bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Starch–recycled gelatin composite films produced by extrusion: Physical and mechanical properties
Authors: Chaves da Silva Normane Mirele , Fakhouri Farayde Matta , Fialho Rosana Lopes Lima , Cabral Albuquerque Elaine Christine de Magalhães 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThis article describes using recycled gelatin in production of blends of starch (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Films were produced by extrusion using varying percentages of recycled gelatin (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15% relative to the starch weight), plasticized with glycerol (20 wt % relative to the starch weight), and then characterized. The morphology results showed films with a cohesive matrix and no phase separation. The crystallinity analysis showed that the extrusion process eliminated crystalline zones of the granules and produced low‐crystallinity films. The addition of recycled gelatin caused an increased thermal stability and significantly increased the mechanical strength and solubility in water of the films. It also accelerated the biodegradation process. It was concluded that the process of recycling and reprocessing did not affect the properties of gelatin, even as it has significantly influenced the properties of the films. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46254.
Prostaglandin‐mediated recovery from bacteremia delays larval development in fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ringbauer Joseph A. , Goodman Cynthia l. , Reall Tamra , Jiang Xing‐Fu , Stanley David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInsect immunity includes a surveillance system that detects and signals infections, coupled with hemocytic and humoral immune functions. These functions are signaled and coordinated by several biochemicals, including biogenic amines, insect cytokines, peptides, and prostaglandins (PGs). The actions of these mediators are coordinated within cells by various forms of cross‐talk among the signaling systems and they result in effective reactions to infection. While this is well understood, we lack information on how immune‐mediated recovery influences subsequent juvenile development in surviving insects. We investigated this point by posing the hypothesis that PG signaling is necessary for larval recovery, although the recovery imposes biological costs, registered in developmental delays and failures in surviving individuals. Here, we report that nodulation responses to infections by the bacterium, Serratia marcescens, increased over time up to 5 h postinfection, with no further nodulation; it increased in a linear manner with increasing bacterial dosages. Larval survivorship decreased with increasing bacterial doses. Treating larvae with the PG‐biosynthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, led to sharply decreased nodulation reactions to infection, which were rescued in larvae cotreated with indomethacin and the PG‐precursor, arachidonic acid. Although nodulation was fully rescued, all bacterial challenged larvae suffered reduced survivorship compared to controls. Bacterial infection led to reduced developmental rates in larvae, but not pupae. Adult emergence from pupae that developed from experimental larvae was also decreased. Taken together, our data potently bolster our hypothesis.
Defect‐Free Mixed‐Matrix Membranes with Hydrophilic Metal‐Organic Polyhedra for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Separation
Authors: Yun Yang No , Sohail Muhammad , Moon Jong‐Ho , Kim Tae Woo , Park Kyeng Min , Chun Dong Hyuk , Park Young Cheol , Cho Churl‐Hee , Kim Hyunuk 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDefect‐free mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared by incorporating hydrophilic metal‐organic polyhedra (MOPs) into cross‐linked polyethylene oxide (XLPEO) for efficient CO2 separation. Hydrophilic MOPs with triethylene glycol pendant groups, which were assembled by 5‐tri(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether isophthalic acid and CuII ions, were uniformly dispersed in XLPEO without particle agglomeration. Compared to conventional neat XLPEO, the homogenous dispersion of EG3‐MOPs in XLPEO enhanced CO2 permeability of MMMs. Upon increasing the amount of EG3‐MOPs, the membrane performance such as CO2/N2 selectivity was steadily improved because of unsaturated CuII sites at paddle‐wheel units, which was confirmed by Cu K‐edge XANES and TPD analysis. Therefore, such defect‐free MMMs with unsaturated metal sites would contribute to enhance CO2 separation performance.
Recent Advances in Supramolecular Gels and Catalysis
Authors: Fang Weiwei , Zhang Yang , Wu Jiajie , Liu Cong , Zhu Haibo , Tu Tao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOver the past two decades, supramolecular gels have attracted significant attention from scientists in diverse research fields and have been extensively developed. This review mainly focuses on the significant achievements in supramolecular gels and catalysis. First, by incorporating diverse catalytic sites and active organic functional groups into gelator molecules, supramolecular gels have been considered as a novel matrix for catalysis. In addition, these rationally designed supramolecular gels also provide a variety of templates to access metal nanocomposites, which may function as catalysts and exhibit high activity in diverse catalytic transformations. Finally, as a new kind of biomaterial, supramolecular gels formed in situ by self‐assembly triggered by catalytic transformations are also covered herein.
Developmental social communication deficits in the Shank3 rat model of phelan‐mcdermid syndrome and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Berg Elizabeth L. , Copping Nycole A. , Rivera Josef K. , Pride Michael C. , Careaga Milo , Bauman Melissa D. , Berman Robert F. , Lein Pamela J. , Harony‐Nicolas Hala , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Ellegood Jacob , Lerch Jason P. , Wöhr Markus , Silverman Jill L. 
Published: January 2018

Mutations in the SHANK3 gene have been discovered in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the intellectual disability, Phelan‐McDermid Syndrome. This study leveraged a new rat model of Shank3 deficiency to assess complex behavioral phenomena, unique to rats, which display a richer social behavior repertoire than mice. Uniquely detectable emissions of ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in rats serve as situation‐dependent affective signals and accomplish important communicative functions. We report, for the first time, a call and response acoustic playback assay of bidirectional social communication in juvenile Shank3 rats. Interestingly, we found that Shank3‐deficient null males did not demonstrate the enhanced social approach behavior typically exhibited following playback of pro‐social USV. Concomitantly, we discovered that emission of USV in response to playback was not genotype‐dependent and emitted response calls were divergent in meaning. This is the first report of these socially relevant responses using a genetic model of ASD. A comprehensive and empirical analysis of vigorous play during juvenile reciprocal social interactions further revealed fewer bouts and reduced durations of time spent playing by multiple key parameters, including reduced anogenital sniffing and allogrooming. We further discovered that male null Shank3‐deficient pups emitted fewer isolation‐induced USV than Shank3 wildtype controls. Postnatal whole brain anatomical phenotyping was applied to visualize anatomical substrates that underlie developmental phenotypes. The data presented here lend support for the important role of Shank3 in social communication, the core symptom domain of ASD. By increasing the number of in vivo functional outcome measures, we improved the likelihood for identifying and moving forward with medical interventions. Autism Res 2018, 11: 587–601. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryClinically relevant outcomes are required to demonstrate the utility of therapeutics. We introduce findings in a rat model, and assess the impact of mutations in Shank3, an autism risk gene. We found that males with deficient expression of Shank3 did not demonstrate typical responses in a bi‐directional social communication test and that social interaction was lower on key parameters. Outcome measures reported herein extend earlier results in mice and capture responses to acoustic calls, which is analogous to measuring receptive and expressive communication.
Identification of small molecular inhibitors for efflux protein Rv2688c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Vadija Rajender , Mustyala Kiran Kumar , Malkhed Vasavi , Dulapalli Ramasree , Veeravarapu Hymavathi , Malikanti Ramesh , Vuruputuri Uma 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogen, which causes tuberculosis. The development of multidrug‐resistant and extensively drug‐resistant strains in Mtb is due to an efflux mechanism of antibiotics in the bacteria. The efflux pump proteins in the bacteria are implicated in the active efflux of antibiotics. The efflux pump protein, “fluoroquinolones export ATP‐binding protein Rv2688c” (FEAB), is considered as a potential therapeutic target to prevent tuberculosis. In the present work, in silico protocols are applied to identify inhibitors for the FEAB protein to arrest the efflux mechanism. Comparative modeling techniques are used to build the protein structure. The generated structure consists of 9 helices, 13 beta strands, and 3 β sheets. The active site is predicted using active site prediction server tools. The virtual screening protocols are carried out to generate small ligand inhibitor structures. The identified ligand molecules show selective binding with Ser97, Glu99, Lys149, Asp171, Glu172, and Ser175 amino acid residues of the protein. The ligand molecules are subjected to in silico prediction of pharmaco kinetic properties, and the predicted IC50 (HERG) of all the molecules are less than –5.0, which is indicative of the identified ligand molecules is being potentially good FEAB inhibitors.
Iniencephaly
Authors: Holmes Lewis B. , Toufaily M. Hassan , Westgate Marie‐Noel 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundIniencephaly is a severe developmental abnormality of the craniovertebral junction in which the head is retroflexed dramatically. Anatomic studies have identified striking changes in the vertebrae and skull: marked lordosis of the cervical vertebrae, duplicated cervical vertebrae, irregularly fused cervical vertebrae, a widened foramen magnum and a small posterior fossa. The affected infant appears to have no neck, as the skin of the face is continuous with the chest and the skin of the posterior scalp is continuous with the skin of the back. Iniencephaly is considered a rare neural tube defect. The frequency has been higher in geographic areas in which the rates of occurrence of anencephaly and myelomeningocele were high. Most affected fetuses are either stillborn or die soon after birth. However, one affected individual is an adult with normal intelligence.MethodsA malformations surveillance program can identify an unselected group of infants with iniencephaly. This approach can determine the prevalence rate, the frequency of associated malformations, and the occurrence of close relatives with other neural tube defects.ResultsOver 41 years, the surveillance of 289,365 births identified eight fetuses and newborn infants with iniencephaly. Five of the eight had either an additional encephalocele or a thoracic myelomeningocele. Two of the eight affected infants had a sibling or a cousin with anencephaly.ConclusionThese findings suggest a relationship between the occurrence of iniencephaly and the most common neural tube defects, anencephaly and myelomeningocele. Recent experience confirms that this complex neural tube defect is not always lethal. Birth Defects Research 110:128–133, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Causes of Congenital Malformations
Authors: Toufaily M. Hassan , Westgate Marie‐Noel , Lin Angela E. , Holmes Lewis B. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundMany different causes of malformations have been established. The surveillance of a consecutive population of births, including stillbirths and elective terminations of pregnancy because of fetal anomalies, can identify each infant with malformations and determine the frequency of the apparent etiologies. This report is a sequel to the first such analysis in the first 10 years of this Active Malformations Surveillance Program (Nelson and Holmes, ).MethodsThe presence of malformations was determined among 289,365 births over 41 years (1972–2012) at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. The abnormalities were identified from the review of the examination findings of the pediatricians and consultants and diagnostic testing for the live‐born infants and the autopsies of the fetuses in elective terminations and stillbirths.ResultsA total of 7020 (2.4%) infants and fetuses with one or more malformations were identified with these apparent etiologies in 26.6%: Mendelian disorders, including infants with postaxial polydactyly, type B; chromosome abnormalities; vascular disruption; complications of monozygous twinning; and environmental factors. The malformations of unknown etiology were a much larger group.ConclusionWhile several causes of malformations have been identified, many remain unexplained. Combining the ascertainment in a future surveillance programs with genome sequencing and chromosome microarray analysis will increase significantly the number of malformations attributed to genetic mechanisms. Birth Defects Research 110:87–91, 2018.© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Malformations attributed to the process of vascular disruption
Authors: Holmes Lewis B. , Westgate Marie‐Noel , Nasri Hanah , Toufaily M. Hassan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundSeveral malformations have been attributed to the process of vascular disruption. The central hypothesis for this etiology is that blood flow to a structure has been altered after that structure had formed normally. The decreased blood flow leads to hypoxia, endothelial cell damage, hemorrhage, tissue loss, and repair. After recovery, some structures are normal and others show either tissue loss or structural abnormalities, such as syndactyly and constriction rings.MethodsThe phenotypic features of the 7,020 infants with one or more malformations, who were born to women who had always planned to deliver at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) between, 1972 and 2012, that is, maternal nontransfers, were reviewed. The phenotypes associated with vascular disruption, such as the amniotic band syndrome and terminal transverse limb defects (TTLD), were identified.ResultsOne hundred and five fetuses and infants had malformations attributed to the process of vascular disruption. Some specific causes of the amniotic band limb deformity were identified. TTLD with associated small digit‐like nubbins occurred at three levels: proximal forearm, wrist, and metacarpal‐phalangeal joint. Other causes included severe hemoglobinopathies and exposures to misoprostol and to prenatal procedures.ConclusionsMalformations attributed to the process of vascular disruption were a distinctive entity, among the recognized etiologies. The timing of the causative event in the first trimester was established for infants with exposures to either the prostaglandin misoprostol or the prenatal diagnosis procedure chorionic villus sampling. One challenge is to identify the developmental steps in vascular disruption when no causative exposure can be identified.
The poly‐cistronic expression of four transcriptional factors (CRX, RAX, NEURO‐D, OTX2) in fibroblasts via retro‐ or lentivirus causes partial reprogramming into photoreceptor cells
Authors: Fukuda Tomokazu , Ishizawa Yasushi , Donai Kenichiro , Sugano Eriko , Tomita Hiroshi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe introduction of four key transcriptional factors (CRX, RAX, NEURO‐D, OTX2) allows the direct differentiation of fibroblasts to retinal photoreceptor cells. This reprogramming was achieved with a combination of mono‐cistronic viruses. Although the combination of mono‐cistronic viruses was useful, a relatively high titer of recombinant viruses was necessary because co‐infections are required. To overcome this issue, we established a poly‐cistronic expression system for direct reprogramming and analyzed the biological characteristics of introduced cells after the exogenous introduction. The coding region of four reprogramming factors and EGFP (CRX, RAX, NEURO‐D, OTX2, and EGFP; CNROE) was inserted into multiple sites of the pMYs‐IP retrovirus or CSII‐CMV lentivirus vector. The recombinant viruses were exposed to HE16 human embryonic fibroblasts. The expression levels of cone related genes were detected with real‐time PCR. We detected the activation of two of the photoreceptor‐related genes after the poly‐cistronic expression of CRX, RAX, NEURO‐D, and OTX2, but the rest of the genes did not exhibit transcriptional elevation. We concluded that the poly‐cistronic expression of CNROE induced partial reprogramming into photoreceptor cells. We hypothesize that the direct reprogramming into photoreceptor cells might require relatively high protein expression levels of transcriptional factors.
Cathodic Corrosion of Zinc under Potentiostatic Conditions in NaCl Solutions
Authors: Prestat Michel , Soares Costa Josiane , Lescop Benoit , Rioual Stéphane , Holzer Lorenz , Thierry Dominique 
Published: January 2018

AbstractZinc electrodes were polarized cathodically at moderate overpotentials in NaCl 0.6 M solutions under potentiostatic conditions for 7 to 17 hours at room temperature. Corrosion products were characterized by using optical microscopy, XRD, Raman microscopy, XPS, and FIB‐SEM. Close to the open‐circuit potential, the corrosion products were formed by simonkolleite and the electrochemical response exhibits anodic features. At more negative potentials, the current density remains cathodic throughout the polarization and the deposits on the electrode surface consist almost solely of ZnO. The soluble zinc species necessary for ZnO deposition originate from localized dissolution of the substrate in the form of pits. This effect is assigned to the strong alkalinization of the surface due to oxygen reduction. Despite developing greater surface area than bare zinc substrates, the nanostructured ZnO deposits reduced the cathodic activity.
Nickel Ditelluride Nanosheet Arrays: A Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Zhang Lixue 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDeveloping efficient electrocatalysts for water oxidation is of vital importance for the electrochemical production of hydrogen (H2) fuels. Herein, we report the hydrothermal synthesis of a NiTe2 nanosheet array anchored on Ti mesh (NiTe2/TM) through the topotactic transformation from a Ni(OH)2 nanoarray on the basis of an anion exchange reaction. As a robust non‐noble‐metal catalyst electrode for alkaline water oxidation, NiTe2/TM exhibits high activity and delivers a small overpotential of 315 mV to realize an anodic geometrical current density of 10 mA cm−2, with superior long‐term durability. It is suggested that the NiOOH species is evolved as the active phase for water oxidation. This study reveals a very profound earth‐abundant 3D catalyst electrode for electrochemical water splitting towards large‐scale and clean H2 evolution from water.
Mechanism of Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing in 2‐Nitronaphthalene
Authors: Zobel J. Patrick , Nogueira Juan J. , González Leticia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNitronaphthalene derivatives efficiently populate their electronically excited triplet states upon photoexcitation through ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC). Despite having been studied extensively by time‐resolved spectroscopy, the reasons behind their ultrafast ISC remain unknown. Herein, we present the first ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics study of a nitronaphthalene derivative, 2‐nitronaphthalene, including singlet and triplet states. We find that there are two distinct ISC reaction pathways involving different electronic states at distinct nuclear configurations. The high ISC efficiency is explained by the very small electronic and nuclear alterations that the chromophore needs to undergo during the singlet–triplet transition in the dominating ISC pathway after initial dynamics in the singlet manifold. The insights gained in this work are expected to shed new light on the photochemistry of other nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that exhibit ultrafast intersystem crossing.
Cyclolinear Oligo‐ and Poly(iminoborane)s: The Missing Link in Inorganic Main‐Group Macromolecular Chemistry
Authors: Ayhan Ozan , Riensch Nicolas A. , Glasmacher Clemens , Helten Holger 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe reaction of n‐C8H17B[N(Me)SiMe3]2 (1) with n‐C8H17BCl2 (2 a) yielded, instead of a linear poly(iminoborane), the aminoborane n‐C8H17B(Cl)N(Me)SiMe3 (4) and after cyclotrimerization the borazine cyclo‐(n‐C8H17BNMe)3 (6). Side reactions that result in borazine formation were effectively suppressed if 1,3‐bis(trimethylsilyl)‐1,3,2‐diazaborolidines 7 were employed as co‐monomers in combination with dichloro‐ or dibromoboranes 2 or 8, respectively. Silicon/boron exchange polycondensation led to oligo(iminoborane)s 11 a,b,ac,d. Alternative synthetic routes to such species involve Sn/B exchange of 1,3‐bis(trimethylstannyl)‐2‐n‐octyl‐1,3,2‐diazaborolidine (16) and n‐C8H17BBr2 (8 a), and the initiated polycondensation of the dormant monomer 14 in the presence of a Brønsted acid (HCl, HOTf, or HNTf2; Tf=trifluoromethylsulfonyl). Although an attempt to obtain an oligo‐/poly(iminoborane) with phenyl side groups yielded only insoluble material, the incorporation of aryl groups was proven for a derivative with both phenyl and n‐octyl boron substituents (11 ac), as well as for a derivative with 4‐n‐butylphenyl side groups (11 d). The highest‐molecular‐weight sample obtained was 11 ac. Featuring about 18 catenated BN units, on average, this is the closest approach to a poly(iminoborane) known.
Elimination du cuivre en solutions aqueuses synthétiques par sorption sur la peau d'amande: Étude cinétique et d’équilibre
Authors: Boumediène Maamar , Benaïssa Houcine , George Beatrice , Molina Stephane , Merlin André 
Published: January 2018

RÉSUMÉL'élimination du cuivre (Cu2+) par un déchet agricole: la peau d'amande (PA) séchée, broyée et tamisée (granulo: 1.25/2 mm) a été étudiée. Les expériences ont été effectuées sur des solutions aqueuses synthétiques en condition batch. L'influence du temps de contact et de la concentration initiale en métal sur la cinétique de sorption du cuivre a été étudiée. L'étude cinétique a montré que la quantité du métal sorbée à l’équilibre augmente avec l'augmentation du temps de contact et de la concentration initiale en Cu2+ dans la solution. Les courbes de cinétiques suivent parfaitement le modèle cinétique du pseudo second ordre. La diffusion intraparticulaire n'était pas prépondérante dans le processus de sorption du cuivre. Le modèle de Langmuir s'est avéré plus adéquat pour décrire les résultats d'équilibre trouvés comparativement au modèle de Freundlich. La capacité maximale (qmax) de sorption du cuivre obtenue est de 78.25 mg/g (soit 1.23 mmol/L). L'analyse par microscopie électronique à balayage couplée à l'EDAX de la peau d'amande en contact avec le cuivre après équilibre a montré l'existence du cuivre sur la surface du matériau.