bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Microwave‐Assisted Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of 9‐Aryl‐5,9‐dihydropyrimido[4,5‐d][1,2,4]triazolo [1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐6,8(4H,7H)‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Farahi Mahnaz , Karami Bahador , Banaki Zohreh 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTitle compounds are synthesized by this new green and regioselective one‐pot reaction of triazoles, aromatic aldehydes, and barbituric acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of Donor Cyclopropanes: Efficient Routes to cis‐ and trans‐Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Dunn Jonathan , Dobbs Adrian P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe yield and diastereoselectivity of the SnCl4‐mediated reaction of cyclopropanes (III) with α‐ketoaldehydes (IV) depends on the reaction temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: [1,2,5]Selenadiazolo[3,4‐b]pyrazines: Synthesis from 3,4‐Diamino‐1,2,5‐selenadiazole and Generation of Persistent Radical Anions.
Authors: Rakitin Oleg A. , et al.  
Published: December 2015

AbstractNovel selenadiazolediamine (II) is prepared and used in the synthesis of selenadiazolopyrazines by Koerner—Hinsberg cyclocondensation with 1,2‐dicarbonyls.
ChemInform Abstract: Eight New Cycloartane Triterpenoids from Beesia calthifolia with Hepatoprotective Effects Against D‐Galactosamine Induced L02 Cell Damage.
Authors: Gan Li‐She , Zheng Dan‐Jun , Liu Qian , Zhou Jing , Zhang Min‐Zhe , Yao Wei , Shao Bai‐Hao , Mo Jian‐Xia , Zhou Chang‐Xin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEight new cycloartane triterpenoids are isolated from the ethanol extract of the rhizomes of Beesia calthifolia along with six known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Strongylophorines, New Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors, from the Marine Sponge Strongylophora strongilata Collected at Iriomote Island.
Authors: Lee Jong‐Soo , Abdjul Delfly B. , Yamazaki Hiroyuki , Takahashi Ohgi , Kirikoshi Ryota , Ukai Kazuyo , Namikoshi Michio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe new meroditerpene 26‐O‐ethylstrongylophorine‐14 (I) is isolated from the Okinawan marine sponge Strongylophora strongilata together with six known strongylophorines.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Synargentolide B.
Authors: Ramulu Udugu , Rajaram Singanaboina , Ramesh Dasari , Suresh Babu Katragadda 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn asymmetric synthesis of (I) is presented starting from (S)‐2‐hydroxypropanoate via Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons olefination, Sharpless dihydroxylation, zinc allylation, and ring‐closing metathesis.
ChemInform Abstract: New Phenolic Compounds from the Seeds of Nigella glandulifera and Their Inhibitory Activities Against Human Cancer Cells.
Authors: Sun Lu , Liu Yu‐Ming , Chen Bao‐Quan , Liu Qing‐Hua 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThree new phenolic compounds (I), (II), and (III) are isolated from the seeds of Nigella glandulifera together with a known compound.
ChemInform Abstract: New Antiinflammatory Norcembranoids from the Soft Coral Sinularia numerosa
Authors: Yin Chen‐Ting , Wen Zhi‐Hong , Lan Yu‐Hsuan , Chang Yu‐Chia , Wu Yang‐Chang , Sung Ping‐Jyun 
Published: December 2015

Abstractisolation and structure elucidation of two new norcembranoids, sinumerolide A (I) and its epimer, 7E‐sinumerolide A (II)
Neu entwickelte Materialien für energieeffizientes Kühlen. Die magnetische Kühlung auf dem Weg in erste Anwendungen
Authors: Scharf Florian , Zhang Lian , Seeler Fabian , Dötz Florian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDer Vakuumkompressor ist in der Kältetechnologie seit mehr als 100 Jahren das Maß aller Dinge. Die Entdeckung neuer Materialien mit sehr großem magnetokalorischem Effekt ermöglicht mittlerweile den Bau einer neuartigen Kältemaschine mit deutlich höherer Effizienz. Die momentan verfügbaren Prototypen sind in der Lage, neu entwickelte Materialien in Wärmetauschern mit spezieller Geometrie in einem Gesamtsystem zu testen. Essentiell ist die Entwicklung eines zuverlässigen, computergestützten Modells, das im Vergleich mit experimentellen Daten eine kontinuierliche Optimierung der gesamten Wärmepumpe ermöglicht.
Energy‐efficient scheduling algorithms for batch‐of‐tasks (BoT) applications on heterogeneous computing systems
Authors: Sajid Mohammad , Raza Zahid , Shahid Mohammad 
Published: December 2015

SummaryOne of the major design constraints of a heterogeneous computing system is optimal scheduling, that is, mapping of tasks on the processing nodes in order to optimize the QoS parameters. Because of the huge energy consumption by computing resources, negative environmental effects and reduced system reliability, energy has unavoidably been added as a new parameter to the list of QoS parameters. Energy optimization in scheduling strategies along with makespan makes it an even more challenging combinatorial optimization problem. This work proposes two energy‐aware scheduling algorithms G1 and G2 to schedule a batch‐of‐tasks, made of a collection of independent tasks, on heterogeneous processors in order to minimize the makespan and the energy consumption. The proposed algorithms schedule tasks based on weighted aggregation cost function to the appropriate processors followed by task migration phase designed to further minimize the makespan and the energy consumption. The study evaluates the performance of the proposed algorithms with some of the peers, that is, MinMin, MINSuff on account of makespan, energy consumption, flowtime, and utilization. An experimental study reveals that the proposed algorithm (G2) consistently performs better under various test conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychotherapeutic Intervention in the Demobilization Process: Addressing Combat‐related Mental Injuries with Narrative Exposure in a First and Second Dissemination Stage
Authors: Köbach Anke , Schaal Susanne , Hecker Tobias , Elbert Thomas 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundDepending on the exposure to traumatic stressors and combat, 20% to 50% of ex‐combatants present with trauma‐related disorders, and more than half of the members of armed groups have a proclivity to violence. Therefore, psychotherapeutic assistance should address both, trauma‐related suffering and the lowered threshold for aggressive behaviour.ObjectiveSupporting the demobilization process of ex‐combatants in the eastern DR‐Congo, we implemented a version of Narrative Exposure Therapy adapted for Forensic Offender Rehabilitation (FORNET).MethodIn two successive dissemination stages (DS), local counsellors conducted FORNET. In DS1, they were trained by clinical experts, and in DS2, the by then experienced counsellors trained and supervised a second group of local counsellors (DS2). The training consisted of a 3‐week workshop covering theoretical concepts and practical therapeutic skills. In DS1 and DS2, a total of 98 demobilizing combatants received an intervention; treatment‐as‐usual served as the control condition. Posttraumatic stress disorder, appetitive aggression, depression severity and drug dependence were assessed prior to the intervention and 6 and 12 months later; additionally, we assessed reintegration success.ResultsSix months post‐intervention, FORNET significantly reduced Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms but had less effect on the trait of appetitive aggression; moreover, beneficial effects were found for depression severity and drug dependence as well as for reintegration indices. Treatment gains were retained at 12 months.ConclusionsIndividuals without previous training in psychotherapy can learn to effectively apply the brief intervention FORNET and support the demobilization process in ongoing conflicts. The study suggests that it is possible to pass down psychotherapeutic techniques over generations of counsellors. © 2015 The Authors. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression and clinically relevant levels of drug dependence can effectively be reduced with a version of Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) adapted for Forensic Offender Rehabilitation (FORNET).
The intervention is effective in the context of ongoing conflict.
Individuals without previous training in psychotherapy can learn to effectively apply the brief intervention FORNET.
It is possible to pass down psychotherapeutic techniques like FORNET over generations of counsellors.
Psychotherapeutic interventions like FORNET may facilitate the transition to peace in war‐torn regions.
Can galectin‐3 be a useful marker for conventional papillary thyroid microcarcinoma?
Authors: Gweon Hye Mi , Kim Jeong‐Ah , Youk Ji Hyun , Hong Soon Won , Lim Beom Jin , Yoon Sun Och , Park Young Mi , Son Eun Ju 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundGalectin‐3 staining of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) samples is very useful for diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. As reported in several studies, galectin‐3 is associated with prognostic factor in papillary thyroid carcinoma, but its expression and prognostic role has not been evaluated in papillary microcarcinoma (PTMC). This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of galectin‐3 in preoperative ultrasonography (US)‐guided FNA cytology and to evaluate the association between galectin‐3 expression and prognostic factors of PTMC.MethodsBetween January 2011 and December 2012, 440 conventional PTMCs which had undergone US‐guided FNA with galectin‐3 analysis and underwent subsequent surgery were enrolled. Preoperative US features and clinicopathologic results including extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis were compared between galectin‐3 positive and galectin‐3 negative PTMC.ResultsOf the 440 PTMCs, 201 (45.7%) PTMCs had galectin‐3 positivity in preoperative FNA samples. There was no significant difference in US features between galectin‐3 positive and negative PTMC. Galectin‐3 expression had no significant association with prognostic factors such as extrathyroidal extension (44.8% vs. 44.8%, P = 0.999) and lymph node metastasis (25.9% vs. 26.8%, P = 0.914) in conventional PTMC.ConclusionPreoperative galectin‐3 analysis using FNA cytology may be not advisable in patients with conventional PTMC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:103–107. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Balancing Benefits and Risks of Immortal Data
Authors: Zarate Oscar A. , Brody Julia Green , Brown Phil , Ramirez‐Andreotta Monica D. , Perovich Laura , Matz Jacob 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn individual's health, genetic, or environmental‐exposure data, placed in an online repository, creates a valuable shared resource that can accelerate biomedical research and even open opportunities for crowd‐sourcing discoveries by members of the public. But these data become “immortalized” in ways that may create lasting risk as well as benefit. Once shared on the Internet, the data are difficult or impossible to redact, and identities may be revealed by a process called data linkage, in which online data sets are matched to each other. Reidentification (re‐ID), the process of associating an individual's name with data that were considered deidentified, poses risks such as insurance or employment discrimination, social stigma, and breach of the promises often made in informed‐consent documents. At the same time, re‐ID poses risks to researchers and indeed to the future of science, should re‐ID end up undermining the trust and participation of potential research participants.The ethical challenges of online data sharing are heightened as so‐called big data becomes an increasingly important research tool and driver of new research structures. Big data is shifting research to include large numbers of researchers and institutions as well as large numbers of participants providing diverse types of data, so the participants’ consent relationship is no longer with a person or even a research institution. In addition, consent is further transformed because big data analysis often begins with descriptive inquiry and generation of a hypothesis, and the research questions cannot be clearly defined at the outset and may be unforeseeable over the long term. In this article, we consider how expanded data sharing poses new challenges, illustrated by genomics and the transition to new models of consent. We draw on the experiences of participants in an open data platform—the Personal Genome Project—to allow study participants to contribute their voices to inform ethical consent practices and protocol reviews for big‐data research.
Disrupted rich club network in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and early‐onsetAlzheimer's disease
Authors: Daianu Madelaine , Mezher Adam , Mendez Mario F. , Jahanshad Neda , Jimenez Elvira E. , Thompson Paul M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn network analysis, the so‐called “rich club” describes the core areas of the brain that are more densely interconnected among themselves than expected by chance, and has been identified as a fundamental aspect of the human brain connectome. This is the first in‐depth diffusion imaging study to investigate the rich club along with other organizational changes in the brain's anatomical network in behavioral frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and a matched cohort with early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). Our study sheds light on how bvFTD and EOAD affect connectivity of white matter fiber pathways in the brain, revealing differences and commonalities in the connectome among the dementias. To analyze the breakdown in connectivity, we studied three groups: 20 bvFTD, 23 EOAD, and 37 healthy elderly controls. All participants were scanned with diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and based on whole‐brain probabilistic tractography and cortical parcellations, we analyzed the rich club of the brain's connectivity network. This revealed distinct patterns of disruption in both forms of dementia. In the connectome, we detected less disruption overall in EOAD than in bvFTD [false discovery rate (FDR) criticalPperm = 5.7 × 10−3, 10,000 permutations], with more involvement of richly interconnected areas of the brain (chi‐squaredP = 1.4 × 10−4)—predominantly posterior cognitive alterations. In bvFTD, we found a greater spread of disruption including the rich club (FDR criticalPperm = 6 × 10−4), but especially more peripheral alterations (chi‐squaredP = 6.5 × 10−3), particularly in medial frontal areas of the brain, in line with the known behavioral socioemotional deficits seen in these patients.Hum Brain Mapp 37:868–883, 2016. ©2015 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cromolyn Sodium: A Review
Authors: Shapiro Gail G. , König Peter 
Published: December 2015

Cromolyn is a white crystalline powder which is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Its therapeutic value lies in its functions as an inhaled or topically applied agent.Cromolyn has been approved in the United States for asthma therapy since 1973. It was marketed at that time as a drug to reduce the corticosteroid requirements of severe asthmatics. It clearly did not live up to that claim. Initial enthusiasm for cromolyn was replaced by disillusionment.In the last few years, investigators have taken another look at cromolyn and have a renewed interest in it. Cromolyn's mechanisms of action remain only partially understood. It appears to block allergic mediator release from certain mast cells. It may also decrease bronchial hyperreactivity.The frequency of drug toxicity at customary dosages is extremely low. Adverse effects tend to be mild, short‐lived and without sequelae.Currently, cromolyn is a first line therapy for mild to moderate asthma requiring chronic treatment. It is also of proven efficacy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
Fracture Repair in the Distal Radius in Postmenopausal Women: A Follow-Up 2 Years Postfracture Using HRpQCT
Authors: de Jong Joost JA , Heyer Frans L , Arts Jacobus JC , Poeze Martijn , Keszei András P , Willems Paul C , van Rietbergen Bert , Geusens Piet P , van den Bergh Joop PW 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Fracture healing is characterized by an intense increase in modeling and remodeling of bone, which allows removal of the cast after a stable distal radius fracture within 3 to 5 weeks. However, at that time, bone strength has not recovered yet. We studied the changes in bone mineral density (BMD), microarchitecture, and bone stiffness after a distal radius fracture during a 2-year follow-up in comparison to the contralateral side and the association between the 2-year stiffness and baseline BMD, microarchitecture, and early changes in these parameters. The fractured side of 14 postmenopausal women (mean age 64 ± 8 years) with a conservatively treated distal radius fracture was scanned by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) at 1 to 2, 3 to 4, 6 to 8, and 12 weeks and 2 years postfracture. The same region contralaterally was scanned as well at the 2-year visit. BMD, microarchitecture, and stiffness parameters were determined and the fracture side was compared with the contralateral side using a linear mixed-effect model. Spearman's correlation was used to correlate the 2-year bone stiffness with baseline BMD, microarchitecture, and early 3-month changes in these parameters. Two years postfracture, cortical and trabecular thickness and torsional and bending stiffness were significantly higher at the fractured side compared with the nonfractured side (21%, 55%, 31%, and 29%, respectively, p &lt; 0.05), whereas BMD was similar. Two-year torsional and bending stiffness correlated significantly with baseline BMD and cortical perimeter (|rho| ≥ 0.63, p &lt; 0.016) but not with early changes in bone parameters. Using HRpQCT, this study illustrates that fracture healing is not completed by the time the cast is removed. We showed that from 6 weeks to 2 years postfracture, large changes occur in BMD, microarchitecture, and biomechanical parameters at the fractured side, which were fully recovered after 2 years in comparison to the nonfractured contralateral side. Interestingly, higher 2-year torsional and bending stiffness were associated with lower BMD and higher cortical perimeter at baseline. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effects of CYP3A Modulators on the Pharmacokinetics of Naloxegol
Authors: Bui Khanh , Zhou Diansong , Sostek Mark , She Fahua , Al‐Huniti Nidal 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNaloxegol, a peripherally acting μ‐opioid receptor antagonist, was recently approved in the United States for the treatment of opioid‐induced constipation. This study evaluated the effects of CYP3A inhibition and induction on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of naloxegol. Separate open‐label, nonrandomized, fixed‐sequence, 3‐period, 3‐treatment, crossover studies of naloxegol (25 mg by mouth [PO]) in the absence or presence of the inhibitors ketoconazole (400 mg PO) and diltiazem extended release (240 mg PO), or the inducer rifampin (600 mg PO) were conducted in healthy volunteers. Area under the curve (AUC∞) for naloxegol was increased with coadministration of either ketoconazole (12.9‐fold) or diltiazem (3.4‐fold) and decreased by 89% with coadministration of rifampin compared with AUC∞ for naloxegol alone. Naloxegol was generally safe and well tolerated when given alone or coadministered with the respective CYP3A modulators; 1 subject discontinued because of elevations in liver enzymes attributed to rifampin. The exposure of naloxegol was affected substantially by ketoconazole, diltiazem, and rifampin, suggesting that it is a sensitive in vivo substrate of CYP3A4.
Triple helical structure of acid‐soluble collagen derived from Nile tilapia skin as affected by extraction temperature
Authors: Thuanthong Mantaka , Sirinupong Nualpun , Youravong Wirote 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDFish skin has become a new source of collagen. It is usually extracted at low temperature. Increasing the extraction temperature can increase the collagen yield. However, high temperature might cause degradation of the triple helical structure of collagen, which is related to its functional biomaterial. This work thus aimed to investigate the effect of extraction temperature on the extraction efficiency and characteristics of acid‐soluble collagen (ASC), particularly its triple helical structure.RESULTSASC was extracted at 5 ± 1, 15 ± 1 and 25 ± 1 °C for 0–24 h with 0.3 or 0.5 mol L−1 acetic acid. The results showed that extraction with 0.5 mol L−1 acetic acid gave a higher extraction efficiency than that in 0.3 mol L−1 acetic acid (P < 0.5). Extraction at 25 ± 1 °C for 5 h with 0.5 mol L−1 acetic acid gave a higher extraction efficiency (73.73 ± 1.28%), which is higher than that of 5 ± 1 °C by about 1.7‐fold. All ASC obtained were identified as type I collagen and showed similar physicochemical properties.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that extraction temperature strongly affected extraction efficiency. Extraction at 25 °C did not affect the triple helical structure, which was confirmed by the results of Fourier transform infrared, circular dichroism spectrum and collagen self‐assembly. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Historical Land‐use and Vegetation Change in Northern Kwazulu‐Natal, South Africa
Authors: Russell Jennifer M. , Ward David 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe role of anthropogenic activity is increasingly recognized as an agent of environmental change. Photographs, taken more than 130 years ago in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa, show a very different landscape to that viewed today. In attempting to understand some of the dynamics behind the changes in the landscape, we explored the history of land‐use in communal rangelands in KwaZulu‐Natal from the arrival of Iron Age man through to modern practices. Communal farming is frequently cited as a major cause of environmental degradation. Traditional lifestyles have been eroded by social, political and economic changes since the arrival of European explorers and settlers in the early 1800s. This may have contributed to encroachment by woody plants into the open savannas and grasslands of KwaZulu‐Natal in recent times because of increased grazing pressure and, perhaps reduced fires. Furthermore, there is decreasing dependence on wood for everyday needs due to the increased availability of electricity. Interviews with a number of community members indicate that they have noted a change in climate and in vegetation structure. Their observations have been confirmed by climate data and historic photographs. Environmental planners need to view change in a holistic manner, taking cognisance not only of the physical changes but also of the history of land‐use and human needs and to give credence to community perceptions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enabling arbitrary wavelength frequency combs on chip
Authors: Soltani Mohammad , Matsko Andrey , Maleki Lute 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA necessary condition for generation of bright soliton Kerr frequency combs in microresonators is to achieve anomalous group velocity dispersion (GVD) for the resonator modes. This condition is hard to implement in the visible as well as ultraviolet since the majority of optical materials are characterized with large normal GVD in these wavelength regions. We overcome this challenge by borrowing ideas from strongly dispersive coupled systems in solid state physics and optics. We show that photonic compound ring resonators can possess large anomalous GVD at any desirable wavelength, even if each individual resonator is characterized with normal GVD. Based on this concept, we design a mode‐locked frequency comb with thin‐film silicon nitride compound ring resonators in the vicinity of the rubidium D1 line (794.6 nm) and propose to use this optical comb as a flywheel for chip‐scale optical clocks.
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