bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double pancreatic tumors in an adolescent: Imaging features
Authors: Odagiri Shino , Tokuhara Daisuke , Nishigaki Satsuki , Cho Yuki , Shintaku Haruo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInsulinoma is generally identified as a single tumor and seldom occurs in children or adolescents. A 14‐year‐old girl with difficulty in waking was found to have hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. On abdominal ultrasonography two hypoechoic masses (8 and 12 mm in diameter) were seen in the pancreatic body: the larger mass was hypervascular, whereas the smaller one was hypovascular. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed enhancement of the larger mass, but did not delineate the smaller mass. On fat‐suppressed T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, the larger mass was hypointense, but the smaller mass was hyperintense. Pathologically, the larger tumor was normal density, insulin positive, and rich in vascularity, whereas the smaller tumor was high density, insulin negative, and poor in vascularity. The present case suggests that difficulty waking should be considered as a potential etiology in insulinoma, and multiple suspected pancreatic insulinomas should be evaluated using a combination of imaging modalities to characterize each tumor.
Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery: First familial cases in Asia
Authors: Motomura Hideki , Yokokawa Mari , Fukunaga Hirofumi , Nakagaki Mari , Hasuwa Tomoyuki , Moriuchi Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCongenital coronary artery abnormalities may cause sudden death, particularly in athletes. Two siblings, aged 10 and 9 years, respectively, were diagnosed with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery on multi‐detector computed tomography (MDCT). The right coronary artery arose from the left coronary cusp, and was wedged between the aorta and pulmonary artery. This was also noted on cardiac ultrasonography (UCG), but in general this might not be seen on electrocardiography at rest. Although the surgical indications are unclear in the case of unproven ischemia, early recognition of the condition may reduce risk of the cardiac events during exercise. The majority of proximal coronary artery anomalies can be screened for on UCG, and confirmed on MDCT, which yields more precise clinical details and is less invasive than angiography. This is the first report of familial cases of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery in Asia.
Increased plasma soluble human leukocyte antigen‐G in persistent wheezy infants
Authors: Tahan Fulya , Eke Gungor Hatice , Akar Himmet Haluk , Saraymen Berkay 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐G is a non‐classical major histocompatibility complex class I antigen characterized by limited polymorphism in its coding region, unique tissue expression pattern in physiologic conditions and immunomodulatory properties. Recently, the level of soluble (s)HLA‐G was found to be higher in atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis, but this remains to be clarified in wheezy infants. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate sHLA‐G in wheezy infants.MethodsThe subjects consisted of infants with persistent wheezing and positive modified asthma predictive index (mAPI; n = 30; persistent group) and those with transient wheezing and negative mAPI (n = 17; transient group). sHLA‐G was measured in plasma using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil count were measured, and skin testing was performed with a battery of 13 antigens with appropriate positive and negative controls.ResultssHLA‐G was significantly higher in the persistent wheezing (positive mAPI) group compared with the transient wheezing (negative mAPI) group (P = 0.008). There was no significant difference in peripheral blood eosinophil count and total IgE between the groups.ConclusionsThe increased sHLA‐G in infants with persistent wheeze suggests that sHLA‐G may be able to be used to distinguish persistent from transient wheeze. Further comprehensive studies are needed on this topic.
South–south cooperation for large‐scale ecological restoration
Authors: Liu Junguo , Calmon Miguel , Clewell Andre , Liu Jianguo , Denjean Benjamin , Engel Vera L. , Aronson James 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNatural capital degradation worldwide signals the growing need for larger investments in both nature conservation and ecosystem services provision and management. The role of large‐scale ecological restoration is a vital part of the work that is needed. One important way to advance the science, practice, and policy on ecological restoration is to develop and promote bilateral and multilateral cooperation among and within countries. In this article, we explore prospects for south–south cooperation for large‐scale ecological restoration. Emphasis is given to experience and expertise sharing, cofinancing, and codevelopment of new knowledge and know‐how for more effective policy and practice worldwide, especially in developing and newly industrialized countries.
Tank bromeliad transplants as an enrichment strategy in southern Costa Rica
Authors: Fernandez Barrancos Estefania P. , Reid J. Leighton , Aronson James 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEpiphytes represent up to 50% of all vascular plant species in neotropical forests but they are among the slowest plants to recolonize regenerating ecosystems. This discrepancy underlines the need for restoration ecologists to learn how to assist the colonization of organisms in this key functional group. Transplanting tank bromeliads (i.e. bromeliads featuring overlapping leaves that form a water impounding rosette) could be a good approach in the neotropics, where abundant, fallen bromeliads can be sustainably collected from the forest floor. Moreover, tank bromeliads could accelerate restoration processes by providing relatively stable microenvironments for invertebrates, thus helping them resist severe drought and high temperatures, such as predicted in light of many climate change models. We transplanted 60 individuals of the tank bromeliad Werauhia gladioliflora onto trunks and branches of comparable size and orientation on three host tree species. The study took place in three long‐term restoration plantations located in a tropical premontane rainforest zone in southern Costa Rica. Transplant survivorship after 9 months varied among sites, from 65 to 95%. Transplants hosted twice as many arthropod orders as untreated control branches, and they buffered microclimates during the driest (+1.7 to 19.7% relative humidity) and warmest (−0.5 to 5.0°C) times of the day. Our results suggest that bromeliad transplantation is a cost‐effective (circa $0.5 USD/successful transplant) strategy to assist the recovery of epiphyte diversity in forest restoration sites with minimal impact on source populations. Longer‐term studies are needed to test this strategy for other epiphyte families or for mixed‐taxa assemblages found on fallen branches.
Restoration of Sphagnum and restiad peatlands in Australia and New Zealand reveals similar approaches
Authors: Clarkson Beverley , Whinam Jennie , Good Roger , Watts Corinne 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPeatlands in Australia and New Zealand are composed mainly of Restionaceous and Cyperaceous peats, although Sphagnum peat is common in wetter climates (Mean Annual Precipitation > 1,000 mm) and at higher altitudes (>1,000 m). Experimental trials in two contrasting peatland types—fire‐damaged Sphagnum peatlands in the Australian Alps and cutover restiad bogs in lowland New Zealand—revealed similar approaches to peatland restoration. Hydrological restoration and rehydration of drying peats involved blocking drainage ditches to raise water tables or, additionally in burnt Sphagnum peatlands, peat‐trenching, and the use of sterilized straw bales to form semipermanent “dam walls” and barriers to spread and slow surface water movement. Recovery to the predisturbance vegetation community was most successful once protective microclimates had been established, either artificially or naturally. Specifically, horizontally laid shadecloth resulted in Sphagnum cristatum regeneration rates and biomass production 3–4 times that of unshaded vegetation (Australia), and early successional nurse shrubs facilitated establishment of Sporadanthus ferrugineus (New Zealand) within 2–3 years. On severely burnt or cutover sites, a patch dynamic approach using transplants of Sphagnum or creation of restiad peat “islands” markedly improved vegetation recovery. In New Zealand, this approach has been scaled up to whole mine‐site restoration, in which the newly vegetated islands provide habitat and seed sources for plants and invertebrates to spread onto surrounding areas. Although a vegetation cover can be established relatively rapidly in both peatland types, restoration of invertebrate communities, ecosystem processes, and peat hydrological function and accumulation may take many decades.
Influence of SIGLEC9 polymorphisms on COPD phenotypes including exacerbation frequency
Authors: Ishii Takeo , Angata Takashi , Wan Emily S. , Cho Michael H. , Motegi Takashi , Gao Congxiao , Ohtsubo Kazuaki , Kitazume Shinobu , Gemma Akihiko , ParÉ Peter D. , Lomas David A. , Silverman Edwin K. , Taniguchi Naoyuki , Kida Kozui 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveThe exacerbation‐prone phenotype of COPD is particularly important, as exacerbations lead to poor quality of life and disease progression. We previously found that COPD patients who lack Siglec‐14, a myeloid cell protein that recognizes bacteria and triggers inflammatory responses, are less prone to exacerbation. We hypothesized that the variations in other
SIGLEC
genes could also influence COPD exacerbation frequency, and investigated the association between SIGLEC9 polymorphisms and the exacerbation‐prone phenotype of COPD.MethodsWe examined whether SIGLEC9 polymorphisms affect the frequency of COPD exacerbation in 135 subjects within our study population, and also analysed the correlation between the genotypes and the severity of airflow obstruction and emphysema in 362 Japanese smokers including 244 COPD patients. The association between these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and COPD phenotypes were also assessed in a Caucasian population of ECLIPSE study. The effects of these coding SNPs (cSNPs) on Siglec‐9 protein functions were analysed using in vitro assays.ResultsThe G allele of rs2075803 and rs2075803 G/rs2258983 A(GA) haplotype in
SIGLEC9
was associated with higher frequency of exacerbations and the extent of emphysema in COPD. These results did not replicate in the ECLIPSE study. A myeloid cell line expressing the Siglec‐9 variant corresponding to GA haplotype produced more TNF‐α than the one expressing the variant corresponding to the other major haplotype.ConclusionThe SIGLEC9 rs2075803 G/rs2258983 A haplotype, which corresponds to a Siglec‐9 variant that is less effective at suppressing inflammatory response, may be a risk factor for the development of emphysema.
Evaluation of raw acceleration sedentary thresholds in children and adults
Authors: Hildebrand Maria , Hansen Bjørge H. , van Hees Vincent T. , Ekelund Ulf 
Published: November 2016

The aim was to develop sedentary (sitting/lying) thresholds from hip and wrist worn raw tri‐axial acceleration data from the ActiGraph and GENEActiv, and to examine the agreement between free‐living time spent below these thresholds with sedentary time estimated by the activPAL. Sixty children and adults wore an ActiGraph and GENEActiv on the hip and wrist while performing six structured activities, before wearing the monitors, in addition to an activPAL, for 24 h. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine sedentary thresholds based on activities in the laboratory. Agreement between developed sedentary thresholds during free‐living and activPAL were assessed by Bland‐Altman plots and by calculating sensitivity and specificity. Using laboratory data and ROC‐curves showed similar classification accuracy for wrist and hip thresholds (Area under the curve = 0.84–0.92). Greatest sensitivity (97–98%) and specificity (74–78%) were observed for the wrist thresholds, with no large differences between brands. During free‐living, Bland‐Altman plots showed large mean individual biases and 95% limits of agreement compared with activPAL, with smallest difference for the ActiGraph wrist threshold in children (+30 min, P = 0.3). Sensitivity and specificity for the developed thresholds during free‐living were low for both age groups and for wrist (Sensitivity, 68–88%, Specificity, 46–59%) and hip placements (Sensitivity, 89–97%, Specificity, 26–34%). Laboratory derived sedentary thresholds generally overestimate free‐living sedentary time compared with activPAL. Wrist thresholds appear to perform better than hip thresholds for estimating free‐living sedentary time in children and adults relative to activPAL, however, specificity for all the developed thresholds are low.
Non‐invasive tools for the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Fink C. , Haenssle H. A. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundWhile the excisional biopsy and histological examination of suspicious lesions remains the current gold standard for diagnosing cutaneous melanoma (CM), there is a demand for more objective and non‐invasive examination methods that may support clinicians in their decision when to biopsy or not.MethodsThis review is based on publications and guidelines retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and MEDLINE and focused on non‐invasive diagnostic strategies for detecting melanoma.ResultsTen different non‐invasive techniques were compared with regard to applicability, status of development, and resources necessary for introduction into clinical routine (dermoscopy, sequential digital dermoscopy, total body photography, computer‐aided multispectral digital analysis, electrical impedance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, multiphoton tomography, stepwise two‐photon‐laser spectroscopy, quantitative dynamic infrared imaging). In an effort to create a classification based on our analyses, we suggest to differentiate i) tools for screening of patients in daily clinical routine, ii) tools for examination of a restricted number of preselected lesions that produce an automated diagnostic score, iii) tools for examination of a restricted number of preselected lesions at specialized centers requiring extensive training, iv) devices at an experimental stage of development.ConclusionNone of the discussed examination techniques is able to provide a definite and final diagnosis or to completely replace the histopathological examination. Up to date, the need for fully automated devices offering a complete skin cancer screening has not been satisfied.
The purposes of cultural supervision
Authors: Eketone Anaru 
Published: November 2016

If you are working in the social services sector, over 40 and Māori, chances are that you will have been asked to provide cultural supervision for a younger Māori worker. However, when you ask what do they mean by cultural supervision, after a slightly panicked look, you can get a variety of different answers. They all know that it is supposed to be done, that it is considered important, in fact some are required by their employers or contracts to have it, but until very recently few seem to know what they actually wanted. This article reports on a brief research project as part of a Masters in Social Welfare programme that interviewed Māori social workers and Māori and Pākehā social work managers about their expectations and experiences of cultural supervision. The participants were asked four questions about the purpose of cultural supervision, who should get cultural supervision, the qualities of a cultural supervisor and problems they had encountered in cultural supervision. Four different types of cultural supervision are identified
Māori social work views and practices of rapport building with rangatahi Māori
Authors: Mooney Hannah 
Published: November 2016

This article presents the results of a qualitative study that explored Māori social workers’ perspectives of working to establish rapport with rangatahi Māori in community mental health services. The research was conducted using a social constructionist perspective, informed and guided by Māori-centred research principles. Six Māori social workers from different parts of the country volunteered to participate in semi-structured interviews. These face-to-face interviews were designed after reviewing current literature and were guided by a practice framework that enabled the voices of the Māori social workers to be heard, eliciting in detail where their views have come from. The findings from the research showed that Māori social workers view rapport as essential in their practice and therefore they practise in a way that facilitates this. They utilise values and beliefs in their practice, integrated with a Māori worldview, that contribute towards rapport building with youth and also with their whänau. Reflective practice is used constantly in order to maintain ethical practice. The practice implications are also discussed; that an understanding of how Māori social workers view and practise rapport can be beneficial, that there is a need for whānau involvement and that this can enhance rapport with rangatahi, that an inherent valuing of rangatahi is key and finally that reflective practice is essential for Māori social work professional and personal development.
Phenotypic Profiling Reveals that Candida albicans Opaque Cells Represent a Metabolically Specialized Cell State Compared to Default White Cells
Authors: Ene Iuliana V. , Lohse Matthew B. , Vladu Adrian V. , Morschhäuser Joachim , Johnson Alexander D. , Bennett Richard J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

The white-opaque switch is a bistable, epigenetic transition affecting multiple traits in
Candida albicans
including mating, immunogenicity, and niche specificity. To compare how the two cell states respond to external cues, we examined the fitness, phenotypic switching, and filamentation properties of white cells and opaque cells under 1,440 different conditions at 25°C and 37°C. We demonstrate that white and opaque cells display striking differences in their integration of metabolic and thermal cues, so that the two states exhibit optimal fitness under distinct conditions. White cells were fitter than opaque cells under a wide range of environmental conditions, including growth at various pHs and in the presence of chemical stresses or antifungal drugs. This difference was exacerbated at 37°C, consistent with white cells being the default state of
C. albicans
in the mammalian host. In contrast, opaque cells showed greater fitness than white cells under select nutritional conditions, including growth on diverse peptides at 25°C. We further demonstrate that filamentation is significantly rewired between the two states, with white and opaque cells undergoing filamentous growth in response to distinct external cues. Genetic analysis was used to identify signaling pathways impacting the white-opaque transition both
in vitro
and in a murine model of commensal colonization, and three sugar sensing pathways are revealed as regulators of the switch. Together, these findings establish that white and opaque cells are programmed for differential integration of metabolic and thermal cues and that opaque cells represent a more metabolically specialized cell state than the default white state.

IMPORTANCE
Epigenetic transitions are an important mechanism by which microbes adapt to external stimuli. For
Candida albicans
, such transitions are crucial for adaptation to complex, fluctuating environments, and therefore contribute to its success as a human pathogen. The white-opaque switch modulates multiple
C. albicans
attributes, from sexual competency to niche specificity. Here, we demonstrate that metabolic circuits are extensively rewired between white and opaque states, so that the two cell types exhibit optimal fitness under different nutritional conditions and at different temperatures. We thereby establish that epigenetic events can profoundly alter the metabolism of fungal cells. We also demonstrate that epigenetic switching regulates filamentation and biofilm formation, two phenotypes closely associated with pathogenesis. These experiments reveal that white cells, considered the most clinically relevant form of
C. albicans
, are a “general-purpose” state suited to many environments, whereas opaque cells appear to represent a more metabolically specialized form of the species.
Brd4 Activates Early Viral Transcription upon Human Papillomavirus 18 Infection of Primary Keratinocytes
Authors: McKinney Caleb C. , Kim Min Jung , Chen Dan , McBride Alison A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) replicate in the cutaneous and mucosal epithelia, and the infectious cycle is synchronous with the differentiation program of the host keratinocytes. The virus initially infects dividing cells in the lower layers of the epithelium, where it establishes a persistent infection. The viral genome is maintained as a low-copy-number, extrachromosomal element in these proliferating cells but switches to the late stage of the life cycle in differentiated cells. The cellular chromatin adaptor protein Brd4 is involved in several stages and processes of the viral life cycle. In concert with the viral transcriptional regulator E2, Brd4 can repress transcription from the early viral promoter. Brd4 and E2 form a complex with the viral genome that associates with host chromosomes to partition the viral genome in dividing cells; Brd4 also localizes to active sites of productive HPV DNA replication. However, because of the difficulties in producing HPV viral particles, the role of Brd4 in modulating viral transcription and replication at the initial stage of infection is unclear. In this study, we have used an HPV18 quasivirus-based genome delivery system to assess the role of Brd4 in the initial infectivity of primary human keratinocytes. We show that, upon infection of primary human keratinocytes with HPV18 quasivirus, Brd4 activates viral transcription and replication. Furthermore, this activation is independent of the functional interaction between Brd4 and the HPV18 E2 protein.

IMPORTANCE
HPVs lack encapsidated proteins and so rely exquisitely on host cellular factors to initiate their gene expression programs in newly infected cells. Brd4 is an important cellular chromatin adaptor molecule that normally activates host transcription initiation and elongation. In this study, we further optimize and utilize a quasivirus infection system to show that Brd4 activates HPV18 transcription at early stages of infection. HPVs are important human pathogens causing a wide range of cutaneous and tumorigenic morbidities. Therefore, specifically targeting this protein could provide a new target of therapeutic prevention of establishment of HPV infections.