bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miro1-mediated mitochondrial positioning shapes intracellular energy gradients required for cell migration
Authors: Schuler Max-Hinderk , Lewandowska Agnieszka , Caprio Giuseppe Di , Skillern Wesley , Upadhyayula Srigokul , Kirchhausen Tom , Shaw Janet M. , Cunniff Brian 
Published: June 2017

It has long been postulated, although never directly demonstrated, that mitochondria are strategically positioned in the cytoplasm to meet local requirements for energy production. Here we show that positioning of mitochondria in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) determines the shape of intracellular energy gradients in living cells. Specifically, the ratio of ATP to ADP was highest at perinuclear areas of dense mitochondria and gradually decreased as more-peripheral sites were approached. Furthermore, the majority of mitochondria were positioned at the ventral surface of the cell, correlating with high ATP:ADP ratios close to the ventral membrane, which rapidly decreased toward the dorsal surface. We used cells deficient for the mitochondrial Rho-GTPase 1 (Miro1), an essential mediator of microtubule-based mitochondrial motility, to study how changes in mitochondrial positioning affect cytoplasmic energy distribution and cell migration, an energy-expensive process. The mitochondrial network in Miro1−/− MEFs was restricted to the perinuclear area, with few mitochondria present at the cell periphery. This change in mitochondrial distribution dramatically reduced the ratio of ATP to ADP at the cell cortex and disrupted events essential for cell movement, including actin dynamics, lamellipodia protrusion, and membrane ruffling. Cell adhesion status was also affected by changes in mitochondrial positioning; focal adhesion assembly and stability was decreased in Miro1−/−MEFs compared with Miro1+/+ MEFs. Consequently Miro1−/− MEFs migrated slower than control cells during both collective and single-cell migration. These data establish that Miro1-mediated mitochondrial positioning at the leading edge provides localized energy production that promotes cell migration by supporting membrane protrusion and focal adhesion stability.
Constipation in children
Authors: Ferrara Lucille R. , Saccomano Scott J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:
Deviation from normal bowel function in the pediatric population is often a cause for concern for parents and caregivers, prompting numerous visits to a primary care provider. Constipation is a common and challenging issue in children that can have an adverse impact on their psychosocial and emotional well-being as well as quality of life. This article provides practical strategies for diagnosing, treating, and preventing constipation in children.
Pelvic pain in transgender men taking testosterone
Authors: Harris Miles , Kondel Lauren , Dorsen Caroline 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:
Some guidelines on care for transgender men taking testosterone recommend oophorectomy to prevent ovarian cancer, while others recommend following guidelines for females. A review of the literature finds no strong evidence that transgender men are at increased risk for ovarian cancer. In transgender men taking testosterone without other risk factors, oophorectomy to prevent cancer is unnecessary.
Molecular aspects of allergens in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Campana Raffaela , Dzoro Sheron , Mittermann Irene , Fedenko Elena , Elisyutina Olga , Khaitov Musa , Karaulov Alexander , Valenta Rudolf 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
Molecular allergology uses pure, mainly recombinant and structurally defined allergen molecules and allergen-derived epitopes to study mechanisms of IgE-associated allergy, to diagnose, and even predict the development of allergic manifestations and to treat and prevent IgE-associated allergies. Atopic dermatitis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease is almost always associated with IgE sensitization to allergens. However, also non-IgE-mediated pathomechanisms seem to be operative in atopic dermatitis and it is often difficult to identify the disease-causing allergens. Here we review recent work showing the usefulness of molecular allergology to study mechanisms of atopic dermatitis, for diagnosis and eventually for treatment and prevention of atopic dermatitis.

Recent findings
IgE sensitization to airborne, food-derived, microbial allergens, and autoallergens has been found to be associated with atopic dermatitis. Using defined allergen molecules and non-IgE-reactive allergen derivatives, evidence could be provided for the existence of IgE- and non-IgE-mediated mechanisms of inflammation in atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, effects of epicutaneous allergen administration on systemic allergen-specific immune responses have been studied. Multi-allergen tests containing micro-arrayed allergen molecules have been shown to be useful for the identification of culprit allergens in atopic dermatitis and may improve the management of atopic dermatitis by allergen-specific immunotherapy, allergen avoidance, and IgE-targeting therapies in a personalized medicine approach.

Summary
Molecular allergology allows for dissection of the pathomechanisms of atopic dermatitis, provides new forms of allergy diagnosis for identification of disease-causing allergens, and opens the door to new forms of management by allergen-specific and T cells-targeting or IgE-targeting interventions in a personalized medicine approach.
Retention Rates in New Contact Lens Wearers
Authors: Sulley Anna , Young Graeme , Hunt Chris , McCready Sarah , Targett Marie-Therese , Craven Ruth 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To determine the retention rate (RR) for neophyte patients fitted with contact lenses (CLs) and to identify factors associated with retention and dropout.

Method:
This multisite, sponsor-masked registry study evaluated the 1-year status of neophyte CL wearers fitted in a representative range of UK practices. A total of 26 UK investigational sites each recruited up to 89 neophyte patients. The participants were requested to complete surveys at 1 month (±1 week from date of fitting), 3 months (±2 weeks), and 12 months (±3 weeks) online or through phone. Participants were contacted by email (or phone) and invited to complete an online survey that asked a range of questions regarding their CL wearing experience.

Results:
Of the 531 participants recruited, 65.3% (347/531) responded to at least one follow-up survey and 42.3% (225/531) responded to all three surveys. One in four patients showed discontinued CL wear by 12 months. Based on evaluable subjects at 12 months, the RR was 77.6% (194/250, 95% confidence interval: 72.0–82.3). The most common reason for discontinuation was problems with vision (41%), followed by discomfort (36%) and handling problems (25%). The factors affecting first-year RRs: sex, spherical refraction, lens usage (full time or part time), and supply method (collected or posted).

Conclusions:
In this prospective study, the first-year RR for neophyte CL wearers was 77.6%. This was consistent with that noted in a retrospective study: 74.0%. As with the previous study, the commonly cited reason for discontinuation was visual problems.
Eye Symptom Questionnaire to Evaluate Anterior Eye Health
Authors: Woodward Maria A. , Valikodath Nita G. , Newman-Casey Paula Anne , Niziol Leslie M. , Musch David C. , Lee Paul P. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives:
Ophthalmologists assess eye complaints with a careful history and eye examination; however, other types of physicians have limited tools to evaluate anterior segment (AS) eye diseases. We identified the eye symptom questions that providers should ask to help determine the presence and urgency of AS eye diseases.

Methods:
Persons with and without AS disease completed a self-report eye symptom questionnaire (ESQ) based on the National Institutes of Health Toolbox symptom items in an academic center's corneal and comprehensive eye clinics. Gold standard ophthalmic examination determined the presence and urgency of AS disease. The association between reported symptom severity and the probability of AS disease, or urgent AS disease, was evaluated using logistic regression models, and sensitivity and specificity of the ESQ were also calculated.

Results:
A total of 324 eyes of 162 subjects were included in the study. Of these, AS disease was present in 255 eyes (79%); of which, 111 eyes showed urgent disease. Increasing symptom severity for eye pain (odds ratio [OR]=2.58; P<0.001), glare (OR=2.61; P=0.001), and blurry vision (OR=1.98; P<0.001) were associated with increased odds of AS disease. Increasing symptom severity for eye pain (OR=2.02; P<0.001), eye redness (OR=1.69; P=0.02), and blurry vision (OR=1.41, P=0.01) were associated with increased odds of urgent AS disease. For the primary analysis with mild symptoms considered relevant, the sensitivity of the ESQ to detect AS disease was 83% and to detect urgent AS disease was 92%.

Conclusion:
Symptoms of eye pain, glare, redness, and blurry vision indicate the presence and urgency of AS disease.
Comparative Analysis of Peripheral Corneal Geometry in Health and Keratoconus
Authors: Mas-Aixala Enric , Gispets Joan , Lupón Núria , Cardona Genís 
Published: June 2017

Objectives:
To describe and compare corneal peripheral angles in normal and keratoconic eyes, to gain a better understanding of the topography of the periphery of the cornea in keratoconus and assist practitioners in the selection and fitting of large diameter contact lenses.

Methods:
Eighty-eight eyes were included in the study, divided into three groups: healthy (A0, 28 eyes), keratoconus at stage I according to the Amsler-Krumeich classification (AI, 33 eyes) and keratoconus at stages II to IV (AII, 27 eyes). The Pentacam Scheimpflug system was used to manually measure the corneal peripheral angles corresponding to a chord length range between 8.6 and 12.6 mm at 8 different peripheral locations.

Results:
The peripheral angle was influenced by ocular condition and by the peripheral location, with no interaction effect between both factors. Statistically significant differences were found in mean corneal peripheral angles between groups A0 (30.84°±2.33°) and AI (31.63°±2.02°) (P=0.001) and between A0 and AII (31.37°±2.11°) (P=0.030). The differences between AI and AII were not significant. In all eyes, the largest and smallest peripheral angles were found at the temporal inferior and temporal superior locations, respectively, with a mean difference between largest and smallest of 3.37°±1.42° in healthy eyes and 2.96°±1.54° in keratoconus (AI+AII).

Conclusion:
Clinically insignificant differences were found in peripheral angles between keratoconus and healthy eyes, giving support to the use of large diameter, intralimbal contact lenses with peripheral designs, and resting on the same corneal region, as those fitted on normal corneas.
Central Nervous System Varicella Zoster Virus Vasculopathy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients
Authors: Panichpisal Kessarin , Vongveeranonchai Nuttawan , Plengsombat Wassana , Janjua Nazli , Nugent Kenneth 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Central nervous system varicella zoster virus (CNS-VZV)–related vasculopathy can be severe and fatal. Delayed diagnosis impedes recovery. We reviewed case reports and case series in the literature. Fifty-five patients were identified. Forty patients (85%) had CD4 counts of less than 200 cells/μL. Eight patients (15%) had VZV vasculopathy secondary to CNS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). A quarter of the patients never had a history of VZV rash. Eighty-five percent of the reported angiographic studies were abnormal. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis was found in 58% (21/36). Eighty-six percent (24/28) of patients had VZV DNA in their CSF, and 71% of patients (12/17) had anti-VZV immunoglobulin G antibodies. Eighty-nine percent of the patients without CNS-IRIS who received acyclovir with corticosteroids had a good recovery. Only 30% of patients who received acyclovir alone had good outcomes. All CNS-IRIS patients except 1 had a good outcome whether they received corticosteroids. The mortality in patients without CNS-IRIS was 55%; it was 12% in CNS-IRIS patients. A history of VZV rash, abnormal vascular imaging, and CSF studies usually make the diagnosis of VZV vasculopathy in human immunodeficiency virus patients, but negative studies do not rule it out in some cases. A combination of acyclovir and corticosteroids seems to improve the outcome in patients without CNS-IRIS.
No to Pip-Tazo
Authors: Furukawa Daisuke , Graber Christopher J. 
Published: June 2017

Background
Overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) is common. The objective of this study is to identify inappropriate use of piperacillin-tazobactam in the setting of SSTIs to help enhance future stewardship efforts to promote guideline concordant treatments of SSTIs at our institution.

Methods
Pharmacy records of all piperacillin-tazobactam orders from October 2013 to June 2015 were retrospectively reviewed at a tertiary Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center. Empiric piperacillin-tazobactam use for patients admitted with SSTIs was identified and evaluated for inappropriateness according to infection type (diabetic foot infection, nonpurulent, purulent, surgical site infection) and severity (mild, moderate, severe) based on institutional and national guidelines.

Results
Piperacillin-tazobactam was ordered empirically in 212 SSTI episodes, 166 of which were started in the emergency department. One hundred fifty-two patients had piperacillin-tazobactam orders continued or started on admission; of these, only 40 uses (26.3%) were appropriate, with use in severe infection associated with the highest rate of appropriateness compared with moderate or mild infection (severe, 50.0%; moderate, 12.5%; mild, 15.3%; P < 0.01). When inappropriate, the median duration of piperacillin-tazobactam use was 2 days (interquartile range, 1–3 days). Among the 166 episodes in which piperacillin-tazobactam was started in the emergency department, admitting physicians made an appropriate decision to continue or discontinue piperacillin-tazobactam in 90 episodes (54.2%).

Conclusions
Most empiric piperacillin-tazobactam use for SSTIs is inappropriate at our institution and is thus a good target for future stewardship efforts.
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcal Meningitis, Disseminated Strongyloidiasis, and Hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Uyemura Trevor M. , Siegel Marc O. , Lucar Jose , Simon Gary L. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The role of immunoglobulins in control of strongyloidiasis has not been well appreciated. This case of disseminated strongyloidiasis with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium meningitis illustrates the critical role of immunoglobulins in preventing the Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome.
A Complete Guide on Crushing Tablets and/or Opening Capsules of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Medications
Authors: Patel Sonal , Spence James William , Veean Sohini , Gonzales-Zamora Jose , Vazquez Jose 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
There are limited data regarding the ability to crush tablets or open capsules for antiretroviral agents. This lack of data is problematic when encountering patients who cannot swallow these tablets or capsules, especially for patients who are mechanically ventilated. Furthermore, many antiretroviral agents do not have an oral or intravenous solution available. The authors address this issue by reviewing all commercially available antiretroviral agents to determine whether they could crush tablets or open capsules.
Sensitization of TRPV1 and TRPA1 via peripheral mGluR5 signaling contributes to thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity
Authors: Honda Kuniya , Shinoda Masamichi , Kondo Masahiro , Shimizu Kohei , Yonemoto Hisashi , Otsuki Katsuhiko , Akasaka Ryuta , Furukawa Akihiko , Iwata Koichi 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Peripheral tissue inflammation or injury causes glutamate release from nociceptive axons, keratinocytes, and Schwann cells, resulting in thermal hypersensitivity. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying glutamate-induced thermal hypersensitivity are unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify the involvement of peripheral transient receptor potential (TRP) TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) in glutamate-induced pain hypersensitivity. The amount of glutamate in the facial tissue was significantly increased 3 days after facial Complete Freund's adjuvant injection. The head-withdrawal reflex threshold to heat, cold, or mechanical stimulation was significantly decreased on day 7 after continuous glutamate or metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) agonist (CHPG) injection into the facial skin compared with vehicle-injected rats, and glutamate-induced hypersensitivity was significantly recovered by mGluR5 antagonist MTEP, TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031, TRPV1 antagonist SB366791, or PKCε translocation inhibitor administration into the facial skin. TRPV1 and TRPA1 were expressed in mGluR5-immunoreactive (IR) trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons innervating the facial skin, and mGluR5-IR TG neurons expressed PKCε. There was no significant difference in the number of GluR5-IR TG neurons among glutamate-injected, saline-injected, and naive rats, whereas that of TRPV1- or TRPA1-IR TG neurons was significantly increased 7 days after continuous glutamate injection into the facial skin compared with vehicle injection. PKCε phosphorylation in TG was significantly enhanced following glutamate injection into the facial skin. Moreover, neuronal activity of TG neurons was significantly increased following facial glutamate treatment. The present findings suggest that sensitization of TRPA1 and/or TRPV1 through mGluR5 signaling via PKCε is involved in facial thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity.
The Lifestyle Information and Intervention Preferences of Teenage and Young Adult Cancer Survivors
Authors: Pugh Gemma , Hough Rachael , Gravestock Helen , Haddrell Jessica B. , Beeken Rebecca J. , Fisher Abigail 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Little is currently known about how best to promote healthy lifestyle choices among teenage and young adult (TYA) cancer survivors. Such data gathered from a patient-centered perspective are instrumental for the development of health behavior change interventions for young people with cancer.

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the lifestyle information needs of TYA cancer survivors and their preferences regarding lifestyle information and intervention delivery. Lifestyle behaviors of interest were physical activity, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sun safety.

Methods:
A total of 13 TYA cancer survivors (mean age, 22.9 years) participated in 10 individual interviews and 1 focus group (n = 3). Each interview and focus group followed the same semistructured interview guide, which was designed to explore young peoples’ motivation behind leading a healthy lifestyle, their past experience of searching for lifestyle information, and their preferences relating to lifestyle information delivery.

Results:
Three core themes emerged: cancer as a catalyst to lifestyle behavior change, factors influencing health behavior change, and health behavior information preferences. Social support emerged as facilitator of both health behavior change and self-efficacy.

Conclusion:
Young people with cancer want age-appropriate lifestyle information on a range of topics delivered in multiple formats at various time points.

Implications for Practice:
Health professionals working with TYA cancer survivors should address young peoples’ lifestyle information needs throughout the cancer care pathway and support young people to foster the confidence to make, and sustain, positive lifestyle behavior changes.
Mycoplasma genitalium Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance: Prevalence and Risk Factors Among a 2013–2014 Cohort of Patients in Barcelona, Spain
Authors: Barberá María-Jesús , Fernández-Huerta Miguel , Jensen Jørgen-Skov , Caballero Estrella , Andreu Antonia 
Published: June 2017

Background
Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance is alarmingly emerging in M. genitalium worldwide. This article provides the first estimates of the current prevalence of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance–mediating mutations in Barcelona, Spain, and identifies risk factors associated with the acquisition of these resistances.

Methods
The study was conducted retrospectively with specimens submitted between February 2013 and March 2014 to the microbiology department of the Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, where M. genitalium was detected using nucleic acid amplification methods. DNA sequencing of 23S ribosomal RNA gene and parC was performed in the Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, to detect genotypic macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance markers, respectively.

Results
Macrolide resistance–mediating mutations were detected in 35% (95% confidence interval, 24%-47%) of the M. genitalium–positive episodes, whereas 8% (95% confidence interval, 3%-17%) carried fluoroquinolone resistance mutations. Of them, three cases harbored multidrug resistance to both classes of antibiotics. Men who had sex with men (P = 0.002) and treatment with azithromycin within the previous 12 months (P = 0.006) were strongly associated with macrolide resistance.

Conclusion
The widespread appearance of resistances, also in Spain, makes imperative the implementation of combined diagnostic-resistance detection assays for M. genitalium to facilitate the optimization of antibiotic treatment in the management of nongonococcal urethritis and potentially reduce the transmission of resistances.
Trends in Adult Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Prevalence, Incidence and Urethral Discharge Case Reporting in Morocco over 1995–2015—Estimates Using the Spectrum-Sexually Transmitted Infection Model
Authors: El-Kettani Amina , Mahiané Guy , Bennani Aziza , Abu-Raddad Laith , Smolak Alex , Rowley Jane , Nagelkerke Nico , El-Rhilani Houssine , Alami Kamal , Hançali Amina , Korenromp Eline 
Published: June 2017

Background
Evolving health priorities and resource constraints mean that countries require data on sexually transmitted infections (STI) trends to inform program planning and resource allocation.

Methods
The Spectrum modeling tool estimated prevalence and incidence of gonorrhea and chlamydia in Morocco's 15- to 49-year-old population, based on prevalence surveys. Incident cases, broken down between symptomatic and asymptomatic, and treated versus untreated, were compared with urethral discharge (UD) case reports, to estimate reporting completeness among treated UD cases.

Results
Gonorrhea prevalence was estimated at 0.37% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14–1.0%) in women and 0.32% (0.12–0.87%) in men in 2015; chlamydia prevalences were 3.8% (95% CI, 2.1–6.4%) and 3.0% (95% CI, 1.7–5.1%). Corresponding estimated numbers of new cases in women and men in 2015 were 79,598 (95% CI, 23,918–256,206) and 112,013 (95% CI, 28,700–307,433) for gonorrhea, and 291,908 (95% CI, 161,064–524,270) and 314,032 (95% CI, 186,076–559,133) for chlamydia. Gonorrhea and chlamydia prevalence had declined by an estimated 41% and 27%, respectively, over 1995 to 2015. Prevalence declines probably related to improved STI treatment coverage, and decreasing risk behaviors. Reporting completeness among treated UD cases was estimated at 46% to 77% in 2015. Reported UD cases corresponded to 13% of all estimated (symptomatic and asymptomatic) gonorrhea and chlamydia cases.

Conclusions
STI declines and improvements in treatment coverage are consistent with Morocco’s introduction of syndromic management in 2000, scale-up of prevention, and declining human immunodeficiency virus incidence. While gonorrhea is four-fold more common as cause of clinical UD cases than chlamydia, Morocco continues to suffer a large, untreated burden of chlamydia. Reliable monitoring of both STIs requires new periodic surveys and/or novel forms of affordable surveillance beyond high-risk populations.