bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial adjustment in perinatally human immunodeficiency virus infected or exposed children – a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zalwango Sarah K , Kizza Florence N , Nkwata Allan K , Sekandi Juliet N , Kakaire Robert , Kiwanuka Noah , Whalen Christopher C , Ezeamama Amara E 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether perinatal HIV infection and exposure adversely affected psychosocial adjustment (PA) between 6 and 18 years of life (i.e. during school‐age and adolescence).MethodsWe enrolled 58 perinatally HIV‐infected, 56 HIV‐exposed uninfected and 54 unexposed controls from Kampala, Uganda. Perinatal HIV status was determined by 18 months of age using a DNA‐polymerase chain‐reaction test and was confirmed via HIV rapid diagnostic test at psychosocial testing when the children were 6 to 18 years old. Five indicators of PA (depressive symptoms, distress, hopelessness, positive future orientation and esteem) were measured using validated, culturally adapted and translated instruments. Multivariable linear regression analyses estimated HIV‐status‐related percent differences (β) in PA indicators and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsDuring school‐age and adolescence, positive outlook (β=−3.8, 95% CI: −7.2, −0.1) and self‐esteem (β=−4.3, 95% CI: −6.7, −1.8) scores were significantly lower, whereas depressive (β=11.4, 95% CI: 3.3, 19.5) and distress (β=12.3, 95% CI: 5.9, 18.7) symptoms were elevated for perinatally HIV‐infected, compared to unexposed controls and exposed uninfected children. Similarly, positive outlook (β=−4.3, 95% CI: −7.3, −1.2) and self‐esteem were lower for exposed controls versus HIV‐unexposed children. Hopelessness was similar by perinatal HIV status. Likewise, the distress and depressive symptom levels were comparable for HIV‐exposed uninfected and HIV‐unexposed children.ConclusionsPerinatal HIV infection predicted higher distress and depressive symptoms, while HIV‐affected status (infection/exposure) predicted low self‐esteem and diminished positive outlook in the long term. However, HIV‐affected status had no impact on hopelessness, suggesting that psychosocial interventions as an integral component of HIV care for infected children or primary care exposed uninfected children may improve PA and quality of life in these vulnerable groups.
Exploring Tourist Experiences in Kampung Beng Homestay Programme
Authors: Aziz Nur Izwani Abdul , Hassan Fatimah , Jaafar Mastura 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThroughout the course of any tour, the tourist invariably accrues a range of experiences. Such experiences constitute a perpetual flow of thoughts and feelings that occur during moments of consciousness. The outcome of an experience depends on how an individual, in a specific mood and state of mind, reacts to his or her interactions with the destination. Therefore, tourism service providers must know how a destination enhances the experiences of a tourist, thereby leaving a positive impression and encouraging consumption of all that a destination has to offer. This study used Schmitt’s (1999) experiential modules to elucidate attractions in Kampung Beng, Lenggong, a well-known homestay destination in the state of Perak, Malaysia. Based on a qualitative analysis of the experiences of tourists, we found them amenable to Schmitt’s (1999) classification of experience which includes sensory experiences (sensing), emotional experiences (feeling), thinking experiences (thought), operational experiences (action), and related experiences (belonging). Our findings indicate that Kampung Beng has the potential to become a prestigious tourist attraction, given enough investment, as its natural resources and value-added elements can produce memorable tourist experiences, thereby motivating tourists to return.
A Philosophical Reflection about Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Silveira Ronie Alexsandro Teles , Costa Francisco José , Muzzio Henrique 
Published: June 2016

This article discusses the philosophical foundations of business ethics and corporate social responsibility, from a critical conception of the approaches commonly used, their assumptions and their justifications. The paper presents a theoretical and philosophical reflection, developed in order to question and appoint alternative solutions to the weaknesses of the most common justifications of corporate social responsibility. These discussions, according to the argumentative construction of this article, culminates in the proposition of four elements to be considered in a stronger debate about the theme: the ethical personality of organizations; ethics community; the liberty; and the identity between ethics and interest. These elements bring in themselves a different agenda for the debate on responsible business, corporate responsibility, business ethics and social ethics. By considering the ideas proposed in this article, management professionals and students, as well as researchers from the general areas of management will have differentiated and complementary references to the pre-existing ones to a understanding better a more consistent and well justified definition of an ethical and socially responsible company, going beyond current and sometimes fragile justifications which are, sometimes, social and academically discredited, as is the case with justification of the strategies of social responsibility from the argument that it generates profits for companies.
Um terceiro citótipo de Astyanax aff. fasciatus (TELEOSTEI, CHARACIDAE) da bacia do rio São Francisco
Authors: Penteado Pierre Rafael , Kavalco Karine Frehner , Pazza Rubens 
Published: June 2016

<p><em>Astyanax </em>é um dos gêneros mais amplamente distribuídos ao longo da região Neotropical, devido a sua estrutura e densidade populacional. Essas características fazem o gênero ser extremamente especioso, contando com mais de cem espécies descritas atualmente. O objetivo do presente trabalho é auxiliar no levantamento da diversidade genética no gênero, analisando uma população <em>Astyanax </em>aff<em>. fasciatus</em>, encontrada na Bacia do Rio São Francisco. As análises citogenéticas constituem cariotipagem convencional, detecção de heterocromatina constitutiva e localização de genes ribossômicos 5S e 18. Foram observados 2n=48 (8M+22SM+12ST+6A) e heterocromatina distribuída em regiões pericentroméricas de poucos cromossomos. A FISH evidenciou sítios de rDNA 5S intersticiais em um par de cromossomos metacêntricos e na região pericentromérica de um par de cromossomos acrocêntricos. A situação taxonômica do complexo de espécies é discutida.</p><p> </p><p>DOI: <span>10.7902/ecb.v4i1.42</span></p>
Avaliações morfológicas e micromorfométricas de folhas de sol e de sombra Lithraea molleoides (VELL.) ENGL. (ANACARDIACEAE)
Authors: Pereira Jaqueline Dias , Medri Moacir Eurypedes , Moreira Renata Stolf 
Published: June 2016

<p>Alterações morfoanatômicas e fisiológicas nas folhas são comumente encontradas como resposta adaptativa das plantas às diferentes condições de luminosidade. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, comparar a morfoanatomia de folhas expandidas de sol e de sombra de <em>Lithraea molleoides</em> fornecendo subsídios que justifiquem a seleção desta espécie para estudos em programas de revegetação. O estudo ocorreu no Parque Ecológico da Klabin, Telêmaco Borba-Pr. Nas avaliações macroscópicas e microscópicas, as amostras foram processadas segundo metodologia usual. As folhas da porção superior periférica, denominadas folhas de sol, apresentaram características mais xéricas, ao contrário das folhas da porção inferior interna, denominadas folhas de sombra. As folhas de sol apresentam adaptações que indicam maior dificuldade na perda de água nos períodos desfavoráveis aumentando a eficiência no uso da água. As folhas de sombra apresentaram maior área aproveitando mais a energia luminosa. As diferenças observadas neste estudo indicam considerável capacidade adaptativa para se manterem ativas a diferentes condições de luminosidade.</p><p> </p><p>DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v4i1.47</p>
The kinematic and microphysical control of lightning rate, extent, and NOX production
Authors: Carey Lawrence D. , Koshak William , Peterson Harold , Mecikalski Retha M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the kinematic and microphysical control of lightning properties, particularly those that may govern the production of nitrogen oxides (NOX = NO + NO2) via lightning (LNOX), such as flash rate, type, and extent. The NASA Lightning Nitrogen Oxides Model (LNOM) is applied to lightning observations following multicell thunderstorms through their lifecycle in a Lagrangian sense over Northern Alabama on 21 May 2012 during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment. LNOM provides estimates of flash rate, type, channel length distributions, channel segment altitude distributions (SADs), and LNOX production profiles. The LNOM‐derived lightning characteristics and LNOX production are compared to the evolution of radar‐inferred updraft and precipitation properties. Intercloud, intracloud (IC) flash SAD comprises a significant fraction of the total (IC + cloud‐to‐ground [CG]) SAD, while increased CG flash SAD at altitudes >6 km occurs after the simultaneous peaks in several thunderstorm properties (i.e., total [IC + CG] and IC flash rate, graupel volume/mass, convective updraft volume, and maximum updraft speed). At heights <6 km, the CG LNOX production dominates the column‐integrated total LNOX production. Unlike the SAD, total LNOX production consists of a more equal contribution from IC and CG flashes for heights >6 km. Graupel volume/mass, updraft volume, and maximum updraft speed are all well correlated to the total flash rate (correlation coefficient, ρ ≥ 0.8) but are less correlated to total flash extent (ρ ≥ 0.6) and total LNOX production (ρ ≥ 0.5). Although LNOM transforms lightning observations into LNOX production values, these values are estimates and are subject to further independent validation.
Volcano deformation survey over the Northern and Central Andes with ALOS InSAR time series
Authors: Morales Rivera Anieri M. , Amelung Falk , Mothes Patricia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe use ALOS‐1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data spanning the period of 2007–2011 to obtain time‐dependent ground deformation data over all of the volcanoes in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. We detect deformation on or near the proximity of Galeras, Reventador, Tungurahua, Guagua Pichincha, Sangay, and Cerro Auquihuato volcanoes, uncovering previously undocumented deformation in the latter three. Deformation is attributed to changes in pressurization of the volcanic systems (Galeras, Tungurahua, Guagua Pichincha, and Cerro Auquihuato), subsidence associated with flow deposits (Reventador), and flank creep (Sangay). Our models suggest that the pressure sources are located at depths of ∼1–6 km from the surface, indicating that the measurable deformation within our data is restricted to shallow magma chambers and hydrothermal systems.
Vertical fluxes of nitrate in the seasonal nitracline of the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Randelhoff Achim , Fer Ilker , Sundfjord Arild , Tremblay Jean‐Éric , Reigstad Marit 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study compiles colocated oceanic observations of high‐resolution vertical profiles of nitrate concentration and turbulent microstructure around the Svalbard shelf slope, covering both the permanently ice‐free Fram Strait and the pack ice north of Svalbard. The authors present an overview over the seasonal evolution of the distribution of nitrate and its relation to upper ocean stratification. The average upward turbulent diffusive nitrate flux across the seasonal nitracline during the Arctic summer season is derived, with average values of 0.3 and 0.7 mmol m−2 d−1 for stations with and without ice cover, respectively. The increase under ice‐free conditions is attributed to different patterns of stratification under sea ice versus open water. The nitrate flux obtained from microstructure measurements lacked a seasonal signal. However, bottle incubations indicate that August nitrate uptake was reduced by more than an order of magnitude relative to the May values. It remains inconclusive whether the new production was limited by an unidentified factor other than
supply in late summer, or the uptake was underestimated by the incubation method.
Advances in Deposition of Main‐Group Metal Oxides and Rare‐Earth Oxides from Metal Enolates
Authors: Lang Heinrich , Adner David , Georgi Colin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This chapter is an update of a review published by our group elsewhere in Patai's Series; in addition, in this volume, chapters present the recent advances in the deposition of metals and transition‐metal oxides, all derived from metal enolates.
Materials featuring group 3 ‐ 12 elements have attracted great technological and scientific attention during the last decades because of their outstanding chemical and physical properties. They are widely used in industry, including a variety of catalyst supports, coatings, as dielectrics for semiconducting devices, and as sensors.
Establishment of olfactory diagnosis for the traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test
Authors: Jiang Rong‐San , Liang Kai‐Li 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThis study attempted to establish an olfactory diagnosis for the traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT‐TC).MethodsVolunteers were enrolled to receive a phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA) threshold test. Their olfactory function was divided into normal (threshold ≤ −6), mildly impaired (−6 < threshold ≤ −4), moderately impaired (−4 < threshold ≤ −2), and poor odor detection (threshold > −2). Subjects were also grouped by age: 20 to 29 years; 30 to 39 years; 40 to 49 years; 50 to 59 years; 60 to 69 years; and 70 to 79 years. They then received the UPSIT‐TC to examine their smell identification function. The cutoff scores of UPSIT‐TC among the different groups of olfactory function were determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsA total of 1440 subjects were enrolled. The score of UPSIT‐TC significantly decreased in both men and women after the age of 60 years. The cutoff scores were 29.5 between the normal and mildly impaired odor detection groups, 26.5 between the mildly and moderately impaired odor detection groups, and 16.5 between the moderately impaired and poor odor detection groups for males aged 20 to 59 years; the cutoff scores for these detection groups for males aged 60 to 79 years were 23.5. 20.5, and 13.5, respectively, and the cutoff scores for these detection groups for females aged 20 to 59 years were 30.5, 27.5, and 16.5, respectively. However, we did not find adequate cutoff scores for elderly females.ConclusionThis study established an olfactory diagnosis of UPSIT‐TC for adult subjects. However, further investigation is needed for elderly subjects.
Solution‐Processed Two‐Dimensional MoS2 Nanosheets: Preparation, Hybridization, and Applications
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Lai Zhuangchai , Tan Chaoliang , Zhang Hua 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAs one member of the emerging class of ultrathin two‐dimensional (2D) transition‐metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanomaterials, the ultra‐thin MoS2 nanosheet has attracted increasing research interest as a result of its unique structure and fascinating properties. Solution‐phase methods are promising for the scalable production, functionalization, hybridization of MoS2 nanosheets, thus enabling the widespread exploration of MoS2‐based nanomaterials for various promising applications. In this Review, an overview of the recent progress of solution‐processed MoS2 nanosheets is presented, with the emphasis on their synthetic strategies, functionalization, hybridization, properties, and applications. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this research area will be proposed.
The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of jute/polypropylene composites enhanced by ammonium polyphosphate/polypropylene powder
Authors: Dou Yanli , Guo Boyuan , Guan Dongbo , Shi Lin , Yao Weiguo , Zhang Wanxi 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTSurface flame retarded jute/polypropylene composites (J/P/A) were prepared via a modified strategy: the mixture of PP and APP powder was spread over the surface of jute/PP nonwoven felts, and then transformed into the flame retarded layer by the hot pressing process. The flame retardancy and thermal properties of composites were analyzed by limit oxygen index (LOI), horizontal burning rate (HBR), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We demonstrated that the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of composites was significantly improved compared with those obtained by presoaking the nonwoven fiber felts in flame retardant (FR) solvent before hot pressing. The mechanism of thermal degradation of jute fiber and flame‐retardant mechanism of composites were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43889.
Dysbiosis Contributes to Arthritis Development via Activation of Autoreactive T Cells in the Intestine
Authors: Maeda Yuichi , Kurakawa Takashi , Umemoto Eiji , Motooka Daisuke , Ito Yoshinaga , Gotoh Kazuyoshi , Hirota Keiji , Matsushita Masato , Furuta Yoki , Narazaki Masashi , Sakaguchi Noriko , Kayama Hisako , Nakamura Shota , Iida Tetsuya , Saeki Yukihiko , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Sakaguchi Shimon , Takeda Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveThe intestinal microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis. Altered microbiota composition has been demonstrated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it remains unclear how dysbiosis contributes to the development of arthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether altered composition of human intestinal microbiota in RA patients contributes to the development of arthritis.MethodsWe analyzed the fecal microbiota of patients with early RA and healthy controls, using 16S ribosomal RNA−based deep sequencing. We inoculated fecal samples from RA patients and healthy controls into germ‐free arthritis‐prone SKG mice and evaluated the immune responses. We also analyzed whether the lymphocytes of SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients react with the arthritis‐related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A).ResultsA subpopulation of patients with early RA harbored intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri; SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients had an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells and developed severe arthritis when treated with zymosan. Lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes and the colon, but not the spleen, of these mice showed enhanced interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) responses to RPL23A. Naive SKG mouse T cells cocultured with P copri−stimulated dendritic cells produced IL‐17 in response to RPL23A and rapidly induced arthritis.ConclusionWe demonstrated that dysbiosis increases sensitivity to arthritis via activation of autoreactive T cells in the intestine. Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells are activated by dysbiotic microbiota in the intestine, causing joint inflammation. Dysbiosis is an environmental factor that triggers arthritis development in genetically susceptible mice.
Stable coronary artery disease. Is it really stable? Lesion morphology interpretation by Grayscale and VH‐IVUS in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Brugaletta S. , Giacchi G. , Ortega‐Paz L. , Garcia‐Garcia H. M. , Sabaté M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDespite the wide knowledge on the pathological features of an unstable plaque, it is hard to differentiate in vivo a stable from an unstable plaque. The possibility to differentiate these plaques is mainly based on coronary angiography, which depicts artery as a planar silhouette of the contrast‐filled lumen without any information on the vessel wall. Conversely, intracoronary imaging techniques, such as IVUS and IVUS virtual histology, are the established gold standard for in vivo qualitatively (e.g. visually) identification of plaque morphology and coronary plaque tissue components, helping understanding of plaque stability degree. We herein describe these imaging technologies and its clinical and research applications.Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/4278780/Activity.aspx
Identifying stable coronary plaques with OCT technology
Authors: Regar E. , van Ditzhuijzen N. , van der Sijde J. , Ligthart J. , Witberg K. , van Soest G. , Karanasos A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article discusses the current value of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the assessment of stable coronary lesions. OCT generates intracoronary images with unprecedented image resolution, namely a 10‐fold higher image resolution compared to conventional intravascular ultrasound. OCT is able to visualize a variety of atherosclerotic plaques features that have been associated with rapid lesion progression and clinical events. There is broad agreement that the detailed, easy accessible, and interpretable information of OCT on the presence of atherosclerosis, its extent, lumen narrowing, as well as on the result of any interventional measure can be of clinical value, at least in individual patients and in specific clinical scenarios. Preliminary data indicate that OCT can change the operator's intention‐to‐treat and modify the overall revascularization strategy, potentially avoiding unnecessary interventional procedures. OCT might be efficient in complex interventions including treatment of long lesions, diffuse disease, bifurcations, as well as in all cases of angiographically ambiguous lesions. As such, OCT might emerge, next to its undisputed position in research, as tool of choice in all clinical scenarios where angiography is limited by its nature as two‐dimensional luminogram.Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/4279893/Activity.aspx
Wolves in Sheep's Clothing: μ‐Oxo‐Diiron Corroles Revisited
Authors: Ganguly Sumit , Vazquez‐Lima Hugo , Ghosh Abhik 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFor well over 20 years, μ‐oxo‐diiron corroles, first reported by Vogel and co‐workers in the form of μ‐oxo‐bis[(octaethylcorrolato)iron] (Mössbauer δ 0.02 mm s−1, ΔEQ 2.35 mm s−1), have been thought of as comprising a pair antiferromagnetically coupled low‐spin FeIV centers. The remarkable stability of these complexes, which can be handled at room temperature and crystallographically analyzed, present a sharp contrast to the fleeting nature of enzymatic, iron(IV)‐oxo intermediates. An array of experimental and theoretical methods have now shown that the iron centers in these complexes are not FeIV but intermediate‐spin FeIII coupled to a corrole.2−. The intramolecular spin couplings in {Fe[TPC]}2(μ‐O) were analyzed via DFT(B3LYP) calculations in terms of the Heisenberg–Dirac–van Vleck spin Hamiltonian H=JFe–corrole(SFe⋅Scorrole)+JFe–Fe′(SFe⋅SFe′)+JFe′–corrole(SFe′⋅Scorrole′), which yielded JFe–corrole=JFe′–corrole′=0.355 eV (2860 cm−1) and JFe–Fe′=0.068 eV (548 cm−1). The unexpected stability of μ‐oxo‐diiron corroles thus appears to be attributable to charge delocalization via ligand noninnocence.