bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are three-dimensional airway evaluations obtained through computed and cone-beam computed tomography scans predictable from lateral cephalograms? A systematic review of evidence
Authors: Eslami Ehsan , Katz Eliot S , Baghdady Mariam , Abramovitch Kenneth , Masoud Mohamed I 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To systematically review the literature correlating upper airway parameters between lateral cephalograms (LC) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) or computed tomography (CT) scans to determine the utility of using LC to predict three-dimensional airway parameters.
Materials and Methods: Both electronic and manual searches of the included studies were performed by two reviewers, and the quality of the studies that met selection criteria were assessed.
Results: A total of 11 studies from the literature met the selection criteria. Assessed outcome variables showed correlation r &lt; .7 between the LC and CT scans. The correlation between the LC and CBCT ranged from weak to strong with −.78 ≤ r and r ≤ .93 reported in the nasopharyngeal segment. In the oropharyngeal segment, a weak to strong correlation was reported with a range of −37 ≤ r and r ≤ .83 between the CBCT and LC. All associations in the hypopharyngeal segment showed a weak correlation. Four of studies were of weak quality, five were of moderate quality, and two were rated to be of strong quality.
Conclusion: No strong correlations were reported between the LC and CT scans. However, the LC-derived adenoid-nasopharyngeal ratio and the linear measurement (posterior nasal spine, PNS, to posterior pharyngeal wall) had a strong correlation with upright nasopharyngeal area and volume in the CBCTs. The area measurement in conventional LC can be also used as an initial screening tool to predict the upright three-dimensional oropharyngeal volumetric data. The variability of the hypopharyngeal segment cannot be predicted by LCs. However, more well-designed studies are needed to determine the clinical utility of using LC to predict airway size.
Intensive Glycemic Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on β-Blockers
Authors: Tsujimoto Tetsuro , Sugiyama Takehiro , Noda Mitsuhiko , Kajio Hiroshi 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE
Recent studies have suggested that β-blockers may decrease the adverse influence of hypoglycemia and reduce hypoglycemia-associated cardiac arrhythmias and death. We evaluated whether intensive glycemic therapy in patients with diabetes receiving treatment with β-blockers showed beneficial effects for the prevention of cardiovascular events without increased mortality compared with a standard glycemic therapy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial data to assess the risks of cardiovascular events, all-cause death, and cardiovascular death in patients with diabetes receiving treatment with β-blockers (n = 3,079) and not receiving treatment with β-blockers (n = 7,145) using Cox proportional hazard models.

RESULTS
In patients receiving treatment with β-blockers, the cumulative event rates for cardiovascular events were significantly lower in the intensive therapy group compared with the standard therapy group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.81; 95% CI 0.67–0.97; P = 0.02), whereas those rates in patients not receiving treatment with β-blockers were not significantly different (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.78–1.09; P = 0.36). Conversely, the cumulative event rates for all-cause and cardiovascular deaths in patients receiving treatment with β-blockers were not significantly different between the standard therapy and intensive therapy groups (all-cause death: HR 1.08; 95% CI 0.83–1.42; P = 0.54; cardiovascular death: HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.72–1.51; P = 0.79), whereas in patients not receiving treatment with β-blockers, the event rates were significantly higher in the intensive therapy group compared with the standard therapy group (all-cause death: HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.02–1.52; P = 0.02; cardiovascular death: HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.03–1.98; P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
Intensive glycemic therapy may be effective in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving treatment with β-blockers.
In vitro effects of cysteine protease inhibitors on Trichomonas foetus–induced cytopathic changes in porcine intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Tolbert M. Katherine , Brand Mabre D. , Gould Emily N. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of specific cysteine protease (CP) inhibitors on cytopathic changes to porcine intestinal epithelial cells induced by Tritrichomonas foetus isolated from naturally infected cats.
SAMPLE T foetus isolates from 4 naturally infected cats and nontransformed porcine intestinal epithelial cells.
PROCEDURES T foetus isolates were treated with or without 0.1 to 1.0mM of the CP inhibitors antipain, cystatin, leupeptin, and chymostatin and the vinyl sulfone inhibitors WRR-483 and K11777. In-gel gelatin zymography was performed to evaluate the effects of these inhibitors on CP activity of T foetus isolates. Each treated or untreated isolate was also cocultured with monolayers of porcine intestinal epithelial cells for 24 hours, and cytopathic effects of T foetus were evaluated by light microscopy and crystal violet spectrophotometry.
RESULTS Results of in-gel gelatin zymography suggested an ability of WRR-483, K11777, and cystatin to target specific zones of CP activity of the T foetus isolates. These inhibitors had no effect on T foetus growth, and the cytopathic changes to the intestinal epithelium induced by all 4 T foetus isolates were significantly inhibited.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study revealed that certain protease inhibitors were capable of inhibiting regions of CP activity (which has been suggested to cause intestinal cell damage in cats) in T foetus organisms and of ameliorating T foetus–induced cytopathic changes to porcine intestinal epithelium in vitro. Although additional research is needed, these inhibitors might be useful in the treatment of cats with trichomonosis.
Comparison of humoral insulin-like growth factor-1, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, transforming growth factor-β1, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist concentrations among equine autologous blood-derived preparations
Authors: Ionita Christiane R. , Troillet Antonia R. , Vahlenkamp Thomas W. , Winter Karsten , Brehm Walter , Ionita Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare humoral insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) concentrations in plasma and 3 types of equine autologous blood-derived preparations (ABPs).
SAMPLE Blood and ABP samples from 12 horses.
PROCEDURES Blood samples from each horse were processed by use of commercial systems to obtain plasma, platelet concentrate, conditioned serum, and aqueous platelet lysate. Half of the platelet concentrate samples were additionally treated with a detergent to release intracellular mediators. Humoral IGF-1, PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, and IL-1Ra concentrations were measured with ELISAs and compared statistically.
RESULTS Median IGF-1 concentration was highest in conditioned serum and detergent-treated platelet concentrate, followed by platelet concentrate and plasma; IGF-1 was not detected in platelet lysate. Mean PDGF-BB concentration was highest in platelet lysate, followed by detergent-treated platelet concentrate and conditioned serum; PDGF-BB was not detected in plasma and platelet concentrate. Median TGF-β1 concentration was highest in detergent-treated platelet concentrate, followed by conditioned serum, platelet lysate, and platelet concentrate; TGF-β1 was not detected in most plasma samples. Median IL-1Ra concentration was highest in platelet lysate, followed by conditioned serum; IL-1Ra was not detected in almost all plasma, detergent-treated platelet concentrate, and platelet concentrate samples.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Each ABP had its own cytokine profile, which was determined by the specific processing method. Coagulation and cellular lysis strongly increased humoral concentrations of cell-derived cytokines. No ABP had the highest concentrations for all cytokines. Further studies are needed to assess clinical relevance of these findings.
Extracting Funder and Grant Metadata from Journal Articles
Authors: Gross Mark , Bilitzky Tammy , Thorne Richard 
Published: July 2016

Scientific, Technical, and Medical (STM) journal articles are an explosively growing data source with constantly increasing requirements for complex metadata. Newly important has been the identification of funding and grant data. It has become critical that publishers know the sources of funding for journal articles so that they can meet the associated open source distribution obligations and so that funding organizations can track publications associated with their funding. Managing this information manually is costly and often inaccurate.
Over the past few years, we have been working on enhancing techniques to extract various kinds of metadata automatically from scientific and legal documents. We report here on recent work to extract funding source and grant information from within STM journal articles.
Tracking Toys (and Documents)
Authors: Nordström Ari 
Published: July 2016

This paper is about naming and tracking documents. It's about identifying changes to them, and about the contexts where they are intended to be used. Formally, the paper suggests that three characteristics, a base identifier, a version and a rendition, are enough to sufficiently identify a document so its lifecycle can be fully tracked.
The paper addresses some of the concerns and issues commonly used to argue against this view, also taking a look at a real-life system that has put the principles into practice.
A MicroXPath for MicroXML (AKA A New, Simpler Way of Looking at XML Data Content)
Authors: Ogbuji Uche 
Published: July 2016

There has always been tension in the development, and in the community reception of the XML stack of technologies, across the many poles of technology and philological interests which have been attracted by XML's success. For some XML was too spare for rich data applications, and needed additional support from schema systems and sophisticated query systems, culminating in XSLT 3.0 and XQuery. Others craved greater and greater simplicity, allergic to any constructs complicating things too far beyond the basis of elements, attributes and text. This latter camp came together in 2012 to create a MicroXML specification. MicroXML is a radical simplification, stripping away namespaces, syntactic quirks such as CDATA Sections, the various trappings of DTDs, and much more. Nevertheless, there is need for systems to process it, and these systems start with a basic data model of the MicroXML, and a basic language for processing documents using that data model. In other words, MicroXML needs an XPath.
Even XPath 1.0 is too complex for MicroXML, because of its handling of the many features removed from MicroXML. What's needed is a MicroXPath, which can be the basis of additional MicroXML processing technologies. This paper provides a straw man specification for MicroXPath, and includes a discussion of the technical considerations for MicroXPath, including differences from the W3C XPath recommendations, based on the differences between XML 1.0 and MicroXML.
Message Format Persistence in Large Enterprise Systems
Authors: Feldman Damon 
Published: July 2016

It is more efficient to store messages as-is or with minimal modification than it is to develop a new (typically relational) schema to re-map and store the data in the messages. Yet, persistent models and message models have different needs, so naïve message persistence may not be ideal. We review the approach used in two enterprise integration efforts where XML message formats are directly or nearly-directly used to persist data and enable functions in the enterprise, avoiding costly and fragile mapping layers and the associated impedance mismatch.
We also make the general case that the message model is more critical to enterprise architecture (as distinct from system architecture) and should therefore be preeminent during enterprise design.
Actual integration efforts on the HealthCare.gov Data Services Hub and a large insurance provider are discussed, and simplified, non-proprietary example documents are used to illustrate the concepts concretely. We also review and define the Data Hub pattern for integrating data in the service of real-time, transactional loads that support service oriented communication across systems via messages.
The architectural implications of sharing message and persistent document structures, rather than using a separate persistence model, is far-reaching and affects multiple layers or “tiers” in the overall architecture. The extent of this change illustrates that NoSQL technology, which can store message-like persistent forms, drives a fundamentally different architectural approach rather than merely being another persistence option.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Dispatching of Traumatic Brain Injuries in the Fifth Period at the RAJAIE Hospital in Ghachsaran
Authors: Alidadi Abouzar , Zaboli Rooholah , Abedi Razzagh , Soltanizarandi Mohammad Reza 
Published: July 2016

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>Increasing car accidents in young group and head-stroke mechanisms in developing countryis are the main cause of brain lesions and injuries related to trauma, so that traumatic severe brain lesions and injuries and uncontrollable hemorrhage are the major cause of mortality and morbidity due to trauma. Statistical analysis and factors along with main injuries can give us useful information in the field of injury management, patient dispatching management, proper scheduling, and patients dispatching to appropriate centers.</p><p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: </strong>This research is a retrospective descriptive study with trend method in which data such as age, sex, mechanism of injury, severity of injuries, the kind of lesion, dispatching indications, patient accepting hospital, dispatching physician were extracted and analyzed by SPSS software in a five-year period from 2009-2013 using the files of patients referred to emergency department of Shahid Rajayi hospital of Gachsaran due to brain trauma.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>From total 760 patients, 455 People (9.67%) were male, and 215 (1.32%) were female. The highest rate of dispatching has been related to the year 2012 with 213 (3.18%) People. The most prevalent age group was 20 to 45 years old with 308 people dispatched. The most common type of traumatic mechanisms was due to bikes and cars injuries (79.7%) and then other various factors such as: falling from height (16.9%) and dispute and contention (3.4%). 66.9 percents of these injuries were slight. There was significant relationship between distribution of lesions severity resulted from trauma and the kind of injury mechanism (p&lt;0.0001).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>according to the fact that brain trauma injuries are more prevalent in patients within young age group and these injuries may be duplicated due to patients transmission and dispatching on a long and high-risk way, so some measures should be taken to provide required medical facilities and equipments and human forces for urban area hospitals, in order to reduce injuries due to brain trauma which involves mostly the young people who consist the most active potential forces of are our society.</p>
Dona de casa e da própria vida? Leituras sobre o trabalho feminino na publicidade por mulheres da nova classe trabalhadora
Authors: Oliveira-Cruz Milena Freire 
Published: July 2016

No âmbito do campo da comunicação, trata-se de uma pesquisa com foco nas audiências filiadas aos Estudos Culturais. Portanto, aproxima-se das experiências vividas na cotidianidade pelos sujeitos para observar a conformação de suas identidades a partir da relação instituída entre comunicação e cultura. O estudo justifica-se pelas lacunas encontradas no campo da comunicação na articulação dos conceitos de classe e gênero como categorias analíticas, bem como pela necessária contribuição no âmbito dos estudos da recepção publicitária. A formulação teórica e analítica do objeto de estudo se dá pela articulação da teoria social de Pierre Bourdieu (em especial os conceitos de habitus de classe e de gênero) e a perspectiva das mediações de Jesus Martin-Barbero e do consumo midiático de Nestor Garcia Canclini. Dueña de c asa, dueña de la vida propia? L as lecturas de trabajo de la m ujer en la publicidad de las m ujeres de la nueva c lase o breraResumen: Esta tesis constituye un estudio de recepción de publicidad llevada a cabo en la ciudad de Santa Maria / RS, el cual fue dirigido a la comprensión de cómo las representaciones del trabajo delas mujeres presentes en la comunicación publicitaria son interpretadas por las mujeres de la nueva clase obrera y cómo estas representaciones colaboran para la conformación del habitus de clase y de género.Palabras clave: Recepción la publicidad; Consumo de los medios; Clase; Género; Trabajo de la mujer.Lady of the house, lady of her o wn? Studies on female labour in advertising by wom en from the new working classAbstract: This thesis is an advertising reception study, realized in the city of Santa Maria (RS, Brazil), that aims to understand the ways in which the representations of female labour in advertising are interpreted by women from the new working class as well as the ways in which such representations collaborate with their class and gender habitus.Keywords: Advertising Reception. Media Consumption. Class. Gender. Female Labour.
Dropping behaviour of pea aphid nymphs increases their development time and reduces their reproductive capacity as adults
Authors: Agabiti Barbara , Wassenaar Roxanne J. , Winder Linton 
Published: July 2016

Background.Many aphid species, including the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum, exhibit a behaviour where they drop or fall from their host plant, a commonly used strategy to avoid predation, parasitism or physical disturbance. We hypothesised that there was a physiological non-consumptive cost due to such dropping behaviour because aphids would expend energy re-establishing themselves on a host plant and also lose feeding time.Methods.We evaluated this non-consumptive cost by determining the development time and reproductive potential of pea aphids that whilst developing as nymphs had regularly dropped to the ground following dislodgment from their host plant. Using a microcosm approach, in a replicated and balanced laboratory experiment, we caused aphid dropping behaviour by tapping the plants on which they were feeding.Results.The results demonstrated that disturbance by dropping behaviour increased nymphal development time and reduced their subsequent reproductive capacity as adults.Discussion.We conclude that dropping behaviour had a strong negative effect on the development of nymphs and their subsequent reproductive capacity. This implies that the physiological cost of such a behaviour choice is substantial, and that such avoidance strategies require a trade-off which reduces the capacity of a population to increase.
The observation and simulation of ionospheric response to CIR/high‐speed streams‐induced geomagnetic activity on 4 April 2005
Authors: Chen Yanhong , Wang Wenbin , Qiu Na , Liu Siqing , Gong Jiancun , Huang Wengeng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe ionospheric response to corotating interaction region (CIR)‐induced geomagnetic activity on 4 April 2005 has been studied using in situ electron density measurements, ground GPS‐total electron content (TEC) observations, and numerical simulations of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE‐GCM). The case study resulted that the ionospheric positive response occurred from high to low latitudes. The positive effect at low latitudes could continue for 4 days, whereas at middle to high latitudes the disturbance mainly lasted only for 1 day. The modeled Ne and TEC from TIE‐GCM had a good agreement with those from observations. The simulation results showed that penetration electric fields were responsible for the daytime positive response during the initial and main phases of the geomagnetic storm, while neutral winds were responsible for the presunset positive effects. The long‐lasting positive storm effect during the storm recovery time at low latitudes was related to the thermospheric composition (O/N2) changes during the storm event.
On the emergence of rainfall extremes from ordinary events
Authors: Zorzetto E. , Botter G. , Marani M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe analysis and estimation of extreme event occurrences is a central problem in many fields of geoscience. Advancements in the study of extreme events have recently been limited, arguably in connection with asymptotic assumptions in the traditional extreme value theory (EVT) and with its focusing on a small fraction of the available observations representing the tail properties of the underlying event generation process. Here we develop a Metastatistical Extreme Value framework (MEV) which relaxes limiting assumptions at the basis of the traditional EVT and accounts for the full distribution of the underlying “ordinary” events. We apply this general approach to the relevant case of daily rainfall and find that the MEV approach reduces the uncertainty in the estimation of high‐quantile extremes by up to 50% with respect to the classical EVT. The improved predictive power of the MEV framework is connected with its recognizing that extremes emerge from repeated sampling of ordinary events, thereby being able to use all available observations.
Robust response of the Amundsen Sea Low to stratospheric ozone depletion
Authors: England Mark R. , Polvani Lorenzo M. , Smith Karen L. , Landrum Laura , Holland Marika M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe effect of stratospheric ozone depletion on the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL), a climatological low‐pressure center important for the climate of West Antarctica, remains uncertain. Using state‐of‐the‐art climate models, we here show that stratospheric ozone depletion can cause a statistically significant deepening of the ASL in summer with an amplitude of approximately 1 hPa per decade. We are able to attribute the modeled changes in the ASL to stratospheric ozone depletion by contrasting ensembles of historical integrations with and without a realistic ozone hole. In the presence of very large natural variability, the robustness of the ozone impact on the ASL is established by (1) examining ensembles of model runs to isolate the forced response, (2) repeating the analysis with two different climate models, and (3) considering the entire period of stratospheric ozone depletion, the beginning of which predates the satellite era by a couple of decades.