bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Evaluation of Predictive DNA Testing for Huntington's Disease in a Large German Center
Authors: Ibisler Aysegül , Ocklenburg Sebastian , Stemmler Susanne , Arning Larissa , Epplen Jörg T. , Saft Carsten , Hoffjan Sabine 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe present a prospective study of counselees seeking predictive testing for Huntington's disease at the Huntington Center North Rhine‐Westphalia (Bochum, Germany) between 2010 and 2012. The aim was to observe the decision‐making process of at‐risk individuals and explore their experiences following the decision as well as the impacts of positive and negative mutation results. Data were collected using two standardized questionnaires as well as via a semi‐standardized telephone interview one year after the initial counseling session. Seventy‐two individuals participated in at least one of the three phases of the survey, including 31 individuals in the telephone interview. Sociodemographic data were in accordance with previous reports. The process of predictive testing was generally perceived in a positive manner, with almost all interviewees reporting a balanced emotional state one year after initial counseling, regardless of the decision for or against the test. The most important reasons named in favor of or against testing were assembled as well as different aspects regarding the satisfaction with the reached decision. In line with and expanding previous observations on gender‐related differences in decision‐making, our results suggest that gender‐related aspects should be more strongly taken into account in genetic counseling during the predictive testing and counseling processes.
Cognitive deficits associated with a high‐fat diet and insulin resistance are potentiated by overexpression of ecto‐nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase‐1
Authors: Kasper J.M. , Milton A.J. , Smith A.E. , Laezza F. , Taglialatela G. , Hommel J.D. , Abate N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThere is growing evidence that over consumption of high‐fat foods and insulin resistance may alter hippocampal‐dependent cognitive function. To study the individual contributions of diet and peripheral insulin resistance to learning and memory, we used a transgenic mouse line that overexpresses ecto‐nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase‐1 in adipocytes, which inhibits the insulin receptor. Here, we demonstrate that a model of peripheral insulin resistance exacerbates high‐fat diet induced deficits in performance on the Morris Water Maze task. This finding was then reviewed in the context of the greater literature to explore potential mechanisms including triglyceride storage, adiponectin, lipid composition, insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and hippocampal signaling. Together, these findings further our understanding of the complex relationship among peripheral insulin resistance, diet and memory.
Protestant Unity and Anti-Catholicism: The Irenicism and Philo-Semitism of John Dury in Context
Authors: Fradkin Jeremy 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article examines the religious and political worldview of the Scottish minister John Dury during the English Revolution of the mid-seventeenth century. It argues that Dury's activities as an irenicist and philo-semite must be understood as interrelated aspects of an expansionist Protestant cause that included Britain, Ireland, continental Europe, and the Atlantic world. Dury sought to imitate and counter what he perceived to be the principal strengths of early modern Catholicism: confessional unity, imperial expansion, and the coordination of global missionary efforts. The 1640s and 1650s saw the scope of Dury's long-standing vision grow to encompass colonial expansion in Ireland and America, where English and continental Protestants might work together to fortify their position against Spain and its growing Catholic empire. Both Portuguese Jews and American Indians appear in this vision as victims of Spanish Catholicism in desperate need of Protestant help. This article thus offers new perspectives on several aspects of Dury's career, including his relationship with displaced Anglo-Irish Protestants in London, his proposal to establish a college for the study of Jewish learning and “Oriental” languages, his speculation regarding the Lost Tribes of Israel in America, and his cautious advocacy for the toleration of Jews in England.
The Operatic Voice of Leoni the Jew: Between the Synagogue and the Theater in Late Georgian Britain
Authors: Erman Uri 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMichael Leoni, a leading singer in late eighteenth-century London, became famous for his role in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's anti-Jewish operaThe Duenna. He was discovered, however, at the Jewish synagogue, where his singing enthralled non-Jews in the early 1770s. Tracing Leoni's public reception, this article argues that the performative effect of his singing had a multifaceted relation to his audience's psychology of prejudice, serving to both reiterate and reconfigure a variety of preconceptions regarding the Jews. Leoni's intervention through operatic singing was particularly significant––a powerful, bodily manifestation that was capable of transforming listeners while exhibiting the deep acculturation of the singer himself. The ambivalence triggered by his performances would go on to define the public reception of other Jewish singers, particularly that of Leoni's protégé, John Braham, Britain's leading tenor in the early nineteenth century. Ultimately, the experience of these Jews' performances could not be easily deconstructed, as the Jewish performers' voices were emanating from within written, sometimes canonical, musical works. This representational impasse gave rise to a public discourse intent on deciphering their Jewishness, raising questions of interpretation, intention, and confession.
Euler and Navier–Stokes equations in a new time-dependent helically symmetric system: derivation of the fundamental system and new conservation laws
Authors: Dierkes Dominik , Oberlack Martin 
Published: March 2017

The present contribution is a significant extension of the work by Kelbin et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 721, 2013, pp. 340–366) as a new time-dependent helical coordinate system has been introduced. For this, Lie symmetry methods have been employed such that the spatial dependence of the originally three independent variables is reduced by one and the remaining variables are: the cylindrical radius $r$ and the time-dependent helical variable $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}=(z/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}(t))+b\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}$, $b=\text{const.}$ and time $t$. The variables $z$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}$ are the usual cylindrical coordinates and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}(t)$ is an arbitrary function of time $t$. Assuming $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=\text{const.}$, we retain the classical helically symmetric case. Using this, and imposing helical invariance onto the equation of motion, leads to a helically symmetric system of Euler and Navier–Stokes equations with a time-dependent pitch $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}(t)$, which may be varied arbitrarily and which is explicitly contained in all of the latter equations. This has been conducted both for primitive variables as well as for the vorticity formulation. Hence a significantly extended set of helically invariant flows may be considered, which may be altered by an external time-dependent strain along the axis of the helix. Finally, we sought new conservation laws which can be found from the helically invariant Euler and Navier–Stokes equations derived herein. Most of these new conservation laws are considerable extensions of existing conservation laws for helical flows at a constant pitch. Interestingly enough, certain classical conservation laws do not admit extensions in the new time-dependent coordinate system.
The Electronic Health Record and Patient Portals in HIV Medicine
Authors: DASKALAKIS DEMETRE C 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:The electronic medical record provides an exciting opportunity to support the coordination of care by medical and social providers. Many of these systems include patient portals that allow providers to share clinical information with patients in real time. These “patient portals” provide a unique opportunity for clients and patients to access and use HIV and sexually transmitted infection information for communication with healthcare providers, with potential or actual sex partners, and for tracking their own clinical course and progress. A concerted effort to develop these should include a high level of transparency and adequate support for both patient and provider.
Bioethicsing
Authors: ARAWI THALIA , MIKATI DIANA 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:This article describes the components of a unique 9 month required course in bioethics for 3rd year medical students at the American University of Beirut. The blended (hybrid) learning format emphasizes three innovative learning activities: the bioethics documentary, edutainment games, and the bioethics log book. Sample student responses are included as well as an outline of limitations.
Presidents, Baseball, and Wins above Expectations: What Can Sabermetrics Tell Us about Presidential Success?
Authors: Teodoro Manuel P. , Bond Jon R. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Presidential scholars and baseball writers debate who were the greatest. While baseball analysis evolved from qualitative impressions of “experts” to rigorous, data-driven “sabermetrics,” analysis of presidential greatness continues to rely on “old-school” reputational rankings based on surveys of scholars’ qualitative assessments. Presidential-congressional relations and baseball are all about winning, but what fans (of sports and politics) find most intriguing is Wins Above Expectations (WAE)—did the team do better or worse than expected? This paper adapts the Pythagorean Expectations (PE) formula developed to analyze baseball to assess legislative success of presidents from Eisenhower to Obama. A parsimonious regression model and the PE formula predict annual success rates with 90% accuracy. The estimates of WAE from the two approaches, however, are uncorrelated. Regression analysis does not identify any president who systematically exceeded expectations, but sabermetric analysis indicates that Republican presidents outperform Democrats. Neither approach correlates with recent presidential greatness rankings.
Gender Bias in International Relations Graduate Education? New Evidence from Syllabi
Authors: Colgan Jeff 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTGender diversity is good for the study of international relations (IR) and political science. Graduate training is an opportunity for scholars to affect the demographics of their field and the gendered practices within it. This article presents a first-cut investigation of the degree to which gender bias exists in graduate IR syllabi. The author found that the gender of the instructor for graduate courses matters significantly for what type of research is taught, in two ways. First, on average, female instructors assign significantly more research by female authors than male instructors. Second, women appear to be considerably more reluctant than men about assigning their own research as required readings. Some but not all of the difference between male- and female-taught courses might be explained by differences in course composition.
Multilevel Bargaining and the Negotiation of a Regional Trade Agreement: A Classroom Simulation
Authors: Kerevel Yann P. , Hultquist Philip , Edwards Margaret E. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
This article introduces a regional trade agreement (RTA) simulation for undergraduate students. The simulation uses a multilevel bargaining framework, in which students can represent not only governments of negotiating countries but also domestic interests. By allowing students to experience international bargaining at different levels, they gain a deeper understanding of controversial international trade processes.
Evidences of tidal distortion and mass loss from the old open cluster NGC 6791
Authors: Carraro Giovanni , Dalessandro Emanuele 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe present the first evidence of clear signatures of tidal distortions in the density distribution of the fascinating open cluster NGC 6791. We find that the 2D density map shows a clear elongation and an irregular distribution starting from ~ 300″ from the cluster center and two tails extending in opposite directions beyond the tidal radius. These features are aligned to both the absolute proper motion and to the Galactic centre directions. Accordingly we find that both the surface brightness and star count density profiles reveal a departure from a King model starting from ~ 600″. These observational evidences suggest that NGC 6791 is currently undergoing mass-loss likely due to gravitational shocking and interactions with the tidal field of the Milky Way. We derive the expected mass-loss due to stellar evolution and tidal interactions and we estimate the initial cluster mass to be Mini = (1.5 − 4.0) × 105M⊙.
N131: A dust bubble was born from the disruption of a gas filament?
Authors: Zhang Chuan-Peng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractN131 is an infrared dust bubble residing in a molecular filament. We aim to study the formation and fragmentation of this bubble with multi-wavelength dust and gas observations. Towards the bubble N131, we analyzed archival multi-wavelength observations including 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0, 24, 70, 160, 250, 350, 500 μm, 1.1 mm, and 21 cm. In addition, we performed new observations of CO (2-1), CO (1-0), and 13CO (1-0) with the IRAM 30-m telescope. Multi-wavelength dust and gas observations reveal a ringlike shell with compact fragments, two filamentary structures, and a secondary bubble N131-A. The bubble N131 is a rare object with a large hole at 24 μm and 21 cm in the direction of its center. The dust and gas clumps are compact and might have been compressed at the inner edge of the ringlike shell, while they are extended and might be pre-existing at the outer edge. The column density, excitation temperature, and velocity show a potentially hierarchical distribution from the inner to outer edge of the ringlike shell. We also detected the front and back sides of the secondary bubble N131-A in the direction of its center. The derived Lyman-continuum ionizing photon flux within N131-A is equivalent to an O9.5 star. Based on the above, we suggest that the bubble N131 might be triggered by the strong stellar winds from a group of massive stars inside the bubble. We propose a scenario in which the bubble N131 forms from the disruption of a gas filament by expansion of H II region, strong stellar winds, and fragments under self-gravity.
Globular Clusters within Dark Matter Halos: Case Studies of 47 Tuc, NGC 1851 and M 15
Authors: Lee Joowon , Shin Jihye , Kim Sungsoo S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGlobular clusters (GCs) are known to have a very small amount of or no dark matter (DM). Even if GCs are formed in individual DM halos, they must have lost the majority of the DM through dynamical processes such as mass segregation or tidal stripping. Using Fokker-Planck (FP) calculations, we investigate the dynamical evolution of three Galactic GCs with an assumption that they were formed in mini DM halos. We trace the amount of DM of 47 Tuc, NGC 1851, and M 15, which are a ‘disk/bulge’ cluster, an ‘old halo’ cluster, and a ‘young halo’ cluster, respectively. We find that these three GCs must have initially had insignificant amounts of DM, less than 10 percent of the initial stellar mass of each cluster.
Initial Dynamical Evolution of Star Clusters with Tidal Field
Authors: Park So-Myoung , Goodwin Simon P. , Kim Sungsoo S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObservations have been suggested that star clusters could form from the rapid collapse and violent relaxation of substructured distributions. We investigate the collapse of fractal stellar distributions in no, weak, and very strong tidal fields. We find that the rapid collapse of substructure into spherical clusters happens quickly with no or a weak tidal field, but very strong tidal fields prevent a cluster forming. However, we also find that dense Plummer spheres are also rapidly destroyed in strong tidal fields. We suggest that this is why the low-mass star clusters cannot survive near the galactic centre which has strong tidal field.
Is the massive star cluster Westerlund 2 double? - A high resolution multi-band survey with the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Zeidler Peter , Nota Antonella , Sabbi Elena , Grebel Eva K. , Tosi Monica , Bonanos Alceste Z. , Pasquali Anna , Christian Carol , de Mink Selma E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWesterlund 2 (Wd2) is one of the most massive young star clusters known in the Milky Way. The close proximity (4.16 kpc) to the Sun, and the young age (2.0 Myr) allow us to study star formation in detail at a high spatial resolution. We present results from our recent deep multi-band survey in the optical and near-infrared obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. We demonstrated that, as expected, the region is affected by significant differential reddening with a median value of E(B − V)g = 1.87 mag. The distance was inferred from the dereddened color-magnitude diagrams using Padova isochrones. Analyzing the spatial distribution of stars we found that Wd2 consists of two sub-clumps, namely the main cluster of Westerlund 2 and a less well populated clump located to the North. We estimated the same age of 0.1–2.0 Myr for both sub-clumps, thus we conclude that they are likely coeval.
The Spectral Energy Distribution of the Earliest Phases of Massive Star Formation
Authors: Klein Randolf , Cooper Jennifer , Looney Leslie , Henning Thomas , Chakrabarti Sukanya , Shenoy Sachin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe have selected cold and massive (M > 100M⊙) cores as candidates for early phases of star formation from millimeter continuum surveys without associations at short wavelengths. We compared the millimeter continuum peak positions with IR and radio catalogs and excluded cores that had sources associated with the cores’ peaks. We compiled a list of 173 cores in over 117 regions that are candidates for very early phases of Massive Star Formation (MSF). Now with the Spitzer and Herschel archives, these cores can be characterized further. We are compiling this data set to construct the complete spectral energy distribution (SED) in the mid- and far-infrared with good spatial resolution and broad spectral coverage. This allow us to disentangle the complex regions and model the SED of the deeply embedded protostars/clusters. We present a status report of our efforts: a preview of the IR properties of all cores and their embedded source inferred from a grey body fit to the compiled SEDs.
Galactic flows and the formation of stellar clusters
Authors: Smilgys Romas , Bonnell Ian A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe investigate the formation of stellar clusters from a Galactic scale SPH simulation. The simulation traces star formation over a 5.6 Myr timescale, with local gravitational instabilities resulting in ~ 105 solar masses of star formation in the form of sink particles. We investigate the time evolution of the physical properties of the forming clusters including their half-mass radii, their energies and the depletion time of the gas. Star formation is driven by the large scale flows which compress the gas to higher densities where self gravity takes over and collapse occurs. We show that the more massive clusters (up to ~ 2 × 104 solar masses) gather their material from of order 10 pc due to these large scale motions associated with the spiral arm passage and shock. The bulk of the gas becomes gravitationally bound near 1-2 Myr before sink formation, and in the absence of feedback, significant accretion ongoing on longer timescales. We trace the hierarchical merging process of cluster formation which naturally results in age spreads of order the crossing time of the original region which provides the gas reservoir for the cluster.
Early dynamical evolution of young substructured clusters
Authors: Dorval Julien , Boily Christian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractStellar clusters form with a high level of substructure, inherited from the molecular cloud and the star formation process. Evidence from observations and simulations also indicate the stars in such young clusters form a subvirial system. The subsequent dynamical evolution can cause important mass loss, ejecting a large part of the birth population in the field. It can also imprint the stellar population and still be inferred from observations of evolved clusters. Nbody simulations allow a better understanding of these early twists and turns, given realistic initial conditions. Nowadays, substructured, clumpy young clusters are usually obtained through pseudo-fractal growth and velocity inheritance. We introduce a new way to create clumpy initial conditions through a ”Hubble expansion” which naturally produces self consistent clumps, velocity-wise. In depth analysis of the resulting clumps shows consistency with hydrodynamical simulations of young star clusters. We use these initial conditions to investigate the dynamical evolution of young subvirial clusters. We find the collapse to be soft, with hierarchical merging leading to a high level of mass segregation. The subsequent evolution is less pronounced than the equilibrium achieved from a cold collapse formation scenario.
The influence of feedback from massive stars on the formation and emergence of massive clusters
Authors: Dale James E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMassive star clusters are of fundamental importance both observationally, since they are visible at such great distances, and theoretically, because of their influence on the large–scale ISM. Understanding stellar feedback is a prerequisite for making sense of their formation and early evolution, since feedback influences cluster structure, star formation efficiency, and sets the timescales on which clusters emerge from their parent clouds to become optically visible. I review the progress made in understanding these issues from a numerical perspective.
Identifying and Characterizing Stellar Clusters Toward the Galactic Anti-Center from Pan-STARRS1 Survey
Authors: Lin C.-C. , Chen W.-P. , Hou J. , Chen L. , Shao Z. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe current sample of star clusters (SCs) is still incomplete beyond 1.8 kpc. The Pan-STARRS1 with its wide field of views and sensitive cameras provides us an opportunity to identify and characterize SCs as much as possible. By using a star counting algorithm, we obtained a total of 491 stellar density enhancements in a field of 20° × 20° toward the Galactic Anti-Center (GAC), of which 50 are known SCs. The remaining 441 candidates are verified with radii, interstellar reddening, distances, and ages with proper motions and multiple bands photometries. Our results push the completeness of SCs almost near the edge of GAC. With the revised SC sample, the separation between Sagittarius and Perseus arms are about 3.2 ± 0.2 kpc and the widths of the nearby spiral arms—Sagittarius, Orion, and Perseus—with are 1.4 ± 0.1, 1.6 ± 0.1, and 3.3 ± 0.2 kpc, respectively.
Is there a cluster in the massive star forming region IRAS 20126+4104?
Authors: Montes V. A. , Hofner Peter , Anderson C. , Rosero V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA Chandra X-ray Observatory ACIS-I observation and a 6 cm continuum radio observation with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) together with a multiwavelength study in infrared (2MASS and Spitzer) and optical (USNO-B1.0) shows an increasing surface density of X-ray sources toward the massive protostar. There are at least 43 YSOs within 1.2 pc distance from the massive protostar. This number is consistent with typical B-type stars clusters (Lada & Lada 2003).