bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head-Impact–Measurement Devices: A Systematic Review
Authors: O'Connor Kathryn L. , Rowson Steven , Duma Stefan M. , Broglio Steven P. 
Published: April 2017

Context:With an estimated 3.8 million sport- and recreation-related concussions occurring annually, targeted prevention and diagnostic methods are needed. Biomechanical analysis of head impacts may provide quantitative information that can inform both prevention and diagnostic strategies.Objective:To assess available head-impact devices and their clinical utility.Data Sources:We performed a systematic search of the electronic database PubMed for peer-reviewed publications, using the following phrases: accelerometer and concussion, head impact telemetry, head impacts and concussion and sensor, head impacts and sensor, impact sensor and concussion, linear acceleration and concussion, rotational acceleration and concussion, and xpatch concussion. In addition to the literature review, a Google search for head impact monitor and concussion monitor yielded 15 more devices.Study Selection:Included studies were performed in vivo, used commercially available devices, and focused on sport-related concussion.Data Extraction:One author reviewed the title and abstract of each study for inclusion and exclusion criteria and then reviewed each full-text article to confirm inclusion criteria. Controversial articles were reviewed by all authors to reach consensus.Data Synthesis:In total, 61 peer-reviewed articles involving 4 head-impact devices were included. Participants in boxing, football, ice hockey, soccer, or snow sports ranged in age from 6 to 24 years; 18% (n = 11) of the studies included female athletes. The Head Impact Telemetry System was the most widely used device (n = 53). Fourteen additional commercially available devices were presented.Conclusions:Measurements collected by impact monitors provided real-time data to estimate player exposure but did not have the requisite sensitivity to concussion. Proper interpretation of previously reported head-impact kinematics across age, sport, and position may inform future research and enable staff clinicians working on the sidelines to monitor athletes. However, head-impact–monitoring systems have limited clinical utility due to error rates, designs, and low specificity in predicting concussive injury.
Modes of vertical thermodynamic and wind variability over the Maritime Continent
Authors: Bukowski Jennie , Posselt Derek J. , Reid Jeffrey S. , Atwood Samuel A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The Maritime Continent (MC) is an exceedingly complex region from the perspective of both its meteorology and its aerosol characteristics. Convection in the MC is ubiquitous and assumes a wide variety of forms under the influence of an evolving large-scale dynamic and thermodynamic context. Understanding the interaction between convective systems and their environment, both individually and in the aggregate, requires knowledge of the dominant patterns of spatial and temporal variability. Ongoing cloud model ensemble studies require realistic perturbations to the atmospheric thermodynamic state to devise system sensitivities. Apart from modeling studies, evanescent signals in the tropical system are obscured by the underlying broad-scale meteorological variability, which if constrained could illuminate fine-scale physical processes. To this end, radiosonde observations from 2008 to 2016 are examined from three upper-air sounding sites within the MC for the purpose of exploring the dominant vertical temperature, humidity, and wind structures in the region. Principal component analysis is applied to the vertical atmospheric column to transform patterns present in radiosonde data into canonical thermodynamic and wind profiles for the MC. Both rotated and non-rotated principal components are considered, and the emerging structure functions reflect the fundamental vertical modes of short-term tropical variability. The results indicate that while there is tremendous spatial and temporal variability across the MC, the primary modes of vertical thermodynamic and wind variability in the region can be represented in a lower-dimensional subspace. In addition, the vertical structures are very similar among different sites around the region, though different structures may manifest more strongly at one location than another. The results indicate that, while different meteorology may be found in various parts of the MC at any given time, the processes themselves are remarkably consistent. The ability to represent this variability using a limited number of structure functions facilitates analysis of covariability between atmospheric structure and convective systems and also enables future systematic model-based ensemble analysis of cloud development, convection, and precipitation over the MC.
The effects of different environmental factors on the biochemical composition of particulate organic matter in Gwangyang Bay, South Korea
Authors: Lee Jang Han , Lee Dabin , Kang Jae Joong , Joo Hui Tae , Lee Jae Hyung , Lee Ho Won , Ahn So Hyun , Kang Chang Keun , Lee Sang Heon 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The biochemical composition of particulate organic matter (POM) produced through phytoplankton photosynthesis is important in determining food quality for planktonic consumers as well as the physiological conditions of phytoplankton. Major environmental factors controlling the biochemical composition were seasonally investigated in Gwangyang Bay, South Korea, which has only natural conditions (e.g., no artificial dams). Water samples for the biochemical compositions were obtained from three different light depths (100, 30, and 1 %) mainly at three sites in Gwangyang Bay from April 2012 to April 2013. Different biochemical classes (carbohydrates, CHO; proteins, PRT; and lipids, LIP) were extracted, and then the concentrations were determined by the optical density measured with a spectrophotometer. The highest and lowest PRT compositions among the three biochemical classes were found in April 2012 (58.0 %) and August 2012 (21.2 %), whereas the highest and lowest LIP compositions were found in August 2012 (49.0 %) and April 2012 (24.8 %), respectively. The CHO composition was recorded as high in January 2013 and remained above 25 % during the study period. The calorific contents of the food material (FM) ranged from 1.0 to 6.1 Kcal m−3 (annual average ± SD  =  2.8 ± 1.1 Kcal m−3). Based on a Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, a major governing factor in the biochemical composition of POM was dissolved inorganic nitrogen loading from the river input in Gwangyang Bay. In conclusion, a relatively larger amount of FM and the higher calorific contents of POM found in this study compared to other regions reflected good nutritive conditions for sustaining productive shellfish and fish populations in Gwangyang Bay. Continuous observations are needed to monitor the marine ecosystem response to potential environmental perturbations in Gwangyang Bay.
Susceptibility of Vascular Implants to Colonization in vitro by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: WOŹNIAK WITOLD , KOZIŃSKA ALEKSANDRA , CIOSTEK PIOTR , SITKIEWICZ IZABELA 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We compared association of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis with nine vascular implants after co-culture. Vascular implants were composed of various materials such as warp knitted polyester (with or without gelatin and silver ions), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and biological materials – surface treated porcine pericardial patch and Omniflow II. The lowest overall number of associated bacteria was detected for polytetrafluoroethylene implants and porcine pericardial patch. The highest overall number of associated bacteria was detected for Omniflow II implant. The major source of variation, i.e. primary factor influencing colonization, is the implant type (56.22%), bacterial species is responsible for only 1.81%, and interaction of those two factors – 13.09% of variation.
Trabzon’dan Ahşap Bir Cami Örneği: Of – Bölümlü Mithat Paşa Camii / A Wooden Mosque from Trabzon: Of – Bolumlu Mithat Pasha Mosque
Authors: Aydın Hasan , Perker Sevgen Z. 
Published: April 2017

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>Trabzon, which is located on the shore of Black Sea and one of the oldest centers in Anatolia, has included many cultural heritage factors due to its historical importance and background. Mosques have an important role in shaping cultural heritage of the region. One of them is a wooden mosque which located in Bolumlu suburban area at Of District in Trabzon province. The wooden mosque is one of the historical and important models in Anatolia in terms of wooden material use in the traditional architecture. The wooden material which has an important role in Black Sea Region's building culture was widely and ingeniously used on bearing systems and other components of Bolumlu Mithat Pasha Mosque. The objective of this study is to examine and promotion of this mosque’s architectural properties and discussion of current situation of this mosque. </p><p><strong>Öz </strong></p><p>Trabzon, geçirdiği tarihsel süreç nedeniyle çok sayıda kültürel miras unsurunu bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Sözü edilen kültürel miras unsurlarından bir tanesi de Trabzon’un Of İlçesi'ne bağlı Bölümlü Beldesi, Mithatpaşa Mahallesi’nde bulunan ve geleneksel mimaride ahşap kullanımının Anadolu'daki tarihi ve önemli örneklerinden bir tanesi olan camidir. Karadeniz Bölgesi yapı kültürü için önemli bir malzeme olan ahşap, Of Bölümlü Mithat Paşa Camii'nin hem taşıyıcı sisteminde hem de diğer elemanlarında ustalıkla kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu tarihi yapının mimari özelliklerinin araştırılması, tanıtılması ve güncel durumunun değerlendirilmesi bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır.<strong> </strong></p>
Hakîkat Yolcusunun Son Durağı: Nifferî’ye Göre Vakfe / The Final Destination of the Truth Seeker: Waqfah According to Al-Niffarî
Authors: Yıldız Mehmet 
Published: April 2017

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This study examines Islamic mysticism according to Abdu’l-Jabbar Al-Niffarî who has been accepted as an importing figure in Islamic mysticism and among the pioneers of Ibn Arabi in the history of Sufism. Niffarî, who lived in the fourth century (AH), couldn’t find much fame since he preferred a humble and individual life style. The recent academic researches have shed light on his deserved reputation. The first comprehensive study about Nifferî belongs to M. Mustafa Çakmaklıoğlu in Turkey, which I review in this paper. In this study, Çakmaklıoğlu intensely examines Niffarî’s life, works, and contribution to Sufi knowledge. The author tries to understand Niffarî, who uses a very vehement, dense, symbolic, and paradoxical language, through Ibn Arabi since he is familiar with his earlier works.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Bu çalışma Tasavvuf tarihinde İbn Arabî’nin öncülerinden kabul edilebilecek önemli bir sûfî olan Abdülcebbâr en-Nifferî’yi konu edinmektedir. Hicrî dördüncü asırda yaşayan Nifferî, yapı itibariyle münzevî ve münferit bir hayatı tercih ettiği için kendi döneminden itibaren Tasavvuf tarihinde pek şöhret bulmamıştır. Hak ettiği şöhreti ise yakın geçmişte kendisi üzerinde yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar sonucu elde etmiştir. Türkçe’de Nifferî hakkında yapılan ilk kapsamlı çalışma M. Mustafa ÇAKMAKLIOĞLU’na aittir. Çakmaklıoğlu bu çalışmasında Nifferî’nin hayatını, eserlerini ve Tasavvuf ilmine kazandırdığı <em>vakfe</em>, <em>mevkıf</em> kavramlarını derinlemesine işlemektedir. Yazar çok veciz, yoğun, sembolik, paradoksal bir dil kullanan Nifferî’yi daha önceki çalışmalarında aşina olduğu İbn Arabî üzerinden anlamaya çalışmaktadır. </p>
OS COMMONS TRADICIONAIS, COMMONS DO CONHECIMENTO E O OPEN ACCESS: UMA DISTINÇÃO NECESSÁRIA NA ERA DIGITAL.
Authors: Schirru Luca 
Published: April 2017

O presente estudo, através de uma análise bibliográfica, tem como objetivo principal apresentar três conceitos de grande relevância para o estudo acerca dos direitos de propriedade: os commons tradicionais e a existência de um feixe de direitos de propriedade sobre um determinado recurso comum, disseminados por Ostrom e Schlager (1992; 1996) e Ostrom (1999); os commons de conhecimento e os regimes open-acess.
Sob a perspectiva de melhor compreender as peculiaridades de cada recurso que será apresentado, o presente estudo se prestará a estabelecer distinções entre os commons tradicionais e de conhecimento, bem como o open-acess. Ainda, e apoiando-se nos estudos de Coriat (2011) será ressaltada a importância da existência de estruturas de governanças para garantir a durabilidade e sustentabilidade de determinados commons, a fim de evitar uma exploração exacerbada de um recurso natural (Tragédia dos Comuns) ou a subutilização de um recurso imaterial (Tragédia dos Anticommons).
A comparison of Aqua MODIS ice and liquid water cloud physical and optical properties between collection 6 and collection 5.1: Cloud radiative effects
Authors: Yi Bingqi , Rapp Anita D. , Yang Ping , Baum Bryan A. , King Michael D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn our companion study, we show how cloud property products change from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) collection 5.1 (C51) to collection 6 (C6) for both ice and liquid water clouds through a pixel‐to‐pixel comparison. However, the question remains as to the full impacts of these cloud property differences between collections on the inference of cloud radiative effects (CREs). In this study, we address this question from a modeling perspective using one year (2012) of MODIS gridded annual‐averaged ice/liquid water cloud properties at 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution. The rapid radiative transfer model for general circulation model applications is used to simulate the broadband radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere under clear‐sky and cloudy‐sky conditions. The shortwave, longwave, and net radiative effects of ice, liquid water, and total clouds are derived individually assuming different cloud optical property parameterization schemes. The results provide quantifications of ice and liquid water CRE contributions to the total CRE. We find significant differences in the simulated CREs between C6 and C51 for ice clouds (up to 23 W m−2 for the shortwave CRE) and liquid water clouds (approximately −4.5 W m−2 for the shortwave CRE). The C6 total CRE provides the closest match with the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Energy Balanced And Filled product. Sensitivity studies are performed to estimate the impacts of different ice optical parameterization schemes and multilayer cloud overlap assumptions. Results show that the C6–C51 CRE differences are larger than the CRE variations caused by the other factors.
Global relationship of fire occurrence and fire intensity: A test of intermediate fire occurrence‐intensity hypothesis
Authors: Luo Ruisen , Hui Dafeng , Miao Ning , Liang Chuan , Wells Nicholas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFire plays a significant role in global atmosphere and biosphere carbon and nutrient cycles. Globally, there are substantially different distributions and impacts between fire occurrence and fire intensity. It is prominent to have a thorough investigation of global relationship between fire occurrence and fire intensity for future fire prediction and management. In this study, we proposed an intermediate fire occurrence‐intensity (IFOI) hypothesis for the global relationship between fire occurrence and fire intensity, suggesting that fire occurrence changes with fire intensity following a humped relationship. We examined this hypothesis via satellite data from January 2001 to December 2013 at a global scale, and in small and large fire intensity zones, respectively. Furthermore, the fire occurrence and fire intensity relationship was developed among different vegetation types to reveal the changes of parameters and strengths. Finally, the environmental factors (including climatic, hydraulic, biological, and anthropogenic variables) underpinning the fire occurrence and intensity pattern were evaluated for the underlying mechanisms. The results supported our IFOI hypothesis and demonstrated that the humped relationship is driven by different causes among vegetation types. Fire occurrence increases with fire intensity in small fire intensity zones due to alleviation of the factors limiting both fire occurrence and intensity. Beyond a certain fire intensity threshold, fire occurrence is constrained, probably due to the limitation of available fuels. The information generated in this study could be helpful for understanding global variation of fire occurrence and fire intensity due to fire‐vegetation‐climate‐human interactions and facilitating future fire management.
Sensitivity of storm wave modeling to wind stress evaluation methods
Authors: Chen Yingjian , Yu Xiping 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe application of the wave boundary layer model (WBLM) for wind stress evaluation to storm wave modeling is studied using Hurricane Katrina (2005) as an example, which is chosen due to its great intensity and good availability of field data. The WBLM is based on the momentum and energy conservation equations and takes into account the physical details of air‐sea interaction processes as well as energy dissipation due to the presence of sea spray. Four widely‐used bulk‐type formulas are also used for comparison. Simulated significant wave heights with WBLM are shown to agree well with the observed data over deep water. The WBLM yields a smaller wind stress coefficient on the left hand side of the hurricane track, which is reasonable considering the effect of the sea state on momentum transfer. Quantitative results show that large differences of the significant wave height are observed in the hurricane core among five wind stress evaluation methods and the differences are up to 12 m, which is in agreement with the general knowlege that the ocean dynamic processes under storm conditions are very sensitive to the amount of momentum exchange at the air‐sea interface. However, it is the depth‐induced energy dissipation, rather than the wind energy input, that dominates the wave height in the shallow water region. A larger value of depth‐induced breaking parameter in the wave model results in better agreement with the measurements over shallow water.
Remagnetizations used to unravel large‐scale fold kinematics: A case study in the Cameros Basin (Northern Spain)
Authors: García‐Lasanta C. , Casas‐Sainz A. , Villalaín J. J. , Oliva‐Urcia B. , Mochales T. , Speranza F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe occurrence of a generalized remagnetization at 100 Ma makes the Cameros Basin, an 8 km thick Cretaceous extensional trough inverted during the Cenozoic, a perfect natural frame to apply paleomagnetic vectors to geometrical reconstructions. The widespread remagnetization that occurred between the extensional and compressional episodes, linked to low‐grade metamorphism, provides a tool to reconstruct the attitude of beds at the remagnetization time, thus giving a picture of basin geometry during the Cretaceous. This snapshot is compared with the present‐day geometry to constrain the large‐scale kinematic evolution of folds between these two stages. According to this methodology, a syncline, preinversion geometry of the sedimentary basin was determined and the position of its main axial surface was accurately located. Comparing with the present‐day, postinversion geometry, a northward hinge migration of around 5 km is inferred. This migration is the result of the southward back thrusting in the southern basin border, favored by the detachment level at the base of the Mesozoic cover. Conversely, the main northward directed thrust, which involved both the Paleozoic basement and the Mesozoic cover, did not significantly affect the internal structure of the basin in spite of its overall displacement of more than 20 km.
Outcome Reporting in Randomized Trials for Shoulder Disorders: Literature Review to Inform the Development of a Core Outcome Set
Authors: Page Matthew J. , Huang Hsiaomin , Verhagen Arianne P. , Gagnier Joel J. , Buchbinder Rachelle 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo explore the outcome domains and measurement instruments reported across randomized trials of any interventions for various shoulder disorders.MethodsWe searched for shoulder trials included in Cochrane reviews published up to Issue 10, 2015, or indexed in PubMed between 2006 and 2015. Trials were eligible for inclusion if they focused on any intervention for rotator cuff disease, adhesive capsulitis, shoulder instability, glenohumeral or acromioclavicular osteoarthritis, shoulder dislocation, proximal humeral or humeral head fractures, or unspecified shoulder pain. Two authors independently selected trials for inclusion and extracted information on the domains and measurement instruments reported, with consensus discussion among all authors where required.ResultsWe included 409 trials, published between 1954 and 2015. Across the trials, we identified 319 different instruments that were classified into 32 domains. Most trials reported a measure of pain (90%), range of motion (78%), and physical function (71%). The recording of adverse events was reported in only 31% of the trials. Muscle strength was reported in 44% of the trials and imaging outcomes in 21%. Other patient‐reported outcome measures, such as global assessment of treatment success, health‐related quality of life, work ability, and psychological functioning, were each reported in ≤15% of the trials. Most of the domains were reported at similar frequencies across different shoulder disorders.ConclusionThe domains and measurement instruments reported were widely diverse. Our results provide a foundation for the development of a core outcome set for use in future trials across all shoulder disorders.
Clinical outcomes in a cohort of patients with heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Kuter David J. , Konkle Barbara A. , Hamza Taye H. , Uhl Lynne , Assmann Susan F. , Kiss Joseph E. , Kaufman Richard M. , Key Nigel S. , Sachais Bruce S. , Hess John R. , Ness Paul , McCrae Keith R. , Leissinger Cindy , Strauss Ronald G. , McFarland Janice G. , Neufeld Ellis , Bussel James B. , Ortel Thomas L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a thrombotic disorder usually prompting treatment with non‐heparin anticoagulants. The benefits and risks of such treatments have not been fully assessed.MethodsWe analyzed data for 442 patients having a positive heparin‐platelet factor 4 antibody test and recent heparin exposure. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint (death, limb amputation/gangrene, or new thrombosis). Secondary outcomes included bleeding and the effect of anticoagulation.FindingsSeventy‐one patients (16%) had HIT with thrombosis (HIT‐T); 284 (64%) had HIT without thrombosis (isolated HIT); 87 (20%) did not have HIT. An intermediate or high “4T” score was found in 85%, 58%, and 8% of the three respective groups. Non‐heparin anticoagulation was begun in 80%, 56%, and 45%. The composite endpoint occurred in 48%, 36%, and 17% (P = .01) of which 61%, 38%, and 40% were receiving non‐heparin anticoagulation. Compared with the no HIT group, the composite endpoint was significantly more likely in HIT‐T [HR 2.48 (1.35‐4.55), P = .003)] and marginally more likely in isolated HIT [HR 1.66 (0.96‐2.85), P = .071]. Importantly, risk increased (HR 1.77, P = .02) after platelet transfusion. Major bleeding occurred in 48%, 36%, and 16% of the three groups (P = .005). Non‐heparin anticoagulation was not associated with a reduction in composite endpoint events in either HIT group.InterpretationHIT patients have high risks of death, limb amputation/gangrene, thrombosis, and bleeding. Non‐heparin anticoagulant treatment may not benefit all patients and should be considered only after careful assessment of the relative risks of thrombosis and bleeding in individual patients.