bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered interhemispheric resting‐state functional connectivity in young male smokers
Authors: Yu Dahua , Yuan Kai , Bi Yanzhi , Luo Lin , Zhai Jinquan , Liu Bo , Li Yangding , Cheng Jiadong , Guan Yanyan , Xue Ting , Bu Limei , Su Shaoping , Ma Yao , Qin Wei , Tian Jie , Lu Xiaoqi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWith the help of advanced neuroimaging approaches, previous studies revealed structural and functional brain changes in smokers compared with healthy non‐smokers. Homotopic resting‐state functional connectivity between the corresponding regions in cerebral hemispheres may help us to deduce the changes of functional coordination in the whole brain of young male smokers. Functional homotopy reflects an essential aspect of brain function and communication between the left and right cerebral hemispheres, which is important for the integrity of brain function. However, few studies used voxel mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) method to investigate the changes of homotopic connectivity in young male smokers. Twenty‐seven young male smokers and 27 matched healthy male non‐smokers were recruited in our study. Compared with healthy male non‐smokers, young male smokers showed decreased VMHC values in the insula and putamen, and increased VMHC values in the prefrontal cortex. Correlation analysis demonstrated that there were significant positive correlations between the average VMHC values of the prefrontal cortex and pack‐years in young male smokers. In addition, significant negative correlation was found between the average VMHC values in the insula and pack‐years. Our results revealed the disrupted homotopic resting‐state functional connectivity in young male smokers. The novel findings may extend our understanding of smoking.
Editorial: sorafenib toxicity, a biomarker of effect?
Authors: Clare K. E. , Miller M. H. , Dillon J. F. 
Published: May 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Howell et al and Sharma papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13977 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14067.
Editorial: anti‐tumour necrosis factor α antibodies – can efficacy be regained?
Authors: Bar‐Yoseph H. , Chowers Y. 
Published: May 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Strik et al and Strik, D'Heans papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13994 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14071.
Editorial: anti‐tumour necrosis factor α antibodies – can efficacy be regained? Authors' reply
Authors: Strik A. S. , D'Haens G. R. 
Published: May 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Strik et al and Bar‐Yoseph, Chowers papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13994 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14047.
Clinical Effects of a Pharmacist Intervention in Acute Wards – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nielsen Trine R. H. , Honoré Per H. , Rasmussen Mette , Andersen Stig E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to investigate the clinical effect of a clinical pharmacist (CP) intervention upon admission to hospital on inpatient harm and to assess a potential educational bias. Over 16 months, 593 adult patients taking ≥4 medications daily were included from three Danish acute medicine wards. Patients were randomized to either the CP intervention or the usual care (prospective control). To assess a potential educational bias, a retrospective control group was formed by randomization. The CP intervention comprised medication history, medication reconciliation, medication review and entry of proposed prescriptions into the electronic prescribing system. The primary outcome of inpatient harm was identified using triggers from the Institute of Healthcare Improvement Global Trigger Tool. Harms were validated and rated for severity by two independent and blinded outcome panels. Secondary end‐points were harms per patient, length of hospital stay, readmissions and 1‐year mortality. Harm affected 11% of the patients in the intervention group compared to 17% in the combined control group, odds ratio (OR) 0.57 (CI 0.32–1.02, p = 0.06). The incidence of harm was similar in the intervention and prospective control groups, OR 0.80 (CI 0.40–1.59, p = 0.52) but occurred less frequently in the intervention than in the retrospective control group OR 0.46 (CI 0.25–0.85, p = 0.01). An educational bias from the intervention to the control group might have contributed to this negative outcome. In conclusion, the CP intervention at admission to hospital had no statistically significant effect on inpatient harm.
Comparative genomic expression signatures of signal transduction pathways and targets in paediatric Burkitt lymphoma: a Children's Oncology Group report
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Day Nancy S. , Miles Rodney R. , Perkins Sherrie L. , Lim Megan S. , Ayello Janet , van de Ven Carmella , Harrison Lauren , El‐Mallawany Nader K. , Goldman Stanton , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBurkitt lymphoma (BL) is the most common histological subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in children and adolescents. Through the introduction of short intensive multi‐agent chemoimmunotherapy, survival has improved significantly over the past 30 years. However, this successful approach is limited by significant chemotherapy‐induced acute toxicity and risk of developing resistant disease, demonstrating the need to identify less toxic and targeted therapies. We analysed the comparative genomic signature and targetable signalling pathways in paediatric BL (PEBL) samples from the Children's Oncology Group study (ANHL01P1) by genomic profiling and selected genes were confirmed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. These results were compared to PEBL samples from public databases and utilised the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Series (GSE) 10172 and 4475 (n = 16), and 4732 (n = 15). Three hundred and seventy‐six genes (approximately 25%) were similarly expressed among three PEBL sample groups. Several target genes in Toll‐like receptor signalling, JAK‐STAT signalling and MAPK signalling were significantly overexpressed in PEBL. In addition, several tyrosine kinases, including Bruton tyrosine kinase, protein tyrosine phosphatase and histone deacetylase inhibitor were highly expressed in PEBL. These pre‐clinical results suggest that specific signal transduction pathways are overly expressed in PEBL and several pathways could serve as potential future therapeutic targets.
Peripheral inflammation affects modulation of nociceptive synaptic transmission in the spinal cord induced by N‐arachidonoylphosphatidylethanolamine
Authors: Nerandzic Vladimir , Mrozkova Petra , Adamek Pavel , Spicarova Diana , Nagy Istvan , Palecek Jiri 
Published: May 2017

Background and PurposeEndocannabinoids play an important role in modulating spinal nociceptive signalling, crucial for the development of pain. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor and the TRPV1 cation channel are both activated by the endocannabinoid anandamide, a product of biosynthesis from the endogenous lipid precursor N‐arachidonoylphosphatidylethanolamine (20:4‐NAPE). Here, we report CB1 receptor‐ and TRPV1‐mediated effects of 20:4‐NAPE on spinal synaptic transmission in control and inflammatory conditions.Experimental ApproachSpontaneous (sEPSCs) and dorsal root stimulation‐evoked (eEPSCs) excitatory postsynaptic currents from superficial dorsal horn neurons in rat spinal cord slices were assessed. Peripheral inflammation was induced by carrageenan. Anandamide concentration was assessed by mass spectrometry.Key ResultsApplication of 20:4‐NAPE increased anandamide concentration in vitro. 20:4‐NAPE (20 μM) decreased sEPSCs frequency and eEPSCs amplitude in control and inflammatory conditions. The inhibitory effect of 20:4‐NAPE was sensitive to CB1 receptor antagonist PF514273 (0.2 μM) in both conditions, but to the TRPV1 antagonist SB366791 (10 μM) only after inflammation. After inflammation, 20:4‐NAPE increased sEPSCs frequency in the presence of PF514273 and this increase was blocked by SB366791.Conclusions and ImplicationsWhile 20:4‐NAPE treatment inhibited the excitatory synaptic transmission in both naive and inflammatory conditions, peripheral inflammation altered the underlying mechanisms. Our data indicate that 20:4‐NAPE application induced mainly CB1 receptor‐mediated inhibitory effects in naive animals while TRPV1‐mediated mechanisms were also involved after inflammation. Increasing anandamide levels for analgesic purposes by applying substrate for its local synthesis may be more effective than systemic anandamide application or inhibition of its degradation.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc
New insights into antidiabetic drugs: Possible applications in cancer treatment
Authors: Shafiei‐Irannejad Vahid , Samadi Nasser , Salehi Roya , Yousefi Bahman , Zarghami Nosratollah 
Published: April 2017

Globally at 2014, it was estimated that there was 347 million people with diabetes in which 90 percent of them were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although the association between diabetes mellitus and cancer risk was found about 100 years ago, the issue is not still clear. Many studies especially cohort and case–control studies have suggested a higher risk of cancer in patients with diabetes mainly in those with type 2 diabetes. Insulin concentration is high in these patients, and due to its mitogenic effects, it may be a possible hypotheses for higher risk of cancer in diabetic patients. Therefore, antidiabetic drugs, which are involved in insulin secretion and sensitivity, may have beneficial effects in cancer treatment. Several groups of drugs with different mechanisms of action, mostly prescribed orally, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus including, insulin sensitizers (thiazolidinediones), insulin secretagogues (sulfonylureas), and biguanides. In this review, the possible effects of antidiabetic drugs (biguanides, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas) and some of their mechanisms for overcoming cancer will be discussed.
Fuelling the mechanisms of asthma: Increased fatty acid oxidation in inflammatory immune cells may represent a novel therapeutic target
Authors: Al‐Khami A. A. , Ghonim M. A. , Del Valle L. , Ibba S. V. , Zheng L. , Pyakurel K. , Okpechi S. C. , Garay J. , Wyczechowska D. , Sanchez‐Pino M. D. , Rodriguez P. C. , Boulares A. H. , Ochoa A. C. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundIncreasing evidence has shown the close link between energy metabolism and the differentiation, function, and longevity of immune cells. Chronic inflammatory conditions such as parasitic infections and cancer trigger a metabolic reprogramming from the preferential use of glucose to the up‐regulation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in myeloid cells, including macrophages and granulocytic and monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition where macrophages, eosinophils, and polymorphonuclear cells play an important role in its pathophysiology.ObjectiveWe tested whether FAO might play a role in the development of asthma‐like traits and whether the inhibition of this metabolic pathway could represent a novel therapeutic approach.MethodsOVA‐ and house dust mite (HDM)‐induced murine asthma models were used in this study.ResultsKey FAO enzymes were significantly increased in the bronchial epithelium and inflammatory immune cells infiltrating the respiratory epithelium of mice exposed to OVA or HDM. Pharmacologic inhibition of FAO significantly decreased allergen‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness, decreased the number of inflammatory cells, and reduced the production of cytokines and chemokines associated with asthma.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThese novel observations suggest that allergic airway inflammation increases FAO in inflammatory cells to support the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other factors important in the development of asthma. Inhibition of FAO by re‐purposing existing drugs approved for the treatment of heart disease may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of asthma.
Intrinsic Light Field Images
Authors: Garces Elena , Echevarria Jose I. , Zhang Wen , Wu Hongzhi , Zhou Kun , Gutierrez Diego 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present a method to automatically decompose a light field into its intrinsic shading and albedo components. Contrary to previous work targeted to two‐dimensional (2D) single images and videos, a light field is a 4D structure that captures non‐integrated incoming radiance over a discrete angular domain. This higher dimensionality of the problem renders previous state‐of‐the‐art algorithms impractical either due to their cost of processing a single 2D slice, or their inability to enforce proper coherence in additional dimensions. We propose a new decomposition algorithm that jointly optimizes the whole light field data for proper angular coherence. For efficiency, we extend Retinex theory, working on the gradient domain, where new albedo and occlusion terms are introduced. Results show that our method provides 4D intrinsic decompositions difficult to achieve with previous state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. We further provide a comprehensive analysis and comparisons with existing intrinsic image/video decomposition methods on light field images.
The rise of glyphosate and new opportunities for biosentinel early‐warning studies
Authors: Kissane Zoe , Shephard Jill M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGlyphosate has become the most commonly used herbicide worldwide and is reputedly environmentally benign, nontoxic, and safe for use near wildlife and humans. However, studies indicate its toxicity is underestimated and its persistence in the environment is greater than once thought. Its actions as a neurotoxin and endocrine disruptor indicate its potential to act in similar ways to persistent organic pollutants such as the organochlorines dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dioxin. Exposure to glyphosate and glyphosate‐based herbicides for both wildlife and people is likely to be chronic and at sublethal levels, with multiple and ongoing exposure events occurring in urban and agricultural landscapes. Despite this, there has been little research on the impact of glyphosate on wildlife populations, and existing studies appear in the agricultural, toxicology, and water‐chemistry literature that may have limited visibility among wildlife biologists. These studies clearly demonstrate a link between chronic exposure and neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, cell damage, and immune suppression. There is a strong case for the recognition of glyphosate as an emerging organic contaminant and substantial potential exists for collaborative research among ecologists, toxicologists, and chemists to quantify the impact of glyphosate on wildlife and to evaluate the role of biosentinel species in a preemptive move to mitigate downstream impacts on people. There is scope to develop a decision framework to aid the choice of species to biomonitor and analysis methods based on the target contaminant, spatial and temporal extent of contamination, and perceived risk. Birds in particular offer considerable potential in this role because they span agricultural and urban environments, coastal, inland, and wetland ecosystems where glyphosate residues are known to be present.
Decisional conflict between treatment options among end‐stage renal disease patients evaluated for kidney transplantation
Authors: McPherson Laura , Basu Mohua , Gander Jennifer , Pastan Stephen O. , Mohan Sumit , Wolf Michael S. , Chiles Mariana , Russell Allison , Lipford Kristie , Patzer Rachel E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlthough kidney transplantation provides a significant benefit over dialysis, many patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) are conflicted about their decision to undergo kidney transplant. We aimed to identify the prevalence and characteristics associated with decisional conflict between treatment options in ESRD patients presenting for transplant evaluation. Among a cross‐sectional sample of patients with ESRD (n=464) surveyed in 2014 and 2015, we assessed decisional conflict through a validated 10‐item questionnaire. Decisional conflict was dichotomized into no decisional conflict (score=0) and any decisional conflict (score>0). We investigated potential characteristics of patients with decisional conflict using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. The overall mean age was 50.6 years, with 62% male patients and 48% African American patients. Nearly half (48.5%) of patients had decisional conflict regarding treatment options. Characteristics significantly associated with decisional conflict in multivariable analysis included male sex, lower educational attainment, and less transplant knowledge. Understanding characteristics associated with decisional conflict in patients with ESRD could help identify patients who may benefit from targeted interventions to help patients make informed, value‐based, and supported decisions when deciding how to best treat their kidney disease.
Unusual dimerization of a BcCsp mutant leads to reduced conformational dynamics
Authors: Carvajal Alonso I. , Vallejos Gabriel , Komives Elizabeth A. , Castro‐Fernández Víctor , Leonardo Diego A. , Garratt Richard C. , Ramírez‐Sarmiento César A. , Babul Jorge 
Published: April 2017

Cold shock proteins (Csp) constitute a family of ubiquitous small proteins that act as RNA‐chaperones to avoid cold‐induced termination of translation. All members contain two subdomains composed of 2 and 3 β‐strands, respectively, which are connected by a hinge loop and fold into a β‐barrel. Bacillus caldolyticus Csp (BcCsp) is one of the most studied members of the family in terms of its folding, function, and structure. This protein has been described as a monomer in solution, although a recent crystal structure showed dimerization via domain swapping (DS). In contrast, other cold shock proteins of the same fold are known to dimerize in a nonswapped arrangement. Hypothesizing that reducing the size of the hinge loop may promote swapping as in several other DS proteins with different folds we deleted two residues from these region (BcCsp∆36‐37), leading to a protein in monomer–dimer equilibrium with similar folding stability to that of the wild‐type. Strikingly, the crystal structure of BcCsp∆36‐37 revealed a nonswapped dimer with its interface located at the nucleic acid‐binding surface, showing that the deletion led to structural consequences far from the perturbation site. Concomitantly, circular dichroism experiments on BcCsp∆36‐37 demonstrated that binding of the oligonucleotide hexathymidine disrupts the dimer. Additionally, HDXMS shows a protective effect on the protein structure upon dimerization, where the resulting interactions between ligand‐binding surfaces in the dimer reduced the extent of exchange throughout the whole protein. Our work provides evidence of the complex interplay between conformational dynamics, deletions, and oligomerization within the Csp protein family.DatabasesStructural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under accession number 5JX4.
Creep crack growth properties of P91 and P22 welded joints
Authors: Sedmak A. , Swei M. , Petrovski B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe ferritic P22 and bainitic‐martenstic P91 steel welded joints operating at elevated temperatures are highly vulnerable to premature failure, because microstructure gradients can lead to cracking in the heat‐affected zone, commonly referred to as type IV cracking. Creep crack growth tests have been performed using compact tension specimens made of P91 and P22 weld joints at temperatures of 600 and 550 °C, respectively. The creep crack growth characterization through empirical equation of C* was the main fracture parameter for relating behaviour of component's regions. Results have shown that, for a specific value of C* parameter, the weld metal and heat‐affected zone had similar crack growth rates, which were about two times faster than base metal rates, because of lower creep strength that leads to a conclusion that the creep cracks will most likely initiate in the heat‐affected zone region.
Alternative biomass strategies for bioenergy: implications for bird communities across the southeastern United States
Authors: Gottlieb Isabel G. W. , Fletcher Robert J. , Nuñez‐Regueiro Mauricio M. , Ober Holly , Smith Lora , Brosi Berry J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractConcerns over energy demands and climate change have led the United States to set ambitious targets for bioenergy production in the coming decades. The southeastern United States has had a recent increase in biomass woody pellet production and is projected to produce a large portion of the nation's cellulosic biofuels. We conducted a large‐scale, systematic comparison of potential impacts of two types of bioenergy feedstocks – corn (Zea mays) and pine (Pinus spp.) – on bird communities across the southeastern United States. In addition, we evaluated three biomass alternatives for woody biomass from pine plantations: thinning, residue harvest, and short‐rotation energy plantations (SREPs). We conducted transect counts for birds in eight different land uses across the region (85 sites), including corn fields, reference forest, and plantation forests, 2013–2015. We then used hierarchical occupancy models to test the effect of these biomass alternatives on 31 species. Across all species, birds had lower rates of occupancy in corn fields compared to pine stands. Thinning had positive effects on the average occupancy across species, while residue harvest and the potential conversion of conventional plantations to SREPs had negative effects. Cavity nesters and species with bark‐gleaning foraging strategies tended to show the strongest responses. These results highlight the potential negative effects of corn as an energy crop relative to the use of pine biomass. In addition, harvesting biomass via thinning was a bird‐friendly harvest method in comparison with other alternatives. While SREPs may negatively impact some bird species, previously reported yields emphasize that they may provide an order of magnitude greater yield per unit area than other alternatives considered, such that this land‐use practice may be an important alternative to minimize the bioenergy impacts across the landscape.
The deterioration in physical function of hemodialysis patients
Authors: Sutcliffe Brianna K. , Bennett Paul N. , Fraser Steve F. , Mohebbi Mohammadreza 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroduction:Physical function in people on hemodialysis deteriorates significantly, however quantification of the rate of deterioration has not been well established. The aim of this study was to examine the rate of deterioration in objective physical function among end‐stage kidney disease patients receiving hemodialysis.Methods:One hundred and ninety‐three participants (mean age 67.5 ±13.2 years, 60.6% males) receiving hemodialysis in Australia. Objective physical function was assessed via the 30‐second sit‐to‐stand and eight‐foot timed up‐and‐go at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks.Findings:We found a decrease in the mean number 30‐second sit‐to‐stands performed from 10.0 (IQR, 4.0 to 13.0); 95% CI (8.0, 11.0) to 8.0 (IQR, 0.0 to 11.0); 95% CI (5.5, 9.0) at 12 weeks to 7.0 (IQR, 0.0 to 11.0); 95% CI (5.5, 9.0) at 24 weeks and a significant overall decreased rate (RR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.85; P < 0.001). There was a decreased performance in the eight‐foot timed up‐and‐go time from 8.9 seconds (95% CI: 8.1 to 9.7) to 9.0 (95% CI: 8.1 to 9.7) after 12 weeks and further increasing to 9.7 (95% CI: 8.7 to 9.6) seconds after 24 weeks, and overall decreased rate (HR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.80; P = 0.001) between baseline and week 24.Discussion:Physical function significantly decreases on hemodialysis. Exercise programs to address this physical function decline should be included in hemodialysis treatment regimens.