bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of process parameters in fused deposition modelling on bonding degree and mechanical properties
Authors: Li Hongbin , Wang Taiyong , Sun Jian , Yu Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of these major parameters, including layer thickness, deposition velocity and infill rate, on product’s mechanical properties and explore the quantitative relationship between these key parameters and tensile strength of the part.

Design/methodology/approach
A VHX-1000 super-high magnification lens zoom three-dimensional (3D) microscope is utilized to observe the bonding degree between filaments. A temperature sensor is embedded into the platform to collect the temperature of the specimen under different parameters and the bilinear elastic-softening cohesive zone model is used to analyze the maximum stress that the part can withstand under different interface bonding states.

Findings
The tensile strength is closely related to interface bonding state, which is determined by heat transition. The experimental results indicate that layer thickness plays the predominant role in affecting bonding strength, followed by deposition velocity and the effect of infill rate is the weakest. The numerical analysis results of the tensile strength predict models show a good coincidence with experimental data under the elastic and elastic-softened interface states, which demonstrates that the tensile strength model can predict the tensile strength exactly and also reveals the work mechanism of these parameters on tensile strength quantitatively.

Originality/value
The paper establishes the quantitative relationship between main parameters including layer thickness, infill rate and deposition velocity and tensile strength for the first time. The numerically analyzed results of the tensile strength predict model show a good agreement with the experimental result, which demonstrates the effectiveness of this predict model. It also reveals the work mechanism of the parameters on tensile strength quantitatively for the first time.
Immunogenicity of recombinant measles vaccine expressing fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Sawada Akihito , Yunomae Kiyokazu , Nakayama Tetsuo 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory infections in infants. Effective vaccines are currently being sought, but no vaccine is thus far available. In our previous study, recombinant AIK‐C measles vaccine expressing the RSV fusion protein (MVAIK/RSV/F) was developed and protective immunity against RSV demonstrated in cotton rats. In the present study, the immunogenicity and protective effects were investigated in three cynomolgus monkeys immunized with MVAIK/RSV/F. Neutralizing test antibodies against RSV were detected and no infectious virus was recovered from the lungs of monkeys immunized with MVAIK/RSV/F after challenge. MVAIK/RSV/F has the potential to inhibit RSV infection.
Afghanistan: In Search for an Alternative Route to Stability
Authors: Shahed Kalam 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAfter the US invasion of Afghanistan, while there were some successes in fighting international terrorists in the region, Western attempts at state‐building in Afghanistan remain a dismal failure. After years of Western military involvement, the Taliban insurgency today shows no signs of operational decay or a possible defeat. This article argues that Western engagement in Afghanistan only prolongs civil strife and makes room for more radical elements such as the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (ISIL) to gain a robust foothold in Afghanistan. Domestic conflicts, with the past involvement of the former Soviet Union and the ongoing Western intervention, have bruised and traumatized Afghan society. What the country now needs is a different form of political process that makes peace and reconciliation a top priority. A transition to a peace process will face multiple hurdles, but given their military and economic sacrifices in Afghanistan, the US and its allies should not flinch, but rather face the challenges boldly.
A monetary plethora and what to do with it: the Bank of Portugal during the Second World War and the postwar period (1931–60)
Authors: Amaral Luciano 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUntil the Second World War the Bank of Portugal (BoP) was a long way from possessing the features normally associated with a central bank. It was still a commercial bank, albeit one that had acquired some central bank functions. The war period was decisive in removing this ambiguity. The change was caused mostly by an unusually large influx of international means of payment (gold and foreign exchange) as a consequence of Portugal's neutrality during the war. However, all of this happened during a very troubled period for the BoP, thanks to the collapse of the gold‐exchange standard. The BoP adapted quickly to the new environment of discretion, government interference, and nationalism, although in a relatively original way: it followed the trend but at the same time retained certain features of a central bank still committed to gold standard principles. The two essential objectives of the BoP were to keep the value of the Portuguese currency stable and to keep interest rates low in order to encourage economic growth. The bank was successful on both counts during the war and the postwar period using a series of non‐conventional instruments.
Resilience in Families in Transition: What Happens When a Parent Is Transgender?
Authors: Dierckx Myrte , Mortelmans Dimitri , Motmans Joz , T'Sjoen Guy 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo understand the experiences of both children and parents in families where one of the parent is transgender.BackgroundA focus on the family environment can be found in research concerning transgender youth, but this focus is lacking in research on transgender adults. To our knowledge, research so far has not shed light on the experiences of minor children who have witnessed the transition of their parent.MethodUsing the family resilience framework, which is a useful theoretical framework for analyzing family transitions, we conducted in‐depth qualitative interviews with 13 children and 15 parents (8 cisgender and 7 transgender) from 9 families.ResultsVarious protective family processes were distinguished in the achievement of adaptive functioning outcomes: family continuity, family communication, significant others' acceptance, and attributing meaning. Hence, the findings from this research clearly show that the gender transition of a parent in itself should not be problematized.ConclusionThrough good practices and protective processes within the family, the transition of a parent's gender can be accepted by children.ImplicationsThese findings have implications for families with a transgender parent as well as for anyone working with children and their transgender parents.
The Baboon Spider Atlas – using citizen science and the ‘fear factor’ to map baboon spider (Araneae: Theraphosidae) diversity and distributions in Southern Africa
Authors: Campbell Heather , Engelbrecht Ian 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Charismatic invertebrates are popular subjects for citizen science but it is harder to engage the public in research on animals that are perceived as dangerous. Many successful citizen science projects exist in North America and Europe, but with the increased use of new technologies and social media, there is a greater capacity to expand citizen science to less developed regions.

Baboon spiders are African members of the tarantula family. They are threatened by habitat loss and illegal harvesting for the pet trade, and conservation efforts are hampered by a lack of knowledge on their ecology.

Here, we describe the Baboon Spider Atlas, a project combining traditional research with citizen science to map the diversity and distributions of baboon spiders (Araneae: Theraphosidae) in Southern Africa. Our project embraces the ‘fear factor’ associated with spiders to obtain photographic records from the public.

The Baboon Spider Atlas has assembled the largest database of information on baboon spiders in Southern Africa and is providing novel insights into their biology. Distribution ranges have been extended and potential new species discovered. Preliminary results suggest that their distribution may be limited more by cold, wet climatic conditions than hot, dry conditions. Records for wandering adult females and immatures highlight a previously undocumented behaviour and challenges the notion that baboon spiders are sedentary animals. Ultimately, the project is generating the data needed for effective conservation and motivating further research that will provide a better understanding of baboon spider biology.
Identification of a novel compound targeting the nuclear export of influenza A virus nucleoprotein
Authors: Huang Feng , Chen Jingliang , Zhang Junsong , Tan Likai , Lu Gui , Luo Yongjie , Pan Ting , Liang Juanran , Li Qianwen , Luo Baohong , Zhang Hui , Lu Gen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough antiviral drugs are available for the treatment of influenza infection, it is an urgent requirement to develop new antiviral drugs regarding the emergence of drug‐resistant viruses. The nucleoprotein (NP) is conserved among all influenza A viruses (IAVs) and has no cellular equivalent. Therefore, NP is an ideal target for the development of new IAV inhibitors. In this study, we identified a novel anti‐influenza compound, ZBMD‐1, from a library of 20,000 compounds using cell‐based influenza A infection assays. We found that ZBMD‐1 inhibited the replication of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A virus strains in vitro, with an IC50 ranging from 0.41–1.14 μM. Furthermore, ZBMD‐1 inhibited the polymerase activity and specifically impaired the nuclear export of NP. Further investigation indicated that ZBMD‐1 binds to the nuclear export signal 3 (NES3) domain and the dimer interface of the NP pocket. ZBMD‐1 also protected mice that were challenged with lethal doses of A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1) virus, effectively relieving lung histopathology changes, as well as strongly inhibiting the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, without inducing toxicity effects in mice. These results suggest that ZBMD‐1 is a promising anti‐influenza compound which can be further investigated as a useful strategy against IAVs in the future.
Gingival crevicular fluid and its immune mediators in the proteomic era
Authors: Bostanci Nagihan , Belibasakis Georgios N. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe discovery of biomarkers for periodontal disease requires an in‐depth understanding of the molecular basis of the initiation and progression of the disease. The gingival crevicular fluid is a biological medium suitable for identifying and measuring such biomarkers because it can be easily and noninvasively sampled from the immediate vicinity of the affected tissues. An ever‐expanding pool of gingival crevicular fluid proteins associated with periodontal health or disease has been catalogued over the years, particularly with the recent implementation of proteomic technologies. ‘Proteomics’ refers to the large‐scale study of entire arrays of proteins expressed by a genome and present in a cell, tissue, biological fluid or organism. Hence, such technologies provide a broad qualitative and quantitative insight of the proteins present in gingival crevicular fluid. Pertinent studies have amassed on the information gathered to date on protein signatures in periodontal health and disease, and have confirmed the nature of the immunological host response. This review discusses the application of proteomic technologies in characterizing the molecular networks present in gingival crevicular fluid, their potential for discovery of biomarkers that are meaningful for clinical practice, and the associated technical challenges.
Efficacy and safety of a new human fibrinogen concentrate in patients with congenital fibrinogen deficiency: an interim analysis of a Phase III trial
Authors: Lissitchkov Toshko , Madan Bella , Djambas Khayat Claudia , Zozulya Nadezhda , Ross Cecil , Karimi Mehran , Kavakli Kaan , De Angulo Guillermo R. , Almomen Abdulkareem , Schwartz Bruce A. , Solomon Cristina , Knaub Sigurd , Peyvandi Flora 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDFibrinogen concentrate is the preferred choice for fibrinogen replacement in congenital fibrinogen deficiency. This study investigated hemostatic efficacy of a new plasma‐derived, double virus‐inactivated (using two dedicated virus inactivation/elimination steps) human fibrinogen concentrate for on‐demand treatment of bleeding episodes (BEs) and surgical prophylaxis.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn this planned interim analysis of a prospective, multinational Phase III study (NCT02267226), 13 patients with afibrinogenemia (≥12 years) received fibrinogen concentrate (FIBRYGA, Octapharma AG). Hemostatic efficacy was assessed by investigators and an independent data monitoring and endpoint adjudication committee (IDMEAC) using objective four‐point criteria and by thromboelastometry maximum clot firmness (MCF).RESULTSFibrinogen concentrate was used on‐demand to treat 23 BEs in 11 patients, with 21 (91.3%) requiring a single infusion only. Treatment success was 95.7% (90% confidence interval [CI], 0.81‐1.00; assessment missing for one BE) by investigators and 100% (90% CI, 0.88‐1.00) by IDMEAC. Mean MCF increased significantly from 0.0 to 6.5 mm (95% CI, 5.65‐7.40; p < 0.0001) at 1 hour postinfusion of a median (range) dose of 58.8 (33.9‐101.7) mg/kg per BE. Four patients received fibrinogen concentrate as surgical prophylaxis, with intraoperative and postoperative treatment success rated 100% (90% CI, 0.50‐1.00) by investigators and IDMEAC (median [range] dose per surgery 93.5 [34.1‐225.4] mg/kg). No additional hemostatic interventions were required. No deaths, thromboses, or seroconversions were reported.CONCLUSIONThese data showed that the new fibrinogen concentrate was efficacious for on‐demand treatment of acute bleeding and surgical prophylaxis in congenital afibrinogenemia patients.
Steady-State Calibration of a Diesel Engine in CFD Using a GPU-Based Chemistry Solver
Authors: Gao Jian , Grover Ronald O. , Gopalakrishnan Venkatesh , Diwakar Ramachandra , Elwasif Wael , Edwards K. Dean , Finney Charles E. A. , Whitesides Russell 
Published: November 2017

The prospect of analysis-driven pre-calibration of a modern diesel engine is extremely valuable in order to significantly reduce hardware investments and accelerate engine designs compliant with stricter EPA fuel economy regulations. Advanced modeling tools, such as CFD, are often used with the goal of streamlining significant portions of the calibration process. The success of the methodology largely relies on the accuracy of analytical predictions, especially engine-out emissions. However, the effectiveness of CFD simulation tools for in-cylinder engine combustion is often compromised by the complexity, accuracy, and computational overhead of detailed chemical kinetics necessary for combustion calculations. The standard approach has been to use skeletal kinetic mechanisms (∼50 species) which consume acceptable computational time but with degraded accuracy.
In this work, a comprehensive demonstration and validation of the analytical pre-calibration process is presented for a passenger car diesel engine using CFD simulations with CONVERGE™ and a GPU-based chemical kinetics solver (Zero-RK, developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) on high performance computing resources to enable the use of detailed kinetic mechanisms. Diesel engine combustion computations have been conducted over 600 operating points spanning in-vehicle speed-load map, using massively parallel ensemble simulation sets on the Titan supercomputer located at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility. The results with different mesh resolutions have been analyzed to compare differences in combustion and emissions (NOx, Carbon Monoxide CO, Unburned Hydrocarbons UHC, and Smoke) with actual engine measurements. The results show improved agreement in combustion and NOx predictions with a large n-heptane mechanism consisting of 144 species and 900 reactions with refined mesh resolution; however; agreement in CO, UHC and Smoke remain a challenge.
Short Report: Using complaints about communication in the emergency department in communication- skills teaching
Authors: Woodward-Kron Robyn , FitzDowse Andrew , Shahbal Ibtissam , Pryor Elizabeth 
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Communication is an ongoing cause of complaints in emergency departments (EDs). These complaints can be used to inform communication skills teaching. Junior doctors are an important part of the ED team, and targeting junior doctors’ communication skills, including raising awareness about why patients complain, can contribute to an improvement in quality and safety.Context: Two interns, a patient liaison officer and a communication researcher, developed an evidence-informed teaching module for junior doctors. The module aimed to raise awareness of why people complain about communication in the ED and to engage junior doctors in identifying strategies at the individual and system level to reduce patient complaints about communication. Complaints about doctors’ communication in the ED of a regional hospital over an 18-month period were collated and analysed thematically and the findings incorporated into the teaching module. Innovation: De-identified complaints were used as triggers for discussion about quality and safety, with junior doctors being asked to consider the case studies from the dual perspectives of the doctor and the patient involved, using a series of question prompts. Implications: Patient-complaint case studies from the hospital in which the teaching is implemented are a powerful way to engage junior doctors in communication quality and safety issues. Staff from quality and safety units can work collaboratively with educators to tailor this low-cost approach to different practice settings and health professional groups. The two-part module has been implemented in intern training and transition to practice for medical students.
Challenge and Yield of Enrolling Racially and Ethnically Diverse Patient Populations in Low Event Rate Clinical Trials
Authors: Sheffet Alice J. , Howard George , Sam Albert , Jamil Zafar , Weaver Fred , Chiu David , Voeks Jenifer H. , Howard Virginia J. , Hughes Susan E. , Flaxman Linda , Longbottom Mary E. , Brott Thomas G. 
Published: November 2017

Background and Purpose—
We report patient enrollment and retention by race and ethnicity in the CREST (Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stent Trial) and assess potential effect modification by race/ethnicity. In addition, we discuss the challenge of detecting differences in study outcomes when subgroups are small and the event rate is low.

Methods—
We compared 2502 patients by race, ethnicity, baseline characteristics, and primary outcome (any periprocedural stroke, death, or myocardial infarction and subsequent ipsilateral stroke up to 10 years).

Results—

Two hundred forty (9.7%) patients were minority by race (6.1%) or ethnicity (3.6%); 109 patients (4.4%) were black, 32 (1.3%) Asian, 2332 (93.4%) white, 11 (0.4%) other, and 18 (0.7%) unknown. Ninety (3.6%) were Hispanic, 2377 (95%) non-Hispanic, and 35 (1.4%) unknown. The rate of the primary end point for all patients was 10.9%±0.9% at 10 years and did not differ by race or ethnicity (
P
inter
>0.24).

Conclusions—
The proportion of minorities recruited to CREST was below their representation in the general population, and retention of minority patients was lower than for whites. Primary outcomes did not differ by race or ethnicity. However, in CREST (like other studies), the lack of evidence of a racial/ethnic difference in the treatment effect should be interpreted with caution because of low statistical power to detect such a difference.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00004732.
Indonesian Religion as a Hybrid Media Space: Social Dramas in a Contested Realm
Authors: Postill John , Epafras Leonard Chrysostomos 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe popularity of social media in Indonesia, along with the rise of political Islam, is changing the ways in which people engage with religious matters in the country. In this article, we deploy post-Bourdieuan field theory to explore Indonesia’s religious domain as a ‘hybrid media space’ – a social space mediated by old and new media agents interacting to produce viralized forms of public communication. We undertake this exploration through three viral controversies, or ‘social dramas’, triggered by a perceived breach of the religious space’s order. All three dramas involved political Islamists in contention with various political actors, namely the Muslim senator Fahira Fahmi, the West Sumatran atheist Alexander Aan, and the then governor of Jakarta, ‘Ahok’. These examples shed light on the current state of Indonesia’s religious space and its multiple mediations, as well as taking field theory into new communicative and religious terrain.
Bleeding during veno-venous ECMO cannot reliably be predicted by rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM™)
Authors: Hellmann Christina , Schmutz Axel , Kalbhenn Johannes 
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO) used for respiratory support is associated with clinical bleeding in at least one third of patients. Mechanisms promoting bleeding, like acquired von Willebrand syndrome, cannot be identified by routine coagulation tests. This study was performed to evaluate rotational Thrombelastography (ROTEM™) for specific results predicting bleeding events during vvECMO. Methods: Five hundred and thirty-four ROTEM™ analyses of 57 patients over 574 days have been evaluated. Patients were graded into three groups according to the severity of bleeding, following the Freiburg ECMO bleeding assessment. ROTEM™ results and basic as well as comprehensive laboratory coagulation tests have been compared among the three groups and overall between defined time points. Results: Fourteen patients (25 %) presented without bleeding, 22 patients (39 %) showed mild bleeding and 21 patients (36 %) became evident with relevant clinical bleeding. No bleeding shock and no fatal bleeding event occurred. No case of hyperfibrinolysis was observed. Neither a statistical difference for ECMO blood flow nor duration of therapy among the groups could be shown. The only significant difference was clotting time (CT) in the InTEM analysis, with a median (IQR) of 175 (37.5) seconds in Group 1, 190 (54.5) seconds in Group 2 and 204 (90) seconds in Group 3. When comparing overall ROTEM™ analyses between defined time points, continuous worsening of CT can be found in ExTEM, FibTEM and ApTEM. Reduced A10, A20 and congruently maximum clot firmness, especially, developed in ExTEM and ApTEM and with a minor characteristic in InTEM, but not in FibTEM. ROTEM™ and coagulation-parameter results before 19 clinical relevant bleeding episodes compared to all other results only showed differences in FibTEM. Conclusion: ROTEM™ as a functional viscoelastic analysis does not provide additional information to basic and comprehensive laboratory tests during vvECMO. Bleeding events cannot be predicted by the means of specific ROTEM™ results.