bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of thyroid disorders in elderly people in Germany
Authors: Verburg Frederik A. , Grelle Inge , Tatschner Kathrin , Reiners Christoph , Luster Markus 
Published: January 2017

SummaryAim: In a screening study on people of working age the prevalence of morphological thyroid disorders was 33.1 %. It is not known precisely whether this further increases after retirement. The present study aimed to establish whether the increase in the prevalence of morphological and functional thyroid disorders continues beyond working age in elderly citizens. Methods: 223 participants were recruited in an institute for geriatric rehabilitative medicine. All patients were screened by thyroid ultrasound, measurement of serum levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid related autoantibodies as well as measurement of urinary iodine excretion. Results: The median thyroid volume was 17 ml (range 4-41 ml) in men and 16 ml (range 0.4-73 ml) in women. 27/59 (46 %) of the men (median age [range]: 77 [58-87] years) and 85/139 (61 %) of the women (median age [range]: 77 [52-97] years), or a total of 112/198 (57 %) residents, showed morphological thyroid abnormalities. There was no clear increase with age. 85 % of the participants without a history of thyroid treatment were euthyroid. 12 % showed a subclinical hyperthyroidism whereas 1 % showed a biochemically manifest hyperthyroidism. 2 % were biochemically hypothyroid. Tg-antibodies was elevated in 10 (5 %) and TPO-antibodies in 18 (9 %) of the patients. Median iodine excretion was 129 pg/l. 41.5 % of the patients showed iodine excretion values below 100 pg/l whereas only 7 % of the patients showed a severe iodine deficiency with an excretion below 50 pg/l. Conclusion: Compared to a previously described population of working age, the prevalence of morphological thyroid disorders does not further increase above the age of 65; thyroid function abnormalities in this iodine sufficient screening population were relatively rare.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Membrane Vesicles Inhibit T Cell Activation
Authors: Athman Jaffre J. , Sande Obondo J. , Groft Sarah G. , Reba Scott M. , Nagy Nancy , Wearsch Pamela A. , Richardson Edward T. , Rojas Roxana , Boom W. Henry , Shukla Supriya , Harding Clifford V. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis utilizes multiple mechanisms to evade host immune responses, and inhibition of effector CD4+ T cell responses by M. tuberculosis may contribute to immune evasion. TCR signaling is inhibited by M. tuberculosis cell envelope lipoglycans, such as lipoarabinomannan and lipomannan, but a mechanism for lipoglycans to traffic from M. tuberculosis within infected macrophages to reach T cells is unknown. In these studies, we found that membrane vesicles produced by M. tuberculosis and released from infected macrophages inhibited the activation of CD4+ T cells, as indicated by reduced production of IL-2 and reduced T cell proliferation. Flow cytometry and Western blot demonstrated that lipoglycans from M. tuberculosis–derived bacterial vesicles (BVs) are transferred to T cells, where they inhibit T cell responses. Stimulation of CD4+ T cells in the presence of BVs induced expression of GRAIL, a marker of T cell anergy; upon restimulation, these T cells showed reduced ability to proliferate, confirming a state of T cell anergy. Furthermore, lipoarabinomannan was associated with T cells after their incubation with infected macrophages in vitro and when T cells were isolated from lungs of M. tuberculosis–infected mice, confirming the occurrence of lipoarabinomannan trafficking to T cells in vivo. These studies demonstrate a novel mechanism for the direct regulation of CD4+ T cells by M. tuberculosis lipoglycans conveyed by BVs that are produced by M. tuberculosis and released from infected macrophages. These lipoglycans are transferred to T cells to inhibit T cell responses, providing a mechanism that may promote immune evasion.
Staphylococcus aureusDownregulates IP-10 Production and Prevents Th1 Cell Recruitment
Authors: Li Zhigang , Levast Benoît , Madrenas Joaquín 
Published: January 2017

AbstractStaphylococcal superantigens cause toxic shock syndrome, which is characterized by massive T cell activation and a predominant Th1 profile of cytokine production. However, superantigen-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains are often part of the human nasal microbiome, and this carrier state has often been associated with some type 2 immune responses such as chronic sinusitis with polyps and atopic dermatitis. We have previously reported that the S. aureus cell wall downregulates the human T cell response to superantigens through a TLR2-dependent, IL-10–mediated mechanism. In this study, we show that S. aureus also regulates the profile of superantigen-induced T cell recruitment. The staphylococcal superantigen SEE induced the production of Th1 cell–recruiting chemokines, including IP-10, through an IFN-γ–dependent mechanism. Such an induction was suppressed by the concomitant presence of S. aureus. The downregulation of IP-10 by S. aureus was mediated by components of its cell wall, but was not due to peptidoglycan-induced IL-10 production. Instead, S. aureus triggered activation of MAPKs p38 and ERK, as well as inhibition of STAT1 signaling in monocytes, altogether contributing to the downregulation of IP-10 and other Th1 cell–recruiting chemokines (e.g., CXCL9 and CXCL11). These effects translated into inhibition of superantigen-induced Th1 cell recruitment. Taken together, our data may explain why colonization of superantigen-producing S. aureus can induce, under some circumstances, mucosal type 2 immune responses.
Occupational Engagement in Low-Income Latina Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Sleight Alix G. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This qualitative study examined the experience of occupational engagement in low-income Latina breast cancer survivors and suggests the potential for occupational therapy practitioners to improve health outcomes in this vulnerable and underserved population.
METHOD. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 9 participants. Inductive analysis was used to code for themes and patterns related to occupational engagement and quality of life (QOL).
RESULTS. Lack of occupational engagement negatively affected QOL, but participation in occupations such as religious activity and caregiving promoted well-being. Financial concerns and communication barriers decreased QOL.
CONCLUSION. Breast cancer can have a negative impact on occupational engagement in low-income Latina breast cancer survivors; however, some occupations may increase QOL. Socioeconomic status and cultural values influence occupational engagement and QOL. Occupational therapy practitioners can improve health outcomes in this population through awareness of relevant sociocultural factors and attention to appropriate patient communication.
Controls on the distribution of cosmogenic 10Be across shore platforms
Authors: Hurst Martin D. , Rood Dylan H. , Ellis Michael A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Quantifying rates of erosion on cliffed coasts across a range of timescales is vital for understanding the drivers and processes of coastal change and for assessing risks posed by future cliff retreat. Historical records cover at best the last 150 years; cosmogenic isotopes, such as 10Be could allow us to look further into the past to assess coastal change on millennial timescales. Cosmogenic isotopes accumulate in situ near the Earth surface and have been used extensively to quantify erosion rates, burial dates and surface exposure ages in terrestrial landscapes over the last 3 decades. More recently, applications in rocky coast settings have quantified the timing of mass wasting events, determined long-term averaged rates of cliff retreat and revealed the exposure history of shore platforms. In this contribution, we develop and explore a numerical model for the accumulation of 10Be on eroding shore platforms. In a series of numerical experiments, we investigated the influence of topographic and water shielding, dynamic platform erosion processes, the presence and variation in beach cover, and heterogeneous distribution of erosion on the distribution of 10Be across shore platforms. Results demonstrate that, taking into account relative sea level change and tides, the concentration of 10Be is sensitive to rates of cliff retreat. Factors such as topographic shielding and beach cover act to reduce 10Be concentrations on the platform and may result in overestimation of cliff retreat rates if not accounted for. The shape of the distribution of 10Be across a shore platform can potentially reveal whether cliff retreat rates are declining or accelerating through time. Measurement of 10Be in shore platforms has great potential to allow us to quantify long-term rates of cliff retreat and platform erosion.
Age-dependent change of coalitionary strategy in male Barbary macaques
Authors: Rathke Eva-Maria , Berghänel Andreas , Bissonnette Annie , Ostner Julia , Schülke Oliver 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Inter- and intra-specific variation in the propensity to form coalitions has been explained by variation in the availability of suitable partners, distribution of fighting ability, coalition profitability, and costs of coordination. Male coalition formation can be an alternative reproductive strategy to one-on-one competition to maximize male reproductive success. Here we focus on age as a state variable to explain within-group variation in individual propensity to form coalitions against other group members. We specifically test the prediction that males conditionally switch from a solo strategy for achievement of high mating success to a cooperative strategy after reaching post-prime age in male Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). We combined new observations with data collected in 2006 and 2008 on the same individuals from one captive group living in semi-natural conditions at Affenberg Salem, Germany, and found that in all years males between 5 and 13 years formed significantly fewer coalitions than males 14 years and older (post-prime). More importantly, we found those males that aged into the post-prime phase to have switched their reproductive strategy and to form significantly more coalitions in 2014 compared to 2008. These first longitudinal data together with earlier cross-sectional analyses in this and other primate species suggest that group-level measures of coalition propensity may be strongly affected by the age composition of groups and that male coalition formation can be a conditional reproductive strategy.
Diagnosing the decline in climatic mass balance of glaciers in Svalbard over 1957–2014
Authors: Østby Torbjørn Ims , Schuler Thomas Vikhamar , Hagen Jon Ove , Hock Regine , Kohler Jack , Reijmer Carleen H. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Estimating the long-term mass balance of the high-Arctic Svalbard archipelago is difficult due to the incomplete geodetic and direct glaciological measurements, both in space and time. To close these gaps, we use a coupled surface energy balance and snow pack model to analyse the mass changes of all Svalbard glaciers for the period 1957–2014. The model is forced by ERA-40 and ERA-Interim reanalysis data, downscaled to 1 km resolution. The model is validated using snow/firn temperature and density measurements, mass balance from stakes and ice cores, meteorological measurements, snow depths from radar profiles and remotely sensed surface albedo and skin temperatures. Overall model performance is good, but it varies regionally. Over the entire period the model yields a climatic mass balance of 8.2 cm w. e.  yr−1, which corresponds to a mass input of 175 Gt. Climatic mass balance has a linear trend of −1.4 ± 0.4 cm w. e.  yr−2 with a shift from a positive to a negative regime around 1980. Modelled mass balance exhibits large interannual variability, which is controlled by summer temperatures and further amplified by the albedo feedback. For the recent period 2004–2013 climatic mass balance was −21 cm w. e.  yr−1, and accounting for frontal ablation estimated by Błaszczyk et al.(2009) yields a total Svalbard mass balance of −39 cm w. e.  yr−1 for this 10-year period. In terms of eustatic sea level, this corresponds to a rise of 0.037 mm yr−1. Refreezing of water in snow and firn is substantial at 22 cm w. e.  yr−1 or 26 % of total annual accumulation. However, as warming leads to reduced firn area over the period, refreezing decreases both absolutely and relative to the total accumulation. Negative mass balance and elevated equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) resulted in massive reduction of the thick (>  2 m) firn extent and an increase in the superimposed ice, thin (<  2 m) firn and bare ice extents. Atmospheric warming also leads to a marked change in the thermal regime, with cooling of the glacier mid-elevation and warming in the ablation zone and upper firn areas. On the long-term, by removing the thermal barrier, this warming has implications for the vertical transfer of surface meltwater through the glacier and down to the base, influencing basal hydrology, sliding and thereby overall glacier motion.
Rapportageverplichtingen omtrent maatschappelijk verantwoord ondernemen: ontwikkelingen in wetgeving en praktijk
Authors: Pabbruwe S.N. , Streiff F. 
Published: January 2017

Rapportageverplichtingen omtrent maatschappelijk verantwoord ondernemen: ontwikkelingen in wetgeving en praktijk
Ondernemingen rapporteren steeds vaker op vrijwillige basis over duurzaamheid. Dit artikel bespreekt die maatschappelijke trend en de daarop aansluitende regelgeving, zoals de Europese richtlijn die bepaalde ondernemingen verplicht om te rapporteren over niet-financiële onderwerpen, zoals mensenrechten, corruptie en milieu, evenals de mogelijke rol voor de Corporate Governance Code.
Het onderzoeksverslag in enquêteprocedures: openheid versus vertrouwelijkheid
Authors: de Kraker H.J. 
Published: January 2017

Het onderzoeksverslag in enquêteprocedures: openheid versus vertrouwelijkheid
Dit artikel bevat een overzicht van recente uitspraken van de Ondernemingskamer met betrekking tot verzoeken tot inzage in het onderzoeksverslag of machtiging om het met derden te delen. In dat kader wordt telkens een belangenafweging gemaakt tussen openheid en vertrouwelijkheid.
Creatividad y tecnología. Influencias mutuas para un enfoque docente
Authors: Entenza Rodríguez Ana , Tena Parera Daniel , Martínez Bouza José Manuel 
Published: January 2017

A veces, cuando se crea un mensaje publicitario, puede suceder que las prioridades del anunciante, el equipo creativo y la empresa de producción no coincidan: el anunciante querrá el mejor aspecto posible dentro de un presupuesto; el equipo creativo un trabajo espectacular; y las empresas de producción, diponer de piezas que se puedan reproducir industrialmente, con la calidad exigida por su cliente. Cuando los intereses no coinciden aparecen los problemas, ¿cómo evitarlo? Creemos que si, desde las plataformas académicas, enseñamos a los futuros creativos los conocimientos técnicos necesarios mejorará su producto creativo.
Induced thermoluminescence as a method for dating recent volcanism: Eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho, USA
Authors: Sears Derek W. G. , Sears Hazel , Sehlke Alexander , Hughes Scott S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe induced thermoluminescence properties of 24 samples of basalts from volcanoes in the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho, were measured as part of an investigation into the possibility of using this technique for dating purposes. The volcanic flows sampled ranged in age from 2200 years to ~400,000 years. The thermoluminescence (TL) sensitivity values obtained, i.e., maximum induced TL normalized to that of the Dhajala meteorite (where Dhajala = 1000), ranged from 1.6 ± 0.3 to 226 ± 15 and showed a correlation between log TL and age with an r2 value of 0.47. Thus, TL sensitivity values correlate with age in the manner expected, although there is a high level of scatter. We discuss various mechanisms for the correlation and scatter, particularly (1) the role of primary (igneous processes) and secondary (solid state processes), (2) composition of the plagioclase feldspar, and (3) weathering. The induced TL signal from feldspars, the mineral responsible for the TL, is strongly dependent on their composition, and correcting for this improved the correlation (r2 = 0.7). Variations in primary feldspar are affecting the data, but we find no evidence that weathering of the samples is important. Further work is required to explore the remaining causes for the scatter and the TL‐age trend. However, it is clear from the present study that induced TL has the potential for dating volcanism on the 2200 to 400,000 year time frame. This dating method, if successful, would be well‐suited to spacecraft use since it requires low mass and low power instruments with a low data demand.
Influence of atmospheric rivers on vegetation productivity and fire patterns in the southwestern U.S.
Authors: Albano Christine M. , Dettinger Michael D. , Soulard Christopher E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn the southwestern U.S., the meteorological phenomenon known as atmospheric rivers (ARs) has gained increasing attention due to its strong connections to floods, snowpacks, and water supplies in the West Coast states. Relatively less is known about the ecological implications of ARs, particularly in the interior Southwest, where AR storms are less common. To address this gap, we compared a chronology of AR landfalls on the west coast between 1989 and 2011 and between 25°N and 42.5°N to annual metrics of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; an indicator of vegetation productivity) and daily resolution precipitation data to assess influences of AR‐fed winter precipitation on vegetation productivity across the southwestern U.S. We mapped correlations between winter AR precipitation during landfalling ARs and (1) annual maximum NDVI and (2) area burned by large wildfires summarized by ecoregion during the same year as the landfalls and during the following year. Interannual variations of AR precipitation strongly influenced both NDVI and area burned by wildfire in some dryland ecoregions. The influence of ARs on dryland vegetation varied significantly depending on the latitude of landfall, with those ARs making landfall below 35°N latitude more strongly influencing these systems, and with effects observed as far as 1300 km from the landfall location. As climatologists' understanding of the synoptic patterns associated with the occurrence of ARs continues to evolve, an increased understanding of how AR landfalls, in aggregate, influence vegetation productivity and associated wildfire activity in dryland ecosystems may provide opportunities to better predict ecological responses to climate and climate change.
Modeling glacier‐surface albedo across Svalbard for the 1979–2015 period: The HiRSvaC500‐α data set
Authors: Möller Marco , Möller Rebecca 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlbedo is an important quantity for determining the energy balance of snow and ice surfaces and thus also for the mass balance of glaciers. It is especially important in polar regions where shortwave radiation fluxes typically provide most of the energy input to a glacier. In order to use albedo data in any spatially distributed glaciological modeling, it is vital that the albedo fields are not only of high accuracy but also available on sufficiently high spatial resolution and in a manner that is consistent over time. This article presents the newly developed data set HiRSvaC500‐α, which provides daily updated, gapless albedo fields for all glacierized areas of the Arctic archipelago Svalbard on a 500 m resolution over the period 1979–2015. Albedo modeling for creation of the data set is done using a multistep geostatistical approach on the basis of remotely sensed Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) albedo data and gridded ERA‐Interim climate data. Validation of the modeled HiRSvaC500‐α albedo fields against in situ albedo measurements at automatic weather stations operated on two different glaciers suggests that the accuracy of the newly developed data set lies close to that of remotely sensed MODIS albedo data. An analysis of the HiRSvaC500‐α albedo data set yields a mean annual‐average albedo of 0.754 across all glaciers of Svalbard over 1979–2015. A decrease of albedo with time is found, following a highly significant (95% level) trend of −0.010 per decade. For certain subregions, this trend even reaches up to −0.014 per decade.
Trichlorethen, 1,1,1‐Trichlorethan, 1,1,2,2‐Tetrachlorethan und Tetrachlorethen – Bestimmung von Trichloressigsäure in Urin mittels Headspace‐Gaschromatographie‐Massenspektrometrie [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2017]
Authors: Will W. , Bader M. , Berger‐Preiss E. , Göen T. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: January 2017

Trichloroethene, 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane and tetrachloroethene – Determination of trichloroacetic acid in urine using headspace‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometryTrichloroacetic acid is a metabolite of several chlorinated hydrocarbons which are often used as solvents, such as 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane, tetrachloroethene and above all trichloroethene.The described method enables the determination of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in urine and is based on the quantitative, thermolytic degradation of TCA into carbon dioxide and chloroform (trichloromethane) in an aqueous solution. The analyte is chloroform, which can be quantified using headspace‐gas chromatography and a mass selective detector in the Selected‐Ion‐Monitoring‐mode. For quantitation, a calibration is carried out using standard solutions in pooled urine or water which are processed and analysed in the same way as the samples. The validation of the procedure showed a precision in the range of 4.0 to 5.5%. Mean accuracy ranged from 95 to 118%. LOQ was found to be 0.03 mg TCA per liter urine.
Cyclohexylamin [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2017]
Authors: Hartwig Andrea ,   MAK‐Kommission
Published: January 2017

Cyclohexylamine [cyclohexanamine]
The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) for cyclohexylamine.

A 4‐hour inhalation study with volunteers showed clear irritation at 10 ml/m
3
, whereas a time‐weighted average concentration of 2 ml/m
3
with peaks of up to 4 ml/m
3
was without impact on sensory irritation parameters and neurobehavioral measurements. The MAK value of 2 ml/m
3
and classification in Peak Limitation Category I has been retained. No irritation was observed up to 4 ml/m
3
; therefore, the excursion factor 2 has been retained as well. As cyclohexylamine is a strong base and 10 ml/m
3
is clearly irritating, a momentary value of 5 ml/m
3
is set.
Developmental Reversals in Report Conformity: Psycho‐Legal Implications
Authors: Kim In‐Kyeong , Kwon Enoch S. , Ceci Stephen J. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryYoung children, young adults, and older adults witnessed a scene in groups of four same‐aged acquaintances. Unbeknownst to the group, a technology allowed the scene to appear differently to one member (minority) than to the others (majority), which obviated the need to rehearse confederates or to artificially provide misinformation for the report conformity effect. After viewing, participants had public recollections, and 3 days later, their cued memory and confidence (for adults) were tested privately. Majority members' reports influenced the minority members' but only for adults, not for children (17% conformity compared with 35% for adults), thus providing evidence of developmental reversals in memory reports of verbatim details. Answer changes between the sessions were dramatically higher for minority participants at all three ages (6.7 vs. 66.7% for children, 10 vs. 50% for younger adults, and 26.7 vs. 63.3% for older adults). We discuss the implications of these findings for questioning cowitnesses.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.