bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: CHALKOGENOLATE 57. MITT. THIOAMEISENSAEUREN 5. MITT. DARST. UND EIGENSCHAFTEN VON ESTERN DER DITHIOAMEISENSAEURE
Authors: ENGLER R. , GATTOW G. , DRAEGER M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch Reaktion von K‐dithioformiat (I) mit Alkyljodiden (II) werden die in der angegebenen cyclischen Struktur vorliegenden Ester (III) der trimeren Dithioameisensäure dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: TERPENOIDE 58. MITT. NEUE SYNTH. VON ISOBISABOLEN, BETA‐BISABOLEN UND BETA‐TERPINEOL
Authors: VIG O. P. , SHAMA S. D. , MATTA K. L. , SEHGAL J. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas aus dem Ketoester (I) durch Umsetzung mit Äthylenglykol (II) erhaltene Ketal (III) reagiert mit einer Lösung von Natriumhydrid in Dimethylsulfoxid zu dem Methylsulfinylderivat (IV), aus dem durch Reaktion mit dem Bromid (V) und Reduktion des Reaktionsproduktes (VI) mit Aluminiumamalgam in wäßrigem Tetrahydrofuran das Hexenon (VII) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: AMINOBENZOLE 8. MITT. UMLAGERUNG VON CARBAMIDSAEURE‐PHENYLESTERN‐SYNTH. VON 2,4‐DIOXO‐3,4‐DIHYDRO‐2H‐1,3‐BENZOXAZINEN UND SALICYLAMIDEN
Authors: EFFENBERGER FRANZ , NIESS ROLF , SCHICK MAX 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPhenole, wie z.B. (I), reagieren mit den Isocyanaten (II) (in einigen Fällen nur in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin) zu Carbamidsäurephenylestern wie (III) (60 bis 97% Ausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: EINFACHE SYNTH. VON (2,2)PARACYCLOPHANEN
Authors: HOPF HENNING 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDiallenyl (I) (das bei der Dimerisierung von Propargylbromid erhaltene Isomerengemisch kann direkt verwendet werden) reagiert mit der Acetylenverbindung (II) in Benzol zum Paracyclophan (IIIa) [Dimeres des 1:1‐Adduktes aus (I) und (II)], das wahrscheinlich in der angegebenen anti‐Form vorliegt.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE SYNTH. UND DIE UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN EINIGEN SUBSTITUIERTEN SUCCINEINEN
Authors: SINGH E. , GUPTA P. C. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract161" β‐Naphthoylpropionsäure (I) reagiert beim Erhitzen mit entsprechenden Phenolen über das Lactol (II) zu den Succineinen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: EINE NEUE RK. VON 2‐PHENACYL‐DIMEDON MIT N,N‐DISUBSTITUIERTEN HYDRAZINEN
Authors: NAGARAJAN K. , SHAH R. K. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract2‐Phenacyl‐dimedon (II) reagiert mit den N,N‐substituierten Hydrazinen (IIIa)‐(IIIc) nicht, wie aufgrund ähnlicher Reaktionen erwartet, zu den N‐Amino‐pyrrolen (I), sondern es werden die 3‐Amino‐pyrrole (IVa)‐(IVc) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: VINYL‐PYRAZOLONAPHTHOCHINONE 2. MITT.
Authors: MANECKE GEORG , GRAUDENZ ECKHARD 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUmsetzung des Diacetoxychinons (I) mit Vinyldiazomethan (II) in Cyclohexan/ Ligroin und anschließende Oxidation mit Fe" führt zu dem Chinon (IIIa) [alkalische Verseifung von (IIIa) liefert (IIIb)].
ChemInform Abstract: ALKALISCHE SPALTUNG VON (1‐PHENYLSULFONYL‐DELTA(2)‐PYRAZOLINYL‐(5)‐METHYL)‐KETONEN
Authors: LEMPERT‐SRETER M. , LEMPERT K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWährend bei der Einwirkung von Alkali auf das Phenylsulfonylpyrazolin (I) die vier Verbindungen (II), (III), (IVa) und (IVb) gebildet werden, entstehen bei analoger Behandlung der Pyrazoline (V) bzw. (VII) als einzige Produkte die Verbindungen (VI) bzw. (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: VERFAHREN ZUR HERST. VON KETOAETHERN DES N‐HYDROXYPIPERIDINS
Authors: GOLUBEV V. A. , MIKLYUSH R. M. , ROZANTSEV E. G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Chloride von N‐Oxo‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidin‐Derivaten (Ia) reagieren bei Zimmertemperatur exotherm mit Aceton oder Acetophenon (II) unter Bildung der 1‐Acetyl‐ bzw. 1‐Benzoylmethoxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidinium= Chloride (IIIa) (Ausbeute 84‐89%).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON ACRIDON‐DERIVATEN, DIE EINEN BENZANTHRONRING ENTHALTEN
Authors: NISHI H. , KUBO M. , NAKAYASU M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas durch Kondensation von 8‐Chlorbenzanthron (I) mit Anthranilsäure (II) in Amylalkohol bei 135°C in 97%iger Ausbeute erhältliche 8‐(2‐Carboxyanilino)‐benzanthron (III) cyclisiert durch Erhitzen in Polyphosphorsäure in 87%iger Ausbeute zum 4,3‐Naphthoylen‐acridanon (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: IDENTIFIZIERUNG ISOMERER DIHYDRO‐AZINE DURCH BENZOL‐INDUZIERTE SHIFTS DER NMR‐SPEKTREN 6. MITT.
Authors: ALEXANDROU N. E. , SOULIS T. P. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract4‐Amino‐5‐phenyl‐pyrimidin (I) liefert bei der Methylierung das Dihydropyrimidin (II), dessen Struktur durch NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchung sichergestellt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLISCHE SIEBENRING‐VERBINDUNGEN 7. MITT. SYNTH. STABILER 1‐BENZOTHIEPINE
Authors: HOFMANN HANS , MEYER BERND , HOFMANN PETER 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch Acetylierung der Ketone (II) und (IV) bzw. durch Methylierung von (II) werden die Titelverbindungen (I), (V) bzw. (III) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: KOMPLEXCHEMIE DER PHOSPHINE UND PHOSPHINOXIDE 22. MITT. FE(II)‐, CO(II)‐, NI(II)‐ UND CU(II)‐KOMPLEXE DES CHINOLYL‐(8)‐DIPHENYLPHOSPHINS
Authors: ISSLEIB K. , HOERNIG K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDer Titelligand bildet mit entsprechenden Metall(II)‐halogeniden in siedendem Aceton die Komplexe (I) und (II), die elektronenspektroskopisch, magnetisch sowie durch Leitfähigkeitsmessungen charakterisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ELEKTRONEN‐SCHWINGUNGSFEINSTRUKTUR IN TETRAGONAL VERZERRTEN TETRAEDRISCHEN NICKEL(II)‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: MOONEY A. , NUTTALL R. H. , SMITH W. E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Elektronenspektren im nahen IR der Ni‐Komplexe (I) bei 5°K werden aufgenommen.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. DER NEUTRALEN TRIMETALLDODEKACARBONYLE VON FE, RU ODER OS MIT DEN PENTACARBONYLMETALLATANIONEN VON MN ODER RE
Authors: KNIGHT J. , MAYS M. J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Titelreaktionen wurden in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln und bei verschiedenen Temperaturen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTIVFARBSTOFFE UEBER NITRENZWISCHENSTUFEN
Authors: KOMATSU K. , TAMURA S. , KUROKI N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas durch Umsetzung von p‐Aminobenzolsulfonylhydrazin (I) mit salpetriger Säure entstehende Diazoazid (II) kuppelt mit aromatischen Aminen (III) bzw. Phenolen (V) zu den Farbstoffen (IV) bzw. (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. MIT SUBSTITUIERTEN MALONDIALDEHYDEN 11. MITT. GAMMA‐FORMYL‐TETRAMETHINMEROCYANIN‐, GAMMA‐FORMYL‐PENTAMETHINCYANIN‐ UND (2,2,2)HEPTAMETHINCYANIN‐FARBSTOFFE
Authors: REICHARDT CHRISTIAN , MORMANN WERNER 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch kurzes Erhitzen von Triformylmethan (II) mit den Imoniumsalzen (I) in Pyridin entstehen die Tetramethinmerocyanine (III) (52‐100% Ausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: EINFUEHRUNG EINER 9(11)‐DOPPELBINDUNG IN STEROIDE DURCH SELEKTIVE RADIKALISCHE HALOGENIERUNG
Authors: BRESLOW RONALD , DALE JAMES A. , KALICKY PAUL , LIU SOPHIA Y. , WASHBURN WILLIAM N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei einfacher Bestrahlung des Cholestans (Ia) in Benzol wird das Steroid‐Olefin (IIa) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBOXYL‐KATALYSIERTE INTRAMOLEKULARE AMINOLYSE, NEBENRK. BEI DER FESTPHASEN‐PEPTID‐SYNTH.
Authors: GISIN B. F. , MERRIFIELD R. B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDer an einen polymeren Träger gebundene Peptidester D‐Valyl‐L‐prolyl‐Harz unterliegt einer durch Carbonsäuren katalysierten intramolekularen Aminolyse.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDE VON FLUORZUCKERN 10. MITT. SYNTH. DER 5′‐DESOXY‐5′‐FLUOR‐DERIVATE VON 6‐AZA‐URIDIN UND RIBOFURANOSYL‐THYMIN
Authors: KOWOLLIK GOTTHARD , DEMIROW GEORGI , SCHUETT MANFRED , LANGEN PETER 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch modifizierte Hilbert‐Johnson‐Reaktion werden aus den Trimethylsilyl‐ Verbindungen (I) mit der Desoxyribofuranose (II) die Acetylnucleoside (IIIa) 410 bzw. (IIIb) (70% Ausbeute) dargestellt, die mit methanolischem Ammoniak zu den Titelverbindungen (IVa) [31%, bezogen auf (II)] bzw. (IVb) (73%) desacetyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: EINIGE EIGENSCHAFTEN DER IN DER DAMPFPHASE ABGESCHIEDENEN GE3N‐FILME UND DER GRENZFLAECHE GE3N4‐GE
Authors: YASHIRO TAKEHISA 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGe‐nitrid‐Filme werden an auf 400‐600°C erwärmten GeSubstraten durch Reaktion von GeCl4 und NH3 in der Dampfphase abgeschieden.
ChemInform Abstract: EINFLUSS VON NATRIUMSULFID AUF DIE KINETIK UND DEN MECHANISMUS DER LOESUNG VON KUPFER IN WAESSRIGER AMMONIAKLOESUNG
Authors: MIADOKOVA M. , TOMKOVA M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSulfidionen inhibieren das Lösen von Cu in wäßriger NH3‐Lösung.
Unusual Electro‐Optic Kerr Response in a Self‐Stabilized Amorphous Blue Phase with Nanoscale Smectic Clusters
Authors: Le Khoa V. , Hafuri Miho , Ocak Hale , Bilgin‐Eran Belkız , Tschierske Carsten , Sasaki Takeo , Araoka Fumito 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe investigated the electro‐optic response in the “foggy” amorphous blue phase (BPIII) as well as in the isotropic phase. To the best of our knowledge, such a study has not yet been performed due to the very limited thermal range of BPIII. In this study, we used a single‐component chiral bent‐core liquid crystal with a self‐stabilized BPIII, which is stable over a wide temperature range. The results show that the response time is on the order of hundreds of microseconds in the isotropic phase and increases to 1–2 ms in the BPIII (at TI−BP–T <1), then drastically increases up to a few tens of milliseconds upon further cooling in BPIII. Such an unusual behavior was explained on the basis of the high rotational viscosity and/or the existence of nanoscale smectic (Sm) clusters. The Kerr constant was also measured and found to be ∼500 pm V−2, which is the largest among bent‐core BP systems reported so far and comparable with that of polymer‐stabilized BPs.
Carrageenans effect on neutrophils alone and in combination with LPS in vitro
Authors: Sokolova E. V. , Karetin Y. , Davydova V. N. , Byankina A. O. , Kalitnik A. A. , Bogdanovich L. N. , Yermak I. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInfluence of sulfated red algal polysaccharides (κ‐, λ‐, and κ/β‐carrageenans) and degraded derivative of κ/β‐carrageenan on neutrophils/monocytes activation alone and in combination with lipopolysaccharide was investigated by means of determination of reactive oxygen species production, latex microparticles engulfment, total and extracellular myeloperoxidase induction and the analysis of silhouette and contour two‐dimensional images of flattened cells. Carrageenans alone can activate neutrophils with much less potency than lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the sulfation degree of carrageenans stipulates high activity in this role. On the other hand, carrageenans especially with low contents of sulfate groups are able to interfere with LPS in vitro resulting in reducing inter‐ and intracellular activation of neutrophils killing mechanisms. Further research is necessary to relate these findings to actions on the whole animal or human in vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1603–1609, 2016.
Repair of rat calvarial defects using Si‐doped hydroxyapatite scaffolds loaded with a bone morphogenetic protein‐2‐related peptide
Authors: Cui Wei , Sun Guangfei , Qu Yanzhen , Xiong Yi , Sun Tingfang , Ji Yanhui , Yang Liang , Shao Zengwu , Ma Jun , Zhang Shengmin , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTTissue engineering promises therapies ideal for treating conventional large bone injuries and defects. In the present study, we developed a novel Si‐HA scaffold loaded with a synthetic BMP‐2‐related peptide, P28, and tested its ability to repair a critical‐sized calvarial defect. We created a calvarial defect (5 mm in diameter) in the parietal bone of 32 rats and implanted one of the following biomaterials: No implant (control), Si‐HA, P28/Si‐HA, or rhBMP‐2/Si‐HA. As assessed by micro CT imaging and histological evaluations, the P28/Si‐HA scaffold promoted bone recovery to a similar degree as the rhBMP‐2/Si‐HA scaffold. In addition, both P28/Si‐HA and rhBMP‐2/Si‐HA promoted recovery better than Si‐HA alone. The novel P28/Si‐HA scaffold might represent a promising biomaterial for future bone tissue engineering applications. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1874–1882, 2016.
Post‐buckling optimization of composite structures using Koiter's method
Authors: Henrichsen Søren R. , Weaver Paul M. , Lindgaard Esben , Lund Erik 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThin‐walled structures, when compressed, are prone to buckling. To fully utilize the capabilities of such structures, the post‐buckling response should be considered and optimized in the design process. This work presents a novel method for gradient‐based design optimization of the post‐buckling performance of structures. The post‐buckling analysis is based on Koiter's asymptotic method. To perform gradient‐based optimization, the design sensitivities of the Koiter factors are derived, and new design optimization formulations based on the Koiter factors are presented. The proposed optimization formulations are demonstrated on a composite square plate and a curved panel where the post‐buckling stability is optimized. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton conductivity in crosslinked hydrophilic ionic polymer system: Competitive hydration, crosslink heterogeneity, and ineffective domains
Authors: Ajith C. , Deshpande Abhijit P. , Varughese Susy 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTHigh proton conductivity in hydrophobic backbone‐based polymers such as Nafion is known to be due to the formation of organized ionic clusters and channels upon hydration. However, a lower proton conductivity in hydrophilic, ionic polymers and the role played by the microstructure are not well understood. In this work, we demonstrate the importance of heterogeneity in crosslinked ionic polymer networks in explaining proton conductivity. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) crosslinked with sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) is used as the model polymer system for the study. Evolution of the microstructure with hydration and the effect on proton conductivity are analyzed using ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, and small‐angle neutron scattering. We show that the presence of the two hydrophilic groups in PVA‐SSA (hydroxyl and sulfonic acid), as opposed to Nafion, results in competition for water and a lower proton conductivity. The crosslinked polymer–water system contains heterogeneous domains of crosslink nodes which are conductive. These domains (of size 20–35 Å) interconnect with each other and form tortuous percolating domains through which proton conduction takes place. The presence of hydroxyl groups results in some of the domains being ineffective for proton transport, resulting in a lower conductivity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1087–1101
Ultrasonography estimates of fetal growth in fetuses affected by trisomy 21
Authors: Bernstein Sarah N. , Saller Devereux N. , Catov Janet M. , Canavan Timothy P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo construct growth curves specific for fetuses with trisomy 21 (T21) and to compare them with the reference‐based standard.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of ultrasonography examinations from women with singleton pregnancies with a confirmed diagnosis of T21 who sought care at an academic tertiary‐care center in the USA between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2013. Growth curves were constructed using linear regression and compared with the Hadlock standard.ResultsThe study included 425 ultrasonography examinations from 235 women. The head circumference and femur length were smaller than the reference standards at all gestational ages (head circumference: P = 0.017; femur length: P < 0.001). The abdominal circumference was larger than the reference standard from 29 weeks onward (P < 0.001). The biparietal diameter was smaller in the second trimester and in the late third trimester (P < 0.001). The overall estimated fetal weight was not different from the reference standard.ConclusionThe T21‐specific growth curves indicate anthropometric differences between T21 fetuses and the general population. Once validated, such individual growth curves could allow for more accurate prenatal assessment and management of fetuses affected by T21.
Feasibility and acceptability of clean birth kits containing misoprostol for self‐administration to prevent postpartum hemorrhage in rural Papua New Guinea
Authors: Vallely Lisa M. , Homiehombo Primrose , Walep Elizabeth , Moses Michael , Tom Marynne , Kelly‐Hanku Angela , Vallely Andrew , Nataraye Eluo , Ninnes Caroline , Mola Glen D. , Morgan Chris , Kaldor John M. , Wand Handan , Whittaker Andrea , Homer Caroline S.E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the feasibility and acceptability of providing clean birth kits (CBKs) containing misoprostol for self‐administration in a rural setting in Papua New Guinea.MethodsA prospective intervention study was conducted between April 8, 2013, and October 24, 2014. Eligible participants were women in the third trimester of pregnancy who attended a prenatal clinic in Unggai Bena. Participants received individual instruction and were then given a CBK containing 600 μg misoprostol tablets for self‐administration following an unsupervised birth if they could demonstrate their understanding of correct use of items in the CBK. Data regarding the use and acceptability of the CBK and misoprostol were collected during postpartum follow‐up.ResultsAmong 200 participants, 106 (53.0%) had an unsupervised birth, and 99 (93.4%) of these women used the CBK. All would use the CBK again and would recommend it to others. Among these 99 women, misoprostol was self‐administered by 98 (99.0%), all of whom would take the drug again and would recommend it to others.ConclusionThe findings strengthen the case for community‐based use of misoprostol to prevent postpartum hemorrhage in remote communities. Large‐scale interventions should be planned to further evaluate impact and acceptability.
Intermuscular pocket for subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator: Single‐center experience
Authors: Ferrari Paola , Giofrè Fabrizio , De Filippo Paolo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD) is a novel device now accepted in clinical practice for treating ventricular arrhythmias. In 14 consecutive patients, S‐ICD devices were placed in the virtual space between the anterior surface of the serratus anterior muscle and the posterior surface of the latissimus dorsi muscle. During a mean follow up of 9 months, no dislocations, infections, hematoma formations, or skin erosions were observed. Intermuscular implantation of the S‐ICD could be a reliable, safe, and appealing alternative to the standard subcutaneous placement.
Proteomic screening identifies calreticulin as a miR-27a direct target repressing MHC class I cell surface exposure in colorectal cancer
Authors: Colangelo T , Polcaro G , Ziccardi P , Pucci B , Muccillo L , Galgani M , Fucci A , Milone M R , Budillon A , Santopaolo M , Votino C , Pancione M , Piepoli A , Mazzoccoli G , Binaschi M , Bigioni M , Maggi C A , Fassan M , Laudanna C , Matarese G , Sabatino L , Colantuoni V 
Published: February 2016

AbstractImpairment of the immune response and aberrant expression of microRNAs are emerging hallmarks of tumour initiation/progression, in addition to driver gene mutations and epigenetic modifications. We performed a preliminary survey of independent adenoma and colorectal cancer (CRC) miRnoma data sets and, among the most dysregulated miRNAs, we selected miR-27a and disclosed that it is already upregulated in adenoma and further increases during the evolution to adenocarcinoma. To identify novel genes and pathways regulated by this miRNA, we employed a differential 2DE-DIGE proteome analysis. We showed that miR-27a modulates a group of proteins involved in MHC class I cell surface exposure and, mechanistically, demonstrated that calreticulin is a miR-27a direct target responsible for most downstream effects in epistasis experiments. In vitro miR-27a affected cell proliferation and angiogenesis; mouse xenografts of human CRC cell lines expressing different miR-27a levels confirmed the protein variations and recapitulated the cell growth and apoptosis effects. In vivo miR-27a inversely correlated with MHC class I molecules and calreticulin expression, CD8+ T cells infiltration and cytotoxic activity (LAMP-1 exposure and perforin release). Tumours with high miR-27a, low calreticulin and CD8+ T cells' infiltration were associated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis. Our data demonstrate that miR-27a acts as an oncomiRNA, represses MHC class I expression through calreticulin downregulation and affects tumour progression. These results may pave the way for better diagnosis, patient stratification and novel therapeutic approaches.
cBid, Bax and Bcl-xL exhibit opposite membrane remodeling activities
Authors: Bleicken S , Hofhaus G , Ugarte-Uribe B , Schröder R , García-Sáez A J 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe proteins of the Bcl-2 family have a crucial role in mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization during apoptosis and in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Current models consider that Bax forms toroidal pores at mitochondria that are responsible for the release of cytochrome c, whereas Bcl-xL inhibits pore formation. However, how Bcl-2 proteins regulate mitochondrial fission and fusion remains poorly understood. By using a systematic analysis at the single vesicle level, we found that cBid, Bax and Bcl-xL are able to remodel membranes in different ways. cBid and Bax induced a reduction in vesicle size likely related to membrane tethering, budding and fission, besides membrane permeabilization. Moreover, they are preferentially located at highly curved membranes. In contrast, Bcl-xL not only counterbalanced pore formation but also membrane budding and fission. Our findings support a mechanism of action by which cBid and Bax induce or stabilize highly curved membranes including non-lamellar structures. This molecular activity reduces the energy for membrane remodeling, which is a necessary step in toroidal pore formation, as well as membrane fission and fusion, and provides a common mechanism that links the two main functions of Bcl-2 proteins.
In situ stress observation in oxide films and how tensile stress influences oxygen ion conduction
Authors: Fluri Aline , Pergolesi Daniele , Roddatis Vladimir , Wokaun Alexander , Lippert Thomas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMany properties of materials can be changed by varying the interatomic distances in the crystal lattice by applying stress. Ideal model systems for investigations are heteroepitaxial thin films where lattice distortions can be induced by the crystallographic mismatch with the substrate. Here we describe an in situ simultaneous diagnostic of growth mode and stress during pulsed laser deposition of oxide thin films. The stress state and evolution up to the relaxation onset are monitored during the growth of oxygen ion conducting Ce0.85Sm0.15O2-δ thin films via optical wafer curvature measurements. Increasing tensile stress lowers the activation energy for charge transport and a thorough characterization of stress and morphology allows quantifying this effect using samples with the conductive properties of single crystals. The combined in situ application of optical deflectometry and electron diffraction provides an invaluable tool for strain engineering in Materials Science to fabricate novel devices with intriguing functionalities.