bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superelastic, Macroporous Polystyrene‐Mediated Graphene Aerogels for Active Pressure Sensing
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Lv Lingxiao , Cheng Zhihua , Liang Yuan , Zhou Qinhan , Zhao Yang , Qu Liangti 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) graphene‐based polymer/graphene aerogels with excellent mechanical properties are crucial for broad applications. The creation of such polymer/graphene aerogels remains challenging because of the poor dispersion and compatibility of polymer within the graphene matrix. By using the freezing‐directed assembly of graphene under the assistance of surfactant, 3D macroporous polystyrene/graphene aerogels (MPS‐GAs) with lightweight, superelastivity (80 % strain), high strength (80 kPa), and good electrical properties have been achieved in this study. The as‐prepared MPS‐GAs shows excellent electromechanical performance with stable cyclic resilient properties and sensitive resistance responses, thus making the MPS‐GAs promising candidates for applications in actuators, elastic conductors, strain/pressure sensors, and wearable devices.
Nano/Micro‐Structured Si/C Anodes with High Initial Coulombic Efficiency in Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Quan , Li Jin‐Yi , Yin Ya‐Xia , Kong Yi‐Ming , Guo Yu‐Guo , Wan Li‐Jun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOne of the major challenges for designing high‐capacity anode materials is to combine both Coulombic efficiency and cycling stability. Herein, nano/micro‐structured Si/C composites are designed and synthesized to address this challenge by decreasing the specific surface area and improving the tap density of Si/C materials. An ultrahigh initial Coulombic efficiency of 91.2 % could be achieved due to a proper particle size, low specific surface area, and optimized structure. The nano/micro‐structured Si/C anodes exhibit excellent cycling stability with 96.5 % capacity retention after 100 cycles under a current density of 0.2 A g−1.
Principles of the four‐point thermographic measurement of the surface temperature and emissivity of glossy materials
Authors: Čmiel Filip , Solař Jaroslav , Alexa Petr 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe emissivity and surface temperature of glossy materials are measured in IR thermography by covering the surface with a material with the known emissivity. The quantities can be, however, determined without using materials with the known emissivity. IR radiation is reflected from the measured glossy surface and a thermographer detects such reflection.This paper discusses the measurement of the surface temperature and emissivity of glossy materials which are used in external structures of the buildings – for instance, windows, light external walls or tiles. A four‐point method is proposed for a more accurate determination of the surface temperature and emissivity of glossy materials. Results of successful laboratory and field tests of the method are presented.Prinzipien der Vier‐Punkt‐Thermografie‐Messmethode für die Oberflächentemperatur und den Emissionsgrad glänzender Werkstoffe. Zur Messung des Emissionsgrads und der Oberflächentemperatur glänzender Werkstoffe mit der Infrarot‐Temperaturmessmethode wird die Oberfläche mit einem Material abgedeckt, dessen Emissionsgrad bekannt ist. Die Größen lassen sich jedoch auch ohne Verwendung von Materialien mit bekanntem Emissionsgrad ermitteln. Die glänzende Oberfläche des Messobjekts reflektiert IR‐Strahlung, und eine Wärmebildkamera erfasst die reflektierte Strahlung.Der vorliegende Aufsatz beschreibt die Messung der Oberflächentemperatur und des Emissionsgrads glänzender Werkstoffe für die Außenhaut von Gebäuden, beispielsweise Fenster, Leichtbaufassaden oder Fliesen. Für die präzisere Ermittlung der Oberflächentemperatur und des Emissionsgrads glänzender Werkstoffe wird eine Vier‐Punkt‐Methode vorgeschlagen. Es werden die Ergebnisse erfolgreicher Laborversuche und Feldversuche mit dieser Methode präsentiert.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von großen Nullenergiegebäuden
Authors: Hall Monika , Geissler Achim 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNullenergiegebäude haben üblicher Weise zwei bis vier Stockwerke. Daher interessiert die Frage, ob auch große Gebäude, d. h. Gebäude bis zu 40 Stockwerken, mit langgestrecktem bzw. quadratischem Grundriss genügend Fläche für Photovoltaik zur Verfügung stellen können, so dass eine Nullbilanz für die gesamte Gebäudetechnik (HWLK‐Nullbilanz “Nullwärmeenergiegebäude“) oder den Gesamtenergiebedarf des Gebäudes (GEB‐Nullbilanz “Nullenergiegebäude“) im Jahr erreicht werden kann. Auf der Grundlage von Simulationen anhand von vier Basismodellen, je zwei Mehrfamilienhäuser und Verwaltungsbauten, werden die Auswirkungen verschiedener Parameter auf die Nullbilanz analysiert. Ausgangspunkt ist jeweils eine sehr gute Gebäudehülle, eine Lüftungsanlage mit Wärmerückgewinnung und die Klimastation Bern‐Liebefeld, Schweiz (mittleres Klima).Die Hauptergebnisse können wie folgt zusammengefasst werden:– Die HWLK‐Nullbilanz kann bis auf eine Ausnahme für alle Varianten bis zu 40 Stockwerken erreicht werden.– Um auch bei sehr gut gedämmten Gebäuden eine GEB‐Nullbilanz zu erreichen, sind die vier wichtigsten Parameter– die Effizienz von Geräten und Beleuchtung,– die Art des Wärmeerzeugers,– die tatsächlich verfügbare PV‐Fläche– sowie der effektive Systemwirkungsgrad der gesamten PV‐Installation.Die untersuchten Varianten zeigen, dass schon heute große Mehrfamilienhäuser und Verwaltungsbauten trotz Verschattung nicht nur als Nullwärmeenergiegebäude bis zu 40 Stockwerken realisiert werden können, sondern sogar als Nullenergiegebäude. Dabei muss das Augenmerk bei der Planung auf einem geringen Bedarf für Geräte und Beleuchtung und einem hohen PV‐Ertrag liegen. Dies gilt insbesondere für Verwaltungsbauten.The feasibility of large net zero energy buildings. A typical net zero energy buildings has two up to four stories. The question appears if large buildings of up to 40 levels could achieve a net zero balance for HVAC only and/or achieving net zero energy building status. The analysis is based on the simulation of two multifamily dwellings and two office buildings, one each with a square and a stretched footprint. The four basic models are well insulated, equipped with a mechanical ventilation system including heat recovery and allocated with the climate of Bern‐Liebefeld (average climate). A wide range of parameters is investigated in regard to their impact on the zero energy balance.The main results can be summarized as follows:– The net zero balance for HVAC only can be achieved for up to 40 levels for all variants studied but one– The four main parameters in regard to achieving a net zero energy balance are– efficient electric devices and lighting,– the type of heating system,– the actually available area for PV and– the overall efficiency of the PV‐system.The results show that a net zero balance can be achieved for large multifamily dwellings and office build‐ings of up to 40 levels. To this end, however, electronic devices, lighting and PV systems with a very high efficiency are necessary. This is true particularly for office buildings.
Modellierung von Unschärfe in Ökobilanzen von Bauwerken
Authors: Ströbele Benjamin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie ökologische Dimension der Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von Bauwerken umfasst verschiedene Umweltproblemfelder. Ein Ansatz ist die Beschreibung und Bewertung der Ressourceninanspruchnahme und von unerwünschten Wirkungen auf die Umwelt auf Basis einer Analyse lebenszyklusbezogener Energie‐ und Stoffströme. Mit der Ökobilanz besteht eine entsprechende methodische Grundlage zur Quantifizierung der Umweltwirkungen. Diese Methode kann bereits in der Entwurfsphase von Bauwerken eingesetzt werden. In frühen Phasen der Planung besteht jedoch eine unsichere Datengrundlage in vielerlei Hinsicht. Es werden unterschiedliche Formen der Unschärfe in Ökobilanzen von Bauwerken dargestellt und das Problem einer fehlenden Einbeziehung in Ökobilanzen aufgegriffen. Als ein möglicher Lösungsansatz wird die Integration von Fuzzy‐Sets für die Ökobilanzierung von Bauwerken vorgestellt.Modeling of fuzziness in life cycle assessment LCA of buildings. The environmental dimension of sustainability assessment of buildings covers several environmental problem areas. One approach is the description and assessment of resources consumption and of adverse effects on the environment based on an analysis of lifecycle‐related energy and material flows. LCA is an appropriate methodological basis for quantifying the environmental effects. This method can be used in the design phase of buildings already. In early stages of planning, however, the database is uncertain in many respects. Various forms of fuzziness in LCA of buildings will be outlined and the problem of lacking involvement in LCA will be addressed. As a possible solution, integration of fuzzy sets into the lifecycle assessment of buildings will be presented.
Bioluminescence‐based assays for assessing eco‐ and genotoxicity of airborne emissions
Authors: Kováts Nora , Horváth Eszter 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEcotoxicological tests (or bioassays) are controlled, reproducible tests where ecological responses are determined quantitatively. Due to numerous difficulties arising when airborne emissions are sampled, relatively few ecotoxicological assays have been applied. Aerosol particles are generally collected on a filter, which limits the quantity of the sample, thus also limiting the range of available test organisms. Bacterial bioassays require low sample quantity, and make a good choice when eco‐ or genotoxicity of the sample are to be determined. Of bacterial assays, the bioluminescence inhibition test has been proven applicable for assessing toxicity of airborne contaminants. In this paper diverse test protocols and their modifications are reviewed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expanding the modular ester fermentative pathways for combinatorial biosynthesis of esters from volatile organic acids
Authors: Layton Donovan S. , Trinh Cong T. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTVolatile organic acids are byproducts of fermentative metabolism, for example, anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass or organic wastes, and are often times undesired inhibiting cell growth and reducing directed formation of the desired products. Here, we devised a general framework for upgrading these volatile organic acids to high‐value esters that can be used as flavors, fragrances, solvents, and biofuels. This framework employs the acid‐to‐ester modules, consisting of an AAT (alcohol acyltransferase) plus ACT (acyl CoA transferase) submodule and an alcohol submodule, for co‐fermentation of sugars and organic acids to acyl CoAs and alcohols to form a combinatorial library of esters. By assembling these modules with the engineered Escherichia coli modular chassis cell, we developed microbial manufacturing platforms to perform the following functions: (i) rapid in vivo screening of novel AATs for their catalytic activities; (ii) expanding combinatorial biosynthesis of unique fermentative esters; and (iii) upgrading volatile organic acids to esters using single or mixed cell cultures. To demonstrate this framework, we screened for a set of five unique and divergent AATs from multiple species, and were able to determine their novel activities as well as produce a library of 12 out of the 13 expected esters from co‐fermentation of sugars and (C2‐C6) volatile organic acids. We envision the developed framework to be valuable for in vivo characterization of a repertoire of not‐well‐characterized natural AATs, expanding the combinatorial biosynthesis of fermentative esters, and upgrading volatile organic acids to high‐value esters. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1764–1776. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytokine‐dependent activation of JAK‐STAT pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Yoshimoto Nobuo , Ikeda Yuko , Tatematsu Kenji , Iijima Masumi , Nakai Tadashi , Okajima Toshihide , Tanizawa Katsuyuki , Kuroda Shun'ichi 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTProtein phosphorylation is an important post‐translational modification for intracellular signaling molecules, mostly found in serine and threonine residues. Tyrosine phosphorylations are very few events (less than 0.1% to phosphorylated serine/threonine residues), but capable of governing cell fate decisions involved in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and oncogenic transformation. Hence, it is important for drug discovery and system biology to measure the intracellular level of phosphotyrosine. Although mammalian cells have been conventionally utilized for this purpose, accurate determination of phosphotyrosine level often suffers from high background due to the unexpected crosstalk among endogenous signaling molecules. This situation led us firstly to establish the ligand‐induced activation of homomeric receptor tyrosine kinase (i.e., epidermal growth factor receptor) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a lower eukaryote possessing organelles similar to higher eukaryote but not showing substantial level of tyrosine kinase activity. In this study, we expressed heteromeric receptor tyrosine kinase (i.e., a complex of interleukin‐5 receptor (IL5R) α chain, common β chain, and JAK2 tyrosine kinase) in yeast. When coexpressed with a cell wall‐anchored form of IL5, the yeast exerted the autophosphorylation of JAK2, followed by the phosphorylation of transcription factor STAT5a and subsequent nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated STAT5a. Taken together, yeast could be an ideal host for sensitive detection of phosphotyrosine generated by a wide variety of tyrosine kinases. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1796–1804. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The cost of cancer: a retrospective analysis of the financial impact of cancer on young adults
Authors: Landwehr Michelle S. , Watson Samantha E. , Macpherson Catherine F. , Novak Katherine A. , Johnson Rebecca H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractYoung adult cancer survivors (YAs) are confronted with immense financial challenges in the wake of their treatment. Medical bills and loss of savings may cause YAs to forgo recommended medications or follow‐up appointments. Young survivors with financial concerns also report depression, stress and anxiety. The Samfund is a national nonprofit organization that provides financial support to YAs post‐treatment. To quantify the financial burden of cancer in YAs, a retrospective analysis was performed of data collected from Samfund grant applications of 334 YA cancer survivors. Grants were awarded between 2007 and 2013 and grant recipients were consented electronically in 2014 for retrospective data analysis. Recipients ranged from 19 to 39 years of age at the time of their grant applications. Descriptive statistics were calculated and compared to the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) and U.S. census data on age‐matched peers. Financial indicators of YA cancer survivors are worse in many domains than those of age‐matched controls. Furthermore, YA survivors in their 30s report more perilous prefunding financial situations than younger grant recipients. Cancer has a devastating and age‐specific impact on the finances of YAs. Philanthropic grants from the cancer support community, in conjunction with healthcare policy reforms, have the potential to break the cycle of financial need and help YAs move forward with their lives after cancer treatment.
Identifying the Minimal Enzymes for Unusual Carbon–Sulfur Bond Formation in Thienodolin Biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Yaya , Wang Jiali , Yu Shuqi , Wang Fan , Ma Hongmin , Yue Changwu , Liu Minghao , Deng Zixin , Huang Ying , Qu Xudong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThienodolin (THN) features a tricyclic indole‐S‐hetero scaffold that encompasses two unique carbon–sulfur bonds. Although its biosynthetic gene cluster has been recently identified in Streptomyces albogriseolus, the essential enzymes for the formation of C−S bonds have been relatively unexplored. Here, we isolated and characterized a new biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.172. Heterologous expression, systematic gene inactivation, and in vitro biochemical characterization enable us to determine the minimum set of genes for THN synthesis, and an aminotransferase (ThnJ) for catalyzing the downstream conversion of tryptophan chlorination. In addition, we evaluated (and mainly excluded) a previously assumed pivotal intermediate by feeding experiments. With these results, we narrowed down four enzymes (ThnC–F) that are responsible for the two unprecedented C−S bond formations. Our study provides a solid basis for further unraveling of the unique C−S mechanisms.
One‐Step Derivatization of Reducing Oligosaccharides for Rapid and Live‐Cell‐Compatible Chelation‐Assisted CuAAC Conjugation
Authors: Machida Takuya , Winssinger Nicolas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe report a new reagent for the functionalization of unprotected oligosaccharides with a picolyl azide group at the anomeric position for chelation‐assisted copper‐catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) glycoconjugation. We show that oligosaccharides functionalized with this moiety react with an apparent second‐order rate constant of 193 m−1 s−1 and can be used to functionalize biomolecules bearing alkyne moieties introduced through metabolic labeling, including in live cells.
Systemic mastocytosis presenting as cardiac tamponade with CD25+ pericardial mast cells
Authors: Sukrithan Vineeth K. , Salamon Jason N. , Berulava Giorgi , Sibinga Nicholas E. , Verma Amit 
Published: February 2016

Key Clinical MessageIn this first‐in‐literature case, we describe a patient with Systemic mastocytosis presenting with life‐threatening cardiac tamponade associated with the presence of aberrant mast cells in the pericardium. Procedures involving surgical incisions through the pericardium in such cases can lead to uncontrolled mast cell degranulation leading to circulatory collapse.
Transient monosomy 7 in a chronic myelogenous leukemia patient during nilotinib therapy: a case report
Authors: Jawad Majd D. , Go Ronald S. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Begna Kebede H. , Reichard Kaaren K. , Shi Min 
Published: February 2016

Key Clinical MessageTyrosine kinase inhibitor treated chronic myelogenous leukemia patients with monosomy 7 arising in Philadelphia chromosome negative (Ph−) cells tend to evolve into MDS/AML. However, monosomy 7 in Ph− cells can be a transient finding, and it is not an absolute indication of the emergence of a new myeloid malignancy.
Instability of Zinc Hexacyanoferrate Electrode in an Aqueous Environment: Redox‐Induced Phase Transition, Compound Dissolution, and Inhibition
Authors: Ni Gang , Han Bo , Li Qiyang , Ji Zhuan , Huang Bo , Zhou Chenggang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe structural stability of electrode materials and their compatibility with electrolytes are the important properties for ion‐intercalative electrochemical energy‐storage devices. In the present work, we employed zinc hexacyanoferrates (ZnHCFs), which occurs as cubic or rhombic phases, as the probe to tailor the mechanism of capacity decay upon electrochemical cycling and the corresponding mitigating strategy. Capacity fading results from the loss of active materials, which is highly correlated to the phase states; this has been identified for both phases, where the cubic phase is demonstrated to be the dominant source of ZnHCF dissolution. In 1 m KNO3 electrolyte, rhombic ZnHCF behaves evidently more stable than the cubic phase for long‐term galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. Even when simply immersed in an aqueous environment, the rhombic–cubic phase transition can spontaneously occur, which, in particular, can be accelerated considerably by electrochemical redox processes in the potential window of 0.8–1.1 V. Utilizing the common‐ion effect, specifically by incorporating ZnII into aqueous electrolytes, could considerably enhance the capacity retention of ZnHCF. Our results suggest that, if electrode materials are soluble at certain electrochemical stages, introducing electrochemically inert common ions into the electrolyte should be an efficient approach to improve the electrode–electrolyte compatibility for pursuing enhanced cycling performances.
Three Strongly Coupled Allotropes in a Functionalized Porous All‐Carbon Nanocomposite as a Superior Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Deng Xiang , Zhao Bote , Sha Yujing , Zhu Yanping , Xu Xiaomin , Shao Zongping 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA 3D hierarchically porous architecture built from three different carbon allotropes (graphene, carbon nanotubes, and chitosan‐derived porous carbon) has been prepared by using a simple molten‐salt synthesis method. The resulting all‐carbon nanocomposite is strongly coupled and functionalized with high heteroatom doping (N: 5.3 % and O: 13.5 %), which has a high specific surface area of 1614 m2 g−1. Based on the unique characteristics mentioned above, and the positive synergistic effects of the allotropes, the nanocomposite exhibits favorable features as an electrode for lithium‐ion batteries. An outstanding reversible specific capacity of 1448 mA h g−1 is achieved at 100 mA g−1. Even after 200 cycles at 1000 mA g−1, a high capacity of 749 mA h g−1 is still retained. The remarkable electrochemical performance makes this 3D functionalized porous all‐carbon nanocomposite a promising anode material. This work further opens a novel avenue to develop next‐generation all‐carbon electrochemical materials.
Di‐ureasil Hybrid Electrolytes Incorporating a New Proton Ionic Liquid
Authors: Cardoso Marita A. , Leones Rita , Rodrigues Luísa C. , Fernandes Mariana , Figueiredo Filipe L. , Nunes Sílvia C. , Silva M. Manuela , de Zea Bermudez Verónica 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe protic ionic liquid (PIL) N‐butylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([BIm][TfO]) was obtained for the first time and incorporated into a sol–gel‐derived di‐ureasil matrix with a concentration of X=5, 10, and 30 %, where X is the ratio of the mass of PIL per mass of poly(oxyethylene). Four years after their synthesis, the resulting quasi‐anhydrous electrolytes remained amorphous, homogeneous, flexible, and thermally stable below 200 °C. SEM/EDS data revealed the presence of the PIL at the surface of the xerogels with X>5 %, demonstrating that this type of morphological characterization is mandatory to avoid misleading ionic conductivity values. The highest ionic conductivity was produced in the washed sample with X=30 % (3.5×10−5 and 2.1×10−3 S cm−1 at 25 and 170 °C, respectively). The present family of electrolytes yielded higher conductivities than the N‐ethylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate‐based analogues introduced earlier by our group and may thus be considered as promising candidates for applications in fuel cells.
Insights into the Cascade Reaction of CO and Heteroallenes Mediated by Dinitrogen Hafnocene Complexes: The Indirect Effect of Nitride's Nucleophilicity
Authors: Kefalidis Christos E. , Maron Laurent 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA DFT mechanistic exploration of the reactivity of the dinitrogen hafnocene complex, [{(η5‐C5H2‐1,2,4‐Me3)2Hf}2(μ2‐N2)], towards mixtures of CO/CO2 and CO/OCNtBu is reported. The crucial role of the nitride intermediate is highlighted, as well as the importance of the bridging mode of the cyanate ligand between the two Hf metal atoms throughout the process. Interestingly, the CO2 addition to the nitride intermediate occurs through an outer‐sphere transition state, whereas the addition of the heteroallene is governed by the steric congestion imposed by cyclopentadienyl ligands.