bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new live-cell reporter strategy to simultaneously monitor mitochondrial biogenesis and morphology
Authors: Hodneland Nilsson Linn Iren , Nitschke Pettersen Ina Katrine , Nikolaisen Julie , Micklem David , Avsnes Dale Hege , Vatne Røsland Gro , Lorens James , Tronstad Karl Johan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractChanges in mitochondrial amount and shape are intimately linked to maintenance of cell homeostasis via adaptation of vital functions. Here, we developed a new live-cell reporter strategy to simultaneously monitor mitochondrial biogenesis and morphology. This was achieved by making a genetic reporter construct where a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), controls expression of mitochondria targeted green fluorescent protein (mitoGFP). HeLa cells with the reporter construct demonstrated inducible expression of mitoGFP upon activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) with AICAR. We established stable reporter cells where the mitoGFP reporter activity corresponded with mitochondrial biogenesis both in magnitude and kinetics, as confirmed by biochemical markers and confocal microscopy. Quantitative 3D image analysis confirmed accordant increase in mitochondrial biomass, in addition to filament/network promoting and protecting effects on mitochondrial morphology, after treatment with AICAR. The level of mitoGFP reversed upon removal of AICAR, in parallel with decrease in mtDNA. In summary, we here present a new GFP-based genetic reporter strategy to study mitochondrial regulation and dynamics in living cells. This combinatorial reporter concept can readily be transferred to other cell models and contexts to address specific physiological mechanisms.
Buckling of Microtubules on a 2D Elastic Medium
Authors: Kabir Arif Md. Rashedul , Inoue Daisuke , Afrin Tanjina , Mayama Hiroyuki , Sada Kazuki , Kakugo Akira 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe have demonstrated compression stress induced mechanical deformation of microtubules (MTs) on a two-dimensional elastic medium and investigated the role of compression strain, strain rate and a MT-associated protein in the deformation of MTs. We show that MTs, supported on a two-dimensional substrate by a MT-associated protein kinesin, undergo buckling when they are subjected to compression stress. Compression strain strongly affects the extent of buckling, although compression rate has no substantial effect on the buckling of MTs. Most importantly, the density of kinesin is found to play the key role in determining the buckling mode of MTs. We have made a comparison between our experimental results and the ‘elastic foundation model’ that theoretically predicts the buckling behavior of MTs and its connection to MT-associated proteins. Taking into consideration the role of kinesin in altering the mechanical property of MTs, we are able to explain the buckling behavior of MTs by the elastic foundation model. This work will help understand the buckling mechanism of MTs and its connection to MT-associated proteins or surrounding medium and consequently will aid in obtaining a meticulous scenario of the compression stress induced deformation of MTs in cells.
Optical fibre intrusion detection method based on Lefevre‐loop and bidirectional polarisation optical time‐domain reflectometer‐C technique
Authors: Franciscangelis Carolina , Floridia Claudio , Fruett Fabiano 
Published: November 2015

The authors validated a novel optical fibre intrusion sensor proposal based on Lefevre‐loop and bidirectional polarisation optical time‐domain reflectometer technique. Disturbances along 5 m fibre section inside 9 km perimeter were localised within 18 m resolution.
CD11b+Ly6G−myeloid cells mediate mechanical inflammatory pain hypersensitivity
Authors: Ghasemlou Nader , Chiu Isaac M. , Julien Jean-Pierre , Woolf Clifford J. 
Published: November 2015

SignificanceInflammatory mediators can activate and sensitize nociceptors, specialized high-threshold nerve fibers that relay noxious signals to the spinal cord and brain to initiate pain. However, the contribution of specific immune cell types to pain in animal models of inflammation remains largely unknown. We therefore characterized the immune response in two widely used preclinical models of inflammatory pain: intraplantar injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant and plantar incisional wound. Cell-depletion strategies investigated the contribution of neutrophils, myeloid cells (including monocytes and macrophages), and T cells to pain behavior outcomes. Our results show that these two models induced quite different inflammatory processes and that targeted elimination of a subpopulation of nonneutrophil myeloid cells blocked development of mechanical hypersensitivity following incisional wounds.
Weaker axially dipolar time-averaged paleomagnetic field based on multidomain-corrected paleointensities from Galapagos lavas
Authors: Wang Huapei , Kent Dennis V. , Rochette Pierre 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Our multidomain-corrected paleointensity results from near-equatorial lavas from the Galapagos give a mean intensity only about one-half of that obtained from the only robust published result from near-polar lavas from Antarctica. This new evidence is consistent with the factor-of-2 equator-to-pole paleointensity signature of a geocentric axial dipole field and also indicates that the time-averaged field is considerably weaker than the present-day field. The resulting dipole moment provides a new calibration standard for cosmogenic isotope production rates and suggests that the present decrease in geomagnetic field intensity may simply be a return to a more average magnitude rather than a harbinger of a polarity reversal.
Uterine glucocorticoid receptors are critical for fertility in mice through control of embryo implantation and decidualization
Authors: Whirledge Shannon D. , Oakley Robert H. , Myers Page H. , Lydon John P. , DeMayo Francesco , Cidlowski John A. 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Glucocorticoids are primary stress and immune mediators of several fundamental processes, including reproduction and development. However, the direct actions of glucocorticoid signaling in the uterus are largely unknown. We have discovered that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the mouse uterus is essential for normal fertility. Female mice lacking GR specifically in the uterus are subfertile due to defects in implantation related to inadequate remodeling of the endometrial stroma. Moreover, the deficiency in uterine glucocorticoid signaling leads to aberrant gene regulation during tissue remodeling events. Our findings demonstrate previously unrecognized functions of GR in both uterine physiology and fertility.
Inhibition of host cell translation elongation by
Legionella pneumophila
blocks the host cell unfolded protein response
Authors: Hempstead Andrew D. , Isberg Ralph R. 
Published: November 2015

Significance
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular mechanism for coping with misfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). UPR pathways are also induced in response to viral and bacterial pathogens, resulting in enhanced proinflammatory cytokine induction. Here we provide mechanistic evidence for how an intracellular pathogen is able to inhibit the IRE1 branch of the UPR by blocking host translation elongation. Given that a broad spectrum of pathogens block protein synthesis specifically at elongation rather than at other steps of translation, this may point to a common mechanism for blocking the UPR and thereby preventing enhanced proinflammatory cytokine signaling.
Microbes are trophic analogs of animals
Authors: Steffan Shawn A. , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Currie Cameron R. , Horn Heidi , Gaines-Day Hannah R. , Pauli Jonathan N. , Zalapa Juan E. , Ohkouchi Naohiko 
Published: November 2015

Significance
We report evidence that microbes are trophically equivalent to animals. When bacteria or fungi are fed the same diets as animals, the microbes register the same trophic position as animals. This discovery reframes how microbes can be viewed within food chains and facilitates the inclusion of the microbiome in functional diversity studies. To demonstrate the broad applicability of our approach, we investigated the ancient symbioses represented by leaf-cutter ant fungus gardens, revealing four discrete trophic levels within this community and providing evidence that fungi, not ants, are the dominant herbivores of the Neotropics. Altogether, we show that microbes can be integrated with plants and animals in a food chain, thereby unifying the macro- and microbiome in studies of trophic ecology.
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 is a novel target to promote axonal regeneration
Authors: Brochier Camille , Jones James I. , Willis Dianna E. , Langley Brett 
Published: November 2015

SignificanceDamage to axons in the central nervous system typically results in permanent functional deficits; however, the regenerative capacity of injured neurons can be improved by blocking signals from damaged myelin and activated astrocytes, which act as molecular and physical barriers to regeneration. Here, we identify poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) as a previously unidentified and critical mediator of axon growth inhibition. We show that exposure of neurons to diverse growth-inhibiting molecules activates PARP1, resulting in the accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) in the cell body and axon and limited axonal growth. Accordingly, the pharmacological inhibition or genetic loss of PARP1 markedly facilitates axon regeneration. Together, our findings provide critical insights into mechanisms of axon growth and identify PARP1 as a potent target to reverse neurological disability.
Associative learning rapidly establishes neuronal representations of upcoming behavioral choices in crows
Authors: Veit Lena , Pidpruzhnykova Galyna , Nieder Andreas 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Corvid songbirds show remarkable cognitive abilities. The executive brain area nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) is thought to mediate flexible behavior and cognition in birds, similar to the independently evolved prefrontal cortex in mammals. Here, we show that NCL neurons in crows change their responses during associative learning tasks to signal which stimuli belong together. NCL activity mapped distinct visual stimuli to a common associated response by grouping them according to their meaning. During association learning, such goal-oriented prospective representations are rapidly established within minutes of encountering previously unknown stimuli. By enabling a common, behaviorally meaningful code for both novel and highly familiar stimuli based on their required responses, NCL neuronal activity is ideally suited for executive control of flexible, goal-driven behavior.
Low-cost solution to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of intermittent wind, water, and solar for all purposes
Authors: Jacobson Mark Z. , Delucchi Mark A. , Cameron Mary A. , Frew Bethany A. 
Published: November 2015

Significance
The large-scale conversion to 100% wind, water, and solar (WWS) power for all purposes (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, and industry) is currently inhibited by a fear of grid instability and high cost due to the variability and uncertainty of wind and solar. This paper couples numerical simulation of time- and space-dependent weather with simulation of time-dependent power demand, storage, and demand response to provide low-cost solutions to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of WWS across all energy sectors in the continental United States between 2050 and 2055. Solutions are obtained without higher-cost stationary battery storage by prioritizing storage of heat in soil and water; cold in water and ice; and electricity in phase-change materials, pumped hydro, hydropower, and hydrogen.
Evidence for extensive horizontal gene transfer from the draft genome of a tardigrade
Authors: Boothby Thomas C. , Tenlen Jennifer R. , Smith Frank W. , Wang Jeremy R. , Patanella Kiera A. , Osborne Nishimura Erin , Tintori Sophia C. , Li Qing , Jones Corbin D. , Yandell Mark , Messina David N. , Glasscock Jarret , Goldstein Bob 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Despite fascinating scientists for over 200 years, little at the molecular level is known about tardigrades, microscopic animals resistant to extreme stresses. We present the genome of a tardigrade. Approximately one-sixth of the genes in the tardigrade genome were found to have been acquired through horizontal transfer, a proportion nearly double the proportion of previous known cases of extreme horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in animals. Foreign genes have impacted the composition of the tardigrade genome: supplementing, expanding, and replacing endogenous gene families, including those families implicated in stress tolerance. Our results extend recent findings that HGT is more prevalent in animals than previously suspected, and they suggest that organisms that survive extreme stresses might be predisposed to acquiring foreign genes.
The modular and integrative functional architecture of the human brain
Authors: Bertolero Maxwell A. , Yeo B. T. Thomas , D’Esposito Mark 
Published: November 2015

SignificanceMany complex networks are composed of “modules” that form an interconnected network. We sought to elucidate the nature of the brain’s modular function by testing the autonomy of the brain’s modules and the potential mechanisms underlying their interactions. By studying the brain as a large-scale complex network and measuring activity across the network during 77 cognitive tasks, we demonstrate that, despite connectivity between modules, each module appears to execute a discrete cognitive function relatively autonomously from the other modules. Moreover, brain regions with diverse connectivity across the modules appear to play a role in enabling modules to interact while remaining mostly autonomous. This generates the counterintuitive idea that regions with diverse connectivity across modules are necessary for modular biological networks.
Neural mechanisms tracking popularity in real-world social networks
Authors: Zerubavel Noam , Bearman Peter S. , Weber Jochen , Ochsner Kevin N. 
Published: November 2015

Significance
In virtually all human groups, differences in popularity induce social status and shape interactions. How do we recognize that certain individuals are popular—highly liked by the group—even when this collective preference differs from our own? Our results suggest that group members’ popularity is tracked by activity in neural valuation systems, which in turn engage social cognition systems that facilitate understanding others’ mental states. Popular participants’ valuation systems demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to differences among other group members’ popularity. These neural data offer insights into how status guides social behavior and reinforces social network structures, and why the affective valuation and social cognition systems are critical for navigating these networks and achieving high status within them.
High economic inequality leads higher-income individuals to be less generous
Authors: Côté Stéphane , House Julian , Willer Robb 
Published: November 2015

SignificanceRecent research finds that higher-income individuals are less generous than lower-income individuals. This work has received widespread academic and media attention, but the formulation is likely oversimplistic because it neglects the role of economic inequality. We test a new, multilevel perspective on the relationship between income and generosity that incorporates economic inequality. In a nationally representative survey study and an experiment, we find that higher-income individuals are only less generous if they reside in a highly unequal area or when inequality is experimentally portrayed as relatively high. Our findings offer a more complete understanding of the association between income and generosity and have implications for contemporary debates about the social impact of unequal resource distributions.
High-resolution crystal structure of a hepatitis B virus replication inhibitor bound to the viral core protein
Authors: Klumpp Klaus , Lam Angela M. , Lukacs Christine , Vogel Robert , Ren Suping , Espiritu Christine , Baydo Ruth , Atkins Kateri , Abendroth Jan , Liao Guochun , Efimov Andrey , Hartman George , Flores Osvaldo A. 
Published: November 2015

Significance
A high-resolution structure was obtained for a drug candidate achieving pharmacological activity by inducing and stabilizing protein–protein interaction, a mechanism difficult to study in structural biology. We found that with poorly diffracting protein crystals, a protein stabilizing compound can improve crystal quality and enable the acquisition of a high-resolution structure. It also becomes apparent from this structure how improvements in pharmacologic potency can be achieved by improving protein–protein interaction stabilization and clear avenues for compound optimization are apparent from the data. The binding site observed in crystallography was biologically validated by mutational analysis, which also provides for the first time, to our knowledge, an understanding of a pathway by which viable, drug resistant virus variants may evolve against this drug class.
Hysteresis, Price Acceptance, and Reference Prices
Authors: Richards Timothy J. , Gómez Miguel I. , Printezis Iryna 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe existence of price thresholds in grocery retailing is well‐documented. Most authors explain the existence of price thresholds using Assimilation‐Contrast Theory, Adaptation Level Theory, or Prospect Theory. However, each of these theories is untenable if consumers are believed to behave rationally. We offer a theoretical explanation grounded in Real Options Theory (ROT) and economic hysteresis. We test the ROT hypothesis against three plausible alternatives using a maximum likelihood friction model that we augment for unobserved heterogeneity. Our findings support the ROT hypothesis, and suggest that the existence of price thresholds in aggregate data are driven by a common recognition of real option values, which do not disappear with the inclusion of consumer heterogeneity.
Alcohol Marketing on Twitter and Instagram: Evidence of Directly Advertising to Youth/Adolescents
Authors: Barry Adam E. , Bates Austin M. , Olusanya Olufunto , Vinal Cystal E. , Martin Emily , Peoples Janiene E. , Jackson Zachary A. , Billinger Shanaisa A. , Yusuf Aishatu , Cauley Daunte A. , Montano Javier R. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Aims
Assess whether alcohol companies restrict youth/adolescent access, interaction, and exposure to their marketing on Twitter and Instagram.

Methods
Employed five fictitious male and female Twitter (n = 10) and Instagram (n = 10) user profiles aged 13, 15, 17, 19 and/or 21. Using cellular smartphones, we determined whether profiles could (a) interact with advertising content—e.g. retweet, view video or picture content, comment, share URL; and/or (b) follow and directly receive advertising material updates from the official Instagram and Twitter pages of 22 alcohol brands for 30 days.

Results
All user profiles could fully access, view, and interact with alcohol industry content posted on Instagram and Twitter. Twitter's age-gate, which restricts access for those under 21, successfully prevented underage profiles from following and subsequently receiving promotional material/updates. The two 21+ profiles collectively received 1836 alcohol-related tweets within 30 days. All Instagram profiles, however, were able to follow all alcohol brand pages and received an average of 362 advertisements within 30 days. The quantity of promotional updates increased throughout the week, reaching their peak on Thursday and Friday. Representatives/controllers of alcohol brand Instagram pages would respond directly to our underage user's comments.

Conclusion
The alcohol industry is in violation of their proposed self-regulation guidelines for digital marketing communications on Instagram. While Twitter's age-gate effectively blocked direct to phone updates, unhindered access to post was possible. Everyday our fictitious profiles, even those as young as 13, were bombarded with alcohol industry messages and promotional material directly to their smartphones.
Quasar clustering in a galaxy and quasar formation model based on ultra high-resolution N-body simulations
Authors: Oogi Taira , Enoki Motohiro , Ishiyama Tomoaki , Kobayashi Masakazu A. R. , Makiya Ryu , Nagashima Masahiro 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We investigate clustering properties of quasars using a new version of our semi-analytic model of galaxy and quasar formation with state-of-the-art cosmological N-body simulations. In this study, we assume that a major merger of galaxies triggers cold gas accretion on to a supermassive black hole and quasar activity. Our model can reproduce the downsizing trend of the evolution of quasars. We find that the median mass of quasar host dark matter haloes increases with cosmic time by an order of magnitude from z = 4 (a few 1011 M⊙) to z = 1 (a few 1012 M⊙), and depends only weakly on the quasar luminosity. Deriving the quasar bias through the quasar–galaxy cross-correlation function in the model, we find that the quasar bias does not depend on the quasar luminosity, similar to observed trends. This result reflects the fact that quasars with a fixed luminosity have various Eddington ratios and thus have various host halo masses that primarily determine the quasar bias. We also show that the quasar bias increases with redshift, which is in qualitative agreement with observations. Our bias value is lower than the observed values at high redshifts, implying that we need some mechanisms that make quasars inactive in low-mass haloes and/or that make them more active in high-mass haloes.
Aviremia 10 Years Postdiscontinuation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated During Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection and Association With Gag-Specific T-Cell Responses
Authors: Kinloch-de Loes Sabine , Dorrell Lucy , Yang Hongbing , Hardy Gareth A. D. , Yerly Sabine , Cellerai Cristina , Vandekerckhove Linos , De Spielgelaere Ward , Malatinkova Eva , Wee Lee Koh Willie , Johnson Margaret A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy during primary human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection may enable long-term drug-free virological control in rare individuals. We describe a female who maintained aviremia and a normal CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio for 10 years after stopping therapy, despite a persistent viral reservoir. Cellular immune responses may have contributed to this outcome.