bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirisch-juridisch onderzoek – toekomstmuziek of werkelijkheid?
Authors: Elbers N.A. 
Published: December 2016

Empirical research by PhD law students – something for the future or reality?
Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) are studies investigating the law in the real world, using empirical methods. Internationally, ELS is on the rise. However, not much is known about what is being done around ELS in the Netherlands. This article describes the results of a systematic review, investigating how many PhD researchers who defended their thesis at a Dutch law faculty in 2015 have collected empirical data, what topic they investigated, which method they used and what background they have. The findings are that 33% of the PhD theses could be labelled as ELS. The majority of ELS were conducted by researchers who have a social science degree. Some of the (only few) lawyers collecting empirical data did not aim to conduct ELS, even though their research questions were very empirical. It is concluded that more empirical education and research funding are needed to stimulate lawyers to conduct more ELS.
Toepassing van rechtssociologisch en rechtspsychologisch onderzoek in de rechtspraktijk
Authors: Malsch M. , ten Hove L. , Elffers H. 
Published: December 2016

Applying research findings from sociology of law and legal psychology in legal practice
Findings of empirical research may have direct or indirect relevance to legal practice and policy. This article investigates the relevance of findings from both research in sociology of law and legal psychology and law for legal practice and policy. It then discusses an empirical study in the Netherlands among scholars from these two disciplines into actual use in practice of empirical findings. A distinction is made between direct and indirect application of empirical findings. Both a survey and face-to-face interviews have been conducted. Findings suggest that, although the criminal justice system and policymakers do apply empirical knowledge to a certain degree, the actual use of empirical results seems defective.
Hoe de bezwaarprocedure bij de overheid kan profiteren van inzichten uit empirisch onderzoek
Authors: Marseille A.T. 
Published: December 2016

Using insights from empirical research to improve the administrative objection procedure
In the Netherlands, someone who disagrees with an administrative order is only allowed to seek redress with the administrative courts after he has lodged an objection with the administrative authority responsible for the order. Administrative authorities have much freedom with respect to the organization of their objection procedure. Their freedom concerns two aspects of handling objections. Firstly, they can choose between setting up an independent external advisory committee or using only their own personnel in preparing their decision. Secondly, they can choose to model their objection procedure after the procedure before the administrative courts or to opt for a more consensual, as opposed to a more conflictual, style of dispute resolution. This article focuses on the question to what extent results of recent research can help administrative authorities in making a choice between these options. While the available research does not provide specific and finite answers as to which way the procedure should be organized, it does show that it is important that the procedure is characterized by information, consultation and neutrality.
Experimenteren met informeren
Authors: van Boom W.H. 
Published: December 2016

Experimenting with information for consumers
In the regulation of private law relationships, the concept of informed choice-making is an important point of departure for policymakers. As a result, professionals and traders are often under a legal duty to offer certain information to the public in order to inform, persuade or warn against dangers. Policymakers and academics alike tend to refer to findings from purely experimental studies to underpin the effects and overall effectiveness of such information duties. This contribution argues that such studies have limited value as a basis for policymaking. Moreover, it is argued here that policymakers may in fact benefit from practice-oriented research which lacks significant findings.
Over de vraag naar de kwaliteit van de bemiddelaar
Authors: Van Garsse Leo 
Published: December 2016

Mediation: The question of quality
Some believe that the credibility of restorative justice can be increased if more attention is given to the quality of the mediator, as well as methods to select people with the right profile or by training. At first glance this seems a legitimate aim: mediation services should offer quality. Reflecting on practical experience and research into mediation between offenders and victims in Flanders, the author problematizes these assumptions. The quest for tangible quality to ensure ‘credibility’ refers to a neo-liberal approach aimed at reducing risks and promoting the client’s satisfaction. In this article the author confronts the apolitical approach of client satisfaction with alternative ideas about (restorative) justice. Ideally, the mediator is critical of established (legal) authorities and professional expertise. Mediation is political in nature, even if the mediator relies on neutrality. The mediator must be aware of his – inevitable – political stance and should be ready to be interrogated on this matter.
Politiemensen en herstelbemiddelaars: knooppunten in het Utrechtse Mediatiemodel
Authors: Elfallah Toaufik , Dierx Janny 
Published: December 2016

Police officers and mediators in criminal cases: nodes in the Utrecht Mediation Model relations
The authors focus on the restorative justice policies of the city of Utrecht. The Utrecht Mediation Model is a framework in which so called Peaceful Schools and Peaceful Community organisations work together with inhabitants, youth, police officers, public prosecutors and mediators (both voluntary mediators and professional registered mediators). The authors discuss some of the benefits of this large-scale collaboration in Utrecht-neighbourhoods. The added value of the Model is especially felt in so-called Large and Xtra-Large community conflicts. The mediators work together with police officers in order to realise peaceful solutions, while safeguarding the autonomy and independence that both professions require. The authors also discuss some of the competences of the professionals involved. Finally they address the financial revenues of the Model; public spending is relocated from repressive to restorative strategies.
Mediator in strafzaken: een vak apart!
Authors: van Mazijk Tanja , Uitslag Marion 
Published: December 2016

Mediation in criminal cases: a special profession
The mediator in criminal cases operates in special setting which requires specific competences: knowledge of the field of criminal law, knowledge of psychiatric/psychological problems and – if necessary – be able to consult a network of experts in that field, being prepared to operate in complex offender-victim relations and also to deal with high-escalated conflicts. These requirements raise a number of questions regarding the rules of the Dutch mediation federation, which are not designed to be used in the context of criminal law. Mediators in criminal cases are in need of other rules and pre-conditions to fulfil their work adequately.
Qualidade na educação da primeira infância: as políticas públicas e as escolas municipais de educação infantil do município de Santa Maria/RS
Authors: Marafiga Andressa Wiedenhoft , Segat Taciana Camera 
Published: December 2016

Toda criança tem o direito a uma instituição escolar infantil de qualidade, que zele pelo seu bem-estar, potencializando seu desenvolvimento ao máximo. A partir desse entendimento é que se apresenta este artigo com a seguinte problemática: de que maneira as políticas que tratam de qualidade na educação infantil são compreendidas e implantadas em duas escolas para a infância? A coleta de dados foi feita por questionários entregues para professores e equipe diretiva de duas escolas municipais de educação infantil - Emeis - da cidade de Santa Maria/RS. Ao longo deste artigo será discorrido sobre políticas públicas e critérios minimamente básicos para se ter qualidade nas instituições de primeira infância. Palavras-chave: educação infantil, políticas públicas, gestão escolar, qualidade.
Idosos, Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e aids: conhecimentos e percepção de risco
Authors: Brito Nívea Maria Izidro de , Andrade Smalyanna Sgren da Costa , Silva Fernanda Maria Chianca da , Fernandes Marta Regina Chaves Camilo , Brito Karen Krystine Gonçalves , Oliveira Simone Helena Dos Santos 
Published: December 2016

Introdução: No contexto das doenças crônicas transmissíveis, a pandemia da aids vem gerando discussões em âmbito internacional sobre as formas de controlar seu avanço, inclusive na população idosa, a qual apresenta incidência considerável de casos. Objetivo: Investigar o conhecimento e verificar a percepção de risco de idosos quanto à contaminação por Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) e HIV. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo de natureza quantitativa realizado com 55 idosos participantes de grupos em duas unidades de saúde da família interligadas à rede-escola. Resultados: A maioria dos idosos era entre 60–70 anos, sexo masculino, casados, católicos, com o nível fundamental incompleto. Além disso, 40% dos idosos citaram o uso do preservativo como principal método de prevenção às infecções sexuais, 21,9% responderam que o HIV é transmitido de uma pessoa para outra por meio do contato sexual e 38,2% citaram que a doença não tem cura. Sobre a percepção de risco, 76,4% referiram que não tinham nenhuma possibilidade de adquirir Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis ou HIV. Tal fator pode contribuir para que essa população se considere pouco vulnerável à contaminação ou não se perceba em risco, o que os torna susceptíveis ao perigo da infecção, favorecendo o aumento do índice de idosos infectados no cenário nacional. Conclusão: Cabe aos organismos governamentais e não governamentais investir em práticas educativas, onde idosos possam ser inseridos em um ambiente que aborde a sexualidade, proporcionando maior segurança e qualidade de vida aos nossos cidadãos.
Qualidade de vida e independência funcional de idosos frequentadores do clube do idoso do município de Sorocaba
Authors: Lima Bruna Malavazzi , Araújo Franciele Andrade , Scattolin Fátima Ayres de Araújo 
Published: December 2016

Introdução: Nos últimos anos a expectativa de vida vem aumentando em todo o mundo. A manutenção da capacidade funcional e da qualidade de vida (QV) dessa população é um dos desafios da atualidade. Objetivo: Avaliar a QV e a independência funcional de idosos frequentadores do Clube do Idoso do município de Sorocaba e investigar a correlação entre essas medidas. Métodos: Participaram idosos de ambos os sexos com idade ≥60 anos. Foram utilizados: Instrwumento de Caracterização Sociodemográfica; World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-Old (WHOQOL-OLD) e Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF). Análises estatísticas realizadas: teste de Mann-Whitney e teste de Kruskal-Wallis para comparação entre os escores e o coeficiente de correlação de postos de Spearman para verificar a correlação entre os instrumentos. Resultados: Participaram 71 idosos, 69,01% mulheres, 56,34% com idade entre 60 e 69 anos, 33,80% casados e 83,10% aposentados. Não houve diferenças significativas quanto ao sexo para os dois instrumentos e quanto à idade nos escores do WHOQOL-OLD. Os idosos ≥80 anos apresentaram queda da independência funcional (p<0,001) e aqueles com mais anos de estudo apresentaram maior independência funcional e avaliaram melhor a QV global. Houve correlação diretamente proporcional entre escores da MIF e QV. Conclusão: Este estudo apontou que a funcionalidade está diretamente ligada à QV. Daí a importância dos grupos de terceira idade como forma de favorecer a prática de atividade física e aumentar a interação social, fatores essenciais na proteção e promoção da saúde e da QV dessa população.
Application of atmospheric solution precursor plasma spray to photocatalytic devices for small and medium industries in developing countries
Authors: Kindole Dickson , Ando Yasutaka 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
For development of a functional film deposition process with high deposition rate, as a basic study, TiO2 films were deposited by atmospheric solution precursor plasma spray (ASPPS) process. Ethanol-diluted titanium tetraisobutoxide [TTIB: Ti(OC4H9)4] was used as a feedstock. To achieve a high plasma thermal energy at a low discharge power, N2-dominant Ar/N2 as the plasma working gas was used, for film deposition at various deposition distances. Consequently, photocatalytic TiO2 with a rutile/anatase mixture film structure was deposited evenly in this case. By conducting methylene blue decomposition and wettability tests, photocatalytic properties of the film were confirmed. When a TiO2 film was applied to photocatalytic dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the cells generated an electromotive force of 0.143V
oc, which is close to those of commercial DSSCs. From these results, the ASPPS process was found to have high potential for high rate functional film deposition and was cost effective, making it suitable for developing countries.
Anti-Corruption Policy and Firms’ Three Public Consumptions
Authors: Xue Shuang , Wang Qian , Zhao Zepeng 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Fighting against corruption is an important policy of the new Chinese government. A series of anti-corruption policies has been promulgated since the end of 2012. In this paper, we study the impact of these policies on firms’ three public consumptions (TPCs): car expenses, banquet expenses, and overseas visit expenses. The empirical results show that the TPCs decrease sharply after the promulgation of the anti-corruption policies. The decline in the TPCs in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is larger than that in private firms (non-SOEs). Further, the decline in the TPCs in firms with top managers with a political background (such as government work experience, army experience, or being party members) is larger than that in firms with top managers with a non-political background. The decrease in the TPCs in high-marketisation (high legal development) regions is not as sharp as that in low-marketisation (low legal development) regions since the TPCs in these economically well-developed (legally well-developed) regions were lower before the anti-corruption campaign. What is more, the effect of the anti-corruption policies also depends on the strength of their enforcement: that is, the higher the strength of the enforcement of the anti-corruption policies, the larger the decrease in the growth rate of the TPCs. All these results evidence a significant effect of the anti-corruption policies.
Preventative and therapeutic effects of a GABA transporter 1 inhibitor administered systemically in a mouse model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain
Authors: Masocha Willias , Parvathy Subramanian S. 
Published: December 2016

Background
There is a dearth of drugs to manage a dose-limiting painful peripheral neuropathy induced by paclitaxel in some patients during the treatment of cancer. Gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter-1 (GAT-1) whose expression is increased in the brain and spinal cord during paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP) might be a potential therapeutic target for managing PINP. Thus, our aim was to evaluate if systemic administration of a GAT-1 inhibitor ameliorates PINP.

Methods
The reaction latency to thermal stimuli (hot plate test; at 55 °C) and cold stimuli (cold plate test; at 4 °C) of female BALB/c mice was recorded before and after intraperitoneal treatment with paclitaxel, its vehicle, and/or a selective GAT-1 inhibitor NO-711. The effects of NO-711 on motor coordination were evaluated using the rotarod test at a constant speed of 4 rpm or accelerating mode from 4 rpm to 40 rpm over 5 min.

Results
The coadministration of paclitaxel with NO-711 3 mg/kg prevented the development of paclitaxel-induced thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia at day 7 after drug treatment. NO-711 at 3 mg/kg produced antihyperalgesic activity up to 1 h and antiallodynic activity up to 2 h in mice with established paclitaxel-induced thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia. No motor deficits were observed with NO-711 at a dose of 3 mg/kg, whereas a higher dose 5 mg/kg caused motor impairment and reduced mean time spent on the rotarod at a constant speed of 4 rpm. However, at a rotarod accelerating mode from 4 rpm to 40 rpm over 5 min, NO-711 3 mg/kg caused motor impairment up to 1 h, but had recovered by 2 h.

Conclusions
These results show that systemic administration of the GAT-1 inhibitor NO-711 has preventative and therapeutic activity against paclitaxel-induced thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia. NO-711’s antiallodynic effects, but not antihyperalgesic effects, were independent of its motor impairment/sedation properties. Thus, low doses of GAT-1 inhibitors could be useful for the prevention and treatment of PINP with proper dose titration to reduce motor impairment/sedation side effects.
Diagnóstico pelas técnicas histopatológicas e de Ziehl-Neelsen da tuberculose bovina de carcaça condenada em um frigorífico no Estado da Bahia
Authors: França Leonardo Rosa da , Sousa Dante Lima , Carvalho Filipe Ramon Bacelar de , Pinto Mariana Sampaio , Castro Paulo Natan Moreno Pereira , Santos Évelin Santiago Vasconcelos dos , Cerqueira Robson Bahia 
Published: December 2016

<p>Objetivo: descrever os achados sugestivos da presença do Mycobacterium bovis em bovinos abatidos num matadouro-frigorífico situado região sudoeste da Bahia, além de demonstrar a eficácia dos métodos tintoriais usados como presuntivos no diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina. Metodologia: no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo Baiano (UFRB), foram analisadas 28 amostras de fragmentos de linfonodos bovinos fixados em formol a 10%. Estas amostras foram processadas e coradas pelas técnicas de hematoxilina-eosina (H&amp;E) pela e a técnica de Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN). Resultados: o diagnóstico para tuberculose bovina foi feito após leitura das lâminas utilizando microscopia óptica. Das amostras histologicamente coradas por H&amp;E, em 78,6% foi possível observar a presença de único ou múltiplos granulomas, sugestivos da doença. Destas amostras, 13,6% demonstraram<br />a presença de bacilos álcool ácidos resistentes (BAAR) após coloração com ZN. Conclusão: neste trabalho, evidenciou-se que a consorciação das técnicas histopatológicas H&amp;E e ZN torna o diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina mais eficiente do que quando as técnicas são processadas isoladamente.</p>
Associações entre o uso de cannabis e esquizofrenia: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Britto Lucas Rocha de , Araújo Arão Nogueira de , Araújo Roberto Paulo Correia de , Sena Eduardo Pondé de 
Published: December 2016

<p><strong>Objetivo: </strong>revisar a literatura sobre a associação entre uso de cannabis e o desenvolvimento de esquizofrenia. <strong>Metodologia: </strong>revisão sistemática da literatura realizada em bases de dados eletrônicas (PubMed e SciELO), que inclui revisões e estudos observacionais (estudos de coorte e cortes transversais) publicados no período de janeiro de 2000 a novembro de 2015, além de estudos encontrados mediante busca manual. <strong>Resultados: </strong>ao final do processo de busca e pré-seleção dos artigos pela leitura do título e do resumo, foram selecionados 13 artigos. Após a leitura na íntegra, foram selecionados 11 artigos para compor a revisão sistemática. <strong>Conclusões: </strong>há uma sugestiva associação entre uso de cannabis e risco de esquizofrenia, com um aumento do risco verificado especialmente nas situações de predisposição a psicoses e uso precoce de cannabis. Não é possível definir uma relação causal entre uso de cannabis e esquizofrenia, porém, caso exista, a direção da associação parece ser do uso de cannabis como causa de esquizofrenia, e não o inverso. </p>
Industrial Waste
Authors: Gürses Ahmet , Güneş Kübra , Korucu Mehtap Ejder , Açikyildiz Metİn 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIndustry plays an important role in the global economic development. While industrial and technological developments have improved the standard of living in recent years, they have also caused pollution and other severe environmental problems.Industrial waste, the hazardous and nonhazardous by‐products resulting from industrial activities, has been a challenge since the industrial revolution. Waste disposal and treatment technologies attempt to minimize the amount of waste and its impact.In this article, industrial waste classification and waste management approaches, including treatment and recycling, are reviewed. Health effects and impacts of industrial wastes on the environment are also discussed.
Methods in Flavor and Fragrance Analysis
Authors: Costa Rosaria , Mondello Luigi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe chemical constituents of flavors and fragrances are represented by low concentrated volatiles, usually in matrices of various complexities. If in the past their analysis was directed toward the identification of constituents, today their analysis has become necessary in compliance with international regulations.The strict regulation of flavor and fragrance manipulation and production poses a challenge to the analytical chemist, who requires suitable analytical techniques. Advanced analytical methods and instrumentation include gas chromatography, GC–MS, and other hyphenated and multidimensional techniques. Modern techniques are more sensitive and selective, can be automated, and are often more environment‐friendly, representing current trends in flavor and fragrance analysis.This article provides an overview of the most common analytical methodologies and sample preparation techniques used for the analysis of flavors and fragrances. Theoretical principles as well as selected applications are also discussed.
Electrosorption
Authors: Su Xiao , Hatton T. Alan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The topic of electrosorption is introduced, especially as it applies to electroseparations. Through the application of electrochemical potential, the interaction of target compounds with an electrode interface can be modulated, thus resulting in efficient and environmentally friendly applications.The major classes of separations utilizing electrosorption are discussed, and an overview of the most common materials chemistry is given. Capacitive deionization is an upcoming method for removing salt by using porous electrodes and the double layer, and in parallel, redox‐mediated separations based on Faradaic processes have been gaining intense attention for specialized separation processes.The various mechanisms for electrosorption as well as application fields are discussed, including water treatment, water purification, and chromatographic separations.