bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the pragmatic language skills of children with ADHD and typically developing playmates following a pilot parent‐delivered play‐based intervention
Authors: Cordier Reinie , Munro Natalie , Wilkes‐Gillan Sarah , Ling Lydia , Docking Kimberley , Pearce Wendy 
Published: May 2016

Background/aimChildren with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often present with pragmatic language deficits and difficulties with peer–peer friendships. Parents and typically developing peers (TDPs) may be able to assist via parent and peer‐mediated intervention approaches when adequately supported by trained adult facilitators. This study investigated whether a parent‐delivered play‐based intervention supported by occupational therapists and speech language pathologists was feasible and improved the pragmatic language skills of children with ADHD and their TDPs.MethodsNine children with ADHD paired with nine TDPs (mean age = 8.2 years) participated. The seven‐week intervention was delivered by parents of children with ADHD at their home and consisted of weekly assigned home‐based modules, supported play‐dates between the pairs of children and supplemented by three clinic visits. Parent adherence to intervention activity was monitored on a weekly basis. Blinded ratings of observed peer–peer play interactions were used to detect changes in pragmatic language from pre–post intervention and one month follow‐up using the Pragmatic Observation Measure (POM).ResultsAll parents reported completing the seven weekly home‐based modules and attended all clinic visits. Significant improvements in observed pragmatic language skills were found from pre‐follow‐up for both the ADHD and TDP children and pre–post for the ADHD children.ConclusionThe preliminary findings suggest that using parents to facilitate their child's pragmatic language skills was a feasible intervention approach with parents acting as agents of change to improve the pragmatic language of their children. This exploratory study identifies the need for further large‐scale research to address the pragmatic language skills of children with ADHD using parent‐delivery in a play‐based, peer–peer context.
Outcome of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantion in eyes with pseudoexfoliation and weak zonules
Authors: Shingleton Bradford J. , Neo Yan Ning , Cvintal Victor , Shaikh Alicia Marvin , Liberman Paulina , O'Donoghue Mark W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the results of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in eyes with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) and zonular weakness.MethodsTwo hundred and ninety‐five patients (295 eyes) were recruited. This study is a retrospective case review of 143PEXeyes with preoperative (Group 1) and intraoperative (Group 2) signs of zonular weakness, 76PEXeyes (Group 3) and 76 non‐PEXeyes without zonular weakness (Group 4) undergoing phacoemulsification andIOLimplantation performed by single surgeon from year 1988 to 2010. Outcome measures included frequency of postoperative pseudophakodonesis, anterior capsule contraction andIOLdecentration/dislocation. Postoperative vision, intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma medication requirements were also assessed. A subanalysis on identical postoperative outcomes of capsular tension ring (CTR) implantation was performed. Comparisons were made for 52PEXeyes with zonular weakness receiving nonsuturedCTRimplantation (Group A), 91PEXeyes with zonular weakness not receivingCTRimplantation (Group B) and 142PEXeyes without zonular weakness (Group C).ResultsMean follow‐up was 4.08 ± 0.48 years and maximum was 8.3 years. Both Groups 1 and 2 showed higher incidence of complications than Groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.01). Vision,IOPand glaucoma medication requirements were similar postoperatively for all four groups. Groups A and B had a significantly higher proportion of postoperative complications than Group C (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in risk of developing these complications between Groups A and B (p = 0.64).ConclusionPostoperative complication rates are higher inPEXeyes with preoperative and/or intraoperative signs of zonular weakness undergoing phacoemulsification. NonsuturedCTRimplantation does not preventIOLand capsular complications postoperatively.
Changes in muscle fiber type and expression of mRNA of myosin heavy chain isoforms in porcine muscle during pre‐ and postnatal development
Authors: Katsumata Masaya , Yamaguchi Tomomi , Ishida Aiko , Ashihara Akane 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to elucidate developmental changes in muscle fiber type in the pig during pre‐ and postnatal development. For this purpose, we performed a histochemical analysis for myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity to assess muscle fiber type and determined abundances of messenger RNA (mRNA) of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. Samples of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were taken from fetuses on day 90 of the fetal stage. Further, samples of LD, Rhomboideus and Biceps femoris (B. femoris) muscles were taken from pigs when they were 1, 12, 26, 45 or 75 days old. Expression of MHC 2b mRNA in the LD and the B. femoris muscles rapidly and considerably increased from the late fetal stage to the early postnatal stage and this increase was associated with the development of type 2b fibers at least in the LD muscle. As shown by the rapid and considerable changes in expression of MHC 2b mRNA, it seems that a certain plasticity of muscle fiber type still remains in this developmental stage.
A 16q12.2q21 deletion identified in a patient with developmental delay, epilepsy, short stature, and distinctive features
Authors: Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Shimojima Keiko , Yamazaki Sawako , Ikeno Kanju , Tohyama Jun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInterstitial deletions of the 16q centromeric region are rarely reported. A microdeletion of the 16q12.2q21 region was identified in a patient with intellectual disability, epilepsy, short stature, and distinctive features; including up‐slanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, anteverted nares, simple philtrum, thin upper lip vermilion, high arched palate, posteriorly rotated ears, and overlapping toes in his right foot. Although the deleted region includes the genes responsible for neurological impairments (GNOA1, GPR56, KATNB1, and BBS2), haploinsufficiency of these genes would not be associated with the patient's phenotype. When NDRG4, present in the deleted region, was knocked out in mice, these mice exhibited spatial learning deficits. Thus, we hypothesize that this gene could be a potential candidate underlying the neurological observations of the patient. Because RSPRY1 was been discovered as the cause of progressive skeletal dysplasia, a loss of this gene might explain the skeletal defects observed in the patient.
Stylized Caustics: Progressive Rendering of Animated Caustics
Authors: Günther Tobias , Rohmer Kai , Rössl Christian , Grosch Thorsten , Theisel Holger 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn recent years, much work was devoted to the design of light editing methods such as relighting and light path editing. So far, little work addressed the target‐based manipulation and animation of caustics, for instance to a differently‐shaped caustic, text or an image. The aim of this work is the animation of caustics by blending towards a given target irradiance distribution. This enables an artist to coherently change appearance and style of caustics, e.g., for marketing applications and visual effects. Generating a smooth animation is nontrivial, as photon density and caustic structure may change significantly. Our method is based on the efficient solution of a discrete assignment problem that incorporates constraints appropriate to make intermediate blends plausibly resemble caustics. The algorithm generates temporally coherent results that are rendered with stochastic progressive photon mapping. We demonstrate our system in a number of scenes and show blends as well as a key frame animation.
Regularizing Image Reconstruction for Gradient‐Domain Rendering with Feature Patches
Authors: Manzi M. , Vicini D. , Zwicker M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present a novel algorithm to reconstruct high‐quality images from sampled pixels and gradients in gradient‐domain Rendering. Our approach extends screened Poisson reconstruction by adding additional regularization constraints. Our key idea is to exploit local patches in feature images, which contain per‐pixels normals, textures, position, etc., to formulate these constraints. We describe a GPU implementation of our approach that runs on the order of seconds on megapixel images. We demonstrate a significant improvement in image quality over screened Poisson reconstruction under the L1 norm. Because we adapt the regularization constraints to the noise level in the input, our algorithm is consistent and converges to the ground truth.
SAH guided spatial split partitioning for fast BVH construction
Authors: Ganestam Per , Doggett Michael 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present a new SAH guided approach to subdividing triangles as the scene is coarsely partitioned into smaller sets of spatially coherent triangles. Our triangle split approach is integrated into the partitioning stage of a fast BVH construction algorithm, but may as well be used as a stand alone pre‐split pass. Our algorithm significantly reduces the number of split triangles compared to previous methods, while at the same time improving ray tracing performance compared to competing fast BVH construction techniques. We compare performance on Intel's Embree ray tracer and show that BVH construction with our splitting algorithm is always faster than Embree's pre‐split construction algorithm. We also show that our algorithm builds significantly improved quality trees that deliver higher ray tracing performance. Our algorithm is implemented into Embree's open source ray tracing framework, and the source code will be released late 2015.
First‐line use of rituximab correlates with increased overall survival in late post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: retrospective, single‐centre study
Authors: Martínez‐Calle Nicolás , Alfonso Ana , Rifón José , Herrero Ignacio , Errasti Pedro , Rábago Gregorio , Merino Juana , Panizo Ángel , Pardo Javier , Prósper Felipe , García‐Muñoz Ricardo , Lecumberri Ramón , Panizo Carlos 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis retrospective study evaluates the impact of rituximab on PTLD response and survival in a single‐centre cohort. PTLD cases between 1984 and 2009, including heart, kidney, liver and lung transplant recipients, were included. Survival was analysed taking into account the type of PTLD (monomorphic vs. polymorphic), EBV infection status, IPI score, Ann Arbor stage and use of rituximab. Among 1335 transplanted patients, 24 developed PTLD. Median age was 54 yr (range 29–69), median time to diagnosis 50 months (range 0–100). PTLD type was predominantly late/monomorphic (79% and 75%), mostly diffuse large B‐cell type. Overall response rate (ORR) was 62% (66% rituximab vs. 50% non‐rituximab; P = 0.5). R‐CHOP‐like regimens were used most frequently (72% of patients treated with rituximab). Median overall survival was 64 months (CI 95% 31–96). OS was significantly increased in patients treated with rituximab (P = 0.01; CI 95% rituximab 58–79 months; non‐rituximab 1–30 months). Post‐transplant immunosuppression regimen had no effect on survival or time to PTLD, except for cyclosporine A (CyA), which associated with increased time to PTLD (P = 0.02). Rituximab was associated with increased survival in our single‐centre series, and it should be considered as first‐line therapy for PTLD patients. The possible protective effect of CyA for development of PTLD should be prospectively evaluated.
The importance of the timescale of the fitness metric for estimates of selection on phenotypic traits during a period of demographic change
Authors: Scranton Katherine , Lummaa Virpi , Stearns Stephen C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough fitness is central to the evolutionary process, metrics vary by timescale. Different timescales may give rise to different estimates of selection, especially during demographic transitions caused by rapid environmental and socioeconomic change. In this study, we used a dataset of a human population in Finland from 1775 to 1950 to compare two fitness metrics and their estimates of selection pressures, before and during a demographic transition. Both metrics, lifetime reproductive success and an annual metric of individual performance, declined while selection on the ages at first and last reproduction remained nearly constant, favouring individuals with wider reproductive windows. The ability to partition the annual metric into contributions from reproduction and survival revealed the short‐term effects of a famine and the reversal of selection pressure via the survival component of annual fitness. Although the metrics generally agreed, the annual metric detected the effects of environmental variation and demographic change occurring within a generation.
Parents Plus Systemic, Solution‐Focused Parent Training Programs: Description, Review of the Evidence Base, and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Carr Alan , Hartnett Dan , Brosnan Eileen , Sharry John 
Published: May 2016

Parents Plus (PP) programs are systemic, solution‐focused, group‐based interventions. They are designed for delivery in clinical and community settings as treatment programs for families with child‐focused problems, such as behavioral difficulties, disruptive behavior disorders, and emotional disorders in young people with and without developmental disabilities. PP programs have been developed for families of preschoolers, preadolescent children, and teenagers, as well as for separated or divorced families. Seventeen evaluation studies involving over 1,000 families have shown that PP programs have a significant impact on child behavior problems, goal attainment, and parental satisfaction and stress. The effect size of 0.57 (p < .001) from a meta‐analysis of 10 controlled studies for child behavior problems compares favorably with those of meta‐analyses of other well‐established parent training programs with large evidence bases. In controlled studies, PP programs yielded significant (p < .001) effect sizes for goal attainment (d = 1.51), parental satisfaction (d = 0.78), and parental stress reduction (d = 0.54). PP programs may be facilitated by trained front‐line mental health and educational professionals.
Pet dogs and child physical activity: the role of child–dog attachment
Authors: Gadomski A. M. , Scribani M. B. , Krupa N. , Jenkins P. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundDog ownership has been associated with increased physical activity in children which in turn may mitigate childhood obesity.ObjectiveTo measure the association between child–dog attachment and child physical activity and screen time.MethodsCross‐sectional study including 370 children (ages 4–10) who had pet dogs in the home. Parents completed the DartScreen, a web‐based screener, before a well‐child visit. Screener domains included child body mass index (BMI), physical activity, screen time and dog‐related questions. The Companion Animal Bonding Scale (CABS) was used to measure child attachment to the dog. Clinic nurses weighed and measured the children. Associations between CABS, BMI z‐score, screen time and physical activity were estimated.ResultsCABS was strongly associated with time spent being active with the dog (F = 22.81, p < 0.0001), but not with BMI z‐score or screen time.ConclusionsA higher level of child attachment to a pet dog is associated with increased child physical activity.
Recovery Camp: Assisting consumers toward enhanced self‐determination
Authors: Taylor Ellie , Perlman Dana , Moxham Lorna , Pegg Shane , Patterson Christopher , Brighton Renee , Sumskis Susan , Heffernan Tim 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMental health consumers are often socially isolated and may lack the basic leisure competencies which serve as a critical building block for community (re)integration. Therapeutic recreation (TR), as a treatment modality for people with mental illness, is yet to be fully embraced in the Australian health‐care setting, despite having a strong historical foundation in North America. A team of academics created a TR experience, termed Recovery Camp, which was designed to collectively engage consumers and future health professionals drawn from a range of discipline areas.The 2014 Recovery Camp was staged over a five day period and involved 28 adult consumers living with mental illness. Consumers undertook a diverse range of experiential recreation activities engineered to facilitate individual engagement and to encourage the development of positive therapeutic relationships and teamwork. The camp atmosphere was deliberately community‐based and recovery‐oriented, valuing the lived experience of mental illness.Using a 2 × 3 design involving a camp and comparison group, the study sought to examine the influence of a TR programme on the self‐determination of individuals with a mental illness. Those who participated in the Recovery Camp reported an increase in awareness of self and perceived choice post‐camp, relative to the comparison group. While this difference remained significant for awareness of self at three‐month follow‐up, there was no significant difference in perceived choice between the two groups at follow‐up. Study findings serve to support the role of recreation within a recovery framework to positively change the health‐related behaviour of mental health consumers.
Pension reforms in Chile and social security principles, 1981–2015
Authors: Mesa‐Lago Carmelo , Bertranou Fabio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractChile pioneered in Latin America not only the introduction of social security pensions, but the structural reform that privatized them and a process of “re‐reform” implementing key improvements. A Presidential Commission in Chile, appointed in 2014 to evaluate reform progress and remaining problems in the pension system, released its report in September 2015. In light of the Commission's findings, the article assesses Chile's compliance with International Labour Organization social security guiding principles: social dialogue, universal coverage, equal treatment, social solidarity, gender equity, adequacy of benefits, efficiency and affordable administrative cost, social participation in management, state role and supervision, and financial sustainability. The exercise follows three stages: the structural reform (1981–2008), the re‐reform (2008–2015), and the Presidential Commission proposals (2015)
Dual agency in critical care nursing: Balancing responsibilities towards colleagues and patients
Authors: Trapani Josef , Scholes Julie , Cassar Maria 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo explore critical care nurses' decisions to seek help from doctors.BackgroundDespite their well‐documented role in improving critically ill patients' outcomes, research indicates that nurses rarely take decisions about patients' treatment modalities on their own and constantly need to seek advice or authorization for their clinical decisions, even for protocol‐guided actions. However, research around the factors related to, and the actual process of, such referrals is limited.DesignA grounded theory study, underpinned by a symbolic interactionist perspective.MethodsData collection took place in a general intensive care unit between 2010 – 2012 and involved: 20 hours of non‐participant and 50 hours of participant observation; ten informal and ten formal interviews; and two focus groups with ten nurses, selected by purposive and theoretical sampling. Data analysis was guided by the dimensional analysis approach to generating grounded theory.FindingsNurses' decisions to seek help from doctors involve weighing up several occasionally conflicting motivators. A central consideration is that of balancing their moral obligation to safeguard patients' interests with their duty to respect doctors' authority. Subsequently, nurses end up in a position of dual agency as they need to concurrently act as an agent to medical practitioners and patients.ConclusionNurses' dual agency relationship with patients and doctors may deter their moral obligation of keeping patients' interest as their utmost concern. Nurse leaders and educators should, therefore, enhance nurses' assertiveness, courage and skills to place patients' interest at the forefront of all their actions and interactions.
Assessment of the suitability of using a forehead EEG electrode set and chin EMG electrodes for sleep staging in polysomnography
Authors: Myllymaa Sami , Muraja‐Murro Anu , Westeren‐Punnonen Susanna , Hukkanen Taina , Lappalainen Reijo , Mervaala Esa , Töyräs Juha , Sipilä Kirsi , Myllymaa Katja 
Published: May 2016

SummaryRecently, a number of portable devices designed for full polysomnography at home have appeared. However, current scalp electrodes used for electroencephalograms are not practical for patient self‐application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of recently introduced forehead electroencephalogram electrode set and supplementary chin electromyogram electrodes for sleep staging. From 31 subjects (10 male, 21 female; age 31.3 ± 11.8 years), sleep was recorded simultaneously with a forehead electroencephalogram electrode set and with a standard polysomnography setup consisting of six recommended electroencephalogram channels, two electrooculogram channels and chin electromyogram. Thereafter, two experienced specialists scored each recording twice, based on either standard polysomnography or forehead recordings. Sleep variables recorded with the forehead electroencephalogram electrode set and separate chin electromyogram electrodes were highly consistent with those obtained with the standard polysomnography. There were no statistically significant differences in total sleep time, sleep efficiency or sleep latencies. However, compared with the standard polysomnography, there was a significant increase in the amount of stage N1 and N2, and a significant reduction in stage N3 and rapid eye movement sleep. Overall, epoch‐by‐epoch agreement between the methods was 79.5%. Inter‐scorer agreement for the forehead electroencephalogram was only slightly lower than that for standard polysomnography (76.1% versus 83.2%). Forehead electroencephalogram electrode set as supplemented with chin electromyogram electrodes may serve as a reliable and simple solution for recording total sleep time, and may be adequate for measuring sleep architecture. Because this electrode concept is well suited for patient's self‐application, it may offer a significant advancement in home polysomnography.