bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Lepidopterous Pests, 1993
Authors: Chalfant Richard B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set out on 25 Mar (Test 1) and 29 Apr (Test 2) at the UG, Coastal Plain Experiment Station Ponder Farm near Tifton. Plant spacing was 12 inches by 36 inches. Plots were two rows wide and 50 ft long. Treatments were replicated four times in a RCB design. Treatments were applied with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer equipped with three Spraying Systems TX12 hollow cone nozzles delivering 50 gpa at a pressure of 50 psi. A surfactant, Valent X-77, was included with all treatments at a concentration of 0.25%. Application dates were 26 Apr, 4, 11, 20, and 28 May. (Test 1) and 4, 11, 18, and 25 Jun (Test 2) Larval counts were made on five plants per plot on 10 and 24 May. and 2 Jun (Test 1), and 12 Jun and 1 Jul (Test 2). On 3 Jun (Test 1) and 1 Jul (Test 2), market quality was determined by scoring 10 heads per plot using a 0-5 scale as given in the Table. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were separated by LSD (P = 0.05).
Onion Thrips Management on Dry Onion, 1996
Authors: Mau R. F. L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Shimabuku R. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The insecticides were evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park. The field was set up in a RCB design with nine treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot consisted of four rows of plants planted at 8 inch between plant spacing. Each row consisted of 45 plants. Seedlings were transplanted into the field on 26 Sep. Treatments were applied using a compressed CO2 sprayer at 60 psi and 100 gpa. Silwet L-77 surfactant was used at a rate of 0.0625% v/v. One twin-jet nozzle (TJ-6502) was used per row. Treatments were applied at 7-day intervals. The first treatment was made 5 weeks after transplanting. A total of five applications were made (2, 12, 19,26 Nov, and 3 Dec).
Control of Armyworms and Pepper Weevil on Bell Pepper, Spring 1997
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplant were set 10 Mar, 12 inches apart on 8-inch-high and 32-inch-wide beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single row of 14 plants with rows on 5-ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a 2.5-gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 2, 7, 14, 21, 29 Apr, 5, 19, 27 May, 2, 11, 18, 25 Jun, 2 and 9 Jul. The sprayer was outfitted with a single nozzle with a D-5 disk and #45 core and delivered 100 gpa at 60 psi. Fruit were harvested on 21 May and 9 Jun. The number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae were determined. Fruit also were examined for the presence of oviposition scars on the outsides of the fruit and for the presence of larval feeding damage caused by the pepper weevil inside the fruit. On 14 Jul, all fruit were harvested and examined for the presence of oviposition scars and internal pepper weevil damage.
Green Peach Aphid Control with Foliar Sprays, 1997
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental plots were established on the UI Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, Idaho. Potatoes were planted on 28 Apr and irrigated by solid set sprinkler. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam. Seven treatments and one untreated check plot were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Individual treatment plots were 4 rows (36-inch row spacing) wide by 25 ft long with 5-ft alleyways separating the plots. Green peach aphids were mass reared on greenhouse mustard plants (Brassica juncea L. ‘Florida Broadleaf’) for release into individual plots. Aphid releases were made into test plots on 14 Jun. A total of four heavily infested leaves were used to inoculate each plot. Treatment sprays were broadcast applied using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer (30 psi) and delivering 20 gal finished S per acre (four, 10X hollow-cone nozzles). Aphid counts were made by non-destructively sampling leaves at random from the top, middle, and bottom sections of plants in the center two rows of each plot. The data collected and presented is the total no. of aphids per 20 leaves. On 25 Jun a pre-treatment count was made and all treatments were applied later that d. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Newman-Keuls multiple means comparison (Significance Level P = 0.05).
Control of Melon Thrips and Melon Worms on Zucchini Squash, Spring 1996
Authors: Seal Dakshina R. , McCord Elzie 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Zucchini squash was seeded in Rock-dale soil on 10 Mar, 1996. A RCB design was employed to provide 4 replicates each for 6 treatments comprising a plot size of 3 rows, 25 feet long. Insecticide applications were initiated after the appearance of either species and continued at approximately 7-day intervals beginning 4 Apr. Foliar insecticides were applied using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using 2 nozzles per row at 40 PSI delivering 100 gpa. No phytotoxicity was observed with either product. Evaluations were conducted 24 hours after each treatment. Melon thrips were evaluated by collecting 5 mature squash leaves per plot. Leaves were transported to the laboratory where they were washed in 70% alcohol and thrips counted under a microscope. All thrips were sexed and the number of males, females, and larvae counted separately. Melon worms were counted on 5 randomly selected plants per plot on the same dates.
Agri-Mek Adjuvant Study on Apple, 1997
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Krawczyk Grzegorz 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Five treatments of Agri-Mek 0.15EC plus various adjuvants and two treatments of an experimental insecticide were evaluated for their activity against various pests when applied at petal fall. The treatments were applied to single-tree plots in aRCB design consisting of four replicates of ‘Yorking’. Treated singletrees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. The trees were 9 year old and planted to a spacing of 20 X 30 ft. All treatments were applied with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa, driven at 2.4 mph. The date of application for all treatments was 20 May. All plots received a regular fungicide maintenance schedule of Benlate 50 DF, Dithane 75 DF, Nova 40 WP, and Ziram 76 WP and the insecticide Imidan 70 WP. All maintenance materials were applied using the alternate row middle method of application. The effect of the sprays on WALH was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs/25 injured leaves/tree. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on ERM and AF was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 random leaves/tree (100 leaves/treatment). STLM was evaluated by a 5-min count of tissue-feeding mines around the periphery of the trees at the end of the first and second generations. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Evaluation of Selected Foliar Insecticidesl for Control of Sweetpotato Weevil and Banded Cucumber Beetle on Sweetpotatoes, 1997
Authors: Story R. N. , Hammond A. M. , Murray M. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A test was conducted at the Burden Research Plantation, LSUAC, Baton Rouge, LA, to determine the efficacy of 15 insecticide treatments for the control of sweetpotato weevil and banded cucumber beetle. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. The cultivar ‘Beauregard’ was planted on 18 May. Plots were 3 rows wide (4 ft/row) and 30 ft long. Insecticides were applied on an approximately weekly ba-sis starting two months after transplanting (18, 23 Jul, 1,8, 14, 22, 29 Aug). A CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer was used (30 psi) with a single-row boom (20 inches wide) containing 3 nozzles (Cone Jet sx-10) and calibrated to deliver 25 gpa. Sweetpotatoes were harvested on Sept. 6 and rated for damage. From each plot 25 roots were randomly selected. The number of banded cucumber beetle holes per root, and the presence or absence of weevil damage was noted.
Control of Twospotted Mites on Greenhouse Tomatoes, 1997
Authors: Hall Michael , Shelton Richard 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two trials were conducted for evaluating the efficacy of several miticides for control of twospotted mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch, on greenhouse tomatoes. The materials evaluated and the rates at which they were applied included Alert 2 SC (0.050, 0.075 lb [AI]/acre), Agri-Mek 0.15 EC (0.009 lb [AI]/acre), Savey 50 WP (0.095, 0.165 lb [AI]/acre), and Kelthane MF (0.37 lb [AI]/acre). Kelthane MF was substituted for Agri-Mek 0.15 EC in the 2nd trial. Plots were arranged in a RCB design. Each treatment was replicated 3 times with 6 plants per replication, for a total of 18 plants per treatment. Tomatoes of the ‘Match’ variety were used in the 1st trial, while tomatoes of the ‘Trust’ variety were used in the 2nd trial. Pre- and post-treatment counts were done by removing a leaflet from each of six plants per replication, for a total of 18 leaflets per treatment. The leaflets were removed from a leaf selected at random midway up the plant. The leaflets were taken back to the laboratory where the number of mites and eggs were counted. Treatment applications were made using a 3-gallon, hand-held compressed-air sprayer. The plants were sprayed to runoff, ensuring that both the upper and the lower leaf surfaces were thoroughly covered. Check plants were sprayed with water only.
Management of Whiteflies, Bugs, and Leafminers on Fresh Market Tomatoes, Fall 1996
Authors: Schuster David J. , Polston Jane E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set 4 Sep, 18 inches apart on raised beds on EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots were 3-21 -ft-long rows on 5-ft centers and were irrigated by a seepage subirrigation system. Insecticidal treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Spray treatments were applied with a high-clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 13, 18, 23, 30 Sept, 9, 14, 21, 28 Oct, 4, 18, 25 Nov, 2 and 9 Dec. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and was outfitted with orange Albuz™ ceramic nozzles. The number of nozzles per row was increased from 4 to 8 to increase gallonage as the plants grew. Thus, 60 gpa was applied for the first six sprays (four nozzles), 90 gpa was applied for the seventh spray (six nozzles) and 120 gpa was applied for the remaining six sprays (eight nozzles). Admire treatments were applied in 4 oz water/plant on 4 Sep. All plots were sprayed weekly with Bacillus thuringiensis for control of army worm larvae. The terminal leaflet was collected from the 7-8th leaf from the top of one branch of each of 10 plants in the middle row of each plot on 30 Oct, 22 Nov, and 16 Dec. Numbers of crawlers, sessile nymphs, and pupae of SLWF were counted and the data were averaged over all dates for analysis. All of the plants in the two outer rows of each plot were examined weekly for symptoms of virus. There are two viruses present which have nearly indistinguishable symptoms: tomato mottle virus (ToMoV), a geminivirus vectored by the SLWF, and potato virus Y (PVY), a potyvirus vectored by several species of aphids. All red ripe fruits were harvested from the middle 10 plants of the middle row of each plot on 12 Oct, 20 Nov, 4 and 17 Dec. The fruits were separated by the presence or absence of thrips and damage by the bugs SGS + LF. These fruits were counted and weighed. Each fruit was also rated 1-4 for increasing severity of irregular ripening (IRR), a disorder caused by SLWF feeding. The numbers of leafmines by LM were counted during a 2-min search of the middle row of each plot on 17 Dec. At the end of the experiment, a sample of three terminal leaflets was collected from each plant with ToMoV symptoms in the checks. The samples were frozen for later determination of the presence of ToMoV using nucleic acid spot hybridization and the presence of PVY using ELIS A.
Insect Management on Fresh Market Tomatoes, Spring 1997B
Authors: Schuster David J. , Polston Jane E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
On 12 Mar, transplants were set 18 inches apart on raised beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black plyethylene mulch. Plots were 3-27-ft-long rows on 5-ft centers and were irrigated by a seepage subirrigation system. Insecticidal treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. CGA-293343 25WG was applied with a high-clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 2, 18 Apr, 5, 9, 16, 23, 30 May, and 6 Jun. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and was fitted with eight Al-buz orange nozzles per row delivering 60 gpa for the first application, 90 gpa for the next two applications, and 120 gpa for the remaining 5 applications. The Admire treatment was applied on 31 Mar and the CGA-293343 2SC treatments were applied on 2 Apr in 4 oz water/plant. Because of a very heavy population of southern armyworm larvae, applications of Mattch and Xentari were alternated weekly. All control and yield data were collected on the middle 10 plants of the middle row of each plot. The terminal leaflet was collected from a leaf from the 7th-8th leaf counting from the top of each often plants on 9, 16, 21, 29 Apr, 8, 13, 21, 28 May, 4 and 11 Jun. The numbers of crawlers (1st instar), sessile nymphs (2nd and 3rd instars) and pupae (4th instar or red eye nymphs) of the silverleaf whitefly were counted. All plants in each plot were examined weekly for symptoms of tomato mottle geminivirus (To-MoV) which is vectored by the silverleaf whitefly. All red ripe fruit were harvested on 27 May, 2 and 11 Jun and the fruit were separated by the presence of southern armyworm, thrips (fruit with five or more oviposition dimples on blossom end) and stink bug damage. Fruit were rated \-4 as follows for increasing severity of external symptoms of irregular ripening: ‘ 1’ = fruit without a pronounced yellow star at the blossom end; ‘2’ = a star at the blossom end radiating toward the calyx; ‘3’ or ‘4’ = &lt;30% or &gt;30% of the fruit surface unripened, respectively.
Efficacy of Soil Applied Insecticides for Control of Corn Rootworm Larvae in First-Year Corn Following Soybeans, 1997
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Steffey K. L. , Gray M. E. , Finger J. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A trial was established at Urbana, IL, to evaluate the efficacy of soil applied insecticides in a field of first-year corn following soybeans for control of corn rootworm larvae. Each treatment was applied to a single 65-ft-long row. A RCB designwith four replications was used. Included within each replication were two untreated check plots. Data collected from the untreated plots were averaged for the ANOVA. Granular insecticides applied at planting were metered through computer-controlled SmartBox (SBX) granular applicators or Noble units mounted on each row of the ALMACO four-row precision planter and applied in-furrow or in a 7-inch band ahead of the firming wheels on the planter. Spring tines mounted behind each planter unit were used to incorporate the insecticide. All rates are specified as lb (AI)/acre based on 30-inch row spacing. Lorsban 4 E was applied in a band at planting with a single 80067 nozzle calibrated to deliver 3.3 gpa at 16 psi and 3.0 mph. Liquid treatments of Regent 4 SC 0.13 lb (AI)/acre and Regent 4 SC 0.095 lb (AI)/acre were applied using microtubes directed into the furrow and calibrated to deliver 1.0 gpa at 20 psi and mph.
Tufted Apple Bud Moth Control Tactics for Apple, 1997
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Krawczyk Grzegorz 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental and registered treatments were applied to replicated 12 to 15 tree plots in a RCB design. Each plot consisted of alternating trees of ‘Yorking’, and ‘Golden Delicious’. These trees were planted to a spacing of 18 X 25 ft and were 18 years old. Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster ‘309’ calibrated to deliver either 100 GPA at 2.4 mph or 50 GPA at 2.5 mph. All applications were made as complete sprays except for the second RH-2485 treatment and the Confirm treatments, which were applied as alternate row middle (ARM) applications. Spray timings were based on the accumulation of degree days from first sustained adult moth capture in a sex pheromone trap (13 May) in order to predict various percentages of egg hatch for each brood of TABM. TABM egg hatch data were generated from an adjacent block of apples where TABM egg hatch was monitored on a daily basis throughout the season. Degree day calculations were based on minimum and maximum developmental thresholds of 45°Fand91°F, respectively. Refer to the first table for a listing of treatments, gallonage, method and date of application, and degree day calculations. A routine schedule of fungicides (Benlate 50 DF, Penncozeb 75 DF, Rubigan 1 EC, and Ziram 76 WP) was maintained throughout the experiment. The effect of the sprays on WALH was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs/25 injured leaves/tree (cv. Yorking). Effectiveness of the test chemicals on the ERM, TSSM, and AF was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 random leaves/tree (cv. Yorking), 100 leaves/treatment. The cumulative number of mite day s per leaf was calculated for certain treatments from 17 Jun to 12 Aug. The effect of sprays on the predator SP was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the same trees. STLM was evaluated by a 5-min count of tissue-feeding mines around the periphery of the trees at the end of each generation. On each sampling date, the total number of mines observed within 5 min regardless of their location on the tree were counted. The number of natural enemies of the spirea aphid were counted in a 5-min examination around the periphery of the center ‘Yorking’ tree. Shelters of the various leafrollers were counted in a 5-min examination of each plot tree on 22 Jul. All larvae were collected and returned to the laboratory for identification. Effectiveness of the treatments on fruit feeders on ‘Golden Delicious’ was assessed by scoring for injury a harvest sample of 100 fruit per tree from each of two center trees per replicate starting on 22 Sep and up to 25 dropped fruit per tree. For ‘Yorking’, injury was assessed on 200 picked fruit per tree from the 2 center trees in each replicate and up to 35 dropped apples per tree starting on 15 Oct. Pest pressure was moderate to heavy throughout the season.
Evaluation of Thrips Densities in At-Planting Seed and Soil Treatments on a Sharkey Clay Soil, 1997
Authors: Cook D. R. , Burris E. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were replicated four times in a RCB design and were four rows (40 inch centers) X 45 ft. ‘StoneviUe 474’ cotton seed was planted on a Sharkey clay soil on 5 May at the rate of 4 seed/row ft. Cotton seed was planted with a John Deere 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10-inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with 8-inch belt-cone applicators mounted to replace the standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2-charged spray system through 25015 nozzles (l/row) mounted in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and calibrated to deliver 5 gpa finished spray. Control of thrips was assessed by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot at 7, 11, 16, 19, 23, 27, 31, and 35 days after emergence (DAE). Plant samples were washed to remove insects. Major past and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. Percent open bolls was determined on 3 Sep. Samples of 25 bolls/plot were collected and ginned on a laboratory gin to determine lint percentage for each plot. These data were then used to determine lint yield. Plots were harvested on 19 Sep and 2 Oct. The center two rows were mechanically harvested using a John Deere spindle-type picker. Yields were con-verted to lb lint/acre.
Evaluation of an Insecticide Rescue Treatment Against Bollworm, 1997
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of selected insecticide treatments was evaluated against an established infestation of BW at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station. Cotton seed was planted 29 May in plots consisting of 4 rows (40-inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design and replicated 6 times. Applications were made with a high-clearance sprayer and CO2-charged system calibrated to deliver 6 gpa through Teejet TX-8 hollow-cone nozzles (2/row) at 47 psi. Insecticides were applied on 6 Aug. Treatments were evaluated using two methods. In the first, 5 BW larval infested bolls were removed from each plot 2 h after treatment, placed in 20-ml plastic vials, and transported to the laboratory. Mortality of BW larvae was determined at 2 DAT and 4 DAT. In the second procedure, a field sample of 100 random bolls was taken from each plot and examined for damage and live larvae at 5 DAT. Rainfall did not influence the efficacy of these treatments. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and means were separated according to DMRT.
Evaluation of Selected In-Furrow Applied Insecticides/Nematicides, with and Without an Additional Foliar Insecticide Band, for Control of Thrips on Cotton, 1997
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Delta and Pine Land 51’ cotton was planted 2 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA using a 36-inch row spacing. In-furrow treatments (IF) were applied at the time of planting using tractor-mounted inverted jars with lid holes calibrated to deliver exact amounts via gravity. Gaucho 480 seed treatment was applied commercially. The foliar band was applied in a 12- to 14-inch band over the row with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17.0 gpa at 22 psi through one 8004E flat-fan nozzle per row. A RCB design was used with 4 replicates. Plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Thrips injury to plants was visually rated on a 0 to 5 scale: 0 = no thrips induced plant injury, 1 = 10% injured leaves, no bud injury; 2 = 25% injured leaves, no bud injury; 3 = 75% injured leaves, and 0 to 25% buds injured; 4 = 90% injured leaves, and greater than 25% buds injured; and 5 = dead plants. Flowers were counted on 23 and 30 Jul, and open bolls were counted on 15 and 22 Sep in the 2 center rows of each plot. Yield was determined by harvesting the two center rows of each plot (80 row ft per plot) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Lint values were calculated as 37% of total plot weights, assuming 63% was seed and trash. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD, or Duncan’s New Multiple Range statistical procedures.
Evaluation of In-Furrow Insecticides for Control of Thrips on Cotton, 1997B
Authors: Howell Michael S. , Reed Jack T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated at the North Mississippi Research and Extension Center in Verona, Mississippi, in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plot size was 4 rows wide (38-inch row spacing) by fifty feet long. Granula insecticides applied in-furrow at planting on 12 May were applied with belt-cone applicators. Liquid insecticides were applied with a CO2-powered plot applicator with a single 9001 VF flat-fan nozzle per row turned to direct the spray into the seed furrow and calibrated to apply 10 gpa at 2 mph. Five plants/plot were collected at random by cutting plants at ground level with scissors and gently placing them into Ziploc bags for transport to the lab. Thrips were then washed off from samples onto filter paper for counting. Adults were identified to species under a dissection miscroscope. During the thrips evaluation, there was a total of 10.81 inches of rainfall, and adequate rainfall continued throughout the growing season. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot, and calculating lb of seed cotton per acre based on measurement of the ac-tual area picked. Cotton was picked only once.