bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observer‐based fault‐tolerant control of hypersonic scramjet vehicles in the presence of actuator faults and saturation
Authors: Mu Lingxia , Li Leyao , Yu Xiang , Zhang Youmin , Li Ping , Wang Xinmin 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAn adaptive sliding mode observer (SMO)–based fault‐tolerant control method taking into consideration of actuator saturation is proposed for a hypersonic scramjet vehicle (HSV) under a class of time‐varying actuator faults. The SMO is designed to robustly estimate the HSV states and reconstruct the fault signals. The adaptive technique is integrated into the SMO to approximate the unknown bounds of system uncertainties, actuator faults, and estimation errors. The robust SMO synthesis condition, which can be formulated as a set of linear matrix inequalities, is improved by relaxing structure constraints to the Lyapunov matrix. An anti‐windup feedback control law, which utilizes the estimated HSV states and the fault signals, is designed to counteract the negative effects of actuator saturation induced by actuator faults. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach can guarantee stability and maintain
performance of the closed‐loop system in the presence of HSV actuator faults and saturation.
Long‐Term Survival of Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: The Impact and Selection of Repeat Surgery
Authors: Yoh Tomoaki , Hatano Etsuro , Seo Satoru , Okuda Yukihiro , Fuji Hiroaki , Ikeno Yoshinobu , Taura Kojiro , Yasuchika Kentaro , Okajima Hideaki , Kaido Toshimi , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundDefinitive guidelines for recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) do not exist. This study has focused on the repeat surgery when analyzing the survival outcomes of recurrent ICC. We evaluated the relationship between clinicopathological features of the primary tumor and implementation of the repeat surgery to identify its potential selection criteria.MethodsA total of 108 patients with recurrent ICC between 1993 and 2015 were analyzed. Of these, 15 patients underwent repeat surgery and 93 did not.ResultsSeven out of 29 patients with intrahepatic recurrence and eight out of 44 patients with extrahepatic recurrence were amenable to the repeat surgery. Thirty‐five patients with simultaneous or consequent intrahepatic recurrence and extrahepatic recurrence were not amenable to the repeat surgery. Patients who underwent repeat surgery had a lower proportion of lymph node metastases (n = 0 [0%] vs. n = 47 [50.5%], p < 0.001), multiple tumors in the primary tumor (n = 1 [6.7%] vs. n = 31 [33.3%], p = 0.037), or early recurrence (≤ 1 year; n = 4 [26.7%] vs. n = 62 [66.7%], p = 0.003). Survival after recurrence (SAR) was better in patients who underwent repeat surgery than in those who did not (median SAR time: 91.6 vs. 10.4 months, and 3‐year survival: 86.7 vs. 8.7%, respectively, p < 0.001).ConclusionsRepeat surgery for recurrent ICC with an appropriate selection can be associated with prolonged survival. Regarding the feasibility, nodal status, number of tumors on the primary tumor, and time to recurrence may be considered as selection criteria.
Non-Self-Adjoint Toeplitz Matrices Whose Principal Submatrices Have Real Spectrum
Authors: Shapiro Boris , Štampach František 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe introduce and investigate a class of complex semi-infinite banded Toeplitz matrices satisfying the condition that the spectra of their principal submatrices accumulate onto a real interval when the size of the submatrix grows to $$\infty $$
∞
. We prove that a banded Toeplitz matrix belongs to this class if and only if its symbol has real values on a Jordan curve located in $${{\mathbb {C}}}{\setminus }\{0\}$$

C
\
{
0
}

. Surprisingly, it turns out that, if such a Jordan curve is present, the spectra of all the principal submatrices have to be real. The latter claim is also proved for matrices given by a more general symbol. The special role of the Jordan curve is further demonstrated by a new formula for the limiting density of the asymptotic eigenvalue distribution for banded Toeplitz matrices from the studied class. Certain connections between the problem under investigation, Jacobi operators, and the Hamburger moment problem are also discussed. The main results are illustrated by several concrete examples; some of them allow an explicit analytic treatment, while some are only treated numerically.
The Incidence of Complications is Low Following Foot and Ankle Surgery for Which Peripheral Nerve Blocks Are Used for Postoperative Pain Management
Authors: Kahn Richard L. , Ellis Scott J. , Cheng Jennifer , Curren Jodie , Fields Kara G. , Roberts Matthew M. , YaDeau Jacques T. 
Published: December 2017

Background The incidence of neurologic complications from foot and ankle surgery utilizing regional anesthesia is not well established. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the incidence of neurologic and peripheral nerve block (PNB) site complications on a busy foot and ankle service that utilizes ankle blocks (ABs) and popliteal blocks (POPs). Patients and Methods This prospective observational study included patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery with ABs or POPs. Block choice was determined by surgeon's preference. Patients were assessed for complications during postoperative visits at 2, 6, and 12 weeks. The relation of each complication to the block was scored by a surgeon and anesthesiologist. Results From October 2012 to October 2014, 2516 patients underwent 2704 surgeries. There were 195 complications (7.2%) considered neurologic or at the PNB site. The incidence of serious complications was 0.7%. A higher complication rate was reported for POPs (8.8%) than for ABs (2.5%). However, when analysis was limited to forefoot surgery, this difference was not significant. Dexamethasone use was associated with increased complications for POPs. Only 5 of the 195 total complications, and 2 of 20 serious complications, were deemed to have been likely caused by the block by both the surgeon and anesthesiologist reviewer. Conclusions The incidences of neurologic or block-related complications and serious complications were 7.2 and 0.7%, respectively, most without a clear surgical vs. nerve block etiology. The higher complication rate for POPs using perineural dexamethasone should be interpreted cautiously in light of the lack of randomization and likely confounders.
Student‐teacher relationships and bullying: The role of student social status
Authors: Longobardi C. , Iotti N.O. , Jungert T. , Settanni M. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTStudent–teacher relationships have been shown to influence bullying‐related behaviors in students. This study considered the moderating role of students' social statuses in the classroom. The study sample included 435 students (48.7% females) taken from 18 Italian middle‐school classrooms (i.e., sixth to eighth grade). A multigroup path analysis approach was employed to examine whether the effects of the student‐teacher relationships on bullying‐related behaviors differed among social statuses. The results showed that perceived conflict with the teacher was shown to have a significant positive effect on students' engagement in active bullying for students from all the statuses, except for neglected students. In particular, this effect was more relevant for rejected students. The results showed that social status and student‐teacher relationships integrate and shed light on which roles are taken by young adolescents in school bullying, highlighting that it is important for the teachers to recognize these students.
Composite control system of hybrid-driven mid-altitude airship
Authors: Chen L. , Dong Q. , Zhang G. , Duan D. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIn general, an airship is equipped with hybrid-heterogeneous actuators: the aerodynamic surfaces, the vectored propellers and the buoyant ballonets. The aerodynamic surfaces have high efficiency in attitude control at high speed. However, vectored propellers are also introduced here for attitude control under the special working condition of low airspeed. Due to the lower thrust-to-weight ratio, the composite control of hybrid-heterogeneous actuators is the primary object in controller design for an airship. In composite attitude control, first the attitude moment allocation between aerodynamic control surfaces and vectored propellers is designed according to different dynamic airspeed, to achieve the smooth motion transition from low to high airspeed, then the weighted generalised inverse (WGI) is used to design the reconfigurable actuator allocation among the homogeneous multi-actuators, where the authority of every actuator can be decided by setting the corresponding value of the weight matrix, thus the control law is unchanged under different actuator configurations. Taking the mid-altitude airship as an example, the simulations of position control, trace tracking and altitude control are provided. Simulation results demonstrate that the attitude moments allocation obtains moment distribution between the aerodynamic surfaces and the vectored propellers under different airspeeds; the reconfigurable actuator allocation achieves a good distribution and reconfiguration among homogeneous actuators, thereby enhancing the reliability of the control system.
The Quebec emergency department guide: A cross-sectional study to evaluate its use, perceived usefulness, and implementation in rural emergency departments
Authors: Fleet Richard , Hegg-Deloye Sandrine , Maltais-Giguère Julie , Légaré France , Ouimet Mathieu , Poitras Julien , Tanguay Alain , Archambault Patrick , Levesque Jean-Frédéric , Simard–Racine Geneviève , Dupuis Gilles 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe Quebec Emergency Department Management Guide (QEDMG) is a unique document with 78 recommendations designed to improve the organization of emergency departments (EDs) in the province of Quebec. However, no study has examined how this guide is perceived or used by rural health care management.MethodsWe invited all directors of professional services (DPS), directors of nursing services (DNS), head nurses (HN), and emergency department directors (EDD) working in Quebec’s rural hospitals to complete an online survey (144 questions). Simple frequency analyses (percentage [%] and 95% confidence interval) were conducted to establish general familiarity and use of the QEDMG, as well as perceived usefulness and implementation of its recommendations.ResultsSeventy-three percent (19/26) of Quebec’s rural EDs participated in the study. A total of 82% (62/76) of the targeted stakeholders participated. Sixty-one percent of respondents reported being “moderately or a lot” familiar with the QEDMG, whereas 77% reported “almost never or sometimes” refer to this guide. Physician management (DPS, EDD) were more likely than nursing management (DNS and especially HN) to report “not at all” or “little” familiarity on use of the guide. Finally, 98% of the QEDMG recommendations were considered useful.ConclusionsAlthough the QEDMG is considered a useful guide for rural EDs, it is not optimally known or used in rural EDs, especially by physician management. Stakeholders should consider these findings before implementing the revised versions of the QEDMG.
Effects of low-fat compared with high-fat diet on cardiometabolic indicators in people with overweight and obesity without overt metabolic disturbance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Lu Mengqing , Wan Yi , Yang Bo , Huggins Catherine E. , Li Duo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRandomised controlled trials comparing low- v. high-fat diets on cardiometabolic risk factors in people with overweight or obesity have shown inconsistent results, which may be due to the mixed metabolic status of people with excess adiposity. The role of dietary fat manipulation in modifying cardiometabolic indicators in people with overweight or obese without metabolic disturbance is unclear. Thus, meta-analysis was conducted to compare low- v. high-fat diets on cardiometabolic indicators in people who are overweight or obese without metabolic disturbance in the present study. Databases were searched until October 2016. The pooled effects of outcomes with heterogeneity were calculated with a random-effects model, heterogeneities were analysed by subgroup and meta-regression. As a result, twenty studies with 2106 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were lower following low-fat diets compared with high-fat diets: weighted mean difference (WMD) was −7·05 mg/dl (−0·18 mmol/l; 95 % CI −11·30, −2·80; P=0·001) and −4·41 mg/dl (−0·11 mmol/l; 95 % CI −7·81, −1·00; P=0·011), respectively. Conversely, significant higher level of TAG (WMD: 11·68 mg/dl (0·13 mmol/l), 95 % CI 5·90, 17·45; P<0·001) and lower level of HDL-cholesterol (WMD: −2·57 mg/dl (−0·07 mmol/l); 95 % CI −3·85, −1·28; P<0·001) were found following low-fat diets compared with high-fat diets. In conclusion, dietary fat manipulation has a significant influence on blood lipid levels in people with overweight or obesity without metabolic disturbances.
Openness, transparency and public participation in the governance of uranium mining in Greenland: a legal and political track record
Authors: Pelaudeix Cécile , Basse Ellen Margrethe , Loukacheva Natalia 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThis article examines the implementation of the principles of openness, transparency and public participation in the decision-making regarding the conditions for uranium mining in Greenland from a legal and political perspective. The time frame covers the period from the exploration for minerals before World War II to 2016–2017 when the current Greenlandic authorities prepared a licence for a project of extraction of rare earth elements and uranium in Kvanefjeld. It is shown that the issue of openness, transparency and public participation in Greenland is a longstanding issue and that the current governance does not permit public access to a draft environmental impact assessment report, impairing public participation in decision-making, and preventing the environmental consequences of these activities from being considered as a public concern. It is argued that sovereignty–its consolidation and the accession to it–has impacted the design of governance in Greenland and that the constraints put on the full implementation of the legal principles of openness, transparency and public participation in the governance of uranium mining in Greenland, amongst other factors, point to a current hybrid political and legal order in the context of a political agenda of independence.
The Risk in Living Kidney Donation
Authors: GLANNON WALTER 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:This article examines two questions. (1) If prospective living kidney donors knew of the lifetime risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in their remaining kidney, then would they be as willing to give it up? and (2) What should transplant organizations and physicians be telling those who express an interest in donating a kidney about risk? Based on the principle that prospective donors must be fully informed of the risk, I raise the issue of a possible obstacle to closing the gap between the availability and need of transplantable kidneys. Some strategies are offered to address this problem.
Prisoners as Living Donors: A Vulnerabilities Analysis
Authors: ROSS LAINIE FRIEDMAN , THISTLETHWAITE J. RICHARD 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:Although national guidelines exist for evaluating the eligibility of potential living donors and for procuring their informed consent, no special protections or considerations exist for potential living donors who are incarcerated. Human research subject protections in the United States are codified in the Federal Regulations, 45 CFR 46, and special protections are given to prisoners. Living donor transplantation has parallels with human subject research in that both activities are performed with the primary goal of benefiting third parties. In this article, we describe what special considerations should be provided to prisoners as potential living donors using a vulnerabilities approach adapted from the human research subject protection literature.
Communicating Identifiability Risks to Biobank Donors
Authors: KASPERBAUER T.J. , GJERRIS MICKEY , WALDEMAR GUNHILD , SANDØE PETER 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:Recent highly publicized privacy breaches in healthcare and genomics research have led many to question whether current standards of data protection are adequate. Improvements in de-identification techniques, combined with pervasive data sharing, have increased the likelihood that external parties can track individuals across multiple databases. This article focuses on the communication of identifiability risks in the process of obtaining consent for donation and research. Most ethical discussions of identifiability risks have focused on the severity of the risk and how it might be mitigated, and what precisely is at stake in pervasive data sharing. However, there has been little discussion of whether and how to communicate the risk to potential donors. We review the ethical arguments behind favoring different types of risk communication in the consent process, and outline how identifiability concerns can be incorporated into either a detailed or a simplified method of communicating risks during the consent process.
Segmentation Approach Towards Phase-Contrast Microscopic Images of Activated Sludge to Monitor the Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Khan Muhammad Burhan , Nisar Humaira , Ng Choon Aun , Yeap Kim Ho , Lai Koon Chun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractImage processing and analysis is an effective tool for monitoring and fault diagnosis of activated sludge (AS) wastewater treatment plants. The AS image comprise of flocs (microbial aggregates) and filamentous bacteria. In this paper, nine different approaches are proposed for image segmentation of phase-contrast microscopic (PCM) images of AS samples. The proposed strategies are assessed for their effectiveness from the perspective of microscopic artifacts associated with PCM. The first approach uses an algorithm that is based on the idea that different color space representation of images other than red-green-blue may have better contrast. The second uses an edge detection approach. The third strategy, employs a clustering algorithm for the segmentation and the fourth applies local adaptive thresholding. The fifth technique is based on texture-based segmentation and the sixth uses watershed algorithm. The seventh adopts a split-and-merge approach. The eighth employs Kittler’s thresholding. Finally, the ninth uses a top-hat and bottom-hat filtering-based technique. The approaches are assessed, and analyzed critically with reference to the artifacts of PCM. Gold approximations of ground truth images are prepared to assess the segmentations. Overall, the edge detection-based approach exhibits the best results in terms of accuracy, and the texture-based algorithm in terms of false negative ratio. The respective scenarios are explained for suitability of edge detection and texture-based algorithms.
Novel PAX6 mutation reported in an aniridia patient
Authors: Winegarner Andrew , Oie Yoshinori , Kawasaki Satoshi , Nishida Nozomi , Nishida Kohji 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn aniridia patient was found to have a novel PAX6 mutation. A genetic duplication within PAX6, which caused a frameshift mutation, ultimately created a nonsense stop codon and premature truncation of the protein. Consequently, the patient presented with a clouded cornea as a result of partial limbal stem cell deficiency, foveal hypoplasia, nystagmus and a pale, cupped optic disc caused by glaucoma.
Metasurface-assisted phase-matching-free second harmonic generation in lithium niobate waveguides
Authors: Wang Cheng , Li Zhaoyi , Kim Myoung-Hwan , Xiong Xiao , Ren Xi-Feng , Guo Guang-Can , Yu Nanfang , Lončar Marko 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe phase-matching condition is a key aspect in nonlinear wavelength conversion processes, which requires the momenta of the photons involved in the processes to be conserved. Conventionally, nonlinear phase matching is achieved using either birefringent or periodically poled nonlinear crystals, which requires careful dispersion engineering and is usually narrowband. In recent years, metasurfaces consisting of densely packed arrays of optical antennas have been demonstrated to provide an effective optical momentum to bend light in arbitrary ways. Here, we demonstrate that gradient metasurface structures consisting of phased array antennas are able to circumvent the phase-matching requirement in on-chip nonlinear wavelength conversion. We experimentally demonstrate phase-matching-free second harmonic generation over many coherent lengths in thin film lithium niobate waveguides patterned with the gradient metasurfaces. Efficient second harmonic generation in the metasurface-based devices is observed over a wide range of pump wavelengths (λ = 1580–1650 nm).
Infection via mosquito bite alters Zika virus tissue tropism and replication kinetics in rhesus macaques
Authors: Dudley Dawn M. , Newman Christina M. , Lalli Joseph , Stewart Laurel M. , Koenig Michelle R. , Weiler Andrea M. , Semler Matthew R. , Barry Gabrielle L. , Zarbock Katie R. , Mohns Mariel S. , Breitbach Meghan E. , Schultz-Darken Nancy , Peterson Eric , Newton Wendy , Mohr Emma L. , Capuano III Saverio , Osorio Jorge E. , O’Connor Shelby L. , O’Connor David H. , Friedrich Thomas C. , Aliota Matthew T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMouse and nonhuman primate models now serve as useful platforms to study Zika virus (ZIKV) pathogenesis, candidate therapies, and vaccines, but they rely on needle inoculation of virus: the effects of mosquito-borne infection on disease outcome have not been explored in these models. Here we show that infection via mosquito bite delays ZIKV replication to peak viral loads in rhesus macaques. Importantly, in mosquito-infected animals ZIKV tissue distribution was limited to hemolymphatic tissues, female reproductive tract tissues, kidney, and liver, potentially emulating key features of human ZIKV infections, most of which are characterized by mild or asymptomatic disease. Furthermore, deep sequencing analysis reveals that ZIKV populations in mosquito-infected monkeys show greater sequence heterogeneity and lower overall diversity than in needle-inoculated animals. This newly developed system will be valuable for studying ZIKV disease because it more closely mimics human infection by mosquito bite than needle-based inoculations.
Structural insight into catalytic mechanism of PET hydrolase
Authors: Han Xu , Liu Weidong , Huang Jian-Wen , Ma Jiantao , Zheng Yingying , Ko Tzu-Ping , Xu Limin , Cheng Ya-Shan , Chen Chun-Chi , Guo Rey-Ting 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPET hydrolase (PETase), which hydrolyzes polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into soluble building blocks, provides an attractive avenue for the bioconversion of plastics. Here we present the structures of a novel PETase from the PET-consuming microbe Ideonella sakaiensis in complex with substrate and product analogs. Through structural analyses, mutagenesis, and activity measurements, a substrate-binding mode is proposed, and several features critical for catalysis are elucidated.