bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real vs ideal self: A study of identity creation and desired images on Facebook
Authors: Dahiya Dr Surbhi 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Goffman in his book, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959), treated face-to-face interaction as a subject of sociological study in which he framed out the theatrical performance that applies to face-to-face interactions. He believed that when an individual comes in contact with other people, that individual will attempt to control or guide the impression that others might make of him by changing or fixing his or her setting, appearance and manner. At the same time, the person the individual is interacting with is trying to form and obtain information about the individual. The desired image or the desired self is the image one would like others to have of oneself. As stated by Leary and Kowalski, ‘The presentation of self among people tends to lean towards their desired selves and away from their undesired selves’ (Leary and Kowalski 1990). Since people’s desired selves and undesired selves presumably reflect their own values, they value particular characteristics and so they would desire to be a certain kind of person. Therefore, people usually convey corresponding image, which consists of those characteristics. Most of the impressions people want to form are to be liked by others. With this background, the present study attempts to examine the use of Facebook and its different tools used by participants to create and manage an online identity. The researcher also wants to explore relationship between self- presentation image conveyed on Facebook among individuals that they would tend to project certain behaviours in order to convey their desired image online. In the first phase, a quantitative approach was followed. A survey was conducted with 300 college-going students in Delhi to explore their engagements to manage their impressions by using different Facebook tools like posting photographs, status updates, joining groups and pages and displaying their likes on Facebook. The goal of this research is to ascertain the ways in which the college goers use Facebook tools to present themselves online, and to identify the consequences of these actions. Using qualitative approach, in the second phase, the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with 30 active Facebook users to provide insights into the decisions and analyse their use of Facebook sites to convey the desired image. Also, the relationship between the frequently used patterns on Facebook and types of self-presentation shaped were analysed. The findings establish which tools of Facebook are used to create and manage one’s identity and the consequences of online identity creation in relation to the management of diverse social networks.
Suq Al-Saray, Al-Mutanabbi Street and the book trade in Baghdad in the 1940s: A personal narrative
Authors: Karim Ghazi A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A personal narrative describing the selling and publishing of books in Baghdad in the 1940s in the old Suq Al Saray where virtually all bookshops were located at that time. The essay also includes consideration of Al Mutanabbi Street which became associated with the public marketing of books and other publications. It is shown that the period considered reflects on a society, city and a country that had many positive features such as cohesion, aspirations and strengths that have virtually little resemblance to the Iraq and Baghdad of recent decades.
The consistency of the Iraqi claims on Kuwait during the monarchy and the republic: 1921–1963
Authors: Al-Hamdi Mohaned 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait; this action was a shock to the rest of the world. However, this action was not unprecedented. Historically, Iraq has laid claim to Kuwait since before World War I. In this research, I discuss the main occurrences of and reasoning behind Iraq’s claims on Kuwait. The main objective of this research is to highlight the importance of incorporating the historical relationship between the two countries in research relating to Arab countries. Historically, economically and socially Iraq’s claim to Kuwait is not resolved. Therefore, the UN demarcation of the borders between the two neighbours should not lead us to believe that this dispute is buried forever.
Money or diversity? An implementation analysis of the Voluntary Transfer Program in St. Louis, 1999-2009
Authors: Grooms Ain A. 
Published: February 2016

A dual transfer program was created in 1983 in the St. Louis metropolitan area following a 1972 lawsuit brought upon the city, charging it with withholding an equal educational opportunity for Black students. Through this program, Black students from St. Louis City are provided with free transportation to one of 15 suburban school districts, and White students from the surrounding suburbs are eligible to attend city magnet schools. At its peak in 1999, enrollment reached approximately 15,000 students, of which over 13,500 were from St. Louis City. Following the lifting of the court order in 1999, suburban participation became voluntary and tuition reimbursements to the participating suburban districts were reduced. By 2009, program enrollment had fallen to approximately 7,000 students, of which 6,800 were from St. Louis City. Using critical policy analysis and a media framing analysis on almost 100 newspaper articles collected from four media outlets, this study found that, between 1999 and 2009, suburban implementation of the voluntary transfer program was largely affected by economic factors. Though the program is still in operation, and will continue through at least the 2018-2019 school year, this research raises important questions about the various factors that contribute to or hinder implementation of this long-running voluntary desegregation program.
Methodologies Used for Scaling-up From a Single Energy Production Unit to State Energy Sector
Authors: Cimdina Ginta , Timma Lelde , Veidenbergs Ivars , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In a well-functioning and sustainable national energy sector, each of its elements should function with maximum efficiency. To ensure maximum efficiency and study possible improvement of the sector, a scaling-up framework is presented in this work. The scaling-up framework means that the starting point is a CHP unit and its operation, the next step of aggregation is in a district heating network, followed by a municipal energy plan and finally leading to a low carbon strategy. In this framework the authors argue, that the successful, innovative practices developed and tested at the lower level of aggregation can be then transferred to the upper levels of aggregation, thus leading to a scaling-up effect of innovative practices. The work summarizes 12 methodologies used in the energy sector, by dividing these methodologies among the levels of aggregation in a scaling-up framework.
Life Cycle Cost of Solar Biomass Hybrid Dryer Systems for Cashew Drying of Nuts in India
Authors: Dhanushkodi Saravanan , H. Wilson Vincent , Sudhakar Kumarasamy 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Cashew nut farming in India is mostly carried out in small and marginal holdings. Energy consumption in the small scale cashew nut processing industry is very high and is mainly due to the high energy consumption of the drying process. The drying operation provides a lot of scope for energy saving and substitutions of other renewable energy sources. Renewable energy-based drying systems with loading capacity of 40 kg were proposed for application in small scale cashew nut processing industries. The main objective of this work is to perform economic feasibility of substituting solar, biomass and hybrid dryer in place of conventional steam drying for cashew drying. Four economic indicators were used to assess the feasibility of three renewable based drying technologies. The payback time was 1.58 yr. for solar, 1.32 for biomass and 1.99 for the hybrid drying system, whereas as the cost-benefit estimates were 5.23 for solar, 4.15 for biomass and 3.32 for the hybrid system. It was found that it is of paramount importance to develop solar biomass hybrid dryer for small scale processing industries.
Feasibility of Applying Clean Development Mechanism and GHGs Emission Reductions in the Gold Mining Industry: A Case of Thailand
Authors: Kittipongvises Suthirat 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
There is presently overwhelming scientific consensus that global climate change is indeed occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. An increasingly resource and carbon constrained world will continue to pose formidable challenges to major industries, including mining. Understanding the implications of climate change mitigation for the mining industry, however, remains limited. This paper presents the results of a feasibility study on the implementation of a clean development mechanism and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission reductions in the gold mining industry. It draws upon and extends the analysis of a case study conducted on gold mining operations in Thailand. The results from the case study indicated that total GHGs emissions by company A were approximately 36,886 tons carbon dioxide equivalents (tCO2e) per annual gold production capacity that meet the eligibility criteria for small-scaled clean development mechanism (CDM) projects. The electrostatic separation process was found to release the lowest amount of GHGs, whereas comminution (i.e. crushing and grinding) generated the highest GHGs emissions. By scope, the emission from purchased electricity (scope 2) is the most significant source. Opportunities for CDM projects implementation in the gold mining sector can be found in employing energy efficiency measures. Through innovation, some technical efficiency and technological development in gold processing (i.e. high pressure grinding rolls (HPGR), vertical roller mills (VRM), gravity pre-concentration and microwave heating technologies) that have the potential to reduce energy use and also lower carbon footprint of the gold mining were further discussed. The evidence reviews found that HPGR and VRM abatement technologies have shown energy and climate benefits as electricity savings and CO2 reduction of about 8-25.93 kWh/ton ore processed and 1.8-26.66 kgCO2/ton ore processed, respectively. Implications for further research and practice were finally raised.
Waste-to-biomethane Concept Application: A Case Study of Valmiera City in Latvia
Authors: Barisa Aiga , Dzene Ilze , Rosa Marika , Dobraja Kristine 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The current needs of sustainable urban development are rising. As the transport sector expands, emissions continue to rise. Due to their negative impact on human health and the environment, air quality requirements are becoming more and more stringent. At the same time, the amount of waste is increasing. Europe Union policies attempt to relieve the pressure that these two stressors place on urban systems as they themselves expand. Today different solutions are available to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, increase air quality and improve waste management systems. Among them, waste-to-biomethane for use in urban systems deserves more attention. The paper focuses on application of the concept of waste-to-biomethane and the case study of Valmiera is evaluated. The results show that the application of the waste-to-biomethane strategy can contribute to a complete substitution of diesel fuel in urban buses and gives savings of around 1,000 tCO2/year. The price of the biomethane was found to be the most sensitive input factor. It is suggested that it should not exceed 0.40 EUR/Nm3 for a fuel conversion project of a fleet of 10 vehicles. Such a price can be ensured, if dry fermentation technology is chosen for biogas production. However, from the sustainability perspective, wet fermentation is more preferable due to the introduction of a source-separated organic waste management system in the region and higher gas yields. Introduction of this alternative requires additional funds which is a question of policy-level decisions.
Approaches to the Organization of the Energy Efficient Activity at the Regional Level in the Context of Limited Budget Resources during the Transformation of Energy Market Paradigm
Authors: Vakulenko Ihor , Myroshnychenko Iuliia 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The research is devoted to the problem of the assessment of the integrated projects investment efficiency, energy saving and energy efficiency measures for social and municipal buildings within the course aimed at the reduction of the natural gas consumption and its replacement by alternative fuel types, that is important for a number of European countries, and Ukraine in particular. The objectives of the research are as follows: comparative assessment of the quality of integrated and element-by-element approaches to energy saving encompassing investment, environmental, social and organizational aspects; the formulation of practical recommendations to improve the efficiency of development and implementation of integrated programs in the field of energy saving and energy efficiency. It is proposed to use the methodology of system analysis with the elements of deduction that is practical and that allows to set key factors that influence the processes of energy replacement and energy efficiency increase, as well as factors that constrain them.
Thermogravimetric and Kinetic Analysis of Melon (Citrullus colocynthis L.) Seed Husk Using the Distributed Activation Energy Model
Authors: Nyakuma Bemgba Bevan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This study seeks to characterize the thermochemical fuel properties of melon seed husk (MSH) as a potential biomass feedstock for clean energy and power generation. It examined the ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and thermal decomposition of MSH. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis was examined at 5, 10, 20 °C/min from 30-800 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. Subsequently, the Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM) was applied to determine the activation energy, E, and frequency factor, A. The results revealed that thermal decomposition of MSH occurs in three (3) stages; drying (30-150 °C), devolatization (150-400 °C) and char degradation (400-800 °C). Kinetic analysis revealed that the E values fluctuated from 145.44-300 kJ/mol (Average E = 193 kJ/mol) while A ranged from 2.64 × 1010 to 9.18 × 1020 min-1 (Average E = 9.18 × 1019 min-1) highlighting the complexity of MSH pyrolysis. The fuel characterization and kinetics of MSH showed it is an environmentally friendly solid biofuel for future thermal biomass conversion.
The consequences and effects of language transformations in legal discourse
Authors: Nuessel Frank 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe discursive use of language in legal contexts is multifaceted and complex. First, it begins with the chain of oral narrative structures (victim, witness, suspect accounts) and written texts (confessions, notes, depositions, letters, Internet documents, email, tweets, telephone records) used in a court of law. The transcription of oral communiqués is a potentially transformative phase of evidence production that may be flawed (ambiguity, error, mistakes, gaps, misrepresentation). Second, it includes or/excludes the textual and narrative representation of nonverbal communication (kinesics, paralanguage, proxemics) and how it is recorded (transcripts, graphics, video, enactments). At each stage of the legal process, interpretation of narrative structures and texts plays a key role in the ultimate meaning of verbal and nonverbal communication. Third, it concerns interrogation strategies and tactics in preliminary evidence gathering as well as in the courtroom. Fourth, it involves translation of documents written in another language or interpretation of oral statements in another language to the language of the courtroom.
Finite Systems Handling Language (YAFOLL message 1)
Authors: Shkotin Alex 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The concept a finite multi-carrier algebraic system (FMAS) as well as a language for handling systems such as YAFOLL (Yet Another First Order Logic Language) are introduced. The applicability of such systems to building a mathematical model of a part of reality, i.e. a mathematical structure that can be asked questions about the properties of subject domain objects and processes, is demonstrated.
Poland: A Dark Side of Church Cultural Policy
Authors: Szocik Konrad , Szyja Aneta 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The cultural policy of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland is incorporated into state-run cultural policies. The organs of public authority enforce the objectives of Church regardless of Church’s actual ability to influence the society. It should be pointed out that the secularization of religion in Poland is frequently misinterpreted and usually equated with its deprivatization. It is worth mentioning that Catholicism is the dominant religion of the country and the Roman Catholic Church has hold a special position in Poland and play a major role in the country’s social and political life. In practice, however, Polish society appears to be religiously indifferent. This paper proves that the official, state-run cultural policy in Poland is based on favoritism of the Roman Catholic Church, regardless of Church’s actual ability to wield influence on society. Thus, there is a variety of implicit and explicit cultural policies implemented by the authorities to support Church. This work also aims at addressing the question of social attitudes to women, especially the one concerning the UN and EU law embracing women’s rights, until recently still not implemented in Poland. This paper further explores some peculiarities of this topic as an example of a specific outcome of Church cultural policy and its impact on both the past and present-day society.
Die Differenzierung der Religion
Authors: Vanderstraeten Raf 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Text bietet eine kritische Rekonstruktion der Spätarbeiten Talcott Parsons’ zum Thema der Religion. Der Schwerpunkt des Textes liegt auf Parsons’ differenzierungstheoretischer Analyse des Christentums. Nach Parsons geht die zunehmende Differenzierung spezialisierter gesellschaftlicher Teilsysteme nicht mit dem Verlust religiöser Deutungsmuster zugunsten weltlicher oder säkularer Handlungsorientierungen einher. Im Gegenteil kann gerade die Differenzierung der Religion die gesellschaftliche Relevanz dieses Teilsystems verstärken. Parsons betonte insbesondere die stark interventionistische oder aktivistische Orientierung des Christentums sowie die Bedeutsamkeit seiner ›historischen Mission‹, die Welt zu transformieren und das Königreich Gottes auf Erden zu errichten. Er wies auch auf Differenzierungsprozesse im Christentum selbst hin, insbesondere auf die Differenzierung zwischen geistlicher Kommunikation (z.B. im Gottesdienst) und einer generalisierten christlichen Ethik der Nächstenliebe (Zivilreligion). Aus Parsons’ Sicht könnte die Institutionalisierung einer verbindenden Zivilreligion die zentrifugalen Konsequenzen der Differenzierung korrigieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund können auch Niklas Luhmanns Analysen der Ausdifferenzierung der Religion in der modernen Gesellschaft besser verstanden werden.
On some characterizations of strong power
graphs of finite groups
Authors: Bhuniya A. K. , Bera Sudip 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Let G be a finite group of order n. The strong power graph Ps(G) of G is the undirected graph whose
vertices are the elements of G such that two distinct vertices a and b are adjacent if am1=bm2 for some positive
integers m1, m2 < n. In this article we classify all groups G for which Ps(G) is a line graph. Spectrum and
permanent of the Laplacian matrix of the strong power graph Ps(G) are found for any finite group G.
Erfolgreiches Marketing im Retail-Banking
Authors: Kohlleppel Laurenz 
Published: February 2016

Das Geschäftsmodell der Sparda-Banken - die Fokussierung auf das standardisierte Privatkundengeschäft – ist mit der Wiederentdeckung des Retail-Bankings Gegen­stand breiter Aufmerksamkeit geworden. Die Sparda-Banken verfügen über Erfahrung und Tradition mit diesem Geschäftsmodell, die im heutigen Wettbewerbsumfeld ihresgleichen suchen.
Welche Implikationen die aktuelle Wettbewerbssituation insbesondere für das Marketing der Sparda-Banken aufweist, wie sich die gruppenübergreifende Marketingarbeit gestaltet und sich in die regionale Geschäftspolitik der Sparda-Banken einfügt – dies sind Punkte, die im Verlauf dieses Beitrags thematisiert werden.
Raiffeisen 21: „Neue Solidarität" im gesellschaftlichen Umfeld - Herausforderung und Chance für Unternehmen und Mitglieder
Authors: Brixner Jörg 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Das schon immer hohe Engagement von Raiffeisengenossenschaften für gesellschaftliche Belange gilt es durch „neue Solidarität“ zeitgemäß fortzuentwickeln. Leitlinien für die Genossenschaftspraxis machen beispielhaft deutlich, wie durch positive Rückwirkungen aus dem gesellschaftlichen Umfeld die Förderfähigkeit gestärkt wird und die Mitglieder dadurch wirksamer gefördert werden.
Seniorengenossenschaften - Selbsthilfegruppen mit Entwicklungspotenzial
Authors: Köstler Ursula 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Seniorengenossenschaften praktizieren eine ursprüngliche soziale Hilfeform der gegenseitigen Unterstützung, welche die Forderung nach einer aktiven Bürgergesellschaft mit mehr Selbstbestimmung und Selbstorganisation umsetzt. Die Basis bilden langfristige generalisierte Reziprozität, soziales Vertrauen und zwischenmenschliche, gabeorientierte Kooperation innerhalb eines Beziehungsnetzes. Eine explorative Feldstudie des Kölner Seminars für Genossenschaftswesen unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Frank Schulz-Nieswandt befragte Seniorengenossenschaften als innovatives Konzept der Selbsthilfe.
Rechtsform der eingetragenen Genossenschaft: warum früher, warum heute?
Authors: Geschwandtner Marcus 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die einzige unerlässliche Besonderheit jeder eG ist die Art und Weise der Mitgliederförderung. Sie erfolgt seit 1867 mittels eines gemeinschaftlichen Geschäftsbetriebs, dessen Kunden die Mitglieder zugleich sind. Das genossenschaftliche Unternehmen ist zwingend auf die Mitglieder und deren Förderbelange auszurichten und nach dem Selbstkostenprinzip zu betreiben. Der Vorstand ist verpflichtet, Nichtmitglieder im Förderzweckgeschäftsverkehr ungleich zu behandeln. Kommt eine eG dem dauerhaft nicht nach, gehört sie aufgelöst, ersatzweise steht ihr ein Rechtsformwechsel offen.
Die Zukunft der gewerblichen Genossenschaften und der genossenschaftlichen Verbände
Authors: Schulte Günther 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung
Internationalisierung, Konzentration, permanente Leistungsverbesserung und hohe Akzeptanz seitens der mittelständischen Anschlusshäuser sichern eine positive Entwicklung der gewerblichen Genossenschaften. Die genossenschaftlichen Verbände müssen sich auf höhere Anforderungen in Prüfung und Beratung einstellen und ihr Angebot strukturell zukunftsorientiert und wettbewerbskonform ausrichten.
Potenzial im Treasury durch Strategische Asset Allocation für Genossenschaftsbanken
Authors: Krob Bernhard , Grob Andreas 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung
Durch den zunehmenden Druck auf die Kundengeschäftsmarge hat das Geschäftsfeld Treasury in den vergangenen Jahren, bezogen auf das Gesamtergebnis, erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird eine systematische Allokationsentscheidung auf Gesamtbankebene immer wichtiger, um einen möglichst stabilen Ergebnisbeitrag aus der Vermögensallokation zu erreichen. Hierfür können bereits wenige Anlageklassen mit relativ einfachen Anlagestrategien ausreichen.