bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey among Middle and Secondary School Students about their Attitudes toward Esthetics and Perception of the Desired Treatment to Improve Dental Appearance: A Crosssectional Study
Authors: Sedky Nabila Ahmed 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To assess disparities in attitudes concerning importance of dental appearance in middle and secondary school students, to evaluate students’ satisfaction with their current dental esthetic and to determine preferred dental treatment to improve appearance.

Materials and Methods
Eighteen self-administered anonymous questionnaire was randomly administered to 2250 middle and secondary school students in Buraidah city, Qassim Province, with a response rate of 100%. All statistical analyses were carried out at p < 0.05 and 0.01.

Results
The majority of secondary school students registered higher responses to the four statements asking about importance of dental appearance. Dissatisfaction with oral condition and general appearance of teeth was reported by 39.47% of total number of participants. Older students registering higher levels of dissatisfaction (50.42%) with a significant difference between both groups (p < 0.01). Dissatisfaction with dental appearance was mainly related to teeth color, poor alignment/ crowding of teeth, anterior teeth protrusion, caries, fractures and non-esthetic fillings. Teeth whitening, orthodontic treatment, and esthetic fillings represented the high majority of treatments perceived more by secondary school students, while dental crowns were more demanding by middle school students. A strong correlation was found between level of education and satisfaction with oral condition, the reasons for dissatisfaction with general appearance and perception of desired treatment to improve dental appearance.

Conclusion
Older students were more concerned about the significance of dental appearance. Secondary school students were more dissatisfied with their dental appearance. Displeasure with tooth color was correlated with increased desire for tooth whitening. Dental crowns were more required by younger students.

How to cite this article
Sedky NA. Survey among Middle and Secondary School Students about their Attitudes toward Esthetics and Perception of the Desired Treatment to Improve Dental Appearance: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(3):136-143.
Densitometric Evaluation of Different Pulp Capping Materials using the Prodigy DXA System
Authors: Poggio Claudio , Beltrami Riccardo , Bernardinelli Luisa , Perna Simone , Rondanelli Mariangela , Guido Davide 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
The dependence of dental diagnosis on radiographs makes it important for all materials used in the oral cavity to be radiopaque: they can thus be identified and distinguished from dental structures. The objective of the present study was to compare the radiopacity of different pulp capping materials using an experimental densitometric evaluation (Prodigy DXA system).

Materials and Methods
Thirty specimens were prepared for each material following manufacturers’ instructions. Dentin slices were obtained from freshly extracted premolar teeth. All materials were scanned on a GE healthcare lunar Prodigy and iDXA in routine clinical manner. The assessment of normality was developed by the Shapiro-Wilk test; the Kruskal-Wallis test, and its multiple comparisons, was applied to compare the materials.

Results
Results with p < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Major differences were registered between the materials and the dentinal tissue.

Conclusion
Materials containing bismuth oxide showed high densitometric values when compared with resin-based materials and with materials containing zirconium oxide and zinc oxide.

How to cite this article
Beltrami R, Bernardinelli L, Perna S, Rondanelli M, Guido D, Poggio C. Densitometric Evaluation of Different Pulp Capping Materials using the Prodigy DXA System. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(3):144-148.
Utopian Studies, Environmental Literature, and the Legacy of an Idea: Educating Desire in Miguel Abensour and Ursula K. Le Guin
Authors: Nadir Christine 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This article examines the concept of the “education of desire,” which undergirds literary utopian studies’ response to postmodernism’s challenge to the modern utopian impulse. The analysis returns to two classic utopian texts—the work of Miguel Abensour, who coined the term “education of desire,” and Ursula K. Le Guin’s novel about ecological sustainability, “The Dispossessed”—to argue that the education of desire involves a more intimate relationship between desire and domination than literary utopian studies has allowed. This article not only transforms our understanding of a mainstay of utopian studies; it relates this discussion to utopian strains in environmental thought, tracing the tension between the desire for ecological sustainability and the social, political, and economic prescriptions this would entail.
There Is Time for Calculation in Speed Chess, and Calculation Accuracy Increases With Expertise
Authors: Chang Yu-Hsuan A. , Lane David M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
the recognition–action theory of chess skill holds that expertise in chess is due primarily to the ability to recognize familiar patterns of pieces. despite its widespread acclaim, empirical evidence for this theory is indirect. one source of indirect evidence is that there is a high correlation between speed chess and standard chess. Assuming that there is little or no time for calculation in speed chess, this high correlation implies that calculation is not the primary factor in standard chess. two studies were conducted analyzing 100 games of speed chess. in study 1, we examined the distributions of move times, and the key finding was that players often spent considerable time on a few moves. Moreover, stronger players were more likely than weaker players to do so. study 2 examined skill differences in calculation by examining poor moves. the stronger players made proportionally fewer blunders (moves that a 2-ply search would have revealed to be errors). overall, the poor moves made by the weaker players would have required a less extensive search to be revealed as poor moves than the poor moves made by the stronger players. Apparently, the stronger players are searching deeper and more accurately. these results are difficult to reconcile with the view that speed chess does not allow players time to calculate extensively and call into question the assertion that the high correlation between speed chess and standard chess supports recognition–action theory.
Does Number of Perceptions or Cross-Modal Auditory Cueing Influence Audiovisual Processing Speed?
Authors: Altieri Nicholas , Wenger Michael J. , Wallace Mark T. , Stevenson Ryan A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
What factors contribute to redundant target processing speed besides statistical facilitation? one possibility is that multiple percepts may drive these effects. Another, although not mutually exclusive hypothesis, is that cross- channel cueing from one modality to another may influence response times. We implemented an auditory–visual detection task using the sound- induced flash illusion to examine whether one or both of these possibilities contributes to changes in processing speed; we did so by examining the data of individual participants. our results indicated shorter response times in several participants when multiple flashes were perceived in the standard sound- induced flash illusion, thereby replicating previous work in the literature. Additionally, we found evidence for faster responses in several participants when carrying out the same analysis in trials in which 1 beep was presented with 2 real flashes. overall, our analysis indicates that some observers benefit from cross- modal facilitation, whereas others may benefit from a combination of cross- modal facilitation and increased perceptual judgments.
Cómo vivir con EPOC: percepción de los pacientes.
Authors: Muñoz-Cobos Francisca , Acero-Guasch Nieves , Cuenca-del-Moral Rebeca , Barnestein-Fonseca Pilar , Leiva-Fernández Francisca , García-Ruiz Antonio 
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study is to determine the mental model that patients with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease<strong>)</strong>have about their illness analyzed by the Leventhal´s Common Sense of Self-Regulation Model. An exploratory-descriptive study using qualitative methodology was performed. We included COPD-diagnosed patients attending three urban and a rural primary care centres. We used video-taped group interviews and transcribed them using Atlas.Ti 5.2 program. 22 group interviews (2009 - 2011) and 58 patients were included. There were 3 additional sessions to final inform validation. The results show that patients did not have a defined mental model about COPD: this disease was insufficiently recognized; diagnosis was made in exacerbations and it was confused with other diseases; the cause of illness was related to tobacco consumption and to “something else”: fumes, colds and hard work. Patients tended to minimize their symptoms and limitations. Participants had wrong beliefs about colds, smoking only a few cigarettes effects and damage of inhaled treatment. Emotions as despair, resignation and fear were reported. We conclude that COPD patients showed confusion about many aspects of the disease (causes, symptoms, treatments). It was difficult to identify a mental model of the disease among COPD patients. <p> </p>
Comprendre l’hétérogénéité sociale pour faire valoir la diversité1
Authors: Pietrantonio Linda , Bouthillier Geneviève 
Published: January 2016

Alors que le vocable « diversité » gagne en popularité et que l’on dénonce avec lui la « norme mythique » d’un sujet social universel, on observe une confusion et un glissement sémantique entre les termes « diversité » et « hétérogénéité sociale intragroupe ». Les auteures proposent une comparaison différenciée de ces deux syntagmes et de leur valeur heuristique pour penser l’émancipation. Elles présentent une série de propositions analytiques conduisant à la nécessaire distinction entre la nature normative de la notion de diversité et le fait social que constitue l’hétérogénéité intragroupe – pour tout groupe social. Ce faisant, elles se penchent sur la complexité du concept de résistance et rappellent la part ternaire de tout rapport de domination.
Quelle conceptualisation de l’exploitation pour quelle critique intersectionnelle?
Authors: Galerand Elsa 
Published: January 2016

Cet article s’appuie sur une recherche centrée sur les conditions de vie, de travail et de lutte des travailleuses domestiques philippines soumises au Programme canadien d’immigration intitulé « Programme des aides familiaux » (PAF) pour mettre en évidence l’insuffisance des critiques intersectionnelles et conceptions de l’émancipation qui – loin de repartir des acquis du féminisme matérialiste (des redéfinitions extensives du travail et de l’exploitation) – contournent le problème du travail « non libre », soit celui des modes d’exploitation irréductibles au capitalisme. En contrepoint, l’auteure défend l’actualité du féminisme matérialiste, de la théorisation de Colette Guillaumin en particulier, pour l’analyse desformes transitionnelles d’exploitation, telles qu’elles se (re)déploient dans le secteur de la domesticité. L’auteure soutient, finalement, l’hypothèse d’une recomposition du « sexage » qui participe pleinement de la dynamique par laquelle Sexe, Classe, Race se réorganisent aujourd’hui.
Les féminismes au coeur de l’anarchisme contemporain au Québec : des pratiques intersectionnelles sur le terrain1
Authors: Breton Émilie , Jeppesen Sandra , Kruzynski Anna , Sarrasin Rachel 
Published: January 2016

Composés de collectifs, de groupes et de réseaux mobilisés autour d’enjeux de lutte divers, le mouvement antiautoritaire qui s’est consolidé au Québec dans la foulée des mobilisations altermondialistes est guidé par des valeurs qui s’inspirent d’une « boussole éthique » commune. Cette dernière est fondée sur une vision de l’anarchisme en tant que processus qui se réalise par la préfiguration, ici et maintenant, d’une société fondée sur l’autonomie collective. Trois microcohortes de militantes et de militants (pro)féministes ont alimenté le développement de pratiques en ce sens, par la promotion de l’autoorganisation et de l’autodétermination. Les microcohortes des féministes radicales et (pro)féministes, des radical queers et, enfin, des féministes et des (pro)féministes qui s’engagent dans la lutte anticoloniale et antiraciste ont contribué à l’atteinte de cet objectif par l’entremise d’une démarche de pollinisation qui permet la diffusion de ces pratiques dans différents espaces du mouvement et à l’extérieur de celui-ci. L’analyse présentée dans cet article est le fruit d’un travail de recherche-action participative réalisé au sein du Collectif de recherche sur l’autonomie collective (CRAC), groupe d’affinité (pro)féministe et antiautoritaire dont l’objectif était de documenter les initiatives de son propre mouvement.
Étude de validation du programme Funambule : pour une gestion équilibrée du stress des adolescents
Authors: Dumont Michelle , Leclerc Danielle , Massé Line , McKinnon Suzie 
Published: January 2016

C’est dans une optique de prévention primaire de l’influence potentiellement néfaste du stress sur les tâches développementales des adolescents qu’un programme de type universel,Funambule : pour une gestion équilibrée du stress, a été créé puis évalué selon un devis quasi expérimental (Dumont, en collaboration avec Massé, Potvin et Leclerc, 2012). Au total, 138 adolescents québécois âgés de 14 à 19 ans ont été appariés, dans les groupes expérimentaux et témoins, selon le genre et le niveau de stress ressenti (Problèmes dans divers secteurs de vie; Seiffge-Krenke, 2005). Les effets du programme ont été évalués au moyen duQuestionnaire des stratégies de gestion du stress(Dumont, Massé, Leclerc et Potvin, 2007), de l’Inventaire de résolution de problèmes sociaux(Maydeu-Olivares et D’Zurilla, 1996) et de l’Échelle d’anxiété en contexte de performance(Cassady et Johnson, 2002). Comme prévu, des effets bénéfiques ont été observés entre le prétest et le post-test dans le groupe expérimental, ce qui n’a pas été le cas dans le groupe témoin. Les résultats indiquent une amélioration significative de la gestion du stress pour trois des quatre volets de Funambule, à savoir le travail sur la perception du stress, le corps et les pensées. Une amélioration significative de la capacité rationnelle à résoudre des problèmes ainsi qu’une diminution significative de l’anxiété aux évaluations pour les élèves du groupe expérimental ont également été observées.
Stress des enseignants envers l’intégration des élèves présentant des troubles du comportement
Authors: Massé Line , Bégin Jean-Yves , Couture Caroline , Plouffe-Leboeuf Thomas , Beaulieu-Lessard Myriam , Tremblay Jonathan 
Published: January 2016

Si plusieurs études rapportent que les problèmes de comportements constituent une source importante de stress, peu d’entre elles portent sur le stress spécifiquement lié à la présence en classe ordinaire d’élèves présentant des troubles du comportement (PTC). Cet article expose les résultats d’une étude exploratoire sur le stress des enseignants du secondaire à l’égard de l’intégration des élèves PTC dans leurs classes. L’échantillon se compose de 231 enseignants d’écoles secondaires du Québec. Les enseignants ont rempli un questionnaire de renseignements sociodémographiques ainsi que la partie B de l’Index of Teaching Stress (ITS) (Greene, Abidin et Kmetz, 1997). L’impact des élèves sur le processus d’enseignement ainsi que la perte de satisfaction par rapport à l’enseignement constituent les sources les plus importantes de stress. Le stress vécu semble être influencé par les cours reçus sur les troubles du comportement au moment de la formation initiale, par l’expérience relative aux troubles du comportement, par le niveau scolaire où enseignent principalement les enseignants et par le milieu où se situe l’école. Aucune différence n’est observée selon le genre des enseignants ni selon leur niveau de scolarité. Plus de 70 % des enseignants jugent qu’une formation additionnelle sur les troubles du comportement serait absolument nécessaire.
Against Facts
Authors: Betti Arianna 
Published: January 2016

An argument that the major metaphysical theories of facts give us no good reason to accept facts in our catalog of the world.
In this book Arianna Betti argues that we have no good reason to accept facts in our catalog of the world, at least as they are described by the two major metaphysical theories of facts. She claims that neither of these theories is tenable—neither the theory according to which facts are special structured building blocks of reality nor the theory according to which facts are whatever is named by certain expressions of the form “the fact that such and such.” There is reality, and there are entities in reality that we are able to name, but, Betti contends, among these entities there are no facts.
Drawing on metaphysics, the philosophy of language, and linguistics, Betti examines the main arguments in favor of and against facts of the two major sorts, which she distinguishes as compositional and propositional, giving special attention to methodological presuppositions. She criticizes compositional facts (facts as special structured building blocks of reality) and the central argument for them, Armstrong's truthmaker argument. She then criticizes propositional facts (facts as whatever is named in “the fact that” statements) and what she calls the argument from nominal reference, which draws on Quine's criterion of ontological commitment. Betti argues that metaphysicians should stop worrying about facts, and philosophers in general should stop arguing for or against entities on the basis of how we use language.
Correlation between crystallinity and oxygen vacancy formation in In–Ga–Zn oxide
Authors: Hiramatsu Tomoki , Nakashima Motoki , Kikuchi Erumu , Ishihara Noritaka , Tsubuku Masashi , Dairiki Koji , Yamazaki Shunpei 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We study the effect of indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) crystallinity on oxygen vacancies that play an important role in the characteristics of IGZO-based devices. Optical and electrical measurements revealed that deep defect levels due to oxygen vacancies are largely eliminated in c-axis-aligned crystal IGZO (CAAC-IGZO), which has increased crystallinity without clear grain boundaries. In this study, the correlation between crystallinity and oxygen vacancy formation has been examined by first-principles calculations to investigate the effect of oxygen vacancies in IGZO. Furthermore, the likelihood of oxygen vacancy formation at an edge portion of single-crystal IGZO has been verified by observations of oxygen atoms at the edge region of the IGZO film by annular bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ABF-STEM). Experimental and calculation results show that the high crystallinity of IGZO is important for the inhibition of oxygen vacancies.
Comparison of Outside Versus Inside Brachial Plexus Sheath Injection for Ultrasound‐Guided Interscalene Nerve Blocks
Authors: Maga Joni , Missair Andres , Visan Alex , Kaplan Lee , Gutierrez Juan F. , Jain Annika R. , Gebhard Ralf E. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesUltrasound‐guided interscalene brachial plexus blocks are commonly used to provide anesthesia for the shoulder and proximal upper extremity. Some reviews identify a sheath that envelops the brachial plexus as a potential tissue plane target, and current editorials in the literature highlight the need to establish precise and reproducible injection targets under ultrasound guidance. We hypothesize that an injection of a local anesthetic inside the brachial plexus sheath during ultrasound‐guided interscalene nerve blocks will result in enhanced procedure success and provide a consistent tissue plane target for this approach with a reproducible and characteristic local anesthetic spread pattern.MethodsSixty patients scheduled for shoulder surgery with a preoperative interscalene block for postoperative pain management were enrolled in this prospective randomized observer‐blinded study. Each patient was randomly assigned to receive a single‐shot interscalene block either inside or outside the brachial plexus sheath.ResultsThe rate of complete motor and sensory blocks of the axillary nerve territory 10 minutes after local anesthetic injection for the inside group was 70% versus 37% for the outside group (P < .05). At all measurement intervals beyond 10 minutes, however, neither group showed a statistically significant difference in complete sensory blockade. The incidence rates of transient paresthesia during needle passage were 6.7% for the outside group and 96.7% for the inside group (P < .05).ConclusionsExcept for faster onset, this prospective randomized trial did not find any advantages to performing an interscalene block inside the brachial plexus sheath. There was a higher incidence of transient paresthesia when injections were performed inside compared to outside the sheath.
Performance of 2‐Dimensional Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography in Liver Fibrosis Detection Using Magnetic Resonance Elastography as the Reference Standard
Authors: Song Pengfei , Mellema Daniel C. , Sheedy Shannon P. , Meixner Duane D. , Karshen Ryan M. , Urban Matthew W. , Manduca Armando , Sanchez William , Callstrom Matthew R. , Greenleaf James F. , Chen Shigao 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the correlation between 2‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in liver stiffness measurement and the diagnostic performance of 2D SWE for liver fibrosis when imaging from different intercostal spaces and using MRE as the reference standard.MethodsTwo‐dimensional SWE was performed on 47 patients. One patient was excluded from the study. Each of the remaining 46 patients underwent same‐day MRE for clinical purposes. The study was compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and approved by the Institutional Review Board. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. Two‐dimensional SWE measurements were acquired from the ninth, eighth, and seventh intercostal spaces. The correlation with MRE was calculated at each intercostal space and multiple intercostal spaces combined. The performance of 2D SWE in diagnosing liver fibrosis was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using MRE as the standard.ResultsThe 47 patients who initially underwent 2D SWE included 22 female and 25 male patients (age range, 19–77 years). The highest correlation between 2D SWE and MRE was from the eighth and seventh intercostal spaces (r = 0.68–0.76). The ranges of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for separating normal or inflamed livers from fibrotic livers using MRE as the clinical reference were 0.84 to 0.92 when using the eighth and seventh intercostal spaces individually and 0.89 to 0.90 when combined.ConclusionsThe results suggest that 2D SWE and MRE are well correlated when SWE is performed at the eighth and seventh intercostal spaces. The ninth intercostal space is less reliable for diagnosing fibrosis with 2D SWE. Combining measurements from multiple intercostal spaces does not significantly improve the performance of 2D SWE for detection of fibrosis.