bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in interspecific Saccharomyces hybrids and their properties in winemaking
Authors: Verspohl Alexandra , Pignedoli Samuele , Giudici Paolo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in yeast hybrids is heteroplasmic, turning into homoplasmic after few cell cycles. Mitotype restoration is reported to be biparental and random. This study shows that mitotype restoration follows fixed schemata. We created isogenic, interspecific Saccharomyces cerevisiae × Saccharomyces uvarum hybrids through direct mating and analysed their mating frequency and mitotype. The mating frequency increased for most crosses in staggered mating. Mitotyping revealed that breeding lines with the same parental strain of S. cerevisiae and different parental strains of S. uvarum give rise to the same mitotype. According to our results, we postulate that the inheritance of mtDNA is dominated by one parental strain and that the superior mitotype is specific to each breeding line. Technological tests showed typical hybrid heterosis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A topological similarity‐based bootstrapping method for inferring food web parameters
Authors: Liu Wei‐Chung , Lai Shu‐Mei , Chen Hsuan‐Wien 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA food web is a representation of trophic interactions in an ecosystem. Food webs are often generated by a single dataset aggregated from one or several surveys. Point estimates of food web parameters can be calculated from the data, but it remains an open question as to how their corresponding interval estimates can be quantified. Although conventional methods such as bootstrapping represent potential solutions, they tend to underestimate several network parameters. Here, we propose a simple bootstrap‐based resampling procedure for inferring food web parameters. First, for a particular food web parameter, we obtain its point estimate by calculating the corresponding statistics from the original food web. Second, we generate a resampled food web by sampling with replacement the same number of species from the original food web, and for each resampled species we record how many prey items it consumes in the original food web. Third, a resampled species is allowed to consume its original prey species if such a species is also present; if not present, it instead consumes the resampled species that is most topologically similar to its original prey species. Many resampled food webs can be generated in this manner, and we calculate particular food web statistics for each of them. These form a sampling distribution from which interval estimates of the true food web parameter can be determined. We demonstrate our methodology on two different food web datasets and discuss its application in comparing food webs of various sizes and connectance.
Regulation of inflammatory pathways in schizophrenia: A comparative study with bipolar disorder and healthy controls
Authors: García-Álvarez L. , Caso J.R. , García-Portilla M.P. , de la Fuente-Tomás L. , González-Blanco L. , Sáiz Martínez P. , Leza J.C. , Bobes J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundImmune-inflammatory processes have been implicated in schizophrenia (SCH), but their specificity is not clear.Main aimTo identify potential differential intra-/intercellular biochemical pathways controlling immune-inflammatory response and their oxidative-nitrosative impact on SCH patients, compared with bipolar disorder (BD) patients and healthy controls (HC).MethodsCross-sectional, naturalistic study of a cohort of SCH patients (n=123) and their controls [BD (n=102) and HC (n=80)].Statistical analysisANCOVA (or Quade test) controlling for age and gender when comparing the three groups, and controlling for age, gender, length of illness, cigarettes per day, and body mass index (BMI) when comparing SCH and BD.ResultsPro-inflammatory biomarkers: Expression of COX-1 was statistically higher in SCH and BD than HC (P<0.0001; P<0.0001); NFκB and PGE2 were statistically higher in SCH compared with BD (P=0.001; P<0.0001) and HC (P=0.003; P<0.0001); NLRP3 was higher in BD than HC (P=0.005); and CPR showed a gradient among the three groups. Anti-inflammatory biomarkers: BD patients had lower PPARγ and higher 15d-PGJ2 levels than SCH (P=0.005; P=0.008) and HC (P=0.001; P=0.001). Differences between SCH and BD: previous markers of SCH (NFκB and PGE2) and BD (PPARγ and 15d-PGJ2) remained statistically significant and, interestingly, iNOS and COX-2 (pro-inflammatory biomarkers) levels were statistically higher in SCH than BD (P=0.019; P=0.040).ConclusionsThis study suggests a specific immune-inflammatory biomarker pattern for established SCH (NFκB, PGE2, iNOS, and COX-2) that differentiates it from BD and HC. In future, their pharmacological modulation may constitute a promising therapeutic target.
A Web-based module and online video for pain management education for caregivers of children with fractures: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Golden-Plotnik Stevi , Ali Samina , Drendel Amy L. , Wong Tammy , Ferlisi Frank , Todorovich Sydney , Canton Kyle , Miller Michael , Younan Julia , Elsie Sharlene , Poonai Naveen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionOver 80% of children experience compromise in functioning following a fracture. Digital media may improve caregiver knowledge of managing fracture pain at home.ObjectivesTo determine whether an educational video was superior to an interactive web-based module (WBM) and verbal instructions, the standard of care (SOC).MethodsThis randomized trial included caregivers of children 0-17 years presenting to the emergency department (ED) with non-operative fractures. Primary outcome was the gain score (pre-post intervention) on a 21-item questionnaire testing knowledge surrounding pain recognition and management for children with fractures. Secondary outcomes included survey of caregiver confidence in managing pain (five-item Likert scale), number of days with difficulty sleeping, before return to a normal diet, and work/school missed.ResultsWe analyzed 311 participants (WBM 99; video 108; SOC 104) with a mean (SD) child age of 9.6 (4.2) years, of which 125/311 (40.2%) were female. The video (delta=2.3, 95% CI: 1.3, 3.3; p<0.001) and WBM (delta=1.6; 95% CI: 0.5, 2.6; p=0.002) groups had significantly greater gain scores than the SOC group. The mean video gain score was not significantly greater than WBM (delta=0.7; 95% CI: -0.3, 1.8; p=0.25). There were no significant differences in caregiver confidence (p=0.4), number of absent school days (p=0.43), nights with difficulty sleeping (p=0.94), days before return to a normal diet (p=0.07), or workdays missed (p=0.95).ConclusionsA web-based module and online video are superior to verbal instructions for improving caregiver knowledge on management of children’s fracture pain without improvement in functional outcomes
Explaining extremism: Western women in Daesh
Authors: Loken Meredith , Zelenz Anna 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWomen participate extensively in armed, Islamist struggle. In recent years, foreign women have travelled from the West to join Daesh. Their participation perplexes policymakers, government officials, and researchers who call attention to the group’s gendered regulation, violence, and widespread use of rape. Consequently, observers often argue that women are deceived by the organisation or seduced by the promise of romance. This suggests that women would not, under rational circumstances, choose to join the group. In this article, we address two resultant questions: why do Western women join Daesh? Are their motivations distinct from other Islamist recruits? Using an original dataset of social media activity from 17 Western female recruits between 2011–15, we conclude that women are primarily driven by religious ideology that adopts an expressly gendered frame. We find that feelings of isolation and disaffection also drive migration. We suggest that female foreign recruits are not unique in their motivations and share many similarities with male fighters and women in other Islamist organisations. This research has valuable implications for security studies and counterterrorism, which tend to treat extremist women as unique. Female recruits should be taken seriously as insurgents intent on establishing an Islamic caliphate.
Morality and Sociability in Commercial Society: Smith, Rousseau—and Mandeville
Authors: Douglass Robin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn 1756 Adam Smith reviewed Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality and claimed that it was indebted to the second volume of Bernard Mandeville's The Fable of the Bees. While much recent scholarship has taken this as the point of departure for studying Smith's engagement with Rousseau, the place of Mandeville in shaping that engagement has been largely neglected. This article brings Mandeville back into the picture and reassesses Smith's engagement with both thinkers in light of the connections he identified between their works. This involves reconstructing Mandeville's historicized account of the development of sociability and government, and showing how Rousseau developed this to articulate his critique of modern society. In evaluating Smith's response to this challenge, it is argued that he only partially succeeded in distancing his own analysis of commercial society from Mandeville's principles.
Comparison of the environmental performance of different treatment scenarios for the main phosphorus recycling sources
Authors: Hörtenhuber Stefan Josef , Theurl Michaela Clarissa , Möller Kurt 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEfficient phosphorus (P) recycling from rural and urban areas is becoming an increasing issue due to the scarcity of natural P deposits. Based on a life cycle assessment (LCA), we analyzed the environmental performance of 17 different P supply and recycling approaches from urban wastes, biosolids and slaughterhouse wastes compared with the two conventional inorganic fertilizers phosphate rock and triple superphosphate. The results show that many recycled P fertilizers (RPFs; e.g., digestates from urban organic wastes, biosolids and their ashes, meat and bone meal (MBM) and its recycling products) are competitive in terms of LCA results compared with conventional P fertilizers. For each of the P recycling sources, one or more treatment options were identified, which have more favorable LCA results than the conventional references. For sewage sludge, we found that direct application of the stabilized biosolids, and incineration with application of the ash showed the lowest LCA impacts per kg P; their treatments even generated net credits from added values. The same applies for the anaerobic digestion treatment of urban organic wastes. For MBM, low environmental impacts were identified for each of the analyzed treatment options, especially for anaerobic digestion, incineration, feeding with application of manure and direct application. Similarly, low environmental impacts and net credits were found for directly applied biomass ash. Some organically based RPFs demonstrate added values, i.e., as nitrogen and potassium fertilizer effect, energy gains during the treatment, or a humus sequestration potential. If these added values are considered in the LCAs, 11 out of 17 RPFs will have advantageous effects for the majority of addressed impact categories.
An Ultra-Short Measure for Work Engagement
Authors: Schaufeli Wilmar B. , Shimazu Akihito , Hakanen Jari , Salanova Marisa , De Witte Hans 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The current study introduces an ultra-short, 3-item version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Using five national samples from Finland ( N = 22,117), Japan ( N = 1,968), the Netherlands ( N = 38,278), Belgium/Flanders ( N = 5,062), and Spain ( N = 10,040) its internal consistency and factorial validity vis-à-vis validated measures of burnout, workaholism, and job boredom are demonstrated. Moreover, the UWES-3 shares 86–92% of its variance with the longer nine-item version and the pattern of correlations of both versions with 9 indicators of well-being, 8 job demands, 10 job resources, and 6 outcomes is highly similar with an average, absolute difference between correlations of only .02. Hence, it is concluded that the UWES-3 is a reliable and valid indicator of work engagement that can be used as an alternative to the longer version, for instance in national and international epidemiological surveys on employee’s working conditions.
p53 dynamics orchestrates with binding affinity to target genes for cell fate decision
Authors: Wu Mengqiu , Ye Hui , Tang Zhiyuan , Shao Chang , Lu Gaoyuan , Chen Baoqiang , Yang Yuyu , Wang Guangji , Hao Haiping 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEmerging evidence support that temporal dynamics is pivotal for signaling molecules in orchestrating smart responses to diverse stimuli. p53 is such a signaling molecule that employs temporal dynamics for the selective activation of downstream target genes and ultimately for cell fate decision. Yet how this fine-tuned p53 machinery is quantitatively decoded remains largely unclear. Here we report a quantitative mechanism defining how p53 dynamics orchestrates with binding affinity to target genes for cell fate decision. Treating cells with a genotoxic drug doxorubicin at various doses and durations, we found that a mild and prolonged challenge triggered sequential p53 pulses and ultimately resulted in a terminal pulse enacting apoptosis in a comparable rate with that induced by an acute and high-dose treatment. To transactivate proapoptotic genes and thereafter executing apoptosis, p53 must exceed a certain threshold and accumulate for sufficient time at levels above it. Effective cumulative levels above the threshold, defined as E∫p53, but not the total accumulation levels of p53, precisely discriminate survival and apoptotic cells. p53 accumulation below this threshold, even with prolonging time to reach a total level comparable to that from the accumulation over the threshold, could not transactivate proapoptotic genes to which the binding affinity of p53 is lower than that of proarrest genes, and this property is independent of dynamic features. Our findings indicate that the dynamic feature per se does not directly control cell fate, but rather it orchestrates with the binding affinity to target genes to confer an appropriate time window for cell fate choice. Our study provides a quantitative mechanism unifying p53 dynamics and binding affinity to target genes, providing novel insights to understand how p53 can respond quantitatively to chemotherapeutic drugs, and guiding the design of metronomic regimens for chemotherapeutic drugs.
miR-3656 expression enhances the chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine through modulation of the RHOF/EMT axis
Authors: Yang Rui-Meng , Zhan Ming , Xu Sun-Wang , Long Man-Mei , Yang Lin-Hua , Chen Wei , Huang Shuai , Liu Qiang , Zhou Jun , Zhu Jun , Wang Jian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe highly refractory nature of pancreatic cancer (PC) to chemotherapeutic drugs is one of the key reasons contributing to the poor prognosis of this disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and have been implicated in a variety of processes from cancer development through to drug resistance. Herein, through miRNA profiling of gemcitabine-resistant (GR) and parental PANC-1 cell lines, we found a consistent reduction of miR-3656 in GR PANC-1 cells. miR-3656 overexpression enhanced the antitumor effect of gemcitabine, whereas silencing of miR-3656 resulted in the opposite effect. By performing mechanistic studies using both in vitro and in vivo models, we found that miR-3656 could target RHOF, a member of the Rho subfamily of small GTPases, and regulate the EMT process. Moreover, enforced EMT progression via TWIST1 overexpression compromised the chemotherapy-enhancing effects of miR-3656. Finally, we found significantly lower levels of miR-3656 and higher levels of RHOF in PC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous pancreatic tissues, and this was also associated with poor PC patients’ prognosis. Taken together, our results suggest that the miR-3656/RHOF/EMT axis is an important factor involved in regulating GR in PC, and highlights the potential of novel miR-3656-based clinical modalities as a therapeutic approach in PC patients.
Global hotspots and correlates of emerging zoonotic diseases
Authors: Allen Toph , Murray Kris A. , Zambrana-Torrelio Carlos , Morse Stephen S. , Rondinini Carlo , Di Marco Moreno , Breit Nathan , Olival Kevin J. , Daszak Peter 
Published: October 2017

AbstractZoonoses originating from wildlife represent a significant threat to global health, security and economic growth, and combatting their emergence is a public health priority. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying their emergence remains rudimentary. Here we update a global database of emerging infectious disease (EID) events, create a novel measure of reporting effort, and fit boosted regression tree models to analyze the demographic, environmental and biological correlates of their occurrence. After accounting for reporting effort, we show that zoonotic EID risk is elevated in forested tropical regions experiencing land-use changes and where wildlife biodiversity (mammal species richness) is high. We present a new global hotspot map of spatial variation in our zoonotic EID risk index, and partial dependence plots illustrating relationships between events and predictors. Our results may help to improve surveillance and long-term EID monitoring programs, and design field experiments to test underlying mechanisms of zoonotic disease emergence.
Actomyosin pulsation and flows in an active elastomer with turnover and network remodeling
Authors: Banerjee Deb Sankar , Munjal Akankshi , Lecuit Thomas , Rao Madan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTissue remodeling requires cell shape changes associated with pulsation and flow of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Here we describe the hydrodynamics of actomyosin as a confined active elastomer with turnover of its components. Our treatment is adapted to describe the diversity of contractile dynamical regimes observed in vivo. When myosin-induced contractile stresses are low, the deformations of the active elastomer are affine and exhibit spontaneous oscillations, propagating waves, contractile collapse and spatiotemporal chaos. We study the nucleation, growth and coalescence of actomyosin-dense regions that, beyond a threshold, spontaneously move as a spatially localized traveling front. Large myosin-induced contractile stresses lead to nonaffine deformations due to enhanced actin and crosslinker turnover. This results in a transient actin network that is constantly remodeling and naturally accommodates intranetwork flows of the actomyosin-dense regions. We verify many predictions of our study in Drosophila embryonic epithelial cells undergoing neighbor exchange during germband extension.
Activation of STAT3 integrates common profibrotic pathways to promote fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis
Authors: Chakraborty Debomita , Šumová Barbora , Mallano Tatjana , Chen Chih-Wei , Distler Alfiya , Bergmann Christina , Ludolph Ingo , Horch Raymund E. , Gelse Kolja , Ramming Andreas , Distler Oliver , Schett Georg , Šenolt Ladislav , Distler Jörg H. W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSignal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is phosphorylated by various kinases, several of which have been implicated in aberrant fibroblast activation in fibrotic diseases including systemic sclerosis (SSc). Here we show that profibrotic signals converge on STAT3 and that STAT3 may be an important molecular checkpoint for tissue fibrosis. STAT3 signaling is hyperactivated in SSc in a TGFβ-dependent manner. Expression profiling and functional studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that STAT3 activation is mediated by the combined action of JAK, SRC, c-ABL, and JNK kinases. STAT3-deficient fibroblasts are less sensitive to the pro-fibrotic effects of TGFβ. Fibroblast-specific knockout of STAT3, or its pharmacological inhibition, ameliorate skin fibrosis in experimental mouse models. STAT3 thus integrates several profibrotic signals and might be a core mediator of fibrosis. Considering that several STAT3 inhibitors are currently tested in clinical trials, STAT3 might be a candidate for molecular targeted therapies of SSc.
Stable and ordered amide frameworks synthesised under reversible conditions which facilitate error checking
Authors: Stewart David , Antypov Dmytro , Dyer Matthew S. , Pitcher Michael J. , Katsoulidis Alexandros P. , Chater Philip A. , Blanc Frédéric , Rosseinsky Matthew J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstarctCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are network polymers with long-range positional order whose properties can be tuned using the isoreticular chemistry approach. Making COFs from strong bonds is challenging because irreversible rapid formation of the network produces amorphous materials with locked-in disorder. Reversibility in bond formation is essential to generate ordered networks, as it allows the error-checking that permits the network to crystallise, and so candidate network-forming chemistries such as amide that are irreversible under conventional low temperature bond-forming conditions have been underexplored. Here we show that we can prepare two- and three-dimensional covalent amide frameworks (CAFs) by devitrification of amorphous polyamide network polymers using high-temperature and high-pressure reaction conditions. In this way we have accessed reversible amide bond formation that allows crystalline order to develop. This strategy permits the direct synthesis of practically irreversible ordered amide networks that are stable thermally and under both strong acidic and basic hydrolytic conditions.
Temporal correlation detection using computational phase-change memory
Authors: Sebastian Abu , Tuma Tomas , Papandreou Nikolaos , Le Gallo Manuel , Kull Lukas , Parnell Thomas , Eleftheriou Evangelos 
Published: October 2017

AbstractConventional computers based on the von Neumann architecture perform computation by repeatedly transferring data between their physically separated processing and memory units. As computation becomes increasingly data centric and the scalability limits in terms of performance and power are being reached, alternative computing paradigms with collocated computation and storage are actively being sought. A fascinating such approach is that of computational memory where the physics of nanoscale memory devices are used to perform certain computational tasks within the memory unit in a non-von Neumann manner. We present an experimental demonstration using one million phase change memory devices organized to perform a high-level computational primitive by exploiting the crystallization dynamics. Its result is imprinted in the conductance states of the memory devices. The results of using such a computational memory for processing real-world data sets show that this co-existence of computation and storage at the nanometer scale could enable ultra-dense, low-power, and massively-parallel computing systems.