bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slovak Troops in Italy During Second Word War
Authors: Šimko Juraj 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article deals with activities of Slovak military troops in Italy during the World War II in the period from October 1943 to the end of war. Article describes the construction of field fortifications on the German defensive lines in central and northern Italy. As well it describes the appearance of resistance to the alliance with Nazi Germany, the involvement of the Slovaks in Italian resistance and the culmination of the fight against Nazism. The resulting manifestation was the creation of the 1st Czechoslovak division in Italy, which fought against German troops alongside the Allies at the end of the war.
The Relationship Between Leadership and Employees
Authors: Andronic Oana Georgiana , Dumitrașcu Dănuț 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The leadership style and the thereof oriented behavior pattern represents the basic attitude in which a person exercises its leadership tasks. There are a series of different leadership styles with numerous explanation attempts aiming to present a model for a successful leadership behavior. The worldwide trend leads in the direction of Management by Delegation with clear operating principles which is nowadays the central point of all general interests concerning this topic but a thorough documentation regarding the different leadership styles is the starting point for each manager when trying to build a good relation with the employees. A well-defined and applied leadership style will influence the working behavior of the employees and in turns lead to a better functioning of the whole organization. The knowledge-based organization needs to be up to date with both the oldest and the newest theories concerning leadership so it can create a working relationship with its employees. The present paper aims to present the main aspects concerning leadership, leadership styles and concepts in order to find the best way of creating a successful relationship between leadership and employees by strengthening the individual responsibility of each employee and hence improving the functioning of an organization.
Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Gorski Hortensia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeadership and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are some of the most widely studied topics, generating an extensive literature. Nowadays, leaders are facing economic, social and environmental challenges. Unfortunately, today trust in business is low. In this complex global environment of uncertainty and ambiguity, leaders have to anticipate the changes and to be catalysts for shifting their organizations towards a sustainable society. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate leaders’ opinion regarding: Corporate responsibilities (Carroll’s’ four-layered pyramid model); Reasons for CSR actions/ projects; Areas of interest for CSR projects/ activities/ initiatives. Taking into account the growing interest towards a sustainable society is a need for a new type of leadership that promotes the CSR’s ideals.
Security Management of University Campuses
Authors: Oprean Constantin , Țîțu Mihail , Tănăsescu Cristina 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The paper is approaching a sensitive topic which the whole society is facing, namely the security at a macro and micro-economic level. In this context, increasing the level of terrorism at all levels requires important measures to prevent the acts of terrorism and of providing a security that allows the development of all entities in the society. University offsets represent areas of agglomeration of young students living together, susceptible to challenging actions and to acts of terrorism that may occur at any time. The paper approaches a systemic and systematic thinking of untried actions to be taken for these structures, components of the university.
Intangible Resource Management - an Organisational Approach
Authors: Stan Sebastian Emanuel 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article is seeking to improve the intangible resource management at organisation level by highlighting the importance of this type of management on one hand and, on the other hand, by creating a pattern describing the process to be followed by the organisations that wish to implement an intangible resource management system. Thus, this study shows the premises underlying the author’s approaches on the importance of intangible resource management, the concept of intangible resource management is substantiated, and some general principles are formulated regarding the substantiation and implementation of this type of management. Specific processes representing the scope of the management at the organization level are analysed, which may be grouped in five phases largely corresponding to the functions of the intangible resource management. Eventually, the phases for implementing an intangible resource management system are identified.
The Importance of European Funding on Public Finances in Romania - Implications for The General Consolidated Budget of The State
Authors: Bătușaru Cristina Maria 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The "health" state of the economy which will receive European funding is a key element in the efficiency with which these funds can be used, the effects that the injection of foreign capital entails are being significant at the macroeconomic level, since a Member state of the European Union eligible to receive finance capital can absorb a flow of up to 4% of GDP. The manner of the allocation of these funds is also a key component of efficient use of European funds allocated under the multiannual financial programming period. Annual indicative allocation corresponding to the seven years of a programming period allows to identify specific priorities for investment of these funds and the co-financing obligation incumbent upon the recipient state has the role to lead to a more responsible and appropriate use of these funds. However, the gradual release of these cash flows in the national economy may lead to a delay in the occurrence of short-term positive results for the economy, given that the allocation is made after approval by the European Commission of some strategic documents that the recipient state assumes to follow according to common objectives. Beyond the effort that the recipient state must make to become eligible for European funding, the longterm effects of the injection of capital into the economy are significant and certainly favorable to the economic and social development as a whole. One of the controversial issues on the opportunity of accessing European funding is represented by the financing cost that this entails. The problematic issues that the injection of foreign capital flows have on fiscal policy and their implications on the general consolidated budget of the state are complex and are a subject of debate among researchers in economics.
Spatial Differentiation of Synthetic Measure of Economic Security of Local Government. Case Study of Financial Variables of The Cities in The Eastern Poland Macro-Region
Authors: Dziekański Paweł , Piwowarski Juliusz 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this article the authors focus on the element of security culture which is economic security. It is the ability of an economic system to use internal factors of development on a local level and international economic interdependence in such a way that it can guarantee its safe development. Stability and certainty of funding sources determine the scope and level of public services and tasks of a municipality that it fulfils. Economic security is a resulting category that allows to assess functioning of security culture from the perspective of local economy. The aim of the article is to provide determinants of shaping of economic security in Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship municipalities in the context of selected elements of financial management for 2010 and 2015. In the calculations the data of the Central Statistical Office (Local Data Bank) were used. The determined synthetic measure allows to arrange Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship municipalities according to the examined aspect. It gives the basis for evaluation of effectiveness of economic policy instruments that were applied in the past. They provide a comparative picture between the objects that were analysed, allow to indicate weaker and better areas of functioning of a unit.
Modality of Determining The Risk Scores and Their Ranking for The Direct Acquisition Made in SEAP
Authors: Lazăr Cristiana Daniela , Marin Andreea Mihaela , Pereş Ion 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In order to shape a representative economic model, meant to be used for the analysis of direct acquisitions conducted by the public institutions on the electronic platform called SEAP (Electronic System of Public Acquisitions) we need to make a series of calculations which can lead to the establishment of risk scores for this types of acquisitions or procurements and their ranking, This hierarchy shall provide the public institutions with valuable items of information for the awareness of direct acquisitions particularities.
Causes of Fiscality Generating Economic and Social Effects in Romania
Authors: Popa Ioan Gabriel 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
I think I am in the same line with the majority of finance and especially tax specialists in arguing that taxation is an economic and social phenomenon, i.e. a chain of actions and deeds which take place in time and space. The main argument in considering taxation in a broader sense, as an economic and social phenomenon, is that taxation should ensure the achievement of the economic and social objectives of the state. This phenomenon is caused by a complex of factors that are general and perpetual and whose actions breed measurable consequences. Like any economic and social phenomenon, taxation is characterized by generating causes, specific to the time and space framework of the event, vectors of influence of the intensity of the action (accelerators or reducers) and noticeable results (effects) on the surface of the economic reality. The economic and social causes of the phenomenon of taxation are not usually measurable given the continuous interaction of the vectors of influence, but the effects are real, reliable and quantifiable. Therefore, it is necessary to undertake in-depth studies in order to understand the lesser known side of the elements that trigger the emergence and development of the economic and social phenomena.
The Nature and Purpose of The General Meetings of The Supranational Economic Associations in The European Union
Authors: Vodenicharov Asen 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The general meeting is the supreme body of the European company as well as of the other European entities for economic association. It is a body forming and expressing the intention of a company. It is a specific forum for the free and voluntary expression of the intentions of its individual participants. The intentions can be expressed by an individual or a group, but they always express a specific attitude. A meeting collects, as a “funnel”, the expressed concerns, the suggestions supporting or rejecting the expressed theses, etc., with regard to the discussed issues. This forms the common will of the participating parties. The general meeting of shareholders is a legally established body of an European company. In view of its structure, the general meeting of shareholders is a collective body. It includes all shareholders entitled to vote. Therefore, it can be defined as a college because it approves all decisions as a college at in-person meetings or in absentia. Thus the meeting in question is the only legal means by which shareholders may exercise moral management rights: participation in management, right to vote, active and passive right to elect and be elected to the board of directors, management or supervisory board, etc. The legal framework of the general meeting of shareholders has hybrid nature.
Some Implications of Adopting New Codes - Tax and Fiscal Procedure - On SME Business
Authors: Asalos Nicoleta , Hurjui Ioan , Roman Costica , Nistoreanu Puiu 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Given the entry into force of the new Tax Code and of the New Tax Procedure Code in 2016, our approach is aimed at addressing the most important issues of interest to SME entrepreneurship. Obviously, we are referring both to the rules of the respective codes that bring benefits to the shareholders/ entrepreneurs engaged in small business, but also to those designed to displease. Based on the Romanian and foreign literature, in the end, we also propose some solutions in order to improve this situation.
Motive or Reason in Criminal Law
Authors: Boțian Elisabeta 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Guilt often encompasses volitional and intellectual mental processes and only in rare cases it will include affective processes. The motive and purpose are certain mental processes which the legislator sometimes introduces in the content of the offenses. The motive is the psychological causal support of human facts. The doctrine currently uses both the term of motive and that of reason, but the Criminal Code uses exclusively the term motive, which better communicates the conscious and rational character of these psychological processes. In the general section of the Criminal Code, mental processes of the motive are common among the general criteria of punishment individualization and also in listing the aggravating circumstances. In the special part of the Criminal Code mental processes of the motive can be found both for typical or special variants and aggravated or qualifying forms of certain crimes. Motive can be expressed explicitly by equivalent terms or by an implied manner, which entails the need for interpretation of the text.
The Indirect Intent in The International Criminal Case-Law
Authors: Pașca Viorel , Băra Bianca-Codruța 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study focuses on the analyse of the indirect intent in the international criminal caselaw. Traditionally, the Romanian Criminal Code defines the indirect intent through the pshychological position of the offender towards the result of the crime, which can lead, in some circumstances, to unfair result. Finding an appropriate definition has been a constant problem for the international courts of justice, especially taking into consideration the effort to reconcile this attempt with the national regulations and principles. The International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia developed a new form of criminal participation in which it described the mens rea using the notion of `risk`. The Tadić case represents a significant step for the definition of indirect intent, in the way it is considered in our legal system.The international criminal court emphasizes the importance of the person`s position towards the risk that criminal acts could lead to relevant results and it outlines the standards of foreseeability of such risk.
Multidimensional Diagnosis of Occupational Pressure Perception for The Medical Staff of an Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Authors: Bouleanu Elena-Luminița , Brate Adrian Tudor 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Intensive Care Units (ICU) medical staff is frequently subject of great amount of psychological and physical occupational pressure. There are three main sources of pressure: professional responsability for the medical act, organizational requirements and interpersonal/intrapersonal relationships. Materials and method: The paper presents a study on the multidimensional diagnosis of occupational pressure/stress perception of the medical staff of an ICU (N=34). The romanian form of Pressure Management Indicator (PMI) [1][2][3][7] was applied to all participants. The instrument is designed for multidimensional evaluation of occupational stress. The objective was to identify specific indicators of occupational pressure and formulate predictions regarding the different variables. Results and conclusions: Data analysis showed, for example, that Influence and Control (as personality factors/individual differences) are good predictors for the resilience level in the studied ICU medical staff. We can conclude that individual differences regarding personality factors are the main variables that significantely influence the occupational stress coping for ICU medical staff. The PMI-RO diagnosed profile, resulted for the ICU medical staff showed many differences comparing with general population, including sources of pressure, coping strategies, personality factors, organisational satisfaction and self evaluation of performance. Further implications of the study and intervention strategies for medical personnel in ICU are discussed.
The Myth of Teamwork in The Military
Authors: Bumbuc Ştefania , Paşca Maria Dorina 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on identifying the relevant conditions and factors that can assure the effectiveness of a team. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of some positive and negative aspects of the teamwork in the military, using as a starting point the components of a scientific instrument of research. Two of the particular features of the military organization were more detailed analyzed, due to the fact that they turn the potential strengths into weaknesses, and military leaders have to face with them: the formal power of the military leaders and the increased mobility of the military team members.
Mass-Media Communication in Romania
Authors: Crețu Ioana-Narcisa 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Over 1200 new publications have appeared in Romania since the fall of communism. Some of them don’t exist anymore, but there always appear new ones. The Romanian newspaper market comprises about 1500 publications most of which appear on a weekly basis and 200 daily newspapers. Television is the most familiar source of information. The radio landscape has changed considerably - similar to the television - since 1990. Besides the public broadcaster offering several programs, there are over 150 private local radio stations and various other channels. Despite the diversity of the Romanian press, we cannot yet speak of a completely free press (see the report of the Freedom House organization). The limitations of media freedom and freedom of speech are related to media ownership, but also with gaps in the national legislation. This study aims to contribute to the advancement in the conceptualization of qualitative journalism by proposing to analyze different situations of failure in investigative journalism and identifying factors that conduct to limitation of media freedom.
Ancient Greek Military Theory and Practice. Aeneas Tacticus (I)
Authors: Dinu Dana 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The intention of this article is to present the oldest surviving work of military art of the Greek antiquity written in the mid-fourth century B.C. by of the author known today as Aeneas Tacticus. In 1609 Isaac Casaubon, its first editor, gave it the Latin title Commentarius de toleranda obsidione, How to Survive under Siege. Aeneas Tacticus was an experienced general on the battlefield, and had an equally solid theoretical training based on treatises of warfare which undoubtedly existed before his own, but were less fortunate and have not reached us. The study of this manual reveals that Aeneas Tacticus wrote or designed to write at least five books on military themes and information exists from other sources that he might have written three more books on the subject. Thus, all these works could have formed a Corpus Aeneanum, comparable in value to Clausewitz’s famous work On War. Aeneas’s work was highly appreciated and extremely useful for commanders and strategists of the Antiquity and the Middle Ages and was used and cited by all the authors of treatises on siege until the era of pre-modern warfare.
Foreign Languages and Cultural Awareness - A Must in The Education of The 21st Century European Military Leaders
Authors: Pateşan Marioara , Balagiu Alina , Zechia Dana 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Europe is characterized by both geographical and cultural diversity. At present, the European countries are under deep transformations due to the migratory trends. These special events need measures not only at the political level but also at the military, social and economic one. By being aware and accepting all these changes, mainly the cultural ones, we have to be open and adapt ourselves to the new context in which we have to be able to accept that our existence with its norms, values, customs and traditions is not unique. The language competences contribute to the mobility, employability and personal development of its citizens, in particular, the young people. As far as the military environment is concerned, we believe that it is of utmost importance not only to speak a common language but also to know the culture of the partners we cooperate with, as well as that of the local populations from various theatres of operations. At the level of our institutions, we tried to integrate into the curriculum topics that help our students, future military leaders, to be ready to efficiently answer to the new changes that they will face in a new military environment. In our paper, we will highlight the ways we can promote the development of our learners’ linguistic and cultural competencies.
Motivation for Education and Learners' Satisfaction with The Choice of Military Specialisation or Civilian Specialty
Authors: Petrova Elitsa 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article presents a research on the motivation for education and training activities and their relation with the satisfaction of choosing a military specialisation or a civilian specialty, based on the example of cadets and students from the Vasil Levski National Military University in Bulgaria. Motivation for education and training activities is the main research subject of the study which is conducted in a real educational environment. The object of the study is cadets in the last year of their education in the Military Science professional field, specialising in Organisation and Management of Military Units at a Tactical Level at the National Military University in Bulgaria. The study includes students and cadets in the first year of education as control groups for comparison. The study launched in 2012. It continues to the present. It is supported by military experts from over 11 foreign military educational institutions - universities and academies from all across Europe.
Study on Motivation for Education by Use of Control Groups for Comparison at The National Military University, Bulgaria
Authors: Petrova Elitsa 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article presents a study on motivation for education by use control groups for comparison at the National Military University, Bulgaria. The necessary information is collected through a combination of research methods. The basic scientific method, which was used, is empirical survey conducted in a real educational environment. The study is implemented in several stages: diagnostic stage, in which an analysis and assessment of the necessity of such a study is established and proved; basic stage which has been implemented since 2012; and a final stage which includes the development of a forecasting model for the future status of the levels of cadets’ and students’ satisfaction with their training.