bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small Molecule Activation with FrustratedLewisPairs
Authors: Wilkins Lewis C. , Melen Rebecca L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article highlights the revolution in main group chemistry that was ignited through the advent of frustrated Lewis pairs, a term coined in 2006 to describe the combination of sterically demanding Lewis acids and Lewis bases. This pairing was extremely effective in heterolytic hydrogen cleavage, with further applications in the activation of various other small molecules. These advancements are described herein, highlighting the application of both main group and transition metal‐centered frustrated Lewis pairs in the capture and recycling of small molecules focusing onH2,CO2,CO,N2O,NO, andSO2activation.
Fantasy–Reality Distinction
Authors: Lemish Dafna 
Published: September 2017

The ability of young children to distinguish between fantasy and reality with regard to television, and the changes that occur in those perceptions have significant implications for their preferences in television content, their comprehension of such content, and their emotional responses (e.g., fear reactions; → Fear Induction through Media Content in Children). By applying developmental psychology theories, researchers primarily in the field of communication studies have found that developing the ability to distinguish fantasy from reality may influence the tendency to imitate dangerous behaviors, to expect unrealistic solutions to problems, and to hold misconceptions about the nature of social life. It may also have an impact on purchasing decisions.
Changes in Physical Activity After Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Six‐ and Twelve‐Month Outcomes
Authors: Hammett Thomas , Simonian Aram , Austin Monica , Butler Robert , Allen Kelli D. , Ledbetter Leila , Goode Adam P. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveLittle is known about the extent to which physical activity (PA) levels change following total knee or hip joint replacement relative to pain, physical function, and quality of life. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis on changes in PA relative to pain, quality of life, and physical function after total knee or hip joint replacement.MethodsWe searched the PubMed (Medline), Embase, and CINAHL databases for peer‐reviewed, English‐language cohort studies measuring PA with an accelerometer from presurgery to postsurgery. Random‐effects models were used to produce standardized mean differences (SMDs) for PA, quality of life, pain, and physical function outcomes. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2.ResultsSeven studies (336 participants) met the eligibility criteria. No significant increase in PA was found at 6 months (SMD 0.14 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −0.05, 0.34]; I2 = 0%) and a small to moderately significant effect was found for increasing PA at 12 months (SMD 0.43 [95% CI 0.22, 0.64]; I2 = 0%). Large improvements were found at 6 months in physical function (SMD 0.97 [95% CI 0.12, 1.82]; I2 = 92.3%), pain (SMD −1.47 [95% CI −2.28, −0.65]; I2 = 91.6%), and quality of life (SMD 1.02 [95% CI 0.30, 1.74]; I2 = 83.2%).ConclusionPhysical activity did not change at 6 months, and a small to moderate improvement was found at 12 months postsurgery, despite large improvements in quality of life, pain, and physical function. Reasons for the lack of increased PA are unknown but may be behavioral in nature, as a sedentary lifestyle is difficult to change. Changing sedentary behavior should be a future focus of research in this subgroup.
Electronic Textile by Dyeing Method for Multiresolution Physical Kineses Monitoring
Authors: Li Yudong , Li Yanan , Su Meng , Li Wenbo , Li Yifan , Li Huizeng , Qian Xin , Zhang Xingye , Li Fengyu , Song Yanlin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMultimodal, multipoint sensing and wearability are the impending pursuits of next‐generation flexible electronics. Electronic textiles (e‐textile), known as the convergence of traditional textile technology and burgeoning electrical engineering, have been rapidly exploited evolving fields in electronics, light‐emitting diodes, energy harvesting, and storage devices. Benefiting from their mechanical compliance, comfortable, lightweight, and economically viable features, e‐textiles are attractive for wearing on the soft and curved human body. This study fabricates a textile‐based stretchable sensor by using an electronic dyeing method and the sensor is used for human motion monitoring and analysis. With specific precursor selection and texture regulation, the conductive textile shows good flexibility and adaptable strain–electric response. Combined with the commendable mechanical performance and high durability, the electronic textile sensor can capture and monitor various human activities and distinguish similar motions, which have great potential in biomonitoring, soft co‐robotics, and human–machine interaction.
Protecting and Leaving Functions of Trimethylsilyl Groups in Trimethylsilylated Silicates for the Synthesis of Alkoxysiloxane Oligomers
Authors: Yoshikawa Masashi , Tamura Yasuhiro , Wakabayashi Ryutaro , Tamai Misa , Shimojima Atsushi , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe concept of protecting groups and leaving groups in organic synthesis was applied to the synthesis of siloxane‐based molecules. Alkoxy‐functionalized siloxane oligomers composed of SiO4, RSiO3, or R2SiO2 units were chosen as targets (R: functional groups, such as Me and Ph). Herein we describe a novel synthesis of alkoxysiloxane oligomers based on the substitution reaction of trimethylsilyl (TMS) groups with alkoxysilyl groups. Oligosiloxanes possessing TMS groups were reacted with alkoxychlorosilane in the presence of BiCl3 as a catalyst. TMS groups were substituted with alkoxysilyl groups, leading to the synthesis of alkoxysiloxane oligomers. Siloxane oligomers composed of RSiO3 and R2SiO2 units were synthesized more efficiently than those composed of SiO4 units, suggesting that the steric hindrance around the TMS groups of the oligosiloxanes makes a difference in the degree of substitution. This reaction uses TMS groups as both protecting and leaving groups for SiOH/SiO− groups.
Multiphotonenabsorption in Metall‐organischen Gerüstverbindungen
Authors: Medishetty Raghavender , Nemec Lydia , Nalla Venkatram , Henke Sebastian , Samoć Marek , Reuter Karsten , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMultiphotonenabsorption (MPA) ist eine der wichtigsten nichtlinear‐optischen (NLO) Effekte und hat verschiedene Anwendungen, z. B. in Telekommunikation, Verteidigung, Photonik und Biomedizin. Bekannte MPA‐Materialien sind Farbstoffe, Quantenpunkte, metallorganische Verbindungen und konjugierte Polymere, die oft als Dispersion in Lösung verwendet werden. Wir zeigen wie Metall‐organische Gerüsteverbindungen (MOFs), eine neuartige NLO‐Festkörpermaterialklasse, so entworfen werden können, dass sie außergewöhnlich starkes MPA‐Verhalten zeigen. MOFs, die aus Zirconium‐ und Hafnium‐Oxo‐Clustern bestehen und einen Tetraphenylethen(TPE)‐basierten Chromophor‐Linker beinhalten, zeigen rekordverdächtig hohe Zweiphotonenabsoptionsquerschnitte mit bis zu 3600 GM. Das einzigartige, modulare Baukastenprinzip von MOFs erlaubt eine Optimierung und Verbesserung ihrer MPA‐Eigenschaften, gestützt auf einen theoriebasierten Ansatz, durch die Berücksichtigung von maßgeschneiderter Ladungspolymerisation, konformativer Spannung, dreidimensionaler Anordnung und Ausrichtung der Chromophore im Kristall.
Near‐Infrared Free‐Radical and Free‐Radical‐Promoted Cationic Photopolymerizations by In‐Source Lighting Using Upconverting Glass
Authors: Kocaarslan Azra , Tabanli Sevcan , Eryurek Gonul , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA method is presented for the initiation of free‐radical and free‐radical‐promoted cationic photopolymerizations by in‐source lighting in the near‐infrared (NIR) region using upconverting glass (UCG). This approach utilizes laser irradiation of UCG at 975 nm in the presence of fluorescein (FL) and pentamethyldiethylene triamine (PMDETA). FL excited by light emitted from the UCG undergoes electron‐transfer reactions with PMDETA to form free radicals capable of initiating polymerization of methyl methacrylate. To execute the corresponding free‐radical‐promoted cationic polymerization of cyclohexene oxide, isobutyl vinyl ether, and N‐vinyl carbazole, it was necessary to use FL, dimethyl aniline (DMA), and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate as sensitizer, coinitiator, and oxidant, respectively. Iodonium ions promptly oxidize DMA radicals formed to the corresponding cations. Thus, cationic polymerization with efficiency comparable to the conventional irradiation source was achieved.
CsB4O6F: A Congruent‐Melting Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Material by Combining Superior Functional Units
Authors: Wang Xuefei , Wang Ying , Zhang Bingbing , Zhang Fangfang , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe discovery of new nonlinear optical (NLO) materials for coherent light generation in the deep‐ultraviolet (DUV, wavelength below 200 nm) region is essential for the development of laser technologies. Herein, we report a new material CsB4O6F (CBF), which combines the superior structural properties of two well‐known NLO materials, β‐BaB2O4 (BBO) and KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF). CBF exhibits excellent DUV optical properties including a short cutoff edge (155 nm), a large SHG response (≈1.9×KDP), and a suitable birefringence that enables frequency doubling down to 171.6 nm. Remarkably, CBF melts congruently and shows an improved growth habit. In addition, our rational design strategy will contribute to the discovery of DUV NLO materials.
Microwave responsive epoxy nanocomposites reinforced by carbon nanomaterials of different dimensions
Authors: Chen Lei , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis study fabricated nanocomposites consisting of epoxy‐based shape memory polymer (ESMP) matrix and carbon nanofillers. The nanofillers include zero‐dimensional carbon black, one‐dimensional multiwalled carbon nanotubes, two‐dimensional (2D) graphene nanoplatelets, and three‐dimensional (3D) functionalized graphene sheets, which are all efficient microwave‐absorbing materials that can transform microwaves into heat energy. As a result, the temperatures of the nanocomposites increased more rapidly than pristine ESMP in microwaves. The functionalized graphene sheets were found to transform the microwaves into heat more efficiently than the other nanofillers. Possible microwave propagation paths in the nanocomposites were proposed. Moreover, the nanocomposites displayed significantly higher mechanical strengths than pristine ESMP. The low cost and strong nanocomposites with fast microwave responses may be applied as actuators or deployable devices in medical treatments. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45676.
Enhanced Charpy impact strength of epoxy resin modified with vinyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Vilčáková Jarmila , Kutějová Lenka , Jurča Marek , Moučka Robert , Vícha Robert , Sedlačík Michal , Kovalcik Adriana , Machovský Michal , Kazantseva Natalia 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis article deals with enhancement of the toughness of epoxy resin (ER) based on diglycidyl ether bisfenol A by either polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or vinyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (VT‐PDMS). To improve the compatibility of these two phases, dicumylperoxide (DCP) was used as a compatibilizer. It was established that only specific composition of the components can lead to enhancement of ER toughness without significant reduction of storage modulus, Tg, and interphase adhesion. The highest impact strength was recorded for ER with VT‐PDMS (10 wt %) and DCP (2 wt %) due to increased interfacial compatibility between two phases, which was proved by 1H NMR and dielectric spectroscopy. Critical ductile brittle transition occurring between 10 and 15 wt % of rubber was observed by both morphological and dynamic mechanical analysis studies. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45720.
Why Improvement Can Trump Consistent Strong Performance: The Role of Effort Perceptions
Authors: Soliman Monica , Buehler Roger 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHow do evaluators form comparative judgments of improved versus consistently strong performance records with equivalent recent performance? We propose that evaluators judge those with improved records to be more deserving of future opportunities (e.g., a promotion) and that this can be explained – at least in part – by perceptions of effort investments. Specifically, evaluators rely on improvement to judge effort and hence devalue consistent strong performance. Five studies supported these propositions. Evaluators perceived greater effort investment and trait effort in individuals with improved profiles than those with consistent profiles and consequently thought that those with improved profiles were more deserving of future opportunities. We discuss implications of these results across various decision contexts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternatives to Autopsy for Fetal and Early Neonatal (Perinatal) Deaths: Insights from the Wisconsin Stillbirth Service Program
Authors: McPherson Elspeth , Nestoridi Eirini , Heinke Dominique , Roberts Drucilla J. , Fretts Ruth , Yazdy Mahsa M. , Lin Angela E. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundAlthough autopsy is a key component of the etiologic evaluation following fetal and early neonatal death, and traditionally has been the preferred method to determine the cause of death, an alternative may be suitable when traditional autopsy by a perinatal pathologist is not available or declined.MethodsAmong 3137 cases evaluated through the Wisconsin Stillbirth Service Program (WiSSP), a community‐based program for etiologic evaluation of second trimester miscarriage, stillbirth, and early neonatal death, most diagnoses are based on multiple types of data including placental pathology, clinical examination, photographs, maternal records, radiographs, and laboratory testing.ResultsCases in the WiSSP cohort without autopsy have nearly the same overall rate of diagnosis as those with traditional autopsy (56% vs. 58%). Review of the literature shows that although recent systematic protocols including autopsy, placental pathology and genetic studies yield a definite or probable diagnosis in 70% or more, both healthcare providers and families desire less invasive options. Several minimally invasive protocols substituting imaging, primarily MRI, for traditional autopsy have been proposed, but the numbers of deaths evaluated are still very small.ConclusionWe join others who have promoted the benefits of a targeted or less invasive protocol to study perinatal deaths, and emphasize integration of clinical data, selective imaging, genetic testing, and parental counseling. Birth Defects Research 109:1430–1441, 2017.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bayesian estimation of multivariate normal mixtures with covariate‐dependent mixing weights, with an application in antimicrobial resistance monitoring
Authors: Jaspers Stijn , Komárek Arnošt , Aerts Marc 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBacteria with a reduced susceptibility against antimicrobials pose a major threat to public health. Therefore, large programs have been set up to collect minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values. These values can be used to monitor the distribution of the nonsusceptible isolates in the general population. Data are collected within several countries and over a number of years. In addition, the sampled bacterial isolates were not tested for susceptibility against one antimicrobial, but rather against an entire range of substances. Interest is therefore in the analysis of the joint distribution of MIC data on two or more antimicrobials, while accounting for a possible effect of covariates. In this regard, we present a Bayesian semiparametric density estimation routine, based on multivariate Gaussian mixtures. The mixing weights are allowed to depend on certain covariates, thereby allowing the user to detect certain changes over, for example, time. The new approach was applied to data collected in Europe in 2010, 2012, and 2013. We investigated the susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates against ampicillin and trimethoprim, where we found that there seems to be a significant increase in the proportion of nonsusceptible isolates. In addition, a simulation study was carried out, showing the promising behavior of the proposed method in the field of antimicrobial resistance.
Characterisation of the l‐Cystine β‐Lyase PatB from Phaeobacter inhibens: An Enzyme Involved in the Biosynthesis of the Marine Antibiotic Tropodithietic Acid
Authors: Dickschat Jeroen S. , Rinkel Jan , Klapschinski Tim , Petersen Jörn 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe l‐cystine β‐lyase from Phaeobacter inhibens is involved in the biosynthesis of the sulfur‐containing antibiotic tropodithietic acid. The recombinant enzyme was obtained by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterised by unambiguous chemical identification of the products formed from the substrate l‐cystine, investigation of the substrate spectrum, determination of the enzyme kinetics, sequence alignment with closely related homologues and site‐directed mutagenesis to identify a highly conserved lysine residue that is critical for functionality. PatB from P. inhibens is a new member of the small group of characterised l‐cystine β‐lyases and the first example of an enzyme with such an activity that is required for the biosynthesis of an antibiotic. A comparison of PatB to previously reported enzymes with l‐cystine β‐lyase activity from bacteria and plants is given.
Pathology of self‐expanding transcatheter aortic valves: Findings from the CoreValve US pivotal trials
Authors: Yahagi Kazuyuki , Torii Sho , Ladich Elena , Kutys Robert , Romero Maria E. , Mori Hiroyoshi , Kolodgie Frank D. , Popma Jeffrey J. , Virmani Renu , Finn Aloke V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has recently become an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for patients with severe aortic stenosis. However, paravalvular leaks, possible leaflet thrombosis, and device durability following TAVR remain unresolved issues.Methods and ResultsWe conducted the first systematic microscopic and macroscopic pathologic analysis of self‐expanding CoreValve transcatheter aortic valves removed at autopsy or surgically from the U.S. pivotal trial of extreme‐ and high‐risk patients. Implants were evaluated for histopathologic changes in the valve frame and leaflets. Thrombus/neointima on the leaflets was graded depending on the leaflet thickness and the extent of leaflet involvement. Inflammation, calcification, and structural integrity were also assessed. A total of 21 cases (median age 86.0 years [IQR, 79.0–91.0]), with median duration of implant duration of 17.0 days ranged from 0 to 503 days were evaluated. No valve frame fracture was observed and severe paravalvular gaps were uncommon. Inflammation and thrombus in the valve frame was minimal, but neointimal growth increased overtime. Symptomatic valve thrombosis was observed in one case (5%) and subclinical moderate leaflet thrombus was observed in four additional cases (19%). Inflammation of the leaflets was mild, while structural changes were minimal, and one case had infective endocarditis. Pannus or leaflet calcification were not observed.ConclusionsThis first systematic macroscopic and microscopic pathologic analysis of self‐expanding transcatheter aortic valves demonstrates favorable short‐term pathologic findings. However, our finding of subclinical leaflet thrombus formation confirms prior observations and warrants further investigation.
Usefulness of the SYNTAX score II to validate 2‐year outcomes in patients with complex coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A large single‐center study
Authors: Song Ying , Gao Zhan , Tang Xiaofang , Ma Yuanliang , Jiang Ping , Xu Jingjing , Yao Yi , Zhao Xueyan , Qiao Shubin , Yang Yuejin , Gao Runlin , Xu Bo , Yuan Jinqing 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prognostic ability of synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with Taxus and cardiac surgery score II (SS‐II) in a large cohort of patients with complex coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in clinical practice.BackgroundFew studies have explored the usefulness of SS‐II in nonrandomized clinical patients with complex CAD undergoing temporary PCI.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 4398 consecutive patients undergoing three‐vessel and/or unprotected left main PCI in a single center from January 2013 to December 2013. Patients were stratified according to SS‐II for PCI tertiles as follows: SS‐II ≤ 20 (n = 1474); SS‐II 20–26 (n = 1462); and SS‐II > 26 (n = 1462). The predictive ability for 2‐year mortality was compared between angiographic scores and scores combining both angiographic and clinical variables.ResultsMortality was significantly higher in the upper tertile than in the intermediate or lower tertiles during the 2‐year follow‐up (2.7% vs 1.7% vs 0.5%, respectively; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that SS‐II was an independent predictor of 2‐year mortality (hazard ratio: 1.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–2.68; P = 0.04). After adjusting for multivariable factors, SS‐II had better prediction of 2‐year mortality than baseline SS (C‐index: SS‐II = 0.740 vs baseline SS = 0.620; P < 0.001).ConclusionsAs a risk score combining both anatomical and clinical variables, SS‐II demonstrated superiority compared with the purely angiographic SS to predict 2‐year mortality in a clinical population of patients with severe CAD undergoing temporary PCI.
Complete filter‐based cerebral embolic protection with transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Van Gils Lennart , Kroon Herbert , Daemen Joost , Ren Claire , Maugenest Anne‐Marie , Schipper Marguerite , De Jaegere Peter P. , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the value of left vertebral artery filter protection in addition to the current filter‐based embolic protection technology to achieve complete cerebral protection during TAVR.BackgroundThe occurrence of cerebrovascular events after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has fueled concern for its potential application in younger patients with longer life expectancy. Transcatheter cerebral embolic protection (TCEP) devices may limit periprocedural cerebrovascular events by preventing macro and micro‐embolization to the brain. Conventional filter‐based TCEP devices cover three extracranial contributories to the brain, yet leave the left vertebral artery unprotected.MethodsPatients underwent TAVR with complete TCEP. A dual‐filter system was deployed in the brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery with an additional single filter in the left vertebral artery. After TAVR all filters were retrieved and sent for histopathological evaluation by an experienced pathologist.ResultsEleven patients received a dual‐filter system and nine of them received an additional left vertebral filter. In the remaining two patients, the left vertebral filter could not be deployed. No periprocedural strokes occurred. We found debris in all filters, consisting of thrombus, tissue derived debris, and foreign body material. The left vertebral filter contained debris in an equal amount of patients as the Sentinel filters. The size of the captured particles was similar between all filters.ConclusionsThe left vertebral artery is an important entry route for embolic material to the brain during TAVR. Selective filter protection of the left vertebral artery revealed embolic debris in all patients. The clinical value of complete filter‐based TCEP during TAVR warrants further research.