bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum lipid levels were related to socio‐demographic characteristics in a German population‐based child cohort
Authors: Dathan‐Stumpf Anne , Vogel Mandy , Rieger Kristin , Thiery Joachim , Hiemisch Andreas , Kiess Wieland 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimSocio‐demographic factors affect the development and lives of children and adolescents. We examined links between serum lipids and apolipoproteins and socio‐demographic factors in the Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases Child (LIFE Child) study.MethodsThe Winkler index and the Family Affluence Scale were used to define characteristics of the social status of 938 boys and 860 girls aged from birth to 19 years. We then used univariate and multivariate regression analyses to examine the socio‐demographic impact on total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol triglycerides and apolipoproteins A1 (ApoA1) and B (ApoB).ResultsNo significant influences on the Winkler index or the Family Affluence Scale were observed regarding the concentrations of serum lipids for total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol. However, and most importantly, children and adolescents with high social status and high family affluence showed significantly higher HDL cholesterol and ApoA1 levels than those with lower individual totals. A higher Winkler index was associated with significantly lower values for triglycerides and ApoB.ConclusionAdolescents with higher family wealth and social status showed a lower cardiovascular risk profile, as measured by the concentrations of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides as well as ApoA1 and B.
Muscle immobilization activates mitophagy and disrupts mitochondrial dynamics in mice
Authors: Kang C. , Yeo D. , Ji L. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimSkeletal muscle atrophy following prolonged immobilization (IM) is a catabolic state characterized by increased proteolysis and functional deterioration. Previous research indicates that discord of mitochondrial homoeostasis plays a critical role in muscle atrophy. We hypothesized that muscle IM would activate the ubiquitin‐proteolysis, autophagy–lysosome (mitophagy) pathway, mitochondrial dynamics remodelling and apoptosis partially controlled by the FoxO signalling pathway.MethodsFemale FVB/N mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8 each): control (CON), IM with banding of one of the hindlimbs for 1, 2 and 3 weeks (1w‐, 2w‐ and 3w‐IM) and 2w‐IM followed by 1 week of remobilization (RM).ResultsMitochondrial density and DNA copies in tibialis anterior (TA) muscle were reduced by approx. 80% (P < 0.05 for 2w‐IM; P < 0.01 for 3w‐IM), along with activation of FoxO3a, atrogin‐1 and MuRF1 following 2w‐ and 3w‐IM (P < 0.01). Protein markers of autophagy/mitophagy, such as beclin 1 (approx. 2.7‐fold; P < 0.01), LC3, ubiquitin‐binding adaptor (approx. 1.47‐fold; P < 0.01), Rheb (approx. 1.9‐fold; P < 0.05) and parkin (approx. 70%; P < 0.05), were all increased by IM and remained activated after RM, whereas BNIP3 and PINK1 levels were decreased by IM (P < 0.05), but elevated upon RM (P < 0.01). IM decreased Mfn2 expression (approx. 50%; P < 0.01) and increased Fis‐1 expression (approx. 2.4‐fold; P < 0.05). Muscle apoptosis indicator Bax/Bcl2 ratio was elevated at 2w‐ to 3w‐IM (approx. 3.7‐fold; P < 0.01), whereas caspase‐3 activity was five‐ to sixfold higher (P < 0.01) and remained threefold higher above CON (P < 0.05).ConclusionOur data indicate that IM‐induced mitochondrial deterioration is associated with altered protein expressions in the autophagic/mitophagic pathway, more fragmented mitochondrial network and activation of apoptosis partly under the influence of FoxO3 activation.
Heat shock transcription factor 1‐associated expression of slow myosin heavy chain in mouse soleus muscle in response to unloading with or without reloading
Authors: Yokoyama S. , Ohno Y. , Egawa T. , Yasuhara K. , Nakai A. , Sugiura T. , Ohira Y. , Yoshioka T. , Okita M. , Origuchi T. , Goto K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimThe effects of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) deficiency on the fibre type composition and the expression level of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family members (NFATc1, NFATc2, NFATc3 and NFATc4), phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3α (p‐GSK3α) and p‐GSK3β, microRNA‐208b (miR‐208b), miR‐499 and slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) mRNAs (Myh7 and Myh7b) of antigravitational soleus muscle in response to unloading with or without reloading were investigated.MethodsHSF1‐null and wild‐type mice were subjected to continuous 2‐week hindlimb suspension followed by 2‐ or 4‐week ambulation recovery.ResultsIn wild‐type mice, the relative population of slow type I fibres, the expression level of NFATc2, p‐GSK3 (α and β), miR‐208b, miR‐499 and slow MyHC mRNAs (Myh7 and Myh7b) were all decreased with hindlimb suspension, but recovered after it. Significant interactions between train and time (the relative population of slow type I fibres; P = 0.01, the expression level of NFATc2; P = 0.001, p‐GSKβ; P = 0.009, miR‐208b; P = 0.002, miR‐499; P = 0.04) suggested that these responses were suppressed in HSF1‐null mice.ConclusionHSF1 may be a molecule in the regulation of the expression of slow MyHC as well as miR‐208b, miR‐499, NFATc2 and p‐GSK3 (α and β) in mouse soleus muscle.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis to recommend the optimal dose of udenafil in patients with mild and moderate hepatic impairment
Authors: Kim Anhye , Lee Jongtae , Shin Donghoon , Jung Yong Jin , Bahng Mi Young , Cho Joo‐Youn , Jang In‐Jin 
Published: April 2016

AimsThe aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of udenafil and its active metabolite, DA‐8164, in healthy subjects and patients with hepatic impairment (HI) and to estimate the optimal dosing recommendations for patients with HI.MethodsAn open label, three parallel group, age and weight matched control study was conducted in 18 volunteers, six healthy subjects (n = 6) and patients with mild (Child–Pugh class A, n = 6) and moderate HI (Child–Pugh class B, n = 6). Serial blood samples were collected for up to 72 h after a single administration of udenafil 100 mg. A population PK model was developed using non‐linear mixed effects modelling (nonmem, ver. 7.2). The simulated data from the final PK model and original data of healthy subjects were compared to identify the optimal dose for patients with HI.ResultsA two compartment model for both udenafil and DA‐8164 best described the data. Prothrombin time on metabolic clearance of udenafil to DA‐8164 was included in the final model as a covariate. Compared with the AUC(0,tlast) value after administration of udenafil 100 mg to healthy subjects, the geometric mean ratios (95% confidence interval) after 100 mg and 75 mg udenafil administration were 1.21 (1.10, 1.32) and 0.74 (0.67, 0.81) in patients with mild HI, respectively. Meanwhile, those were 1.55 (1.43, 1.67) and 1.02 (0.92, 1.12) in patients with moderate HI, respectively.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the recommended doses of udenafil are 100 mg and 75 mg in patients with mild and moderate HI, respectively.
Feasibility for active surveillance in biopsy Gleason 3 + 4 prostate cancer: an Australian radical prostatectomy cohort
Authors: Wong Lih‐Ming , Tang Vincent , Peters Justin , Costello Anthony , Corcoran Niall 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the feasibility of active surveillance for low volume Gleason sum (GS) 3 + 4 disease compared to GS 3 + 3 disease.Patients and MethodsRetrospective review of 929 patients, with biopsy proven GS 3 + 3 and 3 + 4 PCa, undergoing upfront radical prostatectomy (RP) was performed. Suitability for AS was adapted from protocols by Royal Marsden Hospital, University of Toronto, and PRIAS by allowing Gleason 3 + 4 disease.The outcomes assessed were adverse pathology at RP (upgrading ≥GS 4 + 3 and/or upstaging ≥pT3) and biochemical recurrence (BCR) after RP.ResultsAdverse pathology at RP was compared between GS 3 + 3 vs 3 + 4 groups. When selecting patients using Royal Marsden (n = 714) or University of Toronto (n = 699) protocols, there was statistically significantly more adverse pathology at RP in GS 3 + 4 group (21% vs 31%, P = 0.0028 and 19% vs 33%, P=<0.001 respectively). Using the more stringent PRIAS protocol (n = 198), there was no statistical significant difference in groups.There was no difference in BCR survival between biopsy GS 3 + 3 and 3 + 4 groups, regardless of which AS protocol assessed. Pre‐operative PSA and clinical staging were the predictors for BCR.ConclusionPresence of Gleason 3 + 4 at biopsy, when compared to 3 + 3, increases the risk of adverse pathology being present at radical prostatectomy for less stringent selection criteria. When considering AS, a stricter protocol such as PRIAS, limiting PSA density and number of positive cores to ≤2, appears to decrease the risk of adverse pathology. No differences in BCR were seen between biopsy 3 + 3 and 3 + 4 disease, regardless of AS selection criteria.
Associations between chronic systemic diseases and primary open angle glaucoma: an epidemiological perspective
Authors: Tham Yih‐Chung , Cheng Ching‐Yu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGlaucoma is a leading cause of global irreversible blindness. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of glaucoma and affects 44.1 million individuals worldwide. Elevation of intraocular pressure and impairment of vascular supply to the optic nerve head are two key pathogenic processes in the development of POAG. In this regard, chronic systemic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity have been postulated to be correlated with these two pathogenic processes. Thus, it is plausible that chronic systemic diseases may act as risk factors for POAG. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence on the associations of chronic systemic diseases with POAG. These information will help to further ascertain the risk factors for POAG and improve the early detection of POAG.
The risk of bias of animal experiments in implant dentistry: a methodological study
Authors: Faggion Clovis Mariano , Diaz Karla Tatiana , Aranda Luisiana , Gabel Frank , Listl Stefan , Alarcón Marco Antonio 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the risk of bias (ROB) in reports of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of animal experiments published in implant dentistry, and to explore the association between animal experiment characteristics and ROB.Material and methodsWe searched the MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS and SciELO databases from 2010 to March 2015 for reports of RCTs of animal experiments published in implant dentistry. We evaluated independently and in duplicate the ROB of these experiments by the use of a tool specifically developed to evaluate ROB in animal studies, the SYRCLE's tool. ROB was judged as low, high or unclear (when there was not enough information to judge ROB). We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to evaluate the association of specific study characteristics and extent of ROB.ResultsWe initially selected 850 publications and 161 reports of animal experiments were included. For a total of 1449 entries (records), 486 (34%) were rated as low ROB. High ROB was attributed to 80 (6%) of entries, and 883 (60%) entries were rated as unclear ROB. The characteristics “impact factor” (IF), reporting of standard error (SE) and reporting of confidence interval (CI) were significantly associated with low ROB in some SYRCLE domains.ConclusionsA substantial number of items with unclear ROB were observed in this sample of animal experiments in implant dentistry. Furthermore, the present findings suggest that implant dentistry animal experiments published in journals with higher IF and better report of measures of precision; that is, CI and SE may have lower ROB than those not having these characteristics.
Adaptive conjoint analysis: A new approach to defining corporate governance
Authors: Adrian Christofer , Wright Sue , Kilgore Alan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueThe method introduced to the corporate governance literature by this paper captures the construct of corporate governance in a small number of attributes, using responses made by directors and shareholders to an adaptive conjoint analysis questionnaire.Research Findings/InsightsWe demonstrate how to identify the key attributes of corporate governance from directors' and shareholders' relative preferences among a set of corporate governance attributes. The dominance of CEO duality as a relatively more important attribute is a key finding.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsAdaptive conjoint analysis is a useful technique for research into governance issues characterized by constrained choice. For future researchers seeking to capture governance in a limited number of measures, we have identified four attributes considered by directors and shareholders to comprise effective corporate governance, with the single measure of CEO duality being the most important.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis parsimonious set of attributes can guide the design of future corporate governance regulations, to avoid costly over‐regulation. We do not suggest that restrictions on multiple directorships or an appropriate board size should be added to current requirements, and the surprisingly low perceptions of audit partner tenure and audit committee size as important to good corporate governance suggest that these attributes could be excluded from future regulations.
Aortic Valve Disease and Vascular Mechanics: Two‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiographic Analysis
Authors: Leite Luís , Teixeira Rogério , Oliveira‐Santos Manuel , Barbosa António , Martins Rui , Castro Graça , Gonçalves Lino , Pego Mariano 
Published: April 2016

PurposeDegenerative aortic valve disease (AVD) is a complex disorder that goes beyond valve itself, also undermining aortic wall. We aimed to assess the ascending aortic mechanics with two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) in patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) and hypothesized a relationship with degree of AR. Aortic mechanics were then compared with those of similarly studied healthy controls and patients with aortic stenosis (AS); finally, we aimed to assess the prognostic significance of vascular mechanics in AVD.MethodsOverall, 73 patients with moderate‐to‐severe AR and 22 healthy subjects were enrolled, alongside a previously examined cohort (N = 45) with moderate‐to‐severe AS. Global circumferential ascending aortic strain (CAAS) and strain rate (CAASR) served as indices of aortic deformation; corrected CAAS was calculated as CAAS/pulse pressure (PP). Median clinical follow‐up was 438 days.ResultsIn patients with severe (vs. moderate) AR, CAASR (1.53 ± 0.29/sec vs. 1.90 ± 0.62/sec, P < 0.05) and corrected CAAS (0.14 ± 0.06%/mmHg vs. 0.19 ± 0.08%/mmHg, P < 0.05) were significantly lower, whereas CAAS did not differ significantly. Measurers of aortic mechanics (CAAS, corrected CAAS, CAASR) differed significantly (all P < 0.01) in patients with AS and AR and in healthy subjects, with lower values seen in patients with AS. In follow‐up, survival rate of AVD patients with baseline CAASR >0.88/sec was significantly higher (log rank, 97.4% vs. 73.0%; P = 0.03).ConclusionsQuantitative measures of aortic mechanics were lower for AS patients, suggesting a more significant derangement of aortic elastic properties. In the context of AVD, vascular mechanics assessment proved useful in gauging clinical prognosis.
Topical betamethasone butyrate propionate exacerbates pressure ulcers after cutaneous ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Uchiyama Akihiko , Yamada Kazuya , Perera Buddhini , Ogino Sachiko , Yokoyama Yoko , Takeuchi Yuko , Ishikawa Osamu , Motegi Sei‐ichiro 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIschaemia–reperfusion (I/R) is involved in the development of various organ diseases. There has been increasing evidence that cutaneous I/R injury is associated with the pathogenesis of pressure ulcers (PUs), especially at the early stage presenting as non‐blanchable erythema. However, there is no evidence‐based treatment for early‐stage PUs. Our objective was to assess the effects of topical steroid on the development of PUs after cutaneous I/R injury in mice. Cutaneous I/R was performed by trapping the dorsal skin between two magnetic plates for 12 h, followed by plate removal. Topical application of betamethasone butyrate propionate (BBP) in I/R areas significantly increased the size of PUs after I/R. The number of thromboses was increased, and CD31+ vessels were decreased in the I/R area treated with topical BBP. The number of oxidative stress‐associated DNA‐damaged cells and apoptotic cells in the I/R area was increased by topical BBP treatment. In addition, the mRNA level of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), the essential enzyme that produces reactive oxygen species, was significantly increased and that of NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that regulates the expression of antioxidant proteins, was inhibited in the I/R area treated by BBP. The number of CD68+ macrophages and the level of transforming growth factor‐beta in lesional skin were also decreased by BBP. These results suggest that a topical steroid might accelerate the formation of PUs induced by cutaneous I/R injury by aggravating oxidative stress‐induced tissue damage. Topical steroids might not be recommended for the treatment of acute‐phase decubitus ulcers.
Mania associated with ranitidine: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Mauran Audrey , Goze Tudi , Abadie Delphine , Bondon‐Guitton Emmanuelle , Chevrel Pauline , Schmitt Laurent , Montastruc Jean‐Louis , Montastruc François 
Published: April 2016

AbstractH2 receptor antagonists can be associated with central adverse drug reactions (ADRs), like confusion, delirium, hallucinations, slurred speech or headaches. We report here a ‘serious’ case of severe mania leading to hospitalization in a 42‐year‐old alcohol‐dependent man, 4 days after ranitidine introduction. Review of literature showed that this ‘very rare’ ADR occurs mainly in patients with predisposing factors: age, decrease in renal and/or hepatic function, polymedication, alcohol. Knowledge of this ADR can be particularly important for these drugs widely used as self‐medication.
A small number of anadromous females drive reproduction in a brown trout (Salmo trutta) population in an English chalk stream
Authors: Goodwin Jill C. A. , Andrew King R. , Iwan Jones J. , Ibbotson Anton , Stevens Jamie R. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBrown trout,Salmo trutta, exhibit one of the most highly variable and polytypic life‐history strategies of all salmonids. Populations may be wholly freshwater‐resident or almost exclusively migratory (anadromous), or fish of a single population may exhibit varying proportions of the two life‐history strategies. Both anadromous and freshwater‐resident trout freely interbreed to produce fertile offspring.We quantify maternal reproductive provisioning by anadromous and freshwater‐resident brown trout to their offspring and assess relative parental fitness (in terms of number, size and time of emergence of offspring). Newly emerged juvenile trout (fry) were sampled (n = 119) over the emergence period in March–April 2007 in a lowland English chalk stream; samples of adult trout [anadromous (6F : 12M) and freshwater‐resident (22F : 56M)], river‐resident trout parr and macroinvertebrate prey were also collected.Using a novel combination of stable isotope analysis and microsatellite genotyping we demonstrate the overwhelming contribution of anadromous parents (both female and male) to fry production, despite the obvious presence and numerical dominance of resident adults. We unambiguously identify the maternal origins of 78% of juveniles sampled and show that maternal reproductive contribution to juvenile production in the river was higher for anadromous females (76%) than freshwater‐resident fish (2.5%). Offspring of anadromous females emerged earlier and at a larger body size than offspring of resident females. Similarly, while the relative contribution of resident males (37%) was higher than that of resident females, anadromous males sired considerably more offspring (63%) than resident males. This is the first study of its kind to accurately assess the reproductive contribution of anadromous male trout.Overall, this study suggests that anadromous maternal traits provide offspring with an adaptive advantage and greater fitness in early ontogeny, and that a small number of anadromous females (six of 96 adults sampled) are the main drivers of reproduction in this system.
A time and motion study of junior doctor work patterns on the weekend: a potential contributor to the weekend effect?
Authors: Richardson L. C. , Lehnbom E. C. , Baysari M. T. , Walter S. R. , Day R. O. , Westbrook J. I. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundPatients admitted to hospital on weekends have a greater risk of mortality compared to patients admitted on weekdays. Junior medical officers (JMO) make up the majority of medical staff on weekends. No previous study has quantified JMO work patterns on weekends.AimTo describe and quantify JMO work patterns on weekends and compare them with patterns previously observed during the week.MethodsObservational time and motion study of JMO working weekends using the Work Observation Method by Activity Timing (WOMBAT; Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia) software. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the proportion of total observed time spent in tasks.ResultsWeekend JMO predominately spent time in indirect care (32.0%), direct care (23.0%) and professional communication (22.1%). JMO spent 20.9% of time multitasking and were interrupted, on average, every 9 min. Weekend JMO spent significantly more time in direct care compared with weekdays (13.0%; P < 0.001) and nights (14.3%; P < 0.001). Weekend JMO spent significantly less time on breaks (8.5%), with less than 1 h in an 11‐h shift, compared with JMO during weekdays (16.4%; P = 0.004) and nights (27.6%; P = <0.001). Weekend JMO were interrupted at a higher rate (6.6/h) than on weekdays (rate ratio (RR) 2.9, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.6, 3.3) or nights (RR 5.1, 95% CI 4.2, 6.1). Multitasking on weekends (20.9%) was comparable to weekdays (18.9%; P = 0.19) but significantly higher than nights (6.4%; P = <0.001).ConclusionOn weekends, JMO had few breaks, were interrupted frequently and engaged in high levels of multitasking. This pattern of JMO work could be a potential contributing factor to the weekend effect in terms of JMO abilities to respond safely and adequately to care demands.
Successful term delivery of spontaneous twin pregnancy in a woman with bicorporeal septate uterus: A case report
Authors: Li Yanfang , Yang Lilin , Tian Yuanyuan , Li Daocheng , Luo Songping 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHerein, we report the first case of successful term delivery of twins in a patient with bicorporeal septate uterus via natural conception. The patient had been diagnosed with complete septate, didelphys and bicornuate uterus during different phases of her three pregnancies. Based on follow‐up data at six weeks and then six months post‐partum of the last pregnancy, we found that the abnormalities presented in our case did not fit the criteria of any categories following American Fertility Society and European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology–European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy classification systems. After comprehensive review of the uterine morphologic characteristics, embryology and pregnancy outcome, we considered ‘bicorporeal septate uterus’ the most appropriate diagnosis. This case emphasized the atypical changes of uterine shape as twin pregnancy advances and its influence on productive performance and pregnancy outcome in uterine malformation. It also raised concern regarding the usability and comprehensiveness of the two most popular classification systems.