bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Critical Parameters for Sand Inclusion Defect in FNB Casting
Authors: Acharya S. G. , Vadher J. A. , Kothari K. D. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Casting covers major area of production all over the world. Resin bonded casting is widely used in today’s manufacturing industries. Furan No bake casting is most widely accepted in indian foundries due to its excellent surface finish and dimensional stability. It is a self-setting binder and it has a lower work and strip times. Though the casting process is also known as process of uncertainty, in the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of Grain Fineness Number, Loss of Ignition, Potential of Hydrogen, % of Resin with respect to sand, Sand Temperature and Compressive strength of the mould on Sand Inclusion defect - one of the most dominating defect in the Krislur Castomech Pvt. Ltd. Industry situated at Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. The experiments were conducted based on response surface methodology (RSM) and sequential approach using face centered central composite design. The results show that quadratic model with removal of some insignificant term is comparatively best fits for Sand Inclusion Defect.
ATD and DSC Analysis of IN-713C and ZhS6U-VI Superalloys
Authors: Binczyk F. , Cwajna J. , Gradoń P. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Paper presents the results of ATD and DSC analysis of two superalloys used in casting of aircraft engine parts. The main aim of the research was to obtain the solidification parameters, especially Tsol and Tliq, knowledge of which is important for proper selection of casting and heat treatment parameters. Assessment of the metallurgical quality (presence of impurities) of the feed ingots is also a very important step in production of castings. It was found that some of the feed ingots delivered by the superalloy producers are contaminated by oxides located in shrinkage defects. The ATD analysis allows for quite precise interpretation of first stages of solidification at which solid phases with low values of latent heat of solidification are formed from the liquid. Using DSC analysis it is possible to measure precisely the heat values accompanying the phase changes during cooling and heating which, with knowledge of phase composition, permits to calculate the enthalpy of formation of specific phases like γ or γ′.
Elasticity of Moulding Sands – a Method of Reducing Core Cracking
Authors: Dobosz St. M. , Grabarczyk A. , Major-Gabryś K. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This paper focuses on mechanical properties of self hardening moulding sands with furfuryl and alkyd binders. Elasticity as a new parameter of moulding sands is investigated. With the use of presented testing equipment, it is possible to determine force kinetics and deformation of moulding sand in real time. The need for this kind of study comes from the modern casting industry. New foundries can be characterized with high intensity of production which is correlated with high level of mechanization and automatization of foundry processes. The increasingly common use of manipulators in production of moulds and cores can lead to generation of new types of flaws, caused by breakage in moulds and cores which could occur during mould assembly. Hence it is required that moulds and cores have high resistance to those kinds of factors, attributing it with the phenomenon of elasticity. The article describes the theoretical basis of this property, presents methods of measuring and continues earlier research.
Effect of Copper on the Crystallization Process, Microstructure and Selected Properties of CGI
Authors: Gumienny G. , Kacprzyk B. , Gawroński J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the research on the effect of copper on the crystallization process, microstructure and selected properties of the compacted graphite iron. Compacted graphite in cast iron was obtained using Inmold process. The study involved the cast iron containing copper at a concentration up to approximately 4%. The effect of copper on the temperature of the eutectic crystallization as well as the temperature of start and finish of the austenite transformation was given. It has been shown that copper increases the maximum temperature of the eutectic transformation approximately by 5°C per 1% Cu, and the temperature of the this transformation finish approximately by 8°C per 1% Cu. This element decreases the temperature of the austenite transformation start approximately by 5°C per 1% Cu, and the finish of this transformation approximately by 6°C per 1% Cu. It was found that in the microstructure of the compacted graphite iron containing about 3.8% Cu, there are still ferrite precipitations near the compacted graphite. The effect of copper on the hardness of cast iron and the pearlite microhardness was given. This stems from the high propensity to direct ferritization of this type of cast iron. It has been shown copper increases the hardness of compacted graphite iron both due to its pearlite forming action as well as because of the increase in the pearlite microhardness (up to approx. 3% Cu). The conducted studies have shown copper increases the hardness of the compacted graphite iron approximately by 35 HB per 1% Cu.
Role of Sand Grains in Sorption Processes by Surface Layers of Components of Sand Moulds
Authors: Kaźnica N. , Zych J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The results of researches of sorption processes of surface layers of components of sand moulds covered by protective coatings are presented in the hereby paper. Investigations comprised various types of sand grains of moulding sands with furan resin: silica sand, reclaimed sand and calcined in temperature of 700°C silica sand. Two kinds of alcoholic protective coatings were used - zirconium and zirconium - graphite. Tests were performed under condition of a constant temperature within the range 30 - 35°C and high relative air humidity 75 - 80%. To analyze the role of sand grains in sorption processes quantitavie moisture sorption with use of gravimetric method and ultrasonic method were used in measurements. The tendency to moisture sorption of surface layers of sand moulds according to the different kinds of sand grains was specified. The effectiveness of protective action of coatings from moisture sorption was analyzed as well.
Knowledge of the role of sand grains from the viewpoint of capacity for moisture sorption is important due to the surface casting defects occurrence. In particular, that are defects of a gaseous origin caused by too high moisture content of moulds, especially in surface layers.
The Influence of Home Scrap on Porosity of MgAl9Zn1 Alloy Pressure Castings
Authors: Konopka Z. , Chojnacki A. , Chojnacki A. , Łągiewka M. , Zyska A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The work presents the results of examinations concerning the influence of various amounts of home scrap additions on the porosity of castings made of MgAl9Zn1 alloy. The fraction of home scrap in the metal charge ranged from 0 to 100%. Castings were pressure cast by means of the hot-chamber pressure die casting machine under the industrial conditions in one of the domestic foundries. Additionally, for the purpose of comparison, the porosity of specimens cut out directly of the MgAl9Zn1 ingot alloy was also determined. The examinations consisted in the qualitative assessment of porosity by means of the optical microscopy and its quantitative determination by the method of weighting specimens in air and in water. It was found during the examination that the porosity of castings decreases with an increase in the home scrap fraction in the metal charge. The qualitative examinations confirmed the beneficial influence of the increased home scrap fraction on the porosity of castings. It was concluded that the reusing of home scrap in a foundry can be a good way of reduction of costs related to the production of pressure castings.
Some Similarities / Differences between Steel Static and Virtual Brass Static Casting
Authors: Kwapisiński P. , Ivanova A. A. , Kania B. , Wołczyński W. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
An innovative method for determining the structural zones in the large static steel ingots has been described. It is based on the mathematical interpretation of some functions obtained due to simulation of temperature field and thermal gradient field for solidifying massive ingot. The method is associated with the extrema of an analyzed function and with its points of inflection. Particularly, the CET transformation is predicted as a time-consuming transition from the columnar- into equiaxed structure. The equations dealing with heat transfer balance for the continuous casting are presented and used for the simulation of temperature field in the solidifying virtual static brass ingot. The developed method for the prediction of structural zones formation is applied to determine these zones in the solidifying brass static ingot. Some differences / similarities between structure formation during solidification of the steel static ingot and virtual brass static ingot are studied. The developed method allows to predict the following structural zones: fine columnar grains zone, (FC), columnar grains zone, (C), equiaxed grains zone, (E). The FCCT-transformation and CET-transformation are forecast as sharp transitions of the analyzed structures. Similarities between steel static ingot morphology and that predicted for the virtual brass static ingot are described.
Microstructural Aspects of Fatigue Parameters of Lead-Free Sn-Zn Solders with Various Zn Content
Authors: Pietrzak K. , Klasik A. , Maj M. , Wojciechowski A. , Sobczak N. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The study includes the results of research conducted on selected lead-free binary solder alloys designed for operation at high temperatures. The results of qualitative and quantitative metallographic examinations of SnZn alloys with various Zn content are presented. The quantitative microstructure analysis was carried out using a combinatorial method based on phase quanta theory, per which any microstructure can be treated as an array of elements disposed in the matrix material. Fatigue tests were also performed using the capabilities of a modified version of the LCF method hereinafter referred to in short as MLCF, which is particularly useful in the estimation of mechanical parameters when there are difficulties in obtaining many samples normally required for the LCF test. The fatigue life of alloys was analyzed in the context of their microstructure. It has been shown that the mechanical properties are improved with the Zn content increasing in the alloy. However, the best properties were obtained in the alloy with a chemical composition close to the eutectic system, when the Zn-rich precipitates showed the most preferred morphological characteristics. At higher content of Zn, a strong structural notch was formed in the alloy because of the formation in the microstructure of a large amount of the needle-like Zn-rich precipitates deteriorating the mechanical characteristics. Thus, the results obtained during previous own studies, which in the field of mechanical testing were based on static tensile test only, have been confirmed. It is interesting to note that during fatigue testing, both significant strengthening and weakening of the examined material can be expected. The results of fatigue tests performed on SnZn alloys have proved that in this case the material was softened.
ThermoCalc Application for the Assessment of Binary Alloys Non-Equilibrium Solidification
Authors: Zyska A. , Konopka Z. , Łągiewka M. , Kordas P. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The paper presents the possibility of application of the developed computer script which allows the assessment of non-equilibrium solidification of binary alloys in the ThermoCalc program. The script makes use of databases and calculation procedures of the POLY-3 module. A solidification model including diffusion in the solid state, developed by Wołczyński, is used to describe the non-equilibrium solidification. The model takes into account the influence of the degree of solute segregation on the solidification process by applying the so-called back-diffusion parameter. The core of the script is the iteration procedure with implemented model equation. The possibility of application of the presented calculation method is illustrated on the example of the Cr-30% Ni alloy. Computer simulations carried out with use of the developed script allow to determine the influence of the back-diffusion parameter on the course of solidification curves, solidus temperature, phase composition of the alloy and the fraction of each phase after the solidification completion, the profile of solute concentration in liquid during solidification process, the average solute concentration in solid phase at the eutectic temperature and many other quantities which are usually calculated in the ThermoCalc program.
Microstructure, SDAS and Mechanical Properties of A356 alloy Castings Made in Sand and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Moulds
Authors: Jinugu B. R. , Inampudi N. M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Investigations were carried out to ensure the granulated blast furnace (GBF) slag as an alternative mould material in foundry industry by assessing the cast products structure property correlations. Sodium silicate-CO2 process was adopted for preparing the moulds. Three types of moulds were made with slag, silica sand individually and combination of these two with 10% sodium silicate and 20 seconds CO2 gassing time. A356 alloy castings were performed on these newly developed slag moulds. The cast products were investigated for its metallography and mechanical properties. Results reveal that cast products with good surface finish and without any defects were produced. Faster heat transfers in slag moulds enabled the cast products with fine and refined grain structured; and also, lower Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing (SDAS) values were observed than sand mould. Slag mould casting shows improved mechanical properties like hardness, compression, tensile and impact strength compared to sand mould castings. Two types of tensile fracture modes, namely cleavage pattern with flat surfaces representing Al−Si eutectic zone and the areas of broken Fe-rich intermetallic compounds which appear as flower-like morphology was observed in sand mould castings. In contrast, GBF slag mould castings exhibit majority in dimple fracture morphology with traces of cleavage fracture. Charpy impact fractured surfaces of sand mould castings shows both transgranular and intergranular fracture modes. Only intergranular fracture mode was noticed in both GBF slag and mixed mould castings.
Rheological Properties of Typical Ceramic Slurries Used in the Lost Wax Technology
Authors: Kolczyk J. , Jamrozowicz Ł. , Kaźnica N. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The results of investigations of the rheological properties of typical ceramic slurries used in the investment casting technology - the lost wax technology are presented in the paper. Flow curves in the wide range of shear velocity were made. Moreover, viscosity of ceramic slurries depending on shearing stresses was specified. Tests were performed under conditions of three different temperatures 25, 30 and 35°C, which are typical and important in the viewpoint of making ceramic slurries in the investment casting technology.
In the light of the performed investigations can be said that the belonging in group of Newtonian or Non - Newtonian fluid is dependent on content of solid phase (addition of aluminum oxide) in the whole composition of liquid ceramic slurries.
Investigation of Modal Behaviour of Resonance Spruce Wood Samples (Picea abies L.)
Authors: Mania Przemysław , Fabisiak Ewa , Skrodzka Ewa 
Published: March 2017

AbstractResults of experimental modal analysis of a resonance and non-resonance spruce wood (Picea abies L.) are presented. The resonance wood came from a tree from Poland and Bosnia and Herzegovina, while the non-resonance wood came from the vicinity of Olsztyn from the north-eastern Poland. The modal parameters (modal frequency, modal damping and mode shapes) of the wood samples were determined for the samples of 8 mm in thickness. Modal analysis was made by pulse excitation. The resonance and non-resonance wood differ in the fundamental modal parameters as well as in the number of potential modes. Additionally, calculated values of damping factor are presented. The values are much bigger for a non-resonance wood than for good quality resonance spruce.
Application of the Acoustic Emission Method for Diagnosis of On-Load Tap Changer
Authors: Majchrzak Henryk , Cichoń Andrzej , Borucki Sebastian 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This paper provides an example of the application of the acoustic emission (AE) method for the diagnosis of technical conditions of a three-phase on-load tap-changer (OLTC) GIII type. The measurements were performed for an amount of 10 items of OLTCs, installed in power transformers with a capacity of 250 MVA. The study was conducted in two different OLTC operating conditions during the tapping process: under load and free running conditions. The analysis of the measurement results was made in both time domain and time-frequency domain. The description of the AE signals generated by the OLTC in the time domain was performed using the analysis of waveforms and determined characteristic times. Within the time-frequency domain the measured signals were described by short-time Fourier transform spectrograms.
Simulation of the effects of forest roads on stormflow generation using GIS and 2D vadose zone hydrological model
Authors: Orfánus Tomáš , Jenčo Marián , Bebej Juraj , Benko Martin 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
There was a destructive flood on Gidra river on June induced by 104-mm rainfall during 3 h on 7 June 2011. The total flood discharge was estimated to be 531,000 m3. The upper part of the Gidra river catchment is forested by more than 95%, but the forest floor has been disrupted to a large extent by intensive logging activities in the basin. Forest road density is up to 10 km/km2 in the catchment. The field inspections in the catchments revealed that approximately 25% of forest roads have been deepened down to the less permeable subsoil directly during their construction or by subsequent traffic and soil erosion. Forest roads affect runoff generation via two mechanisms: (1) generation of infiltration-excess runoff on road surfaces and (2) capturing of hillslope surface and subsurface water by road incisions. Infiltration-excess water runoff from all compacted surfaces was estimated to be about 54,000 m3 by simply multiplying the compacted area by the difference between the precipitation and infiltration. More challenging was to quantify the transformation of hillslope water to the road-surface runoff. We have suggested the methodological approach that combines the GIS analyses of the terrain with mathematical simulations of the subsurface water exfiltration from hillslopes to the road surfaces using HYDRUS 2D model. Simulations based on the variability of slope inclinations and slope lengths within catchment revealed that drainage of the upward hillslopes by forest roads and deeper logging lines increased the forest road runoff by another 6,000-15,000 m3 of water.
Guðbrandur Vigfússon as an editor of Old Norse-Icelandic literature
Authors: Jakubczyk Radosław 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGuðbrandur Vigfússon, an Icelander born in Galtardalur, Dalasýsla, was without doubt one of the most influential scholars of Old Norse studies of his day. His diplomatic edition of Flateyjarbók, his critical edition of Sturlunga saga, and his anthology An Icelandic Prose Reader are still of use to those without access to the relevant manuscripts. In this essay, I would like to survey his career (in Copenhagen and Oxford) as an editor of Old Norse-Icelandic texts and the legacy that he has left to his successors in the field of Old Norse studies.
Attitudes of young Poles and Norwegians towards audiovisual translation in cinema and broadcast media
Authors: Awedyk Witosław 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper is a contribution to the discussion on audiovisual translation (AVT) in cinema and broadcast media on the example of Poland and Norway seen from the perspective of viewers. It aims at establishing possible differences and similarities in the way dominant AVT modes are viewed by younger people in these two countries. In AVT studies Norway has always been classified as a subtitling country while Poland has traditionally been associated with cinema subtitling and television voice-over, of which the latter often baffles AVT scholars. Consequently, one may presume that the audiences in these two countries are likely to have fairly disparate expectations towards AVT modes used in their cinemas and broadcast media. For the purpose of this article a questionnaire has been prepared and the findings arising from the analysis of the submitted replies will be presented here.
Några tankar om nordisk barnlitteratur och dess översättning ur ett polskt perspektiv
Authors: Dymel-Trzebiatowska Hanna 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe article explores two aspects of translations of Nordic children’s literature, which is more and more often defined by its authors as aimed at all readerships with no respect to age (allålderslitteratur). This stance may affect the theory of translation in reference to the category of the implied reader, which will have to be reconsidered. The concept of all-age literature is presented in the article as a solution to long academic discussions about the presence of an adult implied reader of children’s literature. The other perspective shows the presence of Scandinavian picturebooks on the Polish book market which have been published within the latest decade (e.g. by Svein Nyhus, Gro Dahle, Pernilla Stalfelt, Pija Lindenbaum, and Ulf Nilsson). These books are brave, taboo-breaking and translated without purifications, which refutes Elżbieta Zarych’s (2016) observations about the rules and mechanisms which are prevalent, i.e. that translators are still expected to mitigate and omit painful moments. The final part combines two aspects - the above-mentioned translations are free of adaptations, but it is difficult to assess whether the translators have taken into account the postulates of Scandinavian authors and their ambition to create all-age literature. Answers to the questions posed at the end (e.g. if the books are created for all, should they be translated for all?) might complete the translation studies with important and future-oriented insights.