bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Substitution of 6‐Fluorothymine Nucleosides.
Authors: VON JANTA‐LIPINSKI M. , GAERTNER K. , LANGEN P. , MITTAG E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBromination of the title compound (I) yields the derivative (II), which reacts with weak nucleophiles like NaHCO3 to afford the monosubstituted product (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Mixed‐Acid Glycerophosphocholines.
Authors: HASEGAWA E. , ESHIMA K. , MATSUSHITA Y. , NISHIDE H. , TSUCHIDA E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStarting with 1‐O‐acyl‐2‐O‐benzyl‐glycerols (I), the title compounds (IX) are prepared in six steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Angiotensin II Analogues Containing α‐Alanine.
Authors: PARUSZEWSKI R. , MATUSIAK R. , JAWORSKI P. , GUMULKA S. , WISNIEWSKA I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe analogues (Ib)‐(Ic) of angiotensin II (Ia) are synthesized by the Merrifield solid phase method.
ChemInform Abstract: New Silver Ionic Superconductors, Ag7XS5Z (X: Si, Ge, Sn; Z: Cl, Br, I). A Structural Study.
Authors: CROS B. , LAQIBI M. , PEYTAVIN S. , RIBES M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe structure of Ag7GeS5I has been determined at ‐100 °C and compared to the room temp. structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Potentiometric Study of Heteropolyanion Formation from Telluric Acid and Molybdate Anion in 1 M Na(Cl).
Authors: YAGASAKI A. , SASAKI Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPotentiometric data in the H+‐MoO42‐‐Te(OH)6 system are interpreted in terms of the occurrence of three species (6, 6, 1), (7, 6, 1), and (8, 6, 1).
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Lithium on Reduction, Dispersion, and Hydrogenation Activity of Nickel on Alumina Catalysts.
Authors: NARAYANAN S. , UMA K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is demonstrated that the addition of up to 2 wt.% Li to the Al2O3 support improves the reducibility of Ni2+, the dispersion, and the metal area.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Water Exchange of the Isomeric Ammineaquachromium(III) Complexes, and Mechanism of Solvent‐Assisted Excited State Deactivation.
Authors: MOENSTED L. , MOENSTED O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe photoinduced H2O exchange reactions of the eight possible (Cr(NH3)6‐n(OH2)n)3+ (n = 0‐6) complexes have been studied in 1 M perchlorate medium (25 °C, 546 nm irradiation) using 18O‐labelling.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic and MCD Spectra of Linear Two‐Coordinate Dihalo‐, Halo(trialkylphosphine)‐, and Bis(triethylphosphine)gold(I) Complexes.
Authors: SAVAS M. M. , MASON W. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds (I)‐(IV) are investigated in MeCN at 20 °C. MCD spectra for (II)‐(IV) are reported for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Aminophosphinephosphinites. Application for Asymmetric Catalytic Reductions.
Authors: KARIM A. , MORTREUX A. , PETIT F. , BUONO G. , PFEIFFER G. , SIV C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe chiral aminophosphinephosphinite ligands (V) ‐ (VIII) are prepared by the reaction of chlorophosphine (IV) with optically active amino alcohols such as (III), which are obtained from the natural α‐amino acids (I) by reduction.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions. Part 93. The Astounding Reaction of Dimethyl 2,3‐Dicyanofumarate with Diazomethane.
Authors: HUISGEN R. , MITRA A. , MORAN J. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA detailed study of the reaction of the title compound (I) with diazomethane (II) leading finally to the products (VIIa), (VIIb), (VIIIa), (VIIIb) and (IX) is performed.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of N‐Chloroamines and Sulfenamides by Pyridine·SO3 in the Reactions with Alkenes.
Authors: ZEFIROV N. S. , ZYK N. V. , KUTATELADZE A. G. , KOLBASENKO S. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractN‐chloroamines and sulfenamides are known to react with SO3 at ‐80 °C to form an electrophilic reagent, which adds smoothly to alkenic bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of α,α,ω‐Trihydroperfluoroalkanols with Thionyl Chloride.
Authors: KROLEVETS A. A. , RAGULIN L. I. , POPOV A. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA 2:1‐molar mixture of the title compounds (I) and thionyl chloride reacts in the presence of catalytic amounts of FeCl3, AlCl3 or MgCl2 to give the bis‐polyfluoroalkyl sulfites (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Carbenic Decomposition of Functionally Substituted Diazoacetic Acid Esters. Part 2. 2‐Iodoethyl Diazoacetate.
Authors: SHAPIRO E. A. , ROMANOVA T. N. , DOLGII I. E. , NEFEDOV O. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe nucleophilic replacement of bromine in 2‐bromoethyl diazoacetate (I) gives the corresponding iodoethyl ester (II) which produce the functionalized cyclopropanes (IV) by carbene insertion reaction upon catalyzed thermodecomposition in the presence of the olefines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Quinonimines and Quinoid Macrocycles. Part 15. Bridged Bis(benzoquinonediimides) Containing Chlorine.
Authors: LOKMANE E. YA. , SARUL' E. A. , FREIMANIS YA. F. , MEDYNYA B. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds (III) and (IX) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Observations on the Reductive Deoxygenation of Aryl and α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Chlorotrimethylsilane and Zinc.
Authors: BANERJEE A. K. , SULBARAN DE CARRASCO M. C. , FRYDRYCH‐HOUGE C. S. V. , MOTHERWELL W. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSimultaneous addition of the ketones (I), (III), or (V) and chlorotrimethylsilane to zinc dust yields the dimers (II), (IV), or (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Photodimerization of Anthracene Derivative in Langmuir‐Blodgett Films.
Authors: OUCHI A. , TANAKA M. , NAKAMURA T. , MATSUMOTO M. , KAWABATA Y. , TOMIMASU S. , YABE A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe anthrylpropanoic acid (II) included in polymeric films is irradiated in the presence of oxygen to yield the endoperoxide (I).
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Substituted 2‐Methyl‐ and 2‐Methyleneindolines.
Authors: TOLMACHEV A. A. , TOLMACHEVA V. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 5‐substituted tetramethylindolines (I) are prepared from 1,2,3,3‐tetramethylindoline by common methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzindoles. Part 24. Reduction of Nitro‐2,3‐dimethyl(4,5)‐ and Nitro‐ 2,3‐dimethyl(6,7)benzindoles.
Authors: ZHILINA O. D. , VASIL'EV A. M. , SHAGALOV L. B. , SUVOROV N. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNitration of 2,3‐dimethyl(6,7)benzindole (I) gives the 9‐nitro compound (II) which is reduced to the corresponding 9‐amino derivative (III) by treatment with hydrazine hydrate and Raney nickel.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 1‐Methyl‐4‐imino‐5,5‐dialkylthiohydantoines.
Authors: ZOLOTOI A. B. , D'YACHENKO O. A. , ATOVMYAN L. O. , POLYAKOV A. I. , MEDVEDEVA L. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe imidazolium salt (I), prepared from benzylisonitrile, thiocyanic acid, cyclohexanone, and methylamine as reported earlier, is thermally rearranged to give the title compound (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antisecretory and Antiulcer Activities of Derivatives and Analogues of 2‐(2‐Pyridyl)tetrahydrothiophene‐2‐carbothioamide.
Authors: ALOUP J.‐C. , BOUCHAUDON J. , FARGE D. , JAMES C. , DEREGNAUCOURT J. , HARDY‐HOUIS M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe pyridines (VI), which are substituted by six‐membered heterocyclic rings, are prepared from the chloromethylpyridine hydrochloride (I) or the pyridine aldehyde (VII) and transformed into the thioamide derivatives (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Solvent Effect in an Intramolecular Diels‐Alder Reaction.
Authors: HANDA S. , JONES K. , NEWTON C. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThermolysis of the triene (I) produces a mixture of the intramolecular Diels‐Alder adducts (II) and the isomer (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Fluoro‐ and 8‐Fluorotrimetoquinol: Selective β2‐Adrenoceptor Agonists.
Authors: CLARK M. T. , ADEJARE A. , SHAMS G. , FELLER D. R. , MILLER D. D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract2‐Fluoro‐6‐methoxy‐phenol (II) is transformed into the bis(benzyloxy)fluorobenzyl cyanide (Vb).
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolophenanthridines. Part 1. Synthesis and 1H and 13C NMR Spectra of 1H‐Pyrrolo(2,3‐c)‐ and 1H‐Pyrrolo(3,2‐i)phenanthridine.
Authors: FROLOVA E. P. , AKHVLEDIANI R. N. , KRASNOKUTSKII S. N. , KURKOVSKAYA L. N. , SUVOROV N. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds (IV) and (VIII) are prepared and characterized mainly by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Indoles. Part 3. Lactamization of 4,9‐Dihydropyrano(3,4‐b)indol‐1(3H)‐ ones. A New Synthetic Route to the β‐Carboline Ring System.
Authors: LEHMANN J. , GHONEIM K. M. , EL‐GENDY A. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe indololactones (I) react with the amines (II) or (V), producing the cyclic products (III) and the open‐chain products (VI) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Phosphorus Trichloride with 1,1,2‐Trichloro‐1‐nitrosoethane in Sulfur Dioxide.
Authors: MARTYNOV I. V. , IVANOV A. N. , EPISHINA T. A. , SOKOLOV V. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title reaction gives the O‐ethylimino dichlorophosphate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of N‐B‐ and P‐B‐Bonded BH3 Adducts of Me2PNMe2.
Authors: KANJOLIA R. K. , WATKINS C. L. , KRANNICH L. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of Me2P‐NMe2 with BH3·THF is investigated as a function of temp. and time for mol ratios of 1:0.5 to 1:3.0.
ChemInform Abstract: Substitution and Redistribution Reactions of the Tetranuclear Clusters ((μ‐SePh)6(ZnSePh)4)2‐ and ((μ‐SePh)6(ZnX)4)2‐: A 77Se NMR Study.
Authors: DEAN P. A. W. , VITTAL J. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAt 296 K, the cluster (I) gives a slow‐exchange 77Se NMR spectrum consistent with its adamantoid structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Extremely Facile and Stereoselective Preparation of Allylstannanes with Use of Ultrasound.
Authors: NARUTA Y. , NISHIGAICHI Y. , MARUYAMA K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUltrasound irradiation accelerates the formation of the allylstannanes (III) from the allylic chlorides (I) and tributyltin chloride (II) in the presence of magnesium.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Dithioferrocenophane with a vic‐Dioxime Moiety in the Bridging Chain.
Authors: ERTAS M. , KORAY A. R. , AHSEN V. , BEKAROGLU Æ. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe ferrocene dithiolate (I) reacts with dichloroglyoxime (II) to give a mixture of amphi and anti‐dithiabis(hydroxyimino)ferrocenophanes (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Tetracycline Adducts with 3d Metal Perchlorates.
Authors: MIKULSKI C. M. , FLEMING J. , FLEMING D. , KARAYANNIS N. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn refluxing ethanol, dehydrated 3d metal perchlorates react with tetracycline L to give products which, on the basis of spectral (IR, UV), magnetic and conductance data, are formulated as (I) and (II) involving MO6 and MO5 chromophore, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Mono‐, Di‐, and Tetra‐Aurated Derivatives of Barbituric Acid, Including a New Type of Polynuclear Gold Compound. Crystal Structure of 1,3‐Bis‐(triphenylphosphinegold)‐5,5‐diethylbarbituric Acid.
Authors: BONATI F. , BURINI A. , PIETRONI B. R. , BOVIO B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBarbituric acid (Ia) and its derivatives (Ib) and (Ic) react with the gold chloride complexes (II) to form the mono‐, di‐, and tetra‐aurated products (III) ‐ (VI), which can be characterized by their IR‐, 1H‐, 13C‐, and 31P‐NMR‐data.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Rhodium‐Oxometalate Catalysts.
Authors: SIEDLE A. R. , MARKELL C. G. , LYON P. A. , HODGSON K. O. , ROE A. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNovel Keggin ion derivatives (III) and (IV) which contain coordinatively unsaturated ((Ph3O)2Rh(CO))+ units are prepared by a new synthetic route.
ChemInform Abstract: Rigid, Laterally‐Bridged Bis‐porphyrin Systems.
Authors: CROSSLEY M. J. , BURN P. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe dioxotetraphenylchlorins (I) and the benzenetetramine tetrahydrochloride (II) are combined to give the bisporphyrins (IIIa) and (IIIb) which are transformed to the bismetallo compounds (IIIc) ‐ (IIIe).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of anti‐β‐Hydroxy‐α‐amino Acids.
Authors: EVANS D. A. , SJOGREN E. B. , WEBER A. E. , CONN R. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe N‐haloacetyloxazolidinones (I) are stereoselectively coupled with the aldehydes (II) in the presence of dibutylboryl trifluoroacetate (III), producing the derivatives (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclitol Reactions. Part 13. Synthesis of Pseudosugars from D‐Glucose by Intramolecular Horner‐Emmons Olefination.
Authors: PAULSEN H. , VON DEYN W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe acetal (Ib) (obtained from D‐glucose diethyl dithioacetal via the derivative (Ia)) is transformed to the enone (III) via the intermediates (IIa)‐(IIc) (diastereomeric mixtures).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Stereochemistry of a New Spiro Glycosylidene Heterocycle from the Reaction of 1‐Bromoglycosyl Cyanides with S‐Nucleophiles: Complete Identification of Hydrogen Bridges by NMR Methods and X‐Ray Analysis.
Authors: SOMSAK L. , BATTA G. , FARKAS I. , PARKANYI L. , KALMAN A. , SOMOGYI A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhereas the reaction of the compounds (Ia) or (IIa) with the amino thiol (III) yields the derivatives (Ib) or (IIb), reaction with the amino thiol (IV) leads to substitution of bromine with concomitant addition of the amino group to the cyano group to afford the spiro compounds (V) or (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: A Time‐Resolved Study of Singlet Molecular Oxygen (1δgO2) Formation in a Solution‐Phase Photosensitized Reaction: A New Experimental Technique to Examine the Dynamics of Quenching by Oxygen.
Authors: IU K.‐K. , OGILBY P. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA new experimental technique is developed which can be used to detect the near‐IR phosphorescence of 1ΔgO2 (3∑g‐ O2 ← 1ΔgO2: 1270 nm, 7874 cm‐1) in a solution‐phase time‐resolved experiment.
ChemInform Abstract: Cr2Ge2Te6: High Thermoelectric Performance from Layered Structure with High Symmetry.
Authors: Yang Dingfeng , Yao Wei , Chen Qiufan , Peng Kunling , Jiang Pengfei , Lu Xu , Uher Ctirad , Yang Tao , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaoyuan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPolycrystalline Cr2Ge2Te6 is prepared by repeated sintering of a stoichiometric mixture of the elements (evacuated quartz tubes, 973 K, 30 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Zinc‐Ion Intercalation Properties and Crystal Structures of ZnMo6S8 and Zn2Mo6S8 Chevrel Phases in Aqueous Electrolytes.
Authors: Chae Munseok S. , Heo Jongwook W. , Lim Sung‐Chul , Hong Seung‐Tae 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title phases are prepared by electrochemical Zn2+ ion intercalation into Mo6S8 in ZnSO4 solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Boron Complex‐Promoted Asymmetric Diels—Alder Cycloaddition and Its Application in Natural Product Synthesis.
Authors: Li Xia , Han Jianguang , Jones Alexander X. , Lei Xiaoguang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA preformed chiral boron‐complex including a VANOL‐type ligand is efficiently employed as catalyst for the enantioselective Diels—Alder reaction of 2‐hydroxychalcones [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Trichloromethylthiolation of N‐Heterocycles: Practical and Completely Regioselective.
Authors: Ernst Johannes B. , Ruehling Andreas , Wibbeling Birgit , Glorius Frank 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFor the first time, a broad range of indoles and pyrroles are trichloromethylthiolated using a bench‐stable N‐trichloromethylthiosaccharin as reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Several BINOL‐Based Polymeric Ligands for the Enantioselective Addition of Triethylaluminium to Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Liu Dacai , Ouyang Kunbing , Yang Nianfa 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title reaction is accomplished using polystyrene‐supported BINOL ligands in the presence of titanium isopropoxide as catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine Ligands Stabilized Cu(I) Catalysts for Carbene Insertion into the N—H Bond.
Authors: Ramakrishna Kankanala , Sivasankar Chinnappan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDifferent phosphine stabilized Cu(I) complexes are used for the chemoselective carbene insertion into the N—H bond of anilines.
ChemInform Abstract: A Gold‐Catalyzed A3 Coupling/Cyclization/Elimination Sequence as Versatile Tool for the Synthesis of Furfuryl Alcohol Derivatives from Glyceraldehyde and Alkynes.
Authors: Li Jian , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Xie Jin , Hashmi. A. Stephen K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAuBr3‐catalyzed reaction of glyceraldehyde, alkyne, and morpholine forms a homopropargylic alcohol intermediate, which undergoes cyclization and aromatization by elimination of amine to produce furfuryl alcohols (III).
ChemInform Abstract: [2 + 2 + 2]‐Cyclotrimerization of 1‐Cyclopropyl‐1,6‐diynes with Alkynes: Formation of Cyclopropylarenes.
Authors: Matousova Eliska , Gyepes Robert , Cisarova Ivana , Kotora Martin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe cyclotrimerization of 1,6‐diyne (I) with a wide range of alkynes provides two regioisomeric products (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Roles of the Pyrimidyl Group in the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis and Functionalization of Indole‐3‐carboxylic Acid Esters.
Authors: Jiang Hui , Gao Shang , Xu Jinyi , Wu Xiaoming , Lin Aijun , Yao Hequan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPyrimidyl as a directing group plays a crucial role in the reaction of anilines and diazo compounds to form indole‐3‐carboxylic acid ester and in the regioselective functionalization of the products at C‐7.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Gold‐ and Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent C—H Alkynylation of 2‐Pyridones.
Authors: Li Yunyun , Xie Fang , Li Xingwei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the presence of Au(I) the C—H alkynylation of 2‐pyridones occurs at the most electron‐rich 5‐position via an electrophilic alkynylation pathway while the selectivity is switched to the 6‐position under assistance of an N‐chelation group when a Rh(III) catalyst is employed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazolyl‐4‐phosphonate Through Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 5‐Iodo‐1,2,3‐triazolyl‐4‐phosphonate.
Authors: Thiery Emilie , You Vanny , Mora Anne‐Sophie , Abarbri Mohamed 
Published: May 2016

Abstract5‐Aryl, 5‐heteroaryl‐, or 5‐alkenyl‐1,2,3‐triazolyl‐4‐phosphonates are obtained by Suzuki or Stille cross‐coupling reaction.
Thermal Acclimatization in Overwintering Tadpoles of the Green Frog, Lithobates clamitans (Latreille, 1801)
Authors: Gray Kathryn T. , Escobar Astrid M. , Schaeffer Paul J. , Mineo Patrick M. , Berner Nancy J. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTSeasonal acclimatization permits organisms to maintain function in the face of environmental change. Tadpoles of the green frog (Lithobates clamitans) overwinter as tadpoles in much of their range. Because they are active in winter, we hypothesized that green frog tadpoles would display acclimatization of metabolic and locomotor function. We collected tadpoles in Sewanee, Tennessee (35.2°N) in winter and summer. Tadpoles collected during each season were tested at both winter (8°C) and summer (26°C) temperatures. Winter tadpoles were able to maintain swimming performance at both temperatures, whereas swimming performance decreased at cold temperatures in summer tadpoles. There was no evidence for seasonal acclimatization of whole‐animal metabolic rate. Although whole‐animal metabolic acclimatization was not observed, the activities of cytochrome c oxidase, citrate synthase, and lactate dehydrogenase measured in skeletal muscle homogenates showed higher activity in winter‐acclimatized tadpoles indicating compensation for temperature. Further, the composition of muscle membranes of winter tadpoles had less saturated and more monounsaturated fatty acids and a higher ω‐3 balance, unsaturation index, and peroxidation index than summer tadpoles. These data indicate that reversible phenotypic plasticity of thermal physiology occurs in larval green frog tadpoles. They appear to compensate for colder temperatures to maintain burst‐swimming velocity and the ability to escape predators without the cost of maintaining a constant, higher standard metabolic rate in the winter.
Transient expression of the diseased phenotype of osteoarthritic chondrocytes in engineered cartilage
Authors: Silverstein Amy M. , Stoker Aaron M. , Ateshian Gerard A. , Bulinski J. Chloe , Cook James L. , Hung Clark T. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTDue to the degradation of osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage in post‐traumatic OA (PTOA), these tissues are challenging to study and manipulate in vitro. In this study, chondrocytes isolated from either PTOA (meniscal‐release (MR) model) or normal (contralateral limb) cartilage of canine knee joints were used to form micropellets to assess the maintenance of the OA chondrocyte phenotype in vitro. Media samples from the micropellet cultures were used to measure matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), chemokine, and cytokine concentrations. Significant differences in matrix synthesis were observed as a function of disease with OA chondrocytes generally synthesizing more extracellular matrix with increasing time in culture. No donor dependent differences were detected. Luminex multiplex analysis of pellet culture media showed disease and time‐dependent differences in interleukin (IL)‐8, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC)‐like protein, MMP‐1, MMP‐2, and MMP‐3, which are differentially expressed in OA. This memory of their diseased phenotype persists for the first 2 weeks of culture. These results demonstrate the potential to use chondrocytes from an animal model of OA to study phenotype alterations during the progression and treatment of OA. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:829–836, 2017.
The Estimation of Phytoplankton Production in the Ocean from Chlorophyll and Light Data1
Authors: RYTHER J. H. , YENTSCH C. S. 
Published: May 2016

The relationship was determined between photosynthetic rate at light saturation and chlorophyll content in natural populations and cultures of marine phytoplankton. A mean value of 3.7 g C assimilated/hour/g chlorophyll was obtained from the experimental results and from data present in the literature.A method is described by means of which organic production beneath a unit of sea surface may be estimated from the chlorophyll content of the water, the total daily solar radiation reaching the sea surface, and the extinction coefficient of visible light in the water column. Production values calculated by this method are compared with values obtained by in situ productivity measurements.
Post‐cracking shear strength and deformability of HSS‐UHPFRC beams
Authors: Qi Jia‐Nan , Ma Zhongguo John , Wang Jing‐Quan , Liu Tong‐Xu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEleven T‐beams, reinforced with high strength steel, were tested to failure to investigate the effect of shear span to depth ratio, fibre ratio, fibre type, concrete strength and stirrup ratio on the shear behaviour, especially post‐cracking shear strength and deformability, of ultra‐high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) beams. Test results indicated that fibres were efficient not only in enhancing the post‐cracking shear strength, but also in improving the post‐cracking deformability of UHPFRC beams. In addition, fibres could bridge the cracks and help in redistributing and homogenizing the concrete stress beside the cracks, allowing more short fine diagonal shear cracks with small spacing to develop around the existing cracks. A moderate amount of stirrups can effectively restrain shear cracks and allow more parallel diagonal shear cracks to develop and propagate thoroughly within the shear span. The stiffness of the UHPFRC beams at ultimate state was about 50 % of initial beam stiffness, which was considerable in strength calculations and ductility analysis, especially in seismic performance evaluation. Lastly, the current shear provisions were evaluated using the experimental results.