bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Good Enough Support? Exploring the Attitudes, Knowledge and Experiences of Practitioners in Social Services and Child Welfare Working with Mothers with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Strnadová Iva , Bernoldová Jana , Adamčíková Zdeňka , Klusáček Jan 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThis study examined the attitudes, knowledge and experiences of practitioners in social services and child welfare working with mothers with intellectual disability.MethodThe authors used a national survey, which was completed by 329 participants. Descriptive statistics and frequency tables were generated, and the associations between variables and differences between various subgroups of the sample were made. The open questions were analysed using the processes involved in content analysis.ResultsThe findings indicated that the participants had limited knowledge of available supports and services for mothers with intellectual disability. Furthermore, many participants believed that mothers with intellectual disability should have an abortion should they become pregnant. The findings show practitioners' stereotyped attitudes towards mothers with intellectual disability.ConclusionsWorkers in the area of social services and child welfare need access to training and professional development in the area of supporting mothers with intellectual disability.
Regulatory non‐coding RNAs in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Guo Yuan , Luo Fei , Liu Qiong , Xu Danyan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases that leads to high mortality and morbidity globally. Various therapeutic targets for AMI have been investigated in recent years, including the non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs). NcRNAs, a class of RNA molecules that typically do not code proteins, are divided into several subgroups. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) are widely studied for their modulation of several pathological aspects of AMI, including cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. It has emerged that long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) also regulate these processes via interesting mechanisms. However, the regulatory functions of ncRNAs in AMI and their underlying functional mechanisms have not been systematically described. In this review, we summarize the recent findings involving ncRNA actions in AMI and briefly describe the novel mechanisms of these ncRNAs, highlighting their potential application as therapeutic targets in AMI.
Delirium: A Survey of Healthcare Professionals’ Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices
Authors: Sinvani Liron , Kozikowski Andrzej , Pekmezaris Renee , Akerman Meredith , Wolf‐Klein Gisele 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding delirium of physicians, nurse practitioners (NPs), and registered nurses (RNs).DesignAnonymous cross‐sectional paper survey.SettingNew York metropolitan area tertiary care hospital.ParticipantsRNs, NPs, and physicians (N = 164).MeasurementsThe survey assessed knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding delirium and prior delirium or geriatric training.ResultsOf the 200 surveys distributed, 164 were completed (82% response rate). Of these, 61.7% were RNs, 13.6% were NPs, and 20.7% were physicians. Mean participant age was 36.3. The majority (80.1%) were female; 56.5% were white, 18.1% Asian, 8.7% Hispanic, 8.0% black, and 8.7% other. Of the seven potential barriers to delirium screening assessed, the three most frequently reported were lack of conceptual understanding of delirium (48.0%), similarity of delirium and dementia (41.4%), and the fluctuating nature of delirium (38.1%). Physicians were more likely than NPs and RNs to report being confident in identifying delirium (P = .002) and to score higher on the delirium knowledge assessment (P < .001). Participants who received geriatrics training were significantly more likely than those who did not to be confident in identifying delirium (P = .005) and to score higher on overall delirium knowledge assessment (P = .003).ConclusionGeriatric training is associated with more confidence in delirium screening and higher delirium knowledge scores. There is an urgent need to broaden the approach to delirium education of nurses and physicians caring for hospitalized older adults using comprehensive multidisciplinary geriatric educational models.
Association of Multimorbidity with Mortality and Healthcare Utilization in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bowling C. Barrett , Plantinga Laura , Phillips Lawrence S. , McClellan William , Echt Katharina , Chumbler Neale , McGwin Gerald , Vandenberg Ann , Allman Richard M. , Johnson Theodore M. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesChronic kidney disease (CKD) almost universally occurs in individuals with other medical problems. However, few studies have described CKD‐related multimorbidity using a framework that identifies chronic conditions as concordant (having overlap in treatment goals) versus discordant (having opposing treatment recommendations) and unrelated (having no overlap, but contributing to complexity via different resource requirements).DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingVeterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers.ParticipantsVA patients (n = 821,334) ages 18–100 years with at least one outpatient visit and incident CKD defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for at least 3 months between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2008 after excluding prevalent CKD.MeasurementsWe determined the associations of number of chronic conditions (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more) stratified by the presence of one or more discordant/unrelated conditions with mortality, hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits.ResultsThere were 381,187 deaths over 6.8 median years of follow‐up. Higher risks of death, hospitalization and ED visits were associated with higher number of chronic conditions, among those with and without discordant/unrelated conditions. However, the magnitudes of the associations were consistently larger when at least one discordant/unrelated condition was present. For example, compared to patients with one concordant condition, patients with six or more concordant conditions had an age‐, race‐ and sex‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for mortality of 1.72 (95% CI 1.64–1.80) whereas those with six or more conditions, at least one of which was discordant/unrelated, had a HR of 2.05 (2.01–2.09) (P‐interaction <0.001).ConclusionsThe presence of one or more discordant/unrelated conditions was associated with increased risk for adverse health outcomes, beyond the effect of multimorbidity.
The effects of spaced retrieval training in improving hyperphagia of people living with dementia in residential settings
Authors: Hsu Chia‐Ning , Lin Li‐Chan , Wu Shiao‐Chi 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the effectiveness of spaced retrieval for improving hyperphagia in patients with dementia in residential care settings.BackgroundAlthough 10–30% of patients with dementia have hyperphagia, most studies have focused on eating difficulties. Only a few studies have focused on hyperphagia. Various memory problems cause hyperphagia in patients with dementia. Spaced retrieval, a cognitive technique for information learning, can be used as a training method to improve memory loss. Recent studies showed that patients who received the training successfully memorised information learned in the training and correctly applied it to their daily lives.Study designSingle‐blind experiments were performed.MethodsThe 97 subjects with dementia were recruited from seven institutions. All research participants were stratified into three groups according to cognitive impairment severity and Hyperphagic Behavior Scale scores and then randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a six‐week one‐by‐one spaced retrieval training for hyperphagia behaviour. The control group received routine care.ResultsAfter the intervention, the frequency and severity of hyperphagia in the patients with dementia, and food intake were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. However, body mass index did not significantly differ.ConclusionOur results suggest that the spaced retrieval training could decrease the frequency and severity of hyperphagia in patients with dementia. The content of this training programme is consistent with the normal manner of eating in daily life and is easy for patients to understand and perform. Therefore, it can be applied in residents’ daily lives.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study confirms the efficacy of the spaced retrieval training protocol for hyperphagia in patients with dementia. In future studies, the follow‐up duration can be increased to determine the long‐term effectiveness of the intervention.
The Effects of DWI‐Infarct Lesion Volume on DWI‐FLAIR Mismatch: Is There a Need for Size Stratification?
Authors: Payabvash Seyedmehdi , Taleb Shayandokht , Benson John C. , Rykken Jeffrey B. , Oswood Mark C. , McKinney Alexander M. , Hoffman Benjamin 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe lack of fluid‐attenuated inversion‐recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity in areas of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) high signal, or DWI‐FLAIR mismatch, is a potential imaging biomarker for timing of stroke onset. We aimed to determine the effects of DWI infarct lesion volume on DWI‐FLAIR mismatch and its accuracy for identification of strokes within intravenous (IV) the thrombolytic therapy window.METHODSAcute ischemic stroke patients with magnetic resonance imaging scan within 12 hours of witnessed stroke were included. Two neuroradiologists independently reviewed DWI and FLAIR sequences for DWI‐FLAIR mismatch in areas of restricted diffusion compared to the contralateral normal side.RESULTSDWI‐FLAIR mismatch was identified in 21/82 (26%) patients. Infarct lesions with DWI‐FLAIR mismatch were scanned earlier (3.8 ± .3 vs. 7.5 ± .3 hours from onset, P < .001) and were smaller in size (8.9±2.3 vs. 43.1±11.9 mL, P = .007) compared to lesions without mismatch. Multivariate regression analysis showed a significant interaction between lesion volume and time‐from‐onset in relationship with the presence of DWI‐FLAIR mismatch (P = .045). The presence of DWI‐FLAIR mismatch had 56% sensitivity, 83% specificity, 48% positive predictive value (PPV), and 87% negative predictive value (NPV) for identification of infarction within 4.5 hours of symptom onset; while for infarct lesions >15 mL, the DWI‐FLAIR mismatch had 100% specificity and PPV for acute infarcts within 4.5 hours of onset.CONCLUSIONThe effects of stroke onset‐to‐scan time gap on DWI‐FLAIR mismatch are not the same for different DWI lesion volumes. At DWI lesion volumes >15 mL, the DWI‐FLAIR mismatch is highly specific for acute infarcts within IV thrombolytic therapy time, and can identify wake‐up stroke patients eligible for treatment.
Effect of Cyclic Fatigue Tests on Aging and Their Translational Implications for Survival of All‐Ceramic Tooth‐Borne Single Crowns and Fixed Dental Prostheses
Authors: Özcan Mutlu , Jonasch Moritz 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this systematic review was to elaborate the aging effect of cyclic fatigue tests on mechanical durability of all‐ceramic single crowns and fixed dental prostheses (FDP).Materials and MethodsOriginal scientific papers published in the MEDLINE (PubMed) database in English between 01/01/1950 and 12/31/2013 on cyclic loading on all‐ceramics were included in this systematic review. The following MeSH terms, search terms, and their combinations were used: “in vitro,” “stress mechanical,” “crowns,” “denture, partial, fixed,” “dentistry,” “fatigue,” “all‐ceramic,” “zirconia,” “fixed dental prosthesis,” “FDP,” “bridges,” and “cyclic loading.” Two reviewers performed screening and analyzed the data. Only the studies that reported on both static fracture strength and static fracture after fatigue of all‐ceramic single crowns and FDPs that allowed comparison of aging effect through cyclic loading were included.ResultsThe selection process resulted in a final sample of 14 journal articles. In total, 9 articles were identified related to all‐ceramic single crowns, 3 of which were on anterior and 6 on posterior crowns, and 5 articles on 3‐unit FDPs, all of which were on posterior FDPs. Fatigue cycles varied between minimum of 1000 to maximum 1,200,000 cycles for crowns and 10,000 to 2,000,000 cycles for 3‐unit FDPs. The applied force during cyclic loading varied between 20 to 300 N for single crowns and 49 to 200 N for 3‐unit FDPs. For the 3‐unit FDPs, fracture strength results showed slightly decreased values after cyclic loading (659 ± 182 to 2333 ± 183 N) compared to static loading only (841 ± 244 to 2434 ± 154 N). For crowns similar trends were not observed, but cyclic loading decreased the fracture strength in only some materials after cyclic loading (659 ± 182 to 2333 ± 183 N) compared to static loading only (395 ± 96 to 2726 N).ConclusionsAn inclination for decreased static fracture strength could be observed after cyclic loading of all‐ceramic single crowns and FDPs, but this was material specific. Due to the heterogeneity of data such as aging, loading conditions, and fewer experimental groups, statistical analysis could not be performed. Cyclic loading tests require more standardized guidelines for testing and reporting.
Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Bond Strength of Resin Cement to a CAD/CAM Restorative Material
Authors: Barutcigil Kubilay , Barutcigil Çağatay , Kul Esra , Özarslan Mehmet Mustafa , Buyukkaplan Ulviye Sebnem 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effects of various surface treatment methods on the shear bond strength of self‐adhesive resin cement to a novel CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic material.Materials and MethodsA novel hybrid ceramic restorative material (Vita Enamic) was used in this study. Sixty resin block specimens were prepared and separated into six groups for each surface treatment method (n = 10); group 1: control group, no treatment applied; group 2: sandblasted by 30 μm silicate‐coated alumina particles (CoJet Sandblasting); group 3: 50 μm Al2O3 sandblasting; group 4: 10% hydrofluoric acid; group 5: no surface treatment + universal adhesive (3M Single Bond Universal); group 6: 200 mJ, 10 Hz 2W Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatment. For each specimen, surface roughness measurements in noncontact mode were taken after the surface treatments using a portable surface texture‐measuring machine. A self‐adhesive resin cement (3M U200) was applied on every surface treated with the help of a cylindrical mold (2 × 4 mm) and was filled gradually. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal test machine, and one‐way ANOVA and a Duncan test (p = 0.05) were used to analyze the data.ResultsMean values of the shear bond strength varied between 7.75 and 10.73 MPa. Bond strength values were enhanced by all surface treatment methods compared to the control group. The difference between group 5 and the control group (p < 0.05) was statistically significant, whereas there were no considerable differences between other treatment methods.ConclusionSurface treatments of hybrid ceramic resin blocks could enhance the bond strength to resin cement; however, using Single Bond Universal without surface treatment showed a higher bond strength value.
Giant kelp vegetative propagation: Adventitious holdfast elements rejuvenate senescent individuals of the Macrocystis pyrifera “integrifolia” ecomorph
Authors: Murúa Pedro , Müller Dieter G. , Patiño David J. , Westermeier Renato 
Published: November 2016

Recent findings on holdfast development in the giant kelp highlighted its key importance for Macrocystis vegetative propagation. We report here for the first time the development of adventitious holdfasts from Macrocystis stipes. Swellings emerge spontaneously from different areas of the stipes, especially in senescent or creeping individuals. After being manually fastened to solid substrata, these swellings elongated into haptera, which became strongly attached after 1 month. Within 4 months, new thalli increased in size and vitality, and developed reproductive fronds. Our results suggest the usage of these structures for auxiliary attachment techniques. These could act as a backup, when primary holdfasts are weak, and thus improve the survival rate of the giant kelp in natural beds.
Application of Peleg's equation to describe creep responses of potatoes under constant and variable storage conditions
Authors: Solomon W. K. , Jindal V. K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe application of Peleg's equation to characterize creep behavior of potatoes during storage was investigated. Potatoes were stored at 25, 15, 5C, and variable (fluctuating) temperature for 16 or 26 weeks. The Peleg equation adequately described the creep response of potatoes during storage at all storage conditions (R2 = .97to .99). Peleg constant k1 exhibited a significant (p < .05) decreasing trend with storage time (ts) for samples stored under the experimental conditions whereas the constant k2 appeared to be unaffected much by ts except for samples stored at 25C. Under constant temperature storage, k1 was found to be a linear function of ts (R2 = .87 to .97). Also, the rate of change of k1 appeared to be temperature dependent described by a linear relationship between the degradation rate constant for k1 (α) and storage temperature (T). For the variable storage condition, a bulk mean temperature (Tbm) was calculated to account for a series combination of storage time and temperature which the potatoes were subjected to. It was possible to describe the changes in k1 due to variable storage temperature in terms of Tbm and ts using stepwise multiple regression (R2 = . 94).Practical applicationsPrecise description of the changes in the rheological properties of raw potatoes during storage could help predict the associated effect on the texture of cooked potatoes. Easy and simple methods of describing creep responses during storage or processing will be potentially helpful to better understand the phenomenon. The model parameters from such model could be used to relate rheological properties of raw and cooked potatoes. Moreover, the model parameters could be used to establish relationship between instrumental and sensory attributes which will help in the prediction of sensory attributes from instrumental data.
Triploid Induction in the Yellowtail Tetra, Astyanax altiparanae, Using Temperature Shock: Tools for Conservation and Aquaculture
Authors: Adamov Nadya Soares de Macedo , Nascimento Nivaldo Ferreira do , Maciel Elayna Cristina Silva , Pereira‐Santos Matheus , Senhorini José Augusto , Calado Leonardo Luiz , Evangelista Mariana Machado , Nakaghi Laura Satiko Okada , Guerrero Alan Hertz Marín , Fujimoto Takafumi , Yasui George Shigueki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTriploidization is an interesting tool to produce sterile fish. In the yellowtail tetra, Astyanax altiparanae, this can be applied for aquaculture and surrogate technologies. In this study, we compared the efficacy of cold (2 C) or heat shock (38 C, 40 C, and 42 C) on triploid induction in the yellowtail tetra. The eggs were treated with cold or heat shock, 2 min postfertilization (30 min in cold shock or 2 min in heat shock). Intact embryos served as the control group. Ploidy status was confirmed by karyotyping, flow cytometry, and nuclear diameter of erythrocytes. The hatching rate decreased after cold shock (12.69 ± 15.76%) and heat shock at 42 C (0.35 ± 0.69%) in comparison with the control group (63.19 ± 16.82%). At 38 C and 40 C, hatching rates (61.29 ± 17.73% and 61.75 ± 22.1%, respectively) were not decreased. Only one triploid arose at 38 C (1/80). At 40 C, a high number of triploids arose (72/78). At 42 C, very few embryos developed into the hatching stage. A large number of haploid individuals arose after cold shock (61/75), with only one triploid. Our results indicate that heat shocking of embryos at 40 C is optimum for triploid production in the yellowtail tetra.
The transition from somatic to germline identity shows conserved and specialized features during angiosperm evolution
Authors: Lora Jorge , Herrero María , Tucker Matthew R. , Hormaza José I. 
Published: November 2016

Summary

How and why specific plant cells adopt germline identity during ovule development has proved challenging to address, and the pathways that are active in the ovules of basal/early‐divergent angiosperms possessing a multilayered nucellus are still unclear.

Here, we compare megasporogenesis between two early‐divergent angiosperms (Annona cherimola and Persea americana) and the evolutionarily derived Arabidopsis thaliana, studying the three‐dimensional spatial position of the megaspore mother cell (MMC), the compositional details of the MMC wall and the location of PIN1 expression.

Specific wall polymers distinguished the central position of the MMC and its meiotic products from surrounding tissues in early‐divergent angiosperms, whereas, in A. thaliana, only callose (in mature MMCs) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) (in megaspores) distinguished the germline. However, PIN1 expression, which regulates polar auxin transport, was observed around the MMC in the single‐layer nucellus of A. thaliana and in the multilayered nucellus of A. cherimola, or close to the MMC in P. americana.

The data reveal a similar microenvironment in relation to auxin during megasporogenesis in all three species. However, the different wall polymers that mark MMC fate in early‐divergent angiosperms may reflect a specific response to mechanical stress during differentiation, or the specific recruitment of polymers to sustain MMC growth.
Association of dental injuries with maxillofacial fractures: a 10‐year retrospective study
Authors: Ghosh R. , Gopalkrishnan K. , Adirajaiah S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to find the prevalence of dental injuries in patients with facial fractures.Materials and methodsA prospective study was conducted of patients who reported in SDM Craniofacial Unit with maxillofacial fractures from January 2003 until December 2013. A total of 991 patients were included in the study. Clinical and radiological examination findings were recorded to evaluate demographics, aetiology, presentation, and type of facial fracture, as well as its relationship with dental injury site and type.ResultsAmong these 991 patients, 201 patients (41.8%) had associated dental injuries, with a total of 462 injured teeth. Of the 462 injured teeth, 283 (61.2%) were in the maxilla and 179 (38.7%) in the mandible. The central incisor was the most injured tooth for both the maxilla (150, 32.5%) and mandible (80, 17.3%). The most common type of dental injury was avulsion (229, 44.6%). Avulsions were more common in anterior teeth of both maxilla and mandible, whereas in posterior teeth, Ellis Class I fracture or crown fractures were more common. Most vulnerable teeth were maxillary central incisors in the anterior region, whereas in posterior region, first premolars were more prone to injury in the maxillary arch and first molars in the mandibular arch.ConclusionOur study shows that the occurrence of dental trauma is significantly related to the pattern of injury and site of maxillofacial fractures.