bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term ferrocyanide application via deicing salts promotes the establishment of Actinomycetales assimilating ferrocyanide‐derived carbon in soil
Authors: Gschwendtner Silvia , Mansfeldt Tim , Kublik Susanne , Touliari Evangelia , Buegger Franz , Schloter Michael 
Published: May 2016

SummaryCyanides are highly toxic and produced by various microorganisms as defence strategy or to increase their competitiveness. As degradation is the most efficient way of detoxification, some microbes developed the capability to use cyanides as carbon and nitrogen source. However, it is not clear if this potential also helps to lower cyanide concentrations in roadside soils where deicing salt application leads to significant inputs of ferrocyanide. The question remains if biodegradation in soils can occur without previous photolysis. By conducting a microcosm experiment using soils with/without pre‐exposition to road salts spiked with 13C‐labelled ferrocyanide, we were able to confirm biodegradation and in parallel to identify bacteria using ferrocyanide as C source via DNA stable isotope probing (DNA‐SIP), TRFLP fingerprinting and pyrosequencing. Bacteria assimilating 13C were highly similar in the pre‐exposed soils, belonging mostly to Actinomycetales (Kineosporia, Mycobacterium, Micromonosporaceae). In the soil without pre‐exposition, bacteria belonging to Acidobacteria (Gp3, Gp4, Gp6), Gemmatimonadetes (Gemmatimonas) and Gammaproteobacteria (Thermomonas, Xanthomonadaceae) used ferrocyanide as C source but not the present Actinomycetales. This indicated that (i) various bacteria are able to assimilate ferrocyanide‐derived C and (ii) long‐term exposition to ferrocyanide applied with deicing salts leads to Actinomycetales outcompeting other microorganisms for the use of ferrocyanide as C source.
Living the cycle of drinking and violence: A qualitative study of women's experience of alcohol‐related intimate partner violence
Authors: Wilson Ingrid M. , Graham Kathryn , Taft Angela 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsHeavy and binge drinking contributes to increased risk and severity of violence in intimate relationships, but its role in the initiation and escalation of intimate partner violence (IPV) is not well‐understood. This study explores the dynamics of drinking and IPV from the perspectives of women with lived experience of alcohol‐related IPV.Design and MethodsA qualitative constructivist grounded theory study using interviews with 18 women aged 18–50 years who experienced fear or harm from an alcohol‐affected male partner. Participants were recruited from the community in Victoria, Australia.ResultsParticipants experienced alcohol‐related IPV as a cycle of escalating violence accompanying the male partner's progression to intoxication as follows: starting to drink (having fun); getting drunk (looking for a fight); intoxicated (‘switching’ to escalated violence); drunk (becoming incapacitated); hungover/coming down (becoming mean‐tempered); sober (returning to ‘normal’ life); and craving (building up to drinking again — for dependent drinkers). Participants identified safe and unsafe stages in the cycle but feared the unpredictability of drunken violence. Participants actively managed safety through four main strategies: preventing (e.g. limiting his drinking); predicting (e.g. recognising signs); responding (e.g. avoiding arguments); and protecting (e.g. removing self and children). Anticipating abuse when a partner drinks was the central process for participants living this cycle.Discussion and ConclusionsFor some women, alcohol plays a central role in the cycle of violence, abuse and fear. Alcohol‐related intimate partner violence should be the focus of further research, prevention and treatment. [Wilson IM, Graham K, Taft A. Living the cycle of drinking and violence: A qualitative study of women's experience of alcohol‐related intimate partner violence. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:115–124]
The incidence, risk and functional outcomes of intracranial haemorrhage in children with inherited bleeding disorders at one haemophilia center
Authors: Bladen M. , Main E. , Khair K. , Hubert N. , Koutoumanou E. , Liesner R. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIntracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is the most serious bleeding event for patients with inherited bleeding disorders (IBD). The risks and long‐term consequences remain unknown.AimThis single‐centre service evaluation aimed to identify the incidence, risks and long‐term outcomes following ICH in patients with IBD.MethodsThe IBD database and medical notes between 1987 and 2013 were reviewed. Children without apparent neurological deficit following ICH completed standardized assessments and supplementary information sheets.ResultsICH was confirmed in 38/1111 children with IBD. The overall risk of ICH amongst children with IBD was 3.4% (95% CI: 2.5, 4.7%). However, 27/38 had an ICH in the first year of life, 18 of which were in the neonatal period. In children with IBD who had an ICH, the risks of ICH in the neonatal period or first year of life were 18/38 (47%) (95% CI: 32, 63%) and 27/38 (71%) (95% CI: 55, 83%) respectively. Mortality risk from ICH in children with an IBD was 5/38 (13%) (95% CI: 5.8, 27.3 %). Ten of 32 survivors had known neurological sequelae including motor disorder deficits (MDD) while 22 had no documented evidence of neurological impairment or MDD. Re‐evaluation was possible in 17/22 children, 8 of whom demonstrated evidence of MDD. After re‐evaluation, the risk of significant neurological MDD from ICH increased from 31% CI (95% CI: 18, 49%) to 56% CI (95% CI: 39, 72%).ConclusionRisks and consequences of ICH in IBD were highest within the neonatal period and first year of life. MDD after ICH was not reliably identified in early life and ongoing monitoring in the first decade of life will facilitate educational support or physical rehabilitation.
Knowing and Not‐Knowing For Your Own Good: The Limits of Epistemic Paternalism
Authors: Bullock Emma C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEpistemic paternalism is the thesis that a paternalistic interference with an individual's inquiry is justified when it is likely to bring about an epistemic improvement in her. In this article I claim that in order to motivate epistemic paternalism we must first account for the value of epistemic improvements. I propose that the epistemic paternalist has two options: either epistemic improvements are valuable because they contribute to wellbeing, or they are epistemically valuable. I will argue that these options constitute the foundations of a dilemma: either epistemic paternalism collapses into general paternalism, or a distinctive project of justified epistemic paternalism is implausible.
Reduction of Tubulin Expression in Angomonas deanei by RNAi Modifies the Ultrastructure of the Trypanosomatid Protozoan and Impairs Division of Its Endosymbiotic Bacterium
Authors: Catta‐Preta Carolina Moura Costa , dos Santos Pascoalino Bruno , de Souza Wanderley , Mottram Jeremy C. , Motta Maria Cristina M. , Schenkman Sergio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the last two decades, RNA interference pathways have been employed as a useful tool for reverse genetics in trypanosomatids. Angomonas deanei is a nonpathogenic trypanosomatid that maintains an obligatory endosymbiosis with a bacterium related to the Alcaligenaceae family. Studies of this symbiosis can help us to understand the origin of eukaryotic organelles. The recent elucidation of both the A. deanei and the bacterium symbiont genomes revealed that the host protozoan codes for the enzymes necessary for RNAi activity in trypanosomatids. Here, we tested the functionality of the RNAi machinery by transfecting cells with dsRNA to a reporter gene (green fluorescent protein), which had been previously expressed in the parasite and to α‐tubulin, an endogenous gene. In both cases, protein expression was reduced by the presence of specific dsRNA, inducing, respectively, a decreased GFP fluorescence and the formation of enlarged cells with modified arrangement of subpellicular microtubules. Furthermore, symbiont division was impaired. These results indicate that the RNAi system is active in A. deanei and can be used to further explore gene function in symbiont‐containing trypanosomatids and to clarify important aspects of symbiosis and cell evolution.
Democratic Moral Education and the Gifts of the Holy Spirit
Authors: Jordan Mark D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHow far is Thomas Aquinas available for current discussions in political philosophy? While there are certainly things to be learned from him about our political preoccupations, the pedagogy of his moral teaching typically resists our familiar questions. This holds even when the question is put in terms that Thomas should recognize—say, as a question about the virtues appropriate for a democracy. Thomas not only gives different meanings to these terms, he moves political topics away from the center of theological attention and so organizes them very differently. A reader can notice these differences at many points but perhaps especially in the attention that Thomas gives in the Summa to the gifts of the Holy Spirit. His account of these gifts qualifies significantly what he says of virtue and suggests large limits on human agency, whether in ethics or in politics.
Microfinance and Female Group Action in Bangladesh
Authors: Peters Christina 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper provides evidence that participation in microfinance programs may increase the likelihood of female group action against domestic violence and spousal abandonment. Although female empowerment has been an explicit target of many microfinance programs, the literature remains conflicted regarding the magnitude and direction of impact. Using multiple estimation methods with data from Bangladesh, I find that women from villages with microfinance programs are substantially more likely than women from non‐program villages to have taken group action by publicly protesting when they observed a woman being beaten, abandoned or divorced. Taking advantage of eligibility requirements for program participation, I further show that women from program villages who are eligible to participate are substantially more likely than non‐eligible women from the same village to have taken group action, which suggests that these effects are in fact related to the microfinance programs themselves.
Need, Merit and Politics in Multilateral Aid Allocation: A District‐level Analysis of World Bank Projects in India
Authors: Nunnenkamp Peter , Öhler Hannes , Sosa Andrés Maximiliano 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe assess the targeting of foreign aid within recipient countries by employing Poisson estimations on the determinants of the World Bank's allocation of project aid at the district level in India. The evidence of needs‐based location choices is very weak as long as the poverty orientation of overall commitments is taken as the yardstick. It is only for some sectors that we find stronger indications of needs‐based allocation when combining sector‐specific commitments with corresponding measures of need. The evidence for a merit‐based allocation of World Bank aid is even weaker. We typically do not find evidence that aid allocation is affected by political patronage at the state or district level. However, the World Bank prefers districts where foreign direct investors may benefit from projects related to infrastructure.
Shortwave Radiative Fluxes on Slopes
Authors: Ma Yingtao , Pinker Rachel T. , Wonsick Margaret M. , Li Chuan , Hinkelman Laura M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSnow-covered mountain ranges are a major source of water supply for runoff and groundwater recharge. Snowmelt supplies as much as 75% of the surface water in basins of the western United States. Net radiative fluxes make up about 80% of the energy balance over snow-covered surfaces. Because of the large extent of snow cover and the scarcity of ground observations, use of remotely sensed data is an attractive option for estimating radiative fluxes. Most of the available methods have been applied to low-spatial-resolution satellite observations that do not capture the spatial variability of snow cover, clouds, or aerosols, all of which need to be accounted for to achieve accurate estimates of surface radiative fluxes. The objective of this study is to use high-spatial-resolution observations that are available from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to derive surface shortwave (0.2–4.0 μm) downward radiative fluxes in complex terrain, with attention on the effect of topography (e.g., shadowing or limited sky view) on the amount of radiation received. The developed method has been applied to several typical melt seasons (January–July during 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2009) over the western part of the United States, and the available information was used to derive metrics on spatial and temporal variability of shortwave fluxes. Issues of scale in both the satellite and ground observations are also addressed to illuminate difficulties in the validation process of satellite-derived quantities. It is planned to apply the findings from this study to test improvements in estimation of snow water equivalent.
Scandix pecten-veneris L. (Apiaceae) in the Małopolska Upland (S Poland) – regional changes in the distribution and population resources of declining weed species
Authors: Łazarski Grzegorz 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The paper presents results of the inventory of localities of Scandix pecten-veneris L. in the Małopolska Upland conducted after 2000. The existing population resources were estimated and current distribution of the species in the Małopolska Upland and Poland was showed. Some threats to this species as well as conservation prospects were discussed.
Thermophilous fringe communities as an indicator of vegetation changes: a case study of the “Murawy Dobromierskie” steppe reserve (Poland)
Authors: Szygendowski Tomasz , Brzeg Andrzej 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this paper, changes of the non-forest xerothermic vegetation of the “Murawy Dobromierskie” steppe reserve which occurred in the period 1993-2012 are examined. The material comprises 50 relevés, of which 43 date from 2012 and the other 7 - from 1993. Reléves were arranged in 5 analytic tables. A synoptic table was also compiled, and for each syntaxonomical species group distinguished, values of the cover coefficient (C), the collective group share index (G), and the systematic group value (D) were estimated and compared. On the basis of the obtained results, a significant decline in abundancy and/or constancy was observed within the following groups: Ch. Artemisietea vulgaris, Ch. Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati, Ch. Festuco-Brometea, Ch. Geranion sanguinei, Ch. Koelerio-Corynephoretea, and Ch. Origanetalia and Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei, whereas for the taxa of the Rhamno-Prunetea, a notable increase in the share of the reserve vegetation was recorded. A sizeable expansion of the moss layer was also observed in this period. The results are discussed with special regard to differences in the methodical background of both field studies.
The Problematic Concept of Possession in the DCFR: Lessons from Law and Economics of Possession
Authors: Chang Yun-chien 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe concept of possession in law has been a complicated one for hundreds of years, and many civil codes are complex in their own idiosyncratic ways. (Draft) Common Framework of Reference is no exception, and it even contains arguably one of the most complicated possession stipulations ever. This article first summarizes the gist of each chapter in a new book the author edited,
Longitudinal studies on adolescents in Hong Kong: a review
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Ng Catalina S.M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA literature review based on PsycINFO and MEDLINE was conducted to understand longitudinal adolescent studies in Hong Kong. Based on a review of 23 studies, several observations can be highlighted. First, there are very few positive youth development programs. Second, many intervention studies have not been rigorously evaluated. Third, many survey studies focused primarily on the negative aspects of youth development, neglecting the positive dimensions. Fourth, while the sample size of most studies is respectable, very few studies used random sampling. Fifth, most studies used quantitative research methods, with very few studies using qualitative or mixed research methods. Sixth, only two waves of data were collected in most studies. Seventh, advanced statistical data analysis techniques were seldom employed. Finally, assessment tools in some of the studies were not validated.
40  Gb/s DWDM Structure with Optical Phase Configuration for Long-Haul Transmission System
Authors: Lin Hsiu-Sheng , Lai Po-Chou 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe propose the experimental transport of 48 channels with 40 Gbit/s dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) system that uses single-mode fiber (SMF) in combination with dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) which is a dispersion compensation device, in C and L band wavelength range to solve the dispersion program. The DWDM system scheme employing single Mach–Zehnder modulation (MZM) return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) modulation format with hybrid Raman/EDFA (Erbium-doped fiber amplifier) configuration to improve transmission signal, and employing an optical phase conjugation (OPC) configuration in the middle line. That can compensate for dispersion impairment and improve nonlinear effects to investigate transmission distance performances.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[tetraaqua(μ2-4,4′(E)-ethene-1,2-diyldipyridine-κ2
N:N′)nickel(II)] bis(6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridine-4-carboxylate) pentahydrate, C26H42N4O15Ni
Authors: Li Guan Feng , Liu Qiu Xia , Li Rong Fang , Feng Xun 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
C26H42N4O15Ni, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 6.9662(8) Å, b = 9.0381(10) Å, c = 13.4863(15) Å, α = 71.430(1)°, β = 79.568(1)°, γ = 85.621(1)°, V = 791.44(15) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt
(F) = 0.0377, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1312, T = 293(2) K.
Translation elicits a growth rate‐dependent, genome‐wide, differential protein production in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Borkowski Olivier , Goelzer Anne , Schaffer Marc , Calabre Magali , Mäder Ulrike , Aymerich Stéphane , Jules Matthieu , Fromion Vincent 
Published: May 2016

AbstractComplex regulatory programs control cell adaptation to environmental changes by setting condition‐specific proteomes. In balanced growth, bacterial protein abundances depend on the dilution rate, transcript abundances and transcript‐specific translation efficiencies. We revisited the current theory claiming the invariance of bacterial translation efficiency. By integrating genome‐wide transcriptome datasets and datasets from a library of synthetic gfp‐reporter fusions, we demonstrated that translation efficiencies in Bacillus subtilis decreased up to fourfold from slow to fast growth. The translation initiation regions elicited a growth rate‐dependent, differential production of proteins without regulators, hence revealing a unique, hard‐coded, growth rate‐dependent mode of regulation. We combined model‐based data analyses of transcript and protein abundances genome‐wide and revealed that this global regulation is extensively used in B. subtilis. We eventually developed a knowledge‐based, three‐step translation initiation model, experimentally challenged the model predictions and proposed that a growth rate‐dependent drop in free ribosome abundance accounted for the differential protein production.
Preclinical evaluation of the AR inhibitor enzalutamide in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Caiazza Francesco , Murray Alyson , Madden Stephen F , Synnott Naoise C , Ryan Elizabeth J , O’Donovan Norma , Crown John , Duffy Michael J 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe androgen receptor (AR) is present in approximately 80% of invasive breast cancer patients and in up to 30% of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, our aim was to investigate the targeting of AR as a possible hormonal approach to the treatment of TNBC. Analysis of 2091 patients revealed an association between AR expression and poor overall survival, selectively in patients with the basal subtype of breast cancer, the vast majority of which are TNBC. IC50values for the second-generation anti-androgen enzalutamide across 11 breast cancer cell lines varied from 4 µM to >50 µM. The activity of enzalutamide was similar in TN and non-TN cell lines but was dependent on the presence of AR. Enzalutamide reduced clonogenic potential and cell growth in a 3D matrix in AR-positive cells. In addition, enzalutamide also inhibited cell migration and invasion in an AR-dependent manner. Enzalutamide appeared to mediate these processes through down-regulation of the transcription factors AP-1 and SP-1. The first-generation anti-androgen flutamide similarly blocked cell growth, migration and invasion. AR-positive TNBC cells clustered separately from AR-negative cells based on an androgen-related gene expression signature, independently of TNBC subtype. We conclude that targeting of the AR with drugs such as enzalutamide may provide an alternative treatment strategy for patients with AR-positive TNBC.
Les résultats scolaires des collégiens bénéficient-ils des réseaux ambition réussite ?
Authors: Caille Jean-Paul , Davezies Laurent , Garrouste Manon 
Published: May 2016

Les réseaux ambition réussite ( rar ) sont un dispositif d’éducation prioritaire mis en place en France entre 2006 et 2011. Pour y être éligible, un collège devait scolariser au moins 67 % de ses élèves issus de catégories socioprofessionnelles défavorisées et au moins 10 % d’élèves ayant redoublé au moins deux fois à la rentrée de sixième. Près de 3 % des collégiens bénéficient des rar . L’évaluation d’un tel dispositif se heurte à deux biais. D’une part, le mode de sélection des établissements dans le programme fait que les élèves scolarisés en rar réussiraient moins bien, en moyenne, que les autres, y compris en l’absence du dispositif. D’autre part, le collège n’est pas le niveau d’analyse adéquat, dans la mesure où les élèves peuvent s’autosélectionner dans le dispositif. Pour évaluer au niveau de l’élève l’effet causal du programme rar sur les résultats et les trajectoires scolaires à la fin du collège, nous utilisons une méthode de régression sur discontinuité et une base de données exhaustive et originale. Nous ne trouvons pas d’effet global de la scolarisation en rar sur les performances scolaires à la fin du collège. Cette absence d’effet moyen pourrait être due à des effets différenciés selon les caractéristiques des élèves.