bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of type 2b von Willebrand disease in the neonatal period
Authors: Proud Lindsay , Ritchey A. Kim 
Published: July 2016

AbstractVon Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, affecting one in 1,000 people. Type 2b VWD is a less common subtype caused by a gain‐of‐function mutation in von Willebrand factor (VWF) that leads to the formation of large, ineffective VWF‐platelet multimers in circulation. This unique pathophysiology creates diagnostic and treatment dilemmas. There is limited information on the management of type 2b VWD in the neonatal period. This report describes the management of a neonate with type 2b VWD with an emphasis on the added benefit of concomitant platelet transfusion and factor replacement therapy over factor replacement therapy alone.
Contact allergy to ingredients of topical medications: results of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA), 2009–2012
Authors: Uter Wolfgang , Spiewak Radoslaw , Cooper Susan M. , Wilkinson Mark , Sánchez Pérez Javier , Schnuch Axel , Schuttelaar Marie‐Louise 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to give an overview of the prevalence of contact allergy to active ingredients and excipients of topical medications across Europe.MethodsRetrospective analysis of data collected by the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (www.essca‐dc.org) with substances applied to consecutively patch tested patients, 2009–2012, in 54 departments in 12 European countries.ResultsIn view of the varying composition of the baseline series used in the previously mentioned departments and countries, between 58 833 (lanolin alcohols) and 16 498 patients (sodium metabisulfite) were patch tested with the topical agents covered in this study. Among these, positive (allergic) reactions were most commonly observed to sodium metabisulfite (3.12% positive), followed by propolis (2.48%), Compositae mix (1.73%), lanolin alcohols (1.65%) and caine mix III (benzocaine, cinchocaine and tetracaine; 1.27%).ConclusionsSeveral of the substances warrant routine screening for contact allergy, i.e. patch testing in a baseline series. However, in view of a vast number of other topical agents, additional patch testing with the suspect topical drug preparations (including natural remedies and cosmetics) is warranted. In the event of a positive test to the (pharmaceutical) product, single ingredients should be tested individually to precisely identify the hapten(s). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Provider risk factors for medication administration error alerts: analyses of a large‐scale closed‐loop medication administration system using RFID and barcode
Authors: Hwang Yeonsoo , Yoon Dukyong , Ahn Eun Kyoung , Hwang Hee , Park Rae Woong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeTo determine the risk factors and rate of medication administration error (MAE) alerts by analyzing large‐scale medication administration data and related error logs automatically recorded in a closed‐loop medication administration system using radio‐frequency identification and barcodes.MethodsThe subject hospital adopted a closed‐loop medication administration system. All medication administrations in the general wards were automatically recorded in real‐time using radio‐frequency identification, barcodes, and hand‐held point‐of‐care devices. MAE alert logs recorded during a full 1 year of 2012. We evaluated risk factors for MAE alerts including administration time, order type, medication route, the number of medication doses administered, and factors associated with nurse practices by logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 2 874 539 medication dose records from 30 232 patients (882.6 patient‐years) were included in 2012. We identified 35 082 MAE alerts (1.22% of total medication doses). The MAE alerts were significantly related to administration at non‐standard time [odds ratio (OR) 1.559, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.515–1.604], emergency order (OR 1.527, 95%CI 1.464–1.594), and the number of medication doses administered (OR 0.993, 95%CI 0.992–0.993). Medication route, nurse's employment duration, and working schedule were also significantly related.ConclusionThe MAE alert rate was 1.22% over the 1‐year observation period in the hospital examined in this study. The MAE alerts were significantly related to administration time, order type, medication route, the number of medication doses administered, nurse's employment duration, and working schedule. The real‐time closed‐loop medication administration system contributed to improving patient safety by preventing potential MAEs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of chemi‐crystallization and free volume changes of high‐density polyethylene weathered in a subtropical humid zone
Authors: Xiong Jian , Ni Kai , Liao Xia , Zhu Jingjun , An Zhu , Yang Qi , Huang Yajiang , Li Guangxian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe chemi‐crystallization and free volume changes of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) exposed to subtropical humid climate of Guangzhou, China, were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, dynamic mechanical analysis and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. An increase in content of carbonyl groups and significant chemi‐crystallization were observed to occur during natural exposure. Chain scission accounted for the chemi‐crystallization and would lead to greater crystallizability of the molecules. The reheating DSC run indicated that the crystallizability of the degraded HDPE molecules increased initially with exposure time and then decreased. Positron data showed the new crystals induced by chemi‐crystallization indeed had more imperfect crystal structure in comparison with the pre‐existing parent crystals, and the free volume located in amorphous regions decreased involving a shrinking of the free volume holes. The shrinkage of free volume holes was correlated with the loss of mobility of HDPE molecules, which was confirmed by the increase of glass transition temperature. The formation of new imperfect crystals might increase the amount of rigid amorphous fraction of HDPE materials, as well as the occurrence of crosslinking reactions of molecules located in the interior of HDPE materials, consequently decreasing the molecular mobility. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel polyvinyl alcohol polymer based nanostructure with ferrites co‐doped with nickel and cobalt ions for magneto‐sensor application
Authors: Thanigai Arul Kumaravelu , Manikandan Elayaperumal , Ladchumananandasivam Rasiah , Maaza Malik 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUniform nanosheet‐like structures were synthesized by the polymer based co‐precipitation route. Different concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (pure (0 g), 0.2 g and 0.5 g) were added to nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) ion co‐doped ferrite magnetic nanoparticles. X‐ray diffraction confirmed a spinel structure phase of the Ni − Co ferrites. Enhanced average crystallite size (6.7%) of the Ni − Co ferrites was found on polymer incorporation. The molecular functional group of polyvinyl alcohol and Ni − Co ferrites was confirmed by infrared and Raman spectroscopy techniques. On adding polymer, the spherical morphology of the Ni − Co ferrites was tailored to nanosheets (200 nm × 300 nm). Therefore, the polymer based co‐precipitation technique is an inexpensive, simple and effective route to engineer the morphology of the magnetic nanostructure and could be useful for gas sensor and magnetic sensors. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Role of Metal Oxide Nanomaterials on Thermal Stability of 1,3,6‐Trinitrocarbazole
Authors: Pourmortazavi Seied Mahdi , Rahimi‐Nasrabadi Mehdi , Rai Hossein , Besharati‐Seidani Abbas , Javidan Abdollah 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe thermal behaviour of 1,3,6‐trinitrocarbazole (TENT) in the form of pure and nanocomposite explosives was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). Thermoanalytical data revealed that thermal decomposition of pure TENT is significantly different from the investigated nanocomposites. The results confirmed that pure TENT decomposed completely in a single stage in the temperature range 400–450 °C. Though, addition of the nanoparticles to the TENT powder leads to higher thermal stability in comparison with the pure TENT. Decomposition kinetics of the pure TENT and the nanocomposites were studied by non‐isothermal DSC at diverse heating rates. The resulted thermokinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the thermal decomposition of pure TENT were compared with the nanocomposites.
Bioinspired Fabrication of Insensitive HMX Particles with Polydopamine Coating
Authors: Zhu Qing , Xiao Chun , Li Shangbin , Luo Guan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe development of a facile method for large scale production of insensitive HMX particles is of great importance for energetic materials, especially for insensitive munitions. Inspired by mussels, HMX particles with a thin, robust, wettable and uniform coating based on the self‐polymerization of dopamine were prepared by one‐step solution stirring processes in the study. The as‐prepared HMX@PDA particles showed stable shape, size, and polymorphy compared with original HMX particles. With PDA (polydopamine) coating, the HMX@PDA particles exhibited better wettability, which could improve the adhesive properties between particles and other liquid components in a PBX (plastic bonded explosive). Furthermore, the mechanical sensitivities were decreased for the HMX@PDA particles because of the uniform and smooth PDA coating decreasing the hot spots on the surface of the HMX particles. HMX@PDA particles produced by a facile scalable process might provide a promising substitute for sensitive HMX particles to enhance the safety and adhesive properties when used in PBX.
Labelled microbial culture as a calibration medium for 13C‐isotope measurement of derivatized compounds: application to tert‐butyldimethylsilyl amino acids
Authors: Kheirbeik Louay , Hatté Christine , Balesdent Jérôme 
Published: July 2016

RationaleCompound‐specific stable carbon isotope analysis by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) is widely used in studies of environmental or biological functioning. In the case of derivatized molecules, a calibration might be required due to added non‐analyte carbon and in some cases non‐stoichiometric recovery by the mass spectrometer.MethodsTwo biological materials of known isotopic composition were produced by microbial cell cultures on either 13C‐labelled glucose or non‐labelled glucose as sole source of carbon. Subsequent hydrolyzed amino acids were derivatized as tert‐butyldimethylsilyl (tBDMSi) derivatives and analyzed by GC/C/IRMS. The 13C‐enrichment measurements were used as a direct calibration to calculate the original 13C/12C ratios of individual amino acids. We tested this calibration on both known and unknown samples.ResultsFor the main proteinogenic amino acids we could determine the number of non‐analyte added carbon atoms and assess the non‐stoichiometrical recovery of tBDMSi carbon atoms, due to their incomplete oxidation in the combustion step of GC/C/IRMS. The calibration enabled the determination of the natural abundances (δ13C values) of amino acids with an average accuracy of ±1.1 ‰. We illustrate the application of the calibration to determine the 13C/12C ratios of amino acids, and the associated uncertainty, in biological and plant materials.ConclusionsThe analysis of a labelled microbial cell culture offers a straightforward, rapid and reliable estimate of non‐analyte carbon contribution to stable isotope composition. We recommend this method as a calibration or a control in artificial or natural 13C‐tracing experiments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate change and individual duties
Authors: Fragnière Augustin 
Published: July 2016

Tackling climate change has often been considered the responsibility of national governments. But do individuals also have a duty to act in the face of this problem? In particular, do they have a duty to adopt a greener lifestyle or to press their government to act? This review critically examines the arguments provided for and against such duties in the relevant philosophic literature. It first discusses the problem of causal inefficacy—namely the fact that individual greenhouse gas emissions appear to make no difference to the harmful consequences of climate change—and whether it clears individuals from any moral obligations related to climate change. Then, it considers various other arguments for the existence of such duties, including integrity, fairness, universalizability, or virtue. Finally, it assesses the existence of a duty to promote collective action through active citizenship. The conclusion emphasizes that most writers agree on the fact that individuals have at least some duties to take action against climate change, but that disagreement remains about the exact nature and, above all, the extent of these duties. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:798–814. doi: 10.1002/wcc.422This article is categorized under:

Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate Change
A Qualitative Study of Anticipated Decision Making around Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Testing: the Role of Scientifically Concordant and Discordant Expectations
Authors: Carmichael Alicia G. , Hulswit Bailey B. , Moe Emily J. , Jayaratne Toby Epstein , Yashar Beverly M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) genetic testing is undergoing clinical trials to measure the efficacy of genetic counseling for behavior‐based risk reduction. The expectations patients bring to the testing process may play an important role in individual outcomes. We conducted a qualitative exploration of anticipated decision‐making and expectations around T2DM genetic testing. Semi‐structured interviews were completed with Mexican Americans (n = 34), non‐Hispanic Black Americans (n = 39), and non‐Hispanic White Americans (n = 39) at risk for T2DM. Transcripts were analyzed for themes. Most participants would accept T2DM genetic testing in order to motivate risk‐reducing behaviors or apprise family members of their risk. Participants who would decline testing wished to avoid emotional distress or believed the test would not reveal new risk information. Non‐Hispanic Whites and those with college education declined genetic testing more often than other groups. Those without college education were more likely to have testing expectations that were discordant with current science, such as conflating genetic testing with common ‘blood tests.’ Understanding expectations and decision‐making factors around T2DM genetic testing will better prepare healthcare professionals to counsel their patients. This may lead to a higher efficacy of T2DM genetic testing and counseling.
Shear strength features of unsaturated clayey sand by lab test
Authors: Tian Qingyan , Qian Nigui , Zhang Jiantong 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
To study the shear feature of the clayey sand subgrade, the equations of soil–water characteristic curve with different net mean stresses were established based on laboratory test and non-linear elastic theory. The laboratory result shows that the net mean stress has significantly affected on the soil–water characteristic curve shape. The greater the net mean stress, the smaller moisture content of soil. The shear features of clayey sand were also figured out using triaxial equipment with mini air and water pressure sensors in non-drained and non-exhaust state. The results of research indicate that the net confining pressure and moisture content have significant effect on the strength, deformation, and yield feature of unsaturated clayey sand. The shear strength increases with the growth of net confining pressure in case of constant moisture content. The cohesion and friction angle of soil become larger with the increase of moisture content less than optimum content; while the water content is greater than the optimum water content, they show the opposite trend. The unsaturated clayey sand shows obvious dilatancy deformation in shearing. In the phase of shear contraction, the shear stress increases with the growth of suction and net confining pressure, which declines after it reach the peak point. Results of this research will be a benefit for the engineer.
Manchukuo’s Contested Sovereignty: Legal Activism, Rights Consciousness, and Civil Resistance in a “Puppet State”
Authors: MITCHELL Ryan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThough often viewed as a mere stepping stone in Japan’s gradual early-twentieth-century military and economic encroachment on China, the “puppet state” of Manchukuo was also paradoxically characterized by a high degree of legitimizing legal rhetoric. While its political realities generally failed to reflect these idealized foundations, the latter did provide significant space for legal and other forms of civil society resistance, including by Chinese legal professionals. The germinal resistance movement of these actors demonstrates a complex relationship between the concepts of sovereignty, law, and national affiliation, both in the context of state repression and in the overlapping demands of competing identities. Though various theoretical understandings of resistance help to illuminate this activism, it is perhaps best seen as a radical challenge to the regime’s power to define the norms and exceptions of political and social life.
The Impact of a Concussion-U Educational Program on Knowledge of and Attitudes about Concussion
Authors: Eagles Matthew E. , Bradbury-Squires David J. , Powell Maria F. , Murphy Justin R. , Campbell Graeme D. , Maroun Falah B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground: The diagnosis of a sports-related concussion is often dependent on the athlete self-reporting their symptoms. It has been suggested that improving youth athlete knowledge and attitudes toward concussion may increase self-reporting behaviour. The objective of this study was to determine if a novel Concussion-U educational program improves knowledge of and attitudes about concussion among a cohort of elite male Bantam and Midget AAA hockey players. Methods: Fifty-seven male Bantam and Midget AAA-level hockey players (mean age=14.52±1.13 years) were recruited from the local community. Each participant completed a modified version of the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey–Student Version immediately before and after a Concussion-U educational presentation. Follow-up sessions were arranged 4 to 6 months after the presentation, and assessed retention of knowledge and attitude changes. Results: Forty-three players completed all three surveys. Concussion knowledge and attitude scores significantly (p<0.01) increased from pre- to post-presentation by 12.79 and 8.41%, respectively. At long-term follow-up, knowledge levels remained significantly (p<0.01) higher than baseline by 8.49%. Mean attitude scores were also increased at follow-up; however, this increase was not statistically significant. Conclusions: A Concussion-U educational program led to an immediate improvement in concussion knowledge and attitudes among elite male Bantam and Midget AAA hockey players. Increased knowledge was maintained at long-term follow-up, but improved attitude was not. Future studies should investigate whether similar educational programs influence symptom reporting and concussion incidence. In addition, they should focus on how to maintain improved concussion attitudes.
A Marine Reservoir Effect ∆R Value for Kitandach, in Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Edinborough Kevan , Martindale Andrew , Cook Gordon T , Supernant Kisha , Ames Kenneth M 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPrince Rupert Harbour (PRH), on the north Pacific Coast of British Columbia, contains at least 157 shell middens, of which 66 are known villages, in an area of approximately 180 km2. These sites span the last 9500 yr and in some cases are immense, exceeding 20,000 m2 surface area and several meters in depth. Recent archaeological research in PRH has become increasingly reliant on radiocarbon dates from marine shell for developing chronologies. However, this is problematic as the local marine reservoir effect (MRE) remains poorly understood in the region. To account for the MRE and to better date the Harbour’s sites, we propose a ΔR of 273±38 for the PRH area, based on our work at the site of Kitandach (GbTo-34), a massive shell midden-village centrally located within the Harbour. We followed the multiple paired sample approach for samples from specific contexts and ensured contemporaneity within the groups of marine and terrestrial materials by statistically assessing for outliers using the χ2 test. Taking together, the results for this and previous studies, it appears the MRE was fairly constant over the past 5000 yr.
Level of Anxiety in Parents of High-Risk Premature Twins
Authors: Zanardo V. , Freato F. , Cereda C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe attempted to define parental anxiety in a population of parents of high-risk premature twins (mean birth weight 1.493 ± 227 kg; mean gestational age 33 ± 3.5 weeks), admitted to III level NICU. We specifically examined the following factors: gestational age of the twins, whether or not the twins had ventilatory support, pulmonary sequelae, major malformations or intra-ventricular hemorrhage, parental gender and highest level of education obtained by the parent. In the immediate pre-discharge period and a month later, a questionnaire (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) was given to all parents of premature twins presenting for the discharge. The parents of 30 twins entered the study twice, at the discharge of their first twin (mean postnatal age 40 ± 32 days), and one month later. They included 15 mothers and 11 fathers, aged 33 ± 5.5 and 33 ± 4.2 years, and at the second evaluation 11 mothers and 10 fathers, respectively. As case-controls we examined parental anxiety of fifteen consecutive singleton high-risk prematures, with equal gestational age, discharged immediately after. Our results indicate that the parents of high-risk twin and singleton prematures present an elevated, lasting state-trait anxiety level. Pre- and post-discharge parental anxiety is more elevated (not significant) in twinning with respect to the prematurity alone. When assessed separately by parental gender, in both these groups an increased (not significant) anxiety was persistently found in the mothers. We recommend that, although neonatologists generally define the discharge of the high-risk premature based upon the acquired stabilization of vital parameters, they pay special attention to the twin group we have identified which is at increased risk for predischarge parental anxiety.