bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering interpersonal trust on social media: physicians' perspectives and experiences
Authors: Panahi Sirous , Watson Jason , Partridge Helen 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Background
The problem of developing and sustaining mutual trust is one of the main barriers to knowledge sharing on social media platforms such as blogs, wikis, micro-blogs and social networking websites. While many studies argue that mutual trust is necessary for online communication and knowledge sharing, few have actually explored and demonstrated how physicians can establish and sustain trusted relationships on social media.

Objectives
To identify approaches through which physicians establish interpersonal trust on social media.

Methods
Twenty-four physicians, who were active users of social media, were interviewed using a semi-structured approach between 2013 and 2014. Snowball sampling was employed for participant recruitment. The data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.

Results
Physicians trust their peers on social media in a slightly different way than in face-to-face communication. The study found that the majority of participants established trust on social media mainly through previous personal interaction, authenticity and relevancy of voice, professional standing, consistency of communication, peer recommendation, and non-anonymous and moderated sites.

Conclusions
Healthcare professionals need to approach social media carefully when using it for knowledge sharing, networking and developing trusted relations with like-minded peers.
First-principle investigations on structural, elastic, electronic and thermodynamic properties of ScX3(X = Ir,Pd,Pt and Rh) under high pressure
Authors: Chen Bao , Qi Santao , Song Hongquan , Zhang Chuanhui , Shen Jiang 
Published: December 2015

In this paper, the structural, elastic, electronic and thermodynamic properties of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] intermetallic compound are investigated using pseudopotential method based on density functional theory (DFT) under pressure. In this work, the calculated lattice constant and bulk modulus are in accordance with experimental values at zero temperature and zero pressure. The bulk modulus [Formula: see text], shear modulus [Formula: see text] and Young’s modulus [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] increase with the increasing external pressure. It is noted that [Formula: see text] of investigated compound has the largest [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The results of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have the same change trend, but [Formula: see text] presents an irregular change for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The density of states for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are investigated at 0, 30 and 50 GPa. In addition, the thermodynamic properties as a function of temperature at different pressure are also studied.
UV-Associated Mutations Underlie the Etiology of MCV-Negative Merkel Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Wong Stephen Q. , Waldeck Kelly , Vergara Ismael A. , Schröder Jan , Madore Jason , Wilmott James S. , Colebatch Andrew J. , De Paoli-Iseppi Ricardo , Li Jason , Lupat Richard , Semple Timothy , Arnau Gisela Mir , Fellowes Andrew , Leonard J. Helen , Hruby George , Mann Graham J. , Thompson John F. , Cullinane Carleen , Johnston Meredith , Shackleton Mark , Sandhu Shahneen , Bowtell David D.L. , Johnstone Ricky W. , Fox Stephen B. , McArthur Grant A. , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Scolyer Richard A. , Gill Anthony J. , Hicks Rodney J. , Tothill Richard W. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon, but highly malignant, cutaneous tumor. Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCV) has been implicated in a majority of MCC tumors; however, viral-negative tumors have been reported to be more prevalent in some geographic regions subject to high sun exposure. While the impact of MCV and viral T-antigens on MCC development has been extensively investigated, little is known about the etiology of viral-negative tumors. We performed targeted capture and massively parallel DNA sequencing of 619 cancer genes to compare the gene mutations and copy number alterations in MCV-positive (n = 13) and -negative (n = 21) MCC tumors and cell lines. We found that MCV-positive tumors displayed very low mutation rates, but MCV-negative tumors exhibited a high mutation burden associated with a UV-induced DNA damage signature. All viral-negative tumors harbored mutations in RB1, TP53, and a high frequency of mutations in NOTCH1 and FAT1. Additional mutated or amplified cancer genes of potential clinical importance included PI3K (PIK3CA, AKT1, PIK3CG) and MAPK (HRAS, NF1) pathway members and the receptor tyrosine kinase FGFR2. Furthermore, looking ahead to potential therapeutic strategies encompassing immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-L1, we also assessed the status of T-cell–infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and PD-L1 in MCC tumors. A subset of viral-negative tumors exhibited high TILs and PD-L1 expression, corresponding with the higher mutation load within these cancers. Taken together, this study provides new insights into the underlying biology of viral-negative MCC and paves the road for further investigation into new treatment opportunities. Cancer Res; 75(24); 5228–34. ©2015 AACR.
Critical Roles of STAT3 in β-Adrenergic Functions in the Heart
Authors: Zhang Wenjun , Qu Xiuxia , Chen Biyi , Snyder Marylynn , Wang Meijing , Li Baiyan , Tang Yue , Chen Hanying , Zhu Wuqiang , Zhan Li , Yin Ni , Li Deqiang , Xie Li , Liu Ying , Zhang J. Jillian , Fu Xin-Yuan , Rubart Michael , Song Long-Sheng , Huang Xin-Yun , Shou Weinian 
Published: December 2015

Background—
β-Adrenergic receptors (βARs) play paradoxical roles in the heart. On one hand, βARs augment cardiac performance to fulfill the physiological demands, but on the other hand, prolonged activations of βARs exert deleterious effects that result in heart failure. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a dynamic role in integrating multiple cytokine signaling pathways in a number of tissues. Altered activation of STAT3 has been observed in failing hearts in both human patients and animal models. Our objective is to determine the potential regulatory roles of STAT3 in cardiac βAR-mediated signaling and function.

Methods and Results—

We observed that STAT3 can be directly activated in cardiomyocytes by β-adrenergic agonists. To follow up this finding, we analyzed βAR function in cardiomyocyte-restricted STAT3 knockouts and discovered that the conditional loss of STAT3 in cardiomyocytes markedly reduced the cardiac contractile response to acute βAR stimulation, and caused disengagement of calcium coupling and muscle contraction. Under chronic β-adrenergic stimulation,
Stat3cKO
hearts exhibited pronounced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cell death, and subsequent cardiac fibrosis. Biochemical and genetic data supported that Gα
s
and Src kinases are required for βAR-mediated activation of STAT3. Finally, we demonstrated that STAT3 transcriptionally regulates several key components of βAR pathway, including β
1
AR, protein kinase A, and T-type Ca
2+
channels.

Conclusions—
Our data demonstrate for the first time that STAT3 has a fundamental role in βAR signaling and functions in the heart. STAT3 serves as a critical transcriptional regulator for βAR-mediated cardiac stress adaption, pathological remodeling, and heart failure.
Blood Pressure Control and Risk of Stroke or Systemic Embolism in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Results From the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) Trial
Authors: Rao Meena P. , Halvorsen Sigrun , Wojdyla Daniel , Thomas Laine , Alexander John H. , Hylek Elaine M. , Hanna Michael , Bahit M. Cecilia , Lopes Renato D. , De Caterina Raffaele , Erol Cetin , Goto Shinya , Lanas Fernando , Lewis Basil S. , Husted Steen , Gersh Bernard J. , Wallentin Lars , Granger Christopher B. ,   the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) Steering Committee and Investigators
Published: December 2015

Background

Patients with atrial fibrillation (
AF
) and hypertension are at high risk for stroke. Previous studies have shown elevated risk of stroke in patients with
AF
who have a history of hypertension (regardless of blood pressure [
BP
] control) and in patients with elevated
BP
. We assessed the association of hypertension and
BP
control on clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results

In
ARISTOTLE
(n=18 201),
BP
was evaluated as history of hypertension requiring treatment and elevated
BP
(systolic ≥140 and/or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg) at study entry and any point during the trial. Hazard ratios (
HR
s) were derived from Cox proportional hazards models including
BP
as a time‐dependent covariate. A total of 15 916 (87.5%) patients had a history of hypertension requiring treatment. In patients with elevated
BP
measurement at any point during the trial, the rate of stroke or systemic embolism was significantly higher (
HR
, 1.53; 95% confidence interval [
CI
], 1.25–1.86), as was hemorrhagic stroke (
HR
1.85; 95%
CI
, 1.26–2.72) and ischemic stroke (
HR
, 1.50; 95%
CI
, 1.18–1.90). Rates of major bleeding were lower in patients with a history of hypertension (
HR
, 0.80; 95%
CI
, 0.66–0.98) and nonsignificantly lower in patients with elevated
BP
at study entry (
HR
, 0.89; 95%
CI
, 0.77–1.03). The benefit of apixaban versus warfarin on preventing stroke or systemic embolism was consistent among patients with and without a history of hypertension (
P
interaction=0.27),
BP
control at baseline (
P
interaction=0.43), and
BP
control during the trial (
P
interaction=0.97).

Conclusions

High
BP
measurement at any point during the trial was independently associated with a substantially higher risk of stroke or systemic embolism. These results strongly support efforts to treat elevated
BP
as an important strategy to optimally lower risk of stroke in patients with
AF
.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://ClinicalTrials.gov/
. Unique identifier:
NCT
00412984.
Seladin-1/DHCR24 Is Neuroprotective by Associating EAAT2 Glutamate Transporter to Lipid Rafts in Experimental Stroke
Authors: Hernández-Jiménez Macarena , Martínez-López Diego , Gabandé-Rodríguez Enrique , Martín-Segura Adrian , Lizasoain Ignacio , Ledesma María D. , Dotti Carlos G. , Moro María A. 
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—
3β-Hydroxysteroid-Δ24 reductase (DHCR24) or selective alzheimer disease indicator 1 (seladin-1), an enzyme of cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, has been implicated in neuroprotection, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, its role in ischemic stroke remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of seladin-1/DHCR24 using an experimental stroke model in mice.

Methods—

Dhcr24
+/−
and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. In another set of experiments, WT mice were treated intraperitoneally either with vehicle or U18666A (seladin-1/DHCR24 inhibitor, 10 mg/kg) 30 minutes after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Brains were removed 48 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion for infarct volume determination. For protein expression determination, peri-infarct region was obtained 24 h after ischemia, and Western blot or cytometric bead array was performed.

Results—

Dhcr24

+/
−

mice displayed larger infarct volumes after middle cerebral artery occlusion than their WT littermates. Treatment of WT mice with the seladin-1/DHCR24 inhibitor U18666A also increased ischemic lesion. Inflammation-related mediators were increased after ischemia in
Dhcr24

+/
−

mice compared with WT counterparts. Consistent with a role of cholesterol in proper function of glutamate transporter EAAT2 in membrane lipid rafts, we found a decreased association of EAAT2 with lipid rafts after ischemia when DHCR24 is genetically deleted or pharmacologically inhibited. Accordingly, treatment with U18666A decreases [
3
H]-glutamate uptake in cultured astrocytes.

Conclusions—
These results support the idea that lipid raft integrity, ensured by seladin-1/DHCR24, plays a crucial protective role in the ischemic brain by guaranteeing EAAT2-mediated uptake of glutamate excess.
In Vitro Assessment of Histology Verified Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease by 1.5T Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Yang Wen-Jie , Chen Xiang-Yan , Zhao Hai-Lu , Niu Chun-Bo , Xu Yun , Wong Ka-Sing , Ng Ho-Keung 
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—
Clinical trial studies show that plaque eccentricity (symmetry) is among the plaque features that have been associated with more frequent cerebrovascular events. Plaque eccentricity of intracranial atherosclerotic disease is unclear because of lacking of cerebral artery specimens.

Methods—
1.5T magnetic resonance imaging was performed in the postmortem brains to scan the cross sections of middle cerebral artery. Plaque eccentricity of histology-verified middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis was calculated on T1-weighted fat-suppressed sequence.

Results—

Validated by histology, concentric atherosclerotic plaques were identified in 46 middle cerebral arteries (63.9%) on magnetic resonance imaging and eccentric plaques in 26 arteries (26.1%). Eccentric plaques showed higher maximum wall thickness and lower minimum wall thickness than concentric plaques (both
P
<0.001). Plaque burden and brain infarctions were similar between concentric and eccentric plaques.

Conclusions—
Intracranial atherosclerosis presents as eccentric or concentric in geometry, which may be not linked to intracranial plaque risk. Further in vivo imaging studies are needed to identify morphological features of intracranial plaques and to verify its association with brain infarctions.
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor β/δ Alleviates Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats
Authors: Teng Zhipeng , Jiang Li , Hu Qin , He Yue , Guo Zhenni , Wu Yue , Huang Zhijian , Cao Fang , Cheng Chongjie , Sun Xiaochuan , Guo Zongduo 
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—
Early brain injury is proposed to be the primary cause of the poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which is closely related to the neural apoptosis. To date, the relationship between peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) and nuclear factor-κB/matrix metalloproteinase-9 (NF-κB/MMP-9) pathway, both of which are closely related to apoptotic effects, has been poorly studied in SAH. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of PPARβ/δ on early brain injury and NF-κB/MMP-9 pathway after SAH in rats.

Methods—
SAH model was established by injecting nonheparinized autologous arterial blood into the prechiasmatic cistern in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Adenoviruses or small interfering RNAs were injected into the right lateral cerebral ventricle to, respectively, up- or downregulate PPARβ/δ expression before SAH. All animals were assessed with a neurological score and then killed at 24 hours after SAH surgery. The indexes of brain water content, blood–brain barrier permeability, and apoptosis were used to detect brain injury. The expression of PPARβ/δ, NF-κB, and MMP-9 were measured by immunohistochemistry, gelatin zymography, and Western Blot methods, respectively. In addition, GW0742, a specific agonist of PPARβ/δ, was used to treat SAH in rats, the effects of which were evaluated by neurological scoring and Evans blue extravasation.

Results—
Overexpression of PPARβ/δ by adenoviruses treatment significantly ameliorated brain injury with improvement in neurological deficits, brain edema, blood–brain barrier impairment, and neural cell apoptosis at 24 hours after SAH in rats, whereas downregulation of PPARβ/δ by small interfering RNAs administration resulted in the reverse effects of the above. The expression levels of NF-κB and MMP-9 were markedly downregulated when PPARβ/δ increased after PPARβ/δ adenovirus transfection and upregulated when PPARβ/δ decreased by PPARβ/δ small interfering RNAs treatment. Moreover, GW0742 improved neurological deficits and reduced Evans blue extravasation at 24 hours after SAH.

Conclusions—
PPARβ/δ’s overexpression may attenuate early brain injury after rats’ SAH administration, which reduces neural apoptosis possibly through blocking NF-κB/MMP-9 pathway.
The hunt for “indigenous criteria” in assessing communication in the physiotherapy workplace
Authors: Elder Catherine , McNamara Tim 
Published: December 2015

Gaining insights from domain experts into how they view communication in real world settings is recognized as an important authenticity consideration in the development of criteria to assess language proficiency for specific academic or occupational purposes. These “indigenous” criteria represent an articulation of the test construct and should therefore reflect what is germane to the particular domain of language use rather than general language-focused criteria familiar from other language tests. The methodological question of how to elicit such insights is, however, complex and has been addressed by various researchers using different methodological and theoretical frameworks. The paper draws on data from a larger research project to explore the affordances and constraints of more or less direct approaches to eliciting domain experts’ perspectives on what matters for effective communication in the workplace. The domain experts in this case were physiotherapy educators and supervisors. The study offers a qualitative comparison of expert feedback gathered from three different sites. Two were in the workplace where the communication skills of physiotherapy students in training were assessed routinely and the feedback given to them was naturally occurring rather than elicited. The third was a more artificial workshop setting in which video-recorded interactions between student and patients or simulated patients (i.e., actors role-playing a patient) were shown to two groups of expert informants who were then asked by the researcher to comment on the strengths and weaknesses of each performance. A qualitative analysis revealed that the nature of expert feedback differed significantly at each site, with the routinely occurring feedback containing scant and vague reference to language and communication aspects. The workshop setting, although it was less authentic, yielded much richer insights into the physiotherapists’ views about workplace communication. The implications of our findings for the development of relevant language test criteria are considered.
The collapse of neoliberal capitalism: Causes and cures: A review article
Authors: Kriesler Peter , Nevile JW 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThese books, different in style and content but united in purpose and major conclusions, analyse events from 2007 to 2010 to ascertain why the economic disaster happened and what must be done to put the United States economy (on which both books focus) on a more secure footing, and prevent any recurrence of the extended crisis of those years. Both target the increasing influence of market liberalism over the last 30 years, and the institutions of capitalist economies which they have encouraged. Taylor focuses more on the regulation of the international financial sector, and Palley on labour market policy. They agree that both need to be addressed if the United States economy is to be restored to health. Both argue that growing income inequality in the US must be reversed before the US economy can significantly improve. Finally, they stress the interrelationship between political ideology and economic explanation, and argue that value free positive economics is a myth.
Mycobacterium peregrinum Skin Infection
Authors: Wachholz Patrick Alexander , Sette Christiane Salgado , Caitano do Nascimento Dejair , Soares Cleverson Teixeira , Diório Suzana Madeira , Masuda Paula Yoshiko 
Published: December 2015

Background: Mycobacterium peregrinum is a rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM) that rarely causes skin infections. The correct identification of the specific RGM infecting the skin will enhance therapeutic success. Objective: To highlight the importance of rapid and precise identification of the Mycobacterium involved in skin infections in order to enhance therapeutic success. Methods: We describe an RGM skin infection in an immunocompetent patient. Results: Classic methods (biochemical tests and culture) of RGM identification are time-consuming, and the histopathological features are not specific. Some molecular methods are reliable but expensive. The PRAhsp-65 is a simple procedure that is helpful in identifying the specific agent of an RGM. Conclusion: Although skin infections caused by M peregrinum are rare, they represent a substantial clinical challenge. Specific and more effective treatment options depend on the development of precise and rapid methods for identifying mycobacterial species.
Glenoidectomy for treatment of a comminuted scapular fracture in a cat
Authors: Preston Timothy J , Hosgood Giselle 
Published: December 2015

Case summary This case report describes the surgical technique used and clinical outcome of a 15-year-old neutered female cat that had a comminuted fracture of the right glenoid and scapular neck secondary to a gunshot injury that was treated with glenoidectomy. Relevance and novel information Good clinical outcomes are possible with removal of the glenoid for treatment of comminuted fractures of the scapulohumeral joint. Glenoidectomy is a viable alternative to amputation in cats with normal neurovascular supply to the affected limb. Persistent functional, pain-free lameness, muscle hypertrophy and changes in shoulder range of motion are to be expected.
Effect of lenalidomide treatment on clonal architecture of myelodysplastic syndromes without 5q deletion
Authors: Chesnais Virginie , Renneville Aline , Toma Andrea , Lambert Jérôme , Passet Marie , Dumont Florent , Chevret Sylvie , Lejeune Julie , Raimbault Anna , Stamatoullas Aspasia , Rose Christian , Beyne-Rauzy Odile , Delaunay Jacques , Solary Eric , Fenaux Pierre , Dreyfus François , Preudhomme Claude , Kosmider Olivier , Fontenay Michaela 
Published: December 2015

Key Points
Lenalidomide treatment has variable transient effects on the clonal architecture of myelodysplastic syndromes without 5q deletion. Lenalidomide is unlikely to eradicate myelodysplastic clones characterized by combinations of SF3B1, TET2, DNMT3A, and ASXL1 mutations.
Panobinostat plus bortezomib and dexamethasone in previously treated multiple myeloma: outcomes by prior treatment
Authors: Richardson Paul G. , Hungria Vânia T. M. , Yoon Sung-Soo , Beksac Meral , Dimopoulos Meletios Athanasios , Elghandour Ashraf , Jedrzejczak Wieslaw W. , Guenther Andreas , Nakorn Thanyaphong Na , Siritanaratkul Noppadol , Schlossman Robert L. , Hou Jian , Moreau Philippe , Lonial Sagar , Lee Jae Hoon , Einsele Hermann , Sopala Monika , Bengoudifa Bourras-Rezki , Corrado Claudia , Binlich Florence , San-Miguel Jesús F. 
Published: December 2015

Key Points
Benefit from panobinostat-dexamethasone-bortezomib was greatest in patients who received ≥2 prior regimens including bortezomib and IMiDs.