bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PAI: Predicting adenosine to inosine editing sites by using pseudo nucleotide compositions
Authors: Chen Wei , Feng Pengmian , Ding Hui , Lin Hao 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing is the most prevalent kind of RNA editing and involves in many biological processes. Accurate identification of A-to-I editing site is invaluable for better understanding its biological functions. Due to the limitations of experimental methods, in the present study, a support vector machine based-model, called PAI, is proposed to identify A-to-I editing site in D. melanogaster. In this model, RNA sequences are encoded by “pseudo dinucleotide composition” into which six RNA physiochemical properties were incorporated. PAI achieves promising performances in jackknife test and independent dataset test, indicating that it holds very high potential to become a useful tool for identifying A-to-I editing site. For the convenience of experimental scientists, a web-server was constructed for PAI and it is freely accessible at http://lin.uestc.edu.cn/server/PAI.
Capturing coupled riparian and coastal disturbance from industrial mining using cloud-resilient satellite time series analysis
Authors: Alonzo Michael , Van Den Hoek Jamon , Ahmed Nabil 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe socio-ecological impacts of large scale resource extraction are frequently underreported in underdeveloped regions. The open-pit Grasberg mine in Papua, Indonesia, is one of the world’s largest copper and gold extraction operations. Grasberg mine tailings are discharged into the lowland Ajkwa River deposition area (ADA) leading to forest inundation and degradation of water bodies critical to indigenous peoples. The extent of the changes and temporal linkages with mining activities are difficult to establish given restricted access to the region and persistent cloud cover. Here, we introduce remote sensing methods to “peer through” atmospheric contamination using a dense Landsat time series to simultaneously quantify forest loss and increases in estuarial suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration. We identified 138 km2of forest loss between 1987 and 2014, an area >42 times larger than the mine itself. Between 1987 and 1998, the rate of disturbance was highly correlated (Pearson’sr = 0.96) with mining activity. Following mine expansion and levee construction along the ADA in the mid-1990s, we recorded significantly (p < 0.05) higher SPM in the Ajkwa Estuary compared to neighboring estuaries. This research provides a means to quantify multiple modes of ecological damage from mine waste disposal or other disturbance events.
Bone marrow-derived macrophages distinct from tissue-resident macrophages play a pivotal role in Concanavalin A-induced murine liver injury via CCR9 axis
Authors: Amiya Takeru , Nakamoto Nobuhiro , Chu Po-sung , Teratani Toshiaki , Nakajima Hideaki , Fukuchi Yumi , Taniki Nobuhito , Yamaguchi Akihiro , Shiba Shunsuke , Miyake Rei , Katayama Tadashi , Ebinuma Hirotoshi , Kanai Takanori 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe fundamental mechanism how heterogeneous hepatic macrophage (Mφ) subsets fulfill diverse functions in health and disease has not been elucidated. We recently reported that CCR9+ inflammatory Mφs play a critical role in the course of acute liver injury. To clarify the origin and differentiation of CCR9+Mφs, we used a unique partial bone marrow (BM) chimera model with liver shielding for maintaining hepatic resident Mφs. First, irradiated mice developed less liver injury with less Mφs accumulation by Concanavalin A (Con A) regardless of liver shielding. In mice receiving further BM transplantation, CD11blowF4/80high hepatic-resident Mφs were not replaced by transplanted donors under steady state, while under inflammatory state by Con A, CCR9+Mφs were firmly replaced by donors, indicating that CCR9+Mφs originate from BM, but not from hepatic-resident cells. Regarding the mechanism of differentiation and proliferation, EdU+CCR9+Mφs with a proliferative potential were detected specifically in the inflamed liver, and in vitro study revealed that BM-derived CD11b+ cells co-cultured with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) or stimulated with retinoic acids could acquire CCR9 with antigen-presenting ability. Collectively, our study demonstrates that inflammatory Mφs originate from BM and became locally differentiated and proliferated by interaction with HSCs via CCR9 axis during acute liver injury.
Magnetocaloric Properties of Fe-Ni-Cr Nanoparticles for Active Cooling
Authors: Chaudhary V. , Ramanujan R.V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLow cost, earth abundant, rare earth free magnetocaloric nanoparticles have attracted an enormous amount of attention for green, energy efficient, active near room temperature thermal management. Hence, we investigated the magnetocaloric properties of transition metal based (Fe70Ni30)100−xCrx (x = 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7) nanoparticles. The influence of Cr additions on the Curie temperature (TC) was studied. Only 5% of Cr can reduce the TC from ~438 K to 258 K. These alloys exhibit broad entropy v/s temperature curves, which is useful to enhance relative cooling power (RCP). For a field change of 5 T, the RCP for (Fe70Ni30)99Cr1 nanoparticles was found to be 548 J-kg−1. Tunable TCin broad range, good RCP, low cost, high corrosion resistance and earth abundance make these nanoparticles suitable for low-grade waste heat recovery as well as near room temperature active cooling applications.
Engineered Human Ferritin Nanoparticles for Direct Delivery of Tumor Antigens to Lymph Node and Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Lee Bo-Ram , Ko Ho Kyung , Ryu Ju Hee , Ahn Keum Young , Lee Young-Ho , Oh Se Jin , Na Jin Hee , Kim Tae Woo , Byun Youngro , Kwon Ick Chan , Kim Kwangmeyung , Lee Jeewon 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEfficient delivery of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) to lymph nodes (LNs) is essential to eliciting robust immune response for cancer immunotherapy but still remains unsolved. Herein, we evaluated the direct LN-targeting performance of four different protein nanoparticles with different size, shape, and origin [Escherichia coliDNA binding protein (DPS),Thermoplasma acidophilumproteasome (PTS), hepatitis B virus capsid (HBVC), and human ferritin heavy chain (hFTN)] in live mice, using an optical fluorescence imaging system. Based on the imaging results, hFTN that shows rapid LN targeting and prolonged retention in LNs was chosen as a carrier of the model TSA [red fluorescence protein (RFP)], and the flexible surface architecture of hFTN was engineered to densely present RFPs on the hFTN surface through genetic modification of subunit protein of hFTN. The RFP-modified hFTN rapidly targeted LNs, sufficiently exposed RFPs to LN immune cells during prolonged period of retention in LNs, induced strong RFP-specific cytotoxic CD8+T cell response, and notably inhibited RFP-expressing melanoma tumor growth in live mice. This suggests that the strategy using protein nanoparticles as both TSA-carrying scaffold and anti-cancer vaccine holds promise for clinically effective immunotherapy of cancer.
One-step Maskless Fabrication and Optical Characterization of Silicon Surfaces with Antireflective Properties and a White Color Appearance
Authors: Schneider Ling , Feidenhans’l Nikolaj A. , Telecka Agnieszka , Taboryski Rafael J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe report a simple one-step maskless fabrication of inverted pyramids on silicon wafers by reactive ion etching. The fabricated surface structures exhibit excellent anti-reflective properties: The total reflectance of the nano inverted pyramids fabricated by our method can be as low as 12% without any anti-reflective layers, and down to only 0.33% with a silicon nitride coating. The results from angle resolved scattering measurements indicate that the existence of triple reflections is responsible for the reduced reflectance. The surfaces with the nano inverted pyramids also exhibit a distinct milky white color.
Hydrophilic Graphene Preparation from Gallic Acid Modified Graphene Oxide in Magnesium Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis Process
Authors: Cao Lei , Li Zhenhuan , Su Kunmei , Cheng Bowen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHydrophilic graphene sheets were synthesized from a mixture of magnesium and gallic acid (GA) modified graphene oxide (GO) in a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) process, and hydrophilic graphene sheets displayed the higher C/O ratio (16.36), outstanding conductivity (~88900 S/m) and excellent water-solubility. GO sheets were connected together by GA, and GA was captured to darn GO structure defects through the formation of hydrogen bonds and ester bonds. In SHS process, the most oxygen ions of GO reacted with magnesium to prevent the escape of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide to from the structure defects associated with vacancies, and GA could take place the high-temperature carbonization, during which a large-area graphene sheets formed with a part of the structure defects being repaired. When only GO was reduced by magnesium in SHS process, and the reduced GO (rGO) exhibited the smaller sheets, the lower C/O ratio (15.26), the weaker conductivity (4200 S/m) and the poor water-solubility because rGO inevitably left behind carbon vacancies and topological defects. Therefore, the larger sheet, less edge defects and free structure defects associated with vacancies play a key role for graphene sheets good dispersion in water.
Fabrication of an antibody-aptamer sandwich assay for electrochemical evaluation of levels of β-amyloid oligomers
Authors: Zhou Yanli , Zhang Huanqing , Liu Lantao , Li Congming , Chang Zhu , Zhu Xu , Ye Baoxian , Xu Maotian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAmyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in its oligomeric form is often considered as the most toxic species in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and thus Aβ oligomer is a potentially promising candidate biomarker for AD diagnosis. The development of a sensitive and reliable method for monitoring the Aβ oligomer levels in body fluids is an urgent requirement in order to predict the severity and progression at early or preclinical stages of AD. Here, we show a proof of concept for a sensitive and specific detection of Aβ oligomers by an antibody-aptamer sandwich assay. The antibodies of Aβ oligomers and a nanocomposite of gold nanoparticles with aptamer and thionine (aptamer-Au-Th) were used as the recognition element and the detection probe for specifically binding to Aβ oligomers, respectively. The electrochemical signal of Th reduction could provide measurable electrochemical signals, and a low limit of detection (100 pM) was achieved due to the signal amplification by high loading of Th on the gold nanoparticles. The feasibility of the assay was verified by test of Aβ oligomers in artificial cerebrospinal fluid. The proposed strategy presents valuable information related to early diagnosis of AD process.
A global-wide search for sexual dimorphism of glomeruli in the antennal lobe of female and male Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Zhao Xin-Cheng , Ma Bai-Wei , Berg Bente G. , Xie Gui-Ying , Tang Qing-Bo , Guo Xian-Ru 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBy using immunostaining and three-dimensional reconstruction, the anatomical organization of the antennal lobe glomeruli of the female cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera was investigated. Eighty-one glomeruli were identified, 15 of which were not previously discovered. The general anatomical organization of the AL of female is similar to that of male and all glomeruli were classified into four sub-groups, including the female-specific glomerular complex, posterior complex, labial-palp pit organ glomerulus, and ordinary glomeruli. A global-wide comparison on the complete glomerular map of female and male was performed and for the first time the quantitative difference in volume for each individual homologous glomerulus was analyzed. We found that the sexual dimorphism includes not only the sex-specific glomeruli but also some of the other glomeruli. The findings in the present study may provide a reference to examine the antennal-lobe organization more in detail and to identify new glomeruli in other moth species. In addition, the complete identification and global-wide comparison of the sexes provide an important basis for mapping the function of distinct glomeruli and for understanding neural mechanisms underlying sexually dimorphic olfactory behaviors.
Powerful linearly-polarized high-order random fiber laser pumped by broadband amplified spontaneous emission source
Authors: Xu Jiangming , Zhou Pu , Leng Jinyong , Wu Jian , Zhang Hanwei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA great deal of attention has been drawn to Random fiber lasers (RFLs) for their typical features of modeless, cavity-less and low coherence length. However, most previously reported high power RFLs employ narrowband fiber lasers as the pump source, thus inducing the self-pulsing transferring from pump source to output Stokes. In this contribution, linearly-polarized RFL pumped by broadband amplified-spontaneous-emission (ASE) is demonstrated and continuous-wave (CW) high order Stokes can be obtained.With 30.6 W pump injected into the half-opened cavity, 23.51 W the 2nd order Stokes centered at 1178 nm with a full width at half-maximum linewidth of 1.73 nm and polarization extinction ratio of about 25 dB can be obtained. The standard deviation and peak-vale value of the 2nd order Stokes light at maximal output power is just 0.47% and 4.10%, which indicates the good power stability. Significantly, the corresponding quantum efficiency of the 1st and 2nd order Stokes light is about 87% and 85%, and almost all pump photons are converted into Stokes photons. As far as we know, it is the highest power ever reported from linearly polarized RFL, and further power scaling is available in the case of more powerful pump source and optimization of system parameters.
Prognostic Value of Pre-operative Renal Insufficiency in Urothelial Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cao Jian , Zhao Xiaokun , Zhong Zhaohui , Zhang Lei , Zhu Xuan , Xu Ran 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe effect of pre-operative renal insufficiency on urothelial carcinoma (UC) prognosis has been investigated by numerous studies. While the majority report worse UC outcomes in patients with renal insufficiency, the results between the studies differed wildly. To enable us to better estimate the prognostic value of renal insufficiency on UC, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the published literature. A total of 16 studies which involved 5,232 patients with UC, investigated the relationship between pre-operative renal insufficiency and disease prognosis. Estimates of combined hazard ratio (HR) for bladder urothelial carcinoma recurrence, cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were 1.65 (95% CI, 1.11–2.19), 1.59 (95% CI, 1.14–2.05) and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.19–1.71), respectively; and for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma recurrence, CSS and OS were 2.27 (95% CI, 1.42–3.12), 1.02 (95% CI, 0.47–1.57) and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.05–1.99), respectively. Our results indicate that UC patients with pre-operative renal insufficiency tend to have higher recurrence rates and poorer survival compared to those with clinically normal renal function, thus renal function should be closely monitored in these patients. The impact of intervention for renal insufficiency on the prognosis of UC needs to be further studied.
Reduced anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing caused by biogenic new particle formation
Authors: Gordon Hamish , Sengupta Kamalika , Rap Alexandru , Duplissy Jonathan , Frege Carla , Williamson Christina , Heinritzi Martin , Simon Mario , Yan Chao , Almeida João , Tröstl Jasmin , Nieminen Tuomo , Ortega Ismael K. , Wagner Robert , Dunne Eimear M. , Adamov Alexey , Amorim Antonio , Bernhammer Anne-Kathrin , Bianchi Federico , Breitenlechner Martin , Brilke Sophia , Chen Xuemeng , Craven Jill S. , Dias Antonio , Ehrhart Sebastian , Fischer Lukas , Flagan Richard C. , Franchin Alessandro , Fuchs Claudia , Guida Roberto , Hakala Jani , Hoyle Christopher R. , Jokinen Tuija , Junninen Heikki , Kangasluoma Juha , Kim Jaeseok , Kirkby Jasper , Krapf Manuel , Kürten Andreas , Laaksonen Ari , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Makhmutov Vladimir , Mathot Serge , Molteni Ugo , Monks Sarah A. , Onnela Antti , Peräkylä Otso , Piel Felix , Petäjä Tuukka , Praplan Arnaud P. , Pringle Kirsty J. , Richards Nigel A. D. , Rissanen Matti P. , Rondo Linda , Sarnela Nina , Schobesberger Siegfried , Scott Catherine E. , Seinfeld John H. , Sharma Sangeeta , Sipilä Mikko , Steiner Gerhard , Stozhkov Yuri , Stratmann Frank , Tomé Antonio , Virtanen Annele , Vogel Alexander Lucas , Wagner Andrea C. , Wagner Paul E. , Weingartner Ernest , Wimmer Daniela , Winkler Paul M. , Ye Penglin , Zhang Xuan , Hansel Armin , Dommen Josef , Donahue Neil M. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Baltensperger Urs , Kulmala Markku , Curtius Joachim , Carslaw Kenneth S. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
A mechanism for the formation of atmospheric aerosols via the gas to particle conversion of highly oxidized organic molecules is found to be the dominant aerosol formation process in the preindustrial boundary layer over land. The inclusion of this process in a global aerosol model raises baseline preindustrial aerosol concentrations and could lead to a reduction of 27% in estimates of anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing.
Moderating attitudes in times of violence through paradoxical thinking intervention
Authors: Hameiri Boaz , Porat Roni , Bar-Tal Daniel , Halperin Eran 
Published: October 2016

Significance
Societies involved in intractable conflicts are typically polarized in their views on how to resolve the conflict. Hawkish members of society adhere to an uncompromising and nonconciliatory ideology. Therefore, interventions that may change their attitudes are particularly important but simultaneously are very difficult to apply because hawks tend to reject messages that propagate peaceful resolution of the conflict. In the current investigation, we tested whether a large-scale campaign based on the paradoxical thinking framework can moderate attitudes during a widespread outbreak of violence. We found that rightwing (i.e., hawkish) participants exposed to the campaign decreased their adherence to conflict-supporting attitudes over time, were more supportive of conciliatory policies, and less supportive of aggressive policies.
Approaching a realistic force balance in geodynamo simulations
Authors: Yadav Rakesh K. , Gastine Thomas , Christensen Ulrich R. , Wolk Scott J. , Poppenhaeger Katja 
Published: October 2016

Significance
Flow in Earth’s liquid core is expected to be primarily governed by the Coriolis force due to Earth’s rotation, the buoyancy force driving the convection, and the Lorentz force due to the geomagnetic field. A relevant geodynamo model has to be in such a force balance. Contemporaneous simulations invoke high viscosities to suppress flow turbulence to keep the computational costs manageable. The unrealistically large viscosity in these simulations is a major concern. Here we show that the state-of-the-art simulations with a viscosity that is lower than in most simulations, but still much larger than in Earth’s core, can approach a realistic force balance. Our simulations produce many properties that have been theoretically predicted in the past.
Formation of raiding parties for intergroup violence is mediated by social network structure
Authors: Glowacki Luke , Isakov Alexander , Wrangham Richard W. , McDermott Rose , Fowler James H. , Christakis Nicholas A. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
The social network structure of a small-scale society is crucial to formation of raiding parties involved in violent between-group raids. We mapped the social networks among Nyangatom men in a defined area of Ethiopia and ascertained membership in 39 intergroup raiding parties over 3 y. Although a small set of leaders initiated raids, they were not especially crucial for the composition of the raiding parties; instead, aspects of social network structure served to determine group composition and to amplify group size, once a raid was initiated. Intergroup violence, like other forms of collective action, depends on social structure and not just individual agency. This is relevant to spontaneous violent activities in settings as diverse as revolutions, gangs, and terrorist groups.
DTT: a divertor tokamak test facility for the study of the power exhaust issues in view of DEMO
Authors: Albanese R. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In parallel with the programme to optimize the operation with a conventional divertor based on detached conditions to be tested on the ITER device, a project has been launched to investigate alternative power exhaust solutions for DEMO, aimed at the definition and the design of a divertor tokamak test facility (DTT). The DTT project proposal refers to a set of parameters selected so as to have edge conditions as close as possible to DEMO, while remaining compatible with DEMO bulk plasma performance in terms of dimensionless parameters and given constraints. The paper illustrates the DTT project proposal, referring to a 6 MA plasma with a major radius of 2.15 m, an aspect ratio of about 3, an elongation of 1.6–1.8, and a toroidal field of 6 T. This selection will guarantee sufficient flexibility to test a wide set of divertor concepts and techniques to cope with large heat loads, including conventional tungsten divertors; liquid metal divertors; both conventional and advanced magnetic configurations (including single null, snow flake, quasi snow flake, X divertor, double null); internal coils for strike point sweeping and control of the width of the scrape-off layer in the divertor region; and radiation control. The Poloidal Field system is planned to provide a total flux swing of more than 35 Vs, compatible with a pulse length of more than 100 s. This is compatible with the mission of studying the power exhaust problem and is obtained using superconducting coils. Particular attention is dedicated to diagnostics and control issues, especially those relevant for plasma control in the divertor region, designed to be as compatible as possible with a DEMO-like environment. The construction is expected to last about seven years, and the selection of an Italian site would be compatible with a budget of 500 M€.
Diffusion of Drip Irrigation: The Case of California
Authors: Taylor Rebecca , Zilberman David 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article provides insights regarding the state of the literature on the economics of drip irrigation adoption and diffusion. Our literature review finds that the methodological approaches to studying diffusion—conceptual modeling, empirical analysis, and historical narratives—are complementary, yet historical analyses have been underemphasized. To address this gap, we conduct a historical analysis of the diffusion of drip irrigation in California. Our forty‐five‐year narrative highlights that the successful adoption of drip irrigation to diverse crops and locations required (i) coevolution of the technology and complementary production processes, and (ii) joint efforts by private and public experts at the local level.