bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underrecognition of Malnutrition in Advanced Cancer: The Role of the Dietitian and Clinical Practice Variations
Authors: Aktas Aynur , Walsh Declan , Galang Marianne , O’Donoghue Niamh , Rybicki Lisa , Hullihen Barbara , Schleckman Ellen 
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Malnutrition (MN) often goes unrecognized due to ineffective screening techniques. Published standards for multidisciplinary care exist but no consensus on best nutritional assessment for hospitalized patients. Malnutrition is common in cancer and adversely affects clinical outcomes. The Cleveland Clinic Nutrition Therapy Department used in-house criteria to classify MN in hospitalized patients. This study aimed to evaluate the registered dietitian (RD)’s role, the use of these criteria in the acute care palliative medicine unit (ACPMU), and investigate MN prevalence and severity among admitted patients with cancer. Methods: Electronic medical records were reviewed for newly admitted patients with cancer to the ACPMU with a first time RD consult and completed nutritional therapy assessment. Physician (MD) assessments were derived from admission notes. Cox regression model assessed the association of MN prevalence and severity with survival. McNemar’s test determined whether a prevalence difference existed between RD and MD. Results: Variations existed in criteria used to identify MN. Seventy percent had MN, with the majority (61%) classed as moderate to severe. Prevalence (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.88; P = .002) and severity (HR: 1.22; P = .006) were associated with significantly increased mortality. Evaluations by RD and MD were highly congruent, but MDs underrecorded nutritional status. Conclusion: Malnutrition was prevalent and clinically important, even in those on nutritional support. Variations in MN identification were common. Physicians underrecorded MN but were accurate for prevalence and severity when recorded. The data confirm the RD’s important role in MN assessment. Comparable clinical practice and better communication between physicians and dietitians should improve cancer care and optimize quality of life.
Hybridization and Urban Governance: Malleability, Modality, or Mind-Set?
Authors: Gross Jill Simone 
Published: April 2016

Editor’s Note: A two-part podcast featuring a discussion by the authors of the Mini-symposium on Urban Governance can be found at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/uar/podcasts Studies of urban governance have, in recent years, begun to focus increasing attention on the nature of complexity within governance processes, and the challenges that urban governance constructs face when operating in multifaceted policy and political environments. This article explores the question of “hybridization” in urban governance. To do so, we address three questions: Is governance theory malleable enough to incorporate a hybrid focus? Are we witnessing the emergence of new hybrid governance modalities? Or, is it simply time to adopt a new mind-set to focus attention directly on the hybridization processes? This article explores the theory and practice of urban governance and hybridization in North America and Western Europe.
Circulating Cell-Free DNA Differentiates Severity of Inflammation
Authors: Frank Mayu O. 
Published: April 2016

Introduction: As the U.S. population ages, the incidence of chronic disease will rise. Chronic diseases have been linked to chronic inflammation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in relation to inflammation. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched. Inclusion criteria were noninterventional studies on acute and chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and infection published in English after 2000, conducted in humans using the fluorescence method of quantifying DNA. Of the 442 articles retrieved, 83 were identified for full-text review and 13 remained after application of inclusion criteria. Results: Of the reviewed studies, three involved acute inflammation, six involved chronic inflammation, and four involved infection. Healthy controls with interpretable results were included in six studies, three of which used the Quant-iT high-sensitivity DNA kit and found cfDNA quantities near 800 ng/ml, while the other three used other fluorescence methods and found quantities below 100 ng/ml. All 13 studies compared groups, and all but 1 found statistically significant differences between them. Among studies using the Quant-iT reagent, levels were higher in infection than in chronic inflammation. Among studies that used other reagents, levels increased from chronic to acute inflammation to severe infection. CfDNA levels were associated with mortality and with clinical outcomes in acute inflammation and infection. Most studies assessed cfDNA’s correlation with other inflammation biomarkers and found inconclusive results. Conclusion: There appears to be an association between inflammation and cfDNA. Further research is necessary before cfDNA can be used clinically as a measure of inflammation.
Flagellate Pattern of Toxic Erythema of Chemotherapy Due to Doxorubicin
Authors: Vadeboncoeur Sophie , Côté Benoît 
Published: April 2016

Background: Doxorubicin is an antineoplastic agent frequently used in diverse cancer regimens. Cutaneous adverse effects have frequently been reported with its use. However, a flagellate-like dermatitis is not mentioned in the literature. Objective: The investigators report a case of toxic erythema of chemotherapy with a flagellate pattern induced by doxorubicin. Methods and Results: A 75-year-old woman with endometrial cancer received doxorubicin as part of her treatment. After her third cycle, she presented a pruritic vesiculobullous eruption, with linear elements that left hyperpigmented streaks on follow-up. A biopsy was compatible with a drug eruption. Conclusion: Doxorubicin is a well-known cause of toxic erythema of chemotherapy. As seen in this patient, the investigators suggest that it also be added to the list of causes of flagellate dermatosis.
“I Am Because We Are”
Authors: Ngunjiri Faith Wambura 
Published: April 2016

The Problem Although there are women leading in various sectors within African societies and institutions, very little research has been done to explore and explain their experiences within their cultural, economic, social, historical, and political context. To have a deeper understanding of women’s leadership globally, there must be studies of women’s leadership within specific local contexts. The Solution This article explicates women’s leadership under the ubuntu worldview, with implications for application in contemporary organizations beyond the African context. Ubuntu reflects the African understanding of the essence of humanity. Guided by Black feminist theorizing, the study employed portraiture qualitative approach; in-depth interviews with women leaders provided illustrative quotes about spirituality, interdependence, unity, and community building. The Stakeholders The article is aimed at both leadership scholars and leadership training practitioners with a focus on the African context.
Larger inflow angle and incomplete occlusion predict recanalization of unruptured paraclinoid aneurysms after endovascular treatment
Authors: Ji Wenjun , Liu Aihua , Lv Xianli , Sun Liqian , Liang Shikai , Li Youxiang , Yang Xinjian , Jiang Chuhan , Wu Zhongxue 
Published: April 2016

Background Unruptured paraclinoid aneurysms have a high incidence of aneurysm recanalization (AR) after endovascular treatment. We aimed to identify the incidence and predictors of AR in these lesions. Methods We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with unruptured paraclinoid aneurysms who underwent endovascular treatment between January 2013 and December 2014. Patients with fusiform aneurysms, dissection aneurysms, traumatic aneurysms, or without digital subtraction angiography (DSA) at follow-up, were excluded. AR was defined as any aneurysm remnant that had increased in size or contrast filling that was observed via DSA at the follow-up. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the predictors of AR. Results We included 145 patients with 150 unruptured paraclinoid aneurysms in the analysis. The incidence of AR was 8.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7–13.3%) at a mean follow-up of 7.4 months. In the univariate analysis, AR was associated with aneurysm size (odd ratio (OR): 6.098; 95% CI: 1.870–19.886; p = 0.003), location (OR: 3.88; 95% CI: 1.196–12.583; p = 0.024), inflow angle (OR: 6.852; 95% CI: 1.463–32.087; p = 0.015), and Raymond scale (OR: 12.473; 95% CI: 2.7496–56.59; p < 0.001). In the adjusted multivariate analysis, AR was independently predicted by Raymond scale (OR: 9.136; 95% CI: 1.683–49.587; p = 0.001) and inflow angle (OR: 16.159; 95% CI: 3.211–81.308; p = 0.01). Conclusions Unruptured paraclinoid aneurysms had a high incidence of AR after endovascular treatment. An inflow angle of ≥90 degrees and incomplete occlusion were significant predictors of AR.
Burden, quality of life, and social support in caregivers of patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Nightingale Chandylen L , Curbow Barbara A , Wingard John R , Pereira Deidre B , Carnaby Giselle D 
Published: April 2016

Objective The purpose of this pilot study was to (1) obtain preliminary data on changes in burden and quality of life in head and neck cancer caregivers during and shortly following patient radiotherapy, (2) assess the relationship between perceived social support and burden as well as perceived social support and quality of life in caregivers during radiotherapy, and (3) identify preferences for sources of support among caregivers during radiotherapy. Methods Caregivers completed burden and quality of life instruments at the start of patient radiotherapy (T1), 5 weeks into radiotherapy (T2), and 1 month post-radiotherapy (T3) and instruments for perceived social support and support preferences at T2 only. Results Caregivers showed a trend toward increased burden and worsened quality of life for the majority of subscales at T2 or T3 than at T1. Caregivers reported significantly lower esteem and significantly greater disruption at T2 than at T1 and significantly worse health at T3 than at T2. Higher perceived social support was typically associated with lower burden and higher quality of life at T2. Spouses/partners were the most commonly preferred source of support. Discussion These pilot findings suggest that caregivers experience psychosocial impairments during and shortly after patient radiotherapy, but more research using larger samples is warranted.
Resveratrol attenuates inflammation-induced hyperexcitability of trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis neurons associated with hyperalgesia in rats
Authors: Sekiguchi Kenta , Takehana Shiori , Shibuya Eri , Matsuzawa Nichiwa , Hidaka Shiori , Kanai Yurie , Inoue Maki , Kubota Yoshiko , Shimazu Yoshihito , Takeda Mamoru 
Published: April 2016

Background Resveratrol, a component of red wine, has been reported to decrease prostaglandin E2 production by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase-2 cascade and to modulate various voltage-dependent ion channels, suggesting that resveratrol could attenuate inflammatory hyperalgesia. However, the effects of resveratrol on inflammation-induced hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons in vivo remain to be determined. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether daily systemic administration of resveratrol to rats attenuates the inflammation-induced hyperexcitability of spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis wide-dynamic range neurons associated with hyperalgesia. Results Inflammation was induced by injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant into the whisker pad. The threshold of escape from mechanical stimulation applied to whisker pad in inflamed rats was significantly lower than in control rats. The decreased mechanical threshold in inflamed rats was restored to control levels by daily systemic administration of resveratrol (2 mg/kg, i.p.). The mean discharge frequency of spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis wide-dynamic range neurons to both nonnoxious and noxious mechanical stimuli in inflamed rats was significantly decreased after resveratrol administration. In addition, the increased mean spontaneous discharge of spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis wide-dynamic range neurons in inflamed rats was significantly decreased after resveratrol administration. Similarly, resveratrol significantly diminished noxious pinch-evoked mean after discharge frequency and occurrence in inflamed rats. Finally, resveratrol restored the expanded mean size of the receptive field in inflamed rats to control levels. Conclusion These results suggest that chronic administration of resveratrol attenuates inflammation-induced mechanical inflammatory hyperalgesia and that this effect is due primarily to the suppression of spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis wide dynamic range neuron hyperexcitability via inhibition of both peripheral and central cyclooxygenase-2 cascade signaling pathways. These findings support the idea of resveratrol as a potential complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of trigeminal inflammatory hyperalgesia without side effects.
Quality of colonoscopy in an emerging country: A prospective, multicentre study in Russia
Authors: Antipova Mariya , Burdyukov Mikhail , Bykov Mikhail , Domarev Leonid , Fedorov Evgeny , Gabriel Sergey , Glebov Konstantin , Kashin Sergey , Knyazev Mikhail , Korotkevich Aleksey , Kotovsky Andrey , Kruglova Irina , Krushelnitsky Vladimir , Mayat Ekaterina , Merzlyakov Mikhail , Mtvralashvili Dmitry , Pyrkh Aleksander , Sannikov Oleg , Shitikov Evgeny , Subbotin Alexander , Taran Alexander , Veselov Viktor , Zavyalov Dmitry , Hassan Cesare , Radaelli Franco , Ridola Lorenzo , Repici Alessandro , Korolev Mikhail 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThe quality of colonoscopy has been related to a higher risk of interval cancer, and this issue has been addressed extensively in developed countries. The aim of our study was to explore the main quality indicators of colonoscopy in a large emerging country.MethodsConsecutive patients referred for colonoscopy in 14 centres were prospectively included between July and October 2014. Before colonoscopy, several clinical and demographic variables were collected. Main quality indicators (i.e. caecal intubation rate, (advanced) adenoma detection rate, rate of adequate cleansing and sedation) were collected. Data were analysed at per patient and per centre level (only for those with at least 100 cases). Factors associated with caecal intubation rate and adenoma detection rate were explored at multivariate analysis.ResultsA total of 8829 (males: 35%; mean age: 57 + 14 years) patients were included, with 11 centres enrolling at least 100 patients. Screening (including non‐alarm symptoms) accounted for 59% (5188/8829) of the indications. Sedation and split preparation were used in 26% (2294/8829) and 25% (2187/8829) of the patients. Caecal intubation was achieved in 7616 patients (86%), and it was ≥85% in 8/11 (73%) centres. Adenoma detection rate was 18% (1550/8829), and it was higher than 20% in five (45%) centres, whilst it was lower than 10% in four (33%) centres. At multivariate analysis, age (OR: 1.020, 95% CI: 1.015–1.024), male sex (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.3), alarm symptoms (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.7–2), split preparation (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2–1.6), caecal intubation rate (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3–1.9) and withdrawal time measurement (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.6–2.1) were predictors of a higher adenoma detection rate, while adequate preparation (OR: 3.4: 95% CI: 2.9–3.9) and sedation (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1–1.6) were the strongest predictors of caecal intubation rate.ConclusionsAccording to our study, there is a substantial intercentre variability in the main quality indicators. Overall, the caecal intubation rate appears to be acceptable in most centres, whilst the overall level of adenoma detection appears low, with less than half of the centres being higher than 20%. Educational and quality assurance programs, including higher rates of sedation and split regimen of preparation, may be necessary to increase the key quality indicators.
The effect of breastfeeding on lung function at 12 and 18 years: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Waidyatillake Nilakshi T. , Simpson Julie A. , Allen Katrina J. , Lodge Caroline J. , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Abramson Michael J. , De Livera Alysha M. , Matheson Melanie C. , Erbas Bircan , Hill David J. , Lowe Adrian J. 
Published: April 2016

The objective was to assess associations between duration of total and exclusive breastfeeding and lung function up to adolescence.A birth cohort (Melbourne Atopy Cohort Study) of 620 infants with a family history of allergic disease was recruited. Mothers were encouraged to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Lung function was assessed at 12 and 18 years of age. Associations between breastfeeding and lung function were investigated using multivariable linear regression and path analysis was used to assess the potential mediating factors.Duration of breastfeeding (total and exclusive) was not associated with most assessed lung function outcomes. However, there was a trend for increased pre-bronchodilator mid-expiratory flow (MEF) at both 12 (adjusted mean difference (95% CI) per week of breastfeeding of 10 (−1–20) mL·s−1) and 18 years (11 (−1–22) mL·s−1) (p-values of 0.07 and 0.08, respectively). There was a strong indirect effect of height on these observed associations.Duration of breastfeeding does not appear to greatly influence lung function outcomes in children with a family history of allergic diseases. Longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding may be associated with an increase in MEF, partly due to greater attained height of the child.
Asthma and bronchiectasis exacerbation
Authors: Mao Bei , Yang Jia-Wei , Lu Hai-Wen , Xu Jin-Fu 
Published: April 2016

Bronchiectasis and asthma are common respiratory diseases worldwide. However, the influence of asthma on bronchiectasis remains unclear. The objective of this study is to analyse the effects of asthma on bronchiectasis exacerbation.Data from inpatients diagnosed with bronchiectasis with or without asthma at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (Shanghai, China) between January 2013 and December 2014 were retrospectively collected and analysed. 249 patients with only bronchiectasis and 214 patients with both bronchiectasis and asthma were included in the study. Follow-up records were used to evaluate the effect of asthma on bronchiectasis exacerbation.The variables found to be independently associated with bronchiectasis exacerbations were age (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03–1.11; p<0.001), duration of symptoms (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.09; p<0.001), the presence of asthma (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.15–5.88; p=0.021), forced expiratory volume in 1 s <50% predicted (OR 4.03, 95% CI 1.75–9.26; p=0.001), isolation ofPseudomonas aeruginosain sputum (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.00–5.79; p=0.05) and lung lesion extension to more than two lobes (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.16–6.45; p=0.022).The existence of asthma was associated with an independent increase in risk of bronchiectasis exacerbation.
Collapse phenomenon during Chartis collateral ventilation assessment
Authors: Gesierich Wolfgang , Samitas Konstantinos , Reichenberger Frank , Behr Juergen 
Published: April 2016

Chartis is increasingly used for bronchoscopic assessment of collateral ventilation before endobronchial valve (EBV) treatment for severe emphysema. Its prognostic value is, however, limited by the airway collapse phenomenon. The frequency and clinical significance of the collapse phenomenon remain largely unknown.We performed a retrospective analysis of 92 patients undergoing Chartis evaluation under spontaneous breathing (n=55) or jet ventilation (n=37) from May 2010 to November 2013. Collateral ventilation status (positive/negative/collapse phenomenon/unclear) was reassessed and correlated with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) fissure analysis and clinical response.In the absence of the collapse phenomenon, the predictive value of Chartis measurements and HRCT fissural analysis was comparable. The collapse phenomenon was observed in 31.5% of all assessments, and was more frequent in lower lobes (44.9%versus16.9% in upper lobes) and under jet ventilation (41.4%versus22.1% under spontaneous breathing). 69.8% of lobes with the collapse phenomenon had complete fissures. Most patients with the collapse phenomenon in the target lobe and complete fissures treated with EBVs were responders (n=11/15). All valve-treated collapse phenomenon patients with fissure defects were nonresponders (n=3).In the absence of the collapse phenomenon Chartis measurement is reliable to predict response to valve treatment. In patients with the collapse phenomenon, treatment decisions should be based on HRCT detection of fissure integrity. Chartis assessment should be performed under spontaneous breathing.
Maximising follow-up participation rates in a large scale 45 and Up Study in Australia
Authors: Bauman Adrian , Phongsavan Philayrath , Cowle Alison , Banks Emily , Jorm Louisa , Rogers Kris , Jalaludin Bin , Grunseit Anne 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
The issue of poor response rates to population surveys has existed for some decades, but few studies have explored methods to improve the response rate in follow-up population cohort studies.

Methods
A sample of 100,000 adults from the 45 and Up Study, a large population cohort in Australia, were followed up 3.5 years after the baseline cohort was assembled. A pilot mail-out of 5000 surveys produced a response rate of only 41.7 %. This study tested methods of enhancing response rate, with three groups of 1000 each allocated to (1) receiving an advance notice postcard followed by a questionnaire, (2) receiving a questionnaire and then follow-up reminder letter, and (3) both these strategies.

Results
The enhanced strategies all produced an improved response rate compared to the pilot, with a resulting mean response rate of 53.7 %. Highest response was found when both the postcard and questionnaire reminder were used (56.4 %) but this was only significantly higher when compared to postcard alone (50.5 %) but not reminder alone (54.1 %). The combined approach was used for recruitment among the remaining 92,000 participants, with a resultant further increased response rate of 61.6 %.

Conclusions
Survey prompting with a postcard and a reminder follow-up questionnaire, applied separately or combined can enhance follow-up rates in large scale survey-based epidemiological studies.
New insights on the natural killer cell repertoire from a thorough analysis of cord blood cells
Authors: Rettman Pauline , Willem Catherine , David Gaëlle , Riou Raphaëlle , Legrand Nolwenn , Esbelin Julie , Cesbron Anne , Senitzer David , Gagne Katia , Retière Christelle 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Although CB NK cells are characterized as immature lymphocytes, their impressive expansion and efficient graft-versus-leukemia response have been highlighted early after UCBT. To better evaluate their potential as source of effective NK cells, we revisited the study of NK cell repertoire from a large cohort of CB samples. Our study showed that the CB NK cell repertoire appears to be constructed early, depending on KIR gene content, but not on the autologous HLA environment. NKG2A was expressed on a large proportion of CB NK cells that inversely correlated with KIR+ NK cell frequency. Self-HLA class I molecule–educated CB KIR+ NK cells present a lower spontaneous lysis than do their adult counterparts, which is probably related to the low expression of activating NK receptors. We describe for the first time a proliferative and cytotoxic NKG2C+ NK cell subset representing more than 10% of CB NK cells. NKG2A strongly inhibited CB NK cell degranulation, and its coexpression on NKG2C+ NK cells may contribute to limiting their activation. Overall, the CB NK cell repertoire is constructed early and harbors numerous functional abilities shared by adult NK cells. In addition, their naïve viral status and fast expansion confer numerous advantages in immunotherapy on CB NK cells.