bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual- and Relationship-Level Factors Related to Better Mental Health Outcomes following Child Abuse: Results from a Nationally Representative Canadian Sample
Authors: Afifi Tracie O. , MacMillan Harriet L. , Taillieu Tamara , Turner Sarah , Cheung Kristene , Sareen Jitender , Boyle Michael H. 
Published: June 2016

Objective: Child abuse can have devastating mental health consequences. Fortunately, not all individuals exposed to child abuse will suffer from poor mental health. Understanding what factors are related to good mental health following child abuse can provide evidence to inform prevention of impairment. Our objectives were to 1) describe the prevalence of good, moderate, and poor mental health among respondents with and without a child abuse history; 2) examine the relationships between child abuse and good, moderate, and poor mental health outcomes; 3) examine the relationships between individual- and relationship-level factors and better mental health outcomes; and 4) determine if individual- and relationship-level factors moderate the relationship between child abuse and mental health. Method: Data were from the nationally representative 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health ( n = 23,395; household response rate = 79.8%; 18 years and older). Good, moderate, and poor mental health was assessed using current functioning and well-being, past-year mental disorders, and past-year suicidal ideation. Results: Only 56.3% of respondents with a child abuse history report good mental health compared to 72.4% of those without a child abuse history. Individual- and relationship-level factors associated with better mental health included higher education and income, physical activity, good coping skills to handle problems and daily demands, and supportive relationships that foster attachment, guidance, reliable alliance, social integration, and reassurance of worth. Conclusions: This study identifies several individual- and relationship-level factors that could be targeted for intervention strategies aimed at improving mental health outcomes following child abuse.
Comparison of parasitic mite retrieval methods in a population of community cats
Authors: Milley Catherine , Dryden Michael , Rosenkrantz Wayne , Griffin Joya , Reeder Christopher 
Published: June 2016

Objectives This study compared methods of mite retrieval from community cats in the Ohio River Valley region of the USA and determined incidence of parasitic mites in this region. Methods In total, 493 community cats were humanely trapped and anesthetized for a trap–neuter–return program. Cats received a dermatologic examination, ear swabs, superficial skin scraping, flea combing, acetate tape preparation and feces collection. All samples were examined microscopically. Large volumes of hair and scale from flea combing were dissolved in 10% potassium hydroxide and centrifuged with Sheather’s solution. Fecal samples were mixed with Sheather’s solution, filtered and centrifuged. Results Ear swabs were significantly ( P <0.05) better than other methods for finding chigger mites and Otodectes cynotis, and skin scraping was significantly better than ear swabs for finding Cheyletiella species. Only cats with O cynotis had clinical lesions. Mites remained identifiable for 6 months at room temperature. Mite incidence rates were as follows: Notoedres cati (1/493 cats), 0.002 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0–0.006); Lynxacarus radovskyi (2/493 cats), 0.004 (95% CI 0–0.01); Demodex gatoi (5/493 cats), 0.01 (95% CI 0.001–0.019); chigger mites (10/493 cats), 0.02 (95% CI 0.008–0.033); Cheyletiella species (12/493 cats), 0.024 (95% CI 0.011–0.038); and O cynotis (124/493 cats), 0.252 (95% CI 0.213–0.29). Conclusions and relevance Ear swabs are recommended when O cynotis or chigger mites are suspected. Skin scraping is more likely to yield positive results than ear swabs, but was not significantly better than acetate tape preparations, flea combing or fecal flotation for finding Cheyletiella species. Mites can remain identifiable for prolonged periods at room temperature. With the exception of O cynotis, the incidence of feline parasitic mites in the Ohio River Valley region of the USA is low; however, D gatoi and L radovskyi were present in the area and should be considered in cats with dermatologic disease attributable to them. In this population of community cats, asymptomatic carriage of mites was common.
Single-Fraction Spine Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Chordoma
Authors: Jung Edward W. , Jung David L. , Balagamwala Ehsan H. , Angelov Lilyana , Suh John H. , Djemil Toufik , Magnelli Anthony , Chao Samuel T. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose: Chordoma is a radioresistant tumor that presents a therapeutic challenge with spine involvement, as high doses of radiation are needed for local control while limiting dose to the spinal cord. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of single-fraction spine stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of spine chordoma. Methods: A retrospective review of our institutional database from 2006 to 2013 identified 8 patients (12 cases) with chordoma of the spine who were treated with spine stereotactic body radiation therapy. Surgical resection was performed in 7 of the 12 cases. The treatment volume was defined by the bony vertebral level of the tumor along with soft tissue extension appreciated on magnetic resonance imaging fusion. Medical records and imaging were assessed for pain relief and local control. Treatment toxicity was evaluated using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Results: Median age was 59 years (range, 17-91). Median target volume was 48 cm3 (1-304), and median prescription dose was 16 Gy (11-16). Median conformality index was 1.44 (1.14-3.21), and homogeneity index was 1.12 (1.05-1.19). With a median follow-up time of 9.7 months (.5-84), local control was achieved in 75% of the cases treated. One patient developed limited grade 2 spinal cord myelopathy that resolved with steroids. There were no other treatment toxicities from spine stereotactic body radiation therapy. Conclusion: Single-fraction spine stereotactic body radiation therapy can be safely delivered to treat chordoma of the spine with the potential to improve pain symptoms. Although the early data are suggestive, long-term follow-up with more patients is necessary to determine the efficacy of spine stereotactic body radiation therapy in the treatment of chordoma of the spine.
Single-Session Endovascular Treatment of Symptomatic Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Chung Hwan Hoon , Lee Seung Hwa , Cho Sung Bum , Kim Yun Hwan , Seo Tae-Seok 
Published: June 2016

Background: Feasibility of single-session mechanical thrombetomy, without thrombolytics, for the treatment of the subacute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity remains poorly described. Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of single-session endovascular treatment of DVT of the lower extremity that is more than 10 days old. Materials and Methods: From January 2010 to December 2013, single-session endovascular treatment was performed in 21 limbs of 21 patients (8 men and 13 women) with DVT more than 10 days old at our hospital. The mean age of the thrombosis was 21.5 days (range 11-45 days). Two patients had malignancy-related obstructions. A 14F introducer sheath was inserted through the popliteal vein followed by aspiration thrombectomy with a large bore catheter. Balloon angioplasty and/or maceration of the thrombus were added when needed. Stent insertions were performed for patients with combined iliac vein stenosis. Technical success, clinical success, mean procedure time, and complications were evaluated. Results: The technical success rate was 90.5% (19 of 21 patients). Among the 19 successful cases, aspiration thrombectomy alone was performed in 16 (84.2%) patients, additional balloon angioplasty of the femoral vein was performed in 2 (10.5%) patients, and both balloon angioplasty of the femoral vein and rotational thrombectomy were performed in 1 (5.3%) patient. Iliac vein stenting was performed due to combined iliac vein narrowing in 13 (68.4%) of the 19 successful cases. The mean procedure time was 86 minutes (26-179 minutes). All of the patients with technical success (19 of 21 patients) showed marked improvement in symptoms at the time of discharge (clinical success). Unexplained gastrointestinal hemorrhage developed in 1 patient. Conclusion: Single-session endovascular treatment is feasible and effective even for patients with aged deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity more than 10 days old.
Compression Stockings for Prevention of Postthrombotic Syndrome
Authors: Jin Y. W. , Ye H. , Li F. Y. , Xiong X. Z. , Cheng N. S. 
Published: June 2016

Objective: The present meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of compression stockings for postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) prevention in patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the use of compression stockings for prevention of PTS were identified from the Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases as well as the Cochrane library. The resulting manuscripts were analyzed according to the criteria in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results: Six RCTs involving 1465 patients with DVT were included. The meta-analysis indicated no statistical differences between the compression stocking and the control groups in PTS incidence, using either the Villalta scale (odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-1.74) or the Ginsberg scale (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.72-1.77). Based on the Villalta scale categorization, there were no differences in the incidence of mild–moderate PTS (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.36-1.41) or incidence of severe PTS (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.15-3.11). The difference in the recurrence of venous thromboembolism (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.61-1.30) was also not significant. In the 3 RCTs that reported side effects of compression stockings, they were primarily related to discomfort, including itching, erythema, and rash. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis has indicated that compression stockings may not prevent PTS, as determined by either the Villalta or the Ginsberg scale, in patients with DVT. However, owing to the limited number of trials, the evidence is not strong enough to draw a reliable conclusion. Further larger, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trials are needed.
Long-Term Outcomes of Single-Port Laparoscopic Placement of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter
Authors: Pan Alan , Poi Mun J. , Matos Jesus , Jiang Jenny S. , Kfoury Elias , Echeverria Angela , Bechara Carlos F. , Lin Peter H. 
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Laparoscopic insertion of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter has become a preferred method compared to the traditional open technique for PD catheter insertion. We retrospectively report the outcome of 1-port laparoscopic placement PD catheters in our institution. Methods: A total of 263 patients with end-stage renal disease who underwent single-trocar laparoscopic PD catheter insertion during a recent 6-year period were reviewed. Laparoscopic technique involves introducing a PD catheter over a stiff guidewire into the abdominal cavity through a 10-mm laparoscopic port. Pertinent clinical variables, procedural complications, and follow-up outcome were analyzed. Results: There were 182 men and 81 women. The mean age was 56 years. Technical success was 95.8%. Catheter occlusion was the most common early complications (<6 months) that occurred in 4 (1.5%) patients. Late complications (> 6 months) including catheter occlusion, cuff extrusion, catheter leakage, catheter migration, infection, and hernia occurred in 5 patients (1.9%), 2 patients (0.8%), 3 patients (1.1%), 3 patients (1.1%), 6 patients (2.3%), and 4 patients (1.5), respectively. Mean follow-up time was 39 ± 18 months. Catheter survival rate at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years was 96%, 94%, 90%, 85%, and 82%, respectively. Conclusion: Laparoscopic PD catheter implantation via a single-trocar utilizing a stiff guidewire technique is feasible and safe. This method can result in low complication and high catheter survival rate.
Physical, morphological, and wound healing properties of a polyurethane foam-film dressing
Authors: Lee Seung Moon , Park Il Kyu , Kim Yong Soo , Kim Hyun Jung , Moon Hanlim , Mueller Stefan , Jeong Young-IL 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background
We investigated the physicochemical properties of Medifoam® N and its wound healing performance compared to other commercially available polyurethane (PU) foam dressing in vitro and in vivo to gain insight in their clinical performance.

Methods
Wound contact layer and cross-section of eleven polyurethane foam dressings were assessed with field-emission scanning electron microscope. Thickness, density, tensile strength, elongation, moisture-vapor transmission rate (MVTR), retention and absorptivity were measured to compare physical properties. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution absorption patterns were compared. An animal model for wound-healing was applied to validate in vitro findings.

Results
Among eleven tested foam dressings, Medifoam® N has the smallest pore and cell sizes with excellent uniformity, i.e. it has 25 ~ 75 μm on the wound contact layer and 100 ~ 350 μm in the cross-section while other dressings have a larger pose size with larger variability. Compared to other PU foams, Medifoam® N also has moderate thickness, density, tensile strength, elongation and MVTR. Furthermore, it has excellent fluid absorption and retention capacity. These intrinsic properties of Medifoam® N contributed to improve fluid absorption patterns, i.e. other dressing material flawed out PBS solution on the dressings while Medifoam® N retained all the tested solutions. In animal wound-healing study, Medifoam® N treated animals showed excellent angiogenesis and collagen deposition even though epithelial recovery rate was not significantly different to other dressings.

Conclusions
Medifoam® N has optimized physical properties and thus improved fluid absorption/retention capacity. Compared to other dressings, Medifoam® N showed excellent fluid absorption patterns and these characteristics contributed to improved wound healing and excellent angiogenic potential. We found that Medifoam® N showed the best results among the employed dressing samples.
Frontline Science: ATF3 is responsible for the inhibition of TNF-α release and the impaired migration of acute ethanol-exposed monocytes and macrophages
Authors: Hu Chaojie , Meng Xiaoming , Huang Cheng , Shen Chenlin , Li Jun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBinge drinking represses host innate immunity and leads to a high risk of infection. Acute EtOH-pretreated macrophages exhibit a decreased production of proinflammatory mediators in response to LPS. ATF3 is induced and counter-regulates the LPS/TLR4 inflammatory cascade. Here, we investigated the potential role of ATF3 in LPS tolerance in acute ethanol-pretreated macrophages. We found that there was an inverse correlation between ATF3 and LPS-induced TNF-α production in acute ethanol-pretreated murine monocytes and macrophages. The knockdown of ATF3 attenuated the inhibitory effects of acute ethanol treatment on LPS-induced TNF-α production. Furthermore, ChIP assays and co-IP demonstrated that ATF3, together with HDAC1, negatively modulated the transcription of TNF-α. In binge-drinking mice challenged with LPS, an up-regulation of ATF3 and HDAC1 and a concomitant decrease in TNF-α were observed. Given that HDAC1 was concomitantly induced in acute ethanol-exposed monocytes and macrophages, we used the HDACi TSA or silenced HDAC1 to explore the role of HDAC1 in acute ethanol-treated macrophages. Our results revealed that TSA treatment and HDAC1 knockdown prevented acute ethanol-induced ATF3 expression and the inhibition of TNF-α transcription. These data indicated a dual role for HDAC1 in acute ethanol-induced LPS tolerance. Furthermore, we showed that the induction of ATF3 led to the impaired migration of BM monocytes and macrophages. Overall, we present a novel role for ATF3 in the inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-α and in the impairment of monocyte and macrophage migration.
Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-8 limits tissue damage through inflammasome modulation during renal injury
Authors: Brissette Marie-Joëlle , Laplante Patrick , Qi Shijie , Latour Mathieu , Cailhier Jean-Francois 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Mediators released by apoptotic renal resident cells play a crucial role in modification of the inflammatory microenvironment. We have demonstrated that milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is released by apoptotic cells, which results in reduced proinflammatory cytokine production by macrophages. The present study was designed to study the role of MFG-E8 on the modulation of tissue damage and macrophage phenotype in a renal inflammatory model, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). C57BL/6 WT or MFG-E8 KO mice underwent ureteral ligation for 3, 7, and 14 d to evaluate renal injury. MFG-E8 (30 µg/kg) or vehicle was also administered i.p. MFG-E8 administration reduced kidney damage and fibrosis compared with control, whereas its absence in MFG-E8 KO mice was associated with more severe disease. Moreover, MFG-E8 administration was associated with decreased inflammasome activation in the kidney. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of MFG-E8–stimulated macrophages reduced activation of inflammasome and tissue damage. In all cases, both the systemic administration of MFG-E8 and MFG-E8–treated macrophages promoted accumulation of anti-inflammatory CD206+ macrophages. We propose that the protective role of MFG-E8 is mediated through anti-inflammatory macrophage reprogramming which results in decreased inflammasome activation, preventing severe tissue damage. These data provide valuable insight for identification of MFG-E8 as a novel target in modulation of inflammatory diseases.
Pediatric Demyelination
Authors: Narula Sona , Banwell Brenda 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of Review:
This review summarizes a general approach to pediatric demyelination as well as specific features of each of the acquired demyelinating syndromes to help clinicians in their evaluation of children with these disorders. Case studies are included to illustrate the expanding phenotype of many of these syndromes.

Recent Findings:
With the creation of consensus definitions for the pediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes, recognition of demyelination in children has increased, as has understanding of the clinical and radiologic features, prognosis, and response to treatment. Collaborative studies and multicenter clinical trials are ongoing and needed to appropriately evaluate emerging therapies for some of the chronic demyelinating disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorder.

Summary:
This review will aid the clinician in identifying key features of the pediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes and highlights a general approach for the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
Switching or Discontinuing Disease-Modifying Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Miller Aaron E. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review:
This article reviews the reasons for discontinuation or switching of multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapy as well as procedures that might mitigate risk to the patient under such circumstances.

Recent Findings:
Recent review of the literature, as well as the author’s extensive clinical experience, indicate that the discontinuation of multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies occurs for many reasons. Often one medication is stopped at the recommendation of the physician in order to switch to another medication. However, often the decision to discontinue medication is made by the patient. Unfortunately, in still other situations, treatment is stopped because of circumstances beyond the control of either patient or physician (eg, a loss of insurance coverage). Currently available data do not permit a conclusion about whether it is ever safe to discontinue disease-modifying therapy in a stable patient without the expectation of return of disease activity.

Summary:
Clinicians must help patients avoid unnecessary and undesirable cessation of disease-modifying therapy. While switches of therapy are often necessary, steps to minimize both adverse events and the risk of recurrent disease should be undertaken. Whether disease-modifying therapy can ever be purposely discontinued without incurring a significant risk of disease recurrence remains to be determined.
Early Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Jones David E. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of Review:
This article provides an evidence-based approach to the management of patients with early relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS).

Recent Findings:
Numerous clinical trials have shown the role of disease-modifying therapies in reducing relapses and new MRI lesions in patients with relapsing MS. Many of these trials also show the ability of these agents to delay disability progression, and a few suggest that disease-modifying therapies may slow brain atrophy in relapsing MS; however, very few suggest that disease-modifying therapies can improve symptoms or disability. The therapeutic armamentarium of disease-modifying therapies includes five interferon formulations, two versions of glatiramer acetate, mitoxantrone, natalizumab, fingolimod, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, and alemtuzumab.

Summary:
Although multiple disease-modifying therapies exist, the risks of these vary markedly, head-to-head comparator trials are limited, and no prospective biomarkers for treatment efficacy exist; therefore, choosing a disease-modifying therapy for an individual patient with MS is a difficult decision. This difficulty is compounded by limitations in predicting a patient’s disease course, and the risk tolerance of the patient and opinions of the care partner need to be factored into the decision analysis as well. After a disease-modifying therapy is chosen, vigilance for clinical or radiographic breakthrough disease is very important, as this may suggest a suboptimal response to the chosen therapy. Furthermore, the role of symptom management and wellness should always remain part of the approach to the patient with MS.
Acute Multiple Sclerosis Relapse
Authors: Berkovich Regina Radner 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review:
This article discusses acute exacerbations (relapses) of multiple sclerosis (MS). Relapses are a hallmark of MS and are often associated with significant functional impairment and decreased quality of life. This review discusses the proposed pathophysiology of MS relapses, triggering factors, associated markers, variants of clinical presentation, and diagnostic recommendations.

Recent Findings:
Most MS exacerbations are followed by a period of repair leading to clinical remission; however, residual deficits may persist after MS relapse and contribute to the stepwise progression of disability. Treatment of MS relapses is important as it helps to shorten the duration of disability associated with their course. Successful treatment of relapse helps patients with MS obtain a vital sense of being able to gain control over the disease. Patients with relapsing MS who receive treatment report better outcomes than those who are simply observed. This article discusses treatment options for MS relapse, including systemic corticosteroids, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and plasma exchange. Recent findings related to the mechanisms of action of steroids and adrenocorticotropic hormone are also reviewed, and other potential therapies are assessed. A proposed algorithm for MS relapse management is presented, including strategies for steroid-resistant MS exacerbations.

Summary:
MS relapses need to be recognized in a timely manner and treated using recommended therapeutic methods.