bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Chronic Diseases and Multimorbidity on Health and Health Care Costs: The Additional Role of Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: van der Zee‐Neuen Antje , Putrik Polina , Ramiro Sofia , Keszei Andras , de Bie Rob , Chorus Astrid , Boonen Annelies 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveChronic diseases are increasingly prevalent and often occur as multimorbidity. This study compares the impact of musculoskeletal disorders (MSKDs) on health and health care costs with other chronic diseases, and assesses the additional impact of MSKDs on these outcomes when occurring as part of multimorbidity.MethodsA household survey in a random Dutch population sample (n = 8,904) yielded information on sociodemographics, presence of 9 physician‐confirmed chronic diseases (i.e., musculoskeletal, migraine, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, cancer, respiratory, skin, mental, and gastrointestinal), physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores of the Short Form 12 health survey, and health care utilization. The independent influence of different diseases and the role of MSKDs with increasing number of morbidities on PCS/MCS and 3‐month societal health care costs were explored through multivariable linear and zero‐inflated negative binomial regressions, respectively.ResultsTwenty percent of all subjects and 56% of those with multimorbidity had an MSKD. MSKDs had the largest impact on PCS (β = −8.37 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −8.84, −7.89]) but no significant impact on MCS. When MSKDs occurred as part of multimorbidity, an amplification of the adverse effect on PCS but not on MCS was seen, irrespective of the number of comorbidities. MSKDs were responsible for a 2‐fold increase in costs (Exp [β] = 2.27 [95% CI 2.08, 2.51]), which was the second highest cost increase of all diseases (after cancer). Significant amplification of costs was seen when MSKDs co‐occurred with mental diseases.ConclusionMSKDs often co‐occur with other chronic diseases. In the context of multimorbidity, presence of an MSKD amplifies the impact on physical health, and to a lesser extent on health care costs, but not on mental health.
Increased Risk of Dementia in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Nationwide Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Yu‐Ru , Chou Lin‐Chuan , Chen Hung‐Chou , Liou Tsan‐Hon , Huang Shih‐Wei , Lin Hui‐Wen 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by varied clinical symptoms and can be comorbid with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the association between SLE and dementia risk in patients with SLE remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of dementia in patients with SLE.MethodsPatients were recruited from a nationwide cohort in 2004–2008 and categorized as SLE (n = 1,074; patients diagnosed with SLE) or non‐SLE (n = 5,370; age‐ and sex‐matched controls). Each patient was followed for up to 7 years, until either receiving a diagnosis of dementia or until December 31, 2010. Data were analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression analysis.ResultsThe incidence rate of dementia was higher in the SLE cohort (357 per 100,000 person‐years) than in the non‐SLE cohort (180 per 100,000 person‐years). Patients with SLE had a higher risk of dementia than did those without SLE (crude hazard ratio [HR] 1.92; P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis revealed an adjusted HR for dementia in the SLE cohort of 2.14 (P < 0.001), after adjustment for other comorbid diseases and variables.ConclusionPatients with SLE have a higher risk of dementia.
Physical Activity Interventions for Increasing Objectively Measured Physical Activity Levels in Patients With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Oliveira Crystian B. , Franco Marcia R. , Maher Christopher G. , Christine Lin Chung‐Wei , Morelhão Priscila K. , Araújo Amanda C. , Negrão Filho Ruben F. , Pinto Rafael Z. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate whether physical activity interventions increase objectively measured physical activity levels of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (e.g., osteoarthritis, low back pain) compared to no/minimal intervention.MethodsWe performed a systematic review with meta‐analysis searching the Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SportDiscus, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases, and the main clinical trials registries. Quasirandomized or randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of physical activity interventions on objectively measured physical activity levels (e.g., using accelerometers or pedometers) of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain compared with no/minimal intervention were considered eligible. Analyses were conducted separately for short‐term (≤3 months), intermediate (>3 months and <12 months), and long‐term (≥12 months) followups. Pooled effects were calculated using the standardized mean difference (SMD), and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used in summary conclusions.ResultsEight published trials and 6 registered trials were included. For the short‐term followup, pooling of 6 trials showed no significant effect (SMD 0.34, 95% confidence interval −0.09, 0.77) between a physical activity intervention and no/minimal intervention. Similarly nonsignificant results were found for the intermediate and long‐term followups. The overall evidence according to the GRADE approach was classified as low quality.ConclusionOur findings suggest that physical activity–based interventions may lead to little or no difference in objectively measured physical activity levels of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain compared with no/minimal interventions. Given the number of registered trials, the pooled effect found in this review is likely to change once the results of these trials become available.
Influence of Education on Disease Activity and Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Data From the 1000 Canadian Faces of Lupus
Authors: George Angela , Wong‐Pak Andrew , Peschken Christine A. , Silverman Earl , Pineau Christian , Smith C. Douglas , Arbillaga Hector , Zummer Michel , Bernatsky Sasha , Hudson Marie , Hitchon Carol , Fortin Paul R. , Nevskaya Tatiana , Pope Janet E. ,   on behalf of the 1000 Canadian Faces of Lupus Investigators
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether socioeconomic status assessed by education is associated with disease activity and the risk of organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsData from the 1000 Canadian Faces of Lupus, a multicenter database of adult SLE patients, was used to compare education as either low (did not complete high school) or high (completed high school or further) for disease activity and damage. Education was also studied as a continuous variable. The relationships between education and SLE outcomes (any organ damage defined as a Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index [SDI] score ≥1, serious organ damage [SDI score ≥3], and end‐stage renal disease) were evaluated using logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disease duration.ResultsA total of 562 SLE patients met inclusion criteria (mean age 47 years, 91% female, and mean disease duration of 10 years); 81% had high education. The low education group was twice as likely to be work disabled (30%; P < 0.0001); they had higher disease activity and reduced renal function. Linear regression analysis revealed that low education was significantly associated with higher disease activity at enrollment into the 1000 Canadian Faces of Lupus database, after adjustment for age (at entry and at diagnosis), race/ethnicity, and sex (B 1.255 + 0.507 [SE], β = 0.115, P = 0.014). In our adjusted logistic regression models we were unable to demonstrate significant associations between education and SLE damage. Results did not change when varying the education variable.ConclusionIn this cohort, low education was associated cross‐sectionally with higher disease activity and work disability, but not damage.
Heart Disease, Hypertension, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, and Preeclampsia/Eclampsia in Mothers With Juvenile Arthritis: A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Feldman Debbie E. , Vinet Évelyne , Bérard Anick , Duffy Ciarán , Hazel Beth , Meshefedjian Garbis , Sylvestre Marie‐Pierre , Bernatsky Sasha 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether women with a history of juvenile arthritis are at higher risk for heart disease and hypertension and for developing adverse maternal outcomes: gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal hypertension, and preeclampsia/eclampsia.MethodsWe designed a nested case–control study from a cohort of first‐time mothers with prior physician billing codes suggesting juvenile arthritis, and a matched comparison group without juvenile arthritis. For the nested case–control design, we selected 3 controls for each case for the outcomes of heart disease (n = 403), prepregnancy hypertension (n = 66), gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 285), maternal hypertension (n = 561), and preeclampsia/eclampsia (n = 236). We used conditional logistic regression, adjusting for maternal age and education.ResultsHaving juvenile arthritis was associated with heart disease (odds ratio [OR] 2.44 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.15–5.15]) but not with gestational hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or preeclampsia/eclampsia. All 66 cases of prepregnancy hypertension had juvenile arthritis. Having prepregnancy hypertension was strongly associated with preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR 8.05 [95% CI 2.69–24.07]).ConclusionWomen with a history of juvenile arthritis had a higher risk of heart disease. This risk signals the potential importance of cardiac prevention strategies in juvenile arthritis. As this was a retrospective study, it was not possible to correct for some relevant potential confounders. Further studies should assess the impact of medications, disease severity, and other factors (e.g., obesity) on cardiac outcomes in juvenile arthritis.
Denken wie ein Chemiker: Thermoelektrika intuitiv
Authors: Zeier Wolfgang G. , Zevalkink Alex , Gibbs Zachary M. , Hautier Geoffroy , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Snyder G. Jeffrey 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEffiziente thermoelektrische Materialien werden durch ein Zusammenspiel von stark voneinander abhängenden Transporteigenschaften erreicht. Um diese wissentlich zu beeinflussen, wird ein tieferes Verständnis der Chemie und Physik in Festkörpern benötigt. Auf der Grundlage von Molekülorbitaldiagrammen, der “Tight‐Binding”‐Methode und dem klassischem Verständnis von Bindungsstärken betrachten wir das gezielte Design thermoelektrischer Materialien. Hierbei werden Parameter wie Elektronegativität, Bandbreite, Orbitalüberlappung sowie Bindungsenergie und ‐länge herangezogen, um Trends der elektronischen Eigenschaften wie Größe und Temperaturabhängigkeit von Bandlücken, effektive Masse der Ladungsträger sowie Bandentartung und Bandkonvergenz zu erklären. Gitterwärmeleitfähigkeiten werden in Bezug auf die Kristallstruktur und Bindungsstärke behandelt, um den Einfluss von Bindungslängen zu verdeutlichen. Wir zeigen, wie Symmetrie und Stärke von Bindungen den Transport von Elektronen und Phononen beeinflussen und wie gezielte Strategien zu Veränderungen und zur Verbesserung thermoelektrischer Effizienz führen können.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Nucleophilic Alkynylation of Allyl Fluorides Affording Chiral Skipped Ene‐ynes
Authors: Okusu Satoshi , Okazaki Hiroki , Tokunaga Etsuko , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Shibata Norio 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAsymmetric methods for preparation of chiral alkynyl‐containing compounds are in extremely high demand in many sectors of chemical research. In this work, we report the discovery of a general organocatalytic enantioselective alkynylation based on the idea of Si/F activation of the allylic C−F bond. This approach features reasonably broad substrate scope, functional group tolerance, and relatively neutral, mild, and operationally convenient reaction conditions; all of which bode well for the synthetic value of the discovered method. In particular, this method provides unique chiral skipped 1,4‐ene‐ynes having two kinds of versatile functional groups.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Cyclotrimerization and Dimerization of Allenes with Alkynes
Authors: Sakashita Kazuki , Shibata Yu , Tanaka Ken 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIt has been established that a cationic rhodium(I)/binap complex catalyzes the cross‐cyclotrimerization of two molecules of a monosubstituted allene with one molecule of a functionalized alkyne to give 3,6‐dialkylidenecyclohex‐1‐enes. In contrast, the reactions involving di‐ or trisubstituted allenes and/or unfunctionalized alkynes afforded cross‐dimerization products, substituted dendralenes, through β‐hydrogen elimination from the corresponding rhodacycles.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkynes
Authors: Li Zhaodong , García‐Domínguez Andrés , Nevado Cristina 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA nickel‐catalyzed three‐component reaction involving terminal alkynes, boronic acids, and alkyl halides is presented herein. Trisubstituted alkenes can be obtained in a highly regio‐ and stereocontrolled manner by the simultaneous addition of both aryl and alkyl groups across the triple bond in a radical‐mediated process. The reaction, devoid of air‐ and moisture‐sensitive organometallic reagents and catalysts, is operationally simple and offers a broad scope and functional‐group tolerance.
The Effect of Varying Jaw‐elevator Muscle Forces on a Finite Element Model of a Human Cranium
Authors: Toro‐Ibacache Viviana , O'Higgins Paul 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTFinite element analyses simulating masticatory system loading are increasingly undertaken in primates, hominin fossils and modern humans. Simplifications of models and loadcases are often required given the limits of data and technology. One such area of uncertainty concerns the forces applied to cranial models and their sensitivity to variations in these forces. We assessed the effect of varying force magnitudes among jaw‐elevator muscles applied to a finite element model of a human cranium. The model was loaded to simulate incisor and molar bites using different combinations of muscle forces. Symmetric, asymmetric, homogeneous, and heterogeneous muscle activations were simulated by scaling maximal forces. The effects were compared with respect to strain distribution (i.e., modes of deformation) and magnitudes; bite forces and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) reaction forces. Predicted modes of deformation, strain magnitudes and bite forces were directly proportional to total applied muscle force and relatively insensitive to the degree of heterogeneity of muscle activation. However, TMJ reaction forces and mandibular fossa strains decrease and increase on the balancing and working sides according to the degree of asymmetry of loading. These results indicate that when modes, rather than magnitudes, of facial deformation are of interest, errors in applied muscle forces have limited effects. However the degree of asymmetric loading does impact on TMJ reaction forces and mandibular fossa strains. These findings are of particular interest in relation to studies of skeletal and fossil material, where muscle data are not available and estimation of muscle forces from skeletal proxies is prone to error. Anat Rec, 299:828–839, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histomorphometric comparison of the human, swine, and ovine collecting systems
Authors: Simões Michele , de Souza Diogo B. , Gallo Carla B. M. , Pereira‐Sampaio Marco A. , Costa Waldemar S. , Sampaio Francisco J. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe ovine kidney has been recently determined to be a better model than the swine kidney for the study of collecting system healing after partial nephrectomy. However, there is no histological study comparing the collecting systems of these species. To compare human, swine, and ovine collecting systems using histomorphometry. The collecting systems of 10 kidneys from each species (human, swine, and ovine) were processed for histomorphometry. The thickness of the three layers (mucosal connective tissue, submucosal muscular, and adventitial connective tissue) were measured. The densities of smooth muscle fibers, elastic system fibers, and cells were also measured. Additionally, blood vessel density in the adventitial connective tissue was measured. Analysis of the collecting systems from the three species presented several differences. The adventitial connective tissue from the swine samples was thicker, with more blood vessels and smooth muscle fibers, compared with that from the human and ovine samples. Swine also had higher density of elastic fibers on the submucosal muscular layer. Ovine and human collecting systems shared several similar features, such as blood vessel and elastic fiber density in all layers and the density of cellular and muscular fibers in the submucosal muscular and adventitial connective tissue layers. The collecting system of the ovine kidney is more similar to that of the human kidney compared with that of the swine kidney. This may explain the differences between the healing mechanisms in swine and those in humans and sheep after partial nephrectomy. Anat Rec, 299:967–972, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Granulation Tissue Eroding the Subchondral Bone Also Promotes New Bone Formation in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Bleil Janine , Maier Rene , Hempfing Axel , Sieper Joachim , Appel Heiner , Syrbe Uta 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveWe previously suggested that fibroblast‐rich granulation tissue eroding the subchondral bone is instrumental in the joint remodeling that occurs in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The purpose of this study was to determine if this granulation tissue also carries bone‐forming capabilities, which we approached by searching for bone‐forming cells (hypertrophic chondrocytes, osteoblasts) in its vicinity. We also assessed adipogenic tissue transformation, which has been suggested to be an intermediate feature in AS bone formation based on imaging studies.MethodsThe facet joints of AS patients, osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and autopsy subjects (controls) were screened for subchondral granulation tissue. We searched for hypertrophic chondrocytes by assessing RUNX‐2, type X collagen, and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) expression, for osteoblasts by analyzing RUNX‐2, CD56, and type I collagen expression, as well as for signs of new bone formation. Adipocytes and lipid accumulation were assessed in Safranin O–stained sections.ResultsIn the joints of AS and OA patients, RUNX‐2–positive cells were found to be lining the granulation tissue. These cells coexpressed type I collagen but lacked type X collagen and MMP‐13 expression, confirming their osteoblastic nature. In 91% of AS joints and in 20% of OA joints (P < 0.05), we observed foci of new bone formation at contact zones between the granulation tissue and the cartilage. Joints containing bony spots showed greater replacement of the adjacent bone marrow by granulation tissue than did joints without bone formation (P < 0.05). The granulation tissue often contained adipocytes and lipid accumulations. Replacement of the subchondral bone marrow by fat tissue was also frequently found but was not associated with new bone formation.ConclusionThe subchondral granulation tissue carries osteoblasts, which promote new bone formation, leading to intraarticular ankylosis of the facet joints in AS.
Trabecular Bone Score in Patients With Chronic Glucocorticoid Therapy–Induced Osteoporosis Treated With Alendronate or Teriparatide
Authors: Saag Kenneth G. , Agnusdei Donato , Hans Didier , Kohlmeier Lynn A. , Krohn Kelly D. , Leib Edward S. , MacLaughlin Edmund J. , Alam Jahangir , Simonelli Christine , Taylor Kathleen A. , Marcus Robert 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of alendronate (ALN) and teriparatide on trabecular bone score (TBS) in patients with glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis.MethodsPatients with chronic glucocorticoid therapy–induced osteoporosis (median 7.5 mg/day prednisone equivalent for ≥90 days) were randomized to receive oral ALN 10 mg/day (n = 214) or subcutaneous teriparatide 20 μg/day (n = 214) for 36 months; 118 patients in the ALN group and 123 patients in the teriparatide group completed treatment. Dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) results for 53 patients receiving ALN and 56 patients receiving teriparatide who had DXA scans with adequate resolution to perform TBS analysis and completed 36 months of therapy were blindly analyzed for TBS at baseline and 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months.ResultsIn teriparatide‐treated patients, TBS was significantly increased at 18 months compared to baseline, and by 36 months had increased 3.7% (P < 0.05). In ALN‐treated patients, there was not a significant change in TBS compared to baseline at any time point. Changes in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DXA in the subgroup with TBS data were similar to BMD results in the overall study population. At 36 months, increases in lumbar spine BMD were 5.5% and 10.3% in patients treated with ALN and teriparatide, respectively.ConclusionIn patients with glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis, both ALN and teriparatide increased lumbar spine BMD. However, trabecular bone score significantly increased with teriparatide but did not significantly change with ALN. The pathogenesis of glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis is predominantly reduced bone formation. TBS may represent a sensitive measure to discriminate treatment effects of an anabolic versus an antiresorptive drug in glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis.
Enhanced secretion of recombinant proteins via signal recognition particle (SRP)‐dependent secretion pathway by deletion of rrsE in Escherichia coli
Authors: Lee Yong Jae , Lee Roojin , Lee Se Hwa , Yim Sung Sun , Jeong Ki Jun 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTAlthough signal recognition particle (SRP)‐dependent secretion pathway, which is characterized by co‐translational translocation, helps prevent cytoplasmic aggregation of proteins before secretion, its limited capacity for the protein secretion is a major hurdle for utilizing the pathway as an attractive route for secretory production of recombinant proteins. Therefore, we developed an Escherichia coli mutant, whose efficiency of secretion via the SRP pathway was dramatically increased. First, we developed a novel FACS‐based screening system by combining a periplasmic display system (PECS) and direct fluorescent labeling with the organoarsenic compound, FlAsH‐EDT2. With this screening system, transposon‐insertion library of E. coli was screened, and then we isolated mutants which exhibited higher protein production through the SRP pathway than the parental strain. From the genetic analysis, we found that all isolated mutants had the same mutation—disruption of the 16S rRNA gene (rrsE). The positive effect of rrsE deficiency on protein secretion via the SRP pathway was successfully demonstrated using various model proteins including endogenous SRP‐dependent proteins, antibodies, and G protein‐coupled receptor. For the large‐scale production of IgG and GPCR, we performed fed‐batch cultivation with the rrsE‐deficient mutant, and very high yields of IgG (0.4 g/L) and GPCR (1.4 g/L) were obtained. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2453–2461. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF THE SYSTEM TIN(II) SULFIDE‐THALLIUM(I) SULFIDE. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THALLIUM TIN SULFIDE (TL4SNS3)
Authors: DEL BUCCHIA S. , JUMAS J.‐C. , PHILIPPOT E. , MAURIN M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIm System SnS‐T12S werden die beiden neuen Phasen T14 SnS3 (Raumgruppe P4/ncc, Z=4; F. 370°C) und T12 Sng S3 (C2/c oder Cc, Z=4; F. 400°C) identifiziert.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUKTURELLE, CHEMISCHE UND IR‐SPEKTROGRAPHISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG DES ANLAGERUNGSKOMPLEXES 3(S8)...(S4(NH)4)
Authors: GARCIA‐FERNANDEZ H. , GASPERIN M. , FREYMANN R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Reduktion von S4N4 mit Hydrazin wurden Sulfurimine erhalten, mit denen die Sg‐Addukte (I)‐(III) gebildet wurden.