bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary and contemporary responses to habitat fragmentation detected in a mesic zone marsupial, the long‐nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) in south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Frankham Greta. J. , Handasyde Kathrine A. , Eldridge Mark D. B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimOutside of Australia's Wet Tropics, studies of the biogeographical patterns of unglaciated Southern Hemisphere mesic environments are limited, and have primarily focused on herpetofauna. In this study mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite (nuDNA) analyses were used to investigate the impact of biogeographical barriers on the evolutionary history of the widespread Australian marsupial Potorous tridactylus, as well as the effect of recent human‐mediated habitat fragmentation.LocationAustralia; Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania.MethodsThree hundred and fifty‐four individuals from 39 sites (representing 16 regional populations) across the species range were assessed for mtDNA Control Region and microsatellite (10 loci) variation. Genetic diversity, phylogeographical relationships and population structure were examined, as well as evidence for isolation by distance and past population expansion.ResultsThree highly divergent and reciprocally monophyletic mtDNA lineages were resolved (two mainland, one Tasmanian). A deep phylogeographical break, not associated with any obvious biogeographical barrier, was present on the mainland. Within the northern mainland and Tasmanian lineages, sub‐structuring was coincident with the presence of physical barriers to gene flow. Fine‐scale structuring was also present, with regional populations highly differentiated.Main conclusionsThis study expands on previous studies of Australia's mesic biome. Major phylogeographical breaks were identified, that dated to the Miocene (within the mainland) and Pliocene (isolation of Tasmanian), and differed from those described for the region's herpetofauna in age or location. The major mainland break appears species specific within this topographically complex region of Australia. Tasmanian populations were isolated from the mainland well before the most recent flooding of Bass Strait. Minor phylogenetic breaks within Tasmanian and northern NSW were associated with known biogeographical barriers. An absence of sub‐structuring within the southern mainland lineage suggests extensive historical connectivity. The presence of regional population structure suggests that post‐European settlement, local populations have become isolated and differentiated.
Towards a Practice Turn in EU Studies: The Everyday of European Integration
Authors: Adler‐Nissen Rebecca 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article explores how practice theory can be recruited for the study of European integration. New generations of EU researchers are fascinated by the prospect of leaving the armchair and studying the people and artefacts that make the EU on an everyday level. This article surveys key practice‐oriented, anthropological and micro‐sociological studies of the EU and European integration and shows how their findings challenge more traditional understandings of the dynamics of European integration. Moving beyond a stock‐taking, the article distinguishes between ‘ordering’ and ‘disordering’ practices and explores the potential of a practice turn in EU studies for both theory (overcoming dualism, replacing substantialism with processualism and rethinking power) and methods (including unstructured interviews, fieldwork and participant observation). A practice turn will force us to rethink core assumptions about the EU and allow us to grasp otherwise uncharted performances and social activities that are crucial for European integration.
Field of Dreams: the Discursive Construction of EU Studies, Intellectual Dissidence and the Practice of ‘Normal Science’
Authors: Rosamond Ben 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article explores how and why established understandings of an academic field's history matter. In particular, it shows in the case of EU studies that a settled narrative of the pivotal theoretical debate between neo‐functionalism and intergovernmentalism has been a vital rhetorical tool in the constitution of the field since the 1990s. Drawing on citation data and contemporaneous accounts of the theoretical architecture of the field from the 1970s and 1980s, the article shows that the idea of an intergovernmentalist school of theory is a retrospective construction developed in the 1980s and 1990s that has been read back into the past of the field of integration studies. The further effects of this settled intersubjective understanding of EU studies past include contributions to the stereotyping and simplification of neo‐functionalism, the writing out of the field's key archive of other mainstream theoretical work and the continued silencing of non‐mainstream or ‘dissident’ theoretical voices.
Maternal perinatal mental health and offspring academic achievement at age 16: the mediating role of childhood executive function
Authors: Pearson Rebecca M. , Bornstein Marc H. , Cordero Miguel , Scerif Gaia , Mahedy Liam , Evans Jonathan , Abioye Abu , Stein Alan 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundElucidating risk pathways for under‐achieving at school can inform strategies to reduce the number of adolescents leaving school without passing grades in core subjects. Maternal depression can compromise the quality of parental care and is associated with multiple negative child outcomes. However, only a few small studies have investigated the association between perinatal maternal depression and poor academic achievement in adolescence. The pathways to explain the risks are also unclear.MethodProspective observational data from 5,801 parents and adolescents taking part in a large UK population cohort (Avon‐Longitudinal‐Study‐of‐Parents‐and‐Children) were used to test associations between maternal and paternal depression and anxiety in the perinatal period, executive function (EF) at age 8, and academic achievement at the end of compulsory school at age 16.ResultsAdolescents of postnatally depressed mothers were 1.5 times (1.19, 1.94, p = .001) as likely as adolescents of nondepressed mothers to fail to achieve a ‘pass’ grade in math; antenatal anxiety was also an independent predictor of poor math. Disruption in different components of EF explained small but significant proportions of these associations: attentional control explained 16% (4%, 27%, p < .001) of the association with postnatal depression, and working memory explained 17% (13%, 30%, p = .003) of the association with antenatal anxiety. A similar pattern was seen for language grades, but associations were confounded by maternal education. There was no evidence that paternal factors were independently associated with impaired child EF or adolescent exams.ConclusionMaternal postnatal depression and antenatal anxiety are risk factors for adolescents underachieving in math. Preventing, identifying, and treating maternal mental health in the perinatal period could, therefore, potentially increase adolescents’ academic achievement. Different aspects of EF partially mediated these associations. Further work is needed, but if these pathways are causal, improving EF could reduce underachievement in math.
Mini‐Implants, Mega Solutions: A Case Series
Authors: Kumari Pooja , Verma Mahesh , Sainia Vikrant , Gupta Ankur , Gupta Rekha , Gill Shubhra 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDental implants have evolved as a standard of care for replacement of missing teeth. Though this treatment modality promises a high level of patient satisfaction and success, it cannot be performed in all cases. Apart from medically compromised patients, implant use is also restricted whenever there is limited available bone volume at the edentulous site. An example includes the mandibular incisor, the maxillary lateral incisor region, and other sites with reduced interdental spacing and atrophic edentulous maxillary and mandibular ridges. Bone volume at some of these sites can be increased by suitable augmentation procedure for placement of a regular diameter implant (3.75 to 4.2 mm). But many a times such procedure cannot be undertaken either due to financial constraint, risk of subjecting the patient to additional surgical procedure, added time factor, or guarded prognosis of the grafted site. In such cases, mini‐implants can be used. In this case series, mini‐implants (2.5 to 3 mm) were used to replace teeth in all mouth quadrants and to retain a mandibular overdenture in a compromised case. The implants served well at all the sites with minimal bone loss and a high level of patient satisfaction. Mini‐implants hold the potential to serve as an alternate to regular diameter implants in certain situations. Preferably they should be used in multiples to retain fixed dental prostheses and might serve as an efficient, low‐cost solution for retaining overdentures in selected cases.
Fracture Resistance of Molar Crowns Fabricated with Monolithic All‐Ceramic CAD/CAM Materials Cemented on Titanium Abutments: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Dogan Derya Ozdemir , Gorler Oguzhan , Mutaf Burcu , Ozcan Mutlu , Eyuboglu Gunes Bulut , Ulgey Melih 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeTo assess the fracture resistance of single‐tooth implant‐supported crown restorations made with different CAD/CAM blocks.Materials and MethodsThirty‐six titanium abutments were put on dental implant analogs (Mis Implant). For each of three test groups (n = 12/group), implant‐supported, cement‐retained mandibular molar single crowns were produced. Crowns were made of lithium disilicate glass (LD) IPS e.max CAD, feldspathic glass ceramic (FEL) Vita Mark II, and resin nano‐ceramic (RNC) Lava Ultimate. The crowns were cemented with self‐adhesive resin cement RelyX Unicem 2. After chewing cycling, crowns were tested to failure in a universal testing machine. Fracture values were calculated as initial (F‐initial) and maximum fracture (F‐max).ResultsThe study groups were ranked, in order of having highest value, (LD > FEL) > RNC for F‐initial load value and (LD > RNC) > FEL for F‐max load value. This demonstrated that there was no parallel change in the F‐initial and F‐max values presenting the fracture resistance of specimens.ConclusionsThere was no accordance between the F‐initial and F‐max values of the LD, RNC, and FEL after chewing simulation with thermocycling resembling 5 years of clinical functional use. LD had the highest fracture resistance during the fracture test. RNC had low fracture resistance; however, it had considerably high fracture resistance during the fracture test. FEL had considerably low fracture resistance values.
Heat Transfer and Thermal Stress Analysis of a Mandibular Molar Tooth Restored by Different Indirect Restorations Using a Three‐Dimensional Finite Element Method
Authors: Çelik Köycü Berrak , İmirzalıoğlu Pervin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeDaily consumption of food and drink creates rapid temperature changes in the oral cavity. Heat transfer and thermal stress caused by temperature changes in restored teeth may damage the hard and soft tissue components, resulting in restoration failure. This study evaluates the temperature distribution and related thermal stress on mandibular molar teeth restored via three indirect restorations using three‐dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA).Materials and MethodsA 3D finite element model was constructed of a mandibular first molar and included enamel, dentin, pulp, surrounding bone, and indirect class 2 restorations of type 2 dental gold alloy, ceramic, and composite resin. A transient thermal FEA was performed to investigate the temperature distribution and the resulting thermal stress after simulated temperature changes from 36°C to 4 or 60°C for a 2‐second time period.ResultsThe restoration models had similar temperature distributions at 2 seconds in both the thermal conditions. Compared with 60°C exposure, the 4°C condition resulted in thermal stress values of higher magnitudes. At 4ºC, the highest stress value observed was tensile stress (56 to 57 MPa), whereas at 60°C, the highest stress value observed was compressive stress (42 to 43 MPa). These stresses appeared at the cervical region of the lingual enamel. The thermal stress at the restoration surface and resin cement showed decreasing order of magnitude as follows: composite > gold > ceramic, in both thermal conditions.ConclusionsThe properties of the restorative materials do not affect temperature distribution at 2 seconds in restored teeth. The pulpal temperature is below the threshold for vital pulp tissue (42ºC). Temperature changes generate maximum thermal stress at the cervical region of the enamel. With the highest thermal expansion coefficient, composite resin restorations exhibit higher stress patterns than ceramic and gold restorations.
Does the Prevalence of Periodontal Pathogens Change in Elderly Edentulous Patients after Complete Denture Treatment?
Authors: Andjelkovic Marko , Sojic Ljiljana Tihacek , Lemic Aleksandra Milic , Nikolic Nadja , Kannosh Ibrahim Yousif , Milasin Jelena 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeTo determine if wearing complete dentures can cause changes in prevalence of some of the most common periodontal pathogens in elderly edentulous patients. The need for understanding the composition of oral microflora in edentulous patients has been recognized by some authors, but no studies have dealt with the changes that occur in periodontal pathogens’ prevalence as a result of complete dentures.Materials and MethodsA total of 30 edentulous elderly (average age 71) patients participated in the study. Complete dentures were fabricated for each patient, and the residual alveolar ridges were swabbed before denture insertion. After a period of 6 months swabs were taken again. Identification of P. intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, and F. nucleatum was done by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and primers specific for each microorganism.ResultsA noticeable increase in the presence of periodontal pathogens was observed after 6 months of denture wearing; targeted bacteria were identified in 17 pre‐insertion samples compared to 28 post‐insertion samples. The McNemar test was used to compare the prevalence of periodontal pathogenic bacteria before and after dental treatment. p<0.05 indicated statistical significance. Three microorganisms showed a statistically significant difference between the first and second swabbing—A. actinomycetemcomitans (6.7% vs. 40.0%, p = 0.006), P. intermedia (30.0% vs. 73.3%, p = 0.004), and T. forsythia (6.7% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.004). There was also an increase in bacteria co‐associations 6 months post‐insertion of complete dentures.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggested that wearing complete dentures caused a considerable increase of periodontopathic bacteria prevalence in elderly patients. Better understanding of oral microflora and the impact dental treatment has on bacterial colonies is important in modern dentistry.
Sofosbuvir‐based regimens in clinical practice achieve SVR rates closer to clinical trials: results from ERCHIVES
Authors: Butt Adeel A. , Yan Peng , Shaikh Obaid S. , Chung Raymond T. , Sherman Kenneth E. ,   the ERCHIVES study
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsSofosbuvir is widely prescribed for treatment of HCV infection. We compared the sustained virologic response rates (SVR12) and the haematologic toxicity of various sofosbuvir‐based regimens in routine clinical practice.MethodsWe used ERCHIVES (Electronically Retrieved Cohort of HCV infected Veterans) to identify HCV‐infected persons initiated on sofosbuvir‐based regimens. Treatment duration and regimen were defined as per labelling guidelines. We excluded persons with HIV, positive hepatitis‐B surface antigen, hepatocellular carcinoma and missing HCV RNA.ResultsAmong 4257 sofosbuvir‐treated persons, sofosbuvir/simeprevir (30%), sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (29%) and sofosbuvir/ribavirin (23%) were the most common combinations prescribed. The mean age (SD) was 60.22 (6.3) years, 96% were male, 22.4% were black, 37.2% had cirrhosis, 29.7% were treatment‐experienced; baseline mean HCV RNA was 6.73 log lIU/ml. Comorbidities included: 40.2% alcohol abuse or dependence, 39.7% drug abuse or dependence, 25.1% diabetes and 14.4% stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease. Overall, 86.7% completed a full course of treatment. Overall, SVR12 rates were 88–98% in the sofosbuvir/simeprevir group and 93–98% in the sofosbuvir/ledipasvir group and did not vary based on previous treatment history or cirrhosis at baseline. For genotype 2/3 patients treated with sofosbuvir/ribavirin, SVR12 rates ranged from 69 to 87% with lowest rates in treatment‐experienced cirrhotics. For the sofosbuvir/simeprevir and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir groups, grade3/4 haematologic adverse events were uncommon; these trended back close to baseline values after completion of treatment.ConclusionsSofosbuvir‐based regimens in clinical practice are associated with SVR rates comparable to those seen in clinical trials and low rates of grade 3/4 haematological adverse events.
Wood phenology, not carbon input, controls the interannual variability of wood growth in a temperate oak forest
Authors: Delpierre Nicolas , Berveiller Daniel , Granda Elena , Dufrêne Eric 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Although the analysis of flux data has increased our understanding of the interannual variability of carbon inputs into forest ecosystems, we still know little about the determinants of wood growth. Here, we aimed to identify which drivers control the interannual variability of wood growth in a mesic temperate deciduous forest.

We analysed a 9‐yr time series of carbon fluxes and aboveground wood growth (AWG), reconstructed at a weekly time‐scale through the combination of dendrometer and wood density data.

Carbon inputs and AWG anomalies appeared to be uncorrelated from the seasonal to interannual scales. More than 90% of the interannual variability of AWG was explained by a combination of the growth intensity during a first ‘critical period’ of the wood growing season, occurring close to the seasonal maximum, and the timing of the first summer growth halt. Both atmospheric and soil water stress exerted a strong control on the interannual variability of AWG at the study site, despite its mesic conditions, whilst not affecting carbon inputs.

Carbon sink activity, not carbon inputs, determined the interannual variations in wood growth at the study site. Our results provide a functional understanding of the dependence of radial growth on precipitation observed in dendrological studies.
Comparison of dexmedetomidine and chloral hydrate sedation for transthoracic echocardiography in infants and toddlers: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Miller Jeff , Xue Bin , Hossain Md , Zhang Ma‐Zhong , Loepke Andreas , Kurth Dean 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundProcedural sedation using chloral hydrate is used in many institutions to improve the quality of transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) in infants and young children. Chloral hydrate has limited availability in some countries, creating the need for alternative effective sedatives.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of two doses of intranasal dexmedetomidine vs oral chloral hydrate sedation for transthoracic echocardiography.MethodsThis is a randomized, prospective study of 150 children under the age of 3 years with known or suspected congenital heart disease scheduled for transthoracic echocardiography with sedation. Group CH received oral chloral hydrate 70 mg·kg−1, group DEX2 received 2 μg·kg−1 intranasal dexmedetomidine, and group DEX3 received 3 μg·kg−1 intranasal dexmedetomidine. Acceptance of drug administration, sedation onset and duration, heart rate, and oxygen saturation, sonographer and parent satisfaction were recorded.ResultsAll patients were successfully sedated for TTE. A second sedative dose (rescue) for failed single‐dose sedation was required for 4% of patients after CH, none of the patients after DEX2, and 4% of patients after DEX3. Patients in group CH had an average heart rate decline of 22% during sedation, while group DEX2 decreased 27%, and group DEX3 23% (P = 0.2180). Mean time from administration of the sedative to final patient discharge was 96 min after CH, 83 min after DEX2, and 94 min after DEX3 (P = 0.1826).ConclusionIntranasal dexmedetomidine 2 and 3 μg·kg−1 were found to be as effective for TTE sedation as oral chloral hydrate with similar sedation onset and recovery time and heart rate changes in this study population.
Prevalence of small for gestational age (SGA) and short stature in children born SGA who qualify for growth hormone treatment at 3 years of age: Population‐based study
Authors: Fujita Kaori , Nagasaka Miwako , Iwatani Sota , Koda Tsubasa , Kurokawa Daisuke , Yamana Keiji , Nishida Kosuke , Taniguchi‐Ikeda Mariko , Uchino Eiko , Shirai Chika , Iijima Kazumoto , Morioka Ichiro 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo treat children born small for gestational age (SGA) with severe short stature, treatment with growth hormone (GH) has been approved in the USA, Europe, and Japan, but no population‐based studies have reported their prevalence. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of SGA and short stature in children born SGA who qualify for GH treatment at 3 years of age in a Japanese population.MethodsA population‐based study was conducted in Kobe, Japan with 27 228 infants who were born between 2006 and 2008 and followed until 3 years of age. Prevalence of birthweight (BW) or birth length (BL) ≤ −2.0 standard deviation scores (SDS) for gestational age (GA; definition of SGA) was calculated. Short children born SGA who qualify for GH treatment at 3 years of age were estimated using the following criteria: BW and BL below the 10th percentile for GA, BW or BL ≤ −2.0 SDS for GA, and 2.5 SDS below the mean height for age.ResultsThe prevalence of SGA was 3.5%. The estimated prevalence of short stature in children born SGA who met the criteria for GH treatment was 0.06%. The prevalence in infants born <34 weeks (0.39%) was significantly higher than that in infants born 34–41 weeks GA (0.05%, P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe prevalence of SGA and short stature in children born SGA who qualify for GH treatment is approximately 1 of 30 infants and 1 of 1800 children, respectively. The risk is increased when children are born <34 weeks GA.
Family process: Early child emotionality, parenting stress, and couple relationship quality
Authors: BERRYHILL M. BLAKE , SOLOSKI KRISTY L. , DURTSCHI JARED A. , ADAMS REBEKAH REYES 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGuided by family systems theory, we used couple data (N = 1,778) from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine the link between perceived infant negative emotionality, parenting stress, and couple relationship quality when the child was 1, 3, and 5 years. Using a latent actor–partner interdependence model, we tested dyadic direct and indirect effects for married and cohabiting couples. Parents who reported higher levels of perceived infant negative emotionality at age 1 had higher parenting stress at age 3. Mothers' and fathers' parenting stress at age 3 predicted lower levels of their own couple relationship quality and their partner's relationship quality at age 5. Parenting stress mediated the relation between perceived infant emotionality and couple relationship quality.