bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterning hypoxic multicellular spheroids in a 3D matrix – a promising method for anti‐tumor drug screening
Authors: Ma Jingyun , Zhang Xu , Liu Yang , Yu Haibo , Liu Lianqing , Shi Yang , Li Yanfeng , Qin Jianhua 
Published: December 2015

Abstract3D multicellular spheroid models are of great value in the investigation of tumor biology and tumor responses to chemotherapy and radiation. To establish a mimicking tumor microenvironment in vitro, we developed a straightforward method by patterning hypoxic multicellular spheroids in a 3D matrix. The efficacy of this approach was evaluated by characterizing spheroid formation, invasive capability and phenotypic transition in aggressive human glioma cells. We observed enhanced cell proliferation, spheroid formation and invasive capability in U87 glioma cells transfected with hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) compared with non‐treated cells. We also demonstrated that the overexpression of HIFs in hypoxic glioma cells may promote cell migration by epithelial‐mesenchymal transition within the 3D matrix. Compared with conventional 3D culturing techniques, the simple operation, rapid prototyping, low cost and high throughput format of the micro‐patterning method facilitates the characterization of cell proliferation, migration, phenotypic function and drug evaluation in physiologically relevant 3D microenvironments. This in vitro 3D system can recapitulate the physiologically relevant tumor microenvironment and is a promising method for 3D anti‐tumor drug screening and the identification of novel targets for tumor invasion and angiogenesis.
Emerging Infections
Authors: Dahlke Christine , Addo Marylyn 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNeu auftretende Infektionskrankheiten werden seit Jahrtausenden beschrieben. Eine alarmierende Entwicklung zeigte sich jedoch in den vergangenen Jahren, da ein gehäuftes Auftreten von Ausbrüchen mit neuen oder wieder auftretenden Erregern beobachtet wird. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet neben einigen geschichtlichen Meilensteinen neu auftretender Infektionskrankheiten verschiedene Faktoren, die ihr Auftreten begünstigen. Im Detail werden relevante Beispiele viraler Herkunft beschrieben und potenzielle Präventionsmaßnahmen gegen neue Ausbrüche diskutiert.
Fossilien am Kliff: Erdgeschichte im Spülsaum der Ostsee
Authors: Petrischak Hannes 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMächtige Gletscher, mehrere hundert Meter dick, bedeckten während der Eiszeiten weite Teile Norddeutschlands. Aus den gewaltigen Schuttmassen, die sie während der jüngsten Vereisung aus Skandinavien herantransportiert hatten, wurden nach dem Abschmelzen des Eises die hügeligen Landschaften entlang der südlichen Ostsee. An ihnen nagt heute das Meer – und fördert dabei unablässig Gesteine und Fossilien aus nahezu allen Erdzeitaltern zutage.
Wie die Langhalssaurier zu ihren Hälsen kamen
Authors: Tetsch Larissa 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDie Halslänge ist im Tierreich oft unmittelbar an den evolutiven Erfolg gekoppelt, so zum Beispiel bei den Langhalssauriern [1]. Die phänotypische Variation hängt vom Expressionsmuster bestimmter Entwicklungsgene ab. Der Vergleich dieser Muster in der Halswirbelsäule von rezenten Archosauriern (Krokodil, Huhn) in Kombination mit morphologischen Merkmalen erlaubt Rückschlüsse auf die Aktivität der Entwicklungsgene im ausgestorbenen Archosaurier Plateosaurus.
Die Schimmelpilze – Minifabriken und Lebensretter
Authors: Tetsch Larissa 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSchimmelpilze leben als Saprobionten im Boden, wo sie biologisches Material abbauen. Für den Menschen sind sie in der Lebensmittelherstellung und durch die Produktion von Enzymen und Sekundärmetaboliten von unschätzbarem Nutzen. Ihr “Premiumprodukt” ist das Antibiotikum Penicillin, das unzählige Menschenleben gerettet und die moderne Medizin revolutioniert hat.
Interactive light source position estimation for augmented reality with an RGB‐D camera
Authors: Boom Bastiaan J. , Orts‐Escolano Sergio , Ning Xin X. , McDonagh Steven , Sandilands Peter , Fisher Robert B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe first hybrid CPU‐GPU based method for estimating a point light source position in a scene recorded by an RGB‐D camera is presented. The image and depth information from the Kinect is enough to estimate a light position in a scene, which allows for the rendering of synthetic objects into a scene that appears realistic enough for augmented reality purposes. This method does not require a light probe or other physical device. To make this method suitable for augmented reality, we developed a hybrid implementation that performs light estimation in under 1second. This is sufficient for most augmented reality scenarios because both the position of the light source and the position of the Kinect are typically fixed. The method is able to estimate the angle of the light source with an average error of 20°. By rendering synthetic objects into the recorded scene, we illustrate that this accuracy is good enough for the rendered objects to look realistic. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics and correlates of stealing in college students
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Odlaug Brian L. , Lust Katherine , Christenson Gary 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundStealing is a fairly common behaviour among young adults. Understanding the potential associations and characteristics of individuals who steal may help educational institutions, health services and young people themselves resolve difficulties before the behaviour impacts on their academic performance and health.AimsWe aim to test the hypothesis that desires to steal among students would be associated with worse academic achievements and higher rates of mood and impulse control disorders.MethodsOne thousand eight hundred and five students completed the College Student Computer User Survey online and were included in this analysis at a large Midwestern United States University. Responders were grouped according to self‐reported stealing urges and behaviours and were compared on measures of psychosocial function, mental health disorders and impulsivity.ResultsUrges to steal were associated with worse depressive symptoms, higher levels of perceived stress and a number of psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder and multiple disorders of impulse control (kleptomania, compulsive sexual behaviour, skin picking, trichotillomania and compulsive buying).Conclusions and implications for practice and/or future researchThese following data indicate that stealing for many college students may be considered within a spectrum of impulsive behaviours.

Illegal behaviours among students point to mental health difficulties among them.
Our findings may provide clinicians, researchers and health professionals with a clearer picture of a range of impulsive behaviours among college students and promote treatment for this group.
Our findings could also inform preventative approaches to impulsive problems in young adults. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of gender on the outcome of forensic psychiatric assessment in Sweden: A case vignette study
Authors: Sygel Kristina , Sturup Joakim , Fors Uno , Edberg Hanna , Gavazzeni Joakim , Howner Katarina , Persson Mats , Kristiansson Marianne 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research suggests that female violent offenders at risk of a prison sentence are more likely than their male counterparts to be assessed as having mental health problems of a nature or degree that would lead to a court requirement for hospital treatment.Aims/hypothesesTo test the hypothesis that there is bias towards hospital disposal of female compared with male violent offenders with mental disorder.MethodsIn Sweden, the National Board of Forensic Medicine oversees all assessments of mental disorder for the criminal courts. Twenty‐six Board appointed forensic psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers each independently assessed six case vignettes for fit with criteria for ‘severe mental disorder’, a prerequisite for hospital disposal from court. Each gender neutral vignette described a person who had been convicted of serious assault and had a major mental disorder. A gender was then assigned to each offender randomly within a block design, thus varying between sets. Participants were blind to the main aim of the study and the gender variation.ResultsThere was no significant association between gender of the person assessed and judgement that s/he had a ‘severe mental disorder’. An offender depicted as having mental retardation was more likely to be assessed as at high risk of criminal recidivism if portrayed as female, regardless of the sex, place of work or level of experience of the assessor.ConclusionWe found no evidence of gender bias in determining appropriateness of a hospital disposal of an offender with mental disorder. The difference in assessment of recidivism according to sex of the patient was only in relation to mental retardation; further research would be needed to able to interpret this. As researchers in other countries have reported gender bias in disposals from court, our findings may provide support for a centralised forensic psychiatric assessment board and formal, on‐going training. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypertrichosis cubiti, a case report and literature review
Authors: Tng Vivian E.T. , de Zwaan Sally 
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical MessageHypertrichosis cubiti is an uncommon congenital hypertrichosis with links to genetic syndromes, both autosomal dominant and recessive, with variable penetrance and expressivity. It may also present in sporadic cases with no phenotypic abnormalities or family history.
Aqueous Sulfate Separation by Sequestration of [(SO4)2(H2O)4]4− Clusters within Highly Insoluble Imine‐Linked Bis‐Guanidinium Crystals
Authors: Custelcean Radu , Williams Neil J. , Seipp Charles A. , Ivanov Alexander S. , Bryantsev Vyacheslav S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSelective crystallization of sulfate with a simple bis‐guanidinium ligand, self‐assembled in situ from terephthalaldehyde and aminoguanidinium chloride, was employed as an effective way to separate the highly hydrophilic sulfate anion from aqueous solutions. The resulting bis‐iminoguanidinium sulfate salt has exceptionally low aqueous solubility (Ksp=2.4×10−10), comparable to that of BaSO4. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis showed the sulfate anions are sequestered as [(SO4)2(H2O)4]4− clusters within the crystals. Variable‐temperature solubility measurements indicated the sulfate crystallization is slightly endothermic (ΔHcryst=3.7 kJ mol−1), thus entropy driven. The real‐world utility of this crystallization‐based approach for sulfate separation was demonstrated by removing up to 99 % of sulfate from seawater in a single step.
Evaluation of the Enzymatic Reactive Distillation for the Production of Chiral Compounds
Authors: Wierschem Matthias , Boll Stefan , Lutze Philip , Górak Andrzej 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this work we investigated the feasibility of resolution and production of chiral compounds in an enzymatic reactive distillation column. Here, the transesterification of racemic 1‐phenylethanol with isopropenyl acetate was chosen as the model system. Enzyme kinetics with the enzymatic catalyst Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on polymer beads were investigated experimentally. Based on those, a detailed model of enzymatic reactive distillation was developed and a subsequent model‐based process analysis showed the achievement of high conversion rates and a full separation of the reaction products.
Cultivation of freshwater green alga Neochloris oleoabundans in non‐sterile media co‐inoculated with protozoa
Authors: Peng Licheng , Lan Christopher Q. , Zhang Zisheng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe effects of sodium bicarbonate on freshwater green alga Neochloris oleoabundans were evaluated with respect to cell growth, cell morphology, and control of protozoa contamination under non‐sterile conditions co‐inoculated with protozoa pre‐cultures. While culture collapse occurred in the control and the cultures containing 40 mmol/L NaHCO3 due to protozoa contamination, the addition of 160 or 200 mmol/L NaHCO3 could completely inhibit the growth of microalgae‐preying protozoa and allow safe cultivation of N. oleoabundans for co‐incubation with protozoa in non‐sterile media. These results suggest that well‐formulated media containing appropriate amounts of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) may enable low‐cost cultivation of freshwater microalgae in non‐sterile open systems.
Small‐Molecule Stabilization of the 14‐3‐3/Gab2 Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) Interface
Authors: Bier David , Bartel Maria , Sies Katharina , Halbach Sebastian , Higuchi Yusuke , Haranosono Yu , Brummer Tilman , Kato Nobuo , Ottmann Christian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSmall‐molecule modulation of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is one of the most promising new areas in drug discovery. In the vast majority of cases only inhibition or disruption of PPIs is realized, whereas the complementary strategy of targeted stabilization of PPIs is clearly under‐represented. Here, we report the example of a semi‐synthetic natural product derivative—ISIR‐005—that stabilizes the cancer‐relevant interaction of the adaptor protein 14‐3‐3 and Gab2. The crystal structure of ISIR‐005 in complex with 14‐3‐3 and the binding motif of Gab2 comprising two phosphorylation sites (Gab2pS210pT391) showed how the stabilizing molecule binds to the rim‐of‐the‐interface of the protein complex. Only in the direct vicinity of 14‐3‐3/Gab2pT391 site is a pre‐formed pocket occupied by ISIR‐005; binding of the Gab2pS210 motif to 14‐3‐3 does not create an interface pocket suitable for the molecule. Accordingly, ISIR‐005 only stabilizes the binding of the Gab2pT391 but not the Gab2pS210 site. This study represents structural and biochemical proof of the druggability of the 14‐3‐3/Gab2 PPI interface with important implications for the development of PPI stabilizers.
A trait‐based framework for stream algal communities
Authors: Lange Katharina , Townsend Colin Richard , Matthaei Christoph David 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe use of trait‐based approaches to detect effects of land use and climate change on terrestrial plant and aquatic phytoplankton communities is increasing, but such a framework is still needed for benthic stream algae. Here we present a conceptual framework of morphological, physiological, behavioural and life‐history traits relating to resource acquisition and resistance to disturbance. We tested this approach by assessing the relationships between multiple anthropogenic stressors and algal traits at 43 stream sites. Our “natural experiment” was conducted along gradients of agricultural land‐use intensity (0–95% of the catchment in high‐producing pasture) and hydrological alteration (0–92% streamflow reduction resulting from water abstraction for irrigation) as well as related physicochemical variables (total nitrogen concentration and deposited fine sediment). Strategic choice of study sites meant that agricultural intensity and hydrological alteration were uncorrelated. We studied the relationships of seven traits (with 23 trait categories) to our environmental predictor variables using general linear models and an information‐theoretic model‐selection approach. Life form, nitrogen fixation and spore formation were key traits that showed the strongest relationships with environmental stressors. Overall, FI (farming intensity) exerted stronger effects on algal communities than hydrological alteration. The large‐bodied, non‐attached, filamentous algae that dominated under high farming intensities have limited dispersal abilities but may cope with unfavourable conditions through the formation of spores. Antagonistic interactions between FI and flow reduction were observed for some trait variables, whereas no interactions occurred for nitrogen concentration and fine sediment. Our conceptual framework was well supported by tests of ten specific hypotheses predicting effects of resource supply and disturbance on algal traits. Our study also shows that investigating a fairly comprehensive set of traits can help shed light on the drivers of algal community composition in situations where multiple stressors are operating. Further, to understand non‐linear and non‐additive effects of such drivers, communities need to be studied along multiple gradients of natural variation or anthropogenic stressors.
Tricyclic Quinazoline Alkaloids Conjugated to Ferrocene: Synthesis, Structure, and Redox Behavior of Ferrocenylmethylene‐Substituted 7H‐Deoxyvasicinones
Authors: Elmuradov Burkhon , Shakhidoyatov Khusnutdin , Dräger Gerald , Butenschön Holger 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe first organometallic derivatives of tricyclic quinazoline derivatives are prepared by condensation of the active C‐3 methylene group of 7H‐deoxyvasicinones with ferrocenecarbaldehyde. By following this route the conjugated parent alkaloid and derivatives with nitro, amino, as well as some alkanoylamino groups at C‐7 were attached at the ferrocene moiety, thereby significantly extending the π system. In addition, the parent compound was subjected to the reaction by treatment with ferrocene‐1,1′‐dicarbaldehyde, giving rise to the double condensation product, which is only the second case of a 1,1′‐disubstituted ferrocene derivative with two alkaloid substituents. A number of the compounds obtained were subjected to X‐ray crystallographic analyses. In all cases, the substituents adopt a coplanar conformation with the ferrocene cyclopentadienyl ligands. The influence of the substituents at C‐7 through the extended conjugated π system on the iron atom is reflected by results of cyclic voltammetric measurements as well as by DFT calculations.
Biomimetic Sensor for Dobutamine Employing Nano‐ TiO2/Nafion/Carbon Nanoparticles Modified Electrode
Authors: Shahrokhian Saeed , Ghalkhani Masoumeh , Kohansal Razieh , Mohammadi Rahim 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA novel voltammetric biosensor based on nano‐TiO2/nafion/carbon nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode (TiO2/N/CNP/GCE) was developed for the determination of dobutamine (DBA). Characterization of the surface morphology and property of TiO2/N/CNP layer was carried out by the scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the modified electrode was investigated by means of the cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. Effective experimental variables, such as the scan rate, pH of the supporting electrolyte, drop size of the casted modifier suspension and accumulation conditions of DBA on the surface of TiO2/N/CNP/GCE were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, a significant electrochemical improvement was observed toward the electro‐oxidation of DBA on the surface of TiO2/N/CNP/GCE compared to the bare GCE. Under the optimized conditions, a wide linear dynamic range (6 nM–1 µM) with a low detection limit of 2 nM for DBA was resulted. The prepared modified electrode shows high sensitivity, stability and good reproducibility in the determination of DBA concentrations. Satisfactory results were obtained for DBA analysis in the pharmaceutical and clinical preparations using TiO2/N/CNP/GCE.
Reproductive toxicity of binary and ternary mixture combinations of nickel, zinc, and lead to Ceriodaphnia dubia is best predicted with the independent action model
Authors: Nys Charlotte , Janssen Colin R. , Blust Ronny , Smolders Erik , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Metals occur as mixtures in the environment. Risk assessment procedures for metals currently lack a framework to incorporate chronic metal mixture toxicity. In the present study, the toxicity of binary and ternary mixture combinations of Ni, Zn, and Pb was investigated in 3 large-scale experiments using the standard chronic (7-d) Ceriodaphnia dubia reproductive toxicity test. These metals were selected because of anticipated differences in mode of action. The toxicity of the metals in most mixtures, expressed as either free metal ion activities or as dissolved metal concentrations, were antagonistic relative to the concentration addition model, whereas no significant (p &lt; 0.05) interactive effects were observed relative to the independent action model. The only exception was the binary Pb–Zn mixture, for which mixture effects were noninteractive based on the dissolved concentrations, but antagonistic based on free ion activities all relative to the independent action model. Overall, the independent action model fitted the observed toxicity better than the concentration addition model, which is consistent with the different modes of action of these metals. The concentration addition model mostly overestimated toxicity. Finally, the present study warns against extrapolation of the type of interactive effects between species, even when they are closely related. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1796–1805. © 2015 SETAC
Small Sample Kernel Association Tests for Human Genetic and Microbiome Association Studies
Authors: Chen Jun , Chen Wenan , Zhao Ni , Wu Michael C. , Schaid Daniel J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractKernel machine based association tests (KAT) have been increasingly used in testing the association between an outcome and a set of biological measurements due to its power to combine multiple weak signals of complex relationship with the outcome through the specification of a relevant kernel. Human genetic and microbiome association studies are two important applications of KAT. However, the classic KAT framework relies on large sample theory, and conservativeness has been observed for small sample studies, especially for microbiome association studies. The common approach for addressing the small sample problem relies on computationally intensive resampling methods. Here, we derive an exact test for KAT with continuous traits, which resolve the small sample conservatism of KAT without the need for resampling. The exact test has significantly improved power to detect association for microbiome studies. For binary traits, we propose a similar approximate test, and we show that the approximate test is very powerful for a wide range of kernels including common variant‐ and microbiome‐based kernels, and the approximate test controls the type I error well for these kernels. In contrast, the sequence kernel association tests have slightly inflated genomic inflation factors after small sample adjustment. Extensive simulations and application to a real microbiome association study are used to demonstrate the utility of our method.