bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The level of climate-change mitigation depends on how humans assess the risk arising from missing the 2°C target
Authors: Hagel Kristin , Milinski Manfred , Marotzke Jochem 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe established international 2°C target stipulates that global warming should be limited to below 2°C compared with pre-industrial periods; this has emerged as the most prominent interpretation of how to avoid dangerous climate change. The 2°C target was confirmed and made legally binding in the Paris agreement at the “climate summit” (Conference of Parties 21, COP21) in December 2015. But despite agreement on the target, greenhouse-gas emissions are unlikely to fall soon and fast enough to meet the target, raising the question of whether this target needs to be revised or reinterpreted, and also of why there is insufficient cooperation toward emissions reduction despite the risk of dangerous climate change. Previous theoretical and experimental research has suggested that cooperation towards emissions reduction is undermined by uncertainty about the threshold marking the transition to dangerous climate change. However, even if the threshold and hence the location of the target are known precisely, uncertainty ensues because of an unknown risk that arises from missing the collective target. How humans deal with this risk has not been investigated experimentally. Here we investigate how individuals behave under different risk scenarios if a collective target is missed. We perform economics experiments framed as a collective-risk social dilemma and directly examine the extent to which human subjects trade pay-out reduction for risk. We show that a reduced assessed risk arising from missing the collective target leads to reduced contributions towards the target; but that risk reduction causes the subjects almost to maximize their individual pay-out by balancing the effort to reach the target against the risk posed by missing it. We provide quantitative support for the argument that group contributions toward the collective target can be interpreted as proportional to mitigated warming. We conclude that reinterpretation of the 2°C target as less strict causes additional warming. However, our subjects deal effectively with a risk of dangerous climate change that they assess to depend gradually on global warming. Our results suggest that, if the additional warming is judged to be acceptable, a less strict interpretation of the 2°C target might support finding a trade-off between the effort put into climate mitigation and the risk of dangerous climate change.
Savannas and human evolution
Authors: Furley Peter A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Savannas have helped to shape the evolutionary pageant of human history and the dispersal of our ancestors across the continents. Although there is considerable controversy over the causes and mechanisms of this evolutionary story, ecological, environmental, and genetic evidence suggests that human-like primates first arose in savanna sites within Africa. These habitats offered more open conditions of grassland and woodland that are believed to have stimulated the development of specific physical attributes and social behaviour leading to advanced and mobile societies. ‘Savannas and human evolution’ considers the origins of savannas, the origins and movements of people, and their dispersal and migration around the globe to Australia and the Americas.
The canon, authoritative scriptures, and the scrolls
Authors: Lim Timothy H. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Dead Sea Scrolls have shed light on the canonization of the Old Testament or Hebrew Bible in the Second Temple period. They provide us with exemplars of their biblical texts and how they used them in an authoritative manner. ‘The canon, authoritative scriptures, and the scrolls’ explains that the sectarian concept of authoritative scriptures seemed to reflect a dual pattern of authority by which the traditional biblical texts served as the source of the sectarian interpretation that in turn was defined by it. The authority was graded, beginning with the biblical books and extending to other books that were not eventually included in the canon.
The scrolls and early Christianity
Authors: Lim Timothy H. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
‘The scrolls and early Christianity’ looks at what the Dead Sea Scrolls can tell us about Christianity. Any link between the Dead Sea Scrolls and the early Church generates a great deal of sensationalism. Some say that the scrolls are New Testament documents that depict Jesus. For instance, one fragment apparently tells of a ‘slain prince [or messiah]’. In fact, the prince was actually slaying someone else—oddities in vowel and suffix use in ancient Hebrew give rise to the misinterpretation. Another theory suggests that there was a common sectarian matrix in use at the birth of Christianity, meaning that one sect could use words very differently to another.
Attending
Authors: Passingham Richard 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
‘Attending’ considers the following questions: Why do some patients neglect things to their left after a stroke? Why does attending to something else decrease the feeling of pain? Why is it dangerous to use a mobile phone while driving? It shows that there is not a limit to the capacity of the brain system to take in information, but at any one time you are only interested in some of the information that is available. The anatomical systems that support functional systems in looking and attending are described along with how we locate and identify targets, how attention is focused and divided, and how inputs and outputs are processed during multitasking.
Modern Jewish nationalism, 1872–1897
Authors: Stanislawski Michael 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The true historical invention of modern Jewish nationalism was the result of an internal development within the Jewish Enlightenment movement known as the Haskalah. The Haskalah began in Germany in the mid-eighteenth century under the aegis of Moses Mendelssohn, one of the most formidable philosophers of his age. “Modern Jewish Nationalism, 1872–1897” outlines early Jewish nationalist ideology including Peretz Smolenskin’s periodical Ha-Shahar (The dawn), founded in 1868; Russian Jews Moshe Leib Lilienblum and Eliezer Ben-Yehuda; Leon Pinsker; the Alliance Israélite Universelle, set up to improve the conditions of the Jews around the world; and the movements Bilu and Love of Zion that set up agricultural communities in Palestine.
Nationalism and messianism, 1967–1977
Authors: Stanislawski Michael 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The most consequential event in Israel’s history in the second half of the twentieth century was its victory in the Six Day War of June 1967 and its occupation of the West Bank, the Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip, the Sinai Peninsula, and East Jerusalem. “Nationalism and messianism: 1967–1977” outlines the effects of this war and the 1973 Yom Kippur War on Israel and Zionism. Two historic developments were the dilution of the socialist component of Mapai’s labor Zionism in favor of a more centrist economic and social politics and the de-marginalization and embrace of Menachem Begin’s Herut Party as full members of Israel’s political establishment.
Improved data-driven likelihood factorizations for transcript abundance estimation
Authors: Zakeri Mohsen , Srivastava Avi , Almodaresi Fatemeh , Patro Rob 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Many methods for transcript-level abundance estimation reduce the computational burden associated with the iterative algorithms they use by adopting an approximate factorization of the likelihood function they optimize. This leads to considerably faster convergence of the optimization procedure, since each round of e.g. the EM algorithm, can execute much more quickly. However, these approximate factorizations of the likelihood function simplify calculations at the expense of discarding certain information that can be useful for accurate transcript abundance estimation.

Results
We demonstrate that model simplifications (i.e. factorizations of the likelihood function) adopted by certain abundance estimation methods can lead to a diminished ability to accurately estimate the abundances of highly related transcripts. In particular, considering factorizations based on transcript-fragment compatibility alone can result in a loss of accuracy compared to the per-fragment, unsimplified model. However, we show that such shortcomings are not an inherent limitation of approximately factorizing the underlying likelihood function. By considering the appropriate conditional fragment probabilities, and adopting improved, data-driven factorizations of this likelihood, we demonstrate that such approaches can achieve accuracy nearly indistinguishable from methods that consider the complete (i.e. per-fragment) likelihood, while retaining the computational efficiently of the compatibility-based factorizations.

Availability and implementation
Our data-driven factorizations are incorporated into a branch of the Salmon transcript quantification tool: https://github.com/COMBINE-lab/salmon/tree/factorizations.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
miniMDS: 3D structural inference from high-resolution Hi-C data
Authors: Rieber Lila , Mahony Shaun 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Recent experiments have provided Hi-C data at resolution as high as 1 kbp. However, 3D structural inference from high-resolution Hi-C datasets is often computationally unfeasible using existing methods.

Results
We have developed miniMDS, an approximation of multidimensional scaling (MDS) that partitions a Hi-C dataset, performs high-resolution MDS separately on each partition, and then reassembles the partitions using low-resolution MDS. miniMDS is faster, more accurate, and uses less memory than existing methods for inferring the human genome at high resolution (10 kbp).

Availability and implementation
A Python implementation of miniMDS is available on GitHub: https://github.com/seqcode/miniMDS.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
High-Fat Feeding Protects Mice From Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury, Via Neutrophil-Independent Mechanisms
Authors: Wilson Michael R. , Petrie Joanne E. , Shaw Michael W. , Hu Cong , Oakley Charlotte M. , Woods Samantha J. , Patel Brijesh V. , O’Dea Kieran P. , Takata Masao 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
Obesity has a complex impact on acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, being associated with increased likelihood of developing the syndrome but reduced likelihood of dying. We propose that such observations are potentially explained by a model in which obesity influences the iatrogenic injury that occurs subsequent to intensive care admission. This study therefore investigated whether fat feeding protected mice from ventilator-induced lung injury.

Design:
In vivo study.

Setting:
University research laboratory.

Subjects:
Wild-type C57Bl/6 mice or tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 knockout mice, either fed a high-fat diet for 12–14 weeks, or age-matched lean controls.

Interventions:
Anesthetized mice were ventilated with injurious high tidal volume ventilation for periods up to 180 minutes.

Measurements and Main Results:
Fat-fed mice showed clear attenuation of ventilator-induced lung injury in terms of respiratory mechanics, blood gases, and pulmonary edema. Leukocyte recruitment and activation within the lungs were not significantly attenuated nor were a host of circulating or intra-alveolar inflammatory cytokines. However, intra-alveolar matrix metalloproteinase activity and levels of the matrix metalloproteinase cleavage product soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products were significantly attenuated in fat-fed mice. This was associated with reduced stretch-induced CD147 expression on lung epithelial cells.

Conclusions:
Consumption of a high-fat diet protects mice from ventilator-induced lung injury in a manner independent of neutrophil recruitment, which we postulate instead arises through blunted up-regulation of CD147 expression and subsequent activation of intra-alveolar matrix metalloproteinases. These findings may open avenues for therapeutic manipulation in acute respiratory distress syndrome and could have implications for understanding the pathogenesis of lung disease in obese patients.
Sport participation behaviours of spectators attending major sports events and event induced attitudinal changes towards sport
Authors: Ramchandani Girish , Coleman Richard J. , Bingham Jerry 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Evidence of the link between major sports events and increased participation at grassroots level is somewhat mixed. The purpose of this paper is to examine attitudinal changes to sport participation among spectators associated with seven sports events held in Great Britain in 2014.

Design/methodology/approach
Primary data were gathered from 4,590 spectators aged 16 and over who attended one of the events. Both positive (inspiration) effects and negative (discouragement) effects were considered through the lens of the transtheoretical model (TTM).

Findings
The evidence from this research indicates that event audiences belong primarily to the latter (more active) stages of the TTM. It was also found that attending sports events can further fuel the existing desire of contemplators to increase participation, whereas the catalytic effect among pre-contemplators is arguably less potent. Virtually no discouragement effects were observed across the different TTM stages.

Research limitations/implications
The research stops short of measuring actual changes in sport participation post-event of individuals in the different TTM stages and any attribution of such behaviour changes to events. This is both a limitation of the current research and a natural direction for future research.

Practical implications
The main implications for promoting sport participation through the medium of sports events include attracting more people in the early stages of the TTM, greater collaboration between different event stakeholders and the building of sport participation strategies into the event planning phase.

Originality/value
Models of behaviour change such as the TTM have seldom been applied to document the current and/or planned sport participation behaviour of individuals in a sport event context or to examine attitudinal changes towards sport as a result of attending an event. An adapted version of the TTM has been proposed to overcome the limitations of the traditional model.
Lean Six Sigma applications in the textile industry: a case study
Authors: Adikorley Ruth Dede , Rothenberg Lori , Guillory Aaron 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore Lean Six Sigma (LSS) project and program success in the textile and apparel industry. This paper presents depictions of LSS implementations and the resulting economic impact for a textile company.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative approach consisting of a single descriptive case study and project document reviews was used. This method provided an in-depth view into what LSS means for one medium-sized global textile company and how it has proven important to the company’s success.

Findings
Three successful projects, two on changeover time reduction and one on metal contamination, were completed. Additional findings from this study suggest that strategic partnerships with other high-performing companies and storytelling are two critical success factors. Also, it is critical for management to convey a clear vision for LSS that can be operationalized within a company for successful deployment of LSS textile projects.

Research limitations/implications
The findings from this case study cannot be generalized.

Originality/value
The literature on LSS in small- and medium-sized businesses is limited. The literature on the use of LSS in the textile and apparel industry is even more limited. This paper shows various processes within the textile complex where LSS has been deployed successfully, yielding economic impacts. By using qualitative methods, the value of strategic partnerships, storytelling and a vision was seen.
What really happens in Kavos
Authors: Williams-Burnett Nicola Jayne , Fallon Julia 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the organic destination image of Kavos, as portrayed through irresponsible tourism-related behaviours on “reality” TV programmes, with its complex image according to members of the local community.

Design/methodology/approach
A thematic analysis was undertaken of four reality television programmes. This was compared with the qualitative data gathered from depth interviews.

Findings
The portrayal of tourism in Kavos focuses on only one narrow segment of young British high-season tourists. Thus, the destination image is unbalanced, neglects changing patterns of tourism throughout the year and neglects various other stakeholders in the destination’s image formation process.

Research limitations/implications
A limitation of this study is that it explored reality television programmes that focused on Kavos and featured a younger demographic. Further studies could look to include a range of reality programmes from different geographic locations and, include other demographics.

Practical implications
A more holistic image, created and communicated by those responsible for managing the destination, could go some way to ameliorating the disparities between what is portrayed on reality television and what really happens in the resort.

Social implications
Most media portrayal about Kavos focuses only on irresponsible tourist behaviours. This paper explores the physical and social aspects of place-making, an approach that thus becomes more inclusive of considering a place from the perspective of both its permanent and transient inhabitants.

Originality/value
By including in the authors’ data sources the under-researched phenomenon of reality television programmes, along with insights gained from members of the local community, this study makes a number of contributions to: the way destinations are theorised and conceptualised; and to the way tourism destinations with negative images may be approached both theoretically and in practice.
Fatal Acute Hemorrhagic Bowel Infarction Caused by Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Srettabunjong Supawon 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAcute mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is a rare, but life‐threatening medical phenomenon. MVT is normally characterized by insidious onset, with nonspecific signs and symptoms. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for diagnosis, and emergency surgery is necessary to optimize the chances of patient survival, especially in the people aged more than 70 years. Surprisingly, based on my review of the literature, no fatal acute MVT case has been reported in the forensic literature. All reported such cases have been documented in medical literature, and most of them have been associated with underlying risk factors for venous thrombosis, such as hypercoagulable state, certain cancers, and stasis of the blood flow. Here, I report the case of a sudden unexpected death due to extensive intestinal ischemia and infarction with massive abdominal hemorrhage caused by acute MVT in a 72‐year‐old man without known underlying risk factors.
The Beginning of Big Sciences in Physics: The Price to Pay
Authors: Kouneiher Joseph , Barbachoux Cécile 
Published: April 2017

As long as there is freedom of research, there is the responsibility that comes with it In this paper, we want to trace back the actual changes concerning the relations between physics in particular and sciences in general with socio-economical and technological evolution of the societies. Our main idea is that those changes started with the Atomic Bomb project and the beginning of big sciences mostly and in some degree it is a legacy of the implication of some scientific Laboratories in the World War I and II.
Argentine Gramscians between Culture and Politics: The Case of Pasado y Presente
Authors: Popovitch Anna 
Published: April 2017

The Argentine cultural journal Pasado y Presente (1963–1965; 1973), founded in the city of Córdoba by a group of New Left thinkers including José Aricó, positioned itself at the intersection between the cultural sphere and the field of political action. The members of the collective adopted a critical attitude toward European social theories imported to Latin America and envisioned an alliance between Marxism and Peronism. They also debated the viability of armed struggle, advocated workers’ councils, and identified a new political imaginary for the Argentine New Left, a “third way.” The journal’s intellectual trajectory reveals a tension between the cultural and the political spheres that prevented it from becoming a strictly political entity. La revista cultural argentina Pasado y Presente (1963–1965; 1973), fundada en la ciudad de Córdoba por un grupo de pensadores de la Nueva Izquierda, incluyendo a José Aricó, se situó en la intersección entre el ámbito cultural y el campo de la acción política. Los miembros del colectivo adoptaron una actitud crítica en relación a las teorías sociales europeas importadas a América Latina y concibieron una alianza entre el marxismo y peronismo. También debatieron sobre la viabilidad de la lucha armada, abogaron a favor de los comités obreros e inauguraron un nuevo imaginario político para la nueva izquierda Argentina—una “tercera vía”. La trayectoria intelectual de la revista revela una tensión entre los espacios cultural y político que impidió que se convirtiera en una entidad estrictamente política.
The prevalence and characteristics of a subcortical cystic lesion at the subspinous region of the knee
Authors: Son Ji Ye , Yoon Young Cheol , Jin Wook , Cha Jang Gyu 
Published: April 2017

Background Although we observed that subcortical cysts near the attachment of the meniscus or cruciate ligaments are frequently seen with a tear or degeneration of the adjacent meniscus and/or cruciate ligament, there is no large study describing the prevalence, distribution, and associated findings of these cysts. Purpose To evaluate the prevalence and distribution of subcortical cysts near the attachments of the meniscus or cruciate ligaments and evaluate pathologies of the meniscus or cruciate ligaments using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and Methods We reviewed 1009 knee MRIs for the presence of subcortical cysts near the meniscus or cruciate ligament attachments and evaluated their size, location, edema of the adjacent bone marrow, and integrities of the medial and lateral meniscus and anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments. Results The 110 cysts were found in either the middle (n = 56), posterior (n = 52), or anterior (n = 2) subspinous regions. Sixty-two were at meniscal root insertion, including seven at the lateral meniscus anterior horn, five at the lateral meniscus posterior horn, 48 at the medial meniscus posterior horn, and two at the medial meniscus anterior horn. All were associated with an adjacent meniscal pathology. Of the 34 cysts at the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insertion, 28 had ACL pathology. Nine cysts had surrounding edema in the adjacent bone marrow. Conclusion Subcortical cysts at the subspinous region of the knee were seen in 9.6% of knee MRI examinations. Most were in close proximity to the meniscal or cruciate ligaments with associated pathologies, suggesting that abnormal stress on the bone induces cyst formation.