bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ViXeN: An open‐source package for managing multimedia data
Authors: Ramachandran Prabhu , Devarajan Kadambari 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

There is a dearth of good toolkits to manage the different data formats that are associated with ecological datasets. In this paper, we describe a flexible, general‐purpose, easy‐to‐use, extensible, and open‐source toolkit that was built to manage an ecological study involving thousands of camera trap videos.

ViXeN, the software package described here, can be used to view data files, including videos, images, audio files, portable document format (PDF) files, and text, in multiple formats. It can be used to annotate these data files, using metadata in the form of arbitrary user tags.

The multimedia data catalogued, archived and extracted, using this software can easily be exported as a comma separated value file that can directly be used for data analysis.

The software is capable of handling large datasets with up to a million files. Furthermore, ViXeN provides the option of additional customization by advanced users based on their particular requirements.

We provide a case study involving more than 6,000 videos that were collected as part of a camera trap study involving mammalian carnivores to demonstrate some of the functionality of the software.
Identification of telocytes in the porcine heart
Authors: Tay H. , Vandecasteele T. , Van den Broeck W. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryRecently, a new interstitial cell type called telocyte has been identified. Telocytes are found in many organs including the heart, where they are especially well described. However, their presence in the porcine heart has not yet been proven. The pig is a valuable animal model in research because of its resemblance with man, making it interesting to determine whether telocytes can be found in pigs as well. The focus of this study is the identification and ultrastructural description of telocytes in the heart tissue of pig. Using transmission electron microscopy, telocytes were found in both left and right atrium and ventricle, usually close to cardiomyocytes and/or blood vessels. Their most important characteristic is the long cytoplasmic processes called telopodes, which have a moniliform aspect, measure tens of μm and usually have a thickness below 0.2 μm. This unique morphological feature enables telocytes to be recognized from other interstitial cells such as fibroblasts. Additional observations include the ability to release extracellular vesicles and to make contacts with other structures such as endothelial cells, suggesting a role in intercellular communication.
DIMENSIONS OF MEMBER HETEROGENEITY IN COOPERATIVES AND THEIR IMPACT ON ORGANIZATION – A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: HÖHLER Julia , KÜHL Rainer 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTMember heterogeneity is often seen as a disadvantage of cooperatives. Though, a comprehensive understanding of member heterogeneity, its dimensions and impacts on member interests, organizations and their performance is still missing. The following literature review is intended to summarize the existing literature on member heterogeneity with a focus on agricultural cooperatives in order to provide further areas of research. Different dimensions of heterogeneity are identified and ways of measuring their impact on cooperative organization are proposed.
Hyaluronate likely contributes to the immunesuppression of the regenerating tail blastema in lizards: Implications for organ regeneration in amniotes
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe regenerating tail blastema of lizards appears immunesuppressed, and the distribution of hyaluronate, a possible agent of immunesuppression, is evaluated. Transcriptome data show upregulation of genes stimulating hyaluronate production in the tail and limb blastemas. The distribution of hyaluronate in the tail and limb blastemas has been studied using alcian blue atpH2.5 and 1.0 and by immunohistochemistry for hyaluronate receptors. Both tail and limb blastemas initially contain hyaluronate, but this glycosaminoglycan disappears in the scarring limb blastema at 25‐ to 30‐day postamputation after intense inflammation. The regenerating tail tip moves distally during regeneration but conserves hyaluronate that is replaced by sulphated glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins in proximal regions of the regenerating tail. Hyaluronate receptors are diffuse among blastema cells and ependyma of the tail, intense in wound epidermis but low to absent in the scarring limb. The electron microscope shows that an amorphous extracellular matrix likely containing hyaluronate surrounds mesenchymal cells, ependyma and wound epidermis in the tail but is scarce to absent in the limb, whereas collagen fibrils prevail. Extracellular matrix containing hyaluronate may shield blastema cells from circulating immune cells preventing deleterious immune reactions in the tail but not in the limb, a process leading to scarring.
Does benefit justify research with children?
Authors: Binik Ariella 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe inclusion of children in research gives rise to a difficult ethical question: What justifies children's research participation and exposure to research risks when they cannot provide informed consent? This question arises out of the tension between the moral requirement to obtain a subject's informed consent for research participation, on the one hand, and the limited capacity of most children to provide informed consent, on the other. Most agree that children's participation in clinical research can be justified. But the ethical justification for exposing children to research risks in the absence of consent remains unclear. One prevalent group of arguments aims to justify children's risk exposure by appealing to the concept of benefit. I call these ‘benefit arguments’. Prominent versions of this argument defend the idea that broadening our understanding of the notion of benefit to include non‐medical benefits (such as the benefit of a moral education) helps to justify children's research participation. I argue that existing benefit arguments are not persuasive and raise problems with the strategy of appealing to broader notions of benefit to justify children's exposure to research risk.
Chronic exposure of interleukin-13 suppress the induction of matrix metalloproteinase-1 by tumour necrosis factor α in normal and scleroderma dermal fibroblasts through protein kinase B/Akt
Authors: Brown Lobbins M L , Shivakumar B R , Postlethwaite A E , Hasty K A 
Published: September 2017

SummaryPeripheral blood mononuclear cells taken from patients with scleroderma express increased levels of interleukin (IL)-13. Moreover, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) from involved scleroderma skin fibroblasts is refractory to stimulation by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. To elucidate the mechanism(s) involved, we examined the effect of IL-13 on TNF-α-induced MMP-1 expression in normal and scleroderma human dermal fibroblast lines and studied the involvement of serine/threonine kinase B/protein kinase B (Akt) in this response. Dermal fibroblast lines were stimulated with TNF-α in the presence of varying concentrations of IL-13. Total Akt and pAkt were quantitated using Western blot analyses. Fibroblasts were treated with or without Akt inhibitor VIII in the presence of IL-13 followed by TNF-α stimulation. MMP-1 expression was analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (anova) or Student's t-test. Upon TNF-α stimulation, normal dermal fibroblasts secrete more MMP-1 than systemic sclerosis (SSc) fibroblasts. This increase in MMP-1 is lost when fibroblasts are co-incubated with IL-13 and TNF-α. IL-13 induced a significant increase in levels of pAkt in dermal fibroblasts, while Akt inhibitor VIII reversed the suppressive effects of IL-13 on the response of cultured fibroblasts to TNF-α, increasing their expression of MMP-1. We show that IL-13 suppresses MMP-1 in TNF-α-stimulated normal and scleroderma dermal fibroblast. Akt inhibitor VIII is able to reverse the suppressive effect of IL-13 on MMP-1 expression and protein synthesis. Our data suggest that IL-13 regulates MMP-1 expression in response to TNF-α through an Akt-mediated pathway and may play a role in fibrotic diseases such as scleroderma.
Comparison of outcomes of kidney transplantation from donation after brain death, donation after circulatory death, and donation after brain death followed by circulatory death donors
Authors: Chen Guodong , Wang Chang , Ko Dicken Shiu‐Chung , Qiu Jiang , Yuan Xiaopeng , Han Ming , Wang Changxi , He Xiaoshun , Chen Lizhong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere are three categories of deceased donors of kidney transplantation in China, donation after brain death (DBD), donation after circulatory death (DCD), and donation after brain death followed by circulatory death (DBCD) donors. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of kidney transplantation from these three categories of deceased donors.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 469 recipients who received deceased kidney transplantation in our hospital from February 2007 to June 2015. The recipients were divided into three groups according to the source of their donor kidneys: DBD, DCD, or DBCD. The primary endpoints were delayed graft function (DGF), graft loss, and patient death.ResultsThe warm ischemia time was much longer in DCD group compared to DBCD group (18.4 minutes vs 12.9 minutes, P < .001). DGF rate was higher in DCD group than in DBD and DBCD groups (22.5% vs 10.2% and 13.8%, respectively, P = .021). Urinary leakage was much higher in DCD group (P = .049). Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year patient survivals were all comparable among the three groups.ConclusionDBCD kidney transplantation has lower incidences of DGF and urinary leakage than DCD kidney transplant. However, the overall patient and graft survival were comparable among DBD, DCD, and DBCD kidney transplantation.
Research into action? The Eastside Illicit Drinkers Group for Education's (EIDGE) experiences as a community‐based group in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Brown Loretta , Skulsh John , Morgan Rob , Kuehlke Ron , Graham Brittany 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Eastside Illicit Drinkers Group for Education has been supportive of research dedicated to establishing the effectiveness of Managed Alcohol Programs since its inception. Dedicated funding for MAPs in Vancouver, British Columbia is contingent on the research demonstrating that alcohol‐related harms are reduced while participating in a Managed Alcohol Program. The Eastside Illicit Drinkers Group for Education understands the need for evidence‐based research but we are critical of how much research is needed before sustainable funding can be established for these innovative programs.
Neurophysiological mechanisms and functional impact of mirror movements in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Kuo Hsing‐Ching , Friel Kathleen M , Gordon Andrew M 
Published: September 2017

Children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP) often have mirror movements, i.e. involuntary imitations of unilateral voluntary movements of the contralateral upper extremity. The pathophysiology of mirror movements has been investigated in small and heterogeneous cohorts in the literature. Specific pathophysiology of mirror movements and their impact on upper extremity function require systematic investigation in larger and homogeneous cohorts of children with unilateral spastic CP. Here we review two possible neurophysiological mechanisms underlying mirror movements in children with CP and those with typical development: (1) an ipsilateral corticospinal tract projecting from the contralesional motor cortex (M1) to both upper extremities; (2) insufficient interhemispheric inhibition between the two M1s. We also discuss clinical implications of mirror movements in children with unilateral CP and suggest that a thorough examination of the relationship between the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of mirror movements is warranted. We suggest two premises: (1) the presence of mirror movements is indicative of an ipsilateral corticospinal tract reorganization; and (2) the corticospinal tract organization may affect patients' responses to certain treatment. If these premises are supported through future research, mirror movements should be clinically evaluated for patient selection to maximize benefits of therapy, hence promoting individualized medicine in this population.What this paper adds

Mirror movements may be indicative of the underlying corticospinal tract reorganization in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

Future research will benefit from systematic investigations of the relationship between mirror movements and its pathophysiology.

Mirror movements may be a potential biomarker for individualized medicine in children with unilateral spastic CP.
The serum heavy/light chain immunoassay: A valuable tool for sensitive paraprotein assessment, risk, and disease monitoring in monoclonal gammopathies
Authors: Greil Christine , Ihorst Gabriele , Gaiser Felix , Salzer Ulrich , Bisse Emanuel , Kastritis Efstathios , Ludwig Heinz , Wäsch Ralph , Engelhardt Monika 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe heavy/light chain (HLC)‐immunoassay quantifies light chain types of each immunoglobulin class in patients with monoclonal gammopathies.MethodsWe assessed 147 consecutive patients with different forms and stages of plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD) who received standard tests (serum and urine protein electrophoresis [SPEP, UPEP], immunofixation [IFE], serum‐free light chain [SFLC]), and HLC‐immunoassay. Patients with multiple myeloma (MM, n = 102), smoldering MM (SMM, n = 5), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS, n = 28), and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM, n = 12) were included.ResultsWe verified a significant correlation between HLC‐ and standard monoclonal protein (mp)‐parameters, and HLC‐increases with higher disease stage and unfavorable remission status. In patients with difficult to quantify mp, more abnormal HLC‐ than SPEP‐, immunoglobulin‐, or SFLC‐results were found. In WM, a pathological HLC κ/λ‐ratio and M‐component were observed in 95% and 58%, respectively. In 21/28 MGUS and 5/5 SMM patients, HLC κ/λ‐ratios were abnormal. Testing different HLC cutoffs, patients with extreme HLC values showed impaired progression‐free survival (PFS).ConclusionsDespite the fact that different PCD patients were included, the assessment of the HLC‐immunoassay in MGUS, SMM, MM, and WM, our comparison with standard mp‐assays, and relevant PFS differences may excite future applications, which should be confirmed in prospective multicenter trials.
Prevalence and prognostic impact of anemia and iron deficiency in patients hospitalized in an internal medicine ward: The PRO‐IRON study
Authors: Fonseca Cândida , Araújo Manuel , Moniz Patrícia , Marques Filipa , Araújo Inês , Costa Luís , Rodrigues Joana , Frade Luciana , Botella Arturo , Jesus Susana , Leitão Ana , Campos Luís 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo assess prevalence, predictive factors, and prognostic impact on in‐hospital mortality of anemia, iron deficiency anemia (IDA), iron deficiency with or without anemia (ID), and iron deficiency without anemia (IDWA) in patients admitted to an internal medicine ward.MethodsThis 1‐year prospective study collected data on demographics, medical history, and blood tests in 771 consecutive patients on admission.ResultsMost patients were ≥65 years old (80%) and had hypertension (63%), moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) (43%), and heart failure (41%). Prevalence of anemia, IDA, ID, and IDWA was 67%, 41%, 58%, and 18%, respectively. Anemia was independently associated with age ≥65 years (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.15‐2.70), active cancer (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.42‐4.39), and moderate CKD (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.12‐2.43). ID was independently associated with female gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.64‐3.22), heart failure (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.16‐2.37), and moderate CKD (OR 2.95, 95% CI 2.04‐4.30). Incidence of in‐hospital mortality was 21% and independently associated with anemia (RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.21‐2.74).ConclusionsAnemia and iron deficiency were highly prevalent in internal medicine patients. As anemia negatively impacts on in‐hospital mortality, awareness should be raised for effective diagnosis and management of these comorbidities in hospitalized patients.
Biogeographical, environmental and anthropogenic determinants of global patterns in bird taxonomic and trait turnover
Authors: Barnagaud Jean‐Yves , Kissling W. Daniel , Tsirogiannis Constantinos , Fisikopoulos Vissarion , Villéger Sébastien , Sekercioglu Cagan H. , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo assess contemporary and historical determinants of taxonomic and ecological trait turnover in birds worldwide. We tested whether taxonomic and trait turnover (1) are structured by regional bioclimatic conditions, (2) increase in relationship with topographic heterogeneity and environmental turnover and change according to current and historical environmental conditions, and (3) decrease with human impact.Major TaxaBirds.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe used computationally efficient algorithms to map the taxonomic and trait turnover of 8,040 terrestrial bird assemblages worldwide, based on a grid with 110 km × 110 km resolution overlaid on the extent‐of‐occurrence maps of 7,964 bird species, and nine ecological traits reflecting six key aspects of bird ecology (diet, habitat use, thermal preference, migration, dispersal and body size). We used quantile regression and model selection to quantify the influence of biomes, environment (temperature, precipitation, altitudinal range, net primary productivity, Quaternary temperature and precipitation change) and human impact (human influence index) on bird turnover.ResultsBird taxonomic and trait turnover were highest in the north African deserts and boreal biomes. In the tropics, taxonomic turnover tended to be higher, but trait turnover was lower than in other biomes. Taxonomic and trait turnover exhibited markedly different or even opposing relationships with climatic and topographic gradients, but at their upper quantiles both types of turnover decreased with increasing human influence.Main conclusionsThe influence of regional, environmental and anthropogenic factors differ between bird taxonomic and trait turnover, consistent with an imprint of niche conservatism, environmental filtering and topographic barriers on bird regional assemblages. Human influence on these patterns is pervasive and demonstrates global biotic homogenization at a macroecological scale.
Persistence and productivity of orchardgrass and orchardgrass/alfalfa mixtures as affected by cutting height
Authors: Jones G. B. , Tracy B. F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCutting height is an important factor controlling the yield and persistence of grass swards harvested for conserved feed. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of four cutting heights (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) on the yield, composition and productivity based on deviation from a size/density compensation line for swards of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerataL.) and an orchardgrass/alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) mixture harvested nine times over three growing seasons. Yield was greatest for the 5 cm cutting height through the course of the experiment but ground cover of orchardgrass declined. Prior to the final harvest, tiller weight and density were determined. The 10‐, 15‐ and 20‐cm treatments fell on an apparent size/density compensation line with slope ‐1·779 (R2 = ·99;p = ·008) while the 5‐cm treatment fell considerably below that line indicating a reduction in productivity or relative persistence. Harvest at 10 cm appears to optimize yield while maintaining stand productivity in infrequently harvested orchardgrass swards.
EIGHTEENTH‐CENTURY DEPARTURES FROM DUALISM: FROM MECHANISM AND ANIMISM TO VITALISM AND ANTHROPOLOGY
Authors: Carroll Jerome 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis essay discusses the contribution to overcoming dualism made by eighteenth‐century anthropology. Anthropology in this period is a hybrid discourse comprising elements of popular philosophy, physiognomy, and psychology, which among other things aims to fill the gap left by the perceived failure of abstract, a priori, and transcendental approaches to philosophy either to ground knowledge in any absolute sense or guide us in more everyday questions of knowledge and action. It is associated with a holist approach to the ‘whole man’ and with a naturalist epistemology that prefers description to speculation. This article argues that an important strand of anthropology's holism involves consciously turning away from dualist ontologies. In a way that is anticipated in animist and vitalist approaches to human ontology (which are important aspects of medical science in the period), this dualism is displaced by, firstly, an attitude that is motivated by practical concerns, reflecting the close relationship between anthropological thinking and medicine in the late eighteenth century, and, secondly, a heuristic focus on effects rather than absolute definitions and ultimate causes. This heurism is thus at odds with an understanding of anthropology as adhering simply to naturalist positivism.
‘UEBER DIE ZERTHEILBARKEIT DES ICH'S IM MENSCHEN’. KÖRPER UND SELBSTBEWUSSTSEIN UM 1800
Authors: Müller‐Tamm Jutta 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTTaking the example of the anthropologist and physician Franz von Paula Gruithuisen (1774–1852), this article examines the connection between the organic determinacy of the human being, and the idea of ‘neuropedagogical optimisation’. Anthropology around 1800 understands soul, consciousness, and thought as functions of human physiology. At the same time, it dreams of radically empowering and transforming human abilities. This, for Gruithuisen, could be achieved by means of the further neurological diversification of the functionally divided subject. With recourse to empiricist philosophy and empirical anthropology, he conceives of a dynamic self, existing in and through the sensory and nervous system; he thereby refers to developments in modern neuropedagogy and cognitive studies.
EMBODIED COGNITION: GOETHE'S FARBENLEHRE AS PHENOMENOLOGY
Authors: Boyle Nicholas 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIn his Entwurf einer Farbenlehre, completed in 1806, Goethe aims to integrate the objective and subjective aspects of human knowledge. It is a phenomenology in the same sense as Hegel's Phänomenologie des Geistes (1807). The work begins with propositions not about light (as in Newton's Opticks) but about the body, specifically the eye, and colours generated within the eye, such as after‐images of bright objects. In the section on ʻPhysiological Coloursʼ the eye is shown to respond to any strong stimulus with a complementary and opposite reaction. There is therefore a systematic relation between colours – blue opposed to yellow, red to green – which can be represented as a circle. Colours are not qualities of objects, but experiences of an observer in time. In his second section, on ʻPhysical Colours’, Goethe aims to show that Newton's prismatic experiments, which treat colour as an object, are secondary variations of such subjective experiences. That subjective element cannot be eliminated from colour, which is therefore a ‘primary phenomenon’, an ‘Urphänomen’, not susceptible of further explanation. The appendix on ʻSinnlich‐sittliche Wirkung der Farbeʼ recombines the subjective and objective in the subtlest colour phenomenon of all – the art of painting.