bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shortcomings in the Trust Law, 1979
Authors: Weisman Joshua 
Published: February 2016

The Trust Law, 1979, came into force at the beginning of February, 1980, resolving the debate of many years as to whether the institution of private trusts is recognized in the Israeli legal system. The debate was carried on in the cases, and in scholarly articles, but despite all the ink that was spilt, the law remained uncertain. Two views recently expressed on the question, one by Cohn J. in the case ofInzelv.Kugelmas, and the other by experts in the Ministry of Justice in their preamble to the Trust Bill, are clear evidence of the uncertainty. Cohn J. wrote:The learned advocate was not aware that this Court has already recognized the existence of private trusts in Israeli Law several times, and will not turn the clock back now…The experts in the Ministry of Justice, on the other hand, stated that—The courts in Israel ruled, both in the time of the Mandate and after the establishment of the State, that the institution of private trusts has not been incorporated into Israeli law.
You can't pay me to quit: the failure of financial incentives for smoking cessation in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Ghosh A , Philiponis G , Bewley A , Ransom E R , Mirza N 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjective:A prospective randomised study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital to evaluate the effects of financial incentives for smoking cessation targeted at a high-risk population.Methods:Patients with a past history of head and neck cancer were voluntarily enrolled over a two-year period. They were randomised to a cash incentives or no incentive group. Subjects were offered enrolment in smoking cessation courses. Smoking by-product levels were assessed at 30 days, 3 months and 6 months. Subjects in the incentive group received $150 if smoking cessation was confirmed.Results:Over 2 years, 114 patients with an established diagnosis of head and neck cancer were offered enrolment. Twenty-four enrolled and 14 attended the smoking cessation classes. Only two successfully quit smoking at six months. Both these patients were in the financially incentivised group and received $150 at each test visit.Conclusion:Providing a financial incentive for smoking cessation to a population already carrying a diagnosis of head and neck cancer in order to promote a positive behaviour change was unsuccessful.
Translating Coercion Policy into Inter-Organisational Collaboration–the Implementation of Compulsory Community Care for People with Mental Illness
Authors: ZETTERBERG LIV , MARKSTRÖM URBAN , SJÖSTRÖM STEFAN 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn 2008, compulsory community care (CCC) for people with severe mental illness was introduced in Sweden. CCC requires co-operation between psychiatric and social services, thus further complicating the longstanding difficulties with service coordination in the mental health field.This article investigates what happens when a new policy is introduced that assumes complex co-operation of two organisations bestowed with high degrees of discretion. The process of institutionalisation will be analysed in terms of how an idea is translated and materialised on local levels. This has been investigated by interviewing key informants within psychiatric and social services at three different locations.The implementation was perceived as relatively successful and occurred without major conflict. The main effect of the new legislation was improvement in the coordination of services, where designing a template form for a coordinated care plan was central. The inter-organisational discussions about service coordination that arose had a spill-over effect on services for other patient groups.In essence, respondents describe CCC as a pedagogical reform to promote the coordination of services, rather than a reform to increase coercive powers over patients. This raises concerns about the legitimacy of the reform.
HOSPITAL MANAGERS’ NEED FOR INFORMATION ON HEALTH TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENTS
Authors: Ølholm Anne Mette , Kidholm Kristian , Birk-Olsen Mette , Christensen Janne Buck 
Published: February 2016

Objectives: There is growing interest in implementing hospital-based health technology assessment (HB-HTA) as a tool to facilitate decision making based on a systematic and multidisciplinary assessment of evidence. However, the decision-making process, including the informational needs of hospital decision makers, is not well described. The objective was to review empirical studies analysing the information that hospital decision makers need when deciding about health technology (HT) investments.Methods: A systematic review of empirical studies published in English or Danish from 2000 to 2012 was carried out. The literature was assessed by two reviewers working independently. The identified informational needs were assessed with regard to their agreement with the nine domains of EUnetHTA's Core Model.Results: A total of 2,689 articles were identified and assessed. The review process resulted in 14 relevant studies containing 74 types of information that hospital decision makers found relevant. In addition to information covered by the Core Model, other types of information dealing with political and strategic aspects were identified. The most frequently mentioned types of information in the literature related to clinical, economic and political/strategic aspects. Legal, social, and ethical aspects were seldom considered most important.Conclusions: Hospital decision makers are able to describe their information needs when deciding on HT investments. The different types of information were not of equal importance to hospital decision makers, however, and full agreement between EUnetHTA's Core Model and the hospital decision-makers’ informational needs was not observed. They also need information on political and strategic aspects not covered by the Core Model.
A relative Grace Theorem for complex polynomials
Authors: PLAUMANN DANIEL , PUTINAR MIHAI 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe study the pullback of the apolarity invariant of complex polynomials in one variable under a polynomial map on the complex plane. As a consequence, we obtain variations of the classical results of Grace and Walsh in which the unit disk, or a circular domain, is replaced by its image under the given polynomial map.
The coping strategies used by adolescents in intact and in separated families
Authors: Frydenberg Erica , Lewis Ramon 
Published: February 2016

While for some young people family life is smooth sailing, for many others it is fraught with turbulence. In this study of secondary students in metropolitan Melbourne the major concerns of children in intact and separated families were compared. The study also compared how young people cope according to their family circumstances. The 238 young people who live in intact households reported fights with parents and happiness as their major concerns. The major concern of the 114 young people in separated households was lack of access to the non-residential parent.The investigation utilised the Adolescent Coping Scale (Frydenberg & Lewis, 1993a), an 80-item instrument developed and validated over a five-year period as an instrument to measure adolescent coping. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant variation in coping according to gender and a significant relationship between coping and family status. There were significant gender differences regardless of whether the families were intact or separated.
Children and Adolescents: The Impact of the Internet
Authors: Pelling Nadine J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Internet provides access to electronic mail (e-mail), chat rooms, visually represented social interactions, voice and video connections, games, and general Word Wide Web (www or web) surfing. For children and adolescents the Internet has three main uses: information-gathering, entertainment, and interpersonal communication. Many adults fear that youth Internet use will result in negative consequences. Other individuals promote the use of the Internet as supporting positive growth in children and adolescents. This article presents an overview of some of the main areas of concern regarding Internet use as well as its possible benefits. It is hoped that this information will assist school counsellors and psychologists support positive youth Internet use while avoiding negative aspects of Internet involvement.
Enhancing the Training of Counselling Professionals: A Process Approach
Authors: Barletta John , Vecchione Thomas P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article reflects on the issues associated with how a trainee counsellor develops as a result of their training and highlights the need for training programs to organise a formal process to establish or integrate policies and practices for the selection, induction, training, supervision and evaluation of postgraduate students. It considers issues relevant to program development and proposes a model that addresses issues for counsellor education. A comprehensive model for the components of counsellor training to become more systematic and integrated is outlined.
How Adolescents Cope With Bullying
Authors: Martin Jodie , Gillies Robyn M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBullying is a stressful event for adolescents at school and was the fourth most common reason for calls to Kids Help Line in 2002. This study sought to examine coping styles used by students affected by bullying in Years 8 and 10 attending three Queensland high schools. Eighty-eight students completed the Bully Survey containing questions about bullying experiences and the way they coped in those situations. No year level differences were found in terms of the type of bullying experienced or the way in which students coped with these experiences. A significant interaction was found between duration of bullying and perceived control for the proportional use of disengagement coping (i.e., denial, avoidance and wishful thinking strategies). A significant simple main effect was found between perceived stressfulness and proportional use of involuntary engagement coping (i.e., rumination, intrusive thoughts, emotional arousal, physiological arousal and impulsive actions). Implications of these findings for schools are discussed.
From education to research: a journey of utilising virtual training
Authors: Stewart-Lord Adéle 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundLondon South Bank University (LSBU) has successfully implemented Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training (VERT) across the therapeutic radiography training curricula and are now supporting the use of VERT for patient education in clinical departments. A number of publications have reported on the use of VERT in education and training; more recent literature has focused on the use of VERT for patient education.Materials and methodsThe successful introduction of VERT before students’ first clinical placements resulted in the development of a ‘Pre-Clinical week’ where students practice and improve their technical skills, using the hand controls without a patient present, leading to increased confidence in clinical practice. Other examples of VERT curriculum integration at LSBU focused on the use of VERT for anatomy teaching. The more recent innovation at LSBU relevant to VERT integration has been the design, development and implementation of collaborative research projects where the aims of the studies were to explore patients’ perceptions of VERT as an information giving resource before radiotherapy delivery.SummaryThe introduction of VERT as education tool has enabled academic staff to develop a range of teaching methods to embed virtual training into the traditional classroom setting, demonstrating innovation and collaboration.
Ecosystem services and tradeoffs in the home food gardens of African American, Chinese-origin and Mexican-origin households in Chicago, IL
Authors: Taylor John R. , Lovell Sarah Taylor , Wortman Sam E. , Chan Michelle 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWith increasing urbanization and environmental degradation, urban landscapes are increasingly expected to provide a wide range of ecosystem services typically associated with rural areas, including biodiversity conservation and food production. Because residential landscapes constitute the largest single urban land use, domestic gardens have emerged as a topic of research interest and planning concern. The ecosystem services (or disservices) these landscapes provide, however, have not been rigorously measured, nor have tradeoffs between the services they provide been assessed. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 59 African American, Chinese-origin or Mexican-origin households with on-lot or vacant lot food gardens in Chicago. Crop plants and cultivated ornamental plants on the lot were inventoried and mapped at the species level. A total of 123 edible plant taxa from 25 families and 288 ornamental plant species from 85 families were identified, for a combined total of 387 species from 90 families. Cumulatively, the gardens of African American households were relatively rich in ornamental plant species and families, while those of Chinese-origin households had a depauperate flora. Crop plant richness was more even across sample types. Shade trees and a developed shrub layer were absent from most gardens, possibly representing a tradeoff in ecosystem services in favor of food production. The richness of the aggregate 2.1 ha of residential property inventoried in this study was comparable with or exceeded that of a 34 ha prairie remnant west of Chicago. However, only 35 (9.6%) of the inventoried species were native to the Chicago area.
Are conservation agriculture (CA) systems productive and profitable options for smallholder farmers in different agro-ecoregions of Zimbabwe?
Authors: Mupangwa W. , Mutenje M. , Thierfelder C. , Nyagumbo I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractContinuous conventional tillage coupled with unsystematic cereal/legume rotations has promoted low crop productivity on smallholder farms. A multi-locational study was established in three agro-ecoregions (AEs) of Zimbabwe. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of four tillage systems (conventional plowing, planting basins, rip-line and animal traction direct seeding systems) on maize (Zea mays L.), cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] yields, and evaluate the economic performance of the conservation agriculture (CA) systems relative to conventional plowing. Each farmer was a replicate of the trial over the three cropping seasons. In the high (750–1000 mm per annum) and low (450–650 mm) rainfall AEs, conventional practice and CA systems gave similar maize grain yield. Under medium rainfall conditions (500–800 mm) planting basins, rip-line and direct seeding systems gave 547, 548 and 1690 kg ha−1 more maize yield than the conventional practice. In the high and low rainfall AEs, conventional practice and planting basins had the lowest maize production risk. Cowpea yield was 35 and 45% higher in the rip-line and direct seeding than conventional practice. Soybean yield was higher in rip-line (36%) and direct seeding (51%) systems than conventional practice. Direct seeding system gave the highest net benefits in all AEs. A combination of long-term biophysical and socio-economic assessments of the different cropping systems tested in our study is critical in order to fully understand their performance under different AEs of Zimbabwe.
Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren generalisierter Ängstlichkeit im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Otto Christiane , Petermann Franz , Barkmann Claus , Schipper Marc , Kriston Levente , Hölling Heike , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike , Klasen Fionna 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung. Die generalisierte Angststörung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen weist eine Prävalenz von 2 % und ein Erstmanifestationsalter von 8.5 Jahren auf. Anhand der Daten der BELLA-Kohortenstudie wurden Einflüsse ausgewählter Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren auf das Auftreten und die Entwicklung von Symptomen generalisierter Angststörung (generalisierte Ängstlichkeit) untersucht. Mit latenten Wachstumsmodellen und linearen Regressionen wurden die Angaben von n = 1 469 Teilnehmern (11 bis 17 Jahre) zu drei Messzeitpunkten analysiert. Zu Studienbeginn wirkte die elterliche Ängstlichkeit als Risikofaktor und das Selbstwertgefühl der Kinder und Jugendlichen als Schutzfaktor auf die generalisierte Ängstlichkeit. Initiale elterliche Ängstlichkeit wirkte auch nachhaltig auf die Veränderung generalisierter Ängstlichkeit über den Studienverlauf. Weiterhin ging eine Verbesserung des Selbstwertgefühls über den Studienverlauf mit einem Abfall generalisierter Ängstlichkeit einher. Einflüsse der potentiellen Schutzfaktoren elterliche Fürsorge und soziale Unterstützung lagen nicht vor. Obwohl nur geringe Effekte gefunden wurden, ist das Selbstwertgefühl für die klinische Arbeit mit Kindern und Jugendlichen mit generalisierter Angststörung interessant.
A short G1 phase imposes constitutive replication stress and fork remodelling in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Ahuja Akshay K. , Jodkowska Karolina , Teloni Federico , Bizard Anna H. , Zellweger Ralph , Herrador Raquel , Ortega Sagrario , Hickson Ian D. , Altmeyer Matthias , Mendez Juan , Lopes Massimo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEmbryonic stem cells (ESCs) represent a transient biological state, where pluripotency is coupled with fast proliferation. ESCs display a constitutively active DNA damage response (DDR), but its molecular determinants have remained elusive. Here we show in cultured ESCs and mouse embryos that H2AX phosphorylation is dependent on Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) and is associated with chromatin loading of the ssDNA-binding proteins RPA and RAD51. Single-molecule analysis of replication intermediates reveals massive ssDNA gap accumulation, reduced fork speed and frequent fork reversal. All these marks of replication stress do not impair the mitotic process and are rapidly lost at differentiation onset. Delaying the G1/S transition in ESCs allows formation of 53BP1 nuclear bodies and suppresses ssDNA accumulation, fork slowing and reversal in the following S-phase. Genetic inactivation of fork slowing and reversal leads to chromosomal breakage in unperturbed ESCs. We propose that rapid cell cycle progression makes ESCs dependent on effective replication-coupled mechanisms to protect genome integrity.
The effects of potatoes and other carbohydrate side dishes consumed with meat on food intake, glycemia and satiety response in children
Authors: Akilen R , Deljoomanesh N , Hunschede S , Smith C E , Arshad M U , Kubant R , Anderson G H 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background:
The effect of carbohydrate (CHO) foods on blood glucose (BG) is ranked by their glycemic index (GI). Boiled and mashed potatoes (BMPs) are ranked as high GI foods, whereas pasta and rice have moderate GI rankings. The objective of this study was to compare ad libitum consumption of common CHO dishes consumed with meat on meal-time food intake and post-meal satiety, BG, insulin and gut hormones in 11- to 13-year-old normal weight children.

Methods:
Two randomized crossover studies were conducted. At weekly intervals, children (experiment 1: 12 males (M), 8 females (F); experiment 2: 6M, 6 F) received in random order 1 of 5 CHO side dishes of rice, pasta, BMP, fried French fries (FFF) or baked French fries (BFF) eaten freely together with a fixed amount of lean beef (100 g). In experiment-1, food intake over 30 min and subjective appetite were measured for 120 min. In experiment-2, the same outcomes were measured along with BG, plasma insulin and gut hormones.

Results:
The results for boys and girls were pooled as sex was not a factor. In both experiments, children consumed 30–40% less calories at meals with BMP (P<0.0001) compared with all other treatments, which were similar. BMP increased satiety, expressed as a change in appetite per kilocalorie, more than all other treatments (P<0.0001). FFF resulted in the lowest (P<0.0001) glucose and insulin at meal end and post-meal and peptide YY (PYY) post-meal. Blood measures were similar among all other treatments.

Conclusions:
The physiological functions of CHO foods consumed ad libitum at meal time on food intake, appetite, BG, insulin and gut hormone responses in children is not predicted by the GI.
Identification of differentially expressed miRNAs in individual breast cancer patient and application in personalized medicine
Authors: Peng F , Zhang Y , Wang R , Zhou W , Zhao Z , Liang H , Qi L , Zhao W , Wang H , Wang C , Guo Z , Gu Y 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have key roles in breast cancer progression, and their expression levels are heterogeneous across individual breast cancer patients. Traditional methods aim to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in populations rather than in individuals and are affected by the expression intensities of miRNAs in different experimental batches or platforms. Thus it is urgent to conduct miRNA differential expression analysis at an individual level for further personalized medicine research. We proposed a straightforward method to determine the differential expression of each miRNA in an individual patient by utilizing the reversal expression order of miRNA pairs between two conditions (cancer and normal tissue). We applied our method to breast cancer miRNA expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas and two other independent data sets. In total, 292 miRNAs were differentially expressed in individual breast cancer patients. Using the differential expression profile of miRNAs in individual patients, we found that the deregulations of miRNA tend to occur in specific breast cancer subtypes. We investigated the coordination effect between the miRNA and its target, based on the hypothesis that one gene function can be changed by copy number alterations of the corresponding gene or deregulation of the miRNA. We revealed that patients exhibiting an upregulation of hsa-miR-92b and patients with deletions ofPTENdid not tend to overlap, and hsa-miR-92b andPTENcoordinately regulated the pathway of ‘cell cycle’ and so on. Moreover, we discovered a new prognostic signature, hsa-miR-29c, whose downregulation was associated with poor survival of breast cancer patients.
Green fluorescent protein as a scaffold for high efficiency production of functional bacteriotoxic proteins in Escherichia coli
Authors: Soundrarajan Nagasundarapandian , Cho Hye-sun , Ahn Byeongyong , Choi Minkyung , Thong Le Minh , Choi Hojun , Cha Se-Yeoun , Kim Jin-Hoi , Park Choi-Kyu , Seo Kunho , Park Chankyu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe availability of simple, robust, and cost-effective methods for the large-scale production of bacteriotoxic peptides such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is essential for basic and pharmaceutical research. However, the production of bacteriotoxic proteins has been difficult due to a high degree of toxicity in bacteria and proteolytic degradation. In this study, we inserted AMPs into the Green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a loop region and expressed them as insoluble proteins in high yield, circumventing the inherent toxicity of AMP production in Escherichia coli. The AMPs inserted were released by cyanogen bromide and purified by chromatography. We showed that highly potent AMPs such as Protegrin-1, PMAP-36, Buforin-2, and Bactridin-1 are produced in high yields and produced AMPs showed similar activities compared to chemically synthesized AMPs. We increased the yield more than two-fold by inserting three copies of Protegrin-1 in the GFP scaffold. The immunogold electron micrographs showed that the expressed Protegrin-1 in the GFP scaffold forms large and small size aggregates in the core region of the inclusion body and become entirely nonfunctional, therefore not influencing the proliferation of E. coli. Our novel method will be applicable for diverse bacteriotoxic peptides which can be exploited in biomedical and pharmaceutical researches.