bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The time course of contrast sensitivity recovery after a pigment bleaching is delayed in subjects with abdominal obesity
Authors: Puell M. , Jemni N. , Veselinova‐Nikolova A. , Fernández‐Balbuena A. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe abdominal obesity is an anthropometric marker associated with inflammation and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). We examined the association between mesopic contrast recovery dynamics and abdominal obesity in older adults with normal macular health.Methods29 eyes of 29 healthy subjects (47–70 years) divided in two groups: a group without abdominal obesity (waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) < 0.5; n = 15) and a group with abdominal obesity (WtHR ≥ 0.5; n = 14) were examined. The recovery of contrast sensitivity for sine‐wave gratings of low spatial frequency (1 cycles per degree) and low mean luminance (0.1 cd.m‐2) was measured within the central retina for 6 minutes in darkness after photo‐pigment bleaching. Sensitivity recovery functions were fitted to an exponential decay function. The time constant for recovery (tau, seconds), elevation and final contrast thresholds (CT) were calculated. The intersession repeatability of the method was determined by the Bland‐Altman coefficient of repeatability (COR). Visual acuity (VA), body mass index (BMI) and WtHR were obtained.ResultsThe mean tau was 42 s slower in the group with abdominal obesity (83.84 ± 35.78 s) than in the group without abdominal obesity (41.94 ± 13.70 s) (P < 0.001). The mean elevation and final CTs did not vary significantly between groups. Forward stepwise regression analysis revealed that tau was independently correlated with WtHR (r = 0.74; P < 0.0001), but not with BMI, CT, VA or age. There was no significant relationship between WtHR and CTs. Intersession repeatability of recovery measurements was high (tau, COR= ± 16 s).ConclusionsThe time constant for contrast sensitivity recovery after a pigment bleaching increases with abdominal obesity in eyes of older adults with normal macular health. Testing for the combination of these factors would allow for early detection of AMD.
Effect of microglia suppression on branch retinal vein occlusion in mice
Authors: Jovanovic J. , Ebneter A. , Kokona D. , Zinkernagel M.S. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeActivation of retinal microglia seems to have an influence on the outcome of retinal degenerative diseases. Recent studies show that systemic colony stimulating factor‐1 receptor (CSF‐1R) inhibition ablates microglia in the mouse central nervous system. However, the role of microglia inhibition in ischemic retinal disease remains unclear. The present study aims at investigating the effect of microglia depletion in vivo in experimental branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).MethodsCx3cr1gfp/+ mice, specifically expressing green fluorescent protein (gfp) on microglia/macrophages, were fed with the CSF‐1R inhibitor PLX5622 in mouse chow for two weeks before laser‐induced BRVO. Following BRVO, one group of animals was continuously treated with PLX5622 for three more weeks (PLX5622 group), while a second group was switched to normal diet (PLX5622 cessation group). Anatomical changes in the retina and gfp+ cell distribution were monitored weekly with optical coherence tomography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy autofluorescence imaging (AF), respectively. Every week, 2–3 animals of each group were euthanized for histology. Retinal whole mounts stained for iba‐1 (microglia/macrophages) and brn3a (ganglion cells) were compared to in vivo AF images.ResultsAccumulation of gfp‐expressing cells in the area affected by BRVO was observed shortly after the laser in both groups. However, this accumulation was less pronounced in the PLX5622 treated group. Surprisingly, ganglion cell numbers were significantly decreased in the PLX5622 cessation group compared to the PLX5622 Group.ConclusionsThe data provided here showed that CSF‐1R inhibition has a protective effect on ganglion cells after experimental BRVO. Thus, such inhibitiors may be a promising tool for modulation of retinal microglia and could be proven a useful target for ischemic retinal diseases.
The effect of autoimmune retinopathy on retinal vessel oxygen saturation in patients with and without clinical features of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Waizel M. , Türksever C. , Rickmann A. , Todorova M.G. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo study the retinal vessel oxygen saturation alterations in patients with autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) and patients with autoimmune retinopathy associated with retinitis pigmentosa (AIR‐RP) in comparison to healthy controls and patients with isolated retinitis pigmentosa (RP).MethodsRetinal vessel oximetry (RO) was performed on a total of 139 eyes: 6 eyes suffering from AIR and 4 eyes with AIR‐RP were compared to 59 heathy control eyes and to 70 eyes with RP. The oxygen saturation in the first and second branch retinal arterioles (A‐SO2) and venules (V‐SO2) were measured and their difference (A‐V SO2) was calculated. In addition, we measured the diameter of the retinal arterioles (D‐A) and venules (D‐V).ResultsBoth, AIR and AIR‐RP groups, differed from healthy controls showing significantly higher V‐SO2 values and significantly lower A‐V SO2 values (p<0.025). In addition, the AIR‐RP group could be differentiated from eyes suffering from isolated RP by means of significantly higher V‐SO2 values. Comparing retinal vessel diameters, both, the AIR and AIR‐RP groups, presented with significant arterial (p=0.05) and venular (p<0.03) vessel attenuation than the healthy control group.ConclusionsBased on our preliminary results, in analogy to patients suffering from RP, oxygen metabolism seems to be altered in AIR patients.
Fuchs’ uveitis masquerading as a Behçet related anterior uveitis
Authors: Claeys M. , Sys C. , Leroy B.P. , De Schryver I. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo report a case of a Turkish patient with Behçet disease and a recurrent unilateral uveitis.MethodsObservational report of a case of Behçet disease with unilateral anterior uveitis in the left eye (LE). The anterior inflammation was considered as part of the clinical spectrum of Behçet disease. The patient underwent an extensive ophthalmological work‐up.ResultsA 37‐years‐old male Turkish patient presented with an unilateral panuveitis. The Behçet's diagnosis was based on the criteria published by the international study group for Behçet's disease. At presentation the patient reported fatigue, recurrent oral ulcerations and arthralgia. Ophthalmolgical work‐up revealed a visual acuity of 4/10 in the LE. Slit lamp study showed cells in the anterior chamber (AC), vitritis and periflebitis. The panuveitis, refractory to local therapy, was treated with systemic corticosteroids and azathioprine. The posterior inflammation responded well. The anterior segment (AS) showed a chronic, recurrent low‐grade inflammation refractory to conventional immunomodulatory therapy during 8 months. Based upon the therapy‐resistant AS inflammation, the typical diffuse fine stellate keratic participates and the absence of posterior synechiae, the diagnosis of fuchs’ uveitis was suspected. Fundoscopy of the right eye showed hyperpigmented chorioretinal scars, previously related to toxoplasmosis. The clinical picture was highly suggestive for a congenital rubella infection.ConclusionsTo our knowledge this is the first case of a patient with Behçet's disease associated to Fuchs’ uveitis. The refractory anterior inflammation mimicking a Behçet's related AS uveitis is a diagnostic challenge. Ophthalmological work‐up should include an AC punction with Polymerase Chain Reaction to rule out a possible viral genome. As in Hickam's Dictum, one pathology can masque another.
Comparison of direct in‐house cerebrospinal fluid cytology with commercial pathology results in dogs
Authors: Newton P. L. , Fry D. R. , Best M. P. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the correspondence between in‐house direct cytological assessment of cerebrospinal fluid and results from a commercial veterinary pathology laboratory.MethodsProspective inclusion of samples from dogs that were presented for investigation of suspected neurological disease and had cerebrospinal fluid samples submitted to a commercial pathology laboratory for analysis. A board‐certified veterinary pathologist assessed all cerebrospinal fluid samples, and a line smear was assessed in‐house by two observers. Nucleated cell count, red blood cell count and differential cell counts were recorded and compared.ResultsIn‐clinic and commercial pathology nucleated cell counts and red blood cell counts were strongly correlated. In‐house line smear results were compared with the gold standard of a defined dichotomous rating of ‘increased nucleated cell count’ provided by the external pathology service. Sensitivity was 93% and specificity 80% for samples with at least two cells per linear field.Clinical ApplicationAlthough not a replacement for the assessment of cerebrospinal fluid samples by specialist veterinary pathologists, this method can provide rapid and clinically meaningful information before externally processed sample results are available.
Multi‐Scale Detection of Variance Changes in Renewal Processes in the Presence of Rate Change Points
Authors: Albert Stefan , Messer Michael , Schiemann Julia , Roeper Jochen , Schneider Gaby 
Published: September 2017

Non‐stationarity of the rate or variance of events is a well‐known problem in the description and analysis of time series of events, such as neuronal spike trains. A multiple filter test (MFT) for rate homogeneity has been proposed earlier that detects change points on multiple time scales simultaneously. It is based on a filtered derivative approach, and the rejection threshold derives from a Gaussian limit process L which is independent of the point process parameters.Here, we extend the MFT to variance homogeneity of life times. When the rate is constant, the MFT extends directly to the null hypothesis of constant variance. In the presence of rate change points, we propose to incorporate estimates of these in the test for variance homogeneity, using an adaptation of the test statistic. The resulting limit process shows slight deviations from L that depend on unknown process parameters. However, these deviations are small and do not considerably change the properties of the statistical test. This allows practical application, for example, to neuronal spike trains, which indicates various profiles of rate and variance change points.
Supernatants and lipids from stored red blood cells activate pulmonary microvascular endothelium through the BLT2 receptor and protein kinase C activation
Authors: Silliman Christopher C. , Kelher Marguerite R. , Khan Samina Y. , West F. Bernadette , McLaughlin Nathan J.D. , Elzi David J. , England Kelly , Bjornsen Jason , Kuldanek Susan A. , Banerjee Anirban 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDAlthough transfusion is a lifesaving intervention, it may be associated with significant morbidity in injured patients. We hypothesize that stored red blood cells (RBCs) induce proinflammatory activation of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) resulting in neutrophil (PMN) adhesion and predisposition to acute lung injury (ALI).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTen units of RBCs were collected; 50% (by weight) were leukoreduced (LR‐RBCs) and the remainder was unmodified and stored in additive solution‐5 (AS‐5). An additional 10 units of RBCs were collected, leukoreduced, and stored in AS‐3. HMVECs were incubated with [10%‐40%]FINAL of the supernatants on Day (D)1 to D42 of storage, lipid extracts, and purified lipids. Endothelial surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), interleukin (IL)‐8 release, and PMN adhesion to HMVECs were measured. HMVEC signaling via the BLT2 receptor was evaluated. Supernatants and lipids were also employed as the first event in a two‐event model of ALI.RESULTSThe supernatants [10%‐40%]FINAL from D21 LR‐RBCs and D42 RBCs and LR‐RBCs and the lipids from D42 stored in AS‐5 induced increased ICAM‐1 surface expression on endothelium, IL‐8 release, and PMN adhesion. In addition, the supernatants [20%‐40%]FINAL from D21 and D42 RBCs in AS‐5 also increased endothelial surface expression of ICAM‐1. D42 supernatants and lipids also caused coprecipitation of β‐arrestin‐1 with BLT2, protein kinase C (PKC)βI, and PKCδ and served as the first event in a two‐event rodent model of ALI.CONCLUSIONLipids that accumulate during RBC storage activate endothelium and predispose to ALI, which may explain some of the adverse events associated with the transfusion of critically injured patients.
Pretreatment with fish oil attenuates heart ischaemia consequences in rats
Authors: Lescano de Souza Junior Alcione , Mancini Filho Jorge , Pavan Torres Rosângela , Irigoyen Maria Cláudia , Curi Rui 
Published: September 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
We investigated whether pretreatment with fish oil could prevent the major consequences of ischaemic injury to the heart.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Fish oil pretreatment attenuated the consequences of ischaemic injury as indicated by the small infarction area and the preservation of systolic function and coronary blood flow. These findings support the use of fish oil in order to reduce the impact of heart ischaemia.

ω‐3 Polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω‐3 PUFA)‐rich fish oil supplementation has protective effects on heart ischaemic injury. Left ventricular (LV) ischaemia was induced in rats by permanent ligation of the left descending coronary artery. Saline, fish oil or soybean oil was administered daily by gavage [3 g (kg body weight)−1] for 20 days before inducing ischaemia. Outcomes were assessed 24 h after left descending coronary artery ligation. Pretreatment with fish oil decreased the ω‐6/ω‐3 fatty acid ratio in the LV. A reduction in infarct size and in the intensity of ventricular systolic dysfunction was found in the fish oil group compared with the saline or soybean oil groups through echocardiographic evaluation. Before infarction, LV glycogen concentrations were decreased in the fish oil group compared with the saline group. Soybean oil pretreatment led to a further increase in the LV levels of CINC‐2/αβ, IL‐1β and TNF‐α induced by the heart infarction. In heart‐infarcted rats, fish oil pretreatment decreased creatine kinase and caspase‐3 activities; prevented the decrease in the coronary blood flow; increased LV contents of ATP and lactate; increased the mRNA levels of iNOS, eNOS, HIF1α, GLUT1, VEGF‐α and p53 in the LV as measured by RT‐PCR; and did not change LV pro‐inflammatory cytokine concentrations compared with the control group. Fish oil protected the heart from ischaemia, as indicated by the decrease in the heart infarction area and systolic dysfunction associated with increased LV ATP concentrations and maintenance of the coronary blood flow with no change in pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels.
Organization System of the Causal Relationship between Diseases, Disability and Death of the Citizens Affected by Radiation Factors in the Russian Federation
Authors: Бушманов Андрей , Bushmanov Andrey , Удалов Ю. , Udalov Yu. , Рыжман Н. , Ryzhman N. , Башарин В. , Basharin V. , Воронин С , Voronin S , Карамуллин М. , Karamullin M. , Язенок А. , Yazenok A. , Кретов А. , Kretov A. , Власова И. , Vlasova I. 
Published: September 2017

There are two Advisory councils on the territory of the Russian Federation: the Interdepartmental Advisory Council (IAC) and Military Medical Commission (MMC) – where citizens may apply to establish the cause of a disease, disability and death from exposure to ionizing radiation.
The article describes the normative documents and the legislative base which regulates work of IAC and MMC on the establishment of a causal relationship between diseases, disability and death of the citizens, exposed to radiation from the Chernobyl accident.
Categories of citizens who are eligible to apply for the examination to establish causation of the disease, disability and death as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation in IAC and MMC are defined.
MMC can treat only military servants, personnel and citizens, passing military service (equal service), service in bodies and organizations of Prosecutor's office, the actions of high-risk units, who took part in liquidation of consequences of the Chernobyl accident. Veterans of special risk subdivisions, and all other citizens exposed to radiation due to the Chernobyl accident may apply to IAC.
Ríos, riadas y política. La comisión senatorial del año 54 a.C.
Authors: Coello Joaquin Muñiz 
Published: September 2017

Resumen:
Desde el siglo III a.C., las villas de Interamna y Reate mantuvieron un litigio a causa de las obras que, para mejorar el régimen de los ríos que bañaban la zona, emprendió el censor Curio Dentado, en el 272. A partir de entonces, las lluvias copiosas afectaron no sólo a Interamna sino a la misma Roma, donde el Tíber se desbordaba por las crecidas de aquellos afluentes de su cabecera. Todo esto motivó un debate en el senado sobre medidas a tomar, que desde una perspectiva histórica siempre favorecieron a Reate.
Der Einfluss pharmazeutischer Unternehmer auf Arzneimittelstudien
Authors: Schott Gisela , Ludwig Wolf-Dieter 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Ergebnisse von klinischen Studien zu Arzneimitteln sind eine wesentliche Grundlage für die medikamentöse Behandlung von Patienten. Sie werden derzeit meist von pharmazeutischen Unternehmern (pU) gesponsert. Viele Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass pU das Design, die Durchführung und die Publikation der von ihnen gesponserten Studien zu ihren Gunsten beeinflussen. Deswegen müssen mehr öffentliche Gelder für klinische Forschung bereitgestellt werden, um Studien zu Arzneimitteln unabhängig von pU durchzuführen – und eine optimale Behandlung der Patienten zu gewährleisten.
Die Bedeutung der Pharmakoökonomie für Public Health
Authors: Gumbert Laura , Bindl Dominik , Nagels Klaus 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Arzneimittelversorgung trägt wesentlich zur Gesundheit der Wohnbevölkerung bei. Die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Versorgungskomponente für die Bevölkerung ist damit auch ein wichtiges Themenfeld von Public Health. Durch die Integration klinischer, versorgungsfokussierter und ökonomischer Daten kann die Pharmakoökonomie in diesem Kontext mit wissenschaftlicher Transparenz und Evidenz die nötige Analyse- und Informationsgrundlage für normative Entscheidungen liefern. Am Beispiel von Ungleichheiten in der Versorgung soll das Potenzial der Pharmakoökomomie für Public Health verdeutlich werden.
Artefaktorientierte Didaktik – einige grundsätzliche Überlegungen zu einer neuen „Konzeption“
Authors: Roggenkamp Antje 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Der Aufsatz befasst sich mit der Frage, inwiefern didaktische Strukturen fachliche Anliegen der Theologie und empirische Forschungen zum Religionsunterricht zugleich reflektieren. Der diesem Verfahren prinzipiell zugrunde liegende religionsdidaktische Ansatz greift nicht nur aktuelle pðdagogische Diskussionen auf. Er bringt insbesondere Artefakte christlicher Herkunft mit den Lernenden so in ein Gesprðch, dass einerseits Beziehungen zwischen Artefakten und Lernenden entstehen, andererseits ein Theologisieren über die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Sachgehalt des jeweiligen Artefakts möglich wird. Hermeneutische Kategorien erweitern das religionspðdagogische Spektrum und stellen Raum für interreligiöse Auseinandersetzung zur Verfügung.
PENDIDIKAN WANITA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAUM FEMINIS
Authors: Fihris Fihris 
Published: September 2017

<p class="ABSTRAK2">Education is a highly recommended in Islam, clearly Qur'an and hadith does not differentiate between men and women in providing educational opportunities. Both sexes are equally have rights and obligations in the scientific world. Acquisition of knowledge is a funda-mental right of every human being without distinction of sex. Thus, the general view of the Qur'an in terms of gender relations, in particular on the role and status of women, is very positive and constructive. Basically, the content and substance of the teachings of Islam is emphasized the spirit of equality and justice, the under-standing of this widely becoming a very urgent matter. Therefore it needs a thorough understanding of (univer-sal) in internalize the teachings of Islam so there will not arise any understanding and interpretation. A variety of data indicate how lame scientist male and female in the history of the Islamic world. There are a number of characters who are trying to think of women's educa-tion, but not enough to increase the quantity of educated women. Some figures in question is the feminist who thinks that women are entitled to the same education as men. Eventually this becomes a spectacular movement, both Islamic and Western feminists. </p>
Prognostic effect of parotid area lymph node metastases after preliminary diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Xu Yuanji , Chen Xiaolin , Zhang Mingwei , Xiao Youping , Zong Jingfeng , Guo Qiaojuan , Qiu Sufang , Zheng Wei , Lin Shaojun , Pan Jianji 
Published: September 2017

AbstractParotid area lymph node (PLN) metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare, and its prognosis remains largely unknown. Our study aimed to investigate the prognostic value and staging categories of PLN metastasis in patients with NPC and treated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), to provide a reference for clinical treatment for NPC with PLN metastasis. Records for 1616 untreated NPC patients without distant metastasis was retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination prior to treatment and then received IMRT as their primary treatment. Forty‐five NPC patients (2.8%) showed initial PLN metastasis on follow‐up MRI. PLN metastasis was significantly associated with the N classification and clinical stage. Univariate analysis showed that PLN metastasis had an unfavorable influence on overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), and regional relapse‐free survival (RRFS) in NPC patients. Using propensity score matching (PSM) to calibrate selection bias and confounding bias, it was observed that PLN metastasis remained an adverse prognostic factor for OS, PFS, DMFS, and RRFS. Furthermore, the 5‐year DMFS and RRFS curves for PLN metastasis were significantly separated from that for N2 disease but crossed that for N3 disease. Therefore, PLN metastasis was found to be an adverse prognostic factor for NPC and to be associated with the same DMFS as N3 disease. Therefore, more aggressive therapeutic strategies consistent with those for N3 disease are recommended for NPC with PLN metastasis to reduce distant metastasis.