bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissecting functional components of reproductive isolation among closely related sympatric species of theAnopheles gambiaecomplex
Authors: Pombi Marco , Kengne Pierre , Gimonneau Geoffrey , Tene‐Fossog Billy , Ayala Diego , Kamdem Colince , Santolamazza Federica , Guelbeogo Wamdaogo Moussa , Sagnon N'Falé , Petrarca Vincenzo , Fontenille Didier , Besansky Nora J. , Antonio‐Nkondjio Christophe , Dabiré Roch Kounbobr , della Torre Alessandra , Simard Frédéric , Costantini Carlo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractExplaining how and why reproductive isolation evolves and determining which forms of reproductive isolation have the largest impact on the process of population divergence are major goals in the study of speciation. By studying recent adaptive radiations in incompletely isolated taxa, it is possible to identify barriers involved at early divergence before other confounding barriers emerge after speciation is complete. Sibling species of theAnopheles gambiaecomplex offer opportunities to provide insights into speciation mechanisms. Here, we studied patterns of reproductive isolation among three taxa,Anopheles coluzzii,An. gambiae s.s. andAnopheles arabiensis, to compare its strength at different spatial scales, to dissect the relative contribution of pre‐ versus postmating isolation, and to infer the involvement of ecological divergence on hybridization. Because F1 hybrids are viable, fertile and not uncommon, understanding the dynamics of hybridization in this trio of major malaria vectors has important implications for how adaptations arise and spread across the group, and in planning studies of the safety and efficacy of gene drive as a means of malaria control. We first performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published surveys reporting on hybrid prevalence, showing strong reproductive isolation at a continental scale despite geographically restricted exceptions. Second, we exploited our own extensive field data sets collected at a regional scale in two contrasting environmental settings, to assess: (i) levels of premating isolation; (ii) spatio/temporal and frequency‐dependent dynamics of hybridization, (iii) relationship between reproductive isolation and ecological divergence and (iv) hybrid viability penalty. Results are in accordance with ecological speciation theory predicting a positive association between the strength of reproductive isolation and degree of ecological divergence, and indicate that postmating isolation does contribute to reproductive isolation among these species. Specifically, only postmating isolation was positively associated with ecological divergence, whereas premating isolation was correlated with phylogenetic distance.
Biphasic predators provide biomass subsidies in small freshwater habitats: A case study of spring and cave pools
Authors: Barzaghi Benedetta , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Pennati Roberta , Manenti Raoul 
Published: July 2017

Summary

There is increasing attention on how biomass exchanges determine linkages between ecosystems. However, there is limited information on the factors determining the direction and overall magnitude of energy flow, especially in systems where primary producers are limited.

In this study we compared two aquatic ecosystems (cave and spring pools) using the biomass exchanges driven by a biphasic predator, the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra).

Between 2013 and 2014, we monitored 21 fire salamander breeding sites (12 cave pools and 9 spring pools) and we quantified the larval biomass input–export. The balance between input and export was related to different abiotic and biotic variables.

Salamandra salamandra larvae constituted a major component of the animal biomass in both cave and spring pools, and were the most abundant top predator. Light was the most important parameter in constraining predator biomass; biomass export was lowest in the sites that received less light. In cave pools, the biomass balance was negative, while it was positive in spring pools.

Our study demonstrates that cave pools are a system with much lower productivity than springs, and their functioning strongly depends on the input of external resources. Predator occurrence may constitute a major trophic subsidy in poorly productive environments. Gradients of abiotic variables such as light incidence can constrain population size of predators and determine a large variation in their biomass balance.
Correlates of frailty phenotype and frailty index and their associations with clinical outcomes
Authors: Guaraldi G , Malagoli A , Theou O , Brothers TD , Wallace LMK , Torelli R , Mussini C , Sartini S , Kirkland SA , Rockwood K 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesFrailty is a predictor of adverse health outcomes and can be measured across the life course, including among people living with HIV. The purpose of this study was to examine two commonly used measures of frailty ‐ the frailty index (FI) and frailty phenotype – to assess common characteristics and to describe associations with multimorbidity, falls, and disability in people aging with HIV.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional observational study including 482 consecutive HIV‐infected patients (mean age 53.9 ± SD 6.9 years; 75% male) attending the multidisciplinary metabolic clinic at the University of Modena, Italy. Frailty was measured with the frailty phenotype and a 37‐item FI.ResultsThe mean FI score was 0.28±0.1 and frailty phenotype categories were: 3.1% frail, 51.9% pre‐frail, and 45% robust. The duration of antiretroviral therapy was significantly different across levels of frailty as measured by both frailty tools (P < 0.01), but the nadir CD4 count was only significant for the FI (P = 0.01); current CD4 count was not significantly different across frailty levels using either tool. Both frailty measures were associated with multimorbidity; the FI was associated with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living impairment and falls history, whereas the frailty phenotype was not.ConclusionsThe frailty phenotype and the FI demonstrated similar characteristics in patients at a tertiary‐level HIV clinic. The FI had a stronger association with age, nadir CD4 count, comorbidities, falls, and disability. Integrating frailty assessments in clinical practice will be crucial for the development of interventions in age‐related conditions, including disability and falls, in older persons living with HIV.
Effects of composition and furnace temperature on (Ni, Co) (Cr, Al)2O4 pigments synthesized by solution combustion route
Authors: Gilabert Jessica , Palacios Maria Dolores , Sanz Vicente , Mestre Sergio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe effects of composition and furnace temperature on Ni1‐ΨCoΨCr2−2ΨAl2ΨO4 (0≤Ψ≤1) pigments prepared by Solution Combustion Synthesis were studied. As‐synthesized samples showed spinel‐like spongy structure, very easy to grind. However, important differences on crystallinity, crystal size, and microstructure were observed depending on composition and furnace temperature. All pigments developed intense tones, covering a wide color palette because of composition influence, although little effect was observed with furnace temperature. Stable crystalline structures, suitable grain size, and high resistance against synthesizing variables and ceramic glazes make SCS pigments perfect candidates to be used in the ceramic ink‐jet decoration.
The clinical significance of monitoring the expression of the SIL‐TAL1 fusion gene in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Zhao X. , Hong Y. , Qin Y. , Xu Y. , Chang Y. , Wang Y. , Zhang X. , Xu L. , Huang X. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionSIL‐TAL1 rearrangement is common in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL). However, whether this fusion gene might be used as a reliable marker of minimal residual disease (MRD) following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) remains unknownMethodsThe clinical data of consecutive 29 patients with T‐ALL who received allo‐HSCT were collected. Their MRD were evaluated by SIL‐TAL1, Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) expression, and the leukemia‐associated immunophenotype (LAIP) .ResultsThe median follow‐up was 354 days (71‐2111 days). Of the enrolled patients, 14 (87.5%) patients died of leukemia relapse. A total of 15 (51.7%) patients experienced relapse at a median of 90 days (60‐540 days) after transplantation. The SIL‐TAL1 expression of 16 patients converted from negative prior to transplantation to positive at 77 days (30‐281 days) following transplantation; furthermore, 15 (93.8%) of them eventually experienced relapse. In the 15 relapsed patients, 13 (86.7%) had increased SIL‐TAL1 expression levels 30 days (11‐220 days) earlier than the hematological relapse and the detection of abnormal WT1 and LAIP.ConclusionWe are the first to demonstrate the reliability of the SIL‐TAL1 fusion gene as a good MRD marker for patients with T‐ALL after allo‐HSCT.
Pushing the Boundaries of Amnesia and Myopia: A Critical Review of the Literature on Identity in Management and Organization Studies
Authors: Knights David , Clarke Caroline 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of this article is to review a selection of the literature on identity at work in Management and Organization Studies (MOS) in order to raise critical questions concerning what we see as the dangers of a certain amnesia and myopia. Insofar as some of the contemporary literature neglects to engage with the historical and multidisciplinary past and present, there is a tendency to leave common‐sense understandings of identity unexamined, thereby reproducing everyday preoccupations with securing the self. By contrast with such rational individualism, we seek a more embodied understanding of identity, where it is a means of building our ethical engagements and capacities for community living. By failing to problematize identity, there is little recognition of how attempts to secure the self are invariably self‐defeating if only because they are necessarily contingent on the other who is unpredictable and uncontrollable. The main contribution of the article is to show how this failure to interrogate identity is far from benign since it often results in reinforcing everyday preoccupations with the self that can turn into narcissism, and deflect and curtail alternative practices of embodied engagement. We trust that our deliberations will be helpful in advancing the ‘road less travelled’, where studies advance beyond taking identity for granted, and move instead towards more embodied understandings of ethical engagement.
Exploring the Registers of Identity Research
Authors: Corlett Sandra , McInnes Peter , Coupland Christine , Sheep Mathew 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAs the lead, introductory, contribution to this special issue ‘Exploring Registers of Identity Research’, this paper offers a view of three different ‘registers’ that might be seen to characterize identity research and which feature, to a greater or lesser extent, in the selected papers. First, the paper offers a means to understand the different theoretical traditions used to explain what constitutes identity and how it might be known. Second, it considers the relationship between different levels of identity – individual, group, professional, organizational and societal. Third, it reviews the methodologies used to understand identities and examines key theoretical assumptions which feature in academic debates, and in the selected papers, around identity theorizing. Drawing on the papers included in this special issue we offer a framework as a heuristic device that might guide scholars looking to enter the field of identity research and enable those already familiar with particular theoretical traditions, levels or methods to explore possibilities for extending their research. As an enticement to tackle the challenges extension across‐registers can present, we again turn to the special issue articles to examine – through a series of ‘gets’ – the different tactics authors might use to access the rich potential offered by cross‐fertilization between registers. Our contribution then lies in advancing the potential for dialogue between registers of identity research.
Identity Work and Organizational Identification
Authors: Brown Andrew D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, I analyse five approaches to identity work – discursive, dramaturgical, symbolic, socio‐cognitive, and psychodynamic – and show how these are helpful in exploring the ways people draw on their membership of organizations in their constructions of self, processes generally referred to as organizational identification. Collectively, these approaches constitute a distinctive perspective on identities and identifications which suggests that they are ‘worked on’ by embedded social actors who are both constrained and enabled by context. In so doing, I draw attention to issues of agency and process, the always dynamic and complex, often fractured, and sometimes contradictory nature of identities and identifications, and raise a series of issues and questions for further research.
Current state of pharmacovigilance in the Arab and Eastern Mediterranean region: results of a 2015 survey
Authors: Qato Danya M 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Objectives
This study describes the current state of pharmacovigilance systems in Arab and Eastern Mediterranean countries.

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between May and September 2015. Data were gathered from a standardized online survey sent to pharmacovigilance leadership identified as the official national contact for the WHO Programme for International Drug Monitoring. In countries with no specified pharmacovigilance programme or leadership, Ministry of Health officers responsible for drug safety policies were invited to participate in the survey. The survey measured three domains of pharmacovigilance performance using indicators that were defined and assigned scores a priori: 10 structural, 10 process, and seven impact indicators. Total scores were assigned to each domain of indicators, and countries were compared depending on their total performance score.

Key findings
Complete responses were received from 20 countries (of 24 total), representing an 83% response rate. Approximately 20% (n = 4) of respondents reported not having any pharmacovigilance programme in their country. In total, across the three primary pharmacovigilance performance domains, the mean score for the 20 countries in the survey was 28.9 [standard deviation(SD): 13.8] with a range from 4 to 48 (maximum possible score: 48). In the structural performance domain, which assessed the existence of key pharmacovigilance structures, systems and policies in each country, the mean score among respondents was 13.1 (SD: 5.7) and the scores ranged from 2 to 19 (maximum possible score: 19). In the process performance domain, which assessed the constellation of activities undertaken by pharmacovigilance programmes (including the collection, collation, analysis and evaluation of adverse drug event reports), the mean score among respondent countries was 9.1 (SD: 5.4) and the scores ranged from 0 to 17 (maximum possible score: 17). Finally, in the impact domain, which measured the scope of national efforts at promoting risk minimization and increasing awareness in use of potentially unsafe pharmaceutical products, the mean score was 6.8 (SD: 3.6) and scores ranged from 0 to 12 (maximum possible score: 12).

Conclusions
The findings suggest wide disparities in pharmacovigilance systems in the region, underscoring the need for a multistakeholder effort in bolstering programme development and the necessity to build collaboration regionally and internationally to enhance capacity, improve public and healthcare provider awareness and assist in the development of pharmacovigilance systems still in their nascent stage.
Comparing the reported burn conditions for different severity burns in porcine models: a systematic review
Authors: Andrews Christine J , Cuttle Leila 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThere are many porcine burn models that create burns using different materials (e.g. metal, water) and different burn conditions (e.g. temperature and duration of exposure). This review aims to determine whether a pooled analysis of these studies can provide insight into the burn materials and conditions required to create burns of a specific severity. A systematic review of 42 porcine burn studies describing the depth of burn injury with histological evaluation is presented. Inclusion criteria included thermal burns, burns created with a novel method or material, histological evaluation within 7 days post‐burn and method for depth of injury assessment specified. Conditions causing deep dermal scald burns compared to contact burns of equivalent severity were disparate, with lower temperatures and shorter durations reported for scald burns (83°C for 14 seconds) compared to contact burns (111°C for 23 seconds). A valuable archive of the different mechanisms and materials used for porcine burn models is presented to aid design and optimisation of future models. Significantly, this review demonstrates the effect of the mechanism of injury on burn severity and that caution is recommended when burn conditions established by porcine contact burn models are used by regulators to guide scald burn prevention strategies.
Evaluation of DNA methylation of inflammatory genes following treatment of chronic periodontitis: A pilot case–control study
Authors: Asa'ad Farah , Bollati Valentina , Pagni Giorgio , Castilho Rogerio M. , Rossi Eleonora , Pomingi Francesca , Tarantini Letizia , Consonni Dario , Giannobile William V. , Rasperini Giulio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of periodontal therapy on DNA methylation in patients with chronic periodontitis as compared to healthy individuals.Material and MethodsTwenty patients were enrolled into two groups: (i) 10 diagnosed as clinically healthy; and (ii) 10 diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Clinical measures were recorded and gingival biopsies were harvested at baseline (both patient groups) and at 2 and 8 weeks post‐baseline for diseased individuals. Molecular DNA methylation analysis was performed by pyrosequencing for the putative inflammation‐associated genes LINE‐1, COX‐2, IFN‐γ and TNF‐α. Random‐intercept linear regression models were applied to evaluate methylation levels across groups at baseline and the methylation changes over time in the diseased and normal tissues.ResultsPeriodontal therapy did not influence gene expression methylation of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and LINE‐1 levels at normal and periodontitis sites over time. However, it significantly reduced COX‐2 methylation levels comparable to healthy individuals at both 2 and 8 weeks post‐treatment (p < .05).ConclusionsPeriodontal therapy resets the DNA methylation status of inflammatory gene for COX‐2 in patients with periodontal disease. DNA methylation levels of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and LINE‐1 were sustained in periodontitis sites despite therapy. Future studies should consider an expanded panel of inflammatory genes over time. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02835898).
Annual Research Review: DNA methylation as a mediator in the association between risk exposure and child and adolescent psychopathology
Authors: Barker Edward D. , Walton Esther , Cecil Charlotte A.M. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundDNA methylation (DNAm) is a potential mechanism for propagating the effects of environmental exposures on child and adolescent mental health. In recent years, this field has experienced steady growth.MethodsWe provide a strategic review of the current child and adolescent literature to evaluate evidence for a mediating role of DNAm in the link between environmental risks and psychopathological outcomes, with a focus on internalising and externalising difficulties.ResultsBased on the studies presented, we conclude that there is preliminary evidence to support that (a) environmental factors, such as diet, neurotoxic exposures and stress, influence offspring DNAm, and that (b) variability in DNAm, in turn, is associated with child and adolescent psychopathology. Overall, very few studies have examined DNAm in relation to both exposures and outcomes, and almost all analyses have been correlational in nature.ConclusionsDNAm holds potential as a biomarker indexing both environmental risk exposure and vulnerability for child psychopathology. However, the extent to which it may represent a causal mediator is not clear. In future, collection of prospective risk exposure, DNAm and outcomes – as well as functional characterisation of epigenetic findings – will assist in determining the role of DNAm in the link between risk exposure and psychopathology.
Acute effects of alcohol on sleep are mediated by components of homeostatic sleep regulatory system
Authors: Alam Md. Noor , McGinty Dennis 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlcohol causes adenosine buildup, which inhibits wake‐active neurons via adenosine A1 receptors thus disinhibiting sleep active neurons and also stimulates sleep‐active neurons via A2A receptors, causing sleep. This editorial highlights the study entitled, “Lesions of the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons attenuates sleepiness and adenosine after alcohol consumption” by Sharma and colleagues. They report that the wake‐promoting basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons play a crucial role in mediating acute alcohol‐induced sleep via adenosinergic signaling.
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In vitro fertilization and pregnancy management in a woman with acquired idiopathic chylous ascites
Authors: Sakamoto Ai , Kamada Yasuhiko , Kotani Sayoko , Yamada Kiyoshi , Kimata Yoshihiro , Hiramatsu Yuji 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAcquired idiopathic chylous ascites is extremely rare in women of reproductive age. This is the first report describing successful infertility and pregnancy management in a patient with idiopathic chylous ascites.A 23‐year‐old woman presented with abdominal distention and was diagnosed with idiopathic fluid collection. A lymphogram revealed lymphatic leakage from the right renal hilum. Lymphatic‐venous anastomosis of the thoracic duct was performed thrice, but the chylous ascites persisted. In vitro fertilization was performed because natural conception was not possible. Just prior to oocyte retrieval, transvaginal drainage of ascites was performed. In total, nine blastocysts were obtained and cryopreserved. Single frozen embryo transfer was performed, including hormone replacement therapy. The patient became pregnant and the ascites spontaneously decreased as the pregnancy progressed, finally disappearing around gestational week 20. A healthy baby was delivered transvaginally. Ascites began to reaccumulate on post‐partum day 1 and returned to the pre‐pregnancy level within a month.