bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a school-based preventive life skills program for youth in a remote Indigenous community in North Australia
Authors: Robinson Gary , Leckning Bernard , Midford Richard , Harper Helen , Silburn Sven , Gannaway Jess , Dolan Kylie , Delphine Tim , Hayes Craig 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of development and the pilot implementation of a preventive life skills curriculum for Indigenous middle school students in a very remote community college in the West Arnhem region of North Australia. The curriculum integrates proven educational and psychological techniques with culturally informed notions of relatedness and was developed as a contribution to efforts to prevent alarming rates of suicide among remote Indigenous youth. In this paper, the term, Indigenous refers to Australians of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent.Design/methodology/approach– Based on reviews of research literature on school-based suicide prevention and social and emotional learning in both general and Indigenous populations, and following detailed community consultations, a 12 week curriculum was drafted and implemented in two middle school classes (combined years 7-9). Lessons were videotaped and later analyzed and detailed commentary was sought from participating school staff.Findings– The pilot program has yielded important insights into requirements of a curriculum for young people with low English literacy levels and with variable school attendance patterns. It confirmed the need to adjust both pedagogical approach and curriculum content for the program to have resonance with students from this linguistic and cultural background and with varying levels of exposure to multiple stressors in disadvantaged community settings.Practical implications– The project has identified and resolved key questions for sustainable implementation of a preventive curriculum in challenging community circumstances.Originality/value– There are to date no examples of the systematic adaptation and design of a universal preventive intervention specifically for remote Australian Indigenous youth. The project is the first step toward the formal evaluation of the efficacy of a classroom-based approach to suicide prevention in remote community schools.
Rationale of early adopters of fossil fuel divestment
Authors: Beer Christopher Todd 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This research uses the social science perspectives of institutions, ecological modernization and social movements to analyze the rationale used by the early-adopting universities of fossil fuel divestment in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
Through analysis of qualitative data from interviews with key actors at the universities that divested their endowments from fossil fuels, the paper examines how institutions navigate competing logics and frame their rationale.

Findings
The results show that while many institutions relied on ecological values embedded in their missions to justify their decision to divest, many also continued to embrace an altered version of market logic.

Research limitations/implications
This research is primarily limited by its small population size. If the number of adoptees increases in the future, quantitative analysis should look for statistically robust trends.

Practical implications
The implications of this research are that we can expect more universities to commit to divesting from fossil fuels if their mission statements provide them with cultural material to rationalize the decision, but also expect them to couch the decision in continued goals and concerns for fiduciary responsibility and the subsequent growth of their endowment.

Social implications
Social actors engaged in the fossil fuel divestment campaign may take this research and conclude that they need to build their arguments around the existing institutional logics and cultural identity.

Originality/value
This paper contributes original primary data documenting how institutional actors confront dominant logics using both a mixture of internal cultural identity and the reframing of the legitimated market logics.
Greening the campus: a theoretical extension of the dialogic communication approach
Authors: Carpenter Serena , Takahashi Bruno , Lertpratchya Alisa P. , Cunningham Carie 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the strategic organization-public dialogic communication practices of universities in the USA. The authors used the dialogic model of communication to explore the extent to which higher education sustainability leaders (SL) at the top 25 USA sustainable engage in relational communication strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
The qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with campus sustainability and student group leaders from a mix of regional areas in the USA. The authors examined the transcripts for concepts argued to exist within the dialogic model of communication from the public relations field.

Findings
Results reveal that SL rely on dialogic communication strategies to recruit active participants, build stakeholder bridges across campus and empower individuals to have an impact within specific sustainability areas. Communicators most likely engaged in empathy, followed by propinquity, mutuality, commitment and risk of the dialogic model.

Research limitations/implications
The authors extended the dialogic model of communication by identifying theoretical issues and scale items that can be used to measure each dimension of the model in future work.

Practical implications
The results reveal several ways that institutes of higher education could successfully use relational strategies to promote sustainability across multiple campus groups and departments by recruiting campus ambassadors, collectively defining sustainability and sharing public progress reports.

Originality/value
Few studies of sustainability in higher education holistically examine the relationship building practices of organizations that promote sustainability, despite the fact that communication is identified as a key factor in the successful implementation of sustainable actions.
Influence of Staff Encouragement on Perceived Burden of Dietary Restriction Among Patients Living Alone
Authors: Ikenoue Tatsuyoshi , Fukuma Shingo , Yamamoto Yosuke , Yamazaki Shin , Akizawa Tadao , Akiba Takashi , Saito Akira , Kurokawa Kiyoshi , Fukuhara Shunichi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTo help relieve the burden of dietary restrictions experienced by many hemodialysis (HD) patients, dialysis staff may encourage patients, with no consideration to the degree of family support. Here, we clarified the effect of staff encouragement and living conditions on the burden of dietary restrictions in HD patients. This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) I and III. We enrolled patients aged 18–75 years on HD therapy for at least 3 months. We categorized patients into four groups based on combinations of level of staff encouragement (high or low) and living condition (alone or with family) at baseline survey. Patients who felt they received high staff encouragement and lived with their family were set as the control. The main outcome was increase in patients' perceived burden of dietary restriction after 1 year. 1377 (69.1%) felt they received high staff encouragement, and 176 (9.1%) were living alone. After 1 year, 537 (26.9%) patients reported feeling an increased burden of dietary restriction. A low level of staff encouragement did not increase the burden in any patients, regardless of living situation. However, a high level of staff encouragement did increase the burden in patients living alone (adjusted odds ratio: 1.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.05–2.36). We observed an unexpected association between high staff encouragement and increased burden of dietary restriction among patients living alone. Staff encouragement may not relieve patients' burden with respect to dietary restriction and may in fact exacerbate it.
Therapeutic Apheresis in Pregnancy: Three Differential Indications With Positive Maternal and Fetal Outcome
Authors: Perrone Giuseppina , Brunelli Roberto , Marcoccia Eleonora , Zannini Ilaria , Candelieri Miriam , Gozzer Maria , Stefanutti Claudia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTherapeutic apheresis (TA) is a complex extracorporeal procedure for the treatment of several acute and chronic diseases. TA in pregnancy is considered safe for both mother and fetus and has the same indications of non‐pregnant patients. TA can be used during the entire course of the pregnancy with the following purposes: (i) to treat several maternal acute and chronic conditions; (ii) to treat fetal conditions; (iii) to avoid administration of drugs potentially harmful to the fetus; and (iv) to reach a more advanced gestational age in order to prevent fetal prematurity. We report three successfully treated patients throughout pregnancy, for differential indications: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, red blood cells alloimmunization and ulcerative colitis. Multiple courses of TA have been performed without any complications for the mother and the fetus. A review and a discussion on the particular TA implications related to maternal‐fetal medicine have been reported. When approaching TA in pregnancy, clinicians have to consider the severity of disease, the strength of the indications, and the gestational age. Each case must be evaluated individually on the basis of existing evidence since, despite the increasing use, specific guidelines for apheresis in pregnancy are still lacking.
Hyperadherence of Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120ΔC increases productivity of (S)‐styrene oxide formation
Authors: Schmutzler Karolin , Kupitz Katharina , Schmid Andreas , Buehler Katja 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe attachment strength of biofilm microbes is responsible for the adherence of the cells to surfaces and thus is a critical parameter in biofilm processes. In tubular microreactors, aqueous‐air segmented flow ensures an optimal oxygen supply and prevents excessive biofilm growth. However, organisms growing in these systems depend on an adaptation phase of several days, before mature and strong biofilms can develop. This is due to strong interfacial forces. In this study, a hyperadherent mutant of Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120ΔCeGFP possessing an engineered cyclic diguanylate metabolism, was applied to a continuous biofilm process for the production of (S)‐styrene oxide. Cells of the mutant P. taiwanensis VLB120ΔCeGFP Δ04710, showing the same specific activity as the wild type, adhered substantially stronger to the substratum. Adaptation to the high interfacial forces was not necessary in these cases. Thereby, 40% higher final product concentrations were achieved and the maximal volumetric productivity of the parent strain was significantly surpassed by P. taiwanensis VLB120ΔCeGFP Δ04710. Applying mutants with strong adhesion in biofilm‐based catalysis opens the door to biological process control in future applications of catalytic biofilms using other industrially relevant strains.
Pharmacokinetic Profile of Oral Magnesium Hydroxide
Authors: Dolberg Mette Konow Bøgebjerg , Nielsen Lars Peter , Dahl Ronald 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDespite the presumption of a beneficial effect of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on various diseases, little is known concerning the pharmacokinetics of Mg hydroxide. This study was designed to provide a pharmacokinetic profile of Mg hydroxide after a single oral dose. Ten healthy male adults participated in this cross‐over study with three 24‐hr study days. Interventions were (i) none (baseline), (ii) oral intake of three (3 × 360 mg) tablets of Mg hydroxide (Mablet®) and (iii) IV bolus infusion of 2 g Mg sulphate (index drug). Blood samples were collected before the single dose, after (i.e. after treatment administration) 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. and after 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hr. Urine was collected in four 6‐hr periods per study day. Blood (N = 10) and urine (N = 6) Mg were analysed by descriptive statistics. Bioavailability was 14.9% (CI: 8.3; 26.8), blood clearance was 5.1 L/hr (CI: 2.1; 17.0), apparent volume of distribution was 60.2 L (CI: 35.6; 102.0), elimination constant was 0.08 per hour (CI: 0.05; 0.14), half‐life was 8.3 hr (CI: 4.8; 14.1), Cmax was 0.11 mmol/L (CI: 0.07; 0.14), and AUC[0–24] was 92.3 mmol/L × min. (CI: 45.5; 139.1). Urine Mg excretion augmented by 17.7% (CI: 8.9; 35.0) from baseline. No severe side effects were observed. The bioavailability of Mg hydroxide was 15%, and it constitutes a clinically relevant option for oral Mg supplementation. No severe side effects were seen.
Traumatic biliary neuroma after orthotopic liver transplantation: a possible cause of “unexplained” anastomotic biliary stricture
Authors: Navez Julie , Golse Nicolas , Bancel Brigitte , Rode Agnès , Ducerf Christian , Mezoughi Salim , Mohkam Kayvan , Mabrut Jean‐Yves 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic biliary neuromas (TBNs) represent a rare cause of biliary stricture (BS) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Diagnosis is challenging preoperatively and is most often made at pathology after resection. Herein, we report a 20‐year experience of TBN‐related BS.Patients and methodsMedical records of 1030 adult patients undergoing OLT from 1991 to 2014 were reviewed. Patients with histologically proven TBN were identified among those presenting a BS.ResultsOver the study period, 52 patients developed an anastomotic BS. Of these, 17 had repeat surgery and specimen examination identified TBN in five instances. All five patients with TBN had a duct‐to‐duct biliary reconstruction during OLT. Median delay from OLT to onset of symptoms was 69 months (range 4–239). Preoperative imaging showed a compressive mass in one patient. Four patients underwent TBN resection combined with hepaticojejunostomy and had an uneventful postoperative course. One patient underwent TBN resection and duct‐to‐duct reconstruction; he died from acute pancreatitis on postoperative day 21. After a median follow‐up of 40.5 months (range 10–54), no recurrent BS occurred.ConclusionTraumatic biliary neuromas represent a possible diagnosis for unexplained anastomotic BS after OLT. Surgical excision combined with hepaticojejunostomy is effective, allows histological diagnosis, and prevents from recurrence.
Association between opioid use and readmission following liver transplantation
Authors: Rogal Shari , Mankaney Gautham , Udawatta Viyan , Good Chester B. , Chinman Matthew , Zickmund Susan , Bielefeldt Klaus , Jonassaint Naudia , Jazwinski Alison , Shaikh Obaid , Hughes Christopher , Humar Abhinav , DiMartini Andrea , Fine Michael J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the independent association between pre‐transplant prescription opioid use and readmission following liver transplantation. We reviewed the medical records of all patients at a single medical center undergoing primary, single‐organ, liver transplantation from 2004 to 2014. We assessed factors associated with hospital readmission 30 days and 1 year after hospital discharge using multivariable competing risk regression models. Among 1056 transplant recipients, 49 (4.6%) were prescribed pre‐transplant prescription opioids. Readmission occurred in 421 (40%) patients within 30 days and 689 (65%) within 1 year. Patients with pre‐transplant opioid use had a significantly higher risk of readmission at 30 days (HR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1–2.5) and a non‐significantly elevated risk at 1 year (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0–1.9) when controlling for other potential confounders. Although pain was the major reason for readmission in only 12 (3%) patients at 30 days and 33 (6%) patients at 1 year, pre‐transplant opioid use was significantly associated with pain‐related readmission at both time points. In conclusion, prescription opioid use pre‐transplantation was significantly associated with all‐cause 30‐day readmissions and pain‐related readmissions at 30 days and 1 year.
The Tax Exemption to Subchapter S Banks: Who Gets the Benefit?
Authors: Chang Chun‐Hao , Jain Ajeet , Lawrence Edward R. , Prakash Arun J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 allows U.S. banks to adopt the Subchapter S status. We investigate if the Subchapter S banks use tax benefits for the intended purposes of “protecting jobs,” “creating opportunities” and “increasing take home pay of workers.” We find that the tax benefits: (a) are not used in expenses related to protection of jobs, (b) do not lead to greater employment opportunities within the Subchapter S banks, and (c) do not benefit the employees in the form of increased salaries and benefits. Our results indicate that bank owners are sole beneficiaries of the tax exemption benefits.
Mitigating Estimation Risk in Asset Allocation: Diagonal Models Versus 1/N Diversification
Authors: Stivers Chris , Sun Licheng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent literature suggests that optimal asset‐allocation models struggle to consistently outperform the 1/N naïve diversification strategy, which highlights estimation‐risk concerns. We propose a dichotomous classification of asset‐allocation models based on which elements of the inverse covariance matrix that a model uses: diagonal only versus full matrix. We argue that parsimonious diagonal‐only strategies, which use limited information such as volatility or idiosyncratic volatility, are likely to offer a good tradeoff between incorporating limited information while mitigating estimation risk. Evaluating five sets of portfolios over 1926–2012, we find that 1/N is generally not optimal when compared with these diagonal strategies.
Primary productivity is weakly related to floristic alpha and beta diversity across Australia
Authors: Burley Hugh M. , Mokany Karel , Ferrier Simon , Laffan Shawn W. , Williams Kristen J. , Harwood Tom D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAim Ecosystem functions such as productivity may be influenced not only by the biological diversity at each location (α‐diversity) but also by the biological turnover between locations (β‐diversity). We perform a continental‐scale test of the strength and direction of relationships between gross primary productivity (GPP) and both α‐ and β‐diversity.Location Continental Australia.Methods Species occurrence records were used to quantify the taxonomic α‐diversity of vascular plants in approximately 11,000 1 km × 1 km grid cells across Australia, and to calculate the average β‐diversity within a 10‐km radius around each cell. The magnitude and variability of monthly, MODIS‐derived remotely sensed GPP (2001–12) were summarized for continental Australia, as were rainfall and temperature over the same period. Generalized additive models were then used to test whether the magnitude or variability of GPP were distinctly influenced by either biodiversity measure, over and above the influence of environmental conditions.Results Precipitation and temperature explained large proportions of deviance in the magnitude (75.6%) and variability (38.3%) of GPP across the Australian continent. GPP was marginally more strongly related to species richness than it was to species turnover. However, neither diversity measure provided substantial increases in the explanatory power of GPP models over and above that of environment‐only models (always < 1%).Main conclusions The relationship between primary productivity and taxonomic α‐ and β‐diversity was weak for the Australian flora. Our findings question the generality of key assumptions, predictions and results in the literature regarding the strength of empirical relationships between productivity and biodiversity across multiple biological levels (α‐, β‐ and γ‐diversity) at macroecological scales.
Dietary patterns and risk of colorectal adenoma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Godos J. , Bella F. , Torrisi A. , Sciacca S. , Galvano F. , Grosso G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundCurrent evidence suggests that dietary patterns may play an important role in colorectal cancer risk. The present study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies exploring the association between dietary patterns and colorectal adenomas (a precancerous condition).MethodsPubmed and EMBASE electronic databases were systematically searched to retrieve eligible studies. Only studies exploring the risk or association with colorectal adenomas for the highest versus lowest category of exposure to a posteriori dietary patterns were included in the quantitative analysis. Random‐effects models were applied to calculate relative risks (RRs) of colorectal adenomas for high adherence to healthy or unhealthy dietary patterns. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were explored.ResultsTwelve studies were reviewed. Three studies explored a priori dietary patterns using scores identifying adherence to the Mediterranean, Paleolithic and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and reported an association with decreased colorectal adenoma risk. Two studies tested the association with colorectal adenomas between a posteriori dietary patterns showing lower odds of disease related to plant‐based compared to meat‐based dietary patterns. Seven studies identified 23 a posteriori dietary patterns and the analysis revealed that higher adherence to healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns was significantly associated risk of colorectal adenomas (RR = 0.81, 95% confidence interval = 0.71, 0.94 and RR = 1.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.13, 1.35, respectively) with no evidence of heterogeneity or publication bias.ConclusionsThe results of this systematic review and meta‐analysis indicate that dietary patterns may be associated with the risk of colorectal adenomas.
Effects of Prior Knowledge on Memory: Implications for Education
Authors: Shing Yee Lee , Brod Garvin 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of events and facts form the basis for acquiring new skills and knowledge. Prior knowledge can enhance those memory processes considerably and thus foster knowledge acquisition. But prior knowledge can also hinder knowledge acquisition, in particular when the to‐be‐learned information is inconsistent with the presuppositions of the learner. Therefore, taking students' prior knowledge into account and knowing about the way it affects memory processes is important for optimization of students' learning. Recent behavioral and neuroimaging experiments have shed new light on the neural mechanisms through which prior knowledge affects memory. However, relatively little is known about developmental differences in the ability to make efficient use of one's knowledge base for memory purposes. In this article, we review and integrate recent empirical evidence from developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience about the effects of prior knowledge on memory processes. In particular, this may entail an extended shift from processing in the medial temporal lobes of the brain toward processing in the neocortex. Such findings have implications for students as developing individuals. Therefore, we highlight recent insights from cognitive neuroscience that call for further investigation in educational settings, discussing to what extent these novel insights may inform teaching in the classroom.