bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cadaveric study using radio-opaque contrast to determine arterial communication between the two bellies of gastrocnemius muscles
Authors: Agarwal Pawan , Gupta K. L. , Yadav P. , Sharma Dhananjaya 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Gastrocnemius muscle is a workhorse flap to cover upper third tibial defects but has a limitation in covering middle one-third tibial defects. The inferiorly based hemi gastrocnemius muscle flap can be useful for reconstruction of the middle third of the leg. The arterial communication between the gastrocnemius muscle heads has been demonstrated, the consistent location, however, was not studied in large specimens. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on sixty specimens of gastrocnemius muscles harvested from thirty fresh cadavers to determine arterial communication between two heads of gastrocnemius muscle using radio-opaque contrast with future application of taking one head of muscle distally based for coverage of middle third defect of tibia. A total of 60 specimens were obtained from thirty fresh cadavers. In thirty specimens, medial sural artery ligated and divided and 20 ml iohexol (350) given through popliteal artery. In remaining thirty specimens lateral sural artery ligated and divided and 20 ml iohexol (350) given through popliteal artery. Digital X-rays of gastrocnemius muscle specimens were taken, and collaterals between two bellies in lower half were noted and the distance of collaterals from the muscles top edge was also noted. Results: We found the communications between both bellies of the gastrocnemius muscle in all specimens in both legs. The mean distance of communications from the upper edge of the medial belly was 15.88 cm and from upper edge of the lateral belly was 14.72 cm in the right leg, respectively. The mean distance of communications from upper edge of the medial belly was 16.01 cm and from upper edge of the lateral belly was 13.78 cm in the left leg. The distal communications between gastrocnemius bellies were not constant in their location, but all the connections were present in distal 3.79 cm of raphe. Conclusion: This study supports the future application of inferior-based hemigastrocnemius muscles flap to cover defects of middle third leg. When distally based hemigastrocnemius flap is planned roughly 1/3rd of distal attachment or distal 3.79 cm of connection between raphe should be maintained to preserve the vascular communications between the two bellies.
Immediate breast reconstruction using the free lumbar artery perforator flap and lateral thoracic vein interposition graft for recipient lateral thoracic artery anastomosis
Authors: Satake Toshihiko , Nakasone Reiko , Kobayashi Shinji , Maegawa Jiro 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe lumbar artery perforator (LAP) flap, which contains excess skin and fat tissue, love handles, that extends from the lower back to upper buttock, may provide an alternate tissue source for autologous breast reconstruction. However, LAP flap use during this procedure frequently requires vessel interposition grafts to correct the short flap pedicle length and mismatched recipient vessel calibre. A 46-year-old patient underwent a right nipple-sparing mastectomy using a lateral approach for ductal carcinoma in situ and immediate LAP flap breast reconstruction. The lateral thoracic vessel served as the recipient vessel, and a lateral thoracic vein interposition graft from the distal remnant was performed to adjust the arterial length and size discrepancy between the recipient lateral thoracic artery and pedicle artery. This procedure facilitates microsurgical anastomosis and medialisation of LAP flap to make a natural decollete line and create a cleavage for the reconstructed breast.
Correlation of Apgar Score with Asphyxial Hepatic Injury and Mortality in Newborns: A Prospective Observational Study from India
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Choudhary Mukesh , Lamba Mamta , Shastri Sweta 
Published: May 2016

Objective The objective of this study is to determine the correlation of Apgar score with asphyxial hepatic injury and neonatal mortality in moderately and severely asphyxiated newborns. Material and Methods This is a secondary analysis of our prospective observational case-controlled study. Sixteen neonates with severe birth asphyxia (five-minute Apgar ≤3) were compared with either 54 moderate asphyxia neonates (five-minute Apgar >3) or 30 normal neonates. Liver function tests were measured on postnatal days 1, 3, and 10 in the study and control groups. Neonatal mortality was observed in the study and control population. Results Correlation of Apgar score in severely asphyxiated neonates compared with normal Apgar score neonates and moderately asphyxiated neonates for deranged hepatic function showed significant correlation (odds ratio [OR] 4.88, 95% CI 3.26–5.84, P = 0.01 and OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.94–3.32, P = 0.02, respectively). There was a significant increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total bilirubin on day 1 and serum LDH at age of 10th postnatal life in severely asphyxiated neonates when compared to moderately asphyxiated neonates, whereas there was a significant decrease in total bilirubin and serum albumin on day 3 in severely asphyxiated neonates. There was a significant increase in serum alanine transaminase, serum LDH, and total bilirubin on day 1, serum aspartate transaminase, serum LDH, and total bilirubin on day 3, and International Normalized Ratio on day 10 of postnatal life when severely asphyxiated neonates were compared with normal neonates. There was a significant reduction in total protein and serum albumin on day 1 and direct bilirubin on day 3 in severely asphyxiated neonates when compared with normal neonates. There was a significant increase in neonatal mortality in severely asphyxiated neonates when compared to the other two groups. Correlation of Apgar score in severely asphyxiated neonates compared with normal Apgar score neonates and moderately asphyxiated neonates for neonatal mortality showed significant correlation (odds ratio [OR] 2.23, 95% CI 1.42–3.04, P = 0.03 and OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.64–2.02, P = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion The severity of hepatic dysfunction correlates well with increasing severity of asphyxia. The neonatal mortality also showed good correlation with Apgar score in our study, although we need a large multicentric trial to confirm our observations. Apgar score combined with hepatic dysfunction can be used as a prognostication marker for neonatal mortality.
Generalized Equivariant Cohomology and Stratifications
Authors: Crooks Peter , Holden Tyler 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFor T a compact torus and a generalized T-equivariant cohomology theory, we provide a systematic framework for computing in the context of equivariantly stratified smooth complex projective varieties. This allows us to explicitly compute as an (pt)-module when X is a direct limit of smooth complex projective Tℂ-varieties. We perform this computation on the affine Grassmannian of a complex semisimple group.
Are Politicians Successful in their Electoral Strategies? The Case of Tax Revenue Budgeting Errors
Authors: Benito Bernardino , Guillamón María-Dolores , Bastida Francisco , Vicente Cristina 
Published: May 2016

This paper aims to examine the effect of tax revenue budgeting errors on fiscal balance and mayor’s party re-election. Specifically, we contribute to the literature by testing whether the relationship between tax revenue underestimation and fiscal balance is influenced by political ideology, political strength and the electoral cycle. To this end, we use a 1994-2008 panel of the largest Spanish municipalities. Our results reveal that underestimating tax revenue increases fiscal surpluses or reduces fiscal deficits. Tax revenue underestimation puts pressure on expenditure, thereby creating a revenue windfall and reducing the deficit. Thus, politicians use these resources to serve their own electoral interests rather than to citizens’ preferences. The impact of tax revenue budgeting errors on the fiscal balance depends on mayors’ political strength and the electoral cycle. In fact, we provide evidence that politicians create buffers by underestimating tax revenue, thereby reducing (increasing) fiscal deficits (surpluses) in the preceding years, to increase expenditure in the pre-election and election years. Finally, our estimates reveal that tax revenue underestimation two years before elections influences the mayor`s party reelection prospects positively.
Measuring the Degree of Unmatched Patient Records in a Health Information Exchange Using Exact Matching
Authors: Zech John , Husk Gregg , Moore Thomas , Shapiro Jason 
Published: May 2016

SummaryHealth information exchange (HIE) facilitates the exchange of patient information across different healthcare organizations. To match patient records across sites, HIEs usually rely on a master patient index (MPI), a database responsible for determining which medical records at different healthcare facilities belong to the same patient. A single patient’s records may be improperly split across multiple profiles in the MPI.We investigated the how often two individuals shared the same first name, last name, and date of birth in the Social Security Death Master File (SSDMF), a US government database containing over 85 million individuals, to determine the feasibility of using exact matching as a split record detection tool. We demonstrated how a method based on exact record matching could be used to partially measure the degree of probable split patient records in the MPI of an HIE.We calculated the percentage of individuals who were uniquely identified in the SSDMF using first name, last name, and date of birth. We defined a measure consisting of the average number of unique identifiers associated with a given first name, last name, and date of birth. We calculated a reference value for this measure on a subsample of SSDMF data. We compared this measure value to data from a functioning HIE.We found that it was unlikely for two individuals to share the same first name, last name, and date of birth in a large US database including over 85 million individuals. 98.81% of individuals were uniquely identified in this dataset using only these three items. We compared the value of our measure on a subsample of Social Security data (1.00089) to that of HIE data (1.1238) and found a significant difference (t-test p-value < 0.001).This method may assist HIEs in detecting split patient records.
Validation of ash optical depth and layer height retrieved from passive satellite sensors using EARLINET and airborne lidar data: the case of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption
Authors: Balis Dimitris , Koukouli Maria-Elissavet , Siomos Nikolaos , Dimopoulos Spyridon , Mona Lucia , Pappalardo Gelsomina , Marenco Franco , Clarisse Lieven , Ventress Lucy J. , Carboni Elisa , Grainger Roy G. , Wang Ping , Tilstra Gijsbert , van der A Ronald , Theys Nicolas , Zehner Claus 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The vulnerability of the European airspace to volcanic eruptions was brought to the attention of the public and the scientific community by the 2010 eruptions of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull. As a consequence of this event, ash concentration thresholds replaced the “zero tolerance to ash” rule, drastically changing the requirements on satellite ash retrievals. In response to that, the ESA funded several projects aiming at creating an optimal end-to-end system for volcanic ash plume monitoring and prediction. Two of them, namely the SACS-2 and SMASH projects, developed and improved dedicated satellite-derived ash plume and sulfur dioxide level assessments. The validation of volcanic ash levels and height extracted from the GOME-2 and IASI instruments on board the MetOp-A satellite is presented in this work. EARLINET lidar measurements are compared to different satellite retrievals for two eruptive episodes in April and May 2010. Comparisons were also made between satellite retrievals and aircraft lidar data obtained with the UK's BAe-146-301 Atmospheric Research Aircraft (managed by the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements, FAAM) over the United Kingdom and the surrounding regions. The validation results are promising for most satellite products and are within the estimated uncertainties of each of the comparative data sets, but more collocation scenes would be desirable to perform a comprehensive statistical analysis. The satellite estimates and the validation data sets are better correlated for high ash optical depth values, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.8. The IASI retrievals show a better agreement concerning the ash optical depth and ash layer height when compared with the ground-based and airborne lidar data.
Polarimetric remote sensing in oxygen A and B bands: sensitivity study and information content analysis for vertical profile of aerosols
Authors: Ding Shouguo , Wang Jun , Xu Xiaoguang 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Theoretical analysis is conducted to reveal the information content of aerosol vertical profile in space-borne measurements of the backscattered radiance and degree of linear polarization (DOLP) in oxygen (O2) A and B bands. Assuming a quasi-Gaussian shape for aerosol vertical profile characterized by peak height H and half width γ (at half maximum), the Unified Linearized Vector Radiative Transfer Model (UNL-VRTM) is used to simulate the Stokes four-vector elements of upwelling radiation at the top of atmosphere (TOA) and their Jacobians with respect to H and γ. Calculations for different aerosol types and different combinations of H and γ values show that the wide range of gas absorption optical depth in O2 A and B band enables the sensitivity of backscattered DOLP and radiance at TOA to the aerosol layer at different altitudes. Quantitatively, DOLP in O2 A and B bands is found to be more sensitive to H and γ than radiance, especially over the bright surfaces (with large visible reflectance). In many O2 absorption wavelengths, the degree of freedom of signal (DFS) for retrieving H (or γ) generally increases with H (and γ) and can be close to unity in many cases, assuming that the composite uncertainty from surface and aerosol scattering properties as well as measurements is less than 5 %. Further analysis demonstrates that DFS needed for simultaneous retrieval of H and γ can be obtained from a combined use of DOLP measurements at  ∼ 10–100 O2 A and B absorption wavelengths (or channels), depending on the specific values of H. The higher the aerosol layer, the fewer number of channels for DOLP measurements in O2 A and B bands are needed for characterizing H and γ. Future hyperspectral measurements of DOLP in O2 A and B bands are needed to continue studying their potential and their combination with radiance and DOLP in atmospheric window channels for retrieving the vertical profiles of aerosols, especially highly scattering aerosols, over land.
An ice core derived 1013-year catchment-scale annual rainfall reconstruction in subtropical eastern Australia
Authors: Tozer Carly R. , Vance Tessa R. , Roberts Jason L. , Kiem Anthony S. , Curran Mark A. J. , Moy Andrew D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Paleoclimate research indicates that the Australian instrumental climate record (∼ 100 years) does not cover the full range of hydroclimatic variability that is possible. To better understand the implications of this on catchment-scale water resources management, a 1013-year (1000–2012 common era (CE)) annual rainfall reconstruction was produced for the Williams River catchment in coastal eastern Australia. No high-resolution paleoclimate proxies are located in the region and so a teleconnection between summer sea salt deposition recorded in ice cores from East Antarctica and rainfall variability in eastern Australia was exploited to reconstruct the catchment-scale rainfall record. The reconstruction shows that significantly longer and more frequent wet and dry periods were experienced in the preinstrumental compared to the instrumental period. This suggests that existing drought and flood risk assessments underestimate the true risks due to the reliance on data and statistics obtained from only the instrumental record. This raises questions about the robustness of existing water security and flood protection measures and has serious implications for water resources management, infrastructure design and catchment planning. The method used in this proof of concept study is transferable and enables similar insights into the true risk of flood/drought to be gained for other paleoclimate proxy poor regions for which suitable remote teleconnected proxies exist. This will lead to improved understanding and ability to deal with the impacts of multi-decadal to centennial hydroclimatic variability.
Investigating the impact of land-use land-cover change on Indian summer monsoon daily rainfall and temperature during 1951–2005 using a regional climate model
Authors: Halder Subhadeep , Saha Subodh K. , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Chase Thomas N. , Goswami Bhupendra Nath 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Daily moderate rainfall events, which constitute a major portion of seasonal summer monsoon rainfall over central India, have decreased significantly during the period 1951 through 2005. On the other hand, mean and extreme near-surface daily temperature during the monsoon season have increased by a maximum of 1–1.5 °C. Using simulations made with a high-resolution regional climate model (RegCM4) and prescribed land cover of years 1950 and 2005, it is demonstrated that part of the changes in moderate rainfall events and temperature have been caused by land-use/land-cover change (LULCC), which is mostly anthropogenic. Model simulations show that the increase in seasonal mean and extreme temperature over central India coincides with the region of decrease in forest and increase in crop cover. Our results also show that LULCC alone causes warming in the extremes of daily mean and maximum temperatures by a maximum of 1–1.2 °C, which is comparable with the observed increasing trend in the extremes. Decrease in forest cover and simultaneous increase in crops not only reduces the evapotranspiration over land and large-scale convective instability, but also contributes toward decrease in moisture convergence through reduced surface roughness. These factors act together in reducing significantly the moderate rainfall events and the amount of rainfall in that category over central India. Additionally, the model simulations are repeated by removing the warming trend in sea surface temperatures over the Indian Ocean. As a result, enhanced warming at the surface and greater decrease in moderate rainfall events over central India compared to the earlier set of simulations are noticed. Results from these additional experiments corroborate our initial findings and confirm the contribution of LULCC in the decrease in moderate rainfall events and increase in daily mean and extreme temperature over India. Therefore, this study demonstrates the important implications of LULCC over India during the monsoon season. Although, the regional climate model helps in better resolving land–atmosphere feedbacks over the Indian region, the inferences do depend on the fidelity of the model in capturing the features of Indian monsoon realistically. It is proposed that similar studies using a suite of climate models will further enrich our understanding about the role of LULCC in the Indian monsoon climate.
Mineiros em movimento: flutuação dos significados das práticas alimentares e agrícolas a partir do fluxo rural-urbano
Authors: Weitzman Rodica 
Published: May 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a evolução das representações em torno de alimentos e comidas por parte de pessoas que vieram da área rural em Minas Gerais e se deslocaram para as comunidades Morro dos Prazeres e Escondidinho, localizadas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os esquemas valorativos que determinam as escolhas alimentares no contexto urbano – que passam por rupturas, transformações e ressignificações - são bastante elucidativos da mobilidade que caracteriza este processo de idas e voltas no espaço e no tempo. A ligação entre o passado e o presente, entre a roça e a cidade se renova e se reatualiza no cerne das práticas alimentares e agrícolas exercidas pelos mineiros, na produção daquilo que remete ao passado, mas ao mesmo tempo, gera novos significados a partir do momento presente.
Chemical Safety in Academic Laboratories: An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Safe Work Practices & Facilities in a University
Authors: Abbas Mohsin , Zakaria Adel M. , Balkhyour Mansour A. , Kashif Muhammad 
Published: May 2016

<p class="1"><span lang="EN-US">Academic laboratories considered as more hazardous than industry due to relaxed approach of academic management for chemical safety. This study designed to analyze the safe work practices and facilities by Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using Varimax rotation. A designed checklist of 26 safety items administered personally in 68 academic laboratories in a Saudi university. From EFA, five factors were extracted: “Availability of laboratory safety documents (5 items, α = 0.92)”, “Maintenance of fume hood (2 items, α = 0.75)”, “Proper chemical storage (3 items, α = 0.64)”, “Proper use of fume hood for chemical handling (4 items, α = 0.62)” and “Laboratory safety labelling (2 items, α = 0.73)”. The results revealed the 5 factors model that grouped 16 safety items that may be crucial for chemical storage, fume hood, laboratory safety plans and labels in the academic laboratories. The extracted factors derived from EFA are expected to help in the development of chemical safety management in the academic laboratories. </span></p>
Individual Character: Towards Empirical Investigation
Authors: L Weragoda, R. B. , P Opatha, H. H. D. N. 
Published: May 2016

The study of individual character is an essential area for organizational research as it is instrumental in ensuring ethical behavior at individual and organization level. However it is observed in the literature that this area has been largely untapped and especially moral and social dimensions of character have been ignored in contemporary studies. Further, it is observed that character and related terms, i.e. virtues, morality, ethos and values have been widely used interchangeably due to conceptual ambiguity (the ontological basis) and certain instruments used for empirical investigations potentially suffer due to methodological ambiguity (the epistemological basis) of the construct. In this paper, we have formulated a conceptually sound definition which provides a clear direction for future empirical investigations and facilitates to differentiate individual character from other related terms. Finally, we propose certain missing and new dimensions of individual character and recommend promising research directions in order to further expand content validity of the construct.