bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How can community music shape individual and collective well‐being? A case study of a place‐based initiative
Authors: Heard Emma , Bartleet Brydie‐Leigh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedThere is an urgent need to investigate innovative and creative approaches in health promotion that support work towards health equity. In response, this study explores the potential for arts, and community music specifically, to strengthen individual and collective well‐being.MethodsThis study used a qualitative case study methodology that involved interviews, focus groups and ethnographic observation with participants (N = 13), facilitator (N = 1) and support staff (N = 2) of an established community music initiative conducted in an urban community. Data collection was conducted across 2023 and data analysis drew on a socioecological framework to explore potential individual and collective outcomes from the perspective of those involved in the initiative.ResultsFindings point to outcomes across socioecological levels with researchers identifying positive health and well‐being implications for participants including joy, healing and a sense of purpose, creative self‐expression, confidence, social connection and contribution. Positive outcomes for the wider community were also identified including developing community ties, promoting safety and shaping and sharing of collective identity. Findings suggest community‐led opportunities for engagement can support healing and empowerment for people who are marginalised, and this can enable active community participation related to challenging the status quo and developing a shared set of values. Potential implications of these outcomes in relation to broader societal transformations are discussed.ConclusionsThis study highlights how community music, and the arts more broadly are working in communities in ways that support potential personal, community and societal transformations towards health equity.So what?By developing coalitions and collaborating with diverse sectors, including the arts and social sectors, health promotion practitioners and researchers can harness the creative strengths and resources that exist within a community to support positive individual and collective well‐being.
The effects of acute aerobic exercise on appetite‐regulating parameters and energy intake in males with obesity
Authors: Khodabandeh Shahin , Rahmani‐nia Farhad , Mirzaei Bahman , Fairchild Timothy J. , Hazell Tom J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise on appetite control parameters, appetite perceptions, and energy intake in sedentary males with obesity.DesignEleven males with obesity (body fat percentage 36.5 ± 2.5%, body mass index 35.3 ± 4.2 kg/m2, V̇O2peak 29 ± 3.1 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed two experimental sessions: (1) no exercise (CTRL) and (2) 60 min of moderate‐intensity cycling exercise at 60% V̇O2peak (MICT) in a crossover design. Blood analysis included growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15), total ghrelin, peptide tyrosine tyrosine3–36 (PYY3–36), total glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), insulin, and glucose, as well as subjective appetite perceptions were measured in specific intervals. A standard breakfast at 0 h and an ad libitum meal postexercise was provided.ResultGDF‐15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [2.48–27.28] ng/L, p = 0.021) increased immediately following MICT compared to CTRL. However, there were no differences for PYY3–36 (p = 0.480, ), total ghrelin (p = 0.646, ), and total GLP‐1 (p = 0.451, ) between sessions. Appetite perceptions (95% CI: [(−20.38)–(−6.16)] mm, p = 0.001) were suppressed following MICT though energy intake was not different between the sessions (95% CI: [(−1904.9)–928.1] kJ, p = 0.480).ConclusionSixty minutes of MICT increased GDF‐15 while suppressing appetite perceptions in individuals with obesity. There was no energy compensation postexercise.
Comprehensive parametric study and sensitivity analysis of automotive radiators using different water/ethylene glycol mixtures: Toward thermo‐hydraulic performance and heat transfer characteristics optimization
Authors: Bargal Mohamed H. S. , Allam Abdelwahab N. , Zayed Mohamed E. , Wang Yiping , Alhems Luai M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAutomotive radiators are primarily utilized in vehicles to dissipate the heat generated by the engine block into the surrounding. Utilizing coolants with superior thermophysical properties reduces the engine power consumption and improves the cooling engine performance. Comprehending the correlation between coolant characteristics and its thermohydraulic behavior is essential for advancing this innovative cooling technology. This investigation introduces a detailed parametric study of an automotive radiator using diversified coolant mixtures. Ethylene glycol (EG)/water mixtures, namely, (40:60), (50:50), and (60:40) are utilized as a coolant. The influences of the operational mechanism parameters, that is, inlet coolant temperature, intake air temperature, airflow rate, coolant flowrate, and coolant mixture ratio on the effectiveness, heat transfer, and fluid flow characteristics of the radiator are investigated. A thermohydraulic coupled model, based on the effectiveness‐NTU and thermal resistance theories, are developed for simulation of the investigated radiator. The outcomes revealed that the heat transfer rate is more significantly influenced by the inlet temperatures of the coolant and air than by the flowrate. Findings reveal optimal conditions for radiator design to be a coolant mixture of (40 EG:60 Water), coolant mixture Reynolds number of 1087.5, air Reynolds number of 2175, 11°C air‐intake temperature, and 94.25°C coolant mixture temperature for engine cooling maximization. The findings also indicated optimum mixture yielded the maximum advantage ratio (AR) and heat transfer with lowest pumping power, which achieved 7.94% and 19.30% higher AR compared to (50:50) and (60:40) mixture solutions, respectively. From energy consumption reduction prospective, the optimal EG/water coolant mixture results in a reduction in pumping power by 25.11% and 49.77%, compared to the (50:50) and (60:40) mixtures, respectively, under the same optimal operating conditions. Conclusively, the optimized automotive radiator design explored in this study offers a promising approach to improving vehicle technology and increasing cooling efficiency in internal combustion engines.
Trends in dental school faculty: An analysis of the results of the 2021‒2022 ADEA Dental School Faculty Demographic Census and 2018‒2019 ADEA Survey of Dental School Faculty
Authors: Istrate Emilia C. , Cooper Betsy L. , Gül Gülsün , Booker Carolyn L. , West Karen P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurpose/objectivesEach year, American Dental Education Association (ADEA) collects data on U.S. dental school faculty demographics, compensation, and vacant and lost positions. One of the purposes of the reports associated with this project is to provide information to U.S. dental schools on national trends on dental school faculty. This report examines the landscape of faculty workforce at U.S.‐accredited dental schools in 2021‒2022 and changes relative to the 2018‒2019 academic year. The information contained within this report includes faculty position information, new and separated faculty, open or vacant faculty positions, lost faculty positions, and faculty demographics.MethodsThe report analyzes data from the 2018‒2019 ADEA Survey of Dental School Faculty (representing an estimated 91% of the full‐time and part‐time faculty) and 2021‒2022 ADEA Dental School Faculty Salary and Demographic Census (an estimated 84% of the faculty).ResultsThe analysis revealed that more than half of dental school faculty was in the south and northeast in 2021‒2022. Among responding schools, 85% of the faculty concentrated on teaching, research, and training in 2021‒2022, a proportion similar with 2018‒2019. One in five faculty was tenured or on tenure track, similar with 2018‒2019. More than three‐quarters of full‐time and part‐time faculty were clinical faculty in 2021‒2022. There was a 62% increase in open faculty positions between 2018‒2019 and 2021‒2022. Women accounted for four in 10 faculty members in 2021‒2022—more than 3 years before. The median age of dental school faculty declined from 56 to 54 years old between 2019 and 2022.ConclusionsThis study found that dental school faculty was increasingly younger, with more women members and more open positions in 2021‒2022 than in 2018‒2019.
Phosphorus distributions in alluvial soils of the Lower Mississippi River Basin: A case of dual legacies
Authors: Witthaus Lindsey , Pawlowski Ethan D. , Stevens Eric , Chatterjee Amitava , Locke Martin A. , McNamara Sarah , Moore Matthew T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLegacies can become intertwined, none more so than the body of work of Dr. Andrew Sharpley examining agricultural nutrient delivery to waterbodies and the phosphorus (P) accumulation in agricultural soils, or “legacy P.” Although Sharpley's work focused on the anthropogenic influence on soil P, our study suggests soils of the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP) represent a natural legacy with moderate levels of available P resulting from minimal anthropogenic input. In 2019, we collected surface (0–5 cm) soil samples from four regionally dominant soil series in either cropland or forested land uses, spanning 76 locations within the MAP. Soil chemical and physical properties were measured utilizing a suite of extractions and texture analysis to correlate properties with soil P values. Total soil P did not vary between land uses. Mehlich‐3 extractable P was slightly higher in cropland soils due to higher concentrations in Forestdale and Sharkey soils. Dundee, Forestdale, and Sharkey cropland soils showed significant associations between Mehlich‐3‐extractable iron (Fe) and P. Ratios of total carbon (TC) to total nitrogen (C:N) and TC to P (C:P) were consistent across all sampled soil series but differed between forest and cropland soils. These ratios are critical for establishing baseline soil nutrient values in simulation models and can be used to improve water quality model simulations that help guide P management in the MAP. As Sharpley routinely demonstrated, understanding sources of P is critical for developing an appropriate management strategy. This study provides critical knowledge on soil P dynamics in the MAP region.
Long‐term continuous cropping reduces greenhouse gas emissions while sustaining crop yields
Authors: Sainju Upendra M. , Allen Brett L. , Jabro Jalal D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInformation is needed on the effect of long‐term cropping systems on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in dryland conditions. The effect of 34 years of dryland cropping system was examined on N2O and CH4 emissions, greenhouse gas balance (GHGB), crop yield, and yield‐scaled GHG balance (YSGB) from 2016–2017 to 2017–2018 in the US northern Great Plains. Cropping systems were no‐till continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (NTCW), no‐till spring wheat‐pea (Pisum sativum L.) (NTWP), and conventional till spring wheat‐fallow (CTWF). Gases were sampled twice a week to once a month throughout the year using a static chamber and flux determined. Soil C sequestration rate at 0–10 cm was determined from samples taken in 2012 and 2019. The N2O emissions occurred immediately after planting, fertilization, and intense rainfall from May to September in both years when the emissions greater for NTCW and NTWP than CTWF. The CH4 emissions were minimal and mostly negative throughout the year. Carbon sequestration rate was positive for NTCW and NTWP due to greater C input, but negative for CTWF due to rapid C mineralization. As a result, GHGB was 170%–362% lower for NTCW than NTWP and CTWF. Annualized crop yield was 23%–60% greater for NTWP than NTCW and CTWF in 2016–2017, but not different among cropping systems in 2017–2018. The YSGB was also 129%–132% lower for NTCW and NTWP than CTWF in both years. Because of greater annualized crop yield, but lower GHG emissions, NTWP is recommended for reducing GHG emissions while sustaining long‐term dryland crop yields in the northern Great Plains.
Variants of the Gyárfás–Sumner conjecture: Oriented trees and rainbow paths
Authors: Basavaraju Manu , Chandran L. Sunil , Francis Mathew C. , Murali Karthik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiven a finite family of graphs, we say that a graph is “‐free” if does not contain any graph in as a subgraph. We abbreviate ‐free to just “‐free” when . A vertex‐colored graph is called “rainbow” if no two vertices of have the same color. Given an integer and a finite family of graphs , let denote the smallest integer such that any properly vertex‐colored ‐free graph having contains an induced rainbow path on vertices. Scott and Seymour showed that exists for every complete graph . A conjecture of N. R. Aravind states that . The upper bound on that can be obtained using the methods of Scott and Seymour setting are, however, super‐exponential. Gyárfás and Sárközy showed that . For , we show that and therefore, . This significantly improves Gyárfás and Sárközy's bound and also covers a bigger class of graphs. We adapt our proof to achieve much stronger upper bounds for graphs of higher girth: we prove that , where . Moreover, in each case, our results imply the existence of at least distinct induced rainbow paths on vertices. Along the way, we obtain some new results on an oriented variant of the Gyárfás–Sumner conjecture. For , let denote the orientations of in which one vertex has out‐degree or in‐degree . We show that every ‐free oriented graph having a chromatic number at least and every bikernel‐perfect oriented graph with girth having a chromatic number at least contains every oriented tree on at most vertices as an induced subgraph.
Beyond error: A qualitative study of human factors in serious adverse events
Authors: Mujuru Chenjerai , Peisah Carmelle 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe field of healthcare quality and safety has been informed by the study of Human Factors contributing to adverse events. Hitherto, much of the study of Human Factors has been focused on a narrow lens of human error, identifying cognitive‐based or knowledge‐based errors and cognitive processes such as loss of situational awareness contributing to error. While these factors are important, this narrow approach fails to consider the complexity of relational and systemic factors that also contribute to adverse events. We aimed to explore the relational and systemic human factors, including shared clinician attitudes and behavior, that contribute to serious adverse patient events in a public health setting. The study, set in a metropolitan local health district in New South Wales, Australia, was conducted using a retrospective qualitative multi‐incident content analysis design. Serious adverse event reviews (SAER) over 6 months (2022–2023) were subject to qualitative content analysis until data saturation was reached. Data saturation reached at 20 reports. Emergent themes related to human factors in serious adverse events included: (i) delays and inertia—with a subtheme of inertia of ageism; (ii) “All‐or‐nothing” approach to end‐of‐life care and planning; (iii) communication lapses; and (iv) implementation gap between standards and practice. Error‐based incidents accounted for only 35% of the serious adverse events examined. The sample studied involved mostly (65%) male patients, with a mean age of 69 (70% aged >65), managed across the gamut of specialties, with the most common incident being the management of acutely deteriorating patients. In conclusion, there is more to Human Factors in adverse events than cognitive or knowledge‐based error. While identifying and correcting errors is absolutely essential, we need adjunctive “soft measures” to address clinical attitudes, behaviors, and relationships in health care, particularly in increasingly complex, fraught, and stressful health care environments.
Postnatal Skull Development Reveals a Conservative Pattern in Living and Fossil Vizcachas Genus Lagostomus (Rodentia, Chinchillidae)
Authors: Segura Valentina , Rasia Luciano L. , Candela Adriana M. , Flores David A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus, is the only living species in the genus, being notably larger than fossil congeneric species, such as Lagostomus incisus, from the Pliocene of Argentina and Uruguay. Here, we compare the skull growth allometric pattern and sexual dimorphism of L. maximus and L. incisus, relating shape and size changes with skull function. We also test whether the ontogenetic trajectories and allometric trends between both sexes of L. maximus follow the same pattern. A common allometric pattern between both species was the elongation of the skull, a product of the lengthening of rostrum, and chondrogenesis on the spheno‐occipitalis synchondrosis and coronalis suture. We also detected a low proportion of skull suture fusion. In some variables, older male specimens did not represent a simple linear extension of female trajectory, and all dimorphic traits were related to the development of the masticatory muscles. Sexual dimorphism previously attributed to L. incisus would indicate that this phenomenon was present in the genus since the early Pliocene and suggests social behaviors such as polygyny and male‐male competition. Ontogenetic changes in L. incisus were similar to L. maximus, showing a conservative condition of the genus. Only two changes were different in the ontogeny of both species, which appeared earlier in L. incisus compared to L. maximus: the development of the frontal process of the nasals in a square shape, and the straight shape of the occipital bone in lateral view. Juveniles of L. maximus were close to adult L. incisus in the morphospace, suggesting a peramorphic process. The sequence of suture and synchondroses fusion showed minor differences in temporozygomatica and frontonasalis sutures, indicating major mechanical stress in L. maximus related to size. We suggest a generalized growth path in Chinchillidae, but further analyses are necessary at an evolutionary level, including Lagidium and Chinchilla.
Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI in Evaluating Pancreatic Blood Perfusion in Subjects With Different Glucose Tolerances
Authors: Zhang Yuling , Tao Zhengzheng , Ji Qian 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe pancreas plays a central role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and its blood flow is usually associated with insulin release demand.PurposeTo noninvasively assess pancreatic blood flow (PBF) changes and modulation in people with different glucose tolerance following a glucose challenge using ASL MRI.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsFourteen prediabetes, 22 T2DM, and 40 normal.Field Strength/SequencePseudo‐continuous ASL with a turbo gradient spin echo sequence at 3.0 T.AssessmentAll normal and subjects (diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test) underwent ASL after fasting for at least 6 hours. The normal and prediabetes groups additionally had ASL scans at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes following oral glucose (50 mL, 5%). PBF maps were generated from the ASL data and measured at body and tail. The ability of baseline PBF (BL‐PBF) of body, tail (BL‐PBFtail), and their average to determine abnormal glucose tolerance and stage was assessed.Statistical TestsANOVA, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, paired sample t‐test, intra‐class correlation coefficient, repeated measures ANOVA, correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic analysis, and logistic regression analysis. A P value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThere were significant differences in BL‐PBF among the three groups. The prediabetes group exhibited significantly lower PBF than the normal group at all time points; Both groups showed similar changing trends in PBF (peaking at the 15th minute and subsequently declining). The BL‐PBFtail had the highest diagnostic performance when evaluating abnormal glucose tolerance or stage (area under the curves = 0.800, 0.584, respectively) and was an independent risk factor for glucose tolerance status.Data ConclusionASL can noninvasively assess changes in PBF among individuals with varying glucose tolerance and in response to glucose challenge, which could be linked to insulin release demand and might help characterize changes in pancreatic endocrine function.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Differential regulation of viral entry‐associated genes modulated by inflammatory cytokines in the nasal epithelium
Authors: Noh Hae Eun , Rha Min‐Seok , Jeong Yeonsu , Kim Dachan , Seo Ju Hee , Kang Miran , Moon Uk yeol , Kim Chang‐Hoon , Cho Hyung‐Ju 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the impact of different types of nasal inflammation on the regulation of entry‐associated genes of respiratory viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV‐2), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), human coronavirus 229E (HCoV‐229E), and influenza virus, in the nasal epithelium. Subjects were classified into three groups: control, eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS), and noneosinophilic CRS (NECRS) groups. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2), alanyl aminopeptidase (ANPEP), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), and beta‐galactoside alpha‐2,6‐sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1), and beta‐galactoside alpha‐2,3‐sialyltransferase 4 (ST3GAL4) were selected as key entry‐associated genes for SARS‐CoV‐2, HCoV‐229E, MERS‐CoV, and influenza, respectively, and were evaluated. Brushing samples obtained from each group and human nasal epithelial cells cultured using an air–liquid interface system were treated for 7 days with typical inflammatory cytokines and analyzed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy were performed. The entry‐associated genes showed distinct regulation patterns in response to each interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), interleukin‐13 (IL‐13), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ). Specifically, ACE2 significantly decreased in type 2 cytokines (IL‐4 and IL‐13), while TMPRSS2 significantly decreased in type 1 cytokines (TNF‐α and IFN‐γ). ANPEP significantly decreased in both types of cytokines. Remarkably, DPP4 significantly increased in type 2 cytokines and decreased in type 1 cytokines. Moreover, ST6GAL1 and ST3GAL4 significantly increased in type 2 cytokines and decreased in type 1 cytokines, particularly IFN‐γ. These findings were supported by western blot analysis and confocal imaging results, especially for ACE2 and DPP4. The findings regarding differential regulation suggest that patients with ECRS, primarily mediated by type 2 inflammation, may have lower susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 and HCoV‐229E infections but higher susceptibility to MERS‐CoV and influenza infections.
Anaphylaxis to cow's milk protein in a probiotic not detected by the electronic medical record
Authors: Teitelbaum Jonathan E. , Dallessio Joseph , Brunetto Jacqueline , Ross Jacqueline A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA 13‐year‐old female with a history of congenital left lower leg lymphedema, multiple food allergies, including an immunoglobulin E mediated severe cow's milk allergy, and well‐controlled moderate persistent asthma was hospitalized with left lower leg erysipelas and Group A Streptococcus septicemia. While hospitalized, immediately after exposure to cow's milk protein as an inactive ingredient within a probiotic, she developed anaphylaxis with respiratory failure requiring intubation. This is only the third reported case of anaphylaxis due to a probiotic. Additionally, it raises issues inherent to the electronic medical record with respect to its inability to identify allergens in supplements as opposed to medications.