bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 3Rs of Cell Therapy
Authors: Caplan Arnold I. , Mason Chris , Reeve Brock 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The 3Rs for a good education are “reading, 'riting, and 'rithmetic.” The basis for good health care solutions for the emergent field of cell therapy in the future will also involve 3Rs: regulation, reimbursement, and realization of value. The business models in this new field of cell therapy will involve these 3Rs. This article brings forth realities facing this new industry for its approaches to provide curative health care solutions.
Comparison of methods: Attributing the 2014 record European temperatures to human influences
Authors: Uhe P. , Otto F. E. L. , Haustein K. , van Oldenborgh G. J. , King A. D. , Wallom D. C. H. , Allen M. R. , Cullen H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe year 2014 broke the record for the warmest yearly average temperature in Europe. Attributing how much this was due to anthropogenic climate change and how much it was due to natural variability is a challenging question but one that is important to address. In this study, we compare four event attribution methods. We look at the risk ratio (RR) associated with anthropogenic climate change for this event, over the whole European region, as well as its spatial distribution. Each method shows a very strong anthropogenic influence on the event over Europe. However, the magnitude of the RR strongly depends on the definition of the event and the method used. Across Europe, attribution over larger regions tended to give greater RR values. This highlights a major source of sensitivity in attribution statements and the need to define the event to analyze on a case‐by‐case basis.
A probabilistic study of the return of stratospheric ozone to 1960 levels
Authors: Södergren A. Helena , Bodeker Gregory E. , Kremser Stefanie , Meinshausen Malte , McDonald Adrian J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAnthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and ozone‐depleting substances are expected to continue to affect concentrations of ozone in the stratosphere through the 21st century. While a range of estimates for when stratospheric ozone is expected to return to unperturbed levels is available in the literature, quantification of the spread in results is sparse. Here we present the first probabilistic study of latitudinally resolved years of return of stratospheric ozone to 1960 levels. Results from our 180‐member ensemble, simulated with a newly developed simple climate model, suggest that the spread in return years of ozone is largest around 40°N/S and in the southern high latitudes and decreases with increasing greenhouse gas emissions. The spread in projections of ozone is larger for higher greenhouse gas scenarios and is larger in the polar regions than in the midlatitudes, while the spread in ozone radiative forcing is smallest in the polar regions.
J(Si,H)‐Kopplungskonstanten in nicht‐klassischen Übergangsmetallsilankomplexen
Authors: Scherer Wolfgang , Meixner Petra , Batke Kilian , Barquera‐Lozada José E. , Ruhland Klaus , Fischer Andreas , Eickerling Georg , Eichele Klaus 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWir werden herausarbeiten, dass das Vorzeichen und der Betrag der J(Si,H)‐Kopplungskonstante hochsensible Kriterien zur Bestimmung des Fortschritts der Si‐H‐Bindungsaktivierung in nicht‐klassischen Silankomplexen darstellen. Bisher war die Analyse dieser wichtigen Struktur/Eigenschafts‐Beziehung durch fehlerhafte J(Si,H)‐Vorzeichen in der Literatur erschwert. Die hier vorgestellten neuen Erkenntnisse helfen dabei, ausgewählte Kontrollparameter der Si‐H‐Bindungsaktivierung auch in nicht‐klassischen Silankomplexen zu identifizieren.
Transparency and water vapor barrier properties of polybenzoxazine‐silica nanocomposites provided with perhydropolysilazane
Authors: Lee Joo Yeon , Saito Reiko 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTPoly[6,6′‐(1‐methylethylidene)bis(3,4‐dihydro‐3‐2H‐1,3‐hexylbenzoxazine)] (PB‐hda)‐silica nanocomposites were synthesized with perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) and PB‐hda by ring opening polymerization in one step. Both high transparency and good water vapor barrier property (WVP) are required to be improved in the field of packing and electronic materials, such as OLED, solar cell, and electronic paper. PB‐hda has shown high toughness and high thermal stability. However, it became dark brown and showed a reduction of WVP with increasing curing temperature, which make it difficult to be applied to packing and electronic materials. In this study, we aim to improve transparency and WVP by addition of PHPS into PB‐hda matrix. It was found that nanocomposites showed the improvement of WVP and transparency owing to SiOC linkages between PB‐hda and PHPS. In particular, a nanocomposite with 1 wt % of silica showed the most significant improvement in terms of transparency and the WVP. These properties were found to be influenced by the thickness of the combined polymer‐silica layers that formed around the silica particles; these layers were thickest in the 1 wt % sample. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44238.
Electrospun‐Technology‐Derived High‐Performance Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Xu Mengjiao , Wang Minxuan , Xu Hao , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractElectrospinning, as a novel nontextile filament technology, is an important method to prepare continuous nanofibers and has shown its remarkable advantages, such as a broadly applicable material system, controllable fiber size and structure, and simple process. Electrospun nanofiber membranes prepared by electrospinning have shown promising applications in many fields, such as supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, and sodium‐ion batteries, owing to their large specific surface area and adjustable network pore structure. The principle of electrospinning and key points relevant to its usage in the preparation of high‐performance electrochemical energy storage materials are reviewed herein based on recent publications, particularly focusing on research progress of relative materials. Also, this review describes a distinctive conclusion and perspective on the future challenges and opportunities in electrospun nanomaterials.
Comparison of luminescence property of gamma‐ray irradiated Tb3+‐doped and Ce3+ co‐doped potassium halide single crystals
Authors: Bangaru S. , Ravi D. , Saradha K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSingle crystals of KCl and KBr singly and doubly doped with Tb3+ and Ce3+, respectively, were successfully grown using the Bridgeman technique. This work reports the comparative luminescence behavior and optical absorption characterization of non‐irradiated and γ‐ray‐irradiated single crystals of these materials. The existing defect and the defect created by γ‐ray irradiation were monitored by optical absorption spectra. The excitation and emission spectra of these materials were measured at room temperature with a spectrofluorometer and the pertaining results were compared. The F‐band comparison was made when bleached with F‐light for 2 mins. The trap‐level changes in KCl and KBr when it is singly and doubly doped enabled us to draw conclusions on the nature of the defect and on the recombination processes involved.
An expedient reverse‐phase high‐performance chromatography (RP‐HPLC) based method for high‐throughput analysis of deferoxamine and ferrioxamine in urine
Authors: Arshad Bushra , Iqbal Tahira , Akram Sumia , Mushtaq Muhammad 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe present study was planned to optimize and validate an expedient reverse‐phase high chromatography (RP‐HPLC) based protocol for the analysis of deferoxamine (DFO) and ferrioxamine (FO) in urinary execration of patients suffering β‐thalassemia major. The optimized RP‐HPLC method was found to be linear over the wide range of DFO and FO concentration (1–90 μg/mL) with appreciable recovery rates (79.64–97.30%) of quality controls at improved detection and quantitation limits and acceptable inter and intraday variability. Real‐time analysis of DFO and FO in the urine of thalassemic patients (male and female) at different intervals of Desferal®(Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation) injection revealed DFO and FO excretion at significantly (p < 0) different rates. The maximum concentrations of DFO (76.7 ± 3.06 μg/mL) and FO (74.2 ± 3.25 μg/mL) were found in urine samples, collected after 6 h of drug infusion while the minimum levels of DFO (1.10 ± 0.12 μg/mL) and FO (2.97 ± 0.13 μg/mL) were excreted by patients after 24 h. The present paper offers balanced conditions for an expedient, reliable and quick determination of DFO and FO in urine samples.
Co‐segregation of a homozygous SMN1 deletion and a heterozygous PMP22 duplication in a patient
Authors: Fernández Raquel M. , Peciña Ana , Muñoz‐Cabello Beatriz , Antiñolo Guillermo , Borrego Salud 
Published: August 2016

Key Clinical MessageDespite co‐segregation of two different genetic neurological disorders within a family is rare, clinicians should take into consideration this possibility in patients presenting with unusual complex phenotypes or with unexpected electrophysiological findings. Here, we report a Spanish 11‐month‐old patient with spinal muscular atrophy type 2 and Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth 1A.
Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Photophysical Studies of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridine Complexes with D–π–A–π–D Type Ligands and Their Application Studies as Organic Memories
Authors: Leung Ming‐Yi , Leung Sammual Yu‐Lut , Wu Di , Yu Tao , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA new class of ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes with a series of D–π–A–π–D type (D=donor, A=acceptor) ligands was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the complexes were also investigated. The newly synthesized ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes were found to exhibit two intense absorption bands at both high‐energy (λ=333–369 nm) and low‐energy (λ=520–535 nm) regions. They are assigned as intraligand (IL) π→π* transitions of the bipyridine (bpy) and π‐conjugated bpy ligands, and IL charge‐transfer (CT) transitions from the donor to the acceptor moiety with mixing of dπ(RuII)→π*(bpy) and dπ(RuII)→π*(L) MLCT characters, respectively. In addition, all complexes were demonstrated to exhibit intense red emissions at approximately λ=727–744 nm in degassed dichloromethane at 298 K or in n‐butyronitrile glass at 77 K. Nanosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy has also been carried out, establishing the presence of the charge‐separated state. In order to understand the electrochemical properties of the complexes, cyclic voltammetry has also been performed. Two quasi‐reversible oxidation couples and three quasi‐reversible reduction couples were observed. One of the ruthenium(II) complexes has been utilized in the fabrication of memory devices, in which an ON/OFF current ratio of over 104 was obtained.
Metal‐Free Activation of a C(sp)−H Bond of Aryl Acetylenes
Authors: Rout Laxmidhar , Parida Bibhuti Bhusan , Florent Jean‐Claude , Johannes Ludger , Choudhury Santosh Kumar , Phaomei Ganngam , Scanlon Joe , Bertounesque Emmanuel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractC(sp)−H Bond activation of acetylene molecule still remains a challenge for synthetic organic chemists. In practice, acetylenes are activated by strong bases and metals. The first example for activating acetylenic protons under base and metal‐free conditions is reported here. It involves a general method for synthesizing propargylic derivatives of cotarnine. An array of tetrahydroisoquinolines alkaloids was synthesized by C(sp)−H bond activation of aromatic acetylenes with cotarnine at room temperature. A DFT‐based mechanism is proposed for the reaction.
Synthesis, performance, and mechanism of magnesium‐iron‐aluminum trimetal composite as an adsorbent for fluoride removal in water treatment
Authors: Zhao Wei , Chen Yuantao , Zhang Wei , Wang Jian , Hu Chunlian , He Wenfang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this study the Mg‐Fe‐Al trimetal composite was successfully synthesized by an easy co‐precipitation method and used as the adsorbent for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. Synthetic conditions such as Mg/Fe/Al molar ratio and calcination temperature were studied to optimize the adsorbent. The adsorbents were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Batch adsorption studies were conducted under various conditions, such as different fluoride concentration, contact time, temperature, initial solution pH, and coexisting anions. Results indicated that the adsorbent obtained the maximum adsorption capacity of 92.85 mg/g for fluoride with a Mg/Fe/Al molar ratio of 30:1:4, calcined at 500 °C, at near‐neutral pH and room temperature (25 °C). The adsorption data were fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo‐first order kinetic model. The adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic interaction on the surface, ion exchange interaction, and reconstruction of original layered structure by rehydration of mixed metal oxides. All results indicated that the Mg‐Fe‐Al trimetal composite can be a very promising material, has potential application in the removal of fluoride in water treatment, and has positive effects on human health.
Use of systemic therapy with definitive radiotherapy for elderly patients with head and neck cancer: A National Cancer Data Base analysis
Authors: Ward Matthew C. , Reddy Chandana A. , Adelstein David J. , Koyfman Shlomo A. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to investigate the use of systemic therapy along with definitive radiotherapy for elderly patients with head and neck cancer.METHODSPatients who were 71 years old or older with stage III to IVB squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, or hypopharynx treated with definitive radiotherapy with or without systemic therapy were identified from the National Cancer Data Base. Patterns of systemic therapy use before or during definitive radiotherapy were investigated. The association between systemic therapy use and overall survival was investigated with a multivariate, inverse probability–weighted propensity score–adjusted Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTSElderly patients treated between 2004 and 2012 (n = 4165) were identified, and 80.4% received systemic therapy. The median follow‐up was 26 months (range, 1.8‐125 months), and the 3‐year overall survival rate was 51.6% (95% confidence interval, 50.0%‐53.2%). During the study period, there was an increase in the frequency of systemic therapy use from 64% in 2004 to 86% in 2012. The use of systemic therapy was associated with improved overall survival in the multivariate model (hazard ratio, 1.456; 95% confidence interval, 1.308‐1.620; P < .0001). A threshold age above which the use of systemic therapy was not associated with improved overall survival in select patients was not identified.CONCLUSIONSIn contrast to the available prospective evidence, the majority of elderly patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy also receive systemic therapy. The use of systemic therapy is associated with improved overall survival and should be a patient‐specific decision in all age groups. Cancer 2016;122:3472–3483. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Quantitative analyses of cellularity and proliferative activity reveals the dynamics of the central canal lining during postnatal development of the rat
Authors: Alexovič Matiašová Anna , Ševc Juraj , Tomori Zoltán , Gombalová Zuzana , Gedrová Štefánia , Daxnerová Zuzana 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAccording to previous opinion, the derivation of neurons and glia from the central canal (CC) lining of the spinal cord in rodents should occur in the embryonic period. Reports of the mitotic activity observed in the lining during postnatal development have often been contradictory, and proliferation was ascribed to the generation of ependymocytes, which are necessary for the elongation of CC walls. Our study quantifies the intensity of proliferation and determines the cellularity of the CC lining in reference to lumbar spinal segment L4 during the postnatal development of rats. The presence of dividing cells peaks in the CC lining on postnatal day 8 (P8), with division occurring in 19.2% ± 3.2% of cells. In adult rats, 3.6% ± 0.9% of cells still proliferate, whereas, in mice, 10.3% ± 2.3% of cells at P8 and only 0.6% ± 0.2% of cells in the CC lining in adulthood are proliferating. In the rat, the length of the cell cycle increases from 100.3 ± 35.7 hours at P1 to 401.4 ± 80.6 hours at P43, with a sudden extension between P15 and P22. Despite the intensive proliferation, the total cellularity of the CC lining at the L4 spinal segment significantly descended in from P8 to P15. According to our calculations, the estimated cellularity was significantly higher compared with the measured cellularity of the CC lining at P15. Our results indicate that CC lining serves as a source of cells beyond ependymal cells during the first postnatal weeks of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:693–707, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Chemical Charging/Discharging on Plasmonic Behavior of Silver Metal Nanoparticles Prepared using Citrate‐Stabilized Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots
Authors: Ingole Pravin P. , Bhat Mohsin A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe thermodynamics and kinetics of the chemical and electrochemical charging of a catalyst surface are very important to understand its applicability as a catalyst material, particularly in redox catalysis. Through the present study, we hereby communicate the results obtained from our detailed investigations related to the effect of chemical charging on the plasmonic behavior of silver metal nanoparticles (Ag MNPs) as redox catalysts. Two different batches of Ag MNPs were prepared through thermally assisted chemical reduction of silver ions. The difference in these batches was the use or not of citrate‐capped cadmium selenide quantum dots (Q‐CdSe) for the reduction of solution‐phase silver ions to their colloidal plasmonic phase. The charge on the surfaces of the Ag MNPs was varied by the chemical electron injection method by using BH4− ions from a NaBH4 solution. The processes of charging and discharging were monitored by using UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The impact of the concentration of the reductant on the charging and discharging processes was also investigated. The Ag MNPs were also tested for their voltammetric response, wherein it was observed that it was more difficult to oxidize the Ag MNPs prepared with Q‐CdSe seeds than to oxidize Ag MNPs prepared without Q‐CdSe particles. Our results demonstrate that Q‐CdSe seeds not only enhance the redox catalytic activity of Ag MNPs but also provide stability towards polarization of their plasmonic behavior.
Development of pH‐Responsive BODIPY Probes for Staining Late Endosome in Live Cells
Authors: Miao Fang , Uchinomiya Shohei , Ni Yong , Chang Young‐Tae , Wu Jishan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractReported is a new fluorescent probe based on boron–dipyrromethene dye (BODIPY) for late endosome staining in live cells. Among the 14 pH‐responsive BODIPY‐based far‐red/near‐infrared dyes used, it was found that a (4‐methyl‐1‐piperazinyl)phenyl‐substituted BODIPY could stain late endosomes in three different cell lines. This BODIPY dye was applicable for measurement of the fusion time of late endosomes and lysosomes, thereby demonstrating the utility of this dye for functional analyses of late endosomes in live cells.
Enhanced Solar Hydrogen Generation by a Heterojunction of Perovskite‐type La2Ti2O7 Nanosheets Doped with CdS Quantum Dots
Authors: Hu Sujuan , Zhu Mingshan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA heterojunction of a perovskite‐type La2Ti2O7 (LTO)/CdS quantum dot (QD) nanocomposite was prepared by the chemical bath deposition method. The solar‐light‐driven H2 generation results show that this CdS QDs/LTO heterojunction exhibits great improvement in the photocatalytic H2 production and its photoelectrochemical properties in comparison with pure CdS QDs and LTO nanosheets. A possible enhanced mechanism of photoinduced interfacial charge transfer between CdS and LTO is proposed for the heterojunction. The shift of the CdS conduction band (CB) edge can enlarge the CB potential difference between CdS QDs and LTO, enhancing transferred driven force of the interfacial electrons and finally improving the two components’ separation activity of photogenerated carriers. This study provides a promising method for constructing an efficient photoinduced interfacial charge transfer over LTO and CdS QD heterojunctions for photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Oral exposure to commercially available coal tar‐based pavement sealcoat induces murine genetic damage and mutations
Authors: Long Alexandra S. , Watson Margaret , Arlt Volker M. , White Paul A. 
Published: August 2016

Coal tar (CT) is a thick black liquid produced as a by‐product of coal carbonization to produce coke or manufactured gas. It is comprised a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic compounds, including a wide range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), many of which are genotoxic and carcinogenic. CT is used in some pavement sealants (also known as sealcoat), which are applied to pavement in order to seal and beautify the surface. Human exposure is known to occur not only during application, but also as a result of the weathering process, as elevated levels of PAHs have been found in settled house dust in residences adjacent to CT‐sealed surfaces. In this study we examined the genotoxicity of an extract of a commercially available CT‐based sealcoat in the transgenic Muta™Mouse model. Mice were orally exposed to 3 doses of sealcoat extract daily for 28 days. We evaluated genotoxicity by examining: (1) stable DNA adducts and (2) lacZ mutations in bone marrow, liver, lung, small intestine, and glandular stomach, as well as (3) micronucleated red blood cells. Significant increases were seen for each endpoint and in all tissues. The potency of the response differed across tissues, with the highest frequency of adducts occurring in liver and lung, and the highest frequency of mutations occurring in small intestine. The results of this study are the first demonstration of mammalian genotoxicity following exposure to CT‐containing pavement sealcoat. This work provides in vivo evidence to support the contention that there may be adverse health effects in mammals, and potentially in humans, from exposure to coal tar. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:535–545, 2016. © 2016 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada
First‐Principles Molecular Dynamics Study of Carbon Corrosion in PEFC Catalyst Materials
Authors: Holby E. F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCarbon corrosion plays an important role in ORR catalyst durability for both Pt‐based catalysts as well as Pt group metal‐free (PGM‐free) catalysts. This corrosion process is attributed to CO2 generation during one of several probable, kinetically controlled electrochemical reactions. Previous relative stability studies considered only thermodynamic formation energy and thus do not include the kinetic nature of the carbon corrosion mechanism. In this manuscript, a model for electron beam damage utilizing first‐principles molecular dynamics is applied to the understanding of how defects and surface species may affect the durability and corrosion susceptibility of graphene support structures at the atomic scale. Based on the outcomes of these studies, the calculated knock‐on displacement threshold energy is hypothesized to be a computationally accessible durability descriptor sensitive to kinetics of C removal and local atomic structure.