bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plankton indices explain interannual variability in Prince William Sound herring first year growth
Authors: Batten S. D. , Moffitt S. , Pegau W. S. , Campbell R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study examines the relationships between first year growth of juvenile Prince William Sound herring, temperature and their food. We present time series of herring first year growth, determined from scale measurements as a proxy for herring length, water temperature and indices of multiple trophic levels of plankton obtained from Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) sampling on the adjacent Gulf of Alaska shelf. We show that there was a significant correlation between herring growth and water temperature, when the three warmest years were excluded (the mean July and August temperatures were greater than 12.5°C in 1989, 2004 and 2005). There were also strong, significant relationships between the abundance of appropriately sized (for first‐feeding herring) planktonic prey groups and herring growth. First year herring growth was greater in years with higher abundances of diatoms, microzooplankton and small mesozooplankton but not related to variability in abundance of larger mesozooplankton (such as euphausiids and large copepods). Furthermore, the strong interannual relationship between diatoms and herring growth held true even in the warmest years where the relationship between temperature and growth broke down. We also found seasonal timing and abundance changes in the plankton in warm years that would make the prey more abundant during the summer months immediately after metamorphosis of the herring larvae. We thus conclude that young‐of‐the‐year herring may grow better in warm years because the timing of key prey is a better match for their first feeding.
Reducing the scale? From global images to border crossings in medical tourism
Authors: CONNELL JOHN 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInternational medical travel has increased in the last 20 years, becoming more diverse and complex, although definitions and data on its growth and structure are inadequate. Many countries, especially in the Global South, have sought to develop medical tourism for both strategic and defensive reasons. Few have been successful. Standard descriptions and images of medical tourism suggest global markets, elite patient travellers and the dominance of cosmetic surgery, alongside the privatization and corporatization of hospital chains. Most international medical travel is, however, short‐distance, diasporic, across adjacent and nearby borders, and of relatively poor patients seeking cheaper, more effective or available care in appropriate cultural contexts, for straightforward procedures. Social networks, rather than the internet, shape choices and decisions on destinations. Porous international borders are crucial to medical travel and have resulted in the emergence of formal trans‐border health regions in the North and spontaneous informal regions in the South, alongside some regional hubs and hierarchies. Globalization is less significant than the grassroots transnationalism of borderland health care.
Women with congenital factor VII deficiency: clinical phenotype and treatment options from two international studies
Authors: Napolitano M. , Di Minno M. N. D. , Batorova A. , Dolce A. , Giansily‐Blaizot M. , Ingerslev J. , Schved J.‐F. , Auerswald G. , Kenet G. , Karimi M. , Shamsi T. , Ruiz de Sáez A. , Dolatkhah R. , Chuansumrit A. , Bertrand M. A. , Mariani G. 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionA paucity of data exists on the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of bleeding in women with inherited factor VII (FVII) deficiency.AimHere we report results of a comprehensive analysis from two international registries of patients with inherited FVII deficiency, depicting the clinical picture of this disorder in women and describing any gender‐related differences.MethodsA comprehensive analysis of two fully compatible, international registries of patients with inherited FVII deficiency (International Registry of Factor VII deficiency, IRF7; Seven Treatment Evaluation Registry, STER) was performed.ResultsIn our cohort (N = 449; 215 male, 234 female), the higher prevalence of mucocutaneous bleeds in females strongly predicted ensuing gynaecological bleeding (hazard ratio = 12.8, 95% CI 1.68–97.6, P = 0.014). Menorrhagia was the most prevalent type of bleeding (46.4% of patients), and was the presentation symptom in 12% of cases. Replacement therapies administered were also analysed. For surgical procedures (n = 50), a receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that the minimal first dose of rFVIIa to avoid postsurgical bleeding during the first 24 hours was 22 μg kg−1, and no less than two administrations. Prophylaxis was reported in 25 women with excellent or effective outcomes when performed with a total weekly rFVIIa dose of 90 μg kg−1 (divided as three doses).ConclusionWomen with FVII deficiency have a bleeding disorder mainly characterized by mucocutaneous bleeds, which predicts an increased risk of ensuing gynaecological bleeding. Systematic replacement therapy or long‐term prophylaxis with rFVIIa may reduce the impact of menorrhagia on the reproductive system, iron loss and may avoid unnecessary hysterectomies.
Methodology for the development of the NHF‐McMaster Guideline on Care Models for Haemophilia Management
Authors: Pai M. , Santesso N. , Yeung C. H. T. , Lane S.J. , Schünemann H. J. , Iorio A. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundRigorous and transparent methods are necessary to develop clinically relevant and evidence‐based practice guidelines. We describe the development of the National Hemophilia Foundation‐McMaster Guideline on Care Models for Haemophilia Management, which addresses best practices in haemophilia care delivery.MethodsWe assembled a Panel of persons with haemophilia (PWH), parents of PWH, clinical experts and guideline methodologists. Conflicts of interest were disclosed and managed throughout. Panel members and key stakeholders were surveyed to develop the guideline questions and identify patient‐important outcomes. Systematic reviews of the literature were conducted for all factors important in decision‐making: benefits and harms; patient values and preferences; resource implications; acceptability; equity; and feasibility. We used the GRADE approach to create evidence profiles to evaluate the evidence and present key results. Evidence to Decision frameworks were created to guide the Panel in making evidence‐based recommendations. When evidence was very low quality or not available, evidence from other chronic disease populations was presented to the Panel to inform the recommendations. Additionally, we systematically pooled observations from experts, and conducted qualitative interviews exploring key stakeholder experiences and perspectives. The Panel made recommendations for each guideline question and elaborated on research priorities, implementation considerations, and monitoring. Final recommendations were circulated for public and peer review.ConclusionsDespite the paucity of high‐quality evidence typical of a rare condition such as haemophilia, we successfully applied a rigorous and transparent methodology based on GRADE to develop an evidence‐based clinical practice guideline.
Collaboration in crisis: Carer perspectives on police and mental health professional's responses to mental health crises
Authors: Brennan Alice , Warren Narelle , Peterson Violeta , Hollander Yitzchak , Boscarato Kara , Lee Stuart 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFor many situations involving a mental health crisis, carers (e.g. family or friends) are present and either attempt to help the person overcome the crisis or request assistance from professional services (e.g. mental health or police). Comparatively, little research has explored how carers experience the crisis, the professional response and how the nature of the response, in turn, impacts carers. The current study was conducted to explore these issues during individual interviews with nine carers who had previous contact with police and mental health services during a crisis response. Collected data described the definition and perceived impact of a mental health crisis for carers, how carers had experienced a crisis response from police and mental health services, and how the professional response had impacted on carers. Of importance was the finding that carers were often themselves traumatized by witnessing or being involved in the crisis, however, were rarely offered direct education or support to help them cope or prevent future crises. A number of carers described a reluctance to request assistance from professional services due to previous poor experiences. This highlighted the importance of implementing strategies to deliver more timely, respectful, specialist and collaborative crisis responses to improve carer and consumer outcomes.
Effect of different fluoride varnishes on remineralization of artificial enamel carious lesions
Authors: Mohd Said Siti N. B. , Ekambaram Manikandan , Yiu Cynthia K. Y. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo compare remineralization potential of topical fluoride varnishes with added calcium phosphate‐based delivery systems on artificial enamel caries.MethodsHuman enamel specimens (n = 60) were randomly divided into six groups: Group 0: Control (no varnish), Group 1: Duraphat®, Group 2: MI Varnish™, Group 3: Embrace™ Varnish, Group 4: Enamel Pro® Varnish, and Group 5: Clinpro™ White Varnish. Specimens were immersed in demineralizing solution for 96 h to create artificial caries lesion. Each specimen was then immersed in artificial saliva for 6 h after fluoride varnish application and pH cycling was performed for 8 days. Specimens were evaluated using Knoop surface microhardness (KHN) and transverse microradiography (TMR). One‐way anova test was performed to examine the effect of fluoride varnishes on change in percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR), change in lesion depth (ΔLD), and change in mineral loss (ΔΔZ) with the significance limit set at 5%.Results%SHR of enamel following treatment with Group 1 was significantly higher than Group 3 and Group 4. Conversely, ΔLD and ΔΔZ of Group 1 were significantly higher than Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4. No significant differences in %SHR, ΔLD, and ΔΔZ were found between Group 1 and Group 5.ConclusionsDuraphat® alone achieves significant remineralization of enamel carious lesions. Clinpro™ White Varnish had similar enamel remineralization effect as Duraphat®.
Knowledge expectations of recently diagnosed patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Pellinen Tiina , Villberg Jari , Raappana Maarit , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Kettunen Tarja 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the socio‐demographic and disease‐related symptoms and emotions and knowledge expectations of patients recently diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. A further aim was to determine associations between selected demographic variables and patients' expected knowledge.BackgroundPatient counselling and information provision are recommended for all patients with knee osteoarthritis. In healthcare centres, there is a good possibility to establish the knowledge expectations of patients with knee osteoarthritis during counselling. Recent empirical evidence indicates a lack of research on knowledge expectations among recently diagnosed patients with knee osteoarthritis.DesignA quantitative, descriptive inquiry design was adopted.MethodsThe data were collected from 252 recently diagnosed patients with knee osteoarthritis by a postal survey in 2013, using the Hospital Patient's Knowledge Expectations Scale as well as additional questions and statements. The data were analysed using multivariate linear regression.ResultsMost of the respondents were female pensioners who also had other chronic diseases. Approximately half of the participants had had counselling on osteoarthritis. Knowledge expectations concerning pain management were emphasized. From the empowering knowledge perspective, the highest knowledge expectations concerned bio‐physiological dimensions of knowledge, followed by ethical and financial dimensions. Age, employment status, pain and emotions of concern and hope among women and tiredness or fatigue and vocational/higher education among men were associated with knowledge expectations.ConclusionPatients with knee osteoarthritis have high knowledge expectations and there is a need to improve the counselling and care of pain and tiredness or fatigue symptoms. The development of the counselling of recently diagnosed patients with knee osteoarthritis also needs further research.
Health‐related quality of life at healing in individuals with chronic venous or mixed‐venous leg ulceration: a longitudinal assessment
Authors: Hopman Wilma M. , Vandenkerkhof Elizabeth G. , Carley Meg E. , Harrison Margaret B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimsTo identify factors associated with longitudinal changes in health‐related quality of life in community‐dwelling individuals with venous or mixed‐venous leg ulcers.BackgroundMost care focuses primarily on healing; this research may additionally lead to strategies to improve quality of life.DesignData from four studies (2000–2009) were combined (2012) to examine quality of life in community‐dwelling individuals referred for care of chronic leg wounds.MethodsData collection occurred at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months or at healing and included a comprehensive clinical assessment and measures of pain (McGill), functional autonomy (EQ‐5D™) and quality of life (SF‐12TM). Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores (SF‐12TM) were categorized by whether or not there was an improvement (≥3 points) over time. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to identify factors associated with improvement.Results/findingsMean age of this sample (n = 519) was 67·5 years, 55·9% were women. Median time to healing was 70 days. Mean Physical Component Summary score increased from 37·0‐41·5; factors associated with improvement included independent mobility, family history, problems with usual activities, fewer comorbidities and higher baseline pain. Mean Mental Component Summary score improved from 50·5‐53·7; factors associated with improvement included anxiety or depression at baseline and living with others.ConclusionChronic leg ulceration has a substantial, negative impact on health‐related quality of life. Ascertaining characteristics associated with changes in quality of life will contribute to the development of comprehensive strategies for prevention, care and improved quality of life.
The first year: the support needs of parents caring for a child with an intellectual disability
Authors: Douglas Tracy , Redley Bernice , Ottmann Goetz 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimTo describe the support needs of parents caring for a child with an intellectual disability in the first year of life.BackgroundParents of children with intellectual disabilities face significant challenges during the first year of their child's life which is an important developmental period not previously addressed in the literature. The provision of support by health professionals, particularly nurses and midwives, during this crucial period can impact on parental well‐being and on the health and developmental outcomes of their children. However, parents often feel unsupported.DesignThe study used a qualitative descriptive methodology.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents of eleven children with an intellectual disability in Victoria, Australia, during 2014. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic data analysis.FindingsThree key areas of support need were identified to assist parents to provide effective care for their child with an intellectual disability in the first year of life: (1) emotional support as parents adjusted to their role of caring for a child with an intellectual disability; (2) information support as they embarked on a quest for knowledge; and (3) support to facilitate their connection to peer networks. The findings highlighted inconsistent provision of support for parents.ConclusionThis study informs health professionals about how to provide holistic, timely support to parents of children with intellectual disabilities in the first year of life. There is an urgent need to review how nurses and midwives can provide relevant support that is responsive to parents' needs.
Is assessment of oviposition sites using conspecific larval cues a general mechanism in aphidophagous ladybirds (Coccinellidae)?
Authors: Magro A. , Hill M. C. , Gomez M.‐C. , Hemptinne J.‐L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAphidophagous ladybirds of the Coccinellinae subfamily are deterred from oviposition in the presence of chemical cues deposited by conspecific larvae, therefore avoiding the detrimental effects of competition and cannibalism to their offspring. However, it is still unknown whether aphidophagous species from other Coccinellidae subfamilies similarly behave. Here, we investigate this question for species of the Scymninae subfamily. A GC‐MS analysis of Scymnus interruptus (Goeze) larval tracks shows that larvae deposit a cocktail of hydrocarbons containing at least five branched‐chain alkanes. Furthermore, our experiments on the oviposition behaviour of S. interruptus and S. nubilus (Mulsant) in the presence of conspecific larval tracks and of conspecific larval wax covering Scymninae larvae show that females do not refrain from ovipositing in the presence of these larval cues. We recommend that more attention is paid to the role of Scymnus spp. in the regulation of aphids because their oviposition strategy might strengthen aphid suppression in agrosystems.
Comparison between self‐formulation and compounded‐formulation dexamethasone mouth rinse for oral lichen planus: a pilot, randomized, cross‐over trial
Authors: Hambly Jessica L. , Haywood Alison , Hattingh Laetitia , Nair Raj G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThere is a lack of appropriate, commercially‐available topical corticosteroid formulations for use in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid reaction. Current therapy includes crushing a dexamethasone tablet and mixing it with water for use as a mouth rinse. This formulation is unpleasant esthetically and to use in the mouth, as it is a bitter and gritty suspension, resulting in poor compliance. Thus, the present study was designed to formulate and pilot an effective, esthetically‐pleasing formulation.MethodsA single‐blinded, cross‐over trial was designed with two treatment arms. Patients were monitored for 7 weeks. Quantitative and qualitative data was assessed using VAS, numeric pain scales, the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication‐9, and thematic analysis to determine primary patient‐reported outcomes, including satisfaction, compliance, quality of life, and symptom relief.ResultsNine patients completed the pilot trial. Data analysis revealed the new compounded formulation to be superior to existing therapy due to its convenience, positive contribution to compliance, patient‐perceived faster onset of action, and improved symptom relief.ConclusionTopical dexamethasone is useful in the treatment of OLP. When carefully formulated into a compounded mouth rinse, it improves patient outcomes.
Use and Factors Associated With Herbal/Botanical and Nonvitamin/Nonmineral Dietary Supplements Among Women of Reproductive Age: An Analysis of the Infant Feeding Practices Study II
Authors: Budzynska Katarzyna , Filippelli Amanda C. , Sadikova Ekaterina , Dog Tieraona Low , Gardiner Paula 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionLittle is known about the changes in prevalence of dietary supplement use in pregnancy, postpartum, and in a comparison group of nonpregnant women.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of the Infant Feeding Practices II study. The purpose of this study is to report the prevalence of herbal or botanical and nonvitamin, nonmineral dietary supplement use by US women with respect to demographic, behavioral, and health factors. We compared pregnant and postpartum women to a comparison group of nonpregnant women who had not given birth in the past 12 months. Our main outcome was the prevalence of dietary supplements. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with herbal or botanical and nonvitamin, nonmineral dietary supplement use during reproductive age, pregnancy, and postpartum.ResultsThe total sample included 1444 women assessed during the prenatal period, 1422 from the postpartum period, and 1517 women in a comparison group. In terms of herb or botanical use, 15% of the prenatal group, 16% of the postpartum group, and 22% of the comparison group reported using herbs or botanicals. The most frequently used nonvitamin, nonmineral supplement was omega‐3 fatty acid. Among the total prenatal group and comparison group, women eating 5 or more servings of fruits or vegetables were less likely to report using herbs or botanicals. Women in the comparison group self‐identifying as black were 4 times as likely to report using herbs or botanicals compared to participants self‐identifying as white. In addition, women identifying as a race other than white were almost twice as likely to report herb or botanical use across all study groups.DiscussionThis is one of the rare studies that shows the changing prevalence of herbs or botanicals and nonvitamin, nonmineral dietary supplement use in women in the reproductive stage of their lives.
What does the literature tell us about health workers' experiences of task‐shifting projects in sub‐Saharan Africa? A systematic, qualitative review
Authors: Mijovic Hana , McKnight Jacob , English Mike 
Published: June 2016

Aims and ObjectivesTo review systematically, qualitative literature covering the implementation of task shifting in sub‐Saharan Africa to address the growing interest in interventions of this kind. This review aims to distil the key practical findings to both guide a specific project aiming to improve the quality of neonatal care in Kenya and to contribute to the broader literature.BackgroundTask‐shifting programmes aim to improve access to healthcare by delegating specific tasks from higher to lower skilled health workers. Evidence suggests that task‐shifting programmes in sub‐Saharan Africa may improve patient outcomes, but they have also been criticised for providing fragmented, unsustainable services. This systematic review of qualitative literature summarises factors affecting implementation of task shifting and how such interventions in sub‐Saharan Africa may have affected health workers' feelings about their own positions and their ability to provide care.DesignFollowing literature search, a modified Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) framework was used to assess quality. Thereafter, analysis adopted a thematic synthesis approach.MethodsA systematic literature search identified qualitative studies examining task ‐shifting interventions in sub‐Saharan Africa. Thematic synthesis was used to identify overarching themes arising from across the studies and infer how task‐shifting interventions may impact on the health workers from whom tasks are being shifted.ResultsFrom the 230 studies screened, 13 met the inclusion criteria. Overarching themes identified showed that task shifting has been associated with jurisdictional debates linked to new cadres working beyond their scope of practice, and tension around compensation and career development for those taking on tasks that were being delegated.ConclusionsBased on the qualitative data available, it appears that task shifting may negatively impact the sense of agency and the ability to perform of health workers' from whom tasks are shifted. The potential implications of task shifting on all health workers should be considered prior to implementing task‐shifting solutions.