bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐temperature strength and plastic deformation behavior of niobium diboride consolidated by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Demirskyi Dmytro , Solodkyi Ievgen , Nishimura Toshiyuki , Sakka Yoshio , Vasylkiv Oleg 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBulk niobium diboride ceramics were consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1900°C. SPS resulted in dense specimens with a density of 98% of the theoretical density and a mean grain size of 6 μm. During the SPS consolidation, the hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) was formed from B2O3 on the powder particle surface and residual adsorbed nitrogen in the raw diboride powder. The room‐temperature strength of these NbB2 bulks was 420 MPa. The flexural strength of the NbB2 ceramics remained unchanged up to 1600°C. At 1700°C an increase in strength to 450 MPa was observed, which was accompanied by the disappearance of the secondary h‐BN phase. Finally, at 1800°C signs of plastic deformation were observed. Fractographic analysis revealed a number of etching pits and steplike surfaces suggestive of high‐temperature deformation. The temperature dependence of the flexural strength of NbB2 bulks prepared by SPS was compared with data for monolithic TiB2, HfB2 and ZrB2. Our analysis suggested that the thermal stresses accumulated during SPS consolidation may lead to additional strengthening at elevated temperatures.
THESEUS1 positively modulates plant defense responses against Botrytis cinerea through GUANINE EXCHANGE FACTOR4 signaling
Authors: Qu Shaofeng , Zhang Xi , Song Yutong , Lin Jinxing , Shan Xiaoyi 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe plant cell wall is an important interface for sensing pathogen attack and activating signaling pathways that promote plant immune responses. THESEUS1 (THE1) acts as a sensor of cell wall integrity that controls cell elongation during plant growth. However, no specific role for THE1 in plant defense responses has been reported. Here, we found that THE1 interacts with GUANINE EXCHANGE FACTOR4 (GEF4) and that both proteins play regulatory roles in plant resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Genetic analysis showed that THE1 and GEF4 function in the same genetic pathway to mediate plant defense responses. In addition, using transcriptome analysis, we identified various genes (such as defense‐related, secondary metabolite‐related, and transcription factor genes) that are likely downstream targets in the THE1‐GEF4 signaling pathway. Our results suggest that THE1 functions as an upstream regulator of GEF4 signaling to positively regulate defense responses against B. cinerea in Arabidopsis.
Unmet belongingness needs but not high belongingness needs alone predict adverse well‐being: A response surface modeling approach
Authors: Verhagen Maaike , Lodder Gerine M. A. , Baumeister Roy F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivePrevious work has linked high levels of belongingness needs to low well‐being, suggesting that high desire for social connection causes problems. Against that view, we hypothesized that problems stem especially from unmet belongingness needs. To examine this, discrepancies between belongingness needs and relationship satisfaction were measured.MethodA total of 1,342 adolescents (Mage = 13.94 years, 48.6% boys) completed questionnaires about belongingness needs, relationship satisfaction, loneliness, depressive symptoms, and self‐esteem. A combination of polynomial regression analyses with response surface modeling examined the effects of both fulfilled and unmet belongingness needs on well‐being.ResultsFulfilled belongingness needs did not affect adolescents' well‐being. However, larger discrepancies between high belongingness needs and low relationship satisfaction were related to higher loneliness, more depressive symptoms, and lower self‐esteem. Thus, well‐being was most strongly affected among adolescents reporting an unmet need to belong.ConclusionsWe add to the current knowledge by emphasizing that especially belongingness needs that exceed relationship satisfaction, regardless of the actual levels of both, contribute to actual health outcomes. Thus, high need to belong is not detrimental per se, but only in combination with low relationship satisfaction. Implications for clinical practice could be to prevent unmet belongingness needs to ultimately alleviate negative affect and self‐esteem.
Melanoma‐associated GRM3 variants dysregulate melanosome trafficking and cAMP signaling
Authors: Neto Ana , Ceol Craig J. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryLarge‐scale sequencing studies have revealed several genes that are recurrently mutated in melanomas. To annotate the melanoma genome, we have expressed tumor‐associated variants of these genes in zebrafish and characterized their effects on melanocyte development and function. Here, we describe expression of tumor‐associated variants of the recurrently mutated metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3) gene. Unlike wild‐type GRM3, tumor‐associated GRM3 variants disrupted trafficking of melanosomes, causing their aggregation in the cell body. Melanosomes are trafficked in a cAMP‐dependent manner, and drugs that directly or indirectly increased cAMP levels were able to suppress melanosome aggregation in mutant GRM3‐expressing melanocytes. Our data show that oncogenic GRM3 variants dysregulate cAMP signaling, a heretofore unknown role for these oncogenes. cAMP signaling has been implicated in melanoma progression and drug resistance, and our data show that oncogenic properties of GRM3 could be mediated, at least in part, by alterations in cAMP signaling.
Dormancy cycles in buried seeds of three perennial Xyris (Xyridaceae) species from the Brazilian campo rupestre
Authors: Oliveira T. G. S. , Diamantino I. P. , Garcia Q. S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Dormancy cycles are an important mechanism for avoiding seed germination under unfavourable periods for seedling establishment. This mechanism has been scarcely studied in tropical species. Here, we studied three tropical and perennial species of Xyris, X. asperula, X. subsetigera and X. trachyphylla, to investigate in situ longevity and the existence of seasonal seed dormancy cycles.

Seeds of three species of Xyris were buried in their natural habitat, with samples exhumed bimonthly for 18 months. Germination of exhumed seeds was assessed under a 12‐h photoperiod over a broad range of temperatures. Seeds of X. trachyphylla were also subjected to treatments to overcome secondary dormancy.

Seeds of all species are able to form a persistent seed bank and exhibit seasonal changes in germinability. Secondary dormancy was acquired during the rainy summer and was overcome during the subsequent dry season (autumn/winter). Desiccation partially overcomes secondary dormancy in X. trachyphylla seeds.

Soil seed bank persistence and synchronisation of seed germination under favourable conditions for seedling establishment contribute to the persistence and regeneration of X. asperula, X. subsetigera and X. trachyphylla in their natural environment.
Influence of inspiratory resistive loading on expiratory muscle fatigue in healthy humans
Authors: Peters Carli M. , Welch Joseph F. , Dominelli Paolo B. , Molgat‐Seon Yannick , Romer Lee M. , McKenzie Donald C. , Sheel A. William 
Published: June 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
This study is the first to measure objectively both inspiratory and expiratory muscle fatigue after inspiratory resistive loading to determine whether the expiratory muscles are activated to the point of fatigue when specifically loading the inspiratory muscles.

What is the main finding and its importance?
The absence of abdominal muscle fatigue suggests that future studies attempting to understand the neural and circulatory consequences of diaphragm fatigue can use inspiratory resistive loading without considering the confounding effects of abdominal muscle fatigue.

Expiratory resistive loading elicits inspiratory as well as expiratory muscle fatigue, suggesting parallel coactivation of the inspiratory muscles during expiration. It is unknown whether the expiratory muscles are likewise coactivated to the point of fatigue during inspiratory resistive loading (IRL). The purpose of this study was to determine whether IRL elicits expiratory as well as inspiratory muscle fatigue. Healthy male subjects (n = 9) underwent isocapnic IRL (60% maximal inspiratory pressure, 15 breaths min−1, 0.7 inspiratory duty cycle) to task failure. Abdominal and diaphragm contractile function was assessed at baseline and at 3, 15 and 30 min post‐IRL by measuring gastric twitch pressure (Pga,tw) and transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (Pdi,tw) in response to potentiated magnetic stimulation of the thoracic and phrenic nerves, respectively. Fatigue was defined as a significant reduction from baseline in Pga,tw or Pdi,tw. Throughout IRL, there was a time‐dependent increase in cardiac frequency and mean arterial blood pressure, suggesting activation of the respiratory muscle metaboreflex. The Pdi,tw was significantly lower than baseline (34.3 ± 9.6 cmH2O) at 3 (23.2 ± 5.7 cmH2O, P < 0.001), 15 (24.2 ± 5.1 cmH2O, P < 0.001) and 30 min post‐IRL (26.3 ± 6.0 cmH2O, P < 0.001). The Pga,tw was not significantly different from baseline (37.6 ± 17.1 cmH2O) at 3 (36.5 ± 14.6 cmH2O), 15 (33.7 ± 12.4 cmH2O) and 30 min post‐IRL (32.9 ± 11.3 cmH2O). Inspiratory resistive loading elicits objective evidence of diaphragm, but not abdominal, muscle fatigue. Agonist–antagonist interactions for the respiratory muscles appear to be more important during expiratory versus inspiratory loading.
The relationship between bicycle commuting and perceived stress: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Avila-Palencia Ione , de Nazelle Audrey , Cole-Hunter Tom , Donaire-Gonzalez David , Jerrett Michael , Rodriguez Daniel A , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark J 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionActive commuting — walking and bicycling for travel to and/or from work or educational addresses — may facilitate daily, routine physical activity. Several studies have investigated the relationship between active commuting and commuting stress; however, there are no studies examining the relationship between solely bicycle commuting and perceived stress, or studies that account for environmental determinants of bicycle commuting and stress. The current study evaluated the relationship between bicycle commuting, among working or studying adults in a dense urban setting, and perceived stress.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed with 788 adults who regularly travelled to work or study locations (excluding those who only commuted on foot) in Barcelona, Spain. Participants responded to a comprehensive telephone survey concerning their travel behaviour from June 2011 through to May 2012. Participants were categorised as either bicycle commuters or non-bicycle commuters, and (based on the Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-4) as either stressed or non-stressed. Multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance models of stress status based on exposures with bicycle commuting were estimated and adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsBicycle commuters had significantly lower risk of being stressed than non-bicycle commuters (Relative Risk; RR (95% CI)=0.73 (0.60 to 0.89), p=0.001). Bicycle commuters who bicycled 4 days per week (RR (95% CI)=0.42 (0.24 to 0.73), p=0.002) and those who bicycled 5 or more days per week (RR (95% CI)=0.57 (0.42 to 0.77), p<0.001) had lower risk of being stressed than those who bicycled less than 4 days. This relationship remained statistically significant after adjusting for individual and environmental confounders and when using different cut-offs of perceived stress.ConclusionsStress reduction may be an important consequence of routine bicycle use and should be considered by decision makers as another potential benefit of its promotion.
Does depression increase the risk of stroke in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? A population-based cohort study
Authors: Tsai Tzung-Yi , Lu Ming-Chi , Livneh Hanoch , Chiu Shan-Yun , Lai Ning-Sheng , Guo How-Ran 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesComorbid depression is common and undertreated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It remains uncertain whether comorbid depression provoked the risk of poor clinical outcome, stroke in particular, among patients with RA. This work aimed to determine if depression onset during the treatment process increases stroke risk for patients with RA as compared with those with (1) neither RA nor depression, (2) RA only and (3) depression only.DesignA nationwide, population-based cohort study.SettingTaiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database.ParticipantsWe identified 8045 subjects with a newly diagnosed RA between 1997 and 2010, together with 32 600 subjects without RA matched by age, gender and index date. All subjects were further divided into four groups based on whether they were diagnosed with comorbid depression during the follow-up period.Main outcome measureThe incidence rate and HR for incident stroke were estimated by the end of 2012 using Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsWe discovered that patients with RA with the comorbid depression exhibited the highest risk of stroke, with an adjusted HR of 2.18 (95% CI 1.87 to 2.54). Those with RA only or those with depression only still had the higher risk of stroke by 43% and 57% as compared with subjects without either condition. Multivariate analysis showed RA subjects who were male or older, incurred the onset of depression, or had comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes as well as heart disease, had a greater risk of stroke.ConclusionsThis study cleared up the significant association between RA and the subsequent risk of stroke, and further highlighted that the onset of depression within the treatment process may increase stroke risk for RA subjects. Findings could assist healthcare providers to pinpoint individuals with RA with a higher predisposition of stroke, which could facilitate the provision of appropriate rehabilitation.
Assessing the impact of colonoscopy complications on use of colonoscopy among primary care physicians and other connected physicians: an observational study of older Americans
Authors: Keating Nancy L , James O’Malley A , Onnela Jukka-Pekka , Landon Bruce E 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesPsychological biases can distort treatment decision-making. The availability heuristic is one such bias, wherein events that are recent, vivid or easily imagined are readily ‘available’ to memory and are therefore judged more likely to occur than expected based on epidemiological data. We assessed if the occurrence of a serious colonoscopy complication for a primary care physician’s patient influenced colonoscopy rates for the physician’s other patients.DesignLongitudinal study with time-varying exposure variables.Setting/participantsIndividuals living in 51 hospital referral regions across the USA identified based on enrolment in fee-for-service Medicare during 2005–2010. We assigned patients to a primary care physician based on office visits during the prior 2 years.ExposuresFor each physician in each month, we calculated the proportion of patients assigned to them who had a colonoscopy. We identified two serious complications of which the primary care provider would very likely be aware: gastrointestinal bleed or perforation leading to hospitalisation or death within 14 days of colonoscopy.Main outcome measuresWe employed Poisson regression models including physician fixed effects to assess the change in number of colonoscopies in the four quarters following an adverse colonoscopy event.ResultsWe identified 5 360 191 patients assigned to 30 704 physicians. 4864 physicians (16%) had at least one patient with an adverse event. The estimated change in the quarterly number of colonoscopies among physicians’ patients was significantly lower in quarter 2 following an adverse colonoscopy event (change=−2.1% (95% CI −3.4 to −0.8%)), before returning to the rate expected in the absence of an adverse event.ConclusionsHaving a patient experience a serious adverse colonoscopy event was associated with a small and temporary decline in colonoscopy rates among a physician’s other patients. This finding provides empirical evidence for the influence of notable adverse events on care, possibly due to the availability heuristic.
Effect of e-cigarette advertisements and antismoking messages on explicit and implicit attitudes towards tobacco and e-cigarette smoking in 18–65-year-olds: a randomised controlled study protocol
Authors: Booth Paula , Albery Ian P , Frings Daniel 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSince the advent of e-cigarettes, e-cigarette advertising has escalated and companies are able to use marketing strategies that are not permissible for tobacco products. Research into the effect of e-cigarette advertising on attitudes towards tobacco and e-cigarettes is in its infancy. To date, no research has compared indirect (implicit) measures of attitude towards e-cigarettes with direct (explicit) measures. Furthermore, little consideration has been given to how viewing online advertisements may have an effect on attitudes towards e-cigarettes or how positive attitudes to e-cigarettes may undermine antismoking public health messages. The objectives of this study are to investigate (1) the relationship between explicit and implicit attitudes towards tobacco and e-cigarettes, (2) the effect of e-cigarette advertising on these attitudes and (3) the effect of these attitudes on the efficacy of antismoking health messages.Methods and analysisIn experiment 1 an analysis of covariance will be conducted to determine whether viewing an e-cigarette advertisement, compared with a neutral image, has an effect on implicit or explicit attitudes towards tobacco and e-cigarettes, and if these attitudes differ between smokers, vapers and non-smokers aged 18 - 25 years. In experiment 2, moderation analysis will be conducted to assess whether attitudes towards e-cigarettes moderate the psychological efficacy of antismoking health messages in participants aged 18–65 years. In each experiment, attitudes will be measured preintervention and postintervention and 1 week later (n=150) in participants who are smokers (n=50), vapers (n=50) or non-smokers (n=50).Ethics and disseminationApproval for this study has been given by the London South Bank University’s (LSBU) Research Ethics Committee. The findings of these studies will be submitted for publication and disseminated via conferences. The results will be integrated into course provision for practitioners training at LSBU.
Formal consensus to identify clinically important changes in management resulting from the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients who activate the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) pathway
Authors: Pufulete Maria , Brierley Rachel C , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara , Greenwood John P , Dorman Stephen , Anderson Richard A , Harris Jessica , McAlindon Elisa , Rogers Chris A , Reeves Barnaby C 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo define important changes in management arising from the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients who activate the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) pathway.DesignFormal consensus study using literature review and cardiologist expert opinion to formulate consensus statements and setting up a consensus panel to review the statements (by completing a web-based survey, attending a face-to-face meeting to discuss survey results and modify the survey to reflect group discussion and completing the modified survey to determine which statements were in consensus).ParticipantsFormulation of consensus statements: four cardiologists (two CMR and two interventional) and six non-clinical researchers. Formal consensus: seven cardiologists (two CMR and three interventional, one echocardiography and one heart failure). Forty-nine additional cardiologists completed the modified survey.ResultsThirty-seven draft statements describing changes in management following CMR were generated; these were condensed into 12 statements and reviewed through the formal consensus process. Three of 12 statements were classified in consensus in the first survey; these related to the role of CMR in identifying the cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, providing a definitive diagnosis in patients found to have unobstructed arteries on angiography and identifying patients with left ventricular thrombus. Two additional statements were in consensus in the modified survey, relating to the ability of CMR to identify patients who have a poor prognosis after PPCI and assess ischaemia and viability in patients with multivessel disease.ConclusionThere was consensus that CMR leads to clinically important changes in management in five subgroups of patients who activate the PPCI pathway.
The Bipolar Illness Onset study: research protocol for the BIO cohort study
Authors: Kessing Lars Vedel , Munkholm Klaus , Faurholt-Jepsen Maria , Miskowiak Kamilla Woznica , Nielsen Lars Bo , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth , Ekstrøm Claus , Winther Ole , Pedersen Bente Klarlund , Poulsen Henrik Enghusen , McIntyre Roger S , Kapczinski Flavio , Gattaz Wagner F , Bardram Jakob , Frost Mads , Mayora Oscar , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Phillips Mary , Vinberg Maj 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBipolar disorder is an often disabling mental illness with a lifetime prevalence of 1%–2%, a high risk of recurrence of manic and depressive episodes, a lifelong elevated risk of suicide and a substantial heritability. The course of illness is frequently characterised by progressive shortening of interepisode intervals with each recurrence and increasing cognitive dysfunction in a subset of individuals with this condition. Clinically, diagnostic boundaries between bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders such as unipolar depression are unclear although pharmacological and psychological treatment strategies differ substantially. Patients with bipolar disorder are often misdiagnosed and the mean delay between onset and diagnosis is 5–10 years. Although the risk of relapse of depression and mania is high it is for most patients impossible to predict and consequently prevent upcoming episodes in an individual tailored way. The identification of objective biomarkers can both inform bipolar disorder diagnosis and provide biological targets for the development of new and personalised treatments. Accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder in its early stages could help prevent the long-term detrimental effects of the illness.The present Bipolar Illness Onset study aims to identify (1) a composite blood-based biomarker, (2) a composite electronic smartphone-based biomarker and (3) a neurocognitive and neuroimaging-based signature for bipolar disorder.Methods and analysisThe study will include 300 patients with newly diagnosed/first-episode bipolar disorder, 200 of their healthy siblings or offspring and 100 healthy individuals without a family history of affective disorder. All participants will be followed longitudinally with repeated blood samples and other biological tissues, self-monitored and automatically generated smartphone data, neuropsychological tests and a subset of the cohort with neuroimaging during a 5 to 10-year study period.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Local Ethical Committee (H-7-2014-007) and the data agency, Capital Region of Copenhagen (RHP-2015-023), and the findings will be widely disseminated at international conferences and meetings including conferences for the International Society for Bipolar Disorders and the World Federation of Societies for Biological Psychiatry and in scientific peer-reviewed papers.Trial registration numberNCT02888262.