bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentinel node biopsy for prostate cancer: report from a consensus panel meeting
Authors: van der Poel Henk G. , Wit Esther M. , Acar Cenk , van den Berg Nynke S. , van Leeuwen Fijs W. B. , Valdes Olmos Renato A. , Winter Alexander , Wawroschek Friedhelm , Liedberg Fredrik , Maclennan Steven , Lam Thomas ,   the Sentinel Node Prostate Cancer Consensus Panel Group members
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo explore the evidence and knowledge gaps in sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in prostate cancer through a consensus panel of experts.MethodsA two‐round Delphi survey among experts was followed by a consensus panel meeting of 16 experts in February 2016. Agreement voting was performed using the research and development project/University of California, Los Angeles Appropriateness Methodology on 150 statements in nine domains. The disagreement index based on the interpercentile range, adjusted for symmetry score, was used to assess consensus and non‐consensus among panel members.ResultsConsensus was obtained on 91 of 150 statements (61%). The main outcomes were: (1) the results from an extended lymph node dissection (eLND) are still considered the ‘gold standard’, and sentinel node (SN) detection should be combined with eLND, at least in patients with intermediate‐ and high‐risk prostate cancer; (2) the role of SN detection in low‐risk prostate cancer is unclear; and (3) future studies should contain oncological endpoints as number of positive nodes outside the eLND template, false‐negative and false‐positive SN procedures, and recurrence‐free survival. A high rate of consensus was obtained regarding outcome measures of future clinical trials on SNB (89%). Consensus on tracer technology was only obtained in 47% of statements, reflecting a need for further research and standardization in this area. The low‐level evidence in the available literature and the composition of mainly SNB users in the panel constitute the major limitations of the study.ConclusionsConsensus on a majority of elementary statements on SN detection in prostate cancer was obtained.; therefore, the results from this consensus report will provide a basis for the design of further studies in the field. A group of experts identified evidence and knowledge gaps on SN detection in prostate cancer and its application in daily practice. Information from the consensus statements can be used to direct further studies.
Orthosteric and allosteric potentiation of heteromeric neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Lindstrom Jon 
Published: February 2017

Heteromeric nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) were thought to have two orthodox agonist‐binding sites at two α/β subunit interfaces. Highly selective ligands are hard to develop by targeting orthodox agonist sites because of high sequence similarity of this binding pocket among different subunits. Recently, unorthodox ACh‐binding sites have been discovered at some α/α and β/α subunit interfaces, such as α4/α4, α5/α4 and β3/α4. Targeting unorthodox sites may yield subtype‐selective ligands, such as those for (α4β2)2α5, (α4β2)2β3 and (α6β2)2β3 nAChRs. The unorthodox sites have unique pharmacology. Agonist binding at one unorthodox site is not sufficient to activate nAChRs, but it increases activation from the orthodox sites. NS9283, a selective agonist for the unorthodox α4/α4 site, was initially thought to be a positive allosteric modulator (PAM). NS9283 activates nAChRs with three engineered α4/α4 sites. PAMs, on the other hand, act at allosteric sites where ACh cannot bind. Known PAM sites include the ACh‐homologous non‐canonical site (e.g. morantel at β/α), the C‐terminus (e.g. Br‐PBTC and 17β‐estradiol), a transmembrane domain (e.g. LY2087101) or extracellular and transmembrane domain interfaces (e.g. NS206). Some of these PAMs, such as Br‐PBTC and 17β‐estradiol, require only one subunit to potentiate activation of nAChRs. In this review, we will discuss differences between activation from orthosteric and allosteric sites, their selective ligands and clinical implications. These studies have advanced understanding of the structure, assembly and pharmacology of heteromeric neuronal nAChRs.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.11/issuetoc
Sox2‐dependent inhibition of p21 is associated with poor prognosis of endometrial cancer
Authors: Yamawaki Kaoru , Ishiguro Tatsuya , Mori Yutaro , Yoshihara Kosuke , Suda Kazuaki , Tamura Ryo , Yamaguchi Masayuki , Sekine Masayuki , Kashima Katsunori , Higuchi Masaya , Fujii Masahiro , Okamoto Koji , Enomoto Takayuki 
Published: February 2017

Sex‐determining region Y‐box 2 (SOX2) is an essential factor involved in the self‐renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells and has functions in cell survival and progression in many types of cancers. Here, we found that several endometrial cancer cell lines expressed SOX2, which was required for cell growth. Additionally, SOX2 overexpression regulated the expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), and SOX2 specifically bound to p21 promoter DNA in endometrial cancer cell lines expressing SOX2. Expressions of SOX2 in endometrial cancer patients were significantly correlated with histological grade and poor prognosis. Moreover, low p21 together with high SOX2 expressions in advanced endometrial cancer patients were associated with the most unfavorable outcomes of patients. These results indicated that simultaneous measurement of SOX2 and p21 expression in endometrial cancer patients may be a useful biomarker for patient prognosis.
Serum carotenoid and tocopherol concentrations and risk of asthma in childhood: a nested case–control study
Authors: Hämäläinen N. , Nwaru B. I. , Erlund I. , Takkinen H.‐M. , Ahonen S. , Toppari J. , Ilonen J. , Veijola R. , Knip M. , Kaila M. , Virtanen S. M. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe antioxidant hypothesis regarding the risk of asthma in childhood has resulted in inconsistent findings. Some data indicate that the role of antioxidants in childhood asthma risk may have a critical time window of effect, but only a well‐designed longitudinal cohort study can clarify this hypothesis.ObjectiveTo study the longitudinal associations between serum carotenoid and tocopherol concentrations during the first 4 years of life and asthma risk by the age of 5 years.MethodsBased on a case–control design nested within a Finnish birth cohort, 146 asthma cases were matched to 270 controls on birth time, sex, genetic risk, and birth place. Non‐fasting blood samples were collected at the ages of 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 years and serum carotenoids and tocopherols were analysed. Parents reported the presence and age at start of persistent doctor‐diagnosed asthma in the child at the age of 5 years. Data analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equations.ResultsWe did not find strong associations between serum carotenoids and tocopherols and the risk of asthma based on age‐specific and longitudinal analyses. Both lower and higher quarters of α‐carotene and γ‐tocopherol increased the risk of asthma.ConclusionsThe current findings do not support the suggestion that the increased prevalence of asthma may be a consequence of decreased intake of antioxidant nutrients. Moreover, we did not confirm any critical time window of impact of antioxidants on asthma risk. Replication of these findings in similar longitudinal settings will strengthen this evidence base.
The farming environment protects mice from allergen‐induced skin contact hypersensitivity
Authors: Frossard C. P. , Lazarevic V. , Gaïa N. , Leo S. , Doras C. , Habre W. , Schrenzel J. , Burger D. , Eigenmann P. A. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundBeing born and raised in a farm provides a long‐lasting protection for allergies. The microbial environment provided by farm animals is crucial to induce this protective effect, although underlying immune mechanisms remain elusive.ObjectiveTo establish a mouse model of global exposure to the farming environment and to study immunologic changes linked to protection of allergy.MethodsMice colonies were bred in parallel in a farm cowshed and the university animal facility (AF). Mice from both locations were subjected to a skin contact allergy model. Peripheral blood cells and cell cytokine production were assessed in both populations. In addition, the gut microbiome at various ages was characterized.ResultsMice born in the farm were less prone to develop allergy than mice bred in the AF. Mice transfers between the AF and the farm showed a better protection when mice were moved to the farm early in life. As compared to AF‐bred mice, farm mice displayed early immune activation with higher CD4+ T cell population, in particular CD4+CD25+FoxP3− (activated cells). The cytokine profile of mice from the farm was skewed towards an IL‐17 and IL‐22 secreting cell profile accompanied by increased IL‐10 secretion. These differences were mostly seen within a specific age window between birth and 8 weeks of age. Microbiome analysis showed differences between 4 and 20 weeks old mice and between farm and AF mice with an increased number of Murine mastadenovirus B in young farm mice exclusively.ConclusionThe farming environment provides a strong, allergy protective IL‐22 stimulus and generates activated CD4+ T cells. Exposure to the farm environment early in their life may also provide a better protection for contact skin allergy. Whether a viral trigger might decisively influence protection for allergies remains to be determined.
Obesity in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the Minnesota cohort: importance of adjusting body mass index for height‐age
Authors: Sarafoglou Kyriakie , Forlenza Gregory P. , Yaw Addo O. , Kyllo Jennifer , Lteif Aida , Hindmarsh P.C. , Petryk Anna , Gonzalez‐Bolanos Maria Teresa , Miller Bradley S. , Thomas William 
Published: February 2017

SummaryObjectivesTo evaluate obesity and overweight in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and associations with glucocorticoids, fludrocortisone and disease control. Adjusting body mass index‐for‐height‐age (BMIHA) percentile is proposed to correct misclassification of obese/overweight status in CAH children with advanced bone age and tall‐for‐age stature.DesignLongitudinal.PatientsOne hundred and ninety‐four children with CAH seen from 1970 to 2013: 124 salt wasting (SW); 70 simple virilizing (SV); 102 females.MeasurementsBody mass index (BMI) end‐points were overweight (85–94 percentile) and obese (≥95 percentile).ResultsApproximately 50% of the children had at least one BMI measurement ≥95 percentile and about 70% had at least one ≥85 percentile. Using BMIHA percentiles, obesity incidence decreased slightly in SW children (47–43%) and markedly in SV children (50–33%); however, overweight status was not reduced. Only 6% of SW and 1% of SV children were persistently obese (≥3 clinic visits) when BMIHA was applied, whereas overweight status persisted in 35% of SW and 33% of SV children. Most obesity or overweight when using BMIHA occurred before age 10 and there was no association with hydrocortisone (HC) or fludrocortisone dosing. Adiposity rebound for SW children occurred by 3·3 years and in SV females by age 3·8 years, over a year earlier than the adiposity rebound for healthy children.ConclusionChildren with CAH are at higher risk for early onset obesity and overweight with or without using BMIHA but rates of persistent obesity were lower than previously reported. Careful HC dosing during early childhood is needed to prevent increased weight gain and an early adiposity rebound.
Category‐Specific Salient View Selection via Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Kim Seong‐heum , Tai Yu‐Wing , Lee Joon‐Young , Park Jaesik , Kweon In So 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new framework to determine up front orientations and detect salient views of 3D models. The salient viewpoint to human preferences is the most informative projection with correct upright orientation. Our method utilizes two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures to encode category‐specific information learnt from a large number of 3D shapes and 2D images on the web. Using the first CNN model with 3D voxel data, we generate a CNN shape feature to decide natural upright orientation of 3D objects. Once a 3D model is upright‐aligned, the front projection and salient views are scored by category recognition using the second CNN model. The second CNN is trained over popular photo collections from internet users. In order to model comfortable viewing angles of 3D models, a category‐dependent prior is also learnt from the users. Our approach effectively combines category‐specific scores and classical evaluations to produce a data‐driven viewpoint saliency map. The best viewpoints from the method are quantitatively and qualitatively validated with more than 100 objects from 20 categories. Our thumbnail images of 3D models are the most favoured among those from different approaches.
Review article including treatment algorithm: endoscopic treatment of luminal complications after bariatric surgery
Authors: Valli P. V. , Gubler C. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe worldwide number of performed bariatric surgeries is increasing continuously, whereas laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy are conducted most frequently. Alongside with the usual post‐operative and metabolic complications, luminal complications such as anastomotic bleeding, ulceration, leakage, fistula formation, enlargement and stenosis of the anastomosis may occur. Evolution of interventional endoscopy frequently allows endoscopic management of complications, avoiding surgical interventions in most cases. Here, we review the various luminal complications after bariatric surgery with a focus on their endoscopic management.
Interpreting beta‐diversity components over time to conserve metacommunities in highly dynamic ecosystems
Authors: Ruhí Albert , Datry Thibault , Sabo John L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe concept of metacommunity (i.e., a set of local communities linked by dispersal) has gained great popularity among community ecologists. However, metacommunity research mostly addresses questions on spatial patterns of biodiversity at the regional scale, whereas conservation planning requires quantifying temporal variation in those metacommunities and the contributions that individual (local) sites make to regional dynamics. We propose that recent advances in diversity‐partitioning methods may allow for a better understanding of metacommunity dynamics and the identification of keystone sites. We used time series of the 2 components of beta diversity (richness and replacement) and the contributions of local sites to these components to examine which sites controlled source‐sink dynamics in a highly dynamic model system (an intermittent river). The relative importance of the richness and replacement components of beta diversity fluctuated over time, and sample aggregation led to underestimation of beta diversity by up to 35%. Our literature review revealed that research on intermittent rivers would benefit greatly from examination of beta‐diversity components over time. Adequately appraising spatiotemporal variability in community composition and identifying sites that are pivotal for maintaining biodiversity at the landscape scale are key needs for conservation prioritization and planning. Thus, our framework may be used to guide conservation actions in highly dynamic ecosystems when time‐series data describing biodiversity across sites connected by dispersal are available.
Effect of transversus abdominis plane block in combination with general anesthesia on perioperative opioid consumption, hemodynamics, and recovery in living liver donors: The prospective, double‐blinded, randomized study
Authors: Erdogan Mehmet A. , Ozgul Ulku , Uçar Muharrem , Yalin Mehmet R. , Colak Yusuf Z. , Çolak Cemil , Toprak Huseyin I. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundTransversus abdominis plane (TAP) block provides effective postoperative analgesia after abdominal surgeries. It can be also a useful strategy to reduce perioperative opioid consumption, support intraoperative hemodynamic stability, and promote early recovery from anesthesia. The aim of this prospective randomized double‐blind study was to assess the effect of subcostal TAP blocks on perioperative opioid consumption, hemodynamic, and recovery time in living liver donors.MethodsThe prospective, double‐blinded, randomized controlled study was conducted with 49 living liver donors, aged 18‐65 years, who were scheduled to undergo right hepatectomy. Patients who received subcostal TAP block in combination with general anesthesia were allocated into Group 1, and patients who received general anesthesia alone were allocated into Group 2. The TAP blocks were performed bilaterally by obtaining an image with real‐time ultrasound guidance using 0.5% bupivacaine diluted with saline to reach a total volume of 40 mL. The primary outcome measure in our study was perioperative remifentanil consumption. Secondary outcomes were mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate (HR), mean desflurane requirement, anesthesia recovery time, frequency of emergency vasopressor use, total morphine use, and length of hospital stay.ResultsTotal remifentanil consumption and the anesthesia recovery time were significantly lower in Group 1 compared with Group 2. Postoperative total morphine use and length of hospital stay were also reduced. Changes in the MAP and HR were similar in the both groups. There were no significant differences in HR and MBP between groups at any time.ConclusionsCombining subcostal TAP blocks with general anesthesia significantly reduced perioperative and postoperative opioid consumption, provided shorter anesthesia recovery time, and length of hospital stay in living liver donors.
Edaravone attenuates intracerebroventricular streptozotocin‐induced cognitive impairment in rats
Authors: Reeta K. H. , Singh Devendra , Gupta Yogendra K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is a major cause of dementia worldwide. Edaravone, a potent free radical scavenger, is reported to be neuroprotective. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic edaravone administration on intracerebroventricular‐streptozotocin (ICV‐STZ) induced cognitive impairment in male Wistar rats. Cognitive impairment was developed by single ICV‐STZ (3 mg/kg) injection bilaterally on day 1. Edaravone (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, orally, once daily) was administered for 28 days. Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to assess cognitive functions at baseline and on days 14 and 28. ICV‐STZ caused cognitive impairment as evidenced by increased escape latency and decreased time spent in target quadrant in the Morris water maze test and reduced retention latency in the passive avoidance test. STZ caused increase in oxidative stress, cholinesterases, inflammatory cytokines and protein expression of ROCK‐II and decrease in protein expression of ChAT. Edaravone ameliorated the STZ‐induced cognitive impairment. STZ‐induced increase in oxidative stress and increased levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β) were mitigated by edaravone. Edaravone also prevented STZ‐induced increased protein expression of ROCK‐II. Moreover, edaravone significantly prevented STZ‐induced increased activity of cholinesterases in the cortex and hippocampus. The decreased expression of ChAT caused by STZ was brought towards normal by edaravone in the hippocampus. The results thus show that edaravone is protective against STZ‐induced cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction and altered protein expressions. This study thus suggests the potential of edaravone as an adjuvant in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Water flow in soil at small water contents: a simple approach to estimate the relative hydraulic conductivity in sandy soil
Authors: Kebre M. B. , Cherblanc F. , Ouedraogo F. , Jamin F. , Naon B. , Zougmore F. , Benet J.‐C. 
Published: February 2017

Unsaturated soil hydraulic properties are key properties in the fields of soil science and civil engineering. Because of their strong dependence on water content, there are considerable experimental and numerical difficulties in their determination, specifically in the dry range. This situation is encountered regularly in arid and semi‐arid regions. The models commonly used for predicting the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function rely on pore bundle concepts that account for capillary flow only and neglect film flow. Furthermore, the assumption of a local equilibrium between liquid water and its vapour is no longer valid at small water contents. Thus, with classical approaches, the experimental identification of hydraulic characteristics can fail at small water contents. To emphasize the weakness of capillary models, soil column experiments have been carried out with two sandy soils from Burkina Faso. Special care was taken to prevent any transport processes that are not directly related to liquid transport. Data from profiles of water content were used in an inverse numerical procedure to identify the coefficients of a new relative hydraulic conductivity function. Our results show that this simple approach is suitable for the analysis of flow processes at small water contents. It provides a simple, robust and inexpensive method to identify the properties of the unsaturated conductivity function that account for capillary and film flows.HighlightsA new kind of soil column experiment is proposed to focus on the dry range.
A new relative hydraulic conductivity function accounting for film flow is introduced.
The weaknesses of classical relative hydraulic conductivity functions are emphasized.
It provides a simple, cheap and robust method to identify the relative hydraulic conductivity.
5‐hydroxytryptamine1A receptor density in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with disease duration
Authors: Fonseca N. C. , Joaquim H. P. G. , Talib L. L. , Vincentiis S. , Gattaz W. F. , Valente K. D. 
Published: February 2017

Background and purposeTo date, no study has evaluated the association between serotonin receptor density and clinical variables in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy caused by hippocampal sclerosis (TLE‐HS) using hippocampal tissue. We evaluated 5‐hydroxytryptamine1A receptor (5‐HT1AR) density in hippocampal tissue from patients with TLE‐HS.MethodsWe analyzed the hippocampal tissue of 34 patients with pharmacoresistant unilateral TLE‐HS. 5‐HT1AR density was measured using semiquantitative western blotting.ResultsThere was an association between higher density of 5‐HT1AR and longer duration of epilepsy (Spearman correlation: P = 0.040; generalized linear model: P = 0.026).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that hippocampal 5‐HT1AR density is associated with epilepsy duration in patients with TLE‐HS. The authors postulate that this may represent a potential regulatory enhancement of endogenous serotonergic neurotransmission in response to prolonged and enduring epileptiform activity in the hippocampal tissue of patients with pharmacoresistant TLE‐HS.