bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Chemically Treated Tropical Forage on the Fatty Acid Profile of Milk
Authors: Martins S.C.S.G. , Carvalho G.G.P. , Pires A.J.V. , Silva R.R. , Leite L.C. , Lacerda E.C.Q. , Moreira J.V. , Cruz C.H. , Carvalho B.M.A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of the use of chemically treated tropical forage in nutritional profile of bovine milk. We evaluated four cane sugar silages: without additive (control); with 1% urea; with 0.5% urea + 0.5% calcium oxide (CaO); with 1% CaO, with base on natural matter, the feeding of dairy cows. There was no difference in the physical‐chemical milk characteristics. The sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was higher for diet with sugar cane silage with 1% CaO. The activity of the enzyme Δ9‐desaturase in the mammary gland was greatest for myristoleic acid (C14:1 c9) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1 c9) with the diet with sugar cane silage with 1% urea. Among the evaluated diets, the best one was that used 1% CaO in sugar cane silage because it provided higher proportions of PUFA, Omega‐3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid and its isomers.Practical ApplicationsThere is considerable interest in altering the fatty acid composition of milk with the overall aim of improving the long‐term health of consumers. In general, milk fat synthesis directly responds to changes in ruminal fermentation pattern, given that in this process both precursors and metabolites of regulatory synthesis in the mammary gland are produced.The use of additives in the diet also changes the pattern of rumen fermentation and consequently the fat synthesis in milk. There are very few studies that seek to evaluate the effect of additives in the ensiling process on rumen environment and milk characteristics. More than that, study the safety and quality of the product for consumers.
Influence of Lime Juice on the Pink Discoloration and Quality of Sous‐Vide Processed Chicken Breast During Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Hong Go‐Eun , Mandal Prabhat Kumar , Kim Ji‐Han , Park Woo‐Joon , Oh Jae‐Wook , Lim Ki‐Won , Lee Chi‐Ho 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEffect of lime juice on pink discoloration of sous‐vide chicken in refrigerated storage is reported. Chicken breasts were marinated with 0.9% NaCl solution (CON), citric acid 1% (CIT), lime juice 0.5% (LL) and lime juice 1% (LH) for 12 h before sous‐vide cooking. The pH values in the CIT and LH groups were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of CON and LL groups. Expressible drip in the LL group was significantly (P < 0.05) higher. The pink color of drip and thiobarbituric acid values were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in treatment groups. Volatile basic nitrogen of LL group was significantly (P < 0.05) lower. Redness of CIT and LL groups were significantly (P < 0.05) lower. No significant difference observed in sensory scores of the treatment and control. Coliform count was under log 0.83 CFU/g and treatment groups had lower counts than control and Salmonella was not detected in any of the groups.Practical ApplicationsLime juice treatment for sous‐vide cooked chicken breast improved the meat quality by inhibiting pink discoloration and bacterial growth as much as citric acid treatment. Lime juice usage can lead to consumer satisfaction due to the increase in consumer preference for natural food additives. Furthermore, lime juice contains citric acid and vitamin C, which are believed to prolong shelf‐life by reducing lipid oxidation and protein degradation and to provide other positive health effects. Lime juice can be used to prevent pink discoloration of chicken breast processed with sous‐vide cooking and protect the quality at refrigerator up to 14 days.
Clinical value of octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 as a prognostic marker in patients with digestive system cancers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Zhang Long , Zhu Qin , Wang Xiaowei , Wu Jindao , Wang Xuehao 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground and AimThe role of octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) has been implicated in the clinical prognosis of various kinds of digestive system cancers, but the results remain controversial. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to assess the potential role of Oct4 as a prognostic marker in digestive system tumors.MethodsRelevant articles were retrieved from Pubmed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to July 2016. The software Stata 12.0 was used to analyze the outcomes, including overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival, recurrence‐free survival, and clinicopathological characteristics.ResultsA total of 13 eligible studies with 1538 patients were included. Elevated Oct4 expression was significantly associated with poor OS (pooled hazard ratio [HR] = 2.183, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.824–2.612), disease‐free survival (pooled HR = 1.973, 95% CI: 1.538–2.532), and recurrence‐free survival (pooled HR = 2.209, 95% CI: 1.461–3.338) of digestive system malignancies. Subgroup analyses showed that cancer type, sample size, study quality, and laboratory detection method did not alter the significant prognostic value of Oct4. Additionally, Oct4 expression was found to be an independent predictive factor for OS (HR = 2.068, 95% CI: 1.633–2.619). No significant association was found between Oct4 and clinicopathological features of digestive system malignancies.ConclusionThis study provided evidence of Oct4 and/or its closely related homolog protein as a predictive factor for patients with digestive system cancers. More large‐scale clinical studies on the prognostic value of Oct4 are warranted.
Training Nonnursing Staff to Assist with Nutritional Care Delivery in Nursing Homes: A Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Simmons Sandra F. , Hollingsworth Emily K. , Long Emily A. , Liu Xulei , Shotwell Matthew S. , Keeler Emmett , An Ruopeng , Silver Heidi J. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the effect and cost‐effectiveness of training nonnursing staff to provide feeding assistance for nutritionally at‐risk nursing home (NH) residents.DesignRandomized, controlled trial.SettingFive community NHs.ParticipantsLong‐stay NH residents with an order for caloric supplementation (N = 122).InterventionResearch staff provided an 8‐hour training curriculum to nonnursing staff. Trained staff were assigned to between‐meal supplement or snack delivery for the intervention group; the control group received usual care.MeasurementsResearch staff used standardized observations and weighed‐intake methods to measure frequency of between‐meal delivery, staff assistance time, and resident caloric intake.ResultsFifty staff (mean 10 per site) completed training. The intervention had a significant effect on between‐meal caloric intake (F = 56.29, P < .001), with the intervention group consuming, on average, 163.33 (95% CI = 120.19–206.47) calories per person per day more than the usual care control group. The intervention costs were $1.27 per person per day higher than usual care (P < .001). The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for the intervention was 134 kcal per dollar. The increase in cost was due to the higher frequency and number of snack items given per person per day and the associated staff time to provide assistance.ConclusionIt is cost effective to train nonnursing staff to provide caloric supplementation, and this practice has a positive effect on residents’ between‐meal intake.
Validation of the Chinese Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic for Screening Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Chen Ke‐Liang , Xu Yan , Chu Ai‐Qun , Ding Ding , Liang Xiao‐Niu , Nasreddine Ziad S. , Dong Qiang , Hong Zhen , Zhao Qian‐Hua , Guo Qi‐Hao 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic (MoCA‐BC) as a screening tool for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Chinese elderly adults.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingHuashan Hospital, Shanghai, China.ParticipantsIndividuals with MCI (n = 264) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 160) were recruited from the Memory Clinic, Huashan Hospital; cognitively normal controls were recruited from Jinshan Community, Shanghai, China (n = 280).MeasurementsMoCA‐BC scores.ResultsThe MoCA‐BC had good criterion‐related validity (Pearson correlation coefficient MoCA‐BC vs MMSE = 0.787) and reliable internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.807). The optimal cutoff scores for MCI screening were 19 for individuals with no more than 6 years of education, 22 for individuals with 7 to 12 years of education, and 24 for individuals with more than 12 years of education. The MoCA‐BC was superior to the MMSE for detecting MCI, with optimal sensitivity and specificity across all education groups using the above cutoff scores.ConclusionThe MoCA‐BC is a reliable cognitive screening test across all education levels in Chinese elderly adults, with high acceptance and good reliability.
Omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, serum zinc, delta‐5‐ and delta‐6‐desaturase activities and incident metabolic syndrome
Authors: Yary T. , Voutilainen S. , Tuomainen T.‐P. , Ruusunen A. , Nurmi T. , Virtanen J. K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe associations of n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with metabolic syndrome have been poorly explored. We investigated the associations of the serum n‐6 PUFA and the activities of enzymes involved in the PUFA metabolism, delta‐5‐desaturase (D5D) and delta‐6‐desaturase (D6D) with risk of incident metabolic syndrome. We also investigated whether zinc, a cofactor for these enzymes, modifies these associations.MethodsA prospective follow‐up study was conducted on 661 men who were aged 42–60 years old at baseline in 1984–1989 and who were re‐examined in 1998–2001.ResultsMen in the highest versus the lowest serum total omega‐6 PUFA tertile had a 70% lower multivariate‐adjusted risk of incident metabolic syndrome [odds ratio (OR) = 0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.18–0.51, Ptrend < 0.001]. Inverse associations were also observed for linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and D5D activity. By contrast, men in the highest tertile of D6D activity had an 84% higher risk (OR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.15–2.94, Ptrend = 0.008). Similar associations were observed with many of the metabolic syndrome components at the re‐examinations. Most associations were attenuated after adjustment for body mass index. Finally, the associations of D6D and LA were stronger among those with a higher serum zinc concentration.ConclusionsHigher serum total n‐6 PUFA, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid concentrations and D5D activity were associated with a lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome and higher D6D activity was associated with a higher risk. The role of zinc also needs to be investigated in other populations.
ARF2 coordinates with PLETHORAs and PINs to orchestrate ABA‐mediated root meristem activity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Promchuea Sujittra , Zhu Yujuan , Chen Zhizhong , Zhang Jing , Gong Zhizhong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMultiple hormones, including abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin, regulate cell division and differentiation of Arabidopsis root meristems. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 (ARF2) functions as a negative regulator of ABA responses, as seed germination and primary root growth of arf2 mutants are hypersensitive to ABA. In this study, we found that ABA treatment reduced the expression levels of the PIN‐FORMEDs (PIN) auxin efflux carriers, PIN1, PIN3, PIN4, and PIN7, to a greater extent in the root meristems of arf2‐101 mutant than in the wild type. Also, arf2‐101 pin1 and arf2‐101 pin4 double mutants show less ABA‐induced inhibition of root meristem activity than the arf2‐101 mutants. Furthermore, ARF2 positively mediates the transcripts of transcription factor PLETHORA 1 (PLT1) gene but negatively mediates PLT2 at protein level in root meristems. Using a dexamethasone (DEX)‐inducible transgenic line, Pro35S:PLT2‐GR, we showed that PLT2 greatly promotes cell division and completely inhibits cell differentiation in root meristems of the arf2‐101 mutant once PLT2 is induced by DEX, which can be partially reversed by ABA treatment, suggesting that ABA regulates root meristem activity in both ARF2‐dependent and independent pathways. Our results uncover a complex regulatory architecture in which ARF2 coordinates with PLTs and PINs to orchestrate ABA‐mediated regulation of root meristem activity in Arabidopsis.
Job Satisfaction and Subjective Well‐Being Among Midwives: Analysis of a Multinational Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Jarosova Darja , Gurkova Elena , Ziakova Katarina , Nedvedova Daniela , Palese Alvisa , Godeas Gloria , Chan Sally Wai‐Chi , Song Mi Sook , Lee Jongwon , Cordeiro Raul , Babiarczyk Beata , Fras Malgorzata 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionThere is a considerable amount of empirical evidence to indicate a positive association between an employee's subjective well‐being and workplace performance and job satisfaction. Compared with nursing research, there is a relative lack of consistent scientific evidence concerning midwives’ subjective well‐being and its determinants related to domains of job satisfaction. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between the domains of job satisfaction and components of subjective well‐being in hospital midwives.MethodsThis cross‐sectional descriptive study involved 1190 hospital midwives from 7 countries. Job satisfaction was measured by the McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale. Subjective well‐being was conceptualized in the study by the 2 components (the affective and the cognitive component). The affective component of subjective well‐being (ie, emotional well‐being) was assessed by the Positive and the Negative Affect Scale. The cognitive component of subjective well‐being (ie, life satisfaction) was measured by the Personal Well‐Being Index. Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses were used to determine associations between variables.ResultsFindings from correlation and regression analyses indicated an overall weak association between the domains of job satisfaction and components of subjective well‐being. Satisfaction with extrinsic rewards, coworkers, and interaction opportunities accounted for only 13% of variance in the cognitive component (life satisfaction). The affective component (emotional well‐being) was weakly associated with satisfaction with control and responsibility.DiscussionThe low amount of variance suggests that neither component of subjective well‐being is influenced by the domains of job satisfaction. Further studies should focus on identifying other predictors of subjective well‐being among midwives. A better understanding of how specific job facets are related to the subjective well‐being of midwives might assist employers in the design of counseling and intervention programs for subjective well‐being of midwives in the workplace and workplace performance.
Innate immune defense in the inner ear – mucines are expressed by the human endolymphatic sac
Authors: Møller Martin N. , Kirkeby Svend , Cayé‐Thomasen Per 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe human endolymphatic sac has been shown recently to have immunological capacities and has thus been proposed as the main entity protecting the inner ear from pathogen invasion, equivalent to mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Although the sac expresses molecules of the innate immune system, the potential expression of members of the important mucin family has not been detailed. Thus, this paper explores endolymphatic sac expression of a number of mucins and mucin precursors. Twelve fresh tissue samples from the human endolymphatic sac were obtained during translabyrinthine surgery. The expression of Mucin 1, 2, 5B/AC and 16, as well as the core structure elements (mucin precursors) T‐antigen, Tn‐antigen and Sialyl‐Tn‐antigen was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The endolymphatic sac epithelium expressed MUC1 (both apically towards the endolymphatic sac (ES) lumen and basally towards the capillary network), MUC 16 and Tn‐antigen. There was no labeling after incubation with antibodies against T‐antigen, sialyl‐Tn‐antigen, MUC2 and MUC5B/AC. We conclude that the human endolymphatic sac epithelium expresses a number of mucin molecules, which supports the hypothesis of the sac as the primary immunological tissue structure of the inner ear, equivalent to MALT in other organs. The mucins may also play a role in the formation and continuous homeostasis of the inner ear fluids, as well as the pathogenesis of Meniere's disease.
THE IMPACT OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION: A SURVEY
Authors: Martinez‐Vazquez Jorge , Lago‐Peñas Santiago , Sacchi Agnese 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we offer a comprehensive and updated review of the impact of fiscal decentralization on the economy, society and politics. Our first target is the examination of two crucial and yet unsolved issues in the empirical literature on decentralization: the proper measurement of decentralization itself and its potential endogeneity in econometric estimates. Then, we discuss the main existing findings on the effects of decentralization on a relevant list of socio‐economic issues. The impact of fiscal decentralization reforms on political institutions and public policies is also considered. Complete answers on the impact of fiscal decentralization are not likely to be certain but, overall, there are reasons to be optimistic about the net positive result. Our survey by necessity has to be selective but it presents a balanced view of what is known and what is not yet known opening room for further research and practice on fiscal decentralization.
Attention to Fairness versus Profits: The Determinants of Satisficing Pricing
Authors: McCann Brian T. , Shinkle George A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe investigate determinants of the competitive behaviour of satisficing, non‐profit‐maximizing pricing. Taking a behavioural approach, we argue that pricing decisions are motivated by fairness objectives as well as the desire to achieve economic objectives. We draw from the attention‐based view to build our theoretical model explaining the contextual conditions that are most likely to be associated with attention to fairness relative to attention to achieving maximum profits when setting prices. Our hypothesized predictors of satisficing pricing decisions encompass the institutional context in which the firm is embedded, the exchange context with customers and suppliers, and the context internal to the firm. Hypotheses are tested with survey data of over 3000 firms from 15 countries. We find that the decision to set prices at a satisficing level is remarkably common, and its prevalence is associated with contextual factors that are consistent with greater attention to fairness concerns.
Wallerian Degeneration Beyond the Corticospinal Tracts: Conventional and Advanced MRI Findings
Authors: Chen Yin Jie , Nabavizadeh Seyed Ali , Vossough Arastoo , Kumar Sunil , Loevner Laurie A. , Mohan Suyash 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTWallerian degeneration (WD) is defined as progressive anterograde disintegration of axons and accompanying demyelination after an injury to the proximal axon or cell body. Since the 1980s and 1990s, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences have been shown to be sensitive to changes of WD in the subacute to chronic phases. More recently, advanced MRI techniques, such as diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), have demonstrated some of earliest changes attributed to acute WD, typically on the order of days. In addition, there is increasing evidence on the value of advanced MRI techniques in providing important prognostic information related to WD. This article reviews the utility of conventional and advanced MRI techniques for assessing WD, by focusing not only on the corticospinal tract but also other neural tracts less commonly thought of, including corticopontocerebellar tract, dentate‐rubro‐olivary pathway, posterior column of the spinal cord, corpus callosum, limbic circuit, and optic pathway. The basic anatomy of these neural pathways will be discussed, followed by a comprehensive review of existing literature supported by instructive clinical examples. The goal of this review is for readers to become more familiar with both conventional and advanced MRI findings of WD involving important neural pathways, as well as to illustrate increasing utility of advanced MRI techniques in providing important prognostic information for various pathologies.
Elucidating the role of Cyclooxygenase‐2 in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus – an immunohistochemical study with supportive histochemical analysis
Authors: Singh Pratyush , Grover Jasleen , Byatnal Aditi Amit , Guddattu Vasudeva , Radhakrishnan Raghu , Solomon Monica Charlotte 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, inflammatory disorder that affects the oral mucous membrane. During an inflammatory response, several chemokines and cytokines are released by the cells of the immune system. Activation of MMPs, along with mast cell‐derived chymase and tryptase, degrades the basement membrane structural proteins, resulting in basement membrane breaks.AimTo investigate the association between the COX‐2 expressions, presence of intact or degranulating mast cells within the connective tissue and the extent of basement membrane discontinuity in OLP cases.MethodsThis study included a total of 50 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded specimens (FFPE) of histologically confirmed cases of idiopathic oral lichen planus. A retrospective cross‐sectional analysis was carried out by immunohistochemistry to study the epithelial expression of COX‐2 and by the use of special stains such as toluidine blue and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) to study the mast cell count and basement membrane changes in the oral mucosal tissue, respectively.ResultsThere was a significant (P = 0.03) association between the COX‐2 expressions and mast cell count. As the intensity of COX‐2 expression increased from mild to moderate or severe, the number of mast cell count almost doubled.ConclusionInteraction between upregulation of COX‐2, mast cell and basement membrane sets a vicious cycle which relates to the chronic nature of the disease. Inhibitors of COX‐2 may reduce the inflammatory process preceding the immune dysregulation in OLP.
A New Detection Method for Submerged Implants: Oral Tattoo
Authors: Soylu Emrah , Gönen Zeynep Burçin , Alkan Alper 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the marking potential of tattoo ink in determining the definitive locations of submerged implants at the time of surgical exposure of the implants.Materials and MethodsIn total, 104 implants in 32 patients were included in this study. After placement of the implants, cover screws were inserted. Overlying mucosa was marked with tattoo ink using a 20 g needle through the center of the cover screw. At the time of surgical exposure the tattoo marks were evaluated relative to visibility.ResultsAt the time of the surgical exposures, tattoo ink was clearly visible at 91 implants, slightly visible at 8 implants, and not visible at 5 implants. After detection and classification of tattoo ink, the overlying mucosa was gently removed by tissue punch under local anesthesia.ConclusionThe results of this study seemed to indicate that marking the location of implants with tattoos at the time of implant placement can be an inexpensive, easy, healthy, and practical way to identify the location of marked submerged dental implants.