bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of the Internal Load and Performance-Based Responses to Simulated Amateur Boxing
Authors: Thomson Edward D. , Lamb Kevin L. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Thomson, ED and Lamb, KL. Reproducibility of the internal load and performance-based responses to simulated amateur boxing. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3396–3402, 2017—The aim of this study was to examine the reproducibility of the internal load and performance-based responses to repeated bouts of a three-round amateur boxing simulation protocol (boxing conditioning and fitness test [BOXFIT]). Twenty-eight amateur boxers completed 2 familiarization trials before performing 2 complete trials of the BOXFIT, separated by 4–7 days. To characterize the internal load, mean (HRmean) and peak (HRpeak) heart rate, breath-by-breath oxygen uptake (V̇o
2), aerobic energy expenditure, excess carbon dioxide production (CO2excess), and ratings of perceived exertion were recorded throughout each round, and blood lactate determined post-BOXFIT. Additionally, an indication of the performance-based demands of the BOXFIT was provided by a measure of acceleration of the punches thrown in each round. Analyses revealed there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between repeated trials in any round for all dependent measures. The typical error (coefficient variation %) for all but 1 marker of internal load (CO2excess) was 1.2–16.5% and reflected a consistency that was sufficient for the detection of moderate changes in variables owing to an intervention. The reproducibility of the punch accelerations was high (coefficient of variance % range = 2.1–2.7%). In general, these findings suggest that the internal load and performance-based efforts recorded during the BOXFIT are reproducible and, thereby, offer practitioners a method by which meaningful changes impacting on performance could be identified.
Opposing Effects of Valproic Acid Treatment Mediated by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Activity in Four TransgenicX. laevisModels of Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Vent-Schmidt Ruanne Y.J. , Wen Runxia H. , Zong Zusheng , Chiu Colette N. , Tam Beatrice M. , May Christopher G. , Moritz Orson L. 
Published: December 2016

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal degeneration (RD) that leads to blindness for which no treatment is available. RP is frequently caused by mutations inRhodopsin; in some animal models, RD is exacerbated by light. Valproic acid (VPA) is a proposed treatment for RP and other neurodegenerative disorders, with a phase II trial for RP under way. However, the therapeutic mechanism is unclear, with minimal research supporting its use in RP. We investigated the effects of VPA onXenopus laevismodels of RP expressing human P23H, T17M, T4K, and Q344ter rhodopsins, which are associated with RP in humans. VPA ameliorated RD associated with P23H rhodopsin and promoted clearing of mutant rhodopsin from photoreceptors. The effect was equal to that of dark rearing, with no additive effect observed. Rescue of visual function was confirmed by electroretinography. In contrast, VPA exacerbated RD caused by T17M rhodopsin in light, but had no effect in darkness. Effects in T4K and Q344ter rhodopsin models were also negative. These effects of VPA were paralleled by treatment with three additional histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, but not other antipsychotics, chemical chaperones, or VPA structural analogues. In WT retinas, VPA treatment increased histone H3 acetylation. In addition, electron microscopy showed increased autophagosomes in rod inner segments with HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) treatment, potentially linking the therapeutic effects in P23H rhodopsin animals and negative effects in other models with autophagy. Our results suggest that the success or failure of VPA treatment is dependent on genotype and that HDACi treatment is contraindicated for some RP cases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited, degenerative retinal disease that leads to blindness for which no therapy is available. We determined that valproic acid (VPA), currently undergoing a phase II trial for RP, has both beneficial and detrimental effects in animal models of RP depending on the underlying disease mechanism and that both effects are due to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition possibly linked to autophagy regulation. Off-label use of VPA and other HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of RP should be limited to the research setting until this effect is understood and can be predicted. Our study suggests that, unless genotype is accounted for, clinical trials for RP treatments may give negative results due to multiple disease mechanisms with differential responses to therapeutic interventions.
Target-Dependent Compartmentalization of the Corelease of Glutamate and GABA from the Mossy Fibers
Authors: Galván Emilio J. , Gutiérrez Rafael 
Published: December 2016

The mossy fibers (MFs) corelease glutamate and GABA onto pyramidal cells of CA3 during development, until the end of the third postnatal week. However, the major target cells of the MF are the interneurons of CA3. Therefore, it has been shown that the interneurons of the hilus and stratum lucidum receive this dual monosynaptic input on MF stimulation. Because the plasticity of glutamatergic transmission from the different terminals of the MF is target specific, we here asked whether the corelease of glutamate and GABA was also subjected to a target-dependent compartmentalization. We analyzed the occurrence and plasticity of MF simultaneous glutamatergic–GABAergic signaling onto interneurons of the different strata of CA3 in rats during the third postnatal week. We show the coexistence of time-locked, glutamate receptor and GABA receptor-mediated mono synaptic responses evoked by MF stimulation in interneurons from stratum lucidum and stratum radiatum, but not in interneurons from stratum lacunosum-moleculare. As expected from the transmission of MF origin, MF GABAergic responses were depressed by the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Strikingly, while MF glutamatergic responses underwent LTD, the simultaneous MF GABAergic responses of stratum lucidum interneurons, but not of stratum radiatum interneurons, displayed a Hebbian form of LTP that was mimicked by PKC activation. PKA activation potentiated MF glutamatergic responses of stratum radiatum interneurons, whereas in stratum lucidum interneurons only GABAergic responses were potentiated. We here disclose that the corelease of glutamate and GABA, as well as their plasticity are compartmentalized in a target-dependent manner, showing counterbalanced compensatory plasticity of two neurotransmitters released by different terminals of the same pathway.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mossy fibers transiently corelease glutamate and GABA onto pyramidal cells of CA3. We here describe that they can also corelease these amino acids onto interneurons, in a target-dependent manner. Many interneurons in stratum lucidum and stratum radiatum receive both signals, while those in stratum lacunosum-moleculare exclusively receive a glutamatergic signal. It is noteworthy that glutamatergic LTD, which is known to exist on stratum lucidum interneurons, coexists in the same pathway with a presynaptic form of GABAergic LTP, while interneurons of stratum radiatum, despite receiving this dual signaling, do not display such plasticity. The GABAergic LTP is mimicked with PKA or PKC activation. We disclose compartmentalized corelease of glutamate and GABA and its differential plasticity from a single pathway onto different interneuron sets.
Promoted Interaction of C/EBPα with DemethylatedCxcr3Gene Promoter Contributes to Neuropathic Pain in Mice
Authors: Jiang Bao-Chun , He Li-Na , Wu Xiao-Bo , Shi Hui , Zhang Wen-Wen , Zhang Zhi-Jun , Cao De-Li , Li Chun-Hua , Gu Jun , Gao Yong-Jing 
Published: December 2016

DNA methylation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic pain. However, the specific genes regulated by DNA methylation under neuropathic pain condition remain largely unknown. Here we investigated how chemokine receptor CXCR3 is regulated by DNA methylation and how it contributes to neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in mice. SNL increasedCxcr3mRNA and protein expression in the neurons of the spinal cord. Meanwhile, the CpG (5′-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3′) island in theCxcr3gene promoter region was demethylated, and the expression of DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) was decreased. SNL also increased the binding of CCAAT (cytidine–cytidine–adenosine–adenosine–thymidine)/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) withCxcr3promoter and decreased the binding of DNMT3b withCxcr3promoter in the spinal cord. C/EBPα expression was increased in spinal neurons after SNL, and inhibition of C/EBPα by intrathecal small interfering RNA attenuated SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity and reducedCxcr3expression. Furthermore, SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia were markedly reduced inCxcr3−/−mice. Spinal inhibition ofCxcr3by shRNA or CXCR3 antagonist also attenuated established neuropathic pain. Moreover, CXCL10, the ligand of CXCR3, was increased in spinal neurons and astrocytes after SNL. Superfusing spinal cord slices with CXCL10 enhanced spontaneous EPSCs and potentiated NMDA-induced and AMPA-induced currents of lamina II neurons. Finally, intrathecal injection of CXCL10 induced CXCR3-dependent pain hypersensitivity in naive mice. Collectively, our results demonstrated that CXCR3, increased by DNA demethylation and the enhanced interaction with C/EBPα, can be activated by CXCL10 to facilitate excitatory synaptic transmission and contribute to the maintenance of neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPeripheral nerve injury induces changes of gene expression in the spinal cord that may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor. Whether it is involved in neuropathic pain and how it is regulated after nerve injury remain largely unknown. Our study demonstrates that spinal nerve ligation downregulates the expression of DNMT3b, which may cause demethylation ofCxcr3gene promoter and facilitate the binding of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α withCxcr3promoter and further increase CXCR3 expression in spinal neurons. The upregulated CXCR3 may contribute to neuropathic pain by facilitating central sensitization. Our study reveals an epigenetic mechanism underlying CXCR3 expression and also suggests that targeting the expression or activation of CXCR3 signaling may offer new therapeutics for neuropathic pain.
Selective Deletion of Sodium Salt Taste during Development Leads to Expanded Terminal Fields of Gustatory Nerves in the Adult Mouse Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
Authors: Sun Chengsan , Hummler Edith , Hill David L. 
Published: December 2016

Neuronal activity plays a key role in the development of sensory circuits in the mammalian brain. In the gustatory system, experimental manipulations now exist, through genetic manipulations of specific taste transduction processes, to examine how specific taste qualities (i.e., basic tastes) impact the functional and structural development of gustatory circuits. Here, we used a mouse knock-out model in which the transduction component used to discriminate sodium salts from other taste stimuli was deleted in taste bud cells throughout development. We used this model to test the hypothesis that the lack of activity elicited by sodium salt taste impacts the terminal field organization of nerves that carry taste information from taste buds to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) in the medulla. The glossopharyngeal, chorda tympani, and greater superficial petrosal nerves were labeled to examine their terminal fields in adult control mice and in adult mice in which the α-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel was conditionally deleted in taste buds (αENaC knockout). The terminal fields of all three nerves in the NST were up to 2.7 times greater in αENaC knock-out mice compared with the respective field volumes in control mice. The shapes of the fields were similar between the two groups; however, the density and spread of labels were greater in αENaC knock-out mice. Overall, our results show that disruption of the afferent taste signal to sodium salts disrupts the normal age-dependent “pruning” of all terminal fields, which could lead to alterations in sensory coding and taste-related behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeural activity plays a major role in the development of sensory circuits in the mammalian brain. To date, there has been no direct test of whether taste-elicited neural activity has a role in shaping central gustatory circuits. However, recently developed genetic tools now allow an assessment of how specific taste stimuli, in this case sodium salt taste, play a role in the maturation of the terminal fields in the mouse brainstem. We found that the specific deletion of sodium salt taste during development produced terminal fields in adults that were dramatically larger than in control mice, demonstrating for the first time that sodium salt taste-elicited activity is necessary for the normal maturation of gustatory inputs into the brain.
Independent Neural Computation of Value from Other People's Confidence
Authors: Campbell-Meiklejohn Daniel , Simonsen Arndis , Frith Chris D. , Daw Nathaniel D. 
Published: December 2016

Expectation of reward can be shaped by the observation of actions and expressions of other people in one's environment. A person's apparent confidence in the likely reward of an action, for instance, makes qualities of their evidence, not observed directly, socially accessible. This strategy is computationally distinguished from associative learning methods that rely on direct observation, by its use of inference from indirect evidence. In twenty-three healthy human subjects, we isolated effects of first-hand experience, other people's choices, and the mediating effect of their confidence, on decision-making and neural correlates of value within ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Value derived from first-hand experience and other people's choices (regardless of confidence) were indiscriminately represented across vmPFC. However, value computed from agent choices weighted by their associated confidence was represented with specificity for ventromedial area 10. This pattern corresponds to shifts of connectivity and overlapping cognitive processes along a posterior-anterior vmPFC axis. Task behavior and self-reported self-reliance for decision-making in other social contexts correlated. The tendency to conform in other social contexts corresponded to increased activation in cortical regions previously shown to respond to social conflict in proportion to subsequent conformity (Campbell-Meiklejohn et al., 2010). The tendency to self-monitor predicted a selectively enhanced response to accordance with others in the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ). The findings anatomically decompose vmPFC value representations according to computational requirements and provide biological insight into the social transmission of preference and reassurance gained from the confidence of others.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDecades of research have provided evidence that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) signals the satisfaction we expect from imminent actions. However, we have a surprisingly modest understanding of the organization of value across this substantial and varied region. This study finds that using cues of the reliability of other peoples' knowledge to enhance expectation of personal success generates value correlates that are anatomically distinct from those concurrently computed from direct, personal experience. This suggests that representation of decision values in vmPFC is suborganized according to the underlying computation, consistent with what we know about the anatomical heterogeneity of the region. These results also provide insight into the observational learning process by which someone else's confidence can sway and reassure our choices.
Capturing native interactions: intrinsic methods to study chromatin conformation
Authors: Rowley M Jordan , Corces Victor G 
Published: December 2016

The 3D organization of chromatin controls gene expression through spatial interactions between genomic loci. FISH and 3C‐based methods that are commonly used to study chromatin organization utilize chemical crosslinking, a step that may introduce biases in detectable chromatin interactions. In their recent study, Papantonis and colleagues (Brant et al, ) developed alternative new methods of detecting chromatin contacts without the use of chemical crosslinking agents. These tools increase the resolution and confidence at which interactions can be identified, and may be informative for chromatin interaction dynamics.
Increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with Cushing’s syndrome compared with weight- and age-matched controls
Authors: Gokosmanoğlu Feyzi , Güzel Aygül , Kan Elif Kilic , Atmaca Hulusi 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveDiabetes mellitus and obesity are well-known risk factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is also characterized by obesity and diabetes mellitus. However, the association between CS and OSA remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the possible associations between CS and OSA in this study.Patients and methodsThirty female patients with newly diagnosed active CS and 30 age-, gender- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls were included in this study. All participants were evaluated by overnight polysomnography. OSA was defined as having an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) score of ≥5 events/h. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) scores. Fasting serum cortisol was also determined.ResultsThe prevalence of OSA was higher (50% vs 23%,P = 0.003) in patients with CS compared with the control subjects. The mean HOMA (P = 0.046) and AHI (P = 0.028) scores were higher in patients with CS compared with the control subjects. AHI was positively correlated with the HOMA scores (r = 0.281,P = 0.046) in both groups. Linear regression analysis showed that serum cortisol remained as an independent predictor for AHI after controlling for BMI and HOMA score (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of OSA increased in patients with CS compared with control subjects with similar ages and BMI levels. Hypercortisolemia is an independent risk factor for developing OSA. The presence of OSA needs to be considered in patients with CS.
Studi Literatur tentang Riset Zakat
Authors: Rusydiana Aam Slamet , Al Farisi Salman 
Published: December 2016

Literature Study on Zakah Research. Zakah is not only as religious rituality but also could touch humanity aspect by empowering its potency to maximize public wealth. The research related to zakah is still lacking compare to Islamic banking research. This study review on research around zakah. The study use descriptive statistical analysis based on 100 journal publications related to zakah, both national and international journal. The entire sample journal publications have published last 5 years from 2011 to 2015. Results show that the zakah research is still dominated by the discussion of zakah institution (26%), followed by distribution of zakah(22%), zakah management (21%) and poverty (20%). The last theme is about zakah collection (11%). In addition, comparison of quantitative research and mixed methods are still far less than the qualitative approach.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i2.4458
Redes sociais e a promoção de diálogo entre israelenses e palestinos
Authors: Barkay Rafaela 
Published: December 2016

O presente estudo trata da interação online entre israelenses e palestinos observada em um grupo de discussão no Facebook durante os anos de 2014/2015. Ao explorar o potencial de diálogo entre indivíduos separados fisicamente promovido pelo advento das redes sociais, e buscar fundamentação em modelos desenvolvidos na área de Resolução de Conflitos, pretende-se demostrar a possibilidade de encontro entre estas duas populações em conflito, mesmo que as barreiras físicas e as políticas de Estado o impeçam de ser presencial.
The insoluble conflict of the racial divide – white and black – in Nella Larsen’s novels Passing and Quicksand
Authors: Müller Luciane Oliveira 
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho apresenta uma leitura dos romances Quicksand e Passing na sala de aula focando nas questões de raça e conflitos de passing. Esses romances foram publicados, respectivamente em 1928 e 1929, pela escritora Afro- mericana Nella Larsen durante o movimento cultural e estético chamado Harlem Renaissance, um movimento cujo apogeu aconteceu nos anos 20 do século passado provocando a elevação da consciência racial e a emergência da literatura Afro-americana. Nesta década, a experiência de passing constituía um dos temas privilegiados em alguns romances de escritores Afro-americanos. Minha análise se sustenta na obra de Thadious M. Davis, Elaine K. Ginsber e Martha J. Cutter em relação a conflitos raciais e identitários. No entrelaçamento de elementos psicológicos e culturais, minha leitura mostra como esses romances dramatizam o conflito insolúvel da raça dividida – branca e negra – que destaca as lutas e dificuldades das personagens quando se deparam com o vazio do pertencimento do qual trata a experiência de passing. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo abordar e discutir em sala de aula o aspecto cultural de conflitos raciais que é algo sempre atual e relevante.
AR ŠĶIDRUMU APSILDĀMU SIVĒNU GRĪDU PANEĻU PĒTĪJUMI
Authors: Plūme I. , Iļjins U. , Ziemelis I. 
Published: December 2016

Lauksaimniecības ražošanas blakusproduktu (kūtsmēslu, salmu, niedru u.c.) kompostēšanas procesā izdalīto zemas temperatūras (30 - 6COCJ siltumu iespējams izmantot sivēnu grīdas paneļu uzsildīšanai. LLU Fizikas katedrā un Mehānikas institūtā veikti teorētiski un praktiski pētījumi betona paneļu apsildīšanai ar šķidru siltumnesēju. Iegūtas sakarības betona paneļa virsmas temperatūras noteikšanai pie regulāra un neregulāra vijumu novietojuma panelī. Veikti eksperimentāli siltuma režīmu pētījumi panelim (1.0x0.5x0.1 m) ar regulāru un armētam panelim (1.2x0.8x0.75 m) ar neregulāru siltumnesēja vijumu izvietojumu. Pētījumos noskaidrota paneļu virsmas temperatūra, tās sadalījums pa paneļa šķērsgriezumu atkarībā no sildītāja vertikālā novietojuma un vijumu novietojuma panelī.
Technical, Economical and Ecological Estimation of Up-To-Date Combined Soil Tillage, Fertilising and Sowing Machines
Authors: Pinnis U. , Ruciņš Ā. , Vilde A. , Cēsnieks S. 
Published: December 2016

Comparative studies have been carried out to estimate the possibilities, purposefulness and efficiency of combine soil tollage, fertilising and sowing machines and units for field crops used on peasant farms under the Baltic conditions. It is found out that most widely used machines and units are aggregates combining pre-sowing tillage of soil (combined cultivators, or revolving power harrow), mineral fertiliser application (pneumatic distributors) and grain sowing (pneumatic, or mechanical sowing machines). As to the agrotechnical terms, the ploughing-sowing aggregates may have limited application. The most suitable are tractor-mounted machines. For combined aggregates preference should be given to more powerful tractors having frontally mounted equipment as well. In contrast to single-operational machines, the use of combined aggregates removes the weather risk, improves the quality of work, raises their efficiency, reduces the consumption of energy and fuel (accordingly, the amount of harmful exhaust gases) and cuts the total costs by 10-18 %. For agrotechnical, energetic, economical and ecological considerations the up-to-date combined aggregates of soil tillage; fertiliser application and sowing are efficient and should be widely introduced on the farms of Latvia.