bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Parallel SLA-Based Algorithm for Global Mesoscale Eddy Identification
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Chen Ge , Sun Miao , Liu Shuai , Tian Fenglin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper proposes a new algorithm for parallel identification of mesoscale eddies from global satellite altimetry data. By simplifying the recognition process and the sea level anomaly (SLA) contours’ search range, the method improves identification efficiency compared with the previous SSH-based method even in the single-threaded process. The global SLA map is divided into several regions. These regions are identified simultaneously with a new SSH-based method. All the eddy identification results of these regions are merged seamlessly into a global eddy map. A β-plane approximation is used to calculate the geostrophic speed in the equatorial band. Compared with the computation complexity of the previous SSH-based method, which is , the computation complexity of the new method is , where K is the number of threads and L is the number of regional SLA maps. When applying the new method to the global SLA map, the computation is ~100 times faster than the previous SSH-based method on an average computer. The new method characterizes an eddy structure by radius, amplitude, eddy core, closed SLA contour, and closed SLA contour with maximum average geostrophic speed. In situ data and another global eddy dataset are applied to validate the reliability of eddies detected by the new algorithm. Global eddy mean properties, variability, and the geographical distribution of both datasets are analyzed to demonstrate the performance of this new method and to help understand eddy activities on a global scale.
On the Initiation of an Isolated Heavy-Rain-Producing Storm near the Central Urban Area of Beijing Metropolitan Region
Authors: Li Huiqi , Cui Xiaopeng , Zhang Da-Lin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
An isolated heavy-rain-producing thunderstorm was unexpectedly initiated in the afternoon of 9 August 2011 near the central urban area of the Beijing metropolitan region (BMR), which occurred at some distance from BMR’s northwestern mountains and two preexisting mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) to the west and north, respectively. An observational analysis shows the presence of unfavorable quasigeostrophic conditions but a favorable regional environment for the convective initiation (CI) of thunderstorms. A nested-grid cloud-resolving model simulation of the case with the finest 1.333-km resolution is performed to examine the CI of the thunderstorm and its subsequent growth. Results reveal that the growth of the mixed boundary layer, enhanced by the urban heat island (UHI) effects, accounts for the formation of a thin layer of clouds at the boundary layer top at the CI site and nearby locations as well as on the upslope sides of the mountains. It takes about 36 min for the latent-heating-driven updraft to penetrate through a 1-km “lid” layer above before the formation of the thunderstorm. However, this storm may not take place without sustained low-level convergence of a prevailing southerly flow with a northerly flow ahead of a cold outflow boundary associated with the northern MCS. The latter is driven by the latent heating of the shallow layer of clouds during the earlier CI stage and then a cold mesohigh underneath the northern MCS. This study indicates the important roles of the urban effects, mountain morphology, and convectively generated pressure perturbations in determining the CI location and timing of isolated thunderstorms during the summer months.
Composite Environments of Severe and Nonsevere High-Shear, Low-CAPE Convective Events
Authors: Sherburn Keith D. , Parker Matthew D. , King Jessica R. , Lackmann Gary M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Severe convection occurring in environments characterized by large amounts of vertical wind shear and limited instability (high-shear, low-CAPE, or “HSLC,” environments) represents a considerable forecasting and nowcasting challenge. Of particular concern, NWS products associated with HSLC convection have low probability of detection and high false alarm rates. Past studies of HSLC convection have examined features associated with single cases; the present work, through composites of numerous cases, illustrates the attributes of “typical” HSLC severe and nonsevere events and identifies features that discriminate between the two. HSLC severe events across the eastern United States typically occur in moist boundary layers within the warm sector or along the cold front of a strong surface cyclone, while those in the western United States have drier boundary layers and more typically occur in the vicinity of a surface triple point or in an upslope regime. The mean HSLC severe event is shown to exhibit stronger forcing for ascent at all levels than its nonsevere counterpart. The majority of EF1 or greater HSLC tornadoes are shown to occur in the southeastern United States, so this region is subjected to the most detailed statistical analysis. Beyond the documented forecasting skill of environmental lapse rates and low-level shear vector magnitude, it is shown that a proxy for the release of potential instability further enhances skill when attempting to identify potentially severe HSLC events. This enhancement is likely associated with the local, in situ CAPE generation provided by this mechanism. Modified forecast parameters including this proxy show considerably improved spatial focusing of the forecast severe threat when compared to existing metrics.
Long non-coding RNA H19 regulates FOXM1 expression by competitively binding endogenous miR-342-3p in gallbladder cancer
Authors: Wang Shou-Hua , Ma Fei , Tang Zhao-hui , Wu Xiao-Cai , Cai Qiang , Zhang Ming-Di , Weng Ming-Zhe , Zhou Di , Wang Jian-Dong , Quan Zhi-Wei 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 has been reported to involve in many kinds of human cancers and functions as an oncogene. Our previous study found that H19 was over-expressed in gallbladder cancer (GBC) and was shown to promote tumor development in GBC. However, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network involving H19 in GBC progression has not been fully elucidated. We aim to detect the role of H19 as a ceRNA in GBC.

Methods and Results
In this study, the expression of H19 and miR-342-3p were analyzed in 35 GBC tissues and matched normal tissues by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We demonstrated H19 was overexpressed and negatively correlated with miR-342-3p in GBC. By dual-luciferase reporter assays, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays, we verified that H19 was identified as a direct target of miR-342-3p. QRT-PCR and Western-blotting assays demonstrated that H19 silencing down-regulated, whereas over-expression enhanced the expression of miR-342-3p targeting FOXM1 through competitively ‘sponging’ miR-342-3p. Furthermore, transwell invasion assays and cell cycle assays indicated that H19 knockdown inhibited both cells invasion and proliferation, but this effects was attenuated by co-transfection of siRNA-H19 and miR-342-3p inhibitor in GBC cells. In vivo, tumor volumes were decreased significantly in H19 silenced group compared to the control group, but was attenuated by co-transfection of shRNA-H19 and miR-342-3p inhibitor, which were stablely constructed through lenti-virus vector.

Conclusion
Our results suggest a potential ceRNA regulatory network involving H19 regulates FOXM1 expression by competitively binding endogenous miR-342-3p in GBC. This mechanism may contribute to a better understanding of GBC pathogenesis and provides potential therapeutic strategy for GBC.
Suicide and the economic situation in Europe: are we experiencing the development of a ‘reverse stigma’?
Authors: Fountoulakis Konstantinos N. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe prevailing picture in both the scientific literature and mass media is that the increase in unemployment acts as a generic risk factor on the entire population and increases the rate of suicide, suggesting that the socioeconomic environment is the determining factor and measures to improve it are the most suitable in the struggle to reduce the number of suicides. As a result, ‘horizontal’ actions targeting the general population are proposed rather than ‘vertical’ actions that target specific vulnerable groups. This is not only a mistake but it also constitutes a kind of ‘reverse’ stigma which deprives mental health patients of their right to receive special and targeted benefits, interventions and care, and deprives mental healthcare of valuable resources.
Has DSM-5 saved PTSD from itself?
Authors: Rosen Gerald M. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIn 2007, Robert Spitzer considered validity challenges to the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a construct that originated when he was Chair of DSM-III. Spitzer suggested changes for DSM-5, then in its planning stages, for the purpose of ‘Saving PTSD from itself’. With years gone by, it can be asked if DSM-5 followed Spitzer's recommendations to advance our understanding of posttraumatic disorder.
The futility of risk prediction in psychiatry
Authors: Mulder Roger , Newton-Howes Giles , Coid Jeremy W. 
Published: October 2016

SummarySignificant efforts have been made to identify risk factors associated with suicide. However, the evidence suggests that risk categorisation may be of limited value, or worse, potentially harmful, confusing clinical thinking. We argue instead for a shift in focus towards real engagement with the individual patient, their specific problems and circumstances.
An acute in-patient psychiatric service for 16- to 17-year-old adolescents in the UK: a descriptive evaluation
Authors: Duddu Venu , Rhouma Abdulhakim , Qureshi Masood , Chaudhry Imran Bashir , Drake Terry , Sumra Altaf , Husain Nusrat 
Published: October 2016

Aims and methodThe need for an age-appropriate in-patient service for 16- to 17-year-olds led to the development of a 6-bed acute admissions unit in a non-metropolitan county in the UK. We provide a descriptive evaluation of the first 2 years of its operation. All admissions from April 2010 to March 2012 were reviewed, clinical details systematically recorded and descriptively analysed.ResultsNinety-seven young people were admitted during this period (a third were compulsorily detained under the Mental Health Act 1983). The average length of stay was 3–4 weeks. The most common presenting complaints were self-harm and low mood, usually in the context of life events and childhood adversity. Nearly half had substance misuse and other risk-taking behaviours. A third presented with psychotic symptoms. Adjustment and anxiety disorders were most common, followed by alcohol/substance use disorders, depressive illnesses and psychotic illnesses. Comorbidity was the rule rather than the exception. Most patients improved by the time of discharge.Clinical implicationsThe unit provides an accessible and effective age-appropriate service and is likely to constitute an important component of the comprehensive child and adolescent mental health service strategy in the county.
Screening for depression in primary care: a Rasch analysis of the PHQ-9
Authors: Horton Mike , Perry Amanda E. 
Published: October 2016

Aims and methodTo explore the modern psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), we used the Rasch analysis in a sample of 767 primary care patients with depression.ResultsThe analysis highlighted dependency issues between items 1 and 2 (‘Little interest or pleasure in doing things’ and ‘Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless’), and items 3 and 4 (‘Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much’ and ‘Feeling tired or having little energy’). Items 1 and 2 displayed an over-discrimination, suggesting their potential redundancy within the complete item set.Clinical implicationsIn its current format the PHQ-9 displays some problems with regard to its measurement structure among a sample of primary care patients. These problems can be addressed by removing potentially redundant items to deliver a stable screening tool. The results also lend support for the PHQ-2 to be used as a screening tool in a primary care setting.
Women in acute psychiatric units, their characteristics and needs: a review
Authors: Archer Michaela , Lau Yasmine , Sethi Faisil 
Published: October 2016

Aims and methodRecent policy guidelines published by the Department of Health highlight the need to develop gender-sensitive psychiatric services. However, very little is currently known about the specific characteristics and needs of female patients entering acute psychiatric wards, particularly psychiatric intensive care units. This article aims to review the current literature on what is known about this group of patients. PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO were systematically searched using a number of key terms.ResultsA total of 27 articles were obtained. The findings were divided into four categories: admission characteristics, treatment needs, risk management and outcomes after discharge. Gender differences were found in diagnosis and presentation.Clinical implicationsThe differences observed in the reviewed studies suggest that women may have different assessment and treatment needs, and ultimately, different philosophies of care. A dearth of studies in this area indicates that if services are to develop in line with government policies, more research is needed.
Compliance of community teams with specialist service recommendations for obsessive–compulsive and body dysmorphic disorders
Authors: Harris Paul M. , Drummond Lynne M. 
Published: October 2016

Aims and methodTo examine how often referring community mental health teams (CMHTs) utilised treatment recommendations made by the national highly specialised service for patients with severe obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). We analysed all patient notes for admissions to the unit (August 2012–August 2014) and recorded how many treatment recommendations were implemented by CMHTs prior to admission and at 6 months post-discharge.ResultsOverall, 66% of our recommendations were met by CMHTs prior to admission and 74% after discharge. Most recommendations concerned medication and the continued need for care coordination by the CMHT.Clinical implicationsA significant proportion of patients in our audit did not receive optimum treatment in the community as recommended by our service. As highly specialised services are a limited resource and these patients have not responded to previous treatment, this has implications for the use of such resources.
Role of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in a rat model of testicular torsion
Authors: Ufuk Furkan , Herek Duygu , Herek Özkan , Akbulut Metin 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the detection of different degrees of testicular torsion (TT) at the 8th hour and testicular salvageability at the 24th hour of torsion.

Methods:
31 rats were randomly classified into 4 groups. In Group 1 (sham-control group), the left testicle was kept outside and replaced. Left testicles were kept outside and twisted 360° in Group 2, 720° in Group 3 and 1080° in Group 4. Later, DWI was performed at 8th and 24th hours. After DWI, bilateral radical orchiectomy and histopathological examination were performed. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were obtained with b-factors of 0 and 800 s mm−2. Comparisons of ADC values and damage in testicles were performed with Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results:
Sensitivity of DWI in the diagnosis of TT was 12.5% for 360° torsion, 100% for 720° torsion and 1080° torsion at the 8th hour of torsion. Mean ADC values of the left testicles increased significantly at the 24th hour of torsion in Groups 3 and 4. All testicles in Groups 3 and 4 were observed to be irrecoverable on histopathological examination.

Conclusion:
Increased ADC values in the affected testicle may represent irreversible tissue damage. So, immediate surgery is not required at this stage, which may reduce morbidity and mortality caused by immediate surgery and anaesthesia.

Advances in knowledge:
TT can be diagnosed easily by DWI without administrating any contrast material. DWI findings in the affected testicle may represent testicular salvageability.
LEGISLAÇÃO E CONTROLE DE QUALIDADE DE MEDICAMENTOS FITOTERÁPICOS NOS PAÍSES DO MERCOSUL
Authors: Cechinel-Zanchett Camile Cecconi 
Published: October 2016

O objetivo desse trabalho foi levantar dados sobre medicamentos fitoterápicos nos países do Mercosul, tais como principais plantas comercializadas e sistemas biológicos com maior prevalência, controle sanitário, dados de mercado e principais aspectos relacionados às legislações. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de análise documental, sendo uma revisão de literatura em todos os tipos de produção em português, inglês e espanhol (livros, dissertações, teses, documentos, legislações, artigos). O Brasil, maior país do Mercosul. apresentou a maior quantidade de regulamentações sobre o controle sanitário e de qualidade de medicamentos fitoterápicose Os medicamentos fitoterápicos mais comercializados no país têm ação no sistema nervoso central (n=6) e sistema respiratório (n=6), com 32%, e no sistema gastrointestinal, com 26% (n=5), e a maioria, 63% (n=12), é formulada com extrato seco. Na Argentina e no Paraguai, a maior parte tem ação no sistema gastrointestinal, com 38% (n=16) e 50% (n=7), respectivamente. É destacada a escassez de estudos e legislações principalmente no Paraguai, Uruguai e Venezuela. E foi possível concluir que o controle da qualidade é regido por órgãos regulamentadores, porém, no Uruguai, medicamentos fitoterápicos são enquadrados como medicamentos em geral, e na Venezuela, como produtos naturais. A falta de resoluções específicas, com exceção do Brasil e Argentina, para nortear as etapas de produção e controle de medicamentos fitoterápicos, dificulta o processo de descobertas de novos agentes bioativos que venham a se tornar medicamentos fitoterápicos.
Early Forms of Metaethical Constructivism in John Dewey's Pragmatism
Authors: Dostie Proulx Pierre-Luc 
Published: October 2016

This paper demonstrates the innovative character of the approach to metaethics underlying John Dewey’s pragmatism. Dewey's theory of evaluation is contrasted with one of the most dominant contemporary metaethical theses: constructivism. I show that the insistence placed by metaethical constructivists on the actor’s practical point of view, on the rejection of the subjective preferences model, and on a specific form of ethical antirealism and naturalism echoes some of the most crucial claims made by Dewey. This argumentation leads to my main hypothesis: an analysis of Dewey's conception of evaluation allows us to highlight the groundbreaking character of its metaethical approach—an approach that will be characterized as fairly constructivist.
Structural features of bone marrow
Authors: Romaniuk Anatolii , Lyndina Yuliia , Sikora Vladyslav , Lyndin Mykola , Karpenko Ludmyla , Gladchenko Oksana , Masalitin Igor 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This article is devoted to the investigation of the structural features of the bone marrow of mature rats.

Materials and methods
The investigation of the structural features of the bone marrow was performed on the femurs of the mature male rats. General structure of the organ was studied with hematoxylin–eosin and Van Gieson staining of samples. Certain features of the bone marrow structure were studied using immunohistochemical method (CD3, CD79α, S100, myeloperoxidase, and cyclin D1).

Results
We can state that stromal–parenchymal structure is typical for the bone marrow of rats as for any other organ. The stromal component is presented with bone tissue (48.8 ± 3.3% at epiphyses), the net of blood vessels (18.7 ± 2.1%), fat tissue (11 ± 2%), fibrous tissue (0.7 ± 0.2%), and the network of reticular fibers. Hematopoietic tissue covers 20.9 ± 3.7% at the femoral epiphyses and 69.6 ± 2.2% at diaphysis. Among these tissues, myelopoiesis occupies 74.2 ± 4.7%, erythropoiesis – 24.3 ± 4.7%, and lymphopoiesis – less than 5%. Megalokaryocytes take 0.1–0.3%.

Conclusion
Considering the lack of significant anatomical, morphological, and histological differences of red bone marrow of rats and humans, we can state that hematopoiesis in rats takes place on the basis of the same principles as in humans, although it has certain mechanisms.
SEBARAN DAN HUBUNGAN PARAMETER REPRODUKSI IKAN TUNA MADIDIHANG (Thunnus albacares) DENGAN SUHU DAN KLOROFIL-a DI LAUT BANDA
Authors: Wagiyo Karsono , Suman Ali , Patria Mufti Petala 
Published: October 2016

Laut Banda diketahui mempunyai kondisi lingkungan yangmendukung sebagai daerah pemijahan ikan tuna madidihang (Thunnus albacares). Sebaran parameter reproduksi dan hubungannya dengan lingkungan perlu diketahui sebagai dasar pengelolaan sumberdaya yang lestari. Penelitian dilakukan tahun 2011-2012 dengan basis pendataan di Bandaneira. Pengamatan parameter reproduksi dilakukan terhadap ikan sampel melalui observasi dan enumerasi. Suhu dan klorofil-a diperoleh = dari analisis citra satelit. Penelitian mendapatkan persentase gonad matang (100 %) dan indeks kematangan gonad tertinggi (3,75) serta nisbah kelamin seimbang, secara temporal ditemukan pada bulan antara September-Desember, secara spasial ditemukan di Perairan Gunung Api dan Selatan Kepulauan Lease. Tingkat kematangan gonad dan indeks kematangan gonad meningkat terjadi pada saat suhu mulai menghangat dan klorofil-a mulai menurun. Tingkat kematangan gonad dan indeks kematangan gonad menurun terjadi pada saat awal penurunan suhu dan awal kenaikan klorofil-a.Besides known as the Banda Sea region yellowfin tuna migration (Thunnus albacares) is also a spawning area. Distribution of Reproduction parameter and their relationship with environmental parameter should be known as the basis for sustainable resource management. The reproduction parameter obtaianed by observation and enumeration. Temperature and chlorophyll-a obtained by satellite image analysis. Research gets a high percentage of the gonads mature (100%) and gonad maturity index (3,75) and a balanced sex ratio, temporally be found in the September-December, spatially found in the waters of Pulau Gunung Api and Lease Islands. The maturity level of gonads and gonadal maturation index increases occurred when the temperatures begin to warm and chlorophyll-a start to decline. The maturity level of gonads and gonadal maturation index decreases occurred at the beginning of the early drop in temperature and increase in chlorophyll-a.
Los diversos efectos de las helmintiasis sobre la inflamación alérgica
Authors: Caraballo Luis 
Published: October 2016

<p>Las helmintiasis y las alergias son muy frecuentes en países del trópico, donde establecen múltiples interacciones. Los mecanismos de defensa contra estos parásitos son bastante parecidos a la respuesta inmunológica de tipo alérgico, principalmente porque ambos procesos tienen una importante participación de los anticuerpos tipo inmunoglobulina E (IgE). Pero también hay diferencias importantes, siendo una de ellas el grado de inmunomodulación, el cual es débil en la respuesta alérgica y fuerte en la antihelmíntica. Este tema tiene repercusiones en medicina porque algunas helmintiasis como la ascariasis (producida por Ascaris lumbricoides), son capaces de modificar el curso de las enfermedades alérgicas, en ocasiones disminuyendo su intensidad, por lo cual se ha propuesto que una de las razones del incremento de las alergias en el mundo es la disminución progresiva de las infecciones por helmintos. En esta revisión analizaremos varios de los efectos de las helmintiasis sobre la respuesta inmunológica alérgica y especularemos sobre su influencia en las tendencias internacionales de incremento de los problemas inflamatorios de origen inmunológico. © Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. 2016</p>