bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of cognitive reserve on neuropsychological functioning in bipolar disorder: Findings from a 5‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Hinrichs Kristin H , Easter Rebecca E , Angers Kaley , Pester Bethany , Lai Zongshan , Marshall David F , Kamali Masoud , McInnis Melvin , Langenecker Scott A , Ryan Kelly A 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesThe present study examined the 5‐year longitudinal course of cognitive functioning in a large sample of well‐characterized patients with bipolar disorder (BP), compared to healthy controls (HCs), and the influence of cognitive reserve factors (e.g., education and IQ) on cognitive change over time.MethodsParticipants included 159 individuals diagnosed with BP and 54 HCs recruited as part of a longitudinal naturalistic study of BP who had completed neuropsychological testing at the time of their enrollment and again 5 years later.ResultsThe overall relative rate of change did not differ between the BP and HC groups. In total, 46.5% of the BP group and 37% of the HC group showed evidence of decline on at least one measure over time. T‐test analyses did not find differences between BP ‘decliners’ and ‘non‐decliners’ in cognitive reserve variables. However, we found that higher baseline intellectual ability was associated with more stability in cognitive test scores over time for the BP group. Results of linear regression modeling revealed that lower verbal IQ and education were related to increased cognitive decline in specific domains in the BP group.ConclusionsThis study has explored the influence of cognitive reserve on preservation of specific cognitive abilities over time in BP. The BP group did not demonstrate accelerated cognitive decline over 5 years compared to the HC group. Although the trajectory of cognitive change over time was similar between BP patients and HCs, higher overall intellectual ability may be a protective factor against cognitive decline, particularly for BP patients.
A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of beloranib for the treatment of hypothalamic injury‐associated obesity
Authors: Shoemaker Ashley , Proietto Joseph , Abuzzahab M. Jennifer , Markovic Tania , Malloy Jaret , Kim Dennis D. 
Published: March 2017

AimsHypothalamic injury‐associated obesity (HIAO) results from damage to the hypothalamus that often occurs with surgical removal/radiation therapy of tumours in the hypothalamic region, such as craniopharyngioma. There is currently no rigorously studied pharmaceutical treatment for the intractable weight gain and cardiometabolic consequences that occur in patients with HIAO. We aimed to assess efficacy, safety and tolerability of beloranib treatment for 4 to 8 weeks in patients with HIAO.Materials and methodsThis Phase 2a, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study included 14 patients with HIAO, randomized to receive beloranib 1.8 mg or placebo subcutaneously twice weekly for 4 weeks with an optional 4‐week open‐label extension in which all patients received beloranib. The primary endpoint was change in weight from baseline to Week 4.ResultsParticipants were 64% female, with a mean (SD) age of 32 (9) years, BMI of 43 (7) kg/m2 and weight of 126 (22) kg. Compared with placebo (N = 4), beloranib 1.8 mg (N = 8) resulted in a mean (95% CI) difference in weight of −3.2 (−5.4, −0.9) kg after 4 weeks. Weight loss continued through the 8 weeks in patients randomized to beloranib (mean −6.2 [−8.2, −4.1] kg). Beloranib treatment was associated with improvements in high‐sensitivity CRP. Adverse events were mild to moderate. No patients who received beloranib discontinued treatment.ConclusionBeloranib treatment resulted in progressive weight loss in patients with HIAO that was comparable to that observed with beloranib in patients with exogenous obesity. These findings indicate a novel mechanism for treating obesity in patients with HIAO.
Accompanied Self: Debating Pentecostal Individual and Japanese Relational Selves in Transnational Japan
Authors: Ikeuchi Suma 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhile the notion of the individual figures prominently in the debate about Christian personhood, the concept of relational selves has shaped the existing literature on Japanese selfhood. I take this seeming divergence between “individual Christian” and “interdependent Japanese” as the point of departure to probe how Japanese‐Brazilian Pentecostal migrants in contemporary Japan understand and experience their sense of self. The article is based on 14 months of fieldwork in Toyota, Japan, which consisted of participant observation, interviews, and surveys among Brazilian and Japanese residents there. The discourses about the category of religion serve as a major source of data to tease out cultural understandings about “the authentic self.” I will argue that Pentecostal personhood does not fit within either the “individual” or the “relational.” The concept of “accompanied self” will then be proposed to accurately capture the kind of self that many migrant converts strive to embody.
Climate change is predicted to alter the current pest status of Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis in the United Kingdom
Authors: Jones Laura M. , Koehler Ann‐Kristin , Trnka Mirek , Balek Jan , Challinor Andrew J. , Atkinson Howard J. , Urwin Peter E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe potato cyst nematodes Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis are economically important plant pathogens causing losses to UK potato harvests estimated at £50 m/ year. Implications of climate change on their future pest status have not been fully considered. Here, we report growth of female G. pallida and G. rostochiensis over the range 15 to 25°C. Females per plant and their fecundity declined progressively with temperatures above 17.5°C for G. pallida, whilst females per plant were optimal between 17.5 and 22.5°C for G. rostochiensis. Relative reproductive success with temperature was confirmed on two potato cultivars infected with either species at 15, 22.5 and 25°C. The reduced reproductive success of G. pallida at 22.5°C relative to 15°C was also recorded for a further seven host cultivars studied. The differences in optimal temperatures for reproductive success may relate to known differences in the altitude of their regions of origin in the Andes. Exposure of G. pallida to a diurnal temperature stress for one week during female growth significantly suppressed subsequent growth for one week at 17.5°C but had no effect on G. rostochiensis. However, after two weeks of recovery, female size was not significantly different from that for the control treatment. Future soil temperatures were simulated for medium‐ and high‐emission scenarios and combined with nematode growth data to project future implications of climate change for the two species. Increased soil temperatures associated with climate change may reduce the pest status of G. pallida but benefit G. rostochiensis especially in the southern United Kingdom. We conclude that plant breeders may be able to exploit the thermal limits of G. pallida by developing potato cultivars able to grow under future warm summer conditions. Existing widely deployed resistance to G. rostochiensis is an important characteristic to retain for new potato cultivars.
Modelling native and alien vascular plant species richness: At which scales is geodiversity most relevant?
Authors: Bailey Joseph J. , Boyd Doreen S. , Hjort Jan , Lavers Chris P. , Field Richard 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo explore the scale dependence of relationships between novel measures of geodiversity and species richness of both native and alien vascular plants.LocationGreat Britain.Time periodData collected 1995–2015.Major taxaVascular plants.MethodsWe calculated the species richness of terrestrial native and alien vascular plants (6,932 species in total) across the island of Great Britain at grain sizes of 1 km2 (n = 219,964) and 100 km2 (n = 2,121) and regional extents of 25–250 km diameter, centred around each 100‐km2 cell. We compiled geodiversity data on landforms, soils, hydrological and geological features using existing national datasets, and used a newly developed geomorphometric method to extract landform coverage data (e.g., hollows, ridges, valleys, peaks). We used these as predictors of species richness alongside climate, commonly used topographic metrics, land‐cover variety and human population. We analysed species richness across scales using boosted regression tree (BRT) modelling and compared models with and without geodiversity data.ResultsGeodiversity significantly improved models over and above the widely used topographic metrics, particularly at smaller extents and the finer grain size, and slightly more so for native species richness. For each increase in extent, the contribution of climatic variables increased and that of geodiversity decreased. Of the geodiversity variables, automatically extracted landform data added the most explanatory power, but hydrology (rivers, lakes) and materials (soil, superficial deposits, geology) were also important.Main conclusionsGeodiversity improves our understanding of, and our ability to model, the relationship between species richness and abiotic heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales by allowing us to get closer to the real‐world physical processes that affect patterns of life. The greatest benefit comes from measuring the constituent parts of geodiversity separately rather than one combined variable (as in most of the few studies to date). Automatically extracted landform data, the use of which is novel in ecology and biogeography, proved particularly valuable in our study.
Communication challenges experienced by migrants with cancer: A comparison of migrant and English‐speaking Australian‐born cancer patients
Authors: Hyatt Amelia , Lipson‐Smith Ruby , Schofield Penelope , Gough Karla , Sze Ming , Aldridge Lynley , Goldstein David , Jefford Michael , Bell Melanie L. , Butow Phyllis 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesUnderstanding the difficulties faced by different migrant groups is vital to address disparities and inform targeted health‐care service delivery. Migrant oncology patients experience increased morbidity, mortality and psychological distress, with this tentatively linked to language and communication difficulties. The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the communication barriers and challenges experienced by Arabic, Greek and Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese) speaking oncology patients in Australia.MethodsThis study employed a cross‐sectional design using patient‐reported outcome survey data from migrant and English‐speaking Australian‐born patients with cancer. Patients were recruited through oncology clinics and Australian state cancer registries. Data were collected regarding patient clinical and demographic characteristics and health‐care and communication experiences. Data from the clinics and registries were combined for analysis.ResultsSignificant differences were found between migrant groups in demographic characteristics, communication and health‐care experiences, and information and care preferences. Chinese patients cited problems with understanding medical information, the Australian health‐care system, and communicating with their health‐care team. Conversely, Arabic‐ and Greek‐speaking patients reported higher understanding of the health‐care system, and less communication difficulties.ConclusionsOur study findings suggest that migrant groups differ from each other in their health communication expectations and requirements. Lower education and health literacy of some groups may play a role in poorer health outcomes. Public health interventions and assistance provided to migrants should be tailored to the specific needs and characteristics of that language or cultural group. Future research directions are discussed.
Discussing prognosis and treatment goals with patients with advanced cancer: A qualitative analysis of oncologists’ language
Authors: Chou Wen‐ying Sylvia , Hamel Lauren M. , Thai Chan L. , Debono David , Chapman Robert A. , Albrecht Terrance L. , Penner Louis A. , Eggly Susan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe National Academy of Medicine recommends that cancer patients be knowledgeable of their prognosis to enable them to make informed treatment decisions, but research suggests few patients receive this information.ObjectiveThis qualitative study describes oncologists’ language during discussions of prognosis and treatment goals in clinical interactions with African American patients diagnosed with cancer.DesignWe analysed transcripts from video recordings of clinical interactions between patients with StageIIIorIVcancer (n=26) and their oncologists (n=9). In‐depth discourse analysis was conducted to describe and interpret oncologists’ communication behaviours and common linguistic features in the interactions.Setting and participantsData were from a larger study of patient‐provider communication between African Americans and oncologists at two cancer hospitals in Detroit.ResultsPrognosis was discussed in 73.1% (n=19) of the interactions; treatment goals were discussed in 92.3% (n=24). However, analysis revealed that oncologists’ description of prognosis was vague (e.g. “prognosis is a bit worse in your case”) and rarely included a survival estimate. Oncologists often used ambiguous terminology, including euphemisms and jargon, and emphasized uncertainty (e.g. “lesions are suspicious for the disease”). Conversation about prognosis was frequently brief, moving quickly to the urgency and details of treatment.DiscussionThis study demonstrates how oncologists’ language may obscure discussion of prognosis and treatment goals. The identified behaviours may lead to missed opportunities in eliciting and discussing patients’ knowledge about and preferences for their care. Patient‐, provider‐ and system‐oriented interventions are needed to improve clinical communication, especially among minority patients with advanced cancer.
Morphological and immunophenotypical features of hairy cell leukaemia involving lymph nodes and extranodal tissues
Authors: Cortazar Jacqueline M , DeAngelo Daniel J , Pinkus Geraldine S , Morgan Elizabeth A 
Published: March 2017

AimsHairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is a rare B cell neoplasm that mainly affects bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PB) and spleen. Involvement of lymph nodes and extranodal structures is considered infrequent. Herein we describe our institutional experience of nodal (n = 10) and extranodal (n = 3) HCL during a 30‐year period.Methods and resultsTen patients had prior evidence of HCL within the BM or PB at a median 35.8 months before nodal/extranodal diagnosis (range: <1–175 months), and HCL was diagnosed concurrently within the bone marrow of one additional patient. Nodal involvement showed distinct architectural patterns, including diffuse (62% of cases), sinusoidal (25%) and nodular (13%). Extranodal involvement was characterized as diffuse infiltration through underlying structures in all cases. Morphological features ranged from classic ‘fried‐egg’ cytology to a plasmacytoid appearance. Nodal/extranodal disease showed an overlapping immunophenotypical profile with other small B cell lymphomas, including expression of cyclin D1 (70%), CD43 (55%), CD10 (38%) and CD5 (8%). Rates of both CD43 and CD10 reactivity were higher than described previously in leukaemic HCL, suggesting that expression may be enriched in cases with extramedullary extension.ConclusionsAlthough uncommon, HCL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of small B cell neoplasms involving nodal/extranodal sites, given the therapeutic implications. In particular, recent discoveries including detection of the BRAFV600E mutation in nearly all cases of HCL and the availability of an antibody to CD103 for use in paraffin‐embedded tissues will facilitate the distinction of HCL from other small B cell lymphomas in the nodal/extranodal setting.
Coagulation factors, anticoagulant proteins, and plasminogen in Mexican older adults
Authors: Hernández Zamora E. , González‐Espinosa L. O. , Zavala‐Hernández C. , Rosales‐Cruz E. , Reyes‐Maldonado E. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIntroductionHemostasis protects upon the occurrence of vascular endothelial damage, with involving of different factors. The interaction of these factors in older adults is poorly known, and has been associated with different disorders. Therefore, we determined the activity of coagulation factors (CF), anticoagulant proteins (AP), and plasminogen (Plg), as well as the frequency of deficiencies of these proteins in a population of healthy Mexican older adults (OA).MethodsCF (I, II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, and XI y XII), AP [protein C (PC), protein S (PS), and antithrombin (AT)], and Plg were determined from 244 plasma samples of OA using commercial kits in a coagulometer ACL Elite Pro.ResultsA total of 139 women and 105 men were under study. They were divided into age range groups (50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and ˃80 years). Activity of CF, AP, and Plg was determined. Frequencies of CF, AP, and Plg activity values were obtained for each age group according to gender. Differences were found between both frequencies for each protein.ConclusionSignificant differences were found, so it is recommended to establish reference values (RV) for the activity of fibrinogen and FX by decade and gender, FVII and FXII by gender, FII, FV, FVIII, PC, PS, and Plg by decade, whereas for FIX, FXI, and AT, they are not modified by age or gender, so the RV described for adult Mexican population can be used. It is important to integrate these results into established diagnostic algorithms, which can be taken into account to provide an accurate diagnosis and treatment for patients with suspected hemorrhagic or thrombotic processes, as well as suggest those habits that improve their quality of life, to maintain optimal health and prevent thrombotic and hemorrhagic events.
A model for upscaling global partnerships and building nurse and midwifery capacity
Authors: Spies L.A. , Garner S. L. , Faucher M.A. , Hastings‐Tolsma M. , Riley C. , Millenbruch J. , Prater L. , Conroy S.F. 
Published: March 2017

AimTo provide a unique model for use in guiding global collaboration and policy to upscale nursing and midwifery partnerships.Background and introductionNurses and midwives across nations need skills reaching beyond the bedside and unit level in today's complex, global, multifaceted healthcare milieu. Thoughtful consideration, research and concomitant development of models to guide appropriate upscaling of nurse and midwifery capacity within and between nations are needed.DiscussionThis article explores an integrated global approach to upscaling nurse and midwifery capacity using examples of partnerships between nursing and midwifery programmes across multiple continents.Conclusion and implications for nursingGlobal nurse and midwifery capacity is effectively being developed using a myriad of approaches. A new model is presented to illustrate supports, strategies and activities to achieve intermediate and long‐term goals for capacity building through strong and sustainable global partnerships.Implication for nursing policyDevelopment of global skills can focus the nurse and midwife to influence policy‐level decisions. Human resource planning that can impact countrywide provision of health care begins in the preservice setting for both nurses and midwives. A global experience can be a value‐added component to the well‐rounded education of future nurses. Education during preparation for entry into practice is a strategic way to develop a worldview. Incorporating reflective practice can build skills and shape attitudes to prepare the new nurse to be comfortable as a global healthcare provider. An expanded world view is the springboard to more robust and informed involvement and inclusion in policy‐level discussions.
An overview of the therapeutic potential of regenerative medicine in cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Pang Calver , Ibrahim Amel , Bulstrode Neil W , Ferretti Patrizia 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe global burden of disease associated with wounds is an increasingly significant public health concern. Current treatments are often expensive, time‐consuming and limited in their efficacy in chronic wounds. The challenge of overcoming current barriers associated with wound care requires innovative management techniques.Regenerative medicine is an emerging field of research that focuses on the repair, replacement or regeneration of cells, tissues or organs to restore impaired function. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology of wound healing and reviews the latest evidence on the application of the principal components of regenerative medicine (growth factors, stem cell transplantation, biomaterials and tissue engineering) as therapeutic targets.Improved knowledge and understanding of the pathophysiology of wound healing has pointed to new therapeutic targets. Regenerative medicine has the potential to underpin the design of specific target therapies in acute and chronic wound healing. This personalised approach could eventually reduce the burden of disease associated with wound healing. Further evidence is required in the form of large animal studies and clinical trials to assess long‐term efficacy and safety of these new treatments.
Mechanical and chemical plaque control in the simultaneous management of gingivitis and caries: a systematic review
Authors: Figuero Elena , Nóbrega Diego F. , García‐Gargallo María , Tenuta Livia M. A. , Herrera David , Carvalho Joana C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo report the evidence on the effect of mechanical and/or chemical plaque control in the simultaneous management of gingivitis and caries.Material and MethodsA protocol was designed to identify randomized (RCTs) and controlled (CCTs) clinical trials, cohort studies and prospective case series (PCS), with at least 6 months of follow‐up, reporting on plaque, gingivitis and caries. Relevant information was extracted from full papers, including quality and risk of bias. Meta‐analyses were performed whenever possible.ResultsAfter the screening of 1,373 titles, 15 RCTs, 10 CCTs and 2 PCS were included. Low to moderate evidence support that combined professional and self‐performed mechanical plaque control significantly reduces standardized plaque index [n = 4; weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1.294; 95% CI (0.445; 2.144); p = 0.003] and gingivitis scores [n = 4; WMD = 1.728; 95% CI (0.631; 2.825); p = 0.002]. The addition of fluoride to mechanical plaque control is relevant for caries management [n = 5; WMD = 1.159; 95% CI (0.145; 2.172); p = 0.025] while chlorhexidine rinses are relevant for gingivitis.ConclusionMechanical plaque control procedures are effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis. The addition of fluoride to mechanical plaque control is significant for caries management. Chlorhexidine rinse has a positive effect on gingivitis and inconclusive role in caries.