bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Por la utopía de la formación de médicos generales integrales y de calidad en un sistema sanitario paradógico
Authors: Echeverry Raad Jairo 
Published: September 2017

Se hace una reflexión en relación con una publicación, en un periódico de circulación nacional, en la que se divulga la queja sobre la escasa capacidad resolutiva de los médicos generales del país, en un marco de sobrecarga laboral y pobre reconocimiento, donde simplemente se restringen la prescripción de medicamentos OTC (Over The Counter) y la remisión de un número significativo de pacientes a especialistas cuyas agendas atiborradas no dan abasto.
Dolor en miembros inferiores
Authors: Peralta Rodríguez Cristhian Leonardo , Pérez Chaparro Jamyll Ernesto , Pimienta Flórez Effemberg Amin , Pimienta Tobar Patrick Paolo , Pinto Ramírez Nidia Yined 
Published: September 2017

Este artículo muestra el enfoque de atención que les pedimos a nuestros estudiantes en la rotación de Medicina Comunitaria. Ellos organizan lo que hemos denominado el portafolio del paciente, el cual pretende ofrecer la visión más integral de la atención. Este ejemplo fue elaborado por un grupo de estudiantes que estuvo con nosotros en 2012.
Heine o la ductilidad del romanticismo
Authors: Moreno Moreno Daniel 
Published: September 2017

Reseña de: Heinrich Heine, Sobre historia de la religión y la filosofía en Alemania. La escuela romántica. Traducción de Manuel Sacristán. Introducción de Manuel Garrido. Estudio crítico a cargo de Manuel Sacristán. Tecnos, Madrid, 2015, 390 pp.
La paradoja de la metafísica romántica
Authors: Beiser Frederick C. 
Published: September 2017

Resumen Se presenta, en primer lugar, la metafísica romántica como un intento de fusionar el idealismo fichteano con el realismo spinozista. Se muestran, en segundo lugar, las dificultades encontradas por este intento a la hora de reconciliar las principales afirmaciones de ambas concepciones filosóficas: la creencia de Fichte en la primacía del yo y la fe de Spinoza en la prioridad de la naturaleza. Palabras clave: Romanticismo, Fichte, Spinoza, idealismo, realismo, naturalismo, auto-determinación Abstract Romantic Metaphysics is presented as an attempt to fuse Fichtean idealism and Spinozist realism. It is argued that the problem with this attempt is that it not always achieved to reconciliate the main tenents of both idealism and realism: that for the first the self is everything and that for the second it is the world which is everything. Keywords: Romanticism, Fichte, Spinoza, idealism, realism, naturalism, self-determination.
Poetry and Emphatic Truth: Walter Benjamin’s Reading of Hölderlin
Authors: Eldridge Richard 
Published: September 2017

Resumen El presente trabajo comenta la teoría poética de Walter Benjamin. Se hace notar que Benjamin sigue a Hölderlin al considerar que un verdadero poema es una configuración particular en la que se juntan los órdenes intelectual y perceptivo. Un verdadero poema aspiraría no a la verdad como correspondencia con un objeto determinado, sino a algo que en el texto se describe como “verdad enfática”. Palabras clave: Walter Benjamin, Hölderlin, verdad empática, crítica literaria Abstract Benjamin’s poetic theory is commented. It is noted that Benjamin follows Hölderlin in regarding a successful poem as a particular configuration that joins the intellectual and perceptual orders. Such a successful poem aims at and can possess not truth as correspondence to a given object, but rather what in the text is described as “emphatic truth”. Keywords: Walter Benjamin, Hölderlin, emphatic truth, literary criticism
G. Marañón y R. Novoa. Del imperativo natural al imperativo social
Authors: Tacoronte Domínguez María José 
Published: September 2017

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar las diferencias y continuidades que pueden encontrarse en el pensamiento de dos figuras representativas de la medicina en España durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX: Roberto Novoa Santos y Gregorio Marañón y Posadillo. La importancia de comparar el pensamiento de estos dos catedráticos se deriva, en primer lugar, de la existencia de circunstancias compartidas: ambos fueron dos científicos progresistas, política e ideológicamente, que compartieron muchas cuestiones sobre el desarrollo social. En segundo, uno y otro mostraron un especial interés por la cuestión de la mujer. Ambos autores representaron dos formas de pensamiento que coincidían en ciertos aspectos, pero que se diferenciaban en otros fundamentales, lo que tuvo consecuencias diferentes en su trayectoria política en lo que respecta al tema de los derechos de las mujeres. En tercer lugar, en sus escritos es posible identificar una notable relación entre ciencia y política, ya que utilizaron el recurso a la ciencia para justificar su ideología y su posterior influencia política sobre la división social de los sexos.
Sosa en torno al conocimiento, el juicio y la adivinación
Authors: Carter J. Adam 
Published: September 2017

En el capítulo 3 de Judgment and Agency, Ernest Sosa (2015) elabora el concepto de una actuación completamente apta. Al hacer esto, apela a ejemplos ilustrativos de actuaciones prácticas y aplica las lecciones aprendidas al caso de las actuaciones cognitivas y, en particular, a la actuación cognitiva que es el juicio. Los ejemplos de Sosa en la esfera práctica son ricos e instructivos. Pero, argumento, hay una falta de analogía interesante entre los ejemplos prácticos y cognitivos a los que apela. En última instancia, creo que la falta de analogía tiene su fuente tanto en una concepción problemática de la actuación cognitiva de la adivinación, así como en su relación con el conocimiento y la derrota.1 Una vez que se presenta esta línea argumentativa crítica, se articula una concepción alternativa de la adivinación, qua actuación cognitiva. Tal concepción evita los problemas discutidos y, aún así, es compatible con el marco general de Sosa. Palabras Clave: Ernest Sosa, conocimiento, juicio, adivinaciónAbstract In Chapter 3 of Judgment and Agency, Ernest Sosa (2015) explicates the concept of a fully apt performance. In the course of doing so, he draws from illustrative examples of practical performances and applies lessons drawn to the case of cognitive performances, and in particular, to the cognitive performance of judging. Sosa’s examples in the practical sphere are rich and instructive. But there is, I will argue, an interesting disanalogy between the practical and cognitive examples he relies on. Ultimately, I think the source of the disanalogy is a problematic picture of the cognitive performance of guessing and its connection to knowledge and defeat. Once this critical line of argument is advanced, an alternative picture of guessing, qua cognitive performance, is articulated, one which avoids the problems discussed, and yet remains compatible with Sosa’s broader framework.Keywords: Ernest Sosa, knowledge, jugment, guessing
FERTILIDAD REVOLUCIONARIA: EVOLUCIÓN DE LA CONDUCTA ESTRATÉGICA DE LAS FARC DURANTE LAS NEGOCIACIONES DE PAZ EN COLOMBIA
Authors: TORRIJO RIVERA VICENTE , GONZÁLEZ TAMAYO NICOLÁS 
Published: September 2017

El contexto fáctico surgido con ocasión de los diálogos de La Habana ha dado como resultado la mutación de la con guración del conflicto armado interno colombiano, evidenciando cambios en la estrategia utilizada por las partes vinculadas al mismo. En el presente documento se desarrolla un análisis cualitativo de la evolución de la conducta estratégica de las FARC a la luz de las variables de la fertilidad revolucionaria, tomando como referencia los diez criterios consagrados en el texto Teoría y práctica de la fertilidad revolucionaria4, con el n de constatar que la guerrilla en cuestión ha logrado adaptarse a las nuevas dinámicas del con icto y se ha fortalecido políticamente.
ORDENAMIENTO CONSTITUCIONAL, DEFENSA NACIONAL Y RELACIONES POLITICO MILITARES
Authors: Navarro Meza Miguel 
Published: September 2017

Desde los albores de su vida independiente, los diversos textos constitucionales que ha tenido Chile han incorporado contenidos que dice relación con la defensa, la soberanía y la seguridad nacional. De igual modo, dichos textos han reconocido la existencia los cuerpos armados del Estado, bajo la denominación genérica de fuerza pública y han regulado los aspectos básicos de su relación con la autoridad política, Ejecutivo y Congreso. Este no ha sido un proceso constante. Por el contrario, ha experimentado altibajos y retrocesos, pero la línea ha sido clara. Desde luego, las normas relativas a las fuerzas militares han tenido, comparativamente, un mayor desarrollo que aquellas referidas a la defensa, la soberanía y la seguridad nacional. Luego, a partir de la Constitución de 1833, los elementos fundamentales de las relaciones entre las autoridades políticas y los militares se han desarrollado en términos de asegurar un genuino control civil sobre los uniformados, conforme a las teorías contemporáneas de las relaciones político-militares. La forma como la Constitución de 1980 contiene alusiones a la seguridad de la nación y a su defensa así como las normas que reconocen la existencia de las Fuerzas Armadas, le otorga sus misiones y regulan la forma como se relaciones con las autoridades políticas, son el resultado de un proceso progresivo que viene desde el Reglamento Provisorio de 1811 y que, en la época presente, se corresponden con los teorías contemporáneas de las relaciones político-militares en democracia.
Ice-Age Climate and Continental Ice Sheets: Some Experiments with A General Circulation Model
Authors: Manabe S. , Broccoli A. J. 
Published: September 2017

The climatic influence of the land ice which existed 18 ka BP is investigated using a climate model developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The model consists of an atmospheric general circulation model coupled with a static mixed layer ocean model. Simulated climates are obtained from each of two versions of the model: one with the land-ice distribution of the present and the other with that of 18 ka BP.In the northern hemisphere, the difference in the distribution of sea surface temperature (SST) between the two experiments resembles the difference between the SST at 18 ka BP and at present as estimated by CLIMAP Project Members (1981). In the northern hemisphere a substantial lowering of air temperature also occurs in winter, with a less pronounced cooling during summer. The mid-tropospheric flow field is influenced by the Laurentide ice sheet and features a split jet stream straddling the ice sheet and a long wave trough along the east coast of North America. In the southern hemisphere of 18 ka BP, the ice sheet has little influence on temperature. An examination of hemispheric heat balances indicates that this is because only a small change in interhemispheric heat transport exists, as the In situ radiative compensation in the northern hemisphere counterbalances the effective reflection of solar radiation by continental ice sheets.Hydrologic changes in the model climate are also found, with statistically significant decreases in soil moisture occurring in a zone located to the south of the ice sheets in North America and Eurasia. These findings are consistent with some geological evidence of regionally drier climates from the last glacial maximum.
A Three-Dimensional Time-Dependent Model of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Budd W. F. , Jenssen D. , Smith I. N. 
Published: September 2017

The area of West Antarctica which drains into the Ross Ice Shelf is examined for the purpose of understanding its dynamics and developing a numerical model to study its reaction to environmental changes. A high resolution 20 km grid is used to compile a database for surface and bedrock elevation, accumulation, and surface temperatures. Balance velocities Vb are computed and found to approximate observed velocities. These balance velocities are used with basal shear stress and ice thickness above buoyancy Z* to derive parameters k2, p and q for a sliddinq relation of the form
Reasonable matching is obtained for p = 1, q = 2 and k2= 5 × 106 m3 bar−1 a−1. This sliding relation is then used in a first complete dynamic and thermodynamic velocity calculation for West Antarctica and for an improved simulation of the whole Antarctic ice sheet.
On the Relationship of Thermodynamic and Physical Properties of Polymers With Ice Adhesion
Authors: Murase H. , Nanishi K. 
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this work is to study the relationship of energetic and physical properties of polymetric materials with ice adhesion, and to develop the material to prevent ice adhesion. From various parameters of water and ice, dispersion and hydrogen bond contribution of surface free energy of ice were calculated. Using these values and that of contact angle formed between Ice and polymer in the air and also in paraffin, work of adhesion W-πe and W were determined respectively. The difference W-(W-πe) has made it possible to evaluate the effect of surface pressure n on ice adhesion. On the other hand, actual adhesive strength of ice was measured. Some correlations between theoretical and observed values were found. Further, visco-elastic properties of polymers below icing temperature and temperature dependence of strain in the ice/polymer system were investigated. The results showed some characteristics of polymers which are related to molecular mobility at lower temperature, are effective in reducing the adhesive strength to ice.Numerous attempts were made to develop coating materials to prevent ice adhesion. A composite polymer composition, which has peculiar ingredients and structure, was proposed and found to provide the ability for the lowest ice adhesion. Ice preventive mechanism of the film was discussed.
Measurement of Avalanche Speeds and Forces: Instrumentation and Preliminary Results of the Ryggfonn Project
Authors: Norem H. , Kvisterøy T. , Evensen B. D. 
Published: September 2017

The Ryggfonn project is a Full scale experiment carried out to investigate the impact of avalanches on structures and the effects of a retaining dam in the avalanche path. The vertical drop of the avalanche path is 910 m and the volume of the avalanches is 20 - 100 000 m3.The experimental set-up consists of: a 15 m high retaining dam in the runout zone, instrumented with strain gauges on a 6.5 m steel mast and a load cell on a 1.0 m mast, plus a 4.5 m high concrete structure instrumented with three 0.72 m2 load cells, and three transmission line conductors strung across the avalanche path. The recorded analogue signals are digitized using Pulse-Code-Modulation (PCM) and recorded on a magnetic tape recorder.Up to May 1984, speed data from five avalanches have been analysed, and impact pressures have been recorded from three of them. The maximum speeds vary between 38 m/s and 60 m/s. The maximum recorded impact pressure was 541 kPa, and averaged 220 kPa over a 15 second interval. A maximum pressure of 83 kPa was measured on a load cell buried under snow at the base of the concrete structure.
Movements of Marginal Pack Ice Off the Okhotsk Sea Coast of Hokkaido
Authors: Ono Nobuo 
Published: September 2017

Movement of pack ice off the Okhotsk Sea coast of Hokkaido was investigated using combinations of sea ice radar photographs and Landsat MSS imageries. The sea ice radar network, consisting of three C-band (5.54 GHz) radar stations, covers an area of about 60 km across and 250 km along the coast. As radar echoes display not the shape of ice floes but the roughness of the ice field, the shapes of floes were drawn on a radar photograph overlaid upon a simultaneous Landsat
Fig. 1.The coverage of the sea ice radar network.
imagery. Each floe was then traced on the sequential photographs of radar display. The path of each floe frequently indicated a trochoidal oscillation of 18-hour period which is close to the inertial period of this area-Such paths were examined as representing the motion of inertial circle transported upon a long-period movement. The parameter v/U indicates the magnitude of meandering movement of an ice floe within the inertial period, where v is the circumferential velocity of inertial circle motion and U is the average velocity of a main drift in the inertial period. Values of v/U were obtained in a wide range from 0.4 to 8.3 for 18-hour trochoidal paths sampled.
Formation Mechanisms of Snow Crystals at Low Temperature
Authors: Sato Noboru , Kikuchi Katsuhiro 
Published: September 2017

To study crystal shapes, and formation and growth mechanisms of snow crystals formed below -20 °C, a new type of diffusion chamber was constructed. Using this chamber, different kinds of “peculiar shaped” crystals previously observed in nature have been produced, together with normal types of snow crystals. Gohei twins, one of the most typical polycrystalline shapes in nature, have been produced artificially. The vapor pressure was at or near water saturation at the time of nucleation. Analysis of photomicrographs and replicas of Gohei twins that were replicated in the polar regions show that the number frequency of the tip angle has a maximum frequency at about 77° and a minor one at about 54°.On the basis of these results, a formation mechanism for some Gohei twins is proposed in this paper.
Measurement and Analysis of the Motion of Dense Flow Avalanches
Authors: Salm B. , Gubler H. 
Published: September 2017

Continuous avalanche flow speed measurements from start to stop of dense flow avalanches, and localized flow depth and slope perpendicular flow speed profiles, have been measured using X-band radar equipment- Maximum flow speeds of up io 65 m/s have been measured in large avalanches. Comparison of measured flow speeds with Voellmy-type model calculations shows that traditionally chosen sets of parameters, evaluated from runout measurements, cannot model the measured high speeds in the track.To get an improved quantitative understanding of flowing avalanches, it is proposed that from the start to the stop different flow regimes with different mechanical characteristics are passed through. This is based on theoretical studies of the movement of granular materials, where in adddition to the flow velocity a mean random fluctuation velocity of grains is introduced. A partly or fully fluidized state may be taken according to whether the ratio of frictional to collisional energy loss is smaller or larger than unity. In a third regime the snow is non-fluidized, ie pure gliding of the rigid snow. A good agreement of measurements with the proposed mechanisms is shown.
Visibility in Blowing Snow Observed by the Luminance Contrast
Authors: Ishtmoto Keishi , Fukuzawa Yoshifumi 
Published: September 2017

The effect of surrounding luminance on visual range in blowing snow condition was investigated in daytime, by comparing visibility derived from luminance contrast with that derived from transmissivity observed simultaneously. A volume of air sampled for monitoring may not accurately represent the atmosphere from which it was taken. Differences in measurements through two types of visibility meters increased from daytime to twilight, and with cloudy or lightly blowing snow conditions in daytime. In heavy blowing snow, visual range measured by transmissivity coincided with that by luminance contrast.We was concluded that visual range obtained by transmissometer was inclined to be over-estimated in conditions of cloud and light blowing snow.
Net Accumulation and Oxygen Isotope Composition of Snow on Mizuho Plateau. Antarctica
Authors: Satow Kazuhide , Watanabe Okitsugu 
Published: September 2017

Characteristics of annual net accumulation were studied in time and space in Mizuho Plateau, Antarctica. Annual variation of net accumulation was obtained from 1914 to 1981 from the analysis of a 30 m core bored in a high accumulation zone. Power spectral analysis of the annual accumulations shows two predominant periodicities, one of 45 years, and the other of 18 years.Inland, with small accumulation and strong temperature gradient at the surface, developments of depth hoar and the metamorphism of oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) profile of snow take place near the snow surface. From experimental results, the authors propose some models of the metamorphism of δ18O profile of snow with temperature gradient. These models can be divided into two groups: one where a cap, such as an ice crust, is present, and the other without.
Light Attentuation and Visibility in Blowing Snow
Authors: Takeuchi Masao , Fukuzawa Yoshifumi 
Published: September 2017

Visibility in blowing snow was investigated by measurements of visibility using optical targets, light attenuation of parallel beam and snow concentration and mass flux of airborne snow particles.Visibility is thought to be inversely proportional to extinction coefficient of light according to Koschmeider’s equation of visibility. However, visually observed values are not in accordance with those calculated from extinction coefficient of light when visibility is at a very low range. The extinction coefficient of light is proportional to the total cross section of airborne snow particles in a light path. The total cross section is also in proportion to concentration of airborne snow particles. There are many reported investigations of relation between visibility and snow concentration with widely differing results. The extinction coefficient of light varies with the shape and size of the particles, but cannot totally account for observed differences.Transforming the snow concentration into mass flux of snow particles, a better relation between visibility and mass flux was found. These facts are explained in terms of the size of snow particles which are large enough to be seen. Visibility through visible particles is determined not only by the homogeneous attenuation of light discovered by Koschmeider, but also by the influence of visible particles themselves and their afterimage.
Acidity of Snow and its Reduction by Alkaline Aerosols
Authors: Kumai Motoi 
Published: September 2017

Snow crystals scavenge aerosols in the atmosphere during the processes of growth and precipitation. Several kinds of flyash are found in acid snow by scanning electron microscope examination. Flyash particles from coal fired electric power plants in Fairbanks, Alaska, were found to be spherical or irregular in shape with a 0.2 to 50μm diameter, and were rich in calcium, silicon, aluminum and iron. The pH of 35 snow samples in Fairbanks ranged from 5.60 to 7.48. The acid snow was changed to alkaline snow by dry fallout of calcium-rich flyash from the electric power plants, which were using calcium-rich Alaskan coal.Flyash particles from three oil fired heating plants in Hanover, New Hampshire, were spherical and 10 to 80 μm in diameter, with gas escape holes, and were always sulfur rich. The pH values of fresh snow from 44 snowfalls were measured to range from pH 3.96 to 5.45 in Hanover. The mean hydrogen ion concentration was calculated to be 10-448 mol/L for 22 snowfalls in 1980-84, and 10-4 mol/L for 22 snowfalls in 1972-73.