bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CMDR based differential evolution identifies the epistatic interaction in genome-wide association studies
Authors: Yang Cheng-Hong , Chuang Li-Yeh , Lin Yu-Da 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Detecting epistatic interactions in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is a computational challenge. Such huge numbers of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) combinations limit the some of the powerful algorithms to be applied to detect the potential epistasis in large-scale SNP datasets.

Approach
We propose a new algorithm which combines the differential evolution (DE) algorithm with a classification based multifactor-dimensionality reduction (CMDR), termed DECMDR. DECMDR uses the CMDR as a fitness measure to evaluate values of solutions in DE process for scanning the potential statistical epistasis in GWAS.

Results
The results indicated that DECMDR outperforms the existing algorithms in terms of detection success rate by the large simulation and real data obtained from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. For running time comparison, DECMDR can efficient to apply the CMDR to detect the significant association between cases and controls amongst all possible SNP combinations in GWAS.

Availability and Implementation
DECMDR is freely available at https://goo.gl/p9sLuJ.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Inhibition of the P2X7–PANX1 complex suppresses spreading depolarization and neuroinflammation
Authors: Chen Shih-Pin , Qin Tao , Seidel Jessica L. , Zheng Yi , Eikermann Matthias , Ferrari Michel D. , van den Maagdenberg Arn M. J. M. , Moskowitz Michael A. , Ayata Cenk , Eikermann-Haerter Katharina 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Spreading depolarization is a wave of neuronal and glial depolarization. Within minutes after spreading depolarization, the neuronal hemichannel pannexin 1 (PANX1) opens and forms a pore complex with the ligand-gated cation channel P2X7, allowing the release of excitatory neurotransmitters to sustain spreading depolarization and activate neuroinflammation. Here, we explore the hypothesis that the P2X7–PANX1 pore complex is a critical determinant of spreading depolarization susceptibility with important consequences for neuroinflammation and trigeminovascular activation. We found that genetic loss of function or ablation of the P2x7 gene inhibits spreading depolarization. Moreover, pharmacological suppression of the P2X7–PANX1 pore complex inhibits spreading depolarization in mice carrying the human familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 R192Q missense mutation as well as in wild-type mice and rats. Pore inhibitors elevate the electrical threshold for spreading depolarization, and reduce spreading depolarization frequency and amplitude. Pore inhibitors also suppress downstream consequences of spreading depolarization such as upregulation of interleukin-1 beta, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the cortex after spreading depolarization. In addition, they inhibit surrogates for trigeminovascular activation, including expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the trigeminal ganglion and c-Fos in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the P2X7–PANX1 pore complex is a critical determinant of spreading depolarization susceptibility and its downstream consequences, of potential relevance to its signature disorders such as migraine.
The commons tragedy in the North Sea brown shrimp fishery: how horizontal institutional interactions inhibit a self-governance structure
Authors: Steenbergen Josien , Trapman Brita K. , Steins Nathalie A. , Poos Jan Jaap 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Self-regulation is now widely regarded as an effective mechanism for collective action aimed at sustainable management of common pool resources. The brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) fishing industry in the Netherlands has been working on the implementation of a self-management strategy since 2007, as part of its ambition to get certified to the Marine Stewardship Council standard. Part of the self-management strategy is the development of a harvest control rule for reducing fishing effort when catches are low. Until recently, these attempts failed. The failure of the initiatives for self-management is examined within Ostrom’s nested framework for understanding institutions for managing resource use. This framework emphasises the importance of strong vertical embeddedness of institutional arrangements for resource (co)management. Our analysis shows that, despite a strong vertical embeddedness, mismatches between different institutional frameworks at the same level (horizontal interaction) affect the performance of self-management at the organizational level. This inhibits the resource users’ collective actions to self-manage their brown shrimp fishery, leading to a potential commons tragedy.
Prediction Algorithm for Surgical Intervention in Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy
Authors: Wilson Thomas J , Chang Kate W C , Yang Lynda J S 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) results in reduced function of the affected arm with profound ramifications on quality of life. Advances in surgical technique have shown improvements in outcomes for appropriately selected patients. Patient selection, however, remains difficult.

OBJECTIVE
To develop a decision algorithm that could be applied at the individual patient level, early in life, to reliably predict persistent NBPP that would benefit from surgery.

METHODS
Retrospective review of NBPP patients was undertaken. Maternal and neonatal factors were entered into the C5.0 statistical package in R (The R Foundation). A 60/40 model was employed, whereby 60% of randomized data were used to train the decision tree, while the remaining 40% were used to test the decision tree. The outcome of interest for the decision tree was a severe lesion meeting requirements for surgical candidacy.

RESULTS
A decision tree prediction algorithm was generated from the entered variables. Variables utilized in the final decision tree included presence of Horner's syndrome, presence of a pseudomeningocele, Narakas grade, clavicle fracture at birth, birth weight >9 lbs, and induction or augmentation of labor. Sensitivity of the decision tree was 0.71, specificity 0.96, positive predictive value 0.94, negative predictive value 0.79, and F1 score 0.81.

CONCLUSION
We developed a decision tree prediction algorithm that can be applied shortly after birth to determine surgical candidacy of patients with NBPP, the first of its kind utilizing only maternal and neonatal factors. This conservative decision tree can be used to offer early surgical intervention for appropriate candidates.
Endoscopic-Assisted Median Aperture Approach for Resection of Fourth Ventricular Tumor and Confirmation of Patency of Cerebral Aqueduct Using an Adjustable-Angle Endoscope: Technical Case Report
Authors: Austerman Ryan , Lucas Joshua , Kammen Alexandra , Zada Gabriel 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Open microsurgical approaches to the roof of the fourth ventricle via a telovelar approach typically require cerebellar retraction and/or splitting of the vermis and may be associated with postoperative neurological morbidities. In this case report and technical note, we describe the use of an adjustable-angle endoscope inserted into the median aperture via suboccipital craniotomy, resulting in enhanced visualization of the roof of the fourth ventricle and cerebral aqueduct and maximal safe tumor resection.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 49-yr-old woman with obstructive hydrocephalus and a fourth ventricular mass that was not fully visible with the use of an operative microscope.

CONCLUSION: Direct visualization of the roof of the fourth ventricle, including the superior medullary velum and cerebral aqueduct, can be facilitated with an adjustable angle endoscope inserted into the median aperture via suboccipital craniotomy to minimize the degree of telovelar dissection and vermis splitting.
Surgical Approaches to the Temporal Horn: An Anatomic Analysis of White Matter Tract Interruption
Authors: Kadri Paulo A. S. , de Oliveira Jean G. , Krayenbühl Niklaus , Türe Uğur , de Oliveira Evandro P. L. , Al-Mefty Ossama , Ribas Guilherme C. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Surgical access to the temporal horn is necessary to treat tumors and vascular lesions, but is used mainly in patients with mediobasal temporal epilepsy. The surgical approaches to this cavity fall into 3 primary categories: lateral, inferior, and transsylvian. The current neurosurgical literature has underestimated the interruption of involved fiber bundles and the correlated clinical manifestations.

OBJECTIVE: To delineate the interruption of fiber bundles during the different approaches to the temporal horn.

METHODS: We simulated the lateral (trans-middle temporal gyrus), inferior (transparahippocampal gyrus), and transsylvian approaches in 20 previously frozen, formalin-fixed human brains (40 hemispheres). Fiber dissection was then done along the lateral and inferior aspects under the operating microscope. Each stage of dissection and its respective fiber tract interruption were defined.

RESULTS: The lateral (trans-middle temporal gyrus) approach interrupted “U” fibers, the superior longitudinal fasciculus (inferior arm), occipitofrontal fasciculus (ventral segment), uncinate fasciculus (dorsolateral segment), anterior commissure (posterior segment), temporopontine, inferior thalamic peduncle (posterior fibers), posterior thalamic peduncle (anterior portion), and tapetum fibers. The inferior (transparahippocampal gyrus) approach interrupted “U” fibers, the cingulum (inferior arm), and fimbria, and transected the hippocampal formation. The transsylvian approach interrupted “U” fibers (anterobasal region of the extreme capsule), the uncinate fasciculus (ventromedial segment), and anterior commissure (anterior segment), and transected the anterosuperior aspect of the amygdala.

CONCLUSION: White matter dissection improves our knowledge of the complex anatomy surrounding the temporal horn. Identifying the fiber bundles at risk during each surgical approach adds important information for choosing the appropriate surgical strategy.
Use of cardiovascular age for assessing risks and benefits of menopausal hormone therapy
Authors: Santen Richard J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The Women's Health Initiative studies and others have suggested that menopausal hormone therapy may enhance the risk of new cardiovascular (CV) events in older women and diminish the development of coronary atherosclerosis in younger women. The underlying mechanisms to explain these findings are encapsulated in the term “Timing Hypothesis.” Extensive pathophysiologic studies have provided mechanistic evidence for the dichotomous effects of estrogen on coronary artery vasculature. Early in the atherosclerotic disease process, estrogen exerts protective effects on the endothelium and retards plaque formation. Late in the process, estrogen causes plaque erosion or rupture with subsequent thrombosis and acute coronary events. Analysis of the Timing Hypothesis in women examined in the Women's Health Initiative primarily used chronologic age to assess divergent effects of estrogen. The complexity of the data underlying coronary pathophysiology has resulted in controversy whether MHT can be used in older women or those with prior CV disease. In a debate of this issue at a recent International Menopause Society meeting, the concept of using CV age rather than chronologic age was discussed as a practical method of resolving this issue and facilitating therapeutic decisions in older women. This “Personal Perspective” will review the concepts underlying CV age, describe how it is determined, provide support for its utility, and propose future studies using this parameter.
Neuroprognostication after cardiac arrest in the light of targeted temperature management
Authors: Oddo Mauro , Friberg Hans 
Published: March 2017

Purpose of review
Delayed awakening after targeted temperature management (TTM) and sedation is frequent among cardiac arrest patients. Differentiating between prolonged coma and irreversible cerebral damage can be challenging, therefore the utilization of a multimodal approach is recommended by international guidelines. Here, we discuss indications and advantages/disadvantages of available modalities for coma prognostication and describe new tools to improve our accuracy for outcome prediction.

Recent findings
Studies from the TTM era confirmed that combining neurological examination with electrophysiological assessment [electroencephalography (EEG) and somato-sensory evoked potentials (SSEP)] greatly improves coma prognostication. This combination is nowadays recognized as the most useful by many clinicians and appears widely applicable as part of initial patient assessment. Additional tests (serum neuron specific enolase and neuroimaging) may be most useful to orient clinical decisions in patients with prolonged coma. Advanced analysis of EEG and SSEP recordings and the emergence of quantitative pupillometry hold great promise.

Summary
Multimodal prognostication offers a comprehensive approach of anoxic–ischemic encephalopathy and is increasingly used in postresuscitation care. Worldwide implementation and future advancements of available modalities, together with the increasing use of novel automated devices for quantitative neurological examination, may further optimize prognostic accuracy in the early ICU phase following cardiac arrest.
Serum Aminotransferase Flares in Pregnant and Postpartum Women With Current or Prior Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Chang Christine Y. , Aziz Natali , Poongkunran Mugilan , Javaid Asad , Trinh Huy N. , Lau Daryl T. , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: March 2017

Background and Aims:Antiviral therapy is recommended for pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA>200,000 IU/mL, but there is less consensus on management of women who discontinue therapy in anticipation of pregnancy or who become pregnant while on therapy. The goal of this study was to describe flares in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) during pregnancy and postpartum in CHB women with current and/or prior treatment.Methods:This was a multicenter, retrospective study of 67 pregnancies in 56 CHB women treated before and/or during pregnancy. Main outcomes were frequency, severity, and resolution of ALT flare (≥5× upper limit of normal or ≥3× baseline, whichever was higher).Results:During pregnancy, ALT flares (95 to 1064 U/L) were observed in 16% (7/43) of women who stopped treatment before pregnancy and 31% (4/13) of women who discontinued treatment during first trimester, many of whom had high HBV DNA levels (4.9 to 8.0 log IU/mL). No flares (0/11) were observed in women who continued treatment. Postpartum ALT flares (104 to 1584 U/L) were observed in 0% (0/15) of women who were completely untreated during pregnancy, 29% (2/7) of women who discontinued treatment in first trimester, 33% (3/9) of women who stopped treatment at delivery, and 22% (4/18) of women who continued treatment postpartum.Conclusions:In previously treated women with CHB, ALT flares were common during pregnancy and postpartum, especially if antiviral therapy was discontinued shortly before pregnancy, during first trimester, or at delivery. Thus, these pregnant women should be monitored closely throughout pregnancy and the early postpartum period; larger studies are needed to further characterize the natural history of HBV infection during pregnancy and postpartum.
Clinical implications of antimitochondrial antibody seropositivity in autoimmune hepatitis: a multicentre study
Authors: Muratori Paolo , Efe Cumali , Muratori Luigi , Ozaslan Ersan , Schiano Thomas , Yoshida Eric M. , Heurgué-Berlot Alexandra , Lalanne Claudine , Lenzi Marco , Wahlin Staffan 
Published: March 2017

Background/aim
Antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) positivity is the serological marker of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), but can also be sporadically detected in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Little is known about the clinical significance of AMA in AIH.

Patients and methods
We recruited 47 AMA-positive AIH cases from several centres and compared them with 264 well-characterized Italian AIH patients. Cases with any features of PBC were excluded.

Results
In univariate analysis, AMA-positive AIH patients were older (46 vs. 36, P=0.002) and more responsive to immunosuppression (74 vs. 59%, P=0.05), but no differences were observed between the two groups after logistic regression using AMA as a dependent variable. None of the AMA-positive AIH patients showed signs of evolving PBC features after a median follow-up of up 47 months. AMA was detected in combination with all serological AIH markers except antiliver kidney microsome type 1 and antiliver cytosol type 1. AMA was the only marker of autoimmunity in eight cases.

Conclusion
We found no differences between AIH with and without AMA. The groups had similar clinical, biochemical and histological features. AMA-positive AIH patients did not evolve towards PBC. In some cases, AMA was the only autoantibody.
The superiority of the two-thumb over the two-finger technique for single-rescuer infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Lee Sang Yoon , Hong Jun Young , Oh Je Hyeok , Son Sun-Han 
Published: March 2017

Objectives
The two-finger technique (TFT) using the index-middle fingers of the right hand (TFT-R23) was recently confirmed to produce deeper chest compression depth (CCD) compared with the TFT using any other fingers. This study was carried out to confirm whether the TFT-R23 would be as effective as the two-thumb technique (TTT). In addition, individual finger strengths were measured to identify the reasons why the TTT and TFT-R23 produced deeper CCD than any other methods.

Methods
This prospective randomized cross-over trial compared TTT with TFT-R23. A total of 37 doctors conducted 2 min single-rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation using TTT and TFT-R23 in a random order using a 3-month-old sized infant manikin laid on the floor. The chest compression to ventilation ratio was set to 15 : 2. In addition, finger strengths were measured using a pinch meter.

Results
The actual CCD of the TTT was significantly deeper than that of the TFT-R23 (41.3±1.3 vs. 39.8±1.5 mm, P<0.001). Although the hands-off time of the TTT was significantly longer than that of the TFT-R23 (55.6±5.7 vs. 53.6±5.8 s, P=0.002), the mean difference was only 2.0±3.7 s (95% confidence interval: 0.755–3.245). The finger strength of the TTT was significantly higher than that of TFT-R23 (23.8±10.1 vs. 13.7±5.1 kg, P<0.001).

Conclusion
The TTT produced deeper CCD compared with that of the TFT-R23 because the finger strength of the TTT was significantly higher than that of the TFT-R23.
Partial occlusion, conversion from thoracotomy, undelayed but shorter occlusion: resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta strategy in Japan
Authors: Matsumura Yosuke , Matsumoto Junichi , Kondo Hiroshi , Idoguchi Koji , Funabiki Tomohiro 
Published: March 2017

Introduction
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a viable alternative to resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) in refractory hemorrhagic patients. We evaluated REBOA strategies using Japanese multi-institutional data.

Patients and methods
The DIRECT-IABO investigators registered trauma patients requiring REBOA from 18 hospitals. Patients’ characteristics, outcomes, and time in initial treatment were collected and analyzed.

Results
From August 2011 to December 2015, 106 trauma patients were analyzed. The majority of patients were men (67%) (median BMI of 22 kg/m2, 96% blunt injured). REBOA occurred in the field (1.9%, all survived >30 days), emergency department (75%), angiography suite (17%), and operating room (1.9%). Initial deployment was at zone I in 93% and partial occlusion in 70% of cases. RT and REBOA were combined in 30 patients (RT+REBOA group) who showed significantly higher injury severity score (44 vs. 36, P=0.001) and chest abbreviated injury scale (4 vs. 3; P<0.001) than the REBOA-alone group (n=76). Frequent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (73%), longer prothrombin time-international normalised ratio, lower pH, and higher lactate were observed in the RT+REBOA. Among 24 h nonsurvivors (n=30) of the REBOA alone, preocclusion systolic blood pressure was lower (43 vs. 72 mmHg; P=0.002), indicating impending cardiac arrest, and duration of occlusion was longer (60 vs. 31 min; P=0.010). In the RT+REBOA (n=30), six survived beyond 24 h, three beyond 30 days, and achieved survival discharge.

Conclusion
Partial occlusion was performed in 70% of patients. Undelayed deployment of REBOA without presenting impending cardiac arrest with shorter balloon occlusion (<30 min at zone I with partial occlusion) might be related to successful hemodynamic stabilization and improved survival. Further evaluation should be performed prospectively.
Kinetics of low-temperature transitions and a reaction rate theory from non-equilibrium distributions
Authors: Aquilanti Vincenzo , Coutinho Nayara Dantas , Carvalho-Silva Valter Henrique 
Published: March 2017

This article surveys the empirical information which originated both by laboratory experiments and by computational simulations, and expands previous understanding of the rates of chemical processes in the low-temperature range, where deviations from linearity of Arrhenius plots were revealed. The phenomenological two-parameter Arrhenius equation requires improvement for applications where interpolation or extrapolations are demanded in various areas of modern science. Based on Tolman's theorem, the dependence of the reciprocal of the apparent activation energy as a function of reciprocal absolute temperature permits the introduction of a deviation parameterdcovering uniformly a variety of rate processes, from those where quantum mechanical tunnelling is significant andd < 0, to those whered > 0, corresponding to the Pareto–Tsallis statistical weights: these generalize the Boltzmann–Gibbs weight, which is recovered ford = 0. It is shown here how the weights arise, relaxing the thermodynamic equilibrium limit, either for a binomial distribution ifd > 0 or for a negative binomial distribution ifd < 0, formally corresponding to Fermion-like or Boson-like statistics, respectively. The current status of the phenomenology is illustrated emphasizing case studies; specifically (i) thesuper-Arrhenius kinetics, where transport phenomena accelerate processes as the temperature increases; (ii) thesub-Arrhenius kinetics, where quantum mechanical tunnelling propitiates low-temperature reactivity; (iii) theanti-Arrhenius kinetics, where processes with no energetic obstacles are rate-limited by molecular reorientation requirements. Particular attention is given for case (i) to the treatment of diffusion and viscosity, for case (ii) to formulation of a transition rate theory for chemical kinetics including quantum mechanical tunnelling, and for case (iii) to the stereodirectional specificity of the dynamics of reactions strongly hindered by the increase of temperature.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Theoretical and computational studies of non-equilibrium and non-statistical dynamics in the gas phase, in the condensed phase and at interfaces’.