bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hardening Stratum, the Bitcoin Pool Mining Protocol
Authors: Recabarren Ruben , Carbunar Bogdan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Stratum, the de-facto mining communication protocol used by blockchain based cryptocurrency systems, enables miners to reliably and efficiently fetch jobs from mining pool servers. In this paper we exploit Stratum’s lack of encryption to develop passive and active attacks on Bitcoin’s mining protocol, with important implications on the privacy, security and even safety of mining equipment owners. We introduce StraTap and ISP Log attacks, that infer miner earnings if given access to miner communications, or even their logs. We develop BiteCoin, an active attack that hijacks shares submitted by miners, and their associated payouts. We build BiteCoin on WireGhost, a tool we developed to hijack and surreptitiously maintain Stratum connections. Our attacks reveal that securing Stratum through pervasive encryption is not only undesirable (due to large overheads), but also ineffective: an adversary can predict miner earnings even when given access to only packet timestamps. Instead, we devise Bedrock, a minimalistic Stratum extension that protects the privacy and security of mining participants. We introduce and leverage the mining cookie concept, a secret that each miner shares with the pool and includes in its puzzle computations, and that prevents attackers from reconstructing or hijacking the puzzles.
We have implemented our attacks and collected 138MB of Stratum protocol traffic from mining equipment in the US and Venezuela. We show that Bedrock is resilient to active attacks even when an adversary breaks the crypto constructs it uses. Bedrock imposes a daily overhead of 12.03s on a single pool server that handles mining traffic from 16,000 miners.
Detecting Anti Ad-blockers in the Wild
Authors: Mughees Muhammad Haris , Qian Zhiyun , Shafiq Zubair 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The rise of ad-blockers is viewed as an economic threat by online publishers who primarily rely on online advertising to monetize their services. To address this threat, publishers have started to retaliate by employing anti ad-blockers, which scout for ad-block users and react to them by pushing users to whitelist the website or disable ad-blockers altogether. The clash between ad-blockers and anti ad-blockers has resulted in a new arms race on the Web. In this paper, we present an automated machine learning based approach to identify anti ad-blockers that detect and react to ad-block users. The approach is promising with precision of 94.8% and recall of 93.1%. Our automated approach allows us to conduct a large-scale measurement study of anti ad-blockers on Alexa top-100K websites. We identify 686 websites that make visible changes to their page content in response to ad-block detection. We characterize the spectrum of different strategies used by anti ad-blockers. We find that a majority of publishers use fairly simple first-party anti ad-block scripts. However, we also note the use of third-party anti ad-block services that use more sophisticated tactics to detect and respond to ad-blockers.
Palatalisation in Dublin Irish, or How to Speak Irish with a Dublin Accent
Authors: Snesareva Marina 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper focuses on palatalisation in Irish spoken by Dublin-based bilinguals with English as their first language. As opposed to previous researches in Irish phonetics and phonology, this study examines new speakers of Irish, whose speech was recorded in November 2014. All informants were born and raised in Dublin, lived either in the city or in the neighbouring counties and demonstrated sufficient fluency in Irish, i.e. had no problems with reading, could actively participate in conversation and give detailed answers without switching to English. Computer analysis of their data has shown that even though in traditional Irish dialects palatalisation is not position-bound, there is a correlation between palatalisation of a consonant and its neighbouring vowel quality in the speech of Dublin bilingualsdue to English influence andother factors.
Spectrally Perron Polynomials and the Cauchy-Ostrovsky Theorem
Authors: Paparella Pietro 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this note, we simplify the statements of theorems attributed to Cauchy and Ostrovsky and give proofs of each theorem via combinatorial and nonnegative matrix theory. We also show that each simple sufficient condition in each statement is also necessary in its respective case. In addition, we introduce the notion of a spectrally Perron polynomial and pose a problem that appeals to a wide mathematical audience.
Insight into the Fulnek Church and Parish Medieval Building Chronology
Authors: Augustinková Lucie , Klima Alice 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The church of the Holy Trinity and parish in Fulnek was for nearly four centuries an Augustinian canonry and collegiate church (1293-1389). The medieval church and parish building chronology, however, have not been thus far established. From research between 2015 and 2016 we have been able to identify medieval portions of the buildings, clarify the site medieval construction phases and date the parish buildings (formerly the canonry) from dendrochronological analysis of embedded wooden scaffolding.
Optimization of Single-Layer Braced Domes
Authors: Grzywiński Maksym 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The paper deals with discussion of optimization problem in civil engineering structural space design. Minimization of mass should satisfy the limit state capacity and serviceability conditions. The cross-sectional areas of bars and structural dimensions are taken as design variables. Variables are used in the form of continuous and discrete. The analysis is done using the Structural and Design of Experiments modules of Ansys Workbench v17.2. As result of the method a mass reduction of 46,6 % is achieved.
Estimating Design Resistance of Wrought Balcony Girders
Authors: Jung Karel , Marková Jana , Sýkora Miroslav 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The contribution is focused on reliability of balcony girders of a Czech national heritage monument. As preliminary reliability assessment suggests insufficient resistance, a series of nondestructive tests supplemented by a single tensile test are performed and evaluated by the statistical methods. Values of material properties, recommended in standards for historic materials, seem to be overly conservative and it is advised to specify properties of historic metallic materials by tests.
Sustainability of Street Space in Built-Up Territory in the Case of Barrier-Free Use
Authors: Kocurová Petra , Bílková Alžběta 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The street space is perceived as the multi-element dynamic public space. A diverse group of users with the often conflicting requirements is intertwined with it. To ensure the adequate utilization and hence its sustainability, it is essential to predict these claims for the future users in the already designed public spaces. However, in the already built-up area these tools reduce problems and increase the functionality of a limited area. The recovery by the creation of a functionally stable environment (safety, clarity, accessibility, attractiveness) for all user groups in urban settlements and creates a pleasant place to stay, work, live and relax. One of the risky groups with the specific requirements for the use of a public space are the people with limited mobility. This group is often physically or mentally disadvantaged in the comparison to the others. In the solution of a street area we have to deal with structural modifications to ensure an independent movement and orientation, for people with limited mobility or vision. Especially for blind and partially sighted people it is necessary to know and respect the principles and techniques of a spatial orientation. The environment which is created by construction has to produce information in sufficient quantities and quality adequate, so that street space is seen as a collection of various points, lines and characters for visually impaired people who would choose the indicatively important phenomena. The rules of barrier-free use, although legally binding, are in many cases incorrectly applied in practice. Nescience of these principles, their poor application and intensity of spatial orientation in urban environment often leads to disorientation for these users, the feeling of psychological isolation and often to the accidents. The article focuses on solving the existing street space in cities in a relation to the barrier-free use.
Probability and Sensitivity Nonlinear Analysis of the Hermetic Cover of Main Shut-off Valve under Extreme Pressure and Temperature
Authors: Králik Juraj 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper describes the probabilistic nonlinear analysis of the containment hermetic cover of main shut-off valve (MSV) under an extreme internal overpressure and temperature. The scenario of the hard accident in NPP and the methodology of the calculation of the fragility curve of the failure overpressure using the probabilistic safety assessment PSA 2 level are presented. The elasto-plastic behavior of steel material dependent on temperature was considered in software ANSYS. The method of central composite design sampling (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to probability and sensitivity analysis of the hermetic cover reliability.
Shrinkage, Weight Loss and Fracture Parameters of Selected Polymer-Modified Cement Mortars During Ageing
Authors: Kucharczyková Barbara , Šimonová Hana , Keršner Zbyněk , Kocáb Dalibor 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Results of pilot experiments focused on monitoring of shrinkage, weight loss and mechanical fracture properties of two selected polymer-modified cement mortars (PCM) during their aging are presented in the paper. Comparison of the measurement results was carried out on the test specimens at the age of 3, 28, and 90 days. The results show that even the specimens made from PCMs, for which the manufacturer declares no shrinkage, shrank considerably. The results also show that the development of mechanical fracture parameters during ageing of these materials differs from generally expected trends and thus the monitoring of these parameters is recommended.
On the Influence of the Interaction Laws of a Dynamical Particle System for Sample Optimization
Authors: Mašek Jan , Vořechovský Miroslav 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The presented paper investigates the effect of the formulation of the energy potential of a dynamical particle system used for the optimization of statistical point sampling. The dynamical particle system, originally developed as a physical analogy to the Audze-Eglajs (AE) optimization criterion and its periodical modification (PAE), effectively demonstrated that the originally proposed energy potential performs well only in poorly applicable scenarios featuring low-dimensional design domains filled with a rather high number of design points. A remedy is presented which involves a refined formulation of the energy potential, as well as its derivation. The reasoning behind this approach is also dealt with in detail.
Uncertainty in Crack width Estimates According to Fib Model Code 2010
Authors: Mlčoch Jan , Marková Jana , Sýkora Miroslav 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The contribution is focused on quantifying model uncertainty of crack width estimates for reinforced concrete beams. Predictions obtained by the model provided by the fib Model Code 2010 are compared with results of tests of beams having different longitudinal and shear reinforcement ratios and concrete cover. Trends of model uncertainty with basic variables are investigated.
Análise de laudos periciais correspondentes a vítimas de estupro em Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Paulino Renata Di Martini , Conceição Thelma da Silva , Decanine Daniele 
Published: July 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma análise comparativa de laudos oriundos do Instituto de Análise Laboratoriais Forense – IALF, pertencente à Coordenadoria Geral de Perícia do Mato Grosso do Sul em Campo Grande, a fim de observar a presença de vestígio de esperma encontrado nas vestimentas e nas coletas realizadas por meio de suabes de vítimas de estupro. Foram analisados 895 laudos do período de 2012 a 2015. Os testes estatísticos foram realizados por meio do programa Graphpad Prism 6.0 e os resultados expressos pela diferença entre as médias. A percentagem de amostras positivas oriundas dos exames realizados apenas nas vestes foi estatisticamente significante em relação aos exames realizados nos suabes (p = 0,0063), bem como os outros locais de coleta (p = 0,0031). As coletas realizadas por suabes foram as que apresentaram menor positividade para a presença de esperma, demonstrando que muito embora seja o método de coleta mais utilizado, ele não seria o mais indicado para a recuperação do material biológico. Todavia, embora tenha sido possível avaliar um número maior de amostras positivas quando havia laudo conjunto de vestes e suabes, estes não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante quando comparado às amostras de suabes sozinhas (p = 0,0528). Diante das análises, podemos concluir que o suabe sozinho não apresenta uma boa perspectiva de recuperação dos fluidos seminais. Desta forma, recomenda-se que nos casos de crimes sexuais, as vítimas, sempre que possível, devem se submeter ao exame de corpo de delito, apresentando as vestes que utilizava no momento do fato.
Croatian as a Second Language – Faculty of Teacher Education Students' Views / Hrvatski kao nematerinski jezik – recepcija studenata Učiteljskog fakulteta
Authors: Turza-Bogdan Tamara , Cvikić Lidija , Svetec Marta 
Published: July 2017

AbstractToday Međimurje County has some 11,000 inhabitants belonging to the Roma national minority, with about 1,400 Roma pupils attending primary education and amounting up to 13% of the pupils in Međimurje (http://www.medjimurska-zupanija.hr/najnovije/u-predskolu-krenula-nova-generacija-ucenika-roma).Research in language and education shows that Roma pupils have insufficient or no knowledge of the Croatian language upon their enrolment into primary school. This makes it difficult for them to attend regular classes (Cvikić, 2007; Cvikić & Petroska, 2013; Turza-Bogdan & Ciglar, 2010). The education of the pupils at such an early age depends heavily on their teachers’ competences; most of all the linguistic and teaching competences. We set out to investigate the attitudes of the Faculty of Teacher Education students on the issue of the education of Roma pupils that is carried out in Croatian, which is their second language. To investigate the issue we presented primary and preschool education students with a questionnaire prepared for the purposes of the study. The responses of the selected sample of students present their opinions and attitudes on the education of the Roma pupils, and point to the necessary increase in the future teachers’ linguistic and teaching competences.We conclude by presenting some options to improve the quality of education of primary and preschool teachers with respect to the acquisition of Croatian as a second or foreign language as its crucial element. Key words: Croatian as a second language; Roma national minority.---SažetakU Međimurskoj županiji živi oko 11 000 pripadnika romske nacionalne manjine, a oko 1 400 učenika Roma nalazi se u sustavu osnovnoškolskog obrazovanja, što čini 13 % školske populacije Međimurja (http://www.medjimurska-zupanija.hr/najnovije/u-predskolu-krenula-nova-generacija-ucenika-roma). Učenicima romske nacionalne manjine hrvatski nije materinski jezik. Lingvistička i obrazovna istraživanja pokazuju da prilikom dolaska u školu romski učenici ne znaju ili nedovoljno znaju jezik, što im otežava praćenje cjelokupne nastave (Cvikić, 2007, Cvikić i Petroska, 2013, Turza-Bogdan i Ciglar, 2010). Način obrazovanja tih učenika u mlađoj školskoj dobi ovisi o učiteljskim kompetencijama, posebice jezičnoj i metodičkoj. Zanimalo nas je mišljenje studenata Učiteljskog fakulteta o problematici obrazovanja romskih učenika na hrvatskom kao nematerinskom jeziku. Proveden je anketni upitnik među studentima učiteljskog i odgojiteljskog studija. Odabrani studentski uzorak pokazuje mišljenje i recepciju, ali ukazuje i na mogućnosti povećanja jezičnih i metodičkih kompetencija budućih učitelja. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata predlažu se mogućnosti poboljšanja kvalitete obrazovanja učitelja i odgojitelja u odnosu na važan segment usvajanja hrvatskoga kao inoga jezika.Ključne riječi: hrvatski kao nematerinski jezik; romska nacionalna manjina.
Što, Kaj, Ča (Kajkavian Part of the System: Narration) / Što, kaj, ča (Kajkavski dio sustava: Naracija)
Authors: Kovač Emilija 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe paper investigated the relation between the modern and the traditional discourses in the area that is geographically determined as an outskirt and in which (more) affirmative aptness to tradition is taken for granted. The dynamics of generational and area/sociological (dis)continuities lead to multiple cultural gaps, which in turn generates new ways of shaping both the cultural environment and the ways of distinctive performances within it. The Kajkavian artistic expression has been shaped as (post)modern and current in terms of poetics although it frequently appears to be subdued and tacit within the works of the Croatian literature. By means of a comparative-analytical method, the paper detected the forms of correlations of the relevant part of the recent Kajkavian production with both the traditional and the modern discourse types.Key words: imagology; intermediality; postmodern; tradition ---SažetakU radu se preispituje odnos modernog i tradicijskog izričaja u prostoru geografski definiranom kao periferija, za koji se podrazumijeva afirmativn(ij)a okrenutost tradiciji. Dinamika generacijskih i prostorno-socioloških (dis)kontinuiteta dovodi do višestrukih kulturoloških rascjepa, što generira nove načine profiliranja kulturne scene, a time i načine djelovanja. Kajkavski umjetnički izričaj profilira se kao (post)moderan i poetički aktualan, no često je nevidljiv i prešućivan unutar korpusa hrvatske književnosti. Komparativno-analitičkom metodom rad detektira oblike suodnošenja relevantnog dijela recentne kajkavske narativne produkcije i prema tradicijskom i prema modernom tipu diskursa.Ključne riječi: imagologija; intermedijalnost; postmoderno; tradicija.
French Children's Literature and Introduction to Reading Skills/Francuska dječja književnost i uvođenje u vještinu čitanja
Authors: Šarić Iva , Nell Vidatić Renata 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIt is well known that literary texts used in teaching (both of mother tongue and foreign languages) allow the learners to develop all four language skills. Regarding the foreign languages, CEFR anticipates reading of original literary texts only at C1 and C2 levels. This paper will present the research carried out in a small and heterogeneous group (by age and by prior leaning) of preschool- and school-aged children, who were introduced to reading skills in the French language classes, for which a special teaching method was devised. The starting point of classes was based on the original children’s literature texts and informal learning stemming from everyday activities connected to family or leisure, with special accent on play, particularly because of its positive effects on children’s motivation for reading. From the teacher’s perspective, special attention was paid to the selection of children’s literature texts (with the objective not only to introduce the dominant literary, linguistic and cultural codes to the learners but also to develop a sense of relevance and joy while reading), and establishing learning objectives and outcomes. The issued evaluations showed that the classes which closely connect the decoding of text on grapho-phonemic level to literary texts and its understanding while relying on ludic activities allow the learners to acquire expected competences at a high level.Key words: French language; informal learning; ludic activities. --- SažetakKnjiževnoumjetnički tekst primijenjen u nastavi (kako materinskog, tako i inog) jezika, poznato je, omogućuje učenicima razvoj svih četiriju jezičnih vještina. Što se pak inih jezika tiče, ZEROJ predviđa čitanje izvornih književnoumjetničkih tekstova tek na razinama C1 i C2. U ovom će radu biti prikazno istraživanje provedeno nad malom i izrazito heterogenom skupinom (i po dobi, i po predznanju) predškolske i osnovnoškolske djece koju se uvodilo u vještinu čitanja na francuskom jeziku, što je zahtijevalo osmišljavanje posebne metode poučavanja. Polazište za nastavu bili su izvorni tekstovi dječje književnosti, a učenje informalno, dakle proizašlo iz svakodnevnih aktivnosti povezanih s obitelji ili sa slobodnim vremenom, pri čemu je poseban naglasak stavljen na igru, nadasve zbog njezina pozitivnog utjecaja na dječju motivaciju za čitanje. S nastavničke je strane pak posebna pozornost posvećena odabiru tekstova dječje književnosti (ne samo kako bi se učenike uvelo u dominantne književne, lingvističke i kulturalne kodove već i razvio osjećaj relevantnosti i veselja prilikom čitanja), kao i određivanju ciljeva i ishoda učenja. Provedene evaluacije pokazale su da nastava koja dešifiranje teksta na grafo-fonemskoj razini tijesno veže uz književnoumjetnički tekst i njegovo razumijevanje, pritom se oslanjajući na ludičke aktivnosti, omogućuje da učenici steknu očekivane kompetencije na visokoj razini.Ključne riječi: francuski jezik; informalno učenje; ludičke aktivnosti.
Foliar biomass production and litterfall pattern of five timber species in forest plantations of semi-arid lands of the northeastern Mexico
Authors: Ngangyo-Heya Maginot , Foroughbakhch-Pournavab Rahim , Carrillo-Parra Artemio , Salas-Cruz Lidia Rosaura , Alvarado-Vazquez Marco Antonio , Bustamante-García Verónica 
Published: July 2017

Background: Fodder shrubs and trees have both economic as well as ecological values in most extensive systems of arid and semiarid regions.
Hypothesis: The litterfall represents an important way in maintaining the productivity of these ecosystems, and we hypothesized that its production pattern is related to the foliar biomass production, associated with seasons and species.
Studied species: Acacia berlandieri, Acacia wrightii, Ebenopsis ebano, Havardia pallens and Helietta parvifolia .
Study site and years of study: The foliar biomass was evaluated seasonally, from the dry weight of a representative branch of each species. The litterfall was collected every 15 days through litter traps installed under tree canopies, in experimental plantations of 30 years old, in the semi-arid zone of northeastern Mexico.
Results: The foliar biomass values showed highly significant differences (P< 0.01) among species as well as seasons, whereas leaf litter values presented highly significant differences (P< 0.01) among seasons but not (P> 0.05) among species. The maximum foliar biomass production was registered in summer by E. ebano (9,029 kg ha-1), while the lowest value (103 kg ha-1) was recorded in winter by A. wrightii . The greatest leaf litter accumulation was observed in winter (296 kg ha-1) by A. wrightii , and the lower value was recorded in spring, by E. ebano (97 kg ha-1). A significant linear correlation (R2= 68,79 %) was determined between accumulation of leaf litter and foliar biomass production in autumn.
Concluisions: As conclusion, the leaf litter pattern can be related to the foliar biomass production, depending on the seasons and species. That constitutes a practical tool for the management of the forest ecosystems in semiarid areas.