bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in peritoneal dialysis catheter placement: the association between method of insertion, operator, and prior abdominal surgery and outcomes
Authors: Quinn Robert R. , Oliver Matthew J. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with comparable outcomes to hemodialysis and is much less expensive to provide in most parts of the world. A well functioning PD catheter is required, but complications are frequent, and while there are guidelines for the placement and care of a PD access, they are based on low-quality evidence.

Recent findings
Data reporting the outcomes of percutaneous, as compared to surgical pathways for placement of catheters and the role of operator type in determining outcomes are examined. The impact of prior abdominal procedures on patient selection and the prognostic importance of the presence of adhesions at the time of catheter insertion are reviewed.

Summary
There are conflicting data about the relative merits of percutaneous as compared to surgical placement of catheters that may relate to differences in patient selection, operator experience, or operator volume. Prior abdominal procedures are not associated with worse PD catheter outcomes and likely should not influence patient selection, except in exceptional circumstances. Finally, the presence of adhesions is associated with a higher risk of complications. However, even in the presence of adhesions, the termination of PD therapy and need for re-intervention occurs in <20% of patients.
Acalvaria, rare congenital malformation in palestine: case report and literature review
Authors: Salah Yasmeen Z. , Maraqa Bara’ M.N. , Halahla Hadeel A. , Jobran Afnan W. M. , Abdulrazzak Mohammed , Qaisiya Dia’a. , Maraqa Beesan 
Published: October 2024

Introduction and Importance:
Acalvaria is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by absent cranial vault bones, often misdiagnosed as anencephaly or encephalocele.

Case Presentation:
We present a case of a 10-day-old male neonate with Acalvaria, delivered normally at 37+5 weeks, with a birth weight of 2.7 kg and dysmorphic features including low-set ears and a sandal gap. Skull X-ray revealed absent parietal, temporal, and frontal bones. Initially admitted for potential sepsis, he has since shown normal development at three months, with ongoing conservative management.

Clinical Discussion:
Acalvaria is a rare congenital malformation marked by the absence of cranial vault bones, dura mater, and scalp muscles. Our case presents partial calvaria absence with normal skull base, classified as primary acalvaria. Associated anomalies necessitate thorough evaluation for prognosis. Diagnosis can occur as early as 12 weeks gestation via ultrasound, but management remains conservative, focusing on supportive care and monitoring for potential surgical interventions later.

Conclusion:
Acalvaria is a rare, fatal anomaly requiring conservative management; antenatal care and psychological preparation are essential for affected families.
Maternal Nutrition and Human Milk Nutrients
Authors: Kankaew Sukanya , Briere Carrie-Ellen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To explore the influence of maternal nutrition factors, including body mass index, nutritional supplementation, and dietary intake during the breastfeeding period, on macro and micronutrient composition in human milk.

Study Design and Methods:
We conducted a scoping review using the PRISMA-ScR checklist, initially identifying 5,984 original studies published in the English language from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science that presented findings on the association of maternal nutritional factors on human milk nutrient composition. After screening the title and abstract, we selected 69 studies for full review, including 3 studies found through checking reference lists. After full review, we included 23 studies in this scoping review.

Results:
Most studies found maternal body mass index and supplement consumption affected human milk macro and micronutrient composition, whereas inconsistent results were found on the relationship between maternal diet and human milk nutrients. Methodologies varied substantially across studies, especially for milk sample collection methods and maternal nutrition assessments.

Clinical implications:
Maternal nutrition factors may affect levels of human milk nutrients, requiring maternal nutrition monitoring during breastfeeding. However, given the considerable variability in the results between studies and methodological approaches, further studies should use standardized and validated procedures to strengthen the findings on this topic.
Physical Activity Levels, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Physical Literacy in Children With a Chronic Medical Condition
Authors: Noordstar Johannes J. , Sprong Maaike C.A. , Slieker Martijn G. , Takken Tim , van der Ent Cornelis K. , van Brussel Marco , Bartels Marije , Hulzebos Erik H.J. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
This study investigated differences in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and other physical literacy domains between children with a chronic medical condition (CMC) who adhered to with the physical activity guideline and those who did not.

Method:
Forty children with a CMC (7-12 years) wore an accelerometer for 7 days to measure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. CRF and muscle power were assessed with a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test, and motor performance was measured with an exercise course. Motivation, confidence, knowledge, and understanding were assessed with a questionnaire.

Results:
Children who adhered to the PA guideline (n = 13) scored significantly higher for CRF, muscle power, motivation and confidence than children who did not adhere to the PA guideline (n = 27). No significant differences were found for motor performance, knowledge and understanding.

Conclusion:
Future research should investigate the effect of paying specific attention to motivation and confidence in children with a CMC to stimulate their adherence to the PA guideline.
Intranasal Outer Cortex Splinting With a Kirschner Wire to Immobilize Reduced Buckle-out Segments in Nasal Fractures
Authors: Burm Jin Sik , Lee Jimin 
Published: October 2024

High-velocity lateral impacts to the nose sometimes cause nasal buckle-out fractures with a trapdoor buckle-out segment displaced outwards. Prolonged immobilization of a reduced buckle-out segment at risk for outward redisplacement remains challenging. Here we introduce a novel method of intranasal outer cortex splinting with a Kirshner (K)-wire to reinforce the reduced state and prevent outward re-displacement of the buckle-out segment. Eighteen patients with nasal buckle-out fractures underwent outer cortex K-wire splinting to securely immobilize a reduced but unstable buckle-out segment after indirect open reduction through intercartilaginous incisions and inner cortex K-wire splinting. A thin K-wire (diameter 0.8 mm) was inserted at the vestibule, passed above the upper lateral cartilage and the outer cortex of the reduced buckle-out segment, and extended to the cephalic non-fractured bone. The wire served as a crossbeam, effectively supporting the reduced buckle-out segment. All K-wires for inner and outer cortex splinting were removed 10 to 14 days postoperatively. Immediate postoperative computed tomography scans showed successful immobilization of buckle-out segments in 17 patients (94.5%). Postoperative 6-month scans of 7 patients showed excellent maintenance and bony alignment of buckle-out segments in all cases. Sixteen patients (88.9%) were satisfied with the overall external nasal contour at the last follow-up. There were no complications directly related to outer cortex K-wire splinting. One patient complained of a focal lateral protrusion resulting from the under-correction of a buckle-out segment. This technique may be a valuable option for immobilizing and maintaining reduced nasal buckle-out segments until a stable bony union is established.
Influence of the Inferior Turbinate on the Accuracy of Superior Maxillary Repositioning
Authors: Yamamoto Daisuke , Tomomatsu Nobuyoshi , Nakamura Taishi , Takahara Namiaki , Kurasawa Yasuhiro , Yoda Tetsuya 
Published: October 2024

Notably, many studies have focused on the bony interference in the maxillary segment when performing maxillary superior repositioning; however, few reports have described the interference with the inferior nasal turbinate. Therefore, the authors aimed to retrospectively analyze the soft tissue or bone tissue volume of the inferior nasal turbinate and the accuracy of maxillary superior repositioning in Le Fort I osteotomy (LF1). The authors included 83 patients with facial deformities who underwent conventional LF1 (maxillary molar elevation between 4.0 and 6.0 mm) with/without bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The ratio of the soft tissue of the inferior turbinate to that of the inferior nasal cavity was used to divide the participants into 2 subgroups (large and small ratio). Similarly, the bony tissue volume of the inferior turbinate was used to divide the participants into 2 subgroups (large and small bony tissues), and the planned or actual amount of superior repositioning was compared 3 dimensionally. In the soft tissue group, the subgroups showed no significant differences (P=0.934). However, the actual maxillary superior repositioning was significantly lower in the large bone group than in the planned maxillary elevation group (P<0.01). In cases where the maxillary molar needs to be elevated by >4 mm and the bone tissue of the inferior nasal turbinate is well developed, an adjunctive technique such as horseshoe osteotomy or partial inferior turbinate resection should be considered in addition to LF1 to avoid interference between the inferior nasal turbinate and the maxillary bone fragments.
An update on the role of focused ultrasound in neuro-oncology
Authors: Epstein Jordan E. , Pople Christopher B. , Meng Ying , Lipsman Nir 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Brain tumor treatment presents challenges for patients and clinicians, with prognosis for many of the most common brain tumors being poor. Focused ultrasound (FUS) can be deployed in several ways to circumvent these challenges, including the need to penetrate the blood–brain barrier and spare healthy brain tissue. This article reviews current FUS applications within neuro-oncology, emphasizing ongoing or recently completed clinical trials.

Recent findings
Most clinical interest in FUS for neuro-oncology remains focused on exploring BBB disruption to enhance the delivery of standard-of-care therapeutics. More recently, the application of FUS for radiosensitization, liquid biopsy, and sonodynamic therapy is garnering increased clinical attention to assist in tumor ablation, early detection, and phenotypic diagnosis. Preclinical studies show encouraging data for the immunomodulatory effects of FUS, but these findings have yet to be tested clinically.

Summary
FUS is a burgeoning area of neuro-oncology research. Data from several forthcoming large clinical trials should help clarify its role in neuro-oncology care.
Assessment of wearable robotics performance in patients with neurological conditions
Authors: Gerez Lucas , Micera Silvestro , Nuckols Richard , Proietti Tommaso 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
While wearable robotics is expanding within clinical settings, particularly for neurological rehabilitation, there is still a lack of consensus on how to effectively assess the performance of these devices. This review focuses on the most common metrics, whose selection and design are crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes and potentially improve the standard care.

Recent findings
The literature reveals that while wearable robots are equipped with various embedded sensors, most studies still rely on traditional, nontechnological methods for assessment. Recent studies have shown that, although quantitative data from embedded sensors are available (e.g., kinematics), these are underutilized in favor of qualitative assessments. A trend toward integrating automatic assessments from the devices themselves is emerging, with a few notable studies pioneering this approach.

Summary
Our analysis suggests a critical need for developing standardized metrics that leverage the data from embedded sensors in wearable robots. This shift could enhance the accuracy of patient assessments and the effectiveness of rehabilitation strategies, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes in neurological rehabilitation.
Adherence to optimal delirium management practices in intensive care units in Brazil: a nationwide survey
Authors: Bispo Mateus Meneses , Souza Regina Claudia da Silva 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Effective delirium management is crucial, considering its association with adverse outcomes. Adherence to best practices has the potential to reduce the incidence and prevalence of delirium and improve health outcomes.

Objectives:
The objectives of this project were to describe self-assessed adherence to best practices in delirium management by health care professionals in intensive care units (ICUs) in Brazil, assess the health care professionals’ perception of the importance of adequate delirium prevention and treatment in ICUs, and compare the compliance rates with best practices between public and private ICUs.

Method:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Brazil using an online questionnaire consisting of three parts, namely, data about the health care professionals and the ICU in which they worked; statements about the 17 best practices; and questions related to perceptions of delirium prevention and management by ICU physicians and nurses. The survey was sent to email addresses registered with the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine.

Results:
The compliance rate exceeded 50% for only eight best practices. These included the identification and management of pressure sores and falls in delirium patients, with compliance rates of 77.8% and 74.1%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Among ICU professionals in Brazil, adherence to best practices in delirium management is low, particularly for practices involving patient education and involvement of their relatives in their care. These results emphasize the importance of enhancing delirium management in Brazilian health care institutions, regardless of hospital classification.

Spanish abstract:

http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A274
Characterization of magnetically stabilized hinges for origami-inspired mechanisms
Authors: Pruett H. T. , Klocke P. , Howell L. , Magleby S. 
Published: October 2024

Origami-inspired mechanisms provide opportunities for deployable systems, including reflectarray antennas. There is a need for approaches to deploy and stabilize such arrays. Magnetic mechanisms show promise for meeting those needs and how methods for modelling their behaviour would facilitate their design and analysis. We demonstrate the existence of bistability in select configurations of magnetically stabilized hinges and characterize their equilibrium positions as a function of parameters estimated from simulation data for these mechanisms. Other relevant information such as potential energy, axial force data, angular position of unstable equilibria and transition values from bistability to monostability are also modelled. The results are verified through experimental torque and stability data for selected configurations of the mechanisms.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Origami/Kirigami-inspired structures: from fundamentals to applications’.
How periodic surfaces bend
Authors: Nassar Hussein 
Published: October 2024

A periodic surface is one that is invariant by a two-dimensional lattice of translations. Deformation modes that stretch the lattice without stretching the surface are effective membrane modes. Deformation modes that bend the lattice without stretching the surface are effective bending modes. For periodic piecewise smooth simply connected surfaces, it is shown that the effective membrane modes are, in a sense, orthogonal to effective bending modes. This means that if a surface gains a membrane mode, it loses a bending mode, and conversely, in such a way that the total number of modes, membrane and bending combined, can never exceed 3. Various examples, inspired from curved-crease origami tessellations, illustrate the results.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Origami/Kirigami-inspired structures: from fundamentals to applications’.
TSST-1 promotes colonization ofStaphylococcus aureuswithin the vaginal tract by activation of CD8+T cells
Authors: Dufresne Karine , Al Kait F. , Craig Heather C. , Coleman Charlotte E.M. , Kasper Katherine J. , Burton Jeremy P. , McCormick John K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractToxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) is a superantigen produced byStaphylococcus aureusand is the determinant of menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS); however, the impact of TSST-1 on the vaginal environment beyond mTSS is not understood. Herein, we assessed how TSST-1 affects vaginal colonization byS. aureus, host inflammatory responses, and changes in microbial communities within the murine vagina. We demonstrated that TSST-1 induced a CD8+T cell-dependent inflammatory response by 24 hours that correlated with an increased bacteria burden within the vaginal tract. This increase was due to superantigen-dependent T cell activation that triggered a change in microbial composition within the vaginal tract. Altogether, this study demonstrates that within the vaginal tract, TSST-1 modulates the vaginal microbiota to favor the survival ofS. aureusin the absence of mTSS.ImportanceToxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) is a superantigen toxin produced fromStaphylococcus aureusthat causes the menstrual form of toxic shock syndrome. This research demonstrates that TSST-1 also has a wider function within the vaginal tract than previously expected. We show that TSST-1, by activating CD8+T cells, induces an inflammatory environment that modifies the vaginal microbiota to favor colonization byS. aureus. These are important findings asS. aureuscan colonize the human vaginal tract efficiently and subsequently trigger dysbiosis within the microbial communities leading to several adverse outcomes such as decreased fertility, increased risks for sexually transmitted diseases and issues related to pregnancy and birth.
High-dimensional Biomarker Identification for Scalable and Interpretable Disease Prediction via Machine Learning Models
Authors: Dai Yifan , Zou Fei , Zou Baiming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOmics data generated from high-throughput technologies and clinical features jointly impact many complex human diseases. Identifying key biomarkers and clinical risk factors is essential for understanding disease mechanisms and advancing early disease diagnosis and precision medicine. However, the high-dimensionality and intricate associations between disease outcomes and omics profiles present significant analytical challenges. To address these, we propose an ensemble data-driven biomarker identification tool, Hybrid Feature Screening (HFS), to construct a candidate feature set for downstream advanced machine learning models. The pre-screened candidate features from HFS are further refined using a computationally efficient permutation-based feature importance test, forming the comprehensive High-dimensional Feature Importance Test (HiFIT) framework. Through extensive numerical simulations and real-world applications, we demonstrate HiFIT’s superior performance in both outcome prediction and feature importance identification. An R package implementing HiFIT is available on GitHub (https://github.com/BZou-lab/HiFIT).
Single-cell resolution map of innate-like lymphocyte response toFrancisella tularensisinfection reveals MAIT cells’ role in protection from tularemia-like disease
Authors: Okoye G. Donald , Kumar Amrendra , Ghanbari Farshad , Chowdhury Nowrin U. , Wu Lan , Newcomb Dawn C. , Kaer Luc Van , Scott Algood Holly M. , Joyce Sebastian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTEarly immune dynamics during the initiation of fatal tularemia caused byFrancisella tularensisinfection remain unknown. Unto that end, we generated a transcriptomic map at single-cell resolution of the innate-like lymphocyte responses toF. tularensislive vaccine strain (LVS) infection of mice. We found that both interferon-γ-producing type 1 and interleukin-17-producing type 3 innate-like lymphocytes expanded in the infected lungs. Natural killer (NK) and NKT cells drove the type 1 response, whereas mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) and γδ T cells drove the type 3 response. Furthermore, tularemia-like disease-resistant NKT cell-deficient,Cd1d-/-mice accumulated more MAIT1 cells, MAIT17 cells, and cells with a hybrid phenotype between MAIT1 and MAIT17 cells than wild-type mice. Critically, adoptive transfer of LVS-activated MAIT cells fromCd1d-/-mice, which were enriched in MAIT17 cells, was sufficient to protect LVS-susceptible, immunodeficientRAG2-/-mice from severe LVS infection-inflicted pathology. Collectively, our findings position MAIT cells as potential mediators of interleukin-17-dependent protection from pulmonary tularemia-like disease.HIGHLIGHTSPulmonaryF. tularensisLVS infection induces type 1 & type 3 immune responses.NK and NKT cells drive type 1, whilst MAIT and γδT cells drive type 3 responses.Increased MAIT17 cell accumulation is associated with resistance to TID.Adoptive transfer of MAIT17-enriched cells protect immunodeficient mice from TID.
Collective amoeboid dynamics drives colonization of drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Goutham Shyamili , Gopikrishnan Anchita , Harshavardhan BV , Venas Nivedhya , Sabarinathan Radhakrishnan , Jolly Mohit Kumar , Bhat Ramray 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is characterized by resistance to platinum-based therapy, resulting in rapid progression and poor survival. Here, we ask whether drug resistance and invasiveness coevolve to drive metastasis. Selection experiments involving pulsed carboplatin exposure established isogenic chemoresistant variants of lines, which typify high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), the most aggressive type of EOC. Time-lapse imaging showed enhanced migration of resistant single cells and their collectives. Resistant cell spheroids spread faster on Collagen I substrata than sensitive controls. The resistant OVCAR-3 transcriptome was ontologically enriched for migration and showed overlap with previously reported markers of resistance in EOC patients and other evolved lines. Gene set enrichment predicted transition between epithelial, mesenchymal, and amoeboid states is higher in resistance compared to control lines. Lower matrix adhesion, weak focal adhesion, and highly deformable and translatory dynamics of cell collectives indicated that resistant cancer cells displayed a unique collective amoeboid-like migration. When injected intraperitoneally into immunodeficient mice, resistant cells colonized to a greater extent on parietal mucosae. Ex vivo, suspended resistant cells formed moruloids associated with quicker peritoneal adhesion, clearing human coelomic mesothelial monolayers with higher efficiency. Knockdown in resistant OVCAR-3 cells of two upregulated proteins, E-cadherin and LGALS3BP, had distinct consequences. E-cadherin knockdown partially restored sensitivity to carboplatin but did not affect invasion. In contrast, silencing LGALS3BP decreased invasion but not resistance. Our results suggest that drug resistance and invasiveness could coevolve through the upregulation of distinct trait drivers in EOC.