bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate of doubt: A re-evaluation of Büntgen and Di Cosmo’s environmental hypothesis for the Mongol withdrawal from Hungary, 1242 CE
Authors: Pinke Zsolt , Ferenczi László , Romhányi Beatrix F. , Laszlovszky József , Pow Stephen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn their recent article published in the journal Scientific Reports, Büntgen and Di Cosmo have attempted to solve the historical mystery of the sudden Mongol withdrawal from Hungary after a year-long occupation. We cannot share the authors’ viewpoint that environmental circumstances contributed to the decision of the Mongols to abandon Hungary since the hypothesis lacks support from environmental, archaeological and historical evidence. Historical source material in particular suggests that the Mongols were able to settle and sustain their herds in Hungary as is clearly stated in a letter by King Bela IV to the pope. The Mongol army arrived in the kingdom at the end of a severe drought, and we present empirical evidence that the abundant rain in the spring of 1242 CE did not worsen but rather improved their prospects for sufficient food supplies and pasturage. The marshy terrain of the Hungarian Plain likely did not precipitate the Mongol withdrawal as the Mongol high command ultimately stationed their main forces around the marshy Volga Delta. In contrast to what Büntgen and Di Cosmo have suggested, we argue that the reasons for the sudden withdrawal cannot be explained largely by environmental factors.
Dynamical regimes and stability of circular granular ratchets
Authors: Müller Patric , Gallas Jason A. C. , Pöschel Thorsten 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRatchets are simple mechanical devices which combine spatial asymmetry and nonequilibrium to produce counterintuitive transport of particles. The operation and properties of linear ratchets have already been extensively explored. However, very little is known about circular granular ratchets, startling devices able to convert vertical vibrations into rotations of the device. Here, we report results of systematic numerical investigations of the operational characteristics of circular granular ratchets. Several distinct behaviors are identified and explained in terms of the inner flow fields of the ratchet. All dynamical regimes found are robust and should not be difficult to observe in laboratory experiments.
Emergence and clonal spread of colistin resistance due to multiple mutational mechanisms in carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in London
Authors: Otter Jonathan A. , Doumith Michel , Davies Frances , Mookerjee Siddharth , Dyakova Eleonora , Gilchrist Mark , Brannigan Eimear T. , Bamford Kathleen , Galletly Tracey , Donaldson Hugo , Aanensen David M. , Ellington Matthew J. , Hill Robert , Turton Jane F. , Hopkins Katie L. , Woodford Neil , Holmes Alison 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCarbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are emerging worldwide, limiting therapeutic options. Mutational and plasmid-mediated mechanisms of colistin resistance have both been reported. The emergence and clonal spread of colistin resistance was analysed in 40 epidemiologically-related NDM-1 carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates identified during an outbreak in a group of London hospitals. Isolates from July 2014 to October 2015 were tested for colistin susceptibility using agar dilution, and characterised by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Colistin resistance was detected in 25/38 (65.8%) cases for which colistin susceptibility was tested. WGS found that three potential mechanisms of colistin resistance had emerged separately, two due to different mutations in mgrB, and one due to a mutation in phoQ, with onward transmission of two distinct colistin-resistant variants, resulting in two sub-clones associated with transmission at separate hospitals. A high rate of colistin resistance (66%) emerged over a 10 month period. WGS demonstrated that mutational colistin resistance emerged three times during the outbreak, with transmission of two colistin-resistant variants.
Regulation of root patterns in mammalian teeth
Authors: Seo Hyejin , Kim Jinsun , Hwang Jae Joon , Jeong Ho-Gul , Han Sang-Sun , Park Wonse , Ryu Kanghyun , Seomun Hong , Kim Jae-Young , Cho Eui-Sic , Park Joo-Cheol , Hu Kyung-Seok , Kim Hee-Jin , Kim Dong-Hyun , Cho Sung-Won 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMammalian teeth have diverse pattern of the crown and root. The patterning mechanism of the root position and number is relatively unknown compared to that of the crown. The root number does not always match to the cusp number, which has prevented the complete understanding of root patterning. In the present study, to elucidate the mechanism of root pattern formation, we examined (1) the pattern of cervical tongues, which are tongue-like epithelial processes extending from cervical loops, (2) factors influencing the cervical tongue pattern and (3) the relationship among patterns of cusp, cervical tongue and root in multi-rooted teeth. We found a simple mechanism of cervical tongue formation in which the lateral growth of dental mesenchyme in the cuspal region pushes the cervical loop outward, and the cervical tongue appears in the intercuspal region subsequently. In contrast, when lateral growth was physically inhibited, cervical tongue formation was suppressed. Furthermore, by building simple formulas to predict the maximum number of cervical tongues and roots based on the cusp pattern, we demonstrated a positive relationship among cusp, cervical tongue and root numbers. These results suggest that the cusp pattern and the lateral growth of cusps are important in the regulation of the root pattern.
High-throughput analysis unveils a highly shared satellite DNA library among three species of fish genus Astyanax
Authors: Silva Duílio M. Z. de A. , Utsunomia Ricardo , Ruiz-Ruano Francisco J. , Daniel Sandro Natal , Porto-Foresti Fábio , Hashimoto Diogo Teruo , Oliveira Claudio , Camacho Juan Pedro M. , Foresti Fausto 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe high-throughput analysis of satellite DNA (satDNA) content, by means of Illumina sequencing, unveiled 45 satDNA families in the genome of Astyanax paranae, with repeat unit length (RUL) ranging from 6 to 365 bp and marked predominance of short satellites (median length = 59 bp). The analysis of chromosomal location of 35 satDNAs in A. paranae, A. fasciatus and A. bockmanni revealed that most satellites are shared between the three species and show highly similar patterns of chromosome distribution. The high similarity in satellite DNA content between these species is most likely due to their recent common descent. Among the few differences found, the ApaSat44-21 satellite was present only on the B chromosome of A. paranae, but not on the A or B chromosomes of the two other species. Likewise, the ApaSat20-18 satellite was B-specific in A. paranae but was however present on A and B chromosomes of A. fasciatus and A. bockmanni. The isochromosome nature of B chromosomes in these species was evidenced by the symmetric location of many satDNAs on both B chromosome arms, and the lower symmetry observed in the A. fasciatus BfMa chromosome suggests that it is older than those analyzed in A. paranae and A. bockmanni.
An easy route to the massive karyotyping of complex chromosomal arrangements in Drosophila
Authors: Orengo Dorcas J. , Puerma Eva , Cereijo Unai , Salguero David , Aguadé Montserrat 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInversion polymorphism is widespread in the Drosophila genus as well as in other dipteran genera. The presence of polytene chromosomes in some insect organs and, thus, the possibility to observe the different arrangements generated by inversions through a microscope enhanced the cytological study of this structural polymorphism. In several Drosophila species, these studies provided evidence for the adaptive character of this polymorphism, which together with the standing interest to uncover targets of natural selection has led to a renewed interest for inversion polymorphism. Our recent molecular characterization of the breakpoint regions of five inversions of the E chromosome of D. subobscura has allowed us to design a PCR-based strategy to molecularly identify the different chromosomal arrangements and, most importantly, to determine the E chromosome karyotype of medium- and large-sized samples from natural populations. Individuals of a test sample that were both cytologically and molecularly karyotyped were used to establish the strategy that was subsequently applied to karyotype a larger sample. Our strategy has proved to be robust and time efficient, and it lays therefore the groundwork for future studies of the E chromosome structural polymorphism through space and time, and of its putative contribution to adaptation.
Anchorage of Au3+ into Modified Isoreticular Metal–Organic Framework-3 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Propargylamines
Authors: Liu Lili , Tai Xishi , Zhou Xiaojing , Xin Chunling , Yan Yongmei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPostsynthetic modification of metal-organic framework is a general and practical approach to access MOF-based catalysts bearing multiple active sites. The isoreticular metal–organic framework-3 (IRMOF-3) was modified with lactic acid through condensation reaction of the carboxyl group of lactic acid and amino group present in IRMOF-3 frameworks. Au3+was subsequently anchored onto the metal–organic framework IRMOF-3 using postsynthetic modification. The synthezized IRMOF-3-LA-Au (LA = lactic acid) was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, N2adsorption-desorption, infrared spectroscopy, liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, H2-temperature programmed reduction, transmission electro microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. IRMOF-3-LA-Au acted as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of propargylamines by three-component coupling reaction of aldehyde, alkyne, and amine. Moreover, the catalyst is applicable to various substituted substrates, including aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, alkyl- and aryl-substituted terminal alkynes, and alicyclic amines. In addition, the catalyst can be easily separated from the mixture and can be reused for four consecutive cycles.
IFN-α-mediated Base Excision Repair Pathway Correlates with Antiviral Response Against Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Li Yong , Xia Yuchen , Han Meifang , Chen Guang , Zhang Dake , Thasler Wolfgang E. , Protzer Ulrike , Ning Qin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPrevious studies identified APOBEC deaminases as enzymes targeting hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the nucleus thus affecting its persistence. Interferon (IFN)-α treated chimpanzees and hepatitis C patients showed elevated APOBEC expression. We thus hypothesized that the responses to IFN-α treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is influenced by IFN-induced base excision repair (BER). CHB-treatment naïve patients, patients treated with PEGylated IFN-α, and patients with sequential treatment of Entecavior and PEGylated IFN-α were recruited. Blood and liver biopsy samples were collected before treatment and at treatment endpoint. BER genes were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. BER gene expression levels and IFN treatment responses were correlated in patient liver biopsies. APOBEC3A, -B, -C, -D/E, and-G mRNA levels were up-regulated in IFN-treated patients. APOBEC3A expression was significantly higher in IFN-responders than in non-responders. BER genes NEIL3 was down-regulated in IFN-treated patients. APOBEC3 and BER gene expression at treatment endpoints partially correlated with the corresponding absolute DNA level or degree of HBsAg and HBV DNA decline. Our study suggests that the expression of APOBEC3A positively correlates with IFN-treatment responses in CHB patients, while NEIL3 shows negative correlation. These genes may involve to IFN mediated viral suppression and serve as biomarkers for CHB disease management.
Role of Oceanic and Terrestrial Atmospheric Moisture Sources in Intraseasonal Variability of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall
Authors: Pathak Amey , Ghosh Subimal , Kumar Praveen , Murtugudde Raghu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSummer Monsoon Rainfall over the Indian subcontinent displays a prominent variability at intraseasonal timescales with 10–60 day periods of high and low rainfall, known as active and break periods, respectively. Here, we study moisture transport from the oceanic and terrestrial sources to the Indian landmass at intraseasonal timescales using a dynamic recycling model, based on a Lagrangian trajectory approach applied to the ECMWF–ERA–interim reanalysis data. Intraseasonal variation of monsoon rainfall is associated with both a north-south pattern from the Indian landmass to the Indian Ocean and an east-west pattern from the Core Monsoon Zone (CMZ) to eastern India. We find that the oceanic sources of moisture, namely western and central Indian Oceans (WIO and CIO) contribute to the former, while the major terrestrial source, Ganga basin (GB) contributes to the latter. The formation of the monsoon trough over Indo-Gangetic plain during the active periods results in a high moisture transport from the Bay of Bengal and GB into the CMZ in addition to the existing southwesterly jet from WIO and CIO. Our results indicate the need for the correct representation of both oceanic and terrestrial sources of moisture in models for simulating the intraseasonal variability of the monsoon.
Targeting cellular pathways in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Pearson Joshua R D , Regad Tarik 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a debilitating disease that is associated with poor prognosis, short median patient survival and a very limited response to therapies. GBM has a very complex pathogenesis that involves mutations and alterations of several key cellular pathways that are involved in cell proliferation, survival, migration and angiogenesis. Therefore, efforts that are directed toward better understanding of GBM pathogenesis are essential to the development of efficient therapies that provide hope and extent patient survival. In this review, we outline the alterations commonly associated with GBM pathogenesis and summarize therapeutic strategies that are aimed at targeting aberrant cellular pathways in GBM.
Characterization of an Alteromonas long-type ulvan lyase involved in the degradation of ulvan extracted from Ulva ohnoi
Authors: He Chuan , Muramatsu Hisashi , Kato Shin-ichiro , Ohnishi Kouhei 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Ulvan is a sulfated polysaccharide found in the cell wall of the green algae Ulva. We first isolated several ulvan-utilizing Alteromonas sp. from the feces of small marine animals. The strain with the highest ulvan-degrading activity, KUL17, was analyzed further. We identified a 55-kDa ulvan-degrading protein secreted by this strain and cloned the gene encoding for it. The deduced amino acid sequence indicated that the enzyme belongs to polysaccharide lyase family 24 and thus the protein was named ulvan lyase. The predicted molecular mass of this enzyme is 110 kDa, which is different from that of the identified protein. By deletion analysis, the catalytic domain was proven to be located on the N-terminal half of the protein. KUL17 contains two ulvan lyases, one long and one short, but the secreted and cleaved long ulvan lyase was demonstrated to be the major enzyme for ulvan degradation.
The Effect of Sunday Alcohol Sales Bans on Teen Drinking in Georgia
Authors: Meany Brendan , Berning Joshua , Smith Travis , Rejesus Roderick M 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCurrent Blue laws are primarily concerned with limiting the sale of alcohol on Sunday. This presumably decreases adverse outcomes related to alcohol consumption. We examine whether the repeal of alcohol sales on Sunday in Georgia had an impact on teenage drinking, which is linked to a multitude of risky behaviors. We exploit the heterogeneous repeal across counties and municipalities. To account for potential endogeneity, we employ an instrumental variable approach. Across several model specifications, we find no effect of repeal on underage drinking. Concerns that repeal might contribute to increases in underage drinking appear to be unfounded in this case.
Impact of European Union–U.S. Organic Equivalency Arrangement on U.S. Exports
Authors: Demko Iryna , Jaenicke Edward C 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study uses the synthetic control method to investigate the impact of the 2012 bilateral organic equivalency arrangement between the European Union and the United States, the two largest organic markets in the world. Employing the newly‐available USDA Global Agricultural Trade System (GATS) data on organic trade, we collectively analyze 23 products of U.S. organic exports representing fresh produce, coffee, and tomato sauce, at the quarterly level during the 2011–2014 period. We find that the policy generates an increase of 9.1% in the organic exports of these products to the European Union each quarter.
Developing and testing a computer vision method to quantify 3D movements of bottom-set gillnets on the seabed
Authors: Savina Esther , Krag Ludvig Ahm , Madsen Niels 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGillnets are one of the most widely used fishing gears, but there is limited knowledge about their habitat effects, partly due to the lack of methodology to quantify such effects. A stereo imaging method was identified and adapted to quantify the dynamic behaviour of gillnets in-situ. Two cameras took synchronized images of the gear from slightly different perspectives, allowing to estimate the distance from the observation unit to the gear such as in the human 3D vision. The sweeping motion on the seabed and the penetration into the sediment of the leadline of light and heavy commercial bottom gillnets deployed in sandy habitats in the Danish coastal plaice fishery were assessed. The direct physical disruption of the seabed was minimal as the leadline was not penetrating into the seabed. Direct damage to the benthos could however originate from the sweeping movements of the nets, which were found to be higher than usually estimated by experts, up to about 2 m. The sweeping movements were for the most part in the order of magnitude of 10 cm, and resulted in a total swept area per fishing operation lower than any of the hourly swept area estimated for active fishing gears. Whereas the general perception is that heavy gears are more destructive to the habitat, light nets were moving significantly more than heavy ones. The established methodology could be further applied to assess gear dynamic behaviour in situ of other static gears.
Automated Text Analysis for Consumer Research
Authors: Humphreys Ashlee , Wang Rebecca Jen-Hui 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe amount of digital text available for analysis by consumer researchers has risen dramatically. Consumer discussions on the internet, product reviews, and digital archives of news articles and press releases are just a few potential sources for insights about consumer attitudes, interaction, and culture. Drawing from linguistic theory and methods, this article presents an overview of automated text analysis, providing integration of linguistic theory with constructs commonly used in consumer research, guidance for choosing amongst methods, and advice for resolving sampling and statistical issues unique to text analysis. We argue that although automated text analysis cannot be used to study all phenomena, it is a useful tool for examining patterns in text that neither researchers nor consumers can detect unaided. Text analysis can be used to examine psychological and sociological constructs in consumer-produced digital text by enabling discovery or by providing ecological validity.
Infections caused by mycobacteria
Authors: Matthews Philippa C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter consists of short notes, diagrams, and tables to summarize infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex and Mycobacterium leprae. For ease of reference, each topic is broken down into sections, including classification, epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Matthews Philippa C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter consists of short notes, diagrams, and tables to summarize Gram-negative organisms that are significant causes of disease in the tropics and subtropics. This includes Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Salmonella species (including typhoid and paratyphoid), Brucella, melioid, Campylobacter, and meningococci. For ease of reference, each topic is broken down into sections, including classification, epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Infections caused by spirochaetes
Authors: Matthews Philippa C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter consists of short notes, diagrams, and tables to summarize infections caused by spirochaetes. The chapter begins with a classification system to divide these organisms into Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira, and Brachyspira. Separate sections then follow on the infections of most clinical significance for the tropics and subtropics, including leptospirosis, syphilis, non-venereal treponemes, and relapsing fevers. For ease of reference, each topic is broken down into sections, including classification, epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Infections caused by obligate intracellular bacteria
Authors: Matthews Philippa C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter consists of short notes, diagrams, and tables to summarize infections caused by obligate intracellular bacteria. The chapter begins with a classification system to divide these organisms into Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Chlamydia, Coxiella, and Bartonella species. Separate sections then follow on the infections of most clinical significance for the tropics and subtropics, including the typhus group (caused by rickettsial infection) and Q fever. For ease of reference, each topic is broken down into sections, including classification, epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Infections caused by DNA viruses
Authors: Matthews Philippa C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter consists of short notes, diagrams, and tables to summarize DNA viruses that are significant causes of disease in the tropics and subtropics. This includes pox viruses and hepatitis B virus. For ease of reference, each topic is broken down into sections, including classification, epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
Cestodes (tapeworms)
Authors: Matthews Philippa C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter consists of short notes, diagrams, maps, and tables to summarize human cestode (‘tapeworm’) infections, starting with a classification of relevant organisms. The chapter then goes on to cover dwarf tapeworm, fish tapeworm, beef/pork tapeworm, and hydatid disease. For ease of reference, each topic is broken down into sections, including classification, epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Protozoal infections of the gut
Authors: Matthews Philippa C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter consists of short notes, diagrams, maps, and tables to summarize protozoal infections of the human gut, starting with a classification system and then providing specific notes on amoebiasis and Giardia infection. For ease of reference, each topic is broken down into sections, including classification, epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.