bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLASS AT THE CROSSROADS: Reframing Disadvantage in Organizing Daily Wage Work in Western India
Authors: Parpiani Maansi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcross Indian cities, daily wagers gather every morning at large intersections or crossroads (nakas) where they seek work for the day from small construction contractors. In the satellite city of Navi Mumbai (New Mumbai), some of these daily wagers are reconstituting themselves into a class of ‘disadvantaged, crossroad workers’. This article provides an ethnographic narration of how class is experienced, constituted and asserted at a street crossroad. Through the space of the naka, daily wagers combine their different experiences of caste, religious and regional disadvantage into a collective identity of crossroad workers. As a collective, they seek and gain recognition as workers by the state, even if their everyday terms of work continue to be largely unprotected by law. While such reframing of disadvantage has long been part of social movements in western India, their contemporary politics is conditioned by workers’ alienation from new town‐making projects, where they are seen as temporary labor migrants and must contend with landed, socio‐politically dominant groups vying for control over the city. This article contributes to growing scholarship on the resocialization of labour movements, as both work and class organizing change dramatically, particularly in contentious urban spaces like Navi Mumbai.
A meta‐analysis of the effects of democratic innovations on participants’ attitudes, behaviour and capabilities
Authors: THEUWIS MARIE‐ISABEL , VAN HAM CAROLIEN , JACOBS KRISTOF 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDemocratic innovations aim to strengthen citizen participation in democratic decision‐making processes. Building on theories of deliberative democracy, participatory democracy and direct democracy, different types of democratic innovations have been developed, ranging from mini‐publics, to participatory processes and referendums and citizens’ initiatives. Over the last four decades, an expanding number of scholars have investigated the effects of these democratic innovations on citizens. However, even though a considerable amount of research has been done, there currently exists no overview of the effects of different types of democratic innovations on citizens’ attitudes, behaviour and capabilities. In addition, it is unclear which effects prove robust across studies, and which effects require more investigation.The aim of this paper is to systematically evaluate what we know and what we do not know yet about the effects of democratic innovations on citizens who participate in them. In order to do so, we conduct a meta‐analysis of 100 quantitative empirical studies published between 1980 and 2020. We find, perhaps unsurprisingly, that mini‐publics are widely researched for their effects on citizens, whereas studies into the effects of participatory processes and referendums and citizens’ initiatives on participating citizens are much less frequent. We also find that participation in mini‐publics changes citizens’ policy attitudes and positively affects citizens’ political attitudes, knowledge, internal efficacy and reasoning skills. For participatory processes, our analyses indicate that they appear to have a positive effect on participants’ political attitudes and knowledge and no effect on participants’ internal efficacy, but there are too few studies to draw robust conclusions. Participation in referendums and citizens’ initiatives appears to have a positive effect on participants’ knowledge and internal efficacy, even though these findings should also be considered preliminary due to the limited number of studies.
HLA‐DR+ regulatory T cells and IL‐10 are associated with success or failure of desensitization outcomes
Authors: Zhou Xiaoying , Dunham Diane , Sindher Sayantani B. , Long Andrew , Fernandes Andrea , Chang Iris , Assa'ad Amal , Pongracic Jacqueline , Spergel Jonathan M. , Tam Jonathan , Tilles Stephen , Wang Julie , Boyd Scott D. , Chinthrajah R. Sharon , Nadeau Kari C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundOmalizumab (XOLAIR®)‐assisted multi‐food oral immunotherapy (mOIT) has been shown to safely, effectively, and rapidly desensitize patients with multiple food allergies. In our clinical trial (NCT02626611) on omalizumab‐assisted mOIT, different desensitization outcomes (success or failure of desensitization) were observed following a period of either continued or discontinued mOIT. However, the association between the immunological changes induced by omalizumab‐assisted mOIT and desensitization outcomes has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, due to the key roles of regulatory T (Treg) cells and the type 2 helper T cell (Th2) pathway in immune tolerance to food allergens, we aimed to characterize their association with the desensitization outcomes of omalizumab‐assisted mOIT.MethodsMass cytometry and multiplex cytokine assays were performed on blood samples obtained from participants with allergies to peanut, cashew, or milk in our phase 2 clinical study (NCT02626611). Comprehensive statistical and bioinformatic analyses were conducted on high‐dimensional cytometry‐based single‐cell data and high‐throughput multiplex cytokine data.ResultsOur results demonstrated that the frequency of HLA‐DR+ Treg cells, and the production of Th2 cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, and IL‐9) as well as the immunoregulatory cytokine IL‐10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was significantly increased in cultures with allergen compared to cultures with media alone at baseline (Week 0). We also observed increased frequency of allergen responsive HLA‐DR+ Treg cells and enhanced production of IL‐10 by PBMCs in participants who achieved successful desensitization compared to those with failure of desensitization. However, the production of Th2 cytokines by PBMCs did not show significant differences between participants with different desensitization outcomes (success vs. failure of desensitization), despite omalizumab‐assisted mOIT inducing a significant reduction in the production of Th2 cytokines.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that the frequency of HLA‐DR+ Treg cells and IL‐10 cytokine production by PBMCs are associated with desensitization outcomes of omalizumab‐assisted mOIT. These findings suggest potential immunological parameters that could be targeted to enhance desensitization success rates.
A narrative review of factors affecting memory confidence in the context of compulsive checking: A search for evidence‐based potential therapeutic targets to improve memory confidence
Authors: Abbasi Jondani Javad , Yazdkhasti Fariba 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAccording to current models of compulsive checking, memory confidence greatly contributes to the development and maintenance of checking behaviours. However, how to intervene in memory confidence in an evidence‐based manner has not yet been fully understood. Thus, the purpose of the current paper was to identify the factors influencing memory confidence through the review of experimental evidence.MethodsPubMed, Google Scholar, OpenGrey and ProQuest databases were searched by combining two sets of keywords related to memory confidence and checking. Our search yielded 24 experiments. Due to the considerable heterogeneity of the studies regarding questionnaires, tasks and paradigms used, data were synthesized using a narrative review approach.ResultsSix factors emerged from a thorough review of the literature, including negative memory belief, higher memory standard, inflated sense of responsibility, familiarization with the checked stimuli, number of checks and anxious valence of the checked stimuli.ConclusionThe findings have important implications for the treatment of compulsive checking. We suggested general guidelines to translate these factors into a novel intervention to increase memory confidence in compulsive checkers.
A critical review of management of allogeneic transplant‐eligible adults with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Shanmuganathan Naranie , Grigg Andrew 
Published: September 2024

SummaryAcute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in 20%–30% of adult patients contains the Philadelphia (Ph+) chromosome. Historically, Ph+ ALL denoted a markedly inferior outcome and long‐term survival in the absence of an allograft was uncommon. However, the advent of targeted therapy directed against the BCR::ABL1 fusion protein with various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has markedly improved the prognosis, resulting in a number of treatment controversies in allograft‐eligible patients. Which is the best TKI to use in induction? What is the clinical relevance of the subdivision of Ph+ ALL into multilineage vs lymphoid types? Do all patients in first morphological complete remission (CR1) after induction and consolidation with chemotherapy/TKI require an allograft? If not, what risk factors predict a poor outcome without an allograft? Can chemotherapy‐free approaches, such as blinatumomab in conjunction with more potent TKIs, obviate the need for an allograft in high‐risk patients? What is the best strategy to deal with persistent or emerging minimal residual disease both pre‐ and post‐transplant? Is maintenance TKI indicated in all patients post allograft? Can salvage therapy and a subsequent allograft cure patients who relapse after not being transplanted in CR1? This manuscript reviews the latest data influencing contemporary management and discusses these controversies.
Does common institutional ownership mitigate hold‐up problems along the supply chain?
Authors: Deng Yongning , Li Jing , Peng Qilin , Yao Wentao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe show that common institutional ownership (CIO) along the supply chain mitigates hold‐up problems faced by supplier–customer relationships resulting from incomplete contracts. Suppliers make more relationship‐specific investments (RSIs) measured by R&D and patent filings toward their customers that share common institutional investors. Such effect is stronger as the CIO network between a supplier and customer pair becomes wider and deeper. We establish causality by exploiting exogenous shocks to CIO using a broad sample of mergers between financial institutions and further find the CIO effects on suppliers’ innovation specificity are stronger for those who ex ante face severer hold‐up concerns. Lastly, we provide evidence that CIO involvement increases the combined valuations of supply chain pairs (mainly for customers). Our work sheds light on the hold‐up mitigation effect of CIO on firms’ decision to make RSIs along the supply chain.
The big global issues: Applied linguists and transdisciplinarity beyond SLA
Authors: Ryan Jonathon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn an age of persistent existential crises, governments and wider society are demanding from academia tangible contributions toward tackling the “big” contemporary issues, including climate change, demographic collapse, social instability, and the risks of escalating global conflict. Since all such problems involve a linguistic dimension, applied linguists are increasingly repurposing their research skills to achieve impact in such domains, far beyond the traditional scope of their core discipline. This paper discusses doing so within the distinctive framework of the Zurich approach to transdisciplinarity. Core features of the Zurich approach are sketched, and a case is made for applied linguists working alongside scientists, engineers, lawyers, and others in transdisciplinary teams focused on wicked problems.
Considerations for the design and conduct of pediatric obesity pharmacotherapy clinical trials: Proceedings of expert roundtable meetings
Authors: Kelly Aaron S. , Bahlke Melanie , Baker Jennifer L. , de Beaufort Carine , Belin Ruth M. , Fonseca Helena , Hale Paula M. , Holm Jens‐Christian , Hsia Daniel S. , Jastreboff Ania M. , Juliusson Petur B. , Murphy Madhumita , Pak Jonathan , Paul Elizabeth , Rudolph Bryan , Srivastava Gitanjali , Tornøe Christoffer W. , Weghuber Daniel , Fox Claudia K. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryAnti‐obesity medications (AOMs) have emerged as one element of comprehensive obesity clinical care intended to improve long‐term health outcomes for children and adolescents. The number of pediatric AOM clinical trials has burgeoned in recent years as new pharmacotherapeutics have been developed. Factors related to growth and development in children and adolescents can present unique challenges in terms of designing and conducting clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of AOMs. These barriers can delay the AOM development and evaluation process, increase the cost of performing trials, create challenges in the interpretation of results, influence the generalizability of the findings and present ethical dilemmas. In an effort to address these issues and provide guidance to streamline the process of designing and conducting pediatric AOM clinical trials, relevant key stakeholders convened a series of roundtable meetings to discuss, debate and achieve harmonization on design features. Stakeholder participants included a multidisciplinary group of international pediatric obesity experts, patient (parent) representatives and representatives from academic medicine, key regulatory agencies and industry. Topics of discussion included primary efficacy end‐points, secondary end‐points, eligibility criteria, trial run‐in and follow‐up phases, use of active comparators and guidelines for down‐titration and/or stopping rules for excessive weight reduction. Consensus recommendations were agreed upon. Regarding end‐points, emphasis was placed on moving away from BMI z‐score as a primary outcome, incorporating multiple alternative BMI‐related outcomes and measuring adiposity/body fat as a prominent secondary end‐point. Trial eligibility criteria were carefully considered to maximize generalizability while maintaining safety. The limited value of trial run‐in phases was discussed. It was also underscored that designing trials with extended follow‐up periods after AOM withdrawal should be avoided owing to ethical issues (including possible psychological harm) related to weight regain without providing the opportunity to access other treatments. The panel emphasized the value of the randomized, placebo‐controlled trial but recommended the thoughtful consideration of the use of active comparators in addition to, or instead of, placebo to achieve clinical equipoise when appropriate. Finally, the panel recommended that clinical trial protocols should include clear guidance regarding AOM down‐titration to avoid excessive weight reduction when applicable.
Influence of variance component estimates on genomic predictions for growth and reproductive‐related traits in Nellore cattle
Authors: Cardona‐Cifuentes Daniel , Neira Juan Diego Rodriguez , Albuquerque Lucia G. , Espigolan Rafael , Gonzalez‐Herrera Luis Gabriel , Amorim Sabrina Thaise , López‐Correa Rodrigo D. , Aguilar Ignacio , Baldi Fernando 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to estimate variance components (VCs) for growth and reproductive traits in Nellore cattle using two relationship matrices (pedigree relationship A matrix and pedigree plus genomic relationship H matrix), and records collected before and after genomic selection (GS) implementation. The study also evaluated how genomic breeding values (GEBV) are affected by variance components and discarding old records. The analysed traits were weight at 120 days (W120), weight and scrotal circumference at 450 days (W450 and SC450, respectively). Three datasets were used to estimate VCs, including all phenotypic information (All) or records for animals born before or after GS implementation (Before or After datasets, respectively). Both relationship matrices were considered for VC estimation, the A matrix was used in all three datasets and VC from each combination were named as A_Before, A_After, and A_All). The H was used in two datasets: H_All and H_After. Different VCs were used for GEBV prediction through ssGBLUP. This step used two possible Datasets, using all available phenotypic data (Dataset 1) or just records collected since GS implementation (Dataset 2). Validation was conducted using accuracy, bias and dispersion according to the LR method and prediction accuracy from corrected phenotypes. The heritability of all traits increased from A_Before to A_After, while estimates for A_All were intermediary. In the previous order, the estimates were 0.16, 0.17, and 0.15 for W120; 0.31, 0.39, and 0.35 for W450; 0.35, 0.47, and 0.41 for SC. For W450 and SC, using the H matrix reduced the heritability (0.33 and 0.32 for W450; 0.41 and 0.38 for SC for H_After and H_All, respectively). For W120, Dataset1 and VCs from A_After showed the highest accuracy for direct and maternal GEBV (0.953 and 0.868). For W450, Dataset 1 and VC from H_After allowed the highest accuracy (0.854) but use Dataset 2 and same VC source yield similar value (0.846). For SC, Dataset 2 with VC from H_After showed the highest accuracy (0.925). To use Dataset 2 does not cause important changes in bias or dispersion with respect to Dataset 1. The VC and genetic parameters changed for W120, W450, and SC450, using records before or after the GS implementation. For W450 and SC450, genetic variance and heritability estimates increased with the use of GS. For W120, genomic predictions were more accurate using A for VC estimation. Accuracy gains were observed for W450 and SC450 using H in VC estimation and/or discarding records before GS. It is possible to discard phenotypic records before GS implementation without generating bias or dispersion in the GEBV of young candidates.
Evaluation of a casein glycomacropeptide‐based protein substitute, in the dietary management of NTBC‐induced tyrosinaemia in patients with alkaptonuria: A prospective open‐label study
Authors: Judd Shirley , Hutton Ali , Thomas Grace , Hill Heather 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground2‐(2‐Nitro‐4‐trifluoromethylbenzoyl)‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione (NTBC) treatment of alkaptonuria (AKU) leads to increased blood tyrosine levels, causing skin issues and potentially sight‐threatening corneal keratopathy. Adherence to dietary management of NTBC‐induced tyrosinemia, a low‐protein diet with or without protein substitutes, can be difficult for patients. This 28‐day interventional study evaluated a low tyrosine casein glycomacropeptide (cGMP) protein substitute (TYR sphere)®, a 20 g protein equivalent, cGMP‐based protein substitute, in terms of adherence, palatability, usability, comparison to amino acid (AA)–based protein substitutes, gastrointestinal tolerance and metabolic control in adults with NTBC‐induced tyrosinaemia.MethodsFour adults (mean 61.1 years, range 53.3–69.3 years) with AKU and NTBC‐induced tyrosinaemia were recruited from the United Kingdom National Alkaptonuria Centre (NAC). The cGMP protein substitute was prescribed based on individual nutritional requirements, replacing ≥1 AA‐based protein substitute. Participants recorded product‐related data in study diaries, using five‐point Likert scales and daily and weekly logs. To determine metabolic control, prestudy blood tyrosine levels were compared to weekly blood spot tests during the study.ResultsMedian cGMP protein substitute adherence was 98%. Most participants rated palatability and usability positively, and preferred cGMP protein substitute to AA‐based products. There were no notable gastrointestinal changes, and metabolic control was maintained.ConclusionscGMP protein substitute is a palatable and well‐tolerated option in the dietary management of AKU patients with NTBC‐induced tyrosinaemia.
Troxerutin Delays Skin Keratinocyte Senescence Induced by Ionizing Radiation Both In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Chen Juping , Yang Jinghui , Ma Jiang , Sun Xiaoming , Wang Yuxuan , Luan Changjiao , Chen Jiaxiao , Liu Weili , Shan Qing , Ma Xingjie 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundsWith the increasing demand for beauty and a healthy lifespan, studies regarding anti‐skin aging have drawn much more attention than ever before. Skin cellular senescence, the primary cause of skin aging, is characterized by a cell cycle arrest in proliferating cells along with a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can be triggered by various internal or external stimuli.AimsRecent studies have made significant progress in the fields of anti‐senescence and anti‐aging. However, little is known about the roles and functions of natural compounds, particularly flavonoids, in skin cellular senescence studies.MethodsIn this study, using strategies including ionizing radiation (IR), senescence‐associated β galactosidase assay (SA‐β‐Gal), immunofluorescence (IF), flow cytometry, PCR array, as well as in vivo experiments, we investigated the effects and roles of troxerutin (Trx), a natural flavonoid, in skin keratinocyte senescence.ResultsWe found that Trx delays skin keratinocyte senescence induced by IR. Mechanistically, Trx protects the skin keratinocyte cells from senescence by alleviating reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage caused by IR. In addition, Trx was also proved to relieve skin senescence and SASP secretion in vivo induced by IR stimulation.ConclusionsAltogether, our findings pointed to a new function of Trx in delaying stress‐induced skin keratinocyte senescence, and should thus provide theoretical foundations for exploring novel strategies against skin aging.
Host preference explains the high endemism of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a dipterocarp rainforest
Authors: Sato Hirotoshi , Lain Ajuwin , Mizuno Takafumi , Yamashita Satoshi , Hassan Jamilah Binti , Othman Khairunnisa Binti , Itioka Takao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEctomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are important tree symbionts within forests. The biogeography of ECM fungi remains to be investigated because it is challenging to observe and identify species. Because most ECM plant taxa have a Holarctic distribution, it is difficult to evaluate the extent to which host preference restricts the global distribution of ECM fungi. To address this issue, we aimed to assess whether host preference enhances the endemism of ECM fungi that inhabit dipterocarp rainforests. Highly similar sequences of 175 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for ECM fungi that were obtained from Lambir Hill's National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia, were searched for in a nucleotide sequence database. Using a two‐step binomial model, the probability of presence for the query OTUs and the registration rate of barcode sequences in each country were simultaneously estimated. The results revealed that the probability of presence in the respective countries increased with increasing species richness of Dipterocarpaceae and decreasing geographical distance from the study site (i.e. Lambir). Furthermore, most of the ECM fungi were shown to be endemic to Malaysia and neighbouring countries. These findings suggest that not only dispersal limitation but also host preference are responsible for the high endemism of ECM fungi in dipterocarp rainforests. Moreover, host preference likely determines the areas where ECM fungi potentially expand and dispersal limitation creates distance–decay patterns within suitable habitats. Although host preference has received less attention than dispersal limitation, our findings support that host preference has a profound influence on the global distribution of ECM fungi.