bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of EX-PRESS Shunt and Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin-C in Congenital and Juvenile Glaucoma
Authors: Nash David L. , Crouch Eric R. , Crouch Earl R. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
To compare efficacy and safety of EX-PRESS mini glaucoma shunt (Alcon) and trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C (MMC) in the management of pediatric glaucoma.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively reviewed patients from a single pediatric ophthalmology practice with either congenital or juvenile glaucoma who underwent surgical treatment with either trabeculectomy or EX-PRESS shunt insertion with MMC. Postoperative intraocular pressure at 6, 18, and 36 months, medication requirements, visual acuities, postoperative interventions, complications, and noncompliance with medications or follow-up was reviewed.

Results:
A total of 42 cases of glaucoma with either trabeculectomy or EX-PRESS shunt were identified for review (n trabeculectomy=25, n EX-PRESS=17). At 6 months, 62.5% of trabeculectomies and 94.1% of EX-PRESS shunts met criteria for success (P=0.0281). At 18 months, 38.1% of trabeculectomies and 81.3% of EX-PRESS shunts met criteria for success (P=0.0178). At 36 months, trabeculectomies had a success rate of 33.3% versus 66.7% for EX-PRESS shunts (P=0.321). The average decrease in medications postoperatively was 0.375 and 1.63 for trabeculectomy and EX-PRESS shunt, respectively (P=0.06). Preoperative visual acuities compared with postoperative best-corrected visual acuities before additional surgery demonstrated a slight average worsening of 0.11 logMAR in trabeculectomy patients and an average improvement of 0.56 logMAR in EX-PRESS shunt patients (P=0.0037).

Conclusions:
In this review, patients with pediatric glaucoma managed with EX-PRESS shunt with MMC compared with trabeculectomy with MMC appear to have better intraocular pressure control, better visual acuities, and fewer complications and reoperations.
Repeated intensified infliximab induction – results from an 11-year prospective study of ulcerative colitis using a novel treatment algorithm
Authors: Johnsen Kay-Martin , Goll Rasmus , Hansen Vegard , Olsen Trine , Rismo Renathe , Heitmann Richard , Gundersen Mona D. , Kvamme Jan M. , Paulssen Eyvind J. , Kileng Hege , Johnsen Knut , Florholmen Jon 
Published: October 2016

Background
Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents play a pivotal role in the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC), and yet, no international consensus on when to discontinue therapy exists.

Objective
The aim of this study is to study the long-term performance of a treatment algorithm of repeated intensified induction therapy with infliximab (IFX) to remission, followed by discontinuation in patients with UC.

Patients and methods
Patients with moderate to severe UC were enroled in an open prospective study design. The following algorithm was implemented: (a) intensified induction treatment to remission (Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index score 0–2); (b) discontinuation of IFX; and (c) reinduction treatment if relapse. Mucosal gene expression for TNF was measured with qPCR.

Results
A total of 116 patients were included. The median observation time was 47 and 51 months in intention to treat and per protocol. Remission rates of the first three inductions were 95, 93 and 91% per protocol and 83, 56 and 59% by intention to treat. The median time in remission was 40 months per protocol and 34 months by intention to treat. Long-term remission without further anti-TNF treatment during the observation period was obtained for 41%, with a median observation time of 48 months (range: 18–129 months). The median time to relapse was 33 and 11 months with/without normalization of mucosal TNF, respectively. The 5-year success rate for maintaining the effect of IFX in the algorithm was 66%.

Conclusion
The treatment algorithm is highly effective for achieving long-term clinical remission in UC. Normalization of mucosal TNF gene expression predicts long-term remission upon discontinuation of IFX.
Evidence of cryptic incidence in childhood diseases
Authors: Gunning Christian E. , Ferrari Matthew J. , Erhardt Erik , Wearing Helen J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPersistence and extinction are key processes in infectious disease dynamics that, due to incomplete reporting, are seldom directly observable. For fully-immunizing diseases, reporting probabilities can be readily estimated from demographic records and case reports. Yet reporting probabilities are not sufficient to unambiguously reconstruct disease incidence from case reports. Here, we focus on disease presence (i.e., marginal probability of non-zero incidence), which provides an upper bound on the marginal probability of disease extinction. We examine measles and pertussis in pre-vaccine era U.S. cities, and describe a conserved scaling relationship between population size, reporting probability, and observed presence (i.e., non-zero case reports). We use this relationship to estimate disease presence given perfect reporting, and define cryptic presence as the difference between estimated and observed presence. We estimate that, in early 20thcentury U.S. cities, pertussis presence was higher than measles presence across a range of population sizes, and that cryptic presence was common in small cities with imperfect reporting. While the methods employed here are specific to fully-immunizing diseases, our results suggest that cryptic incidence deserves careful attention, particularly in diseases with low case counts, poor reporting, and longer infectious periods.
Commentary: BRAIN NETWORKS. Correlated gene expression supports synchronous activity in brain networks. Science348, 1241-4
Authors: Pantazatos Spiro P. , Li Xinyi 
Published: October 2016

SummaryA recent report claims that functional brain networks defined with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be recapitulated with correlated gene expression (i.e. high within-network tissue-tissue “strength fraction”, SF) (Richiardi et al., 2015). However, the authors do not adequately control for spatial proximity. We replicated their main analysis, performed a more effective adjustment for spatial proximity, and tested whether “null networks” (i.e. clusters with center coordinates randomly placed throughout cortex) also exhibit high SF. Removing proximal tissue-tissue correlations by Euclidean distance, as opposed to removing correlations within arbitrary tissue labels as in (Richiardi et al., 2015), reduces within-network SF to no greater than null. Moreover, randomly placed clusters also have significantly high SF, indicating that high within-network SF is entirely attributable to proximity and is unrelated to functional brain networks defined by resting-state fMRI. We discuss why additional validations in the original article are invalid and/or misleading and suggest future directions.
School human capital and teacher salary policies
Authors: Hanushek Eric A. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider how the level and structure of teacher salaries affect student outcomes and the possibility of improving student achievement in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
– The analysis integrates an underlying economic model of the role of salaries in the teacher labor market with existing empirical results.

Findings
– Much of the current policy discussion about teacher salaries is very unclear about how student outcomes will be affected by changing policies. The US is at a “bad equilibrium” where it cannot increase salaries for effective teachers without increasing salaries for ineffective teachers and thus it is stuck with a teaching corps that is harming both students and the future economic performance of the country. Dealing with problems of the productivity of schools must involve altering the structure of the single salary schedule for teachers.

Research limitations/implications
– The discussion focusses exclusively on the US schooling system, although there are obvious parallels to systems in other countries.

Practical implications
– The paper provides an overarching model of how the structure of salaries for teachers has broad implications of school outcomes.

Social implications
– Improved long-run economic outcomes depend crucially on reforms that involve rewarding the most effective teachers but not the least effective.

Originality/value
– The integrated approach to the consideration of teacher salaries provides a way of assessing the discordant policy discussions related to teacher salaries.
GSG1L regulates the strength of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission but not AMPA receptor kinetics in hippocampal dentate granule neurons
Authors: Mao Xia , Gu Xinglong , Lu Wei 
Published: October 2016

GSG1L is an AMPA receptor (AMPAR) auxiliary subunit that regulates AMPAR trafficking and function in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. However, its physiological roles in other types of neurons remain to be characterized. Here, we investigated the role of GSG1L in hippocampal dentate granule cells and found that GSG1L is important for the regulation of synaptic strength but is not critical for the modulation of AMPAR deactivation and desensitization kinetics. These data demonstrate a neuronal type-specific role of GSG1L and suggest that physiological function of AMPAR auxiliary subunits may vary in different types of neurons. NEW & NOTEWORTHY GSG1L is a newly identified AMPA receptor (AMPAR) auxiliary subunit and plays a unique role in the regulation of AMPAR trafficking and function in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. However, its role in the regulation of AMPARs in hippocampal dentate granule cells remains to be characterized. The current work reveals that GSG1L regulates strength of AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission but not the receptor kinetic properties in hippocampal dentate granule neurons.
Video-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Education for High-Risk Families Before Hospital Discharge
Authors: Blewer Audrey L. , Putt Mary E. , Becker Lance B. , Riegel Barbara J. , Li Jiaqi , Leary Marion , Shea Judy A. , Kirkpatrick James N. , Berg Robert A. , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Groeneveld Peter W. , Abella Benjamin S. 
Published: October 2016

Background—
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training rates in the United States are low, highlighting the need to develop CPR educational approaches that are simpler, with broader dissemination potential. The minimum training required to ensure long-term skill retention remains poorly characterized. We compared CPR skill retention among laypersons randomized to training with video-only (VO; no manikin) with those trained with a video self-instruction kit (VSI; with manikin). We hypothesized that VO training would be noninferior to the VSI approach with respect to chest compression (CC) rate.

Methods and Results—
We performed a prospective, cluster randomized trial of CPR education for family members of patients with high-risk cardiac conditions on hospital cardiac units, using a multicenter pragmatic design. Eight hospitals were randomized to offer either VO or VSI training before discharge using volunteer trainers. CPR skills were assessed 6 months post training. Mean CC rate among those trained with VO compared with those trained with VSI was assessed with a noninferiority margin set at 8 CC per min; as a secondary outcome, mean differences in CC depth were assessed. From February 2012 to May 2015, 1464 subjects were enrolled and 522 subjects completed a skills assessment. The mean CC rates were 87.7 (VO) CC per min and 89.3 (VSI) CC per min; we concluded noninferiority for VO based on a mean difference of −1.6 (90% confidence interval, −5.2 to 2.1). The mean CC depth was 40.2 mm (VO) and 45.8 mm (VSI) with a mean difference of −5.6 (95% confidence interval, −7.6 to −3.7). Results were similar after multivariate regression adjustment.

Conclusions—
In this large, prospective trial of CPR skill retention, VO training yielded a noninferior difference in CC rate compared with VSI training. CC depth was greater in the VSI group. These findings suggest a potential trade-off in efforts for broad dissemination of basic CPR skills; VO training might allow for greater scalability and dissemination, but with a potential reduction in CC depth.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01514656.
Soft-bottom crustacean species from Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea, Turkey, with a new alien decapod
Authors: Doğan Alper , Bakir Kerem , Kirkim Fevzi̇ , Katağan Tuncer 
Published: October 2016

The soft-bottom crustacean fauna from Izmir Bay was studied semi-annually between September 2014 and April 2016. Benthic samples were collected by means of a Van Veen grab, sampling ca. 0.1 m2 area, at 4 stations in the inner (3 stations) and middle (a single station) parts of the bay. Forty-one species and 999 individuals belonging to seven crustacean orders (Sessilia, Mysida, Amphipoda, Cumacea, Tanaidacea, Isopoda, Decapoda) were identified. Amphipoda were represented with the highest number of species (21 species) followed by Isopoda (7) and Decapoda (6). Among the species encountered, Phtisica marina was the most dominant species with an average 90.6 individuals (27.22% of the total number of individuals) while Iphinoe douniae was the most frequent species (occurring in 50% of the samples). Eurycarcinus integrifrons De Man, 1879 is an alien decapod herein reported for the first time from the Aegean Sea.
Survival Outcomes for Combined Modality Therapy for Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma
Authors: Kuo Phoebe , Manes R. Peter , Schwam Zachary G. , Judson Benjamin L. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveSinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Multi‐institutional studies examining outcomes of combined modality treatment versus other treatment modalities have not been performed. The objective of our study was to present outcomes for multimodality therapy through use of the National Cancer Database.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingNational Cancer Database.MethodsA total of 435 cases of SNUC diagnosed between 2004 and 2012 were identified. Kaplan‐Meier analyses were performed to find 5‐year cumulative survival rates. Multivariate Cox regression evaluated overall survival based on treatment when adjusting for other prognostic factors (age, primary site, sex, race, comorbidity, insurance, and TNM stage). Within the surgery + chemoradiotherapy group, survival analysis was also performed to compare outcomes for induction and adjuvant chemotherapy.ResultsThe cumulative 5‐year survival rate was 41.5%, and 36.1% of patients received surgery with chemoradiotherapy. In multivariate analysis, surgery + chemoradiotherapy was associated with significantly improved overall survival versus surgery + radiotherapy and radiotherapy but not significantly different from chemoradiotherapy. Within the surgery + chemoradiotherapy group, induction and adjuvant chemotherapy groups did not have associated differences in survival.ConclusionCombined modality therapy (chemoradiotherapy or surgery + chemoradiotherapy) is associated with improved survival outcomes versus other treatment modalities in patients with sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma.
The prevalence of fatigue after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cumming Toby B , Packer Marcie , Kramer Sharon F , English Coralie 
Published: October 2016

Background Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom after stroke. The last decade has seen rapid expansion of the research literature on post-stroke fatigue, but prevalence remains unclear. Aims To estimate post-stroke fatigue prevalence and to identify the contributing factors to fatigue, by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Summary of review We included all studies of adult stroke survivors that used a recognized assessment scale for fatigue (search date September 2014). Two reviewers independently reviewed all full texts for inclusion. Data were extracted by one reviewer and independently cross-checked by a second. Risk of bias was evaluated using a critical appraisal tool. From an overall yield of 921 studies, 101 full text papers were screened, and 49 of these met inclusion criteria. The most widely used measure of fatigue was the Fatigue Severity Scale ( n = 24 studies). Prevalence estimates at a cut-off score of > or ≥ 4 were available for 22 of these 24 studies (total n = 3491), and ranged from 25 to 85%. In random effects meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence estimate was 50% (95% CI 43–57%), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 94%). Neither depression status nor time point post-stroke explained the heterogeneity between studies. In post-hoc analysis, fatigue prevalence was found to be lower in the four Asian studies (35%; 95% CI 20–50; I2 = 96%). Conclusions Our results confirm that fatigue is a widespread issue for stroke survivors, although it may be less prevalent in Asia. Further research is needed to explain the wide variability in prevalence estimates between studies.
No difference found in time to publication by statistical significance of trial results: a methodological review
Authors: Jefferson L , Fairhurst C , Cooper E , Hewitt C , Torgerson T , Cook L , Tharmanathan P , Cockayne S , Torgerson D 
Published: October 2016

Objective Time-lag from study completion to publication is a potential source of publication bias in randomised controlled trials. This study sought to update the evidence base by identifying the effect of the statistical significance of research findings on time to publication of trial results. Design Literature searches were carried out in four general medical journals from June 2013 to June 2014 inclusive ( BMJ, JAMA, the Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine). Setting Methodological review of four general medical journals. Participants Original research articles presenting the primary analyses from phase 2, 3 and 4 parallel-group randomised controlled trials were included. Main outcome measures Time from trial completion to publication. Results The median time from trial completion to publication was 431 days ( n = 208, interquartile range 278–618). A multivariable adjusted Cox model found no statistically significant difference in time to publication for trials reporting positive or negative results (hazard ratio: 0.86, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.16, p = 0.32). Conclusion In contrast to previous studies, this review did not demonstrate the presence of time-lag bias in time to publication. This may be a result of these articles being published in four high-impact general medical journals that may be more inclined to publish rapidly, whatever the findings. Further research is needed to explore the presence of time-lag bias in lower quality studies and lower impact journals.
Lipoxin A4promotes lung epithelial repair whilst inhibiting fibroblast proliferation
Authors: Zheng Shengxing , D'Souza Vijay K. , Bartis Domokos , Dancer Rachel C.A. , Parekh Dhruv , Naidu Babu , Gao-Smith Fang , Wang Qian , Jin Shengwei , Lian Qingquan , Thickett David R. 
Published: October 2016

Therapy that promotes epithelial repair whilst protecting against fibroproliferation is critical for restoring lung function in acute and chronic respiratory diseases.Primary human alveolar type II cells were used to model the effects of lipoxin A4in vitroupon wound repair, proliferation, apoptosis and transdifferention. Effects of lipoxin A4upon primary human lung fibroblast proliferation, collagen production, and myofibroblast differentiation were also assessed.Lipoxin A4promoted type II cell wound repair and proliferation, blocked the negative effects of soluble Fas ligand/tumour necrosis factor α upon cell proliferation, viability and apoptosis, and augmented the epithelial cell proliferative response to bronchoaveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In contrast, Lipoxin A4reduced fibroblast proliferation, collagen production and myofibroblast differentiation induced by transforming growth factor β and BALF from ARDS. The effects of Lipoxin A4were phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase dependent and mediatedviathe lipoxin A4receptor.Lipoxin A4appears to promote alveolar epithelial repair by stimulating epitheial cell wound repair, proliferation, reducing apoptosis and promoting trans-differentiation of alveolar type II cells into type I cells. Lipoxin A4reduces fibroblast proliferation, collagen production and myofibroblast differentiation. These data suggest that targeting lipoxin actions may be a therapeutic strategy for treating the resolution phase of ARDS.
In Vitro Activation: A Dip Into the Primordial Follicle Pool?
Authors: Yin Ophelia , Cayton Kamaria , Segars James H. 
Published: October 2016

Context:
A current limitation of assisted reproduction is the number of available female gametes. This Commentary discusses in vitro activation (IVA), a technique that activates dormant ovarian follicles so that these follicles can become mature oocytes for fertilization. There is considerable evidence that mechanical signaling plays an important role in oocyte maturation and survival; manipulation of the mechanical environment is a key component of the IVA process. IVA acts on existing follicles and does not promote neo-oogenesis, which likely contributes little to the primordial follicle pool in the adult.

Conclusions:
Several women with primary ovarian insufficiency who underwent the IVA procedure have achieved live births. IVA might also be applicable to women with pathological diminished ovarian reserve and those with physiological diminished reserve due to natural aging. Cancer patients with cryopreserved ovarian tissue also might benefit from IVA. Based on future studies, IVA could prove to be a revolutionary tool for assisted reproduction.
Association Between Perioperative Hyperglycemia or Glucose Variability and Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury After Liver Transplantation: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Yoo Seokha , Lee Ho-Jin , Lee Hannah , Ryu Ho-Geol 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND:
Glucose control can be difficult in the intraoperative and immediate postoperative period of liver transplantation. Hyperglycemia and glucose variability have been associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. We performed a retrospective study to test the hypothesis that perioperative glucose levels represented by time-weighted average glucose levels and glucose variability are independently associated with the incidence of postoperative AKI in patients undergoing liver transplantation.

METHODS:
On the basis of blood glucose levels during liver transplantation and the initial 48 hours postoperatively, adult liver transplant recipients were classified into 4 groups according to their time-weighted average glucose: normoglycemia (80–200 mg/dL), mild hyperglycemia (200–250 mg/dL), moderate hyperglycemia (250–300 mg/dL), and severe hyperglycemia (>300 mg/dL) group. Patients were also classified into quartiles depending on their glucose variability, defined as the standard deviation of glucose measurements. The primary outcome was postoperative AKI.

RESULTS:
AKI after liver transplantation was more common in the patients with greater perioperative glucose variability (first versus third quartile; OR, 2.47 [95%CI, 1.22–5.00], P = .012; first versus fourth quartile; OR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.05–4.42], P = .035).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study suggests that increased perioperative glucose variability, but not hyperglycemia, is independently associated with increased risk of postoperative AKI in liver transplantation recipients.