bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Septoplasty in Children
Authors: Cingi Cemal , Muluk Nuray Bayar , Ulusoy Seckin , Lopatin Andrey , Sahin Ethem , Passali Desiderio , Bellussi Luisa , Atilla Huntürk , Hanci Deniz , Altintoprak Niyazi , Rusetski Yuri , Sarafoleanu Codrut , Mladina Ranko , Kalog'era Livije , Manea Claudiu 
Published: March 2016

Objectives Physicians have long had concerns about the potential harmful effects of pediatric septoplasties on the nasoseptal growth process because septal cartilage is important for the growth and development of the face. Methods In this review article, pediatric septoplasty and its indications are discussed, together with a literature survey. In addition, overviews of development of the nasal skeleton from neonate to adult, nasal growth, and cartilaginous septum are presented. Important issues and comments on pediatric septoplasties are provided. Results During septoplasty procedures, elevation of the mucoperichondrium unilaterally or bilaterally does not negatively affect growth of the face. Stabilization of the septum may be easier when mucosal elevation is performed unilaterally. The nasal floor mucosa should not be elevated so to avoid damage to the incisive nerves. Corrections and limited excisions may be done from the cartilaginous septum. Separation of the septal cartilage from the perpendicular plate, especially at the dorsal part, should not be performed because this area is important for the length and height of the nasal septum and nasal dorsum. Incisions or excisions should not be performed through the growing and supporting zones, especially at the sphenoethmoid dorsal zone. Conclusion Ifthere are severe breathing problems related to the septal deviation, septoplasty should be performed. In the majority of cases, septal surgery may be conducted in 6-year-old children. However, if necessary, septal surgery may be performed in younger children and even at birth.
The Association between Serum Lead and Total Immunoglobulin E Levels According to Allergic Sensitization
Authors: Kim Jeong Hong , Chang Jung Hyun , Choi Hyun Seung , Kim Hyun Jik , Kang Ju Wan 
Published: March 2016

Background Results of several studies showed that blood lead concentration is positively associated with total immunoglobulin E (IgE) value. However, no study has investigated whether allergic sensitization could be responsible for the association between lead exposure and total IgE value. Objective We investigated whether there was difference in the association between lead exposure and the total IgE value, depending on the presence or absence of Dermatophagoides farinae sensitization. Methods We used data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum levels of heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, and lead, were measured. Total and D. farinae specific IgE levels were measured, and the urinary cotinine level was investigated. Information about sex, age, body mass index, and household income were also obtained. We analyzed the association between serum lead and total IgE levels, after adjusting other variables. Results In an multivariate linear regression analysis, only the serum concentration of lead among the three heavy metals was positively associated with logarithmic transformed total IgE (coefficient [B], 0.026 [95% confidence interval {CI}], 0.008–0.044). When we performed the same analysis on groups divided by allergic D. farinae sensitization status, we found a significant positive association between serum lead and logarithmic transformed total IgE values in subjects with D. farinae sensitization (B, 0.043 [95% CI, 0.014–0.071]) but not in subjects without D. farinae sensitization (B, 0.015 [95% CI, -0.008 to 0.039]). Conclusions A positive association between the serum lead and total IgE levels was statistically significant in subjects with D. farinae sensitization, which indicated that the immunologic effects of lead exposure may be greater in people with allergic sensitization.
High Density Polyethylene (HDP) Pipe as a Lining Material in Hilly Regions of Nepal
Authors: Rijal Krishna Prasad 
Published: March 2016

Canal lining is a major part of construction in irrigation projects. Canal lining determines the cost of project to a great extent but also the discharge delivery efficiency of the irrigation system. Though earthen canal sections are least expensive, simple to maintain and environmentally friendly, they have high seepage rates and demand frequent repair. In the light of need for resource conservation and the general unavailability of labour for maintenance work, a canal lining, though more expensive, may be justifiable in the long run. Technological advances in the construction have made available lighter and more affordable materials that enhance many parts of the irrigation process.It is the private sector that should lead the development of these technologies as they relate to the construction business. We can look to foreign markets to see how canal lining technologies have improved the use of this tool in various environments and soils. In the Nepali context, we use traditional lining techniques like stone or reinforced concrete, which are effective in the plains, but less so in the hills and remote. In this paper, I review some alternatives to traditional canal linings, and examine the virtues of high density polyethylene (HDP) pipe for possible use in irrigation schemes. HYDRO Nepal Journal of Water Energy and EnvironmentVolume- 18, 2016, JanuaryPage -25-29
Eriodictyol-induced anti-cancer and apoptotic effects in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells are associated with cell cycle arrest and modulation of apoptosis-related proteins
Authors: Wang Fang , Wang Yu-Hang , Wang Jing-Jing , Xu He-Lin , Wang Chang-Miao 
Published: March 2016

<p class="Abstract">The objective of the present study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of eriodictyol in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep-G2) and normal liver hepatocyte cell line (AML12) along with evaluating its mode of action. Sulforhodamine B assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the compound while as fluorescence microscopy was involved to demonstrate the effect of eriodictyol on cellular apoptosis. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the effect of eriodictyol on cell cycle while Western blot analysis revealed the effect on apoptosis-related protein expressions. Results indicate that eriodictyol-induced selective and concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on Hep-G2 cancer cells while AML12 normal liver cells were very less susceptible to its effect. Eriodictyol-induced apoptosis related morphological changes including chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. It also induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in these cells. Eriodictyol led to up-regulation of Bax and PARP and down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein.</p><p><strong>Video Clip</strong></p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/MJwBotwrgWM">Flow cytometry assay</a>: 35 sec<p> </p>
Tail suspension test to evaluate the antidepressant activity of experimental drugs
Authors: Aslam Muhammad 
Published: March 2016

<p>Tail suspension test (TST) is a common behavioral paradigm used to evaluate the antidepressant activity of experimental drugs. Like the forced swimming test, in this test the animals are set in an inescapable yet modestly distressing circumstance. In the tail suspension test, the extent of immobility is thought to be associated with the depressive-like condition of the animal and is significantly diminished by antidepressant drugs.</p><p><strong>Video clips</strong></p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/OqWrALPAGhA">Pre-experiment</a>: 53 sec</p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/T7sRbrn3xbQ">Experiment</a>: 7 min 31 sec</p><p> </p>
HIDING IN THE SHADOWS. II. COLLISIONAL DUST AS EXOPLANET MARKERS
Authors: Dobinson Jack , Leinhardt Zoë M. , Lines Stefan , Carter Philip J. , Dodson-Robinson Sarah E. , Teanby Nick A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Observations of the youngest planets (∼1–10 Myr for a transitional disk) will increase the accuracy of our planet formation models. Unfortunately, observations of such planets are challenging and time-consuming to undertake, even in ideal circumstances. Therefore, we propose the determination of a set of markers that can preselect promising exoplanet-hosting candidate disks. To this end, N-body simulations were conducted to investigate the effect of an embedded Jupiter-mass planet on the dynamics of the surrounding planetesimal disk and the resulting creation of second-generation collisional dust. We use a new collision model that allows fragmentation and erosion of planetesimals, and dust-sized fragments are simulated in a post-process step including non-gravitational forces due to stellar radiation and a gaseous protoplanetary disk. Synthetic images from our numerical simulations show a bright double ring at 850 μm for a low-eccentricity planet, whereas a high-eccentricity planet would produce a characteristic inner ring with asymmetries in the disk. In the presence of first-generation primordial dust these markers would be difficult to detect far from the orbit of the embedded planet, but would be detectable inside a gap of planetary origin in a transitional disk.
THE FIRST BROWN DWARF/PLANETARY-MASS OBJECT IN THE 32 ORIONIS GROUP*
Authors: Burgasser Adam J. , Lopez Mike A. , Mamajek Eric E. , Gagné Jonathan , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Tallis Melisa , Choban Caleb , Tamiya Tomoki , Escala Ivanna , Aganze Christian 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The 32 Orionis group is a co-moving group of roughly 20 young (24 Myr) M3-B5 stars 100 pc from the Sun. Here we report the discovery of its first substellar member, WISE J052857.69+090104.2. This source was previously reported to be an M giant star based on its unusual near-infrared spectrum and lack of measureable proper motion. We re-analyze previous data and new moderate-resolution spectroscopy from Magellan/Folded-port InfraRed Echellette to demonstrate that this source is a young near-infrared L1 brown dwarf with very low surface gravity features. Spectral model fits indicate T
eff = 1880

K and

= 3.8

, consistent with a 15–22 Myr object with a mass near the deuterium-burning limit. Its sky position, estimated distance, kinematics (both proper motion and radial velocity), and spectral characteristics are all consistent with membership in 32 Orionis, and its temperature and age imply a mass (M =

M

J
) that straddles the brown dwarf/planetary-mass object boundary. The source has a somewhat red

color compared to other L1 dwarfs, but this is likely a low-gravity-related temperature offset; we find no evidence of significant excess reddening from a disk or cool companion in the 3–5 μm waveband.
Leflunomide Use and Risk of Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Literature Review and Metaanalysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Conway Richard , Low Candice , Coughlan Robert J. , O’Donnell Martin J. , Carey John J. 
Published: March 2016

Objective.To evaluate the relative risk (RR) of pulmonary disease among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with leflunomide (LEF).Methods.We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to April 15, 2014. We included double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCT) of LEF versus placebo or active comparator agents in adults with RA. Studies with fewer than 50 subjects or shorter than 12 weeks were excluded. Two investigators independently searched both databases. All authors reviewed selected studies. We compared RR differences using the Mantel-Haenszel random-effects method to assess total respiratory adverse events, infectious respiratory adverse events, noninfectious respiratory adverse events, interstitial lung disease, and death.Results.Our literature search returned 5673 results. A total of 8 studies, 4 with placebo comparators, met our inclusion criteria. There were 708 respiratory adverse events documented in 4579 participants. Six cases of pneumonitis occurred, all in the comparator group. Four pulmonary deaths were reported, none in the LEF group. LEF was not associated with an increased risk of total adverse respiratory events (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.56–1.78) or infectious respiratory adverse events (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.58–1.82). LEF was associated with a decreased risk of noninfectious respiratory adverse events (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41–0.97).Conclusion.Our study found no evidence of increased respiratory adverse events in RCT of LEF treatment.
L’activisme politique des descendants d’esclaves à Antananarivo : les héritages de Zoam
Authors: Gardini Marco 
Published: March 2016

Cet article analyse les héritages laissés par un mouvement malgache d’inspiration marxiste, né en 1972 et composé de jeunes d’origine servile, dans les trajectoires politiques et les discours des ex-militants et des habitants des « bas quartiers » d’Antananarivo. Il considère le rôle que ce mouvement a eu dans la renégociation de la position sociale des descendants d’esclaves au cours des dernières décennies, les parcours de vie des militants après la disparition du mouvement et la manière dont le stigmate de l’origine servile a été reproduit, contesté et teinté de nouvelles valeurs politiques.
Postface. Une perspective comparative sur les « sociétés post-esclavagistes »
Authors: Cunin Elisabeth 
Published: March 2016

Ce texte propose d’interroger la notion de « société post-esclavagiste » et la catégorie de « descendant d’esclaves » en ouvrant des pistes de comparaison entre l’Afrique et l’Amérique latine. En s’appuyant sur les articles de ce numéro de Politique africaine et sur quelques travaux récents, il met en lumière des convergences et des différences dans les processus de sortie de l’esclavage, mais aussi les échanges contemporains, d’un côté à l’autre de l’Atlantique, autour de l’héritage de l’esclavage. En Amérique latine, la question du post-esclavagisme se pose au moment des abolitions ( xix e siècle), tout au long de la construction d’États-nations indépendants, avec le « tournant multiculturel » des années 1980-1990 et l’introduction de politiques de la différence. En se situant ainsi dans des chronologies et des contextes extrêmement différents, il s’agit de faire apparaître des décalages et des rapprochements potentiellement heuristiques entre Afrique et Amérique latine.
Vienna international airport noise abatement
Authors: Jelinek-Nigitz Heidelinde 
Published: March 2016

Purpose: On the topic of sustainable aviation a study was carried out to measure the difference between the actual change in air traffic noise and the airport’s residents’ perception of the noise change at Vienna International Airport. Therefore, a questionnaire was developed in cooperation with the airport and an online survey was conducted.Design/methodology/approach: For the survey of the opinion of the affected population of the surrounding communities, a web based online questionnaire is created and distributed via various channels including e-mail, and online forums. After the basic structure of the questionnaire had been defined, the questions were developed in cooperation with employees form the environmental department of VIE, who had a sustainable influence on the questions’ order and formulation. As the survey was supposed to be answered by residents around VIE.Findings: Results of the online study show that only parts of the participants are affected by air traffic noise at VIE. Even less experienced a significant change over the last five years. About one third of the participants stated that they are affected by air traffic noise in one way or another. The majority of these people live in Lower Austria, the federal state in which the airport is located. The participants obviously judge air traffic noise during day time more importantly than air traffic noise at night.Research limitations/implications: Due to the low number of returns, no statistically relevant conclusions can be drawn, the results of the survey can be used to make some general statements.Originality/value: Economic growth and deregulation lead to growing aircraft operations. Vienna International Airport with its approximately 260,000 flight movements per year is the biggest airport in Austria and a major hub in Europe. The combination of constantly growing air transport and the resulting noise exposure, as well as the steadily increasing sensitization of the population, bring the issue of aircraft noise emission into the increased interest of the stakeholder of an airport. The study compares the extent of the subjective perceived and the actual noise emissions’ change over the last years.
Norm-blindness and its effects on utterer-centred practice
Authors: Walker Jim 
Published: March 2016

Le présent article se propose de remettre en question la notion de valeur centrale dans les théories françaises de l’énonciation en démontrant que ces théories sous-estiment quelque peu l’importance des variétés de l’anglais et l’influence de la tradition prescriptiviste, et en prétendant qu’in fine l’énonciation est vouée à l’échec si elle ne sait pas se colleter avec cette réalité. A travers trois exemples (les modaux WILL/SHALL ; l’alternance entre if I was / if I were ; HAVE+-EN et le renvoi au révolu), l’auteur souligne que bien souvent les énonciativistes développent des hypothèses en l’absence de toute référence autre qu’à l’anglais britannique standard, et sur la base de corpora qui sont issus d’œuvres littéraires qui ne reflètent guère la langue dans ce qu’elle a de vivant. Cette approche, nécessairement lacunaire, a pour conséquences soit que certaines constructions grammaticales ne peuvent être saisies dans leur totalité, soit qu’elles ne parviennent pas à se frayer un chemin jusqu’aux textes les plus importants.
« Procédure bâillon » : Retour sur l'affaire des sondages de l'Elysée et la liberté d'expression des universitaires
Authors: Mercier Jérémy 
Published: March 2016

Après avoir été poursuivi pour diffamation par Patrick Buisson, ex-conseiller du président Nicolas Sarkozy, dans l'affaire des sondages de l'Elysée, l'universitaire Alain Garrigou était assigné en justice par Fiducial, la première entreprise française de conseil fiscal, et son dirigeant, Christian Latouche, pour avoir notamment signalé que celui-ci avait des « affinités idéologiques avec l’extrême droite ». Tandis que la 17ème Chambre du Tribunal de Grande Instance de Paris jugea qu'une telle plainte était abusive et constituait une « procédure bâillon » visant à intimider et faire taire toute critique, la Cour d'Appel a rejeté ce moyen. Pot de terre contre pot de fer ? Une telle interprétation pose la question décisive de l'avenir de la liberté d'expression face aux intérêts politico-financiers pouvant, surtout en période électorale, donner lieu à des plaintes abusives. Les juges judiciaires n'auraient-il pas intérêt à se munir, en plus du législateur, d'une jurisprudence « anti-procédure bâillon » dite anti-slapp, permettant d'éviter de telles intimidations sur les auteurs de propos d'intérêt général pour la démocratie ?
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Activation Promotes the Prodestructive Invadosome-Forming Phenotype of Synoviocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Charbonneau Martine , Lavoie Roxane R. , Lauzier Annie , Harper Kelly , McDonald Patrick P. , Dubois Claire M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a major role in invasive joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This prodestructive phenotype has been shown to involve autocrine TGF-β that triggers formation of matrix-degrading invadosomes through molecular mechanisms that are not fully elucidated. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor (PDGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) has been shown to cooperate with TGF-β in various pathological conditions. We therefore sought to determine whether RTK activity played a role in invadosome biogenesis. We demonstrated that, among the common RTKs, PDGFR-αβ was specifically phosphorylated in FLS from RA patients. Phosphorylation of PDGFR-αβ was also elevated in RA synovial tissues. Interference with PDGFR activation or PDGF neutralization inhibited invadosome formation in RA synoviocytes, indicating the presence of an autocrine PDGFR activation loop that involved endogenous PDGF. Among the PDGF-A–D isoforms, only PDGF-B was found both significantly elevated in FLS lines from RA patients, and related to high-invadosome forming cells. Addition of TGF-β upregulated invadosome formation, PDGF-B mRNA expression, and phosphorylation of PDGFR. All of these functions were efficiently suppressed by TGF-β neutralization or interference with the Smad/TβR1or PI3K/Akt pathway. Among the class 1 PI3K family proteins known to be expressed in RA synoviocytes, PI3Kα was selectively involved in PDGF-B expression, whereas both PI3Kα and PI3Kδ participated in invadosome formation. Our findings demonstrate that PDGFR is a critical RTK required for the prodestructive phenotype of RA synovial cells. They also provide evidence for an association between autocrine TGF-β and PDGFR-mediated invadosome formation in RA synoviocytes that involves the production of PDGF-B induced by TGF-β.
ACKR4 on Stromal Cells Scavenges CCL19 To Enable CCR7-Dependent Trafficking of APCs from Inflamed Skin to Lymph Nodes
Authors: Bryce Steven A. , Wilson Ruairi A. M. , Tiplady Eleanor M. , Asquith Darren L. , Bromley Shannon K. , Luster Andrew D. , Graham Gerard J. , Nibbs Robert J. B. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Dermal dendritic cells and epidermal Langerhans cells are APCs that migrate from skin to draining lymph nodes (LN) to drive peripheral tolerance and adaptive immunity. Their migration requires the chemokine receptor CCR7, which directs egress from the skin via dermal lymphatic vessels and extravasation into the LN parenchyma from lymph in the subcapsular sinus. CCR7 is activated by two chemokines: CCL19 and CCL21. CCL21 alone is sufficient for the migration of APCs from skin to LN. CCL19 and CCL21 also bind atypical chemokine receptor (ACKR) 4. ACKR4-mediated CCL21 scavenging by lymphatic endothelial cells lining the subcapsular sinus ceiling stabilizes interfollicular CCL21 gradients that direct lymph-borne CCR7+ APCs into the parenchyma of mouse LN. In this study, we show that ACKR4 also aids APC egress from mouse skin under steady-state and inflammatory conditions. ACKR4 plays a particularly prominent role during cutaneous inflammation when it facilitates Langerhans cell egress from skin and enables the accumulation of dermal dendritic cells in skin-draining LN. Stromal cells in mouse skin, predominantly keratinocytes and a subset of dermal lymphatic endothelial cells, express ACKR4 and are capable of ACKR4-dependent chemokine scavenging in situ. ACKR4-mediated scavenging of dermal-derived CCL19, rather than CCL21, is critical during inflammation, because the aberrant trafficking of skin-derived APCs in Ackr4-deficient mice is completely rescued by genetic deletion of Ccl19. Thus, ACKR4 on stromal cells aids the egress of APCs from mouse skin, and, during inflammation, facilitates CCR7-dependent cell trafficking by scavenging CCL19.