bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A SYSTEMATIC SURVEY OF PROTOCLUSTERS AT z ∼ 3–6 IN THE CFHTLS DEEP FIELDS
Authors: Toshikawa Jun , Kashikawa Nobunari , Overzier Roderik , Malkan Matthew A. , Furusawa Hisanori , Ishikawa Shogo , Onoue Masafusa , Ota Kazuaki , Tanaka Masayuki , Niino Yuu , Uchiyama Hisakazu 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the discovery of three protoclusters at z ∼ 3–4 with spectroscopic confirmation in the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey Deep Fields. In these fields, we investigate the large-scale projected sky distribution of z ∼ 3–6 Lyman-break galaxies and identify 21 protocluster candidates from regions that are overdense at more than 4σ overdensity significance. Based on cosmological simulations, it is expected that more than 76% of these candidates will evolve into a galaxy cluster of at least a halo mass of 1014
M
⊙ at z = 0. We perform follow-up spectroscopy for eight of the candidates using Subaru/FOCAS, Keck II/DEIMOS, and Gemini-N/GMOS. In total we target 462 dropout candidates and obtain 138 spectroscopic redshifts. We confirm three real protoclusters at z = 3–4 with more than five members spectroscopically identified and find one to be an incidental overdense region by mere chance alignment. The other four candidate regions at z ∼ 5–6 require more spectroscopic follow-up in order to be conclusive. A z = 3.67 protocluster, which has 11 spectroscopically confirmed members, shows a remarkable core-like structure composed of a central small region (<0.5 physical Mpc) and an outskirts region (∼1.0 physical Mpc). The Lyα equivalent widths of members of the protocluster are significantly smaller than those of field galaxies at the same redshift, while there is no difference in the UV luminosity distributions. These results imply that some environmental effects start operating as early as at z ∼ 4 along with the growth of the protocluster structure. This study provides an important benchmark for our analysis of protoclusters in the upcoming Subaru/HSC imaging survey and its spectroscopic follow-up with the Subaru/PFS that will detect thousands of protoclusters up to z ∼ 6.
A Bridge to Success: A Nursing Student Success Strategies Improvement Course
Authors: Walker Laura Pruitt 
Published: July 2016

Background:

Nursing student success and retention is in the forefront of educators' minds as we continue to face a projected nursing shortage. The key to combating the nursing shortage lies with our ability to successfully transition the student from nursing school and NCLEX-RN
®
to professional practice.

Method:
A quantitative research project using the one group pre- and posttest design is presented.

Results:
The research demonstrated that students' perceived stress levels decreased and self-efficacy increased following the success strategies improvement course. There was no relation between age and retention or the number of hours worked per week and retention with this cohort of students. The retention improvement from first semester to second semester following the course was only minimal.

Conclusion:

The course was a success in that it did influence a positive change in perceived stress and self-efficacy; however, it only provided minimal change in student retention. Student satisfaction with the course was strong. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(8):450–453.]
Decision-Tree Analysis for Predicting First-Time Pass/Fail Rates for the NCLEX-RN® in Associate Degree Nursing Students
Authors: Chen Hsiu-Chin , Bennett Sean 
Published: July 2016

Background:

Little evidence shows the use of decision-tree algorithms in identifying predictors and analyzing their associations with pass rates for the NCLEX-RN
®
in associate degree nursing students. This longitudinal and retrospective cohort study investigated whether a decision-tree algorithm could be used to develop an accurate prediction model for the students' passing or failing the NCLEX-RN.

Method:
This study used archived data from 453 associate degree nursing students in a selected program. The chi-squared automatic interaction detection analysis of the decision trees module was used to examine the effect of the collected predictors on passing/failing the NCLEX-RN.

Results:

The actual percentage scores of Assessment Technologies Institute®'s RN Comprehensive Predictor
®
accurately identified students at risk of failing. The classification model correctly classified 92.7% of the students for passing.

Conclusion:

This study applied the decision-tree model to analyze a sequence database for developing a prediction model for early remediation in preparation for the NCLEXRN. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(8):454–457.]
E-Mentoring for Doctor of Nursing Practice Students: A Pilot Program
Authors: Harris Robin , Birk Stefanie B. , Sherman Jan 
Published: July 2016

Background:
The growing number of online Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs, steady attrition rates, and shortage of faculty created an opportunity to explore the use of distance-mediated mentoring.

Method:
Twenty first-year DNP Nursing Leadership students were matched with DNP-prepared mentors in a formalized e-mentoring program. The Ideal Mentor Scale was used to determine what students desired most from the mentoring relationship in addition to midpoint and end-of-program surveys.

Results:

Quantitative analysis revealed mentors and mentees found the relationship to be beneficial (
p
< .05). Mentees (89%) and mentors (92%) noted the program supplied adequate resources, and the majority of students would recommend the program.

Conclusion:

Having a mentor leads to both mentor- and mentee-perceived benefits. Recommendations include continuing to seek ways to improve the communication and commitment between the mentor and mentee in order to receive reciprocal program benefits. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(8):458–462.]
Pyk2 Controls Integrin-Dependent CTL Migration through Regulation of De-Adhesion
Authors: Cheung Samuel M. S. , Ostergaard Hanne L. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is required for T cell adhesion to ICAM-1; however, the mechanism by which it regulates adhesion remains unexplored. Pyk2 function in murine CTL clones and activated ex vivo CD8+ T cells was disrupted by pharmacological inhibition, knockdown of expression with small interfering RNA, or expression of the dominant-negative C-terminal domain. We found that Pyk2 is not absolutely required for adhesion of CTL to ICAM-1, but rather delays the initial adhesion. Disruption of Pyk2 function caused cells to display an unusual elongated appearance after 1 h on ICAM-1, consistent with abnormally strong adhesion. Furthermore, the random mobility of CTL on ICAM-1 was severely compromised using all three methods of disrupting Pyk2 function. Live-cell imaging studies revealed that the decreased migration is the result of a defect in the detachment from ICAM-1 at the trailing edge when Pyk2 function is inhibited. Examination of Pyk2 tyrosine phosphorylation in normal polarized cells demonstrated that Pyk2 phosphorylated at Y579 and Y580 preferentially localizes to the leading edge, whereas Y881-phosphorylated Pyk2 is enriched at the trailing edge, suggesting that the tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 is spatially regulated in migrating CTL. Additionally, inhibition of Pyk2 caused cells to form multiple LFA-1–rich tails at the trailing edge, most likely resulting from a defect in LFA-1 release required for forward movement. Our results show that Pyk2 contributes to CTL migration by regulating detachment of CTL at the trailing edge, which could explain why Pyk2 is important for chemotactic and migratory responses.
A Novel Approach for Apexification: A 2-year Follow-up
Authors: Bansode Pradnya V , Deshpande Sagar S 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
To present a novel approach for nonsurgical management of large periapical lesion with open apex by using White Portland Cement to create an apical plug leads to substantial periapical healing.

Summary
Radiographic examination in this case indicated previous root canal treated, immature tooth with a wide-open apex and a periapical radiolucency. After cleaning and shaping Triple antibiotic paste was placed for 3 weeks. Hydroxyapatite was mixed with sterile saline & placed beyond the canal apex until with the aim of creating a periapical barrier. WPC powder was then mixed with sterile water, carried inside the canal to create apical plug (4mm) and obturation. The remainder of the canal was filled with thermoplastic gutta-percha. This was followed by post &core and PFM crown. Clinical follow-up of 2 years revealed absence of clinical symptoms and substantial periapical healing.

How to cite this article
Deshpande SS, Bansode PV. A Novel Approach for Apexification: A 2-year Follow-up Case Report. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(1)17-20.
Large XCH4 anomaly in summer 2013 over northeast Asia observed by GOSAT
Authors: Ishizawa Misa , Uchino Osamu , Morino Isamu , Inoue Makoto , Yoshida Yukio , Mabuchi Kazuo , Shirai Tomoko , Tohjima Yasunori , Maksyutov Shamil , Ohyama Hirofumi , Kawakami Shuji , Takizawa Atsushi , Belikov Dmitry 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Extremely high levels of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of atmospheric methane (XCH4) were detected in August and September 2013 over northeast Asia (∼  20 ppb above the averaged summertime XCH4 over 2009–2012, after removing a long-term trend), as being retrieved from the Short-Wavelength InfraRed (SWIR) spectral data observed with the Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) onboard Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). Similar enhancements of XCH4 were also observed by the ground-based measurements at two Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) sites in Japan. The analysis of surface CH4 concentrations observed at three monitoring sites around the Japan archipelago suggest that the extreme increase of XCH4 has occurred in a limited area. The model analysis was conducted to investigate this anomalously high XCH4 event, using an atmospheric transport model. The results indicate that the extreme increase of XCH4 is attributed to the anomalous atmospheric pressure pattern over East Asia during the summer of 2013, which effectively transported the CH4-rich air to Japan from the strong CH4 source areas in east China. The two Japanese TCCON sites, ∼  1000 km east–west apart each other, coincidentally located along the substantially CH4-rich air flow from east China. This analysis demonstrates the capability of GOSAT to monitor an XCH4 event on a synoptic scale. We anticipate that the synoptic information of XCH4 from GOSAT data contributes to improve our understanding of regional carbon cycle and the regional flux estimation.
Insights into the water mean transit time in a high-elevation tropical
ecosystem
Authors: Mosquera Giovanny M. , Segura Catalina , Vaché Kellie B. , Windhorst David , Breuer Lutz , Crespo Patricio 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This study focuses on the investigation of the mean transit time (MTT) of water and its spatial variability in a tropical high-elevation ecosystem (wet Andean páramo). The study site is the Zhurucay River Ecohydrological Observatory (7.53 km2) located in southern Ecuador. A lumped parameter model considering five transit time distribution (TTD) functions was used to estimate MTTs under steady-state conditions (i.e., baseflow MTT). We used a unique data set of the δ18O isotopic composition of rainfall and streamflow water samples collected for 3 years (May 2011 to May 2014) in a nested monitoring system of streams. Linear regression between MTT and landscape (soil and vegetation cover, geology, and topography) and hydrometric (runoff coefficient and specific discharge rates) variables was used to explore controls on MTT variability, as well as mean electrical conductivity (MEC) as a possible proxy for MTT. Results revealed that the exponential TTD function best describes the hydrology of the site, indicating a relatively simple transition from rainfall water to the streams through the organic horizon of the wet páramo soils. MTT of the streams is relatively short (0.15–0.73 years, 53–264 days). Regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between the catchment's average slope and MTT (R2 =  0.78, p < 0.05). MTT showed no significant correlation with hydrometric variables, whereas MEC increases with MTT (R2 =  0.89, p < 0.001). Overall, we conclude that (1) baseflow MTT confirms that the hydrology of the ecosystem is dominated by shallow subsurface flow; (2) the interplay between the high storage capacity of the wet páramo soils and the slope of the catchments provides the ecosystem with high regulation capacity; and (3) MEC is an efficient predictor of MTT variability in this system of catchments with relatively homogeneous geology.
Emotion recognition based on customized smart bracelet with built-in accelerometer
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Song Yufei , Cui Liqing , Liu Xiaoqian , Zhu Tingshao 
Published: July 2016

Background:Recently, emotion recognition has become a hot topic in human-computer interaction. If computers could understand human emotions, they could interact better with their users. This paper proposes a novel method to recognize human emotions (neutral, happy, and angry) using a smart bracelet with built-in accelerometer.Methods:In this study, a total of 123 participants were instructed to wear a customized smart bracelet with built-in accelerometer that can track and record their movements. Firstly, participants walked two minutes as normal, which served as walking behaviors in a neutral emotion condition. Participants then watched emotional film clips to elicit emotions (happy and angry). The time interval between watching two clips was more than four hours. After watching film clips, they walked for one minute, which served as walking behaviors in a happy or angry emotion condition. We collected raw data from the bracelet and extracted a few features from raw data. Based on these features, we built classification models for classifying three types of emotions (neutral, happy, and angry).Results and Discussion:For two-category classification, the classification accuracy can reach 91.3% (neutral vs. angry), 88.5% (neutral vs. happy), and 88.5% (happy vs. angry), respectively; while, for the differentiation among three types of emotions (neutral, happy, and angry), the accuracy can reach 81.2%.Conclusions:Using wearable devices, we found it is possible to recognize human emotions (neutral, happy, and angry) with fair accuracy. Results of this study may be useful to improve the performance of human-computer interaction.
Incidence, Prevalence, and Survival of Prostate Cancer in the UK
Authors: Tan Eng Hooi , Burn Edward , Barclay Nicola L. , Delmestri Antonella , Man Wai Yi , Golozar Asieh , Serrano Àlvar Roselló , Duarte-Salles Talita , Cornford Philip , Prieto Alhambra Daniel , Newby Danielle ,   OPTIMA Consortium
Published: September 2024

ImportanceIncidence, prevalence, and survival are pertinent measures to inform the management and provision of prostate cancer care.ObjectiveTo calculate the incidence, prevalence, and survival rates for prostate cancer in the UK from 2000 to 2021.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study uses routinely collected primary care data from the UK. Male patients aged 18 years or older with at least 1 year of history registered in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD or Aurum were included. Data were analyzed from January 2023 to March 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProstate cancer incidence rates (IR), period prevalence (PP), and 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival after diagnosis between 2000 and 2021, stratified by age and calendar years.ResultsThis study included 64 925 and 133 200 patients with prostate cancer in CPRD GOLD and Aurum, respectively, with a median age of 72 (65-78) years. The overall IR of prostate cancer was 151.7 (95% CI, 150.6 to 152.9) per 100 000 person-years in GOLD to 153.1 (95% CI, 152.3 to 153.9) per 100 000 person-years for Aurum and increased with age. The incidence of prostate cancer increased from 109 per 100 000 person-years in 2000 to 159 per 100 000 person-years in 2021. Peaks of incidence occurred in 2004 and 2018, before a decline in 2020. PP increased 3.5 times over the study period for both databases, from 0.4% in 2000 to 1.4% in 2021. IR and PP were highest in those aged 80 to 89 years. Median (95% CI) survival was similar in both databases (GOLD: 10.9 [95% CI, 10.7-11.1] years and Aurum: 11.1 [95% CI, 11.0-11.2] years). Survival at 1, 5, and 10 years after diagnosis were 93.4% (95% CI, 93.2%-93.6%), 71.8% (95% CI, 71.4%-72.2%), 53.2% (95% CI, 52.6%-53.7%) in GOLD and 93.9% (95% CI, 93.7%-94.0%), 72.7% (95% CI, 72.5%-73.0%), 53.7% (95% CI, 53.3%-54.1%) in AURUM, respectively. Survival increased over time: 1-year survival was 94.8% (95% CI, 94.5%-95.2%) in those diagnosed between 2015 to 2019 compared with 90.8% (95% CI, 90.2%-91.3%) from 2000 to 2004; 5-year survival improved from 65.3% (95% CI, 64.4%-66.3%) from 2000 to 2004 to 75.3% (95% CI, 74.4%-76.3%) in 2015 to 2019.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this population-based cohort study, incidence and prevalence increased with older age, with high survival rates reflecting a high burden of disease, particularly in the management of cancer survivorship in an aging population. Health care systems should consider this when managing the increasing numbers of people with prevalent prostate cancer.
Biogeographical patterns in the seasonality of bird collisions with aircraft
Authors: Vaishnav Tirth , Haywood John , Burns Kevin C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Bird collisions with aircraft pose a serious threat to human safety. However, broad‐scale patterns in how bird strikes might vary through space and time have yet to be fully understood.

Here, we conducted a biogeographical study of bird strikes to answer two questions: (1) Are bird strikes higher at certain times of the year in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres? and (2) Is seasonality in bird strikes more prominent in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere?

To answer these questions, we collated data on monthly bird strikes from 122 airports across the globe and used circular statistics to test for hemispherical asymmetries in the circular mean and variance in bird strikes.

Results showed that annual peaks in bird strikes occurred between late summer to autumn seasons, and as a result, they occurred at opposite times of year in the northern and southern hemispheres. Results also showed that bird strikes were more seasonal in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere, where strikes tended to occur more consistently throughout the year.

Practical implication: Overall results indicate that avian collisions with aircraft show strong biogeographical patterning, concomitant with global patterns in bird breeding seasons and migration tendencies.
Low Socioeconomic Status and Female Sex are Associated With Worse Functional Status in Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Stovall Rachael , Li Jing , Fitzpatrick Jessica , Roberts Eric , Palmowski Andriko , Anastasiou Christine , Izadi Zara , Friedly Janna , Singh Namrata , Gensler Lianne S. , Schmajuk Gabriela , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveWe determined whether socioeconomic status (SES) and sex are associated with functional status (FS) in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of patients with axSpA in the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness registry. We performed cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses of FS through the Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) using generalized estimating equation models. Area Deprivation Index (ADI) was used as an SES proxy. The cross‐sectional analysis tested for a linear trend across ADI quintiles for MDHAQ. The longitudinal analysis’ outcome was functional decline. We reported predictive margins and assessed for interaction with sex. In the longitudinal analysis, we reported odds of functional decline.ResultsIn the cross‐sectional analysis (N = 5,658), the mean ± SD age was 53.8 ± 15.2 years, 55.8% were female, and 71.4% were non‐Hispanic White. The mean ± SD MDHAQ scores were 1.6 ± 2.0 in men versus 2.1 ± 2.2 in women. Predicted mean MDHAQ scores were 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8–2.7) for the lowest ADI quintile and 1.8 (95% CI 1.4–2.1) for the highest. Women had lower FSs compared to men across quintiles. In the longitudinal analysis (n = 2,341), the proportion with FS decline was 14.3% (95% CI 7.6–25.5%) for the lowest SES quintile compared to 9.6% (95% CI 5.2–17.1%) for the highest. Women had 1.7 (95% CI 1.3–2.2) times higher odds of functional decline compared to men. There was no interaction with sex.ConclusionIn this large sample of patients with axSpA, those with lower SES had worse FS and functional decline. Women had worse FS than men, initially and over time.
Nano‐High Entropy Materials in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yan Xinyue , Zhou Yansong , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHigh entropy materials (HEMs) compositing of at least five elements have gained widespread attention in the field of electrocatalysis due to their tunable activities and high stability. These intrinsic properties can be further highlighted when the size of HEMs comes to the nanoscale. In nanostructured HEMs, the fascinating properties including large composition space, multi‐element synergy, and high configuration entropy are expected to endow nano‐HEMs with excellent catalytic activity and stability, thus providing greater potential for the design of advanced electrocatalysts. In this review, nano‐HEMs are differentiated in detail in dimensions and the common synthesis methods are summarized. Additionally, from the perspective of the complex nanostructure‐performance relationship, the applications of nano‐HEMs in electrocatalysis systems, including water‐splitting (hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER)), hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) and alcohol oxidation reaction (AOR) are discussed. Finally, the main challenges faced by nano‐HEMs electrocatalysis are underscored. This review is expected to provide more insights into understanding and developing efficient electrocatalytic materials for practical applications.
Bioinspired Asymmetric‐Adhesion Janus Hydrogel Patch Regulating by Zwitterionic Polymers for Wet Tissues Adhesion and Postoperative Adhesion Prevention
Authors: Li Shuangyang , Liu Lingyuan , Qiao Fengtao , Ma Jinzhu , Miao Hui , Gao Shangdong , Ma Yongqiang , Yu Xinghui , Liu Siyuan , Yuan Haicheng , Dong Anjie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAsymmetrically adhesive hydrogel patch with robust wet tissue adhesion simultaneously anti‐postoperative adhesion is essential for clinical applications in internal soft‐tissue repair and postoperative anti‐adhesion. Herein, inspired by the lubricative role of serosa and the underwater adhesion mechanism of mussels, an asymmetrically adhesive hydrogel Janus patch is developed with adhesion layer (AL) and anti‐adhesion layer (anti‐AL) through an in situ step‐by‐step polymerization process in the mold. The AL exhibits excellent adhesion to internal soft‐tissues. In contrast, the anti‐AL demonstrated ultralow fouling property against protein and fibroblasts, which hinders the early and advanced stages of development of the adhesion. Moreover, the Janus patch simultaneously promotes tissue regeneration via ROS clearance capability of catechol moieties in the AL. Results from in vivo experiments with rabbits and rats demonstrate that the AL strongly adheres to traumatized tissue, while the anti‐AL surface demonstrate efficacy in preventing of post‐abdominal surgery adhesions in contrast to clinical patches. Considering the advantages in terms of therapeutic efficacy and off the shelf, the Janus patch developed in this work presents a promise for preventing postoperative adhesions and promoting regeneration of internal tissue defects.