bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Present state and changes that occur within plant communities growing on the floating mat that surrounds the Moszne lake (Polesie National Park)
Authors: Zagórowicz Anna 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The first recordings of flora and vegetation in the surroundings of the Moszne lake (Polesie National Park) started from 1960. In 1980s the water conditions in this area changed and affected the organisms that lived there. The aim of this research was to recognize the present state and changes that occurred within flora and vegetation in the course of 18 years (1995–2013). In 2013, at the beginning of June, 34 phytosociological relevés were made on the floating mat that surrounds the Moszne lake in the same locations as they were done in 1995. The obtained data was collated with figures from the literature by comparing the frequency of plant species and plant communities, average plant species coverage and by calculating Sørensen indexes. The results showed that almost the same plant communities were identified in both terms of research. It was found that 35% of the plant species had disappeared after 18 years and that the biggest increase in percentage coverage was noted in case of Phragmites australis and Sphagnum fallax. Those findings show that it is very difficult and sometimes even impossible to reverse the negative influence of water condition change on bogs.
Analysing the environmental harms caused by coal mining and its protection measures in permafrost regions of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wei Cao , Yu Sheng , Jichun Wu , Shengting Wang 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The coal mining has brought a series of ecological problems and environmental problems in permafrost regions. Taking Muli coal-mining area as an example, this article attempts to analyse the environmental harms caused by coal mining and its protection measures in permafrost regions of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. This article analyses the influence of open mining on the surrounding permafrost around the open pit by using the numerical simulation. The results show that (1) based on the interrelation between coal mining and permafrost environment, these main environmental harm include the permafrost change and the natural environment change in cold regions; (2) once the surface temperature rises due to open mining, the permafrost will disappear with the increase of exploitation life. If considering the solar radiation, the climate conditions and the geological condition around the pit edge, the maximum thaw depth will be more than 2 m; (3) the protection measures are proposed to avoid the disadvantage impact on the permafrost environment caused by coal mining. It will provide a scientific basis for the resource development and environment protection in cold regions.
Determinants of health-related lifestyle. Comparative study of the functioning of young adults in 2003 and 2013
Authors: Ziarko Michał , Rosińska Agnieszka , Sieński Michał 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background - Early adulthood is the developmental stage during which, for the first time, an individual can independently choose their own lifestyle. For the future health of a young adult, it is important that they incorporate healthy behaviors from different health dimensions (somatic, mental, social) into their lifestyle. Analyzing the foregoing issue gives rise to a fundamental question: did intensive social changes experienced after Poland’s accession to the European Union lead to changes in different aspects of a healthy lifestyle? Method - The presented study involved 504 people. The research data was collected in two separate measurements in 2003 (n = 284) and 2013 (n = 220). Subjects were asked to complete sets of questionnaires which measured: health behaviors, health beliefs, social influence, intention. Results - Statistical comparison of means tests and regression equations were conducted. Results demonstrate that young adults were similarly engaged in pro-health activities in both 2003 and 2013. A detailed analysis of health lifestyle factors shows that young adults from the 2013 group care more about their diet, physical activity, and more frequently undergo preventive medical health examinations. Moreover, significant changes in healthy lifestyle factors were reported. The most important observation concerned the changes in health beliefs. Beliefs derived from a holistic-functional model of health played a major role in the 2003 group, whereas in the 2013 group beliefs close to the biomedical model of health were more important. Conclusions - Analyses demonstrate changes in detailed healthy lifestyle factors. At the same time, no significant differences in global measures of concern for one’s health were observed. Importantly, results show modifications in healthy lifestyle factors. It is suggested that the observed differences stem from the social change of the last decade.
Effects of Palm Kernel Shell Ash on Lime-Stabilized Lateritic Soil
Authors: Nnochiri Emeka Segun , Ogundipe Olumide M. , Oluwatuyi Opeyemi E. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The research investigated the effects of palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) on lime-stabilized lateritic soil. Preliminary tests were performed on three soil samples, i.e., L1, L2 and L3 for identification; the results showed that L1 was A-7-6, L2 was A-7-6, and L3 was A-7-6. The optimum amount of lime for each of the soil samples was achieved. The optimum amount for L1 was 10%, for L2, 8% and for L3, 10%; at these values they recorded the lowest plasticity indexes. The further addition of PKSA was performed by varying the amount of PKSA and lime added to each of the soil samples. The addition of 4% PKSA+ 6% lime, the addition of 4% PKSA + 4% lime, and the addition of 4% PKSA + 6% lime increased the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) to the highest values for L1, L2 and L3 from 8.20%. It was concluded that PKSA can be a suitable complement for lime stabilization in lateritic soil.
Assessment of Trends and Variability of Rainfall and Temperature for the District of Mandi in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Mohd Wani John , Sarda V. K. , Jain Sanjay. K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractClimate variability, particularly, that of the annual air temperature and precipitation, has received a great deal of attention worldwide. The magnitude of the variability of the factors changes according to the locations. The present study focuses on detecting the trends and variability in the annual temperature and rainfall for the district of Mandi in Himachal Pradesh, India. This study used annual and monsoon time series data for the time period 1981-2010 and modified the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator in analyzing the problem. The results of the analysis indicate that the annual maximum temperature (TMX) and annual minimum temperature (TMN) for the period of 30 years have shown an increasing trend, whereas the monsoon’s maximum and minimum temperatures have shown a decreasing trend, although it is statistically not significant. The amount of annual rainfall does not show any significant trend, but the monsoonal rainfall has shown an increasing trend that is also statistically not significant. The resulting Mann-Kendall test statistic (Z) and Sen’s slope estimate (Q) of all the parameters studied indicate that changes are occurring in the magnitude and timing of the precipitation and temperature events at the Mandi station.
Immunization, Antibiotic Use, and Pneumococcal Colonization Over a 15-Year Period
Authors: Lee Grace M. , Kleinman Ken , Pelton Stephen , Lipsitch Marc , Huang Susan S. , Lakoma Matt , Dutta-Linn Maya , Rett Melisa , Hanage William P. , Finkelstein Jonathan A. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND:
Rates of invasive pneumococcal disease have declined since widespread introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in the United States. We evaluated the impact of immunization status and recent antibiotic use on an individual child’s risk of colonization.

METHODS:
This study extends previously reported data from children &lt;7 years of age seen for well child or acute care visits in Massachusetts communities. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected during 6 surveillance seasons from 2000 to 2014. Parent surveys and medical record reviews confirmed immunization status and recent antibiotic use. We estimated the proportions of children colonized with PCV7-included, additional PCV13-included, and non-PCV13 serotypes. Risk factors for colonization with additional PCV13-included and non-PCV13 serotypes were assessed by using generalized linear mixed models adjusted for clustering by community.

RESULTS:
Among 6537 children, 19A emerged as the predominant serotype in 2004, with substantial reductions in 2014. Among non-PCV serotypes, 15B/C, 35B, 23B, 11A, and 23A were most common in 2014. We observed greater odds for both additional PCV13 and non-PCV13 colonization in younger children, those with more child care exposure, and those with a concomitant respiratory tract infection. Adjusted odds for additional PCV13 colonization was lower (odds ratio 0.48 [95% confidence interval 0.31–0.75]) among children up-to-date for PCV13 vaccines. Recent antibiotic use was associated with higher odds of additional PCV13 colonization but substantially lower odds of non-PCV13 colonization.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite the success of pneumococcal vaccines in reducing colonization and disease due to targeted serotypes, ongoing community-based surveillance will be critical to evaluate the impact of interventions on pneumococcal colonization and disease.
Creative Approaches to Teaching Graduate Research Methods Workshops
Authors: Reilly Peter 
Published: October 2017

Engagement and deeper learning were enhanced by developing several innovative teaching strategies delivered in Research Methods workshops to Graduate Business Students. Focusing primarily on students adopting a creative approach to formulating a valid research question for undertaking a dissertation successfully. These techniques are applicable to most subject domains to ensure student engagement. Addressing the various multiple intelligences and learning styles existing within groups while ensuring these sessions are student centred and conducive to a collaborative learning environment. Blogs, interactive tutorials, online videos, games and posters, are used to develop student’s cognitive and metacognitive abilities. Using novelty images appeals to a groups’ intellectual curiosity, acting as an interpretive device to explain the value of adopting a holistic rather than analytic approach towards a topic.
SÍNDROME METABÓLICA E ESTRESSE DE AGENTES DE SEGURANÇA PENITENCIÁRIA
Authors: Silva Andréa Luísa Ribeiro Roque , Sales Geovana Eduarda Ribeiro Bueno , Fonseca Leila Fátima Maioqui Fonseca , Astolfo Marcos Henrique , Manoel Paula Gamba , Silva Pollyanna Oliveira da , Santos Carlos Alexandre , Zenun Elias Antônio Augusto , Silveira Cristiane Aparecida , Freitas Cristiane Fonseca 
Published: October 2017

Introdução: O trabalho dos agentes de Segurança Penitenciária é estressante, com reflexos diretos na saúde laboral. Objetivo: comparar fatores de risco que desencadeiam Síndrome Metabólica relacionada ao estresse nos agentes penitenciários. Material e Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, transversal, descritivo realizado com agentes de segurança penitenciária de um município de Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se instrumento semiestruturado para caracterização amostral, exames antropométricos, avaliação da pressão arterial, coleta de sangue para análise bioquímica. O estresse foi avaliado com o Inventário de Sintomas de estresse de Lipp. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comité de Ética em Pesquisa (Parecer 110218 CAAE: 05360512.9.0000.5137). A análise foi a partir da estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Foram pesquisadas 38 agentes de Segurança Penitenciária. Os agentes, masculinos e femininos, respectivamente, apresentaram os seguintes parâmetros: média de idade 33,00 ± 1,86 anos vs 33,37±1,36 anos. Quanto aos exames alterados: pressão arterial 23,33% 138,81/93,09 ± 1,42/1,50 mmHg) vs 12,5% (145,00/94,5±2,89/0,50 mmHg); glicemia 36% (101,67 ± 1,68 mg/dl) vs 37,50% (110,11 ± 3,94 mg/dl); triglicerídeos 26,57% (317,50 ± 26,57 mg/dl) vs 15,22% (233,83 ± 15,22 mg/dl); HDL baixo 46,67 % (30,92 ± 1,4 mg/dl) vs 75% (35,59 ± 2,27 mg/dl); Circunferência abdominal aumentada 14,44% (110,6 ± 2,12 cm) vs 50% (97,00 ± 2,86 cm); obesidade 37,50% (33,53 ± 0,72) vs 23,33% (33,13 ± 0,53); colesterol total alto 18,75% (272 ± 7 mg/dl); LDL alto 18,75% (168,40 ± 2,40 mg/dl) nos homens e nas mulheres 10% (170,07 ± 2,59 mg/dl); 70,00% dos homens e 100% das mulheres em alguma fase de estresse. Conclusão: As mulheres tiveram maiores médias de pressão arterial e glicemia, bem como todas estavam em estresse. Entretanto, as frequências de dados alterados foram maiores entre os homens. O estudo mostra a correlação entre as variáveis que definem Síndrome Metabólica e estresse entre agentes prisionais, sendo que a maioria dessas variáveis é modificável.
Mystery in parotid
Authors: Mohanapriya T. , Karthikeyan T. P. , Singh K. Balaji , Arulappan T. 
Published: October 2017

Background: Parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands present in the body. Neoplastic lesions in parotid gland always causes difficulty in tissue diagnosis due to their diversified histology. Lesion in the superficial lobe of parotid is more amenable for clinical diagnosis but deep lobe lesion requires imaging to confirm the diagnosis. Managing parotid swelling seems like a mystery due to these issues.Methods: There were 30 patients who presented with complaints of swelling in the parotid region. For all these patients detailed history was taken and clinical examination was done and findings noted. Contract enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the parotid region was done followed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and the management was planned accordingly.Results: All the 30 patients were within the age group of 25 years to 65 years. All the patients presented with swelling in the parotid region. Among the 30 patients, 10 patients had complaints of associated pain in the parotid region. On clinical examination, all the patients had lesion in the superficial lobe of parotid and 2 patients had deep lobe involvement. 1 patient had features of facial nerve palsy. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was done. For all the patients’ surgical management was planned accordingly.Conclusions: Routinely submitting all parotid swelling patients to Fine needle aspiration cytology and computed tomography helps to solve the mystery of diversified histology and presentation.
Study of hepatic involvement in children with dengue infection
Authors: Tirumani Hima Bindu , Bejugam Vinay Kumar , Naseem Altaf , Hussain Arshad , Nizarlalani . 
Published: October 2017

Background: Liver dysfunction in children is variable and depends on disease severity. This study was undertaken to identify the range of hepatic involvement in children with dengue infection.Methods: It is a cross sectional observational study conducted in serologically positive dengue fever in children aged between 1-14 years. Hepatic function was studied in all suspected cases over a period of 1 year from June 2015 to June 2016.Results: Out of 55 cases admitted, liver function tests showed AST levels elevated more than 45U/L in 20 (86.9%) DF, 29 (100%) DHF, 3 (100%) DSS patients. ALT levels were elevated more than 45U/L in 16 (69.5%) DF, 24 (82.75%) DHF, 3 (100%) DSS patients. More than 10 fold increase in levels of both AST and ALT was seen in severe dengue.Conclusions: Dengue infection is associated with variable levels of liver dysfunction. The incidence of hepatic dysfunction is more in patients with dengue fever with warning signs and severe dengue. Significant elevation of transaminase levels helps in predicting the occurrence of severe dengue. It is important to be aware of this entity which needs significant attention and management.
Comparison of continuous infusional 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine in preoperative chemo radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: experience from a tertiary cancer centre from Southern India
Authors: Nandennavar Manjunath I. , Karpurmath Shashidhar V. , Narayanan Geeta S. , Ashwath Rajshri , Mandakulutur Ganesh 
Published: October 2017

Background: Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation (CTRT) is the recommended treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. 5 Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been the standard chemotherapy drug, but recent studies have proved Capecitabine (CA) is as effective as 5-FU in terms of local response, distant recurrences and overall survival except toxicities. We conducted this study to evaluate acute toxicities and local response rates between 5-FU and CA as neoadjuvant treatment modality combined with radiation.Methods: All patients with newly biopsy proven adenocarcinoma of rectum of TNM stage T3N0/ any T with N1,N2 and in whom curative treatment was planned with concurrent chemoradiation dose of 5040cGy in 28 fractions were included in the study. From January 2013 to June 2014, a total of thirty patients were enrolled in this study, fifteen patients received 5-FU (arm A) and fifteen patients received CA (arm B) during concurrent chemoradiation. All patients were evaluated for acute toxicities during treatment using RTOG criteria. Local response was assessed radiographically after four weeks of completion of CTRT utilising RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) criteria and also assessed for surgery simultaneously. Postoperatively adjuvant chemotherapy was considered in all patients.Results: Grade III toxicities were more in 5-FU arm compared to CA arm. The local response rates were almost same in both the arms, partial response in 5-FU and CA arm were 53.3% and 60% respectively.Conclusions: This is the first Indian study comparing Capecitabine and continuous Infusional 5FU in neoadjuvant CTRT of standard advanced rectal cancer patients. Oral Capecitabine had same efficacy when compared to 5-FU in terms of local response rates as neoadjuvant treatment modality in locally advanced rectal cancer, but CA was better tolerated with better patient compliance and was less toxic.
A clinicopathological study of primary localised cutaneous amyloidosis
Authors: Panicker Vinitha V. , Jagadeesan Soumya , Anjaneyan Gopikrishnan , S. Lekshmi , Eapen Malini , V. Sreedevan , Thomas Jacob 
Published: October 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Amyloidosis is defined as extracellular deposits of heterogenic, misfolded proteins, amyloid fibrils, in various tissues. The term primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA) usually includes macular amyloidosis (MA), lichen amyloidosis (LA) and nodular amyloidosis. Primary cutaneous amyloidosis is very common in Kerala probably due to socio-cultural practices. There has been no published data on PLCA from Kerala thus we undertook this study. The objectives of the study were to correlate clinical features of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis with histopathologic findings; to evaluate the sensitivity of Congo red staining with polarized light in histopathologically proven primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis)</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We undertook an observational analysis for a period of 2 years from May 2012 to April 2014 in the Department of Dermatology, Amrita Institute, Cochin. All cases clinically diagnosed as cutaneous amylodosis were included in the study. After informed consent, skin biopsy was taken. The histopathologic sections were stained with Congo red and seen under polarized microscopy for apple green birefrengance.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 70 patients were included in the study. Of the 70 cases, there were 20 males and 50 females. The most common clinical type was lichen amylodosis observed in 32 patients followed by macular amylodosis (28) and biphasic amyloidosis (10) cases. Histopathological compatibility was seen in 71% of MA and 89% cases of LA. Congored positivity was seen in 53.8%. Congored stain under immunofluorescence microscopy was done for 30 patients which gave a positivity of 85% which indicates that it is more sensitive that polarizing microscopy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study showed that the most common type is lichen amylodosis. Histopathology and congo red staining with polarized light is a valuable aid in diagnosis. Congo red stain under immunofluorescence microscopy has greater sensitivity and improves the diagnostic yield. </p>
Anarquia em Sicília – uma revolta de escravos na Siracusa Antiga 491/490 A.C.
Authors: Herrmann Moritz 
Published: October 2017

No ano 491 ou 490 a.C. o <em>demos</em> de Siracusa, uma das principais cidades gregas na parte oriental da ilha de Sicília, se alia aos <em>kyllyrioi,</em> uma população agrária escravizada, expulsando a aristocracia escravocrata e latifundiária dos <em>gamoroi</em> da cidade. Segue-se o que Aristóteles chama de um estado de <em>anarquia</em>, que é somente terminado com a ascensão da tirania de Gelão, que cria uma nova ordem política em Siracusa. Este artigo pretende examinar a relevância da análise de classes para o entendimento destes eventos, ponderando assim também a relevância da categoria para a história da antiguidade em geral. Adicionalmente, se tenciona mostrar, como classe e trabalho na Sicília antiga estavam vinculados a relações espaciais, criando assim uma situação de fronteira que moldou a forma das lutas político-sociais sicilianas no 5º século a.C.
A Novel Approach To Detect Interacting Behavior Between Hydraulic Fracture and Natural Fracture by Use of Semianalytical Pressure-Transient Model
Authors: Xiao Cong , Tian Leng , Zhang Yayun , Hou Tengfei , Yang Yaokun , Deng Ya , Wang Yanchen , Chen Sheng 
Published: October 2017

Summary
The detection of interacting behavior between the hydraulic fracture (HF) and the natural fracture (NF) is of significance to accurately and efficiently characterize an underground complex-fracture system induced by hydraulic-fracturing technology. This work develops a semianalytical pressure-transient model in the Laplace domain to detect interacting behavior between HF and NF depending on pressure-transient characteristics. Our results have shown that no matter what the flow state (compressible or incompressible flow) within a hydraulically induced fracture system, we can easily detect interacting behavior between HF and NF depending on whether the “dip” shape occurs at the formation radial-flow regime. Referring to sensitivity analysis, distance between NF and well, horizontal distance between NF and HF, and NF length are the three most sensitive factors to detect fracture-interacting behavior. Depending on interference analysis, although the pressure-transient characteristics of a pseudosteady-state dual-porosity model can interfere with our proposed methodology, the difference between our model and a pseudosteady-state dual-porosity system lies in whether the value of the horizontal line of dimensionless pressure derivative is equal to 0.5 at the formation radial-flow regime. Our work obtains some innovative insights into detecting fracture-interacting behavior, and the valuable results can provide significant guidance for refracturing operations and fracture detection in an underground fracture system.