bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure aided design of a Neu5Gc specific lectin
Authors: Day Christopher J. , Paton Adrienne W. , Higgins Melanie A. , Shewell Lucy K. , Jen Freda E.-C. , Schulz Benjamin L. , Herdman Brock P. , Paton James C. , Jennings Michael P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSubtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) of Escherichia coli is an AB5 class bacterial toxin. The pentameric B subunit (SubB) binds the cellular carbohydrate receptor, α2–3-linked N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Neu5Gc is not expressed on normal human cells, but is expressed by cancer cells. Elevated Neu5Gc has been observed in breast, ovarian, prostate, colon and lung cancer. The presence of Neu5Gc is prognostically important, and correlates with invasiveness, metastasis and tumour grade. Neu5Gc binding by SubB suggests that it may have utility as a diagnostic tool for the detection Neu5Gc tumor antigens. Native SubB has 20-fold less binding to N-acetlylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac); over 30-fold less if the Neu5Gc linkage was changed from α2–3 to α2–6. Using molecular modeling approaches, site directed mutations were made to reduce the α2–3 $${\boldsymbol{\gg }}$$
≫
α2–6-linkage preference, while maintaining or enhancing the selectivity of SubB for Neu5Gc over Neu5Ac. Surface plasmon resonance and glycan array analysis showed that the SubBΔS106/ΔT107 mutant displayed improved specificity towards Neu5Gc and bound to α2–6-linked Neu5Gc. SubBΔS106/ΔT107 could discriminate NeuGc- over Neu5Ac-glycoconjugates in ELISA. These data suggest that improved SubB mutants offer a new tool for the testing of biological samples, particularly serum and other fluids from individuals with cancer or suspected of having cancer.
Organic molecular heterogeneities can withstand diagenesis
Authors: Alleon Julien , Bernard Sylvain , Le Guillou Corentin , Daval Damien , Skouri-Panet Feriel , Kuga Maïa , Robert François 
Published: April 2017

AbstractReconstructing the original biogeochemistry of organic fossils requires quantifying the extent of the chemical transformations that they underwent during burial-induced maturation processes. Here, we performed laboratory experiments on chemically different organic materials in order to simulate the thermal maturation processes that occur during diagenesis. Starting organic materials were microorganisms and organic aerosols. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) was used to collect X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) data of the organic residues. Results indicate that even after having been submitted to 250 °C and 250 bars for 100 days, the molecular signatures of microorganisms and aerosols remain different in terms of nitrogen-to-carbon atomic ratio and carbon and nitrogen speciation. These observations suggest that burial-induced thermal degradation processes may not completely obliterate the chemical and molecular signatures of organic molecules. In other words, the present study suggests that organic molecular heterogeneities can withstand diagenesis and be recognized in the fossil record.
Mixed-reproductive strategies, competitive mating-type distribution and life cycle of fourteen black morel species
Authors: Du Xi-Hui , Zhao Qi , Xia En-Hua , Gao Li-Zhi , Richard Franck , Yang Zhu L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMorchella species are well known world-round as popular and prized edible fungi due to their unique culinary flavor. Recently, several species have been successfully cultivated in China. However, their reproductive modes are still unknown, and their basic biology needs to be elucidated. Here, we use the morel genome information to investigate mating systems and life cycles of fourteen black morel species. Mating type-specific primers were developed to screen and genotype ascospores, hymenia and stipes from 223 ascocarps of the 14 species from Asia and Europe. Our data indicated that they are all heterothallic and their life cycles are predominantly haploid, but sterile haploid fruiting also exists. Ascospores in all species are mostly haploid, homokaryotic, and multinuclear, whereas aborted ascospores without any nuclei were also detected. Interestingly, we monitored divergent spatial distribution of both mating types in natural morel populations and cultivated sites, where the fertile tissue of fruiting bodies usually harbored both mating types, whereas sterile tissue of wild morels constantly had one MAT allele, while the sterile tissue of cultivated strains always exhibited both MAT alleles. Furthermore, MAT1-1-1 was detected significantly more commonly than MAT1-2-1 in natural populations, which strongly suggested a competitive advantage for MAT1-1 strains.
Observability of Boolean multiplex control networks
Authors: Wu Yuhu , Xu Jingxue , Sun Xi-Ming , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBoolean multiplex (multilevel) networks (BMNs) are currently receiving considerable attention as theoretical arguments for modeling of biological systems and system level analysis. Studying control-related problems in BMNs may not only provide new views into the intrinsic control in complex biological systems, but also enable us to develop a method for manipulating biological systems using exogenous inputs. In this article, the observability of the Boolean multiplex control networks (BMCNs) are studied. First, the dynamical model and structure of BMCNs with control inputs and outputs are constructed. By using of Semi-Tensor Product (STP) approach, the logical dynamics of BMCNs is converted into an equivalent algebraic representation. Then, the observability of the BMCNs with two different kinds of control inputs is investigated by giving necessary and sufficient conditions. Finally, examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the obtained theoretical results.
WINCS Harmoni: Closed-loop dynamic neurochemical control of therapeutic interventions
Authors: Lee Kendall H. , Lujan J. Luis , Trevathan James K. , Ross Erika K. , Bartoletta John J. , Park Hyung Ook , Paek Seungleal Brian , Nicolai Evan N. , Lee Jannifer H. , Min Hoon-Ki , Kimble Christopher J. , Blaha Charles D. , Bennet Kevin E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThere has been significant progress in understanding the role of neurotransmitters in normal and pathologic brain function. However, preclinical trials aimed at improving therapeutic interventions do not take advantage of real-time in vivo neurochemical changes in dynamic brain processes such as disease progression and response to pharmacologic, cognitive, behavioral, and neuromodulation therapies. This is due in part to a lack of flexible research tools that allow in vivo measurement of the dynamic changes in brain chemistry. Here, we present a research platform, WINCS Harmoni, which can measure in vivo neurochemical activity simultaneously across multiple anatomical targets to study normal and pathologic brain function. In addition, WINCS Harmoni can provide real-time neurochemical feedback for closed-loop control of neurochemical levels via its synchronized stimulation and neurochemical sensing capabilities. We demonstrate these and other key features of this platform in non-human primate, swine, and rodent models of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Ultimately, systems like the one described here will improve our understanding of the dynamics of brain physiology in the context of neurologic disease and therapeutic interventions, which may lead to the development of precision medicine and personalized therapies for optimal therapeutic efficacy.
Arthroscopic Scaphoid 3D Test for Scapholunate Instability
Authors: Ocampos Montserrat , Cerro Miguel , Corella Fernando 
Published: April 2017

Background Patients with scapholunate instability usually have pain in the dorsal wrist. This pain may occur due to the impingement between the scaphoid and the dorsal rim of the radius when the scaphoid is detached from the lunate. This pain appears as the scaphoid is displaced over the dorsal rim of the radius. The arthroscopic scaphoid 3D (dorsal, dynamic, displacement) test is described here to check this pathologic dorsal displacement of the scaphoid.
Surgical Technique The test should be performed both in the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints. Traction is released and the arthroscope is set under the lunate when tested in the radiocarpal joint and on the lunate when tested in the midcarpal joint. The scaphoid is manually pushed dorsally at the scaphoid tubercle. If there was no scapholunate instability, all the proximal row bones are minimally displaced: a negative test. If there was scapholunate instability, the scaphoid is displaced dorsally while the lunate remains static: evaluated as positive.
Clinical Relevance This test can add information to the arthroscopic classifications of the scapholunate instability, which explore both the proximal to distal displacement of the scaphoid (the step-off) and the ulnar to radial displacement (the gap), as this test explores the volar to dorsal displacement.
Impact of Remote Ischemic Postconditioning during Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Left Ventricular Remodeling after Anterior Wall ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Awad Omar , Raymond Ramy , Badran Haytham , Mostafa Ahmad , Saad Marwan , Elbadawi Ayman 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe role of remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) in improving left ventricular (LV) remodeling after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not well established. To determine the efficacy and safety of RIPostC in improving LV remodeling and cardiovascular outcomes after primary PCI for anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Seventy-one patients with anterior STEMI were randomized to primary PCI with RIPostC protocol (n = 36) versus conventional primary PCI (n = 35). Primary outcomes included LV remodeling and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) at 6 month follow-up using transthoracic echocardiography. Secondary outcomes included infarct size, ST-segment resolution (STR) ≥70%, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade, and myocardial blush grade (MBG). Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were also assessed at 6 months. Safety outcome included incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) postprimary PCI. Sixty patients completed the study. At 6 months, there was no significant decrease in the incidence of LV remodeling with RIPostC group (p = 0.42). Similarly, RIPostC failed to show significant improvement in LVEF. However, STR ≥ 70% after primary PCI was achieved more in the RIPostC group (p = 0.04), with a trend toward less AKI in the RIPostC group (p = 0.08). All other secondary end points, including MACEs at 6 months, were similar in both groups. RIPostC might be associated with better STR after reperfusion as well as less incidence of AKI in patients undergoing primary PCI for anterior wall STEMI, indicating potential benefit in those patients. Whether this role can be translated to better outcomes after primary PCI warrants further investigation.
Religiöse/spirituelle Bedürfnisse und psychosoziale Belastung von Patienten mit malignem Melanom
Authors: Haußmann Annette , Schäffeler Norbert , Hautzinger Martin , Weyel Birgit , Eigentler Thomas , Zipfel Stephan , Teufel Martin 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Während einer Krebserkrankung stellen sich Fragen nach Lebenssinn in neuer Prägnanz. Studien zeigen, dass ein Großteil der Patienten spirituelle Bedürfnisse äußern und Religiosität/ Spiritualität eine wichtige Ressource in der Krankheitsbewältigung sein kann. Bislang liegen zur Entwicklung psychischer Belastung und der Rolle spiritueller Bedürfnisse im Krankheits- und Behandlungsverlauf von Patienten mit malignem Melanom wenige Studien vor.
Die Studie untersucht religiöse/spirituelle Bedürfnisse und psychosoziale Belastungen bei n=22 Patienten mit malignem Melanom zu 2 Zeitpunkten: stationärer Aufenthalt zur Entfernung der Wächterlymphknoten (t1) sowie 8 Wochen später (t2). Distress, Angst, Depressivität sowie spirituelle Bedürfnisse und Religiosität wurden mithilfe standardisierter Assessments (HSI, DT, HADS, PHQ; SpNQ; SpREUK) erfasst.
Unabhängig von Belastung und Messzeitpunkt äußerten alle Patienten spirituelle Bedürfnisse. Besonders wichtig waren das Bedürfnis nach ganzheitlichem Heilsein, sozialer Einbindung, Gewissheit von Lebenssinn und Gespräch über Sorgen und Ängste. Es zeigte sich eine geringere psychische Belastung von Patienten, die sich selbst als religiös bezeichneten.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Relevanz einer Berücksichtigung von spirituellen Bedürfnissen im klinischen und ambulanten Kontext der Krebsbehandlung. Die Befunde deuten außerdem darauf hin, dass Religiosität/Spiritualität eine wichtige Ressource bei der Krankheitsverarbeitung sein kann.
Spirituelle Bedürfnisse sollten im Behandlungsprozess im Sinne eines integrativen Behandlungskonzepts sowohl von psychoonkologischer als auch von seelsorgerlicher Seite erfragt und berücksichtigt werden.
Jung’s Red Book, improvisation, and the mētic spirit
Authors: Fertel Randy 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTUnderstandingThe Red Book as an improvisation and Jung as an improviser offers a new approach to understanding the active imagination and the analytic method that emerged from it. Such an approach uncovers the mētic spirit – the spirit of polytropic intelligence – that informsThe Red Bookand the archetypal figure of Hermes/Mercurius/Trickster that informs all improvisations and will come to dominate Jung’s career. The rhetoric of improvisation inThe Red Bookconveys that, uncontaminated by the directed consciousness or ego, personae and imagoes arise spontaneously from his unconscious and control him, not he them. Such gestures privilege non-rational ways of making art and knowing the self and world, part and parcel of the paradigm shift that characterizes the 20th century. Jung’s Red Book is on the leading edge of that effort to shift from objective rationality to a rationality that can embrace subjective elements: the unconscious and the irrational, not just the “broad highways” but also the “back alleys” of human experience.
The negative-differential-resistance (NDR) mechanism of a hydroelastic microfluidic oscillator
Authors: Xia H M , Wu J W , Wang Z P 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A microfluidic oscillator is of interest because it converts a stable laminar flow to oscillatory flow, especially in view of the fact that turbulence is typically absent in miniaturized fluidic devices. One important design approach is to utilize hydroelastic effect-induced autonomous oscillations to modify the flow, so to reduce the reliance on external controllers. However, as complex fluid-structure interactions are involved, the prediction of its mechanism is rather challenging. Here, we present a simple equivalent circuit model and investigate the negative-differential-resistance (NDR) mechanism of a hydroelastic microfluidic oscillator. We show that a variety of complex flow behaviors including the onset of oscillation, formation of different oscillation patterns, collapse of the channel, etc can be well explained by this model. It provides a generic approach for construction of microfluidic NDR oscillators, following which a new design is also proposed. Relevant findings give more insights into the hydroelastic instability problems in microfluidics, and enrich the study of microfluidic flow control devices based on the electric circuit theory.
Washes and Hues: Reading for Colour in Marie NDiaye
Authors: Jordan Shirley 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

This article analyses Marie NDiaye’s experimentation with colour and colour values, and argues that she sets out to unsettle the way we think about colour. For the main part colour — and indeed colour blindness — in the author’s work have been explored through scrutiny of her progressively more detailed attentiveness to experiences and perceptions of skin colour in contemporary France. Yet colour is deployed and investigated in numerous distinctive and often painterly ways in her writing; ways which suggest her interest in other than racialized paradigms and which attune us to colour processing and human cognition, to emotional responses to colour, and to an ethical issue that is perpetually at stake in our engagement with her work: empathy. Through analysis of her colour-writing in selected texts, especially
La Naufragée
(1999),
Rosie Carpe
(2001), and
Autoportrait en vert
(2006), this article explores NDiaye’s chromatic experimentation as a linchpin for asking probing questions about emotion, memory, the senses, perception, self-perception, creativity, and mental disorder in modern and contemporary writing in French. Specific dimensions of the author’s colour practice, namely her interest in all-suffusing washes and her declining of hues of a given colour (here, yellow and green) are given detailed attention, and important painterly and literary intertexts are examined.
GSuite HyperBrowser: integrative analysis of dataset collections across the genome and epigenome
Authors: Simovski Boris , Vodák Daniel , Gundersen Sveinung , Domanska Diana , Azab Abdulrahman , Holden Lars , Holden Marit , Grytten Ivar , Rand Knut , Drabløs Finn , Johansen Morten , Mora Antonio , Lund-Andersen Christin , Fromm Bastian , Eskeland Ragnhild , Gabrielsen Odd Stokke , Ferkingstad Egil , Nakken Sigve , Bengtsen Mads , Nederbragt Alexander Johan , Thorarensen Hildur Sif , Akse Johannes Andreas , Glad Ingrid , Hovig Eivind , Sandve Geir Kjetil 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background:
Recent large-scale undertakings such as ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenomics have generated experimental data mapped to the human reference genome (as genomic tracks) representing a variety of functional elements across a large number of cell types. Despite the high potential value of these publicly available data for a broad variety of investigations, little attention has been given to the analytical methodology necessary for their widespread utilisation.

Findings:
We here present a first principled treatment of the analysis of collections of genomic tracks. We have developed novel computational and statistical methodology to permit comparative and confirmatory analyses across multiple and disparate data sources. We delineate a set of generic questions that are useful across a broad range of investigations and discuss the implications of choosing different statistical measures and null models. Examples include contrasting analyses across different tissues or diseases. The methodology has been implemented in a comprehensive open-source software system, the GSuite HyperBrowser. To make the functionality accessible to biologists, and to facilitate reproducible analysis, we have also developed a web-based interface providing an expertly guided and customizable way of utilizing the methodology. With this system, many novel biological questions can flexibly be posed and rapidly answered.

Conclusions:
Through a combination of streamlined data acquisition, interoperable representation of dataset collections, and customizable statistical analysis with guided setup and interpretation, the GSuite HyperBrowser represents a first comprehensive solution for integrative analysis of track collections across the genome and epigenome. The software is available at: https://hyperbrowser.uio.no.
Changes in spatial and temporal variability of prey affect functional connectivity of larval and juvenile cod
Authors: Lough R. Gregory , Broughton Elisabeth A. , Kristiansen Trond 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Changes in structural connectivity as it can affect functional connectivity, the biological and behavioural responses of an organism, has been examined here over 2 contrasting years when the spatial distribution of larval and juvenile cod and their prey shifted from the flank to the crest on Georges Bank. New data on the gut contents of pelagic juvenile cod are compared with known prey distributions, potential growth and how climate warming can change connectivity in this region. Centropages spp. was the most important prey for pelagic juveniles, especially in June 1987 when they had high abundance on the crest and were dominant in the cod stomachs. In June 1986, copepod abundance was low where the juveniles were distributed along the flank. The potential growth of juvenile cod was greater in June 1987, consistent with the higher abundance of Centropages spp., and with higher recruitment survival, compared with June 1986. Annual changes in the spatial distribution of cod early life stages within the environment of cold or warm years can have different impacts on their growth and survival. Whereas the small copepods, Pseudocalanus spp., are primary prey for cod larvae and very abundant in cold years, larger copepods, Calanus finmarchicus and Centropages spp., are important prey for the pelagic juveniles and the latter species can have a high impact in warm years on the crest. The different spatial structure during cold or warm years provides an explanation why different year classes respond differently to environmental change. Depending on the presence or absence of specific prey, the functional connectivity response changes pathways that determine the growth and survival of early life stages and ultimately a role in recruitment.
Assessment of biological maturation
Authors: Malina Robert M 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The processes of growth and maturation occur concurrently and are related. Chapter 1 discusses indicators of growth status and rate followed by a description of methods for assessment of maturity status and timing. Status refers to the state of maturation at the time of observation. Skeletal age and stages of puberty indicate status. Timing refers to the chronological age at which specific maturational events occur. Ages at peak height velocity (PHV) and at menarche are used most often. Skeletal age is applicable from childhood through adolescence; other indicators of status and timing are limited to the interval of puberty and the growth spurt. Increasingly used non-invasive indicators of maturation include percentage of predicted adult height attained at the time of observation (status) and predicted maturity offset or time before age at PHV (timing). Both have limitations and require further validation.
Developmental biodynamics
Authors: Watkins James 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
From a dynamical systems perspective, coordination of human movement emerges from the intrinsic self-organizing properties of the dynamical system consisting of the individual, the task, and the environment. The movement pattern that emerges depends upon the state of the system components which impose constraints on the types of movement that may emerge. These constraints arise from the anthropometry and functional ability of the individual (individual constraints), the requirements of the task (task constraints), and the prevailing environmental conditions (environmental constraints). Abnormal movement due to cerebral palsy, disease, or injury is likely to be due to abnormal individual constraints in the form of abnormal energy resources. Therapy directed at normalizing the abnormal energy resources is likely to be more effective than therapy directed at normalizing the abnormal kinematics.
Exercise and hormones
Authors: Eliakim Alon , Nemet Dan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The complex endocrine response to exercise in children and adolescents includes significant changes in hormones that regulate muscle adaptations and growth. Better understanding of this system makes the possible use of hormonal changes as an objective tool to gauge exercise intensity and duration, to assess training response, and to improve our understanding of the beneficial and deleterious hormonal effects of competitive sports (e.g. on growth and reproduction). Moreover, better understanding of the unique relationship between exercise and the endocrine system is important not only for children and adolescents engaged in competitive sports, but also to those with chronic diseases and disabilities who wish or need to increase their physical activity levels. The effect of a single exercise bout on the endocrine system and in particularly on the GH-IGF-I axis, the reproductive system, and the adrenal gland is discussed.