bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detail‐Preserving Explicit Mesh Projection and Topology Matching for Particle‐Based Fluids
Authors: Dagenais F. , Gagnon J. , Paquette E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe propose a new explicit surface tracking approach for particle‐based fluid simulations. Our goal is to advect and update a highly detailed surface, while only computing a coarse simulation. Current explicit surface methods lose surface details when projecting on the isosurface of an implicit function built from particles. Our approach uses a detail‐preserving projection, based on a signed distance field, to prevent the divergence of the explicit surface without losing its initial details. Furthermore, we introduce a novel topology matching stage that corrects the topology of the explicit surface based on the topology of an implicit function. To that end, we introduce an optimization approach to update our explicit mesh signed distance field before remeshing. Our approach is successfully used to preserve the surface details of melting and highly viscous objects, and shown to be stable by handling complex cases involving multiple topological changes. Compared to the computation of a high‐resolution simulation, using our approach with a coarse fluid simulation significantly reduces the computation time and improves the quality of the resulting surface.
Acquired elastotic hemangioma‐like changes and eccrine sweat duct squamous metaplasia in lichen simplex chronicus/prurigo nodularis‐like lesions of the knee and elbow
Authors: Kacerovska Denisa , Portelli Francesca , Michal Michal , Kazakov Dmitry V. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThe so‐called acquired elastotic hemangioma (AEH) represents a peculiar vascular lesion affecting the sun‐damaged skin of the extensor surface of the forearms or the lateral aspect of the neck of middle‐aged or elderly women.MethodsThis is a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of a series of 6 lesions located on the knee or elbow showing epithelial features of lichen simplex chronicus (LSC)/prurigo nodularis (PN) with a marked subepidermal vascular proliferation closely resembling AEH.ResultsMicroscopically, all cases of cutaneous lesions showed epithelial features of LSC/PN, that is compact hyperkeratosis with focal parakeratosis, irregular acanthosis, prominent hypergranulosis. Moreover, a marked subepidermal vascular proliferation arranged in a horizontal band closely resembling AEH was detected in these lesions. Another common histopathological finding was eccrine duct squamous metaplasia and/or hyperplasia.ConclusionsWhile AEH represents a distinctive clinicopathological variant of hemangioma characteristically appearing on sun‐exposed areas of middle‐aged or elderly patients, the herein described lesions seem to be non‐neoplastic epithelial, vascular and eccrine sweat duct reactive changes which are likely to be associated with chronic pressure or repeated mechanical stimulation with a marked predilection for the knee and elbow.
Important malignant and new nail tumors
Authors: Haneke Eckart 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe nail apparatus is an integral part of the functional unit of the digital tip. Although overall uncommon, all cells and tissues occurring in this area can give rise to neoplastic lesions. Given the special anatomical location, such tumors frequently show morphological and symptom‐related differences compared to similar lesions located elsewhere on the skin. Though particularly threatening, there is often a substantial delay in the diagnosis of Bowen's disease, ungual squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Nevertheless, local excision with sufficient surgical margins is usually sufficient and superior to amputation of the distal phalanx. In recent years, a number of nail‐specific tumors have been described. Tumors such as onychomatricoma, onychocytic matricoma, onychocytic carcinoma, and onychopapilloma originate from the nail matrix. Onycholemmal cysts, onycholemmal horn, and the proliferating onycholemmal tumor are characteristic nail bed tumors. Onycholemmal carcinoma is a slowly growing low‐grade malignancy.Using modern diagnostic methods, careful examination – including biopsy and histopathology – of nail changes not responding to conservative treatment will help identify nail‐specific neoplasms and prevent the progression of malignant nail tumors.
Wichtige maligne und neue Nageltumoren
Authors: Haneke Eckart 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Nagelapparat ist Teil der Funktionseinheit Finger‐ bzw. Zehenspitze. Alle von den hier vorkommenden Zellen und Geweben ausgehenden Tumoren können beobachtet werden, wenn sie auch insgesamt selten sind. Die besondere anatomische Lage führt dazu, dass sie morphologisch und symptomatologisch oft unterschiedlich sind im Vergleich zu denen der übrigen Haut. Morbus Bowen, unguales Plattenepithelkarzinom und Melanom sind besonders bedrohlich, werden jedoch meist erst nach Jahren diagnostiziert. Trotzdem ist die Exzision mit Sicherheitsabstand im Allgemeinen ausreichend und einer Amputation des Endgliedes überlegen. In den letzten Jahren wurden eine Reihe nagelspezifischer Tumoren beobachtet. Onychomatrikom, onychozytisches Matrikom, onychozytisches Karzinom und Onychopapillom gehen von der Matrix aus. Onycholemmale Zysten, onycholemmales Horn und proliferierender onycholemmaler Tumor sind typische Nagelbetttumoren. Das onycholemmale Karzinom ist ein langsam wachsendes Karzinom niedrigen Malignitätsgrades.Die sorgfältige Beobachtung einschließlich Biopsie und Histologie unter Nutzung der modernen diagnostischen Methoden von Nagelveränderungen, die auf konservative Therapie nicht ansprechen, hilft, nagelspezifische Tumoren zu diagnostizieren und die Progression maligner Nageltumoren zu vermeiden.
Cross‐sensory modulation of alpha oscillatory activity: suppression, idling, and default resource allocation
Authors: van Diepen Rosanne Maria , Mazaheri Ali 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlpha oscillations (~10 Hz) have been suggested to have an inhibitory influence on stimulus processing within the context of attention being coordinated across space, with an increase in the power of alpha activity occurring in spatially irrelevant regions. However, with respect to cross‐sensory attention (distribution of attention to different sensory modalities) an increase in alpha activity from baseline has not yet been definitively linked to active inhibition of distraction. In the current study, we examined the role of top‐down alpha modulation in facilitating and suppressing stimulus processing between the visual and auditory domain. We utilized two cross‐sensory paradigms, one containing distractors while the other paradigm only contained targets, in order to separate distractor related activity. We found a cue induced increase from baseline for the power of occipital alpha activity in posterior cortex when participants anticipated the occurrence of auditory targets combined with visual distractors. Interestingly, there was no increase in alpha power observed in the condition where auditory targets occurred without distractors. These findings suggest that the increase in alpha activity from baseline reflects top‐down drive processes serving to inhibit distracting input. However, we found that there was no significant difference in the absolute occipital alpha power between when participants were expecting a visual distractor, and the session where no visual distractors were present. We account for these findings by suggesting that an increase in alpha power in the anticipation of visual distractors, rather than being exclusively inhibitory, could also signal the re‐allocation of resources in the sensory systems.
The effect of pH modification on wetting kinetics of a naturally water‐repellent coniferous forest soil
Authors: Amer A. , Schaumann G. E. , Diehl D. 
Published: April 2017

The interfacial dynamics of soil–water interactions are greatly affected by the hydrophobic properties of organic matter. The causes and underlying mechanisms responsible for the development of soil water repellency (SWR) are still under discussion. Various environmental factors control the appearance and degree of SWR. In addition to water content and temperature, the wetting of soil depends greatly on the physicochemical characteristics of soil surfaces, which in turn depend on pH. In this contribution, we propose a reaction mechanism for the change in SWR that is observed when soil pH is changed. Wetting kinetics were studied by time‐dependent sessile drop measurements (TISED) of the contact angle, the work of spreading and the diameter of the base of the drop as time elapsed under controlled relative humidity. Modification of pH strongly affected the wetting kinetics, suggesting maximum resistance to wetting at the control pH (3.6), with decreased resistance to wetting as pH was changed in either direction. The enhancement in wetting kinetics by the modification of soil pH can be attributed to the chemical modification in organic materials that coat the soil particles. This conclusion is based on the magnitude of activation energy associated with the spreading process. The combined effect of pH and temperature on the wetting kinetics, together with the compensation effect seen between the logarithmic pre‐exponential factor and activation energy, suggests acid–base catalysed hydrolysis–condensation reactions are the dominant processes responsible for the chemical nature of SWR.HighlightsHow does the modification of pH affect soil wetting mechanisms?
The dynamic sessile drop method was used to measure the wetting activation energy.
Modification of soil pH decreases resistance to wetting and increases activation energy of wetting.
Acid or base catalysed hydrolysis reactions increase chemical sorption sites for water molecules in soil.
Network evolution in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy revealed by diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Wang Helen , Huang Yuegao , Coman Daniel , Munbodh Reshma , Dhaher Roni , Zaveri Hitten P. , Hyder Fahmeed , Eid Tore 
Published: April 2017

SummaryObjectiveThe objective of the present study is to identify novel, time‐indexed imaging biomarkers of epileptogenesis in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).MethodsWe used high‐resolution brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the translationally relevant methionine sulfoximine (MSO) brain infusion model of MTLE. MSO inhibits astroglial glutamine synthetase, which is deficient in the epileptogenic hippocampal formation of patients with MTLE. MSO‐infused (epileptogenic) rats were compared with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS)–infused (nonepileptogenic) rats at early (3–4 days) and late (6–9 weeks) time points during epileptogenesis.ResultsThe epileptogenic rats exhibited significant changes in DTI‐measured fractional anisotropy (FA) in numerous brain regions versus nonepileptogenic rats. Changes included decreases and increases in FA in regions such as the entorhinal‐hippocampal area, amygdala, corpus callosum, thalamus, striatum, accumbens, and neocortex. The FA changes evolved over time as animals transitioned from early to late epileptogenesis. For example, some areas with significant decreases in FA early in epileptogenesis changed to significant increases late in epileptogenesis. Finally, the FA changes significantly correlated with the seizure load.SignificanceOur results suggest (1) that high‐resolution DTI can be used for early identification and tracking of the epileptogenic process in MTLE, and (2) that the process identified by DTI is present in multiple brain areas, even though infusion of MSO is restricted to the unilateral entorhinal‐hippocampal region.
A large‐strain intrinsic default‐based fracture criterion for polymers: assessment in biaxial loading and application to ageing
Authors: Sadeg L. , Naït‐Abdelaziz M. , Zaïri F. , Ben Hassine M. , Ismail J. , Qu Z. , Aberkane M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this contribution, we attempt to give a general methodology allowing the fracture prediction of polymers under biaxial monotonic loading. Using the intrinsic defect concept, we assume that fracture at a macroscopic level is the consequence of the presence of defects at lower scales. We also assume that the fracture is governed by a macroscopic parameter, the strain energy release rate or the J‐integral. Intrinsic defect size, constitutive response and fracture toughness being the criterion inputs; the principal stretches at break can be therefore estimated for any biaxial and monotonic loading path. The proposed methodology includes the estimation of the J‐integral for any biaxial loading using a unified expression of this parameter which is a generalised form of that developed in the literature for uniaxial tension. Using different set of experimental data obtained in our team, the methodology is then successfully applied to various kinds of polymers: a natural rubber, a styrene‐butadiene rubber, a polyurethane, a thermoplastic elastomer and a high‐density polyethylene. We show also that such a methodology can be applied to predict the ageing effects on the stretches at break.
Habitat connectivity and dispersal ability drive the assembly mechanisms of macroinvertebrate communities in river networks
Authors: Sarremejane Romain , Mykrä Heikki , Bonada Núria , Aroviita Jukka , Muotka Timo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Metacommunity studies commonly use spatial distances or, more recently, landscape resistance measures between study sites as a surrogate for connectivity. However, local communities are connected to many other sources of colonisation than the sites included in a study, and the availability and distance to potential colonisation sources may be better surrogates for dispersal than distances to other sampling sites.

Here we test the effect of habitat connectivity on the assembly of stream‐riffle macroinvertebrates with different dispersal abilities, after controlling for habitat heterogeneity and among‐site distances (62 km on average). We used a null model approach to compare observed community dissimilarity to random expectation. Significant deviations from randomness were expected due to the hierarchical structure of river networks with their increasing flux of organisms from headwaters to mainstem reaches.

We found a gradual shift in dispersal‐based processes driving assembly mechanisms, from dispersal limitation in the isolated headwater streams to randomness in connected headwater and isolated mid‐order streams, and to mass effects in the most connected mid‐order streams.

Weak flyers were constrained by dispersal limitation in the most isolated sites, whereas strong flyers were not restricted by the river network structure and were mainly assembled through mass effects.

The approach taken was sufficient to unravel the importance of dispersal and habitat connectivity on community assembly and may therefore be particularly well suited to other large data sets with isolated sites (i.e. low geographical density of sites).
Means-Tested Long-Term Care and Family Transfers
Authors: Cremer Helmuth , Pestieau Pierre 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
One of the pervasive problems with means-tested public long-term care programs is their inability to prevent individuals who could afford private long-term services from taking advantage of public care. They often manage to elude the means-test net through ‘strategic impoverishment’. We show in a simple model how this problem comes about, how it affects welfare and how it can be mitigated.
Physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity of an experimental resin‐based pulp capping material containing the quaternary ammonium salt and Portland cement
Authors: Yang Y. W. , Yu F. , Zhang H. C. , Dong Y. , Qiu Y. N. , Jiao Y. , Xing X. D. , Tian M. , Huang L. , Chen J. H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate in vitro the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and calcium phosphate nucleation of an experimental light‐curable pulp capping material composed of a resin with antibacterial monomer (MAE‐DB) and Portland cement (PC).MethodologyThe experimental material was prepared by mixing PC with a resin containing MAE‐DB at a 2 : 1 ratio. Cured pure resin containing MAE‐DB served as control resin. ProRoot MTA and Dycal served as commercial controls. The depth of cure, degree of monomer conversion, water absorption and solubility of dry samples, calcium release, alkalinizing activity, calcium phosphate nucleation and the cytotoxicity of materials were evaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out using anova followed by Tukey's HSD test (equal variance assumed) or Tamhane test (equal variance not assumed) and independent‐samples t‐tests.ResultsThe experimental material had a cure depth of 1.19 mm, and the mean degree of monomer conversion was 70.93% immediately post‐cure and 88.75% at 24 h post‐cure. The water absorption of the experimental material was between those of MTA and Dycal, and its solubility was significantly less (P < 0.05) than that of Dycal and higher than that of MTA. The experimental material exhibited continuous calcium release and an alkalinizing power between those of MTA and Dycal throughout the test period. Freshly set experimental material, control resin and all 24‐h set materials had acceptable cytotoxicity. The experimental material, MTA and Dycal all exhibited the formation of apatite precipitates after immersion in phosphate‐buffered saline.ConclusionsThe experimental material possessed adequate physicochemical properties, low cytotoxicity and good calcium phosphate nucleation.
Aging‐related Atg5 defect impairs neutrophil extracellular traps formation
Authors: Xu Fengying , Zhang Chengmi , Zou Zui , Fan Erica K. Y. , Chen Linsong , Li Yuehua , Billiar Timothy R. , Wilson Mark A. , Shi Xueyin , Fan Jie 
Published: April 2017

SummaryFormation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is an important function of the innate immune system against infections. It has been proven that aging dysregulates immunity and impairs neutrophil function. However, the influence of aging on the ability to produce NETs has yet to be fully addressed. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a lower level of autophagy in neutrophils from aged mice was responsible for the decrease in NET formation. We demonstrated that a broad range of Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligands could efficiently induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) ‐dependent NET release in young mice, but not in aged ones. We further explored that the difference between young and aged mice in TLR2 ligand‐induced NETosis is the result of an Atg5 defect and subsequent impaired autophagy. Furthermore, we found that lower autophagy capacity led to not only reduced NET formation, but also increased apoptosis. Our results suggest an important role of Atg5 and autophagy in maintaining the function of NETs formation in response to infection and in regulating neutrophil death. Targeting autophagy‐promoted NETs may present a therapeutic strategy to improve infection defence in an aged population.
Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Gap‐Overlap Task in 10‐Month‐Old Infants
Authors: Cousijn Janna , Hessels Roy S. , Van der Stigchel Stefan , Kemner Chantal 
Published: April 2017

Understanding the development of attention is key to understanding cognitive maturation. The gap‐overlap task can be administered at all ages and is widely used to study the development of overt visual attention. However, studies using the gap‐overlap task report different measures and little is known about the tasks’ psychometric properties, especially in infants. We tested the 1‐week test–retest reliability of two frequently used gap‐overlap measures of attentional disengagement in 10‐month‐old infants; the gap effect as measured by the difference between the gap and overlap condition and the gap effect as measured by the difference between the gap and baseline condition. Sixty‐seven infants performed the gap‐overlap task twice, of which 45 infants had sufficient data quality for further analyses. Test–retest reliability of the overlap‐gap gap effect was higher (r = .50) than the baseline‐gap gap effect (r = .29). Moreover, the shared variance between overlap and baseline saccadic reaction times was moderate to high across sessions. In light of these results and the methodological challenges and limitations of infant research, we consider the overlap‐gap gap effect to be a good measure to study the development of attentional disengagement in infants and suggest the exclusion of the baseline condition in future studies.
Patterns and correlates of benzodiazepine use in nurses: A nationwide, population‐based study
Authors: Sang Elaine , Liao Yuan‐Mei , Miao Nae‐Fang , Chou Kuei‐Ru , Chung Min‐Huey 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the present study, we examined patterns of benzodiazepine (BZD) use in nurses, and compared the characteristics of frequent users with those of infrequent users. Data on all nurses enrolled in the study were derived from the reimbursement claim records in Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database for the period 2004–2008. The case group comprised 33 588 nurses with BZD use, and the control group was exactly matched to each case according to age and sex. The patterns of occasional, frequent, and daily BZD use demonstrated an increasing trend from 2004 to 2008. This trend was observed for most of the BZD with a short or intermediate half‐life. Older nurses (>45 years) and those with greater experience (≥5 years) were more likely to use BZD frequently. Moreover, the risk of frequent BZD use increased significantly when nurses exhibited comorbid depression (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.58), anxiety (aOR: 1.78), or sleep disorders (aOR: 2.29) compared with infrequent BZD use. The results indicated that nurses with BZD use had comorbidities of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. The increasing trend of patterns of BZD use and its association with sleep disorders, depression, and anxiety can be used as references for stress and sleep management in nurses.
A Ticklish Problem
Authors: Tirlea Marius A. , Tavakoli Shahin , Pigoli Davide , Aston John A. D. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The book Mr. Tickle is a childhood favourite for many. But this fantastical story of a man with “extraordinary long arms” is helping statisticians derive a more realistic understanding of the differences in regional accents. By Marius A. Tirlea, Shahin Tavakoli, Davide Pigoli and John A. D. Aston
Effect of magnesium aluminum silicate glass on the thermal shock resistance of BN matrix composite ceramics
Authors: Cai Delong , Jia Dechang , Yang Zhihua , Zhu Qishuai , Ocelik Vaclav , Vainchtein Ilia D. , De Hosson Jeff Th.M. , Zhou Yu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe effects of magnesium aluminum silicate (MAS) glass on the thermal shock resistance and the oxidation behavior of h‐BN matrix composites were systematically investigated at temperature differences from 600°C up to 1400°C. The retained strength rate of the composites rose with the increasing content of MAS showing a maximum value at the 60 wt% MAS. Compared with the original strength, the retained strength of the specimen after thermal shock increased to 77% (ΔT=1000°C). The strengthening effect of MAS and the surface microstructural evolution of composites are responsible for the improved thermal shock resistance. Surface oxidation of the composites during the thermal shock process plays a positive role in enhancing the retained strength by self‐healing cracks and the appearance of the compressive stress. The oxide layer also acted as a thermal barrier to decelerate the actual thermal stress. Furthermore, this dense layer also improved the oxidation resistance of h‐BN matrix composites by prevent diffusion of oxygen. These results indicated that short‐term surface oxidation during thermal shock process is favorable to the enhancement of the thermal shock resistance of BN‐MAS composite ceramics.