bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroeconomic Effects of Capital Account Liberalisation in India
Authors: Taneja Deepti , Ansari Nasim 
Published: June 2016

In this article, we examined the macroeconomic effects of capital account liberalisation in India. Econometric analyses based on annual data for the period 1993–1994 to 2012–2013 reveal a number of interesting observations. The conclusion drawn is that there exist a unique long-run relationship between economic growth and capital account openness. The long-run relationship was also observed between capital account openness and gross domestic capital formation (GDCF), and between capital account openness and real effective exchange rate (REER). Results of the cointegration test are indicative of the fact that the increased inflows of private foreign capital in India since 1993 might account for the disturbances in the equilibrium relationship between numbers of macroeconomic variables. From the causality analysis it was observed that capital openness must be preceded by trade openness and a more developed domestic financial system. JEL Classification: F10, F15, F32, F36, O43, G21
Virtual and Print Newspaper Coexistence
Authors: Dhande Suhas , Thoke Nutan , Satpute Gayatri 
Published: June 2016

The technology revolution has drastically changed all the day-to-day activities we do. Newspaper is amongst it. Newspaper started in India in early nineteenth century in the print form and is growing year by year till date. Although the print newspaper is dominating the era at present, the online form, which has emerged recently, is about to dominate its print version. Almost every newspaper is having its online version, and some newspapers in the USA have recently stopped their print version and are targeting to go 100 per cent online.1 Rather, some newspapers like The New York Times have stopped their print version and gone completely online. This trend is quite visible in developed countries, and it also has major footprint in developing countries. Hence, this article attempts to find the trend in developing countries, especially India, and various factors affecting that. This article discusses preferences of online and print newspapers, tests those statistically and verifies the results with another statistical tool. Furthermore, it discusses the future of print newspapers. JEL Classification: D03, D12, D83
Probing Resilience
Authors: Montpetit Mignon A. , Tiberio Stacey S. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives The current study explores one way the process of resilience arises by investigating the underlying process of stress appraisal. In particular, the analyses examine how resilience resources function each day to attenuate the extent to which life experiences are perceived as threatening, and how trait-like resilience resources shape the appraisal process. Method Daily diary and questionnaire data from 96 participants of Successful Aging in Context: The Macroenvironment and Daily Lived Experience (SAIC; MAge = 67 years, SDAge = 4.9 years; range: 58–86 years) were analyzed using multilevel random coefficient modeling to investigate how individuals’ daily perceptions of control and self-esteem impacted perceived stress on a given day. Results Results suggested that both self-esteem and environmental mastery help mitigate the experience of stress; furthermore, dispositional resilience and self-esteem stability predict differences between individuals in the extent to which self-esteem tempers the perception of stress each day. Discussion The results inform theoretical and empirical work on the nature of resilience, especially regarding how the process arises in ordinary life. From an application perspective, results imply that augmenting environmental mastery and self-esteem, both of which are malleable, can facilitate resilience by helping elders challenge their perceptions of stress each day.
Binding characteristics of Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Li+ with humic substances: Implication to trace element enrichment in low-rank coals
Authors: He Hong-Tao , Xing Le-Cai , Zhang Jing-Sen , Tang Mao 
Published: June 2016

Binding characteristics of metal ions (Li+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+) with humic substances (HSs) are investigated by first principle calculation at BP86/SDD level. In the present work, HSs are well represented by singly deprotonated alkyl/aryl carboxylic acid. The results reveal that the bidentate is the strongest complexation form. Moreover, with the increase of ionic potential, the binding energies of HSs to chelate metal ions increase in order, Li+ < Cd2+ < Zn2+ < Cu2+. The nature of the ligand also exerts important influence on the stability of organometallic complexes. Specifically, for Li+, the ionic bond-forming part occurs as electroneutrality. Whatever electron-donating groups or electron-withdrawing groups including alkyl, aryl and its derivatives (salicylic acid and m (p)-substituted gallic acid by hydroxyl or amino) and carbon-carbon double bond connects to the carboxylate group, the electron density of the ionic bond-forming part will be changed resulting in the decrease of binding energy (BE). However, for ions with high ionic potential or high positive charge density (Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+), the ionic bond-forming part is positively charged. From electron-withdrawing groups to electron-donating groups, the extent to deviate from electroneutrality is gradually decreased, although the quantity of electron is possibly insufficient to balance the extra positive charge. As a result, the BE value gradually increases, but does not reach a maximum for studied ions and ligands. Besides, mixed functional groups are able to stabilize organometallic complexes. The optimal mixed functional group is carboxyl and hydroxyl on ortho position, followed by two hydroxyls, hydroxyl and carbonyl, carboxyl and carbonyl, two carboxyls. Strong electron-withdrawing effect attributes to the decrease of the BE value for the latter three. In the end, the geochemical behavior of trace elements in coalification is predicted: small organic acids generated by decomposition of dead plants in relatively oxidized environments will facilitate the enrichment of lithium and this proportion of lithium will be released into pore water in the polymerization of small molecules, possibly accumulating in secondary minerals in low-rank coals; metal ions with high ionic potential bonded by organic molecules will be released in a later stage and accumulate in slightly higher rank coals.
Thoracoscopic sympathicotomy in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis
Authors: Bagheri Reza , Sharifian Attar Alireza , Haghi Seyed Ziaollah , Salehi Maryam , Moradpoor Rosita 
Published: June 2016

Background Primary hyperhidrosis interferes with social activities and requires an effective and safe treatment. We aimed to compare the therapeutic outcomes of unilateral single-port sympathicotomy and open surgery. Methods Forty patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis underwent sympathicotomy; 20 had open surgery, and 20 had video-assisted thoracic surgery. Complete resection of the T1 to T4 ganglia was performed by open surgery, and cutting and cauterization of the sympathetic chain between the T2 and T3 ganglia in the dominant hand was undertaken using video-assisted thoracic surgery. The patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Results The mean operative times were 39.6 ± 1.46 and 79.8 ± 1.53 min in the video-assisted thoracic surgery and open surgery group, respectively. The mean hospitalization was 2.2 ± 0.41 days after video-assisted thoracic surgery and 3.3 ± 0.47 days after open surgery. Complications included delayed hemothorax, compensatory hyperhidrosis, and wound infection. The mean blood loss during surgery and time to return to work were significantly less in the video-assisted thoracic surgery group. Excessive sweating was completely alleviated in the dominant hand in all patients, and in the opposite hand in 60% and 65% of the video-assisted thoracic surgery and open surgery group, respectively. Conclusion Single-port sympathicotomy between the T2 and T3 ganglia ipsilateral to the dominant hand is a safe, minimally invasive, and effective treatment for primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Alleviation of excessive sweating in the opposite hand can also be achieved in a large proportion of these patients.
Effectiveness of backward walking training on walking ability in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abdel-aziem Amr A , El-Basatiny Heba MY 
Published: June 2016

Objective: To compare the effects of backward walking training and forward walking training on spatiotemporal gait parameters, and gross motor function measures in children with cerebral palsy. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Physical therapy clinics. Subjects: A total of 30 children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy of both sexes (10 to 14 years of age, classified as I or II by gross motor function classification system) participated in this study. They were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Interventions: Both groups received a conventional physical therapy program for 12 successive weeks (three sessions per week). The experimental group additionally received (25 min) backward walking training. The control group additionally received (25 min) forward walking training. Outcome measures: Baseline, posttreatment, and follow-up assessment for spatiotemporal gait parameters and gross motor functions were evaluated by using three dimensional gait analysis system and gross motor function measures. Results: There was a significant improvement in step length, walking velocity, cadence, stance phase, and swing phase percentage and gross motor function measures (Dimensions D and E) of the experimental group (0.55 ±0.16, 0.53 ±0.19, 121.73 ±2.89, 54.73 ±1.67, 44.40 ±1.40, 90.20 ±6.44, 82.47 ±12.82), respectively, than the control group (0.39 ±0.13, 0.46 ±0.20, 125.80 ±2.96, 50.27 ±1.62, 49.47 ±1.55, 82.47 ±7.05, 80.47 ±12.61), respectively, ( p < 0.05). The significant improvement of all measured outcomes of the experimental group was maintained at 1 month follow-up assessment ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: In addition to a conventional physical therapy program, backward walking training is more effective than forward walking training on spatiotemporal gait parameters, and gross motor function measures in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy.
Opioid sparing effect and safety of nefopam in patient controlled analgesia after laparotomy: A randomized, double blind study
Authors: Jin Hyun Seung , Kim Yong Chul , Yoo Yongjae , Lee Changsoon , Cho Chan Woo , Kim Won-joong 
Published: June 2016

Objectives A double-blind randomised study to evaluate the opioid sparing effect and safety of nefopam when administered via intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA) with fentanyl. Methods Patients planned for elective open laparotomy, were randomly assigned to receive into fentanyl 25 µg/ml (SF group) or nefopam 2.4 mg/ml plus fentanyl 25 µg/ml (NF group). Patients were assessed before surgery and for 24 h postoperatively. Results Total PCA fentanyl consumption was significantly lower in the NF group ( n = 35) than the SF group ( n = 36). Pain scores were significantly lower and patients’ satisfaction with treatment significantly better in the NF group than the SF group. Dry mouth and dizziness were significantly more frequent in the NF group than the SF group. There were no other statistically significant between-group differences in the incidence of adverse events. Conclusions Intravenous PCA using nefopam + fentanyl following laparotomy has an opioid sparing effect and is associated with a low incidence of some of the typical opioid related adverse events. Trial registry Clinicaltrials.gov Registration No: NCT02596269
Categorization and surgical management of posttraumatic midfoot malunion
Authors: Li Chun-Guang , Yu Guang-Rong , Yang Yun-Feng , Li Bing 
Published: June 2016

Objective To assess a classification system for midfoot injury that was based on the characteristics of the foot malunion and to evaluate the suggested treatment strategies. Methods This retrospective review of data from patients with posttraumatic midfoot malunion categorized each foot deformity into one of three types based on the foot arch and then separated these categories into one of three subtypes based on the forefoot deformity. According to the types of malunion, fascio-cutaneous flap, osteotomy, joint arthrodesis or realignment was used to correct the deformity. Patients were assessed before surgery and at 12 and 24 months postoperation. Results Of the 24 patients identified, six had Lisfranc joint injuries, nine had Lisfranc joint complex injuries combined with cuboid compression fractures and nine had Lisfranc joint complex injuries combined with navicular fractures. Overall, eight patients presented with poor soft tissue and massive scar at the dorsal foot. Visual analogue scale and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot scores significantly improved over the 24-month study period. At the end of the study, 21 of 24 patients (87.5%) rated their functional outcome as excellent or good. Conclusion The classification of the midfoot malunion evaluated in this study may be helpful in the decision making process for surgical intervention.
Examining changes in occupational participation in forensic patients using the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool
Authors: Fan Chia-Wei , Morley Mary , Garnham Mike , Heasman David , Taylor Renee 
Published: June 2016

Introduction In occupational therapy, there has been an increased interest in patients’ occupational participation within forensic settings. This retrospective study involved a longitudinal analysis of occupational participation within six forensic hospitals in England. The aim was to contribute to the understanding of forensic patients’ occupational participation over a two-year period. Methods The Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST) was rated by 78 occupational therapists on 489 patients in low and medium secure units who were receiving occupational therapy over two years. The many-faceted Rasch Model was used to convert their MOHOST scores at each time point into interval scales. Regression analysis was used to examine changes in occupational participation over time. Results Patients’ overall occupational participation improved over time. Specifically, participation improved in five of the six MOHOST subdomains, which included their motivation for occupation, pattern of occupation, communication/interaction skills, process skills, and environment. Patients did not demonstrate significant change in their motor skills, which varied as expected. In addition, patients in low secure units had better occupational participation than those in medium secure settings. Conclusion Our findings indicated improvements in the patients’ occupational participation over the 2-year period. Further investigations are needed to understand factors contributing to change.
Development and evaluation of an early specialised traumatic brain injury vocational rehabilitation training package
Authors: Holmes Jain , Phillips Julie , Morris Richard , Bedekar Yashashree , Tyerman Ruth , Radford Kate 
Published: June 2016

Background In a feasibility randomised controlled trial, training was developed to equip occupational therapists to deliver early specialised traumatic brain injury vocational rehabilitation in the English National Health Service (NHS). Method The package was developed by experts in vocational rehabilitation and traumatic brain injury, and included a manual, direct instruction by six trainers and opportunity for mentorship by four therapists. Following training, therapists were interviewed regarding the effectiveness and ease of use of the package. Interviews were analysed using the framework approach. Results Five trained therapists were interviewed regarding the package. Results were organised into six categories: (1) motivation to participate in research; (2) impact of the learning environment; (3) changing confidence levels over time; (4) growing appreciation of complexities about the intervention; (5) acceptability of the training package; and (6) lessons for future implementation. Conclusion The therapists reported acquiring the knowledge necessary to implement the intervention. The data indicate that the training packages require detailed descriptions of the interventions being taught for local implementation in the NHS and for future research. The training materials are valued by therapists but require time for familiarisation, and reminders from mentors help put training into practice. The therapists have concerns about implementing the interventions within a research context, which researchers should address.
Impaired brainstem and thalamic high-frequency oscillatory EEG activity in migraine between attacks
Authors: Porcaro Camillo , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Seri Stefano , Pierelli Francesco , Tecchio Franca , Coppola Gianluca 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionWe investigated whether interictal thalamic dysfunction in migraine without aura (MO) patients is a primary determinant or the expression of its functional disconnection from proximal or distal areas along the somatosensory pathway.MethodsTwenty MO patients and twenty healthy volunteers (HVs) underwent an electroencephalographic (EEG) recording during electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist. We used the functional source separation algorithm to extract four functionally constrained nodes (brainstem, thalamus, primary sensory radial, and primary sensory motor tangential parietal sources) along the somatosensory pathway. Two digital filters (1–400 Hz and 450–750 Hz) were applied in order to extract low- (LFO) and high- frequency (HFO) oscillatory activity from the broadband signal.ResultsCompared to HVs, patients presented significantly lower brainstem (BS) and thalamic (Th) HFO activation bilaterally. No difference between the two cortical HFO as well as in LFO peak activations between the two groups was seen. The age of onset of the headache was positively correlated with HFO power in the right brainstem and thalamus.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for complex dysfunction of brainstem and thalamocortical networks under the control of genetic factors that might act by modulating the severity of migraine phenotype.
Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Versus Autograft
Authors: McCarty Eric C. , Fader Ryan R. , Mitchell Justin J. , Glenn R. Edward , Potter Hollis G. , Spindler Kurt P. 
Published: June 2016

Background: Osteochondral autografts and allografts have been widely used in the treatment of isolated grade 4 articular cartilage lesions of the knee. However, there is a paucity of literature regarding the basic science investigating the direct comparison between fresh osteochondral allografts to autografts. Hypothesis: At 12 months, fresh osteochondral allografts are equal to autografts with respect to function, bony incorporation into host bone, and chondrocyte viability. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight adult mongrel dogs underwent bilateral hindlimb osteochondral graft implantation in the knee after creation of an acute Outerbridge grade 4 cartilage defect. One hindlimb of each dog knee received an autograft, and the contralateral knee received an allograft. All dogs were sacrificed at 12 months. Graft analysis included gross examination, radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biomechanical testing, and histology. Results: MRI demonstrated excellent bony incorporation of both autografts and allografts, except for 1 allograft that revealed partial incorporation. Histologic examination of cartilage showed intact hyaline appearance for both autografts and allografts, with fibrocartilage at the host-graft interface of both. Biomechanical testing demonstrated no significant difference between allografts and autografts ( P = .76). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between allografts and the native cartilage with biomechanical testing ( P = .84). Conclusion: After 12 months from time of implantation, fresh osteochondral allograft tissue and autograft tissue in this study were not statistically different with respect to biomechanical properties, gross morphology, bony incorporation, or overall histologic characteristics. When compared with the previously reported 6-month incorporation rates, there was improved allograft and autograft incorporation at 12 months. Clinical Relevance: With no significant differences in gross examination, radiographs, MRI, biomechanical testing, or histology in the canine model, the use of allograft tissue to treat osteochondral defects may eliminate the morbidity associated with autograft harvest.
Misusing our talent? Overeducation, overskilling and skill underutilisation among Spanish PhD graduates
Authors: Paolo Antonio Di , Mañé Ferran 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe ‘knowledge economy’ is said to depend increasingly on capacities for innovation, knowledge-generation and complex problem-solving – capacities attributed to university graduates with research degrees. To what extent, however, is the labour market absorbing and fully utilising these capabilities? Drawing on data from a recent cohort of PhD graduates, we examine the correlates and consequences of qualification and skills mismatch. We show that job characteristics such as economic sector and main work activity play a fundamental and direct role in explaining the phenomenon of mismatch, experienced as overeducation and overskilling. Academic attributes operate mostly indirectly in explaining this mismatch, since their effect loses importance once we control for job-related characteristics. We detected a significant earnings penalty for those who are both overeducated and overskilled. Being mismatched reduces satisfaction with the job as a whole and with non-monetary aspects of the job, especially for those whose skills are underutilised. Overall, the problem of mismatch among PhD graduates is closely related to the demand-side constraints of the labour market. Increasing the number of adequate jobs and broadening the job skills that PhD students acquire during training should be explored as possible responses.
Screening for Elder Abuse Among Turkish Older People: Validity of the Hwalek–Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S “East”)
Authors: Özmete Emine , Megahead Hamido A. 
Published: June 2016

Objective: This study aims to adapt “The Hwalek–Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S “East”)” (Neale, Hwalek, Scott, Sengstock, & Stahl, 1991) to Turkish and to assess its validity and reliability while determining the factors that affect elder abuse. Method: The sample of the study is composed of 465 elderly women and men (60+ years of age) who live in different cities in Turkey. First, validity and reliability analyses of the H-S “East” are carried out. Subsequently, binary logistic regression analysis is performed to determine the factors that affect elder abuse. Results: In this study, the H-S “East” has a three-factor construction as found in the original scale. Inner consistency coefficient is found as .814. Elder abuse is mostly affected by “life satisfaction,” “use of social benefits,” “satisfaction with income,” and “age.” Conclusion: The results show that the Turkish version may be used as a valid and reliable tool in determining elderly abuse in social work practice and also for the purpose of early diagnosis and in other relevant research. Moreover, when the factors that affect elder abuse are taken into account, care and support facilities for the social inclusion of elderly should be developed and relevant social policies should be revised.