bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First demonstration of rapid shutdown using neon shattered pellet injection for thermal quench mitigation on DIII-D
Authors: Commaux N. , Shiraki D. , Baylor L.R. , Hollmann E.M. , Eidietis N.W. , Lasnier C.J. , Moyer R.A. , Jernigan T.C. , Meitner S.J. , Combs S.K. , Foust C.R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Shattered pellet injection (SPI) is one of the prime candidates for the ITER disruption mitigation system because of its deeper penetration and larger particle flux than massive gas injection (MGI) (Taylor et al 1999 Phys. Plasmas
6 1872) using deuterium (Commaux et al 2010 Nucl. Fusion
50 112001, Combs et al 2010 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 38 400, Baylor et al 2009 Nucl. Fusion
49 085013). The ITER disruption mitigation system will likely use mostly high Z species such as neon because of more effective thermal mitigation and pumping constraints on the maximum amount of deuterium or helium that could be injected. An upgrade of the SPI on DIII-D enables ITER relevant injection characteristics in terms of quantities and gas species. This upgraded SPI system was used on DIII-D for the first time in 2014 for a direct comparison with MGI using identical quantities of neon.
This comparison enabled the measurements of density perturbations during the thermal quench (TQ) and radiated power and heat loads to the divertor. It showed that SPI using similar quantities of neon provided a faster and stronger density perturbation and neon assimilation, which resulted in a lower conducted energy to the divertor and a faster TQ onset. Radiated power data analysis shows that this was probably due to the much deeper penetration of the neon in the plasma inducing a higher core radiation than in the MGI case. This experiment shows also that the MHD activity during an SPI shutdown (especially during the TQ) is quite different compared to MGI. This favorable TQ energy dissipation was obtained while keeping the current quench (CQ) duration within acceptable limits when scaled to ITER.
Atomistic simulations of tungsten surface evolution under low-energy neon implantation
Authors: Backman Marie , Hammond Karl D. , Sefta Faiza , Wirth Brian D. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Tungsten is a candidate material for the divertor of fusion reactors, where it will be subject to a high flux of particles coming from the fusion plasma as well as a significant heat load. Under helium plasma exposure in fusion-reactor-like conditions, a nanostructured morphology is known to form on the tungsten surface in certain temperature and incident energy ranges, although the formation mechanism is not fully established. A recent experimental study (Yajima et al 2013 Plasma Sci. Technol. 15 282–6) using neon or argon exposure did not produce similar nanostructure. This article presents molecular dynamics simulations of neon implantation in tungsten aimed at investigating the surface evolution and elucidating the role of noble gas mass in fuzz formation. In contrast to helium, neon impacts can sputter both tungsten and previously implanted neon atoms. The shorter range of neon ions, along with sputtering, limit the formation of large bubbles and likely prevents nanostructure formation.
Fast-ion energy resolution by one-step reaction gamma-ray spectrometry
Authors: Salewski M. , Nocente M. , Gorini G. , Jacobsen A.S. , Kiptily V.G. , Korsholm S.B. , Leipold F. , Madsen J. , Moseev D. , Nielsen S.K. , Rasmussen J. , Stejner M. , Tardocchi M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The spectral broadening of γ-rays from fusion plasmas can be measured in high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry (GRS). We derive weight functions that determine the observable velocity space and quantify the velocity-space sensitivity of one-step reaction high-resolution GRS measurements in magnetized fusion plasmas. The weight functions suggest that GRS resolves the energies of fast ions directly without the need for tomographic inversion for selected one-step reactions at moderate plasma temperatures. The D(p,γ)3He reaction allows the best direct fast-ion energy resolution. We illustrate our general formalism using reactions with and without intrinsic broadening of the γ-rays for the GRS diagnostic at JET.
Aspect ratio scaling of the single helical states in the reversed field pinch plasmas
Authors: Paccagnella R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this paper a new idea to help to predict the aspect ratio scaling law for the toroidal mode number of the so called Single Helicity states in reversed field pinch (RFP) plasmas is presented. In particular it is shown that the pure electromagnetic response of a toroidal shell is ‘optimal’ when currents with specific pitches are excited on it and that this response depends on the shell aspect ratio. The pure electromagnetic passive toroidal shell response model, cannot however, be useful in predicting the handedness of the current which is related, instead, to the plasma magnetic field profiles and their on-axis stability properties.
Characters of equivariant 𝒟-modules on Veronese cones
Authors: Raicu Claudiu 
Published: March 2016

Ford>1d>1, we consider the Veronese map of degreeddon a complex vector spaceWW,Verd:W⟶SymdW\mathrm {Ver}_d:W\longrightarrow \mathrm {Sym}^d W,w↦wdw\mapsto w^d, and denote its image byZZ. We describe the characters of the simpleGL(W)\mathrm {GL}(W)-equivariant holonomicD\mathcal {D}-modules supported on ZZ. In the case whend=2d=2, we obtain a counterexample to a conjecture of Levasseur by exhibiting aGL(W)\mathrm {GL}(W)-equivariantD\mathcal {D}-module on the Capelli type representationSym2W\mathrm {Sym}^2 Wwhich contains noSL(W)\mathrm {SL}(W)-invariant sections. We also study the local cohomology modulesHZ∙(S)H^{\bullet }_Z(S), whereSSis the ring of polynomial functions on the vector spaceSymdW\mathrm {Sym}^d W. We recover a result of Ogus showing that there is only one local cohomology module that is non-zero (namely in degree∙=codim(Z)\bullet =\textrm {codim}(Z)), and moreover we prove that it is a simpleD\mathcal {D}-module and determine its character.
Chow groups of products of Severi-Brauer varieties and invariants of degree 3
Authors: Baek Sanghoon 
Published: March 2016

We study the semi-decomposable invariants of a split semisimple group and their extension to a split reductive group by using the torsion in the codimension

2
2

Chow groups of a product of Severi-Brauer varieties. In particular, for any

n
≥
2

n\geq 2

we completely determine the degree

3
3

invariants of a split semisimple group, the quotient of

(

S
L

2

)

n

(\mathbf {SL}_{2})^{n}

by its maximal central subgroup, as well as of the corresponding split reductive group. We also provide an example illustrating that a modification of our method can be applied to find the semi-decomposable invariants of a split semisimple group of type A.
Burned Adults Develop Profound Glucose Intolerance
Authors: Rehou Sarah , Mason Stephanie , Burnett Marjorie , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives:
Metabolic alterations after burn injury have been well described in children; however, in adult patients, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity are essentially unknown. We sought to characterize metabolic alterations and insulin resistance after burn injury and determine their magnitude and persistence at discharge.

Design:
Prospective, cohort study.

Setting:
Tertiary burn centre.

Patients:
Nondiabetic adults with an acute burn involving greater than or equal to 20% total body surface area.

Interventions:
An oral glucose tolerance test was administered at discharge.

Measurements and Main Results:
Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels were measured to derive surrogate measures of insulin resistance and β-cell function, including quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function, homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and the composite whole-body insulin sensitivity index. Patients were grouped according to the degree of glucose tolerance: normal glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetes. Forty-five adults, 44 ± 15 years old and with 38% ± 14% total body surface area burned, underwent an oral glucose tolerance test at discharge. Median quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (0.348 [0.332–0.375]) and median homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (1.13 [0.69–1.45]) were abnormal, indicating insulin resistance and impaired insulin production at discharge. Two-thirds of patients (n = 28) met criteria for impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes.

Conclusions:
We have demonstrated that burn-injured adults remain hyperglycemic, are insulin resistant, and express defects in insulin secretion at discharge. Patients with lower burn severity (total body surface area, 20–30%) express similar metabolic alterations as patients with larger burns (total body surface area, ≥ 30%). Glucose tolerance testing at discharge offers an opportunity for early identification of burn patients who may be at high risk of prediabetes and diabetes. Our findings demonstrated that two-thirds of burn patients had some degree of glucose intolerance. With this in mind, surveillance of glucose intolerance post discharge should be considered. As hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are associated with poor outcomes, studies should focus on how long these profound alterations persist.
Guideline Adherence and Hospital Costs in Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury*
Authors: Graves Janessa M. , Kannan Nithya , Mink Richard B. , Wainwright Mark S. , Groner Jonathan I. , Bell Michael J. , Giza Christopher C. , Zatzick Douglas F. , Ellenbogen Richard G. , Boyle Linda Ng , Mitchell Pamela H. , Rivara Frederick P. , Wang Jin , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Vavilala Monica S. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives:
Adherence to pediatric traumatic brain injury guidelines has been associated with improved survival and better functional outcome. However, the relationship between guideline adherence and hospitalization costs has not been examined. To evaluate the relationship between adherence to pediatric severe traumatic brain injury guidelines, measured by acute care clinical indicators, and the total costs of hospitalization associated with severe traumatic brain injury.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Five regional pediatric trauma centers affiliated with academic medical centers.

Patients:
Demographic, injury, treatment, and charge data were included for pediatric patients (17 yr) with severe traumatic brain injury.

Interventions:
Percent adherence to clinical indicators was determined for each patient. Cost-to-charge ratios were used to estimate ICU and total hospital costs for each patient. Generalized linear models evaluated the association between healthcare costs and adherence rate.

Measurements and Main Results:
Cost data for 235 patients were examined. Estimated mean adjusted hospital costs were $103,485 (95% CI, 98,553–108,416); adjusted ICU costs were $82,071 (95% CI, 78,559–85,582). No association was found between adherence to guidelines and total hospital or ICU costs, after adjusting for patient and injury characteristics. Adjusted regression model results provided cost ratio equal to 1.01 for hospital and ICU costs (95% CI, 0.99–1.03 and 0.99–1.02, respectively).

Conclusions:
Adherence to severe pediatric traumatic brain injury guidelines at these five leading pediatric trauma centers was not associated with increased hospitalization and ICU costs. Therefore, cost should not be a factor as institutions and providers strive to provide evidence-based guideline driven care of children with severe traumatic brain injury.
Characterizations of matrix and operator-valued Φ-entropies, and operator Efron–Stein inequalities
Authors: Cheng Hao-Chung , Hsieh Min-Hsiu 
Published: March 2016

We derive new characterizations of the matrix Φ-entropy functionals introduced in Chen & Tropp (Chen, Tropp 2014Electron. J. Prob.19, 1–30. (doi:10.1214/ejp.v19-2964)). These characterizations help us to better understand the properties of matrix Φ-entropies, and are a powerful tool for establishing matrix concentration inequalities for random matrices. Then, we propose an operator-valued generalization of matrix Φ-entropy functionals, and prove the subadditivity under Löwner partial ordering. Our results demonstrate that the subadditivity of operator-valued Φ-entropies is equivalent to the convexity. As an application, we derive the operator Efron–Stein inequality.
The viral polymerase inhibitor 7-deaza-2’-C-methyladenosine is a potent inhibitor ofin vitroZika virus replication and delays disease progression in a robust mouse infection model
Authors: Żmurko Joanna , Marques Rafael E. , Schols Dominique , Verbeken Erik , Kaptein Suzanne J.F. , Neyts Johan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus typically causing a dengue-like febrile illness, but neurological complications, such as microcephaly in newborns, have potentially been linked to this viral infection. We established a panel ofin vitroassays to allow the identification of ZIKV inhibitors and demonstrate that the viral polymerase inhibitor 7-deaza-2’-C-methyladenosine (7DMA) efficiently inhibits replication. Infection of AG129 (IFN-α/β and IFN-γ receptor knockout) mice with ZIKV resulted in acute neutrophilic encephalitis with viral antigens accumulating in neurons of the brain and spinal cord. Additionally, high levels of viral RNA were detected in the spleen, liver and kidney, and levels of IFN-γ and IL-18 were systematically increased in serum of ZIKV-infected mice. Interestingly, the virus was also detected in testicles of infected mice. In line with itsin vitroanti-ZIKV activity, 7DMA reduced viremia and delayed virus-induced morbidity and mortality in infected mice, which also validates this small animal model to assess thein vivoefficacy of novel ZIKV inhibitors. Since AG129 mice can generate an antibody response, and have been used in dengue vaccine studies, the model can also be used to assess the efficacy of ZIKV vaccines.Article Summary Line:A robust cell-based antiviral assay was developed that allows to screen for and validate novel inhibitors of Zika virus (ZIKV) replication. The viral polymerase inhibitor 7-deaza-2’-C-methyladenosine (7DMA) was identified as a potent ZIKV inhibitor. A mouse model for ZIKV infections, which was validated for antiviral studies, demonstrated that 7DMA markedly delays virus-induced disease in this model.
Towards Consensus Gene Ages
Authors: Liebeskind Benjamin J. , McWhite Claire D. , Marcotte Edward M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCorrectly estimating the age of a gene or gene family is important for a variety of fields, including molecular evolution, comparative genomics, and phylogenetics, and increasingly for systems biology and disease genetics. However, most studies use only a point estimate of a gene’s age, neglecting the substantial uncertainty involved in this estimation. Here, we characterize this uncertainty by investigating the effect of algorithm choice on gene-age inference and calculate consensus gene ages with attendant error distributions for a variety of model eukaryotes. We use thirteen orthology inference algorithms to create gene-age datasets and then characterize the error around each age-call on a per-gene and per-algorithm basis. Systematic error was found to be a large factor in estimating gene age, suggesting that simple consensus algorithms are not enough to give a reliable point estimate. We also found that different sources of error can affect downstream analyses, such as gene ontology enrichment. Our consensus gene-age datasets, with associated error terms, are made fully available at so that researchers can propagate this uncertainty through their analyses (https://github.com/marcottelab/Gene-Ages).
Chromatin mobility after DNA damage is modified to enhance long distance explorations and minimize local resampling
Authors: Miné-Hattab Judith , Recamier Vincent , Izeddin Ignacio , Rothstein Rodney , Darzacq Xavier 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe dynamic organization of genes inside the nucleus is an important determinant for their function. Using ultra-fast microscopy inS. cerevisiaecells and improved analysis of mean square displacements, we quantified DNA motion at time scales ranging from 10 milliseconds to minutes and found that following DNA damage, DNA exhibits distinct sub-diffusive regimes. In response to double-strand breaks, chromatin is more mobile at large time scales but, surprisingly, its mobility is dramatically reduced at short time scales. This effect is even more pronounced at the break. Such pattern of dynamics is consistent with a global increase in chromatin persistence length following DNA damage. Scale-dependent nuclear exploration is regulated by the Rad51 repair protein, both at the break and throughout the genome. We propose a model in which stiffening of the damaged ends by the repair complex, combined with global increased stiffness, act like a “needle in a decompacted ball of yarn”, enhancing the ability of the break to traverse the chromatin meshwork.
Whole genome sequencing identifies a novel factor required for secretory granule maturation inTetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Kontur Cassandra , Kumar Santosh , Lan Xun , Pritchard Jonathan K. , Turkewitz Aaron P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUnbiased genetic approaches have a unique ability to identify novel genes associated with specific biological pathways. Thanks to next generation sequencing, forward genetic strategies can be expanded into a wider range of model organisms. The formation of secretory granules, called mucocysts, in the ciliateTetrahymena thermophilarelies in part on ancestral lysosomal sorting machinery but is also likely to involve novel factors. In prior work, multiple strains with defect in mucocyst biogenesis were generated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis, and characterized using genetic and cell biological approaches, but the genetic lesions themselves were unknown. Here, we show that analyzing one such mutant by whole genome sequencing reveals a novel factor in mucocyst formation. Strain UC620 has both morphological and biochemical defects in mucocyst maturation, a process analogous to dense core granule maturation in animals. Illumina sequencing of a pool of UC620 F2 clones identified a missense mutation in a novel gene calledMMA1(Mucocystmaturation). The defects in UC620 were rescued by expression of a wildtype copy ofMMA1, and disruption ofMMA1in an otherwise wildtype strain generated a phenocopy of UC620. The product ofMMA1, characterized as a CFP-tagged copy, encodes a large soluble cytosolic protein. A small fraction of Mma1p-CFP is pelletable, which may reflect association with endosomes. The gene has no identifiable homologs except in other Tetrahymena species, and therefore represents an evolutionarily recent innovation that is required for granule maturation.
The blind leading the blind
Authors: Shah Chirag 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Online collaboration – a required method for many problem-solving situations in today’s work environments – has many aspects that are not clearly understood or explored. One of them is how work styles, specifically leadership styles, within a seemingly homogeneous teams with no prior role assignments affects the process and outcomes of collaboration. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the aspect of online collaboration to learn how different leadership styles that may emerge impact collaborative work.

Design/methodology/approach
– The work described here employs a user study involving 84 participants in 42 pairs, working in one of the three conditions across two sessions. The three conditions are defined based on the amount and the kind of awareness provided to the team members: no awareness of personal or team progress (C1), awareness of personal progress (C2), and awareness of both personal and team progress (C3). The log and chat data from the sessions where these teams work in collecting relevant information for two different topics are collected and analysed.

Findings
– Quantitative and qualitative analyses indicate the difference among the three conditions with respect to these two leadership styles. Specifically, it is found that those with the team awareness provided to them (C3) exhibited the least amounts of leadership, keeping the team relatively symmetric. The democratic nature of such teams also fostered more diverse searching behaviour and less need for communication.

Originality/value
– The work reported here is a first attempt to shed light on two kinds of connections: individual and team awareness to leadership style, and leadership style to diversity of information exploration.
The role of hotel restaurants in gastronomic place branding
Authors: Gordin Valery , Trabskaya Julia , Zelenskaya Elena 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to display the role of hotel restaurants in gastronomic place branding. The authors view hotel restaurants as having a great potential in the promotion of local gastronomy.Design/methodology/approach– The research was done in several stages. First, the authors selected six destinations (Lapland, Catalonia, Saint Petersburg, Marseille, Parma and Munich) according to the classification of gastronomic brands based on the settlement type. Second, the authors studied conceptions of hotel restaurants located in these destinations to see how they reflect local gastronomic brands. For this purpose, restaurant menus, verbal descriptions of interiors and names of establishments were analyzed using elements of content analysis. Finally, the authors conducted several interviews with hotel managers in one of the destinations to distinguish the challenges of gastronomic branding within hotel restaurants.Findings– The results allowed defining the role of hotel restaurants in gastronomic branding depending on the following factors: hotel’s affiliation with a chain, hotel’s star rating and destination type.Practical implications– The authors argue that gastronomic branding raises attractiveness of hotels, its restaurants and destination on the whole. This research was presented to the Tourism Committee of St Petersburg, resulting in increased attention to gastronomic branding among the city authorities.Originality/value– The role of hotel restaurants in gastronomic branding has not been studied previously. However, hotel restaurants differ from other actors of gastronomic branding due to the necessity to comply with hotel’s conception, brand and standards.