bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic dissection of Escherichia marmotae provides insights into diversity and pathogenic potential
Authors: Binsker Ulrike , Deneke Carlus , Hamid Hafiz Muhammad , Gadicherla Ashish K , Göhler André , Käsbohrer Annemarie , Hammerl Jens A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Anthropogenic activities enhance the interconnection of human, animal, and environmental habitats and drive the evolution and inter-niche transmission of bacteria. Clear identification of emerging bacteria and pathogen control is therefore a public health priority. In 2015, the novel Escherichia species Escherichia marmotae was assigned, but due to the lack of appropriate detection and typing technologies, the One Health impact of this species is still being unraveled. E. marmotae represents a missing link in the impact of Escherichia spp. Here, we report 25 E. marmotae identified by next-generation sequencing that were previously phenotypically characterized as Escherichia coli during national zoonosis monitoring of food-producing animals. Applying fastANI to 153 738 published Escherichia spp. genome assemblies, we identified further 124 E. marmotae, originally classified as E. coli. Phylogenomics of all 149 isolates reveals an undefined population structure that is independent of the ecological niche. We highlight the phenotypic, genomic, and plasmid diversity of E. marmotae and provide evidence for gene flow across the species. The latter is illustrated by the acquisition of antibiotic resistance plasmids and pathogenicity islands, such as the type III secretion system. Thus, our comprehensive genomic overview of an emerging potential opportunistic pathogen underlines the importance of improved detection and characterization.
Chronic exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons alters skin virome composition and virus–host interactions
Authors: Du Shicong , Tong Xinzhao , Leung Marcus H Y , Betts Richard J , Woo Anthony C , Bastien Philippe , Misra Namita , Aguilar Luc , Clavaud Cécile , Lee Patrick K H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in polluted air influences the composition of the skin microbiome, which in turn is associated with altered skin phenotypes. However, the interactions between PAH exposure and viromes are unclear. This study aims to elucidate how PAH exposure affects the composition and function of skin viruses, their role in shaping the metabolism of bacterial hosts, and the subsequent effects on skin phenotype. We analyzed metagenomes from cheek skin swabs collected from 124 Chinese women in our previous study and found that the viruses associated with the two microbiome cutotypes had distinct diversities, compositions, functions, and lifestyles following PAH exposure. Moreover, exposure to high concentrations of PAHs substantially increased interactions between viruses and certain biodegrading bacteria. Under high-PAH exposure, the viruses were enriched in xenobiotic degradation functions, and there was evidence suggesting that the insertion of bacteriophage-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes into hosts aids biodegradation. Under low-PAH exposure conditions, the interactions followed the “Piggyback-the-Winner” model, with Cutibacterium acnes being “winners,” whereas under high-PAH exposure, they followed the “Piggyback-the-Persistent” model, with biodegradation bacteria being “persistent.” These findings highlight the impact of air pollutants on skin bacteria and viruses, their interactions, and their modulation of skin health. Understanding these intricate relationships could provide insights for developing targeted strategies to maintain skin health in polluted environments, emphasizing the importance of mitigating pollutant exposure and harnessing the potential of viruses to help counteract the adverse effects.
Evaluation of antibiotics returned for safe disposal during and after a community pharmacy antibiotic amnesty campaign
Authors: Hamilton Ryan A , Ercolani Marco G , Aggarwal Rakhi , Cooper Donna , Kelly Sam , Root Helen , Pabari Kunjal , Jamieson Conor 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Community pharmacies in England offer convenient and safe disposal of unwanted medicines, including antimicrobials, and better uptake of this service could limit environmental antimicrobial resistance. However, there is limited information on the extent and nature of antibiotic returns to community pharmacies. The impact of an antibiotic amnesty campaign promoting antibiotic disposal through community pharmacies was evaluated with the intention of collecting detailed information on the antibiotics returned.

Methods
An antibiotic amnesty campaign was delivered by community pharmacies in the Midlands (England) with an audit of returned antibiotics conducted in 19 community pharmacies in Leicestershire. Detailed information on antibiotics returned for disposal was gathered during the month-long amnesty campaign and again 3 months later in the same pharmacies.

Results
Antibiotics accounted for 3.12%–3.35% of all returned medicines. The amnesty campaign led to a significant increase in defined daily doses of returned antibiotics compared to the post-amnesty period (P = 0.0165), but there was no difference in the overall number of returned medicines. Penicillins were the most commonly returned antibiotics in both periods (29.3% and 42.5% of packs, respectively), while solid oral dose formulations predominated. A total of 36.6% of antibiotics returned during the amnesty period were expired, increasing to 53.4% in the post-amnesty period. Amnesty conversations had a significant impact on the number of antibiotic returns but campaign posters did not.

Conclusions
Antibiotic conversations can increase the amount of antibiotics returned to community pharmacies for safe disposal, and passive campaign materials had limited impact. More research is needed to identify the most effective interventions to increase returns.
Energy and nutrient recovery from municipal and industrial waste and wastewater—a perspective
Authors: Rachbauer Lydia , Granda Cesar B , Shrestha Shilva , Fuchs Werner , Gabauer Wolfgang , Singer Steven W , Simmons Blake A , Urgun-Demirtas Meltem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This publication highlights the latest advancements in the field of energy and nutrient recovery from organics rich municipal and industrial waste and wastewater. Energy and carbon rich waste streams are multifaceted, including municipal solid waste, industrial waste, agricultural by-products and residues, beached or residual seaweed biomass from post-harvest processing, and food waste, and are valuable resources to overcome current limitations with sustainable feedstock supply chains for biorefining approaches. The emphasis will be on the most recent scientific progress in the area, including the development of new and innovative technologies, such as microbial processes and the role of biofilms for the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater, as well as the production of biofuels and value-added products from organic waste and wastewater streams. The carboxylate platform, which employs microbiomes to produce mixed carboxylic acids through methane-arrested anaerobic digestion, is the focus as a new conversion technology. Nutrient recycling from conventional waste streams such as wastewater and digestate, and the energetic valorization of such streams will also be discussed. The selected technologies significantly contribute to advanced waste and wastewater treatment and support the recovery and utilization of carboxylic acids as the basis to produce many useful and valuable products, including food and feed preservatives, human and animal health supplements, solvents, plasticizers, lubricants, and even biofuels such as sustainable aviation fuel.

One-Sentence Summary
Multifaceted waste streams as the basis for resource recovery are essential to achieve environmental sustainability in a circular economy, and require the development of next-generation waste treatment technologies leveraging a highly adaptive mixed microbial community approach to produce new biochemicals, biomaterials, and biofuels from carbon-rich organic waste streams.
The View from (T)Here: Perspectives on Security
Authors: Crawford Kerry F , Andersen-Rodgers David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The field of security studies largely focuses its gaze on the security provider without consideration of how security practice is perceived as legitimate by those it is meant to protect. This article presents a framework for categorizing how security is understood based on two viewpoints: first, the core responsibility of the state for providing protection and, second, the universality of rights beyond one’s core identity group. These two angles shape a person’s worldview, which then informs how different forms of security practice are seen as legitimate by those who constitute the referent object of that practice. In this article, we offer security studies scholars and practitioners a sorting tool that categorizes these worldviews in four ways: statist, federalist, nativist, and cosmopolitan. We examine each of these four categories and discuss how each perspective shapes practice by so-called security providers and the legitimacy of that practice by referent populations. We introduce four illustrative examples that demonstrate how these perspectives operate in practice. Finally, we discuss the implications of varied security perspectives as they relate to the current global security architecture.
Evolution of H α equivalent widths from z ∼ 0.4 - 2.2: implications for star formation and legacy surveys with Roman and Euclid
Authors: Khostovan A A , Malhotra S , Rhoads J E , Sobral D , Harish S , Tilvi V , Coughlin A , Rezaee S 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Past studies have investigated the evolution in specific star formation rate (sSFR) and its observational proxy (H $\alpha$ equivalent width; EW) up to $z \sim 6$; however, such measurements may overestimate the typical sSFR/EW at a given redshift due to selection effects. We investigate the ‘intrinsic’ (selection and observational effects corrected) H $\alpha$ EW distributions of $z \sim 0.4 - 2.2$ narrowband-selected H $\alpha$ samples from High-z Emission Line Survey (HiZELS) and Deep and Wide Narrowband survey (DAWN) using a forward modelling approach where we assume an ‘intrinsic’ exponential EW distribution, apply selection and filter effects, and compare with observed H $\alpha$ EW distributions. We find an ‘intrinsic’ EW–stellar mass anticorrelation, EW$_0 \propto M^\gamma$, with steepening slopes $\gamma = -0.18\pm 0.03$ to $-0.24^{+0.06}_{-0.08}$ at $z \sim 0.4$ and $z\sim 2.2$, respectively. At $10^{10}$ M$_\odot$, we find EW$_0 \propto (1+z)^{1.78^{+0.22}_{-0.23}}$ and a steeper evolution with decreasing stellar mass highlighting the high EW nature of low-mass, high-z systems. We model this redshift evolving EW–stellar mass anticorrelation, $W_0(M,z)$, and find it produces H $\alpha$luminosity and SFR functions strongly consistent with observations. Our $W_0(M,z)$ model suggests EW$_{\mathrm{0}}$$&gt; 200$ Å emitters contribute $\sim 40$ per cent to overall cosmic SF at $z \sim 1.5 - 2$, consistent with sSFR $\gt 10^{-8.5}$ yr$^{-1}$ (makes up $\sim 45 - 55$ per cent of cosmic SF at $z \sim 2$) and highlights the importance of high EW systems at high-z. Our $W_0(M,z)$ model also reproduces the cosmic sSFR evolution found in both simulations and observations (including selection limits), such that selection effects in observations may explain the disagreement. Lastly, we forecast Roman and Euclid grism surveys using our $W_0(M,z)$ model including limiting resolution and observational efficiency effects. We predict $\sim 24\,000$ and $\sim 30\,000$$0.5 &lt; z &lt; 1.9$ H $\alpha$ emitters per deg$^{-2}$, respectively, down to $F_{\rm {H\alpha }+\rm {[N{{\small II}}]}} &gt; 5\times 10^{-17}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ including $10^{7.2 - 8}$ M$_\odot$ galaxies at $z &gt; 1$ with EW$_{\mathrm{0}}$$&gt; 1000$ Å. Both Roman and Euclid will observe some of the most bursty/high EW, low-mass star-forming galaxies near cosmic noon in unprecedented detail.
Factors Associated With Death at 30 Days and Evaluation of Clinical Risk Scores Among Patients With Cancer Admitted With Postchemotherapy Infection in Uganda: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jacinta Ojia Ambaru , Lyon Sophie E , Birungi Jane Francis , Owomugisha Catherine , Muhindo Rose , Sekitene Semei Buwambaza , Moore Christopher C , Nuwagira Edwin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Little is known about outcomes from cancer chemotherapy–-associated infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Accordingly, among patients with cancer admitted with postchemotherapy infection in Mbarara, Uganda, we aimed to determine (1) the 30-day case fatality rate, (2) factors associated with mortality rate, and (3) clinical risk score performance.

Methods
We enrolled participants aged ≥18 years if they (1) received cancer chemotherapy within the past 30 days, (2) were admitted to the oncology ward, and (3) were prescribed intravenous antibiotics. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to determine predictors of death at 30 days and calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for each clinical risk score.

Results
Among 150 participants, 67 (45%) were female, and the median (interquartile range) age was 56 (43–66) years. Esophageal cancer (18%) and pneumonia (42%) were the most common cancer and infection, respectively. Death occurred within 30 days in 63 participants (42%). Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score ≥2 (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.51 [95% confidence interval, 1.42–4.44]; P = .001), and Universal Vital Assessment (UVA) score &gt;4 (2.13 [.08–4.18, P = .03) were independently associated with death at 30 days. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score ≥3 was similarly independently associated with death at 30 days in the qSOFA and UVA models. The AUCs for qSOFA and UVA scores were 0.70 (95% confidence interval, .63–.79) and 0.72 (.64–.80), respectively.

Conclusions
In participants with postchemotherapy infection in Mbarara, Uganda, the case fatality rate was high. ECOG, qSOFA, and UVA scores were associated with death at 30 days.
Feasibility and acceptability of a digital tool to support community-based screening for COVID-19 and other priority medical conditions across rural and peri-urban communities in Guinea
Authors: Diallo Nasser , Bobo Mamadou , Diallo Aboubacar , Baldé Abdoul Karim , Bah Alpha Oumar , Kourouma Mamady , Cisse Mamady , Banks Nick , Kadam Rigveda , Suleiman Khairunisa , Akugizibwe Paula 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Access to primary healthcare, including diagnostic testing, is limited in Guinea, particularly for low-income residents of rural communities. Here we share findings from an interventional operational research study evaluating the feasibility of deploying a digital tool and rapid diagnostic tests to support community-based testing for priority medical conditions across three rural and peri-urban communities in Guinea. An existing web-based application was modified to include integrated symptom screening for malaria and COVID-19, maximize workflow efficiency and conduct end-to-end data capture on tablet devices. Using the application, community health workers screened participants for symptoms of malaria and COVID-19, with eligible participants tested using rapid diagnostic tests. All participants also underwent blood pressure and blood glucose measurements, while malnutrition screening was offered to pregnant women or children under 5 years. Services were provided to residents through mass consultations and home care visits across the study locations. The intervention reached 5204 people overall, with 3241 people enrolled via the application. 32.4% and 15.8% of participants had elevated blood pressure and blood glucose levels, the majority of whom were previously undiagnosed. Of those tested for malaria, 3.2% (n = 28/876) tested positive. The digital tool was successful in providing end-to-end data capture, with 99% of participants having their rapid diagnostic test results captured in real-time, and all outcomes reported into the Ministry of Health database. Together, the study demonstrates the feasibility of using a web-based digital tool to support community health workers with providing community-based diagnostic services in rural and peri-urban communities in a low-resource setting.
Comparing ministerial evidence cultures: a quantitative analysis
Authors: Christensen Johan , Hesstvedt Stine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Evidence-informed policy-making is seen by many as crucial for formulating effective solutions to the complex challenges facing societies today. However, scholarship on evidence and policy-making has repeatedly noted that the use of evidence in government policy-making is highly uneven across policy areas and organizations. Still, we have surprisingly little systematic empirical knowledge about how government organizations actually differ in the use of evidence in policy formulation, and we lack a solid understanding of what accounts for differences across organizations in evidence use. The article seeks to address these knowledge gaps through an analysis of ministerial evidence cultures. Arguing that the government bureaucracy is not a unified entity but rather a collection of organizations with distinct world views and ways of doing things, we expect to find distinct evidence cultures in different government ministries. Moreover, we contend that the informal norms and practices of evidence use leave empirically traceable marks that can be examined quantitatively across ministries. The article maps evidence cultures across all Norwegian government ministries in the period 2000–2020 based on data on ministries’ commissioning of research reports, appointment of experts to advisory commissions, and references to knowledge sources in white papers, revealing striking and systematic differences in evidence cultures across ministries. It also empirically investigates how different evidence cultures are related to institutional differences in task environment, analytical capacity, and personnel. The article contributes both to literature on evidence and policy-making and to public administration scholarship.
Asking about Complex Policies
Authors: Jessee Stephen , Malhotra Neil , Sen Maya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As political issues have increased in complexity, public opinion researchers increasingly ask respondents about sophisticated political topics that may require substantive knowledge and analytic skills, raising concerns about survey satisficing. In this note, we examine the correlates of one manifestation of this kind of satisficing—response order effects, or when respondents are more likely to pick the top response options from a list. We do this by analyzing randomized response order experiments embedded in surveys conducted across three years, where 6,291 respondents provided their opinion on 40 complex issues before the Supreme Court. We find an overall response order effect of 2.8 percentage points with substantial heterogeneity related to both question length and respondent knowledge. These factors also interact with one another; among the most sensitive subpopulation—low-knowledge respondents answering long questions—the predicted response order effect was 17.4 percentage points. On the other hand, question complexity and respondent education did not moderate response order effects. Our practical advice for researchers asking about complex issues is that they should focus on being brief, rather than using extra words to make the language simpler.
JMJD1C forms condensate to facilitate a RUNX1-dependent gene expression program shared by multiple types of AML cells
Authors: Chen Qian , Wang Saisai , Zhang Juqing , Xie Min , Lu Bin , He Jie , Zhen Zhuoran , Li Jing , Zhu Jiajun , Li Rong , Li Pilong , Wang Haifeng , Vakoc Christopher R , Roeder Robert G , Chen Mo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
JMJD1C (Jumonji Domain Containing 1C), a member of the lysine demethylase 3 (KDM3) family, is universally required for the survival of several types of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells with different genetic mutations, representing a therapeutic opportunity with broad application. Yet how JMJD1C regulates the leukemic programs of various AML cells is largely unexplored. Here we show that JMJD1C interacts with the master hematopoietic transcription factor RUNX1, which thereby recruits JMJD1C to the genome to facilitate a RUNX1-driven transcriptional program that supports leukemic cell survival. The underlying mechanism hinges on the long N-terminal disordered region of JMJD1C, which harbors two inseparable abilities: condensate formation and direct interaction with RUNX1. This dual capability of JMJD1C may influence enhancer-promoter contacts crucial for the expression of key leukemic genes regulated by RUNX1. Our findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for the non-catalytic function of JMJD1C in transcriptional regulation, underlying a mechanism shared by different types of leukemias.
A multimodal approach to data analysis in astronomy: sonouno applications in photometry and spectroscopy
Authors: Casado J , García B 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
In the past decade, multimodal data analysis has gained importance, especially for including individuals with visual impairments in education and science dissemination. However, its application in scientific research is still limited due to a lack of conclusive evidence on its robustness and performance. Various sonification tools have been developed, including xsonify, starsound, strauss, and sonouno, which aim to enhance accessibility for both sighted and visually impaired users. This contribution presents sonouno (a data visualization and sonification tool) using data, and comparing to corresponding visuals displays, from established data bases like SDSS, ASAS-SN, and Project Clea for astronomical data. We show that sonouno is able to replicate the visual data displays and provide consistent auditory representations. Key features include marking absorption and emission lines (in both visual and sonification) and multicolumn sonification, which facilitates spectral comparisons through sound. This approach ensures consistency between visual and auditory data, making multimodal displays more viable for use in research, enabling greater inclusion in astronomical investigation. The study suggests that sonouno could be broadly adopted in scientific research and used to develop multimodal training courses and improve data analysis methods.