bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Techniques and Time of Sowing, Seed Rate, and Weed Management on Selcted Herbaceous Legumes Establishments in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: KanaHau Debora - , Nulik Jacob 
Published: September 2017

<p>A series of experiments on techniques and time of sowing, and weed management of legumes <em>Clitoria ternatea</em> cv Milgarra, <em>Centrosema pascuorum</em> cv Cavalcade and cv Bundey, and <em>Lablab purpureus</em> cv Highworth, was conducted in East Nusa Tenggara (in the islands of Timor, Flores, and Sumba) in order to determine proper technique and time of sowing and weed management, which would be efficient in labor use and sufficient biomass production. Treatments of sowing techniques included dibble, furrow (covered and not covered), and broadcast (harrowed and not harrowed); while sowing time consisted of early wet season (December-January), mid of wet season (February-March) and the end of wet season (April-May), while weed managements consisted of weeded and unweeded treatments. The experiments employed block randomized design with four replications using plot sizes of 3 x 4 m to 4 x 5 m, depending on the availability of land for the experiments. The results of the experiments showed that the best sowing technique with the highest plant population at 4 weeks after planting was dibbling (42 plants/m²), followed by furrow, while the lowest plant population was obtained at the broadcast technique (9-20 plants/m²). Similarly, the highest biomass production was obtained in the dibbling technique (1.75 to 2.5 tons DM/ha per harvest at 12 weeks after planting in Ende, and 4-5 ton DM/ha in Nagekeo), followed by furrow technique covered or not covered (1-1.3 tons DM/ha in Ende and 3.5-4 tons DM/ha in Nagekeo), and the lowest in broadcast technique (0.3-1 ton DM/ha in Ende and 2-2.5 ton DM/ha in Nagekeo). However, considering the labor requirement and cost, it was recommended that furrow technique to suit the small farmer practices in the region. Weed management showed that weeded treatment (keep legume cleaned of weeds) gave significantly better (P&lt;0.05) biomass production compared with to that of unweeded treatment. It can be seen also that weed had more suppressing effects on <em>Clitoria ternatea</em>, compared to that of <em>Lablab purpureus</em>, especially when the plants were sown in the early wet season.</p>
On a Class of Quasilinear Elliptic Equations with Degenerate Coerciveness and Measure Data
Authors: Smarrazzo Flavia 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We study the existence of measure-valued solutions for a class of degenerate elliptic equations with measure data. The notion of solution is natural, since it is obtained by a regularization procedure which also relies on a standard approximation of the datum μ. We provide partial uniqueness results and qualitative properties of the constructed solutions concerning, in particular, the structure of their diffuse part with respect to the harmonic-capacity.
Symmetric positive solutions for the systems of higher-order boundary value problems on time scales
Authors: Oğuz Arzu Denk , Topal Fatma Serap 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the existence of symmetric positive solutions for the systems of higher-order boundary value problems on time scales. Our results extend some recent work in the literature. The analysis of this paper mainly relies on the monotone iterative technique.
An efficient method to compute the Moore–Penrose inverse
Authors: Esmaeili Hamid , Erfanifar Raziyeh , Rashidi Mahdis 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA new Schulz-type method to compute the Moore–Penrose inverse of a matrix is proposed. Every iteration of the method involves four matrix multiplications. It is proved that this method always converge with fourth-order. A wide set of numerical comparisons of the proposed method with nine higher order methods shows that the average number of matrix multiplications and the average CPU time of our method are considerably less than those of other methods. For each of sizes{n\times n}and{n\times(n+10)},{n=200,400,600,800,1000,1200}, ten random matrices were chosen to make these comparisons.
New pathway of icariin-induced MSC osteogenesis: transcriptional activation of TAZ/Runx2 by PI3K/Akt
Authors: Zhang Guoying , Cheng Xiaofei , Zhou Gongshe , Xue Huimin , Shao Shan , Wang Zheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIcariin has been demonstrated to stimulate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogensis and activate several signals, such as PI3K/Akt, but how the osteogenesis was sequentially mediated is unclear. Runx2 is one of the osteogenic regulators in MSC and is regulated by the TAZ gene. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether icariin-activated PI3K/Akt crosstalked with the TAZ-Runx2 pathway to regulate MSC osteogenesis. Adipose-derived MSCs were treated with icariin alone, together with TAZ silencing or PI3K/Akt inhibitor. Normal MSCs were used as a control. The activation of PI3K/Akt, expression of TAZ and downstream expression of Runx2 were analyzed. Induction of MSC osteogenesis under different treatments was detected. The results demonstrated that icariin treatment significantly activated PI3K/Akt and TAZ expression, as well as the downstream Runx2 expression. When activation of PI3K/Akt by icariin was inhibited by LY294002, upregulated TAZ expression was reversed, as well as the downstream expression of Runx2. Consequently, with the osteogenic counteracting effects of icariin on MSCs, inhibition of TAZ upregulation by siRNA did not significantly influence PI3K/ Akt activation in icariin-treated MSCs, but icariin-induced upregulation of Runx2 and osteogenic differentiation in MSCs was counteracted. It could be concluded from these findings that icariin treatment activated PI3K/Akt and further mediated the transcriptional activation of the TAZ/Runx2 pathway to induce osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.
Introduction: Tracing the origin of /s/ variation
Authors: Levon Erez , Maegaard Marie , Pharao Nicolai 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper provides an introduction to the papers in this special issue on the sociophonetics of /s/. We begin by reviewing some of the principal findings on variation in the production and perception of /s/, summarizing studies in sociolinguistics, experimental phonetics, and laboratory phonology. We go on to identify similarities in the meanings associated with /s/ variation cross-linguistically, and briefly describe how theories of sound symbolism may help us to account for these patterns. We conclude this introductory article with a summary of the contributions to the special issue and a discussion of how together these articles help us to better understand that origin and trajectory of socially meaningful sociophonetic variation.
The development of gender-specific patterns in the production of voiceless sibilant fricatives in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Li Fangfang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article reports on the development of gender-specific speech patterns in Mandarin children’s production of voiceless sibilant fricatives. Ninety-four children aged from 2 to 5 (gender-balanced) participated in a word repetition task, producing a series of words beginning with fricatives. Their speech was digitally recorded and acoustically analyzed. The results indicate that gender-related differentiation in /s/ and /ɕ/ occurs around age 4 and becomes more robust at age 5. The differentiation occurs due to the more anterior articulation location that girls employ in their speech in comparison with boys. In addition, 10 adults (gender-balanced) were recorded to probe the origin of this gendered speech phenomenon. Unlike children, adults only show robust gender-related differences in /ɕ/. Results comparing the speech of adults and children suggest that gendered variation in /s/ is potentially the result of a chain shift initiated by gender-linked variation of /ɕ/. These results are discussed with respect to their ramifications for our understanding of the organization and acquisition of multiple components of children’s phonological capacity.
The embedded indexical value of /s/-fronting in Afrikaans and South African English
Authors: Bekker Ian , Levon Erez 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the indexical value of /s/-fronting in White Afrikaans and in White South African English (WSAfE). Prior research on this feature has shown that fronted articulations of /s/ in WSAfE serve as a regional and social indicator of the wealthy northern suburbs of Johannesburg, and anecdotal evidence suggests that the feature carries a similar meaning in White Afrikaans. This study therefore aims to examine whether the variable carries similar meanings across the two languages. Data are based on the evaluative reactions toward different experimental stimuli that were presented to 214 Afrikaans-English bilinguals in South Africa during a modified matched-guise task. The results indicate that /s/-fronting in a man’s voice is perceived in similar terms in White Afrikaans and WSAfE though it carries somewhat different meanings across the two languages when it occurs in a woman’s voice, a difference related in turn to different approaches to gender across the two speech communities. The results of this research, and the indexical value of /s/-fronting in the two languages, are therefore only understandable in terms of certain sociohistorical and sociological differences between the two speech communities. The article ends with some discussion relating to the possible source of the relevant similarities and differences, i.e., parallel innovation or sociophonetic transfer.
Household Grocery Budgets—An Empirical Examination of Allocation Changes Due to Household Demographics
Authors: D’Souza Giles , Tariq Ayesha , Allaway Arthur 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe authors empirically examine changes in household grocery budget allocation using IRI panel data for 2001, which track more than 4,000 panel households’ specific purchases of 31 product categories across supermarkets and drug stores, while recording total purchases for all other categories. They then use an almost ideal demand system (AIDS) model to measure the impact of household demographics on grocery budget allocation over the 31 product categories. The household demographic variables used include marital status, presence of children including small children, occupation, household size, age, and other demographics, while also using grocery-specific variables—total grocery spending, prices, and total grocery shopping frequency. They find household demographics especially occupation and family variables, do affect grocery budget allocation, and that their effect is exercised much more through prices than through the total grocery budget.
Die Uneigentlichkeit der Heldendichtung und ihre modernen Leser
Authors: Kragl Florian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMedieval literature and especially heroic poetry seem to irritate modern readers in many ways, which also poses a serious challenge to narratological description. The protagonists of heroic poetry are particularly challenging as they are usually perceived as «flat», due to their lack of psychological depth, and thus do not seem to be able to motivate the events on the storyline. Drawing on examples from the
Cuban-American Spanish revisited: sociolinguistic and pragmatic peculiarities
Authors: Fajardo José Antonio Sánchez 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article describes the sociolinguistic traits of Cuban-American Spanish, especially in south Florida. By revising already-built corpora and dictionaries, the study aims at examining the correlation between linguistic borrowing, and sociocultural and pragmatic elements in an attempt to shed more light on the concepts of Spanglish and code-switching. This revision is complemented by a historical account of Cuban-American migration, a normative study of this dialectal Spanish variant, and the collection of indigenous multiword phrases. Some of the earlier findings indicate that Cuban-American Spanish reflects the variability of this form of Spanglish as its usage and conventions are highly reliant on the pragmatic features of Cuban-American Spanish speakers. Culturally speaking, Miami-based Spanish reveals the existence of a differentiating sentiment, which contrasts with the inevitably assimilated American codes, i.e. a strong sense of bicultural identity.
Development of Virtual Visual Sensor Applications for Wood Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Walker K. , Miller T. H. , Gupta R. , Shariati A. , Schumacher T. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Inspection techniques for wood structures are typically based on visual observations of degradation, and often limited to localized observable surface damage on the structure, rather than holistic non-destructive evaluations. Hidden deterioration and overall impacts of distributed damage may not be included in the assessment. This research evaluates the implementation of Eulerian-based virtual visual sensors (VVS), applying commercially available digital video cameras, to characterize dynamic structural response of wood structures. Natural vibration frequencies are determined by monitoring the intensity value of a single fixed pixel coordinate over a few seconds of a video of structural vibration and then applying a fast Fourier transform to estimate signal frequencies. Changes in stiffness and mass of materials and structural systems that may relate to deterioration are reflected in the natural frequencies. The end goal is development and application of VVS to wood structures to obtain information relevant to objective structural health monitoring (SHM). In this development phase, the effects of moisture content and simulated damage on natural frequencies are observed on simply supported beams of dimensional lumber. Initial applications are also made to an in-place U.S. Forest Service pedestrian bridge. Results show comparable accuracy in determining vibrational frequencies with VVS and a commercially available transverse vibration measurement system, successful observation of vibrational frequencies in a timber bridge, and beneficial use of naturally occurring color gradients in wood structures in laboratory and field tests. Moisture content and simulated damage have measurable effects on natural frequencies. Eulerian-based VVS show potential as a tool for cost-effective SHM of wood structures, especially for quick, global screening of structures, with subsequent visual inspection and other means of evaluation.
MEG Insight into the Spectral Dynamics Underlying Steady Isometric Muscle Contraction
Authors: Bourguignon Mathieu , Piitulainen Harri , Smeds Eero , Zhou Guangyu , Jousmäki Veikko , Hari Riitta 
Published: September 2017

To gain fundamental knowledge on how the brain controls motor actions, we studied in detail the interplay between MEG signals from the primary sensorimotor (SM1) cortex and the contraction force of 17 healthy adult humans (7 females, 10 males). SM1 activity was coherent at ∼20 Hz with surface electromyogram (as already extensively reported) but also with contraction force. In both cases, the effective coupling was dominant in the efferent direction. Across subjects, the level of ∼20 Hz coherence between cortex and periphery positively correlated with the “burstiness” of ∼20 Hz SM1 (Pearsonr≈ 0.65) and peripheral fluctuations (r≈ 0.9). Thus, ∼20 Hz coherence between cortex and periphery is tightly linked to the presence of ∼20 Hz bursts in SM1 and peripheral activity. However, the very high correlation with peripheral fluctuations suggests that the periphery is the limiting factor. At frequencies <3 Hz, both SM1 signals and ∼20 Hz SM1 envelope were coherent with both force and its absolute change rate. The effective coupling dominated in the efferent direction between (1) force and the ∼20 Hz SM1 envelope and (2) the absolute change rate of the force and SM1 signals. Together, our data favor the view that ∼20 Hz coherence between cortex and periphery during isometric contraction builds on the presence of ∼20 Hz SM1 oscillations and needs not rely on feedback from the periphery. They also suggest that effective cortical proprioceptive processing operates at <3 Hz frequencies, even during steady isometric contractions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAccurate motor actions are made possible by continuous communication between the cortex and spinal motoneurons, but the neurophysiological basis of this communication is poorly understood. Using MEG recordings in humans maintaining steady isometric muscle contractions, we found evidence that the cortex sends population-level motor commands that tend to structure according to the ∼20 Hz sensorimotor rhythm, and that it dynamically adapts these commands based on the <3 Hz fluctuations of proprioceptive feedback. To our knowledge, this is the first report to give a comprehensive account of how the human brain dynamically handles the flow of proprioceptive information and converts it into appropriate motor command to keep the contraction force steady.
Identification of Two Classes of Somatosensory Neurons That Display Resistance to Retrograde Infection by Rabies Virus
Authors: Albisetti Gioele W. , Ghanem Alexander , Foster Edmund , Conzelmann Karl-Klaus , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich , Wildner Hendrik 
Published: September 2017

Glycoprotein-deleted rabies virus-mediated monosynaptic tracing has become a standard method for neuronal circuit mapping, and is applied to virtually all parts of the rodent nervous system, including the spinal cord and primary sensory neurons. Here we identified two classes of unmyelinated sensory neurons (nonpeptidergic and C-fiber low-threshold mechanoreceptor neurons) resistant to direct and trans-synaptic infection from the spinal cord with rabies viruses that carry glycoproteins in their envelopes and that are routinely used for infection of CNS neurons (SAD-G and N2C-G). However, the same neurons were susceptible to infection with EnvA-pseudotyped rabies virus in tumor virus A receptor transgenic mice, indicating that resistance to retrograde infection was due to impaired virus adsorption rather than to deficits in subsequent steps of infection. These results demonstrate an important limitation of rabies virus-based retrograde tracing of sensory neurons in adult mice, and may help to better understand the molecular machinery required for rabies virus spread in the nervous system. In this study, mice of both sexes were used.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo understand the neuronal bases of behavior, it is important to identify the underlying neural circuitry. Rabies virus-based monosynaptic tracing has been used to identify neuronal circuits in various parts of the nervous system. This has included connections between peripheral sensory neurons and their spinal targets. These connections form the first synapse in the somatosensory pathway. Here we demonstrate that two classes of unmyelinated sensory neurons, which account for >40% of dorsal root ganglia neurons, display resistance to rabies infection. Our results are therefore critical for interpreting monosynaptic rabies-based tracing in the sensory system. In addition, identification of rabies-resistant neurons might provide a means for future studies addressing rabies pathobiology.
Phillipson’s Linguistic Imperialism Revisited at the light of Latin American Decoloniality Approach
Authors: Barrantes-Montero Luis Guillermo 
Published: September 2017

A summary of the book Linguistic Imperialism, by Phillipson (1992)2 is presented here. The purpose is to highlight its current scope and permanent values in consonance with intuitions, criticism and alternatives proposed by Latin America Modernity/coloniality Group. Criteria of analysis are based on a re-reading of the work in the light of the decolonial perspective, with the aim of proposing pedagogical insights which guide language and literature teachers in approaching their study contents with a critical vision. The idea is to remark the role of English Language Teaching for the maintenance of power structures and for its potential for creating new epistemological approaches to language teaching and learning. An epistemological turnaround in the linguistic formation of future educational personnel is a must for that end.
Chronic Auditory Toxicity in Late Preterm and Term Infants With Significant Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Amin Sanjiv B. , Saluja Satish , Saili Arvind , Orlando Mark , Wang Hongyue , Laroia Nirupama , Agarwal Asha 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Significant hyperbilirubinemia (SHB) may cause chronic auditory toxicity (auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder and/or sensorineural hearing loss); however, total serum bilirubin (TSB) does not discriminate neonates at risk for auditory toxicity. Our objective was to compare TSB, bilirubin albumin molar ratio (BAMR), and unbound bilirubin (UB) for their association with chronic auditory toxicity in neonates with SHB (TSB ≥20 mg/dL or TSB that met criteria for exchange transfusion).

METHODS:
Infants ≥34 weeks’ gestational age (GA) with SHB during the first 2 postnatal weeks were eligible for a prospective longitudinal study in India. Comprehensive auditory evaluations were performed at 2 to 3 months of age by using auditory brainstem response, tympanometry, and an otoacoustic emission test and at 9 to 12 months of age by using audiometry. The evaluations were performed by an audiologist unaware of the degree of jaundice.

RESULTS:
A total of 93 out of 100 infants (mean GA of 37.4 weeks; 55 boys, 38 girls) who were enrolled with SHB were evaluated for auditory toxicity. Of those, 12 infants (13%) had auditory toxicity. On regression analysis controlling for covariates, peak UB (but not peak TSB or peak BAMR), was associated with auditory toxicity (odds ratio 2.41; 95% confidence interval: 1.43–4.07; P = .001). There was significant difference in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves between UB (0.866), TSB (0.775), and BAMR (0.724) for auditory toxicity (P = .03) after controlling for covariates.

CONCLUSIONS:
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia indexed by UB (but not TSB or BAMR) is associated with chronic auditory toxicity in infants ≥34 weeks’ GA with SHB.
Algumas considerações a propósito do lançamento do Portal do Mutirão do Brasileirismo Comunicacional (PMBC)
Authors: De Melo José Marques 
Published: September 2017

Trata-se de aventura intelectual que me tem fascinado desde os tempos de estudante de graduação, quando tive consciência da Babel terminológica em que me estava me embrenhando, numa área cognitiva em processo de constituição. Concluí o bacharelado em Jornalismo, atônito e confuso ao verificar que o linguajar empregado pelos meus professores das disciplinas “básicas” diferia, quando não divergia, dos significados implícitos no conteúdo das matérias “técnicas”, produzindo calafrios cognitivos.
Auxiliarul de perfect compus o din graiul moldovenesc. Diacronie și sincronie
Authors: Botez Mădălina , Dragomirescu Adina 
Published: September 2017

Scopul acestui articol este acela de a analiza auxiliarul de perfect compus o din graiul moldovenesc. Analiza este precedată de o discuție despre originea, datarea, localizarea și evoluția formei o în limba română pînă în secolul al XIX-lea. Deși conform bibliografiei și atlaselor lingvistice, forma o este generală în Moldova, studiul nostru de corpus va arăta că alături de forma o se folosesc, sub influența limbii standard, și formele a și au, și că există o tendință de specializare a formei o pentru contextele cu cliticizare multiplă.
Analiza noastră—care contribuie la înțelegerea interfeței fonologie-morfologie—poate fi extinsă la studiul altor varietăți teritoriale ale românei.