bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of nanoparticles on the performance of magnetorheological fluid damper during hard turning process
Authors: Paul P. Sam , Iasanth J. Agnelo , Vasanth X. Ajay , Varadarajan A. S. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper which allows the damping characteristics of the damper to be continuously controlled by varying the magnetic field is extensively used in metal cutting to suppress tool vibration. Even though magnetorhelogical fluids have been successful in reducing tool vibration, durability of magnetorhelogical fluids remains a major challenge in engineering sector. Temperature effect on the performance of magnetorhelogical fluids over a prolonged period of time is a major concern. In this paper, an attempt was made to reduce temperature and to improve viscosity of magnetorhelogical fluids by infusing nanoparticles along with MR fluids. Aluminium oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles of 0.1% and 0.2% concentration by weight were considered and experimental tests were conducted to study the influence of nanoparticles on the performance of magnetorheological fluid. From the experimental results it was observed that the presence of nanoparticles in MR fluid reduces temperature and increases the viscosity of MR fluid thereby increasing the cutting performance during turning of hardened AISI 4340 steel.
Load carrying capacity of a heterogeneous surface bearing
Authors: Thomas Evan , Pascovici Mircea D. , Glovnea Romeo P. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
It has been shown before that liquids can slip at a solid boundary, which prompted the idea that parallel-surfaces bearings can be achieved just by alternating slip and non-slip regions in the direction of fluid flow. The amount of slip at the wall depends on the surface tension at the liquid–solid interface, which in turn depends on the chemical state of the surface and its roughness. In the present study a heterogeneous surface was obtained by coating half of a circular glass disc with a coating repellant to glycerol. A rotating glass disc was placed at a known/calibrated distance and the gap was filled with glycerol. With the mobile surface moving from the direction of slip to non-slip region it can be theoretically shown that a pressure build up can be achieved. The pressure gradient in the two regions is constant, similar to that in a Rayleigh step bearing, with the maximum pressure at the separation line. The heterogeneous disc was placed on a holder supported by a load cell thus the force generated by this pressure increase can be measured accurately. Tests were carried out at different sliding speeds and gaps and the load carried was measured and subsequently compared with theoretical calculations. This allowed the slip coefficient to be evaluated.
Plasma apolipoprotein J as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease: Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle study of aging
Authors: Gupta Veer Bala , Doecke James D. , Hone Eugene , Pedrini Steve , Laws Simon M. , Thambisetty Madhav , Bush Ashley I. , Rowe Christopher C. , Villemagne Victor L. , Ames David , Masters Colin L. , Macaulay Stuart Lance , Rembach Alan , Rainey‐Smith Stephanie R. , Martins Ralph N. ,   AIBL Research Group
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionFor early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the field needs biomarkers that can be used to detect disease status with high sensitivity and specificity. Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ, also known as clusterin) has long been associated with AD pathogenesis through various pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of plasma apoJ as a blood biomarker for AD.MethodsUsing the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging, the present study assayed plasma apoJ levels over baseline and 18 months in 833 individuals. Plasma ApoJ levels were analyzed with respect to clinical classification, age, gender, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele status, mini‐mental state examination score, plasma amyloid beta (Aβ), neocortical Aβ burden (as measured by Pittsburgh compound B‐positron emission tomography), and total adjusted hippocampus volume.ResultsApoJ was significantly higher in both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD groups as compared with healthy controls (HC; P < .0001). ApoJ significantly correlated with both “standardized uptake value ratio” (SUVR) and hippocampus volume and weakly correlated with the plasma Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio. Plasma apoJ predicted both MCI and AD from HC with greater than 80% accuracy for AD and greater than 75% accuracy for MCI at both baseline and 18‐month time points.DiscussionMean apoJ levels were significantly higher in both MCI and AD groups. ApoJ was able to differentiate between HC with high SUVR and HC with low SUVR via APOE ε4 allele status, indicating that it may be included in a biomarker panel to identify AD before the onset of clinical symptoms.
Monitoring vascular normalization induced by antiangiogenic treatment with 18F‐fluoromisonidazole‐PET
Authors: Hernández-Agudo Elena , Mondejar Tamara , Soto-Montenegro Maria Luisa , Megías Diego , Mouron Silvana , Sanchez Jesus , Hidalgo Manuel , Lopez-Casas Pedro Pablo , Mulero Francisca , Desco Manuel , Quintela-Fandino Miguel 
Published: December 2015

Background: Rationalization of antiangiogenics requires biomarkers. Vascular re‐normalization is one widely accepted mechanism of action for this drug class. The interstitium of tumors with abnormal vasculature is hypoxic. We sought to track vascular normalization with 18F‐misonidazole ([18F]‐FMISO, a probe that detects hypoxia) PET, in response to window‐of‐opportunity (WoO) treatment with the antiangiogenic dovitinib.Methods: Two patient‐derived pancreas xenografts (PDXs; Panc215 and Panc286) and the spontaneous breast cancer model MMTV‐PyMT were used. Animals were treated during 1 week of WoO treatment with vehicle or dovitinib, preceded and followed by [18F]‐FMISO‐PET, [18F]‐FDG‐PET, and histologic assessment (dextran extravasation, hypoxia and microvessel staining, and necrosis, cleaved caspase‐3 and Ki67 measurements). After WoO treatment, gemcitabine (pancreas)/adriamycin (breast) or vehicle was added and animals were treated until the humane endpoint. Tumor growth inhibition (TGI) and survival were the parameters studied.Results: [18F]‐FMISO SUV did not change after dovitinib‐WoO treatment compared to vehicle‐WoO (0.54 vs. 0.6) treatment in Panc215, but it decreased significantly in Panc286 (0.58 vs. 1.18; P < 0.05). In parallel, 10‐KDa perivascular dextran extravasation was not reduced with dovitinib or vehicle‐WoO treatment in Panc215, but it was reduced in Panc286. Whereas the addition of dovitinib to gemcitabine was indifferent in Panc215, it increased TGI in Panc286 (TGI switched from −59% to +49%). [18F]‐FMISO SUV changes were accompanied by an almost 100% increase in interstitial gemcitabine delivery (665–1260 ng/mL). The results were validated in the PyMT model.Conclusions: [18F]‐FMISO accurately monitored vascular re‐normalization and improved interstitial chemotherapy delivery.
Baltimore’s Unrest: Perspectives From Public Health and Emergency Physician Leaders
Authors: Khaldun Joneigh S. , Warren Katherine E. , Wen Leana S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe tragic April 19, 2015, death of an African American man injured while in police custody spurred several days of protest and civil unrest in Baltimore City. This article outlines the opportunity and role for a local health department during civil unrest, from the perspective of 2 emergency physicians who also led the Baltimore City Health Department through these recent events. Between April 27 and May 8, 2015, the Health Department was a lead agency in the unrest response and recovery activities. Similar to an emergency medical situation, a “public health code” is proposed as a model for centralizing, reacting to, and debriefing after situations of civil unrest. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:293–295)
Dissipative distinctions
Authors: Castro Ian P. 
Published: December 2015

There have been numerous studies concerning the possibility of self-similar scaling laws in fully developed turbulent shear flows, driven over the past half-century or so by the early seminal work of Townsend (1956, The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow. Cambridge University Press). His and nearly all subsequent analyses depend crucially on a hypothesis about the nature of the dissipation, ${\it\epsilon}$, of turbulence kinetic energy, $k$. It has usually been assumed (sometimes implicitly) that this is governed by the famous Kolmogorov relation ${\it\epsilon}=C_{{\it\epsilon}}k^{3/2}/L$, where $L$ is a length scale of the energy-containing eddies and $C_{{\it\epsilon}}$ is a constant. The paper by Dairay et al. (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 781, 2015, pp. 166–195) demonstrates, however, that, in the specific context of an axisymmetric wake, there can be regions where ${\it\epsilon}$ has a different behaviour, characterised by a $C_{{\it\epsilon}}$ that is not constant but depends on a varying local Reynolds number (despite the existence of a $-5/3$ region in the spectra). This leads to fundamentally different scaling laws for the wake.
SEMILATTICES AND THE RAMSEY PROPERTY
Authors: SOKIĆ MIODRAG 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe consider${\cal S}$, the class of finite semilattices;${\cal T}$, the class of finite treeable semilattices; and${{\cal T}_m}$, the subclass of${\cal T}$which contains trees with branching bounded bym. We prove that${\cal E}{\cal S}$, the class of finite lattices with linear extensions, is a Ramsey class. We calculate Ramsey degrees for structures in${\cal S}$,${\cal T}$, and${{\cal T}_m}$. In addition to this we give a topological interpretation of our results and we apply our result to canonization of linear orderings on finite semilattices. In particular, we give an example of a Fraïssé class${\cal K}$which is not a Hrushovski class, and for which the automorphism group of the Fraïssé limit of${\cal K}$is not extremely amenable (with the infinite universal minimal flow) but is uniquely ergodic.
A PSEUDOEXPONENTIAL-LIKE STRUCTURE ON THE ALGEBRAIC NUMBERS
Authors: MANTOVA VINCENZO 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPseudoexponential fields are exponential fields similar to complex exponentiation which satisfy the Schanuel Property, i.e., the abstract statement of Schanuel’s Conjecture, and an adapted form of existential closure.Here we show that if we remove the Schanuel Property and just care about existential closure, it is possible to create several existentially closed exponential functions on the algebraic numbers that still have similarities with complex exponentiation. The main difficulties are related to the arithmetic of algebraic numbers, and they can be overcome with known results about specialisations of multiplicatively independent functions on algebraic varieties.
MATHIAS FORCING AND COMBINATORIAL COVERING PROPERTIES OF FILTERS
Authors: CHODOUNSKÝ DAVID , REPOVŠ DUŠAN , ZDOMSKYY LYUBOMYR 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe give topological characterizations of filters${\cal F}$onωsuch that the Mathias forcing${M_{\cal F}}$adds no dominating reals or preserves ground model unbounded families. This allows us to answer some questions of Brendle, Guzmán, Hrušák, Martínez, Minami, and Tsaban.
AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF COUNTABLE ARITHMETICALLY SATURATED MODELS OF PEANO ARITHMETIC
Authors: SCHMERL JAMES H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIf${\cal M},{\cal N}$are countable, arithmetically saturated models of Peano Arithmetic and${\rm{Aut}}\left( {\cal M} \right) \cong {\rm{Aut}}\left( {\cal N} \right)$, then the Turing-jumps of${\rm{Th}}\left( {\cal M} \right)$and${\rm{Th}}\left( {\cal N} \right)$are recursively equivalent.
ON THE SPLITTING NUMBER AT REGULAR CARDINALS
Authors: BEN-NERIA OMER , GITIK MOTI 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLetκ, λ be regular uncountable cardinals such that λ >κ+is not a successor of a singular cardinal of low cofinality. We construct a generic extension withs(κ) = λ starting from a ground model in whicho(κ) = λ and prove that assuming ¬0¶,s(κ) = λ implies thato(κ) ≥ λ in the core model.
SEPARABLE MODELS OF RANDOMIZATIONS
Authors: ANDREWS URI , KEISLER H. JEROME 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEvery complete first order theory has a corresponding complete theory in continuous logic, called the randomization theory. It has two sorts, a sort for random elements of models of the first order theory, and a sort for events. In this paper we establish connections between properties of countable models of a first order theory and corresponding properties of separable models of the randomization theory. We show that the randomization theory has a prime model if and only if the first order theory has a prime model. And the randomization theory has the same number of separable homogeneous models as the first order theory has countable homogeneous models. We also show that when T has at most countably many countable models, each separable model of TR is uniquely characterized by a probability density function on the set of isomorphism types of countable models of T. This yields an analogue for randomizations of the results of Baldwin and Lachlan on countable models of ω1-categorical first order theories.
COMPARING THE STRENGTH OF DIAGONALLY NONRECURSIVE FUNCTIONS IN THE ABSENCE OF INDUCTION
Authors: DORAIS FRANÇOIS G. , HIRST JEFFRY L. , SHAFER PAUL 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe prove that the statement “there is aksuch that for everyfthere is ak-bounded diagonally nonrecursive function relative tof” does not imply weak König’s lemma over${\rm{RC}}{{\rm{A}}_0} + {\rm{B\Sigma }}_2^0$. This answers a question posed by Simpson. A recursion-theoretic consequence is that the classic fact that everyk-bounded diagonally nonrecursive function computes a 2-bounded diagonally nonrecursive function may fail in the absence of${\rm{I\Sigma }}_2^0$.
RANDOMNESS IN THE HIGHER SETTING
Authors: CHONG C. T. , YU LIANG 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe study the strengths of various notions of higher randomness: (i) strong ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^1$randomness is separated from ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^1$randomness; (ii) the hyperdegrees of ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^1$random reals are closed downwards (except for the trivial degree); (iii) the reals z in $NC{R_{{\rm{\Pi }}_1^1}}$ are precisely those satisfying $z \in {L_{\omega _1^z}}$ and (iv) lowness for ${\rm{\Delta }}_1^1$randomness is strictly weaker than that for ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^1$randomness.
Research on Chinese Family Businesses: Perspectives
Authors: Li Xin Chun , Chen Ling , Chua Jess H. , Kirkman Bradley L. , Rynes-Weller Sara , Gomez-Mejia Luis 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis introduction traces the disappearance of Chinese family businesses from 1949 to 1978, their revival since then, and their future challenges. It then summarizes the three papers included in this Special Issue and proposes an agenda for family business studies in China. The article first focuses on the nonmarket social and political network strategies that these family-centered business organizations have had to adopt in order to overcome the difficulties they faced in accessing opportunities and resources as a result of Chinese culture's traditional low esteem for merchants and the government's continuing preference for a state-dominated economy. Family firms have so far been able to grow disproportionately rapidly in China's economy because, by leveraging the shared interests and dedication of immediate and extended family members, they have been able to achieve lower cost and higher efficiency, respond quickly to market changes, and expand social and political networks. These nonmarket strategies, however, also have a dark side. Furthermore, as the liberalization of China's economy deepens, competition must rely critically on market strategies such as innovation, alliances, and internationalization. The proposed research agenda addresses these future challenges as well as some research questions unique to Chinese family businesses.
‘We Should not Content Ourselves with a Sham’: The US Foreign Service and the Central American Elections of the Early 1930s
Authors: VAN DEN BERK JORRIT 
Published: December 2015

AbstractScholars have paid considerable attention to the connection between Washington's withdrawal from intervention and the emergence of dictatorship in Central America during the 1930s. The current article seeks to enhance our understanding of those interconnected developments through the investigation of the US Foreign Service and its role in the early 1930s presidential campaigns in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras. It shows that the dynamic interaction between actors in both Washington and Central America set in motion a process that would produce decades of authoritarian rule in the isthmus.
Resistance rather than tolerance explains survival of savannah honeybees (Apis mellifera scutellata) to infestation by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor
Authors: STRAUSS URSULA , DIETEMANN VINCENT , HUMAN HANNELIE , CREWE ROBIN M. , PIRK CHRISTIAN W. W. 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYVarroa destructor is considered the most damaging parasite affecting honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). However, some honeybee populations such as the savannah honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata) can survive mite infestation without treatment. It is unclear if survival is due to resistance mechanisms decreasing parasite reproduction or to tolerance mechanisms decreasing the detrimental effects of mites on the host. This study investigates both aspects by quantifying the reproductive output of V. destructor and its physiological costs at the individual host level. Costs measured were not consistently lower when compared with susceptible honeybee populations, indicating a lack of tolerance. In contrast, reproduction of V. destructor mites was distinctly lower than in susceptible populations. There was higher proportion of infertile individuals and the reproductive success of fertile mites was lower than measured to date, even in surviving populations. Our results suggest that survival of savannah honeybees is based on resistance rather than tolerance to this parasite. We identified traits that may be useful for breeding programmes aimed at increasing the survival of susceptible populations. African honeybees may have benefited from a lack of human interference, allowing natural selection to shape a population of honeybees that is more resistant to Varroa mite infestation.
Family care-giving and living arrangements of functionally impaired elders in rural China
Authors: GRUIJTERS ROB J. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTChina has seen a rapid decline of the traditional multi-generational household and an increase in rural-to-urban migration, raising concerns about a possible breakdown of the informal support system. Against this background, the paper looks at family care-giving (or the absence thereof) to parents in three different living arrangements: with any child or child-in-law (co-resident); independent with at least one child living in the same community (networked); and without any children in either the household or the community (isolated). It also compares the care-giving arrangements of single elders to those living with a spouse. The sample, which is derived from the comprehensive China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), contains data on 887 functionally impaired individuals aged 60 and above. The findings suggest that married parents are mostly cared for by their spouse, even if they co-reside with adult children. Proximity to children is particularly important for single elders, who are more likely to lack a care-giver when living independently. There appears to be a hierarchy in family care responsibilities, where children step in as care-givers only when the spouse is no longer able to fulfil this role. While these findings imply a significant deviation from traditional practices and norms of ‘filial piety’, they can be interpreted as a rational adaptation to the changed economic circumstances in rural China.
Model risk – daring to open up the black box
Authors: Aggarwal A. , Beck M. B. , Cann M. , Ford T. , Georgescu D. , Morjaria N. , Smith A. , Taylor Y. , Tsanakas A. , Witts L. , Ye I. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWith the increasing use of complex quantitative models in applications throughout the financial world, model risk has become a major concern. Such risk is generated by the potential inaccuracy and inappropriate use of models in business applications, which can lead to substantial financial losses and reputational damage. In this paper, we deal with the management and measurement of model risk. First, a model risk framework is developed, adapting concepts such as risk appetite, monitoring, and mitigation to the particular case of model risk. The usefulness of such a framework for preventing losses associated with model risk is demonstrated through case studies. Second, we investigate the ways in which different ways of using and perceiving models within an organisation both lead to different model risks. We identify four distinct model cultures and argue that in conditions of deep model uncertainty, each of those cultures makes a valuable contribution to model risk governance. Thus, the space of legitimate challenges to models is expanded, such that, in addition to a technical critique, operational and commercial concerns are also addressed. Third, we discuss through the examples of proxy modelling, longevity risk, and investment advice, common methods and challenges for quantifying model risk. Difficulties arise in mapping model errors to actual financial impact. In the case of irreducible model uncertainty, it is necessary to employ a variety of measurement approaches, based on statistical inference, fitting multiple models, and stress and scenario analysis.
The history of the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD) 1920–2014
Authors: Ellis Robert P. , Ellis L. Susanne Squires , Kohler Erwin M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe following history has been compiled and written by the authors. The historical facts are available from the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD) archives, dating back to letters and summaries written by the founders, and by a few of the Secretary-Treasurers from the early decades through 2014. The Organization and Purpose: The CRWAD is a non-profit organization and has been since its origin. The sole purpose of CRWAD is to discuss and disseminate the most current research advances in animal diseases. Graduate students and industry and academic professionals present and discuss the most recent advances on subjects of interest to the CRWAD and of importance to the global livestock and companion animal industries. The oral and poster abstracts of new and unpublished data presented at the meeting sessions are published each year in the CRWAD Proceedings (formerly the CRWAD Abstracts). CRWAD publishes, copyrights, and distributes the Proceedings. The presentations are arranged into the following 10 sections, according to the primary topic of the presentation: Bacterial Pathogenesis, Biosafety and Biosecurity, Companion Animal Epidemiology, Ecology and Management of Foodborne Agents, Epidemiology and Animal Health Economics, Immunology, Pathobiology of Enteric and Foodborne Pathogens, Respiratory Diseases, Vector-Borne and Parasitic Diseases, and Viral Pathogenesis. Prospective members should be actively engaged in animal disease research or research administration. Meeting information and membership applications may be obtained by contacting the Executive Director or by visiting the CRWAD website. Annual abstracts are currently available on-line at the On-line Meeting Planner and Itinerary Builder, with access through the CRWAD website.