bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy: Advanced Machine Learning in Virtual Patient-Specific Plan Verification-Review Study
Authors: Komalasari Rita 
Published: September 2024

Background: Virtual patient-specific plan verification in radiotherapy is critical to ensure precise dose delivery while minimizing healthy tissue exposure, particularly in prostate cancer treatments. Prior studies, however, have overlooked the physical implications of predictor features and lacked comprehensive decision support tools, leading to gaps in understanding and practical application. This research aims to bridge these gaps by providing a nuanced understanding of predictor features, exploring advanced automatic feature extraction methods, emphasizing model reliability, and proposing a comprehensive decision support tool. Our objective is to optimize radiotherapy protocols, ensuring safer and more effective treatments for patients undergoing prostate cancer therapy. Methods: This research employs a literature review approach. An extensive literature study served as the foundation. Results: Our study reveals that understanding the physical implications of predictor features significantly enhances prediction accuracy. Utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) models for automatic feature extraction improves prediction performance, providing robust and transferable results. Conclusions: By emphasizing model reliability through the integration of treatment plan parameters, our approach ensures stable predictions across diverse patient cases. The proposed decision support tool offers clinicians detailed insights into predicted dose deliverability, facilitating informed decision-making for patient-specific treatment plans. Through these advancements, our research contributes to the optimization of radiotherapy protocols, ensuring safer and more effective treatments for patients undergoing prostate cancer therapy.
Identification of CDH4 Gene Copy Number Alteration and Its Association with Clinical Profile of Colorectal Cancer Patient
Authors: Ayu Dewi Ni Nyoman , Rompis Andreliano Yosua , Mulyawan I Made , Ekawati Ni Putu , Sun H Sunny 
Published: September 2024

Background: The genes cadherin 4 (CDH4), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), V-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), and microsatellite instability (MSI) each play a role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). CDH4 gene is located in chromosome 20q13.33 and its amplification or gain is the earliest mutational event found in the majority of CRC and colon polyps. This study aimed to identify copy number alteration in the CDH4 gene and its association with the clinical profile of CRC patients, including gender, age, tumor location and differentiation, frequency of BRAF and KRAS mutations, and MSI status. Methods: The DNA was extracted from 50 tumors and adjacent normal tissues based on the manufacturer’s instructions. Detection of MSI status was carried out by pentaplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR products were size separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using an ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer. Both KRAS and BRAF mutations were identified by PCR and sequencing while CDH4 copy measurement was measured using TaqManTM Copy Number Assay. Results: Our findings showed 22 (44%) samples with no changes in the copy number of CDH4 gene. Interestingly, 21 (42%) cases had an amplification of the CDH4 gene or CDH4 gene gain, and seven (14%) cases decreased in CDH4 gene expression or CDH4 gene loss. We found an association between changes in the CDH4 gene and gender (p=0.001). However, there was no association between changes in the CDH4 gene and age (p=0.979), tumor location (p=0.145) and differentiation (p=0.648), the frequency of BRAF (p=0.171) and KRAS mutations (p=0.184) and MSI status (p=0.923). Conclusions: Copy number alteration in CDH4 gene in CRC patients and this alteration is significantly associated with gender. Further studies with a larger number of samples are essential to confirm this result and to identify the cause of CDH4 copy number alteration and its biological significance.
IInduction of G2/M Phase Block and Apoptosis by Kaempferol in Human Sarcoma Cells
Authors: Ishiki Manabu , Yoshii Miho , Kanamori Masahiko 
Published: September 2024

malignant cells has interested us to seek new strategies for the treatment of sarcoma. Flavonoids have been recently claimed to exert anti-cancer effects. We focused on the flavonoid kaempferol, to determine whether it induces apoptosis of sarcoma cells in vitro. Methods: We examined cell growth using a CCK-8 assay, morphology, cell cycle analysis, and the apoptosis or differentiation effects of kaempferol on cultured human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. All experiments were performed at least three times in duplicates. The ANOVA and independent sample t-test were used for the comparison of the continuous variables Results: Kaempferol (50 μM), adversely affected the proliferation of MG-63 cells. Anti-proliferative action of kaempferol appeared to be linked to apoptotic cell death based on the morphological changes depicting nuclear fragmentation. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated the induction of G2/M phase arrest and an enhanced sub-G1 population. However, the intracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was observed to have been stimulated. This apoptosis might be associated with cell differentiation of the cells in the early stage. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that kaempferol inhibited the growth of MG-63 cells in vitro. G2/M phase arrest and induction of intracellular ALP activities in the early phase are observed. These findings indicate that kaempferol may present as an additional pharmacological tool for the treatment of human sarcoma cells.
Marginal Excision as a Surgical Treatment for The Schwannoma of Posterior Aspect of Femur: A Case Report
Authors: Raditya Risang Haryo , Wiratnaya I Gede Eka 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Schwannoma is a benign nerve sheath neoplasm attached to a peripheral nerve that often develops in the middle-aged population. It usually presents as an asymptomatic mass at first but can be transformed into a pain, swelling, neurologic, or mechanical symptom in several patients. In this study, we are reporting a case of a schwannoma of the posterior aspect of the thigh, in a young adult male. Case Presentation: We reported a 31-year-old male complained of sharp pain, tingling sensation, and mechanical block in the posterior aspect of the right thigh. Radiological imaging showed the tumor of the posterior aspect of the right thigh, with associated soft tissue edema, the cortex is not invaded. Surgical resection was performed on the patient and the tumor was excised with marginal excision surgery technique. Conclusions: The schwannomas of the femur can successfully be excised with no postoperative complications. There is no sign of a recurrent tumor in six months after the procedure.
Characteristics and Survival of Patients with WHO Grade 4 Diffuse Glioma in Dharmais National Referral Cancer Hospital
Authors: Tadjoedin Hilman , Suryana Kresna Dharma , Rosalina Rosalina , Hartono Bryan Arista , Widarta Oskar Ady , Dewin Nikrial , Andriani Rini 
Published: September 2024

Background: The WHO grade 4 diffuse glioma are extremely aggressive and account for over 60% of adult Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors. The diagnosis and management pose significant challenges due to the need for comprehensive evaluation and holistic treatment approaches. This study aims to determine the clinical characteristics of WHO grade 4 diffuse glioma in Indonesia and the overall survival as a secondary goal. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of all WHO grade 4 glioma patients from 2017 to 2022 at Dharmais National Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Demographic characteristics were presented descriptively. Kaplan-Meier plot was used to evaluate the median survival. Results: Twenty-eight patients were eligible for this study. The median age group is 45 years old, with equal male and female prevalence. Headache was the most prevalent primary symptom. The therapy following surgery was radiotherapy (RT) with chemosensitizer (82.1%) and RT alone (14.3%) with both followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. There was one patient (3.6%) underwent palliative therapy. The median survival of all patients was 10 months, whereas 10 months in RT with the chemo-sensitizer group and 1 month in RT only group. There was no statistically significant difference between RT with and without chemotherapy sensitizer in terms of survival rates. Conclusions: Our study reports a younger median age of WHO Grade 4 diffuse glioma. Male subjects were equivalent to females. Median OS was 10 months and were longer in RT with the chemosensitizer group. Further multicentered and at the genetic level investigation was needed, to achieve optimal outcomes.
Grau de concordância entre instrumentos laboratoriais e não-laboratoriais na estratificação do risco cardiovascular
Authors: Andrade Beatriz Pimentel de Oliveira , Fialho Milena Henriques , Gomes José Victor Ribeiro Silva , Ruiz Kananda Oliveira Garcia , Amaral Mariela Svízzero , Drumond Rafael Fonseca , Ribeiro Vitor de Oliveira , Damázio Laila Cristina Moreira 
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar o grau de concordância entre o Escore de Risco Cardiovascular de Framingham e a calculadora do programa HEARTS, em sua versão com uso do IMC, na estratificação do Risco Cardiovascular (RCV) em pacientes diabéticos e/ou hipertensos na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Metodologia: Estudo transversal, exploratório e epidemiológico, com uma amostra de conveniência de 89 indivíduos selecionados em 10 Unidades Básicas de Saúde de um município brasileiro de médio porte. Os escores foram aplicados nos pacientes e o grau de concordância foi analisado através do Coeficiente Kappa. A análise bivariada das variáveis independentes foi realizada por meio do Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: Na população estudada, houve predominância das faixas de risco “elevadas” (>10%), para ambos os sexos em nas duas escalas. A calculadora HEARTS apresentou baixo poder de discriminação dos pacientes com riscos cardiovasculares mais elevados (>10%). A análise bivariada mostrou relação positiva entre faixa etária geriátrica, pressão arterial elevada e presença de hipertensão em mulheres com RCV mais elevado no ERG, mas não encontrou correlações na HEARTS. O índice de concordância Kappa entre os dois escores foi de 0,06. Conclusão: Houve concordância mínima entre os escores, além de um comportamento diferente em relação aos critérios utilizados no cálculo do RCV. Torna-se importante o incentivo de estudos nacionais para calibrar e validar calculadoras de RCV que correspondem à realidade brasileira, de modo a tornar acessível ferramentas facilitadoras para o cálculo do RCV na APS.
Nanomateriais à base de carbono: Oportunidades e desafios na Medicina
Authors: Fonseca Lara Cruvinel , Figueiredo Bárbara Queiroz de , Caixeta Bruna Silveira , Faria Ana Paula Gonçalves , Caixeta Marcelo Eduardo 
Published: September 2024

O carbono era um dos elementos mais importantes para a Terra e os humanos. Havia muitos alótropos diferentes do elemento carbono. O grafeno, que era bidimensional e tinha um átomo de espessura do elemento carbono, era um nanoporo natural e o material mais pesquisado do século XXI. O grafeno era um dos materiais mais importantes usados ​​no campo dos nanomateriais. Ele tinha propriedades térmicas, ópticas, elétricas e mecânicas superiores. Era um material extraordinariamente leve e forte entre todos os materiais conhecidos, e também era um material que poderia ser facilmente modificado para a área desejada. Neste artigo, foi visto que o nanoporo de grafeno e o material de grafeno estariam entre os materiais mais importantes no campo da saúde no futuro. No campo da saúde, esse grafeno à base de carbono e a descoberta de nanoporos de grafeno foram pesquisados ​​e usados ​​por muitas disciplinas, como o tratamento de muitas doenças, aplicações de administração de medicamentos, biotecnologia, tratamento de doenças hereditárias e até mesmo para criar biossensores a serem usados ​​para detectar doenças. O grafeno e seus derivados eram materiais significativos que podiam ser usados ​​no campo da saúde e se tornou o material mais essencial dos últimos tempos, pois sua estrutura mostrou estabilidade ao entrar no corpo. Era compatível com células e podia se mover rapidamente nas células com sua natureza pequena e porosa. Devido à sua estrutura, esse material era a única substância que poderia substituir todos os materiais usados ​​no campo da saúde.
Allergen immunotherapy using recombinant Culicoides allergens improves clinical signs of equine insect bite hypersensitivity
Authors: Graner Anneli , Mueller Ralf S. , Geisler Johanna , Bogenstätter Delia , White Samuel J. , Jonsdottir Sigridur , Marti Eliane 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionInsect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is an IgE-mediated allergic dermatitis of horses caused by bites of Culicoides spp., sharing some common features with human atopic dermatitis. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) using Culicoides whole-body extracts has limited efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate AIT with a pool of major Culicoides recombinant allergens in a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.MethodsThe IBH lesion score was assessed during a pre-treatment year and first treatment year (May–October) in 17 horses and in May and July of a second treatment year. Nine horses were immunized subcutaneously 3× with a combination of nine r-allergens (20 μg each/injection) in alum and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). Eight horses received a placebo. The immunization was repeated twice the following year. The specific antibody response to one of the AIT Culicoides r-allergens was assessed.ResultsIn the first treatment year, the decrease in average IBH lesion score was significantly larger in the AIT compared to the placebo group, with 67% of the AIT group and 25% of the placebo horses reaching &gt;50% improvement of the average IBH lesion score. The response to the AIT was enhanced in the 2nd treatment year when 89% of the AIT vs. 14% of the placebo horses showed an improvement (p ≤ 0.01). IgG antibodies of all subclasses were induced, with IgG4/7 showing the most significant differences between groups. The post-AIT sera showed IgE blocking activity.DiscussionAIT using only a few injections of small amounts of r-allergens in alum and MPLA as immunomodulators seems a promising approach for the treatment of insect bite allergy.
A novel rhodamine B fluorescence probe for rapid identification of different amino acids by high efficiency fluorescence spectrum-mass spectrometry
Authors: Duan Xiujie , Jin Tao , Mao Boneng , Shao Shihe , Zhao Lei 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionRapid detection of amino acids plays an important role in the field of medical diagnosis. By combining Rhodamine B with triphenylamine, a novel double-response fluorescence probe (E)-4-((4-(((3′,6′-bis(diethylamino)-3-oxospiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenyl)(phenyl)amino)benzaldehyde (RBTPA) was prepared for rapid identification of different amino acids.MethodsUnder daylight and 365 nm irradiation, it was found that the color change was most bright at pH = 3, and changed to dim at pH = 4. When pH = 3 and pH = 4, the photophysical properties of the two strong acids are very different. The maximum redshift of UV absorption light is 110 nm, and the maximum fluorescence emission intensity is 4 times different.Results and DiscussionIn order to further observe their binding structure analysis with different amino acids, qualitative analysis of each response structure was determined by mass spectrometry according to different molecular weights. The fluorescence probe RBTPA has two different isomers for recognition response in aldehyde group and imine group, respectively.
Association of systemic inflammatory markers with clinical adverse prognosis and outcomes in HFpEF: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Fu Zhenyue , Liu Pengfei , Gao Xiya , Shi Shuqing , Li Yumeng , Zhang Bingxuan , Wu Huaqin , Song Qingqiao 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between systemic inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and rehospitalization) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Ovid Medline databases from inception to June 27, 2024. Studies were included if they were observational clinical studies involving HFpEF patients over 18 years old, with exposure to systemic inflammatory markers and reporting on adverse prognosis outcomes. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess study quality.ResultsEight studies ultimately included in the meta-analysis which involved 9,744 participants from six countries. The meta-analysis showed that systemic inflammatory markers were significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.19–1.72, p &lt; 0.05), cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.33–3.12, p &lt; 0.05), and cardiovascular rehospitalization (HR 2.83, 95% CI 0.92–8.67, p &lt; 0.05) in HFpEF patients. Low heterogeneity was observed across studies (I2 = 0.00%). Sensitivity and publication bias analyses indicated that the results were robust.ConclusionSystemic inflammatory markers demonstrate significant predictive value for adverse clinical outcomes in HFpEF patients. The findings suggest that monitoring systemic inflammation may provide valuable prognostic information for clinicians managing HFpEF patients.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=562698, identifier (CRD42024562698).
Management of rTTS associated with PGL using VA-ECMO and surgical resection: a case report
Authors: Zhou Kechun , Liu Guoliang , Chen Yi , Lin Li , Lan Pin 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundParaganglioma (PGL) is a neuroendocrine tumor located outside the adrenal gland that can secrete catecholamines. Clinical manifestations include headaches, hypertension, and, rarely, cardiomyopathy. Among these, reverse Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (rTTS) is a rare Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTS) associated with a surge in catecholamines.Case introductionThis article reports a case of a hypertensive patient admitted for recurrent dizziness and chest tightness. During treatment, the patient suddenly experienced chest tightness and shortness of breath, followed by refractory cardiogenic shock, and was eventually diagnosed with rTTS. The patient gradually recovered and was successfully discharged after receiving treatments, including tracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and surgery.ConclusionThe diagnosis of rTTS is significantly aided by the presence of free plasma metanephrines and specific changes observed in cardiac ultrasound. In the treatment of severe rTTS, ECMO can serve as a crucial life support technology. Under VA-ECMO support, early resection of the PGL after accelerated preoperative preparation may be a feasible approach.
Prediction and classification of obesity risk based on a hybrid metaheuristic machine learning approach
Authors: Helforoush Zarindokht , Sayyad Hossein 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionAs the global prevalence of obesity continues to rise, it has become a major public health concern requiring more accurate prediction methods. Traditional regression models often fail to capture the complex interactions between genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors contributing to obesity.MethodsThis study explores the potential of machine-learning techniques to improve obesity risk prediction. Various supervised learning algorithms, including the novel ANN-PSO hybrid model, were applied following comprehensive data preprocessing and evaluation.ResultsThe proposed ANN-PSO model achieved a remarkable accuracy rate of 92%, outperforming traditional regression methods. SHAP was employed to analyze feature importance, offering deeper insights into the influence of various factors on obesity risk.DiscussionThe findings highlight the transformative role of advanced machine-learning models in public health research, offering a pathway for personalized healthcare interventions. By providing detailed obesity risk profiles, these models enable healthcare providers to tailor prevention and treatment strategies to individual needs. The results underscore the need to integrate innovative machine-learning approaches into global public health efforts to combat the growing obesity epidemic.
Causal effects of serum calcium, phosphate, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D on kidney function: a genetic correlation, pleiotropic analysis, and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liang Yanjun , Liang Shuang , Xie Dayang , Guo Xinru , Yang Chen , Xiao Tuo , Zhuang Kaiting , Xu Yongxing , Wang Yong , Wang Bin , Zhang Zhou , Chen Xiangmei , Chen Yizhi , Cai Guangyan 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundExisting studies investigating the impact of serum calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels on kidney function have produced inconsistent results. Further research is needed to establish the direct causal relationship between these factors and kidney function.MethodsThe study used genome-wide association study datasets for exposure and outcome, mainly derived from the UK Biobank and CKDGen Consortium, with sample sizes ranging from 3,310 to 480,699 individuals of European ancestry. Heritability and genetic correlations among these phenotypes were assessed using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and phenotypes with a heritability z-score &lt;4 were excluded from further analyses. Pleiotropic analyses were performed to identify potential horizontal pleiotropic variants at gene and LD-independent locus levels. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, using instrumental variables (IVs) based on two distinct selection criteria, was conducted to investigate the potential causal relationships between serum Ca, P, 25(OH)D, PTH, and kidney function.ResultsPTH was excluded from further analysis due to a heritability z-score &lt; 4. Genetic correlations were observed between serum Ca and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) (rg = 0.202, P-value = 5.0E−04), between serum 25(OH)D and estimated glomerular filtration rate using serum creatinine (eGFRcrea) (rg = -0.094; P-value = 1.4E−05), and between serum 25(OH)D and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (rg = 0.127; P-value = 1.7E−06). In univariable MR analysis using IVs based on two different selection criteria, it consistently demonstrated that genetically predicted serum Ca consistently showed an increase in UACR (beta 0.11, P-value 2.0E−03; beta 0.13, P-value 2.0E−04). Similarly, serum P was associated with a decrease in eGFRcrea (beta −0.01, P-value 2.0E−04; beta −0.005, P-value 2.0E−03) and an increase in BUN (beta 0.02, P-value 3.0E−03; beta 0.02, P-value 7.5E−07). The influence of serum P on kidney function was further supported in multivariable MR analysis. However, genetically predicted 25(OH)D did not have a significant impact on kidney function.ConclusionsElevated serum Ca or P levels could both impair kidney function, whereas 25(OH)D has no impact on renal function.