bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty and attribution of personal responsibility in organizations
Authors: Besio Cristina 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Modern society complicates the attribution of responsibility to individual actors. However, processes of attributing responsibility remain a frequent occurrence - also in the context of organizations. How can we explain this phenomenon? This contribution endeavors to describe processes of attributing moral responsibility to reveal some of the functions and problems these processes produce and to explain why they assume a new role in modern society. The focus lies on highly uncertain situations as crucial moments in which organizations resort to morality. The article introduces two examples for the forms in which the attribution of moral responsibility is manifested: the first is the figure of the »scapegoat«, which is typically activated after catastrophes. The second is the figure of the »firm founder«, which provides an important reference for highly uncertain innovation processes. By activating these figures, organizations can portray themselves as moral actors and acquire, at least for a while, the internal and external backing necessary to continue operating. This is vital in the short term, but can be dangerous over time, because morality sets high expectations but gives little specific advice for action in complex systems.
Offene Hochschule
Authors: Rettig Lars 
Published: June 2016

ZusammenfassungZur flexibleren Gestaltung der akademischen Ausbildung im Sinne der “European Universities‘ charter on lifelong learning” (European University Association 2008) wird proklamiert die Hochschulen zu öffnen, um eine Durchlässigkeit des Bildungssystems zu erreichen (Esser 2014, S. 3). Die gezielte Ansprache von sogenannten nicht-traditionellen Zielgruppen stellt die Aus- und Weiterbildungsinstitutionen auch im Tourismus vor die Herausforderung, Anrechnungsverfahren von beruflich erworbenen Kompetenzen für den Hochschulzugang zu entwickeln und diese Anrechnungsprozesse transparent und nachvollziehbar zu gestalten. Das Distance and Independent Studies Center (DISC) der TU Kaiserlautern beispielsweise eröffnet Berufstätigen bereits heute die Möglichkeit eines Masterabschlusses ohne Bachelor. Ist dieses Modell übertragbar auf touristische Studiengänge? Dahingehend liefert dieser Beitrag eine Diskussion zur Tourismusausbildung in Deutschland.
The Fecal Microbiota Profile and Bronchiolitis in Infants
Authors: Hasegawa Kohei , Linnemann Rachel W. , Mansbach Jonathan M. , Ajami Nadim J. , Espinola Janice A. , Petrosino Joseph F. , Piedra Pedro A. , Stevenson Michelle D. , Sullivan Ashley F. , Thompson Amy D. , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:Little is known about the association of gut microbiota, a potentially modifiable factor, with bronchiolitis in infants. We aimed to determine the association of fecal microbiota with bronchiolitis in infants.METHODS:We conducted a case–control study. As a part of multicenter prospective study, we collected stool samples from 40 infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis. We concurrently enrolled 115 age-matched healthy controls. By applying 16S rRNA gene sequencing and an unbiased clustering approach to these 155 fecal samples, we identified microbiota profiles and determined the association of microbiota profiles with likelihood of bronchiolitis.RESULTS:Overall, the median age was 3 months, 55% were male, and 54% were non-Hispanic white. Unbiased clustering of fecal microbiota identified 4 distinct profiles: Escherichia-dominant profile (30%), Bifidobacterium-dominant profile (21%), Enterobacter/Veillonella-dominant profile (22%), and Bacteroides-dominant profile (28%). The proportion of bronchiolitis was lowest in infants with the Enterobacter/Veillonella-dominant profile (15%) and highest in the Bacteroides-dominant profile (44%), corresponding to an odds ratio of 4.59 (95% confidence interval, 1.58–15.5; P = .008). In the multivariable model, the significant association between the Bacteroides-dominant profile and a greater likelihood of bronchiolitis persisted (odds ratio for comparison with the Enterobacter/Veillonella-dominant profile, 4.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.56–12.0; P = .005). In contrast, the likelihood of bronchiolitis in infants with the Escherichia-dominant or Bifidobacterium-dominant profile was not significantly different compared with those with the Enterobacter/Veillonella-dominant profile.CONCLUSIONS:In this case–control study, we identified 4 distinct fecal microbiota profiles in infants. The Bacteroides-dominant profile was associated with a higher likelihood of bronchiolitis.
Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances
Authors: LaBotz Michele , Griesemer Bernard A. ,   COUNCIL ON SPORTS MEDICINE AND FITNESS, Brenner Joel S. , LaBella Cynthia R. , Brooks Margaret A. , Diamond Alex , Kelly Amanda K. Weiss , LaBotz Michele , Logan Kelsey , Loud Keith J. , Moffatt Kody A. , Nemeth Blaise , Pengel Brooke , Hennrikus William 
Published: June 2016

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed August 2020.
Performance-enhancing substances (PESs) are used commonly by children and adolescents in attempts to improve athletic performance. More recent data reveal that these same substances often are used for appearance-related reasons as well. PESs include both legal over-the-counter dietary supplements and illicit pharmacologic agents. This report reviews the current epidemiology of PES use in the pediatric population, as well as information on those PESs in most common use. Concerns regarding use of legal PESs include high rates of product contamination, correlation with future use of anabolic androgenic steroids, and adverse effects on the focus and experience of youth sports participation. The physical maturation and endogenous hormone production that occur in adolescence are associated with large improvements in strength and athletic performance. For most young athletes, PES use does not produce significant gains over those seen with the onset of puberty and adherence to an appropriate nutrition and training program.
Gender Differences in Treatment-Seeking British Pathological Gamblers
Authors: Ronzitti Silvia , Lutri Vittorio , Smith Neil , Clerici Massimo , Bowden-Jones Henrietta 
Published: June 2016

Background and aim
Gambling is a widespread recreational activity in the UK. A significant percentage of gamblers develop subclinical or clinically relevant problem gambling issues, but only a low percentage of them seek treatment. Although characteristics of pathological gamblers from treatment-seeking population have been examined in some research, only a few studies have explored the differences between females and males. This study aimed to examine the gender-related differences in demographics, gambling measures, and clinical variables in an outpatient sample of pathological gamblers seeking treatment.

Methods
A total of 1,178 treatment-seeking individuals with gambling disorder were assessed at the National Problem Gambling Clinic in London. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical variables, and gambling behavior habits were obtained during the assessment evaluation. Of the total sample, 92.5% were males and 7.5% were females.

Results
Males were more likely to be younger, white, and employed than females. In addition, compared to women, men showed a lower PGSI score, an earlier age of onset of gambling behavior, a higher gambling involvement, and preferred specific forms gambling. Female gamblers were more anxious and depressed, while men were more likely to use alcohol and illicit drugs.

Conclusions
Our findings support the importance of gender differences in a treatment-seeking population of pathological gamblers both in sociodemographic characteristics, gambling behavior variables, and clinical variables. Males and females might benefit from group-specific treatment.
Psychopathology of Online Poker Players: Review of Literature
Authors: Moreau Axelle , Chabrol Henri , Chauchard Emeline 
Published: June 2016

Background and aims
Online Texas Hold’em poker has become a spectacular form of entertainment in our society, and the number of people who use this form of gambling is increasing. It seems that online poker activity challenges existing theoretical concepts about problem gambling behaviors. The purpose of this literature review is to provide a current overview about the population of online poker players.

Methods
To be selected, articles had to focus on psychopathology in a sample of online poker players, be written in English or French, and be published before November 2015. A total of 17 relevant studies were identified.

Results
In this population, the proportion of problematic gamblers was higher than in other forms of gambling. Several factors predicting excessive gambling were identified such as stress, internal attribution, dissociation, boredom, negative emotions, irrational beliefs, anxiety, and impulsivity. The population of online poker players is largely heterogeneous, with experimental players forming a specific group. Finally, the validity of the tools used to measure excessive or problematic gambling and irrational beliefs are not suitable for assessing online poker activity.

Discussion and conclusions
Future studies need to confirm previous findings in the literature of online poker games. Given that skills are important in poker playing, skill development in the frames of excessive use of online poker should be explored more in depth, particularly regarding poker experience and loss chasing. Future research should focus on skills, self-regulation, and psychopathology of online poker players.
GENOTYPES OF EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS STRAINS: CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Vasilieva N. R. , Vyazovaya A. A. , Zhuravlev V. Yu. , Solovieva N. S. , Mokrousov I. V. , Narvskaya O. V. 
Published: June 2016

Here, we present clinical and epidemiological analysis of 85 Russian cases of pulmonary tuberculosis caused by an extensively drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains. As defined by spoligotyping, M. tuberculosis strains belonged to the following genetic families: Beijing — 81.2%, which significantly exceeds the prevalence rate of this genotype (50%) in M. tuberculosis population across Russia; LAM — 14.1% and Ural — 4.7%. Among patients infected with Beijing strains prevailed alcohol and tobacco abused males; the main source of infection were family and penitentiary contacts. This group of patients has been characterized by a variety of clinical forms of lung disease with the prevalence of fibro-cavernous tuberculosis and a significant proportion of patients with interrupted treatment. Regardless of the M. tuberculosis strain genotype, the extensively drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized by severe course leading to the chronic disease with the relapses and poor response to anti-tuberculosis treatment, requiring repeated hospitalizations and surgical treatments.
Third Party Player Ownership: the Regulations for Premier League and Football League Clubs for the 2009/10 Season
Authors: Geey Daniel 
Published: June 2016

This article aims to explain what third party ownership in football is and the regulatory rules that are relevant to any Premier League (PL) and Football League (FL) club. FIFA, the PL and the Football Association (FA) have all recently amended their rules and regulations governing this contentious and topical issue.The PL and FA rules on TPPO were amended in time for the 2008/09 and 2009/10 season respectively. Before 2008 in the PL and 2009 in the FL, third party player ownership (TPPO) was regulated through a generic material influence clause. This forbid any entity having the ability to affect the behaviour of a PL or FA-affiliated club. The new rules from the 2008/9 and 2009/10 seasons now appear to prohibit a third party owner, without the consent of the FA, having any economic rights in a player registered to a PL or FA-affiliated club. See section E for the debate about whether the FA rules apply especially to FL clubs.The FL rules make no express reference to TPPO. Only the provisions relating to dual interests may be seen as regulating a third party owners’ ability to own the economic rights of more than one FL player. However, in contrast to the FA and PL rules the current guidance from the FL suggests that in certain instances TPPO is permitted.
Goodness-of-fit Testing for Left-truncated Two-parameter Weibull Distributions with Known Truncation Point
Authors: KIZILERSU Ayse , Kreer Markus , Thomas Anthony W. 
Published: June 2016

The left-truncated Weibull distribution is used in life-time analysis, it has many applications ranging from financial market analysis and insurance claims to the earthquake inter-arrival times.We present a comprehensive analysis of the left-truncated Weibull distribution when the shape, scale or both parameters are unknown and they are determined from the data using the maximum likelihood estimator. We demonstrate that if both the Weibull parameters are unknown then there are sets of sample configurations, with measure greater than zero, for which the maximum likelihood equations do not possess non trivial solutions. The modified critical values of the goodness-of-fit test from the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test statistic when the parameters are unknown are obtained from a quantile analysis. We find that the critical values depend on sample size and truncation level, but not on the actual Weibull parameters. Confirming this behavior, we present a complementary analysis using the Brownian bridge approach as an asymptotic limit of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics and find that both approaches are in good agreement. A power testing is performed for our Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test and the issues related to the left-truncated data are discussed. We conclude the paper by showing the importance of left-truncated Weibulldistribution hypothesis testing on the duration times of failed marriages in the US, worldwide terrorist attacks, waiting times between stock market orders, and time intervals of radioactive decay.
The Log-logistic Weibull Distribution with Applications to Lifetime Data
Authors: Oluyede Broderick , Foya Susan , Warahena-Liyanage Gayan , Huang Shujiao 
Published: June 2016

In this paper, a new generalized distribution called the log-logisticWeibull (LLoGW) distribution is developed and presented. This dis-tribution contain the log-logistic Rayleigh (LLoGR), log-logistic expo-nential (LLoGE) and log-logistic (LLoG) distributions as special cases.The structural properties of the distribution including the hazard func-tion, reverse hazard function, quantile function, probability weightedmoments, moments, conditional moments, mean deviations, Bonferroniand Lorenz curves, distribution of order statistics, L-moments and Renyientropy are derived. Method of maximum likelihood is used to estimatethe parameters of this new distribution. A simulation study to examinethe bias, mean square error of the maximum likelihood estimators andwidth of the condence intervals for each parameter is presented. Finally, real data examples are presented to illustrate the usefulness and applicability of the model.
Olhares sobre tendências: o norte de minha práxis
Authors: De Santana André Ribeiro 
Published: June 2016

Neste texto reflexivo, realizo uma revisitação ao que influenciou/in?ui em minha atuação como professor de Ciências Naturais. Relembro o Ensino Tradicional e sua prevalência em meus primeiros anos de docência, posteriormente questionada por meu contato com o Construtivismo e as reflexões subseqüentes, um processo onde percebi a presença da Escola Nova, do Método da Redescoberta, do enfoque Ciência, Tecnologia, Sociedade e da Interdisciplinaridade como outros elementos influentes em minha práxis, reconhecida, enfim, como produto de diferentes tendências.
O pensar e o fazer docente no clube de ciências da UFPA: Reflexões sobre a prática
Authors: Duarte Dércio Pena , Parente Andrela Garibaldi Loureiro 
Published: June 2016

Este artigo trata de discussões e reflexões a partir da prática docente de um grupo de professores-estagiários do CCIUFPA. A partir do relato das atividades desenvolvidas, investigamos que elementos / relações / discussões envolveram o pensar e o fazer do grupo, procurando compreender de que modo as atividades foram realizadas e discutindo elementos que surgiram no decorrer do trabalho. Recorremos ao planejamento das atividades, aos trabalhos desenvolvidos pelos alunos e a entrevistas com os professores. Buscamos relações entre as idéias dos professores sobre as atividades e sua execução, estabelecendo-se como ponto principal de comparação visões sobre a atividade científica, que poderiam determinar a forma como os conhecimentos dos alunos seriam tratados pelos professores e como as atividades poderiam modificar visões distorcidas. Concluímos que o pensar e o fazer devem estar associados na ação docente formação docente; ensino de ciências; espaço não formal de ensino.
O pensamento complexo e a perspectiva de ação de futuros doutores
Authors: Segtowich Patrícia 
Published: June 2016

O presente estudo visa a discutir as perspectivas de ação manifestadas por futuros doutores, no início de sua formação doutoral. A investigação nasceu por meio de minha participação, no âmbito da formação doutoral, no componente curricular Bases Epistemológicas da Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências e Matemáticas, ofertadas no Programa de Pós – Graduação em Educação em Ciências e Matemáticas da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), no ano letivo de 2010. Nesses encontros, os professores formadores solicitavam que, em duplas, os doutorandos elaborassem três questões sobre o seguinte posicionamento: “COMO ME VEJO COMO DOUTOR?”. Estas foram postas em discussão por todos os doutorandos e, posteriormente, reduzidas a cinco para que fossem respondidas por todos, individualmente. Foram as respostas desse questionário que forneceram os dados desta investigação. As respostas revelaram que os doutorandos não estão presos a metodologias nem a processos únicos e amarrados, sendo esse posicionamento demonstrado por meio de perspectivas de atuação sob formas que se mostraram diversificadas e interativas.
Tecendo redes na formação docente: o abandono da espontaneidade e uma (breve) percepção da complexidade do educar em ciências
Authors: Machado José Ricardo Coutinho 
Published: June 2016

Neste ensaio, narrativa pessoal originada na autobiografia e na memória docente, discute-se a transformação nas concepções e ações de um professor em formação, entendido como um híbrido de natureza e cultura sob a influência das tendências educacionais mais amplas e das condições objetivas em que atua e nas quais se deu sua formação. O professor em formação, um actante, é parte de uma extensa rede com conexões espaço-temporais múltiplas e dinâmicas, relacionando-se nessa trama com os autores que o influenciaram/influenciam, com estudantes e outros professores, com a disciplina (uma ciência natural) que busca ensinar e com a cultura amazônica, da qual é indissociável. Conclui reconhecendo-se como em permanente transformação e sinalizando para a forte evidência do dinamismo da rede em que se construiu/constrói, negando a existência de verdades imutáveis e definitivas.
ARRANJOS DE PRODUTIVIDADES DE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO ATRAVÉS DE ADUBAÇÕES FOSFATADAS E NITROGENADAS
Authors: Souza Francisco Carlos Almeida de , Souza José Arledo Marques de , Oliveira Paulo César Ramos , Cordeiro Ricardo Augusto Martins 
Published: June 2016

RESUMO: O milho (Zea mays L.) é um dos mais importantes cereais do mundo, pois representa a base da alimentação humana e animal. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho de produtividade de grãos de milho em dois sistemas de cultivo (consorciado com capim e solteiro) de acordo com as adubações utilizadas: fosfatadas e nitrogenadas. Para isto o estudo foi desenvolvido no IFPA Campus Castanhal, sob Latossolo Amarelo distrófico em sistema de sequeiro. Foram avaliadas adubações fosfatadas e nitrogenadas, dois híbridos de milho, o 30F80 e o 30P70 em dois sistemas de cultivo, solteiro e consorciado com Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os resultados obtidos de produtividade de grãos de milho demonstraram que houve diferença entre os tratamentos avaliados. Os resultados de produtividade de grãos apresentaram-se superiores quando foram utilizadas adubações fosfatadas, pois com adubações nitrogenadas de cobertura foram alcançados 4316,75 kg ha-1, no entanto com aplicação de adubação fosfatada no momento do plantio, 300 kg de P2O5 ha-1. A utilização de adubação fosfatada proporcionou os melhores resultados de produtividade de grãos de milho nas condições avaliadas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Integração lavoura-pecuária, fertilidade do solo, Zea mays L.
MASSA DE FORRAGEM E COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICO-BROMATOLÓGICA DE Panicum maximum cv. mombaça ADUBADAS COM RESÍDUO DE SIDERURGIA, NITROGÊNIO E FÓSFORO
Authors: Monteiro Edwana Mara Moreira , Brasil Edilson Carvalho , Lourenço Junior José De Brito , Barros Cristiane Do Socorro 
Published: June 2016

O trabalho avaliou a produção de massa de forragem e composição químico-bromatológica da gramínea Mombaça (Panicum maximum) adubada com resíduo orgânico da indústria siderúrgica (pó de balão) combinado com nitrogênio e fósforo, em condições de casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental para produção de massa de forragem e composição químico-bromatológica foi blocos casualizados. Os fatores estudados foram: dois resíduos orgânicos, cama de aviário (4 g dm-3) e pó de balão (10 g dm-3), quatro níveis de N (0, 50, 100, 200 mg dm-3) e quatro de P2O5 (0, 100, 200, 300 mg dm-3). A combinação dos resíduos orgânicos com dose de nitrogênio foi a que maior apresentou influência significativa nos teores de macrominerais (N, P e K) e micronutriente (Mn). A combinação dos resíduos orgânicos com dose de nitrogênio maior apresentou influência significativa nos teores de macrominerais (N, P e K) e micromineral (Mn). O pó de balão proporcionou maiores teores de Fe e MO ao comparar com a cama de aviário. A aplicação de fósforo influenciou nas variáveis estudadas Zn, PB, FDA, lignina e celulose, sendo que, o maior teor obtido de cada variável esteve associado a 100 mg kg-1 de P para Zn e 300 mg kg-1 de P para as demais. O resíduo orgânico, pó de balão, torna-se contaminante do solo e da forragem devido à presença de metais pesados em sua composição, este fato pode ser limitante ao seu uso agrícola como adubo orgânico. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Adubação orgânica. Indústria siderúrgica. Macrominerais. Valor nutritivo.
Репродуктивные показатели и экология размножения атлантической атерины Atherina hepsetus (Pisces: Atherinidae) у западного побережья Крыма
Authors: Самотой Ю. В. , Зуев Г. В. 
Published: June 2016

Атерины (сем. Atherinidae) — массовые представители прибрежной пелагической ихтиофауны Азово-Черноморского бассейна, в некоторых районах являются объектами промысла. Вместе с тем сведения о биологии и экологии атерин до настоящего времени остаются крайне скудными и фрагментарными. Данная работа посвящена изучению меж- и внутригодовой (сезонной) изменчивости ряда индивидуальных и популяционных репродуктивных показателей атлантической атерины Atherina hepsetus из акватории Черного моря, прилегающей к западному побережью Крыма. Отлов производился ставными неводами круглогодично в течение 2010–2014 гг. с периодичностью 2–3 раза в месяц. В общей сложности изучено 2403 экз. На основе результатов исследования впервые введены понятия общего, популяционного и массового (пик нереста) репродуктивных периодов, установлены межгодовые изменения их продолжительности, а также календарные сроки начала и окончания. Изучены интенсивность нереста и его сезонная динамика, сезонная динамика развития половых желез самцов и самок и определены индивидуальные и среднепопуляционные значения их гонадосоматического индекса. Установлен диапазон изменчивости температуры нереста (8.5–14.5 ℃), выделена зона максимально благоприятной нерестовой температуры (9.0–12.0℃).