bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B - 145 CVLT-3 Forced Choice Recognition Failure Rate in a Mixed Clinical Population
Authors: Myers Melissa A , Moncrief Grant G , Graefe Anna C , Roth Robert M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The CVLT-3 is a measure of verbal learning and memory used extensively in clinical and research settings that contains an embedded performance validity indicator, a forced choice recognition trial (CVLT-3-FCR). The CVLT-2-FCR was modified for the CVLT-3-FCR, replacing abstract with concrete distractor words. To date, no one has reported independent data on failure rates in clinical populations on the CVLT-3-FCR.

Method
Participants were 373 patients referred for clinical neuropsychological evaluation who completed the CVLT-3 (Standard form) as part of their evaluation. Mean age was 61.20 (SD = 14.30, range = 20–86), mean education was 15.00 years (SD = 2.87, range = 6–21), 53.1% were male, and 97.6% White. Failure was defined as CVLT-3-FCR score ≤ 14.

Results
85.5% of our mixed clinical sample had CVLT-3-FCR score of 16/16, and 7.5% had 15/16. Only 7% (N = 26) scored ≤14, most common primary diagnoses being mild neurocognitive disorder (N = 9) and psychiatric (N = 7), while only four had dementia of any etiology. Those who failed tended to be a little older [pass = 60.82 years (SD = 14.44), fail = 66.38 years (SD = 11.28); p = 0.055) and scored lower for CVLT-3 Total Trials 1–5, short- and long-delay free recall, recognition hits, false positives, and discriminability (all p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Findings indicate CVLT-3-FCR ≤ 14 is extremely rare in a large mixed clinical sample of adults and older adults, even in subsamples for whom lower scores on PVTs have been suggested (e.g., dementia). While passing the CVLT-3-FCR does not in itself confirm adequate test engagement, failure should raise concern and the need for additional PVTs in one’s assessment.
B - 147 Neuropsychological Evaluation of a Blind Patient with Suspected Lewy Body Dementia
Authors: Carbone Kaitlyn , Phenis Richard 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Assessment of patients who are blind can be complicated. In patients with Lewy body dementia (LBD), visuospatial abilities are often impaired early but assessment of these abilities is limited in patients who are blind. This case involved neuropsychological evaluation of a patient who is blind with suspected LBD and aims to expand existing literature.

Method
75-year-old, blind (since early 20s) Caucasian female with onset of progressive cognitive decline 18 months prior and motor symptoms 12 months prior. Functional decline, cognitive fluctuations, hallucinations, and possible Rapid Eye Movement behavioral disorder were endorsed. MRI of the brain revealed “diffusely prominent perivascular spaces” and “chronic white matter ischemia”.

Results
Testing found deficits for verbal fluency, processing speed, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. This fronto-subcortical pattern of cognitive dysfunction and functional decline met criteria for mild dementia. Memory performance was variable but not indicative of Alzheimer’s dementia. History and symptoms raise concern for an underlying LBD. With vision loss, Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a potential cause of some of the hallucinations but does not account for the other symptoms reported, which better support an LBD etiology.

Conclusions
This presentation aims to contribute to the limited literature surrounding assessment of LBD in patients who are blind. Aside from the obvious test selection restrictions, finding relevant research and available normative data surrounding neuropsychological assessment in this population is difficult due to the different causes and levels of vision impairment. Limited research surrounding the evaluation and diagnosis of LBD in patients who are blind further complicate this case.
Accuracy of Reaction Time Measurement on Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metric UltraMobile
Authors: Arrieux Jacques , Ivins Brian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
This observational study examined the accuracy of simple reaction time (RT) measurements on various touchscreen tablet devices using the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metric (ANAM) UltraMobile test battery. The study investigated the implications of interpreting ANAM UltraMobile with laptop-based normative data by analyzing the magnitude and variability of RT accuracy across devices.

Method
RT accuracy on 10 different tablets was assessed using a photodetector and robotic arm to respond to stimuli at predetermined response times. The recorded RT was compared with the true RT obtained from the robotic arm to calculate the RT error.

Results
ANAM UltraMobile recorded slower RTs than the laptop version. Additionally, RT error varied considerably among the 10 tablet models, suggesting psychometrically significant implications that could lead to interpretive errors when using laptop-based normative data.

Conclusions
Relative to the RT error from the laptop-based version of ANAM, tablet data from ANAM UltraMobile are significantly slower and exhibit large variability between devices. These differences may have clinically significant implications for the comparability of the two versions. The findings suggest that further research with human participants is needed to assess the equivalence of ANAM UltraMobile with its predecessor.
The Challenge of Kosovo
Authors: Maniura Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This essay offers a reflection on the vexed position of the pre-modern visual arts in Kosovo that sees medieval monuments under continuing armed guard. The violence that led to this state of affairs is sadly familiar, but this enduring phenomenon attracts little attention. The essay concentrates on the fate of the Serbian royal foundations in the region and suggests that it has important implications for the discipline of art history, whose established tools risk failing to find purchase on the polarised sectarian readings that have been forced on these monuments. The veneration of some of these nominally Christian sites by Muslims of varying ethnicities was well attested in the former Yugoslavia, but has not been integrated into their historical study. This essay proposes that the neglect of this experience, which is itself receding into an elusive past, raises questions about art history’s methods and scope.
New Insights Into Breast and Chest Wall Asymmetry in the Aesthetic Patient
Authors: Hafezi Farhad , Kazemi Ashtiani Abbas , Azarbakhsh Mahdokht , Ali Jaafari , Gharegheshlagh Soheila Naderi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Asymmetry, a prevalent phenomenon throughout the human body, prompts this retrospective study, in which the authors aim at discerning potential patterns in its manifestation. Building upon our previous investigations in which left-sided chest wall and pelvic bone width surpassed their right-sided counterparts, a hypothesis is formulated suggesting the likelihood of the right breast being narrower and longer compared with the left.

Objectives
Our objective in this study is to investigate the correlation between the left-sidedness phenomenon in the chest wall and breast shape and appearance, with the aim of understanding its potential impact on outcomes in breast aesthetic surgery.

Methods
A random selection of pictures from 600 female patients undergoing various aesthetic breast procedures formed the basis of this study. Exclusion criteria involved the elimination of 254 pictures with nonstandard photography. Horizontal and vertical parameters of breasts and chest walls were measured, and the results on both sides were systematically compared to validate our hypothesis.

Results
On the left side, the chest wall, the distance between the nipple and the midline, and that of the nipple and the anterior axillary line were significantly wider. Vertical measurements, including the sternal notch to the nipple, the clavicle to the nipple, and the clavicle to inferior breast distance, although longer, did not exhibit statistical significance.

Conclusions
Approximately 77% of patients displayed wider breasts and chest walls on the left side. However, this observed asymmetry did not yield a statistically significant impact on the length of the breasts.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Diagnostic)
Isolation of bacteria from Grifola frondosa cultivation on wood logs to find mycelial growth-promoting bacteria
Authors: Chen Fu-Chia , Kamei Ichiro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to isolate bacteria that coexist with the edible mushroom Grifola frondosa when it is cultured on wood, and to determine their interactions; in turn, the aim was to find bacteria that stimulate mycelial growth so as to decrease the time required for spawn preparation on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Some Pseudomonas, Dyella, Bacillus, and Priestia spp. isolated from the cultivation surroundings of G. frondosa had a positive effect on the mycelial growth of the fungus in PDA. However, some isolated bacteria had a severe negative effect on the mycelial growth, especially Burkholderia spp. Thus, both mycelial-promoting bacteria and potentially pathogenic bacteria coexist with G. frondosa in cultivation. Enzyme activity assays indicated that some wood-degrading bacteria inhabit the cultivation surroundings of G. frondosa, and these bacteria probably help the fungus to degrade wood (especially cellulose).
β-Caryophyllene, a dietary phytocannabinoid, alleviates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice via AMPK activation
Authors: Kamikubo Ryosuke , Yoshida Hiroki , Fushimi Taiki , Kamei Yuki , Akagawa Mitsugu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
β-Caryophyllene (BCP), a dietary phytocannabinoid, significantly suppresses palmitate-induced lipid accumulation in human HepG2 hepatocytes via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. The objective of the preset research was to assess whether oral administration of BCP alleviates obesity-induced hepatic steatosis in mice through AMPK activation. We examined the protective action of supplementation of 0.3% BCP (w/w) in a high-fat diet (HFD) on C57BL/6J mice for 12 weeks. BCP supplementation evidently ameliorated histological hepatic steatosis features, and significantly reduced triglycerides and cholesterol levels in the liver, and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase as compared with non-supplemented HFD-fed mice. Immunoblotting revealed that BCP supplementation in HFD-fed mice also caused hepatic AMPK activation. Furthermore, treatment with BCP in HFD-fed mice significantly suppressed body weight gain and attenuated obesity-related phenotypes relative to the HFD mice. Our results suggest the usefulness of BCP in the prevention of obesity-related liver steatosis and liver injury.
A test of the mechanistic process behind the convergent agonistic character displacement hypothesis
Authors: Luepold Shannon Buckley , Carlotti Sandro , Pasinelli Gilberto 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this era of rapid global change, understanding the mechanisms that enable or prevent species from co-occurring has assumed new urgency. The convergent agonistic character displacement (CACD) hypothesis posits that signal similarity enables the co-occurrence of ecological competitors by promoting aggressive interactions that reduce interspecific territory overlap and hence, exploitative competition. In northwestern Switzerland, ca. 10% of Phylloscopus sibilatrix produce songs containing syllables that are typical of their co-occurring sister species, Phylloscopus bonelli (“mixed singers”). To examine whether the consequences of P. sibilatrix mixed singing are consistent with CACD, we combined a playback experiment and an analysis of interspecific territory overlap. Although P. bonelli reacted more aggressively to playback of mixed P. sibilatrix song than to playback of typical P. sibilatrix song, interspecific territory overlap was not reduced for mixed singers. Thus, the CACD hypothesis was not supported, which stresses the importance of distinguishing between interspecific aggressive interactions and their presumed spatial consequences.
A Bayesian pharmacokinetics integrated phase I–II design to optimize dose-schedule regimes
Authors: Lu Mengyi , Yuan Ying , Liu Suyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The schedule of administering a drug has profound impact on the toxicity and efficacy profiles of the drug through changing its pharmacokinetics (PK). PK is an innate and indispensable component of the dose-schedule optimization. Motivated by this, we propose a Bayesian PK integrated dose-schedule finding (PKIDS) design to identify the optimal dose-schedule regime by integrating PK, toxicity, and efficacy data. Based on the causal pathway that dose and schedule affect PK, which in turn affects efficacy and toxicity, we jointly model the three endpoints by first specifying a Bayesian hierarchical model for the marginal distribution of the longitudinal dose-concentration process. Conditional on the drug concentration in plasma, we jointly model toxicity and efficacy as a function of the concentration. We quantify the risk-benefit of regimes using utility—continuously updating the estimates of PK, toxicity, and efficacy based on interim data—and make adaptive decisions to assign new patients to appropriate dose-schedule regimes via adaptive randomization. The simulation study shows that the PKIDS design has desirable operating characteristics.
Heart rate variability as a dynamic marker of surgeons’ stress during vascular surgery
Authors: De Louche Calvin D , Mandal Manish , Fernandes Lee , Lawson Jason , Bicknell Colin D , Pouncey Anna L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
A surgeon experiences elevated stress levels when operating. Acute stress is linked to cognitive overload, worsening surgical performance. Chronic stress poses a significant risk to a surgeon’s health. Identifying intraoperative stress may allow for preventative strategies that reduce surgeons’ stress and subsequently improve patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using heart rate variability as a marker of stress during vascular surgery.

Methods
A total of 11 senior surgeons were evaluated performing three different vascular surgery procedures. Heart rate variability metrics (low-frequency to high-frequency ratio and standard deviation of the normal-normal interval) were determined from single-lead ECG traces at predetermined procedural performance points. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6, a validated stress tool, was used to assess surgeon-reported stress. Subjective reports of procedural difficulty were also collected. One-way ANOVA compared heart rate variability at key performance points with baseline. Pearson’s coefficient assessed correlation between heart rate variability and subjective stress.

Results
Data were collected for six carotid endarterectomies, six open abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs, and five lower limb bypasses. Heart rate variability metrics indicating markedly greater stress were observed at key performance points across all procedures. Peaks in stress were consistent across different surgeons performing the same procedure. A significant correlation was observed between heart rate variability metrics and subjective State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6 stress reports (r = 0.768, P =&lt;0.001). The most difficult procedural steps reported corresponded with heart rate variability metrics displaying the greatest stress.

Conclusion
Heart rate variability may be a viable approach to assess intraoperative stress and cognitive load during vascular surgery and could be used to evaluate whether a theatre intervention (for example timeout) could reduce stress in areas of surgical difficulty.
Pollination ecology of Dracula erythrochaete (Orchidaceae): brood-site imitation or food deception?
Authors: Gil-Amaya Karen , Fernández Melania , Oses Lizbeth , Benavides-Acevedo Miguel , Grimaldi David , Blanco Mario A , Karremans Adam P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pleurothallidinae is the most diverse Neotropical subtribe in Orchidaceae and is almost exclusively pollinated by insects of the order Diptera. Dracula, a genus of 138 species in the Pleurothallidinae, is known to attract Zygothrica (Drosophilidae) flies, common macrofungi visitors, by imitating fungal volatile compounds and lamellae. Interestingly, Dracula orchids do not appear to offer any rewards to their floral visitors. While brood-site imitation of macrofungi has been suggested as their pollination system, the exact behaviour of flies during their extended visits to the orchid flowers has yet to be confirmed. In this study, we document the pollination mechanism of Dracula erythrochaete. We characterize the floral structures involved in the mechanism using anatomical and morphological evidence. Additionally, through in situ observations and camera recordings, we describe the insect behaviour. We show that flowers of D. erythrochaete share the same group of visitors as nearby macrofungi, including different Zygothrica species, seven of which were determined as effective pollinators. Male and female flies were attracted to the flowers and displayed feeding behaviour. Accordingly, proteins were detected in high concentrations on the papillae at the base of the movable lip and in papillary trichomes of the sepals, near the column. The concept of brood-site imitation is debated, as no oviposition events were observed and no eggs were found on the flowers. Therefore, a mixed strategy of congregation/brood-site imitation and food reward is proposed for pollination.
How to review a submitted dermatology manuscript
Authors: Fong Wei Chern Gavin , Williams Hywel C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Although much has been written about peer review science, practical advice on how to peer review articles is lacking, especially for dermatology. This article aims to provide a practical, stepwise framework to support new reviewers. Step 1 involves a rapid read of the manuscript to get a feel of the topic and to clarify the study question and design. Step 2 is a thorough, slower read, using an appropriate EQUATOR checklist. Step 3 is to organize your comments to the authors into major and minor points in a constructive way, focusing on clarity of question, internal validity, external validity and whether the interpretation fits with the results. Finally, make a recommendation to the editor, indicating whether the study is publishable with suitable revision or whether it contains some fatal flaws. We hope that this practical guide will encourage and help new reviewers to take on this rewarding and important scientific task for patient benefit.
Functional alterations of lateral temporal cortex for processing voice prosody in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hashimoto Ryu-ichiro , Okada Rieko , Aoki Ryuta , Nakamura Motoaki , Ohta Haruhisa , Itahashi Takashi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The human auditory system includes discrete cortical patches and selective regions for processing voice information, including emotional prosody. Although behavioral evidence indicates individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties in recognizing emotional prosody, it remains understudied whether and how localized voice patches (VPs) and other voice-sensitive regions are functionally altered in processing prosody. This fMRI study investigated neural responses to prosodic voices in 25 adult males with ASD and 33 controls using voices of anger, sadness, and happiness with varying degrees of emotion. We used a functional region-of-interest analysis with an independent voice localizer to identify multiple VPs from combined ASD and control data. We observed a general response reduction to prosodic voices in specific VPs of left posterior temporal VP (TVP) and right middle TVP. Reduced cortical responses in right middle TVP were consistently correlated with the severity of autistic symptoms for all examined emotional prosodies. Moreover, representation similarity analysis revealed the reduced effect of emotional intensity in multivoxel activation patterns in left anterior superior temporal cortex only for sad prosody. These results indicate reduced response magnitudes to voice prosodies in specific TVPs and altered emotion intensity-dependent multivoxel activation patterns in adult ASDs, potentially underlying their socio-communicative difficulties.
Provincial and connector qualities of somatosensory brain network hubs in bipolar disorder
Authors: Klahn Anna Luisa , Thompson William Hedley , Momoh Imiele , Abé Christoph , Liberg Benny , Landén Mikael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Brain network hubs are highly connected brain regions serving as important relay stations for information integration. Recent studies have linked mental disorders to impaired hub function. Provincial hubs mainly integrate information within their own brain network, while connector hubs share information between different brain networks. This study used a novel time-varying analysis to investigate whether hubs aberrantly follow the trajectory of other brain networks than their own. The aim was to characterize brain hub functioning in clinically remitted bipolar patients. We analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 96 euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder and 61 healthy control individuals. We characterized different hub qualities within the somatomotor network. We found that the somatomotor network comprised mainly provincial hubs in healthy controls. Conversely, in bipolar disorder patients, hubs in the primary somatosensory cortex displayed weaker provincial and stronger connector hub function. Furthermore, hubs in bipolar disorder showed weaker allegiances with their own brain network and followed the trajectories of the limbic, salience, dorsal attention, and frontoparietal network. We suggest that these hub aberrancies contribute to previously shown functional connectivity alterations in bipolar disorder and may thus constitute the neural substrate to persistently impaired sensory integration despite clinical remission.
Partisans process policy-based and identity-based messages using dissociable neural systems
Authors: Jacoby Nir , Landau-Wells Marika , Pearl Jacob , Paul Alexandra , Falk Emily B , Bruneau Emile G , Ochsner Kevin N 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Political partisanship is often conceived as a lens through which people view politics. Behavioral research has distinguished two types of “partisan lenses”—policy-based and identity-based—that may influence peoples’ perception of political events. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms through which partisan discourse appealing to policy beliefs or targeting partisan identities operate within individuals. We addressed this question by collecting neuroimaging data while participants watched videos of speakers expressing partisan views. A “partisan lens effect” was identified as the difference in neural synchrony between each participant’s brain response and that of their partisan ingroup vs. outgroup. When processing policy-based messaging, a partisan lens effect was observed in socio-political reasoning and affective responding brain regions. When processing negative identity-based attacks, a partisan lens effect was observed in mentalizing and affective responding brain regions. These data suggest that the processing of political discourse that appeals to different forms of partisanship is supported by related but distinguishable neural—and therefore psychological—mechanisms, which may have implications for how we characterize partisanship and ameliorate its deleterious impacts.