bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroanatomical and neurofunctional markers of social cognition in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Patriquin Michelle A. , DeRamus Thomas , Libero Lauren E. , Laird Angela , Kana Rajesh K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSocial impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a hallmark feature of its diagnosis, may underlie specific neural signatures that can aid in differentiating between those with and without ASD. To assess common and consistent patterns of differences in brain responses underlying social cognition in ASD, this study applied an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analysis to results from 50 neuroimaging studies of social cognition in children and adults with ASD. In addition, the group ALE clusters of activation obtained from this was used as a social brain mask to perform surface‐based cortical morphometry (SBM) in an empirical structural MRI dataset collected from 55 ASD and 60 typically developing (TD) control participants. Overall, the ALE meta‐analysis revealed consistent differences in activation in the posterior superior temporal sulcus at the temporoparietal junction, middle frontal gyrus, fusiform face area (FFA), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), amygdala, insula, and cingulate cortex between ASD and TD individuals. SBM analysis showed alterations in the thickness, volume, and surface area in individuals with ASD in STS, insula, and FFA. Increased cortical thickness was found in individuals with ASD, the IFG. The results of this study provide functional and anatomical bases of social cognition abnormalities in ASD by identifying common signatures from a large pool of neuroimaging studies. These findings provide new insights into the quest for a neuroimaging‐based marker for ASD. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3957–3978, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The activation of the caudate is associated with correct recollections in a reward‐based recollection task
Authors: Dong Guangheng , Wang Yifan , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlthough specific brain regions have been implicated in long‐term memory processes, the brain function responsible for correctly recollecting information remains incompletely understood. This study used a remember–recollection–recognition task to explore brain activities specifically associated with correct recollection. Seventy‐eight subjects were first asked to remember 40 items and recollect them in the scanner. Comparison of correctly recollected trials to incorrectly recollected trials (when participants mistakenly believed they had recollected information correctly) identified greater activation of the caudate bilaterally. The involvement of caudate activation appears important in recollecting information correctly. Potential explanations and implications are discussed. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3999–4005, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fronto‐Parietal gray matter and white matter efficiency differentially predict intelligence in males and females
Authors: Ryman Sephira G. , Yeo Ronald A. , Witkiewitz Katie , Vakhtin Andrei A. , van den Heuvel Martijn , de Reus Marcel , Flores Ranee A. , Wertz Christopher R. , Jung Rex E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWhile there are minimal sex differences in overall intelligence, males, on average, have larger total brain volume and corresponding regional brain volumes compared to females, measures that are consistently related to intelligence. Limited research has examined which other brain characteristics may differentially contribute to intelligence in females to facilitate equal performance on intelligence measures. Recent reports of sex differences in the neural characteristics of the brain further highlight the need to differentiate how the structural neural characteristics relate to intellectual ability in males and females. The current study utilized a graph network approach in conjunction with structural equation modeling to examine potential sex differences in the relationship between white matter efficiency, fronto‐parietal gray matter volume, and general cognitive ability (GCA). Participants were healthy adults (n = 244) who completed a battery of cognitive testing and underwent structural neuroimaging. Results indicated that in males, a latent factor of fronto‐parietal gray matter was significantly related to GCA when controlling for total gray matter volume. In females, white matter efficiency and total gray matter volume were significantly related to GCA, with no specificity of the fronto‐parietal gray matter factor over and above total gray matter volume. This work highlights that different neural characteristics across males and females may contribute to performance on intelligence measures. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4006–4016, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Don't Believe the Hype: Hip‐Hop Literacies and English Education
Authors: Belle Crystal 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCurrent scholarship suggests that many youths identify with hip‐hop, especially youths of color. Study of this artistic form has been suggested as a means of helping youths acquire and become fluent in literacy practices. This article explores how the use of a hip‐hop literacies curriculum addressed the literacy skills of urban ninth‐grade English students while helping them contextualize the significance of their in‐school and out‐of‐school literacy experiences. The article explains the connections between literacies and hip‐hop–based education, illustrates how hip‐hop can serve as a culturally responsive and rigorous pedagogical tool in the English classroom, and shares students' views on the use of such curriculum.
ZBTB16 as a Downstream Target Gene of Osterix Regulates Osteoblastogenesis of Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Onizuka Satoru , Iwata Takanori , Park Sung‐Joon , Nakai Kenta , Yamato Masayuki , Okano Teruo , Izumi Yuichi 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTHuman multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) possess the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, and they can be utilized as a source for bone regenerative therapy. Osteoinductive pretreatment, which induces the osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro, has been widely used for bone tissue engineering prior to cell transplantation. However, the molecular basis of osteoblastic differentiation induced by osteoinductive medium (OIM) is still unknown. Therefore, we used a next‐generation sequencer to investigate the changes in gene expression during the osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs. The hMSCs used in this study possessed both multipotency and self‐renewal ability. Whole‐transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16 (ZBTB16) was significantly increased during the osteoblastogenesis of hMSCs. ZBTB16 mRNA and protein expression was enhanced by culturing the hMSCs with OIM. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐mediated gene silencing of ZBTB16 decreased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP); the expression of osteogenic genes, such as osteocalcin (OCN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP), and the mineralized nodule formation induced by OIM. siRNA‐mediated gene silencing of Osterix (Osx), which is known as an essential regulator of osteoblastic differentiation, markedly downregulated the expression of ZBTB16. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that Osx associated with the ZBTB16 promoter region containing the GC‐rich canonical Sp1 sequence, which is the specific Osx binding site. These findings suggest that ZBTB16 acts as a downstream transcriptional regulator of Osx and can be useful as a late marker of osteoblastic differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2423–2434, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low Incubation Temperature Induces DNA Hypomethylation in Lizard Brains
Authors: Paredes Ursula , Radersma Reinder , Cannell Naomi , While Geoffrey M. , Uller Tobias 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTDevelopmental stress can have organizational effects on suites of physiological, morphological, and behavioral characteristics. In lizards, incubation temperature is perhaps the most significant environmental variable affecting embryonic development. Wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) recently introduced by humans from Italy to England experience stressfully cool incubation conditions, which we here show reduce growth and increase the incidence of scale malformations. Using a methylation‐sensitive AFLP protocol optimized for vertebrates, we demonstrate that this low incubation temperature also causes hypomethylation of DNA in brain tissue. A consistent pattern across methylation‐susceptible AFLP loci suggests that hypomethylation is a general response and not limited to certain CpG sites. The functional consequences of hypomethylation are unknown, but it could contribute to genome stability and regulation of gene expression. Further studies of the effects of incubation temperature on DNA methylation in ectotherm vertebrates may reveal mechanisms that explain why the embryonic thermal environment often has physiological and behavioral consequences for offspring.
Visiting professorship in hospital medicine: An innovative twist for a growing specialty
Authors: Cumbler Ethan , Herzke Carrie , Smalligan Roger , Glasheen Jeffrey J. , O'Malley Cheryl , Pierce J. Rush 
Published: June 2016

INTRODUCTIONAs an emerging and rapidly growing specialty, academic hospitalists face unique challenges in career advancement. Key mentoring needs, especially developing reputation and relationships outside of their institution are often challenging.METHODSWe describe the structure of a novel Visiting Professorship in Hospital Medicine Program. It utilizes reciprocal exchanges of hospitalist faculty at the rank of late assistant to early associate professor. The program is designed explicitly to facilitate spread of innovation between institutions through a presentation by the visiting professor and exposure to an innovation at the host hospital medicine group. It provides a platform to advance the career success of both early‐ and midcareer hospitalist faculty through 1‐on‐1 coaching sessions between the visiting professor and early‐career faculty at the host institution and commitment by visiting professors to engage in mentoring after the visit.RESULTSFive academic hospitalist groups participated. Seven visiting professors met with 29 early‐career faculty. Experience following faculty exchange visits demonstrates program effectiveness, as perceived by both early‐career faculty and the visiting professors, in advancing the goals of mentorship and career advancement. One‐year follow‐up suggests that 62% of early‐career faculty will engage in subsequent interactions with the visiting professor, and half report spread of innovation between academic hospital medicine groups.CONCLUSIONSThe Visiting Professorship in Hospital Medicine offers a low‐cost framework to promote collaboration between academic hospital medicine groups and facilitate interinstitutional hospitalist mentoring. It is reported to be effective for the goal of professional development for midcareer hospitalists. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:714–718. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Effect of phosphorus management in rice–mungbean rotations on sandy soils of Cambodia
Authors: Ro Sophoanrith , Becker Mathias , Manske Günther 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deficiencies are key constraints in rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) production systems of Cambodia. Only small amounts of mineral N and P or of organic amendment are annually applied to a single crop of rainfed lowland rice by smallholder farmers. The integration of leguminous crops in the pre‐rice cropping niche can contribute to diversify the production, supply of C and N, and contribute to soil fertility improvement for the subsequent crop of rice. However, the performance of leguminous crops is restricted even more than that of rice by low available soil P. An alternative strategy involves the application of mineral P that is destined to the rice crop already to the legume. This P supply is likely to stimulate legume growth and biological N2 fixation, thus enhancing C and N inputs and recycling N and P upon legume residue incorporation. Rotation experiments were conducted in farmers' fields in 2013–2014 to assess the effects of P management on biomass accumulation and N2 fixation (δ15N) by mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and possible carry‐over effects on rice in two contrasting representative soils (highly infertile and moderately fertile sandy Fluvisol). In the traditional system (no legume), unamended lowland rice (no N, + 10 kg P ha−1) yielded 2.8 and 4.0 t ha−1, which increased to 3.5 and 4.7 t ha−1 with the application of 25 kg ha−1 of urea‐N in the infertile and the moderately fertile soil, respectively. The integration of mungbean as a green manure contributed up to 9 kg of biologically fixed N (17% Nfda), increasing rice yields only moderately to 3.5–4.6 t ha−1. However, applying P to mungbean stimulated legume growth and enhanced the BNF contribution up to 21 kg N ha−1 (36% Nfda). Rice yields resulting from legume residue incorporation (“green manure use”–all residues returned and “grain legume use”–only stover returned) increased to 4.2 and 4.9 t ha−1 in the infertile and moderately fertile soil, respectively. The “forage legume use” (all above‐ground residues removed) provided no yield effect. In general, legume residue incorporation was more beneficial in the infertile than in the moderately fertile soil. We conclude that the inclusion of mungbean into the prevailing low‐input rainfed production systems of Cambodia can increase rice yield, provided that small amounts of P are applied to the legume. Differences in the attributes of the two major soil types in the region require a site‐specific targeting of the suggested legume and P management strategies, with largest benefits likely to accrue on infertile soils.
Assessing the plant minimal exchangeable potassium of a soil
Authors: Schneider André , Augusto Laurent , Mollier Alain 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe plant minimal exchangeable K (EPl,min) defines the lower accessible limit of the most available pool of soil K to plants. It is also an index of long‐term K reserve in soils. However, its estimation by the classical method of exhaustion cropping is laborious. This study aimed at comparing EPl,min values obtained by the exhaustion cropping method with EPl,min values estimated by an alternative approach based on the cationic exchange capacity (CEC) of the infinitely high selective sites for K (i.e., always saturated with K) in the K‐Ca exchange (EK‐Ca,min). A set of 45 soil samples, corresponding to the various fertilization K treatments of 15 long‐term K fertilization trials, was used in this study. The selected soil samples presented a wide range of texture, CEC, and exchangeable K. The plant minimal exchangeable K was found more or less independent of the K treatment, whereas EK‐Ca,min increased when the soil exchangeable K content increased. The plant minimal exchangeable K was systematically lower than EK‐Ca,min, showing that EK‐Ca,min is at least partially available to the plant. Hence, EK‐Ca,min is not a surrogate of EPl,min. Conversely, the plant minimal exchangeable K was strongly, positively correlated to soil CEC (measured at soil pH; r2 = 0.90***). This soil property can consequently be used as a proxy of EPl,min.
Aerobic gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs mitigate methane emissions from oxic and anoxic lake waters
Authors: Oswald Kirsten , Milucka Jana , Brand Andreas , Hach Philipp , Littmann Sten , Wehrli Bernhard , Kuypers Marcel M.M. , Schubert Carsten J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFreshwater lakes represent a substantial natural source of methane to the atmosphere and thus contribute to global climate change. Microbial methane oxidation is an important control on methane release from these systems, where oxygen appears to be the most essential electron acceptor for this process. However, there is extensive geochemical evidence that methane is also oxidized under anoxic conditions in lakes, though the details about the exact mechanism have still not been resolved. Here, we investigated the fate of methane in the water column of meromictic Lake Zug. We provide evidence for ongoing methane oxidation at the oxic/anoxic boundary and also in the anoxic hypolimnion, both apparently mediated by aerobic methane‐oxidizing bacteria. Gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs (gamma‐MOB) dominated the indigenous methanotrophic community and were active under all investigated conditions—oxic, sub‐oxic and anoxic. Methane oxidation was stimulated by the additions of oxygen or iron and manganese oxides under anoxic conditions. In the latter case, trace amounts of oxygen may have still been required for methane activation, yet these findings indicate that gamma‐MOB in Lake Zug might be able to respire electron acceptors other than oxygen. We propose that gamma‐MOB are actively removing methane also in anoxic lake waters, thus contributing to methane mitigation from these habitats.
How to Tackle the Challenge of siRNA Delivery with Sequence‐Defined Oligoamino Amides
Authors: Reinhard Sören , Wagner Ernst 
Published: June 2016

RNA interference (RNAi) as a mechanism of gene regulation provides exciting opportunities for medical applications. Synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) triggers the knockdown of complementary mRNA sequences in a catalytic fashion and has to be delivered into the cytosol of the targeted cells. The design of adequate carrier systems to overcome multiple extracellular and intracellular roadblocks within the delivery process has utmost importance. Cationic polymers form polyplexes through electrostatic interaction with negatively charged nucleic acids and present a promising class of carriers. Issues of polycations regarding toxicity, heterogeneity, and polydispersity can be overcome by solid‐phase‐assisted synthesis of sequence‐defined cationic oligomers. These medium‐sized highly versatile nucleic acid carriers display low cytotoxicity and can be modified and tailored in multiple ways to meet specific requirements of nucleic acid binding, polyplex size, shielding, targeting, and intracellular release of the cargo. In this way, sequence‐defined cationic oligomers can mimic the dynamic and bioresponsive behavior of viruses.image
Sustainable Electrochemically‐Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Inexpensive Non‐Platinum Electrodes
Authors: Fantin Marco , Lorandi Francesca , Isse Abdirisak A. , Gennaro Armando 
Published: June 2016

Electrochemically‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP) of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate in water is investigated on glassy carbon, Au, Ti, Ni, NiCr and SS304. eATRPs are performed both in divided and undivided electrochemical cells operating under either potentiostatic or galvanostatic mode. The reaction is fast, reaching high conversions in ≈4 h, and yields polymers with dispersity <1.2 and molecular weights close to the theoretical values. Most importantly, eATRP in a highly simplified setup (undivided cell under galvanostatic mode) with inexpensive nonnoble metals, such as NiCr and SS304, as cathode is well‐controlled. Additionally, these electrodes neither release harmful ions in solution nor react directly with the CX chain end and can be reused several times. It is demonstrated that Pt can be replaced with cheaper, and more readily available materials without negatively affecting eATRP performance.
image
Sequestration of Methylene Blue into Polyelectrolyte Complex Coacervates
Authors: Zhao Mengmeng , Zacharia Nicole S. 
Published: June 2016

Polyelectrolyte complex coacervation is a process that has been proposed as a model for protocell formation due to its ability to compartmentalize chemicals in solution without a membrane. During the liquid–liquid phase separation that results in water rich and polyelectrolyte rich phases, small molecules present in solution selectively partition to one phase over the other. This sequestration is based on relative affinities. Here, a study of the sequestration of methylene blue (MB) into the complex coacervate phase of three pairs of synthetic polyelectrolytes is presented; branched polyethylene imine with polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl sulfonate, or poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid). These materials are characterized with UV–vis, zeta potential measurements, and dynamic light scattering. The branched polyethylene imine/poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid) system is shown to have a significantly higher sequestration capacity for the MB as compared to either of the other two systems, based on π–π interactions which are not possible in the other systems.
image
Data Analytics from Enroll‐HD, a Global Clinical Research Platform for Huntington's Disease
Authors: Landwehrmeyer Georg B. , Fitzer‐Attas Cheryl J. , Giuliano Joseph D. , Gonçalves Nilza , Anderson Karen E. , Cardoso Francisco , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Mestre Tiago A. , Stout Julie C. , Sampaio Cristina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe study of complex neurodegenerative diseases is moving away from hypothesis‐driven biological methods toward large scale multimodal approaches, requiring standardized collaborative efforts. Enroll‐HD exemplifies such an integrated clinical research platform, designed and implemented to meet the research and clinical needs of Huntington's disease (HD). The aim of this study was to describe the unique organization of Enroll‐HD and report baseline data analyses of its core study.MethodsThe Enroll‐HD platform incorporates electronic data capture, biosampling, and a longitudinal observational study spanning four continents (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01574053). The primary study population includes HD gene expansion carriers (HDGECs; CAG expansion ≥36), subdivided into manifest/premanifest HD. The control population consists of genotype‐negative first‐degree relatives and family controls not genetically related. The study includes 10 core clinical assessments covering motor, cognitive, and behavioral domains.ResultsThis data set comprises 1,534 participants (HDGEC = 1,071; controls = 463). Participant retention was high; 42 participants prematurely withdrew from the study. Mean ± standard deviation SD CAG repeat size was 43.5 ± 3.5 for HDGECs and 19.8 ± 3.4 for controls. Motor and behavioral assessments identified numerical differences between controls and HDGECs (manifest > premanifest > controls). Functional and independence assessments were generally similar for the premanifest and control groups with overlap in range of scores obtained. For the majority of cognitive tests, there were large differences between participants with manifest HD and all other groups.ConclusionsThese first data from the Enroll‐HD clinical research platform demonstrate the maturity and potential of the platform in collecting high‐quality, clinically relevant data. Future data sets will be substantially larger as the platform expands longitudinally and regionally.