bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformational SERS Classification of K‐Ras Point Mutations for Cancer Diagnostics
Authors: Morla‐Folch Judit , Gisbert‐Quilis Patricia , Masetti Matteo , Garcia‐Rico Eduardo , Alvarez‐Puebla Ramon A. , Guerrini Luca 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPoint mutations in Ras oncogenes are routinely screened for diagnostics and treatment of tumors (especially in colorectal cancer). Here, we develop an optical approach based on direct SERS coupled with chemometrics for the study of the specific conformations that single‐point mutations impose on a relatively large fragment of the K‐Ras gene (141 nucleobases). Results obtained offer the unambiguous classification of different mutations providing a potentially useful insight for diagnostics and treatment of cancer in a sensitive, fast, direct and inexpensive manner.
Polyethylenimine‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube for the adsorption of hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Chu Yineng , Tang Donglin , Ke Zhijun , Ma Jie , Li Ruihai 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFunctionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized with ethane diamine and polyethylenimine (PEI) with molecular weights of 1800 [MWCNT‐PEI weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) = 1800] and 70,000 (MWCNT‐PEI Mw = 70,000), respectively. The structures and properties of the ethane diamine functionalized MWCNTs and PEI‐functionalized MWCNTs were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. An increase with the D/G (D, Disorder band; G, Graphite) ratio of the functionalized MWCNTs in the Raman spectra proved that the ethane diamine and PEI were successfully bonded to the surface of the pristine MWCNTs. The results of TGA also confirmed this. In addition, the structure of the functionalized MWCNTs showed no significant changes compared with the pristine MWCNTs; this was confirmed by X‐ray powder diffraction. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sorption on the functionalized MWCNTs was studied by UV spectroscopy. As expected, the results of UV spectroscopy shows that the MWCNTs bonded with higher molecular weight PEI had a more excellent H2S adsorption efficiency than those bonded with low‐molecular‐weight PEI and ethane diamine, a micromolecular amine. The effects of the pH and temperature on the adsorption of H2S were also studied. Under the conditions investigated, the maximum first‐time H2S adsorption efficiency of 1.94 mmol/g was observed for MWCNT‐PEI (Mw = 70,000) in the 60 mg/L sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) aqueous solution. In addition, the H2S reversible adsorption of the functionalized MWCNTs was conducted, and the second‐time H2S adsorption efficiency of MWCNT‐PEI (Mw = 70,000) reached 1.83 mmol/g in the 60 mg/L NaHS aqueous solution. The results demonstrate that the MWCNTs decorated with high‐molecular‐weight PEI were potentially excellent and reversible H2S adsorbents. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44742.
The Controllability of Fractional Damped Stochastic Integrodifferential Systems
Authors: Sathiyaraj T. , Balasubramaniam P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the complete controllability is investigated for nonlinear fractional damped stochastic integrodifferential system in finite dimensional space. Using linear controllability theory, sufficient conditions ensuring complete controllability are derived based on controllability Grammian matrix which is defined by Mittag‐Leffler matrix function and fixed‐point techniques. Finally, two numerical examples are given to verify the proposed conditions.
Combined effect of therapeutic strategies for bleeding injury on early survival, transfusion needs and correction of coagulopathy
Authors: Balvers K , van Dieren S , Baksaas-Aasen K , Gaarder C , Brohi K , Eaglestone S , Stanworth S , Johansson P I , Ostrowski S R , Stensballe J , Maegele M , Goslings J C , Juffermans N P , Bergman R , Naess P A , Kolstadbråten K M , Rourke C , Gall L , Curry N , Stürmer E K , Schäfer N , Driessen A , Orr A , Schubert A , Görlinger K , Harrison M , Buchanan J , Char A , Neble S , Sayel H 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background
The combined effects of balanced transfusion ratios and use of procoagulant and antifibrinolytic therapies on trauma-induced exsanguination are not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of transfusion ratios, tranexamic acid and products containing fibrinogen on the outcome of injured patients with bleeding.

Methods
A prospective multicentre observational study was performed in six level 1 trauma centres. Injured patients who received at least 4 units of red blood cells (RBCs) were analysed and divided into groups receiving a low (less than 1 : 1) or high (1 or more : 1) ratio of plasma or platelets to RBCs, and in receipt or not of tranexamic acid or fibrinogen products (fibrinogen concentrates or cryoprecipitate). Logistic regression models were used to assess the effect of transfusion strategies on the outcomes ‘alive and free from massive transfusion’ (at least 10 units of RBCs in 24 h) and early ‘normalization of coagulopathy’ (defined as an international normalized ratio of 1·2 or less).

Results
A total of 385 injured patients with ongoing bleeding were included in the study. Strategies that were independently associated with an increased number of patients alive and without massive transfusion were a high platelet to RBC ratio (odds ratio (OR) 2·67, 95 per cent c.i. 1·24 to 5·77; P = 0·012), a high plasma to RBC ratio (OR 2·07, 1·03 to 4·13; P = 0·040) and treatment with tranexamic acid (OR 2·71, 1·29 to 5·71; P = 0·009). No strategies were associated with correction of coagulopathy.

Conclusion
A high platelet or plasma to RBC ratio, and use of tranexamic acid were associated with a decreased need for massive transfusion and increased survival in injured patients with bleeding. Early normalization of coagulopathy was not seen for any transfusion ratio, or for use of tranexamic acid or fibrinogen products.
Optimization of the Reaction Conditions for Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Pretreated Lignin over Zeolite for the Production of Phenol
Authors: Ma Zhiqiang , Ghosh Ashim , Asthana Navinchandra , van Bokhoven Jeroen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignin for the production of phenols over commercial zeolites was studied in‐depth. The results show that the production of phenols depended on several parameters, such as lignin pretreatment methods, pyrolysis temperature, zeolite structure and acidity, pyrolysis time, and feed‐to‐catalyst weight ratio. Lignin pretreatments had a significant influence on the liquid‐product distribution. Hydrogen chloride pretreatment of lignin increased the depolymerization of the lignin matrix, resulting in an increase of the liquid yield, as well as the phenol fraction. High temperature (e.g., 650 °C) and a fast heating rate (20 °C ms−1) were required to depolymerize lignin and increase the yield of liquid products, and large‐pore‐size zeolites (e.g., FAU) with Si/Al of approximately 15 favored the formation of phenols. A long pyrolysis time (20 s) was also beneficial for phenol to desorb from the catalyst. The medium feed‐to‐catalyst weight ratio of approximately 1:1 prevented further conversion of phenols to deoxygenated products such as aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and xylene).
Hydrogen Purification Using Polybenzimidazole Mixed‐Matrix Membranes with Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles
Authors: Suhaimi Hani Shazwani Mohd , Leo Choe Peng , Ahmad Abdul Latif 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPalladium (Pd) nanoparticles stabilized by polyethylene glycol were incorporated into polybenzimidazole (PBI) to form a mixed‐matrix membrane (MMM) for hydrogen (H2) purification. Energy dispersive X‐ray results confirmed the existence of Pd nanoparticles in the PBI matrix. These dense membranes showed a homogeneously dispersed morphology in scanning electron microscope images that proves the excellent interphase affinity between PBI matrix and Pd nanoparticles. Unlike Pd membranes, the PBI(Pd) MMMs interact with H2 starting from a low temperature as indicated in temperature‐programmed reduction analysis. At elevated operating temperature, the PBI(Pd) MMM exhibited a higher selectivity compared to the neat PBI membrane. The PBI(Pd) MMM also surpassed the Robeson plot which represents the permeability/selectivity trade‐off.
Breaking the Gordian Knot in the Structural Chemistry of Polyoxometalates: Copper(II)–Oxo/Hydroxo Clusters
Authors: Kondinski Aleksandar , Monakhov Kirill Yu. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis Concept article provides insights into the molecular design and construction aspects of polyoxocuprates (POCus), an emerging class of polyoxometalate (POM)‐like architectures featuring low‐to‐high nuclearity copper(II)–oxo/hydroxo skeletons. POCus have been identified to adopt the structural principles of classical POMs consisting of early transition metals. Their potential to afford motifs of the noble‐metal‐based POMs is exploited. “Cross‐structural topological transformation” is introduced to generalize skeletal relationships between POCus and POMs. The study opens up strategies toward the brand‐new structural chemistry of POCus with relevance to homogeneous photocatalysis, medicinal chemistry, molecular magnetism, and quantum computing.
Homo‐C‐nucleoside analogs IV. Synthesis of 4‐(2,5‐anhydro‐D‐altro‐pentitol‐1‐yl)‐2‐phenyl‐2H‐1,2,3‐triazole homo‐C‐nucleoside. CD assignment of the absolute configuration of the carbon bridge
Authors: Sallam Mohammed A.E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDehydrative cyclization of 4‐(D‐altro‐pentitol‐1‐yl)2‐phenyl‐2H‐1,2,3‐triazole in basic medium with one moler equivalent of p‐toluene sulfonyl chloride in pyridine solution gave the homo‐C‐nucleoside 4‐(2,5‐anhydro‐D‐altro‐1‐yl)‐2‐phenyl‐2H‐1,2,3‐triazole. The structure and anomeric configuration was determined by acylation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectroscopy. The stereochemistry at the carbon bridge of homo‐C‐nucleoside 2‐phenyl‐2H‐1,2,3‐triazoles was determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy.
A cutting edge solution to monitor formation damage due to scale deposition: Application to oil recovery
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad Ali , Mohammadzadeh Omidreza , Zendehboudi Sohrab 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOne of the detrimental issues in upstream oil industry is permeability impairment in oil reservoirs. The permeability may be reduced because of scale deposition originated from injected water incompatibility with the in‐situ water. To tackle this issue and monitor permeability impairment owing to scale deposition, an inventive evolutionary approach of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is utilized which is based on the bio‐inspired science. This approach is optimized by various optimization algorithms which provide a high‐precision decision‐making process with low uncertainty associated with the interconnected weights of the developed neural network model. The constructed intelligent approaches are evaluated using extensive experimental data from the open literature. Moreover, two regression models are developed to highlight the robustness and precision of the addressed techniques. For model validation, the predictions obtained from the smart technique as well as the regression method are compared with the formation damage experimental data. Based on various performance criteria, it was obtained that the predictions from the optimized genetic algorithm have infinitesimal average relative and absolute deviation from the experimental data (< 0.1 %). The results obtained in the current research prove that implication of HGAPSO‐ANN in monitoring of formation damage associated with scale deposition in porous media results in reliable estimation of permeability impairment. This can result in designing a more reliable reservoir simulation model that captures the permeability impairment due to scale deposition, hence providing thorough action plans for developing EOR technologies that may cause scale deposition‐related formation damage.
Next‐generation sequencing of liquid‐based cytology non–small cell lung cancer samples
Authors: Reynolds Jordan P. , Zhou Yaolin , Jakubowski Maureen A. , Wang Zhen , Brainard Jennifer A. , Klein Roger D. , Farver Carol F. , Almeida Francisco A. , Cheng Yu‐Wei 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUNDThe detection of mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with residual cell pellets derived from liquid‐based cytology (LBC) samples (eg, endoscopic ultrasound–guided fine‐needle aspiration) has been validated with allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction. The aim of this study was to validate next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology for detecting gene mutations with residual cell pellets from LBC.METHODSArchived DNA extracted from LBC samples of adenocarcinoma stored in PreservCyt with a known EGFR mutation status was retrieved. Genomic DNA was multiplex‐amplified and enriched with Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 chemistry and the OneTouch 2 instrument; this was followed by semiconductor sequencing on the Ion Personal Genome Machine platform. The mutation hotspots of 6 NSCLC‐related genes (BRAF, EGFR, ERBB2, KRAS, MET, and phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit α [PIK3CA]) were analyzed with NextGENe and Torrent Suite bioinformatics tools.RESULTSThe commonly identified EGFR sequence changes, including 4 L858R mutations, 3 exon 19 deletions, and 1 exon 20 insertion, were in 100% concordance between the assay platforms. Less common NSCLC variants were also found in the mutation hotspots of ERBB2, KRAS, MET, and PIK3CA genes.CONCLUSIONSNSCLC mutation analysis using NGS can be successfully performed on residual cell pellets derived from LBC samples. This approach allows the simultaneous examination of multiple mutation hotspots in a timely manner to improve patient care. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:178–187. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Molecular Analysis of Gene Rearrangements and Mutations in Acute Leukemias and Myeloid Neoplasms
Authors: Sholl Lynette M. , Longtine Janina , Kuo Frank C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA subset of acute leukemias and other myeloid neoplasms contains specific genetic alterations, many of which are associated with unique clinical and pathologic features. These alterations include chromosomal rearrangements leading to oncogenic fusion proteins or alteration of gene expression by juxtaposing oncogenes to enhancer elements, as well as mutations leading to aberrant activation of a variety of proteins critical to hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Molecular analysis is central to diagnosis and clinical management of leukemias, permitting genetic confirmation of a clinical and histologic impression, providing prognostic and predictive information, and facilitating detection of minimal residual disease. This unit will outline approaches to the molecular diagnosis of the most frequent and clinically relevant genetic alterations in acute leukemias and myeloid neoplasms. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Simple Protoplast‐Based Method for Screening Potent Artificial miRNA for Maximal Gene Silencing in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Nannan , Zhang Dandan , Li Jian‐Feng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe unpredictability of in planta silencing efficiency of artificial micro RNAs (amiRNAs) has greatly limited the application of the amiRNA technology in basic and applied plant research. This unit describes a simple and robust method called the epitope‐tagged protein‐based amiRNA (ETPamir) screen for identifying the most effective amiRNA for silencing a particular Arabidopsis gene. After selecting three to four amiRNA candidates designed by the WMD3 web server for the target gene, the silencing efficiencies of the amiRNA candidates can be compared by co‐expressing individual amiRNAs with the target mRNA encoding an epitope‐tagged target protein in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. By monitoring target protein levels through immunoblotting with commercial “anti‐tag” antibodies, the most potent amiRNA can be easily identified as the one with minimal target protein accumulation. This empirical method bypasses the complexity of amiRNA silencing mechanisms and the scarcity of plant specific antibodies, and can be applied to a broad range of plant species. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Immunization of Mice
Authors: Maira‐Litrán Tomás 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe selection of an appropriate immunization strategy depends largely on the properties of an antigen, including its nature, purity, solubility, and availability. This unit describes the critical steps in the production of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against soluble molecules (such as proteins, peptides, polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, or hapten‐conjugate vaccines), complex antigens (such as whole pathogens or outer membrane vesicles), and antigens embedded in or eluted from gel matrix following electrophoresis. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fungal spores and fruiting bodies in cervicovaginal smears: Contaminant or infection?
Authors: Kini Hema , Kini Jyoti R. , Suman Ethel , Rai Sharada 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundContaminants from various sources are curious findings in cervicovaginal smears and pose diagnostic challenges especially when they need to be distinguished from pathogens. Candidiasis is the most frequently encountered fungal infection but fungal contaminants are relatively common. Detection of fruiting bodies and spores of Aspergillus species is uncommon and may represent either a true infection or contamination. This study was undertaken to evaluate the presence of fungal spores, hyphae, and fruiting bodies in routine cervical smears and distinguish a true infection from contamination.MethodsConventional cervicovaginal smears collected from women were incidentally found to have fungal fruiting bodies and spores. All smears received in the Cytology Department during that one month were reviewed for the presence of these elements.ResultsFive out of the 120 smears, received from the outpatient department over a period of three consecutive days, showed evidence of fungal organisms. The patients were 28–59 years of age. While four patients were asymptomatic, only one patient complained of minimal vaginal discharge. All were immunocompetent. Cervicovaginal smears were prepared as part of routine screening. Fungal fruiting bodies, branching hyphae and numerous spores were seen in otherwise normal smears. Culture of scrapings from the surface of the wooden spatulas grew Aspergillus niger.ConclusionsContamination of Pap smears by fungus must be distinguished from true infection, the latter being supported by positive clinical findings and the presence of significant inflammation in the smears. Literature review was done to see the range of contaminants detected in Pap smears. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:191–194. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Removal of Ethylene and By‐Products Using Packed Bed Dielectric Barrier Discharge with Ag Nanoparticle‐Loaded Zeolite
Authors: NISHIMURA JUNKI , KAWAMURA TOMOYA , TAKAHASHI KATSUYUKI , TERAMOTO YOSHIYUKI , TAKAKI KOICHI , KOIDE SHOJI , SUGA MASAYA , ORIKASA TAKAHIRO , UCHINO TOSHITAKA 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYEthylene gas was decomposed using packed‐bed type dielectric barrier discharge (PBDBD) plasma reactor to keep freshness of fruits. The ethylene gas was diluted with gas mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide as simulated gas in the transportation container. The PBDBD plasma was generated by a pulse switching power supply, which consisted of MOS‐FET switching devices, capacitors, and pulse transformers. The Ag nanoparticle‐loaded zeolite as catalyst has high activity and good performance for reduction of ozone and oxidizing carbon monoxide at room temperature. The Ag nanoparticle‐loaded zeolite pellets enhanced ethylene removal efficiency and reduced ozone and carbon monoxide produced by the plasma treatment. It was confirmed that the carbon monoxide in the gas simulated dry air composition was oxidized using Ag nanoparticle‐loaded zeolite with plasma treatment.
Development of an All‐Fiber Coherent Beam Combining System toward High Energy Pulse Fiber Lasers
Authors: KAMBAYASHI YUTA , YOSHIDA MINORU , INOUE TATSUKI 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYOur present work develops an all‐fiber coherent beam combining (CBC) system to achieve a high energy pulse fiber laser beyond pulse energy limits due to nonlinear effects in rare‐earth‐doped fibers. Coherent beam combining is a power addition technology that obtains high energy density and high beam quality because it integrates multiple laser beams in a monolight wave. However, the CBC using optical fibers is technically difficult because the optical phases and polarization in optical fibers fluctuate due to disturbances. Therefore, we developed a novel all‐fiber CBC system that can precisely control optical path lengths and automatically compensate polarization changes. When the system combined four laser pulses, it achieved a beam‐combining efficiency of 96.6% that was about four times as high as a pulse energy before combining. In addition, the system obtained 97.1% beam‐combining efficiency of CBC using femtosecond pulses that have very low coherences by minimizing the optical path‐length differences between combined two pulses. Moreover, the system successfully regulated the beam‐combining‐efficiency changes to less than 2.0 percentage points in full width by suppressing optical path‐length fluctuations and tracking‐control of the optical phases.
An Adaptive Notch Gain Using an Inverse Notch Filter and a Linear Prediction Filter
Authors: NAKAMURA YOUHEI , KAWAMURA ARATA , IIGUNI YOUJI 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYThis paper proposes an adaptive notch filter that automatically adjusts the notch frequency and notch gain, where they are the null frequency and the depth of the null, respectively. The proposed notch filter consists of an inverse notch filter and a linear prediction filter, and gives an appropriate filter gain which can eliminate a sinusoidal noise and extract only a wide‐band signal even if they share the same frequency. We compare the capability of the proposed notch filter with traditional methods. Simulation results show that the proposed system improves the SNR in comparison to the conventional methods.
Development of a Portable System for Detection of Thermally Grown Oxide Layer in Thermal Barrier Coating
Authors: FUKUCHI TETSUO , OKADA MITSUTOSHI , FUJII TOMOHARU 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYThermal barrier coating (TBC) is applied to high temperature components in gas turbines. The thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer, which forms at the interface between the topcoat and the bondcoat, is an origin of topcoat damage, which can lead to delamination of the topcoat. In order to detect the TGO layer in in‐service components, a portable detection system based on photoluminescence was developed. The system consists of a compact, continuous wave Nd:YAG laser of wavelength 532 nm to excite Cr3+ included as an impurity in Al2O3 and a compact spectrometer with a two‐dimensional CCD array for enhanced sensitivity to detect the photoluminescence from Cr3+ at 694.3 nm (R1) and 692.9 nm (R2). An optical probe is used to illuminate the specimen with laser light and to collect the photoluminescence. The probing region is a circle of diameter 5 mm. The optical probe is coupled to the main body by an optical fiber, which allows flexibility to match specimens with curved surfaces or complex structures. The system performance was tested using TBC specimens heated at 1000 °C and 1100 °C, and an as‐sprayed, unheated TBC specimen. Photoluminescence (R1 and R2) was observed from heated specimens and was not observed from the unheated specimen, and agreed with previous measurement results. This system can be used for screening test of topcoat delamination inspection, since delamination is likely to occur at locations where the TGO layer has grown.