bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral surgery simulated teaching; 3D model printing
Authors: Shepherd S. , Macluskey M. , Napier A. , Jackson R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to present the development of a cost effective, inexpensive and anatomically accurate model for the teaching of hard tissue oral surgery using three‐dimensional printing technology.Material and methodsScan data of a dentate human mandible was digitally manipulated and combined with phantom head baseplate data. The resultant three‐dimensional printing of the conglomerate file provided an anatomically accurate plastic model for teaching. Three clinicians with extensive undergraduate oral surgery teaching experience evaluated the resource.Results and conclusionInitial comments suggest that the printed mandible provides realistic feel, feedback and bone removal experience satisfactory for undergraduate teaching. The authors present a relatively easy, malleable and inexpensive alternative approach for the development and local construction of oral surgery teaching resources.
Could acupuncture be an adequate alternative to dexamethasone in pediatric tonsillectomy?
Authors: Moeen Seham M. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundUsage of nonpharmacological treatment contributes to an overall patient well‐being, assisting in physical and emotional healing. Acupuncture has been reported to be useful in reducing early postoperative vomiting (POV) and attenuating postoperative pain.AimThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of dexamethasone vs acupuncture at P6 bilaterally and CV13 on the incidence and severity of POV in children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy.MethodOne hundred and twenty children, ASA I–III aged 2–8 years undergoing elective tonsillectomy were included in this prospective randomized double‐blind study. Children were randomly divided into two equal groups (60 each). At induction of anesthesia, the dexamethasone group received 0.15 mg·kg−1 dexamethasone IV plus sham acupuncture, and the acupuncture group received acupuncture at P6 bilaterally and CV13 plus 2 ml of normal saline IV. Vomiting was recorded at 0–6, 6–24, and 0–24 h postoperatively.ResultsThere was no difference in the incidence of vomiting between the acupuncture and dexamethasone groups. The mean difference in time to first oral intake (95% CI) was 4.3 (0.5–8.6) min between dexamethasone group and acupuncture group; P = 0.426. The mean difference in time until first vomit (95% CI) was 12 (9.5–13.8) min between both groups. No significant differences between Kaplan–Meier curves for time until first vomit (log‐rank test) were obtained (P = 0.697).ConclusionAcupuncture at P6 bilaterally and CV13 provided similar antiemetic effect to dexamethasone in children undergoing tonsillectomy.
Main regulatory pathways, key genes and microRNAs involved in flower formation and development of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)
Authors: Ge Wei , Zhang Ying , Cheng Zhanchao , Hou Dan , Li Xueping , Gao Jian 
Published: June 2016

SummaryMoso bamboo is characterized by infrequent sexual reproduction and erratic flowering habit; however, the molecular biology of flower formation and development is not well studied in this species. We studied the molecular regulation mechanisms of moso bamboo development and flowering by selecting three key regulatory pathways: plant–pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum at different stages of flowering in moso bamboo. We selected PheDof1, PheMADS14 and six microRNAs involved in the three pathways through KEGG pathway and cluster analysis. Subcellular localization, transcriptional activation, Western blotting, in situ hybridization and qRT‐PCR were used to further investigate the expression patterns and regulatory roles of pivotal genes at different flower development stages. Differential expression patterns showed that PheDof1, PheMADS14 and six miRNAs may play vital regulatory roles in flower development and floral transition in moso bamboo. Our research paves way for further studies on metabolic regulatory networks and provides insight into the molecular regulation mechanisms of moso bamboo flowering and senescence.
Serum oxidative stress parameters and paraoxonase‐1 in children and adolescents exposed to passive smoking
Authors: Kahraman Feyza Ustabaş , Torun Emel , Osmanoğlu Nurcan Keskin , Oruçlu Suera , Özer Ömer Faruk 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundExposure to secondhand smoke is too common in many countries. The mechanism of the detrimental effects of passive smoking on childhood health, however, is poorly described. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the effect of passive smoking on total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and paraoxonase‐1 in children compared with healthy non‐passive smokers.MethodsThis study included 40 children and adolescents passively exposed to cigarette smoke (as verified on urine cotinines) and 40 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls not regularly exposed to cigarette smoke. TAS, TOS, and paraoxonase‐1 were all measured, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) calculated for each child to determine the degree of oxidative stress.ResultsAge and gender distribution were not statistically different between the two groups (P = 0.619 and 0.712, respectively). Urine cotinine/creatinine was significantly higher in the passive smoking group (127.89 ± 57.14 ng/mL) compared with the controls (5.05 ± 16.66 ng/mL; P < 0.001). TAS was not different between the two groups (P = 0.767), but TOS and OSI were significantly higher for the passive smoke‐exposed children (P < 0.001), and serum paraoxonase‐1 was significantly lower than in the controls (P = 0.047).ConclusionsSecondhand smoke exposure is associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased paraoxonase‐1 without any change in antioxidant status.
Alterations in cathepsin L expression in lung cancers
Authors: Okudela Koji , Mitsui Hideaki , Woo Tetsukan , Arai Hiromasa , Suzuki Takehisa , Matsumura Mai , Kojima Yoko , Umeda Shigeaki , Tateishi Yoko , Masuda Munetaka , Ohashi Kenichi 
Published: June 2016

We herein investigated the potential role of cathepsin L in lung carcinogenesis. Lung cancer cell lines and surgically resected tumors were examined for the expression of the cathepsin L protein and copy number alterations in its gene locus. Cathepsin L was stably expressed in bronchiolar epithelial cells. Neoplastic cells expressed cathepsin L at various levels, whereas its expression was completely lost in most of the lung cancer cell lines (63.6%, 7/11) examined. Furthermore, expression levels were lower in a large fraction of lung tumors (69.5%, 139/200) than in bronchiolar epithelia. The expression of cathepsin L was lost in some tumors (16.0%, 32/200). In adenocarcinomas, expression levels were significantly lower in high‐grade tumors than in low‐grade tumors (one‐way ANOVA, P < 0.0500). Copy number alterations were found in 18.0% (36 [32 gain + 4 loss] /200) of lung tumors. No relationship existed between cathepsin L protein expression levels and the copy number of its gene locus (Spearman's rank‐order correlation, P = 0.3096). Collectively, these results suggest that the down‐regulated expression of cathepsin L, which is caused by an undefined mechanism other than copy number alterations, is involved in the progression of lung adenocarcinomas.
Race 2 of Verticillium dahliae infecting tomato in Japan can be split into two races with differential pathogenicity on resistant rootstocks
Authors: Usami T. , Momma N. , Kikuchi S. , Watanabe H. , Hayashi A. , Mizukawa M. , Yoshino K. , Ohmori Y. 
Published: June 2016

Verticillium dahliae infecting tomato can be differentiated into races 1 and 2 based on differential pathogenicity on tomato cultivars carrying resistance gene Ve1. Although no commercial cultivars resistant to race 2 are available, race 2‐resistant rootstock cultivars Aibou and Ganbarune‐Karis have been bred in Japan. Nevertheless, the resistance of these rootstocks appears to be unstable in commercial tomato fields. Pathogenicity assays conducted under controlled conditions revealed that these rootstock cultivars are resistant to some isolates of race 2; this resistance is controlled by a single dominant locus, denoted by V2, based on segregation of resistance in F2 populations from selfed rootstock cultivars. However, some other isolates of race 2 can overcome this resistance. Therefore it is proposed that the current race 2 of V. dahliae should be divided into two races, i.e. ‘race 2’ (nonpathogenic on Aibou) and ‘race 3’ (pathogenic on Aibou). The distribution of these races was surveyed in 70 commercial tomato fields in Hida, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Race 3 was found in 45 fields, indicating that race 3 had already spread throughout the region. On the other hand, 25 fields had only race 2, and thus race 2‐resistant rootstocks would be effective for disease management in these fields. Races 2 and 3 could not be identified by genomic Southern hybridization probed with a telomere sequence, nor with previously reported race‐specific PCR assays. Elucidation of race‐determining mechanisms and development of methods for quick race identification should be made in future studies.
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Stimulation Increase the Number of Luteinized Follicles and the Progesterone Level Compared with Cabergoline Stimulation in Anoestrus Bitches
Authors: Jurczak A , Domosławska A , Bukowska B , Janowski T 
Published: June 2016

ContentsIn this study, ovarian morphologies and blood progesterone concentrations following oestrous induction in bitches were examined. Fifty‐three clinically healthy anoestrus bitches received cabergoline at a daily dose of 5 μg/kg of body weight per os for 21 days (group I) or subcutaneous equine chorionic gonadotropin at a dose of 20 IU/kg of body weight for five consecutive days with an additional 500 IU s.c. per bitch of human chorionic gonadotropin on the last day of treatment (group II). Twenty bitches that spontaneously displayed oestrous signs were left untreated and served as controls (group III). The induced oestrous rates and ovulation rates in groups I and II were 60.0% vs 64.3% and 86.7% vs 83.3%, respectively. Morphological assessments of the ovarian structures after ovariohysterectomy revealed an increase in the number of luteinized follicles and cysts in group II compared with the two other groups (p < 0.001). In contrast, the numbers of corpora lutea and follicles were similar in all groups. In accordance with the above‐mentioned alteration, the progesterone concentration in the gonadotropin group (II) was increased (p < 0.001) in the periovulatory period compared with the other two groups. During the entire sampling period, the progesterone profiles in the cabergoline (I) and control (III) groups were similar and typical of normally cycling bitches. In conclusion, gonadotropin treatment is associated with an increased progesterone level during the periovulatory period that probably originates from luteinized follicles, whereas cabergoline treatment induces cycles with both physiological progesterone concentrations and ovarian morphologies.
Analysis of absorption and spreading of moisturizer on the microscopic region of the skin surface with near‐infrared imaging
Authors: Arimoto H. , Yanai M. , Egawa M. 
Published: June 2016

Background/purposeNear‐infrared (NIR) light with high water absorption enables us to visualize the water content distribution appeared in the superficial skin layer. The light penetration depth with the wavelength of 1920 nm is almost 100 μm from the skin surface. Thus, the water distribution in the stratum corneum can be effectively imaged by detecting the wavelength band around 1920 nm. The aim of this article was to measure the time‐lapse behavior of the tiny droplet of the moisturizer spreading on the skin surface by imaging in 1920 nm wavelength band for investigating the correlation with the traditional index of the skin condition such as the water content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL).MethodsExperiment is performed with three moisturizer products and seven volunteer subjects. The NIR image is acquired by an originally designed imaging scope equipped with the white light of the strong brightness [super continuum (SC) light], the bandpass filter with the center wavelength of 1920 nm, and the NIR image sensor. A tiny droplet of the moisturizer is put on the surface of the skin and the time‐lapse images are saved. Each acquired image is analyzed from a view point of the droplet area and elapsed time for absorption into the skin. The water content and TEWL of all subjects are measured by the conventional electrical method for investigating the relationship with the measured droplet dynamics parameters.ResultsElapsed time for moisturizer droplet to be absorbed into the skin, the droplet area just before absorption for three moisturizer products, skin water contents, and TEWL for seven subjects were measured and correlation coefficients for each parameters were calculated. It was found that the skin with higher water contents or lower TEWL absorbed the moisturizer faster and spreads moisturizer wider. Also absorption and spreading speed depend on moisturizer property (moisturizing or fresh) which is originated from the moisturizer constituents.ConclusionThe correlation values between the moisturizer dynamics on the skin surface and the traditional index of the skin property were clarified. It was found that the skin with the high water content or low TEWL absorbs the moisturizer droplet fast. The spreading area depends not only on the skin property but on the constituents of the moisturizers.
Cuticular wax biosynthesis is positively regulated by WRINKLED4, an AP2/ERF‐type transcription factor, in Arabidopsis stems
Authors: Park Chan Song , Go Young Sam , Suh Mi Chung 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe aerial surfaces of terrestrial plants are covered by a cuticular wax layer, which protects the plants from environmental stresses such as desiccation, high irradiance, and UV radiation. Cuticular wax deposition is regulated in an organ‐specific manner; Arabidopsis stems have more than 10‐fold higher wax loads than leaves. In this study, we found that WRINKLED4 (WRI4), encoding an AP2/ERF (ethylene‐responsive factor) transcription factor (TF), is predominantly expressed in stem epidermis, is upregulated by salt stress, and is involved in activating cuticular wax biosynthesis in Arabidopsis stems. WRI4 harbors a transcriptional activation domain at its N‐terminus, and fluorescent signals from a WRI4:eYFP construct were localized to the nuclei of tobacco leaf protoplasts. Deposition of epicuticular wax crystals on stems was reduced in wri4‐1 and wri4‐3 knockout mutants. Total wax loads were reduced by ~28% in wri4 stems but were not altered in wri4 siliques or leaves compared to the wild type. The levels of 29‐carbon long alkanes, ketones, and secondary alcohols, which are the most abundant components of stem waxes, were significantly reduced in wri4 stems relative to the wild type. A transactivation assay in tobacco protoplasts and a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that the expression of long‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetase1 (LACS1), β–ketoacyl CoA reductase1 (KCR1), PASTICCINO2 (PAS2), trans‐2,3‐enoyl‐CoA reductase (ECR), and bifunctional wax synthase/acyl‐CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD1) is positively regulated by direct binding of WRI4 to their promoters. Taken together, these results suggest that WRI4 is a transcriptional activator that specifically controls cuticular wax biosynthesis in Arabidopsis stems.
MID1 plays an important role in response to drought stress during reproductive development
Authors: Guo Changkui , Yao Lingya , You Chenjiang , Wang Shuangshuang , Cui Jie , Ge Xiaochun , Ma Hong 
Published: June 2016

SummaryDrought during rice reproductive development results in yield loss. It is important to understand the functions of drought‐responsive genes in reproductive tissues for improving rice yield under water‐deficit conditions. We show here that MID1 (MYB Important for Drought Response1), encoding a putative R‐R‐type MYB‐like transcription factor, can improve rice yield under drought. MID1 was primarily expressed in root and leaf vascular tissues, with low level in the tapetum, and was induced by drought and other abiotic stresses. Compared with wild type, MID1‐overexpressing plants were more tolerant to drought at both vegetative and reproductive stages and produced more grains under water stress. MID1‐overexpressing plants exhibited less severe anther defects such as deformed anther locules, abnormal tapetum, degenerated microspores and expanded middle layer, with improved pollen fertility and higher seed setting rate. MID1 was localized to the nucleus and could activate gene expression in yeast, and its homologs were identified in many other plants with high levels sequence similarity. In addition, candidate MID1‐regulated genes were analyzed using RNA‐seq and qRT‐PCR, including genes crucial for stress responses and anther development, with altered expressions in the florets of MID1‐overexpressing plants and RNAi lines. Furthermore, MID1 could bind to the promoters of two drought‐related genes (Hsp17.0 and CYP707A5) and one anther developmental gene (KAR) according to ChIP‐qPCR data. Our findings suggest that MID1 is a transcriptional regulator that promotes rice male development under drought by modulating the expressions of drought‐related and anther developmental genes and provide valuable information for crop improvement.
Retrospective evaluation of the effect of high flow oxygen therapy delivered by nasal cannula on PaO2 in dogs with moderate‐to‐severe hypoxemia
Authors: Keir Iain , Daly Jennifer , Haggerty Jamie , Guenther Christine 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the effects of high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) in canine patients failing traditional oxygen therapy (TOT).DesignRetrospective study.SettingPrivate referral practice.AnimalsSix client‐owned dogs with primary pulmonary hypoxemia.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsHigh flow oxygen was delivered by high flow nasal prongs to dogs assessed clinically to be failing TOTs. HFOT was able to significantly improve PaO2 compared to TOT in severely hypoxemic dogs (median, 133.75 mm Hg; range, 109.2–304.8) versus median 61.85 mm Hg (range, 52.3–71.8; xsP = 0.0412). Flow rates were significantly higher with HFOT compared to TOT (median, 688 mL/kg/min; range, 523–1,667 mL/kg/min) versus median 122 mL/kg/min (range, 80–208; P = 0.0412). Complications included patient discomfort requiring light sedation in 1/6 dogs and persistence of a pneumothorax in 1 dog. Hypoxemia resolved in 4/6 dogs.ConclusionThese data suggest HFOT is a viable clinical intervention for dogs with moderate‐to‐severe hypoxemia assessed to be failing TOT. Further studies are needed to determine if HFOT can be used as an alternative to mechanical ventilation in resource limited settings and to characterize the complications associated with this therapy.
A preliminary description of Ugandan English
Authors: NASSENSTEIN NICO 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe present paper aims at describing the English variety spoken in Uganda through a discussion of its main phonological as well as morphological features that can be traced back to contact‐induced change. Luganda as the main lingua franca in Kampala as well as other languages such as Acholi have had a strong impact on speakers’ phonological realizations as well as on certain morphological structures that can be found in Ugandan English today. This does not solely concern borrowing strategies of structural and lexical elements, but also various cases of calquing. Furthermore, insights into syntactic change as well as pragmatics (that reveal Luganda‐like politeness patterns) conclude the brief description of modern Ugandan English.
Unravelling theLineus ruber/viridisspecies complex (Nemertea, Heteronemertea)
Authors: Krämer Daria , Schmidt Christian , Podsiadlowski Lars , Beckers Patrick , Horn Lisa , von Döhren Jörn 
Published: June 2016

Lineus ruber(Müller,) andLineus viridis(Müller,) are among the longest known and most abundant intertidal nemertean species found on both sides of the North Atlantic. Due to easy maintenance in captivity, both species have been well studied concerning morphology, reproduction, development and ecology. Originally described as two separate species in the 18th century, they were subsequently synonymised and considered colour varieties of a single species. It was not until the mid‐20th century that complementary redescriptions, including information on reproduction and development, re‐established the specific identities ofL. ruberandL. viridis. With the advent of molecular markers in nemertean systematics, however, doubt was again cast on their specific identities. To solve one of the longest standing problems in nemertean systematics, we assembled a comprehensive data set combining external morphology and three genetic markers (mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit I, 16SrRNAand nuclear internal transcribed spacer region) from 160 specimens ofL. ruberandL. viridiscollected at six sampling sites along the continental coast of Western Europe. The data set was analysed with tree‐based and non‐tree‐based species delimitation methods. The results from all methods used confidently delimit three separate clades. A distinct barcoding gap was detected in our data set which thus provides a framework to unequivocally identify specimens as members of any of the three species. Comparison of our findings with published data enables us to assign one lineage toL. ruberand one toL. viridis. We designated neotypes for both species. The third clade is very similar toL. viridis, only distinguishable by a conspicuous, iridescent ventral fold in some male specimens This lineage shows a syntopic distribution along western European coasts and represents a species new to science and is described asLineus clandestinussp. n. based on its external characters and the analyses of the molecular data provided in this study.
Testing the ASMTurb Method on the Example Modelling of the Budget Equation of Turbulent Kinetic Energy
Authors: Nuzhnov Yu. V. 
Published: June 2016

The statistical modeling of fluctuating kinetic energy in turbulent and non-turbulent fluid of a turbulent flow are presented and self-similar solutions applied to budget equations of conditionally averaged fluctuating kinetic energy are obtained. The equations were constructed on basis of the method of autonomous statistical modeling of turbulent flows (ASMTurb method) and allow to calculate the conditional averages both fluctuating kinetic energy and terms of the budget equations. The total statistical averages are found with help algebraic ratios between total and conditional averages through the agency of external intermittency factor.
Testing the ASMTurb method is presented in the form of ASMTurb model for self-similar region of the two-stream plane mixing layer. Test results showed that the constructed here ASMTurb model is deeper and more accurate than RANS model. A comparison is performed between predictions and known experimental data for energy-containing fluctuating structure of the turbulent flow in mixing layer and excellent agreements are noted.