bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density Functional Theory Study of Hydrogen Adsorption in a Ti‐Decorated Mg‐Based Metal–Organic Framework‐74
Authors: Suksaengrat Pitphichaya , Amornkitbamrung Vittaya , Srepusharawoot Pornjuk , Ahuja Rajeev 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Ti‐binding energy and hydrogen adsorption energy of a Ti‐decorated Mg‐based metal–organic framework‐74 (Mg‐MOF‐74) were evaluated by using first‐principles calculations. Our results revealed that only three Ti adsorption sites were found to be stable. The adsorption site near the metal oxide unit is the most stable. To investigate the hydrogen‐adsorption properties of Ti‐functionalized Mg‐MOF‐74, the hydrogen‐binding energy was determined. For the most stable Ti adsorption site, we found that the hydrogen adsorption energy ranged from 0.26 to 0.48 eV H2−1. This is within the desirable range for practical hydrogen‐storage applications. Moreover, the hydrogen capacity was determined by using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Our results revealed that the hydrogen uptake by Ti‐decorated Mg‐MOF‐74 at temperatures of 77, 150, and 298 K and ambient pressure were 1.81, 1.74, and 1.29 H2 wt %, respectively.
Regulation of precipitation‐associated vegetation dynamics on catchment water balance in a semiarid and arid mountainous watershed
Authors: Tang Guoping , Carroll Rosemary W.H. , Lutz Alexandra , Sun Lin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractQuantifying the regulation of precipitation‐associated vegetation dynamics on land surface water balance poses a particular challenge in current eco‐hydrological studies because terrestrial ecological processes interact with hydrological processes, and both are subject to precipitation change. The objective of this study is to examine how precipitation change‐associated vegetation dynamics may regulate catchment water balance in a semiarid to arid mountain ecosystem. To achieve this objective, R‐RHESSys, which is short for rasterised regional hydro‐ecological simulation system, a distributed hydro‐ecological model, was applied to the Cleve Creek watershed in the eastern Nevada, USA. Simulation results from two scenarios based on altered precipitations were compared, respectively, to those from a baseline scenario based on observed precipitations. Our results suggest that R‐RHESSys can accurately simulate catchment water balance and vegetation dynamics in the study area. In addition, we found that (i) precipitation‐associated shifts in leaf canopy can help reduce flood potentials during wet years or sustain baseflow during dry years through changing evapotranspiration (ET); (ii) precipitation‐associated decrease in leaf canopy and consequent decrease in ET do not always increase streamflow and vice versa. The regulation of precipitation‐associated vegetation dynamics on streamflow is subject to initial soil water condition; (iii) vegetation‐associated shifts in plant transpiration play an important role in regulating soil water content and streamflow generation in the semiarid and arid mountain watershed; and (iv) the regulation of precipitation‐associated shift in leaf canopy on ET is more pronounced in the ridges of watershed than in valleys. In contrast, its regulation on subsurface flow generation is more remarkable in valleys than in the ridges of watershed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of unstructured curvilinear grids and high‐order discontinuous Galerkin discretization applied to a 3D high‐lift configuration
Authors: Hartmann Ralf , Leicht Tobias 
Published: December 2015

SummaryDiscontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods allow high‐order flow solutions on unstructured or locally refined meshes by increasing the polynomial degree and using curved instead of straight‐sided elements. However, one of the currently largest obstacles to applying these methods to aerodynamic configurations of medium to high complexity is the availability of appropriate higher‐order curved meshes.In this article, we describe a complete chain of higher‐order unstructured grid generation and higher‐order DG flow solution applied to a turbulent flow around a three‐dimensional high‐lift configuration. This includes (i) the generation of an appropriately coarse straight‐sided mesh; (ii) the evaluation of additional points on the computer‐aided design geometry of the curved‐wall boundary for defining a piecewise polynomial boundary representation; (iii) a higher order mesh deformation to translate the curvature from the wall boundary into the interior of the computational domain; and (iv) the description of a DG discretization, which is sufficiently stable to allow a flow computation on the resulting curved mesh. Finally, a fourth‐order flow solution of the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes and k‐ω turbulence model equations is computed on a fourth‐order unstructured hybrid mesh around the three‐dimensional high‐lift simulation of wing‐flow noise generation configuration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Merkel cell carcinoma: Do you know your guidelines?
Authors: Miles Brett A. , Goldenberg David ,   The Education Committee of the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS)
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a cutaneous neuroendocrine malignancy that exhibits clinically aggressive features and is associated with a poor prognosis. The incidence of MCC seems to be increasing for reasons unknown, and is estimated to be 0.32/100,000 in the United States.MethodsThis article will review the current literature and National Comprehensive Cancer Network practice guidelines in the treatment of MCC.ResultsResection of MCC with negative margins remains the mainstay of therapy. Positive nodal disease should be treated with neck dissection and adjuvant radiotherapy. High‐risk patients should undergo adjuvant radiotherapy, which improves oncologic outcomes. The role of chemotherapy is less clear and is currently reserved for advanced‐stage MCC and palliative therapy.ConclusionThe pathogenesis of MCC has recently been impacted with the discovery of the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Research to establish targeted and immunologic therapeutic options are ongoing. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015 © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 647–652, 2016
Sclerostin Antibody Treatment Improves the Bone Phenotype of Crtap–/– Mice, a Model of Recessive Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Grafe Ingo , Alexander Stefanie , Yang Tao , Lietman Caressa , Homan Erica P , Munivez Elda , Chen Yuqing , Jiang Ming Ming , Bertin Terry , Dawson Brian , Asuncion Franklin , Ke Hua Zhu , Ominsky Michael S , Lee Brendan 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized by low bone mass, poor bone quality, and fractures. Standard treatment for OI patients is limited to bisphosphonates, which only incompletely correct the bone phenotype, and seem to be less effective in adults. Sclerostin-neutralizing antibodies (Scl-Ab) have been shown to be beneficial in animal models of osteoporosis, and dominant OI resulting from mutations in the genes encoding type I collagen. However, Scl-Ab treatment has not been studied in models of recessive OI. Cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP) is involved in posttranslational type I collagen modification, and its loss of function results in recessive OI. In this study, we treated 1-week-old and 6-week-old Crtap–/– mice with Scl-Ab for 6 weeks (25 mg/kg, s.c., twice per week), to determine the effects on the bone phenotype in models of “pediatric” and “young adult” recessive OI. Vehicle-treated Crtap–/– and wild-type (WT) mice served as controls. Compared with control Crtap–/– mice, micro–computed tomography (μCT) analyses showed significant increases in bone volume and improved trabecular microarchitecture in Scl-Ab–treated Crtap–/– mice in both age cohorts, in both vertebrae and femurs. Additionally, Scl-Ab improved femoral cortical parameters in both age cohorts. Biomechanical testing showed that Scl-Ab improved parameters of whole-bone strength in Crtap–/– mice, with more robust effects in the week 6 to 12 cohort, but did not affect the increased bone brittleness. Additionally, Scl-Ab normalized the increased osteoclast numbers, stimulated bone formation rate (week 6 to 12 cohort only), but did not affect osteocyte density. Overall, our findings suggest that Scl-Ab treatment may be beneficial in the treatment of recessive OI caused by defects in collagen posttranslational modification. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Higher‐resolution MR elastography reveals early mechanical signatures of neuroinflammation in patients with clinically isolated syndrome
Authors: Fehlner Andreas , Behrens Janina Ruth , Streitberger Kaspar‐Josche , Papazoglou Sebastian , Braun Jürgen , Bellmann‐Strobl Judith , Ruprecht Klemens , Paul Friedemann , Würfel Jens , Sack Ingolf 
Published: December 2015

PurposeTo assess if higher‐resolution magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a technique that can measure the in vivo mechanical properties of brain tissue and is sensitive to early signatures of brain tissue degradation in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).Materials and MethodsSeventeen patients with CIS and 33 controls were investigated by MRE with a 3T MRI scanner. Full‐wave field data were acquired at seven drive frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. The spatially resolved higher‐resolution maps of magnitude |G*| and phase angle φ of the complex‐valued shear modulus were obtained in addition to springpot model parameters. These parameters were spatially averaged in white matter (WM) and whole‐brain regions and correlated with clinical and radiological parameters.ResultsSpatially resolved MRE revealed that CIS reduced WM viscoelasticity, independent of imaging markers of multiple sclerosis and clinical scores. |G*| was reduced by 14% in CIS (1.4 ± 0.2 kPa vs. 1.7 ± 0.2 kPa, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] [–0.4, –0.1] kPa), while φ (0.66 ± 0.04 vs. 0.67 ± 0.04, P = 0.65, 95% CI [–0.04, 0.02]) remained unaltered. Springpot‐based shear elasticity showed only a trend of CIS‐related reduction (3.4 ± 0.5 kPa vs. 3.7 ± 0.5 kPa, P = 0.06, 95% CI [–0.6, 0.02] kPa) in the whole brain.ConclusionWe demonstrate that CIS leads to significantly reduced elasticity of brain parenchyma, raising the prospect of using MRE as an imaging marker for subtle and diffuse tissue damage in neuroinflammatory diseases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:51–58.
Evolvement of a warfarin medication therapy adherence clinic in Malaysia and its impact on international normalised ratio control over time
Authors: Aidit Salihah , Shaharuddin Shazwani , Neoh Chin Fen , Ming Long Chiau 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWarfarin is a drug of narrow therapeutic index, and the use of this agent for anticoagulation requires close monitoring to ensure efficacious treatment and to prevent serious adverse effects such as haemorrhagic complications. Evidence suggests that pharmacist‐led anticoagulation services may be an effective means to manage warfarin anticoagulation. This report describes experience of the Malaysian context regarding the operations of a warfarin medication therapy adherence clinic.
Changes in the body image of bone sarcoma survivors following surgical treatment—A qualitative study
Authors: Fauske Lena , Lorem Geir , Grov Ellen K. , Bondevik Hilde 
Published: December 2015

Background and ObjectivesAmong several long‐term effects, people treated for cancer may experience an altered appearance. Our study aims to identify how visible body changes following surgical treatment affect the life and identity of primary bone sarcoma survivors 3–10 years after diagnosis. A qualitative, phenomenological, and hermeneutic design was applied.MethodsSarcoma survivors (n = 18) who were previously treated at Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, participated in the study. In‐depth and semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThe main finding of this study concerned how altered appearance after bone cancer treatment in the hip/pelvis or lower extremities affected the participants’ self‐esteem. Half of the participants expressed concerns about their visible differences, particularly those with functional impairment. They felt that it is important to hide the bodily signs of changes to appear as normal as possible, as well as attractive and healthy. They describe, with specific examples, how these changes influence their self‐realization, especially their social life.ConclusionsHealthcare providers who guide bone sarcoma survivors during follow‐up should develop a comprehensive understanding of what it means to cope with a changed and challenging body. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:229–234. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Surgical Oncology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clozapine in Parkinsonian Rest Tremor: A Review of Outcomes, Adverse Reactions, and Possible Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Yaw Tay Kay , Fox Susan H. , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe pathogenesis of rest tremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) is incompletely understood. This symptom can be resistant to typical anti‐PD medications. Therefore, new treatments are needed given the concern that this symptom causes to patients and family. Limited experience suggests that clozapine can have an important antitremor effect in PD. The mechanism(s) underlying this effect is not well understood, but could provide insight and impetus to the development of more‐effective and safer antitremor therapies.Methods and ResultsExemplifying the antitremor effects of clozapine, we describe a patient with tremor‐predominant PD who obtained prominent reduction of rest tremor with clozapine treatment. We review the responses to this treatment in another 7 of our PD patients with treatment‐resistant rest tremor. We also review the published literature on clozapine for tremor in PD and discuss its potential mechanisms of action and possible adverse effects. In our case series, there was a 64% reduction of tremor score after clozapine was initiated. The mechanism of tremor reduction remains unclear with possible involvement of anticholinergic, serotonergic, antihistaminergic, antiadrenergic, and antidopaminergic effects. Clozapine does have potential serious adverse effects.ConclusionsClozapine may be effective in controlling rest tremor in PD. Given the potential fatal side effects, if clozapine is to be initiated in PD patients, it has to be used cautiously with proper monitoring, preferably in specialized centers. We acknowledge that the number of patients in this case series is small. Further studies are needed to understand clozapine's mechanism of action in reducing tremor.
The Therapeutic Potential of Exercise to Improve Mood, Cognition, and Sleep in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Reynolds Gretchen O. , Otto Michael W. , Ellis Terry D. , Cronin‐Golomb Alice 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn addition to the classic motor symptoms, Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with a variety of nonmotor symptoms that significantly reduce quality of life, even in the early stages of the disease. There is an urgent need to develop evidence‐based treatments for these symptoms, which include mood disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, and sleep disruption. We focus here on exercise interventions, which have been used to improve mood, cognition, and sleep in healthy older adults and clinical populations, but to date have primarily targeted motor symptoms in PD. We synthesize the existing literature on the benefits of aerobic exercise and strength training on mood, sleep, and cognition as demonstrated in healthy older adults and adults with PD, and suggest that these types of exercise offer a feasible and promising adjunct treatment for mood, cognition, and sleep difficulties in PD. Across stages of the disease, exercise interventions represent a treatment strategy with the unique ability to improve a range of nonmotor symptoms while also alleviating the classic motor symptoms of the disease. Future research in PD should include nonmotor outcomes in exercise trials with the goal of developing evidence‐based exercise interventions as a safe, broad‐spectrum treatment approach to improve mood, cognition, and sleep for individuals with PD. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
ADSCs in a fibrin matrix enhance nerve regeneration after epineural suturing in a rat model
Authors: Reichenberger Matthias A. , Mueller Wolf , Hartmann Jennifer , Diehm Yannick , Lass Ulrike , Koellensperger Eva , Leimer Uwe , Germann Günter , Fischer Sebastian 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundDue to their unique properties, adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) obtain promising potential to enhance nerve regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate if fibrin‐glue embedded ADSCs were a beneficial adjunct to primary coaptation in a rat sciatic nerve model. Materials and methods: Fifty male Lewis rats underwent sciatic nerve transection and subsequent epineural suture repair. The treatment group received ADSCs re‐suspended in fibrin glue, while the control group received fibrin glue only. After 7, 21, 35, and 63 days, analysis involved axon count, myelin sheath thickness as well as N‐ and G‐ratios. Additionally, muscle weight quotient (operated vs. non‐operated site of the same animal) was calculated and compared between treatment and control groups. For co‐detection of vital ADSCs, vessel walls, and Schwann cells, immunolabeling was performed with CM‐DiI, SMA, and S‐100 antibodies, respectively. Results: ADSCs led to a significant increase of myelinization at day 21 (0.508 ± 0.085 μm vs. 0.381 ± 0.044 μm, P = 0.025) and day 35 (0.872 ± 0.09 µm vs. 0.495 ± 0.078 µm; P = 0.01) after surgery. Axon count was significantly increased at day 21 (420 ± 119 vs. 129 ± 63; P = 0.003) and day 63 (284 ± 137 vs. 111 ± 26; P = 0.046) after surgery. N‐ and G‐ratios were significantly different compared with control indicating enhanced nerve regeneration due to ADSC treatment at each time point (P < 0.05). Muscle weight quotient was significantly higher in the treatment group compared with the control at day 21 (44.01% ± 6.16% vs. 35.03% ± 2.61%; P = 0.014) and day 63 (65.49% ± 2.81% vs. 58.79% ± 4.06%; P = 0.009) after surgery. Co‐detection of immunolabeled cells showed vital ADSCs at the neuronal repair site and in close proximity to intraneuronal vessels indicating active participation of ADSCs in the process of nerve regeneration and associated angiogenesis. Conclusion: ADSCs embedded in a fibrin matrix can significantly enhance regeneration of peripheral nerve injuries after primary coaptation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:491–500, 2016.
A cluster of many small holes with negative imaginary surface impedances may generate a negative refraction index
Authors: Alsaedi Ahmed , Ahmad Bashir , Challa Durga Prasad , Kirane Mokhtar , Sini Mourad 
Published: December 2015

We deal with the scattering of an acoustic medium modeled by an index of refraction n varying in a bounded region Ω of
and equal to unity outside Ω. This region is perforated with an extremely large number of small holes Dm's of maximum radius a, a << 1, modeled by surface impedance functions. Precisely, we are in the regime described by the number of holes of the order M:=O(aβ − 2), the minimum distance between the holes is d ∼ at, and the surface impedance functions of the form λm∼λm,0a−β with β > 0 and λm,0 being constants and eventually complex numbers. Under some natural conditions on the parameters β,t, and λm,0, we characterize the equivalent medium generating approximately the same scattered waves as the original perforated acoustic medium. We give an explicit error estimate between the scattered waves generated by the perforated medium and the equivalent one, respectively, as a→0. As applications of these results, we discuss the following findings:

If we choose negative‐valued imaginary surface impedance functions, attached to each surface of the holes, then the equivalent medium behaves as a passive acoustic medium only if it is an acoustic metamaterial with index of refraction $\tilde {n}(x)=‐n(x),\; x \in \upOmega $ñ(x)=−n(x),x∈Ω and $\tilde {n}(x)=1,\; x \in \mathbb {R}^{3}\setminus {\overline {\upOmega }}$ñ(x)=1,x∈R3∖Ω¯. This means that with this process, we can switch the sign of the index of the refraction from positive to negative values.
We can choose the surface impedance functions attached to each surface of the holes so that the equivalent index of refraction $\tilde {n}$ñ is $\tilde {n}(x)=1,\; x \in \mathbb {R}^{3}$ñ(x)=1,x∈R3. This means that the region Ω modeled by the original index of refraction n is approximately cloaked.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced processing and simulation of MRS data using the FID appliance (FID‐A)—An open source, MATLAB‐based toolkit
Authors: Simpson Robin , Devenyi Gabriel A. , Jezzard Peter , Hennessy T. Jay , Near Jamie 
Published: December 2015

PurposeTo introduce a new toolkit for simulation and processing of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data, and to demonstrate some of its novel features.MethodsThe FID appliance (FID‐A) is an open‐source, MATLAB‐based software toolkit for simulation and processing of MRS data. The software is designed specifically for processing data with multiple dimensions (eg, multiple radiofrequency channels, averages, spectral editing dimensions). It is equipped with functions for importing data in the formats of most major MRI vendors (eg, Siemens, Philips, GE, Agilent) and for exporting data into the formats of several common processing software packages (eg, LCModel, jMRUI, Tarquin). This paper introduces the FID‐A software toolkit and uses examples to demonstrate its novel features, namely 1) the use of a spectral registration algorithm to carry out useful processing routines automatically, 2) automatic detection and removal of motion‐corrupted scans, and 3) the ability to perform several major aspects of the MRS computational workflow from a single piece of software. This latter feature is illustrated through both high‐level processing of in vivo GABA‐edited MEGA‐PRESS MRS data, as well as detailed quantum mechanical simulations to generate an accurate LCModel basis set for analysis of the same data.ResultsAll of the described processing steps resulted in a marked improvement in spectral quality compared with unprocessed data. Fitting of MEGA‐PRESS data using a customized basis set resulted in improved fitting accuracy compared with a generic MEGA‐PRESS basis set.ConclusionsThe FID‐A software toolkit enables high‐level processing of MRS data and accurate simulation of in vivo MRS experiments. Magn Reson Med 77:23–33, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.