bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lateral line and electrosensory systems of two holocephalans
Authors: Solon Laura A. O. , Gauthier Arnault R. G. , Finucci Brittany , Downie Adam T. , Collin Shaun P. , Tibbetts Ian R. , Camilieri-Asch Victoria 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The mechanosensory (lateral line) and electrosensory systems are two important non-visual sensory modalities, especially in low light environments. Despite their importance, these sensory systems have received little attention in deepwater chondrichthyans. Here, we describe the morphological organisation of the peripheral lateral line and electrosensory systems in two species of chimaeras; the pale ghost shark Hydrolagus bemisi (Chimaeridae) and the Australasia narrow-nosed spookfish Harriotta avia (Rhinochimaeridae), occupying depth ranges of 400–1,100 m and 260–1,278 m, respectively. Using topographic mapping, computed tomography, histology, and scanning electron microscopy, the distribution, abundance, size, and microstructure of lateral line grooves and organs (neuromasts), and ampullary organs (pores, canals, and bulbs) are described. The arrangement of the peripheral sense organs in both these systems may reflect comparable feeding strategies for detecting benthic prey. While the elongated rostrum of Harriotta avia is likely used as a sensory probe, providing spatially-resolved information about minute hydrodynamic disturbances and electric fields of potential prey beneath the animal, the arrangement of sense organs in Hydrolagus bemisi indicates that this species may rely less on electroreception. The study compares the morphology and provides information on the relative importance of two (non-visual) sensory modalities in two demersal holocephalans that remain vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances.
Methodology of murine lung cancer mimics clinical lung adenocarcinoma progression and metastasis
Authors: Kim Edison Q. , Kim Emily Y. , Knott Eric P. , Wang Yujie , Chen Cheng-Bang , Conejo-Garcia Jose R. , Wangpaichitr Medhi , Lim Diane C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, of which adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype. Despite this, lung adenocarcinoma and its metastasis are poorly understood, due to difficulties in feasibly recapitulating disease progression and predicting clinical benefits of therapy. We outline a methodology to develop immunogenic orthotopic lung adenocarcinoma mouse models, by injecting cell-specific cre viruses into the lung of a genetically engineered mouse, which mirrors cancer progression defined by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Evaluation of different cre virus/concentrations models demonstrate remarkable consistency in cancer initiation and metastasis, allowing for high throughput, while showing differences in timing and severity, offering greater flexibility when selecting models. Histological and immune profiles reflect clinical observations suggesting similar mechanisms are recapitulated and preliminary data show resultant tumors to be responsive to clinical treatments. We present a clinically relevant, next-generation murine model for studying lung adenocarcinoma.
Enhancement of long-horizon task planning via active and passive modification in large language models
Authors: Hori Kazuki , Suzuki Kanata , Ogata Tetsuya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study proposes a method for generating complex and long-horizon off-line task plans using large language models (LLMs). Although several studies have been conducted in recent years on robot task planning using LLMs, the planning results tend to be simple, consisting of ten or fewer action commands, depending on the task. In the proposed method, the LLM actively collects missing information by asking questions, and the task plan is upgraded with one dialog example. One of the contributions of this study is a Q&A process in which ambiguity judgment is left to the LLM. By sequentially eliminating ambiguities contained in long-horizon tasks through dialogue, our method increases the amount of information included in movement plans. This study aims to further refine action plans obtained from active modification through dialogue by passive modification, and few studies have addressed these issues for long-horizon robot tasks. In our experiments, we define the number of items in the task planning as information for robot task execution, and we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method through dialogue experiments using a cooking task as the subject. And as a result of the experiment, the amount of information could be increased by the proposed method.
Assessing trends and density of bird species in bottomland hardwood forests and riparian forests using simulation and sample size optimization for surveys
Authors: Stewart David R. , Sesnie Steven E. , Schmidt Paige , Londe David , Butler Matthew J. , Harris Grant M. , Stephens John , Mueller James M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The decline of neotropical migratory birds in North America is closely tied to habitat loss, including the degradation of bottomland hardwood and riparian forests, which provide essential habitats for numerous species. To address this, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducts bird surveys to monitor restoration efforts and evaluate conservation outcomes. This study assessed avian surveys from three National Wildlife Refuges in Texas and Oklahoma, using simulations, field data, and literature to evaluate current sampling protocols. Our findings revealed that achieving acceptable precision in bird density estimates (coefficient of variation: 0.15, 0.25) often requires more than 200 bird point counts, depending on the species and study area. While data aggregation across sites and years improved precision, it masked local trends critical for refuge-specific management. Imprecise results, particularly for rare species, underscored the need for improved protocols, such as repeat visits within a year, targeted sampling for priority species, and adaptive designs incorporating forest composition and structure data. These adjustments would enhance the precision of multispecies surveys, making them more effective for detecting changes in habitat quality. This study provides actionable recommendations to support service-wide efforts in strategic, data-driven monitoring and long-term conservation planning for neotropical migratory birds.
In vivo transplantation of mammalian vascular organoids onto the chick chorioallantoic membrane reveals the formation of a hierarchical vascular network
Authors: Kowalski William J. , Vatti Shravani , Sakamoto Tyler , Li Wenling , Odutola Sarah Rose , Liu Chengyu , Chen Guibin , Boehm Manfred , Mukouyama Yoh-suke 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The dynamic remodeling of the nascent vascular network into a mature hierarchy is essential for embryo survival. Cell behaviors and signaling mechanisms are often investigated with animal models and perfused microchannels, giving insights into this process. To support these studies and enrich our understanding, we demonstrate a complementary approach using vascular organoids. Organoids initially form a primitive endothelial plexus lined with NG2+/PDGFRβ+ mural cell progenitors containing immature pericytes, but there is no formation of large-diameter vessels covered with αSMA+ cells containing immature vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs). After transplantation to the chick chorioallantoic membrane, the network reorganizes into a branched architecture with large-diameter vessels covered by αSMA+ cells. We additionally show that blood flow from the host circulation perfuses the organoid. Compared with the developing skin vasculature in mouse embryos, organoids successfully recapitulate vascular morphogenesis, both in vitro and after transplantation. The model described here presents a further approach to enhance the study of vascular remodeling.
A prospective study to investigate circadian rhythms as health indicator in women’s aging
Authors: Malhan Deeksha , Yalçin Müge , Liedtke Susanne , Grötsch Rayka , Enzmann Christina , Rau Monika , Relógio Angela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The circadian clock plays a crucial role in regulating the timing of numerous physiological processes. Its dysregulation has severe implications for the organism’s homeostasis and is among the main characteristics of aging. As women age and transition through menopause, disruptions in circadian rhythms may occur, leading to symptoms such as insomnia, mood changes, or altered energy levels. In this prospective non-randomized cohort study, we seek to characterize and better understand circadian clock alterations in women across various stages of their reproductive cycle, both with and without daily routine alterations (e.g., specific diet, light exposure). Understanding the intricate relationship between circadian rhythms and female health during the aging process is essential for developing targeted interventions to mitigate symptoms and promote overall well-being in menopausal women. Findings from this study will be used to devise tailored circadian rhythm assessments and interventions for women, facilitating the alleviation of menopause-related symptoms and promoting healthy aging.
Competition for the nascent leading strand shapes the requirements for PCNA loading in the replisome
Authors: Fletcher Emma E , Jones Morgan L , Yeeles Joseph T P 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
During DNA replication, the DNA polymerases Pol δ and Pol ε utilise the ring-shaped sliding clamp PCNA to enhance their processivity. PCNA loading onto DNA is accomplished by the clamp loaders RFC and Ctf18-RFC, which function primarily on the lagging and the leading strand, respectively. RFC activity is essential for lagging-strand replication by Pol δ, but it is unclear why Ctf18-RFC is required for leading-strand PCNA loading and why RFC cannot fulfil this function. Here, we show that RFC cannot load PCNA once Pol ε has been incorporated into the budding yeast replisome and commenced leading-strand synthesis, and this state is maintained during replisome progression. By contrast, we find that Ctf18-RFC is uniquely equipped to load PCNA onto the leading strand and show that this activity requires a direct interaction between Ctf18 and the CMG (Cdc45-MCM-GINS) helicase. Our work uncovers a mechanistic basis for why replisomes require a dedicated leading-strand clamp loader.
Adipositas im Alter – Auswirkungen auf Kraft und -Funktion der
Skelettmuskulatur
Authors: Mutlu Mariam , Müller-Werdan Ursula , Norman Kristina 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung Die zentrale Bedeutung der Muskelmasse, -kraft und
-funktion im Alter ist eindeutig wissenschaftlich belegt. Die Frage, wie
sich eine Adipositas auf die Kraft und die Funktion der Skelettmuskulatur im
Alter auswirkt, wurde jedoch lange Zeit kaum systematisch untersucht. Diese Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über Kohortenstudien
zum Zusammenhang von Adipositas mit Muskelkraft und -funktion und diskutiert
zugrundeliegende Ursachen wie Fettinfiltration, subklinische Inflammation
und mitochondriale Dysfunktion. Kohortenstudien zeigen, dass Adipositas trotz Zunahme des
Muskelvolumens die Muskelkraft und -funktion im Alter negativ beeinflusst,
was zu Aktivitätseinschränkungen und einem höheren Risiko für Invalidität
führen kann. Neue Daten weisen darauf hin, dass Fettinfiltration im
Skelettmuskel mit geringerer Muskelqualität und Leistungsfähigkeit
assoziiert ist. Weitere Mechanismen wie subklinische Inflammation und
mitochondriale Dysfunktion tragen ebenfalls zur Verschlechterung der
Muskelkraft und -funktion im Alter bei.
Sind GLP-1-Rezeptor-Agonisten und SGLT2-Inhibitoren auch im höheren
Lebensalter geeignet?
Authors: Stüdemann Svea , Engeli Stefan 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungGLP-1-Rezeptor-Agonisten und SGLT2-Inhibitoren werden häufig verordnet, besonders
bei älteren Patient*innen. Unsere Recherche untersuchte die Repräsentation
dieser Gruppe in klinischen Prüfungen der Wirkstoffe Liraglutid, Dulaglutid,
Semaglutid, Tirzepatid, Dapagliflozin und Empagliflozin. Wir analysierten
Studien aus deutschen Fachinformationen, europäischen Assessment Reports und
ClinicalTrials.gov. In 46% der 104 Studien fehlten Angaben zum Anteil älterer
Menschen. Über 75-Jährige waren meist unterrepräsentiert, und Subgruppenanalysen
nach Alter wurden selten publiziert. Kardiovaskuläre Endpunktstudien und Studien
zu Herzinsuffizienz oder chronischer Nierenerkrankung zeigten eine stärkere
Repräsentation älterer Patient*innen und verglichen häufiger primäre Endpunkte
nach Altersgruppen. Verträglichkeitsdaten nach Altersgruppen finden sich
hauptsächlich in den EMA Assessment Reports. Viele Studien zeigten eine Zunahme
unerwünschter Ereignisse mit steigendem Alter, meist in allen Therapiearmen.
Insgesamt ist die Datenlage bei älteren Patient*innen limitiert. Unsere Analyse
fand keine signifikanten Unterschiede in Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der
Wirkstoffe zwischen den Altersgruppen.
Fitness statt Fatness: Im Alter hat ein Mehr an Muskel größere
Bedeutung als ein Weniger an Fett
Authors: Dorner Thomas E. , Rieder Anita 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungMit steigendem Alter nimmt die Prävalenz von Adipositas, aber auch von
sarkopenischer Adipositas (einer relativen Adipositas, die vor allem durch eine
geringe Muskelmasse charakterisiert ist), zu. Während die gesundheitlichen
Auswirkungen durch Adipositas bei älteren und vor allem hochbetagten Menschen in
Bezug auf manche medizinische Outcomes kontrovers diskutiert werden, ist
sarkopenische Adipositas sehr eindeutig mit reduzierter Selbstständigkeit,
Einbußen der Lebensqualität, Pflegebedürftigkeit, Institutionalisierung, und
erhöhter Morbidität und Mortalität verbunden. Gut abgesicherte präventive
Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung dieser negativen Outcomes inkludieren vor allem
körperliches, muskelkräftigendes Training und eine proteinreiche,
kalorien-adäquate Ernährung.
Identifying freemartins using qualitative and quantitative PCR of the SRY gene in cattle and water buffalo species
Authors: Maylem Excel Rio S. , Dela Cruz Yujiner C. , Paraguas Alexander M. , Reyes Melinda N. , Herrera Jesus Rommel V. , Flores Ester B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Freemartin is a disorder where physical and hormonal characteristics from a male fetus are transferred to a female fetus through the placental anastomosis. This causes the female twin to be mostly infertile, leading farmers to cull them due to the lack of a reliable diagnostic approach, causing economic and genetic losses. The study aims to develop an accurate diagnostic tool to identify freemartinism using comparative assessment of the SRY gene through qualitative (PCR) and quantitative (qPCR) methods and relate to their consequent fertility status. Blood samples from suspected freemartins were collected, and DNA and RNA were extracted and analyzed to verify freemartinism using the SRY gene. The results show that PCR and qPCR techniques can identify freemartinism cases using the SRY gene. Using PCR, the SRY gene was absent in fertile freemartin, and non-fertile freemartin and freemartin singleton were positive with SRY. qPCR showed that the relative content of SRY was 4.84–48% more in freemartins than in co-twin males and undetected in fertile freemartins. The small yet detectable amount of the SRY gene in the freemartin samples explains possible chimerism, contamination of male hormones, and underdevelopment of gonads and reproductive tracts, which could cause infertility in animals. Therefore, this developed method for detecting freemartinism can help farmers make informed decisions regarding breeding practices to optimize fertility and productivity in their herds.
A sensitivity curve approach to tuning a pulsar timing array in the detection era
Authors: Baier Jeremy G , Hazboun Jeffrey , Romano Joseph 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) transition into the detection era of the stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB), it is important for PTA collaborations to review and possibly revise their observing campaigns. The detection of a “single source” would be a boon for gravitational astrophysics, as such a source would emit gravitational waves for millions of years in the PTA frequency band. Here we present generic methods for studying the effects of various observational strategies, taking advantage of detector sensitivity curves, i.e., noise-averaged, frequency-domain detection statistics. The statistical basis for these methods is presented along with myriad examples of how to tune a detector towards single, deterministic signals or a stochastic background. We demonstrate that trading observations of the worst pulsars for high cadence campaigns on the best pulsars increases sensitivity to single sources at high frequencies while hedging losses in GWB and single source sensitivity at low frequencies. We also find that sky-targeted observing campaigns yield minimal sensitivity improvements compared with other PTA tuning options. Lastly, we show the importance of the uncorrelated half of the GWB, i.e. the pulsar-term, as an increasingly prominent sources of noise and show the impact of this emerging noise source on various PTA configurations.
Interface perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in heterostructures consisting of CoFeB and conductive rock-salt Li-Ti-O
Authors: Koizumi Hiroki , Wen Zhenchao , Uzuhashi Jun , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , SUKEGAWA Hiroaki , Mitani Seiji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We investigated interface perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in magnetic heterostructures consisting of ferromagnetic metal CoFeB and conductive rock-salt Li-Ti-O (LTO) layers, which can be classified into an unconventional group different from metallic multilayers and tunnel junctions. The rock-salt structure was confirmed by reflection high-energy electron diffraction for the 5 nm thick LTO layers epitaxially grown on a MgO(001) buffer layer. Interface PMA was clearly observed for the LTO/CoFeB heterostructures with post-annealing above 250˚C, and the effective PMA energy density reached 1.18 Merg/cm3 with post-annealing at 300˚C. The LTO layer thickness dependence of the resistance area product and tunnel magnetoresistance showed a clear difference in transport properties between the present LTO/CoFeB and the conventional MgO/CoFeB heterostructures, as evidence for the electrical conductivity of LTO in the LTO/CoFeB heterostructure. The conductive LTO can be used as a new building block for a PMA heterostructure for spintronic devices.&#xD;
Neutral atom quantum computers for the applications in condensed matter physics
Authors: . Shweta , Kaur Inderpreet , Singh Neha , Kanjilal Suranita , Santra Bodhaditya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Quantum computers have the potential to solve problems that are difficult or impossible to address using classical modes of computation. Laser cooled neutral atoms at ultracold temperatures offer unique possibilities to study interacting many-body quantum systems which is at the heart of various quantum condensed matter phenomena. The first-generation neutral atom quantum computers for performing special purpose quantum computations was realized by trapping ultracold atoms in optical lattices. These tunable and scalable machines provided tremendous opportunities to study various quantum phases of Bose and Fermi Hubbard models, topological phases, and non-equilibrium dynamics, with control over key system parameters enabling insightful explorations within specific quantum models. In a more recent advent, arrays of single neutral atoms trapped in optical tweezers have emerged as dark horse candidate for universal and fault tolerant quantum computing. Here, we review recent advances and achievements obtained with this platform and discuss future perspectives.
Photo-modulated magnetoresistance in aferromagnetic/normal/ferromagnetic tunneljunction based on monolayer black phosphorene
Authors: Li Yun , Wang Dali , Jin Guojun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We use the Floquet theory and the Landauer-Büttiker formula to&#xD;investigate the transport characteristics of a ferromagnetic/normal/ferromagnetic&#xD;tunnel junction based on monolayer black phosphorene under an off-resonant circularly&#xD;polarized light (CPL). The results show that the CPL can control the transmission&#xD;spectrum. In fact, the transmission gap of the antiparallel magnetized configuration is&#xD;significantly broadened, and the electron blocking effect is enhanced. The transmission&#xD;of the parallel magnetized configuration shows significant anisotropy and strong wave&#xD;vector filtering effect. We also demonstrate that the CPL enhances the difference&#xD;between the conductance of the parallel and antiparallel magnetized configurations,&#xD;which in turn leads to a significant increase in tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR),&#xD;even reaching TMR=1. In particular, under the combined action of polarized light&#xD;and gate voltage, the TMR in the conduction band region increases, while the TMR&#xD;in the valence band region decreases. Our results will contribute to the development&#xD;of optically controllable TMR devices.
Ti3C2TX derived layered MXenes as friction and wear reducing additives in lubricating oils: a detailed review
Authors: Nowduru Ravikiran , Singh Swati 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Friction and wear are critical factors that significantly impact the efficiency and durability of mechanical systems. The demand for improved lubricating oils capable of reducing friction and wear has spurred the exploration of advanced additives. Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes), a new class of materials, have emerged as promising additives with exceptional tribological properties. This review paper aims to understand the usability of MXenes, specifically the ones derived from Ti3C2TX as anti-friction and antiwear additives in lubricating oils. A brief discussion is presented about the synthesis and characterization techniques employed in the synthesis of Ti3C2TX MXenes, emphasizing their unique structural and surface properties that could contribute to their tribological performance, followed by their influence on the lubricant’s tribological properties is thoroughly discussed. The underlying anti-friction and antiwear mechanisms, their ability to form tribofilms on sliding surfaces, reduce direct metal-to-metal contact, and minimize wear are also highlighted. Additionally, the role of MXenes in modifying the lubricant’s chemical and physical interactions with sliding surfaces is analyzed. This review also attempts to identify and address the roadblocks hindering the use of Ti3C2TX MXenes in lubricating oils, such as their aggregation tendencies, stability under extreme conditions, and potential side effects on lubricant properties along with the tentative strategies to overcome these hurdles. Relevant experimental findings in which Ti3C2TX derived 2D nano-sheets have been explored as friction and wear-reducing additives in different lubricating oils are critically assessed. Although these MXenes are claimed to be highly effective as lubricant additives in lubricating oils owing to their unique properties and versatile chemistry, further research is required to address the challenges and optimize the formulation and integration of MXenes into lubricating oils for practical implementation. This article presents a comprehensive discussion about Ti3C2TX MXenes as friction and wear-reducing additives in lubricating oils, will be crucial in understanding what has been done and needs to be done.