bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection on Patients’ Prevention Behaviors
Authors: Weaver Frances M. , Trick William E. , Evans Charlesnika T. , Lin Michael Y. , Adams William , Pho Mai T. , Bleasdale Susan C. , Mullane Kathleen M. , Johnson Stuart , Sikka Monica K. , Peterson Lance R. , Solomonides Anthony E. , Gerding Dale N. 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVETo determine the impact of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI) on patient behaviors following illness.METHODSUsing a computer algorithm, we searched the electronic medical records of 7 Chicago-area hospitals to identify patients with RCDI (2 episodes of CDI within 15 to 56 days of each other). RCDI was validated by medical record review. Patients were asked to complete a telephone survey. The survey included questions regarding general health, social isolation, symptom severity, emotional distress, and prevention behaviors.RESULTSIn total, 119 patients completed the survey (32%). On average, respondents were 57.4 years old (standard deviation, 16.8); 57% were white, and ~50% reported hospitalization for CDI. At the time of their most recent illness, patients rated their diarrhea as high severity (58.5%) and their exhaustion as extreme (30.7%). Respondents indicated that they were very worried about getting sick again (41.5%) and about infecting others (31%). Almost 50% said that they have washed their hands more frequently (47%) and have increased their use of soap and water (45%) since their illness. Some of these patients (22%–32%) reported eating out less, avoiding certain medications and public areas, and increasing probiotic use. Most behavioral changes were unrelated to disease severity.CONCLUSIONHaving had RCDI appears to increase prevention-related behaviors in some patients. While some behaviors are appropriate (eg, handwashing), others are not supported by evidence of decreased risk and may negatively impact patient quality of life. Providers should discuss appropriate prevention behaviors with their patients and should clarify that other behaviors (eg, eating out less) will not affect their risk of future illness.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2017;38:1351–1357
Influence of large-scale motions on the frictional drag in a turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Hwang Jinyul , Sung Hyung Jin 
Published: September 2017

Direct numerical simulation data of a turbulent boundary layer ($Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=1000$) were used to investigate the large-scale influences on the vortical structures that contribute to the local skin friction. The amplitudes of the streamwise and wall-normal swirling strengths ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{x}$and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{y}$) were conditionally sampled by measuring the large-scale streamwise velocity fluctuations ($u_{l}$). In the near-wall region, the amplitudes of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{x}$and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{y}$decreased under negative$u_{l}$rather than under positive$u_{l}$. This behaviour arose from the spanwise motions within the footprints of the large-scale low-speed ($u_{l}<0$) and high-speed structures ($u_{l}>0$). The intense spanwise motions under the footprint of positive$u_{l}$noticeably strengthened the small-scale spanwise velocity fluctuations ($w_{s}$) below the centre of the near-wall vortical structures as compared to$w_{s}$within the footprint of negative$u_{l}$. The streamwise and wall-normal components were attenuated or amplified around the modulated vortical motions, which in turn led to the dependence of the swirling strength on the$u_{l}$event. We quantified the contribution of the modulated vortical motions$\langle -w\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{y}\rangle$, which were related to a change-of-scale effect due to the vortex-stretching force, to the local skin friction. In the near-wall region, intense values of$\langle -w\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{y}\rangle$were observed for positive$u_{l}$. By contrast, these values were low for negative$u_{l}$, in connection with the amplification of$w_{s}$and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{y}$by the strong spanwise motions of the positive$u_{l}$. The resultant skin friction induced by the amplified vortical motions within$u_{l}^{+}>2$was responsible for 15 % of the total skin friction generated by the change-of-scale effect. Finally, we applied this analysis to a drag-reduced flow and found that the amplified vortical motions within the footprint of positive$u_{l}$were markedly diminished, which ultimately contributed to the total drag reduction.
Large-Scale Photometric Asymmetry in Galaxy Spin Patterns
Authors: Shamir Lior 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSpin patterns of spiral galaxies can be broadly separated into galaxies with clockwise (Z-wise) patterns and galaxies with counterclockwise (S-wise) spin patterns. While the differences between these patterns are visually noticeable, they are a matter of the perspective of the observer, and therefore in a sufficiently large universe no other differences are expected between galaxies with Z-wise and S-wise patterns. Here, large datasets of spiral galaxies separated by their spin patterns are used to show that spiral galaxies with Z-wise spin patterns are photometrically different from spiral galaxies with S-wise patterns. That asymmetry changes based on the direction of observation, such that the observed asymmetry in one hemisphere is aligned with the inverse observed asymmetry in the opposite hemisphere. The results are consistent across different sky surveys (SDSS and PanSTARRS) and analysis methods. The proximity of the most probable asymmetry axis to the galactic pole suggests that the asymmetry might be driven by relativistic beaming. Annotated data from SDSS and PanSTARRS are publicly available.
The Chronology of Site 3 in Ulów (Tomaszów Lubelski District, East Poland): The Relevance of Anthracological Analysis for Radiocarbon Dating at a Multicultural Site
Authors: Moskal-del Hoyo Magdalena , Krąpiec Marek , Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska Barbara 
Published: September 2017

AbstractArchaeological site 3 in Ulów is in an area previously thought not to have been settled before historical times. Systematic excavation work that began there in 2002 revealed long-term occupation from the Late Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages. The majority of archaeological features represent a cemetery belonging to the Late Roman and Early Migration periods (III–V c. AD, Wielbark culture). The site’s relative chronology was determined from analyses of archaeological artifacts. To complete the chronological framework required for a proper interpretation of cultural processes, a group of charcoal fragments was selected for radiocarbon (14C) dating. These charcoals were first taxonomically identified and weighed, and then designated for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and conventional 14C analyses. The datings (n=43) indicated three main chronological horizons. Some of the graves from the Wielbark culture contained charcoals of younger or older age, posing problems in interpreting taphonomic processes at this multicultural site. In the light of the 14C dating results, the chronology of several features previously attributed to the Wielbark culture was re-interpreted.
Late Triassic ecosystem variations inferred by palynological records from Hechuan, southern Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: LI LIQIN , WANG YONGDONG , VAJDA VIVI , LIU ZHAOSHENG 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Late Triassic deposits of the Sichuan Basin, southwestern China are significant for hosting abundant and diverse fossil assemblages including plants (containing spores and pollen), bivalves and insects. However, the Late Triassic palaeoecological variations are still poorly documented in this region. Here we present results from a palynological study from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Hechuan of Chongqing, southern Sichuan Basin. The palynological analysis revealed a well-preserved terrestrial palynoflora of high diversity, comprising 184 species in 75 genera of spores and pollen. Three palynological assemblages were recognized, reflecting terrestrial successions throughout the entire interval with significant changes in the vegetation. Cycads/bennettites/ginkgophytes and conifers show an increasing trend into younger deposits, while ferns and lycopsids decrease in relative abundance. The Late Triassic vegetation underwent changes from lowland fern forest to a mixed forest with more canopy trees. We applied the Spore-pollen Morphological Group (SMG) method and Sporomorph EcoGroup (SEG) model to interpret the palaeoclimate features. The results reveal that the lower part of the Xujiahe Formation was deposited under relatively warm and humid conditions with an overall cooling and drying trend from latest Norian to Rhaetian time, accompanied by a general decrease of ferns and simultaneous increase of gymnosperms, and a decline in diversity of miospores. This study presents data on variations within the terrestrial ecosystem prior to the end-Triassic extinction event in the Sichuan Basin, and therefore provides important information for understanding the changes in the vegetation preceding the end-Triassic event.
Development of prediction models for upper and lower respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections using social network parameters in middle-aged and older persons -The Maastricht Study-
Authors: Brinkhues S. , van Kuijk S. M. J. , Hoebe C. J. P. A. , Savelkoul P. H. M. , Kretzschmar M. E. E. , Jansen M. W. J. , de Vries N. , Sep S. J. S. , Dagnelie P. C. , Schaper N. C. , Verhey F. R. J. , Bosma H. , Maes J. , Schram M. T. , Dukers-Muijrers N. H. T. M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe ability to predict upper respiratory infections (URI), lower respiratory infections (LRI), and gastrointestinal tract infections (GI) in independently living older persons would greatly benefit population and individual health. Social network parameters have so far not been included in prediction models. Data were obtained from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study (N = 3074, mean age (±s.d.) 59.8 ± 8.3, 48.8% women). We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to develop prediction models for self-reported symptomatic URI, LRI, and GI (past 2 months). We determined performance of the models by quantifying measures of discriminative ability and calibration. Overall, 953 individuals (31.0%) reported URI, 349 (11.4%) LRI, and 380 (12.4%) GI. The area under the curve was 64.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 62.6–66.8%) for URI, 71.1% (95% CI 68.4–73.8) for LRI, and 64.2% (95% CI 61.3–67.1%) for GI. All models had good calibration (based on visual inspection of calibration plot, and Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test). Social network parameters were strong predictors for URI, LRI, and GI. Using social network parameters in prediction models for URI, LRI, and GI seems highly promising. Such parameters may be used as potential determinants that can be addressed in a practical intervention in older persons, or in a predictive tool to compute an individual's probability of infections.
London, Lucknow and the Global Indian City c. 1857–1920
Authors: PERKINS C. RYAN 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWhen Abdul Halim Sharar (1860-1926) set sail for England to ensure the Eton College-bound son of Viqar-ul Omrah (Prime Minister of the Nizam of Hyderabad, 1894–1901) received an Indo-Islamic education, it was Sharar's first foray outside of India. Like many previous Indian travelers he found his experiences to be eye opening. Inspired by his sojourns in England, Italy, France, and Spain, he serially published his travelogues upon his return to India in 1896. Providing examples of the failures and successes of industrialization, such accounts were evocative in their detail. They provided middle class Indians with global and historical perspectives of the changes brought by colonialism, industrialization, and urbanization in European and Indian cities. Drawing from Sharar's and other travelers’ accounts of the period, this essay examines the use of literature to humanize Lucknow's urban landscape, not only to transform the city, but also the relationship between the city and its inhabitants into one of sympathy and affection.
Microbial megacities fueled by methane oxidation in a mineral spring cave
Authors: Karwautz Clemens , Kus Günter , Stöckl Michael , Neu Thomas R , Lueders Tillmann 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Massive biofilms have been discovered in the cave of an iodine-rich former medicinal spring in southern Germany. The biofilms completely cover the walls and ceilings of the cave, giving rise to speculations about their metabolism. Here we report on first insights into the structure and function of the biofilm microbiota, combining geochemical, imaging and molecular analytics. Stable isotope analysis indicated that thermogenic methane emerging into the cave served as an important driver of biofilm formation. The undisturbed cavern atmosphere contained up to 3000 p.p.m. methane and was microoxic. A high abundance and diversity of aerobic methanotrophs primarily within the Methylococcales (Gammaproteobacteria) and methylotrophic Methylophilaceae (Betaproteobacteria) were found in the biofilms, along with a surprising diversity of associated heterotrophic bacteria. The highest methane oxidation potentials were measured for submerged biofilms on the cavern wall. Highly organized globular structures of the biofilm matrix were revealed by fluorescent lectin staining. We propose that the extracellular matrix served not only as an electron sink for nutrient-limited biofilm methylotrophs but potentially also as a diffusive barrier against volatilized iodine species. Possible links between carbon and iodine cycling in this peculiar habitat are discussed.
Imaging the polymerization of multivalent nanoparticles in solution
Authors: Kim Juyeong , Ou Zihao , Jones Matthew R. , Song Xiaohui , Chen Qian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNumerous mechanisms have been studied for chemical reactions to provide quantitative predictions on how atoms spatially arrange into molecules. In nanoscale colloidal systems, however, less is known about the physical rules governing their spatial organization, i.e., self-assembly, into functional materials. Here, we monitor real-time self-assembly dynamics at the single nanoparticle level, which reveal marked similarities to foundational principles of polymerization. Specifically, using the prototypical system of gold triangular nanoprisms, we show that colloidal self-assembly is analogous to polymerization in three aspects: ensemble growth statistics following models for step-growth polymerization, with nanoparticles as linkable “monomers”; bond angles determined by directional internanoparticle interactions; and product topology determined by the valency of monomeric units. Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy imaging and theoretical modeling elucidate the nanometer-scale mechanisms for these polymer-like phenomena in nanoparticle systems. The results establish a quantitative conceptual framework for self-assembly dynamics that can aid in designing future nanoparticle-based materials.
ORP5 and ORP8 bind phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-biphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P
2) and regulate its level at the plasma membrane
Authors: Ghai Rajesh , Du Ximing , Wang Huan , Dong Jiangqing , Ferguson Charles , Brown Andrew J. , Parton Robert G. , Wu Jia-Wei , Yang Hongyuan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractORP5 and ORP8, members of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related proteins (ORP) family, are endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins implicated in lipid trafficking. ORP5 and ORP8 are reported to localize to endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane junctions via binding to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P), and act as a PtdIns(4)P/phosphatidylserine counter exchanger between the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. Here we provide evidence that the pleckstrin homology domain of ORP5/8 via PtdIns(4,5)P2, and not PtdIns(4)P binding mediates the recruitment of ORP5/8 to endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane contact sites. The OSBP-related domain of ORP8 can extract and transport multiple phosphoinositides in vitro, and knocking down both ORP5 and ORP8 in cells increases the plasma membrane level of PtdIns(4,5)P2 with little effect on PtdIns(4)P. Overall, our data show, for the first time, that phosphoinositides other than PtdIns(4)P can also serve as co-exchangers for the transport of cargo lipids by ORPs.
Anomalous metallic behaviour in the doped spin liquid candidate κ-(ET)4Hg2.89Br8
Authors: Oike Hiroshi , Suzuki Yuji , Taniguchi Hiromi , Seki Yasuhide , Miyagawa Kazuya , Kanoda Kazushi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractQuantum spin liquids are exotic Mott insulators that carry extraordinary spin excitations. Therefore, when doped, they are expected to afford metallic states with unconventional magnetic excitations. Here, we report experimental results which are suggestive of a doped spin liquid with anomalous metallicity in a triangular-lattice organic conductor. The spin susceptibility is nearly perfectly scaled to that of a non-doped spin liquid insulator in spite of the metallic state. Furthermore, the charge transport that is confined in the layer at high temperatures becomes sharply deconfined on cooling, coinciding with the rapid growth of spin correlations or coherence as signified by a steep decrease in spin susceptibility. The present results substantiate the desired doped spin liquid and suggest a strange metal, in which the coherence of the underlying spin liquid promotes the deconfinement of charge from the layers while preserving the non-Fermi-liquid nature.
Transcriptomes and neurotransmitter profiles of classes of gustatory and somatosensory neurons in the geniculate ganglion
Authors: Dvoryanchikov Gennady , Hernandez Damian , Roebber Jennifer K. , Hill David L. , Roper Stephen D. , Chaudhari Nirupa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTaste buds are innervated by neurons whose cell bodies reside in cranial sensory ganglia. Studies on the functional properties and connectivity of these neurons are hindered by the lack of markers to define their molecular identities and classes. The mouse geniculate ganglion contains chemosensory neurons innervating lingual and palatal taste buds and somatosensory neurons innervating the pinna. Here, we report single cell RNA sequencing of geniculate ganglion neurons. Using unbiased transcriptome analyses, we show a pronounced separation between two major clusters which, by anterograde labeling, correspond to gustatory and somatosensory neurons. Among the gustatory neurons, three subclusters are present, each with its own complement of transcription factors and neurotransmitter response profiles. The smallest subcluster expresses both gustatory- and mechanosensory-related genes, suggesting a novel type of sensory neuron. We identify several markers to help dissect the functional distinctions among gustatory neurons and address questions regarding target interactions and taste coding.
Pharmacological use of a novel scaffold, anomeric N,N-diarylamino tetrahydropyran: molecular similarity search, chemocentric target profiling, and experimental evidence
Authors: Venkanna Arramshetti , Kwon Oh Wook , Afzal Sualiha , Jang Cheongyun , Cho Kyo Hee , Yadav Dharmendra K. , Kim Kang , Park Hyeung-geun , Chun Kwang-Hoon , Kim Sun Yeou , Kim Mi-hyun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRational drug design against a determined target (disease, pathway, or protein) is the main strategy in drug discovery. However, regardless of the main strategy, chemists really wonder how to maximize the utility of their new compounds by drug repositioning them as clinical drug candidates in drug discovery. In this study, we started our drug discovery “from curiosity in the chemical structure of a drug scaffold itself” rather than “for a specific target”. As a new drug scaffold, anomeric diarylamino cyclic aminal scaffold 1, was designed by combining two known drug scaffolds (diphenylamine and the most popular cyclic ether, tetrahydropyran/tetrahydrofuran) and synthesized through conventional Brønsted acid catalysis and metal-free α-C(sp3)–H functionalized oxidative cyclization. To identify the utility of the new scaffold 1, it was investigated through 2D and 3D similarity screening and chemocentric target prediction. The predicted proteins were investigated by an experimental assay. The scaffold 1 was reported to have an antineuroinflammatory agent to reduce NO production, and compound 10 concentration-dependently regulated the expression level of IL-6, PGE-2, TNF-α, ER-β, VDR, CTSD, and iNOS, thus exhibiting neuroprotective activity.
Lead-free Single-molecule Switching Material with Electric, Optical, Thermal Triple Controllable Multifunction Based on Perovskite-like Crystal and Flexible Thin Film
Authors: Chen Cheng , Zhang Wan-Ying , Ye Qiong , Fu Da-Wei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWith the flourishing development of star molecule (CH3NH3)PbI3, organic-inorganic perovskites with multifunction and flexibility have become a worldwide focus. However, the controllable photoelectric switchable material (especially electric, optical, thermal multifunctional switches) still face great challenges, and most of them are ceramic and toxic lead-based series. Herein a lead-free perovskite-like crystal and flexible thin film, ImMC (ImMC = (HIm)6∙[MnCl4∙MnCl6]) (1), with many advantages over inorganic ceramics and lead-based perovskites, performs ideal optical and dielectric duple switching properties simultaneously. The order-disordered HIm (Im = imidazole) cations of α-type occupy two lattice sites corresponding to “Switch-ON/0” and “Switch-OFF/1” states, respectively. Interestingly, the optical and dielectric “ON/OFF or 0/1” switches can be integrated into one single-molecule single/duple channel module with high signal-noise ratio, in which the “ON/OFF” response can be precisely controlled by temperature or/and light wavelength signal to realize automatically multiple switching. In brief, the lead-free multifunctional switch opens up a brand new route and shows the mark of its real genius as a highly desirable material for its advanced applications in highly integrated circuit and ultrahigh-encrypted storage in flexible photoelectric devices.
Bioelectronic measurement and feedback control of molecules in living cells
Authors: Banerjee Areen , Weaver Isaac , Thorsen Todd , Sarpeshkar Rahul 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe describe an electrochemical measurement technique that enables bioelectronic measurements of reporter proteins in living cells as an alternative to traditional optical fluorescence. Using electronically programmable microfluidics, the measurement is in turn used to control the concentration of an inducer input that regulates production of the protein from a genetic promoter. The resulting bioelectronic and microfluidic negative-feedback loop then serves to regulate the concentration of the protein in the cell. We show measurements wherein a user-programmable set-point precisely alters the protein concentration in the cell with feedback-loop parameters affecting the dynamics of the closed-loop response in a predictable fashion. Our work does not require expensive optical fluorescence measurement techniques that are prone to toxicity in chronic settings, sophisticated time-lapse microscopy, or bulky/expensive chemo-stat instrumentation for dynamic measurement and control of biomolecules in cells. Therefore, it may be useful in creating a: cheap, portable, chronic, dynamic, and precise all-electronic alternative for measurement and control of molecules in living cells.