bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclotomy and the heptadecagon
Authors: Shiu Peter 
Published: June 2016

Cyclotomy is concerned with the division of a circle into a given number of equal segments, amounting to the construction of a regular polygon, say a q-gon, so that we need to deliver the angle α = 2π / q, or the length cos α. The construction is by Euclidean means, which make use of only ruler and compasses. Now, from given lengths, sums and differences of lengths are easy to obtain and, with the compasses, products and quotients of lengths can be obtained from similar triangles using parallel lines; indeed even the length can be obtained by applying the intersecting chord theorem to a circle with diameter 1 + a. However, there is not much else one can do with the compasses, so that the length cos α has to come from the real roots of a sequence of quadratic equations with ‘suitable’ coefficients — the meaning of being suitable will be made clear later.Gauss made the first significant contribution to the classical theory of cyclotomy in Article 365 of his famous Disquisitiones Arithmeticae [1] in 1801. He showed that the construction is possible if q = p is a Fermat prime, that is a prime of the form 22n + 1; see §7 for a necessary and sufficient condition for q. The only known Fermat primes are p = 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537; the cases p = 3, 5 and 17 correspond to the construction of the equilateral triangle, the regular pentagon, and the regular heptadecagon, the details for which Gauss gave.
Larval development of the cat lungworm Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in the tropical freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata
Authors: ZOTTLER EVA-MARIA , SCHNYDER MANUELA 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYAelurostrongylus abstrususis a worldwide occurring lungworm affecting felids. This metastrongyloid nematode has an indirect lifecycle relying on slugs and snails as intermediate hosts. In the present study the development of first-stage (L1) to third-stage larvae (L3) in the tropical freshwater pulmonate snailBiomphalaria glabratawas assessed. A total of 306 snails were individually exposed to 300A. abstrususL1, which were obtained from a naturally infected stray cat. The species was confirmed by biomolecular analysis. Second stage larvae (L2) and L3 were first isolated by artificial digestion of snails in the second and fourth week post exposure (wpe), respectively. From 8 wpe onwards, all larvae had developed into L3. Snails remained infected for up to 26 wpe. Only 0.4% of the L1 had pursued their development into L3, indicating low suitability of this artificial intermediate host for production of infectiveA. abstrususL3.
Diversity of a Different Kind: Gentrification and Its Impact on Social Capital and Political Participation in Black Communities
Authors: Newman Benjamin J. , Velez Yamil , Pearson-Merkowitz Shanna 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe literature examining the effect of residential integration on political behavior primarily focuses on how whites react to the entrance of non-whites into their communities. Over the past few decades however, the process of “white return” to urban centers throughout the nation has created the opportunity to invert the standard approach to studying racial context by exploring how minorities react to the entrance of whites into their communities. We adapt realistic conflict theories to the case of gentrification, and offer a model of the effect of white in-migration on social capital (SC) and political engagement in black communities. We demonstrate that white population growth erodes SC in black neighborhoods only where the larger surrounding community is majority black, and where such growth is accompanied by rising housing costs. Further, we find that residing in a gentrifying context, by eroding social capital, ultimately results in the political demobilization of black citizens.
The effects oftrans-fatty acids on TAG regulation in mice depend on dietary unsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Saín Juliana , González Marcela Aída , Lavandera Jimena Verónica , Scalerandi María Victoria , Bernal Claudio Adrián 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects oftrans-fatty acids (TFA) on liver and serum TAG regulation in mice fed diets containing different proportions ofn-3,n-6 andn-9 unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) from olive (O), maize (C) or rapeseed (R) oils partially substituted or not with TFA (Ot, Ct and Rt, respectively). Male CF1 mice were fed (30 d) one of these diets. The effects of the partial substitution (1 %, w/w) of different UFA with TFA on the activity and expression of hepatic enzymes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acids oxidation were evaluated, as well as their transcription factor expressions. Some of the mechanisms involved in the serum TAG regulation, hepatic VLDL rich in TAG (VLDL-TAG) secretion rate and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity were assessed. In liver, TFA induced an increase in TAG content in the Ot and Rt groups, and this effect was associated with an imbalance between lipogenesis andβ-oxidation. In the Ot group, exacerbated lipogenesis may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the liver steatosis induced by TFA, whereas in Rt it has been related to a decreasedβ-oxidation, compared with their respective controls. The enhanced hepatic VLDL-TAG secretion in the Ot and Rt groups was compensated with a differential removal of TAG by LPL enzyme in extrahepatic tissues, leading to unchanged serum TAG levels. In brief, the effects of low levels of TFA on liver and serum TAG regulation in mice depend on the dietary proportions ofn-3,n-6 andn-9 UFA.
A PCR-based diagnostic assay for detecting DNA of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, in the gut of soil-living arthropods
Authors: Rejili M. , Fernandes T. , Dinis A.M. , Pereira J.A. , Baptista P. , Santos S.A.P. , Lino-Neto T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is considered the most devastating pest of the olive tree worldwide. In an effort to develop management and biological control strategies against this pest, new molecular tools are urgently needed. In this study, we present the design of B. oleae-specific primers based on mitochondrial DNA sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Two pairs of B. oleae-specific primers were successfully designed and named as SBo1-F/SBo1-R and SBo2-F/SBo1-R, being able to amplify 108 and 214 bp COI fragments, respectively. The specificity of designed primers was tested by amplifying DNA from phylogenetically related (i.e. Diptera order) and other non-pest insects living in olive groves from the Mediterranean region. When using these primers on a PCR-based diagnostic assay, B. oleae DNA was detected in the gut content of a soil-living insect, Pterostichus globosus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). The detection of B. oleae DNA in the guts of arthropods was further optimized by adding bovine serum albumin enhancer to the PCR reaction, in order to get a fast, reproducible and sensitive tool for detecting B. oleae remains in the guts of soil-living arthropods. This molecular tool could be useful for understanding pest–predator relationships and establishing future biological control strategies for this pest.
Earth's oldest jellyfish strandings: a unique taphonomic window or just another day at the beach?
Authors: SAPPENFIELD AARON D. , TARHAN LIDYA G. , DROSER MARY L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDiscoidal macrofossils reported herein from the lower Cambrian Zabriskie Quartzite (Great Basin, western United States) record the oldest Phanerozoic medusozoan body fossils, as well as the oldest medusozoan stranding event on record. Moreover, these fossils provide evidence of a significant shift in the taphonomic mode characteristic of preservation of nonmineralized taxa in coarse-grained siliciclastic successions near the onset of the Phanerozoic. Taphonomic and sedimentological evidence recorded by these and younger examples of stranded Cambrian medusae is consistent in suggesting that several of the requirements for preservation of these fossils were holdovers from the Ediacaran Period, including the presence of microbial mats and a lack of carcass disturbance by scavenging and/or bioturbating taxa. To shed further light upon the taphonomic factors necessary for the preservation of Cambrian medusae, we compared the biostratinomy and sedimentology of Cambrian medusa strandings to those of Ediacara Biota assemblages from lithologically similar successions. We find key secular disparities in the taphonomic histories of these two types of fossil assemblage. Inconsistencies between the preservational styles characteristic of fossil assemblages preserved in sandstone lithofacies on each side of the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary are explained by a considerable change in the preferred depositional setting in which these macrofossil assemblages are preserved. Thus, rather than documenting a single taphonomic continuum through the Precambrian–Cambrian transition, the Zabriskie and younger medusozoan body fossil assemblages record the advent of an entirely new, yet still very rarely exploited, taphonomic window exclusive to the Cambrian Period.
THE CESÀRO OPERATOR IN THE FRÉCHET SPACES ℓp+ANDLp−
Authors: ALBANESE ANGELA A. , BONET JOSÉ , RICKER WERNER J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe classical spaces ℓp+, 1 ≤p< ∞, andLp−, 1<p≤ ∞, arecountably normed, reflexive Fréchet spaces in which the Cesàro operatorCacts continuously. A detailed investigation is made of various operator theoretic properties ofC(e.g., spectrum, point spectrum, mean ergodicity) as well as certain aspects concerning the dynamics ofC(e.g., hypercyclic, supercyclic, chaos). This complements the results of [3,4], whereCwas studied in the spaces ℂℕ,Lploc(ℝ+) for 1 <p< ∞ andC(ℝ+), which belong to a very different collection of Fréchet spaces, calledquojections; these are automatically Banach spaces whenever they admit a continuous norm.
Is weekend surgery a risk factor for post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage?
Authors: Patel A , Foden N , Rachmanidou A 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground:Tonsillectomy is a common, low-risk procedure. Post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage remains the most serious complication. Recent nationwide studies in the UK have identified an increased morbidity and mortality for both high-risk and low-risk elective general surgery performed at the weekend.Methods:Data for tonsillectomies performed at a district general hospital over a three-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The same group of surgeons performed elective tonsillectomies on both weekends and weekdays. All patients who developed a post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage were identified and the day of original operation was noted.Results:Between 2010 and 2013, 2208 (94.00 per cent) elective tonsillectomies were performed on a weekday and 141 (6.00 per cent) were performed on the weekend. Post-tonsillectomy haemorrhages occurred in 104 patients (4.71 per cent) who underwent their procedure on a weekday and in 10 patients (7.09 per cent) who had their surgery at the weekend (p = 0.20).Conclusion:There is no difference in the rate of post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage for procedures performed on a weekday or weekend.
Cochlear implantation in elderly patients: stability of outcome over time
Authors: Hilly O , Hwang E , Smith L , Shipp D , Nedzelski J M , Chen J M , Lin V W Y 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground:Cochlear implantation is the standard of care for treating severe to profound hearing loss in all age groups. There is limited data on long-term results in elderly implantees and the effect of ageing on outcomes. This study compared the stability of cochlear implantation outcome in elderly and younger patients.Methods:A retrospective chart review of cochlear implant patients with a minimum follow up of five years was conducted.Results:The study included 87 patients with a mean follow up of 6.8 years. Of these, 22 patients were older than 70 years at the time of implantation. Hearing in Noise Test scores at one year after implantation were worse in the elderly: 85.3 (aged under 61 years), 80.5 (61–70 years) and 73.6 (aged over 70 years;p= 0.039). The respective scores at the last follow up were 84.8, 85.1 and 76.5 (p= 0.054). Most patients had a stable outcome during follow up. Of the elderly patients, 13.6 per cent improved and none had a reduction in score of more than 20 per cent. Similar to younger patients, elderly patients had improved Short Form 36 Health Survey scores during follow up.Conclusion:Cochlear implantation improves both audiometric outcome and quality of life in elderly patients. These benefits are stable over time.
A generalisation of Archimedes' method
Authors: Kirfel Christoph 
Published: June 2016

Archimedes developed a method for calculating the area of a segment of a parabola. This result was outstanding in mathematical antiquity. The idea and the method were not developed further until nearly 1800 years later. In our article his method is presented in modem notation using modem concepts. We show that the method generalises to curves of higher order. Many of Archimedes' arguments can be used without any adjustments and thus show the strength of his original approach.The mathematician from Syracuse, Archimedes (born about 287 BC, died 212 BC), developed a method for the calculation of the area of a segment of the parabola.
The Collar Revolution: Everyday Clothing in Guangdong as Resistance in the Cultural Revolution
Authors: Sun Peidong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractScholars have paid little attention to Maoist forces and legacies, and especially to the influences of Maoism on people's everyday dress habits during the Cultural Revolution. This article proposes that people's everyday clothing during that time – a period that has often been regarded as the climax of homogenization and asceticism – became a means of resistance and expression. This article shows how during the Cultural Revolution people dressed to express resistance, whether intentionally or unintentionally, and to reflect their motivations, social class, gender and region. Drawing on oral histories collected from 65 people who experienced the Cultural Revolution and a large number of photographs taken during that period, the author aims to trace the historical source of fashion from the end of the 1970s to the 1980s in Guangdong province. In so doing, the author responds to theories of socialist state discipline, everyday cultural resistance, individualism and the nature of resistance under Mao's regime.
Micropylar seed coat restraint and embryonic response to heat shock and smoke control seed dormancy in Grevillea juniperina
Authors: Briggs Candida L. , Morris E. Charles , Stone Glenn 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSeeds of some eastern Australian Grevillea species show the characteristics of non-deep physiological dormancy, which is broken by exposure to heat shock and/or smoke. The current study tested whether the restrictive effect of the seed coat on germination was localized to specific regions, whether the fire cues affected the growth potential of the embryo, the mechanical strength of the seed coat itself, and the anatomy of fracturing of the seed coat. Removal of the micropylar seed coat allowed germination, while retaining it in place restricted germination. The growth potential of the embryo was increased by exposure to heat shock or to smoke, and increased the most if exposed to both cues. Estimation of the minimum force required by embryos to germinate from intact seeds suggested that this force was reduced for seeds treated with fire cues. The fire cues did not affect the resistance of the seed coat to compressive force when tested after 24 h of imbibition. Fracturing of the seed coat occurred between cell walls, except for the palisade layer, where fracturing occurred across palisade and sclerenchyma cells. While the micropylar end of the seed coat imposes dormancy, most likely by mechanical constraint, heat shock and smoke overcome dormancy by increasing the embryo's growth potential and possibly weakening the seed coat, either directly or via the embryo.
Influence of an intervention targeting a reduction in sugary beverage intake on the δ13C sugar intake biomarker in a predominantly obese, health-disparate sample
Authors: Davy Brenda M , Jahren A Hope , Hedrick Valisa E , You Wen , Zoellner Jamie M 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveControversy exists surrounding the health effects of added sugar (AS) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intakes, primarily due to a reliance on self-reported dietary intake. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine if a 6-month intervention targeting reduced SSB intake would impact δ13C AS intake biomarker values.DesignA randomized controlled intervention trial. At baseline and at 6 months, participants underwent assessments of anthropometrics and dietary intake. Fasting fingerstick blood samples were obtained and analysed for δ13C value using natural abundance stable isotope MS. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, correlational analyses and multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analysis using an intention-to-treat approach.SettingRural Southwest Virginia, USA.SubjectsAdults aged ≥18 years who consumed ≥200 kcal SSB/d (≥837 kJ/d) were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n 155) or a matched-contact group (n 146). Participants (mean age 42·1 (sd 13·4) years) were primarily female and overweight (21·5 %) or obese (57·0 %).ResultsA significant group by time difference in δ13C value was detected (P<0·001), with mean (sd) δ13C value decreasing in the intervention group (pre: −18·92 (0·65) ‰, post: −18·97 (0·65) ‰) and no change in the comparison group (pre: −18·94 (0·72) ‰, post: −18·92 (0·73) ‰). Significant group differences in weight and BMI change were also detected. Changes in biomarker δ13C values were consistent with changes in self-reported AS and SSB intakes.ConclusionsThe δ13C sugar intake biomarker assessed using fingerstick blood samples shows promise as an objective indicator of AS and SSB intakes which could be feasibly included in community-based research trials.
The Legitimate Regulatory Distinction Test: Incomplete and Inadequate for the Particular Purposes of the TBT Agreement
Authors: HOUSTON-MCMILLAN JASON 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPrior to 2011, the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade had been somewhat neglected as a dispute-settlement mechanism, due in part to the lack of previous interpretation of the Agreement by WTO DSB Panels. In 2012, the Appellate Body adjudicated on three TBT disputes:US–Clove Cigarettes, US–Tuna II, andUS–COOL, aiming to officially interpret and clarify Articles 2.1 and 2.2 of the Agreement by creating a distinct test for a measure's consistency with these Articles. This paper explores the relevant decisions of both the Panel and Appellate Body in the three disputes which led to the creation of the ‘legitimate regulatory distinction’ test. The substance behind this phrase, placed in context, is dissected along with the associated idea of ‘even-handedness’. The test attempts to simplify future interpretations regarding what will constitute unjustifiable discrimination, but at the cost of the necessary distinction between the GATT and the TBT Agreement being blurred. The result is a test which is incomplete and which fails to take account of the special circumstances surrounding the TBT Agreement.
High-throughput automated home-cage mesoscopic functional imaging of mouse cortex
Authors: Murphy Timothy H. , Boyd Jamie D. , Bolaños Federico , Vanni Matthieu P. , Silasi Gergely , Haupt Dirk , LeDue Jeff M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMouse head-fixed behaviour coupled with functional imaging has become a powerful technique in rodent systems neuroscience. However, training mice can be time consuming and is potentially stressful for animals. Here we report a fully automated, open source, self-initiated head-fixation system for mesoscopic functional imaging in mice. The system supports five mice at a time and requires minimal investigator intervention. Using genetically encoded calcium indicator transgenic mice, we longitudinally monitor cortical functional connectivity up to 24 h per day in >7,000 self-initiated and unsupervised imaging sessions up to 90 days. The procedure provides robust assessment of functional cortical maps on the basis of both spontaneous activity and brief sensory stimuli such as light flashes. The approach is scalable to a number of remotely controlled cages that can be assessed within the controlled conditions of dedicated animal facilities. We anticipate that home-cage brain imaging will permit flexible and chronic assessment of mesoscale cortical function.
Structural Studies of a Lipid-Binding Peptide from Tunicate Hemocytes with Anti-Biofilm Activity
Authors: Silva Osmar N. , Alves Eliane S. F. , de la Fuente-Núñez César , Ribeiro Suzana M. , Mandal Santi M. , Gaspar Diana , Veiga Ana S. , Castanho Miguel A. R. B. , Andrade Cesar A. S. , Nascimento Jessica M. , Fensterseifer Isabel C. M. , Porto William F. , Correa Jose R. , Hancock Robert. E. W. , Korpole Suresh , Oliveira Aline L. , Liao Luciano M. , Franco Octavio L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractClavanins is a class of peptides (23aa) histidine-rich, free of post-translational modifications. Clavanins have been studied largely for their ability to disrupt bacterial membranes. In the present study, the interaction of clavanin A with membranes was assessed by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential and permeabilization assays. We observed through those assays that clavanin A lysis bacterial cells at concentrations corresponding to its MIC. Further, the structure and function of clavanin A was investigated. To better understand how clavanin interacted with bacteria, its NMR structure was elucidated. The solution state NMR structure of clavanin A in the presence of TFE-d3 indicated an α-helical conformation. Secondary structures, based on circular dichroism measurements in anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and TFE (2,2,2-trifluorethanol), in silico lipid-peptide docking and molecular simulations with lipids DPPC and DOPC revealed that clavanin A can adopt a variety of folds, possibly influencing its different functions. Microcalorimetry assays revealed that clavanin A was capable of discriminating between different lipids. Finally, clavanin A was found to eradicate bacterial biofilms representing a previously unrecognized function.
In Situ Characterization of Bak Clusters Responsible for Cell Death Using Single Molecule Localization Microscopy
Authors: Nasu Yusuke , Benke Alexander , Arakawa Satoko , Yoshida Go J. , Kawamura Genki , Manley Suliana , Shimizu Shigeomi , Ozawa Takeaki 
Published: June 2016

AbstractApoptosis plays a pivotal role in development and tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms. Clustering of Bak proteins on the mitochondrial outer membrane is responsible for the induction of apoptosis by evoking a release of pro-apoptotic proteins from mitochondria into cytosol. However, how the protein cluster permeabilizes the mitochondrial membrane remains unclear because elucidation of the cluster characteristics such as size and protein density has been hampered by the diffraction-limited resolution of light microscopy. Here, we describe an approach to quantitatively characterize Bak clusters in situ based on single molecule localization. We showed that Bak proteins form densely packed clusters at the nanoscale on mitochondria during apoptosis. Quantitative analysis based on the localization of each Bak protein revealed that the density of Bak protein is uniform among clusters although the cluster size is highly heterogeneous. Our approach provides unprecedented information on the size and protein density of Bak clusters possibly critical for the permeabilization and is applicable for the analysis of different cluster formations.