bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dämpfungsverhalten unterschiedlicher Fluide in einem Flüssigkeitstilgersystem
Authors: Schellander Janez , Strauss Alfred 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Verwendung von Flüssigkeitstilgersystemen (Tuned liquid column dampers – TLCD) zur Dämpfung unerwünschter Strukturschwingungen stellt eine gute Alternative zu herkömmlichen Dämpfungssystemen dar. Diese werden in der Regel durch sogenannte Isolatoren oder Dissipatoren bzw. mithilfe von Masse‐Feder‐Dämpfern (TMD) reduziert. Isolatoren und Dissipatoren arbeiten ohne zusätzliche Masse, TMD‐Systeme besitzen eine zusätzliche Masse, welche über eine Feder und meist einen viskosen Dämpfer mit dem Hauptsystem gekoppelt ist. Eben diese zusätzliche Masse sorgt sowohl beim TMD als auch beim Flüssigkeitstilger durch ihre dem Hauptsystem gegenläufige Bewegung für den gewünschten Dämpfungseffekt. Die theoretischen wie auch praktischen Laboruntersuchungen der Bemessungsparameter des Flüssigkeitstilgers sind Gegenstand des vorliegenden Beitrags. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt hierbei auf der Eigendämpfung des Fluids. Diese hängt wesentlich von den rheologischen Eigenschaften der Flüssigkeit selbst ab und weist dementsprechend – je nach Flüssigkeit – relativ große Unterschiede auf. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt zum einen theoretische, rheologische Grundlagen und zum anderen untersucht und überprüft er deren Auswirkungen auf das Dämpfungsverhalten eines Flüssigkeitstilgers anhand von Versuchsergebnissen. Ziel war es, die Auswirkungen der Flüssigkeitseigenschaften wie Viskosität, Scherraten, Dichte usw. auf die Eigendämpfung der Flüssigkeit darzustellen und zu vergleichen. Darüber hinaus sollte der Zusammenhang von Tilgerdämpfung und der Dämpfung des Gesamtsystems dargestellt werden. Dafür wurden mittels eines eigens entwickelten Versuchsstands Ausschwingversuche durchgeführt und die ausgewerteten Zeitverläufe gegenübergestellt.Damping behavior of different fluids used for a Tuned Liquid Column Damper SystemTuned liquid column dampers (TLCD) represent a good alternative to other commonly used damping systems applied on engineering structures. The use of an additional mass causes a contrary motion in relation to the main oscillating system. This contrary motion enables an efficient way to mitigate unwanted structural vibrations. To obtain high damping efficiencies certain parameters of the TLCD must be optimized and adjusted to the main system. Important parameters would be the mass – m, the eigenfrequency of the damper fT, the stiffness and of course the damping of the system itself. The theoretical and experimental investigations of certain parameters are the aim of this contribution. The main focus was on the damping term of the TLCD. Since it is strongly dependent on the rheological parameters of the fluid, such as viscosity, shear rates, density etc. different fluids were tested and after evaluation compared. To execute these experiments, a test stand has been designed and built. So the main aim of this research work is to theoretically explain fundamental fluid parameters and in a further step to show how a change of these parameters changes the damping behavior of the TLCD.
Belastungsversuche – Internationaler Stand des Wissens
Authors: Schacht Gregor , Bolle Guido , Marx Steffen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBelastungsversuche sind in Deutschland seit 15 Jahren durch die Richtlinie des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton (DAfStb) geregelt. Weiterentwicklungen der Bewertungsverfahren und die Einführung der Eurocodes führten dazu, dass der DAfStb eine Überarbeitung der bestehenden Richtlinie beschloss. Dieser Beitrag stellt die internationalen Regelungen zu Belastungsversuchen vor und gibt einen Überblick über die bekannten Bewertungsverfahren in verschiedenen Ländern. Neben der Beschreibung der gegenwärtigen deutschen Regeln wird gezeigt, welche Entwicklung die Anwendung von Belastungsversuchen in den USA in den letzten Jahren nahm und welche aktuellen Regeln dort bestehen. An praktischen Beispielen werden die deutschen und amerikanischen Regeln miteinander verglichen und Schlussfolgerungen zu Anforderungen an eine Neufassung der Richtlinie gezogen.Load testing – international state of the artFor 15 years load testing in Germany is regulated by the guideline of the Deutscher Ausschuss für Stahlbeton (DAfStb). Further research activity resulted in an improvement of the existing evaluation criteria. This and the introduction of the Eurocode into practice led to the need to revise the existing guideline. This paper summarizes the actual international rules for load testing and compares the different existing evaluation criteria. In addition to the description of the german standard, the actual development of the method of load testing in the USA is shown. Practical examples compare the German and American guidelines. It is concluded which requirements are demanded for the amendment of the guideline.
Überführungsbauwerk über die DB‐Strecke Frankfurt‐Fulda bei Hasselroth
Authors: Hauser Holger , Seitz Peter 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIm Zuge der Beseitigung eines beschrankten Bahnüberganges in der südwestlich von Gelnhausen gelegenen Gemeinde Hasselroth am Rande des Spessarts erfolgte der Neubau einer Umgehungstraße inkl. eines Brückenbauwerks, welches die DB Gleise zukünftig planfrei überführt. Die im Grundriss stark gekrümmte, 7‐feldrige, semi‐integrale Plattenbalkenbrücke wurde im bahnüberspannenden Mittelfeld in Stahlverbundbauweise und in den anschließenden Feldern in Spannbetonbauweise hergestellt. Links und rechts des Hauptfeldes treffen Stahlverbundüberbau, Spannbetonüberbau und die dort integrierten Pfeiler in einem Knotenpunkt zusammen. Aufgrund der äußerst beschränkten Abmessungen und der komplizierten geometrischen Verhältnisse stellte die konstruktive Lösung zur Vereinigung der drei Bauweisen Stahlbeton, Spannbeton und Stahlverbund in einem Punkt eine große Herausforderung für Planung und Ausführung dar.Railway crossing at Hasselroth – Special detailed design challengesIn order to eliminate a level crossing in the municipality of Hasselroth, a small town located southwest of Gelnhausen at the edge of the Spessart range, a bypass road including a grade‐separated crossing of the railway tracks was constructed. Fitting into a tightly curved alignment, the 7‐span, semi‐integral girder bridge was designed with a steel‐concrete composite cross‐section across the tracks while the other spans are made entirely of prestressed concrete. To either side of the main span the composite and prestressed concrete sections as well as the respective pier are joined into a single node. Due to the complicated geometry the connection of the three sections and materials (reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete and steel‐concrete composite) at a single point posed a very specific structural challenge.
Hochstraße Barkauer Kreuz in Kiel
Authors: Morgen Karl , Süfke Stephan , Keuser Manfred , Braml Thomas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Hochstraße Barkauer Kreuz wurde 1970/71 als Spannbetonbrücke mit einstegigem Plattenbalkenquerschnitt errichtet. Die Brücke weist sieben Felder mit Stützweiten bis zu 33,15 m und im Grundriss eine starke Krümmung auf. Die Nachrechnung der Brücke in den Stufen 1 und 2 gemäß der Nachrechnungsrichtlinie [1] zeigte, dass nahezu alle Nachweise geführt werden konnten. Lediglich an den Achsen B, C und D zeigten sich Defizite. Daher wurde hier eine Nachrechnung nach Stufe 4 auf der Grundlage einer Finite‐Element‐Berechnung durchgeführt und der Nachweis für Brückenklasse 60 erbracht. Zur Sicherstellung der langfristigen Nutzung wurden Sanierungsarbeiten erforderlich.Bridge across the Barkauer Crossing in Kiel – Recalculation and rehabilitation of a demanding prestressed concrete bridgeThe bridge across the Barkauer crossing was built in 19970/71 as a prestressed concrete bridge with a wide T‐beam cross section. The bridge has seven spans with span widths up to 33.15m and it is extremely curved in the ground section. The recalculation of the bridge on the levels 1 and 2 according to the German recalculation regulations [1] showed good results for most of the parts of the bridge. Deficits were found only in the axes B,C and D. Therefore a recalculation on level 4 was done, based on a FE‐calculation and the proof for bridge class 60 was obtained. For a safe long time use a rehabilitation was necessary.
Expression of exo‐inulinase gene from Aspergillus niger 12 in E. coli strain Rosetta‐gami B (DE3) and its characterization
Authors: Yedahalli Shreyas S. , Rehmann Lars , Bassi Amarjeet 
Published: February 2016

Inulin is a linear carbohydrate polymer of fructose subunits (2‐60) with terminal glucose units, produced as carbon storage in selected plants. It cannot directly be taken up by most microorganisms due to its large size, unless prior hydrolysis through inulinase enzymes occurs. The hydrolyzed inulin can be taken up by microbes and/or recovered and used industrially for the production of high fructose syrup, inulo‐oligosaccharides, biofuel, and nutraceuticals. Cell‐free enzymatic hydrolysis would be desirable for industrial applications, hence the recombinant expression, purification and characterization of an Aspergillus niger derived exo‐inulinase was investigated in this study. The eukaroyototic exo‐inulinase of Aspergillus niger 12 has been expressed, for the first time, in an E. coli strain [Rosetta‐gami B (DE3)]. The molecular weight of recombinant exo‐inulinase was estimated to be ∼81 kDa. The values of Km and Vmax of the recombinant exo‐inulinase toward inulin were 5.3 ± 1.1 mM and 402.1 ± 53.1 µmol min−1 mg−1 protein, respectively. Towards sucrose the corresponding values were 12.20 ± 1.6 mM and 902.8 ± 40.2 µmol min−1 mg−1 protein towards sucrose. The S/I ratio was 2.24 ± 0.7, which is in the range of native inulinase. The optimum temperature and pH of the recombinant exo‐inulinase towards inulin was 55°C and 5.0, while they were 50°C and 5.5 towards sucrose. The recombinant exo‐inulinase activity towards inulin was enhanced by Cu2+ and reduced by Fe2+, while its activity towards sucrose was enhanced by Co2+ and reduced by Zn2+. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:629–637, 2016
The influence of a learning to forgive programme on negative affect among mentally disordered offenders
Authors: Mela Mansfield , Baetz Marilyn , Marcoux Gene , Delury Daniel , Cooper Brent , Sajobi Tolulope T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials and meta‐analyses provide some evidence for effectiveness of forgiveness therapy delivered individually or in groups. To date, however, forgiveness therapy has not been evaluated with mentally disordered offenders. Given the high prevalence of experienced and perpetrated trauma among such people, this population may particularly benefit from such an intervention.AimThe aim of this study is to test the feasibility and impact of a ‘learn to forgive’ group programme among mentally disordered offenders on a specialist secure hospital setting.MethodsWe conducted a non‐randomised trial with 36 offenders with mental disorders and 29 comparison patients. The intervention group engaged in a six‐week manual‐based ‘learn to forgive’ treatment programme, while the comparison group watched a 90‐minute video on forgiveness. Both groups completed measures of anger, depression, stress, forgiveness and satisfaction with life at baseline and then 6 and 18 weeks later. A repeated measures mixed‐effects model was used to investigate the association between affective outcomes and type of intervention received, after adjusting for baseline characteristics.ResultsThe group completion rate was over 90%. The treatment and comparison groups were similar on baseline demographic and criminological measures, but the treatment group had higher baseline anger and depression scores. While both groups showed improved capacity to forgive and reduced negative affect over time, those in the ‘learn to forgive’ programme showed significantly more improvement in forgiveness and on anger measures.Conclusions and implications for practiceForgiveness training can be delivered effectively to offenders with mental disorders in clinical settings. Its range of benefits, including reduction I in anger as well as improved capacity to forgive, suggest that it may have longer term implications for personal safety and reintegration into mainstream societal settings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia: fulminant pancolitis
Authors: Kato Kazuya , Iwasaki Yoshiaki , Taniguchi Masahiko , Onodera Kazuhiko , Matsuda Minoru , Tamakawa Susumu , Furukawa Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2016

Key Clinical MessageNOMI is mesenteric hypoperfusion with reactive vascular spasms. Changes in the color of the mucosa may reflect the severity of the ischemia of the colon and the severity of prognosis. Even with surgery, the mortality rate is 75%. Diagnosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion.
Tuning the Electronic Properties of Acetylenic Fluorenes by Phosphaalkene Incorporation
Authors: Svyaschenko Yurii V. , Orthaber Andreas , Ott Sascha 
Published: February 2016

AbstractVersatile synthetic protocols for 2,7‐ and 3,6‐diacetylenic fluorene‐9‐ylidene phosphanes (F9Ps) were developed. Protodesilylation of trimethylsilyl‐protected acetylenic F9Ps affords terminal acetylenes that can be employed in Sonogashira and Glaser‐type C−C coupling reactions to give thienyl‐decorated and butadiyne‐bridged fluorene‐9‐ylidene phosphanes, respectively. As evidenced by UV/Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry and corroborated by ab initio calculations, the presence of the P center in the F9Ps induces a significantly reduced HOMO–LUMO splitting that originates from stabilization of the LUMO levels. Variation of the acetylene substitution pattern is an additional tool to influence the optical and electronic properties. Whereas 3,6‐disubstituted F9Ps have strong absorptions around 400 nm, mainly due to π–π* transitions, 2,7‐diacetylenic F9Ps exhibit longest‐wavelength absorptions that have significant charge‐transfer character with an onset around 520 nm.
Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Intermolecular Seleno‐ and Thioamination of Alkynes
Authors: Zheng Guangfan , Zhao Jinbo , Li Zhanyu , Zhang Qiao , Sun Jiaqiong , Sun Haizhu , Zhang Qian 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBy using N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide as both the oxidant and the amination reagent, we have realized the first example of the intermolecular chalcogenative amination of alkynes, which grants facile, highly regio‐ and stereoselective access to chalcogenated enamides. The reaction features mild conditions, high yields and selectivities, remarkably broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies indicate the in situ generated chalcogen imidates to be the actual reactive species, which in turn, has clarified the mechanism of related transformations. These reactions represent significant additions to the development of the highly selective amino bisfunctionalization of alkynes.
Dual Chemical Modification of a Polytheonamide Mimic: Rational Design and Synthesis of Ion‐Channel‐Forming 48‐mer Peptides with Potent Cytotoxicity
Authors: Hayata Atsushi , Itoh Hiroaki , Matsutaka Shoko , Inoue Masayuki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPolytheonamide B (1) is a natural peptide that displays potent cytotoxicity against P388 mouse leukemia cells (IC50=0.098 nm). Linear 48‐mer 1 is known to form monovalent cation channels on binding to lipid bilayers. We previously developed a fully synthetic route to 1, and then achieved the design and synthesis of a structurally simplified analogue of 1, namely, dansylated polytheonamide mimic 2. Although the synthetically more accessible 2 was found to emulate the channel function of 1, its cytotoxicity was decreased 120‐fold. Herein, the chemical preparation and biological evaluation of seven analogues 3–9 of 2 are reported. Compounds 3–9 were modified at their N terminus and/or the side chain of residue 44 of 2 to alter their physicochemical properties. The total synthesis of 3–9 was accomplished in a unified fashion by a combination of solid‐phase and solution‐phase chemistry. Systematic evaluation of the hydrophobicities, single‐channel currents, ion‐exchange activities, and cytotoxicities of 3–9 revealed that their hydrophobicities are correlated with the total magnitude of ion exchange and determine their cytotoxic potency. Consequently, the most hydrophobic analogue 9 exhibited the lowest IC50 value, which is comparable to that of 1. Therefore, these results clarified that the bioactivity of the polytheonamide‐based peptides can be rationally controlled by changing their hydrophobicity at the N and C termini of the 48‐amino‐acid sequence.
Planar Chiral Phosphoramidites with a Paracyclophane Scaffold: Synthesis, Gold(I) Complexes, and Enantioselective Cycloisomerization of Dienynes
Authors: Wu Zhiyong , Isaac Kévin , Retailleau Pascal , Betzer Jean‐François , Voituriez Arnaud , Marinetti Angela 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe key structural feature of the new phosphoramidites is a paracyclophane scaffold in which two aryl rings are tethered by both a 1,8‐biphenylene unit and a O−P−O bridge. Suitable aryl substituents generate planar chirality. The corresponding gold(I) complexes promote the cycloisomerization of prochiral nitrogen‐tethered dienynes. These reactions afford bicyclo[4.1.0]heptene derivatives displaying three contiguous stereogenic centers, with very high diastereoselectivity and up to 95 % ee.
Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Behavior of a Large‐Pore Zeolite with the IWV Framework
Authors: Schmidt Joel E. , Chen Cong‐Yan , Brand Stephen K. , Zones Stacey I. , Davis Mark E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLarge‐pore microporous materials are of great interest to process bulky hydrocarbon and biomass‐derived molecules. ITQ‐27 (IWV) has a two‐dimensional pore system bounded by 12‐membered rings (MRs) that lead to internal cross‐sections containing 14 MRs. Investigations into the catalytic behavior of aluminosilicate (zeolite) materials with this framework structure have been limited until now due to barriers in synthesis. The facile synthesis of aluminosilicate IWV in both hydroxide and fluoride media is reported herein using simple, diquaternary organic structure‐directing agents (OSDAs) that are based on tetramethylimidazole. In hydroxide media, a zeolite product with Si/Al=14.8–23.2 is obtained, while in fluoride media an aluminosilicate product with Si/Al up to 82 is synthesized. The material produced in hydroxide media is tested for the hydroisomerization of n‐hexane, and results from this test reaction suggest that the effective pore size of zeolites with the IWV framework structure is similar to but slightly larger than that of ZSM‐12 (MTW), in fairly good agreement with crystallographic data.
A Versatile CuII Metal–Organic Framework Exhibiting High Gas Storage Capacity with Selectivity for CO2: Conversion of CO2 to Cyclic Carbonate and Other Catalytic Abilities
Authors: De Dinesh , Pal Tapan K. , Neogi Subhadip , Senthilkumar S. , Das Debasree , Gupta Sayam Sen , Bharadwaj Parimal K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA linear tetracarboxylic acid ligand, H4L, with a pendent amine moiety solvothermally forms two isostructural metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) LM (M=ZnII, CuII). Framework LCu can also be obtained from LZn by post‐ synthetic metathesis without losing crystallinity. Compared with LZn, the LCu framework exhibits high thermal stability and allows removal of guest solvent and metal‐bound water molecules to afford the highly porous, LCu′. At 77 K, LCu′ absorbs 2.57 wt % of H2 at 1 bar, which increases significantly to 4.67 wt % at 36 bar. The framework absorbs substantially high amounts of methane (238.38 cm3 g−1, 17.03 wt %) at 303 K and 60 bar. The CH4 absorption at 303 K gives a total volumetric capacity of 166 cm3 (STP) cm−3 at 35 bar (223.25 cm3 g−1, 15.95 wt %). Interestingly, the NH2 groups in the linker, which decorate the channel surface, allow a remarkable 39.0 wt % of CO2 to be absorbed at 1 bar and 273 K, which comes within the dominion of the most famous MOFs for CO2 absorption. Also, LCu′ shows pronounced selectivity for CO2 absorption over CH4, N2, and H2 at 273 K. The absorbed CO2 can be converted to value‐added cyclic carbonates under relatively mild reaction conditions (20 bar, 120 °C). Finally, LCu′ is found to be an excellent heterogeneous catalyst in regioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions (“click” reactions) and provides an efficient, economic route for the one‐pot synthesis of structurally divergent propargylamines through three‐component coupling of alkynes, amines, and aldehydes.
K2Mn4O8/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Excellent Lithium Storage and Adsorption of Lead Ions
Authors: Hao Shu‐Meng , Qu Jin , Yang Jing , Gui Chen‐Xi , Wang Qian‐Qian , Li Qian‐Jie , Li Xiaofeng , Yu Zhong‐Zhen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIon diffusion efficiency at the solid–liquid interface is an important factor for energy storage and adsorption from aqueous solution. Although K2Mn4O8 (KMO) exhibits efficient ion diffusion and ion‐exchange capacities, due to its high interlayer space of 0.70 nm, how to enhance its mass transfer performance is still an issue. Herein, novel layered KMO/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites are fabricated through the anchoring of KMO nanoplates on RGO with a mild solution process. The face‐to‐face structure facilitates fast transfer of lithium and lead ions; thus leading to excellent lithium storage and lead ion adsorption. The anchoring of KMO on RGO not only increases electrical conductivity of the layered nanocomposites, but also effectively prevents aggregation of KMO nanoplates. The KMO/RGO nanocomposite with an optimal RGO content exhibits a first cycle charge capacity of 739 mA h g−1, which is much higher than that of KMO (326 mA h g−1). After 100 charge–discharge cycles, it still retains a charge capacity of 664 mA h g−1. For the adsorption of lead ions, the KMO/RGO nanocomposite exhibits a capacity of 341 mg g−1, which is higher than those of KMO (305 mg g−1) and RGO (63 mg g−1) alone.
Unravelling Mechanistic Aspects of the Gas‐Phase Ethanol Conversion: An Experimental and Computational Study on the Thermal Reactions of MO2+ (M=Mo, W) with Ethanol
Authors: González‐Navarrete Patricio , Schlangen Maria , Wu Xiao‐Nan , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe ion/molecule reactions of molybdenum and tungsten dioxide cations with ethanol have been studied by Fourier transform ion‐cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Dehydration of ethanol has been found as the dominant reaction channel, while generation of the ethyl cation corresponds to a minor product. Cleary, the reactions are mainly governed by the Lewis acidity of the metal center. Computational results, together with isotopic labeling experiments, show that the dehydration of ethanol can proceed either through a conventional concerted [1,2]‐elimination mechanism or a step‐wise process; the latter occurs via a hydroxyethoxy intermediate. Formation of C2H5+ takes place by transfer of OH− from ethanol to the metal center of MO2+. The molybdenum and tungsten dioxide cations exhibit comparable reactivities toward ethanol, and this is reflected in similar reaction rate constants and branching ratios.