bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of psychological and medical treatments for binge-eating disorder (MetaBED): study protocol
Authors: Hilbert Anja , Petroff David , Herpertz Stephan , Kersting Anette , Pietrowsky Reinhard , Tuschen-Caffier Brunna , Vocks Silja , Schmidt Ricarda 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionBinge-eating disorder (BED) was included as its own diagnostic entity in the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). An increasing number of treatment studies have been published, but an up-to-date comprehensive meta-analysis on diverse treatment approaches for BED is lacking. In an updated and extension of a previous meta-analysis, the goals of this study are to assess the short-term and long-term effectiveness of psychological and medical treatments for BED.Methods and analysisWe will search bibliographic databases and study registries, including manual searches for studies published before January 2016. The search strategy will include terms relating to binge eating and diverse forms of psychological and medical interventions. Language will be restricted to English. The studies included will be treatment studies, that is, randomised-controlled trials, and non-randomised and non-controlled studies, for individuals with BED (DSM-IV or DSM-5), and studies that provided a pre-treatment and at least one post-treatment or follow-up assessment of binge eating. The primary outcomes will be the number of binge-eating episodes, abstinence from binge eating and diagnosis of BED at post-treatment and/or follow-up(s), and changes from pre-treatment to post-treatment and/or follow-up(s). Likewise, as secondary outcomes, eating disorder and general psychopathology, quality of life, and body weight will be analysed and adverse events and treatment drop-out will be examined. Study search, selection and data extraction, including risk of bias assessment, will be independently performed by 2 reviewers and consensus will be sought. Moderator analyses will be conducted, and equity aspects will be considered. Sensitivity analyses will be conducted to determine the robustness of the results.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this meta-analysis. Published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated electronically and in print, this meta-analysis will form the basis of the renewal of the German evidence-based S3 Guidelines of Diagnosis and Treatment of Eating Disorders, specifically BED.Trial registration numberCRD42016043604.
Incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus with HIV infection in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Prioreschi A , Munthali R J , Soepnel L , Goldstein J A , Micklesfield L K , Aronoff D M , Norris S A 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesThis systematic review aims to investigate the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with HIV infection in African populations.SettingOnly studies reporting data from Africa were included.ParticipantsA systematic search was conducted using four databases for articles referring to HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy, and T2DM in Africa. Articles were excluded if they reported data on children, animals or type 1 diabetes exclusively.Main outcome measuresIncidence of T2DM and prevalence of T2DM. Risk ratios were generated for pooled data using random effects models. Bias was assessed using an adapted Cochrane Collaboration bias assessment tool.ResultsOf 1056 references that were screened, only 20 were selected for inclusion. Seven reported the incidence of T2DM in patients with HIV infection, eight reported the prevalence of T2DM in HIV-infected versus uninfected individuals and five reported prevalence of T2DM in HIV-treated versus untreated patients. Incidence rates ranged from 4 to 59 per 1000 person years. Meta-analysis showed no significant differences between T2DM prevalence in HIV-infected individuals versus uninfected individuals (risk ratio (RR) =1.61, 95% CI 0.62 to 4.21, p=0.33), or between HIV-treated patients versus untreated patients (RR=1.38, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.87, p=0.39), and heterogeneity was high in both meta-analyses (I2=87% and 52%, respectively).ConclusionsMeta-analysis showed no association between T2DM prevalence and HIV infection or antiretroviral therapy; however, these results are limited by the high heterogeneity of the included studies and moderate-to-high risk of bias, as well as, the small number of studies included. There is a need for well-designed prospective longitudinal studies with larger population sizes to better assess incidence and prevalence of T2DM in African patients with HIV. Furthermore, screening for T2DM using gold standard methods in this population is necessary.Trial registration numberPROSPERO42016038689.
The incidence of delirium after cardiac surgery in the elderly: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liao Yulin , Flaherty Joseph H , Yue Jirong , Wang Yanyan , Deng Chuanyao , Chen Ling 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionDelirium is one of the most common complications after cardiac surgery in the elderly. Future studies aimed at preventing postoperative delirium will need an accurate estimate of incidence. However, there are no available systematic reviews on the incidence, and reports of incidence of postoperative delirium after a cardiac operation vary widely with significant heterogeneity. Therefore, we aim to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the most accurate incidence possible of postoperative delirium in individuals aged >65 years after cardiac surgery.Methods and analysesWe will undertake a comprehensive literature search among PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and CINAHL, from their inception to January 2017. Prospective cohort and cross sectional studies that described the incidence of delirium will be eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome will be the incidence of delirium. Risk of bias and methodological quality for the included studies will be assessed using a risk of bias tool for prevalence studies and the Cochrane guidelines. Heterogeneity of the estimates across studies will be assessed. Incidence data will be pooled by selective or emergency surgery. This systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).Ethics and disseminationThis proposed systematic review and meta-analysis is based on published data, and thus there is no requirement for ethics approval. The study will provide an up to date and accurate incidence of postoperative delirium among the older population after cardiac surgery, which is necessary for future research in this area. The findings of this study will be presented at conferences and disseminated through publication in a peer reviewed journal.Trial registration numberCRD42016047773.
State of reporting of primary biomedical research: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Li Guowei , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Samaan Zainab , Jin Yanling , Nwosu Ikunna , Levine Mitchell A H , Adachi Jonathan D , Thabane Lehana 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionIncomplete or inconsistent reporting remains a major concern in the biomedical literature. Incomplete or inconsistent reporting may yield the published findings unreliable, irreproducible or sometimes misleading. In this study based on evidence from systematic reviews and surveys that have evaluated the reporting issues in primary biomedical studies, we aim to conduct a scoping review with focuses on (1) the state-of-the-art extent of adherence to the emerging reporting guidelines in primary biomedical research, (2) the inconsistency between protocols or registrations and full reports and (3) the disagreement between abstracts and full-text articles.Methods and analysesWe will use a comprehensive search strategy to retrieve all available and eligible systematic reviews and surveys in the literature. We will search the following electronic databases: Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Our outcomes are levels of adherence to reporting guidelines, levels of consistency between protocols or registrations and full reports and the agreement between abstracts and full reports, all of which will be expressed as percentages, quality scores or categorised rating (such as high, medium and low). No pooled analyses will be performed quantitatively given the heterogeneity of the included systematic reviews and surveys. Likewise, factors associated with improved completeness and consistency of reporting will be summarised qualitatively. The quality of the included systematic reviews will be evaluated using AMSTAR (a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews).Ethics and disseminationAll findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and relevant conferences. These results may advance our understanding of the extent of incomplete and inconsistent reporting, factors related to improved completeness and consistency of reporting and potential recommendations for various stakeholders in the biomedical community.
Hospital admissions for respiratory system diseases in adults with intellectual disabilities in Southeast London: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Chang Chin-Kuo , Chen Chih-Yin , Broadbent Mathew , Stewart Robert , O'Hara Jean 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundIntellectual disability (ID) carries a high impact on need for care, health status and premature mortality. Respiratory system diseases contribute a major part of mortality among people with ID, but remain underinvestigated as consequent morbidities.MethodsAnonymised electronic mental health records from the South London and Maudsley Trust (SLaM) were linked to national acute medical care data. Using retrospective cohort and matched case–control study designs, adults with ID receiving SLaM care between 1 January 2008 and 31 March 2013 were identified and compared with local catchment residents for respiratory system disease admissions. Standardised admission ratios (SARs) were first calculated, followed by a comparison of duration of hospitalisation with respiratory system disease between people with ID and age-matched and gender-matched random counterparts modelled using linear regression. Finally, the risk of readmission for respiratory system disease was analysed using the Cox models.ResultsFor the 3138 adults with ID identified in SLaM, the SAR for respiratory system disease admissions was 4.02 (95% CI 3.79 to 4.26). Compared with adults without ID, duration of hospitalisation was significantly longer by 2.34 days (95% CI 0.03 to 4.64) and respiratory system disease readmission was significantly elevated (HR=1.35; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.56) after confounding adjustment.ConclusionsRespiratory system disease admissions in adults with ID are more frequent, of longer duration and have a higher likelihood of recurring. Development and evaluation of potential interventions to the preventable causes of respiratory diseases should be prioritised.
Three-year outcomes after acute kidney injury: results of a prospective parallel group cohort study
Authors: Horne Kerry L , Packington Rebecca , Monaghan John , Reilly Timothy , Selby Nicholas M 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesUsing a prospective study design, we aimed to characterise the effect of acute kidney injury (AKI) on long-term changes in renal function in a general hospital population.ParticipantsHospitalised patients with AKI (exposed) and hospitalised patients without AKI (non-exposed), recruited at 3 months after hospital admission.DesignProspective, matched parallel group cohort study, in which renal function and proteinuria were measured at 3 months, 1 year and 3 years.SettingSingle UK centre.Clinical end pointsClinical end points at 3 years were comparison of the following variables between exposed and non-exposed groups: renal function, prevalence of proteinuria and albuminuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression/development at each time point. CKD progression was defined as a decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of ≥25% associated with a decline in eGFR stage.Results300 exposed and non-exposed patients were successfully matched 1:1 for age and baseline renal function; 70% of the exposed group had AKI stage 1. During follow-up, the AKI group had lower eGFR than non-exposed patients at each time point. At 3 years, the mean eGFR was 60.7±21 mL/min/1.73 m2in the AKI group compared with 68.4±21 mL/min/1.73 m2in the non-exposed group, p=0.003. CKD development or progression at 3 years occurred in 30 (24.6%) of the AKI group compared with 10 (7.5%) of the non-exposed group, p<0.001. Albuminuria was more common in the AKI group, and increased with AKI severity. Factors independently associated with CKD development/progression after AKI were non-recovery at 90 days, male gender, diabetes and recurrent AKI.ConclusionsAKI is associated with deterioration in renal function to 3 years, even in an unselected population with predominantly AKI stage 1. Non-recovery from AKI is an important factor determining long-term outcome.
Impact of maternal antibodies and infant gut microbiota on the immunogenicity of rotavirus vaccines in African, Indian and European infants: protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sindhu Kuladaipalayam Natarajan C , Cunliffe Nigel , Peak Matthew , Turner Mark , Darby Alistair , Grassly Nicholas , Gordon Melita , Dube Queen , Babji Sudhir , Praharaj Ira , Verghese Valsan , Iturriza-Gómara Miren , Kang Gagandeep 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionGastroenteritis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young children living in resource-poor settings, majority of which is attributed to rotavirus. Rotavirus vaccination can therefore have a significant impact on infant mortality. However, rotavirus vaccine efficacy in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia is significantly lower than in high-income countries. Maternally derived antibodies, infant gut microbiota and concomitant oral polio vaccination have been proposed as potential reasons for poor vaccine performance in low-income settings. The overall aim of this study is to compare the role of maternally derived antibodies and infant gut microbiota in determining immune response to rotavirus vaccine in high-income and low-income settings, using the same vaccine and a similar study protocol.Methods and analysisThe study is an observational cohort in three countries—Malawi, India and UK. Mothers will be enrolled in third trimester of pregnancy and followed up, along with infants after delivery, until the infant completes two doses of oral rotavirus vaccine (along with routine immunisation). The levels of prevaccination maternally derived rotavirus-specific antibodies (IgG) will be correlated with infant seroconversion and antibody titres, 4 weeks after the second dose of rotavirus vaccine. Both within-country and between-country comparisons of gut microbiome will be carried out between children who seroconvert and those who do not. The impact of oral polio vaccine coadministration on rotavirus vaccine response will be studied in Indian infants.Ethics and disseminationEthical approvals have been obtained from Integrated Research Application System (IRAS, NHS ethics) in UK, College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (COMREC) in Malawi and Institutional Review Board (IRB), Christian Medical College, Vellore in India. Participant recruitment and follow-up is ongoing at all three sites. Analysis of data, followed by publication of the results, is expected in 2018.
Phase stability, Debye temperature and hardness of semiconducting manganese tetraboride MnB4: First-principles investigations
Authors: Zhong Ming-Min , Huang Cheng , Tian Chun-Ling 
Published: March 2017

First-principles investigations are employed to provide a fundamental understanding of the structural features, phase stability, mechanical properties, Debye temperature, and hardness of manganese tetraboride. Eight candidate structures of known transition-metal tetraborides are chosen to probe. The calculated lattice parameters, elastic properties, Poisson’s ratio, and [Formula: see text] ratio are derived. It is observed that the monoclinic structure with [Formula: see text] symmetry (MnB4–MnB4) is the most stable in energy. The mechanical and thermodynamic stabilities of seven possible phases are confirmed by the calculated elastic constants and formation enthalpy. Moreover, the analysis on density of states demonstrates semiconducting behavior of MnB4–MnB4 and different metallic behaviors of other phases. The estimated hardness of MnB4–MnB4 is 38.3 GPa, which is in good agreement with experimental value. Furthermore, the relationship between hardness and Debye temperature is investigated and verifies that MnB4–MnB4 is a newly potential semiconducting ultrahard material with high melting point. It provides a new perspective of searching for semiconducting superhard materials to be applied in extreme conditions.
Recent Highlights of Scientific Ballooning in Japan
Authors: Fuke H. 
Published: March 2017

Since 2008, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has carried out annual domestic balloon campaigns from Taiki Aerospace Research Field (TARF). Productive results have been obtained by many projects in academic fields such as atmospheric science, space engineering, cosmic-ray physics, and astronomy. In 2013, an 80,000-m3 balloon made from a 2.8-[Formula: see text]m ultra-thin polyethylene film reached an altitude of 53.7 km, equaling the world record for the altitude of an unmanned balloon. In 2015, JAXA carried out a balloon campaign from Alice Springs in Australia as a precursor of future sustainable overseas activities to compliment the domestic ones at TARF. In this paper, we discuss recent highlights of and future prospects for Japanese scientific ballooning.
A Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide Is Active against Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kurmis Alexis A. , Yang Fei , Welch Timothy R. , Nickols Nicholas G. , Dervan Peter B. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The LREX' prostate cancer model is resistant to the antiandrogen enzalutamide via activation of an alternative nuclear hormone receptor, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which has similar DNA-binding specificity to the androgen receptor (AR). Small molecules that target DNA to interfere with protein–DNA interactions may retain activity against enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancers where ligand-binding domain antagonists are ineffective. We reported previously that a pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) polyamide designed to bind the consensus androgen response element half-site has antitumor activity against hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. In enzalutamide-resistant LREX' cells, Py-Im polyamide interfered with both AR- and GR-driven gene expression, whereas enzalutamide interfered with only that of AR. Genomic analyses indicated immediate interference with the AR transcriptional pathway. Long-term treatment with Py-Im polyamide demonstrated a global decrease in RNA levels consistent with inhibition of transcription. The polyamide was active against two enzalutamide-resistant xenografts with minimal toxicity. Overall, our results identify Py-Im polyamide as a promising therapeutic strategy in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2207–12. ©2017 AACR.
Mitochondrial DNA Integrity Is Maintained by APE1 in Carcinogen-Induced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ballista-Hernández Joan , Martínez-Ferrer Margaly , Vélez Roman , Climent Consuelo , Sánchez-Vázquez Maria M. , Torres Ceidy , Rodríguez-Muñoz Adlin , Ayala-Peña Sylvette , Torres-Ramos Carlos A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChanges in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity have been reported in many cancers; however, the contribution of mtDNA integrity to tumorigenesis is not well understood. We used a transgenic mouse model that is haploinsufficient for the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Apex1+/−) gene, which encodes the base excision repair (BER) enzyme APE1, to determine its role in protecting mtDNA from the effects of azoxymethane (AOM), a carcinogen used to induce colorectal cancer. Repair kinetics of AOM-induced mtDNA damage was evaluated using qPCR after a single AOM dose and a significant induction in mtDNA lesions in colonic crypts from both wild-type (WT) and Apex1+/−animals were observed. However, Apex1+/− mice had slower repair kinetics in addition to decreased mtDNA abundance. Tumors were also induced using multiple AOM doses, and both WT and Apex1+/−animals exhibited significant loss in mtDNA abundance. Surprisingly, no major differences in mtDNA lesions were observed in tumors from WT and Apex1+/− animals, whereas a significant increase in nuclear DNA lesions was detected in tumors from Apex1+/− mice. Finally, tumors from Apex1+/− mice displayed an increased proliferative index and histologic abnormalities. Taken together, these results demonstrate that APE1 is important for preventing changes in mtDNA integrity during AOM-induced colorectal cancer.Implications: AOM, a colorectal cancer carcinogen, generates damage to the mitochondrial genome, and the BER enzyme APE1 is required to maintain its integrity. Mol Cancer Res; 15(7); 831–41. ©2017 AACR.
ATVB Distinguished Scientist Award
Authors: Ley Klaus , Gerdes Norbert , Winkels Holger 
Published: March 2017

Objective—
Immune cells play a critical role in atherosclerosis. Costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and CD28 immunoglobulin superfamilies not only shape T-cell and B-cell responses but also have a major effect on antigen-presenting cells and nonimmune cells.

Approach and Results—
Pharmacological inhibition or activation of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules and genetic deletion demonstrated their involvement in atherosclerosis. This review highlights recent advances in understanding how costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways shape the immune response in atherosclerosis.

Conclusions—
Insights gained from costimulatory and coinhibitory molecule function in atherosclerosis may inform future therapeutic approaches.
CD163 Expression in Neurons After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Liu Ran , Cao Shenglong , Hua Ya , Keep Richard F. , Huang Yining , Xi Guohua 
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose—
CD163, a receptor for hemoglobin, is involved in hemoglobin clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In contrast to microglial/macrophage CD163, neuronal CD163 hemoglobin has not been well studied. This study examined the expression of neuronal CD163 in a pig model of ICH and in vitro rat cortical neurons and the impact of deferoxamine on that expression.

Methods—
There were 2 parts to this study. In the in vivo part, piglets had injection of autologous blood into the right frontal lobe. The time course of CD163 expression and the effect of deferoxamine on the expression of CD163 after ICH were determined in the grey matter. In the in vitro part, the levels of CD163 and neuronal death and the effect of deferoxamine were examined in rat cortical neurons culture treated with hemoglobin.

Results—
CD163-positive cells were found, and the CD163 protein levels were upregulated in the ipsilateral grey matter after ICH. The CD163 levels peaked at days 1 and 3. The CD163-positive cells were colocated with NeuN-positive, heme oxygenase-2–positive, and terminal deoxynucleatidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling–positive cells. Deferoxamine treatment attenuated ICH-induced CD163 upregulation and significantly reduced both brain CD163 and hemoglobin levels at day 3. Treating neuronal cultures with hemoglobin for 24 hours resulted in CD163 upregulation and increased cell death. Deferoxamine significantly attenuated the hemoglobin-induced neuronal death and CD163 upregulation.

Conclusions—
CD163 is expressed in neurons and upregulated after ICH. Deferoxamine reduced ICH-induced CD163 upregulation and brain cell death in vivo and hemoglobin-induced CD163 upregulation and neuronal death in vitro.