bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Thermal Model for a Hybrid Gas Bearing System in Oil-Free Turbochargers
Authors: Jung Wonbae , Delgado Adolfo , Dudlo Anthony , Kang Sang-Guk , Kweon Chol-Bum M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With little drag friction, gas bearings operate at high rotor speed and high temperature and thus enable long operating life along with material damping for mechanical energy dissipation. However, most computational tools for modeling gas bearings are not accessible to bearing manufacturers or potential end-users, and the models are restricted to specific geometries and operating conditions or are missing important features, thus limiting their utility. This paper presents the thermal energy transport in a hybrid gas bearing (HGB) for oil-free turbochargers (TCs) with integrated heat and fluid flow models to produce a comprehensive thermohydrodynamic analysis predictive tool and to design and evaluate air-lubricated gas bearings by predictions and experiments. An efficient algorithm couples the solution of the Reynolds equations and the thermal energy transport equations in the film between the rotor and a pad of the hybrid gas bearing and updates the temperature-dependent viscosity and film thicknesses during the iterative process. The balance of the bulk-flow thermal energy transport is that the summation of drag power losses plus heat convection into the film equals to the thermal energy advected by the film. The predictions show that the film temperature varies along circumferential and axial directions by following the balance of the energy flows and shows high film temperatures corresponding to the small film thicknesses and thus large film pressures. The predicted result also shows that the peak temperature of the film occurs at the exit side of the film near the trailing edge of each pad. Thermocouples installed axially at the leading and trailing edges of each pad measure temperature of the film to validate the thermal module. The test repeats and averaged for each rotor speed from 2 krpm to 22 krpm at intervals of 2 krpm, for supply pressure varying along 25 psi to 100 psi, and predicted film temperature matches well with the measured one. The parameters of interest in this analysis include the gas supply condition, bearing configuration, and the gas properties at high altitudes and high rotation speeds. The parametric study results show that the density and kinematic viscosity are the most dominant properties of the gas lubrication for the film temperature.
Large Eddy Simulation of Ammonia–Hydrogen Nonpremixed Flames Stabilized on a Bluff Body Burner
Authors: Xia Yu , Verma Ishan , Shrivastava Sourabh , Nakod Pravin , Fletcher David F. , Dally Bassam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The demand for carbon-free fuels such as ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen (H2) has been growing rapidly due to stricter environmental policies on carbon emissions. Since ammonia is easier to store and transport, it is considered the leading alternative fuel for marine, aviation, and gas turbine industries. However, the narrow flammability, low reactivity, and potential emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) are important challenges that need to be overcome if ammonia is to be used as a practical fuel for industrial use. Recent works have provided important experimental data on the characteristics of NH3 flames under premixed and nonpremixed combustion modes, focusing on flame speed, turbulence–chemistry interaction, and especially the dissociation/cracking of NH3 into H2 and N2. These measurements have encouraged the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the simulation and scaling of practical ammonia systems, evaluating the performance of different numerical models for NH3 combustion. In this study, large eddy simulation (LES) is utilized to predict a series of NH3/H2/N2 nonpremixed flames stabilized on a bluff body burner. The accuracy of the flamelet generated manifold (FGM) combustion model combined with LES has been examined, using a commercial CFD solver. The different cracking levels of NH3 into H2 and N2 lead to simulation cases ranging from an H2/N2 flame (i.e., “fully cracked”) to a flame with 50% NH3 (i.e., “half cracked”). The different flame shapes, temperature distributions, NOx, and unburnt NH3 emissions have all been simulated, generally matching well the available experimental data. The developed model settings and numerical workflows may be applied to simulating more complex combustors which use NH3 as a fuel.
Experimental Investigation Using Robust Deep VMD-ICA and 1D-CNN for Condition Monitoring of Roller Element Bearing
Authors: Salunkhe Vishal G. , Khot S. M. , Jadhav Prashant S. , Yelve Nitesh P. , Kumbhar Mahadev B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A rotor-bearing system experiences numerous vibrations during the operation that frequently degrade performance and endanger operational safety. Roller-bearing failure has significant consequences, leading to downtime or a complete outage of rotating machinery. It is crucial to detect and diagnose incipient bearing defects promptly to ensure optimal operation of the machinery and minimize potential disruptions to the process. Deep independent component analysis is a necessity used in modern condition monitoring to detect bearing failures prior to their occurrence. To address this issue, the feasibility of utilizing the deep independent component analysis (ICA) method based on the variational modal decomposition (VMD) with a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) to diagnose the incipient bearing defect. Fast Fourier techniques are utilized to extract the vibration signatures of artificially damaged bearings on a newly built test bed. VMD addresses to minimize data noise by allowing data to decompose into various sub-datasets for the extraction of incipient defect features. With weak defect characteristic signal and noise interference, the deep VMD-ICA model and 1D-CNN simplicity improved the accuracy of diagnosis corresponding to the experimental results. Moreover, deep VMD-ICA with 1D-CNN has demonstrated strong performance compared to experimental results and is helpful in monitoring the condition of industrial machinery. The results reveal that this fault diagnosis approach is reliable, with a diagnostic accuracy of 98.93% for bearing faults.
Cronobacter sakazakii
lysozyme inhibitor LprI mediated by HmsP and c-di-GMP is essential for biofilm formation and virulence
Authors: Ji Xuemeng , Fan Dancai , Wang Jin , Zhang Bowei , Hu Yaozhong , Lv Huan , Wu Jing , Sun Yi , Liu Jingmin , Zhang Yan , Wang Shuo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Cronobacter sakazakii
poses a significant threat, particularly to neonates and infants. Despite its strong pathogenicity, understanding of
C. sakazakii
biofilms and their role in infections remains limited. This study investigates the roles of HmsP and c-di-GMP in biofilm formation and identifies key genetic and proteomic elements involved. Gene knockout experiments reveal that HmsP and c-di-GMP are linked to biofilm formation in
C. sakazakii
. Comparative proteomic profiling identifies the lysozyme inhibitor protein LprI, which is downregulated in
hmsP
knockouts and upregulated in c-di-GMP knockouts, as a potential biofilm formation factor. Further investigation of the
lprI
knockout strain shows significantly reduced biofilm formation and decreased virulence in a rat infection model. Additionally, LprI is demonstrated to bind extracellular DNA, suggesting a role in anchoring
C. sakazakii
within the biofilm matrix. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying biofilm formation and virulence in
C. sakazakii
, offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention and food production settings.

IMPORTANCE

Cronobacter sakazakii
is a bacterium that poses a severe threat to neonates and infants. This research elucidates the role of the lysozyme inhibitor LprI, modulated by HmsP and c-di-GMP, and uncovers a key factor in biofilm formation and virulence. The findings offer crucial insights into the molecular interactions that enable
C. sakazakii
to form resilient biofilms and persist in hostile environments, such as those found in food production facilities. These insights not only enhance our understanding of
C. sakazakii
pathogenesis but also identify potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions to prevent or mitigate infections. This work is particularly relevant to public health and the food industry, where controlling
C. sakazakii
contamination in powdered infant formula is vital for safeguarding vulnerable populations.
Complete genome sequence of aquaculture pond isolate,
Bacillus velezensis
M4019
Authors: Lee Po-Sen , Liou Chung-Yi , Chiu Yu-Che , Ma Cheng-Yu , Huang Po-Wei , Wang Liang-Chun 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacillus velezensis
is commonly found in soil and has various antibacterial activities against animal and plant pathogens. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of
Bacillus velezensis
strain M4019, isolated from a euryhaline aquaculture pond water in Yong-An, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. This pond-water-derived isolate, unlike common soil-derived isolates, may provide potentially different adaptations and antimicrobial cues for future research.
Metabolite dependence of antibiotic susceptibility in a gut microbe
Authors: Allison Kyle R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Antibiotics save lives but can have unwanted effects on our gut microbes, thereby contributing to disease. A mechanistic understanding of how such microbes respond to antibiotics is hence critical. Recently in
mSphere
, Nilson et al. investigated the metabolite dependence of antibiotic susceptibility in
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
, an abundant and important member of our gut microbiota (R. Nilson, S. Penumutchu, F. S. Pagano, and P. Belenky, mSphere 9:e00103-24, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00103-24)
. Their uncovered findings suggest the possibility of potentiating antibiotics with metabolites to reduce post-antibiotic “blooming” of
B. thetaiotaomicron
and the associated development of gut symbiosis.
Human cytomegalovirus infection among febrile hematological cancer patients at the Uganda Cancer Institute
Authors: Guido Ocung , Lubwama Margaret , Kiconco Prossy , Okeng Alfred , Najjingo Irene , Aboce Emmanuel , Phiona Rembo , Nabbanja Hanifah , Ndagire Mariam , Eva Kamala , Enock Wekiya , Orem Jackson , Joloba Moses L. , Bwanga Freddie 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Hematological cancers, including Leukemias and Lymphomas, and their associated chemotherapy and disease-specific factors, are linked to impaired granulocyte function and numbers, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections, often presenting as fever. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is one of the significant opportunistic infections in these patients, but limited data exists on its seroprevalence and active infection burden among febrile hematological cancer patients in Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional study from June to August 2017 at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI). Blood samples from 161 febrile hematological cancer patients were collected. HCMV exposure was assessed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgG and IgM antibodies, and active infection was confirmed with PCR testing and gel electrophoresis. IgG positivity indicated previous exposure, while positive IgM or PCR results indicated active infection. Overall, HCMV seroprevalence based on IgG and/or IgM positivity was 106/161 (66%). IgG alone, IgM alone, and combined IgG/IgM positivity prevalence rates were 57/161 (35.4%), 22/161 (13.6%), and 27/161 (16.7%), respectively. HCMV DNA PCR was positive in 5 of the 161 (3%) samples. Among PCR-positive patients, one (20%) was positive for IgG alone, two (40%) for IgM alone, and two (40%) for both IgG and IgM. Active infection based on positive IgM and HCMV DNA PCR was found in 23 of the 161 (14.3%) patients. Two-thirds of febrile patients with hematological malignancies in Uganda had been exposed to HCMV infection, with 14.3% showing active infection. Routine testing for active HCMV infection among febrile hematological cancer patients at the UCI is essential for timely and appropriate antiviral treatment.

IMPORTANCE
In this paper, we demonstrated that over two-thirds of feverish patients with blood cancers such as leukemia at the Uganda Cancer Institute are already exposed to a type of virus infection called the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and 14% of the patients have active disease due to this virus. This was confirmed through finding blood samples testing positive for a type of protective antibody called IgM and also upon virus DNA detection in the blood of those patients. Routine testing for this virus is not usually done in the study settings. Our findings reveal and emphasize the importance of routinely testing blood samples for active infection with this virus among the feverish patients with blood cancers in the study settings, and prompt initiation of antiviral treatment of the actively infected patients
Impact of stress hyperglycemia on outcomes in patients with large ischemic stroke
Authors: Shi Xiaolei , Yang Shihai , Guo Changwei , Sun Wenzhe , Song Jiaxing , Fan Shitao , Yang Jie , Yue Chengsong , Huang Jiandi , Li Linyu , Tian Yan , Ma Jinfu , Xu Xu , Wang Zhixi , Kong Weilin , Ye Dongsheng , Peng Zhouzhou , Li Fengli , Zi Wenjie 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundClinical evidence of the potential influence of stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) for patients with large ischemic stroke whether or not receiving endovascular therapy is not clear.MethodsThis study was a subanalysis of a prospective, multicenter registry, and included 745 patients with large ischemic stroke across 38 centers in China. A total of 427 patients were included in this study, with 285 received endovascular therapy (EVT) and 142 received standard medical therapy (SMT). SHR was defined as glucose (mmol/L)/(1.59 × HbA1C)–2.59. The primary outcome was a moderate neurological outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤3) at 90 days.ResultsA significant interaction was observed between SHR and whether received EVT (p=0.017). Among patients who received EVT (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.46; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.92; p=0.029), patients in the highest tertile of SHR were significantly less likely to achieve a moderate neurological outcome at 90 days compared with those in the lowest tertile. However, this association was not observed in patients receiving SMT (aOR 2.46; 95% CI 0.74 to 8.21; p=0.142). EVT patients with higher SHR had a significantly higher incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage compared with lower SHR (aOR 3.29; 95% CI 1.08 to 10.06; p=0.036), while such an association was not observed in the SMT group (aOR 1.52; 95% CI 0.56 to 4.12; p=0.410).ConclusionsIn patients with large ischemic stroke treated with EVT, SHR is associated with a reduced likelihood of achieving a moderate neurological outcome, as well as an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100051664.
ASCL1 Restrains ERK1/2 to Promote Survival of a Subset of Neuroendocrine Lung Cancers
Authors: Martin-Vega Ana , Earnest Svetlana A. , Augustyn Alexander , Wichaidit Chonlarat , Girard Luc , Peyton Michael , Minna John D. , Johnson Jane E. , Cobb Melanie H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The transcription factor achaete–scute complexhomolog 1 (ASCL1) is a lineage oncogene that is central in growth and survival of the majority of small cell lung cancers and neuroendocrine (NE) non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) that express it. Targeting ASCL1, or its downstream pathways, remains a challenge. Small cell lung cancers and NSCLC-NE that express ASCL1 exhibit relatively low ERK1/2 activity, in dramatic contrast to NSCLCs in which the ERK pathway plays a major role in pathogenesis. ERK1/2 inhibition in ASCL1-expressing lung tumor cells revealed downregulation of ERK1/2 pathway suppressors SPRY4, SPRED1, DUSP6, and the transcription factor ETV5, which regulates DUSP6. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing demonstrated that these genes are bound by ASCL1. Availability of a pharmacologic inhibitor directed mechanistic studies toward DUSP6, an ERK1/2-selective phosphatase, in a subset of ASCL1-high NE lung tumors. Inhibition of DUSP6 increased active ERK1/2, which accumulated in the nucleus. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of DUSP6 reduced proliferation and survival of these cancers. Resistance developed in DUSP6-knockout cells, indicating a bypass mechanism. Although targeting ASCL1 remains a challenge, our findings suggest that expression of ASCL1, DUSP6, and low phospho-ERK1/2 identifies NE lung cancers for which DUSP6 may be a therapeutic target.
Endothelial TGF-β Signaling Regulates Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition During Arteriovenous Fistula Remodeling in Mice With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhang Weichang , Gonzalez Luis , Li Xin , Bai Hualong , Li Zhuo , Taniguchi Ryosuke , Langford John , Ohashi Yuichi , Thaxton Carly , Aoyagi Yukihiko , Yatsula Bogdan , Martin Kathleen A. , Goodwin Julie , Tellides George , Long Xiaochun , Shu Chang , Dardik Alan 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) are the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with endothelial injury, impaired AVF maturation, and reduced patency, as well as utilization. Because CKD is characterized by multiple pathophysiological processes that induce endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), we hypothesized that CKD promotes EndMT during venous remodeling and that disruption of endothelial TGF (transforming growth factor)-β signaling inhibits EndMT to prevent AVF failure even in the end-stage kidney disease environment.

METHODS:
The mouse 5/6 nephrectomy and aortocaval fistula models were used. CKD was created via 5/6 nephrectomy, with controls of no (0/6) or partial (3/6) nephrectomy in C57BL/6J mice. AVF were created in mice with knockdown of TGF-βR1/R2 (TGF-β receptors type 1/2) in either smooth muscle cells or endothelial cells. AVF diameters and patency were measured and confirmed by serial ultrasound examination. AVF, both murine and human, were examined using Western blot, histology, and immunofluorescence. Human and mouse endothelial cells were used for in vitro experiments.

RESULTS:
CKD accelerates TGF-β activation and promotes EndMT that is associated with increased AVF wall thickness and reduced patency in mice. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling in both endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells decreased smooth muscle cell proliferation in the AVF wall, attenuated EndMT, and was associated with reduced wall thickness, increased outward remodeling, and improved AVF patency. Human AVF also showed increased TGF-β signaling and EndMT.

CONCLUSIONS:
CKD promotes EndMT and reduces AVF patency. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling, especially disruption of endothelial cell–specific TGF-β signaling, attenuates EndMT and improves AVF patency in mouse AVF. Inhibition of EndMT may be a therapeutic approach of translational significance to improve AVF patency in human patients with CKD.
Do Language Models Enjoy Their Own Stories? Prompting Large Language Models for Automatic Story Evaluation
Authors: Chhun Cyril , Suchanek Fabian M. , Clavel Chloé 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Storytelling is an integral part of human experience and plays a crucial role in social interactions. Thus, Automatic Story Evaluation (ASE) and Generation (ASG) could benefit society in multiple ways, but they are challenging tasks which require high-level human abilities such as creativity, reasoning, and deep understanding. Meanwhile, Large Language Models (LLMs) now achieve state-of-the-art performance on many NLP tasks. In this paper, we study whether LLMs can be used as substitutes for human annotators for ASE. We perform an extensive analysis of the correlations between LLM ratings, other automatic measures, and human annotations, and we explore the influence of prompting on the results and the explainability of LLM behaviour. Most notably, we find that LLMs outperform current automatic measures for system-level evaluation but still struggle at providing satisfactory explanations for their answers.
Investigating Hallucinations in Pruned Large Language Models for Abstractive Summarization
Authors: Chrysostomou George , Zhao Zhixue , Williams Miles , Aletras Nikolaos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Despite the remarkable performance of generative large language models (LLMs) on abstractive summarization, they face two significant challenges: their considerable size and tendency to hallucinate. Hallucinations are concerning because they erode reliability and raise safety issues. Pruning is a technique that reduces model size by removing redundant weights, enabling more efficient sparse inference. Pruned models yield downstream task performance comparable to the original, making them ideal alternatives when operating on a limited budget. However, the effect that pruning has upon hallucinations in abstractive summarization with LLMs has yet to be explored. In this paper, we provide an extensive empirical study across five summarization datasets, two state-of-the-art pruning methods, and five instruction-tuned LLMs. Surprisingly, we find that hallucinations are less prevalent from pruned LLMs than the original models. Our analysis suggests that pruned models tend to depend more on the source document for summary generation. This leads to a higher lexical overlap between the generated summary and the source document, which could be a reason for the reduction in hallucination risk.1
“For on Him We Depend”
Authors: Beyer Barbara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Most scholars have interpreted Acts 17:28a–c (“for in him we live and move and are”) within the context of the Aratus quotation in 17:28e. Yet in doing so, they overlooked the precise meaning of this statement and how it fits within the argument. This article considers the philological aspects and motifs contained in Acts 17:28a–c within their context. Thus, the statement expresses dependence on God by use of the Greek phrase ἔν τινι εἶναι, which appears widely across Greek literature. By taking the evidence from these sources into consideration, it becomes clear that the concise statement of Acts 17:28a–c bundles up various ideas of the Areopagus speech into one thought.
On Opposite Sides of the World – South African Expats’ Observations of the Society, Economy, Education and Ethics in South Korea
Authors: de Beer Jan Mathys 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a Comparative Historical Analysis (CHA) is made between South Korea and South Africa for the improvement of the South African politics, economy, society, and ethos. Through a mixed-methods approach, this study is making use of four case studies and a literature study to learn from the most prominent differences between RSA and ROK experienced by South African expats living in ROK (confirmed by other expats in ROK). The issues that form the basis of discussion of prominent differences between South Africa and South Korea are 1) the respect basis of society (the Korean focus on respect for others is viewed as a counter for racial superiority theories in RSA), 2) work ethics (the strong Korean commitment to hard work and proper remuneration corrects the lack of work ethics in small RSA enterprises), 3) education and innovation (the educational system in Korea is under less strain than in RSA because it receives high priority funding and support from the government), and 4) national cohesion (RSA’s diversity can be detrimental if leads to a lack of cohesion in the society). These issues are discussed from a CHA perspective for the purpose of contributing to the ongoing debate for the improvement of the South African society, economy and politics. By presenting case studies, this paper is limited in scope but makes an invaluable contribution to the wider debate on the improvement of RSA. The novel contribution of this paper is that it adds to the debate the observations of expatriates living in a country that has some similarities with RSA, but different from RSA, managed to improve their economy since their democratization in 1987.