bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Para uma arte afirmativa, o exercício da liberdade: a problemática do espectador conforme Frederico Morais
Authors: Chagas Tamara Silva 
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo trata de uma pesquisa teórica que visa delinear a emergência de um espectador atuante, elemento constituinte da obra, durante a pós-modernidade, e destacar a contribuição do crítico de arte Frederico Morais para tal debate. Usamos como referencial teórico textos do crítico citado, de Brian O’Doherty (2002) e de Herbert Marcuse (2005). Veremos que, para Morais, a experiência criativa do público, em contato com as propostas engajadas da arteguerrilha (em plena vigência do AI-5), poderia instigar o espectador a tomar um posicionamento diante da conjuntura política do país à época. Morais, em consonância com as reflexões de Herbert Marcuse, defendeu a imersão do público no ato criador como um exercício libertário capaz de retirar o espectador-sujeito de estruturas sociais excludentes. AbstractThis article is a theoretical research that aims to trace the emergence of an active spectator as an element of the artwork during post-modernity and highlight the contribution of the Brazilian art critic Frederico Morais for this debate. We use as referential some texts written by Frederico Morais, Brian O'Doherty and Herbert Marcuse. We will see that, according to Morais, the creative experience of the public could instigate him to take a position on the Brazilian political situation. Morais, in line with Herbert Marcuse’s texts, defends the public's immersion in the creative act as a libertarian exercise that can free the spectator of exclusionary social structures. ResumenEl presente artículo se centra en una investigación teórica que tiene el objetivo de esquematizar la manifestación de un espectador actuante, elemento constituyente de la obra, durante la posmodernidad, y destacar el aporte del crítico de arte brasileño Federico Morais para dicho debate. Como referencial teórico, utilizamos textos del mencionado crítico, de Brian O’Doherty (2002) y de Herbert Marcuse (2005). Percibiremos que, para Morais, la experiencia creativa del público, en contacto con las propuestas comprometidas del arte-guerrilla (en plena vigencia de la Dictadura Militar en Brasil - AI-5) podría instigar al espectador a posicionarse ante la coyuntura política del país en aquella la época. Morais, en concordancia con las reflexiones de Herbert Marcuse, defendió la inmersión del público en el acto creador, como un ejercicio libertario capaz extraer al espectador-sujeto de estructuras sociales excluyentes.
Entre bandeiras e mantos: Aparecida e a identidade nacional brasileira
Authors: Moreira Fuviane Galdino 
Published: December 2017

Nas vestes das esculturas sacras se veem bandeiras nacionais, a exemplo do manto atual de Nossa Senhora Aparecida, a padroeira do Brasil desde o Governo nacionalista de Getúlio Vargas. Essas bandeiras celebram uma conformidade nacional e unem a arte sacra à política e à cultura. Aqui, leremos as vestimentas da estatuária cristã à luz das relações entre a Igreja Católica e o Estado, mediadas pelo tecido como um artefato estético, político e religioso. AbstractIn the vestments of the sacred sculptures we see national flags, such as the current mantle of Our Lady Aparecida, the patroness of Brazil, since Getulio Vargas’ nationalist government. These flags celebrate a national conformity and the sacred art and the national flags, tying religion, politics and culture. Here, we will read the vestments of the Christian statuary in the Catholic Church and the State, mediated by the fabric as an aesthetic, political and religious artifact. ResumenEn los vestuarios de las esculturas sagradas se observan banderas nacionales, a ejemplo del manto actual de Nossa Senhora Aparecida, la patrona del Brasil desde el gobierno nacionalista de Getúlio Vargas. Esas banderas celebran una armonía nacional y mezclan el arte sagrado, la política y la cultura. Aquí analizaremos los trajes de la escultura cristiana a la luz de las relaciones entre la Iglesia Católica y el Estado intermediadas por el tejido como un artefacto estético, político y religioso.
FOUCAULT E GOFFMAN: EM TORNO DE INSTITUIÇÕES E PODERES
Authors: Miranda Heraldo De Cristo 
Published: December 2017

O objetivo do referido trabalho é propor uma breve reflexão acerca do empreendimento foucaultiano e a tradição do Interacionismo simbólico, em especial, Erving Goffman. Neste último, recolocam-se as questões ligadas à relação do indivíduo e suas instituições. Reabre-se, da mesma forma, a possibilidade de um diálogo com os “enfrentamentos” de Foucault e Goffman quanto à ideia de <em>instituição total</em>, bem como quanto ao tema do poder. Tentar-se-á organizar o percurso deste enfrentamento, eminentemente, por meio de três categorias de textos produzidos por Foucault na década de 1970: livros, cursos realizados no <em>Collège de France</em> e algumas palestras, conferências, etc. condensadas nos chamados <em>Dits et Écrits</em>. A questão a ser respondida aqui é quais as características desta leitura de Foucault em torno das ideias de Goffman? Se, por um lado, Goffman se interessa pelo funcionamento de certo tipo de instituição: a instituição total – asilo, escola, prisão, por outro lado, Foucault tenta mostrar e analisar a relação que existe entre um conjunto de técnicas de poder e de formas políticas como o Estado
O QUE HÁ ENTRE CRISTIANISMO, ÉTICA E MUNDO MODERNO?
Authors: Provinciatto Luís Gabriel 
Published: December 2017

<p>Tomando como ponto de partida a obra <em>Eu sou a Verdade: por uma filosofia do cristianismo</em>, de autoria do filósofo francês Michel Henry (1922-2002), este trabalho se ocupa em compreender como é possível estabelecer uma relação entre três temas centrais aí presentes, a saber: cristianismo, ética e mundo moderno. Não se trata, obviamente, de uma ligação evidente entre temas, sendo um a consequência de outro. A proposta de Henry é, partindo do campo fenomenológico, buscar as intuições fundantes do cristianismo, fazendo um retorno às fontes do Novo Testamento. A intenção deste trabalho, então, é apresentar uma leitura crítica do texto, mostrando ao leitor algumas nuances presentes nas entrelinhas da obra, tais como: a perspectiva fenomenológica empregada por Henry, a possibilidade de uma crítica recíproca entre cristianismo e mundo moderno e a importância da <em>práxis</em> nesse resgate da fonte cristã, donde a fundação de uma ética. </p>
Endringsbehov i norsk yrkesopplæring? - Elevers, lærlingers og yrkesfaglæreres erfaringer med yrkesopplæring i Vg1
Authors: Bødtker-Lund Daniel , Hansen Kari Henriette , Haaland Grete , Vagle Inger 
Published: December 2017

Artikkelen belyser hvordan opplæringens innhold i Vg1 erfares av elever, lærlinger og lærere, som grunnlag for vurdering av endringsbehov i norsk yrkesopplæring. Problemstillingen artikkelen gir svar på er: Hvordan fungerer Vg1 yrkesfaglig utdanningsprogram for elever med ulike yrkesvalg?Bakgrunnen for studien artikkelen bygger på er at en strukturendring er på trappene i norsk yrkesopplæring. Kunnskapsdepartementet har brukt en rekke eksperter i forarbeidet, uten at elever og yrkesfaglærere har vært involvert i nevneverdig grad. Vi ønsker å bringe fram elevers og læreres stemmer.Teoriforankringen er knyttet til forhold som har betydning for elevers motivasjon, mestring og læring, samt nasjonale føringer, mål og hensikt med yrkesopplæringen. Metodene i forskningsarbeidet er elektronisk spørreundersøkelse blant elever i Vg1 og Vg2, samt lærlinger i de yrkesfaglige utdanningsprogrammene og semistrukturerte intervjuer med yrkesfaglærere.Et hovedfunn er at opplæringen i Vg1 ikke samsvarer med elevenes ulike læringsbehov, og heller ikke med de nasjonale føringene for yrkesopplæringen. Vg1 bør gjennomgå store endringer, basert på elevenes og lærernes erfaringer, for å sikre yrkesrelevant opplæring for elever med ulike utdanningsplaner og yrkesinteresser.
Agricultural constraints on microbial resource use and niche breadth in drainage ditches
Authors: Hunting Ellard R. , Barmentlo S. Henrik , Schrama Maarten , van Bodegom Peter M. , Zhai Yujia , Vijver Martina G. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundMicroorganisms govern important ecosystems processes, in particular the degradation of organic matter (OM). However, microorganisms are rarely considered in efforts to monitor ecosystem health and functioning. Evidence suggests that environmental perturbations can adversely affect microbial communities and their ability to use available substrates. However, whether impacted microbial efficiencies in extracting and utilizing the available resources (resource niche breadth) translate to changes in OM degradation in natural systems remains poorly understood.MethodsHere we evaluated effects of differences in OM related to agricultural land use (OM derived from ditches adjacent to grasslands, bulb fields and a pristine dune area) on microbial functioning. We specifically assessed (1) resource niche breadths of microbial communities during initial community assembly in laboratory microcosms and already established natural communities, and (2) how changes in community resource niche breadth translates to the degradation of natural OM.ResultsA disparity existed between microbial resource niche breadth in laboratory incubations and natural microbial communities. Resource utilization and niche breadth of natural microbial communities was observed to be constrained in drainage ditches adjacent to agricultural fields. This outcome coincides with retarded degradation of natural OM collected from ditches adjacent to hyacinth bulb fields. Microbial communities in bulb field ditches further showed functional redundancy when offered grassland OM of seemingly higher substrate quality.DiscussionResults presented in this study suggest that agricultural practices can impose constraints on microbial functional diversity by reducing OM resource quality, which can subsequently translate to confined microbial resource niche differentiation and reduced organic matter degradation rates. This hints that assessments of actual microbial resource utilization and niche differentiation could potentially be used to assess the ecological health and functioning of natural communities.
Half‐Century Ammonia Emissions From Agricultural Systems in Southern Asia: Magnitude, Spatiotemporal Patterns, and Implications for Human Health
Authors: Xu R. T. , Pan S. F. , Chen J. , Chen G. S. , Yang J. , Dangal S. R. S. , Shepard J. P. , Tian H. Q. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMuch concern has been raised about the increasing threat to air quality and human health due to ammonia (NH3) emissions from agricultural systems, which is associated with the enrichment of reactive nitrogen (N) in southern Asia (SA), home of more than 60% the world's population (i.e., the people of West, central, East, South, and Southeast Asia). Southern Asia consumed more than half of the global synthetic N fertilizer and was the dominant region for livestock waste production since 2004. Excessive N application could lead to a rapid increase of NH3 in the atmosphere, resulting in severe air and water pollution in this region. However, there is still a lack of accurate estimates of NH3 emissions from agricultural systems. In this study, we simulated the agricultural NH3 fluxes in SA by coupling the Bidirectional NH3 exchange module (Bi‐NH3) from the Community Multi‐scale Air Quality model with the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model. Our results indicated that NH3 emissions were 21.3 ± 3.9 Tg N yr−1 from SA agricultural systems with a rapidly increasing rate of ~0.3 Tg N yr−2 during 1961−2014. Among the emission sources, 10.8 Tg N yr−1 was released from synthetic N fertilizer use, and 10.4 ± 3.9 Tg N yr−1 was released from manure production in 2014. Ammonia emissions from China and India together accounted for 64% of the total amount in SA during 2000−2014. Our results imply that the increased NH3 emissions associated with high N inputs to croplands would likely be a significant threat to the environment and human health unless mitigation efforts are applied to reduce these emissions.
The spatial sensitivity of the spectral diversity–biodiversity relationship: an experimental test in a prairie grassland
Authors: Wang Ran , Gamon John A. , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Townsend Philip A. , Zygielbaum Arthur I. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRemote sensing has been used to detect plant biodiversity in a range of ecosystems based on the varying spectral properties of different species or functional groups. However, the most appropriate spatial resolution necessary to detect diversity remains unclear. At coarse resolution, differences among spectral patterns may be too weak to detect. In contrast, at fine resolution, redundant information may be introduced. To explore the effect of spatial resolution, we studied the scale dependence of spectral diversity in a prairie ecosystem experiment at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, Minnesota, USA. Our study involved a scaling exercise comparing synthetic pixels resampled from high‐resolution images within manipulated diversity treatments. Hyperspectral data were collected using several instruments on both ground and airborne platforms. We used the coefficient of variation (CV) of spectral reflectance in space as the indicator of spectral diversity and then compared CV at different scales ranging from 1 mm2 to 1 m2 to conventional biodiversity metrics, including species richness, Shannon's index, Simpson's index, phylogenetic species variation, and phylogenetic species evenness. In this study, higher species richness plots generally had higher CV. CV showed higher correlations with Shannon's index and Simpson's index than did species richness alone, indicating evenness contributed to the spectral diversity. Correlations with species richness and Simpson's index were generally higher than with phylogenetic species variation and evenness measured at comparable spatial scales, indicating weaker relationships between spectral diversity and phylogenetic diversity metrics than with species diversity metrics. High resolution imaging spectrometer data (1 mm2 pixels) showed the highest sensitivity to diversity level. With decreasing spatial resolution, the difference in CV between diversity levels decreased and greatly reduced the optical detectability of biodiversity. The optimal pixel size for distinguishing α diversity in these prairie plots appeared to be around 1 mm to 10 cm, a spatial scale similar to the size of an individual herbaceous plant. These results indicate a strong scale‐dependence of the spectral diversity‐biodiversity relationships, with spectral diversity best able to detect a combination of species richness and evenness, and more weakly detecting phylogenetic diversity. These findings can be used to guide airborne studies of biodiversity and develop more effective large‐scale biodiversity sampling methods.
Endogenous peptides profiles of human infantile hemangioma tissue and their clinical significance for treatment
Authors: Li Qian , Li Jingyun , Chen Ling , Gao Yanli , Li Jun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEndogenous peptides play crucial roles in various biological processes. Their effects on the pathogenesis of human infantile hemangioma remains poorly understood. In this study, we construct a comparative peptidomic profiling between human infantile hemangioma tissue and matched normal skin using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 192 peptides were significantly differentially expressed in human infantile hemangioma tissue, with 182 upregulated, and 10 downregulated peptides between infantile hemangioma tissue and matched normal skin. Performing bioinformatics analysis (Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis), we found that precursor proteins of these differentially expressed peptides correlate with metabolic process, biological regulation, binding, catalytic activity, and pathways in cancer occurring during pathological changes of infantile hemangioma. Furthermore, 89 differentially expressed peptides shared homology with antimicrobial peptides and 13 matched known immunomodulatory peptides based on prediction database. In conclusion, our results reveal significantly altered expression profiles of peptides in human infantile hemangioma tissue. These peptides may participate in the etiology of infantile hemangioma and provide beneficial scheme for clinical treatments.
Poly(citrate glyceride): a hyperbranched polyester for starch plasticization
Authors: Zhang Kang , Cheng XiaoPing , Cheng Fei , Lin Yi , Zhou Mi , Zhu PuXin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHyperbranched polyesters (HBPETs), terminated with either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups, were prepared from citric acid and glycerol in simple one‐step syntheses. The HBPET structure and degree of branching were investigated using Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopies and gel permeation chromatography. The HBPET plasticizers were combined with a maize starch via cooking and film formation. The mechanical, thermal, paste and structural properties of the plasticized starch composites were studied in detail using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, rapid viscosity analysis and X‐ray diffraction. The HBPETs reduced the pasting viscosity but slightly increased the pasting temperature of the starch. The smaller breakdown and setback values of the plasticized starch pastes relative to those of native starch suggested weaker retrogradation. Compared with glycerol/starch plasticized films, HBPET/starch composite films had lower crystallinity, lower glass transition temperature and better mechanical and thermal properties. The properties of the plasticized starch samples strongly depended on the terminal groups and the molecular weight of the HBPET plasticizers. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of the Use of a Family Health History Application in Genetic Counseling
Authors: Tipsword Meghan L. , White Peter S. , Spaeth Christine G. , Ittenbach Richard F. , Myers Melanie F. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe paper‐based pedigree is the current standard for family health history (FHH) documentation in genetic counseling. Several tools for electronic capture of family health data have been developed to improve re‐use and accessibility, data quality and standardization, ease of updating, and integration with electronic medical records. One such tool, the tablet‐based Proband application, provides a flexible approach to data capture in dynamic and diverse clinical settings. This study compared Proband FHH collection to paper‐based methods and investigated the usability of Proband in a clinical setting. After one use by 23 genetic counselors and students, Proband had 91% accuracy with a FHH audio scenario, which was significantly less (p < 0.001) than paper's 96% accuracy. These differences were attributed to incorrect or missing ages of grandparents (p < 0.001) and great‐aunts/uncles (p = 0.012) and missing documentation of consanguinity (p < 0.001). Possible explanations for these differences include greater experience with paper FHH documentation and pre‐populated prompts for consanguinity on the paper template used. Proband's perceived usability increased with use, with individual System Usability Scores increasing between first and last use (p = 0.033). We conclude that tools for dynamic, provider‐driven FHH documentation such as Proband show promise for improving risk assessment accuracy and quality patient care.
Ecological connectivity between land and sea: a review
Authors: Fang Xiaodong , Hou Xiyong , Li Xiaowei , Hou Wan , Nakaoka Masahiro , Yu Xiubo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLand–sea ecological connectivity refers to the interaction (convenience or hindrance) of certain physical, chemical and biological processes between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Research on land–sea ecological connectivity can provide important scientific bases for the conservation and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems in terrestrial and coastal areas. On the basis of a literature summary of ecological connectivity, this paper focuses on the following: (1) summarizing basic concepts, representative phenomena on multiple spatiotemporal scales, and analysis methods of land–sea ecological connectivity; (2) discussion of the applications of land–sea ecological connectivity; (3) discussion of the relationship between human activities and land–sea ecological connectivity; (4) presentation of perspectives and recommendations on ecological restoration, protection, and biodiversity research, with emphasis on the principle of land–sea ecological connectivity. On the whole, we believe such connectivity in a region varies with changes in multiple physical and artificial factors, such as climate, land cover, biotic community and human activities. Human activities such as land use, engineering construction, urbanization and industrialization have continuously increased and cause irreversible disturbance and destruction of land–sea ecological connectivity, thereby threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services at various spatiotemporal scales. Hence, achievements of theoretical research and practical experience in ecological connectivity should be fully applied in coastal areas to maintain and restore land–sea ecological connectivity and remedy various problems that arise from the blockage and damage of ecosystem services.
Responses of the structure and function of the understory plant communities to precipitation reduction across forest ecosystems in Germany
Authors: Felsmann Katja , Baudis Mathias , Kayler Zachary E. , Puhlmann Heike , Ulrich Andreas , Gessler Arthur 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Key message
Understory plant communities are essential for the recruitment of trees making up future forests. Independent of plant diversity, the understory across different forest ecosystems shows considerable physiological acclimation and structural stability towards drought events, which are expected to occur more frequently in future.

Context
Understory plant communities are essential for the recruitment of trees making up the future forest. It is so far poorly understood how climate change will affect understory in beech and conifer forests managed at different intensity levels.

Aims
We hypothesized that drought would affect transpiration and carbon isotope discrimination but not species richness and diversity. Moreover, we assumed that forest management intensity will modify the responses to drought of the understory community.

Methods
We set up roofs in forests with a gradient of management intensities (unmanaged beech—managed beech—intensively managed conifer forests) in three regions across Germany. A drought event close to the 2003 drought was imposed in two consecutive years.

Results
After 2 years, the realized precipitation reduction was between 27% and 34%. The averaged water content in the top 20 cm of the soil under the roof was reduced by 2% to 8% compared with the control. In the 1st year, leaf level transpiration was reduced for different functional groups, which scaled to community transpiration modified by additional effects of drought on functional group leaf area. Acclimation effects in most functional groups were observed in the 2nd year.

Conclusion
Forest understory shows high plasticity at the leaf and community level, and high structural stability to changing climate conditions with drought events.