bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in white matter microstructure predict lithium response in adolescents with bipolar disorder
Authors: Kafantaris Vivian , Spritzer Linda , Doshi Vishal , Saito Ema , Szeszko Philip R 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate whether response to lithium treatment in pediatric bipolar disorder can be predicted by changes in white matter microstructure in key cortico‐limbic tracts involved in emotion regulation.MethodsEighteen clinically referred lithium‐naive patients (mean age 15.5 years) were administered clinical rating scales and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) examinations at baseline and following 4 weeks of lithium treatment. Clinical ratings were repeated following 8 weeks of treatment. Patients with Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) ratings of 1 (“very much improved”) or 2 (“much improved”) were classified as responders. Ten healthy volunteers received baseline and follow‐up DTI examinations. Using the ENIGMA pipeline, we investigated the relationship between changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the cingulum hippocampus (CGH) and clinical response to lithium.ResultsPatients demonstrated significantly lower FA compared to healthy volunteers in the left and right CGH white matter at baseline. Following 4 weeks of lithium treatment, FA in the left CGH increased in patients, but no significant changes in FA were observed among the untreated healthy volunteers. Lithium responders had a significantly greater increase in FA compared to non‐responders. Moreover, baseline (pre‐treatment) FA in the left CGH white matter significantly predicted week 8 overall CGI severity score, with post hoc analyses indicating that these effects were evident for both severity of depression and mania.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that response to lithium treatment in pediatric bipolar disorder is associated with normalization of white matter microstructure in regions associated with emotion processing.
A GLM-based Latent Variable Ordination Method for Microbiome Samples
Authors: Sohn Michael B. , Li Hongzhe 
Published: October 2017

Summary
Distance-based ordination methods, such as principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), are widely used in the analysis of microbiome data. However, these methods are prone to pose a potential risk of misinterpretation about the compositional difference in samples across different populations if there is a difference in dispersion effects. Accounting for high sparsity and overdispersion of microbiome data, we propose a GLM-based Ordination Method for Microbiome Samples (GOMMS) in this article. This method uses a zero-inflated quasi–Poisson (ZIQP) latent factor model. An EM algorithm based on the quasi-likelihood is developed to estimate parameters. It performs comparatively to the distance-based approach when dispersion effects are negligible and consistently better when dispersion effects are strong, where the distance-based approach sometimes yields undesirable results. The estimated latent factors from GOMMS can be used to associate the microbiome community with covariates or outcomes using the standard multivariate tests, which can be investigated in future confirmatory experiments. We illustrate the method in simulations and an analysis of microbiome samples from nasopharynx and oropharynx.
Neuropsychiatric comorbidity among adolescents with psoriasis
Authors: Galili E. , Barzilai A. , Shreberk-Hassidim R. , Merdler I. , Caspi T. , Astman N. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundPsoriasis is a known risk factor for neuropsychiatric diseases among adults. Less is known about the impact on adolescents.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between psoriasis and neuropsychiatric comorbidity and social skills among adolescents.MethodsA population-based cross-sectional study between 1 January 1999 and 1 January 2014 was conducted. The study included 1746 and 1366 adolescents (aged 16 to 18) with mild and moderate-to-severe psoriasis, respectively. The psoriasis patients were diagnosed by a dermatologist. Neuropsychiatric diseases were diagnosed by a neurologist and a psychiatrist, as appropriate. Social skills were evaluated using psychosocial assessment. Patients with psoriasis were compared with 884 653 healthy controls by a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, country of origin, socioeconomic status, cognitive skills and body mass index. A subgroup evaluation was done for comorbidity that could only be evaluated for part of the recruitment years, using a univariate analysis.ResultsOverall chronic headaches (8·1% vs. 3·4%), intermediate frequency migraine (4·8% vs. 1·6%), low-frequency migraine and nonmigraine headaches (3·4% vs. 1·8%) were associated with moderate-to-severe psoriasis only compared with healthy controls [adjusted odds ratios (OR) 1·9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·6–2·4; 2·3, 95% CI 1·8–3·0 and 1·5, 95% CI 1·1–2·1, respectively]. Anxiety disorders (2·1% vs. 0·8%) and impaired social adjustment skills (7·5% vs. 4·2%) were also associated with moderate-to-severe psoriasis only compared with healthy controls [adjusted ORs 2·9, 95% CI 1·6–5·5 and 1·9, 95% CI 1·3–2·6 (of 466 vs. 265 023), respectively].ConclusionsPsoriasis among adolescents is associated with neuropsychiatric comorbidity and impaired adjustment skills, depending on disease severity.
The prevalence of psychological comorbidity in people with vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Osinubi O. , Grainge M.J. , Hong L. , Ahmed A. , Batchelor J.M. , Grindlay D. , Thompson A.R. , Ratib S. 
Published: October 2017

Summary

Background
Vitiligo is a chronic disorder causing skin depigmentation with global prevalence varying from 0·2% to 1·8%. U.K. guidelines recommend assessment of psychological state during clinical evaluation of vitiligo. However, the prevalence of psychological comorbidity in people with vitiligo has not been described.

Objectives
To establish the prevalence of psychological symptoms or disorders in people with vitiligo and describe the outcome measures used.

Methods
We performed a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO to identify observational studies assessing the prevalence of psychological symptoms or disorders (December 2016). DerSimonian and Lard random-effects models were used to estimate the overall pooled prevalence.

Results
We identified 29 studies with 2530 people with vitiligo. Most studies included a measure of either depression (n =25) or anxiety (n =13). The commonest tools were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Centre for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale. Ten studies provided information on 13 other psychological outcomes. Pooled prevalence using depression-specific and anxiety-specific questionnaires was 0·29 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·21–0·38] and 0·33 (95% CI 0·18–0·49), respectively. Prevalence was lower for clinically diagnosed depression (0·21, 95% CI 0·15–0·28) and anxiety (0·15, 95% CI 0·06–0·24). When nonspecific tools were used the prevalence remained similar for depression (0·27, 95% CI 0·08–0·46) but increased for anxiety (0·46, 95% CI 0·39–0·52). High heterogeneity was observed.

Conclusions
A range of psychological outcomes are common in people with vitiligo. The prevalence of anxiety was influenced by type of screening tool, suggesting the need for validation of psychological outcome screening tools in the field of dermatology.
Immunoparesis defined by heavy+light chain suppression is a novel marker of long‐term outcomes in cardiac AL amyloidosis
Authors: Sachchithanantham Sajitha , Berlanga Oscar , Alvi Azra , Mahmood Shameem A. , Lachmann Helen J. , Gillmore Julian D. , Hawkins Philip N. , Harding Stephen , Wechalekar Ashutosh D. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryCardiac involvement and presenting dFLC (difference between involved and uninvolved free light chains) are independent predictors of outcome in systemic AL amyloidosis. These markers have limited prognostic utility in patients surviving the initial months following diagnosis. Here we assessed immunoparesis, as determined by novel heavy+light chain (HLC) immunoassays, as a prognostic marker for survival in AL amyloidosis. HLC measurements identified immunoparesis of at least one immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype in 145 (85%) patients; and severe immunoparesis (≥2 Ig isotypes suppressed by >50% below normal levels) in 29 (17%) patients. Median overall survival (OS) on intention to treat (ITT) analysis was 26·2 months. In the ITT cohort, dFLC >180 mg/l was associated with shorter OS (P = 0·05); whereas HLC immunoparesis was not prognostic. On a landmark analysis of 127 patients alive at 6 months, presenting dFLC was not prognostic for OS (P = 0·33) and severe HLC immunoparesis trended towards poorer survival (20·2 vs. 42·8 months; P = 0·09). In the subset of patients with cardiac involvement, severe HLC immunoparesis conferred very poor outcome (median OS 8·8 vs. 29·9 months, P = 0·007). In conclusion, severe HLC immunoparesis is an independent marker of long‐term poor prognosis in AL patients with cardiac involvement. The pathophysiological significance of this observation needs further study.
Impact of low alcohol verbal descriptors on perceived strength: An experimental study
Authors: Vasiljevic Milica , Couturier Dominique‐Laurent , Marteau Theresa M. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesLow alcohol labels are a set of labels that carry descriptors such as ‘low’ or ‘lighter’ to denote alcohol content in beverages. There is growing interest from policymakers and producers in lower strength alcohol products. However, there is a lack of evidence on how the general population perceives verbal descriptors of strength. The present research examines consumers’ perceptions of strength (%ABV) and appeal of alcohol products using low or high alcohol verbal descriptors.DesignA within‐subjects experimental study in which participants rated the strength and appeal of 18 terms denoting low (nine terms), high (eight terms) and regular (one term) strengths for either (1) wine or (2) beer according to drinking preference.MethodsThousand six hundred adults (796 wine and 804 beer drinkers) sampled from a nationally representativeUKpanel.ResultsLow, Lower, Light, Lighter,andReducedformed a cluster and were rated as denoting lower strength products thanRegular, but higher strength than the cluster with intensifiers consisting ofExtra Low, Super Low, Extra Light,andSuper Light. Similar clustering in perceived strength was observed amongst the high verbal descriptors.Regularwas the most appealing strength descriptor, with the low and high verbal descriptors using intensifiers rated least appealing.ConclusionsThe perceived strength and appeal of alcohol products diminished the more the verbal descriptors implied a deviation fromRegular. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of policy implications for lower strength alcohol labelling and associated public health outcomes.Statement of contributionWhat is already known about this subject?Current UK and EU legislation limits the number of low strength verbal descriptors and the associated alcohol by volume (ABV) to 1.2% ABV and lower.There is growing interest from policymakers and producers to extend the range of lower strength alcohol products above the current cap of 1.2% ABV set out in national legislation.There is a lack of evidence on how the general population perceives verbal descriptors of alcohol product strength (both low and high).What does this study add?Verbal descriptors of lower strength wine and beer form two clusters and effectively communicate reduced alcohol content.Low, Lower, Light, Lighter,andReducedwere considered lower in strength thanRegular(average %ABV).Descriptors using intensifiers (Extra Low, Super Low, Extra Light,andSuper Light) were considered lowest in strength.Similar clustering in perceived strength was observed amongst the high verbal descriptors.The appeal of alcohol products reduced the more the verbal descriptors implied a deviation fromRegular.
Multiple growth periods predict unfavourable pathology in patients with small renal masses
Authors: Jang Alex , Patel Hiten D. , Riffon Mark , Gorin Michael A. , Semerjian Alice , Johnson Michael H. , Allaf Mohamad E. , Pierorazio Phillip M. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo use the number of positive growth periods as a characterization of the growth of small renal masses in order to determine potential predictors of malignancy.Patients and MethodsPatients who underwent axial imaging at multiple time points prior to surgical resection for a small renal mass were queried. Patients were categorized based on their pathological tumour grade and stage: favourable (benign, chromophobe and low‐grade pT1–2 renal cell carcinoma [RCC]) vs unfavourable (high‐grade of any stage and low‐grade pT3–4 RCC). A positive growth period was counted each time the difference in greatest tumour diameters between two images was positive. The Cochran–Armitage trend test and Somers' D association were used to determine if the number of positive growth periods was correlated with unfavourable pathology.ResultsOf the 124 patients, 86 (69.4%) had favourable pathology and 38 (30.6%) had unfavourable pathology. Those who had favourable pathology were younger than those who had unfavourable pathology: median (interquartile range [IQR]) 61.0 (52.2–66.0) vs 68.5 (61.5–77.0); P < 0.001. The overall growth rate was higher in the unfavourable group, but was not statistically significant: mean (sd) 0.7 (1.7) vs 1.6 (2.8) cm/year; P = 0.07. There was a significant trend difference in the number of positive growth periods between favourability groups (P = 0.02). An association between increased number of positive growth periods and unfavourable pathology was observed: 0.15 (95% confidence interval 0.02, 0.29). The ratios of favourable to unfavourable pathology were 1.8, 1.0, 0.66, 0.59 and 0 as the number of positive growth periods increased from 0 to 4, respectively.ConclusionWhile overall growth rate was not predictive of pathology favourability, there was a positive association between the number of positive growth periods and unfavourable pathology. The number of positive growth periods may be a potential parameter for malignant potential in patients undergoing active surveillance for small renal masses.
Astroblastoma: a distinct tumor entity characterized by alterations of the X chromosome and MN1 rearrangement
Authors: Hirose Takanori , Nobusawa Sumihito , Sugiyama Kazuhiko , Amatya Vishwa J. , Fujimoto Naomi , Sasaki Atsushi , Mikami Yoshiki , Kakita Akiyoshi , Tanaka Shinya , Yokoo Hideaki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAstroblastoma is a rare, enigmatic tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) which shares some clinicopathologic aspects with other CNS tumors, especially ependymoma. To further clarify the nature of astroblastoma, we performed clinicopathologic and molecular genetic studies on eight cases of astroblastoma. The median age of the patients was 14.5 years, ranging from 5 to 60 years, and seven of the patients were female. All tumors arose in the cerebral hemisphere and radiologically appeared to be well‐bordered, nodular tumors often associated with cystic areas and contrast‐enhancement. Six of the seven patients with prognosis data survived without recurrences during the follow‐up periods ranging from six to 76 months. One patient had multiple recurrences and died six years later. All tumors exhibited salient microscopic features, such as being well demarcated from the surrounding brain tissue, perivascular arrangement of epithelioid tumor cells (represented by “astroblastic” pseudorosettes, trabecular alignment, and pseudopapillary patterns), and hyalinized blood vessels. Immunoreactivity for GFAP, S‐100 protein, Olig2, and EMA was variably demonstrated in all tumors, and IDH1 R132H and L1CAM were negative. Array comparative genomic hybridization revealed numerous heterozygous deletions on chromosome X in the four tumors studied, and break‐apart fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated rearrangement of MN1 in five tumors with successful testing. The characteristic clinicopathologic and genetic findings support the idea that astroblastoma is distinct from other CNS tumors, in particular, ependymoma. In addition, MN1 rearrangement and aberrations of chromosome X may partly be involved in the pathogenesis of astroblastoma.
Epithelioid glioblastomas stratify into established diagnostic subsets upon integrated molecular analysis
Authors: Korshunov Andrey , Chavez Lukas , Sharma Tanvi , Ryzhova Marina , Schrimpf Daniel , Stichel Damian , Capper David , Sturm Dominik , Kool Marcel , Habel Antje , Kleinschmidt‐DeMasters Bette K. , Rosenblum Marc , Absalyamova Oksana , Golanov Andrey , Lichter Peter , Pfister Stefan M. , Jones David T.W. , Perry Arie , von Deimling Andreas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEpithelioid glioblastoma (eGBM) is a newly defined and rare GBM variant in the current WHO 2016 classification. BRAF V600E mutation is overrepresented in these tumors and there is known some morphological overlap with anaplastic epithelioid PXA (ePXA). In order to further elucidate this diagnostic category, we molecularly characterized 64 pediatric and adult examples initially diagnosed as “eGBM.” Tumors were analyzed using array based methylation and direct sequencing of the BRAF and TERT genes. Our results demonstrated considerable molecular and clinical heterogeneity among eGBM cohort. Methylation patterns, copy number alterations, and mutational analysis data, in combination with clinical findings disclosed three different, well established tumor subtypes: (i) PXA‐like tumors with favorable prognosis, predominantly in children and young adults (38), (ii) IDHwt GBM‐like tumors with poor prognosis, mainly occurring in older adults, albeit with more frequent BRAF mutations (17), and (iii) RTK1 pediatric GBM‐like neoplasms of intermediate prognosis in children and young adults, associated with chromothripsis and frequent PDGFRA amplifications (9). We conclude that the histopathologically defined eGBM do not represent a single diagnostic entity, but rather at least three molecularly and biologically distinct categories. Therefore, additional molecular testing through genome‐wide molecular profiling is recommended to further stratify these rare cases.
Mauritius on fire: Tracking historical human impacts on biodiversity loss
Authors: Gosling William D. , de Kruif Jona , Norder Sietze J. , de Boer Erik J. , Hooghiemstra Henry , Rijsdijk Kenneth F. , McMichael Crystal N. H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFire was rare on Mauritius prior to human arrival (AD 1598); subsequently three phases of elevated fire activity occurred: ca 1630–1747, 1787–1833, and 1950–modern. Elevated fire frequency coincided with periods of high human impact evidenced from the historical record, and is linked to the extinction of island endemics.
Are Brazil nut populations threatened by fruit harvest?
Authors: Bertwell Todd D. , Kainer Karen A. , Cropper Wendell P. , Staudhammer Christina L. , de Oliveira Wadt Lúcia H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHarvest of Brazil nuts from the large, iconic tree Bertholletia excelsa generates substantial income for smallholders, providing a strong incentive to conserve the mature forests where it grows. Although much previous work has focused on the impact of nut harvest on new seedling recruits into B. excelsa populations, the connection between harvest rates and long‐term population stability is still unclear. Moreover, there is additional uncertainty for Brazil nut management in terms of population response to climate change and other anthropogenic influences. We drew on 14 years of research in two sites in Acre, Brazil with different B. excelsa nut harvest intensities (39% and 81%), to produce stochastic and deterministic matrix population models which incorporated parameter uncertainty in vital rates. Adult abundance was projected to remain close to the current observed abundance or higher through the next 50 years. Elasticity analyses revealed that the asymptotic population growth rate (λ) was most sensitive to stasis vital rates in sapling, juvenile, and adult stages. Deterministic transition matrices calculated using diameter growth rates dependent on rainfall yielded average λ values around 1.0 under extreme high, extreme low, and average annual rainfall. While sustained high rates of Brazil nut harvest and climate change could potentially negatively impact B. excelsa populations, changes in human use of the forested landscape are more immediate concern. To reduce the risk of population decline, smallholders and managers of B. excelsa rich forests should focus on conservation of pre‐mature and mature individuals.
An Expanded View of Joint Attention: Skill, Engagement, and Language in Typical Development and Autism
Authors: Adamson Lauren B. , Bakeman Roger , Suma Katharine , Robins Diana L. 
Published: October 2017

This study provides an expanded view of joint attention and its relation to expressive language development. A total of 144 toddlers (40 typically developing, 58 with autism spectrum disorder [ASD], 46 with developmental delay [DD]) participated at 24 and 31 months. Toddlers who screened positive for ASD risk, especially those subsequently diagnosed with ASD, had poorer joint attention skills, joint engagement during parent–toddler interaction, and expressive language. Findings highlight the dynamic relation between joint attention and language development. In the ASD and DD groups, joint engagement predicted later expressive vocabulary, significantly more than predictions based on joint attention skills. Joint engagement was most severely impacted when toddlers did not talk initially and improved markedly if they subsequently began to speak.
Bronchiectasis and deteriorating lung function in agammaglobulinaemia despite immunoglobulin replacement therapy
Authors: Stubbs A , Bangs C , Shillitoe B , Edgar J D , Burns S O , Thomas M , Alachkar H , Buckland M , McDermott E , Arumugakani G , Jolles M S , Herriot R , Arkwright P D 
Published: October 2017

SummaryImmunoglobulin replacement therapy enhances survival and reduces infection risk in patients with agammaglobulinaemia. We hypothesized that despite regular immunoglobulin therapy, some patients will experience ongoing respiratory infections and develop progressive bronchiectasis with deteriorating lung function. One hundred and thirty-nine (70%) of 199 patients aged 1–80 years from nine cities in the United Kingdom with agammaglobulinaemia currently listed on the UK Primary Immune Deficiency (UKPID) registry were recruited into this retrospective case study and their clinical and laboratory features analysed; 94% were male, 78% of whom had Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene mutations. All patients were on immunoglobulin replacement therapy and 52% had commenced therapy by the time they were 2 years old. Sixty per cent were also taking prophylactic oral antibiotics; 56% of patients had radiological evidence of bronchiectasis, which developed between the ages of 7 and 45 years. Multivariate analysis showed that three factors were associated significantly with bronchiectasis: reaching 18 years old [relative risk (RR) = 14·2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2·7–74·6], history of pneumonia (RR = 3·9, 95% CI = 1·1–13·8) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) rather than subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) = (RR = 3·5, 95% CI = 1·2–10·1), while starting immunoglobulin replacement after reaching 2 years of age, gender and recent serum IgG concentration were not associated significantly. Independent of age, patients with bronchiectasis had significantly poorer lung function [predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s 74% (50–91)] than those without this complication [92% (84–101)] (P &lt; 0·001). We conclude that despite immunoglobulin replacement therapy, many patients with agammaglobulinaemia can develop chronic lung disease and progressive impairment of lung function.