bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addendum to Aniline [BAT Value Documentation 2015]
Authors: Bolt H.M. , Leng G. , Drexler H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the BAT value (biological tolerance value) for aniline, considering aniline in urine to characterise the internal exposure and the methaemoglobin formation as critical effect. Available publications as well as unpublished study reports are described in detail.

In a new chamber study, 19 individuals were exposed to the present MAK‐value of 2 ml
3
for 6 hours with defined physical activity. The background level of methaemoglobin was 0.7 ± 0.2%. At the end of exposure, an increase of up to 1.2 ± 0.3% (range 0.8–2.1%) was observed. The mean excretion of aniline in urine after hydrolysis at the end of exposure was 168 ± 52 µg/l (range 79.5–418 µg/l).

The BAT‐value relates to an air concentration of 2 ml/m
3
and a methaemoglobin level of 5%. Considering this study, a BAT‐value of 500 µg aniline (after hydrolysis)/l urine was evaluated. This value is a maximum concentration because of acute toxic effects of methaemoglobin. Sampling time is at the end of exposure or the end of the working shift.

For the hemoglobin adduct of aniline, a BLW (“Biologischer Leitwert”) of 100 µg aniline (released from aniline‐haemoglobin conjugate)/l blood was evaluated based on occupational‐medical experiences in field studies.
Methyl bromide [MAK Value Documentation, 2016]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2017

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the developmental toxicity of methyl bromide [
74‐83‐9
]. Available unpublished study reports and publications are described in detail. The maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of methyl bromide is 1 ml/m
3
, based on the irritant effect on the upper respiratory tract.

NOAECs for prenatal developmental toxicity in rats and rabbits were 70 ml/m
3
and 40 ml/m
3
, respectively. NOAELs of 30 and 10 mg/kg body weight and day in rats and rabbits, respectively, were obtained in gavage studies, corresponding to 14 and 8 ml/m
3
after scaling to a concentration at the workplace. Thus, there is an adequate margin between NOAEC/L for developmental toxicity and the MAK value.

However, methyl bromide is a neurotoxin and no data on developmental neurotoxicity exist. In adult mice and rats, neurotoxic symptoms like convulsions and paralysis of the hind limbs are observed. In a two‐generation study the adult F0 and F1 generations do not show such neurotoxic effects at 90 ml/m
3
, which would have been expected particularly in the F1‐animals, who have a longer exposure time which included complete gestation. It can be inferred that offspring are not more sensitive to the neurotoxicity of methyl bromide than adults. Thus, damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely when the MAK value is observed and methyl bromide is re‐assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group C.
Identifying signatures of positive selection in pigmentation genes in two South Asian populations
Authors: Jonnalagadda Manjari , Bharti Neeraj , Patil Yatish , Ozarkar Shantanu , K Sunitha Manjari , Joshi Rajendra , Norton Heather 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesSkin pigmentation is a polygenic trait showing wide phenotypic variations among global populations. While numerous pigmentation genes have been identified to be under positive selection among European and East populations, genes contributing to phenotypic variation in skin pigmentation within and among South Asian populations are still poorly understood. The present study uses data from the Phase 3 of the 1000 genomes project focusing on two South Asian populations—GIH (Gujarati Indian from Houston, Texas) and ITU (Indian Telugu from UK), so as to decode the genetic architecture involved in adaptation to ultraviolet radiation in South Asian populations.METHODSStatistical tests included were (1) tests to identify deviations of the Site Frequency Spectrum (SFS) from neutral expectations (Tajima's D, Fay and Wu's H and Fu and Li's D* and F*), (2) tests focused on the identification of high‐frequency haplotypes with extended linkage disequilibrium (iHS and Rsb), and (3) tests based on genetic differentiation between populations (LSBL).RESULTSTwenty‐two pigmentation genes fall in the top 1% for at least one statistic in the GIH population, 5 of which (LYST, OCA2, SLC24A5, SLC45A2, and TYR) have been previously associated with normal variation in skin, hair, or eye color. In comparison, 17 genes fall in the top 1% for at least one statistic in the ITU population. Twelve loci which are identified as outliers in the ITU scan were also identified in the GIH population.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that selection may have affected these loci broadly across the region.
Chemische und biologische Aspekte von “Nutritional Immunity” – Perspektiven für neue Antiinfektiva mit Fokus auf bakterielle Eisenaufnahmesysteme
Authors: Bilitewski Ursula , Blodgett Joshua A. V. , Duhme‐Klair Anne‐Kathrin , Dallavalle Sabrina , Laschat Sabine , Routledge Anne , Schobert Rainer 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEine der Verteidigungsstrategien eines Wirtes gegen bakterielle Infektionen ist der Entzug essentieller Metallionen, insbesondere von Eisenionen, durch Komplexierung. Dies wird als Nährstoffimmunität (“nutritional immunity”) bezeichnet. Bakterien haben jedoch Strategien zur Anpassung an den Eisenmangel entwickelt. Sie “stehlen” zum Beispiel Eisen vom Wirt oder von anderen Bakterien durch spezifische Chelatoren mit einer hohen Affinität für Eisen. Die komplexen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Wirt und Pathogen zur Homöostase von Metallionen bieten zahlreiche Angriffspunkte für die Entwicklung neuer antibakterieller Wirkstoffe. Dieser Aufsatz ist auf Prozesse mit Eisenbeteiligung fokussiert. Es werden die neuesten Entwicklungen und mögliche Perspektiven für die Entwicklung von Antibiotikaresistenzen diskutiert.
Mechanical properties of biaxially strained poly(l‐lactide) tubes: Strain rate and temperature dependence
Authors: Løvdal Alexandra Liv Vest , Andreasen Jens W. , Mikkelsen Lars P. , Agersted Karsten , Almdal Kristoffer 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) is a bioabsorbable polymer with high stiffness and strength compared to the other commercially available bioabsorbable polymers. The properties of PLLA can be improved by straining, causing deformation‐mediated molecular orientation. PLLA tubes were biaxially strained above their Tg for improvement of their strength, in a two‐step process (sequential straining). Mechanical properties and crystal morphology were investigated as a function of processing strain rate and temperature. DSC revealed that a low processing strain rate allows molecular chain relaxation in the direction of strain and the crystallization is suppressed. Faster strain rates on the other hand suppress chain relaxation, and results in crystalline tubes. The mechanical properties are influenced by both processing strain rate and temperature. Low strain rates allow chain relaxation resulting in the lowest strength and stiffness, whereas a larger stiffness and strength is achieved by increasing strain rate and temperature. Isotropic mechanical properties are only observed at high processing strain rates. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45192.
Divergent Total Syntheses of (−)‐Huperzine Q, (+)‐Lycopladine B, (+)‐Lycopladine C, and (−)‐4‐epi‐Lycopladine D
Authors: Hong Benke , Hu Dachao , Wu Jinbao , Zhang Jing , Li Houhua , Pan Yingming , Lei Xiaoguang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe report herein our synthetic efforts towards the divergent syntheses of (−)‐huperzine Q (1), (+)‐lycopladine B (2), (+)‐lycopladine C (3), and (−)‐lycopladine D (4). The 10‐step total synthesis of (−)‐huperzine Q (1) and the first total syntheses of (+)‐lycopladines B (2) and C (3) were accomplished through a series of cascade reactions. Our approach involved a Michael addition/aldol/intramolecular C‐alkylation sequence to forge the 6/9 spirocycle ring, and this was followed by an ethylene‐accelerated carbonyl–olefin metathesis to construct the common 6/5/9 ring system. Finally, late‐stage enamine bromofunctionalization enabled us to access (−)‐huperzine Q (1), (+)‐lycopladine B (2), and (+)‐lycopladine C (3), and a tandem C4‐epimerization/retro‐Claisen condensation furnished (−)‐4‐epi‐lycopladine D (63).
Analysis of the Magnetic Entropy in Oxygen Reduction Reactions Catalysed by Manganite Perovskites
Authors: Gracia Jose , Munarriz Julen , Polo Victor , Sharpe Ryan , Jiao Yunzhe , Niemantsverdriet J. W. (Hans) , Lim Tingbin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractManganese oxides with a half‐metallic ground state are particularly active for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) perovskite is the archetypal example for compositions with a Curie temperature (TC) above room temperature and with a high intrinsic activity for the partial reduction of triplet‐state O2. The ferromagnetic (FM) character of the superexchange interactions in LSMO facilitates both charge and spin transport below 370 K. Other than the enhanced electronic conductivity, the reduced spin entropy seems to be relevant in oxygen catalysis because the magnetic ordering extends to the surface. The sign of the exchange interactions determines the adsorption of the triplet oxygen molecule with its spin antiparallel to the FM catalysts. Based on the transition‐state theory, we report that on LSMO, the hindrance resulting from the magnetic entropy for the initial reduction of O2 by two antiparallel electrons to diamagnetic intermediates (such H2O2) is minimum. On the other hand, the additional reduction of H2O2 to H2O, diamagnetic steps, prefers paramagnetic catalysts with higher magnetic entropy such as La0.4Sr0.6MnO3 to avoid spin accumulation.
Preyssler Heteropolyacids in the Self‐Etherification of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 5,5′‐[Oxybis(methylene)]bis‐2‐furfural Under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Páez Alexander , Rojas Hugo A. , Portilla Omar , Sathicq Gabriel , Afonso Carlos A. M. , Romanelli Gustavo P. , Martínez José J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of 5,5′‐[oxybis(methylene)]bis‐2‐furfural (OBMF) from 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) was studied using bulk and alumina‐supported Preyssler heteropolyacids (HPAs). The formation of OBMF was related to the amount of Brønsted acid sites, and the lowest yield of OBMF was obtained with supported HPAs. However, the Lewis acidity of the HPA supported on Al2O3 favored the formation of 2,5‐dimethylfurane. The effects of solvent, catalyst loading, temperature, and reaction time on the selectivity to OBMF from 5‐HMF were studied to optimize OBMF production using bulk Preyssler HPAs; a yield of 84 % to OBMF was obtained at 5 h and 343 K. These results demonstrate that bulk Preyssler HPA is a good candidate for OBMF synthesis under mild reaction conditions.
High‐Temperature Crystal Structure and Chemical Bonding in Thermoelectric Germanium Selenide (GeSe)
Authors: Sist Mattia , Gatti Carlo , Nørby Peter , Cenedese Simone , Kasai Hidetaka , Kato Kenichi , Iversen Bo B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe discovery of the ultra‐high thermoelectric figure of merit of 2.6 in SnSe has drawn attention to other lead‐free IV‐VI orthorhombic semiconductors. GeSe has been predicted to possess thermoelectric performances comparable to SnSe. Here, a complete structural study is reported of GeSe with temperature by means of high‐resolution synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction. In the orthorhombic phase, the evolution of the bond distances with temperature is shown to deviate significantly with respect to SnSe. Analysis of the chemical bonding within the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules shows that GeSe is ionic with van der Waals interlayer interactions. The signature of the N shell lone pair of Ge is also evident from both the electron density Laplacian and the ELF topologies.
Breast cancer stage variation and survival in association with insurance status and sociodemographic factors in US women 18 to 64 years old
Authors: Hsu Christine D. , Wang Xiaoyan , Habif David V. , Ma Cynthia X. , Johnson Kimberly J. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDFew population‐based studies have examined the association between health insurance status and breast cancer stage at diagnosis and survival. The degree to which sociodemographic characteristics explain this association is also unclear. This study examined associations between insurance status and sociodemographic characteristics and stage at diagnosis and survival.METHODSUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries database, we identified 52,048 women aged 18 to 64 years who were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2007 and 2008. Associations between insurance status and sociodemographic variables and stage at diagnosis and survival were examined with logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs), and associated confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTSThe odds of a later stage breast cancer diagnosis were increased in women with Medicaid (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 2.19‐2.55) and no insurance (OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 2.29‐3.04) versus private insurance, in women who had reported black race (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.09‐1.28) versus white race, in women who were unmarried (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.18‐1.33) versus married at diagnosis, and in women who were 18 to 39 years old (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.18‐1.41) versus 40 to 64 years old at diagnosis. The hazard of breast cancer death was increased in association with Medicaid (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.30‐1.51) and no insurance (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.41‐1.84) versus private insurance, with reported black race (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.29‐1.50) versus reported white race, and with being unmarried (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.12‐1.27) versus being married.CONCLUSIONSInsurance status at diagnosis and sociodemographic factors are associated with breast cancer mortality. Factors underlying these associations warrant further study. Cancer 2017;123:3125–31. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Thyroid cancer incidence among Asian immigrants to Ontario, Canada: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Shah Baiju R. , Griffiths Rebecca , Hall Stephen F. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDThe highest rates of thyroid cancer are observed in Pacific Island nations as well as Australia and Asian countries bordering the Pacific. The objective of this study was to determine the risk for thyroid cancer among immigrants to Canada from Southeast and East Asia compared with immigrants from other regions and nonimmigrants.METHODSThis was a population‐based, longitudinal cohort study using health care administrative data to examine all residents of Ontario without pre‐existing thyroid cancer. Individuals were followed from January 1997 or 5 years after they became eligible for health care coverage in Ontario, whichever came later. Patients were followed until March 2015 for incident‐differentiated thyroid cancer, and then for recurrence.RESULTSThe study followed 14,659,733 individuals for a median of 17 years. Thyroid cancer incidence was 43.8 cases per 100,000 person‐years among Southeast Asian immigrants, 28.6 cases per 100,000 person‐years among East Asian immigrants, 21.5 cases per 100,000 person‐years among other immigrants, and 14.5 cases per 100,000 person‐years among nonimmigrants. Incidence was highest among immigrants from the Philippines (52.7 cases per 100,000 person‐years), South Korea (33.5 cases per 100,000 person‐years), and China (30.0 cases per 100,000 person‐years). Adjusted hazard ratios for thyroid cancer compared with nonimmigrants were 2.66 (95% confidence interval, 2.48‐2.84) for Southeast Asian immigrants, 1.87 (95% confidence interval, 1.75‐2.00) for East Asian immigrants, and 1.51 (95% confidence interval, 1.45‐1.57) for other immigrants. Immigrants were more likely to have papillary histology and stage I cancer. East Asian immigrants, but not Southeast Asian immigrants, had a lower risk of recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.73 [95% confidence interval, 0.57‐0.94] and 1.01 [95% confidence interval, 0.81‐1.26], respectively).CONCLUSIONSImmigrants from Southeast and East Asia had markedly higher thyroid cancer incidence than nonimmigrants. At particularly elevated risk were immigrants from the Philippines, South Korea, and China. Cancer 2017;123:3320‐5. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Electrospun CuO Nanofibers: Stable Nanostructures for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Einert Marcus , Weller Tobias , Leichtweiß Thomas , Smarsly Bernd M. , Marschall Roland 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA novel synthetic approach for the electrospinning of CuO nanofibers was applied to produce fibrous CuO photocathodes, calcined at different temperatures, in order to evaluate the impact of crystallinity and defect sites on solar‐driven photoelectrochemistry. By careful optimization of the preparation conditions, stable electrospinning was achieved, allowing the fabrication of large quantities of highly crystalline, uniform CuO nanofibers. The as‐spun fibers were calcined at 300 °C, 400 °C, 550 °C, and 800 °C in air, and their crystallographic and structural evolution was systematically characterized. The correlation of the physicochemical properties with the photoelectrochemical performance of CuO nanofiber photocathodes reveals a structure–property relationship: The higher the annealing temperature, the more developed are the crystalline domains of the nanofibers, which in turn result in better conductivity and less defect sites serving as trap states for the photo‐excited charge carriers. Thus, the CuO nanofiber photocathodes annealed at 800 °C showed the highest photoresponse and stability of the photocathodes reported herein, with no loss of photocurrent after prolonged operation in an aqueous electrolyte. Further improvement of the CuO photocathodes was realized by increasing the film thickness leading to photocurrents up to −0.16 mA at 0.4 V vs. RHE, however the stability of the thick photocathode remains a critical issue.
Developing Green Performance Through Supply Chain Agility in Manufacturing Industry: A Case Study Approach
Authors: Mirghafoori Seyed Habibollah , Andalib Davood , Keshavarz Parisa 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGlobal environmental issues have changed over time. For a company to survive, it is necessary to attract enough customers to generate profitability and because of high uncertainty in the environment, it requires a more rapid response to the needs of customers. Changing competitive conditions and increasing levels of environmental complexity have caused companies to consider agility conception. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the positive effects of supply chain agility on green performance in the Yazd ceramic tile manufacturing industry. To achieve this goal, after studying the literature review of each variable, a conceptual model with seven hypotheses was proposed. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore these relationships. Thus, according to the findings of this study, supply chain agility positively influences green performance by mediating organizational strategy, customer satisfaction, and financial performance. Additionally, development of this relationship involves improvement in applying new technology (agility), setting goals (strategy), solving consumer problems (customer satisfaction), profitability (financial performance), and environmental policies (green performance). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Interconnected 3 D Network of Graphene‐Oxide Nanosheets Decorated with Carbon Dots for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Li Ming , Dong Hanwu , Liu Yingliang , Hu Hang , Cai Yijin , Liang Yeru , Xiao Yong , Zheng Mingtao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInterconnected 3 D nanosheet networks of reduced graphene oxide decorated with carbon dots (rGO/CDs) are successfully fabricated through a simple one‐pot hydrothermal process. The as‐prepared rGO/CDs present appropriate 3 D interconnectivity and abundant stable oxygen‐containing functional groups, to which we can attribute the excellent electrochemical performance such as high specific capacitance, good rate capability, and great cycling stability. Employed as binder‐free electrodes for supercapacitors, the resulting rGO/CDs exhibit excellent long‐term cycling stability (ca. 92 % capacitance retention after 20 000 charge/discharge cycles at current density of 10 A g−1) as well as a maximum specific capacitance of about 308 F g−1 at current density of 0.5 A g−1, which is much higher than that of rGO (200 F g−1) and CDs (2.2 F g−1). This work provides a promising strategy to fabricate graphene‐based nanomaterials with greatly boosted electrochemical performances by decoration of with CDs.
Role of transcranial direct current stimulation on reduction of postsurgical opioid consumption and pain in total knee arthroplasty: Double randomized clinical trial
Authors: Khedr E.M. , Sharkawy E.S.A. , Attia A.M.A. , Ibrahim Osman N.M. , Sayed Z.M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pain control is an important factor in determining recovery in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of 4 sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over primary motor cortex (M1) in patients undergoing unilateral TKA.MaterialsFifty patients undergoing TKA were included in the study. They were divided randomly into two groups (25 patients for each, using closed envelopes): real tDCS (2 mA, 20 min, with anodal stimulation applied over M1 postoperative for 4 consecutive days) and sham tDCS. Opioid consumption was titrated by an anaesthesiologist during the study period and was used as primary outcome. As a secondary outcome, patients were evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Pain Scale (LANSS) at baseline, then the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th days after operation.ResultsThere was no significant difference between real and sham tDCS in any rating scales at baseline. The opioid consumption and LANSS scores decreased more in patients who received real tDCS over the course of the treatment than sham tDCS. Real tDCS was associated with 59% reduction in the titrated analgesia. There was no significant difference between groups (time × groups interaction) in the VAS.ConclusionSince the VAS was constant, repeated sessions of anodal tDCS over M1 with an extra‐cephalic cathodal electrode can achieve the same degree of analgesia with less opioid consumption over the postoperative days after TKA. Thus, tDCS is a promising tool in the field of postoperative analgesia.SignificanceThe data of the present study suggest that four sessions of transcranial direct current brain stimulation over motor cortex could reduce morphine consumption and pain perception during the postoperative period in total knee arthroplasty.
Multicultural experiences reduce prejudice through personality shifts in Openness to Experience
Authors: Sparkman David J. , Eidelman Scott , Blanchar John C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAcross two studies we test the prediction that multicultural experiences reduce intercultural prejudice by increasing Openness to Experience. In Study 1, frequency of self‐reported multicultural experiences was associated with greater openness and less ethnic prejudice, and openness explained the relationship between multicultural experiences and ethnic prejudice. In Study 2, we experimentally manipulated a multicultural experience. Compared to those in a control condition, participants exposed to the cultural members and elements of foreign cultures reported being higher in Openness to Experience and expressed less prejudice toward these cultural groups. There was also some evidence that multicultural exposure, through openness, caused secondary transfer effects in prejudice reduction. Our findings suggest that exposure to multicultural environments can improve intercultural attitudes by personality shifts in Openness to Experience.