bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensomotorisches Laufbandtraining bei Morbus Parkinson
Authors: Peters Kristin 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit Morbus Parkinson können mit regelmäßigem Laufbandtraining Ganggeschwindigkeit und Schrittlänge verbessern und damit dem typischen krankheitsbedingten Gangbild entgegenwirken. Aber auch die dynamische Gleichgewichtskontrolle während des Gehens ist gestört und das Sturzrisiko erhöht, was besonders bei der Fortbewegung in natürlicher Umgebung relevant ist. Die Gangtherapie auf dem Laufband spiegelt diese Anforderungen an das Gleichgewichtssystem jedoch nicht wider. Deshalb haben die Autoren ein neues sensomotorisches Laufband evaluiert, das durch kleine, ständig wechselnde Kippbewegungen der Lauffläche, das Gehen auf unebenen Untergründen simuliert und die dynamische Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit trainiert. Der Artikel stellt das sensomotorische Laufbandtraining vor und stellt die Ergebnisse einer ersten Pilotstudie vor.
Telferia Occidentalis and Vitamin C Attenuate Phenylhydrazine-Induced Haemolytic Anaemia and Associated Cardio-renal Dysfunctions via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Proapoptotic -Protein (Bax) Expressions
Authors: Ajibade Temitayo , Oyagbemi Ademola , Omobowale Temidayo , Asenuga Ebunoluwa , Saba Adebowale 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background The study investigated the modulatory roles of the aqueous leaf extract of Telferia occidentalis, a traditional haematinic, and vitamin C on cardiovascular dysfunction associated with subchronic Phenylhydrazine exposure.
Methods Fifty adult male rats were randomly selected and divided into one of five groups of ten animals each: Control; 40 mgkg−1 Phenylhydrazine (PHZ); PHZ with 100 mgkg−1 T.occidentalis; PHZ with 200 mgkg−1 T.occidentalis; and PHZ with 100 mgkg−1 vitamin C.
Results Oral exposure of rats to PHZ, without T. occidentalis or vitamin C treatment, resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the haematological parameters, but increased the blood pressure parameters of rats However, treatment with vitamin C and T. occidentalis leaf extract significantly (p<0.05) ameliorated the aforementioned PHZ-induced alterations of rats haemogram, and blood pressure. Biochemical analysis revealed significant (p<0.05) reduction in the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase of untreated PHZ-exposed rats, but the levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and myeloperoxidase of the rats were significantly (p<0.05) increased compared with those of the extract treated rats. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a greater expression of Bax-protein in the cardiac and renal tissues of the untreated PHZ exposed rats, compared with the extract and vitamin C treated groups.
Conclusions The mitigation of oxidative stress and inhibition of Bax-protein expression are probable mechanisms of action of T. occidentalis in the amelioration of haemolytic anaemia, and its use as adjunct medication in the management of some diseases is justifiable
Comparison of the Morphology, Anatomy, and Chemical Profile of Mikania glomerata and Mikania laevigata
Authors: Costa Vanessa , Borghi Alexandre , Mayer Juliana , Sawaya Alexandra 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Mikania glomerata and Mikania laevigata are medicinal plants popularly used in Brazil for colds and asthma. Although several studies report differences in their composition, they are frequently used indistinctly, which may be due to misidentification of the species or the plant part used. Herein, the chemical, anatomical, and morphological profiles of both species were evaluated, seeking to differentiate them. Due to the pattern of secondary metabolites found in M. glomerata and M. laevigata, the chemical profile of the leaves was the characteristic that best differentiated the two species. Coumarin was present in all the leaf samples of M. laevigata but absent or in low concentration in leaf samples of M. glomerata. The stems presented coumarin in both species, albeit in different concentrations. The quantification of chlorogenic and dicaffeoylquinic acids was crucial for the separation of the two species, as higher concentrations are found in M. glomerata. The anatomic structure of the leaves, stem, and petioles of both species was conserved, even when exposed to different environments, but presented only subtle differences between species. The morphology of the leaves presented different characteristics for each species but altered when exposed to shade. Therefore, the chemical analysis together with the morphological characteristics of plants grown in full sunlight may be used for the correct identification of these species.
Metropolitan and city-regional politics in the urban age: why does “(smart) devolution” matter?
Authors: Calzada Igor 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn recent years, two apparently contradictory but, in fact, complementary socio-political phenomena have reinforced each other in the European urban realm: the re-scaling of nation-states through “devolution” and the emergence of two opposed versions of “nationalism” (that is, ethnic, non-metropolitanised, state-centric, exclusive, and right-wing populist nationalism and civic, metropolitanized, stateless, inclusive and progressivist-emancipatory-social democratic nationalism). In light of these intertwined phenomena, this article shows how an ongoing, pervasive and uneven “metropolitanisation effect” is increasingly shaping city-regional political responses by overlapping metropolitan, city-regional, and national political scales and agendas. This effect is clear in three European cases driven by “civic nationalism” that are altering their referential nation-states’ uniformity through “devolution”. This article compares three metropolitan (and city-regional) cases in the United Kingdom and in Spain, namely, Glasgow (Scotland), Barcelona (Catalonia) and Bilbao (Basque Country), by benchmarking their policy implementation and the tensions produced in reference to their nation-states. Fieldwork was conducted from January 2015 to June 2017 through in-depth interviews with stakeholders in the three locations. Despite the so-calledpluri-national and federal dilemmas, this article contributes to the examination of the side effects of “metropolitanisation” by considering three arguments based on geo-economics (“prosperous competitiveness”), geo-politics (“smart devolution”), and geo-democratics (“right to decide”). Finally, this article adds to the existing research on metropolitan and city-regional politics by demonstrating why “devolution” matters and why it must be considered seriously. The “metropolitanisation effect” is key to understanding and transforming the current configurations of nation-states, such as the United Kingdom and Spain (as we currently know them), beyond internal discord aroundpluri-nationality and quasi-federalism. This article concludes by suggesting the term “smart devolution” to promote more imaginative and entrepreneurial approaches to metropolitan and city-regional politics, policies, and experimental democracy within these nation-states. These approaches can identify and pursue “smart” avenues of timely, subtle and innovative political strategies for change in the ongoing re-scaling devolution processes occurring in the United Kingdom and in Spain and in the consequent changes in the prospects for the refoundational momentum in the EU.
Color naming across languages reflects color use
Authors: Gibson Edward , Futrell Richard , Jara-Ettinger Julian , Mahowald Kyle , Bergen Leon , Ratnasingam Sivalogeswaran , Gibson Mitchell , Piantadosi Steven T. , Conway Bevil R. 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceThe number of color terms varies drastically across languages. Yet despite these differences, certain terms (e.g., red) are prevalent, which has been attributed to perceptual salience. This work provides evidence for an alternative hypothesis: The use of color terms depends on communicative needs. Across languages, from the hunter-gatherer Tsimane' people of the Amazon to students in Boston, warm colors are communicated more efficiently than cool colors. This cross-linguistic pattern reflects the color statistics of the world: Objects (what we talk about) are typically warm-colored, and backgrounds are cool-colored. Communicative needs also explain why the number of color terms varies across languages: Cultures vary in how useful color is. Industrialization, which creates objects distinguishable solely based on color, increases color usefulness.
Exposure to seismic air gun signals causes physiological harm and alters behavior in the scallop
Pecten fumatus
Authors: Day Ryan D. , McCauley Robert D. , Fitzgibbon Quinn P. , Hartmann Klaas , Semmens Jayson M. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Seismic surveys are used around the world as the primary means to explore for oil and gas deposits. Almost nothing is known regarding the impact of these sound signals on marine invertebrates. In this study, the physiological and behavioral effects of exposure on a commercially important bivalve, the scallop, were quantified. Following a field-based air gun exposure regime, exposed scallops were found to have significantly increased mortality rates; disrupted behavioral patterns and reflex responses, both during and following exposure; and altered hemolymph biochemistry, physiology, and osmoregulation capacity. These results indicate that air gun exposure has a harmful impact on scallops and raises concern over the impact on bivalves, due to their global ecological and economic importance.
Arabidopsism6A demethylase activity modulates viral infection of a plant virus and the m6A abundance in its genomic RNAs
Authors: Martínez-Pérez Mireya , Aparicio Frederic , López-Gresa Maria Pilar , Bellés Jose María , Sánchez-Navarro Jesus A. , Pallás Vicente 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceN6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been found to constitute an important regulatory mechanism in RNA biology. Unlike mammals and yeast, no component of the m6A cellular machinery has been described in plants at present. Although the influence of the m6A cellular machinery has been suspected to occur in the plant virus cycle, it has never been proved. Here we have identified a plant protein with m6A demethylase activity (atALKBH9B) and demonstrate that this protein removes m6A modification from RNA in vitro. Remarkably, we found that m6A abundance on the viral genome of alfalfa mosaic virus is influenced by atALKBH9B activity and regulates viral infection. This study extends the vast repertoire that plants exploit to control cytoplasmic-replicating RNA viruses.
BPM-CUL3 E3 ligase modulates thermotolerance by facilitating negative regulatory domain-mediated degradation of DREB2A in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Morimoto Kyoko , Ohama Naohiko , Kidokoro Satoshi , Mizoi Junya , Takahashi Fuminori , Todaka Daisuke , Mogami Junro , Sato Hikaru , Qin Feng , Kim June-Sik , Fukao Yoichiro , Fujiwara Masayuki , Shinozaki Kazuo , Yamaguchi-Shinozaki Kazuko 
Published: September 2017

Significance
DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN 2A (DREB2A) is a key transcription factor for plant adaptation to drought and heat. DREB2A activity is strictly regulated via proteolysis mediated by the negative regulatory domain (NRD), although the molecular basis for this regulation has remained unclear for a decade. We reveal that BTB/POZ AND MATH DOMAIN proteins (BPMs), substrate adaptors for Cullin3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase, are the long-sought factors responsible for NRD-dependent DREB2A degradation. Through DREB2A degradation, BPMs negatively regulate the heat stress response and prevent the adverse effects of excess DREB2A on plant growth. Furthermore, we found the BPM recognition motif in various transcription factors, implying a general contribution of BPM-mediated proteolysis to divergent cellular responses via an accelerated turnover of transcription factors.
IgH isotype-specific B cell receptor expression influences B cell fate
Authors: Tong Pei , Granato Alessandra , Zuo Teng , Chaudhary Neha , Zuiani Adam , Han Seung Seok , Donthula Rakesh , Shrestha Akritee , Sen Debattama , Magee Jennifer M. , Gallagher Michael P. , van der Poel Cees E. , Carroll Michael C. , Wesemann Duane R. 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceB cells produce antibodies in the context of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) isotypes (e.g., IgM, IgG, and IgE). Each of these is generated either as secreted proteins or as membrane-bound B cell antigen receptors (BCRs). While much is known about how IgH isotype dictates effector function of soluble antibodies, the role of antibody isotype in the context of BCRs is not well defined. Here we demonstrate that the membrane-bound versions (mIg) of IgM, IgG1, and IgE are produced from their natural genomic loci in a hierarchal fashion, where mRNA transcripts for mIgM are always more dominant than mIgG1, which are always more dominant than mIgE, regardless of cell stage. These isotype-specific expression differences contribute to B cell regulation.
Amazon plant diversity revealed by a taxonomically verified species list
Authors: Cardoso Domingos , Särkinen Tiina , Alexander Sara , Amorim André M. , Bittrich Volker , Celis Marcela , Daly Douglas C. , Fiaschi Pedro , Funk Vicki A. , Giacomin Leandro L. , Goldenberg Renato , Heiden Gustavo , Iganci João , Kelloff Carol L. , Knapp Sandra , Cavalcante de Lima Haroldo , Machado Anderson F. P. , dos Santos Rubens Manoel , Mello-Silva Renato , Michelangeli Fabián A. , Mitchell John , Moonlight Peter , de Moraes Pedro Luís Rodrigues , Mori Scott A. , Nunes Teonildes Sacramento , Pennington Terry D. , Pirani José Rubens , Prance Ghillean T. , de Queiroz Luciano Paganucci , Rapini Alessandro , Riina Ricarda , Rincon Carlos Alberto Vargas , Roque Nádia , Shimizu Gustavo , Sobral Marcos , Stehmann João Renato , Stevens Warren D. , Taylor Charlotte M. , Trovó Marcelo , van den Berg Cássio , van der Werff Henk , Viana Pedro Lage , Zartman Charles E. , Forzza Rafaela Campostrini 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Large floristic datasets that purportedly represent the diversity and composition of the Amazon tree flora are being widely used to draw conclusions about the patterns and evolution of Amazon plant diversity, but these datasets are fundamentally flawed in both their methodology and the resulting content. We have assembled a comprehensive dataset of Amazonian seed plant species from published sources that includes falsifiable data based on voucher specimens identified by taxonomic specialists. This growing list should serve as a basis for addressing the long-standing debate on the number of plant species in the Amazon, as well as for downstream ecological and evolutionary analyses aimed at understanding the origin and function of the exceptional biodiversity of the vast Amazonian forests.
Sirt7 promotes adipogenesis in the mouse by inhibiting autocatalytic activation of Sirt1
Authors: Fang Jian , Ianni Alessandro , Smolka Christian , Vakhrusheva Olesya , Nolte Hendrik , Krüger Marcus , Wietelmann Astrid , Simonet Nicolas G. , Adrian-Segarra Juan M. , Vaquero Alejandro , Braun Thomas , Bober Eva 
Published: September 2017

Significance
This paper describes a mechanism of regulation of Sirt1 activity by Sirt7. Deacetylases Sirt1 and Sirt7 belong to the mammalian family of seven sirtuins, which play important regulatory roles in several biological processes such as metabolism and aging. We discovered that Sirt1 is able to augment its own catalytical activity by autodeacetylation. Sirt7 binds to Sirt1 and inhibits its activity. The biological importance of this regulation was revealed in the differentiation and maintenance of white adipose tissue (WAT). Sirt7 knockout mice contain a significantly diminished amount of WAT due to the increased Sirt1 activity and Sirt1 inhibition restores WAT in Sirt7 knockout mice.
Americans misperceive racial economic equality
Authors: Kraus Michael W. , Rucker Julian M. , Richeson Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Race-based economic inequality is both a defining and persistent feature of the United States that is at odds with national narratives regarding progress toward racial equality. This work examines perceptions of Black–White differences in economic outcomes, both in the past and present. We find that Americans, on average, systematically overestimate the extent to which society has progressed toward racial economic equality, driven largely by overestimates of current racial equality. Notably, White Americans generated more accurate estimates of Black–White equality when asked to consider the persistence of race-based discrimination in American society. The findings suggest a profound misperception of and misplaced optimism regarding contemporary societal racial economic equality—a misperception that is likely to have important consequences for public policy.
Macroevolutionary shifts of
WntA
function potentiate butterfly wing-pattern diversity
Authors: Mazo-Vargas Anyi , Concha Carolina , Livraghi Luca , Massardo Darli , Wallbank Richard W. R. , Zhang Linlin , Papador Joseph D. , Martinez-Najera Daniel , Jiggins Chris D. , Kronforst Marcus R. , Breuker Casper J. , Reed Robert D. , Patel Nipam H. , McMillan W. Owen , Martin Arnaud 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Our study assesses the long-held hypothesis that evolution of new gene functions underlies the diversification of animal forms. To do this, we systematically compared the patterning roles of a single gene across seven butterfly species. Under a null hypothesis of gene stasis, each knockout experiment should yield directly comparable phenotypes. We instead observed a varied repertoire of lineage-specific effects in different wing regions, demonstrating that the repeated modification of a key instructive signal was instrumental in the complex evolution of wing color patterns. These comparative data confirm the heuristic potential of CRISPR mutagenesis in nontraditional model organisms and illustrate the principle that biodiversity can emerge from the tinkering of homologous genetic factors.
Multiscale characterization of the mineral phase at skeletal sites of breast cancer metastasis
Authors: He Frank , Chiou Aaron E. , Loh Hyun Chae , Lynch Maureen , Seo Bo Ri , Song Young Hye , Lee Min Joon , Hoerth Rebecca , Bortel Emely L. , Willie Bettina M. , Duda Georg N. , Estroff Lara A. , Masic Admir , Wagermaier Wolfgang , Fratzl Peter , Fischbach Claudia 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals are key constituents of the bone extracellular matrix and thus likely to influence the pathogenesis of breast cancer skeletal metastasis. However, there is currently an insufficient understanding of HA nanocrystal properties at sites prone to bone metastasis formation. Here we report a novel application of X-ray scattering and Raman imaging to characterize HA nanostructure in mouse models of breast cancer. Our results suggest that bone regions linked with the initiation of metastasis contain less-mature HA nanocrystals and that mammary tumors enhance HA nanocrystal immaturity in these regions even prior to secondary tumor formation. Insights from this work will significantly advance the development of mineralized culture models to investigate how the bone microenvironment regulates breast cancer metastasis.
Intermittent photocatalytic activity of single CdS nanoparticles
Authors: Fang Yimin , Li Zhimin , Jiang Yingyan , Wang Xian , Chen Hong-Yuan , Tao Nongjian , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Semiconductor photocatalysis holds promising keys to address various energy and environmental challenges. While conventional wisdom suggests a continuous photocatalytic reaction under constant light illumination, in the present article we report the discovery of intermittent photocatalytic activity at single CdS nanoparticle level. The observed intermittent photocatalysis is a photochemical consequence of its intrinsic photoexcitation processes. The latter is also responsible for the well-known fluorescence photoblinking of single-semiconductor quantum dots, a photophysical phenomenon that was discovered in the 1990s. The intermittent photocatalysis (a photochemical process) reported here could be an exciting complement of the beautiful picture of semiconductor photophysics and photochemistry, with significant implications in many application fields from clean energy to pollution treatment.
Endothelial insulin receptors differentially control insulin signaling kinetics in peripheral tissues and brain of mice
Authors: Konishi Masahiro , Sakaguchi Masaji , Lockhart Samuel M. , Cai Weikang , Li Mengyao Ella , Homan Erica P. , Rask-Madsen Christian , Kahn C. Ronald 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Circulating hormones must cross the vascular endothelium to elicit their actions in target tissues via either transcytosis or paracellular diffusion. Insulin receptors on endothelial cells are believed to mediate transcytosis of circulating insulin, but how this affects insulin action in vivo is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that knockout of insulin receptors on endothelial cells delays the kinetics of activation of insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, fat, and several regions of the brain but not in liver or olfactory bulb. This alters the kinetics of insulin action in vivo and induces tissue-specific insulin resistance leading to dysregulated glucose and body weight homeostasis.
Flow-induced gelation of microfiber suspensions
Authors: Perazzo Antonio , Nunes Janine K. , Guido Stefano , Stone Howard A. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Suspensions of flexible fibers usually behave as shear thinning fluids; that is, their effective viscosity, or resistance to flow, decreases as they are exposed to higher shear stresses. Here we demonstrate that for suspensions created with very-high-aspect-ratio fibers, which are highly flexible, shear thickening behavior of a fiber suspension is obtained. Such a property can be exploited to produce a biocompatible hydrogel by injecting the suspension from a standard needle and syringe without any chemical reactions (unlike a chemically cross-linked hydrogel) or chemical interactions (unlike a traditional physical hydrogel). Once extruded, the hydrogel is a yield-stress material with potentially useful mechanical properties for bioengineering and biomedical applications.
Repeat E anchors Xist RNA to the inactive X chromosomal compartment through CDKN1A-interacting protein (CIZ1)
Authors: Sunwoo Hongjae , Colognori David , Froberg John E. , Jeon Yesu , Lee Jeannie T. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
The long noncoding Xist RNA coats and silences one X chromosome in female cells. How Xist localizes in cis to the inactive X compartment is not clear. Here, we reveal a required interaction between CIZ1 protein and Xist Repeat E motifs. Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) shows a tight association of CIZ1 with Xist RNA at the single-molecule level. Deletion of either CIZ1 or Repeat E causes dispersal of Xist RNA throughout the nucleoplasm, as well as loss of the heterochromatin mark H3K27me3 from the inactive X chromosome. We have thus identified a critical factor for stable association of Xist RNA with the inactive X chromosome.
Cytosine deamination and base excision repair cause R-loop–induced CAG repeat fragility and instability in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Su Xiaofeng A. , Freudenreich Catherine H. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
R-loops form when transcribed RNA remains bound to its DNA template to form a stable RNA:DNA hybrid. Stable R-loops at a CAG/CTG repeat tract, a sequence that can expand to cause human disease, cause DNA breaks as well as repeat instability. We found that R-loop–induced deamination of cytosines followed by base excision repair is responsible for causing CAG repeat breaks and contractions. Intriguingly, R-loop–dependent double-strand breaks were caused by the MutL gamma endonuclease, which is known to recognize structured DNA and cause nicks, defining a new mechanism for how R-loops can generate DNA breaks. Our results have implications for human repeat expansion diseases and provide a paradigm for how RNA:DNA hybrids can cause genome instability at structure-forming DNA sequences.