bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIFT: Sifting file types—application of explainable artificial intelligence in cyber forensics
Authors: Alam Shahid , Demir Alper Kamil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) is being applied to improve the efficiency of software systems used in various domains, especially in the health and forensic sciences. Explainable AI (XAI) is one of the fields of AI that interprets and explains the methods used in AI. One of the techniques used in XAI to provide such interpretations is by computing the relevance of the input features to the output of an AI model. File fragment classification is one of the vital issues of file carving in Cyber Forensics (CF) and becomes challenging when the filesystem metadata is missing. Other major challenges it faces are: proliferation of file formats, file embeddings, automation, We leverage and utilize interpretations provided by XAI to optimize the classification of file fragments and propose a novel sifting approach, named SIFT (Sifting File Types). SIFT employs TF-IDF to assign weight to a byte (feature), which is used to select features from a file fragment. Threshold-based LIME and SHAP (the two XAI techniques) feature relevance values are computed for the selected features to optimize file fragment classification. To improve multinomial classification, a Multilayer Perceptron model is developed and optimized with five hidden layers, each layer with $$i \times n$$

i
×
n

neurons, where i = the layer number and n = the total number of classes in the dataset. When tested with 47,482 samples of 20 file types (classes), SIFT achieves a detection rate of 82.1% and outperforms the other state-of-the-art techniques by at least 10%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort of applying XAI in CF for optimizing file fragment classification.
Effect of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation on circadian clock in rats with fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver
Authors: Beyaz Coşkun Ayfer , Turkoglu Semra , Sağdıçoğlu Celep Adviye Gülçin , Özercan İbrahim Hanifi , Korkmaz Engin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The rate of NAFLD in the general population is estimated to be 25.2%. NAFLD is affected by lifestyle, diet, and inflammation. In this study, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics was aimed to modulate the circadian clock in the liver and improve metabolic disorder through the gut–liver axis.

Methods
Six-week-old, healthy, 43 Wistar albino rats were included in the study and their average weight was determined as 140.50 g (95.00–177.00) at the beginning of the study. Before the study, the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 8 animals were placed in the 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups and 11 animals were placed in the 2nd group. Rats in group 1 were fed standard food for 13 weeks. Rats in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were fed with 10% fructose water during the 1-week adaptation period and then 20% fructose water. After the 7th week, probiotic treatment (2 × 109 CFU/ml Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) was administered to rats in group 3rd via gavage for 6 weeks, and prebiotic treatment was administered to rats in group 4th with feed containing 10% grape seed extract. Rats in the 5th group were given a feed consisting of 10% grape seed extract and 2 × 109 CFU/ml Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG via gavage.

Results
It was determined that the use of prebiotics as a treatment option in fatty liver had a more positive effect on glucose, ALT, melatonin, and ZO-1 values. In addition, it was observed that synbiotic use had more positive effects on histopathological findings, NAS score, and the expression level of circadian clock genes. While there was no significant difference between the mRNA levels of circadian clock genes, it was observed that gene expression levels increased with fructose consumption and decreased especially with synbiotic treatment.

Conclusion
It has been observed that fructose modulates the circadian rhythm by affecting some biochemical and genomic pathways as a result of synbiotic use in order to prevent the negative effects of fructose on fatty liver.
Incremental Value of Blood-Based Markers of Liver Fibrosis in Cardiovascular Risk Stratification
Authors: Georgiopoulos Georgios , Athanasopoulos Stavros , Mavraganis Georgios , Konstantaki Christina , Papaioannou Maria , Delialis Dimitrios , Angelidakis Lasthenis , Sachse Marco , Papoutsis Dimitrios , Cavlan Beyza , Tual-Chalot Simon , Zervas Georgios , Sopova Kateryna , Mitrakou Asimina , Stellos Konstantinos , Stamatelopoulos Kimon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with advanced liver fibrosis is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objective
This work aimed to examine if markers of vascular injury mediate the link between liver fibrosis noninvasive tests (LFNITs) and CVD events, and to compare the incremental predictive value of LFNITs over established CVD risk scores.

Methods
Consecutively recruited individuals (n = 1692) with or without clinically overt coronary artery disease (CAD) from the Athens Cardiometabolic Cohort, were analyzed. Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), NAFLD Fibrosis score (NFS), and BARD score were evaluated for direct and indirect associations with indices of subclinical arterial injury including carotid maximal wall thickness (maxWT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) and with a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) that consisted of cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization (39-month median follow-up).

Results
FIB-4 was the only LFNIT that was consistently associated with multiple markers of vascular injury, irrespective of CAD presence and after controlling for traditional risk factors, surrogates of insulin resistance, or obesity (adjusted P &lt; .05 for all). FIB-4 was also independently associated with CAD presence (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 6.55; 3.48-12.3; P &lt; .001). Increased FIB-4 greater than 2.67 was incrementally associated with an increased risk for MACE (OR [95% CI] 2.00 [1.12-3.55], ΔAUC [95% CI] 0.014 [0.002-0.026]). These associations were mediated by maxWT rather than PWV. Only FIB-4 (&gt;3.25) was independently and incrementally associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
In a cardiometabolically diverse population, the incremental associations of LFNITs with CVD outcomes were mediated by atherosclerotic burden rather than arterial stiffening. FIB-4 consistently demonstrated associations with all study end points. These findings provide mechanistic insights and support the clinical applicability of FIB-4 in CVD prevention.
A Pregnancy and Postnatal RCT Among Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Overweight/Obesity: The PAIGE2 Study
Authors: Kemp Bridie J , Kelly Bronagh , Cupples Georgina , Fleck Olwen , McAuley Emma , Creighton Rachel M , Wallace Helen , Graham Una , Mulligan Ciara , Kennedy Adele , Patterson Chris C , McCance David R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study examined the influence of a pregnancy and postnatal multicomponent lifestyle intervention for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overweight/obesity from 6 weeks to 12 months postnatal. The primary outcome was weight at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included change in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

Methods
The study involved 235 pregnant women with GDM and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 during pregnancy. Intervention components included an educational session, activity tracker (Fitbit), monthly phone calls, weekly motivational text messages, 12-week voucher for a commercial weight management organization and anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical measurements taken at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postnatal. The control group received routine local maternity care.

Results
A mean weight change of −2.0 (SD 7.1) kg was observed in the intervention group compared with −0.6 (SD 8.0) kg in the control group, difference −1.4 (95% CI −4.4, 1.5) kg from 6 weeks to 12 months postnatal, but this was not statistically significant (P = .34). Neither were significant differences obtained for any secondary outcomes: BMI −0.6 (−1.6, 0.5) kg/m2, WC −1.0 (−5.1, 3.2) cm and FPG 0.07 (−0.15, 0.29) mmol/L.

Conclusion
This lifestyle intervention among women with overweight/obesity and GDM resulted in a statistically nonsignificant 1.4 kg greater weight loss compared with routine care at 12 months postnatal. Further research is needed to understand how the different components of this lifestyle intervention might be better applied to elicit more successful results.
An Evaluation of the Transfer of Skills and Knowledge from Two World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists Fellowship Programs
Authors: Bould M. Dylan , Cousins J. Bradley , Hoang Jenny , Zha Yuanting , Yilma Lydia , Gacii V. Mark , Subramanian Balavenkat , Evans Faye M. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Subspecialist training is an important part of developing human resources for health and for some learners, may require taking place in another, higher-resourced country. Despite effective learning of skills and knowledge in a different, more highly resourced context, transfer of these skills and knowledge back to a more poorly resourced context can be a challenge. We aimed to evaluate the transfer of skills and knowledge in 2 World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WFSA) fellowship programs.

METHODS:
This qualitative program evaluation study, guided by Guskey’s evaluation framework, used in-depth interviews of both faculty and graduates of the 2 fellowship programs. Interviews were conducted remotely, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative content and pattern analysis.

RESULTS:
We interviewed 2 administrators, 10 faculty members, 17 graduated fellows, and 3 graduated fellows now in the role of faculty member in that fellowship. Key themes were barriers and enablers to the transfer of skills, including workplace and staffing, resources, mentorship, the interprofessional team, and leadership. Graduated fellows were able to have an impact on returning home in the areas of practice and service development, research, and teaching.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study found that the 2 fellowship programs had variable success in the transfer of learned skills and knowledge back to the fellows’ “home” institutions. Contextual differences between the fellowship institution and the home institution were the main source of barriers to transfer, and fellows from different countries had diverse needs. Supporting the transfer of knowledge and skills should be an explicit goal of these fellowship programs, and as such, should be considered in the recruitment of fellows, curriculum development, and in how the success of a fellowship is evaluated. Curricula should not just focus on medical knowledge and skills, but also skills in leading change and in education.
Gα13 controls pharyngeal endoderm convergence by regulating E-cadherin expression and RhoA activation
Authors: Hu Bo , Pinzour Joshua , Patel Asmi , Rooney Faith , Zerwic Amie , Gao Yuanyuan , Nguyen Nhan T. , Xie Huaping , Ye Ding , Lin Fang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Pharyngeal endoderm cells undergo convergence and extension (C&E), which is essential for endoderm pouch formation and craniofacial development. Our previous work implicates Gα13/RhoA-mediated signaling in regulating this process, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we have used endoderm-specific transgenic and Gα13 mutant zebrafish to demonstrate that Gα13 plays a crucial role in pharyngeal endoderm C&E by regulating RhoA activation and E-cadherin expression. We showed that during C&E, endodermal cells gradually establish stable cell-cell contacts, acquire apical-basal polarity and undergo actomyosin-driven apical constriction, which are processes that require Gα13. Additionally, we found that Gα13-deficient embryos exhibit reduced E-cadherin expression, partially contributing to endoderm C&E defects. Notably, interfering with RhoA function disrupts spatial actomyosin activation without affecting E-cadherin expression. Collectively, our findings identify crucial cellular processes for pharyngeal endoderm C&E and reveal that Gα13 controls this through two independent pathways – modulating RhoA activation and regulating E-cadherin expression – thus unveiling intricate mechanisms governing pharyngeal endoderm morphogenesis.
Dissecting the role of SMN multimerization in its dissociation from the Cajal body using harmine as a tool compound
Authors: Ohazama Saki , Fujimoto Akiko , Konda Daisuke , Yokoyama Ryota , Nakagawa Shinichi , Maita Hiroshi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Survival motor neuron protein (SMN), which is linked to spinal muscular atrophy, is a key component of the Gemin complex, which is essential for the assembly of small nuclear RNA-protein complexes (snRNPs). After initial snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm, both snRNPs and SMN migrate to the nucleus and associate with Cajal bodies, where final snRNP maturation occurs. It is assumed that SMN must be free from the Cajal bodies for continuous snRNP biogenesis. Previous observation of the SMN granules docked in the Cajal bodies suggests the existence of a separation mechanism. However, the precise processes that regulate the spatial separation of SMN complexes from Cajal bodies remain unclear. Here, we have employed a super-resolution microscope alongside the β-carboline alkaloid harmine, which disrupts the Cajal body in a reversible manner. Upon removal of harmine, SMN and Coilin first appear as small interconnected condensates. The SMN condensates mature into spheroidal structures encircled by Coilin, eventually segregating into distinct condensates. Expression of a multimerization-deficient SMN mutant leads to enlarged, atypical Cajal bodies in which SMN is unable to segregate into separate condensates. These findings underscore the importance of multimerization in facilitating the segregation of SMN from Coilin within Cajal bodies.
VISION – an open-source software for automated multi-dimensional image analysis of cellular biophysics
Authors: Weber Florian , Iskrak Sofiia , Ragaller Franziska , Schlegel Jan , Plochberger Birgit , Sezgin Erdinc , Andronico Luca A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Environment-sensitive probes are frequently used in spectral and multi-channel microscopy to study alterations in cell homeostasis. However, the few open-source packages available for processing of spectral images are limited in scope. Here, we present VISION, a stand-alone software based on Python for spectral analysis with improved applicability. In addition to classical intensity-based analysis, our software can batch-process multidimensional images with an advanced single-cell segmentation capability and apply user-defined mathematical operations on spectra to calculate biophysical and metabolic parameters of single cells. VISION allows for 3D and temporal mapping of properties such as membrane fluidity and mitochondrial potential. We demonstrate the broad applicability of VISION by applying it to study the effect of various drugs on cellular biophysical properties. the correlation between membrane fluidity and mitochondrial potential, protein distribution in cell–cell contacts and properties of nanodomains in cell-derived vesicles. Together with the code, we provide a graphical user interface for easy adoption.
Papel das empresas na construção de uma sociedade antirracista
Authors: Jaime Pedro , Santos-Souza Humberto Reis dos 
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: discutir por que as empresas devem assumir seu papel na construção de uma sociedade antirracista e mostrar o que devem fazer para isso.
Estado da arte: pessoas negras ganham 39,2% a menos do que as não negras e são 65,1% dos desocupados no Brasil. Em relação à ascensão profissional no mundo corporativo, cabe destacar que, para alcançarmos proporção de negros em postos de direção nesse universo comparável àquela dos Estados Unidos, já por si desigual, deveríamos contar com 38% de afrodescendentes em cargos diretivos. Esse percentual é oito vezes o que temos hoje, 4,7%.
Originalidade: o artigo mostra como as desigualdades raciais marcam profundamente a realidade econômica e o mundo empresarial no Brasil e traz propostas para mudar esse quadro.
Impactos: o artigo chama a atenção de lideranças empresariais e gestores organizacionais para as desigualdades raciais no País e apresenta caminhos para as empresas assumirem sua responsabilidade na transformação social, enraizando políticas consistentes na sua cultura organizacional.
Cautious Exploitation: Learning and Search in Problems of Evaluation and Discovery
Authors: Levinthal Daniel A. , Schliesmann Daniel 
Published: September 2024

Underlying the macrophenomenon of organizational search lie two central mechanisms: belief updating and explicit strategies of exploration/exploitation. We find that slow learning with respect to belief updating, in conjunction with a strategy of exploration/exploitation heavily tilted toward exploitation, leads to an effective process of organizational adaptation in a wide variety of settings. This joint search strategy can be thought of as “cautious exploitation.” Belief updating proves to be a more effective catalyst to search, facilitating both the process of discovery of alternatives and persistence in favorable alternatives, than an explicit strategy of exploration. However, it is important to consider the boundary conditions around this finding. Problems of search differ in important respects: from settings that are primarily problems of discovery where the critical challenge is identifying a promising alternative, but its promise is self-evident once identified, to problems of evaluation where assessing the merit of alternatives that are identified is itself a challenge. We find that our conventional wisdom about the role of explicit strategies of exploration holds in settings that are primarily problems of discovery. However, when the evaluation of alternatives is problematic and assessed through experience with a given alternative, we find that the macrophenomenon of effective organizational search is best realized with slow rates of belief updating in conjunction with an explicit strategy of exploration/exploitation that is tilted to be highly exploitative. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.17538 .
CARMA: Fair and Efficient Bottleneck Congestion Management via Nontradable Karma Credits
Authors: Elokda Ezzat , Cenedese Carlo , Zhang Kenan , Censi Andrea , Lygeros John , Frazzoli Emilio , Dörfler Florian 
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a nonmonetary traffic demand management scheme, named CARMA, as a fair solution to the morning commute congestion. We consider heterogeneous commuters traveling through a single bottleneck that differ in both the desired arrival time and value of time (VOT). We consider a generalized notion of VOT by allowing it to vary dynamically on each day (e.g., according to trip purpose and urgency) rather than being a static characteristic of each individual. In our CARMA scheme, the bottleneck is divided into a fast lane that is kept in free flow and a slow lane that is subject to congestion. We introduce a nontradable mobility credit, named karma, that is used by commuters to bid for access to the fast lane. Commuters who get outbid or do not participate in the CARMA scheme instead use the slow lane. At the end of each day, karma collected from the bidders is redistributed, and the process repeats day by day. We model the collective commuter behaviors under CARMA as a dynamic population game (DPG), in which a stationary Nash equilibrium (SNE) is guaranteed to exist. Unlike existing monetary schemes, CARMA is demonstrated, both analytically and numerically, to achieve (a) an equitable traffic assignment with respect to heterogeneous income classes and (b) a strong Pareto improvement in the long-term average travel disutility with respect to no policy intervention. With extensive numerical analysis, we show that CARMA is able to retain the same congestion reduction as an optimal monetary tolling scheme under uniform karma redistribution and even outperform tolling under a well-designed redistribution scheme. We also highlight the privacy-preserving feature of CARMA, that is, its ability to tailor to the private preferences of commuters without centrally collecting the information. History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on TSL Conference 2023. Funding: This work was supported by NCCR Automation, a National Centre of Competence in Research, funded by the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung [Grant 180545]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.0323 .
A regional One Health approach to the risk of invasion by Anopheles stephensi in Mauritius
Authors: Iyaloo Diana P. , Zohdy Sarah , Carney Ryan M. , Mosawa Varina Ramdonee , Elahee Khouaildi B. , Munglee Nabiihah , Latchooman Nilesh , Puryag Surendra , Bheecarry Ambicadutt , Bhoobun Hemant , Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo Harena , Bedja Saïd Ahmed , Spear Joseph , Baldet Thierry , Carter Tamar E. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Anopheles stephensi is an invasive malaria vector in Africa that threatens to put an additional 126 million people at risk of malaria if it continues to spread. The island nation of Mauritius is highly connected to Asia and Africa and is at risk of introduction due to this connectivity. For early detection of An. stephensi, the Vector Biology and Control Division under the Ministry of Health in Mauritius, leveraged a well-established Aedes program, as An. stephensi is known to share Aedes habitats. These efforts triggered multisectoral coordination and cascading benefits of integrated vector and One Health approaches.

Methods
Beginning June 2021, entomological surveys were conducted at points of entry (seaport, airport) and on ships transporting livestock in collaboration with the Civil Aviation Department, the Mauritian Port Authority and National Veterinary Services.
A total of 18, 39, 723 mosquito larval surveys were respectively conducted in the airport, seaport, and other localities in Mauritius while two, 20, and 26 adult mosquito surveys were respectively conducted in the airport, seaport, and twenty-six animal assembly points. Alongside adult mosquito surveys, surveillance of vectors of veterinary importance (e.g.- Culicoides spp.) was also carried out in collaboration with National Parks and Conservation Service and land owners.

Results
A total of 8,428 adult mosquitoes were collected and 1,844 larval habitats were positive for mosquitoes. All collected mosquitoes were morphologically identified and 151 Anopheles and 339 Aedes mosquitoes were also molecularly characterized. Mosquito species detected were Aedes albopictus, Anopheles arabiensis, An. coustani, An. merus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. thalassius and Lutzia tigripes. Anopheles stephensi was not detected. The One Health approach was shared with the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), strengthening collaboration between Mauritius and Réunion Island on vector surveillance at entry points and insecticide resistance monitoring. The Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) was also alerted to the risk of An. stephensi, leading to regional efforts supporting trainings and development of a response strategy to An. stephensi bringing together stakeholders from Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion Island and Seychelles.

Conclusions
Mauritius is a model system showing how existing public health entomology capabilities can be used to enhance vector surveillance and control and create multisectoral networks to respond to any emerging public and veterinary health vector-borne disease threat.