bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barrier Management in Operation for the Rig Industry – A Joint Industry Project
Authors: Jonassen Øyvind , Sjølie Ellen 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Effective barrier management is by most considered the fundamental principle for prevention and mitigation of major accidents in offshore drilling and production operations. The Rig Industry in Norway has long traditions when it comes to managing safety and assets, but previously no common practise amongst all the Rig Owners for how to meet the Norwegian regulatory requirements, was previously established.
Barrier management taps into safety and asset management practices by providing a more structured, integrated and systematic approach to managing major accident risk. To understand how the Rig Owner's can best prevent major accidents; focal persons from all the rig companies operating in Norway were involved in this project. During these workshops, all involved parties discussed and expressed their issues of concern, challenges and needs of the industry. Company specific information was openly shared, with the intention that it would be possible to learn from previous situations – to bring the business forward. By defining applicable terminology and explaining the rationale of barrier management, a framework was established as well as an understanding of how this could be implemented. First, definitions of relevant terminology were established, before the rationale of barrier management was explained. A framework was then developed, describing good pracitises for implemention of barrier management solutions in operations and how barrier performance can be maintained, including description of methods, tools and activities for systematic implementation.
The resulting barrier management framework can be used to support communication, consensus, decision making and action across technical disciplines and organizational boundaries. It has also given rig owners in Norway a common understanding and approach on how to meet the Petroleum Safety Authority expectations, and how to implement and manage barriers in daily operation to prevent major accidents.
Design and Application of High Temperature Seawater Based Fracturing Fluids in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlMubarak Tariq , AlKhaldi Mohammed , AlGhamdi Abdulaziz 
Published: March 2016

Typically, water-based fracturing treatments consume large volume of fresh water. Additionally, providing consistent fresh water sources is difficult and sometimes not feasible especially in remote areas and offshore. Therefore, several seawater tolerant guar gum-based fracturing fluids have been developed in efforts to preserve fresh water resources. However, none of these fluids meet the current requirements of preventing/minimizing fracture face skin and proppant conductivity impairment especially in unconventional wells in Saudi Arabia. This paper will go provide the process of resolving this issue.Several experiments, tweaking and design iterations were conducted to tailor seawater-based fracturing fluids. These fluids were designed to have rheological properties that can carry and transport proppant under dynamic and static conditions. The optimized seawater based fracturing fluid recipes were developed such that no chemical scaling occurs when their filtrate is mixed with different formation brines. The tests were conducted utilizing HPHT viscometer, coreflood, zeta potential and aging cells at reservoir conditions.The developed seawater-based fracturing fluids were optimized, with a viscosity above 200 cP at a shear rate of 100 S-1 and a temperature of 300°F. The use of polymeric scale inhibitors prevented the severe calcium sulfate scaling in mixtures of seawater and formation water at 250 and 300°F. Furthermore, designing a lower pH fracturing fluid prevented magnesium and calcium hydroxide scaling that occurred above pH of 9.5. It was also realized that some common scale inhibitors had negative impact on seawater viscosity due to its inevitable ability of chelating the crosslinker's zirconate ions. The developed seawater-based fracturing fluid was applied for the first time in conventional and unconventional wells in Saudi Arabia and showed very promising results which will be discussed in this paper.
Coiled Tubing Excitation Technology Leads to Greater Reach in the Wellbore
Authors: Benson A. , Elfar T. , Sew B. , Wijoseno D. A. , Devan T. , Manaf N. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Intervention operations using coiled tubing (CT) continue to be one of the fastest growing segments of the oil and gas industry. Over recent years, global shale exploration has demanded the need for continuous advances in technology to reach deeper, faster, more efficiently, and with the least amount of non-productive time.
The topic of this paper is specific to extended reach technology, and explains how an innovative tool that generates pressure pulses and transmits axial vibrations along the CT will improve weight transfer, reduce CT to wellbore friction, allow for more efficient CT applications, and allow CT intervention to reach depths not otherwise possible with conventional tool strings.
Case histories have shown that this proven technology has allowed CT operations to achieve significantly better results than anticipated. The technology has allowed for successful intervention and expanded the operating window of coiled tubing assemblies, ultimately resulting in a greater return on investment for the operator.
Continued need for robust technology with high durability and shorter tool length continues to be key for all new CT tool designs. Therefore, as coiled tubing intervention continues to move into more technically challenging areas, it is crucial that the industry learn from today and continue to engineer for tomorrow.
Improved Understanding of Foundation Strength for Piled Offshore Structures
Authors: Bucknell J. , Chen K. , Lamb A. R. , Gunn M. , Nichols N. W. , Ng S. M. , Khan R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Within the oil and gas industry major inconsistencies have been found in the correlation of predicted pile response using design code prescribed methods and the measured response from installed on-line monitoring systems. This paper presents the first phase of a study conducted to determine whether a finite element continuum model which uses an elasto-plastic constitutive soil model can better determine the measured/observed response of piled offshore platforms.
The first phase of the study entailed a comparison of the measured natural period of an existing platform to the natural period determined numerically using a dynamic eigenvalue analysis with nonlinear soil springs. Sensitivity studies were also conducted to identify how modelled parameters such as topsides mass, conductor mass and marine growth affected the calculated natural period of an existing platform. Single pile models were also developed for detailed finite element (FE) analyses using the nonlinear springs (API soil springs) and a continuum soil model with the soil properties defined using the Mohr-Coulomb plasticity constitutive soil model.
The results of the analyses have confirmed industry observations that, even accounting for the various parameters considered in the sensitivity studies, the design code derived soil springs show poor correlation to the measured response of the jacket. The dominant reason for this is the lateral stiffness (p-y) of the API derived soil springs which required an amplification factor in the range of 8-10 to obtain a suitable correlation to the measured jacket response.
The continuum model demonstrated a significantly improved correlation between the numerically derived pile response and the measured data. The numerical representation of the soil-pile interaction described in this paper provides a more realistic determination of the structural response of the modelled platform. The results obtained have major implications for both the design and assessment of offshore structures. An increased lateral soil stiffness will largely eliminate the foundation failures predicted by conventional ultimate strength assessments and improve correlation to observed post hurricane structural performance.
In the case of platform risk assessments, this improved representation of the soil-pile interaction will reduce the industry observed excessive conservatism in the prediction of failure probabilities of existing offshore facilities. In extreme cases, platforms have had to be strengthened or even removed based on predictions of foundation failures that were inconsistent with measured (OLM systems) and observed performance (hurricane survivals). Based on the results obtained from the first phase of this study, further work is planned to validate the FE continuum approach single pile model and finally provide a numerical solution for pile-soil interaction which can be easily adopted by practicing engineers in the oil and gas industry.
Mid Depth Buoys Design for Long Life Using Syntactic Foam Buoyancy, Redundant and Replaceable Tether Systems
Authors: Aberle G. E. , Christensen L. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Riser systems utilize various configurations depending on water depth, size, quantity, environment etc. In the Ichthys development, three systems are utilized, Fixed-S, Lazy-S and Lazy-Wave system. The riser system design [1] and the riser support structure [2] in the Fixed-S configuration are the subject of other papers and the current paper is related to the mid depth buoys in the Lazy-S configurations.
Two large MDBs each supporting five risers were designed for the initial phase of the development, one for each mooring sector of a Floating Production Storage and Offloading vessel (FPSO) which has a 3×7 mooring system.
Each MDB is moored to a gravity base via primary chain and redundant, secondary polyester tether systems. Large syntactic foam modules supported in a latticed buoy structure space frame provide the buoyancy to support the riser system for a 40-year design life.
This paper presents the evolution of the design, featuring:
Securement of syntactic foam in the buoy structure, to accommodate dimensional change of foam. Dimensional control of the buoy structure and syntactic foam modules, during fabrication. Configuration of the structures to cater for efficient installation of large volumes of syntactic foam during fabrication. Tensioning system to manage the redundant secondary tether system. Contingency "Diverless Tether Replacement Procedure" to design features for future implementation if needed. Management of the system net buoyancy throughout the design, fabrication and installation processes.
Syntactic foam buoyancy in long life, mid depth buoys avoids the need for the certification and maintenance of pressure vessels, as can be required of steel tanks. Testing verified that bulk syntactic foam exhibits minimal degradation from dropped object, impact damage. Coupled with an efficient structural containment, the sensitivity of the design to "damaged" state conditions was essentially eliminated.
Chain tether systems are ideally suited to conventional mid depth buoy installation techniques. Fully redundant secondary tether systems, can be effectively incorporated into buoy system designs, to enhance greatly the system reliability over long operating lives. The manufacturing length tolerances of tether systems required a unique system for managing the ‘in place’ tension of secondary tethers to ensure their longevity.
A More Efficient Use of MEG to Fully Inhibit Hydrates with Reduced Cost
Authors: Grzelak Eric M. , Stenhaug Morten 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Monoethylene glycol (MEG) is the primary hydrate inhibitor used in today's large gas fields. To fully prevent hydrate formation, high dosage rates of over 1 gallon of MEG per gallon of produced water may be required. As a result of these high rates, MEG usage can reach into the 100s of tonnes per day for a field.
The first estimate of MEG requirement stems from subsurface analysis of expected water production and it becomes the starting point for a design process that may lead to excess. A standard inhibition system must accomodate large uncertainties due to inaccurate MEG distribution to each well, inaccurate measurement of water production from each well, and difficulties recovering and reclaiming the MEG through topsides processing. The compounding of these uncertainties then requires a planned overdose of MEG to insure total hydrate inhibition. Determining the planned overdose and the necessary equipment to achieve it often leads to a doubling of system size, which can push the capcity of the MEG system into the 1000s of tonnes with a concurrent major increase in CAPEX. Likewise, the operation of an oversized systems leads to a significant increase in OPEX from energy usage for recovery, MEG replacement from loss, and other factors.
To combat this excess cost and make more fields economical, a hydrate management system has been identified that ties together industry proven equipment into an intelligently operated package. Uncertainties are reduced through the use of industry leading chemical injection metering valves to pinpoint and control the distribution of MEG, accurate metering using a variety of technologies to target exactly the amount of water in need of hydrate inhibition, energy efficient MEG recovery with up to 100% salt and solids removal, and real-time condition monitoring, performance evaluation, and process modeling to ensure that the whole system is operating optimally to prevent hydrates under any circumstance.
Tightening the use of MEG for hydrate inhibition with the hydrate management system can create substantial operational savings over the life of the field and, should it be included early enough in the design phase, has the ability to reduce overall system size resulting in substantial capital savings as well.
A modified Verhoeff-van Gieson elastin histochemical stain to enable pulmonary arterial hypertension model characterization
Authors: Percival K.R. , Radi Z. A. 
Published: March 2016

Optimal histochemical staining is critical to ensure excellent quality stained sections to enable light microscopic and histomorphometric image analysis. Verhoeff-van Gieson is the most widely used histochemical stain for the visualization of vascular elastic fibers. However, it is notoriously difficult to differentiate fine elastic fibers of small vasculature to enable histomorphometric image analysis of vasculature size characterization especially in organs such as the lung. A tissue fixation regime of 10% neutral buffered formalin with subsequent fixation in 70% ethanol further compounds the problem of small vessel staining and identification. Therefore, a modified Verhoeff's elastin stain was developed as a reliable method to optimally highlight the internal and external elastic lamina of small arteries (50-100 µm) and intra-acinar vessels (10-50 µm) in 3 µm thick lung tissue sections from models of pulmonary arterial hypertension. This modified Verhoeff's elastin stain demonstrated optimal staining of fine elastic fibers of pulmonary blood vessels. As a result, high-quality histomorphometric image analysis evaluation of vessel wall thickness in small arteries and intra-acinar vessels was successfully accomplished. In conclusion, modification of the standard Verhoeff-van Gieson histochemical stain is needed to visualize small caliber vessels' elastic fibers especially in tissues not fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin only.
Idealizations of Uncertainty, and Lessons from Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Smith Robert Elliott 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAt a time when economics is giving intense scrutiny to the likely impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the global economy, this paper suggests the two disciplines face a common problem when it comes to uncertainty. It is argued that, despite the enormous achievements of AI systems, it would be a serious mistake to suppose that such systems, unaided by human intervention, are as yet any nearer to providing robust solutions to the problems posed by Keynesian uncertainty. Under the radically uncertain conditions, human decision-making (for all its problems) has proved relatively robust, while decision making relying solely on deterministic rules or probabilistic models is bound to be brittle. AI remains dependent on techniques that are seldom seen in human decision-making, including assumptions of fully enumerable spaces of future possibilities, which are rigorously computed over, and extensively searched. Discussion of alternative models of human decision making under uncertainty follows, suggesting a future research agenda in this area of common interest to AI and economics.
Lidar-Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC) for the retrieval of vertical aerosol properties from combined lidar/radiometer data: development and distribution in EARLINET
Authors: Chaikovsky Anatoli , Dubovik Oleg , Holben Brent , Bril Andrey , Goloub Philippe , Tanré Didier , Pappalardo Gelsomina , Wandinger Ulla , Chaikovskaya Ludmila , Denisov Sergey , Grudo Jan , Lopatin Anton , Karol Yana , Lapyonok Tatsiana , Amiridis Vassilis , Ansmann Albert , Apituley Arnoud , Allados-Arboledas Lucas , Binietoglou Ioannis , Boselli Antonella , D'Amico Giuseppe , Freudenthaler Volker , Giles David , Granados-Muñoz María José , Kokkalis Panayotis , Nicolae Doina , Oshchepkov Sergey , Papayannis Alex , Perrone Maria Rita , Pietruczuk Alexander , Rocadenbosch Francesc , Sicard Michaël , Slutsker Ilya , Talianu Camelia , De Tomasi Ferdinando , Tsekeri Alexandra , Wagner Janet , Wang Xuan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. This paper presents a detailed description of LIRIC (LIdar-Radiometer Inversion Code) algorithm for simultaneous processing of coincident lidar and radiometric (sun photometric) observations for the retrieval of the aerosol concentration vertical profiles. As the lidar/radiometric input data we use measurements from European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) lidars and collocated sun-photometers of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The LIRIC data processing provides sequential inversion of the combined lidar and radiometric data. The algorithm starts with the estimations of column-integrated aerosol parameters from radiometric measurements followed by the retrieval of height dependent concentrations of fine and coarse aerosols from lidar signals using integrated column characteristics of aerosol layer as a priori constraints. The use of polarized lidar observations allows us to discriminate between spherical and non-spherical particles of the coarse aerosol mode.The LIRIC software package was implemented and tested at a number of EARLINET stations. Intercomparison of the LIRIC-based aerosol retrievals was performed for the observations by seven EARLINET lidars in Leipzig, Germany on 25 May 2009. We found close agreement between the aerosol parameters derived from different lidars that supports high robustness of the LIRIC algorithm. The sensitivity of the retrieval results to the possible reduction of the available observation data is also discussed.
Three-model ensemble wind prediction in southern Italy
Authors: Torcasio Rosa Claudia , Federico Stefano , Calidonna Claudia Roberta , Avolio Elenio , Drofa Oxana , Landi Tony Christian , Malguzzi Piero , Buzzi Andrea , Bonasoni Paolo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Quality of wind prediction is of great importance since a good wind forecast allows the prediction of available wind power, improving the penetration of renewable energies into the energy market. Here, a 1-year (1 December 2012 to 30 November 2013) three-model ensemble (TME) experiment for wind prediction is considered. The models employed, run operationally at National Research Council – Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), are RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modelling System), BOLAM (BOlogna Limited Area Model), and MOLOCH (MOdello LOCale in H coordinates). The area considered for the study is southern Italy and the measurements used for the forecast verification are those of the GTS (Global Telecommunication System). Comparison with observations is made every 3 h up to 48 h of forecast lead time. Results show that the three-model ensemble outperforms the forecast of each individual model. The RMSE improvement compared to the best model is between 22 and 30 %, depending on the season. It is also shown that the three-model ensemble outperforms the IFS (Integrated Forecasting System) of the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast) for the surface wind forecasts. Notably, the three-model ensemble forecast performs better than each unbiased model, showing the added value of the ensemble technique. Finally, the sensitivity of the three-model ensemble RMSE to the length of the training period is analysed.
Investigations on the magnetic field coupling of automotive high voltage systems to determine relevant parameters for an EMR-optimized designing
Authors: Krause David , John Werner , Weigel Robert 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The implementation of electrical drive trains in modern vehicles is a new challenge for EMC development. This contribution depicts a variety of investigations on magnetic field coupling of automotive high-voltage (HV) systems in order to fulfil the requirements of an EMR-optimized designing. The theoretical background is discussed within the scope of current analysis, including the determination of current paths and spectral behaviour. It furthermore presents models of shielded HV cables with particular focus on the magnetic shielding efficiency. Derived findings are validated by experimental measurements of a state-of-the-art demonstrator on system level. Finally EMC design rules are discussed in the context of minimized magnetic fields.
“Darkness, Waiting, Without Speaking”: Fluidity, Subjectivity, and Utopian Space in Ingeborg Bachmann's Der Fall Franza
Authors: LaFountain Pascale 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
This article takes the approach of cultural metaphor analysis to locate and describe the utopian metaphor of fluidity as it appears in the works of Luce Irigaray, Julia Kristeva, and Ingeborg Bachmann. The first stage of analysis consists in a theoretical description of fluidity, utopia, and the chora in works by Luce Irigaray and Julia Kristeva. The article offers a new reading of utopian language and the metaphor of fluidity in Ingeborg Bachmann's novelistic fragment Der Fall Franza.
Jazyk, myšlení a kultura
Authors: Soukup Václav 
Published: March 2016

Předmětem studie je teoretická analýza lingvistické antropologie jako vědy zkoumající vztah jazyka myšlení a kultury. Cílem studie je popsat a analyzovat jak ideové zdroje a základní tematické okruhy lingvistické antropologie, tak výzkumy věnované vlivu jazyka na myšlení a interpretaci světa. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována konstituování lidského jazyka v průběhu evoluce člověka a kultury.
Dagbladskrigen
Authors: Blichmann Morten 
Published: March 2016

Ud fra en markedsmæssig tilgangsvinkel til dagspressen beskriver
Morten Blichmann i denne artikel den del af det danske dagbladsmar-
ked, hvor den såkaldte dagbladskrig udspiller sig. Der sættes fokus
på hovedaktørerne i krigen: Politikens Hus (Ekstra Bladet og Politiken),
Det Berlingske Hus (BT og Berlingske Tidende) og Jyllands-Posten.
Morten Blichmann diskuterer konsekvenserne af dagbladskrigen set i
lyset af den oplagsmæssige nedgang i de seneste otte år for specielt
formiddagsbladene, den skærpede konkurrence fra elektroniske me-
dier og kampen om annoncørerne.