bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dyadic Partition-Based Training Schemes for TV/TGV Denoising
Authors: Davoli Elisa , Ferreira Rita , Fonseca Irene , Iglesias José A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to their ability to handle discontinuous images while having a well-understood behavior, regularizations with total variation (TV) and total generalized variation (TGV) are some of the best-known methods in image denoising. However, like other variational models including a fidelity term, they crucially depend on the choice of their tuning parameters. A remedy is to choose these automatically through multilevel approaches, for example by optimizing performance on noisy/clean image pairs. In this work, we consider such methods with space-dependent parameters which are piecewise constant on dyadic grids, with the grid itself being part of the minimization. We prove existence of minimizers for fixed discontinuous parameters under mild assumptions on the data, which lead to existence of finite optimal partitions. We further establish that these assumptions are equivalent to the commonly used box constraints on the parameters. On the numerical side, we consider a simple subdivision scheme for optimal partitions built on top of any other bilevel optimization method for scalar parameters, and demonstrate its improved performance on some representative test images when compared with constant optimized parameters.
Objectivity and truth in Ernst Cassirer’s ethics
Authors: Widmer Elisabeth Theresia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCassirer’s view on ethical objectivity is puzzling. In his scarce comments on Kantian ethics, he defines the “pure will” as a “function of consciousness,” which he considers a prerequisite for the possibility of objective ethical normativity embedded in empirical reality. In the existing body of literature, we find two different interpretations of Cassirer’s account of ethical objectivity. The “meta-philosophical” interpretation takes objectivity as a telos that humanity gradually approaches, thereby emphasizing the historically relative truth standards to which the teleologically-evolving symbolic forms respond. The “Kantian” interpretation takes objectivity as a concept inherent to the conduct of the moral law, highlighting the evaluative and prescriptive aspects of his philosophical method. In this paper, I defend the thesis that, by interpreting Cassirer’s ethics through the lens of Hermann Cohen’s mature ethical theory, we can see that ethical deliberation in Cassirer involves a notion of universality that is a priori and depends on a substantiated concept susceptible to change. The proposed “contingent conception of universality” thesis accounts for both: the evaluative and teleological features of Cassirer’s ethical theory, grounding an a priori account of ethical objectivity conceptualized relative to contingent truth standards that gradually improve.
Second law and Liu relations: the no-reversible-direction axiom—revisited
Authors: Muschik W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA thermodynamic process is governed by balance equations in field-formulated thermodynamics. Especially the balance equation of entropy takes a prominent role: it introduces the Second Law in the form of a dissipation inequality via the non-negative entropy production. Balance equations and dissipation inequality are independent of the considered material which is described by additional constitutive equations which need the introduction of a state space which is spanned by the state space variables. Inserting these constitutive equations into the balance equations results in the balance equations on state space which include the first order time and position derivatives of the state space variables, called “higher derivatives” wich are directional derivatives in a mathematicle sense. Why do not appear the latter in the Liu Relations which pretend to describe material as well as the equations on state space do ? The answer is that the Liu Relations describe materials whose entropy production does not depend on the higher derivatives. Consequently, the Liu Relations are more specific than the balance equations on state space. A toy example concerning heat conduction in compressible fluids is in two different versions added for elucidation.
Ignorance, Impairment and Quality of Will
Authors: Hartford Anna , Stein Dan J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA variety of mental disorders—including ASD, ADHD, major depression, and anxiety disorder, among others—may directly impact what an agent notices or fails to notice. A recent debate has emphasised the potential significance of such “impairment-derived ignorance,” and argued that failure to account for certain compelling cases would seriously undermine theories which intend to establish the conditions for blameworthy ignorance. In this comment we argue, contra a recent challenge, that Quality of Will (QW) accounts are able to explain the normative significance of impairment-derived ignorance. The plausible, ambivalent results QW accounts yield in difficult cases of impairment-derived ignorance further reveals the explanatory power of such accounts when it comes to blameworthy ignorance.
Risk of osteoporotic fractures in menopausal women with common mental health diagnoses prescribed SSRIs/SNRIs: cohort and self-controlled case series analyses
Authors: Alsugeir Dana , Adesuyan Matthew , Avgerinou Christina , Talaulikar Vikram , Wei Li , Brauer Ruth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Summary

In a population-based cohort study of menopausal women with common mental health diagnoses, SSRIs/SNRIs were associated with a 32% increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. The risk of osteoporotic fractures was particularly increased for longer periods of treatment with SSRIs/SNRIs (> 5 years) and in younger menopausal women (< 50 years old).

Purpose
To investigate the association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and the risk of osteoporotic fractures (OF) in menopausal women with common mental health diagnoses (CMHD).

Methods
We conducted the study with two designs (cohort and self-controlled case series [SCCS]), using the IQVIA Medical Research Database (IMRD) UK. The source population comprised women aged ≥ 50 years and women with a record indicating menopause (< 50 years). All women had a recorded CMHD. For the cohort analysis, the risk of OFs was estimated by comparing women prescribed SSRIs/SNRIs (exposed) to those not exposed. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For the SCCS, women acted as their own controls; periods of exposure to SSRIs/SNRIs were compared to periods of non-exposure using conditional Poisson regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% CIs.

Results
We identified 292,848 women, of whom 35,222 experienced OFs within a median follow-up of 6.01 years. We found strong evidence of an association between SSRIs/SNRIs and the risk of OFs (adjusted HR = 1.32, 95% CI:1.29–1.35). Compared to periods of no exposure, SSRIs/SNRIs increased the risk of OFs during the first 30 days (IRR = 1.38, 95% CI:1.26–1.51), during the first 90 days (IRR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.48–1.69), and the remaining exposure (IRR = 1.42, 95% CI:1.37–1.48).

Conclusions
In a population of menopausal women with CMHDs, the prescribing of SSRIs/SNRIs antidepressants was associated with a higher risk of OFs. Careful assessment of osteoporosis risk needs to be considered when treating menopausal women with SSRIs/SNRIs antidepressants.
On the Origin of Enhanced Tempering Resistance of the Laser Additively Manufactured Hot Work Tool Steel in the As-Built Condition
Authors: Deirmina Faraz , Amirabdollahian Sasan , Lindwall Greta , Molinari Alberto , Tiwari Jitendar Kumar , Hryha Eduard , Pellizzari Massimo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In laser additive manufacturing (AM) of hot work tool steels, direct tempering (DT) of the tool from as-built (AB) condition without prior conventional austenitization and quenching results in enhanced tempering resistance. To date, intercellular retained austenite (RA) decomposition, leading to a shift in secondary hardening peak temperature, and finer martensite substructure are reported to be responsible for such a behavior. In this work, authors aimed at studying the strengthening contributions by performing isothermal tempering tests for long times (up to 40 hours) at elevated temperatures (up to 650 °C) on DT and quenched and tempered (QT) specimens. The thermal softening kinetics and the microstructural evolution were evaluated with the support of computational thermodynamics. The results suggest that the main contributor to enhanced temper resistance in DT condition is the larger fraction of thermally stable and extremely fine (~ 20 nm) secondary (tempering) V(C,N) compared with QT. This could be explained by the reduction of available V and C in austenitized and quenched martensite for a later secondary V(C,N) precipitation during tempering, because of equilibrium precipitation of relatively large (up to 500 nm) vanadium-rich carbonitrides during the austenitization process. A complementary effect of the substructure refinement (i.e., martensite block width) in rapidly solidified highly supersaturated martensite was also quantified in terms of Hall–Petch strengthening mechanism. The significant effect of secondary V(C,N) was successfully validated by assessing a laser AM processed vanadium-free hot work tool steel in QT and DT condition, where no significant differences in strength and temper resistance between the two conditions were evident.

Graphical Abstract
Al-Doped ZnO/SiO2 Nano-glass Ceramic System: A New Composite System for Improvement in Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Dental Resins
Authors: Torkian Peyman , Najafabadi SayedMohsen Mortazavi , Szuławska-Mroczek Agata , Grzelczyk Dariusz , Ghashang Majid 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aims to enhance dental resins' mechanical and thermal properties by reinforcing them with Al-doped ZnO/SiO2 nano-glass ceramic. The synthesis of the nano-glass ceramic involved the addition of Al-doped ZnO nano-powders to a diluted aqueous solution of liquid glass (25 mL) in ethanol (50 mL) at room temperature. The synthesized samples were characterized using TEM, EDS, FE-SEM, and XRD techniques. Various concentrations of the nano-glass ceramic (2, 5, 8, 10, and 15 wt.%) were then integrated with Bis-GMA and TEGDMA. The mechanical properties, including flexural strength (FS), compressive strength (CS), diameter tensile strength (DTS), and flexural modulus (FM), were evaluated. Thermal stability was assessed through TGA analysis, which indicated polymer degradation occurring between 300 and 450 °C. An increase in filler content correlated with enhanced thermal stability. The optimal mechanical properties were observed at a 7.5 wt.% filler content, showing significant improvements in FS (124.652 MPa), FM (9.87GPa), DTS (33.87 MPa), and CS (178.47 MPa).
Developments in Advance Care Planning in Australia: Potential Opportunities and Roadblocks for an Increasingly Digital World
Authors: Haining Casey M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAustralia is committed to looking at ways to modernize its healthcare delivery further by integrating digital health. Advance Care Planning (ACP) is an area of healthcare that would likely benefit from further digitalization. However, while greater integration of technology in the delivery of ACP could help improve practices and lead to increased uptake, the extent to which this is achievable will be influenced, in part, by current approaches to ACP regulation. This article canvasses recent developments and trends in Australian law relevant to ACP and reflects on how these developments may impact the further digitalization of ACP.
Evidence of anthropogenic subsidisation of red foxes in a national park important for breeding wading birds
Authors: Williams Nathan F. , Porteus Tom A. , Hardouin Emilie A. , Case Jodie , Rivers Elli , Andreou Demetra , Hoodless Andrew N. , Stillman Richard A. , Short Mike J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a generalist mesopredator found throughout the UK. It has been linked to national declines in native wildlife, especially ground-nesting birds such as waders. In the New Forest National Park, nest predation and poor chick survival is primarily responsible for low breeding success of Eurasian curlew (Numenius arguata), a species of high conservation concern. To reduce predation losses, foxes are lethally controlled by wildlife managers. Here, we identified the major food resources that are being exploited by foxes in the New Forest area and examined temporal and spatial patterns in the presence of specific food categories, with special reference to anthropogenic food. Stomachs from foxes culled in curlew breeding areas were collected from April 2021 - July 2022 and the contents of these stomachs were quantified. Foxes exhibited a highly varied diet with no single food category predominating. Anthropogenic food comprised 14% of the overall diet, with its presence predicted by proximity to human settlements and other infrastructure. We also estimated the total annual volume of anthropogenic food consumed by the fox population and by extension how many individual foxes this volume of food could support in isolation. According to these calculations, at present the number of foxes subsidised by anthropogenic food is approximately 64.8% (50.2–79.7%) of those removed by culling per year. Our findings highlight that better local food sanitation and education should become important parts of a more holistic management approach to reduce the burden of fox predation experienced by breeding waders.
Use of Standard Operating Procedures for Supporting Cross-Organizational Emergency Management: Challenges and Opportunities Identified from a Tabletop Exercise
Authors: Steen-Tveit Kristine , Munkvold Bjørn Erik , Rustenberg Kjetil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the crucial role of formulating and applying standard operating procedures (SOPs) in the context of emergency planning and response. The effective application of SOPs during operations is essential in order to address challenges that surpass individual organizational capacities. A specific focus on fostering efficient information sharing and executing specified actions maximizes the prospect of success. To explore the collective functionality of SOPs across organizations, we conducted a comprehensive tabletop exercise involving 10 organizations spanning tactical, operational, and strategic levels. Our analysis identified six key challenges, primarily related to the structures for information sharing, communication pathways, and the complex integration and application of common SOPs within these diverse organizational contexts. This research contributes insights into the use of SOPs in large-scale, cross-organizational scenarios.
A Decision Support Framework for Resilient and Sustainable Service Design
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Maruf Hossan , Aliahmadi Seyed Zeinab , Quaddus Mohammed A. , Ansaripoor Amir H. , Mirjalili Seyedali 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResilient and sustainable service design is essential for ensuring the longevity and effectiveness of service systems. However, existing literature often neglects key aspects such as articulating resilience attributes and integrating sustainability dimensions. This study proposes a decision support model for a “resilient-sustainable service design” that merges service design principles with resilient system attributes and organizational sustainability goals. The framework incorporates a multi-objective mathematical programming model and a multi-phased Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approach to derive Pareto optimal solutions using the Brute Force algorithm. Applied in the m-health service sector in Bangladesh, the study reveals significant challenges, including limited awareness of services and logistical inefficiencies. To address these issues, flexible strategies such as demand planning and service innovation are implemented. The findings have direct implications for the improvement of service delivery processes and underscore the importance of considering both resilience and sustainability. While focusing on Bangladesh’s m-health sector, the insights gained have broader relevance globally. The integration of resilience and sustainability principles into service design is crucial for addressing complex challenges across sectors and regions. Future research could involve longitudinal studies to capture evolving resilience strategies and explore resilient-sustainable service systems from a broader perspective. This entails examining various factors such as technological advancements and socio-economic dynamics shaping resilient and sustainable service ecosystems.
Solution-Processed Thin Film Transparent Photovoltaics: Present Challenges and Future Development
Authors: Liu Tianle , Almutairi Munerah M. S. , Ma Jie , Stewart Aisling , Xing Zhaohui , Liu Mengxia , Hou Bo , Cho Yuljae 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectrical energy is essential for modern society to sustain economic growths. The soaring demand for the electrical energy, together with an awareness of the environmental impact of fossil fuels, has been driving a shift towards the utilization of solar energy. However, traditional solar energy solutions often require extensive spaces for a panel installation, limiting their practicality in a dense urban environment. To overcome the spatial constraint, researchers have developed transparent photovoltaics (TPV), enabling windows and facades in vehicles and buildings to generate electric energy. Current TPV advancements are focused on improving both transparency and power output to rival commercially available silicon solar panels. In this review, we first briefly introduce wavelength- and non-wavelength-selective strategies to achieve transparency. Figures of merit and theoretical limits of TPVs are discussed to comprehensively understand the status of current TPV technology. Then we highlight recent progress in different types of TPVs, with a particular focus on solution-processed thin-film photovoltaics (PVs), including colloidal quantum dot PVs, metal halide perovskite PVs and organic PVs. The applications of TPVs are also reviewed, with emphasis on agrivoltaics, smart windows and facades. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities in TPV research are pointed out.
Diabetologische Notfälle: hyperglykämische Krisen
Authors: Treiber Gerlies 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDie diabetische Ketoazidose (DKA) und das hyperglykämische hyperosmolare Syndrom (HHS) sind die zwei schwerwiegendsten, akut lebensbedrohlichen hyperglykämischen Notfälle in Patient*innen mit Diabetes Typ 1 und Diabetes Typ 2. Weltweit zeigt sich in den letzten 10 Jahren eine Zunahme der stationären Aufnahmen aufgrund dieser hyperglykämischen Krisen. Die DKA ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Hyperglykämie, Ketonämie sowie metabolische Azidose mit erhöhter Anionenlücke, während es beim HHS zu einer ausgeprägten Hyperglykämie, Hyperosmolarität und Dehydration ohne Azidose kommt. Die frühzeitige Diagnose und die Kenntnisse der Therapiemodalitäten sind notwendig, um Komplikationen zu vermeiden. Die Therapiesäulen beruhen auf dem Flüssigkeitsersatz, Insulintherapie und Elektrolytausgleich sowie der Behandlung der auslösenden Ursache. Ohne eine entsprechende Behandlung sind hyperglykämischen Krisen mit einer erheblichen, wenn auch weitgehend vermeidbaren Morbidität und Mortalität verbunden. Die Verwendung von DKA-/HHS-Protokollen in den Krankenhäusern ist zu empfehlen. Wiederholte Schulungen der Patient*innen sowie der behandelnden Teams inklusive der „sick day rules“ sind in der Prävention und Therapie der hyperglykämischen Krisen entscheidend.
Biofabrication and biomanufacturing in Ireland and the UK
Authors: Murphy Jack F. , Lavelle Martha , Asciak Lisa , Burdis Ross , Levis Hannah J. , Ligorio Cosimo , McGuire Jamie , Polleres Marlene , Smith Poppy O. , Tullie Lucinda , Uribe-Gomez Juan , Chen Biqiong , Dawson Jonathan I. , Gautrot Julien E. , Hooper Nigel M. , Kelly Daniel J. , Li Vivian S. W. , Mata Alvaro , Pandit Abhay , Phillips James B. , Shu Wenmiao , Stevens Molly M. , Williams Rachel L. , Armstrong James P. K. , Huang Yan Yan Shery 
Published: October 2024

摘要随着我们从第四次工业革命向第五次工业革命的过渡，生物制造领域的兴起正在改变生命科学和医疗保健。3D生物打印、组织工程、定向组装和自组装等先进技术在创建仿生支架、组织类器官、医疗设备和生物系统方面发挥着重要作用。英国和爱尔兰的生物制造领域成为生物科学和医疗保健的关键力量，得益于尖端的研究和发展。这些地区的研究专注于药物输送、体外模型, 类器官,和组织工程的生物功能产品，致力于创新符合伦理标准的医疗保健解决方案，同时支持环保和有效的医疗保健系统。
An optimal global biochar application strategy based on matching biochar and soil properties to reduce global cropland greenhouse gas emissions: findings from a global meta-analysis and density functional theory calculation
Authors: He Debo , Dong Zhixin , Zhu Bo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBiochar has been extensively utilized to amend soil and mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from croplands. However, the effectiveness of biochar application in reducing cropland GHG emissions remains uncertain due to variations in soil properties and environmental conditions across regions. In this study, the impact of biochar surface functional groups on soil GHG emissions was investigated using molecular model calculation. Machine learning (ML) technology was applied to predict the responses of soil GHG emissions and crop yields under different biochar feedstocks and application rates, aiming to determine the optimum biochar application strategies based on specific soil properties and environmental conditions on a global scale. The findings suggest that the functional groups play an essential role in determining biochar surface activity and the soil’s capacity for adsorbing GHGs. ML was an effective method in predicting the changes in soil GHG emissions and crop yield following biochar application. Moreover, poor-fertility soils exhibited greater changes in GHG emissions compared to fertile soil. Implementing an optimized global strategy for biochar application may result in a substantial reduction of 684.25 Tg year−1 CO2 equivalent (equivalent to 7.87% of global cropland GHG emissions) while simultaneously improving crop yields. This study improves our understanding of the interaction between biochar surface properties and soil GHG, confirming the potential of global biochar application strategies in mitigating cropland GHG emissions and addressing global climate degradation. Further research efforts are required to optimize such strategies.
Graphical Abstract