bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel oral glucose‐lowering drugs are associated with lower risk of all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular events and severe hypoglycaemia compared with insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nyström Thomas , Bodegard Johan , Nathanson David , Thuresson Marcus , Norhammar Anna , Eriksson Jan W. 
Published: January 2017

AimsTo investigate the association of novel oral glucose‐lowering drugs (GLDs), compared with that of insulin, with risk of all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and severe hypoglycaemia.MethodsDuring 2013 to 2014 all patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden identified as new users of novel oral GLDs, either dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors or sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (only dapagliflozin available in Sweden during the study period), with those initiating insulin as a comparison group, in the Prescribed Drug Register were included and followed in the Patient and Cause of Death Registers. The novel GLD group and insulin group were matched 1:1 using propensity score. Cox regression models were used to estimate risks.ResultsOf 37 603 patients, 21 758 were matched 1:1 to novel GLD vs insulin groups, with median follow‐up times of 1.51 years (16 304 patient‐years) and 1.53 years (16 306 patient‐years), respectively. Treatment with novel GLDs was associated with a 44% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.56 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.49‐0.64]), 15% (HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.73‐0.99]) and 74% (0.26 [95% CI 0.12‐0.57]) lower risk of all‐cause mortality, CVD and hypoglycaemia, respectively, compared with insulin treatment. In separate analyses for the two novel GLDs, dapagliflozin was associated with lower risks of all‐cause mortality and CVD (56% [HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.28‐0.70] and 49% [HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.30‐0.86], respectively), while DPP‐4 inhibitor treatment was associated with lower risk of all‐cause mortality (41% [HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.51‐0.67]), but not with CVD (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.75‐1.01).ConclusionsNovel oral GLD treatment was associated with lower risk of all‐cause mortality, CVD and severe hypoglycaemia compared with insulin treatment. Dapagliflozin was associated with a lower risk of both all‐cause mortality and CVD, whereas DPP‐4 inhibitor treatment was only associated with lower risk of all‐cause mortality.
Predator personality structures prey communities and trophic cascades
Authors: Start Denon , Gilbert Benjamin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntraspecific variation is central to our understanding of evolution and population ecology, yet its consequences for community ecology are poorly understood. Animal personality – consistent individual differences in suites of behaviours – may be particularly important for trophic dynamics, where predator personality can determine activity rates and patterns of attack. We used mesocosms with aquatic food webs in which the top predator (dragonfly nymphs) varied in activity and subsequent attack rates on zooplankton, and tested the effects of predator personality. We found support for four hypotheses: (1) active predators disproportionately reduce the abundance of prey, (2) active predators select for predator‐resistant prey species, (3) active predators strengthen trophic cascades (increase phytoplankton abundance) and (4) active predators are more likely to cannibalise one another, weakening all other trends when at high densities. These results suggest that intraspecific variation in predator personality is an important determinant of prey abundance, community composition and trophic cascades.
Screening for cadmium tolerance of 21 cultivars from Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) during germination
Authors: Fang Zhigang , Hu Zhaoyang , Zhao Huihui , Yang Lei , Ding Chenglong , Lou Laiqing , Cai Qingsheng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe cadmium (Cd) tolerance of 21 Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) were investigated in this study by evaluating the process of seed germination on exposure to excess Cd. Excess Cd resulted in the significant growth inhibition, particularly of root growth. The relation between Cd concentrations and inhibition rate of root or shoot elongation can be well described by a logarithmic equation. The maximum values of IC50 (Cd concentration when the root or shoot elongation decreased to 50% compared with control) were observed in root and shoot of ‘IdyII’, whereas the minimums showed in ‘Nioudachi’ and ‘Harukaze’. Cadmium dramatically inhibited the seed germination of 21 cultivars. By comparison of physiological parameters including the absolute and relative value of root and shoot length, germination rate, germination energy, germination index and vigor index, all the tested cultivars exhibited variation when exposed to the same strength of Cd stress. In addition, the values of evaluation index, subordinate function were used to evaluate the Cd tolerance among cultivars treated with excess Cd. As a result, cultivar ‘IdyII’ was identified to be most tolerant to Cd stress, cultivar ‘Tachiwase’ was the most sensitive one. Cluster analysis indicated that 21 cultivars of Italian ryegrass can be classified into four groups, Cd‐tolerant, moderate Cd‐tolerant, low Cd‐tolerant and Cd‐sensitive groups. The results will be basic information for cultivating forage crops used as bioenergy crops in Cd polluted environments.
Wilsonian Ambitions for American Engagement in the First Gulf War
Authors: Cox Ashley 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAmerican engagement with the world is one of the most important factors in international relations. One leading example is the Wilsonian School, which has a long tradition of influencing American foreign policy. With the 25th anniversary of Operation Desert Storm, this article will review the Wilsonian influences that led the United States to intervene in the First Gulf War.Since the end of the Cold War, visions have differed dramatically in terms of how the United States should conduct foreign policy and engage with the rest of the world. These debates continue to be dominated by a clash between a Jeffersonian neo‐isolationist call to withdraw from international conflicts and a more hawkish interventionist vision of American primacy in foreign affairs. The Wilsonian tradition has arguably received comparatively little discussion by scholars despite the important role it has played in the history of American foreign policy. As we mark the 25th anniversary of operation Desert Storm, this article argues that the Wilsonian framework is helpful in understanding why President Bush entered the First Gulf War of 1991. The article begins with a discussion of what constitutes the Wilsonian ideology in terms of its key principles and assumptions before presenting the utility of the Wilsonian viewpoint in explaining this conflict.
Depositional environments and maturity evaluated by biomarker analyses of sediments deposited across the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary in the Yezo Group, Tomamae area, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Ando Takuto , Sawada Ken , Nakamura Hideto , Omatsu Keita , Takashima Reishi , Nishi Hiroshi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBiomarker analyses for evaluating maturity of organic matter and depositional environments such as redox conditions, were performed in sediments across the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary (CTB) in the Saku Formation of the Yezo Group distributed along the Shumarinai‐gawa River and the Omagari‐zawa River, both in the Tomamae area, Hokkaido, Japan. Maturity indicators using steranes and hopanes, show that organic matter in sediments from the Shumarinai‐gawa and Omagari‐zawa sections are of lower maturity than those from the Hakkin‐gawa section (Oyubari area). Moreover, the ββ hopane ratios clearly show that the maturity of the Shumarinai‐gawa samples is lower than that of the Omagari‐zawa samples. These variations in the maturity of organic matter presumably reflect the difference in their burial histories. The results for the pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratios suggest that the Shumarinai‐gawa samples were deposited under dysoxic to anoxic environments across the CTB, while the depositional environments of the Omagari‐zawa samples were relatively oxic. By another paleoredox indicator using C35 homohopanoids including a homohopene index (HHenI), higher values are observed in the Shumarinai‐gawa section, particularly in the horizons of the preceding period and an early stage of the first negative shift phase and the latest oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE2) interval. These results suggest that the Shumarinai‐gawa samples record dysoxic to anoxic environments across the CTB. In contrast, the signals for the C35 homohopanoid index values show a relatively oxic condition in the Omagari‐zawa section. The trends of stratigraphic variations in redox conditions are different from those in the OAE2 interval in the proto‐Atlantic and Tethys regions as reported previously. Hence, the redox variations in the Tomamae area were basically related to a local environmental setting rather than global anoxia. However, the prominent anoxic emphasis observed in the HHenI profile of the Shumarinai‐gawa section can be a distinctive, and possibly global, event in the North‐West Pacific just before the OAE2.
Primary cutaneous diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma presenting as chronic non‐healing ulcer
Authors: Billero Victoria L , LaSenna Charlotte E , Romanelli Marco , Giubellino Alessio , Brenes Robert A , Romanelli Paolo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPrimary cutaneous diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma is an uncommon and aggressive lymphoproliferative disorder with a rapid growth rate and dismal prognosis. We present the case of a 91‐year‐old female with an unusual manifestation of primary cutaneous diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, mimicking other more prevalent diseases like chronic non‐healing venous ulceration. Dermatopathologic evaluation rendered the correct diagnosis. A discussion of this rare presentation is important for clinician consideration to prevent misdiagnosis and prolongation of proper management in patients with chronic non‐healing leg ulcers.
Children's Vulnerability and Legitimate Authority Over Children
Authors: Gheaus Anca 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChildren's vulnerability gives rise to duties of justice towards children and determines when authority over them is legitimately exercised. I argue for two claims. First, children's general vulnerability to objectionable dependency on their caregivers entails that they have a right not to be subject to monopolies of care, and therefore determines the structure of legitimate authority over them. Second, children's vulnerability to the loss of some special goods of childhood determines the content of legitimate authority over them. My interest is in the so‐far little‐discussed goods of engaging in world discovery, artistic creation, philosophical pursuits and experimentation with one's self. I call these ‘special goods of childhood’ because individuals, in general, only have full access to them during childhood and they make a distinctive and weighty contribution to wellbeing. Therefore, they are part of the metric of justice towards children. The overall conclusion is that we ought to make good institutional care part of every child's upbringing.
Research Review: The effectiveness of multidimensional family therapy in treating adolescents with multiple behavior problems – a meta‐analysis
Authors: van der Pol Thimo M. , Hoeve Machteld , Noom Marc J. , Stams Geert Jan J.M. , Doreleijers Theo A.H. , van Domburgh Lieke , Vermeiren Robert R.J.M. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundMultidimensional family therapy (MDFT) is a well‐established treatment for adolescents showing both substance abuse and/or antisocial behavior.MethodThe effectiveness of MDFT in reducing adolescents’ substance abuse, delinquency, externalizing and internalizing psychopathology, and family malfunctioning was examined by means of a (three‐level) meta‐analysis, summarizing 61 effect sizes from 19 manuscripts (N = 1,488 participants).ResultsCompared with other therapies, the overall effect size of MDFT was significant, albeit small in magnitude (d = 0.24, p < .001), and similar across intervention outcome categories. Moderator analysis revealed that adolescents with high severity problems, including severe substance abuse and disruptive behavior disorder, benefited more from MDFT than adolescents with less severe conditions.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that MDFT is effective for adolescents with substance abuse, delinquency, and comorbid behavior problems. Subsequently, it is important to match specific characteristics of the adolescents, such as extent of impairment, with MDFT.
Cross‐cultural adaptation of the Kidney Transplant Questionnaire for Chinese adult kidney allograft recipients
Authors: Niu Yujian , Zhang Wenxin , Chen Hong , Mao Sha , Yue Yang , Zhang Hongying , Li Li , Sun Ping , Wang Jianli , Zhu Xiongwei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a disease‐specific instrument for evaluating the health‐related quality life of Chinese kidney allograft recipients.MethodsCross‐cultural adaptation of the Kidney Transplant Questionnaire (KTQ) was performed by forward translation of the original English version into Chinese, followed by back translation and evaluation of the Chinese version by health care professionals, language professionals, and the translators.ResultsA total of 297 patients (110 women and 187 men; mean age, 43.91 ± 11.38 y; average time since transplant, 40.36 ± 32.86 mo) completed the Chinese versions of the KTQ and 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey, and the results were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Chinese KTQ. The Cronbach α values for all KTQ dimensions were satisfactory (physical symptoms, α = 0.876; fatigue, α = 0.896; uncertainty/fear, α = 0.686; appearance, α = 0.701; and emotions, α = 0.886) and similar to values reported for the English and Spanish versions. The correlation coefficients among the dimensions of the Chinese KTQ ranged from 0.26 to 0.69, and those between the KTQ and 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey physical component summary and mental component summary subscales were low and moderate to high, respectively, except for the appearance dimension. A good fit of the data in the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the individual items of the translated instrument indeed evaluated the intended concepts.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the KTQ was found to be similarly valid and reliable compared with the original version and, thus, can be used to evaluate health‐related quality of life among Chinese adult kidney allograft recipients.
Age dependency of nervous necrosis virus infection in barramundi Lates calcarifer (Bloch)
Authors: Jaramillo D , Hick P , Whittington R J 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAge‐dependent susceptibility to nervous necrosis virus (NNV) was demonstrated for barramundi (Lates calcarifer). The experiment used juvenile barramundi produced from a single spawning that were challenged consecutively by immersion with a redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) isolate. The dose and environmental conditions (35 ppt salinity and 30 °C) were constant. Fish and water were sampled longitudinally for histopathology and RT‐qPCR analysis to examine the evolution of the disease, virus replication, immune response and release of virus into water. Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) disease occurred in barramundi challenged at 3 and 4 weeks of age while fish challenged at 5, 7 and 9 weeks of age developed subclinical infection. Replication of NNV occurred faster and the concentration of virus reached higher concentrations in the younger fish with clinical disease. Virus isolation and qPCR tests indicated that infectious NNV was released from carcasses into water when fish were affected with clinical disease but not when NNV infection was subclinical. Based on these observations, we consider that carcasses from clinically infected fish have a potentially important role in the horizontal transmission of NNV, and barramundi juveniles should be protected from exposure to NNV until they are 5 weeks of age and reach the disease resistance threshold.
Matrices pattern using FIB; ‘Out‐of‐the‐box’ way of thinking
Authors: FLEGER Y. , GOTLIB‐VAINSHTEIN K. , TALYOSEF Y. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryFocused ion beam (FIB) is an extremely valuable tool in nanopatterning and nanofabrication for potentially high‐resolution patterning, especially when refers to He ion beam microscopy. The work presented here demonstrates an ‘out‐of‐the‐box’ method of writing using FIB, which enables creating very large matrices, up to the beam‐shift limitation, in short times and with high accuracy unachievable by any other writing technique. The new method allows combining different shapes in nanometric dimensions and high resolutions for wide ranges.
The influence of contextual factors on patient involvement during follow‐up consultations after colorectal cancer surgery: a case study
Authors: Thomsen Thora G , Soelver Lisbeth , Hølge‐Hazelton Bibi 
Published: January 2017

Aims and objectivesTo identify the contextual factors that influence individual patient involvement during colorectal cancer surgical follow‐up consultations.BackgroundThe healthcare system is subject to the requirement and expectation of greater involvement of patients and relatives. Increased patient involvement requires the development and implementation of new communication initiatives. Research shows that it is also necessary to consider the contextual circumstances surrounding patient involvement in specific situations.DesignCase study of a single Danish outpatient clinic, which allows the issues and circumstances involved in an everyday situation to be captured.Method12 nonparticipative observations of outpatient visits and, subsequently, seven in‐depth patient interviews. Analysis: Content analysis based on a dialogical, interactive framework, which underpinned the identification of current contextual factors.ResultsThe results showed five contextual factors that seemed to have an impact on patient involvement. The first, ‘Two dimensions of patient involvement: treatment‐oriented and person‐oriented’ highlighted a dual interpretation of patient involvement in the consultation situation. The two dimensions seemed to be influenced by four additional factors: ‘Doctors leading the agenda’, ‘Traditional health professional roles’, ‘Unclear responsibilities’ and ‘Guidance primarily focused on treatment’.ConclusionThe results showed how patient involvement in clinical practice could be understood as a two‐way movement, in which patients are invited to participate in clinical practice, while health professionals are invited to participate in the patients’ lives. The movement will change from situation to situation and is influenced by several contextual factors.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results can help doctors and nurses to navigate using a goal‐oriented approach towards patient involvement. The study makes visible the need for research‐based development of the independent role of the nursing profession in cancer care follow‐up, with a view to enhanced patient‐centred care.
Riding off into the Sunset: Organizational Sensegiving, Shareholder Sensemaking, and Reactions to CEO Retirement
Authors: Bilgili Hansin , Tochman Campbell Joanna , Ellstrand Alan E. , Johnson Jonathan L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe test hypotheses derived from resource dependence and sensemaking/sensegiving theoretical lenses in the context of CEO succession, focusing on an under‐researched yet prevalent type of executive turnover – CEO retirement. Using event study methodology and a sample of CEO retirements from S&P 1500 firms during the 2003–12 period, we find that, all else equal, shareholders’ perceptions of organizations’ capacity to serve their interests are adversely affected when a retirement related change occurs in the leadership structure. Specifically, in line with resource dependence theory, we find that CEO retirement disclosures typically generate negative abnormal returns. Furthermore, in line with the sensemaking perspective, we find that the magnitude of shareholders’ reactions is contingent on the lexical sensegiving cues contained in the organizational narratives that are released to capital markets via executive retirement announcements. Overall, our theory and results point to CEO retirement events as consequential in the eyes of shareholders, challenging an important assumption of extant succession research. Moreover, they suggest that shareholders’ interpretation of these events is influenced by organizational sensegiving, highlighting the important role of organizational communication around succession events.
Maternal hypertensive disorders are associated with increased use of respiratory support but not chronic lung disease or poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm neonates at <29 weeks of gestation
Authors: Matić Mara , Inati Violet , Abdel‐Latif Mohamed E , Kent Alison L ,   for the NSW ACT NICUS Network
Published: January 2017

AimTo assess whether maternal hypertensive disorders in pregnancies result in higher respiratory requirements, risk of chronic lung disease (CLD) and poorer neurodevelopmental outcome in <29‐week premature neonates.MethodsThis is a multicentre, retrospective cohort study, within a geographically defined area in Australia, served by a network of 10 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), consisting of infants <29 weeks of gestational age who were admitted to NICUs between 1998 and 2004. Outcome measures included hospital survival, perinatal complications and functional disability at 2–3 years follow‐up.ResultsA total of 2549 mothers and infants were included in the study; 379 (14.9%) mothers had hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Follow‐up data were obtained for 1473 (74.8%) infants at 2–3 years. Infants exposed to pre‐eclampsia had a higher need for supplemental surfactant therapy (odds ratio (OR): 2.004, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.51–2.66), longer duration of mechanical ventilation (7.0 days vs. 4.0 days), were associated with a higher incidence of CLD (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.12–1.76) and received post‐natal steroids for CLD (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.43–2.31) and home oxygen (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.11–1.95). Multivariable analysis showed that hypertensive disease of pregnancy was not significantly associated with the development of CLD in this cohort (OR: 1.103, 95% CI: 0.845–1.441). Multivariable analysis of long‐term neurodevelopmental data available for the 1473 follow‐up infants showed no significant difference in outcomes with or without exposure to maternal hypertensive disease.ConclusionMaternal hypertensive disease of pregnancy does not increase the risk of CLD or long‐term neurodevelopmental complications in infants born at <29 weeks of gestation.
Humans are Detected More Efficiently than Machines in the Context of Natural Scenes
Authors: Mayer Katja M. , Vuong Quoc C. , Thornton Ian M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn the context of natural scenes, we recently showed that detecting humans among machine distractors is more efficient than detecting machines among human distractors (Mayer, Vuong, & Thornton, 2015). We concluded that the attentional system is tuned to efficiently process human form and motion. However, our results are also consistent with the possibility that discarding machine distractors is more efficient than discarding human distractors. In the present study, we replicated our previous visual search experiment but this time embedded targets amongst the same type of distractors; namely scenes displaying natural motion (e.g., billowing clouds, trees moving in the wind). Detecting humans among natural motion was more efficient than detecting machines among the same distractors as reflected in shallower search slopes, smaller intercepts, shorter first fixation durations on targets, and higher percentages of first fixations on targets. These findings are in line with efficient detection of human targets but not with efficient discarding of machine distractors.