bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and spectral evaluation of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,4-dibenzyloxyphenyl)porphyrin
Authors: Tidwell Cynthia P. , Bharara Prakash , Belmore Kenneth A. , Liang Qiaoli , Dye Gregory W. , Jarrett Kevin , McKinney William , Su Ting Yu , Tidwell Trever 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Porphyrins are of interest in many applications that involve electron transfer and absorption of light, such as solar energy and photodynamic cancer therapy. The newly synthesized 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,4-dibenzyloxyphenyl)porphyrin, TDBOPP, was characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF/TOF high resolution mass spectrometry. Standard 1H NMR and 13C NMR experiments coupled with nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments confirmed the structure of the compound. The expected M+ and [M+H]+ ions are observed in the MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrum. The UV-vis absorption spectrum of TDBOPP shows a Soret band at 424 nm and three Q bands at 519 nm, 556 nm, and 650 nm with molar absorptivity 3.6×105 cm−1
m
−1, 1.6×104 cm−1
m
−1, 1.0×104 cm−1
m
−1 and 5.3×103 cm−1
m
−1, respectively. Excitation at 424 nm gives emission at 650 nm. The quantum yield of the porphyrin is 0.11.
Shared function and moonlighting proteins in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
Authors: Leimkühler Silke 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is a highly conserved pathway in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. The molybdenum atom in Moco-containing enzymes is coordinated to the dithiolene group of a tricyclic pyranopterin monophosphate cofactor. The biosynthesis of Moco can be divided into three conserved steps, with a fourth present only in bacteria and archaea: (1) formation of cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate, (2) formation of molybdopterin (MPT), (3) insertion of molybdenum into MPT to form Mo-MPT, and (4) additional modification of Mo-MPT in bacteria with the attachment of a GMP or CMP nucleotide, forming the dinucleotide variants of Moco. While the proteins involved in the catalytic reaction of each step of Moco biosynthesis are highly conserved among the Phyla, a surprising link to other cellular pathways has been identified by recent discoveries. In particular, the pathways for FeS cluster assembly and thio-modifications of tRNA are connected to Moco biosynthesis by sharing the same protein components. Further, proteins involved in Moco biosynthesis are not only shared with other pathways, but additionally have moonlighting roles. This review gives an overview of Moco biosynthesis in bacteria and humans and highlights the shared function and moonlighting roles of the participating proteins.
Modeling of Continuous Ultrasonication to Improve Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Sorghum Flour: A Comparison between Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Lohani Umesh C. , Muthukumarappan K. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Fermentation followed by continuous ultrasonication was applied to release the bound phenolics in sorghum flour (SF). Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) increased with decrease in fermentation time (FT), flour to water ratio (FWR), flow rate (FR) and ultrasonication intensity (UI). The influence of process variables was investigated by Box–Behnken design and multi-layer perceptron neural network. The optimum conditions for maximum TPC and AA were obtained as 12 h FT, 10 % (w/v) FWR, 20 W/cm2 UI, 4 ml/s FR and 120 s UT. The values observed for TPC and AA at optimum conditions were 90.1 mg GAE/100 g dm and 190.1 µmol TE/100 g dm, respectively, while these values for control SF were observed as 63.9 mg GAE/100 g dm and 133.5 µmol TE/100 g dm. Ultrasonication improved the free phenolic acid content by releasing bound phenolics in SF. The ANN model prediction was more precise compared to the RSM model.
The I and the Others. Articulations of Personality and Communication Structures in the Lyric
Authors: Burdorf Dieter 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe paper discusses articulations of personality and communication structures in the lyric: who is speaking in a poem? What is the status of the person who speaks, or the one who is spoken about? Is it the author himself who is speaking, or is it someone else – an autonomous being, completely different and detached from the subject developed in the text? Who is addressed in and by a poem? It is made clear that conventional concepts of
Lyric Words, not Worlds
Authors: Culler Jonathan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe notion that a lyric poem generates a world seems derived from the analysis of narrative fiction and risks setting the study of lyric poetry on the wrong track. Although lyrics often contain fictional elements – minimally sketched characters and incident – it is best to start from the presumption that they are at bottom not fiction. One can then analyze the tension between what one might call fiction and song, or fictional elements and ritualistic elements, as in Roland Greene’s analysis of lyric sequences. The positing of a fictional world created by a lyric poem and including a fictional speaker or persona risks trivializing lyric poems by relativizing their claims to the situation of a particular individual instead of granting them the authority of poetic form. Even lyrics that do create a fictional speaker often make claims about the world – our world and not a special fictional world – that are authorized by the poet. A superior default model for thinking about lyric, then is the classical concept of lyric as epideictic discourse, closer to oratory than to mimesis. The lyric characteristically strives to be itself an event rather than a representation of an event.
Philosophy and the Lyric
Authors: Lamarque Peter 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe paper surveys and comments on some of the issues that arise about the lyric in philosophical, principally analytical, aesthetics. In brief these are: definition, expression, paraphrase, form-content unity, experience, and truth and profundity. The paper shows in each case why these issues are important from the perspective of analytical philosophy but also why lyric poetry is not always an easy subject matter to accommodate to standard analytical presuppositions. It might be thought that theories of meaning within philosophy of language (be it semantics, speech act theory or truth-conditions) should be applicable to a full range of linguistic usage. But lyric poetry confounds that expectation and yields a context where familiar models of meaning and communication can seem inadequate. Yet analytical philosophers should not simply dismiss poetry as somehow exceptional or aberrant but would gain from looking afresh at basic assumptions to see how their views about language might be broadened and modified.
Form and Content, Again. Four Remarks on Lyric Theory
Authors: Lampart Fabian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe following statement suggests reconsidering recent debates on a theory of lyric in terms of form and content. Four aspects and issues of the ongoing debate are discussed. In a first step, it is necessary to establish the relation between authorial poetics and lyric theory, since it is often characterised by fuzzy boundaries. Secondly, in order to specify the problem of form in lyric theory, it is suggested to have a closer look at the performative in lyric practice. Another important aspect of form is the semantics of lyrical genres. Lyrical genres mark an area in which form and content are intertwined and in which aspects of the form itself become semantic. Finally, the author argues that we should discuss – if possible assisted by a didactics sensitive to literary texts – whether and how theoretical proposals could be transformed into a practice of teaching poetry.
A World of Gestures
Authors: Rabaté Dominique 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe lyric poem does not construct a world in the way fiction invents universes. By eluding the circumstances, and promoting an intense plasticity in its modes of enunciation, the lyric poem rather seeks a congruence between what is said and an emotional state, the communication of an impetus crystallizing in the form of the poem. This impetus can be described as a gesture, or as a set of lyrical gestures. Poems try to capture an energy that comes from the outside world as well as from the inner space. A force is conveyed through a form – since modern poetry has given up rules of versification – that is never completely fit. This lyrical energy is shared by the reader through the re-enunciation of the poem. The lyrical »I« has a certain porosity, a manner of subjective transparence that allows the reader’s subjectivity to lodge there and during the time of recitation. It is thus the dynamics between force and form in modern poetry that this article tries to understand.
Lyric Poetry: Intergeneric, Transnational, Translingual?
Authors: Ramazani Jahan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis essay ventures a dozen postulates: 1) lyric can’t be defined by one or even many formal features that are exclusive to it; 2) lyric can be described as a range of nonexclusive formal strategies encoded in texts and the communities that produce and receive them; 3) thus, if we understand »genre« in a way that fuses poetics with hermeneutics, lyric is a genre; 4) lyric and affiliated subgenres and modes live historically but survive transhistorically, albeit often dramatically refashioned; 5) lyric is neither merely personal nor entirely impersonal, making it readily appropriable; 6) lyric differs from more empirical and mimetic genres by virtue of the density of its verbal and formal mediation of the world; 7) lyric is intergeneric, best understood in its dialogue with its others; 8) lyric is transnational; 9) lyric needs to be studied at both the micro and macro levels – both its language-specific intricacies and textures, and its participation in broader patterns of genre, history, and cultural migration; 10) the strategies of a transnational poetics can be extended across languages; 11) a transnational poetics should be attentive to cross-cultural hybridization, creolization, and vernacularization in lyric; 12) lyric isn’t dead, and it isn’t only an elite form.
Lyric Reading and Empathy
Authors: Rodriguez Antonio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNumerous studies on lyric poetry have considered formalist questions, speakers or historical contexts. The act and the action of reading, however, were less often explored. Thus, the following questions arise: Is there a lyric reading? What are the reader’s motivations? Does the same logic apply to narrative, satirical and didactic poems? How can it be described? This article outlines the many problems which the heterogeneity of poetry is likely to generate. It further intends to examine how the notion of »empathy« could help to actualize this specific way of reading. Based on recent research on intentionality and empathy, this paper makes apparent some of the general principles for a holistic theory of lyric, which enables to link poetics, psychology and anthropology.
Lyric Lost and Found
Authors: Saussy Haun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA tenacious tradition considers the lyric as the manifestation of a subjectivity, whether personal or universal. But folk traditions as well as the twentieth-century avant-gardes offer the counter-example of poetry that arises from the collocation of verbal fragments, of artificial languages, of subjects in name only, and dare to present these as a new-style lyric. Less startling versions of this displacement of the lyric subject occur in such artifacts as the overheard poem. For such poems, the fact of publication replaces the mythic occasion of utterance as the poem’s moment of truth. This foregrounding of the moment of production is a feature linking the so-called primitive, oral, or folk poetry of many cultures to the purportedly post-humanist poetry of the different avant-gardes, and it links them, not through an irony, metaphor or coincidence, but through a model of the function of the artwork that indeed puts the act of signifying temporally and axiologically before the signified meanings
Discordia Concors. Immersion and Artifice in the Lyric
Authors: Zettelmann Eva 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDescriptions of the lyric have been stressing its artificial, self-referential character, constructing it as an intrinsically a-temporal, non-kinetic, non-mimetic and anti-illusionist mode. While the lyric certainly derives much of its effect from its horizontally superimposed patterns of formal equivalence, our pleasure as readers does not solely derive from the physical re-enactment of a poem’s sound patterns or the cognitive appreciation of its formal mastery. Many lyric texts are immersive; they project a fictional universe and prompt readers to emulate a speaker’s strongly perspectivized vision and subjective vantage point. This paper examines the lyric’s world building potential. It investigates the conditioning factors and referential components of lyric illusion, reviewing in particular the genre’s alleged inability to produce narrative sequence, embodiment and experientiality (Fludernik). Conceiving of the lyric speaker as an innovative cognitive blend (Turner/Fauconnier) provides a possible alternative to biographical constructions of the lyric self. Possible worlds theory (Ryan) is used as a way to approach the genre’s marked tendency towards cognitive mapping and conceptual innovation, towards foregrounding the human endeavour of mentally grasping and representing the world.
Lyric and Its ›Worlds‹
Authors: Zymner Rüdiger 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe article gives a metatheoretical definition of ›lyric‹. The definition pinpoints that lyric is either scriptural and visual or vocal and something that you can hear; it can be fictional or non-fictional, and it belongs to the social system, which modern ›westerners‹ call ›literature‹, but it can also be part of cultural practices, which are outside of any social system of ›literature‹. One can differentiate analytically with regard to the graphic type as well as to the vocal type of ›lyric‹ between the ›material How‹ and the ›semantical What‹. The ›How‹-side and the ›What‹-side provide each and together special signals for the hearer or for the seer or reader, which attract and bind his or her attention and which inform the hearer or the seer and the reader basically that language itself (which is understood as a cognitive system or tool) is something with which you can develop or create meaning; in doing this the signals of lyric constitute aesthetic evidence (the reader, seer or hearer will be ›convinced‹ or ›made sure‹ or emotionally satisfied in a way by the aesthetic qualities of the lyric: non-propositional, as if looking through the ›veils of poetry‹. In the next step the article discusses some types of lyrical ›worlds‹ and lyrical ›world-making‹ with regard to this definition. Finally, the article presents a couple of theses.
A novel DAX-1 mutation in two male siblings presenting with precocious puberty and late-onset hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Liu Yanxia , Yuan Jinlei , Zhang Huijuan , Jiang Yanyan , Qin Guijun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundTheMethodsClinical features were analyzed and laboratory data were collected from both siblings. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood leukocytes of the siblings and their parents and theResultsAHC was diagnosed based on a comprehensive review of the clinical presentation and laboratory tests. Gene analysis revealed a nonsense mutation inConclusionsOur report provides evidence that defined point mutations in the
Progress in neuromorphic photonics
Authors: Ferreira de Lima Thomas , Shastri Bhavin J. , Tait Alexander N. , Nahmias Mitchell A. , Prucnal Paul R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAs society’s appetite for information continues to grow, so does our need to process this information with increasing speed and versatility. Many believe that the one-size-fits-all solution of digital electronics is becoming a limiting factor in certain areas such as data links, cognitive radio, and ultrafast control. Analog photonic devices have found relatively simple signal processing niches where electronics can no longer provide sufficient speed and reconfigurability. Recently, the landscape for commercially manufacturable photonic chips has been changing rapidly and now promises to achieve economies of scale previously enjoyed solely by microelectronics. By bridging the mathematical prowess of artificial neural networks to the underlying physics of optoelectronic devices, neuromorphic photonics could breach new domains of information processing demanding significant complexity, low cost, and unmatched speed. In this article, we review the progress in neuromorphic photonics, focusing on photonic integrated devices. The challenges and design rules for optoelectronic instantiation of artificial neurons are presented. The proposed photonic architecture revolves around the processing network node composed of two parts: a nonlinear element and a network interface. We then survey excitable lasers in the recent literature as candidates for the nonlinear node and microring-resonator weight banks as the network interface. Finally, we compare metrics between neuromorphic electronics and neuromorphic photonics and discuss potential applications.
Electromagnetically induced transparency in optical microcavities
Authors: Liu Yong-Chun , Li Bei-Bei , Xiao Yun-Feng 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a quantum interference effect arising from different transition pathways of optical fields. Within the transparency window, both absorption and dispersion properties strongly change, which results in extensive applications such as slow light and optical storage. Due to the ultrahigh quality factors, massive production on a chip and convenient all-optical control, optical microcavities provide an ideal platform for realizing EIT. Here we review the principle and recent development of EIT in optical microcavities. We focus on the following three situations. First, for a coupled-cavity system, all-optical EIT appears when the optical modes in different cavities couple to each other. Second, in a single microcavity, all-optical EIT is created when interference happens between two optical modes. Moreover, the mechanical oscillation of the microcavity leads to optomechanically induced transparency. Then the applications of EIT effect in microcavity systems are discussed, including light delay and storage, sensing, and field enhancement. A summary is then given in the final part of the paper.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-5-(oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene)-3-carbonitrile – ethanol (1/1), C21H26N2O6
Authors: Li Jing , Qiu Ya-Wen 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
C21H26N2O6, triclinic P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.1553(5) Å, b = 9.0739(9) Å, c = 14.6857(14) Å, α = 100.648(8)°, β = 102.355(7)°, γ = 90.450(6)°, V = 1042.03(16) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0538, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1533, T = 293(2) K.
Structural modifications of metallic glasses followed by techniques of nuclear resonances
Authors: Miglierini Marcel , Matúš Peter 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Iron-based metallic glasses (MGs) are typical representatives of disordered alloys. They exhibit amorphous structure that is lacking any long-range order. Appropriate chemical composition of MGs ensures soft magnetic properties suitable for variety of practical applications. Because the beneficial magnetic properties are closely related to structural features of MGs it is inevitable to understand the ways how and under which conditions is their original structure modified. Notably elevated temperature can induce formation of crystallites that alter the desired magnetic parameters. Here, we demonstrate the use of 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry and nuclear forward scattering of synchrotron radiation for the study of structural transformations in (Fe2.85Co1)77Mo8Cu1B14 MG which was chosen as an example. These techniques are based upon nuclear resonances that can scan evolution of hyperfine interactions acting upon nuclear levels of a stable 57Fe isotope. Because iron is typical constituent element of MGs, any deviations from original structural arrangement including modifications of the chemical surrounding can be studied.
Fabrication of short glass fiber reinforced phenol-formaldehyde-lignin and polyurethane-based composite foam: mechanical, friability, and shape memory studies
Authors: Kausar Ayesha 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this research effort, phenol-formaldehyde-lignin (PFL) resin was prepared using phenol, formaldehyde, and lignin via a simple approach. The PFL-polyurethane (PFL-PU) was prepared using PU prepolymer and PFL resin. The blend components were then foamed via addition of Tween 80 surfactant and n-pentane as the blowing agent. Short glass fiber was reinforced in the blend sample to attain high performance composite foams. The composite foams were characterized for structure, morphology, stress-strain behavior, friability tests, and shape memory characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy showed a layered, porous, and distorted hexagonal shaped foam structure. The cell size ranges from 10 to 20 μm for PFL-PU-short glass fiber (SGF) Foam with 10–20 wt.% fiber loading. PFL-PU Foam had compression strength and strain of 48.3 MPa and 48.2%. The PFL-PU-SGF 1–20 Foam showed increase in strength from 55.1 to 101.7 MPa and decrease in strain from 57.8% to 35.8% due to filler addition. At temperature above Tg (130°C), the strain was increased up to 45.11%. The shape fixity was improved up to the addition of 10 wt.% filler where the value of 92.1% was achieved with shape recovery of 95%.
A new ex vivo model for optimizing distribution of therapeutic aerosols: the (inverted) bovine urinary bladder
Authors: Schnelle Daniel , Weinreich Frank-Jürgen , Kibat Janek , Reymond Marc A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundDevelopment of Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) requires adequate preclinical models.MethodsThe model should be easy to use, reproducible and cost-effective. It should have a volume similar to the human abdominal cavity, and an oval shape. The inner surface should be lined with serosa. The model should allow pharmacological and biological analysis, including histology. No living animals should be used.ResultsThe fresh urinary bladder is explanted from an adult bovine in the slaughterhouse. A 4-cm incision is performed into the bladder neck. The bladder can be inverted through the incision, which allows exposition of the serosa on its inner side. A balloon trocar is inserted through the incision and a ligature placed, ensuring full tightness. The therapeutic capnoperitoneum is installed. The bovine bladder has a volume somewhat smaller (2–3 L) than the human abdominal cavity (3–5 L). Costs are minimal. There is no significant bacteriological contamination. Manipulation is simple.ConclusionsThe (inverted) bovine urinary bladder is an innovative and versatileex vivomodel for optimizing drug delivery with therapeutic aerosols both onto the mucosa or the serosa. This model can be used for pharmaceutical Quality-by-Design approaches and will replace a large number of experiments in the animal.