bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic parameters for periodontal disease: an analysis of electronic dental treatment records linked to pedigree, genomic, sociodemographic and clinical data
Authors: Bermingham Mairead , Campbell Archie , Porteous David , Walls Angus 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
BackgroundElectronic health records provides unprecedented opportunity for their re-use in genetic epidemiological research. However, electronic health records data from clinical settings, such as dental practices may be inaccurate or of insufficient granularity to be of use in research. In this study, we wish to determine the utility of National Health Service (NHS) electronic dental treatment records in genetic epidemiological research.
ObjectiveTo estimate the heritability of periodontal disease using NHS electronic dental treatment records linked to health and non-health data within the Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS).
ApproachWe linked 852,355 NHS Scotland electronic dental treatment records from April 2000 to July 2015 to 20,626 participants within the GS:SFHS with pedigree, genomic, sociodemographic and clinical data. We then conducted a proof-of-principle genetic epidemiological analysis using periodontal (gum) disease treatment records. The data set analysed, consisted of 160,508 dental treatment records from 13,717 study participants; 3,387 of which were periodontal treatment records (from 2,192 study participants). We adjusted for the effects of previous treatment record, interval since last treatment, age, sex, treatment year, and treatment month, Scottish index of multiple deprivation, alcohol consumption, diabetes diagnosis, and smoking status in a linear model in the statistical software ASReml. We then calculated the mean risk of periodontal disease for each study participant based on residuals extracted from the aforementioned model. Genome-complex trait analysis (GCTA; with correction for population stratification) was used to estimate the pedigree and genomic based heritability of periodontal disease.
ResultsWe estimate the familial heritability of periodontal (gum) disease at 10.42% (95% confidence interval 5.97-14.88%). The genomic component did not contribute significantly to the heritability estimate.
Conclusionwe have demonstrated the usefulness of electronic dental treatment records in population based genetic epidemiological research .This study has also, to the best of our knowledge provided the first population based estimates of the genetic parameters for periodontal disease; confirming its familial nature. This invaluable and unique data resource will allow the acceleration of oral health research in Scotland and the exploration of research questions that could not be considered previously.
Designing a privacy-preserving protocol to support transient and purpose-specific data linkages
Authors: Smith Chris , Hewison Jenny , House Allan 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesTo describe the design of a privacy-preserving protocol to support transient and purpose-specific data linkages between defined organisations in the health domain, to discuss how the specific technical and governance constraints of each organisation shaped the design of the protocol, and to propose approaches to reduce the costs associated with the use of privacy-preserving protocols for such linkages.
ApproachPrivacy-preserving protocols enable individual-level data to be linked across organisations without any requirement for direct identifiers to be released outside of organisational boundaries. Such protocols can reduce the risk that data released by organisations can be associated with an identifiable subject. Use of these protocols in practical scenarios requires that their computational and communication steps are mutually acceptable to each participating organisation from a technical and governance perspective. For transient and purpose-specific linkages, organisations may have no previous experience of participation in a privacy-preserving protocol and therefore no established set of mutually acceptable steps. We describe the design of a privacy-preserving protocol for a national health research project - in which specific health data from local and national organisations is to be linked to construct longitudinal patient records for analysis - and discuss how the design of the protocol was shaped by the specific technical and governance constraints of each organisation.
ResultsOrganisations are subject to varied technical constraints, such as expertise and infrastructure, and varied governance constraints, such as policies and procedures. Therefore, different computational and communication steps may be acceptable to different organisations. Design of a privacy-preserving protocol requires interaction with each organisation to determine their specific constraints and to understand the space of mutually acceptable steps from which a protocol can be composed. Initial costs for the design of a privacy-preserving protocol can therefore be significant. However, once mutually acceptable steps have been established between certain organisations, ongoing costs for subsequent linkages should be reduced. To reduce both initial and ongoing costs, different approaches can used to support coordination of organisations on technical and governance matters. Such approaches could include: (i) education and training, (ii) tooling and accreditation, and (iii) published best practice.
ConclusionUse of privacy-preserving protocols for transient and purpose-specific data linkages requires coordination between organisations, which can be initially costly to establish. Reduction in initial and ongoing costs can be achieved through approaches that support both initial and ongoing coordination.
A data linkage strategy for producing census and population statistics from administrative data
Authors: Jones Pete 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesFollowing the recommendation of the National Statistician in 2014, it is intended that the 2021 Census of England and Wales will make far greater use of administrative data. The combined use of administrative and census data has the potential to enhance the quality and detail of outputs that can be produced in 2021. Furthermore, the government’s aspiration is that future censuses will be conducted with other sources of data. One of the major objectives of the next census is therefore to develop and test methods for producing a future alternative that relies primarily on administrative data and surveys.
ApproachIn order to meet the objectives of the 2021 Census, a data linkage strategy is needed to support the statistical system for producing population statistics. Given the diverse uses of linked data in census statistical processing, each matching exercise will have different requirements in terms of scale, methodology and quality. This paper outlines a flexible methodological strategy that has been developed to meet those requirements, with examples of research that has been undertaken to date.
ResultsResearch findings from a range of linkage exercises are presented with discussion around the methods used, the scale of the matching exercise and associated measures of quality. Examples include:

Linking multiple administrative datasets to produce a ‘Statistical Population Dataset’
Linking to adjust for coverage errors using capture-recapture methods
Generating multivariate tabulations from linked administrative and survey data
Using linked administrative data to improve item imputation for missing values
Linking of address records to assign Unique Property Reference Numbers
Using administrative data to enhance the 2021 Census Address Register

ConclusionCentral to the strategy is the need to develop a business model that can deliver linkage outputs to the required quality while still preserving the privacy of individuals’ data. We conclude that various procedural and technical options for preserving privacy can be incorporated within the framework of this strategy, including pseudonymisation, de-identification, trusted third party models and record indexing. The strategy developed will enable datasets to be linked to the required specifications. In addition, de-identified datasets can be held separately and integrated efficiently when required in the production of statistical outputs.
The development of this strategy will continue in the run up to the 2021 Census, with the aim of incorporating its use in wider statistical output production, including population, business statistics and social surveys.
Multinational Population-Based Health Surveys Linked to Outcome Data: An Untapped Resource
Authors: Fisher Stacey , Bennett Carol , Sanmartin Claudia , Manuel Doug 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesIncreasingly, national health surveys are being linked to vital statistics and health care information, providing a new and unique source of individual population health data. Given that nationally-representative health surveys are performed in over a hundred countries, these linkages create comprehensive data sets that are potentially larger than most existing cohort studies. To date, this resource has not been utilized.
ApproachThe purpose, study base, content and methods of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) cycles 2.1 (2003-04) and 3.1 (2005-06) and the United States 2000 and 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were examined for comparability and consistency. Smoking, alcohol, physical activity and diet questions were identified, question construct and response categorization were compared, and variable constructions possible for both national health surveys were created. All respondents 20+ years of age were identified and stratified by country and sex. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate 5-year hazards of mortality associated with the common smoking, alcohol, physical activity and diet variables.
ResultsThe CCHS and NHIS are highly consistent and comparable. Health behaviour questions are similar and permit the creation of smoking, alcohol, physical activity and diet variables that are comparable across surveys. A total of 284 475 survey respondents from Canada and the United States (CCHS, N= 226 731; NHIS, N= 57 744) were included. The largest mortality hazards were associated with female heavy smokers in both Canada (HR: 2.91; 95% CI: 2.52, 3.37) and the United States (Female HR: 2.96; 95% CI: 2.59, 3.38), compared to non-smokers. Moderate variation in the age adjusted all-cause mortality hazard ratios was observed; both smoking and physical activity hazard ratios were consistently higher in the United States than in Canada.
ConclusionThis study provides initial support for the methodological feasibility of pooling linked population health surveys however, challenges introduced by dissimilarities will require the use of innovative methodologies, and discussions regarding how to manage jurisdictional data restrictions and privacy issues are needed. Pooled population health data has the potential to improve national and international health surveillance and public health.
What are the causes of death of patients with tuberculosis? Multiple causes of death in a cohort of cases and a research proposal of presumed causes
Authors: Rocha Marli , Pinheiro Rejane , Oliveira Gisele , Aguiar Fernanda , Saraceni Valéria 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjetctiveThe objective of this study was to analyze the multiple causes of death in a cohort of patients with tuberculosis (TB) and to introduce an investigation proposal death for TB from a list of presumable causes.
ApproachWe performed a probabilistic record linkage with the databases of the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) 2006 and the Mortality Information System (SIM) 2006-2008. The underline cause and the association causes of death were analysed by sex, age and time from TB diagnostic to death.
ResultsThere were 825 deaths, of which 23% for death for TB, deaths due to TB with 16% and 61% without mention of TB. Two hundred and fifteen (42.7%) deaths occurred within the period of treatment, whose profile differed from the pattern of causes when TB was an associated cause, with high frequency of re- spiratory diseases, AIDS and ill-defined causes. We elaborated a proposal for correction of associated causes of death and an investigation proposal death for TB from a list of presumable causes. According to the proposal, 26 deaths could have modified the underlying cause.
ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of record linkage to TB surveillance and improvement of information the SIM and SINAN.
Professores do atendimento educacional especializado e de sala de aula regular: articulações e avaliações sobre o ensino e aprendizagem de alunos incluídos
Authors: Pinheiro Daiane , Duarte Sabrina Maiara de Sousa 
Published: April 2017

O trabalho aborda o tema da educação inclusiva dando direcionamentos específicos de estudos às articulações entre professores do atendimento educacional especializado e professores de sala de aula regular. Aproximamos-nos da abordagem teórica dos Estudos Culturais em Educação, tornando possível entender que os sujeitos da educação especial são produzidos no contexto escolar e, portanto, nos espaços estudados assumem identidades de uma anormalidade evidenciada. Segundo experiências acadêmicas de estágio e atividades de pesquisa, observamos que muitos pressupostos políticos não estão sendo de fato efetivados nos contextos de ensino em que atuamos. A partir desses direcionamentos teóricos e políticos, o objetivo desse trabalho é conhecer as relações profissionais pedagógicas do professor de atendimento Educacional Especializado e do professor da sala de aula regular apontando possíveis efeitos na educação dos sujeitos público-alvo da inclusão educacional. O contexto da pesquisa se restringe a duas escolas municipais da cidade de Santarém-PA. Realizamos um levantamento dos instrumentos de planejamento e avaliação utilizados pelos professores com os alunos que apresentam Necessidades Educacionais Especiais. A partir desses dados inferimos análises que nos levaram a entender que a inclusão educacional ainda ancora discursos na incapacidade do sujeito, o que reflete diretamente nas ações e representações profissionais que circulam na escola. E assim, a própria referência à oferta de uma educação especializada passa a causar o estranhamento na escola, ou ainda, o carimbo que marca o sujeito com necessidades educacionais especiais. Palavras-chave: Inclusão Educacional. Educação Especial. Avaliação.
Against Stanley Fish on Ben Jonson and the Community of the Same
Authors: Ramsay William Everett 
Published: April 2017

In his classic essay “Authors-Readers: Ben Jonson and the Community of the Same,” Stanley Fish argues, primarily on the basis of a series of close readings, that (1) Jonson's poetry of praise hints at a community in which everyone is the same; (2) Jonson's poetry of praise is nonrepresentational, while his poetry of blame is representational; (3) Jonson's poems of praise and the members of the community mentioned in them are largely interchangeable; and (4) Jonson writes nonrepresentational poetry of praise in which everyone is the same in order to maintain his independence in a patronage society. I argue that these four theses are false. Part I argues that Fish's equivocation on the crucial word identity and his misreading of “In Authorem” undermine his claim that there is a Jonson community in which everyone is the same. Part II argues that Fish's reading of Epigrams 63, “To Robert, Earl of Salisbury,” on which reading rests his claim that Jonson's poetry of praise is nonrepresentational, introduces several textual errors, and that, once these errors are corrected, the poem no longer supports that claim. Part III argues that an awareness of Jonson's poetic art, especially his use of puns, shows that his poems of praise are not interchangeable, while an attentiveness to the “signs of specificity” (38) in the poems of praise shows that the people discussed in them are not the same. Since the truth of the fourth thesis depends on the truth of the others, it is largely ignored.
X-Ray Insights into the Nature of Quasars with Redshifted Broad Absorption Lines
Authors: Zhang Ning-Xiao , Brandt W. N. , Ahmed N. S. , Hall P. B. , Luo B. , Anderson Scott F. , Ak N. Filiz , Petitjean P. , Schneider D. P. , Shen Yue , Srianand R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We present Chandra observations of seven broad absorption line (BAL) quasars at

with redshifted BAL troughs (RSBALs). Five of our seven targets were detected by Chandra in 4–13 ks exposures with ACIS-S. The

values,

values, and spectral energy distributions of our targets demonstrate they are all X-ray weak relative to expectations for non-BAL quasars, and the degree of X-ray weakness is consistent with that of appropriately matched BAL quasars generally. Furthermore, our five detected targets show evidence for hard X-ray spectral shapes with a stacked effective power-law photon index of

. These findings support the presence of heavy X-ray absorption (

cm−2) in RSBAL quasars, likely by the shielding gas found to be common in BAL quasars more generally. We use these X-ray measurements to assess models for the nature of RSBAL quasars, finding that a rotationally dominated outflow model is favored while an infall model also remains plausible with some stipulations. The X-ray data disfavor a binary quasar model for RSBAL quasars in general.
A Multi-wavelength Analysis of Dust and Gas in the SR 24S Transition Disk
Authors: Pinilla P. , Pérez L. M. , Andrews S. , van der Marel N. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Ataiee S. , Benisty M. , Birnstiel T. , Juhász A. , Natta A. , Ricci L. , Testi L. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We present new Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) 1.3 mm continuum observations of the SR 24S transition disk with an angular resolution

(12 au radius). We perform a multi-wavelength investigation by combining new data with previous ALMA data at 0.45 mm. The visibilities and images of the continuum emission at the two wavelengths are well characterized by a ring-like emission. Visibility modeling finds that the ring-like emission is narrower at longer wavelengths, in good agreement with models of dust-trapping in pressure bumps, although there are complex residuals that suggest potentially asymmetric structures. The 0.45 mm emission has a shallower profile inside the central cavity than the 1.3 mm emission. In addition, we find that the 13CO and C18O (J = 2–1) emission peaks at the center of the continuum cavity. We do not detect either continuum or gas emission from the northern companion to this system (SR 24N), which is itself a binary system. The upper limit for the dust disk mass of SR 24N is

, which gives a disk mass ratio in dust between the two components of

. The current ALMA observations may imply that either planets have already formed in the SR 24N disk or that dust growth to millimeter sizes is inhibited there and that only warm gas, as seen by rovibrational CO emission inside the truncation radii of the binary, is present.
« Comme une toile d’araignée »
Authors: Felten Georges 
Published: April 2017

L’article montre que Woyzeck, la dernière pièce de Georg Büchner, restée inachevée à la mort de son auteur, accorde une place prépondérante au sens de la vue. Pièce maîtresse d’un complexe réseau de savoir et de pouvoir, celui-ci est configuré – à l’insu des personnages, qui se trahissent simplement par leurs gestes et leurs paroles – sur le mode d’un œil-animal aussi sexualisé que mortifère. En étendant jusqu’aux spectateurs le système panoptique dans lequel sont pris les personnages, la pièce ne rouvre pas tant le dossier du procès « historique » qu’elle n’interroge en permanence le statut dévolu au spectateur qui la regarde et qu’elle ne pose, en tant que texte resté à l’état de fragment, la question de sa propre lecture.
« L’œil hors de la tête »
Authors: Azoulai Juliette 
Published: April 2017

« Je sais voir, revendique Flaubert, comme voient les myopes, jusque dans les pores des choses. » C’est cette articulation entre le voir et le savoir, entre le percept et le concept, qu’il s’agit d’étudier chez un auteur, qui en expose lui-même de multiples déclinaisons dans son œuvre : du regard novice au regard contemplatif, en passant par le regard pédant ou le regard expérimenté, Flaubert explore divers rapports, plus ou moins déséquilibrés, entre la connaissance et la perception, interrogeant ainsi la définition du regard savant, en tant que savoir incarné.
Apprendre à voir, apprendre à dire
Authors: Vuillemin Nathalie 
Published: April 2017

L’émergence d’une science microscopique au xviiie siècle s’est caractérisée par une recherche d’uniformisation des méthodes d’examen, mais également du langage permettant de décrire les nouveaux objets. Comment partager ces derniers ? Comment s’assurer que chaque observateur voie la même chose, qu’il puisse être guidé par les remarques d’un prédécesseur, sans être pour autant influencé dans son interprétation des phénomènes ? Ces questions donnèrent lieu à de nombreux débats entre savants, envisagés ici comme autant de négociations dans la création d’un langage de la vision spécialisée. Car dans le champ microscopique, plus encore que dans d’autres domaines de l’histoire naturelle, décrire c’est interpréter. Mal dire, c’est ainsi peut-être avoir mal vu, et faire prendre le risque aux suivants de mal voir à leur tour. Cette problématique sera abordée à travers le cas plus spécifique de la daphnie, petit animal aquatique dont les structures, examinées au microscope, donnèrent lieu dès le xviie siècle et jusqu’en 1860 environ à de nombreuses controverses. Le langage eut un rôle heuristique essentiel dans l’inscription du savoir relatif à cet insecte, que met également en relief l’évolution des illustrations sur l’animal.
A Study on the use of Facebook, RSS, Blogs and Twitter (Web2.0) among selected academic libraries from 6 Gulf countries namely: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman and Kuwait
Authors: Ramli Rindra M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper aims to explore and study the current usage trends of Web2.0 namely Facebook, RSS, Blogs and Twitter among selected higher education institutions’ libraries in 6 gulf countries namely: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman and Kuwait. Websites of the selected libraries would be compared on the extent of the usage of these tools, the participation level and their purpose. The author would also share his opinion and suggestions on improving the current trends pertaining to the area of Web2.0 and libraries. The impact and importance of Web2.0 on libraries cannot be disputed. Since gaining popularity in mid-2000, libraries around the globe have jumped onto the Web2.0 bandwagon. Among the common examples of Web2.0 used by libraries today are namely: social networking sites, blogs, wikis, folksonomies and video sharing sites. Libraries are using Web2.0 to (among others):· market their services / resources to their community,· announce latest library news,· provide their online guides / notes for their resources among others. Though such tools have been implemented by most libraries around the world, some of the challenges faced by libraries are:· participation level – casting the net to a wider audience· selection of web2.0 tools· effectiveness of present web2.0 tools used by the libraries