bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Vasospasm: A Useful New Tool in the Management of Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Hertel Frank , Walter Christof , Bettag Martin , Mörsdorf Maria , Macdonald R. Loch , Schackert Gabriele , Findlay J. Max 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Cerebral vasospasm (VSP) is one of the most important risk factors for the development of a delayed neurological deficit after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (pwMRI) provides the possibility of detecting tissue at risk for infarction. The objective of our study was to evaluate the feasibility and impact of pwMRI in the management of SAH patients.

METHODS:
From a consecutive series of 180 patients experiencing SAH and treated at our institution over a 3-year period, we identified 20 who underwent pwMRI during their acute illness. For these 20 patients, the results of pwMRI were compared with the results of diffusion-weighted MRI, transcranial Doppler sonography, and neurological examinations performed at the same time and with repeated pwMRI examinations of the same patient at different times.

RESULTS:
Nineteen of 20 patients showed perfusion changes predominantly in the time maps. Fifteen of 19 patients with changes in pwMRI had a neurological deficit at the same time. In 7 of 15 patients with neurological deterioration, transcranial Doppler sonography showed signs of VSP, whereas all 15 patients showed alterations in pwMRI. The areas of perfusion changes in pwMRI correlated well with the neurological deficits of the patients and were larger than the areas of changed diffusion in diffusion-weighted MRI performed at the same time. There were no clinical complications with regard to the pwMRI examinations.

CONCLUSION:
pwMRI is safe and helpful in the management of patients with VSP after SAH. The sensitivity of pwMRI is higher than that of transcranial Doppler sonography in the detection of decreased perfusion as a result of VSP. pwMRI can detect tissue at risk before definitive infarction occurs and therefore may lead to a change of therapy in those patients.
Implanted Ventricular Shunts in the United States: The Billion-dollar-a-year Cost of Hydrocephalus Treatment
Authors: Patwardhan Ravish V. , Nanda Anil 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
To characterize admissions related to ventricular shunts in the year 2000 in terms of diagnoses, procedures, socioeconomic status, and other related data.

METHODS:
The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (year 2000) was analyzed retrospectively. We reviewed 7.45 million patient admissions for primary International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, procedure codes 023 to 0243 (ventricular shunts to peritoneal, atrial, pleural, and urinary systems for initial placement, revision, and removal); admissions listing ventriculostomy placement (code 022) were excluded from analysis.

RESULTS:
Five thousand five hundred seventy-four admissions were identified. Admission sources primarily were routine (58.8%) and the emergency department (32.4%). Admission types primarily were elective (43.3%), emergent (33.2%), and urgent (21.9%). The top three primary diagnoses treated were shunt malfunction (40.7%), noncommunicating hydrocephalus (16.6%), and communicating hydrocephalus (13.2%). Shunt infection was the primary diagnosis in 7.2% of admissions. Age frequency of admissions was nonparametric, being highest for infants; the average stay was 8.4 ± 0.2 days (standard error range, 0–243 d). The most common procedures were ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement (43.4%) and ventricular shunt replacement (42.8%); ventricular shunt removal occurred in 7.3% of admissions, whereas ventricle-to-thorax (0.6%), ventricle-to-circulatory system (0.5%), and ventricle-to-urinary system (0.05%) shunts were rare. Average cost was $35,816 ± $810 (standard error range, $137–$814,748). Primary payers primarily were private insurers (43.8%), Medicare (26.0%), and Medicaid (24.5%). Disposition mainly was routine (78.4%, with home health care in 6.5%), and inpatient mortality was 2.7%. There was no socioeconomic disproportion in treatment with respect to average household income.

CONCLUSION:
Ventricular shunts as primary procedures constitute a significant medical and economic problem.
Rotational Vertebrobasilar Ischemia: Hemodynamic Assessment and Surgical Treatment
Authors: Vilela Marcelo D. , Goodkin Robert , Lundin David A. , Newell David W. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Rotational vertebrobasilar insufficiency is a severe and incapacitating condition. Proper investigation and management are essential to reestablish normal posterior circulation hemodynamics, improve symptoms, and prevent stroke. We present a series of 10 patients with rotational vertebrobasilar ischemia who were treated surgically and emphasize the importance of transcranial Doppler in the diagnosis and management of this condition.

METHODS:
All patients presented with symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency induced by head turning. Transcranial Doppler documented a significant decrease in the posterior cerebral artery velocities during head turning that correlated with the symptoms in all patients. A dynamic cerebral angiogram was performed to demonstrate the site and extent of vertebral artery compression.

RESULTS:
The surgical technique performed was tailored to each individual patient on the basis of the anatomic location, pathogenesis, and mechanism of the vertebral artery compression. Five patients underwent removal of osteophytes at the level of the subaxial cervical spine, one patient had a discectomy, two patients had a decompression only at the level of C1–C2, and two patients had a decompression and fusion at the C1–C2 level.

CONCLUSION:
The transcranial Doppler is extremely useful to document the altered hemodynamics preoperatively and verify the return of normal posterior circulation velocities after the surgical decompression in patients with rotational vertebrobasilar ischemia. Surgical treatment is very effective, and excellent long-term results can be expected in the vast majority of patients after decompression of the vertebral artery.
Catálogo da Coleção de Pergaminhos do Hospital de São Lázaro de Coimbra (1197-1723)
Authors: Queirós Abílio , Bandeira Ana Maria Leitão 
Published: July 2016

No fundo documental do Hospital de São Lázaro de Coimbra, originalmente designado por Gafaria de Coimbra, existente no Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra, está inserida uma Coleção de Pergaminhos que é divulgada no presente trabalho. Foi elaborado o seu catálogo, permitindo, através deste instrumento de descrição documental, conhecer cada uma das 121 unidades pergamináceas que formam esta Coleção, datadas de 1197 a 1723. Entre as diversas tipologias documentais avultam, sobremaneira, as Cartas de aforamento e de emprazamento de propriedades do Hospital, mas também Cartas régias de D. Afonso IV, D. Fernando, D. João I, D. Afonso V e D. João V, Cartas de doações de bens ao Hospital, pelos seus doentes gafos, Cartas de compra e venda, bem como Sentenças de diversos juízes de Coimbra e de outras instâncias judiciais. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-7974_29_1
Effect of methotrexate and doxorubicin cumulative doses on superoxide dismutase levels in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ningsih Khalida Fetriyani , Mulatsih Sri , Nugroho Sasmito 
Published: July 2016

Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the mostcommon malignancy in children. Chemotherapeutic drugs forALL such as methotrexate (Mtx) and doxorubicin producereactive oxygen species (ROS), a type of free radical. The ROScan reduce levels of antioxidants in the body, including superoxidedismutase (SOD). Decreased SOD levels can cause DNA, lipid,and protein damage, which in turn may lead to adverse effectsand treatment failure.Objective To determine the effect of Mtx and doxorubicincumulative doses on SOD levels in children with ALL.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in childrenwith ALL who underwent chemotherapy in Dr. Sardjito Hospitalin October 2011 who had completed the induction phase. Riskfactors for decreased SOD levels were analyzed by Cox regressionand hazard ratio, with a significant level of P <0.05.Results Of 40 patients enrolled, Mtx ≥ 3000 mg/m2 significantlydecreased SOD levels (HR 9.959; 95%CI 2.819 to 35.183; P=0.001). However, doxorubicin ≥90 mg/m2 did not significantlydecrease SOD levels (HR 0.59 95%CI 0.194 to 1.765; P=0.34).Conclusion Methotrexate is associated with decreased SOD levelsin children with ALL. However, doxorubicin is not associated withdecreased SOD levels in the same patient population.
On the control of the difference between two
Brownian motions: a dynamic copula
approach
Authors: Deschatre Thomas 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We propose new copulae to model the dependence between two Brownian motions and to control
the distribution of their difference. Our approach is based on the copula between the Brownian motion and
its reflection. We show that the class of admissible copulae for the Brownian motions are not limited to the
class of Gaussian copulae and that it also contains asymmetric copulae. These copulae allow for the survival
function of the difference between two Brownian motions to have higher value in the right tail than in the
Gaussian copula case. Considering two Brownian motions B1t and B2t, the main result is that the range of
possible values for is the same for Markovian pairs and all pairs of Brownian
motions, that is
with φ being the cumulative distribution function of a standard Gaussian
random variable.
On subordinate random walks
Authors: Mimica Ante 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In this article subordination of random walks in

ℝ
d

${{\mathbb{R}}^{d}}$

is considered. We prove that subordination of random walks in the sense of [4] yields the same process as subordination in the sense of Lévy processes. Furthermore, we prove that appropriately scaled subordinate random walk converges to a multiple of a rotationally

2
⁢
α

${2\alpha}$

-stable process if and only if the Laplace exponent of the corresponding subordinator varies regularly at zero with index

α
∈

(
0
,
1
]

${\alpha\in(0,1]}$

.
Current state of the use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) and view on the future development of MSUS training and services in Hong Kong: Results of a survey among the members of the Hong Kong Society of Rheumatology
Authors: Pui-Yan Wong Stella , Ho-Tze Kwan Carmen 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Objective
To document the current state of the use of musculoskeletal US (MSUS) and view on the future development of MSUS training and services among the members of the Hong Kong Society of Rheumatology.

Methods
A three-page anonymous questionnaire, divided into three sections (demographics, current state of the MSUS service, and view on future development of MSUS training and services), was sent (either in electronic format or in hardcopy) to 79 members (70 full members and 9 ordinary members) of the Hong Kong Society of Rheumatology. The aim is to inquire about the use of MSUS by rheumatologists, their views on the future development of MSUS training and service in Hong Kong.

Results
28 (35%) out of 79 members responded to the questionnaire (including 25 fellows and 3 trainees working in public hospitals and private sector). 25 responders (89.3%; 25/28) were using MSUS in their daily practice for making diagnoses, guiding interventions or follow-up disease. Although 90% (25/28) of the responders’ institutes provided the MSUS service by the Radiology Department, 70% of them got long waiting time, and the Radiology Department did not provide the MSUS service to every joint region. Despite the widespread use of MSUS among rheumatologists, more than 90% of the responders could only do less than 10 scans per week. Lack of time and manpower, lack of expertise, high cost of equipment, and lack of support for training were important obstacles in developing the MSUS service. 18 (64%) responders in our survey tended to agree that MSUS training should be incorporated in the rheumatology training.

Conclusions
In conclusion, this is the first survey demonstrating the current state of the use of MSUS in Hong Kong and a huge growth in demand for the service development and formal training in MSUS. A number of challenges in terms of lack of time and manpower, lack of expertise, high cost of equipment, and lack of support for training is evident.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for rheumatic diseases
Authors: Yeung Winnie Wan-Yin , Lau Chak-Sing 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy (MSCT) is an innovative treatment for rheumatic diseases. Underlying mechanism of how MSCT works in rheumatic diseases are still uncertain and with various hypotheses. Animal studies in MSCT show conflicting results mainly attributed by the differences in administration methods of MSCT, types of MSC use and randomization procedures. Human studies of MSCT are so far small scale but with satisfactory results in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Human studies of MSCT, however, showed less rewarding results in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Larger scale studies are needed to confirm the efficiency of MSCT as well as the safety profile in human use.
Effect of Combined Air-Drying-Osmotic Dehydration on Kinetics of Techno-functional Properties, Color and Total Phenol Contents of Lemon (Citrus limon. v. lunari) Peels
Authors: Ghanem Romdhane N. , Djendoubi N. , Bonazzi C. , Kechaou N. , Boudhrioua Mihoubi N. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Combined osmotic dehydration (sucrose solution: 50–70 % w/w, 30–50 °C for 2 h followed by air drying at 40 and 60 °C) is an appropriate process for preservation of oil retention capacity, lightness and yellowness of lemon peels (Citrus limon. v. lunari). Incorporation of sugars to lemon cuboids pieces increased drying rate during the first falling rate phase of the air dehydration step and improved their color stability. Osmotic dehydration process allows protective effect against further total phenol loss during air drying: significant loss of total phenol content (70–80 %) was recorded during osmotic dehydration and then it remains constant during air drying at 40 and 60 °C. For the investigated temperature of osmotic pre-treatment (30–50 °C), water retention capacities were reduced by up to 70 % and were maintained constant during air drying.
Impact of severe cracked germanium (111) substrate on aluminum indium gallium phosphate light-emitting-diode’s electro-optical performance
Authors: Annaniah Luruthudass , Devarajan Mutharasu 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Cracked die is a serious failure mode in the Light Emitting Diode (LED) industry – affecting LED quality and long-term reliability performance. In this paper an investigation has been carried out to find the correlation between severe cracked germanium (Ge) substrate of an aluminum indium gallium phosphate (AlInGaP) LED and its electro-optical performance after the Temperature Cycle (TC) test. The LED dice were indented at several bond forces using a die bonder. The indented dice were analysed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The result showed that severe cracks were observed at 180 gF onward. As the force of indentation increases, crack formation also becomes more severe thus resulting in the chipping of the substrate. The cracked dies were packaged and the TC test was performed. The results did not show any electro-optical failure or degradation, even after a 1000 cycle TC test. Several mechanically cross-sectioned cracked die LEDs, were analysed using SEM and found that no crack reached the active layer. This shows that severely cracked Ge substrate are able to withstand a −40°C/+100°C TC test up to 1000 cycles and LED optical performance is not affected. A small leakage current was observed in all of the cracked die LEDs in comparison to the reference unit. However, this value is smaller than the product specification and is of no concern.
A time-delay equation: well-posedness to optimal control
Authors: Yildirim Kenan , Alkan Sertan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In this paper, well-posedness, controllability and optimal control for a time-delay beam equation are studied. The equation of motion is modeled as a time-delayed distributed parameter system(DPS) and includes Heaviside functions and their spatial derivatives due to the finite size of piezoelectric patch actuators used to suppress the excessive vibrations based on displacement and moment conditions. The optimal control problem is defined with the performance index including a weighted quadratic functional of the displacement and velocity which is to be minimized at a given terminal time and a penalty term defined as the control voltage used in the control duration. Optimal control law is obtained by using Maximum principle and hence, the optimal control problem is transformed the into a boundary-, initial and terminal value problem.The explicit solution of the control problem is obtained by eigenfunction expansions of the state and adjoint variables. Numerical results are presented to show the effectiveness and applicability of the piezoelectric control.
On negacyclic codes over the ring ℤp + uℤ
p
+ . . . + u

k + 1 ℤ
p
Authors: Singh Abhay Kumar , Pattanayak Sukhamoy , Mahato Amrit Kumar , Patel Manoj Kumar 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We investigate the structure of negacyclic codes over the chain ring ℤ
p
[u]/〈 u

k
〉, which plays an important role in data transmission technologies. We study the set of generators for these codes. We also discuss the rank and hamming distance for these codes. We give some examples of negacyclic codes which are near to optimal.
Weighted Monte Carlo estimators for angular distributions of the solar radiation reflected from a cloud layer
Authors: Mikhailov Gennady A. , Prigarin Sergey M. , Rozhenko Sergey A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe paper is focused on development of weighted Monte Carlo methods allowing one to estimate simultaneously the characteristics of the radiation field reflected from the medium based on a single Markov chain and in a sufficiently wide range of wavelengths. Such Markov chain is constructed with the use of a special ‘artificial’ scattering phase function whose choice is approximately optimized according to the criterion of minimum of the spectral maximum of the variance of estimates. The efficiency of the considered weighted method is studied on a model problem related to scattering of solar radiation by a cloud layer. The weighted method developed in the present article is aimed to supercomputer simulation.
The Sensorimotor System Can Sculpt Behaviorally Relevant Representations for Motor Learning
Authors: Franklin David W. , Batchelor Alexandra V. , Wolpert Daniel M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe coordinate system in which humans learn novel motor skills is controversial. The representation of sensorimotor skills has been extensively studied by examining generalization after learning perturbations specifically designed to be ambiguous as to their coordinate system. Recent studies have found that learning is not represented in any simple coordinate system and can potentially be accounted for by a mixed representation. Here, instead of probing generalization, which has led to conflicting results, we examine whether novel dynamics can be learned when explicitly and unambiguously presented in particular coordinate systems. Subjects performed center–out reaches to targets in the presence of a force field, while varying the orientation of their hand (i.e., the wrist angle) across trials. Different groups of subjects experienced force fields that were explicitly presented either in Cartesian coordinates (field independent of hand orientation), in object coordinates (field rotated with hand orientation), or in anti-object coordinates (field rotated counter to hand orientation). Subjects learned to represent the dynamics when presented in either Cartesian or object coordinates, learning these as well as an ambiguous force field. However, learning was slower for the object-based dynamics and substantially impaired for the anti-object presentation. Our results show that the motor system is able to tune its representation to at least two natural coordinate systems but is impaired when the representation of the task does not correspond to a behaviorally relevant coordinate system. Our results show that the motor system can sculpt its representation through experience to match those of natural tasks.
Negotiating “Historical Truth”
Authors: Goldman Leah 
Published: July 2016

In 1925, when Soviet composer Iurii Shaporin began writing his first opera, Polina Gebl’, about the Decembrist Ivan Annenkov and the French emigrée shopgirl who followed him into exile, he had no idea how tumultuous its journey would be. It took twenty-eight years and countless revisions for the opera to gain official approval. When it finally premiered at the Bolshoi Theater in 1953, with the title The Decembrists, the love story had been backgrounded and the historical plot line vastly expanded; scenes, characters, and arias had been added, dropped, or altered; and Polina herself had been written out entirely.
The negotiated process by which Polina became The Decembrists reveals much about the evolving relationship between music and power in the Soviet Union, especially in the high-stakes realm of Socialist Realist opera, in which a suitable exemplar had yet to be produced. Amidst the pressures of the late-Stalinist state’s assault on the creative intelligentsia, and in the wake of major opera scandals in the 1930s and 1940s, the Bolshoi Theater saw in Shaporin’s work an ideal candidate to fill this void: a historical opera with an unimpeachable subject, the Decembrist Revolution, understood as the foundation point of the revolutionary legacy to which the Bolsheviks laid claim. This article analyzes the intense negotiations among Shaporin, the Bolshoi and its consultants, and official censors to ensure The Decembrists’ historical accuracy, which they believed would guarantee its acceptance. Yet, as the article demonstrates, while Soviet musical authorities upheld “historical truth” as their standard, in the end the Socialist Realist ideal of “artistic truth” was far more important for The Decembrists’ success.