bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential influence of COVID-19 on periodontal and peri-implant health - A review of literature
Authors: Shaheen Rakan S. , Alolayan Layan S. , Otaibi Rayan J. Al , Nakha Khalid M. Abu , Alhazmi Abdulrahman K. , Alshahrani Meelaf S. , Huthali Kholood K. Al 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which manifests with severe respiratory symptoms. The plaque biofilm was shown to harbor SARS-CoV-2 virus and that it could be transmitted via droplets. It has been hypothesized that COVID-19 could have an influence on periodontal and peri-implant health.

Aim:
This review was done to theoretically study the literature for reports that link COVID-19 to periodontal and peri-implant health.

Materials and Methods:
The review was done on articles published on the Medline and Saudi Digital Library databases, and included case reports, original papers, reviews, and any other reports that link COVID-19 to periodontal and peri-implant health.

Results and Discussion:
Commonly shared by COVID-19 and periodontal/peri-implant inflammation, is the increase in the pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, which contribute toward exacerbating the immunological response and elevating the severity of the conditions. Furthermore, the reduced immunity due to COVID-19 can allow the periodontal/peri-implant pathogens to flourish and grow, especially when associated with poor oral hygiene owing to fatigue or bed confinement, and the negligence of maintaining routine periodontal visits due to fear of contracting COVID-19. Nevertheless, no direct cause-and-effect relationship between the SARS-CoV-2 virus and periodontal/peri-implant conditions has been ascertained, which warrants the need for further clinical studies on this topic to achieve a better understanding of it.

Conclusion:
There is no direct cause-and-effect relationship between the SARS-CoV-2 virus and periodontal diseases, but the similarity of the pro-inflammatory expressions in both diseases poses an indirect risk on periodontal health.
Active learning by means of team-based versus traditional learning methods in undergraduate dental students
Authors: Hossain Md. Zahid , Alsareii Saeed Ali , Hyderah Khaled Mashoor , Hossain M. M. Iqbal , Aseri Abdulrahman , Khan Siraz D. A. A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Team-based learning (TBL) is gaining popularity because it allows students to achieve desired intellectual tasks through teamwork, discussion, and professionalism, in contrast to traditional (Trad) learning, which fails to keep the students' continued attention throughout the teaching session, resulting in low grades and retention rates.

Aims:
Comparing the outcomes between TBL and Trad learning sessions.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional pilot study was carried out. Seventy-two undergraduate dental students were grouped as TBL and Trad. Each group consisted of 36 students and was made up of good, average, and below-average achievers based on their most recent exam results. The control group (Trad) received lecture-based teaching on a topic, while the case group (TBL) received discussion-based teaching on the same topic using the TBL approach. Allocated time slot for each method was equal. Following the completion of the teaching, a test was taken in the same session, consisting of 20 well-constructed multiple-choice questions (MCQs). The outcomes of the MCQ tests were subjected to item analysis. Chi-squared test was used to compare test parameters between the control and case groups using SPSS (v. 23).

Results and Discussion:
Overall, the TBL groups yielded significantly higher (58.33%) learning outcomes than the Trad groups (44.4%) (P = 0.01). In general, the TBL approach showed highly significant performance results (P = 0.000) compared to Trad approach. The Cronbach's alpha for TBL and trad learning was 0.967 and 0.949, respectively, indicating an excellent reliability of our findings.

Conclusion:
TBL approach has a potential to improve learning outcome by increasing knowledge and encouraging self-directed learning.
A simplified technique of mandibular complete denture fabrication for a condition of ankyloglossia – A case report
Authors: Melkiyor Pamila Mary Sabatini , Chockalingam Nagappan , Kannan R. Kamala 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Rationale:
During the construction of a complete denture, obtaining adequate retention is always a problem in the mandibular denture. In the case of ankyloglossia, the retention of mandibular denture is severely compromised due to a decrease in neutral zone space and thick musculature of the tongue web attached to the mouth’s anatomical floor.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed as completely edentulous with ankyloglossia.

Intervention:
The intervention that was done to this condition was a modification of the master cast before the final wax-up and processing of the denture.

Outcomes:
Through the modification that was done to the master cast, an acceptable level of retention was attained.

Lessons:
This case report describes a simple modification that is done to achieve optimal retention for a patient with ankyloglossia and to maintain that retention during function.
Hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery- A prospective study
Authors: Cherian Sidharth Sabu 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
This was a prospective observational study of 18-month duration. The purpose of this study is to compare preoperative serum calcium levels with postoperative serum calcium levels and to analyze postthyroid surgery hypocalcemia with regard to prevalence, clinical presentation, and severity and to treat hypocalcemia if it occurs. In addition, we analyzed the correlation of postoperative hypocalcemia with relation to the type of surgery, diagnosis, duration of surgery, and the quantity of blood loss. This study was conducted on consecutive patients who underwent thyroid surgery in the Department of General Surgery of a tertiary hospital in Puducherry for 18 months from November 2014 to April 2016. The median age of the patients was 40 years. The sex ratio was 17:2 in favor of females. Out of 38 patients, 18 patients were diagnosed with multinodular goiter, 8 were follicular carcinoma thyroid, 5 were papillary carcinoma thyroid, 2 were medullary carcinoma thyroid, 4 were adenomatoid nodule, and 1 patient was diagnosed to have thyroid abscess. In addition, 31 patients underwent total thyroidectomy, 6 patients underwent hemithyroidectomy when 1 patient underwent incision and drainage for thyroid abscess.

Results:
39% (n = 15) of the patients developed hypocalcemia postoperatively. 87% (n = 11) of the patients were symptomatic and required calcium correction. Two patients had delayed presentation of hypocalcemia on postoperative day 5. One patient who underwent hemithyroidectomy developed hypocalcemia in the postoperative period. Trousseau's sign was the most typical clinical feature seen in hypocalcemia patients. In the present study, no significant association of hypocalcemia with the female gender was noted, and we did not find any association of hypocalcemia with advancing age. We did not find any association between hypocalcemia and prolonged surgery duration or increased blood loss in the present study. In addition, we did not see any increase in the incidence of hypocalcemia in patients who underwent thyroidectomy combined with lymph node clearance.

Conclusion:
The rate of postoperative hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery in this study was 39%. It coincides with the incidence reported elsewhere in the world. Although the risk of hypocalcemia was associated with increased blood loss, prolonged surgery, and extent of surgery, it was not statistically significant. If a similar study is conducted on a larger scale, including a broader spectrum of the population, important factors that influence postoperative hypocalcemia may be recognized.
Evaluation of blood clot and collagen sponge in regeneration of nonvital immature permanent anterior teeth
Authors: Ismaeal Sara H. , Elhendawy Fatma A.A. , Khattab Arafa 
Published: September 2024

Introduction
Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) of permanent anterior teeth is a common dental problem among the children. Pulpal necrosis is the critical result of traumatic dental injury as it makes a challenge in endodontic and restorative procedures. Revascularization is one of most recent treatment of such teeth.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the regenerative potential of the blood clot and collagen sponge as scaffold in revascularization of nonvital immature permanent anterior teeth using biodentine for coronal bacterial tight seal.

Materials and methods
This study was conducted on 30 anterior teeth on healthy children aged from 7 to 9 years. The selected patients were divided into two groups according to scaffold used: group I (blood clot scaffold) and group II (combined blood clot and collagen scaffold). Clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months follow up.

Results
The results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Conclusion
It was concluded that, the revascularization with blood clot and collagen sponge has no significant differences in clinical and radiographic evaluation criteria.
Comparative evaluation of bromelain, double antibiotic paste, and calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: El Gendi Huda A.A. , Hamdy Mai 
Published: September 2024

Aim:
The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the antimicrobial effect of double antibiotic paste with that of bromelain and calcium hydroxide in eradication of E. faecalis. Hypothesis: we hypothesized that Bromelain may act as an intracanal medicament.

Materials and methods:
For this study, 40 extracted human teeth were used. After their decapitation, they were initially instrumented to reach 20 K-file, later they were separated into one control and three experimental groups (n=10) according to the medicament used; Group 1: Bromelain paste, Group 2: Control group, canals were left without any medicament, Group 3: Calcium hydroxide (CH)and Group 4: Double antibiotic paste (DAP). Preparation of all samples was done using Step- back technique to reach #50 file, irrigation using sodium hypochlorite solution of 2.6% concentration and EDTA, then intracanal medicaments were applied. First sample (S1) was collected after inoculation of bacteria into root canals. Second sample (S2) was collected after undergoing instrumentation and irrigation. Third sample (S3) was taken following application of medicament. Sterile cotton pellet and temporary restoration were then applied for seven days. Broth Heart Infusion (BHI) agar was used for culturing of samples then went under incubation to count Colony Forming Unit (CFU's).

Results:
Regarding S1 samples (after inoculation of bacteria) and S2 (after undergoing instrumentation and irrigation). In all groups, there was no statistically significant difference between them. While S 3 samples showed statistically significant difference in all groups. S3 Samples in Bromelain group showed the least statistically significant bacterial count followed by double antibiotic paste then calcium hydroxide group while S3 samples in negative control group showed the highest statistically significant bacterial count.

Conclusion:
Bromelain was found as an effective herbal intracanal medicament as it gives superior antimicrobial property compared to other intracanal medicaments.

Clinical significance:
Intracanal medicament from herbal sources like Bromelain is recommended for root canal disinfection as it has a promising effect with less side effect compared with other intracanal medicaments.
Comparing the effects of intrathecal and intra-articular magnesium sulfate and fentanyl on pain after knee arthroscopy; double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Safaripoor Houriye , Modir Hesameddin , Susanabadi Alireza , Shahtaheri Seyed Yosef , Khamene Mohsen Parsi 
Published: September 2024

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of intrathecal and intra-articular magnesium sulfate (IA-Mg) and fentanyl on pain after knee arthroscopy (KA).

Materials and Methods:
This double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 2022–2023. One hundred and forty candidates for KA were randomly allocated to four groups, namely intrathecal magnesium sulfate, IA-Mg, intrathecal fentanyl (IT-F), and intra-articular fentanyl. A medical intern used a 0–10 visual analog scale to assess participants’ post-KA pain at recovery and 1, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after KA. Participants with a pain score of more than 4 were provided with intravenous pethidine 25 mg. Data were analyzed at a significance level of < 0.05 and using the SPSS software (version 22.0).

Results:
No significant difference was found among the groups respecting participants’ arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate, blood pressure, and KA duration (P > 0.05). The mean score of pain significantly increased in all study groups (P < 0.05) and the mean score of pain in the IA-Mg group was significantly less than the other groups (P = 0.001). Respecting postoperative complications, only six cases from the IT-F group experienced pruritus (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
IA-Mg can significantly reduce post-KA pain and the need for postoperative analgesics. Therefore, it may be a safe and effective adjacent therapy for post-KA pain management.
Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Choudhury Parasmita Das , Raja Dina , Sarma Vaishali 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Human dirofilariasis is a rare infection caused by filarial worms of genus Dirofilaria. Humans may be infected as aberrant (accidental) hosts, mainly by Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis. Most of the cases reported in India are of ocular dirofilariasis, with a few reports on subcutaneous dirofilariasis. We hereby report one such case of human subcutaneous dirofilariasis affecting the neck region of a 63-year male patient from Assam. This case indicates that this infection is a potentially emerging zoonosis in Assam and there is scope of finding more such cases with surveillance.
Molecular diagnosis and subtyping of Blastocystis sp.: Association with clinical, colonoscopic, and histopathological findings
Authors: Issa Yasmine Amr , Ooda Said Ahmed , Salem Aziza Ibrahim , Idris Sahar Nasr , Elderbawy Mona Mohammed , Tolba Mona Mohamed 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Blastocystis sp. is the most common parasitic infestation in humans. However, its pathogenicity remains controversial. Our aim was to study the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. parasite subtypes in patients with gastrointestinal manifestations referred for colonoscopy and assess possible correlation with clinical, colonoscopic, and histopathological findings.

Methodology:
One hundred patients with gastrointestinal manifestations referred for colonoscopy were enrolled. Stool samples were collected and examined both microscopically and by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for detection of Blastocystis sp. Subtyping was done for positive samples by qPCR and confirmed by sequencing.

Results:
qPCR sensitivity far exceeded microscopy in detection of Blastocystis sp. (58% vs. 31%, agreement 38.5%). The most commonly detected subtype was 3 (50%), followed by 2 (32.8%) and 4 (13.8%). Abdominal pain was the most common clinical symptom; inflammation and colitis were the most common abnormal colonoscopic and histopathological findings. The most frequent subtype encountered in those findings was Subtype 3.

Conclusions:
This study confirmed the importance of using qPCR in diagnosis of Blastocystis sp. An association between abnormal clinical, colonoscopic, and histopathological findings on the one hand, and Blastocystis sp. infestation, especially Subtype 3, on the other hand, is also posed. This necessitates further studies to assess the mechanism of association with pathogenicity.
Prevalence of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax among patients with periodontal disease attending Dental Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan
Authors: Oladokun Adenike Olatundun , Ogboru Paul , Opeodu Olanrewaju I. , Lawal Ahmed O. , Falade Mofolusho O. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Periodontal disease is often caused by bacterial plaque. However, there are indications that some infective agents, including parasites, may play important roles in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Aim:
This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis, as well as the prevalence of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax, in the oral biofilm of individuals with periodontal diseases using polymerase chain reaction.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and six respondents with periodontal disease participated in the study. All study participants had a full-mouth examination, and dental plaque samples were collected with a sterile curette. Samples were transported to the laboratory in a cold chain and stored frozen till analyzed. DNA was extracted from the samples and amplified using EGO and ENTAM primers for Entamoeba and TGBK primers for T. tenax.

Results:
The mean age of respondents was 45 ± 16.3 years, with none using tobacco. The prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis obtained from this study was 84.9% and 15.1%. The prevalence obtained for Entamoeba and T. tenax was 0.9% each; however, no participant had both parasites. The positive samples were from male participants with moderate gingivitis.

Conclusion:
Gingivitis was more prevalent than periodontitis, though with a high preponderance in females. E. gingivalis and T. tenax may not be of etiologic importance in periodontal disease as they occurred sparsely in the studied population.
Blastocystis spp. infection in cases of diarrhea
Authors: Jha Sweta , Gupta Pratima , Bhatia Mohit 
Published: September 2024

Context:
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPI) are among the most common infections throughout the world. Blastocystis spp. is a mysterious parasite which is commonly encountered in tropical countries. Its pathogenic status is unknown and there is a paucity of literature about this organism from the state of Uttarakhand, India.

Aims:
The aim was to estimate the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. in diarrheal stools.

Settings and Design:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to July 2019.

Subjects and Methods:
Nonrepetitive stool samples of 187 consecutive patients of diarrhea attending the inpatient department and outpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital located in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, were collected after obtaining informed written consent. These samples were subjected to wet mount microscopy and permanent staining.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Fisher's exact test and Kappa coefficient were used in this study.

Results:
The mean age ± standard deviation of the patients was 36.04 ± 11.31 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.49:1. The prevalence of IPI was 36.09%. Giardia intestinalis was the most common parasite. Blastocystis spp. was observed in 6.42% of the stool samples, majority of which were obtained from cases of chronic diarrhea. Moderate agreement (0.48) was observed between wet mount microscopy and permanent staining in the identification of Blastocystis spp.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to assess the burden and role of different epidemiological and clinical profiles of Blastocystis spp. in Uttarakhand. More studies are required to know its pathogenesis and its role as opportunistic pathogen.
A Comparison of the International Index of Erectile Function and Measurement of Nocturnal Penile Tumescence Using the Androscan MIT Device
Authors: Chaliy Michail E. , Ohobotov Dmitri Alexsandrovich , Sorokin Nikolay Ivanovich , Kadrev Aleksey Viktorovich , Dyachuk Larisa I. , Strigunov Andrey A. , Nesterova Olga Yu , Mikhalchenko Alexey V. , Bogachev Roman K. , Abbosov Shukhrat Anvarovich , Tivtikyan Alexander S. , Kamalov Armais A. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To determine the agreement between two erectile dysfunction (ED) diagnostic methods, International Index of Erectile Function-15 (IIEF-15) questionnaire and “Androscan MIT” night penile tumescence recorder.

Materials and Methods:
An assessment of ED in 40 patients (age, 25–60 years) was performed using the “Androscan MIT” device and IIEF-15 questionnaire (erectile domain). Cohen's kappa coefficient and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to examine the difference between “Androscan MIT” and IIEF-15 questionnaire results. During ROC-analyses “Androscan MIT” results were considered the gold standard for ED diagnosis.

Results:
“Androscan MIT” results had a significant but weak positive correlation with IIEF-15 questionnaire (kappa value = 0.333, P < 0.01). Based on the ROC-analyses, it was found that the sensitivity and specificity of the IIEF-15 questionnaire for severe ED according to “Androscan MIT” were 100% and 55.9%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the IIEF-15 questionnaire for moderate ED according to “Androscan MIT” were 63.2% and 57.1%, and for mild ED, 23.1% and 33.3% respectively. The lowest accuracy of the IIEF-15 questionnaire was for patients with normal erectile function (sensitivity and specificity were 0% and 44.7%, respectively).

Conclusion:
The agreement between the objective and subjective diagnosis of ED remains low. At the same time, the lower severity of ED according to “Androscan MIT” is associated with less diagnostic value of IIEF-15.