bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal variation in subtidal molluscan diversity amongst temperate estuarine habitats
Authors: Davis Tom R. , Harasti David , Kelaher Brendan , Smith Stephen D. A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEffective management of marine ecosystems is enhanced when detailed information on biodiversity is available. Key information to underpin management actions and conservation planning includes relationships between species assemblages and environmental gradients, and information on species distributions. We conducted a subtidal biodiversity assessment of surface‐dwelling subtidal molluscs in eight a priori defined habitat types using underwater visual censuses to quantitatively explore relationships between molluscan assemblages, and their correlation with benthic habitats and abiotic variables. In addition, variations in diversity were examined for two key habitat types (areas dominated by Dendronephthya australis and by filter feeders) over a period of 15 months to examine temporal change. We found that molluscs form distinct assemblages within subtidal habitats, but that assemblages within key habitats show inherent temporal variability. Regional (gamma) diversity of molluscs was found to result from a combination of: (i) within habitat alpha diversity, which increased with habitat complexity; (ii) between habitat beta diversity, with significant differences in molluscan assemblages amongst habitats with differing benthic growth, substrate type, and depth; and (iii) temporal beta diversity, with significant changes detected in molluscan assemblages over time. The results demonstrate how habitats and abiotic variables (principally depth and substrate type) combine to contribute to molluscan biodiversity in temperate estuaries, and illustrate the value of these factors as surrogates for surface‐dwelling subtidal molluscs in conservation planning.
Intrinsic incompatibilities evolving as a by‐product of divergent ecological selection: Considering them in empirical studies on divergence with gene flow
Authors: Kulmuni J. , Westram A. M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe possibility of intrinsic barriers to gene flow is often neglected in empirical research on local adaptation and speciation with gene flow, for example when interpreting patterns observed in genome scans. However, we draw attention to the fact that, even with gene flow, divergent ecological selection may generate intrinsic barriers involving both ecologically selected and other interacting loci. Mechanistically, the link between the two types of barriers may be generated by genes that have multiple functions (i.e., pleiotropy), and/or by gene interaction networks. Because most genes function in complex networks, and their evolution is not independent of other genes, changes evolving in response to ecological selection can generate intrinsic barriers as a by‐product. A crucial question is to what extent such by‐product barriers contribute to divergence and speciation—that is whether they stably reduce gene flow. We discuss under which conditions by‐product barriers may increase isolation. However, we also highlight that, depending on the conditions (e.g., the amount of gene flow and the strength of selection acting on the intrinsic vs. the ecological barrier component), the intrinsic incompatibility may actually destabilize barriers to gene flow. In practice, intrinsic barriers generated as a by‐product of divergent ecological selection may generate peaks in genome scans that cannot easily be interpreted. We argue that empirical studies on divergence with gene flow should consider the possibility of both ecological and intrinsic barriers. Future progress will likely come from work combining population genomic studies, experiments quantifying fitness and molecular studies on protein function and interactions.
COP1 conveys warm temperature information to hypocotyl thermomorphogenesis
Authors: Park Young‐Joon , Lee Hyo‐Jun , Ha Jun‐Ho , Kim Jae Young , Park Chung‐Mo 
Published: April 2017

Summary

Plants adjust their architecture to optimize growth and reproductive success under changing climates. Hypocotyl elongation is a pivotal morphogenic trait that is profoundly influenced by light and temperature conditions. While hypocotyl photomorphogenesis has been well characterized at the molecular level, molecular mechanisms underlying hypocotyl thermomorphogenesis remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) conveys warm temperature signals to hypocotyl thermomorphogenesis.

To investigate the roles of COP1 and its target ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) during hypocotyl thermomorphogenesis, we employed Arabidopsis mutants that are defective in their genes. Transgenic plants overexpressing the genes were also produced. We examined hypocotyl growth and thermoresponsive turnover rate of HY5 protein at warm temperatures under both light and dark conditions.

Elevated temperatures trigger the nuclear import of COP1, thereby alleviating the suppression of hypocotyl growth by HY5. While the thermal induction of hypocotyl growth is circadian‐gated, the degradation of HY5 by COP1 is uncoupled from light responses and timing information.

We propose that thermal activation of COP1 enables coincidence between warm temperature signaling and circadian rhythms, which allows plants to gate hypocotyl thermomorphogenesis at the most profitable time at warm temperatures.
Clinical Characteristics of Fibromyalgia in a Chronic Pain Population
Authors: Gostine Mark , Davis Fred , Roberts Bradley A. , Risko Rebecca , Asmus Michael , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Sadosky Alesia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare fibromyalgia (FM) characteristics among patients identified in a community‐based chronic pain cohort based on traditional International Classification of Diagnoses 9th revision (ICD‐9) diagnostic coding, with that of patients identified using a novel predictive model.MethodsThis retrospective study used data collected from July 1999 to February 17, 2015, in multiple chronic pain clinics in the United States. Patients were assigned to the FM case group based on specific inclusion criteria using ICD‐9 codes or, separately, from results of a novel FM predictive model that was developed using random forest and logistic regression techniques. Propensity scoring (1:1) matched FM patients (cases) to nonmalignant chronic pain patients without FM (controls). Patient‐reported measures (eg, pain, fatigue, quality of sleep) and clinical characteristics (ie, comorbidities, procedures, and regions of pain) were outcomes for analysis.ResultsNine ICD‐9 clinical modification diagnoses had odds ratios with large effect sizes (Cohen's d > 0.8), demonstrating the magnitude of the difference between the FM and matched non‐FM cohorts: chronic pain syndrome, latex allergy, muscle spasm, fasciitis, cervicalgia, thoracic pain, shoulder pain, arthritis, and cervical disorders (all P < 0.0001). Six diagnoses were found to have a moderate effect size (Cohen's 0.5 < d > 0.8): cystitis, cervical degeneration, anxiety, joint pain, lumbago, and cervical radiculitis.ConclusionsThe identification of multiple comorbidities, diagnoses, and musculoskeletal procedures that were significantly associated with FM may facilitate differentiation of FM patients from other conditions characterized by chronic widespread pain. Predictive modeling may enhance identification of FM patients who may otherwise go undiagnosed.
Cardiac function and cognition in older community‐dwelling cardiac patients
Authors: Eggermont Laura H.P. , Aly Mohamed F.A. , Vuijk Pieter J. , de Boer Karin , Kamp Otto , van Rossum Albert C. , Scherder Erik J.A. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundCognitive deficits have been reported in older cardiac patients. An underlying mechanism for these findings may be reduced cardiac function. The relationship between cardiac function as represented by different echocardiographic measures and different cognitive function domains in older cardiac patients remains unknown.MethodsAn older (≥70 years) heterogeneous group of 117 community‐dwelling cardiac patients under medical supervision by a cardiologist underwent thorough echocardiographic assessment including left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac index, left atrial volume index, left ventricular mass index, left ventricular diastolic function, and valvular calcification. During a home visit, a neuropsychological assessment was performed within 7.1 ± 3.8 months after echocardiographic assessment; the neuropsychological assessment included three subtests of a word‐learning test (encoding, recall, recognition) to examine one memory function domain and three executive function tests, including digit span backwards, Trail Making Test B minus A, and the Stroop colour–word test.ResultsRegression analyses showed no significant linear or quadratic associations between any of the echocardiographic functions and the cognitive function measures.ConclusionsNone of the echocardiographic measures as representative of cardiac function was correlated with memory or executive function in this group of community‐dwelling older cardiac patients. These findings contrast with those of previous studies.
The Measurement of Capital: Retrieving Initial Values from Panel Data
Authors: Chen Xi , Plotnikova Tatiana 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA common problem with micro‐level analysis is that capital stock data is missing. Typically, a feasible measure of capital is calculated by accumulating investment flows from an initial value of the capital stock. As the time dimension of most disaggregated data is rather short, the choice of this initial value can have significant effects on the resulting capital estimates. Most empirical studies impute the initial value using a single arbitrary proxy. In this paper, we propose a panel data framework that assigns weighting coefficients to multiple proxy variables. We conduct a series of Monte Carlo experiments to test the performance of the proposed method and apply the method to a U.S. manufacturing dataset. The results suggest that our method improves the approximation of the capital stock and thus in turn reduces the bias in the production function estimation.
Early autumn soil disturbance decreases persistence of volunteer summer‐annual oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
Authors: Geddes C M , Gulden R H 
Published: April 2017

SummaryVolunteer summer‐annual oilseed rape (sOSR; Brassica napus) is an ongoing concern in Canadian crop production. Large harvest seed losses and secondary dormancy in this species generate a persistent volunteer seedbank. Yield loss in subsequent crops, potential sOSR oil profile contamination and herbicide‐resistance trait introgression create a need for effective sOSR seedbank management. This field study evaluated the effects of timing and type of implement of post‐harvest soil disturbance and seeding a winter cereal on volunteer sOSR population persistence and demographic life‐stage transition rates at five locations in Manitoba, Canada. Following sOSR harvest and supplemental seed rain, seedbank densities ranged from 6770 to 15360 and 50 to 2610 seeds m−2 among sites in autumn and spring respectively. In contrast to European research on winter‐annual oilseed rape, early autumn soil disturbance, shortly after sOSR harvest, was the best strategy to decrease volunteer sOSR persistence (3% population persistence from autumn to spring, compared with 6% in zero tillage). Substantial autumn seedling recruitment (38% of the autumn seedbank) and subsequent winterkill contributed to lower population persistence. Soil disturbance in spring stimulated spring seedling recruitment compared with other disturbance timings (11% and 3% of the spring seedbank, respectively). The implement used for soil disturbance and seeding winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) had minimal effect on population persistence. This research showed that timing of post‐harvest soil disturbance should be utilised as an effective tactic to decrease population persistence of volunteer sOSR via stimulation of autumn seedling recruitment and concomitant winterkill.
Prayer Determination toward Employees Performance
Authors: Wibisono Chablullah 
Published: April 2017

Prayer is a consequence for person who belief to God as their duty by performing in five times a day. Those are dawn Dzuhur, Ashar, Maghrib and sobs Prayer is the pillars of Muslim, “whoever does the direction, they has heighten their religion, whoever leave means has moved down theirs. Prayer will bring positive impact to performance of human if there is good process that followed and done constantly. According to Rais (1998:60) a good way in Prayer could give good charity to Muslims itself while if not, so the charity for them must be not well. Although more Muslim people come to mosque, it doesn’t show that in society they do not do disavowal. Like have been stated by Rais (1998: 60) the answer is “because the soul of Prayer didn’t life in its person”. They might do Prayer practically and routine but don’t draw it in their daily life.Allah SWT asks Muslims to give to the poor and sick of human living in this world. It is called as zakat. like in this quote “….give zakat and give loan to Allah a goodly loan, and whatever good you send before you yourself” (Q.S.Al Muzammil: 20). This letter is not without meaning, the writer thought that there is a significant relationship in causality between prayer and zakat. Based on this theory someone who do Prayer frequently will give maximum in doing Zakat. Here, the writer can say that this Muslim categorize as success person economically. Isn’t the fac t? . In empirical way the writer can see that the social community whose actively do Prayer cannot be portrayed the same, it means that not all of them represent the positive performance. Hence, the writer interested to this topic about does prayer bring positive influence toward employee performance or conversely?The results of structural equation modelling analysis show that Prayer is directly influence on work performance with negative value. It can be indicated by a coefficient -1.35 with the probability for 0.00. it can be inferred that there is negative influence when the motivation to do Prayer are high the performance will be low. This effect isn’t relevant with the theory which stated the number of praying, Prayer and Fasting can be as much higher motivation toward the quality of performance. Those potentiality is divine asset that should be managed well in establishing the charity (Tasmara, 1995: 77). God. Give his blessing to all human with those potentialities in order to make consciousness about how pray can bring big influence to the performance. Hopefully, this article are functioned as well as finding the heighten of employee performance with Prayer suitable with Muslim studies as whole.
Susceptibility Testing of Common and Uncommon Aspergillus Species against Posaconazole and Other Mold-Active Antifungal Azoles Using the Sensititre Method
Authors: Mello Enrica , Posteraro Brunella , Vella Antonietta , De Carolis Elena , Torelli Riccardo , D'Inzeo Tiziana , Verweij Paul E. , Sanguinetti Maurizio 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

We tested 59 common and 27 uncommon
Aspergillus
species isolates for susceptibility to the mold-active azole antifungal agents itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole using the Sensititre method. The overall essential agreement with the CLSI reference method was 96.5% for itraconazole and posaconazole and was 100% for voriconazole. By the Sensititre method as well as the CLSI reference method, all of 10
A. fumigatus
isolates with a
cyp51
mutant genotype were classified as being non-wild-type isolates (MIC > epidemiological cutoff value [ECV]) with respect to triazole susceptibility.
Potential Toxicity of Polymyxins in Human Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ahmed Maizbha U. , Velkov Tony , Lin Yu-Wei , Yun Bo , Nowell Cameron J. , Zhou Fanfan , Zhou Qi Tony , Chan Kim , Azad Mohammad A. K. , Li Jian 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Inhaled polymyxins are of considerable utility in achieving optimal exposure in the respiratory tract for the treatment of lung infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Current inhaled polymyxin therapy is empirical, and often large doses are used that may lead to potential pulmonary adverse effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of polymyxins on human lung epithelial (A549) cells. The viability of A549 cells was examined after treatment with polymyxins by flow cytometry. Activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9, expression of Fas ligand (FasL), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial oxidative stress induced by polymyxin B were evaluated. The concentration of polymyxin B required to induce 50% of maximal cell death was 1.74 mM (95% confidence interval, 1.60 to 1.90 mM). Colistin was at least 2-fold less toxic than polymyxin B, while colistimethate was nontoxic. With 2.0 mM polymyxin B, 30.6% ± 11.5% (mean ± standard deviation) of the cells were apoptotic at 8 h and this increased to 71.3% ± 3.72% at 24 h. Concentration- and time-dependent activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9 was evident, while the activation of caspase 9 was more dramatic. Furthermore, polymyxin B caused concentration- and time-dependent FasL expression, production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. This is the first study to demonstrate that both extrinsic death receptor and intrinsic mitochondrial pathways are involved in polymyxin-induced toxicity in A549 cells. This knowledge base is critical for the development of novel strategies for the safe and effective inhalation therapy of polymyxins against Gram-negative “superbugs.”
Weaker lower extremity muscle strength predicts traumatic knee injury in youth female but not male athletes
Authors: Ryman Augustsson Sofia , Ageberg Eva 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThe role of lower extremity (LE) muscle strength for predicting traumatic knee injury in youth athletes is largely unknown.AimsThe aim was to investigate the influence of LE muscle strength on traumatic knee injury in youth female and male athletes.Methods225 athletes (40% females) from sport senior high schools in Sweden were included in this case–control study. The athletes recorded any traumatic knee injury that had occurred during their high-school period in a web-based injury form. A one repetition maximum (1RM) barbell squat test was used to measure LE muscle strength. The 1RM was dichotomised to analyse ‘weak’ versus ‘strong’ athletes according to the median (weakmedianvs strongmedian).Results63 traumatic knee injuries, including 18 ACL injuries, were registered. The majority of injured female athletes were in the weak group compared with the strong group (p=0.0001). The odds of sustaining a traumatic knee injury and an ACL injury was 9.5 times higher and 7 times higher, respectively, in the weakmediangroup compared with the strongmediangroup in females (p ≤0.011). A relative 1RM squat ≤1.05 kg (105% of bodyweight) was established as the best cut-off value to distinguish high versus low risk of injury in female athletes. No strength–injury relationships were observed for the male athletes (p ≥0.348).ConclusionsWeaker LE muscle strength predicted traumatic knee injury in youth female athletes, but not in males. This suggests that LE muscle strength should be included in injury screening in youth female athletes.
A Squalene-Based Nanomedicine for Oral Treatment of Colon Cancer
Authors: Kotelevets Larissa , Chastre Eric , Caron Joachim , Mougin Julie , Bastian Gerard , Pineau Alain , Walker Francine , Lehy Therese , Desmaële Didier , Couvreur Patrick 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Nanotechnology offers many possibilities to improve drug treatments, including with regard to drug pharmacology. The current study reports a simple approach to improve cisplatin efficacy in the treatment of colon cancer through the creation of orally administered squalenoylated nanoparticles loaded with cisplatin (SQ-CDDP NP). Cytotoxic effects of SQ-CDDP NP were assessed in human colonic cells and in mouse models of intestinal cancer. In cell culture, SQ-CDDP NP exhibited at least 10-fold greater cytotoxic potency compared with uncomplexed cisplatin, reflecting an enhancement in intracellular accumulation and DNA platination. Mechanistic investigations showed that SQ-CDDP NP stimulated ROS production, expression of heavy metal–inducible and stress-inducible genes, stress kinase cascades, and apoptosis. In ApcMin/+ mice, a model of intestinal tumorigenesis, oral administration of SQ-CDDP NP curtailed spontaneous tumor formation and azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis with no apparent evidence of tissue toxicity. Our results offer preclinical validation of a nanocarrier formulation that can safely improve chemotherapeutic efficacy, address risks of drug resistance, and improve patient compliance by enabling oral administration. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2964–75. ©2017 AACR.
SFK/FAK Signaling Attenuates Osimertinib Efficacy in Both Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Models of EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer
Authors: Ichihara Eiki , Westover David , Meador Catherine B. , Yan Yingjun , Bauer Joshua A. , Lu Pengcheng , Ye Fei , Kulick Amanda , de Stanchina Elisa , McEwen Robert , Ladanyi Marc , Cross Darren , Pao William , Lovly Christine M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Mutant-selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), such as osimertinib, are active agents for the treatment of EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Specifically, these agents can overcome the effects of the T790M mutation, which mediates resistance to first- and second-generation EGFR TKI, and recent clinical trials have documented their efficacy in patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Despite promising results, therapeutic efficacy is limited by the development of acquired resistance. Here we report that Src family kinases (SFK) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) sustain AKT and MAPK pathway signaling under continuous EGFR inhibition in osimertinib-sensitive cells. Inhibiting either the MAPK pathway or the AKT pathway enhanced the effects of osimertinib. Combined SFK/FAK inhibition exhibited the most potent effects on growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis, and delay of acquired resistance. SFK family member YES1 was amplified in osimertinib-resistant EGFR-mutant tumor cells, the effects of which were overcome by combined treatment with osimertinib and SFK inhibitors. In conclusion, our data suggest that the concomitant inhibition of both SFK/FAK and EGFR may be a promising therapeutic strategy for EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2990–3000. ©2017 AACR.