bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K5 of the air kerma standards of the VSL and the BIPM in 137Cs gamma radiation
Authors: Kessler C , Burns D T , Jansen B J , Pooter J A de 
Published: November 2016

A direct comparison of the standards for air kerma of the VSL, Netherlands, and of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was carried out in the 137Cs radiation beam of the BIPM in April 2016. The comparison result, evaluated as a ratio of the VSL and the BIPM standards for air kerma, is 0.9952 with a combined standard uncertainty of 3.8 × 10-3. The results for an indirect comparison made at the same time are consistent with the direct results at the level of 1 part in 104. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Improving flux predictions by integrating data from multiple strains
Authors: Long Matthew R , Reed Jennifer L 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Motivation
Incorporating experimental data into constraint-based models can improve the quality and accuracy of their metabolic flux predictions. Unfortunately, routinely and easily measured experimental data such as growth rates, extracellular fluxes, transcriptomics and even proteomics are not always sufficient to significantly improve metabolic flux predictions.

Results
We developed a new method (called REPPS) for incorporating experimental measurements of growth rates and extracellular fluxes from a set of perturbed reference strains (RSs) and a parental strain (PS) to substantially improve the predicted flux distribution of the parental strain. Using data from five single gene knockouts and the wild type strain, we decrease the mean squared error of predicted central metabolic fluxes by ∼47% compared to parsimonious flux balance analysis (pFBA). This decrease in error further improves flux predictions for new knockout strains. Furthermore, REPPS is less sensitive to the completeness of the metabolic network than pFBA.

Availability and Implementation
Code is available in the Supplementary data available at Bioinformatics online.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Deep carbon cycles constrained by a large-scale mantle Mg isotope anomaly in eastern China
Authors: Li Shu-Guang , Yang Wei , Ke Shan , Meng Xunan , Tian Hengci , Xu Lijuan , He Yongsheng , Huang Jian , Wang Xuan-Ce , Xia Qunke , Sun Weidong , Yang Xiaoyong , Ren Zhong-Yuan , Wei Haiquan , Liu Yongsheng , Meng Fancong , Yan Jun 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Although deep carbon recycling plays an important role in the atmospheric CO2 budget and climate changes through geological time, the precise mechanisms remain poorly understood. Since recycled sedimentary carbonate through plate subduction is the main light-δ26Mg reservoir within deep-Earth, Mg isotope variation in mantle-derived melts provides a novel perspective when investigating deep carbon cycling. Here, we show that the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic continental basalts from 13 regions covering the whole of eastern China have low δ26Mg isotopic compositions, while the Early Cretaceous basalts from the same area and the island arc basalts from circum-Pacific subduction zones have mantle-like or heavy Mg isotopic characteristics. Thus, a large-scale mantle low δ26Mg anomaly in eastern China has been delineated, suggesting the contribution of sedimentary carbonates recycled into the upper mantle, but limited into the lower mantle. This large-scale spatial and temporal variation of Mg isotopes in the mantle places severe constraints on deep carbon recycling via oceanic subduction.
Prevalence, Indications, Risk Indicators, and Outcomes of Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy Worldwide
Authors: van den Akker Thomas , Brobbel Carolien , Dekkers Olaf M. , Bloemenkamp Kitty W. M. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:To compare prevalence, indications, risk indicators, and outcomes of emergency peripartum hysterectomy across income settings.DATA SOURCES:PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library databases up to March 30, 2015.METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:Studies including emergency peripartum hysterectomies performed within 6 weeks postpartum. Not eligible were comments, case reports, elective hysterectomies for associated gynecologic conditions, studies with fewer than 10 inclusions, and those reporting only percentages published in languages other than English or before 1980. Interstudy heterogeneity was assessed by χ2test for heterogeneity; a random-effects model was applied wheneverI2exceeded 25%.TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:One hundred twenty-eight studies were selected, including 7,858 women who underwent emergency peripartum hysterectomy, of whom 87% were multiparous. Hysterectomy complicated almost 1 per 1,000 deliveries (range 0.2–10.1). Prevalence differed between poorer (low and lower middle income) and richer (upper middle and high income) settings: 2.8 compared with 0.7 per 1,000 deliveries, respectively (relative risk 4.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.0–4.5). Most common indications were placental pathology (38%), uterine atony (27%), and uterine rupture (26%). Risk indicators included cesarean delivery in the current pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] 11.38, 95% CI 9.28–13.97), previous cesarean delivery (OR 7.5, 95% CI 5.1–11.0), older age (mean difference 6.6 years between women in the case group and those in the control group, 95% CI 4.4–8.9), and higher parity (mean difference 1.4, 95% CI 0.7–2.2). Having attended antenatal care was protective (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.06–0.25). Only 3% had accessed arterial embolization to prevent hysterectomy. Average blood loss was 3.7 L. Mortality was 5.2 per 100 hysterectomies (reported range 0–59.1) and higher in poorer settings: 11.9 compared with 2.5 per 100 hysterectomies (relative risk 4.8, 95% CI 3.9–5.9).CONCLUSION:Emergency peripartum hysterectomy is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and is more frequent in lower-income countries, where it contains a higher risk of mortality. A (previous) cesarean delivery is associated with a higher risk of emergency peripartum hysterectomy.
Enterovaginal or Vesicovaginal Fistula Control Using a Silicone Cup
Authors: Russell Katie W. , Robinson Ryan E. , Mone Mary C. , Scaife Courtney L. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:
An enterovaginal or vesicovaginal fistula is a complication resulting in vaginal discharge of succus, urine, or stool that can lead to significant complications. For low-volume fistulae, tampons or pads may be used. With high-volume fistulae, frequent product change can be painful and unpredictable in terms of efficacy. The psychologic distress is profound. Surgery may not be an option, making symptom control the priority.

INSTRUMENT:
We report the use of a reusable menstrual silicone vaginal cup placed to divert and contain drainage.

EXPERIENCE:
The menstrual cup provided significant symptom relief. Drainage is immediately diverted from tissue, unlike with tampon or pad use, which involves longer contact periods with caustic fluids. A system was created by adapting the end of the cup by adding silastic tubing and an external leg bag to provide long-term drainage control.

CONCLUSION:
Improvement in quality of life is of primary importance when dealing with fistula drainage. This simple and inexpensive device should be considered in those cases in which the drainage can be diverted as a viable option, especially in those who are symptomatic and awaiting surgical repair or in those for whom surgery cannot be performed.
Treatment Decisions at the Time of Miscarriage Diagnosis
Authors: Schreiber Courtney A. , Chavez Veronica , Whittaker Paul G. , Ratcliffe Sarah J. , Easley Ebony , Barg Frances K. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the factors patients and physicians prioritize during first-trimester miscarriage management and assess what drives satisfaction with care.

METHODS:
We conducted a mixed-methods study of clinically stable women seeking surgical, medical, or expectant miscarriage treatment. Women with first-trimester fetal demise or anembryonic gestation (N=55) completed demographic and psychosocial surveys. Using purposive sampling, 45 (82%) completed in-depth interviews. Fifteen obstetricians were interviewed. Participants described factors that informed their counseling (physicians) or decision-making (patients). Content analysis used an integrated approach with inductively and deductively derived codes. Patient-derived themes were stratified by treatment choice. Associations between variables and treatment choices were analyzed.

RESULTS:
Thirty-four women (62%) received surgical management, 19 (35%) received medical, and two (4%) received expectant. Physicians expected that women with prior pregnancies have strong management preferences, and indeed, multigravid patients were less likely to change their initial treatment choice after counseling than primigravid patients (12% compared with 42%, odds ratio [OR] 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04–0.81, P=.03). Physicians favored patient-centered decisions and patients chose the treatment that they thought would least affect other responsibilities. Those ultimately receiving surgical management had a higher monthly income (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04–1.63, P=.023) and more social support (adjusted OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.07–5.61, P=.035) than the medical group. The surgical group cited loss acceptance, a favorable perception of surgery, and a desire to expedite the miscarriage as decisive factors. The medical group endorsed control over, and timed completion of, the miscarriage in a more intimate setting, an aversion to surgery or anesthesia, and a perception of improved fertility preservation as decisive factors. Regardless of treatment choice, satisfaction with treatment was linked to a supportive clinical team and expeditious resolution.

CONCLUSION:
Prior pregnancy experiences, obligations, and sociodemographic factors influence miscarriage management decision-making. Structured counseling, especially for primigravid patients, could improve both the physician and the patient experience with miscarriage care.
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Self-Collected Cervicovaginal Swabs in Young Women in the United States Between 2003 and 2012
Authors: Tarney Christopher M. , Klaric John , Beltran Thomas , Pagan Megan , Han Jasmine 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether there was a change in prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the United States correlated with the introduction of HPV vaccines in both vaccinated and unvaccinated women.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective review of prevalence data for women aged 18–29 years living in the United States using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, which is an ongoing series of cross-sectional surveys. Participants provided responses to standardized questions and self-collected cervicovaginal swabs in which a Linear Array HPV Assay was used to determine HPV prevalence. A total of 783 women from the prevaccine era (2003–2004) and 1,526 from the postvaccine era (2007–2012) were analyzed.

RESULTS:
Among women aged 18–29 years, the prevalence of vaccine-type HPV declined among women receiving one or more doses of vaccine (P=.003): 10.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.1–13.8%) in the prevaccine era to 4.2% (95% CI 3.3–10.9%) in the postvaccine era. There was no change in prevalence of nonvaccine-type HPV among women receiving one or more doses of vaccine (P>.05). There was also no change in prevalence of vaccine-type HPV among unvaccinated women from the prevaccine era 10.1% (95% CI 7.1–13.8%) to 8.8% (95% CI 5.6–12.9%) in the postvaccine era (P=.4). Vaccine coverage increased to 31.5% of eligible women aged 18–29 years as of 2011–2012.

CONCLUSION:
Six years after introduction of HPV vaccination in the United States, there has been a decrease in the prevalence of vaccine-type HPV among women correlated with receiving one or more vaccine doses with no change in nonvaccine-type HPV. Furthermore, there has been no change in prevalence of vaccine-type HPV among unvaccinated women.
Balloon Kyphoplasty for Managing Intractable Pain in Pediatric Pathologic Vertebral Fractures
Authors: Hoashi Jane S. , Thomas Stefanie M. , Goodwin Ryan C. , Gurd David P. , Hanna Rabi , Kuivila Thomas E. 
Published: November 2016

Background:Vertebral compression fractures are a common result of osteoporosis and osteopenia secondary to steroid use and chemotherapy treatment. Balloon kyphoplasty is a treatment option with good to excellent results well described in adults. Although a few recent studies have been published regarding the use of kyphoplasty in children, no formal indication exists for the pediatric population. The purpose of this study is to describe the outcomes of 3 chronically ill children with intractable pain from vertebral compression fractures, managed with kyphoplasty.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 3 pediatric patients who underwent balloon kyphoplasty for vertebral compression fractures secondary to chronic illness. Patient variables included age, sex, primary diagnosis and treatments, levels of vertebral fracture, and time elapsed from initial therapy to fracture. A numeric rating scale of 0 to 10 was used for patient-reported pain, before and after kyphoplasty. Preoperative and postoperative analgesic use and physical function were also described. Surgical variables included levels of kyphoplasty, operative time, and procedure-related complications.Results:The primary diagnoses were relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma, abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor, and IPEX-like (immune dysregulation, polyendrocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked) syndrome. All 3 patients were males, aged 12, 12, and 13, respectively, at the time of kyphoplasty. Pain scores were 8 to 9 preoperatively in 2 patients, severely affecting their physical function including independent walking. Excruciating back pain was a contributing factor to the respiratory distress of the third patient, who required elective intubation. All of the patients reported significant pain relief (range, 0 to 2) and improved physical function with kyphoplasty. The third patient was successfully extubated 1 week postoperatively and eventually returned to baseline activity. There were no complications related to kyphoplasty.Conclusions:Balloon kyphoplasty seems to be safe in terminally ill children and may be a useful tool for managing intractable pain due to vertebral compression fractures.Level of Evidence:Level IV—retrospective case series.
How Does Hyperkyphotic Early-Onset Scoliosis Respond to Growing Rod Treatment?
Authors: Chen Zhonghui , Qiu Yong , Zhu Zezhang , Li Song , Chen Xi , Sun Xu 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Growing rods (GRs) pose a higher risk of kyphosis gain while improving coronal deformity with intermittent distractions in early-onset scoliosis (EOS), but in turn, increased kyphosis may also affect GR correction outcomes. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the effect of GRs on the sagittal spinal profiles in hyperkyphotic EOS. Thus, we aim to demonstrate how hyperkyphotic EOS responds to GRs treatment.

Methods:
Forty patients treated with GRs for EOS were included and categorized into a normal kyphosis (N) group [20 degrees≤thoracic kyphosis (TK)≤50 degrees] or hyperkyphosis group (K) group (TK≥50 degrees). Radiographic measurements were performed before and after the index surgery and at the last follow-up. The complications were identified and classified using the surgical complications grading system.

Results:
The N group included 13 patients with dual GRs and 6 patients with a single GR. The K group consisted of 17 patients with dual GRs and 4 patients with a single GR. The mean age at surgery in the N and K groups was 6.2±1.8 and 6.4±2.1 years, respectively. The N and K groups, respectively, had an average number of lengthenings of 4.2±2.0 and 4.3±2.3, with an average follow-up of 4.7±1.9 and 4.6±2.1 years, respectively. In the K group, TK was markedly reduced after the index surgery and slightly increased during follow-up, whereas changes in TK in the N group were not significant. The complication rate in the K group was significantly higher than in the N group (81.0% vs. 47.4%, P=0.046). The most common implant-related and alignment-related complication in both groups was rod fracture (17.5%) and proximal junctional kyphosis (22.5%), respectively. The complication events in the N group were 5 with grade I and 5 with grade IIA, whereas in the K group there were 8 with grade I and 11 with grade IIA.

Conclusions:
GRs can effectively correct hyperkyphotic EOS, with the sagittal profile being successfully restored to normal range. However, hyperkyphotic EOS tends to experience more complications such as rod fracture and PJK.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Agminated Clear Cell Tumor: An Impostor of PEComa and Distinctive Dermal Clear Cell Mesenchymal Neoplasm
Authors: Teixeira Ana Isabel , Soares-Almeida Luís , Kutzner Heinz 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
Cutaneous clear cell tumors are a heterogeneous group of cutaneous neoplasms, which may show a wide range of histogenesis. We report the clinicopathological features of an agminated clear cell tumor, arising in a 67-year-old man, otherwise asymptomatic, with distinct histopathological and immunohistochemical features, which did not fit into any existing diagnostic categories. The patient presented with several skin-colored papules at the lateral and posterior aspects of the neck, which on histopathological examination showed circumscribed lobular aggregates of clear cells within the dermis. The immunohistochemical marker panel performed showed diffuse expression of vimentin, NKI-C3, and CD64 while revealing marked negativity for factor XIIIa, CD10, CD13, CD14, CD34, CD68, CD163, lysozyme, HMB45, Renal Cell Carcinoma antigen, calponin, h-caldesmon, Anti-alpha smooth muscle actin antibody [1 A4], S100, and pancytokeratin, leading the authors to postulate a monocytic origin.
Benefit of Postresection Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage III Colon Cancer in Octogenarians: Analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Bergquist John R. , Thiels Cornelius A. , Spindler Blake A. , Shubert Christopher R. , Hayman Amanda V. , Kelley Scott R. , Larson David W. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Pemberton John H. , Mathis Kellie L. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:
Clinical trials demonstrate that postresection chemotherapy conveys survival benefit to patients with stage III colon cancer. It is unclear whether this benefit can be extrapolated to the elderly, who are underenrolled in clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to determine outcomes of selected octogenarians with stage III colon cancer with/without postresection adjuvant therapy.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective cohort study (2006–2011) using unadjusted Kaplan–Meier and adjusted Cox proportional hazards analyses of overall survival.

SETTING:
The study was conducted with the National Cancer Database.

PATIENTS:
We included patients 80 to 89 years of age who were undergoing curative-intent surgery for stage III colon cancer and excluded patients who received neoadjuvant therapy, died within 6 weeks of surgery, or had high comorbidity.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Overall survival was the main measure.

RESULTS:
A total of 8141 octogenarians were included; 3483 (42.8%) received postresection chemotherapy, and 4658 (57.2%) underwent surgery alone. Patients receiving chemotherapy were younger (82.0 vs 84.0 years; p < 0.001), healthier (73.1% vs 70.4% with no comorbidities; p = 0.009), and more likely to have N2 disease (40.4% vs 32.8%; p < 0.001). Overall survival was improved in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (median = 61.7 vs 35.0 months; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis of patients offered chemotherapy but refusing (n = 1315) demonstrated overall survival worse than those receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (median = 42.7 vs 61.7 months; p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis adjusting for potential confounders showed therapy with surgery alone to be independently associated with increased mortality hazard (HR = 1.83; p < 0.001), and the mortality hazard remained elevated in patients who voluntarily refused adjuvant therapy (HR = 1.45; p < 0.001).

LIMITATIONS:
The study was limited by its retrospective, nonrandomized design.

CONCLUSIONS:
In selected octogenarians with stage III colon cancer, postresection adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with superior overall survival. However, less than half of the octogenarians with stage III colon cancer in the National Cancer Database received it. The remaining majority, who were all fit and survived ≥6 weeks postsurgery, could have derived benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. This represents a substantial opportunity for quality improvement in treating octogenarians with stage III colon cancer.
Hospital Variability in Use of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients with Stage 2 and 3 Colon Cancer
Authors: Daly Meghan C. , Hanseman Dennis J. , Abbott Daniel E. , Shah Shimul A. , Paquette Ian M. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:
Following oncologic resection, adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with decreased recurrence and improved survival in stage 3 colon cancer. However, there is controversy regarding its use in stage 2 colon cancer with high-risk features (tumor depth T4, poorly differentiated, positive margin, and/or inadequate lymph node retrieval). Consensus guidelines recommend no adjuvant chemotherapy in the absence of these high-risk features (low-risk stage 2).

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to examine hospital characteristics associated with poor risk-adjusted, stage-specific guideline compliance for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage 3 and low-risk stage 2 colon cancer.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective study. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify patient and hospital factors associated with administration of adjuvant chemotherapy. Hierarchical regression models were used to calculate risk- and reliability-adjusted rates of chemotherapy use and observed-to-expected ratios in each hospital’s stage 2 low-risk and stage 3 patients.

SETTINGS:
Data were retrieved from the National Cancer Database.

PATIENTS:
Patients selected were adults treated with oncologic resection for stage 2 to 3 colon cancer between 2004 and 2010.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcome measured was receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy.

RESULTS:
A total of 167,345 patients were identified at 1395 hospitals. The mean overall risk-adjusted adjuvant chemotherapy rate was 65.3% for stage 3 and 15.2% for low-risk stage 2. Analysis of low outlier hospitals for stage 3 colon cancer, where adjuvant chemotherapy was underutilized, demonstrated that 62.8% were low-volume centers and 51.4% were community centers. Of high outlier hospitals for stage 2 low-risk disease, where adjuvant chemotherapy was overutilized, 87.2% were low-volume hospitals and 67.2% were community centers.

LIMITATIONS:
Selection bias and the inability to compare specific chemotherapy regimens were limitations of this study.

CONCLUSIONS:
Following oncologic resection, administration of adjuvant chemotherapy for low-risk stage 2 and stage 3 disease varies substantially among hospitals in the United States. Outlier hospitals were most likely to be low-volume community centers.