bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative genomics of Mortierella elongata and its bacterial endosymbiont Mycoavidus cysteinexigens
Authors: Uehling J. , Gryganskyi A. , Hameed K. , Tschaplinski T. , Misztal P. K. , Wu S. , Desirò A. , Vande Pol N. , Du Z. , Zienkiewicz A. , Zienkiewicz K. , Morin E. , Tisserant E. , Splivallo R. , Hainaut M. , Henrissat B. , Ohm R. , Kuo A. , Yan J. , Lipzen A. , Nolan M. , LaButti K. , Barry K. , Goldstein A. H. , Labbé J. , Schadt C. , Tuskan G. , Grigoriev I. , Martin F. , Vilgalys R. , Bonito G. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryEndosymbiosis of bacteria by eukaryotes is a defining feature of cellular evolution. In addition to well‐known bacterial origins for mitochondria and chloroplasts, multiple origins of bacterial endosymbiosis are known within the cells of diverse animals, plants and fungi. Early‐diverging lineages of terrestrial fungi harbor endosymbiotic bacteria belonging to the Burkholderiaceae. We sequenced the metagenome of the soil‐inhabiting fungus Mortierella elongata and assembled the complete circular chromosome of its endosymbiont, Mycoavidus cysteinexigens, which we place within a lineage of endofungal symbionts that are sister clade to Burkholderia. The genome of M. elongata strain AG77 features a core set of primary metabolic pathways for degradation of simple carbohydrates and lipid biosynthesis, while the M. cysteinexigens (AG77) genome is reduced in size and function. Experiments using antibiotics to cure the endobacterium from the host demonstrate that the fungal host metabolism is highly modulated by presence/absence of M. cysteinexigens. Independent comparative phylogenomic analyses of fungal and bacterial genomes are consistent with an ancient origin for M. elongata – M. cysteinexigens symbiosis, most likely over 350 million years ago and concomitant with the terrestrialization of Earth and diversification of land fungi and plants.
Differential Recruitment of Brain Regions During Response Inhibition in Children Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol
Authors: Kodali Vikas N. , Jacobson Joseph L. , Lindinger Nadine M. , Dodge Neil C. , Molteno Christopher D. , Meintjes Ernesta M. , Jacobson Sandra W. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundResponse inhibition is a distinct aspect of executive function that is frequently impaired in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). We used a Go/NoGo (GNG) task in a functional MRI protocol to investigate differential activation of brain regions in the response inhibition network in children diagnosed with full or partial fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS/PFAS), compared with healthy controls.MethodsA rapid, event‐related task with 120 Go and 60 NoGo trials was used to study children aged 8 to 12 years—8 with FAS/PFAS, 17 controls. Letters were projected sequentially, with Go and NoGo trials randomly interspersed across the task. BOLD signal in the whole brain was contrasted for the correct NoGo minus correct Go trials between the FAS/PFAS and control groups.ResultsCompared to the FAS/PFAS group, controls showed greater activation of the inferior frontal and anterior cingulate network linked to response inhibition in typically developing children. By contrast, the FAS/PFAS group showed greater BOLD response in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and other middle prefrontal regions, suggesting compensation for inefficient function of pathways that normally mediate inhibitory processing. All group differences were significant after control for potential confounding variables. None of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on activation of the regions associated with response inhibition were attributable to the effects of this exposure on IQ.ConclusionsThis is the first FASD GNG study in which all participants in the exposed group met criteria for a diagnosis of full FAS or PFAS. Although FASD is frequently comorbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the pattern of brain activation seen in these disorders differs, suggesting that different neural pathways mediate response inhibition in FASD and that different interventions for FASD are, therefore, warranted.
Higher 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with greater odds of remission with anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐α medications among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Winter R. W. , Collins E. , Cao B. , Carrellas M. , Crowell A. M. , Korzenik J. R. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundVitamin D has been linked to disease activity among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Prior investigation has also suggested that vitamin D levels may affect duration of therapy with anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐α (anti‐TNF‐α) medications among patients with IBD.AimTo evaluate the relationship between vitamin D levels and odds of reaching remission while on an anti‐TNF‐α medication.MethodsA total of 521 IBD patients enrolled in the Brigham and Women's IBD Centre database were eligible for inclusion. Patients treated with anti‐TNF‐α therapy who had vitamin D levels drawn within 6 months prior or 2 weeks after initiation of anti‐TNF‐α medication and who had reported remission status at 3 months were included. A logistic regression model adjusting for age, gender, IBD diagnosis, anti‐TNF‐α medication (infliximab vs. adalimumab) and first or subsequent anti‐TNF‐α medication was used to identify the effect of vitamin D level on initial response to anti‐TNF‐α therapy.ResultsA total of 173 patients were included in the final analysis. On logistic regression, patients with normal vitamin D levels n = 122 at the time of anti‐TNF‐α medication initiation had a 2.64 increased odds of remission at 3 months compared to patients with low vitamin D levels n = 51 when controlling for age, gender, diagnosis, type of anti‐TNF‐α medication and first or subsequent anti‐TNF‐α medication (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.31–5.32, P = 0.0067).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that vitamin D levels may influence initial response to anti‐TNF‐α medication and that low vitamin D levels may pre‐dispose patients to decreased odds of remission.
Complications of percutaneous liver biopsy with Klatskin needles: a 36‐year single‐centre experience
Authors: Takyar V. , Etzion O. , Heller T. , Kleiner D. E. , Rotman Y. , Ghany M. G. , Fryzek N. , Williams V. H. , Rivera E. , Auh S. , Liang T. J. , Hoofnagle J. H. , Koh C. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundLiver biopsy is the gold standard in evaluating liver diseases but is susceptible to complications. Safety data on aspiration needle biopsies remain limited.AimTo evaluate the safety of percutaneous liver biopsy performed with Klatskin needle.MethodsClinical and biochemical data were retrospectively retrieved from sequential subjects who underwent liver biopsy with Klatskin needle from 1978 to 2015. Subjects with complications underwent thorough chart reviews for hospital course.ResultsOf 3357 biopsies performed, complications occurred in 135 (4%) biopsies with 33 (1%) resulting in major complications. Severe pain occurred in 78 (2.3%) subjects and bleeding occurred in 21 (0.6%) subjects. Biliary injury occurred in 8 (0.2%) biopsies. Three subjects died as a result of massive intraperitoneal bleeding. Compared to viral hepatitis, biopsies performed with certain diagnosis had significantly higher odds of major complications: NRH (OR: 17), DILI (OR: 20), GVHD (OR: 32) and HCC (OR: 34). Subjects with major complications had higher pre‐biopsy median AP (153 vs. 78 U/L, P < 0.001), ALT (105 vs. 64 U/L, P < 0.05), AST (62 vs. 47 U/L, P < 0.02), along with marginally lower total bilirubin (1.0 vs. 0.7 mg/dL, P < 0.01) and albumin (3.7 vs. 4.0 g/dL, P < 0.001). By multivariate backward logistic regression, platelets ≤100 K/μL and aPTT >35 were independent risk factors of post‐biopsy bleeding.ConclusionKlatskin needle liver biopsies are safe with rare procedural morbidity. Our data suggests certain acutely ill subjects and those with systemic illnesses may be at higher risk of major complications. Clinicians should weigh the risks and benefits of liver biopsy in these patients with other alternative approaches.
Retracted: EphB3‐targeted regulation of miR‐149 in the migration and invasion of human colonic carcinoma HCT116 and SW620 cells
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Liu Xiaozhu , Li Yinfeng , Wang Yan , Liang Huankun , Li Kangyan , Li Laiqing , Chen Cuicui , Sun Wenqiao , Ren Shoulei , Zhu Pengfei , Zhang Licheng 
Published: January 2017

microRNAs play key roles during various crucial cell processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Also, microRNAs have been shown to possess oncogenic and tumor‐suppressive functions in human cancers. Here, we describe the regulation and function of miR‐149 in colorectal cancer cell lines. miR‐149 expression patterns were detected in human colorectal cell lines and tissue samples, and then focused on its role in regulation of cell growth, migration, invasion, and its target gene identification. Furthermore, the function of the target gene of miR‐149 was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. miR‐149 expression was downregulated in human colorectal cancer HCT116 and SW620 cell lines compared to the normal colon epithelial NCM460 cell line using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction methods. Further studies indicated that introduction of miR‐149 was able to suppress cell migration and invasion. Then, EphB3 was identified as a direct target gene of miR‐149 in colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, experiments in vitro showed that knockdown expression of EphB3 could suppress cell proliferation and invasion, and ectopic expression of EphB3 restored the phenotypes of CRC cell lines transfected with miR149. In addition, silencing of EphB3 significantly affected cycle progression distribution and increased apoptosis in CRC cell lines. Finally, in vivo results demonstrated that knockdown of EphB3 by siRNA inhibited tumor growth. In conclusion,the important role of miR‐149 in colorectal cancer progression suggesting that miR‐149 may serve as a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer treatment.
Variations in crestal cortical bone thickness at dental implant sites in different regions of the jawbone
Authors: Ko Yi‐Chun , Huang Heng‐Li , Shen Yen‐Wen , Cai Jyun‐Yi , Fuh Lih‐Jyh , Hsu Jui‐Ting 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundDental implants have become reliable and predictable tools for treating missing teeth. The survival rate of dental implants is markedly influenced by the host bone quality and quantity of the jawbone. A better host bone provides higher initial stability of the dental implant, resulting in better osseointegration and a higher success rate. Host bone quality and quantity are determined by the crestal cortical bone thickness and inner cancellous bone density.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the crestal cortical bone thickness at dental implant sites in different regions of the jawbone through the use of dental cone‐beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images.Materials and MethodsA total of 661 dental implant sites (81 in the anterior mandible, 122 in the anterior maxilla, 224 in the posterior mandible, and 234 in the posterior maxilla) were obtained from the jawbones of 173 humans. The data were subjected to statistical analysis to determine any correlation between crestal cortical bone thicknesses and jawbone regions using one‐way analysis of variance with Tukey's post‐test.ResultsThe crestal cortical bone thicknesses at dental implant sites in the four regions decreased in the following order: posterior mandible (1.07 ± 0.47 mm, mean ± SD) >anterior mandible (0.99 ± 0.36 mm) >anterior maxilla (0.82 ± 0.30 mm) >posterior maxilla (0.75 ± 0.35 mm).ConclusionThe dental CBCT data demonstrate that crestal cortical bone thickness varies markedly between dental implant sites in the four regions of the jawbone.
Sustainability and comanagement of subsistence hunting in an indigenous reserve in Guyana
Authors: Shaffer Christopher A. , Milstein Marissa S. , Yukuma Charakura , Marawanaru Elisha , Suse Phillip 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlthough hunting is a key component of subsistence strategies of many Amazonians, it is also one of the greatest threats to wildlife. Because indigenous reserves comprise over 20% of Amazonia, effective conservation often requires that conservation professionals work closely with indigenous groups to manage resource use. We used hunter‐generated harvesting data in spatially explicit biodemographic models to assess the sustainability of subsistence hunting of indigenous Waiwai in Guyana. We collected data through a hunter self‐monitoring program, systematic follows of hunters, and semistructured interviews. We used these data to predict future densities of 2 indicator species, spider monkeys (Ateles paniscus) and bearded sakis (Chiropotes sagulatus), under different scenarios of human population expansion and changing hunting technology. We used encounter rates from transect surveys and hunter catch‐per‐unit effort (CPUE) to validate model predictions. Paca (Cuniculus paca) (198 /year), Currosaw (Crax alector) (168), and spider monkey (117) were the most frequently harvested species. Predicted densities of spider monkeys were statistically indistinguishable from empirically derived transect data (Kolmogorov–SmirnovD= 0.67,p= 0.759) and CPUE (D= 0.32,p= 1.000), demonstrating the robustness of model predictions.AtelespaniscusandC. sagulatuswere predicted to be extirpated from <13% of the Waiwai reserve in 20 years, even under the most intensive hunting scenarios. Our results suggest Waiwai hunting is currently sustainable, primarily due to their low population density and use of bow and arrow. Continual monitoring is necessary, however, particularly if human population increases are accompanied by a switch to shotgun‐only hunting. We suggest that hunter self‐monitoring and biodemographic modeling can be used effectively in a comanagement approach in which indigenous parabiologists continuously provide hunting data that is then used to update model parameters and validate model predictions.
Exploring Collaborative Civic Leadership Among Young Tunisians: Inviting Despair, Creating Hope
Authors: Kincaid Sarah McLewin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article explores how civically engaged youth in Tunisia are approaching collaboration with noncivically engaged youth to promote greater levels of civic participation. This article is based on qualitative research conducted in Tunis, Tunisia during the summer of 2015 with 16 youth, all under the age of 35. This article will explore youth attitudes regarding civic engagement and barriers to participation in postauthoritarian Tunisia. This article also explores how civically engaged youth utilize informal social spaces such as coffee shops, universities, and social media sites to stir a sense of hope and pride in activism. This research provides a rich snapshot of civically and noncivically engaged youth who comprise 51% of Tunisia's population and led the 2011 revolution that burgeoned the so‐called Arab Spring in North Africa and the Middle East. These findings bring into question labels such as “politically inactive” and “potential ISIS fighters” that are employed in the dominant narrative on Tunisian youth. Finally, this research suggests that Tunisian youth wield powerful leadership skills that will continue to play a critical role in the transformation of civic and social norms.
Successful small intestinal resection and anastomosis in a late term broodmare with colic via a standing left flank laparotomy
Authors: Howes D. A. , Kerr T. A. , McQuillan R. , Kerr R. T. , Connell J. S. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryA late term broodmare presented with low‐grade intestinal colic. Clinical findings were consistent with a small intestinal lesion requiring surgical intervention. The risks of general anaesthesia to the fetus, combined with clinical findings in an otherwise quiet natured horse influenced the decision to choose an alternative standing left flank approach first. A small intestinal resection and anastomosis was performed successfully and the mare delivered a healthy foal without complications a month later. Standing colic surgery might be a preferred alternative to general anaesthesia in certain circumstances as discussed in this case report.
Coupled biochar amendment and limited irrigation strategies do not affect a degraded soil food web in a maize agroecosystem, compared to the native grassland
Authors: Pressler Yamina , Foster Erika J. , Moore John C. , Cotrufo M. Francesca 
Published: January 2017

AbstractClimate change is predicted to increase climate variability and frequency of extreme events such as drought, straining water resources in agricultural systems. Thus, limited irrigation strategies and soil amendments are being explored to conserve water in crop production. Biochar is the recalcitrant, carbon‐based coproduct of biomass pyrolysis during bioenergy production. When used as a soil amendment, biochar can increase soil water retention while enhancing soil properties and stimulating food webs. We investigated the effects of coupled biochar amendment and limited irrigation on belowground food web structure and function in an irrigated maize agroecosystem. We hypothesized that soil biota biomass and activity would decrease with limited irrigation and increase with biochar amendment and that biochar amendment would mitigate the impact of limited irrigation on the soil food web. One year after biochar addition, we extracted, identified, and estimated the biomass of taxonomic groups of soil biota (e.g., bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, and arthropods) from wood‐derived biochar‐amended (30 Mg ha−1) and nonamended soils under maize with limited (two‐thirds of full) and full irrigation. We modeled structural and functional properties of the soil food web. Neither biochar amendment nor limited irrigation had a significant effect on biomass of the soil biota groups. Modeled soil respiration and nitrogen mineralization fluxes were not different between treatments. A comparison of the structure and function of the agroecosystem soil food web and a nearby native grassland revealed that in this temperate system, the negative impact of long‐term conventional agricultural management outweighed the impact of limited irrigation. One year of biochar amendment did not mitigate nor further contribute to the negative effects of historical agricultural management.
Radio‐cephalic fistula recovered with drainage to forearm basilic vein
Authors: Norton de Matos António , Sousa Clemente Neves , Almeida Paulo , Teles Paulo , Loureiro Luís , Teixeira Gabriela , Rego Duarte , Teixeira Sérgio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDysfunction problems with vascular access are a concern to patients and dialysis units. The vascular surgeon should analyse such dysfunction and perform a careful assessment of the vascular network in order to find new fistula layouts. We introduce and discuss the case of creation of a radio‐cephalic fistula with outflow into the forearm basilic vein through rotation of the forearm basilic vein toward the cephalic vein in the forearm of an 88‐year‐old hemodialysis male patient. This technique enables extending fistula patency and improves cost efficiency.
An in vitro model yields ‘importin’ new insights into chronic traumatic encephalopathy: damaged astrocytes stop ‘thrombospondin’ to the injury
Authors: Jaber Sausan M. , Polster Brian M. 
Published: January 2017

Read the highlighted article ‘Defective synthesis and release of astrocytic thrombospondin‐1 mediates the neuronal TDP‐43 proteinopathy, resulting in defects in neuronal integrity associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy: in vitro studies’ on page 645.
Tamoxifen and its active metabolites inhibit dopamine transporter function independently of the estrogen receptors
Authors: Mikelman Sarah R. , Guptaroy Bipasha , Gnegy Margaret E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAs one of the primary mechanisms by which dopamine signaling is regulated, the dopamine transporter (DAT) is an attractive pharmacological target for the treatment of diseases based in dopaminergic dysfunction. In this work we demonstrate for the first time that the commonly prescribed breast cancer therapeutic tamoxifen and its major metabolites, 4‐hydroxytamoxifen and endoxifen, inhibit DAT function. Tamoxifen inhibits [3H]dopamine uptake into human DAT (hDAT)‐N2A cells via an uncompetitive or mixed mechanism. Endoxifen, an active metabolite of tamoxifen, asymmetrically inhibits DAT function in hDAT‐N2A cells, showing a preference for the inhibition of amphetamine‐stimulated dopamine efflux as compared to dopamine uptake. Importantly, we demonstrate that the effects of tamoxifen and its metabolites on the DAT occur independently of its activity as selective estrogen receptor modulators. This work suggests that tamoxifen is inhibiting DAT function through a previously unidentified mechanism.
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A Mean‐Preserving Increase in Ambiguity and Portfolio Choices
Authors: Huang Yi‐Chieh , Tzeng Larry Y. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article investigates under what conditions an increase in ambiguity reduces demand for an uncertain asset (or raises demand for coinsurance). We find that the comparative statics of ambiguity and of risks have structural similarities under the smooth ambiguity aversion model (Klibanoff, Marinacci, and Mukerji, ()). The determinant condition on ambiguity preferences is analogous to that on risk preferences. However, the comparative statics have fundamental differences under the ‐maxmin model (Ghirardato, Maccheroni, and Marinacci, ()). When relative risk aversion is less than 1, only an increase in ambiguity, which broadens support for an investor's belief in the probability of the return distribution in the manner of a strong increase in risk, can reduce demand for an uncertain asset.
EXPLORING CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS' COORDINATION OF EUROPEAN UNION AFFAIRS
Authors: JENSEN MADS DAGNIS 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study explores the coordination mechanisms managed by the central governments of the European Union (EU) in order to develop negotiation positions for their plenipotentiaries in the Council. Utilizing novel data from an expert survey, the first part examines the relationships within and between the structures and processes of EU coordination, the actors involved, and the mechanisms' efficacy. The analysis shows that highly formalized coordination mechanisms are associated with developing timely, clear and consistent negotiation positions. The second part allocates the 28 member states' EU coordination mechanisms into different clusters, including unicentric, pluricentric, decentric, proactive, reactive, politicized, depoliticized, high efficacy and low efficacy. Intriguing differences are identified, such as the fact that the Central and Eastern European member states' mechanisms are typically more reactive where coordination centres on the national capital and the Council negotiations.