Abstract 3865: Therapeutic activation of protein phosphatase 2A for the treatment of lung cancer
Authors: Sangodkar Jaya , Tohme Rita , Kiselar Janna , Izadmehr Sudeh , Hoon Divya , Mazhar Sahar , Perl Abbey , Wiredja Danica , Schlatzer Daniela , Yao Shen , Kastrinsky David , Sharma Neelesh , Brautigan David , Chance Mark , Borczuk Alain , Ohlmeyer Michael , Ioannou Yiannis , Narla Goutham 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
PP2A is a phosphatase tumor suppressor that is dysregulated and deactivated in lung cancer. It is one of the most abundant cellular proteins and regulates the activity of numerous kinases Where achievable, restoration of PP2A function inhibits cancer progression, and notably, by the inhibition of the downstream effectors of the oncogenic kinases that initiate and drive cancer progression. In this study, we determined PP2A inactivation in human lung cancer with specific molecular genotypes and we ascertained the biological and functional consequences of PP2A reactivation. In assessing a lung cancer TMA, we identified that PP2A inactivation was correlated with poor survival and was significantly higher in patients with Kras mutations. In order to understand the therapeutic potential of restoration of PP2A activity in KRAS mutant lung cancer, our lab developed a series of small molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs) through reverse engineering of tricyclic neuroleptic drugs. SMAP treatment of lung cancer cell lines resulted in an induction of apoptosis and decreased cell viability. Structural and biophysical studies have identified the site of drug binding and mechanism for PP2A activation by this small molecule series. Additionally, cell lines harboring drug-binding mutations were resistant to SMAP therapy as compared to wild type PP2A and EGFP control. Global phosphoproteomic analysis of SMAP treated KRAS lung cancer cell lines revealed ERK signaling as a commonly perturbed pathway in drug treated cell lines. Given the marked dephosphorylation of ERK upon treatment of cell lines with SMAPs, we overexpressed a constitutively active form of MEK (MEKDD) to blunt SMAP mediated ERK dephosphorylation to determine the relevance of ERK inactivation for the biological effects of SMAPs on cellular apoptosis. Overexpression of MEKDD resulted in a blunted apoptotic response to SMAP treatment. Single agent SMAP treatment of KRAS GEMM and xenograft mouse models of lung cancer resulted in tumor stasis, induction of tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest to comparable levels seen with a combination of AKT and MEK inhibitors. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis of the tumors demonstrated that SMAP treatment resulted in of ERK, AKT, and PP2A-Y307 dephosphorylation in vivo. Additionally, these compounds demonstrate favorable pharmacokinetics and show no overt toxicity. Furthermore, combination of SMAPs with kinase inhibitors further decreased tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, these findings point to therapeutic activation of PP2A as a novel strategy for the treatment of KRAS-mutant NSCLC.
Citation Format: Jaya Sangodkar, Rita Tohme, Janna Kiselar, Sudeh Izadmehr, Divya Hoon, Sahar Mazhar, Abbey Perl, Danica Wiredja, Daniela Schlatzer, Shen Yao, David Kastrinsky, Neelesh Sharma, David Brautigan, Mark Chance, Alain Borczuk, Michael Ohlmeyer, Yiannis Ioannou, Goutham Narla. Therapeutic activation of protein phosphatase 2A for the treatment of lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3865.