bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Talar Anatomy and Subtalar Joint Alignment on Weightbearing Computed Tomography With Radiographic Flatfoot Parameters
Authors: Cody Elizabeth A. , Williamson Emilie R. , Burket Jayme C. , Deland Jonathan T. , Ellis Scott J. 
Published: May 2016

Background: Underlying bony deformity may be related to development of adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD). Multiplanar weightbearing (MP-WB) computed tomography can be used to identify subtalar deformity which may contribute to valgus hindfoot alignment. On coronal MP-WB images, 2 angles reliably evaluate the subtalar joint axis: the angle between the inferior facet of the talus and the horizontal (inftal-hor) and the angle between the inferior and superior facets of the talus (inftal-suptal). Although these angles have been shown to differ significantly between flatfoot patients and controls, no study has investigated their relationships with other components of AAFD. We hypothesized that these angles would correlate strongly with commonly used radiographic measures of AAFD. Methods: Forty-five patients with stage II AAFD and 17 control patients underwent MP-WB imaging and standard weightbearing radiographs. MP-WB measurements were correlated with standard radiographic measurements of AAFD. Differences between AAFD and control patients were assessed using independent samples t tests and Mann-Whitney U tests. To assess correlations between each MP-WB measurement and radiographic measurement, factorial generalized linear models (GLMs) were constructed. Results: Patients with AAFD differed from the controls in all measured angles ( P ≤ .001 for each). After accounting for differences between flatfoot and control patients, inftal-hor was not significantly correlated with any of the radiographic angles. Inftal-suptal, however, correlated with the AP coverage angle, AP talar–first metatarsal angle, calcaneal pitch, Meary’s angle, medial column height, and hindfoot alignment after accounting for differences between flatfoot patients and controls. Meary’s angle alone explained 48% of the variation in inftal-suptal angles. Conclusion: As measured on coronal MP-WB images, patients with stage II AAFD had more innate valgus in their talar anatomy as well as more valgus alignment of their subtalar joints than did control patients. It is possible that this information could be used to identify patients likely to have progression of deformity and may ultimately guide the approach to operative reconstruction. Level of Evidence: Level III, case-control study.
Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in People With and Without Plantar Heel Pain
Authors: Cotchett Matthew , Munteanu Shannon E. , Landorf Karl B. 
Published: May 2016

Background: Depression, anxiety, and stress are prevalent in patients with musculoskeletal pain, but the impact of these emotional states has not been evaluated in people with plantar heel pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between depression, anxiety, and stress with plantar heel pain. Methods: Forty-five participants with plantar heel pain were matched by sex and age (±2 years) to 45 participants without plantar heel pain. Levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (short version) in participants with and without plantar heel pain. Logistic regression was conducted to determine if levels of depression, anxiety, or stress were associated with having plantar heel pain. Results: Univariate analysis indicated that participants with plantar heel pain had greater levels of depression (mean difference = 4.4, 95% CI 2.3 to 6.5), anxiety (mean difference = 2.6, 95% CI 0.9 to 4.3), and stress (mean difference = 4.8, 95% CI 1.9 to 7.8). After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and education, for every 1 unit increase in depression, anxiety, or stress (in the DASS subscales), the odds ratios for having plantar heel pain were increased by 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.6), 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.5), and 1.2 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.3), respectively. Conclusion: Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were independently associated with plantar heel pain. Larger prospective studies are necessary to evaluate the temporal association between these emotional states and plantar heel pain. Level of Evidence: Level III, cross sectional, observational.
Identification of the educational needs and feasible educational modalities for specialist nurses working with ophthalmic patients in a tertiary eye centre in Singapore
Authors: Aw Ai Tee , Drury Vicki 
Published: May 2016

Aims: We aim to identify the educational needs and feasible educational modalities for specialist nurses working with ophthalmic patients in a tertiary eye centre in Singapore. Design: This was a mixed-method study utilising paper-based surveys and focus groups with nurses working at a tertiary eye centre in Singapore. Participants: One hundred nurses were invited to respond to the survey, with a response rate of 91%. Two focus groups with a total of 19 nurses were facilitated. Methods: Participants completed a modified Hennessy–Hicks survey. Among these participants 19 were invited to participate in a focus group. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the survey results. Focus groups were analysed using the inductive thematic analysis procedure described by Braun and Clarke. Findings: The participants in this study reported a need for ophthalmic-specific education programmes, more training in patient education and a need to broaden clinical exposure and experience. Conclusion: For ophthalmic nursing, where the workforce and patient population are considered relatively small, and postgraduate programmes are limited, the need to develop local education strategies to meet workforce needs has emerged.
Hybrid Pulmonary Artery Stenting at the Bidirectional Glenn or Fontan Operation in Patients With Single Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Schwartz Matthew C. , DeCampli William M. , Pourmoghadam Kamal , Iacono Karen , Nykanen David 
Published: May 2016

Background: Stenosis of the retroaortic pulmonary artery is common in patients with single ventricle heart disease. Intraoperative hybrid stenting at the bidirectional Glenn or Fontan operation can treat this lesion and avoid a complex surgical arterioplasty. Methods: Patients who underwent intraoperative stent implantation to the retroaortic pulmonary artery during the bidirectional Glenn or Fontan operation at our center between January 2005 and July 2014 were retrospectively identified. Results: Thirteen patients were included with a median weight of 8 kg (5.6-14.4 kg) and age of 6 months (4 months-3.8 years). All had undergone Norwood operation, and eight (62%) had hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Eight (62%) underwent stent placement during bidirectional Glenn and five (38%) during Fontan operation. Ten patients had one stent placed, and three had two overlapping stents. The median diameter of the stenotic vessel was 3 mm (2.0-5.5 mm) and diameter of the balloon used for stent expansion was 7 mm (5-10 mm). Two complications occurred including pulmonary hemorrhage from presumed wire perforation and left main stem bronchus compression requiring stent removal. No patient required stent intervention in the postoperative period, and all were discharged from the hospital. At a median follow-up of 1.3 years (2 months-7.1 years), six patients underwent interval dilation to account for somatic growth. Conclusions: Hybrid stenting of the retroaortic pulmonary artery at the bidirectional Glenn or Fontan operation is an effective treatment of pulmonary artery stenosis and prevents the need for a complex surgical arterioplasty.
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome associated with left ventricular assist device
Authors: Nascimbene Angelo , Neelamegham Sriram , Frazier O. H. , Moake Joel L. , Dong Jing-fei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLeft ventricular assist devices (LVAD) provide cardiac support for patients with end-stage heart disease as either bridge or destination therapy, and have significantly improved the survival of these patients. Whereas earlier models were designed to mimic the human heart by producing a pulsatile flow in parallel with the patient’s heart, newer devices, which are smaller and more durable, provide continuous blood flow along an axial path using an internal rotor in the blood. However, device-related hemostatic complications remain common and have negatively affected patients’ recovery and quality of life. In most patients, the von Willebrand factor (VWF) rapidly loses large multimers and binds poorly to platelets and subendothelial collagen upon LVAD implantation, leading to the term acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS). These changes in VWF structure and adhesive activity recover quickly upon LVAD explantation and are not observed in patients with heart transplant. The VWF defects are believed to be caused by excessive cleavage of large VWF multimers by the metalloprotease ADAMTS-13 in an LVAD-driven circulation. However, evidence that this mechanism could be the primary cause for the loss of large VWF multimers and LVAD-associated bleeding remains circumstantial. This review discusses changes in VWF reactivity found in patients on LVAD support. It specifically focuses on impacts of LVAD-related mechanical stress on VWF structural stability and adhesive reactivity in exploring multiple causes of AVWS and LVAD-associated hemostatic complications.
Is Middle-Upper Arm Circumference “normally” distributed? Secondary data analysis of 852 nutrition surveys
Authors: Frison Severine , Checchi Francesco , Kerac Marko , Nicholas Jennifer 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background
Wasting is a major public health issue throughout the developing world. Out of the 6.9 million estimated deaths among children under five annually, over 800,000 deaths (11.6 %) are attributed to wasting. Wasting is quantified as low Weight-For-Height (WFH) and/or low Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) (since 2005). Many statistical procedures are based on the assumption that the data used are normally distributed. Analyses have been conducted on the distribution of WFH but there are no equivalent studies on the distribution of MUAC.

Methods
This secondary data analysis assesses the normality of the MUAC distributions of 852 nutrition cross-sectional survey datasets of children from 6 to 59 months old and examines different approaches to normalise “non-normal” distributions.

Results
The distribution of MUAC showed no departure from a normal distribution in 319 (37.7 %) distributions using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Out of the 533 surveys showing departure from a normal distribution, 183 (34.3 %) were skewed (D’Agostino test) and 196 (36.8 %) had a kurtosis different to the one observed in the normal distribution (Anscombe–Glynn test). Testing for normality can be sensitive to data quality, design effect and sample size. Out of the 533 surveys showing departure from a normal distribution, 294 (55.2 %) showed high digit preference, 164 (30.8 %) had a large design effect, and 204 (38.3 %) a large sample size. Spline and LOESS smoothing techniques were explored and both techniques work well. After Spline smoothing, 56.7 % of the MUAC distributions showing departure from normality were “normalised” and 59.7 % after LOESS. Box-Cox power transformation had similar results on distributions showing departure from normality with 57 % of distributions approximating “normal” after transformation. Applying Box-Cox transformation after Spline or Loess smoothing techniques increased that proportion to 82.4 and 82.7 % respectively.

Conclusion
This suggests that statistical approaches relying on the normal distribution assumption can be successfully applied to MUAC. In light of this promising finding, further research is ongoing to evaluate the performance of a normal distribution based approach to estimating the prevalence of wasting using MUAC.
On approximation of fixed points of multivalued pseudocontractive mappings in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Isiogugu Felicia Obiageli 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is proved that if a multivalued k-strictly pseudocontractive mapping S of Chidume et al. (Abstr. Appl. Anal. 2013:629468, 2013) is of type one, then $I-S$
I
−
S
is demiclosed at zero. Also, under this condition, the Mann (respectively, Ishikawa) sequence weakly (respectively, strongly) converges to a fixed point of a multivalued k-strictly pseudocontractive (respectively, pseudocontractive) mapping S without the condition that the fixed point set of S is strict, where S is of type one if for any pair $r,g \in D(S)$
r
,
g
∈
D
(
S
)
, $$\|u-v\|\leq\Phi(Sr,Sg) \quad\mbox{for all } u\in P_{S}r, v\in P_{S}g, $$
∥
u
−
v
∥
≤
Φ
(
S
r
,
S
g
)

for all
u
∈

P
S

r
,
v
∈

P
S

g
,
and Φ denotes the Hausdorff metric. The results obtained give a partial answer to the problem of the removal of the strict fixed point set condition, which is usually imposed on multivalued mappings. Thus, the results extend, complement, and improve the results on multivalued and single-valued mappings in the contemporary literature.
The role of transoral robotic surgery, transoral laser microsurgery, and lingual tonsillectomy in the identification of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary origin: A systematic review
Authors: Fu Terence S. , Foreman Andrew , Goldstein David P. , de Almeida John R. 
Published: May 2016

Background Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck can present as a cervical metastasis from an unknown primary site. Recently, transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) have been incorporated in the workup of unknown primary tumors. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL from inception to June 2015 for all English-language studies that utilized TORS, TLM, or lingual tonsillectomy in the approach to an unknown primary. Results Of 217 identified studies, eight were reviewed. TORS/TLM identified the primary tumor in 111/139 (80 %) patients overall, and 36/54 (67 %) patients with no remarkable findings following physical exam, radiologic imaging, and panendoscopy with directed biopsies. Lingual tonsillectomy identified the primary tumor in 18/25 (72 %) patients with no findings. Hemorrhage (5 %) was the most common perioperative complication. Conclusion Lingual tonsillectomy using new approaches such as TORS/TLM may improve the identification of occult primary tumors.
Detecting iron-based pigments on ruthenium-coated ancestral Pueblo pottery using variable pressure scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Pendleton M. W. , Washburn D. K. , Ellis E. A. , Pendleton B. B. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background
Ancestral Puebloan black-on-white ceramics of the American Southwest can be classified as containing pigments within their painted designs containing high levels of organic-based elements such as potassium, or mineral-based elements such as iron, or a mixture of these elements. The identification of pigment elements of the pottery of a site is fundamental in determining the site’s cultural and temporal context. This paper will concentrate only on the analysis of mineral based pigment which was shown by previous researchers to exhibit greater concentrations of iron than organic based pigment. Although the visual discrimination of these pigments can be difficult if the pigment is a mixture of both pigment types or if the pigment is worn, this paper will describe a sherd sample previously shown to contain only mineral pigment. For the present study, a Tescan variable pressure scanning electron microscope, a JEOL 6400 scanning electron microscope, and a Hitachi S-3400 N scanning electron microscope were used with the same sherd. This sherd was coated with ruthenium to reduce charging without the visual color change associated with sputtered metal coatings. A reduction in microscope chamber vacuum also greatly reduced charging of unpainted areas. An energy dispersive spectrometry detector produced a map of the iron present in the sherd. Areas of iron in the sherd were identified using a backscatter electron detector. Iron as well as other elements present in the paint pigment was also detected using micro-X-ray fluorescence on the same sherd.

Results
The images and maps produced by the Tescan variable pressure scanning electron microscope did not always show well-defined iron-based pigmented areas on the sherd. Although the secondary image taken with a high vacuum did not show clear boundaries of the pigment on the sherd, a secondary image taken at a low vacuum of the same area showed well defined pigment boundaries. Other images taken with this microscope such as the backscatter image showed boundaries of sections of the pigment and the energy dispersive spectroscopic map showed a green colored pattern corresponding in general to the pigment area of the sherd containing iron. Using micro-X-ray fluorescence, the Hitachi S-3400 N scanning electron microscope mapped the following elements: iron, aluminum, potassium, calcium, sulfur, and silicon at a high vacuum with excellent resolution primarily for iron in the paint pigment on the sherd.

Conclusions
The best resolved image of iron-based pigment for the ruthenium coated sherd was obtained using the low vacuum secondary detector in the Tescan Vega 3 XMU. Excellent resolution for the energy dispersive spectrometry maps for iron was obtained by the micro-X-ray fluorescence detector on the Hitachi S-3400 N scanning electron microscope.
On the role of the gas environment, electron-dose-rate, and sample on the image resolution in transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Ek Martin , Jespersen Sebastian P. F. , Damsgaard Christian D. , Helveg Stig 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe introduction of gaseous atmospheres in transmission electron microscopy offers the possibility of studying materials in situ under chemically relevant environments. The presence of a gas environment can degrade the resolution. Surprisingly, this phenomenon has been shown to depend on the electron-dose-rate. In this article, we demonstrate that both the total and areal electron-dose-rates work as descriptors for the dose-rate-dependent resolution and are related through the illumination area. Furthermore, the resolution degradation was observed to occur gradually over time after initializing the illumination of the sample and gas by the electron beam. The resolution was also observed to be sensitive to the electrical conductivity of the sample. These observations can be explained by a charge buildup over the electron-illuminated sample area, caused by the beam–gas–sample interaction, and by a subsequent sample motion induced by electrical capacitance in the sample.
Complete genome sequence of an agr-dysfunctional variant of the ST239 lineage of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain GV69 from Brazil
Authors: Botelho Ana M. N. , Costa Maiana O. C. , Beltrame Cristiana O. , Ferreira Fabienne A. , Côrtes Marina F. , Bandeira Paula T. , Lima Nicholas C. B. , Souza Rangel C. , Almeida Luiz G. P. , Vasconcelos Ana T. R. , Nicolás Marisa F. , Figueiredo Agnes M. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a versatile Gram-positive coccus frequently found colonizing the skin and nasal membranes of humans. The acquisition of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec was a major milestone in the evolutionary path of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. This genetic element carries the mecA gene, the main determinant of methicillin resistance. MRSA is involved in a plethora of opportunistic infectious diseases. The accessory gene regulator is the major S. aureus quorum sensing system, playing an important role in staphylococcal virulence, including the development of biofilms. We report the complete genome sequence (NCBI BioProject ID: PRJNA264181) of the methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain GV69 (= CMVRS P4521), a variant of the ST239 lineage that presents with a natural attenuation of agr-RNAIII transcription and a moderate accumulation of biofilm.
Is sleep disruption a trigger for postpartum
psychosis?
Authors: Lewis Katie J. S. , Foster Russell G. , Jones Ian R. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAn episode of postpartum psychosis can be devastating for a woman and her
family, and it is vital we understand the factors involved in the aetiology
of this condition. Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption is a plausible
candidate but further research is needed that builds on the latest advances
in chronobiology and neuroscience.
Contribution of Heritability and Epigenetic Factors to Skeletal Muscle Mass Variation in United Kingdom Twins
Authors: Livshits Gregory , Gao Fei , Malkin Ida , Needhamsen Maria , Xia Yudong , Yuan Wei , Bell Christopher G. , Ward Kirsten , Liu Yuan , Wang Jun , Bell Jordana T. , Spector Tim D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Context:
Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is one of the major components of human body composition, with deviations from normal values often leading to sarcopenia.

Objective:
Our major aim was to conduct a genome-wide DNA methylation study in an attempt to identify potential genomic regions associated with SMM.

Design:
This was a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

Setting:
Community-based study.

Participants:
A total of 1550 middle-aged United Kingdom twins (monozygotic [MZ] and dizygotic [DZ]), 297 of which were repeatedly measured participated in the study.

Main Outcome Measure:
Appendicular lean mass assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry technology, and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing DNA methylation profiling genome-wide were obtained from each individual.

Results:
Heritability estimate of SMM, with simultaneous adjustment for covariates obtained using variance decomposition analysis, was h2 = 0.809 ± 0.050. After quality control and analysis of longitudinal stability, the DNA methylation data comprised of 723 029 genomic sites, with positive correlations between repeated measurements (Rrepeated = 0.114–0.905). Correlations between MZ and DZ twins were 0.51 and 0.38 at a genome-wide average, respectively, and clearly increased with Rrepeated. Testing for DNA methylation association with SMM in 50 discordant MZ twins revealed 36 081 nominally significant results, of which the top-ranked 134 signals (P &lt; .01 and Rrepeated &gt; 0.40) were subjected to replication in the sample of 1196 individuals. Seven SMM methylation association signals replicated at a false discovery rate less than 0.1, and these were located in or near genes DNAH12, CAND1, CYP4F29P, and ZFP64, which have previously been highlighted in muscle-related studies. Adjusting for age, smoking, and blood cell heterogeneity did not alter significance of these associations.

Conclusion:
This epigenome-wide study, testing longitudinally stable methylation sites, discovered and replicated a number of associations between DNA methylation at CpG loci and SMM. Four replicated signals were related to genes with potential muscle functions, suggesting that the methylome of whole blood may be informative of SMM variation.