bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Ion chamber angular dependence in a magnetic field
Authors: Reynolds Michael , Rathee Satyapal , Fallone B. Gino 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThere have been several studies investigating dose deposition effects within radiation detectors in the presence of a magnetic field. However, to date there has only been a passing investigation which explicitly investigates detector dose–response as a function of detector orientation. Herein we will investigate the dose–response as a function angular orientation of a PR06C ionization chamber. We will also benchmark the Monte Carlo code PENELOPE with the newly developed magnetic field Fano test.MethodsThe PENELOPE Monte Carlo package was used to simulate a PR06C ionization chamber in 0.35 T through 1.5 T magnetic fields oriented either parallel or orthogonal to an incident 6 MV radiation beam. The ionization chamber was rotated through a number of polar and azimuthal angles. The dose deposited within the chamber at each angular position and magnetic field strength was scored then normalized to that deposited in the same orientation with no magnetic field. The simulation was also benchmarked via a Fano test in magnetic field.ResultsThe Fano test yielded a 0.4% difference between simulation and expected result, which is similar to previous findings and sufficient for the purposes of this study. The angular dose–response map in all cases where the magnetic field is oriented orthogonal to the radiation beam is quite varied and can range from 0.89 to 1.08. Angular deviations as small as 3° can lead to dose–response changes in excess of 1%. When the magnetic field is parallel to the photon beam, the angular dose–response map is homogeneous and less than 1% below 1.0 T.ConclusionsWithin a magnetic field‐oriented orthogonal to the radiation beam, the ionization chamber dose–response fluctuates greatly as a function of polar and azimuthal angle, where a parallel field yields a more homogeneous dose–response.
Amniotic fluid stem cells ameliorate bladder dysfunction induced by chronic bladder ischemia in rat
Authors: Liang Ching‐Chung , Shaw Sheng‐Wen Steven , Lin Yi‐Hao , Lee Tsong‐Hai 
Published: June 2017

AimsThis study investigated the protective effect of human amniotic fluid‐derived stem cells (hAFSCs) against bladder overactivity in rat model of atherosclerosis‐induced chronic bladder ischemia.MethodsAdult female Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into six groups: (1) Normal control with a regular diet for 8 weeks, (2) Sham‐operation, (3) arterial balloon endothelial injury (AEI) of common iliac artery (AEI only), and post‐AEI consecutive hAFSCs treatment for (4) 1 day, (5) 3 days, and (6) 7 days. Groups 2‐6 were given 2% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks after operation (sham or AEI). Bladder functions were analyzed by cystometry at 8 weeks in controls and after operation in groups 2‐6. Wall morphology of common iliac artery was examined by hematoxylin and eosin stain. Bladder oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were studied by immunohistochemistry of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐alpha).ResultsBladder overactivity with decreased voided volumes and intercontraction intervals and increased residual volumes was seen in AEI only group, but improved after hAFSCs treatment for 1, 3, and 7 days. Compared with controls and shams, the wall thickness of iliac artery was increased in AEI only group, but improved after hAFSCs treatment for 3 and 7 days. The expressions of 8OHdG, MDA, and TNF‐alpha were increased in AEI only group, but improved after hAFSCs treatment for 1, 3, and 7 days.ConclusionsBladder overactivity caused by chronic bladder ischemia can be improved by hAFSCs treatment, probably by acting through down‐regulation of oxidative stress and TNF‐alpha expressions.
Potassium‐Ion‐Selective Fluorescent Sensors To Detect Cereulide, the Emetic Toxin of B. cereus, in Food Samples and HeLa Cells
Authors: García‐Calvo José , Ibeas Saturnino , Antón‐García Eva‐Clara , Torroba Tomás , González‐Aguilar Gerardo , Antunes Wilson , González‐Lavado Eloísa , Fanarraga Mónica L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe report the development of new chemical probes for cereulide, a toxic metabolite produced by specific strains of Bacillus cereus, through displacement of potassium cations from a preformed specific complex and a subsequent change in the fluorescence emission. For this purpose, we designed fluorescent probes for potassium cations that were suitable for displacement assays with cereulide from organic extracts. The fluorescence detection of natural cereulide in rice samples was achieved by using synthetic cereulide as a reference and a potassium fluorescent reporter, and this was found to be useful as a portable and fast method for the in situ detection of cereulide in food extracts. To study the fate of cereulide in live cells, we designed a procedure that was suitable for live‐cell microscopy imaging of HeLa cells by comparing the cellular location of the potassium fluorogenic probe, which stained intracellular endolysosomes, in the absence and presence of cereulide; we concluded that in the presence of cereulide, the fluorescence of the probe was decreased because of complexation of the potassium ions by cereulide.
Patients' and family caregivers' understanding of the cancer stage, treatment goal, and chance of cure: A study with patient‐caregiver‐physician triad
Authors: Shin Dong Wook , Cho Juhee , Kim So Young , Yang Hyung Kook , Park Keeho , Kweon Sun‐Seog , Koh Dai Ha , Nam Hae‐Sung , Park Jong‐Hyock 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveAccurate understanding of the extent of disease, treatment goal, and prognosis is a prerequisite for patients with cancer and their caregivers to make informed decision. We sought to evaluate patients' and family caregivers' understanding of the cancer stage, treatment goal, and chance of cure taking their own physician's evaluation as reference.MethodsA national survey was performed with 750 patient‐caregiver dyads (75.5% participation rate) recruited by 134 oncologists in 13 cancer centers (93% participation rate) in South Korea. Both patients and caregivers were asked to report their knowledge of patient's cancer stage, treatment goal, and chance of cure. Concordance was evaluated with percentage agreement and weighted κ, and predictors of discordance of patient and caregiver's response with that of physician's were explored by multivariate regression analyses with mixed effect model.ResultsThe agreement rates between patient‐physician and caregiver‐physician were 63.0% and 65.9% for disease stage, 69.0% and 70.0% for treatment goal, and 41.4% and 45.1% for chance of cure. When discordance occurs, patients and caregivers often had an optimistic view. Distant stage, older age, female sex, and absence of depression were associated with optimistic view of patients, and there was significant between‐physician variance for all 3 outcomes.ConclusionThe discordance revealed that our study suggests the need for better communication between physician and patients, as well as the caregivers. Research is needed to develop a comprehensive strategy to improve the understanding of the patients and family so that treatment decisions are made based on realistic estimation.
On the mechanical interplay between Timoshenko and semirigid inclusions embedded in elastic bodies
Authors: Khludnev A. M. , Popova T. S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the paper, an equilibrium problem for elastic bodies with a thin elastic Timoshenko inclusion and a thin semirigid inclusion is analyzed. The inclusions are assumed to be delaminated from elastic bodies, thus forming a crack between the inclusions and the elastic matrix. Nonlinear boundary conditions are imposed at the crack faces to prevent a mutual penetration between the crack faces. The inclusions have a joint point. A passage to a limit is investigated as a rigidity parameter of the elastic inclusion goes to infinity. The limit model is investigated. Junction boundary conditions are found at the joint point for the problem analyzed as well as for the limit problem.
Using Alumni Views to Connect the Past, Present, and Future in Political Science
Authors: Raile Eric D. , Shanahan Elizabeth A. , Wallner Michael P. , Young Linda M. , Avonius Marja , Young Micaela , Tayeb Nacer 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
This article describes the collection of views from political science alumni via a web-based survey as a central part of efforts to review and improve the curriculum and the broader political science program at a public university. Based on the literature and on interviews with faculty members and former students, we iteratively constructed a questionnaire containing five categories of items: program structure, content/knowledge, skills, outcomes, and learning environment. These categories were intended to capture curricular elements and outcomes that include but extend beyond employment and professional-skill attainment. Graduate students contributed in meaningful ways to the effort through a research-methods course. The article discusses how results of the survey fed into the curriculum-revision process specifically and program review and assessment considerations more generally.
Experiential Learning and Pathways to Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Rinfret Sara 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTTo date, more than 650 university presidents across the United States have become signatories of the American College and University Presidents’ Climate Commitment (ACUPCC). A central goal of being a signatory is for a campus to achieve carbon neutrality. This article suggests that bringing the practice of experiential learning to the college classroom is a mechanism to help students understand and become involved in campus carbon-neutrality efforts. More specifically, it discusses the practical realities of using an undergraduate environmental-policy course to create policy proposals for our campus’s 2020 carbon-neutrality goal. The findings support a growing body of literature that demonstrates the value of experiential learning by enabling students to move from theory to practice.
Reconstruction of stochastic temporal networks through diffusive arrival times
Authors: Li Xun , Li Xiang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTemporal networks have opened a new dimension in defining and quantification of complex interacting systems. Our ability to identify and reproduce time-resolved interaction patterns is, however, limited by the restricted access to empirical individual-level data. Here we propose an inverse modelling method based on first-arrival observations of the diffusion process taking place on temporal networks. We describe an efficient coordinate-ascent implementation for inferring stochastic temporal networks that builds in particular but not exclusively on the null model assumption of mutually independent interaction sequences at the dyadic level. The results of benchmark tests applied on both synthesized and empirical network data sets confirm the validity of our algorithm, showing the feasibility of statistically accurate inference of temporal networks only from moderate-sized samples of diffusion cascades. Our approach provides an effective and flexible scheme for the temporally augmented inverse problems of network reconstruction and has potential in a broad variety of applications.
EMT cells increase breast cancer metastasis via paracrine GLI activation in neighbouring tumour cells
Authors: Neelakantan Deepika , Zhou Hengbo , Oliphant Michael U. J. , Zhang Xiaomei , Simon Lukas M. , Henke David M. , Shaw Chad A. , Wu Meng-Fen , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , White Lisa D. , Lewis Michael T. , Ford Heide L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecent fate-mapping studies concluded that EMT is not required for metastasis of carcinomas. Here we challenge this conclusion by showing that these studies failed to account for possible crosstalk between EMT and non-EMT cells that promotes dissemination of non-EMT cells. In breast cancer models, EMT cells induce increased metastasis of weakly metastatic, non-EMT tumour cells in a paracrine manner, in part by non-cell autonomous activation of the GLI transcription factor. Treatment with GANT61, a GLI1/2 inhibitor, but not with IPI 926, a Smoothened inhibitor, blocks this effect and inhibits growth in PDX models. In human breast tumours, the EMT-transcription factors strongly correlate with activated Hedgehog/GLI signalling but not with the Hh ligands. Our findings indicate that EMT contributes to metastasis via non-cell autonomous effects that activate the Hh pathway. Although all Hh inhibitors may act against tumours with canonical Hh/GLI signalling, only GLI inhibitors would act against non-canonical EMT-induced GLI activation.
Bub1 positions Mad1 close to KNL1 MELT repeats to promote checkpoint signalling
Authors: Zhang Gang , Kruse Thomas , López-Méndez Blanca , Sylvestersen Kathrine Beck , Garvanska Dimitriya H. , Schopper Simone , Nielsen Michael Lund , Nilsson Jakob 
Published: June 2017

AbstractProper segregation of chromosomes depends on a functional spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and requires kinetochore localization of the Bub1 and Mad1/Mad2 checkpoint proteins. Several aspects of Mad1/Mad2 kinetochore recruitment in human cells are unclear and in particular the underlying direct interactions. Here we show that conserved domain 1 (CD1) in human Bub1 binds directly to Mad1 and a phosphorylation site exists in CD1 that stimulates Mad1 binding and SAC signalling. Importantly, fusion of minimal kinetochore-targeting Bub1 fragments to Mad1 bypasses the need for CD1, revealing that the main function of Bub1 is to position Mad1 close to KNL1 MELT repeats. Furthermore, we identify residues in Mad1 that are critical for Mad1 functionality, but not Bub1 binding, arguing for a direct role of Mad1 in the checkpoint. This work dissects functionally relevant molecular interactions required for spindle assembly checkpoint signalling at kinetochores in human cells.
Mutual synchronization of spin torque nano-oscillators through a long-range and tunable electrical coupling scheme
Authors: Lebrun R. , Tsunegi S. , Bortolotti P. , Kubota H. , Jenkins A. S. , Romera M. , Yakushiji K. , Fukushima A. , Grollier J. , Yuasa S. , Cros V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe concept of spin-torque-driven high-frequency magnetization dynamics, allows the potential construction of complex networks of non-linear dynamical nanoscale systems, combining the field of spintronics and the study of non-linear systems. In the few previous demonstrations of synchronization of several spin-torque oscillators, the short-range nature of the magnetic coupling that was used has largely hampered a complete control of the synchronization process. Here we demonstrate the successful mutual synchronization of two spin-torque oscillators with a large separation distance through their long range self-emitted microwave currents. This leads to a strong improvement of both the emitted power and the linewidth. The full control of the synchronized state is achieved at the nanoscale through two active spin transfer torques, but also externally through an electrical delay line. These additional levels of control of the synchronization capability provide a new approach to develop spin-torque oscillator-based nanoscale microwave-devices going from microwave-sources to bio-inspired networks.
Limited nucleotide pools restrict Epstein–Barr virus-mediated B-cell immortalization
Authors: Hafez A Y , Messinger J E , McFadden K , Fenyofalvi G , Shepard C N , Lenzi G M , Kim B , Luftig M A 
Published: June 2017

AbstractActivation of cellular oncogenes as well as infection with tumor viruses can promote aberrant proliferation and activation of the host DNA damage response. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection of primary human B cells induces a transient period of hyper-proliferation, but many of these infected cells succumb to an ataxia telangiectasia mutated/checkpoint kinase 2 (ATM/Chk2)-mediated senescence-like growth arrest. In this study, we assessed the role of DNA replicative stress and nucleotide pool levels in limiting EBV-infected B-cell outgrowth. We found that EBV triggered activation of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) signaling pathway in the early rapidly proliferating cells, which were also significantly more sensitive to inhibition of the ATR pathway than late attenuated proliferating cells. Through nuclear halo assays, we determined that early EBV-infected cells displayed increased replicative stress and DNA damage relative to late proliferating cells. Finally, we found that early after infection, hyper-proliferating B cells exhibited limited deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) pools compared with late proliferating and EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines with a specific loss of purine dNTPs. Importantly, supplementation with exogenous nucleosides before the period of hyper-proliferation markedly enhanced B-cell immortalization by EBV and rescued replicative stress. Together our results suggest that purine dNTP biosynthesis has a critical role in the early stages of EBV-mediated B-cell immortalization.
Global rise of potential health hazards caused by blue light-induced circadian disruption in modern aging societies
Authors: Hatori Megumi , Gronfier Claude , Van Gelder Russell N. , Bernstein Paul S. , Carreras Josep , Panda Satchidananda , Marks Frederick , Sliney David , Hunt Charles E. , Hirota Tsuyoshi , Furukawa Toshiharu , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMammals receive light information through the eyes, which perform two major functions: image forming vision to see objects and non-image forming adaptation of physiology and behavior to light. Cone and rod photoreceptors form images and send the information via retinal ganglion cells to the brain for image reconstruction. In contrast, nonimage-forming photoresponses vary widely from adjustment of pupil diameter to adaptation of the circadian clock. nonimage-forming responses are mediated by retinal ganglion cells expressing the photopigment melanopsin. Melanopsin-expressing cells constitute 1–2% of retinal ganglion cells in the adult mammalian retina, are intrinsically photosensitive, and integrate photic information from rods and cones to control nonimage-forming adaptation. Action spectra of ipRGCs and of melanopsin photopigment peak around 480 nm blue light. Understanding melanopsin function lets us recognize considerable physiological effects of blue light, which is increasingly important in our modern society that uses light-emitting diode. Misalignment of circadian rhythmicity is observed in numerous conditions, including aging, and is thought to be involved in the development of age-related disorders, such as depression, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cancer. The appropriate regulation of circadian rhythmicity by proper lighting is therefore essential. This perspective introduces the potential risks of excessive blue light for human health through circadian rhythm disruption and sleep deprivation. Knowing the positive and negative aspects, this study claims the importance of being exposed to light at optimal times and intensities during the day, based on the concept of the circadian clock, ultimately to improve quality of life to have a healthy and longer life.
Platelet-rich plasma induces post-natal maturation of immature articular cartilage and correlates with LOXL1 activation
Authors: Zhang Yadan , Morgan Ben J. , Smith Rachel , Fellows Christopher R. , Thornton Catherine , Snow Martyn , Francis Lewis W. , Khan Ilyas M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is used to stimulate the repair of acute and chronic cartilage damage even though there is no definitive evidence of how this is achieved. Chondrocytes in injured and diseased situations frequently re-express phenotypic biomarkers of immature cartilage so tissue maturation is a potential pathway for restoration of normal structure and function. We used an in vitro model of growth factor-induced maturation to perform a comparative study in order to determine whether PRP can also induce this specific form of remodeling that is characterised by increased cellular proliferation and tissue stiffness. Gene expression patterns specific for maturation were mimicked in PRP treated cartilage, with chondromodulin, collagen types II/X downregulated, deiodinase II and netrin-1 upregulated. PRP increased cartilage surface cell density 1.5-fold (P < 0.05), confirmed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and proportionate increases in proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene expression. Atomic force microscopy analysis of PRP and growth factor treated cartilage gave a 5-fold increase in stiffness correlating with a 10-fold upregulation of lysyl oxidase like-1 gene expression (P < 0.001). These data show PRP induces key aspects of post-natal maturation in immature cartilage and provides the basis to evaluate a new biological rationale for its activity when used clinically to initiate joint repair.
Epitaxially stabilized thin films of ε-Fe2O3 (001) grown on YSZ (100)
Authors: Corbellini Luca , Lacroix Christian , Harnagea Catalin , Korinek Andreas , Botton Gianluigi A. , Ménard David , Pignolet Alain 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEpsilon ferrite (ε-Fe2O3) is a metastable phase of iron(III) oxide, intermediate between maghemite and hematite. It has recently attracted interest because of its magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which distinguishes it from the other polymorphs, and results in a gigantic coercive field and a natural ferromagnetic resonance frequency in the THz range. Moreover, it possesses a polar crystal structure, making it a potential ferroelectric, hence a potential multiferroic. Due to the need of size confinement to stabilize the metastable phase, ε-Fe2O3has been synthesized mainly as nanoparticles. However, to favor integration in devices, and take advantage of its unique functional properties, synthesis as epitaxial thin films is desirable. In this paper, we report the growth of ε-Fe2O3as epitaxial thin films on (100)-oriented yttrium-stabilized zirconia substrates. Structural characterization outlined the formation of multiple in-plane twins, with two different epitaxial relations to the substrate. Transmission electron microscopy showed how such twins develop in a pillar-like structure from the interface to the surface. Magnetic characterization confirmed the high magnetocrystalline anisotropy of our film and revealed the presence of a secondary phase which was identified as the well-known magnetite. Finally, angular analysis of the magnetic properties revealed how the presence of twins impacts their azimuthal dependence.