bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auswirkungen von Erbschaften und Schenkungen auf die Vermögensbildung privater Personen und Haushalte / The Importance of Intergenerational Transfers for Private Wealth Accumulation
Authors: Westerheide Peter 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Untersuchung analysiert die Sparneigung der im Sozio-oekonomischen Panel befragten Personen bzw. Haushalte in Bezug auf Erbschaften und Schenkungen. Ausgangspunkt sind Querschnittsregressionen, die den Vermögensbestand in 2002 durch das Lebenszeiteinkommen und in der Vergangenheit erhaltene Erbschaften bzw. Schenkungen erklären. Es werden Verzögerungen in der Anpassung der Vermögensbestände an unerwartete Erbschaften bzw. Schenkungen und unterschiedliche Liquiditätsgrade des übertragenen Vermögens berücksichtigt. Die Untersuchung betrachtet die Altersgruppe der über 30- bis unter 50-jährigen Personen bzw. Haushaltsvorstände.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Sparneigung aus erhaltenen Transfers hoch ist. Dies gilt auch für Transfers, deren Erhalt bereits mindestens 5 oder 10 Jahre zurückliegt, so dass Anpassungsverzögerungen im Ausgabeverhalten keine wesentliche Rolle mehr spielen können. Für Transfers liquider Vermögensarten werden statistisch weniger signifikante und teilweise auch geringere Effekte gemessen als für Transfers illiquiderer Vermögensarten (Immobilien und Betriebsvermögen). Personen bzw. Haushalte mit geringeren Ausgangsvermögen weisen überraschenderweise eine höhere Sparneigung auf Transfers auf als Haushalte mit höheren Ausgangsvermögen.
Die Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass intergenerationale Transfers wegen der hohen Sparneigung und der zu erwartenden zunehmenden Erbschaftsvolumina erheblichen Einfluss auf die Vermögensbildung der jüngeren Generationen haben werden. Die Unterschiede in der Sparneigung begünstigen eher eine Nivellierung als eine Konzentration der Vermögensverteilung.
The Effect of Microaggregation Procedures on the Estimation of Linear Models: A Simulation Study
Authors: Schmid Matthias , Schneeweiss Hans 
Published: September 2016

Summary
Microaggregation is a set of procedures that distort empirical data in order to guarantee their factual anonymity. At the same time the information content of data sets should not be reduced too much and should still be useful for scientific research. This paper investigates the effect of microaggregation on the estimation of a linear regression by ordinary least squares. It studies, by way of an extensive simulation experiment, the bias of the slope parameter estimator induced by various microaggregation techniques. Some microaggregation procedures lead to consistent estimates while others imply an asymptotic bias for the estimator.
Microdata Disclosure Control by Resampling - Effects on Regression Results
Authors: Gottschalk Sandra 
Published: September 2016

Summary
Nonparametric resampling is a method for generating synthetic microdata and is introduced as a procedure for microdata disclosure limitation. Theoretically, re-identification of individuals or firms is not possible with synthetic data. The resampling procedure creates datasets - the resample - which nearly have the same empirical cumulative distribution functions as the original survey data and thus permit econometricians to calculate meaningful regression results. The idea of nonparametric resampling, especially, is to draw from univariate or multivariate empirical distribution functions without having to estimate these explicitly. Until now, the resampling procedure shown here has only been applicable to variables with continuous distribution functions. Monte Carlo simulations and applications with data from the Mannheim Innovation Panel show that results of linear and nonlinear regression analyses can be reproduced quite precisely by nonparametric resamples. A univariate and a multivariate resampling version are examined. The univariate version as well as the multivariate version which is using the correlation structure of the original data as a scaling instrument turn out to be able to retain the coefficients of model estimations. Furthermore, multivariate resampling best reproduces regression results if all variables are anonymised.
Intra- und internationale Spillover-Effekte zwischen den EU-Regionen / Intra- and International Spillovers Across EU Regions
Authors: Eckey Hans-Friedrich , Kosfeld Reinhold , Türck Matthias 
Published: September 2016

Summary
The diffusion of spillovers in the EU regions has often been discussed in recent years. Many studies have dealt with the issue of convergence and divergence. However, the theoretical explanation of spillovers and the effects of the integration on regional interaction have usually been neglected. On the basis of endogenous growth theory we develop a regional production function that explains production with technical knowledge, human capital and regional spillovers. A subsequent spatial econometric analysis shows that the effects of the European integration process on international spillovers are too weak to be proved empirically. The fundamental steps in the integration process carried out in the last fifteen years (single market, monetary union, etc.) have not developed their effectiveness perceptible in respect of regional cooperation so far. From a growth theoretical perspective it is not out of question that it may take several decades before spillovers across neighbouring intercountry EU regions will be measurable.
On the Forecasting Properties of the Alternative Leading Indicators for the German GDP: Recent Evidence
Authors: Kholodilin Konstantin Arkadievich , Siliverstovs Boriss 
Published: September 2016

Summary
In this paper we perform a comparative study of the forecasting properties of the about 30 alternative leading indicators for Germany using the growth rates of German real GDP. In addition to them, we have constructed a diffusion index based on the principal component analysis and including 145 component series that reflect all the facets of German economy. We use the post-unification data which cover years from 1991 through 2004. Using a battery of statistical tests we detect a structural break in the growth rates that occurs in the first half of 2001. Our results suggest that the forecasting ability of the leading indicators has been rather good in the pre-break period with our diffusion index showing the superior forecasting accuracy but the forecasting performance of all alternative indicators has significantly deteriorated in the post-break period, i.e. in 2001-2004. None of the leading indicator models was able to predict and accommodate the structural break in the growth rates of the time series under scrutiny. This finding confirms the widespread impression among the practitioners that the state of German economy in the recent years became much more difficult to forecast.
Abschreibungsraten allgemeiner und beruflicher Ausbildungsinhalte - empirische Evidenz auf Basis subjektiver Einschätzungen / Depreciation Rates of General and Vocational Training Capital - Evidence Based on Subjective Ratings
Authors: Ludwig Volker , Pfeiffer Friedhelm 
Published: September 2016

Summary
The computer revolution together with educational expansion has led to dramatic changes in the structure of the workforce and in the organisation of workplaces in the last four decades. These developments should have different impacts on the use of vocational and general skills. This study compares depreciation rates of general and specific training capital among West German workers between 1979 and 1999. In this time the personal computer entered the workplaces and the share of workers with a university degree doubled. Econometric estimates based on respondent’s subjective ratings of the share of training skills applied to the current job indicate that depreciation rates of vocational skills increased significantly. In contrast, there is no evidence for positive depreciation rates among university graduates with general training capital at all. The role of measurement errors in respondent’s ratings for the estimated depreciation rates is analysed with sensitivity tests. The findings lend some support to the view that there is obsolescence of vocational skills in times of rapid technological change and educational expansion.
Erweitertes Gender-BIP- Eine geschlechts-spezifische Analyse des traditionellen Bruttoinlandsproduktes und der Haushaltsproduktion in Deutschland / Extended Gender-GDP - A Gender-Specific Analysis of Traditional GDP and Household Production in Germany
Authors: Schaffer Axel , Stahmer Carsten 
Published: September 2016

Summary
The traditional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reflects the money value of the annual economic output produced by the domestic industries’ employees. Thus, the GDP fully accounts for paid work. In contrast, unpaid work remains unconsidered. However, measured in time units, unpaid work clearly exceeds paid work. Therefore, societies rely likewise on paid and unpaid work. The study at hand identifies women’s and men’s volume of paid and unpaid work in time units and money values. For this purpose, German time use data are combined with the traditional monetary input-output table (IOT) for the year 2000 and its inverse matrix. While the IOT provides information about the industries’ direct and indirect contributions to traditional GDP, time use data determine the gender-specific paid and unpaid workload. Thus, women’s and men’s share in an extended GDP, defined as the sum of traditional GDP and household production, can be given.
Finally the genders’ level of qualification is taken into account. This, in turn, allows for a more precise identification of the gender-specific quality of work.
Mietpreissenkungen lösen das Leerstandsproblem nicht / Reductions of Rents do not Solve the East German Vacancy Problem
Authors: Maennig Wolfgang 
Published: September 2016

Summary
Kristof Dascher’s (2005) hypothesis that the level of vacant accommodation in eastern Germany can be mitigated by lowering housing rents can be countered by an argument based on alternative, but market-oriented costs from the housing economy, which postulates that from the owners’ point of view the alternatives of demolition, vacancy or rental can be optimal depending on the situation. However, if the gross rent level is reduced by 20% the reservation rent level is reached where owners become indifferent between rental and vacancy. In view of the low elasticities in housing demand, such rent reductions are far from sufficient to eradicate vacancies.
Für und Wider eines Rückgangs ostdeutscher Mieten / A Brief Discussion of Letting East Germany’s Rents Fall
Authors: Dascher Kristof 
Published: September 2016

Summary
This is a short note on two potential worries surrounding a scenario of falling rents in East Germany. These worries, put forward by Wolfgang Maennig, are: (1) that housing suppliers could withdraw as rents fall, while (2) housing demanders might hesitate to expand consumption as rents fall. - This note insists that falling rents’ overall benefits would outweigh their costs.
Internationale Konjunkturverbunde / International Business Cycles
Authors: Graff Michael 
Published: September 2016

Summary
After conceptual clarification of “international business cycle” and a review of the literature, a new indicator is proposed. This indicator refers to two time series only and allows for an internationally comparable quantification of a country’s position in the business cycle. We then calculate times series of this indicator for 30 countries from 1970-2000. After some plausibility checks, we refer to these series to test a number of hypotheses. Cross correlations reveal a high degree of interconnectedness. Moreover, the number of highly positive correlations has increased over time, whereas the number of low and moderate correlations has decreased. A principal components analysis yields a first component that can be interpreted as the world business cycle. The further components suggest the existence of a Scandinavian-Anglo-Saxon business cycle as well as of another, smaller group of Anglo-Saxon countries that move together. This finding is replicated by a hierarchical cluster analysis, which in addition suggests a closely integrated group of non-Scandinavian and non-English speaking European countries plus Japan and Israel. Furthermore, there is indication for some, albeit weak business cycle integration in Southeast Asia and in South America. The international business cycle is thus found to have a hierarchical structure.
The Interest Rate Pass-Through in German Banking Groups
Authors: Nehls Hiltrud 
Published: September 2016

Summary
The pass-through of market rates to retail interest rates is generally found to be particularly slow in Germany compared to other countries. One popular explanation is the organisation of the banking system in three strictly segregated “pillars”: savings banks, credit cooperatives and private banks, and the low competitiveness of the first two of them. In this paper we analyse the differences of the interest rate pass-through between these banking groups. We employ a dataset covering (roughly) 30 banks’ retail interest rates of four standard banking products (mortgages, consumer credit, savings accounts and time deposits). In a panel ECM we first estimate reference models of the interest pass-through for the four products. In a second step they are augmented by dummies representing the respective banking group. We find remarkable differences in the interest rate pass-through: in general it is the big banks and savings banks reacting significantly quicker to changes in the market than regional banks and credit cooperatives. Hence, in contrast to the “common knowledge” of sluggish reactions of state banks, the savings banks take full part in competition. The credit cooperatives however, smoothing their retail rates, shield their customers from interest rate change risks.
Mikroökonometrische Evaluation der ökonomischen Wirkungen betrieblicher Mitbestimmung - Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Matching-Ansatzes / Microeconometric Evaluation of Economic Effects of Workers Participation - Options und Limits of the Matching Approach
Authors: Schultz Birgit 
Published: September 2016

Summary
The evaluation of economic effects of workers participation is not simple from the methodical point of view because of specific characteristics of establishments with works councils. Especially recent studies show contradictory results. In this study problems are pointed out, discussed, and options for solution are presented on the example of workers participation in East German establishments of industry and construction by the IAB-Establishment Panel.
An optimal matching-algorithm which supplies good matching-results for small samples to assign ‘statistical establishment-twins’ is applied. But by reason of very short primarily spells it can only calculate short time effects. Therefore, the matching method is additionally used to construct longer observation periods. By this new application establishments with recently founded works councils are matched with so called ‘proxy establishments’ with existing works councils. As a result short observation periods are prolonged and information about long-term effects can be given.
The effects on productivity, profitability and qualification level of employees show neither in short-term nor in long-term a significant impact on workers’ participation.
Gilt Roemer’s Law auch in Deutschland? / Does Roemer’s Law Apply in Germany?
Authors: Kopetsch Thomas 
Published: September 2016

Summary
This article tests the thesis of supply-induced demand in the German hospital sector. The empirical investigation described makes use of comprehensive data and represents the first time this has been done for Germany. A cross-section analysis is performed at the level of geographical planning regions. At this level the hospital data encompass the whole population and distinguish ten different medical specialities. 13 different economic and social variables are analysed in a system of simultaneous equations. The result shows that the supply of treatment capacity has a positive influence on the demand for hospital treatments, the number of patients treated per 100,000 population rising with bed density. Alternative explanations for this phenomenon are also checked, without result. No correlation can be found between morbidity and the number of hospital cases in any given region. Although hospital bed density is found to depend on the number of hospital cases per head of population, this is no proof of the reverse causality, as this result can be traced back to the strategy behind the existing hospital planning. The validity of Roemer’s Law in Germany is likely to be (at least partially) due to this existing hospital planning. This is because the prevailing hospital planning procedure is distorted, indicating a higher need for hospital beds where bed density is already high. Given this situation, and the results of the regression analysis, it would seem appropriate to consider abolishing the hospital planning system and radically reducing the density of hospital beds.
Eine panelökonometrische Evaluation des deutschen Strafverfolgungssystems / A Panel-econometric Evaluation of the German Criminal Prosecution System
Authors: Spengler Hannes 
Published: September 2016

Summary
According to the economic theory of crime, a rise in expected punishment - i.e. the product of probability and severity of punishment - results in a reduction of crime due to deterrence. What appears to be a simple and straightforward hypothesis turns out to be a demanding task for empirical examination because “crime” is composed of many different offence categories and expected punishment is influenced by the actions and decisions of different institutions such as police, public prosecutor’s office and the courts, and, thus, varies with respect to clearance and conviction rate as well as decisions regarding form (fine, probation, imprisonment) and size (length of prison sentence and size of fine) of punishment. Moreover, it makes a difference whether offenders are subject to general or juvenile criminal law. Usually, empirical analyses of crime/deterrence take simultaneous account of only a fraction of the items detailed above. In order to overcome this shortcoming the author has established a unique database combining information from different sources of official judicial statistics covering the German states for the period 1977-2001. Building on this database a comprehensive system of criminal prosecution indicators is derived and subsequently related to the incidence of six major offence categories using panel-econometrics. Revealing many negative significant effects for clearance and conviction rates but mostly insignificant coefficients for indicators of form and size of punishment the estimation results suggest that deterrence is mainly exerted at the initial levels of the criminal prosecution process. Finally, the econometric estimates are used in order to assess cost reductions for crime victims from increases in the severity of criminal prosecution. Thus, intensifying criminal prosecution permanently by 10 percent would reduce victims’ costs by at least € 250 million p.a.
Unipotent automorphisms of solvable groups
Authors: Puglisi Orazio , Traustason Gunnar 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Let G be a solvable group and H a solvable subgroup of

Aut
⁡

(
G
)

$\operatorname{Aut}(G)$

whose elements are n-unipotent. When H is finitely generated, we show that it stabilizes a finite series in G and conclude that H is nilpotent. If G furthermore has a characteristic series with torsion-free factors. the same conclusion as above holds without the extra assumption that H is finitely generated.
Co-existence of phenylketonuria either with maple syrup urine disease or Sandhoff disease in two patients from Iran: emphasizing the role of consanguinity
Authors: Abiri Maryam , Talebi Saeed , Uitto Jouni , Youssefian Leila , Vahidnezhad Hassan , Shirzad Tina , Salehpour Shadab , Zeinali Sirous 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMost inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. IEMs are one of the major concerns in Iran due to its extensive consanguineous marriages. Herein, we report two patients with two co-existent IEMs: a girl affected by classic phenylketonuria (PKU) and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) and a male patient affected with Sandhoff disease and PKU, where Sandhoff disease was suspected due to the presence of a cherry-red spot in the eyes at 6 months which is unrelated to PKU. Sequencing of candidate genes in the first patient revealed one novel and three recurrent compound heterozygous mutations of p.Ser231Pro and p.Ala300Ser in the
Parabolic Marcinkiewicz integrals on product spaces and extrapolation
Authors: Ali Mohammed , Al-Dolat Mohammed 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we study the the parabolic Marcinkiewicz integral

M

Ω
,
h

ρ

1
,

ρ
2

${\cal M}_{\Omega, h}^{{\rho _{1,}}{\rho _2}}$

on product domains R

n
× R

m
(n, m ≥ 2). Lp
estimates of such operators are obtained under weak conditions on the kernels. These estimates allow us to use an extrapolation argument to obtain some new and improved results on parabolic Marcinkiewicz integral operators.
Effect of annealing temperature on optical and electrical properties of metallophthalocyanine thin films deposited on silicon substrate
Authors: Skonieczny R. , Popielarski P. , Bała W. , Fabisiak K. , Paprocki K. , Jancelewicz M. , Kowalska M. , Szybowicz M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) thin films (300 nm thick) deposited on n-type silicon substrate have been studied using micro-Raman spectroscopy, atomic force spectroscopy (AFM) and I-V measurement. The CoPc thin layers have been deposited at room temperature by the quasi-molecular beam evaporation technique. The micro-Raman spectra of CoPc thin films have been recorded in the spectral range of 1000 cm-1 to 1900 cm-1 using 488 nm excitation wavelength. Moreover, using surface Raman mapping it was possible to obtain information about polymorphic forms distribution (before and after annealing) of metallophthalocyanine (α and β form) from polarized Raman spectra. The I-V characteristics of the Au/CoPc/n-Si/Al Schottky barrier were also investigated. The obtained results showed that influence of the annealing process plays a crucial role in the ordering and electrical conductivity of the molecular structure of CoPc thin films deposited on n-type silicon substrate.
Graphene oxide-multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite as an anode for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Majchrzycki Łukasz , Walkowiak Mariusz , Martyła Agnieszka , Yablokov Mikhail Y. , Nowicki Marek , Czajka Ryszard 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNowadays reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is regarded as a highly interesting material which is appropriate for possible applications in electrochemistry, especially in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Several methods were proposed for the preparation of rGO-based electrodes, resulting in high-capacity LIBs anodes. However, the mechanism of lithium storage in rGO and related materials is still not well understood. In this work we focused on the proposed mechanism of favorable bonding sites induced by additional functionalities attached to the graphene planes. This mechanism might increase the capacity of electrodes. In order to verify this hypothesis the composite of non-reduced graphene oxide (GO) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes electrodes was fabricated. Electrochemical properties of GO composite anodes were studied in comparison with similarly prepared electrodes based on rGO. This allowed us to estimate the impact of functional groups on the reversible capacity changes. As a result, it was shown that oxygen containing functional groups of GO do not create, in noticeable way, additional active sites for the electrochemical reactions of lithium storage, contrary to what has been postulated previously.