bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizational factors associated with less use of restraints in older adults with dementia in acute care hospitals: A scoping review
Authors: Makino Mayumi , Kato Mayumi , Naruse Sanae , Yoshie Yukari , Eda Koji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveDementia affects more than 55 million people worldwide. Use of restraints for hospitalized older adults with dementia is a social issue that should be addressed systematically and should not depend on the characteristics of nurses. This study reviewed the literature on organizational factors associated with reducing use of restraints in older adults with dementia admitted to acute care hospitals.MethodsA scoping review was performed. Three databases were searched for papers that met our eligibility criteria. Factors related to restraint reduction were extracted, and results were deduced. Through inductive analysis, subthemes were categorized according to similarities and differences, which were then integrated into broader themes.ResultsSixteen studies were eligible for inclusion. The prevalence of restraints ranged from 5.1% to 80.0% depending on how the meaning of restraint was interpreted. The most common indications for restraints were history of falls and fall risk. Interdisciplinary screening for restraints was associated with reduced prevalence of restraints, with a 0.18‐fold (confidence interval [CI]: 0.12–0.24) reduction through use of a restraint decision flowchart and a 0.76‐fold (CI: 0.63–0.92) reduction through consultation with a psychiatrist. Interdisciplinary members included nurses, physicians, clinical psychologists, pharmacists, respiratory therapists, and therapists.ConclusionsResearch is needed to introduce and develop an interdisciplinary restraint decision‐making system and to test its effectiveness. Important factors in implementing alternatives to restraints are the harmful effects of restraints, expertise in dementia, regular education on alternative methods, an inpatient environment that ensures patient safety, and the development of human resources.
Barriers and facilitators to bridging the healthcare digital divide for the older adults: A qualitative research from patients in China
Authors: Liu Fei , Yin Xiaobing , Huang Yuting , Zhu Xiaoping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators underlying the healthcare digital divide by using qualitative methodologies, integrated with the Capabilities, Opportunities, Motivations, and Behaviors (COM‐B) as well as the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) theoretical frameworks.MethodsTo conduct a thorough analysis, semi‐structured，in‐depth interviews were orchestrated among a cohort of older patients who had experiences with digital healthcare systems. Data were meticulously analyzed via Colaizzi's seven‐step methodological procedure.ResultsNine barriers were elucidated, including physical limitation, inadequate training and support, self‐imposed denial, failure to rebuild the digital healthcare environment, equipment constraints, deficits in communication and feedback, skepticism regarding data accuracy and validity, sense of social deprivation, and network information boycott. Conversely, eleven facilitators were identified, encompassing peer modeling, availability of training and support, reconstructive efforts toward the digital healthcare environment, mandatory usage, familial influence, media impact, scientific publicity and education, enhancement of self‐efficacy, sense of social participation, perceived convenience, and access to healthful information.ConclusionBased on the COM‐B and BCW models, healthcare organizations may be able to improve their digital healthcare support systems (capabilities), technical design, network speed, and equipment configuration (opportunities), as well as focus on “human‐computer integration,” the parallel existence of digital technology and humanistic care, and taking into account the issues of information security, accuracy, and human rights equality (motivation) while benefiting the patients, in order to bridge the healthcare digital divide for the older adults.
Lack of a genetic risk continuum between pubertal timing in the general population and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Plummer Lacey , Balasubramanian Ravikumar , Stamou Maria , Campbell Mark , Dewan Pranav , Bryant Nora , Salnikov Kathryn , Lippincott Margaret , Seminara Stephanie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPubertal timing is a highly heritable trait in the general population. Recently, a large‐scale exome‐wide association study has implicated rare variants in six genes (KDM4C, MC3R, MKRN3, PDE10A, TACR3, and ZNF483) as genetic determinants of pubertal timing within the general population. Two of the genes (TACR3, MKRN3) are already implicated in extreme disorders of pubertal timing. This observation suggests that there may be a pervasive “genetic risk continuum” wherein genes that govern pubertal timing in the general population, by extension, may also be causal for rare Mendelian disorders of pubertal timing. Hence, we hypothesized that the four novel genes linked to pubertal timing in the population will also contribute to idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), a genetic disorder characterized by absent puberty. Exome sequencing data from 1322 unrelated IHH probands were reviewed for rare sequence variants (RSVs) (minor allele frequency bins: <1%; <0.1%; <0.01%) in the six genes linked to puberty in the general population. A gene‐based rare variant association testing (RVAT) was performed between the IHH cohort and a reference public genomic sequences repository—the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). As expected, RVAT analysis showed that RSVs in TACR3, a known IHH gene, were significantly enriched in the IHH cohort compared to gnomAD cohort across all three MAF bins. However, RVAT analysis of the remaining five genes failed to show any RSV enrichment in the IHH cohort across all MAF bins. Our findings argue strongly against a pervasive genetic risk continuum between pubertal timing in the general population and extreme pubertal phenotypes. The biologic basis of such distinct genetic architectures' merits further evaluation.
Deep Learning‐Based Image Classification and Segmentation on Digital Histopathology for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Pirayesh Zeynab , Mohammad‐Rahimi Hossein , Ghasemi Nikoo , Motamedian Saeed‐Reza , Sadeghi Terme Sarrafan , Koohi Hediye , Rokhshad Rata , Lotfi Shima Moradian , Najafi Anahita , Alajaji Shahd A. , Khoury Zaid H. , Jessri Maryam , Sultan Ahmed S. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI)‐based tools have shown promise in histopathology image analysis in improving the accuracy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) detection with intent to reduce human error.ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated deep learning (DL) models for OSCC detection on histopathology images by assessing common diagnostic performance evaluation metrics for AI‐based medical image analysis studies.MethodsDiagnostic accuracy studies that used DL models for the analysis of histopathological images of OSCC compared to the reference standard were analyzed. Six databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, ArXiv, and IEEE) were screened for publications without any time limitation. The QUADAS‐2 tool was utilized to assess quality. The meta‐analyses included only studies that reported true positives (TP), true negatives (TN), false positives (FP), and false negatives (FN) in their test sets.ResultsOf 1267 screened studies, 17 studies met the final inclusion criteria. DL methods such as image classification (n = 11) and segmentation (n = 3) were used, and some studies used combined methods (n = 3). On QUADAS‐2 assessment, only three studies had a low risk of bias across all applicability domains. For segmentation studies, 0.97 was reported for accuracy, 0.97 for sensitivity, 0.98 for specificity, and 0.92 for Dice. For classification studies, accuracy was reported as 0.99, sensitivity 0.99, specificity 1.0, Dice 0.95, F1 score 0.98, and AUC 0.99. Meta‐analysis showed pooled estimates of 0.98 sensitivity and 0.93 specificity.ConclusionApplication of AI‐based classification and segmentation methods on image analysis represents a fundamental shift in digital pathology. DL approaches demonstrated significantly high accuracy for OSCC detection on histopathology, comparable to that of human experts in some studies. Although AI‐based models cannot replace a well‐trained pathologist, they can assist through improving the objectivity and repeatability of the diagnosis while reducing variability and human error as a consequence of pathologist burnout.
Dream habits in a large cohort of preteens and their relation to sleep and nocturnal awakenings
Authors: Eichenlaub Jean‐Baptiste , Bouet Romain , Pinelli Mathieu , Portrat Sophie 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe present study examined dream habits, and their relation to sleep patterns, in 1151 preteens (597 boys; 554 girls; 11.31 ± 0.62 years old). Dream questionnaires assessed the frequency of dream recall, nightmare, and lucid dream, as well as the intensity of emotions experienced in dreams. Sleep variables included sleep duration and efficiency, but also different measurements of nocturnal awakenings. Among the preteens, 49.21% of them reported that they recalled dreams several times a week or almost every morning over the past few months. In addition, 52.00% of the preteens reported that they experienced nightmares, and 45.48% lucid dreams, less than once a month or never over the past few months. No gender differences were observed in dream variables. Nocturnal awakenings were linked to all dream variables, while sleep duration and sleep efficiency were related to nightmare frequency and emotions in dreams. Importantly, sleep duration and sleep efficiency were not associated with dream recall nor lucid dream frequency, with Bayesian analyses supporting the null hypothesis. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of preteens’ dreams and their connection to key sleep aspects.
Malignant transformation of an intraparenchymal hemangioma in the cervical spinal cord of a German shepherd dog
Authors: Korff Courtney P. , Nelissen Sophie , Todd‐Donato Amy B. , Miller Andrew D. , Davies Emma 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old female spayed German shepherd dog was presented for evaluation of a 1‐week history of right thoracic limb monoparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified an intraparenchymal, T2 hypointense and T1 isointense, strongly heterogeneously contrast‐enhancing mass with moderate internal susceptibility artifact on T2* images at the level of the cranial extent of the C5 vertebral body. Euthanasia was elected after a rapid neurologic decline in the 24 hours after MRI. Necropsy and histopathology identified an intraparenchymal hemangiosarcoma arising from a hemangioma in the cervical spinal cord, with no evidence of neoplastic disease in any other examined organs. The spectrum of vasoproliferative disorders in the central nervous system in veterinary species has been codified recently, but hemangiosarcoma is considered metastatic to the central nervous system. Herein we describe the clinical, imaging, and histologic findings in a dog with a novel primary location of hemangiosarcoma in the cervical spinal cord.
Bidirectional reflectance distribution function measurements of characterized Apollo regolith samples using the visible oxford space environment goniometer
Authors: Curtis R. J. , Warren T. J. , Shirley K. A. , Paige D. A. , Bowles N. E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA laboratory study was performed using the Visible Oxford Space Environment Goniometer in which the broadband (350–1250 nm) bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) of two representative Apollo regolith samples were measured, for two surface roughness profiles, across a range of viewing angles—reflectance: 0–70°, in steps of 5°; incidence: 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°; and azimuthal: 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°. The BRDF datasets were fitted using the Hapke BRDF model to (1) provide a method of comparison to other photometric studies of the lunar regolith and (2) to produce Hapke parameter values which can be used to extrapolate the BRDF to all angles. Importantly, the surface profiles of the samples were characterized using an Alicona 3D® instrument, allowing two of the free parameters within the Hapke model, φ and , which represent porosity and surface roughness, respectively, to be constrained. The study determined that, for , the 500–1000 μm size‐scale is the most relevant for the BRDF. Thus, it deduced the following “best fit” Hapke parameters for each of the samples: Apollo 11 rough— = 0.315 ± 0.021,  = 0.261 ± 0.007, and  = 0.039 ± 0.005 (with  = 21.28° and φ = 0.41 ± 0.02); Apollo 11 smooth— = 0.281 ± 0.028,  = 0.238 ± 0.008, and  = 0.032 ± 0.006 (with  = 13.80° and φ = 0.60 ± 0.02); Apollo 16 rough— = 0.485 ± 0.155,  = 0.155 ± 0.083, and  = 0.135 ± 0.007 (with  = 21.69° and φ = 0.55 ± 0.02); Apollo 16 smooth— = 0.388 ± 0.057,  = 0.063 ± 0.033, and  = 0.221 ± 0.011 (with  = 14.27° and φ = 0.40 ± 0.02). Finally, updated hemispheric albedo functions were determined for the samples, which can be used to set laboratory measured visible scattering functions within thermal models.
The poverty of postmodernist constructivism: And a case for naturalism out of Hume, Darwin, and Wittgenstein
Authors: Peckel Ariel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis essay develops a naturalist framework based on Hume, Darwin, and Wittgenstein against postmodernist constructivism. That framework claims universal features of human biology, cognition, and behavior to explain our cultural histories, running contrary to two core constructivist doctrines of postmodernist scholarship: mutual opacity and epistemic violence. Mutual opacity posits the incommensurability of systems rooted in differing contexts, cultures, and group identities, while epistemic violence morally impugns the extension of the knowledge claims of any such system beyond its strictly localized boundaries. This is the extension that universalist approaches, like naturalism, are recriminated against owing to their claims to discover encompassing standpoint‐independent and transcultural features of human constitution and modes of life. Comparative evaluation of these approaches exposes the failure of postmodernist constructivism to explain parallel practices, conventions, and institutions across human cultural histories, which universalist naturalism succeeds at, while moreover revealing how this failure undermines its agendas of social justice.
Diversity
Authors: Beckner Elizabeth 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this essay, the meaning of diversity is explored as it pertains to senior underrepresented minority (URM) faculty experiences. The experiences of senior URM faculty were gathered through the URM Senior Scholars Histories Project to bring more visibility to racist and sexist practices and to the lack of diversity among faculty within research universities. This brings into question the use of the term diversity in higher education, a term that is often used, but falls short of a clear definition and plan for its implementation for better serving faculty, staff, and students. Through a brief overview of the use of the term diversity in higher education, it becomes apparent that it has been used as a pretty word for nearly 50 years, despite tireless efforts to make real, transformative structural changes within higher education institutions. The question now is: where do we go from here and what can we do to build and create new ways of being that embrace diversity as the norm?
Mediterranean diet for the management of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease in non‐Mediterranean, Western countries: What's known and what's needed?
Authors: Sualeheen Ayesha , Tan Sze‐Yen , Georgousopoulou Ekavi , Daly Robin M. , Tierney Audrey C. , Roberts Stuart K. , George Elena S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, affecting 30% of the population in Western countries. MASLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, pathophysiologically underpinned by insulin resistance and frequently co‐exists with hypertension, central obesity and dyslipidaemia. Currently, safe and effective pharmacotherapies for MASLD are limited, making weight loss with lifestyle changes the mainstay therapy. A Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has emerged as an effective dietary pattern for preventing and managing MASLD, but most studies have been conducted in Mediterranean countries, necessitating further investigation into its benefits in Western populations. Additionally, the effect of holistic multimodal lifestyle interventions, including physical activity combined with the MedDiet, is not well established. Finally, MASLD's widespread prevalence and rapid growth require improved accessibility to interventions. Digital health delivery platforms, designed for remote access, could be a promising approach to providing timely support to individuals with MASLD. This narrative review summarises the current evidence related to the effects of the MedDiet in Western, multicultural populations with MASLD. This includes a detailed description of the composition, prescription and adherence to dietary interventions in terms of how they have been designed and applied. The evidence related to the role of physical activity or exercise interventions prescribed in combination with the MedDiet for MASLD will also be reviewed. Finally, recommendations for the design and delivery of dietary and physical activity or exercise interventions to inform the design of future randomised controlled trials to facilitate the optimal management of MASLD are outlined.
SLC12A1 variant c.1684+1 G>A causes Bartter syndrome type 1 by promoting exon 13 skipping
Authors: Yang Wenke , Li Yanjun , Guo Zhenglong , Ren Yanxin , Huang Jianmei , Zhao Huiru , Liao Shixiu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundBartter syndrome type 1, an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, is caused by pathogenic loss‐of‐function variants in the SLC12A1 gene. It is characterized by metabolic alkalosis and prenatal‐onset polyuria leading to polyhydramnios.MethodsWe identified pathogenic gene in a 12‐day‐old newborn boy with Bartter syndrome type 1 using whole‐exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing validated the identified variants. A minigene assay was performed to investigate the effect of a novel splice site variant on pre‐mRNA splicing.ResultsWe found a compound heterozygous variants in the SLC12A1 gene, consisting of a known pathogenic missense mutation (NM_000338: c.769 G>A; p.Gly257Ser) and a novel splice site variant (c.1684+1 G>A). In silico predictions and an in vitro minigene splicing assay demonstrated that the splicing variant c.1684+1 G>A abolished a consensus splice donor site of SLC12A1 intron 13, resulting in complete exon 13 skipping, translational frameshift, and premature termination codon, ultimately leading to loss of SLC12A1 function.ConclusionUsing a cell‐based in vitro assay, we revealed the aberrant effect of the pathogenic splicing variant SLC12A1 c.1684+1 G>A on pre‐mRNA splicing. Our findings expand the gene mutation spectrum of Bartter syndrome type 1, providing a basis for genetic diagnosis and the development of genetic medicines.image
Addressing disparities: A systematic review of digital health equity for adolescent obesity prevention and management interventions
Authors: Partridge Stephanie R. , Knight Amber , Todd Allyson , McGill Bronwyn , Wardak Sara , Alston Laura , Livingstone Katherine M. , Singleton Anna , Thornton Louise , Jia Sisi , Redfern Julie , Raeside Rebecca 
Published: September 2024

SummaryAdolescence is a high‐risk life stage for obesity. Digital strategies are needed to prevent and manage obesity among adolescents. We assessed if digital health interventions are contributing to disparities in obesity outcomes and assessed the adequacy of reporting of digital health equity criteria across four levels of influence within the digital environment. The systematic search was conducted on 10 major electronic databases and limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cluster‐RCTs for prevention or management of obesity among 10–19 year olds. Primary outcome was mean body mass index (BMI), or BMI z‐score change. The Adapted Digital Health Equity Assessment Framework was applied to all studies. Thirty‐three articles (27 unique studies with 8483 participants) were identified, with only eight studies targeting adolescents from disadvantaged populations. Post‐intervention, only three studies reported significantly lower BMI outcomes in the intervention compared to control. Of the 432 digital health equity criteria assessed across 27 studies, 82% of criteria were “not addressed.” Studies are not addressing digital health equity criteria or inadequately reporting information to assess if digital health interventions are contributing to disparities in obesity outcomes. Enhanced reporting is needed to inform decision‐makers and support the development of equitable interventions to prevent and manage obesity among adolescents.
The change in food service costs associated with increasing the healthiness of ready‐to‐eat food provision: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Naughton Shaan S. , al Subhi Moosa , Boelsen‐Robinson Tara , Blake Miranda R. , Ananthapavan Jaithri , Peeters Anna 
Published: September 2024

SummaryIncreasing the healthiness of food retail environments is an identified mechanism to help halt rising rates of diet‐related non‐communicable diseases. Previous studies on healthy food environment adoption report that retailers' perceptions of loss of profitability and higher food costs are often barriers to change. Despite this, actual changes to profitability and food costs have not been fully explored. This study aimed to systematically scope the evidence relating to changes to food costs or profitability when changes are made to increase the healthiness of food and drinks sold by food service retailers. Nine databases were searched, with studies included from settings that sold ready‐to‐consume items, with interventions to increase the healthiness of menus, and reporting food environment/nutrition outcomes, and cost/profit outcomes. Of the 12 studies included, the majority were conducted in the United States and in school settings. Most studies indicated that increasing the healthiness of food service retail environments resulted in neutral or favorable financial outcomes. Food costs and/or profit changes were most often monitored via simple accounting measures. While further research is needed to strengthen the evidence on financial outcomes of healthier food provision, this review indicates that some perceived barriers to change may not be warranted.