bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic gradient descent for barycenters in Wasserstein space
Authors: Backhoff Julio , Fontbona Joaquin , Rios Gonzalo , Tobar Felipe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe present and study a novel algorithm for the computation of 2-Wasserstein population barycenters of absolutely continuous probability measures on Euclidean space. The proposed method can be seen as a stochastic gradient descent procedure in the 2-Wasserstein space, as well as a manifestation of a law of large numbers therein. The algorithm aims to find a Karcher mean or critical point in this setting, and can be implemented ‘online’, sequentially using independent and identically distributed random measures sampled from the population law. We provide natural sufficient conditions for this algorithm to almost surely converge in the Wasserstein space towards the population barycenter, and we introduce a novel, general condition which ensures uniqueness of Karcher means and, moreover, allows us to obtain explicit, parametric convergence rates for the expected optimality gap. We also study the mini-batch version of this algorithm, and discuss examples of families of population laws to which our method and results can be applied. This work expands and deepens ideas and results introduced in an early version of Backhoff-Veraguas et al. (2022), in which a statistical application (and numerical implementation) of this method is developed in the context of Bayesian learning.
Impacts of AMOC Collapse on Monsoon Rainfall: A Multi‐Model Comparison
Authors: Ben‐Yami M. , Good P. , Jackson L. C. , Crucifix M. , Hu A. , Saenko O. , Swingedouw D. , Boers N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) would have substantial impacts on global precipitation patterns, especially in the vulnerable tropical monsoon regions. We assess these impacts in experiments that apply the same freshwater hosing to four state‐of‐the‐art climate models with bistable AMOC. As opposed to previous results, we find that the spatial and seasonal patterns of precipitation change are remarkably consistent across models. We focus on the South American Monsoon (SAM), the West African Monsoon (WAM), the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM). Models consistently suggest substantial disruptions for WAM, ISM, and EASM with shorter wet and longer dry seasons (−29.07%, −18.76%, and −3.78% ensemble mean annual rainfall change, respectively). Models also agree on changes for the SAM, suggesting rainfall increases overall, in contrast to previous studies. These are more pronounced in the southern Amazon (+43.79%), accompanied by decreasing dry‐season length. Consistently across models, our results suggest a robust and major rearranging of all tropical monsoon systems in response to an AMOC collapse.
The Sphericity Paradox and the Role of Hoop Stresses in Free Subduction on a Sphere
Authors: Chaillat Stéphanie , Gerardi Gianluca , Li Yida , Chamolly Alexander , Li Zhong‐Hai , Ribe Neil M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOceanic plates are doubly curved spherical shells, which influences how they respond to loading during subduction. Here we study a viscous fluid model for gravity‐driven subduction of a shell comprising a spherical plate and an attached slab. The shell is 100–1,000 times more viscous than the upper mantle. We use the boundary‐element method to solve for the flow. Solutions of an axisymmetric model show that the effect of sphericity on the flexure of shells is greater for smaller shells that are more nearly flat (the “sphericity paradox”). Both axisymmetric and three‐dimensional models predict that the deviatoric membrane stress in the slab should be dominated by the longitudinal normal stress (hoop stress), which is typically about twice as large as the downdip stress and of opposite sign. Our models also predict that concave‐landward slabs can exhibit both compressive and tensile hoop stress depending on the depth, whereas the hoop stress in convex slabs is always compressive. We test these two predictions against slab shape and earthquake focal mechanism data from the Mariana subduction zone, assuming that the deviatoric stress in our flow models corresponds to that implied by centroid moment tensors. The magnitude of the hoop stress exceeds that of the downdip stress for about half the earthquakes surveyed, partially verifying our first prediction. Our second prediction is supported by the near‐absence of earthquakes under tensile hoop stress in the portion of the slab having convex geometry.
Seasonal, Interannual and Long‐Term Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in the NW Iberian Upwelling, 1982–2020
Authors: Piedracoba S. , Pardo P. C. , Álvarez‐Salgado X. A. , Torres S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHere the seasonal, inter‐annual and long‐term variability of satellite‐derived sea surface temperature (SST) was analyzed in the NW Iberian margin from 1982 to 2020 to explore spatial differences at high (5‐km) resolution. In‐situ temperature measurements from five coastal buoys were used to validate the satellite‐derived SST data, discarding pixels from areas close to the shoreline. Regional SST increased significantly from 0.07 to 0.25°C per decade, with the lowest rates in shelf waters directly affected by seasonal coastal upwelling. Upwelling filaments also contributed to dampen the temperature increase in the adjacent slope and ocean waters. The spatial variability observed in the amplitude and timing of the seasonal cycle of SST is directly related to hydrography and circulation patterns of the region such as upwelling events during summer and the development of the river's buoyant plume and the warm Iberian Poleward Current during winter.
Achievements, challenges, and future prospects for industrialization of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yang Chuang , Hu Wenjing , Liu Jiale , Han Chuanzhou , Gao Qiaojiao , Mei Anyi , Zhou Yinhua , Guo Fengwan , Han Hongwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn just over a decade, certified single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) boast an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.1%. Such outstanding performance makes it highly viable for further development. Here, we have meticulously outlined challenges that arose during the industrialization of PSCs and proposed their corresponding solutions based on extensive research. We discussed the main challenges in this field including technological limitations, multi-scenario applications, sustainable development, etc. Mature photovoltaic solutions provide the perovskite community with invaluable insights for overcoming the challenges of industrialization. In the upcoming stages of PSCs advancement, it has become evident that addressing the challenges concerning long-term stability and sustainability is paramount. In this manner, we can facilitate a more effective integration of PSCs into our daily lives.
Valproic acid-induced teratogenicity is driven by senescence and prevented by Rapamycin in human spinal cord and animal models
Authors: Pietrogrande Giovanni , Shaker Mohammed R. , Stednitz Sarah J. , Soheilmoghaddam Farhad , Aguado Julio , Morrison Sean D. , Zambrano Samuel , Tabassum Tahmina , Javed Ibrahim , Cooper-White Justin , Davis Thomas P. , O’Brien Terence J. , Scott Ethan K. , Wolvetang Ernst J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is an effective and widely used anti-seizure medication but is teratogenic when used during pregnancy, affecting brain and spinal cord development for reasons that remain largely unclear. Here we designed a genetic recombinase-based SOX10 reporter system in human pluripotent stem cells that enables tracking and lineage tracing of Neural Crest cells (NCCs) in a human organoid model of the developing neural tube. We found that VPA induces extensive cellular senescence and promotes mesenchymal differentiation of human NCCs. We next show that the clinically approved drug Rapamycin inhibits senescence and restores aberrant NCC differentiation trajectory after VPA exposure in human organoids and in developing zebrafish, highlighting the therapeutic promise of this approach. Finally, we identify the pioneer factor AP1 as a key element of this process. Collectively our data reveal cellular senescence as a central driver of VPA-associated neurodevelopmental teratogenicity and identifies a new pharmacological strategy for prevention. These results exemplify the power of genetically modified human stem cell-derived organoid models for drug discovery.
Structural insights into human ABCD3-mediated peroxisomal acyl-CoA translocation
Authors: Li Yang , Chen Zhi-Peng , Xu Da , Wang Liang , Cheng Meng-Ting , Zhou Cong-Zhao , Chen Yuxing , Hou Wen-Tao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHuman ABC transporters ABCD1–3 are all localized on the peroxisomal membrane and participate in the β-oxidation of fatty acyl-CoAs, but they differ from each other in substrate specificity. The transport of branched-chain fatty acids from cytosol to peroxisome is specifically driven by ABCD3, dysfunction of which causes severe liver diseases such as hepatosplenomegaly. Here we report two cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of ABCD3 bound to phytanoyl-CoA and ATP at resolutions of 2.9 Å and 3.2 Å, respectively. A pair of phytanoyl-CoA molecules were observed in ABCD3, each binding to one transmembrane domain (TMD), which is distinct from our previously reported structure of ABCD1, where each fatty acyl-CoA molecule strongly crosslinks two TMDs. Upon ATP binding, ABCD3 exhibits a conformation that is open towards the peroxisomal matrix, leaving two extra densities corresponding to two CoA molecules deeply embedded in the translocation cavity. Structural analysis combined with substrate-stimulated ATPase activity assays indicated that the present structures might represent two states of ABCD3 in the transport cycle. These findings advance our understanding of fatty acid oxidation and the molecular pathology of related diseases.
A systematic review and quality appraisal of guidelines and recommendations for home enteral tube feeding in adults
Authors: Korai Andriana , Thomson Isabella , Carey Sharon , Allman-Farinelli Margaret 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Home Enteral Tube Feeding (HETF) is a viable option for people within primary care settings when oral intake is insufficient to meet nutritional needs. As HETF is not a risk-free therapy, guidelines exist to enable its safe provision. This review aims to summarise existing guidelines and their recommendations pertaining to the provision of HETF and appraise their methodological quality. A systematic review was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews, PRISMA-checklist and a 2019 methodological guide specific to the review of clinical practice guidelines (PROSPERO registration: CRD42023456223). Records were sourced from five bibliographical databases (Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, Scopus, Cinahl) and the grey literature (64 websites, seven guideline repositories). The AGREE-II tool was applied to eligible guidelines. The recommendations of guidelines meeting a predetermined threshold score (domain 3 ‘rigour of development’ score >70%) were extracted, grouped, and assessed using the AGREE-REX tool. A total of 2707 records were screened with 15 guidelines meeting eligibility criteria. The median (IQR) overall AGREE-II score (/7) of all guidelines was 3 (3–5) and only 3/15 guidelines achieved a domain 3 score >70%. The median (IQR) overall AGREE-REX score was 33% (26–37%). No recommendation group achieved a domain score above 70%. No guideline or recommendation group was suggested for use without modification. Key limitations included suboptimal stakeholder involvement and implementability, and lack of methodological transparency. Current HETF guidelines inadequately align with methodological standards. This review highlights key areas HETF guideline developers should consider to create more relevant and implementable guidelines.
Single-molecule digital sizing of proteins in solution
Authors: Krainer Georg , Jacquat Raphael P. B. , Schneider Matthias M. , Welsh Timothy J. , Fan Jieyuan , Peter Quentin A. E. , Andrzejewska Ewa A. , Šneiderienė Greta , Czekalska Magdalena A. , Ausserwoeger Hannes , Chai Lin , Arter William E. , Saar Kadi L. , Herling Therese W. , Franzmann Titus M. , Kosmoliaptsis Vasilis , Alberti Simon , Hartl F. Ulrich , Lee Steven F. , Knowles Tuomas P. J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe physical characterization of proteins in terms of their sizes, interactions, and assembly states is key to understanding their biological function and dysfunction. However, this has remained a difficult task because proteins are often highly polydisperse and present as multicomponent mixtures. Here, we address this challenge by introducing single-molecule microfluidic diffusional sizing (smMDS). This approach measures the hydrodynamic radius of single proteins and protein assemblies in microchannels using single-molecule fluorescence detection. smMDS allows for ultrasensitive sizing of proteins down to femtomolar concentrations and enables affinity profiling of protein interactions at the single-molecule level. We show that smMDS is effective in resolving the assembly states of protein oligomers and in characterizing the size of protein species within complex mixtures, including fibrillar protein aggregates and nanoscale condensate clusters. Overall, smMDS is a highly sensitive method for the analysis of proteins in solution, with wide-ranging applications in drug discovery, diagnostics, and nanobiotechnology.
Controlling light emission from semiconductor nanoplatelets using surface chemistry
Authors: Swift Michael W. , Efros Alexander L. , Erwin Steven C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSemiconductor nanoplatelets are atomically flat nanocrystals which emit light with high spectral purity at wavelengths controlled by their thickness. Despite their technological potential, efforts to further sharpen the emission lines of nanoplatelets have generally failed for unknown reasons. Here, we demonstrate theoretically that the linewidth is controlled by surface chemistry—specifically, inhomogeneities in the ligand layer on the nanoplatelet surface lead to a spatially fluctuating potential that localizes excitons. This localization leads to increased scattering and optical broadening. Importantly, localization also reduces the rate of radiative emission. Our model explains the observed linewidth and predicts that a more uniform ligand layer will sharpen the lines and increase the emission rates. These findings demonstrate that light emission from nanoplatelets can be controlled by optimizing their surface chemistry, an important advantage for their eventual use in optical technologies.
Mucosal adenovirus vaccine boosting elicits IgA and durably prevents XBB.1.16 infection in nonhuman primates
Authors: Gagne Matthew , Flynn Barbara J. , Andrew Shayne F. , Marquez Josue , Flebbe Dillon R. , Mychalowych Anna , Lamb Evan , Davis-Gardner Meredith E. , Burnett Matthew R. , Serebryannyy Leonid A. , Lin Bob C. , Ziff Zohar E. , Maule Erin , Carroll Robin , Naisan Mursal , Jethmalani Yogita , Pessaint Laurent , Todd John-Paul M. , Doria-Rose Nicole A. , Case James Brett , Dmitriev Igor P. , Kashentseva Elena A. , Ying Baoling , Dodson Alan , Kouneski Katelyn , O’Dell Sijy , Wali Bushra , Ellis Madison , Godbole Sucheta , Laboune Farida , Henry Amy R. , Teng I-Ting , Wang Danyi , Wang Lingshu , Zhou Qiong , Zouantchangadou Serge , Van Ry Alex , Lewis Mark G. , Andersen Hanne , Kwong Peter D. , Curiel David T. , Roederer Mario , Nason Martha C. , Foulds Kathryn E. , Suthar Mehul S. , Diamond Michael S. , Douek Daniel C. , Seder Robert A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA mucosal route of vaccination could prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication at the site of infection and limit transmission. We compared protection against heterologous XBB.1.16 challenge in nonhuman primates (NHPs) ~5 months following intramuscular boosting with bivalent mRNA encoding WA1 and BA.5 spike proteins or mucosal boosting with a WA1–BA.5 bivalent chimpanzee adenoviral-vectored vaccine delivered by intranasal or aerosol device. NHPs boosted by either mucosal route had minimal virus replication in the nose and lungs, respectively. By contrast, protection by intramuscular mRNA was limited to the lower airways. The mucosally delivered vaccine elicited durable airway IgG and IgA responses and, unlike the intramuscular mRNA vaccine, induced spike-specific B cells in the lungs. IgG, IgA and T cell responses correlated with protection in the lungs, whereas mucosal IgA alone correlated with upper airway protection. This study highlights differential mucosal and serum correlates of protection and how mucosal vaccines can durably prevent infection against SARS-CoV-2.
A time-stratified, case–crossover study of heat exposure and perinatal mortality from 16 hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Hanson Claudia , de Bont Jeroen , Annerstedt Kristi Sidney , Alsina Maria del Rosario , Nobile Federica , Roos Nathalie , Waiswa Peter , Pembe Andrea , Dossou Jean-Paul , Chipeta Effie , Benova Lenka , Kidanto Hussein , Part Cherie , Stafoggia Massimo , Filippi Veronique , Ljungman Petter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that extreme heat events affect both pregnant women and their infants, but few studies are available from sub-Saharan Africa. Using data from 138,015 singleton births in 16 hospitals in Benin, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda, we investigated the association between extreme heat and early perinatal deaths, including antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths, and deaths within 24 h after birth using a time-stratified case–crossover design. We observed an association between an increase from the 75th to the 99th percentile in mean temperature 1 week (lag 0–6 d) before childbirth and perinatal mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 1.34 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.78)). The estimates for stillbirths were similarly positive, but CIs included unity: OR = 1.29 (95% CI 0.95–1.77) for all stillbirths, OR = 1.18 (95% CI 0.71–1.95) for antepartum stillbirths and OR = 1.64 (95% CI 0.74–3.63) for intrapartum stillbirths. The cumulative exposure–response curve suggested that the steepest slopes for heat for intrapartum stillbirths and associations were stronger during the hottest seasons. We conclude that short-term heat exposure may increase mortality risks, particularly for intrapartum stillbirths, raising the importance of improved intrapartum care.
A global flash drought inventory based on soil moisture volatility
Authors: Osman Mahmoud , Zaitchik Benjamin , Otkin Jason , Anderson Martha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFlash droughts, characterized by rapid onset and development, present significant challenges to agriculture and climate mitigation strategies. Operational drought monitoring systems, based on precipitation, soil moisture deficits, or temperature anomalies, often fall short in timely detection of these events, underscoring the need for customized identification and monitoring indices that account for the rapidity of flash drought onset. Recognizing this need, this paper introduces a global flash drought inventory from 1990 to 2021 derived using the Soil Moisture Volatility Index (SMVI). Our work expands the application of the SMVI methodology, previously focused on the United States, to a global scale, providing a tool for understanding and predicting these rapidly developing phenomena. The dataset encompasses detailed event characteristics, including onset, duration, and severity, across diverse climate zones. By integrating atmospheric variables through their impact on soil moisture, the inventory offers a platform for analyzing the drivers and impacts of flash droughts, and serves as a large, consistent dataset for use in training and evaluating flash drought prediction models.
Evaluation of the cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of nano-selenium prepared via gamma irradiation against cancer cell lines and bacterial species
Authors: Salah M. , Elkabbany Nesreen A. S. , Partila Abir M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA recent scientific investigation has shown promising results of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) for the anticancer and antimicrobial activities. This study aims to evaluate the effects of PVP SeNPs on bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Also, its antitumor activity against the MRC-5 carcinoma cell line. SeNPs were prepared via gamma irradiation using PVP as a capping agent, and their size and morphological structure were determined using HRTEM. The size of the SeNPs ranged from 36 to 66.59 nm. UV–vis spectra confirmed the formation of SeNPs, while FTIR measurement confirmed a change in the PVP structure after adding selenium nanoparticles. The highest effect was reported on HepG2 by an IC50 with a value of 8.87 µg/ml, followed by HeLa, PC3, MCF-7, and Caco2 cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, ZOI reached 36.33 ± 3.05 mm. The best value of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.313 µg/ml. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging against bacteria showed deformations and distortions in their structures. Transmission electron (TEM) revealed ultrastructure changes in treated bacteria because of the free radicals that made cytotoxicity which confirmed by Electron spin resonance (ESR).
Detection and tracking of ocean layers using an AUV with UKF based extremum seeking control in the Baltic Sea
Authors: von See Tim Benedikt , Greinert Jens , Meurer Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdaptive sampling and situational awareness are key features of modern autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) since data quality can be improved while operation time and cost can be reduced. An example for adaptive sampling in the marine environmental context is thermocline detection and tracking. The thermocline as horizontal ocean layer separates warm and cold water and is a key feature in many marine disciplines. For example, it influences the distribution and exchange of nutrients and is a habitat for many organisms. In this paper we use an unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) based extremum seeking control (ESC) to find and follow ocean layers such as the thermocline. Computer simulations and real-world tests show that the method is able to find and track non-trivial real-world ocean layers with sensors subject to hysteresis and delay effects.
Numerical and experimental analysis of thermal behaviour of high voltage power cable in unfilled ducts
Authors: Quercio Michele , Del Pino Lopez Juan Carlos , Grasso Sergio , Canova Aldo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe work addresses the topic of the thermal study of high-voltage power cables installed inside plastic pipes in the absence of filling. The presence of air inside the pipe creates an insulating layer that does not favor heat exchange and makes the calculation of the flow rate more complex, as it is necessary to take into account the thermal phenomena of natural convection and radiation between the surface of the cable and the internal surface of the tube. The numerical model based on the finite element calculation was compared with the experimental results obtained on a simulacrum in which the temperatures on the different layers of the cable were measured. After this validation, some typical installation configurations of single and double energy transport triads were analyzed.