bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Social Support in Concussion Rehabilitation: A Prospective Mixed Methods Study of Canadian University Athletes’ Return to Sport
Authors: Jewell Carley B. , Caron Jeffrey G. , Pope J. Paige , Rathwell Scott 
Published: October 2024

Context: Social support is an important consideration during athletes’ rehabilitation following a concussion. Yet, its influence during the return-to-sport (RTS) strategy has been underexplored. Design: Concussed athletes’ experiences with social support during RTS were explored prospectively using an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. Methods: University rugby, basketball, and track and field athletes (N = 8) from a single Canadian institution, 19–23 years of age (mean = 20.63, SD = 1.51), completed concentric circles maps, the Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire, and 2 semistructured interviews during their RTS. We analyzed concentric circles maps and questionnaire data descriptively and interview data using codebook thematic analysis. Results: Athletes identified 16 different social support agents. The 5 most important agents during RTS were athletic therapists, student therapists, head coaches, significant others, and teammates/friends. Significant others provided the most emotional (mean = 2.82, SD = 1.85) and esteem (mean = 2.63, SD = 1.85) support, and the athletic therapist (mean = 1.82, SD = 1.35) and head coaches (mean = 0.93, SD = 1.19) provided the most informational and tangible support. We generated 4 themes from athletes’ interviews: social support behaviors, contextual factors, concussion and RTS factors, and psychological readiness factors. Conclusions: The number of social support agents present, frequency of support types, and demonstration of support behaviors decreased across the concussion RTS strategy. Contextual (ie, toughness), concussion (ie, visibility), and RTS (ie, prognosis uncertainty) factors influenced athletes’ perceptions of social support agents’ support behaviors. Results add to our limited understanding of athletes’ social support during RTS following a concussion and suggest exploring the integration of behavior-specific (eg, checking in, providing reassurance, and demonstrating compassion) social support strategies to promote concussion rehabilitation and readiness to RTS.
Longitudinal OCTA vessel density loss in macula and optic nerve head in healthy, glaucoma suspect and established glaucoma eyes
Authors: Wu Jo-Hsuan , Moghimi Sasan , Nishida Takashi , Adelpour Mohsen , Kamalipour Alireza , Gunasegaran Gopikasree , Zangwill Linda M , Weinreb Robert N 
Published: October 2024

Background/aimsTo examine longitudinal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) changes in macula and optic nerve head (ONH) in healthy, glaucoma suspect (GS) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes.MethodsHealthy, GS and POAG eyes from Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study with ≥2 years follow-up and four visits of macular/ONH OCTA imaging were included. Rates of macular wiVD (whole-image vessel density) and ONH wiCD (whole-image capillary density) changes were calculated for each diagnosis group using join mixed-effect modelling. Differences in wiVD/wiCD change rates across diagnoses were examined through pairwise comparison. Relationships of baseline 24-2 visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD) with wiVD/wiCD change rates were evaluated for POAG eyes.ResultsThere were 36, 57 and 79 eyes (25, 38 and 50 subjects) in healthy, GS and POAG groups, respectively. Rates of wiVD (range:−0.72 to −0.92 %/year) and wiCD (range:−0.28 to −0.66 %/year) loss were different from zero in all groups (p<0.05). The rates of wiCD loss differed across all diagnosis groups (p<0.001), while wiVD change rates did not increase when comparing healthy to GS eyes (p=0.167). Baseline VF MD showed a significant but modest correlation with the rates of both wiVD and wiCD loss (p<0.05), and the correlation with wiCD change rate was slightly stronger (R2=0.27 vs 0.16).ConclusionsIn glaucoma, there is earlier microvasculature loss in the ONH than in the macula. Moreover, ONH VD loss shows a slightly stronger association with baseline VF than macular VD. Observing ONH VD loss with OCTA may help to monitor early glaucoma, which should be confirmed by future larger studies.
Participation, barriers, facilitators and bullying experiences of trans people in sport and fitness: findings from a national community survey of trans people in Australia
Authors: Bailey Sasha , Trevitt Benjamin , Zwickl Sav , Newell Beau , Staples Emma , Storr Ryan , Cheung Ada S 
Published: October 2024

Objectives
This study aimed to assess participation rates of transgender and gender diverse (trans) people in sport/fitness activities, compare mental health outcomes for trans people participating in sport/fitness with those who do not and explore internal/external barriers and bullying experiences faced by trans people in sport/fitness contexts.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey open to trans people aged ≥16 years living in Australia was conducted between February and April 2023 and it assessed rates of sport/fitness participation, barriers to participation and bullying experiences through multiple-choice questions. Mental health measures comprised the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and self-reported history of self-harm and suicidality. Covariate-adjusted binary logistic regression models tested associations between interpersonal factors, sport/fitness variables and mental health outcomes.

Results
Of 664 respondents (median age 32 years), around one-third (32.8%) regularly participated in sport/fitness. Common internal barriers to participation included anxiety about others’ reactions (63.9%), body dissatisfaction/dysphoria (56.5%) and fears about feeling accepted/affirmed by others (54.7%). Respondents commonly reported experiencing inadequate bathroom/changing facilities (44.4%), exclusionary rules and regulations surrounding gender (36.7%), and invasive or uncomfortable policies or procedures (23.3%). Over one-third (34.4%) of trans people had experienced gender-based bullying or exclusion. Regular sport/fitness participation was associated with significantly lower K10 scores (mean difference=−4.4, 95% CI−5.8, –2.9, p<0.001) and a 40% reduction in odds of recent thoughts of self-harm and suicide (aOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5, 0.9, p=0.01; aOR 0.6, 95%CI 0.4, 0.9, p=0.02).

Conclusion
Trans people face significant barriers to sport/fitness despite experiencing significant mental health and personal benefits from participation. Affirming and including trans people in sport and fitness should be a key priority for sport and fitness federations, organisations and policy-makers.
Malnutrition in infants aged 6-23 months in China’s poorest rural counties from 2016 to 2021: cross sectional study
Authors: Huo Junsheng , Huang Yangmu , Sun Jing , Huang Jian , Dong Jingya , Sun Yinuo , Feng Xing Lin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives

To assess trends and differences in child malnutrition by population subgroups among infants aged 6-23 months in China’s poorest rural counties.

Design

Six consecutive cross sectional surveys were conducted annually.

Setting

The study was conducted in 116 counties in 19 provinces from 2016 to 2021, representing China’s 832 poorest counties.

Participants

A total of 210 088 participants were selected through a multistage cluster sampling procedure; all participants were infants aged 6-23 months.

Main outcome measures

Prevalence of anaemia, stunting, wasting, overweight, and growth status in children (measured by length-for-age and weight-for-length z scores).

Results

Four main malnutrition forms were prevalent in 2016: anaemia (prevalence 18.3%), stunting (7.5%), wasting (4.7%), and overweight (3.1%). The prevalence of any two coexisting malnutrition forms was low. All four forms of malnutrition decreased from 2016 to 2021. Anaemia decreased by more than half, with an annual reduction rate of 9.11% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.83% to 13.20%). Stunting was reduced by over a third, with an annual reduction rate of 10.44% (7.56% to 13.22%), which is faster than the World Health Organization’s target of 3.9%. Differences in child growth by county gross domestic product quarters were small and decreased over time, but growth differences related to education persisted. Infants whose mothers completed education up to primary school level had approximately twice the risk of stunting (adjusted rate ratio 2.29 (95% CI 1.87 to 2.81)) and wasting (1.73 (1.40 to 2.13)) compared with children whose mothers had an education level of a college degree or above. Boys had poorer growth and higher anaemia than did girls. For all outcomes, differences related to sex and education were greatest at 6 months of age.

Conclusions

Education related inequalities in growth of infants persists, with these differences particularly affecting children whose mothers completed education only up to primary school level.
Development and validation of a prognostic model to predict relapse in adults with remitted depression in primary care: secondary analysis of pooled individual participant data from multiple studies
Authors: Moriarty Andrew S , Paton Lewis W , Snell Kym I E , Archer Lucinda , Riley Richard D , Buckman Joshua E J , Chew Graham Carolyn A , Gilbody Simon , Ali Shehzad , Pilling Stephen , Meader Nick , Phillips Bob , Coventry Peter A , Delgadillo Jaime , Richards David A , Salisbury Chris , McMillan Dean 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundRelapse of depression is common and contributes to the overall associated morbidity and burden. We lack evidence-based tools to estimate an individual’s risk of relapse after treatment in primary care, which may help us more effectively target relapse prevention.ObjectiveThe objective was to develop and validate a prognostic model to predict risk of relapse of depression in primary care.MethodsMultilevel logistic regression models were developed, using individual participant data from seven primary care-based studies (n=1244), to predict relapse of depression. The model was internally validated using bootstrapping, and generalisability was explored using internal–external cross-validation.FindingsResidual depressive symptoms (OR: 1.13 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.20), p<0.001) and baseline depression severity (OR: 1.07 (1.04 to 1.11), p<0.001) were associated with relapse. The validated model had low discrimination (C-statistic 0.60 (0.55–0.65)) and miscalibration concerns (calibration slope 0.81 (0.31–1.31)). On secondary analysis, being in a relationship was associated with reduced risk of relapse (OR: 0.43 (0.28–0.67), p<0.001); this remained statistically significant after correction for multiple significance testing.ConclusionsWe could not predict risk of depression relapse with sufficient accuracy in primary care data, using routinely recorded measures. Relationship status warrants further research to explore its role as a prognostic factor for relapse.Clinical implicationsUntil we can accurately stratify patients according to risk of relapse, a universal approach to relapse prevention may be most beneficial, either during acute-phase treatment or post remission. Where possible, this could be guided by the presence or absence of known prognostic factors (eg, residual depressive symptoms) and targeted towards these.Trial registration numberNCT04666662.
Time dependent black holes and gravitational wave in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet theory with two scalar fields
Authors: Nashed G. G. L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the time dependent black holes in the frame of Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet theory having two scalar fields and investigate the propagation of the gravitational wave (GW). In the reconstructed models, there often appear ghosts, which could be eliminated by imposing some constraints. We investigate the behavior of high-frequency gravitational waves by examining the effects of varying Gauss–Bonnet coupling during their propagation. The speed of propagation changes due to the coupling during the black hole formation process. The propagation speed of gravitational waves differs when they enter the black hole compared to when they exit.
MemoriaNova: Optimizing Memory-Aware Model Inference for Edge Computing
Authors: Zhang Renjun , Zhang Tianming , Cai Zinuo , Li Dongmei , Ma Ruhui , Rajkumar Buyya 
Published: October 2024

In recent years, deploying deep learning models on edge devices has become pervasive, driven by the increasing demand for intelligent edge computing solutions across various industries. From industrial automation to intelligent surveillance and healthcare, edge devices are being leveraged for real-time analytics and decision-making. Existing methods face two challenges when deploying machine learning models on edge devices. The first challenge is handling the execution order of operators with a simple strategy, which can lead to a potential waste of memory resources when dealing with directed acyclic graph structure models. The second challenge is that they usually process operators of a model one by one to optimize the inference latency, which may lead to the optimization problem getting trapped in local optima.
We present MemoriaNova, comprising BTSearch and GenEFlow, to solve these two problems. BTSearch is a graph state backtracking algorithm with efficient pruning and hashing strategies designed to minimize memory overhead during inference and enlarge latency optimization search space. GenEFlow, based on genetic algorithms, integrates latency modeling and memory constraints to optimize distributed inference latency. This innovative approach considers a comprehensive search space for model partitioning, ensuring robust and adaptable solutions. We implement BTSearch and GenEFlow and test them on eleven deep-learning models with different structures and scales. The results show that BTSearch can reach 12% memory optimization compared with the widely used random execution strategy. At the same time, GenEFlow reduces inference latency by 33.9% in distributed systems with four-edge devices.
Effect of Interpersonal Effectiveness Skill Training Intervention on Social Functioning and Communication Competence Among Clients With Depressive Disorder
Authors: Atta Mohamed Hussein Ramadan , Abdelaliem Sally Mohammed Farghaly , Alabdullah Amany Anwar Saeed , Ghazi Ghada Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

Background: Depressive disorders are prevalent mental health conditions that significantly impair individuals’ social functioning and communication competence. These challenges can exacerbate depressive symptoms, creating a vicious cycle that hinders recovery and overall well‐being. Despite the growing recognition of the impact of depressive disorders on social functioning and communication competence, there remains a significant gap in effective interventions addressing these specific areas.Aims: This research aims to investigate the effect of interpersonal effectiveness skill training on social functioning and communication competence among clients with depressive disorder.Design: A quasiexperimental research design.Setting: The research procedure was carried out in the outpatient clinic of Alexandria University Hospital.Subjects: The study group, which included 42 males and 18 females, and the control group had the same number of patients.Tools: After the preliminary assessment of depression, three instruments were used to collect data: a structured interview schedule that gathered sociodemographic and clinical information, the Scale of Communication Competence, and the Social Functioning Scale.Results: The study group showed a positive difference in their social functioning and communication competence score compared with the control group.Implication: The findings of this study have significant implications for the treatment and support of clients with depressive disorder by incorporating structured skill‐building programs into therapeutic regimens for individuals with depressive disorders.Conclusion: IESTI can enhance patients with depression’s ability to communicate competently and function socially.
Oncogenic HRAS Induces Metformin Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer by Promoting Glycolytic Metabolism
Authors: Wu Xingyu , Adame-Garcia Sendi Rafael , Koshizuka Keiichi , Vo Pham Thuy Tien , Hoang Thomas S. , Sato Kuniaki , Izumi Hiroki , Goto Yusuke , Allevato Michael M. , Wood Kris C. , Lippman Scott M. , Gutkind Jorge Silvio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Metformin administration has recently emerged as a candidate strategy for the prevention of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the intricate relationship between genetic alterations in HNSCC and metformin sensitivity is still poorly understood, which prevents the stratification of patients, harboring oral premalignant lesions that may benefit from the chemopreventive activity of metformin. In this study, we investigate the impact of prevalent mutations in HNSCC on response to metformin. Notably, we found that the expression of oncogenic HRAS mutants confers resistance to metformin in isogenic HNSCC cell systems, and that HNSCC cells harboring endogenous HRAS mutations display limited sensitivity to metformin. Remarkably, we found that metformin fails to reduce activation of the mTOR pathway in HRAS oncogene-expressing HNSCC cells in vitro and in vivo, correlating with reduced tumor suppressive activity. Mechanistically, we found that this process depends on the ability of HRAS to enhance glycolytic metabolism, thereby suppressing the requirement for oxidative phosphorylation to maintain the cellular energetic balance. Overall, our study revealed that HNSCC cells with oncogenic HRAS mutations exhibit diminished metformin sensitivity, thus shedding light on a potential mechanism of treatment resistance. This finding may also help explain the limited clinical responses to metformin in cancers with RAS mutations. Ultimately, our study underscores the importance of understanding the impact of the genetic landscape in tailoring precision cancer-preventive approaches in the context of HNSCC and other cancers that are characterized by the presence of a defined premalignant state, and therefore, are amenable to cancer interception strategies.
Prevention Relevance: Our findings highlight the challenges of using metformin for cancer prevention in RAS-mutant cancers, where elevated glycolysis may reduce drug efficacy. This underscores the need to explore metformin’s potential in early, premalignant stages, before metabolic shifts render it less effective.
Dialogues with the Future: AI Socratic Exploration of Christopher Alexander’s 15 Foundational Properties for Life
Authors: Zhu Dan , Friess Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) can provide novel insight into how complex lifeforms will evolve. Investigating the hypothesis that this evolution will follow the 15 fundamental properties listed in Christopher Alexander’s Nature of Order, this art project recruits AI to impersonate Socrates and domain experts to probe refutational and constructive elements as a means of facilitating meaningful discourse. The fictional dialogues and their core outcomes are transferred into AI generative visual representations. The project concludes with a synthesis of the insights gained from the exploration, providing a narrative about the Nature of Order as a vision of augmented wisdom.
On the Text and Interpretation of Accius 306-307 Dangel
Authors: Nelis Basil L.P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article argues that the text of Accius 306-307 Dangel, as transmitted, cannot stand on grammatical grounds. It aims to clarify the use of the word cuiatis, propose an emendation of the text, and suggest a new explanation of the metre of the fragment.
Climate Projection of Tropical Cyclone Lifetime in the Western North Pacific Basin
Authors: Vu The-Anh , Kieu Chanh , Robeson Scott M. , Staten Paul , Kravitz Ben 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, the potential changes in tropical cyclone (TC) lifetime in the western North Pacific basin are examined for different future climates. Using homogeneous 9-km-resolution dynamical downscaling with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, we show that TC-averaged lifetime displays insignificant change under both low and high greenhouse gas concentration scenarios. However, more noticeable changes in the tails of TC lifetime statistics are captured in our downscaling simulations, with more frequent long-lived TCs (lifetime of 8–11 days) and less short-lived TCs (lifetime of 3–5 days). Unlike present-day simulations, it is found that the correlation between TC lifetime and the Niño index is relatively weak and insignificant in all future downscaling simulations, thus offering little explanation for these changes in TC lifetime statistics based on El Niño–Southern Oscillation. More detailed analyses of TC track distribution in the western North Pacific basin reveal, nevertheless, a noticeable shift of TC track patterns toward the end of the twenty-first century. Such a change in TC track climatology results in an overall longer duration of TCs over the open ocean, which is consistent across future scenarios and periods examined in this study. This shift in the TC track pattern is ultimately linked to changes in the western North Pacific subtropical high, which retreats to the south during July and to the east during August–September. The results obtained in this study provide new insights into how large-scale circulations can affect TC lifetime in the western North Pacific basin in warmer climates.

Significance Statement
Using high-resolution dynamical downscaling with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model under low- and high-emission scenarios, this study shows that the basin-averaged tropical cyclone (TC) lifetime in the western North Pacific (WNP) basin has no noticeable change under both warmer climate scenarios, despite an overall increase in TC maximum intensity. However, the tails of the TC lifetime distribution display significant changes, with more long-lived (6–20 days) TCs but less short-lived (3–5 days) TCs in the future. These changes in TC lifetime statistics are caused by the shift of the North Pacific subtropical high, which alters large-scale steering flows and TC track patterns. These results help explain why previous studies on TC lifetime projections have been inconclusive in the WNP basin and provide new insights into how large-scale circulations can modulate TC lifetime in a warmer climate.