bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Counseling Promotes Changes in the Dietary Habits of Overweight and Obese Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Carolo Adriana Lúcia , Mendes Maria Célia , Rosa e Silva Ana Carolina Japur de Sá , Vieira Carolina Sales , Silva de Sá Marcos Felipe , Ferriani Rui Alberto , Reis Rosana Maria dos 
Published: October 2017

Objective To evaluate the effects of nutritional counseling on the dietary habits and anthropometric parameters of overweight and obese adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Methods This was a prospective, longitudinal and auto-controlled study. Thirty adolescents aged 13–19 years-old, diagnosed with PCOS received nutritional counseling and were followed-up for 6 months. After the follow-up period, the results were evaluated through body weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).
Results Sixty-percent of the adolescents adhered to the nutritional counseling and, of these, 50% lost weight. Adolescents who lost weight changed their dietary habits by adopting hypocaloric diets and eating more meals per day, as per nutritional counseling. The waist circumference (WC) decreased significantly, although the body weight decreased non-significantly after adoption of a hypocaloric diet.
Conclusion Although there was no significant weight loss, there was a considerable reduction in the WC associated with hypocaloric diets and with eating a greater number of meals per day.
Effect of Kyphoplasty in the Treatment of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures Compared to Vertebroplasty – Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Botelho Ricardo , Diniz Juliete , Sousa Ulysses , Mudo Marcelo , Oliveira Matheus 
Published: October 2017

Introduction Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are possible options for vertebral augmentation after osteoporotic fractures. Both are percutaneous techniques with specific advantages and disadvantages. Our aim is to compare the clinical and radiological results of these two procedures.
Methods An overview of published systematic reviews in the literature on the effects of kyphoplasty compared with vertebroplasty was performed.
Results After short and long follow-up, the kyphoplasty group had lower pain scores on the visual analogue scale (VAS), lower scores in the Oswestry Disability index (ODI), greater restoration of the vertebral body height and lower kyphosis angle in the immediate postoperative period. There was less leakage of cement to the vertebral canal and extraspinal spaces.
Conclusions Compared with vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty achieved better results in pain relief, quality of life, correction of spinal deformity and lower risk of cement leakage.
Measuring impact in the humanities: Learning from accountability and economics in a contemporary history of cultural value
Authors: Bulaitis Zoe 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article addresses the future of research assessment within higher education in the UK from a humanities perspective. Recent changes to policy (such as The Browne Report 2010 and the 2014 REF) indicates that humanities research is increasingly required to provide quantifiable or commercial results in order to attain value. Although research assessment exercises have been a formal part of UK higher education since the first Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) in 1986, the last 6 years have seen a significant change in how research is valued within the academy. Specifically, this paper responds to the increasing prioritisation of 'impact' measurement in research assessment criteria. The article situates recent changes in higher education within a historical context of cultural policymaking in the UK from the 1980s to the present day. Such an undertaking highlights the specific challenges and nuances within the shift towards 'impact'. Firstly, this paper details how public cultural institutions (such as museums and art galleries) became subject to practises of economisation and social accountability as a result of 1980s cultural policy. A rich field of literature from museology and arts management provides valuable sources and testimonies that should be considered in the future of the academic humanities. Secondly, this paper considers the implications of the creative industries upon the perception of knowledge production since the 1990s. Following this specific history of cultural assessment mechanisms in the UK, this article concludes by demonstrating that neither the adoption of a purely economic approach nor a refusal of accountability will serve the humanities. Whilst there is a wealth of social science research that explores valuation methods and assessment culture there is a lack of humanities research within this vital debate. This article presents a response from a humanities perspective. As a result, this contribution raises awareness of the urgent need for humanities scholars to engage in these emerging and significant debates concerning the future of research assessment in the UK.
The visual essay and the place of artistic research in the humanities
Authors: Roes Remco , Pint Kris 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhat could be the place of artistic research in current contemporary scholarship in the humanities? The following essay addresses this question while using as a case study a collaborative artistic project undertaken by two artists, Remco Roes (Belgium) and Alis Garlick (Australia). We argue that the recent integration of arts into academia requires a hybrid discourse, which has to be distinguished both from the artwork itself and from more conventional forms of academic research. This hybrid discourse explores the whole continuum of possible ways to address our existential relationship with the environment: ranging from aesthetic, multi-sensorial, associative, affective, spatial and visual modes of ‘knowledge’ to more discursive, analytical, contextualised ones. Here, we set out to defend the visual essay as a useful tool to explore the non-conceptual, yet meaningful bodily aspects of human culture, both in the still developing field of artistic research and in more established fields of research. It is a genre that enables us to articulate this knowledge, as a transformative process of meaning-making, supplementing other modes of inquiry in the humanities.
Spatial and temporal variations in resilience to tropical cyclones along the United States coastline as determined by the multi-hazard hurricane impact level model
Authors: Pilkington Stephanie , Mahmoud Hussam 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe United States coastline, where over 50% the population lives, is vulnerable to hurricanes along the East and Gulf coasts. However, the question remains as to whether these two areas are equally resilient to a landfalling hurricane. In addition, while it is assumed that improvements in building codes, infrastructure protections, and changing policy over the past century have been effective in reducing the impacts to a community from historically extreme hurricane events, such an assumption is still to be validated. Here, a multi-hazard artificial neural network model is used to address these questions. The Hurricane Impact Level Model is the first prediction model to utilize machine-learning techniques (artificial neural networks) to established complex connections between all meteorological factors (wind, pressure, storm surge, and precipitation resulting in inland flooding) of a tropical cyclone and how those interact with the location of landfall to produce a certain level of economic damage. This model allows for a more all-encompassing assessment of how the impacts of tropical cyclones vary along the coastline. The Hurricane Impact Level Model was trained with historical tropical cyclone events from 1998 to present day, resulting in established locational associations to modern relevant building codes and mitigation practices. Simulating the meteorological factors from historical events allows for a new assessment of economic impact changes due to infrastructure improvements and policy adaptations over time. In essence, if Hurricane Sandy hit Florida instead of New York, it would have a lower economic impact due to lower population density and more stringent building codes, which the artificial neural network has associated with the latitudes and longitudes within the state of Florida. If the Galveston hurricane were to hit today, the seawall would not succeed in lowering the economic impact to the Texas coastline. Over the years, significant effort has been put in to improving the resiliency of the United States coastline, mainly in the southern states, but it has not been enough to counteract the effects of population growth within coastal counties.
'No spoilers, please': the crux of illustrating the explained Gothic without explaining the mystery
Authors: Schwertfeger Susanne 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBesides the story itself, illustrations add an extra layer to how a text is perceived. As related to the Gothic novel, this visual attribute and its specific issues have been hardly addressed. This article focuses on a special aspect of the complicated relationship between the literary and the visual Gothic. How can the Gothic atmosphere be translated from the experience of reading (as an establishing and successive act) into an experience of viewing (which, in the case of these illustrations, is not consecutive but almost isolated and selective)? The article concentrates on a certain dilemma that especially occurs for those stories that can be labeled as explained Gothic, in which no actual ghosts or demons haunt the scene, but banditti or other quite human villains do. The characters in the diegesis as well as the readers were for most of the story unaware of the true nature of the described phenomenon. Therefore, how could this phenomenon be visualized to generate interest (as a selling point) and somehow stay true to the source without giving away the ending at the same time? First, this article offers close readings of various illustrations for Ann Radcliffe’s Gothic Novel The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794), in which the artists had to struggle with the depiction of the most famous episode of Emily St. Aubert’s attempts to lift the infamous black veil. It identifies three opposing strategies of how this predicament was solved. The aesthetic of reception is used to further analyze those approaches. The article then argues that the strategies are distinguished by the handling of the mystery and understanding of the concept of the explained Gothic in general. Finally, it reconstructs the assumed readership for those different editions and their preferences of the visual Gothic.
On the elementals and their qualities in David Foster Wallace’s Derivative Sport in Tornado Alley
Authors: Kozin Alexander 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article addresses the phenomenological concept of the ‘world’, the ancient Greek notion of the ‘elementals’ as well as their empirically accessible derivatives (‘qualities’). These concepts are examined from the philosophical perspective, with David Foster Wallace’s essay Derivative Sport in Tornado Alley serving as an illustration. The purpose of the examination is to show how the world communicates itself through its basic structures and their qualities to a child who is engaged in play. The works of Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, and the Presocratics assist this study with a methodological framework. The provisional findings include the significance of the elementals (fire, water, earth, and air) for the perception of the world and its structures, as well as the role of ‘wind,’ which is presented as a quality of the elemental ‘air’ and, in a different interpretation, as a divinity. The collusion between a mortal and wind, with sky and earth forming the background for this relationship, produces unique circumstances for playing tennis in a place, which constantly challenges this activity. The notions of ‘childhood’ and ‘nostalgia’ are also touched upon, albeit in a cursive manner. This study is designed to show advantages of employing phenomenology and ancient Greek philosophy for the humanities in general and specifically for the analysis of contemporary literature.
Estimating mobility using sparse data: Application to human genetic variation
Authors: Loog Liisa , Mirazón Lahr Marta , Kovacevic Mirna , Manica Andrea , Eriksson Anders , Thomas Mark G. 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceMigratory activity is a critical factor in shaping processes of biological and cultural change through time. We introduce a method to estimate changes in underlying migratory activity that can be applied to genetic, morphological, or cultural data and is well-suited to samples that are sparsely distributed in space and through time. By applying this method to ancient genome data, we infer a number of changes in human mobility in Western Eurasia, including higher mobility in pre- than post-Last Glacial Maximum hunter–gatherers, and oscillations in Holocene mobility with peaks centering on the Neolithic transition and the beginnings of the Bronze Age and the Late Iron Age.
Nasal airflow simulations suggest convergent adaptation in Neanderthals and modern humans
Authors: de Azevedo S. , González M. F. , Cintas C. , Ramallo V. , Quinto-Sánchez M. , Márquez F. , Hünemeier T. , Paschetta C. , Ruderman A. , Navarro P. , Pazos B. A. , Silva de Cerqueira C. C. , Velan O. , Ramírez-Rozzi F. , Calvo N. , Castro H. G. , Paz R. R. , González-José R. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Due to its role in humidifying and warming the air before it reaches the lungs, adaptations in the internal nasal anatomy are suspected to have been essential for modern humans and Neanderthals during the settlement of Eurasian harsh landscapes. Unfortunately, the lack of soft-tissue evidence in the fossil record precludes any study of Neanderthal respiratory performance. Here, we use warping techniques to reconstruct a generic Neanderthal nose, computational fluid dynamics simulations to compare the respiratory performance on both species, and evolutionary analyses to detect signals of selection. We report striking differences on fluid residence times under cold/dry climatic conditions. Different from previously suggested, our results indicate that both species would have achieved an advantageous species-specific respiratory performance in cold climates.
Rewriting nature’s assembly manual for a ssRNA virus
Authors: Patel Nikesh , Wroblewski Emma , Leonov German , Phillips Simon E. V. , Tuma Roman , Twarock Reidun , Stockley Peter G. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Viruses composed of a shell of coat proteins enclosing ssRNA genomes are among the simplest biological entities. Their lifecycles include a range of processes, such as specific genome encapsidation and efficient capsid self-assembly. Until recently, these were not linked, but we have shown that many viruses in this class encode multiple, degenerate RNA sequence/structure motifs that bind cognate coat proteins collectively. This simultaneously ensures specific genome packaging and efficient virion assembly via an RNA-encoded instruction manual. Here we extract essential features of this manual in a viral RNA genome, creating a synthetic sequence with an assembly substrate superior to the natural equivalent. Such RNAs have the potential for efficient production of stable virus-like particle vaccines and/or gene/drug delivery vehicles.
DsbA-L prevents obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance by suppressing the mtDNA release-activated cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway
Authors: Bai Juli , Cervantes Christopher , Liu Juan , He Sijia , Zhou Haiyan , Zhang Bilin , Cai Huan , Yin Dongqing , Hu Derong , Li Zhi , Chen Hongzhi , Gao Xiaoli , Wang Fang , O’Connor Jason C. , Xu Yong , Liu Meilian , Dong Lily Q. , Liu Feng 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Activation of the cGAMP-cGAS-STING pathway has recently been shown to mediate virus- or bacteria-induced activation of the innate immune response. Here we report that this pathway also plays an important role in obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, beyond its well-characterized roles in innate immune surveillance. We have also identified adipose disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein as a key regulator of mitochondrial integrity and function, which protects mice from obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance by suppressing mtDNA release-induced activation of the cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway. Our study suggests that targeting the cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway in adipose tissue may be an effective approach to ameliorating obesity-induced chronic inflammation and its associated metabolic diseases.
Role of the nucleotidyl cyclase helical domain in catalytically active dimer formation
Authors: Vercellino Irene , Rezabkova Lenka , Olieric Vincent , Polyhach Yevhen , Weinert Tobias , Kammerer Richard A. , Jeschke Gunnar , Korkhov Volodymyr M. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases are at the core of cellular signaling. Although the molecular mechanisms of the reactions catalyzed by these enzymes are well established, their structures and biophysical properties remain only partially characterized. Here, we report the structure of the cytosolic domain of a mycobacterial adenylyl cyclase Cya, an evolutionary ancestor of mammalian membrane adenylyl cyclases. The structure reveals the helical domain, a highly conserved structural element that links the catalytic and transmembrane portions of Cya. We show how helical domains bring together the catalytic domains to form functionally active dimers. Our data suggest that the disease-linked mutations in human nucleotidyl cyclases may disrupt the correct assembly of the helical domain, preventing the formation of an active dimeric enzyme.
Contaminants of emerging concern affect
Trichoplusia ni
growth and development on artificial diets and a key host plant
Authors: Pennington Marcus J. , Rothman Jason A. , Dudley Stacia L. , Jones Michael B. , McFrederick Quinn S. , Gan Jay , Trumble John T. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Rising temperatures, drought, and growing human populations are increasing demand for reclaimed wastewater for agricultural use. However, wastewater often contains biologically active, pseudopersistent pharmaceuticals, even after passage through a water treatment facility. We determined that the biology, life histories, and microbial communities of an agricultural pest insect were altered when reared on artificial diets or plants irrigated by these chemicals. In this study, pharmaceuticals translocated through plants have been shown to negatively affect the biology of an agriculturally important insect. The responses to these pharmaceuticals could have implications for integrating pest management practices and for understanding the effects of reclaimed water on agricultural ecosystems that are critical for the sustainability of our food supply.
Facephenes and rainbows: Causal evidence for functional and anatomical specificity of face and color processing in the human brain
Authors: Schalk Gerwin , Kapeller Christoph , Guger Christoph , Ogawa Hiroshi , Hiroshima Satoru , Lafer-Sousa Rosa , Saygin Zeynep M. , Kamada Kyousuke , Kanwisher Nancy 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Are some regions of the human brain exclusively engaged in a single specific mental process? Here we test this question in a neurosurgery patient implanted with electrodes for clinical reasons. When electrically stimulated in the fusiform face area while viewing objects, the patient reported illusory faces while the objects remained unchanged. When stimulated in nearby color-preferring sites, he reported seeing rainbows. The fact that stimulation of face-selective sites affected only face percepts and stimulation of color-preferring sites affected only color percepts, in both cases independent of the object being viewed, supports the view that some regions of cortex are indeed exclusively causally engaged in a single mental process and highlights the risks entailed in standard interpretations of neural decoding results.
Probing and manipulating intracellular membrane traffic by microinjection of artificial vesicles
Authors: Koike Seiichi , Jahn Reinhard 
Published: October 2017

Significance
In eukaryotic cells, membranous organelles exchange trafficking vesicles that bud from the precursor and are transported to the target membrane where they fuse. Many of the required proteins are known. Moreover, some steps such as budding and fusion have been reconstituted using artificial membranes and a minimalistic set of proteins. However, it is not known whether these vesicles are functional in the complex environment of a cell. Here, we have introduced such artificial vesicles into living cells and find that only few components are needed for function in membrane traffic, with all other factors recruited from the cytoplasm. Thus, eukaryotic cells have a remarkable capacity for self-organization that can be exploited for targeting tags to specific regions in the cell.
Molecular basis of the 14-3-3 protein-dependent activation of yeast neutral trehalase Nth1
Authors: Alblova Miroslava , Smidova Aneta , Docekal Vojtech , Vesely Jan , Herman Petr , Obsilova Veronika , Obsil Tomas 
Published: October 2017

Significance
14-3-3 proteins are conserved scaffolding proteins expressed in all eukaryotic cells, where they regulate the function of several hundreds of partner proteins by constraining their conformation. Yeast neutral trehalases (Nth), enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of trehalose, compared with trehalases from other organisms, possess distinct structure and regulation involving phosphorylation followed by binding to 14-3-3. Here we present the crystal structures of yeast Nth1 and its complex with the 14-3-3 protein and propose a molecular mechanism in which 14-3-3 activates Nth1 by stabilizing the flexible part of its active site. Comparison of the 14-3-3:Nth1 complex structure with those of other 14-3-3 complexes suggests the highly conserved nature of 14-3-3 affects the structures of many client proteins.
Dynamics of cell transformation in culture and its significance for tumor development in animals
Authors: Rubin Harry 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Growth of NIH 3T3 cells in an optimized medium produced transformed foci after reaching confluence in the absence of treatment with carcinogens or transfection with tumor DNA. Dynamic experiments showed the first response of the crowded cells was gradual population-wide increases in saturation density followed by transformed foci. The latter produced malignant tumors when injected into mice. The field of cells around the foci became increasingly susceptible to transformation. Analysis of the data revealed that transformation was driven by epigenetic selection of cell populations that grew well at high densities rather than genetic instability. That conclusion is reinforced by two other methods of selection, one at low cell density in low serum concentration and the other by suspension in agar.