bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localized ejection of dust and chunks on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko: testing how comets work
Authors: Attree N , Schuckart C , Bischoff D , Gundlach B , Blum J 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We extend an existing thermophysical activity model of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko to include pressure build-up inside the pebbles making up the nucleus. We test various quantities of H$_{2}$O and CO$_{2}$, in order to simulate the material inside and outside of proposed water enriched bodies (WEBs). We find that WEBs can reproduce the peak water flux observed by Rosetta, but that the addition of a time-resolved heat-flow reduces the water fluxes away from perihelion as compared to the previously assumed equilibrium model. Our modelled WEBs eject dust continuously but with a rate that is much higher than the observed erosion and mass-loss, thus requiring an active area smaller than the total comet surface area or very large quantities of dust fallback. When simulating the CO$_{2}$-rich non-WEB material, we only find the ejection of large chunks under specific conditions (e.g. low diffusivities between the pebbles or intense insolation at southern summer), while we also find CO$_{2}$ outgassing rates that are much greater than observed. This is a general problem in models where CO$_{2}$ drives erosion, alongside difficulties in simultaneously ejecting chunks from deep while eroding the surface layer. We therefore conclude that ejection of chunks by CO$_{2}$ must be a localized phenomenon, occurring separately in space or time from surface erosion and water emission. Simulating the global production rates of gas, dust, and chunks from a comet thus remains challenging, while the activity mechanism is shown to be very sensitive to the material structure (i.e. porosity and diffusivity) at various scales.
Regression of biventricular hypertrophy in acromegalic cardiomyopathy following management of excessive growth hormone secretion
Authors: Faraj Raid , Diallo Thierno Hamidou , Abdelali Mehdi , Lahjouji Reda , Benmessaoud Fatima-azzahra , Doghmi Nawal , Zarzur Jamila , Cherti Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Acromegalic cardiomyopathy is a significant cardiovascular complication associated with acromegaly, caused by excessive growth hormone production from a pituitary adenoma. Early diagnosis can be challenging due to its insidious nature. This case underscores the critical significance of timely medical intervention, illustrating favorable outcomes resulting from prompt therapeutic measures.
Clinical report of metacarpal melorheostosis: a rare disease with “the dripping candle wax” appearance on different imaging modalities
Authors: Mesbah Oumaima , Jidal Manal , Saouab Rachida , El Fenni Jamal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Melorheostosis is a rare benign bone dysplasia characterized by dysostosis and sclerosis. The classic “dripping candle wax” appearance on imaging is a typical finding for the diagnosis. The authors report the case of a patient presenting with a hard and painful mass on the dorsal side of the hand.
Differences in Abdominal and Lumbar Muscle Thickness and Contractile Function Between Nulliparous, Primiparous, and Multiparous Women 6 Months Postpartum
Authors: Fuentes-Aparicio Laura , Pérez-Alenda Sofia , Carrasco Juan J , Valls-Donderis Begoña , Dueñas Lirios , Balasch-Bernat Mercè 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences between primiparous and multiparous women at 6 months postpartum and nulliparous women regarding the thickness (including thickness pattern) and contractile function of the abdominal and lumbar muscles.

Methods
A cross-sectional observational study of 80 women, both primiparous (n = 29) and multiparous (n = 25), as well as including nulliparous as a comparison group (n = 26), was conducted. B-mode ultrasound imaging was used for the measurement of abdominal and lumbar muscle thickness in two conditions (resting and activation). Moreover, the contractile function of these muscles was determined by the thickness ratio.

Results
Significant differences between groups were observed in abdominal muscle thickness. During activation, the obliques showed a lower thickness in both groups of postpartum women compared to nulliparous women, while lower values for the thickness for the transverse abdominis (TrA) were only observed in primiparous women. The thickness pattern observed in nulliparous women both in resting and in activation (internal oblique [IO] &gt; external oblique [EO] &gt; TrA) was also achieved among postpartum women, despite no statistical differences observed between IO and EO in these groups. No significant differences between groups were observed for contractile function, showing the TrA greater values, followed by IO and EO in both nulliparous and postpartum women.

Conclusions
This study suggests that the thickness (and the thickness pattern) of the abdominal muscles in women at 6 months postpartum differs from nulliparous, while for the lumbar muscles, it is comparable to nulliparous. However, despite the obliques being thinner in postpartum women, the abdominal muscles are functionally competent.

Impact
This is believed to be the first study to compare abdominal and lumbar muscles thickness and contractile function specifically between primiparous and multiparous women. Although at 6 months’ postpartum abdominal thickness differs from nulliparous women, these muscles are functionally competent. These findings provide valuable insights for use in the development of postpartum interventions.
Experiences of People With Persistent Nonspecific Neck Pain Who Used Immersive Virtual Reality Serious Games in the Home Setting: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Luc Alexandre , Lambricht Nicolas , Aujoulat Isabelle , Detrembleur Christine , Pitance Laurent 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of individuals with persistent nonspecific neck pain who used immersive virtual reality (VR) serious games at home for 2 weeks.

Methods
In this descriptive qualitative study, semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted at the participant’s home after the 2-week period. Interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Sample size was determined using the information power concept (where “information power” refers to the amount of relevant information the sample provides for addressing the research question).

Results
Eleven adults with continuous or recurrent nonspecific neck pain participated in the study. Three main categories were identified. The first revolves around the home environment, revealing that participants had mixed perceptions about being at home, yet held a positive perspective on the utilization of immersive VR in that setting. The second pertains to immersive VR as a novel technology, indicating its overall comfort, user-friendliness, and varying degrees of immersion and presence experienced by the participants. The third focuses on exercising in immersive VR, drawing comparisons with conventional exercises, exploring the facilitators and barriers to usage, and addressing various aspects of integrating this technology into rehabilitation.

Conclusion
Immersive VR was deemed comfortable for almost all participants and easy to use. Participants found exercising in immersive VR motivating and enjoyable, compared to conventional exercises. The home environment proved suitable for using immersive VR, though challenges included autonomy and reduced human contact. Participants highlighted facilitators and barriers in using immersive VR serious games, as well as immersive VR’s rehabilitation potential. They also underscored the crucial role of physical therapists for guidance, remote supervision, and personalized treatment.

Impact
These findings could help clinicians to better understand the experiences of individuals with persistent nonspecific neck pain when using immersive VR, as well as its use at home. This understanding can improve patient care and optimize the effectiveness of immersive VR as a treatment method.
Using the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System to Describe Experimental and Control Arms of a Clinical Trial for Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Lyons Kathleen D. , Hart Tessa , Singh Sheel , Wolfberg Jeremy , Whyte John , Wechsler Stephen , Lin Susan H. , Fasoli Susan E. , Van Stan Jarrad H. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS) provides a framework to decompose complex interventions into components, each defined by its known or hypothesized active ingredients. In addition to its value in planning new interventions and understanding existing ones, it can be used to help interpret findings of clinical trials and plan next steps in a research program.

Methods:
This paper presents a secondary analysis in which we used the RTSS to retrospectively delineate targets and ingredients of an experimental treatment, Behavioral Activation and Problem-Solving (BA/PS), and then examined the attention control condition for overlapping ingredients that could clarify the control condition’s unanticipated effects. Three members of the research team worked with two RTSS experts to develop an RTSS specification of BA/PS using the BA/PS treatment manual and study materials. The specification and the comparison to the control condition were then shared with four other RTSS experts for refinement and consensus building.

Results:
Our BA/PS intervention had seven treatment components; three were unique to the BA/PS condition, but the attention control condition contained ingredients that mirrored those found in four of the BA/PS components.

Conclusion:
Our results illuminate the challenges of designing an adequate control condition for behavioral rehabilitation trials among survivors of cancer. This RTSS application was instrumental in refining our conceptual model and preparing for future research. It serves as a model for other cancer rehabilitation researchers, emphasizing the importance of intentional and transparent intervention specification to advance the field.
Multilevel Resilience and Appointment Attendance Among African American/Black Adults with HIV: A Prospective Multisite Cohort Study
Authors: Wilson-Barthes Marta G. , Park Jee Won , Mugavero Michael J. , Napravnik Sonia , Carey Michael P. , Fava Joseph L. , Dale Sannisha K. , Earnshaw Valerie A. , Agil Deana , Howe Chanelle J. , Dulin Akilah J. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Attending clinic appointments supports HIV viral suppression, yet racial disparities are documented. We assessed whether multilevel resilience resources were associated with appointment attendance among African American/Black (AA/B) adults living with HIV in the United States.

Methods:
We ascertained data from 291 AA/B clinical cohort participants from 2018 to 2021. We assessed resilience using the Multilevel Resilience Resource Measure. Binary outcomes were a nonrepeated indicator of attending ≥87.5% of scheduled HIV appointments over 12 months (i.e., visit adherence) and a repeated measure of attending appointments during two sequential 6-month follow-up windows (i.e., clinic attendance). Modified Poisson models estimated adjusted risk ratios (aRRs).

Results:
The aRR for clinic attendance among participants with greater versus lesser multilevel resilience resource endorsement was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.88, 1.0). The aRR for visit adherence among participants with greater versus lesser multilevel resilience resource endorsement was 1.2 (0.95, 1.4).

Conclusions:
This analysis is one of the first to assess appointment attendance as a function of resilience. Findings should be confirmed in larger cohorts.
Impact assessment and indigenous rights: Cumulative impact assessment of forestry on winter pastures in Mudusjävri reindeer herding co-operative in Finland
Authors: Saijets Jan , Raitio Kaisa , Pyykkö Jarmo , Hansen Leena , Aikio Esko , Feodoroff Pauliina , Seurujärvi Osmo ,   “What form can an atonement take?” group.
Published: October 2024

AbstractAssessing the cumulative effects of competing land uses on traditional indigenous livelihoods and culture is a critical component of ensuring the protection of indigenous peoples’ rights. Lack of appropriate methodologies for conducting cumulative impact assessment is a major concern in Sámi indigenous communities across Sápmi, the traditional Sámi territory covering the northern parts of Finland, Sweden, Norway and parts of north-western Russia. We report from a project in which a new type of GIS based impact assessment methodology was developed to assess effects of forestry on winter pastures of the Mudusjävri reindeer herding co-operative in northern Finland. Winter pasture quality was studied as a function of cumulative impacts from forestry. The aim was to develop a way to measure the level of harm caused by forestry on Sámi culture and rights that are protected by national laws and international conventions - in order to assess whether the threshold for significant and hence unacceptable impact has been exceeded. An existing static model for lichen – the main natural winter fodder for reindeer – both for its biomass and growth was used along with mapped forest data to simulate the impacts of forestry on reindeer herding. Our assessment shows that the intensive industrial loggings that started in the 1950s have reduced the ground lichen biomass in Mudusjävri’s pastures by over 30% by 2020. The yearly lichen production has been reduced by 23 - 31% and the yearly lichen depending on the model version used. The respective cost of forestry for Mudusjävri reindeer herding is approximately 370 – 530 000 €/year which is approximately half of the total turnover of the co-operative. Thus, our study indicates that significant harm has been caused on Sámi reindeer herding by other land uses and especially forestry.
Age-induced BMP signaling inhibits the ICAT-mediated Wnt pathway to promote osteoarthritis
Authors: Kumar Bhupendra , Iqbal Sayeda Fauzia , Jena Ankita , Arora Shuchi , Gupta Pankaj , Thaleshwari Saahiba , Taketo Makoto Mark , Bandyopadhyay Amitabha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA mechanistic framework for age-induced osteoarthritis (OA) has remained largely elusive, leading to challenges in designing effective therapies for this debilitating disorder. Meanwhile, the models that induce OA in young animals through surgical, pharmacological, or genetic alterations fail to mimic OA that stems with age. In this study, we examined the molecular, cellular, and radiological changes in the articular cartilage (AC) of the C57BL/6J wild-type mice from postnatal day 15 to 3 years of age. In juvenile mice, AC, while all the layers express the BMPR1A receptor, only a thin layer of cells in the deep zone of AC express BMP ligands, and chondrocyte hypertrophy ensues first in this layer. With age, the BMP ligands’ expression domain expands throughout the AC, leading to BMP signaling activation and resultant chondrocyte hypertrophy. Further, exposure to healthy AC with BMP ligands was sufficient to induce premature OA-like changes in the young adult mice, suggesting BMP signaling is the limiting factor behind age-induced OA. We found that activation of BMP signaling upregulates ICAT expression, a known inhibitor of the canonical Wnt pathway in the AC. Our results suggest that with aging, the spread of BMP signaling throughout the cartilage is a certainty and the underlying cause for age-induced OA. Further,in situinhibition of BMP signaling appears to be a potent therapeutic strategy for age-induced OA.SignificanceContrived models fail to mimic age-induced osteoarthritis (OA), which poses a challenge to comprehending the molecular mechanisms and thereby developing an effective therapy. We examined cellular and molecular interplay during aging mouse articular cartilage. Our results reveal that in the juvenile stage, expression of BMP ligands and thereby BMP signaling-induced hypertrophy is restricted to the deep zone of articular cartilage. However, with age, BMP ligands begin to express in the entire tissue and trigger BMP signaling, which inhibits ICAT-mediated Wnt-β-catenin signaling to promote chondrocyte hypertrophy resulting in articular cartilage degeneration. Thus, our study provides a previously unknown molecular insight into BMP ligand/signaling dynamics during articular cartilage degeneration and therefore could help develop an effective therapy for age-induced osteoarthritis.
“A circadian clock drives behavioral activity in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and provides a potential mechanism for seasonal timing”
Authors: Hüppe Lukas , Bahlburg Dominik , Driscoll Ryan , Helfrich-Förster Charlotte , Meyer Bettina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAntarctic krill is a species with fundamental importance for the Southern Ocean ecosystem. Their large biomass and synchronized movements, like diel vertical migration (DVM), significantly impact ecosystem structure and the biological carbon pump. Despite decades of research, the mechanistic basis of DVM remains unclear. Circadian clocks help organisms anticipate daily environmental changes, optimizing adaptation. In this study, we used a recently developed activity monitor to record swimming activity of individual, wild-caught krill under various light conditions and across different seasons. Our data demonstrate how the krill circadian clock, in combination with light, drives a distinct bimodal pattern of swimming activity, which could facilitate ecologically important behavioral patterns, such as DVM. Rapid damping and flexible synchronization of krill activity indicate that the krill clock is adapted to a life at high latitudes and seasonal activity recordings suggest a clock-based mechanism for the timing of seasonal processes. Our findings advance our understanding of biological timing and high-latitude adaptation in this key species.
p53 isoforms have a high aggregation propensity, interact with chaperones and lack binding to p53 interaction partners
Authors: Brdar Anamari , Osterburg Christian , Münick Philipp , Machel Anne Christin , Rathore Rajeshwari , Osterburg Susanne , Yüksel Büşra , Schäfer Birgit , Desch Kristina , Langer Julian , Dikic Ivan , Dötsch Volker 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe p53 transcription factor family consists of the three members p53, p63 and p73. Both p63 and p73 exist in different isoforms that are well characterized. Isoforms have also been identified for p53 and it has been proposed that they are responsible for increased cancer metastasis. In contrast to the p63 and p73 isoforms, which do not contain truncations in folded domains, most of the p53 isoforms contain only parts of either the DNA binding domain or the oligomerization domain. To better understand the effect of p53 isoforms in cancer we provide here a comprehensive biochemical characterization. With the exception of the Δ40p53α isoform none of the other variants can bind to DNA with high affinity and none can upregulate transcription. Probing with antibodies, DARPins and other interaction partners confirmed that isoforms harboring deletions in the DNA binding domain cannot interact specifically with them, but instead are bound to chaperones and other factors known to interact with misfolded proteins. Expression of isoforms with deletions in the DNA binding domain results in upregulation of cellular chaperones. If the expression level surpasses a threshold, the chaperone system can no longer keep these isoforms soluble resulting in aggregation and co-aggregation with other factors.
PII1/MRC interaction with Starch Synthase 4 (SS4) fromArabidopsis thalianainhibits SS4 enzymatic activity
Authors: Bossu M. , Osman R. , Brysbaert G. , Lensink Marc F. , Dauvillée D. , Bompard C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStarch is the major energy storage compound in plants. It accumulates in the form of insoluble, partly crystalline granules whose number and shape are specific to each plant species. These characteristics are defined very early in starch biosynthesis, at the initiation stage.Starch biosynthesis initiation is a complex process that relies on the coordinated action of several proteins that interact together in the so-called complex of initiation. Starch Synthase 4 (SS4) is the only initiation protein with enzymatic activity. It catalyzes the formation of glucan primers, which serve as substrates for the enzymatic machinery that synthesizes starch granules. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of interactions between SS4 and regulatory proteins in this process. Among them, Protein Involved in Initiation 1 (PII1) interacts with SS4 but its function is not yet established. In this study, we explored the structural and functional implications of PII1 on SS4’s enzymatic activity. Our findings reveal that PII1 contains a long coiled-coil domain that specifically interacts with SS4, leading to significant inhibition of SS4’s glucan elongation activity. Importantly, this inhibition is specific to SS4 and does not affect other known synthases, suggesting a targeted regulatory mechanism. This work describes the structural specificities of PII1 and SS4 and reveals a function for PII1 in the initiation complex. These results allow us to re-examine these complex mechanisms and propose new hypotheses about the important steps in the initiation of starch biosynthesis.
Genetic diversity and population structure of soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merril) germplasm
Authors: Silue Tenena , Agre Paterne Angelot , Olasanmi Bunmi , Adewumi Adeyinka Saburi , Adejumobi Idris Ishola , Abebe Abush Tesfaye 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max(L.) Merril) is a significant legume crop for oil and protein. However, its yield in Africa is less than half the global average resulting in low production, which is inadequate for satisfying the continent’s needs. To address this disparity in productivity, it is crucial to develop new high-yielding cultivars by utilizing the genetic diversity of existing germplasms. Consequently, the genetic diversity and population structure of various soybean accessions were evaluated in this study. In pursuit of this objective, a collection of 147 soybean accessions was genotyped via the Diversity Array Technology Sequencing method. This method enables high-throughput analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), resulting in the identification of 7,083 high-quality SNPs distributed throughout the soybean genome. The average values observed for polymorphism information content (PIC), minor allele frequency, expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity were 0.277, 0.254, 0.344, and 0.110, respectively. The soybean genotypes were categorized into four groups on the basis of model-based population structure, principal component analysis, and discriminant analysis of the principal component. Alternatively, hierarchical clustering was used to organize the accessions into three distinct clusters. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that the genetic variance within the populations exceeded the variance among them. The insights gained from this study will assist breeders in selecting parental lines for genetic recombination. Overall, this study provides valuable information regarding soybean genetic diversity and lays the groundwork for conservation and genetic enhancement initiatives.