bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting dietitians to work in Aboriginal health: Qualitative evaluation of a Community of Practice mentoring circle
Authors: Wilson Annabelle M. , Delbridge Robyn , Palermo Claire 
Published: August 2016

AimThis paper explores the experience of dietitians participating in a Community of Practice designed to support their work with Aboriginal communities.MethodsThe Community of Practice for dietitians working with Aboriginal communities ran for 12 months, starting in May 2014. Six‐weekly mentoring sessions were held using Skype, with conversation aided by a facilitator. In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were held with all participants at the conclusion of the Community of Practice. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThirteen dietitians participated in the Community of Practice and an in‐depth, semi‐structured interview. Four key themes were identified: (i) Aboriginal health practice requires a different way of ‘knowing’, ‘being’ and ‘working’; (ii) Community of Practice is a safe place to discuss, debrief and explore ideas that are not safe elsewhere; (iii) participation in Community of Practice contributed to workforce retention in the Aboriginal health sector; and (iv) participation in Community of Practice contributed to dietitians changing their practice and feeling confident to do so.ConclusionsBy increasing confidence and opportunities for safe discussion, Community of Practice appears to be a useful model of Continuing Professional Development to support dietitians working in Aboriginal health.
Serotonin transporter binding is reduced in seasonal affective disorder following light therapy
Authors: Tyrer A. E. , Levitan R. D. , Houle S. , Wilson A. A. , Nobrega J. N. , Rusjan P. M. , Meyer J. H. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of light therapy on serotonin transporter binding (5‐HTT BPND), an index of 5‐HTT levels, in the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices (ACC and PFC) during winter in seasonal affective disorder (SAD). 5‐HTT BPND fluctuates seasonally to a greater extent in SAD relative to health. We hypothesized that in SAD, 5‐HTT BPND would be reduced in the ACC and PFC following light therapy.MethodsEleven SAD participants underwent [11C] DASB positron emission tomography (PET) scans to measure 5‐HTT BPND before and after 2 weeks of daily morning light therapy.ResultsThe primary finding was a main effect of treatment on 5‐HTT BPND in the ACC and PFC (repeated‐measures manova, F(2,9) = 6.82, P = 0.016). This effect was significant in the ACC (F(1,10) = 15.11 and P = 0.003, magnitude of decrease, 11.94%) and PFC (F(1,10) = 8.33, P = 0.016, magnitude of decrease, 9.13%). 5‐HTT BPND also decreased in other regions assayed following light therapy (repeated‐measures manova, F(4,7) = 8.54, P = 0.028) including the hippocampus, ventral striatum, dorsal putamen, thalamus and midbrain (F(1,10) = 8.02–36.94, P < 0.0001–0.018; magnitude −8.83% to −16.74%).ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that light therapy reaches an important therapeutic target in the treatment of SAD and provide a basis for improvement of this treatment via application of [11C]DASB PET.
Dissociative role for dorsal hippocampus in mediating heroin self‐administration and relapse through CDK5 and RhoB signaling revealed by proteomic analysis
Authors: Chen Zhong‐Guo , Liu Xing , Wang Weisheng , Geng Fan , Gao Jing , Gan Chen‐Ling , Chai Jing‐Rui , He Ling , Hu Gang , Zhou Hu , Liu Jing‐Gen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAddiction is characterized by drug craving, compulsive drug taking and relapse, which is attributed to aberrant neuroadaptation in brain regions implicated in drug addiction, induced by changes in gene and protein expression in these regions after chronic drug exposure. Accumulating evidence suggests that the dorsal hippocampus (DH) plays an important role in mediating drug‐seeking and drug‐taking behavior and relapse. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects of the DH are unclear. In the present study, we employed a label‐free quantitative proteomic approach to analyze the proteins altered in the DH of heroin self‐administering rats. A total of 4015 proteins were quantified with high confidence, and 361 proteins showed significant differences compared with the saline control group. Among them, cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and ras homolog family member B (RhoB) were up‐regulated in rats with a history of extended access to heroin. Functionally, inhibition of CDK5 in the DH enhanced heroin self‐administration, indicating that CDK5 signaling in the DH acts as a homeostatic compensatory mechanism to limit heroin‐taking behavior, whereas blockade of the Rho‐Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway attenuated context‐induced heroin relapse, indicating that RhoB signaling in the DH is required for the retrieval (recall) of addiction memory. Our findings suggest that manipulation of CDK5 signaling in the DH may be essential in determining vulnerability to opiate taking, whereas manipulation of RhoB signaling in the DH may be essential in determining vulnerability to relapse. Overall, the present study suggests that the DH can exert dissociative effects on heroin addiction through CDK5 and RhoB signaling.
Brain metastasis features and association with tumor epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: Luo Yung‐Hung , Wu Chieh‐Hung , Huang Chu‐Yun , Wu Chih‐Wei , Wu Wen‐Shuo , Lee Yu‐Chin , Whang‐Peng Jacqueline , Chen Yuh‐Min 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are frequent in pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients. The association between tumor EGFR mutation and characteristics of brain metastasis (BM) is still unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with and without BMs, and characteristics of BM to analyze the association between tumor EGFR mutation and characteristics of BM.ResultsOf 374 cases, 239 had EGFR mutations; 69 had BM at initial diagnosis, and 82 with BMs after treatment. All eligible patients received EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors treatment. Older patients (≥70 years old) were less likely to have BMs than younger patients (25.8% vs 48%, P < 0.001). Patients with higher N stage had higher proportion of BMs (P = 0.006). Patients with exon 19 deletion were more likely to have BMs than those without EGFR mutation (48.1% vs 34.1%, P = 0.021). Patients with exon 19 deletion didn't have significantly higher chance of BMs at initial diagnosis but had higher chance to develop BM after treatment than those without EGFR mutation (35.6% vs 21.2%, P = 0.019). Patients with exon 19 deletion survived longer than those without EGFR mutation (1‐year survival rate 95.8% vs 78.7%, P = 0.003). Thus, longer survival may lead to higher proportion of BM occurrence in patients with exon 19 deletion than those without EGFR mutation.ConclusionsIn pulmonary adenocarcinoma, there is no significant difference in frequency of BMs at initial diagnosis between patients with EGFR mutation and wild type. However, after treatment, patients with EGFR mutations are significantly more likely to develop BM.
EPHB4, a down stream target of IFN‐γ/STAT1 signal pathway, regulates endothelial activation possibly contributing to the development of preeclampsia
Authors: Liu Xiaoping , Hu Ying , Liu Xiaoxia , Zheng Yanfang , Luo Minglian , Liu Weifang , Zhao Yin , Zou Li 
Published: August 2016

ProblemPreeclampsia is characterized by endothelial activation and excessive inflammation, of which interferon (IFN)‐γ is a potent inducer. Eph receptor B4 (EPHB4) also involved in endothelial activation in inflammation. Their role and relationship in preeclampsia remain unclear.Method of studyIntercellular adhesion molecular (ICAM)‐1 was employed as the hallmark of endothelial activation. The serum levels of IFN‐γ and the expression of EPHB4 and ICAM‐1 were assessed by ELISA, qRT‐PCR and WB, respectively. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with IFN‐γ of different concentration or for different times to determine the effect of IFN‐γ on EPHB4 and ICAM‐1 expression. Overexpression and shRNA constructs, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assays were conducted to clarify the regulation mechanism of IFN‐γ/STAT1 on EPHB4 resulting in HUVECs activation. Endothelial–trophoblast co‐culture model was used to illustrate the role of EPHB4 in the process of activated endothelial cells resisting trophoblast invasion.ResultsIFN‐γ, EPHB4 and ICAM‐1 expression were elevated in preeclampsia. IFN‐γ induced HUVECs activation through EPHB4 expression. ChIP and luciferase assays revealed that IFN‐γ promoted EPHB4 transcription by STAT‐1 binding to EPHB4 promoter. EPHB4 probably involved in resisting trophoblasts displacement by IFN‐γ‐activated HUVECs.ConclusionThis study uncovered the character of EPHB4‐regulating endothelial activation in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
Precarity outside: The political unconscious of French academic labor
Authors: THORKELSON ELI 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe concept of precarity has lately become prominent in anthropology as a way of theorizing neoliberal labor, affect, and subjectivity. But just what are the politics of this concept? In the context of French higher education and research, précarité is not only a designator for affect or labor relations. It is also a semiautonomous political concept with a political unconscious. Even as it mobilizes academic unions and makes claims on the French state, it fulfills covert ideological functions like political delegation, othering, sociological occlusion of race and class, and the universalization of elite disappointment. This in turn raises reflexive questions about precarity within Anglophone anthropology. [precarity, academic labor, reflexive anthropology, otherness, disidentification, political unconscious, France]Le concept de précarité est de plus en plus saillant en anthropologie car il permet de théoriser le travail, l'affect et la subjectivité néolibéraux. Mais quels sont les politiques de ce concept? Dans le contexte français de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, la « précarité » n'est pas seulement un terme qui désigne l'affect ou les relations de travail. C'est également un concept politique quasi‐autonome doté d'un inconscient politique. Alors même qu'il mobilise les syndicats universitaires et qu'il porte des revendications auprès de l'Etat français, il a des fonctions idéologiques cachées telles que la délégation politique, la production de l'altérité, l'occultation sociologique de la race et de la classe sociale et l'universalisation du sentiment de déception chez les élites. Réciproquement, le cas français soulève des questions réflexives quant à la précarité au sein de l'anthropologie anglophone. [précarité, travail universitaire, anthropologie réflexive, altérité, désidentification, inconscient politique, France]
Royal pharmaceuticals: Bioprospecting, rights, and traditional authority in South Africa
Authors: MORRIS CHRISTOPHER 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe translation of international biogenetic resource rights to a former apartheid homeland is fostering business partnerships between South African traditional leaders and multinational pharmaceutical companies. In the case of one contentious resource, these partnerships are entrenching, and in some instances expanding, apartheid‐associated boundaries and configurations of power. The state and corporate task of producing communities amenable to biodiversity commercialization and conservation is entangled with segregationist laws and spatial planning. Rather than exclusion and the closure of ethnic boundaries, resource rights in this context foreground forced enrollment and the expansion of indigenous group‐membership as modes of capitalist accumulation in an extractive economy. [pharmaceutical bioprospecting, Pelargonium sidoides, Convention on Biological Diversity, indigeneity, homelands, South Africa]Ukufezekiswa/ukuphunyezwa kwamalungelo egunya lwezimbiwa zendalo ezilapha, kwindawo ezisakuba yinxenye yamaphandle ocalu‐calulo, ikhuthaza ubuhlakani nolwahlulelwano phakathi kweeNkosi kunye neeNkampani eznkulu zamazwe angaphandle kweli. (Amalungelo abhekisa kulawo abantu inezimbiwa ezinjenge zityalo/mithi, ngokuzisebenzisa kwabo kwanobunini bazo.) Omnye umzekelo wesityalo obangela ingxabano, ngowokuba obubuhlakani/lwahlulelwano (iinkosi neenkampani zamazwe) bubangela ifuthe elityhala ngamandla lokude kwandiswe memida yemihlaba eyayisekiwe ngeloxesha lamaphandle ocalu‐calulo, kananjalo nesimo esitsha samagunya nolawulo lomthetho. Amalinge/imizamo kaRhulumente neeNkampani zamayeza/zamachiza okufumana abantu abangena ngci kwindlela yeengcinga zabo abasele benazo kakade, (abakwaziyo ukurhweba kwanokulondoloza indalo), utyhalwa lifuthe lomgaqo‐nkqubo ocalu‐calula abantu, kwanomgaqo‐nkqubo obona utyalo‐mali lusenzeka ikakhulu, ngaphandle kwezondawo zazisakuba phantsi kwamaphandle ocalu‐calulo ngokwemida. U Rhulumente ukhangeleka ngathi ufuna kwenza utyalo‐mali ikakhulu, ezixekweni/dolophini kweli le Mpuma Kapa, ngaphezu kwakwimimandla yeelali zelalisakuba liphandle localu‐calulo. Kunokuba iinkokheli zemveli noRhulumente zenze imali zodwa, ngokubashiya ngaphandle abahlali bale mihlaba, iinkokheli zemveli kwakunye noRhulumnte zizama ukwandisa inani lazo, labobantu baphantsi kwazo, okanye banyanzelise abantu bezondawo babephantsi kolawulo lweenkosi ngokwabantu bemveli yalondawo, ngeenjongo zokwenza ingeniso‐mali kwishishini lemveliso elikhupha/elomba izimbiwa zendalo eMzantsi Afrika. [Ushishino ngemithi/amachiza/izityalo zendalo kwaneengcambu zisetyenziselwa ukwenza amayeza (pharmaceutical bioprospecting),uvendle,eli ligama elisemthethweni le Nkomfa (Convention on Biological Diversity), imo yokuba ngowemveli yalo ndawo oknye inzalelwane yalapho kulo ndawo,amaphandle ocalu‐calulo (Bantustans),uMzantsi Afrika]
Conceptual issues behind the Chinese translations of the term ‘Bipolar Disorder’
Authors: Leung Chi‐Ming , Ungvari Gabor S. , Xiang Yu‐Tao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe paper examines the problems of the existing nomenclature in Chinese psychiatry with special reference to the Chinese translation of bipolar disorder in the context of stigma of mental illness in the Chinese culture. The development of the concept of bipolar disorder is reviewed, followed by a critical examination of the accuracy and validity of the current translation of bipolar disorder in the Chinese psychiatric literature. A new translation is suggested with consideration for literal accuracy and social acceptance.
Distal mean nocturnal baseline impedance on pH‐impedance monitoring predicts reflux burden and symptomatic outcome in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Patel A. , Wang D. , Sainani N. , Sayuk G. S. , Gyawali C. P. 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYBackgroundMean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI), a novel pH‐impedance metric, may be a surrogate marker of reflux burden.AimTo assess the predictive value of MNBI on symptomatic outcomes after anti‐reflux therapy.MethodsIn this prospective observational cohort study, pH‐impedance studies performed over a 5‐year period were reviewed. Baseline impedance was extracted from six channels at three stable nocturnal 10‐min time periods, and averaged to yield MNBI. Distal and proximal oesophageal MNBI values were calculated by averaging MNBI values at 3, 5, 7 and 9 cm, and 15 and 17 cm respectively. Symptomatic outcomes were measured as changes in global symptom severity (GSS, rated on 100‐mm visual analogue scales) on prospective follow‐up after medical or surgical anti‐reflux therapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses assessed the predictive value of MNBI on symptomatic outcomes.ResultsOf 266 patients, 135 (50.8%) were tested off proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and formed the study cohort (52.1 ± 1.1 years, 63.7% F). The 59 with elevated acid exposure time (AET) had lower composite and distal MNBI values than those with physiological AET (P < 0.0001), but similar proximal MNBI (P = 0.62). Linear AET negatively correlated with distal MNBI, both individually and collectively (Pearson's r = −0.5, P < 0.001), but not proximal MNBI (Pearson's r = 0, P = 0.72). After prospective follow‐up (94 patients were followed up for 3.1 ± 0.2 years), univariate and multivariate regression models showed that distal MNBI, but not proximal MNBI, was independently predictive of linear GSS improvement.ConclusionsDistal oesophageal MNBI negatively correlates with AET and, when assessed off PPI therapy, is independently predictive of symptomatic improvement following anti‐reflux therapy.
On Standardized Relative Survival
Authors: Sasieni Peter , Brentnall Adam R. 
Published: August 2016

Summary
Cancer survival comparisons between cohorts are often assessed by estimates of relative or net survival. These measure the difference in mortality between those diagnosed with the disease and the general population. For such comparisons methods are needed to standardize cohort structure (including age at diagnosis) and all-cause mortality rates in the general population. Standardized non-parametric relative survival measures are evaluated by determining how well they (i) ensure the correct rank ordering, (ii) allow for differences in covariate distributions, and (iii) possess robustness and maximal estimation precision. Two relative survival families that subsume the Ederer-I, Ederer-II, and Pohar-Perme statistics are assessed. The aforementioned statistics do not meet our criteria, and are not invariant under a change of covariate distribution. Existing methods for standardization of these statistics are either not invariant to changes in the general population mortality or are not robust. Standardized statistics and estimators are developed to address the deficiencies. They use a reference distribution for covariates such as age, and a reference population mortality survival distribution that is recommended to approach zero with increasing age as fast as the cohort with the worst life expectancy. Estimators are compared using a breast-cancer survival example and computer simulation. The proposals are invariant and robust, and out-perform current methods to standardize the Ederer-II and Pohar-Perme estimators in simulations, particularly for extended follow-up.
Oligocene‐Miocene Great Lakes in the India‐Asia Collision Zone
Authors: DeCelles Peter G. , Castañeda Isla S. , Carrapa Barbara , Liu Juan , Quade Jay , Leary Ryan , Zhang Liyun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Himalayan‐Tibetan Plateau is Earth's highest topographic feature, and formed largely during Cenozoic time as India collided with and subducted beneath southern Asia. The >1300 km long, late Oligocene‐early Miocene Kailas basin formed within the collisional suture zone more than 35 Ma after the onset of collision, and provides a detailed picture of surface environments, processes and possible geodynamic mechanisms operating within the suture zone during the ongoing convergence of India and Asia. We present new geochronological, sedimentological, organic geochemical and palaeontological data from a previously undocumented 400 km long portion of the Kailas basin. The new data demonstrate that this part of the basin was partly occupied by large, deep, probably meromictic lakes surrounded by coal‐forming swamps. Lacustrine facies include coarse‐ and fine‐grained turbidites, profundal black shales and marginal Gilbert‐type deltas. Organic geochemical temperature proxies suggest that palaeolake water was warmer than 25 °C, and cyprinid fish fossils indicate an ecology capable of supporting large fish. Our findings demonstrate a brief period of low elevation in the suture zone during Oligocene‐Miocene time (26–21 Ma) and call for a geodynamic mechanism capable of producing a long (>1000 km) and narrow basin along the southern edge of the upper, Asian plate, long after the onset of intercontinental collision. Kailas basin deposits presently are exposed at elevations >6000 m, requiring dramatic elevation gain in the region after Kailas deposition, without strongly shortening the upper crust. Episodic Indian slab rollback, followed by break‐off and subsequent renewal of flat‐slab subduction, can account for features of the Kailas basin.
Evaluation of fetal cardiac valve anomalies by four‐dimensional echocardiography with spatiotemporal image correlation (4DSTIC)
Authors: Hu Guyue , Zhang Ying , Fan Miao , Wang Meilian , Siddiqui Faiza Amber , Wang Yu , Sun Wei , Sun Feifei , Zhang Dongyu , Lei Wenjia , Sun Xue 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundPrenatal diagnosis of cardiac valve anomalies challenged most screening sonographers. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the use of four‐dimensional echocardiography with spatiotemporal image correlation (4DSTIC) in detecting normal and abnormal fetal cardiac valves.MethodsForty‐three cases of confirmed cardiac valve anomalies identified by two‐dimensional echocardiography (2DE) were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Additional 121 confirmed normal fetuses were included as controls. Four‐dimensional volumes were acquired from each fetus using a transverse sweep. Four‐dimensional rendered images were retrieved from the volumes for each of the cardiac valves for the normal fetuses and for the intended valves for fetuses with valve malformations.ResultsThe visualization rates of cardiac valves retrieved from 4D volumes in the normal fetuses ranged from 72.5% to 97.5% before 33 gestational weeks and from 46.3% to 80.5% in late pregnancy. Furthermore, 4D rendered images were successfully obtained in 38 of 43 (88.4%) fetuses with cardiac valve lesions.ConclusionsThe 4D images and cine loops displayed the valves anatomy vividly in both normal and abnormal fetuses, including some subtle malformations which were not identified by traditional 2DE. The standardized protocol we propose herein was important in obtaining the 4D images from the volumes. The 4D modality allows a better visualization of fetal cardiac valves and should be considered a valuable addition to traditional 2DE imaging.
Innate and acquired components of oligophagy in the herbivorous lepidopteran, Manduca sexta
Authors: Gretes William C. , Stanwyck Elizabeth A. , Hanson Frank E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInnate and acquired aspects of oligophagy were investigated in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), a species normally restricted to members of the family Solanaceae. Larvae were reared in the laboratory on solanaceous species tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), strawberry groundcherry (Physalis pruinosa L.), and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), as well as the non‐solanaceous foods cowpea [Vigna sinensis (L.) (Fabaceae)], rapeseed [Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae)], and artificial diet. Feeding assays were conducted using the above plants plus corkscrew vine [Vigna caracalla (L.) Verdc. (Fabaceae)], lettuce [Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae)], and moist glass‐fiber filter paper. Larval feeding was characterized using two camera‐monitored assays: (1) a quantitative no‐choice disc test that determines consumption over time, delays in initiation of feeding, and % of larvae rejecting the food, and (2) a novel no‐choice emigration test that measures how soon a larva abandons a whole plant. Experimental results from both assays revealed that larvae displayed high levels of acceptance of Solanaceae regardless of whether they had been reared on solanaceous or non‐solanaceous food. We conclude that solanaceous oligophagy in M. sexta is primarily innate and does not require (but may be strengthened by) previous feeding experience on Solanaceae. In contrast, larvae tested on non‐solanaceous plants or moist filter paper showed large variation in both acceptance of foods and emigration times that were strongly dependent on the food on which they had been reared (analogous to the ‘induction of preference’ of earlier literature). Two types of induction were identified: an increase in acceptability of a plant of (1) the same species as the one on which the larva was reared, or (2) a related species. These discoveries both challenge and expand our current understanding of oligophagy in the tobacco hornworm.