bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic priorities for solitary large hepatocellular carcinoma in a hepatitis B virus endemic area; an analysis of a nationwide cancer registry database
Authors: Jin Young‐Joo , Lee Jin‐Woo 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND/AIMSWe compared overall survival (OS) of patients with a solitary large (>5 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated surgically or by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).METHODSThe archived records of HCC patients registered at the Korean Central Cancer Registry from 2003 through 2005 (registry A, n = 4 520) or from 2008 through 2010 (registry B, n = 4 596) were retrospectively analyzed. In these registries, 578 and 315 patients had a single large HCC, respectively. In registry A, 442 (cohort A) underwent surgery (n = 96) or TACE (n = 346). In registry B, 253 (cohort B) underwent surgery (n = 110) or TACE (n = 143). Cohort C (n = 695) was constructed by combining cohorts A and B, and thus, 206 and 489 patients received surgery and TACE, respectively.RESULTSIn cohort C, cumulative OS rates at 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐years were significantly higher for surgery than TACE (89.3%, 67.4%, and 58.0% vs 67.7%, 38.2%, and 27.2%, respectively, P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for cohorts A and B, even after propensity‐score matching in three cohorts (P values for all <0.05). TACE (HR 2.18, P < 0.001), serum albumin (HR 0.77, P = 0.015), and tumor size (HR 1.06, P < 0.001) were predictors of post‐treatment mortality.CONCLUSIONSSurgery is associated with improved OS for a solitary large HCC of BCLC stage A.
Sensor Array for Volatile Organic Compounds Based on Doped Poly (2,5‐dimethyl aniline)
Authors: Stewart Katherine M. E. , Penlidis Alexander 
Published: December 2016

SummaryA sensor array containing five different sensing materials has been created that is able to distinguish between six different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at an analyte concentration of 5 ppm. While none of the sensing materials, poly (2,5‐dimethyl aniline) (P25DMA) and P25DMA doped with four different metal oxide nanoparticles (Al­2O3, NiO, TiO2, and ZnO), were selective towards any single analyte on their own, through the use of a filtering algorithm, this partial selectivity was exploited. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used as that a filtering algorithm, which was able to separate the responses from the sensing materials and identify six different gas analytes (acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene, ethanol, formaldehyde, and methanol). Both unknown gas analytes and a gas mixture were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of this sensor array.
A Comparison of the Influence of Temperature During Slurry and Gas Phase Propylene Polymerization on Ziegler‐Natta Catalyst
Authors: Cancelas Aarón J. , Hongmanee Goond , Andrade Fabiana N. , Terano Minoru , Taniike Toshiaki , McKenna Timothy F.L. 
Published: December 2016

SummarySemi‐batch propylene polymerizations were performed in slurry and gas phase using a supported Ziegler‐Natta catalyst. The obtained instantaneous reaction rates were fitted with a kinetic model, and the influence of bulk temperature and reaction phase on kinetic parameters was studied. The estimated propagation constant increased with increasing reaction temperature up to 90 °C in slurry phase polymerizations, but reached a maximum at 60 °C when propylene was polymerized in the gas phase. Gas phase stopped flow reactions were done at 60 and 70 °C to investigate the strong influence of temperature during the initial instants of reaction and to evidence thermal degradation at particle level. These results and those from autoclave reactor were well consistent and could explain the effects of temperature.
Carbon Dioxide Switchable Polymers and Processes in Polymer Reaction Engineering
Authors: Cunningham Michael F. , Jessop Philip G. , Darabi Ali , Su Xin 
Published: December 2016

SummaryWe have prepared a variety of polymer nanoparticles with surface properties that can be switched from charged to uncharged using only carbon dioxide and air as triggers. Our initial approach to designing these materials relied on using pre‐made “switchable surfactants” via emulsion polymerization. This approach is similar to that employed to make the majority of polymer latexes used in commercial applications. We then refined the process further to address a shortcoming of many emulsion polymers, that of surfactant migration due to the stabilizing species not being covalently bound, by developing variants of surfactant free processes for making carbon dioxide switchable polymer colloids: (1) using only a carbon dioxide switchable initiator; (2) using a carbon dioxide switchable comonomer which is copolymerized in situ to generate the stabilizing species; and (3) using living radical polymerization to prepare nanoparticles via a Polymerization Induced Self Assembly (PISA) process. In all of these cases, the stabilizing moieties are covalently bound to the particle surface.
Thermal Study of Gels Obtained From Resol Type Phenolic Resins Modified With Lignin
Authors: Martínez A. J. Juan D. , Úsuga Luisa Fernanda , Gil Carolina , Castro Chris D. , Quintana Germán C. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryGels were obtained from resol type phenolic resins, with resorcinol, formaldehyde and lignin as precursors. Thermal response was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and curing kinetics were determined from the SDTA curves using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Friedman iso‐conversional models. Additionally, it was used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to evaluate the progress of the curing reaction. These analyzes were performed for two gels, one of them prepared with lignin (lignin resin), and a reference (resorcinol resin). Lignin resins tend to be more thermally stable than resorcinol resins. Average values found for activation energy of the curing processes are 55.07 kJ mol−1 and 60.60 kJ mol−1 for resorcinol resin and lignin resins respectively using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method; values of 51.94 kJ mol−1 and 53.14 kJ mol−1 were obtained using Friedman method. It was possible to conclude that the lignin affects positively the thermal stability of the resin; the curing reaction takes place in the first six hours and the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa model fits better.
Advanced Kinetic Parameter Fit Applied to Radical Copolymerizations
Authors: Hosemann Benjamin , Drache Marco , Beuermann Sabine 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe approach used for fitting kinetic coefficients to experimental polymerization data is of minor importance as long as the simulation of the quantities to be compared is sufficiently fast. Whenever the simulation is slowed down, for example due to transfer to polymer reactions involved, the fit has to be performed using as few iteration steps as possible. In this work, the simulation aims for the relation between branching and radius of gyration, therefore the kinetic simulation is coupled with a random walk approach, enlarging the computational demands further. A Markov Chain fit is used, enabling an optimal usage of the resources.
Design of Particle Morphology for Redox‐Initiated Spray Polymerization of Acrylic Acid and Sodium Acrylate by Investigating Levitated Single Droplet
Authors: Wong Doris , Hellwig Thomas , Halfar Annelie H. , Moritz Hans‐Ulrich , Pauer Werner 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIn order to optimize the spray polymerization of acrylic acid and sodium acrylate, an acoustic levitator was efficiently utilized to model the system. The acoustic levitator simulates the fall of a droplet in a spray tower. A particle morphology map of SEM images was designed to reproduce certain particle surfaces by varying the drying conditions and the initiator system, which were adjusted for a polymerization. Thus, a droplet of an aqueous monomer mixture of acrylic acid and sodium acrylate was positioned in an acoustic levitator and the polymerizations were initiated with two redox systems, one with ammonium peroxodisulfate and the other one with potassium peroxodisulfate, and were compared to each other. The redox system can beneficially initiate the polymerization at low temperature (>40 °C). By means of a camera and a light source, shadowgraphy was used to analyze the droplet drying kinetics.
ABCG2/BCRP: Specific and Nonspecific Modulators
Authors: Peña‐Solórzano Diana , Stark Simone Alexandra , König Burkhard , Sierra Cesar Augusto , Ochoa‐Puentes Cristian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells is the development of resistance to a variety of structurally and functionally nonrelated anticancer drugs. This phenomenon has become a major obstacle to cancer chemotherapy seriously affecting the clinical outcome. MDR is associated with increased drug efflux from cells mediated by an energy‐dependent mechanism involving the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, mainly P‐glycoprotein (ABCB1), the MDR‐associated protein‐1 (ABCC1), and the breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). The first two transporters have been widely studied already and reviews summarized the results. The ABCG2 protein has been a subject of intense study since its discovery as its overexpression has been detected in resistant cell lines in numerous types of human cancers. To date, a long list of modulators of ABCG2 exists and continues to increase. However, little is known about the clinical consequences of ABCG2 modulation. This makes the design of novel, potent, and nontoxic inhibitors of this efflux protein a major challenge to reverse MDR and thereby increase the success of chemotherapy. The aim of the present review is to describe and highlight specific and nonspecific modulators of ABCG2 reported to date based on the selectivity of the compounds, as many of them are effective against one or more ABC transport proteins.
Compact circularly polarized conical‐beam antenna based on the reactive impedance substrate
Authors: Zhang Huan , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Zhao Gang , Wang Rui‐Qi 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA compact circularly polarized (CP) conical‐beam antenna based on the reactive impedance substrate (RIS) is proposed in this work. This single‐fed antenna utilizes a small circular patch and six curved branches as primary radiators. For the miniaturization purpose, the RIS structure is used, and an overall volume of only 0.66λ × 0.66λ × 0.066λ with respect to 5 GHz is achieved. For experimental demonstration, the proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. Acceptable agreements are obtained between the measured and simulated results. The antenna peak gain at the center frequency is 3.3 dBic and occurs at θ = 48°. Moreover, good omnidirectional CP feature is obtained. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:240–243, 2017
Broadband double‐dipole microstrip antenna with symmetrical corner‐fed and planar antenna array on its basis
Authors: Makarov E.S. , Fedorov S.M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe new interpretation of E‐shaped microstrip patch antenna is presented. E‐shaped antenna can be treated as a pair of symmetrically fed broadband diploes folded into compact structure with frequency band up to 25%. Proposed antenna was used as element to build pair of antenna arrays for 1.92–2.17 GHz and 1.5–1.75 GHz frequency bands. The electric size of proposed antenna arrays is about 1.3×1.3 wavelengths which is hardly reachable for air substrate single‐layer microstrip antennas operating in 15% bandwidth. The results of theoretical and experimental investigations of matching and gain properties of proposed antennas are presented. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:229–232, 2017
Design of switchable microstrip low pass‐band stop‐band pass filter
Authors: Singh Prashant Kumar , Tiwary Anjini Kumar 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA novel, compact planar switchable filter having good in‐band and wide out‐of‐band characteristic with three switching modes [low‐pass filter (LPF), band‐stop filter (BSF) and band‐pass filter (BPF)] is presented. Reconfigurability in this aspect is never reported in literature. The reconfigurability is achieved by using a minimum of five switches. A very good agreement is shown between the simulated and measured results. The overall circuit size of the proposed switchable filter is only 14 mm × 16.72 mm. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:257–260, 2017
Design and implementation of an X‐band low‐power and high‐isolation CMOS active circulator
Authors: Huang Jui‐Chi , Wang Sen 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a 3‐port active circulator using three quasi‐circulators (QCs) is designed and fabricated by a standard 0.18‐μm CMOS technology. The QC provides a signal‐cancellation mechanism, and therefore, the circulator is practical by connecting the three QCs in a ring‐type configuration. With power consumption of 16 mW, the QC‐based circulator reveals 6.1∼7.5‐dB insertion loss, better than 25‐dB isolation and 17.5‐dB transmission ratio from 8.8 to 9.9 GHz. The design features excellent performances in low power, high isolation, and high transmission ratio compared to other CMOS active circulators or QCs. Moreover, the design concept is also applicable to an n‐port circulator design. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:248–251, 2017
An all‐digital phase‐locked‐loop with a robustness enhanced dual‐mode DCO
Authors: Cui Keji , Wang Lebo , Mao Jia , Qin Yajie , Zou Zhuo , Zheng Lirong 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAn all‐digital‐phase‐locked‐loop (ADPLL) with a dual‐mode Class‐A/Class‐C Digital‐controlled‐oscillator (DCO) is presented in this letter. During the start‐up phase, the DCO operates in the Class‐A mode with increasing tail current. A low‐power amplitude‐to‐pulse‐converter (APC) is proposed to detect the oscillating amplitude of the DCO. After the start‐up, the DCO switches to the Class‐C mode with reduced tail current, resulting in better phase noise and lower power consumption. The ADPLL with the proposed DCO is implemented in a 65‐nm CMOS technology. The Class‐C mode DCO exhibits a phase noise of −123.3 dBc/Hz at 1‐MHz offset with a 2.7‐GHz carrier frequency. Measured results show about a 2.9‐dB phase noise improvement at 1‐MHz offset among the tuning range of 2.5–2.9 GHz, compared to the Class‐A DCO under the same power consumption. The figure‐of‐merit (FOM) and FOM including the tuning range (FOMT) of the DCO is 188.7 and 192.1, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:312–315, 2017
A compact triple band‐notched UWB printed antenna with multistep patches integrated by multitype slots
Authors: Tang Zhi‐jun , Zhan Jie , Xi Zai‐Fang , Wu Shi‐Gang , Li Mu 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA novel compact low‐profile printed antenna is designed and analyzed for wireless communication applications. The proposed antenna is composed of a four‐steps patch and a three‐steps segmental ground plane with two small rectangular slits. To enhance the antenna bandwidth and generate multiple notches, a circular split‐ring slot integrated with double strip slots is introduced in the multistep radiating patch, and a inverted‐L shaped slot is embedded onto the defected ground plane. The simulated and measured results show that the antenna achieves a wider bandwidth ranging from 3.0 to 16.5 GHz (the return loss <–10 dB) with triple notches of 3.3–3.8 GHz (WiMAX band), 5.1–5.8 GHz (WLAN band), and 7.2–7.8 GHz (X‐band). Furthermore, the proposed antenna obtains relative high gain (>4.0 dBi), lower group delay (<2.5 ns) and stable radiation patterns. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:270–275, 2017
Tunable dual‐mode dual‐band filter with constant bandwidth and high selectivity
Authors: Wu Bian , Xu Yang , Xia Lei 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA tunable dual‐mode dual‐band filter composed of varactor‐loaded folded square loop resonator is presented. A pair of the resonators is mirror coupled to form the higher band, while two varactors with the same bias are symmetrically loaded at the corner of each loop, splitting dual modes and form the tunable lower band. As the bias voltage increases, the lower band frequency increases from 1.1 GHz to 1.5 GHz with a constant bandwidth, while the higher band one remains at 2.1 GHz. The dual‐mode effect and source‐load coupling introduce multiple transmission zeros that effectively improves the out‐of‐band selectivity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:283–285, 2017
Ultra‐thin dual‐band polarization‐insensitive conformal metamaterial absorber
Authors: Sharma Sameer Kumar , Ghosh Saptarshi , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav , Shukla Anuj 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper, an ultra‐thin dual‐band conformal metamaterial absorber has been presented for X and Ku‐band applications. The proposed metamaterial unit cell consists of cross‐spanner like structure in center with square patch at corners on the top of a metal‐backed substrate. The proposed absorber offers low profile with a thickness of λo/126 and λo/80 where λo is free space wavelength at 9.5 GHz and 15 GHz respectively. The designed structure has a four‐fold symmetry which inherently makes it insensitive to polarization angle variations. It also offers wide angular stability with reflection coefficient better than −10 dB under oblique incidence for TE and TM polarized waves up to 60°. The proposed structure has been fabricated and tested to validate the simulation results. Prototype absorber has also been tested for curved surfaces and simulated results are in good correlation with measured results obtained from unstrained absorber surface. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:348–353, 2017
Theoretical investigation on the input impedance of a CPW fed strip monopole antenna
Authors: Banerjee Amartya , Bandyopadhyay Anup Kumar 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTTheoretical analysis for the input impedance of a CPW fed strip monopole antenna is made. Induced emf method is used for the purpose. The analysis is compared with the simulation results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:346–348, 2017
Design of secure UHF RFID tag by binding object dielectric permittivity
Authors: Yang Chenwei , Wang Gang , Song Xiaotian , Sidén Johan 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAntennas can always be affected by the attached materials. Such a property is here integrated with RFID technology of designing a passive RFID tag which is sensitive to a chosen object material. A good sensing ability will help the tag bonding up with the chosen material, which will benefit material security a lot. To achieve a high tag‐object bonding sensitivity, a fragmented‐type tag is introduced here. When permittivity of attached object material changes a little bit, readability of the tag will degrade rapidly. The sensitive properties are investigated by simulated and articulated experimentations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:318–323, 2017
Micropropulsion generation model and simulation by WGM acceleration within a Panda ring resonator system
Authors: Siriroj R. , Techidheera W. , Phatharacom P. , Chiangga S. , Yupapin P. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA microbeam accelerator is modeled and simulated using the analogy of whispering gallery mode (WGM) generated by light within a nonlinear microring resonator system, which is called a Panda ring structure and made by an InGaAsP/InP material. The WGM mode is generated after the suitable ring parameters and optical input introducing into the system, especially, the suitable two nonlinear side ring radii are employed. From which, the required multiple propulsion (acceleration) of WGM beams is achieved using the multiple vertical Panda ring layout (several layers). The accelerated WGM beams of the multiple ring circuits can be obtained by the coincident of the multiple Panda rings. The simulation result shows that the proposed ring resonator system can be potentially fabricated within the microscale range and used for a microthruster, in which the required driven force can be used to drive the spacecraft or satellite to the target destination, which is known as a thrust propellant. For example, the result of the propulsion of 2.619–66.81 μN can be obtained by a single device system, which means that the larger volume or area can be used to produce more propulsion output. For further application, the suitable input source such as the infrared light source can also be used to for the micro‐heat source, in which the large area of the device array may be useful for large area micro‐heat source usage. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:377–380, 2017
A coupled‐fed loop antenna for metal‐rimmed mobile phone applications
Authors: Liu Guifeng , Liu Ying , Gong Shuxi 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis letter presents a very simple coupled‐fed loop antenna for metal‐framed mobile phones, which is capable of providing hepta‐band WWAN/LTE operation. By utilizing the metal rim as a part of antenna, the proposed antenna only occupies a 14.5 × 8 mm2 area of the no‐ground portion. The proposed antenna consists of two coupled‐fed loops mainly composed of parts of the metal rim with two slits, a high‐pass matching circuit, and a distributed inductor. The lower band is initially provided by the quarter‐wavelength resonant mode of the longer coupled‐fed loop and further widen by a high‐pass matching circuit. The upper band is attained by the higher‐order mode of the longer coupled‐fed loop along with the quarter‐wavelength mode of the shorter coupled‐fed loop. Consequently, the generated two wide bands can cover the 824–960 and 1710–2690 MHz simultaneously. Besides, an antenna prototype is manufactured as well as tested, and the good measured antenna performances including reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, antenna gain and efficiency indicate that the proposed antenna is suitable for the metal‐frame mobile phone applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:371–377, 2017
Dual‐band circularly polarized microstrip antenna
Authors: Yang Jhe‐Sheng , Row Jeen‐Sheen 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA design for dual‐band circularly polarized microstrip antennas with different radiation patterns is described. The design is based on a stacked patch antenna composed of an upper circular patch and a lower ring patch. For the higher operation band, the two patches are simultaneously resonant at the TM21 mode and the stacked patch antenna can produce a conical radiation pattern. As for the lower operation band, only the upper patch is resonant at its fundamental mode and a broadside radiation pattern is obtained. To allow the two radiation patterns to be with circular polarization, 90° hybrid couplers are used to excite the patch antennas at the two operation bands. A prototype designed at the GPS and WLAN bands is constructed. The experimental results demonstrate that the prototype operated at each frequency band has a 3dB‐axial‐ratio bandwidth of more than 15%. Simulation performed with HFSS also validates the measured results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:404–408, 2017