bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waveguide Encoded Lattices (WELs): Slim Polymer Films with Panoramic Fields of View (FOV) and Multiple Imaging Functionality
Authors: Hosein Ian D. , Lin Hao , Ponte Matthew R. , Basker Dinesh K. , Brook Michael A. , Saravanamuttu Kalaichelvi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWhen encoded with a 3D network of interconnected and pentadirectional waveguides, an otherwise passive polymer film transforms into an intelligent optical element—a waveguide encoded lattice (WEL)—that combines a panoramic field of view, infinite depth of field and powerful capacity to perform multiple imaging operations such as divergence‐free transmission, focusing, and inversion. The lattices are moreover operable with coherent and incoherent light at all visible wavelengths, both individually (e.g., narrow band sources such as lasers, light‐emitting diodes) and collectively (e.g., incandescent sources). This combination of properties is unprecedented in single‐component films and the WEL structures represent a new class of flexible, slim films that could confer advanced optical functionalities when integrated with light‐based technologies (e.g., solar panels, smart phone cameras, and smart screens) and are amenable to the design and fabrication of new miniaturized optical and optoelectronic devices.
In Situ Construction of 3D Interconnected FeS@Fe3C@Graphitic Carbon Networks for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Qinghong , Zhang Wenchao , Guo Can , Liu Yajie , Wang Chao , Guo Zaiping 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIron sulfides have been attracting great attention as anode materials for high‐performance rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity and low cost. In practice, however, they deliver unsatisfactory performance because of their intrinsically low conductivity and volume expansion during charge–discharge processes. Here, a facile in situ synthesis of a 3D interconnected FeS@Fe3C@graphitic carbon (FeS@Fe3C@GC) composite via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) followed by a sulfuration strategy is developed. The construction of the double‐layered Fe3C/GC shell and the integral 3D GC network benefits from the catalytic effect of iron (or iron oxides) during the CVD process. The unique nanostructure offers fast electron/Na ion transport pathways and exhibits outstanding structural stability, ensuring fast kinetics and long cycle life of the FeS@Fe3C@GC electrodes for sodium storage. A similar process can be applied for the fabrication of various metal oxide/carbon and metal sulfide/carbon electrode materials for high‐performance lithium/sodium‐ion batteries.
Nanolattices: An Emerging Class of Mechanical Metamaterials
Authors: Bauer Jens , Meza Lucas R. , Schaedler Tobias A. , Schwaiger Ruth , Zheng Xiaoyu , Valdevit Lorenzo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn 1903, Alexander Graham Bell developed a design principle to generate lightweight, mechanically robust lattice structures based on triangular cells; this has since found broad application in lightweight design. Over one hundred years later, the same principle is being used in the fabrication of nanolattice materials, namely lattice structures composed of nanoscale constituents. Taking advantage of the size‐dependent properties typical of nanoparticles, nanowires, and thin films, nanolattices redefine the limits of the accessible material‐property space throughout different disciplines. Herein, the exceptional mechanical performance of nanolattices, including their ultrahigh strength, damage tolerance, and stiffness, are reviewed, and their potential for multifunctional applications beyond mechanics is examined. The efficient integration of architecture and size‐affected properties is key to further develop nanolattices. The introduction of a hierarchical architecture is an effective tool in enhancing mechanical properties, and the eventual goal of nanolattice design may be to replicate the intricate hierarchies and functionalities observed in biological materials. Additive manufacturing and self‐assembly techniques enable lattice design at the nanoscale; the scaling‐up of nanolattice fabrication is currently the major challenge to their widespread use in technological applications.
A Eutectic Mixture of Natural Fatty Acids Can Serve as the Gating Material for Near‐Infrared‐Triggered Drug Release
Authors: Zhu Chunlei , Huo Da , Chen Qiaoshan , Xue Jiajia , Shen Song , Xia Younan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA smart release system responsive to near‐infrared (NIR) light is developed for intracellular drug delivery. The concept is demonstrated by coencapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) (an anticancer drug) and IR780 iodide (IR780) (an NIR‐absorbing dye) into nanoparticles made of a eutectic mixture of naturally occurring fatty acids. The eutectic mixture has a well‐defined melting point at 39 °C, and can be used as a biocompatible phase‐change material for NIR‐triggered drug release. The resultant nanoparticles exhibit prominent photothermal effect and quick drug release in response to NIR irradiation. Fluorescence microscopy analysis indicates that the DOX trapped in the nanoparticles can be efficiently released into the cytosol under NIR irradiation, resulting in enhanced anticancer activity. A new platform is thus offered for designing effective intracellular drug‐release systems, holding great promise for future cancer therapy.
Laser Porosificated Silicon Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Sämann Christian , Kelesiadou Katerina , Hosseinioun Seyedeh Sheida , Wachtler Mario , Köhler Jürgen R. , Birke Kai Peter , Schubert Markus B. , Werner Jürgen H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study presents the first laser porosificated silicon anode for lithium‐ion batteries. The pulsed laser induced pore creation improves the cycling stability of the d = 210 nm thick sputtered thin film anodes compared to plain Si. Galvanostatic cycling with a charge capacity limited to C = 932 mAh g−1 and a 2C current rate shows a stable cycling for more than N = 600 cycles. After N = 3000 cycles the laser porosificated and crystallized Si has a remaining capacity of C3000 > 120 mAh g−1. Postmortem scanning electron microscopy images after N = 3000 cycles prove that the laser porosification reduces cracks in the active layer.
Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Wilcox Ryan A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDisease overviewCutaneous T‐cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin, the majority of which may be classified as Mycosis Fungoides (MF) or Sézary Syndrome (SS).DiagnosisThe diagnosis of MF or SS requires the integration of clinical and histopathologic data.Risk‐adapted therapyTNMB (tumor, node, metastasis, blood) staging remains the most important prognostic factor in MF/SS and forms the basis for a “risk‐adapted,” multi‐disciplinary approach to treatment. For patients with disease limited to the skin, expectant management or skin‐directed therapies is preferred, as both disease‐specific and overall survival for these patients is favorable. In contrast, patients with advanced‐stage disease with significant nodal, visceral or blood involvement are generally approached with biologic‐response modifiers or histone deacetylase inhibitors prior to escalating therapy to include systemic, single‐agent chemotherapy. In highly‐selected patients, allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation may be considered, as this may be curative in some patients.
Sub‐Monolayer Growth of Titanium, Cobalt, and Palladium on Epitaxial Graphene
Authors: Sokolova Anastasia , Kilchert Franziska , Link Stefan , Stöhr Alexander , Starke Ulrich , Schneider M. Alexander 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe deposited metals (Ti, Co, Pd) typically used as seed layers for contacts on epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) and studied the early stages of growth in the sub‐monolayer regime by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). All three metals do not wet the substrate and Ostwalt ripening occurs at temperatures below 400 K. The analysis of the epitaxial orientation of the metal adislands revealed their specific alignment to the graphene lattice. It is found that the apparent height of the islands as measured by STM strongly deviates from their true topographic height. This is interpreted as an indication of the presence of scattering processes within the metal particles that increase the transparency of the metal‐graphene interface for electrons. Even large islands are easily picked up by the tip of the STM allowing insight into the bonding between metal island and graphene surface and into mechanisms leading to metal intercalation.
Role of the Radiation‐Reaction Electric Field in the Optical Response of Two‐Dimensional Crystals
Authors: Merano Michele 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA classical theory of a radiating two‐dimensional crystal is proposed and an expression for the radiation‐reaction electric field is derived. This field plays an essential role in connecting the microscopic electromagnetic fields acting on each dipole of the crystal to the macroscopic one, via the boundary conditions for the system. The expression of the radiative‐reaction electric field coincides with the macroscopic electric field radiating from the crystal and, summed to the incident electric field, generates the total macroscopic electric field.
Localization and Speciation of Iron Impurities within a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst
Authors: Ihli Johannes , Ferreira Sanchez Dario , Jacob Rosh R. , Cuartero Vera , Mathon Olivier , Krumeich Frank , Borca Camelia , Huthwelker Thomas , Cheng Wu‐Cheng , Shu YuYing , Pascarelli Sakura , Grolimund Daniel , Menzel Andreas , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFluid catalytic cracking is a chemical conversion process of industrial scale. This process, utilizing porous catalysts composed of clay and zeolite, converts heavy crude‐oil fractions into transportation fuel and petrochemical feedstocks. Among other factors iron‐rich reactor and feedstream impurities cause these catalyst particles to permanently deactivate. Herein, we report tomographic X‐ray absorption spectroscopy measurements that reveal the presence of dissimilar iron impurities of specific localization within a single deactivated particle. Whereas the iron natural to clay in the composite seems to be unaffected by operation, exterior‐facing and feedstream‐introduced iron was found in two forms. Those being minute quantities of ferrous oxide, located near regions of increased porosity, and impurities rich in Fe3+, preferentially located in the outer dense part of the particle and suggested to contribute to the formation of an isolating amorphous silica alumina envelope.
A Biomimetic Escape Strategy for Cytoplasm Invasion by Synthetic Particles
Authors: Iturrioz‐Rodríguez. Nerea , González‐Domínguez Elena , González‐Lavado Eloisa , Marín‐Caba Laura , Vaz Belén , Pérez‐Lorenzo Moisés , Correa‐Duarte Miguel A. , Fanarraga Monica L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe translocation of nanomaterials or complex delivery systems into the cytosol is a major challenge in nanobiotechnology. After receptor‐mediated endocytosis, most nanomaterials are sequestered and undergo degradation, therapy inactivation, or exocytosis. Herein we explore a novel surface particle coating made of adsorbed carbon nanotubes that provides coated materials with new properties that reproduce the viral cell‐invasive mechanisms, namely, receptor‐mediated endocytosis, endolysosomal escape, and cytosolic particle release preserving cell viability. This novel biomimetic coating design will enable the intracytoplasmic delivery of many different functional materials endowed with therapeutic, magnetic, optical, or catalytic functionalities, thus opening the door to a wide array of chemical and physical processes within the cytosolic or nuclear domains, and supporting new developments in the biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries.
Metallfreie Bor‐haltige Heterogenkatalysatoren
Authors: Fang Yuanxing , Wang Xinchen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMetallfreie Katalysatoren haben spezifische Vorteile gegenüber Metall‐ und Metalloxidkatalysatoren, z. B. sind sie kostengünstiger, zuverlässiger und nachhaltiger. Unter den Nichtmetallverbindungen für die Katalyse wurden Bor‐haltige Verbindungen mit einigen einzigartigen Eigenschaften entwickelt. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden die aktuellen Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet Bor‐haltiger, metallfreier Katalysatoren vorgestellt, darunter binäre und ternäre Bor‐haltige Katalysatormaterialien. Außerdem werden die drei Hauptanwendungen in der Katalyse angesprochen, nämlich die Elektrokatalyse, Thermokatalyse und Photokatalyse. Hierbei wird die jeweilige Rolle von Bor für die spezifische Katalyseanwendung vertieft diskutiert. Bor‐haltige Verbindungen könnten das Gebiet der metallfreien Katalyse zukünftig wesentlich beeinflussen.
Enantioselective Direct Mannich‐Type Reactions Catalyzed by Frustrated Lewis Acid/Brønsted Base Complexes
Authors: Shang Ming , Cao Min , Wang Qifan , Wasa Masayuki 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn enantioselective direct Mannich‐type reaction catalyzed by a sterically frustrated Lewis acid/Brønsted base complex is disclosed. Cooperative functioning of the chiral Lewis acid and achiral Brønsted base components gives rise to in situ enolate generation from monocarbonyl compounds. Subsequent reaction with hydrogen‐bond‐activated aldimines delivers β‐aminocarbonyl compounds with high enantiomeric purity.
Combining Orthogonal Chain‐End Deprotections and Thiol–Maleimide Michael Coupling: Engineering Discrete Oligomers by an Iterative Growth Strategy
Authors: Huang Zhihao , Zhao Junfei , Wang Zimu , Meng Fanying , Ding Kunshan , Pan Xiangqiang , Zhou Nianchen , Li Xiaopeng , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOrthogonal maleimide and thiol deprotections were combined with thiol–maleimide coupling to synthesize discrete oligomers/macromolecules on a gram scale with molecular weights up to 27.4 kDa (128mer, 7.9 g) using an iterative exponential growth strategy with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 2n−1. Using the same chemistry, a “readable” sequence‐defined oligomer and a discrete cyclic topology were also created. Furthermore, uniform dendrons were fabricated using sequential growth (DP=2n−1) or double exponential dendrimer growth approaches (DP=2
−1) with significantly accelerated growth rates. A versatile, efficient, and metal‐free method for construction of discrete oligomers with tailored structures and a high growth rate would greatly facilitate research into the structure–property relationships of sophisticated polymeric materials.
Docking of Antibodies into the Cavities of DNA Origami Structures
Authors: Ouyang Xiangyuan , De Stefano Mattia , Krissanaprasit Abhichart , Bank Kodal Anne Louise , Bech Rosen Christian , Liu Tianqiang , Helmig Sarah , Fan Chunhai , Gothelf Kurt V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractImmobilized antibodies are extensively employed for medical diagnostics, such as in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Despite their widespread use, the ability to control the orientation of immobilized antibodies on surfaces is very limited. Herein, we report a method for the covalent and orientation‐selective immobilization of antibodies in designed cavities in 2D and 3D DNA origami structures. Two tris(NTA)‐modified strands are inserted into the cavity to form NTA–metal complexes with histidine clusters on the Fc domain. Subsequent covalent linkage to the antibody was achieved by coupling to lysine residues. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the efficient immobilization of the antibodies in the origami structures. This increased control over the orientation of antibodies in nanostructures and on surfaces has the potential to direct the interactions between antibodies and targets and to provide more regular surface assemblies of antibodies.
Formation of Stable Tin Perovskites Co‐crystallized with Three Halides for Carbon‐Based Mesoscopic Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐Min , Mohanta Nayantara , Wang Chi‐Yung , Lin Yu‐Pei , Yang Yaw‐Wen , Wang Chien‐Lung , Hung Chen‐Hsiung , Diau Eric Wei‐Guang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe synthesized and characterized methylammonium (MA) mixed tri‐halide tin perovskites (MASnIBr2−xClx) for carbon‐based mesoscopic solar cells free of lead and hole‐transporting layers. Varied SnCl2/SnBr2 ratios yielded tin perovskites with three halides (I, Br, and Cl) co‐crystallized inside the tin‐perovskite. When the SnCl2 proportion was ≥50 % (x≥1), phase separation occurred to give MASnI3−yBry and MASnCl3−zBrz in the stoichiometric proportions of their precursors, confirmed by XRD. A device with MASnIBr1.8Cl0.2 (SnCl2=10 %) showed the best photovoltaic performance: JSC=14.0 mA cm−2, VOC=380 mV, FF=0.573, and PCE=3.1 %, and long‐term stability. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) show superior charge recombination and dielectric relaxation properties for the MASnIBr1.8Cl0.2 cell. Transient PL decays showed the intrinsic problem of tin‐based perovskites with average lifetimes less than 100 ps.
Rotational Spectroscopy Probes Water Flipping by Full Fluorination of Benzene
Authors: Evangelisti Luca , Brendel Kai , Mäder Heinrich , Caminati Walther , Melandri Sonia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe topology of the interaction of water with benzene changes drastically upon full H→F substitution on the aromatic ring: the weak O−H⋅⋅⋅π hydrogen bond is replaced by a O⋅⋅⋅π linkage, of about the same strength. Hexafluorobenzene–water appears to be the prototype system to investigate this kind of weak bond. The pulsed Fourier transform microwave technique has been used for the detection of the rotational spectra of the normal species and five isotopologues which unambiguously led to the identification of the geometry. Quantum mechanical calculations have been performed to interpret the experimental evidence.
The light cycle controls the hatching rhythm in Bombyx mori via negative feedback loop of the circadian oscillator
Authors: Tao Hui , Li Xue , Qiu Jian‐Feng , Liu Heng‐Jiang , Zhang Da‐Yan , Chu Feng , Sima Yanghu , Xu Shi‐Qing 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHatching behavior is a key target in silkworm (Bombyx mori) rearing, especially for the control of Lepidoptera pests. According to previous research, hatching rhythms appear to be controlled by a clock mechanism that restricts or “gates” hatching to a particular time. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Under 12‐h light:12‐h dark photoperiod (LD) conditions, the transcriptional levels of the chitinase5 (Cht5) and hatching enzyme‐like (Hel) genes, as well as the enzymatic activities of their gene products, oscillated in time with ambient light cycles, as did the transcriptional levels of the cryptochrome 1, cryptochrome 2, period (per), and timeless genes, which are key components of the negative feedback loop of the circadian rhythm. These changes were related to the expression profile of the ecdysteroid receptor gene and the hatching behavior of B. mori eggs. However, under continuous light or dark conditions, the hatching behavior, the expression levels of Cht5 and Hel, as well as the enzymatic activities of their gene products, were not synchronized unlike under LD conditions. In addition, immunohistochemistry experiments showed that light promoted the translocation of PER from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In conclusion, LD cycles regulate the hatching rhythm of B. mori via negative feedback loop of the circadian oscillator.
Heat stress hardening of oriental armyworms is induced by a transient elevation of reactive oxygen species during sublethal stress
Authors: Matsumura Takashi , Matsumoto Hitoshi , Hayakawa Yoichi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPre‐exposure to mild heat stress enhances the thermotolerance of insects. Stress hardening is a beneficial physiological plasticity, but the mechanism underlying it remains elusive. Here we report that reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations were quickly and transiently elevated in the armyworms, Mythimna separata, by exposing them to 40°C, but not other tested temperatures. Larvae exposed to 40°C had subsequently elevated antioxidant activity and the highest survival of all tested heating conditions. The elevation of ROS after lethal heating at 44°C for 1 h was approximately twofold compared to heating at 40°C. Injection of an optimal amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) similarly caused sequential elevation of ROS and antioxidant activity in the test larval hemolymph, which led to significantly enhanced survival after lethal heat stress. The H2O2‐induced thermotolerance was abolished by coinjection of potent antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or N‐acetylcysteine. Both preheating at 40°C and H2O2 injection enhanced expression of genes encoding superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, and heat shock protein 70 in the fat body of test larvae, indicating the adequate heat stress induced a transient elevation of ROS, followed by upregulation of antioxidant activity. We infer that thermal stress hardening is induced by a small timely ROS elevation that triggers a reduction–oxidation signaling mechanism.
The Effect of Transparency on Framing Effects in Within‐Subject Designs
Authors: Aczel Balazs , Szollosi Aba , Bago Bence 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA long‐lasting assumption about the framing effect is that if the participants discover the purpose of the experiment in a within‐subject design, then this test transparency would trigger them to override their initial answer and make coherent choices. For this reason, researchers try to mask the connection between the two parts of the test by inserting filling questions or a time delay between the two parts of the test. In this research, we explored the extent to which these customarily used masking solutions are effective in increasing test sensitivity for the framing effect. In three experiments, we assessed the effect of masking on the tests of the attribute framing and the risky‐choice framing effects. Contradicting the general belief, our results indicate that these effects are already measurable without any masking or delay and we found no convincing evidence that the attempts to decrease task transparency provide worthwhile benefits for general tests of the effect. Beyond their practical relevance, the results question whether the test is a good measure of coherence rationality and better suit those accounts that suggest that the two parts of the framing tasks cannot be regarded as identical. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.