bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect in honeycomb bilayer consisting of Au atoms and single-vacancy graphene
Authors: Han Yan , Wan Jian-Guo , Ge Gui-Xian , Song Feng-Qi , Wang Guang-Hou 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) is predicted to be realized at high temperature in a honeycomb bilayer consisting of Au atoms and single-vacancy graphene (Au2-SVG) based on the first-principles calculations. We demonstrate that the ferromagnetic state in the Au2-SVG can be maintained up to 380 K. The combination of spatial inversion symmetry and the strong SOC introduced by the Au atoms causes a topologically nontrivial band gap as large as 36 meV and a QAHE state with Chern number C = −2. The analysis of the binding energy proved that the honeycomb bilayer is stable and feasible to be fabricated in experiment. The QAHEs in Ta2-SVG and other TM2-SVGs are also discussed.
Factors influencing the use of topical repellents: implications for the effectiveness of malaria elimination strategies
Authors: Gryseels Charlotte , Uk Sambunny , Sluydts Vincent , Durnez Lies , Phoeuk Pisen , Suon Sokha , Set Srun , Heng Somony , Siv Sovannaroth , Gerrets René , Tho Sochantha , Coosemans Marc , Peeters Grietens Koen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn Cambodia, despite an impressive decline in prevalence over the last 10 years, malaria is still a public health problem in some parts of the country. This is partly due to vectors that bite early and outdoors reducing the effectiveness of measures such as Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets. Repellents have been suggested as an additional control measure in such settings. As part of a cluster-randomized trial on the effectiveness of topical repellents in controlling malaria infections at community level, a mixed-methods study assessed user rates and determinants of use. Repellents were made widely available and Picaridin repellent reduced 97% of mosquito bites. However, despite high acceptability, daily use was observed to be low (8%) and did not correspond to the reported use in surveys (around 70%). The levels of use aimed for by the trial were never reached as the population used it variably across place (forest, farms and villages) and time (seasons), or in alternative applications (spraying on insects, on bed nets, etc.). These findings show the key role of human behavior in the effectiveness of malaria preventive measures, questioning whether malaria in low endemic settings can be reduced substantially by introducing measures without researching and optimizing community involvement strategies.
Probing the gravitational Faraday rotation using quasar X-ray microlensing
Authors: Chen Bin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe effect of gravitational Faraday rotation was predicted in the 1950s, but there is currently no practical method for measuring this effect. Measuring this effect is important because it will provide new evidence for correctness of general relativity, in particular, in the strong field limit. We predict that the observed degree and angle of the X-ray polarization of a cosmologically distant quasar microlensed by the random star field in a foreground galaxy or cluster lens vary rapidly and concurrently with flux during caustic-crossing events using the first simulation of quasar X-ray microlensing polarization light curves. Therefore, it is possible to detect gravitational Faraday rotation by monitoring the X-ray polarization of gravitationally microlensed quasars. Detecting this effect will also confirm the strong gravity nature of quasar X-ray emission.
Trypanosoma cruzi P21: a potential novel target for chagasic cardiomyopathy therapy
Authors: Teixeira Thaise Lara , Machado Fabrício Castro , Alves da Silva Aline , Teixeira Samuel Cota , Borges Bruna Cristina , dos Santos Marlus Alves , Martins Flávia Alves , Brígido Paula Cristina , Rodrigues Adele Aud , Notário Ana Flávia Oliveira , Ferreira Bruno Antônio , Servato João Paulo Silva , Deconte Simone Ramos , Lopes Daiana Silva , Ávila Veridiana Melo Rodrigues , Araújo Fernanda de Assis , Tomiosso Tatiana Carla , Silva Marcelo José Barbosa , da Silva Claudio Vieira 
Published: November 2015

AbstractChagas disease, which is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important cause of cardiomyopathy in Latin America. It is estimated that 10%–30% of all infected individuals will acquire chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC). The etiology of CCC is multifactorial and involves parasite genotype, host genetic polymorphisms, immune response, signaling pathways and autoimmune progression. Herein we verified the impact of the recombinant form of P21 (rP21), a secreted T. cruzi protein involved in host cell invasion, on progression of inflammatory process in a polyester sponge-induced inflammation model. Results indicated that rP21 can recruit immune cells induce myeloperoxidase and IL-4 production and decrease blood vessels formation compared to controls in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, T. cruzi P21 may be a potential target for the development of P21 antagonist compounds to treat chagasic cardiomyopathy.
Brain-specific epigenetic markers of schizophrenia
Authors: Wockner L F , Morris C P , Noble E P , Lawford B R , Whitehall V L J , Young R M , Voisey J 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEpigenetics plays a crucial role in schizophrenia susceptibility. In a previous study, we identified over 4500 differentially methylated sites in prefrontal cortex (PFC) samples from schizophrenia patients. We believe this was the first genome-wide methylation study performed on human brain tissue using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 Bead Chip. To understand the biological significance of these results, we sought to identify a smaller number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of more functional relevance compared with individual differentially methylated sites. Since our schizophrenia whole genome methylation study was performed, another study analysing two separate data sets of post-mortem tissue in the PFC from schizophrenia patients has been published. We analysed all three data sets using the bumphunter function found in the Bioconductor package minfi to identify regions that are consistently differentially methylated across distinct cohorts. We identified seven regions that are consistently differentially methylated in schizophrenia, despite considerable heterogeneity in the methylation profiles of patients with schizophrenia. The regions were near CERS3, DPPA5, PRDM9, DDX43, REC8, LY6G5C and a region on chromosome 10. Of particular interest is PRDM9 which encodes a histone methyltransferase that is essential for meiotic recombination and is known to tag genes for epigenetic transcriptional activation. These seven DMRs are likely to be key epigenetic factors in the aetiology of schizophrenia and normal brain neurodevelopment.
Injection‐locked oscillator lock detector
Authors: Buchanan N.B. , Fusco V.F. 
Published: November 2015

A simple circuit that is able to indicate if an injection‐locked oscillator is in the locked condition by providing a ‘high’ or ‘low’ output is presented. The detector is compatible with most injection‐locked oscillators as all that is required is access to the low‐frequency bias circuit, with no direct access needed to the RF/microwave signals. To prove the universal nature of the lock detector it is successfully demonstrated practically for two scenarios: (i) a 1 GHz injection‐locked VCO and (ii) a 60 GHz SiGe VCO MMIC.
Climate and topography control the size and flux of sediment produced on steep mountain slopes
Authors: Riebe Clifford S. , Sklar Leonard S. , Lukens Claire E. , Shuster David L. 
Published: November 2015

SignificanceRivers carve through landscapes using sediment produced on hillslopes by biological, chemical, and physical weathering of underlying bedrock. Both the size and supply rate of sediment influence the pace of river incision and landscape evolution, but the connections remain poorly understood, because the size distributions of sediment supplied from slopes have been difficult to quantify. This study combined existing sediment-tracing techniques in a previously unidentified approach to quantify sediment production across an alpine catchment in the High Sierra, California. Results show that colder, steeper, and less vegetated slopes produce coarser sediment that erodes faster into the channel network. These results demonstrate that the sediment-tracing approach can be used to quantify feedbacks between climate, topography, and erosion.
Ammonite habitat revealed via isotopic composition and comparisons with co-occurring benthic and planktonic organisms
Authors: Sessa Jocelyn Anne , Larina Ekaterina , Knoll Katja , Garb Matthew , Cochran J. Kirk , Huber Brian T. , MacLeod Kenneth G. , Landman Neil H. 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Because ammonites are one of the most diverse, abundant, and well-preserved clades in the history of life, they are a mainstay in macroevolutionary and biodiversity studies; however, their ecologies are poorly understood, and it is unknown whether taxa lived near the sea surface or seafloor. This uncertainty undermines their use in paleoecological and paleoenvironmental reconstructions, which depend on knowledge of organisms’ depth preferences. Here, we use a rare co-occurrence of exquisitely well-preserved ammonites and planktonic and benthic organisms to constrain depth preferences of three common ammonite families by comparing the oxygen and carbon isotopic signatures of these taxa. The ammonites fall into two distinct depth habitats, enhancing the utility of these families for highly refined paleoecological and paleoclimatic studies.
A meningococcal vaccine antigen engineered to increase thermal stability and stabilize protective epitopes
Authors: Konar Monica , Pajon Rolando , Beernink Peter T. 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Factor H binding protein (FHbp) is a component of two vaccines recently licensed for prevention of sepsis and meningitis caused by meningococci. FHbp is antigenically variable, and certain sequence variants have low thermal stability. Two amino acid substitutions stabilized a less stable FHbp variant by 21 °C, and the high-resolution crystal structure of the stabilized FHbp antigen showed that the two new residues mediated multiple electrostatic interactions. The two substitutions increased the affinity for monoclonal antibodies specific for different regions of FHbp and increased binding to the mutant expressed on the surface of meningococci. The stabilized FHbp antigen has the potential to improve the immunogenicity of meningococcal vaccines containing recombinant FHbp or native outer membrane vesicles.
Upper atmospheric gravity wave details revealed in nightglow satellite imagery
Authors: Miller Steven D. , Straka William C. , Yue Jia , Smith Steven M. , Alexander M. Joan , Hoffmann Lars , Setvák Martin , Partain Philip T. 
Published: November 2015

Significance
As an unforeseen windfall of its high sensitivity, the Day/Night Band (DNB) low-light visible sensor carried on the Suomi satellite enables global detection of gravity waves in the upper atmosphere at unprecedented subkilometric detail. On moonless nights, the observations provide all-weather viewing of waves as they modulate the nightglow layer located near the mesopause. These waves are launched by a variety of mechanisms ranging from orography to convection, intensifying fronts, and seismic and volcanic events. Wave energy is recognized as the principal driver of upper atmospheric circulation, which in turn influences tropospheric weather patterns. For lack of global observations, information about upper atmospheric wave distribution and character is limited. Here, the DNB begins to fill a critical gap.
Resting-state functional connectivity predicts longitudinal change in autistic traits and adaptive functioning in autism
Authors: Plitt Mark , Barnes Kelly Anne , Wallace Gregory L. , Kenworthy Lauren , Martin Alex 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Few individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) go on to achieve high levels of independence or what are considered “very good” outcomes. As such, there is a need to identify predictors of outcomes to improve treatment and services for these individuals. Although behavioral and cognitive variables can predict substantial variance in outcomes, the majority of the variance remains unexplained. In this study, we investigated whether a measure of intrinsic functional brain connectivity [resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI)] could add meaningful predictive power. Indeed, we found that connectivity involving several brain networks previously implicated in ASD could predict improvements in adaptive behaviors several years after the scan with a high degree of sensitivity.
The structural kinetics of switch-1 and the neck linker explain the functions of kinesin-1 and Eg5
Authors: Muretta Joseph M. , Jun Yonggun , Gross Steven P. , Major Jennifer , Thomas David D. , Rosenfeld Steven S. 
Published: November 2015

Significance
The kinesins are molecular motors that couple ATP binding to movement. Although crystallographic and cryo-EM methods have identified the structural changes that occur in several kinesins, the images they generate are static pictures that provide no insight into how dynamic these conformations are or how they are coupled together to generate force. We have addressed this through a novel combination of time-resolved fluorescence and transient-state kinetics to measure the conformational equilibria between two key domains in two functionally distinct kinesins: kinesin-1 and Eg5. Our results are significant because they provide a unique insight into how conformational dynamics vary between two kinesins with different functions, and explain the distinct enzymologies these two kinesins have.
Relaxed genetic control of cortical organization in human brains compared with chimpanzees
Authors: Gómez-Robles Aida , Hopkins William D. , Schapiro Steven J. , Sherwood Chet C. 
Published: November 2015

SignificanceDespite decades of research, we still have a very incomplete understanding of what is special about the human brain compared with the brains of our closest fossil and living relatives. Parsing the genetic versus environmental factors that govern the structure of the cerebral cortex in humans and chimpanzees may shed light on the evolution of behavioral flexibility in the human lineage. We show that the morphology of the human cerebral cortex is substantially less genetically heritable than in chimpanzees and therefore is more responsive to molding by environmental influences. This anatomical property of increased plasticity, which is likely related to the human pattern of development, may underlie our species’ capacity for cultural evolution.
Mitochondrial functions modulate neuroendocrine, metabolic, inflammatory, and transcriptional responses to acute psychological stress
Authors: Picard Martin , McManus Meagan J. , Gray Jason D. , Nasca Carla , Moffat Cynthia , Kopinski Piotr K. , Seifert Erin L. , McEwen Bruce S. , Wallace Douglas C. 
Published: November 2015

Significance
In humans and animals, stress triggers multisystemic physiological responses that vary in nature and magnitude. The organism’s response to stress, rather than actual stressors, leads to allostatic load that predisposes to disease. This study in mice demonstrates that a specific cellular component that sustains life via energy transformation and intracellular signaling—the mitochondrion—influences the organism’s integrated response to psychological stress. Each component of the stress response assessed was modified by at least one mitochondrial defect. When analyzed collectively, stress-induced neuroendocrine, inflammatory, metabolic, and transcriptional responses coalesced into unique signatures that distinguish groups based on their mitochondrial genotype. This work shows that mitochondria can regulate complex whole-body physiological responses, impacting stress perception at the cellular and organismal levels.
Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 mediates estrogen rapid signaling and neuroprotection in the brain
Authors: Sareddy Gangadhara R. , Zhang Quanguang , Wang Ruimin , Scott Erin , Zou Yi , O'Connor Jason C. , Chen Yidong , Dong Yan , Vadlamudi Ratna K. , Brann Darrell 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Ever since the rapid extranuclear signaling effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) were first identified in the brain decades ago, it has remained an enigma as to how these nonclassical effects are achieved. Using a forebrain-specific knockout animal model, the current study demonstrates that a recently cloned estrogen receptor coregulator protein, Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1), is critical for mediating E2 regulation of rapid extranuclear signaling, as well as E2-induced neuroprotection and cognitive function in the hippocampus after ischemic injury. Our studies also identified PELP1 as a novel interacting protein and a substrate of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). Finally, PELP1 was also shown to mediate E2 genomic effects to regulate genes involved in inflammation, metabolism, and survival after ischemic injury.
Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences from two Denisovan individuals
Authors: Sawyer Susanna , Renaud Gabriel , Viola Bence , Hublin Jean-Jacques , Gansauge Marie-Theres , Shunkov Michael V. , Derevianko Anatoly P. , Prüfer Kay , Kelso Janet , Pääbo Svante 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Denisovans are a sister group of Neandertals that were identified on the basis of a nuclear genome sequence from a bone from Denisova Cave (Siberia). The only other Denisovan specimen described to date is a molar from the same site. We present here nuclear DNA sequences from this molar and a morphological description, as well as mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences from another molar from Denisova Cave, thus extending the number of Denisovan individuals known to three. The nuclear DNA sequence diversity among the Denisovans is higher than among Neandertals, but lower than among present-day humans. The mtDNA of one molar has accumulated fewer substitutions than the mtDNAs of the other two specimens, suggesting Denisovans were present in the region over several millennia.
Synthetic CRISPR RNA-Cas9–guided genome editing in human cells
Authors: Rahdar Meghdad , McMahon Moira A. , Prakash Thazha P. , Swayze Eric E. , Bennett C. Frank , Cleveland Don W. 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Genome editing with nucleases that recognize specific DNA sequences is a powerful technology for manipulating genomes. This is especially true for the Cas9 nuclease, the site specificity of which is determined by a bound RNA, called a CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Here we develop a chemically modified, 29-nucleotide synthetic CRISPR RNA (scrRNA) and show that it can functionally replace the natural crRNA, producing enhanced cleavage activity at a target DNA site with apparently reduced off-target cleavage. scrRNAs can be synthesized in a commercially feasible manner today and provide a platform for therapeutic applications.
Second Clement
Authors: Pratscher Wilhelm 
Published: November 2015

The text of 2 Clement (2 Clem) has only survived in three manuscripts. The oldest one, the Codex Alexandrinus (A), ends at 12.5, the complete Greek text can be found in the Codex Hierosolymitanus (H), which dates back to 1056 ce. The third version can be found in a Syrian translation from 1170 ce. In all three documents, 2 Clem has come down to us in connection with 1 Clem, although it is not a letter but a sermon, more precisely: it is a hortatory address. The whole text deals with parenesis. Chapters 1–3 are dominated by Christological argumentation, in chapters 4–18 the eschatological argumentation has priority. Chapters 19f are a secondary supplement, which probably served as an introduction to chapters 1–18, the original sermon. This can be concluded from linguistic and factual aspects. The author is unknown. He is definitely not the author of 1 Clem, which can be concluded from numerous linguistic differences as well as from different theological views. The assumed opponents are most probably to be found in the context of the emergent Gnosticism, but the author does not focus on a direct confrontation with these opponents. Possible places of origin are Rome, Corinth, Antioch, and Alexandria. In the recent research, Alexandria seems to gain more and more acceptance, based especially on the fact that the author is familiar with Egyptian traditions of his time. It is highly probable that the text was written around 150 ce, and 2 Clem shows that the author is acquainted with the traditions of the Old and New Testaments. Concerning Christian traditions, it can be assumed that he was familiar with the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, but there is no definite proof of this. In addition to texts, which can later be found in canonical documents, 2 Clem also makes use of apocryphal traditions or texts. The formation of the canon was not yet finished at this time. The basic aim of 2 Clem is parenesis. The focus is on the goal to organize life in Christian faith appropriately. Theological topics are oriented toward this goal. God is a creator and a savior. In his Christology, the author holds the opinion that Jesus is preexistent. It may strike us as remarkable that the author, who is traditionally seen as anti-Gnostic, does not estimate pneumatology as important to his audience. Newer publications (cf. Tuckett and Kelhoffer) oppose the view, that 2 Clement is anti-Gnostic. The connection between Christ and the church is expressed with the help of syzygies; and interestingly, in this connection the author pleads for the preexistence of the church. In his eschatology, the future version is predominant. Realized eschatological statements can be found only implicitly.