bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Slow Cycling Phenotype: A Growing Problem for Treatment Resistance in Melanoma
Authors: Ahn Antonio , Chatterjee Aniruddha , Eccles Michael R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Treatment resistance in metastatic melanoma is a longstanding issue. Current targeted therapy regimes in melanoma largely target the proliferating cancer population, leaving slow-cycling cancer cells undamaged. Consequently, slow-cycling cells are enriched upon drug therapy and can remain in the body for years until acquiring proliferative potential that triggers cancer relapse. Here we overview the molecular mechanisms of slow-cycling cells that underlie treatment resistance in melanoma. Three main areas of molecular reprogramming are discussed that mediate slow cycling and treatment resistance. First, a low microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) dedifferentiated state activates various signaling pathways. This includes WNT5A, EGFR, as well as other signaling activators, such as AXL and NF-κB. Second, the chromatin-remodeling factor Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1B (JARID1B, KDM5B) orchestrates and maintains slow cycling and treatment resistance in a small subpopulation of melanoma cells. Finally, a shift in metabolic state toward oxidative phosphorylation has been demonstrated to regulate treatment resistance in slow-cycling cells. Elucidation of the underlying processes of slow cycling and its utilization by melanoma cells may reveal new vulnerable characteristics as therapeutic targets. Moreover, combining current therapies with targeting slow-cycling subpopulations of melanoma cells may allow for more durable and greater treatment responses. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(6); 1002–9. ©2017 AACR.
Toward Molecularly Driven Precision Medicine in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu David , Vokes Natalie I. , Van Allen Eliezer M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Summary: Assessing the benefit of routine panel-based genomic sequencing of tumor tissue remains a critical need in clinical oncology. Jordan and coauthors report on 860 patients with metastatic or recurrent lung adenocarcinoma from a single institution with prospectively sequenced tumors using a targeted gene panel of &gt;300 genes to guide therapy. Their results suggest that early prospective tumor sequencing, including non–standard-of-care predictive biomarkers combined with careful clinical annotation, can guide therapy, improve clinical outcomes, and accelerate the development of biomarkers and drugs. Cancer Discov; 7(6); 555–7. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Jordan et al., p. 596.
CM352 Reduces Brain Damage and Improves Functional Recovery in a Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Rodríguez José A. , Sobrino Tomás , López‐Arias Esteban , Ugarte Ana , Sánchez‐Arias Juan A. , Vieites‐Prado Alba , de Miguel Irene , Oyarzabal Julen , Páramo José A. , Campos Francisco , Orbe Josune , Castillo José 
Published: June 2017

Background

Intracerebral hemorrhage (
ICH
) is an acute neurological disorder with high mortality and no effective treatment. In addition to the initial bleeding event, rebleeding and hematoma expansion are associated with poor outcome in these patients. We studied the effectiveness of the new antifibrinolytic agent
CM
352, a short‐half‐life matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, for achieving early hemostasis and improving functional recovery in a rat model of collagenase‐induced
ICH
.

Methods and Results

ICH
was induced by striatal injection of collagenase, and 1 hour later, rats received an intravenous injection of saline (n=6) or
CM
352 (1 mg/kg, n=6). Hematoma (basal and after 3 and 24 hours) and lesion (14 days) volumes were quantified on T2‐weighted (T2) magnetic resonance images. Neurological and functional recovery was evaluated by using Bederson score and a cylinder test (basal, 24 hours, and 14 days). Early treatment (1 hour) with
CM
352 was efficient reducing hematoma expansion at 3 hours (
P
<0.01) and, more markedly, at 24 hours (
P
<0.01). Decreased bleeding after antifibrinolytic treatment was accompanied by reduced interleukin‐6 levels at 3 hours (
P
<0.05) and smaller lesion volume at 14 days (
P
<0.01).
CM
352 drastically reduced sensorimotor impairment (cylinder test) after
ICH
in rats at 24 hours (
P
<0.01) and 14 days (
P
<0.01). Similarly, it also attenuated neurological deficit (Bederson scale) at 24 hours (
P
<0.01) and 14 days (
P
<0.01). Interestingly, late (3 hours)
CM
352 administration also resulted in reduced lesion size and better functional outcome.

Conclusions

CM
352, a new antifibrinolytic agent and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, effectively prevented hematoma growth and reduced lesion size in
ICH
in association with improved functional and neurological recovery.
Elbow Injuries in Professional Baseball: Epidemiological Findings From the Major League Baseball Injury Surveillance System
Authors: Ciccotti Michael G. , Pollack Keisha M. , Ciccotti Michael C. , D’Angelo John , Ahmad Christopher S. , Altchek David , Andrews James , Curriero Frank C. 
Published: June 2017

Background: Elbow injuries cause significant disability for the throwing athlete. Scant data are available on the distribution and characteristics of these injuries in elite baseball players. No study exists that focuses solely on the epidemiological characteristics of elbow injuries in professional baseball players using a comprehensive injury surveillance system. Hypothesis: Professional baseball players have a high occurrence of elbow injuries influenced by factors including length of time playing, time period within the annual baseball season, and specific position played. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: Data on elbow injuries occurring during the 2011-2014 seasons were collected from Major League Baseball’s Health Injury and Tracking System, a comprehensive injury surveillance system. Each specific type of elbow injury was evaluated with respect to overall injury rate, years as a professional player, mechanism of injury, treatment, average time lost, and return to play. Results: During the study period, 3185 elbow injuries (n = 430 Major League; n = 2755 Minor League) occurred. The mean number of days missed and percentage requiring surgery were similar between Major and Minor League players. Overall, 20.0% (650/3185) of the injuries required surgical treatment. Pitchers were the most likely to incur an elbow injury (40.0% of injured athletes were pitchers), were the most likely to require surgery (34.2% of injured pitchers required surgery), and had the greatest mean number of days missed when treated nonsurgically (33.2 days). Medial injuries composed 42.1% (1342/3185) of all elbow injuries. Of all elbow surgeries performed during the study period, the highest percentage involved ligaments (372/650; 57.2%). Conclusion: Elbow injuries are a considerable source of disability in professional baseball players. Pitchers are most likely to incur these injuries, are most likely to require surgery, and have the highest mean number of days missed when treated nonsurgically. The most common injuries involve the medial elbow, with ligament injuries most often requiring surgery. This study represents the only investigation to date using a comprehensive injury surveillance system to examine elbow injuries in professional baseball players. It provides a basis for injury prevention and treatment recommendations, establishes the most thorough framework for determining elbow injury risk, and focuses continued research on elbow injury prevention in the elite baseball player.
Transdisciplinarity in Research
Authors: Moore Megan , Martinson Melissa L. , Nurius Paula S. , Kemp Susan P. 
Published: June 2017

Background: Early career faculty experiences and perspectives on transdisciplinary research are important yet understudied. Methods: Assistant professors at 50 top-ranked social work programs completed an online survey assessing perspectives on the salience of transdisciplinary training in their field, obstacles to or negative impacts of transdisciplinary training, and current environments. Content analysis and descriptive statistics were used. Results: A large majority of all participants ( N = 118) believed that transdisciplinary research is important, that greater training is needed, and that they are relatively well prepared in related skill sets. They are expected to build cross-disciplinary collaborations, yet only a small minority believed that social work researchers are nationally recognized as important collaborators, or that they are prepared to navigate tensions on research teams. Conclusions: We offer a multilevel framework of structural and training supports needed to realize transdisciplinary research in social work with relevance to other disciplines.
Management and outcome of heterotopic interstitial pregnancy: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Dendas Wendy , Schobbens Jean-Christophe , Mestdagh Greet , Meylaerts Liesbeth , Verswijvel Geert , Van Holsbeke Caroline 
Published: June 2017

Objective To report a case of heterotopic interstitial pregnancy after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), presenting with a second trimester uterine rupture. To review the clinical presentations, risk factors, treatment options, and outcome of heterotopic interstitial pregnancies. Methods We describe the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of a patient with a heterotopic interstitial pregnancy, diagnosed following second trimester rupture of the interstitial pregnancy. We reviewed all published cases of heterotopic interstitial pregnancies. Results A 35-year-old pregnant woman with a past history of right adnexectomy and 16 weeks pregnant with dichorionic diamniotic twins following IVF-ET, was admitted to our department with unexplained recurrent abdominal pain and anemia. Further investigation showed a hemoperitoneum and because of hypovolemic shock an emergency laparotomy was performed, with diagnosis of a ruptured heterotopic interstitial pregnancy. The uterine defect was sutured using simple interrupted sutures. The intrauterine pregnancy progressed uneventful afterwards. We found 86 cases in the published literature, reporting on heterotopic interstitial pregnancies. 80.2% (69/86) occurred after IVF-ET. History of uni- or bilateral salpingectomy is a major risk factor, present in 39.5% (34/86). 37.2% (32/86) presented with cornual rupture. Surgery was performed in 53.5% (46/86) of cases. Medical management was possible in case of unruptured, early diagnosed heterotopic interstitial pregnancy (32.6% (28/86)). Watchful waiting was only possible when the interstitial pregnancy miscarried (5.8% (5/86)). The live birth rate of the intrauterine pregnancy, when viable at presentation, was 70.0% (56/80). The live birth rate of the interstitial pregnancy was only 4.7% (4/86). Conclusions The majority of cases are diagnosed by detailed ultrasound in the setting of early follow-up after IVF-ET and are asymptomatic at diagnosis. Yet, a substantial number of patients present with cornual rupture. Risk factors are IVF-ET and a history of salpingectomy. Depending on clinical presentation, treatment options include watchful waiting, medical treatment, or surgery. Unfortunately, the interstitial pregnancy is generally lost, and only has a chance of survival in case of presentation at a viable gestational age. The outcome of the coexisting intrauterine pregnancy is generally good.
Safety and Costs of Stroke Unit Admission for Select Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients
Authors: Fehnel Corey R. , Glerum Kimberly M. , Wendell Linda C. , Potter N. Stevenson , Silver Brian , Khan Muhib , Saad Ali , Yaghi Shadi , Jones Richard N. , Furie Karen , Thompson Bradford B. 
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose: There are limited data to guide intensive care unit (ICU) versus dedicated stroke unit (SU) admission for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. We hypothesized select patients can be safely cared for in SU versus ICU at lower costs. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with predefined minor ICH (≤20 cm3, supratentorial, no coagulopathy) receiving care in either an ICU or an SU. Multiple linear regression and inverse probability weighting were used to adjust for differences in patient characteristics and nonrandom ICU versus SU assignment. The primary outcome was poor functional status at discharge (modified Rankin score [mRS] ≥3). Secondary outcomes included complications, discharge disposition, hospital length of stay, and direct inpatient costs. Results: The study population included 104 patients (41 admitted to the ICU and 63 admitted to the SU). After controlling for differences in baseline characteristics, there were no differences in poor functional outcome at discharge (93% vs 85%, P = .26) or in mean mRS (2.9 vs 3.0, P = .73). Similarly, there were no differences in the rates of complications (6% vs 10%, P = .44), discharged dead or to a skilled nursing facility (8% vs 13%, P = .59), or direct patient costs (US$7100 vs US$6200, P = .33). Median length of stay was significantly longer in the ICU group (5 vs 4 days, P = .01). Conclusions: This study revealed a shorter length of stay but no large differences in functional outcome, safety, or cost among patients with minor ICH admitted to a dedicated SU compared to an ICU.
The Subchondral Bone Is Affected by Bone Marrow Stimulation: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Animal Studies
Authors: Seow Dexter , Yasui Youichi , Hutchinson Ian D. , Hurley Eoghan T. , Shimozono Yoshiharu , Kennedy John G. 
Published: June 2017

Objective Despite the mechanical and biological roles of subchondral bone (SCB) in articular cartilage health, there remains no consensus on the postoperative morphological status of SCB following bone marrow stimulation (BMS). The purpose of this systematic review was to clarify the morphology of SCB following BMS in preclinical, translational animal models. Design The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were systematically reviewed using specific search terms on April 19, 2016 based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The morphology of the SCB was assessed using of microcomputed tomography (bone density) and histology (microscopic architecture). Results Seventeen animal studies with 520 chondral lesions were included. The morphology of SCB did not recover following BMS. Compared with untreated chondral defects, BMS resulted in superior morphology of superficial SCB and cartilage but inferior morphology (specifically bone density, P < 0.05) of the deep SCB. Overall, the use of biological adjuvants during BMS resulted in the superior postoperative morphology of SCB. Conclusions Alterations in the SCB following BMS were confirmed. Biologics adjuvants may improve the postoperative morphology of both SCB and articular cartilage. Refinements of BMS techniques should incorporate consideration of SCB damage and restoration. Investigations to optimize BMS techniques incorporating both minimally invasive approaches and biologically augmented platforms are further warranted.
Treatment of sudden hearing loss using electro-acupuncture
Authors: Chang Ya-Ching , Chan Kwok-Ying 
Published: June 2017

Objectives: Sudden neurosensory deafness is the second debilitating disease in China. In fact, the current treatment is limited to hearing aids, assistive devices and cochlear implants. However, some patients might not be suitable for surgery or even hearing aids. Methods: Hereby, we report a pediatric case of sudden sensorineural hearing loss accompanied by otalgia and blocked ear sensation. Results: He firstly failed with conventional treatment but later his hearing symptoms were improved with our electro-acupuncture therapy according to pure tone audiometry findings and clinical responses. Conclusions: It may be worth trying in patients with sudden neurosensory deafness, who do not respond to routine medical treatment. In line with previous studies, the current report indicates that future observational studies or even clinical trials are needed to prove the efficacy of acupuncture on hearing loss and the accompanying symptoms.
All that glitters is not gold: A case of lanthanum carbonate aspiration
Authors: Paranji Suchitra , Paranji Neethi , Weltz Adam S 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Foreign body aspiration is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly hospitalized patients. These are typically small items that patients have access to, including small coins. Case presentation: This is a case report of a 75-year-old man recently bedridden from a large hemispheric stroke with sudden onset of hoarseness, cough and dysphagia. A chest X-ray was obtained which showed a radiopaque coin-shaped foreign body, presumably a coin in his aerodigestive tract. He was promptly taken to the endoscopy suite for upper endoscopy. During endoscopy, it was determined that the foreign body was a radiopaque medication that he had been given. It was easily and safely able to be crushed and lavaged down into his stomach and later determined to be lanthanum carbonate, a commonly used phosphate binder. Following endoscopy, the patient’s cough, hoarseness and dysphagia resolved with no long-term complications. Discussion: Lanthanum carbonate is a phosphate-binding medication used in the management and treatment of hyperphosphatemia commonly seen in patients with end-stage renal disease, which is radiopaque. There are few published reports and images of radiopaque fragments of medication in the gastrointestinal tract but none causing aspiration by masquerading as a coin-like density in the aerodigestive tract as we present here.
Most Influential Literature in Spinal Tuberculosis: A Global Disease Without Global Evidence
Authors: Held Michael , Castelein Sophie , Bruins Marie-Fien , Laubscher Maritz , Dunn Robert , Keel Marius , Ahmad Sufian , Hoppe Sven 
Published: June 2017

Study Design: Bibliometric review of the literature. Objective: This bibliometric analysis aims to give an overview of the most influential academic literature written on spinal tuberculosis. Methods: All databases included in the Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge were searched for the most influential publications in spinal tuberculosis. The most cited articles published between 1950 and 2015, with the main focus on orthopedic surgery, were identified using a multistep approach, and a total of 100 articles were included. The publications were then analyzed in this bibliometric analysis. Results: The number of citations ranged from 243 to 36, with an average of 77.11. The articles were published in 34 different journals, and the studies were conducted in 20 different countries. The top 3 countries, India, the United States, and China, published a total of 51% (n = 51) of all articles. Low-burden countries produced 60% (n = 60) of all articles in our list. African centers produced only 4% (n = 4) of all included articles. Conclusions: Indian and Chinese researchers dominate evidence in spinal tuberculosis. Other areas with high disease burden, such as Africa, do not feature. Most publications are retrospective studies with a low level of evidence.
Profiles of Elderly People Infected with HIV and Response to Antiretroviral Treatment in Burkina Faso: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Diallo Ismaël , Meda Nicolas , Ouédraogo Smaïla , Poda Armel , Hema Arsène , Sagna Yempabou , Sawadogo Lynda M. , Drabo Youssouf J. , Ouedraogo Dieu-Donné 
Published: June 2017

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, few studies exist on elderly HIV-positive populations. Therefore, we aimed to examine the profiles of elderly people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Burkina Faso and their response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: We reviewed the monitoring and treatment of PLHIV over the age of 50 years and then compared with the monitoring and treatment of PLHIV under 50 years. Results: A total of 3367 patients were included. The median age of elderly people was 54.5 years and of young people was 34.9 years ( P = .03). In both the groups, screening was performed following clinical suspicion (64.9% in elderly versus 56% in young people; P < .001). Cardiovascular risk factors were generally more significant in the elderly people. The risk of death while on ART was 2.3 times higher in elderly people ( P < .001). Conclusion: HIV infection in older people occurs in those who already have some cardiovascular risk factors. Particular attention should be given to multidisciplinary care for the elderly individuals.
Individualised risk in patients undergoing lung volume reduction surgery: the Glenfield BFG score
Authors: Greening Neil J. , Vaughan Paul , Oey Inger , Steiner Michael C. , Morgan Mike D. , Rathinam Sridhar , Waller David A. 
Published: June 2017

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has been shown to be beneficial in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but there is low uptake, partly due to perceived concerns of high operative mortality. We aimed to develop an individualised risk score following LVRS.This was a cohort study of patients undergoing LVRS. Factors independently predicting 90-day mortality and a risk prediction score were identified. Reliability of the score was tested using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).237 LVRS procedures were performed. The multivariate analysis factors associated independently with death were: body mass index (BMI)<18.5 kg·m−2(OR 2.83, p=0.059), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)<0.71 L (OR 5.47, p=0.011) and transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (TLCO) <20% (OR 5.56, p=0.031). A risk score was calculated and total score assigned. AUROC for the risk score was 0.80 and a better predictor than individual components (p<0.01). The score was stratified into three risk groups. Of the total patients, 46% were classified as low risk. Similar improvements in lung function and health status were seen in all groups. The score was introduced and tested in a further 71 patients. AUROC for 90-day mortality in this cohort was 0.84.It is possible to provide an individualised predictive risk score for LVRS, which may aid decision making for both clinicians and patients.
Neurologic Complications of Lymphoma, Leukemia, and Paraproteinemias
Authors: Mauermann Michelle L. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article reviews the spectrum of neurologic complications associated with lymphoma, leukemia, and paraproteinemic disorders. While leptomeningeal metastasis is the most common complication of lymphoma and leukemia and peripheral neuropathy is the most common complication of paraproteinemic disorders, clinicians need to be familiar with the diverse neurologic complications of these disorders.

Recent Findings: Lymphomatous nervous system involvement can be difficult to diagnose, especially when it is the presenting symptom. CSF cytology and flow cytometry, as well as the imaging pattern, assist in diagnosis. Neurologic complications are less common in Hodgkin lymphoma; however, some unique paraneoplastic syndromes are associated with Hodgkin lymphoma, including primary central nervous system angiitis, limbic encephalitis, and cerebellar degeneration. Recent reports suggest that anti–metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antibodies are associated with limbic encephalitis and that anti-Tr antibodies are associated with cerebellar degeneration in Hodgkin lymphoma. Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell disorder, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome is often misdiagnosed as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). A lambda protein, thrombocytosis, and elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can all be helpful clues in diagnosis. Early recognition is important, as the neuropathy responds to radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

Summary: Neurologic involvement can occur throughout the disease course in lymphoma and leukemia, including at presentation, with systemic progression, and at relapse. In paraproteinemias, the peripheral neuropathy phenotype, monoclonal protein type, and associated autonomic and systemic features aid in identification of an underlying plasma cell disorder.