bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet function test HemoSTATUS 2: tool or toy for an optimized management of hemostasis?
Authors: Isgro Frank , Rehn Erik , Kiessling Arndt-H , Kretz Kai-U , Kilian Wolfgang , Saggau W 
Published: July 2002

Background: Bleeding after open heart surgery is a common but unintended problem, which is unequivocally related to platelet function. The target of our study was to correlate platelet activation levels and postoperative blood loss as well as the predictive power of measurements focusing on postoperative hemostasis. Materials and methods: The prospective trial comprised 100 patients (mean age: 64.3 years, 68% male) undergoing cardiac surgery. Platelet activation was measured by the new and modified HemoSTATUS™ test. Blood samples were drawn pre-, intra- and postoperatively. Standard hemostasis tests, including activated clotting time (ACT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), hemoglobin, platelet count, antithrombin III (AT III) and fibrinogen, were measured according to the clinical routine. Blood loss and consumed blood products were documented up to the 24th hour after the operation. Results: Platelet activation showed a typical change, with lowest levels after the end of extracorporeal circulation and a restitution to preoperative levels after 24 h. Mean blood loss was 461 ml. Statistical analysis showed neither a correlation to the platelet activation measurements nor to low pre-, intra- or postoperative levels. Conclusion: The HemoSTATUS platelet function test is not suitable for a reliable monitoring of platelet pathophysiology and patient outcome after extracorporeal circulation. Furthermore, no correlation of preoperative platelet activation and blood loss could be shown.
Factors influencing the change in cerebral hemodynamics in pediatric patients during and after corrective cardiac surgery of congenital heart diseases by means of full-flow cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Abdul-Khaliq Hashim , Uhlig Ralph , Böttcher Wolfgang , Ewert Peter , Alexi-Meskishvili Vladimir , Lange Peter E. 
Published: July 2002

Background: The pathophysiology of hypoxic -ischemic brain injury in relation to extracorporeal circulation is multifactorial and can be interpreted, in part, as possible alteration in cerebral perfusion and inadequate oxygen delivery to the brain cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate influencing factors on the change in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) patterns determined by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) in infants who undergo corrective cardiac surgery by means of full-flow cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: Included in the study were 67 neonates, infants, and children with a median age of 4 months (0.1-70 months), median weight of 4.8 kg (2.5-18.8 kg), and with cyanotic and noncyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD), who underwent surgical correction of CHD by means of CPB [flow rate 144± 47 ml/kg body weight (BW)] and the alpha-stat strategy. The patients were divided into three groups with respect to the minimum rectal temperature during perfusion: deep hypothermic CPB (< 18°C) n= 18, moderate hypothermic CPB (22-35°C) n= 29, normothermic CPB (36°C) n=20. Continuous determination of mean flow velocity (Vmean) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) by TCD provided qualitative on-line information on cerebral perfusion. The pulsatility index (PI) was calculated in accordance with the formula: PI = Maximum flow velocity -end -diastolic flow velocity/Mean flow velocity and was used as a parameter for the qualitative assessment of cerebrovascular resistance after the end of CPB. Results: The Vmean was significantly increased 15 min after cross-clamping in the normothermic group ( p= 0.03) and decreased in the moderate hypothermic group ( p=0.02) and deep hypothermic group ( p= 0.009). The postoperative Vmean values correlated significantly with age ( r= 0.79, p< 0.0001), weight ( r= 0.75, p< 0.0001), bypass time ( r=-0.51, p=0.0006), and minimum rectal temperature ( r= 0.60, p= 0.0001). Mean arterial pressure and hemoglobin concentration, but not pCO2, seem to significantly influence the change in Vmean after the termination of CPB ( r= 0.5, p= 0.001; r= -0.55, p= 0.002, respectively). In comparison with the values at the start of CPB, the Vmeanwas significantly decreased after the end of CPB in the hypothermic and moderate hypothermic groups and still significantly elevated in the normothermic group. The age-independent PI was increased after termination of bypass in all groups ( p<0.05) and still slightly elevated after the end of operation in the hypothermic group ( p= 0.05). Conclusions: The changes in CBFV patterns before, during, and after the termination of CPB were dependent on age, weight, perfusion pressure, and degree of hypothermia during CPB.
Correspondence of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) self-care subscale with real-time observations of dementia patients' ADL performance in the home
Authors: Cotter Ellen M , Burgio Louis D , Stevens Alan B , Roth David L , Gitlin Laura N 
Published: July 2002

Objective: To determine if caregivers of dementia patients can validly report (a) the level of patient activities of daily living (ADL) dependence and (b) the amount of time they spend providing ADL assistance. Design: Seven ADLs were assessed through caregiver report using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and then videotaped. Videotapes were coded using a computer-assisted data collection system that documented the nature and duration of caregiver assistance provided during ADLs. Setting: The study took place in the homes of the caregiver–patient dyads. Subjects: Twenty-one people with dementia and their primary caregivers participated in the study. Main outcome measures: Data analysis examined (a) the degree to which caregiver-reported FIM scores corresponded to FIM scores derived from the observational data and (b) the extent to which caregivers' estimates of ADL assistance time corresponded to the assistance time observed during ADL interactions. Results: For all ADLs, caregiver-reported FIM scores were correlated significantly with observation-derived FIM scores ( rs values ranged from 0.620 to 0.909), and means were similar. Assistance durations were also significantly correlated for some ADLs, but means were significantly different, indicating poor correspondence. Conclusions: Although caregivers of dementia patients can describe the nature of their ADL assistance with reasonable accuracy, they consistently overestimate their ADL assistance time, suggesting that caregiver reports of ADL assistance duration be used with caution. Additionally, the degree to which the assistance provided corresponds to the assistance actually needed needs to be addressed in future studies.
Pain, sedation and morphine metabolism in cancer patients during long-term treatment with sustained-release morphine
Authors: Andersen G , Jensen N-H , Christrup L , Hansen S H , Sjøgren P 
Published: July 2002

Background: Morphine-6-glucuronide (M-6-G) and morphine-3-glucuronide (M-3-G) are the two most important metabolites of morphine. Both are pharmacologically active, however, with different effects. M-6-G has been demonstrated capable of inducing anti-nociception and sedation, and M-3-G may induce behavioural excitation and possibly antagonise anti-nociception. Their impact on pharmacodynamics in patients in long-term treatment with oral morphine remains to be settled. Methods: Forty-two cancer patients treated with oral sustained-release (SR) morphine were assessed for pain, sedation and other side effects related to morphine treatment. Blood samples were analysed for morphine, M-3-G and M-6-G by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Significant correlations were found between the daily dose of SR morphine and plasma morphine (M) (r=0.535, P<0.001), plasma M-6-G (r =0.868, P<0.001) and plasma M-3-G (r =0.865, P<0.001). There was no relationship between plasma morphine, M-6-G, M-6-G/M and pain and sedation scores. Seventy-nine percent of the patients suffered from dryness of the mouth, which was the most frequent side effect observed. Patients in this group had higher plasma morphine and M-6-G concentrations than patients who did not suffer from this side effect. Conclusion: The plasma concentrations of morphine and its metabolites, M-3-G and M-6-G, are significantly correlated to the daily dose of SR morphine. Although M-6-G has analgesic properties, no associations were found between pain and plasma morphine and morphine metabolites. This may be due to the multitudinous factors affecting the dose effect relationship. Patients with dryness of the mouth had higher concentrations of morphine and M-6-G than patients without this side effect.
Virtual Reality and Simulation: Training the Future Emergency Physician
Authors: Reznek Martin , Harter Phillip , Krummel Thomas 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe traditional system of clinical education in emergency medicine relies on practicing diagnostic, therapeutic, and procedural skills on live patients. The ethical, financial, and practical weaknesses of this system are well recognized, but the alternatives that have been explored to date have shown even greater flaws. However, ongoing progress in the area of virtual reality and computer‐enhanced simulation is now providing educational applications that show tremendous promise in overcoming most of the deficiencies associated with live‐patient training. It will be important for academic emergency physicians to become more involved with this technology to ensure that our educational system benefits optimally.
Evaluating Acceptance and Understanding of Risk in the Emergency Department:Are All Risk Statements Created Equally?
Authors: Feldman James A. , Risbano Michael , Mitchell Patricia M. , Metha Supriya D. , Fish Susan S. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract. Objective: To determine whether mathematically equivalent but conceptually different presentations of risk from radioactive isotope exposure might affect the rate of agreement to participate in a hypothetical research study. Methods: This was a prospective study of consenting English‐speaking subjects more than 18 years of age who were asked whether they would agree to participate in a mock study when presented with six mathematically equivalent statements of research‐related risk. Participants were classified as recognizing the equivalence of the risk statements if they accepted all or refused all of the risk statements. Results: Three hundred forty‐six subjects were enrolled. There were 55 subjects (16%; 95% CI = 12% to 20%) who refused all of the six risk statements, and 23 participants (6.7%; 95% CI = 4% to 9%) who accepted all of the given risk statements. Most of the participants (77%; 95% CI = 73% to 82%) did not recognize that the six risk statements were equivalent and agreed to some, or did not understand some of the risk statements. In stepwise multivariate logistic regression, being white, being of older age, and having higher education were associated with a higher likelihood of accepting or rejecting all six of the risk statements. Conclusions: Ethnicity, age, and education affected whether patients recognized the equivalence of six risk statements for a hypothetical study of low‐dose radiation. Risk acceptance may be more likely when familiar concepts are used to express research risks. Researchers must focus on strategies that enhance the understanding of research risks and address the reasons for nonparticipation by subjects who are younger, of different ethnic or cultural background, or of lower education.
An Update on the Survival of the First 50 Face Transplants Worldwide
Authors: Homsy Pauliina , Huelsboemer Lioba , Barret Juan P. , Blondeel Phillip , Borsuk Daniel E. , Bula Daniel , Gelb Bruce , Infante-Cossio Pedro , Lantieri Laurent , Mardini Samir , Morelon Emmanuel , Nasir Serdar , Papay Francis , Petruzzo Palmina , Rodriguez Eduardo , Özkan Özlenen , Özmen Selahattin , Pomahac Bohdan , Lassus Patrik 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceSince 2005, a total of 50 face transplants have been reported from 18 centers in 11 countries. The overall survival of the grafts has not yet been established.ObjectiveTo assess the survival of the face transplant grafts and evaluate factors potentially influencing it.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsData on all the transplants included in this multicenter cohort study were collected at participating transplant centers for updated nonpublished data, supplemented with literature review for nonparticipating centers. Data from 2005 until September 2023, were included. Data were analyzed from November 11, 2005, through September 18, 2023. Patients included the first 50 patients in the world to have received a face transplant.ExposureFace transplant graft.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the overall survival of the face transplant graft, defined as either transplant loss or patient death. The secondary outcome was the number of acute rejection episodes per year.ResultsThe 50 transplants were performed on 39 men (81%) and 9 women (19%) with a median age of 35 (range, 19-68) years at the time of the transplant. The median follow-up time was 8.9 (range, 0.2-16.7) years. During the follow-up, 6 transplants were lost with 2 patients retransplanted. There were 10 patients who died, 2 of whom had lost a transplant. The 5- and 10-year survival of the transplants was 85% (SD, 5%) and 74% (SD, 7%), respectively. The sequential number of the transplant in the world was a significant predictor of survival (hazard ratio, 95; 95% CI, 90-100; P &amp;lt; 05). The median number of acute rejection episodes per year was 1.2 (range, 0-5.3) for the transplants that were lost and 0.7 (range, 0-4.6) for the transplants that survived. No correlation with patient and transplant variables was detected for either the transplant survival or the number of rejection episodes.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, the overall survival of the face transplants is encouraging. These data suggest that the acceptable long-term survival of face transplants makes them a reconstructive option for extensive facial defects.
Language abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease indicate reduced informativeness
Authors: Bayat Sabereh , Sanati Mahya , Mohammad‐Panahi Mehrdad , Khodadadi Amirhossein , Ghasimi Mahdieh , Rezaee Sahar , Besharat Sara , Mahboubi‐Fooladi Zahra , Almasi‐Dooghaee Mostafa , Sanei‐Taheri Morteza , Dickerson Bradford C. , Rezaii Neguine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to elucidate the cognitive underpinnings of language abnormalities in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) using a computational cross‐linguistic approach and ultimately enhance the understanding and diagnostic accuracy of the disease.MethodsComputational analyses were conducted on language samples of 156 English and 50 Persian speakers, comprising both AD patients and healthy controls, to extract language indicators of AD. Furthermore, we introduced a machine learning‐based metric, Language Informativeness Index (LII), to quantify empty speech.ResultsDespite considerable disparities in surface structures between the two languages, we observed consistency across language indicators of AD in both English and Persian. Notably, indicators of AD in English resulted in a classification accuracy of 90% in classifying AD in Persian. The substantial degree of transferability suggests that the language abnormalities of AD do not tightly link to the surface structures specific to English. Subsequently, we posited that these abnormalities stem from impairments in a more universal aspect of language production: the ability to generate informative messages independent of the language spoken. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found significant correlations between language indicators of AD and empty speech in both English and Persian.InterpretationThe findings of this study suggest that language impairments in AD arise from a deficit in a universal aspect of message formation rather than from the breakdown of language‐specific morphosyntactic structures. Beyond enhancing our understanding of the psycholinguistic deficits of AD, our approach fosters the development of diagnostic tools across various languages, enhancing health equity and biocultural diversity.
Assessment of central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions in pediatric multiple sclerosis
Authors: Margoni Monica , Preziosa Paolo , Pagani Elisabetta , Storelli Loredana , Gueye Mor , Moiola Lucia , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe evaluation of white matter lesions (WMLs) showing the central vein sign (CVS) and paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) has been suggested to enhance the diagnostic work‐up of adult multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to evaluate the fulfillment of different CVS criteria and the added value of PRLs in 22 pediatric MS patients. Eleven patients (50%) fulfilled the 40%‐rule threshold. Nineteen (86%) patients had ≥3 CVS+ WMLs or ≥1 PRL, whereas 17 (77%) had ≥6 CVS+ WMLs or ≥1 PRL. A simplified CVS‐based approach, with the combined evaluation of ≥1 PRL in patients with ≥6 CVS+ WMLs, may improve MS diagnosis in pediatric patients.
Radiation Hardness and Defects Activity in PEA2PbBr4 Single Crystals
Authors: Ciavatti Andrea , Foderà Vito , Armaroli Giovanni , Maserati Lorenzo , Colantoni Elisabetta , Fraboni Beatrice , Cavalcoli Daniela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskites (MHPs) are low‐temperature processable hybrid semiconductor materials with exceptional performances that are revolutionizing the field of optoelectronic devices. Despite their great potential, commercial deployment is hindered by MHPs lack of stability and durability, mainly attributed to ion migration and chemical interactions with the electrodes. To address these issues, 2D layered MHPs are investigated as possible device interlayers or active material substitutes. Here, the 2D perovskite (PEA)2PbBr4 is considered that is recently discussed as promising candidate for X‐ray direct detection. While the increased resilience of (PEA)2PbBr4 radiation detectors has already been reported, the physical mechanisms responsible for such improvement compared to 3D perovskites are not still fully understood. To unravel the charge transport process in (PEA)2PbBr4 crystals thought to underly the device better performance, an investigation technique is adapted previously used on highly resistive inorganic semiconductors, called photo induced current transient spectroscopy (PICTS). It is demonstrated that PICTS can reliably detect three trap states (T1, T2, and T3), and that their evolution upon X‐ray exposure can explain (PEA)2PbBr4 superior radiation tolerance and reduced aging effects. Overall, the results provide essential insights into the electrical characteristics of 2D perovskites and their potential application as reliable direct X‐ray detectors.
Cyclic Atomic Layer Etching of PdSe2
Authors: Kang Ji Eun , Choi Seung Yup , Han Hye Won , Kim Ji Min , Kim Ye Eun , Seok Hyunho , Kim Taesung , Kim Doo San , Yeom Geun Young 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe unique characteristic of 2D transition‐metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductor materials such as PdSe2 is the ability of the bandgap to vary on the basis of the number of layers present. This variation results in a broad bandgap range spanning from semi‐metallic to semiconducting materials, underscoring the significance of precisely controlling the material thickness. In this study, the thicknesses of chemical vapor deposited PdSe2 films are precisely controlled layer‐by‐layer via cyclic atomic layer etching (ALE), which comprised a radical adsorption step generated by oxygen and chlorine plasmas, followed by a desorption step with an organic solvent vapor such as formic acid. Cyclic etching with one monolayer of PdSe2/cycle is achieved using both types of adsorption gases while maintaining the ratio of Se/Pd underlying PdSe2 at ≈2. This cyclic ALE method is also applicable for smoothing TMD material surfaces by isotropically removing individual rough surface layers. Because this etching method only utilizes chemical reactions with radicals generated by plasmas and organic vapors, it is not only unaffected by the physical damage caused by the irradiation of energetic particles such as ions in plasmas, but also is applicable to 3D structure processing.
Increased Static Charge‐Induced Threshold Voltage Shifts and Memristor Activity in Pentacene OFETs Comprising Polystyrene‐Based Gate Dielectrics Containing Electroactive Small Molecule Crystallites
Authors: Bond Christopher R. , Reich Daniel H. , Katz Howard E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTop‐contact bottom‐gate pentacene OFETs are fabricated with single layer dielectrics comprised of either polystyrene (PS), poly(4‐methylstyrene) (P4MS), or poly(4‐tert‐butylstyrene) (P4TBS). The polystyrenes are blended with varying concentrations of two different small molecules, dibenzotetrathiafulvalene (DBTTF) and 2,8‐difluoro‐5,11‐bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene (diF‐TES‐ADT), to form small, separated crystallites contained throughout the polymer dielectric layer. The OFET characteristics of these devices are investigated and their threshold voltage shifts are measured after −70 V static charging for 5 min. Two‐terminal measurements are conducted using multiple different gate biases in the range of −50 to +50 V to investigate memristor behavior in the devices. OFETs containing DBTTF exhibited ΔVth increases as large as 330% relative to control OFETs containing no DBTTF, while OFETs containing at least 7.5 wt.% DBTTF exhibited memristor activity, with currents ranging from 20 nA to 44 µA depending on the applied bias. This work demonstrates that including small, separated crystallites in polymer dielectrics enhances their charge storage ability and can be promising for creating nonbinary memory devices for data processing. Additionally, the observed memristor activity indicates the OFETs in this work can be used in development of neuromorphic systems that aim to mimic the synaptic behavior of the human nervous system.
Electrostatic Interactions Dominate the Surface Assembly of Silicon‐Based Nanospheres on Carbon Nanofibers for Flexible Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiang Miaomiao , Luo Hongxia , Chen Junliang , Chen Lei , Jiang Wan , Yang Jianping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe construction of flexible freestanding silicon‐based electrodes eliminates the addition of inactive materials, improving the overall energy density, and effectively avoiding the disadvantage of active materials being easily separated from the collector due to the volume effect. However, many reports of flexible freestanding electrodes lack long‐term cycling stability. Here, 3 different silicon‐based freestanding electrodes are designed and find that the freestanding electrode with surface assembly dominated by electrostatic interactions can significantly improve long‐term cycling stability. Owing to better mechanical properties, this surface‐assembled electrode demonstrates unique flexibility. The conductive framework and unique void structure not only reveal the excellent lithium‐ion diffusion capability and charge‐transfer kinetics but also provide ample space for the volume expansion of the silicon‐based material, which endows electrodes with excellent electrochemical performance. With 2 folds, the capacity remains at 471 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles (0.5 A g−1). In addition, the as‐prepared flexible pouch cell maintains high capacity and cycling stability after folding, with an average capacity degradation of only 0.01% per cycle during 1000 cycles, highlighting its considerable potential in the development of flexible devices. Remarkably, such interfacial assembly on the fiber surface also enables the modulation of multilayer assembly.