bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explicit solutions for a probabilistic moraine preservation model
Authors: MUZIKAR PAUL 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIf a series of glacial advances occurs over the same pathway, the moraines that are now present may constitute an incomplete record of the total history. This is because a given advance can destroy the moraine left by a previous one, if the previous advance was less extensive. Gibbons, Megeath and Pierce (GMP) formulated an elegant stochastic model for this process; the key quantity in their analysis is $\bi P(n\vert N)$, the probability that n moraines are preserved after N glacial advances. In their paper, GMP derive a recursion formula satisfied by $\bi P(n\vert N)$, and use this formula to compute values of P for a range of values of n and N. In the present paper, we derive an explicit general answer for $\bi P(n\vert N)$, and show explicit, exact results for the mean value and standard deviation of n. We use these results to develop more insight into the consequences of the GMP model; for example, to a good approximation, 〈n〉 increases as ln(N). We explain how a Bayesian approach can be used to analyze $\bi P(N\vert n)$, the probability that there were N advances, given that we now observe n moraines.
Public Religion and Secularization in England: Defending Bryan R. Wilson
Authors: Bruce Steve 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMatthew Wood’s recent article in theEuropean Journal of Sociologyis a useful addition to the secularization debate. There is value in studying ways in which religious organizations now attempt to re-enter the public arena and the secularizing consequences of such activity. However, there is no justification for framing that case as an indictment of either Bryan R. Wilson’s original 1966 presentation of the modern sociological secularization theory or the subsequent work of others in the same paradigm. This rejoinder explains Wilson’s apparent assuming rather than demonstrating the declining influence of religious institutions and concludes that his work can be augmented without asserting that he had missed something which fundamentally alters the secularization approach to religious change.
Skin impressions of the last European dinosaurs
Authors: FONDEVILLA VÍCTOR , VILA BERNAT , OMS ORIOL , GALOBART ÀNGEL 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSouthwestern Europe is one of the best regions for characterizing the dinosaur assemblages that prevailed just before the end-Cretaceous extinction. Aiming to better document this scenario, we provide the first evidence of dinosaur skin impressions in the red-beds of the Tremp Formation (southern Pyrenees). The impressions are assigned to sauropods (probably titanosaurians) on the basis of their scale morphology, arrangement and size. They represent a valuable tool for analysing the last occurrences of the sauropod clade before the K–Pg extinction, as they fall within chron C29r (latest Maastrichtian), thus representing some of the lastin situremains of this clade worldwide.
Health informatics model for helminthiasis in Thailand
Authors: Nithikathkul C. , Trevanich A. , Wongsaroj T. , Wongsawad C. , Reungsang P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAt the beginning of the new millennium, helminth infections continue to be prevalent, particularly among impoverished populations. This study attempts to create the first health informatics model of helminthiasis in Thailand. The authors investigate how a health informatics model could be used to predict the control and eradication in a national control campaign. Fish-borne helminthiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini remains a major public health problem in many parts of South-East Asia, including Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia. The epicentre of this disease is located in north-east Thailand, where high prevalence coexists with a high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA). The current report was conducted to determine a mathematical model of surveillance for helminthiasis while also using a geographic information system. The fish-borne helminthiasis model or the predicted equation was Y1 = 3.028 + 0.020 (elevation) – 2.098 (clay). For soil-transmitted helminthiasis, the mathematical model or the predicted equation was Y2 = −1.559 + 0.005 (rainfall) + 0.004 (elevation) − 2.198 (clay). The Ministry of Public Health has concluded that mass treatment for helminthiasis in the Thai population, targeting high-risk individuals, may be a cost-effective way to allocate limited funds. This type of approach, as well as further study on the correlation of clinical symptoms with environmental and geographic information, may offer a novel strategy to the helminth crisis.
Religiosity, race/ethnicity, and alcohol use behaviors in the United States
Authors: Meyers J. L. , Brown Q. , Grant B. F. , Hasin D. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundReligiosity is a protective factor against many health problems, including alcohol use disorders (AUD). Studies suggest that religiosity has greater buffering effects on mental health problems among US Blacks and Hispanics than Whites. However, whether race/ethnic differences exist in the associations of religiosity, alcohol consumption and AUD is unclear.MethodUsing 2004–2005 NESARC data (analytic n = 21 965), we examined the relationship of public religiosity (i.e. frequency of service attendance, religious social group size), and intrinsic religiosity (i.e. importance of religious/spiritual beliefs) to frequency of alcohol use and DSM-IV AUD in non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks, Hispanics and NH Whites, and whether associations differed by self-identified race/ethnicity.ResultsOnly public religiosity was related to AUD. Frequency of religious service attendance was inversely associated with AUD (NH Whites β: −0.103, p < 0.001; NH Blacks β: −0.115, p < 0.001; Hispanics β: −0.096, p < 0.001). This association was more robust for NH Blacks as compared with NH Whites and Hispanics (interaction β: 0.025, p < 0.001). Among NH Whites, higher intrinsic religiosity was inversely associated with alcohol use frequency (β: −0.143, p < 0.001). These effects were more robust among NH Whites (interaction (β: 0.072, p < 0.033) than for NH Blacks (β: −0.080, p > 0.05) or Hispanics (β: −0.002, p > 0.05).ConclusionsUS adults reporting greater public religiosity were at lower risk for AUD. Public religiosity may be particularly important among NH Blacks, while intrinsic religiosity may be particularly important among NH Whites, and among Hispanics who frequently attend religious services. Findings may be explained by variation in drinking-related norms observed among these groups generally, and in the context of specific religious institutions.
Plasma-filled diode with a rod anode for repetitive pulsed X-ray sources
Authors: Kovalchuk B.M. , Zherlitsyn A.A. , Tsoy N.V. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe paper presents a cylindrical diode with a rod anode for repetitive pulsed intense X-ray sources. The diode uses a massive anode of diameter 1 cm, thus increasing the lifetime of the energy converter. The diode gap is preliminary filled with ions produced by cathode flare in a vacuum discharge, allowing electron beam pinching at a voltage of <200 kV. In the mode of pinching, the diode is an efficient source of high-power X rays. At a distance of 20 cm from the X-ray source, the radiation dose per pulse is 0.4 R at a peak power of 7 × 106 R/s. The full-width at half-maximum of the radiation pulse is 40 ns. The power in the diode is 1.8 GW at a beam current of 10 kA and exceeds the maximum power of the generator operating onto a matched load with constant resistance.
Discrepancies among Measures of Executive Functioning in a Subsample of Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumor: Associations with Treatment Intensity
Authors: McCurdy Mark D. , Turner Elise M. , Barakat Lamia P. , Hobbie Wendy L. , Deatrick Janet A. , Paltin Iris , Fisher Michael J. , Hocking Matthew C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectives:Treatments for childhood brain tumors (BT) confer substantial risks to neurological development and contribute to neuropsychological deficits in young adulthood. Evidence suggests that individuals who experience more significant neurological insult may lack insight into their neurocognitive limitations. The present study compared survivor, mother, and performance-based estimates of executive functioning (EF), and their associations with treatment intensity history in a subsample of young adult survivors of childhood BTs.Methods:Thirty-four survivors (52.9% female), aged 18 to 30 years (M=23.5;SD=3.4), 16.1 years post-diagnosis (SD=5.9), were administered self-report and performance-based EF measures. Mothers also rated survivor EF skills. Survivors were classified by treatment intensity history into Minimal, Average/Moderate, or Intensive/Most-Intensive groups. Discrepancies among survivor, mother, and performance-based EF estimates were compared.Results:Survivor-reported and performance-based measures were not correlated, although significant associations were found between mother-reported and performance measures. Survivors in the Intensive/Most-Intensive treatment group evidenced the greatest score discrepancies, reporting less executive dysfunction relative to mother-reportedF(2,31)=7.81,p<.01, and performance-based measuresF(14,50)=2.54,p<.05. Conversely, survivors in the Minimal treatment group reported greater EF difficulties relative to motherst(8)=2.82,p<.05, but not performance-based estimates (ps>.05).Conclusions:There may be a lack of agreement among survivor, mother, and performance-based estimates of EF skills in young adult survivors of childhood BT, and these discrepancies may be associated with treatment intensity history. Neuropsychologists should use a multi-method, multi-reporter approach to assessment of EF in this population. Providers also should be aware of these discrepancies as they may be a barrier to intervention efforts. (JINS, 2016,22, 900–910)
Emerging flexible and wearable physical sensing platforms for healthcare and biomedical applications
Authors: Kenry  , Yeo Joo Chuan , Lim Chwee Teck 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThere are now numerous emerging flexible and wearable sensing technologies that can perform a myriad of physical and physiological measurements. Rapid advances in developing and implementing such sensors in the last several years have demonstrated the growing significance and potential utility of this unique class of sensing platforms. Applications include wearable consumer electronics, soft robotics, medical prosthetics, electronic skin, and health monitoring. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of the emerging flexible and wearable sensing platforms for healthcare and biomedical applications. We first introduce the selection of flexible and stretchable materials and the fabrication of sensors based on these materials. We then compare the different solid-state and liquid-state physical sensing platforms and examine the mechanical deformation-based working mechanisms of these sensors. We also highlight some of the exciting applications of flexible and wearable physical sensors in emerging healthcare and biomedical applications, in particular for artificial electronic skins, physiological health monitoring and assessment, and therapeutic and drug delivery. Finally, we conclude this review by offering some insight into the challenges and opportunities facing this field.
Ferroelectricity by Bose–Einstein condensation in a quantum magnet
Authors: Kimura S. , Kakihata K. , Sawada Y. , Watanabe K. , Matsumoto M. , Hagiwara M. , Tanaka H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Bose–Einstein condensation is a fascinating phenomenon, which results from quantum statistics for identical particles with an integer spin. Surprising properties, such as superfluidity, vortex quantization or Josephson effect, appear owing to the macroscopic quantum coherence, which spontaneously develops in Bose–Einstein condensates. Realization of Bose–Einstein condensation is not restricted in fluids like liquid helium, a superconducting phase of paired electrons in a metal and laser-cooled dilute alkali atoms. Bosonic quasi-particles like exciton-polariton and magnon in solids-state systems can also undergo Bose–Einstein condensation in certain conditions. Here, we report that the quantum coherence in Bose–Einstein condensate of the magnon quasi particles yields spontaneous electric polarization in the quantum magnet TlCuCl3, leading to remarkable magnetoelectric effect. Very soft ferroelectricity is realized as a consequence of the O(2) symmetry breaking by magnon Bose–Einstein condensation. The finding of this ferroelectricity will open a new window to explore multi-functionality of quantum magnets.
Optimization of hierarchical structure and nanoscale-enabled plasmonic refraction for window electrodes in photovoltaics
Authors: Han Bing , Peng Qiang , Li Ruopeng , Rong Qikun , Ding Yang , Akinoglu Eser Metin , Wu Xueyuan , Wang Xin , Lu Xubing , Wang Qianming , Zhou Guofu , Liu Jun-Ming , Ren Zhifeng , Giersig Michael , Herczynski Andrzej , Kempa Krzysztof , Gao Jinwei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn ideal network window electrode for photovoltaic applications should provide an optimal surface coverage, a uniform current density into and/or from a substrate, and a minimum of the overall resistance for a given shading ratio. Here we show that metallic networks with quasi-fractal structure provides a near-perfect practical realization of such an ideal electrode. We find that a leaf venation network, which possesses key characteristics of the optimal structure, indeed outperforms other networks. We further show that elements of hierarchal topology, rather than details of the branching geometry, are of primary importance in optimizing the networks, and demonstrate this experimentally on five model artificial hierarchical networks of varied levels of complexity. In addition to these structural effects, networks containing nanowires are shown to acquire transparency exceeding the geometric constraint due to the plasmonic refraction.
The RNA-binding protein vigilin regulates VLDL secretion through modulation of Apob mRNA translation
Authors: Mobin Mehrpouya B. , Gerstberger Stefanie , Teupser Daniel , Campana Benedetta , Charisse Klaus , Heim Markus H. , Manoharan Muthiah , Tuschl Thomas , Stoffel Markus 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe liver is essential for the synthesis of plasma proteins and integration of lipid metabolism. While the role of transcriptional networks in these processes is increasingly understood, less is known about post-transcriptional control of gene expression by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Here, we show that the RBP vigilin is upregulated in livers of obese mice and in patients with fatty liver disease. By usingin vivo, biochemical and genomic approaches, we demonstrate that vigilin controls very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion through the modulation of apolipoproteinB/ApobmRNA translation. Crosslinking studies reveal that vigilin binds to CU-rich regions in the mRNA coding sequence ofApoband other proatherogenic secreted proteins, including apolipoproteinC-III/Apoc3and fibronectin/Fn1. Consequently, hepatic vigilin knockdown decreases VLDL/low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and formation of atherosclerotic plaques inLdlr−/−mice. These studies uncover a role for vigilin as a key regulator of hepaticApobtranslation and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting vigilin for cardiovascular diseases.
Nutrient enrichment induces dormancy and decreases diversity of active bacteria in salt marsh sediments
Authors: Kearns Patrick J. , Angell John H. , Howard Evan M. , Deegan Linda A. , Stanley Rachel H. R. , Bowen Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMicroorganisms control key biogeochemical pathways, thus changes in microbial diversity, community structure and activity can affect ecosystem response to environmental drivers. Understanding factors that control the proportion of active microbes in the environment and how they vary when perturbed is critical to anticipating ecosystem response to global change. Increasing supplies of anthropogenic nitrogen to ecosystems globally makes it imperative that we understand how nutrient supply alters active microbial communities. Here we show that nitrogen additions to salt marshes cause a shift in the active microbial community despite no change in the total community. The active community shift causes the proportion of dormant microbial taxa to double, from 45 to 90%, and induces diversity loss in the active portion of the community. Our results suggest that perturbations to salt marshes can drastically alter active microbial communities, however these communities may remain resilient by protecting total diversity through increased dormancy.
FHF-independent conduction of action potentials along the leak-resistant cerebellar granule cell axon
Authors: Dover Katarzyna , Marra Christopher , Solinas Sergio , Popovic Marko , Subramaniyam Sathyaa , Zecevic Dejan , D’Angelo Egidio , Goldfarb Mitchell 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNeurons in vertebrate central nervous systems initiate and conduct sodium action potentials in distinct subcellular compartments that differ architecturally and electrically. Here, we report several unanticipated passive and active properties of the cerebellar granule cell’s unmyelinated axon. Whereas spike initiation at the axon initial segment relies on sodium channel (Nav)-associated fibroblast growth factor homologous factor (FHF) proteins to delay Nav inactivation, distal axonal Navs show little FHF association or FHF requirement for high-frequency transmission, velocity and waveforms of conducting action potentials. In addition, leak conductance density along the distal axon is estimated as <1% that of somatodendritic membrane. The faster inactivation rate of FHF-free Navs together with very low axonal leak conductance serves to minimize ionic fluxes and energetic demand during repetitive spike conduction and at rest. The absence of FHFs from Navs at nodes of Ranvier in the central nervous system suggests a similar mechanism of current flux minimization along myelinated axons.
See–saw relationship of the Holocene East Asian–Australian summer monsoon
Authors: Eroglu Deniz , McRobie Fiona H. , Ozken Ibrahim , Stemler Thomas , Wyrwoll Karl-Heinz , Breitenbach Sebastian F. M. , Marwan Norbert , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe East Asian–Indonesian–Australian summer monsoon (EAIASM) links the Earth’s hemispheres and provides a heat source that drives global circulation. At seasonal and inter-seasonal timescales, the summer monsoon of one hemisphere is linked via outflows from the winter monsoon of the opposing hemisphere. Long-term phase relationships between the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and the Indonesian–Australian summer monsoon (IASM) are poorly understood, raising questions of long-term adjustments to future greenhouse-triggered climate change and whether these changes could ‘lock in’ possible IASM and EASM phase relationships in a region dependent on monsoonal rainfall. Here we show that a newly developed nonlinear time series analysis technique allows confident identification of strong versus weak monsoon phases at millennial to sub-centennial timescales. We find a see–saw relationship over the last 9,000 years—with strong and weak monsoons opposingly phased and triggered by solar variations. Our results provide insights into centennial- to millennial-scale relationships within the wider EAIASM regime.
De novo transcriptome assembly databases for the butterfly orchid Phalaenopsis equestris
Authors: Niu Shan-Ce , Xu Qing , Zhang Guo-Qiang , Zhang Yong-Qiang , Tsai Wen-Chieh , Hsu Jui-Ling , Liang Chieh-Kai , Luo Yi-Bo , Liu Zhong-Jian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOrchids are renowned for their spectacular flowers and ecological adaptations. After the sequencing of the genome of the tropical epiphytic orchid Phalaenopsis equestris, we combined Illumina HiSeq2000 for RNA-Seq and Trinity for de novo assembly to characterize the transcriptomes for 11 diverse P. equestris tissues representing the root, stem, leaf, flower buds, column, lip, petal, sepal and three developmental stages of seeds. Our aims were to contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving the analysed tissue characteristics and to enrich the available data for P. equestris. Here, we present three databases. The first dataset is the RNA-Seq raw reads, which can be used to execute new experiments with different analysis approaches. The other two datasets allow different types of searches for candidate homologues. The second dataset includes the sets of assembled unigenes and predicted coding sequences and proteins, enabling a sequence-based search. The third dataset consists of the annotation results of the aligned unigenes versus the Nonredundant (Nr) protein database, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) databases with low e-values, enabling a name-based search.
Long-term data set of small mammals from owl pellets in the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition area
Authors: Escribano Nora , Galicia David , Ariño Arturo H. , Escala Carmen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe describe the pellet sampling data set from the Vertebrate Collection of the Museum of Zoology of the University of Navarra. This data set compiles all information about small mammals obtained from the analysis of owl pellets. The collection consists on skulls, mandibles, and some skeletons of 36 species of more than 72,000 georeferenced specimens. These specimens come from the Iberian Peninsula although most samples were collected in Navarra, a highly diverse transitional area of 10,000 kilometre square sitting across three biogeographical regions. The collection spans more than forty years and is still growing as a result of the establishment of a barn owl pellet monitoring network in 2015. The program will provide critical information about the evolution of the small mammals’ community in this transition zone as it changes over time.
The Harvard organic photovoltaic dataset
Authors: Lopez Steven A. , Pyzer-Knapp Edward O. , Simm Gregor N. , Lutzow Trevor , Li Kewei , Seress Laszlo R. , Hachmann Johannes , Aspuru-Guzik Alán 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Harvard Organic Photovoltaic Dataset (HOPV15) presented in this work is a collation of experimental photovoltaic data from the literature, and corresponding quantum-chemical calculations performed over a range of conformers, each with quantum chemical results using a variety of density functionals and basis sets. It is anticipated that this dataset will be of use in both relating electronic structure calculations to experimental observations through the generation of calibration schemes, as well as for the creation of new semi-empirical methods and the benchmarking of current and future model chemistries for organic electronic applications.