bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction of Pentelidene Complexes with Diazoalkanes: Stabilization of Parent 2,3‐Dipnictabutadienes
Authors: Seidl Michael , Stubenhofer Markus , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe reaction of the phosphinidene complex [Cp*P{W(CO)5}2] (1 a) with diphenyldiazomethane leads to [{W(CO)5}Cp*P=NN{W(CO)5}=CPh2] (2). Compound 2 is a rare example of a phosphadiazadiene ligand (R‐P=N−N=CR′R′′) complex. At temperatures above 0 °C, 2 decomposes into the complex [{W(CO)5}PCp*{N(H)N=CPh2)2] (3), among other species. The reaction of the pentelidene complexes [Cp*E{W(CO)5}2] (E=P, As) with diazomethane (CH2NN) proceeds differently. For the arsinidene complex (1 b), only the arsaalkene complex 4 b [{W(CO)5}2{η1:2‐(Cp*)As=CH2}] is formed. The reaction with the phosphinidene complex (1 a) results in three products, the two phosphaalkene complexes [{W(CO)5}2{η1:2‐(R)P=CH2}] (4 a: R=Cp*, 5: R=H) and the triazaphosphole derivative [{W(CO)5}P(Cp*)‐CH2‐N{W(CO)5}=N‐N(N=CH2)] (6 a). The phosphaalkene complex (4 a) and the arsaalkene complex (4 b) are not stable at room temperature and decompose to the complexes [{W(CO)5}4(CH2=E−E=CH2)] (7 a: E=P, 7 b: E=As), which are the first examples of complexes with parent 2,3‐diphospha‐1,3‐butadiene and 2,3‐diarsa‐1,3‐butadiene ligands.
Design, Synthesis, and Application of an Optimized Monofluorinated Aliphatic Label for Peptide Studies by Solid‐State 19F NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kokhan Serhii O. , Tymtsunik Andriy V. , Grage Stephan L. , Afonin Sergii , Babii Oleg , Berditsch Marina , Strizhak Alexander V. , Bandak Dmytro , Platonov Maxim O. , Komarov Igor V. , Ulrich Anne S. , Mykhailiuk Pavel K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA conformationally restricted monofluorinated α‐amino acid, (3‐fluorobicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl)glycine (F‐Bpg), was designed as a label for the structural analysis of membrane‐bound peptides by solid‐state 19F NMR spectroscopy. The compound was synthesized and validated as a 19F label for replacing natural aliphatic α‐amino acids. Calculations suggested that F‐Bpg is similar to Leu/Ile in terms of size and lipophilicity. The 19F NMR label was incorporated into the membrane‐active antimicrobial peptide PGLa and provided information on the structure of the peptide in a lipid bilayer.
Fabrication of PMMA/zeolite nanofibrous membrane through electrospinning and its adsorption behavior
Authors: Lee Jacky Jia Li , Ang Bee Chin , Andriyana Andri , Shariful Md Islam , Amalina M. A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe present work investigates the effect of various solution parameters and electrospinning parameters on the characteristics of electrospun nanofibrous membranes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the surface morphology of the nanofibrous membrane. Adsorption test on methyl orange was also carried out and analyzed using the UV–vis. Results showed that increasing voltage decreased mean nanofiber diameter. Meanwhile, increasing PMMA concentration, feed rate, distance between collector‐and‐needle tip increased mean nanofiber diameter. Zeolite concentration and needle size did not affect the surface morphology significantly. The UV–vis spectra of the adsorption test showed that ∼93%, 85.5%, and 78% of methyl orange were adsorbed for 30, 50, and 100 mg L−1 initial dye concentration, respectively, within 11 min. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 95.33 mg g−1. Therefore, PMMA/zeolite nanofibrous membranes possess the adsorption capability toward effective dye removal. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44450.
Development and characterization of multilayer films based on polyhydroxyalkanoates and hydrocolloids
Authors: de Andrade Camila Souza , Fonseca Gustavo Graciano , Innocentini Mei Lucia Helena , Fakhouri Farayde Matta 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTNew biodegradable polymeric materials have been developed in order to minimize the environmental impact caused by the traditional packaging found in the market. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biopolymers with important features such as biodegradability and biocompatibility; however, the costs associated with PHAs production and the limited mechanical properties reduce their application. Whey is a residual product from dairy industry and gelatin is a biopolymer with good processing characteristics. In this context, a filmogenic solution based on these two biopolymers was incorporated into pure PHA films to improve their optical, mechanical, and structural properties. The filmogenic solution was prepared from gelatin, cheese whey and PHAs, using glycerol as plasticizer agent. The multilayers films (gelatin concentrations at 3 and 5%, w/v) showed higher values for all properties when compared with the PHA standard film. In this sense, the addition of this solution was responsible for the improvement of the film properties. The 5% gelatin multilayers films added of cheese whey and PHAs showed better results when compared with the multilayers films with gelatin at 3%. The film composed of gelatin 5% and cheese whey showed a water vapor permeability ranging from 0.45 g mm/m2/d/kPa, elongation of 2.18%, and opacity of 14.5%. However, the results of the morphological analysis showed that both films presented a homogeneous surface without cracks. Moreover, the results of the thermal analysis of both films indicate polymeric miscibility. Thus, the choice of the best film will depend on its applicability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44458.
Antioxidant and physicochemical properties of blended films based on gelatin‐sodium caseinate activated with natural extracts
Authors: Bonilla Jeannine , Sobral Paulo J. A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTBlend films of pigskin gelatin (GEL) and sodium caseinate (SCas) with boldo (B), guarana (G), cinnamon (C), or rosemary (R) extracts added were studied. SCas and extracts addition in blend films significantly increased the gloss and better UV barrier of GEL100 films. Extracts incorporation significantly decreased the rigidity and elongation of GEL100 films, which were significantly improved in GEL75:SCas25 blend films with extracts (EM = 295.69 ± 21.75 MPa and EB = 11.60 ± 3.43%). SCas addition not affected the TS parameter. The water vapor permeability of GEL100 films was reduced in blended films with extracts, showing the lowest value for GEL75:SCas25 + R (0.99 ± 0.07 × 1010 g s−1 m−1 Pa−1). FTIR and microstructure analyses showed good compatibility for all components. The antioxidant activity of GEL100 was significantly increased with SCas and extracts addition (GEL50:SCas50 + R = 4.31 ± 0.11 mM), suggesting the application of these films as an active food packaging material. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44467.
Engineering of Poly Lactic Acids (PLAs) for melt processing: Material structure and thermal properties
Authors: Barletta M. , Moretti P. , Pizzi E. , Puopolo M. , Tagliaferri V. , Vesco S. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTBottles and other packaging account for approximately 70% of the global market of biopolymers, which include both biodegradable and durable materials. Durable materials account for the vast majority of the market, especially the bottles. Degradable polymers are instead refrained by the often‐insufficient mechanical and thermal properties, which limit their usage to single‐use packaging items at ambient temperature and in dry conditions. In this respect, the present work deals with the development and manufacturing of innovative and custom‐built Poly Lactic Acids (PLAs) for injection and compression molding, which are designed to be compostable, suitable for food contact and characterized by a good compromise of mechanical properties and thermal stability. A commercial grade PLA was, therefore, compounded in a twin‐screw co‐rotating extruder by the addition of maleated and glycidyl methacrylate PLAs as chain extenders and micro‐lamellar talc as mineral filler and nucleation promoter. Compatibilization between PLA, chain extenders and mineral filler was, therefore, investigated. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to evaluate the material structure and thermal response of the pellets after reactive compounding extrusion. The experimental findings show that material structure and, especially, crystallization of the PLA can be controlled by fine‐tuning the compound formulation as well as by setting of the operational parameters. In addition, achievement of the appropriate crystallization degree in the polymer is found to lead to composite materials, which can boast very good thermal stability. Accordingly, the custom‐built PLA formulations feature the potential to expand significantly the fields of application of non‐durable polymers, thus posing a valid alternative to both durable biopolymers and conventional plastics in injection and compression molding process. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44504.
A Surfactant‐Encapsulating Polyoxometalate Nanowire Assembly as a New Carrier for Nanoscale Noble‐Metal Catalysts
Authors: Zhou Wen‐Zhe , Feng Xiao‐Jia , Tan Hua‐Qiao , Shi Hong‐Fei , Wang Yong‐Hui , Gao Shan , Li Yang‐Guang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe loading of noble‐metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) onto various carriers to obtain stable and highly efficient catalysts is currently an important strategy in the development of noble metal (NM)‐based catalytic reactions and their applications. We herein report a nanowire supramolecular assembly constructed from the surfactant‐encapsulating polyoxometalates (SEPs) CTAB‐PW12, which can act as new carriers for NMNPs. In this case, the Ag NPs are loaded onto the SEP nanowire assembly with a narrow size distribution from 5 to 20 nm in diameter; the average size is approximately 10 nm. The Ag NPs on the nanowire assemblies are well stabilized and the over agglomeration of Ag NPs is avoided owing to the existence of well‐arranged polyoxometalate (POM) units in the SEP assembly and the hydrophobic surfactant on the surface of the nanowire assembly. Furthermore, the loading amount of the Ag NPs can be adjusted by controlling the concentration of the AgNO3 aqueous solution. The resultant Ag/CTAB‐PW12 composite materials exhibit high activity and good stability for the catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) with NaBH4 in isopropanol/H2O solution. The NMNPs‐loaded SEP nanoassembly may represent a new composite catalyst system for application in NM‐based catalysis.
Zustandsuntersuchung und Instandsetzung am Hauptdach des Hauses der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin
Authors: Hornig Ute , Rudolph Matthias 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDas Hauptdach eines wegen seiner Historie und auffälligen Baukonstruktion bekannten Bauwerks – des Hauses der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin – war hinsichtlich seines Zustands zu begutachten und in Bezug auf die Dauerhaftigkeit der vorhandenen Flüssigkunststoffabdichtung zu bewerten. Die Dachkon struktion besteht aus einem zweiachsig gekrümmten Flächentragwerk mit umlaufendem Randbalken aus vorgespanntem Leichtbeton. Sie ist das Ergebnis des Wiederaufbaus von 1984 bis 1987 nach einem Teileinsturz der damaligen Berliner Kongresshalle im Jahr 1980. Die sehr dünne Dachschale besteht ebenfalls aus Leichtbeton und besitzt, wie der Randbalken auch, zum Schutz vor Feuchtezutritt eine eigens für diesen Zweck entwickelte Spritzabdichtung auf Polyurethanbasis. Die Auswahl der zum damaligen Zeitpunkt neuartigen Abdichtung sollte der Tatsache Rechnung tragen, dass die Bauweise des Daches zwingend einen Feuchtigkeitsschutz erfordert, der die erwarteten Formänderungen und Rissbewegungen des Daches schadlos kompensieren muss. Der folgende Beitrag berichtet über Art, Umfang und wesentliche Ergebnisse der Zustands untersuchungen an der Dachabdichtung, den Randbalken und den Widerlagern. Im Weiteren werden die aus den Unter suchungen resultierenden Instandsetzungsempfehlungen, die zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt Grundlage der Bauausführung sind, beschrieben. Neben der Darstellung der technischen Grundlagen und Besonderheiten des Bauwerks, die bei der Instandsetzung berücksichtigt werden müssen, wird auf Besonderheiten der Ausführung eingegangen.
Wirklichkeitsnahe Brandeinwirkungen für die Planung und Nachrechnung von Tunnelschalen
Authors: Burghard Stefan , Fischer Oliver 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDie verfügbaren numerischen Systeme zur Abbildung von Strömungsprozessen haben mittlerweile einen Entwicklungsstand erreicht, der es erlaubt, auch komplexe Vorgänge, wie z.B. Tunnelbrände, mit einigermaßen vertretbarem Rechenaufwand bereits sehr realistisch abzubilden. Damit besteht einerseits die Möglichkeit, die für den allgemeinen Fall entwickelten Temperatur‐Zeit‐Verläufe der Regelwerke unter tunnelspezifischen individuellen Randbedingungen kritisch zu hinterfragen. Andererseits lassen sich die im Brandfall zu erwartende Temperatur‐ und Rauchentwicklung sowie die Beanspruchung und Schädigung der Tunnelschale ohne die Erfordernis aufwendiger Großbrandversuche relativ wirklichkeitsnah beurteilen. Neben den bei Gewölbetunneln allgemein bestehenden Möglichkeiten einer nichtlinearen Berechnung (Nutzung von Umlagerungsmöglichkeiten) [1] bietet die simulationsgestützte Ermittlung von Brandeinwirkungen insbesondere bei der Nachrechnung bestehender Tunnel in vielen Fällen ein großes Potenzial – vor allem dann, wenn die Berechnung mit Regelbrandkurven umfangreiche Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen nach sich ziehen würde, obwohl aufgrund der vorliegenden Randbedingungen deutlich geringere Bauteiltemperaturen zu erwarten sind. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden zunächst Brandereignisse in Tunneln und wesentliche Grundlagen der Herleitung von Temperatur‐Zeit‐Verläufen für die heiße Bemessung von Tunnelschalen diskutiert. Es werden dann die Möglichkeiten, Hintergründe und Grenzen einer Simulation von Brandszenarien mit numerischen CFD‐Modellen erläutert und schließlich über Parameterstudien aufgezeigt, welchen Einfluss die projektspezifischen Randbedingungen (insbesondere die Größe des Tunnelquerschnitts) auf die sich einstellenden Oberflächentemperaturen besitzen können.
Systematic review of active surveillance versus surgical management of asymptomatic small non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Partelli S , Cirocchi R , Crippa S , Cardinali L , Fendrich V , Bartsch D K , Falconi M 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
The incidence of asymptomatic, sporadic, small non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NF-PNENs) has increased in recent decades. Conservative treatment has been advocated for these tumours. The aim of this study was systematically to evaluate the literature on active surveillance and to compare this with surgical management for asymptomatic sporadic small NF-PNENs.

Methods
PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically for studies that compared the active surveillance of asymptomatic, sporadic, small NF-PNENs with surgical management. PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed.

Results
After screening 3915 records, five retrospective studies with a total of 540 patients were included. Of these, 327 patients (60·6 per cent) underwent active surveillance and 213 (39·4 per cent) had surgery. There was wide variation in the tumour diameter threshold considered as inclusion criterion (2 cm to any size). The median length of follow-up ranged from 28 to 45 months. Measurable tumour growth was observed in 0–51·0 per cent of patients. Overall, 46 patients (14·1 per cent) underwent pancreatic resection after initial conservative treatment. In most patients the reason was an increase in tumour size (19 of 46). There were no disease-related deaths in the active surveillance group in any of the studies.

Conclusion
This systematic review suggests that active surveillance of patients affected by sporadic, small, asymptomatic NF-PNENs may be a good alternative to surgical treatment.
A parsimonious model for locomotor in virtual agents based on dynamical coupling with the environment
Authors: Zaldivar Pino Angel , Gonzalez Bedia Manuel , Seron Arbeloa Francisco José 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the domain of virtual agents modeling, computationalist approaches tend to predominate. The lack of plausibility of the rules in nature provides models with a low capacity to generalize and a very limited insight into behavioral phenomena. An alternative view is that behavior could emerge as a whole from the basic principles of non‐linear dynamics that underlie such behavior in the environment. This paper presents a dynamic agent endowed with a sensing device, a controller and actuators to interact with the environment. The control architecture is based on ordinary differential equations with the function of modulating the stimulus signals to action signals under a sensory‐motor flow. The parameter values are defined in an evolutionary process depending on the task to be performed. A series of experiments are presented to illustrate certain qualities of our model such as the adaptability to change, a highly intuitive and flexible design methodology, and a high degree of individual autonomy, among others. We think this kind of modeling is useful in the animation world for modeling flocks, crowds, and swarms as a valid alternative to other less parsimonious techniques.
Site‐Specific Immobilization of the Peptidoglycan Synthase PBP1B on a Surface Plasmon Resonance Chip Surface
Authors: van't Veer Inge L. , Leloup Nadia O. L. , Egan Alexander J. F. , Janssen Bert J. C. , Martin Nathaniel I. , Vollmer Waldemar , Breukink Eefjan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSurface plasmon resonance (SPR) is one of the most powerful label‐free methods to determine the kinetic parameters of molecular interactions in real time and in a highly sensitive way. Penicillin‐binding proteins (PBPs) are peptidoglycan synthesis enzymes present in most bacteria. Established protocols to analyze interactions of PBPs by SPR involve immobilization to an ampicillin‐coated chip surface (a β‐lactam antibiotic mimicking its substrate), thereby forming a covalent complex with the PBPs transpeptidase (TP) active site. However, PBP interactions measured with a substrate‐bound TP domain potentially affect interactions near the TPase active site. Furthermore, in vivo PBPs are anchored in the inner membrane by an N‐terminal transmembrane helix, and hence immobilization at the C‐terminal TPase domain gives an orientation contrary to the in vivo situation. We designed a new procedure: immobilization of PBP by copper‐free click chemistry at an azide incorporated in the N terminus. In a proof‐of‐principle study, we immobilized Escherichia coli PBP1B on an SPR chip surface and used this for the analysis of the well‐characterized interaction of PBP1B with LpoB. The site‐specific incorporation of the azide affords control over protein orientation, thereby resulting in a homogeneous immobilization on the chip surface. This method can be used to study topology‐dependent interactions of any (membrane) protein.
Dating violence in teenage girls: parental emotion regulation and racial differences
Authors: Ahonen Lia , Loeber Rolf 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundTeen dating violence (TDV) is a common phenomenon of great public concern. TDV may lead to severe long‐term consequences for victims and offenders, and even more so for females than for males.AimThe aim of this paper is to investigate possible underlying factors for involvement in TDV either as a perpetrator or a victim. Social learning theory is commonly used to explain internalisation of parents' behaviour on children's behavioural expressions, but less so on parents' emotion regulation as a direct link to later TDV.MethodWe used longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Girls Study (N = 2450) to investigate if and how parents' positive and negative emotion regulation is related to TDV, controlling for early aggression and race.ResultsResults show a moderately strong association between parents' negative emotion regulation and their daughters' involvement in serious dating violence. We also found that many more African American girls were involved in TDV compared to Caucasian girls, both as a perpetrator and victim.Conclusions and practical implicationsWe discuss directions for future research focusing on emotion regulation and dating violence. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk assessments for dating violence in mid to late adolescence and early adulthood
Authors: Tapp James , Moore Estelle 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThe objective of this paper is to review risk instruments that have been used in the assessment of the potential for violence within the dating relationships of young people.MethodA review of the dating violence literature was conducted to identify risk assessment approaches that have been used to predict harmful behaviour within the dating relationships of people aged between 15 and 30 years. Risk assessments were evaluated on recommended quality criteria: predictive validity, accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) and inter‐rater reliability.ResultsOnly five studies describing assessments that focused specifically on dating violence risk factors were selected for review. Three assessments encompassed dating behaviours by victims that have been associated with an increased risk of further victimisation.ConclusionsDrawing on this evidence, we conclude that young people appear to be at greater risk of encountering dating violence if they have experienced violence in earlier attachment relationships; if their skills for coping with conflict and responding to coercion are limited and if the presence of peer influences reinforces offence supportive attitudes. The reliability and validity of existing intimate partner violence risk assessments that conceptually overlap with elements of dating violence risk warrant investigation to inform risk assessment developments in this field and, building on this, possible interventions to minimise future harm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of child abuse, adolescent violence, peer approval and pro‐violence attitudes on intimate partner violence in adulthood
Authors: Herrenkohl Todd I. , Jung Hyunzee 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundChildren's exposure to violence increases their risk for later victimisation and perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, the relative influence of child abuse, adolescent violence, peer approval of violence and pro‐violence attitudes on later IPV is not well established.AimsAnalyses focus on the prediction of adult IPV from variables measured in childhood and adolescence to establish the unique influence of earlier victimisation and perpetration of violence, as well as other variables grounded in theory and empirical findings.MethodsData are from a longitudinal study that began in the 1970s with a sample of 457 preschool‐aged children who were reassessed as adults. Outcomes of adult IPV victimisation and perpetration types were regressed on predictors of parent‐reported child abuse, officially recorded child maltreatment, adolescent victimisation, violence perpetration, pro‐violence attitudes and peer approval of violence during adolescence, controlling for childhood Socio Economic Status (SES), age in adolescence and gender.ResultsDating violence victimisation and peer approval of dating violence in adolescence emerged as the unique predictors of IPV victimisation and perpetration in adulthood. Official child maltreatment predicted IPV perpetration.ConclusionsResults underscore the importance of prevention programmes and strategies to disrupt the cycle of violence at its early stages, as well as interventions during adolescence targeting peer influences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.