bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
R&D effects, risks and strategic decisions: evidence from listed firms in R&D-intensive countries
Authors: Dranev Yury , Levin Albert , Kuchin Ilia 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this research is to look at the effects of research and development expenditures (R&D) on value and risks of publicly traded companies by studying returns on stock exchanges of R&D-intensive economies (Republic of Korea, Finland and Israel).

Design/methodology/approach
Empirical tests of multifactor asset pricing models were applied to demonstrate that R&D intensity could be considered as a pricing factor and affect investors’ risk premiums on those markets. To discover the reasons behind the asset pricing R&D anomaly, this study investigated the nature of R&D risk further by looking into the interactions of R&D and currency risks.

Findings
This study discovered that investors in stock markets of R&D-intensive countries should require a positive equity risk premium. However, the reduction of R&D intensity may increase firms’ risks and firms with higher R&D-intensity are less exposed to currency risks in R&D-intensive economies.

Originality/value
Many researchers have investigated the relationship between a firm’s R&D and stock returns. But nearly all of them focus on the US Stock Market and attempt to determine the reasons for R&D’s impact on firms’ risks and market value. Meanwhile, the role of R&D and related risks for investors could be even more prominent for stock markets in R&D-intensive countries. To bridge this gap, this research studied stock returns on exchanges of three developed countries where the ratio of gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) to GDP is among the highest worldwide. In this study, the methodology of asset pricing empirical studies was adopted and it was further developed to analyze the causes of R&D risks. The new methodology was applied to discover relationship between R&D intensity and currency risk exposure. The interesting findings could be used for development of firms’ corporate strategies in those countries and for elaboration of policy decisions.
Corporate foresight and its effect on innovation, strategic decision making and organizational performance (case study: Iranian banking industry)
Authors: Joneidi Jafari Mahdi , NiliPourTabataba’i Seyed Akbar 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the capability of corporate foresight in the organizations and its impacts on innovation, quality of managers’ strategic decision-making and organizational performance in the banking industry of Iran.Design/methodology/approachIn the first part, upon introducing corporate foresight from the two process and content perspectives, influential elements in this construct are discussed. Then, corporate foresight’s relationship with innovation and strategic decision-making is examined and its effect on organizational performance is analyzed within a structural model. Using interview and questionnaire, the data research were collected from the banking industry of Iran including 30 banks (state-commercial banks, specialist-state banks, interest-free loan funds and private banks). Through descriptive, inferential statistical analyses and structural equation modeling using SPSS and Smart PLS software, reliability of the measurement model with 576 samples was confirmed.FindingsThe results show that the corporate foresight playing three roles of initiator, strategist, and opponent affects the innovation. Moreover, the research results suggest that using the data from the foresight and identifying the weak signals, we can reduce the uncertainty and issue prior warnings in order to enhance the quality of manager’s strategic decision making and promote the organizational performance.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the articles from the sources of the doctoral thesis of Futures Studies as “The relationship between knowledge absorption capacity, corporate foresight and its effect on the performance of the banking industry in Iran”.
Waqf as a framework for entrepreneurship
Authors: Iman Abdul Hamid Mar , Mohammad Mohammad Tahir Sabit Haji 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to add to the existing body of literature on this subject by advocating how waqf-based entrepreneurship can be practiced in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper begins by presenting an overview of waqf and its role in entrepreneurship and proceeds by proposing a model of waqf-based entrepreneurship which is synthesized from various models existing in the Islamic world.

Findings
The paper concludes by recommending waqf-based entrepreneurship as an alternative socio-economic framework of society’s wellbeing.

Research limitations/implications
The research is limited to the preliminary aspects of waqf entrepreneurship.

Practical implications
Waqf organization may be able to finance its own businesses through crowdfunding and other methods and also disburse waqf funds to small and large ventures.

Social implications
The waqf system is a social tool that not only finances social development projects but also has social economic alternatives to assist poor and underprivileged groups in the society. This paper is toward such a socio-economic direction.

Originality/value
This paper might be considered the first attempt to detail the practical aspect of waqf entrepreneurship, in terms of enterprises to be financed, and how the funds to be accumulated.
Determinants of household’s education and nutrition spending
Authors: Kousar Rakshananda , Sadaf Tahira , Makhdum Muhammad Sohail Amjad , Ijaz Ayesha 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
This study aims to estimate the determinants of household spending on education and nutrition. Education and nutrition are noteworthy elements for human development and welfare. Separate estimates are being provided for male and female as gender determines household welfare and gender-based analysis of household spending evaluates the aptitude of decision power as well as measures their influential role in human welfare.

Design/methodology/approach
Fruits, milk and dairy products are taken as proxy of substantial portion of nutrition. The study used primary urban household-level data that collected from Faisalabad city. The authors used double hurdle model.

Findings
The findings of the study show that females are more likely to spend on education. Household size and number of children negatively determine the household spending on education and nutrition. Number of employed household members, level of income and education are positively associated with household spending on education and nutrition by male- and female-headed households. A very low public spending on education and nutrition have led to upsurge the hurdles of households in Pakistan.

Practical implications
The study recommends that government should provide the employment opportunities, especially for females for stable and increased household income that leads to improve the household welfare.

Originality/value
Several studies have examined the education spending (Mbanefoh et al., 1997; Ichoku and Leibbrandt, 2003; Donkoh and Amikuzuno, 2011; Cisse, 2011), but these studies ignored to investigate the gender role and household spending on nutrition and education. This study is crucial in drawing suitable policy recommendations for household welfare. This study filled the gaps and scrutinized the issues that interrelated with household spending.
Impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on attitudes and behaviors of pharmacists working in MNCs
Authors: Khaleel Muhammad , Chelliah Shankar , Rauf Sana , Jamil Muhammad 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThis study aims to find out how corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives are perceived by pharmacists and how it influences employees’ organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and role of perceived supervisor support in the study.Design/methodology/approachPharmacists of different hierarchical levels from five multinational pharmaceutical industries in Pakistan were selected as study samples. Data were collected from 136 pharmacists working in Punjab Region. PLS-SEM was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results from this study found that CSR was a predictor of affective organizational commitment (AOC) and OCB. AOC fully mediates the relationship between CSR and OCB. While perceived supervisory support did not moderate the relationship between AOC and OCB. Pharmaceutical firms can promote commitment toward organization and OCBs by initiating CSR activities.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is one of the innovative studies that empirically examine the predicting role of CSR and moderating role of perceived supervisory support on employees’ attitude and behaviors in the pharmaceutical companies’ context. Moreover, this research will also help the management by adopting CSR activities as core element in shaping employees attitudes and behaviors.Originality/valueIt is a significant study shifting the focus of research into organizational behavior context and further influences employee’s attitudes and behavior because of perceived CSR in the pharmacy industry.
Female labour force participation: evidence from Ghana
Authors: Abraham Abena Yeboah , Ohemeng Fidelia Nana Akom , Ohemeng Williams 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine female labour force participation (FLFP) and their employment choice between the formal and informal sectors after several institutional and social reforms such as Millennium Development Goal 3 aimed at promoting gender equality and empowerment of women by 2015, using data from Ghana’s 2010 Population and Housing Census.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, logit regression and multinomial logit techniques were employed.

Findings
The results show that FLFP has declined marginally from the 2005 figures; education remains the important factor in determining women’s participation in the formal sector. Strikingly 91 per cent of the FLFP is engaged in the informal sector of the Ghanaian economy, a sector with a very low contribution per head.

Practical implications
Interventions such as encouraging female education and retraining of self-employed females to improve upon their efficiency ought to be pursued vigorously; whiles developing rural areas for females to get equal labour opportunities and many others aimed at enhancing the efficiency and by inference earning per head of the informal sector is highly recommended.

Originality/value
The literature on the FLFP is thin in Ghana. The current study uses a census data unlike the previous studies and as such employed a huge sample size that reflects the reality in Ghana. The study contributed immensely to policy having established that 91 per cent of the female labour force is engaged in the informal sectors of the economy, and therefore any intervention targeting at reducing poverty and meeting the MDG 3 should be targeted at the informal sector of the Ghanaian economy.
How deviations from FOMC’s monetary policy decisions from a benchmark monetary policy rule affect bank profitability: evidence from U.S. banks
Authors: Apergis Nicholas , Lau Chi Keung Marco 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to provide fresh empirical evidence on how Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) monetary policy decisions from a benchmark monetary policy rule affect the profitability of US banking institutions.

Design/methodology/approach
It thereby provides a link between the literature on central bank monetary policy implementation through monetary rules and banks’ profitability. It uses a novel data set from 11,894 US banks, spanning the period 1990 to 2013.

Findings
The empirical findings show that deviations of FOMC monetary policy decisions from a number of benchmark linear and non-linear monetary (Taylor type) rules exert a negative and statistically significant impact on banks’ profitability.

Originality/value
The results are expected to have substantial implications for the capacity of banking institutions to more readily interpret monetary policy information and accordingly to reshape and hedge their lending behaviour. This would make the monetary policy decision process less noisy and, thus, enhance their capability to attach the correct weight to this information.
Abnormal returns from joining Congress? Evidence from new members
Authors: Hall Joshua C. , Karadas Serkan , Schlosky Minh Tam Tammy 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
Congress passed the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge (STOCK) Act of 2012, vesting the Securities and Exchange Commission with the clear legal authority to prosecute members of Congress (politicians) if they engage in insider trading. This paper aims to investigate whether members of Congress are informed traders even before they get elected to Congress, and thus helps assess whether the STOCK Act was a necessary piece of legislation.

Design/methodology/approach
This study compares the performance of politicians’ portfolios before and after they are elected to Congress using data from the 2004-2010 period. The authors use an event-study method to construct transactions-based calendar-time portfolios and use standard asset pricing models including capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to determine whether these portfolios earn abnormal returns (i.e. outperform the market).

Findings
The authors find weak and inconsistent evidence of abnormal returns in politicians’ portfolios that precede their election. They also find that it takes two consecutive terms in Congress for members to start making informed trades that earn themselves abnormal returns. However, these abnormal returns only accrue to those who serve on powerful committees.

Research limitations/implications
The results in this paper provide support for the STOCK Act of 2012 by showing that members of Congress become informed traders while they serve in Congress. However, these results do not imply any wrongdoing for members of Congress, because the paper uses the pre-STOCK Act data (2004-2010 period).

Originality/value
This study is the first academic work that compares politicians’ portfolios before and after they get elected.
Optimization of material removal rate in ultrasonic machining of polycarbonate bulletproof glass and acrylic heat-resistant glass by Taguchi method
Authors: Singh Kanwal Jeet , Ahuja Inderpreet Singh , Kapoor Jathinder 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper, an original research paper, is to study the optimization of material removal rate (MRR) in ultrasonic machining of polycarbonate bulletproof glass and acrylic heat-resistant glass. The machining of these materials is a very tough job. There are so many constraints which need to be taken into account while machining, but without proper knowledge of material properties and machining parameters, machining is not possible. This paper gives basic knowledge about polycarbonate bulletproof and acrylic heat-resistant glass and provides ways as to how these types of materials are processed or machined.

Design/methodology/approach
The Taguchi method was utilized to optimize the ultrasonic machining parameters for drilling these advanced materials. The relationship between MRR and other controllable process parameters such as concentration of slurry, type of abrasive, abrasive grit size, power rating, concentration of HF acid and type of tool material has been analyzed by using the Taguchi approach.

Findings
Through the Taguchi analysis, it is concluded that types of abrasive and HF acid concentrations have a significant role to play in MRR for both materials; in which, type of abrasive have 72.91 and 72.96 percent contribution in MRR for polycarbonate bulletproof and acrylic heat-resistant glass, respectively. Similarly, HF acid concentration has 14.70 and 14.65 percent contribution in MRR for polycarbonate bulletproof and acrylic heat-resistant glass, respectively. The MRR was improved by 34.44 percent in polycarbonate bulletproof glass and 29.25 percent in acrylic heat-resistant glass.

Originality/value
After experimental investigation, the results of the Taguchi modal are validated.
Housing demolition attention, social responsibility pressure of manager and corporate value
Authors: Zeng Jianguang , Lu Yuanyuan , Xu Qian , Yang Xun 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThis study aims to examine whether corporate stconcerns on social responsibility issues pressurize corporate managers to act in a socially responsible way and how this affects corporate value.Design/methodology/approachThis study follows previous studies such as Wu et al. (2008) and Jiang and Huang (2011) in using the research model.FindingsThe analysis shows that in regions where large attention paid to demolitions, corporate managers are under great pressure from corporate stakeholders and they thus act in more socially responsible ways; this, in turn, results in higher corporate values. Furthermore, in regions in which demolition events attract more attention, the increase in corporate value is relatively small for state-owned enterprises and unprofitable listed enterprises.Originality/valueThe findings demonstrate that internet governance heightens corporate stakeholders’ awareness of social responsibility, and this leads to pressure on corporate relative behaviors to satisfy the requests of corporate stakeholders, leading to an increase in corporate value and improvement in social welfare.
Drivers, explorers, crusaders and captains: identifying and nurturing four types of entrepreneurial business builders
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
Brian Leavy interviews Chris Kuenne and John Danner about research into entrepreneurial personality published in their new book Built for Growth: How Builder Personality Shapes Your Business, Your Team, and Your Ability to Win Corporate.

Design/methodology/approach
By studying personality types, executives can learn how different types of successful entrepreneurs function, how they’re wired, motivated, lead and manage.

Findings
Using Kuenne’s and Danner’s“Builder Personality Discovery” instrument, corporations can begin to recognize which types of potential entrepreneurs they have, and then how best to support and reward their efforts in creating new business value.

Practical implications
Each typically interacts differently to five major dynamic challenges that every business builder faces, the “solution dynamic,” the “team dynamic,” the “customer dynamic,” the “sponsor dynamic” and the ‘scale dynamic.’

Originality/value
Essential insights for corporate leaders championing entrepreneurial business builders in their firms and for assessing leaders of potential acquisitions.
An integrative methodology for creatively exploring decision choices
Authors: Riel Jennifer , Martin Roger 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The authors translate their the concept of integrative thinking into a repeatable methodology, supported by a set of tools for thinking through difficult or “wicked“ problems, a process that offers a better chance of rejecting false choices and of finding a way through to an innovative alternative.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors divide their process into four phases. A case example illustrates each phase.

Findings
The four phases that make up the integrative thinking 10;process: articulating opposing ways to solve a vexing problem; analyzing those opposing models to truly understand them; attempting to resolve the antithetical approaches of the opposing models by creating new models that contain elements of the original alternatives but are superior to either one and testing the potential new solutions.

Research limitations/implications
Additional examples and detailed guidance is provided in the authors new book “Creating Great Choices: A Leader’s Guide to Integrative Thinking,” (Harvard Business School Press, 2017).

Practical implications
Several corporate examples of “wicked” problems to which integrative thinking might be applied are: After a merger, the combined sales organization is riven by dissension between proponents of two opposite approaches – one using direct sales and the other channel partners. The CEO of a retail bank struggling to manage the conflicting goals of increasing efficiency and improving customer service.

Originality/value
Applied thoughtfully, this new and tested methodology gives leaders at all levels a fighting chance at solving challenging problems and creating breakthrough choices.
Three views of China’s economic future
Authors: Brookfield Jonathan 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The author presents practitioners with an overview of experts’ outlook for China econmic future. While some observers see the likelihood of a decade of continued rapid growth ahead, others see major economic challenges on the horizon.

Design/methodology/approach
To better understand the forces at play, consider the rationale underpinning three experts’ different perspectives on the future of China’s economy.

Findings
The author looks at the thinking underlying three vies: Confidence in steady growth: optimism based on China’s continuing “latecomer advantage” and its plentiful investment resources. Cautionary warning: pessimism based largely on his perception of China’s debt load and structural economic limits to consumer spending. Why you shouldn’t bet on pessimism: a rebuttal to much of the reasoning underpinning gloomy growth forecasts.

Practical implications
Taken together, a weak renminbi, low interest rates, and restrained wage growth would signal efforts to maintain the viability of China’s “latecomer” economic model.

Originality/value
The article helps practitioners understand the logic behind optimistic and pessimistic view of China’s economy so that as events develop observers can better understand which future is unfolding and what risks increasing or decreasing.
Joint PP‐ and PSV‐wave amplitudes versus offset and azimuth inversion for fracture compliances in horizontal transversely isotropic media
Authors: Chen Huaizhen , Zhang Guangzhi , Chen Tiansheng , Yin Xingyao 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWe propose a robust approach for the joint inversion of PP‐ and PSV‐wave angle gathers along different azimuths for the elastic properties of the homogeneous isotropic host rock and excess compliances due to the presence of fractures. Motivated by the expression of fluid content indicator in fractured reservoirs and the sensitivity of Lamé impedances to fluid type, we derive PP‐ and PSV‐wave reflection coefficients in terms of Lamé impedances, density, and fracture compliances for an interface separating two horizontal transversely isotropic media. Following a Bayesian framework, we construct an objective function that includes initial models. We employ the iteratively reweighted least‐squares algorithm to solve the inversion problem to estimate unknown parameters (i.e., Lamé impedances, density, and fracture compliances) from PP‐ and PSV‐wave angle gathers along different azimuths. Synthetic tests reveal that the unknown parameters estimated using the joint inversion approach match true values better than those estimated using a PP‐wave amplitude inversion only. A real data test indicates that reasonable results for subsurface fracture detection are obtained from the joint inversion approach.