bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring attitudes towards hearing aid use among middle-aged adults with hearing loss: a quantitative and validation study
Authors: Zuriekat Margaret , Alfuqaha Othman A. , Alqudah Safa , Uchiyama Adam , Alfar Mohammad , Masadeh Noor , Shetaiwi Diala , Almuaili Amenah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to translate and validate the Attitude towards Loss of Hearing Questionnaire into the Arabic language and explore attitudes of working-age adults towards their hearing loss and hearing aids.

Methods
A cross-sectional investigation was conducted of 237 middle-aged Jordanians (18-65 years old) who have hearing loss using an online questionnaire during the period of October to December 2023.

Results
The specialized experts in the field had an 88 per cent acceptance rate on all items of the Attitude towards Loss of Hearing Questionnaire. Five factors were loaded and explained a total of 58.37 per cent, confirming the validity of the Attitude towards Loss of Hearing Questionnaire Arabic version. All subscales of the Attitude towards Loss of Hearing Questionnaire surpass the normal values of Cronbach alpha. Several predictors of attitude towards loss of hearing were noted, including educational level, age, family members, income and marital status.

Conclusion
Addressing barriers to hearing aid use, such as psychosocial and economic, can improve hearing support and increase healthcare focus and collaboration among clinicians and stakeholders globally.
What is the risk of meningitis, utilising a single agent, single dose peri-operative antibiotic following endonasal endoscopic repair of a CSF leak?
Authors: Nix Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Endoscopic endonasal surgery of the skull base carries the risk of meningitis. However, no consensus on the prophylactic antibiotic regimen exists.

Methods
A prospectively held database documenting endoscopic endonasal repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in the anterior skull base was reviewed. Post-operative meningitis and antibiotic usage within 30 days of the index procedure were recorded.

Results
A total of 285 consecutive cases were identified with a post-operative meningitis rate of 3.5 per cent. The post-operative confirmed bacterial meningitis rate was 2 per cent. All cases received a single dose of a single agent antibiotic peri-operatively.
The risk of developing post-operative meningitis was associated with a post-operative CSF leak in cases undergoing tumour resection of the anterior skull base.

Conclusion
A single dose, single agent peri-operative antibiotic regimen would appear to be adequate following an endoscopic endonasal approach to repair a CSF leak in the anterior skull base.
How self-interest and symbolic politics shape the effectiveness of compensation for nearby housing development
Authors: Hankinson Michael , de Benedictis-Kessner Justin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolicy with concentrated costs often faces intense localized opposition. Both private and governmental actors frequently use financial compensation to attempt to overcome this opposition. We measure how effective such compensation is for winning policy support in the arena of housing development. We build a novel survey platform that shows respondents images of their self-reported neighborhood with hypothetical renderings of new housing superimposed on existing structures. Using a sample of nearly 600 Bostonians, we find that compensating residents increases their support for nearby market-rate housing construction. However, compensation does not influence support for affordable housing. We theorize that the inclusion of affordable housing activates symbolic attitudes, decreasing the importance of financial self-interest and thus the effectiveness of compensation. Our findings suggest greater interaction between self-interest and symbolic politics within policy design than previously asserted. Together, this research signals opportunities for coalition building by policy entrepreneurs when facing opposition due to concentrated costs.
Dietary guidelines for pregnant and lactating women, adherence levels and associated factors: a scoping review
Authors: Rahmannia Sofa , Murray Kevin , Arena Gina , Hickling Siobhan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This scoping review addresses gaps in the existing literature on dietary guidelines for pregnant and lactating women globally. The study delves into adherence levels, identifies influencing factors and examines outcomes associated with these guidelines. Analysing food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) from around the world, the review reveals that half of the countries lack FBDG, with only 15% providing tailored advice for pregnant and lactating women. Utilising data extracted from forty-seven articles across MEDLINE and EMBASE, the study highlights a scarcity of adherence studies, particularly in low- or middle-income countries (LMIC), and emphasises the lack of research during lactation. Overall adherence to dietary guidelines is low, with disparities in fruit, vegetable, whole grain and fish consumption. Positive correlations with adherence include age, education, employment, social class and certain medical histories, while negative correlations involve smoking, alcohol consumption, metropolitan residence and elevated BMI. The study documented significant associations between adherence and reduced risks of gestational complications but calls for further exploration of intermediate nutritional outcomes such as micronutrient deficiencies and child growth. Emphasising the urgency for globally standardised guidelines, especially in LMIC, this review provides a foundational call for prioritised studies and strategies to enhance dietary practices for pregnant and lactating women worldwide.
Emerging perspectives: the interplay of taste perception and oral microbiota composition in dietary preferences and obesity
Authors: Shanmugamprema Deepankumar , Muthuswamy Karthi , Subramaniam Selvakumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recent advancements in sensory research have brought to light the intricate relationship between taste perception and the oral microbiota, prompting investigations into their influence on human health, particularly in the context of dietary preferences and obesity. This review aims to update the current understanding of how oral microbiota influence taste perception and dietary choices, elucidating shared metabolic pathways between food processing and oral bacteria. Further, this review outlines the mechanisms underlying taste perception, emphasising the role of taste receptors and taste buds in shaping sensory experiences influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Notably, we explore the bidirectional relationship between oral microbiota and taste sensitivity, highlighting the potential impact of microbial composition on taste perception thresholds and implications for dietary habits and health outcomes, such as obesity and dental caries. However, significant research gaps remain, particularly in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking oral microbiota with taste sensitivity, as well as the long-term effects of microbiota-targeted interventions. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and experimental interventions to explore these connections more deeply, offering insights into potential strategies for promoting healthier dietary behaviours and managing diet-related non-communicable diseases.
Boric acid supplementation promotes the development of in vitro-produced mouse embryos by related pluripotent and antioxidant genes
Authors: Taskin Ali Cihan , Kocabay Ahmet , Gul Seref , Sahin Gizem Nur , Karahuseyinoglu Sercin , Kavakli I. Halil , Sogut Ibrahim 
Published: October 2024

SummaryBoric acid (BA) is an important mineral for plants, animals and humans that assists metabolic function and has both positive and negative effects on biological systems. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of BA added to the culture media, the quality and in vitro development potential of mouse embryos. Superovulated C57Bl6/6j female mice were sacrificed ∼18 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection. Single-cell-stage embryos were collected from the oviduct, divided into experiment groups and cultured in embryo medium with supplemented BA+ in 5% CO2 at 37 °C until 96 hours at the blastocyst stage. The blastocyst development rates of 0, 1.62 × 10−1, 1.62 × 10−2, 1.62 × 10−3 and 1.62 × 10−4 µM BA were 51.52%, 73.47%, 77.36% and 81.13%, respectively. The in vitro development rates were significantly higher in the 1.62 × 10−3 (p < 0.05) and 1.62 × 10−4 µM BA groups than in the control group (p < 0.001). These results indicated that low BA doses influenced embryo development by positively affecting in vitro development rates, embryo cell numbers, biochemical parameters and development at the molecular level by pluripotent and antioxidant genes. Therefore, BA seems to play an important role on in vitro embryo development.
Heterogeneity in cognitive profiles of monolingual and bilingual Hispanic/Latino older adults in HABS-HD
Authors: Clark Alexandra L. , Reyes Anny , Breton Jordana , Petersen Melissa , O’Bryant Sid , Grasso Stephanie M. ,   for the HABS-HD Study Team
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective:The present study characterized heterogeneity in the cognitive profiles of monolingual and bilingual Latino older adults enrolled in the HABS-HD.Methods:A total of 859 cognitively unimpaired older adults completed neuropsychological testing. Raw scores for cognitive tests were converted to z-scores adjusted for age, education, sex, and language of testing. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted for monolingual and bilingual speaker groups. A series of 2–5 class solutions were examined, and the optimal model was selected based on fit indices, posterior probabilities, proportion of sample sizes, and pattern of scores. Identified classes were compared on sociodemographic, psychosocial, and health characteristics.Results:For the monolingual group (n = 365), a 3-class solution was optimal; this consisted of a Low Average Memory group with low average verbal memory performances on the SEVLT Total Learning and Delayed Recall trials, as well as an Average Cognition group and a High Average Cognition group. For the bilingual group (n = 494), a 3-class solution was observed to be optimal; this consisted of a Low Average Memory group, with low average verbal memory performances on the learning and delayed recall trials of Logical Memory; a Low Average Executive group, where performance on Trails A and B and Digit Substitution were the lowest; and a High Average Cognition group, where performance was generally in the high average range across most cognitive measures.Conclusions:Cognitive class solutions differed across monolingual and bilingual groups and illustrate the need to better understand cognitive variability in linguistically diverse samples of Latino older adults.
Do women state legislators and administrators make any difference in preventing natural disaster mortality? Evidence from India
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Joyita , Parida Yashobanta , Sahoo Prakash Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigate the effect of women's political representation in the state legislative assembly and public administration on natural disaster mortality in 20 Indian states from 1981 to 2019. The paper combines two critical dimensions: political and administrative representation of women and disaster risk reduction. Results suggest that women's political representation reduces total disaster mortality after controlling socioeconomic and political covariates; however, the effects are statistically insignificant for the current and lag periods. We find that a one standard deviation increase in women's representation in public administration lowers total disaster mortality by 20.6 percentage points, which is 9.8 per cent of the sample mean. We observe the impacts of female administrative representation on gender-specific human development outcomes through reduced male and female disaster mortality, and we explain some mechanisms. Thus, women's political and administrative representation is crucial for addressing disaster mortality as it has major public health consequences.
Heterogeneous biased expectations of young and old individuals: macroeconomic effects and policy implications
Authors: Lee Jaeho 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the effects of heterogeneous biased expectations between the young and old on business cycles and explores its policy implications. Empirical findings reveal that individuals, particularly the young, can have more optimistic or pessimistic views about the future state of the economy compared to the data-generating measure. This study relates these results to the learning-from-experience literature, which suggests that individuals, particularly the young, place greater weight on recent observations when forming their expectations. Incorporating household weighting schemes into a life-cycle learning model, I show that household sensitivity to recent observations amplifies the effects of economic shocks. However, the amplification effects become less extensive as the population ages due to the lower sensitivity of the old. My simulation results indicate that a 10 percentage point increase in the old population ratio leads to a 16 percent decrease in output volatility. Regarding policy implications, this paper suggests that the government spending multiplier declines by approximately 10 percent when the old population ratio rises by 10 percentage points due to weak amplification effects. Moreover, the weakened output effects deteriorate the welfare of the population, particularly that of the young.
Cross-sectional associations between fruit and vegetable intake and successful ageing across six countries: findings from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)
Authors: Milte Catherine M , Lamb Karen E , McNaughton Sarah A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study develops successful ageing profiles across six low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and examines associations with fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake.

Design:
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in mid-aged and older adults from the WHO Study of Global Ageing. Participants without chronic disease, cognitive impairment, depression or disability and with good physical, cardiovascular and respiratory function were considered to have successfully aged. Associations between F&V intake (serves/d) and successful ageing were examined using log-binomial regression adjusting for key confounders.

Setting:
China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa.

Participants:
A total of 28 785 men and women aged 50 years and over.

Results:
Successful ageing ranged from 4 % in Mexico to 15 % in China. After adjustment, only Ghana showed an association between fruit intake and successful ageing, with an inverse association identified (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0·87, 95 % CI 0·78, 0·98). An inverse association between vegetable intake and successful ageing was found in China (0·97, 0·95, 0·98) but no other country. An inverse association was shown for both China (0·98, 0·96, 0·99) and Ghana (0·92, 0·84, 1·00) when considering fruit and vegetables combined.

Conclusions:
Associations between F&V intake and successful ageing are inconsistent. Further studies on LMIC countries are needed to meet the challenges of the ageing population.
Wireless image transfer by various antennas using transmitter and receiver modules at 5.8 GHz
Authors: Rai Gobind , Sehgal Puneet , Patel Kamlesh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research proposes an inexpensive technique for wireless image transfer for security and surveillance applications. The technique uses a 5.8 GHz transmitter and receiver module, along with external antennas in the real-time image transfer within a radius of 100 m. The transferred images are stored in a laptop using a Python code-based graphical user interface application. Different antennas, dipole, circular split-ring resonators, hexagonal split-ring resonators, and metamaterial antennas are utilized for comparison. The Blind/Referenceless Image Spatial Quality Evaluator method is used to assess the picture quality of transferred images to quantify image transfer performance when no ground truth or reference photos are supplied. According to the presented results, images transferred using metamaterial antennas have higher quality than those transferred with other types of antennas. For security considerations, such a system can communicate and store the images in real time.
Global patterns and trends of suicide mortality and years of life lost among adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Yan Na , Luo Yunjiao , Mackay Louisa Esi , Wang Yuhao , Wang Yingxue , Wang Yihan , Shiferaw Blen Dereje , Wang Jingjing , Tang Jie , Yan Wenjun , Wang Qingzhi , Gao Xiuyin , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsWe aimed to report an overview of trends in suicide mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) among adolescents and young adults aged 10–24 years by sex, age group, Socio-demographic Index (SDI), region and country from 1990 to 2021 as well as the suicide mortality with age, period and birth cohort effects.MethodsEstimates and 95% uncertainty intervals for suicide mortality and YLLs were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021. Joinpoint analysis was used to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to describe the mortality and rate of YLLs trends. Age, period and cohort model was utilized to disentangle age, period and birth cohort effects on suicide mortality trends.ResultsGlobally, suicide mortality and the rate of YLLs among adolescents and young adults both declined from 1990 to 2021 (AAPC: −1.6 [−2.1 to −1.2]). In 2021, the global number of suicide death cases was 112.9 thousand [103.9–122.2 thousand] and led to 7.9 million [7.2–8.6 million] YLLs. A significant reduction in suicide mortality was observed in all sexes and age groups. By SDI quintiles, the high SDI region (AAPC: −0.3 [−0.6 to 0.0]) had the slowest decline trend, and low-middle SDI region remained the highest suicide mortality till 2021 (7.8 per 100,000 population [6.9–8.6]). Most SDI regions showed generally lower period and cohort effects during the study period, whereas high SDI region showed more unfavourable risks, especially period and cohort effects in females. Regionally, Central Latin America (AAPC: 1.7 [1.1–2.3]), Tropical Latin America (AAPC: 1.5 [0.9–2.0]), High-income Asia Pacific (AAPC: 1.2 [0.7–1.7]) and Southern sub-Saharan Africa (AAPC: 0.8 [0.4–1.2]) had the significance increase in suicide mortality. In 2021, Southern sub-Saharan Africa had the highest mortality (10.5 per 100,000 population [8.6–12.5]). Nationally, a total of 29 countries had a significant upward trend in suicide mortality and rate of YLLs over the past three decades, and certain countries in low-middle and middle regions exhibited an extremely higher burden of suicide.ConclusionsGlobal suicide mortality and the rate of YLLs among adolescents and young adults both declined from 1990 to 2021, but obvious variability was observed across regions and countries. Earlier mental health education and targeted management are urgently required for adolescents and young adults in certain areas.
Hope-Bearing Legislation? The Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015
Authors: Stokes Elen , Smyth Caer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015 is a landmark piece of sustainable development legislation and marks a significant development in the emerging legal identity of Wales. Despite the Act's significance and ambition, it has been criticized as merely ‘aspirational’ – as ‘non-law-bearing’ and unenforceable by legal means. The Act is not without difficulties. However, it also has notable legal and other qualities that are often not captured within the standard justiciability-enforceability frame of analysis. Our aim here is to broaden the context for examining the Act and other ‘aspirational’ legislation like it. To that end, we identify three sets of questions that help to bring out different ideas around the Act's varied enforceability, its possible constitutional status, and its potential role as a bearer of hope.
Transnational Governance of Soybean Land Use in South America: A Polycentric Approach
Authors: Min Zhang , Romero Wimer Fernando 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The expansion of soybean cultivation in South America has created substantial economic prosperity but has also raised a series of unsustainable land-use issues. Considering the telecoupling system (a system of socio-ecological interactions between distant places) between South America and its soybean trade partners, transnational governance could play an important role in addressing these issues. To achieve effective governance of this specific telecoupling system, this study applies a polycentric approach to improve the existing transnational governance and identify more suitable governance arrangements. This study first explores the telecoupling system and the existing transnational governance system of soybean land use in South America. It then compares the existing governance system with the polycentric approach to examine the gaps between them. Based on these analyses, suggestions for improving the governance system are provided, including increasing the involvement of major governance centres, improving public-private partnerships, and establishing a knowledge-sharing platform.
Investigation of Thermospheric Response to Geomagnetic Storms Using GITM‐OVATION Prime and ‐FTA Model With Comparison to GOLD and SABER Observations
Authors: Chand Atishnal Elvin , Bowden George , Brown Melrose 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlobal Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (GITM) results have been compared with measurements from Global‐scale observations of the limb and disk (GOLD) and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER). For the first time, GOLD‐derived exospheric temperature and column‐integrated ratio measurements have been used to validate GITM model results. We examine two geomagnetic storm events for which we drive GITM with space weather conditions to understand how well the model reproduces the thermospheric responses to geomagnetic activity. In this paper, a recently developed auroral model, the Feature Tracking of Aurora (FTA) model, has been employed to calculate auroral electron precipitation in GITM (GITM w/FTA), and results are compared with the OVATION prime (OP) driven GITM model (GITM w/OP). GITM w/FTA simulated temperature, neutral density, and nitric oxide (NO) density are generally higher compared to the GITM w/OP model. During the geomagnetic storm, the GITM model and GOLD‐derived exospheric temperature agree between and N latitude in the equatorial region. GOLD measurements show strong peaks on either side of the equator during the geomagnetic storm period, which is also observed in our model results. The NO cooling peaks estimated by GITM models are 20 km lower than SABER observations during geomagnetic storms. GITM w/FTA better matches SABER observations than GITM w/OP except at low latitudes during storm time. Our model‐model/data comparisons show that improved auroral models are needed to better capture the thermospheric variations during geomagnetic storms.