bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early high school engagement in students with attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Zendarski Nardia , Sciberras Emma , Mensah Fiona , Hiscock Harriet 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundStudents with attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continue to languish behind their peers with regard to academic achievement and education attainment. School engagement is potentially modifiable, and targeting engagement may be a means to improve education outcomes.AimsTo investigate school engagement for students with ADHD during the crucial high school transition period and to identify factors associated with low school engagement.SampleParticipants are adolescents (12–15 years) in the first and third year of high school with diagnosed ADHD (n = 130). Participants were recruited from 21 paediatric practices.MethodsCross‐sectional study assessing school engagement. Data were collected through direct assessment and child, parent, and teacher surveys. School engagement is measured as student attitudes to school (cognitive and emotional) and suspension rates (behavioural). Multivariable regression analyses examined student, family, and school factors affecting engagement.ResultsIn comparison with state data, students with ADHD in the first year of high school were less motivated (p < .01) and less connected to peers (p < .01). Overall, there was no discordance in third year attitudes. There were high rates of suspension in both years in comparison to state‐wide suspensions (21% vs. 6%, p < .01). Explanatory factors for poor attitudes include adolescent depression, poor adolescent supervision, and devaluing education. Conduct problems and increased hyperactivity were related to increased likelihood of being suspended, whilst higher cognitive ability, family socio‐economic status, and independent schools reduced risk.ConclusionsPotentially modifiable individual and family factors including adolescent depression, behavioural problems, education values, and family supervision could be targeted to better manage the high school transition for students with ADHD.
From genetics to epigenetics: new insights into keloid scarring
Authors: He Yongjing , Deng Zhenjun , Alghamdi Mansour , Lu Lechun , Fear Mark W. , He Li 
Published: January 2017

AbstractKeloid scarring is a dermal fibroproliferative response characterized by excessive and progressive deposition of collagen; aetiology and molecular pathology underlying keloid formation and progression remain unclear. Genetic predisposition is important in the pathogenic processes of keloid formation, however, environmental factors and epigenetic mechanisms may also play pivotal roles. Epigenetic modification is a recent area of investigation in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of keloid scarring and there is increasing evidence that epigenetic changes may play a role in induction and persistent activation of fibroblasts in keloid scars. Here we have reviewed three epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone modification and the role of non‐coding RNAs. We also review the evidence that these mechanisms may play a role in keloid formation ‐ in future, it may be possible that epigenetic markers may be used instead of prognostic or diagnostic markers here. However, there is a significant amount of work required to increase our current understanding of the role of epigenetic modification in keloid disease.
Good outcome of living donor liver transplantation in drug‐induced acute liver failure: A single‐center experience
Authors: Choudhary Narendra Singh , Saigal Sanjiv , Saraf Neeraj , Rastogi Amit , Goja Sanjay , Bhangui Prashant , Vohra Vijay , Govil Deepak , Soin Arvinder S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionDrug‐induced acute liver failure (ALF) is associated with high mortality. There is limited literature on results of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).Material and MethodsThe study was conducted at a tertiary care center in North India. All patients who received LDLT for drug‐induced ALF were included. The data are shown as median (IQR).ResultsA total of 18 patients (15 females and three males), aged 34 (25‐45) years, underwent LDLT for drug‐induced liver injury (DILI)‐related ALF. Etiology of ALF was antitubercular medications (n=14), orlistat (n=1), flutamide (n=1), and complementary alternative medications (n=2). The baseline parameters were as following: bilirubin 17.7 (16.3‐23.8) mg/dL, INR 3.3 (2.5‐4.0), jaundice encephalopathy interval 6 (3‐17.5) days, arterial ammonia 109 μmol/L (73‐215), Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) 24 (18‐33), grade of encephalopathy 2 (1‐4), which progressed to grade 3 (3‐4) before transplantation. All patients underwent right lobe LDLT; hospital stay was 17 (13‐22) days, and ICU stay was 5 (5‐7) days. Two patients died in the first month after liver transplantation due to sepsis and multi‐organ failure; the rest of the patients are alive and doing well at a follow‐up of 50 (4‐82 months).ConclusionGood outcomes can be obtained by LDLT for drug‐induced ALF.
A decade of boreal rich fen greenhouse gas fluxes in response to natural and experimental water table variability
Authors: Olefeldt David , Euskirchen Eugénie S. , Harden Jennifer , Kane Evan , McGuire A. David , Waldrop Mark P. , Turetsky Merritt R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRich fens are common boreal ecosystems with distinct hydrology, biogeochemistry and ecology that influence their carbon (C) balance. We present growing season soil chamber methane emission (FCH4), ecosystem respiration (ER), net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and gross primary production (GPP) fluxes from a 9‐years water table manipulation experiment in an Alaskan rich fen. The study included major flood and drought years, where wetting and drying treatments further modified the severity of droughts. Results support previous findings from peatlands that drought causes reduced magnitude of growing seasonFCH4,GPPandNEE, thus reducing or reversing their C sink function. Experimentally exacerbated droughts further reduced the capacity for the fen to act as a C sink by causing shifts in vegetation and thus reducing magnitude of maximum growing seasonGPPin subsequent flood years by ~15% compared to control plots. Conversely, water table position had only a weak influence onER, but dominant contribution toERswitched from autotrophic respiration in wet years to heterotrophic in dry years. Droughts did not cause inter‐annual lag effects onERin this rich fen, as has been observed in several nutrient‐poor peatlands. WhileERwas dependent on soil temperatures at 2 cm depth,FCH4was linked to soil temperatures at 25 cm. Inter‐annual variability of deep soil temperatures was in turn dependent on wetness rather than air temperature, and higherFCH4in flooded years was thus equally due to increased methane production at depth and decreased methane oxidation near the surface. Short‐term fluctuations in wetness caused significant lag effects onFCH4, but droughts caused no inter‐annual lag effects onFCH4. Our results show that frequency and severity of droughts and floods can have characteristic effects on the exchange of greenhouse gases, and emphasize the need to project future hydrological regimes in rich fens.
Regional variation in the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in China's forests and grasslands
Authors: Liu Yuan , He Nianpeng , Zhu Jianxing , Xu Li , Yu Guirui , Niu Shuli , Sun Xiaomin , Wen Xuefa 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHow to assess the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and its regional variation with high accuracy is one of the largest uncertainties in determining the intensity and direction of the global carbon (C) cycle in response to climate change. In this study, we collected a series of soils from 22 forest sites and 30 grassland sites across China to explore regional variation inQ10and its underlying mechanisms. We conducted a novel incubation experiment with periodically changing temperature (5–30 °C), while continuously measuring soil microbial respiration rates. The results showed thatQ10varied significantly across different ecosystems, ranging from 1.16 to 3.19 (mean 1.63).Q10was ordered as follows: alpine grasslands (2.01) > temperate grasslands (1.81) > tropical forests (1.59) > temperate forests (1.55) > subtropical forests (1.52). TheQ10of grasslands (1.90) was significantly higher than that of forests (1.54). Furthermore,Q10significantly increased with increasing altitude and decreased with increasing longitude. Environmental variables and substrate properties together explained 52% of total variation inQ10across all sites. Overall,pHand soil electrical conductivity primarily explained spatial variation inQ10. The general negative relationships betweenQ10and substrate quality among all ecosystem types supported the C quality temperature (CQT) hypothesis at a large scale, which indicated that soils with low quality should have higher temperature sensitivity. Furthermore, alpine grasslands, which had the highestQ10, were predicted to be more sensitive to climate change under the scenario of global warming.
Effects of Lactobacillus buchneri as a silage inoculant or probiotic on in vitro organic matter digestibility, gas production and volatile fatty acids of low dry‐matter whole‐crop maize silage
Authors: Rabelo C. H. S. , Basso F. C. , Lara E. C. , Jorge L. G. O. , Härter C. J. , Mari L. J. , Reis R. A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOur objective was to investigate Lactobacillus buchneri as a silage inoculant or probiotic on in vitro ruminal measurements of low dry‐matter whole‐crop maize silage. In vitro gas production was conducted using untreated (without inoculant) and inoculated (treated with L. buchneri CNCM I‐4323 at 1 × 105 cfu g−1 of fresh forage) maize silages (wet‐ground) incubated with three different ruminal inocula, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Ruminal fluids were collected from wethers consuming (i) untreated maize silage (RF‐U); (ii) inoculated maize silage (RF‐I); and (iii) untreated maize silage with a daily dose of L. buchneri CNCM I‐4323 administered directly into the rumen (1 × 107 cfu g−1 of supplied silage [LB‐probiotic]). Gas production was consistently higher when inoculated silage was used as the substrate of fermentation, compared to the untreated silage. When untreated silage was used as substrate, the total volatile fatty acid concentration was higher using RF‐I and LB‐probiotic inocula, compared to the RF‐U inoculum, at 9 hr and at 48 hr of fermentation. It is concluded that L. buchneri should be used as a silage inoculant rather than as a probiotic because it alters fermentation within the silo thereby improving silage quality and enabling some benefits for ruminal fermentation.
Use of novel attraction compounds increases monitoring success of a rare beetle, Elater ferrugineus
Authors: Harvey Deborah J. , Harvey Hannah , Harvey Rachael P. , Kadej Marcin , Hedenström Erik , Gange Alan C. , Finch Paul 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

The use of pheromones to determine distributions of rare saproxylic insects is an increasingly popular technique. Pheromones may, however, also be used to elucidate the biology of these cryptic species, a vital requirement if they are to be accurately monitored and conserved.

We used non‐invasive aerial trapping to compare the effectiveness of chemicals produced by Elater ferrugineus L (Coleoptera: Elateridae), namely 7‐methyloctyl (Z)‐4‐decenoate (the female‐produced sex pheromone), and male compounds (geranyl and neryl acetone and 6‐methyl‐5‐heptene‐2‐one). The male compounds were identified using headspace analysis by solid phase micro‐extraction gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry.

We discovered that males only produce these two compounds after having been attracted to a female, and that this serves to attract further males to a female.

Such compounds do not appear to attract females but for a species that has a short activity period and is non‐feeding in the adult stage, may ensure breeding success when populations are low.

By marking all beetles caught, we were able to demonstrate that recapture rate using this method is low (approximately 11% of total captures annually). Therefore, the method does not limit dispersal or breeding opportunities, making it a valuable tool for monitoring endangered saproxylic beetle species.
Hidradenitis suppurativa treated with tetracycline in combination with colchicine: a prospective series of 20 patients
Authors: Armyra Kalliopi , Kouris Anargyros , Markantoni Vasiliki , Katsambas Andreas , Kontochristopoulos George 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the follicular epithelium.ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of tetracycline with colchicine in the treatment of HS.MethodsTwenty patients (10 women and 10 men) with HS were included in an open, prospective, pilot study. All patients were treated with 100 mg minocycline administered orally once per day in combination with 0.5 mg colchicine administered twice per day for 6 months followed by a maintenance regimen of 0.5 mg colchicine administered orally twice per day for 3 months. Patients were examined at baseline and thereafter every 3 months for a total of 9 months. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated using a physician's global assessment (PGA) scale, the Hurley scoring system, and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).ResultsA significant improvement in clinical manifestation was reflected in scores on the Hurley scoring system and DLQI. According to the PGA, patients achieved substantial improvement or complete remission. Clinically, all patients started to show signs of improvement within the first 3 months of therapy and continued to improve over the next 6 months.ConclusionsThis study indicates that the combination of the anti‐inflammatory actions of colchicine and minocycline is effective in disease control in HS. Colchicine emerged as a safe option for the maintenance of the obtained result.
Tracing the evolution of EU images using a case‐study of Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Chaban Natalia , Kelly Serena 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPositioned within the multidisciplinary scholarly fields of political psychology, our analysis follows an interdisciplinary approach, linking the study of EU images (from international relations (IR), political science and EU Studies) to the notion of conceptual metaphors (cognitive linguistics). Our research uses a novel empirical tool – a four‐tiered model of conceptual metaphors (Zhabotynska, 2011) to assess how meanings are formed in the construction of EU images in third countries. Using a case‐study of Australian and New Zealand elites, the paper contributes to EU foreign policy scholarship through the description of a systematic algorithm for tracing the ‘mapping of emotions’ towards the EU from beyond its borders. Metaphors are understood as a cognitive device for translating emotions, but empirical analysis of emotions is nascent in IR studies. Assessing EU external images over time in an empirically‐informed and systematic way is a further novel contribution from this body of research.
Aboriginal prisoners and cognitive impairment: the impact of dual disadvantage on Social and Emotional Wellbeing
Authors: Shepherd S. M. , Ogloff J. R. P. , Shea D. , Pfeifer J. E. , Paradies Y. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundNegligible information is available regarding the Social and Emotional Wellbeing (SEWB) needs of Aboriginal Australian individuals in custody with cognitive impairment. This is problematic given that Aboriginal people with cognitive impairment often experience dual disadvantage in the context of the justice system. This study sought to ascertain the relationship between cognitive impairment and mental health/cultural needs (SEWB) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in custody.MethodA sample of 122 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were administered a culturally themed semi‐structured questionnaire in custodial settings in Victoria, Australia. The questionnaire included measures of cognitive impairment, SEWB and forensic needs. Analyses were performed to determine differences in the presence of SEWB and unmet custodial needs by level of cognitive impairment.ResultsFindings revealed a diminished level of wellbeing for cognitively impaired participants across several factors. Cognitive impairment was associated with poorer coping mechanisms, additional experiences of racism, difficulties handling emotions, discomfort around non‐Aboriginal people and reduced access to meaningful activities in custody. All participants regardless of their level of impairment recognised the importance of cultural engagement; however, cognitively impaired participants had greater difficulty accessing/practicing cultural activities.ConclusionsCulturally responsive disability assistance should be available at all phases of the justice system for Indigenous people with cognitive impairment to ensure that equitable care is accessible and needs are addressed.
The 6‐min mastication test: a unique test to assess endurance of continuous chewing, normal values, reliability, reproducibility and usability in patients with mitochondrial disease
Authors: van den Engel‐Hoek L. , Knuijt S. , van Gerven M. H. J. C. , Lagarde M. L. J. , Groothuis J. T. , de Groot I. J. M. , Janssen M. C. H. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIn patients with mitochondrial disease, fatigue and muscle problems are the most common complaints. They also experience these complaints during mastication. To measure endurance of continuous mastication in patients with mitochondrial diseases, the 6‐min mastication test (6MMT) was developed. This study included the collection of normal data for the 6MMT in a healthy population (children and adults). During 6 min of continuous mastication on a chew tube chewing cycles per minute, total amount of chewing cycles and the difference between minute 1 (M1) and minute 6 (M2) were collected in 271 healthy participants (5–80 years old). These results were compared with those of nine paediatric and 25 adult patients with a mitochondrial disease. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were collected directly after the test and after 5 min. A qualitative rating was made on masticatory movements. The reproducibility of the 6MMT in the healthy population with an interval of approximately 2 weeks was good. The inter‐rater reliability for the observations was excellent. The patient group demonstrated lower total amount of chewing cycles or had greater differences between M1 and M6. The 6MMT is a reliable and objective test to assess endurance of continuous chewing. It demonstrates the ability of healthy children and adults to chew during 6 min with a highly stable frequency of mastication movements. The test may give an explanation for the masticatory problems in patient groups, who are complaining of pain and fatigue during mastication.
Prediction of Genetic Variation in Stocks of Offspring and Its Correlation with Viability and Growth Rate
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Dariusz , Dobosz Stefan , Kaczor Aleksandra 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study tested the accuracy of predictions of genetic variation with Genassemblage 1.0 software and investigated whether offspring with greater genetic variation have higher survivability in aquaculture conditions than offspring with less genetic variation. To achieve these aims, microsatellite polymorphism was used to determine genetic variation in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss, spawners and progeny. Spawning pairs were assembled based on the estimated genetic variation of their offspring. The offspring were divided into two groups: (H) group had higher expected values of heterozygosity (0.93) and allelic richness (41), whereas (L) group had lower expected values (0.63 and 31). The heterozygosity, survivability, and growth rate of these groups were recorded. The observed heterozygosity was 0.93 in (H) group and 0.62 in (L) group. (H) group had slightly higher survivability (89.8%) than (L) group (87.6%), but this difference was not significant (p≥ 0.05), possibly due to residual tetrasomy in the rainbow trout genome. In the offspring, predicted and observed variations were very similar, indicating that Genassemblage 1.0 accurately predicts genetic variation in progeny.
Health effects of resistant starch
Authors: Lockyer S. , Nugent A. P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe merits of a fibre‐rich diet are well documented. Resistant starch (RS) is a form of starch that resists digestion in the small intestine and, as such, is classified as a type of dietary fibre. RS can be categorised as one of five types (RS1–5), some of which occur naturally in foods such as bananas, potatoes, grains and legumes and some of which are produced or modified commercially, and incorporated into food products. This review describes human evidence on the health effects of RS consumption, with the aim of identifying any benefits of RS‐rich foods and RS as a functional ingredient. The reduced glycaemic response consistently reported with RS consumption, when compared with digestible carbohydrate, has resulted in an approved European Union health claim. Thus, RS‐rich foods may be particularly useful for managing diabetes. There appears to be little impact of RS on other metabolic markers, such as blood pressure and plasma lipids, though data are comparatively limited. Promising results on markers of gut health suggest that further research may lead to the classification of RS as a prebiotic. Microbial fermentation of RS in the large intestine to produce short‐chain fatty acids likely underpins some of its biological effects, including increasing satiety. However, effects on appetite have not resulted in notable changes in bodyweight after long‐term consumption. Emerging research suggests potential for RS as an ingredient in oral rehydration solutions and in the treatment of chronic kidney disease. Overall, RS possesses positive properties as a healthy food component.
Relation between cognitive and hedonic responses to a meal
Authors: Ciccantelli B. , Pribic T. , Malagelada C. , Accarino A. , Azpiroz F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundIngestion of a meal induces cognitive and hedonic sensations and our aim was to determine the relation between both dimensions.MethodsIn three groups of healthy non‐obese men (n=10 per group) three types of meals with equivalent levels of palatability were tested: a liquid meal, a solid‐liquid low‐calorie meal, and a solid‐liquid high‐calorie meal. The cognitive and hedonic responses were measured on 10‐cm scales before and during the 30‐minute postprandial period.Key ResultsThe liquid meal induced a relatively strong cognitive response with satiation (4.7±0.7 score increment), fullness (3.3±0.7 score increment), and inhibition of desire of eating a food of choice; in contrast, its impact on sensation of digestive well‐being and satisfaction was not significant (0.7±0.7 score increment). The high‐calorie solid‐liquid meal, with larger volume load and caloric content, induced much lower satiation (2.4±0.8 score increment; P=.041 vs liquid meal) and fullness sensation (1.3±0.6 score increment; P=.031 vs liquid meal), but a markedly higher level of satisfaction (2.7±0.4 score increment; P=.021 vs liquid meal); the low‐calorie mixed meal had less prominent effects with significantly lower satisfaction (1.0±0.4 score increment; P=.039 vs high‐calorie meal).Conclusions and InferencesThe cognitive (satiation, fullness) and hedonic responses (satisfaction) to meals with equivalent levels of palatability, that is, equally likable, are dissociable. The characteristics of meals in terms of satiation and rewarding power could be adapted to specific clinical targets, whether nutritional supplementation or restriction.