bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual SLAM algorithms: a survey from 2010 to 2016
Authors: Taketomi Takafumi , Uchiyama Hideaki , Ikeda Sei 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
SLAM is an abbreviation for simultaneous localization and mapping, which is a technique for estimating sensor motion and reconstructing structure in an unknown environment. Especially, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) using cameras is referred to as visual SLAM (vSLAM) because it is based on visual information only. vSLAM can be used as a fundamental technology for various types of applications and has been discussed in the field of computer vision, augmented reality, and robotics in the literature. This paper aims to categorize and summarize recent vSLAM algorithms proposed in different research communities from both technical and historical points of views. Especially, we focus on vSLAM algorithms proposed mainly from 2010 to 2016 because major advance occurred in that period. The technical categories are summarized as follows: feature-based, direct, and RGB-D camera-based approaches.
Nutrients and Neurology
Authors: Kumar Neeraj 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article provides an update on the clinical presentation and management of neurologic disease related to key nutrient deficiencies.

Recent Findings: Major advances have been made in understanding the pathway related to vitamin B12 absorption and distribution. It is now known that deficiencies of vitamin B12 and copper have similar neurologic manifestations. Bariatric surgery is a risk factor for both. Alcoholism is just one of the many causes of thiamine deficiency. Early neurologic complications following bariatric surgery are often due to thiamine deficiency. Encephalopathy in the setting of alcoholism that persists despite thiamine replacement should prompt consideration of niacin deficiency. Pyridoxine deficiency and toxicity both have neurologic sequelae. Vitamin D deficiency and the risk for multiple sclerosis has been an area of ongoing research.

Summary: Optimal functioning of the nervous system is dependent on a constant supply of certain vitamins and nutrients. This article discusses neurologic manifestations related to deficiency of these key nutrients.
Endocrine Emergencies With Neurologic Manifestations
Authors: Ishii Makoto 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article provides an overview of endocrine emergencies with potentially devastating neurologic manifestations that may be fatal if left untreated. Pituitary apoplexy, adrenal crisis, myxedema coma, thyroid storm, acute hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia, hyperglycemic emergencies (diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state), and acute hypoglycemia are discussed, with an emphasis on identifying the signs and symptoms as well as diagnosing and managing these clinical entities.

Recent Findings: To identify the optimal management of endocrine emergencies, using formal clinical diagnostic criteria and grading scales such as those recently proposed for pituitary apoplexy will be beneficial in future prospective studies. A 2015 prospective study in patients with adrenal insufficiency found a significant number of adrenal crisis–related deaths despite all study patients receiving standard care and being educated on crisis prevention strategies, highlighting that current prevention strategies and medical management remain suboptimal.

Summary: Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of endocrine emergencies are essential but remain challenging because of a lack of objective diagnostic tools. The optimal management is also unclear as prospective and randomized studies are lacking. Additional research is needed for these clinical syndromes that can be fatal despite intensive medical intervention.
Renal Disease and Neurology
Authors: Hocker Sara E. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: Neurologic dysfunction is prevalent in patients with acute and chronic renal disease and may affect the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, or both. Neurologic manifestations may result directly from the uremic state or as a consequence of renal replacement therapy. Early recognition of neurologic dysfunction may provide opportunities for intervention and reduced morbidity.

Recent Findings: Advances in the understanding of neurologic complications of renal disease and its treatments have led to more widespread recognition and earlier identification of encephalopathy syndromes such as cefepime neurotoxicity and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), dramatic reductions in the incidence of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome and dialysis dementia, and improved survival in disorders such as von Hippel-Lindau disease and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Summary: This article summarizes the conditions that affect both the renal and the nervous systems, the effects of renal failure on the nervous system, and the neurologic complications of dialysis.
Rheumatology and Neurology
Authors: Dimberg Elliot L. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article reviews the various rheumatologic disorders that have neurologic complications and manifestations.

Recent Findings: Recent advances have improved the understanding of the true epidemiology of many rheumatologic diseases and their complications. Many years of observation have clarified findings even in rarer disorders. Classification and diagnostic criteria have been updated and validated. As newer pharmacologic agents have become available, new information regarding efficacy and toxicity has emerged.

Summary: Rheumatologic disorders are common, as can be their neurologic complications. In many instances, these complications are treatable, but clinicians’ understanding of the underlying disorder, its neurologic risks, and the risk of therapy is required.
Transcriptomic analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae xSaccharomyces kudriavzevii hybrids during low temperature winemaking
Authors: Tronchoni Jordi , García-Ríos Estéfani , Guillamón Jose Manuel , Querol Amparo , Pérez-Torrado Roberto 
Published: June 2017

Background: AlthoughSaccharomyces cerevisiaeis the most frequently isolated species in wine fermentation, and the most studied species, other species and interspecific hybrids have greatly attracted the interest of researchers in this field in the last few years, given their potential to solve new winemaking industry challenges.S. cerevisiaexS. kudriavzeviihybrids exhibit good fermentative capabilities at low temperatures, and produce wines with smaller alcohol quantities and larger glycerol quantities, which can be very useful to solve challenges in the winemaking industry such as the necessity to enhance the aroma profile.Methods: In this study, we performed a transcriptomic study ofS. cerevisiaexS. kudriavzeviihybrids in low temperature winemaking conditions.Results: The results revealed that the hybrids have acquired both fermentative abilities and cold adaptation abilities, attributed toS. cerevisiaeandS. kudriavzeviiparental species, respectively, showcasing their industrially relevant characteristics. For several key genes, we also studied the contribution to gene expression of each of the alleles ofS. cerevisiaeandS. kudriavzeviiin theS. cerevisiaexS. kudriavzeviihybrids. From the results, it is not clear how important the differential expression of the specific parental alleles is to the phenotype of the hybrids.Conclusions: This study shows that the fermentative abilities ofS. cerevisiaexS. kudriavzeviihybrids at low temperatures do not seem to result from differential expression of specific parental alleles of the key genes involved in this phentoype.
The role of orthobiologics in foot and ankle surgery
Authors: Wee James , Thevendran Gowreeson 
Published: June 2017

Orthobiologics are biological substances that are used therapeutically for their positive effects on healing skeletal and soft-tissue injuries. The array of orthobiological products currently available to the foot and ankle surgeon is wide, and includes bone allografts, bone substitutes, growth factors, and chondral scaffolds. Nonetheless, despite the surge in interest and usage of orthobiologics, there remains a relative paucity of research addressing their specific applications in foot and ankle surgery. In this review, we attempt to provide an overview of the literature on commonly available allogenic bone grafts and bone substitutes. There is Level II, III and IV evidence addressing allogenic bone grafts in primary arthrodesis and osteotomy procedures in foot and ankle surgery, which compares favourably with autogenic bone grafts in terms of fusion rates and clinical outcomes (often with fewer complications), and supports a Grade B recommendation for its use. Pertaining to bone substitutes, the multiplicity of products, coupled with a lack of large prospective clinical trials, makes firm recommendations difficult. Level II and IV studies of calcium phosphate and calcium sulphate products in displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures have found favourable results in addressing bone voids, maintaining reduction and promoting union, meriting a Grade B recommendation. Evidence for TCP is limited to level IV studies reporting similarly good outcomes in intra-articular calcaneal fractures, warranting a Grade C recommendation. The use of demineralised bone matrix products in hindfoot and ankle fusions has been described in Level II and III studies, with favourable results in achieving fusion and good clinical outcomes, supporting a Grade B recommendation for these indications. Overall, despite the general lack of high-level evidence in foot and ankle surgery, allogenic bone grafts and bone substitutes continue to hold front-line roles in treating the bone defects encountered in trauma, tumour, and deformity correction surgery. However, more investigation is required before firm recommendations can be made.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:272–280. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160044
Direct and indirect paths leading to contraceptive use in urban Africa
Authors: Gourbin Catherine , Wunsch Guillaume , Moreau Lorise , Guillaume Agnès 
Published: June 2017

Résumé
Cet article examine le recours à la contraception dans les capitales de quatre pays africains, le Burkina Faso, le Ghana, le Maroc et le Sénégal. L’article cherche à répondre à deux questions : (i) quel est l’ordre hiérarchique des relations causales entre les caractéristiques individuelles associées au recours à la contraception dans les quatre populations urbaines considérées ? Plus particulièrement, (ii) comme l’instruction est un facteur majeur de la transition démographique, les données confirment-elles les deux chemins indirects allant de l’instruction au recours à la contraception qui ont été proposés dans la littérature, à savoir un chemin union-re­production et un chemin socio-culturel ? À partir d’une analyse secondaire des En­quêtes Démographie et Santé (EDS), la méthodologie se base sur des modèles structurels récursifs représentés par des graphes acycliques orientés. L’analyse em­pirique confirme l’importance de variables telles que le désir d’enfants et l’accord parental en matière de planification familiale pour expliquer le recours à la contraception. L’analyse met aussi en relief un chemin structurel union-reproduction as­sociant instruction féminine et recours à la contraception. En revanche, l’analyse aboutit à rejeter l’existence d’un chemin socioculturel, celui-ci étant infirmé par les données disponibles. La validité de ces résultats est discutée.
Abstract
This study examined contraceptive use in the capital cities of four African countries, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Morocco and Senegal. The article sought to answer two questions: (i) what is the hierarchical ordering of causal relationships among the individual factors involved in the use of contraception in the four urban populations considered? More particularly, (ii) as education is a major factor of fertility transition, are two main indirect pathways that have been proposed in the literature (a union-reproductive path and a socio-cultural one), leading from women’s education to contraceptive use, confirmed by the data? Having recourse to a secondary analysis of Demographic and Health Survey(DHS) data, the methodology is based on recursive structural models represented by directed acyclic graphs. The empirical analysis confirms the importance of variables such as the desire for children and partner agreement on family planning in explaining contraceptive use. It also highlights a structural union-reproductive path linking female education and contraceptive use. On the contrary, the analysis leads to a tentative rejection of the socio-cul­tural path, as it is falsified by the data available. The validity of these results is discussed.
Reforming local government: Must it always be democracy versus efficiency?
Authors: Quinlivan Aodh 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The financial crisis from 2008 has had a profound impact on Irish local government. Councils were faced with a disastrous combination of factors - declining funding from central government, difficulties in collecting commercial rates as businesses struggled, and a drastic fall in revenue from development levies. Staffing levels in the local government sector were reduced by over 20 per cent, significantly more than the losses suffered by central government ministries and departments. Yet the financial crisis also offered an opportunity for reform and a fundamental reappraisal of subnational government in Ireland. A reform strategy produced in 2012 paved the way for the Local Government Reform Act, 2014. As a result of this legislation, the number of local authorities was reduced from 114 to 31 with the complete abolition of all town councils. The number of council seats also fell from 1,627 to 949. Using Scharpf’s dimensions of democratic legitimacy, this article assesses whether the focus of the 2014 reforms was on output legitimacy (efficiency and effectiveness) as opposed to input legitimacy (citizen integration and participation).
Reforming the Irish public service: A multiple streams perspective
Authors: MacCarthaigh Muiris 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Following the Irish general election of 2011, a new ministry emerged which sought to combine public expenditure, industrial relations and public sector reform. The creation of the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform (DPER) represented a major departure in Irish administrative history, not least because it introduced a new actor at the heart of Irish government, but also for the range of tasks with which it was endowed. This article provides an administrative reform context for the creation of DPER before examining its work across three domains: industrial relations, financial management reform and administrative reform. Drawing on Kingdon’s ‘multiple streams’ model of policy change, the article argues that reform efforts across all three were made possible by the ‘window of opportunity’ presented by the department’s creation and the coming together of problems, policies and politics in respect of public service reform.
Research on Approaches for Regulation of the “Off-label” use of Medicinal Products in the European Union
Authors: Drenska M. , Getov I. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Despite the increasingly strict legislation on medicinal products, the „off-label use“ or „use of medicinal product outside the approved summary of product characteristics (SmPC)“ is a weak point of today’s drug regulation and raises many questions about the risk, ethics, and legality of this type of practice. In recent years, through guidance and legal changes in some countries were defined the conditions and responsibilities, but in the most European countries still lack rules for off-label prescribing. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyse different approaches to regulation, adopted by some member states as well as to summarize the efforts in demand of common harmonized approach to solve this problem within the European Union. In the study, we used the available regulatory information in different electronic resources associated with the off-label drug use in selected European countries without limited time range. The results show that decisions taken to regulate the issue have significant differences and specific approach, while none of them is enough satisfactory and comprehensive. In conclusion, it can be claimed that the existing regulatory rules in various countries require significant improvement and update.
Recurrent Hyponatremia as Presenting Manifestation of Pituitary Macroadenoma
Authors: Rajput R. , Jain D. , Pathak V. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Hyponatremia is commonly seen electrolyte disturbance clinically. It is potentially life-threatening and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma generally presents with a headache, visual disturbances, and the diagnosis is often delayed because of nonspecific nature of symptoms. Hyponatremia being initial manifestation before other common symptoms of pituitary macroadenoma is rare. We present a case of 55-year-old male with recurrent episodes of hyponatremia who was found to non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma along with panhypopituitarism. He was managed with hormone replacements. Our case highlights the importance of correct diagnosis of hyponatremia, measurement of the thyroid, adrenal and pituitary function in cases of hyponatremia.
A solution decomposition for a singularly perturbed fourth-order problem
Authors: Höhne Katharina , Franz Sebastian , Waurick Marcus 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We consider a singularly perturbed fourth-order problem with third-order terms on the unit square. With a formal power series approach, we decompose the solution into solutions of reduced (third-order) problems and various layer parts. The existence of unique solutions for the problem itself and for the reduced third-order problems is also addressed. To our knowledge, this paper is a first attempt for a solution decomposition of such problems.
The Evolution of Biochemical Indices After Basal Cell Epithelioma Removal - Case Report
Authors: Gurgas L. , Popescu N. D. , Hangan L. T. , Chirila S. , Rosoiu Natalia 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The paper proposes new exposure data on etiopathogenesis basal cell epithelioma and present a clinical case investigated dermatoscopic, biochemically, treated surgically and guided to avoid relapses. The case presented is part of typical cases of pigmented basal cell carcinoma. Biochemical and haematological investigations performed one day before the excisional intervention (results 1) and 30 days (results 2) after the intervention: It is recommended to monitor biochemical investigations in which alterations were found, and ways for raising the immunological status.
Die Rolle des jüdischen Sports in der Mainmetropole Frankfurt vor und nach dem 30. Januar 1933
Authors: Peiffer Lorenz 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFrom the eleventh century onwards the Jewish community in Frankfurt had developed into one of the centres of Jewish life in Europe. In the early 1930s it was the second largest Jewish community in Germany, counting about 31,000 members. With Bar Kochba, Schild, Jüdischer Arbeiter-Sportclub, Jüdischer Turnerbund and Sportverein des Philanthropin five Jewish sport clubs had already been founded before Hitler’s rise to power. But with only 1,000 members they played a minor role in Frankfurt’s sport society. The majority of the Jewish athletes were members of the middle-class sports clubs in Frankfurt. After the exclusion of Jewish members from the middle-class sports clubs the Jewish athletes’ only choice was to join one of the Jewish sports clubs. After fighting to survive until 1933, the Jewish sports club Schild Frankfurt developed into a major sports club within months.
Haskala, Pietismus und der Rostocker Orientalist Oluf Gerhard Tychsen (1734–1815)
Authors: Lammel Hans-Uwe , Busch Michael 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOluf Gerhard Tychsen (1734–1815) was a dazzling figure in the European history of ideas. As a young student of theology at the pietistic Institutum Judaicum et Muhammedicum in Halle he showed great interest in Jewish studies and took part in missionary activities throughout Germany. As a teacher of oriental studies at the universities of Bützow and later of Rostock, both in Mecklenburg, he was in charge of an academic network with about 200 correspondents from all parts of Europe. Besides his numismatic and linguistic expertise he was deeply occupied with the »Jewish question«. Our investigation explores three topics in this field: Tychsen’s participation in the debate on the early burial in Jewish communities in Mecklenburg, his part in the enrolment of the first medical students at Bützow and in granting them their medical degree from 1766 onwards, and his commitment to one of the most liberal Jewish emancipation edicts which was composed in Mecklenburg-Strelitz in 1813. Our main question is how Tychsen’s activities in these fields were interwoven with the Jewish striving for emancipation against the background of Haskala and Pietism.
Effect of UV Irradiation on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Natural and Synthetic Fabric Before and After Nano-Tio2Padding
Authors: Wiener J. , Chládová A. , Shahidi S. , Peterová L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, the effect of UV irradiation on mechanical properties of both natural and synthetic fabrics is investigated. Also the UV degradation of fabrics before and after TiO2padding is studied. Cotton is used as natural fabric, and polyester, polypropylene, and polyamide were used as synthetic fabrics. After deposition with TiO2, prepared samples were irradiated by different dosage of UV light and the changes in fiber surface and the adhesion of nanoparticles is tested. The scanning electron microscopy, elemental analyses of Ti, and other methods were used. In some cases, the effect of stabilization of nanoparticles on fibers by UV light was realized. Reasons of this stabilization are the surface changes of polymer fibers-increase in surface roughness and oxidation of surface.
Effect of Air Gap Entrapped in Firefighter Protective Clothing on Thermal Resistance and Evaporative Resistance
Authors: He Hualing , Yu Zhicai 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Heat and water vapor transfer behavior of thermal protective clothing is greatly influenced by the air gap entrapped in multilayer fabric system. In this study, a sweating hot plate method was used to investigate the effect of air gap position and size on thermal resistance and evaporative resistance of firefighter clothing under a range of ambient temperature and humidity. Results indicated that the presence of air gap in multilayer fabric system decreased heat and water vapor transfer abilities under normal wear. Moreover, the air gap position slightly influenced the thermal and evaporative performances of the firefighter clothing. In this study, the multilayer fabric system obtained the highest thermal resistance, when the air space was located at position B. Furthermore, the effect of ambient temperature on heat and water vapor transfer properties of the multilayer fabric system was also investigated in the presence of a specific air gap. It was indicated that ambient temperature did not influence the evaporative resistance of thermal protective clothing. A thermographic image was used to test the surface temperature of multilayer fabric system when an air gap was incorporated. These results suggested that a certain air gap entrapped in thermal protective clothing system could affect wear comfort.