bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the enhanced permeability and retention effect in the early stages of lymph node metastasis
Authors: Mikada Mamoru , Sukhbaatar Ariunbuyan , Miura Yoshinobu , Horie Sachiko , Sakamoto Maya , Mori Shiro , Kodama Tetsuya 
Published: February 2017

Most solid cancers spread to new sites via the lymphatics before hematogenous dissemination. However, only a small fraction of an intravenously administered anti‐cancer drug enters the lymphatic system to reach metastatic lymph nodes (LN). Here, we show that the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is not induced during the early stages of LN metastasis. Luciferase‐expressing tumor cells were injected into the subiliac LN of the MXH10/Mo‐lpr/lpr mouse to induce metastasis to the proper axillary LN (PALN). In vivo biofluorescence imaging was used to confirm metastasis induction and to quantify the EPR effect, measured as PALN accumulation of intravenously injected indocyanine green (ICG) liposomes. PALN blood vessel volume changes were measured by contrast‐enhanced high‐frequency ultrasound imaging. The volume and density of blood vessels in the PALN increased until day 29 after inoculation, whereas the LN volume remained constant. ICG retention was first detected on day 29 post‐inoculation. While CD31‐positive cells increased up to day 29 post‐inoculation, α‐smooth muscle actin‐positive cells were detected on day 29 post‐inoculation for the first time. These results suggest that the EPR effect was not induced in the early stages of LN metastasis; therefore, systemic chemotherapy would likely not be beneficial during the early stages of LN metastasis. The development of an alternative drug delivery system, independent of the EPR effect, is required for the treatment of LN metastasis.
Thirty‐day outcomes for children and adolescents undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at a free‐standing children's hospital
Authors: Speer A. L. , Parekh J. , Qureshi F. G. , Nadler E. P. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe obesity epidemic continues to affect millions of children and adolescents. Non‐surgical options do not result in significant or sustained weight loss; thus bariatric surgery has become increasingly utilized. Limited data exist regarding safety for paediatric bariatric surgery, especially outside of National Institutes of Health (NIH)‐funded centres. We hypothesized that the perioperative outcomes of paediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) at our free‐standing children's hospital would provide adequate safety profiles. We retrospectively reviewed demographics, comorbidities and 30‐d outcomes for all patients who underwent LSG from 2010 to 2015 at a free‐standing children's hospital. A total of 105 patients underwent 107 LSG procedures (two revisions). Mean age was 17.2 ± 2.4 years. Male to female ratio was 1:4. The majority were Black (57.1%), followed by White (21.0%) and Hispanic (18.1%). The mean body mass index was 51.0 ± 9.8 kg/m2. Comorbidities included obstructive sleep apnea (59.0%), hypertension (15.2%), polycystic ovarian disease (16.7% of females only), depression (12.4%) and diabetes (11.4%). Median length of stay was 2.0 d (1–7 d). There were no deaths. Major complications occurred in four patients (3.8%); three required reoperation. Four patients (3.8%) experienced minor complications. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy can be safely performed for children and adolescents at a free‐standing children's hospital without NIH‐support.
Sacral neuromodulation compared with injection of bulking agents for faecal incontinence following obstetric anal sphincter injury – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rydningen M. , Dehli T. , Wilsgaard T. , Rydning A. , Kumle M. , Lindsetmo R. O. , Norderval S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe purpose of this trial was to compare the effectiveness of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) with a submucosal injection of collagen (Permacol®) in women with faecal incontinence following obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS).MethodThis single‐blinded randomized controlled trial at two hospital units in Norway included women with faecal incontinence following OASIS. Eligible women who had had a successful percutaneous nerve evaluation were randomly assigned to SNM or Permacol®. The primary outcome was the difference in the St Mark's incontinence score between baseline and 6 months. Secondary outcomes were changes in the disease‐specific quality of life (FIQL) and urinary incontinence (ICIQ‐UI‐SF) scores.ResultsFifty‐eight women were randomly assigned to SNM (n = 30) and Permacol® (n = 28). The reduction in the St Mark's score between baseline and 6 months was 11.2 (SD 5.3) in the SNM group vs 2.3 (SD 5.0) in the Permacol® group, resulting in a difference of 8.9 (95% CI: 6.1–11.7, P < 0.0001). The differences in the four scales of FIQL (lifestyle, coping, depression, embarrassment) were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.50–1.30, P < 0.001), 1.05 (0.62–1.47, P < 0.001), 0.52 (95% CI: 0.16–0.87, P = 0.005) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.50–1.40, P < 0.001), respectively, in favour of SNM. The difference in the ICIQ‐UI‐SF was 5.0 (95% CI: 1.97–8.02, P = 0.002) in favour of SNM. There were nine minor adverse events in the SNM group compared with seven in the Permacol® group (P = 0.77).ConclusionSNM was superior to Permacol® in terms of reduction of St Mark's score, ICIQ‐UI‐SF and the change of the FIQL in women with faecal incontinence following OASIS.
Panda Downlisted but not Out of the Woods
Authors: Swaisgood Ronald R. , Wang Dajun , Wei Fuwen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is no longer Endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) storied Red List. The decision to downlist the panda to Vulnerable has its foundation in a systematic assessment of population parameters as determined by China State Forestry Administration's circa decadal national survey and other scientific outputs, compared to standardized criteria used by IUCN to determine the status of all species. This decision has not been without controversy and disagreement, perhaps reflecting disparities between how people view the term “Endangered” and the criteria established by the IUCN. Here, we explore the architecture of recovery of this iconic “Endangered” species, make transparent the process of the IUCN downlisting decision, evaluate emerging threats to pandas on the horizon, and contemplate the meaning of this milestone for endangered species conservation. Through this revelation, we find profound reasons for hope for species conservation everywhere, and a useful example of success in the making. However, this positive message comes with measured caution. The Chinese government and conservation community must maintain its focus and investment on panda conservation, and contend with strategies to address new threats. If they do not, the panda will return to “Endangered” status once again.
Smoking prevalence among lesbian, bisexual and queer women in Sydney remains high: Analysis of trends and correlates
Authors: Deacon Rachel M. , Mooney‐Somers Julie 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTo investigate smoking prevalence trends and correlates among lesbian, bisexual and queer‐identifying (LBQ) women in Sydney, Australia.Design and MethodsData from 5007 respondents to a repeated cross‐sectional community survey were used to examine smoking trends between 2004 and 2014. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine smoking correlates.ResultsThirty percent of respondents were current smokers, including 48% of 16 to 24‐year‐olds. A slight decrease in all‐ages smoking over time was not reflected in the youngest age group. LBQ women who smoke have fewer economic, social and psychological resources than both women who never smoke and ex‐smokers. High levels of alcohol and illicit drug use are also correlated with current smoking.Discussion and ConclusionsPopulation‐wide interventions have failed to address the persistently high prevalence of smoking among this sample of LBQ women. Tailored interventions may find utility focusing on personal resilience to deal with general and sexuality‐specific stressors, as well as attending to poly‐substance use. Acknowledgment of LBQ women as a priority group for tobacco reduction is urgently needed. We call on tobacco control agencies to consider sexuality and gender orientation in policy and partner with lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community organisations to develop culturally appropriate interventions. [Deacon RM, Mooney‐Somers J Smoking prevalence among lesbian, bisexual and queer women in Sydney remains high: Analysis of trends and correlates Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:546‐554]
Comparison of procedural sequences in same‐day painless bidirectional endoscopy: Single‐center, prospective, randomized study
Authors: Cao Yan , Yang Jun , Li Jiao , Ao Xin , Zhang Kai‐Yuan , Shen Xiao‐Chun , Chen Dong‐Feng , Lan Chun‐Hui 
Published: February 2017

Background and AimTo compare the efficacy and safety of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)‐colonoscopy and colonoscopy‐EGD sequences for patients subjected to same‐day bidirectional endoscopy under remifentanil and propofol sedation.MethodsA total of 209 eligible outpatients scheduled for diagnostic same‐day bidirectional endoscopy between 16 February 2016 and 30 April 2016 were randomly assigned to the EGD‐colonoscopy (n = 106) and colonoscopy‐EGD (n = 103) sequence groups. Primary endpoint was total dose of propofol required for the procedure. Secondary endpoints included duration of endoscopy, patient satisfaction, adverse effects, endoscopy findings, and cardiopulmonary responses of the patients.ResultsPatients in the two groups were similar in terms of demographic and clinical data (P > 0.05). EGD‐colonoscopy sequence group had lesser requirement of propofol for sedation (P < 0.05), faster recovery (P < 0.001), and lesser influence on mean arterial pressure (MAP) during the endoscopy (P < 0.05). Duration of EGD and colonoscopy, patient satisfaction, adverse effects, and pathological findings did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionsThe EGD‐colonoscopy sequence may be considered the preferred sequence for same‐day bidirectional endoscopy as a result of less cardiovascular stress, lessened need for sedation with propofol, and faster recovery.
From prioritizing objects to prioritizing cues: a developmental shift for cognitive control
Authors: Chevalier Nicolas , Dauvier Bruno , Blaye Agnès 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEmerging cognitive control supports increasingly adaptive behaviors and predicts life success, while low cognitive control is a major risk factor during childhood. It is therefore essential to understand how it develops. The present study provides evidence for an age‐related shift in the type of information that children prioritize in their environment, from objects that can be directly acted upon to cues signaling how to act. Specifically, gaze patterns recorded while 3‐ to 12‐year‐olds and adults engaged in a cognitive control task showed that whereas younger children fixated on targets that they needed to respond to before gazing at task cues signaling how to respond, older children and adults showed the opposite pattern (which yielded better performance). This shift in information prioritization has important conceptual implications, suggesting that a major force behind cognitive control development may be non‐executive in nature, as well as opening new directions for interventions.
Summer habitat and movements of juvenile salmonids in a coastal river of Washington State
Authors: Winkowski John J. , Zimmerman Mara S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe investigated the summer ecology of juvenile steelhead trout Onchorhynchus mykiss and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha in the context of habitat use and movement behaviour. The study area was a 14.8 km section of the Chehalis River, Washington, and is of particular interest due to recent proposals for both a flood retention dam and restoration actions in this watershed. Ten study reaches were paired in distance upstream and downstream from a central point where a passive integrated transponder antenna array was operated between late June and September 2014. Juvenile densities for each species were associated with reach‐scale habitat and temperature characteristics. Juvenile steelhead underwent upstream and downstream movements up to 7 km, although more fish from further away moved downstream than upstream. Juvenile steelhead repeated horizontal movements throughout the study period, but daily detections were not associated with temperature or flow. The majority (81%) of steelhead movements occurred between the hours of 04:00–07:00 and 18:00–21:00. Juvenile Chinook underwent a downstream migration that was nearly complete by the end of August. Most juvenile Chinook were detected just once and movements occurred on days with warmer stream temperature and higher flows. The majority of Chinook movements occurred at night. Although juvenile salmonids are often thought to have small home ranges during summer months, our results suggest that horizontal movements may be more prevalent than previously thought. Summer habitat should be defined by a network of suitable rearing reaches with connectivity available in both upstream and downstream directions.
Cryptonormative Judgments
Authors: Worsnip Alex 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA cryptonormative judgment, roughly speaking, is a judgment that is presented by the agent who makes it as non‐normative (either generally or in some particular respect), but that is in fact normative (either generally or in that particular respect). The idea of cryptonormativity is familiar from debates in social theory, social psychology, and continental political philosophy, but has to my knowledge never been treated in analytic metaethics, moral psychology or epistemology except in passing. In this paper, I argue, first, that cryptonormative judgments are pervasive: familiar cases from everyday life are most naturally diagnosed as cryptonormative judgments. Secondly, they reveal that normative judgment is a state that can be quite deeply non‐transparent to its bearer, in a way that is not, for example, assimilable to the phenomenon of self‐deception. Thirdly, they shed light on debates over amoralism and lend some support to a picture of normative psychology that links normative judgment constitutively to motivation. In the conclusion, I make some remarks about the social and political insidiousness of cryptonormativity, looking forward to future work.
Phenotypic spectrum of Charcot−Marie−Tooth disease due to LITAF/SIMPLE mutations: a study of 18 patients
Authors: Guimarães‐Costa R. , Iancu Ferfoglia R. , Leonard‐Louis S. , Ziegler F. , Magy L. , Fournier E. , Dubourg O. , Bouche P. , Maisonobe T. , Lacour A. , Moerman A. , Latour P. , Stojkovic T. 
Published: February 2017

Background and purposeCharcot−Marie−Tooth (CMT) 1C due to mutations in LITAF/SIMPLE is a rare subtype amongst the autosomal dominant demyelinating forms of CMT. Our objective was to report the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of 18 CMT1C patients and compare them to 20 patients with PMP22 mutations: 10 CMT1A patients and 10 patients with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP).MethodsCharcot−Marie−Tooth 1C patients were followed‐up in referral centres for neuromuscular diseases or were identified by familial survey. All CMT1A and HNPP patients were recruited at the referral centre for neuromuscular diseases of Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital.ResultsTwo phenotypes were identified amongst 18 CMT1C patients: the classical CMT form (‘CMT‐like’, 11 cases) and a predominantly sensory form (‘sensory form’, seven cases). The mean CMT neuropathy score was 4.45 in CMT1C patients. Motor nerve conduction velocities in the upper limbs were significantly more reduced in CMT1A than in CMT1C patients. On the other hand, the motor nerve conduction velocity of the median nerve was significantly lower in CMT1C compared to the HNPP group. Distal motor latency was significantly more prolonged in CMT1A patients compared to the CMT1C and HNPP groups, the latter two groups having similar distal motor latency values. Molecular analysis revealed five new LITAF/SIMPLE mutations (Ala111Thr, Gly112Ala, Trp116Arg, Pro135Leu, Arg160Cys).ConclusionsOur study delineates CMT1C as mostly a mild form of neuropathy, and gives clinical and electrophysiological clues differentiating CMT1C from CMT1A and HNPP. Delineating phenotypes in CMT subtypes is important to orient molecular diagnosis and to help to interpret complex molecular findings.
Retracted: Nrf2: a novel therapeutic target in fragile X syndrome is modulated by NNZ2566
Authors: Deacon R. M. J. , Hurley M. J. , Rebolledo C. M. , Snape M. , Altimiras F. J. , Farías L. , Pino M. , Biekofsky R. , Glass L. , Cogram P. 
Published: February 2017

Retraction: “Nrf2: a novel therapeutic target in fragile X syndrome is modulated by NNZ2566” by R. M. J. Deacon, M. J. Hurley, C. M. Rebolledo, M. Snape, F. J. Altimiras, L. Farías, M. Pino, R. Biekofsky, L. Glass and P. Cogram.The above article, from Genes, Brain and Behavior, published online on 12th May 2017 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor in Chief, Andrew Holmes and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed as all authors cannot agree on a revised author order, and at least one author continues to dispute the original order. In this case, the original article is being retracted on the grounds that the journal does not have permission to publish.Reference:Deacon, R. M. J., Hurley, M. J., Rebolledo, C. M., Snape, M., Altimiras, F. J., Farías, L., Pino, M., Biekofsky, R., Glass, L. and Cogram, P. (2017), Nrf2: a novel therapeutic target in fragile X syndrome is modulated by NNZ2566. Genes, Brain and Behavior. doi:10.1111/gbb.12373.
Phenotypic distribution models corroborate species distribution models: A shift in the role and prevalence of a dominant prairie grass in response to climate change
Authors: Smith Adam B. , Alsdurf Jacob , Knapp Mary , Baer Sara G. , Johnson Loretta C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPhenotypic distribution within species can vary widely across environmental gradients but forecasts of species’ responses to environmental change often assume species respond homogenously across their ranges. We compared predictions from species and phenotype distribution models under future climate scenarios for Andropogon gerardii, a widely distributed, dominant grass found throughout the central United States. Phenotype data on aboveground biomass, height, leaf width, and chlorophyll content were obtained from 33 populations spanning a ~1000 km gradient that encompassed the majority of the species’ environmental range. Species and phenotype distribution models were trained using current climate conditions and projected to future climate scenarios. We used permutation procedures to infer the most important variable for each model. The species‐level response to climate was most sensitive to maximum temperature of the hottest month, but phenotypic variables were most sensitive to mean annual precipitation. The phenotype distribution models predict that A. gerardii could be largely functionally eliminated from where this species currently dominates, with biomass and height declining by up to ~60% and leaf width by ~20%. By the 2070s, the core area of highest suitability for A. gerardii is projected to shift up to ~700 km northeastward. Further, short‐statured phenotypes found in the present‐day short grass prairies on the western periphery of the species’ range will become favored in the current core ~800 km eastward of their current location. Combined, species and phenotype models predict this currently dominant prairie grass will decline in prevalence and stature. Thus, sourcing plant material for grassland restoration and forage should consider changes in the phenotype that will be favored under future climate conditions. Phenotype distribution models account for the role of intraspecific variation in determining responses to anticipated climate change and thereby complement predictions from species distributions models in guiding climate adaptation strategies.
Do low oxygen environments facilitate marine invasions? Relative tolerance of native and invasive species to low oxygen conditions
Authors: Lagos Marcelo E. , Barneche Diego R. , White Craig R. , Marshall Dustin J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBiological invasions are one of the biggest threats to global biodiversity. Marine artificial structures are proliferating worldwide and provide a haven for marine invasive species. Such structures disrupt local hydrodynamics, which can lead to the formation of oxygen‐depleted microsites. The extent to which native fauna can cope with such low oxygen conditions, and whether invasive species, long associated with artificial structures in flow‐restricted habitats, have adapted to these conditions remains unclear. We measured water flow and oxygen availability in marinas and piers at the scales relevant to sessile marine invertebrates (mm). We then measured the capacity of invasive and native marine invertebrates to maintain metabolic rates under decreasing levels of oxygen using standard laboratory assays. We found that marinas reduce water flow relative to piers, and that local oxygen levels can be zero in low flow conditions. We also found that for species with erect growth forms, invasive species can tolerate much lower levels of oxygen relative to native species. Integrating the field and laboratory data showed that up to 30% of available microhabitats within low flow environments are physiologically stressful for native species, while only 18% of the same habitat is physiologically stressful for invasive species. These results suggest that invasive species have adapted to low oxygen habitats associated with manmade habitats, and artificial structures may be creating niche opportunities for invasive species.
Sedation with orally administered midazolam in elderly dental patients with major neurocognitive disorder
Authors: Rignell Lena , Mikati Mona , Wertsén Madeleine , Hägglin Catharina 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate acceptance of treatment after oral sedation with midazolam in dental patients with major neurocognitive disorder.BackgroundMidazolam is commonly used as premedication in paediatric dentistry, oral surgery and people suffering from dental fear. Little is known about its use in other patient groups.MethodsDental and sedation records of 61 patients (64% women) sedated with midazolam were examined retrospectively. All records came from patients with major neurocognitive disorder who had been referred to a special dental care unit in Sweden due to uncooperative behaviour and sedated with orally administered midazolam between 2006 and 2011. Data concerning dose, degree of acceptance of dental treatment (four‐point scale) and number of possible interacting drugs were collected from dental records.ResultsOn average, the participants were 80 years old (range: 62‐93) and used 3.4 possible interacting drugs. The average midazolam dose was 0.11 mg/kg body weight, which is in line with the regional medical guidelines for sedation. Twenty‐seven participants (44%) had no cooperation problems when sedated, twenty‐six (43%) were treated with minor adaptations, five had poor cooperation, and three were not possible to treat. No statistically significant differences were found for degree of acceptance of treatment and dose or number of possible interacting drugs. Antiepileptics were used by 13% (n=7) with good or quite good acceptance compared to 37% (n=3) among those with poor or no acceptance. Unfavourable side effects were rare; one participant became hyperactive and one drowsier than expected.ConclusionSedation with orally administered midazolam seems to be effective and safe in dental treatment of uncooperative persons with major neurocognitive disorder.