bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey on fuzzy ontologies for the Semantic Web
Authors: Zhang Fu , Cheng Jingwei , Ma Zongmin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOntology, as a standard (World Wide Web Consortium recommendation) for representing knowledge in the Semantic Web, has become a fundamental and critical component for developing applications in different real-world scenarios. However, it is widely pointed out that classical ontology model is not sufficient to deal with imprecise and vague knowledge strongly characterizing some real-world applications. Thus, a requirement of extending ontologies naturally arises in many practical applications of knowledge-based systems, in particular the Semantic Web. In order to provide the necessary means to handle such vague and imprecise information there are today many proposals for fuzzy extensions to ontologies, and until now the literature on fuzzy ontologies has been flourishing. To investigate fuzzy ontologies and more importantly serve as helping readers grasp the main ideas and results of fuzzy ontologies, and to highlight an ongoing research on fuzzy approaches for knowledge semantic representation based on ontologies, as well as their applications on various domains,in this paper,we provide a comprehensive overview of fuzzy ontologies. In detail, wefirstintroduce fuzzy ontologies from the most common aspects such asrepresentation(including categories, formal definitions, representation languages, and tools of fuzzy ontologies),reasoning(including reasoning techniques and reasoners), andapplications(the most relevant applications about fuzzy ontologies). Then,the other important issueson fuzzy ontologies, such asconstruction,mapping,integration,query,storage,evaluation,extension, anddirections for future research, are also discussed in detail. Also, we make somecomparisons and analysesin our whole review.
Klassen allgemeiner Wirkfaktoren der Psychotherapie und ihr Zusammenhang mit Therapietechniken
Authors: Pfammatter Mario , Tschacher Wolfgang 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Bis heute wird die Frage, welche Faktoren für die Wirkung von Psychotherapie verantwortlich sind, kontrovers diskutiert. Im Zentrum dieser Diskussion stehen zwei vermeintlich gegensätzliche Wirkmodelle – das Modell spezifisch wirksamer Therapietechniken und das allgemeine Wirkfaktorenmodell. Allgemeine Wirkfaktoren und Therapietechniken sind konzeptuell jedoch auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen des Psychotherapieprozesses angesiedelt. An Stelle der Entweder-oder-Debatte sollte deshalb die Analyse ihres Zusammenwirkens in den Vordergrund rücken. Fragestellung: Mit Hilfe von Expertenratings wurde untersucht, ob sich verschiedene allgemeine Wirkfaktoren durch typische Zusammenhänge mit bestimmten Therapietechniken zu übergeordneten Klassen zusammenfassen lassen. Methode: 68 deutschsprachige Psychotherapieexperten schätzten in einer internetbasierten Umfrage ein, mit welchen spezifischen Therapietechniken verschiedene allgemeine Wirkfaktoren zusammenhängen. Mittels Faktorenanalyse wurde dann geprüft, welche Klassen von allgemeinen Wirkfaktoren sich durch bestimmte Muster von Technikzusammenhängen abbilden. Durch eine hierarchische Regressionsanalyse wurden zudem die Stärke und Richtung der Zusammenhänge zwischen einzelnen Wirkfaktorenklassen und den verschiedenen Techniken untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Faktorenanalyse zeigt, dass den Zusammenhängen zwischen allgemeinen Wirkfaktoren und Techniken eine vierdimensionale Struktur unterliegt. Die vier Klassen von allgemeinen Wirkfaktoren hängen jeweils mit einer bestimmten Gruppe von Therapietechniken zusammen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Vielzahl allgemeiner Wirkfaktoren lässt sich mittels ihrer Operationalisierung durch Therapietechniken zusammenfassen.
Understanding sodium-ion diffusion in layered P2 and P3 oxides via experiments and first-principles calculations: a bridge between crystal structure and electrochemical performance
Authors: Guo Shaohua , Sun Yang , Yi Jin , Zhu Kai , Liu Pan , Zhu Yanbei , Zhu Guo-zhen , Chen Mingwei , Ishida Masayoshi , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Layered Na
x
MeO2 (Me=transition metal) oxides, the most common electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries, fall into different phases according to their stacking sequences. Although the crystalline phase is well known to largely influence the electrochemical performance of these materials, the structure–property relationship is still not fully experimentally and theoretically understood. Herein, a couple consisting of P2-Na0.62Ti0.37Cr0.63O2 and P3-Na0.63Ti0.37Cr0.63O2 materials having nearly the same compositions is reported. The atomic crystal structures and charge compensation mechanism are confirmed by atomic-scale characterizations in the layered P2 and P3 structures, respectively, and notably, the relationship of the crystal structure–electrochemical performance is well defined in the layered P-type structures for the first time in this paper. The electrochemical results suggest that the P2 phase exhibits a better rate capability and cycling stability than the P3 phase. Density functional theory calculations combined with a galvanostatic intermittent titration technique indicates that the P2 phase shows a lower Na diffusion barrier in the presence of multi-Na vacancies, accounting for the better rate capability of the P2 phase. Our results reveal the relationship between the crystal structure and the electrochemical properties in P-type layered sodium oxides, demonstrating the potential for future electrode advancements for applications in sodium-ion batteries.
Loss of anti-contractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue in offspring of obese rats
Authors: Zaborska K E , Wareing M , Edwards G , Austin C 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Rationale:
Maternal obesity pre-programmes offspring to develop obesity and associated cardiovascular disease. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts an anti-contractile effect on the vasculature, which is reduced in hypertension and obesity.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal obesity pre-programmes offspring to develop PVAT dysfunction in later life.

Methods:
Female Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a diet containing 10% (control) or 45% fat (high fat diet, HFD) for 12 weeks prior to mating and during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring were killed at 12 or 24 weeks of age and tension in PVAT-intact or -denuded mesenteric artery segments was measured isometrically. Concentration–response curves were constructed to U46619 and norepinephrine.

Results:
Only 24-week-old HFD offspring were hypertensive (P<0.0001), although the anti-contractile effect of PVAT was lost in vessels from HFD offspring of each age. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase with 100 μM
l-NMMA attenuated the anti-contractile effect of PVAT and increased contractility of PVAT-denuded arteries (P<0.05, P<0.0001). The increase in contraction was smaller in PVAT-intact than PVAT-denuded vessels from 12-week-old HFD offspring, suggesting decreased PVAT-derived NO and release of a contractile factor (P<0.07). An additional, NO-independent effect of PVAT was evident only in norepinephrine-contracted vessels. Activation of AMP-activated kinase (with 10 μM A769662) was anti-contractile in PVAT-denuded (P<0.0001) and -intact (P<0.01) vessels and was due solely to NO in controls; the AMPK effect was similar in HFD offspring vessels (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively) but was partially NO-independent.

Conclusions:
The diminished anti-contractile effects of PVAT in offspring of HFD dams are primarily due to release of a PVAT-derived contractile factor and reduced NO bioavailability.
The Gonium pectorale genome demonstrates co-option of cell cycle regulation during the evolution of multicellularity
Authors: Hanschen Erik R. , Marriage Tara N. , Ferris Patrick J. , Hamaji Takashi , Toyoda Atsushi , Fujiyama Asao , Neme Rafik , Noguchi Hideki , Minakuchi Yohei , Suzuki Masahiro , Kawai-Toyooka Hiroko , Smith David R. , Sparks Halle , Anderson Jaden , Bakarić Robert , Luria Victor , Karger Amir , Kirschner Marc W. , Durand Pierre M. , Michod Richard E. , Nozaki Hisayoshi , Olson Bradley J. S. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe transition to multicellularity has occurred numerous times in all domains of life, yet its initial steps are poorly understood. The volvocine green algae are a tractable system for understanding the genetic basis of multicellularity including the initial formation of cooperative cell groups. Here we report the genome sequence of the undifferentiated colonial alga,Gonium pectorale,where group formation evolved by co-option of the retinoblastoma cell cycle regulatory pathway. Significantly, expression of theGoniumretinoblastoma cell cycle regulator in unicellularChlamydomonascauses it to become colonial. The presence of these changes in undifferentiatedGoniumindicates extensive group-level adaptation during the initial step in the evolution of multicellularity. These results emphasize an early and formative step in the evolution of multicellularity, the evolution of cell cycle regulation, one that may shed light on the evolutionary history of other multicellular innovations and evolutionary transitions.
Awake dynamics and brain-wide direct inputs of hypothalamic MCH and orexin networks
Authors: González J. Antonio , Iordanidou Panagiota , Strom Molly , Adamantidis Antoine , Burdakov Denis 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe lateral hypothalamus (LH) controls energy balance. LH melanin-concentrating-hormone (MCH) and orexin/hypocretin (OH) neurons mediate energy accumulation and expenditure, respectively. MCH cells promote memory and appropriate stimulus-reward associations; their inactivation disrupts energy-optimal behaviour and causes weight loss. However, MCH cell dynamics during wakefulness are unknown, leaving it unclear if they differentially participate in brain activity during sensory processing. By fiberoptic recordings from molecularly defined populations of LH neurons in awake freely moving mice, we show that MCH neurons generate conditional population bursts. This MCH cell activity correlates with novelty exploration, is inhibited by stress and is inversely predicted by OH cell activity. Furthermore, we obtain brain-wide maps of monosynaptic inputs to MCH and OH cells, and demonstrate optogenetically that VGAT neurons in the amygdala and bed nucleus of stria terminalis inhibit MCH cells. These data reveal cell-type-specific LH dynamics during sensory integration, and identify direct neural controllers of MCH neurons.
Statistical moments of quantum-walk dynamics reveal topological quantum transitions
Authors: Cardano Filippo , Maffei Maria , Massa Francesco , Piccirillo Bruno , de Lisio Corrado , De Filippis Giulio , Cataudella Vittorio , Santamato Enrico , Marrucci Lorenzo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMany phenomena in solid-state physics can be understood in terms of their topological properties. Recently, controlled protocols of quantum walk (QW) are proving to be effective simulators of such phenomena. Here we report the realization of a photonic QW showing both the trivial and the non-trivial topologies associated with chiral symmetry in one-dimensional (1D) periodic systems. We find that the probability distribution moments of the walker position after many steps can be used as direct indicators of the topological quantum transition: while varying a control parameter that defines the system phase, these moments exhibit a slope discontinuity at the transition point. Numerical simulations strongly support the conjecture that these features are general of 1D topological systems. Extending this approach to higher dimensions, different topological classes, and other typologies of quantum phases may offer general instruments for investigating and experimentally detecting quantum transitions in such complex systems.
Super square carbon nanotube network: a new promising water desalination membrane
Authors: Sun Ligang , He Xiaoqiao , Lu Jian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSuper square (SS) carbon nanotube (CNT) networks, acting as a new kind of nanoporous membrane, manifest excellent water desalination performance. Nanopores in SS CNT network can efficiently filter NaCl from water. The water desalination ability of such nanoporous membranes critically depends on the pore diameter, permitting water molecule permeatration while salt ion obstruction. On the basis of the systematical analysis on the interaction among water permeability, salt concentration limit and pressure on the membranes, an empirical formula is developed to describe the relationship between pressure and concentration limit. In the meantime, the nonlinear relationship between pressure and water permeability is examined. Hence, by controlling pressure, optimal plan can be easily made to efficiently filter the saltwater. Moreover, steered molecular dynamics (MD) method uncovers bending and local buckling of SS CNT network that leads to salt ions passing through membranes. These important mechanical behaviours are neglected in most MD simulations, which may overestimate the filtration ability. Overall, water permeability of such material is several orders of magnitude higher than the conventional reverse osmosis membranes and several times higher than nanoporous graphene membranes. SS CNT networks may act as a new kind of membrane developed for water desalination with excellent filtration ability.
GTP-binding of ARL-3 is activated by ARL-13 as a GEF and stabilized by UNC-119
Authors: Zhang Qing , Li Yan , Zhang Yuxia , Torres Vicente E. , Harris Peter C. , Ling Kun , Hu Jinghua 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPrimary cilia are sensory organelles indispensable for organogenesis and tissue pattern formation. Ciliopathy small GTPase ARLs are proposed as prominent ciliary switches, which when disrupted result in dysfunctional cilia, yet how ARLs are activated remain elusive. Here, we discover a novel small GTPase functional module, which contains ARL-3, ARL-13 and UNC-119, localizes near the poorly understood inversin (InV)-like compartment in C. elegans. ARL-13 acts synergistically with UNC-119, but antagonistically with ARL-3, in regulating ciliogenesis. We demonstrate that ARL-3 is a unique small GTPase with unusual high intrinsic GDP release but low intrinsic GTP binding rate. Importantly, ARL-13 acts as a nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of ARL-3, while UNC-119 can stabilize the GTP binding of ARL-3. We further show that excess inactivated ARL-3 compromises ciliogenesis. The findings reveal a novel mechanism that one ciliopathy GTPase ARL-13, as a GEF, coordinates with UNC-119, which may act as a GTP-binding stabilizing factor, to properly activate another GTPase ARL-3 in cilia, a regulatory process indispensable for ciliogenesis.
VirB8-like protein TraH is crucial for DNA transfer in Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Fercher Christian , Probst Ines , Kohler Verena , Goessweiner-Mohr Nikolaus , Arends Karsten , Grohmann Elisabeth , Zangger Klaus , Meyer N. Helge , Keller Walter 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUntreatable bacterial infections caused by a perpetual increase of antibiotic resistant strains represent a serious threat to human healthcare in the 21st century. Conjugative DNA transfer is the most important mechanism for antibiotic resistance and virulence gene dissemination among bacteria and is mediated by a protein complex, known as type IV secretion system (T4SS). The core of the T4SS is a multiprotein complex that spans the bacterial envelope as a channel for macromolecular secretion. We report the NMR structure and functional characterization of the transfer protein TraH encoded by the conjugative Gram-positive broad-host range plasmid pIP501. The structure exhibits a striking similarity to VirB8 proteins of Gram-negative secretion systems where they play an essential role in the scaffold of the secretion machinery. Considering TraM as the first VirB8-like protein discovered in pIP501, TraH represents the second protein affiliated with this family in the respective transfer operon. A markerless traH deletion in pIP501 resulted in a total loss of transfer in Enterococcus faecalis as compared with the pIP501 wild type (wt) plasmid, demonstrating that TraH is essential for pIP501 mediated conjugation. Moreover, oligomerization state and topology of TraH in the native membrane were determined providing insights in molecular organization of a Gram-positive T4SS.
Three-Dimensional Super-Resolution Morphology by Near-Field Assisted White-Light Interferometry
Authors: Wang Feifei , Liu Lianqing , Yu Peng , Liu Zhu , Yu Haibo , Wang Yuechao , Li Wen Jung 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRecent developments in far-field fluorescent microscopy have enabled nanoscale imaging of biological entities by ingenious applications of fluorescent probes. For non-fluorescence applications, however, scanning probe microscopy still remains one of the most commonly used methods to “image” nanoscale features in all three dimensions, despite its limited throughput and invasiveness to scanned samples. Here, we propose a time-efficient three-dimensional super-resolution microscopy method: near-field assisted white light interferometry (NFWLI). This method takes advantage of topography acquisition using white-light interferometry and lateral near-field imaging via a microsphere superlens. The ability to discern structures in central processing units (CPUs) with minimum feature sizes of approximately 50 nm in the lateral dimensions and approximately 10 nm in the axial dimension within 25 s (40 times faster than atomic force microscopes) was demonstrated. We elaborate in this paper the principles of NFWLI and demonstrate its potential for becoming a practical method for high-speed and non-toxic three-dimensional nanoscale imaging.
Gene expression of Lactobacillus plantarum and the commensal microbiota in the ileum of healthy and early SIV-infected rhesus macaques
Authors: Golomb Benjamin L. , Hirao Lauren A. , Dandekar Satya , Marco Maria L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractChronic HIV infection results in impairment of gut-associated lymphoid tissue leading to systemic immune activation. We previously showed that in early SIV-infected rhesus macaques intestinal dysfunction is initiated with the induction of the IL-1β pathway in the small intestine and reversed by treatment with an exogenous Lactobacillus plantarum strain. Here, we provide evidence that the transcriptomes of L. plantarum and ileal microbiota are not altered shortly after SIV infection. L. plantarum adapts to the small intestine by expressing genes required for tolerating oxidative stress, modifying cell surface composition and consumption of host glycans. The ileal microbiota of L. plantarum-containing healthy and SIV+ rhesus macaques also transcribed genes for host glycan metabolism as well as for cobalamin biosynthesis. Expression of these pathways by bacteria were proposed but not previously demonstrated in the mammalian small intestine.
Infection pattern and transmission potential of chikungunya virus in two New World laboratory-adapted Aedes aegypti strains
Authors: Dong Shengzhang , Kantor Asher M. , Lin Jingyi , Passarelli A. Lorena , Clem Rollie J. , Franz Alexander W. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne virus belonging to the Togaviridae, which is transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. We describe the infection pattern of CHIKV in two New World Ae. aegypti strains, HWE and ORL. Both mosquito strains were susceptible to the virus but showed different infection patterns in midguts and salivary glands. Even though acquisition of a bloodmeal showed moderate levels of apoptosis in midgut tissue, there was no obvious additional CHIKV-induced apoptosis detectable during midgut infection. Analysis of expression of apoptosis-related genes suggested that CHIKV infection dampens rather than promotes apoptosis in the mosquito midgut. In both mosquito strains, the virus was present in saliva within two days post-oral infection. HWE and ORL mosquitoes exhibited no salivary gland infection barrier; however, only 60% (HWE) to 65% (ORL) of the females had released the virus in their saliva at one week post-oral acquisition, suggesting a salivary gland escape barrier. CHIKV induced an apoptotic response in salivary glands of HWE and ORL mosquitoes, demonstrating that the virus caused pathology in its natural vector.
Global antibody response to Staphylococcus aureus live-cell vaccination
Authors: Selle Martina , Hertlein Tobias , Oesterreich Babett , Klemm Theresa , Kloppot Peggy , Müller Elke , Ehricht Ralf , Stentzel Sebastian , Bröker Barbara M. , Engelmann Susanne , Ohlsen Knut 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe pathogen Staphylococcus aureus causes a broad range of severe diseases and is feared for its ability to rapidly develop resistance to antibiotic substances. The increasing number of highly resistant S. aureus infections has accelerated the search for alternative treatment options to close the widening gap in anti-S. aureus therapy. This study analyses the humoral immune response to vaccination of Balb/c mice with sublethal doses of live S. aureus. The elicited antibody pattern in the sera of intravenously and intramuscularly vaccinated mice was determined using of a recently developed protein array. We observed a specific antibody response against a broad set of S. aureus antigens which was stronger following i.v. than i.m. vaccination. Intravenous but not intramuscular vaccination protected mice against an intramuscular challenge infection with a high bacterial dose. Vaccine protection was correlated with the strength of the anti-S. aureus antibody response. This study identified novel vaccine candidates by using protein microarrays as an effective tool and showed that successful vaccination against S. aureus relies on the optimal route of administration.
Structural basis for the specific inhibition of glycoprotein Ibα shedding by an inhibitory antibody
Authors: Tao Yue , Zhang Xiaoqin , Liang Xin , Zang Jianye , Mo Xi , Li Renhao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEctodomain shedding of glycoprotein (GP) Ibα is thought to mediate the clearance of activated, aged or damaged platelets. A monoclonal antibody, 5G6, has been developed recently to specifically bind to the GPIbα shedding cleavage site and to inhibit its shedding. However, the molecular mechanism underlying antigen recognition and inhibitory specificity is not clear. To elucidate the structural basis for 5G6 binding to GPIbα, we determined the crystal structure of 5G6 Fab fragment in complex with its epitope peptide KL10 (GPIbα residues 461–470, KLRGVLQGHL), to 2.4-Å resolution. Key residues in both 5G6 and KL10 were mutated to validate their effects in antibody binding by using isothermal titration calorimetry. The 5G6 Fab-KL10 peptide complex structure confirmed the direct association of 5G6 with its target GPIbα residues and elucidated the molecular basis underlying its binding specificity and high affinity. The similar binding properties of 5G6 Fab fragment to GPIbα on human platelets as those to KL10 suggests that such an interaction may not be affected by the plasma membrane or nearby GPIbβ. This structural information may facilitate further antibody optimization and humanization.