bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapamycin suppresses microglial activation and reduces the development of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury
Authors: Tateda Satoshi , Kanno Haruo , Ozawa Hiroshi , Sekiguchi Akira , Yahata Kenichiro , Yamaya Seiji , Itoi Eiji 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTRapamycin is an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, plays an important role in multiple cellular functions. Our previous study showed rapamycin treatment in acute phase reduced the neural tissue damage and locomotor impairment after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, there has been no study to investigate the therapeutic effect of rapamycin on neuropathic pain after SCI. In this study, we examined whether rapamycin reduces neuropathic pain following SCI in mice. We used a mouse model of thoracic spinal cord contusion injury, and divided the mice into the rapamycin‐treated and the vehicle‐treated groups. The rapamycin‐treated mice were intraperitoneally injected with rapamycin (1 mg/kg) 4 h after SCI. The rapamycin treatment suppressed phosphorylated‐p70S6K in the injured spinal cord that indicated inhibition of mTOR. The rapamycin treatment significantly improved not only locomotor function, but also mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in the hindpaws after SCI. In an immunohistochemical analysis, Iba‐1‐stained microglia in the lumbar spinal cord was significantly decreased in the rapamycin‐treated mice. In addition, the activity of p38 MAPK in the lumbar spinal cord was significantly attenuated by rapamycin treatment. Furthermore, phosphorylated‐p38 MAPK‐positive microglia was relatively decreased in the rapamycin‐treated mice. These results indicated rapamycin administration in acute phase to reduce secondary neural tissue damage can contribute to the suppression of the microglial activation in the lumbar spinal cord and attenuate the development of neuropathic pain after SCI. The present study first demonstrated that rapamycin has significant therapeutic potential to reduce the development of neuropathic pain following SCI. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:93–103, 2017.
Logistical challenges and design considerations for studies using acute anterior cruciate ligament injury as a potential model for early posttraumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Lattermann Christian , Jacobs Cale A. , Bunnell Mary Proffitt , Jochimsen Kate N. , Abt John P. , Reinke Emily K. , Gammon Lee G. , Huebner Janet L. , Kraus Virginia B. , Spindler Kurt P. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common and lead to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in a high percentage of patients. Research has been ineffective in identifying successful treatment options for people suffering from symptomatic PTOA resulting in a shift of focus toward the young, ACL injured patients at risk of developing PTOA. Randomized clinical trials examining the very early phase after ACL injury are ideal to study this population; however, these trials face significant challenges regarding recruitment as well as reproducibility of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) and inflammatory and/or chondrodegenerative biomarkers associated with early PTOA. The aim of this work was to develop an approach to allow for early recruitment into an RCT for early treatment following ACL injury and to analyze the variability of commonly used measures and biomarkers at various time points after injury. This paper reports the study design and data related to the first month of treatment for the placebo group of an ongoing 2‐year clinical trial to evaluate the effect of an early intra‐articular intervention after ACL injury. The results of this study suggest that acute ACL injury results in early changes of both inflammatory and chondrodegenerative biomarkers. These results also provide vital information for researchers to consider when developing future protocols, both related to the logistics of early patient enrollment as well as the appropriate timing of biomarker and patient‐reported outcome collection. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:641–650, 2017.
Biomechanical consequences of adding plantar fascia release to metatarsal osteotomies: Changes in forefoot plantar pressures
Authors: Aydogan Umur , Roush Evan P. , Moore Blake E. , Andrews Seth H. , Lewis Gregory S. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTDestruction of the normal metatarsal arch by a long metatarsal is often a cause for metatarsalgia. When surgery is warranted, distal oblique, or proximal dorsiflexion osteotomies of the long metatarsal bones are commonly used. The plantar fascia has anatomical connection to all metatarsal heads. There is controversial scientific evidence on the effect of plantar fascia release on forefoot biomechanics. In this cadaveric biomechanical study, we hypothesized that plantar fascia release would augment the plantar metatarsal pressure decreasing effects of two common second metatarsal osteotomy techniques. Six matched pairs of foot and ankle specimens were mounted on a pressure mat loading platform. Two randomly assigned surgery groups, which had received either distal oblique, or proximal dorsiflexion osteotomy of the second metatarsal, were evaluated before and after plantar fasciectomy. Specimens were loaded up to a ground reaction force of 400 N at varying Achilles tendon forces. Average pressures, peak pressures, and contact areas were analyzed. Supporting our hypothesis, average pressures under the second metatarsal during 600 N Achilles load were decreased by plantar fascia release following proximal osteotomy (p < 0.05). However contrary to our hypothesis, peak pressures under the second metatarsal were significantly increased by plantar fascia release following modified distal osteotomy, under multiple Achilles loading conditions (p < 0.05). Plantar fasciotomy should not be added to distal metatarsal osteotomy in the treatment of metatarsalgia. If proximal dorsiflexion osteotomy would be preferred, plantar fasciotomy should be approached cautiously not to disturb the forefoot biomechanics. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:800–804, 2017.
The versatility of the serratus anterior free flap in head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Khan Mohemmed N. , Rodriguez Laureano Giraldez , Pool Christopher D. , Laitman Benjamin , Hernandez Christopher , Erovic Boban M. , Teng Marita S. , Genden Eric M. , Miles Brett A. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisReview the literature on the use of the serratus anterior free flap in the head and neck reconstruction and describe new applications of the serratus anterior free flap.Study DesignCase series with retrospective chart review and literature review.MethodsA PubMed literature review was performed using the search terms “serratus free flap,” “serratus skull base,” “serratus scalp,” and “serratus free tissue transfer.” One hundred and seventy‐six articles were identified, 22 of which included at least one head and neck reconstructive case utilizing the serratus free flap. Twenty‐two articles were identified since 1982 that discussed the use of the serratus anterior free flap for reconstruction in the head and neck. However, most of these were harvested in conjunction with latissimus muscle.ResultsWe present a case series of 15 patients in whom the serratus anterior muscle free flap was used alone for head and neck reconstruction. In seven of these patients, we used the serratus for coverage of the newly created pharynx after total laryngectomy, which has not previously been reported.ConclusionThe serratus anterior free muscle flap has great versatility in reconstruction of the head and neck. Because of its low donor site morbidity, thinness, and pliability, as well as its ease of harvest, it is ideal for reconstruction of the skull base and scalp. We have also found that it is ideal for muscle coverage of the newly reconstructed pharynx after total laryngectomy.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:568–573, 2017
Salt‐ and pH‐Responsive Semirigid/Flexible Double‐Hydrophilic Block Copolymers
Authors: Savage Alice M. , Ullrich Elizabeth , Kost Caitlyn , Turner Sam Richard 
Published: June 2016

Double‐hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs) of poly((4‐diethylamino)‐(E)‐stilbene)‐alt‐maleic acid)‐block‐acryloyl morpholine (DEASti‐alt‐MA)‐b‐ACMO), semirigid‐b‐flexible coil structures, form polyion complexes (PICs) in aqueous solutions. The pH and salt responsiveness of the PICs are studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS). PIC complex formation is dependent on block segment lengths and pH. The particle size increases as the pH approaches the IEP (isoelectric point) of the DHBC. The salt responsiveness is also measured by using DLS to monitor PIC size for four examples with different segment molar masses. These PICs exhibit an antipolyelectrolyte effect with increasing hydrodynamic diameter as ionic strength (NaCl) increases from 0.01 to 2.0 m. PICs are more stable at higher ionic strengths with higher ACMO molar mass.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Tunable Dual‐pH Switchable Zwitterionic Copolymers
Authors: Guo Jian , Li Zifu , Li Yunhui , Liu Qingxia , Yan Ci , Xu Zhenghe 
Published: June 2016

A dual‐pH switchable zwitterionic copolymer, poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) (poly(DMAEMA‐co‐AM‐co‐AA)), is synthesized by random copolymerization. Characterized by a sharp change in solution turbidity, the conformation of such polymers in aqueous solutions can be switched at both acidic (low pH) and alkaline (high pH) conditions, with the switching pH being finely tunable by controlling the molar ratio of cationic and anionic functional groups of the copolymer. Study with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation confirm the origin of the conformational change from electrostatic attractions between cationic DMAEMA and anionic AA functional groups.
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Water‐Induced Transitions from Ellipsoidal Micelles to Chain‐Like Nanostructures Self‐Assembled by the Coil‐Rod‐Coil Block Copolymer Based on Hydrogen‐Bonding Urea Groups
Authors: Qi Rui , Jin Yong , Cheng Xinfeng , Li Hanping , Lai Shuangquan , Sun Xiaopeng 
Published: June 2016

Herein, a novel coil‐rod‐coil triblock copolymer with the coil blocks composed of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether and the rigid midterm block alternatively connected with isophorone diisocyanate and isophorone diamine is developed. The triblock copolymer can self‐assemble into ellipsoidal micelles in 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone. After the addition of a second coil‐selective solvent (water) to the micellar solutions, these ellipsoidal micelles can further transform into chain‐like nanostructures. The self‐assembly behavior is highly influenced by the additional order of the solvents, which is considerably due to the impacts of the hydrogen‐bonding urea groups and rigid motifs. The transition of the ellipsoidal micelles to chain‐like nanostructures is governed by the water molar fractions. The sizes of the chain‐like nanostructures increase first and then decrease with the growth of the water molar fractions in the mixed solutions.
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Improved Particle Size Control for the Dispersion Polymerization of Methyl methacrylate in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: McAllister Thomas D. , Farrand Louise D. , Howdle Steven M. 
Published: June 2016

Dispersion polymerization is a well‐established method of producing polymer particles that are easily handled and processed. With careful choice of reaction conditions this technique can yield well defined, spherical particles for a wide range of applications. The use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a reaction medium offers a route to performing these syntheses without excessive use of volatile organic solvents and minimizes work‐up and disposal steps. However a significant drawback has been the fact that up till now the control of particle size and morphology from CO2 have been limited. This study presents control of particle size and morphology over an unprecedented range for a single stabilizer in scCO2 by coordinating a few simple parameters to tailor the conditions toward different sizes. Further, this study introduces the novel approach in scCO2 of using delayed monomer addition which allows considerable reduction of the batch‐to‐batch variability as well as reduced agglomeration between particles.
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Dead Celebrity (Deleb) Use in Marketing: An Initial Theoretical Exposition
Authors: D'Rozario Denver 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe market for dead celebrities (Delebs) is large and growing. According to recent estimates, it is now worth $2.25 billion in annual licensing and royalty revenues (CBC, 2013; Kirsta, 2012). The practice is now so prevalent that Forbes began its annual ranking, in 2001, of the postmortem earnings of the “top‐earning dead celebrities.” In this paper, the author examines this practice and does the following. First, key terms are defined. Next, some of the major similarities and differences between living and dead celebrities are looked at. Following this, six major streams of theory that might pertain to Delebs are examined. They are used to explain (a) why Delebs remain popular in the consumption culture (“Nostalgia” theory), (b) why Deleb possessions are often in demand (“Celebrity Contagion” theory), (c) why many people willingly accept the products of Deleb morphing and reanimation efforts, even though they know they are not real (the “Pleasure of Imagination”), (d), why Deleb morphing and reanimation efforts sometimes fail with some audiences (the “Savanna Principle”), (e) how Deleb reanimations are typically perceived by human audiences (the “Uncanny Valley”), and (f) how Delebs should be properly used by marketers (“Fit” theory). The author concludes with some key principles learned, in addition to looking at the limitations of this paper and future directions for Deleb research.
Anticipatory Savoring and Consumption: Just Thinking about That First Bite of Chocolate Fills You Up Faster
Authors: Black Iain R. , Areni Charles S. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTTwo laboratory studies examine how consumers adjust their eating to the size of the portion they expect to receive. Participants who knew in advance that they would receive six pieces of chocolate waited less time before eating each piece and ate more pieces than participants who expected to receive only two pieces when they started, even though both groups were ultimately offered six pieces. In the second study, natural variance in how long participants waited before tasting the chocolates was negatively related to how many additional pieces they thought they could eat after finishing the last piece. These results suggest that increasing the interval prior to taking the first bite of a piece of chocolate reduced overall consumption. When consumers focus their attention on eating, the interval before taking the first bite captures anticipatory savoring—psychologically looking forward to the actual consumption experience.
Customer Referral Reward–Brand–Fit: A Schema Congruity Perspective
Authors: Stumpf Christian , Baum Matthias 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTCustomer referral programs (CRPs) are widely applied as an effective means to stimulate word‐of‐mouth. While previous research mainly focuses on CRPs’ impact of acquiring new customers, this study introduces referral programs as a strategic brand management tool. In doing so, this article emphasizes what has been largely neglected by scholars: A “recommenders‐perspective.” Guided by two competing theoretical perspectives, this article proposes that the perceived congruity between a reward and the recommended brand is an essential driver of referral program performance outcomes. The results show that rewards that conform to the image of the recommended brand yield more favorable reward attractiveness perceptions. Furthermore, the authors show that reward attractiveness perceptions inevitably affect the brand customers are asked to recommend in exchange for receiving this reward. The research reported here extends the literature on judgmental evaluations resulting from schema‐based processing and provides novel insights into the design of CRPs.
Development of Fluorescent Gelators and Detection of Explosives Using Fibrous Xerogel Films
Authors: Hanabusa Kenji , Harano Kazuki , Fujisaki Masafumi , Nomura Yasushi , Suzuki Masahiro 
Published: June 2016

SummaryFluorescent gelators containing stilbene segments were synthesized, and their gelation abilities were studied. Fibrous xerogel films were prepared from the gels on quartz plates, and their abilities to detect explosives were evaluated by the fluorescence quenching of the xerogel films upon exposure to saturated TNT or RDX vapor. The morphologies of the xerogel films were studied by TEM and DFM. The xerogel films that showed effective fluorescence quenching were found to have 3D fibrous networks with widths of several tens of nanometers and entangled fibrous aggregates with very uneven surfaces. The mechanism for detecting TNT was discussed from the viewpoint of HOMO and LUMO levels.
UV‐Free Microfluidic Particle Fabrication at Low Temperature Using ARGET‐ATRP as the Initiator System
Authors: Braun Lukas B. , Hessberger Tristan , Serra Christophe A. , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: June 2016

A new way to fabricate monodisperse polymer particles in a microfluidic device without UV‐light and without the need for high temperatures is described in this article. By applying an activator regeneration by electron transfer ‐ atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET‐ATRP) initiator system in a co‐capillary microfluidic setup and by separating the monomer mixture in an initiator and a catalyst phase, a fast polymerization of the droplets at low temperature without premature curing and thus clogging of the capillaries can be achieved. The influence of the flow rates on the particle sizes and their polydispersity as well as the controlled character of the polymerization are investigated. The particle size is well adjustable, but the reaction is not controlled due to the high radical concentration needed for rapid polymerization. In addition, particles with incorporated UV‐dyes are produced as a proof of concept at low temperature.image
The Youth Daily Life Before Fulfilling Socio‐educational Measures of Deprivation of Liberty in Brazil: Ordinary Experiences That Are Tangent to the Inclusion in Drug Trafficking
Authors: Costa Luciana Assis , Rocha Daniete Fernandes , Vieira Gabriela , Reis Adriene 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to demonstrate some understanding of the daily lives of young people facing socio‐educational measures of incarceration, especially regarding the predisposing factors that may explain their involvement in criminal occupations and activities (Although the socio‐educational measures applicable to adolescents configures as a response to committing of an offence, it has a mostly educational and not punitive character.). This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach. The data collection instrument used was semi‐structured interviews with 22 young men aged between 12 and 17 years, on condition of deprivation of freedom in four youth centres in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The results showed that these adolescents had a way of life associated with a scarcity of resources owned by households (including little control over them, despite the efforts of their mothers); low adherence to school; limited institutional access to activities in their free time; exposure to predisposing factors to crime, such as early contact with crime through neighbourhood and family relationships; and profiting from crime. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Texture Adaption in Dysphagia: Acceptability Differences Between Thickened and Naturally Thick Beverages
Authors: Gerschke Marco , Seehafer Peggy 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to investigate differences in the acceptability between thickened and naturally viscous beverages.

Design:
This was an exploratory, cross-sectional study.

Methods:
One hundred twenty-eight healthy volunteers rated overall liking/disliking of a selection of each of three thickened drinks and three beverages of natural viscosity pre- and postconsumption. Mean ratings were subjected to statistical analysis done with t tests.

Findings:
Although all naturally thick beverages evoked good expectations, there were significant differences in expected acceptance of thickened fluids concerning the kind of beverage. Postconsumption of naturally thick beverages were rated significantly better than thickened.

Conclusions:
The findings suggest an alternative offer of naturally thick drinks and waiver of thickening water when viscosity adaption is needed.

Clinical Relevance:
The sufficient and safe oral fluid intake in dysphagia requires compliance to dietetic recommendations. Naturally thick beverages can contribute to increase the appeal of texture-modified diet.
Cognitive Limitations at Work Among Employed Breast Cancer Survivors in China
Authors: Zeng Yingchun , Cheng Andy S. K. , Feuerstein Michael 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to determine whether levels of distress (anxiety and depression) and cognitive symptoms at work are related to work productivity and quality of life (QOL) in Chinese breast cancer survivors (BCS), compared to a group of Chinese women without cancer but with different musculoskeletal pain related to work.

Design
This study used a cross-sectional study design.

Methods
Working BCS were recruited in a tumor hospital’s outpatient department, and women with no history of cancer (noncancer comparison [NCC] group) were recruited from a rehabilitation center.

Findings
A total of 412 participants were included. Multiple regression analyses indicated that higher anxiety was associated with work limitations (B = .005, p = .014) and QOL (B = 2.417, p = .004) in the BCS group only. Cognitive limitations at work were associated with work limitations (B = .002, p = .001) and QOL (B = 1.022, p = .003) in the BCS group only. Depressive symptoms (B = .028, p = .017) were significantly associated with work limitations in the NCC group.

Conclusions
Breast cancer survivors reported higher levels of cognitive limitations at work and anxiety, lower levels of work productivity, and QOL.

Clinical Relevance
When remaining at work is a viable option for the cancer survivor with cognitive limitations at work, the rehabilitation nurse should consider approaches to best accommodate the specific cognitive limitations and work tasks, as well as help the patient manage associated anxiety when present.
Efficient SO2 Capture through Multiple Chalcogen Bonds, Sulfur‐Centered Hydrogen Bonds and S•••π Interactions: A Computational Study
Authors: Sahoo Dipak Kumar , Mundlapati V. Rao , Gagrai Arun Anand , Biswal Himansu S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe non‐toxic, environment friendly, biodegradable properties and cost effectiveness of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) allow them to be used as green‐solvents for several applications. The presence of multiple binding sites in the APIs has an additional advantage for the flue gas capture. Herein we report a detailed analysis of efficient SO2 capture by the anions associated with APIs through several strong and weak non‐covalent interactions. The DFT studies and Langmuir adsorption model suggest that the APIs based anions are highly efficient alternatives for SO2 capture at low as well as high partial pressures (0.01 – 0.1 MPa) of SO2. The absorption capacity can be achieved as much as 5.8 mol SO2/mol APIs; the best absorption capacity till reported. Our computational results suggest that for the efficient SO2 capture, the enthalpy of absorption (ΔH) should be −65 to −50 kJ.mol−1; below this range absorption capacity reduces drastically. This study also emphasizes the importance of weak interactions (S•••π and C−H•••O and C−H•••S hydrogen bonds) together with the strong chalcogen bonds to be considered in designing new absorbing materials for SO2 capture.