bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing Electron‐Transfer and Ion‐Transfer Coupling Processes at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces with Pipette Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Haomin , Morris Celeste , Gu Chaoyue , Li Mingzhi , Baker Lane , Shao Yuanhua 
Published: July 2016

AbstractElectron‐transfer (ET) reactions at a liquid/liquid (L/L) interface have attracted much attention because they are relevant to many important chemical and biological processes. At an L/L interface, the ET reaction is usually coupled with an ion‐transfer (IT) reaction, and it is difficult to discriminate between them. Despite the great progress that has been made, the nature of the coupling is still unclear and the two proposed mechanisms have been the subject of much debate over the past several decades. Herein, the coupling reactions between ferrocene (Fc) in 1,2‐dichloroethane and [Fe(CN)6]3− in water are investigated in detail by using various types of pipette electrodes, and the two mechanisms are clarified with the help of salting‐out effects. It is demonstrated that the mechanism which dominates is dependent on the concentration ratio of the redox species in the two phases.
Aromaticity Relocation in Perylene Derivatives upon Two‐Electron Oxidation To Form Anthracene and Phenanthrene
Authors: Matsumoto Akinobu , Suzuki Mitsuharu , Hayashi Hironobu , Kuzuhara Daiki , Yuasa Junpei , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Aratani Naoki , Yamada Hiroko 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe prepared perylene dications 12+ and 22+ by using “capped” perylene derivatives, and for the first time, successfully obtained single crystals of a perylene dication 12+ that enabled us to perform its structural analysis. We realized that the substituted aryl groups on perylene control the positions of positive charges, thus the remaining electronic system satisfies Clar's sextet rule toward the highest number of localized sextets. Experimental and theoretical evidence proved that Clar's aromatic π‐sextet rule could be applied even for the dicationic perylenes in a very simple way.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed ortho‐Arylation of Aromatic Alcohols with a Readily Attachable and Cleavable Molecular Scaffold
Authors: Li Qiankun , Knight Brian J. , Ferreira Eric M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA palladium(II)‐catalyzed C−H arylation process of alcohols has been developed. The strategy utilizes a novel quinoline‐based hemiacetal scaffold that can direct the selective C−H bond functionalization. This reaction provides a useful method to construct biaryl compounds of benzyl alcohols in good to excellent yields. The new molecular scaffold can be readily attached, removed, and recovered.
On the Versatility of BH2X (X=F, Cl, Br, and I) Compounds as Halogen‐, Hydrogen‐, and Triel‐Bond Donors: An Ab Initio Study
Authors: Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this manuscript, the ability of BH2X compounds (X=F, Cl, Br, and I) to establish halogen‐, hydrogen‐, and triel‐bonding interactions was studied at the RI‐MP2/aug‐cc‐pVQZ level of theory. Several homodimers were taken into account, highlighting the versatility of these compounds to act as both electron donors and electron acceptors. Natural bond orbital analysis showed that orbital effects were important contributors to the global stabilization of the σ‐ and π‐hole bonded complexes studied. Finally, some X‐ray solid‐state structures retrieved from the Cambridge structural database were described to demonstrate the importance of these interactions involving boron derivatives in the solid state.
Patterns of natural fungal community assembly during initial decay of coniferous and broadleaf tree logs
Authors: van der Wal Annemieke , Klein Gunnewiek Paulien J. A. , Cornelissen J. Hans C. , Crowther Thomas W. , de Boer Wietse 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCommunity assembly processes do not only influence community structure, but can also affect ecosystem processes. To understand the effect of initial community development on ecosystem processes, we studied natural fungal community dynamics during initial wood decay. We hypothesize that fungal community assembly dynamics are driven by strong priority effects of early‐arriving species, which lead to predictable successional patterns and wood decay rates. Alternatively, equivalent colonization success of randomly arriving spores has the potential to drive stochastic community composition and wood decay rates over time. To test these competing hypotheses, we explored the changes in fungal community composition in logs of two tree species (one coniferous and one broadleaf) during the early stages of wood decomposition in a common garden approach. Initial communities were characterized by endophytic fungi, which were highly diverse and variable among logs. Over the first year of decomposition, there was little evidence for priority effects, as early colonizers displaced the endophytic species, and diversity fell as logs were dominated by a few fungal species. During this period, the composition of colonizing fungi was related to the decomposition rates of sapwood. During the second year of decomposition, fungal community composition shifted drastically and the successional dynamics varied considerably between tree species. Variation in fungal community composition among coniferous (Larix kaempferi) logs increased, and there remained no evidence for any priority effects as community composition became stochastic. In contrast, early colonizers still dominated many of the deciduous (Quercus rubra) logs, with a temporally consistent impact on community composition. For both tree species, wood decay rates levelled off and the relationship with fungal community composition disappeared. Our results indicate that priority effects are relatively minimal in naturally occurring fungal community assembly processes. Instead, fungal successional dynamics are governed predominantly by combative abilities of colonizing fungi, and factors that shape fungal communities over time can differ considerably between tree species. Our results indicate that an increased focus of competitive strength among species, rather than priority effects, may be key to predict community assembly and the ecosystem process they provide.
Interspecific associations in seed arrival and seedling recruitment in a Neotropical forest
Authors: Wright S. Joseph , Calderón Osvaldo , Hernandéz Andrés , Detto Matteo , Jansen Patrick A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractContagious seed dispersal refers to the tendency for some sites to receive many dispersed seeds while other sites receive few dispersed seeds. Contagious dispersal can lead to interspecific associations in seed arrival, and this in turn might lead to interspecific associations in seedling recruitment. We evaluate the extent of spatially contagious seed arrival, the frequency of positive interspecific associations in seed arrival, and their consequences for seedling recruitment at the community level in a tropical moist forest. We quantified seed arrival to 200 passive seed traps for 28 yr of weekly censuses and seedling recruitment to 600 1‐m2quadrats for 21 yr of annual censuses on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We assessed whether spatially contagious seed dispersal was more important among zoochorous species than among anemochorous species, increased in importance with similarity in fruiting times, and led to interspecific associations in seed arrival and seedling recruitment. We controlled adult seed source associations statistically to evaluate predicted relationships. We found that spatially contagious seed arrival was widespread among zoochorous species, but also occurred among anemochorous species when the strong, consistent trade winds were present. Significant interspecific associations in seed arrival were more likely for pairs of species with zoochorous seeds and similar fruiting times and persisted through seedling recruitment. Thus, interspecifically contagious seed dispersal affects local species composition and alters the mixture of interspecific interactions through the seed, germination, and early seedling stages in this forest. Future investigations should consider the implications of interspecific association at the regeneration stages documented here for later life stages and species coexistence.
Development of Reference Shunt for Short‐Time Alternating High Current Tests and Study of Measuring System
Authors: KIDA JUNZO , NAKAJIMA MASATOSHI , GODA YUTAKA , KIKUCHI KUNIO , KUDO KIETSU , ISHII HIROMI , MATSUI YOSHIHIKO , MATSUMURA TOSHIRO , KAWAMURA TATSUO 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYShort‐circuit tests for power circuit breakers and others require alternative short‐time current measurement, from a few kA to over several tens kA. However, the reference measurement system as a national standard or a specified secondary standard instrument to directly perform comparative test as a complete calibration test in high current class has not yet been established globally. The Japan Short‐Circuit Testing Committee (hereinafter referred to as “JSTC”) has therefore developed a shunt resistor that can be used as a standard instrument for high current measurement. Reference system using this shunt resistor is also considered by JSTC. The performance of the newly developed shunt resistor has been checked through several methods, such as resistance measurement, high power current test, high frequency current test, temperature rise test, and interference test. The results of the tests proved satisfactory performance. Resistance of the shunt resistor before and after the tests was invariant and stable. This makes the shunt resistor adequate for a reference in practical use. In addition, evaluation of uncertainty of the whole reference system including this shunt resistor satisfactorily fulfills the requirements of IEC 62475 edition 1.0, 2010.
Levitation Caused by the Vertical Vibration of a Piezoelectric Actuator
Authors: SONE SHORI , TORII AKIHIRO , MOTOTANI SUGURU , DOKI KAE 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYLevitation caused by the vertical vibration of a piezoelectric actuator is studied here. Levitation mechanisms levitate using a squeeze effect generated by the vertical vibration. The levitation mechanisms usually levitate at the resonance frequency. However, if the vibration amplitude of the piezoelectric actuator at the resonance frequency is small, the levitation mechanism does not levitate. Therefore, the vibration amplitude affects the levitation height of the mechanism. In this paper, we describe the applied voltage, the load current, the power consumption, and the phase difference between the voltage and current.
Assessment of bendopnea impact on decompensated heart failure
Authors: Baeza‐Trinidad Ramón , Mosquera‐Lozano Jose Daniel , El Bikri Laila 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimsWe have often found that patients with heart failure had shortness of breath when bending forward. The frequency of bendopnea in patients with decompensated heart failure (DHF), its repercussions on quality of life (QoL), and its prognosis have not yet been studied. This study was carried out to evaluate the characteristics, degree of limitation, and short‐term prognosis of patients with bendopnea and DHF.Methods and resultsWe conducted a study of 250 patients admitted with DHF. Bendopnea was considered when shortness of breath occurred within 30 s of bending forward. It was present in 122 patients (48.8%). The mean time of onset was 13.4 ± 6.9 s. Patients with bendopnea presented a higher frequency of orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, oliguria, oedema, elevated jugular venous pressure, abdominal fullness, and worse functional class (P < 0.001). An enlargement of both atria was more frequent in these patients (P < 0.001). Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was higher in the bendopnea group (P = 0.001). Body mass index and LVEF were not associated with presence of bendopnea. Subjective QoL limitation was present in 80.3% (36.1% mild, 44.2% moderate to severe limitation). Patients with bendopnea had a higher mortality rate (P = 0.025) and more advanced NYHA class (P < 0.001). Patients who died had a lower LVEF (P = 0.001), increased PASP (P = 0.08), and lower mean duration of shortness of breath than those who survived (P = 0.01).ConclusionBendopnea is related to advanced HF symptoms and it is associated with mortality in the short term and advanced NYHA functional class. This symptom produces moderate to severe limitation of QoL.
Electrochemical Biosensor Powered by Pre‐concentration: Improved Sensitivity and Selectivity towards Lactate
Authors: Karyakina E. E. , Lukhnovich A. V. , Yashina E. I. , Statkus M. A. , Tsisin G. I. , Karyakin A. A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report on the flow‐injection (FIA) electrochemical system coupling with ion‐exchange pre‐concentration column. The response of the FIA system is provided by the advanced lactate biosensor based on Prussian Blue as an electrocatalyst. The FIA system powered by pre‐concentration is characterized by improved selectivity avoiding influence of non‐anionic interfering compounds. The attractive performance characteristics of the system with pre‐concentration which are advantageous over conventional FIA combined with a similar biosensor are: (i) the 50 times improved sensitivity (7.0 A cm−2 M−1) and (ii) the calibration range shifted by almost two orders of magnitude towards lower analyte concentrations. The developed FIA system was tested for lactate detection in exhaled breath condensate samples collected from pulmonary patients and sportsmen.
An optimal combination of MCCB and CANTAB to assess functional capacity in older individuals with schizophrenia
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Mulsant Benoit H. , Tsoutsoulas Christopher , Ghazala Zaid , Voineskos Aristotle N. , Bowie Christopher R. , Rajji Tarek K. 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionCognitive deficits predict functional capacity in patients with schizophrenia including in late life. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) are widely used to assess cognition in this population. The aim of this study was to determine a minimal set of subtests across the two batteries that would be strongly associated with functional capacity in older patients with schizophrenia.MethodsSixty participants age 50 years or older with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 30 control participants were enrolled. Cognition was assessed using the MCCB and the CANTAB. Functional capacity was assessed using the USCD Performance‐based Skills Assessment (UPSA). Stepwise linear regressions were performed to determine the best set of cognitive tests associated with functional capacity.ResultsUPSA total score was negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with education and the MCCB global score. Most of the MCCB domains and subtests, and several of the CANTAB subtests correlated with UPSA total score. In the regression model, MCCB global score accounted for 42.5% of UPSA variance. In contrast, a combination of only four subtests (processing speed and verbal learning from the MCCB, and affective information processing and working memory from the CANTAB) accounted for 60% of UPSA variance.ConclusionsPerformance on MCCB and CANTAB is strongly associated with functional capacity in older patients with schizophrenia. A selective combination of MCCB and CANTAB subtests may be as effective in assessing functional capacity in late life schizophrenia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolutionary resilience and complex lagoon systems
Authors: Davoudi Simin , Zaucha Jacek , Brooks Elizabeth 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The present study applies an evolutionary resilience framework to complex socioecological systems in the coastal regions in Europe with a particular focus on lagoons. Despite their variations, lagoons share common challenges in achieving effective and sustainable ways of governing and managing economic, social, and environmental uncertainties. Our aim is to demonstrate that building resilience involves planning not only for recovery from shocks but also for cultivating preparedness and seeking potential transformative opportunities that emerge from change. The framework consists of 4 dimensions: persistence, adaptability, transformability, and preparedness. To illustrate how this 4-dimensional framework can be applied to the specific context of lagoons, we draw on examples of good and poor practices from the 10 lagoons studied as part of the ARCH project. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:711–718. © 2016 SETAC.
Prolonged Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Actions of a Pegylated Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) Peptide Fragment
Authors: Guo Jun , Khatri Ashok , Maeda Akira , Potts John T , Jüppner Harald , Gardella Thomas J 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) addition can prolong the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of a bioactive peptide in vivo, in part by impeding rates of glomerular filtration. For parathyroid hormone (PTH) peptides, pegylation could help in exploring the actions of the hormone in the kidney; e.g., in dissecting the relative roles that filtered versus blood-borne PTH play in regulating phosphate transport. It could also lead to potential alternate forms of treatment for hypoparathyroidism. We thus synthesized the fluorescent pegylated PTH derivative [Lys13(tetramethylrhodamine {TMR}), Cys35(PEG-20,000 Da)]PTH(1-35) (PEG-PTHTMR) and its non-pegylated counterpart [Lys13(TMR), Cys35]PTH(1-35) (PTHTMR) and assessed their properties in cells and in mice. In PTHR1-expressing HEK-293 cells, PEG-PTHTMR and PTHTMR exhibited similar potencies for inducing cAMP signaling, whereas when injected into mice, the pegylated analog persisted much longer in the circulation (&gt;24 hours versus ∼ 1 hour) and induced markedly more prolonged calcemic and phosphaturic responses than did the non-pegylated control. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of kidney sections obtained from the injected mice revealed much less PEG-PTHTMR than PTHTMR on the luminal brush-border surfaces of renal proximal tubule cells (PTCs), on which PTH regulates phosphate transporter function, whereas immunostained phosphorylated PKA substrate, a marker of cAMP signaling, was increased to similar extents for the two ligands and for each, was localized to the basolateral portion of the PTCs. Pegylation of a bioactive PTH peptide thus led to prolonged pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties in vivo, as well as to new in vivo data that support a prominent role for PTH action at basolateral surfaces of renal proximal tubule cells. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Bird community response to Marcellus shale gas development
Authors: Barton Ethan P. , Pabian Sarah E. , Brittingham Margaret C. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe Appalachian shale play, which includes the Marcellus shale formation, is an important source of natural gas and underlies much of the remaining large areas of extensive contiguous forest within the eastern United States, areas that are important breeding sites for forest songbirds. Shale gas development in contiguous forest creates large disturbances and causes habitat fragmentation; the landscape matrix remains characterized by stands of mature forest. We assessed the effects of shale gas development on counts of passerines and near‐ passerine birds within an extensively forested landscape. We surveyed birds within 2 broad forest types (northern hardwood and mixed oak) at increasing distances from 49 shale gas pads established within contiguous forest habitat. We compared counts of individual species and 3 vegetation‐association groups (forest interior, synanthropic, and early successional) in relation to distance from a pad edge, and we compared community composition with distance from a pad edge. Counts of individuals and species within the forest interior group increased with increasing distance from a pad edge; counts of individuals were approximately 4 times greater at 250 m than at 0 m and 3 times greater than at 50 m. Twelve of 15 species in the forest interior group increased with increasing distance from a pad edge with no species showing a declining trend. In contrast, counts of synanthropic (i.e., human‐associated) individuals and species were greatest at the pad edge and declined with distance to a pad edge. Counts of individuals at 250 m were 92% lower than at 0 m, and counts for 4 of the 5 individual species declined with increasing distance from a pad edge. Counts of individuals and species within the early successional habitat group were greater in oak (Quercusspp.) than in northern hardwood forests, and the response to a pad edge differed among species and between the 2 forest types. In northern hardwood stands, counts were greatest near the pad edge, whereas counts in oak stands showed no trend with distance to a pad edge. Overall, the combined avian community differed with distance from a pad edge. Our results suggest that synanthropic species, which are rare in core forest, are able to rapidly exploit new development‐associated habitat. Counts of forest interior specialists declined, suggesting the habitat is becoming less suitable for this group. Our results are an early indication that shale gas development in core forest can have negative consequences for forest songbird communities as synanthropic species, which tend to be habitat generalists with wide geographic ranges, replace forest specialists. Long‐term effects will depend on the scale and extent of shale gas development, emphasizing the need for proactive planning to minimize negative effects. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Wind energy, nest success, and post‐fledging survival ofButeohawks
Authors: Kolar Patrick S. , Bechard Marc J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTQuantifying the rate of turbine collision mortality for raptors has been the primary focus of research at wind energy projects in Europe and the United States. Breeding adults and fledglings may be especially prone to collisions, but few studies have assessed the consequences of increased mortality and indirect effects from this type of development activity on reproduction. We examined the influence of wind turbines and other factors on nest success and survival of radio‐marked juveniles during the post‐fledging period for 3 sympatric breedingButeospecies in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion (CPE), Oregon, USA. Nest success for ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis) decreased as the number of wind turbines within the home range buffer (32 km2) increased. There was no effect of turbines on nest success for red‐tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) or Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni). Of 60 nestlings radio‐marked from all 3 species, we found no evidence that any were killed as a result of collisions with wind turbines after fledging. This was likely due, in part, to the limited size of the natal home range and the relatively short duration of the post‐fledging period. However, juveniles of all 3 species hatched from nests in areas of greater turbine density were more likely to die from predation or starvation just after fledging and prior to becoming independent compared to those in areas of lower turbine density. Taken together, these results suggest that wind turbines affected reproductive efforts by all 3 species to some degree, but these effects were greater for ferruginous hawks compared to the other 2 congeneric species. The causes of this negative association are unknown but likely represent some combination of breeding adults being killed from turbine collisions, disturbed from activities associated with the increasing wind energy development in the area, or displaced from portions of their home range to minimize the risk of disturbance or death. The potential for these effects necessitate that planning of future wind energy facilities be considered at larger geographic scales beyond the placement of individual turbines to limit development near raptor breeding areas. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.