bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A History of Mental Ability Tests and Theories
Authors: Wasserman John D. , Kaufman Alan S. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The concepts of measurement and theory have always been central to psychological science. This chapter reviews the history of applied mental tests and the ideas behind them, with a specific emphasis on individually administered intellectual measures in the era of scientific psychology (i.e., after Wundt). The chapter discusses theoretical underpinnings associated with mental tests and test/theory falsifications. Beginning with the contributions of Francis Galton and J. McKeen Cattell and continuing through the present, the topics discussed include anthropometric testing, Charles Spearman’s two-factor theory and general intelligence factor, Alfred Binet and David Wechsler’s pragmatic approaches, Raymond B. Cattell and John L. Horn’s fluid and crystallized intelligence, John B. Carroll’s three-stratum model of cognitive abilities, and Alexander R. Luria’s conceptualization of brain-based, cognitive processing. The chapter closes with a discussion about theory-building and falsification in mental testing and the importance of reconciling theory with clinical practice in psychological assessment.
Investment and Debt
Authors: Mosley Layna 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Abstract: This article examines the political determinants and economic consequences of financial openness in low- and middle-income countries, with emphasis on government autonomy rather than on other important outcomes such as economic growth and development. After sketching trends in financial openness in developing countries, the article illustrates how the effects of financial integration are intertwined with the type of capital flow (e.g., short-term versus long-term investment) and with a nation’s domestic interests and institutions. It then considers the possibility that BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) will emerge as alternative financial leaders at a regional or global level. It also assesses the impact of capital flows on government-policy decisions and outcomes before reflecting on the politics of investment and debt.
The Role of the State in Harnessing Trade-and-Investment for Development Purposes
Authors: Moran Theodore H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article focuses on the role of the state in utilizing foreign direct investment (FDI) to achieve development. It begins by considering the benefits and dangers from trade-and-investment flows before turning to the long-standing debate about the merits of export-led growth vs. inward import substitution as a development strategy. It then examines whether the liberalization of trade-and-investment enhances economic growth, particularly in developing countries. The article also discusses “structural transformation” and its implications for labor-market policies; the importance of forced technology transfer in creating national champion firms; the role of an explicit industrial policy in today’s developmental state; and whether developing countries need more “policy space” for trade-and-investment policy than what they are entitled to under free trade agreements, bilateral investment treaties, and the World Trade Organization. Finally, it assesses the politics underlying the use of FDI to develop internationally competitive manufacturing industries in the host country.
Assessment of Improvisation in Music
Authors: Azzara Christopher D. , Snell, II Alden H. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article provides an overview of research on assessment of improvisation in music and offers suggestions for increasing its centrality in music teaching and learning. With listening, improvising, reading, and composing as context for music teaching and learning, it covers historical and philosophical foundations for, and research on, creativity and improvisation. The article’s synthesis of the literature focuses on assessment of ability to interact, group, compare, and anticipate and predict music while improvising. Six elements (repertoire, vocabulary, intuition, reason, reflection, and exemplars) contribute to a holistic and comprehensive creative process that inspires spontaneous and meaningful music making. The article concludes with recommendations for replication and extension of research to provide insight for improvisation assessment.
Percutaneous Release of the First Dorsal Extensor Compartment: A Cadaver Study
Authors: Güleç Ali , Türkmen Faik , Toker Serdar , Acar Mehmet Ali 
Published: October 2016

Background:
To evaluate the efficiency of the percutaneous 18-G needle technique in releasing the fibro-osseous sheath over the first dorsal extensor compartment of the hand.

Methods:
Using anatomic landmarks, percutaneous release was performed with an 18-G needle on 48 wrists of 24 cadavers. The specimens were then dissected and examined for the completeness of the first dorsal extensor compartment release and any tendon or neurovascular injuries. The tunnel length, number of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons, presence of an intertendinous septum, and the effects of these parameters on percutaneous release were evaluated.

Results:
Percutaneous release was performed on all of the wrists, and the evaluation of the adequacy of release revealed 25 complete releases, 21 partial releases, and 2 missed releases. There were 19 cases of tendon complications. No neurovascular injuries were noted. The mean tunnel length was 2.66 ± 30 cm, and the mean number of tendons was 2.75 ± 0.86. A septum was present in 33.3% of cases. Tunnel length and tendon number had no statistically significant effect on release, whereas the presence of a septum was significantly associated with inadequate tunnel release and the development of tendon complications.

Conclusions:
Percutaneous release of the first dorsal extensor compartment using an 18-G needle was associated with high rates of incomplete release and tendon damage in the presence of an intertendinous septum. Further study is required under ultrasound guidance to determine the usefulness of percutaneous release in the first dorsal extensor compartment.

Clinical Relevance:
Release with a percutaneous needle tip in De Quervain’s syndrome may provide the advantages of better cosmetic results with less scar formation and an early return to work.
FROSTED BRANCH ANGIITIS IN METHIMAZOLE-INDUCED ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY-POSITIVE VASCULITIS
Authors: Koike Kenzo J. , Blice Jeffrey P. , Kylstra Jan A. , Ralston Jonathan S. , Self Sally E. , Ruth Natasha M. , Del Priore Lucian V. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
To describe an unusual case of frosted branch angiitis that developed in a patient with acute onset systemic vasculitis possibly triggered by the antithyroid medication methimazole.

Methods:
We conducted a thorough review of the medical records of a 16-year-old female patient who presented with frosted branch angiitis. During the initial hospital admission, the patient underwent an extensive systemic workup to determine the etiology of her disease and ophthalmologic testing including fundus photographs and fluorescein angiography.

Results:
Our patient presented with a unilateral acute onset loss of vision, whose fundus examination revealed the pathognomonic features of frosted branch angiitis. Extensive systemic workup revealed an antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-positive vasculitis, possibly triggered by methimazole.

Conclusion:
This case is the first reported frosted branch angiitis associated with a drug-induced antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-positive vasculitis triggered by methimazole.
Outcomes of Gonioscopy-assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy (GATT) in Eyes With Prior Incisional Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Grover Davinder S. , Godfrey David G. , Smith Oluwatosin , Shi Wei , Feuer William J. , Fellman Ronald L. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
To report on outcomes of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) in eyes with prior incisional glaucoma surgery.

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective review was performed for all patients who underwent a GATT procedure with a history of prior incisional glaucoma surgery.

Results:
Thirty-five eyes of 35 patients were treated. The mean age was 67.7 years. Nineteen eyes had a prior trabeculectomy, 13 eyes had a prior glaucoma drainage device, 4 eyes had a prior trabectome, and 5 eyes had prior endocyclophotocoagulation. Mean follow-up time was 22.7 months. For all eyes, the mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) (SD) was 25.7 (6.5) mm Hg on 3.2 (1.0) glaucoma medications and at 24 months, the mean IOP (SD) was 15.4 (4.9) mm Hg on 2.0 (1.4) glaucoma medications (P<0.001). The prior trabeculectomy group had a preoperative IOP (SD) of 24.6 (6.4) mm Hg on 3.2 (1.0) medications and at month 24, the mean IOP (SD) was 16.7 (5.6) mm Hg on 2.1 (1.4) glaucoma medications. In the prior glaucoma drainage device group, the mean preoperative IOP (SD) was 27.0 (7.1) mm Hg on 3.4 (1.1) glaucoma medications and at 24 months, the mean IOP (SD) was 12.9 (2.6) mm Hg on 2.1 (1.2) glaucoma medications. At 24 months, the cumulative proportion of failure was 0.4 and the cumulative proportion of reoperation was 0.29.

Conclusions:
GATT appears to be safe and successful in treating 60% to 70% of open-angle patients with prior incisional glaucoma surgery. When considering all eyes, there was a significant decrease in IOP and required glaucoma medications at 24 months. This surgery should be considered in certain patients with open angles who have failed a primary traditional glaucoma surgery.
Leprosy and Lack of Awareness in U.S. Clinicians
Authors: Bianchi Terri , Sevigny Gina 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Hansen’s disease, synonymously and commonly referred to as leprosy, is an important consideration when treating any chronic skin disorder and rheumatologic disorder. Personal clinical experience and a review of the literature highlight a lack of awareness for this disease by U.S. clinicians. In this country, accurate diagnosis is delayed. One cannot ensure swift and proper treatment without timely, accurate diagnosis. Unfortunately, severe debilitating nerve and tissue damage can occur within months.
The authors draw upon recent personal and clinical experiences diagnosing and treating cases of the disease during a current resurgence in Florida. The authors aim to encourage readers to increase awareness for this ancient disease. In doing so, its relevance today and essential points in diagnosis and treatment are emphasized. This article is a compilation of our recent clinical experiences, in consultation with one of the world’s leading authorities in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and its complications: The National Hansen’s Disease Program within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Epidermal Acidification and Skin Barrier Optimization in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Pham Quy , Eberting Cheryl Lee 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The importance of the epidermal acid mantle in maintaining the natural flora of the skin and its role in skin barrier homeostasis has been known for decades. Despite well-established evidence that the skin barrier pH is elevated in patients with inflammatory dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis, epidermal pH modification has been an underexplored therapeutic option that could potentially prevent overuse of antibiotics, topical glucocorticoids, and immune modulators. By optimizing the skin using a novel therapeutic regimen, we report three cases of recalcitrant atopic dermatitis that were successfully treated based on the concept of epidermal acidification combined with optimization of the skin barrier.
Otologic and Audiologic Outcomes in Pediatric Patients With Velo-Cardio-Facial (22q11 Deletion) Syndrome
Authors: Weir Forest W. , Wallace Sarah A. , White David R. , Hatch Jonathan L. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Meyer Ted A. 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
The focus of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, type, and severity of hearing impairment in patients with velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) and to compare these characteristics with patient demographics and other otologic factors.

Study Design:
Retrospective analysis of the AudGen Database.

Setting:
Tertiary academic referral center.

Patients:
Pediatric patients in AudGenDB with a diagnosis of velo-cardio-facial syndrome or DiGeorge syndrome.

Interventions:
Appropriate audiologic, otologic, and demographic data were recorded.

Main Outcome Measure:
Four hundred six patients met inclusion criteria. Data for each patient were selected based on their encounters with earliest complete audiometric data, and hearing loss (HL) was defined as greater than 15 dB HL at any threshold by pure tone or greater than 20 dB HL by soundfield audiometry. The patients were then stratified by type and severity of HL, and available otologic and medical conditions were documented.

Results:
Two hundred forty eight (60.7%) patients had HL. Of the 391 individual HL ears, 127 had conductive, 22 had sensorineural, 115 had mixed, and 127 had unspecified hearing loss. 57% of the loss was bilateral. Patients with mixed HL had significantly worse pure-tone averages (PTAs).

Conclusion:
HL is prevalent in patients with VCFS. The hearing loss is primarily of conductive origin, with a predisposition to be bilateral, with mixed HL typically have more severe loss. There were a large number of patients with sensorineural hearing loss components as well. Further studies are needed to investigate the causal nature of the hearing impairment in VCFS, to better aid otolaryngologist and audiologists when assessing these patients.
Strength of Evidence on Demand Creation for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision From 7 Impact Evaluations in Southern and Eastern Africa
Authors: Djimeu Eric W. , Brown Annette N. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Seven new impact evaluations of pilot programs for increasing the demand for voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) provide evidence of what works and what does not. The study findings suggest that financial compensation designed to relieve the opportunity or transportation costs from undergoing the procedure can increase the uptake of VMMC. There is also evidence that programs using peer influence can be effective, although so far only sports-based programs demonstrate a strong effect. We explore the strength of evidence in each of these 7 studies to better interpret the findings for policy making.

Methods:
We perform a risk of bias assessment and conduct power calculations using actual values for each of the 7 studies.

Results:
Three of the 7 studies have a medium risk of bias, whereas the other 4 have a low risk of bias. All but 2 of the studies have adequate power to detect meaningful effects. In the 2 with insufficient power, the estimated effects are large but statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:
The positive evidence that financial incentives presented as compensation for opportunity costs to men seeking and obtaining VMMC can increase uptake comes from strong studies, which have high power and low to medium risk of bias. The positive evidence that a comprehensive sports-based program for young men can increase uptake also comes from a strong study. The strength of the studies further validates these findings.
Process Evaluation of a Sport-Based Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Demand-Creation Intervention in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
Authors: DeCelles Jeff , Hershow Rebecca B. , Kaufman Zachary A. , Gannett Katherine R. , Kombandeya Thandanani , Chaibva Cynthia , Ross David A. , Harrison Abigail 
Published: October 2016

Introduction:
Grassroot Soccer (GRS) developed 2 brief and scalable voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) promotion interventions for males in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, consisting of a 60-minute interactive, soccer-themed educational session with follow-up behavioral and logistical reinforcement. Both interventions were led by circumcised male community leaders (“coaches”) ages 18–30. “Make The Cut” (MTC) targeted adult males on soccer teams and “Make The Cut+” targeted boys in secondary schools. We conducted a process evaluation of MTC and Make The Cut+ to investigate perceptions of program impact, intervention components, and program delivery; participants' understandings of intervention content; and factors related to uptake.

Methods:
We conducted 17 interviews and 2 focus group discussions with coaches and 29 interviews with circumcised (n = 13) and uncircumcised participants (n = 16).

Results:
Findings demonstrate high program acceptability, highlighting the coach–participant relationship as a key factor associated with uptake. Specifically, participants valued the coaches' openness to discuss their personal experiences with VMMC and the accompaniment by their coaches to the VMMC clinic.

Conclusions:
Should the coach quality remain consistent at scale, MTC offers an effective approach toward generating VMMC demand among males.
Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program (CUSP) to Improve Patient Experience: How a Hospital Enhanced Care Transitions and Discharge Processes
Authors: Pottenger Brent C. , Davis Richard O. , Miller Joanne , Allen Lisa , Sawyer Melinda , Pronovost Peter J. 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
To determine whether Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program (CUSP) teams could be used to enhance patient experience by improving care transitions and discharge processes in a 318-bed community hospital.

Methods:
In 2015, CUSP teams produced feasible solutions by participating in a design-thinking initiative, coupled with performance improvement tools involving data analytics and peer-learning communities. Teams completed a 90-day sprint challenge, involving weekly meetings, monthly department leader meetings, and progress trackers. The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey was used, and the percent top (best) scores were reported for overall hospital ratings, discharge information, and care transitions.

Results:
The percentage of patients choosing the top score increased from 61.0% preintervention to 68.0% postintervention for overall hospital rating and from 71.4% to 80.7% for recommending the hospital. The top scores increased from 76.0% preintervention to 84.5% postintervention for the discharge information domain and from 49.2% to 53.6% for the care transitions domain.

Conclusion:
CUSP teams improved patient experience. The teams could expand their scope to be the unit-level resource focused not only on safety but also on external quality measures to which patient experience is a broad category for HCAHPS scores, and potentially on value in future work.
A Systematic Approach to Clinical Peer Review in a Critical Access Hospital
Authors: Deyo-Svendsen Mark E. , Phillips Michael R. , Albright Jill K. , Schilling Keith A. , Palmer Karl B. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
Clinical provider peer review (CPPR) is a process for evaluating a patient's experience in encounters of care. It is part of ongoing professional practice evaluation and focused professional practice evaluation—important contributors to provider credentialing and privileging. Critical access hospitals are hindered in CPPR by having a limited number of providers, shortages of staff resources, and relationships among staff members that make unbiased review difficult. Small departments within larger institutions may face similar challenges.

Methods:
A CPPR process created at Mayo Clinic Health System is described. It involved a case review questionnaire built on the Institute of Medicine “Six Aims for Changing the Health Care System,” a standardized intervention algorithm and tracking tool.

Outcomes:
During 2007 through 2014, a total of 994 cases were reviewed; 31% led to provider dialog and education or intervention. Findings were applied to core measure processes with success rate going from 87% to 97%. Changes were adopted in end-of-life care, contributing to a 50% reduction in all-cause mortality rate.

Conclusions:
Providing peer review tools to a critical access hospital can keep peer review within a group with knowledge of the individual provider's practice and can make process improvement the everyday work of those involved.
Value-Based Health Care for Chronic Care: Aligning Outcomes Measurement with the Patient Perspective
Authors: Ebbevi David , Forsberg Helena Hvitfeldt , Essén Anna , Ernestam Sofia 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Value-based health care is increasingly used for developing health care services by relating patient outcomes to costs. A hierarchical value scorecard for creating outcome measurements has been suggested: the 3-tier model. The objective of this study was to test the model against the patient's view of value in a chronic care setting.

Methods:
Semistructured interviews with 22 persons with rheumatoid arthritis were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Themes were extracted, and the model was critically applied and revised.

Results:
The study validates existing dimensions in the model but suggests adding information, social health, predictability, and continuity to make it more useful and representative of patients' preferences.

Conclusion:
Although the model aims to focus on outcomes relevant to patients, it lacks dimensions important to individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. The data illustrate difficulties in finding patients' preferred outcomes and imply tactics for arriving at meaningful measurements.
Diagnosis of Electrical Status Epilepticus During Slow-Wave Sleep With 100 Seconds of Sleep
Authors: Weber Amanda B. , Albert Dara V. , Yin Han , Held Timothy P. , Patel Anup D. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
Strategies for diagnosing electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep (ESES) vary among interpreting neurologists. Our aim was to evaluate if the spike-wave index (SWI) for the first 100 seconds of sleep is reflective of the SWI when compared with a conventional method.

Methods:
We reviewed EEGs from 2005 to 2011 that were considered diagnostic of ESES based on unspecified methods. The SWI for the first nonrapid eye movement sleep cycle (long method) was calculated by two neurophysiologists. Two different neurophysiologists calculated SWI for the first 100 seconds of sleep (short method). For the purposes of this study, ESES was defined as an SWI of >85%. The two SWI scores were compared.

Results:
Fourteen EEGs were reviewed. Despite being considered by the initial interpreter as diagnostic of ESES, only 4 of the studies had an SWI of >85% based on each of the methods. For a diagnosis of ESES, the sensitivity of the short method is 80% and the specificity is 89%. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the long and short methods. A P value of 0.70 indicates no significant difference between the methods. Additionally, the Spearman correlation coefficient is 0.553 (P = 0.04), indicating moderate correlation between the methods.

Conclusions:
The SWI for the first 100 seconds of nonrapid eye movement sleep is predictive of the SWI for the entire first sleep cycle with a good sensitivity and specificity in our cohort. This suggests an alternative method for diagnosing ESES, which is comparable to analysis of a full night of sleep.