bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pn tomography of South China Sea, Taiwan Island, Philippine archipelago, and adjacent regions
Authors: Li Xibing , Song Xiaodong , Li Jiangtao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe South China Sea (SCS) and its surrounding areas are geologically highly heterogeneous from the interactions of multiple plates in Southeast Asia (Eurasian plate, Indian‐Australian plate, Philippine Sea plate, and Pacific plate). To understand the tectonics at depth, here we combined bulletin and handpicked data to conduct Pn tomography of the region. The results show distinct features that are correlated with the complex geology at surface, suggesting a lithosphere‐scale tectonics of the region. Low Pn velocities are found along a belt of the western Pacific transpressional system from the Okinawa Trough and eastern East China Sea, across central and eastern Taiwan orogeny, to the island arcs of the Luzon Strait and the entire Philippine Islands, as well as under the Palawan Island and part of the continental margin north of the Pearl River Basin. High velocities are found under Ryukyu subduction zone, part of the Philippine subduction zone, part of the Eurasian subduction beneath the southwestern Taiwan, and the continent‐ocean boundary between the south China and the SCS basin. The Taiwan Strait, the Mainland SE coast, and the main SCS basin sea are relatively uniform with average Pn values. Crustal thicknesses show large variations in the study region but also coherency with tectonic elements. The Pn pattern in Taiwan shows linear trends of surface geology and suggests strongly lithosphere‐scale deformation of the young Taiwan orogenic belt marked by the deformation boundary under the Western Foothill and the Western Coastal Plain at depth, and the crustal thickness shows a complex pattern from the transpressional collision. Our observations are consistent with rifting and extension in the northern margin of the SCS but are not consistent with mantle upwelling as a mechanism for the opening and the subsequent closing of the SCS. The Philippine island arc is affected by volcanisms from both the Asian and Philippine Sea subductions in the south but mainly from the Asian subduction in the north and under the Luzon Strait.
Direct MSTID mitigation in precise GPS processing
Authors: Hernández‐Pajares Manuel , Wielgosz Pawel , Paziewski Jacek , Krypiak‐Gregorczyk Anna , Krukowska Marta , Stepniak Katarzyna , Kaplon Jan , Hadas Tomasz , Sosnica Krzysztof , Bosy Jaroslaw , Orus‐Perez Raul , Monte‐Moreno Enric , Yang Heng , Garcia‐Rigo Alberto , Olivares‐Pulido Germán 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the authors summarize a simple and efficient approach developed to mitigate the problem in precise Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning originated by the most frequent ionospheric wave signatures: the medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). The direct GNSS Ionospheric Interferometry technique (hereinafter dGII), presented in this paper, is applied for correcting MSTID effects on precise Real Time Kinematic (RTK) and tropospheric determination. It consists of the evolution of the former climatic Differential Delay Mitigation Model for MSTIDs (DMTID), for real‐time conditions, using ionospheric data from a single permanent receiver only. The performance is demonstrated with networks of GNSS receivers in Poland, treated as users under real‐time conditions, during two representative days in winter and summer seasons (days 353 and 168 of year 2013). In range domain, dGII typically reduces the ionospheric delay error up to 10–90% of the value when the MSTID mitigation model is not applied. The main dGII impact on precise positioning is that we can obtain reliable RTK position faster. In particular, the ambiguity success rate parameter increases, from 74% to 83%, with respect to the original uncorrected observations. The average of time to first fix is shortened from 30 s to 13 s. The improvement in troposphere estimaton, due to any potential impact of the MSTID mitigation model, was most difficult to demonstrate.
Space‐weighted seismic attenuation mapping of the aseismic source of Campi Flegrei 1983–1984 unrest
Authors: De Siena L. , Amoruso A. , Pezzo E. Del , Wakeford Z. , Castellano M. , Crescentini L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCoda wave attenuation imaging is able to detect fluid/melt accumulation and ancient magmatic bodies in volcanoes. Here we use recently developed space‐weighting sensitivity functions to invert for the spatial distributions of multifrequency coda wave attenuation (
), measured during the largest monitored unrest at Campi Flegrei caldera (1983–1984). High‐attenuation anomalies are spatially correlated with the regions of highest structural complexities and cross faulting. They characterize deep fluid circulation in and around the aseismic roots of the 1534 A.D. Mount Nuovo eruption and fluid accumulation in the areas of highest hydrothermal hazard. Just offshore Pozzuoli, and at the highest frequency (wavelengths of ∼150 m), the main cause of ground deformation and seismicity during the unrest is an aseismic low‐attenuation circular anomaly, similar in shape and nature to those produced by ancient magmatic reservoirs and active sills at other volcanoes.
Lifetime Risk of Primary Total Hip Replacement Surgery for Osteoarthritis From 2003 to 2013: A Multinational Analysis Using National Registry Data
Authors: Ackerman Ilana N. , Bohensky Megan A. , de Steiger Richard , Brand Caroline A. , Eskelinen Antti , Fenstad Anne Marie , Furnes Ove , Graves Stephen E. , Haapakoski Jaason , Mäkelä Keijo , Mehnert Frank , Nemes Szilard , Overgaard Søren , Pedersen Alma B. , Garellick Göran 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo compare the lifetime risk of total hip replacement (THR) surgery for osteoarthritis (OA) between countries, and over time.MethodsData on primary THR procedures performed for OA in 2003 and 2013 were extracted from national arthroplasty registries in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Life tables and population data were also obtained for each country. Lifetime risk of THR was calculated for 2003 and 2013 using registry, life table, and population data.ResultsIn 2003, lifetime risk of THR ranged from 8.7% (Denmark) to 15.9% (Norway) for females, and from 6.3% (Denmark) to 8.6% (Finland) for males. With the exception of females in Norway (where lifetime risk started and remained high), lifetime risk of THR increased significantly for both sexes in all countries from 2003 to 2013. In 2013, lifetime risk of THR was as high as 1 in 7 women in Norway, and 1 in 10 men in Finland. Females consistently demonstrated the highest lifetime risk of THR at both time points. Notably, lifetime risk for females in Norway was approximately double the risk for males in 2003 (females 15.9% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 15.6–16.1], males 6.9% [95% CI 6.7–7.1]), and 2013 (females 16.0% [95% CI 15.8–16.3], males 8.3% [95% CI 8.1–8.5]).ConclusionUsing representative, population‐based data, this study found statistically significant increases in the lifetime risk of THR in 5 countries over a 10‐year period, and substantial between‐sex differences. These multinational risk estimates can inform resource planning for OA service delivery.
Thiophene‐Fused 1,4‐Thiaborins: Synthesis, Structures and Properties
Authors: Yan Yanan , Sun Zhe , Li Chenglong , Zhang Jinyun , Lv Lei , Liu Xuguang , Liu Xiujie 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTwo isomeric 1,4‐thiaborin derivatives fused by two thiophene rings (dithieno‐1,4‐thiaborins, DTTBs) were synthesized in two steps from commercially available materials, and their structures were confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. DTTBs 1 and 2 showed excellent stability towards air and moisture. Theoretical calculations revealed that the fusion of thiophenes enhanced the aromaticity of the centered 1,4‐thiaborins compared to their corresponding dibenzothiaborins. Furthermore, DTTBs 1 and 2 could be further functionalized by metalation followed by addition of electrophile. DTTBs are promising platforms upon which it is possible to build the next generation of organoboron π‐electron materials.
Nonadherence to sublingual immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis: a real‐life analysis
Authors: Wang Ting , Li Yue , Wang Feng , Zhou Chengyong 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundTo sustain the long‐lasting beneficial effects of allergen‐specific sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), an adequate duration of treatment is required. Nevertheless, many patients discontinue prematurely and therefore fail to obtain satisfactory therapeutic effect in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to analyze the causes leading to premature discontinuation of SLIT in allergic rhinitis (AR), and to provide the corresponding countermeasures for the following SLIT course.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data from 142 patients with AR who started SLIT during the period from December 2009 to February 2015. Patients were contacted at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months into SLIT as part of our standard of care. The patients who claimed to have stopped treatment were asked to provide a reason during one of the phone calls.ResultsOverall, 76 (54%) patients with AR terminated immunotherapy during the first year of treatment. Among the 76 patients, the following reasons were cited for nonadherence to immunotherapy: patients could not be reached (25%); ineffectiveness (24%); the long course (18%); improvement of symptoms (13%); side effects (4%); lack of confidence in the treatment (4%); or other reasons (12%).ConclusionFifty‐four percent of AR patients terminated their treatment within the first year of SLIT. The top reasons for treatment discontinuation included patients not be reached, ineffectiveness, and length of course.
NanoSOSG: A Nanostructured Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Intracellular Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Ruiz‐González Rubén , Bresolí‐Obach Roger , Gulías Òscar , Agut Montserrat , Savoie Huguette , Boyle Ross W. , Nonell Santi , Giuntini Francesca 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA biocompatible fluorescent nanoprobe for singlet oxygen (1O2) detection in biological systems was designed, synthesized, and characterized, that circumvents many of the limitations of the molecular probe Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green® (SOSG). This widely used commercial singlet oxygen probe was covalently linked to a polyacrylamide nanoparticle core using different architectures to optimize the response to 1O2. In contrast to its molecular counterpart, the optimum SOSG‐based nanoprobe, which we call NanoSOSG, is readily internalized by E. coli cells and does not interact with bovine serum albumin. Furthermore, the spectral characteristics do not change inside cells, and the probe responds to intracellularly generated 1O2 with an increase in fluorescence.
Geochemical Survey and Evaluation Excavations at Alderley Edge: Recognizing Anthropogenic Signatures within a Mining Site‐scape
Authors: Carey Christopher J. , Moles Norman R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractArchaeological science and field investigations are making greater use of multi‐element geochemical survey as a tool for site prospection and intra‐excavation analysis. This increasing use of geochemical survey is allowing a new field of geoprospection to develop, a technique that has specific relevance to the investigation of sites containing archaeometallurgical evidence, due to the high geochemical loadings within archaeological contexts produced from past metalworking activities. Correspondingly, there have been relatively few published examples that compare the results of geochemical surveys against excavation data. This study reports the use of geochemical data to investigate a multi‐period mining site‐scape at Alderley Edge, Cheshire, UK. The geochemical data is analysed using principle component analysis, which facilitates the identification of a number of geochemical anomalies. The site taphonomy and stratigraphic evolution of this mining site‐scape is complex, with naturally occurring areas of lead and copper mineralization and a history of exploitation since the early Bronze Age. The geochemical anomalies were compared to the results of excavation within the survey area and this combination of excavation and prospection data allowed the reasons for the different geochemical anomalies to be explained. The article highlights the potential of using multi‐element geochemical survey to investigate sites containing archaeometallurgical remains and provides a discussion of why context specificity is essential to correctly interpret multi‐element geochemical data. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative evaluation of models to predict human intestinal metabolism from nonclinical data
Authors: Yau Estelle , Petersson Carl , Dolgos Hugues , Peters Sheila Annie 
Published: February 2017

AbstractExtensive gut metabolism is often associated with the risk of low and variable bioavailability. The prediction of the fraction of drug escaping gut wall metabolism as well as transporter‐mediated secretion (Fg) has been challenged by the lack of appropriate preclinical models. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of models that are widely employed in the pharmaceutical industry today to estimate Fg and, based on the outcome, to provide recommendations for the prediction of human Fg during drug discovery and early drug development. The use of in vitro intrinsic clearance from human liver microsomes (HLM) in three mechanistic models – the ADAM, Qgut and Competing Rates – was evaluated for drugs whose metabolism is dominated by CYP450s, assuming that the effect of transporters is negligible. The utility of rat as a model for human Fg was also explored. The ADAM, Qgut and Competing Rates models had comparable prediction success (70%, 74%, 69%, respectively) and bias (AFE = 1.26, 0.74 and 0.81, respectively). However, the ADAM model showed better accuracy compared with the Qgut and Competing Rates models (RMSE =0.20 vs 0.30 and 0.25, respectively). Rat is not a good model (prediction success =32%, RMSE =0.48 and AFE = 0.44) as it seems systematically to under‐predict human Fg. Hence, we would recommend the use of rat to identify the need for Fg assessment, followed by the use of HLM in simple models to predict human Fg. © 2017 Merck KGaA. Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nucleic‐Acid‐Templated Enzyme Cascades
Authors: Rajendran Arivazhagan , Nakata Eiji , Nakano Shun , Morii Takashi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCellular metabolism involves complex sequences of organized enzymatic reactions, known as metabolic pathways, that convert substrates into readily usable materials. In nature, these enzymatic complexes are organized in a well‐defined manner so that the cascade reactions are more rapid and efficient than they would be if the enzymes were randomly distributed in the cytosol. Development of artificial enzyme cascades that resemble nature's organization of sequentially assembled enzymes is of current interest due to its potential applications, from diagnostics to the production of high‐value chemicals. Nucleic acids and their nanostructures have been used to organize enzyme cascades and have been shown to enhance the efficiencies and rates of sequential reactions. Here we summarize the recent progress in the development of artificial enzyme cascades and sequential reactions by arranging enzymes on various DNA/RNA templates and discuss the future directions of this research endeavour.
TET1 promotes cisplatin‐resistance via demethylating the vimentin promoter in ovarian cancer
Authors: Han Xi , Zhou Yuanyuan , You Yuanyi , Lu Jiaojiao , Wang Lijie , Hou Huilian , Li Jing , Chen Wei , Zhao Le , Li Xu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe development of chemo‐resistance impairs the outcome of the first line platinum‐based chemotherapies for ovarian cancer. Deregulation of DNA methylation/demethylation provides a critical mechanism for the occurrence of chemo‐resistance. The ten‐eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases including TET1/2/3 plays an important part in DNA demethylation, but their roles in cisplatin resistance have not been elucidated. Using cisplatin‐sensitive and cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer cell models, we found that TET1 was significantly upregulated in cisplatin‐resistant CP70 cells compared with that in cisplatin‐sensitive A2780 cells. Ectopic expression of TET1 in A2780 cells promoted cisplatin resistance and decreased cytotoxicity induced by cisplatin, while inhibition of TET1 by siRNA transfection in CP70 cells attenuated cisplatin resistance and enhanced cytotoxicity of cisplatin. Increased TET1 induced re‐expression of vimentin through active DNA demethylation, and cause partial epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal (EMT) in A2780 cells. Contrarily, knocking down of TET1 in CP70 cells reduced vimentin expression and reversed EMT process. Immunohistochemical analysis of TET1 in human ovarian cancer tissues revealed that TET1 existed in nucleus and cytoplasm in ovarian cancer tissues. And the expression of nuclear TET1 was positively correlated with residual tumor and chemotherapeutic response. Thus, TET1 expression causes resistance to cisplatin and one of the targets of TET1 action is vimentin in ovarian cancer.
Cuvette‐Based Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Detection System for the Assessment of Polymerizable Ruthenium Luminophores
Authors: Danis Andrew S. , Odette William L. , Perry Samuel C. , Canesi Sylvain , Sleiman Hanadi F. , Mauzeroll Janine 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHerein, we validate a novel cuvette‐based approach to measure electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) by employing the hyphenation of a commercial spectrometer and a potentiostat. The new experimental design provides simultaneous acquisition of electrochemical and ECL data, allowing complementary analysis by both techniques. Preliminary analysis of an organometallic ECL standard, tris(2,2′‐bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+), and tripropylamine (TPA), showed excellent reproducibility both in terms of the electrochemistry and the ECL signal. Equally as important, the acquired electrochemistry and ECL from the Ru(bpy)32+/TPA system served as a baseline for evaluating the ECL response of polymerizable ruthenium luminophores.
Graphene‐Encapsulated Copper tin Sulfide Submicron Spheres as High‐Capacity Binder‐Free Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fu Lin , Wang Xiaogang , Ma Jun , Zhang Chuanjian , He Jianjiang , Xu Hongxia , Chai Jingchao , Li Shizhen , Chai Fenglian , Cui Guanglei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSn‐based sulfides are potential anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs); nevertheless, they typically suffer from poor cycle stability resulted from the huge volume variation during lithium‐ion insertion and extraction. Herein, we successfully fabricated the multiphase Cu2Sn3S7/Cu2SnS3/SnS2 (CTS) submicron spheres uniformly incorporated with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (CTS@RGO). This binder‐free hybrid CTS@RGO paper exhibits favorable capacity retention as an anode of LIBs (965 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at current density of 500 mA g−1), as well as better rate capability and high initial coulombic efficiency compared with that of a pristine CTS anode. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the introduction of graphene as a buffer to accommodate large volume changes and to maintain structural integrity of electrode.
Cleavage of Dinitrogen from Forming Gas by a Titanium Molecular System under Ambient Conditions
Authors: González‐Moreiras Mariano , Mena Miguel , Pérez‐Redondo Adrián , Yélamos Carlos 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSimple exposure of a hexane solution of [TiCp*Me3] (Cp*=η5‐C5Me5) to an atmosphere of commercially available and inexpensive forming gas (H2/N2 mixture, 13.5–16.5 % of H2) at room temperature leads to the methylidene–methylidyne–nitrido cube‐type complex [(TiCp*)4(μ3‐CH)(μ3‐CH2)(μ3‐N)2] via dinitrogen cleavage. This paramagnetic compound reacts with [D1]chloroform to give the titanium(IV) methylidyne–nitrido species [(TiCp*)4(μ3‐CH)2(μ3‐N)2], whereas its one‐electron oxidation with AgOTf or [Fe(η5‐C5H5)2](OTf) (OTf=O3SCF3) yields the diamagnetic ionic derivative [(TiCp*)4(μ3‐CH)(μ3‐CH2)(μ3‐N)2](OTf). The μ3‐nitrido ligands of the methylidyne–nitrido cubane complex can be protonated with [LutH](OTf) (Lut=2,6‐lutidine) or hydrogenated with NH3⋅BH3 to afford μ3‐NH imido moieties.
Facile Preparation of Ultrathin Co3O4/Nanocarbon Composites with Greatly Improved Surface Activity as a Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalyst
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Hu Jun , Diao Honglin , Luo Wenjing , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe efficient catalytic oxidation of water to dioxygen plays a significant role in solar fuel and artificial photosynthetic systems. It remains highly challenging to develop oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts with high activity and low cost under mild conditions. Here, a new composite material is reported based on ultrathin 2D Co3O4 nanosheets and reduced graphene oxides (rGO) by means of a one‐pot hydrothermal strategy. The ultrathin Co3O4/rGO nanocomposite shows superior stability under alkaline conditions and exhibits an overpotential of 290 mV with a Tafel slope of 68 mA dec−1, which is much smaller than that of bare Co3O4 catalyst. Extensive experiments were also carried out using 0D CS and 1D CNTs (CS=carbon spheres, CNTs=carbon nanotubes) in place of the 2D rGO. The overpotentials of as‐prepared nanocomposites decrease with the increase of the dimension of nanocarbons, suggesting the electrochemistry activity is closely related to the surface area of carbon substrates. In addition, compared with ultrathin 2D Co3O4 nanosheets with a Co2+/Co3+ ratio of 1.2, the as‐prepared ultrathin Co3O4/rGO nanocomposite with a Co2+/Co3+ ratio of 1.4 contributes to the better OER performance as more oxygen vacancies can be formed in the ultrathin Co3O4/rGO nanocomposite under the experimental conditions. Compared with other Co3O4‐containing composite materials reported so far, the ultrathin Co3O4/rGO nanocomposites show excellent OER performance.
Applying search algorithms to obtain the optimal configuration of nDT torus nodes
Authors: Andújar‐Muñoz Francisco‐José , Villar-Ortiz Juan‐Antonio , Sánchez‐García José‐Luis , Alfaro‐Cortés Francisco‐José 
Published: February 2017

SummaryAn nDT torus is a topology where each node comprises 2 identical (n+1)‐port communication cards interconnected by 1 port. By using the current switches or communication cards, this node architecture allows to build torus networks having a greater number of dimensions than networks including only 1 card per node. There are multiple ways to use the ports of the 2 cards to connect a node to other nodes on the nDT torus, and therefore, checking all the configurations is only an affordable problem for small values of n. In this paper, we use artificial intelligence and data mining techniques to obtain the optimal port configuration of all the nodes in the network. We include a performance evaluation that shows nDT torus effectively increases the performance compared with the equivalent torus in resources, with synthetic and application trace–based workloads. We also apply these techniques to 3DT and 5DT tori to confirm the increase in the number of dimensions that does not affect to performance of the nDT torus.
Quantitation of DNA and RNA with Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Gallagher Sean R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractQuantitation of nucleic acids is a fundamental tool in molecular biology that requires accuracy, reliability, and the use of increasingly smaller sample volumes. This unit describes the traditional absorbance measurement at 260 nm and three more sensitive fluorescence techniques employing Hoechst 33258, ethidium bromide, and PicoGreen. The range of the assays covers 25 pg/ml to 50 µg/ml. Absorbance at 260 nm has an effective range from 1 to 50 µg/ml; Hoechst 33258 from 0.01 to 15 µg/ml; ethidium bromide from 0.1 to 10 µg/ml; and PicoGreen from 25 to 1000 pg/ml. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.