bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perbaikan Sifat Fisik, Kimia, dan Antibakteri Edible Film Berbasis Pati Ganyong (Improvement of Physical, Chemical and Antibacterial Characteristics of Edible Film Based on Canna edulis. Kerr Starch)
Authors: Santoso Budi , Marsega Antaria , Priyanto Gatot , Pambanyun Rindit 
Published: February 2017

The objective of the research was to improve physical, chemical, and antibacterial edible film based on Canna edulis Kerr by using eel’protein, gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb), and Citrus hystic extract. The research design was completely randomized factorial design with three replications. There were three studies: the addition of eel’s protein extract, Uncaria gambir Roxb extract, and pH value at the concentration 0 % (v/v), 3 % (v/v), 6 % (v/v), 0 % (w/v), 1.5 % (w/v), 3 % (w/v), and 3, 4, 5, 6 respectively. The results showed that eel’s protein extract concentration significantly effected (at 5 % level test) on thickness and solubility, the Uncaria gambir Roxb extract concentration significantly affected the thickness, percentage of elongation and solubility and interaction between Uncaria gambir Roxb extract and pH value significantly affect the solubility. Charaterictics of the edible film was as follows: thickness 0.15 to 0.28 mm, percentage of elongation 37.17 to 84.4 %, solubility 4,00 to 69.57 %, water vapor transmission rate 4.09 to 11.77 g.m-2.d-1, and inhibition zone for microbe 0.44 to 2.79 mm. ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah adalah untuk memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia, dan antibakteri edible film berbasis pati ganyong dengan memanfaatkan ekstrak protein belut sawah, gambir, dan jeruk kunci. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian terdiri atas konsentrasi ekstrak protein belut (0, 3, dan 6 (%v/v); konsentrasi ekstrak gambir (0, 1,5, dan 3 (%b/v), dan pH (3, 4, 5, dan 6). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak protein belut berpengaruh nyata terhadap ketebalan dan kelarutan, ekstrak gambir berpengaruh nyata terhadap ketebalan, persentasi pemanjangan, dan kelarutan serta perlakuan interaksi antara ekstrak gambir dan pH berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelarutan edible film. Karakteristik edible film yang dihasilkan memiliki ketebalan berkisar 0,15 hingga 0,28 mm, persen pemanjangan berkisar 37,17 hingga 84,4 %, kelarutan edible film dalam air berkisar 41,00 hingga 69,67 %, laju transmisi uap air edible film berkisar antara 4,09 hingga 11,77 g.m-2.hari-1, dan bersifat antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan nilai diameter daya hambat (DDH) berkisar 0,44 hingga 2,79 mm.
Karakteristik Sensori dan Fisiko-Kimia Beras Analog Sorghum dengan Penambahan Rempah Campuran (Sensory and Physicochemical Characteristics of Sorghum Rice Analogue by Mixed Spices Addition)
Authors: Rasyid Maya Indra , Yuliana Nancy Dewi , Budijanto Slamet 
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to obtain the formula of sorghum rice analogue by mixed spices addition with acceptable sensory and physico-chemical characteristics. The selection of sorghum rice analogue formula was tested by using hedonic test with 70 untrained panelists. The addition of mixed spices powder was as follows: 30 % onion, 20 % garlic, 10 % bay leaves, 20 % ginger and 20 % lemongrass. Those mixed spices powder were added to the sorghum rice analogue at percentage of 0.25 %, 0,5 %, 1 %, 2 %, 3 % and 0 % (control) from total dough weight. The sorghum rice analogue was made using extrusion technology (a twin screw extruder). The overall sensory evaluation result showed that the addition of spice mixed had significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on the characteristics of sorghum rice analogue. The panelists accepted the sorghum rice analogue with 1% mixed spice. The preferred formulation was the addition of 1% mixed spice which contain of 9.56 % moisture, 0.72 % ash, 0.53 % fat, 6.22 % protein, 92.53 % carbohydrate, 26.48 % amyloseand 6,67 % dietary fiber. Sorghum rice analogue enriched by spices is a potential as a rich fiber source.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan formula beras analog berbahan dasar sorgum dengan penambahan rempah campuran yang dapat diterima secara sensori. Pemilihan formula dilakukan dengan uji hedonik menggunakan 70 orang panelis tidak terlatih. Rempah yang ditambahkan berupa bubuk rempah campuran yang terdiri atas bawang merah 30%, bawang putih 20 %, daun salam 10 %, jahe 20 % dan sereh 20 %. Penambahan bubuk rempah campuran untuk pembuatan beras analog sorghum berturut-turut 0,25 %, 0,5 %, 1 %, 2 %, 3 % dan kontrol (tanpa rempah) dari total berat adonan diluar air. Beras analog sorghum dibuat dengan teknologi ekstrusi menggunakan ekstruder ulir ganda. Hasil uji sensori secara keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan rempah campuran berpengaruh nyata (p <0,05) terhadap nasi beras analog yang dihasilkan. Panelis menyukai formula beras analog sorghum dengan penambahan 1 % rempah campuran. Beras analog sorghum dengan penambahan 1% rempah campuran memiliki kadar air 9,56 %, abu 0,72 %, lemak 0,53 %, protein 6,22 %, karbohidrat 92,53 %, amilosa 26,48 % dan serat pangan 6,67 %. Beras analog sorgum yang diperkaya dengan rempah campuran memiliki potensi sebagai pangan kaya serat.
Profil Permeabilitas Berdasarkan Struktur Morfologi Membran Polietersulfon pada Pemekatan Larutan Tokoferol (Permeability Profile based on Morphology Structure of Polyethersulfone Membrane on Concentrating the Tocopherol Solution)
Authors: Arahman Nasrul , Arifin Bastian , Razi Fachrul 
Published: February 2017

Separation technique by membrane technology has been widely applied for separation and purification of minor components from vegetable oil. Membrane was prepared and modified in several way in order to improve the filtration performance in purification process of vegetable oil. In this work, the filtration performance of three types of polyethersulfone hollow fiber membrane was investigated. The main objective of this research was to study the effect of membranes type on the filtration performance of tocopherol solution. Three series of filtration experiment were conducted by using fabricated membrane by dissolving of polyethersulfone (PES) in N-methyl pyrrolydone (NMP) with different polymer composition. The membranes was M1 = PES 20 % + NMP, M2 = PES 18 % + NMP, and M3= PES 20 %+ Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP 5 %) + NMP. The difference structure of membrans was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy measurement. The permeability profile of tocopherol solution of 500 ppm was observed by using a single module of hollow fiber membrane with filtration flow of pressure driven inside (PDI). It is shown that, the permeability of tocopherol solution was maximum and stable using PES membrane was composed by M3 system. Moreover, the improvement of tocopherol concentration in retentate solution was about two times higher than that the original solution that was obtained from filtration system of M1 membrane.ABSTRAKTeknik separasi dengan membran teknologi telah diaplikasikan secara luas untuk pemisahan dan pemurnian komponen minor dari minyak tumbuh-tumbuhan. Membran telah dibuat dan dimodifikasikan dengan berbagai cara untuk meningkatkan kinerja filtrasi pada proses pemurnian minyak tumbuh-tumbuhan. Pada penelitian ini, dipelajari kinerja filtrasi tiga jenis membran hollow fiber yang terbuat dari polimer polietersulfon. Tujuan utama penelitian adalah untuk melihat pengaruh jenis membran terhadap kinerja filtrasi larutan tokoferol. Tiga seri penelitian ultrafiltrasi telah dirancang dengan menggunakan membran yang dibuat dengan melarutkan polietersulfon (PES) dalam N-metil pirolidon (NMP) dengan komposisi polimer yang berbeda. Ketiga jenis membran yang digunakan adalah M1 = PES 20 % + NMP, M2 = PES 18 % + NMP, dan M3 = PES 20 % + Polivinil pirolidon (PVP 5 %) + NMP. Perbedaan struktur morfologi membran telah dikonfirmasikan dengan analisis scanning electron microscopy. Profil permeabilitas larutan tokoferol 500 ppm diobservasi menggunakan modul tunggal membran hollow fiber dengan tipe aliran pressure driven inside (PDI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permeabilitas larutan tokoferol tertinggi dihasilkan dengan menggunakan membran M3. Lebih lanjut, peningkatan konsentrasi larutan tokoferol sekitar dua kali lebih tinggi dari konsentrasi awal dicapai dari proses filtrasi dengan membran M1.
Efek Hipoglikemik Kecambah Beras Merah pada Tikus yang Diinduksi STZ-NA dengan Parameter Kadar Insulin, Indeks HOMA-IR dan HOMA β (Hypoglycemic Effect of Red Rice Germ on Insulin Levels, HOMA-IR, and HOMA β Index of STZ-NA Induced Rats)
Authors: Nurhidajah Nurhidajah , Nurrahman Nurrahman 
Published: February 2017

The process of germination of grains such as rice, could increase some nutritional values of amino acids and dietary fiber. Red rice and its sprouts are believed to be able to decrease blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of red rice sprouts in STZ-NA induced diabetic rats on blood glucose level, insulin level, and HOMA-IR and HOMA-β index. This experimental study was conducted based on randomized post test only control group design using 24 male Wistar rats aged 2.5 months. Rats were divided into 4 groups, one group without induction of STZ-NA fed with a standard diet (control) and three groups of STZ- NA induced with a standard diet, red rice and red rice germ. Experiments were conducted for 6 weeks. The results showed that sprouted red rice lowered blood glucose levels by 61.88 % and the value of HOMA-IR (insulin resistance parameters) by 56.82%. Insulin level increased by 16.35 % and HOMA-β by 763.6 %. This study showed that red rice germ was able to decrease blood glucose levels and increase insulin resistance of DM rats and the strength of the pancreatic beta cells. ABSTRAKProses perkecambahan biji-bijian seperti beras, dapat meningkatkan beberapa nilai gizi seperti asam amino dan serat pangan. Beras merah dan kecambahnya diyakini mampu menurunkan glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes melitus (DM). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi efek hipoglikemik kecambah beras merah pada tikus diabetes yang diinduksi STZ-NA terhadap kadar glukosa darah, insulin, serta indeks HOMA-IR dan HOMA β. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental in vivo pada hewan coba tikus Wistar jantan usia 2,5 bulan sebanyak 24 ekor dengan desain penelitian randomized post test only control group. Tikus dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, masing-masing 1 kelompok tanpa induksi STZ-NA dengan diet standar dan 3 kelompok diinduksi STZ-NA dengan diet standar, beras merah dan kecambah beras merah. Percobaan dilakukan selama 6 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kecambah beras merah mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah sebesar 61,88 % dan nilai HOMA-IR (parameter resistensi insulin) 56,82 %. Kadar insulin meningkat 16,35 % dan HOMA β 763,6 %. Disimpulkan, kecambah beras merah mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan memperbaiki kondisi resistensi insulin tikus DM, dan kekuatan sel beta pankreas.
Sifat Fisikokimia Tepung dari 10 Genotipe Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Hasil Pemuliaan (Physicochemical Properties of Cassava Flour (Manihot esculenta Crantz) of 10 Breeding Genotipes)
Authors: Rahmiati Tengku Mia , Purwanto Yohanes Aris , Budijanto Slamet , Khumaida Nurul 
Published: February 2017

The objectives of this study were to characterize and evaluate the physicochemical properties of 10 cassava breeding genotypes developed by cassava crop improvement of (Institut Pertanian Bogor) IPB research group. The physicochemical characterization was performed by measuring water content, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, pasta (pasting properties), starch total, amylose content, and whiteness. The results showed that each genotype has different chemical content and gelatinization properties. The highest water content (11.48 ± 0.12 %) was found in genotype V4D0 (variant genotype Malang 4), ash (1.83 ± 0.02 %) in V5D2 (1) (A variant of genotype Malang 4-1), fat (1.62 ± 0.93 %) and protein (4.73 ± 0.19 %) in V3D1 (1) (variant UJ 5-1). Genotype V1D1-1(1) (A variant of genotype Ratim-1) has the highest amylose (23.33 ± 0.04 %) and the lowest ones (13.13 ± 0.48 %) was found in genotype V2D1-1(3). Genotype V2D0 has the highest total starch (88.67 %) and the lowest (74.3%) was obtained in V5D2 (1). The highest whiteness value was measured in genotype V1D0 i.e. 93.13 %. For pasting properties testing, it was measured that genotype V2D1-1 (3) had the lowest peak viscosity i.e 4,006 cP and the high of end of viscosity occurred 2,592 cP in genotype V4D2-1 (2) (A variant of genotype Adira 4-1), were correlated with high amylose content owned flour is 22.03 ± 0.25%. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi dan mengevaluasi sifat fisikokimia 10 genotipe ubi kayu hasil pemuliaan team crop improvement ubi kayu Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB). Karakterisasi fisikokimia dilakukan dengan cara melakukan analisis kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, pasta (pasting properties), total pati, kadar amilosa, dan derajat putih. Dari hasil karakterisasi diperoleh bahwa setiap genotipe ubi kayu memiliki kandungan kimia dan sifat gelatinisasi yang berbeda-beda. Kadar air tertinggi dimiliki genotipe V4D0 (Genotipe Malang 4) 11,48 ± 0,12 % , kadar abu dan lemak tertinggi adalah genotipe (V5D2 (1) (Varian dari genotipe Malang 4-1) yaitu 1,83 % ± 0,02 dan 1,62 ± 0,93 % serta kadar protein tertinggi adalah V3D1 (1) (Varian UJ 5-1) 4,73 ± 0,19 %. Genotipe V1D1-1 (1) (Varian dari genotipe Jame-1) memiliki kadar amilosa tertinggi yaitu 23,33 ± 0,04 % sedangkan yang terendah dihasilkan oleh genotipe V2D1-1 (3) (Varian dari genotipe Ratim-1) yaitu 13,13 ± 0,48 %. Genotipe V2D1-1 (3) (Varian genotipe Ratim-1) memiliki viskositas puncak terendah yaitu 4.006 cP berkorelasi positif dengan kandungan amilosa paling rendah yang dimilikinya. Viskositas akhir yang tinggi terjadi pada genotipe V4D2-1(2) (Varian genotipe Adira 4-1) yaitu 2.592 cP yang berkorelasi dengan tingginya kandungan amilosa yang dimiliki tepung tersebut yaitu 22,03 ± 0,25 %.
Actividad de la hormiga Linepithema dispertitum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) a lo largo del día y en diferentes estados de inflorescencia de Heliconia rostrata (Heliconiaceae)
Authors: Gutiérrez Martínez Pablo R. 
Published: March 2017

Las hormigas son insectos eusociales, se encuentran en la mayoría de zonas zoogeográficas y son muy importantes en una serie de interacciones tróficas. El estudio se llevó a cabo en Costa Rica con una colonia de Linepithema dispertitum en la base de los pseudotallos de Heliconia rostrata. Con el propósito de conocer la relación y la actividad de la colonia en distintos momentos del día, su preferencia ante cinco estados de inflorescencia y conocer más sobre las interacciones entre la planta y la hormiga; se hicieron dos repeticiones de 255 conteos de hormigas presentes en inflorescencias de las 6:00h a las 24:00h, correspondiendo en cada repetición a 85 conteos en cada momento del día, y con 51 conteos en cada estado de inflorescencia. Para analizar los datos se realizaron pruebas no paramétricas de Kruskall-Wallis. Ambas repeticiones a pesar de tener diferencias significativas comparten características: los promedios de hormigas en las inflorescencias en cada momento del día fueron significativamente diferentes, por la mañana (el más bajo), la tarde (intermedio) y la noche (el más alto). Linepithema dispertitum además tuvo diferencias significativas en los estados de inflorescencia que visita, menos abundante en las inflorescencias cerradas y las que tienen brácteas marchitas; por otro lado los promedios más altos estaban en inflorescencias abiertas y sin brácteas marchitas, por tanto en las que había mayor disponibilidad de alimento.PALABRAS CLAVEAsociación trófica, brácteas, inflorescencia, Linepithema dispertitum, néctar.
Uso de modelos nulos para el estudio de comunidades de crustáceos zooplanctónicos de aguas continentales chilenas
Authors: De los Ríos-Escalante Patricio , Jara Jeanette , Norambuena Juan 
Published: March 2017

El zooplancton tiene una importante función en las cadenas tróficas de los ecosistemas lénticos, transfiriendo la energía de los productores primarios fotosintéticos hacia los niveles tróficos superiores. Las comunidades animales muestran un patrón de asociación, regulado por factores ambientales bióticos y/o abióticos, en el que las especies de encuentran organizadas en gremios, que utilizan un mismo tipo de recurso de manera similar, y a la vez enfrentando diversos gradientes bióticos y abióticos que afectan su comportamiento y adecuación biológica. Buscamos determinar la existencia de algún patrón regulador espacial o de aleatorización en la distribución espacial de los crustáceos zooplanctónicos de aguas continentales chilenas, cuya diversidad ambiental se ve reflejada en la composición de especies de crustáceos zooplanctónicos. Estudiamos 85 sitios, aplicando un modelo nulo para asociaciones de especies. La distribución espacial de estos crustáceos zooplanctónicos se encuentra establecida por patrones reguladores, lo cual concuerda con la literatura indicando un papel importante de las condiciones tróficas y de la conductividad como reguladores de la composición de especies. Estos resultados concuerdan con descripciones para lagos de Argentina y Nueva Zelanda.PALABRAS CLAVEZooplancton, oligotrofía, lagos, Patagonia, asociaciones de especies
Presencia del alga Chlamydomomas vesterbottnica (Chlamydomonadales: Chlamydomonadaceae) en los estanques de la planta de tratamiento de un relleno sanitario en Costa Rica
Authors: Scholz Carola , Villalobos Narcy 
Published: March 2017

Las algas que pertenecen al género Chlamydomonas tienen una distribución cosmopolita y muchas de ellas se reconocen por su capacidad de adaptarse a condiciones ambientales extremas. Estas inclusive se pueden encontrar en estanques que contienen aguas residuales de orígenes domésticos e industriales, los cuales pueden tener altos niveles de nutrientes y concentraciones de contaminantes orgánicos e inorgánicos. En este trabajo se reporta por primera vez en Costa Rica, la presencia de una especie de las algas verdes, Chlamydomonas vesterbottnica, encontrada en los estanques de la planta de tratamiento que recibe los lixiviados generados en el Relleno Sanitario de Los Mangos en Alajuela. La presencia de esta alga despierta un especial interés para buscar posibles aplicaciones biotecnológicas de aguas residuales en plantas de tratamientos.PALABRAS CLAVEMicroalgas, Chlamydomonas vesterbottnica Skuja, aguas residuales, rellenos sanitarios
Evaluation of surface water quality for human consumption potential in the upper reaches of Sis Icán, Guatemala
Authors: Chán Santisteban Milton Leonel , Peña Cordero Wagner 
Published: March 2017

In Guatemala 90 % of urban water has a rural origin and 70% of the sources are superficial. We selected three rivers of the upperbasin of Sis Icán (Chita, and Sacobá Ixconá-Sis; Pacific coast) to assesdrinking water. The watersheds have agriculture and livestock farms,as well as urban and rural populations. Water quality was assessed in the origin and end of each river, in 2012. The variables measured were:NO3, NO2 =, SO4 =, Fe, Cl, Mn, hardness, total coliforms and fecal coliforms.We applied the water pollution index, which is the average of the ratios between observed parameters and regulated standard values.We found statistically significant inputs for chemical and microbiological contaminants (total and fecal coliforms). The level of chemicalcontaminants does not compromise the quality of water for human consumption, but the biological contamination does.
Yearly nematode population variation in Stargrass, Tannergrass, Smutgrass and Setariagrass in Alajuela, Costa Rica
Authors: WingChing-Jones Rodolfo , Salazar Figueroa Luis 
Published: March 2017

Nematode populations can affect productivity in cattle grasslands.Every 30 days from January 2004 to January 2005 we measured nematodepopulations in grass rhizospheres in northeastern Costa Rica.The substrate, sampling moment, and their interaction, were significant factors in the populations (p<0,05). We found Pratylenchus sp.,Helicotylenchus sp., Tylenchus sp. and non-parasitic nematodes (1,02;2,36, 1,28 y 3,87 log10 N° nematodes per 100g of roots respectively)in Stargrass throughout the year. Criconemella sp., Hemicycliophorasp., Ditylenchus sp. and Xiphinema sp. were occasionally identified. In Smutgrass, Meloidogyne sp., Pratylenchus sp., Paratylenchus sp and non-parasitic nematodes were identified (2,56; 2,51; 3,47 y 3,53 log10 N° nematodes per 100g of roots respectively).The size of plant-arasitic nematode populations in the roots was surprisingly high. We also found Pratylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp. and non-parasitic nematodes in Setariagrass roots, with densities of 2,92, 2,02 and 3,57 log10 N° nematodes per 100g respectively. Finally, in Tannergrass, Pratylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp. and non-parasitic nematodes were present (3,99; 1,47 and 3,79 log10 N°. nematodes roots 100g respectively).
induction in oil palm Elaeis guineensis for renewal (Arecales: Arecaceae) through herbicide mixtures
Authors: Garbanzo León Gabriel 
Published: March 2017

Oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq, is one of the crops with the greater development and expansion at the commercial level, thanks to its high productivity of oilseed and low maintenance costs. The expansion of oil palm is of utmost importance for the agricultural sector and many small and medium producers generate resources that sustain poor rural areas. I evaluated the effect of senescence on palm used for renovation, with various herbicides and mixtures, in Río Claro, Costa Rica. The palms were injected mixtures of Glyphosate (30-40 mL), methyl metsulfuron (10-15 mL), Glyphosate (30 mL) with Plicoran (20 mL), Glyfosate 45 mL, methyl metsulfuron (30 mL), plicloran (40 ml) and MSMA (75 ml). All were mixed with water to a volume of 200 mL and compared with 150 mL of MSMA. The percentage of dry leaves was evaluated using scales of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% at 8, 22, 55 and 105 days after application. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with eight treatments and four replications. It was found that the herbicide MSMA had a greater affect at 8 and 22 days compared to all other treatments. However, it had similar effect as mixtures and glyphosate at 55 and 105 daa. On the other hand, the palms had tolerance to Metsulfuron methyl that inhibits the acetolactase synthase enzyme and to Plicoram that affects cell growth at the doses tested. Mixtures with water can reduce up to 50% the MSMA dose in plant death.
Biomass and activity soil microorganisms in grazing and secondary forests areasA
Authors: WingChing-Jones Rodolfo , Uribe Lorío Lidieth 
Published: March 2017

Sustainable livestock production generates benefits for the environment, such as water capture, increased biodiversity and carbon dioxide capture. To measure these factors in a tropical setting, in 2007 we took three samples of a milk production system in Turrialba, Cartago, Costa Rica, in areas with permanent African Star grass cover (under grazing) and a secondary forest with 15 years of regeneration. We estimated carbon content in the microbial biomass, microbial activity (breathing technique), carbon usage profile (BIOLOG ECOPLATES®) and functional diversity of microorganisms (Shannon index). Biomass carbon in the pasture was 3,3 times higher than in the forest, but microbial activity was similar. Carbon use rate ranged from 22,22 to 85,19% in the pasture (higher in the forest: 29,63 to 92,59%). In both areas growth correlated with incubation time, but the forest had more biodiversity. Pasture areas are favored by carbon deposition to the rhizosphere, while the variety of vegetation in the forest allows greater functional diversity in the use of carbon substrates.