bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It’s a battlefield! A thematic analysis of narratives shared in Cape Town emergency departments
Authors: Cunningham Charmaine , Vosloo Marietjie , Wallis Lee 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe Emergency Department(ED) team need to make sense of an ever-changing dynamic environment. The stories people tell about everyday occurrences are central to how sense-making occurs. These stories also contribute to organisational culture, with the frequently told narratives maintaining organisational identity and shaping behaviour. By capturing stories in the ED, valuable insights can be gained into organisational culture and identity.MethodsNon-random purposive sampling was used to recruit doctors and nurses from EDs in five hospitals in Cape Town. Data collection took place over 8 weeks between June and August 2018. Participants were asked to tell a short descriptive narrative, provide a title for their story and create a metaphor to describe working in the ED. Data were captured using the SenseMaker Collector tool, and stories were exported into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for analysis. An inductive thematic analysis was undertaken to discover the dominant themes.ResultsStories were collected from 89 participants. Five did not meet the inclusion criteria and were excluded. Four themes were identified. The theme‘the usual chaos’included stories about everyday challenges, clinical situations and the difficulties in managing patients with acute behavioural disturbance and those with mental health disorders in the ED. ‘There is no help’included stories about a perceived lack of support from the rest of the hospital and healthcare system, whereas ‘set up to fail’referred to characteristics of the ED, including crowding and boarders. The fourth theme demonstrated a pervasive ‘war-like mentality’shared among professional groups in the ED.ConclusionConsidering the ED as a socially constructed verbal system, we identified stories that used war-like metaphors, and related staff feelings of being unsupported and disconnected. The findings are concerning from an organisational perspective. The next step is to facilitate a participative process to strategically shape future narratives.
ECM1 attenuates hepatic fibrosis by interfering with mediators of latent TGF-β1 activation
Authors: Link Frederik , Li Yujia , Zhao Jieling , Munker Stefan , Fan Weiguo , Nwosu Zeribe C , Yao Ye , Wang Shanshan , Huang Chenjun , Liebe Roman , Hammad Seddik , Liu Hui , Shao Chen , Gao Chunfang , Sun Bing , Török Natalie J , Ding Huiguo , Ebert Matthias PA , Weng Honglei , ten Dijke Peter , Drasdo Dirk , Dooley Steven , Wang Sai 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveExtracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) serves as a gatekeeper of hepatic fibrosis by maintaining transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in its latent form. ECM1 knockout (KO) causes latent (L) TGF-β1 activation, resulting in hepatic fibrosis with rapid mortality. In chronic liver disease (CLD), ECM1 decreases with increasing CLD severity. We investigate the regulatory role of ECM1 in TGF-β1 bioavailability and its impact on CLD progression.DesignRNAseq was performed to analyse hepatic gene expression. Functional assays were performed using hepatic stellate cells (HSCs),Ecm1-KO andFxr-KO mice, patient liver tissue and computer simulations.ResultsExpression of LTGF-β1 activators, including thrombospondins (TSPs), ADAMTS proteases and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), increased along with profibrotic gene expression in liver tissue ofEcm1-KO mice. In HSCs, overexpression of ECM1 prevented LTGF-β1 activation mediated by TSP-1, ADAMTS1, and MMP-2/9. In vitro interaction assays demonstrated that ECM1 inhibited LTGF-β1 activation by interacting with TSP-1 and ADAMTS1 via their respective, intrinsic KRFK or KTFR amino acid sequences and by suppressing MMP-2/9 proteolytic activity. In mice, ECM1 overexpression attenuated KRFK-induced LTGF-β1 activation while KTFR treatment reversedEcm1-KO-mediated andFxr-KO-mediated liver injury. In patients with CLD, ECM1 expression was inversely correlated with TSP-1, ADAMTS1, MMP-2/9 expression and LTGF-β1 activation. And, these results were complemented by a computational compartment model representing the key network of cellular phenotypes and predicted interactions in liver fibrogenesis.ConclusionOur findings underscore the hepatoprotective effect of ECM1, which interferes with mediators of LTGF-β1 activation, suggesting ECM1 or its representative peptide as potential antifibrotic therapies in CLD.
Case–control study of fatal bicycle crashes in peri-urban areas of Delhi
Authors: Paturi Rasagna , Agrawal Srishti , Bilam Sumit , Bhalla Kavi , Goel Rahul 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesThere is a lack of evidence on interventions to improve the safety of cycling use in low- and middle-income countries. We investigated the impact of road design and traffic characteristics on the fatality risk of bicyclists.MethodsOur study population is the road sites in the peri-urban areas of New Delhi, India. We used a retrospective, population-based case–control study design. We identified 50 case sites (road locations) where a fatal cycle crash had occurred over a 3-year period. For control sites, we intercepted and interviewed three cyclists at each case site, mapped their route to the crash location using Google Maps and selected one random location on each of those routes as controls. We recorded traffic and road design characteristics at the case and control sites. We used a logistic regression model to estimate ORs of site characteristics.ResultsWe found a strong effect of the presence of U-turns on the likelihood of a bicycle fatality, with an OR of 4.4 (95% CI 1.8, 11.5). This effect is robust against multiple sensitivity analyses. We found that the volume of cars is associated with an increased likelihood and that of motorcycles with a reduced likelihood of bicycle fatalities.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the presence of U-turns is a strong risk factor for bicycle fatalities in Delhi. Given the strong evidence of their impact on the safety of bicyclists, their construction should be discontinued in zones of high bicycle presence.
Snow as an indicator of atmospheric transport of anthropogenic particles (microplastics and microfibers) from urban to Arctic regions
Authors: Yu Jasmine T. , Diamond Miriam L. , Ward Eric , Adams Jennifer K. , Cherian-Hall Amaya , Gamberg Mary , Obediah Tyler , Palmer Michael , Platt Andrew , Worthy Cassandra , Finkelstein Sarah A. , Jantunen Liisa M. 
Published: October 2024

We report anthropogenic particles (APs) >100 µm, including microplastics and microfibers, from 70 surface snow samples collected from the urban Greater Toronto Area, remote and sparsely inhabited regions in the Yukon and Northwest Territories, and the unpopulated high Arctic. Concentrations and proportions of particles of anthropogenic origin were conservatively estimated after blank and “anthropogenic origin” corrections were performed based on visual analysis and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (µFTIR). APs were dominated by microfibers (95%–100%), with variable concentrations across and within regions. Microfibers were distinguished as synthetic, regenerated semi-synthetic, anthropogenically modified cellulosic, and natural cellulosic or proteinaceous. Among microfibers with confirmed anthropogenic origin, most were polyester/PET (8%–22%) and semi-synthetic rayon (1%–18%), with anthropogenic cellulose comprising a small proportion (3%–7%) across all regional areas. Greater diversity of coloured nonfibrous particles (fragments, films, and foams) in settled regions (i.e., Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and Carcross, Yukon) suggests direct input from local sources. Back trajectory analyses performed for days leading up to sample collection showed high-frequency transport (>10%) from population centres exceeding 200 km distance. Our findings of APs in snow from uninhabited areas support the hypothesis that APs, especially microfibers, undergo long-range atmospheric transport whereby snow can scavenge and deposit APs in remote northern regions.
Cover crop characteristics modulate amount and timing of nitrogen supply of fertilized sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in temperate climate
Authors: Koch Heinz-Josef , Grunwald Dennis , Essich Lisa , Ruser Reiner 
Published: October 2024

For temperate climate, there is little information on the effects cover crops grown in fall (CCs) on the nitrogen (N) supply for next year's sugar beet (SB). Four field trials were conducted on silty soils to establish the CC N effect (Neff) compared to bare fallow separately for the periods sowing-summer and summer-autumn harvest. Biomass characteristics of radish ( Raphanus sativus L.), spring vetch ( Vicia sativa L.), saia oat ( Avena strigosa Schreb.), and winter rye ( Secale cereale L.) CCs before winter, soil mineral nitrogen in spring (SMN), and SB N accumulation and sugar yield (SY) were measured. In the period sowing-summer, characterized by a high SB N demand, Neff of overwintering, high biomass yielding rye CC was negative up to –50 kg N ha−1 at three site/years and varied around zero for the other CCs except vetch, for which Neff was positive. At SB autumn-harvest, Neff was negative up to –100 kg N ha−1 except for vetch in one trial. SY was lowest after rye CC. Regression analyses indicated a negative impact of CC biomass, C:N ratio and the difference in SMN between fallow (high SMN) and CCs (low SMN) on Neff. To conclude, if CCs yield a high amount of biomass surviving until spring and thus remove SMN from the soil which otherwise remains available for SB, early season mineralization of CC biomass N can be too low to ensure a N supply sufficient for maximum SB yield. Choosing leguminous CCs or early termination of CCs might alleviate this constraint.
X-ray science using the ESRF—extremely brilliant source
Authors: Bruno Patrick , Biasci Jean-Claude , Detlefs Carsten , Dimper Rudolf , Krisch Michael , Martínez-Criado Gema , Mezouar Mohamed , Nevo Christian , Qin Qing , Raimondi Pantaleo , Reichert Harald , Sette Francesco , Susini Jean , Tafforeau Paul , Yildirim Can 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS), the first high-energy 4th-generation synchrotron radiation source, constructed at the ESRF and based upon the novel concept of a Hybrid Multi-Bend Achromat (HMBA), has started user operation on August 25th, 2020. We report here on selected recent scientific results exploiting the greatly improved performances of this novel X-ray source.
Mandible Reconstruction With Custom‐Made Plates in Medication‐Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw—A Case Series
Authors: Mitate Eiji , Demura Taichi , Yamauchi Youta , Sawai Yasuhisa , Hasumoto Miho , Wada Satoshi , Nakano Hiroyuki , Demura Noboru 
Published: October 2024

Background: Restoration of the mandibular region after segmental resection surgery is crucial for masticatory function and facial aesthetics. The precision of three‐dimensional printers has advanced in recent years, enabling the development of fully customized reconstruction plates. In recent years, three‐dimensional printing technology has been applied in the field of dental and oral surgery. Among these, the selective laser melting method has been developed. This case report was aimed at exploring the utility in restoring mandibular morphology.Cases: Patients diagnosed with medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Kanazawa Medical University Hospital who underwent mandibular disarticulation and immediate completely customized reconstruction plate (COSMOFIX) were included. Case 1 involved a female in her 70s with MRONJ on the right side of the mandible. Case 2 involved a female who received bisphosphonates for extensive metastatic breast cancer, resulting in MRONJ affecting the bilateral mandible. Case 3 involved a woman who developed MRONJ on the right side of the mandible during alendronate treatment for osteoporosis. Completely customized reconstruction plates were used for reconstruction after segmental resections.Findings: The three patients adapted to the remaining bone. The reconstructed and preoperative mandibular morphologies were similar.Conclusions: In conclusion, the use of completely customized reconstruction plates obviates the need for bending and other adaptations, reduces surgical time, and improves postoperative aesthetics. Of significance, preparing completely customized reconstruction plate requires about 3 weeks; thus, careful case selection and scheduling are indispensable.
Single-Cell Meta-Analysis Uncovers the Pancreatic Endothelial Cell Transcriptomic Signature and Reveals a Key Role for NKX2-3 in PLVAP Expression
Authors: Khan Safwat T. , Ahuja Neha , Taïb Sonia , Vohra Shabana , Cleaver Ondine , Nunes Sara S. 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
The pancreatic vasculature displays tissue-specific physiological and functional adaptations that support rapid insulin response by β-cells. However, the digestive enzymes have made it difficult to characterize pancreatic endothelial cells (ECs), resulting in the poor understanding of pancreatic EC specialization.

METHODS:
Available single-nuclei/single-cell RNA-sequencing data sets were mined to identify pancreatic EC-enriched signature genes and to develop an integrated atlas of human pancreatic ECs. We validated the findings using independent single-nuclei/single-cell RNA-sequencing data, bulk RNA-sequencing data of isolated ECs, spatial transcriptomics data, immunofluorescence, and RNAScope of selected markers. The NK2 homeobox 3 (NKX2-3) TF (transcription factor) was expressed in HUVECs via gene transfection, and the expression of pancreatic EC-enriched signature genes was assessed via RT-qPCR.

RESULTS:
We defined a pancreatic EC-enriched gene signature conserved across species and developmental stages that included genes involved in ECM (extracellular matrix) composition (COL15A1 and COL4A1), permeability and barrier function (PLVAP, EHD4, CAVIN3, HSPG2, ROBO4, HEG1, and CLEC14A), and key signaling pathways (S1P [sphingosine-1-phosphate], TGF-β [transforming growth factor-β], RHO/RAC GTPase [guanosine triphosphatase], PI3K/AKT [phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B], and PDGF [platelet-derived growth factor]). The integrated atlas revealed the vascular hierarchy within the pancreas. We identified and validated a specialized islet capillary subpopulation characterized by genes involved in permeability (PLVAP and EHD4), immune-modulation (FABP5, HLA-C, and B2M), ECM composition (SPARC and SPARCL1), IGF (insulin-like growth factor) signaling (IGFBP7), and membrane transport (SLCO2A1, SLC2A3, and CD320). Importantly, we identified NKX2-3 as a key TF enriched in pancreatic ECs. DNA-binding motif analysis found NKX2-3 motifs in ≈40% of the signature genes. Induction of NKX2-3 in HUVECs promoted the expression of the islet capillary EC-enriched genes PLVAP and SPARCL1.

CONCLUSIONS:

We defined a validated transcriptomic signature of pancreatic ECs and uncovered their intratissue transcriptomic heterogeneity. We showed that NKX2-3 acts upstream of PLVAP and provided a single-cell online resource that can be further explored by the community:
https://vasconcelos.shinyapps.io/pancreatic_endothelial/
.
The Impact of Climate-Related Security Risks on Community Values: Insights from Zambia’s Southern Province
Authors: Tarusarira Joram , Visser-Nieraeth Anja , Kambela Lweendo , Caroli Giulia , Maviza Gracsious 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article explores the impact of climate-related security risks on community values and how that impact influences responses to the risks. Research and practice have paid little attention to how non-material and subjective conditions, especially values, mediate the climate-security nexus. We focused on the impact of land conflicts and food insecurity (as examples of climate-related security risks) on community values through a study of two rural communities in Zambia’s southern province using impact rating, focus-group discussions (FGD s), and interviews. Innovatively, we began by identifying community values and asking about the impact of climate security risks on community values instead of what ‘experts’ perceive or consider to be risks. We found that, firstly, participants from both communities perceived both land conflicts and food insecurity as having a strong to very strong influence on their values. Secondly, women perceive the impact of land conflicts and food insecurity on values to be greater than men do. Thirdly, the perception of the impact of climate-related security risks on values is prevalent among communities in Zambia’s southern province. The article concludes that values are crucial and central determinants in how communities interpret and respond to climate-related security risks, as well as how they engage with food, land, and water systems. It recommends that policymakers and practitioners integrate community values for effective and sustainable climate-related security risk policies and interventions.
Application of Election Technology in Kenya and Tanzania: a Self-Locked Knot?
Authors: Kawishe Emmanuel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The use of election technology has been considered a solution to most of the electoral challenges. The adoption of biometric voter registration and voter identification is meant to solve registration and identification challenges. Consequently, Tanzania and Kenya’s electoral processes are not exception. Despite the digitized registration and identification process on election day, voters are statutorily required to produce identification documents in order to be allowed to vote. While technology was applied in Kenya and Tanzania with the intention of resolving challenges, it turned out to be a self locked knot. This article offers an analytical discussion on the adoption and application of election technology in Kenya and Tanzania with reference to their legal frameworks.
Ruin and Knowledge in Pera: Discovering Istanbul’s Genoese Heritage at the Moment of Its Destruction
Authors: Kentel K. Mehmet 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The 1860s and 1870s saw a massive campaign of reordering of Galata and Pera’s urban space, led by the newly founded district municipality of Altıncı Daire-i Belediye (the Sixth District)—the model municipal organization for the rest of the Ottoman Empire. The most striking and widespread part of this campaign was the destruction of the district’s medieval Genoese walls, dating back to the fourteenth century. The walls and the attached moats were replaced by wider streets and modern apartment buildings, owned mostly by the local elites.
This episode in the history of Istanbul has conventionally been narrated as a careless – albeit necessary—case of urban modernization, often in relation to the similar and roughly contemporary destruction of city walls in European cities. In this article, I rather argue that the destruction of the city walls was actually framed as a project of heritage and knowledge production from the very start. I trace how the history of the Genoese Pera was produced in the popular and scientific circles amidst the destruction of its most important physical manifestation, by concentrating especially on the central role played by the municipal archivist Victor-Marie de Launay. Launay’s later collaborations with Osman Hamdi Bey are relatively well known, but his contributions to the history of the district and an early discourse on urban heritage and archaeology are underappreciated, and, I argue, critical to understanding how the ruins of the district’s past were instrumentalized in making of a space for historical expertise. Launay was a central figure in the emergent antiquarian and archaeological networks in the Ottoman capital in the second half of the nineteenth century, the scholarly output produced in these circles had a lingering effect on the modern history-writing of Pera that has conventionally underlined its “European” heritage at the expense of its Ottoman past.
The Belt and Road Initiative and Sustainability: a Driving Force for Change or a Missed Opportunity?
Authors: Nurgozhayeva Roza 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The growing number of developing and emerging economies today challenge the conditionality of Western-based international organisations in which they have little power. China, in particular, has been building on its economic leverage to offer an alternative development model to the world – the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). On 27 November 2023, The Economist published an article with an existential headline, ‘Will China save the planet or destroy it?’ drawing our eyes to the role of China and the BRI in global warming. Given the BRI’s scale and potential impact on the global environment, this role is hard to ignore. Beijing has recently transformed the BRI by introducing a series of policy documents that address sustainability and climate as one of the BRI’s major focuses. The fundamental questions are: (1) to what extent does the BRI as an alternative development model help solve global sustainability risks, and particularly climate crisis? and (2) what limitations might erode the BRI’s positive effect on global sustainability and, particularly, climate change? Based on the case study of the BRI projects in Central Asia, this article argues that, despite the initiative’s capacity to drive sustainability globally, it has not brought real change. The reliance on the ‘host country standard’ produces policy inconsistencies, regulatory loopholes, and a lack of accountability from Chinese investors. From the global sustainability perspective, this means that China has not yet transformed the BRI to become a sustainability game-changer to drive the climate agenda globally.
The Function of OPEC in International Climate Change Law: the Route Taken to COP 28 and the Route Ahead
Authors: Turkamani Hojjat S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Since the consumption of fossil fuels is the main source of GHGs emissions and consequently climate change, the approach of OPEC to climate change is very important. The recent position of OPEC regarding the proposal to phasing out fossil fuels at COP 28 in 2023 showed how significant its approach can be in the evolution process of this regime. The question is what function OPEC has had and should have in the evolution of the climate change law. The results of this research show that in the first encounter of OPEC with the issue, due to the inherent conflict of the economic interests of member states with the goals of the climate change regime, it adopted an obstructive approach. But gradually, due to the global acceptance of the regime and comprehensive consensus regarding the scientific certainty of the threats of climate change, OPEC, reluctantly and inevitably, adjusted its former opposite position to some extent through its active participation in climate negotiations. However, in light of the increasing trend of GHGs emissions by the member states, which indicates the inability of OPEC to align the practice of its members with the goals of climate change, and the recent strong position of OPEC regarding the elimination of fossil fuels in COP 28, concerns have been raised about the future function of OPEC in the climate change legal regime. To play a constructive role in the future and use the available opportunities to reduce the climate change damage to the interests of the member countries over the long term, it should adopt initiatives such as functional changes and integration of climate issues into its strategies and projects in member states to be a supportive partner in the fight against climate change.