bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-complex optical field complete imaging scheme via weak measurement
Authors: Zhang Zhiyou , Liu Yurong , Zhu Junfan , Zhang Zhuoxin , Wang An , Jiang Yinghang , Wu Jiguo , Wang Yifan , Ye Ling , Zhang Jiaxuan , Liu Xiong , Ge Rongchun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The comprehensive recording of complex fields is essential for obtaining complete sample information. However, conventional imaging techniques only capture the amplitude information, resulting in the loss of phase part. Conventional phase-extraction schemes like optical spatial differential (OSD) and differential interference contrast (DIC), effective in pure phase scenarios, are not adequate for complex optical field imaging. Although deep learning-based techniques show promise in extracting phase information, the heavy reliance on computational resources limits their applicability. Therefore, we propose an adjustable weak measurement differential imaging scheme integrated into a microscope system (AWMD microscopy) using a planar differential element (DE) for fully record information from complex optical field. By implementing real and imaginary weak values, we introduce a phase-amplitude separation optical spatial differential (PAS-OSD) imaging mode to avoid cross-talk between amplitude and phase signals during imaging process. The technique allows rapid adjustment of differential properties for comprehensive optical field analysis and seamless switching between imaging modes (OSD, DIC, and PAS-OSD) to accommodate diverse scenarios. Additionally, the planar DE we proposed is broadband, easy to construct, and compatible with existing optical systems. We envision this technique driving advancements in optical imaging, biology, and precision inspection.
How AI Responds to Obstetric Ultrasound Questions and Analyzes and Explains Obstetric Ultrasound Reports: ChatGPT-3.5 vs. Microsoft Copilot in Bing
Authors: Du Yanran , Ji Chao , Xu Jiale , Wei Minyan , Ren Yunyun , Xia Shujun , Zhou JianQiao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the accuracy and consistency of answers to obstetric ultrasound questions and analysis of obstetric ultrasound reports using publicly available ChatGPT-3.5 and Microsoft Copilot in Bing (Copilot).
Methods: Twenty questions related to obstetric ultrasound were answered and 110 obstetric ultrasound reports were analyzed by both ChatGPT-3.5 and Copilot, with each question and report being posed three times to them at different times. The accuracy and consistency of each response to twenty questions and each analysis result in the report were evaluated and compared.
Results: In answering twenty questions, ChatGPT-3.5 outperformed Copilot in both accuracy (95.0% vs. 80.0%) and consistency (90.0% vs. 75.0%). When analyzing obstetric ultrasound reports, two models performed similarly in accuracy and consistency, and can provide recommendations. The overall accuracy and consistency of ChatGPT-3.5 and Copilot were 83.86%, 87.30% vs 77.51%, 90.48%, respectively. However, in detecting abnormal amniotic fluid index, ChatGPT-3.5 was superior to Copilot (accuracy 87.50% vs. 66.67%, P < 0.05).
Conclusion: While ChatGPT-3.5 and Copilot can provide valuable explanations on obstetric ultrasound and interpret most obstetric ultrasound reports accurately, neither model consistently answered all questions correctly or with complete consistency, the supervision of physician is crucial in the use of these models.
New Evidence on Price Effects of Transparency Regulations in European Fuel Markets
Authors: Bernhardt Lea , Breiderhoff Xenia , Dewenter Ralf 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This paper analyses the impact of transparency regulations on Super 95 and Diesel prices in Austria, France, and Germany to shed new light on the price effects of regulatory measures. To identify the effects of regulation, we use publicly available data from January 2005 to the end of December 2019 and estimate synthetic difference-in-difference models. Overall, we find little evidence of any significant price effects due to transparency regulations. In France, prices did not change significantly. In Austria, transparency regulations had a small but significant positive effect merely on Super 95 prices in the short run. In Germany, the Market Transparency Unit (MTU) had negative but small long-term effects on Diesel prices. Therefore, we conclude that the implemented transparency regulations in all three countries did not result in long-lasting lower prices, contrary to the desired outcome of the policy treatments.
Evaluation of an Interactive and Collaborative Cloud-based Learning Strategy in Medical Education
Authors: Cortes Claudio , Jackman Trenton D. , Dersch Anne Merrylees , Taylor Tracey A.H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
In most health professions education programs, didactic lectures remain the most common teaching modality. There is a need for synchronous interactive instructional methods that require little student preparation, promote directed-independent learning and high-order cognition, while increasing feedback and teamwork. We have recently created a Cloud-based learning (CL) educational tool that uses the conceptual Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) theoretical framework, together with generative learning theory. Using student surveys, we aim to evaluate this instructional methodology and compare it with more common practices in medical education, including Team-Based Learning (TBL), Flipped Class (FC), and Didactic Lectures (DL). In addition, using a literature-based analysis, we compared CL to several instruction methods (DL, PBL, TBL, FC) to determine whether CL has unique characteristics that differentiate it from other instructional methods.
Methods
Student perception surveys were used to contrast responses regarding these instruction methods in terms of satisfaction, student preparation time, teamwork, collaboration, and formative feedback received. Responses were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Dunn’s pairwise test to determine statistical significance between the medians.
Results
Compared to other teaching methods, students expressed a preference for TBL and DL over CL and FC (DL = TBL = CL > FC). CL and DL were perceived to require the least preparation time (less than 30 min), compared to FC and TBL (CL = DL < FC < TBL). Regarding the learning environment and engagement with each of the instructional strategies, participants were equally engaged with TBL, DL and CL, and less engaged with FC (TBL = CL = DL; TBL > FC). TBL and CL were rated significantly higher in terms of collaboration and teamwork, in which CL provided significantly higher instructor feedback than TBL, DL and FC (CL > TBL > DL = FC), while TBL provided significantly higher peer feedback than CL (TBL > CL > DL > FC).
Conclusions
Despite the benefits of CL (student preparedness, high feedback and collaborative environment), students express preferences toward TBL and DL. Compared with existing teaching methods, CL has some unique characteristics that enable students to create their own study tool with reduced preparation time, strong feedback and a collaborative environment that can be considered an alternative educational strategy.
Interpretation of statistical findings in randomised trials: a survey of statisticians using thematic analysis of open-ended questions
Authors: Hemming Karla , Kudrna Laura , Watson Sam , Taljaard Monica , Greenfield Sheila , Goulao Beatriz , Lilford Richard 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Dichotomisation of statistical significance, rather than interpretation of effect sizes supported by confidence intervals, is a long-standing problem.
Methods: We distributed an online survey to clinical trial statisticians across the UK, Australia and Canada asking about their experiences, perspectives and practices with respect to interpretation of statistical findings from randomised trials. We report a descriptive analysis of the closed-ended questions and a thematic analysis of the open-ended questions.
Results: We obtained 101 responses across a broad range of career stages (24% professors; 51% senior lecturers; 22% junior statisticians) and areas of work (28% early phase trials; 44% drug trials; 38% health service trials). The majority (93%) believed that statistical findings should be interpreted by considering (minimal) clinical importance of treatment effects, but many (61%) said quantifying clinically important effect sizes was difficult, and fewer (54%) followed this approach in practice.
Thematic analysis identified several barriers to forming a consensus on the statistical interpretation of the study findings, including: the dynamics within teams, lack of knowledge or difficulties in communicating that knowledge, as well as external pressures. External pressures included the pressure to publish definitive findings and statistical review which can sometimes be unhelpful but can at times be a saving grace. However, the concept of the minimally important difference was identified as a particularly poorly defined, even nebulous, construct which lies at the heart of much disagreement and confusion in the field.
Conclusion: The majority of participating statisticians believed that it is important to interpret statistical findings based on the clinically important effect size, but report this is difficult to operationalise. Reaching a consensus on the interpretation of a study is a social process involving disparate members of the research team along with editors and reviewers, as well as patients who likely have a role in the elicitation of minimally important differences.
Numerical Study of Interstitial Fluid Flow Behavior in Bone Units Under Dynamic Loading
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Xiong Baochuan , Cui Xin , Zhang Chunqiu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The porous structure of bone tissue is essential for maintaining the physiological functions and overall health of bone cells. The lacunar-canalicular system (LCS), a microscopic porous structure within bone units, facilitates the transport of nutrients and signaling molecules through interstitial fluid flow. However, the transient behavior of fluid flow within these micro-pores under dynamic loading conditions has not been extensively studied.
Methods
This study constructs a fluid-solid coupling model that aligns with the micro-porous structure of bone, including the Haversian canal, canaliculi, lacunae, and interstitial fluid, to examine interstitial fluid flow within the LCS under dynamic loading with varying frequencies and amplitudes. For the first time, the study explores the relationship between changes in LCS pore volume and fluid velocity and pressure.
Results
The results demonstrate that increasing strain amplitude leads to significant changes in LCS pore volume, which in turn significantly enhances interstitial fluid flow velocity and pressure within the LCS. When the loading amplitudes are 1500 µε, 2000 µε, and 2500 µε, the LCS pore volume changes to 998.4‰, 997.8‰, and 997.3‰ of the original volume, respectively. The average flow velocity at the center of the superficial bone lacuna at these amplitudes is 136%, 177%, and 214% of that at 1000 µε, respectively. Additionally, at a loading amplitude of 1000 µε under three different loading frequencies, the average flow velocities at the center of the superficial bone lacuna are 0.60 µm/s, 1.04 µm/s, and 1.54 µm/s, respectively. This indicates that high-frequency and high-amplitude dynamic loading can promote more vigorous fluid flow and pressure fluctuations.
Conclusions
Dynamic mechanical loading can significantly enhance interstitial fluid flow within the bone lacunae and canaliculi, which positively impacts the normal metabolism and bone remodeling processes of bone cells.
The Application of RPA-PfAgo Technology Combined with Multidimensional Data Analysis in the Rapid Detection of the MTHFR A1298C Polymorphism
Authors: Liu Yaqun , Chen Lianghui , Yang Peikui , Fang Miaofen , Cai Xiaotong , Han Jinkun , Chen Yicun , Xie Chengsong , Lin Min , Zhang Zhenxia , Zheng Yuzhong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study presents a novel approach that integrates recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with PfAgo protein technology for the rapid and precise detection of the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism. Although traditional genotyping methods are effective, they are often limited by complexity, high cost, and the need for specialized equipment. The RPA-PfAgo technique harnesses the swift isothermal amplification of RPA and the high specificity and sensitivity of PfAgo-mediated DNA cleavage, completing the entire process from sample collection to detection within 90 minutes. The utility of this method has been substantiated through a battery of optimization experiments, parameter analysis, and assessments of sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability, along with clinical validation using oral mucosal samples. The findings indicate that this new technology not only substantially reduces detection time and cost but also offers an effective tool for personalized medicine and disease prevention with high accuracy and reliability.
Extinction in the north and colonisation in the south: the latitudinal drivers of community warming.
Authors: Ellis Emilie , Antão Laura , Davrinche Andréa , Laine Anna-Liisa , Mäkinen Jussi , Rees Mark , Saastamoinen Marjo , Conenna Irene , Heliölä Janne , Huikkonen Ida-Maria , Leinonen Reima , Pöyry Juha , Suuronen Anna , Vanhatalo Jarno , Roslin Tomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

As the climate warms, species are shifting their ranges to match their climatic niches, leading to the warming of ecological communities (thermophilisation). We currently have little understanding of the population-level processes driving this community-level warming, particularly at rapidly warming high latitudes. Using 30 years of high-resolution moth monitoring data across a 1,200 km latitudinal gradient in Finland, we found that higher latitude communities are experiencing more rapid thermophilisation. We attribute this spatial variation to community-wide colonisation-extinction dynamics, both for the full community and for different thermal affinity groups. Our findings reveal that latitudinal variation in the pathways underpinning thermophilisation is the net outcome of opposite forces: in the north, community warming is driven by the extinction of cold-affiliated species, while in the south, it is driven by high colonisation rates of warm-affiliated species. Thus, we show how species' thermal affinities influence community reorganisation and highlight the elevated extinction risk among cold-affiliated species.
Negotiating risks to natural capital and stakeholder values in net-zero transitions
Authors: Pascale Andrew , Watson James , Davis Dominic , Smart Simon , Brear Michael , Jones Ryan , Greig Chris 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Global and national commitments on climate imply clean energy and industrial infrastructure deployment, and associated land use change, at an unprecedented scale and speed (1). This could have serious implications for natural capital and other important land uses (2). By integrating a macroscale energy system modelling approach (3) with spatially granular downscaling methods (4) for siting of clean energy infrastructure, we first show that 111,000 km2 of the Australian landmass (roughly ×1.7 the area of mainland Tasmania) could be required for renewable infrastructure in a transition of Australia’s domestic and export economy to net-zero emissions. We use three land use cases that incorporate climate goals with consistent handling of Australian Indigenous estate and varying treatments for biodiversity and agriculture to navigate the risks of achieving both a net-zero goal and the sustainable use of natural capital in an uncertain land-use planning future. We find that a given modelled pathway becomes more resilient to uncertainty when alternate land use cases are considered at the outset and included in the identification of clean energy infrastructure projects. We show that it is possible to proactively undertake integrated, inclusive and iterative modelling and planning that embraces uncertainty and diverse stakeholder views on land use change, as nations decarbonize and tackle complex agricultural (5), environmental, social, and cultural challenges (6,7).
Assessing the Impact of Monetary Policy on Banks' Credit Supply: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: munir Nasir 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The present study aims to examine the complex interplay between monetary policy and banks' credit provision in Pakistan. Monetary policy is a fundamental instrument central banks utilize to manage the money supply and control credit availability. It holds significant importance in influencing economic stability and fostering growth. This study examines multiple dimensions of the relationship mentioned above, encompassing the influence of interest rates, reserve requirements, and open market activities on banks' loan supply. The study utilizes panel data analysis to investigate a comprehensive set of bank-specific features and macroeconomic variables spanning 2005 to 2021. The study examines the impact of a restrictive monetary policy on the provision of credit by banks, providing insights into the relationship between central bank policies and lending practices. The outcomes of this study indicate that monetary policy exerts a substantial influence on banks' loan supply. Elevated interest rates tend to diminish the accessibility of credit, whilst reduced rates incentivize the provision of loans.
Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that alterations in reserve requirements and open market operations have a discernible impact on the loan supply dynamics of banks. Moreover, the research underscores the significance of various variables, including the size of banks, their liquidity levels, capital adequacy, profitability, credit risk, and debt-to-equity ratios, in influencing the accessibility of credit. Macroeconomic factors, such as economic growth and inflation, significantly affect the propensity of banks to provide loans. In summary, this study highlights the complex relationship between monetary policy and the provision of credit by banks, highlighting the importance of central banks carefully adjusting policy tools to promote financial stability and facilitate economic goals. The results of this study offer significant insights for policymakers and financial institutions in Pakistan and add to the larger comprehension of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy on bank lending.
Jel classification: A1, E3, E6, G28, E58
Research of Long-Term Stability of High Sensitivity Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors for Ultra-Low Differential Pressures
Authors: Basov Mikhail 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Long-term stability of output characteristics of piezoresistive pressure sensor chips in the form of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) is one of the most important parameters. The research analyzes the variation of useful signal of high sensitive pressure sensor chips and its errors in mechanical and temperature characteristics, which are also time-dependent. The main feature of this study is the application of the previously developed construction of mechanical part, which allows to achieve a balance between extremely high sensitivity and low error rates for ultra-low pressure range. The research demonstrates the changes after 5 years of aging for 24 pressure sensor chip samples (chip dimension 6.15x6.15 mm2) for pressure range of 0.5 kPa with sensitivity S0,5 after = (34.5 ± 6.0) mV/V/kPa, nonlinearity 2KNL 0.5 after = (0.71 ± 0.47) %/FS and temperature hysteresis up to 0.5% in the temperature range from -30 ⁰C to +60 ⁰C. The results of long-term stability of useful signal shows that the errors for 10 out of 24 samples does not exceed the values of 1.5%, which mostly connects with influence of residual mechanical stresses (RMS) from the assembly design of pressure sensor.
Textgenerierende KI zur Erleichterung der Arbeit von Lehrpersonen?
Authors: Bahr Tobias , Manzocco Mario , Schuster Dennis , Wacker Albrecht 
Published: September 2024

Textgenerierende KI bietet Lehrpersonen neue Möglichkeiten in der Unterrichtsplanung, um Materialien adaptiv auf die Voraussetzungen der Schüler*innen anzupassen. Der Artikel zeigt, wie Aufgaben mithilfe von ChatGPT differenziert werden können. Am konkreten Beispiel „Beschreibe die Gattung Fabel“ wird eine Differenzierung anhand der allgemeindidaktischen Kriterien der Bloom’schen Taxonomie und der sprachlogischen Komplexität vorgenommen. Hierzu werden zwei Verfahren vorgestellt: Einerseits die direkte Eingabe in ChatGPT, andererseits Eingaben in eine erstellte Webseite. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Einsatzes von ChatGPT zur Aufgabendifferenzierung werden abschließend diskutiert.
Optimization and modeling of process parameters for nutrient recovery from sewage wastewater
Authors: Mani Vasanthi , Sathiasivan Kiruthika , Jeyalakshmi R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contamination in wastewater pose significant environmental challenges. Recovering these elements as struvite not only mitigates environmental pollution but also aligns with sustainable development goals by recycling valuable resources. This research hypothesizes that optimized recovery methods can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of struvite crystallization, addressing existing challenges in conventional techniques. To achieve optimal removal and recovery of N and P from sewage, a response surface model was employed. This model allowed for the identification of optimal process conditions and the elucidation of interactions among various components. Key variables impacting struvite recovery were identified using the Plackett–Burman design, while the central composite design was used for further optimization. The study determined the optimized parameters for phosphate recovery to be an Mg:P ratio of 1:2, pH of 10.5, additive concentration of 350 ppm, and a precipitation time of 30 min. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the residual amounts were below 50%. Additionally, the size and surface morphology of the final product were influenced by the process parameters, particularly the Mg:P ratio and pH. An inexpensive, quick, and efficient method to recover struvite fertilizer with a minimum demand of time and chemicals is established toward SDG 2 and 6.
Study on the Adsorption Performance of a Novel Magnetic Graphene Oxide Adsorbent for Uranium
Authors: Chen Zijie , Huang Shaorong , Liu Zhen , Wu Qian , Liu Jingjing , Tan Yan , Xiao Xilin 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The problem of nuclear water pollution is becoming serious worldwide.
Uranium, as a metal substance with long half-life radioactivity, is commonly treated by various
methods. Adsorption is considered to be one of the most promising methods for treating uraniumcontaining
wastewater.

Method:
Magnetic nanoparticles MnFe2O4 were prepared via the coprecipitation method, followed
by modification of silica using the improved Stöber method. Subsequently, amino was functionalized
and grafted onto graphene oxide to prepare a novel magnetic graphene oxide composite
MnFe2O4@SiO2-NH2@GO.

Results:
The highest adsorption rate of MnFe2O4@SiO2-NH2@GO for uranium can reach 97.27% in
1 mg·L-1 uranium solution, and the adsorption process conformed to the quasi-second-order kinetic
model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, indicating that it was a monolayer adsorption dominated
by chemisorption. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the adsorption
process was a spontaneous endothermic reaction.

Conclusion:
MnFe2O4@SiO2-NH2@GO had excellent adsorption properties for uranium, which has
great application potential in the treatment of low-concentration uranium-containing wastewater.