bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Overland Precipitation Retrieval with Brightness Temperature Temporal Variation
Authors: You Yalei , Peters-Lidard Christa , Turk Joseph , Ringerud Sarah , Yang Song 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Current microwave precipitation retrieval algorithms utilize the instantaneous brightness temperature (TB) to estimate precipitation rate. This study presents a new idea that can be used to improve existing algorithms: using TB temporal variation from the microwave radiometer constellation. As a proof of concept, microwave observations from eight polar-orbiting satellites are utilized to derive . Results show that correlates more strongly with precipitation rate than the instantaneous TB. Particularly, the correlation with precipitation rate improved to −0.6 by using over the Rocky Mountains and north of 45°N, while the correlation is only −0.1 by using TB. The underlying reason is that largely eliminates the negative influence from snow-covered land, which frequently is misidentified as precipitation. Another reason is that is less affected by environmental variation (e.g., temperature, water vapor). Further analysis shows that the magnitude of the correlation between and precipitation rate is dependent on the satellite revisit frequency. Finally, it is shown that the retrieval results from are superior to that from TB, with the largest improvement in winter. Additionally, the retrieved precipitation rate over snow-covered regions by only using at 89 GHz agrees well with the ground radar observations, which opens new opportunities to retrieve precipitation in high latitudes for sensors with the highest frequency at ~89 GHz. This study implies that a geostationary microwave radiometer can significantly improve precipitation retrieval performance. It also highlights the importance of maintaining the current passive microwave satellite constellation.
Circulation Induced by Isolated Dense Water Formation over Closed Topographic Contours
Authors: Spall Michael A. , Pedlosky Joseph , Cenedese Claudia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe problem of localized dense water formation over a sloping bottom is considered for the general case in which the topography forms a closed contour. This class of problems is motivated by topography around islands or shallow shoals in which convection resulting from brine rejection or surface heat loss reaches the bottom. The focus of this study is on the large-scale circulation that is forced far from the region of surface forcing. The authors find that a cyclonic current is generated around the topography, in the opposite sense to the propagation of the dense water plume. In physical terms, this current results from the propagation of low sea surface height from the region of dense water formation anticyclonically along the topographic contours back to the formation region. This pressure gradient is then balanced by a cyclonic geostrophic flow. This basic structure is well predicted by a linear quasigeostrophic theory, a primitive equation model, and in rotating tank experiments. For sufficiently strong forcing, the anticyclonic circulation of the dense plume meets this cyclonic circulation to produce a sharp front and offshore advection of dense water at the bottom and buoyant water at the surface. This nonlinear limit is demonstrated in both the primitive equation model and in the tank experiments.
Subseasonal Dynamical Prediction of East Asian Cold Surges
Authors: Li Qiaoping , Yang Song , Wu Tongwen , Liu Xiangwen 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Predictability of East Asian cold surges is studied using daily data from the hindcasts of 45-day integrations by the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2). Prediction skills of the CFSv2 in forecasting cold surges, their annual variation, and their physical links to large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns are examined. Results show that the climatological characteristics of the East Asian winter monsoon can be reasonably reproduced by the CFSv2. The model can well capture the frequency, intensity, and location of cold surges at a lead time of about two weeks. Obviously, fewer-than-observed cold surge days are found in the predictions when the lead time is above 14 days. The spatiotemporal evolutions of high-, mid-, and low-level circulation patterns during cold surge occurrences are all accurately indicated in the CFSv2 prediction. Except for precipitation, the other variables associated with cold surges, such as geopotential height, wind, sea level pressure, and surface air temperature, exhibit higher skills. The lead time of skillful prediction of precipitation is limited to around 1 week, with systematic wet biases over the South China Sea, the Philippine Islands, and the northwest Pacific, but dry biases over India, the Indo-China Peninsula, and most high-latitude regions. Wave train–like patterns of geopotential height and wind differ distinguishably when cold surges occur in northern and southern regions (using 35°N as the dividing line), and the CFSv2 gives a consistent prediction to these anomalous patterns. A weaker-than-observed Siberian high and weaker northerly winds over eastern China are found in the predictions especially at longer lead times.
Limit Laws for Power Normalized Partial Maxima of Independent Random Variables Having one of m Specified Distributions
Authors: Ravi S. 
Published: July 2017

Suppose [Formula: see text] are independent observations from [Formula: see text] distribution functions. In this paper we discuss the asymptotic behaviour of power normalized partial maxima under some assumptions on the distribution functions. AMS (2000} Subject Classification: Primary 60F99; Secondary 60E99.
Detailed Statistical Inference – From Multiple Decisions to Confidence Sets – A Non­Bayesian Approach
Authors: Chattopadhyay Gaurangadeb 
Published: July 2017

A new approach to detailed statistical inference for the two-decision and multiple decision problem was developed by Chatterjee and Chattopadhyay (1992, 1993). The procedure developed for the multipledecision case is used here to find a solution to, what may be called, the problem of estimation by a ‘confidence set’ when the parameter space is finite. The confidence set problem in which we are required to state a datadependent measure of ‘confidence’ which can be interpreted in terms of betting odds that are ‘optimal’ under repeated experimentation, is considered. A truncated form of utility function is introduced. The case of the truncated form of logarithmic utility function is considered in detail. AMS {2000} Subject Classification: 62A01, 62F99.
Some Supplemented Row-Column Designs with Varying Replications
Authors: Mehta Santosh Kumari, B.D. , Batra S.D. 
Published: July 2017

A series of Row-column designs (RC-designs) in two sets of treatments with varying replications have been constructed by supplementing a set of [Formula: see text] treatments in blank positions of [Formula: see text] row-column design of Agrawal (1966). The [Formula: see text] supplemented treatments are further divided into v1 groups each having v2 treatments and by merging the v2 treatments of each group a series of RC-designs in v1 supplemented treatments has been obtained. The designs have been identified as Simple partially efficiency balanced Row-column designs (SPEB RC-designs). AMS {2000} Subject Classification: 62K10.
Concomitants of Order Statistics from Marshall and Olkin's Bivariate Weibull Distribution
Authors: Begum Anjuman A. , Khan A. H. 
Published: July 2017

The probability density function (pdf) of the rth, 1 ≤ r ≤ n, concomitants of ordered statistics are derived for Marshall and Olkin's bivariate Weibull distribution and their moments are obtained. Also their means and variances are tabulated. AMS (2000) Subject Classification: 62E15, 62G30.
Generalized Hypergeometric Factorial Moment Distribution of Order k
Authors: Kumar C. Satheesh , Moothathu T. S. K. 
Published: July 2017

Here we introduce the generalized hypergeometric functional moment distribution of order k (GHFMD (k)) in the distribution of the random sum [Formula: see text] having Hira no's k-point distribution, where N, independent of X j's, has the generalized hypergeomet ric factorial moment distribution. Well-known discrete distributions of order k such as cluster binomial, cluster negative binomial and extended Poisson are shown to be special cases of GHFMD(k). The probability mass function, recurrence relations for probabilities and factorial moments of GHFMD (k) are found out. The beta or the gamma mixture of GHFMD (k) is shown to be a GHFMD (k). Finally GHFMD (k) is obtained as a limit of another GHFMD (k). AMS (2000) Subject Classification: Primary 60E05, 60E10; Secondary 33C20.
Alcohol in the Countries in Transition: The Polish Experience and the Wider Context
Authors: Moskalewicz Jacek 
Published: July 2017

The Eastern European transitions of the 1990s from centrally planned economy toward market economy and from monoparty political system to multiparty democracy strongly affected the alcohol field. Rapid reduction of the State's powers and weak or nonexistent civil society led to domination of the market in both economy and social life. The alcohol supply from licit and illicit sources increased dramatically, its consumption soared, and problems related to alcohol contributed remarkably to the health crisis present in a majority of countries in transition. In countries where civil society reemerged relatively soon and the State regained its regulatory power over the market, the mortality crisis was less severe and much shorter. Partial reintroduction of State control over the alcohol market and revival of the temperance movements reduced illicit supply and led to either stabilization or decline of alcohol consumption, which, however, still exceeds the pretransition levels. Appropriation of the alcohol sector by multinational companies diminished again the influence of the State and civil society and may lead to a new high in consumption and related problems.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Search for Retrocochlear Pathology
Authors: Sedwick Jack D. , Gajewski Byron J. , Prevatt Angela R. , Antonelli Patrick J. 
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of retrocochlear pathologic conditions that may be seen with full, contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, relative to more limited studies of the internal auditory canals (IACs) in patients with unilateral hearing loss or tinnitus with or without dizziness.METHODS:A retrospective study was performed on all patients who had a magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and otologic symptoms over a 7‐year period.RESULTS:Abnormalities were found in 11 of 128 patients with only auditory symptoms and in 63 of 282 patients with auditory symptoms and/or dizziness (P = 0.005). Treatable lesions may not have been identified with a limited IAC study in 3 of 128 patients with only unilateral auditory symptoms, and 21 of 282 patients with dizziness (P = 0.045).CONCLUSIONS:Limited MRI of the IACs may serve as an adequate screening test for retrocochlear pathologic conditions in patients with unilateral auditory symptoms and no dizziness.
Histologic Changes in Skin Implanted into the Larynx and Trachea by Myocutaneous Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Eliachar Isaac , Sebek Bruce A. , Levine Samuel , Tucker Harvey M. 
Published: July 2017

Skin is the tissue most readily available for relining the walls of the reconstructed larynx or trachea. Its use has been condemned In the past because of potential contracture, scaling, crust formation, and collapse into the lumen. Most of these complications have occurred when free, split‐thickness grafts were used. We studied the changes that develop within skin that is transferred into the lumen of the airway as part of a vascularized sternohyoid myocutaneous flap. Twenty‐one dogs underwent reconstruction of laryngotracheal defects by a vascularized myocutaneous flap. The closely shaved and chemically depilated skin included in this reconstruction was ultimately found to be well healed to the adjacent mucosa. Flaps as large as 8 cm2 survived with no evidence of scaling, crusting, or contracture. The cutaneous appendages in the flaps were compared with those found in adjacent skin near the donor site. After proper depilation there was involution of cutaneous appendages. Scarring of the dermis appeared to add support to the grafts. Our findings demonstrate that the rotary door sternohyoid myocutaneous flap is a reliable, well‐vascularized flap that can have extensive application in laryngotracheal reconstruction.
First Place — Resident Basic Science Award 1994: α‐Difluoromethylornithine Delays Behavioral Recovery and Induces Decompensation after Unilateral Labyrinthectomy
Authors: Backous Douglas D. , Henley Charles M. , Dunn J. Kay , Jenkins Herman A. 
Published: July 2017

Biochemical and pharmacologic studies suggest a role for the ornithine decarboxylase—polyamine system as a modulator of behavioral changes during vestibular compensation. α‐Difluoromethylornithine specifically blocks the rate‐limiting step of polyamine biosynthesis. To assess the effects of α‐difluoromethylornithine on the acute phase of postural compensation, guinea pigs were divided into groups subjected to either unilateral labyrinthectomy only (n = 7), α‐difluoromethylornithine (500 mg/kg/day) for 4 days before labyrinthectomy (n = 10), equivalent volumes of saline for 4 days before labyrinthectomy (n = 8), and sham operations (n = 5). Yaw head tilt and roll head tilt, trunk curvature, and air‐righting reflex were measured at baseline and at regular intervals up to 4 weeks. α‐Difluoromethylornithine significantly delayed recovery of normal air‐righting but had no effect on yaw head tilt, roll head tilt, and trunk curvature. We also evaluated effects of α‐difluoromethylornithine in compensated guinea pigs. Fully compensated animals from phase 1 were randomly assigned to receive α‐difluoromethylornithine (500 mg/kg/day) or saline once daily for 4 days. Only 33% of α‐difluoromethylornithine animals maintained air‐righting, compared with 100% of saline‐treated animals (p = 0.003). Maximum trunk curvature was greater in the α‐difluoromethylornithine group (p = 0.02). Thus α‐difluoromethylornithine not only delayed the time course for postural recovery after unilateral labyrinthectomy, it also transiently disrupted the maintenance of the compensated state.
Color Doppler Ultrasound Findings in Patellar Tendinopathy (Jumper's Knee)
Authors: Hoksrud Aasne , Öhberg Lars , Alfredson Håkan , Bahr Roald 
Published: July 2017

Background Recent studies have revealed structural changes with neovessels in patients with jumper's knee and Achilles tendinopathy, and treatment with sclerosing injections has shown promising clinical results. Purpose To study the prevalence of neovascularization and structural tendon changes on color Doppler ultrasound examination in elite athletes with clinical symptoms of jumper's knee and to examine the ultrasound characteristics of the tendon after sclerosing injection treatment with polidocanol. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods The authors recruited patients among elite athletes with a clinical diagnosis of jumper's knee who participated in a previous randomized clinical trial. The patients recorded knee function using the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment score. Patients were examined by color Doppler ultrasound at baseline and, for patients with structural changes and neovascularization who received sclerosing treatment, after treatment. Results Sixty-three patients (11 women and 52 men) with 79 symptomatic tendons were studied. The ultrasound examination revealed that neovascularization was present in 48 of the 79 tendons (60%). Of 33 patients (43 tendons) who received sclerosing injections, 29 patients (37 tendons, 86%) were examined 37 (19 to 53) weeks after their final sclerosing injections. Of these, 7 tendons (18.9%) had no change in neovascularization after treatment, 21 tendons (56.8%) had less neovascularization, and 9 tendons (24.3%) had more visible neovascularization. There were no significant differences in the change in Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment score between patients who had less, more, or unchanged neovascularization after treatment (analysis of variance, P = .9). Conclusion About two thirds of patients with jumper's knee can be expected to have structural tendon changes with neovascularization. There was no relationship between changes in ultrasound characteristic and knee function after sclerosing treatment.
The Pharmacological Management of Oppositional Behaviour, Conduct Problems, and Aggression in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Part 1: Psychostimulants, Alpha-2 Agonists, and Atomoxetine
Authors: Pringsheim Tamara , Hirsch Lauren , Gardner David , Gorman Daniel A 
Published: July 2017

Objective: Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have oppositional behaviour, conduct problems, and aggression. These symptoms vary in severity, and may be related to a comorbid diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or conduct disorder (CD). Critical evaluation of the efficacy of ADHD medications may guide the clinician regarding the usefulness of medications for these symptoms. Method: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of psychostimulants, alpha-2 agonists, and atomoxetine for oppositional behaviour, conduct problems, and aggression in youth with ADHD, ODD, and CD. The quality of evidence for medications was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Results: Two systematic reviews and 20 randomized controlled trials were included. There is high-quality evidence that psychostimulants have a moderate-to-large effect on oppositional behaviour, conduct problems, and aggression in youth with ADHD, with and without ODD or CD. There is very-low-quality evidence that clonidine has a small effect on oppositional behaviour and conduct problems in youth with ADHD, with and without ODD or CD. There is moderate-quality evidence that guanfacine has a small-to-moderate effect on oppositional behaviour in youth with ADHD, with and without ODD. There is high-quality evidence that atomoxetine has a small effect on oppositional behaviour in youth with ADHD, with and without ODD or CD. Conclusions: Evidence indicates that psychostimulants, alpha-2 agonists, and atomoxetine can be beneficial for disruptive and aggressive behaviours in addition to core ADHD symptoms; however, psychostimulants generally provide the most benefit.
Canadian Guidelines on Pharmacotherapy for Disruptive and Aggressive Behaviour in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, or Conduct Disorder
Authors: Gorman Daniel A , Gardner David M , Murphy Andrea L , Feldman Mark , Bélanger Stacey A , Steele Margaret M , Boylan Khrista , Cochrane-Brink Kate , Goldade Roxanne , Soper Paul R , Ustina Judy , Pringsheim Tamara 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To develop evidence-based guidelines on pharmacotherapy for severe disruptive and aggressive behaviour in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), or conduct disorder (CD). The guidelines assume that psychosocial interventions have been pursued but did not achieve sufficient improvement. Method: A multidisciplinary consensus group used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach for rating evidence quality and for grading recommendations. We conducted a systematic review of medications studied in placebo-controlled trials for treating disruptive and aggressive behaviour in children and adolescents with ADHD, ODD, or CD. We followed consensus procedures to make 1 of 4 recommendations for each medication: strong, in favour (↑↑); conditional, in favour (↑?); conditional, against (↓?); and strong, against (↓↓). Results: For children and adolescents with disruptive or aggressive behaviour associated with ADHD, psychostimulants received a strong recommendation in favour of use, while atomoxetine and alpha-2 agonists received a conditional recommendation in favour of use. If these patients do poorly with ADHD medications, the medication with the most evidence is risperidone. Risperidone also has the most evidence for treating disruptive or aggressive behaviour in the absence of ADHD. However, given risperidone's major adverse effects, it received only a conditional recommendation in favour of use. We recommended against using quetiapine, haloperidol, lithium, or carbamazepine because of the poor quality of evidence and their major adverse effects. Conclusion: When severe disruptive or aggressive behaviour occurs with ADHD, medications for ADHD should be used first. Other medications have major adverse effects and, with the exception of risperidone, very limited evidence to support their use.
Predictors of Frequent Recourse to Health Professionals by People with Severe Mental Disorders
Authors: Fleury Marie-Josée , Grenier Guy , Bamvita Jean-Marie 
Published: July 2017

Objective: Based on Andersen's behavioural model, our study sought to determine predictors and blocks of factors that could explain why people with severe mental disorders (SMDs) more often seek the services of health professionals. Methods: This longitudinal study involved 292 users with SMDs located in Le Sud-Ouest, the southwest borough of Montreal. Data were collected from participants' medical records and through 7 questionnaires. Using Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use, independent variables were divided into 3 classes—predisposing factors, enabling factors, and need factors—and were introduced in this order in a hierarchical logistic model. Results: Among 292 users, 110 (37.7%) were frequent users who consulted about one health professional every 3 days. Participants who were more likely to call on health professionals were single and older, depended on welfare as their main source of income, lived in supervised housing, suffered from schizophrenia, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and adjustment disorders, and, marginally, exhibited multiple mental disorders. Conclusion: Mental health services could promote strategies to overcome the reluctance of younger people to seek professional services. Professionals should pay close attention to subsidiary conditions, such as adjustment disorders, from which people with SMDs may suffer. Interventions to improve the socioeconomic condition of unemployed people with SMDs may help to reduce health care service use among that clientele. Programs such as supported employment should be tailored and enhanced for people receiving welfare to decrease stigmatization and improve job market integration.
Nightmares in Patients with Psychosis: The Relation with Sleep, Psychotic, Affective, and Cognitive Symptoms
Authors: Sheaves Bryony , Onwumere Juliana , Keen Nadine , Stahl Daniel , Kuipers Elizabeth 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To examine the prevalence of nightmares in people with psychosis and to describe the link between nightmares and sleep quality, psychotic, affective, and cognitive symptoms. Methods: Forty participants with psychotic symptoms completed an assessment of nightmares, sleep quality, positive symptoms of psychosis, affect, posttraumatic stress, social functioning, and working memory. Results: Among the patients, 55% reported weekly distressing nightmares. Experience of more frequent nightmares was related to poorer sleep quality and sleep efficiency. More distressing nightmares were positively associated with greater delusional severity, depression, anxiety, stress, and difficulties with working memory. Conclusions: Nightmares might be common in those with psychosis and are associated with increased day- and nighttime impairment. Future research should investigate treatments for nightmares, for people presenting with psychotic symptoms.