bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Avoidance of Impeller Resonance From Impeller Interference Diagram (SAFE-Diagram) for an Open Impeller in an Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressor
Authors: Bejgam Raghavendra R. , P. James Mathew 
Published: February 2018

The structural integrity and reliability of impeller–shaft assembly in a centrifugal air compressor or any turbo machinery is of at most importance for the trouble free operation. It is thus necessary to avoid any excitation that can cause a resonance for the impeller–shaft system. Considering above, a study on the resonance due to excitation from impeller–stator interaction is undertaken.
This paper deals with the construction of impeller interference diagram from the nodal diameters predicted from the cyclic symmetric model of a prototype impeller using ABAQUS. The excitations frequencies arising from impeller–diffuser and impeller–scroll tongue interactions are identified and calculated for the given impeller, diffuser and scroll system. These excitation frequencies are validated for a similar impeller through noise testing and concluded as potential excitation to be considered in design. Stress analysis was carried out to study stresses caused due to centrifugal forces & aerodynamic forces. A nonlinear Static analysis was carried out to account for dynamic stiffening due to centrifugal forces, prior to natural frequency extraction. The Campbell and SAFE diagrams are constructed and the interfering frequencies are identified from the plots constructed in a spread sheet. The nodal diameter versus harmonic force matrix is constructed to understand the forces that can excite a particular nodal diameter for both impeller and impeller–diffuser. From this analysis, it was inferred that diffuser pass frequency was exciting the impeller nodal diameter. Further, analysis was performed to evaluate dynamic stress by carrying out harmonic analysis.
Study was carried out to shift natural frequencies of impeller without significantly affecting aerodynamic performance. Iteratively disk back face design, disk thickness, blade thickness & blade geometry were modified to shift frequencies. Frequency extraction procedure was automated by developing user defined macro in ABAQUS.
After carrying out study and evaluating possible design Iterations, modifying the impeller blade geometry or altering frequency of source excitation by decreasing the number of diffuser blades were two possible solutions. The effect of both is studied in this paper.
Strength of Shear Web With Circular Hole in Wind Turbine Blades and Using Digital Twining Concept to Reduce Material Testing
Authors: Sahoo Anil K. , Majumder Utsa , Nielsen Michael W. , Garm Jesper H. 
Published: February 2018

This research work summarizes the study of the structural analysis of shear webs (present in wind turbine blades, sometimes also called as spars) with holes. The webs are sandwich composite structures which are supposed to carry the shear loads coming from the wind pressure and the holes are necessary for non-structural requirements of the wind turbine.
The shear webs are strong structures and it is tough to test them to failure in the lab. Hence a structural representative component with lesser dimensions has been tested in the lab to accommodate the capability of the test machines.
However, this component test results cannot be directly used in the wind turbine blade structural verification as the web size is much larger in real life.
A finite element model is developed to simulate the test specimen and its failure behavior. The concept in this modelling approach is to prepare a digital copy of the actual specimen which will follow the same load-displacement behavior and can predict the same failure as seen in the test coupon.
The finite element model is verified for failure using known failure criteria for composite sandwich structures as well as with analytical calculations. This makes sure that the finite element model is a good ‘digital twin’ and simulates the test component behavior one to one. Later, this finite element model is extended to the size of the actual web structure (a family of FE models with different dimensions) to scale up the failure prediction to actual stiffness level.
Effect of manual eyelid manipulation on intraocular pressure measurement by rebound tonometry
Authors: Baek Sung Uk , Ha Ahnul , Kim Young Kook , Jeoung Jin Wook , Park Ki Ho 
Published: February 2018

Background/aimsTo investigate the effect of eyelid manipulation on the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) using two different tonometries (rebound tonometry (RT) vs Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT)).Methods103 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were prospectively enrolled. For all of the patients, IOP measurements were performed in three different ways: (1) RT with lid manipulation (LM), (2) RT without LM and (3) GAT. The order of the three measurements was randomly selected. Additionally, the palpebral fissure height (PFH; elliptical space between upper and lower eyelids) was measured.ResultsThe mean value of IOP measured by GAT was 13.97±2.80 mm Hg, which was not significantly different from that by RT without LM (13.75±2.44 mm Hg; P=0.096), but which was significantly lower than that by RT with LM (15.21±2.91 mm Hg; P<0.001). On a Bland-Altman plot, RT with LM was overestimated relative to GAT (mean: −1.5) and RT without LM (mean: −1.2). Among the high IOPs (>20 mm Hg), interestingly, those measured by RT without LM were significantly lower than those measured by GAT (P<0.001). In the subgroup analysis of PFH, the smaller the PFH, the more exaggerated the IOP difference between GAT (P=0.014) and RT with LM (P<0.001).ConclusionRT-measured IOP was significantly exaggerated when manipulation was applied to the eyelid. This overall trend was more pronounced when PFH was small. GAT-measured IOP, meanwhile, showed a good correlation with IOP measured using RT without LM.
New device for intraoperative blood suction avoiding turbulences
Authors: Friedrich Martin G , Bougioukas Ioannes , Wenig Peter , Vormfelde Steffen , Tirilomis Theodor 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionBleeding during surgery is common. Increased bleeding may disturb procedure, induces haemodynamic instability and results in need for blood transfusion. Allogenic blood transfusions increase mortality and morbidity, especially risk of infections, pulmonary and renal complications, as well as thromboembolic events. Autotransfusion is in many cases a solution but forced suction may destroy or alter blood cells because of turbulences, shear forces and contact of the blood to extrinsic surfaces. The aim of the study was the analysis of turbulence profile and development of a new suction device reducing (or avoiding) turbulences.MethodsWe registered turbulences with a microphone placed in different positions within the blood suction during surgery and analysed the spectrum. Then, we modified the circuit adding signals from optical sensors and pressure transducer to avoid air mixing and tight suction. Finally, we created the algorithm for the suction circuit regulating individualised suction modes.ResultsWe developed a new suction system based on a roller pump. We used a piezo sensor and registered the acoustic signals. The optimal position for this element was into the suction handle. After filtering the signal and further processing, we used it for regulation of the roller pump. Additionally, an optical sensor minimises air mixing due to further regulation of motor speed. Finally, a negative pressure transducer gives in case of tight suction information to the circuit stopping motor speed and equalising pressure by opening a valve before suctions starts again. The algorithm allows various suction modes in an individualised manner for specific situations in operating field.ConclusionsWe developed a new blood suction device based on a roller pump. The system is turbulence-controlled and its algorithm allows several individualised suction modes. Additional features avoid tight suction and reduce air mixing.
Proactive approaches to identifying dementia and dementia risk; a qualitative study of public attitudes and preferences
Authors: Robinson Louise , Dickinson Claire , Magklara Eleni , Newton Lisa , Prato Laura , Bamford Claire 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to critically explore the views of the public about the acceptability and feasibility of proactive approaches to earlier dementia diagnosis and also identification of people at high risk of dementia.DesignQualitative study using task group methodology and thematic data analysis.SettingTask groups were held either at the university (n=5) or at a carers’ centre (n=1).Participants: A convenience sample of 31 of 54 participants identified by local non-statutory agencies took part in a task group. All were aged between 40 years and 80 years, 21 were women and 10men participated.ResultsDespite the use of task group methodology, participants expressed limited understandings of dementia and confusion between proactive approaches. Nevertheless, they highlighted a range of potential benefits and limitations of proactive approaches and the ethical issues raised. There was a preference to embed risk assessment within routine health checks, which focused on achieving a healthier lifestyle, rather than specifically on dementia. Participants emphasised the need to ensure informed consent prior to use of proactive approaches and to provide appropriate support. They also suggested alternative approaches that could potentially facilitate the early detection of dementia or reduce risk at a population level.ConclusionsAs international policy on dementia shifts towards a prevention agenda there is growing interest in identifying those at risk of developing dementia. This study provides useful insights into the acceptability of the use of such proactive approaches among the public. The introduction of proactive approaches to dementia identification raises complex practical and ethical issues, particularly in the context of low public understanding of dementia. The importance of better quality information about dementia (and the likelihood of developing dementia) and provision of psychological support for those undergoing risk assessment were highlighted.
Coproduction of healthcare service with immigrant patients: protocol of a scoping review
Authors: Radl-Karimi Christina , Nicolaisen Anne , Sodemann Morten , Batalden Paul , von Plessen Christian 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionImmigrant patients often meet barriers to patient-centred healthcare in their new host countries. Given the heterogeneity of patients from ethnic minorities, established strategies for patient centredness might not work in their case. The concept of coproduction provides a new perspective on how to collaboratively create the highest possible value for both the patient and the healthcare system. The concept acknowledges that all service is coproduced and directs attention to the relationship between patient and care provider. Coproduction is still a new concept in healthcare and its use with vulnerable groups of patients requires further study. This protocol outlines a scoping review to be conducted on the current knowledge on coproduction of service by immigrants and their service providers in the healthcare sector.Methods and analysisWe will use Joanna Briggs methodology for scoping reviews. The data will stem from the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Ovid EMBASE, EBSCO CINAHL, EBSCO PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. We will also screen the websites of national authorities and research organisations for publications and review the literature lists of the identified articles for relevant references. We will include all types of literature on coproduction of healthcare or social service by immigrants and service providers, including their relationship with one another, communication and collaboration. Two reviewers will independently screen eligible publications and extract data using a checklist developed for this scoping review.Ethics and disseminationThe results of the study will provide an innovative perspective on the coproduction of value in healthcare service by immigrant patients and care providers. We will present the results at national and international conferences, seminars and other events with relevant stakeholders and immigrant patients, and publish them in a peer-reviewed journal.
Bike skills training for children with cerebral palsy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Toovey Rachel , Harvey Adrienne R , McGinley Jennifer L , Lee Katherine J , Shih Sophy T F , Spittle Alicia J 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionTwo-wheel bike riding can be a goal for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and a means of participating in physical activity. It is possible for some children with CP to ride a two-wheel bike; however, currently far fewer can ride compared with their typically developing peers. Evidence supports training targeted towards goals of the child with CP and their family; yet there is little evidence to guide best-practice bike skills training. Task-specific training may lead to attainment of two-wheel bike-specific goals. This study aims to determine if a novel task-specific approach to training two-wheel bike skills is more effective than a parent-led home programme for attaining individualised two-wheel bike-specific goals in independently ambulant children with CP aged 6–15 years.Methods and analysisSixty eligible children with CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I–II) aged 6–15 years with goals relating to riding a two-wheel bike will be randomised to either a novel task-specific centre-based group programme (intervention) or a parent-led home-based programme (comparison), both involving a 1-week intervention period. The primary outcome is goal attainment in the week following the intervention period (T1). Secondary outcomes include: goal attainment and participation in physical activity at 3 months postintervention (T2) and bike skills, attendance and involvement in bike riding, self-perception and functional skills at T1 and T2. Economic appraisal will involve cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses. Adherence of clinicians and parents to the intervention and comparison protocols will be assessed. Linear and logistic regression will be used to assess the effect of the intervention, adjusted for site as used in the randomisation process.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Human Research and Ethics Committees at The Royal Children’s Hospital (#36209). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT03003026; Pre-results.
Comparison of different histological indexes in the assessment of UC activity and their accuracy regarding endoscopic outcomes and faecal calprotectin levels
Authors: Magro Fernando , Lopes Joanne , Borralho Paula , Lopes Susana , Coelho Rosa , Cotter José , Castro Francisca Dias de , Sousa Helena Tavares de , Salgado Marta , Andrade Patrícia , Vieira Ana Isabel , Figueiredo Pedro , Caldeira Paulo , Sousa A , Duarte Maria A , Ávila Filipa , Silva João , Moleiro Joana , Mendes Sofia , Giestas Sílvia , Ministro Paula , Sousa Paula , Gonçalves Raquel , Gonçalves Bruno , Oliveira Ana , Rosa Isadora , Rodrigues Marta , Chagas Cristina , Dias Cláudia Camila , Afonso Joana , Geboes Karel , Carneiro Fátima 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveHistological remission is being increasingly acknowledged as a therapeutic endpoint in patients with UC. The work hereafter described aimed to evaluate the concordance between three histological classification systems—Geboes Score (GS), Nancy Index (NI) and RobartsHistopathologyIndex (RHI), as well as to evaluate their association with the endoscopic outcomes and the faecal calprotectin (FC) levels.DesignBiopsy samples from 377 patients with UC were blindly evaluated using GS, NI and RHI. The results were compared with the patients’ Mayo Endoscopic Score and FC levels.ResultGS, NI and RHI have a good concordance concerning the distinction between patients in histological remission or activity. RHI was particularly close to NI, with 100% of all patients classified as being in remission with NI being identified as such with RHI and 100% of all patients classified as having activity with RHI being identified as such with NI. These scores could also predict the Mayo Endoscopic Score and the FC levels, with their sensitivity and specificity levels depending on the chosen cut-offs. Moreover, higher FC levels were statistically associated with the presence of neutrophils in the epithelium, as well as with ulceration or erosion of the intestinal mucosa.ConclusionsGS, NI and RHI histopathological scoring systems are comparable in what concerns patients’ stratification into histological remission/activity. Additionally, FC levels are increased when neutrophils are present in the epithelium and the intestinal mucosa has erosions or ulcers. The presence of neutrophils in the epithelium is, indeed, the main marker of histological activity.
Serial circulating tumour DNA analysis during multimodality treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: a prospective biomarker study
Authors: Tie Jeanne , Cohen Joshua D , Wang Yuxuan , Li Lu , Christie Michael , Simons Koen , Elsaleh Hany , Kosmider Suzanne , Wong Rachel , Yip Desmond , Lee Margaret , Tran Ben , Rangiah David , Burge Matthew , Goldstein David , Singh Madhu , Skinner Iain , Faragher Ian , Croxford Matthew , Bampton Carolyn , Haydon Andrew , Jones Ian T , S Karapetis Christos , Price Timothy , Schaefer Mary J , Ptak Jeanne , Dobbyn Lisa , Silliman Natallie , Kinde Isaac , Tomasetti Cristian , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Kinzler Kenneth , Volgestein Bert , Gibbs Peter 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveFor patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), adjuvant chemotherapy selection following surgery remains a major clinical dilemma. Here, we investigated the ability of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) to improve risk stratification in patients with LARC.DesignWe enrolled patients with LARC (T3/T4 and/or N+) planned for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Plasma samples were collected pretreatment, postchemoradiotherapy and 4–10 weeks after surgery. Somatic mutations in individual patient’s tumour were identified via massively parallel sequencing of 15 genes commonly mutated in colorectal cancer. We then designed personalised assays to quantify ctDNA in plasma samples. Patients received adjuvant therapy at clinician discretion, blinded to the ctDNA results.ResultsWe analysed 462 serial plasma samples from 159 patients. ctDNA was detectable in 77%, 8.3% and 12% of pretreatment, postchemoradiotherapy and postsurgery plasma samples. Significantly worse recurrence-free survival was seen if ctDNA was detectable after chemoradiotherapy (HR 6.6; P<0.001) or after surgery (HR 13.0; P<0.001). The estimated 3-year recurrence-free survival was 33% for the postoperative ctDNA-positive patients and 87% for the postoperative ctDNA-negative patients. Postoperative ctDNA detection was predictive of recurrence irrespective of adjuvant chemotherapy use (chemotherapy: HR 10.0; P<0.001; without chemotherapy: HR 22.0; P<0.001). Postoperative ctDNA status remained an independent predictor of recurrence-free survival after adjusting for known clinicopathological risk factors (HR 6.0; P<0.001).ConclusionPostoperative ctDNA analysis stratifies patients with LARC into subsets that are either at very high or at low risk of recurrence, independent of conventional clinicopathological risk factors. ctDNA analysis could potentially be used to guide patient selection for adjuvant chemotherapy.
Precision Oncology Decision Support: Current Approaches and Strategies for the Future
Authors: Kurnit Katherine C. , Dumbrava Ecaterina E. Ileana , Litzenburger Beate , Khotskaya Yekaterina B. , Johnson Amber M. , Yap Timothy A. , Rodon Jordi , Zeng Jia , Shufean Md Abu , Bailey Ann M. , Sánchez Nora S. , Holla Vijaykumar , Mendelsohn John , Shaw Kenna Mills , Bernstam Elmer V. , Mills Gordon B. , Meric-Bernstam Funda 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWith the increasing availability of genomics, routine analysis of advanced cancers is now feasible. Treatment selection is frequently guided by the molecular characteristics of a patient's tumor, and an increasing number of trials are genomically selected. Furthermore, multiple studies have demonstrated the benefit of therapies that are chosen based upon the molecular profile of a tumor. However, the rapid evolution of genomic testing platforms and emergence of new technologies make interpreting molecular testing reports more challenging. More sophisticated precision oncology decision support services are essential. This review outlines existing tools available for health care providers and precision oncology teams and highlights strategies for optimizing decision support. Specific attention is given to the assays currently available for molecular testing, as well as considerations for interpreting alteration information. This article also discusses strategies for identifying and matching patients to clinical trials, current challenges, and proposals for future development of precision oncology decision support. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2719–31. ©2018 AACR.
Pharmacological TLR4 Antagonism Using Topical Resatorvid Blocks Solar UV-Induced Skin Tumorigenesis in SKH-1 Mice
Authors: Blohm-Mangone Karen , Burkett Nichole B. , Tahsin Shekha , Myrdal Paul B. , Aodah Alhassan , Ho Brenda , Janda Jaroslav , McComas Michelle , Saboda Kathylynn , Roe Denise J. , Dong Zigang , Bode Ann M. , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Calvert Valerie S. , Curiel-Lewandrowski Clara , Alberts David S. , Wondrak Georg T. , Dickinson Sally E. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
An urgent need exists for the development of more efficacious molecular strategies targeting nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the most common malignancy worldwide. Inflammatory signaling downstream of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been implicated in several forms of tumorigenesis, yet its role in solar UV-induced skin carcinogenesis remains undefined. We have previously shown in keratinocyte cell culture and SKH-1 mouse epidermis that topical application of the specific TLR4 antagonist resatorvid (TAK-242) blocks acute UV-induced AP-1 and NF-κB signaling, associated with downregulation of inflammatory mediators and MAP kinase phosphorylation. We therefore explored TLR4 as a novel target for chemoprevention of UV-induced NMSC. We selected the clinical TLR4 antagonist resatorvid based upon target specificity, potency, and physicochemical properties. Here, we confirm using ex vivo permeability assays that topical resatorvid can be effectively delivered to skin, and using in vivo studies that topical resatorvid can block UV-induced AP-1 activation in mouse epidermis. We also report that in a UV-induced skin tumorigenesis model, topical resatorvid displays potent photochemopreventive activity, significantly suppressing tumor area and multiplicity. Tumors harvested from resatorvid-treated mice display reduced activity of UV-associated signaling pathways and a corresponding increase in apoptosis compared with tumors from control animals. Further mechanistic insight on resatorvid-based photochemoprevention was obtained from unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of protein readouts via reverse-phase protein microarray revealing a significant attenuation of key UV-induced proteomic changes by resatorvid in chronically treated high-risk SKH-1 skin prior to tumorigenesis. Taken together, our data identify TLR4 as a novel molecular target for topical photochemoprevention of NMSC. Cancer Prev Res; 11(5); 265–78. ©2018 AACR.
See related editorial by Sfanos, p. 251