bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐Scale Modeling of Unsaturated Flow by a Stochastic Perturbation Approach
Authors: Liu Zhao , Zha Yuanyuan , Yang Wenyuan , Kuo Yi-Ming , Yang Jinzhong 
Published: March 2016

Core Ideas
Large‐scale equations have the same form as the Richards equation.
Large‐scale parameters are expressed by the mean parameters plus correction terms.
Mean parameters can substitute for the large‐scale parameters.
The spatial variability of soil properties hinders the mean unsaturated flow.
Based on the stochastic perturbation approach, a large‐scale unsaturated flow model was derived in which the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is assumed to be a random field. The corresponding effective parameters (i.e., the large‐scale relative diffusivity and the large‐scale relative conductivity) can be evaluated by the mean parameters and correction terms, and the latter are affected by variability of the dimensionless form of Ks and the flow process. Analytical solutions of the large‐scale parameters were derived by a spectral approach for a synthetic, one‐dimensional case. The simulated results from the large‐scale model were compared with the results from Monte Carlo simulations as well as the simulation results with mean parameters under one‐, global two,‐ and local two‐dimensional infiltration cases, respectively. Comparisons showed that the soil water content calculated using the mean parameters is smaller than that obtained by the Monte Carlo simulations, while the actual mean soil water content is smaller than the value calculated by large‐scale parameters based on the spectral approach. This study shows that the mean parameter can be an alternative to the large‐scale parameter (which is difficult to obtain) for unsaturated flow modeling. The validity of the assumptions of the large‐scale model were also tested.
Soil Complex Dielectric Permittivity Spectra Determination Using Electrical Signal Reflections in Probes of Various Lengths
Authors: Szypłowska Agnieszka , Wilczek Andrzej , Kafarski Marcin , Skierucha Wojciech 
Published: March 2016

Core Ideas
A new complex dielectric permittivity spectra determination method was developed.
The method uses Fourier analysis of the reflected signals in two probes of different length.
No assumptions on soil dielectric relaxation model are necessary.
The complex dielectric permittivity (CDP) of soils is used in moisture and salinity measurements. We have developed a CDP spectra determination method based on Fourier analysis of electrical signals reflected in probes of various lengths. The S11 parameters of the probes placed in samples under test were measured using a vector network analyzer, and the results were transformed into the time domain using transient‐state analysis and a simulated needle pulse. The pulses reflected from the ends of the probes' rods were extracted using a windowing function and transformed into the frequency domain. The CDP was then calculated independently at each frequency using an analytical expression. In contrast to time‐domain spectroscopy techniques, knowledge of the incident signal in the soil sample is not needed. Also, no assumptions on a dielectric relaxation model of the tested materials are necessary. The method was tested on six reference materials and samples of two soils at various water contents. The accuracy of the obtained results was assessed and a rod length combination of 4 and 10 cm was selected for further use. The measurement errors for the tested reference media were determined. The method performed the best in the frequency range 0.2 to 1.0 GHz for the real part of the CDP and 0.20 to 0.85 GHz for the imaginary part. This approach may be adapted for use with a time domain reflectometry needle pulse device.
Shape analysis of moss (Bryophyta) sporophytes: Insights into land plant evolution
Authors: Rose Jeffrey P. , Kriebel Ricardo , Sytsma Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The alternation of generations life cycle represents a key feature of land‐plant evolution and has resulted in a diverse array of sporophyte forms and modifications in all groups of land plants. We test the hypothesis that evolution of sporangium (capsule) shape of the mosses—the second most diverse land‐plant lineage—has been driven by differing physiological demands of life in diverse habitats. This study provides an important conceptual framework for analyzing the evolution of a single, homologous character in a continuous framework across a deep expanse of time, across all branches of the tree of life.METHODS:We reconstruct ancestral sporangium shape and ancestral habitat on the largest phylogeny of mosses to date, and use phylogenetic generalized least squares regression to test the association between habitat and sporangium shape. In addition, we examine the association between shifts in sporangium shape and species diversification.RESULTS:We demonstrate that sporangium shape is convergent, under natural selection, and associated with habitat type, and that many shifts in speciation rate are associated with shifts in sporangium shape.CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that natural selection in different microhabitats results in the diversity of sporangium shape found in mosses, and that many increasing shifts in speciation rate result in changes in sporangium shape across their 480 million year history. Our framework provides a way to examine if diversification shifts in other land plants are also associated with massive changes in sporophyte form, among other morphological traits.
Growth and Development of the Lymphoid Organs as Affected by Inorganic and Organic Zinc in Broilers Chickens
Authors: Bulao Maria Fe 
Published: March 2016

Zinc is one of the important minerals that affect the immune system. It should be incorporated in the diet since the effects of deficiency are very pronounced. However, the levels and sources are still unknown particularly in the growth and development of the lymphoid organs. Hence, this study was conducted. Two experiments were conducted following a completely randomized design for a period of 36 days. Experiment 1 utilized zinc oxide while 2 made used of zinc methionine. Results revealed that the different levels of zinc oxide did not affect the average weight and number of lymphatic nodules of the Bursa of Fabricius and thymus. The same organs involuted between 15-28 days and 11-21 days, respectively. The spleen, however, was unaffected. In Experiment 2, it shows that the average weight and number of lymphatic nodules of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus were not affected by the different levels of zinc methionine. Bursa involuted from days 8-28 while thymus, between 11-21 days. Increasing spleen's weight pattern was noted only in the control group beginning on day 11 and peak on day 28. The study concludes that the growth and development of the lymphoid organs were not affected by zinc inclusion in the diet. It recommends that supplementation must be accompanied by good management practices.
Ligand‐Accelerated
ortho
‐CHOlefination of Phenylacetic Acids
Authors: Engle Keary M. , Dastbaravardeh Navid , Thuy‐Boun Peter S. , Wang Dong‐Hui , Sather Aaron C. , Yu* Jin‐Quan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Mono‐
N
‐protected amino acid (MPAA)‐accelerated
ortho
‐C–H olefination reaction tolerates a range of electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing substituents on the aryl group of the phenylacetic acid. This work demonstrates the essential role that the ligand plays in developing practical Pd(II)‐catalyzed C–H functionalization reactions that are reliable in preparative‐scale synthesis.
Preparation of
N
‐(Boc)‐Allylglycine Methyl Ester Using a Zinc‐Mediated, Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Atmuri N. D. Prasad , Lubell* William D. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

In the context of our research in peptide mimicry, we required an efficient, atom economical route to enantiomerically pure allylglycine analogues. Building on the established precedent of zinc‐mediated, palladium‐catalyzed crosscoupling reactions of commercially available and inexpensive
tert
‐butyl (
R
)‐1‐(methoxycarbonyl)‐2‐iodoethylcarbamate, this extension employs vinyl bromide to give effective access to allylglycine in enantiomerically pure form on multi‐gram scale. Negishi cross coupling of the alininyl zinc intermediate with vinyl bromide is effectively mediated by Pd
2
(dba)
3
and tri‐(
o
‐tolyl)phosphine and has been examined at lower temperature to give the
N
‐(Boc)‐allylglycine methyl ester with improved yield.
Asymmetric Synthesis of All‐Carbon Benzylic Quaternary Stereocenters via Conjugate Addition to Alkylidene Meldrum's Acids
Authors: Beaton Eric , Fillion* Eric 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This article describes the catalytic asymmetric formation of all carbon benzylic quaternary centres, which is an important goal in organic chemistry as these moieties are ubiquitous in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Conjugate addition of organometallic reagents to tri‐ and tetrasubstituted alkenes activated by carbonyl, nitro or sulfone groups is an efficient method that can be used to synthesize these motifs. The conjugate addition of dialkylzinc reagents to 5‐ylidene Meldrum's acid derivatives presented herein is a flexible and convenient method to perform this transformation because the substrates are readily prepared by Knoevenagel condensation of various commercially available aryl ketones and the conjugate addition products may undergo a wide variety of transformations. In addition, the substrate scope is broad as the reaction tolerates numerous functional groups.
Synthesis of Optically Active 1,2,3,4‐TetrahydroquinolinesviaAsymmetric Hydrogenation Using Iridium‐Diamine Catalyst
Authors: Chen Fei , Ding Zi‐Yuan , He Yan‐Mei , Fan* Qing‐Hua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe procedure described herein provides a highly efficient method for the preparation of the desired chiral 2‐substituted 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines in high enantiomeric excessviaasymmetric hydrogenation using readily available and air stable chiral cationic Cp*Ir(OTf)(N‐sulfonylated diamine) complexes as catalysts. In addition, the hydrogenation can be carried out in undegassed methanol and with no need for inert gas protection throughout the entire operation.
1,3‐Dimethylimidazoyl‐2‐Ylidene Borane
Authors: Gardner Sean , Kawamoto Takuji , Curran*1 Dennis P. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
1,3‐Dimethylimidazoyl‐2‐ylidene borane is the most commonly used NHC‐boranes. It undergoes BH insertion reactions with reactive carbenes derived from diazo compounds. It has a diverse reduction chemistry as a radical hydrogen atom donor and a neutral hydride source.
Copper‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination of Heteroaromatic and Aromatic CH Bonds via
TMPZnCl
·LiCl Mediated Metalation
Authors: McDonald Stacey L. , Hendrick Charles E. , Bitting Katie J. , Wang* Qiu 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

This article discusses about the copper‐catalyzed electrophilic amination of heteroaromatic and aromatic C–H Bonds via TMPZnCl•LiCl mediated metalation.The importance of nitrogen‐containing compounds continues to drive the development of new C–N bond‐forming transformations. C–H amination offers a direct method to introduce amino groups into molecules without stepwise functional group manipulations. Organozinc reagents can be generated
in situ
using the strong and non‐nucleophilic base TMPZnCl•LiCl. Additionally, readily available
O
‐benzoylhydroxylamines is demonstrated as an effective electrophilic nitrogen source in this C–H amination reaction.
Direct
C7
Functionalization of Tryptophan. Synthesis of Methyl (
S
)‐2‐((
tert
‐Butoxycarbonyl)amino)‐3‐(7‐(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)‐1
H
‐indol‐3‐yl)propanoate
Authors: Amaike Kazuma , Loach Richard P. , Movassaghi*2 Mohammad 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

This article discusses about the direct C7 functionalization of tryptophan. Synthesiss of methyl (
S
)‐2‐((
tert
‐butoxycarbonyl)amino)‐3‐(7‐(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)‐1
H
‐indol‐3‐yl)propanoate is discussed. The demand for diversely substituted indole structures has led to the development of a wide range of methods for indole functionalization. Examination of conditions for the diboronation of various
N
‐protected tryptamines demonstrated that exposure to excess pinacolborane (5 equiv), catalytic amounts of [Ir(cod)OMe]
2
and 4,4'‐di‐
tert
‐butylbipyridine in tetrahydrofuran at 60 °C, was sufficient to ensure full boronation at C2 and C7.
Mg/Ca thermometry in planktic foraminifera: Improving paleotemperature estimations for G. bulloides and N. pachyderma left
Authors: Vázquez Riveiros Natalia , Govin Aline , Waelbroeck Claire , Mackensen Andreas , Michel Elisabeth , Moreira Santiago , Bouinot Thomas , Caillon Nicolas , Orgun Ayche , Brandon Margaux 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPlanktic foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios have become a fundamental seawater temperature proxy in past climate reconstructions, due to the temperature dependence of Mg uptake into foraminiferal calcite. However, empirical calibrations for single species from methodologically consistent data are still lacking. Here we present species‐specific calibrations of Mg/Ca versus calcification temperature for two commonly used species of planktic foraminifera: Globigerina bulloides and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma left, based on a series of Southern Ocean and North Atlantic core tops. Combining these new data with previously published data, we derive an integrated G. bulloides Mg/Ca‐temperature calibration for mid and high latitudes of both hemispheres between 2 and 18°C, where Mg/Ca = 1.006 ± 0.032 * e0.065 ± 0.003*Tiso (R2 = 0.82). G. bulloides is found to calcify deeper in the Southern Ocean (∼ 200 m) than in the North Atlantic (top 50 m). We also propose a Mg/Ca temperature calibration to describe the temperature response in N. pachyderma left that calcified away from the influence of sea ice in the Southern Ocean, valid between ∼ −1 and 9°C, of the form Mg/Ca = 0.580 ± 0.016 * e0.084 ± 0.006*Tiso (R2 = 0.70). These calibrations account for uncertainties on Mg/Ca measurements and calcification temperature that were carefully estimated and propagated using Monte Carlo iterations. The 1σ propagated error in Mg/Ca‐derived temperatures is 1.1°C for G. bulloides and 0.9°C for N. pachyderma left for the presented data sets. Geographical extension of genotypes must be assessed when choosing to develop regional or global calibrations.
Emerging trends in heavy precipitation and hot temperature extremes in Switzerland
Authors: Scherrer S. C. , Fischer E. M. , Posselt R. , Liniger M. A. , Croci‐Maspoli M. , Knutti R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractChanges in intensity and frequency of daily heavy precipitation and hot temperature extremes are analyzed in Swiss observations for the years 1901–2014/2015. A spatial pooling of temperature and precipitation stations is applied to analyze the emergence of trends. Over 90% of the series show increases in heavy precipitation intensity, expressed as annual maximum daily precipitation (mean change: +10.4% 100 years−1; 31% significant, p < 0.05) and in heavy precipitation frequency, expressed as the number of events greater than the 99th percentile of daily precipitation (mean change: +26.5% 100 years−1; 35% significant, p < 0.05). The intensity of heavy precipitation increases on average by 7.7% K−1 smoothed Swiss annual mean temperature, a value close to the Clausius‐Clapeyron scaling. The hottest day and week of the year have warmed by 1.6 K to 2.3 K depending on the region, while the Swiss annual mean temperature increased by 1.9 K. The frequency of very hot days exceeding the 99th percentile of daily maximum temperature has more than tripled. Despite considerable local internal variability, increasing trends in heavy precipitation and hot temperature extremes are now found at most Swiss stations. The identified trends are unlikely to be random and are consistent with climate model projections, with theoretical understanding of a human‐induced change in the energy budget and water cycle and with detection and attribution studies of extremes on larger scales.
The role of planetary waves in the tropospheric jet response to stratospheric cooling
Authors: Smith Karen L. , Scott Richard K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn idealized general circulation model is used to assess the importance of planetary‐scale waves in determining the position of the tropospheric jet, specifically its tendency to shift poleward as winter stratospheric cooling is increased. Full model integrations are compared against integrations in which planetary waves are truncated in the zonal direction, and only synoptic‐scale waves are retained. Two series of truncated integrations are considered, using (i) a modified radiative equilibrium temperature or (ii) a nudged‐bias correction technique. Both produce tropospheric climatologies that are similar to the full model when stratospheric cooling is weak. When stratospheric cooling is increased, the results indicate that the interaction between planetary‐ and synoptic‐scale waves plays an important role in determining the structure of the tropospheric mean flow and rule out the possibility that the jet shift occurs purely as a response to changes in the planetary‐ or synoptic‐scale wave fields alone.
ChemInform Abstract: KRISTALLSTRUKTUREN UND SCHWINGUNGSSPEKTREN DER ARSEN(V)‐ UND ANTIMON(V)‐MY‐OXOFLUOROKOMPLEXE
Authors: HAASE W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Ergebnisse der Kristallstrukturanalyse von Verbindungen mit den Anionen (AS2F1oO)2‐ (I3), (Sb2F1o0)2‐ (Ib), (A52F8O2)2 ‐ (H) und (Sb3F12O3)3‐ (In) werden dargelegt und diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: AUSWERTUNG EXPERIMENTELLER DATEN UEBER DIE BREITE DER METASTABILEN ZONE IN WAESSRIGEN LOESUNGEN
Authors: NYVLT J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFrüher erhaltene Ergebnisse über die Breite der metastabilen Zone in wäßrigen Elektrolytlösungen werden zur Berechnung der Keimbildungsparameter nach klassischen Keimbildungstheorien benutzt.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLVATATION UND BIFUNKTIONELLER PROTONENUEBERGANG VON (PT(NH3)5NH2)(3+) IN WAESSRIGER LOESUNG
Authors: GRUNWALD ERNEST , FONG DODD‐WING 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Protonenaustauschgeschwindigkeiten werden für [Pt(NH3)6]" (I) in wäßriger Lösung und für Pt(NH3)5NH2]3 (II) in H2O und HOD‐D2O‐Lösung durch NMR‐Untersuchungen ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: ELEKTROCHEMISCHES VERH. VON LITHIUMHALTIGEN NICKELOXIDKRISTALLEN
Authors: YONEYAMA HIROSHI , TAMURA HIDEO 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDas unterschiedliche elektrochemische Verhalten von Li‐haltigen NiO‐Einkristallelektroden und Elektroden aus dem gleichen gesinterten Material wird anhand der Strom‐Spannungs‐Kurven des Fe2 /Fe3 ‐Systems an diesen Elektroden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: HERST. EINER NICHT‐PERMSELEKTIVEN KATIONENAUSTAUSCHMEMBRAN FUER ZWEIWERTIGE KATIONEN DURCH BESCHICHTEN MIT EINEM VINYLONFILM
Authors: DOHNO REIZO , AZUMI TAKATUGU , TAKASHIMA SHIRO 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Herstellung der nicht‐permselektiven Membran für das Ca(II)‐Kation erfolgt durch Bestreichen der einen Seite einer kommerziellen Kation‐Austauschmembran mit einem dünnen Vinylonfilm.
ChemInform Abstract: LIGANDENREAKTIVITAET UND KATALYSE
Authors: KELM H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEin Vergleich der theoretischen Anforderungen an einen Katalysator mit den Eigenschaften von Komplexverbindungen führt zu dem Schluß, daß diese Verbindungen sich als Reaktionszentren bei katalysierten Prozessen eignen.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITIONEN VON AMINEN UND HYDRAZINEN AN CARBODIIMIDE UNTER TETRAFLUOROBORSAEURE‐KATALYSE 13. MITT. UEBER CARBODIIMIDE
Authors: HARTKE K. , RADAU M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAliphatische Amine und die Carbodiimide (I) geben in Gegenwart von Tetrafluoroborsäure keine Additionsprodukte, da die Säure von den Aminen gebunden wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUENTENEFFEKTE AUF DIE SMILES‐UMLAGERUNG VON O‐SYMM.‐TRIAZINYL‐2‐AMINO‐PHENOLEN
Authors: MAENO NORIO , ITAGAKI TAKESHI , UNO SEIICHI , MATSUI KOHJI 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDas Nitrophenol (I) und das Dichlortriazin (II) werden in Aceton‐NaOH zum Äther (III) umgesetzt, dessen Reaktion mit Dimethylamin und anschließende Hydrierung an Raney‐Ni zum Triazinylaminophenol (IV) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE RED. VON KUPFER(II) DURCH TETRAAETHYLPLUMBAN, ANHALTSPUNKTE FUER AETHYLRADIKALE IN ESSIGSAEURE
Authors: CLINTON N. A. , KOCHI J. K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Reduktion verschiedener Kupfer(II)‐Verbindungen durch das Plumban (II wird ausführlich kinetisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: KATALYTISCHE RED. VON 2′,4,4′‐TRINITRO‐BENZANILID IN LOESUNGSMITTELN MIT AMIDCHARAKTER
Authors: SHCHEL'TSYN V. K. , BAISMAN I. L. , VARNIKOVA G. V. , KHOROSHILOVA L. L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Kinetik der Hydrierung des Trinitrobenzanilids (I) an Pd/Al2O3 in N‐Methyl‐pyrrolidon, N,N‐Dimethylformamid und wäßrigen Mischungen beider Lösungsmittel wird bei 25°C untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: WOLFRAM ENTHALTENDE KATALYSATOREN 2. MITT.
Authors: MAZZOCCHIA C. , TERZAGHI G. , ZANDERIGHI L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBehandelt wird die Herstellung verschiedener Wolframoxid‐enthaltender Katalysatoren und ihre Anwendung als Hydrierkatalysatoren und als Katalysatoren bei der Oxidation von Propylen und Methanol.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON KUPFER(I)‐ACETAT MIT ORGANISCHEN HALOGENIDEN
Authors: KAWAKI TAKAO , HASHIMOTO HARUKICHI 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDas Cu‐acetat (II), das aus Phenylkupfer und Essigsäure dargestellt wird, reagiert mit den Acylchloriden (I) zu den Anhydriden (III), während mit Alkylhalogeniden wie z.B. Äthyljodid oder (IV) die entsprechenden Ester (51% Ausbeute) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON PREPHYTOEN‐ALKOHOL
Authors: CROMBIE L. , FINDLEY D. A. R. , WHITING D. A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstractall‐trans‐Farnesyl‐aceton (I) wird mit entsprechenden Phosphonacetaten in den Carbonsäureester (II) übergeführt, der zu Geranyl‐geraniol reduziert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLVOLYSE VON DELTA(2)‐CYCLOBUTENYLAETHYL‐BETA‐ UND DELTA(2)‐CYCLOBUTENYLPROPYL‐GAMMA‐TOSYLAT
Authors: BANCIU M. , BUCK P. , CIORANESCU E. , NENITZESCU C. D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Solvolyse des Cyclobutenyläthyl‐β‐tosylats (I) in wasserfreier Essigsäure in Gegenwart von Natriumacetat bei 75°C ergibt nach der Reduktion mit LiAlH4 in 43%iger Ausbeute den nicht umgelagerten Alkohol (II) sowie in 36%iger Ausbeute 3‐,5‐Hexadien‐1‐ol (III) neben einer Anzahl in geringer Menge auftre tender Produkte.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON KROKONSAEUREAMIDEN 3. MITT. UEBER POLYCARBONYLVERBINDUNGEN
Authors: SEITZ G. , KLEIN W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractKrokonsäuredimethylester (I) bildet mit den sekundären Aminen (II) in zweistufiger Reaktion nach guten Ausbeuten die Krokonsäureamide (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: INOSIT‐DERIVATE 6. MITT. BEFRIEDIGENDE SYNTH. VON DL‐PROTO‐QUERCIT AUS MYO‐INOSIT
Authors: SUAMI TETSUO , OGAWA SEIICHIRO , UEDA TSUNEHISA , UCHINO HAYASHI 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Behandlung des Myoinositderivates (I) mit einem Überschuß von Na‐metha nolat in Methanol liefert den Anhydroinosit (II).
ChemInform Abstract: UNGESAETTIGTE 1,1‐DISULFONE
Authors: STETTER H. , RIBERI B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDiphenylsulfonylmethan (I) kondensiert sich mit den aromatischen Aldehyde (II) zu den Styrolen (III), mit den aliphatischen Aldehyden (IV) zu den Alkenen (V) und liefert Kondensationsprodukte sowohl mit einem als auch mit zwei Molen Formaldehyd.
ChemInform Abstract: THIOCYANATOACETAT 4. MITT. RK. VON THIOCYANATOESSIGSAEUREAETHYLESTER MIT AROMATISCHEN ALDEHYDEN IN GEGENWART VON THIOHARNSTOFFEN
Authors: KAMBE SATOSHI , HAYASHI TOSHIO 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDer Ester (I) reagiert mit den Aldehyden (IV) in Gegenart der Hanrstoffe (II) zu den Acetamiden (V), wobei zunächst die Amide (III) gebildet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. AROMATISCHER NITROVERBINDUNGEN 38. MITT. ALKYLDERIVATE DES M‐DINITRO‐TOLUOLS ALS NUCLEOPHILE AGENTIEN
Authors: GOL'TEUZEN E. E. , GRUDTSYN YU. D. , GITIS S. S. , KAMINSKII A. YA. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie m‐Dinitrotoluole (I) bilden unter der Einwirkung von KOH in aprotonischen Lösungsmitteln (Dimethylsulfoxid, Dimethylformamid, Propylencarbonat) die Anionen (II).