bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burnout among direct‐care workers in nursing homes: Influences of organisational, workplace, interpersonal and personal characteristics
Authors: Yeatts Dale E , Seckin Gul , Shen Yuying , Thompson Michael , Auden Dana , Cready Cynthia M 
Published: January 2018

Aims and objectivesThe many negative effects of burnout have prompted researchers to better understand the factors contributing to it. The purpose of this paper is to add to this body of knowledge through the study of burnout among direct‐care workers in nursing homes.BackgroundPerhaps the factor most often associated with employee burnout is the level of staffing—insufficient staffing results in work overload and eventually employee burnout. A closer look at research findings suggests that there are many other factors also contributing to burnout. These range from those at the organisational level, such as availability of training and resources to individual characteristics such as self‐esteem and length of employment.MethodsA self‐administered survey instrument was completed by 410 direct‐care workers working within 11 nursing homes in the north Texas region. Regression analyses were performed, adjusting for clustering by nursing home. Beta coefficients and structure coefficients are reported. Burnout was measured through three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment.ResultsOrganisational, work design, interpersonal and individual characteristics were found to be associated with one or more dimensions of burnout.ConclusionsThe analyses largely support previous research. Organisational variables of significance included the availability of resources to do the work, available training and fair pay. Work design variables of significance included adequate staffing. The individual characteristic, self‐esteem, appeared to have the strongest impact on burnout. Commitment to the organisation also had a large impact.Relevance to clinical practiceWhile the data do not allow for the testing of causal relationships, the data do suggest that providing adequate staffing, perceived fair pay, sufficient work resources (e.g., towels, gowns), management support and adequate training may result in less direct‐care worker burnout on the job.
Impact of new diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes
Authors: Sexton Holly , Heal Clare , Banks Jennifer , Braniff Kathleen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimIn January 2015, the diagnostic and therapeutic criteria for gestational diabetes changed, with the goal of increasing the sensitivity of diagnosis and improving overall glycemic control, and thus reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our primary aim was to evaluate the effect of the new guidelines on the incidence of diagnosis of gestational diabetes and the incidence of therapeutic interventions. Our secondary aim was to look at the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsA retrospective clinical audit was conducted at a regional hospital to compare the incidence of gestational diabetes, and the specific maternal and neonatal outcomes before and after the change in guidelines was implemented. Data were collected via chart review for a 6‐month period before and after the change in guidelines in January 2015. Data collected included demographics, neonatal and maternal outcomes, and the treatment type used for patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes.ResultsThere was a significant increase in the incidence of diagnosis of gestational diabetes (9.8–19.6%; P < 0.001), and an overall increase in the use of pharmacological treatments for gestational diabetes. There was no significant difference in the incidence of the adverse outcomes measured, including cesarean delivery and macrosomia. There was no significant change in mean fetal weight.ConclusionDespite a doubling of the incidence of diagnosis of gestational diabetes, and a consequent increase in pharmacological interventions, the change in diagnostic and therapeutic criteria did not significantly reduce the neonatal or maternal adverse outcomes measured.
The Direct Cytotoxic Effects of Different Hemostatic Agents on Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Labban Nawaf , AlOtaibi Hanan , Mokeem Abdullah , AlJameel Mohammad , AlRasheed Talal , Ali Dalia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the cytotoxic effects of different hemostatic agents (including Expasyl) on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in vitro.Materials and MethodsHGFs were cultured and exposed to either no medicament treatment or 1:200 dilution of six different hemostatic agents (Hemox‐A, Hemodent, Astringedent, Vicostat, Expasyl, 3M ESPE) for 2, 5, 10 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours. Toxicity to HGFs was determined by lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and colorimetric (WST‐1) assays. Two‐tailed t‐test was used for statistical analyses with α level set at 0.05.ResultsThe group‐by‐time interactions were significant for the LDH and WST‐1 assays (p < 0.001). Evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of different hemostatic agents at different incubation time intervals on the cell membrane damage revealed that Astringedent showed the highest cytotoxic effect on HGFs compared to other agents with regards to untreated negative control cells at all incubation time intervals (p < 0.001). On the other hand, Expasyl showed the least cytotoxic effect with significant differences at 5 minutes and 1 hour (p < 0.001) in comparison to other agents.ConclusionsLDH and WST‐1 assays of hemostatic agents showed significant cytotoxic effect on HGFs at different time intervals. The data suggest that the risk for permanent tissue damage might be less significant when Expasyl is used during final impression procedure compared to when Astringedent is used.
Vaccine‐preventable child deaths in New South Wales from 2005 to 2014: How much is preventable?
Authors: Phillips Anastasia , Beard Frank , Macartney Kristine , Chan Jocelyn , Gilmour Robin , Saravanos Gemma , McIntyre Peter 
Published: January 2018

AimTo identify and describe potentially vaccine‐preventable child deaths in New South Wales (NSW).MethodsChild deaths in NSW from 2005 to 2014 potentially preventable by vaccination were identified from the NSW Child Death Register (maintained by the NSW Ombudsman) and the Notifiable Conditions Information Management System (NSW Health). Medical and post‐mortem records were reviewed. Cases were classified as vaccine‐preventable based on the strength of evidence for the relevant infection causing death and likelihood that death was preventable through vaccination. A two‐source capture–recapture method was used to estimate the true number of deaths. Age‐specific mortality rate and number of deaths by disease, area of residence and comorbidity were analysed. Deaths were classified as preventable based on vaccine availability, eligibility under the National Immunisation Program, age and presence of any contraindications.ResultsFifty‐four deaths were identified as definitely or probably due to diseases for which a vaccine was available, with a total average annual mortality rate of 0.33 per 100 000 children and 2.1 per 100 000 infants. Two thirds of deaths occurred in children with no identified comorbidities. Twenty‐three deaths were classified as preventable or potentially preventable by vaccination, with influenza (12 deaths) and meningococcal disease (five deaths) most common. An additional 15 deaths would be potentially preventable as of August 2016 due to immunisation recommendation changes including maternal vaccination.ConclusionMaternal vaccination along with increased uptake of childhood influenza vaccination could reduce child deaths, particularly from influenza.
Evaluating Factors Impacting Medication Adherence Among Rural, Urban, and Suburban Populations
Authors: Arbuckle Cody , Tomaszewski Daniel , Aronson Benjamin D. , Brown Lawrence , Schommer Jon , Morisky Donald , Linstead Erik 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate differences in prescription medication adherence rates, as well as influencing factors, in rural and urban adults.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of the 2015 National Consumer Survey on the Medication Experience and Pharmacists' Role. A total of 26,173 participants completed the survey and provided usable data. Participants using between 1 and 30 prescription medications and living more than 0 miles and up to 200 miles from their nearest pharmacy were selected for the study, resulting in a total of 15,933 participants. Data from the 2010 US Census and Rural Health Research Center were used to determine the population density of each participant's ZIP code. Participant adherence to reported chronic medications was measured based on the 8‐item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS‐8).FindingsOverall adherence rates did not differ significantly between rural and urban adults with average adherence based on MMAS‐8 scores of 5.58 and 5.64, respectively (P = .253). Age, income, education, male sex, and white race/ethnicity were associated with higher adherence rates. While the overall adherence rates between urban and rural adults were not significantly different, the factors that influenced adherence varied between age‐specific population density groupings.ConclusionThese analyses suggest that there is no significant difference in adherence between rural and urban populations; however, the factors contributing to medication adherence may vary based on age and population density. Future adherence intervention methods should be designed with consideration for these individualized factors.
Attentional bias towards sleep‐related stimuli in insomnia disorder: a behavioural and ERP study
Authors: Zhou Ningning , Zhao Chuanwen , Yang Ting , Du Sha , Yu Meng , Shen Heyong 
Published: January 2018

SummaryMany studies have used behavioural experiments to show an attentional bias towards sleep‐related stimuli in people with insomnia disorder. A measurement of event‐related potential is needed to investigate the cognitive processing mechanism of the attentional process. The present study used the emotional Stroop paradigm and event‐related potentials to measure attentional bias towards sleep‐negative, sleep‐positive and sleep‐unrelated neutral words. The study comprised 16 participants with insomnia disorder and 15 participants who were good sleepers. Behavioural data indicated that there was a significant interference effect of sleep‐positive words between the insomnia group and the good sleepers, and a marginally significant interference effect from sleep‐negative words between groups. In the insomnia group, event‐related potential data showed that sleep‐negative words elicited higher amplitudes of P1 and N1 components than did sleep‐positive and sleep‐unrelated words. Our results provide evidence for the early cognitive processing of sleep‐negative stimuli, which suggests that the psychological treatment of insomnia could benefit from addressing early hypervigilance towards these stimuli.
A Cognitive Linguistics Application for Second Language Pedagogy: The English Preposition Tutor
Authors: Wong Man Ho Ivy , Zhao Helen , MacWhinney Brian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of teaching English prepositions using schematic diagrams inspired by cognitive linguistics in a computer‐based tutorial system called the English Preposition Tutor. Training was designed based on the theoretical framework of the Competition Model and a cognitive linguistic analysis of prepositions. Sixty‐four Cantonese‐speaking intermediate learners of English were trained using a sentence–picture matching task. They received one of the three types of feedback: schematic diagram feedback, metalinguistic rule feedback, or correctness feedback. Only the schematic diagram feedback group was exposed to chaining between spatial senses and nonspatial senses. Results showed that instruction was effective in all three feedback groups, as measured by a cloze test and a translation test. In the translation test, the group receiving schematic diagram feedback outperformed the correctness feedback group. The effects of the three feedback conditions were not significantly different in the cloze test.
A low muscle mass increases mortality in compensated cirrhotic patients with sepsis
Authors: Lucidi Cristina , Lattanzi Barbara , Di Gregorio Vincenza , Incicco Simone , D'Ambrosio Daria , Venditti Mario , Riggio Oliviero , Merli Manuela 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsSevere infections and muscle wasting are both associated to poor outcome in cirrhosis. A possible synergic effect of these two entities in cirrhotic patients has not been previously investigated. We aimed at analysing if a low muscle mass may deteriorate the outcome of cirrhotic patients with sepsis.MethodsConsecutive cirrhotic patients hospitalized for sepsis were enrolled in the study. Patients were classified for the severity of liver impairment (Child‐Pugh class) and for the presence of “low muscle mass” (mid‐arm muscle circumference<5th percentile). The development of complication during hospitalization and survival was analysed.ResultsThere were 74 consecutive cirrhotics with sepsis. Forty‐three of these patients showed low muscle mass. In patients with and without low muscle mass, severity of liver disease and characteristics of infections were similar. Mortality tended to be higher in patients with low muscle mass (47% vs 26%, P = .06). A multivariate analysis selected low muscle mass (P < .01, HR: 3.2, IC: 1.4‐4.8) and Child‐Pugh C (P < .01, HR: 3.3, 95% IC: 1.5‐4.9) as independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality. In Child‐Pugh A‐B patients, mortality was higher in patients with low muscle mass compared with those without (50% vs 16%; P = .01). The mortality rate and the incidence of complications in malnourished patients classified in Child‐Pugh A‐B were similar to those Child‐Pugh C.ConclusionsLow muscle mass worsen prognosis in cirrhotic patients with severe infections. This is particularly evident in patients with Child A‐B cirrhosis in whom the coexistence of low muscle mass and sepsis caused a negative impact on mortality similar to that observable in all Child C patients with sepsis.
Lower urinary tract dysfunction in pediatric patients after ureteroneocystostomy due to vesicoureteral reflux: Long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Horasanli Kaya , Bayar Göksel , Acinikli Huseyin , Kutsal Cemil , Kirecci Sinan L. , Dalkilic Ayhan 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate long‐term lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in pediatric patients who underwent ureteroneocystostomy due to vesicoureteral reflux.MethodsThe present retrospective study was performed on 61 patients. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (n = 26), did not have LUTD; Group 2 (n = 23), had LUTD; and Group 3 (n = 12), was not toilet trained preoperatively. Patients were reassessed regarding de novo LUTD or the persistence of LUTD at least 7 years after the ureteroneocystostomy.ResultsMean patient age was 7 years (range 1–15) when ureteroneocystostomy was performed and the surgery was associated with a 92% success rate. The mean follow‐up period was 10 years (range 7‐12 years). Postoperative LUTD was present in 6 (23%), 12 (52%), and 1 (8.3%) patients in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The presence of LUTD before surgery and bilateral repair in the same setting were predictive risk factors for the presence of LUTD during the long‐term follow‐up. LUTD occurred at higher rate in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3 (52% vs. 23% and 8.3%, respectively; P = .015). The presence of de novo LUTD was significant in Group 1 compared with the presence of preoperative and postoperative LUTD (P = .031, Wilcoxon analysis).ConclusionsLUTD may not resolve after a ureteroneocystostomy, and additional therapy could be necessary. Due to the probability of damage to the ureterovesical nerve and/or disturbed bladder dynamics, de novo LUTD may occur in patients with bilateral high‐grade reflux without LUTD before a ureteroneocystostomy.
Revised recommended methods for analyzing crater size‐frequency distributions
Authors: Robbins Stuart J. , Riggs Jamie D. , Weaver Brian P. , Bierhaus Edward B. , Chapman Clark R. , Kirchoff Michelle R. , Singer Kelsi N. , Gaddis Lisa R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractImpact crater populations help us to understand solar system dynamics, planetary surface histories, and surface modification processes. A single previous effort to standardize how crater data are displayed in graphs, tables, and archives was in a 1978 NASA report by the Crater Analysis Techniques Working Group, published in 1979 in Icarus. The report had a significant lasting effect, but later decades brought major advances in statistical and computer sciences while the crater field has remained fairly stagnant. In this new work, we revisit the fundamental techniques for displaying and analyzing crater population data and demonstrate better statistical methods that can be used. Specifically, we address (1) how crater size‐frequency distributions (SFDs) are constructed, (2) how error bars are assigned to SFDs, and (3) how SFDs are fit to power‐laws and other models. We show how the new methods yield results similar to those of previous techniques in that the SFDs have familiar shapes but better account for multiple sources of uncertainty. We also recommend graphic, display, and archiving methods that reflect computers’ capabilities and fulfill NASA's current requirements for Data Management Plans.
Overlap of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features with undifferentiated connective tissue disease and contribution of UIP to mortality
Authors: Kelly Bryan T. , Moua Teng 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveCriteria for interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) were recently established for research purposes in a joint statement from the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and American Thoracic Society (ATS). We reviewed the utility of these criteria in patients previously diagnosed as broadly defined undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) and noted overlapping IPAF findings. Additional review was given to IPAF patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) on histopathology or radiology in terms of survival and outcome.MethodsPatients with prior UCTD‐interstitial lung disease (ILD) were screened by ERS/ATS criteria for IPAF. Clinical data along with all‐cause mortality were collated and compared with selected idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients from the same study period. Survival was compared between IPAF subgroups with and without UIP features.ResultsOne hundred and one UCTD‐ILD subjects (91%) evaluated from 2005 to 2012 also met strict criteria for IPAF. Frequent clinical findings included Raynaud’s phenomenon, positive anti‐nuclear antibody (ANA) and non‐specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) pattern on chest computed tomography (CT). Nineteen had features of UIP either on histopathology or CT imaging. As compared with IPF, IPAF patients had overall better survival except in those with UIP features.ConclusionCurrent IPAF criteria encompassed the majority of broadly defined UCTD‐ILD and included those with UIP findings. Survival compared with IPF in those with UIP was similar. Further studies are necessary to refine IPAF definitions for clinical use and guide directed management strategies.
Asymptotic Approximations to the Nodes and Weights of Gauss–Hermite and Gauss–Laguerre Quadratures
Authors: Gil Amparo , Segura Javier , Temme Nico M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAsymptotic approximations to the zeros of Hermite and Laguerre polynomials are given, together with methods for obtaining the coefficients in the expansions. These approximations can be used as a stand‐alone method of computation of Gaussian quadratures for high enough degrees, with Gaussian weights computed from asymptotic approximations for the orthogonal polynomials. We provide numerical evidence showing that for degrees greater than 100, the asymptotic methods are enough for a double precision accuracy computation (15–16 digits) of the nodes and weights of the Gauss–Hermite and Gauss–Laguerre quadratures.
Discordant human T‐lymphotropic virus screening with Western blot confirmation: evaluation of the dual‐test algorithm for US blood donations
Authors: Stramer Susan L. , Townsend Rebecca L. , Foster Gregory A. , Johnson Ramona , Weixlmann Barbara , Dodd Roger Y. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUNDHuman T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV) blood donation screening has used a dual‐testing algorithm beginning with either a chemiluminescent immunoassay or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent screening assay (ELISA). Before the availability of a licensed HTLV supplemental assay, repeat‐reactive (RR) samples on a first assay (Assay 1) were retested with a second screening assay (Assay 2). Donors with RR results by Assay 2 were deferred from blood donation and further tested using an unlicensed supplemental test to confirm reactivity while nonreactive (NR) donors remained eligible for donation until RR on a subsequent donation. This “dual‐test” algorithm was replaced in May 2016 with the requirement that all RRs by Assay 1 be further tested by a licensed HTLV supplemental test (Western blot [WB]). In this study, we have requalified the dual‐test algorithm using the available licensed HTLV WB.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe tested 100 randomly selected HTLV RRs on screening Assay 1 (Abbott PRISM chemiluminescent immunoassay) but NR on screening Assay 2 (Avioq ELISA) by a Food and Drug Administration–licensed WB (MP Biomedicals) to ensure that no confirmed positives were among those that were RR by Assay 1 but NR by Assay 2.RESULTSOf the 100 samples evaluated, 79 of 100 were WB seronegative, 21 of 100 indeterminate, and 0 of 100 seropositive. Of the 79 of 100 seronegative specimens, 73 of 79 did not express any bands on WB.CONCLUSIONSWe demonstrated that none of the 100 samples RR on Assay 1 but NR on Assay 2 were confirmed positive. This algorithm prevents such donors from requiring further testing and from being deferred.