bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in State Laws Governing School Reintegration Following Concussion
Authors: Thompson Leah L. , Lyons Vivian H. , McCart Melissa , Herring Stanley A. , Rivara Frederick P. , Vavilala Monica S. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:
We sought to examine the prevalence, scope, and specificity of provisions governing school reintegration in current state concussion laws.

METHODS:
State concussion laws as of May 2016 were independently assessed and classified by 2 trained coders. Statutes were classified as “Return-to-Learn” (RTL) laws if they contained language mandating institutional action at the state, district, or school level related to academic reintegration of youth who have sustained a concussion. All statutes classified as RTL laws were further analyzed to determine scope, required actions, and delineation of responsibility.

RESULTS:
RTL laws were uncommon, present in only 8 states. Most (75%) of these laws held schools responsible for RTL management but mandated RTL education for school personnel was less frequent, present in only one-quarter of the laws. None of the RTL laws provided guidance on support of students with persistent postconcussive symptoms, and only 1 recommended an evidence-based standard for RTL guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our review of state concussion laws indicates scant and vague legal guidance regarding RTL. These findings suggest an opportunity for legislative action on the issue of RTL, and reveal the need for better integration of laws and research, so that laws reflect existing best-practice recommendations and remain current as the evidence base develops.
Flavored Electronic Cigarette Use and Smoking Among Youth
Authors: Dai Hongying , Hao Jianqiang 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Flavored electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are not prohibited in the United States, and e-cigarette flavors proliferate on the market. This study sought to examine flavored e-cigarette use and its association with smoking among youth.

METHODS:
Estimates of flavored e-cigarette use from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey were investigated. A logistic regression model was used to assess whether flavored e-cigarette use was associated with (1) intention to initiate cigarette use among never-smoking youth (n = 16 471), (2) intention to quit tobacco use among current-smoking youth (n = 1338), and (3) perception of tobacco’s danger among all respondents (n = 21 491).

RESULTS:
A total of 2017 respondents reported using e-cigarettes in the last 30 days, of whom 1228 (60.9%) reported using flavored e-cigarettes. Among never-smoking youth, 55.6% (288) of current e-cigarette users reported using flavored e-cigarettes. Among current smokers, 68.4% (495) of current e-cigarette users reported using flavored e-cigarettes. Compared with not using e-cigarettes in the past 30 days, using flavored e-cigarettes was associated with higher odds of intention to initiate cigarette use among never-smoking youth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.7; P &lt; .0001), lower odds of intention to quit tobacco use among current-smoking youth (aOR = 0.6; P = .006), and a lower prevalence of perception of tobacco’s danger among all respondents (aOR = 0.5; P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Flavored e-cigarette use is associated with increased risks of smoking among youth. Comprehensive tobacco control and prevention strategies that address flavored e-cigarette products are critically needed to reduce tobacco use among youth.
Efektivitas Pelaksanaan One Day Service (ODS) di Badan Pelayanan Perijinan Terpadu Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Yuliani Christin , Agustina Isna Fitria 
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to describe the government's role on the public service providers in implementing One Day Service Program (ODS) in the Integrated Licensing Service Agency, Sidoarjo Regency and determine its supporting and inhibiting factors program. The method used descriptive qualitative. The data collected from Licensing Services Integrated Agency, Sidoarjo Regency. The informants in this research are Head of Licensing Services Integrated Agency Sidoarjo Regency, head of business license sector, Customer Service (CS), and the customer. The results showed that the effectiveness of One Day Service (ODS) implementation in the scope of district by Licensing Services Integrated Agency, Sidoarjo Regency run effectively and accordance with six (6) service standards set by the government. It was procedures, the time of completion, cost of service, product service, and facilities. Some of supporting factors in the effectiveness of its program included employees of Licensing Services Integrated Agency, Sidoarjo Regency which has considerable experience and have the ability / expertise; the availability of complete facilities included computer / laptop, printer, desk, chair, internet, and other facilities. While, some of inhibiting factors effectiveness of its program included lack of socialization time, lack of awareness of officials at the district level, and lack of an active role of village officials.
Gerakan Sosial Korban LUSI (Lumpur Sidoarjo)
Authors: Octaviani Ricka , Eka Reza Shintia , Alfin K Dwi 
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to describe the forms of social movements Sidoarjo mud victim (LUSI) and to describe the factors supporting and inhibiting of the formation of social movements Sidoarjo mud victim (LUSI). The method in this research used descriptive qualitative research. Based on the research, showed that social movements Sidoarjo mud victim was a movement that is arising from a sense of common destiny that wants to fight for compensation due Lapindo mud disaster. Some forms of social movements such as KLM (mud victims sue), GKLL (movement Lapindo mud victims), PPKL (community care of mud victims) and social movements is initiated by the leader of the neighborhood. Some of the supporting factors to form of social movements victims included tighten the relationship of victims; movement to reach agreement on compensation; as supervisor of payment of compensation; as well as a movement justice for the victims. While the factors inhibiting included Sidoarjo Mud Management Agency hard to be found; the leadership of the government was not facilitating the communication between the victim and the Sidoarjo Mud Management Agency; demonstrations or meeting with leaders so difficult; as well as different perception among NGO's with the social movements.
Kontribusi Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2) bagi Peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah di Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Nurbawono Surendro 
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study first, to determine and analyze the problems in delegating authority management of land and building tax of rural and urban from central government to the Sidoarjo Regency governments. Second, determine and analyze the contribution of land and building tax of rural and urban for improvement local revenue in the Sidoarjo Regency. The research method used qualitative approach. The results showed first, the problem condition concluded inconsistencies related regulations in delegating credit to the Sidoarjo Regency government. Second, the contribution of its authority delegation increased revenue until 100%, balancing the interests of budgetary for discretionary policies in the regency/city, explored potential revenue for a wider network of bureaucracy, improved the quality of services to taxpayers, as well as improved accountability for the use of land and building tax of rural and urban.
Bacterial Colonization in the Marginal Region of Ceramic Restorations: Effects of Different Cement Removal Methods and Polishing
Authors: Pereira SMB , Anami LC , Pereira CA , Souza ROA , Kantorski KZ , Bottino MA , Jorge AOC , Valandro LF 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARY
This study evaluated the effects of excess cement removal techniques, with or without subsequent polishing, on biofilm formation and micromorphology in the marginal region of the tooth/restoration. From bovine teeth, 96 dentin blocks (4 × 8 × 2 mm) were produced, molded, and reproduced in type IV gypsum, on which 96 pressed ceramic blocks (Vita PM9, Vita Zahnfabrik; 4 × 8 × 2 mm) were produced via the lost wax technique. The dentin blocks and their respective ceramic blocks were cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200, 3M ESPE), and cement excess was removed from the margin using four different techniques, followed or not by polishing with silicone rubber tips: MBr, removal with microbrush and photoactivation; MBr-Pol, MBr + polishing; Br, removal with brush and photoactivation; Br-Pol, Br + polishing; Photo-Expl, 5 seconds of initial photoactivation, removal with explorer, and final curing; Photo-Expl-Pol, Photo-Expl + polishing; Photo-SB, 5 seconds of initial photoactivation, removal with scalpel, and final curing; and Photo-SB-Pol, Photo-SB + polishing. After 24 hours, the roughness in the marginal region was analyzed using a profilometer (three measurements on each sample). Micromorphological analyses of the region were performed by stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then the samples were contaminated with sucrose broth standardized suspension with Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans and incubated for a period of 48 hours. The samples were quantitatively analyzed for bacterial adherence in the marginal region by confocal laser scanning microscopy and counting of colony-forming units (CFUs/mL) and qualitatively analyzed using SEM. Roughness data (Ra) were submitted to two-way analysis of variance, Tukey test at a confidence level of 95%, and Student t-tests. CFU, biomass, and biothickness data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Dunn tests. The removing technique statistically influenced Ra (MBr, p=0.0019; Br, p=0.002; Photo-Expl, p=0.0262; Photo-SB, p=0.0196) when comparing the polished and unpolished groups. The MBr and MBr-Pol technique differed significantly for CFU/mL values (p=0.010). There was no significant difference in the amounts of biomass and biothickness comparing polished and unpolished groups and when all groups were compared (p&gt;0.05). Different morphological patterns were observed (more regular surface for polished groups). We conclude that margin polishing after cementation of feldspar/pressed ceramic restorations is decisive for achieving smoother surfaces, as the excess cement around the edges can increase the surface roughness in these areas, influencing bacterial adhesion.
Influence of the Compliance and Layering Method on the Wall Deflection of Simulated Cavities in Bulk-fill Composite Restoration
Authors: Kim Y-J , Kim R , Ferracane JL , Lee I-B 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARY
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the layering method and compliance on the wall deflection of simulated cavities in bulk-fill and conventional composite restorations and to examine the relationships between the wall deflection and the polymerization shrinkage, flexural modulus, and polymerization shrinkage stress of composites. Six light-cured composites were used in this study. Two of these were conventional methacrylate-based composites (Filtek Z250 and Filtek Z350 XT Flowable [Z350F]), whereas four were bulk-fill composites (SonicFill, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill, SureFil SDR Flow [SDR], and Filtek Bulk-Fill). One hundred eighty aluminum molds simulating a mesio-occluso-distal cavity (6 W×8 L×4 D mm) were prepared and classified into three groups with mold wall thicknesses of 1, 2, and 3 mm. Each group was further subdivided according to the composite layering method (bulk or incremental layering). Linear variable differential transformer probes were used to measure the mold wall deflection of each composite (n=5) over a period of 2000 seconds (33.3 minutes). The polymerization shrinkage, flexural modulus, and polymerization shrinkage stress of the six composites were also measured. All groups with bulk filling exhibited significantly higher deflection compared with groups with incremental layering. The deflection decreased as mold wall thickness increased. The highest and lowest polymerization shrinkage stresses were recorded for Z350F (5.07 MPa) and SDR (1.70 MPa), respectively. The correlation between polymerization shrinkage and the mold wall deflection decreased with increasing wall thickness. On the other hand, the correlation between flexural modulus and the mold wall deflection increased with increasing wall thickness. For all groups, wall deflection correlated strongly with polymerization shrinkage stress.
Influence of Finishing and Polishing Techniques and Abrasion on Transmittance and Roughness of Composite Resins
Authors: Carneiro PMA , Ramos TM , de Azevedo CS , de Lima E , de Souza SHJ , Turbino ML , Cesar PF , Matos AB 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of finishing and polishing systems and toothbrush abrasion on transmittance (T) and surface roughness (Ra) of three composite resins (Filtek Z350 XT, Tetric N-Ceram, and IPS Empress Direct). Eighteen resin disks (10 mm diameter × 2 mm thick) finished by polyester strips had initial surface smoothness recorded, representing phase 1 (P1). Specimens were divided into three groups (n=6) according to the finishing/polishing instrument used (OneGloss, TopGloss, and Sof-Lex) to compose phase 2 samples (P2). Then specimens were subjected to 514 cycles of toothbrush simulation using a toothpaste slurry, with a constant load applied to soft bristles, and were then washed (phase 3=P3). After each phase, the specimens were examined by an optical profiler and spectrophotometer to measure Ra and T. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, Tukey and Pearson tests. T values were statistically influenced by composite resin ( p=0.000) and phase of measurement ( p=0.000) factors, while the finishing/polishing system used ( p=0.741) did not affect T. On the other hand, Ra values were statistically affected by the factor finishing/polishing system ( p=0.000), but not by composite resin ( p=0.100) and phase of measurement ( p=0.451). Tetric N-Ceram and Empress Direct presented higher values of roughness when polished by OneGloss, while TopGloss and Sof-Lex showed a lower roughness. It can be concluded that composite resins transmitted more light after dental abrasion. Transmittance of composite resins was not modified by the distinct roughness created by finishing/polishing instruments.
Hospitales españoles en la web social. Gestión de Facebook y Twitter por el Hospital Sant Joan de Dèu (Barcelona)
Authors: Costa-Sánchez Carmen , Túñez-López Miguel , Videla-Rodríguez José-Juan 
Published: November 2016

Se analiza la presencia de los hospitales españoles con mejor reputación en la Web participativa y se profundiza en el estudio de caso de uno de ellos, el Hospital Sant Joan de Dèu (Barcelona). El objetivo es doble: diagnosticar la adopción general de social media y evaluar la gestión de Facebook y Twitter por uno de los hospitales más destacados. Metodología. Se combina un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal con el análisis de contenido para el estudio de caso. Resultados y conclusiones. Solo un 50% de los hospitales españoles utilizan Facebook, Twitter o YouTube como canales de comunicación. Los porcentajes descienden por debajo del 30% para el resto de medios sociales. El hospital analizado se convierte en educador en salud en sus principales redes 2.0. Las publicaciones con mayor impacto social son aquellas relacionadas con temáticas sensibles, así como proyectos individuales y solidarios que implican a la red propia del agente en cuestión.
Job Placement Agencies in an Artificial Labor Market
Authors: Wozniak Marcin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, an agent-based search and matching (ABSAM) model of a local labor market with heterogeneous agents and an on-the-job search is developed, i.e. job seekers who vary in unemployment duration, skills levels and preferences compete for vacancies which differ for skills demands and the sector of the economy. Job placement agencies help unemployed persons find appropriate job vacancies by improving their search effectiveness and by sharing job advertisements. These agents cooperate in an artificial labor market where the key economic conditions are imposed. The interactions between the participants are drawn directly from labor market search theory. The main research task was to measure the direct and indirect impacts of labor market policies on labor market outcomes. The global parameters of the ABSAM model were calibrated with the Latin hypercube sampling technique for one of the largest urban areas in Poland. To study the impact of parameters on model output, two global sensitivity analysis methods were used, i.e. Morris screening and Sobol indices. The results show that the job placement agencies’ services, as well as minimum wage and unemployment benefits, considerably interact with and influence unemployment and longterm unemployment ratios, wage levels, duration of periods of unemployment, skills demand, and worker turnover. Moreover, strong indirect effects were detected, e.g. programs aimed at one group of job seekers affected other job seekers and the whole economy. This impacts are sometimes positive and sometimes negative.
Concentration, sources and light absorption characteristics of
dissolved organic carbon on a medium-sized valley glacier, northern
Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yan Fangping , Kang Shichang , Li Chaoliu , Zhang Yulan , Qin Xiang , Li Yang , Zhang Xiaopeng , Hu Zhaofu , Chen Pengfei , Li Xiaofei , Qu Bin , Sillanpää Mika 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Light-absorbing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) constitutes a major part of the organic carbon in glacierized regions, and has important influences on the carbon cycle and radiative forcing of glaciers. However, few DOC data are currently available from the glacierized regions of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this study, DOC characteristics of a medium-sized valley glacier (Laohugou Glacier No. 12, LHG) on the northern TP were investigated. Generally, DOC concentrations on LHG were comparable to those in other regions around the world. DOC concentrations in snow pits, surface snow and surface ice (superimposed ice) were 332 ± 132, 229 ± 104 and 426 ± 270 µg L−1, respectively. The average discharge-weighted DOC of proglacial stream water was 238 ± 96 µg L−1, and the annual DOC flux released from this glacier was estimated to be 6949 kg C yr−1, of which 46.2 % of DOC was bioavailable and could be decomposed into CO2 within 1 month of its release. The mass absorption cross section (MAC) of DOC at 365 nm was 1.4 ± 0.4 m2 g−1 in snow and 1.3 ± 0.7 m2 g−1 in ice, similar to the values for dust transported from adjacent deserts. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between DOC and Ca2+; therefore, mineral dust transported from adjacent arid regions likely made important contributions to DOC of the glacierized regions, although contributions from autochthonous carbon and autochthonous/heterotrophic microbial activity cannot be ruled out. The radiative forcing of snow pit DOC was calculated to be 0.43 W m−2, demonstrating that DOC in snow needs to be taken into consideration in accelerating melt of glaciers on the TP.
Digital Transformations?: Gendering the End User in Digital Government Policy
Authors: Martin Fiona , Goggin Gerard 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Digital government strategies espouse user-centric design and citizen participation, but it is unclear how they explicitly address the needs of women, who are significant users of health, social welfare, and aged-care services. This article analyzes how Australia's 2015 Digital Transformations initiative, based on the British Gov.uk program, attends to international benchmarks for gender equality and empowerment in ICT policy. It finds gender awareness absent from construction of a service end user, with disability and ethnicity constituting the markers of sociocultural difference. In response it proposes gender-aware codesign principles for developing more equitable, effective online service delivery.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Mutational Status of Succinate Dehydrogenase Genes in Paraganglioma of the Urinary Bladder: A Multi-Institutional Korean Study
Authors: Park Sanghui , Kang So Young , Kwon Ghee Young , Kwon Ji Eun , Kim Sang Kyum , Kim Ji Yeon , Kim Chul Hwan , Kim Hyun-Jung , Moon Kyung Chul , Pyo Ju Yeon , Park Won Young , Park Eun Su , Sung Ji-Youn , Sung Sun Hee , Oh Young-Ha , Lee Seung Eun , Lee Wonae , Lee Jong Im , Cho Nam Hoon , Jung Soo Jin , Cho Min-Sun , Cho Yong Mee , Cho Hyun Yee , Cha Eun Jung , Chae Yang-Seok , Choe Gheeyoung , Choi Yeong Jin , Huh Jooryung , Ro Jae Y. 
Published: November 2016

Context.—Because of the limited number of available primary bladder paraganglioma (PBPG) cases, the rates of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) mutations and the clinicopathologic characteristics of SDH-deficient tumors have not been fully studied.Objective.—To define the clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of PBPGs.Design.—A total of 52 PBPGs were collected retrospectively. SDHA and SDHB immunohistochemical stains were performed. In cases of SDHB expression loss, mutation analyses of SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD were performed.Results.—The clinicopathologic features were analyzed for 52 cases (M:F = 27:25), with a mean age of 56 years (range, 22–79 years). Tumor sizes were 0.5 to 8 cm (mean, 2.4 cm). Tumor necrosis was present in 5 of 52 cases (10%), involvement of muscularis propria in 41 (79%), and lymphovascular tumor invasion in 6 (12%). During a mean follow-up period of 41 months (range, 1–161 months), 3 of 52 patients (6%) developed metastases, but no one died from the disease. Immunohistochemistry for SDHA and SDHB showed that all cases were SDHA intact. Among them, 43 cases had intact SDHB, whereas 9 cases were SDHB deficient. Compared with the SDHB-intact cases, the SDHB-deficient cases were characterized by large tumor sizes (4.5 versus 1.9 cm; P &lt; .001), a higher number of mitoses per 10 high-powered fields (2.6 versus 0.1; P = .002), and frequent lymphovascular tumor invasion (33% versus 7%; P = .02) and metastases (22% versus 2%; P = .02). Mutational analyses for SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD were performed in 9 SDHB-deficient cases. Among them, 6 cases were successfully sequenced and revealed SDHB mutations only.Conclusions.—Large tumor size, a higher number of mitoses, and the presence of lymphovascular tumor invasion and SDHB mutations suggest malignant paraganglioma.