bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase‐contrast MR flow imaging: A tool to determine hepatic hemodynamics in rats with a healthy, fibrotic, or cirrhotic liver
Authors: Schaffner Denise , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Deibert Peter , Lazaro Adhara , Merfort Irmgard , Lutz Lisa , Neubauer Jakob , Baumstark Manfred W. , Kreisel Wolfgang , Reichardt Wilfried 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo test a magnetic resonance (MR) scanning protocol as a noninvasive tool to determine hepatic hemodynamics and to assess the degree of liver fibrosis in an animal model of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.Materials and MethodsFifty‐four male Wistar rats were studied. Thirty‐nine received thioacetamide (TAA) in their drinking water for either 12 or 16 weeks. MR measurements were performed using flow‐sensitive 2D phase‐contrast MRI and a 9.4T preclinical scanner. The following hemodynamic parameters were investigated: portal cross‐sectional area, mean portal flow velocity, and portal and aortic flow volume rate. Therefore, rats (n = 46) were divided into three groups: CON (control, n = 13), FIB (fibrosis, n = 25), and CIR (cirrhosis, n = 8). Furthermore, the degree of liver fibrosis was assessed by a self‐established MR score and verified by a standardized histological score (n = 48).ResultsPortal and aortic flow parameters could be reliably detected. A significant decrease in portal flow velocity was found in FIB (FIB vs. CON: –21%, P = 0.006 and CIR vs. CON: –17%, P = 0.105) and in portal flow volume rate in FIB and CIR (FIB vs. CON: –20%, P = 0.009 and CIR vs. CON: –25%, P = 0.024). If the histological score is taken as standard, the self‐established MR score enabled discrimination between healthy and diseased livers (sensitivity to identify diseased livers: 89% and specificity to identify healthy livers: 100%).ConclusionThis MR scanning protocol presents a noninvasive tool to determine hepatic hemodynamics in healthy and diseased rats.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1526–1534.
Longitudinal quantitative MRI assessment of cortical damage in multiple sclerosis: A pilot study
Authors: Gracien René‐Maxime , Reitz Sarah C. , Hof Stephanie‐Michelle , Fleischer Vinzenz , Droby Amgad , Wahl Mathias , Steinmetz Helmuth , Groppa Sergiu , Deichmann Ralf , Klein Johannes C. 
Published: February 2017

PurposeQuantitative MRI (qMRI) allows assessing cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS) on a microstructural level, where cortical damage has been shown to prolong T1‐relaxation time and increase proton density (PD) compared to controls. However, the evolution of these changes in MS over time has not been investigated so far. In this pilot study we used an advanced method for the longitudinal assessment of cortical tissue change in MS patients with qMRI in comparison to cortical atrophy, as derived from conventional MRI.Materials and MethodsTwelve patients with relapsing‐remitting MS underwent 3T T1/PD‐mapping at two timepoints with a mean interval of 12 months. The respective cortical T1/PD‐values were extracted from the middle of the cortical layer and the cortical thickness was measured for surface‐based identification of clusters with increasing/decreasing values.ResultsStatistical analysis showed clusters with increasing PD‐ and T1‐values over time (annualized rate for T1/PD increase in these clusters: 3.4 ± 2.56% for T1, P = 0.0007; 2.3 ± 2.59% for PD, P = 0.01). Changes are heterogeneous across the cortex and different patterns of longitudinal PD and T1 increase emerged. Analysis of the cortical thickness yielded only one small cluster indicating a decrease of cortical thickness.ConclusionChanges of cortical tissue composition in MS seem to be reflected by a spatially inhomogeneous, multifocal increase of the PD values, indicating replacement of neural tissue by water, and of the T1‐relaxation time, a surrogate of demyelination, axonal loss, and gliosis. qMRI changes were more prominent than cortical atrophy, showing the potential of qMRI techniques to quantify microstructural alterations that remain undetected by conventional MRI.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1485–1490.
Holocene variability in sea ice cover, primary production, and Pacific‐Water inflow and climate change in the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas (Arctic Ocean)
Authors: Stein Ruediger , Fahl Kirsten , Schade Inka , Manerung Adelina , Wassmuth Saskia , Niessen Frank , Nam Seung‐Il 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, we present new detailed biomarker‐based sea ice records from two sediment cores recovered in the Chukchi Sea and the East Siberian Sea. These new biomarker data may provide new insights on processes controlling recent and past sea ice changes. The biomarker proxy records show (i) minimum sea ice extent during the Early Holocene, (ii) a prominent Mid‐Holocene short‐term high‐amplitude variability in sea ice, primary production and Pacific‐Water inflow, and (iii) significantly increased sea ice extent during the last ca. 4.5k cal a BP. This Late Holocene trend in sea ice change in the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas seems to be contemporaneous with similar changes in sea ice extent recorded from other Arctic marginal seas. The main factors controlling the millennial variability in sea ice (and surface‐water productivity) are probably changes in surface water and heat flow from the Pacific into the Arctic Ocean as well as the long‐term decrease in summer insolation. The short‐term centennial variability observed in the high‐resolution Middle Holocene record is probably related to solar forcing. Our new data on Holocene sea ice variability may contribute to synoptic reconstructions of regional to global Holocene climate change based on terrestrial and marine archives.
“Practical Suggestions On Counseling How I Do It”
Authors: Kommers Mary S. , Sullivan Marsha D. , Yonkers Anthony J. 
Published: February 2017

A laryngectomee's home environment may be a critical motivating factor for successful rehabilitation. Results from questionnaires to 45 wives of laryngectomees are discussed. The wives evaluated the adequacy of their preparation for the surgery and the type and severity of ensuing problems. Judgments as to the type and adequacy of counseling and the wives' factual understanding of the laryngectomy procedure and its consequences are reported.Results of the survey underscored the need for more counseling before and after laryngectomy. Wives of older laryngectomees were more optimistic post‐operatively since their primary preoperative fear had been death. Younger wives' spirits were often lowest after surgery when the impact on daily living was more fully realized. The need for a team approach to total medical, speech, and vocational rehabilitation is indicated.
Lymphoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Fierstein Jeffrey T. , Thawley Stanley E. 
Published: February 2017

The natural history of 88 cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck were reviewed. An analysis is presented of the histopathologic, clinical, and prognostic features of these patients which presented to the Washington University Affiliated Hospitals between 1955–1975.All biopsies were histologically classified according to the criteria of Rappaport and staged according to the Ann Arbor Classification. There were 38 histiocytic lymphomas, 29 poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas, 16 well differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas, and 5 mixed lymphomas.The lesions were equally divided between Waldeyer's ring and other head and neck sites. Most of the lymphomas were extranodal in presentation. Sixty‐one percent of all cases presented with disease localized to the site of origin; 17% had extension to regional nodes and 21% had generalized disease (Stage III and IV).In terms of treatment, localized well differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma was treated with radiation therapy. Generalized well differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas were treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Most patients with histiocytic and poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma limited to the site of origin were treated with radiation and all others with combined therapy. Over 90% of patients with Stage I disease were considered cured at the end of three years while the overall survival was 72%.
Fetal Respiratory Distress Causing CNS and Inner Ear Hemorrhage
Authors: Spector Gershon J. , Pettit W. Jay , Davis Gustave , Strauss Melvin , Rauchbach Erol 
Published: February 2017

Fifty‐two consecutive temporal bones of infants who died neonatally, or in utero of natural causes, were studied. Complete autopsies were performed. Twenty‐eight infants had a variety of pulmonary disorders which resulted in severe respiratory distress prior to their death. Of these, the majority had bleeding intracranially and into the inner ear. There were five major pathways of central nervous system and subarachnoid hemorrhage involvement of the inner ear: 1) the modiolus, 2) cochlear aqueduct, 3) retrograde via the cochlear vein, 4) episodes of spontaneous bleeding into various compartments of the inner ear, and 4) hemorrhage via the otic capsule.The remaining 24 infants died of other natural causes. Two had CNS bleeding with no extension to the inner ear.We propose that there is a syndrome which consists of 1) neonatal respiratory distress, 2) intracranial hemorrhage, and 3) bleeding into the inner ear — an extension of a subarachnoid or subependymal matrix bleeding diathesis.
Maximum Compliance and Ménière's Disease
Authors: Hall C. Mike 
Published: February 2017

In this study an electroacoustic impedance bridge and an X–Y recorder were used to measure maximum compliance (Cm) in 53 patients symptomatic of Meniere's disease in only one ear. Various parameters of Meniere's disease were investigated by comparing Cm values between ears. The parameters which were investigated included: (1) Meniere's disease; (2) the symptom of fullness; (3) the length of disease; and (4) the degree of hearing loss.The data were interpreted as demonstrating that there were differences in Cm which were indicative and consistent with what would be expected for mechanical changes in the inner ear associated with Meniere's disease.
Metastatic Tumors to the Sphenoid Sinus
Authors: Barrs David M. , McDonald Thomas J. , Whisnant Jack P. 
Published: February 2017

Patients with cranial nerve palsies and roentgenographic evidence of sphenoid sinus destruction present diagnostic problems. Although the presence of local primary neoplasms may be considered first, metastatic disease from distant sites also should be considered.We report on eight patients with metastatic tumors to the sphenoid sinus seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1950 through 1976. Primary sites of the lesions included the breast, thyroid gland, lung, kidney, and prostate (two patients). Metastatic myeloma was seen in two patients. Symptoms resulted from involvement of the structures adjacent to the sphenoid sinus and in all patients included diplopia or decreased visual acuity. In four patients, these ocular symptoms were the first sign of disease, after which a complete general examination disclosed the occult primary sites.
Fibrinolytic Enzyme in Tracheobronchial Secretion of Rats: Existence of Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Kosugi Tadayoshi , Morimitsu Tamotsu , Matsuo Osamu , Mihara Hisashi 
Published: February 2017

It is known that a plasminogen activator exists in the secretion of various organs, i.e., the existence of plasminogen activator in milk, tears, saliva, seminal fluids, urine and bile has been already demonstrated. However, the existence of the fibrinolytic enzyme in tracheobronchial secretions has not been known until this time.We found a new method to collect the tracheobronchial secretion of rats, and succeeded in detecting the fibrinolytic activity in the tracheobronchial secretions. Furthermore, it was found that the substance exhibiting the fibrinolytic activity in this secretion was not protease but plasminogen activator. In addition, some chemical properties of this plasminogen activator are presented, and the physiological and pathophysiological significances of it are discussed in this paper.
Central Auditory Testing and Dyslexia
Authors: Welsh Louis W. , Welsh John J. , Healy Michael P. 
Published: February 2017

A group of dyslexic pupils with normal end organ function was studied by a central auditory battery to determine whether a hearing disability existed. The clinical features of dyslexia are presented with emphasis on the psychological developmental and functional disorders associated with this reading problem.The central battery of Willeford was selected as the test medium and the results of the 77 dyslexic students were compared to the normative data.The model proposed by Sparks, et al., is accepted as the mechanism for dichotic audition. Reference is made to the organic basis of reading disorders from lesion in the calcarine area to the angular gyrus.The competing sentence test, binaural fusion, rapidly alternating speech perception, and filtered speech are described in detail and are organic foundation for the study.The authors identified a high rate of failure in this investigation. Over 50% of the dyslexic students failed two of the four tests, and each of the 77 failed at least one component. The most sensitive tests were binaural fusion and filtered speech with less variation from the norm in the remaining two components.The effect of maturation in central audition was measured in each of the four tests. The data suggest: 1. the scores are lower in the early ages in each test: 2. that rapidly alternating speech and competing sentences approach the normal range albeit somewhat delayed; and 3. that binaural fusion and filtered speech improve in score somewhat but rather moderately and never approach the normal range.Based upon the central auditory data and in conjunction with the anatomical pathways of vision, the authors suggest the site of lesion to be in the temporo‐parietal cortex and the association fibers.
Partial Adenoidectomy
Authors: Shapiro Robert S. 
Published: February 2017

Adenoidectomy in the presence of an inadequate palate may result in velopharyngeal insufficiency. When an adenoidectomy is indicated in a child whose palate is not fully adequate, a partial adenoidectomy may be considered. Partial adenoidectomy involves removing the upper part of the adenoid for relief of nasal obstruction while leaving the lower portion of the adenoid intact to ensure velopharyngeal competence.Fifty‐eight children underwent partial adenoidectomy over a 4‐year period; 55 of these children had preoperative nasal obstruction; 49 had a tonsillectomy done at the same time; and 2 had had a previous T&A.The rationale for retaining the lower portion of the adenoid includes a short soft palate, decreased palatal mobility, a mildsubmucous cleft palate, huge tonsils pushing the palate anteriorly, and a short hard palate.The relief of nasal obstruction was excellent. There were no primary postoperative hemorrhages, and none of the 58 children developed velopharyngeal insufficiency following partial adenoidectomy.
The Relationship Of Idiopathic Sudden Hearing Loss To Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wilson William R. , Laird Nan , Soeldner J. S. , Moo-Young George , Kavesh Debra A. , Macmeel J. W. 
Published: February 2017

A diabetic subgroup identified from a base population who have experienced idiopathic sudden hearing loss (ISHL) has been studied. In order to assess the relationship between diabetes and ISHL, two non‐diabetic control groups were formed, and a comparision of the audiological data between the diabetic and non‐diabetic ISHL patient was made. Mean degree of hearing loss and recovery, as well as the mean hearing level of the contralateral ear were analyzed. No statistically significant differences were noted in the audiological pattern of ISHL in diabetics and controls. A similar incidence of recovery was noted for the two groups throughout the mid frequencies; however, diabetic ISHL patients fail to recover as well as in the high frequencies. Preliminary data, while not statistically significant, suggest an increased hearing loss in both the affected and unaffected ear of the older diabetic patient.Additional diagnostic testing, including ENG, BSERA, and diabetic retinopathy examinations were performed but, with the exception of ENG results, did not appear to be clinically significant.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea
Authors: Neely J. Gail , Neblett Charles R. , Rose James E. 
Published: February 2017

Two consecutively operated‐on adult cases with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea were reviewed. Three meningoencephaloceles through tegmental defects were found. Each cele was peduculated through a small dural dehiscence partially obstructed by herniated brain. The otic capsule was normal in both cases.Bipolar cautery was used to reduce the size of the meningoencephalocele and to allow this tissue to assist in the closure of the defect. Conchal cartilage was placed through the tegmental defect to act as a self maintaining intracranial repair of the bony dehiscence. These cases and the literature suggest that fistulization of dura is more frequently the cause of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea in adults than is a defect in the otic capsule. Thus, direct surgical inspection of these areas is required.
Diagnosis and Management Decisions in Infections of the Deep Fascial Spaces of the Head and Neck Utilizing Computerized Tomography
Authors: Endicott James N. , Nelson Robert J. , Saraceno Carmelo A. 
Published: February 2017

Infections of the deep spaces of the head and neck may still result in major consequences despite the advent of antibiotics. Abscesses in these areas merit special consideration by today's head and neck surgeon because of their relative rarity and the life‐threatening complications that may follow inadequate treatment.Diagnosis and management decisions are enhanced by use of computerized tomography (CT) as an adjunctive study. The EMI scan may demonstrate either cellulitis of the neck requiring no surgery or a space abscess displacing the adjacent structures thus requiring surgical drainage.Anatomy of the significant fascial planes and spaces of the neck will be reviewed employing CT utilizing 3 mm cuts. Specific case presentations feature early diagnosis and management.
Demonstration of Papillomavirus Antigen in Paraffin Sections of Laryngeal Papillomas
Authors: Braun Lundy , Kashima Haskins , Eggleston Joseph , Shah Keerti 
Published: February 2017

A papillomavirus antigen has been identified in tissue sections of laryngeal papillomata removed at endoscopic operations. The demonstration of the papillomavirus antigen was achieved using the peroxidase‐anti‐peroxidase test of Sternberger after a broadly cross‐reactive rabbit antiserum to the papillomavirus capsid antigen was incubated with the tissue sections.The antigen was detected in specimens from 7 of 15 patients with juvenile‐onset laryngeal papillomas, but could not be demonstrated in the specimens from 6 patients with adult‐onset papillomas. In all, 73 biopsy specimens from 21 patients were selected for study; 18% (11/61) of the sections from the juvenile‐onset patients and 0% (0/12) of the sections from the adult‐onset patient specimens exhibited the papillomavirus antigen.The presence of the virus antigen did not correlate with the stage of disease, nor with the duration or severity of the illness.The implications of the findings are discussed.
Autoimmune Reactivity in Meniere'S Disease: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Hughes Gordon B. , Kinney Sam E. , Barna Barbara P. , Calabrese Leonard H. 
Published: February 2017

Autoimmune inner ear disease was first described by McCabe in 1979. The diagnosis is supported by cell mediated immune responses to inner ear membrane antigen stimulation. Meniere's disease consists of episodic vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus and often aural pressure. Although most clinicians feel that Meniere's disease has no known cause, recently several researchers have suggested that some cases of Meniere's disease may be autoimmune in origin.In the present study, 10 patients with bilateral Meniere's disease were studied prospectively for autoimmune inner ear disease using both cellular and humoral immune tests. Results were compared with normal control subjects. One additional patient with Meniere's disease was identified retrospectively to have positive autoimmune test results. Preliminary conclusions suggest that at least some cases of presumed idiopathic Menlere's disease are autoimmune in origin.Therapeutic implications are significant: the addition of steroids, cytotoxic drugs and/or apheresis to conventional treatment may help prevent total deafness which otherwise might be inevitable.
Transoral Partial Supraglottic Resection Using The CO2 Laser
Authors: Davis R. Kim , Shapshay Stanley M. , Strong M.Stuart , HYMS VINCENT J. 
Published: February 2017

Transoral epiglottis resection or partial supraglottic resection was done with the CO2 laser in 20 highly selected patients. Visualization was best accomplished using the Lynch suspension system, but was satisfactory with the Jako‐Pilling laryngoscope. The best indications for this procedure were: 1. for visualization of the true vocal cords in previously treated cancer patients whose epiglottis obstructed indirect mirror examination, 2. for removal of obstructing benign epiglottic lesions, 3. as an excisional biopsy in limited epiglottic cancer, especially of the suprahyoid epiglottis.No major complications or operative morbidity occurred. This approach obviated the potential morbidity of external surgical procedures in a select group of patients. Shortened hospitalization, avoidance of tracheotomy, minimal postoperative discomfort and edema, and excellent wound healing were additional advantages seen.
Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor (Pindborg Tumor): An Unusual Case
Authors: Baunsgaard Philip , Løntoft Erik , Sørensen Mogens 
Published: February 2017

A case of the rare calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor is reported. The tumor was situated high in the left maxillary antrum, bulging into the nasal cavity. The presenting signs were homolateral nasal stenosis and bulging of the lateral nasal wall. The clinical appearances and histological findings are submitted and compared with those in cases described previously.Treatment and prognosis are discussed. From the present case it is apparent that despite its odontogenic nature the tumor may occur so far from the teeth that clinically it may be mistaken for a tumor of the nasal cavity.
Breathing During Sleep Immediately after Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Authors: Johnson Jonas T. , Sanders Mark H. 
Published: February 2017

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) has been acclaimed in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Evaluation of the effect of UPPP has usually been done 6 to 8 weeks postoperatively. Recently, a patient died suddenly at home of unknown causes 48 hours following UPPP. Autopsy evaluation demonstrated no evidence of hemorrhage, aspiration, or airway edema; however, it caused us to reassess our postoperative program. Three obese patients (192%, 162%, and 157% of ideal body weight) with OSA underwent polysomnography on the second postoperative night.The mean duration of the postoperative apneas was not significantly different; however, the nadir SaO2 during apnea in one patient was significantly lower postoperatively. Those individuals with awake hypercapnia and hypoxemia who had significant sleep associated hemoglobin unsaturation preoperatively may be at greatest risk. These observations indicate that careful postoperative monitoring is warranted in this group of patients.