bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schutzmaßnahmen gegen interkristalline Spannungsrißkorrosion von Gashochdruckleitungen aus Stahl bei erhöhter Betriebstemperatur
Authors: Delbeck W. , Engel A. , Müller D. , Spörl R. , Schwenk W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAbschnitte aus Leitungsrohren der Güte X 60 wurden zu Behältern umgebaut und in Betongruben folgender definierten Korrosionsbelastung unterworfen: NaHCO3‐haltiger Sandboden, Wandtemperatur 70°C, Potential UH = − 0.43, − 0.55 und − 0.68 V. Die Rohroberflächen lagen in den Zuständen „mit Walzzunder belassen”︁, „gebürstet”︁ und „gestrahlt”︁ vor und waren zusätzlich mit PE entsprechend DIN 30 670 umhüllt. Weiterhin wurden Fehlstellen in der Umhüllung in unterschiedlicher Größe angebracht, von denen ausgehend die Umhüllung unterwandert werden konnte. Die Behälter wurden einer sägezahnähnlichen dynamischen Innendruckbelastung unterworfen. Dabei lag die Dehnrate um 10−7 s−1, während die Entlastung in wenigen Sekunden erfolgte. Das Belastungsprogramm umfaßte 4800 Zyklen zwischen 44 und 87%, 1390 Zyklen zwischen 66 und 87% und 5000 Zyklen zwischen 79 bis 87% Rp0,2 mit einer Gesamtdauer von 9830 h.Die Untersuchung der Rohroberflächen zeigte an den Fehlstellen keinen Korrosionsangriff. Im unterwanderten Bereich der Umhüllung konnten bei gestrahlten und gebürsteten Behältern keinerlei Hinweise für örtlichen Korrosionsangriff gefunden werden. Dagegen zeigten die mit Walzzunder behafteten Behälter stellenweise schwache Rißfelder, die durch konventionelle Rißprüfverfahren nicht erkannt werden konnten. REM‐Untersuchungen ergaben lochfraßartige dehnungsinduzierte Anrisse mit einer Tiefe bis zu 0,2 mm. Von diesen Anrissen ging in wenigen Fällen ein interkristalliner Angriff aus, der als Folge einer Spannungsrißkorrosion anzusehen ist. Aus den Untersuchungsergebnissen werden die erforderlichen Schutzmaßnahmen gegen Spannungsrißkorrosion abgeleitet. Bei Beachten der derzeit geltenden Technischen Regeln in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist Spannungsrißkorrosion bei Gashochdruckleitungen auszuschließen.
Temperature as a pitting and crevice corrosion criterion in the FeCl3 test
Authors: Renner M. , Heubner U. , Rockel M. B. , Wallis E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe FeCl3 test is applied to an increasing extent for examining the resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. Two methods having proved their value are described, the chemical properties of the FeCl3 solution with regard to hydrolysis, pH and redox potential behaviour at various test temperatures are set forth and finally numerous results of the application of this test to high‐alloy stainless steels and nickel alloys are presented. These results have been used to establish, be means of multiple regression, two empirical equations that allow to estimate rather accurately the critical pitting and crevice corrosion temperatures (CPT, CCT) from the contents of the decisive alloying constituents.These temperatures vary by about 2.5°C in the CPT test and by approx. 10°C in the CCT test, which can be reduced, however, by extending the test period beyond 24 hours. This is due to the fact that corrosion potentials in a 10% FeCl3 · 6H2O solution take a long time to stabilize. The variation of the critical crevice temperature can be further reduced by pressing the crevice blocks at a higher torque to the specimen. Another section particularly deals with the application of the CPT test for determining the influence of the matrix on the resistance to local corrosion. Consequently, the CPT test lends itself excellently to the examination of welds and as a quality control. Finally, CPT test results are compared with pitting data determined electro‐chemically in artificial seawater. This shows that the ranking order with regard to corrosion resistance is identical, although media and processes differ considerably from each other.
Elektrochemische und werkstoffphysikalische Untersuchungen von Laserstrahl‐umgeschmolzenen Eisenwerkstoffen
Authors: Peter Ralf , Löschau Wolfgang , Pompe Wolfgang , Forker Wolfgang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDie Oberflächen von Reinsteisen‐, St 38‐ und KT 45‐Proben wurden mit Hilfe eines CO2‐cw‐Lasers umgeschmolzen. Elektrochemische und werkstoffphysikalische Eigenschaften der dabei entstandenen Oberflächenschichten wurden untersucht.Zwischen unbehandelten und mit Laserstrahlen behandelten Proben ergeben sich signifikante Unterschiede, deren mögliche Ursachen diskutiert werden.
Der Einfluß eines Magnetfeldes auf Korrosionsprozesse
Authors: Peev Todor , Mandjukova B. , Mandjukov I. , Rusanov V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMittels Mössbauerspektroskopie wurden Korrosionsprodukte untersucht, die unter statischen Bedingungen an kohlenstoffarmem Stahl entstanden waren. Korrosionsmedien waren Meerwasser und eine Modellösung, jeweils in Gegenwart und in Abwesenheit eines Magnetfeldes. Das Magnetfeld beeinflußt die Dispersität der entstehenden Phasen und bewirkt einen erhöhten Gehalt an paramagnetischen Komponenten im Rost. Von Bedeutung ist auch das Medium, in dem die Korrosionsvorgänge ablaufen.
Über die Anwendung von Ionensensitiven Feldeffekttransistoren zur Untersuchung von Korrosionsvorgängen
Authors: Oelßner Wolfram , Kaden Heiner 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIonensentitive Feldeffekttransistoren (ISFET) sind chemische Sensoren auf Halbleiterbasis. Sie zeichnen sich aus durch kleine Abmessungen, eine ebene Meßfläche und kurze Ansprechzeiten. Damit eignen sie sich sehr gut zur Bestimmung lokaler pH‐Änderungen bei elektrochemischen Korrosionsuntersuchungen. Die in dieser Arbeit beschriebene experimentelle Anordnung gestattet in‐situ‐Messungen des pH‐Wertes mit ISFET‐Sensoren in Flüssigkeitsmengen von weniger als 1 mm3; die aktive Oberfläche des zu untersuchenden Werkstoffs kann kleiner als 1 mm2 sein. In Modellversuchen wurden zunächst hauptsächlich durch die Korrosion von Stahl St 38 verursachte Änderungen des pH‐Wertes von dest. Wasser untersucht. Nach anfänglichem kurzzeitigem Anstieg infolge Sauerstoffreduktion wurde ein Absinken des pH‐Wertes auf pH = 3 ⃛4 beobachtet. Außerdem wurden ISFET‐Sensoren als Potentialsonde bei elektrochemischen Polarisationsmessungen in Medien mit geringer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit eingesetzt. Es wird gezeigt, daß sich der geringe Ausgangswiderstand des ISFET günstig auf das dynamische Verhalten potentiostatischer Regelsysteme auswirkt.
A Precursor Approach to Electrospun Polyaniline Nanofibers for Gas Sensors
Authors: Uh Kyungchan , Kim Taegeun , Lee Chan Woo , Kim Jong‐Man 
Published: August 2016

Polyaniline (PANI) has served as one of the most promising conducting materials in a variety of fields including sensors, actuators, and electrodes. Fabrication of 1D PANI fibers using electrospinning methods has gained a significant amount of attention. Due to the extremely poor solubility of PANI in common organic solvents, fabrication of electrospun PANI fiber has been carried out either by using corrosive solvents such as H2SO4 or by electrospinning in the presence of other matrix polymers. Herein, a new approach to the fabrication of PANI fibers using tert‐butyloxycarbonyl‐protected PANI (t‐Boc PANI) as the conducting polymer precursor is reported. The t‐Boc PANI is soluble in common organic solvents (e.g., chloroform and tetrahydrofuran), and electrospinning of t‐Boc PANI in those solvents affords nano/micrometer‐sized t‐Boc PANI fibers. Treatment of the electrospun t‐Boc PANI fibers with HCl results in the removal of the acid labile t‐Boc group and the generation of conducting (≈20 S cm−1) PANI fibers. The HCl‐doped PANI fibers are successfully used in the detection of gaseous ammonia with a detection limit of 10 ppm.
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Depth‐Sensing Macroindentation Test and Stepped Iso­thermal Method – Accelerated Assessment of the Local Retardation Behaviour of Thermoplastic Polymers
Authors: Lach Ralf , Schön Jan , Krolopp Tobias , Arndt Stephan , Langer Beate , Grellmann Wolfgang 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe prototype of a depth‐sensing macrohardness testing system with temperature chamber and temperature controlling unit for contact heating/cooling was upgraded in terms of control and software in such a way, that it allows application of the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM) as for now. The SIM is a single‐specimen method, for which the temperature is raised stepwise at constant load and kept constant for a given time for each step, where the changes in indentation depth are measured as a function of time in this case. After correction of the thermally induced change in indentation depth and mathematical procedures a master curve construction is realised along a logarithmic time axis. The method was successfully applied to the assessment of the long‐term creep behaviour of different thermoplastic polymers such as PP, PE‐HD, PET and PVDF. The results obtained were compared with results of the SIM using tensile testing and the short‐term creep test using the depth‐sensing macrohardness testing system.
Irisolidone attenuates ethanol‐induced gastric injury in mice by inhibiting the infiltration of neutrophils
Authors: Kang Geum‐Dan , Lee Sang‐Yoon , Jang Se‐Eun , Han Myung Joo , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: August 2016

ScopeThis study was designed to determine whether irisolidone and its glycoside kakkalide, which are the major constituents of the flower of Pueraria lobata (Kudzu) can attenuate ethanol‐induced gastritic injury in mice.Methods and resultsIrisolidone and kakkalide inhibited IL‐8 secretion and NF‐κB activation in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated KATO III cells. Therefore, we investigated their protective effects against ethanol‐induced gastric injury in mice. Pretreatment with kakkalide or irisolidone decreased the area of hemorrhagic ulcerative lesions caused by ethanol and suppressed stomach myeloperoxidase activity, CXCL4 secretion, and NF‐κB activation. The ameliorating effect of irisolidone was more potent than that of kakkalide.ConclusionIrisolidone may attenuate ethanol‐induced gastritis by inhibiting the infiltration of immune cells, particularly neutrophils, through the regulation of CXCL‐4 or IL‐8 secretion.
Synthesis of Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution Copolymers for ArF Photoresist Materials by Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization
Authors: Wang Zi Jun , Wylie Kevin , Marić Milan 
Published: August 2016

ArF candidate photoresist polymers have been synthesized by nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP). Statistical copolymerizations of α‐gamma butyrolactone methacrylate, 3‐hydroxy‐1‐adamantyl methacrylate, and 2‐methyl 2‐adamantyl methacrylate with 5–10 mol% of controlling comonomers (i.e., styrene, p‐acetoxystyrene, 2‐vinyl naphthalene, acrylonitrile, and pentafluorostyrene), which are necessary for controlled polymerization of methacrylates by NMP with the unimolecular alkoxyamine initiator BlocBuilder, have been used. As little as 5 mol% controlling comonomer in the feed is demonstrated to be sufficient to produce linear evolution of number average molecular weight against conversion (X) up to X = 0.7 for relatively low target degrees of polymerization. All of the resulting copolymers have relatively low dispersities and show relatively low absorbance at 193 nm, comparable to other 193 nm candidate photoresists reported previously, with the exception of VN‐containing copolymer.
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Parental Body Mass Index Is Associated With Adolescent Obesity in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chen‐Mei , Lou Meei‐Fang , Gau Bih‐Shya 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAdolescent obesity is a crucial public health concern, and understanding its risk factors can facilitate the establishment of prevention policies. In this study we investigated the prevalence of adolescent obesity in Taiwan, determined the influential factors, and compared the prevalence of obesity in our study population with international indices. The cross‐sectional study was an analysis of data from the 2010–2011 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, an anthropometric measurement and questionnaire survey of adolescents aged 11–18 years. Our sample was 1,826 adolescents (910 males and 916 females). Data were analyzed using logistic regression modeling. Based on body mass index standards specific to Taiwan norms, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Taiwan adolescents was 12.4% and 16.8%, respectively. The prevalence was lower when international indices of overweight and obesity were applied. In logistic regression, obesity was linked to male gender, an obese father, overweight or obese mother, poor dietary attitudes, and perceived low dietary benefits. Monitoring and preventing adolescent obesity should focus on both adolescents and their parents. When planning behavioral change and education for adolescent obesity, health professionals and policy‐makers should view the family as a unit. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Optimized Voriconazole Dosing Strategy to Achieve Therapeutic Serum Concentrations in Children Younger than 2 Years Old
Authors: Zembles Tracy N. , Thompson Nathan E. , Havens Peter L. , Kaufman Bruce A. , Huppler Anna R. 
Published: August 2016

Study ObjectiveTo describe our experience with voriconazole in three patients younger than 2 years using an optimized dosing strategy for voriconazole that incorporates intensive therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).DesignCase series.SettingLarge pediatric hospital.PatientsThree patients younger than 2 years who received voriconazole therapy and had serum trough concentrations measured between January 1, 2010, and October 31, 2015.Measurements and Main ResultsA clinical practice guideline developed at our institution was used to standardize initial dosing, appropriate use and timing of TDM, and dosage modifications based on TDM. TDM was used to guide dosing to achieve a target voriconazole serum trough concentration of 2–6 μg/ml. Voriconazole samples were assayed by using a high‐performance liquid chromatography analytical method with solid‐phase extraction. Initial dosages for the three patients were 9 mg/kg intravenously every 12 hours (one patient) and 9 mg/kg enterally twice/day (two patients). Multiple dose escalations and a more frequent dosing interval were required to achieve trough concentrations within the target range. The final dosages were 12 mg/kg intravenously every 8 hours, 17.7 mg/kg enterally 3 times/day, and 8.5 mg/kg enterally 3 times/day, respectively. In addition to voriconazole trough concentrations, TDM included evaluations for drug toxicities. Visual, neurologic, or hepatic adverse effects were not encountered in the three patients.ConclusionOur data support higher initial doses and perhaps a 3 times/day dosing schedule to achieve voriconazole serum concentrations in the target range for children younger than 2 years. Implementation of a clinical practice guideline with the participation of pharmacists specializing in pharmacokinetics allows for effective use of voriconazole in young children.
Event‐triggered output synchronization of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems
Authors: Almeida J. , Silvestre C. , Pascoal A. M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis paper proposes a control architecture that employs event‐triggered control techniques to achieve output synchronization of a group of heterogeneous linear time‐invariant agents. We associate with each agent an event‐triggered output regulation controller and an event‐triggered reference generator. The event‐triggered output regulation controller is designed such that the regulated output of the agent approximately tracks a reference signal provided by the reference generator in the presence of unknown disturbances. The event‐triggered reference generator is responsible for synchronizing its internal state across all agents by exchanging information through a communication network linking the agents. We first address the output regulation problem for a single agent where we analyze two event‐triggered scenarios. In the first one, the output and input event detectors operate synchronously, meaning that resets are made at the same time instants, while in the second one, they operate asynchronously and independently of each other. It is shown that the tracking error is globally bounded for all bounded reference trajectories and all bounded disturbances. We then merge the results on event‐triggered output regulation with previous results on event‐triggered communication protocols for synchronization of the reference generators to demonstrate that the regulated output of each agent converges to and remains in a neighborhood of the desired reference trajectory and that the closed‐loop system does not exhibit Zeno solutions. Several examples are provided to illustrate the advantages and issues of every component of the proposed control architecture. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
fac‐[Re(H2O)3(CO)3]+ Complexed with Histidine and Imidazole in Aqueous Solution: Speciation, Affinity and Binding Features
Authors: De Tommaso Gaetano , Celentano Veronica , Malgieri Gaetano , Fattorusso Roberto , Romanelli Alessandra , D'Andrea Luca Domenico , Iuliano Mauro , Isernia Carla 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe use of isotopes of transition metal has opened many perspectives in the development of novel compounds utilizable for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. In order to be exploited, though, they must be stabilized by chelating systems in coordination complexes. The tricarbonyl complexes of Technetium(I) and Rhenium(I) have assumed important roles in these fields as they are readily conjugated to biomolecules to form stable probe useful in the targeting approach. In this context the amino acid histidine represents a valuable ligand for bioconjugation. Since little is reported on the chemistry and speciation of Re(I) and Tc(I) in aqueous solution, here, we analyze the interaction of fac‐[Re(H2O)3(CO)3]+ with histidine or with the simple imidazole ring by means of potentiometric and spectroscopic techniques. We describe in details the equilibria that arise in solution, calculate the constants of each equilibrium reaction and report coordination properties and atomic details of the formed complexes. Our data represent a valuable contribute towards the exploitation in nuclear medicine of histidine containing biomolecules complexing Tc (I) and Re(I).
The effect of fluoride on the structure, function, and proteome of a renal epithelial cell monolayer
Authors: Antonio Ligia S. , Jeggle Pia , MacVinish Lesley J. , Bartram James C. , Miller Henry , Jarvis Gavin E. , Levy Flávia M. , Santesso Mariana R. , Leite Aline L. , Oliveira Rodrigo C. , Buzalaf Marília A. R. , Edwardson J. Michael 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTHigh concentrations of fluoride in the body may cause toxic effects. Here, we investigated the effects of fluoride on the structure, function, and proteome of a cortical collecting duct epithelium in vitro. Kidney tubule cells (M‐1) were chosen because the concentration of fluoride in the kidney is 4–5‐fold higher than that in plasma. Mouse M‐1 cell monolayers were incubated in fluoride‐containing media, and the amiloride‐sensitive short‐circuit current and transepithelial resistance were measured. The Young's modulus of the epithelium was determined using atomic force microscopy, and the effect of fluoride on epithelial structure was assessed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence. Differences in the expression of membrane proteins were evaluated using proteomics and bioinformatics. Fluoride exposure reduced both transepithelial Na+ transport and resistance. The IC50 for fluoride was ∼300 µM for both effects, and the half‐times for the decays of ion transport and resistance were 8.4 h and 3.6 days, respectively. Fluoride treatment did not affect the sensitivity of Na+ transport to amiloride. The Young's modulus of the epithelium was also unaffected by fluoride; however, the functional effects of fluoride were accompanied by marked structural effects. Proteomic analysis revealed changes in expression of a number of proteins, and particularly mitochondrial proteins. Treatment with fluoride had profound effects on the structure, function and proteome of a model cortical collecting duct epithelium. Significantly, however, these effects were produced only at concentrations considerably higher than those likely to be encountered in vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1455–1467, 2017.
Defining the Chance of Statistical Cure Among Patients with Extrahepatic Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Spolverato Gaya , Bagante Fabio , Ethun Cecilia G. , Poultsides George , Tran Thuy , Idrees Kamran , Isom Chelsea A. , Fields Ryan C. , Krasnick Bradley , Winslow Emily , Cho Clifford , Martin Robert C. G. , Scoggins Charles R. , Shen Perry , Mogal Harveshp D. , Schmidt Carl , Beal Eliza , Hatzaras Ioannis , Shenoy Rivfka , Maithel Shishir K. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundWhile surgery offers the best curative‐intent treatment, many patients with biliary tract malignancies have poor long‐term outcomes. We sought to apply a non‐mixture cure model to calculate the cure fraction and the time to cure after surgery of patients with peri‐hilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC) or gallbladder cancer (GBC).MethodsUsing the Extrahepatic Biliary Malignancy Consortium, 576 patients who underwent curative‐intent surgery for gallbladder carcinoma or peri‐hilar cholangiocarcinoma between 1998 and 2014 at 10 major hepatobiliary institutions were identified and included in the analysis. A non‐mixture cure model was adopted to compare mortality after surgery to the mortality expected for the general population matched by sex and age.ResultsThe median and 5‐year overall survival (OS) were 1.9 years (IQR, 0.9–4.9) and 23.9 % (95 % CI, 19.6–28.6). Among all patients with PHCC or GBC, the probability of being cured after surgery was 14.5 % (95 % CI, 8.7–23.2); the time to cure was 9.7 years and the median survival of uncured patients was 1.8 years. Determinants of cure probabilities included lymph node metastasis and CA 19.9 level (p ≤ 0.05). The cure fraction for patients with a CA 19.9 < 50 U/ml and no lymph nodes metastases were 39.0 % versus only 5.1 % among patients with a CA 19.9 ≥ 50 who also had lymph node metastasis.ConclusionsExamining an “all comer” cohort, <15 % of patients with PHCC or GBC could be considered cured after surgery. Factors such CA 19.9 level and lymph node metastasis independently predicted long‐term outcome. Estimating the odds of statistical cure following surgery for biliary tract cancer can assist in decision‐making as well as inform discussions around survivorship.
Bicuspid Aortic Valve: a Review with Recommendations for Genetic Counseling
Authors: Freeze Samantha L. , Landis Benjamin J. , Ware Stephanie M. , Helm Benjamin M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect and falls in the spectrum of left‐sided heart defects, also known as left ventricular outflow tract obstructive (LVOTO) defects. BAV is often identified in otherwise healthy, asymptomatic individuals, but it is associated with serious long term health risks including progressive aortic valve disease (stenosis or regurgitation) and thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. BAV and other LVOTO defects have high heritability. Although recommendations for cardiac screening of BAV in at‐risk relatives exist, there are no standard guidelines for providing genetic counseling to patients and families with BAV. This review describes current knowledge of BAV and associated aortopathy and provides guidance to genetic counselors involved in the care of patients and families with these malformations. The heritability of BAV and recommendations for screening are highlighted. While this review focuses specifically on BAV, the principles are applicable to counseling needs for other LVOTO defects.