bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Invasion History and Genomic Signatures of Adaptation of the Highly Invasive Sycamore Lace Bug
Authors: Du Zhenyong , Wang Xuan , Duan Yuange , Liu Shanlin , Tian Li , Song Fan , Cai Wanzhi , Li Hu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Invasive species cause massive economic and ecological damage. Climate change has resulted in an unprecedented increase in the number and impact of invasive species; however, the mechanisms underlying these invasions are unclear. The sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata, is a highly invasive species originating from North America and has expanded across the Northern Hemisphere since the 1960s. In this study, we assembled the C. ciliata genome using high-coverage Pacific Biosciences (PacBio), Illumina, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) sequencing. A total of 15,278 protein-coding genes were identified, and expansions of gene families with oxidoreductase and metabolic activities were observed. In-depth resequencing of 402 samples from native and nine invaded countries across three continents revealed 2.74 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. Two major invasion routes of C. ciliata were identified from North America to Europe and Japan, with a contact zone forming in East Asia. Genomic signatures of selection associated with invasion and long-term balancing selection in native ranges were identified. These genomic signatures overlapped with expanded genes, suggesting improvements in the oxidative stress and thermal tolerance of C. ciliata. These findings offer valuable insights into the genomic architecture and adaptive evolution underlying the invasive capabilities of species during rapid environmental changes.
Community voices in health literacy: a qualitative exploration into perceptions of a health literacy mediator
Authors: Spencer Madeline , Cruickshank Vaughan , Kemp Nenagh , Nash Rosie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Health literacy is a vital asset needed to empower individuals to take control of their health. An individual’s health literacy is the ability to find, use and apply health information and services to manage their health. They interact with the health services and members of their community who can offer additional support. Creating the role of a health literacy mediator (HLM) may help to improve health literacy outcomes for all. For this role to be accepted by individuals within a community, the community itself should be involved in the development of the roles and associated responsibilities. The aim of this study was to engage with community members to acquire their perspectives on the potential of this role. Qualitative semi-structured online interviews were used to engage in discussions with local community members. This study implemented a constructivist epistemology with qualitative research design. Data were thematically analysed to identify evolving themes that were important to the HLM role. The analysis identified three main themes that need to be considered when adopting an HLM role: (i) health empowerment of individuals, organizations and communities, (ii) meeting the needs of the community and (iii) addressing the existing barriers in navigating and accessing the healthcare system. Those working in the health promotion space must adopt novel and innovative ways to improve HL on both a local and an international scale. This study concluded that for the role of a HLM to be accepted, it would need to encompass these attributes.
CHH hypermethylation contributes to the early ripening of grapes revealed by DNA methylome landscape of ‘Kyoho’ and its bud mutant
Authors: Wei Tong-Lu , Wan Yu-Tong , Liu Hai-Nan , Pei Mao-Song , He Guang-Qi , Guo Da-Long 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
DNA methylation is a stable epigenetic mark that plays a crucial role in plant life processes. However, the specific functions of DNA methylation in grape berry development remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing on ‘Kyoho’ grape and its early-ripening bud mutant ‘Fengzao’ at different developmental stages. Our results revealed that transposons (TEs) and gene flanking regions exhibited high levels of methylation, particularly in ‘Fengzao’, attributed to CHH site methylation. Interestingly, the methylation patterns in these two cultivars showed distinct dynamics during berry development. While methylation levels of genes and TEs increased gradually in ‘Kyoho’ throughout berry development, ‘Fengzao’ did not display consistent changes. Notably, ‘Fengzao’ exhibited higher methylation levels in promoters compared to ‘Kyoho’, suggesting that hypermethylation of promoters may contribute to its early ripening phenotype. Integration of methylome and transcriptome data highlighted differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and expressed genes (DEGs) associated with secondary metabolite biosynthesis, with 38 genes identified as potential candidates involved in grape berry development. Furthermore, the study identified a jasmonate-induced oxygenase gene (JOX1) as a negative regulator of ripening in Arabidopsis and grapes, indicating that hypermethylation of JOX1 may play a role in the early ripening of ‘Fengzao’. Overall, our findings provide insights into the distinct DNA methylation patterns during grape berry development, shedding light on the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms underlying the early-ripening bud mutant.
Tissue culture-independent approaches to revolutionizing plant transformation and gene editing
Authors: Quiroz Luis Felipe , Khan Moman , Gondalia Nikita , Lai Linyi , McKeown Peter C , Brychkova Galina , Spillane Charles 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Despite the transformative power of gene editing for crop improvement, its widespread application across species and varieties is limited by the transformation bottleneck that exists for many crops. The genetic transformation of plants is hindered by a general reliance on in vitro regeneration through plant tissue culture. Tissue culture requires empirically determined conditions and aseptic techniques, and cannot easily be translated to recalcitrant species and genotypes. Both Agrobacterium-mediated and alternative transformation protocols are limited by a dependency on in vitro regeneration, which also limits their use by non-experts and hinders research into non-model species such as those of possible novel biopharmaceutical or nutraceutical use, as well as novel ornamental varieties. Hence, there is significant interest in developing tissue culture-independent plant transformation and gene editing approaches that can circumvent the bottlenecks associated with in vitro plant regeneration recalcitrance. Compared to tissue culture-based transformations, tissue culture-independent approaches offer advantages such as avoidance of somaclonal variation effects, with more streamlined and expeditious methodological processes. The ease of use, dependability, and accessibility of tissue culture-independent procedures can make them attractive to non-experts, outperforming classic tissue culture-dependent systems. This review explores the diversity of tissue culture-independent transformation approaches and compares them to traditional tissue culture-dependent transformation strategies. We highlight their simplicity and provide examples of recent successful transformations accomplished using these systems. Our review also addresses current limitations and explores future perspectives, highlighting the significance of these techniques for advancing plant research and crop improvement.
CsNAC17 enhances resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by interacting with CsbHLH62 in Camellia sinensis
Authors: Han Rui , Mei Huiling , Huang Qiwei , Ma Cunqiang , Zhao Yuxin , Jeyaraj Anburaj , Zhuang Jing , Wang Yuhua , Chen Xuan , Liu Shujing , Li Xinghui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causes anthracnose, a serious threat to tea trees around the world, particularly in warm and humid regions. RNA-Seq data have previously indicated NAC transcription factors are involved in anthracnose resistance, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The BiFC, Split-LUC, and Co-IP assays validated the interaction between CsbHLH62 and CsNAC17 identified through yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening. CsNAC17 or CsbHLH62 overexpression enhanced anthracnose resistance, as well as enhanced levels of H2O2, hypersensitivity, and cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. The NBS-LRR gene CsRPM1 is regulated by CsNAC17 by binding directly to its promoter (i.e. CACG, CATGTG), while CsbHLH62 facilitates CsNAC17’s binding and increases transcriptional activity of CsRPM1. Additionally, transient silencing of CsNAC17 and CsbHLH62 in tea plant leaves using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system resulted in decreased resistance to anthracnose. Conversely, transient overexpression of CsNAC17 and CsbHLH62 in tea leaves significantly enhanced the resistance against anthracnose. Based on these results, it appears that CsbHLH62 facilitates the activity of CsNAC17 on CsRPM1, contributing to increased anthracnose resistance.
Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study of community pharmacists in the UK
Authors: Payne Bradley , Righton Olivia , Nana Melanie , Chapman Sarah , Williamson Catherine , Lakhani Shivali , Alter Marsha , Bell Zoe , Flynn Angela C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the content and frequency of advice community pharmacists (CPs) provide to pregnant women with nausea and vomiting, their confidence in providing advice, and their knowledge of the safety of medication used to manage the condition.

Methods
An online questionnaire of closed- and open-ended questions was distributed to CPs in the UK in May 2023. Closed-ended questions were analysed quantitatively, and conventional content analysis was utilised for open-ended responses.

Key findings
One hundred and eighty-one respondents completed the questionnaire, 24 responses were excluded, leaving data from 157 available for analysis. The majority (90.4%) of participants reported having experience in providing advice on nausea and vomiting with varying levels of confidence. Advice provided included using over-the-counter products, lifestyle modifications, reassurance, medication advice, and referring to other healthcare professionals. Knowledge of first-line antiemetics considered safe in pregnancy varied; cyclizine was correctly identified as safe during pregnancy by 57.3%, followed by 37.6% for promethazine and 31.2% for prochlorperazine. Self-reported confidence and having experience providing advice were related to higher medication safety identification rates. Five percent of participants reported previous training on the condition, while 70% reported wanting further education, preferably delivered via an online medium.

Conclusions
This study showed that although 90% of CPs provide advice on nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, their medication safety knowledge varied. The majority of CPs reported wanting further education that would ensure women could access reliable information and evidence-based advice to optimise management of the condition.
Health disparities in the risk of severe acidosis: real-world evidence from the All of Us cohort
Authors: Gatz Allison E , Xiong Chenxi , Chen Yao , Jiang Shihui , Nguyen Chi Mai , Song Qianqian , Li Xiaochun , Zhang Pengyue , Eadon Michael T , Su Jing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess the health disparities across social determinants of health (SDoH) domains for the risk of severe acidosis independent of demographical and clinical factors.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective case-control study (n = 13 310, 1:4 matching) is performed using electronic health records (EHRs), SDoH surveys, and genomics data from the All of Us participants. The propensity score matching controls confounding effects due to EHR data availability. Conditional logistic regressions are used to estimate odds ratios describing associations between SDoHs and the risk of acidosis events, adjusted for demographic features, and clinical conditions.

Results
Those with employer-provided insurance and those with Medicaid plans show dramatically different risks [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.761 vs 1.41]. Low-income groups demonstrate higher risk (household income less than $25k, AOR: 1.3-1.57) than high-income groups ($100-$200k, AOR: 0.597-0.867). Other high-risk factors include impaired mobility (AOR: 1.32), unemployment (AOR: 1.32), renters (AOR: 1.41), other non-house-owners (AOR: 1.7), and house instability (AOR: 1.25). Education was negatively associated with acidosis risk.

Discussion
Our work provides real-world evidence of the comprehensive health disparities due to socioeconomic and behavioral contributors in a cohort enriched in minority groups or underrepresented populations.

Conclusions
SDoHs are strongly associated with systematic health disparities in the risk of severe metabolic acidosis. Types of health insurance, household income levels, housing status and stability, employment status, educational level, and mobility disability play significant roles after being adjusted for demographic features and clinical conditions. Comprehensive solutions are needed to improve equity in healthcare and reduce the risk of severe acidosis.
University of North Carolina adolescent and young adult cancer program: reach and characteristics of care
Authors: Stein Jacob , Wardell Alexis , Ritzwoller Dawn M , Swift Catherine , Matson Melissa , Winslow Hannah C , Muthukrishnan Hrishika , Waters Austin R , Haines Emily R , Lux Lauren , Smitherman Andrew B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cancer care organizations often struggle to adequately address the unique needs of adolescent and young adult cancer patients, resulting in poorer outcomes compared with other age groups. Creation of adolescent and young adult cancer programs serves to bridge this gap and improve quality of care for this population. We aimed to describe the evolution and impact of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Program. To do so, we conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing electronic health record data matched with North Carolina Cancer Registry data from 2014 to 2022. Between 2014 and 2022, a total of 4016 adolescents and young adults (aged 13-39 years) received cancer care at the University of North Carolina Medical Center, with 670 having contact with the Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Program. Program-contacted patients were younger, more likely to be non-Hispanic Black race, and more likely to have metastatic disease or hematologic malignancies. We saw a steady increase in patient volume over the study period, corresponding with program growth.
Nonhomogeneous hidden semi-Markov models for toroidal data
Authors: Lagona Francesco , Mingione Marco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A nonhomogeneous hidden semi-Markov model is proposed to segment bivariate time series of wind and wave directions according to a finite number of latent regimes and, simultaneously, estimate the influence of time-varying covariates on the process’ survival under each regime. The model is a mixture of toroidal densities, whose parameters depend on the evolution of a semi-Markov chain, which is in turn modulated by time-varying covariates. It includes nonhomogeneous hidden Markov models and hidden semi-Markov models as special cases. Parameter estimates are obtained using an Expectation-Maximization algorithm that relies on an efficient augmentation of the latent process. Fitted on a time series of wind and wave directions recorded in the Adriatic Sea, the model offers a clear-cut description of sea state dynamics in terms of latent regimes and captures the influence of time-varying weather conditions on the duration of such regimes.
Pooled safety evaluation for a new single-shot live-attenuated chikungunya vaccine
Authors: Maurer Gabriele , Buerger Vera , Larcher-Senn Julian , Erlsbacher Florian , Dubischar Katrin , Eder-Lingelbach Susanne , Jaramillo Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Chikungunya disease, caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), is associated with substantial morbidity, including debilitating CHIKV-related arthralgia.

Methods
Three clinical trials of a CHIKV vaccine (VLA1553, IXCHIQ®) were conducted in the USA: a Phase 1 dose-finding trial, a pivotal Phase 3 trial and a Phase 3 lot-to-lot consistency trial. Participants were healthy adults (≥18 years) and received a single intramuscular dose of VLA1553 (3520 participants) or placebo (1033 participants). Solicited injection site and systemic adverse events (AEs) (10–14 days post-vaccination), unsolicited AEs (28 and 180 days post-vaccination), AEs of special interest (AESIs) (28 days post-vaccination), medically attended AEs (MAAEs), serious AEs (SAEs) (180 days post-vaccination) and pregnancies were evaluated. Safety data were pooled, and analyses were descriptive.

Results
Overall, 63.7% of participants receiving VLA1553 experienced AEs (44.7% for placebo) that were generally mild. Solicited injection-site AEs, solicited systemic AEs and unsolicited (Day 29) AEs were reported by 15.5, 50.9 and 22.7% of participants who received VLA1553 and 11.1, 26.9 and 13.4% who received placebo. Arthralgia was reported by 16.7% of participants who received VLA1553 and 4.8% of participants who received placebo; none required medical attention. MAAEs, AESIs and SAEs were reported by 12.4, 0.3 and 1.5% of participants who received VLA1553 and 11.3, 0.1 and 0.8% of participants who received placebo. Protocol-defined AESIs were mild and short-lived, and two VLA1553-related SAEs resolved without sequelae. There were no clinically important differences in AE incidence based on age or medical history and no VLA1553-related adverse pregnancy outcomes. There were three deaths (two in the VLA1553 group and one in the placebo group); none was vaccine-related.

Conclusions
A single dose of VLA1553 presented with an excellent local tolerability profile and overall safety in line with that expected for a live-attenuated vaccine. The safety profile was comparable in participants aged 18–64 years and ≥65 years.
Modelling of long gamma-ray burst host galaxies at cosmic noon from damped Lyman-α absorption statistics
Authors: Krogager J -K , De Cia A , Heintz K E , Fynbo J P U , Christensen L B , Björnsson G , Jakobsson P , Jeffreson S , Ledoux C , Møller P , Noterdaeme P , Palmerio J , Vergani S D , Watson D 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We study the properties of long gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies using a statistical modelling framework derived to model damped Lyman-$\alpha$ absorbers (DLAs) in quasar spectra at high redshift. The distribution of $N_{\rm H\, {\small I}}$ for GRB-DLAs is $\sim$10 times higher than what is found for quasar-DLAs at similar impact parameters. We interpret this as a temporal selection effect due to the short-lived GRB progenitor probing its host at the onset of a starburst where the interstellar medium may exhibit multiple overdense regions. Owing to the larger $N_{\rm H\, {\small I}}$, the dust extinction is larger with 29 per cent of GRB-DLAs exhibiting $A(V)\gt 1$ mag in agreement with the fraction of ‘dark bursts’. Despite the differences in $N_{\rm H\, {\small I}}$ distributions, we find that high-redshift $2 \lt z \lt 3$ quasar- and GRB-DLAs trace the luminosity function of star-forming host galaxies in the same way. We propose that their differences may arise from the fact that the galaxies are sampled at different times in their star formation histories, and that the absorption sightlines probe the galaxy haloes differently. Quasar-DLAs sample the full H i cross-section, whereas GRB-DLAs sample only regions hosting cold neutral medium. Previous studies have found that GRBs avoid high-metallicity galaxies ($\sim$0.5 $Z_{\odot }$). Since at these redshifts galaxies on average have lower metallicities, our sample is only weakly sensitive to such a threshold. Lastly, we find that the modest detection rate of cold gas (H$_2$ or C i) in GRB spectra can be explained mainly by a low volume filling factor of cold gas clouds and to a lesser degree by destruction from the GRB explosion itself.
Accretion-mediated spin–eccentricity correlations in LISA massive black hole binaries
Authors: Garg Mudit , Tiede Christopher , D’Orazio Daniel J 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We examine expected effective spin ($\chi _{{\rm eff},1{\rm yr}}$) and orbital eccentricity ($e_{1\rm yr}$) correlations for a population of observable equal-mass massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) with total redshifted mass $M_z\sim [10^{4.5},10^{7.5}]~{{\rm M}_{\odot }}$ embedded in a circumbinary disc (CBD) at redshifts $z=1$ and $z=2$, 1 yr before merging in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) band. We find a strong correlation between measurable eccentricity and negative effective spin for MBHBs that are carried to merger by retrograde accretion. This is due to the well-established eccentricity pumping of retrograde accretion and less-well-established formation of retrograde mini-discs coupled with a stable retrograde CBD throughout the binary evolution from the self-gravitating radius. Conversely, prograde accretion channels result in positive $\chi _{{\rm eff},1\rm yr}$ and non-measurable $e_{1\rm yr}$ except for almost unity Eddington ratio and $M_z\lesssim 10^{5}~{{\rm M}_{\odot }}$ MBHBs at $z=1$. This clear contrast between the two CBD orientations – and particularly the unique signature of retrograde configurations – provides a promising way to unlock the mysteries of MBHB formation channels in the LISA era.
Colour dependence of dipole in CatWISE2020 data
Authors: Panwar Mohit , Jain Pankaj , Omar Amitesh 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The signal of dipole anisotropy in quasar number counts is studied using the CatWISE2020 catalogue in various colour bins. It is found that the dipole signal differs significantly in two colour bins, namely $W1-W2\lt 1.1$ and $W1-W2\gt 1.1$. While the dipole in the bin $W1-W2\lt 1.1$ points close to the direction of the cosmic microwave background dipole, the dipole in the bin $W1-W2\gt 1.1$ points in the direction $(l,b) = (194^\circ \pm 7^\circ ,19^\circ \pm 4^\circ)$, quite close to the Galactic plane. Despite the proximity to the Galactic plane, we are unable to attribute this signal to a Galactic bias. If we interpret the dipole in the bin $W1-W2\lt 1.1$ as due to our local motion, the extracted velocity turns out to be $900\pm 113$ km s$^{-1}$, which deviates from the cosmic microwave background dipole velocity with approximately 4.7σ significance. We speculate that the dipole signal in both bins is of cosmological origin and that the difference may be attributed to a redshift dependence of the dipole, representing a departure from the standard $\Lambda$CDM model.