bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of pheromone traps to monitor flour beetles (Tribolium confusum) at a flour mill.
Authors: Wilkin R. , Cross D. , Mumby R. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Two types of commercial beetle trap, both with pheromone lures, were compared in a section of a flour mill in northern England. The building had an endemic infestation of T. confusum (confused flour beetle). Eight Trécé Dome traps and eight AgriSense UK Window traps with lures were placed in a random pattern at two levels in a building containing flour storage bins. In addition, eight Window traps without lures were included as controls. Traps were examined weekly during the 8-week period of the trial and temperatures were monitored almost continuously at each trap. Dome traps always caught far more insects than Window traps. There was considerable variation in the numbers caught by individual Dome traps, but all caught some insects. The eight Dome traps caught a total of 106 T. confusum during the 8-week period. Window traps with and without lures caught a total of three and two T. confusum, respectively, over the same period. Several Window traps caught no insects. These differences cannot be explained by temperature variation.
Biocharacteristics of Prostephanus truncatus attracted to flight traps baited with aggregation pheromone.
Authors: Addo S. , Birkinshaw L. A. , Hodges R. J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The biological characteristics of adult P. truncatus arriving at pheromone-baited flight traps were investigated in agricultural and non-agricultural habitats of two different agroclimatic zones in Ghana during three contrasting seasons to determine whether the risk posed to stored maize by dispersing P. truncatus was likely to vary according to season or the source of beetles. Beetles were trapped live and data on sex ratio, weight, longevity and female reproductive potential were recorded. Comparisons were carried out with beetles cultured in the laboratory on maize. Some of the beetles trapped in the wild lived for almost a year, and females continued reproducing for over half a year in the absence of males. This suggests that most beetles were captured very young, that females were already inseminated and that these beetles would certainly live long enough in the wild to have a serious impact in stores. The traps captured a higher proportion of females than males, and females were heavier. Although some seasonal and locational differences were detected, there was no evidence that these effects would have a significant impact on the biological potential of the pest in the storage environment. P. truncatus dispersing in different seasons and in the different habitats can be assumed to have roughly equivalent biological potential.
External egg morphology of stored-product and dust mites (Acarina).
Authors: Kučerova Z. , Stejskal V. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

External egg morphology of the most common stored-product pest mites (genera Acarus, Glycyphagus, Lepidoglyphus, Tyrophagus, Carpoglyphus, Caloglyphus), the dust mite Dermatophagoides and the predatory mite Cheyletus was studied. The comparative morphological study deals with overall appearance, size, and surface sculpturing of eggs. Morphological details are illustrated with scanning electron microscope micrographs. A key for distinguishing eggs at genus level is provided. The respiratory function of some surface structures is discussed.
Insect monitoring in a paddy rice storage facility.
Authors: Paula M. C. Z. , Lazzari S. M. N. , Lazzari F. A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Insect monitoring in rice storage facilities is essential for the adoption of integrated pest management control measures. With this purpose, 19 baited cage traps were installed outside silos in Massaranduba, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The bait was a mixture of wheatgerm, maize grits, whole maize, and rice kernels. Twelve probe traps were placed in a 1875-tonne silo filled with paddy rice, and insect captures compared with those in nearby cage traps. Every 15 days, the bait and the probe traps were removed for insect counting and identification. The cage traps captured 45 955 insects in two years, including Sitophilus oryzae (76.4%), Rhyzopertha dominica (8.5%), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (5%), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (2.3%) and other insect species (7.6%). The largest insect infestations were detected in the receiving areas for paddy rice, around the grain pits, and around and below the pre-cleaning machines. The probe traps detected a high insect infestation in May 1999, and this peak was also registered in the cage trap outside the silo. By this time, the silos were being filled and cross-infestation from the field may explain the high insect captures in most cages. Insect monitoring using both cage and probe traps allows the early detection of infestations, giving time for decisions about adequate handling and control strategies.
The potential of stored-product beetle aggregation pheromones as cross-species attractants: an electroantennogram and behavioural investigation.
Authors: Wakefield M. E. , Clarke P. G. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Aggregation pheromones have been investigated as a source for a multispecies lure for Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Sitophilus granarius, using adult beetles that were generally 0- to 2-weeks old. S. granarius showed no significant electroantennogram (EAG) response to four macrolide lactones and R,S-1-octen-3-ol, at a single dose of 10 µg, indicating that this species is unable to perceive these compounds at the concentration tested. All three species showed an EAG response to racemic sitophinone, although the perception threshold ranged from 10 µg for S. granarius to 1000 µg for O. surinamensis. The behavioural effect of racemic sitophinone (500 ng for S. granarius and 50 µg for O. surinamensis and C. ferrugineus) and R,S-1-octen-3-ol (10 µg) was investigated for all three species in pitfall bioassays. As expected, there was significant attraction of S. granarius to racemic sitophinone compared to the control but no response by this species to R,S-1-octen-3-ol. Neither O. surinamensis nor C. ferrugineus was attracted to racemic sitophinone or R,S-1-octen-3-ol in pitfall bioassays. An investigation of the effect of insect age on the response to R,S-1-octen-3-ol showed that 3- to 5-week-old O. surinamensis had a lower threshold for behavioural response than 0- to 2-week-old adults, but there was no significant difference in response to 1, 10 or 100 ng R,S-1-octen-3-ol compared to the control for C. ferrugineus for either 0- to 2- or 4- to 6-week-old adults. The effect of R,S-1-octen-3-ol on O. surinamensis and C. ferrugineus requires further investigation to determine the reasons for the differences in response shown by different research groups. It is concluded that it is not possible to produce a multispecies lure for these three species based on racemic sitophinone and R,S-1-octen-3-ol.
Bruchidae (Coleoptera) in stored Leguminosae: a survey conducted in Portugal.
Authors: Mateus C. , Carvalho E. L. de , Mexia A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

We present first results from a survey of Bruchidae (Coleoptera) in stored Leguminosae (pulses) in Portugal. The survey focuses on edible Leguminosae, and also field crops. Ten bruchid species were identified. Acanthoscelides obtectus was the only species detected in beans (in either field or storage). Bruchus rufimanus and B. pisorum were the most frequent and abundant species in stored broad beans and stored peas, respectively.
Impact of IPM practices on insect populations in retail pet stores.
Authors: Roesli R. , Subramanyam B. , Campbell J. , Kemp K. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Stored-product insect infestations in retail pet stores cost pet food manufacturers millions of dollars annually, but there are no studies documenting the effectiveness of pest management practices in pet stores. Our study was designed to determine species associated with eight pet stores in Kansas, USA, and to evaluate the impact of chemical and non-chemical intervention on insect populations. Food and pheromone-baited traps were used to estimate numbers of stored-product beetles and the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. Traps were placed in a grid pattern in each store, and trap catches were recorded every 1-3 weeks. Spatial analyses of trap catch data were used for monitoring infestations and for evaluating effectiveness of pest management measures. Measures used against pests included sanitation (sweeping, vacuuming and/or discarding infested products) or sanitation in combination with an insect growth regulator, hydroprene 9% EC, or a pyrethroid, cyfluthrin 20 WP. Each treatment (sanitation or sanitation plus pesticide application) was replicated in two stores. Two stores that were left untreated served as the control. Traps in the stores captured a total of 41 266 adults and 3032 larvae of 36 insect species belonging to 23 families and 7 orders. Infestations were generally associated with birdseed, small-animal foods, or spilled food. Sanitation in conjunction with hydroprene or cyfluthrin applications on targeted floor areas reduced beetle numbers but did not greatly affect Indian meal moth numbers. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Legislative and regulatory actions affecting insect pest management for postharvest systems in the United States.
Authors: Arthur F. H. , Rogers T. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The 1996 Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) has resulted in policy interpretations and regulatory decisions that have severely impacted insect-pest-management programmes for stored products in the United States. The food safety aspects of this law, especially as targeted to children and other vulnerable subgroups of the population, require additional toxicological data for many older traditional insecticides. Many of these insecticides, particularly organophosphates and carbamates, are being removed from the market, and there are few potential new registrations to replace the products that are lost through regulatory decisions or voluntary withdrawal. Consumer preferences for foods with little or no pesticide residues, modern residue-detection methods, an emphasis on safety and food quality, and an increasingly urbanized society are also contributing to a decline in the use of pesticide chemicals to control insects. Similar trends are occurring throughout Europe and most other developed countries, and are causing a shift from chemical-based control methods to a more integrated approach to pest management.
Comparison of methods for determining grain moisture content.
Authors: Du HaiBo Du HaiBo , Wei ZuGuo Wei ZuGuo , Zu GuiDong Zu GuiDong 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Several methods of determining wheat and maize (grown in China) grain moisture - traditional oven drying, near infrared transmission (NIT) and capacitance - are compared. It is shown that the NIT method could replace the traditional drying method to determine the grain moisture under certain conditions. The NIT equipment can be used simply and rapidly. Applying this technology could save more time and labour during harvest and grain trading.
Application of HACCP in grain storage.
Authors: Du HaiBo Du HaiBo , Shen Juan Shen Juan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This paper introduces the principles of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP). It is widely used in the food industry as a quality-management tool. When the method is applied to grain storage, the factors causing hazard to grain quality can be analysed, including, for example, physical, chemical, and biological factors. In grain storage, the critical points such as grain receival and daily grain management, and the critical values such as germination capacity and fatty acid value are clarified. Advice is given on how to rectify deviations. HACCP can help greatly in keeping grain safe and fresh.
Fusarium mycotoxins in isogenic and Bt maize varieties grown in different geographic areas in France.
Authors: Pinson L. , Planckě M. P. , Richard-Forget F. , Fleurat-Lessard F. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Four maize varieties collected in four sites in France in 2000, with and without the character of resistance to insect borers (Bt character), were compared for Fusarium spp. contamination and mycotoxin production in kernels (trichothecenes, fumonisins, zearalenone). For three of the considered varieties, lower Fusarium contamination and mycotoxin content were observed on Bt hybrid maize than on the corresponding isogenic variety. Fumonisin concentrations ranged from 9.5 ppb to 307 ppb for Bt varieties, and from <3 ppb to 1300 ppb for isogenic ones. Low concentrations of trichothecenes were measured in transgenic as well as in traditional maize. With the exception of two of 15 samples, zearalenone concentrations were below the 200-ppb limit recommended in France. Although not significantly different, these results suggest a decrease in mycotoxins kernels content linked to Bt hybrid.
A study on the persistence of trifluralin, chlorpyrifos, decamethrin, cypermethrin and dichlorvos in rice and beans after cooking in a commercial microwave oven.
Authors: Castro M. F. P. M. de , Oliveira J. J. do V. , Rodrigues J. , Loredo I. S. D. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The objective of this research was to evaluate the persistence of trifluralin, chlorpyrifos, decamethrin, cypermethrin and dichlorvos in rice and beans after cooking in a commercial microwave oven. The rice and beans, spiked with pesticides at levels of 1.0 mg/kg, were cooked at powers of 500 W and 800 W for 15 and 45 minutes, respectively. The pesticides were quantified by gas chromatography using electron capture (Ni63) and flame photometric detectors. After cooking, the residual levels of trifluralin, chlorpyrifos, decamethrin, cypermethrin and dichlorvos in the rice and beans were respectively, on average, 0.03, 0.04, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.01 mg/kg for rice and 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.01 mg/kg for beans. Thus, from 92% to 99% of pesticides were eliminated. We conclude that cooking in a microwave oven causes a decrease in the residue levels of these pesticides.
Interaction of ethyl formate (EtF) with stored products.
Authors: Reuss R. , Annis P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The phase-out of methyl bromide has created a need for alternative fumigants for the treatment of stored products. One such alternative, ethyl formate (EtF), is already widely used for treatment of dried fruits in Australia. To be a viable treatment for other stored products, an allowance for the loss of EtF from the headspace during fumigation must be made to develop efficacious treatment schedules. There is little data on the fate of EtF during fumigation of stored products, or the mechanism of the loss from the headspace. Therefore, the fate of EtF during treatment of a number of cereals (wheat, rice, barley, oats), oilseeds (rape, sunflower, cotton), legumes (field peas, kidney beans), dried fruits (sultanas, apricots), and oaten hay was followed during fumigation under laboratory conditions at both 25 and 10°C. A similar study was carried out on seven rice-milling fractions. Fumigation with EtF at 25°C promises to be an efficacious pest control measure in commodities where concentrations could be maintained at 60-70 g/m3 for a period of 24 h. The high rate of loss of EtF from the headspace of fumigated paddy rice, fuzzy cotton seed, sunflower seed, and kidney beans would require the application of very high dosages of fumigant to achieve headspace concentrations that would allow effective insect control in these commodities. Dried fruits, oats and wheat, field peas, oaten hay and milled rice were more promising candidates for EtF treatment. Headspace concentrations during fumigation of dried fruits were higher than during treatment of other commodities. EtF shows potential as a chemical for the protection of products that interact similarly with EtF contained in their headspace and to which the product can be applied in a similar fashion.
Stack-curing and storage of peanuts for prevention of postharvest aflatoxin contamination.
Authors: Dorner J. W. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Postharvest aflatoxin contamination of peanuts is a serious problem around the world. In many areas, the lack of mechanised drying of harvested peanuts and lack of adequate storage facilities to maintain proper moisture conditions facilitate the growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and the contamination of peanuts with aflatoxins. In the early to mid-1900s in the United States, peanuts were cured by constructing "stackpoles", around which freshly dug peanut plants were "stacked" off the ground. Peanut pods were placed in the centre near the pole and plant material and foliage faced outward. Studies have been carried out to determine the potential for aflatoxin contamination of peanuts cured in stacks. Peanuts were dug at optimum maturity in south Georgia at two different times and were cured conventionally (windrow curing followed by artificial drying) as well as in stacks. Half of the stacks received substantial supplemental irrigations in addition to natural rainfall to create the worst possible curing and storage conditions. Conventionally cured peanuts were harvested after windrow curing for three days, and stacks were harvested after a curing period of about six weeks. All peanuts were evaluated for A. flavus growth and aflatoxin contamination. Results from the first harvest showed that significant (P<0.05) aflatoxin (mean=118 ppb) formed only in stacks receiving supplemental irrigation (49.5 cm of combined rainfall and irrigation). Stacks from the first harvest, which were not watered, received 14.2 cm of rainfall, but contained only 2.6 ppb of aflatoxin. Conventionally harvested peanuts were not contaminated. No peanuts from the second harvest were contaminated with aflatoxin even though the irrigated stacks received 53.8 cm of rainfall and supplemental irrigation.
Effect of water activity and biocides on spoilage and dry matter losses of wheat straw.
Authors: Willcock J. , Aldred D. , Magan N. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

For the effective industrial use of cereal straw, the storage quality needs to be conserved over a period of 6-9 months. This study has examined the use of an automated electrolytic respirometer for quantifying the dry matter losses of cereal straw due to mixed fungal populations and individual species under different environmental conditions (0.75-0.98 water activity, aw; 10-30°C). The use of this system for screening of three different biocides for control of spoilage fungi under different environmental regimes, and for predicting levels of control, were also determined. This study has shown that dry matter losses due to fungal populations ranged up to 3.5%, while individual species on sterile straw produced up to 10% losses regardless of species used. Biocides could be effectively screened using respirometry to determine those most effective for control of fungal activity under different aw regimes. The best biocides examined could reduce dry matter loss by 50-60% at 0.95 and 0.98 aw.
Philosophy guiding current and future fumigant research.
Authors: Ren YongLin Ren YongLin 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

For many reasons, most fumigants have been removed from use. The only two remaining fumigants, phosphine and methyl bromide, have covered most applications for half a century. They have become established fumigants because: 1. they are already registered; 2. their reputation for multipurpose fumigation has been established; that is, they are recognized and accepted by users; 3. they are inexpensive, easy to transport and apply; and 4. fumigation using methyl bromide and phosphine is, in each case, a mature technology, with a large amount of research results, publications and practical experience supporting its usage. However, the widespread use of methyl bromide is being phased out under international agreement due to its ozone-depleting properties. Insect resistance to phosphine has occurred across the world. There is a need for research and development on alternatives to replace methyl bromide and, for resistance management, partly to replace phosphine. Here, I will mainly report on the philosophy guiding our research on alternative fumigants: The era of multipurpose fumigant/fumigation is over, to be replaced by the single purpose fumigant/fumigation. The gap between fumigants and protectants is getting ever smaller. The concepts of naturally occurring fumigants and consumer safety are important. There is an urgent need for international collaboration.
Alternative fumigants for the control of stored-product insects.
Authors: Shaaya E. , Kostyukovsky M. , Demchenko N. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Methyl bromide and phosphine are the most widely used fumigants for controlling pest infestation in grain, dry food products and quarantine insects in cut flowers. Some stored-product insects have developed resistance to phosphine and, with the proposed phase out of methyl bromide in the near future, there is an urgent need to search for suitable alternatives. This study reported here evaluated the potential of methyl iodide (CH3I), carbon disulfide (CS2), benzaldehyde (C7H6O), and several isothiocyanates against the main stored-product insects. The toxicity of the various fumigants was assessed against adults, pupae and larvae of six major stored-product insects. We report on the isolation and fumigant activity of several isothiocyanates from Cruciferae seeds. One of these, isolated from Eruca sativa, was partially identified as alkil-thio-alkil-isothiocyanate.
Biological activity of Novaluron, a new chitin-synthesis inhibitor, on the major stored product insect pests.
Authors: Kostyukovsky M. , Trostanetsky A. , Carmi Y. , Frandji H. , Schneider R. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Novaluron is a novel chitin-synthesis inhibitor from the benzoyl phenyl ureas group of insect growth regulators. It has a broad-spectrum activity on various insects, but very low toxicity to mammals (LD50>5000 mg/kg). The objective of the study reported was to evaluate the efficacy of Novaluron against the main stored product insect pests, as a possible alternative to standard pesticides for stored-product pest control. The test insects were the beetles Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, and Tribolium castaneum, and the moth Plodia interpunctella. According to the differences in the life cycle and conditions for development of the test insects, adults of S. oryzae and R. dominica, and larvae of T. castaneum and P. interpunctella, were used. Concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 ppm of Novaluron were mixed with three kinds of food media: whole wheat grain for the internal pests S. oryzae and R. dominica, ground grain for the external feeder P. interpunctella and flour for T. castaneum. The results showed that Novaluron at 1 ppm reduced the number of new generation adults of S. oryzae and R. dominica by 95% compared with the control, and prevented the emergence of adults of P. interpunctella. At this concentration, Novaluron also yielded total mortality of T. castaneum third instar larvae. At 0.1 ppm, Novaluron had no effect on the insects tested.