bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RAPD Analysis of Genetic Variation Within and Among Four Natural Populations of Betula maximowicziana
Authors: Tsuda Yoshiaki , Goto S. , Ide Y. 
Published: November 2017

Summary
Betula maximowicziana is a long-lived pioneer tree species in cool temperate forests that plays an important role in the forest ecosystem and has high economic value. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate the genetic variation of four natural populations of B. maximowicziana (three in central Honshu and the other in Hokkaido) to obtain fundamental information on this natural resource. Sixty-one reproductive amplified bands were obtained with 23 primers. Of these 61 bands, 22 were monomorphic and 39 were polymorphic. The level of genetic variation within each population may be very similar, because the population rankings according to number of polymorphic loci, Shannon’s indices and intra-population genetic variance revealed no definite patterns. Global analysis of AMOVA (analysis of molecular variance) showed that genetic variation among populations accounted for 15.6% of the total variation, with the remainder (84.4%) occurring within population. These results demonstrate that genetic differentiation among the four populations is moderate. Hierarchical AMOVA analysis showed that variation among regions (Hokkaido and central Honshu) accounted for 10.4% of the total genetic variation, suggesting that regional genetic differentiation is relatively high. Significant correlations between pairwise ΦPT values and geographic distance were detected, and results of both a neighbor-joining dendrogram based on pairwise ΦPT values, and principal coordinate analysis (PCO) based on a Euclidean metric revealed that the Furano population in Hokkaido was genetically different from the three populations in central Honshu. The data obtained in this study should have important implications for the conservation and management of regional genetic variation of B. maximowicziana.
Sexual Symmetry in Natural Populations of the Patagonian Cypress (Austrocedrus chilensis)
Authors: Pastorino M. J. , Gallo L. A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSexual symmetry, defined as equal allelic frequencies among reproduction effective gametes of both sexes, was analysed by means of 10 isozyme loci in three natural populations of Austrocedrus chilensis (dioecious and wind pollinated tree species). Haplotypes of effective gametes were inferred by analysing side-by-side both the embryo and the endosperm of seeds collected from 20 to 27 trees per population. The allelic frequencies of effective ovules and pollen were compared in each of the three populations. The hypothesis of sexual symmetry could only be rejected in case of one locus in two out of three analysed populations. That is, most of the loci surveyed turned out to be symmetric in the three sampled populations in spite of their contrasting environmental conditions. Therefore, sexual symmetry in A. chilensis seems to be mainly uninfluenced by the environment. On the other hand, all loci showed Hardy- Weinberg (HW) proportions in the three populations, even those that resulted asymmetric. HW structure is usually considered as enough evidence of panmixia, what implies sexual symmetry, and consequently this result gives an example of the low reliability of indirect methods of testing genetic processes, such as the classical HW test.
An assessment of family variation of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) of the Kolonowskie provenance from a reconstitution seed orchard
Authors: Fober H. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Variation in spring bud break dates and growth traits was studied among 183 half-sib families developed from Norway spruce grafts on a reconstitution seed orchard. The grafts were derived from maternal trees (ortets), which were selected on the IUFRO 1964/68 experimental plots in 11 countries. All maternal trees belong to the same provenance Kolonowskie, which should be reconstituted as a population by a seed orchard because its exact location was not documented, and thus seed of this provenance was not available. Analyses of variance of the data collected in the first six years of the experiment revealed a very high variation between families in general and between families within clones. Differences between the clones were observed in some traits (plant height after the first growing season, spring flushing in the sixth growing season), but differences between families within clones proved to be more significant. A positive correlation was found between bud break dates of grafts in the seed orchard and their generative progeny on the family experimental plot. The correlation was significant both at the family (graft) level (p = 0.01) and at the clonal level (p = 0.05). The substantial variation between open pollinated families from the reconstitution seed orchard cannot entirely be interpreted but it indicates a high selective potential of Norway spruce at the family level.
Genetic Analysis of Growth and Susceptibility to Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) in Eucalyptus by Interspecific Factorial Crossing
Authors: Gan S. , Li M. , Li F. , Wu K. , Wu J. , Bai J. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryFactorial mating crosses of Eucalyptus urophylla × E. tereticornis (3 x 5), E. urophylla × E. camaldulensis (3 x 3) and E. urophylla × E. exserta (3 x 3) were used for genetic analysis of growth traits and susceptibility to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). Genetic effects including female, male and female × male interaction were examined for height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) at age five as well as final bacterial wilt index (BWI) in both nursery inoculation and field assessment by five years of age. Female, male and female x male variances appeared to have a significant role in growth traits H and DBH though their magnitude varied for the factorials studied. For the trait BWI additive (male) and dominant (female x male) effects were both involved in the genetics of bacterial wilt susceptibility, and additive was the major. Estimates of narrow-sense heritability (h2) for H, DBH and BWI ranged from 0.11 ± 0.06 to 0.70 ± 0.09, varying with either trait or factorial. Growth traits (H and DBH) had low and non-significant phenotypic and genetic correlations with BWI in all the three factorials, ranging from -0.10 ± 0.08 to 0.17 ± 0.14 in coefficient of correlation. This indicates that it may be possible to select superior trees with both fast growth and high resistance to bacterial wilt in eucalypt hybrid populations in operational breeding programs.
Patterns of Pollen Flow and Genetic Differentiation Among Pollen Pools in Quercus salicina in a Warm Temperate Old–growth Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest
Authors: Nakanishi Atsushi , Tomaru N. , Yoshimaru H. , Kawahara T. , Manabe T. , Yamamoto S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Paternity analysis and analysis of molecular variance were used to determine patterns of pollen flow and genetic differentiation among pollen pools in Quercus salicina in an 11.56-ha plot in a temperate old-growth evergreen broad-leaved forest. The genotypes at seven microsatellite loci were determined for 111 adult trees and 276 seeds collected from under eight seed parents. The proportion of pollen flow from outside the plot (further than 100 m) was 52.2%, indicating that long-distance pollen flow occurred frequently in this species, as observed in other Quercus species. The pollen pools from inside and outside the plot differed genetically, and genetic structure was detected in the population of adult trees within the plot. Therefore, longdistance pollen flow from outside the plot may introduce new or low-frequent alleles, and increase genetic diversity in this population. However, the actual average distance of pollen flow within the plot was significantly shorter than the average potential distance, and negative exponential curves explained well the frequencies of matings as functions of the distance between parents, as found in other Quercus species. The genetic composition of pollen pools differed among the eight seed parents. The genetic differentiation of pollen pools between the seed parents showed significant positive correlation with the spatial distance between them, indicating that neighboring seed parents tend to accept similar pollen pools, probably because matings are frequently mediated by pollen transported over short distances
Clonal selection ofEucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulusfor productivity, adaptability, and stability, using SNP markers
Authors: Torres-Dini D. , Nunes A. C. P. , Aguiar A. , Nikichuk N. , Centurión C. , Cabrera M. , Moraes M. L. T. , Resende M. D. V. , Sebbenn A. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn Uruguay, reforestations withEucalyptussp. is of fundamental importance to supply paper, pulp, and wood production. This study investigates genetic, productivity, stability, and adaptability parameters in the selection ofEucalypts grandis x Eucalyptus globulusfull-sib hybrid clones. The study was conducted in a clonal test, repeated in two different soils types, in Rio Negro State, Uruguay. The population was characterized phenotypically for diameter at breast height (dbh) and genotyped for SNP markers (EuCHIP60K chip). Mean dbh was similar between sites and the genotype–environment interaction was simple. We found high genotype correlation in clone performance between environments (0.708), indicating the possibility of selecting the same clones for both study locations. Mean heritability between clones (0.724), coefficient of individual genetic variation (10.9 %), and relative variation (0.916), suggest the possibility of gains (estimated at 3.1 % for both sites together) by selecting clones with higher growth rates. A total of 15,196 SNPs were used to confirm parentage and test a genomic selection model for dbh. The predictive capacity was negative (-0.15) given the small population size (78 individuals). The most adaptable material among the tested study sites presented higher values for SNP heterozygosity. Thus, using molecular markers to identify clones responsive to environmental changes can act as a powerful tool inEucalyptusbreeding programs. The hybrid population showed greater adaptability thanE. globulusfor this region.
Genetic effects on heartwood color variation in Cryptomeria japonica
Authors: Miyamoto Naoko , Iizuka Kazuya , Nasu Jin’ya , Yamada Hiroo 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
To obtain fundamental and useful information regarding heartwood color traits in Japanese cedar, the validity of using L* index for expressing heartwood color and genetic and environmental influences on heartwood color were analyzed using 118 clones with 303 individuals aged approximately 30 years. As for three clones with typical reddish and blackish heartwood, relationships between heartwood color and moisture/potassium content, which were pointed out as ones of the causative agents of blackish heartwood, and the color change after approximately 20 years of conservation were investigated.
Based on the continuity, width range, and standard deviation of each index of L*a*b* data, L* was found out to be an appropriate index to express heartwood color in this species. L* values significantly differed between clones. A moderately high repeatability of clones was detected in L* value. Spatial autocorrelation analysis also showed a stronger effect genetically than environmentally. Moisture and potassium contents significantly differed between two groups of reddish and blackish heartwood. Therefore, the absorption and accumulation of water and potassium into trunk may be genetically regulated. As for the L* value of heartwood color after approximately 20 years of conservation, the difference between two groups was still significant, but the lightness in blackish heartwood increased such that the difference was greatly reduced.
The Quest to Solve Problems That Don’t Exist: Thought Artifacts in Contemporary Ontology
Authors: Kastrup Bernardo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractQuestions about the nature of reality and consciousness remain unresolved in philosophy today, but not for lack of hypotheses. Ontologies as varied as physicalism, microexperientialism and cosmopsychism enrich the philosophical menu. Each of these ontologies faces a seemingly fundamental problem: under physicalism, for instance, we have the ‘hard problem of consciousness,’ whereas under microexperientialism we have the ‘subject combination problem.’ I argue that these problems are thought artifacts, having no grounding in empirical reality. In a manner akin to semantic paradoxes, they exist only in the internal logico-conceptual structure of their respective ontologies.
Kennan and the Neglected Variable in Post-Socialist Societies: The Loss of Honest Dialogue and the Need for Empathy
Authors: Tešan Jesenko , Davison Joan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes the symbolism of George Kennan’s famous “X” article relative to the challenges of contemporary post-socialist and post-conflict transitions. It unpacks recent developments in the field of contemporary political discourse, discussing the critical application of practices such as thinking with your heart, parrhesis, and pathos, as well as Kennan’s suggestion of the significance of uncertainty and reflection for global relations. The central question is: What would Kennan write in an X Article to the societies and states in transition? While various definitions of the term “parrhesis” exist, this paper employs both the definition suggested by Michel Foucault who understood it as “fearless speech” and Eric Voegelin who closely follows Plato’s meaning linking it with “heart”, i.e. vision of the spiritual, an existential (dis)order of representatives of a society.
Die „Menschenuhr“ bei Jean Paul und Gogol’
Authors: Böhmig Michaela 
Published: November 2017

Summary
The paper focuses on the passage in Gogol’s short story Nevsky Prospekt in which he describes how representatives of the various social classes, ranks and professions promenade along the main boulevard of St. Petersburg at different times of the day. The paper shows how the Russian writer was not the first to recount this daily routine in minute detail, as the German writer Jean Paul had already done so in his novel Siebenkäs. Jean Paul identifies the inspiration for this phenomenon, which he calls the “Human Clock”, in the “Flower Clock” of Carl Linnaeus. An analysis of Jean Paul’s popularity in Russia in the first half of the 19th Century allows us to argue that Gogol, probably through the poet Vasily Zhukovsky, could have known about Jean Paul and maybe even about Linnaeus.
Gottfried Groddeck im Netz: Historische Konstellationen, Gelehrtennetzwerke und Wissenstransfer in Mittelosteuropa an der Schwelle vom 18. zum 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Bednarczuk Monika 
Published: November 2017

Summary
The classicist scholar Gottfried Ernst Groddeck (1762–1825) came into literary history thanks to his students, mainly Adam Mickiewicz. Although a gifted pupil of Christian Gottlieb Heyne, he gained only local fame; neither he nor any of his works was broadly known. Groddeck’s professional career, however, deserves careful attention, for it is a conspicuous example of increasing academic mobility in Central Europe at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries.
The paper looks at the biography and work of Groddeck from the network perspective in order to examine the various mechanisms characteristic of networks of savants. In the first part, an analysis of some structuring features of scientific networks is provided. In the second part, the author presents the different roles and spheres in which Groddeck acted, for between 1782 and 1786 he was a student of Heyne in Göttingen, then a librarian and private teacher at the Court of the Prince Czartoryski in Puławy, and eventually Professor for Greek and Latin Languages and Literature at the Imperial University of Vilnius (1803–1825).
In all these positions he stayed in contact with other men of letters in Göttingen, Berlin, Leipzig, Wien as well as in Puławy, Vilnius, Dorpat, Moscow and Paris. Among them, there were personal friends, employers as well as pen partners personally unknown to him. Groddeck’s correspondence enables us to reconstruct the various dimensions of the international and local networks in which he participated. What is at stake are rules regulating relations, obligations and hierarchies within both informal and more formalized scientific coalitions.
Klingers „Faust“ und der russische Leviathan: Der Roman und die Machtverhältnisse in Russland unter Katharina II.
Authors: Lagutina Irina 
Published: November 2017

Summary
The article suggests a hypothesis in the light of which an attempt is made to consider the novel of F. M. Klinger Faust’s Leben, Thaten und Hoellenfahrt (1791) as a representation of power relations in Russia under Catherine II. This novel illustrates the ideological position of Klinger, who for many years has observed with his own eyes cultural and political situation in Russia in the late 18th century, when Catherine II was praised as an enlightened reformer. However, the enlightened ideology of Catherine II was often a despotic autocracy in social life and “enslavement” in everyday life. To represent the space of ideological confrontation, Klinger used the “devilish” perspective from the Faust legend as a satirical technique. The fictive place of publication (“Petersburg”) on the front page of the Faust-novel initiates a chain of associations: “enlightened” Russia appears before the enlightened readers as an illusion, a “leviathanischer Schein” (a word, frequently used in the novel), an invention of European philosophers and travelers. Klinger combines religious and philosophical connotations of the figure of Leviathan, who acquires the features of Gregory Potemkin. Leviathan becomes therefore a symbol of the power relations under Catherine II and a satirical representation of the ideological “monstrosity” of the Russian Enlightenment.
Translation Universals of Discourse Markers in Russian-to-Chinese Academic Texts: A Corpus-based Approach
Authors: Jiang Zhanhao , Tao Yuan 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe existing research on translational universals (TUs) has so far been confined to limited language pairs such as English-German, English-French, Hungarian-English, Polish-English, English-Chinese, and Scandinavian languages with English being the focus. If the “translationese” or features of translational language that have been uncovered on the basis of translational English are to be generalized as translational universals, it is necessary that we should find proof or evidence from non-European languages or two typologically different languages such as Russian and Chinese. This paper, on the basis of self-compiled parallel Russian-Chinese corpora and comparable non-translational Chinese corpora of academic texts for humanities and social sciences, explores potential features of translational Chinese by taking translation of discourse markers (DMs) as an example. Through statistics and observation, this research concludes with four tentative translation universals: simplification, implicitation, strengthening and normalization among the translational Chinese of Russian DMs. Underlying reasons may lie in both typological differences between two languages and translators’ choice of either target texts (TT) convention or source texts (ST) convention.
Conspicuous negation. The grammaticali-zation of the locative-existentialhave
Authors: Szcześniak Konrad 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis study focuses on the grammaticalization of the Polish locative-existential construction featuring the negative use of the verbhave(nie ma‘doesn’t have’). The construction is compared to its analogs in other languages, where the possessive verb can appear in both affirmative and negative uses. It is proposed that the negative form of the construction is not a mere coincidental peculiarity, but is a characteristic shared with a number of other constructions, which suggests that negation plays a more significant role in the development of the locative-existential construction as well as other grammatical forms. It is argued that negation serves to make a developing construction more salient, thus contributing to its priming, repeated use, and entrenchment.
Falldynamiken und die Aushandlung von Kindeswohl im Kinderschutz
Authors: Wutzler Michael 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungKindeswohlist ein umkämpfter Begriff. In der Literatur zur Kinder- und Jugendhilfe zeigt sich, dass der Offenheit des Begriffs insbesondere mit den Versuchen begegnet wird, Kindeswohl (multi-)perspektiv, über bloße Konturen hinaus zu definieren und professionelle Verfahrensstandards zu erarbeiten. Andererseits wird die Kontingenz fallorientierter Praxis hervorgehoben. Jedoch wird kaum thematisiert, welche Bedeutung dieFalldynamikenund die praktischen Aushandlungen zwischen verschiedenen Akteure*innen in unterschiedlichen Arenen für die je konkrete Gestaltung von Kindeswohl besitzen. Der Artikel geht fallrekonstruktiv der vernachlässigten Frage nach, wie in Praktiken und Interaktionen nicht nur Konturen, sondern auch konkrete Ausformungen von Kindeswohl verhandelt werden. Zentral sind dabei die sich im Prozess des Aushandelns entfaltendenFalldynamiken. Aufgearbeitet werden dieFalldynamikenanhand von Aushandlungen zwischen familialen sowie professionellen Akteur*innen in einem Kinderschutzfall. Damit wird gezeigt, dass dieFalldynamikals eigenständige Strukturierungsebene der Kindeswohleinschätzung und der fallspezifischen Kooperation in Aushandlungen von Kindeswohl im Kinderschutz zu verstehen ist. Dies erweitert den Blick auf konkrete Fallverläufe und die Rekonstruktion von Konsequenzen spezifischer Praktiken im Kinderschutz, welche nicht allein aus den professionellen Ansprüchen, den institutionellen Gegebenheiten, dem professionellen Umgang mit Gefährdungslagen oder aus Macht- und Herrschaftsverhältnissen zu rekonstruieren sind.
Zur Messung der Präferenzen für nationale Sporterfolge bei Olympischen Sommerspielen
Authors: Rohkohl Finja , Flatau Jens 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es, die Präferenzen deutscher Bürger für die sportlichen Erfolge ihrer einheimischen Athleten und Mannschaften bei Olympischen Sommerspielen zu ermitteln. Hierzu wurde im Juli 2015 mit 159 Personen ein Discrete-Choice-Experiment durchgeführt. In 14 Entscheidungsszenarien standen jeweils zwei Alternativen des Konsums deutschen olympischen Sporterfolges zur Auswahl, die sich in folgenden vier Attributen unterschieden: Sportart, Gesamterfolg, Modus des Konsums und Zahlungsvehikel. Die multivariate Analyse ergab einen signifikanten Einfluss aller vier Attribute auf die Wahlentscheidung. U. a. würden die Befragten 1,26 € im Monat spenden, um olympische Erfolge live im Fernsehen oder Internet miterleben zu können.
Childhood adversities are not a predictors of SSTR4met in alcoholics
Authors: Berent Dominika , Pogórski Michał , Kulczycka-Wojdala Dominika , Kusideł Ewa , Macander Marian , Pawłowska Zofia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundGenome methylation may modulate synaptic plasticity, being a potential background for mental disorder. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), known to be frequently reported by patients with alcohol dependence (AD), have been proposed as one of environmental inequities influencing DNA methylation. The study is aiming 1.To assess a promoter region methylation in gene for somatostatin receptor subtype-4 (Resultspromoter region was found methylated in 21.6% patients with AD and 2.3% controls. None of following characteristics: current age, gender, term and kind of labor, 13 categories of childhood trauma, diet, alcohol drinking severity, age at alcohol drinking initiation, age at onset of problem drinking, cigarette smoking, andConclusionspromoter region methylation in here studied participants may be either inherited epigenetic modification or secondary, but not to here assessed variables.