bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATIONS OF ROTATING RADIO TRANSIENTS WITH THE FIRST STATION OF THE LONG WAVELENGTH ARRAY
Authors: Taylor G. B. , Stovall K. , McCrackan M. , McLaughlin M. A. , Miller R. , Karako-Argaman C. , Dowell J. , Schinzel F. K. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Rotating radio transients (RRATs) are a subclass of pulsars first identified in 2006 that are detected only in searches for single pulses and not through their time averaged emission. Here, we present the results of observations of 19 RRATs using the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA1) at frequencies between 30 and 88 MHz. The RRATs observed here were first detected in higher frequency pulsar surveys. Of the 19 RRATs observed, two sources were detected and their dispersion measures, periods, pulse profiles, and flux densities are reported and compared to previous higher frequency measurements. We find a low detection rate (11%), which could be a combination of the lower sensitivity of LWA1 compared to higher frequency telescopes, and the result of scattering by the interstellar medium or a spectral turnover.
FIRST NuSTAR OBSERVATIONS OF THE BL LAC-TYPE BLAZAR PKS 2155-304: CONSTRAINTS ON THE JET CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATING PARTICLES
Authors: Madejski G. M. , Nalewajko K. , Madsen K. K. , Chiang J. , Baloković M. , Paneque D. , Furniss A. K. , Hayashida M. , Urry C. M. , Sikora M. , Ajello M. , Blandford R. D. , Harrison F. A. , Sanchez D. , Giebels B. , Stern D. , Alexander D. M. , Barret D. , Boggs S. E. , Christensen F. E. , Craig W. W. , Forster K. , Giommi P. , Grefenstette B. , Hailey C. , Hornstrup A. , Kitaguchi T. , Koglin J. E. , Mao P. H. , Miyasaka H. , Mori K. , Perri M. , Pivovaroff M. J. , Puccetti S. , Rana V. , Westergaard N. J. , Zhang W. W. , Zoglauer A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the first hard X-ray observations with NuSTAR of the BL Lac-type blazar PKS 2155-304, augmented with soft X-ray data from XMM-Newton and γ-ray data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope, obtained in 2013 April when the source was in a very low flux state. A joint NuSTAR and XMM spectrum, covering the energy range 0.5–60 keV, is best described by a model consisting of a log-parabola component with curvature

and a (local) photon index 3.04 ± 0.15 at photon energy of 2 keV, and a hard power-law tail with photon index 2.2 ± 0.4. The hard X-ray tail can be smoothly joined to the quasi-simultaneous γ-ray spectrum by a synchrotron self-Compton component produced by an electron distribution with index p = 2.2. Assuming that the power-law electron distribution extends down to γ
min = 1 and that there is one proton per electron, an unrealistically high total jet power of L
p ∼ 1047 erg s−1 is inferred. This can be reduced by two orders of magnitude either by considering a significant presence of electron–positron pairs with lepton-to-proton ratio

, or by introducing an additional, low-energy break in the electron energy distribution at the electron Lorentz factor γ
br1 ∼ 100. In either case, the jet composition is expected to be strongly matter-dominated.
PS1-14bj: A HYDROGEN-POOR SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVA WITH A LONG RISE AND SLOW DECAY
Authors: Lunnan R. , Chornock R. , Berger E. , Milisavljevic D. , Jones D. O. , Rest A. , Fong W. , Fransson C. , Margutti R. , Drout M. R. , Blanchard P. K. , Challis P. , Cowperthwaite P. S. , Foley R. J. , Kirshner R. P. , Morrell N. , Riess A. G. , Roth K. C. , Scolnic D. , Smartt S. J. , Smith K. W. , Villar V. A. , Chambers K. C. , Draper P. W. , Huber M. E. , Kaiser N. , Kudritzki R.-P. , Magnier E. A. , Metcalfe N. , Waters C. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We present photometry and spectroscopy of PS1-14bj, a hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN) at redshift z = 0.5215 discovered in the last months of the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey. PS1-14bj stands out because of its extremely slow evolution, with an observed rise of

rest-frame days, and exponential decline out to ∼250 days past peak at a measured rate of

, consistent with fully trapped 56Co decay. This is the longest rise time measured in an SLSN to date, and the first SLSN to show a rise time consistent with pair-instability supernova (PISN) models. Compared to other slowly evolving SLSNe, it is spectroscopically similar to the prototype SN 2007bi at maximum light, although lower in luminosity (

) and with a flatter peak than previous events. PS1-14bj shows a number of peculiar properties, including a near-constant color temperature for

days past peak, and strong emission lines from [O iii] λ5007 and [O iii] λ4363 with a velocity width of ∼3400 km s−1 in its late-time spectra. These both suggest there is a sustained source of heating over very long timescales, and are incompatible with a simple 56Ni-powered/PISN interpretation. A modified magnetar model including emission leakage at late times can reproduce the light curve, in which case the blue continuum and [O iii] features are interpreted as material heated and ionized by the inner pulsar wind nebula becoming visible at late times. Alternatively, the late-time heating could be due to interaction with a shell of H-poor circumstellar material.
MODELING DUST EVOLUTION IN GALAXIES WITH A MULTIPHASE, INHOMOGENEOUS ISM
Authors: Zhukovska Svitlana , Dobbs Clare , Jenkins Edward B. , Klessen Ralf S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We develop a model of dust evolution in a multiphase, inhomogeneous interstellar medium (ISM) using hydrodynamical simulations of giant molecular clouds in a Milky Way–like spiral galaxy. We improve the treatment of dust growth by accretion in the ISM to investigate the role of the temperature-dependent sticking coefficient and ion–grain interactions. From detailed observational data on the gas-phase Si abundances

measured in the local Galaxy, we derive a relation between the average

and the local gas density

that we use as a critical constraint for the models. This relation requires a sticking coefficient that decreases with the gas temperature. The relation predicted by the models reproduces the slope of −0.5 for the observed relation in cold clouds, which is steeper than that for the warm medium and is explained by dust growth. We find that growth occurs in the cold medium for all adopted values of the minimum grain size a
min from 1 to 5 nm. For the classical cutoff of

, the Coulomb repulsion results in slower accretion and higher

than the observed values. For

, the Coulomb interactions enhance the growth rate, steepen the slope of the

–

relation, and provide a better match to observations. The rates of dust re-formation in the ISM by far exceed the rates of dust production by stellar sources. After the initial 140 Myr, the cycle of matter in and out of dust reaches a steady state, in which the dust growth balances the destruction on a similar timescale of 350 Myr.
Therapeutic Targeting of the G-CSF Receptor Reduces Neutrophil Trafficking and Joint Inflammation in Antibody-Mediated Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Campbell Ian K. , Leong David , Edwards Kirsten M. , Rayzman Veronika , Ng Milica , Goldberg Gabrielle L. , Wilson Nicholas J. , Scalzo-Inguanti Karen , Mackenzie-Kludas Charley , Lawlor Kate E. , Wicks Ian P. , Brown Lorena E. , Baz Morelli Adriana , Panousis Con , Wilson Michael J. , Nash Andrew D. , McKenzie Brent S. , Andrews Arna E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractG-CSF is a hemopoietic growth factor that has a role in steady state granulopoiesis, as well as in mature neutrophil activation and function. G-CSF– and G-CSF receptor–deficient mice are profoundly protected in several models of rheumatoid arthritis, and Ab blockade of G-CSF also protects against disease. To further investigate the actions of blocking G-CSF/G-CSF receptor signaling in inflammatory disease, and as a prelude to human studies of the same approach, we developed a neutralizing mAb to the murine G-CSF receptor, which potently antagonizes binding of murine G-CSF and thereby inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation and G-CSF receptor signaling. Anti–G-CSF receptor rapidly halted the progression of established disease in collagen Ab-induced arthritis in mice. Neutrophil accumulation in joints was inhibited, without rendering animals neutropenic, suggesting an effect of G-CSF receptor blockade on neutrophil homing to inflammatory sites. Consistent with this, neutrophils in the blood and arthritic joints of anti–G-CSF receptor–treated mice showed alterations in cell adhesion receptors, with reduced CXCR2 and increased CD62L expression. Furthermore, blocking neutrophil trafficking with anti–G-CSF receptor suppressed local production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) and chemokines (KC, MCP-1) known to drive tissue damage. Differential gene expression analysis of joint neutrophils showed a switch away from an inflammatory phenotype following anti–G-CSF receptor therapy in collagen Ab-induced arthritis. Importantly, G-CSF receptor blockade did not adversely affect viral clearance during influenza infection in mice. To our knowledge, we describe for the first time the effect of G-CSF receptor blockade in a therapeutic model of inflammatory joint disease and provide support for pursuing this therapeutic approach in treating neutrophil-associated inflammatory diseases.
Mast Cells Limit the Exacerbation of Chronic Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Response to Repeated Allergen Exposure
Authors: Gimenez-Rivera Vladimir-Andrey , Siebenhaar Frank , Zimmermann Carolin , Siiskonen Hanna , Metz Martin , Maurer Marcus 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis is a chronic T cell–driven inflammatory skin disease that is caused by repeated exposure to contact allergens. Based on murine studies of acute contact hypersensitivity, mast cells (MCs) are believed to play a role in its pathogenesis. The role of MCs in chronic allergic contact dermatitis has not been investigated, in part because of the lack of murine models for chronic contact hypersensitivity. We developed and used a chronic contact hypersensitivity model in wild-type and MC-deficient mice and assessed skin inflammatory responses to identify and characterize the role of MCs in chronic allergic contact dermatitis. Ear swelling chronic contact hypersensitivity responses increased markedly, up to 4-fold, in MC-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh (Sash) and MCPT5-Cre+iDTR+ mice compared with wild-type mice. Local engraftment with MCs protected Sash mice from exacerbated ear swelling after repeated oxazolone challenge. Chronic contact hypersensitivity skin of Sash mice exhibited elevated levels of IFN-γ, IL-17α, and IL-23, as well as increased accumulation of Ag-specific IFN-γ–producing CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells. The CD8+ T cell mitogen IL-15, which was increased in oxazolone-challenged skin of Sash mice during the accumulation of cutaneous TRM cells, was efficiently degraded by MCs in vitro. MCs protect from the exacerbated allergic skin inflammation induced by repeated allergen challenge, at least in part, via effects on CD8+ TRM cells. MCs may notably influence the course of chronic allergic contact dermatitis. A better understanding of their role and the underlying mechanisms may lead to better approaches for the treatment of this common, disabling, and costly condition.
PTPN22 Is a Critical Regulator of Fcγ Receptor–Mediated Neutrophil Activation
Authors: Vermeren Sonja , Miles Katherine , Chu Julia Y. , Salter Donald , Zamoyska Rose , Gray Mohini 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Neutrophils act as a first line of defense against bacterial and fungal infections, but they are also important effectors of acute and chronic inflammation. Genome-wide association studies have established that the gene encoding the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22) makes an important contribution to susceptibility to autoimmune disease, notably rheumatoid arthritis. Although PTPN22 is most highly expressed in neutrophils, its function in these cells remains poorly characterized. We show in this article that neutrophil effector functions, including adhesion, production of reactive oxygen species, and degranulation induced by immobilized immune complexes, were reduced in Ptpn22−/− neutrophils. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Lyn and Syk was altered in Ptpn22−/− neutrophils. On stimulation with immobilized immune complexes, Ptpn22−/− neutrophils manifested reduced activation of key signaling intermediates. Ptpn22−/− mice were protected from immune complex–mediated arthritis, induced by the transfer of arthritogenic serum. In contrast, in vivo neutrophil recruitment following thioglycollate-induced peritonitis and in vitro chemotaxis were not affected by lack of PTPN22. Our data suggest an important role for PTPN22-dependent dephosphorylation events, which are required to enable full FcγR-induced activation, pointing to an important role for this molecule in neutrophil function.
Suppression of IRAK1 or IRAK4 Catalytic Activity, but Not Type 1 IFN Signaling, Prevents Lupus Nephritis in Mice Expressing a Ubiquitin Binding–Defective Mutant of ABIN1
Authors: Nanda Sambit K. , Lopez-Pelaez Marta , Arthur J. Simon C. , Marchesi Francesco , Cohen Philip 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Polymorphisms in the TNIP1 gene encoding A20-binding inhibitor of NF-κB1 (ABIN1) predispose to lupus and other autoimmune diseases in at least eight human populations. We found previously that knock-in mice expressing a ubiquitin-binding–defective mutant of ABIN1 (ABIN1[D485N]) develop autoimmunity as they age and succumb to a disease resembling lupus nephritis in humans. In this article, we report that Flt3-derived dendritic cells from these mice overproduced type 1 IFNs upon stimulation with ligands that activate TLR7 or TLR9. However, crossing ABIN1[D485N] mice to IFNAR1-knockout mice that do not express the α-subunit of the type 1 IFNR did not prevent splenomegaly, the appearance of high serum levels of autoantibodies and other Igs, or liver inflammation and only reduced kidney inflammation modestly. In contrast, crossing ABIN1[D485N] mice to knock-in mice expressing catalytically inactive mutants of IRAK1 or IRAK4 prevented splenomegaly, autoimmunity, and liver and kidney inflammation. Our results support the notion that IRAK1 and/or IRAK4 are attractive targets for the development of drugs to prevent, and perhaps treat, lupus nephritis and other autoinflammatory diseases caused by the decreased ability of ABIN1 or other proteins to restrict the strength of MyD88 signaling.
Type I CD20 Antibodies Recruit the B Cell Receptor for Complement-Dependent Lysis of Malignant B Cells
Authors: Engelberts Patrick J. , Voorhorst Marleen , Schuurman Janine , van Meerten Tom , Bakker Joost M. , Vink Tom , Mackus Wendy J. M. , Breij Esther C. W. , Derer Stefanie , Valerius Thomas , van de Winkel Jan G. J. , Parren Paul W. H. I. , Beurskens Frank J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Human IgG1 type I CD20 Abs, such as rituximab and ofatumumab (OFA), efficiently induce complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of CD20+ B cells by binding of C1 to hexamerized Fc domains. Unexpectedly, we found that type I CD20 Ab F(ab′)2 fragments, as well as C1q-binding–deficient IgG mutants, retained an ability to induce CDC, albeit with lower efficiency than for whole or unmodified IgG. Experiments using human serum depleted of specific complement components demonstrated that the observed lytic activity, which we termed “accessory CDC,” remained to be dependent on C1 and the classical pathway. We hypothesized that CD20 Ab-induced clustering of the IgM or IgG BCR was involved in accessory CDC. Indeed, accessory CDC was consistently observed in B cell lines expressing an IgM BCR and in some cell lines expressing an IgG BCR, but it was absent in BCR− B cell lines. A direct relationship between BCR expression and accessory CDC was established by transfecting the BCR into CD20+ cells: OFA-F(ab′)2 fragments were able to induce CDC in the CD20+BCR+ cell population, but not in the CD20+BCR− population. Importantly, OFA-F(ab′)2 fragments were able to induce CDC ex vivo in malignant B cells isolated from patients with mantle cell lymphoma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia. In summary, accessory CDC represents a novel effector mechanism that is dependent on type I CD20 Ab–induced BCR clustering. Accessory CDC may contribute to the excellent capacity of type I CD20 Abs to induce CDC, and thereby to the antitumor activity of such Abs in the clinic.
A Systematic Approach to Programmatic Assessment
Authors: Moffit Dani M. , Mansell Jamie L. , Russ Anne C. 
Published: November 2016

Context: Accrediting bodies and universities increasingly require evidence of student learning within courses and programs. Within athletic training, programmatic assessment has been a source of angst for program directors. While there are many ways to assess educational programs, this article introduces 1 systematic approach.
Objective: This article describes the steps necessary to create an assessment plan that meets the needs of the accrediting body, the program, and the athletic training students.
Background: Assessment helps determine if the program's goals and objectives are meeting the athletic training students' needs. Program review cannot be accomplished in a manner that is helpful unless the assessment plan is systematic, planned, and ongoing.
Recommendation(s): Effective and systematic assessment plans provide a framework for program evaluation, modification, and improvement.
Conclusion(s): Assessment should be an ongoing process which creates opportunities for active learning. Clinical education needs to be included in the overall programmatic assessment, as those courses provide application of didactic learning.
Procalcitonin is a Better Biomarker than C-Reactive Protein in Newborns Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: The Prokineca Study
Authors: Pérez Sara Bobillo , Rodríguez-Fanjul Javier , García Iolanda Jordan , Hernando Julio Moreno , Sanz Martín Iriondo 
Published: November 2016

Objectives To assess the kinetics of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in newborns after cardiothoracic surgery (CS), with and without cardiopulmonary bypass, and to assess whether PCT was better than CRP in identifying sepsis in the first 72 hours after CS. Patients and Methods This is a prospective study of newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit after CS. Interventions PCT and CRP were sequentially drawn 2 hours before surgery and at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery. Results A total of 65 patients were recruited, of which 14 were excluded because of complications. We compared the kinetics of PCT and CRP after CS in bypass and non-bypass groups without sepsis; there were no differences in the PCT values at any time (24 hours, P = 0.564; 48 hours, P = 0.117; 72 hours, P = 0.076). Thirty-five patients needed bypass, of whom four were septic (11.4%). Significant differences were detected in the PCT values on comparing the septic group to the nonseptic group at 48 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass ( P= 0.018). No differences were detected in the CRP values in these groups. A suitable cutoff for sepsis diagnosis at 48 hours following bypass would be 5 ng/mL, with optimal area under the curve of 0.867 (confidence interval 0.709–0.958), P< 0.0001, and sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% (29.6–99.7) and 72.6% (53.5–86.4), respectively. Conclusions This is a preliminary study but PCT seems to be a good biomarker in newborns after CS. Values over 5 ng/mL at 48 hours after CS should alert physicians to the high risk of sepsis in these patients.
In vitro Comparative Evaluation of the Fracture Resistance of Simulated Immature Teeth reinforced with Different Apical Barriers and Obturation Combination
Authors: Shaheen Neveen A , El-Helbawy Nahla G El-Din 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study aimed to assess and compare the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth reinforced with Biodentine (BD) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as apical barriers and two root canal backfilling combination (gutta-percha/AH26, MetaSeal).

Materials and methods
A total of 70 extracted human maxillary incisors were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10). The positive control group was not instrumented. For the other groups, coronal access was made and root canals were instrumented using the ProTaper, up to F5 followed by six Peeso reamers which were allowed to pass 1 mm beyond the apex to size 6 (1.7 mm) to simulate immature teeth. The apical 4 mm of their root canals was filled with either MTA or BD apical barrier, then backfilled with gutta-percha/AH26 or MetaSeal obturation combination. The negative control group was left unfilled. Composite resin was used to restore the coronal access cavities. The maximum load for fracture of each tooth was recorded utilizing a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance.

Results
The noninstrumented group I had the highest fracture resistance and differed significantly (p < 0.05) from the negative control groups. On the contrary, no significant difference was found between BD and MTA groups, regardless of the backfilling combination (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
There was no difference between MTA and BD apical barriers and the backfilling combination regarding their resistance to root fracture.

How to cite this article
Shaheen NA, El-Din El-Helbawy NG. In vitro Comparative Evaluation of the Fracture Resistance of Simulated Immature Teeth reinforced with Different Apical Barriers and Obturation Combination. World J Dent 2016;7(3):113-118.
Dentists’ Outlook on Advertising in their Line of Work in Bengaluru, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Nayak Prajna P , Raju Vamsee K , Kshetrimayum Nandita , Ramesh Laksmikantha , Nayak Sushma Shankar , Kamath Vinayak 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Dentistry, being one of the healing professions, has a commitment to society that its members will adhere to high ethical standards of conduct. Dental Council of India (DCI), the regulating body for dental professionals in the country, has also given certain guidelines and regulations on advertising issues. But, studies on dentists’ opinion on the issues on advertising for dental professionals in India are very meager. Hence, the aim was to evaluate the opinion on advertising issues among practicing dentists from various dental colleges in Bengaluru, India.

Materials and methods
A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 258 practicing dentists attached to various dental colleges in Bengaluru city. Chi-square test was used to determine the association of independent variables with each of the main outcome of interest.

Results
Out of 258 practicing dentists, nearly three quarters of practitioners (68.2%) agreed that there is a need for some form of advertising. Among those who agreed that there is a need for advertising, more than half of the practitioners (63.6%) said that it is required for popularity, visibility, and good business. When asked about which form of advertising can largely benefit their dental practice, 29.1% agreed on the patient testimonials, and 25.2% thought ads in magazines and newspapers are useful.

Conclusion
Nearly equal number of practitioners agreed and disagreed on the issue of whether advertising may make dentistry seem more like a trade than a health care service. More than three quarters of them agreed with the use of global advertising and tourism.

How to cite this article
Nayak PP, Raju VK, Kshetrimayum N, Ramesh L, Nayak SS, Kamath V. Dentists’ Outlook on Advertising in their Line of Work in Bengaluru, India: A Cross-sectional Study. World J Dent 2016;7(3):141-145.