bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of intellectual capital on qualitative and quantitative performance: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Özer Gökan , Ergun Ercan , Yılmaz Osman 
Published: April 2017

Intellectual capital is among the new, advanced management notions developed to overcome the inadequacy of previous administrations, to adapt to new situations and forge ahead of the competition. Intellectual capital means the information, experience and skills that offer advantage in competition and reveal the values existing within the structure of an enterprise. These values also exist in the relationship between the enterprise and the environment and with the employees. Although some research studies on intellectual capital (IC) have been conducted, to date no research has been carried out on the effects of IC on qualitative and quantitative organizational performance. For this reason, IC and its effects on firm performance (both qualitative and quantitative) were evaluated in this study. Following the evaluation of the intellectual capital and its sub-elements, the differentiation of the sub-elements is made. Then the reliability and validity of these sub-factors are calculated. The intellectual capital model has been tested by the structural equality model (SEM). According to research results, IC explains 92 per cent of a firm’s performance. The effect of IC on qualitative performance is 0,84, while on quantitative performance it is 0,72. RC impresses qualitative performance with coefficient 0,94, quantitative performance with coefficient 0,60; HC impresses qualitative performance with coefficient 0,92, quantitative performance with coefficient 0,54 less; SC impresses qualitative performance with coefficient 0,90, quantitative performance with coefficient 0,53. According to the results of the research, IC affects both the qualitative and the quantitative performance of firms by supplying extensive knowledge to the managers.
Gender-based discrimination in South Africa: A quantitative analysis of fairness of remuneration
Authors: Steyn Renier , Jackson Leon 
Published: April 2017

Equity is important to most individuals and its perceived absence may impact negatively on individual and organisational performance. The concept of equity presupposes fair treatment, while discrimination implies unfair treatment. The perceptions of discrimination, or being treated unfairly, may result from psycho-social processes, or from data that justifies discrimination and is quantifiable. Objectives: To assess whether differences in post grading and remuneration for males and females are based on gender, rather than on quantifiable variables that could justify these differences. Method: Biographical information was gathered from 1740 employees representing 29 organisations. The data collected included self-reported post grading (dependent variable) and 14 independent variables, which may predict the employees’ post gradings. The independent variables related primarily to education, tenure and family responsibility. Results: Males reported higher post gradings and higher salaries than those of females, but the difference was not statistically significant and the practical significance of this difference was slight. Qualification types, job specific training, and membership of professional bodies did not affect post grading along gender lines. The ways in which work experience was measured had no influence on post grading or salary for either males or females. Furthermore, family responsibility, union membership and the type of work the employees performed did not influence the employees’ post grading. The only difference found concerned the unfair treatment of males, particularly those who were well-qualified. Conclusions: Objective evidence of unfair gender-based discrimination affecting post grading and salary is scarce, and the few differences that do occur have little statistical and practical significance. Perceptions of being discriminated against may therefore more often be seen as the result of psycho-social processes and are not necessarily the result of justifiable differences in education, tenure and family responsibility.
Human resources managers as custodians of the King III code
Authors: De Beer Frank , Du Toit Daniel Hercules 
Published: April 2017

The objective of this research was to perform an exploratory study on the knowledge and understanding of the King III code among Human Resources (HR) managers in South African companies. The King III code is a comprehensive international corporate governance regime which addresses the financial, social, ethical and environmental practices of organisations. HR management plays a role in managing corporate governance by using the King III code as a guideline. The main research questions were: Does HR management know, understand, apply, and have the ability to use the King III code in terms of ethical decision-making? What role does HR management play in corporate governance? A random sample of available HR managers, senior HR consultants and HR directors was taken and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The results indicated that the respondents had no in-depth knowledge of the King III code. They did not fully understand the King III code and its implications nor did they use it to ensure ethical management. The themes most emphasised by the participants were: culture, reward and remuneration, policies and procedures and performance management. The participants emphasised the importance of these items and HR’s role in managing them.
Institutional forces and divestment performance of South African conglomerates: Case study evidence
Authors: King David , Coldwell David , Joosub Tasneem , McClelland David 
Published: April 2017

The history of South Africa serves as a natural experiment in how a changing institutional environment impacts corporate structure. Based on institutional theory, we anticipate higher performance through emulating successful strategies or through restructuring consistent with mimetic isomorphism. Conversely, coercive isomorphism results from restructuring driven by regulation, and we anticipate that they are associated with lower performance. To examine these relationships, we consider divestment by South African firms over two periods, using mixed methods. We find tentative support for our predictions, and we outline implications for policymakers, as well as for management research and practice.
The application of nonlinear change theory to the demise of Saambou Bank
Authors: Van Tonder CL 
Published: April 2017

Nonlinear change represents the latest in a series of change concepts that reflect a change in the complexion of organisational change itself. Nonlinear change theory provides an alternative and potentially useful framework from within which to view seemingly dramatic corporate failures. To test its utility value, an attempt is made to fit the sequence of primary events preceding the demise of Saambou Bank, to a nonlinear change framework. This application of the theory suggests that some value can be derived from its use - in particular as it provides an extended temporal perspective and can potentially further illuminate the unfolding dynamics in such cases. The implications of nonlinear change theory are briefly discussed.
Facilitating the transition from the second to the first economy in South Africa’s rural areas
Authors: Jahed M , Mirrilees R , Modise D 
Published: April 2017

Here we describe an economic development programme termed ARISE – an acronym for African Rural Initiatives for Sustainable Environments. The programme has the potential to contribute to the simultaneous achievement of three goals to which South Africa is committed, namely: • job creation, • broad-based black economic empowerment, and • achieving expressed conservation and environmental objectives. The programme is currently being developed in the form of two ongoing pilot projects that, taken together, employ 576 previously jobless people, have created several small enterprises, and are beneficially affecting thousands of hectares of severely degraded land in South Africa’s rural areas (EOI2, 2006). The programme may be categorised in the context of South Africa’s economy as either “economic development” through poverty alleviation and in future perhaps part of the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP), and clearly has the potential to enable people in South Africa’s rural areas to make the transition from the “second” (informal) to the “first” (formal) economy. ARISE therefore offers an ideal opportunity for a large-scale rollout across South and southern Africa.
The employment history of day labourers in South Africa and the income they earn - A case study of day labourers in Pretoria
Authors: Blaauw PF , Louw H , Schenck R 
Published: April 2017

Formal sector unemployment forces many workers to venture into the informal sector. The activities of day labourers are no exception. The aim of this paper is to address the lack of research on informal labour markets by focusing on the day labourers in Pretoria as a case study and to investigate the employment history of and income earned by day labourers in Pretoria. Day labourers involved in this study were mainly male, young, low skilled, earning low and uncertain levels of income and working under harsh conditions. A significant portion of day labourers in Pretoria previously held formal sector occupations. Long spells of unemployment can make it difficult for day labourers to return to the formal sector. Many activities in the informal sector can never provide a permanent solution to unemployment.
Mentorship alliance between South African established and developing farmers for sustainable agriculture sector reform
Authors: Olubode-Awosola OO , Van Schalkwyk HD 
Published: April 2017

The South African government provides access to agricultural land for people not adequately represented in the agricultural sector. However, the government lacks sufficient funds and institutional infrastructure to provide post-settlement support to the settled developing farmers. A farmer-to-farmer mentorship programme between established and developing farm types has been identified as an institutional arrangement that could complement the government’s efforts. However, at this stage government and other role-players lack frameworks for this type of mentorship programme.This study conceptualises a complementary mentorship alliance that is loosely structured, without the complicated legal and contractual processes involved in corporate business alliances. This alliance will hopefully lead to highly committed joint ventures in the industry in the near future. The study also provides frameworks within which the role-players could contribute to the success of mentorship programme.
Acceptability and feasibility of mini-clinical evaluation exercise as a formative assessment tool for workplace-based assessment for surgical postgraduate students
Authors: Joshi MK , Singh T , Badyal DK 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Despite an increasing emphasis on workplace-based assessment (WPBA) during medical training, the existing assessment system largely relies on summative assessment while formative assessment is less valued. Various tools have been described for WPBA, mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) being one of them. Mini-CEX is well accepted in Western countries, however, reports of its use in India are scarce. We conducted this study to assess acceptability and feasibility of mini-CEX as a formative assessment tool for WPBA of surgical postgraduate students in an Indian setting.

Methods:
Faculty members and 2nd year surgical residents were sensitized toward mini-CEX and requisite numbers of exercises were conducted. The difficulties during conduction of these exercises were identified, recorded, and appropriate measures were taken to address them. At the conclusion, the opinion of residents and faculty members regarding their experience with mini-CEX was taken using a questionnaire. The results were analyzed using simple statistical tools.

Results:
Nine faculty members out of 11 approached participated in the study (81.8%). All 16 2nd year postgraduate surgical residents participated (100%). Sixty mini-CEX were conducted over 7 months. Each resident underwent 3–5 encounters. The mean time taken by the assessor for observation was 12.3 min (8–30 min) while the mean feedback time was 4.2 min (3–10 min). The faculty reported good overall satisfaction with mini-CEX and found it acceptable as a formative assessment tool. Three faculty members (33.3%) reported mini-CEX as more time-consuming while 2 (22.2%) found it difficult to carry the exercises often. All residents accepted mini-CEX and most of them reported good to high satisfaction with the exercises conducted.

Conclusions:
Mini-CEX is well accepted by residents and faculty as a formative assessment tool. It is feasible to utilize mini-CEX for WPBA of postgraduate students of surgery.
Implementation of the Balanced Scorecard in the Hotel Sector through Transformational Leadership and Empowerment
Authors: Ballester-Miquel José Carlos , Pérez-Ruiz Pilar , Hernández-Gadea Javier , Palacios-Marqués Daniel 
Published: April 2017

<p><span lang="EN-GB">One of the current problems of the entrepreneurial world is the successful implementation of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), which is why it is interesting to study the variables that can influence its application in business. </span><span lang="EN-GB">The main purpose of this paper is to establish a theoretical model through the literature review, that should consider the relationship between the transformational leadership among company staff (Avolio, Bass and Jung, 1999) and the empowerment of the rest of employees (</span><span lang="EN-US">Thomas and Velthouse, 1990 Spritzer, 1995) upon the achievement of an increased capacity for organizational learning in the implementation of the BSC in companies (Easterby-Smith &amp; Araujo,1999) from the following perspectives: financial, customer, business process, learning and growth in major companies in the hotel sector, specifically in four and five-star hotels.</span></p><p><span lang="EN-GB">The Balanced Scorecard (BSC)</span><span lang="EN-US"> is a strategic management model (Norton &amp; Kaplan, 1992) that allows the measurement and control of the tangible and intangible objectives based on the company´s mission and vision statements. The implementation of BSC has a great influence on the predisposition, training and motivation in middle as well as executive management through empowerment and leadership, hence the importance of the analysis of these variables by means of the BSC.</span></p>
Integrating Bioethics in Sciences’ curricula using values in science and socio-scientific issues
Authors: Sousa C. 
Published: April 2017

<p>The </p><p>The main objective of the present work is selection of ethical issues that should be addressed with first year undergraduate and K-12 students.</p><p>Since K-12 Sciences’ curriculum, in Portugal, does not include bioethics content in any discipline explicitly, teachers need to make an effort to include it. Some online materials are available to use in high school classes and will be discussed.</p><p>My proposal combines inquiry learning-teaching methods with the aim of promoting the discussion of bioethics issues in accordance to UNESCO Bioethics Core Curriculum already adopted by twenty universities throughout the world (Darwish 2015). Some of the issues that are addressed are: ecology and environment ethics, infectious diseases and vaccination, water for all, intellectual property, genomes and patents, biotechnological advances (genetic modified organisms and synthesis of genomes), future generations, climate hanges and natural resources, biomedical advances and human rights, authorship and contributions in scientific publications, and biobanks.</p><p>In conclusion, this study may constitute an example to facilitate the implementation, by K-12 teachers, of active inquiry strategies, using features of science such as values and socio-scientific issues, and focused on the discussion of concrete ethical issues facing humanity. It also constitutes a proposal of integrating Bioethics in undergraduate sciences’ curricula.</p>
Detection and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder by Occupational Therapy Practitioners: Addressing Racial Disparity in Diagnosis
Authors: Gibbs Varleisha D. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
As the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) continues to rise, racial disparities remain in age of diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Therefore, occupational therapy practitioners should examine cultural perceptions related to disparities in ASD diagnosis. This article investigates the role that practitioners may play in this disparity by asking, “Are occupational therapy practitioners contributing to the late diagnosis of children with ASD who are members of particular racial or ethnic groups?” Correlations among practitioners’ detection of symptoms, parents’ perceptions, and evaluator influences are investigated. By examining these factors, practitioners may gain better insight into these disparities and therefore provide more effective advocacy regarding early diagnosis and treatment access.
Under Western Critical Eyes: Du Fu
Authors: Verdicchio Massimo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The trend toward world literature and globalization in literary studies motivated Gayatri Spivak to make the ominous claim that Comparative Literature is dead. Her solution was to suggest that Comparative Literature join forces with Area Studies, and combine its techniques of “close reading” with a more focused and in-depth analysis of national literatures that only Area Studies can provide. Although this appears a welcome suggestion to give “new life” to Comparative Literature, there are obstacles in the way of this ideal. This essay discusses Spivak's idea with reference to Chinese aesthetics, namely, Haun Saussy and Stephen Owen, and an analysis of the late poems of Du Fu. The essay argues that the emphasis Chinese studies places on “distinctness,” which is true of all Area Studies, hinders the possibility of a comparative reading. An analysis of Du Fu's late poems shows that there is a discrepancy in approaches between a Chinese and a Comparative approach that is irreconcilable. If Comparative Literature is to stay alive, it has to retain its theoretical freedom to “close reading” and forego the temptation to combine forces with Area Studies.
Het fideicommis en de rechtspersoon als bezwaarde of verwachter
Authors: Brinkman R.E. 
Published: April 2017

Het fideicommis en de rechtspersoon als bezwaarde of verwachter
Dit artikel gaat over de combinatie van een fideicommis met een rechtspersoon als bezwaarde of verwachter. De conclusie luidt dat een fideicommissaire erfstelling met een rechtspersoon niet mogelijk is. Dat betekent dat steeds art. 4:140 lid 1 BW van toepassing is: als de rechtspersoon bezwaarde of verwachter is, wordt de verkrijging van de bezwaarde na dertig jaar na het overlijden van de insteller onvoorwaardelijk. Bepaalde fideicommissaire legaten kunnen een oplossing bieden voor bovenstaand probleem. De testateur doet er dan ook goed aan zorgvuldig te beschrijven wie op welke wijze welke rechten en plichten krijgt.
Evaluatie giftenaftrek
Authors: van de Ven K.M.L.L. 
Published: April 2017

Evaluatie giftenaftrek
Naar aanleiding van drie in 2016 over de giftenaftrek verschenen rapportages wordt in deze bijdrage ingegaan op de giftenaftrek in het algemeen, op de bevindingen in de rapportages en op enige jurisprudentie met betrekking tot de status van een algemeen nut beogende instelling (ANBI).
A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)
Authors: Herbert David G. 
Published: April 2017

A new genus and eight new species of urocyclid snails are described from eastern South Africa. The supra-specific taxa Kerkophorus Godwin-Austen, 1912 and Microkerkus Godwin-Austen, 1912 are considered distinct from Sheldonia Ancey, 1887 and are treated as separate genera. The diagnostic morphological features of all three genera are detailed and a fourth genus, for which there is no existing name, is described as new: Selatodryas gen. nov. A provisional key to genus-level taxa within Sheldonia s.l. is provided. Eight species are described as new: Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov., K. vittarubra sp. nov., K. scrobicolus sp. nov., K. terrestris sp. nov., Microkerkus sibaya sp. nov., Selatodryas roseosoma gen. et sp. nov., S. luteosoma gen. et sp. nov. and Sheldonia fingolandensis sp. nov.
ION-EXCHANGE IN FLUID-BED DEVICE OF CONTINUOUSLY WORKING
Authors: Natareev Sergey V. , Bykov Aleksandr A. , Zakharov Dmitriy E. , Nikiforova Tatyana E. 
Published: April 2017

The mathematicaldescription of the process of solution purification from heavy metal ionsby means ofion exchange inan apparatus with continuous suspended layer was developed. At the developing mathematical description the following assumptions were used: the ionite is monodisperse and has a spherical shape, uniform initial distribution of substances in the ionite, the ion exchange equilibrium is described by Henry equation, the velocity of the process is limited by both internal and external diffusion, the ionite in the device moves with longitudinal mixing effect, kinetic and hydrodynamic process parameters are constants. Mathematical description includes the following equations: the diffusion equation of ionite, isotherm equation ion exchange, the equation for average concentration of the substance in the ionite, equations of the one-parameter diffusion model, initial and boundary conditions. To solve boundary value problem, we use the integral Laplace transformmations. The obtained equation allows calculating the solution concentration at the output of the apparatus. The authors determined the validity of the mathematical model on the example of the water purification from zinc ions on the KU-2-8 cationite in the continuous single-chamber apparatus with a fluidized bed. The ion exchange unit has a cylindrical body with a diameter of 0.08 m and a conical bottom. Distributive lattice with thickness of 3×10-3 m and with holes with diameter of 2×10-3 m and orifice of 20.6 % were located in the lower part of the device. The height of the fluid-bed ionite layer in the device was 0.12 m. The chamber for separation of ion exchanger and solution was placed in the top of the device. This chamber had a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 0.15 m and height of 0.1 m. The chamber for fluid-bed ionite and chamber for separation of ionite and solution were joined conical shell. The solution flow rate in the apparatus was 2.1×10-5 m3/s. The ionite flow rate in the device was 1.42×10-7 m3/s. The initial concentration of the solution of zinc chloride was taken 5.1×10-3 kg-eq/ m3. The concentration of zinc ions in the spent ionite was 0.67 kg-eq/m3. The concentration of zinc ions in the purified solution was 6.4×10-4 kg-eq/m3. The calculated value of concentration of zinc ions in the spent ionite was 0.66 kg-eq/m3. The calculated value of concentration of zinc ions in the purified solution was 7.2×10-4 kg-eq/m3. The deviation of the calculated results from the experimental data does not exceed 12 %. The elaborated mathematical model is recommended for practical application. For citation:Natareev S.V., BykovА.А., Zakharov D.E., Nikiforova T.E. Ion-exchange in fluid-bed device of continuously working. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N2. P. 85-90.