bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superalgebraically Converging Galerkin Method for Electromagnetic Scattering by Dielectric Cylinders
Authors: Sever Emrah , Dikmen Fatih , Tuchkin Yury A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe high‐order solutions of the well‐known Green's formulation of the boundary value problems to determine the scattering monochromatic electromagnetic waves by dielectric cylinders are presented. The boundaries are given via infinitely smooth closed contours. That is why the solutions to the transverse electric/transverse magnetic wave scattering problems are obtained by solving the matrix equations, entries of which are Fourier coefficients of the electric field integral equations/magnetic field integral equations kernels obtained via the Fourier transform over the periodic domain on the boundary. This procedure is equivalent to an entire domain Galerkin formulation of the considered problems, with their unknown functions expanded into series with complex exponentials as bases. The algebraic system is solved by truncation, and the superalgebraic convergence of the unknowns is achieved by the suggested algorithm. The numerical results are validated by that of circular cylinders' obtained via a well‐conditioned algorithm based on separation of variables method. Numerical results demonstrate the superalgebraic convergence, owing to the suggested nonsaturated algorithm.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 3,3’‐Bisindolines by Organocatalytic Michael Additions of Fluorooxindole Enolates to Isatylidene Malononitriles in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Balaraman Kaluvu , Ding Ransheng , Wolf Christian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA highly diastereoselective organocatalytic reaction for the synthesis of fluorinated 3,3’‐bisindolines exhibiting adjacent tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters is described. A broad variety of heterochiral bisindolines was prepared in 91–99% yield using 3‐fluorooxindoles and isatylidene malononitriles in the presence of catalytic amounts of triethylamine in water or aqueous solution. The reaction can be upscaled without compromising yield and diastereoselectivity and the general usefulness of this method was demonstrated with various Michael acceptors and extended to aldol and Mannich reactions.magnified image
Enhanced Charge Collection in MOF‐525–PEDOT Nanotube Composites Enable Highly Sensitive Biosensing
Authors: Huang Tzu‐Yen , Kung Chung‐Wei , Liao Yu‐Te , Kao Sheng‐Yuan , Cheng Mingshan , Chang Ting‐Hsiang , Henzie Joel , Alamri Hatem R. , Alothman Zeid A. , Yamauchi Yusuke , Ho Kuo‐Chuan , Wu Kevin C.‐W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWith the aim of a reliable biosensing exhibiting enhanced sensitivity and selectivity, this study demonstrates a dopamine (DA) sensor composed of conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) nanotubes (PEDOT NTs) conformally coated with porphyrin‐based metal–organic framework nanocrystals (MOF‐525). The MOF‐525 serves as an electrocatalytic surface, while the PEDOT NTs act as a charge collector to rapidly transport the electron from MOF nanocrystals. Bundles of these particles form a conductive interpenetrating network film that together: (i) improves charge transport pathways between the MOF‐525 regions and (ii) increases the electrochemical active sites of the film. The electrocatalytic response is measured by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques, where the linear concentration range of DA detection is estimated to be 2 × 10−6–270 × 10−6m and the detection limit is estimated to be 0.04 × 10−6m with high selectivity toward DA. Additionally, a real‐time determination of DA released from living rat pheochromocytoma cells is realized. The combination of MOF5‐25 and PEDOT NTs creates a new generation of porous electrodes for highly efficient electrochemical biosensing.
Femoral neck‐shaft angle and climate‐induced body proportions
Authors: Child Stephanie L. , Cowgill Libby W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesDeclination in femoral neck‐shaft angle (NSA) is commonly linked to an increased level of physical activity during life. More recently, however, research suggests that lower NSA might also be explained, in part, as the mechanical consequence of differences in ecogeographic body proportions. This study tests the proposed link between NSA and climatic‐induced body proportions, using relative body mass (RBM), throughout the course of development.Materials and MethodsNSA and RBM were collected for 445 immature remains from five geographic locations. NSA and RBM were standardized for age‐effects. ANOVA was used to examine when population differences emerged in both NSA and RBM. Regression analyses were used to examine the pattern of relationship between NSA and RBM.ResultsPopulations differ significantly in NSA and RBM before skeletal maturity, and these differences occur early in life. While both NSA and RBM change over the course of development, no significant relationship was found between NSA and RBM for any sample, or any age category (p = .244).DiscussionIndividuals who have relatively greater relative body mass do not necessarily have lower NSA. Population differences in NSA were found to be variable, while differences in RBM remained consistent across the developmental span. Taken together, these results suggest that regardless of body proportions, the degree of declination of NSA is presumed to be similar among individuals with similar gait and ambulatory behaviors. Conversely, populations differ in RBM from birth, and these differences are consistent throughout development. These two measures likely are responsive to diffing stimuli, and any potential relationship is likely complex and multifactorial.
External and internal ontogenetic changes in the first rib
Authors: García‐Martínez Daniel , Gil Orosia García , Cambra‐Moo Oscar , Canillas María , Rodríguez Miguel A. , Bastir Markus , Martín Armando González 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesFirst ribs bear information about thorax morphology and are usually well preserved, compared to other ribs, in bone/fossil samples. Several studies have addressed ontogeny of the first rib by studying changes in bone microanatomy and rib morphology separately, but no studies have combined both approaches to study how internal and external changes covary during ontogeny. The aim of this project is to fill this gap in our knowledge.Materials and methodsWe applied 3D geometric morphometrics of sliding semilandmarks to 14 first ribs of Homo sapiens to quantify rib curvature and mid‐shaft cross‐section outline. Ontogenetic variation was addressed throughout a principal component analysis (PCA). Additionally, we made histological sections at the mid‐shaft of the same ribs and studied tissue matrix composition and compartmentalization. Finally, we performed partial least squares (PLS) and regression analyses to study covariation between rib morphology and compartmentalization variables.ResultsPCA shows that first ribs increase their curvature over the course of ontogeny and the rib midshaft becomes less rounded during ontogeny. In addition, the sternal end becomes more medially oriented during ontogeny and the relative head‐tubercle distance becomes longer. Compartmentalization shows a decrease in the area occupied by mineralized tissues and an increase in the area occupied by non‐mineralized tissues over the course of ontogeny, which covaries with mid‐shaft cross‐section shape.ConclusionsOur results show detailed variation in rib morphology along with histological changes in bone tissue compartmentalization and, for the first time, the correlation between the two. This could be related to muscle attachments on the 1st rib and also to changes in breathing mode, from diaphragmatic in perinatals to pulmonary in adults, which could also have implications for understanding thorax evolution.
Manual function and performance in humans, gorillas, and orangutans during the same tool use task
Authors: Bardo Ameline , Cornette Raphaël , Borel Antony , Pouydebat Emmanuelle 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesHumans are known to possess more complex manual abilities than other primates. However, the manual abilities of primates have not been fully explored, and we still do not know if the manipulative abilities we attribute to humans are unique. The aim of this study was to compare the manual function and performance developed by humans, gorillas and orangutans while performing the same experimental tool use task.Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted on 20 humans, 6 gorillas, and 7 orangutans. Each individual had to use a tool to collect food from a maze during six experimental sessions while maintaining the same unconstrained body posture condition. We quantified the different manual techniques used and the manual performance.ResultsEach species used different techniques. Humans used bimanual grip techniques, pad‐to‐pad precision grasping postures, and in‐hand movements involving fingertips. Gorillas used unimanual grip techniques and simple in‐hand movements while orangutans used a variety of strategies (e.g., hand or mouth). With these techniques, humans performed the task better than both gorillas and orangutans (e.g., by being quicker to collect the food).DiscussionThis study highlights other ways in which humans’ manual dexterity differs from that of other species and emphasizes the distinct manipulative function of orangutans. The differences between the species could be due to the differing muscular anatomy and morphology of the hands, with hand proportion possibly placing particular biomechanical constraints on each species. The differences between gorillas and orangutans could result from their different locomotor behaviors, and we hypothesize terrestriality facilitates the development of complex manipulation.
Switchable Hydrolase Based on Reversible Formation of Supramolecular Catalytic Site Using a Self‐Assembling Peptide
Authors: Zhang Chunqiu , Shafi Ramim , Lampel Ayala , MacPherson Douglas , Pappas Charalampos G. , Narang Vishal , Wang Tong , Maldarelli Charles , Ulijn Rein V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe reversible regulation of catalytic activity is a feature found in natural enzymes which is not commonly observed in artificial catalytic systems. Here, we fabricate an artificial hydrolase with pH‐switchable activity, achieved by introducing a catalytic histidine residue at the terminus of a pH‐responsive peptide. The peptide exhibits a conformational transition from random coil to β‐sheet by changing the pH from acidic to alkaline. The β‐sheet self‐assembles to form long fibrils with the hydrophobic edge and histidine residues extending in an ordered array as the catalytic microenvironment, which shows significant esterase activity. Catalytic activity can be reversible switched by pH‐induced assembly/disassembly of the fibrils into random coils. At higher concentrations, the peptide forms a hydrogel which is also catalytically active and maintains its reversible (de‐)activation.
Allosteric Tuning of Caspase‐7: A Fragment‐Based Drug Discovery Approach
Authors: Vance Nicholas R. , Gakhar Lokesh , Spies M. Ashley 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe caspase family of cysteine proteases are highly sought‐after drug targets owing to their essential roles in apoptosis, proliferation, and inflammation pathways. High‐throughput screening efforts to discover inhibitors have gained little traction. Fragment‐based screening has emerged as a powerful approach for the discovery of innovative drug leads. This method has become a central facet of drug discovery campaigns in the pharmaceutical industry and academia. A fragment‐based drug discovery campaign against human caspase‐7 resulted in the discovery of a novel series of allosteric inhibitors. An X‐ray crystal structure of caspase‐7 bound to a fragment hit and a thorough kinetic characterization of a zymogenic form of the enzyme were used to investigate the allosteric mechanism of inhibition. This work further advances our understanding of the mechanisms of allosteric control of this class of pharmaceutically relevant enzymes, and provides a new path forward for drug discovery efforts.
Photoluminescence Lifetime Imaging of Synthesized Proteins in Living Cells Using an Iridium–Alkyne Probe
Authors: Wang Jinyu , Xue Jie , Yan Zihe , Zhang Sichun , Qiao Juan , Zhang Xinrong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDesigning probes for real‐time imaging of dynamic processes in living cells is a continuous challenge. Herein, a novel near‐infrared (NIR) photoluminescence probe having a long lifetime was exploited for photoluminescence lifetime imaging (PLIM) using an iridium‐alkyne complex. This probe offers the benefits of deep‐red to NIR emission, a long Stokes shift, excellent cell penetration, low cytotoxicity, and good resistance to photobleaching. This example is the first PLIM probe applicable to the click reaction of copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with remarkable lifetime shifts of 414 ns, before and after click reaction. The approach fully eliminates the background interference and distinguishes the reacted probes from the unreacted probes, thus enabling the wash‐free imaging of the newly synthesized proteins within single living cells. Based on the unique properties of the iridium complexes, it is anticipated to have applications for imaging other processes within living cells.
Burkholderia cepacia lipase: A versatile catalyst in synthesis reactions
Authors: Sánchez Daniel A. , Tonetto Gabriela M. , Ferreira María L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe lipase from Burkholderia cepacia, formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia lipase, is a commercial enzyme in both soluble and immobilized forms widely recognized for its thermal resistance and tolerance to a large number of solvents and short‐chain alcohols. The main applications of this lipase are in transesterification reactions and in the synthesis of drugs (because of the properties mentioned above). This review intends to show the features of this enzyme and some of the most relevant aspects of its use in different synthesis reactions. Also, different immobilization techniques together with the effect of various compounds on lipase activity are presented. This lipase shows important advantages over other lipases, especially in reaction media including solvents or reactions involving short‐chain alcohols.
Advancements in the design and scalable production of viral gene transfer vectors
Authors: Sharon David , Kamen Amine 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe last 10 years have seen a rapid expansion in the use of viral gene transfer vectors, with approved therapies and late stage clinical trials underway for the treatment of genetic disorders, and multiple forms of cancer, as well as prevention of infectious diseases through vaccination. With this increased interest and widespread adoption of viral vectors by clinicians and biopharmaceutical industries, there is an imperative to engineer safer and more efficacious vectors, and develop robust, scalable and cost‐effective production platforms for industrialization. This review will focus on major innovations in viral vector design and production systems for three of the most widely used viral vectors: Adenovirus, Adeno‐Associated Virus, and Lentivirus.
Safety and efficacy of the next generation Resolute Onyx zotarolimus‐eluting stent: Primary outcome of the RESOLUTE ONYX core trial
Authors: Price Matthew J. , Shlofmitz Richard A. , Spriggs Douglas J. , Haldis Thomas A. , Myers Paul , Popma Almonacid Alexandra , Maehara Akiko , Dauler Michelle , Peng Yun , Mehran Roxana 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the safety and efficacy of the novel Resolute (R‐) Onyx drug‐eluting stent (DES).BackgroundThe R‐Onyx DES consists of a composite wire with an outer shell of cobalt chromium alloy and a platinum‐iridium inner core to enhance radiopacity, with thinner, swaged struts and modified stent geometry compared with the predicate Resolute DES, resulting in a slightly lower total drug load in most sizes.MethodsThis was a prospective, single‐arm non‐inferiority trial compared with a historical control. Patients with stable angina/ischemia and up to 2 de novo target lesions ≤35 mm long with reference vessel diameter (RVD) of 2.25–4.2 mm were enrolled. The primary endpoint was late lumen loss at 8‐month follow‐up. Propensity‐score adjusted outcomes from the single‐arm RESOLUTE‐US trial served as the control.ResultsSeventy‐five patients (85 lesions) were enrolled. Mean patient age was 66 ± 9 years, 73% were male, and 32% had diabetes. Mean lesion length was 14.28 ± 6.68 mm, mean RVD was 2.57 ± 0.48 mm, and 86% of lesions were class B2/C. In‐stent late lumen loss at 8 months was 0.24 ± 0.39 mm with R‐Onyx DES compared with 0.36 ± 0.52 mm with Resolute DES (P < 0.001 for noninferiority, P = 0.029 for superiority). At 8 months, clinically driven target lesion revascularization occurred in 3 patients (4.0%) and target lesion failure occurred in 5 patients (6.7%).ConclusionsIn‐stent late lumen loss is non‐inferior, and appears to be superior, with the thin‐strut novel composite wire R‐Onyx DES compared with Resolute DES. Continued evolution of stent design can improve angiographic outcomes in complex lesions, even in the current era of next‐generation DES.
Charge‐Transfer Character in a Covalent Diketopyrrolopyrrole Dimer: Implications for Singlet Fission
Authors: Mauck Catherine M. , Bae Youn Jue , Chen Michelle , Powers‐Riggs Natalia , Wu Yi‐Lin , Wasielewski Michael R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDiketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is a strongly absorbing, photostable chromophore that can undergo singlet fission (SF), a photophysical process that promises to significantly enhance solar‐cell performance. In the solid state, DPP packs in a herringbone arrangement that maximizes intermolecular donor–acceptor interactions, suggesting that charge‐transfer (CT) states play a role in DPP SF. In order to characterize intermolecular DPP CT states in molecular assemblies, we have synthesized a covalent DPP dimer bridged by a xanthene linker, which places two thiophene‐substituted DPPs (TDPPs) in a cofacial arrangement that mimics chromophore π–π stacking in the thin film. After photoexcitation in polar solvents, symmetry‐breaking charge separation forms the fully charge separated TDPP+.–TDPP−. ion‐pair state. In nonpolar solvents, charge separation is incomplete leading to the TDPPδ+–TDPPδ− CT state, which is in pseudoequilibrium with the relaxed S1S0 state observed by transient absorption and emission spectroscopy. This study highlights the importance of intramolecular coupling as well as the importance of entropy to promoting SF in chromophore dimers for which SF is endo‐ or isoergic.
Military‐related trauma is associated with eating disorder symptoms in male veterans
Authors: Arditte Hall Kimberly A. , Bartlett Brooke A. , Iverson Katherine M. , Mitchell Karen S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders are understudied among male veterans, who may be at increased risk due to the high rates of trauma exposure and experiences of multiple traumatization in this population. This study sought to examine the associations between specific types of trauma (i.e., childhood physical abuse, adult physical assault, childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, and military‐related trauma) and eating disorder symptoms in a large, nationally‐representative sample of trauma‐exposed male veterans.MethodSurvey data were collected from N = 642 male veterans. Traumatic experiences in childhood and adulthood were assessed using the Trauma History Screen and the National Stressful Events Survey. Eating disorder symptoms were assessed with the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale. Analyses also controlled for age and body mass index.ResultsMultiple traumatization was associated with increased eating disorder symptoms. However, military‐related trauma was the only trauma type that was uniquely associated with eating disorder symptoms when controlling for other trauma types. Examination of different types of military‐related trauma indicated that this association was not driven by exposure to combat.DiscussionNoncombat, military‐related trauma was associated with eating disorder symptom severity in male veterans. Results highlight the need for better assessment of eating disorder symptoms in this population.
Sex and weaponry: The distribution of toxin‐storage glands on the bodies of male and female cane toads (Rhinella marina)
Authors: Chen Wei , Hudson Cameron M. , DeVore Jayna L. , Shine Richard 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe parotoid macroglands of bufonid anurans store (and can expel) large volumes of toxic secretions and have attracted detailed research. However, toxins also are stored in smaller glands that are distributed on the limbs and dorsal surface of the body. Female and male cane toads (Rhinella marina) differ in the location of toxin‐storage glands and the extent of glandular structures. Female toads store a larger proportion of their toxins in the parotoids than males as well as (to a lesser extent) in smaller glands on the forelimbs. Males have smaller and more elongate parotoids than females, but glands cover more of the skin surface on their limbs (especially hindlimbs) and dorsal surface. The delay to toxin exudation in response to electrostimulation varied among glands in various parts of the body, and did so differently in males than in females. The spatial distribution of toxin glands differs between the sexes even in toads that have been raised under standardized conditions in captivity; hence, the sexual dimorphism is due to heritable factors rather than developmentally plastic responses to ecological (e.g., habitat, predation risk) differences between the sexes. The selective advantages of this sexual dimorphism remain unclear. A priori, we might expect to see toxin widely dispersed across any part of the body likely to be contacted by a predator; and a wide distribution also would be expected if the gland secretions have other (e.g., male–male rivalry) functions. Why, then, is toxin concentrated in the parotoids, especially in female toads? That concentration may enhance the effectiveness of frontal displays to deter predation and also may facilitate the transfer of stored toxins to eggs.