bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residential segregation and the fertility of immigrants and their descendants
Authors: Wilson Ben , Kuha Jouni 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMeasures of community population composition, such as residential segregation, are important theoretical mechanisms that have the potential to explain differences in fertility between immigrants, their descendants, and destination natives. However, only a handful of studies explore these mechanisms, and most are limited by the fact that they carry out cross‐sectional analysis. This study proposes a new approach, which focuses on community composition in childhood. It uses longitudinal census data and registered births in England and Wales to investigate the relationship between completed fertility and multiple measures of community composition, including residential segregation. The results show that the fertility of immigrants is closer to native fertility if they grow up in less segregated areas. This provides evidence in support of the childhood socialisation hypothesis. Furthermore, residential segregation explains some of the variation in completed fertility for second‐generation women from Pakistan and Bangladesh, the only second‐generation group to have significantly higher completed fertility than natives. This suggests one reason why the fertility of some South Asians in England and Wales may remain “culturally entrenched.” All of these findings are consistent for different measures of community composition. They are also easier to interpret than the results of previous research because exposure is measured before childbearing has commenced, therefore avoiding many issues relating to selection, simultaneity, and conditioning on the future.
Negative affective stress reactivity: The dampening effect of snacking
Authors: Wouters Saskia , Jacobs Nele , Duif Mira , Lechner Lilian , Thewissen Viviane 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe present study sets out to further elucidate the complex relationship between daily hassles, snacking, and negative affect (NA). The aim of the present study was to examine whether or not moment‐to‐moment energy intake from snacks moderates the association between momentary stress and NA. And, if so, can this moderating effect be replicated by using the amount of macronutrient intake (i.e., carbohydrates, fat, and protein) as moderator on the association between momentary stress and NA? Adults (N = 269), aged 20–50 years, participated in this study. Stress, NA, and snack intake were assessed 10 times a day for 7 consecutive days in daily life with an experience sampling smartphone application. Multilevel regression analyses were performed to assess the hypothesized associations. Our study revealed a dampening effect of snacking on negative affective stress reactivity. However, this dampening effect could not be replicated by the amount of macronutrient intake from snacks. On the contrary, the amount of carbohydrates has an enhancing effect on negative affective stress reactivity. In the end, our study suggests that the critical question is which mechanisms are decisive in the dampening role of snacking on stress reactivity. A multidisciplinary approach may provide a full perspective.
Improvement in the Prognosis of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis over a 22-Year Period
Authors: Anderson Dustin , Kromm Julie , Jeerakathil Thomas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground: Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare cause of stroke, with a number of well-defined risk factors. However, there exist few studies that describe trends in the prognosis of this disease over time. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on patients diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis at the University of Alberta Hospital during two time periods: 1988-1998 (21 patients) and 1999-2009 (40 patients). Signs and symptoms, risk factors, imaging findings, etiologies, treatment modalities, and status at discharge were examined. Results: Headache, nausea and vomiting, focal motor deficit, and seizure were the most common signs and symptoms, and active hormonal contraception was the most commonly identified risk factor between the two cohorts. Hematoma and hyperdense sinuses were the most commonly identified CT findings between groups. Thrombophilia and the use of hormonal contraception were the most frequently identified etiologies between the two cohorts. Treatment was similar, with the majority of patients in both cohorts receiving unfractionated heparin as first-line therapy. Patients in the 1999-2009 cohort were significantly less likely to have a severe deficit or be dead at discharge (odds ratio [OR]=0.178; 95% confidence interval [CI95%]=0.051, 0.625) and were more likely to have a favorable modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1 at discharge (OR=7.98; CI95%=1.79, 35.71). Conclusions: Our data indicate a reduction in severe residual symptoms at discharge and improved functional status at discharge for patients presenting with cerebral venous thrombosis from 1999 to 2009, as compared with 1988-1998.
Compressibility regularizes the 𝜇(I)-rheology for dense granular flows
Authors: Heyman J. , Delannay R. , Tabuteau H. , Valance A. 
Published: October 2017

The $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(I)$-rheology was recently proposed as a potential candidate to model the incompressible flow of frictional grains in the dense inertial regime. However, this rheology was shown to be ill-posed in the mathematical sense for a large range of parameters, notably in the low and large inertial number limits (Barker et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 779, 2015, pp. 794–818). In this rapid communication, we extend the stability analysis of Barker et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 779, 2015, pp. 794–818) to compressible flows. We show that compressibility regularizes the equations, making the problem well-posed for all parameters, with the condition that sufficient dissipation be associated with volume changes. In addition to the usual Coulomb shear friction coefficient $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$, we introduce a bulk friction coefficient $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{b}$, associated with volume changes and show that the problem is well-posed if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{b}>1-7\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}/6$. Moreover, we show that the ill-posed domain defined by Barker et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 779, 2015, pp. 794–818) transforms into a domain where the flow is unstable but remains well-posed when compressibility is taken into account. These results suggest the importance of taking into account dynamic compressibility for the modelling of dense granular flows and open new perspectives to investigate the emission and propagation of acoustic waves inside these flows.
Heat transfer in rotating Rayleigh–Bénard convection with rough plates
Authors: Joshi Pranav , Rajaei Hadi , Kunnen Rudie P. J. , Clercx Herman J. H. 
Published: October 2017

This experimental study focuses on the effect of horizontal boundaries with pyramid-shaped roughness elements on the heat transfer in rotating Rayleigh–Bénard convection. It is shown that the Ekman pumping mechanism, which is responsible for the heat transfer enhancement under rotation in the case of smooth top and bottom surfaces, is unaffected by the roughness as long as the Ekman layer thickness $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{E}$ is significantly larger than the roughness height $k$. As the rotation rate increases, and thus $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{E}$ decreases, the roughness elements penetrate the radially inward flow in the interior of the Ekman boundary layer that feeds the columnar Ekman vortices. This perturbation generates additional thermal disturbances which are found to increase the heat transfer efficiency even further. However, when $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{E}\approx k$, the Ekman boundary layer is strongly perturbed by the roughness elements and the Ekman pumping mechanism is suppressed. The results suggest that the Ekman pumping is re-established for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{E}\ll k$ as the faces of the pyramidal roughness elements then act locally as a sloping boundary on which an Ekman layer can be formed.
When and how knowledge sharing benefits team creativity: The importance of cognitive team diversity
Authors: Men Chenghao , Fong Patrick S W , Luo Jinlian , Zhong Jing , Huo Weiwei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we explored the role of knowledge sharing on team creativity through absorptive capacity and knowledge integration, and tested the condition under which knowledge sharing is positively related to absorptive capacity and knowledge integration. We tested our hypotheses with a sample of 86 knowledge worker teams involving 381 employees and employers in China. Results demonstrate that knowledge sharing was positively related to team creativity, fully mediated by both absorptive capacity and knowledge integration. In addition, cognitive team diversity played a moderating role in the relationship between knowledge sharing and absorptive capacity, as well as in the relationship between knowledge sharing and knowledge integration. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings on knowledge management and team creativity are discussed.
Last-male sperm precedence inRhynchophorus ferrugineus(Olivier): observations in laboratory mating experiments with irradiated males
Authors: Musmeci S. , Belvedere S. , Sasso R. , Arnone S. , Cristofaro M. , Nobili P. , La Marca A. , De Biase A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Red Palm Weevil (RPW)Rhynchophorus ferrugineus(Olivier 1790) is an invasive pest from southeastern Asia and Melanesia that in the last 30 years has spread widely in the Middle East and Mediterranean Basin. Its stem-boring larvae cause great damage to several palm species of the Arecaceae family, many of which are economically important for agricultural and ornamental purposes. Therefore, great attention has recently been focused in studying this species to identify sustainable and effective eradication strategies, such as sterile insect technique (SIT). The rapid spread of RPW is associated with its high reproductive success. To evaluate the suitability of a SIT strategy, particular physiological and behavioral aspects of RPW reproduction, such as the presence of polyandry and post-copulatory sperm selection mechanisms, were investigated. To determine paternity of progeny from multiply mated females, double-crossing experiments were carried out confining individual females with either a wild-type male or a γ-irradiated male (Co-60). Fecundity and fertility of females were scored to evaluate post-copulatory sperm selection. Results showed that progeny were almost exclusively produced by the sperm of the second male, suggesting that a last-male sperm precedence is expressed at high levels in this species, and providing interesting insights for an area-wide RPW management strategy such as the SIT.
Is there a link between availability of food and beverage establishments and BMI in Mexican adults?
Authors: Molina Mariana , Serván-Mori Edson , Quezada Amado D , Colchero M Arantxa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo study the association between density of stores (food and beverage stores, stores selling only fruits and vegetables, and supermarkets) and the BMI of adults aged ≥20 years in Mexico.DesignA cross-sectional study was performed. Individual data came from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, while information on stores was taken from the National Institute of Geography and Statistics’ National Statistics Directory of Economic Units. A weighted least-squares model was estimated to test the association between density of stores and BMI of adults adjusting for sex, age, education, presence of hypertension, diabetes or both, household assets index and marginality index at the municipality level.SettingMexico.ResultsAn additional 1sdin the density of fruit and vegetable stores was associated with a reduction of 0·24 (95 % CI −0·37, −0·12) kg/m2in BMI when the densities of the other stores were at their mean values. For food and beverage store density, a difference of 1sdwas associated with an increase of 0·50 (95 % CI 0·33, 0·67) kg/m2in BMI, while for supermarkets the corresponding association was a reduction of 0·48 (95 % CI −1·52, 0·56) kg/m2in BMI.ConclusionsIn places with a higher density of stores that offer unhealthy foods, the BMI of adults tends to be higher.
High-throughput RNAi screen for essential genes and drug synergistic combinations in colorectal cancer
Authors: Williams Steven P. , Barthorpe Andrew S. , Lightfoot Howard , Garnett Mathew J. , McDermott Ultan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMetastatic colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer death. However, current therapy options are limited to chemotherapy, with the addition of anti-EGFR antibodies for patients withRASwild-type tumours. Novel drug targets, or drug combinations that induce a synergistic response, would be of great benefit to patients. The identification of genes that are essential for cell survival can be undertaken using functional genomics screens. Furthermore, performing such screens in the presence of a targeted agent would allow the identification of combinations that result in a synthetic lethal interaction. Here, we present a dataset containing the results of a large scale RNAi screen (815 genes) to detect essential genes as well as synergistic combinations with targeted therapeutic agents using a panel of 27 colorectal cancer cell lines. These data identify genes that are essential for colorectal cancer cell survival as well as synthetic lethal treatment combinations using novel computational approaches. Moreover, this dataset could be utilised in combination with genomic profiling to identify predictive biomarkers of response.
Design of a 24 GHz frequency divider‐by‐10 in 45 nm‐silicon‐on‐insulator as an active reflector tag
Authors: El Agroudy N. , El‐Shennawy M. , Joram N. , Ellinger F. 
Published: October 2017

The design of a 24 GHz frequency divider‐by‐10 for accurate indoor localisation systems is presented. It is proposed to use frequency dividers as active reflector tags in a frequency‐modulated continuous wave indoor localisation system in order to reduce interferences caused by direct reflections of the interrogating signal. Since frequency dividers are subharmonic generators, this allows achieving conversion gain in the reflected signal. The frequency divider is fabricated using GLOBAL FOUNDRIES 45 nm‐silicon‐on‐insulator technology. It consumes only 5.7 mW from a 1 V supply. It has a wide locking range of 33% and an efficiency of 3.58 GHz/mW. To the best of authors’ knowledge, the use of frequency dividers as active reflectors was not studied before.
Speech enhancement based on modulation domain processing using coherent harmonic demodulation technique
Authors: Samui S. , Chakrabarti I. , Ghosh S.K. 
Published: October 2017

This Letter presents a single‐channel speech enhancement technique based on modulation domain signal processing. In the proposed approach, noise‐dominant low‐frequency (4–16 Hz) temporal modulation envelopes are discarded based on the modulation domain a priori signal‐to‐noise ratio criterion. Moreover, the authors have employed coherent harmonic demodulation method which ensures distortion‐free filtering of modulators. The experiment results in various acoustic non‐stationary noise scenario show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the speech quality and intelligibility while compared to the other existing state‐of‐the‐art baseline techniques.
Experimental characterisation of near field backscatter from thin resistively loaded FSS absorbers
Authors: McGuigan N. , Conway G. , Cahill R. , Zelenchuk D. , Zabri S. 
Published: October 2017

Experimental results are employed to show that a thin metal backed resistively loaded frequency selective surface (FSS) exhibits significant radar backscatter suppression when the structure is illuminated by an antenna placed in close proximity to the periodic array. This is investigated in the range 9–11 GHz by measuring the shift in the resonant frequency of an impedance matched (|S11| ∼15 dB at 10.22 GHz) microstrip patch which is placed in five different positions ranging from λ/30 to λ/5 distance above the surface of the FSS. Detuning of the antenna by signals reflected from the absorber surface is shown to be much less significant than the upward frequency shift in the measured |S11| for a metal plate and tissue phantom, therefore this technology could be used to enhance the performance of on‐body wireless sensors.
Effects of global gas flows on type I migration
Authors: Ogihara Masahiro , Kokubo Eiichiro , Suzuki Takeru K. , Morbidelli Alessandro , Crida Aurélien 
Published: October 2017

Context. Magnetically-driven disk winds would alter the surface density slope of gas in the inner region of a protoplanetary disk (r ≲ 1 au). This in turn affects planet formation. Recently, the effect of disk wind torque has been considered with the suggestion that it would carve out the surface density of the disk from inside and would induce global gas flows (wind-driven accretion).
Aims. We aim to investigate effects of global gas flows on type I migration and also examine planet formation.
Methods. A simplified approach was taken to address this issue, and N-body simulations with isolation-mass planets were also performed.
Results. In previous studies, the effect of gas flow induced by turbulence-driven accretion has been taken into account for its desaturation effect of the corotation torque. If more rapid gas flows (e.g., wind-driven accretion) are considered, the desaturation effect can be modified. In MRI-inactive disks, in which the wind-driven accretion dominates the disk evolution, the gas flow at the midplane plays an important role. If this flow is fast, the corotation torque is efficiently desaturated. Then, the fact that the surface density slope can be positive in the inner region due to the wind torque can generate an outward migration region extended to super-Earth mass planets. In this case, we observe that no planets fall onto the central star in N-body simulations with migration forces imposed to reproduce such migration pattern. We also see that super-Earth mass planets can undergo outward migration.
Conclusions. Relatively rapid gas flows affects type I migration and thus the formation of close-in planets.
A Comparative Evaluation of Risk Factors and Various Antibiotic Regimens in Postoperative Neurosurgical Infections: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Shetty R. , Dwarakanath S. , Veena Kumari H.B. , Sampath S. , Chandramouli B.A. 
Published: October 2017

Introduction Postoperative neurosurgical infections are a major problem, and the importance of keeping them to an absolute minimum cannot but be overemphasized. In this prospective study, we plan to evaluate the efficacy of three antibiotic regimens designed keeping the availability, affordability, and efficacy upon the common bacterial flora isolated at our center. We will also analyze the incidence and evaluate the risk factors of surgical site infections following clean, nonimplant, fresh, elective craniotomies.
Material and Methods This prospective randomized control study was conducted at our institute, a tertiary referral center, for a period of 2 years. The study cohort included all patients undergoing clean, nonimplant, fresh, elective craniotomies at our institute. The antibiotic protocol was chosen according to the current bacterio-epidemiological data based on the prevalence of infectious agent. One of the three drug regimens was chosen.
Results The results of univariate analysis revealed that there are multiple factors that are significantly associated with postoperative surgical site infection. In the multivariate analysis, only the presence of cerebrospinal fluid leak was the most significant factor associated with postoperative infections. Among the three different antibiotic regimens, cefazolin and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid were much better prophylactic agents for preventing surgical site infections when compared with cefotaxime.
Conclusion The present study has provided an insight into the incidence and risk factors contributing to surgical site infections as well as the efficacious antibiotic regimen protocols. The present study is one of the few studies to compare the efficacy of different antibiotic regimen protocols and also prospectively analyze the factors contributing to postoperative infections. This study will help us in optimizing the prophylaxis protocols and prevent emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, especially in a country like India.
Impact of 5 Days of Sprint Training in Hypoxia on Performance and Muscle Energy Substances
Authors: Kasai Nobukazu , Kojima Chihiro , Sumi Daichi , Takahashi Hideyuki , Goto Kazushige , Suzuki Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe present study was designed to determine the effect of 5 consecutive days of repeated sprint training under hypoxia on anaerobic performance and energy substances. Nineteen male sprinters performed repeated sprints for 5 consecutive days under a hypoxic (HYPO; fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2], 14.5%) or normoxic (NOR; FiO2, 20.9%) condition. Before and after the training period, 10-s maximal sprint, repeated sprint ability (5×6-s sprints), 30-s maximal sprint, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) tests were conducted. Muscle glycogen and PCr contents were evaluated using carbon magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-MRS) and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS), respectively. The HYPO group showed significant increases in power output during the 10-s maximal sprint (P=0.004) and repeated sprint test (P=0.004), whereas the NOR group showed no significant change after the training period. Muscle glycogen and PCr contents increased significantly in both groups (P<0.05, respectively). However, relative increases were not significantly different between groups. These findings indicated that 5 consecutive days of repeated sprint training under hypoxic conditions increased maximal power output in competitive sprinters. Furthermore, short-term sprint training significantly augmented muscle glycogen and PCr contents with little added benefit from training in hypoxia.
Factors of Rowing Ergometer Performance in High-Level Female Rowers
Authors: Bourdin Muriel , Lacour Jean-Rene , Imbert Charles , Messonnier Laurent 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe present study investigated morphological and physiological factors of rowing ergometer performance over 2000 m (P2000, W) in 70 national and international level [27 lightweight (LW) and 43 heavyweight (HW)] female rowers. Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max, L.min−1), maximal aerobic power (Pamax, W), power output corresponding to 4 mmol.L−1 blood lactate concentration expressed in absolute (PLa4, W) and relative to Pamax (PLa4%, %) values, peak power output (Ppeak, W), and rowing gross efficiency (RGE, %) were determined during an incremental rowing test. In the whole group, Ppeak was the best predictor of P2000 (r=0.89, p<0.001), as it was shown in men. PLa4 (r=0.87), V̇O2max (r=0.83), body mass (r=0.65), and height (r=0.64) were also significantly correlated with P2000 (p<0.001 for all). Ppeak was also the best predictor of P2000 when the two sub-groups LW and HW were considered separately. It was concluded that Ppeak is an overall index of physiological rowing capacity in groups of high-level LW and HW female rowers. The predictive value of Ppeak is similar to that of PLa4, but Ppeak presents the advantage of being obtained with a simple ergometer test without biological measurements.