bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process-Oriented Microstructure Evolution of Vss-V3Si-V5SiB2 Materials
Authors: Krüger M. , Köppe-Grabow B. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Vanadium silicide alloys are potentially interesting high temperature materials, since they combine high mechanical strength at temperatures of up to 1 000 °C with a low density. In this study, the microstructures of innovative V-Si-B high temperature materials are examined using different analytical methods. The selected V-9Si-13B model alloy was manufactured using a powder metallurgical process route as well as an ingot metallurgical process. The alloys show a vanadium solid solution phase as well as the high-strength silicide phases V3Si and V5SiB2. Especially for the powder metallurgically fabricated alloy, showing finely dispersed phases, the quantification of microstructural constituents is difficult. The phases, however, can be separated from one another via computer tomography.
Concomitant Disruption of CD4 and CD8 Genes Facilitates the Development of Double Negative αβ TCR+ Peripheral T Cells That Respond Robustly to Staphylococcal Superantigen
Authors: Chowdhary Vaidehi R. , Krogman Ashton , Tilahun Ashenafi Y. , Alexander Mariam P. , David Chella S. , Rajagopalan Govindarajan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Mature peripheral double negative T (DNT) cells expressing αβ TCR but lacking CD4/CD8 coreceptors play protective as well as pathogenic roles. To better understand their development and functioning in vivo, we concomitantly inactivated CD4 and CD8 genes in mice with intact MHC class I and class II molecules with the hypothesis that this would enable the development of DNT cells. We also envisaged that these DNT cells could be activated by bacterial superantigens in vivo as activation of T cells by superantigens does not require CD4 and CD8 coreceptors. Because HLA class II molecules present superantigens more efficiently than murine MHC class II molecules, CD4 CD8 double knockout (DKO) mice transgenically expressing HLA-DR3 or HLA-DQ8 molecules were generated. Although thymic cellularity was comparable between wild type (WT) and DKO mice, CD3+ αβ TCR+ thymocytes were significantly reduced in DKO mice, implying defects in thymic-positive selection. Splenic CD3+ αβ TCR+ cells and Foxp3+ T regulatory cells were present in DKO mice but significantly reduced. However, the in vivo inflammatory responses and immunopathology elicited by acute challenge with the staphylococcal superantigen enterotoxin B were comparable between WT and DKO mice. Choric exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin B precipitated a lupus-like inflammatory disease with characteristic lympho-monocytic infiltration in lungs, livers, and kidneys, along with production of anti-nuclear Abs in DKO mice as in WT mice. Overall, our results suggest that DNT cells can develop efficiently in vivo and chronic exposure to bacterial superantigens may precipitate a lupus-like autoimmune disease through activation of DNT cells.
Using Visualization of t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding To Identify Immune Cell Subsets in Mouse Tumors
Authors: Acuff Nicole V. , Linden Joel 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
High-dimensional flow cytometry is proving to be valuable for the study of subtle changes in tumor-associated immune cells. As flow panels become more complex, detection of minor immune cell populations by traditional gating using biaxial plots, or identification of populations that display small changes in multiple markers, may be overlooked. Visualization of t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (viSNE) is an unsupervised analytical tool designed to aid the analysis of high-dimensional cytometry data. In this study we use viSNE to analyze the simultaneous binding of 15 fluorophore-conjugated Abs and one cell viability probe to immune cells isolated from syngeneic mouse MB49 bladder tumors, spleens, and tumor-draining lymph nodes to identify patterns of anti-tumor immune responses. viSNE maps identified populations in multidimensional space of known immune cells, including T cells, B cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and NK cells. Based on the expression of CD86 and programmed cell death protein 1, CD8+ T cells were divided into distinct populations. Additionally, both CD8+ T cells and CD8+ dendritic cells were identified in the tumor microenvironment. Apparent differences between splenic and tumor polymorphonuclear cells/granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells are due to the loss of CD44 upon enzymatic digestion of tumors. In conclusion, viSNE is a valuable tool for high-dimensional analysis of immune cells in tumor-bearing mice, which eliminates gating biases and identifies immune cell subsets that may be missed by traditional gating.
Fundamentos Para La Elaboración De Manuscritos Científicos En Trauma Y Cuidado Agudo De Emergencias (Parte 3): Como Seleccionar La Mejor Opción Para Publicar Su Trabajo: Más Allá Del Factor De Impacto
Authors: Echeverri Raúl A , Montenegro Jorge H , Oviedo María A , León Angel F , Rubiano Andrés M 
Published: May 2017

RESÚMEN
El número de revistas científicas aumenta cada año generando así una gran variedad de información y múltiples opciones para enviar artículos producto de investigaciones. Existen índices bibliométricos que permiten ayudar a evaluar revistas para definir que tan frecuente se publican en ellas artículos de interés para generar otras publicaciones a partir de estos artículos. Medidas como el factor de impacto o el factor H, actualmente son usadas a nivel global para identificar revistas y parametrizar autores de alta citación. Actualmente las revistas impresas estan siendo reemplazadas por las revistas electrónicas, y esta tendencia ha favorecido la proliferación de revistas o editoriales predatorias, que encuentran en la necesidad de visibilidad académica de muchos autores una oportunidad para generar un flujo importante de dinero, cobrando por la publicación de los artículos. Debido a esto, seleccionar la revista a la cual se envian los artículos es una importante tarea que debe ser realizada con precaución y bajo la supervisión de los mentores de investigación. Existen actualmente sitios web que nos ayudan a identificar revistas de riesgo o editoriales de riesgo para no caer en este tipo de situaciones en donde nuestro artículo puede ser considerado una publicación de dudosa calidad al no pasar por un proceso extricto de revisión por pares. Revistas generales reconocidas de editoriales de calidad o revistas especializadas de asociaciones científicas de alta calidad académica deben ser la primera opción a considerar independiente de los índices bibliométricos.
Acute Care Surgeon: Use of the Endo GIA Stapler for Cystic Duct Ligation in Emergent Cholecystectomy
Authors: Gracias Vicente , Truche Paul , Blitzer David , Scott Erin , Hanna Joseph 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionEndo GIA stapler use is a method to ligate cystic ducts during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the elective and emergent setting. Its use has not been widely described in the acute care surgery (ACS) setting. Our study aims to determine factors predicting Endo GIA use by acute care surgeons and evaluate when applied its safety and efficacy in emergent cholecystectomy. Additionally, we investigate the use of Endo GIA stapler with respect to conversion to open surgery, reduction in postoperative morbidity, and impact on length of stay in an ACS setting.Materials and methodsA retrospective chart review was conducted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed by ACS in a public university training hospital over 1 year. Variables associated with Endo GIA stapler use were identified through multivariate logistic regression and subsequently, assessed after optimizing the model to control for confounding effects.ResultsOf the 118 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed, the Endo GIA Stapler was used for cystic duct ligation in 20 cases. Surgeons’ dictated reason for stapler use included dilated cystic duct (45%), short cystic duct remnant (15%), inadequate room for clip ligation and division (10%), and nonspecific (45%). Patient demographic variables for Endo GIA stapled and clipped groups were not significantly different. Logistic regression revealed a significantly higher likelihood of Endo GIA stapler use in patients with comorbid biliary duct disease, preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and a trend towards significance in patients with previous emergency department (ED) visits. There was no significant difference in conversion to open surgery, postoperative morbidity, and postoperative length of stay.ConclusionComorbid biliary duct disease, previous ED visits, and preoperative ERCP are predictive of patients requiring use of the Endo GIA stapler for cystic duct ligation during emergent cholecystectomy. The use of Endo GIA stapler by Acute Care Surgeons is safe and effective.How to cite this articleTruche P, Blitzer D, Scott E, Hanna J, Gracias V, Peck G. Acute Care Surgeon: Use of the Endo GIA Stapler for Cystic Duct Ligation in Emergent Cholecystectomy. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(1):44-48.
Cracks and Fractures in Teeth
Authors: Kumar Angambakkam R Pradeep 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Cracks and fractures in teeth are difficult to diagnose and treat, especially in the initial stages. The etiology of cracks is still obscure. With an increase in both geriatric population and tooth retention, the incidence of cracked teeth can also increase. There are many types of cracks from simple craze lines to vertical root fracture. An astute clinician should make crack detection a part of diagnostic screening. Proper diagnosis and treatment of cracked teeth is not possible without knowledge of the types of cracks along with associated signs and symptoms. This review presents a brief introduction to the various types of cracks and will aid the clinician in crack identification and management.

How to cite this article
PradeepKumar AR, Subbiya A. Cracks and Fractures in Teeth. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(1):25-30.
Management of Internal Resorption: A Catch-22 Situation
Authors: Karanath Sahle AK , Geeta IB , James Jayson M 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Internal resorption (IR), a rare phenomenon, is considered to be a catch-22 situation from the standpoints of both its diagnosis and treatment. It begins initially in the pulpal space and extends into the surrounding dentin. Its diagnosis and management have been a challenge to dental practitioners. Due to its insidious pathology, IR can progress to a great extent before its detection. It is usually asymptomatic and discovered by chance on routine radiographic examinations or by a classic clinical sign, “pink spot” in the crown. The treatment of this condition should be initiated as soon as possible to prevent further loss of hard tissue or an eventual root perforation. The resorption, if progressed to involve an external communication, has poor prognosis, and the tooth cannot be retained in most cases, and hence, extraction of the tooth is indicated. In modern dentistry, patients demand more than restoration of function; they are particular about the esthetics as well, especially in the anterior region. Once the proper diagnosis is made, the treatment modality should include steps taken to conserve the tooth structure as much as possible to restore tooth form, function, and esthetics. This case report describes the management of an IR of a maxillary central incisor that was treated nonsurgically with conventional root canal treatment followed by reinforcing the tooth with esthetic fiber post and conserving the natural tooth as such. A 9-month follow-up demonstrated clinically asymptomatic and adequately functional tooth, with radiographic signs of healing. In this case report, care was taken to conserve the tooth structure and avoid further weakening of the already compromised tooth. A tooth deemed having questionable prognosis was preserved intact and showed satisfactory healing with no progression of the resorptive defect.

How to cite this article
Karanath SAK, Geeta IB, James JM. Management of Internal Resorption: A Catch-22 Situation. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(1):31-35.
A phase II trial of neoadjuvant doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by lapatinib plus docetaxel sequential with adjuvant trastuzumab for treatment of early HER2 positive breast cancers
Authors: Vidal Gregory A. , Vontela Namratha , Chen Mary , Ryder Julie M. , Sheth Struti , Guardino Ellie 
Published: May 2017

Background: The use of HER2 targeting therapy has revolutionized the treatment of HER2 positive breast cancers. Here, we investigate whether a sequential approach to dual HER2 blockade of lapatinib followed by trastuzumab will result in improved clinical outcomes.Methods: This was a single institution, open label, single arm, phase II trial in women with HER2 positive breast cancer. Volunteers were treated with sequential neoadjuvant doxorubicin (60 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) (AC) for 4 cycles followed by docetaxel (100 mg/m2) concurrent with lapatinib (1,250 mg) (TL) daily for 21 days for four cycles before definitive surgery. The primary end point was pathologic complete response (pCR).Results: The study accrued only 21 of the 71 planned patients from 2/28/2007 to 5/25/2010. All patients (100%) experienced down staging. The pCR rate was 41% (7/18). 11 patients had tumor size of T3 or greater, 3 of which experienced pCR and only 1 underwent breast conservation (lumpectomy). The most common hematologic AE (all grades) was anemia 17/21 (81%). There were no incidences of grade 3 or 4 anemia. 10 of 21 (48%) patients experience a non-hematologic grade 3 AE. The most common non-hematologic AEs (all grades) were irregular menses 20/21 (95%) and hand-foot-skin reactions 20/21 (95%). No increase cardiac abnormalities were noted. The DFS at data cut off was 87.5%.Conclusion: The provocative pCR and DFS results in this high risk locally advanced patient population should be viewed with caution given results of the Adjuvant Lapatinib And/Or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimisation study (ALTTO) clinical trial.
Ionic Liquid Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Method for the Determination of Irinotecan, an Anticancer Drug, in Water and Urine Samples Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry
Authors: Uysal Deniz , Karadaş Cennet , Kara Derya 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
A new, simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method was developed for the determination of irinotecan, an anticancer drug, in water and urine samples using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was used as the extraction solvent, and ethanol was used as the disperser solvent. The main parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including sample pH, volumeof the ionic liquid, choice of the dispersive solvent and itsvolume, concentration of NaCl, and extraction and centrifugation times, were investigated and optimized. The effect of interfering species on the recovery of irinotecan was also examined. Under optimal conditions, the LOD (3σ) was 48.7 μg/L without any preconcentration. Because the urine sample was diluted 10-fold, the LOD for urine would be 487 μg/L. However, this could be improved 16-fold if preconcentration using a 40 mL aliquot of the sample is used. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of irinotecan in tap water, river water, and urine samples spiked with 10.20 mg/L for the water samples and 8.32 mg/L for theurine sample. The average recovery values of irinotecan determined were 99.1% for tap water, 109.4% for river water, and 96.1% for urine.
Bay of Bengal salinity stratification and Indian summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillation: 1. Intraseasonal variability and causes
Authors: Li Yuanlong , Han Weiqing , Ravichandran M. , Wang Wanqiu , Shinoda Toshiaki , Lee Tong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe huge freshwater flux of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM; May–October) gives rise to strong salinity stratification in the Bay of Bengal (BoB), causing a shallow mixed layer and a thick barrier layer, which potentially affects intraseasonal oscillations of the monsoon (MISOs). In this study, intraseasonal variability of the mixed‐layer depth (MLD) and barrier layer thickness (BLT) is investigated using in situ observations from Argo floats and moored buoys and an ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The average MLD in the BoB is typically 20–30 m during the ISM, while the BLT increases from ∼10 m in May–June to 20–40 m in September–October. MISOs induce in‐phase variations in MLD and isothermal layer depth (ILD), both of which are deepened by 8–15 m during MISO active phase, while the change of BLT is small and within the error range of Argo data sampling. In the northern (southern) bay, BLT increases by ∼5 m (2 m) during MISOs owing to a larger deepening of ILD than MLD. OGCM experiments are performed to understand the underlying mechanism. In the BoB intraseasonal variations of MLD, ILD and BLT arise largely from ocean internal instability, whereas those induced by MISOs are weaker. The in‐phase variations of MLD and ILD during MISOs are induced by different processes. The MLD deepening is primarily caused by wind stress forcing, while the ILD deepening is driven by surface heat fluxes via surface cooling. The limited variability of BLT is due to the offsetting of different forcing processes.
Fractional‐order multivariable composite model reference adaptive control
Authors: Cheng Songsong , Wei Yiheng , Chen Yuquan , Wang Yong , Liang Qing 
Published: May 2017

SummaryA novel multivariable composite model reference adaptive control scheme is developed for multivariable fractional‐order systems with arbitrary relative degree. Firstly, by introducing right gain matrix to substitute left gain matrix, the stringent symmetry assumption is no longer required. The design procedures of controller with certain and uncertain high‐frequency gain matrix are then provided, respectively. The (robust) stability of the resulting closed‐loop control system is investigated by indirect Lyapunov method. It is shown that the composite model reference adaptive control can achieve better performance on output tracking than that of model reference adaptive control. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control scheme are demonstrated in 3 numerical examples.
Iron‐Promoted Radical Reactions: Current Status and Perspectives
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Mengozzi Luca , Cozzi Pier Giorgio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCatalysis based on precious metals has reached an incredible level of sophistication and has found widespread use and application, both in academia and in industry. However, owing to the environmental impact, cost, and low abundance, catalysis based on inexpensive, abundant, and environmentally benign first‐row transition metals has become a valuable alternative to traditional reactions promoted by their less‐abundant counterparts. From economic and ecological perspectives, iron salts and iron metal complexes are highly promising candidates to replace costly and toxic metals. In recent years, iron complexes have been used to promote the formation of radicals. Photoredox chemistry is a valuable method for the generation of radical species under mild conditions, but it often relies on rare‐earth‐metal complexes. The employment of iron complexes for the generation of radicals is attractive for the development of sustainable, simple, and effective procedures. In this Focus Review, we highlight and summarize recent radical reactions promoted by iron complexes and their application in organic reactions.
Selenium‐Catalyzed Oxacyclization of Alkenoic Acids and Alkenols
Authors: Sancineto Luca , Mangiavacchi Francesca , Tidei Caterina , Bagnoli Luana , Marini Francesca , Gioiello Antimo , Scianowski Jacek , Santi Claudio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA general and efficient method for the selenium‐catalyzed cyclofunctionalization reaction of alkenoic acids and alkenols is presented. Hydrogen peroxide was used as the green oxidant and all of the products were obtained in very good yields.
Synthesis of Intrinsically Disordered Fluorinated Peptides for Modular Design of High‐Signal 19F MRI Agents
Authors: Kirberger Steven E. , Maltseva Sofia D. , Manulik Joseph C. , Einstein Samuel A. , Weegman Bradley P. , Garwood Michael , Pomerantz William C. K. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract19F MRI is valuable for in vivo imaging due to the only trace amounts of fluorine in biological systems. Because of the low sensitivity of MRI however, designing new fluorochemicals remains a significant challenge for achieving sufficient 19F signal. Here, we describe a new class of high‐signal, water‐soluble fluorochemicals as 19F MRI imaging agents. A polyamide backbone is used for tuning the proteolytic stability to avoid retention within the body, which is a limitation of current state‐of‐the‐art perfluorochemicals. We show that unstructured peptides containing alternating N‐ϵ‐trifluoroacetyllysine and lysine provide a degenerate 19F NMR signal. 19F MRI phantom images provide sufficient contrast at micromolar concentrations, showing promise for eventual clinical applications. Finally, the degenerate high signal characteristics were retained when conjugated to a large protein, indicating potential for in vivo targeting applications, including molecular imaging and cell tracking.
Highly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting with an Immobilized Molecular Co4O4 Cubane Catalyst
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Fei , Zhou Xu , Yu Fengshou , Du Jian , Bai Lichen , Sun Licheng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMolecular Co4O4 cubane water oxidation catalysts were combined with BiVO4 electrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The results show that tuning the substituent groups on cobalt cubane allows the PEC properties of the final molecular catalyst/BiVO4 hybrid photoanodes to be tailored. Upon loading a new cubane complex featuring alkoxy carboxylato bridging ligands (1 h) on BiVO4, an AM 1.5G photocurrent density of 5 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE for water oxidation was obtained, the highest photocurrent for undoped BiVO4 photoanodes. A high solar‐energy conversion efficiency of 1.84 % was obtained for the integrated photoanode, a sixfold enhancement over that of unmodified BiVO4. These results and the high surface charge separation efficiency support the role of surface‐modified molecular catalysts in improving PEC performance and demonstrate the potential of molecule/semiconductor hybrids for efficient artificial photosynthesis.
A Tetracyclic Octaphosphane by Successive Addition, Inversion, and Condensation Reactions
Authors: Hennersdorf Felix , Weigand Jan J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn example of an octaphosphane of type R2P8 (R=(DDP)Ga) was isolated by treatment of cage compound (DDP)GaP4 (2, DDP=(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)(4‐((2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imino)pent‐2‐en‐2‐yl)amide) with (C6F5)2PBr. The initially formed endo‐exo butterfly shaped pentaphosphane 7 rapidly rearranges to the more stable exo–exo isomer 8, which undergoes dimerization to decaphosphane 11. Compound 11 unexpectedly eliminates tetraaryldiphosphane 13 to give tetracyclo[3.3.0.02,7.04,6]octaphosphane [(DDP)GaBr]2P8 (12). The reaction steps were confirmed by crystal structure analysis of the key intermediates and supported by kinetic studies using NMR techniques.
Color‐Change Photoswitching of an Alkynylpyrene Excimer Dye
Authors: Chan Ke Min , Kölmel Dominik K. , Wang Shenliang , Kool Eric T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe describe a photoswitchable DNA‐based dimeric dye that visibly changes fluorescence from green to blue upon UV irradiation. A novel bis‐alkyne‐dependent [2+2+2] cycloaddition is proposed as a mechanism for the color change in air. The photoinduced structural switching results in spatial separation of stacked pyrene units, thereby causing selective loss of the excimer emission. We demonstrate and suggest several applications for this novel photoswitch.