bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switchable Stereoselectivity in Bromoaminocyclization of Olefins: Using Brønsted Acids of Anionic Chiral Cobalt(III) Complexes
Authors: Jiang Hua‐Jie , Liu Kun , Yu Jie , Zhang Ling , Gong Liu‐Zhu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBrønsted acids of anionic chiral CoIII complexes act as bifunctional phase‐transfer catalysts to shuttle the substrates across the solvent interface and control stereoselectivity. The diastereomeric chiral CoIII‐templated Brønsted acids, with the same chiral ligands, enabled a switch in the enantioselective bromoaminocyclization of olefins to afford the two enantiomers of 2‐substituted pyrrolidines with high enantioselectivities (up to 99:1 e.r.).
A meso–meso β‐β β‐β Triply Linked Subporphyrin Dimer
Authors: Okuda Yasuhiro , Fukui Norihito , Kim Jinseok , Kim Taeyeon , Jiang Hua‐Wei , Copley Graeme , Kitano Masaaki , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA meso–meso β‐β β‐β triply linked subporphyrin dimer 6 was synthesized by stepwise reductive elimination of β‐to‐β doubly PtII‐bridged subporphyrin dimer 9. Dimer 6 was characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements, theoretical calculations, and picosecond time‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that 6 has a bowl‐shaped structure with a positive Gaussian curvature. Despite the curved structure, 6 exhibits a remarkably red‐shifted absorption band at 942 nm and a small electrochemical HOMO–LUMO gap (1.35 eV), indicating an effectively conjugated π‐electronic network.
Short- and medium-term outcomes following primary ileocaecal resection for Crohn's disease in two specialist centres
Authors: de Buck van Overstraeten A , Eshuis E J , Vermeire S , Van Assche G , Ferrante M , D'Haens G R , Ponsioen C Y , Belmans A , Buskens C J , Wolthuis A M , Bemelman W A , D'Hoore A 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Despite improvements in medical therapy, the majority of patients with Crohn's disease still require surgery. The aim of this study was to report safety, and clinical and surgical recurrence rates, including predictors of recurrence, after ileocaecal resection for Crohn's disease.

Methods
This was a cohort analysis of consecutive patients undergoing a first ileocaecal resection for Crohn's disease between 1998 and 2013 at one of two specialist centres. Anastomotic leak rate and associated risk factors were assessed. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to describe long-term clinical and surgical recurrence. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for both endpoints.

Results
In total, 538 patients underwent primary ileocaecal resection (40·0 per cent male; median age at surgery 31 (i.q.r. 24–42) years). Median follow-up was 6 (2–9) years. Fifteen of 507 patients (3·0 per cent) developed an anastomotic leak. An ASA fitness grade of III (odds ratio (OR) 4·34, 95 per cent c.i. 1·12 to 16·77; P = 0·033), preoperative antitumour necrosis factor therapy (OR 3·30, 1·09 to 9·99; P = 0·035) and length of resected bowel specimen (OR 1·06, 1·03 to 1·09; P &lt; 0·001) were significant risk factors for anastomotic leak. Rates of clinical recurrence were 17·6, 45·4 and 55·0 per cent after 1, 5 and 10 years respectively. Corresponding rates of requirement for further surgery were 0·6, 6·5 and 19·1 per cent. Smoking (hazard ratio (HR) 1·67, 95 per cent c.i. 1·14 to 2·43; P = 0·008) and a positive microscopic resection margin (HR 2·16, 1·46 to 3·21; P &lt; 0·001) were independent risk factors for clinical recurrence. Microscopic resection margin positivity was also a risk factor for further surgery (HR 2·99, 1·36 to 6·54; P = 0·006).

Conclusion
Ileocaecal resection achieved durable medium-term remission, but smoking and resection margin positivity were risk factors for recurrence.
Activation of Engineered Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases with the Biarsenical Compound AsCy3‐EDT2
Authors: Chan Wai Cheung , Knowlton Gregory S. , Bishop Anthony C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMethods for activating signaling enzymes hold significant potential for the study of cellular signal transduction. Here we present a strategy for engineering chemically activatable protein tyrosine phosphatases (actPTPs). To generate actPTP1B, we introduced three cysteine point mutations in the enzyme's WPD loop. Biarsenical compounds were screened for the capability to bind actPTP1B's WPD loop and increase its phosphatase activity. We identified AsCy3‐EDT2 as a robust activator that selectively targets actPTP1B in proteomic mixtures and intact cells. Introduction of the corresponding mutations in T‐cell PTP also generates an enzyme (actTCPTP) that is strongly activated by AsCy3‐EDT2. Given the conservation of WPD‐loop structure among the classical PTPs, our results potentially provide the groundwork of a widely generalizable approach for generating actPTPs as tools for elucidating PTP signaling roles as well as connections between dysregulated PTP activity and human disease.
A case report of spontaneous rupture of the quadriceps tendon
Authors: Gao Xiuming , Shao Zhen , Liu Suwei , Xiang Jie 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageSpontaneous quadriceps tendon rupture is a rare occurrence in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), which is less common in adolescents. We first reported a spontaneous unilateral rupture in a young patient with PHPT.
Towards Improved Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Through Faster Target Binding Kinetics
Authors: Menzi Mirjam , Wild Bettina , Pradère Ugo , Malinowska Anna L. , Brunschweiger Andreas , Lightfoot Helen L. , Hall Jonathan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhen used as inhibitors of gene expression in vivo, oligonucleotides require modification of their structures to boost their binding affinity for complementary target RNAs. To date, hundreds of modifications have been designed and tested but few have proven to be useful. Among those investigated are mono‐ and polyamino‐groups. These are positively charged at physiological pH and have been appended to oligonucleotides in an effort to reduce electrostatic repulsion during hybridization to RNAs, but have generally shown relatively minor benefits to binding. We conjugated spermine to uracils in oligonucleotides via a triazole linker so that the polyamine fits in the major groove of a subsequently formed RNA‐duplex. The modifications produced large increases in target‐binding affinity of the oligonucleotides. Using surface plasmon resonance‐based assays, we showed that the increases derived mainly from faster annealing (kon). We propose that the spermine fragments play a similar role to that of natural polyamines during oligonucleotide–target interactions in cells, and may be advantageous for oligonucleotides that operate catalytic mechanisms.
Addressing Chirality in the Structure and Synthesis of [18F]5‐Fluoroaminosuberic Acid ([18F]FASu)
Authors: Yang Hua , Tam Brian , Čolović Milena , Southcott Lily , Merkens Helen , Bénard François , Schaffer Paul 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn increasing number of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers are being developed that are modelled on various amino acids to better understand disease in a manner that is complementary to traditional glycolysis‐targeting [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose. Since chiral centers are ubiquitous in amino acids, generating an optically pure radiolabeled amino acid is important for patient dose, image quality and understanding the physiology behaviour. Past studies on the radiosynthesis of amino acid radiotracers seldom address the impact of reaction conditions on their chirality. The amino acid PET tracer, [18F]5‐fluoroaminosuberic acid ([18F]FASu), has two chiral centers at the 2‐ and 5‐positions and is being developed as a specific tracer for the cystine transporter (system xC−), a biomarker for oxidative stress. Herein we report a method for synthesizing pure 2S,5R/S‐FASu. We have resolved the 5‐position configuration by applying Mosher's method combined with 2D NMR, which has enabled the synthesis of 18FASu with fully known configuration. Our study serves as an example of a systematic method to identify and characterize amino acid tracers with chiral centers.
α,β‐Unsaturated Amides as Dipolarophiles: Catalytic Asymmetric exo‐Selective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition with Nitrones
Authors: Zhang Ming , Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Ming Zhang, Naoya Kumagai, and Masakatsu  Shibasaki at the Institute of Microbial Chemistry (IMC) in Tokyo. The image depicts a hypothetical molecular architecture composed of five‐membered heterocycles. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201702330.
Analysis of the Gas Injection During Bulk Material Conveying Depending on Different Screw Geometries
Authors: Freiberger Tobias , Janoske Uwe 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBei der Verpackung von pulverförmigen Lebensmittel ist für die Haltbarkeit die Sauerstoffkonzentration im verpackten Gebinde wichtig. Um die im Pulver eingeschlossene Restsauerstoffkonzentration zu reduzieren werden große Mengen an Inertgas benötigt. Die Gaseinbringung über unterschiedliche Schneckengeometrien an unterschiedlichen Positionen während der horizontalen Förderung wird auf ihre Wirkung überprüft. Hierfür werden fünf Einbringungsmethoden untersucht und sowohl der Einfluss auf verschiedene Partikelgrößen, als auch die Abhängigkeit des Restsauerstoffs von der Menge des eingebrachten Inertgas bewertet.
Improving Thermal and Flame Retardant Properties of Epoxy Resin with Organic NiFe‐Layered Double Hydroxide‐Carbon Nanotubes Hybrids
Authors: Kong Qinghong , Wu Ting , Tang Yingqi , Xiong Lemin , Liu Hong , Zhang Junhao , Guo Ruihua , Zhang Feng 
Published: July 2017

To improve the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and flame retardancy of layered double hydroxide (LDH) in epoxy resin (EP), organic nickel‐iron layered double hydroxide (ONiFe‐LDH‐CNTs) hybrids were assembled through co‐precipitation. These hybrids were further used as reinforcing filler in EP. EP/ONiFe‐LDH‐CNTs nanocomposites containing 4 wt% of ONiFe‐LDH‐CNTs with different ratios of ONiFe‐LDH and CNTs were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion and program temperature curing. The structure and morphology of the obtained hybrids were characterized by different techniques. The dispersion of nanofillers in the EP matrix was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed a coexistence of exfoliated and intercalated ONiFe‐LDH‐ CNTs in polymer matrix. Strong combination of the above nanofillers with the EP matrix provided an efficient thermal and flame retardant improvement for the nanocomposites. It showed that EP/ONiFe‐LDH‐CNTs nanocomposites exhibited superior flame retardant and thermal properties compared with EP. Such improved thermal properties could be attributed to the better homogeneous dispersion, stronger interfacial interaction, excellent charring performance of ONiFe‐LDH and synergistic effect between ONiFe‐LDH and CNTs.
What Are We Missing? The Detergent Triton X‐100 Added to Avoid Compound Aggregation Can Affect Assay Results in an Unpredictable Manner
Authors: Ehlert Fabian G. R. , Linde Kerstin , Diederich Wibke E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study we show that the detergent Triton X‐100, which is widely used in screening campaigns, significantly decreases the binding affinities of some known specific inhibitors of HIV‐1 protease and the well‐established model protease endothiapepsin in a fluorescence‐based assay. Surprisingly, other structurally related inhibitors remain entirely unaffected. As a consequence, those compounds that were affected would most likely have been misclassified as unspecific binders, although they are actually true positives, and thus could be considered excellent starting points for further hit optimization.
Cytogenetic clonal evolution in myelodysplastic syndromes is associated with inferior prognosis
Authors: Neukirchen Judith , Lauseker Michael , Hildebrandt Barbara , Nolting Ann‐Christin , Kaivers Jennifer , Kobbe Guido , Gattermann Norbert , Haas Rainer , Germing Ulrich 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDThe karyotype of bone marrow cells at the time of diagnosis is a strong prognostic parameter for overall survival as well as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, to the authors' knowledge, few data exist regarding the prognostic impact of cytogenetic clonal evolution during the course of MDS.METHODSThe authors evaluated follow‐up karyotype analyses in 549 patients from the Dusseldorf MDS Registry.RESULTSClonal evolution was detectable in 24% of the entire cohort and in 18% of 294 patients receiving best supportive care. The authors noted a clear adverse effect of clonal evolution on the risk of leukemic transformation (hazard ratio, 2.233; P = .036) and overall survival (hazard ratio, 3.677; P<.001). The authors also analyzed the prognostic influence of subclones detectable at the time of diagnosis. Again, such a finding was associated with a significantly shorter overall survival and a higher 5‐year‐probability of acute myeloid leukemia progression (30% vs 22%).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study support the belief that follow‐up karyotype analyses should be performed, especially in patients with lower‐risk and intermediate‐risk MDS, to identify those patients who are at higher risk of disease progression and therefore might benefit from earlier or more intensive treatment. Cancer 2017;123:4608‐4616. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Robust Cooperative Photo‐oxidation of Sulfides without Sacrificial Reagent under Air Using a Dinuclear RuII–CuII Assembly
Authors: Chao Duobin , Zhao Mengying 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA molecular chromophore–catalyst assembly containing a chromophore ruthenium(II) center (
) and a catalytic copper(II) center (
) has been prepared easily. The assembly was employed for photocatalytic oxidation of sulfides without sacrificial reagent in the presence of dioxygen under blue light irradiation. Unprecedented turnover number (TON) up to 32 000 was achieved. It was elucidated that an electron transferred from excited state of chromophore
to
along with generation of
that was further activated by O2. These results demonstrate a promising strategy for efficient cooperative photocatalytic reactions under air using the chromophore–catalyst assembly.
Design Rules for Oxygen Evolution Catalysis at Porous Iron Oxide Electrodes: A 1000‐Fold Current Density Increase
Authors: Haschke Sandra , Pankin Dmitrii , Petrov Yuri , Bochmann Sebastian , Manshina Alina , Bachmann Julien 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNanotubular iron(III) oxide electrodes are optimized for catalytic efficiency in the water oxidation reaction at neutral pH. The nanostructured electrodes are prepared from anodic alumina templates, which are coated with Fe2O3 by atomic layer deposition. Scanning helium ion microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the morphologies and phases of samples submitted to various treatments. These methods demonstrate the contrasting effects of thermal annealing and electrochemical treatment. The electrochemical performances of the corresponding electrodes under dark conditions are quantified by steady‐state electrolysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A rough and amorphous Fe2O3 with phosphate incorporation is critical for the optimization of the water oxidation reaction. For the ideal pore length of 17 μm, the maximum catalytic turnover is reached with an effective current density of 140 μA cm−2 at an applied overpotential of 0.49 V.
A novel quantitative volumetric spreading index definition and assessment of astrocyte spreading in vitro
Authors: Tiryaki Volkan Müjdat , Ayres Virginia M. , Ahmed Ijaz , Shreiber David I. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA novel quantitative volumetric spreading index (VSI) is defined that depends on the total distance between object voxels and the contact surface plane in three‐dimensional (3D) space. The VSI, which ranges from 0 to 1, is rotationally invariant around the z‐axis. VSI can be used to quantify the degree of individual cell spreading, which is important for analysis of cell interactions with their environment. The VSIs of astrocytes cultured on a nanofibrillar surface and three different comparative planar surfaces have been calculated from confocal laser scanning microscope z‐series images, and the effects of both culture surface and immunoreactivity on the degree of cell spreading were investigated. VSI calculations indicated a statistical correlation between increased reactivity, based on immunolabeling for glial fibrillary acidic protein, and decreased cell spreading. Further results provided a quantitative measure for the increased spreading of quiescent‐like and reactive‐like astrocytes on planar substrates functionalized with poly‐l‐lysine. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Ethanolic coconut husk extract: In vitro antioxidative activity and effect on oxidative stability of shrimp oil emulsion
Authors: Buamard Natchaphol , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: July 2017

Ethanolic coconut husk extract (ECHE) was characterized and its effect on lipid oxidation of shrimp oil‐in‐water emulsion was studied. Condensed tannin was abundant in ECHE (492.2 and 441.9 mg catechin equivalent/g extract as determined by vanillin and BuOH‐HCl assays, respectively). The major free phenolics in ECHE were tannic acid and catechins (205.98 and 103.56 mg/kg dry extract, respectively). Antioxidative activities of ECHE at different levels (50–200 mg/L) tested by all in vitro assays increased as its concentration increased (P < 0.05). 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and metal chelating activity were decreased up to 50% when heated at temperature higher than 90°C for longer than 60 min (P < 0.05). Impact of ECHE (200 and 400 mg/L) on lipid oxidation of shrimp oil‐in‐water emulsion was monitored throughout 12 days of storage at 30°C. Lipid oxidation of emulsion added with ECHE was retarded as evidenced by the lower conjugated diene (CD), thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) value, and ρ‐anisidine value (AnV). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5 n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n‐3) were more retained in the sample added with ECHE (200 mg/L) at the end of storage (P < 0.05). ECHE could therefore be used as a natural antioxidant, particularly in emulsion.Practical application: Coconut husk, the underutilized material from coconut processing, contains condensed tannin and free phenolic compounds with antioxidative activity. Coconut husk extract could therefore increase oxidative stability of lipids in food systems, particularly those rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid such as shrimp oil. Emulsion is generally prone to oxidation due to its large surface area of oil phase exposed to aqueous phase. Thus, coconut husk extract can be used as a natural antioxidant, which could maintain the quality of emulsion as well as other fat‐based foods during the extended storage.Extract from coconut husk was prepared using 60% (v/v) ethanol. The extract rich in tannin and other phenolics showed antioxidative activities as tested by different in vitro assays. The extract could retard lipid oxidation in shrimp oil‐in‐water emulsion during 12 days of storage at 30°C. Thus, ethanolic coconut extract could serve as a natural antioxidant for food applications.
Effects of cooking and fermentation on the chemical composition, functional, and antinutritional properties of kariya (Hildergardia barteri) seeds
Authors: Fawale Olumide S. , Gbadamosi Saka O. , Ige Meshach M. , Kadiri Oseni 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe effects of natural fermentation and cooking on kariya seeds functional properties, chemical composition, and antinutritional properties were evaluated. Result showed a reduction in antinutritional properties and improvement in protein content which were observed to increase with cooking (at 100°C) and fermentation period (24–96 hr). Functional analyses showed an increase in foaming and emulsion properties, while water absorption capacity and swelling power were observed to likewise increase with an increasing temperature between 60°C and 90°C. There was also an improvement in foaming properties with increase in salt (NaCl) concentration, while emulsifying property decreases with an increase in salt (NaCl) concentration. Based on the result of the findings of this study, it can be stated that the cooking and fermentation processes employed in this study can enhance the domestic and industrial utilization of these seeds.
De‐extinction and Barriers to the Application of New Conservation Tools
Authors: Seddon Philip J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDecades of globally coordinated work in conservation have failed to slow the loss of biodiversity. To do better—even if that means nothing more than failing less spectacularly—bolder thinking is necessary. One of the first possible conservation applications of synthetic biology to be debated is the use of genetic tools to resurrect once‐extinct species. Since the currency of conservation is biodiversity and the discipline of conservation biology was formed around the prevention of species extinctions, the prospect of reversing extinctions might have been expected to generate unreserved enthusiasm. But it was not universal acclaim that greeted the coming‐out party for “de‐extinction” that was the TEDx conference and accompanying National Geographic feature in 2013. Why the concern, the skepticism, even the hostility among many conservationists about the idea of restoring lost species? And how does this professional concern relate to public perception and support for conservation? This essay explores the barriers to the acceptance of risky new genomic‐based conservation tools by considering five key areas and associated questions that could be addressed in relation to any new conservation tool. I illustrate these using the specific example of de‐extinction, and in doing so, I consider whether de‐extinction would necessarily be the best first point of engagement between conservation biology and synthetic biology.
Conservation Genetics, Precision Conservation, and De‐extinction
Authors: Desalle Rob , Amato George 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIt has been estimated that three species on the planet now go extinct every hour and that this rate is orders of magnitude higher than the planet has seen in previous catastrophic extinction events. We clearly are in the midst of a sixth extinction, and this one is different from the previous five. Why? This sixth extinction is caused by the activity of a single species—us. If there is any hope of ameliorating this extinction, it will entirely be up to us, as the current stewards of this planet, to change the course. There are many challenges, though, to marshaling this effort. Two primary ones immediately come to mind. The first is that we simply haven't found the right biological tools to address this crisis. The second is that many humans on this planet don't even admit we have a problem. These are two very different problems.The first is primarily technological. Only recently has some of the more advanced biologically focused technology been available to conservation biology and extinction science. Humans are enthralled by cutting‐edge technology for the most part, and for the public, one of the more exciting possibilities in the realm of conservation biology is that some of the more charismatic species that have gone extinct might be resurrected through next‐generation technologies. While our discussion will articulate some weaknesses with the de‐extinction approach to conservation biology, we suggest that the “sexiness” of the technologies used in de‐extinction may simultaneously provide a definition of the techniques viable in conservation biology and afford a teachable moment.