bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navettes domicile-travail : naissance et développement d’un objet statistique structurant
Authors: Commenges Hadrien , Fen-Chong Julie 
Published: August 2017

Ce travail s’applique à retracer l’histoire des « navettes » ou « migrations alternantes » en tant qu’objet statistique. Nous partons du constat que l’objet navette, depuis sa naissance dans les années 1930, a pris une importance grandissante dans les études de géographie urbaine et de mobilité quotidienne. Alors que cet objet a très peu évolué dans son mode de production, son domaine de validité s’est considérablement étendu. Sur la base de ce constat, nous cherchons à comprendre les raisons de la montée en importance de cet objet statistique et nous analysons les constructions empiriques et théoriques sur lesquelles s’appuie l’extension de son domaine de validité. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que ces constructions ont façonné une certaine vision du territoire et de mobilité que nous qualifions de « salariale ». La navette est devenue au cours du XX e siècle l’objet qui traduit la structuration de l’espace, qui participe à la définition de son urbanité, qui résume les pratiques de mobilité et dessine les espaces de vie. A sa création, elle n’était pourtant destinée à aucune de ces tâches. Comment l’objet navette, dont le pouvoir descriptif et explicatif de la structuration de l’espace et de la mobilité quotidienne est apparemment limité, en est arrivé à occuper une situation de quasi-monopole en cette matière ?
Transferts et continuités de la politisation à l’Organisation mondiale de la santé : le cas des substituts du lait maternel
Authors: Guilbaud Auriane 
Published: August 2017

L’analyse des débats relatifs à l’alimentation des nourrissons par des substituts du lait maternel qui se sont tenus au sein de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé dès la fin des années 1960 permet de revenir sur les stratégies et techniques de (dé)politisation mobilisées par les ONG, les entreprises, les États, les bureaucraties des OI dans et autour de l’arène des organisations internationales. Les notions de politisation et dépolitisation sont utilisées ici dans le but d’éclairer le fonctionnement de l’OMS, au-delà de son caractère « technique » très souvent supposé, et de mettre en évidence les investissements dont elle fait l’objet, en particulier de la part d’acteurs non étatiques. Les trois stratégies identifiées – provoquer le conflit versus rechercher le consensus, aspirer à la publicisation versus au confinement, avoir recours à des principes idéologiques versus prôner une approche pragmatique – sont mises en œuvre par différentes techniques (recours à des représentants politiques, à des experts, à des arguments scientifiques ou techniques, à des médias) et de manière différenciée selon les types d’acteurs. Moment structurant pour l’OMS, la question des substituts du lait maternel a suscité des effets d’entraînement de la politisation, désormais permanente avec un élargissement sectoriel à de nouvelles thématiques.
Traditions comportementales et capitalisme dynastique. Le cas des « grandes familles »
Authors: Hau Michel 
Published: August 2017

Au sommet de la bourgeoisie se trouvent les « grandes familles ». Elles se distinguent non seulement par leur richesse pécuniaire, mais encore par le grand nombre de leurs membres parvenus à un certain prestige social. L’étude d’un échantillon représentatif des plus anciennes d’entre elles révèle qu’elles appartiennent généralement au monde germanique, que leur structure est celle de la famille souche, qu’elles ont pour origine le patriciat de petites villes libres de l’Europe médiévale, et qu’elles sont de confession protestante ou juive. Leur réussite repose sur la transmission, par l’éducation, d’un capital comportemental doté d’une grande utilité adaptative dans une ère de progrès technique rapide.
Immune Protection by a Cytomegalovirus Vaccine Vector Expressing a Single Low-Avidity Epitope
Authors: Borkner Lisa , Sitnik Katarzyna M. , Dekhtiarenko Iryna , Pulm Ann-Kathrin , Tao Ronny , Drexler Ingo , Cicin-Sain Luka 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Experimental CMV-based vaccine vectors expressing a single MHC class I–restricted high-avidity epitope provided strong, T cell–dependent protection against viruses or tumors. In this study we tested the low-avidity epitope KCSRNRQYL, and show that a mouse CMV (MCMV) vector provides complete immune control of recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the same epitope if KCSRNRQYL is expressed within the immediate-early MCMV gene ie2. The same epitope expressed within the early M45 gene provided no protection, although MCMV vectors expressing the high-avidity epitope SSIEFARL induced protective immunity irrespective of gene expression context. Immune protection was matched by Ag-induced, long-term expansion of effector memory CD8 T cells, regardless of epitope avidity. We explained this pattern by observing regularities in Ag competition, where responses to high-avidity epitopes outcompeted weaker ones expressed later in the replicative cycle of the virus. Conversely, robust and early expression of a low-avidity epitope compensated its weak intrinsic antigenicity, resulting in strong and sustained immunity and immune protection.
Lamtor1 Is Critically Required for CD4+ T Cell Proliferation and Regulatory T Cell Suppressive Function
Authors: Hosokawa Takashi , Kimura Tetsuya , Nada Shigeyuki , Okuno Tatsusada , Ito Daisuke , Kang Sujin , Nojima Satoshi , Yamashita Kazuya , Nakatani Takeshi , Hayama Yoshitomo , Kato Yasuhiro , Kinehara Yuhei , Nishide Masayuki , Mikami Norihisa , Koyama Syohei , Takamatsu Hyota , Okuzaki Daisuke , Ohkura Naganari , Sakaguchi Shimon , Okada Masato , Kumanogoh Atsushi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)1 integrates intracellular sufficiency of nutrients and regulates various cellular functions. Previous studies using mice with conditional knockout of mTORC1 component proteins (i.e., mTOR, Raptor, and Rheb) gave conflicting results on the roles of mTORC1 in CD4+ T cells. Lamtor1 is the protein that is required for amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1; however, the roles of Lamtor1 in T cells have not been investigated. In this article, we show that Lamtor1-deficient CD4+ T cells exhibited marked reductions in proliferation, IL-2 production, mTORC1 activity, and expression of purine- and lipid-synthesis genes. Polarization of Th17 cells, but not Th1 and Th2 cells, diminished following the loss of Lamtor1. Accordingly, CD4-Cre–driven Lamtor1-knockout mice exhibited reduced numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at rest, and they were completely resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In contrast, genetic ablation of Lamtor1 in Foxp3+ T cells resulted in severe autoimmunity and premature death. Lamtor1-deficient regulatory T cells survived ex vivo as long as wild-type regulatory T cells; however, they exhibited a marked loss of suppressive function and expression of signature molecules, such as CTLA-4. These results indicate that Lamtor1 plays essential roles in CD4+ T cells. Our data suggest that Lamtor1 should be considered a novel therapeutic target in immune systems.
Cutting Edge: 2B4-Mediated Coinhibition of CD4+ T Cells Underlies Mortality in Experimental Sepsis
Authors: Chen Ching-wen , Mittal Rohit , Klingensmith Nathan J. , Burd Eileen M. , Terhorst Cox , Martin Greg S. , Coopersmith Craig M. , Ford Mandy L. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death in the United States, but the mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced immune dysregulation remain poorly understood. 2B4 (CD244, SLAM4) is a cosignaling molecule expressed predominantly on NK cells and memory CD8+ T cells that has been shown to regulate T cell function in models of viral infection and autoimmunity. In this article, we show that 2B4 signaling mediates sepsis lymphocyte dysfunction and mortality. 2B4 expression is increased on CD4+ T cells in septic animals and human patients at early time points. Importantly, genetic loss or pharmacologic inhibition of 2B4 significantly increased survival in a murine cecal ligation and puncture model. Further, CD4-specific conditional knockouts showed that 2B4 functions on CD4+ T cell populations in a cell-intrinsic manner and modulates adaptive and innate immune responses during sepsis. Our results illuminate a novel role for 2B4 coinhibitory signaling on CD4+ T cells in mediating immune dysregulation.
Effect of Hydrogen and Carbamide Peroxide in Bleaching, Enamel Morphology, and Mineral Composition: In vitro Study
Authors: Llena Carmen , Forner Leopoldo , Esteve Irene 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of the study was to evaluate the bleaching effect, morphological changes, and variations in calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) in the enamel with hydrogen peroxide (HP) and carbamide peroxide (CP) after the use of different application regimens.

Materials and methods
Four groups of five teeth were randomly assigned, according to the treatment protocol: HP 37.5% applied for 30 or 60 minutes (HP30, HP60), CP 16% applied for 14 or 28 hours (CP14, CP28). Changes in dental color were evaluated, according to the following formula: ΔE = [(La−Lb)2+(aa−ab)2 + (ba−bb)2]½. Enamel morphology and Ca and P compositions were evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscope and environmental scanning electron microscopy.

Results
ΔE HP30 was significantly greater than CP14 (10.37 ± 2.65/8.56 ± 1.40), but not between HP60 and CP28. HP60 shows greater morphological changes than HP30. No morphological changes were observed in the groups treated with CP. The reduction in Ca and P was significantly greater in HP60 than in CP28 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Both formulations improved tooth color; HP produced morphological changes and Ca and P a gradual decrease, while CP produced no morphological changes, and the decrease in mineral component was smaller.

Clinical significance
CP 16% applied during 2 weeks could be equally effective and safer for tooth whitening than to administer two treatment sessions with HP 37.5%.

How to cite this article
Llena C, Esteve I, Forner L. Effect of Hydrogen and Carbamide Peroxide in Bleaching, Enamel Morphology, and Mineral Composition: In vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):576-582.
Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Three Calcium Phosphate on Enamel Microhardness
Authors: Haghgou En HR , Haghgoo Roza , Roholahi Mohamad R , Ghorbani Zahra 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study aims to investigate the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and three calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP and TCP) on increasing the microhardness of human enamel after induction of erosion.

Materials and methods
A total of 26 healthy human-impacted third molar teeth were chosen, and their hardness measured using a microhardness testing machine. The samples were immersed in Coca Cola (pH = 4.7) for 8 minutes. Then, microhardness was measured again, and these samples were randomly divided into four groups (two control groups and two experimental groups). (1) Negative control group: Artificial saliva was used for 10 minutes, (2) positive control group: Fluoride gel was used for 10 minutes, (3) β-TCP group: TCP was used for 10 minutes, (4) CCP-ACP group: CCP-ACP was used for 10 minutes. The final microhardness of those samples was measured, and the changes in microhardness of teeth within group and between groups were analyzed using the paired and analysis of variance tests respectively. Results were considered statistically significant at a level of p < 0.05.

Results
No significant difference was observed in microhardness between CPP-ACP group and TCP group (p = 0.368) during the time microhardness significantly dropped after soaking in soda.

Conclusion
Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and TCP increased the microhardness of teeth. The increase in hardness in the TCP group was higher than in the CPP-ACP group, but this difference was not significant (p = 0.36).

Clinical significance
Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and TCP can affect the remineralization of erosive lesions.

How to cite this article
Haghgou EHR, Haghgoo R, Roholahi MR, Ghorbani Z. Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Three Calcium Phosphate on Enamel Microhardness. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):583-586.
Preserving the Bone Profile in Anterior Maxilla using an Equine Cortical Bone Membrane and an Equine Enzyme-treated Bone Graft: A Case Report with 5-year Follow-up
Authors: Stefano Danilo Alessio Di , Garagiola Umberto , Bassi Mirko A 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study aimed to report a well-succeeded use of equine enzyme-deantigenic cortical membrane and bone granules for guided bone regeneration (GBR) in the esthetic zone concomitant with implant placement.

Background
In the anterior maxilla, where patients typically have the highest expectations for implant-supported restorations, bone resorption in the wake of tooth loss often leads to a lack of soft tissue support and ultimately to unsatisfactory esthetic results. Buccal bone augmentation at the time of implant placement has thus become common. This is usually accomplished following GBR principles and employing membranes made from various materials to serve as a barrier between the soft tissue and graft material. One of the more recently introduced membrane materials is made from thin, flexible equine cortical bone, i.e., rendered nonantigenic in an enzymatic process that preserves native bone collagen.

Case report
This report describes the treatment of a patient who received an equine enzyme-deantigenic graft and membrane in conjunction with placement of an implant in the right maxillary lateral incisor site.

Conclusion
After 5 years of follow-up, the patient was very satisfied with her appearance. A cone-beam computed tomography scan showed that the peri-implant bone levels and ridge thickness had been maintained, and the cortical layer in the pristine ridge had also undergone remodeling.

Clinical significance
Guided bone regeneration with the concomitant use of enzyme-deantigenic membrane and graft is a valuable and suitable option for effective implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation in the esthetic zone.

How to cite this article
Di Stefano DA, Garagiola U, Bassi MA. Preserving the Bone Profile in Anterior Maxilla using an Equine Cortical Bone Membrane and an Equine Enzyme-treated Bone Graft: A Case Report with 5-year Follow-up. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):614-621.
Phytotherapeutical implications in pain perception - focusing on schizophrenia
Authors: Antioch Iulia , Ciobica Alin , Compaore Moussa , Hilou Adama , Kiendrebeogo Martin , Foyet Harquin , Guenné Samson 
Published: August 2017

<p>Schizophrenia is an extremely complex psychiatric disease where perception of pain is altered, varying from abolition to lack of any kind of changes compared to normal controls and even hypersensitivity. In this way, the hypothesis of amending schizophrenia through pain therapy enhanced the importance of pain medication. But managing pain phenomenon in schizophrenia has large and unknown implications. Nevertheless, pharmacological interactions between the medications for these two entities are unknown and most likely would have a lot of side-effects and therefore ethnopharmacological methods became once again an interesting option.</p><p> Traditional medicine wisdom was followed in the pursuit of finding connections between ancient knowledge and current scientific proven facts.</p><p>To our best of knowledge, this is the first time when pain, plants and schizophrenia are discussed together. In this way, it seems that by replacing fully synthesized chemical products, the risk of side-effects decreases. Also, it appears that some plants besides treating pain may have curing effects on the psychotic activities in schizophrenia.</p><p>Therefore, through this mini-review we emphasized on the advantages of the ethonopharmacological approaches in pain conditions in the context of schizophrenia, but also highlighted some cases of inappropriate usage of plants in traditional therapy.</p>
Comparative studies on antisickling properties of brown and green leaves of <em>Carica papaya</em> Linn. (Caricaceae)
Authors: Ajayi Glory Oluremilekun , Maria Ogun Olupelumi 
Published: August 2017

<p>Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is characterised by non-covalent polymerisation of the haemoglobin under hypoxia conditions and this promotes red blood cell sickling. Inhibition of sickle cell haemoglobin polymerization is one of the areas of focus in the management of SCD. Dried <em>Carica papaya</em> leaves are used in traditional herbal remedies for the management of sickle cell anaemia; without specifying if it is the dried green or brown leaf.</p><p> This study was aimed at verifying the antisickling activity of the crude aqueous extract, crude methanol extract and fractions of dried brown and green leaves of <em>Carica papaya</em>.</p><p>The method used was the sickle cell haemoglobin polymerization inhibition experiment<strong> </strong>measured with the Ultra Violet (UV) spectrophotometer. Sodium metabisulphite was used as a deoxygenating agent while isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) was used as the negative control and phenylalanine as a positive control. The results obtained showed that crude aqueous extracts of both the green and brown leaves exhibited high level of inhibition of sickled haemoglobin (HbSS) polymerization at 200 mg/ml (97.76% and 93.25% ), 100 mg/ml (95.89% and 97.93%) also, 50 mg/ml (97.89% and 95.84%) respectively which compared favourably and significantly (p&lt;0.05) with that of phenylalanine.</p><p>The summary of the antisickling activity of the crude extracts and fractions of both the green leaves and brown leaves of <em>C. papaya</em> is Crude aqueous&gt;Crude aqueous methanol&gt; Butanol&gt;Chloroform&gt;Ethyl acetate&gt;Aqueous. This study showed that the extracts exhibited the potential of inhibiting polymerization of sickle cell haemoglobin thus would be beneficial in the management of sickle cell disease.</p>
Phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant assay of ethanolic extracts of traditional medicinal plants (<em>Ferula assafoetida, Saussurea costus, Peganum harmala</em>) in oman
Authors: Reddy S Hemadri , Al-Weheib Aysha , Al Shekaili Halima , Al-Naabi Rehab 
Published: August 2017

<p><em>Ferula assafoetida, Saussurea costus</em> and <em>Peganum harmala</em> are considered an important traditional folk medicines in Oman, extracts of these plants were screened for assessing bioactive phytochemical constituents and their antioxidant property. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated to explore the reliable and potential sources of novel natural antioxidants. Preliminary phytochemical screening of different plant extracts and phytochemical investigation showed variations in the presence and amount of active ingredients. All the fractions of <em>P.harmala</em>, <em>S.costus and F.assafoetida have </em>flavonoid and phenolic compounds, whereas, the highest amount was found in <em>F.assafoetida which was </em>0.370, 0.053 mg/ml respectively. Under antioxidant study the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> free radical scavenging potential and Phosphomolybdate assay were studied <em>in vitro</em> for the determination of antioxidant activity. However <em>S. costus</em> extract showed the highest scavenging percentages 89%. In Phosphomolybdate assay <em>Ferula assafoetida </em>has a very good antioxidant potential due to phenolic and flavonoid components.</p>
Neither Privatization nor Politicization: Alternative Social Formations and Norms in Isaac Breuer and Mordecai Kaplan
Authors: Brafman Yonatan Yisrael 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In view of both theoretical and practical problems resulting from an almost exclusive focus on the state as a social formation and its laws as valid social norms, this article analyzes the thought of Isaac Breuer (1883–1946) and Mordecai Kaplan (1881–1983). It argues that both, in different ways, decenter the state by constructing accounts of Jewish social formations that neither privatize Judaism as a religious congregation nor politicize it as a state. Correspondingly, each of them develops an account of Jewish norms that neither distorts them by modeling them on state law nor truncates them by interpreting them as religious ritual.
Secularization and the Logic of the Law
Authors: Rashkover Randi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article investigates and interrogates the profile of the privatization of religious life evident in secularization theory and, more particularly, the notion that religions have lost their normative hold on their adherents. Drawing from the work of Gillian Rose and Joseph Soloveitchik, the article demonstrates how this version of the secularization thesis performs an unjust disregard for the character of normative reflection possible within a certain account of the logic of Jewish legal thought.
Rabbinic Commentaries on Genesis 34 and the Construction of Rape Myths
Authors: Ruit Gavi S. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article examines the intersection of Judaism and rape culture by investigating the Jewish commentaries on a biblical rape story (Gen 34) for reflections of rape myth. The exegeses on Genesis 34 are well suited to this endeavor because, in the biblical story, the victim Dinah is mostly passive and entirely silent. She is a neutral figure, a screen upon which commentators project the thoughts or behavior they ascribe to her. Additionally, the word generally translated as “rape” (innah) can have a range of meanings, which gives the commentators greater latitude to project their own values and anxieties onto the text. As this article demonstrates, rape myth ideology enters Jewish tradition during the rabbinic era and is absent prior to that period.
O Espelho da História: práticas patrimonialistas e transformações na paisagem urbana de Viçosa (1980-2010)
Authors: Civale Leonardo , Martins Walkíria Maria Freitas 
Published: August 2017

Ao final do século XX e início do século XXI, as paisagens urbanas modificadas, após anos de atividades industriais, vêm passando por um processo de reconfiguração. As ações nos centros urbanos foram projetadas pelos interesses do capital ou por decisões de políticas públicas. Os grupos dominantes optam por reconstruir as paisagens urbanas ditas degradas, levando em consideração os interesses do capital e o narcisismo de memórias coletivas previamente selecionadas. Portanto, a construção, reconstrução ou preservação de paisagens urbanas é, na realidade, um campo aberto, de conflito acirrado, de discussão apaixonada e veleidades estéticas entre os diferentes grupos que habitam o mesmo espaço. Tal fato reforça a importância do estudo da dimensão simbólica nas paisagens urbanas. Este trabalho analisa as políticas patrimoniais do município de Viçosa, entre os anos de 1980 e 2010 e tem o objetivo de interpretar as discussões e os discursos relacionados ao patrimônio, que modelaram a paisagem da cidade.
Portfolio, refleksion og feedback
Authors: Qvortrup Ane , Hansen Jens Jørgen , Christensen Inger-Marie Falgren 
Published: August 2017

Denne leder definerer indledningsvist begrebet portfolio og gør rede for anvendelsesmuligheder i en uddannelseskontekst. Dernæst behandles portfoliometodens kvalitet og effekt for læring og undervisning og de centrale begreber refleksion, progression og feedback præsenteres og diskuteres. Herefter listes teknologier, der understøtter portfolioens opbygning og brug og implikationerne forbundet med valg af teknologi diskuteres kort. Afslutningsvist præsenteres temanummerets 5 artikler, der endvidere er inddraget undervejs i lederen som eksemplificering af de præsenterede begreber og teknologier.