bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the trans-lamina terminalis route via a pterional approach to resect a retrochiasmatic craniopharyngioma involving the third ventricle
Authors: Weil Alexander G. , Robert Thomas , Alsaiari Sultan , Obaid Sami , Bojanowski Michel W. 
Published: January 2016

Retrochiasmatic craniopharyngiomas involving the anterior third ventricle are challenging to access. Although the pterional approach is a common route for suprasellar lesions, when the craniopharyngioma extends behind the chiasma into the third ventricle, access is even more difficult, and the lamina terminalis may offer a good working window. The translamina terminalis approach provides direct access to the retrochiasmatic portion of the tumor with minimal brain retraction and no manipulation of the visual nerves. In this video, we emphasize the utility of using the lamina terminalis corridor to resect the retrochiasmatic intraventricular portion of a craniopharyngioma.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/hrLNC0hDKe4.
Supracerebellar transtentorial approach to the tentorial incisura and beyond
Authors: Swanson Kyle I. , Cikla Ulas , Uluc Kutluay , Baskaya Mustafa K. 
Published: January 2016

The supracerebellar transtentorial approach via a suboccipital craniotomy provides a corridor to reach lesions of the tentorial incisura and supratentorial lesions of the posterior medial basal temporal lobe, such as lesions of the posterior parahippocampal and fusiform gyri. The supracerebellar transtentorial approach obviates the need for either retraction of eloquent cortex or a transcortical route to reach lesions in this region. We present three cases that demonstrate the utility of this approach: a left-sided tentorial meningioma with superior projection, a left-sided posterior parahippocampal cavernous malformation, and a left-sided posterior parahippocampal grade 2 oligodendroglioma.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/OLnzUGZfUqk.
Supracerebellar transtentorial removal of a large tentorial tumor
Authors: Robert Thomas , Weil Alexander G. , Obaid Sami , Al-Jehani Hosam , Bojanowski Michel W. 
Published: January 2016

Large tumors located on the upper surface of the tentorium, extending to the posterior edge of the tentorial incisura and affecting the posterior temporo-mesial region, are challenging to reach without damaging the surrounding brain. Typically, these lesions are approached through a subtemporal or a transcortical transtemporal corridor. To avoid temporal lobe transgression or retraction, and venous drainage compromise, we use a supracerebellar transtentorial (SCTT) approach which gives a direct exposure to the posterior temporo-medial region and the posterior incisural space. In this video, we demonstrate the surgical technique of the SCTT approach.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/g3ilMO8vo4g.
Endoscopic-assisted interhemispheric parieto-occipital transtentorial approach for microsurgical resection of a pineal region tumor: operative video and technical nuances
Authors: Liu James K. 
Published: January 2016

The angle of the straight sinus and tentorium cerebelli can often influence the choice of surgical approach to the pineal region. The supracerebellar infratentorial approach can be technically challenging and a relative contraindication in cases where the angle of the straight sinus and tentorium is very steep. Similarly, an occipital transtentorial approach, which uses a low occipital craniotomy at the junction of the superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus, may not provide the best trajectory to the pineal region in patients with a steep tentorium. In addition, this approach often necessitates retraction on the occipital lobe to access the tentorial incisura and pineal region, which can increase the risk of visual compromise. In this operative video, the author demonstrates an alternative route using an endoscopic-assisted interhemispheric parieto-occipital transtentorial approach to a pineal region tumor in a patient with a steep straight sinus and tentorium. The approach provided a shorter route and more direct trajectory to the tumor at the tentorial incisura, and avoided direct fixed retraction on the occipital lobe when performed using the lateral position, thereby minimizing visual complications. This video atlas demonstrates the operative technique and surgical nuances, including the application of endoscopic-assisted microsurgical resection and operative pearls for preservation of the deep cerebral veins. In summary, the parieto-occipital transtentorial approach with endoscopic assistance is an important approach in the armamentarium for surgical management of pineal region tumors.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/Ph4veG14aTk.
Combined bi-occipital suboccipital transsinus transtentorial approach for resection of a pineal region falcotentorial meningioma: operative video and technical nuances
Authors: Liu James K. 
Published: January 2016

Large deep-seated meningiomas of the falcotentorial region present a formidable surgical challenge. In this operative video, the author demonstrates the combined bi-occipital suboccipital transsinus transtentorial approach for microsurgical resection of a large falcotentorial meningioma. This approach involves division of the less dominant transverse sinus after assessment of the venous pressure before and after clipping of the sinus with continuous neurophysiologic monitoring. Mild retraction of the occipital lobe and cerebellum results in a wide supra- and infratentorial exposure of extensive pineal region tumors. This video atlas demonstrates the operative technique and surgical nuances, including patient positioning, supra- and infratentorial craniotomy, transsinus transtentorial incision, and tumor removal with preservation of the vein of Galen complex. In summary, the combined bi-occipital suboccipital transsinus transtentorial approach provides a wide supra- and infratentorial surgical corridor for removal of select falcotentorial meningiomas.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/3aD8h2uwBAo.
Endoscopic-assisted posterior interhemispheric retrocallosal transfalcine approach for microsurgical resection of a pineal region falcotentorial meningioma: operative video and technical nuances
Authors: Liu James K. , Cohen Michael A. 
Published: January 2016

Falcotentorial meningiomas are rare tumors of the pineal region that arise from the dural folds where the falx and tentorium meet and are often intimately related to the vein of Galen and straight sinus. These lesions often present with signs and symptoms related to hydrocephalus and brainstem compression. Surgical resection of falcotentorial meningiomas remains the definitive treatment, with a variety of surgical approaches used to resect these lesions. The choice of approach depends on several factors, including the size and location of the tumor relative to the vein of Galen complex. Falcotentorial meningiomas can be technically challenging to remove with significant risk of morbidity because of the close proximity to and occasional invasion of the vein of Galen and straight sinus. In this operative video, the authors demonstrate an illustrative step-by-step technique for endoscopic-assisted microsurgical resection of a falcotentorial meningioma using the posterior interhemispheric retrocallosal transfalcine approach for a superiorly positioned falcotentorial meningioma. The surgical nuances are discussed, including the surgical anatomy, gravity-assisted interhemispheric approach in the lateral position, retrocallosal dissection, transfalcine exposure, tumor removal, and preservation of the vein of Galen complex. In summary, the posterior interhemispheric retrocallosal transfalcine approach is a useful surgical strategy for select superiorly positioned falcotentorial meningiomas.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/d8mdunsRacs.
The anterior interhemispheric approach to a third ventricular cavernous malformation
Authors: Martirosyan Nikolay L. , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Nakaji Peter , Spetzler Robert F. 
Published: January 2016

The anterior interhemispheric approach is a workhorse for treatment of lesions in the third ventricle. In this case, we demonstrate the utility of this approach for resecting a complex third ventricular cavernous malformation. We discuss patient positioning, optimal location of the craniotomy, and surgical resection techniques for safe removal of these lesions. We also demonstrate the importance of gravity retraction using the falx to prevent injury to the dominant frontal lobe.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/38woc28er7M.
The supracerebellar infratentorial approach to the dorsal midbrain
Authors: Kalani M. Yashar S. , Martirosyan Nikolay L. , Nakaji Peter , Spetzler Robert F. 
Published: January 2016

The supracerebellar infratentorial approach provides access to the dorsal midbrain, pineal region, and tentorial incisura. This approach can be used with the patient in a sitting, prone, park-bench, or supine position. For a patient with a supple neck and favorable anatomy, we prefer the supine position. The ipsilateral shoulder is elevated, the head turned to the contralateral side, the chin is tucked, and the neck extended toward the floor to open the craniocervical angle for added working room. Care must be taken to place the craniotomy laterally to make use of the ascending angle of the tentorium for ease of access to deep-seated lesions.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/BZh6ljmE23k.
Endoscope-assisted supracerebellar transtentorial approach to the posterior medial temporal lobe for resection of cavernous malformation
Authors: Kalani M. Yashar S. , Lei Ting , Martirosyan Nikolay L. , Oppenlander Mark E. , Spetzler Robert F. , Nakaji Peter 
Published: January 2016

The mesial temporal lobe can be approached via a pterional or orbitozygomatic craniotomy, the subtemporal approach, or transcortically. Alternatively, the entire mesial temporal lobe can be accessed using a lateral supracerebellar transtentorial (SCTT) approach. Here we describe the technical nuances of patient positioning, craniotomy, supracerebellar dissection, and tentorial disconnection to traverse the tentorial incisura to arrive at the posterior mesial temporal lobe for a cavernous malformation. The SCTT approach is especially useful for lesions in the dominant temporal lobe where an anterolateral approach may endanger language centers or the vein of Labbé.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/D8mIR5yeiVw.
Resection of large recurrent third ventricular epidermoid tumors through the posterior interhemispheric transcallosal approach
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. 
Published: January 2016

Epidermoid cysts or tumors comprise 1% of intracranial tumors with a predilection for the cerebellopontine angle or parasellar cisterns. These tumors are derived from an ectopic ectodermal implant seeded between fusing ectodermal surfaces. This results in a benign proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium along a cyst wall with a lumen composed of hyperkeratotic material derived from the desquamating cells. Surgical intervention is the treatment of choice for symptomatic patients. There is no role for radiotherapy or chemotherapy in the treatment of these lesions, including for residual or recurrent disease. The inherent adhesion of the proliferating epithelial lining to surrounding neurovascular structures significantly complicates attempts at gross-total resection. Epidermoid tumors or cysts are rarely reported within the third ventricular region. In this video, the authors demonstrate the technique of right-sided posterior interhemispheric transcallosal approach for maximal resection of a complex recurrent third ventricular epidermoid tumor with lateral ventricular extension.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/wbXp7mc0vT4.
Microsurgical decompression of tumor of a rare posterior third ventricular pathology
Authors: Nanda Anil , Konar Subhas , Kalakoti Piyush , Maiti Tanmoy 
Published: January 2016

Of the posterior third ventricular tumors, a papillary tumor of the pineal gland is a rare entity that originates from specialized ependymoma of the subcommissural organ. In this video narration, we present a case of a 33-year-old male with headaches and recent cognitive decline due to a posterior third ventricular lesion. The patient underwent a posterior interhemispheric approach, and a gross-total decompression was achieved with no signs of recurrence in a 2-year follow-up period. With this case we highlight the microsurgical technique employed for decompressing tumors of the posterior third ventricular region with preservation of eloquent structures and draining veins.The video can be found here:https://youtu.be/o0WbyOqmtX0.
A Quantitative Analysis of Chromium and Zinc in Water and Raw Milk in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Akther S. , Shahriar S. M. S. , Alam M. K. , Zakir H. M. 
Published: January 2016

The concentration of selected heavy metals (chromium and zinc) was detected and estimated in water and raw milk collected from Chittagong City of Bangladesh. A total of 25 water samples and 20 raw milk samples were collected from different farms situated in 10 locations of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Chromium content in water was obtained in the range from 0.2 µg/L to 13 µg/L. The highest level of chromium content in water was 13.068 µg/L. The content of chromium in raw milk was obtained in the range from 2 µg/L to 17 µg/L. The highest level of chromium in milk was 17.062 µg/L. Chromium concentrations in water and milk were below the maximum allowed limit. The concentration of zinc in water was in the range from 0.01 mg/L to 1 mg/L. The highest level of zinc in water was 1.024 mg/L. The concentration of zinc in raw milk was in the range from 0.6 mg/L to 0.9 mg/L. The highest concentration of zinc in water was 1.024 mg/L which is around the toxicological guidance value of zinc.
Stabilization of a Fixed Speed IG Based Wind Farm using Variable Speed PMSG
Authors: Tasneem Zinat , Sheikh M.R.I. 
Published: January 2016

To optimize the output power and reduce the frequency fluctuation in conventional fixed speed Induction Generator (IG) based wind farm, various controlling devices are used. But, this paper proposes that Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) can work both as a power producing device and as a controlling device for IG. In this paper a more practical case has been considered where a wind farm is operated with a set of Synchronous Generators (SG). Thermal, Hydro and Nuclear Governors have been used for SGs. Wind farm has a capacity of 20% of the total SGs capacity. Both two-level and three-level converter-inverter based PMSG have been considered. Comparative results between IG and IG with PMSG are shown. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed system. Simulations have been carried out by using the laboratory standard power system software package, PSCAD/EMTDC.
On the Comparative Performance Analysis of PAPR Reduction Techniques in OFDM System
Authors: Khalil Md. Ibrahim , Ahmed Sabbir 
Published: January 2016

Selected Mapping (SLM) and Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) are two very well-known Peak-to-average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Both these schemes show good PAPR reduction capabilities. However, for any PAPR reduction technique, the nature of spectral occupancy and the associated computational complexity also need to be taken into account when the overall performance is considered. In this paper, our goal is to perform a comparative performance analysis of SLM and PTS techniques by considering these three parameters, i.e. PAPR reduction, computational overhead and spectral compactness. For this, we at first look for the optimum values in terms of number of sequences in SLM and no. of sub-blocks in PTS. And then based on this finding, we perform performance analysis. Our finding shows that, PTS outperforms SLM when compared on the parameters mentioned above. Finally, to explore the feasibility of further improvement, we apply Walsh-Hadamard Transform to PTS scheme and show that it further reduces PAPR and improves spectral compactness.
Sur un passage d'Andocide (Paix, 27)
Authors: Payrau Sylvain 
Published: January 2016

Au § 27 du discours Sur la Paix, Andocide fait état de la πατρία ειρήνη qui existe entre Argiens et Lacédé-moniens. Il ne faut pas confondre cette paix héréditaire et le «prétexte des mois sacrés » dont Xénophon décrit le mécanisme dans les Helléniques. L'étude des relations de Sparte et d 'Argos au Ve siècle av. J.-C. et pendant la guerre de Corinthe rend compte de la nature exacte de cette paix.
L'esprit de la πατρία ειρήνη inspire les propositions de paix lacédémoniennes de 392 /391 . Aussi n'est-on pas surpris de voir Andocide présenter la κοινή ειρήνη préparée au cours des négociations de Sparte comme une paix héréditaire valable pour tous les Grecs. La formule est heureuse : les arrière-pensées et les réticences pouvaient entraîner l'échec de cette tentative ; la nécessité d'organiser la paix grecque de façon solide et durable n'en demeurait pas moins impérieuse.
Une émeute à Rome au IVe siècle (Ammien Marcellin, XXVII, 3, 3-4 : essai d'interprétation)
Authors: Rougé Jean 
Published: January 2016

Dans ce passage, Ammien Marcellin nous rapporte l'émeute de 375 contre Symmaque le père suscitée par la déclaration qu'on lui prêtait qu'il préférait éteindre la chaux avec son vin que de le vendre au prix demandé. Cette émeute nous est également connue par la correspondance et les discours de Symmaque le fils.
Le faux bruit à l'origine de cette émeute s'explique par la pratique, connue par Pline l'Ancien, d'éteindre la chaux avec du vin pour obtenir le revêtement hydraulique appelé «malthe », revêtement dont il est longuement question dans Palladius. Il doit être mis en rapport, non avec l'opposition des grands seigneurs romains à la politique de Valentinien, mais avec les avantages vinaires obtenus, lors de la préfecture de la Ville de Symmaque, par la corporation des chaufourniers et voituriers. C'était là une compensation pour le surcroît dé travail résultant des constructions d'utilité publique auxquelles présida Symmaque lors de sa préfecture et même après.
Étude technique sur un texte de l'empereur Julien relatif à la constitution des voies romaines
Authors: Fustier Pierre 
Published: January 2016

La théorie sur la construction des voies romaines, que Nicolas Bergier avait cru pouvoir tirer d'un passage de Vitruve, devant être définitivement abandonnée, il ne nous reste, sur la question, que de rares textes anciens, généralement peu précis.
Tel n'est pas le cas de celui que nous a laissé, en grec, l'empereur Julien dans une de ses lettres.
Il y insiste, avec beaucoup de clarté, sur l'analogie qu'il a souvent constatée, entre la structure des voies et celle de la maçonnerie des habitations, sauf l'emploi de terre en guise de mortier.
Ce passage nous fournit un précieux élément de comparaison, les maçonneries romaines de moellons bruts nous étant bien connues, grâce aux travaux de Choisy et à de nombreuses fouilles d'édifices, faites sans idées préconçues.
La découverte, sur un tracé ancien, d'un tronçon présentant leurs caractéristiques, mais avec un liant de terre, permettra de conclure sûrement à une origine romaine.
Les mots latins à préfixes Uē-
Authors: Guiraud Charles 
Published: January 2016

Établissement du matériel concerné. On a éliminé certains mots qui dépendent d'une étymologie fantaisiste. Vëmens par ailleurs n'a pas sa place ici, car il est second par rapport à uchemens.
Valeur établie pour le préfixe uē- : marque l'écart par rapport à la référence indiquée par le deuxième terme du composé (exemple : uescus « qui mange trop ou pas assez »). Les graphies de type uaesanus peuvent venir d'un faux rapprochement avec l'interjection uae.
Les statues en bronze de l'époque romaine. À propos du IXe colloque international sur les bronzes antiques, « Statuettes et grands bronzes grecs et romains », Vienne, avril 1986.
Authors: Braemer François 
Published: January 2016

It took place in Vienna, at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, and gave the opportunity to devote a part of it to the « statues » — term to prefer to « great bronzes » — by reason of the presence of the « Jungling vom Magdalensberg » which proves to be a work of the 16th century.
The lectures were based on relatively accurately dated works, such as portraits, and on investigations on technical processes destined to render important services in the future.
SERENDIPITOUS DISCOVERY OF AN EXTENDED X-RAY JET WITHOUT A RADIO COUNTERPART IN A HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASAR
Authors: Simionescu A. , Stawarz Ł. , Ichinohe Y. , Cheung C. C. , Jamrozy M. , Siemiginowska A. , Hagino K. , Gandhi P. , Werner N. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
A recent Chandra observation of the nearby galaxy cluster Abell 585 has led to the discovery of an extended X-ray jet associated with the high-redshift background quasar B3 0727+409, a luminous radio source at redshift z = 2.5. This is one of only few examples of high-redshift X-ray jets known to date. It has a clear extension of about 12″, corresponding to a projected length of ∼100 kpc, with a possible hot spot located 35″ from the quasar. The archival high resolution Very Large Array maps surprisingly reveal no extended jet emission, except for one knot about 1.″4 from the quasar. The high X-ray to radio luminosity ratio for this source appears consistent with the

amplification expected from the inverse Compton radiative model. This serendipitous discovery may signal the existence of an entire population of similar systems with bright X-ray and faint radio jets at high redshift, a selection bias that must be accounted for when drawing any conclusions about the redshift evolution of jet properties and indeed about the cosmological evolution of supermassive black holes and active galactic nuclei in general.
LIMITS ON INTERGALACTIC DUST DURING REIONIZATION
Authors: Imara N. , Loeb A. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
In this Letter, we constrain the dust-to-gas ratio in the intergalactic medium (IGM) at high redshifts. We employ models for dust in the local universe to constrain the dust-to-gas ratio during the epoch of reionization at redshifts z ∼ 6–10. The observed level of reddening of high redshift galaxies implies that the IGM was enriched to an intergalactic dust-to-gas ratio of less than 3% of the Milky Way value by a redshift of z = 10.
SURFACE TEMPERATURES ON TITAN DURING NORTHERN WINTER AND SPRING
Authors: Jennings D. E. , Cottini V. , Nixon C. A. , Achterberg R. K. , Flasar F. M. , Kunde V. G. , Romani P. N. , Samuelson R. E. , Mamoutkine A. , Gorius N. J. P. , Coustenis A. , Tokano T. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Meridional brightness temperatures were measured on the surface of Titan during the 2004–2014 portion of the Cassini mission by the Composite Infrared Spectrometer. Temperatures mapped from pole to pole during five two-year periods show a marked seasonal dependence. The surface temperature near the south pole over this time decreased by 2 K from 91.7 ± 0.3 to 89.7 ± 0.5 K while at the north pole the temperature increased by 1 K from 90.7 ± 0.5 to 91.5 ± 0.2 K. The latitude of maximum temperature moved from 19 S to 16 N, tracking the sub-solar latitude. As the latitude changed, the maximum temperature remained constant at 93.65 ± 0.15 K. In 2010 our temperatures repeated the north–south symmetry seen by Voyager one Titan year earlier in 1980. Early in the mission, temperatures at all latitudes had agreed with GCM predictions, but by 2014 temperatures in the north were lower than modeled by 1 K. The temperature rise in the north may be delayed by cooling of sea surfaces and moist ground brought on by seasonal methane precipitation and evaporation.