bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Quinone‐Based N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles: Chemical Reactivity of Rh(II) Azavinyl Carbenes and Antitumor Activity
Authors: Valença Wagner O. , Baiju Thekke V. , Brito Fernanda G. , Araujo Maria H. , Pessoa Claudia , Cavalcanti Bruno C. , de Simone Carlos A. , Jacob Claus , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractQuinone‐based N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles were synthesized by click chemistry and subsequently evaluated against eight types of cancer cell lines. Some of the compounds exhibited potent cytotoxicity with IC50 values < 1.0 μM. Also, the cytotoxic potential of the quinones was evaluated against peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) and V79 cells. Additionally, the chemical reactivity of Rh(II) aza‐vinyl carbenes generated in situ from these triazoles was studied. These compounds could provide promising new lead derivatives for more potent anticancer drug development.
Activated Carbon / Graphene Hybrid Aerogels as Electrode Materials for High Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhu Qizhen , Ma Li , Wang Haoran , Jia Mengqiu , Guan Yibiao , Xu Bin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractActivated carbon / graphene hybrid aerogels (AC/rGO) with high surface area and 3D structure were prepared with a simple hydrothermal treatment of a mixture of AC and graphene oxide (GO) aqueous solution. The AC/rGO aerogels with high surface area of 2400 m2 g−1 exhibit good electrochemical performances as an electrode material for supercapacitors in both aqueous and non‐aqueous electrolytes. In 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte, a satisfying specific capacitance of 294 F g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and an excellent rate capability retention of 70.4% at 20 A g−1 can be obtained for the AC/rGO electrode, indicating the rGO can dramatically improve the rate performance with negligible sacrifice of the specific capacitance. Furthermore, due to the high electrode density (0.58 g cm−3), the volumetric capacitance of AC/rGO electrode reaches up to 170.5 F cm−3 at 0.05 A g−1. In 1 M TEABF4/PC non‐aqueous electrolyte, the AC/rGO electrode presents capacitances of 144 F g−1 and 96 F g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and 20 A g−1, respectively. The superior performance of the AC/rGO aerogels can be attributed to the synergy between the AC with high surface area and the rGO aerogel with 3D conductive structure, which makes the AC/rGO aerogel a promising electrode material for high performance supercapacitors.
Protective effects of Ziziphora tenuior extract against chlorpyrifos induced liver and lung toxicity in rat: Mechanistic approaches in subchronic study
Authors: Yazdinezhad Alireza , Abbasian Meysam , Hojjat Hosseini Seyed , Naserzadeh Parvaneh , Agh‐Atabay Abdol‐Hakim , Hosseini Mir‐Jamal 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most widely used organophosphorus, which has spurred renewed interest. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of ziziphora tenuior extract against CPF‐induced liver and lung toxicity. This study conducted 8‐week rat sub‐chronic toxicity study and then the effect of ziziphora tenuior extract in 3 different doses (40, 80, 160 mg/kg) was determined. We administrated maximum tolerated dose of CPF (6.75 mg/kg) by gavage for 8 weeks (5 times in week) to male rats. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after last dose and the biochemical analysis, which confirms involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CPF toxicity in liver including increased in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, and ROS formation, glutathione depletion, decreased of antioxidant effect via frap oxidation and cytochrome c expulsion. In addition, pathological lesions confirm the dysfunction of the organs (liver and lung). In addition, using of ziziphora extract as an antioxidant is resulted in amelioration of oxidative stress marker in liver and lung damage. In conclusion, the current study revealed that CPF toxicity is related to oxidative stress and induction of cell death signaling and cotreatment with ziziphora extract is recommended in the routine therapy for the protection against CPF induced liver and lung tissue damage.
Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of nanosilver in stable GADD45α promoter‐driven luciferase reporter HepG2 and A549 cells
Authors: Che Bizhong , Luo Qiulin , Zhai Bingzhong , Fan Guoqiang , Liu Zhiyong , Cheng Kaiming , Xin Lili 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe intense commercial application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been raising concerns about their potential adverse health effects to human. This study aimed to explore the potency of AgNPs to induce GADD45α gene, an important stress sensor, and its relationships with the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity elicited by AgNPs.MethodsTwo established HepG2 and A549 cell lines containing the GADD45α promoter‐driven luciferase reporter were treated with increasing concentrations of AgNPs for 48 hours. After the treatment, transcriptional activation of GADD45α indicated by luciferase activity, cell viability, cell cycle arrest, and levels of genotoxicity were determined. The uptake and intracellular localization of AgNPs, cellular Ag doses as well as Ag+ release were also detected.ResultsAgNPs could activate GADD45α gene at the transcriptional level as demonstrated by the dose‐dependent increases in luciferase activity in both the reporter cells. The relative luciferase activity was greater than 12× the control level in HepG2‐luciferase cells at the highest concentration tested where the cell viability decreased to 17.0% of the control. These results was generally in accordance with the positive responses in cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest of Sub G1 and G2/M phase, Olive tail moment, micronuclei frequency, and the cellular Ag content.ConclusionsThe cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of AgNPs seems to occur mainly via particles uptake and the subsequent liberation of ions inside the cells. And furthermore, the GADD45α promoter‐driven luciferase reporter cells, especially the HepG2‐luciferase cells, could provide a new and valuable tool for predicting nanomaterials genotoxicity in humans.
Wind tunnel investigation on the effect of the turbine tower on wind turbines wake symmetry
Authors: Pierella Fabio , Sætran Lars 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn wind farms, the wake of the upstream turbines becomes the inflow for the downstream machines. Ideally, the turbine wake is a stable vortex system. In reality, because of factors like background turbulence, mean flow shear, and tower‐wake interaction, the wake velocity deficit is not symmetric and is displaced away from its mean position. The irregular velocity profile leads to a decreased efficiency and increased blade stress levels for the downstream turbines. The object of this work is the experimental investigation of the effect of the wind turbine tower on the symmetry and displacement of the wake velocity deficit induced by one and two in‐line model wind turbines (,D= 0.9 m). The results of the experiments, performed in the closed‐loop wind tunnel of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim (Norway), showed that the wake of the single turbine expanded more in the horizontal direction (side‐wall normal) than in the vertical (floor normal) direction and that the center of the wake vortex had a tendency to move toward the wind tunnel floor as it was advected downstream from the rotor. The wake of the turbine tandem showed a similar behavior, with a larger degree of non‐symmetry. The analysis of the cross‐stream velocity profiles revealed that the non‐symmetries were caused by a different cross‐stream momentum transport in the top‐tip and bottom‐tip region, induced by the turbine tower wake. In fact, when a second additional turbine tower, mirroring the original one, was installed above the turbine nacelle, the wake recovered its symmetric structure. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical investigation of extraction parameters of keratin from chicken feather using Design-Expert
Authors: Kamarudin Nuruldiyanah Binti , Sharma Swati , Gupta Arun , Kee Chua Gek , Chik Syed Mohd Saufi Bin Tuan , Gupta Ritu 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Uncontrolled disposal of feathers from the poultry industry and slaughterhouses is environmentally undesirable. The feathers are composed of approximately 90% of keratin which is an important ingredient of cosmetics, shampoos and hair treatment creams. This study aimed to determine the optimum conditions for the extraction of keratin from chicken feathers. The extraction of keratin using various reducing agents was studied using statistical experimental design. In the extraction process, pH, temperature, ratio of reducing agents, mass of chicken feathers and incubation time were analyzed. The keratin in the total extracted protein was purified by size exclusion chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and further characterized using amino acids profile analysis. The surface morphology and chemical composition were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Sodium sulfide (Na2S) yielded 84.5% of keratin as compared to sodium hydroxide (43.8), urea mixture (50.6), mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium bisulfite (18.3) and a mixture of Na2S and sodium hydroxide (41.5%) under optimized conditions. The optimum yield of keratin was achieved at 80.9 °C in 9.5 h with 0.05 M sodium sulfide using response surface methodology (RSM). Among the five parameters screened, pH was found not to be significant because the p value was greater than 0.05.
A comparative study reveals the higher resolution of RAPD over ARDRA for analyzing diversity of Nostoc strains
Authors: Chakdar Hillol , Pabbi Sunil 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Nostoc is a diverse genus of filamentous cyanobacteria with tremendous potential for agricultural and industrial applications. Morphometric methods and routine 16S rDNA-based identification undermines the genetic diversity and impedes strain-level differentiation. A comparative study to deduce the discriminatory power of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) for analyzing the genetic diversity of 20 Nostoc strains of diverse geographical origin was carried out. The RAPD primer used in the study generated 100% polymorphic profile. HIP TG primer produced the highest number of bands and fragments. Five primers, viz. OPA 08, OPA 11, HIP GC, OPAH 02 and OPF 05 could produce unique bands for 11 strains. Cluster analysis using the RAPD profile showed 12.5–25% similarity among the strains. Following in silico restriction analysis, two restriction enzymes, viz. HaeIII and HinfI were selected for ARDRA. However, clustering based on the restriction pattern showed 22.5–100% similarity. Results of the present study clearly indicate higher resolution of RAPD which can be reliably used for strain-level differentiation of Nostoc strains.
Re-positioning faculty development as knowledge mobilization for&nbsp;health professions education
Authors: Ng Stella L. , Baker Lindsay R. , Karen Leslie Karen 
Published: June 2017

Faculty development as knowledge mobilization offers a particularly fruitful and novel avenue for exploring the research-practice interface in health professions education. We use this ‘eye opener’ to build off this assertion to envision faculty development as an enterprise that provides a formal, recognized space for the sharing of research and practical knowledge among health professions educators. Faculty development’s knowledge mobilizing strategies and outcomes, which draw upon varied sources of knowledge, make it a potentially effective knowledge mobilization vehicle.
First, we explain our choice of the term knowledge mobilization over translation, in an attempt to resist the false dichotomy of ‘knowledge user’ and ‘knowledge creator’. Second, we leverage the documented strengths of faculty development against the documented critiques of knowledge mobilization in the hopes of avoiding some of the pitfalls that have befallen previous attempts at closing knowing-doing gaps.
Through faculty development, faculty are indeed educated, in the traditional sense, to acquire new knowledge and skill, but they are also socialized to go on to form the systems and structures of their workplaces, as leaders and workers. Therefore, faculty development can not only mobilize knowledge, but also create knowledge mobilizers. Achieving this vision of faculty development as knowledge mobilization requires an acceptance of multiple sources of knowledge, including practice-based knowledge, and of multiple purposes for education and faculty development, including professional socialization.
Interactive effects between Lymphotoxin α +252 polymorphism and habits of substance use on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tsai Jung‐Fa , Chen Shinn‐Chern , Lin Zu‐Yau , Dai Chia‐Yen , Huang Jee‐Fu , Yu Min‐Lung , Chuang Wan‐Long 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis case–control study aimed to assess the interactive effect between polymorphisms of lymphotoxin (LT) α +252 and habitual substance use on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We enrolled 150 pairs of sex‐ and age‐matched HCC patients and unrelated healthy controls. LTα genotypes were detected with polymerase‐chain reaction and restrictive fragment length polymorphisms. Information about habits of substance use was obtained through personal interview. Multivariate analysis indicated that LTα +252 G/G genotypes [odds ratio (OR) = 3.36], Hepatitis B surface antigen (OR = 16.68), antibodies to hepatitis C virus (OR = 34.88) and having at least two habits of substance use (OR = 2.50) were independent risk factors for HCC. There were additive interactions among LTα +252 G/G genotype, chronic viral hepatitis, and habit of each substance use. In conclusion: There are independent and additive interactions between LTα +252 G/G genotype, chronic viral hepatitis, and habits of substance use on risk of HCC.
The Reform of the General Court: An Exercise in Minimalist (but Radical) Institutional Reform
Authors: SARMIENTO Daniel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this article, I scrutinise the impact of the reform that will double the number of judges at the General Court. I examine the consequences of a wider use of a five-judge chamber, the continuation of generalist chambers, and the possible departure from the General Court’s minimal standard of review of legality. But greater efficiency at the General Court will have important consequences for the Court of Justice too. The Court of Justice must anticipate more appeals following the General Court’s increase in productivity; the transfer of jurisdiction to the General Court to hear preliminary references is considered. Profound changes at the General Court will lead to the Court of Justice becoming a very different institution to the one we know.
Attributable Mortality of Healthcare-Associated Infections Due to Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Nelson Richard E. , Slayton Rachel B. , Stevens Vanessa W. , Jones Makoto M. , Khader Karim , Rubin Michael A. , Jernigan John A. , Samore Matthew H. 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) on mortality following infection, regardless of patient location.METHODSWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with an inpatient admission in the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) system between October 1, 2007, and November 30, 2010. We constructed multivariate log-binomial regressions to assess the impact of a positive culture on mortality in the 30- and 90-day periods following the first positive culture, using a propensity-score–matched subsample.RESULTSPatients identified with positive cultures due to MDR Acinetobacter (n=218), MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=1,026), and MDR Enterobacteriaceae (n=3,498) were propensity-score matched to 14,591 patients without positive cultures due to these organisms. In addition, 3,471 patients with positive cultures due to MRSA were propensity-score matched to 12,499 patients without positive MRSA cultures. Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria were associated with a significantly elevated risk of mortality both for invasive (RR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.85–2.92) and noninvasive cultures (RR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.22–1.44) during the 30-day period. Similarly, patients with MRSA HAIs (RR, 2.77; 95% CI, 2.39–3.21) and colonizations (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.22–1.50) had an increased risk of death at 30 days.CONCLUSIONSWe found that HAIs due to gram-negative bacteria and MRSA conferred significantly elevated 30- and 90-day risks of mortality. This finding held true both for invasive cultures, which are likely to be true infections, and noninvasive infections, which are possibly colonizations.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:848–856
Perturbation analysis of subphase gas and meniscus curvature effects for longitudinal flows over superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Crowdy Darren G. 
Published: June 2017

Integral expressions for the first-order correction to the effective slip length for longitudinal flows over a unidirectional superhydrophobic surface with rectangular grooves are determined under the assumptions that the meniscus curvature is small and the viscosity contrast between the groove-trapped subphase gas and the working fluid is significant. Both pressure-driven channel flows and semi-infinite shear flows are considered. Reciprocity ideas, based on use of Green’s second identity, provide the integral expressions with integrands dependent on known flat-meniscus solutions found by Philip (Z. Angew. Math. Phys., vol. 23, 1972, pp. 353–372). The results extend earlier work by Sbragaglia & Prosperetti (Phys. Fluids, vol. 19, 2007, 043603) on how weak meniscus curvature affects hydrodynamic slip. In particular, we derive a new integral expression for the first-order slip length correction due to weak meniscus curvature.
Fish parasites as indicators of organic pollution in southern Brazil
Authors: Lacerda A.C.F. , Roumbedakis K. , Bereta Junior J.G.S. , Nuñer A.P.O. , Petrucio M.M. , Martins M.L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIncreasing urbanization along riverbanks is a constant source of stressors to the aquatic community, and the use of bioindicators is suitable to detect and monitor the effect of each stressor. We investigated the parasites of the ‘cará’ fish (Geophagus brasiliensis) as potential bioindicators in a river whose banks are subject to increasing anthropogenic pressure. Samples were taken at four points of the Sangradouro River, in Florianópolis, southern Brazil, bimonthly for 12 months. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and salinity were measured at each point and water samples were taken for nutrient analysis (total nitrogen, nitrite, total ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, phosphate), and total and faecal coliforms. A generalized linear model (GLM) was constructed using the abundance of each parasite species as the response variable and biometric characteristic of the fish and water variables as possible predictors. Among the 137 fish examined, 114 (83.2%) were parasitized by at least one parasite species. Two species of ectoparasites (Sciadicleithrum guanduensis and Neascus-type metacercariae) and two species of endoparasites (Pandosentis aff. iracundus and Homalometron pseudopallidum) were observed. This is the first record of the genus Pandosentis in Brazilian waters and the first record of the species G. brasiliensis as a host for this parasite. Among the analysed groups of parasites, monogeneans and acanthocephalans proved to be the most sensitive to the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, faecal coliforms and total ammonia nitrogen in the water. Our study suggests that the abundance of both monoxenic and heteroxenous parasites can be negatively affected by organic pollution in the aquatic environment, reinforcing the potential of fish parasites as indicators of water quality.
Real-time parameter estimation of Zika outbreaks using model averaging
Authors: SEBRANGO-RODRÍGUEZ C. R. , MARTÍNEZ-BELLO D. A. , SÁNCHEZ-VALDÉS L. , THILAKARATHNE P. J. , DEL FAVA E. , VAN DER STUYFT P. , LÓPEZ-QUÍLEZ A. , SHKEDY Z. 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYEarly prediction of the final size of any epidemic and in particular for Zika disease outbreaks can be useful for health authorities in order to plan the response to the outbreak. The Richards model is often been used to estimate epidemiological parameters for arboviral diseases based on the reported cumulative cases in single- and multi-wave outbreaks. However, other non-linear models can also fit the data as well. Typically, one follows the so called post selection estimation procedure, i.e., selects the best fitting model out of the set of candidate models and ignores the model uncertainty in both estimation and inference since these procedures are based on a single model. In this paper we focus on the estimation of the final size and the turning point of the epidemic and conduct a real-time prediction for the final size of the outbreak using several non-linear models in which these parameters are estimated via model averaging. The proposed method is applied to Zika outbreak data in four cities from Colombia, during the outbreak ocurred in 2015–2016.
The role of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in CVD
Authors: Jackson Jacklyn , Patterson Amanda J. , MacDonald-Wicks Lesley , McEvoy Mark 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, a consequence of mostly poor lifestyle and dietary behaviours. Although whole fruit and vegetable consumption has been consistently shown to reduce CVD risk, the exact protective constituents of these foods are yet to be clearly identified. A recent and biologically plausible hypothesis supporting the cardioprotective effects of vegetables has been linked to their inorganic nitrate content. Approximately 60–80 % inorganic nitrate exposure in the human diet is contributed by vegetable consumption. Although inorganic nitrate is a relatively stable molecule, under specific conditions it can be metabolised in the body to produce NO via the newly discovered nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway. NO is a major signalling molecule in the human body, and has a key role in maintaining vascular tone, smooth muscle cell proliferation, platelet activity and inflammation. Currently, there is accumulating evidence demonstrating that inorganic nitrate can lead to lower blood pressure and improved vascular compliance in humans. The aim of this review is to present an informative, balanced and critical review of the current evidence investigating the role of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in the development, prevention and/or treatment of CVD. Although there is evidence supporting short-term inorganic nitrate intakes for reduced blood pressure, there is a severe lack of research examining the role of long-term nitrate intakes in the treatment and/or prevention of hard CVD outcomes, such as myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. Epidemiological evidence is needed in this field to justify continued research efforts.