bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple, Cm-006 Timing Against Spotted Tentiform Leafminer, 1995
Authors: Reissig H. , Dunham D. H. , Smith C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sprays were applied dilute to runoff with a truck-mounted, high-pressure, handgun sprayer (450 psi) in ‘McIntosh’ apple trees ca. 2 m high at the Trickier farm. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design and replicated four times. A single spray of CM-006 was applied either at pink (12 May) or petal fall (1 Jun) to control the first generation of STLM. Vydate L was also applied at pink and Lannate LV was applied at petal fall as standard control treatments for first generation of STLM. Several different summer schedules of CM-006 were compared for control of the second generation of STLM: (1) a complete schedule applied during the peak of adult flight (29 Jun), followed by additional sprays on 12 and 22 Jul; (2) a single spray at peak flight (29 Jun); (3) a single spray applied when the first sap feeding mines were observed on the underside of the leaf surfaces (12 Jul); (4) a single spray applied when the first tissue feeding mines were observed on the top surface of the leaves (22 Jul). A single spray of Vydate L was also applied on 22 Jul as a standard control technique for the second generation of STLM. STLM tissue mines were counted on 26 Jun on 10 randomly selected fruit clusters on each tree to evaluate the effectiveness of the different treatments against the first generation. STLM tissue mines were counted on 15 randomly selected “non-growing” terminals on each tree on 29 Aug to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments against the second generation. Data collected for both generations was transformed Log n(X + 1) and analyzed using a Fisher’s Protected LSD Test (P≤0.05).
Pear, Seasonal Insecticide Evaluation for Pear Psylla, 1995
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to replicated 3-tree plots in a block of ‘Bartlett’ (84%), ‘Bosc’ (9%), and ‘D’Anjou’ (7%) pears. Trees were planted at a spacing of 24 X 24 ft and were 16 years old. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster ‘309’ calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 2.2 mph. The first table contains a listing of the application dates. All plots received a regular fungicide maintenance schedule of Benlate 50DF, Streptomycin and Ziram 76WP. All sampling was conducted on the middle ‘Bartlett’ tree in each replicate. All treatments were evaluated by counting eggs and/or nymphs from leaf samples using a binocular microscope under 10 X magnification at 6-9 d intervals. Counts were made on 15 spur leaf samples from 1 May to 25 May, on 8 spur and 7 third most distal leaf samples from 1 Jun to 14 Jun, on 15 third most distal leaf samples on 22 Jun to 7 Jul. Adult PP were sampled by making 2 taps on 8 limbs per center plot tree. All adults dropping onto a 0.2 m2 collecting tray were counted. Russet evaluations were made on pear fruits (30 per replicate). Each replicate was rated as 0 (no russet), 1 (raised lenticels), 2 (1-10% russeted surface), 3 (11-25% russeted surface), 4 (26-50% russeted surface), or 5 (&gt;51% russeted surface). The individual ratings were added to calculate a russet rating for each replicate. Possible ranges for the replicate russet ratings (and estimate of range of percent of surface russeted) are 0-30 (none to raised lenticels), 31-60 (raised lenticels to 1-10% russeted surface), 61-90 (1-10% to 11-25% russeted surface), 91-120 (11-25% to 26-50% russeted surface), and 121-150 (26-50% to &gt;51% russeted surface).
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Lepidopterous Pests in Cranberries, 1995
Authors: Polavarapu S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted on a bed of ‘Earlyblacks’ at the Rutgers Blueberry and Cranberry Research Center, Chatsworth, NJ. Treatment plots were arranged in a RCB design with 5 replications. Plots were 4-m by 4-m, separated by buffers of 1-m strips of cranberries within each block and 3-m between blocks. GM larval populations in each plot were augmented on 7 May by placing 4 eggmasses, obtained from USDA-APHJS facility at Otis Air Base in Cape Cod, MA. All GM eggmasses completed hatching by 10 May and larvae were well distributed in each plot at the time of insecticide application. Treatments were applied once on 20 May with a CO2 pressurized Model T backpack sprayer (R & D sprayers) equipped with a single TeeJet nozzle (8002VS). The sprayer was operated at 35 PSI and calibrated to deliver 250 GPA finished spray. Most larvae of SFW and BHFW were third and fourth instar at the time of insecticide application. Larval population was assessed by examining all uprights in 4 randomly selected 1 -ft2 areas per replicate. Pre-treatment estimates were made 15-16 May and post-treatment counts on 31 May. GM larval counts were not taken before the application of insecticides. Larval counts of BHFW and SFW were pooled because of low pest pressure.
Chemical Evaluations for Control of Japanese Beetle on Grapes, 1995
Authors: Williams R. N. , Ellis M. A. , Fickle D. S. , Ellis M. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In an experimental ‘Clinton’ vineyard at Wooster, Ohio, plots consisted of 2 grape vines, with 4 replications per treatment in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays at a rate of 100 gpa (935 liter/ha) on 18 Jul. A hand-held CO2 sprayer operating at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2), equipped with a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle, was used to apply treatments. No surfactant was added to any of the treatments. On 18 Jul, after treated foliage was dry, 5 grape leaves were removed from the outside canopy of each plot for use in the bioassay. Leaves were brought into the lab on 0, 1, 3, and 6 d after initial treatment and placed in round 1-gal. ice cream containers along with 10 Japanese beetles. The beetles used in these studies were collected in traps in an untreated area. The 1-gal containers were modified by placing plastic liners inside and cheesecloth over the open top. Beetles were confined in the cages with the treated foliage for 24 h after which the number of dead beetles was determined.
Insect Control on Nursery Citrus, 1995
Authors: French J. Victor , Villarreal Santiago 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental insecticide V-71639, alone and with Silwet silicone adjuvant, were compared to Danitol and Admire for efficacy against CMB and CWWF on container-grown citrus in the greenhouse. Treatments were randomized and replicated on 9 ‘Ruby Red’ grapefruit trees each ca. 2 ft high. Trees were sprayed to foliar runoff using a TQ-40 Koke Kap backpack CO2 sprayer at 32 psi. Control trees received a water spray. At 7-day-intervals posttreatment, mature young leaves (10 per treatment) were randomly collected and all live CMB (except eggs) and lst-4th stage CWWF were counted under a binocular microscope at 20X. CWWF were recorded as live if body^ fluid was released when probed with a needle.
Lepidopterous Larvae Control with Insecticides, Pasquotank Co., N.C., 1995
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Holloway C. Wade 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Gourmet’ cabbage was direct seeded in early Mar near Weeksville, NC. Single row plots 10 ft. long on 42 inch centers were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Alleys of 5 ft. were used between replicates. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer using a single hollow cone nozzle (18X) operating at 60 psi to deliver 54.5 gal/acre. Applications with Triton AG-98 (spreader) were made with all treatments 2, 9, 16 and 23 May. Visual estimates of foliar damage and insect counts were made 9, 16, 23 and 30 May. No CL were present on 9 and 16 May.
Foliar Sprays to Control Lepidopterous Larvae on Cabbage, 1996
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 21 Aug at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25-ft-long row with 3 ft between-row spacing, bordered on each side by an untreated guard row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design.
Efficacy of Registered and Experimental Insecticides for Control of Corn Rootworm Larvae at Three Locations in Illinois, 1996
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Steffey K. L. , Gray M. E. , Finger J. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Soil insecticides were applied at planting and after planting at 3 locations in IL: 2 May (Monmouth), 3 May (DeKalb), and 20 May (Urbana). The experimental design was a RCB with four replications. Each treatment, except for Furadan 4F, was applied to a single 100-ft row; rows were 30-inches wide. Granular insecticides were metered through computer controlled SmartBox (SBX) granular applicators or Noble units mounted on each of the planter units (John Deere, 7000 series, 4-row Max-emerge planter). Granules were applied in-furrow or in a 7-inch band ahead of the firming wheels. Spring tines mounted behind each planter unit were used to incorporate the insecticide. Liquid applications at Regent 80WG were delivered at planting through microtubes calibrated to deliver 2.2 qt per acre in-furrow. Furadan 4F was applied post-emergence as a broadcast spray over 2 rows on 30 May, for Monmouth and DeKalb, respectively. A CO2 back-pack sprayer system was calibrated to deliver 13.3 gpa at 20 psi. Stand counts were determined by recording the number of plants per 17.4 row ft (1/1,000 acre); differences in stands among all treatments and the untreated check plots were not significant at all three locations (data not presented). Five roots were extracted from each replicate by treatment combination using the Iowa State University 1-6 scale. Efficiency ratings were the percentage of roots extracted from each treatment that had root ratings of 4.0 or less.
Cage Studies with Tarnished Plant Bug Control Using Curacron, 1996
Authors: Teague T. G. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Field studies were conducted to compare tarnished plant bug control using Curacron and a standard, Orthene. Cotton was planted 9 May on the Cotton Branch Experiment Station in Marianna, AR in 8 row (38 inch centers) wide plots, 70 ft long with 10 ft alleys and separated by a 6.5 ft buffer planted in mustard. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 3 replications. Insecticides were applied 25 Jul using a 8-row CO2-charged hi-boy sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.5 gpa at 30 psi with TJ-60 8002 nozzles on 19 inch spacing. Prior to application, TBP were collected using sweep nets in blooming mustard then placed in 15 ml plastic vials (5 insects per vial) on ice. Three organdy sleeve cages, 6 inches diam by 18 inches long, were secured to randomly selected individual plants in the center 2 rows by tying the lower end of the each cage around the plant ca 1 ft from the terminal with twist ties. The cages were rolled down to the tie and covered with aluminum foil leaving plant terminals exposed. Following treatment the foil was removed, the cage pulled up, and 5 TPB nymphs (3 to 5th instar) were placed into each cage. Cage tops were secured with twist ties. After 96 h, plants were cut below the cage and taken to the laboratory where TPB mortality was determined. Bollworm infestation also was monitored during the test period. At 4 DAT, numbers of medium and large larvae per 20 terminals were surveyed in plants in the center 4 rows of each plot. All data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means separated with LSD.
Irrigation Effects on Efficacy of Halofenozide (RH 0345) Against White Grubs, 1995
Authors: Held D. , Potter D. A. , Williamson C. , Keathley C. , Kunkel B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was conducted in turf-type tall fescue at the University of Kentucky Spindletop Farm, near Lexington. The turf was on a Maury silt loam soil (pH = 6.4) with negligible thatch. Plots (4X6 ft; 2 ft untreated borders) were arranged in a RCB with 4 replications. Plots that received post-treatment irrigation were treated on 27 Jul, during flight of JB. The population in the soil consisted mostly of eggs, with some 1st instars. Granular formulations were preweighed, mixed with dry sand, and applied evenly to the plots by gloved hand. Liquid applications were applied at 50 gpa using a low volume, CO2 sprayer equipped with 4 Spraying System 8004 Tee Jet nozzles that delivered 2109 g pressure per cm2. Treated and untreated check plots were syringed with 1/8 inch of water within 5 min after application, and the whole site received 3/4 inch of irrigation as the last treatment was applied. Conditions at the time of treatment on 27 Jul were 88°F with winds &lt; 10 mph. The non-irrigated plots were treated in the same manner on 31 Jul, except that no syringing or post-treatment irrigation was applied. Conditions at the time of treatment were 92°F, with negligible wind. There was 0.23 inch of rain on 26 Jul, the day before the irrigated plots were treated. There was no additional rain until 1.78 inch fell on 5 Aug. All plots were sampled on 14 Sep. A motorized sod cutter was used to cut a 3 X 1.5 ft strip, about 3” deep, from the center of each plot. The sod was rolled back, broken apart, and all grubs were identified and counted.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Redlegged Grasshopper in Pasture Adjacent to Mustard Greens, 1996
Authors: McLeod Paul 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A forage pasture composed primarily of fescue was sprayed with different insecticides to prevent redlegged grasshoppers from moving into adjacent mustard greens. The study was conducted in a commercial pasture in Fayetteville, AR. Insecticides were applied with a bicycle sprayer equipped with 10 Tee Jet 80015 nozzles calibrated to deliver 15.2 gpa at 2.4 mph. Treatments were applied 24 Oct in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plot size was 60 X 75 ft. Adult redlegged grasshoppers were counted just prior to treatment and at 1 and 2 DAT. On each observation date one count of flying grasshoppers was made by 1 observer while walking through each plot.
Control of Aphids on Irish Potato, 1997
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiments were RCB designs replicated 5 times and were conducted at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1996. They were planted 02 Jun. The 3.0-m space between blocks and the 1.8-m space between the four-row plots were sown to oats on 10 Jun. All rows were hand planted 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole Katahdin seed (ca. 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilizer and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by 7 foliar applications of mancozeb. Furrows applications of insecticides were made by sprinkle can. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 5.6 kg/cm2 (80 psi) pressure and 0.47 kl/ha (50 gpa). Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on a top, a middle, and a bottom leaf on 20 plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, aphid counts were made prior to applications of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the data using log10(x + 1). Transformed means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using Fisher’s LSD Test and then applied to the actual means. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 5.6, 6.6, and 10.3 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 17.7, 20.8, and 18.3 deg. C.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticide Mixtures for Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm Control, 1997
Authors: Micinski S. , Scarborough R. G. , Forrester F. D. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Thirteen treatments were evaluated at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine their efficacy in controlling the bollworm/tobacco budworm (BW/TBW) complex on cotton. Plots were planted 9 May and were 4 rows X 100 ft on 40-inch centers. All plots had Temik 15 G (0.5 lb (AI)/acre) applied in-furrow at planting. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Prior to trial initiation, plots were oversprayed for cutworms on 6 Jun (Karate 1 EC at 0.025 lb (AI)/acre); boll weevils on 9, 13, 18 Jun and 3 Jul (Vydate C-LV at 0.25 lb (AI)/acre); BW/TBW on 27 Jun (Baythroid 2 EC at 0.03 lb (AI)/acre), and 11 Jul (Karate 1 EC at 0.03 lb (AI)/acre); and for aphids on 17 Jul (Provado 1.6°F at 0.047 lb (AI)/acre). Test materials were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticide treatments were applied on 15, 22, 29 Jul, 5 and 14 Aug in 5.9 gpa at 60 psi with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 20 inches apart (2 nozzles/row). Infestations of BW and TBW larvae and square damage were monitored on 18, 25 Jul, 1 and 11 Aug by examining 25 squares/plot. Following the trial, all plots were oversprayed for BW/TBW on 22 Aug with Karate 1 EC plus Curacron 8 EC at 0.028 + 0.75 lb (AI)/acre. Boll weevil eradication sprays with weekly applications of ULV Malathion (12 oz product/acre) were begun the week of 18 Aug. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot on 7 Oct.
Control of Soybean Looper and Beet Armyworm in the Macon Ridge Region of Louisiana, 1997
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Boethel D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two tests were conducted at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides against soybean looper and beet armyworm. Plots in both tests consisted of 4 rows (40-inch centers) X 50 ft and were planted 13 Jun. Treatments in both tests were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 25 Aug and 29 Aug in Test 1 and Test 2, respectively, with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gpa through Teejet TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 47 psi. Treatments were evaluated at 3 and 8 DAT in Test 1 and at 3 and 7 DAT in Test 2 using 25-sweep samples/plot with a standard 15-inch diam sweep net. Row 2 was sampled 3 DAT and row 3 was sampled 7 or 8 DAT. Trace amounts of rainfall occurred on 3 Sep (0.17 in) and 4 Sep (0.12 in). Data were analyzed with ANOVA and means were separated according to DMRT.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Green Stink Bug and Brown Stink Bug Control on Soybean, 1997
Authors: Fitzpatrick B. J. , Boethel D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of standard and experimental insecticides was evaluated in a small-plot trial conducted at the St. Gabriel Research Station located near St. Gabriel, LA (Iberville Parish). Treatments were applied on 20 Aug to ‘DeltaPine 3478’ soybeans with a tractor-mounted, CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 15 gpa at 40 psi through TeeJet 8002 flat fan nozzles (2/row). Plots were 50 ft. X 4 rows (36-inch centers) and arranged in a RCBD with four replications. One 25-sweep sample/plot was taken with a standard 15-inch diameter sweep net at 2 and 5 DAT. On 21 Aug, the test received 1.52 inches of rainfall. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and means separated using Duncan’s New MRT (DNMRT).
Selected Insecticides for Control of Corn Earworm and Green Cloverworm in Soybean in Virginia, 1997
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated against CEW and GCW in soybean. ‘Hutcheson’ soybean was planted 15 June in a producer’s field in Greensville County, VA, using an 18-inch row spacing. All treatments were broadcast as foliar sprays with water on 27 August using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.3 gpa at 18 psi through 8002VS flat fan nozzles spaced 18 inches apart on the spray boom. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 50 ft. Insect samples were taken using a 15-cm diameter sweep net, 15 sweeps per plot. Pre-treatment insect populations were assessed just prior to treatment application by taking several 15-sweep samples throughout the planned test area. Post-treatment samples were taken 2, 4, 8, 12, and 21 days after treatment (DAT) by comparing numbers of small (1st and 2nd instars), medium (3rd and 4th instars), large (5th and 6th instars) and total CEW larvae, and total (all sizes) GCW larvae. Data were analyzing using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Control of Tobacco Aphids with Foliar Insecticides, 1997A
Authors: Sorenson C. E. , Stephenson A. S. , Clewis S. B. , Ratz C. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of foliar applications of Orthene 75 SP, Provado 1.6 FL, Orthene 97 PE, and Thiodan 3 EC against tobacco aphids in the field. Plots were established at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC, on 9 May in a field with a Norfolk loamy sand soil. Individual plots were 4 rows (1.14 m apart) wide by 22 plants (ca. 13.7 m) long and were arranged in a RCB design with 7 treatments (untreated check included) and 4 blocks. Tobacco was transplanted on 9 May with a 2-row transplanter. Soil moisture was good. Treatments were applied on 9 Jul. Foliar treatments were applied using a 2-row, CO2-powered backpack sprayer. Materials were applied through a single nozzle (Spraying Systems D2-33) per row at a pressure of 60 psi and 12.5 gpa. At 5, 9, and 16 days after treatment, aphid abundance in all plots was rated on a 0-7 scale as given in the table. Using this aphid abundance data, the average aphid rating was calculated. Aphid ratings were subjected to ANOVA and WD, K = 100, was used to separate treatment means.
Control of Lilac/Ash Borer, 1997
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Gerace Dan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted in Boulder, CO on established green ash, approximately 8-in dbh, planted around the periphery of a parking lot in Boulder, CO. Treatments were applied 22 May, 1996 and were timed to coincide approximately 10 d after sus-tained flights were first detected in pheromone trap sampling. Experimental design was a RCB with five replications. Treatments were applied to the trunk and main branches in the lower 10 ft of the trees. Evaluations were made 5 Jun, 1997 by counting all fresh exit holes in the treated area of the trees.
BT Corn Performance Against First- and Second-Generation Infestations of European Corn Borer, 1997
Authors: Ostlie K. R. , Helgeson K. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six transgenic corn hybrids expressing insecticidal proteins produced by genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were evaluated at the Rosemount Experiment Station in separate experiments that targeted first and second generations. The hybrids representing 5 different insertion events, and their non-Bt isolines were evaluated in a RCB design with tour replications. Test hybrids were planted in the center 2 rows of a 4-row plot (22 ft long, 30-inch row spacing). Border rows were planted to NK 4640Bt to preclude inter-plot movement of larvae. Plots were planted on 21 May using a cone planter and thinned to 30,000 plants/A. In view of extensive natural first generation infestation, the second-generation experiment was treated with Warrier 1 E (zeta cypermethrin) @ 3.8 fl oz/acre on 15 Jul. In each plot, 15 consecutive plants were tested for Bt expression and non-expressers were rogued on 29 Jul. The plants intended for first generation evaluation were infested at the V6 with neonate larvae in grits deposited in the whorl on 14 Jul. Heavy natural egg laying from second generation eliminated the need for manually infesting second-generation plots. First generation evaluations included: number and length of tunnels on 21 Aug and % of plants with leaf injury and a leaf injury rating on 24 Sep. On 9 Oct the second generation measurements were recorded: number of overwintering larvae, tunnel number and length, and shank and ear damage.