bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient tax competition under the origin principle
Authors: Gauthier Stéphane 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper studies fiscal competition under the origin principle. It identifies a pattern of consumers' taste heterogeneity under which the first‐best world social optimum arises as a noncooperative Nash equilibrium. Consumers' tastes are characterized by the strength of their preference for home and foreign goods. Nash implementation of the first‐best obtains when in every tax jurisdiction the number of consumers who display a home bias (those consumers who prefer purchasing the home good to shopping abroad at equal prices) equals, for every magnitude of the home bias, the number of consumers who display an “import bias” (those who instead prefer shopping abroad) equal in magnitude.
Cloning and characterization of nitrate reductase gene in Ulva prolifera (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Guo Yang , Wang Hao Zhe , Wu Chun Hui , Fu Hui Hui , Jiang Peng 
Published: June 2017

Ulva spp. dominates green tides around the world, which are occurring at an accelerated rate. The competitive nitrogen assimilation efficiency in Ulva is suggested to result in ecological success against other seaweeds. However, molecular characterization of genes involved in nitrogen assimilation has not been conducted. Here, we describe the identification of the nitrate reductase (NR) gene from a green seaweed Ulva prolifera, an alga which is responsible for the world's largest green tide in the Yellow Sea. Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends and genome walking, the NR gene from U. prolifera (UpNR) was cloned, which consisted of six introns and seven exons encoding 863 amino acids. According to sequence alignment, the NR in U. prolifera was shown to possess all five essential domains and 21 key invariant residues in plant NRs. The GC content of third codon position of UpNR (82.75%) was as high as those of green microalgae, and the intron number supported a potential loss issue from green microalga to land plant. Real‐time quantitative PCR results showed that UpNR transcript level was induced by nitrate and repressed by ammonium, which could not be removed by addition of extra nitrate, indicating that U. prolifera preferred ammonium to nitrate. Urea would not repress NR transcription by itself, while it weakened the induction effect of nitrate, implying it possibly inhibited nitrate uptake rather than nitrate reduction. These results suggest the use of UpNR as a gene‐sensor to probe the N assimilation process in green tides caused by Ulva.
Rupture of a medial striate artery aneurysm associated with spontaneous middle cerebral artery stenosis
Authors: Mitsutake Akihiko , Hideyama Takuto , Totsuka Ryo , Sato Tatsuya , Katsumata Junko , Seki Tomonari , Maekawa Risa , Ito Shoichi , Kishida Yukiko , Kure Shigeo , Shiio Yasushi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA 77‐year‐old man presented with left basal ganglia hematoma. Magnetic resonance angiography showed severe stenosis of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA), which had already been detected 7 years earlier. He had been free of symptoms caused by the stenosis. The hematoma was found to be caused by a rupture of a medial striate artery aneurysm. We suspected that this aneurysm formation was associated with the MCA stenosis, and that the underlying mechanism of MCA stenosis was similar to that of moyamoya disease. A genetic analysis of a variant in RING finger protein 213, a susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease, was negative, but other variants might be responsible for the MCA stenosis.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in congenital disorders: A single‐center experience
Authors: Faraci Maura , Giardino Stefano , Bagnasco Francesca , Morreale Giuseppe , Terranova M. Paola , Di Martino Daniela , Lanino Edoardo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is the treatment of choice for a variety of congenital disorders. We report the experience of children affected by congenital diseases other than bone marrow failure syndromes who received allo‐HSCT over a period of 25 years at G. Gaslini Paediatric Research Institute. HSCTs were performed in 57 children with congenital diseases (25 with congenital immunodeficiencies, 10 with severe combined immunodeficiencies, and 22 with metabolic diseases). Overall survival rate at 3 years in the whole group of patients was 76.9%, with a trend in favor of better outcome in children with metabolic diseases and in those who received cord blood cells (85.9%) vs bone marrow cells (72.4%).
In‐season changes in heart rate recovery are inversely related to time to exhaustion but not aerobic capacity in rowers
Authors: Haraldsdottir K. , Brickson S. , Sanfilippo J. , Dunn W. , Watson A. 
Published: June 2017

To determine if in‐season changes in heart rate recovery (HRR) are related to aerobic fitness and performance in collegiate rowers. Twenty‐two female collegiate rowers completed testing before and after their competitive season. Body fat percentage (BF%) was determined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) and time to exhaustion (Tmax) were determined during maximal rowing ergometer testing followed by 1 minute of recovery. HRR was expressed absolutely and as a percentage of maximal HR (HRR%1 min). Variables were compared using paired Wilcoxon tests. Multivariable regression models were used to predict in‐season changes in HRR using changes in VO2max and Tmax, while accounting for changes in BF%. From preseason to post‐season, VO2max and BF% decreased (3.98±0.42 vs 3.78±0.35 L/min, P=.002 and 23.8±3.4 vs 21.3±3.9%, P<.001, respectively), while Tmax increased (11.7±1.3 vs 12.6±1.3 min, P=.002), and HRR%1 min increased (11.1±2.7 vs 13.8±3.8, P=.001). In‐season changes in VO2max were not associated with HRR%1 min (P>.05). In‐season changes in Tmax were related to changes in HRR%1 min (β=−1.67, P=.006). In‐season changes in BF% were not related to changes in HRR (P>.05 for all). HRR1 min and HRR%1 min were faster preseason to post‐season, although the changes were unrelated to VO2max. Faster HRR%1 min post‐season was inversely related to changes in Tmax. This suggests that HRR should not be used as a measure of aerobic capacity in collegiate rowers, but is a promising measure of training status in this population.
Characteristics of acute groin injuries in the adductor muscles: A detailed MRI study in athletes
Authors: Serner A. , Weir A. , Tol J. L. , Thorborg K. , Roemer F. , Guermazi A. , Yamashiro E. , Hölmich P. 
Published: June 2017

Acute adductor injuries account for the majority of acute groin injuries; however, little is known about specific injury characteristics, which could be important for the understanding of etiology and management of these injuries. The study aim was to describe acute adductor injuries in athletes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Male athletes with acute groin pain and an MRI confirmed acute adductor muscle injury were prospectively included. MRI was performed within 7 days of injury using a standardized protocol and a reliable assessment approach. 156 athletes presented with acute groin pain of which 71 athletes were included, median age 27 years (range 18‐37). There were 46 isolated muscle injuries and 25 athletes with multiple adductor injuries. In total, 111 acute adductor muscle injuries were recorded; 62 adductor longus, 18 adductor brevis, 17 pectineus, 9 obturator externus, 4 gracilis, and 1 adductor magnus injury. Adductor longus injuries occurred at three main injury locations; proximal insertion (26%), intramuscular musculo‐tendinous junction (MTJ) of the proximal tendon (26%) and the MTJ of the distal tendon (37%). Intramuscular tendon injury was seen in one case. At the proximal insertion, 12 of 16 injuries were complete avulsions. This study shows that acute adductor injuries generally occur in isolation from other muscle groups. Adductor longus is the most frequently injured muscle in isolation and in combination with other adductor muscle injuries. Three characteristic adductor longus injury locations were observed on MRI, with avulsion injuries accounting for three‐quarters of injuries at the proximal insertion, and intramuscular tendon injury was uncommon.
Cross‐country skiing movement factorization to explore relationships between skiing economy and athletes' skills
Authors: Pellegrini B. , Zoppirolli C. , Boccia G. , Bortolan L. , Schena F. 
Published: June 2017

We investigated the relationships between the biomechanics of the double poling (DP) technique in cross‐country skiing, its economy, and athletes' skill. To this aim, skiers' motion has been factorized into components through principal component analysis (PCA). Eight high‐level (HL) and eight regional level (RL) male cross‐country skiers performed a 5‐minute submaximal DP trial while roller skiing on a treadmill at 14 km h−1 and 2° incline. Whole‐body kinematics was recorded with a motion capture system. PCA was applied to markers coordinates to extract principal movements (PMk), which were ranked by their variance. Energy cost (EC) of locomotion was calculated from ergospirometric measurements. Results showed that 96.7%±0.6% of total skiing pattern variance can be described with the first three PMk. (Shoulder and trunk flexion‐extension are described PM1 and PM2 and elbow flexion‐extension are mainly represented in PM2 and PM3. The variance of further components, consisting of residual movements (eg, slow postural changes or high‐frequency vibrations), was greater for the RL than the HL skiers (4.0%±0.5% vs 2.6%±0.3%; P<.001) and was positively correlated with EC (R2=.646; P<.001). PCA permitted to describe the biomechanics of the DP technique through a limited set of principal movements. Skiing skills and economy appeared to be related to a skier's ability to simplify movement complexity, suggesting that an efficient skier is better able to reduce superfluous movement components during DP.
<b>Trematode infestation in coral colonies at Poshitra Reef, Gulf of Kachchh Marine National Park, Gujarat, India</b>
Authors: Adhavan D. , Chandran R. , Tikadar S. , Sivakumar K. 
Published: June 2017

Some colonies of Porites sp. at Poshitra Reef were spotted with pink swollen nodules. These nodules are termed as a condition called “Porites trematodiasis” which is due to an infection of digenetic trematodes. The temperature fluctuation and anthropogenic pressures are perhaps the reasons. This situation indicates that if the corals fail to develop disease resistance and thermal tolerance, the reefs along the Indian subcontinent may experience a phase shift in community structure, which could impact fisheries.
<b>Four species of Commelinaceae, as additions to Andhra Pradesh, India</b>
Authors: Salamma S. , Naik M. Chennakesavulu , Kumar M. Anil , Sreenath A. , Rao Ravi Prasad 
Published: June 2017

Cyanotis vaga and Murdannia nimmoniana collected from Horsley Hills in Chittoor District; Cyanotis villosa collected from Horsley Hills in Chittoor District and Penchalakona in Nellore District; Cyanotis burmanniana collected from Tyda forests in Visakhapatnam District are new distributional records for the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Cyanotis vaga is recorded for the first time from southern Peninsular India. Description, phenology, distribution, voucher specimen information and photographs are provided for all the species.
<b>Identity of <I>Sphaerotheca pluvialis</I> (Jerdon, 1853) and other available names among the burrowing frogs (Anura: Dicroglossidae) of South Asia</b>
Authors: Dahanukar Neelesh , Sulakhe Shauri , Padhye Anand 
Published: June 2017

Species diversity of South Asian burrowing frogs within the genus Sphaerotheca is still obscure because of lack of taxonomic review. There are taxonomic issues within the genus Sphaerotheca with several names being synonymized to S. breviceps and names, such as S. pluvialis, being available without proper diagnosis. To resolve the taxonomic confusion, we describe and diagnose S. pluvialis by designating a neotype from Carnatic region of southern India, from where the original species was described, and make S. fodiens as its objective synonym. We designate lectotype of S. breviceps and provide diagnosis for separating the species from its congeners. We clarify the identity of S. dobsonii and resurrect S. swani and S. maskeyi. Based on morphology we define three groups within genus Sphaerotheca and provide key to the groups and eight valid species in the genus. We assign genetic barcodes to S. pluvialis, S. dobsonii and S. breviceps.
Targeting AGGF1 (angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1) for Blocking Neointimal Formation After Vascular Injury
Authors: Yao Yufeng , Hu Zhenkun , Ye Jian , Hu Changqing , Song Qixue , Da Xingwen , Yu Yubin , Li Hui , Xu Chengqi , Chen Qiuyun , Wang Qing Kenneth 
Published: June 2017

Background

Despite recent improvements in angioplasty and placement of drug‐eluting stents in treatment of atherosclerosis, restenosis and in‐stent thrombosis impede treatment efficacy and cause numerous deaths. Research efforts are needed to identify new molecular targets for blocking restenosis. We aim to establish angiogenic factor
AGGF
1 (angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1) as a novel target for blocking neointimal formation and restenosis after vascular injury.

Methods and Results

AGGF
1 shows strong expression in carotid arteries; however, its expression is markedly decreased in arteries after vascular injury.
AGGF
1
+/−
mice show increased neointimal formation accompanied with increased proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (
VSMC
s) in carotid arteries after vascular injury. Importantly,
AGGF
1 protein therapy blocks neointimal formation after vascular injury by inhibiting the proliferation and promoting phenotypic switching of
VSMC
s to the contractile phenotype in mice in vivo. In vitro,
AGGF
1 significantly inhibits
VSMC
s proliferation and decreases the cell numbers at the S phase.
AGGF
1 also blocks platelet‐derived growth factor‐
BB
–induced proliferation, migration of
VSMC
s, increases expression of cyclin D, and decreases expression of p21 and p27.
AGGF
1 inhibits phenotypic switching of
VSMC
s to the synthetic phenotype by countering the inhibitory effect of platelet‐derived growth factor‐
BB
on
SRF
expression and the formation of the myocardin/
SRF
/
CA
rG‐box complex involved in activation of
VSMC
s markers. Finally, we show that
AGGF
1 inhibits platelet‐derived growth factor‐
BB
–induced phosphorylation of
MEK
1/2,
ERK
1/2, and Elk phosphorylation involved in the phenotypic switching of
VSMC
s, and that overexpression of Elk abolishes the effect of
AGGF
1.

Conclusions

AGGF
1 protein therapy is effective in blocking neointimal formation after vascular injury by regulating a novel
AGGF
1‐
MEK
1/2‐
ERK
1/2‐Elk‐myocardin‐
SRF
/p27 signaling pathway.
Two Issues Concerning Surface Frontogenesis
Authors: Mak Mankin , Lu Yi , Deng Yi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWith the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model specifically configured to simulate the intensification and evolution of an extratropical baroclinic wave, this study first investigates why cold fronts are characteristically longer, narrower, and more intense than warm fronts in the extratropical atmosphere. It is found that the differential thermal advection by the geostrophic and ageostrophic wind components in the two frontal regions results in a greater thermal contrast across the cold front. The length of the cold front is essentially the length scale of the intensifying baroclinic wave (i.e., on the order of radius of deformation). The frontal system as a whole moves eastward under the influence of a steering flow. In addition, the cold front outpaces the warm front eastward, making the western portion of the warm front progressively occluded and the eastern portion of the warm front shorter. The dynamical processes tend to move the cold front eastward, whereas the diabatic heating processes tend to move it westward, contributing to the narrowness of the cold front.This study also investigates whether, how, and why an upper-level front (ULF) would synergistically interact with a surface front (SF). It is found that a favorable circumstance for such interaction to occur in an observed extratropical cyclone and in the WRF Model simulation is when the ULF and SF are roughly parallel to one another with the ULF aloft located a few hundred kilometers to the west of the SF. The relative importance of “forcing” for the ageostrophic circulation associated with the geostrophic circulation, diabatic heating, and friction are diagnosed in such interaction.
Ice Nucleation Parameterization and Relative Humidity Distribution in Idealized Squall-Line Simulations
Authors: Diao Minghui , Bryan George H. , Morrison Hugh , Jensen Jorgen B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOutput from idealized simulations of a squall line are compared with in situ aircraft-based observations from the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry campaign. Relative humidity distributions around convection are compared between 1-Hz aircraft observations (≈250-m horizontal scale) and simulations using a double-moment bulk microphysics scheme at three horizontal grid spacings: Δx = 0.25, 1, and 4 km. The comparisons focus on the horizontal extent of ice supersaturated regions (ISSRs), the maximum and average relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) in ISSRs, and the ice microphysical properties during cirrus cloud evolution, with simulations at 0.25 and 1 km providing better results than the 4-km simulation. Within the ISSRs, all the simulations represent the dominant contributions of water vapor horizontal heterogeneities to ISSR formation on average, but with larger variabilities in such contributions than the observations. The best results are produced by a Δx = 0.25-km simulation with the RHi threshold for initiating ice nucleation increased to 130%, which improves almost all the ISSR characteristics and allows for larger magnitude and frequency of ice supersaturation (ISS) > 8%. This simulation also allows more occurrences of clear-sky ISSRs and a higher spatial fraction of ISS for in-cloud conditions, which are consistent with the observations. These improvements are not reproduced by modifying other ice microphysical processes, such as a factor-of-2 reduction in the ice nuclei concentration; a factor-of-10 reduction in the vapor deposition rate; turning off heterogeneous contact and immersion freezing; or turning off homogeneous freezing of liquid water.
The Recent Increase in the Occurrence of a Boreal Summer Teleconnection and Its Relationship with Temperature Extremes
Authors: Lee Min-Hee , Lee Sukyoung , Song Hyo-Jong , Ho Chang-Hoi 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study has investigated the relationship between temperature extremes and a subseasonal hemispheric teleconnection pattern over the Northern Hemisphere during boreal summer. By applying self-organizing map (SOM) analysis to 200-hPa geopotential fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) for the period 1979–2012, a teleconnection pattern is identified that increased dramatically in its occurrence after the late 1990s. This pattern is characterized by a zonal wavenumber-5 pattern with anomalous high pressure cores over eastern Europe, northeastern Asia, the eastern North Pacific, the eastern United States, and Greenland. These high pressure centers coincide with regions of increasingly frequent temperature extremes in recent decades. To investigate the temporal evolution of the identified SOM pattern, time-lagged composites were performed relative to the days in which the 200-hPa geopotential field most closely resembled the SOM pattern. From day −10 to day 0, a wave train propagated from the central tropical Pacific to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Greenland. This poleward wave propagation was followed by the establishment of quasi-stationary high pressure centers over Greenland, Europe, and Asia. This study suggests that more frequent occurrence of the hemispheric teleconnection is linked to more severe and longer extreme weather events over the Northern Hemisphere since the late 1990s.
Influences of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation on Heat Waves in Monsoon Asia
Authors: Hsu Pang-Chi , Lee June-Yi , Ha Kyung-Ja , Tsou Chih-Hua 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
By analyzing observation-based high-resolution surface air temperature (SAT) data over the Asian monsoon region (here called “monsoon Asia”) for 1981–2007, the modulation by boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) of heat wave (HW) occurrence is examined. Strong SAT variability and a high probability of HW occurrence on intraseasonal time scales are found consistently in the densely populated regions over central India (CI), the Yangtze River valley in China (YR), Japan (JP), and the Korean Peninsula (KP). The two distinct BSISO modes (30–60-day BSISO1 and 10–30-day BSISO2) show different contributions to HW occurrence in monsoon Asia. A significant increase in HW occurrence over CI (YR) is observed during phases 2–3 (8–1) of BSISO2 when the 10–30-day anticyclonic and descending anomaly induce enhanced upward thermal heating and sensible heat flux (warm advection) around the areas. On the other hand, the northeastward propagating BSISO1 is closely connected to the increased HW probability over JP and KP. During phases 7–8 of BSISO1, the 30–60-day subsidence along with the low-level anticyclonic anomaly moves into northeastern Asia, leading to enhanced diabatic (adiabatic) warming near surface in JP (KP). Analysis of a three-dimensional streamfunction tendency equation indicates that diabatic cooling induced by the BSISO-related suppressed convections is the main forcing term of anticyclonic anomaly although it is largely offset by the decreased static stability associated with adiabatic warming. The BSISO-related vorticity advection leads to an anticyclonic (cyclonic) tendency to the northwestern (southeastern) part of the center of anticyclonic anomaly, favoring northwestward development of the BSISO anomalous circulations and thus providing a favorable condition for HW occurrence over the western Pacific–East Asia sector.
Reforecasting the ENSO Events in the Past 57 Years (1958–2014)
Authors: Huang Bohua , Shin Chul-Su , Shukla J. , Marx Lawrence , Balmaseda Magdalena A. , Halder Subhadeep , Dirmeyer Paul , Kinter James L. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A set of ensemble seasonal reforecasts for 1958–2014 is conducted using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System, version 2. In comparison with other current reforecasts, this dataset extends the seasonal reforecasts to the 1960s–70s. Direct comparison of the predictability of the ENSO events occurring during the 1960s–70s with the more widely studied ENSO events since then demonstrates the seasonal forecast system’s capability in different phases of multidecadal variability and degrees of global climate change. A major concern for a long reforecast is whether the seasonal reforecasts before 1979 provide useful skill when observations, particularly of the ocean, were sparser. This study demonstrates that, although the reforecasts have lower skill in predicting SST anomalies in the North Pacific and North Atlantic before 1979, the prediction skill of the onset and development of ENSO events in 1958–78 is comparable to that for 1979–2014. In particular, the ENSO predictions initialized in April during 1958–78 show higher skill in the summer. However, the skill of the earlier predictions declines faster in the ENSO decaying phase, because the reforecasts initialized after boreal summer persistently predict lingering wind and SST anomalies over the eastern equatorial Pacific during such events. Reforecasts initialized in boreal fall overestimate the peak SST anomalies of strong El Niño events since the 1980s. Both phenomena imply that the model’s air–sea feedback is overly active in the eastern Pacific before ENSO event termination. Whether these differences are due to changes in the observing system or are associated with flow-dependent predictability remains an open question.