bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mazer’s theory application in Bi4Ge3O12:V
Authors: Petkova P. , Vasilev P. , Bedzhev B. , Belcheva R. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The recent development of coherent light amplifiers and oscillators, now generally referred to as optical masers “or lasers,” has made feasible a host of new uses and applications of electromagnetic wave energy in the optical portion of the spectrum. Furthermore, the high degree of monochromaticity obtainable from an optical maser makes it a useful tool for spectroscopic investigations as well as for stimulating various types of chemical and physical reactions. The effect of vanadium doping transforms Bi4Ge3O12 single crystals into optical maser. This result can be observed after thermoluminescence at 556 nm.
The regional approach and regional studies method in the process of geography teaching
Authors: Dermendzhieva Stela , Doikov Martin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We define the regional approach as a manner of relations among the global trends of development of the “Society-man-nature” system and the local differentiating level of knowledge. Conditionally, interactions interlace under the influence of the character of Geography as a science, education, approaches, goals and teaching methods.
Global, national and local development differentiates in three concentric circles at the level of knowledge. It is determined as a conception of modern, complex and effective mechanism for young people, through which knowledge develops in regional historical and cultural perspective; self-consciousness for socio-economic and cultural integration is formed as a part of the. historical-geographical image of the native land. This way an attitude to the. native land is formed as a connecting construct between patriotism to the motherland and the same in global aspect.
The possibility for integration and cooperation of the educative geographical content with all the local historical-geographical, regional, profession orientating, artistic, municipal and district institutions, is outlined.
Contemporary geographical education appears to be a powerful and indispensable mechanism for organization of human sciences, while the regional approach and the application of the regional studies method stimulate and motivate the development and realization of optimal capacities for direct connection with the local structures and environments.
Expectations of the Educational Reform of High School Geography
Authors: Vladeva Rositsa 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The study is an attempt to present the latest developments in legislation for implementation of the reform in geographic education in secondary school. Through conducted survey has been taken into account the views and expectations of teachers of Geography and Economics in terms of the new law, a framework curriculum, State educational standards and curricula. Expectations of educational reform are formulated as positive and negative sides. Referred to a recommendation for overcoming some of the problems were identified.
Climate Change, Risks and Natural Resources didactic issues of educational content geography of Bulgaria and the world in 9th and 10th grade
Authors: Dermendzhieva Stela , Nejdet Semra 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to follow “Climate change, risks and Natural Resources“ in the curriculum of Geography of Bulgaria and the world in 9th and 10th grade and to interpret some didactic aspects.
Analysis of key themes, concepts and categories related to the environment, events and approaches to environmental protection and the environmentally sound development of sectors of the economy is didikticheski targeted. Considering the emergence and development of geo-ecological issues, their scope and their importance to the environment, systematize some species and some approaches to solving them.
Geography education in grade 9 and 10 involves acquiring knowledge, developing skills and composing behaviors of objective perception and assessment of the reality of globed, regional and local aspect.
The emerging consumer and individualistic culture snowballing globalization, are increasingly occurring global warming, declining biodiversity form new realities which education must respond appropriately.
The objective, consistency, accessibility and relevance in real terms are meaningful, logical accents. Whether and how reproduced in the study of Geography of Bulgaria and the world is the subject of research study in this report.
Geoecological structuring of topics, concepts and categories can be done in different signs. In terms of their scope are local, national or regional, and global. Matter and interdisciplinary approach, which is to reveal the unity of the “man-society-nature” to clarify the complexity of their character with a view to forming a harmonious personality with high Geoecological consciousness and culture, and the activities carried out in their study.
Regionality – Language – Internet
Authors: Pásztor-Kicsi Mária 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Internet has a strong influence on our daily communication and language use. Its continuous growing makes us face the world characterized by networks of connections that span multi-continental distances. The metaphor of global village seems to be not merely a futuristic theory, but pure reality. People can communicate worldwide with each other, reach all kinds of information to get up-to-date, as long as they respect the basic demand of globalization, which means the use of a common language (i.e. English). But this tendency hides a serious issue if we try to observe globalization from the aspect of local and regional cultures and languages, especially those in minority position. The study deals with the language use of the Hungarian minority in Vojvodina, with special focus on Netspeak and the regional features of language forms used on the Internet. It also analyses the attitudes of a group of students towards the influence of the Internet on speech and language. This part of the survey is based on questionnaires.
Pseudo-realia in the Romanian Translations of Various Hungarian Institutions and in the Hungarian Translations of Romanian Public Administration Terms
Authors: Zopus Andras 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
My presentation addresses an issue translators of Romanian–Hungarian legal and economic texts encounter almost day by day. Each field of translation is special in its kind, but translating legal/economic texts requires an especially accurate knowledge of the acts, laws, and concepts of both the source and target language since this is essential for the translated text to be really a quality, professional, and – last but not least – an intelligible one to the target-language audience, i.e. the customers.
An Evergreen Challenge for Translators – The Translation of Idioms
Authors: Kovács Gabriella 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Translating idioms has always been a challenging decision-making process for translators mainly because not all idioms have direct equivalents in the target language. Translators usually and ideally have a solid knowledge of the target language and its cultural aspects, but even so they cannot match the ability of a native speaker in deciding when – i.e. in what context and text type – an idiom would or would not be appropriate. This study aims to explore the main characteristics of idioms and the difficulties which might occur when translating them. A needs analysis will also be presented, where the various solutions which a group of translator trainees chose while translating certain idioms from the novel “A Game of Thrones” by George R. R. Martin into Hungarian are examined. Their strategies and the appropriateness of their choices are analysed and compared with the options of the experienced literary translator (Tamás Pétersz). We consider this an important endeavour because, based on our experience, we believe that the topic of the translation of idioms should be included into the curriculum and appropriate materials and tasks should be designed to develop the translator trainees’ knowledge and skills in this domain. Therefore, the aim of this analysis is to obtain a clearer view of the difficulties they are dealing with and bear them in mind when designing teaching materials for them.
Organized Chaos: Cohesive Devices in Benjy’s Sections of William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury
Authors: Farkas Aliz 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
As the history of criticism on The Sound and the Fury proves it, Benjy’s section is probably the most controversial part of the novel. Some literary critics and writers celebrated it as an excellent piece of literary art, the peak of writerly performance, while others felt confused and irritated over the trials it posed to the reader.
Although critical voices that reproach the writer for the incoherence of Benjy’s narrative may be justified at first sight, a closer inspection reveals that it is much less incoherent than it appears. In my paper, I will argue that there are several ways in which the author helps the reader to construct a more or less coherent story line out of the fragmented events that happened in the course of about thirty years. Secondly, I want to demonstrate that functional-semantic approaches to text analysis, such as Systemic Functional Grammar or Text Linguistics, can be effectively employed in analysing and interpreting literary texts. Finally, I try to find a psychological explanation of how Benjy’s incoherence is made readable by the interworking between the coherence-seeking dispositions of the reader and the ingenious cohesive devices used by the writer.
Die ersten skandinavischen Bibelübersetzungen und ihre soziokulturellen Auswirkungen
Authors: Kelemen Attila 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The first Scandinavian Bible translations and their socio-cultural impact. The present paper deals with the first complete Bible translations into the Scandinavian languages and with the socio-cultural impact of these. Using the comparative method and making use of the research results of linguistic disciplines like language history and sociolinguistics, but also of other disciplines like history and cultural history, we try the prove that, in spite of the similarities of the Scandinavian languages, the different historical-political circumstances lead to differing evolution of the national languages, and implicitly of the national cultures. In this context, the translation of the Bible into the national languages at different point in time turned out to be decisive.
A Critical Look at the Subjective and Objective Purposes of Contract in Aharon Barak’s Theory of Interpretation
Authors: Mirić Marija Karanikić 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Sometimes parties to a contract agree on the wording of the contract, but disagree about its meaning. In such cases, the goal of purposive interpretation is to identify a legal meaning, within the limits of the language actually used, which best achieves the purpose of the contract in question. This paper presents the main features of Justice Aharon Barak’s theory of purposive interpretation of contracts, and examines his notions of subjective and objective purposes. Barak’s theory demands, at some point along the process of interpretation, that the judge determine the actual joint intent of the parties, as it was at the time of their entering into the contract, and in the situation where the parties themselves disagree over it. This requires a posterior inquiry into the true state of mind of other persons. The past intentions of others are regarded as historical-subjective psycho-biological facts. The author questions what goes on behind this subjective rhetoric, starting from the presumption that the inner reality of another person’s will, i.e. their past or present intentions, cannot be learned as a physical reality, but only as a socially constructed fact. Furthermore, the author examines the seemingly unwanted merging of Barak’s subjective purpose of contract with his objective purposes of contract at the lower levels of abstraction.
Safety Risks Assessment and Security Evaluation of Manufacturing Entities
Authors: Kováčová Lucia , Lošonczi Peter , Vacková Martina , Nečas Pavel , Reitšpís Josef 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The article deals with security as a scientific discipline dealing with the assessment of the technical condition of machineries, hazards identification and risks assessment which could lead to fatal consequences. Article highlights the importance of using methods of risk assessment as well as the importance of the security evaluation in manufacturing companies. This article provides an overview of the most widely used risk assessment methods and specifically referred to point method, which is one of the most widely used risk assessment methods.
Manifestation Forms of Intense Muscle Efforts and Factors Influencing the Development of Strength Motor Capacity
Authors: Stănciulescu Robert 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Physical training, a component of the sports training aims, besides the development of morphological and functional indexes of the body and mastering a rich system of motor skills and capabilities, the development and improvement of the basic motor qualities at high performance parameters. Most motor activities require the endowment of athletes with possibilities to make intensive efforts in a very short period of time. Therefore, the issue that is focusing on the study of this field is very important for achieving the targeted performance.
Mixed spinel-type Ni-Co-Mn oxides: synthesis, structure and catalytic properties
Authors: Sadovskaya Ekaterina M. , Frolov Dmitry D. , Goncharov Vladimir B. , Fedorova Anna A. , Morozov Igor V. , Klyushin Alexander Yu. , Vinogradov Alexander S. , Smal Ekaterina A. , Sadykov Vladislav A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMixed spinel-type oxides Co
Troodos ophiolite mantle section exposed along Atalante Geo-Trail, Troodos Geopark, Cyprus
Authors: Bukała Michał , Zboińska Katarzyna , Szadkowski Mateusz 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The following paper presents the field trip through the unique mantle sequence composed of peridotites and exposed along Atalante Geo-Trail in Troodos Geopark, Cyprus. This manuscript briefly summarises data from many papers and presents authors’ own field observations, in order to provide information on evolution of enigmatic Troodos mantle peridotites.
Pollution indicators in groundwater of two agricultural catchments in Lower Silesia (Poland)
Authors: Kasperczyk Lidia , Modelska Magdalena , Staśko Stanisław 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The article discusses the content and source of mineral nitrogen compounds in groundwater, based on the data collected in two river catchments in two series (spring and autumn 2014). The study area comprises two catchments located in Lower Silesia, Poland - Cicha Woda and Sąsiecznica. Both catchments are characterised agricultural character of development. In the both researched areas, the points of State Environmental Monitoring (SEM) are located but only the Cicha Woda area is classified as nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ). To analyse and compare the contamination of Quaternary and Neogene aquifers, the concentration of nitrates, nitrites, ammonium and potassium ions was measured primarily. Results showed the exceedance of nitrogen mineral forms of shallow groundwater Quaternary aquifer in both basins. The concentration of nitrates range from 0.08 to 142.12 mgNO3 −−/dm3 (Cicha Woda) and from 2.6 to 137.65 mg NO3 −−/dm3 (Sąsiecznica). The major source of pollution is probably the intensive agriculture activity. It causes a degradation of the shallow groundwater because of nitrate, nitrite, potassium, phosphates and ammonium contents. There was no observed contamination of anthropogenic origin in the deeper Neogene aquifer of Cicha Woda catchment.
Aspect of the degradation and adsorption kinetics of atrazine and metolachlor in andisol soil
Authors: Jaikaew P. , Malhat F. , Boulange J. , Watanabe H. 
Published: February 2017

Summary
The degradation kinetics and sorption characteristics of atrazine and metolachlor in Japanese andisol soil were evaluated using laboratory incubation of soil samples. The water content of the soil was set to field capacity while three different temperatures (5, 25 and 35°C) were considered for the experiment. First order model fitted the degradation kinetics of both herbicides under the investigated temperature range with half-lives ranging from 19.2 to 46.9 days for atrazine and from 23.4 to 66.9 days for metolachlor, respectively. The activation energies (Ea) of atrazine and metolachlor calculated using Arhenius equation were 21.47 and 23.91 kJ mol−1, respectively. The soil sorption study was conducted using the batch equilibrium process. The adsorption behaviors of atrazine and metolachlor were investigated using linear, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms although the linear and Freundlich isotherms gave relatively high correlation coefficient (R2
) and very low standard error of estimate (SEE). The free energy (ΔG°) values were in the range −30.6 to −32.0 kJ/mol, and −32.1 to −41.5 kJ/mol for atrazine and metolachlor, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic accompanied by increase in entropy. The understanding of atrazine and metolachlor sorption processes is essential to determine the pesticide fate and availability in soil for pest control, biodegradation, runoff and leaching.
Rhizobacteria cooperative effect againstMeloidogyne javanicain rhizosphere of legume seedlings
Authors: Tabatabaei F.-S. , Saeedizadeh A. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryRoot-knot nematodes are major pests of legume fields in Iran. This research evaluated the effect ofRhizobium leguminosarumbv.phaseoliandPseudomonas fluorescensCHA0 (stand alone and combination treatment) on galling and reproduction of root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne javanica,in legum (chickpea, bean, lentil, pea) seedling rhizosphere, and the growth properties of the host plants. The legumes seeds were sown in 1kg sterilized sandy loam soil. Inocula were 5 J2/g of soil, in the case of the nematode, while considering the bacteria 1×107cfu/kg soil. A treatment of nematicide (cadusafos) was performed, as a commonly used nematicide in Iran, at 2g/kg soil. Two months after inoculation, the following parameters were recorded: the number of knots, egg masses and reproduction factor of the nematode, bacterial nodules per root, and growth properties of seedlings in the treatments (control, nematode, nematode+nematicide, and nematode+rhizobacteria). The greatest bacterial effect on the control of the nematode was observed in the rhizosphere of the bean treatments. Inoculation withRhizobiumin the soil decreased the galling on the legumes’ roots, and the combined inoculation withPseudomonasandRhizobiumresulted in a higher decrease of the galling.
Comprehensive ripeness-index for prediction of ripening level in mangoes by multivariate modelling of ripening behaviour
Authors: Eyarkai Nambi Vijayaram , Thangavel Kuladaisamy , Manickavasagan Annamalai , Shahir Sultan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Prediction of ripeness level in climacteric fruits is essential for post-harvest handling. An index capable of predicting ripening level with minimum inputs would be highly beneficial to the handlers, processors and researchers in fruit industry. A study was conducted with Indian mango cultivars to develop a ripeness index and associated model. Changes in physicochemical, colour and textural properties were measured throughout the ripening period and the period was classified into five stages (unripe, early ripe, partially ripe, ripe and over ripe). Multivariate regression techniques like partial least square regression, principal component regression and multi linear regression were compared and evaluated for its prediction. Multi linear regression model with 12 parameters was found more suitable in ripening prediction. Scientific variable reduction method was adopted to simplify the developed model. Better prediction was achieved with either 2 or 3 variables (total soluble solids, colour and acidity). Cross validation was done to increase the robustness and it was found that proposed ripening index was more effective in prediction of ripening stages. Three-variable model would be suitable for commercial applications where reasonable accuracies are sufficient. However, 12-variable model can be used to obtain more precise results in research and development applications.
Physical and chemical characterization of masa and tortillas from parental lines, crosses, and one hybrid
Authors: Valderrama-Bravo C. , Domínguez-Pacheco A. , Hernández-Aguilar C. , Zepeda-Bautista R. , del Real-López A. , Pahua-Ramos M.E. , Arellano-Vázquez J.L. , Moreno-Martínez E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In maize plant breeding aimed at producing a hybrid, it is necessary to characterize the parents and hybrids by their agronomic aspects and grain quality so that the processing industry may offer consumers a quality product and also improve its efficiency. This study evaluated the viscoelastic parameters of masa and the chemical and texture properties of tortillas obtained from parent lines (M-54, M55, and CML-242), two single crosses (M54xM55 and M55xM54), and one hybrid (H-70). The morphology of the maize grains and tortillas was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The firmness of masa obtained from CML-242 and H-70 maize was higher than that from the other maize genotypes. M-54 tortillas showed the lowest crude fiber content. Otherwise, tortillas obtained from the M55xM54 hard grain had the lowest fat content and extensibility, while H-70 tortillas showed an intermediate breaking point and extensibility. M-54 and M54xM55 tortillas were softer due to their more swollen starch granules. In contrast, rigid tortillas were obtained from CML-242 and H-70. Grain hardness causes different morphology in starch and tortilla of maize genotypes. However, grain hardness did not influence the characteristics of texture in tortillas.
Utilization of vegetable dumplings waste from industrial production by anaerobic digestion
Authors: Pilarska Agnieszka A. , Pilarski Krzysztof , Ryniecki Antoni , Tomaszyk Kamila , Dach Jacek , Wolna-Maruwka Agnieszka 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper provides the analysis of results of biogas and methane yield for vegetable dumplings waste: dough with fat, vegetable waste, and sludge from the clarifier. Anaerobic digestion of food waste used in the experiments was stable after combining the substrates with a digested pulp composed of maize silage and liquid manure (as inoculum), at suitable ratios. The study was carried out in a laboratory scale using anaerobic batch reactors, at controlled (mesophilic) temperature and pH conditions. The authors present the chemical reactions accompanying biodegradation of the substrates and indicate the chemical compounds which may lead to acidification during the anaerobic digestion. An anaerobic digestion process carried out with the use of a dough-and-fat mixture provided the highest biogas and methane yields. The following yields were obtained in terms of fresh matter: 242.89 m3 Mg−1 for methane and 384.38 m3 Mg−1 for biogas, and in terms of volatile solids: 450.73 m3 Mg−1 for methane and 742.40 m3 Mg−1 for biogas. Vegetables and sludge from the clarifier (as fresh matter) provided much lower yields.