bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter, open label, randomized controlled superiority trial for availability to reduce nocturnal urination frequency: The TOP‐STAR study
Authors: Nakajima Hanako , Okada Hiroshi , Kogure Akinori , Osaka Takafumi , Tsutsumi Takeshi , Onishi Masayoshi , Mitsuhashi Kazuteru , Kitagawa Noriyuki , Mogami Shinichi , Kitamura Akane , Ishii Michiyo , Nakamura Naoto , Kishi Akio , Eiko Sato , Hamaguchi Masahide , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimNocturia impairs the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) such as tofogliflozin increase urine volume, their impact on nocturia, in conjunction with dietary salt restriction, is less clear.Materials and MethodsThis multicenter, open‐label, randomized, parallel‐group trial included 80 subjects with type 2 diabetes and nocturia. The patients were divided into two groups: one receiving tofogliflozin, the shortest half‐life, without salt restriction, and the other receiving both tofogliflozin and dietary salt restriction. The primary endpoint was nocturia frequency at 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes included changes in daytime urination frequency, urine volume, and home blood pressure.ResultsAt 12 weeks, there were no significant differences in nocturia changes between both groups. Nocturia frequency did not change in the tofogliflozin without salt restriction group from 1.5 ± 0.8 to 1.3 ± 1.1 times per night (P = 0.297), and significantly decreased from 1.6 ± 1.0 to 1.3 ± 0.7 times per night in the tofogliflozin and dietary salt restriction group (P = 0.049). There was a trend toward increased urine volume and frequency during the daytime in the group with salt restriction, indicating a time‐shift effect of the short half‐life tofogliflozin and salt restriction on urinary time.ConclusionsThe frequency of nocturia after tofogliflozin did not increase. Tofogliflozin reduced nocturia when combined with salt restriction. Furthermore, daytime urine volume and frequency showed an increasing trend, suggesting a shift in urine production to daytime hours due to the short half‐life of tofogliflozin. Dietary modifications can enhance the therapeutic benefits of tofogliflozin in managing nocturia in people with type 2 diabetes.
Barriers and facilitators to faecal immunochemical testing in symptomatic populations: A rapid systematic scoping review and gap analysis
Authors: Hamer‐Kiwacz Sienna , Berntsson Hannah , Galloway George , Tran Ann‐Marie , Tan Jia Yun , Hind Daniel , Kurien Matthew 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimFaecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is used to triage people with signs or symptoms of a colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent guidelines have recommended further research to improve access, uptake and return of FIT. This systematic scoping review aims to understand the barriers and facilitators to FIT testing in symptomatic patients.MethodQualitative, quantitative and mixed‐methods studies published after September 2013 were included. MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify publications examining barriers and facilitators to FIT. Initially, the data underwent thematic analysis, and subsequently, factors were aligned to components of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour model. All outcomes are presented in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.ResultsOne thousand two hundred thirty‐two papers were identified; 11 met the inclusion criteria. Barriers and facilitators were identified at the patient (e.g., knowledge), provider (e.g., general practitioner awareness) and service level (e.g., method of providing FIT kits). Factors were categorised into the subcomponents of the model: psychological capability (e.g., lack of FIT knowledge), reflective motivation (e.g., beliefs regarding FIT sampling and faeces being unhygienic) and automatic motivation (e.g., embarrassment, scary, anxiety provoking). Gaps in knowledge emerged in three domains: (1) patient experience, (2) FIT pathway and (3) healthcare professionals experience of FIT.ConclusionThis systematic scoping review provides a summary of the literature on FIT uptake, and identified factors across multiple levels and components. To increase adherence to FIT completion within primary care, a multifaceted theory and evidence‐based approach is needed to underpin future behavioural science interventions.
Exploring context and culture in clinical reasoning medical education: A qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Cameron Erin , Fleming Holly , Mose Rylee , Monteiro Sandra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundClinical reasoning processes are complex and interwoven with culture and context. While these relationships have been explored to understand the outcomes of clinical reasoning, there has been little exploration of how to integrate these relationships when teaching and learning clinical reasoning.MethodsUsing semi‐structured interviews, this research explored the role of context and culture in clinical reasoning medical education. Participants were clinical teachers recruited from across Northern Ontario. The data were analysed independently by two reviewers using both thematic analysis and critical discourse analysis, and peer reviewed by a third researcher.ResultsThe role of context and culture is inherent to the personal, professional and pedagogical aspects of clinical reasoning, especially when teaching about the complexities of Northern Ontario. The major themes that came through were: 1) teaching and learning clinical reasoning needs reflexivity, 2) developing clinical reasoning skills needs time and 3) clinical reasoning pedagogy should acknowledge and encompass practice variation and patient diversity.ConclusionTeaching clinical reasoning in Northern Ontario involves being aware of the complexities that are inherent in interacting with patients and communities. Through personal, professional and pedagogical models, the students and teachers can address the complexities of cultural and contextual clinical reasoning.
Monitoring of torrent control structures: An integrated approach from first‐level inspections to maintenance strategies
Authors: Cislaghi Alessio , Morlotti Emanuele , Cucchiaro Sara , Morando Paola , Bischetti Gian Battista 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTorrent control structures are essential countermeasures against potential losses from flood to debris flow events. The durability of these structures hinges upon several factors, including the structure's design, construction materials and ongoing maintenance as well as the physical pressures they are under. Over the past half‐century, a decline in investments allocated to routine maintenance activities, coupled with the natural degradation of these structures, has contributed to a reduction in their protective capacity. In this context, monitoring and maintaining existing structures are essential actions. This study presents a comprehensive proposal for a routine inspection process adopted for torrent control structures along four rivers in North Italy. The results of the first‐level inspections consist of a dataset encompassing missing details (e.g., width, length, height, construction age, materials used), present condition of structures and functionality. The further step is to predict the vulnerability of the inspected torrent control structures; so, the Markov chain model is implemented for forecasting their service life, also in function of different maintenance strategies. Furthermore, this study serves as a valuable resource for reinforcing the role of the first‐level inspections and ongoing monitoring, which is essential for planning future investments in watershed management, especially in the routine maintenance of torrent control structures.
Food‐related quality of life driven by hypervigilance and anxiety around eating in organic gastrointestinal conditions
Authors: Simons Madison , McGarva Josie , Doerfler Bethany , Tomasino Kathryn , Pandit Anjali , Lembo Anthony , Taft Tiffany 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundFood‐related quality of life (FRQoL) measures the impact of diet, eating behaviours and food‐related anxiety on quality of life. Patients often view food and eating as central to symptom management. This is the first study to examine FRQoL in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, celiac sprue, achalasia and eosinophilic oesophagitis.MethodsA total of 289 adults aged ≥18 years completed self‐report measures evaluating the use of dietary treatment, FRQoL and other psychosocial outcomes. Principal component factor analysis evaluated potential subscales within the Food‐Related Quality of Life Scale (FRQoL‐29), to date validated only with a total score. Univariate analyses investigated differences in FRQoL based on diagnosis, whereas correlations and hierarchical regression identified relationships between FRQoL and psychosocial outcomes.ResultsFactor analysis revealed four subscales within the FRQoL‐29, with hypervigilance around eating being the primary driver in total score. Patients reported substantial impacts of FRQoL, with those not using diet therapy scoring significantly higher for FRQoL than those on a diet with and without the support of a registered dietitian (RD). Both social (r = 0.41, p < 0.001) and physical (r = 0.31, p < 0.001) domains of health‐related quality of life were higher in patients with greater FRQoL.ConclusionFRQoL is significantly degraded in patients with organic gastrointestinal illness diseases, and hypervigilance around food appears to contribute most to this. Use of dietary treatment and meeting with an RD were associated with lower FRQoL, though it is unclear if patients sought RD assistance before FRQoL declined. Future studies on the relationship between dietary treatment, RD support and FRQoL are warranted.
Validation of the Japanese version of Algoplus® for the assessment of acute postoperative pain in older patients with cancer
Authors: Mori Masumi , Ikeda Eri , Fujita Kimie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to validate a Japanese version of the Algoplus® tool by assessing postoperative pain in older Japanese patients with cancer and examining the scale's psychometric properties.MethodsAfter translating Algoplus® into Japanese, we conducted a cross‐sectional study of patients aged 65 years or older who underwent surgery to remove malignant tumors. Two registered nurse‐certified investigators used the Numerical Rating Scale, the Japanese version of Algoplus®, and the Japanese version of the Abbey Pain Scale before and after analgesic use on postoperative days 3 and 5 to evaluate response to pharmacologic therapy. Validity was tested by a correlation analysis between the Japanese version of Algoplus®, two pain scales, and nine hypotheses related to demographic variables and surgical invasions. The Kuder–Richardson‐20 test and Cohen's Kappa coefficient were used for internal consistency and inter‐rater reliability, respectively.ResultsThe total score of the Japanese version of Algoplus® showed strong to moderate correlations with the two pain scales. Demographic characteristics were not associated with the total score of the Japanese version, but significant correlations with operative time and postoperative analgesia administration existed. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency (Kuder–Richardson‐20 α: .70) and inter‐rater reliability (Kappa coefficient .72). The total score of the Japanese version decreased significantly after analgesic use in both postoperative assessments.ConclusionsThe Japanese version of Algoplus® is a reliable and valid instrument for nurses to easily assess acute postoperative pain in older Japanese patients with cancer and shows good responsiveness for detecting the change in pain status.
Real‐World Experience Using a Multi‐Modality System using Intense Pulsed Light, Radiofrequency Microneedling, High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound, or Thermal Radiofrequency, 808, HIFU for Skin Rejuvenation Treatment
Authors: Gold Michael , Biesman Brian , Cohen Joel L. , Goldberg David J. , Guenin Sophie , Schlesinger Todd , Taher Zaki 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMedical aesthetic procedures for facial rejuvenation with laser and energy‐based devices (EBDs) are rapidly increasing. The following cases highlight real‐life experience using a multi‐modality system with various handpieces that combine intense pulsed light (IPL), laser hair removal (808 diode), high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), radiofrequency microneedling (RFM), and thermal radiofrequency (RF) for antiaging and rejuvenation treatment. Laser and RFM treatments may improve skin conditions by inducing cutaneous changes that remodel the skin matrix.MethodsSix physicians who treat patients for skin rejuvenation reported on clinical cases from their practice using a multi‐modality system with various handpieces.ResultsDuring the meeting, the advisors discussed 15 cases and agreed to select seven patients with different ages and skin phototypes receiving various treatments for photodamage of the face, neck, and décolleté. The advisors discussed why they selected the case, previous treatment, type of treatment, results, and clinical pearls.ConclusionSharing best practices in medical aesthetics using combination treatments on a single multi‐modality energy‐based device such as laser and MRF for facial, neck, and chest skin may support healthcare providers treating patients for skin rejuvenation to improve clinical outcomes.
Photophysiology of the haploid form of the cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia
Authors: Garric Sarah , Ratin Morgane , Gallet Benoit , Decelle Johan , Probert Ian , Rodriguez Francisco , Six Christophe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCryptophytes are abundant and ubiquitous microalgae that constitute a major plastid source for kleptoplastidic ciliates and dinoflagellates. Despite their ecological significance, the understanding of their light preferences and photophysiology remains limited. Here, we provide a comprehensive study of the response of the haploid strain Teleaulax amphioxeia (Cr10EHU) to varying light irradiance. This strain is capable of growing under a wide range of irradiance levels, notably by finely tuning the different pigments bound to the membrane light‐harvesting proteins. Analysis of the luminal phycoerythrin content revealed remarkable flexibility, with phycoerythrin emerging as a pivotal protein facilitating acclimation to varying light levels. Detailed ultrastructure examinations unveiled that this adaptability was supported by the synthesis of large thylakoidal vesicles, likely enhancing the capture of green photons efficiently under low light, a phenomenon previously undocumented. Teleaulax amphioxeia Cr10EHU effectively regulated light utilization by using a cryptophyte state transition‐like process, with a larger amplitude observed under high growth irradiance. Furthermore, our results revealed the establishment of growth irradiance‐dependent non‐photochemical quenching of fluorescence, likely inducing the dissipation of excess light. This study underscores the particularities and the significant photoadaptability of the plastid of the haploid form of T. amphioxeia. It constitutes a comprehensive photophysiological characterization of the Cr10EHU strain that paves the way for future studies of the kleptoplastidy process.
Effects of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction on inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with obesity/overweight: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Aamir Ahmad Bin , Kumari Roopa , Latif Rabia , Ahmad Shakil , Rafique Nazish , Salem Ayad M. , Alasoom Lubna I. , Alsunni Ahmed , Alabdulhadi Aseel S. , Chander Subhash 
Published: September 2024

SummaryIntroductionObesity is characterized by chronic low‐grade inflammation. This study presents an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effect of caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) on plasma inflammatory biomarkers (C‐reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐alpha, and interleukin [IL]‐6) in individuals with obesity/overweight compared with unrestricted or ad libitum feeding.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting inflammatory biomarkers after at least 8 weeks of intervention. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using a fixed effect model. Heterogeneity was determined using I2 statistics. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the “leave‐one‐out” approach.ResultsRelatively few RCTs have investigated the effect of IF on inflammatory biomarkers than with CR (6 vs. 15). Analysis of pooled data showed that CR was associated with a significant reduction in CRP with low heterogeneity (SMD −0.15 mg/L [95% CI −0.30 to −0.00], p = 0.04; I2 = 0%, p = 0.69) and IL‐6 with high heterogeneity (SMD −0.31 pg/mL [95% CI −0.51 to −0.10], p = 0.004; I2 = 73%, p = 0.001). IF was associated with a significant decrease in TNF‐alpha with moderate heterogeneity (SMD −0.32 pg/mL [95% CI −0.63 to −0.02], p = 0.04; I2 = 44%, p = 0.13). No associations were detected between IF and CRP or IL‐6 and CR and TNF‐alpha.ConclusionCR may be more effective in reducing chronic low‐grade inflammation than IF. However, there were some concerns regarding the included studies' randomization and allocation sequence concealment process.
Contextualized Metabolic Modelling Revealed Factors Affecting Isoflavone Accumulation in Soybean Seeds
Authors: Contador Carolina A. , Liu Ailin , Ng Ming‐Sin , Ku Yee‐Shan , Chan Siu H. J. , Lam Hon‐Ming 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIsoflavones, secondary metabolites with numerous health benefits, are predominantly found in legume seeds, especially soybean; however, their contents in domesticated soybean seeds are highly variable. Wild soybeans are known for higher seed isoflavone contents than cultivars. Here we used experimental and modelling approaches on wild soybean (W05) and cultivated soybean (C08) to delineate factors influencing isoflavone accumulation. We found imported nutrients were converted into storage compounds, with isoflavone accumulation in W05 seeds being faster than in C08 ones. The isoflavone accumulation during seed development was simulated using context‐specific cotyledon metabolic models of four developmental stages on cultivar C08, and the metabolic burden imposed by increasing biomass was evaluated. Trade‐off analyses between biomass and isoflavone suggest that high biomass requirement in cultivars could limit the reallocation of resources for secondary metabolite production. Isoflavone production in mature seeds was also influenced by biomass compositions. Seeds with higher carbohydrate contents favour isoflavone production, while those with highest protein and oil contents had lowest isoflavone contents. Although seeds could synthesize isoflavones on their own, the predicted fluxes from biosynthesis alone were lower than the empirical levels. Shadow price analyses indicated that isoflavone accumulation depended on both intrinsic biosynthesis and direct contribution from the plant.
Magnetic resonance imaging–based machine learning classification of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Di Camillo Fabio , Grimaldi David Antonio , Cattarinussi Giulia , Di Giorgio Annabella , Locatelli Clara , Khuntia Adyasha , Enrico Paolo , Brambilla Paolo , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Sambataro Fabio 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundRecent advances in multivariate pattern recognition have fostered the search for reliable neuroimaging‐based biomarkers in psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia. These approaches consider the complex pattern of alterations in brain function and structure, overcoming the limitations of traditional univariate methods. To assess the reliability of neuroimaging‐based biomarkers and the contribution of study characteristics in distinguishing individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) from healthy controls (HCs), we conducted a systematic review of the studies that used multivariate pattern recognition for this objective.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies on SSD classification using multivariate pattern analysis on magnetic resonance imaging data. We employed a bivariate random‐effects meta‐analytic model to explore the classification of sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) across studies while also evaluating the moderator effects of clinical and non‐clinical variables.ResultsA total of 119 studies (with 12,723 patients with SSD and 13,196 HCs) were identified. The meta‐analysis estimated a SE of 79.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.1%–81.0%) and a SP of 80.0% (95% CI, 77.8%–82.0%). In particular, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Global Assessment of Functioning scores, age, age of onset, duration of untreated psychosis, deep learning, algorithm type, features selection, and validation methods had significant effects on classification performance.ConclusionsMultivariate pattern analysis reliably identifies neuroimaging‐based biomarkers of SSD, achieving ∼80% SE and SP. Despite clinical heterogeneity, discernible brain modifications effectively differentiate SSD from HCs. Classification performance depends on patient‐related and methodological factors crucial for the development, validation, and application of prospective models in clinical settings.
Hydrothermal activity near the Permian–Triassic transition in the south‐western Ordos Basin, China: Evidence from carbonate cementation in Upper Permian sandstones
Authors: Cui Hang , Zhu Shifa , Gao Yishan , Chen Weiyan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCarbonate cementation in the Upper Permian sandstones informs the timing and temperature of hydrothermal activity in the south‐western Ordos Basin. This study presents a detailed examination of these hydrothermally influenced carbonate cements, constraining their age, carbonate diagenesis and relationship with regional geodynamic evolution. Sedimentological analyses demonstrate the development of deltaic plain and front sand bodies in the study area, which resulted in interbeds of volcanic matrix‐rich sandstones with matrix‐free sandstones. Petrography and electron microprobe analysis reveal four carbonate mineral growth phases of matrix‐free sandstones in the following sequence; scarce pure siderite, scarce Mg‐rich siderite, abundant blocky calcite and moderately abundant grain‐replacing calcite. The fluid inclusion data show anomalies of homogenization temperature of blocky carbonate cements during early diagenesis, over a wide range of ca 148 to 228°C. In addition, blocky carbonate cements show low δ13C (−5.9 to −13.1‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite) and δ18O (clustered tightly from −12.4 to −14.6‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite) values, interpreted to result from elevated temperatures during cementation, associated with activation of basement faults and concomitant hydrothermal fluid intrusion triggered by oceanic crust subduction in the south‐west margin of the Ordos Basin. Using in situ calcite U–Pb geochronology, the timing of hydrothermal activity was constrained to ca 247.0 ± 11 to 248.2 ± 4.7 Ma. This work provides a case study for applying intergranular calcite U–Pb dating to determine the absolute timing of fluid flow in sedimentary basins, offering tremendous potential to capture snapshots of various diagenetic evolution stages in sediments. The proposed diagenetic model can also provide new insights and understanding regarding hydrothermally influenced sediments. More importantly, hydrothermal activity may have commenced earlier than previously thought. The North Qinling Orogen uplift and associated Mianlue oceanic crust subduction may have begun at the Permian–Triassic transition with a protracted hydrothermal event in the south‐western Ordos Basin.