bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural hybridization between Torreya jackii and T. grandis (Taxaceae) in southeast China
Authors: Kou Yi‐Xuan , Xiao Kun , Lai Xiao‐Rong , Wang Yu‐Jin , Zhang Zhi‐Yong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe recognition of natural hybridization can help to understand the origin and maintenance of biodiversity. Based on intermediate morphology and overlapped distribution, Torreya grandis var. jiulongshanensis Z. Y. Li, Z. C. Tang & N. Kang was regarded as a putative natural hybrid between T. jackii Chun and T. grandis Fort. ex Lindl. in southeast China. This study tested the hybridization origin of T. grandis var. jiulongshanensis using nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytoplasm (chloroplast rbcL and rpl16 and mitochondrial rps3) DNA sequences. The results showed that most heterozygous sites of nuclear ITS sequences in T. grandis var. jiulongshanensis showed additivity between T. jackii and T. grandis. Cloned ITS sequences of T. grandis var. jiulongshanensis separately clustered with T. jackii and T. grandis in the phylogenetic analyses. Meanwhile, all of chloroplast and mitochondrial haplotypes of T. grandis var. jiulongshanensis were identical to those of T. jackii, not T. grandis. On the chloroplast DNA phylogenetic trees, T. grandis var. jiulongshanensis were grouped into the clade of T. jackii. These results suggest that T. grandis var. jiulongshanensis is a natural hybrid between T. jackii (maternal parent) and T. grandis (paternal parent). This study also implies that T. grandis should be cultivated with caution near the sites of T. jackii, because the endangered status of the latter might be deteriorated due to hybridization.
Anthropogenic food resources foster the coexistence of distinct life history strategies: year‐round sedentary and migratory brown bears
Authors: Cozzi G. , Chynoweth M. , Kusak J. , Çoban E. , Çoban A. , Ozgul A. , Şekercioğlu Ç. H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPlastic behavioral adaptation to human activities can result in the enhancement and establishment of distinct behavioral types within a population. Such inter‐individual behavioral variations, if unaccounted for, can lead to biases in our understanding of species' feeding habits, movement pattern and habitat selection. We tracked the movements of 16 adult brown bears in a small and isolated population in north‐east Turkey to (1) identify inter‐individual behavioral variations associated with the use of a garbage dump and (2) to examine how these variations influenced ranging patterns, movements behavior and habitat selection. We identified two remarkably distinct behavioral types: bears that regularly visited the dump and remained sedentary year‐round and bears that never visited the dump and migrated 165.7 ± 20.1 km (round‐trip mean cumulative distance ± se) prior to hibernation to search for food. We demonstrated that during migratory trips, bears moved more rapidly and were less selective in habitat choice than during the sedentary phase; during the migration phase, forest cover was the only important environmental characteristic. Our results thus reinforce the growing evidence that animals’ use of the landscape largely changes according to movement phase. Our study shows that anthropogenic food resources can influence food habits, which can have cascading effects on movement patterns and hence habitat selection, ultimately resulting in the establishment of distinct behavioral types within a population. Identification and consideration of these behavioral types is thus fundamental for the correct implementation of evidence‐based conservation strategies at the population level.
Childhood Markers of Health Behavior Relate to Hippocampal Health, Memory, and Academic Performance
Authors: Hassevoort Kelsey M. , Khan Naiman A. , Hillman Charles H. , Cohen Neal J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThere has been an increasing body of evidence that a variety of factors, including physical activity, nutrition, and body composition, have a relationship with brain structure and function in school‐aged children. Within the brain, the hippocampus is particularly sensitive to modulation by these lifestyle factors. This brain structure is known to be critical in learning and memory, and, we suggest, for progress in the classroom. Accordingly, the aims of this article include (1) examining the role of hippocampus and hippocampal‐dependent memory in supporting academic performance; (2) reviewing the literature related to the associations between hippocampal‐dependent memory and a number of lifestyle factors, including physical activity, nutrition, and body composition; and (3) discussing the implications of these findings in an educational setting. The findings discussed suggest that, through interventions that target these lifestyle factors, it may be possible to improve hippocampal function and academic performance in school‐aged children.
Exposure to mass media and interpersonal counseling has additive effects on exclusive breastfeeding and its psychosocial determinants among Vietnamese mothers
Authors: Nguyen Phuong H. , Kim Sunny S. , Nguyen Tuan T. , Hajeebhoy Nemat , Tran Lan M. , Alayon Silvia , Ruel Marie T. , Rawat Rahul , Frongillo Edward A. , Menon Purnima 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe pathways through which behavior change interventions impact breastfeeding practices have not been well studied. This study aimed to examine: (1) the effects of exposure to mass media and interpersonal counseling on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and hypothesized psychosocial determinants (i.e. knowledge, intention, beliefs, social norms, and self‐efficacy); and (2) the pathways through which exposure to mass media and interpersonal counseling are associated with EBF. We used survey data from mothers with children < 2 year (n = 2045) from the 2013 process evaluation of Alive & Thrive's program in Viet Nam. Multiple linear regression analyses and structural equation modeling were used to estimate effects. Exposure to mass media only, interpersonal counseling only, both or neither was 51%, 5%, 19% and 25%, respectively. Exposure to both mass media and interpersonal counseling had additive effects on EBF as well as on related psychosocial factors, compared with no exposure. For example, EBF prevalence was 26.1 percentage points (pp) higher in the group that received interpersonal counseling only, 3.9 pp higher in the mass media group and 31.8 pp higher in the group that received both interventions. As hypothesized, more than 90% of the total effect of the two interventions on EBF was explained by the psychosocial factors measured. Our findings suggest that combining different behavior change interventions leads to greater changes in psychosocial factors, which in turn positively affects breastfeeding behaviors.
The protein acyltransferase Pat post‐transcriptionally controls HilD to repress Salmonella invasion
Authors: Hung Chien‐Che , Eade Colleen R. , Altier Craig 
Published: June 2016

SummaryN‐Lysine acylation is a post‐translational modification important for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to control a wide array of cellular functions. Here we demonstrate that the protein acyltransferase Pat regulates genes on Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI1) that are required for the invasion of the intestinal epithelium. Mutation of pat slightly increased spleen colonization by Salmonella in streptomycin‐treated mice, with more of the pat mutant reaching the spleen than the wild type strain. Growth of Salmonella under specific conditions selectively induced expression of Pat, and deletion of pat increased SPI1 gene expression under the same growth conditions. In addition, over‐expression of Pat repressed SPI1 expression and bacterial entry into epithelial cells. These results demonstrate that Salmonella invasion is negatively controlled by Pat. Regulation of the SPI1 central regulator HilD was essential for Pat to exert its effects. The control of HilD by Pat was through post‐transcriptional mechanisms, moderately repressing hilD translation while significantly reducing HilD stability. Additionally, growth of Salmonella in the presence of histone deacetylases inhibitors reduced expression of SPI1 by affecting HilD stability, supporting the concept that altering the stability of this regulator is required for Pat to control Salmonella invasion.
Redescription of Amblyomma integrum adults and immature stages
Authors: APANASKEVICH D. A. , BANDARANAYAKA K. O. , APANASKEVICH M. A. , RAJAKARUNA R. S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAmblyomma integrum Karsch, 1879 (Acari: Ixodidae) is one of four Amblyomma Koch, 1844 species with eyes found in southern India and Sri Lanka. The immature stages of this species were poorly described. Therefore, accurate identification is difficult. Here we re‐describe the male, female, nymph and larva of A. integrum and illustrate all the stages in greater detail for the first time. A set of diagnostic morphological characters is defined to distinguish this species from other sympatric species of eyed Amblyomma in any parasitic stage of development. Adults of A. integrum parasitize mostly various larger mammals whereas nymphs and larvae use mostly larger and medium mammals. Amblyomma integrum is recorded from India (Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Orissa and Tamil Nadu States) and throughout Sri Lanka.
Sequential incremental doses of bisacodyl increase the diagnostic accuracy of colonic manometry
Authors: Borrelli O. , Pescarin M. , Saliakellis E. , Tambucci R. , Quitadamo P. , Valitutti F. , Rybak A. , Lindley K. J. , Thapar N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundColonic manometry is the standard diagnostic modality for evaluating colonic motility in children. Intraluminal bisacodyl is routinely used to trigger high‐amplitude propagating contractions (HAPCs), a feature of normal colonic motility. Usually, only a single dose (0.2 mg/kg) is suggested. We retrospectively explored whether the use of an additional higher (0.4 mg/kg) dose of bisacodyl increases the yield of colonic manometry.MethodsIn 103 children (median age: 8.8 years, range 3.2–15.7 years) with a diagnosis of slow transit constipation, colonic motility was recorded for 1 h before and 1 h after each of two incremental doses of bisacodyl (low, L, dose: 0.2 mg/kg, max 10 mg; high, H, dose: 0.4 mg/kg, max 20 mg) and the characteristics of HAPCs analyzed.Key ResultsHigh‐amplitude propagating contractions were seen in 85 children. H dose significantly increased the proportion of patients with fully propagated HAPCs (H dose: 57/103 [55%], L dose: 27/103 [26%], p < 0.001), paralleling the significant decrease in the proportion with partially propagated HAPCs (H dose: 29/103 [28%], L dose: 47/103 [46%], p < 0.01). Mean HAPC number significantly increased throughout the colon at H compared to L dose (7.2 ± 5.05 vs 5.6 ± 5.1, p < 0.05). Finally, the proportion of patients with normal pressure wave morphology of HAPCs significantly increased with higher dose (H dose: 55/85 [65%], L dose: 27/85 [32%], p < 0.001).Conclusions & InterferencesAn additional higher dose of bisacodyl during colonic manometry improves colonic neuromuscular function suggesting its use might improve interpretation and decision making in children with slow transit constipation.
Oral drug therapy following bariatric surgery: an overview of fundamentals, literature and clinical recommendations
Authors: Azran Carmil , Wolk Omri , Zur Moran , Fine‐Shamir Noa , Shaked Gad , Czeiger David , Sebbag Gilbert , Kister Olga , Langguth Peter , Dahan Arik 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBariatric surgery is the most effective solution for severe obesity and obesity with comorbidities, and the number of patients going through bariatric surgery is rapidly and constantly growing. The modified gastrointestinal anatomy of the patient may lead to significant pharmacokinetic alterations in the oral absorption of drugs after the surgery; however, because of insufficient available literature and inadequate awareness of the medical team, bariatric surgery patients may be discharged from the hospital with insufficient instructions regarding their medication therapy. In this article, we aim to present the various mechanisms by which bariatric surgery may influence oral drug absorption, to provide an overview of the currently available literature on the subject, and to draw guidelines for the recommendations bariatric surgery patients should be instructed before leaving the hospital. To date, and until more robust data are published, it is essential to follow and monitor patients closely for safety and efficacy of their medication therapies, both in the immediate and distant time post‐surgery.
Plasma membrane proteomics in the maize primary root growth zone: novel insights into root growth adaptation to water stress
Authors: Voothuluru Priyamvada , Anderson Jeffrey C. , Sharp Robert E. , Peck Scott C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPrevious work on maize (Zea mays L.) primary root growth under water stress showed that cell elongation is maintained in the apical region of the growth zone but progressively inhibited further from the apex. These responses involve spatially differential and coordinated regulation of osmotic adjustment, modification of cell wall extensibility, and other cellular growth processes that are required for root growth under water‐stressed conditions. As the interface between the cytoplasm and the apoplast (including the cell wall), the plasma membrane likely plays critical roles in these responses. Using a simplified method for enrichment of plasma membrane proteins, the developmental distribution of plasma membrane proteins was analysed in the growth zone of well‐watered and water‐stressed maize primary roots. The results identified 432 proteins with differential abundances in well‐watered and water‐stressed roots. The majority of changes involved region‐specific patterns of response, and the identities of the water stress‐responsive proteins suggest involvement in diverse biological processes including modification of sugar and nutrient transport, ion homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and cell wall composition. Integration of the distinct, region‐specific plasma membrane protein abundance patterns with results from previous physiological, transcriptomic and cell wall proteomic studies reveals novel insights into root growth adaptation to water stress.
Safety and efficacy of cryopreserved autologous platelet concentrates in HLA‐alloimmunized patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Gerber Bernhard , Alberio Lorenzo , Rochat Sophie , Stenner Frank , Manz Markus G. , Buser Andy , Schanz Urs , Stussi Georg 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDCurative chemotherapy approaches in patients with malignancies and platelet (PLT) transfusion refractoriness due to alloimmunization may be hampered by the lack of suitable PLT donors. For these patients, transfusion of cryopreserved autologous PLTs is an option, but is time‐ and resource‐consuming. We aimed at further simplifying this process.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA retrospective single‐center analysis was conducted on the transfusion of cryopreserved autologous PLTs in nine female alloimmunized, PLT transfusion–refractory patients treated for acute leukemia (n = 8) and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 1). No additional processing was used before transfusion, and most notably, washing and centrifugation steps were omitted. Clinical efficacy and safety, as well as a flow cytometric assessment of structural and functional PLT changes, were analyzed.RESULTSA total of 40 autologous PLT concentrates were thawed at bedside and transfused a median of 32 (range, 9 to 994) days after cryopreservation. No major bleeds and no severe dimethyl sulfoxide toxicity were observed. The median PLT count increments did not differ 1 and 18 to 24 hours after transfusion and reached 6 × 109/L (interquartile range [IQR], 3 × 109−7.5 × 109/L) and 6 × 109/L (IQR, 2.5 × 109−9.5 × 109/L), respectively. Cryopreservation resulted in partial activation of one‐third of the PLTs. In vitro stimulation with strong agonists induced additional full activation of cryopreserved PLTs: median, 55% (IQR, 42%‐60%) after thrombin and 39% (IQR, 36%‐39%) after convulxin.CONCLUSIONThe transfusion of cryopreserved autologous PLTs is feasible and safe. Despite the cryopreservation process, PLT functionality is partially maintained.
Cell-Free versus Cell-to-Cell Infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1: Exploring the Link among Viral Source, Viral Trafficking, and Viral Replication
Authors: Dutartre Hélène , Clavière Mathieu , Journo Chloé , Mahieux Renaud 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) are complex retroviruses mainly infecting CD4
+
T lymphocytes. In addition, antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) are targeted
in vivo
by both viruses, although to a lesser extent. Interaction of HIV-1 with DCs plays a key role in viral dissemination from the mucosa to CD4
+
T lymphocytes present in lymphoid organs. While similar mechanisms may occur for HTLV-1 as well, most HTLV-1 data were obtained from T-cell studies, and little is known regarding the trafficking of this virus in DCs. We first compared the efficiency of cell-free versus cell-associated viral sources of both retroviruses at infecting DCs. We showed that both HIV-1 and HTLV-1 cell-free particles are poorly efficient at productively infecting DCs, except when DC-SIGN has been engaged. Furthermore, while SAMHD-1 accounts for restriction of cell-free HIV-1 infection, it is not involved in HTLV-1 restriction. In addition, cell-free viruses lead mainly to a nonproductive DC infection, leading to
trans
-infection of T-cells, a process important for HIV-1 spread but not for that of HTLV-1. Finally, we show that T-DC cell-to-cell transfer implies viral trafficking in vesicles that may both increase productive infection of DCs (“
cis
-infection”) and allow viral escape from immune surveillance. Altogether, these observations allowed us to draw a model of HTLV-1 and HIV-1 trafficking in DCs.
BZLF1 Attenuates Transmission of Inflammatory Paracrine Senescence in Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected Cells by Downregulating Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha
Authors: Long Xubing , Li Yuqing , Yang Mengtian , Huang Lu , Gong Weijie , Kuang Ersheng 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent studies have shown that inflammatory responses trigger and transmit senescence to neighboring cells and activate the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection induces increased secretion of several inflammatory factors, whereas lytic infections evade the antiviral inflammatory response. However, the changes in and roles of the inflammatory microenvironment during the switch between EBV life cycles remain unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that latent EBV infection in EBV-positive cells triggers the SASP in neighboring epithelial cells. In contrast, lytic EBV infection abolishes this phenotype. BZLF1 attenuates the transmission of paracrine senescence during lytic EBV infection by downregulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion. A mutant BZLF1 protein, BZLF1Δ207-210, that cannot inhibit TNF-α secretion while maintaining viral transcription, fails to block paracrine senescence, whereas a neutralizing antibody against TNF-α is sufficient to restore its inhibition. Furthermore, latent EBV infection induces oxidative stress in neighboring cells, while BZLF1-mediated downregulation of TNF-α reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in neighboring cells, and ROS scavengers alleviate paracrine senescence. These results suggest that lytic EBV infection attenuates the transmission of inflammatory paracrine senescence through BZLF1 downregulation of TNF-α secretion and alters the inflammatory microenvironment to allow virus propagation and persistence.

IMPORTANCE
The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), an important tumorigenic process, is triggered and transmitted by inflammatory factors. The different life cycles of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in EBV-positive cells employ distinct strategies to modulate the inflammatory response and senescence. The elevation of inflammatory factors during latent EBV infection promotes the SASP in uninfected cells. In contrast, during the viral lytic cycle, BZLF1 suppresses the production of TNF-α, resulting in the attenuation of paracrine inflammatory senescence. This finding indicates that EBV evades inflammatory senescence during lytic infection and switches from facilitating tumor-promoting SASP to generating a virus-propagating microenvironment, thereby facilitating viral spread in EBV-associated diseases.
cGAS-STING Signaling Regulates Initial Innate Control of Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Lio Chan-Wang J. , McDonald Bryan , Takahashi Mariko , Dhanwani Rekha , Sharma Nikita , Huang Jenny , Pham Elise , Benedict Chris A. , Sharma Sonia 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Several innate sensing pathways contribute to the control of early cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, leading to a multiphasic type I interferon (IFN-I) response that limits viral replication and promotes host defenses. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent pathways induce IFN-I production in CMV-infected plasmacytoid dendritic cells; however, the initial burst of IFN-I that occurs within the first few hours
in vivo
is TLR independent and emanates from stromal cells. Here we show that primary human endothelial cells mount robust IFN-I responses to human CMV that are dependent upon cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), STING, and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling. Disruption of STING expression in endothelial cells by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 revealed that it is essential for the induction of IFN-I and restriction of CMV replication. Consistently, STING was necessary to mount the first phase of IFN-I production and curb CMV replication in infected mice. Thus, DNA sensing through STING is critical for primary detection of both human and mouse CMV in nonhematopoietic cells and drives the initial wave of IFN-I that is key for controlling early viral replication
in vivo
.

IMPORTANCE
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most common viral pathogens, with the majority of people contracting the virus in their lifetime. Although acute infection is mostly asymptomatic in healthy persons, significant pathology is observed in immunocompromised individuals, and chronic CMV infection may exacerbate a myriad of inflammatory conditions. Here we show that primary human endothelial cells mount robust IFN-I responses against CMV via a cGAS/STING/IRF3 pathway. Disruption of STING expression by CRISPRs revealed an essential role in eliciting IFN-I responses and restricting CMV replication. Consistently, in mice, STING is necessary for the first phase of IFN-I production that limits early CMV replication. Our results demonstrate a pivotal role for the cGAS-STING pathway in the initial detection of CMV infection.