bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurobehavioural symptoms and acute pesticide poisoning: a cross-sectional study among male pesticide applicators selected from three commercial farming systems in Ethiopia
Authors: Negatu Beyene , Vermeulen Roel , Mekonnen Yalemtshay , Kromhout Hans 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo estimate prevalence of acute pesticide poisoning (APP) and its association with neurobehavioural symptoms in Ethiopian pesticide applicators.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional survey among 256 pesticide applicators from small-scale irrigated farms, a large-scale open farm and large-scale greenhouses. APP was ascertained using a modified WHO case definition, and neurobehavioural symptoms were collected with a standardised questionnaire (Q16). Exposure to pesticides was estimated using detailed exposure algorithms specifically developed for Ethiopian farms. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate risk of APP and its association with neurobehavioural symptoms.ResultsOverall APP prevalence was 16%. Working as an applicator in greenhouses was strongly associated with APP (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.38 to 6.54). Estimated annual pesticide exposure was also associated with APP (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.20). Longer duration of employment appeared to be negatively associated with APP. Having had an APP was strongly associated with reporting more neurobehavioural symptoms (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.58) independent of cumulative pesticide exposure. Cumulative exposure to pesticides appeared to be associated with neurobehavioural symptoms among applicators without and with APP.ConclusionsWe showed a substantial prevalence of APP that differed between farming systems and was strongly associated with neurobehavioural symptoms. Intensity of exposure was also clearly associated with these symptoms. Reduction and control of occupational exposure to pesticides is urgently needed in Ethiopia.
Gucci: Facing Growing Challenges in China
Authors: Chen Ivy S. N. , Luk Sherriff T. K. 
Published: February 2018

High economic growth, increasing disposable incomes and an emerging middle class that was optimistic about the future had created a booming market for luxury goods in China. Growing wealth was accompanied by greater willingness to spend and travel. Many Chinese now had the opportunity to travel for business and leisure and this had increased their exposure to luxury brands and lifestyles overseas. The culture of gift giving for business as well as social reasons was also fuelling this demand. Luxury goods were also a symbol of success in this emerging market. Gucci had seen tremendous growth in China but of late, this growth had stagnated due to the slowing economy and the government’s crackdown on corruption. The preferences of Chinese consumers were also changing. The case illustrates some problems luxury brands faced in China as the market matured and how environmental changes affect the marketing strategy of luxury brands. The case provides students the opportunity to suggest ways on how Gucci should move forward.
Corporate Social Responsibility in McDonald’s Australia
Authors: Lee Alvin , Lambert Claire 
Published: February 2018

This case focuses on marketing public policy and legislation issues in the business environment. The Commonwealth Government of Australia wants to impose mandatory warning labels for fast-food served by quick-service chainrestaurants like McDonald’s. These warnings are to appear on fast-food packaging to warn diners of the possible harms arising from consuming fast-food. This is similar to the warnings that are used in Australia on tobacco product packages. This highlights a turning point where legislators appear to be heeding calls of vocal pressure groups to curb and legislate the industry’s activities. The loudest calls have appeared in well-publicized legal cases and film documentaries like Super-Size Me. McDonald’s has been well-aware of these challenges. The company continues to respond and fight legal challenges on these points. As a result, the company has improved its supply chain, employees’ work-conditions, their treatment of animals, their stores, food and customer service to offer leaner, healthier and more upmarket products. The few vocal critics who have secured media coverage seem to rely on sensationalizing the issue — e.g., eating McDonald’s for 30 days makes you fat. They seem to ignore the results from other experiments where people who ate suitable portions of McDonald’s food for the same 30 day period actually lost weight. Other challenges that have been found to be lies in courts of law include allegations of animal cruelty, unsafe food and food that makes people obese. Yet the public continue to believe these allegations. Can the industry do more, or do something different, to change people’s minds?
Spatial organization of gold and alteration mineralogy in hydrothermal systems: wavelet analysis of drillcore from Sunrise Dam Gold Mine, Western Australia
Authors: Munro Mark A. , Ord Alison , Hobbs Bruce E. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The spatial distributions of mineralization and alteration in hydrothermal systems are complex and are often considered to be cryptic and problematic to quantify. We used wavelet analysis of conventional hyperspectral drillcore logs to demonstrate quantitatively that primary Au mineralization, common vein-hosted mineralogy (calcite and ankerite), host rock alteration mineralogy (sericite and chlorite) and regional-scale metamorphic assemblages (amphibole) organize spatially as multifractals. This documentation of multifractal spatial organization in Au and alteration mineralogy is sufficient to show that they are the result of underlying deterministic dynamic processes as opposed to random stochastic processes. The application of wavelets to three ore bodies (GQ, Vogue and Cosmo East) from the highly endowed Archaean Sunrise Dam hydrothermal Au system of Western Australia shows that the spatial organizations of Au and ankerite are more closely associated in GQ than in Vogue. The spatial organization of Au in Vogue is more strongly associated with calcite. Primary Au mineralization and infill carbonate mineralogy are more complexly organized than sericitic and chloritic host rock alteration. Although demonstrated here for a hydrothermal system, wavelet analysis is readily applicable to downhole or outcrop data from any deposit type.
Mining Redescriptions with Siren
Authors: Galbrun Esther , Miettinen Pauli 
Published: February 2018

In many areas of science, scientists need to find distinct common characterizations of the same objects and, vice versa, to identify sets of objects that admit multiple shared descriptions. For example, in biology, an important task is to identify the bioclimatic constraints that allow some species to survive, that is, to describe geographical regions both in terms of the fauna that inhabits them and of their bioclimatic conditions. In data analysis, the task of automatically generating such alternative characterizations is called redescription mining.
If a domain expert wants to use redescription mining in his research, merely being able to find redescriptions is not enough. He must also be able to understand the redescriptions found, adjust them to better match his domain knowledge, test alternative hypotheses with them, and guide the mining process toward results he considers interesting. To facilitate these goals, we introduce Siren, an interactive tool for mining and visualizing redescriptions.
Siren allows to obtain redescriptions in an anytime fashion through efficient, distributed mining, to examine the results in various linked visualizations, to interact with the results either directly or via the visualizations, and to guide the mining algorithm toward specific redescriptions. In this article, we explain the features of Siren and why they are useful for redescription mining. We also propose two novel redescription mining algorithms that improve the generalizability of the results compared to the existing ones.
Simple and Selective HPLC-UV/Vis Bioanalytical Method to Determine Aluminum Phthalocyanine Chloride in Skin Permeation Studies
Authors: Reis Thaiene Avila , Jaculi Ana Elise , Alves Rubens da Costa , Gratieri Tais , Azevedo Ricardo Bentes , Joanitti Graziella Anselmo , Gelfuso Guilherme Martins , Cunha-Filho Marcilio 
Published: February 2018

Considering the feasibility of the aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlPcCl) application in the topical photodynamic therapy of cutaneous tumors and the lack of HPLC methods capable of supporting skin permeation experiments using this compound, the aim of this study was to obtain a simple and selective chromatographic method for AlPcCl determination in skin matrices. A HPLC-UV/Vis method was developed using a normal-phase column operating at 30°C, an isocratic mobile phase of methanol : phosphoric acid (0.01 M) at 1.5 mL/min, and detection at 670 nm. The method exhibited (i) selectivity against various contaminants found in the different skin layers, (ii) high drug extraction capacity from the hair follicle (>70%) and remaining skin (>80%), and (iii) low limits of detection and of quantification (0.03 and 0.09 μg/mL, resp.). The method was also linear in the range from 0.1 to 5.0 µg/mL (r = 0.9994) and demonstrated robustness with regard to experimental chromatographic parameters according to a factorial design. Lastly, the developed method was successfully tested in in vitro skin permeation studies of AlPcCl, proving its effectiveness in the development of pharmaceutical delivery systems containing this drug for topical photodynamic therapy of skin cancers.
microRNA-1246 Is an Exosomal Biomarker for Aggressive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bhagirath Divya , Yang Thao Ly , Bucay Nathan , Sekhon Kirandeep , Majid Shahana , Shahryari Varahram , Dahiya Rajvir , Tanaka Yuichiro , Saini Sharanjot 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Because of high heterogeneity, molecular characterization of prostate cancer based on biopsy sampling is often challenging. Hence, a minimally invasive method to determine the molecular imprints of a patient's tumor for risk stratification would be advantageous. In this study, we employ a novel, digital amplification-free quantification method using the nCounter technology (NanoString Technologies) to profile exosomal serum miRNAs (ex-miRNA) from aggressive prostate cancer cases, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and disease-free controls. We identified several dysregulated miRNAs, one of which was the tumor suppressor miR-1246. miR-1246 was downregulated in prostate cancer clinical tissues and cell lines and was selectively released into exosomes. Overexpression of miR-1246 in a prostate cancer cell line significantly inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo and increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation, invasiveness, and migration in vitro. miR-1246 inhibited N-cadherin and vimentin activities, thereby inhibiting epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Ex-miR-1246 expression correlated with increasing pathologic grade, positive metastasis, and poor prognosis. Our analyses suggest ex-miR-1246 as a promising prostate cancer biomarker with diagnostic potential that can predict disease aggressiveness.
Significance: Dysregulation of exosomal miRNAs in aggressive prostate cancer leads to alteration of key signaling pathways associated with metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1833–44. ©2018 AACR.
PBX3 Is Part of an EMT Regulatory Network and Indicates Poor Outcome in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lamprecht Sebastian , Kaller Markus , Schmidt Eva Marina , Blaj Cristina , Schiergens Tobias S. , Engel Jutta , Jung Andreas , Hermeking Heiko , Grünewald Thomas G.P. , Kirchner Thomas , Horst David 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Colorectal cancers are composed of phenotypically different tumor cell subpopulations within the same core genetic background. Here, we identify high expression of the TALE transcription factor PBX3 in tumor cells undergoing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), analyze PBX3 regulation, and determine clinical associations in colorectal cancer.
Experimental design: We used transcriptomic and in situ analyses to identify PBX3 expression in colorectal cancer and cell biology approaches to determine its regulation and function. Clinical associations were analyzed in independent tissue collections and gene expression datasets of colorectal cancers with recorded follow-up data.
Results: PBX3 was expressed in tumor cells with high WNT activity undergoing EMT at the leading tumor edge of colorectal cancers, whereas stromal cells were PBX3 negative. PBX3 expression was induced by WNT activation and by the EMT transcription factors SNAIL and ZEB1, whereas these effects were mediated indirectly through microRNA miR-200. PBX3 was required for a full EMT phenotype in colon cancer cells. On the protein level, PBX3 expression indicated poor cancer-specific and disease-free survival in a cohort of 244 UICC stage II colorectal cancers, and was associated with metastasis in a case–control collection consisting of 90 cases with or without distant metastasis. On the mRNA level, high PBX3 expression was strongly linked to poor disease-free survival.
Conclusions: PBX3 is a novel indicator of EMT in colorectal cancer, part of an EMT regulatory network, and a promising prognostic predictor that may aid in therapeutic decision making for patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 24(8); 1974–86. ©2018 AACR.
Association Between Early Hyperoxia Exposure After Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest and Neurological Disability
Authors: Roberts Brian W. , Kilgannon J. Hope , Hunter Benton R. , Puskarich Michael A. , Pierce Lisa , Donnino Michael , Leary Marion , Kline Jeffrey A. , Jones Alan E. , Shapiro Nathan I. , Abella Benjamin S. , Trzeciak Stephen 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Studies examining the association between hyperoxia exposure after resuscitation from cardiac arrest and clinical outcomes have reported conflicting results. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that early postresuscitation hyperoxia is associated with poor neurological outcome.

Methods:

This was a multicenter prospective cohort study. We included adult patients with cardiac arrest who were mechanically ventilated and received targeted temperature management after return of spontaneous circulation. We excluded patients with cardiac arrest caused by trauma or sepsis. Per protocol, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (Pa
o
2
) was measured at 1 and 6 hours after return of spontaneous circulation. Hyperoxia was defined as a Pa
o
2
>300 mm Hg during the initial 6 hours after return of spontaneous circulation. The primary outcome was poor neurological function at hospital discharge, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score >3. Multivariable generalized linear regression with a log link was used to test the association between Pa
o
2
and poor neurological outcome. To assess whether there was an association between other supranormal Pa
o
2
levels and poor neurological outcome, we used other Pa
o
2
cut points to define hyperoxia (ie, 100, 150, 200, 250, 350, 400 mm Hg).

Results:
Of the 280 patients included, 105 (38%) had exposure to hyperoxia. Poor neurological function at hospital discharge occurred in 70% of patients in the entire cohort and in 77% versus 65% among patients with versus without exposure to hyperoxia respectively (absolute risk difference, 12%; 95% confidence interval, 1–23). Hyperoxia was independently associated with poor neurological function (relative risk, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.35). On multivariable analysis, a 1-hour-longer duration of hyperoxia exposure was associated with a 3% increase in risk of poor neurological outcome (relative risk, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.05). We found that the association with poor neurological outcome began at ≥300 mm Hg.

Conclusions:
Early hyperoxia exposure after resuscitation from cardiac arrest was independently associated with poor neurological function at hospital discharge.
Targeting Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage–Induced Overexpression of Sodium‐Coupled Bicarbonate Exchanger Reduces Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Formation in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Li Qian , Ding Yan , Krafft Paul , Wan Weifeng , Yan Feng , Wu Guangyong , Zhang Yixin , Zhan Qunling , Zhang John H. 
Published: February 2018

Background

Germinal matrix hemorrhage (
GMH
) is a leading cause of mortality and lifelong morbidity in preterm infants. Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (
PHH
) is a common complication of
GMH
. A sodium‐coupled bicarbonate exchanger (
NCBE
) encoded by solute carrier family 4 member 10 gene is expressed on the choroid plexus basolateral membrane and may play a role in cerebrospinal fluid production and the development of
PHH
. Following
GMH
, iron degraded from hemoglobin has been linked to
PHH
. Choroid plexus epithelial cells also contain iron‐responsive element‐binding proteins (
IRP
s),
IRP
1, and
IRP
2 that bind to
mRNA
iron‐responsive elements. The present study aims to resolve the following issues: (1) whether the expression of
NCBE
is regulated by
IRP
s; (2) whether
NCBE
regulates the formation of
GMH
‐induced hydrocephalus; and (3) whether inhibition of
NCBE
reduces
PHH
development.

Methods and Results

GMH
model was established in P7 rat pups by injecting bacterial collagenase into the right ganglionic eminence. Another group received iron trichloride injections instead of collagenase. Deferoxamine was administered intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days after
GMH
/iron trichloride. Solute carrier family 4 member 10 small interfering RNA or scrambled small interfering RNA was administered by intracerebroventricular injection 24 hours before
GMH
and followed with an injection every 7 days over 21 days.
NCBE
expression increased while
IRP
2 expression decreased after
GMH
/iron trichloride. Deferoxamine ameliorated both the
GMH
‐induced and iron trichloride–induced decrease of
IRP
2 and decreased
NCBE
expressions. Deferoxamine and solute carrier family 4 member 10 small interfering RNA improved cognitive and motor functions at 21 to 28 days post
GMH
and reduced cerebrospinal fluid production as well as the degree of hydrocephalus at 28 days after
GMH
.

Conclusions

Targeting iron‐induced overexpression of
NCBE
may be a translatable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of
PHH
following
GMH
.
Absence of July Phenomenon in Acute Ischemic Stroke Care Quality and Outcomes
Authors: Gonzalez‐Castellon Marco , Ju Christine , Xian Ying , Hernandez Adrian , Fonarow Gregg C. , Schwamm Lee , Smith Eric E. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Reeves Matthew , Willey Joshua Z. 
Published: February 2018

Background
Lower care quality and an increase in adverse outcomes as a result of new medical trainees is a concept well rooted in popular belief, termed the “July phenomenon.” Whether this phenomenon occurs in acute ischemic stroke has not been well studied.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from patients admitted with ischemic stroke in 1625 hospitals participating in the Get With The Guidelines–Stroke program for the 5‐year period between January 2009 and December 2013. We compared acute stroke treatment processes and in‐hospitals outcomes among the 4 quarters (first quarter: July–September, last quarter: April–June) of the academic year. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between academic year transition and processes measures. A total of 967 891 patients were included in the study. There was a statistically significant, but modest (<4 minutes or 5 percentage points) difference in distribution of or quality and clinical metrics including door‐to‐computerized tomography time, door‐to‐needle time, the proportion of patients with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 36 hours of admission, and the proportion of patients who received defect‐free care in stroke performance measures among academic year quarters (
P
<0.0001). In multivariable analyses, there was no evidence that quarter 1 of the academic year was associated with lower quality of care or worse in‐hospital outcomes in teaching and nonteaching hospitals.

Conclusions
We found no evidence of the “July phenomenon” in patients with acute ischemic stroke among hospitals participating in the Get With The Guidelines–Stroke program.
Art and Value – Museum Collections as Commons
Authors: Shaked Nizan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Art and Value: Art’s Economic Exceptionalism in Classical, Neoclassical and Marxist Economics reveals the irreconcilable differences between the Marxist economic definition of the term ‘value’ and its other uses in relation to the art object. It corrects the faulty assumption, symptomatic of a capitalist worldview, that rare or historic objects bear intrinsic value. Beech’s analysis of art’s value-form is critical to unpacking the double ontological condition of art as both an object of collective symbolic value and as a hoard of monetary value, since the two operate in mutually exclusive spheres, yet function to constitute one another. The book can help us understand the capitalist sleight of hand that allows art to flicker between two forms of being, making profit appear as value, and value appear as significance (and vice versa), the toggling between the two facilitating the transfer of commonly-held symbolic value in support of the individual accumulation of wealth.
Freedom of Religion and Its Regulation in Nigeria: Analysis of Preaching Board Laws in Some States of Northern Nigeria
Authors: Garba Ahmed Salisu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe re-enactment of religious preaching board laws to regulate religious preaching in some states of Northern Nigeria generated debates between Government on the one hand and religious/human rights groups on the other. This research examines the Preaching Board Laws of Kano, Borno and Kaduna States in Northern Nigeria through the prism of the Nigerian Constitution and other democratic norms that relate to the right to freedom of religion in all democratic orders. It applies argumentative methodology to raise and analyse the following questions: how reasonable and justifiable are these religious preaching board laws in a democratic Nigeria?; what gave rise to the enactment of these laws in the states under study?; what judicial review mechanism would be employed to determine their reasonableness and justifiability in a democracy?; how do they accord with the freedom of religion clause in the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria? The research establishes that some of the provisions of these laws are inconsistent with the provisions of the Nigerian Constitution and, by extension, international freedom of religion norms operating in all democratic orders. Second, Nigerian courts have not developed suitable balancing mechanisms for resolving conflicts between the right of the state to regulate and citizens’ right to freedom of religion otherwise called the two competing rights, in the light of which the research calls for the amendment of the laws to accord with the provisions of the Constitution and international freedom of religion norms acceptable in all democracies. The paper further recommends a harmonised proportionality test or judicial standard of review based on Nigeria’s religion-state relations and local experience for the use of courts, legislators and administrative agents coming face to face with this type of conflict in their official capacity.