bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal experiences with ethanol intoxication modify respiratory and thermoregulatory plasticity and affect subsequent ethanol intake in rats
Authors: Acevedo María Belén , Macchione Ana Fabiola , Anunziata Florencia , Haymal Olga Beatriz , Molina Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDifferent studies have focused on the deleterious consequences of binge‐like or chronic exposure to ethanol during the brain growth spurt period (third human gestational trimester) that in the rat corresponds to postnatal days (PDs) 3–10. The present study analyzed behavioral and physiological disruptions caused by relatively brief binge‐like exposures (PDs 3, 5, and 7) with an ethanol dose lower (3.0 g/kg) than those frequently employed to examine teratological effects during this stage in development. At PD 9, pups were exposed to ethanol doses ranging between .0–3.0 g/kg and tested in terms of breathing patterns and thermoregulation. At PDs 11 and 12, ethanol intake was examined. The main findings were as follows: i) pre‐exposure to the drug resulted in brief depressions in breathing frequencies and an exacerbated predisposition toward apneic episodes; ii) these effects were not dependent upon thermoregulatory alterations; iii) early ethanol treatment increased initial consumption of the drug which also caused a marked hypothermia that appeared to regulate a subsequent decrement in ethanol consumption; and iv) ethanol exposure retarded overall body growth and even one exposure to the drug (PD 9) was sufficient to reduce brain weights although there were no indications of microcephaly. In conjunction with studies performed during the late gestational period in the rat, the results indicate that relatively brief binge‐like episodes during a critical window of brain vulnerability disrupts the respiratory network and exacerbates initial acceptance of the drug. In addition, ethanol treatments were not found to induce tolerance relative to respiratory and thermal disruptions.
Response to Professor John Hall's discussion of Hardyniec and Charney's paper, ‘An investigation into the effects of damping and nonlinear geometry models in earthquake engineering analysis’
Authors: Hardyniec Andrew , Charney Finley 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe discussion presents questions regarding the recommended damping scheme from the discussed paper and provides an alternative recommendation. The discussion also requests further explanation on behavioral differences between models incorporating the P‐delta and corotational approaches that are presented in the paper. Responses to these questions are presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic contamination in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings at United States and binational Great Lakes Areas of Concern
Authors: Custer Thomas W. , Custer Christine M. , Dummer Paul M. , Goldberg Diana , Franson J. Christian , Erickson Richard A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Contaminant exposure of tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, nesting in 27 Areas of Concern (AOCs) in the Great Lakes basin was assessed from 2010 to 2014 to assist managers and regulators in their assessments of Great Lakes AOCs. Contaminant concentrations in nestlings from AOCs were compared with those in nestlings from nearby non-AOC sites. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in tree swallow nestling carcasses at 30% and 33% of AOCs, respectively, were below the mean concentration for non-AOCs. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in nestling stomach contents and perfluorinated compound concentrations in nestling plasma at 67% and 64% of AOCs, respectively, were below the mean concentration for non-AOCs. Concentrations of PCBs in nestling carcasses were elevated at some AOCs but modest compared with highly PCB-contaminated sites where reproductive effects have been documented. Concentrations of PAHs in diet were sufficiently elevated at some AOCs to elicit a measurable physiological response. Among AOCs, concentrations of the perfluorinated compound perfluorooctane sulfonate in plasma were the highest on the River Raisin (MI, USA; geometric mean 330 ng/mL) but well below an estimated toxicity reference value (1700 ng/mL). Both PAH and PCB concentrations in nestling stomach contents and PCBs in carcasses were significantly correlated with concentrations in sediment previously reported, thereby reinforcing the utility of tree swallows to assess bioavailability of sediment contamination. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:735–748. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Novel D2D resource partitioning and allocation schemes for SC‐FDMA‐based public safety systems
Authors: Park Seung‐Hoon , Kim Jun Suk , Gu Jaheon , Chung Min Young 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDevice‐to‐device (D2D) communication is essential for the provision of the broadcasting service for public safety (PS) terminals in out‐of‐network coverage. A sensing‐based resource‐allocation scheme is desirable, rather than a random approach, for next‐generation, PS systems, so that higher data rates and a massive connectivity can be supported. The half‐duplex and resource collisions are the main design constraints, especially for the single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC‐FDMA)‐based D2D broadcast system. A novel resource‐allocation scheme is proposed in this paper, whereby the resource partitions are managed adaptively based on sensing results. The system‐level evaluation and analysis results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves upon the overall network performance of the conventional scheme, especially with respect to the resource‐collision rate and the throughput. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the effects of Eucalyptus plantations and management on water resources at plot and catchment scales
Authors: Almeida Auro C. , Smethurst Philip J. , Siggins Anders , Cavalcante Rosane B. L. , Borges Norton 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOur aim was to quantify the effects of forest plantation and management (clear cut or 30% partial harvest) in relation to pasture, on catchment discharge in southeast Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. A paired‐catchment approach was implemented in two regions (Eldorado do Sul and São Gabriel municipalities) where discharge was measured for 4 years at three catchments in each region, two of which were predominantly eucalypt plantation (mainly Eucalyptus saligna, rotation of approximately 7–9 years) with native forest and grass in streamside zones. The third catchment was covered with grazed pasture. Weather, soils, canopy interception, groundwater level, tree growth, and leaf area index were also measured.The 3‐PG process‐based forest productivity model was adapted to predict spatial daily plantation and pasture water balance including precipitation interception, soil evaporation, transpiration, soil moisture, drainage, discharge, and monthly plantation growth. The TOPMODEL framework was used to simulate water pools and fluxes in the catchments.Discharge was higher under pasture than pre‐harvesting plantation and increased for 1–2 years after complete plantation harvest; this change was less pronounced in the catchments under partial harvest. The ratio of discharge to precipitation before harvesting varied from 7% to 13% in the eucalypt catchments and 28% to 29% under pasture. The ratio increases to 23–24% after total harvest, and to 17% after partial harvesting. The ratio under pasture also increases during this period (to 32–44%) owing to increased precipitation. The baseflow, in relation to total discharge, varied from 28% to 62% under Eucalyptus and from 38% to 43% in the pasture catchments. Hence, eucalypt plantations in these regions can be expected to influence discharge regimes when compared with pasture land use, and modelling suggests that partial harvesting would moderate the magnitude of discharge variation compared with a full catchment plantation harvesting. The model efficiency coefficient (Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient) varied from 0.665 to 0.799 for the total period of the study. Simulation of alternative harvesting scenarios suggested that at least 20% of the catchment planted area must be harvested to increase discharge. This model could be a useful practical tool in various plantation forestry contexts around the world. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Baseline Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Is Not Associated with Gait Decline After Five Years
Authors: van der Holst Helena M. , van Uden Ingeborg W.M. , de Laat Karlijn F. , van Leijsen Esther M.C. , van Norden Anouk G.W. , Norris David G. , van Dijk Ewoud J. , Tuladhar Anil M. , de Leeuw Frank‐Erik 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundCerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is cross‐sectionally associated with gait disturbances, however, the relation between baseline SVD and gait decline over time is uncertain. Furthermore, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies on gait decline are currently lacking.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between baseline imaging SVD markers and gait decline.MethodsIn 2006, 310 participants from the RUN DMC cohort, a prospective cohort with older adults aged 50–85 years with SVD, were included. Gait variables were assessed using a computerized walkway during baseline and follow‐up. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the relation between imaging measures and gait decline and incident gait impairment (speed ≤ 1.0 m/s). Tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to identify possible differences in DTI measures of white matter tracts between participants with and without incident gait impairment.ResultsMean age was 63.3 years (SD: 8.4) and mean follow‐up duration 5.4 years (SD: 0.2). No significant associations between imaging measures and gait decline were found. TBSS analysis revealed no significant differences in DTI measures between participants with and without incident gait impairment after additional adjustment for SVD. In sub‐analyses, a high total WMH volume (OR: 2.8 for highest quartile, 95% CI: 1.1–7.1) and high infratentorial WMH volume (OR: 1.8 per SD increase, 95% CI: 1.1–2.9) were associated with an increased 5‐year risk of gait impairment, although this was not significant after correction for multiple testing.ConclusionBaseline imaging SVD markers were not associated with gait decline or incident gait impairment after 5 years. Future studies should investigate if SVD progression is related to gait deterioration.
Sliding threshold of spike‐rate dependent plasticity of a semiconducting polymer/electrolyte cell
Authors: Dong Wenshuai , Zeng Fei , Hu Yuandong , Chang Chiating , Li Xiaojun , Pan Feng , Li Guoqi 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTSpike‐rate dependent plasticity, one of the conventional learning protocols in neuroscience, has been achieved in semiconducting polymer/electrolyte cells. The frequency threshold θm of spike‐rate dependent plasticity is sliding in requirement of stability. In this work, various prior signal inputs are applied to poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)−1,4‐phenylenevinylene]/polyethylene oxide ‐Nd3+ cells to explore their effects on θm.The study find that a prior inhibitory input, i.e., a weak stimulation, moves θm in the low frequency direction, while a prior excitatory input, i.e., an intensive stimulation, moves θm in the high frequency direction. Our results demonstrate the adaptivity of ionic kinetics in macromolecules systems for signal handling and learning. We suggest that a sliding threshold is due to the variable active ionic domains depending on stimulation strength and history. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 2412–2417
Self‐aspiration sampling extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI‐MS) for high‐throughput analysis of liquid samples
Authors: Jia Bin , Zhang Shuai , Yan Ling , He Shoubo , Liu Baohong , Shen Huali , Yang Pengyuan 
Published: August 2016

RationaleExtractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI‐MS) was invented as a typical ambient mass spectrometry method (AMS) and has been used for analyzing complex liquid samples. Here, we designed a Venturi effect‐based self‐aspiration sampling device and applied it to the EESI‐MS for high‐throughput analysis of liquid sample.MethodsA special concentric nebulizer was designed and employed to produce a suction force for the direct aspiration of liquid samples, followed by ionization and detection. This sample aspiration process was explained and optimized using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Experiment data were recorded to exhibit the sensitivity, memory effect, inter‐day reproducibility, throughput, and applicability of the self‐aspiration sampling EESI‐MS.ResultsThe limit of detection (LOD) of this method was determined as 4.5 × 10−10 g/mL (S/N = 3) for caffeine, and the sample throughput and relative standard deviation (RSD) for full scan mode can reach 0.67 samples/s and 4.76%, respectively. Even for MS/MS mode, the frequency can still be kept at 0.4 samples/s (RSD = 4.71%). Inter‐day RSD examined in 1 week was below 10% for the signal of characteristic fragment ions of reserpine. Moreover, based on this method, the amount of caffeine in instant coffee was determined as 4.7%. This device was also proven to be suitable for the protein/peptide analysis.ConclusionsThese experiment results, especially the amazing results on sample throughput and inter‐day RSD, suggest that we provide a valuable device which can be used for the direct high‐throughput qualitative/quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of real liquid samples in ambient. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studying mass spectrometric behaviors of {Au6Ag2(C)[PPh2(4‐CH3‐Py)]6}(BF4)4 and {Au8[(PPh3)2O]3(PPh3)2}(NO3)2 by electrospray time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Su Hai‐Feng , Yang Jing (Jeanne) , Chen Ying , Lin Shui‐Chao , Zheng Lan‐Sun 
Published: August 2016

RationaleMass spectrometry (MS) has been recognized as a powerful technique to detect accurate chemical information about metal clusters. Maintaining metal clusters intact, which is a great challenge in MS analysis, was achieved in this work by choosing a suitable mass analyzer and carefully optimizing analysis parameters.MethodsElectrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI‐TOF‐MS) and electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI‐IT‐MS) were applied to characterize the synthesized ligand‐protected metal clusters [Au6Ag2(C)(L1)6](BF4)4 (L1 = 2‐diphenylphosphanyl‐4‐methylpyridine) (1) and [Au8(L2)3(L3)2](NO3)2 (L2 = bis(2‐diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether, L3 = triphenyl‐phosphane) (2). Three kinds of buffer gas (helium, mass: 2; nitrogen, mass: 28; argon, mass: 40) and various radiofrequency (RF) amplitudes (from 70 to 330) were chosen to study the fragmentation rate during the “collision cooling” process in the ion trap analyzer.ResultsIn the ESI‐TOF‐MS analysis, metal clusters 1 and 2 were mainly observed as intact clusters, which were Au6Ag2(C)(L1)6(BF4)22+, Au6Ag2(C)(L1)6(BF4)3+, Au6Ag2(C)(L1)64+ for 1 and Au8(L2)3(L3)22+ for 2. While, in the ESI‐IT‐MS analysis, only fragments could be found, such as Au6Ag(C)(L1)6(BF4)2+, Au6(C)(L1)62+, Au5Ag(C)(L1)42+, Au6Ag(C)(L1)63+, Au(L1)+ for 1 and Au8(L2)3(L3)2+, Au8(L2)32+, Au6(L2)32+ for 2. It is obvious that the two kinds of mass analyzers caused different MS behaviors of metal clusters. In the ion trap (IT) mass analyzer, particularly, “collision cooling” was contributing to further dissociation of fragile compounds, in which a higher RF amplitude and a larger mass buffer gas led to more fragmentation.ConclusionIn this work, intact metal clusters were obtained in ESI‐TOF‐MS, instead of ESI‐IT‐MS, in which the “collision cooling” process caused more cluster dissociation. It was concluded that the analyzer in ESI‐TOF‐MS is “softer” than that in ESI‐IT‐MS for metal clusters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peptide codes for multiple protease activity assay via high‐resolution mass spectrometric quantitation
Authors: Hu Junjie , Liu Fei , Feng Nan , Ju Huangxian 
Published: August 2016

RationaleProteases, which are involved in a number of biological processes, play important roles in human health. Alterations in protease activities have been associated with many diseases. Thus, effective methods for multiple protease assay are very essential and may help to discover more about their functions in different physiological processes. Here, we proposed a strategy of peptide codes for label‐free analysis of multiple protease activities using high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).MethodsThe peptide codes were designed to contain a coding region and the substrate of the protease, respectively. Upon the cleavage of target proteases, the coding regions could be rapidly identified and directly quantitated by accurate m/z extractions without internal standard. Therefore, the coding region could be used as the unique “Protease ID” for the identification of the corresponding protease, and the amount of the cleavage product was used for protease activity analysis.ResultsThe method was validated by using trypsin and chymotrypsin as model proteases, with the designed “Trypsin ID” and “Chymotrypsin ID” occurring at m/z 761.270 and 711.243, respectively. The peak area of “Protease ID” was proportional to trypsin and chymotrypsin concentration in the range from 0.01 to 10 nM and 10 to 2000 nM, respectively. The proposed method could also be used for screening of protease inhibitors, which might be of great importance for drug discovery.ConclusionsThis method provided a label‐free and accurate quantitative platform for convenient identification and activity analysis of multiple proteases, which could potentially be applied in clinical diagnosis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the lithiated leucosceptroids from Leucosceptrum canum to facilitate their identification and differentiation by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ma Feng‐Wei , Xia Bing , Luo Shi‐Hong , Li Sheng‐Hong , Zhou Yan 
Published: August 2016

RationaleLeucosceptroids, isolated from Leucosceptrum canum (L. canum), are sesterterpenoids with novel molecular scaffolds which possess potent antifeedant activities. Their molecular scaffolds comprise a 5,6,5‐framework with a great diversity due to different hydroxylation and substituent positions. The biological activities of leucosceptroids are affected by the subtle structural differences. The structural characterization and differentiation of the leucosceptroid isomers are of great importance.MethodsFirstly, different kinds of cation adducts of leucosceptroids were examined by adding alkali metal ions to the solution, and the lithiated adducts of leucosceptroid were found to be readily formed and yielded characteristic fragment ions under collision‐induced dissociation (CID). Then, a systematic mass spectrometric investigation of the [M + Li]+ ions was carried out to clarify their characteristic fragment pathways by electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight‐type tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS). The proposed fragmentation pathways were confirmed through ion trap ESI‐MSn (n ≥ 3) spectra. Finally, the proposed MS/MS method was applied to investigate the extracts of L. canum.ResultsA specific fragmentation pathway of the lithiated adduct, which leads to the production of diagnostic ions of leucosceptroids, was observed. This fragmentation is initiated by cleavage of the C‐ring and leads to formation of two types of ions by further dissociation. Both pathways could yield characteristic fragment ions, which could be used to define the substituents at the skeletal structure and at the C‐ring. The representative characteristic fragmentations of [M + Li]+ ions and the proposed fragmentation pathways were successfully adopted to investigate the L. canum extracts, and a total of eleven leucosceptroids were identified or tentatively characterized.ConclusionsThe characteristic fragmentation pathways of [M + Li]+ species of leucosceptroid isomers were proposed. Three types of leucosceptroid isomers were successfully differentiated. Eleven leucosceptroids were characterized from L. canum extracts. The fragmentation knowledge will facilitate the analysis of leucosceptroids and other sesterterpenoids in future research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of the interactions between bisphenol analogues and serum albumins by electrospray mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Luo Huangshi , Li Chunya , Fang Huaifang , Wang Xian 
Published: August 2016

RationaleBisphenol A and its alternatives are widely used in common consumer products and are known as environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals. Five bisphenol analogues, namely, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA), 4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol (BPS), bisphenol A (BPA) and 4,4′‐hexafluoroisopropylidenediphenol (BPAF), were selected to study their interactions with serum albumins, aiming at a better understanding of the toxicological mechanisms of bisphenol compounds.MethodsThe interactions between human and bovine serum albumins (HSA and BSA) with these five compounds were investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking confirmed the ESI‐MS observations and provided complementary information with respect to thermodynamic properties and binding modes.ResultsTBBPA showed the highest binding ability with HSA and BSA, followed by TBBPA and BPS, whereas BPA and BPAF exhibited little or no binding with these serum albumins. The calculated thermodynamic parameters suggested that hydrogen bonds and electrostatic forces played important roles for these interactions. Binding energies of TBBPA, TCBPA, and BPS calculated by molecular docking were −35.18, −34.39, and −25.89 kJ mol−1, respectively, in good agreement with ESI‐MS measurements.ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that halogenated substituents on the phenolic rings of bisphenol could enhance the binding ability with serum albumins. This work could provide useful information for further research on the relationship between molecular structures and toxicities of bisphenols. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.