bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase‐shift full bridge power supply based on SiC devices
Authors: Liu Guobing , Wang Kui , Qu Cangqi , Liu Shaogang , Jia Qi , Li Yongdong 
Published: February 2018

In order to accurately obtain the switching characteristics of SiC MOSFET in practical application, a dual pulse test circuit is used to test the SiC MOSFET in this subject. By analysing the double pulse test circuit and taking into account the parasitic parameters, the effects of different gate resistances (R g) and the capacitance between gate and source (C gs) on the switching characteristics of the SiC MOSFET are summarised. Also, a phase‐shifted full‐bridge power supply based on SiC device is designed, which can be changed from 270 V direct current (DC) to 220 V alternating current (AC)/50 Hz, which consists of two stages. The first stage is the phase shifted full bridge ZVS DC/DC converter, which will boost the 270 V DC to the 350 V DC; the latter is a single‐phase full bridge inverter, and the 350 V DC will be converted to the 220 V AC/50 Hz. The power supply uses the SiC MOSFET as the switch tube, which can reduce the switching loss, improve the switching frequency and reduce the volume of the transformer. A rectifier circuit using a SiC Schottky diode, with almost no reverse recovery process, greatly reduced the transformer side parasitic oscillation and improved the efficiency of the power supply. In this study, the design method of the parameters of the power supply is described in detail. Finally, the rationality of the design of the power supply parameters is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation and experimental prototypes.
Long-lasting injection of solar energetic electrons into the heliosphere
Authors: Dresing N. , Gómez-Herrero R. , Heber B. , Klassen A. , Temmer M. , Veronig A. 
Published: February 2018

Context. The main sources of solar energetic particle (SEP) events are solar flares and shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). While it is generally accepted that energetic protons can be accelerated by shocks, whether or not these shocks can also efficiently accelerate solar energetic electrons is still debated. In this study we present observations of the extremely widespread SEP event of 26 Dec 2013 To the knowledge of the authors, this is the widest longitudinal SEP distribution ever observed together with unusually long-lasting energetic electron anisotropies at all observer positions. Further striking features of the event are long-lasting SEP intensity increases, two distinct SEP components with the second component mainly consisting of high-energy particles, a complex associated coronal activity including a pronounced signature of a shock in radio type-II observations, and the interaction of two CMEs early in the event.
Aims. The observations require a prolonged injection scenario not only for protons but also for electrons. We therefore analyze the data comprehensively to characterize the possible role of the shock for the electron event.
Methods. Remote-sensing observations of the complex solar activity are combined with in situ measurements of the particle event. We also apply a graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) model to the coronagraph observations of the two associated CMEs to analyze their interaction.
Results. We find that the shock alone is likely not responsible for this extremely wide SEP event. Therefore we propose a scenario of trapped energetic particles inside the CME–CME interaction region which undergo further acceleration due to the shock propagating through this region, stochastic acceleration, or ongoing reconnection processes inside the interaction region. The origin of the second component of the SEP event is likely caused by a sudden opening of the particle trap.
Cartilage Restoration: Microfracture and Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation
Authors: Redondo Michael , Beer Adam , Yanke Adam 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe treatment of patellofemoral cartilage defects presents several distinct challenges when compared with cartilage restoration techniques used for other compartments of the knee due to the unique anatomy and distribution of forces. The etiologies of patellofemoral articular cartilage lesions include acute traumatic instability injuries, such as dislocation and subluxation, osteochondritis dissecans, and chronic degenerative changes. Regardless of the etiology, untreated patellofemoral cartilage lesions can contribute to activity-limiting anterior knee pain. The goal of patellofemoral cartilage restoration procedures is to impart symptomatic relief and improve quality of life by repairing the articular cartilage surface and any comorbid malalignment or maltracking.Microfracture and osteochondral autograft transplantation (OAT) are two cartilage restoration procedures to consider when treating full-thickness patellofemoral chondral defects. Considered by some experts to be the gold standard therapy, microfracture is one of the most common procedures used for cartilage restoration. The technique involves the perforation of the subchondral bone plate for the release of marrow elements, filling the defect with a fibrocartilage clot repair. Though less commonly used, OAT allows defect replacement with native hyaline cartilage via autologous transplantation from a non-weight bearing area. The purpose of this article is to discuss the indication, technical considerations, and outcomes of microfracture and OAT when used for treating chondral lesions of the patellofemoral joint.
Associations of Measured Protein and Energy Intakes with Growth and Adiposity in Human Milk-Fed Preterm Infants at Term Postmenstrual Age: A Cohort Study
Authors: Pereira-da-Silva Luis , Cardoso Manuela , Macedo Israel 
Published: February 2018

Objective To determine the associations of measured protein, energy, and protein-to-energy (PER) intakes with body composition in human milk (HM)-fed preterm infants.
Study Design Neonates born at < 33 gestational weeks were eligible. Standard fortification method with modular supplements was used and the HM composition was measured. The weight gain velocity was calculated, and body composition was assessed by air displacement plethysmography at 40 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA). The fat mass percentage and fat mass index were used as indicators of adiposity, with convenience cut-offs ≤ –1 and ≥ + 1 z-scores for low and high adiposity, respectively.
Results Thirty-three infants were included (median [interquartile range] gestational age: 30 [28–31] weeks; birth weight: 1.175 [1.010–1.408] g); 36.4 and 84.8% did not receive the minimum recommended protein and energy intakes, respectively. Weight gain velocity showed positive weak-to-moderate correlations with nutrient intakes. Overall, no correlations between nutrient intakes and body composition were found. Infants with lower adiposity received lower energy, protein, and PER intakes, while those with higher adiposity received lower energy intake but higher PER intake.
Conclusion Overall, no correlations of nutrient intakes with body composition were found; however, differences in nutrient intakes were found between infants with lower and higher adiposity at term PMA.
Psychosoziale Versorgung von Krebspatienten in einer Krebsberatungsstelle an einem Universitätsklinikum
Authors: Lehmann-Laue Antje , Danker Helge , Schröter Katharina , Friedrich Michael , Mehnert Anja , Ernst Jochen 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die psychosoziale Versorgung von Krebspatienten gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Hierfür bieten Krebsberatungsstellen (KBS) ein breites Spektrum an Leistungen an. Untersucht werden der Umfang und die Themen psychosozialer ambulanter Versorgung von Krebspatienten an einem Uni-Klinikum.
Methode Die vorliegenden Daten wurden in der „Psychosozialen Beratungsstelle für Tumorpatienten und Angehörige“ am Universitätsklinikum Leipzig 2014 erhoben. 469 onkologische Patienten wurden mit einem Fragebogen befragt (Altersdurchschnitt 59,8 Jahre, 67,2% weiblich, 35,8% Brustkrebs). Als Befragungsinstrumente wurden der PHQ-9, der GAD-2 sowie das Distressthermometer (DT) eingesetzt. Die Auswertung der Daten erfolgte mithilfe deskriptiv-statistischer Verfahren.
Ergebnisse 23,7% der Patienten geben eine mind. moderate Depressivität an. Patienten mit hämatologischen und Kopf-Hals- Tumoren haben im Vergleich mit Brustkrebspatientinnen eine signifikant stärkere depressive Symptomatik. Knapp 15% der versorgten Patienten leiden unter erhöhter Ängstlichkeit. Die Befragten geben auf dem DT mind. 1 bis maximal 39 Probleme an. Durchschnittlich werden von den Ratsuchenden 14 Probleme genannt, zumeist körperliche und psychische Belastungen (z. B. Fatigue, Bewegung und Mobilität, Ängste). Die Anzahl formulierter Unterstützungsbedürfnisse ist dabei niedriger als die Anzahl der genannten Probleme.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Studie weist darauf hin, dass eine gute strukturelle Vernetzung einer KBS mit einem Akut-Krankenhaus und dessen Kliniken die psychosoziale Versorgung von Krebspatienten unterstützt. Ein psychosoziales Eingangsscreening ermöglicht, Problembereiche gezielt zu differenzieren und damit den Ratsuchenden ein darauf ausgerichtetes Beratungsangebot zu unterbreiten.
‘We – will – go – bank – rupt’
Authors: Patrona Marianna 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper examines the discourse and interactional practices used by news journalists in the prime-time news of two major Greek national channels (one private and one public) during the political crisis that erupted between October 31st and November 11th 2011; namely, when the former prime minister of Greece, George A. Papandreou, announced his decision to hold a national referendum on the agreed-upon second eurozone aid package, infuriating both his European counterparts and his peers at home, with the threat of the country’s default imminent. The crisis ended on 11 November 2011, when Lucas Papademos was sworn in as the new interim prime-minister of Greece, and head of a new, unity government.
Through detailed discourse analysis of talk-in-interaction, the paper critically compares the rhetorical means through which crisis is constructed in journalists’ contributions in the private MEGA channel news vs. the public NET news. More specifically, the analysis compares the framing of the referendum announcement and the ensuing political developments, as instantiated through vocabulary and register choices, rhetorical figures and conversational practices in bulletin openings and conversational sequences in the two channels. Finally, the analysis explores possible shifts in the role of broadcast media in times of crisis, again, as enacted in and through news discourse and interaction.
Civic voice in multimodal news narratives
Authors: Tuunanen Yrjö , Hirsto Heidi 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In this chapter, we examine civic voice in visual news narratives about the economic crisis. We discuss how the possibility of voice may be linked to particular practices in multimodal news discourse. We analyze captioned stock photo galleries depicting anti-austerity protests in Greece, and demonstrate how these narratives create a simplified grouping of actors with narrative necessity and a loose connection to the “real”. Thus, they reproduce the dominant master narrative juxtaposing financial pragmatism with emotioned expressions of civic voice. We discuss how this kind of doing the crisis tends to muffle civic voice and naturalize the establishment story of the crisis. We conclude by proposing how multimodal online news narratives might better realize their potential in mediating civic voice.
What can variation tell us about first language acquisition?
Authors: Hickmann Maya , Veneziano Edy , Jisa Harriet 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
After years of research focusing on universal regularities in child language, the study of variation has enriched our understanding of language development. Variation stems from exogenous and endogenous factors that can all influence the development of communicative capacities. This volume focuses on three main sources of variation considered from a large multimodal perspective that includes speech, gesture, and signs. First, research suggests that development partly varies with linguistic and/or cultural environments. A second source of variation stems from the input to which children are exposed across contexts. Finally, learners themselves differ along many dimensions, such as cognitive maturity, exposure to language(s), relative reliance on the visuo-gestural modality, and language impairments. The discussion highlights the need for more research on inter- and intra-individual variation within comparative perspectives allying complementary methodologies.
Invariance in variation
Authors: Kern Sophie , dos Santos Christophe 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article examines the influence of word frequency (WF) and neighbourhood density (ND) in vocabulary acquisition of French-speaking children. Data were collected through the French version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory. A regression analysis based on 462 children aged between 16 and 30 months who have acquired at least 5 words revealed that ND and WF together predicted 45% of the variance in vocabulary size, with ND and WF uniquely accounting for 32.2% and 12.8% of that variance respectively. The same analysis was done with nouns and predicates only. For nouns, the model predicted 64.6% of the variance whereas for predicates, the size of predicate vocabulary was not correlated with either of the two variables.
Texting by 12-year-olds
Authors: Bernicot Josie , Goumi Antonine , Bert-Erboul Alain , Volckaert-Legrier Olga 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The objective of this chapter is to investigate the development and use of the texting register. Our hypothesis is that this language register shares features with spoken language. In contrast to traditional writing, texting language is not the result of explicit academic instruction. Rather, it is acquired through daily interactions, as is spoken language. We collected a one-year longitudinal corpus of text messages (4,524 texts) produced by 19 teens aged 11–13 years, with no previous experience using a mobile phone. The messages were analyzed using orthographic indices (categories of spelling errors) and dialogic indices (presence/absence of an opening or closing). The data are discussed in terms of the specifics of the texting register. Unlike other registers, the texting register is not stable over time and evolves at an extremely rapid rate.
A unified model of first and second language learning
Authors: MacWhinney Brian 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The Unified Competition Model views first and second language learning as depending on a shared set of socio-cognitive processes. Differences between the two types of acquisition depend not on the expiration of a critical period, but on the operation of the risk factors of entrenchment, transfer, overanalysis, and isolation. Entrenchment is a neural process that arises from ongoing use of L1 across years. Transfer and parasitism arise from the dominance of L1 during initial L2 learning. Overanalysis stems from the tendency of adult learners to focus on content words, rather than phrases. Isolation arises from the tendency over time for L1 groups to reject the participation of out-group members and from increasing demands for the L1 group. These risk factors can be countered through the processes of resonance, decoupling, chunking, and participation that are available to all learners, but which must become sharpened to promote L2 acquisition.
Spoken and written narratives from French- and English-speaking children with Language Impairment\
Authors: Reilly Judy , Bernicot Josie , Polse Lara , Olive Thierry , Uze Joel , Wulfeck Beverly , Broc Lucie , Favart Monik , Appelbaum Mark 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Children with Language Impairment (LI) show significant delays in spoken language development with persistent problems in morphology. In this chapter, we compare spoken and written narratives from children with LI and their typically developing peers (TD) in French and English. We investigate the role of modality (spoken and written language), and the contribution of language-specific factors (French and English) to the LI phenotype. We found that both French and English LI groups exhibit problems with morphology; however, they use complex syntax strategically to bring coherence to their stories. Moreover, both LI and TD children are sensitive to the pragmatic and rhetorical conventions of their linguistic communities. Our findings increase our understanding of the nature of LI, and how language-specific features and culture might affect this profile.
Differentiating True and False Schematic Memories in Older Adults
Authors: Webb Christina E , Dennis Nancy A 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Objective
While schemas aid memory for schematically related information, the gist induced by the schema can also lead to high rates of false memories, especially in older adults. The neural mechanisms that support and differentiate true and false memories in aging are not well understood. The current study sought to clarify this, using a novel scene paradigm to investigate the role of schemas on true and false memories in older adults.

Methods
Healthy older adults encoded schematic scenes (e.g., bathroom). At retrieval, participants were tested on their memory for both schematic and nonschematic targets and lures while functional magnetic resonance imaging data was collected.

Results
Results indicate that true memories were supported by the typical retrieval network, and activity in this network was greater for true than false memories. Schema specific retrieval was supported by medial prefrontal cortex, extending this common finding to aging. While no region differentiated false memories compared to correct rejections, results showed that individual differences in false memory rates were associated with variability in neural activity.

Discussion
The findings underscore the importance of elucidating the neural basis of cognition within older adults, as well as the specific contribution of individual differences to the neural basis of memory errors in aging.
Development of the ‘Sigue la Huella’ physical activity intervention for adolescents in Huesca, Spain
Authors: Murillo Pardo Berta , Julián Clemente José A , García González Luis , García Bengoechea Enrique , Generelo Lanaspa Eduardo 
Published: February 2018

Summary
Engaging in physical activity (PA) on a regular and adequate basis generates considerable benefits for health. In developed countries, the time spent doing PA is decreasing, whilst sedentary time (ST) is increasing. A multicomponent school-based intervention programme, called ‘Sigue la Huella’ (Follow the Footprint), was developed to reduce sedentary lifestyles and increase PA levels. This programme has proven to be effective in increasing the daily levels of moderate to vigorous PA, in decreasing ST and in improving motivational outcomes in secondary education students, in the city of Huesca (Spain). The study design was quasi-experimental, longitudinal and by cohorts, and it was carried out in four schools, two as an experimental group (n = 368) and two as a control group (n = 314). During the 25 months’ intervention, this programme adopted a holistic approach aiming to create favourable environments to engage in PA, and the empowerment of students to get actively involved in the design and execution of the activities, assuming responsibility for managing and optimizing their own PA. The programme is theoretically based on the social-ecological model and self-determination theory, and it provided evidence for four actions or components that can be used in school-based PA promotion: tutorial action, Physical Education at school, dissemination of information and participation in institutional programmes and events. The aim of this article is to describe the main characteristics of the intervention programme that have proved to be effective with respect to the objectives proposed.
Convergent pathways of the hyperferritinemic syndromes
Authors: Schulert Grant S , Canna Scott W 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Hyperferritinemia and pronounced hemophagocytosis help distinguish a subset of patients with a particularly inflammatory and deadly systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Two clinically similar disorders typify these hyperferritinemic syndromes: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). HLH is canonically associated with a complete disturbance of perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity, whereas MAS occurs in the context of the related rheumatic diseases systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset Still’s disease, with associated IL-1 family cytokine activation. In practice, however, there are accumulating lines of evidence for innate immune dysregulation in HLH as well as partial impairments of cytotoxicity in MAS, and these mechanisms likely represent only a fraction of the host and environmental factors driving hyperferritinemic inflammation. Herein, we present new findings that highlight the pathogenic differences between HLH and MAS, two conditions that present with life-threatening hyperinflammation, hyperferritinemia and hemophagocytosis.
Factors Associated With Persistence of Plasma HIV-1 RNA During Long-term Continuously Suppressive Firstline Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Ruggiero Alessandra , Cozzi-Lepri Alessandro , Beloukas Apostolos , Richman Douglas , Khoo Saye , Phillips Andrew , Geretti Anna Maria ,   ERAS Study Group
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundPersistence of plasma HIV-1 RNA during seemingly effective antiretroviral thereapy (ART) is incompletely understood. Using an ultrasensitive assay, this cross-sectional study investigated residual plasma HIV-1 RNA in subjects maintained on firstline ART with continuous viral load suppression &lt;50 copies/mL for ≤15 years without recognized viral load blips or treatment interruptions and explored its relationship with the duration of suppressive ART, efavirenz concentrations in plasma, 2-LTR circular HIV-1 DNA (2-LTRc DNA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and cellular (CD4 plus CD26/CD38/CD69; CD8 plus CD38/HLA-DR/DP/DQ) and soluble (sCD14, sCD27, sCD30, IL-6) markers of immune activation in peripheral blood.MethodsResidual plasma HIV-1 RNA, total HIV-1 DNA and 2-LTRc DNA were quantified by real-time and digital droplet PCR. Cellular (CD4 plus CD26/CD38/CD69; CD8 plus CD38/HLA-DR/DP/DQ) and soluble (sCD14, sCD27, sCD30, IL-6) markers of immune activation were measured by flow cytometry and ELISA.ResultsResidual plasma HIV-1 RNA and 2-LTRc DNA were detected in 52/104 (50%) and 24/104 (23%) subjects, respectively. Among subjects with detectable HIV-1 RNA, 50/52 showed levels ≤11 copies/mL. In adjusted analyses, HIV-1 RNA levels were 0.37 log10 copies/mL higher with each log10 U/mL increase in sCD27 (95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.73; P = .02). No significant association was found between residual plasma HIV-1 RNA and other explored parameters.ConclusionsThese findings point to an ongoing relationship between plasma HIV-1 RNA and selected markers of immune activation during continuously suppressive ART. The novel direct association with levels of sCD27 warrants further investigation.