 2‐week follow‐up for patients with IESS.
The transition to Teletherapy: Experiences of emotionally focused therapists
Authors: Edwards Caitlin , Wittenborn Andrea K. , Morgan Preston , Pratt Francesca , Heiden‐Rootes Katie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEmotionally focused therapy (EFT) is an evidence‐based treatment for relational distress based on experiential, humanistic, and attachment theories. Despite the empirical support for EFT, there are no studies on EFT delivered via teletherapy. In this study, we aimed to understand therapists' experiences delivering EFT through teletherapy using open‐ended questions on a web‐based survey of certified EFT therapists (n = 69). Reflexive thematic analysis identified five themes: (1) Delivering EFT via teletherapy is similar to in‐person therapy, (2) Delivering EFT via teletherapy is more challenging than in‐person therapy, (3) Delivering EFT via teletherapy is more challenging with certain clients, (4) therapists adapted EFT for teletherapy, and (5) teletherapy and the COVID‐19 pandemic changed therapy practice. The themes illustrated the mixed experiences of EFT therapists using teletherapy. Whereas some found it straightforward to use EFT via teletherapy with couples, others experienced exhaustion and barriers. Practice recommendations for delivering EFT via teletherapy are outlined, including modifying assessment strategies, implementing new safety protocols, and providing additional psychoeducation.
Reaching for Excellence Through Equity or Prestige? US Private Master's Comprehensive Institutions and Low‐Income Students
Authors: Warshaw Jarrett B. , DeMonbrun Matt , McNaughtan Jon 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPrivate master's comprehensive institutions (PMCIs) in the United States navigate pressures to expand college access and equity while striving for prestige in the academic hierarchy. To strive for prestige entails competing for world‐class status of greater selectivity, research intensity and resources, but such a pathway to excellence may, because of market‐competition, deepen institutional and student stratification in the sector. In this study, we examine how organisational characteristics associated with striving influence low‐income student enrolment at PMCIs over time. Our panel analysis revealed selected factors constraining the enrolment of low‐income students at the average PMCI. But the magnitude of these statistical relationships was rather modest and did not suggest dramatically worsening institutional and student inequality in the sector. These findings support a flexible theory of organisational fields, illuminating more equity‐centred behaviours at the typical PMCI than what prior literature indicates. We discuss implications for research and policy emphasising equity's connection to institutional excellence.
U–Pb Geochronology of the Baguio Area, a Major Mining District in Northern Luzon (Philippines)
Authors: Walia Monika , Pena Rolando , Knittel Ulrich 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe Baguio District, located in northern Luzon (the Philippines), is one of the major gold and copper mining districts in the Philippines and SE Asia. U–Pb zircon ages for igneous rocks and for detrital zircons extracted from sediment samples of the principal formations of the Baguio District reveal major magmatic pulses at ca. 1, 3, 16, and 20 Ma. The oldest zircon dated in this study has an age of 27.3 ± 1.6 (2σ) indicating earlier activity which has, however, left only a small imprint on the zircon inventory of the sediments. The absence of older zircons suggests that northern Luzon formed as an intra‐oceanic arc. Zircon Hf isotope data suggests that the magmas, from which the zircons crystallized, were derived from time‐integrated highly depleted mantle sources, compatible with an intra‐oceanic origin of the island. The results of the U–Pb dating of zircons mostly confirm previous estimates of the ages of the rock units. Mid‐Miocene ages obtained for samples thought to represent the Pugo Formation, the lowermost unit, which is thought to be Cretaceous‐Eocene in age, most likely date magmatic rocks that intruded the Pugo Formation.
Photo‐cationic polymerizable ceramic slurry for the fabrication of ceramic structures in three‐dimensional printing
Authors: Park Hye‐Yeong , Seo HaEun , Sakuragi Shiori , Kim Min‐Gyu , Yeo Jeong‐gu , Choe Gyu‐Bin , Kim Gyu‐Nam , Koh Young‐Hag , Jung Yeon‐Gil , Yang SeungCheol 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCycloaliphatic epoxides exhibit post‐light irradiation heat‐induced polymerization, creating warp‐resistant green bodies during sintering. However, their use in light polymerization three‐dimensional (3D) printing is limited by slow photo‐curing speeds. In this study, a photo‐cationic polymerizable ceramic slurry was developed for 3D printing by mixing oxetane with cyclo‐aliphatic epoxide. This mixture improved photo‐curing speed, reduced resin viscosity, and enhanced the ceramic slurry's solid content. Additionally, we optimized the slurry by considering the specific and content ratio of photosensitizers and light absorbers. The optimized slurry polymerized unreacted functional groups in the polymer, improving the fracture strength of the green bodies through enhanced crosslinking density and uniformity in each layer. Ultimately, a sintered body without warpage was produced by the improved green bodies. This approach provides a solution related to controlling the photocuring speed and expands the potential applications of 3D printing in areas where the precision and stability of the printing material are required.
Synthesis, characterization, and electrical properties of Nd3+‐doped (Bi0.4Na0.2K0.2Ba0.2)TiO3 high‐entropy ceramics
Authors: He Qiang , Ye Wenhui , Han Yu , Chen Kepi , Nie Jingkai , Zhu Zhixiang , Zhou Shaoxiong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently, high‐entropy perovskites have attracted considerable attention due to their diverse chemical composition and multifunctionality. In this study, the high‐entropy approach was employed in a (Bi0.4Na0.2K0.2Ba0.2)TiO3 matrix, and Nd3+ was introduced to enhance the configurational entropy and modify its dielectric and ferroelectric properties. Notably, despite Nd3+ doping, all samples maintained a tetragonal perovskite structure at room temperature. The configurational entropy increased with the Nd3+ concentration, consequently leading to a gradual decline in the ferroelectric properties along with the associated temperature (Tm) and maximum dielectric constant (εm). The P–E loops of the ceramics also became thinner as Pm and Pr decreased, resulting in a slow decrease in the recoverable energy density (Wrec) and a simultaneous increase in the energy storage efficiency (η). Especially, the energy storage performance reached its peak at an Nd3+ concentration of 12 mol%, exhibiting an energy storage efficiency of 85.8% and a recoverable energy storage density of 0.74 J/cm3 at a low electric field of 100 kV/cm. These results highlight the potential of this material for dielectric applications in low electric fields and contribute to the advancement of alternative high‐entropy energy storage perovskite ceramics.