bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-mining modeling for the prediction of wear on forming-taps in the threading of steel components
Authors: Bustillo Andres , López de Lacalle Luis N. , Fernández-Valdivielso Asier , Santos Pedro 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn experimental approach is presented for the measurement of wear that is common in the threading of cold-forged steel. In this work, the first objective is to measure wear on various types of roll taps manufactured to tapping holes in microalloyed HR45 steel. Different geometries and levels of wear are tested and measured. Taking their geometry as the critical factor, the types of forming tap with the least wear and the best performance are identified. Abrasive wear was observed on the forming lobes. A higher number of lobes in the chamber zone and around the nominal diameter meant a more uniform load distribution and a more gradual forming process. A second objective is to identify the most accurate data-mining technique for the prediction of form-tap wear. Different data-mining techniques are tested to select the most accurate one: from standard versions such as Multilayer Perceptrons, Support Vector Machines and Regression Trees to the most recent ones such as Rotation Forest ensembles and Iterated Bagging ensembles. The best results were obtained with ensembles of Rotation Forest with unpruned Regression Trees as base regressors that reduced the RMS error of the best-tested baseline technique for the lower length output by 33%, and Additive Regression with unpruned M5P as base regressors that reduced the RMS errors of the linear fit for the upper and total lengths by 25% and 39%, respectively. However, the lower length was statistically more difficult to model in Additive Regression than in Rotation Forest. Rotation Forest with unpruned Regression Trees as base regressors therefore appeared to be the most suitable regressor for the modeling of this industrial problem.Highlights Analysis of the shape and geometry of the best roll taps for cold forged Steel, concluding useful features. Study of influence of metal forming in the close area to thread made by roll tapping. Careful study of worn areas on forming edges. A new study about a not very well-known threading process. A data mining approach for the best modelling of experimental results.
Geometric and mechanical properties evaluation of scaffolds for bone tissue applications designing by a reaction-diffusion models and manufactured with a material jetting system
Authors: Velasco Marco A. , Lancheros Yadira , Garzón-Alvarado Diego A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractScaffolds are essential in bone tissue engineering, as they provide support to cells and growth factors necessary to regenerate tissue. In addition, they meet the mechanical function of the bone while it regenerates. Currently, the multiple methods for designing and manufacturing scaffolds are based on regular structures from a unit cell that repeats in a given domain. However, these methods do not resemble the actual structure of the trabecular bone which may work against osseous tissue regeneration. To explore the design of porous structures with similar mechanical properties to native bone, a geometric generation scheme from a reaction-diffusion model and its manufacturing via a material jetting system is proposed. This article presents the methodology used, the geometric characteristics and the modulus of elasticity of the scaffolds designed and manufactured. The method proposed shows its potential to generate structures that allow to control the basic scaffold properties for bone tissue engineering such as the width of the channels and porosity. The mechanical properties of our scaffolds are similar to trabecular tissue present in vertebrae and tibia bones. Tests on the manufactured scaffolds show that it is necessary to consider the orientation of the object relative to the printing system because the channel geometry, mechanical properties and roughness are heavily influenced by the position of the surface analyzed with respect to the printing axis. A possible line for future work may be the establishment of a set of guidelines to consider the effects of manufacturing processes in designing stages.Highlights We model scaffolds structures for bone tissue engineering using a reaction-diffusion system. Geometrical properties such as channel width can be adjusted using this methodology. Mechanical and geometrical features of parts made using a material jetting system are described.
Long-term results of ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) for management of anal fistula
Authors: Anaraki Fakhrosadat , Bagherzade Gholamreza , Behboo Roubik , Etemad Omid 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background Ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract technique is a new sphincter saving method with good results in management of anal fistula, but few studies report long-term follow-up data.
Material and methods This study investigated the use of ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract as a sphincter saving method based on long term results. This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data. The study was conducted at two tertiary care university medical centers. 36 patients with complex fistula from January 2010 to January 2014 treated with classic ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract were retrospectively followed. Demographic data, previous repair attempts, the type of the fistula and score of fecal continence were collected. The procedure was performed by colorectal surgeons. Primary healing rate, failures and fecal incontinence score of patients were followed for 6–48 months.
Results A total of 36 patients underwent ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract during 24 months. The mean age of the patients was 35 years and 50% had two previous attempts at surgery. A total of 25 patients (69/5%) had high transsphincteric fistula. The mean follow up was 27 months. Successful fistula closure was achieved in 63/8% of the patients (23 of 36). The mean time of recurrence was 4.5 weeks. Only one (2/77%) patient reported gas incontinence (score: 3) after the procedure.
Conclusion The recurrence rate and fecal incontinence were measured. The ligation of intersphincteric fistula is a promising sphincter-preserving procedure that is simple and safe. Our study demonstrates favorable long-term results of ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract for management of complex anal fistulas.
Rectal cancer survival in a Brazilian Cancer Reference Unit
Authors: Corrêa Romualdo da Silva , Pinto Junior Francisco Edílson Leite , Santos Lucas Vinícius Silva dos , Góis Mariana Carlos de , Silva Rumenick Pereira da , Silva Hylarina Montenegro Diniz 
Published: July 2016

AbstractColorectal cancer is one of the most common malign tumors in men and women all over the world. In spite of prevention advances in the last few years, worldwide incidence remains significant, about one million per year.
Objectives Evaluate rectal cancer survival in patients diagnosed and surgically treated at the Cancer Reference Unit at Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil.
Methods Observational retrospective study composed by 135 patients assisted from 2007 to 2014 at Doctor Luiz Antonio Hospital, Natal, Brazil. Data were collected from the patient records revision and survival rates were calculated and analyzed by non-parametric Kaplan–Meier and Wilcoxon tests, respectively. All patients were submitted to surgical treatment, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.
Results Overall survival was 62% in seven years, while disease-free survival in one, three and five years was 91.7%, 75.5% and 72.1%, respectively.
Conclusion Overall survival and disease-free survival remained enhanced until the end of the study, suggesting that the treatment protocols used in the institution have shown to be effective.
Functional outcome and quality of life following treatment for rectal cancer
Authors: Campelo Pedro , Barbosa Elisabete 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroduction Over the last decades, treatment for rectal cancer has substantially improved with development of new surgical options and treatment modalities. With the improvement of survival, functional outcome and quality of life are getting more attention.Study objective To provide an overview of current modalities in rectal cancer treatment, with particular emphasis on functional outcomes and quality of life.Results Functional outcomes after rectal cancer treatment are influenced by patient and tumor characteristics, surgical technique, the use of preoperative radiotherapy and the method and level of anastomosis. Sphincter preserving surgery for low rectal cancer often results in poor functional outcomes that impair quality of life, referred to as low anterior resection syndrome. Abdominoperineal resection imposes the need for a permanent stoma but avoids the risk of this syndrome. Contrary to general belief, long-term quality of life in patients with a permanent stoma is similar to those after sphincter preserving surgery for low rectal cancer.Conclusion All patients should be informed about the risks of treatment modalities. Decision on rectal cancer treatment should be individualized since not all patients may benefit from a sphincter preserving surgery “at any price”. Non-resection treatment should be the future focus to avoid the need of a permanent stoma and bowel dysfunction.
Identification and management of right ventricular perforation using pacemaker and cardioverter‐defibrillator leads: A case series and mini review
Authors: Akbarzadeh Mohammad Ali , Mollazadeh Reza , Sefidbakht Salma , Shahrzad Soraya , Bahrololoumi Bafruee Negar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRight ventricular perforation is a rare but serious complication of permanent pacemaker and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator implantation, with a reported prevalence rate of 0.1–6%. Generally, there is a high incidence of asymptomatic lead perforation with otherwise normal function. Some patients present with a stabbing chest pain and shortness of breath or pacemaker malfunction. However, in some cases, tamponade or adjacent tissue injury may be seen. The exact risk factors for lead perforation are not yet clear. Furthermore, there are many controversies in the management of lead perforation. Extraction of an asymptomatic, incidentally detected, chronically perforating lead does not seem to be necessary. Patients with symptoms or device malfunction will require treatment appropriate for their problem.
Natural disasters, the economy and population vulnerability as a vicious cycle with exogenous hazards
Authors: Sodhi ManMohan S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOne way to understand the growing impact of disasters is as the output of a positive feedback, or reinforcing, loop. This paper hypothesizes that population vulnerability of a country transforms exogenous hazards to disaster impact for that country, which negatively impacts its economy as measured by per capita income and its growth. This impact in turn increases the vulnerability of the country's population thus creating a reinforcing loop. Therefore, like the output of any positive feedback loop, disaster impact would grow exponentially. Having analysed data over 50 years (1963–2012) and 179 countries, we find the results to be consistent with this conceptual model. We also find that disaster impact worldwide has indeed grown exponentially over this period even after normalizing for the growing global population and global income. These findings indicate the existence of a feedback loop that requires strategic rethinking about disaster management and development jointly to break this vicious cycle.
First‐line Helicobacter pylori eradication among patients with chronic liver diseases in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐En , Liang Chih‐Ming , Lee Chen‐Hsiang , Kuo Yuan‐Hung , Wu Keng‐Liang , Chiu Yi‐Chun , Tai Wei‐Chen , Chuah Seng‐Kee 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHelicobacter pylori eradication in patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs) and liver cirrhosis is seldom reported. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of 7‐day standard triple therapy in patients with CLD including cirrhosis and to investigate the clinical factors influencing the success of eradication. A total of 592 H. pylori‐infected patients, who received 7‐day standard first‐line triple therapy between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014, were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups: CLD group (N = 136) and non‐CLD group (N = 456). The eradication rates attained by the CLD and non‐CLD groups were 86.0% and 84.2%, respectively, in the per‐protocol analysis (p = 0.606). The eradication rates of liver cirrhosis and noncirrhosis CLD were 88.5% and 84.3%, respectively (p = 0.783). The adverse events were similar between the two groups (8.8% vs. 9.2%, p = 0.891). Compliance between the two groups was good (99.3% vs. 99.6%, p = 0.670). The univariate analysis showed male sex to be the significant clinical factor in the non‐CLD group (p = 0.001) and alcohol consumption to be the significant clinical factor influencing H. pylori eradication rate in patients with CLD (p = 0.022). Alcohol consumption was the only significant factor influencing H. pylori eradication in multivariate analysis (odds ratio = 3.786, p = 0.031). The results of this study suggest that H. pylori eradication rates in patients with CLD may be comparable with non‐CLD patients. Alcohol consumption was the significant factor influencing H. pylori eradication in patients with CLD.
A validated microRNA profile with predictive potential in glioblastoma patients treated with bevacizumab
Authors: Hayes Josie , Thygesen Helene , Gregory Walter , Westhead David R. , French Pim J. , Van Den Bent Martin J. , Lawler Sean E. , Short Susan C. 
Published: July 2016

PurposeWe investigated whether microRNA expression data from glioblastoma could be used to produce a profile that defines a bevacizumab responsive group of patients.Patients and methodsTCGA microRNA expression data from tumors resected at first diagnosis of glioblastoma in patients treated with bevacizumab at any time during the course of their disease were randomly separated into training (n = 50) and test (n = 37) groups for model generation. MicroRNA‐seq data for 51 patients whose treatment included bevacizumab in the BELOB trial were used as an independent validation cohort.ResultsUsing penalized regression we identified 8 microRNAs as potential predictors of overall survival in the training set. We dichotomized the response score based on the most prognostic minimum of a density plot of the response scores (log‐rank HR = 0.16, p = 1.2e−5) and validated the profile in the test cohort (one‐sided log‐rank HR = 0.34, p = 0.026). Analysis of the profile using all samples in the TCGA glioblastoma dataset, regardless of treatment received, (n = 473) showed that the prediction of patient benefit was not significant (HR = 0.84, p = 0.083) suggesting the profile is specific to bevacizumab. Further independent validation of our microRNA profile in RNA‐seq data from patients treated with bevacizumab (alone or in combination with CCNU) at glioblastoma recurrence in the BELOB trial confirmed that our microRNA profile predicted patient benefit from bevacizumab (HR = 0.59, p = 0.043).ConclusionWe have identified and validated an 8‐microRNA profile that predicts overall survival in patients with glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab. This may be useful for identifying patients who are likely to benefit from this agent.
Take-all or nothing
Authors: Hernández-Restrepo M. , Groenewald J.Z. , Elliott M.L. , Canning G. , McMillan V.E. , Crous P.W. 
Published: July 2016

Take-all disease ofPoaceaeis caused byGaeumannomyces graminis(Magnaporthaceae). Four varieties are recognised inG. graminisbased on ascospore size, hyphopodial morphology and host preference. The aim of the present study was to clarify boundaries among species and varieties inGaeumannomycesby combining morphology and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses based on partial gene sequences of ITS, LSU,tef1andrpb1. Two new genera,FalciphoriellaandGaeumannomycellawere subsequently introduced inMagnaporthaceae. The resulting phylogeny revealed several cryptic species previously overlooked withinGaeumannomyces. Isolates ofGaeumannomyceswere distributed in four main clades, from which 19 species could be delimited, 12 of which were new to science. Our results show that the former varietiesGaeumannomyces graminisvar.avenaeandGaeumannomyces graminisvar.triticirepresent species phylogenetically distinct fromG. graminis, for which the new combinationsG. avenaeandG. triticiare introduced. Based on molecular data, morphology and host preferences,Gaeumannomyces graminisvar.maydisis proposed as a synonym ofG. radicicola. Furthermore, an epitype forGaeumannomyces graminisvar.avenaewas designated to help stabilise the application of that name.
Phosphotyrosine-mediated LAT assembly on membranes drives kinetic bifurcation in recruitment dynamics of the Ras activator SOS
Authors: Huang William Y. C. , Yan Qingrong , Lin Wan-Chen , Chung Jean K. , Hansen Scott D. , Christensen Sune M. , Tu Hsiung-Lin , Kuriyan John , Groves Jay T. 
Published: July 2016

SignificanceThe assembly of receptors and downstream signaling molecules into extended networks is a commonly observed phenomenon in signal transduction. However, little is known about how such assemblies physically modulate signal propagation. Here, based on single-molecule kinetics studies, we report that phosphotyrosine-mediated assembly of adaptor protein LAT networks yields two distinct kinetic species of the Ras activator SOS. This system regulates the transmission of signal from activated T-cell receptor to Ras. We propose and evaluate how the emergence of a long-dwelling SOS species may serve as a kinetic proofreading mechanism to discriminate stochastic noise from genuinely activated receptors.
Post-start-up overlap and disattentiveness in talk in a Garrwa Community
Authors: Gardner Rod , Mushin Ilana 
Published: July 2016

Overlap in conversation is a well-established area of conversation analysis research (e.g. Jefferson 1983; Schegloff 2000) which can reveal how participants orient to transition relevance places. This paper presents an analysis of overlap in the mixed (Garrwa, Kriol and English) language conversations of two indigenous Australian women as part of a larger study of turn-taking practices in indigenous conversations. Walsh (Walsh 1995) made some observations about Aboriginal conversational style, for example that they may enter a conversation without attending to the talk of others. His observational claims are empirically examined here in the context of our data.We find that the overlapping talk in our data follows many patterns similar to English speakers’ talk, including transition space overlap (cf. Jefferson 1983) and simultaneous starts. The most important difference we found was overlap onset occurring shortly after the closure of the transition space, reflecting disattendance by speakers to the content, but not the timing, of each other’s talk. Overall, however, we find that the turn-taking of these two women is overwhelmingly orderly, and deviations from orderliness can mostly be accounted for by their orientation to points of possible completion and rules of turn-taking as described by Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson (1974).
What happens to international students’ english after one semester at university?
Authors: Storch Neomy , Hill Kathryn 
Published: July 2016

There is a common expectation, particularly amongst international students, that studying in an English-medium university should automatically produce a significant improvement in their English language skills. However, there is growing evidence to suggest that this is not necessarily the case.This paper reports on a study which investigated the impact of one semester of study at a university on the English language proficiency of a sample of 40 international students. This was measured by comparing the students’ scores on a diagnostic English language test at the beginning and end of their first semester. A comparison of discourse measures of writing in terms of fluency, complexity and accuracy was also undertaken. Background information, including details of ESL support, if any, was collected for all participants via questionnaires, and interviews were conducted with a subset of the participants.It was found that studying in an English-medium university generally led to an improvement in English language proficiency. The paper identifies a number of factors which appear to support language development, as well as factors that may inhibit it.
Index Insurance Quality and Basis Risk: Evidence from Northern Kenya
Authors: Jensen Nathaniel D. , Barrett Christopher B. , Mude Andrew G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe number of index insurance pilots in developing countries has grown tremendously in recent years, but there has been little progress in our understanding of the quality of those products. Basis risk, or remaining uninsured risk, is a widely recognized but rarely measured feature of index insurance product quality. This article uses eight semi‐annual seasons of longitudinal household data to examine the distribution of basis risk associated with an index‐based livestock insurance (IBLI) product in northern Kenya. We find that IBLI coverage reduces exposure to covariate risk due to large shocks and mitigates downside risk substantially for many households, even at commercial premium rates. But index insurance is no magic bullet; insured households continue to face considerable basis risk. Examining the components of basis risk, we find that IBLI reduces exposure to covariate risk due to high loss events by an average of 63%. The benefits of reduced covariate risk exposure are relatively small, however, due to high exposure to seemingly mostly random idiosyncratic risk, even in this population often thought to suffer largely from covariate shocks. The result is that IBLI policyholders are left with an average of 69% of their original risk due to high loss events. This research underscores the need for caution when promoting index insurance as a risk mitigation tool, as well as the importance of product quality evaluation.
CXCL12 mediates glioblastoma resistance to radiotherapy in the subventricular zone
Authors: Goffart Nicolas , Lombard Arnaud , Lallemand François , Kroonen Jérôme , Nassen Jessica , Di Valentin Emmanuel , Berendsen Sharon , Dedobbeleer Matthias , Willems Estelle , Robe Pierre , Bours Vincent , Martin Didier , Martinive Philippe , Maquet Pierre , Rogister Bernard 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background.
Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have an overall median survival of 15 months despite multimodal therapy. These catastrophic survival rates are to be correlated to systematic relapses that might arise from remaining glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) left behind after surgery. In this line, it has recently been demonstrated that GSCs are able to escape the tumor mass and preferentially colonize the adult subventricular zone (SVZ). At a distance from the initial tumor site, these GSCs might therefore represent a high-quality model of clinical resilience to therapy and cancer relapses as they specifically retain tumor-initiating abilities.

Method.
While relying on recent findings that have validated the existence of GSCs in the human SVZ, we questioned the role of the SVZ niche as a potential GSC reservoir involved in therapeutic failure.

Results.
Our results demonstrate that (i) GSCs located in the SVZ are specifically resistant to radiation in vivo, (ii) these cells display enhanced mesenchymal roots that are known to be associated with cancer radioresistance, (iii) these mesenchymal traits are specifically upregulated by CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor-1) both in vitro and in the SVZ environment, (iv) the amount of SVZ-released CXCL12 mediates GBM resistance to radiation in vitro, and (v) interferes with the CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling system, allowing weakening of the tumor mesenchymal roots and radiosensitizing SVZ-nested GBM cells.

Conclusion.
Together, these data provide evidence on how the adult SVZ environment, through the release of CXCL12, supports GBM therapeutic failure and potential tumor relapse.