bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclopalladated Azo–linked Porous Polymers in C–C Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Xu Chao , Afewerki Samson , Tai Cheuk‐Wai , Córdova Armando , Hedin Niklas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe designed a new cyclopalladated porous polymer (cyclo‐Pd(II)/PP‐2) with up to 20.7 wt% of Pd and investigated it as a heterogeneous catalyst for C–C bond‐forming transformations. It was also shown to be an effective scavenger for Pd2+ in solution. The palladacycles formed along the backbone of the azo‐linked porous polymer (PP‐2) with (Pd–N) and (Pd–C) bonds as were confirmed by a combination of spectroscopies. The cyclo‐Pd(II)/PP‐2 decomposed when used for Suzuki and Heck cross‐coupling reactions, and acyclic‐Pd/PP‐2 formed with Pd nanoparticles (NPs) bound to the PP‐2. The Suzuki couplings were highly efficient in water and exhibited excellent recyclability. The cyclo‐Pd(II)/PP‐2 was also an effective heterogeneous Lewis‐acid catalyst for stereoselective carbocyclization reactions.
Reversing the Photocatalytic Activity Orders of Anatase TiO2 Facets by Surface Treatment
Authors: Lei Yanqiang , Lu Xiaoqing 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlthough the photocatalytic activities of the different facets of anatase TiO2 have been investigated extensively, controversies still abound in the photocatalytic orders of the facets. In the present work, we investigated the photocatalytic activity of different facets of anatase TiO2 treated with different surface treatment methods. The anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with {001} and {101} facets were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using hydrofluoric acid to control the ratio of different facets. The F− ions were removed by two methods: washing with NaOH aqueous solution or calcination. The photocatalytic activities of facets were characterized by dye degradation and the defects on the facets were investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Our results showed that different surface treatment methods could reverse the photocatalytic order of different facets. the calcination could enhance the density of oxygen vacancy on {001} facets and result in a photocatalytic order of {001} > {101}. In contrast, washing with NaOH aqueous solution produced inverse order.
Total Synthesis of the Natural Product (+)‐trans‐Dihydronarciclasine via an Asymmetric Organocatalytic [3+3]‐Cycloaddition and discovery of its potent anti‐Zika Virus (ZIKV) Activity
Authors: Revu Omkar , Zepeda‐Velázquez Carlos , Nielsen Alex J. , McNulty James , Yolken Robert H. , Jones‐Brando Lorraine 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn asymmetric total synthesis of the natural product (+)‐trans‐dihydronarciclasine has been achieved from α‐azidoacetone and cinnamaldehyde precursors via a stepwise asymmetric [3+3]‐organocatalytic cascade. The anti‐Zika virus activity of this compound is also reported for the first time.
Is geographical location a barrier for echo training? An observational account of 10 student cardiac sonographers' pursuit to achieve accreditation
Authors: Williamson Jacqueline M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionTraining cardiac sonographers is a lengthy process involving a large commitment of time and resources. By facilitating successful trainee outcomes, accreditation can be achieved in the shortest time possible. The purpose of this observational piece is to highlight potential barriers to the timely completion of cardiac sonographer training leading to accreditation as a medical sonographer.MethodsTen trainee cardiac sonographers completed the Practical Echo Training Program between 2007 and 2011. The programme encompasses 154 hours of practical and theoretical training in the performance of adult transthoracic echocardiography (echo). Participants were followed up several years after completion of the programme and the Australian Sonographer Accreditation Registry was consulted online to determine the accreditation status of the participants.ResultsEight of the participants continue to perform echo in a clinical setting. Four of these work in metropolitan sites and four work in regional sites. Those from metropolitan sites have all been successful in achieving accreditation. The four participants working in regional sites have not achieved accreditation.ConclusionsGeographical location may be a barrier to achieving accreditation as a medical sonographer. Additional research is required to evaluate further and to investigate other potential barriers.
Measuring the degree of non‐stationarity of a time series
Authors: Das Sourav , Nason Guy P. 
Published: November 2016

In time series analysis, there is an extensive literature on hypothesis tests that attempt to distinguish a stationary time series from a non‐stationary one. However, the binary distinction provided by a hypothesis test can be somewhat blunt when trying to determine the degree of non‐stationarity of a time series. This article creates an index that estimates a degree of non‐stationarity. This index might be used, for example, to classify or discriminate between series. Our index is based on measuring the roughness of a statistic estimated from the time series, which is calculated from the roughness penalty associated with a spline smoothing/penalized least‐squares method. We further use a resampling technique to obtain a likely range of index values obtained from a single realization of a time series. We apply our method to ascertain and compare the non‐stationarity index of the well‐known earthquake and explosion data. © 2016 The Authors. Stat Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Verification of flexural buckling according to Eurocode 3 part 1‐1 using bow imperfections
Authors: Lindner Joachim , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Just Adrian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe resistance of compression members may be calculated by the design buckling resistance based on the reduction factor χ, which depends on the slenderness, or by the cross‐section resistance based on internal forces according to a second‐order analysis taking into account equivalent initial bow imperfections as well. The second way is especially advantageous in the case of axial forces and bending. Values for equivalent initial bow imperfections are given in codes such as Eurocode 3 [5] or DIN 18800 [4]. For comparison, initial bow imperfections are derived here from the buckling curves for compression members with different cross‐sections, buckling directions and steel grades based on different types of cross‐sectional interaction. The results are discussed and commented with regard to the design of compression members. Furthermore, investigations are carried out for cases of axial compression and bending moments My or Mz. Data available from ultimate load calculations are used for comparison. The consequences for the assumed design verification according to second‐order theory are discussed and a proposal is presented.
Comparative assessment of the design of tubular elements according to offshore design standards and Eurocode 3
Authors: Manco Tiago , Rigueiro Maria Constança , Martins João Pedro , da Silva Luís Simões 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSteel circular tubular elements are among the most commonly used types of structural element in offshore structures. The objective of this paper is to perform a comparative analysis of design standards for offshore structures with a focus on the structural design of these elements. The intention is to reach a conclusion about the level of safety that offshore and construction standards provide regarding the design of tubular circular elements. To this end, the bearing capacity obtained with ISO 19902 and Eurocode 3 (which does not contain specific provisions for offshore structures) parts 1‐1 and 1‐6 will be compared in a broad parametric study. Subsequently, the accuracy and level of safety that ISO and EC3 assume are assessed through numerical analysis using the ABAQUS software. The performance of a set of steel circular tubular elements is evaluated under axial compression and hydrostatic pressure. Finally, the interaction between axial compression and hydrostatic pressure is also analysed.
Experimental and numerical assessment of RHS T‐joints subjected to brace and chord axial forces
Authors: Nizer Adriano , de Lima Luciano R. O. , da S. Vellasco Pedro C. G. , de Andrade Sebastião A. L. , da S. Goulart Evandro , da Silva André T. , da C. Neves Luis F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe demand for the use of hollow section structures in construction has experienced great progress in Brazil, despite being widely used for a long time in Europe and developed countries. The release of a Brazilian Technical Standard specifically for the design of hollow sections confirms this trend, together with the need for increased dissemination and implementation of studies and research to enable a better understanding and development of this technology. This paper presents experimental and numerical evaluations of the influence of chord normal stresses on the behaviour of tubular T‐joints. The experimental programme consisted of six tests applying compressive loads to the brace. These results were compared with the numerical results obtained from a finite element model simulation performed in ANSYS to extend the results to cases with tension forces on the brace. The results were compared with the design provisions in Eurocode 3, Brazilian standard NBR 16239:2013 and ISO 14346. A new equation for the case where compression loads are applied to the chord for n ≤ ‐0.5 is therefore proposed, providing better agreement with the experimental and numerical results.
Circular concrete‐filled dual steel columns with ultrahigh‐strength concrete
Authors: Romero Manuel L. , Albero Vicente , Espinós Ana , Hospitaler Antonio , Pons David , Portolés José M. , Ibañez Carmen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an experimental campaign in which the buckling resistance of 12 concrete‐filled dual steel columns was ascertained. Whereas some papers in the literature describe investigations into concentrically loaded stub columns with such typology, no investigations of slender columns have been found to date. The tests presented in this paper are the preliminary results of an extensive experimental campaign (28 tests) that analysed the effects of two parameters: strength of concrete (normal‐ and ultrahigh‐strength concrete) and the ratio between the thicknesses of the inner and outer steel tubes. A numerical model was also developed and validated, which helps further investigations. The buckling load of the specimens at room temperature is analysed in terms of the strength of the concrete and the appropriate distribution of the steel in the composite column. By maintaining the same total area of steel, two combinations were initially studied: ”thick outer tube–thin inner tube“ and ”thin outer tube–thick inner tube“. Finally, a discussion about the Eurocode 4 simplified method for composite columns, applied to these innovative specimens, is presented and shows unreliable results. Therefore, further tests would be needed to assess accurately the Eurocode 4 simplified method.
Re‐evaluation of the shear criterion for RHS overlap joints
Authors: Wardenier Jaap , Packer Jeffrey , Puthli Ram , Bijlaard Frans 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper deals with a proposal to revise the effective width terms in the brace shear criterion for overlap joints in rectangular hollow sections (RHS). The background to the design equations in ISO 14346 for the failure modes, brace effective width, chord M‐N interaction and brace shear are described first. That is followed by the relation between overlap joints in circular hollow sections and those in rectangular hollow sections and those with an I‐ or H‐section chord. Finally, it is shown that the effective width terms in the brace shear criterion can – in the case of 100 % overlap joints – be better related to the thickness of the overlapped brace. In the case of smaller overlaps, λov,limit ≤ λov ≤ 100 %, the effective width should also be related to the thickness of the overlapping brace, where λov,limit depends on whether the hidden seam at the toe of the overlapped brace has been welded.
Low-Dose Pesticide Mixture Induces Senescence in Normal Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) and Promotes Tumorigenic Phenotype in Premalignant MSC
Authors: Hochane Mazene , Trichet Valerie , Pecqueur Claire , Avril Pierre , Oliver Lisa , Denis Jerome , Brion Regis , Amiaud Jerome , Pineau Alain , Naveilhan Philippe , Heymann Dominique , Vallette François M. , Olivier Christophe 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Humans are chronically exposed to multiple environmental pollutants such as pesticides with no significant evidence about the safety of such poly-exposures. We exposed mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to very low doses of mixture of seven pesticides frequently detected in food samples for 21 days in vitro. We observed a permanent phenotype modification with a specific induction of an oxidative stress-related senescence. Pesticide mixture also induced a shift in MSC differentiation towards adipogenesis but did not initiate a tumorigenic transformation. In modified MSC in which a premalignant phenotype was induced, the exposure to pesticide mixture promoted tumorigenic phenotype both in vitro and in vivo after cell implantation, in all nude mice. Our results suggest that a common combination of pesticides can induce a premature ageing of adult MSC, and as such could accelerate age-related diseases. Exposure to pesticide mixture may also promote the tumorigenic transformation in a predisposed stromal environment.
Abstract Video Link: https://youtu.be/mfSVPTol-Gk Stem Cells 2017;35:800–811
From climate finance toward sustainable development finance
Authors: Steckel Jan Christoph , Jakob Michael , Flachsland Christian , Kornek Ulrike , Lessmann Kai , Edenhofer Ottmar 
Published: November 2016

Decarbonizing the global energy system requires large‐scale investment flows, with a central role for international climate finance to mobilize private funds. The willingness to provide international finance in accordance with common but differentiated responsibilities was acknowledged by the broad endorsement of the Paris Agreement, and the Green Climate Funds in particular. The international community aims to mobilize at least USD 100 billion per year for mitigation and adaption in developing countries. In this article, we argue that too little attention has been paid on the spending side of climate finance, both in the political as well as the academic debate. To this end, we review the challenges encountered in project‐based approaches of allocating climate finance in the past. In contrast to project‐based finance, we find many advantages to spending climate finance in support of price‐based national policies. First, the support for international climate cooperation is improved when efforts of successively rising domestic carbon pricing levels are compensated. Second, carbon pricing sets incentives for least‐cost mitigation. Third, investing domestic revenues from emission pricing schemes could advance a country's individual development goals and ensure the recipient's ‘ownership’ of climate policies. We conclude that by reconciling the global goal of cost‐efficient mitigation with national policy priorities, climate finance for carbon pricing could become a central pillar of sustainable development and promote international cooperation to achieve the climate targets laid down in the Paris Agreement. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e437. doi: 10.1002/wcc.437This article is categorized under:

Climate Economics > Economics and Climate Change
Climate and Development > Decoupling Emissions from Development
Adaptive joint precoding and pre‐equalization with reduced complexity in massive MIMO systems
Authors: Xiong Du , Peng Wei , Chen Da , Jiang Tao 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a massive multiple input multiple output downlink scenario is considered where the number of users varies in a large dynamic range. An adaptive joint precoding and pre‐equalization with reduced complexity is proposed. Specifically, the successive over‐relaxation method is employed in the pre‐equalization process to avoid the high‐dimensional channel matrix inversion, and a reduced‐length feedback filter is proposed to reduce the computational complexity of the precoding. Moreover, an adaptive transceiver structure is proposed to switch on/off the precoding process so that multiple users can be accommodated with the least cost of the computational complexity. Simulation results show that, compared with the traditional scheme, the proposed adaptive joint precoding and pre‐equalization can save about 90% of the computational complexity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tensor decompositions and data fusion in epileptic electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging data
Authors: Hunyadi Borbála , Dupont Patrick , Van Paesschen Wim , Van Huffel Sabine 
Published: November 2016

Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) record a mixture of ongoing neural processes, physiological and nonphysiological noise. The pattern of interest, such as epileptic activity, is often hidden within this noisy mixture. Therefore, blind source separation (BSS) techniques, which can retrieve the activity pattern of each underlying source, are very useful. Tensor decomposition techniques are very well suited to solve the BSS problem, as they provide a unique solution under mild constraints. Uniqueness is crucial for an unambiguous interpretation of the components, matching them to true neural processes and characterizing them using the component signatures. Moreover, tensors provide a natural representation of the inherently multidimensional EEG and fMRI, and preserve the structural information defined by the interdependencies among the various modes such as channels, time, patients, etc. Despite the well‐developed theoretical framework, tensor‐based analysis of real, large‐scale clinical datasets is still scarce. Indeed, the application of tensor methods is not straightforward. Finding an appropriate tensor representation, suitable tensor model, and interpretation are application dependent choices, which require expertise both in neuroscience and in multilinear algebra. The aim of this paper is to provide a general guideline for these choices and illustrate them through successful applications in epilepsy. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1197. doi: 10.1002/widm.1197This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Biological Data Mining
Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery
How to understand atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of RNA and protein–RNA complexes?
Authors: Šponer Jiří , Krepl Miroslav , Banáš Pavel , Kührová Petra , Zgarbová Marie , Jurečka Petr , Havrila Marek , Otyepka Michal 
Published: November 2016

We provide a critical assessment of explicit‐solvent atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of RNA and protein/RNA complexes, written primarily for non‐specialists with an emphasis to explain the limitations of MD. MD simulations can be likened to hypothetical single‐molecule experiments starting from single atomistic conformations and investigating genuine thermal sampling of the biomolecules. The main advantage of MD is the unlimited temporal and spatial resolution of positions of all atoms in the simulated systems. Fundamental limitations are the short physical time‐scale of simulations, which can be partially alleviated by enhanced‐sampling techniques, and the highly approximate atomistic force fields describing the simulated molecules. The applicability and present limitations of MD are demonstrated on studies of tetranucleotides, tetraloops, ribozymes, riboswitches and protein/RNA complexes. Wisely applied simulations respecting the approximations of the model can successfully complement structural and biochemical experiments. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1405. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1405This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry
Health-related quality of life and function in middle-aged individuals with thalidomide embryopathy
Authors: Ghassemi Jahani Shadi A. , Karlsson Jon , Brisby Helena , Danielsson Aina J. 
Published: November 2016

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of limb malformations on health-related quality of life (HRQL) and function of the extremities in middle-aged individuals with thalidomide embryopathy (TE). Between 1959 and 1962, approximately 150 children with multiple malformations were born in Sweden following the maternal intake of thalidomide during pregnancy, of whom 100 survived. Methods Thirty-one individuals with TE underwent evaluations of musculoskeletal manifestations by clinical examination. Validated questionnaires were used for the assessment of general HRQL [the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the EuroQ Five Dimensions health questionnaire (EQ-5D)]. The function of the upper and lower extremities was evaluated using specific questionnaires (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale and Rheumatoid and Arthritis Outcome Score, respectively). The lower limbs were evaluated by computed tomography. The median age of the study group was 46 years, and 42% were females. Twenty-five individuals had malformations of the hand, but 27 had a grip function. Five individuals had severe lower limb malformations. Individuals with at least one extremity with major malformation(s) that affected function ( n = 15) were compared with those without ( n = 16). Results The physical HRQL for the entire study group [mean 40.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 35.4–45.8], as evaluated by the Physical Composite Score (PCS) of the SF-36, was significantly lower than the national norm value (population-based norm) of 50.0, and the physical HRQL of the subgroup with major limb malformations (15/31) was even lower (mean 34.6, 95% CI 25.9–43.4). The mental aspects of HRQL, based on SF-36 and EQ-5D scores, were not affected in the entire study group or in the subgroups. Conclusion The physical quality of life was significantly lower in individuals with TE compared with the general national population, while the mental aspects were not affected. Level of evidence IV.
The effect of volatility persistence on excess returns
Authors: Jain Ajeet , Strobl Sascha 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the effect of volatility persistence in explaining excess returns in conjunction with established factors. We use an I‐GARCH model to estimate volatility persistence for each company on the NYSE for each year between 1989 and 2014. We find that volatility persistence is significant in explaining excess returns for medium to high turnover portfolios. We also find a similar relationship for portfolios sorted on size. This study tries to disentangle the effects of various information asymmetry aspects in asset pricing and show that not only volatility itself but also its persistence is important in explaining returns.
Hollow vortices in shear
Authors: Zannetti Luca , Ferlauto Michele , Llewellyn Smith Stefan G. 
Published: November 2016

An analytical method for determining the shape of hollow vortices in shear flows is presented in detail. In a non-dimensional formulation, it is shown that the problem has one degree of freedom represented by the free choice of the non-dimensionalized speed $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$ at the boundary of the vortex. The solutions form two families of shapes corresponding to vortex circulation and shear-flow vorticity having the opposite or same sign. When the signs are opposite, the shape family resembles that described by Llewellyn Smith & Crowdy (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 691, 2012, pp. 178–200) for hollow vortices in a potential flow with strain. As for that flow, there is a minimum value of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$ below which there is no solution as the boundary of the vortex self-intersects, while, when the signs are the same, solutions exist for $0<\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$.