bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality and consumer acceptance of radio frequency and traditional heat pasteurised kiwi puree during storage
Authors: Lyu Xiaoying , Peng Xiaoli , Wang Shaojin , Yang Baowei , Wang Xin , Yang Hua , Xiao Yingping , Baloch Allah Bux , Xia Xiaodong 
Published: September 2017

SummaryTo explore the feasibility of using radio frequency (RF) heating as a method to process kiwi puree, this study compared the effects of RF heating with traditional heat pasteurisation (TP) on various properties of kiwi puree. RF treatment completely inactivate of microbes in kiwi puree, with total aerobic bacteria counts (TAC) decreased by 4.81 log CFU mL−1 and yeast and mould counts (YMC) decreased by 2.62 log CFU mL−1, which are similar to TP treatment. During the 7 weeks’ storage, RF‐treated puree showed retarded growth of microbes. The pH, titratable acidity and °Brix values of RF‐treated samples were significantly different from those of the control. The vitamin C, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of RF‐treated samples were significantly higher than those of TP‐treated samples during storage. RF‐treated sample retained better colour than TP‐treated sample throughout storage. The customer satisfaction analysis indicated that consumers prefer RF‐treated kiwi puree than TP‐treated samples. These findings suggest that RF heating has potential applications in processing of kiwi puree or similar products.
STUDIES OF EPIDEMIC POLYARTHRITIS : THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THREE GROUP A ARBOVIRUSES ISOLATED FROM MOSQUITOES IN QUEENSLAND
Authors: DOHERTY, R. L. , GORMAN, B. M. , WHITEHEADS R. H. , CARLEY J. G. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryEpidemics of polyarthritis with rash at Cairns in 1961, and at Brisbane, in western Queensland and in western New South Wales in 1962, were associated with evidence of group A arthropod‐borne virus infection. Antibodies were detected more frequently and to higher titre against T48, a group A virus recently isolated from mosquitoes collected in North Queensland, than against Getah, Bebaru or Sindbis viruses. T48 is considered to be at least closely related to the agent of epidemic polyarthritis and may be identical with it. It will provide a more useful diagnostic test than has previously been available.
ANGIOKERATOMA CORPORIS DIFFUSUM (FABRY'S SYNDROME)
Authors: FONE D. J. , KING W. E. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryFive cases with angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Fabry's syndrome) are described. The characteristic clinical features and skin rash were seen in four cases, and the familial tendency is illustrated since the cases included two pairs of brothers. A characteristic renal lesion is seen histologically in the disorder, and was demonstrated in three of the five cases; it is probably a constant finding, and was in fact the means of making the diagnosis in one case.The clinical and histological features are discussed in the hope that the diagnosis may be made more frequently.
STUDIES OF THE ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL VARIABILITY OF CHYLURIA
Authors: CAMPBELL B. L. , WILSON J. D. , SCOTT P. J. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYFindings are reported in four cases of chyluria; in three instances this was due to filariasis. Lymphangiography was carried out on two patients whose proteinuria was investigated further. The findings are compared with those of similar studies in the nephrotic syndrome. Although orally administered lipid has been shown to enter chylous urine relatively rapidly, there is a delay in the appearance of intravenously injected labelled proteins. Results of the present studies suggest the existence of an indirect pathway for the passage of plasma proteins into abdominal lymph, and that low‐density‐lipoprotein synthesized in the liver, or possibly in the gut wall, does not reach the systemic circulation by way of the chyle.
STUDIES IN FAMILIAL HYPOKALÆMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS
Authors: NIALL J. F. , PAK POY R. K. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYMetabolic studies have been made in a case of familial hypokalæmic periodic paralysis. The results suggest that during an attack of paralysis, sodium and water move out of muscle cells, associated with a reciprocal transfer of potassium. Plasma volume expansion was found during attacks without gain in overall body weight, consistent with a redistribution of water between cells and extra‐cellular fluid.Oliguria associated with sodium and potassium retention was found during attacks. During recovery, either spontaneous or produced by potassium chloride administration, a marked coincident diuresis of sodium, potassium and water occurred, with the excretion of an alkaline urine. Failure to demonstrate any reciprocity between sodium reabsorption and potassium and hydrogen ion excretion during oliguria or mannitol‐induced sodium diuresis, suggests that the site of sodium reabsorption is proximal to the distal convoluted tubule. The rate of excretion of aldosterone fell as paralysis increased, coinciding with the time of plasma volume expansion.
HISTIOCYTOSIS X AND DOUBLE DIABETES
Authors: HURLEY P. J. , HITCHCOCK G. C. , WILSON J. D. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYA case of histiocytosis X is reported. This is remarkable because of the prolonged symptomatic course of 22 years, and the association of diabetes insipidus with diabetes mellitus, only once previously recorded in a patient with histiocytosis X.The patient had severe pulmonary involvement with eosinophilic granuloma which was diagnosed by lung biopsy. Treatment with steroids produced considerable histological resolution of active disease. He developed a postoperative pneumothorax, to which these patients are susceptible, and died after a myocardial infarction.There is a short review of the literature relevant to the unusual features of this case.
COMPLETE HEART BLOCK COMPLICATING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: EXPERIENCE WITH 33 PATIENTS
Authors: SALTUPS A. , MUSHIN G. , MCLEAN K. H. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThirty‐three patients in whom complete heart block complicated acute myocardial infarction are described. The patients can be divided into three groups of comparable size on the basis of the treatment they received.In one group hæmodynamic complications of complete heart block were treated with sympathomimetic drugs and steroids; in another group transvenous endocardial pacing was used for similar indications. The third group was monitored in the coronary care unit and pacing was started electively at the time of diagnosis of complete heart block.Ten of the 33 patients survived, in nine of whom the heart returned to sinus rhythm; one required permanent pacing.The incidence of previous myocardial infarction was high among the patients in this study, and its presence had a markedly adverse effect on prognosis. The outlook was favourable if hæmodynamic complications did not develop, or if the response to pacing was prompt when these did occur.
A CASE OF NEUROLOGICAL TOXOPLASMOSIS IN THE ADULT WITH FOCAL MANIFESTATIONS
Authors: SINGH B. N. , TAYLOR D. E. M. , EYRE K. E. D. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA case of neurological toxoplasmosis in a man aged 48 years who presented with focal symptoms and signs is described. The diagnosis was considered on the basis of persistent cerebro‐spinal fluid abnormalities—and confirmed by appropriate serological tests. The infection appeared to be confined to the central nervous system. Treatment with pyrimethamine and sulphadiazine led to the resolution of the infection. It is emphasized that neurological involvement with acquired toxoplasmosis in the adult may not be as rare an entity as is generally believed, and the diagnosis should be considered in cases of obscure meningitis with or without focal features.
HYPONATRÆMIA AND RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION
Authors: BONNIN J. MARK , EDWARDS R. G. , SCROOP G. C. , SKINNER S. L. , WHELAN R. F. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYA case of traumatic renal artery thrombosis in which the patient developed the hyponatnemic hypertensive syndrome is described. Decreased vascular sensitivity to angiotensin, grossly elevated plasma renin levels, hypertension and hyponatræmia returned to normal after unilateral nephrectomy. Sequential renin and electrolyte studies indicated that this syndrome was caused by the pressor and natriuretic actions of high circulating levels of renin and angiotensin. No evidence could be found to support the suggestion that the high renin levels were secondary to sodium depletion. A positive result to a phentolamine test was recorded, leading to initial problems in diagnosis. The patient is normotensive and well three years after this episode.
MONONEURITIS MULTIPLEX COMPLICATING THE POST‐PERFUSION SYNDROME
Authors: WALSH J. C. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThe post‐perfusion syndrome is a well recognized complication of open heart surgery which resolves without sequelae. A case of the post‐perfusion syndrome complicated by the development of mononeuritis multiplex is reported. The pathological lesion was shown to be Wallerian degeneration.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF PROTEINS SYNTHESIZED BY HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: FORBES I. J. , LAWTON J. M. W. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThe immunoglobulins synthesized by circulating lymphocytes were analysed in four cases of multiple myeloma and five cases of Waldenstrom's macroglobulimemia.No evidence was found of peripheral lymphocytes synthesizing myeloma globulin in multiple myeloma. The data suggested that excessive amounts of macroglobulin were made by lymphocytes in four of the five cases of macroglobulinæmia.Deficiencies in the synthesis of one or more immunoglobulins were seen in a number of these cases. It is therefore suggested that there are two types of abnormality in these conditions: firstly, synthesis of a particular immunoglobulin molecule by excessive numbers of cells, possibly malignant cells derived from a single mutant; secondly, a failure of recruitment of lymphocytes for the synthesis of normal immunoglobulins. The second abnormality may be explained by a failure of the mechanism of terminal immunological differentiation.Pitfalls in the interpretation of autoradiographs of immunoelectrophoresis patterns are discussed.
THE ONE‐HOUR SYNTHETIC CORTICOTROPHIN TEST FOR RAPID ASSESSMENT OF ADRENAL FUNCTION
Authors: BROWNLIE B. E. W. , ABERNETHY M. H. , BEAVEN D. W. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYIn the last 18 months more than 200 one‐hour intramuscular “Synacthen” tests have been performed without side effects. It has been found to be a valuable screening test of adrenal responsiveness when iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency is suspected. We have found the one‐hour response to be a more reliable index of adrenal function than the half‐hour response used by previous workers.
AUTOANTIBODIES IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: WHITTINGHAM SENGA , IRWIN JANET , MACKAY IAN R. , MARSH SALLY , COWLING DAVID C. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThe laboratory diagnosis of autoimmune disease depends mainly on the demonstration of autoantibodies.We determined the prevalence in an apparently healthy Australian population of the following autoantibodies : anti‐nuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, smooth muscle antibody, anti‐mitochondrial and anti‐microsomal antibody, and antibody to adrenal, thyroid and gastric cells.The percentage of females with one or more autoantibodies was greater than that of males throughout life, and the prevalence of autoantibodies increased with age in both sexes: over the age of 60 years more than 50% of subjects had one or more autoantibodies.It is essential in autoimmune serological studies to include “controls” precisely matched for age and sex to interpret the significance of autoantibodies in any given disease.Ageing is coincidental with, and could even be in part due to, an increasing incidence of subclinical autoimmune reactions in elderly persons.
HEPATIC FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH HYPOXÆMIA DUE TO CHRONIC PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: WHELAN GREGORY , PIERCE ALAN K. , SCHENKER STEVEN , COMBES BURTON 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThe effects of chronic hypoxæmia on hepatic function were appraised by routine liver function tests and by a prolonged BSP infusion procedure in patients with chronic pulmonary disease unaccompanied by heart failure. Despite the presence of hypoxæmia sufficient to severely limit exercise, hepatic function was unimpaired. Abnormalities in hepatic function described previously in patients with chronic pulmonary disease by others may have been due to accompanying heart failure.
THE PLACE OF PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTIC IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
Authors: EREMIN JENNIFER , MARSHALL VERNON C. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThe use of prophylactic antibiotic in peritoneal dialysis fluid is still widely recommended. Over a 12‐month period, a trial was carried out in order to assess the necessity for the use of antibiotic, and, when infection occurred, to correlate bacterial sensitivity with the antibiotic used.Patients requiring peritoneal dialysis for acute or chronic renal failure, who were dialysed in the one nursing environment using standard techniques, were included in the trial.Ampicillin, in a concentration of 12 x 5 µg/ml, was added to the dialysate, or withheld, according to the patient's unit record number.A total of 248 dialyses were performed for 56 patients, the number per patient varying from one to 21. The incidence of peritoneal infection was found to be low whether or not antibiotic was used. The infecting organism was insensitive to ampicillin on each occasion.It was concluded that the use of prophylactic antibiotic in peritoneal dialysate is unnecessary, when present techniques are employed, and that the organisms involved are not sensitive to any safe, broad spectrum antibiotic.
Comparative Pulmonary and Systemic Venous Responses to Reduction of Venous Return
Authors: Potanin Constantine , Sinclair-Smith Bruce 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThirty‐five patients with chronic heart disease were subjected to infraxiphisternal lower body negative pressure, a procedure which causes immediate reduction of venous return to the heart. Responses were charted for right atrial and pulmonary capillary venous pressures. Pressure fall (x) did depend on the height of initial supine pressure (Y), but in the presence of pathologically elevated pressures, the responses of the two venous circuits were different: Y = 6.8x ‐ 23 (r.70, P < .01, Sy, x = 8) for right atrial pressures; and Y = 1.8x + 1 (r.88, P < .01, Sy, x = 5) for pulmonary capillary venous pressures. These differences in response suggest that the volume and capacity of the systemic venous system (but not the pulmonary venous system) can be greatly increased in heart failure.
Disturbed Oesophageal Manometric Responses in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Pulmonary Aspergilloma
Authors: Scobie B. A. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryTwo patients suffering from pulmonary aspergilloma and ankylosing spondylitis were found to have major disturbances of oesophageal function as demonstrated by measurements of oesophageal pressure. One patient suffered from dysphagia; a barium meal suggested the presence of a hiatus hernia. The other patient had no oesophageal symptoms; a barium swallow was normal. Manometry showed that in both subjects the gastrooesophageal sphincter failed to relax on swallowing and there was defective peristalsis in the oesophagus. It is postulated that these abnormalities predispose the subject to pulmonary complications which occasionally develop in ankylosing spondylitis.
An Association of Thyroid Disease, Ulcerative Colitis and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Clubb John S. , Black Peter J. , Wallace David C. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThree cases are presented, each of them women who while quite young developed a disease triad of diabetes mellitus, ulcerative colitis and severe thyroid disease. The relative incidence of each disease in the community is briefly discussed. The possibility of such a combination of diseases occurring in any one patient merely by chance would be extremely small. Genetic, autoimmune and psychogenic factors are discussed as possible aetiological factors.
Hyperosmolality in Leptospirosis
Authors: Lim P. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA case of leptospirosis with renal and hepatic involvement developed hyperosmolar coma while undergoing peritoneal dialysis. The generous use of hypertonic (4.25% glucose) dialysing fluid combined with uraemia and liver dysfunction were probably important aetiological factors. Such factors commonly occur in severe leptospirosis. More‐over, the patient had an abnormal cortisone‐glucose tolerance test although his glucose tolerance test was normal. The development of marked diuresis during and immediately following dialysis as occurs in the case described would suggest the presence of severe hyperglycaemia with hyperosmolality.
Narrow hybrid zones in spite of very low population differentiation in neutral markers in an island bird species complex
Authors: Delahaie B. , Cornuault J. , Masson C. , Bertrand J. A. M. , Bourgeois Y. X. C. , Milá B. , Thébaud C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPatterns of phenotypic and genic frequencies across hybrid zones provide insight into the origin and evolution of reproductive isolation. The Reunion grey white‐eye, Zosterops borbonicus, exhibits parapatrically distributed plumage colour forms across the lowlands of the small volcanic island of Reunion (Mascarene archipelago). These forms meet and hybridize in regions that are natural barriers to dispersal (rivers, lava fields). Here, we investigated the relationship among patterns of differentiation at neutral genetic (microsatellite) markers, phenotypic traits (morphology and plumage colour) and niche characteristics across three independent hybrid zones. Patterns of phenotypic divergence revealed that these hybrid zones are among the narrowest ever documented in birds. However, the levels of phenotypic divergence stand in stark contrast to the lack of clear population neutral genetic structure between forms. The position of the hybrid zones coincides with different natural physical barriers, yet is not associated with steep changes in vegetation and related climatic variables, and major habitat transitions are shifted from these locations by at least 18 km. This suggests that the hybrid zones are stabilized over natural dispersal barriers, independently of environmental boundaries, and are not associated with niche divergence. A striking feature of these hybrid zones is the very low levels of genetic differentiation in neutral markers between forms, suggesting that phenotypic divergence has a narrow genetic basis and may reflect recent divergence at a few linked genes under strong selection, with a possible role for assortative mating in keeping these forms apart.
Uncertainties of Domestic Road Freight Statistics: Insights for Regional Material Flow Studies
Authors: Courtonne Jean‐Yves , Longaretti Pierre‐Yves , Dupré Denis 
Published: September 2017

SummaryFreight statistics are at the core of many studies in the field of industrial ecology because they depict the physical interdependencies of territories and allow links to be made worldwide between production and consumption. Recent studies have focused increasingly on subnational scales, often relying on domestic freight data. In this perspective, this article analyses the uncertainties of the French domestic road freight survey, road being by far the most common mode of transport in the country. Based on a statistical analysis of the survey, we propose a model to estimate the uncertainty of any given domestic road transport flow. We also assess uncertainty reduction when averaging the flows over several years, and obtain for instance a 30% reduction for a three‐year average. We then study the impact of the uncertainties on regional material flow studies such as the economy‐wide material flow analysis of the Bourgogne region. Overall the case studies advocate for a systematic assessment of freight uncertainties, as neither the disaggregation level nor the quantities traded are good enough predictors. This justifies the need for an easy‐to‐implement estimation model. Finally, basic comparison with the German and Swedish surveys tends to indicate that the main conclusions presented in this article are likely to be valid in other European countries.
Design and Performance Assessment of Innovative Eco‐Efficient Support Structures for Additive Manufacturing by Photopolymerization
Authors: Díaz Lantada Andrés , de Blas Romero Adrián , Sánchez Isasi Álvaro , Garrido Bellido Diego 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe continued expansion of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, evolving from its initial role as a rapid prototyping method, toward effective resources for generating final products, is reshaping the production sector and its needs. The development of systematic methodologies for the generation of mechanically optimized support structures for AM processes is an important issue which impacts the eco‐efficiency and quality of final parts. The shift from regular lattice support structures and complex support meshes, toward bioinspired support structures, using, for instance, tree‐like and fractal geometries, may provide feasible solutions with optimal ratios between mechanical performance and quantity of material used. In a similar way as biomimetics has provided revolutionary solutions to fields including architecture, mechanical engineering, and civil engineering, it may well impact the field of solid freeform fabrication. The possibilities relate not just to aspects related to part geometries and final applications (as is already happening), but also in manufacturing challenges such as the problem of obtaining eco‐efficient and reliable supports. In this article, we summarize a recently developed methodology, in the framework of the European Union (EU) “ToMax” Project, for the generation of bioinspired fractal or tree‐like support structures and provide six application examples, starting with very simple geometries and generalizing the process for more complex parts. Eco‐efficiency is assessed by a final comparative study using support structures generated with conventional software.