bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoexpression of metallothionein, Ki‐67 and PCNA in dermoid and epidermoid cysts of the oral cavity
Authors: Andrade Allany de Oliveira , de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , Ribeiro Daniela Cotta , Jham Bruno Correia , Nonaka Cassiano Francisco Weege , Johann Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues , Duarte Eliza Carla Barroso , Caliari Marcelo Vidigal , de Abreu Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Mesquita Ricardo Alves 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the immunoexpression of metallothionein and cell proliferation markers (Ki‐67 and PCNA) in a series of cases comprising four dermoid cysts and six epidermoid cysts of the oral cavity.Materials and MethodsThe percentages of nuclear and/or cytoplasmic staining in the basal and suprabasal layers of the cysts' epithelial lining were assessed.ResultsThis study included six males and four females, with a mean age of 33.1 years. The floor of the mouth was affected in 40% of the cases. The expression of metallothionein, Ki‐67, and PCNA was observed in all cases examined. For both lesions, the basal layer exhibited higher cytoplasmic and nuclear/cytoplasmic expression of metallothionein. Dermoid cysts exhibited higher expression of Ki‐67 and PCNA compared to epidermoid cysts in both basal and suprabasal layers, with a more pronounced expression in the suprabasal layers.ConclusionsOur results indicate that metallothionein is present in the epithelial lining of both dermoid and epidermoid cysts of the oral cavity. The cell proliferation indices observed in both conditions reflect their benign nature and slow growth.
miR827 orchestrates the regulation of SPX‐MFS1 and SPX‐MFS5 with the assistance of lncRNA767 to enhance phosphate starvation tolerance and maize development
Authors: Chen Lei , He Juan , Wang Xufeng , Zhang Shiru , Pan Jinkang , Peng Jianxiang , Mo Beixin , Liu Lin 
Published: September 2024

SummaryMicroRNA827 (miR827) is functionally conserved among different plant species and displays species‐specific characteristics, but the mechanisms by which miR827 regulates phosphate (Pi) starvation tolerance and maize development remain elusive. We found that miR827 selectively targets the Pi transporter genes SPX‐MFS1 and SPX‐MFS5. miR827 overexpression improved the Pi starvation tolerance, plant architecture and grain yield and quality, whereas miR827 suppression yielded a contrasting phenotype. In addition, we identified a specific long noncoding RNA (lncRNA767) that serves as a direct target and a facilitator of miR827 and can stabilize the SPX‐MFS1 and SPX‐MFS5 transcripts, leading to their translation inhibition. The orchestrated regulation of SPX‐MFS1 and SPX‐MFS5 modulates PHR1; 1 and PHR1; 2, which are critical transcription factors in Pi signalling, and thereby affects the expression of downstream Pi starvation‐induced genes. Together, these findings demonstrate that miR827, assisted by lncRNA767, enhances SPX‐MFS1 and SPX‐MFS5 suppression and thus exerts a significant impact on Pi homeostasis and several essential agronomic traits of maize.
Biosynthesis and Signaling of Strigolactones Act Synergistically With That of ABA and JA to Enhance Verticillium dahliae Resistance in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Han Yifei , Sun Yue , Wang Haoqi , Li Huazu , Jiang Meng , Liu Xueying , Cao Yuefen , Wang Wanru , Yin Hong , Chen Jinhong , Sun Jie , Zhu Qian‐Hao , Zhu Shuijin , Zhao Tianlun 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTVerticillium wilt (VW) caused by the soil‐borne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae reduces cotton productivity and quality. Numerous studies have explored the genetic and molecular mechanisms regulating VW resistance in cotton, but the role and mechanism of strigolactone (SL) is still elusive. We investigated the function of SL in cotton's immune response to V. dahliae infection by exogenously applying SL analog, blocking or enhancing biosynthesis of endogenous SLs in combination with comparative transcriptome analysis and by exploring cross‐talk between SL and other phytohormones. Silencing GhDWARF27 and applying the SL analog GR24 or overexpressing GhDWARF27 decreased and enhanced V. dahliae resistance, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed SL‐mediated activation of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signaling pathways. Enhanced ABA biosynthesis and signaling led to increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced buildup of excess reactive oxygen species. Enhanced JA biosynthesis and signaling facilitated transcription of JA–dependent disease resistance genes. One of the components of the SL signal transduction pathway, GhD53, was found to interact with GhNCED5 and GhLOX2, the key enzymes of ABA and JA biosynthesis, respectively. We revealed the molecular mechanism underlying SL–enabled V. dahliae resistance and provided potential solutions for improving VW resistance in cotton.
Mitochondrial ß‐Cyanoalanine Synthase Participates in flg22‐Induced Stomatal Immunity
Authors: Pantaleno Rosario , Scuffi Denise , Schiel Paula , Schwarzländer Markus , Costa Alex , García‐Mata Carlos 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPlants regulate gas exchange with the environment and modulate transpirational water flow through guard cells, which set the aperture of the stomatal pores. External and internal stimuli are detected by guard cells and integrated into a signalling network that modulate turgor pressure and, hence, pore size. Pathogen‐associated molecular patterns are among the stimuli that induce stomatal closure, to prevent pathogen entry through the pores, and this response, also referred to as stomatal immunity, is one of the hallmarks of PAMP‐triggered immunity. While reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated signalling plays a key role in stomatal immunity, also the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulphide (H2S) interacts with key components of the guard cell signalling network to induce stomatal closure. While the role of H2S, produced by the main cytosolic source L‐cysteine desulfhydrase 1, has been already investigated, there are additional enzymatic sources that synthesize H2S in different subcellular compartments. Their function has remained enigmatic, however. In this work, we elucidate the involvement of the mitochondrial H2S source, β‐cyanoalanine synthase CAS‐C1, on stomatal immunity induced by the bacterial PAMP flagellin (flg22). We show that cas‐c1 plants are impaired to induce flg22‐triggered stomatal closure and apoplastic ROS production, while they are more susceptible to bacterial surface inoculation. Moreover, mitochondrial H2S donor AP39 induced stomatal closure in an RBOHD‐dependent manner, while depletion of endogenous H2S, impaired RBOHD‐mediated apoplastic ROS production. In addition, pharmacological disruption of mitochondrial electron transport chain activity, affected stomatal closure produced by flg22, indicating its participation in the stomatal immunity response. Our findings add evidence to the emerging realization that intracellular organelles play a decisive role in orchestrating stomatal signalling and immune responses and suggest that mitochondrial‐derived H2S is an important player of the stomatal immunity signalling network.
Is moral understanding a kind of moral vision?
Authors: Hills Alison 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding is often descibed as a kind of “seeing”, and that would make moral understanding a kidn of moral vision. Recently the idea of moral perception has been explored. I suggest that the identification of moral understanding with moral perception is promising, as it seems to give a good account of what is distinctively valuable about moral understanding. But in the end it faces a difficult dilemma. I draw some conclusions about what is distinctive about moral understanding and the role that moral vision might play.
Subjectivism and the morally conscientious person's concern to avoid acting wrongly
Authors: Graham Peter A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSubjectivism about moral wrongness is the view that the moral wrongness of an action (if and how wrong that action is) is grounded solely in facts about the agent's mental state at the time of action. Antisubjectivism is the denial of subjectivism. I offer an argument against subjectivism, and for antisubjectivism, based on an examination of the main concern of the morally conscientious person, viz., the concern to avoid acting wrongly.
The value of incoherence
Authors: Field Claire 
Published: September 2024

AbstractI argue that level‐incoherence is epistemically valuable in a specific set of epistemic environments: those in which it is easy to acquire justified false beliefs about normative requirements of epistemic rationality. I argue that in these environments level‐incoherence is the rationally dominant strategy. Nevertheless, level‐incoherent combinations exhibit a distinctive tension, and this tension has been thought by many to indicate that level‐incoherence is always irrational. Although this idea has proved resilient, I argue that it is incorrect. I evaluate three candidate explanations for the distinctive tension exhibited by level‐incoherent combinations, only one of which is the traditional view (which I call the ‘Prohibition View’) that epistemic level‐incoherence is prohibited by epistemic rationality. I argue instead for the ‘Inquiry View’, according to which level‐incoherence is not rationally criticisable but is a reason to undertake further inquiry.
Being understood
Authors: Dishaw Samuel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhilosophical work in the ethics of thought focuses heavily on the ethics of belief, with, in recent years, a particular emphasis on the ways in which we might wrong other people either through our beliefs about them, or our failure to believe what they tell us. Yet in our own lives we often want not merely to be believed, but rather to be understood by others. What does it take to understand another person? In this paper, I provide an account of interpersonal understanding that speaks to this widespread human desire to be understood by others. On the view I defend, to be understood by another person is for them to see our motivating reasons as justifying reasons, whether or not they actually take our reasons to have that normative force. I then provide an explanation of why such understanding is valuable in our lives, which emphasizes how being understood by another person is a way of being more fully with them.
Doxastic dilemmas and epistemic blame
Authors: Schmidt Sebastian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhat should we believe when epistemic and practical reasons pull in opposite directions? The traditional view states that there is something that we ought epistemically to believe and something that we ought practically to (cause ourselves to) believe, period. More recent accounts challenge this view, either by arguing that there is something that we ought simpliciter to believe, all epistemic and practical reasons considered (the weighing view), or by denying the normativity of epistemic reasons altogether (epistemic anti‐normativism). I argue against both accounts and defend the traditional view. An agent can be blameworthy in doxastic dilemmas for complying with their practical but not their epistemic reasons. This reveals how epistemic reasons are normative: the concept of epistemic blame helps us track epistemic normativity.
Assessing key parameters in simultaneous simulation of rapid kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence and trans‐thylakoid electric potential difference
Authors: Lyu Hui , Lazár Dušan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOur study attempts to address the following questions: among numerous photosynthetic modules, which parameters notably influence the rapid chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) rise, the so‐called O‐J‐I‐P transient, in conjunction with the P515 signal, as these two records are easily obtained and widely used in photosynthesis research, and how are these parameters ranked in terms of their importance? These questions might be difficult to answer solely through experimental assays. Therefore, we employed an established photosynthesis model. Firstly, we utilized the model to simulate the measured rapid ChlF rise and P515 kinetics simultaneously. Secondly, we employed the sensitivity analysis (SA) tool by randomly altering model parameters to observe their effects on model output variables. Thirdly, we systematically identified significant parameters for both or one of the kinetics across various scenarios.A novel aspect of our study is the application of the Morris method, a global SA tool, to simultaneously assess the significance of model parameters in shaping both or one of the kinetics. The Morris SA technique enables the quantification of how much a specific parameter affects O‐J‐I‐P transient during particular time intervals (e.g., J, I, and P steps). This allowed us to theoretically analyze which step is more significantly influenced by the parameter.In summary, our study contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive analysis of photosynthesis kinetics and emphasizing the importance of parameter selection in modelling this process. These findings can inform future research efforts aimed at improving photosynthesis models and advancing our understanding of photosynthetic processes.
Moderate alternate wetting and drying irrigation enhances drought‐resistance abilities by improving structural mesophyll conductance of water‐saving and drought‐resistant rice under severe drought
Authors: Wang Quan , Wang Hao , Liu Qiuju , Zhu Tiezhong , Xu Haocong , Ren Haojie , Yang Ru , Wu Liquan , Zhang Qiangqiang , Ke Jian , You Cuicui , He Haibing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWater‐saving and drought‐resistant rice (WDR) coupled with alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWDI) possesses a high photosynthetic potential due to higher mesophyll conductance (gm) under drought conditions. However, the physiological and structural contributions to the gm of leaves and their mechanisms in WDR under AWDI are still unclear. In this study, WDR (Hanyou 73) and drought‐sensitive rice (Huiliangyou 898) were selected as materials. Three irrigation patterns were established from transplanting to the heading stage, including conventional flooding irrigation (W1), moderate AWDI (W2), and severe AWDI (W3). A severe drought with a soil water potential of −50 kPa was applied for a week at the heading stage across all treatments and cultivars. The results revealed that severe drought reduced gas exchange parameters and gm but enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde content in the three treatments and both cultivars. The maximal photosynthetic rate (Amax) of HY73 in the W2 treatment was greater than that in the other combinations of cultivars and irrigation patterns. The contribution of leaf structure (54%) to gm (gm‐S, structural gm) was higher than that of leaf physiology (46%) to gm (gm‐P, physiological gm) in the W2 treatment of Hanyou 73. Additionally, gm‐S was significantly and linearly positively correlated with gm under severe drought. Moreover, both the initial and apparent quantum efficiencies were significantly and positively with gm in rice plants (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the improvements in photosynthesis and yield in the WDR combined with moderate AWDI can mainly be attributed to the enhancement of gm‐S under severe drought conditions. Quantum efficiency may be a potential factor in regulating photosynthesis by cooperating with the gm of rice plants under severe drought conditions.
Bilberry metabolomic and proteomic profiling during fruit ripening reveals key dynamics affecting fruit quality
Authors: Nguyen Nga , Bergmann Ulrich , Jaakola Laura , Häggman Hely , Jokipii‐Lukkari Soile , Toth Katalin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is a wild berry species that is prevalent in northern Europe. It is renowned and well‐documented for its nutritional and bioactive properties, especially due to its anthocyanin content. However, an overview of biological systems governing changes in other crucial quality traits, such as size, firmness, and flavours, has received less attention. In the present study, we investigated detailed metabolomic and proteomic profiles at four different ripening stages of bilberry to provide a comprehensive understanding of overall quality during fruit ripening. By integrating omics datasets, we revealed a novel global regulatory network of plant hormones and physiological processes occurring during bilberry ripening. Key physiological processes, such as energy and primary metabolism, strongly correlate with elevated levels of gibberellic acids, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid in unripe fruits. In contrast, as the fruit ripened, processes including flavour formation, cell wall modification, seed storage, and secondary metabolism became more prominent, and these were associated with increased abscisic acid levels. An indication of the increase in ethylene biosynthesis was detected during bilberry development, raising questions about the classification of non‐climacteric and climacteric fruits. Our findings extend the current knowledge on the physiological and biochemical processes occurring during fruit ripening, which can serve as a baseline for studies on both wild and commercially grown berry species. Furthermore, our data may facilitate the optimization of storage conditions and breeding programs, as well as the future exploration of beneficial compounds in berries for new applications in food, cosmetics, and medicines.
Potential Functions of the Gut Microbiome and Modulation Strategies for Improving Aquatic Animal Growth
Authors: Zhang Zhimin , Yang Qiushi , Liu Haokun , Jin Junyan , Yang Yunxia , Zhu Xiaoming , Han Dong , Zhou Zhigang , Xie Shouqi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe increase in the body weight of animals, a pivotal indicator closely tied to production, is important to the aquaculture industry. Despite remarkable variability in gut microbiomes, which are intricately associated with their hosts and affect overall performance, fitness, and physiological outcomes, across individuals and species, the development and practical application of gut microbiota modulation in aquaculture remain underdeveloped. In this review, we systematically examine the advancements with a focus on the gut microbiomes of aquatic animals with different growth rates by literature search, summarizing the existing knowledge regarding the diversity, composition, and significance of the microbiome in individual growth. The comparative analysis reveals substantial alterations in the gut microbiome that correspond to changes in the growth rate of aquatic animals, with a species bias toward more carnivorous fish, and shrimps and sea cucumbers in nonfish species. The present review also discusses comparative gut microbiome research in aquaculture as an emerging field with great potential for advancing our understanding of animal growth, screening candidate probiotics, and facilitating microbiome modulation strategies. Besides, the present gaps in the knowledge of the gut microbiome associated with the growth and production of farmed animals have been highlighted. We propose potential directions to address emerging challenges and opportunities in this field, such as priority effects on gut microbiome establishment, especially in the early stage, and screening of host‐derived probiotics across various aquatic animals. Finally, we provide a conceptual framework for enhancing animal farming practices in aquaculture through intensified gut microbiome research.
The Study of Pilgrimage in Tibetan Buddhism: Overview and Recommendations for Instructors
Authors: Hartmann Catherine 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThroughout the history of Tibet, sacred places such as mountains, lakes, caves, and monasteries have been visited by laypeople and religious elites alike in search of purification, blessings, karma, long life, teachings, and spiritual transformation. More recently, scholars have studied the history and evolving present circumstances of pilgrimages across the Tibetan landscape. While the study of pilgrimage in Tibet remains a relatively small subfield, in the past 30 years, this body of scholarship has grown. This article will provide a short overview of this scholarship on pilgrimage in Tibetan Buddhism. It is intended as an introduction to people new to the field of pilgrimage studies in Tibet, so that they can orient themselves in the literature, find resources on topics of interest, or find teaching resources.
National discretion or broadening acceptable interpretation? A comparative overview of the transposition and implementation of the Water Framework Directive
Authors: Kaavi Susanna , Paloniitty Tiina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEuropean Union (EU) directives must be transposed into national systems and effectively implemented by all Member States. Differences between national legal systems are an inevitable reality when implementing EU law. Variations in the transposition and implementation of directives can lead to significant differences in the regulatory environment. This article discusses the variations in the transposition and implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) in Austria, Finland, Germany and Sweden. What all the analysed Member States have in common are efforts to find ways to comply with the stringent requirements of the WFD. As Member States aim to achieve the requirements of the WFD, they simultaneously appear to look for ways to broaden acceptable interpretations of the WFD requirements to accommodate the national context. This article identifies and examines the different instances where such broadening of interpretation of the WFD has taken place in the four Member States.
‘And so Beautifully Illuminated’: Hand‐coloured Luther Bibles from the Sixteenth Century☆
Authors: Smith Julia R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article explores the practice of hand colouring illustrated Luther Bibles in the sixteenth century. It is based on analysis from over 120 copies of various editions of Luther's translation of the Bible. The most well‐known examples are Hans Lufft's editions printed on parchment in 1541 and 1560, illuminated by Lucas Cranach the Younger. However, these copies represent only the very top of the market; the research presented in this article demonstrates that hand colouring was a widespread practice that began with the very first edition of Luther's New Testament in 1522, and continued throughout the sixteenth century and beyond, across the German‐speaking lands, in all formats, and for all levels of the market. This article argues that the hand colouring served an aesthetic purpose, making the complex illustrations more vivacious and legible for the viewer. The colouring also transformed a mass‐produced object into a unique work of art that reflected its spiritual significance, an understudied feature of Lutheran material culture, and one which transcended confessional divides in sixteenth‐century Europe.