bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of a Danish sludge treatment reed bed system and a stockpile area, using substance flow analysis
Authors: Larsen Julie D. , Nielsen Steen M. , Scheutz Charlotte 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Sludge treatment reed bed (STRB) systems combine dewatering, stabilisation and long-term storage of sludge. The main objective of this study was to investigate how substance concentrations change in the sludge residue during treatment and to conduct substance flow analyses covering the flow of substances in an STRB system over a 12-year treatment period, followed by three months' post-treatment in a stockpile area (SPA). Samples of sludge, reject water and sludge residue of different ages were collected at two Danish STRB system facilities and analysed for content of relevant substances. Concentrations of carbon and nitrogen in the sludge residue residing in an STRB system changed as a function of treatment time, mainly due to mineralisation; only a negligible part was lost to reject water. Considering metals and phosphorus, the main share was accumulated in the sludge residue; only minor fractions were lost to mineralisation or reject water. Post-treatment in an SPA resulted in an increase in dry matter content from 24% to 32%. After treatment, the concentrations of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper and chromium) in the sludge residue met the threshold values stated by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency and the EU.
The Law and Economics Analysis of Intellectual Property: Paradigmatic Shift From Incentives to Traditional Property
Authors: Salzberger Eli M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper focuses on the normative analysis of intellectual property rights, in light of the technological revolution of the Internet and accompanying technologies. After a brief overview of the various philosophical justifications for awarding intellectual property rights, it identifies two major Law and Economics paradigms for the analysis of intellectual property: the incentives paradigm, which is founded upon the public goods analysis of neo-classical microeconomic theory, and the tragedy of the commons literature, which is based on the economic analysis of externalities. The paper raises several points of critique towards both frameworks of analysis and especially towards their inability to point to the desirable extent of intellectual property rights (IPR) and the direction of their reform required as the result of the recent technological revolution. It further criticizes the dominant contemporary Law and Economics writings in this field as shifting to a new proprietary paradigm that pre-assumes information to be an object of property, overlooking its fundamental differences from physical property and focusing on its management rather than on its initial justifications. The paper is concluded with some tentative thoughts on the general notion of “Property Rights” in light of the contemporary approach concerning intellectual property.
Expanding Our Perspectives on Entrepreneurship Research
Authors: Mishra Chandra S. , Zachary Ramona K. 
Published: June 2017

Entrepreneurship is a crucial yet disorderly and complicated social process. Scholars in this issue call on us to broaden our theories and expand our methodologies in our search for an enhanced understanding of entrepreneurship. In the lead piece, Nobel Laureate Ronald Coase and his co-author Ning Wang conclude that price theory is primarily concerned with resource allocation but says a little about innovation. In another thought-provoking editorial „Heroes, Villains, and Fools...“, Howard Aldrich suggests that the application of institutional theory to entrepreneurship must focus on institutional constraints to the process of organizational emergence. Robert Strom, in „Seeing Opportunities in Entrepreneurship Research...“, squarely confronts the data quality and availability in advancing entrepreneurship research.
The three competitive research articles expand our research perspectives by: 1) comparing the barriers to startup creation in thirty-six countries and finding evidence that China and the U.S., while ranked the highest in terms of nascent entrepreneurial activities, have the toughest regulatory environments for entrepreneurs; 2) examining state bankruptcy laws and finding that more generous laws are associated with increased levels of replicative entrepreneurship but lower levels of innovative entrepreneurship; and 3) examining how and when corporate and banking ties can help venture-backed firms with initial public offerings.
Entrepreneurship and the Community
Authors: Mishra Chandra S. , Zachary Ramona K. 
Published: June 2017

Guest Editor, Thomas S. Lyons, Baruch College, NY, USA in conjunction with the ERJ Co-Editors and a Special Issue Executive Committee consisting of David Audretsch at Indiana University, Theodore R. Alter at Pennsylvania State University, and Darline Augustine at Baruch College.
This ERJ Special Issue is devoted to the premise that communities are a vital part of entrepreneurship research as well as practice. In the lead article, the Executive Committee including Theodore R. Alter, David Audretsch and Darline Augustine, along with Thomas S. Lyons as ERJ Guest Editor, document the literature to date and the many facets of the relationship between entrepreneurship and the community. These scholars remind us that entrepreneurship does not take place in a vacuum and that there is, and should be, a symbiotic relationship between these two human constructs. The four competitive research articles in this special issue represent a diversity of perspectives on and approaches to entrepreneurship and community. Both rural and urban perspectives are presented; quantitative and qualitative methodologies are employed; the venues of exploration are international; and the lenses of business development, community development, economics, entrepreneurship, geography, public policy, and rural sociology are applied. These articles contribute to our understanding of the entrepreneurship-community nexus and to the literature of entrepreneurship through: (1) examining the role of entrepreneurship in addressing urban poverty; (2) exploring how entrepreneurship manifests itself in recessionary times; (3) studying the impact of community culture on entrepreneurship and vice versa; and (4) explaining the function of networking in creating entrepreneurial communities.
ACCIÓN UNADISTA EN TORNO A LA CULTURA
Authors: Baquero Abel De Jesús , Estupiñan Emilse 
Published: June 2017

<p>En el presente artículo se analiza la función que cumple la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia - UNAD, como entidad educativa que aporta a la transformación y el mejoramiento de la vida en sociedad.Seintenta clarificar y definir tanto los elementos subjetivos de la cultura como las actitudes o los valores y se describe la manera como la Universidad desarrolla la gestión educativa, cuando reflexiona especialmente acerca del carácter simbólico de la intersubjetividad y la forma en que las pautas de comportamiento se internalizan y establecen en el psiquismo humano por medio de los procesos de socialización. El concepto de intersubjetividad proporciona la base y el sustento epistemológico para entender cómo es que el paradigma pedagógico centrado en el aprendizaje, hace énfasis en la autonomía y en la autogestión del conocimiento, apoyado por múltiples mediaciones pedagógicas y tecnológicas, desde criterios pedagógicos y didácticos para un aprendizaje metódico, sistemático, autónomo y significativo que apunta al logro de la formación integral de la persona, la voluntad de producción y socialización del saber científico y la voluntad de servicio a los demás. El sentido de lo social es un elemento que transversaliza la gestión educativa de la Universidad, porque confiere la mayor importancia a los factores que determinan la vida en comunidad.</p>
EXPERIENCIAS DE COMUNICACIÓN y DESARROLLO QUE INCIDEN EN LA ESFERA PÚBLICA DE LA REGIÓN ANDINA COLOMBIANA
Authors: Lopez Preciado Patricia 
Published: June 2017

<p>Presentación de los avances de investigación del proyecto <em>Exp</em><em>e</em><em>riencias d</em><em>e </em>comun'cccíón y <em>d</em><em>e</em><em>sa</em><em>r</em><em>r</em><em>o</em><em>ll</em><em>o sob</em><em>r</em><em>e med</em><em>i</em><em>o am</em><em>b</em><em>iente </em>en la <em>región An</em><em>d</em><em>i</em><em>na d</em><em>e </em><em>C</em><em>o</em><em>lombia </em>realizado por tres universidades colombianas "desde el análisis realizado a los estudios de caso que evidencian la incidencia de las comunidades en las políticas públicas locales y regionales y que son movilizadas desde los medios de comunicación.</p>
¿QUÉ LE DICE LA FILOSOFIA DE LA EDAD MEDIA AL HOMBRE DE HOY?
Authors: Ibarra Cesar Oswaldo 
Published: June 2017

<p>El presente artículo recoge una reflexión sobre la actualidad y pertinencia de la filosofía de la Edad</p><p>Media para el hombre de hoy. Se exploran algunos estereotipos que se han ido construyendo a lo largo de la historia sobre esta época y sobre la filosofía que produjo y se analizan algunas categorías generales en las que el pensamiento y, en cierto modo, las costumbres de la Edad Media pueden iluminar el ser y el quehacer del hombre y de la mujer de hoy. Este artículo es el inicio de actividades de la Línea de Investigación sobre el Pensamiento Filosófico Antiguo y Medieval del Programa de Filosofía de la Escuela de Ciencias Sociales, Artes y Humanidades de la UNAD. La metodología escogida es la de seleccionar unos temas fronterizos entre las ideas y prácticas medievales y las situaciones actuales, con el fin de descubrir aquellos temas e ideas que podrían contribuir a la humanización y a la construcción de una sociedad digna y justa. Los descubrimientos iniciales en esta temática sirven de soporte al quehacer investigativo posterior que se hará desde la línea. Las conclusiones apuntan al rescate de la actualidad del pensamiento medieval para el hombre y la sociedad de hoy.</p>
Diseño, validez facial y de contenido del instrumento carga de la enfermedad crónica para el paciente – GPCP-UN
Authors: Sánchez Herrera Beatriz , Carrillo González Gloria Mabel , Cardenas Diana Carolina , Alarcón Angie Alejandra 
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: Diseñar y realizar validación facial y de contenido del instrumento Carga de la Enfermedad Crónica para el PacienteMétodo: Estudio descriptivo desarrollado entre los años 2012 – 2015, en las siguientes fases: 1) Revisión de la literatura. 2) Recuento y evaluación y de síntomas, quejas y preocupaciones expresadas por 1850 pacientes con seguimiento de un año. 3) Construcción del instrumento 4) Prueba de comprensibilidad y ajuste semántico 5) Pruebas de validez facial y de contenido con expertos. Resultados. El instrumento “Carga de la Enfermedad Crónica para el Paciente – GCPC-UN” consta de 49 ítems distribuidos en tres dimensiones: el sufrimiento psicológico y espiritual, con 15 ítems; el disconfort y malestar físico, con 19 ítems; y la alteración socio cultural y familiar con 15 ítems. Se incluye 1 pregunta final que da opciones de problemas, quejas o síntomas no incluidos. Cada situación que se asocia con la enfermedad es medida en términos de la frecuencia, la intensidad y el nivel en que es considerada amenazante o peligrosa. Conclusiones. El Instrumento “Carga de la Enfermedad Crónica para el Paciente – GCPC-UN” permite valorar integralmente el impacto que la situación de enfermedad crónica genera a la persona con la enfermedad. Los resultados de sus pruebas de comprensibilidad, validez facial y contenido, avalan su aplicación en el contexto Colombiano y son base para nuevas investigaciones en el campo.
Lesiones fatales en adolescentes, Casanare-Colombia 2011-2013
Authors: Rincon Acevedo Claudia Yaneth 
Published: June 2017

Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, las lesiones fatalesson una de las principales causas de muerte y discapacidad en menores de 18 años. El objetivo del estudio fue describir su comportamiento en los adolescentes del departamento de Casanare, durante el período 2011-2013.Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, a partir de las bases de datos de estadísticas vitales, defunciones no fetales y defunciones por causa externa del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). El análisis de los datos se realizó en la hoja de cálculo de Excel 2010 de Microsoft Office®. Se analizaron las tasas de mortalidad específica y ajustada por 100.000 habitantespor año, sexo, grupo etario y municipio; y los años de vida potencial perdidos (AVPP) por cada causa según la lista OPS-6/67 CIE-10.Resultados. En el período hubo un total de 99 defunciones, en 2011 (23; 23,2%), 2012 (36; 36,4%) y 2013 (40; 40,4%). Tasa de mortalidad específicafue de 138,2 y ajustada de 236,4 por 100.000 habitantes, en el grupo de 10- 14 años (52,8; 45,4) y de 15-19 (224,3; 189,9), en hombres (220,0; 187,7) y mujeres (54,1; 46,2). Total de AVPP 5.940, por accidentes de transporte 2.160, agresiones/homicidios 1.440, suicidios 840, intención no determinada 780, ahogamiento 420, intervención legal/operaciones de guerra y otros accidentes120 respectivamente, armas de fuego 60; índice de AVPP 83,1 por 1.000 habitantes.Conclusiones. La primera causa de mortalidad por lesiones fatales fue por accidentes de transporte, situación diferente a la del país en la que los homicidios ocupan el primer lugar. Es necesario congregar esfuerzos desde todos los sectores para reducir la mortalidad de todos los niños.
Pengaruh Motivasi, Persepsi dan Internalisasi Standar ISO 9001 terhadap Kinerja
Authors: Sulasih Sulasih 
Published: June 2017

Penelitian ini berjudul â€œPengaruh Motivasi, Persepsi Dan Internalisasi Standar ISO 9001 Terhadap Kinerja pada PT. Holcim Indonesia Tbk Cilacap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh motivasi, persepsi dan internalisasi standar ISO 9001 terhadap kinerja. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah pertama motivasi penerapan standar ISO 9001 berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap persepsi penerapan standar ISO 9001. Kedua motivasi penerapan standar ISO 9001 berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap internalisasi standar ISO 9001. Ketiga motivasi penerapan standar ISO 9001 berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja. Keempat persepsi penerapan standar ISO 9001 berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja. Kelima internalisasi standar ISO 9001 berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei yang mengambil data dengan kuesioner. Sasaran penelitian adalah karyawan PT. Holcim Indonesia Tbk Cilacap Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua karyawan di departemen PT. Holcim Indonesia Tbk Cilacap, sedangkan metode pengambilan sampelnya yaitu Probability Sampling dan jumlah sampel yang memenuhi syarat dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 143 orang. Alat analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) melalui program Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) versi 16.0. Sedangkan pengukuran data menggunakan 7 skala likertÂ This study was aimed at analyzing the influence of motivation, perception, and internalization of ISO 9001 standard on the performance of PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk Cilacap. There are five hypothesa of this study, i.e: 1) the motivation of applying ISO 9001 standard has a positive and significant impact to the perception on applying ISO 9001 standard; 2) the motivation of applying ISO 9001 standard has a positive and significant impact to; 3) the motivation of applying ISO 9001 standard has a positive and significant impact to the performance; 4) the perception on applying ISO 9001 standard has a positive and significant impact to the performance; 5) the internalization of ISO 9001 standard has a positive and significant impact to the performance. This is a survey research the data of which was gained through questionaires. The respondents of this research were emplyoees of PT> Holcim Indonesia Tbk Cilacap and sampling technique used in this research was probabiliy sampling fulfilling the requirement of 143 orang. Data were analyzed with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using version 16.0 of Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) and data measurement used a Likert scale of 7.
Flip and Switch; Minority and Cult Film in Indonesian cinema (Semiotic of Cahaya Dari Timur: Beta Maluku)
Authors: Faizal Ahmad Riza 
Published: June 2017

Flip and switch are terms proposed from this research as milestones for signifying when a film narrative change their syntagmatic course through characters back and forth in weight and position thus change the messages that might be conveyed by the spectators about the film. The concepts were pointed by using the semiotic rectangle, or also known as The Greimas’ rectangle, about minority issues in one of the best Indonesian film ever made, Cahaya Dari Timur: Beta Maluku. This research found two flips and two switches which signify changes in course and narrative patterns through out the film. By using criteria of what makes a film become a cult film, the research sorted and opted several peculiar scenes. Those scenes can leads the film become a cult film if the phenomena criteria are lifted and established over time. Nevertheless, at present, the film Cahaya Dari Timur: Beta Maluku is not yet a cult film. Related to minority issues, the film comes from a non Anti-minority issues which complements with anti-minority issues, these findings signified that Cahaya Dari Timur: Beta Maluku is not a film about minority issues but what has became after all those minority conflicts are solved.
Development and Characterization of Polyurethane and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and their Compatibilized Blends
Authors: Alfadhel K. A. , Al-Mulla A. , Bishara A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Novel blends of polyurethane and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, in both forms, compatibilized and uncompatibilized, were developed by melt reactive extrusion technique in a twin-screw extruder. This technique involved acrylonitrile butadiene styrene grafted maleic anhydride (ABS-g-MAH) as the compatibilizer. The objective of this study was to enhance the rigidity characteristics of polyurethane by melt blending acrylonitrile butadiene styrene into polyurethane using a compatibilizer. The blends were analyzed using different techniques to confirm the occurrence of compatibilization reaction between the parent polymers and the compatibilizer. It is observed that addition of the compatibilizer has improved the mechanical properties of the resultant blends.
A summarized review about natural polymers role in floating drug delivery system and in-vivo evaluation studies
Authors: Javaid Muhammad Umar , Ain Qurat Ul , Tahir Umer , Shahid Safwan 
Published: June 2017

The approach of eco-friendly and safe environmental materials for various industrial applications like medicine, agriculture and similar areas is growing rapidly. The advantages of biologically degradable and non-toxic materials like the natural polymers are evident by the mounting level of its use in pharmaceutical field particularly. The various natural polymers have been aiding the drug delivery systems for long time as the drug transporters with the objective of improving the efficacy and efficiency. The floating drug delivery systems are required to possess proper floating capability in gastric systems and use of natural polymers in such delivery systems has been very beneficial. The physical characteristics of natural polymers facilitate them to be brilliant drug carriers for such type of drug delivery systems. The aim of this review is to provide the overview of role of natural polymers in floating drug delivery system, its characteristic effects, ongoing research and trend of future developments and applications in the field.Javaid et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, March 2017, 6(4): 23-26http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol6Issue4/01.pdf
Taking Beckett at His Word: The Event ofThe Unnamable
Authors: Attridge Derek 
Published: June 2017

The many achievements of Beckett scholarship in recent years, exploring drafts and notebooks, tracking sources, investigating the biography and mining the letters, run the risk of losing sight of the reason why he merits this degree of attention: the singularity, inventiveness and power of his work, on the page, stage and screen. Starting from Derrida's brief comments on Beckett, in which the philosopher expresses a fascination for what is left over when we have digested (or failed to digest) the content of the writing, this essay takes The Unnamable as an example of a work whose strangeness has often been reduced by accounts of its thematic substance or its various contexts. Addressing primarily the English text but dipping into the French where appropriate, it focuses on the way the work happens: the sequencing of elements, the build-up and relaxation of tension, the enigmas and their resolutions, the withholding and unfolding of information. What, it asks, does this work offer for our enjoyment? What makes it, sporadically, so funny?A short passage from The Unnamable is discussed, with attention to its rhythms, its deployment of expectations aroused and satisfied, postponed, or disappointed, its sometimes recondite diction, and its modulation of tone and register. To read The Unnamable with full appreciation, it is argued, is to participate in the voice's dilemmas, to follow its tortuous reasonings, to take part in its ironic musings, to share its anger and frustration, to laugh at its absurdities, to savour its sheer energy and persistence. All this arises from the event of reading, the experience of the text as it unfolds its words and sentences. Taking advantage of language's capacity to unmake what it has made, Beckett invites the reader to participate in its paradoxes as oscillations and self-cancellations that occur in the reading experience to produce an engaging and entertaining work of literature rather than the mental exercise or verbal puzzle that it can sometimes seem in the hands of its critics.
A Machine for Feeling:Ping's Posthuman Affect
Authors: Moody Alys 
Published: June 2017

Beckett's famous claim that his writing seeks to ‘work on the nerves of the audience, not the intellect’ points to the centrality of affect in his work. But while his writing's affective quality is widely acknowledged by readers of his work, its refusal of intellect has made it difficult to take fully into account in scholarly work on Beckett. Taking Beckett's 1967 short prose text Ping as a case study, this essay is an attempt to take the affective qualities of Beckett's writing seriously and to consider the implications of his affectively dense writing for his texts’ relationship to history. I argue that Ping's affect emerges from the rhythms of its prose, producing a highly ‘speakable’ text in which affect precedes interpretation. In Ping, however, this affective rhythmic patterning is portrayed as mechanical, the product of the machinic ‘ping’ that punctuates the text and the text's own mechanical rhythms, demanding the active involvement of the reader.The essay concludes by arguing that Ping's mechanised affect is a specifically historical feeling. Arising from a specifically twentieth-century anxiety about technology's tendency to evacuate ‘natural’ emotion in favour of inhuman affect, it participates in a tradition of affectively resonant but curiously blank or indifferent performances of cyborg embodiment. Read in this historical light, Ping's implication of the reader in the production of its mechanised affect grants it, from our contemporary perspective, an archival quality. At the same time, it asks us to broaden the way in which we understand the Beckettian text's relationship to history, pointing to the existence of a more complex and recursive relationship between literature, its historical moment, and our contemporary moment of reading. Such a post-archival historicism sees texts as generated by but not bound to their historical moments of composition, and understands the moment of reception as an integral, if shifting, part of the text's history.