bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The shift of microbial communities and their roles in sulfur and iron cycling in a copper ore bioleaching system
Authors: Niu Jiaojiao , Deng Jie , Xiao Yunhua , He Zhili , Zhang Xian , Van Nostrand J. D. , Liang Yili , Deng Ye , Liu Xueduan , Yin Huaqun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBioleaching has been employed commercially to recover metals from low grade ores, but the production efficiency remains to be improved due to limited understanding of the system. This study examined the shift of microbial communities and S&Fe cycling in three subsystems within a copper ore bioleaching system: leaching heap (LH), leaching solution (LS) and sediment under LS. Results showed that both LH and LS had higher relative abundance of S and Fe oxidizing bacteria, while S and Fe reducing bacteria were more abundant in the Sediment. GeoChip analysis showed a stronger functional potential for S0 oxidation in LH microbial communities. These findings were consistent with measured oxidation activities to S0 and Fe2+, which were highest by microbial communities from LH, lower by those from LS and lowest form Sediment. Moreover, phylogenetic molecular ecological network analysis indicated that these differences might be related to interactions among microbial taxa. Last but not the least, a conceptual model was proposed, linking the S&Fe cycling with responsible microbial populations in the bioleaching systems. Collectively, this study revealed the microbial community and functional structures in all three subsystems of the copper ore, and advanced a holistic understanding of the whole bioleaching system.
The ubiquitin ligase TRIM27 functions as a host restriction factor antagonized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis PtpA during mycobacterial infection
Authors: Wang Jing , Teng Jade L. L. , Zhao Dongdong , Ge Pupu , Li Bingxi , Woo Patrick C. Y. , Liu Cui Hua 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMacrophage-mediated innate immune responses play crucial roles in host defense against pathogens. Recent years have seen an explosion of host proteins that act as restriction factors blocking viral replication in infected cells. However, the essential factors restricting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and their regulatory roles during mycobacterial infection remain largely unknown. We previously reported that Mtb tyrosine phosphatase PtpA, a secreted effector protein required for intracellular survival of Mtb, inhibits innate immunity by co-opting the host ubiquitin system. Here, we identified a new PtpA-interacting host protein TRIM27, which is reported to possess a conserved RING domain and usually acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that interferes with various cellular processes. We further demonstrated that TRIM27 restricts survival of mycobacteria in macrophages by promoting innate immune responses and cell apoptosis. Interestingly, Mtb PtpA could antagonize TRIM27-promoted JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation and cell apoptosis through competitively binding to the RING domain of TRIM27. TRIM27 probably works as a potential restriction factor for Mtb and its function is counteracted by Mtb effector proteins such as PtpA. Our study suggests a potential tuberculosis treatment via targeting of the TRIM27-PtpA interfaces.
Enhanced sensitivity to drugs of abuse and palatable foods following maternal overnutrition
Authors: Peleg-Raibstein D , Sarker G , Litwan K , Krämer S D , Ametamey S M , Schibli R , Wolfrum C 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEpidemiological studies have shown an association between maternal overnutrition and increased risk of the progeny for the development of obesity as well as psychiatric disorders. Animal studies have shown results regarding maternal high-fat diet (HFD) and a greater risk of the offspring to develop obesity. However, it still remains unknown whether maternal HFD can program the central reward system in such a way that it will imprint long-term changes that will predispose the offspring to addictive-like behaviors that may lead to obesity. We exposed female dams to either laboratory chow or HFD for a period of 9 weeks: 3 weeks before conception, during gestation and lactation. Offspring born to either control or HFD-exposed dams were examined in behavioral, neurochemical, neuroanatomical, metabolic and positron emission tomography (PET) scan tests. Our results demonstrate that HFD offspring compared with controls consume more alcohol, exhibit increased sensitivity to amphetamine and show greater conditioned place preference to cocaine. In addition, maternal HFD leads to increased preference to sucrose as well as to HFD while leaving the general feeding behavior intact. The hedonic behavioral alterations are accompanied by reduction of striatal dopamine and by increased dopamine 2 receptors in the same brain region as evaluated by post-mortem neurochemical, immunohistochemical as well as PET analyses. Taken together, our data suggest that maternal overnutrition predisposes the offspring to develop hedonic-like behaviors to both drugs of abuse as well as palatable foods and that these types of behaviors may share common neuronal underlying mechanisms that can lead to obesity.
Genetic mapping of male pheromone response in the European corn borer identifies candidate genes regulating neurogenesis
Authors: Koutroumpa Fotini A. , Groot Astrid T. , Dekker Teun , Heckel David G. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
Most male moths find their mates by following species-specific pheromones released by females. Despite the importance of pheromone communication in reproductive isolation, much is still unknown about its genetic basis. We investigated male responses in the two pheromone races of the European corn borer. A reasonable hypothesis, that males of the two races differ in the genes encoding the receptor proteins that respond to the two pheromone components, was previously rejected without a convincing alternative. We found that instead male choice was correlated with genes affecting growth and differentiation of the nerve cells that may contain these receptors. This unexpected finding resolves the dilemma and points to another layer of complexity in the evolution of sexual pheromone communication systems.
Increasing vertical resolution in US models to improve track forecasts of Hurricane Joaquin with HWRF as an example
Authors: Zhang Banglin , Lindzen Richard S. , Tallapragada Vijay , Weng Fuzhong , Liu Qingfu , Sippel Jason A. , Ma Zaizhong , Bender Morris A. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
For forecasts of Hurricane Joaquin in 2015, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting model consistently and correctly predicted a track away from the US mainland, while the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System (GFS) and Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast (HWRF) models made erroneous track forecasts with landfall on the US East Coast. Our investigation found that inadequate vertical resolution in HWRF likely contributed to the track error. A number of HWRF forecasting experiments, carried out at different vertical resolutions, show that the track forecasts of Hurricane Joaquin (2015) were greatly improved by increasing the vertical resolution of the forecast model. These results suggest that hurricane tracks in GFS could also be improved by increasing vertical resolution in that model.
Agreement of Bioreactance Cardiac Output Monitoring With Thermodilution During Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation in Adult Swine
Authors: Berlin David A. , Peprah-Mensah Harrison , Manoach Seth , Heerdt Paul M. 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
The study tests the hypothesis that noninvasive cardiac output monitoring based upon bioreactance (Cheetah Medical, Portland, OR) has acceptable agreement with intermittent bolus thermodilution over a wide range of cardiac output in an adult porcine model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.

Design:
Prospective laboratory animal investigation.

Setting:
Preclinical university laboratory.

Subjects:
Eight ~ 50 kg Yorkshire swine with a femoral artery catheter for blood pressure measurement and a pulmonary artery catheter for bolus thermodilution.

Interventions:
With the pigs anesthetized and mechanically ventilated, 40 mL/kg of blood was removed yielding marked hypotension and a rise in plasma lactate. After 60 minutes, pigs were resuscitated with shed blood and crystalloid. Noninvasive cardiac output monitoring and intermittent thermodilution cardiac output were simultaneously measured at nine time points spanning baseline, hemorrhage, and resuscitation.

Measurements and Main Results:
Simultaneous noninvasive cardiac output monitoring and thermodilution measurements of cardiac output were compared by Bland-Altman analysis. A plot was constructed using the difference of each paired measurement expressed as a percentage of the mean of the pair plotted against the mean of the pair. Percent bias was used to scale the differences in the measurements for the magnitude of the cardiac output. Method concordance was assessed from a four-quadrant plot with a 15% zone of exclusion. Overall, noninvasive cardiac output monitoring percent bias was 1.47% (95% CI, −2.5 to 5.4) with limits of agreement of upper equal to 33.4% (95% CI, 26.5−40.2) and lower equal to −30.4% (95% CI, −37.3 to −23.6). Trending analysis demonstrated a 97% concordance between noninvasive cardiac output monitoring and thermodilution cardiac output.

Conclusions:
Over the wide range of cardiac output produced by hemorrhage and resuscitation in large pigs, noninvasive cardiac output monitoring has acceptable agreement with thermodilution cardiac output.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Lopinavir in HIV-Infected Children on Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Asia
Authors: Aurpibul Linda , Teerananchai Sirinya , Prasitsuebsai Wasana , Sudjaritruk Tavitiya , Kosalaraksa Pope , Kurniati Nia , Truong Khanh Huu , Do Viet Chau , Nguyen Lam Van , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Singtoroj Thida , Kerr Stephen J. ,   on behalf of the TASER-Pediatrics Study Group
Published: October 2016

Background:
Failure rates of second-line boosted protease inhibitor antiretroviral therapy regimens in children rise over time. Therapeutic drug monitoring can contribute to assessments of adherence. The authors assessed the performance characteristics of the US DHHS-recommended lopinavir (LPV) concentration of 1.0 mg/L for predicting virologic failure (VF) and intermediate- to high-level LPV resistance in Asian children.

Methods:
LPV concentration, HIV RNA level, and adherence data from study participants in Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia receiving second-line LPV-based ART and followed for ≥24 weeks were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 223 children at a median age of 10.4 (interquartile range, 7.9–13.4) years were enrolled, and 61% of them were male. Their mean CD4 was 842 ± 438 cells per cubic millimeter, and the median LPV duration was 2.5 (interquartile range, 1.3–4.2) years. Five of 84 (6%) and 18 of 139 (13%) children had LPV trough and random concentrations <1.0 mg/L at study week 24. Using either of these trough or random LPV concentrations, a cutoff at 1.0 mg/L gave an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.69 in predicting VF with sensitivity of 44% (95% CI 23–66) and specificity of 94% (95% CI 89–97). Seven of 21 with VF and resistance results available had ≥1 major protease inhibitor mutation. Multivariate logistic regression found LPV concentrations <1.0 mg/L (odds ratio, 6.47; 95% CI 2.15–19.50, P = 0.001) and CD4 ≤20% (odds ratio, 2.83; 95% CI 1.01–7.89, P = 0.05) were independently associated with HIV RNA >1000 copies per milliliter. No factors predicted major LPV resistance mutations.

Conclusions:
The authors support that the DHHS target LPV concentration of <1.0 mg/L is predictive of VF, but not of the presence of major LPV mutations.
Physician Adherence to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines for Sexually Active Adolescents in the Pediatric Emergency Setting
Authors: Pickett Michelle L. , Melzer-Lange Marlene D. , Miller Melissa K. , Menon Seema , Vistocky Alexis M. , Drendel Amy L. 
Published: October 2016

Objectives
There is limited literature about physicians' adherence to 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines specific to specimen collection testing methods in adolescent females in the emergency setting is limited. The objectives are to (1) determine physician adherence to CDC guidelines for specimen collection/testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea, (2) determine physician characteristics associated with guideline adherence, and (3) describe physicians' knowledge of expedited partner therapy (EPT) laws.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional, anonymous, Internet-based survey of physician members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section of Emergency Medicine. Questions addressed practice patterns and knowledge through clinical scenarios of adolescent girls. Descriptive statistics are used to report frequency. Fisher exact and χ2 analyses are used to compare physician subgroups: gender, years in practice, practice setting, and geographical region.

Results
Overall, 257 physicians responded and 231 were analyzed; 62.4% females; 46.0% in practice for ≤ 7 years; 86.2% in academic medicine. Specimen collection/testing in an asymptomatic patient were consistent with guidelines for 85.6% of respondents, but decreased to 37.4% for a symptomatic patient. Guideline adherence was not different between physician subgroups. Only 30.4% of physicians reported state EPT law knowledge.

Conclusions
Adherence with the CDC guidelines for chlamydia/gonorrhea specimen collection/testing for adolescents in the emergency setting is inadequate, and EPT knowledge is poor. With increased emergency department use by adolescents, it is critical that physicians know and implement the current recommendations to improve adolescent health outcomes.
Intravenous and Nebulized Magnesium Sulfate for Treating Acute Asthma in Children
Authors: Su Zhantao , Li Rui , Gai Zhongtao 
Published: October 2016

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous (IV) and nebulized magnesium sulfate in acute asthma in children.

Methods
The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials of IV and nebulized magnesium sulfate in pediatric acute asthma were included. The outcomes subject to meta-analysis were pulmonary function, hospitalization, and further treatment. If statistical heterogeneity was significant, random-effects models were used for meta-analysis, otherwise, fixed-effects models were applied.

Results
Ten randomized and quasi-randomized trials (6 IV, 4 nebulized) were identified. Intravenous magnesium sulfate treatment is associated with significant effects on respiratory function (standardized mean difference, 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80-3.08; P = 0.0008) and hospital admission (risk ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31-0.95; P = 0.03). But nebulized magnesium sulfate treatment shows no significant effect on respiratory function (standardized mean difference, 0.19; 95% CI, −0.01–0.40; P = 0.07) or hospital admission (risk ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.86–1.44; P = 0.42).

Conclusions
The meta-analysis revealed that IV magnesium sulfate is an effective treatment in children, with the pulmonary function significantly improved and hospitalization and further treatment decreased. But nebulized magnesium sulfate treatment showed no significant effect on respiratory function or hospital admission and further treatment.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in an Incarcerated Adolescent Presents as Acute Psychosis
Authors: Neeki Michael M. , Au Christine , Richard Aurora , Peace Carlos , Jaques Sharon , Johansson Jens 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveWe aimed to describe a case of an incarcerated adolescent with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) presenting as acute psychosis.MethodsThis was a retrospective case report followed with chart and literature review.Main FindingsAn adolescent with ADEM presented with drastic behavior and personality changes that led to her incarceration for serious charges. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis leads to neuropsychiatric effects and can be seen with magnetic resonance imaging as a large mass effect that may result in a poor prognosis. This adolescent made a full recovery from her left facial droop, slurred speech, and left-sided hemiplegia, and her personality changes were reverted.ConclusionsAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis can present as acute psychosis; therefore, clinical suspicion is important when treating patients who have a history of past infectious brain diseases, especially encephalitis. Given the rapid onset of disease, physicians must be knowledgeable of the diagnosis and treatment of ADEM and be vigilant in finding organic causes of acute psychosis.
Magnetic Foreign Body Ingestions
Authors: Alfonzo Michael J. , Baum Carl R. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Magnets are inherently attractive to young children, but present a risk when ingested. If consumed alone, small, smooth magnetic foreign bodies are likely to pass without significant event; however, ingestion of multiple magnets may have catastrophic consequences, including bowel perforation, obstruction, peritonitis, and death. Increasing reports of morbidity and mortality in recent years from the US National Electronic Injury Surveillance System has led to numerous safety statements from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as several product recalls from the Consumer Product Safety Commission. This article presents the background and mechanism of injury of magnet ingestion, as well as recommended management and potential complications. We also review current legislation and opportunities for further patient advocacy regarding this polarizing problem.
Horizontal Gaze Palsy and Progressive Scoliosis With ROBO 3 Mutations in Patients From Cape Verde
Authors: Mendes Marques Nadine B. P. S. , Barros Sandra R. , Miranda Ana F. , Nobre Cardoso João , Parreira Sónia , Fonseca Teresa , Donaire Nelvia M. , Campos Nuno 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:
Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare and autosomal recessive syndrome. We describe 2 cases of HGPPS which are the first documented in patients of African ancestry from an isolated population in Cape Verde. They demonstrated typical findings on neuro-ophthalmic examination and brain magnetic resonance imaging. One patient had novel heterozymous mutations of the ROB0 3 gene.
Treatment Effects on Neonatal EEG
Authors: Obeid Rawad , Tsuchida Tammy N. 
Published: October 2016

Summary:
Conventional EEG and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography are used in neonates to assess prognosis and significant changes in brain activity. Neuroactive medications and hypothermia can influence brain activity and therefore alter EEG interpretation. There are limited studies on the effect of these therapies on neonatal EEG background activity. Medication effects on the EEG or amplitude-integrated electroencephalography include increased interburst interval duration, voltage suppression, and sleep disruption. The effect is transient in term newborns but can be persistent in premature newborns. Although therapeutic hypothermia does not produce significant changes in EEG activity, it does change the time point at which EEG can accurately predict neurodevelopmental outcome. It is important to account for these effects on the EEG to avoid inaccurate interpretation that may affect prognostication.
Kinetics and thermodynamics of living copolymerization processes
Authors: Gaspard Pierre 
Published: October 2016

Theoretical advances are reported on the kinetics and thermodynamics of free and template-directed living copolymerizations. Until recently, the kinetic theory of these processes had only been established in the fully irreversible regime, in which the attachment rates are only considered. However, the entropy production is infinite in this regime and the approach to thermodynamic equilibrium cannot be investigated. For this purpose, the detachment rates should also be included. Inspite of this complication, the kinetics can be exactly solved in the regimes of steady growth and depolymerization. In this way, analytical expressions are obtained for the mean growth velocity, the statistical properties of the copolymer sequences, as well as the thermodynamic entropy production. The results apply to DNA replication, transcription and translation, allowing us to understand important aspects of molecular evolution.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling at the physics–chemistry–biology interface’.
Multiscale simulation of molecular processes in cellular environments
Authors: Chiricotto Mara , Sterpone Fabio , Derreumaux Philippe , Melchionna Simone 
Published: October 2016

We describe the recent advances in studying biological systems via multiscale simulations. Our scheme is based on a coarse-grained representation of the macromolecules and a mesoscopic description of the solvent. The dual technique handles particles, the aqueous solvent and their mutual exchange of forces resulting in a stable and accurate methodology allowing biosystems of unprecedented size to be simulated.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling at the physics–chemistry–biology interface’.
Rapid molecular detection of Zika virus in urine using the recombinase polymerase amplification assay
Authors: El Wahed Ahmed Abd , Sanabani Sabri S. , Faye Oumar , Pessôa Rodrigo , Patriota João Veras , Giorgi Ricardo Rodrigues , Patel Pranav , Böhlken-Fascher Susanne , Landt Olfert , Niedrig Matthias , Paolo M. de A. Zanotto , Czerny Claus-Peter , Sall Amadou A. , Weidmann Manfred 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundCurrently the detection of Zika virus (ZIKV) in patient samples is done by real-time RT-PCR. Samples collected from rural area are sent to highly equipped laboratories for screening. A rapid point-of-care test is needed to detect the virus, especially at low resource settings.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn this report, we describe the development of a reverse transcription isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay for the identification of ZIKV. RT-RPA assay was portable, sensitive (21 RNA molecules), and rapid (3-15 minutes). No cross-reactivity was detected to other flaviviruses, alphaviruses and arboviruses. Compared to real-time RT-PCR, the diagnostic sensitivity was 92%, while the specificity was 100%.Conclusions/SignificanceThe developed assay is a promising platform for rapid point of need detection of ZIKV in low resource settings and elsewhere (e.g. during mass gathering).Author SummaryCurrently, Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses represent a global threat. The clinical picture of the acute febrile diseases caused by DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV is very similar, in addition, the same mosquito vector is involved in the transmission cycle. The differentiation between them is of great importance as supportive treatment differs and the identification of any of the three viruses prompts implementation of control measures to avoid spreading of an outbreak. We have developed an assay for the detection of ZIKV genome. The assay based on isothermal “recombinase polymerase amplification” assay, which was performed at one temperature (42°C). The result was obtained in maximum of 15 minutes. Moreover, the assay is easy to be implemented at low resource settings.