bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow of yield stress and Carreau fluids through rough‐walled rock fractures: Prediction and experiments
Authors: Rodríguez de Castro Antonio , Radilla Giovanni 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMany natural phenomena in geophysics and hydrogeology involve the flow of non‐Newtonian fluids through natural rough‐walled fractures. Therefore, there is considerable interest in predicting the pressure drop generated by complex flow in these media under a given set of boundary conditions. However, this task is markedly more challenging than the Newtonian case given the coupling of geometrical and rheological parameters in the flow law. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a simple method to predict the flow of commonly used Carreau and yield stress fluids through fractures. To do so, an expression relating the “in situ” shear viscosity of the fluid to the bulk shear‐viscosity parameters is obtained. Then, this “in situ” viscosity is entered in the macroscopic laws to predict the flow rate‐pressure gradient relations. Experiments with yield stress and Carreau fluids in two replicas of natural fractures covering a wide range of injection flow rates are presented and compared to the predictions of the proposed method. Our results show that the use of a constant shift parameter to relate “in situ” and bulk shear viscosity is no longer valid in the presence of a yield stress or a plateau viscosity. Consequently, properly representing the dependence of the shift parameter on the flow rate is crucial to obtain accurate predictions. The proposed method predicts the pressure drop in a rough‐walled fracture at a given injection flow rate by only using the shear rheology of the fluid, the hydraulic aperture of the fracture, and the inertial coefficients as inputs.
Wettability impact on supercritical CO2 capillary trapping: Pore‐scale visualization and quantification
Authors: Hu Ran , Wan Jiamin , Kim Yongman , Tokunaga Tetsu K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHow the wettability of pore surfaces affects supercritical (sc) CO2 capillary trapping in geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) is not well understood, and available evidence appears inconsistent. Using a high‐pressure micromodel‐microscopy system with image analysis, we studied the impact of wettability on scCO2 capillary trapping during short‐term brine flooding (80 s, 8–667 pore volumes). Experiments on brine displacing scCO2 were conducted at 8.5 MPa and 45°C in water‐wet (static contact angle θ = 20° ± 8°) and intermediate‐wet (θ = 94° ± 13°) homogeneous micromodels under four different flow rates (capillary number Ca ranging from 9 × 10−6 to 8 × 10−4) with a total of eight conditions (four replicates for each). Brine invasion processes were recorded and statistical analysis was performed for over 2000 images of scCO2 saturations, and scCO2 cluster characteristics. The trapped scCO2 saturation under intermediate‐wet conditions is 15% higher than under water‐wet conditions under the slowest flow rate (Ca ∼ 9 × 10−6). Based on the visualization and scCO2 cluster analysis, we show that the scCO2 trapping process in our micromodels is governed by bypass trapping that is enhanced by the larger contact angle. Smaller contact angles enhance cooperative pore filling and widen brine fingers (or channels), leading to smaller volumes of scCO2 being bypassed. Increased flow rates suppress this wettability effect.
A framework for the analysis of noncohesive bank erosion algorithms in morphodynamic modeling
Authors: Stecca G. , Measures R. , Hicks D. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the performance of several noncohesive bank erosion algorithms to be embedded into two‐dimensional models for river hydromorphodynamics on nonmoving meshes. To avoid the complexity of analyzing two‐dimensional model results arising from the nonlinear interaction between flow, fluvial transport, and bank erosion, we develop a simplified framework. In detail, we reduce the two‐dimensional morphodynamic model to a cross‐sectional model under the assumption of longitudinal morphodynamic equilibrium, and apply bank erosion algorithms therein. To build candidate bank erosion models, we break down bank erosion algorithms into three modeling steps: identification of the bank, computation of sediment fluxes due to bank erosion, and bank updating. Different potential models are created by choosing different options for each step. We assess model performance against surveyed bank erosion over a flood event in the transitional Selwyn River, New Zealand. This study is preliminary to implementation of bank erosion in a fully two‐dimensional setting, to model braided planform dynamics.
The potential of GRACE gravimetry to detect the heavy rainfall‐induced impoundment of a small reservoir in the upper Yellow River
Authors: Yi Shuang , Song Chunqiao , Wang Qiuyu , Wang Linsong , Heki Kosuke , Sun Wenke 
Published: July 2017

AbstractArtificial reservoirs are important indicators of anthropogenic impacts on environments, and their cumulative influences on the local water storage will change the gravity signal. However, because of their small signal size, such gravity changes are seldom studied using satellite gravimetry from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Here we investigate the ability of GRACE to detect water storage changes in the Longyangxia Reservoir (LR), which is situated in the upper main stem of the Yellow River. Three different GRACE solutions from the CSR, GFZ, and JPL with three different processing filters are compared here. We find that heavy precipitation in the summer of 2005 caused the LR water storage to increase by 37.9 m in height, which is equivalent to 13.0 Gt in mass, and that the CSR solutions with a DDK4 filter show the best performance in revealing the synthetic gravity signals. We also obtain 109 pairs of reservoir inundation area measurements from satellite imagery and water level changes from laser altimetry and in situ observations to derive the area‐height ratios for the LR. The root mean square of GRACE series in the LR is reduced by 39% after removing synthetic signals caused by mass changes in the LR or by 62% if the GRACE series is further smoothed. We conclude that GRACE data show promising potential in detecting water storage changes in this ∼400 km2 reservoir and that a small signal size is not a restricting factor for detection using GRACE data.
A novel and independent method for time‐resolved gantry angle quality assurance for VMAT
Authors: Fuangrod Todsaporn , Greer Peter B. , Zwan Benjamin J. , Barnes Michael P. , Lehmann Joerg 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVolumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment delivery requires three key dynamic components; gantry rotation, dose rate modulation, and multi‐leaf collimator motion, which are all simultaneously varied during the delivery. Misalignment of the gantry angle can potentially affect clinical outcome due to the steep dose gradients and complex MLC shapes involved. It is essential to develop independent gantry angle quality assurance (QA) appropriate to VMAT that can be performed simultaneously with other key VMAT QA testing. In this work, a simple and inexpensive fully independent gantry angle measurement methodology was developed that allows quantitation of the gantry angle accuracy as a function of time. This method is based on the analysis of video footage of a “Double dot” pattern attached to the front cover of the linear accelerator that consists of red and green circles printed on A4 paper sheet. A standard mobile phone is placed on the couch to record the video footage during gantry rotation. The video file is subsequently analyzed and used to determine the gantry angle from each video frame using the relative position of the two dots. There were two types of validation tests performed including the static mode with manual gantry angle rotation and dynamic mode with three complex test plans. The accuracy was 0.26° ± 0.04° and 0.46° ± 0.31° (mean ± 1 SD) for the static and dynamic modes, respectively. This method is user friendly, cost effective, easy to setup, has high temporal resolution, and can be combined with existing time‐resolved method for QA of MLC and dose rate to form a comprehensive set of procedures for time‐resolved QA of VMAT delivery system.
Centrifugal Lithography: Self‐Shaping of Polymer Microstructures Encapsulating Biopharmaceutics by Centrifuging Polymer Drops
Authors: Yang Huisuk , Kim Suyong , Kang Geonwoo , Lahiji Shayan F. , Jang Mingyu , Kim Young Mi , Kim Jae‐Myung , Cho Sang‐Nae , Jung Hyungil 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPolymeric microstructures encapsulating biopharmaceutics must be fabricated in a controlled environment to preserve the biological activity. There is increasing demand for simple methods designed to preserve the biological activity by utilizing the natural properties of polymers. Here, the paper shows that centrifugal lithography (CL) can be used for the fabrication of such microstructures in a single centrifugation, by engineering the self‐shaping properties of hyaluronic acid (HA). In this method, HA drops are self‐shaped into hourglass‐microstructures to produce two dissolving microneedles (DMN), which facilitate transdermal delivery via implantation on the skin. In addition, tuberculin purified protein derivatives are encapsulated into HA DMNs under refrigerated conditions (4 °C) during CL. Therefore, the tuberculin skin test (TST) with the DMNs indicates minimal damage, as opposed to the case of TST with traditional hypodermic needles. These findings on the fabrication of polymeric microstructures with biopharmaceutics may trigger the development of various biomedical devices and therapies.
A case of disseminated cryptococcosis with necrotizing fasciitis in a non‐HIV patient
Authors: Hoshino Tetsuya , Omura Kazuya , Kimura Shinichi , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Kamei Katsuhiko , Ohkusu Misako 
Published: July 2017

CaseDisseminated cryptococcosis is a well‐recognized condition among HIV patients, but it also occurs in non‐HIV patients. Necrotizing fasciitis caused by cryptococcus is rare. An 81‐year‐old man who had received steroid therapy presented with erythema and pain in his right thigh. After the rapid progression of symptoms and a failure to respond to antibiotic therapy, a clinical diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis was made. We performed debridement, and yeasts were detected using a Gram stain of the fascia. We treated the patient with liposomal amphotericin B. On day 3, he developed meningitis. Cryptococcus neoformans was detected in the blood, fascia, and cerebrospinal fluid. Flucytosine was added to liposomal amphotericin B.OutcomeDespite the antifungal treatment, new regions of dissemination to the skin developed, and the patient died of multiple organ failure.ConclusionA diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcosis should be considered in a differential diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis among immunocompromised patients, regardless of their HIV status.
Two‐Dimensional Seeded Self‐Assembly of a Complex Hierarchical Perylene‐Based Heterostructure
Authors: Liu Yin , Peng Cheng , Xiong Wei , Zhang Yifan , Gong Yanjun , Che Yanke , Zhao Jincai 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA complex two‐dimensional (2D) hierarchical heterostructure was fabricated by a sequential two‐dimensional seeded self‐assembly, which consisted of laterally grown nanotubes from one perylene monomer and terminally elongated nanocoils from a similar perylene monomer on microribbon seeds from a third perylene. Because the nanotube and nanocoil monomers can form kinetically trapped off‐pathway aggregates to prevent self‐nucleation and have similar molecular organizations to different facets of the seeds, the nanotube and nanocoil monomers preferentially nucleate and grow on the seed sides and terminal ends, respectively, to form a complex 2D hierarchical heterostructure. The strategy used in this work can be extended to fabricate other complex nanoarchitectures from small molecules.
Fluorescent Probes with Multiple Binding Sites for the Discrimination of Cys, Hcy, and GSH
Authors: Yin Cai‐Xia , Xiong Kang‐Ming , Huo Fang‐Jun , Salamanca James C. , Strongin Robert M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBiothiols such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH) play crucial roles in maintaining redox homeostasis in biological systems. This Minireview summarizes the most significant current challenges in the field of thiol‐reactive probes for biomedical research and diagnostics, emphasizing the needs and opportunities that have been under‐investigated by chemists in the selective probe and sensor field. Progress on multiple binding site probes to distinguish Cys, Hcy, and GSH is highlighted as a creative new direction in the field that can enable simultaneous, accurate ratiometric monitoring. New probe design strategies and researcher priorities can better help address current challenges, including the monitoring of disease states such as autism and chronic diseases involving oxidative stress that are characterized by divergent levels of GSH, Cys, and Hcy.
Genetic differentiation and historical demography of wood stork populations in Brazilian wetlands: Implications for the conservation of the species and associated ecosystems
Authors: Miño Carolina I. , Avelar Luiza H. da Silva , da Silva Fagner M. , Perez Manolo F. , Menezes Luiza F. , Del Lama Silvia N. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Wetlands are increasingly threatened by human activities worldwide. Genetic monitoring of associated wildlife provides valuable data to support their conservation. Waterbirds such as the wood stork (Mycteria americana) are good bioindicators of wetland disturbance and destruction.
This study investigated past and contemporary levels of genetic diversity, differentiation and demographic processes in 236 wood storks from two major wetlands in Brazil in which breeding colonies are concentrated, using nine microsatellite loci and a 237‐bp untranslated fragment of the mitochondrial Control Region.
Amapá populations (northern region) showed slightly higher levels of genetic diversity than Pantanal populations (central western region) and both populations had a low number of effective breeders.
Results from assignment tests, F‐statistics, AMOVA, spatial and non‐spatial Bayesian clustering analyses support the hypothesis of gene flow among colonies within regions, but significant differentiation between regions.
The better supported Bayesian coalescent models based on both markers indicated that the northern population exchanged migrants with unsampled populations, and that the central western population was founded by individuals from the north. Mitochondrial estimates revealed that the timing of population divergence broadly overlapped the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and that the central western population expanded more recently than the northern population.
The results support the hypothesis that the coastal wetlands in northern Brazil remained stable enough to shelter large wood stork populations during the LGM and storks colonized freshwater wetlands in the central western region following deglacial warming.
Conservation policies and protective measures should consider Amapá and Pantanal wood stork populations as genetically differentiated units and priority should be given to Amapá populations that represent the source gene pool. Continuous genetic monitoring of wood storks would help detect genetic signs of changes in demographic trends that may reflect alterations or degradation in wetlands.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Pillar[4]arene[1]cis‐diepoxy‐p‐dione and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of Host–Guest System
Authors: Han Chengyou , Zhao Dezhi , Li Tian , Sun Daofeng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHerein, we successfully develop a novel route to give rise to polarity for the pillararenes by the introduction of oxygenated functionalities into pillar[5]arene to stereoselectively synthesize the pillar[4]arene[1]cis‐diepoxy‐p‐dione. Its host–guest properties with different dinitrile molecules were also investigated and characterized by NMR and X‐ray crystallography.
Unique Solid‐State Emission Behavior of Aromatic Difluoroboronated β‐Diketones as an Emitter in Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Sasabe Hisahiro , Sasaki Kanako , Mamiya Michitaka , Suwa Yurie , Watanabe Taiki , Onuma Natsuki , Nakao Kohei , Yamaji Minoru , Kido Junji 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAromatic difluoroboronated β‐diketone (BF2DK) derivatives are a widely known class of luminescent organic materials that exhibit high photoluminescent quantum efficiency and unique aggregation‐dependent fluorescence behavior. However, there have been only a few reports on their use in solid‐state electronic devices, such as organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). Herein, we investigated the solid‐state properties and OLED performance of a series of π‐extended BF2DK derivatives that have previously been shown to exhibit intense fluorescence in the solution state. The BF2DK derivatives formed exciplexes with a carbazole derivative and exhibited thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) behavior to give orange electroluminescence with a peak external quantum efficiency of 10 % that apparently exceeds the theoretical efficiency limit of conventional fluorescent OLEDs (7.5 %), assuming a light out‐coupling factor of 30 %.
Catalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Revision of Leucinostatin A: A Modulator of Tumor–Stroma Interaction
Authors: Abe Hikaru , Ouchi Hitoshi , Sakashita Chiharu , Kawada Manabu , Watanabe Takumi , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTotal synthesis of leucinostatin A, a modulator of tumor‐stroma interactions, using asymmetric catalyses, a nitroaldol reaction, thioamide‐aldol reaction, Strecker‐type reaction, and alcoholysis of 3‐methylglutaric anhydride, is described. We demonstrated the applicability of the established catalytic asymmetric processes to the synthesis of molecules with a complex structure. Careful analysis of the NMR data, HPLC profiles, and biological activity revealed that the correct structure of leucinostatin A is the epimeric form of the reported structure; the secondary alcohol within the AHMOD residue has an R configuration.
Critical diagnoses in cytopathology: Experience at a large medical center
Authors: Xing Juan , Seigh Lindsey , Monaco Sara E. , Ohori N. Paul , Yousem Samuel A. , Amin Rajnikant , Pantanowitz Liron 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDCritical values have been well established and accepted in laboratory medicine, but to the authors' knowledge are less well accepted in anatomic pathology. Herein, the authors used a reporting process whereby reports with critical diagnoses were coded to ensure that the patient's clinical team was promptly notified electronically of this finding. The aim of the current study was to determine whether this coding mechanism was used appropriately for critical cytopathology diagnoses in the study health care system.METHODSA retrospective review of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center anatomic pathology laboratory information system was performed to identify cytopathology reports in which a critical diagnosis code (MedTrak notification/CoPath Tissue Code TC66; TC66) was used from 2011 through 2016. TC66‐coded cytopathology reports between 2015 and 2016 were reviewed further to determine whether this code was used appropriately.RESULTSA total of 1687 TC66‐coded cytopathology reports were identified. Between 2015 and 2016, a total of 30 of 46 reports (65%) from academic hospitals and 46 of 441 reports (10%) from community hospitals met the critical diagnoses criteria outlined by institutional policy. The remaining TC66‐coded cases were predominantly for new diagnoses of malignancy in patients clinically suspected of having cancer.CONCLUSIONSUse of a code for critical cytopathology diagnoses was found to be occurring increasingly at the study health care system. Pathologists at the academic and community hospitals in the study institution used this code somewhat differently, reflecting the need to satisfy communication with clinicians in different practice settings. Nevertheless, the authors' experiences with using a code for critical diagnoses not only ensured timely patient care but also proposed a model that could be used by other medical specialties to enhance communication and improve quality of care. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:726‐30. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Hybrid Deep Eutectic Solvents with Flexible Hydrogen‐Bonded Supramolecular Networks for Highly Efficient Uptake of NH3
Authors: Li Yuhui , Ali Mohammad Chand , Yang Qiwei , Zhang Zhiguo , Bao Zongbi , Su Baogen , Xing Huabin , Ren Qilong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSerious environmental concerns have led to a great demand for efficient uptake of NH3 by solvents. However, traditional aqueous absorbents have many shortcomings and efforts to use ionic liquids have met with limited success. A hybrid deep eutectic solvents (DESs) designed with a flexible hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular network exhibits both exceptional NH3 uptake capacity and superior desorption–regeneration performance, along with superb NH3/CO2 selectivity and environmental merit. Elucidated by molecular dynamic simulations and spectroscopic analysis, the abundant hydrogen‐bonding sites in the hybrid DESs bind every atom of the NH3 molecule and enable strong physical reversible solvation, whereas the multiple interactions among the hybrid components create a flexible hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular network and allow for solvent‐unbreaking absorption to ensure the full participation of the solvent and process stability. A mass solubility of NH3 up to 0.13 g g−1 was achieved at 313 K and 101 kPa by the hybrid DES choline chloride/resorcinol/glycerol (1:3:5), which is higher than all reported ionic liquids and ordinary DESs. Moreover, the performance remained the same after ten absorption–desorption cycles and the DESs could be easily regenerated.
Silver nanoparticles functionalized with ampicillin
Authors: Rogowska Agnieszka , Rafińska Katarzyna , Pomastowski Paweł , Walczak Justyna , Railean‐Plugaru Viorica , Buszewska‐Forajta Magdalena , Buszewski Bogusław 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics has become a serious problem. The emphasis is placed on the development of new, effective antimicrobial strategies. One of them is the use of AgNPs in association with antibiotic drugs. The aim of this study was to obtain silver nanoparticles functionalized with ampicillin and to investigate the mechanism of binding antibiotics to nanoparticle using high‐performance liquid chromatography approach. To confirm the occurrence of silver nanoparticles functionalization, FTIR, MALDI‐TOF MS, and DLS analysis and zeta potential measurements were performed. Moreover we assessed the antibacterial activity of biologically synthesized nanoparticles functionalized with ampicillin against a range of gram (+) and gram (−) bacteria strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli.
CE and nanomaterials – Part II: Nanomaterials in CE
Authors: Adam Vojtech , Vaculovicova Marketa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe scope of this two‐part review is to summarize publications dealing with CE and nanomaterials together. This topic can be viewed from two broad perspectives, and this article is trying to highlight these two approaches: (i) CE of nanomaterials, and (ii) nanomaterials in CE. The second part aims at summarization of publications dealing with application of nanomaterials for enhancement of CE performance either in terms of increasing the separation resolution or for improvement of the detection. To increase the resolution, nanomaterials are employed as either surface modification of the capillary wall forming open tubular column or as additives to the separation electrolyte resulting in a pseudostationary phase. Moreover, nanomaterials have proven to be very beneficial for increasing also the sensitivity of detection employed in CE or even they enable the detection (e.g., fluorescent tags of nonfluorescent molecules).