bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Surgical Treatment Option for Chronic Total Oculomotor Nerve Palsy: A Modified Technique for Medial Transposition of Split Lateral Rectus Muscle
Authors: Erbagci Ibrahim , Öner Veysi , Coskun Erol , Okumus Seydi 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:
To describe a new surgical modified procedure in patients with chronic total oculomotor nerve palsy and to evaluate the results of this procedure.

Methods:
Eight eyes of 6 consecutive patients who underwent strabismus surgery due to chronic total oculomotor nerve palsy were enrolled in the study. The lateral rectus muscle was split into two halves and disinserted from the sclera. The upper half of the muscle was passed under the superior rectus muscle and the inferior half of the muscle was passed under the inferior rectus muscle. The two halves of the muscle were moved to the medial rectus muscle insertion area and were sutured to sclera near the insertion. Additional medial rectus resections were made in the undercorrected patients.

Results:

The mean age was 21.8 ± 12.1 years (range: 11 to 42 years). Postoperatively, 4 of 6 patients had stable horizontal deviations; 1 had orthophoria, 2 had 10 prism diopters (PD) of exotropia, and 1 had 10 PD of esotropia. However, 2 cases had 25 and 30 PD of undercorrection. Additional medial rectus resections were made in these undercorrected patients and horizontal deviations reduced to 15 and 20 PD of exotropia, respectively. The mean primary position horizontal deviation, which was 74.1 ± 10.2 PD before the surgeries, reduced to 10.8 ± 6.6 PD after the surgeries (
P
< .001).

Conclusions:
The authors described a new and relatively simple modified surgical procedure for the treatment of chronic total ocular nerve palsy and reached satisfactory outcomes. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(3):150–154.]
The Degree of Anisocoria in Pediatric Patients With Horner Syndrome When Compared to Children Without Disease
Authors: Suh Sarah H. , Suh Donny W. , Benson Christy 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:
To study the magnitude of anisocoria in pediatric patients using the plusoptiX A08 (plusoptiX GmbH, Nuremberg, Germany) photoscreener as compared to a literature review of pediatric patients with known Horner syndrome to determine if anisocoria alone should raise suspicion for the diagnosis.

Methods:
The medical records of 592 consecutive patients, neonates to 9 years old, were collected and analyzed. All patients had complete ophthalmic examinations that included photoscreening with the plusoptiX A08. Data included age, pupil sizes, and anisocoria. A complete literature search of documented pupillary size in pediatric patients with the diagnosis of Horner syndrome was performed. This was then compared to the normative pediatric pupil data from the study.

Results:

Of the 592 children without Horner syndrome, 372 had an anisocoria of 0.1 to 0.5 mm (62.84%), 167 had an anisocoria of 0.6 to 1.2 mm (28.16%), and 21 had an anisocoria of 1.3 mm or greater (3.70%). There was no correlation between increasing age and severity of anisocoria (
P
= .55). For pediatric patients with a diagnosis of Horner syndrome, the average level of anisocoria was 1.37 mm in room light and 2 mm in darkness. In room light, three children had anisocoria of 0.1 to 0.5 mm (9.4%), 14 had anisocoria of 0.6 to 1.2 mm (43.8%), and 15 had anisocoria of 1.3 mm or greater (46.9%). In darkness, the level of anisocoria increased in 19 patients, causing the first category, 0.1 to 0.5 mm, to include 1 patient (3.1%), the second group to include 5 patients (15.6%), and the last group to include 26 patients (81.3%). Other associated signs/symptoms included ptosis (100%), heterochromia (28.1%), anhidrosis (9.4%), straight hair on affected/curly on unaffected side (9.4%), and neck mass (6.3%). In 37.5% of cases, imaging results were negative and no specific etiology was determined.

Conclusions:
In a study of 592 children without Horner syndrome, the average pupillary size increased with age, but the degree of anisocoria remained stable with increasing age. Over half of the children studied had anisocoria up to 0.5 mm (62.84%), but rarely had anisocoria greater than 1.3 mm (3.70%). In children with a diagnosis of Horner syndrome, the majority had anisocoria greater than 1.3 mm, with the discrepancy in pupil size becoming more apparent in low levels of light intensity. Anisocoria greater than 1.3 mm is unlikely to be physiologic in a child; therefore, he or she should be carefully evaluated for other localizing signs, such as ptosis, anhidrosis, and neck mass.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(3):186–189.]
Clinical Decision Support Tool for Parental Tobacco Treatment in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Shelov Eric , Bonafide Christopher , Bernstein Steven , Fiks Alexander , Bryant-Stephens Tyra , Jenssen Brian 
Published: May 2016

SummaryTo create and evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and usability of a clinical decision support (CDS) tool within the electronic health record (EHR) to help pediatricians provide smoking cessation counseling and treatment to parents of hospitalized children exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS).Mixed method study of first-year pediatric residents on one inpatient unit. Residents received training in smoking cessation counseling, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) prescribing, and use of a CDS tool to aid in this process. The tool, which alerted when a patient was identified as exposed to SHS based on the history taken on admission or during a prior encounter, had the following capabilities: adding SHS exposure to the patient’s problem list; referral to Free Quitline through discharge instructions; and linking to a printable NRT prescription form. We measured feasibility by EHR utilization data. We measured acceptability and usability of the tool by administering questionnaires to residents.From June-August 2015, the alert triggered for 106 patients, and the tool was used for 52 (49%) patients. 41 (39%) patients had SHS exposure added to the problem list, 34 (32%) parents were referred to the Quitline through discharge instructions, and 15 (14%) parents were prescribed NRT. 10 out of 15 (67%) eligible pediatricians used the tool. All clinicians surveyed (9 out of 10) found the tool acceptable and rated its usability good to excellent (average System Usability Scale score was 85 out of 100, 95% CI, 76-93).A non-interruptive CDS tool to help residents provide smoking cessation counseling in the hospital was feasible, acceptable, and usable. Future work will investigate impacts on patient outcomes.
Dietary carnosic acid, selenized yeast, selenate and fish oil affected the concentration of fatty acids, tocopherols, cholesterol and aldehydes in the brains of lambs
Authors: Rozbicka-Wieczorek Agnieszka J. , Krajewska-Bienias Katarzyna A. , Czauderna Marian 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The function of the brain is to exert centralized control over the other internal organs and tissues of the body. Thus, the objective of our studies was to evaluate changes in the concentration of fatty acids (FAs), cholesterol (CHOL), cholest-4-en-3-one (CHOL-4-3), tocopherols, malondialdehyde (MDA) and fatty aldehydes in the brains of lambs fed supplemented diets. Thirty male Corriedale lambs with a body weight of 30.5 ± 2.6 kg were allotted to five groups of six lambs and housed individually. After the preliminary period, for 35 days the animals were fed a diet containing 3 % rapeseed oil (RO) (the RO diet), a diet enriched with 2 % RO and 1 % fish oil (FO) (the FO diet) or the diets with combined addition of 2 % RO, 1 % FO, 0.1 % carnosic acid (CA) (the CA diet) and 0.35 ppm Se as the selenized yeast (SeY) (the CASeY diet) or selenate (SeVI) (the CASeVI diet). The CASeVI diet most efficiently increased the accumulation of FAs (including unsaturated FAs), CHOL-4-3 and fatty aldehydes in the lamb brain. This diet most effectively decreased the concentration of CHOL and MDA in the brain. The CASeY diet showed a different impact on the level of FAs, CHOL, CHOL-4-3, tocopherols, MDA and fatty aldehydes in the brain as compared with the CASeVI diet. The CA diet reduced the concentration of CHOL-4-3, the sums of fatty aldehydes, FAs, atherogenic- and thrombogenic-saturated FAs in the brain compared with the CASeVI diet; the CA diet most effectively increased the value of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) peroxidation index in the brain. The RO diet most efficiently increased the concentration of CHOL and values of the ratios of saturated FAs to PUFAs and long-chain n-6PUFAs to long-chain n-3PUFAs in the brain.The current studies provide new useful information for nutritionists carrying out further investigations aimed at improving farm-animal health, growth performance, reproductive system and the nutritional quality of feed for ruminants.
Local short-term variability in solar irradiance
Authors: Lohmann Gerald M. , Monahan Adam H. , Heinemann Detlev 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Characterizing spatiotemporal irradiance variability is important for the successful grid integration of increasing numbers of photovoltaic (PV) power systems. Using 1 Hz data recorded by as many as 99 pyranometers during the HD(CP)2 Observational Prototype Experiment (HOPE), we analyze field variability of clear-sky index k* (i.e., irradiance normalized to clear-sky conditions) and sub-minute k* increments (i.e., changes over specified intervals of time) for distances between tens of meters and about 10 km. By means of a simple classification scheme based on k* statistics, we identify overcast, clear, and mixed sky conditions, and demonstrate that the last of these is the most potentially problematic in terms of short-term PV power fluctuations. Under mixed conditions, the probability of relatively strong k* increments of ±0.5 is approximately twice as high compared to increment statistics computed without conditioning by sky type. Additionally, spatial autocorrelation structures of k* increment fields differ considerably between sky types. While the profiles for overcast and clear skies mostly resemble the predictions of a simple model published by Hoff and Perez (2012), this is not the case for mixed conditions. As a proxy for the smoothing effects of distributed PV, we finally show that spatial averaging mitigates variability in k* less effectively than variability in k* increments, for a spatial sensor density of 2 km−2.
Ocean colour opportunities from Meteosat Second and Third Generation geostationary platforms
Authors: Kwiatkowska Ewa J. , Ruddick Kevin , Ramon Didier , Vanhellemont Quinten , Brockmann Carsten , Lebreton Carole , Bonekamp Hans G. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Ocean colour applications from medium-resolution polar-orbiting satellite sensors have now matured and evolved into operational services. These applications are enabled by the Sentinel-3 OLCI space sensors of the European Earth Observation Copernicus programme and the VIIRS sensors of the US Joint Polar Satellite System programme. Key drivers for the Copernicus ocean colour services are the national obligations of the EU member states to report on the quality of marine, coastal and inland waters for the EU Water Framework Directive and Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Further applications include CO2 sequestration, carbon cycle and climate, fisheries and aquaculture management, near-real-time alerting to harmful algae blooms, environmental monitoring and forecasting, and assessment of sediment transport in coastal waters. Ocean colour data from polar-orbiting satellite platforms, however, suffer from fractional coverage, primarily due to clouds, and inadequate resolution of quickly varying processes. Ocean colour remote sensing from geostationary platforms can provide significant improvements in coverage and sampling frequency and support new applications and services. EUMETSAT's SEVIRI instrument on the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation platforms (MSG) is not designed to meet ocean colour mission requirements, however, it has been demonstrated to provide valuable contribution, particularly in combination with dedicated ocean colour polar observations. This paper describes the ongoing effort to develop operational ocean colour water turbidity and related products and user services from SEVIRI. SEVIRI's multi-temporal capabilities can benefit users requiring improved local-area coverage and frequent diurnal observations. A survey of user requirements and a study of technical capabilities and limitations of the SEVIRI instruments are the basis for this development and are described in this paper. The products will support monitoring of sediment transport, water clarity, and tidal dynamics by providing hourly coverage and long-term time series of the diurnal observations. Further products and services are anticipated from EUMETSAT's FCI instruments on Meteosat Third Generation satellites (MTG), including potential chlorophyll a products.
The Current Status of Korean Language Education in the United States: Class Offerings in K–16 Schools and Korean Community Schools
Authors: Choi Eunjeong 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAccess to learning resources and opportunities shapes the landscape of education, and thus, it is critical to regularly monitor the changes and trends in foreign language course offerings for educational research and planning. This article investigates the current course offering situation in Korean as a Foreign Language in American K–16 schools within the larger landscape of foreign language education in the United States. The analysis additionally reveals pronounced institutional and regional variations in educational opportunities for the Korean language in public schools, with course offerings concentrated in the Pacific Coast and Northeast regions. However, rapid increases in the number of schools and classes teaching Korean in recent years have led to a change in the landscape. That is, the disparity of learning availability between regions and grade levels has decreased. The analysis extends to the class offerings in Korean community schools to discover their supplementary role in providing more and sustained learning opportunities in place of K–16 education. Suggestions are discussed for collaboration between the local community and the public school systems and for standardized and consistent reporting on enrollments and course offerings of Korean across all levels and across public and community schools.
Knowledge Creation, Innovation and Financial Performance of Firms: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thang V. , Phan Anh T. T. , Nguyen Mai T. T. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Drawing on the knowledge-based perspective and Nonaka’s theory of knowledge creation, this study proposes a model linking firms’ knowledge creation, innovation, and financial performance. The model is tested in a sample of 529 Vietnamese firms. The results show that firms’ knowledge creation has significant impacts on three out of four types of innovation, including product innovation, organizational innovation, and marketing innovation. Product innovation is also found to contribute significantly to the firm’s financial performance. The results improve our understanding of innovation at the firm level under institutional uncertainty and resource-deficiency and provide some important implications for managers and policy makers. </p>
De punitieve handhaving van het omgevingsrecht
Authors: Gritter E. 
Published: May 2016

De punitieve handhaving van het omgevingsrecht
Ter inleiding op de special rondom de punitieve handhaving van de nieuw te vormen Omgevingswet plaatst het redactioneel dit actuele vraagstuk kort tegen de achtergrond van eerdere ontwikkelingen op het terrein van de handhaving van het ordeningsrecht.
Bestuurlijke boete of bestuurlijke strafbeschikking?
Authors: Kocken B.M. 
Published: May 2016

Stelling 2: Bestuurlijke boete of bestuurlijke strafbeschikking? Als gekozen wordt voor de bestuurlijke strafbeschikking, dan moet de behandeling van het verzet kunnen worden toevertrouwd aan het bestuursorgaan.
In opdracht van het Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu is door de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen onderzoek verricht naar mogelijke sanctiestelsels voor de Omgevingswet. In het eindrapport De punitieve handhaving van de Omgevingswet gaan de opstellers in op de vraag: moet de bestuurlijke boete brede toepassing in het omgevingsrecht krijgen, of dient te worden gekozen voor verruiming en vernieuwing van de bestuurlijke strafbeschikking? Voorgesteld wordt onder meer de behandeling van het verzet onder omstandigheden toe te vertrouwen aan het bestuursorgaan. In deze bijdrage wordt stilgestaan bij de vraag of dit voorstel in de Omgevingswet zou moeten worden overgenomen. Tevens wordt ingegaan op de sancties in het huidige omgevingsrecht en op de vraag: bestuurlijke boete of bestuurlijke strafbeschikking?
De sanctionering van wildlife crime
Authors: van den Noort H.J. 
Published: May 2016

De sanctionering van wildlife crime
De illegale handel in wilde dieren en planten is uitgegroeid tot een van de meest winstgevende vormen van georganiseerde criminaliteit. In februari 2016 heeft de Europese Commissie een EU-actieplan tegen de illegale handel in wilde dieren en planten gepresenteerd. Een van de prioriteiten van het EU-actieplan is om bestaande regels toe te passen. Dit artikel beschrijft de in Nederland geldende regels met betrekking tot de illegale handel in wilde dieren en planten.
Bestuurlijke boetes in de socialezekerheidswetgeving
Authors: Duker M.J.A. 
Published: May 2016

Bestuurlijke boetes in de socialezekerheidswetgeving: achtergrond en stand van zaken
De laatste jaren is er veel gebeurd op het terrein van de bestuurlijke handhaving van socialezekerheidswetgeving. Op 1 januari 2013 trad met de ‘Fraudewet’ en het nieuwe Boetebesluit socialezekerheidswetten een betrekkelijk hard boetestelsel in werking. Na een kritische uitspraak hierover van de Centrale Raad van Beroep adviseerde de Raad van State de regering in 2015 zich te bezinnen op de mate van rechtsbescherming bij bestuurlijke beboeting. Een voorstel tot wetswijziging om meer differentiatie aan te brengen in het bestuursrechtelijke boetestelsel is sinds januari 2016 aanhangig, maar van een herbezinning lijkt nog geen sprake.
Effects of augmented tenotomy and reattachment in the infantile nystagmus syndrome
Authors: Dell'Osso Louis F. , Orge Faruk H. , Jacobs Jonathan B. 
Published: May 2016

PurposeTo test the hypothesis that augmented tenotomy and reattachment surgery (AT-R), which involves placing an additional suture in each distal tendon during the 4-muscle tenotomy and reattachment (T-R) or other infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) procedures, could increase the beneficial effects of many types of extraocular muscle (EOM) surgery to treat INS.
MethodsBoth infrared reflection and high-speed digital video systems were used to record the eye movements in 4 patients with INS before and after AT-R surgery. Data were analyzed using the eXpanded Nystagmus Acuity Function (NAFX) that is part of the OMtools software.
ResultsPlacement of the augmentation suture did not interfere with Kestenbaum, Anderson, bilateral medial rectus muscle recession, or T-R surgeries. The therapeutic effects of AT-R were similar to but not equal to those from the traditional single-suture surgeries (ie, broadening longest foveation domain [LFD] but no improvement of NAFX peak). The average of the NAFX percent improvements after AT-R was within 31% of those estimated from NAFX values before T-R; the average of the percent broadenings of the LFD values after AT-R was within 16%.
ConclusionsThe AT-R does not improve the foveation quality in INS above the traditional T-R surgery. It is not improved by an additional suture; indeed, some improvements may be diminished by the added suture. The hypothesized augmented-tendon suture technique (sans tenotomy) has been modified and remains to be tested.
Fabrication of photonic crystal structures by tertiary-butyl arsine-based metal–organic vapor-phase epitaxy for photonic crystal lasers
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Kawasaki Masato , De Zoysa Menaka , Ishizaki Kenji , Hatsuda Ranko , Noda Susumu 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The fabrication of air/semiconductor two-dimensional photonic crystal structures by air-hole-retained crystal regrowth using tertiary-butyl arsine-based metal–organic vapor-phase epitaxy for GaAs-based photonic crystal lasers is investigated. Photonic crystal air holes with filling factors of 10–13%, depths of ∼280 nm, and widths of 120–150 nm are successfully embedded. The embedded air holes exhibit characteristic shapes due to the anisotropy of crystal growth. Furthermore, a low lasing threshold of ∼0.5 kA/cm2 is achieved with the fabricated structures.
Ultrathin glass filter fabricated by femtosecond laser processing for high-throughput microparticle filtering
Authors: Yalikun Yaxiaer , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Hosokawa Yoichiroh , Iino Takanori , Tanaka Yo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this study, we developed a method of fabricating totally glass-based filters having micrometer-scale through holes for high-throughput filtration using a femtosecond laser. Filtration using a membrane-type filter is an indispensable technique for biological, chemical, and physical analysis fields. A larger flow rate or stronger driving pressure will result in a faster filtration. However, conventional high-throughput filtering methods often use a relatively slow flow rate or low pressure owing to the fracture toughness of the filter material. In this study, we introduce a customizable 4-µm-thick glass filter that could be used for high-throughput microparticle filtering at a flow velocity of 4 m/s.
Numerical simulation of piezoelectric effect under ultrasound irradiation with consideration of conductivity
Authors: Hosokawa Atsushi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Using a piezoelectric finite-difference time-domain (PE-FDTD) method, numerical simulation of the piezoelectric effect under ultrasound irradiation was performed considering conductivity. From the simulated results, it was shown that the ultrasound amplitude in piezoelectric ceramics decreased owing to piezoelectricity with the increase in conductivity. The simulated ultrasound waveform at a low conductivity agreed with the experimental waveform. The electric field induced in the ceramics decreased with conductivity, and the electric field at a high conductivity decreased with time, which represented piezoelectric relaxation. Moreover, the effect of conductivity on piezoelectricity in human cortical bone was investigated.
Oxidative Cycloaddition of Aldoximes with Maleimides using Catalytic Hydroxy(aryl)iodonium Species
Authors: Yoshimura Akira , Nguyen Khiem C. , Rohde Gregory T. , Saito Akio , Yusubov Mekhman S. , Zhdankin Viktor V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA mild catalytic procedure for the efficient oxidative cyclization of aldoximes with maleimides mediated by hypervalent iodine(III) active species has been developed. This catalytic cyclization affords the corresponding pyrrolo‐isoxazole products in generally good yields. The catalytic cycle involves active hydroxy(aryl)iodonium species generated in situ from 2‐iodobenzoic acid as precatalyst and m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m‐CPBA) as terminal oxidant in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The presence of active hydroxy(aryl)iodonium species in this reaction has been confirmed by ESI‐mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy.magnified image