bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socratic Rhetoric in the Gorgias
Authors: Carone Gabriela Roxana 
Published: June 2016

Given that it seems uncontroversial that Socrates displays considerable contempt towards rhetoric in theGorgias,the title of this paper might strike one as an oxymoron. Indeed, a reading of the text has more than once encouraged scholars to posit an Opposition between the elenctic procedures championed by Socrates and the rhetorical procedures of his interlocutors. At least three features have been highlighted that seem to indicate this contrast:1.the Socratic interest in short questions and answers versus his interlocutors’ use of long speeches(makrologia);2.the Socratic interest in truth regardless of the opinion of the many, the latter seeming an important concern of the rhetorician;3.the supposed Socratic appeal to the intellectual powers of the interlocutor, which is usually contrasted with the appeal to the emotions which is distinctive of rhetoric.
Advising as Inviting to Trust
Authors: Hinchman Edward S. 
Published: June 2016

One feels it is not enough just to State one's opinion; one tries at the same time to frame it in a way that does not disconcert the other person, but helps him; one is holding the truth up for him, yes, but in such a way that he can slip into it.— Max Frisch,Sketchbook,1946Advising is sometimes just inviting someone to act on a reason he already has: giving him strategically useful information, encouraging his flagging spirits, making vivid what he wishes to forget. In that case no reasons aregiven.Sometimes, too, you find that your interlocutor has, as you'll put it, ‘no reason to do’ what you think he should do. You find you need to ‘give him’ a reason to do it. Here you have a choice between two strategies. You can attempt to influence him in a way that's at odds with the form of address distinctive ofreasoningwith him.
Descartes's Ontology of Sensation
Authors: Smith Kurt 
Published: June 2016

If we were to look caref ully at recent commentary on Descartes's theories of ideas and Sensation, we would find that a large number of commentators hold that he believes the following:.(1)Ideas are representational,(2)Sensations are ideas,(3)Sensations are not representational.This is an inconsistent triad: any two of the above claims can be true together, but they cannot all be true together. The inconsistent triad can be avoided if we reject one of the claims. Some have argued that Descartes did not hold (l).1 Some have argued that he did not hold (3). I believe that Descartes held (1) and (3), and will argue that he did not hold (2).Generally, any account of Cartesian Sensation at the very least must account for sensations in terms of the ontology. The account must say whether they are modes or not, and if modes, modes of what — mind, body, both, the union, and so on. Moreover, how sensations are cast in terms of the ontology must agree with how they are cast in terms of the epistemology.
Global Distributive Justice, Entitlement, and Desert
Authors: Brock Gillian 
Published: June 2016

The facts of global poverty are staggering. Consider, for instance, how 1.5 billion people subsist below the international poverty line, which means about a quarter of the world's current population lives in poverty. There is much talk about how freer markets will help the situation of these people, in particular how it will help the worst off. So far the evidence for this claim is fairly unclear. ‘At any rate, on several accounts, alleviating the worst aspects of poverty would impose fairly small costs on us in more affluent countries, yet we continue to do very little about alleviating this situation. For instance, a 1 per cent tax on world product would make enormous inroads in lifting people out of poverty. Alternatively, simply a shift in priorities could do this without any added taxes: a 1 per cent decrease in military spending in the developed world and a 10 per cent decrease in military spending in the developing world could have the same effect.
The Fundamental Disagreement between Luck Egalitarians and Relational Egalitarians
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth 
Published: June 2016

Much contemporary egalitarian theorizing is broadly divided between luck egalitarians, such as G. A. Cohen, Richard Arneson, and John Roemer, and relational egalitarians, such as John Rawls, Samuel Scheffler, Josh Cohen, and me. The two camps disagree about how to conceive of equality: as an equal distribution of non-relational goods among individuals, or as a kind of social relation between persons - an equality of authority, status, or standing (Anderson 1999).This disagreement generates a second, about when unequal distributions of non-relational goods are unjust. Luck egalitarians claim that inequality is unjust when it is accidental: when it is caused by morally arbitrary factors such as circumstances of birth. Relational egalitarians claim that inequality is unjust when it disadvantages people: when it reflects, embodies, or causes inequality of authority, status, or standing.
Justice, Educational Equality, and Sufficiency
Authors: Macleod Colin 
Published: June 2016

Among the novel objects that attracted my attention during my stay in the United States, nothing struck me more forcibly than the general equality of condition among the people. (de Tocqueville 1990, 7)There are significant inequalities in the lives of America's children, including inequalities in the education that these children receive. These educational inequalities include not only disparities in funding per pupil but also in class size, teacher qualification, and resources such as books, labs, libraries, computers, and curriculum, as well as the physical condition of the school and the safety of students within it. While not all schools attended by poor children are bad schools, and not all schools attended by well-off children are good schools, there are clear patterns. Poor children are more likely to attend crowded and poorly equipped schools with less qualified teachers than the children of more affluent families. They are less likely to have computers, books, and advanced placement academic courses. (Satz 2007, 623)
Two aspects of propositional unity
Authors: Ostertag Gary 
Published: June 2016

The paper builds upon familiar arguments against identifying the proposition that Brutus stabbed Caesar with a given sequence containing Brutus, Caesar, and the stabs relation. It identifies a further problem, one that affects not only traditional Russellian accounts of propositions, but also the recent act-theoretic approach championed by Scott Soames and Peter Hanks. The problem is that there is no clear content to the idea that the pair < Brutus, Caesar> instantiates the stabs relation. It is argued that this further problem presents a decisive objection to the act-theoretic approach to propositions.
Centromeres of the yeastKomagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris)have a simple inverted-repeat structure
Authors: Coughlan Aisling Y. , Hanson Sara J. , Byrne Kevin P. , Wolfe Kenneth H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCentromere organization has evolved dramatically in one clade of fungi, the Saccharomycotina. These yeasts have lost the ability to make normal eukaryotic heterochromatin with histone H3K9 methylation, which is a major component of pericentromeric regions in other eukaryotes. Following this loss, several different types of centromere emerged, including two types of sequence-defined ("point") centromeres, and the epigenetically-defined "small regional" centromeres of Candida albicans. Here we report that centromeres of the methylotrophic yeastKomagataella phaffii(formerly calledPichia pastoris) are structurally-defined. Each of its four centromeres consists of a 2-kb inverted repeat (IR) flanking a 1-kb central core (mid) region. The four centromeres are unrelated in sequence. CenH3 (Cse4) binds strongly to the cores, with a decreasing gradient along the IRs. This mode of organization resemblesSchizosaccharomyces pombecentromeres but is much more compact and lacks the extensive flanking heterochromatic otr repeats. Different isolates ofK. phaffiishow polymorphism for the orientation of the mid regions, due to recombination in the IRs.CEN4is located within a 138-kb region that changes orientation during mating-type switching, but switching does not induce recombination of centromeric IRs. The existing genetic toolbox forK. phaffiishould facilitate analysis of the relationship between the IRs and the establishment and maintenance of centromeres in this species.
Effects of gender in library and information science research
Authors: Gul Sumeer , Shah Tariq Ahmad , Hamade Samir N. , Mushtaq Rabiya , Koul Ikrah 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis study aims to showcase the effect of gender in the field of library and information science.Design/methodology/approachResearch and review articles published from 2005 through 2014 inThe Electronic Library, a prominent journal in the field of Library and Information Science, were examined from the perspective of authors’ gender. Influence of gender was assessed with respect to at individual and collaborative levels, quality in terms of citedness and citation count, and receipt of research grants.FindingsThere has been an increase in the proportion of male authors over the years with a resulting decline in female authors. Male authors are more productive as teachers, while females contribute more as working professionals or while they peruse their academic/research programmes. Though the productivity in collaborative works has increased in all gender combinations, it is more prominent when authors of opposite gender team up. No significant difference is observed in the number of national or international works produced in different collaborative authorship patterns. There is no difference in the number of male and female authors in male–female collaborative works. Works sponsored by grants are produced more frequently in groups comprising male–female or male–male members. No significant difference is observed in the number of cited or uncited works produced in different authorship patterns. The number of citations to works is independent of the nature of gender-wise authorship patterns.Research limitations/implicationsThe study examines the status of women in research, specifically in the field of library and information science. The findings of the study are based on the contribution of the authors involved with the journal, “The Electronic Library”. Readers are encouraged to expand the study by including authors that contribute to other library and information science journals.Originality/valueThe study is first of its kind to highlight the involvement and observe the influence of female authors in the field of library and information science research.
A comparative analysis of available features and Web 2.0 tools on selected Nigerian and South African university library websites
Authors: Tella Adeyinka , Oladapo Oyegunle John 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The study aims to present a comparative analysis of available Web 2.0 tools in library websites of selected Nigerian and South African universities.

Design/methodology/approach
Content analysis was adopted as the design for the study. Twenty university library websites comprising ten top-ranking Nigerian universities and ten top-ranking South African universities were sampled for data collection. Five research questions developed and answered.

Findings
The findings show that the use of Web 2.0 tools in the selected universities is encouraging. There are more Web 2.0 tools available on the South African university library websites. The South African university libraries are ahead of their Nigerian counterparts in terms of the integration of Web 2.0 tools, e-resources and e-databases and provide platforms for easy retrieval of information by their users. There are more e-resources available on the South African university library websites compared with their Nigerian counterparts. e-Journals are the most available e-resources in the selected university library websites of both countries. Similarly, more academic e-databases are available on the South African university library websites, whereas only few are listed on the web pages of the selected Nigerian university library websites.

Research limitations/implications
Because available studies seem to ignore the possibility of comparing one university library’s website with another, conducting a study such as this will provide an insight and idea on the types of features, tools and applications to be included on university library websites. This will be useful for university whose library is planning to develop a website.

Originality/value
Because of the wide variation reported in this study concerning available tools and resources on the university library websites in South Africa and Nigeria, it is recommended that African universities should come up with a standard that will mandate universities to have a certain number of tools identified in this study on their various university websites.
What are the interpersonal antecedents of women’s network satisfaction?
Authors: Bourdil Maryline , Géraudel Mickael 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine whether women entrepreneurs are satisfied with belonging to a women’s network, as this issue is crucial for network performance and legitimacy.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested the hypotheses on a sample of 127 French women entrepreneurs who belonged to women’s networks using multiple regression analysis.FindingsThe authors showed that these women entrepreneurs were satisfied when they developed strong ties and when cliques in the network were limited. Education had a negative effect: the higher the educational level, the less satisfaction with their networks the women reported.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was small and composed only of women entrepreneurs who were members of women’s networks and not women who had left them.Practical implicationsThe survey findings suggest ways that managers can optimize network satisfaction to keep current members while continuing to add new ones: create an environment with no cliques where members can develop strong ties. This means connecting members with similar values or status and common interests, while making sure that cliques do not develop.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, satisfaction with professional women’s networks has never been studied. The authors’ highlight the role of strong ties in these networks and identify the contingent effect of cliques.
Getting acquainted with social networks and apps: Instagram’s instant appeal
Authors: Anderson Katie Elson 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The rise in the popularity of smartphone apps is hard to ignore. People are accessing information and connecting through social media on their smartphones at increasing rates.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a literature review.

Findings
Almost half of the total digital media time spent by US adults is spent on smartphone apps. Smartphone apps account for two-thirds of all growth in digital media engagement in the past two years, and those users spend the most time using social networking apps.

Originality/value
Photo apps were found to have some of the highest engagement in users, and the photo app Instagram is the second most used mobile app among US adults in the age group of 18-34 years.
Qualitative usability evaluation of databases: a case study
Authors: Iqbal Memoona , Ullah Ahsan 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to particularly define the usability regarding interface of digital library Web site. It discusses the multi-dimensional constructs of usability and methods applied in the evaluation of the usability of digital library Web site interface. The Usability of HEC National Digital Library Web site interface is measured in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, a qualitative approach, that is, focus group technique, is used. This study includes eight members in the focus group. These members were MA students from the Department of Information Management, University of the Punjab Lahore.FindingsUsability evaluation was made by using effectiveness, efficiency, learnability and satisfaction constructs. It also discovers the opinion of focus group members on the “ease of use”, “organization of information”, “terminology and labeling”, “visual attractiveness” and “mistake recovery”. “Click cost” is particularly examined.Originality/valueNo usability study has been conducted in Pakistan about the National Digital Library of HEC. This library is a very important source of electronic content for academic community. This study will explore the usability evaluation, problems faced by users and solutions to solve these problems.
CD19+CD20−CD27hiIL‐s10‐producing B cells are overrepresented in R‐CHOP‐treated DLBCL patients in complete remission
Authors: Qiu Huiying , Li Junguo , Feng Zhenjun , Yuan Joanna , Lu Jie , Hu Xiaoxia , Gao Lei , Lv Shuqing , Yang Jianmin , Chen Lei 
Published: June 2016

SummaryTreatment of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with rituximab, an anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, has resulted in significantly improved patient responses with longer event‐free intervals and higher overall survival rates. However, since rituximab depletes all CD20‐expressing cells, including noncancerous B cells, the effects of rituximab on the normal immunity of DLBCL patients under remission need to be examined. Here, we observed that DLBCL patients under remission contained significantly lower frequencies of total B cells, with a significantly overrepresented interleukin (IL)‐10‐producing B cell (B10) population in the peripheral blood. Further examination confirmed that a large fraction of B10 cells was CD20−CD27hi plasmablasts, possibly explaining the persistence of B10 cells after R‐CHOP treatment. We also observed that the percentage of B10 cells in DLBCL patients in remission gradually reduced during the first year of achieving complete remission, primarily due to the replenishment of non‐B10 B cells. Despite this, the percentage of B10 cells in DLBCL patients after 1 year of achieving complete remission was still higher than that in controls. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells cocultured with B10‐enriched B cells secreted significantly lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines IFN‐g and TNF‐a, compared to those incubated with B10‐depleted B cells. Together, our data observed a long‐lasting overrepresentation of B10 cells in DLBCL patients under remission. Whether this change could impact on the overall anti‐tumor immunity during remission requires further studies.
Assessment of diabetes care and the healthcare system in economically and transport underdeveloped rural mountain areas of western China: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Ke Linqiu , Zhang Yuwei , Wang Xiaoqian , Li Shengyong , Yang Wei , Tong Nanwei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to assess the quality of diabetes care and characteristics of the healthcare system in underdeveloped rural mountain areas of western China.MethodsQuestionnaires were used to collect data from 288 diabetic patients with a multistage cluster sampling method in Zhongjiang County (Sichuan Province) between October 2009 and April 2010. Sixty‐two village clinics, 23 town health centers, and a county central hospital were included to assess the availability of diabetes‐related medical resources, in addition to diabetes‐related medical insurance, reimbursement policies, and manpower.ResultsOf 288 patients, 38.2 % monitored their blood glucose regularly. Targets for fasting blood glucose (≤7 mmol/L) and blood pressure (≤130/80 mmHg) were achieved by 7.6 % and 9.7 % of patients, respectively. On average, each patient paid US$120 out of pocket annually for out‐patient diabetes care, with a maximum US$86 reimbursed. The county central hospital was the only healthcare facility in the county that could provide all essential diabetes‐related drugs and process‐of‐care measures and tests, except measures of HbA1c and the urinary albumin: creatinine ratio. Insulin was not available at village clinics, and only 29 % of village clinics had glucometers. “Certified” doctors were not available to provide primary care in village clinics.ConclusionsThe quality of diabetes care was quite poor in underdeveloped rural mountain areas of western China. Recommendations for further intervention research to improve diabetes healthcare include increasing investment in medical infrastructure, improving the availability of essential drugs and process measures, organizing regular diabetes patient education, and recruiting village doctors.
In Search of Robert Lovell: Poet and Pantisocrat
Authors: Jarvis Robin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRobert Lovell (1771‐1796) is known chiefly as one of the apostles of the ill‐fated Pantisocratic emigration scheme conceived by Coleridge and Southey. This essay considers Lovell's life and work in their own right. It establishes the biographical facts and builds a portrait of his character and personality. With reference to recent work on the importance of literary coteries, it re‐evaluates Lovell's role in Joseph Cottle's circle and in the cultural life of eighteenth‐century Bristol. It also undertakes a fresh assessment of Lovell's own poetry, with a particular focus on his treatment of his home city in Bristol: A Satire (1794).
Describing Self‐Care Self‐Efficacy: Definition, Measurement, Outcomes, and Implications
Authors: Eller Lucille S. , Lev Elise L. , Yuan Changrong , Watkins Ann Vreeland 
Published: June 2016

PURPOSEThe pragmatic utility method of concept analysis was used to explore the usefulness of the concept self‐care self‐efficacy.DATA SOURCESEmpirical studies across disciplines published between 1996 and 2015 were used as data.DATA SYNTHESISA data matrix was developed. Analytical questions and responses were derived from the data to understand patterns, develop new knowledge and achieve synthesis.CONCLUSIONUsefulness of the concept is contingent on how it is defined and measured. Self‐care self‐efficacy is associated with performance of self‐care activities and positive health outcomes in diverse populations.IMPLICATIONSResearch can guide development of targeted interventions to increase patients' self‐care self‐efficacy, thus reducing costs, and assisting people to achieve optimal health.