bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieve Full‐Color Emission in Multiple States through Reversible B←N Bond Formation and Multiple Configuration Transitions of a Single Fluorophore
Authors: Sun Yitong , Cai Xueqi , He Wenjie , Ji Xinyu , Zheng Liyan , Shi Yonggang , Cao Qiue 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMultifunctional molecular switches have attracted much attention because of their unique stimulus response behavior and advanced applications. However, precise regulation of the structure for property enrichment is still a great challenge. Herein, the first case of a single‐molecule switch BN‐S with multiple structurally tunable and full‐color fluorescent properties is reported. Interestingly, BN‐S exhibits a butterfly‐like “metamorphosis” crystal growth process accompanied by full‐color fluorescence emission (including white light, CIE = 0.33, 0.33; 456 nm → 610 nm). It is shown that this is related to the reversible B←N bonding and the tunability of the spatial structure of the BN‐S. Thus, BN‐S exhibits superior multicolor tunability in different states (solid, liquid, and film), and its applications in white‐light optical light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and multicolor fluorescent inks also show great promise. This will provide a new strategy for designing and synthesizing the development of multifunctional molecular switching materials and enriching the variety of organoboron luminescent materials.
A New Strategy to Inhibit Scar Formation by Accelerating Normal Healing Using Silicate Bioactive Materials
Authors: Zhang Zhaowenbin , Fan Chen , Xu Qing , Guo Feng , Li Wenbo , Zeng Zhen , Xu Yuze , Yu Jing , Ge Hongping , Yang Chen , Chang Jiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInspired by the scar‐free wound healing in infants, an anti‐scar strategy is proposed by accelerating wound healing using silicate bioactive materials. Bioglass/alginate composite hydrogels are applied, which significantly inhibit scar formation in rabbit ear scar models. The underlining mechanisms include stimulation of Integrin Subunit Alpha 2 expression in dermal fibroblasts to accelerate wound healing, and induction of apoptosis of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by directly stimulating the N‐Acylsphingosine Amidohydrolase 2 expression in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts, and indirectly upregulating the secretion of Cathepsin K in dermal fibroblasts. Considering specific functions of the bioactive silicate materials, two scar treatment regimes are tested. For severe scars, a regenerative intervention is applied by surgical removal of the scar followed by the treatment with bioactive hydrogels to reduce the formation of scars by activating dermal fibroblasts. For mild scars, the bioactive dressing is applied on the formed scar and reduces scar by inducing scar fibroblasts apoptosis.
Alfalfa potassium and phosphorus uptake and use efficiencies as impacted by irrigation technology, deficit irrigation, and alfalfa cultivar
Authors: Boren Dakota , Sullivan Tina , Crookston Bradley S. , Yost Matt , Cardon Grant , Creech Joseph 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs competition for limited water resources in the western United States and other arid and semiarid regions intensifies, there is a need to provide alfalfa (Medicago sativa) growers with knowledge of how water‐optimizing practices impact alfalfa nutrient use. The objective of this research was to evaluate how three water management strategies, and their interactions, influence alfalfa K and P concentration, uptake, uptake efficiency, and internal use efficiency. Alfalfa cultivars, deficit irrigation, and irrigation technologies were tested at two sites in Utah during 2020–2021. A single drought‐tolerant (DT) cultivar (‘Ladak II’) was compared to a conventional alfalfa cultivar specific to each location. Four irrigation rates (100%, uniform reductions of 25% and 50%, and a targeted reduction of ∼50%) were nested within five pivot irrigation technologies. Few alfalfa K and P nutrient dynamics responded to the interactions of cultivar and rate or technology. Nutrient responses to the irrigation technologies were strongly associated with the technology effect on alfalfa yield such that uptake efficiency was sometimes greater with low‐elevation sprinkler technologies. The K and P responses to deficit irrigation were most pronounced at the uniform or targeted 50% irrigation rate. Alfalfa cultivar had the least impact on alfalfa K and P dynamics, and the DT cultivar never improved uptake or efficiencies. These results indicate that few adjustments in K and P management may be needed with the three water optimization approaches evaluated in this study. The most notable is that K and P fertilizer input can likely be reduced with severe deficit irrigation.
Improvements in maize N recommendations decreased carbon dioxide equivalence without sacrificing yield
Authors: Bhattarai Dwarika , Clay Sharon A. , Nleya Thandiwe , Clark Jason D. , Clay David E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlobally, agricultural scientists are challenged with creating, testing, and validating climate‐smart nutrient strategies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions while increasing food security. This study determined maize (Zea mays L.) N recommendations and bias for N‐rate studies conducted in South Dakota using models created for western Minnesota, Iowa, Eastern North Dakota, Nebraska, and South Dakota. From 2019 to 2021, 16 N rate studies were conducted in long‐term no‐tillage (>6 years) fields located in South Dakota. In the randomized block replicated study, the soils were mollisols that were derived in a semi‐arid frigid environment. The economic optimum N rates were calculated using four fertilizer‐to‐maize grain price ratios (4.11, 5.48, 6.85, and 8.23 [$ (kg N)−1] [$ (kg grain)−1]−1). Analysis showed that reducing the yield goal coefficient used in the South Dakota model from 21.4 to 17.9 kg N (Mg grain)−1 reduced the recommended N rate but did not reduce yield. The reduced yield goal coefficient that considered the fertilizer‐to‐maize price ratio also reduced model root mean square error (RMSE), bias, and the estimated partial carbon dioxide equivalence (CO2e) by at least 18%. Nitrogen recommendation models developed for western Minnesota, Iowa, and South Dakota had similar RMSE, bias, and fertilizer recommendations, and adjusting the recommendation based on expected fertilizer cost and maize selling price improved accuracy. This study suggests that yield was not sacrificed by reducing the coefficients from 21.4 to 17.9 kg N (Mg grain)−1 and that recommendations are improved by considering the fertilizer‐to‐maize grain price ratio.
Effect of cotton seed size and seeding density on cotton growth, development, and yield
Authors: Hall Steven , Pieralisi Brian , Dodds Darrin , Raper Tyson , Crow Whitney , Catchot Angus , Irby John , Sharma Ramandeep Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInterest in cotton seed size and seeding density exists due to increased seeding cost and overall decreased seed size of cotton varieties. An experiment was conducted in 2019 and 2020 in Jackson, TN, Starkville, MS, and Brooksville, MS, to determine the impact of seed size, seeding density, and variety on cotton plant development and yield. Early‐season seedling vigor was impacted by seeding density and seed size. Larger seeds and higher seeding densities produced the greatest seedling vigor. Fresh weight biomass was also impacted by seed size, as larger seed produced greater fresh and dry cotton plant biomass when pooled over seeding density and variety. The greatest seed cotton yields were obtained from planting larger seed, higher seeding densities, and from ‘DP 1646 B2XF’. Cotton variety and seeding density influenced financial returns and fiber quality. ‘NexGen 3406 B2XF’ planted at 148,200 seeds ha−1 resulted in the lowest micronaire. Net returns were not influenced by seed size or seeding density; therefore, depending on seed costs, increasing seeding densities may not be beneficial.
Parenting Stress Index in Caregivers of Individuals With Noonan Syndrome
Authors: Perri Lucrezia , Viscogliosi Germana , Trevisan Valentina , Brogna Claudia , Chieffo Daniela Pia Rosaria , Contaldo Ilaria , Alfieri Paolo , Lentini Nicolo’ , Pastorino Roberta , Zampino Giuseppe , Leoni Chiara 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMedical professionals frequently underestimate stress level of parents/caregivers of patients with rare disorders as RASopathies, the latter might experience elevated stress levels, with their own health frequently overlooked despite significant responsibilities and hurdles encountered. The aim of this study is to assess the stress experienced by parents of individuals with Noonan syndrome and related conditions. Forty‐eight parents (20 fathers; 28 mothers), among the 31 recruited families, completed the Italian version of the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form. Our study shows abnormally elevated scores (≥ 85° percentile) in 35.4% of parents. Data retrieved from subscales reveal a perception of a difficult child in 25% of cases, a dysfunctional parental‐child interaction in 20.8%, a general parental distress in 10.4% of cases, and an elevated overall stress in 18.8% of parents. Questionnaires as the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form are valuable tools to evaluate stress in parents/caregivers of children with RASopathies. Evaluation by professionals is fundamental to support parents and caregivers in managing stressors and to enhance their quality of life and relationships. To prevent stress escalation and parents' burnout, an early assessment to tailor a timely treatment should be introduced as soon as possible as good clinical practice.
Causal Relationship Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Li Weilin , He Xiaoyu , Tan Chao , Zhang Tao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPatients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often accompanied by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in observational research; however, the potential causal link between the two conditions remains unknown. In this study, we used a two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to assess the causal relationship between ASD and IBD and its main subtypes, Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). Independent genetic instruments from a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for IBD (25,042 cases and 34,915 controls) were used to investigate the association of IBD with ASD data obtained from the PGC and the iPSYCH consortia (N = 46,351). The primary analysis employed the random effects inverse variance weighting (IVW) method. Horizontal pleiotropy was detected using the MR Egger regression and the MR‐pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR‐PRESSO) analysis while heterogeneity was detected using Cochran's Q. The IVW method indicated a positive causal relationship of IBD with ASD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.028, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.001–1.056, p = 0.042). In subtype analyses, CD was positively related to ASD (OR = 1.036; 95% CI = 1.004–1.069; p = 0.02); however, UC showed no relationship (OR = 1.021; 95% CI = 0.999–1.044; p = 0.065). In contrast, no evidence of a causal relationship between ASD and IBD or its subtypes (p > 0.05) was found. Our findings provided evidence in support of potential causal associations between IBD/CD and ASD.
Development of a FUT8 Inhibitor with Cellular Inhibitory Properties
Authors: Manabe Yoshiyuki , Takebe Tomoyuki , Kasahara Satomi , Hizume Koki , Kabayama Kazuya , Kamada Yoshihiro , Asakura Akiko , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Takamatsu Shinji , Miyoshi Eiji , García‐García Ana , Vakhrushev Sergey Y. , Hurtado‐Guerrero Ramón , Fukase Koichi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCore fucosylation is catalyzed by α‐1,6‐fucosyltransferase (FUT8), which fucosylates the innermost GlcNAc of N‐glycans. Given the association of FUT8 with various diseases, including cancer, selective FUT8 inhibitors applicable to in vivo or cell‐based systems are highly sought‐after. Herein, we report the discovery of a compound that selectively inhibits FUT8 in cell‐based assays. High‐throughput screening revealed a FUT8‐inhibiting pharmacophore, and further structural optimization yielded an inhibitor with a KD value of 49 nM. Notably, this binding occurs only in the presence of GDP (a product of the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by FUT8). Mechanistic studies suggested that this inhibitor generates a highly reactive naphthoquinone methide derivative at the binding site in FUT8, which subsequently reacts with FUT8. Furthermore, prodrug derivatization of this inhibitor improved its stability, enabling suppression of core fucose expression and subsequent EGFR and T‐cell signaling in cell‐based assays, paving the way for the development of drugs targeting core fucosylation.
Designing a Refined Multi‐Structural Polymer Electrolyte Framework for Highly Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Ma Weiting , Cui Xiurui , Chen Yong , Wan Shuang , Zhao Shunshun , Gong Jiajun , Wang Guoxiu , Chen Shimou 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRational structural designs of solid polymer electrolytes featuring rich interface‐phase morphologies can improve electrolyte connection and rapid ion transport. However, these rigid interfacial structures commonly result in diminished or entirely inert ionic conductivity within their bulk phase, compromising overall electrolyte performance. Herein, a multi‐component ion‐conductive electrolyte was successfully designed based on a refined multi‐structural polymer electrolyte (RMSPE) framework with uniform Li+ solvation chemistry and rapid Li+ transporting kinetics. The RMSPE framework is constructed via polymerization‐induced phase separation based on a rational combination of lithiophilic components and rigid/flexible chain units with significant hydrophobic/hydrophilic contrasts. Further refined by coating a robust polymer network, this all‐organic design endows a homogeneous micro‐nano porous structure, providing a novel framework favorable for rapid ion transport in both its soft interfacial and bulk phases. The RMSPE exhibited excellent ion conductivity of 1.91 mS cm−1 at room temperature and a high Li+ transference number of 0.7. Assembled symmetrical Li cells realized stable cycling for over 2400 h at 3.0 mA cm−2. LiFePO4 full batteries demonstrated a long lifespan of 3300 cycles with a capacity retention of 93.5 % and stable cycling performance at −35 °C. This innovative design concept offers a promising perspective for achieving high‐performance polymer‐based Li metal batteries.
Non‐Ionic Fluorosurfactants for Droplet‐Based in vivo Applications
Authors: van de Wouw Heidi L. , Yen Shuo‐Ting , Valet Manon , Garcia Joseph A. , Gomez Carlos O. , Vian Antoine , Liu Yucen , Pollock Jennifer , Pospíšil Petr , Campàs Otger , Sletten Ellen M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFluorocarbon oils are uniquely suited for many biomedical applications due to their inert, bioorthogonal properties. In order to interface fluorocarbon oils with biological systems, non‐ionic fluorosurfactants are necessary. However, there is a paucity of non‐ionic fluorosurfactants with low interfacial tension (IFT) to stabilize fluorocarbon phases in aqueous environments (such as oil‐in‐water emulsions). We developed non‐ionic fluorosurfactants composed of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) segment covalently bonded to a flexible perfluoropolyether (PFPE) segment that confer low IFTs between a fluorocarbon oil (HFE‐7700) and water. The synthesis of a panel of surfactants spanning a molecular weight range of 0.64–66 kDa with various hydrophilic‐lipophilic balances allowed for identification of minimal IFTs, ranging from 1.4 to 17.8 mN m−1. The majority of these custom fluorosurfactants display poor solubility in water, allowing their co‐introduction with fluorocarbon oils and minimal leaching. We applied the PEG5PFPE1 surfactant for mechanical force measurements in zebrafish, enabling exceptional sensitivity.
Symmetrical 2,7‐disubstituted 9H‐fluoren‐9‐one as a novel and promising scaffold for selective targeting of SIRT2
Authors: Kaya Selen Gozde , Eren Gokcen , Massarotti Alberto , Gunindi Habibe Beyza , Bakar‐Ates Filiz , Ozkan Erva 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSirtuin 2 (SIRT2) belongs to the family of silent information regulators (sirtuins), which comprises nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)‐dependent protein lysine deacetylases. With a distribution across numerous tissues and organs of the human body, SIRT2 is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, such as regulating the cell cycle, energy metabolism, DNA repair, and tumorigenesis. Aberrant expression of SIRT2 has been closely associated with particular etiologies of human diseases, positioning SIRT2 as a promising therapeutic target. Herein, we detail the design overview and findings of novel symmetrical 2,7‐disubstituted 9H‐fluoren‐9‐one derivatives targeting SIRT2. SG3 displayed the most potent SIRT2‐selective inhibitory profile, with an IC50 value of 1.95 , and reduced the cell viability of human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells accompanied by hyperacetylation of α‐tubulin. Finally, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and binding free energy calculations using molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area method were performed to verify the binding ability of SG3 to SIRT2. Taken together, these results could enhance our understanding of the structural elements necessary for inhibiting SIRT2 and shed light on the mechanism of inhibition.
Diurnal asymmetry of surface albedo in a semi‐arid grassland over the China's Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhu Di , Bi Jianrong , Wang Xiting , Meng Zhaozhao , Shi Jinsen , Li Oufan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn current land surface models or satellite remote sensing retrievals, clear‐sky surface albedo (α) is usually assumed to be symmetrical and relies only on the solar elevation angle (SEA). Based on 1‐min high‐resolution measurements of surface radiation fluxes, this study demonstrated that the diurnal variations of clear‐sky surface albedo exhibited a significant asymmetrical pattern in both summer and winter seasons over a semi‐arid grassland of the China's Loess Plateau. The results indicated that α values in the morning were generally larger than those in the afternoon at the same SEA, and diurnal asymmetry of surface albedo was distinctly prominent with SEA <40° in summer (before 9:30 a.m.) or SEA <20° in winter (before 10:00 am), and tended to diminish at midday. The averaged morning/afternoon albedo differences under sunny days were 0.05 (30.4%) and 0.09 (37.8%) in summer and winter seasons, respectively. Air relative humidity was positively correlated with the diurnal asymmetry of surface albedo, ascribed to probable formation of dew in the morning. Depression of the dew point was negatively linked to the morning/afternoon albedo differences, which was attributed to the strong scattering of incident sunlight by dewdrops could enhance the morning surface albedo. Such diurnal asymmetry of surface albedo should be included in the parameterization scheme of mesoscale and region‐scale climate models in the semi‐arid areas of China's Loess Plateau.
Phytochemical Profiling and Bioactive Properties of Essential Oils from Endemic Palestinian Satureja thymbrifolia
Authors: Jaradat Nidal , Hawash Mohammed , Al‐Maharik Nawaf , Qadi Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite several studies on the Satureja L. genus, the chemical composition and biological activities of the traditional medicinal plant Satureja thymbrifolia (White Thyme), a Palestinian endemic species, are still unknown. It grows in arid regions and is used by Bedouins as a traditional medicinal herb. This study aimed to investigate S. thymbrifolia essential oils (EOs), mainly from its phytochemical pattern and biological properties. The GC‐MS study identified p‐cymene (48.53 %) and thymol (23.27 %) as the leading EOs components. Compared to Trolox, the EOs showed potential anti‐DPPH free radical activity and had broad‐spectrum antimicrobial potentials, with MIC values ranging from 0.13±0.05 to 25±0.00 μL/mL. They were most effective against Candida albicans species. The S. thymbrifolia EOs most effectively eliminated cancer cells when tested against CaCo‐2 and HeLa cell lines (IC50 values of 192.15±2.47 and 194.80±1.87 μg/mL, respectively). The present investigation is the first documented study of S. thymbrifolia EOs’ phytochemical composition and bioactivities. The results revealed that S. thymbrifolia EOs have potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic effects. These outcomes emphasized S. thymbrifolia EO's potential dietary, pharmacological, and cosmetic applications.
In Situ Built ZnS/MXene Heterostructure by a Mild Method for Inhibiting Polysulfide Shuttle in Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Liu Ruyan , Zhang Jiudi , Liu Siyu , Wang Xinyang , Qi Min , Dai Binting , Wang Yali , Ma Lin , Li Junjie , Yang Jinzheng , Jin Zhanshuang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith high specific surface area, excellent polysulfide conversion activity, and fast electron/ion transfer at the interface, MXene‐derived heterostructures can be employed as catalysts for lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries to accelerate sulfur redox kinetics and suppress shuttle effect. However, the preparation of MXene‐derived heterostructures often requires high‐temperature reactions, which can easily lead to the oxidation of MXene and sacrifice the electrical conductivity. Herein, a catalytic two‐dimensional heterostructure (ZnS/MXene) was successfully synthesized via a mild method. The MXene skeleton retains the original nanosheet structure without oxidation. The in situ‐grown ZnS nanospheres prevent the restacking of MXene nanosheets, which not only increases the active sites, but also guarantees channels for the fast passage of lithium ions. The interfacial built‐in electric field further promotes electron/ion migration, thereby expediting the polysulfide conversion and suppressing the shuttle effect. Consequently, the batteries using ZnS/MXene modified separators exhibit a high initial discharge capacity of 1230 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and a low decaying rate of 0.082 % per cycle after 500 cycles at 0.5 C. This work offers a reference for the fabrication of MXene‐based heterostructure in Li−S batteries.
Chlorinated Polythiophene‐Based Donors with Reduced Energy Loss for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Huixue , Ren Junzhen , Ma Lijiao , Chen Zhihao , Yu Yue , Wang Jianqiu , Zhang Shaoqing 
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive SummaryThe industrialization of organic solar cells (OSCs) faces challenges due to complex synthesis routes and high costs of organic photovoltaic materials. To address this, we designed and synthesized a series of polythiophene‐based donor materials, PTVT‐T‐xCl (20%Cl, 50%Cl and 100%Cl), by introducing different degrees of chlorine substitution within their conjugated skeletons. The incorporation of chlorine atoms does not change the planar conformation of the conjugated main chain of the control polymer, PTVT‐T, but effectively reduces their HOMO energy levels (≤ –5.3 eV) and alters the crystallinity of the polymers. In addition, when preparing OSC by blending with non‐fused electron acceptor A4T‐16, the non‐radiative energy loss of the three photovoltaic devices gradually decreased with the increase of chlorine content (0.343, 0.278 and 0.189 eV, respectively). Notably, PTVT‐T‐20%Cl exhibited a more moderate nanoscale phase separation with the acceptor, leading to efficient exciton dissociation, lower bimolecular recombination, and thus a favorable current in the OSCs. Consequently, the photovoltaic device based on PTVT‐T‐20%Cl:A4T‐16 achieved a remarkable photovoltaic efficiency of 11.8%. In addition, the PTVT‐T‐xCl series polymers show much lower material‐only‐cost (MOC) values than the other reported photoactive material systems. This work provides the way for the development of low‐cost photovoltaic materials and the industrial application of OSC, overcoming previous limitations posed by high energy losses in polythiophene‐based donors.