bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-performance deep-ultraviolet photodetector based on a single-crystalline ϵ-Ga2O3/Sn-doped In2O3 heterojunction
Authors: Hu Shudong , Liu Ningtao , Li Teng , Han Dongyang , Zhuo Hao , Shao Botao , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Wenrui , Chen Feng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Metastable ϵ-Ga2O3, with its superior physical properties and high substrate compatibility, demonstrates considerable potential in developing heterojunction deep-ultraviolet photodetectors (DUV PDs). Herein, we fabricate a high-performance DUV PD utilizing a single crystalline ϵ-Ga2O3/ Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) heterojunction. Under a reverse bias of 15 V, the device exhibits a high responsivity of 506 A/W, an excellent UV/visible rejection ratio of 6.74 × 104, and a fast fall time of 40 ms while maintaining good performance across a broad illumination range of 90–4100 μW cm−2. Moreover, the device can operate in a self-powered mode at zero bias, further verifying the presence of a depletion region within the ϵ-Ga2O3/ITO heterojunction. Our results demonstrate that ϵ-Ga2O3 is promising for high-quality integration on ITO and application in DUV detection, offering new strategic directions for developing high-performance Ga2O3-based DUV PDs.
Influence of substrate temperature on plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition to improve the surface flashover performance of epoxy resin
Authors: Canhui Liu , Yan Mi , Lei Deng , Yong Chen , Wentao Liu , Yiqin Peng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Epoxy resin composites are widely used as insulating and supporting materials in high-voltage power systems due to their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. However, long-term operation under high-voltage direct current induces surface flashover. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) has been shown to effectively improve the surface insulation properties of epoxy resin. However, the influence of substrate temperature on the film composition, stress, morphology, and surface flashover performance remains unclear. This study uses PECVD to treat epoxy resin, enhancing its surface flashover performance. Tetraethoxysilane is used as the precursor to deposit nano-scale SiO
x
films on the epoxy resin surface. The effects of different substrate temperatures on the surface flashover voltage, physicochemical properties, and mechanical properties of epoxy resin are characterized. The results show that the surface flashover voltage increases and then saturates with increasing substrate temperature, improving by 27.4% at 60 °C compared to untreated samples. The surface roughness of epoxy resin decreases after plasma deposition, while highly oxidized silicon-containing functional groups are introduced. When the substrate temperature increases from 20 °C to 60 °C, the interfacial bonding strength improves by 25.9%. This study provides a simple, efficient, and controllable method to enhance the surface flashover performance of epoxy resin, promoting the application of this technology in engineering practice.
Effects of heavy alkali metals (Rb, Cs) post-deposition treatments on CuInGaSe2 using a spin-coating technique
Authors: Nwakanma Onyekachi , Morales-Acevedo Arturo , Subramaniam Velumani , Ezema Fabian , Sugiyama Mutsumi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study used a controlled environment to explore the post-deposition treatment (PDT) effects on CuInGaSe2 (CIGSe2) semiconducting thin films using a non-vacuum spin-coating technique for doping the CIGSe layers with Cs and Rb. The structural characterization confirmed the successful deposition of chalcopyrite structures with no phases belonging to any alkali metals after the PDT, with crystallite sizes in the range between 40–67 nm, and with a slight change in the x-ray Diffraction peak positions indicating a change from copper-rich to copper-poor phases. The morphological studies confirmed the increase in grain sizes after the PDT. The energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy chemical studies showed that there is a reduction in the copper content after PDT. The topographical studies showed a change in the surface morphology with modifications of the grain parameters. In addition, the electrical characterization showed a significant increase of the effective carrier mobility after the treatments, consistent with the grain size increase observed by both microscopic (scanning electron microscope and AFM) studies. Raman characterization of the CIGSe2 films showed the A1 optical phonon mode of CIGS chalcopyrite structures and peaks at lower frequencies belonging to ordered vacancy compounds (OVCs). The deconvolution of the Raman spectroscopy broad peaks for the CIGSe2 films after their PDT confirmed the formation of alk-InSe2 OVC phases on top of the absorber layer.
Spectroscopic analysis of single and multiphase electrical discharge for clean energy conversion
Authors: Baky Md Abdullah Hil , Wang Kunpeng , Jemison Howard , Staack David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, we examined non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma processes operating under varying conditions using different liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon materials. The light emission from the discharges were analyzed through optical emission spectroscopy to comprehend the products generated in different parameter space. The gaseous products from each of these analyses were also collected and analyzed through gas chromatography. Analysis of the optical emission from the discharge and concentration of the gaseous products show a linear trend between emission intensity ratio H
α
/C2 and gas concentration ratio H2/C2H
x
. Gas temperature and electronic excitation temperature of different experimental conditions were also compared and indicates that spark discharge relates to higher electronic excitation temperature compared to glow discharge of similar medium. Higher electronic excitation temperature leads to generation of different products from spark discharge compared to glow discharge. Glow discharge generates more of the intermediate products. Whereas spark discharge, because of its higher electronic excitation temperature, leads to higher rate of dissociation and therefore generates more of the dissociated products. Glow discharge, for example generates more of OH and H from the moisture present in the carrier gas as impurity, whereas spark discharge would generate more of H
α
and O particles further breaking down the OH bonds. Finally, UV–Vis analysis was performed on the liquid products of the discharge and reveals that the photo-centers and the newly generated soot nano particles absorb the UV range lights and some of the visible range light emission mostly up to ∼600 nm.
Research on gas pipeline leakage identification based on SE-2DCNN with ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating distributed acoustic sensing system
Authors: Luo Zhihui , Yang Yexu , Chen Xiaoan , Ran Changyan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A new method for identifying gas pipeline leaks using an ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system is proposed. To enhance the accuracy of gas leakage detection, an improved convolutional neural network (CNN) incorporating a two-dimensional structure based on the squeeze-and-excitation (SE) attention mechanism was introduced. The principle of acoustic leakage sensing using this technology is explained in detail, and an experimental setup simulating gas pipeline leaks is constructed. During this process, 9340 DAS data points across varying leakage volumes and pipeline pressures were collected to create ten distinct datasets. The Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) are employed as the feature input for the optimized SE-2DCNN model, which performs identification tasks. The results show that this optimized model achieves an average leakage identification accuracy of 95.33%, demonstrating superior performance over other methods. This approach offers a robust reference for accurately detecting gas pipeline leakages.
A dual-stream temporal convolutional network for remaining useful life prediction of rolling bearings
Authors: Zhang Yazhou , Zhao Xiaoqiang , Xu Rongrong , Peng Zhenrui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction plays an indispensable role in the reliable operation and improved maintenance of rolling bearings. Currently, data-driven methods based on deep learning have made significant progress in RUL prediction. However, most of such methods only consider the correlation between channels, ignoring the importance of different time steps for RUL prediction. In addition, it is still challenging to effectively fuse the degradation features of rolling bearings to improve the model RUL prediction performance. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a novel data-driven RUL prediction method named dual-stream temporal convolution network (DSTCN). First, a hybrid attention temporal convolution block (HATCB) is designed to capture the correlation of degraded features on the channel dimension and temporal dimension. Second, a one-dimensional attention fusion module is designed. This module is capable of weight recalibration and assignment to adaptively fuse different degraded features. Afterward, the Hilbert Marginal spectrum is obtained using the Hilbert–Huang Transform and used as the input to one stream. Meanwhile, vibration signals are used as the input of the other stream, thus building a DSTCN to realize RUL prediction. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated with two life-cycle datasets, and the results show that the method has lower prediction error than other methods for RUL prediction and prognostic analysis.
Research on registration method for enface image using multi-feature fusion
Authors: Pan Lingjiao , Cai Zhongwang , Hu Derong , Zhu Weifang , Shi Fei , Tao Weige , Wu Quanyu , Xiao Shuyan , Chen Xinjian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. The purpose of this work is to accurately and quickly register the Optical coherence tomography (OCT) projection (enface) images at adjacent time points, and to solve the problem of interference caused by CNV lesions on the registration features. Approach. In this work, a multi-feature registration strategy was proposed, in which a combined feature (com-feature) containing 3D information, intersection information and SURF feature was designed. Firstly, the coordinates of all feature points were extracted as combined features, and then these feature coordinates were added to the initial vascular coordinate set simplified by the Douglas–Peucker algorithm as the point set for registration. Finally, the coherent point drift registration algorithm was used to register the enface coordinate point sets of adjacent time series. Main results. The newly designed features significantly improve the success rate of global registration of vascular networks in enface images, while the simplification step greatly improves the registration speed on the basis of preserving vascular features. The MSE, DSC and time complexity of the proposed method are 0.07993, 0.9693 and 42.7016 s, respectively. Significance. CNV is a serious retinal disease in ophthalmology. The registration of OCT enface images at adjacent time points can timely monitor the progress of the disease and assist doctors in making diagnoses. The proposed method not only improves the accuracy of OCT enface image registration, but also significantly reduces the time complexity. It has good registration results in clinical routine and provides a more efficient method for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Modeling the oxygen effect in DNA strand break induced by gamma-rays with TOPAS-nBio
Authors: D-Kondo Naoki , Masilela Thongchai A M , Shin Wook-Geun , Faddegon Bruce , LaVerne Jay , Schuemann Jan , Ramos-Mendez Jose 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. To present and validate a method to simulate from first principles the effect of oxygen on radiation-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) using the Monte Carlo Track-structure code TOPAS-nBio. Approach. Two chemical models based on the oxygen fixation hypothesis (OFH) were developed in TOPAS-nBio by considering an oxygen adduct state of DNA and creating a competition kinetic mechanism between oxygen and the radioprotective molecule WR-1065. We named these models ‘simple’ and ‘detailed’ due to the way they handle the hydrogen abstraction pathways. We used the simple model to obtain additional information for the •OH–DNA hydrogen abstraction pathway probability for the detailed model. These models were calibrated and compared with published experimental data of linear and supercoiling fractions obtained with R6K plasmids, suspended in dioxane as a hydroxyl scavenger, and irradiated with 137Cs gamma-rays. The reaction rates for WR-1065 and O2 with DNA were taken from experimental works. Single-Strand Breaks (SSBs) and DSBs as a function of the dose for a range of oxygen concentrations [O2] (0.021%–21%) were obtained. Finally, the hypoxia reduction factor (HRF) was obtained from DSBs. Main Results. Validation results followed the trend of the experimental within 12% for the supercoiled and linear plasmid fractions for both models. The HRF agreed with measurements obtained with 137Cs and 200–280 kVp x-ray within experimental uncertainties. However, the HRF at an oxygen concentration of 2.1% overestimated experimental results by a factor of 1.7 ± 0.1. Increasing the concentration of WR-1065 from 1 mM to 10–100 mM resulted in a HRF difference of 0.01, within the 8% statistical uncertainty between TOPAS-nBio and experimental data. This highlights the possibility of using these chemical models to recreate experimental HRF results. Significance. Results support the OFH as a leading cause of oxygen radio-sensitization effects given a competition between oxygen and chemical DNA repair molecules like WR-1065.
The health status assessment method and practice of emergency diesel generator system in nuclear power plant based on deterioration degree
Authors: Qing Chen , Cheng Bin , Yang Xiaohu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Due to the complexity of the emergency diesel generator (EDG) system in nuclear power plants and the lack of detailed equipment-level health status assessment models, this article introduces a deterioration-based system health status assessment method. Taking the large and complex EDG system as a pilot, the method combines monitoring data and maintenance information of the EDG to achieve dynamic assessment of the health status of the EDG system at the equipment level. This provides guidance for predicting and repairing faults of EDGs in nuclear power plants. Additionally, this method can be extended to other large and complex systems.
Comprehensive monitoring system for high voltage cables based on the ground current signal of the cable metal sheath
Authors: Gan Yusen , Li Wenxin , Chen Guojin , Xie Wei , Xia Xin , Cui Fuxing , Zhang Dongqi , Fang Weixing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper has presented a comprehensive monitoring system for high voltage cables based on the ground current signal of the cable metal sheath. The system can collect and process the power frequency AC current and three high-frequency partial discharge signals in real time synchronously, which realize the synchronous detection of leakage current, relative dielectric loss, harmonic, partial discharge, and improve the integration of the hardware system.
Active damping control based bus voltage resonance suppression in electrolytic capacitorless PMSM application
Authors: Cheng Xin , Yao Lei , Han Ping , Zhou Rougang , Zhu Junjie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The structure of electrolytic capacitorless in automotive electronic applications has the advantages of lower cost and better reliability. However, motor drive systems using this structure may experience unstable bus voltage. To this end, this paper proposes an active damping control strategy based on virtual impedance. By modelling the electric drive system and conducting stability analysis, the cause of bus voltage resonance due to the use of small capacitors is revealed. Based on the extracted DC bus voltage harmonic signal, additional voltage vectors are added in the d-axis and q-axis voltage vectors, eliminating the impedance mismatch problem in the drive system caused by the reduction of bus capacitance, effectively suppressing the voltage oscillation on the machine side of the drive system. Simulation data shows that under the condition of using small-capacity ceramic capacitors, the method proposed in this paper achieves a harmonic suppression capability similar to that of large-capacity electrolytic capacitors, effectively ensuring the application safety of automotive drivers with electrolytic capacitorless architecture.
Energy management method for battery swapping station combining reinforcement learning and mathematical optimization
Authors: Yue Shuaixian , Li Liang , Su Yongxin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles has spurred the expansion of scalable Battery Swapping Station (BSS) to cater to the demand for swift charging. However, the current energy management faces challenges in coping with the fluctuation of charging batteries in scalable BSS, the unpredictability of electricity prices and battery demand, as well as the intricacy of demand response. So, this paper presents a two-layer optimization framework for energy management in scalable BSS. The framework decomposes the power scheduling problem in BSS into two subproblems and solves them with deep reinforcement learning and mathematical optimization. The upper layer uses deep reinforcement learning to schedule the BSS’s total power, while the lower layer uses mathematical optimization to allocate the power to each charging pile. The two layers cooperate to achieve an efficient solution. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce the operating cost of the BSS, satisfy the safety and user’s demand, and facilitate grid demand response, in BSSs of different sizes. The method is an effective solution for power scheduling of scalable BSS.
Simulation analysis and optimization of thermoelectric refrigeration and air conditioning
Authors: Zhang Chunqiang , Chen Mengxue , Ge Chang , Yu Suihuai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Thermoelectric refrigeration technology is mainly through the Peltier effect to achieve refrigeration, thermoelectric refrigeration air conditioning needs to be combined with a certain air flow rate to realize the separation of cold and heat, and make full use of the cold end to realize the refrigeration function, or else the refrigeration efficiency is seriously affected. Based on the ICEPAK simulation platform of ANSYS, we analyze the influence of structure and parameter settings on the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric refrigeration air conditioning fan under the established boundary conditions, establish the relationship between air flow rate and temperature drop value, and put forward the optimization of the product structure design scheme, and the results of the optimization scheme show that there is a peak in the operating current at a certain heat dissipation efficiency; and lengthening the length of the air ducts through the optimization of the structure can enhance the refrigeration effect of the air conditioner.
Temperature characteristics of the two phase mechanically pumped cooling circuit
Authors: Chen Hao , Dai Shugang , Gong Ao , Xie Lei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To meet the cooling requirements of high thermal consumption equipments, the two phase mechanically pumped cooling circuit was designed and fabricated. The refrigerant was driven by a mechanical pump and the heat was transmitted between the evaporator and condenser in this process. Experiments were conducted to analyze the influence of the refrigerant flow velocity and heat flux on the temperature characteristics of the cooling circuit. In addition, the simulation results and experimental results were compared to confirm the reliability of the simulation results. The results showed that the circuit can efficiently cool the heat sources with a heat flux of 250W/cm2. The difference in temperature between the entrance and exit of the evaporator is within 5°C while the refrigerant flow velocity is 0.5L/min, and the velocity needs to be 1.4L/min while water is media.
The design and implementation of a smart greenhouse control system
Authors: Zhou Dengrong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Against the dual backdrop of continuously improving agricultural production levels and the global scarcity of water resources, countries worldwide are actively exploring the topic of water conservation. The development of an intelligent irrigation control system could make a significant contribution to water conservation efforts, while also helping to increase crop yields. This project adopts a modular design approach, utilizing sensors to collect real-time environmental data surrounding the crops. If the data falls outside the predefined optimal range for crop growth, the system automatically initiates irrigation, cooling, and supplemental lighting. The hardware design primarily consists of a data perception module and a control terminal module. After testing, the system runs stably and can accurately obtain information such as soil moisture, light intensity and ambient temperature, and basically realize the digital intelligent control of crop growing environment.
Research on the characteristics of a pneumatic proportional valve
Authors: Huang Yong , Yu Liangyao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The execution of autonomous driving in heavy-duty trucks necessitates stringent regulation of their braking torque output. Hydraulic retarder serves as a widely auxiliary braking system in heavy-duty vehicles, with the pneumatic proportional valve functioning as the core component of its control system, regulating the output response and control precision of the braking torque of the hydraulic retarder. To improve the accuracy of brake torque control for hydraulic retarders, it is critical to conduct thorough research on the control system, especially the pneumatic proportional valve. Therefore, A detailed analysis of the working mechanism of pneumatic proportional valves was conducted, encompassing the construction of mathematical and simulation models. The efficacy of the simulation model was confirmed via experimental validation. When the control pressure increases, the simulation results are close to the experimental results, with a maximum discrepancy of 18%; when the control pressure decreases, the simulation results show a similar trend to the experimental results. The research can aid in formulating control methodologies for pneumatic proportional valves and offer theoretical guidelines for future exploration into boosting the precision of hydraulic retarder braking torque control.
Research on improving the automatic stability of trimming unit
Authors: Zhang Nan , Shi Yiqing , Zhang Hao , Liu Qingsheng , Yao Hongliang , Yuan Chao , Jiang Yinzhen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Due to the influence of temperature and other factors in the forming of forgings, the shape of the forging fringe is often challenging to control and predict, which restricts the operation of forging automation. In this paper, the forging position is detected by the vision means, which is conductive to identify whether the production process is normal or not to avoid the loss caused by the interruption of the production unit. Meanwhile, for the forging temperature changes on visual recognition, the relationship curve between forging temperature and exposure time is determined by statistical method, so that the temperature of the forging regulate the visual camera exposure time to improve the accuracy of visual recognition.