bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Peripapillary Choroidal Neovascularization with Intravitreal Bevacizumab
Authors: Hoeh A.E. , Schaal K.B. , Ach T. , Dithmar S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Peripapillary choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is an uncommon condition and often shows a growth tendency towards the fovea during spontaneous progression that threatens visual acuity. Treatment of peripapillary CNV is difficult. The authors report results of intravitreal bevacizumab therapy for peripapillary CNV. Methods Four patients with CNV located in the temporal or superior peripapillary area received intravitreal bevacizumab injections. Ophthalmologic examinations including OCT were performed at baseline and at 6-week intervals. Fluorescein angiography was performed at baseline and depending on clinical and OCT findings. The mean follow-up was 34±20 (22–69) weeks. Results The patients received an average of 3.5±3.1 (1–8) injections. In all patients fluorescein angiography showed inactivation of peripapillary CNV. No further increase in size was observed in any of the patients. The OCT showed a decrease of intraretinal and subretinal fluid. No intraocular or systemic side effects were observed. Conclusions In this series of patients, intravitreal bevacizumab appears to be efficacious. A progression of peripapillary CNV could be prevented in all patients and the lesion was successfully inactivated. Anti-VEGF treatment with bevacizumab represents a promising therapy option for peripapillary CNV.
A new curriculum to address dementia-related stigma: Preliminary experience with Alzheimer’s Association staff
Authors: Herrmann Lynn K. , Udelson Nancy , Kanetsky Cheryl , Liu Hongyan , Cassidy Kristin , Welter Elisabeth , Sajatovic Martha 
Published: January 2018

Objective Develop and test a stigma awareness and education curriculum targeted to non-medical staff of a local Alzheimer’s Association chapter. Methods The curriculum, developed in collaboration with leadership and educational staff from the Cleveland Chapter of the Alzheimer’s Association, included a definition, types, and domains of stigma; effects of stigma on individuals with dementia and their families; stigma evaluation studies; tips to address the topic of dementia-related stigma with individuals and families. Lastly, an interactive discussion of real-life scenarios facilitated stigma recognition and management. Results Most staff felt the training improved their ability to identify Alzheimer’s disease stigma, made them more comfortable talking about stigma, and would change the way they interacted with people and families impacted by Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusions This brief, practical educational curriculum has potential to improve awareness of dementia stigma in Alzheimer’s Association staff. Research is needed to expand stigma awareness in individuals and groups with varying levels of dementia knowledge.
A Network Meta-Analysis on the Diagnostic Value of Different Imaging Methods for Lymph Node Metastases in Patients With Cervical Cancer
Authors: Luo Qian , Luo Lan , Tang Liang 
Published: January 2018

Purpose: We performed this network meta-analysis to compare the diagnostic value of 4 imaging methods (magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, computed tomography, and diffusion-weighted imaging) for diagnosing lymph node metastases in cervical cancer. Method: Diagnostic tests regarding different imaging methods to diagnose lymph node metastases in cervical cancer were retrieved from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase electronic databases from inception to December 2016. Direct and indirect evidence was performed to calculate the odds ratio and to draw the surface under the cumulative ranking curves of the 4 imaging methods for diagnosing lymph node metastases in cervical cancer. Results: Sixteen eligible diagnostic tests were included in this network meta-analysis. The results of network meta-analysis demonstrate that in comparison with the diffusion-weighted imaging, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of positron emission tomography were relatively higher. Additionally, the results further indicate that compared with other diagnosis method, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of positron emission tomography had a higher trend. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve results indicated that in terms of positive likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio, positron emission tomography had a relatively higher diagnostic value for lymph node metastases in patients with cervical cancer. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that positron emission tomography might have a relatively higher diagnostic value for lymph node metastases in patients with cervical cancer.
Differential expression of cytokeratin 14 and 18 in bladder cancer tumorigenesis
Authors: Li Yun-Peng , Jia Xiao-Peng , Jiang Yu-Qing , Wang Wei , Wang Yun-Liang , Wang Xiu-Li , Guo Yue-Xian 
Published: January 2018

It has been previously suggested that cytokeratins (CKs) are important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for urothelial lesions. Hence it is imperative to understand the expression pattern of cytokeratins during formation of papillary bladder cancer, which was the objective of the current study. Expression pattern of CK14 and CK18 were examined using immunohistochemical staining in a mice model of papillary bladder cancer. Twenty female mice were divided into two groups—group 1 (NT) and group 2, which received N-butyl- N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) for 20 weeks plus one week without treatment. Following histological classification of bladder lesions, CK14 and CK18 immunostaining was assessed according to its distribution and intensity. In NT animals, both basal cells and umbrella cells showed sporadic positive staining for CK14 and CK18, respectively. In BBN group, hyperplastic lesions showed significantly more CK14 and significantly less CK18 staining ( P < 0.05 in each case). Invasive carcinomas showed increased CK14 immunostaining in all epithelial layers. Cumulatively, our data indicate that altered CK14 (high) and CK18 (low) expression is perhaps an early event in bladder cancer tumorigenesis in females at least and is characteristic of both urothelial superficial pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Impact statement Studies have shown that expression of cytokeratins (CKs) or their altered distribution affects the bladder cancer pathogenesis and disease outcome, while the underlying mechanisms are not clear. The present study aims to explore the expression pattern of CK14 and CK18 during formation of papillary bladder cancer. The results showed that hyperplastic lesions showed significantly more CK14 and significantly less CK18 staining and invasive carcinomas showed increased CK14 immunostaining in all epithelial layers in N-butyl- N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN)-induced mouse model. The results indicate that altered CK14 (high) and CK18 (low) expression is perhaps an early event in bladder cancer tumorigenesis and is characteristic of both urothelial superficial pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions, which may provide the early diagnosis index.
Polarized macrophage subsets differentially express the drug efflux transporters MRP1 and BCRP, resulting in altered HIV production
Authors: He Hui , Buckley Merrion , Britton Bernard , Mu Ying , Warner Kristin , Kumar Santosh , Cory Theodore J 
Published: January 2018

Introduction Macrophages play an important role in HIV, where they are a cellular reservoir. Macrophages are polarized into two phenotypes: pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, which may have altered expression of drug efflux transporters, including BCRP and MRP1. These differences may result in subtherapeutic concentrations of antiretrovirals inside of macrophages and viral replication. Methods U937 and U1 cells were polarized to the M1 or M2 phenotype via IFN-γ and LPS, or IL-4, IL-13, and LPS. Transporter expression was assessed via PCR and Western blotting, and transporter function was assessed via fluorescent dye assays. Transporter function was blocked with the inhibitors MK571 or KO143. Protein expression was confirmed in monocyte-derived macrophages. p24 production was assessed in U1 cells via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results mRNA and protein analysis demonstrated higher expression of MRP1 in M1 macrophages, while BCRP expression was downregulated in M1 macrophages. Treatment with inhibitors of transporter function decreased the difference in intracellular fluorescence between polarized macrophages. Differences in protein expression, which were observed with U937 cells, were confirmed in monocyte-derived macrophages. M1, but not M2 cells treated with MK571, showed decreased p24 production, consistent with reported MRP1 transporter expression. Conclusions These results support our hypothesis that there is differential expression of MRP1 and BCRP on M1 and M2 polarized macrophages and suggests that these differences may result in altered intracellular concentrations of antiretrovirals in macrophages and alter viral production in these cells. Targeting these differences may be a strategy to decrease viral replication in HIV-infected individuals.
Codesigning a Measure of Person-Centred Coordinated Care to Capture the Experience of the Patient
Authors: Sugavanam Thavapriya , Fosh Ben , Close James , Byng Richard , Horrell Jane , Lloyd Helen 
Published: January 2018

Background: Person-centred coordinated care (P3C) is a priority for stakeholders (ie, patients, carers, professionals, policy makers). As a part of the development of an evaluation framework for P3C, we set out to identify patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) suitable for routine measurement and feedback during the development of services. Methods: A rapid review of the literature was undertaken to identity existing PREMs suitable for the probing person-centred and/or coordinated care. Of 74 measures identified, 7 met our inclusion criteria. We critically examined these against core domains and subdomains of P3C. Measures were then presented to stakeholders in codesign workshops to explore acceptability, utility, and their strengths/weaknesses. Results: The Long-Term Condition 6 questionnaire was preferred for its short length, utility, and tone. However, it lacked key questions in each core domain, and in response to requests from our codesign group, new questions were added to cover consideration as a whole person, coordination, care plans, carer involvement, and a single coordinator. Cognitive interviews, on-going codesign, and mapping to core P3C domains resulted in the refinement of the questionnaire to 11 items with 1 trigger question. The 11-item modified version was renamed the P3C Experiences Questionnaire. Conclusions: Due to a dearth of brief measures available to capture people’s experience of P3C for routine practice, an existing measure was modified using an iterative process of adaption and validation through codesign workshops. Next steps include psychometric validation and modification for people with dementia and learning difficulties.
PLAC8, a new marker for human interstitial extravillous trophoblast cells, promotes their invasion and migration
Authors: Chang Wen-Lin , Liu Ya-Wei , Dang Yan-Li , Jiang Xiang-Xiang , Xu Honglin , Huang Xing , Wang Yan-Ling , Wang Haibin , Zhu Cheng , Xue Li-Qun , Lin Hai-Yan , Meng Wenxiang , Wang Hongmei 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Proper differentiation of trophoblast cells in the human placenta is a prerequisite for a successful pregnancy, and dysregulation of this process may lead to malignant pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia. Finding specific markers for different types of trophoblast cells is essential for understanding trophoblast differentiation. Here, we report that placenta-specific protein 8 (PLAC8) is specifically expressed in the interstitial extravillous trophoblast cells (iEVTs) on the fetomaternal interface. Using model systems, including placental villi-decidua co-culture, iEVTs induction by using primary trophoblast cells or explants, etc., we found that PLAC8 promotes invasion and migration of iEVTs. Mechanistically, time-lapse imaging, GTPase activity assay, co-immunoprecipitation and RNA-seq studies show that PLAC8 increases the Cdc42 and Rac1 activities, and further induces the formation of filopodia at the leading edge of the migratory trophoblast cells. More interestingly, PLAC8 is significantly upregulated under hypoxia and expression of PLAC8 is higher in iEVTs from preeclamptic placentas when compared with those from the normal control placentas. Together, PLAC8 is a new marker for iEVTs and plays an important role in promoting trophoblast invasion and migration.
Generation and characterisation of two D2A1 mammary cancer sublines to model spontaneous and experimental metastasis in a syngeneic BALB/c host
Authors: Jungwirth Ute , van Weverwijk Antoinette , Melake Miriam J. , Chambers Ann F. , Gao Qiong , Fivaz Marc , Isacke Clare M. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Studying the complex mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis and therapy response necessitates relevant in vivo models, particularly syngeneic models with an intact immune system. Two syngeneic spontaneously metastatic sublines, D2A1-m1 and D2A1-m2, were generated from the poorly metastasising BALB/c-derived D2A1 cell line by serial in vivo passaging. In vivo and in vitro analyses revealed distinct and shared characteristics of the metastatic D2A1-m1 and D2A1-m2 sublines. In particular, D2A1-m1 cells are more aggressive in experimental metastasis assays, while D2A1-m2 cells are more efficient at disseminating from the primary tumour in spontaneous metastasis assays. Surprisingly, classical metastasis-associated in vitro phenotypes, such as enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion, are reduced in the sublines compared to the parental cell line. Further, evasion of immune control cannot fully explain their enhanced metastatic properties. By contrast, both sublines show increased resistance to apoptosis when cultured in non-adherent conditions and, for the D2A1-m2 subline, increased 3D tumour spheroid growth. Moreover, the enhanced spontaneous metastatic phenotype of the D2A1-m2 subline is associated with an increased ability to recruit an activated tumour stroma. The metastatic D2A1-m1 and D2A1-m2 cell lines provide additional syngeneic models for investigating the different steps of the metastatic cascade and thereby represent valuable tools for breast cancer researchers. Finally, this study highlights that morphology and cell behaviour in 2D cell-based assays cannot be used as a reliable predictor of metastatic behaviour in vivo.
Implications of Market Spillovers
Authors: Fazli Amir , Shulman Jeffrey D. 
Published: January 2018

In recent years, several firms have decided to withdraw from profitable markets, believing the move will be beneficial for their overall business. For instance, CVS dropped tobacco products from its shelves in 2014, while Aldi dropped confectionery from its checkout lines in 2016. Findings from consumers’ evaluation of such moves suggest there exists a negative market spillover from selling in a market, such that a firm’s participation in one market reduces consumers’ willingness to pay for the firm’s products in other markets. On the other hand, certain socially favorable markets, such as markets for environment-friendly products, have been shown to create a positive market spillover for their sellers, increasing consumers’ willingness to pay in other markets the sellers participate in. We build an analytical model of two competing firms to examine how firms react to a market spillover and find the conditions under which different firms would sell in the spillover-producing market. Our analysis of how firms’ profits are affected by market spillovers identifies the consumers’ reservation value in the spillover-producing market, the relative size of the two markets, and the extent of the market spillover as key factors determining which firms benefit from a market spillover. Interestingly, we find it is possible for both firms to make more profit with a negative market spillover compared to when there is no market spillover, while a positive market spillover can actually result in lower profits for both firms compared to no market spillover. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2893 . This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.
Prevalence of asphyxia and readiness for neonatal resuscitation in Kenya
Authors: Gichogo Daniel Muturi , Murila Florence , Matiang'i Micah , Ndege Wycliff , Bosire Kefa 
Published: January 2018

Background: Birth asphyxia accounts for one-third of neonatal mortality worldwide. Aims: To determine the prevalence of birth asphyxia and associated risk factors at one Kenyan hospital; and to describe caregivers' readiness for and attitudes towards neonatal resuscitation of asphyxiated neonates. Methods: A total of 237 babies and 28 health workers were consecutively enrolled as part of a longitudinal cross-sectional study. Prevalence of asphyxia, and caregivers' practices and attitudes were measured through observation. Risk factors were identified through interviews with mothers and a review of their medical records. Findings: Birth asphyxia prevalence hospital was 5.1%. Independent predictors of birth asphyxia were: duration of labour (OR=3.86; 95% CI; P=0.041), meconium staining of amniotic fluid, and presence of oedema in pre-eclampsia. Conclusions: Having equipment alone is not enough if providers are not equipped to use it. Neonatal resuscitation skils are therefore vital to eliminating neonatal mortality.
Adherence to HIV care among HIV-positive pregnant women in Nigeria
Authors: Oginni Monisola Omoyeni , Aremu Olayinka Olaitan , Olowokere Adekemi Eunice , Ayamolowo Sunday Joseph , Komolafe Abiola Olubusola 
Published: January 2018

Background: HIV among pregnant women poses particular risks to their family, offspring and health workers at the time of delivery. Aims: To determine the level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive pregnant women in an HIV/AIDS treatment centre in Ibadan, Nigeria and, to identify factors influencing adherence. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed among 66 HIV-positive pregnant women attending an HIV clinic at Adeoyo Maternity Health Centre, Ibadan, Nigeria. Findings: Results showed that 47% of the HIV-positive pregnant women adhered to their drug regimen, while 53% did not. Among the non-adherent women, forgetfulness (16.4%), unfavourable work schedule (15.2%) and side effects (12.1%) were the common factors reported for missing drugs. Conclusions: The study concluded that the level of adherence to antiretroviral medications among HIV-positive pregnant women was considerably low.
Prognostic Implications of Multiplex Detection of KRAS Mutations in Cell-Free DNA from Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kim Min Kyeong , Woo Sang Myung , Park Boram , Yoon Kyong-Ah , Kim Yun-Hee , Joo Jungnam , Lee Woo Jin , Han Sung-Sik , Park Sang-Jae , Kong Sun-Young 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is known to provide potential biomarkers for predicting clinical outcome, but its value in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical applicability of quantitative analysis of multiplex KRAS mutations in cell-free DNA from patients with PDAC.

METHODS
A total of 106 patients with PDAC were enrolled in this prospective study. The concentration and fraction of KRAS mutations were determined through multiplex detection of KRAS mutations in plasma samples by use of a droplet digital PCR kit (Bio-Rad).

RESULTS
KRAS mutations were detected in 96.1% of tissue samples. Eighty patients (80.5%) harbored KRAS mutations in cfDNA, with a median KRAS mutation concentration of 0.165 copies/μL and a median fractional abundance of 0.415%. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that the KRAS mutation concentration [hazard ratio (HR), 2.08; 95% CI, 1.20–3.63] and KRAS fraction (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.02–2.95) were significant factors for progression-free survival. KRAS mutation concentration (HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.05–3.67) also had prognostic implications for overall survival. Subgroup analyses showed that KRAS mutation concentration and fractional abundance significantly affected progression-free survival in resectable PDAC (P = 0.016). Moreover, when combined with the cancer biomarker CA19-9, the KRAS mutation concentration in cfDNA showed additive benefits for the prediction of overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that multiplex detection of KRAS mutations in plasma cfDNA is clinically relevant, providing a potential candidate biomarker for prognosis of PDAC.
Tracing the History of the Arabic-Javanese Language Translation Books in Nusantara Islamic Education
Authors: Munip Abdul 
Published: January 2018

The use of Arabic script (Pegon) in the Javanese books translated from Arabic has marked a certain phase in the historical dynamics of Islamic intellectualism in Nusantara and Java in particular. By these translation activities, kitab kuning (Arabic books) are no longer enjoyed solely by the elite kyai-santri, but they can also be read by Muslims outside the walls of pesantren. The various themes of the Javaness books translated from Arabic that reach across all disciplines in Islamic teachings resulted in the rapid growing of Islamic discourse in society. Cherishing nature conveyed within the translation books generated peaceful life among Moslems. In terms of educational contexts, these book have been used in pesantren, madrasah diniyah and majelis taklim as suplementary books. Over time, most of the translated books have now metamorphosed into Indonesian edition. However, there is still numerous Arabic-Javanese language translation books occupy modest bookstalls waiting for the loyal and unpretentious readers.