bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative metrics for assessment of chemical image quality and spatial resolution
Authors: Kertesz Vilmos , Cahill John F. , Van Berkel Gary J. 
Published: March 2016

RationaleCurrently objective/quantitative descriptions of the quality and spatial resolution of mass spectrometry derived chemical images are not standardized. Development of these standardized metrics is required to objectively describe the chemical imaging capabilities of existing and/or new mass spectrometry imaging technologies. Such metrics would allow unbiased judgment of intra‐laboratory advancement and/or inter‐laboratory comparison for these technologies if used together with standardized surfaces.MethodsTwo image metrics, viz., "chemical image contrast" (ChemIC) based on signal‐to‐noise related statistical measures on chemical image pixels and "corrected resolving power factor" (cRPF) constructed from statistical analysis of mass‐to‐charge chronograms across features of interest in an image, were developed. These metrics, quantifying chemical image quality and spatial resolution, respectively, were used to evaluate chemical images of a model photoresist patterned surface collected using a laser ablation/liquid vortex capture mass spectrometry imaging system under different instrument operational parameters.ResultsThe calculated ChemIC and cRPF metrics determined in an unbiased fashion the relative ranking of chemical image quality obtained with the laser ablation/liquid vortex capture mass spectrometry imaging system. These rankings were used to show that both chemical image contrast and spatial resolution deteriorated with increasing surface scan speed, increased lane spacing and decreasing size of surface features.ConclusionsChemIC and cRPF, respectively, were developed and successfully applied for the objective description of chemical image quality and spatial resolution of chemical images collected from model surfaces using a laser ablation/liquid vortex capture mass spectrometry imaging system. Published in 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A general modeling and analysis framework for software fault detection and correction process
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Duo , Wang Lujia , Hu Qingpei 
Published: March 2016

SummarySoftware reliability growth modeling plays an important role in software reliability evaluation. To incorporate more information and provide more accurate analysis, modeling software fault detection and correction processes has attracted widespread research attention recently. In modeling software correction processes, the assumption of fault correction time is relaxed from constant delay to random delay. However, stochastic distribution of fault correction time brings more difficulties in modeling and corresponding parameter estimation. In this paper, a framework of software reliability models containing both information from software fault detection process and correction process is studied. Different from previous extensions on software reliability growth modeling, the proposed approach is based on Markov model other than a nonhomogeneous Poisson process model. Also, parameter estimation is carried out with weighted least‐square estimation method, which emphasizes the influence of later data on the prediction. Two data sets from practical software development projects are applied with the proposed framework, which shows satisfactory performance with the results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the reliability of the design approach for FRC structures according tofibModel Code 2010: the case of elevated slabs
Authors: di Prisco Marco , Martinelli Paolo , Parmentier Benoit 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper focuses on the reliability of the design approach proposed in the fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 for estimating the ultimate capacity of fibre‐reinforced concrete (FRC) elevated slabs on the basis of different tests for material characterization. The fracture properties of the material are determined through three‐point bending tests on notched beams and through double edge wedge splitting (DEWS) tests carried out on cylinders cored in the full‐size test structure. As a case study, an FRC elevated flat slab 0.2 m thick is considered which consists of nine bays (panels) measuring 6 × 6 m (overall size 18.3 × 18.3 m) and is supported by 16 circular concrete columns. The ultimate bearing capacity of the slab determined experimentally is compared with the design value predicted by means of a procedure based on limit analysis following fib Model Code 2010. The results show that the method proposed in fib Model Code 2010 using the characteristic values and the classification is reliable. Even if the tests are affected by a significant standard deviation and the two experimental campaigns with three‐point bending tests give a significant difference between class ”5c“ and class ”3e“, the structural test results in a loadbearing capacity that is always larger than the predicted one, which considers a safety coefficient for the materialγF= 1.5.
Reinforced concrete thin‐wall dome after eighty years of operation in a marine climate environment
Authors: Godycki‐Ćwirko Tadeusz , Nagrodzka‐Godycka Krystyna , Wojdak Ryszard 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe paper presents a description of the construction elements of the Gdynia Seaport main hall dome. Firstly, it provides information about the technical condition of the dome's structure. Secondly, it examines the strength analysis of the thin‐walled reinforced concrete dome covering. Throughout the last 80 years the building has been exposed to an unfavourable marine climate. The analysis of the state of stress and deformations of several construction elements was carried out using a special model worked out with help of the FEM considering the combination of loads: deadweight, wind and snow, as well as the additional combination: deadweight and hurricane wind of velocity 200 km/h(55.5 m/s). The computed results of static quantities were also obtained according to F. Dischinger's method, which was used in design of the RC Gdynia Seaport dome in 1932. The computational analysis and the assessment of the technical state made it possible to make a decision concerning further safe operation of the building.To sum up, it can be concluded that the results obtained with the FEM analysis, together with the analysis of the technical state of the 80‐year‐old dome, made it possible to carry out an assessment of the factor of safety of the dome's reinforced concrete elements. That in turn made it possible to come to a decision on the possibility of its further operation without causing any major local damage. What is more, it confirmed that it was permissible to construct a new dome after the tearing‐down of the old one.
Range expansion and population growth of non‐native mountain goats in the Greater Yellowstone Area: Challenges for management
Authors: Flesch Elizabeth P. , Garrott Robert A. , White P. J. , Brimeyer Doug , Courtemanch Alyson B. , Cunningham Julie A. , Dewey Sarah R. , Fralick Gary L. , Loveless Karen , McWhirter Doug E. , Miyasaki Hollie , Pils Andrew , Sawaya Michael A. , Stewart Shawn T. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTPopulation growth and range expansion of nonnative species can potentially disrupt ecosystem function or add conservation value to an area, and evaluation of possible impacts can be a challenge for managers. Nonnative populations of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) are present in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) in the U.S. states of Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming because of historical introduction events, but their population trend and range have not been assessed across the area. We used 6,701 location records from 1947 to 2015 to map mountain goat distribution and evaluate, in a descriptive manner, range overlap with native bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). We analyzed 136 survey counts using the Exponential Growth State–Space model to estimate population trends and abundance. Mountain goats dispersed 50–85 km from introduction sites to occupy all mountain ranges in the northern GYA and 30–40 km to occupy new areas in the southern GYA. Mountain goat numbers increased in nearly all count units, with the strongest growth rates estimated in areas more recently colonized. Using moderate detection probability (0.70), we estimated approximately 2,355 mountain goats in the GYA. Although not tested in our analysis, the gradual range expansion and population growth rates were consistent with density‐dependent processes observed in other introduced large herbivores and demonstrate that mountain goats can successfully disperse over unsuitable locales to colonize new areas. Therefore, we expect mountain goat populations will continue to expand into unoccupied mountain ranges that contain significant numbers of bighorn sheep unless specific management actions are implemented to address their population growth. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Experiences of Being Heterozygous for Fabry Disease: a Qualitative Study
Authors: von der Lippe Charlotte , Frich Jan C. , Harris Anna , Solbrække Kari Nyheim 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLittle is known about the experiences of women with Fabry disease. The aim of this study was to explore women's experiences of being heterozygous for Fabry disease. We used an explorative qualitative study design and selected ten Norwegian women who were known heterozygous for Fabry disease to participate. We conducted in‐depth semi‐structured interviews and analyzed the interviews using inductive thematic analysis. We found that learning about one's heterozygous status may be devastating for some. However, for most of the participants, heterozygous status, as well as doctors’ acceptance of symptoms in women heterozygous for Fabry disease, provided an explanation and relief. Although many women did not consider themselves ill, they wished to be acknowledged as more than “just carriers.” The participants were grateful for enzyme replacement therapy, although it had its burdens regarding time, planning, and absences from school or work. Women with Fabry disease felt that the lack of knowledge among healthcare professionals about Fabry disease was frustrating and worrisome. These findings suggest that healthcare professionals should acknowledge the different ways women react to their diagnosis, and be aware of the personal costs of receiving treatment.
Friction behavior and wear protection ability of selected base lubricants
Authors: Zhang Xin Ai , Zhao Yuzhen , Ma Kai , Wang Qian 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper reports a comparative study on the tribological characteristics of base oils in four groups, synthetic esters, mineral oils, polymerized alpha olefins (PAOs), and poly alkylene glycols (PAGs), by means of viscosity, friction, and wear measurements. Friction coefficients for the lubricants in each group, measured with a pin-on-disk tribometer, are summarized in the form of Stribeck curves. Wear of the disk specimens due to rubbing in the interfaces lubricated with the tested oils is evaluated by surface topographic changes. The results indicate that for surfaces of similar roughness, viscosity has the predominant influences on the friction and wear-protection properties of these lubricants.
Ways to Commit Autoinfanticide
Authors: CARROLL JOHN W. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT:Is it possible for Suzy to travel back in time and kill her infant self? Vihvelin (1996) and Vranas (2009) hold that autoinfanticide is logically/metaphysically possible but physically impossible. Horacek (2005) believes that autoinfanticide has a nonzero chance of occurring and so is physically possible, but believes that autoinfanticide is metaphysically impossible. To sort out these issues, I describe six ways to commit autoinfanticide; for all six, there is a case to be made for their physical and metaphysical possibility.
Effects of sodium selenite on c-Jun N-terminal kinase signalling pathway induced by oxidative stress in human chondrocytes and c-Jun N-terminal kinase expression in patients with Kashin–Beck disease, an endemic osteoarthritis
Authors: Dai XiaoXia , Li YuanYuan , Zhang RongQiang , Kou Yan , Mo XiaoYan , Cao JunLing , Xiong YongMin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family and are activated by environmental stress. Se plays an important role in the biological pathways by forming selenoprotein. Selenoproteins have been shown to exhibit a variety of biological functions including antioxidant functions and maintaining cellular redox balance, and compromise of such important proteins would lead to oxidative stress and apoptosis. We examined the expression levels of JNK in Kashin–Beck disease (KBD) patients, tested the potential protective effects of sodium selenite on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis in human chondrocytes as well as its underlying mechanism in this study. We produced an oxidative damage model induced by tBHP in C28/I2 human chondrocytes to test the essential anti-apoptosis effects of Se in vitro. The results indicated that the expression level of phosphorylated JNK was significantly increased in KBD patients. Cell apoptosis was increased and molecule expressions of the JNK signalling pathway were activated in the tBHP-injured chondrocytes. Na2SeO3 protected against tBHP-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells by increasing cell viability, reducing reactive oxygen species generation, increasing Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and down-regulating the JNK pathway. These results demonstrate that apoptosis induced by tBHP in chondrocytes might be mediated via up-regulation of the JNK pathway; Na2SeO3 has an effect of anti-apoptosis by down-regulating the JNK signalling pathway.
Prosociality and religion: History and experimentation
Authors: Beit-Hallahmi Benjamin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNorenzayan et al. are praised for choosing to deal with significant questions in the understanding of religion. They are then criticized for refusing to define religion and for relying on problematic theoretical concepts. The authors discuss Abrahamic religions as the best-known prosocial religions, but the evidence shows that the case does not fit their conceptual framework. Finally, an extension of the authors’ ideas about the meaning of priming effects is proposed.
Projecting WEIRD features on ancient religions
Authors: Boyer Pascal , Baumard Nicolas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe proposed narrative relies on an anachronistic projection of current religions onto prehistorical and historical cultures that were not concerned with prosocial morality or with public statement of belief. Prosocial morality appeared in wealthier post-Axial environments. Public demonstrations of belief are possible and advantageous when religious diversity starts interacting with coalitional recruitment dynamics in large-scale societies, a typical feature of modern, so-called WEIRD societies.
Recognizing religion's dark side: Religious ritual increases antisociality and hinders self-control
Authors: Hobson Nicholas M. , Inzlicht Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe target article develops an account of religious prosociality that is driven by increases in self-control. We suggest this account is incomplete. Although religion might increase prosociality to the in-group, it decreases it to the much larger out-group. Rituals, for example, lead to out-group derogation. We also challenge the link between religion and improved self-control, offering evidence that religion hinders self-control.
Authoritarian and benevolent god representations and the two sides of prosociality
Authors: Johnson Kathryn A. , Cohen Adam B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Big Gods model focuses on belief in an authoritarian God as a psychological mechanism that inhibits antisocial behavior and facilitates the formation of tight, cohesive groups. Recent empirical evidence suggests, however, that belief in a benevolent God is more likely to inspire helping and inclusivity. Both kinds of beliefs are necessary to explain the development of large-scale societies.
Religion promotes a love for thy neighbour: But how big is the neighbourhood?
Authors: McKay Ryan , Whitehouse Harvey 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe termprosocialhas often been taken to meanniceorneighbourly, but many acts that further in-group interests are hostile and aggressive towards out-groups. According to Norenzayan et al., religion's ability to foster social cohesionwithinreligious groups has been a key factor in the human transition to complex societies. But what are the prospects for nonparochial “religious prosociality”?
Clarity and causality needed in claims about Big Gods
Authors: Watts Joseph , Bulbulia Joseph , Gray Russell D. , Atkinson Quentin D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe welcome Norenzayan et al.’s claim that the prosocial effects of beliefs in supernatural agents extend beyond Big Gods. To date, however, supporting evidence has focused on the Abrahamic Big God, making generalisations difficult. We discuss a recent study that highlights the need for clarity about the causal path by which supernatural beliefs affect the evolution of big societies.
Plan generosity in health insurance exchanges: what the Affordable Care Act can teach us about top-down versus bottom-up policy implementation
Authors: Yarbrough Courtney R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe landmark United States healthcare reform law – the Affordable Care Act – provides an opportunity to study the dynamics of implementation for complex, politically contentious policies. Matland’s Ambiguity-Conflict Model suggests that bottom-up models will dominate in such cases. I exploit variation across states in the implementation of online health insurance marketplaces to test whether the federal- (top-down) or state-managed (bottom-up) implementation model produced better outcomes. Specifically, the study examines if state, federal or partnership exchanges were most effective at offering generous plans for consumers based on premiums, deductibles and copayments in 2014, the first year of operation. The results unambiguously indicate that state exchanges were most successful. The findings provide evidence for what Matland suspected – that bottom-up models, by providing more discretion to local implementers to adapt to contexts and build coalitions, are superior for high-conflict, high-ambiguity policies.
Drug therapy in the prevention of failure of the Fontan circulation: a systematic review
Authors: Oldenburger Nathalie J. , Mank Arenda , Etnel Jonathan , Takkenberg Johanna J. M. , Helbing Willem A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe Fontan circulation is the optimal treatment for patients with univentricular hearts. These patients are at high risk of circulatory failure. There is no consensus on the optimal drug treatment for the prevention of failure of the Fontan circulation. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of evidence for drug therapy used in the prevention of Fontan circulatory failure.MethodsWe searched the Embase database for articles that reported drug therapy in Fontan patients. Studies published between 1997 and 2014 were included if efficacy or safety of medication was assessed, drug therapy aimed to prevent or treat failure of the Fontan circulation, and if the full text was available. Case reports were excluded.ResultsA total of nine studies were included with a total of 267 Fontan patients; four studies evaluated the medication sildenafil, one iloprost, three bosentan, and one enalapril. Among all, two sildenafil studies reported improvement in exercise capacity, one in exercise haemodynamics, and one in ventricular performance. In the largest study of bosentan, an increase in exercise capacity was found. Enalapril did not result in improvements.ConclusionThe studies analysed in this review suggest that bosentan, sildenafil, and iloprost may improve exercise capacity at the short term. Given the limitations of the studies, more, larger, placebo-controlled studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to better understand which drug therapies are effective in the prevention of failure of the Fontan circulation.
Analysis of Ferrous on Ten-Eleven Translocation Activity and Epigenetic Modifications of Early Mouse Embryos by Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Zhao Ming-Hui , Liang Shuang , Guo Jing , Choi Jeong-Woo , Kim Nam-Hyung , Lu Wen-Fa , Cui Xiang-Shun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIron is an essential trace element that plays important roles in the cellular function of all organs and systems. However, the function of Fe(II) in mammalian embryo development is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Fe(II) during preimplantation embryo development. Depletion of Fe(II) using thiosemicarbazone-24 (TSC24), a specific Fe(II) chelator, rescued quenching of the Fe(II)-sensitive fluorophore phen green-SK. Afterin vitrofertilization, TSC24 significantly reduced the cleavage rate as well as blastocyst formation. The hatch rate of blastocysts was also reduced with 1 pM TSC24 treatment (20.25±1.86 versus 42.28±12.96%,p<0.05). Blastocysts were cultured in leukemia inhibitory factor-free mouse embryonic stem cell culture medium with or without TSC24, and those with depleted Fe(II) displayed delayed attachment and lost the ability to induce embryoid body formation. To further explore the mechanism of Fe(II) in embryo development, we assessed the expression of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and OCT4 in the pronuclear and blastocyst stages, respectively. We observed that Fe(II) reduced 5hmC and OCT4 expression, which could be explained by low ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzyme activity induced by TSC24 treatment. These findings demonstrate that Fe(II) is required for mammalian embryo development and that it facilitates the process via regulation of TET activity.
Solving stable matching problems using answer set programming
Authors: DE CLERCQ SOFIE , SCHOCKAERT STEVEN , DE COCK MARTINE , NOWE ANN 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSince the introduction of the stable marriage problem (SMP) by Gale and Shapley (1962), several variants and extensions have been investigated. While this variety is useful to widen the application potential, each variant requires a new algorithm for finding the stable matchings. To address this issue, we propose an encoding of the SMP using answer set programming (ASP), which can straightforwardly be adapted and extended to suit the needs of specific applications. The use of ASP also means that we can take advantage of highly efficient off-the-shelf solvers. To illustrate the flexibility of our approach, we show how our ASP encoding naturally allows us to select optimal stable matchings, i.e. matchings that are optimal according to some user-specified criterion. To the best of our knowledge, our encoding offers the first exact implementation to find sex-equal, minimum regret, egalitarian or maximum cardinality stable matchings for SMP instances in which individuals may designate unacceptable partners and ties between preferences are allowed.
An event calculus production rule system for reasoning in dynamic and uncertain domains
Authors: PATKOS THEODORE , PLEXOUSAKIS DIMITRIS , CHIBANI ABDELGHANI , AMIRAT YACINE 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAction languages have emerged as an important field of knowledge representation for reasoning about change and causality in dynamic domains. This paper presents Cerbere, a production system designed to perform online causal, temporal and epistemic reasoning based on the Event Calculus. The framework implements the declarative semantics of the underlying logic theories in a forward-chaining rule-based reasoning system, coupling the high expressiveness of its formalisms with the efficiency of rule-based systems. To illustrate its applicability, we present both the modeling of benchmark problems in the field, as well as its utilization in the challenging domain of smart spaces. A hybrid framework that combines logic-based with probabilistic reasoning has been developed, that aims to accommodate activity recognition and monitoring tasks in smart spaces.