bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Three-Dimensional Flow around African Easterly Waves
Authors: Brammer Alan , Thorncroft Chris D. 
Published: April 2017

This study presents a large-scale trajectory analysis of African easterly waves (AEWs) across West Africa and the eastern Atlantic. Back trajectories were initialized at multiple pressure levels from in and around the vortex center of the AEW troughs to reveal the source regions of environmental inflow. The trajectory analysis highlights a changing influence of environmental air on AEW troughs. Over West Africa, monsoonal flow dominates with source regions of air from the southwest and east to northeast influencing the trough. As the AEW troughs leave West Africa, flow from the northwest becomes increasingly important. Cluster analysis highlighted that the contribution of trajectories from the northwest increased as the AEW troughs move westward and that this cluster also had high variability in environmental characteristics. Correlation analysis of outgoing longwave radiation around the troughs with environmental characteristics 72 h earlier was conducted on 443 AEWs. This analysis reveals that the impact of the various source regions on convective activity within the AEW troughs is consistent with the cluster trajectory analysis. While the AEW troughs were over West Africa, convection was sensitive to midlevel equivalent potential temperature [Formula: see text] around the trough and to the northeast of the trough axis. Over the West African coast and Cape Verde basin, the correlation analysis captures the changing flow regime with sensitivity to [Formula: see text] west of the trough axis at midlevels and northwest at low levels. These results highlight that the cool and dry low-level northerly trade winds over the Canary and Cape Verde basin can be a crucial influence on AEWs as they leave West Africa.
The acute effects of baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata) on satiety in healthy adults
Authors: Garvey Rebecca , Clegg Miriam , Coe Shelly 
Published: April 2017

Background: The baobab fruit is high in both dietary fibre and polyphenols and therefore may increase satiety. The aim of the study was to measure the effects of baobab fruit extract on satiety. Methods: The study was conducted on 20 healthy participants. The study was a one-day single-blind crossover design. Participants were randomised to either a test smoothie consisting of 15 g of baobab extract or a control smoothie without the addition of baobab. Subjective ratings of satiety were taken on visual analogue scales immediately pre-consumption and then post-consumption, and energy intake at a post ad libitum meal was recorded. Results: Subjective measures of hunger were reduced following the test smoothie compared with the control ( p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in calorie intake at an ad libitum meal. Conclusions: This research has positive implications for the use of baobab for reducing hunger, possibly having a positive effect on weight maintenance.
Une pensée d’archipel face aux orientations mondiales selon Édouard Glissant
Authors: Lipiński Kamil 
Published: April 2017

Résumé Cet article propose une perspective pour une discussion consacrée à la théorie du postcolonial et à la pensée d’Édouard Glissant mettant l’accent sur l’archipel comme une stratégie de résistance face aux transformations mondiales. Cette contre-poétique de la pensée d’archipel s’appuie sur les formes d’opacité et de transparence visant à approprier l’influence continentale dans le processus d’hybridation et de créolisation. L’auteur vise à approcher la réalité des colonisés en établissant des dichotomies comme celle de l’identité rhizome / identité racine ou de la pensée archipélique / pensée continentale dans l’objectif d’illustrer les mouvements mondiales, complexes, hétérogènes, organiques, virevoltants. Les réflexions consacrées à la figure de la Relation permettent de reconstruire la tradition des ancêtres en temps d’un déplacement « rhizomatique » des personnes et la diffusion des langues dans une espace multiculturelle.
Glucose Variations and Activity Are Strongly Coupled in Sleep and Wake in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Farabi Sarah S. , Carley David W. , Quinn Lauretta 
Published: April 2017

Background: Glucose variations are common throughout sleep and wakefulness in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The objective of this investigation was to characterize the time-varying coupling between glucose and unstructured physical activity over a 60-hr period in young adults with T1DM. The hypothesis was that coupling would differ during sleep versus wakefulness and would exhibit circadian variations. Method: Young adults with T1DM treated with an insulin pump participated in the study. Glucose variations were monitored with a continuous glucose monitoring system, and activity was assessed using an activity-monitoring band worn on the nondominant wrist. Simultaneous glucose and physical activity data across a continuous 60-hr period were used for analysis. Wavelet coherence analysis was employed to quantify the coupling between physical activity and glucose. Cosinor analysis was used to assess whether glucose/activity coherence exhibited significant circadian variations. Results: Participants comprised 23 adults, aged 18−30 years, with T1DM. Coherence analysis demonstrated substantial coupling between physical activity and glucose variations during both wakefulness and sleep. For rapid (10–30 min) fluctuations, mean coherence was higher during sleep than wakefulness ( F = 10.86, p = .003). Rapid glucose variations consistently led to changes in activity ( p = .001) during sleep but not during wake. Cosinor analysis revealed significant circadian modulation of glucose/activity coupling, especially for fluctuation periods 2–4 hr. Conclusions: Unstructured physical activity and glucose variations demonstrated strong time- and frequency-dependent coupling over a 60-hr period in young adults with T1DM, with sleep/wake differences and circadian modulation evident in this relationship.
Primary Synovial Sarcoma of the Orbit
Authors: Xu Pei , Chen Jianbin 
Published: April 2017

Purpose: To describe the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics and therapies of a rare case of primary synovial sarcoma in the orbit. Design: Retrospective interventional case report. Participant: A 6-year-old girl with pathologically proven synovial sarcoma in the orbit. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Methods: The patient was treated with right lateral orbital and right temporal tumor resection, followed by chemotherapy. She was followed up every 3 months for 1 year. Results: The tumor was excised, and the patient received 5 courses of chemotherapy. She did well during the initial first-year follow-up with no recurrent signs. Conclusions: We reported the sixth case of primary synovial sarcoma in the orbit and the first case of a 6-year-old girl.
Digital revascularization and replantation using the wide-awake hand surgery technique
Authors: Wong JKF , Lin CH , Chang NJ , Chen HC , Lin YT , Hsu CC 
Published: April 2017

The use of local anaesthesia and adrenaline for hand surgery is gaining popularity; however, where vascularity is impaired, wide-awake surgery is considered a contraindication. We present our case series of five digital devascularizations and eight amputations that underwent surgery using the ‘wide-awake’ anaesthetic technique. A temporary digital tourniquet (< 20 min) was used in three cases to identify structures quickly. The anastomoses were performed under local anaesthesia without a tourniquet. All cases had successful re-establishment of blood flow with good perfusion to the digital tips; no cases were re-explored because of vascular crisis. Four cases had minor superficial soft tissue necrosis that healed secondarily. We conclude that digital revascularization and replantation can be performed under local anaesthesia with use of adrenaline and without detriment to the traumatized digit provided careful patient selection and adequate operator experience are available. Level of evidence: IV
Genome sequencing and analysis of Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype I strains FJAT-91, FJAT-452 and FJAT-462 isolated from tomato, eggplant, and chili pepper in China
Authors: Sun Yidan , Wang Keke , Caceres-Moreno Carlos , Jia Wei , Chen Aojun , Zhang Heng , Liu Renyi , Macho Alberto P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRalstonia solanacearum is an extremely destructive pathogen able to cause disease in a wide range of host plants. Here we report the draft genome sequences of the strains FJAT-91, FJAT-452 and FJAT-462, isolated from tomato, eggplant, and chili pepper, respectively, in China. In addition to the genome annotation, we performed a search for type-III secreted effectors in these strains, providing a detailed annotation of their presence and distinctive features compared to the effector repertoire of the reference phylotype I strain (GMI1000). In this analysis, we found that each strain has a unique effector repertoire, encoding both strain-specific effector variants and variations shared among all three strains. Our study, based on strains isolated from different hosts within the same geographical location, provides insight into effector repertoires sufficient to cause disease in different hosts, and may contribute to the identification of host specificity determinants for R. solanacearum.
Central Hypothyroidism Due to a TRHR Mutation Causing Impaired Ligand Affinity and Transactivation of Gq
Authors: García Marta , González de Buitrago Jesús , Jiménez-Rosés Mireia , Pardo Leonardo , Hinkle Patricia M. , Moreno José C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractContext:Central congenital hypothyroidism (CCH) is an underdiagnosed disorder characterized by deficient production and bioactivity of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) leading to low thyroid hormone synthesis. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor (TRHR) defects are rare recessive disorders usually associated with incidentally identified CCH and short stature in childhood.Objectives:Clinical and genetic characterization of a consanguineous family of Roma origin with central hypothyroidism and identification of underlying molecular mechanisms.Design:All family members were phenotyped with thyroid hormone profiles, pituitary magnetic resonance imaging, TRH tests, and dynamic tests for other pituitary hormones. Candidate TRH, TRHR, TSHB, and IGSF1 genes were screened for mutations. A mutant TRHR was characterized in vitro and by molecular modeling.Results:A homozygous missense mutation in TRHR (c.392T &gt; C; p.I131T) was identified in an 8-year-old boy with moderate hypothyroidism (TSH: 2.61 mIU/L, Normal: 0.27 to 4.2; free thyroxine: 9.52 pmol/L, Normal: 10.9 to 25.7) who was overweight (body mass index: 20.4 kg/m2, p91) but had normal stature (122 cm; –0.58 standard deviation). His mother, two brothers, and grandmother were heterozygous for the mutation with isolated hyperthyrotropinemia (TSH: 4.3 to 8 mIU/L). The I131T mutation, in TRHR intracellular loop 2, decreases TRH affinity and increases the half-maximal effective concentration for signaling. Modeling of TRHR-Gq complexes predicts that the mutation disrupts the interaction between receptor and a hydrophobic pocket formed by Gq.Conclusions:A unique missense TRHR defect identified in a consanguineous family is associated with central hypothyroidism in homozygotes and hyperthyrotropinemia in heterozygotes, suggesting compensatory elevation of TSH with reduced biopotency. The I131T mutation decreases TRH binding and TRHR-Gq coupling and signaling.
ESTIMATION OF REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF THE COMPLEX PLANT REMEDY �TIREOTON�
Authors: ������  , Ubeeva Iraida , ��������  , Nikolaev Sergey , ���������  , Razuvaeva Yanina , ������  , Verlan Nadezhda , �������  , Ayusheeva Viktoriya 
Published: April 2017

To study the probable negative influence of the complex remedy �Tireoton� on the reproductive function of the laboratory
animals the following tests have been carried out, namely the probable occurrence of embryo-toxicity, teratogenicity,
foetotoxicity and its influence on the postnatal development of the laboratory animals progeny. The experiments have
been carried out of the white Wistar rats. It has been established that the �Tireoton� at the doses of 75 and 750 mg/ kg
has no embryotoxic, teratogenic and fetotoxical effect. The introduction of the �Tireoton� at the dose of 750 mg/kg
since 6th to 19th day of pregnancy does not influence on the postnatal development of white rats progeny.
Coping Responses in Phishing Detection: An Investigation of Antecedents and Consequences
Authors: Wang Jingguo , Li Yuan , Rao H. Raghav 
Published: April 2017

This study investigates users’ coping responses in the process of phishing email detection. Three common responses are identified based on the coping literature: task-focused coping, emotion-focused coping (i.e., worry and self-criticism), and avoidance coping. The three responses are used to conceptualize a higher-order construct, coping adaptiveness, that resides on a continuum between maladaptive coping and adaptive coping (manifested as increased task-focused coping and decreased emotion-focused coping and avoidance coping). Drawing on the extended parallel process model and behavioral decision-making literature, this paper examines the antecedents (i.e., perceived phishing threat, perceived detection efficacy, and phishing anxiety) and behavioral consequences (i.e., detection effort and detection accuracy) of coping adaptiveness. A survey experiment with 547 U.S. consumers was conducted. The results show that perceived detection efficacy increases coping adaptiveness. Partially mediated by phishing anxiety, perceived phishing threat decreases coping adaptiveness. Coping adaptiveness positively impacts the two objective measures in the study, detection effort and detection accuracy. The results also suggest that coping adaptiveness and detection effort have different effects on false positives compared to false negatives: detection effort fully mediates the effect of coping adaptiveness on false positive rate (or detection accuracy related to legitimate emails), but has no impact on false negatives (or detection accuracy related to phishing emails), unlike coping adaptiveness. A post hoc analysis on coping responses reveals two patterns of coping among subjects, throwing more light on coping in phishing detection. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2016.0680 .
The Concordance of Parent and Child Immunization
Authors: Robison Steve G. , Osborn Andrew W. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND:
A substantial body of work has related survey-based parental vaccine hesitancy to noncompliant childhood immunization. However little attention has been paid to the connection between parents’ own immunization behavior and the immunizations their children receive.

METHODS:
Using the Oregon ALERT Immunization Information System, we identified adult caregiver–child pairs for children between 9 months and 17 years of age. The likelihood of adult–child concordance of influenza immunization per influenza season from 2010–2011 through 2014–2015 was assessed. The utility of adult immunization as a predictor was also assessed for other, noninfluenza recommended immunizations for children and adolescents.

RESULTS:
A total of 450 687 matched adult caregiver–child pairs were included in the study. The children of immunizing adults were 2.77 times more likely to also be immunized for seasonal influenza across all seasons (95% confidence interval, 2.74–2.79), with similar results applying within each season. Adult immunization status was also significantly associated with the likelihood of children and adolescents getting other noninfluenza immunizations, such as the human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV). When adults improved their own behavior from nonimmunizing to immunizing across influenza seasons, their children if not immunized in the previous season were 5.44 times (95% confidence interval, 5.35–5.53) more likely to become immunized for influenza.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children’s likelihood of following immunization recommendations is associated with the immunization behavior of their parents. Encouraging parental immunization is a potential tool for increasing children’s immunization rates.
Effect of dexmedetomidine as adjuvant in supraclavicular block for upper limb orthopedic surgeries
Authors: Modh Dixitkumar B. , Parmar Manthan , Solanki Shilpin 
Published: April 2017

Background: Dexmedetomidine has anxiolytic, sedative, hypnosis, analgesic, antisialogogue and sympatholytic properties which render it suitable as an adjuvant. Hence this study was aimed to prove its efficacy as an adjuvant to lignocaine and bupivacaine for supraclavicular block in patients undergoing orthopedic upper limb surgeries. Other objectives of the study were to evaluate and compare the onset and duration of sensory and motor block as well as total analgesia, to compare effect on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters and to study any adverse effect associated with dexmedetomidine as adjuvant.Methods: Sixty patients of ASA physical status class I & II of elective upper limb forearm orthopedic surgeries were selected in our study. Patients in group NS (n=30) received 10 ml lignocaine 2% + 20 ml bupivacaine 0.5% + 1 ml normal saline for supraclavicular block and group D (n=30) received 10 ml lignocaine 2% + 20 ml bupivacaine 0.5% + 1 µg/kg of Dexmedetomidine for the same block. The onset and duration of sensory and motor block, total duration of analgesia, need of rescue analgesic postoperatively, postoperative VAS score was assessed and compared between the two groups.Results: Demographic data and surgical characteristics are comparable in both the groups. The onset of sensory and motor block was significantly lower (p <0.05) in group D than in group NS. The duration of sensory and motor block was significantly higher (p <0.01) in group D when compared to group NS. The duration of analgesic requirement postoperatively was significantly higher (p <0.01) in group D than group NS. No significant change in observations was made for hemodynamic parameters in both the groups.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine can be considered as an adjuvant to lignocaine and bupivacaine mixture for excellent quality supraclavicular block without any side effects and provide good sedation in patients undergoing orthopedic upper limb surgeries.
Osteossíntese no Tratamento Cirúrgico dos Prognatismos: Estado da Arte
Authors: Durão Nuno , Amarante José 
Published: April 2017

Introdução: O prognatismo é uma alteração esquelética facial comum, associada a má-oclusão de classe III, por vezes repercutindose na qualidade de vida. Juntamente com tratamento ortodôntico, a osteotomia sagital de ramo da mandíbula é a técnica mais usada para a sua correção, sendo a osteossíntese dos segmentos um elemento importante do resultado pós-cirúrgico.Material e Métodos: Foi pesquisada literatura na base de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, juntamente com consulta de outras fontes de informação.Resultados: Os temas mais estudados envolvem a estabilidade de vários métodos de osteossíntese, as repercussões destes nas lesões do nervo alveolar inferior e posicionamento condilar, e também o tipo de material.Discussão: São descritos estudos recentes sobre o tipo de osteossíntese na osteotomia sagital de ramo para recuo mandibular.Conclusão: As miniplacas parecem ser mais vantajosas para a fixação da osteotomia sagital de ramo para recuo mandibular. Os materiais bioabsorvíveis aparentam ser uma alternativa aceitável ao titânio convencional.
Penfigoide Bolhoso Tratado com Sucesso com Rituximab
Authors: Silva Nuno , Costa Andreia , Salvador Fernando , Serradeiro Elisa 
Published: April 2017

O penfigoide bolhoso é uma doença autoimune caracterizada pela formação de bolhas subepidérmicas. Pode ser autolimitada mas quando necessário o tratamento passa pelo uso de corticoides, imunossupressores, e em última linha agentes biológicos. Apresenta-se o caso de um doente de 37 anos com penfigoide bolhoso com uma forma de apresentação grave e refratária. Após cerca de um mês de tratamento com vários fármacos de primeira linha, por ausência de resposta, optou-se por iniciar rituximab com franca melhoria das lesões. Os autores pretendem realçar a utilidade e eficácia deste fármaco nesta patologia.
Tuberculose Multirresistente por Estirpes da Família Beijing, em Doentes de Lisboa, Portugal: Estudo Preliminar
Authors: Maltez Fernando , Martins Teresa , Póvoas Diana , Cabo João , Peres Helena , Antunes Francisco , Perdigão João , Portugal Isabel 
Published: April 2017

Introdução: As estirpes de Mycobacterium tuberculosis da família Beijing estão associadas à multirresistência. As estirpes da família Lisboa prevalecem entre os doentes com tuberculose multirresistente e extensivamente resistente desta região, mas vários estudos documentam a presença da família Beijing, embora desconhecendo-se as características dos doentes donde foram isoladas.Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 104 estirpes multirresistentes e extensivamente resistentes de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isoladas e genotipadas, de 1993 a 2015, de igual número de doentes de Lisboa. Avaliámos a prevalência de ambas as famílias de estirpes e as características epidemiológicas e clínicas, dos infectados por estirpes Beijing.Resultados: Setenta e quatro estirpes (71,2%) pertenciam à família Lisboa, 25 (24,0%) apresentavam padrão genotípico único e cinco (4,8%) pertenciam à família Beijing, estas identificadas depois de 2009. Os infectados pela estirpe Beijing eram de nacionalidade angolana (n = 1), ucraniana (n = 2) e portuguesa (n = 2), na maioria jovens, quatro em cinco imunocompetentes e sem história de tuberculose anterior. Todos tinham tuberculose multirresistente. Não detectámos apresentações clínicas ou radiológicas diferenciadoras, nem padrão de resistências predominante. A taxa de cura foi alta (quatro doentes).Discussão: Apesar do número de doentes infectados pela estirpe Beijing ser reduzido, sugere proporção importante de tuberculose primária, potencial de transmissão na comunidade, mas, também, melhor evolução clínica do que a descrita para outras estirpes, como a W-Beijing ou a Lisboa.Conclusão: Apesar das estirpes da família Lisboa serem as principais responsáveis pelos casos de tuberculose multirresistente e extensivamente resistente na região de Lisboa, as estirpes Beijing transmitem-se na cidade e poderão modificar as características locais da epidemia.