bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial coding and physiological properties of hippocampal neurons in the Cornu Ammonis subregions
Authors: Oliva Azahara , Fernández‐Ruiz Antonio , Buzsáki György , Berényi Antal 
Published: September 2016

ABSTTACTIt is well‐established that the feed‐forward connected main hippocampal areas, CA3, CA2, and CA1 work cooperatively during spatial navigation and memory. These areas are similar in terms of the prevalent types of neurons; however, they display different spatial coding and oscillatory dynamics. Understanding the temporal dynamics of these operations requires simultaneous recordings from these regions. However, simultaneous recordings from multiple regions and subregions in behaving animals have become possible only recently. We performed large‐scale silicon probe recordings simultaneously spanning across all layers of CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions in rats during spatial navigation and sleep and compared their behavior‐dependent spiking, oscillatory dynamics and functional connectivity. The accuracy of place cell spatial coding increased progressively from distal to proximal CA1, suddenly dropped in CA2, and increased again from CA3a toward CA3c. These variations can be attributed in part to the different entorhinal inputs to each subregions, and the differences in theta modulation of CA1, CA2, and CA3 neurons. We also found that neurons in the subregions showed differences in theta modulation, phase precession, state‐dependent changes in firing rates and functional connectivity among neurons of these regions. Our results indicate that a combination of intrinsic properties together with distinct intra‐ and extra‐hippocampal inputs may account for the subregion‐specific modulation of spiking dynamics and spatial tuning of neurons during behavior. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engineering anisotropic biphasic Janus‐type polymer nanofiber scaffold networks via centrifugal jet spinning
Authors: Khang Alex , Ravishankar Prashanth , Krishnaswamy Aditya , Anderson Patrick K. , Cone Stephanie G. , Liu Zizhao , Qian Xianghong , Balachandran Kartik 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBiphasic materials, comprised of an ordered arrangement of two different material phases within a material, have the potential for a wide variety of applications including filtration, protective clothing and tissue engineering. This study reports for the first time, a process for engineering biphasic Janus‐type polymeric nanofiber (BJPNF) networks via the centrifugal jet spinning technique. BJPNF alignment and fiber diameter was dependent on fabrication rotational speed as well as solution composition. The biphasic character of these BJPNFs, which was controlled via the rotational speed of fabrication, was confirmed at the individual nanofiber scale using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and at the bulk, macro‐scale using attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biphasic character was also demonstrated at the functional level via differing affinities on either side of the BJPNF for cell attachment. Our work thus presents a method for fabricating BJPNF scaffold networks where there might be a need for different properties on either side of a material. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2455–2464, 2017.
Multi‐year energy balance and carbon dioxide fluxes over a residential neighbourhood in a tropical city
Authors: Roth Matthias , Jansson Christer , Velasco Erik 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTDetailed eddy covariance measurements of radiation, energy and carbon dioxide fluxes over a residential neighbourhood of Singapore are presented. The measurements cover a period of ∼7 years and represent the longest set of flux data reported for a tropical city. Owing to its equatorial location, the observed radiation fluxes are uniformly high throughout the year. Annual changes in climate, energy fluxes and carbon dioxide exchange are therefore much less than observed in cities located outside the Tropics. The energy balance partitioning is nevertheless similar to that reported for subtropical and mid‐latitude suburban sites. Across the entire study period and all weather conditions 53.6% of net radiation (3.222 GJ m−2 year−1) is partitioned into sensible and 39.4% into latent heat, respectively, resulting in a long‐term daily Bowen ratio of ∼1.4. Significant variability exists in net radiation and sensible heat flux using a classification based on clouds and rainfall. Carbon dioxide fluxes are generally positive throughout the day with morning and evening peaks related to maxima in traffic volume separating lower day‐ from higher nighttime fluxes. Unlike in many other comparable suburban studies, net fluxes are generally higher during night‐ compared to daytime. The largest daily fluxes and most pronounced diurnal variability coincide with seasons when the flux footprint includes the highest proportion of vegetation, suggesting an important role for daytime sequestration and nighttime respiration to control the diurnal and seasonal variation. Carbon dioxide fluxes change little across the year given the absence of a heating season with an annual total mass flux of 6368 Mg CO2 km−2 year−1. Singapore provides a unique climatic context, and the present long‐term study is expected to add robust statistics from the understudied (sub)tropical region to the global data set of urban energy and carbon dioxide fluxes, which is dominated by work conducted in mid‐ and high latitudes.
Predators, predator removal, and sage‐grouse: A review
Authors: Conover Michael R. , Roberts Anthony J. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTPopulations of greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage‐grouse) have been in a decline since the nineteenth century. We used our research, unpublished reports, and scientific literature to identify which predators kill sage‐grouse and to assess whether lethal control of these predators benefited the species. We also asked state wildlife biologists and scientists whether they had ever witnessed a predator kill sage‐grouse. We identified 266 instances where the predator responsible for depredating nests or killing juvenile or adult sage‐grouse could be ascertained. Most adult sage‐grouse were killed by eagles (Accipitridae), owls (Strigiformes), coyotes (Canis latrans), or red foxes (Vuples vulpes). Based on nest cameras, most depredated eggs are taken by common ravens (Corvus corax), badgers (Taxidae taxus), or coyotes. There are too few studies to conclude that predator removal increases survival rates of juvenile or adult sage‐grouse. No study has been conducted to determine whether badger removal increases nest success of sage‐grouse, and the only study on coyote removal produced ambiguous results. Several studies reported that more sage‐grouse nests are successful (i.e., >1 eggs hatched) in areas where common ravens were removed or in areas where raven densities were lower than in other areas. The data we reviewed did not indicate predators played a role in the decline during the past century, but increasing numbers of ravens since the 1970s may have contributed to the declining sage‐grouse populations in recent decades. We conclude that removing common ravens can increase nest success, although not necessarily sage‐grouse abundance. Without a better understanding of sage‐grouse and their predators, wildlife biologists will be handicapped in their efforts to prevent sage‐grouse populations from continuing to decline. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Study of the Porosity of the Microgel of pAA and Co‐Polymer Microgel of p(AA‐co‐NIPAM) Through the Thermoporometry Technique
Authors: Oropeza Maria V. C. , Souza Esmar F. , Giudici Reinaldo 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe porosity of hydrogels is a parameter of great importance for biomedical applications. Techniques to evaluate the porosity are relatively time consuming and somewhat expensive. In the present work, we evaluated a technique known as thermoporometry (TPM). The technique does not require complicated preparation of samples and allows the evaluation of the size and distribution of the pores by the measurement of the thermal behavior of the samples by DSC equipment. This work presents in a comparative way the evaluation of two samples of microgels, a poly(acrylic acid) microgel (pAA) and a co‐polymer microgel of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐N‐isopropylacrylamide) p(AA‐co‐NiPAM). The goal is to show the method sensitivity to study different samples of gels. The results showed that the porous structures of these microgels, expressed by their pore size distribution are different, which is an indicative that the method had the sensitivity to identify this difference.
Matrix‐based Molecular Descriptors for Prospective Virtual Compound Screening
Authors: Grisoni Francesca , Reker Daniel , Schneider Petra , Friedrich Lukas , Consonni Viviana , Todeschini Roberto , Koeberle Andreas , Werz Oliver , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMolecular descriptors capture diverse structural information of molecules and are a prerequisite for ligand‐based similarity searching. In this study, we introduce topological matrix‐based descriptors to virtual screening for hit discovery. We evaluated the usefulness of matrix‐based descriptors in a retrospective setting and compared them with topological pharmacophore descriptors. Special attention was given to the influence of data pre‐processing and the applied similarity metric on the virtual screening performance. Overall, the MB descriptors showed a competitive and complementary performance to other descriptors. A prospective screen of a commercial compound library led to the discovery of a novel natural‐product‐derived cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor predicted to interact differently with the target protein compared to the query compound ibuprofen. The results of our study motivate the use of matrix‐based descriptors for molecular similarity‐based virtual screening and scaffold hopping.
A randomized, open‐label, multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of intravesical hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate versus dimethyl sulfoxide in women with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis
Authors: Cervigni Mauro , Sommariva Monica , Tenaglia Raffaele , Porru Daniele , Ostardo Edoardo , Giammò Alessandro , Trevisan Silvia , Frangione Valeria , Ciani Oriana , Tarricone Rosanna , Pappagallo Giovanni L. 
Published: September 2016

AIMSIntravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid (HA) plus chondroitin sulfate (CS) in women with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) has shown promising results. This study compared the efficacy, safety, and costs of intravesical HA/CS (Ialuril®, IBSA) to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).METHODSRandomized, open‐label, multicenter study involving 110 women with BPS/IC. The allocation ratio (HA/CS:DMSO) was 2:1. Thirteen weekly instillations of HA (1.6%)/CS (2.0%) or 50% DMSO were given. Patients were evaluated at 3 (end‐of‐treatment) and 6 months. Primary endpoint was reduction in pain intensity at 6 months by visual analogue scale (VAS) versus baseline. Secondary efficacy measurements were quality of life and economic analyses.RESULTSA significant reduction in pain intensity was observed at 6 months in both treatment groups versus baseline (P < 0.0001) in the intention‐to‐treat population. Treatment with HA/CS resulted in a greater reduction in pain intensity at 6 months compared with DMSO for the per‐protocol population (mean VAS reduction 44.77 ± 25.07 vs. 28.89 ± 31.14, respectively; P = 0.0186). There were no significant differences between treatment groups in secondary outcomes. At least one adverse event was reported in 14.86% and 30.56% of patients in the HA/CS and DMSO groups, respectively. There were significantly fewer treatment‐related adverse events for HA/CS versus DMSO (1.35% vs. 22.22%; P = 0.001). Considering direct healthcare costs, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of HA/CS versus DMSO fell between 3735€/quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) and 8003€/QALY.CONCLUSIONSTreatment with HA/CS appears to be as effective as DMSO with a potentially more favorable safety profile. Both treatments increased health‐related quality of life, while HA/CS showed a more acceptable cost‐effectiveness profile.
Synthesis of POSS‐terminated polycyclooctadiene telechelics via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization
Authors: Li Lei , Zhang Chongyin , Zheng Sixun 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIn this contribution, we reported the synthesis of a series of POSS‐terminated polycyclooctadiene (PCOD) telechelics via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) approach. Toward this end, 1,4‐diPOSS‐but‐2‐ene was synthesized via copper‐catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition reaction (i.e., click chemistry); it was then used as a chain transfer agent (CTA) for the ROMP of cyclooctadiene. The ROMP was carried out with Grubbs second generation catalyst and the POSS‐terminated PCOD telechelics with variable lengths of PCOD were obtained by controlling the molar ratios of CTA to cyclooctadiene. All the POSS‐terminated PCOD telechelics in bulks were microphase‐separated; the morphologies were quite dependent on the lengths of PCOD midchains. The POSS end groups can promote the crystallization of PCOD chains at room temperature, which was in marked contrast to the case of plain PCOD. Compared to the plain PCOD, the POSS‐terminated PCOD telechelics displayed improved thermal stability and surface hydrophobicity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 223–233
Technological enhancers effect on Ni0.9Co0.1 silicide stability for 3D sequential integration
Authors: Deprat Fabien , Nemouchi Fabrice , Fenouillet‐Beranger Claire , Rodriguez Philippe , Joblot Sylvain , Gregoire Magali , Barge David , Gergaud Patrice , Rambal Nils , Batude Perrine , Vinet Maud 
Published: September 2016

Abstract3D sequential integration is a promising alternative to conventional scaling down approach: by stacking transistors level on top of each other, benefits on device density and performance are achieved. However, although the thermal processing of top transistors is currently restricted in order to avoid bottom CMOS degradation, it has been highlighted that Ni0.80Pt0.10 silicide source/drain (S&D) contact remains the most sensitive element to the thermal budget, especially on raised Si0.7Ge0.3:B S&D for pMOS transistors. In this context, a complete and systematic study on self‐aligned silicide (SALICIDE) process has been proposed: alternative metallization as well as source and drain surface pre‐treatments have been carried out. Indeed, a novel Ni‐based silicide, the Ni0.9Co0.1 provides a better stability on unpatterned 300 mm wafers. This stability has been further improved when combined with epitaxial silicon capping layer (Si‐Cap) and Si0.7Ge0.3:B S&D pre‐amorphization implant (PAI) using Ge beam. For the first time, a successful Ni0.9Co0.1 SALICIDE implementation has been demonstrated on pMOS planar FDSOI transistor with both PAI and Si‐Cap. Moreover, the presence of Si‐Cap contributes to reduce silicide roughness and limits Ge partition that damage Si0.7Ge0.3:B S&D. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Choice of 17O correction affects clumped isotope (Δ47) values of CO2 measured with mass spectrometry
Authors: Schauer Andrew J. , Kelson Julia , Saenger Casey , Huntington Katharine W. 
Published: September 2016

RationaleThe clumped isotope composition of CO2 (Δ47) derived from carbonate is widely used as a paleotemperature proxy with broad applications in geoscience. Its accuracy is, however, limited by inter‐laboratory discrepancies of reference materials and disagreement among carbonate geothermometer calibrations. Here we show how the correction for the abundance of 17O influences these discrepancies.MethodsWe used CO2‐H2O equilibration at known temperatures and phosphoric acid digested carbonates to generate CO2 samples with a wide range in 13C and 18O compositions. All samples were purified using an offline vacuum line. We used a Thermo MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer with a Faraday collector array for m/z 44–49, to measure δ13C, δ18O, δ47, and Δ47 values. Data were compiled using a traditional correction (‘Santrock’) for the 17O interference in m/z 45 as well as a more recently proposed correction (‘Brand’) for 17O interference. Two reference frames using CO2 with distinct 13C compositions were constructed to simulate an inter‐laboratory comparison.ResultsThe traditional Santrock 17O correction leads to a simulated Δ47 inter‐laboratory comparison offset of 0.06 ‰, and a 0.1 ‰ Δ47 range in CO2‐H2O 23°C equilibrations that is dependent on the 13C composition. The more recent Brand 17O correction removes these discrepancies. The traditional 17O correction yields distinct temperature‐Δ47 calibration curves for synthetic carbonates precipitated using different methods to degas CO2, while the more recent 17O correction collapses all calibration data onto a single curve.ConclusionsThe 17O correction strategy employed by CO2 and carbonate clumped‐isotope researchers can have a large effect on the accuracy of Δ47 values. Use of the traditional 17O correction may have caused errors in published studies as large as 0.1 ‰ and may account for Δ47 differences among laboratories and disagreement among previously published carbonate clumped isotope thermometry calibrations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perils of opportunistically reusing software module
Authors: Kulkarni Naveen , Varma Vasudeva 
Published: September 2016

SummaryOpportunistic reuse is a need based sourcing of software modules without a prior reuse plan. It is a common tactical approach in software development. Developers often reuse an external software module opportunistically to improve their productivity. But, studies have shown that this results in extensive refactoring and adds maintenance owes. We assert this problem to the mismatches between the software under development and the reused external module; caused because of their different assumptions and constraints. We highlight the problems of such opportunistic reuse practices with the help of a case study. In our study, we found issues such as unanticipated behavior, violated constraints, conflict in assumption, fragile structure, and software bloat. In this paper, we like to draw attention of the research community to the wide spread opportunistic reuse practices and the lack of methods to pro‐actively identify and resolve the mismatches. We propose the need for supporting developers in reasoning before reuse from the perspective of identifying and fixing both local and global mismatches. Furthermore, we identify other opportunistic software development practices where similar issues can be observed and also suggest the research areas where further investigation can benefit developers in improving their productivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convective initiation by topographically induced convergence forcing over the Dabie Mountains on 24 June 2010
Authors: Wang Qiwei , Xue Ming , Tan Zhemin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The initiation of convective cells in the late morning of 24 June 2010 along the eastward extending ridge of the Dabie Mountains in the Anhui region, China, is studied through numerical simulations that include local data assimilation. A primary convergence line is found over the ridge of the Dabie Mountains, and along the ridge line several locally enhanced convergence centers preferentially initiate convection. Three processes responsible for creating the overall convergence pattern are identified. First, thermally-driven upslope winds induce convergence zones over the main mountain peaks along the ridge, which are shifted slightly downwind in location by the moderate low-level easterly flow found on the north side of a Mei-yu front. Second, flows around the main mountain peaks along the ridge create further convergence on the lee side of the peaks. Third, upslope winds develop along the roughly north–south oriented valleys on both sides of the ridge due to thermal and dynamic channeling effects, and create additional convergence between the peaks along the ridge. The superposition of the above convergence features creates the primary convergence line along the ridge line of the Dabie Mountains. Locally enhanced convergence centers on the primary line cause the initiation of the first convection cells along the ridge. These conclusions are supported by two sensitivity experiments in which the environmental wind (dynamic forcing) or radiative and land surface thermal forcing are removed, respectively. Overall, the thermal forcing effects are stronger than dynamic forcing given the relatively weak environmental flow.
Assessing the Feasibility of CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery and Storage in Mature Oil Field: A Case Study from Cambay Basin
Authors: Ganguli Shib Sankar , Vedanti Nimisha , Akervoll Idar , Dimri V. P. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:
The utilization of anthropogenic CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) can significantly extend the production life of an oil field, and help in the reduction of atmospheric emission of anthropogenic CO2 if sequestration is considered. This work summarizes the prospect of EOR and sequestration using CO2 flooding from an Indian mature oil field at Cambay basin through numerical modelling, simulation and pressure study based on limited data provided by the operator. To get an insight into CO2-EOR and safe storage process in this oil field, a conceptual sector model is developed and screening standard is proposed keeping in mind the major pay zone of the producing reservoir. To construct the geomodel, depth maps, well positions and coordinates, well data and well logs, perforation depths and distribution of petrophysical properties as well as fluid properties provided by the operator, has been considered. Based on the results from the present study, we identified that the reservoir has the potential for safe and economic geological sequestration of 15.04×106 metric ton CO2 in conjunction with a substantial increase in oil recovery of 10.4% of original oil in place. CO2-EOR and storage in this mature field has a bright application prospect since the findings of the present work could be a better input to manage the reservoir productivity, and the pressure field for significant enhancement of oil recovery followed by safe storage.
Uranium Mineralisation in Carbonate Rocks from the Upper Part of Krol Formation in Nainital Syncline and its Significance for Uranium Exploration in Lesser Himalaya
Authors: Sinha K. K. , Ghosh Dibakar , Rai S. D. , Khandelwal M. K. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:
Low grade uranium mineralisation associated with phosphorites/phosphatic sediments and carbonaceous shale has been well established at and/or close to Krol-Tal contact in some of sub-basins of inner Krol belt such as Nigalidhar, Mussoorie and Garhwal synclines in the realm of lesser Himalaya. Unlike the other sub-basins of the belt, though the Nainital syncline is sparsely phosphatic and carbonaceous, carbonate hosted uranium occurrence is reported for the first time from the syncline. The carbonate-hosted uranium occurrences in Krol D of Nainital syncline are of limited extent with values ranging from 200 ppm to 840 ppm eU3O8. Radioactivity is associated with fractured dolostone/dolomitic limestone and pelloidal limestone. Uranium phases mostly occur in association with carbonaceous, ferruginous matters and clays. However, ultrafine pitchblende grains do occur associated with idiotopic pyrite aggregates suggesting initial trapping of uranium by organic matters present in sediments which later remobilised and precipitated as fine pitchblende. Subsequently, second phase of remobilisation of uranium under oxidising condition gave rise uraniferous goethite, limonite and other iron oxyhydoxides. In contrast to other sub-basins, the Krol-Tal contact in Nainital syncline does not appear to hold any promising phosphate and uranium mineralisation due to less suitable basinal morphology and low Ca/Mg ratio.