bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signet ring cell carcinoma of resectable metastatic colorectal cancer has rare surgical value
Authors: Fu Jianfei , Wu Lunpo , Jiang Mengjie , Tan Yinuo , Li Dan , Chen Fei , Jiang Ting , Du Jinlin 
Published: November 2016

Background and ObjectivesSignet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a uniquely separated subgroup in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The aims are to investigate the value of resection in patients with resectable metastatic signet ring cell colorectal cancer.MethodsPatients with mCRC who underwent resection in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database during 1998–2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan–Meier and COX models were used to analyze the differences in the survival. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between SRCC and other clinicopathological factors.ResultsAmong the 3,568 patients, 94 (2.63%) patients had SRCC. The median survival time of patients with SRCC and non‐SRCC were 17 and 29 months, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that SRCC was an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival. Logistic regression model based on variables identified by univariate analysis indicated that younger age (≤50 years old) (P = 0.005), female (P < 0.001), location in colon (P = 0.012), and N positive status (P = 0.003) were independent variables correlated with the SRCC subgroup. SRCC had a dramatically higher invalid surgical outcome rate than non‐SRCC (P = 0.001).ConclusionSRCC patients might benefit little from the resection of primary and metastatic lesions with a high rate of undergoing invalid operations. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:1004–1008. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human Development and Tourism Specialization. Evidence from a Panel of Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Biagi Bianca , Ladu Maria Gabriela , Royuela Vicente 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the present study, we analyze the relationship between tourism and human development for a selection of 63 countries from 1996 to 2008. Findings confirm that, on average, tourism is positively associated with human development. By decomposing the effect of tourism on each human development indicator, we find that literacy rate appears to be the most affected. This result suggests that the impact of tourism in the host country is much broader with respect to the purely economic effect. Furthermore, it suggests the need of further investigating the relationship between human development and tourism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Landscape disturbance and sporadic hybridization complicate field identification of chipmunks
Authors: Frare Christina F. , Matocq Marjorie D. , Feldman Chris R. , White Angela M. , Manley Patricia N. , Jermstad Kathleen D. , Hekkala Evon R. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTChipmunks (Tamias spp.) in western North America are important for their numerical abundance, their role in pathogen transmission, and the composition and structure of food webs. As such, land management agencies (e.g., U.S. Forest Service) often conduct field surveys to monitor the diversity and abundance of chipmunk species as a measure of forest health. These small mammal communities often include several morphologically similar chipmunk species, some of which occasionally hybridize, which can make field identification of species difficult. However, species‐specific differences in both spatial distribution and habitat use make it imperative that biotic inventories correctly identify chipmunk species. We compared molecular‐based and field‐based, external phenotypic identifications of 4 chipmunk species in the Lake Tahoe Basin of the Sierra Nevada in California and Nevada, USA. Across all years and sites, we found an error rate of 14% for field‐based identifications with significantly lower rates of misidentification in relatively undisturbed wildlands in comparison to recently burned wildlands or urbanized sites. We also found evidence for sporadic hybridization between focal species, including cases of mito‐nuclear mismatch. Our study highlights the utility of molecular tools in corroborating field identifications of chipmunks in changing landscapes. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Human papillomavirus–induced oropharyngeal cancer in Hispanics in the United States
Authors: Thomas Giovana R. , Lo Kaming , Nwojo Raphael 
Published: November 2016

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine disparities in survival outcome and clinical presentation between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white patients with human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Study DesignRetrospective clinical research.MethodsClinical data on Hispanics and non‐Hispanic white patients with diagnosis of human papillomavirus/p16–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were drawn from a tumor registry from the University of Miami Hospitals and Clinics from 2008 to 2014.Of 436 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 237 patents met inclusion criteria. Patient's age, gender, smoking history, alcohol history, race/ethnicity, tumor T stage, nodal N stage, and composite TNM stage were included in the analysis. Associations between race and other categorical variables were explored with χ2 test or Fisher exact test where appropriate. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsSignificant differences in clinical presentation was detected between Hispanic (N = 70) and non‐Hispanic white (N = 167) patients. Hispanic human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients showed a higher proportion of women with disease, a higher proportion of patients presenting with tonsil rather than tongue base primary subsite cancer, and a higher proportion of patients who do not consume alcohol compared to non‐Hispanic white human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients. A statistically significant survival difference between these two ethnic groups was not detected in the current dataset.ConclusionsUnique differences in clinical presentations between Hispanic patients and non‐Hispanic whites with human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were detected. This may be the first study to report novel clinical presentation in Hispanic human papillomavirus–positive patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma living in the United States.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:1097–1101, 2017
Revealing optical vortices with a small number of photons
Authors: Zhang Wuhong , Wang Jikang , Li Fangshu , Chen Lixiang , Karimi Ebrahim 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDetecting the optical vortices of darkness hidden in an ultra‐weak background is a difficult task. Here we report an experiment demonstrating that the optical vortices can be directly visualized and identified with a smaller number of photons. Our method is based on the extension of the spiral phase contrast technique to incorporate vortex phase plates (VPP) of high‐order topological charges. In our experiment, we prepare optical vortex arrays of interesting structures such as Arabic numerals and the wings carrying various topological charges. By placing various VPP filters in the Fourier plane of a 4f imaging system, the embedded vortices of an incident ultra‐weak light field can be visualized, revealing both their positions and topological charges. It is found that a higher order vortex generally requires a smaller number of photons to be detected. Our method may find potential application in the fields of astronomical optics and biosensing in an ultra‐weak light environment.
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Tailorable second‐harmonic generation from an individual nanowire using spatially phase‐shaped beams
Authors: Turquet Léo , Kakko Joona‐Pekko , Zang Xiaorun , Naskali Liisa , Karvonen Lasse , Jiang Hua , Huhtio Teppo , Kauppinen Esko , Lipsanen Harri , Kauranen Martti , Bautista Godofredo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe ability to control the optical field in the vicinity of an individual nano‐object is an obvious stepping‐stone in the tailoring of light‐matter interactions at the nanoscale. Earlier reports on tailoring light fields in the vicinity of a nano‐object have been restricted by their dependence on cumbersome optical or fabrication techniques, have relied mostly on in‐plane electric field polarizations, and have been demonstrated only for bulk materials and structures with strong in‐plane anisotropies. In addition, traditional methods for manipulating the longitudinal electric fields are significantly hindered by the lack of appropriate probes that can be used to unambiguously measure or calibrate the light coupling efficiency to nano‐objects. Here, we demonstrate such a possibility for the specific case of optical second‐harmonic generation (SHG). Our technique relies on spatial phase‐shaping of a high‐order laser beam to tailor the longitudinal fields at the beam focus and allows SHG from an individual and well‐defined vertically‐aligned GaAs nanowire to be manipulated on demand. Our technique is applicable to tailoring the efficiency of nonlinear emission on the nanoscale and to arbitrary polarization control at the beam focus in general.
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Olfactory Impairment Predicts Underlying Dopaminergic Deficit in Presumed Drug‐Induced Parkinsonism
Authors: Morley James F. , Cheng Gang , Dubroff Jacob G. , Wood Stephanie , Wilkinson Jayne R. , Duda John E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDrug‐induced parkinsonism (DIP) is common, and the motor symptoms can be indistinguishable from Parkinson's disease (PD). When symptoms persist after drug withdrawal, this may represent “unmasking” of underlying PD. We previously reported that hyposmia, a common nonmotor feature of PD, was associated with persistent DIP. Here, we report on a series of 33 consecutive patients who underwent dopamine transporter imaging to evaluate DIP. We examined the clinical correlates of underlying dopaminergic denervation by comparing subjects with normal and abnormal scans. Imaging was abnormal in 7 of 33 (21%) cases. Motor features were similar in patients with normal and abnormal scans. Olfactory testing was available for 30 subjects and was concordant with imaging in 27 of 30 (odds ratio = 63; 95% confidence interval: 4.8–820; P = 0.002). Olfactory testing may be a simple screen to help identify DIP patients with underlying dopaminergic denervation, consistent with unmasking of incipient PD.
Bayesian assessment of site‐specific performance of geotechnical design charts with unknown model uncertainty
Authors: Wang Y. , Zhao T. 
Published: November 2016

SummarySoil properties are indispensable input parameters in geotechnical design and analysis. In engineering practice, particularly for projects with relatively small or medium sizes, soil properties are often not measured directly, but estimated from geotechnical design charts using results of some commonly used laboratory orin situtests. For example, effective friction angle ϕ′ of soil is frequently estimated using standard penetration test (SPT)Nvalues and design charts relating SPTNvalues to ϕ′. Note that directly measured ϕ′ data are generally not available when (and probably why) the use of design charts is needed. Because design charts are usually developed from past observation data, on either empirical or semi‐theoretical basis, uncertainty is unavoidably involved in the design charts. This situation leads to two important questions in engineering practice:how good or reliable are the soil properties estimated in a specific site when using the design charts? (or how to measure the performance of the design charts in a specific site?); andhow to incorporate rationally the model uncertainty when estimating soil properties using the design charts? This paper aims to address these two questions by developing a Bayesian statistical approach. In this paper, the second question is firstly addressed (i.e., soil properties are probabilistically characterized by rationally incorporating the model uncertainty in the design chart). Then, based on the characterization results obtained, an index is proposed to evaluate the site‐specific performance of design charts (i.e., to address the first question). Equations are derived for the proposed approach, and the proposed approach is illustrated using both real and simulated SPT data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing metabolite diffusion at ultra‐short time scales in the mouse brain using optimized oscillating gradients and “short”‐echo‐time diffusion‐weighted MRS
Authors: Ligneul Clémence , Valette Julien 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMeasuring diffusion at ultra‐short time scales may yield information about short‐range intracellular structure and cytosol viscosity. However, reaching such time scales usually requires oscillating gradients, which in turn imply long echo times TE. Here we propose a new kind of stretched oscillating gradient that allows us to increase diffusion‐weighting b while preserving spectral and temporal properties of the gradient modulation. We used these optimized gradients to measure metabolite diffusion in the mouse brain down to effective diffusion times of 1 ms while keeping TE relatively short (60 ms). At such TE, a significant macromolecule signal could still be observed and used as an internal reference of approximately null diffusivity, which proved critical to discard datasets corrupted by some motion artifact. The methods introduced here may be useful to improve the accuracy and precision of metabolite apparent diffusion coefficient measurements with oscillating gradients.
Prepregnancy obesity and the racial disparity in infant mortality
Authors: Lemon Lara S. , Naimi Ashley I. , Abrams Barbara , Kaufman Jay S. , Bodnar Lisa M. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo estimate the extent to which prepregnancy obesity explains the Black‐White disparity in stillbirth and infant mortality.MethodsA population‐based study of linked Pennsylvania birth‐infant death certificates (2003‐2011; n = 1,055,359 births) and fetal death certificates (2006‐2011; n = 3,102 stillbirths) for all singleton pregnancies in non‐Hispanic (NH) White and NH Black women was conducted. Inverse probability weighted regression was used to estimate the role of prepregnancy obesity in explaining the race‐infant/fetal death association.ResultsCompared with NH White women, NH Black women were more likely to have obesity (≥30 kg/m2) and experienced a higher rate of stillbirth (8.3 vs. 3.6 stillbirths per 1,000 live‐born and stillborn infants) and infant death (8.5 vs. 3.0 infant deaths per 1,000 live births). When the contribution of prepregnancy obesity was removed, the difference in risk between NH Blacks and NH Whites decreased from 6.2 (95% CI: 5.6‐6.7) to 5.5 (95% CI: 4.9‐6.2) excess stillbirths per 1,000 and 5.8 (95% CI: 5.3‐6.3) to 5.2 (95% CI: 4.7‐5.7) excess infant deaths per 1,000.ConclusionsFor every 10,000 live births in Pennsylvania (2003‐2011), 6 of the 61 excess infant deaths in NH Black women and 5 of the 44 excess stillbirths (2006‐2011) were attributable to prepregnancy obesity.
Cortisol in human milk predicts child BMI
Authors: Hahn‐Holbrook Jennifer , Le Tran Bao , Chung Anna , Davis Elysia Poggi , Glynn Laura M. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveBreastfeeding has been linked to lower rates of childhood obesity. Human milk contains cortisol, known to regulate glucose storage and metabolism. The aim of this study was to to test the hypothesis that early exposure to cortisol in human breast milk helps to modulate infant body mass index (BMI) trajectories over the first 2 years of life.MethodsGrowth curve modeling was used to examine whether infant exposure to cortisol in human milk at 3 months predicted changes in child body mass index percentile (BMIP) at 6, 12, and 24 months of age in 51 breastfeeding mother–child pairs.ResultsInfants exposed to higher milk cortisol levels at 3 months were less likely to exhibit BMIP gains over the first 2 years of life, compared with infants exposed to lower milk cortisol. By age 2, infants exposed to higher milk cortisol levels had lower BMIPs than infants exposed to lower milk cortisol. Milk cortisol was a stronger predictor of BMIP change in girls than boys.ConclusionsCortisol exposure through human milk may help to program metabolic functioning and childhood obesity risk. Further, because infant formula contains only trace amounts of glucocorticoids, these findings suggest that cortisol in milk is a novel biological pathway through which breastfeeding may protect against later obesity.
Influence of glass composition on secondary ion mass spectrometry instrumental mass fractionation for Si and Ca isotopic analyses
Authors: Tissandier Laurent , Rollion‐Bard Claire 
Published: November 2016

RationaleIn situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis requires the use of standards to unravel the instrumental mass fractionation (IMF) induced by the analytical procedures. Part of this IMF might be caused by the nature of the sample and the differences in composition and structure between the sample and the standards. This “matrix effect” has been tentatively corrected for by using standards with chemical compositions equivalent to the samples, or by the empirical use of chemical parameters. However, these corrections can only be applied to a narrow compositional range and fail to take proper account of the matrix effect when a wider chemical field is tested.MethodsWe synthesized a series of glasses whose compositions span a very large part of the NCMAS (Na2O‐CaO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2) system. Si and Ca isotopic analyses were performed on two ion microprobes (Cameca IMS‐1270 and IMS‐1280).ResultsThe matrix effect observed may reach 20‰ between extreme compositions and cannot be accounted for by the previously used “chemical” parameters (e.g. SiO2, SiO2/(SiO2 + Al2O3)) nor by the NBO/T parameter. It therefore appears necessary to consider not only the structure of the glasses, but also the nature of the different atoms. Consequently, we assessed the use of another concept, the optical basicity, based on the electronegativities of the constitutive elements of glass.ConclusionsWe show that this parameter significantly improves the efficiency of the matrix‐effect correction and that it can be applied across the entire NCMAS compositional range studied here. Furthermore, the use of optical basicity reduces the number of glass standards required for a reliable isotopic study, and it can also be used to probe the structure of the glass. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Provably secure three‐factor authentication and key agreement scheme for session initiation protocol
Authors: Challa Sravani , Das Ashok Kumar , Kumari Saru , Odelu Vanga , Wu Fan , Li Xiong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSession initiation protocol (SIP) is a widely used authentication protocol for the Voice over IP communications. Over the years, several protocols have been proposed in the literature to strengthen the security of SIP. In this paper, we present an efficient elliptic curve cryptography (ECC)‐based provably secure three‐factor authentication and session key agreement scheme for SIP, which uses the identity, password, and personal biometrics of a user as three factors. Our scheme aims to resolve the security weaknesses and drawbacks in existing SIP authentication protocols. In addition, our scheme supports password and biometric update phase without involving the server and the user mobile device revocation phase in case the mobile device is lost/stolen. Formal security analysis under the standard model and the broadly accepted Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic ensures that the proposed scheme can withstand several known security attacks. The proposed scheme has also been analyzed informally. Simulation for formal security verification using the widely known automated validation of internet security protocols and applications tool shows the replay, and the man‐in‐the‐middle attacks are protected by the scheme. High security and low communication and computation costs make the proposed scheme more suitable for practical application as compared with other existing related ECC‐based schemes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TD‐WS: a threat detection tool of WebSocket and Web Storage in HTML5 websites
Authors: Bai Junyang , Wang Weiping , Lu Mingming , Wang Haodong , Wang Jianxin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe new features of HTML5 greatly increase the convenience for both web developers and users, but they also bring new security threats. Although the web‐security community has started to analyze the security threats brought by HTML5, little has been performed to address the security threats for the client‐side applications. This paper studies security issues of two popular client‐side primitives: WebSocket and Web Storage. The security threats concerned in this paper are private information stealth through WebSocket and cross‐site scripting vulnerabilities caused by lacking of sanitization for WebSocket messages and Web Storage data. We analyze the unsafe data flows of these two HTML5 primitives in detail. Based on that, we present a threat detection tool called TD‐WS, which can automatically detect the privacy leaks and the cross‐site scripting vulnerabilities in WebSocket and Web Storage applications. The results show that TD‐WS effectively detects the security threats of WebSocket and Web Storage applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel extreme learning machine‐based cryptography system
Authors: Atee Hayfaa Abdulzahra , Ahmad Robiah , Noor Norliza Mohd , Rahma Abdul Monem S. , Sallam Muhammad Samer 
Published: November 2016

AbstractExtreme Learning Machine (ELM) is a well‐known algorithm for the training of neural networks for two modes of functionality: regression and classification. This paper presents a novel model using ELM in ciphering. The study begins with an investigation of the Real‐time Recurrent Neural Network (RRNN) derived from the gradient‐based learning for symmetric cipher. The weakness of this cipher is that the error converges to zero, and that the RRNN will not change regardless of how the plaintext is changed. Given the nature of the ELM, a technique with an ELM‐based cipher is proposed to provide the capability of performing the training independently from the input and the error gradient. Different simulation scenarios were used to evaluate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed cipher. Results revealed that the ELM‐based cipher performed better than RRNNs, especially in terms of security. Moreover, the ELM‐based cipher demonstrated significantly competing performance for a wide range of evaluation measures. Using an ELM‐based cipher instead of an AES or other type of ciphers has the added advantage of providing an addition level of security—by allowing the user to change the algorithmic core of the cipher by simply changing the weights of the neural network. This allows hardware programmed ciphers to be more secure while costing less compared to other ciphers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.