bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for locoregional relapse after radical nephrectomy
Authors: Jhavar Sameer , Swanson Gregory , Pruszynski Jessica 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo identify risk factors for locoregional relapse after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the charts of 259 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for sporadic clinically localized unilateral renal cell carcinoma between 1998 and 2012. Relapse patterns (locoregional and/or distant) were identified. Relapse‐free survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier method. Factors associated with decreased relapse‐free survival were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis. Locoregional relapse estimates were calculated for individual factors and combination of factors.ResultsAt a median follow‐up of 68 months (interquartile range: 75 months), 24% patients relapsed. Of these, 54% had locoregional relapse. High‐grade, positive margin, large tumor size and stage III/IV were associated with worse relapse‐free survival on multivariate analysis. Locoregional relapse occurred among patients with tumor size >7–</ = 10 cm (22%), >10 cm (35%), stage III/IV (31%), grade III/IV (26%), renal vein invasion (22%), perinephric fat invasion (30%), </ = 7 cm plus grade III/IV (15%), >7 cm plus grade I/II (21%), >7 cm plus grade III/IV (48%), stage III/IV plus grade I/II (24%) and stage III/IV plus grade III/IV (45%).ConclusionWe were able to discern risk factors (individual or in combination) associated with increased risk of locoregional relapse after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. This could help distinguish patients who may benefit from adjuvant locoregionally directed therapy.
Regional circuits of international medical travel: Prescriptions of trust, cultural affinity and history
Authors: Whittaker Andrea , Chee Heng Leng , Por Heong Hong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntra‐regional medical travel by patients from Indonesia to Penang in Malaysia is embedded in and facilitated by regional circuits. Although such movement is fuelled by dissatisfaction with the health‐care services offered in Indonesia, we argue that these contemporary movements for health care are also a continuation of existing exchanges for trade, education and cultural ties that have long existed. In the first part of the paper, we consider the historical interconnections between the locations of Medan and Aceh in Indonesia and Penang in Malaysia. Based upon fieldwork and interviews with 70 intra‐regional patients travelling to Penang for treatment, we describe how these interconnections are now manifested in travel for medical care. We argue that the temporary exit from the Indonesian health system to pursue care in hospitals in Penang by some Chinese Indonesians and Acehnese follows patterns and logics based on social histories of discrimination and conflict as well as geographical convenience. This highlights the need to contextualise such travel not just as geographic movements across space but also through the depth of time and local histories.
Viewing Fantastical Events Versus Touching Fantastical Events: Short‐Term Effects on Children's Inhibitory Control
Authors: Li Hui , Subrahmanyam Kaveri , Bai Xuejun , Xie Xiaochun , Liu Tao 
Published: May 2017

Three pretest–posttest experiments were conducted to compare the effects of viewing versus interacting with either fantastical or real events on 4‐ and 6‐year‐old children's inhibitory control. Experiment 1 (N = 72) suggested that although viewing fantastical events had a negative effect on inhibitory control, interacting with them produced no such disruption. Experiment 2 (N = 17) also found that children's inhibitory control decreased after viewing fantastical events but not after interacting with them. In addition, functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data showed that viewing fantastical events resulted in greater activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Experiment 3 (N = 72) showed that children's inhibitory control increased after viewing and interacting with real events. The implications for studying the effects of mobile devices are discussed.
Developing Digital Privacy: Children's Moral Judgments Concerning Mobile GPS Devices
Authors: Gelman Susan A. , Martinez Megan , Davidson Natalie S. , Noles Nicholaus S. 
Published: May 2017

New technology poses new moral problems for children to consider. We examined whether children deem object tracking with a mobile GPS device to be a property right. In three experiments, 329 children (4–10 years) and adults were asked whether it is acceptable to track the location of either one's own or another person's possessions using a mobile GPS device. Young children, like adults, viewed object tracking as relatively more acceptable for owners than nonowners. However, whereas adults expressed negative evaluations of someone tracking another person's possessions, young children expressed positive evaluations of this behavior. These divergent moral judgments of digital tracking at different ages have profound implications for how concepts of digital privacy develop and for the digital security of children.
Spread of proliferative kidney disease in fish along stream networks: A spatial metacommunity framework
Authors: Carraro Luca , Mari Lorenzo , Gatto Marino , Rinaldo Andrea , Bertuzzo Enrico 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) is a high‐mortality pathology that critically affects freshwater salmonid populations. Infection is caused by the endoparasitic myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, which exploits freshwater bryozoans as primary hosts. Incidence and severity of PKD have recently increased, largely owing to rising water temperatures linked to climate change, causing a decline in fish catches and local extinctions in many river systems.

Here, building on a recently proposed local model of PKD transmission, a spatially explicit metacommunity framework is developed to study the spatial effects of the disease spread in idealised stream networks. At the local community scale, the model accounts for demographic and epidemiological dynamics of bryozoan and fish populations. At the network scale, the model couples the dynamics of each local community through hydrological transport of parasite spores and fish movement. The model also explicitly accounts for heterogeneity in habitat characteristics and hydrological conditions along a river network.

Network effects are investigated by running simulation experiments on synthetic river network replicas derived from Optimal Channel Networks, spanning trees known to reproduce all the mutually connected topological and metric features of real rivers.

Network connectivity can produce heterogeneous patterns of PKD prevalence even when the underlying spatial distributions of fish and bryozoans are homogeneous. Prevalence is generally higher at the downstream sites: if fish mobility is neglected, the spatial distribution of prevalence follows that of the upstream drainage area; otherwise, prevalence patterns are correlated with the proximity to the outlet. Downstream invasion speed of PKD is generally high, due to the fast dynamics of hydrological spore transport. For the tested values, effects of water temperature on prevalence heterogeneity are minor. However, climate change may increase invasion speed in both downstream and upstream directions. PKD can establish in bryozoan‐free river reaches, on the condition that the infection be sustained by upstream or downstream hot‐spots. These results further our understanding of the drivers of fish distribution in riverine ecosystems and may provide the basis for the development of intervention and management tools, especially facing climate change.
Effect of synthesis process on the densification, microstructure, and electrical properties of Ca0.9Yb0.1MnO3 ceramics
Authors: Sotelo Andres , Torres Miguel , Madre Maria , Diez Juan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCa0.9Yb0.1MnO3 thermoelectric materials have been prepared, through a classical solid‐state sintering method, from attrition‐ and ball‐milled precursors. After calcination step, microstructural observations have shown that attrition‐milled precursors possess much smaller particle sizes than the obtained by ball milling. Smaller precursors sizes lead to higher reactivity, producing higher density, hardness, and thermoelectric phase content in the sintered materials. The thermoelectric properties reflect the microstructural features, decreasing electrical resistivity in the attrition milling prepared samples without a drastic decrease in the Seebeck coefficient. As a consequence, power factor values are higher than the obtained in the classical solid‐state method samples. Moreover, the highest power factor values at 800°C are much higher than the best results obtained in this CaMnO3 family. As a result, it has been found that it is possible to tailor the thermoelectric properties of Ca0.9Yb0.1MnO3 ceramics by designing the appropriate preparation procedure while keeping in mind its industrial scalability.
A unique defect – persistent posterior cloaca: An example of staged genito‐urinary and digestive tract reconstruction with an alternative vaginal creation using the urinary bladder wall
Authors: Komasara Leszek , Bryks‐Laszkowska Anna , Sroka Mariusz , Gołębiewski Andrzej , Czauderna Piotr 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present a case of a girl with an extremely rare, posterior type of persistent cloaca, which was associated with other abnormalities, including an undeveloped vulva and vagina, agenesis of the right kidney, secondary obstructive megaureter, unicornate uterus, persisted tailgut, sacral bone hypoplasia, and pubic symphysis hypertrophy. An operative approach was as follows: (i) colostomy and ureterocutaneostomy; (ii) creation of an ileal conduit with antirefluxing uretero‐ileal anastomosis, and then creation of a continent catheterizable ileal reservoir; (iii) anastomosis of sigmoid colon to rectal stump; and (iv) vaginal and external genital reconstruction. Because of abnormal anatomical conditions where the uterus was situated adjacent to the open, incompetent bladder neck, we decided to create a vagina using the bladder wall instead of the bowel segment.
An Analysis of Nearly One Billion Dollars of Aquaculture Grants Made by the US Federal Government from 1990 to 2015
Authors: Love David C. , Gorski Irena , Fry Jillian P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe aquaculture industry relies on federal investments to stimulate aquaculture research and development (R&D). We conducted this study to track federal spending for aquaculture using a large database of 2957 US federal research grants awarded from 1990 to 2015. During that period, 1.04 billion US dollars (USD) were spent on aquaculture research, with 919 million USD from federal agencies and 123 million USD in matching funds. By comparison, over the same time frame, the US Department of Agriculture's R&D spending was 41 billion USD. Federal grant funding for aquaculture had a 37‐fold return on investment since 2000. Microalgae, oysters, salmon and trout, catfish, and shrimp received the most grant support, and the most common topics/disciplines were aquaculture production sciences, aquatic animal health and disease, genetics and breeding, and nutrition. Our findings can be used to identify research gaps and inform federal policy, grant making, and budget allocation.
First Record of Captive Larval Culture and Metamorphosis of the Pacific Blue Tang, Paracanthurus hepatus
Authors: DiMaggio Matthew A. , Cassiano Eric J. , Barden Kevin P. , Ramee Shane W. , Ohs Cortney L. , Watson Craig A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Pacific blue tang, Paracanthurus hepatus, is consistently among the top 20 marine ornamental species imported into the USA, with all specimens presently sourced from wild stocks. Captive culture of this species through metamorphosis has not been previously documented and fundamental information regarding reproduction, larval culture, and production techniques is scarce. This study aimed to elucidate methods that would advance our understanding and success with captive propagation of this species. A total of 50,000 eggs were collected from a single broodstock population and stocked in a 1000‐L tank. Beginning at 3 d posthatch (DPH), larvae were fed three times daily a diet comprised exclusively of copepod nauplii. At 12 DPH, enriched rotifers were first fed followed by powdered feed (20 DPH) and first instar Artemia (21 DPH). Large mortality events were observed at 7 and 20 DPH, corresponding with starvation and flexion, respectively. By 41 DPH, the majority of the remaining larvae began associating with the bottom of the culture tank. On Day 50, the first signs of blue pigmentation marked the beginning of metamorphosis. A total of 27 juvenile blue tangs were cultured during this trial. This effort represents the first successful culture of this species in captivity.
Differential responses of soil bacteria, fungi, archaea and protists to plant species richness and plant functional group identity
Authors: Dassen Sigrid , Cortois Roeland , Martens Henk , de Hollander Mattias , Kowalchuk George A. , van der Putten Wim H. , De Deyn Gerlinde B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPlants are known to influence belowground microbial community structure along their roots, but the impacts of plant species richness and plant functional group (FG) identity on microbial communities in the bulk soil are still not well understood. Here, we used 454‐pyrosequencing to analyse the soil microbial community composition in a long‐term biodiversity experiment at Jena, Germany. We examined responses of bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protists to plant species richness (communities varying from 1 to 60 sown species) and plant FG identity (grasses, legumes, small herbs, tall herbs) in bulk soil. We hypothesized that plant species richness and FG identity would alter microbial community composition and have a positive impact on microbial species richness. Plant species richness had a marginal positive effect on the richness of fungi, but we observed no such effect on bacteria, archaea and protists. Plant species richness also did not have a large impact on microbial community composition. Rather, abiotic soil properties partially explained the community composition of bacteria, fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), archaea and protists. Plant FG richness did not impact microbial community composition; however, plant FG identity was more effective. Bacterial richness was highest in legume plots and lowest in small herb plots, and AMF and archaeal community composition in legume plant communities was distinct from that in communities composed of other plant FGs. We conclude that soil microbial community composition in bulk soil is influenced more by changes in plant FG composition and abiotic soil properties, than by changes in plant species richness per se.
Effectiveness of school‐based humanistic counselling for psychological distress in young people: Pilot randomized controlled trial with follow‐up in an ethnically diverse sample
Authors: Pearce Peter , Sewell Ros , Cooper Mick , Osman Sarah , Fugard Andrew J. B. , Pybis Joanne 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to pilot a test of the effectiveness of school‐based humanistic counselling (SBHC) in an ethnically diverse group of young people (aged 11–18 years old), with follow‐up assessments at 6 and 9 months.DesignPilot randomized controlled trial, using linear‐mixed effect modelling and intention‐to‐treat analysis to compare changes in levels of psychological distress for participants in SBHC against usual care (UC). Trial registration: ISRCTN44253140.MethodsIn total, 64 young people were randomized to either SBHC or UC. Participants were aged between 11 and 18 (M = 14.2, SD = 1.8), with 78.1% of a non‐white ethnicity. The primary outcome was psychological distress at 6 weeks (mid‐therapy), 12 weeks (end of therapy), 6‐month follow‐up and 9‐month follow‐up. Secondary measures included emotional symptoms, self‐esteem and attainment of personal goals.ResultsRecruitment and retention rates for the study were acceptable. Participants in the SBHC condition, as compared with participants in the UC condition, showed greater reductions in psychological distress and emotional symptoms, and greater improvements in self‐esteem, over time. However, at follow‐up, only emotional symptoms showed significant differences across groups.ConclusionsThe study adds to the pool of evidence suggesting that SBHC can be tested and that it brings about short‐term reductions in psychological and emotional distress in young people, across ethnicities. However, there is no evidence of longer‐term effects.Practitioner points

School‐based humanistic counselling can be an effective means of reducing the psychological distress experienced by young people with emotional symptoms in the short term.

The short‐term effectiveness of school‐based humanistic counselling is not limited to young people of a White ethnicity.

There is no evidence that school‐based humanistic counselling has effects beyond the end of therapy.
Afferent thermosensory function in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis following exercise‐induced increases in body temperature
Authors: Filingeri Davide , Chaseling Georgia , Hoang Phu , Barnett Michael , Davis Scott L. , Jay Ollie 
Published: May 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Between 60 and 80% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients experience transient worsening of symptoms with increased body temperature (heat sensitivity). As sensory abnormalities are common in MS, we asked whether afferent thermosensory function is altered in MS following exercise‐induced increases in body temperature.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Increases in body temperature of as little as ∼0.4°C were sufficient to decrease cold, but not warm, skin thermosensitivity (∼10%) in MS, across a wider temperature range than in age‐matched healthy individuals. These findings provide new evidence on the impact of heat sensitivity on afferent function in MS, which could be useful for clinical evaluation of this neurological disease.

In multiple sclerosis (MS), increases in body temperature result in transient worsening of clinical symptoms (heat sensitivity or Uhthoff's phenomenon). Although the impact of heat sensitivity on efferent physiological function has been investigated, the effects of heat stress on afferent sensory function in MS are unknown. Hence, we quantified afferent thermosensory function in MS following exercise‐induced increases in body temperature with a new quantitative sensory test. Eight relapsing–remitting MS patients (three men and five women; 51.4 ± 9.1 years of age; Expanded Disability Status Scale score 2.8 ± 1.1) and eight age‐matched control (CTR) subjects (five men and three women; 47.4 ± 9.1 years of age) rated the perceived magnitude of two cold (26 and 22°C) and two warm stimuli (34 and 38°C) applied to the dorsum of the hand before and after 30 min cycling in the heat (30°C air; 30% relative humidity). Exercise produced similar increases in mean body temperature in MS [+0.39°C (95% CI: +0.21, +0.53) P = 0.001] and CTR subjects [+0.41°C (95% CI: +0.25, +0.58) P = 0.001]. These changes were sufficient to decrease thermosensitivity significantly to all cold [26°C stimulus, −9.1% (95% CI: −17.0, −1.5), P = 0.006; 22°C stimulus, −10.6% (95% CI: −17.3, −3.7), P = 0.027], but not warm, stimuli in MS. Contrariwise, CTR subjects showed sensitivity reductions to colder stimuli only [22°C stimulus, −9.7% (95% CI: −16.4, −3.1), P = 0.011]. The observation that reductions in thermal sensitivity in MS were confined to the myelinated cold‐sensitive pathway and extended across a wider (including milder and colder) temperature range than what is observed in CTR subjects provides new evidence on the impact of rising body temperature on afferent neural function in MS. Also, our findings support the use of our new approach to investigate afferent sensory function in MS during heat stress.
RNA-Dependent Cysteine Biosynthesis in Bacteria and Archaea
Authors: Mukai Takahito , Crnković Ana , Umehara Takuya , Ivanova Natalia N. , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Söll Dieter 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

The diversity of the genetic code systems used by microbes on earth is yet to be elucidated. It is known that certain methanogenic archaea employ an alternative system for cysteine (Cys) biosynthesis and encoding; tRNA
Cys
is first acylated with phosphoserine (Sep) by
O
-phosphoseryl-tRNA synthetase (SepRS) and then converted to Cys-tRNA
Cys
by Sep-tRNA:Cys-tRNA synthase (SepCysS). In this study, we searched all genomic and metagenomic protein sequence data in the Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) system and at the NCBI to reveal new clades of SepRS and SepCysS proteins belonging to diverse archaea in the four major groups (DPANN,
Euryarchaeota
, TACK, and Asgard) and two groups of bacteria (“
Candidatus
Parcubacteria” and
Chloroflexi
). Bacterial SepRS and SepCysS charged bacterial tRNA
Cys
species with cysteine
in vitro
. Homologs of SepCysE, a scaffold protein facilitating SepRS⋅SepCysS complex assembly in Euryarchaeota class I methanogens, are found in a few groups of TACK and Asgard archaea, whereas the C-terminally truncated homologs exist fused or genetically coupled with diverse SepCysS species. Investigation of the selenocysteine (Sec)- and pyrrolysine (Pyl)-utilizing traits in SepRS-utilizing archaea and bacteria revealed that the archaea carrying full-length SepCysE employ Sec and that SepRS is often found in Pyl-utilizing archaea and
Chloroflexi
bacteria. We discuss possible contributions of the SepRS-SepCysS system for sulfur assimilation, methanogenesis, and other metabolic processes requiring large amounts of iron-sulfur enzymes or Pyl-containing enzymes.

IMPORTANCE
Comprehensive analyses of all genomic and metagenomic protein sequence data in public databases revealed the distribution and evolution of an alternative cysteine-encoding system in diverse archaea and bacteria. The finding that the SepRS-SepCysS-SepCysE- and the selenocysteine-encoding systems are shared by the
Euryarchaeota
class I methanogens, the
Crenarchaeota
AK8/W8A-19 group, and an Asgard archaeon suggests that ancient archaea may have used both systems. In contrast, bacteria may have obtained the SepRS-SepCysS system from archaea. The SepRS-SepCysS system sometimes coexists with a pyrrolysine-encoding system in both archaea and bacteria. Our results provide additional bioinformatic evidence for the contribution of the SepRS-SepCysS system for sulfur assimilation and diverse metabolisms which require vast amounts of iron-sulfur enzymes and proteins. Among these biological activities, methanogenesis, methylamine metabolism, and organohalide respiration may have local and global effects on earth. Taken together, uncultured bacteria and archaea provide an expanded record of the evolution of the genetic code.