bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating discrepancies in findings between rigorous randomized trials and meta‐analyses evaluating pregnancy interventions to limit gestational weight gain
Authors: Dodd Jodie M. , Deussen Andrea R. , Poprzeczny Amanda J. , Slade Laura J. , Mitchell Megan , Louise Jennie 
Published: October 2024

SummaryIntroductionRobust randomized trials consistently demonstrate little impact from diet and physical activity interventions on gestational weight gain (GWG) and clinical outcomes, although meta‐analyses report some benefit. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of trial quality on treatment effect estimates and review conclusions.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of dietary and/or physical activity interventions for pregnant women with a body mass index ≥18.5 kg/m2. We assessed studies for risk of bias and methodological features impacting reliability. Outcomes included GWG; gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); pre‐eclampsia; caesarean birth; and birth weight measures. For each outcome, a sequence of meta‐analyses was performed based on intervention group and level of potential bias in the effect estimate.ResultsWe identified 128 eligible studies. The most robust estimate from a combined diet and physical activity behavioral intervention, with only studies at negligible risk of bias, was a difference in GWG of 1.10 kg (95% CI −1.62 to −0.58; 17,755 women). There was no evidence of an effect on any clinical outcomes.ConclusionsOur findings highlight discrepancies produced by the indiscriminate inclusion of studies with methodological flaws in previous systematic reviews. Regular weighing of pregnant women is futile in the absence of clinical benefit.
Prevention of allergies and infections by minimally processed milk in infants—The MARTHA feasibility and safety trial
Authors: Weber Melanie , Hehn Franziska , Huynh Yvi , Remkes Aaron , Strunz‐Lehner Christine , Häuser Irmgard , Hollunder Stefanie , Sharma Sheena , Contento Sibylle , Mansmann Ulrich , von Mutius Erika , Ege Markus Johannes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundConsumption of raw cow's milk has repeatedly been shown to protect from asthma, allergies, and respiratory infections. As raw milk bears potential health hazards, it cannot be recommended for prevention. Therefore, we performed an intervention study with microbially safe but otherwise minimally processed cow's milk. Here we describe feasibility and safety of the trial.MethodsThe MARTHA trial (DRKS00014781) was set up as a double‐blind randomized intervention in a population residing in Bavaria. Infants from 6 to 36 months of age consumed minimally processed cow's milk (intervention arm) or ultra‐heat‐treated (UHT) semi‐skimmed milk (comparator arm).ResultsAt the age of 6 to 12 months, 260 infants were enrolled, with 72% having a family history of atopy. The extensive screening system for milk consumption and symptoms suggestive of adverse events was well accepted with 22,988 completed weekly surveys and an average completion of 82% surveys sent out. The children consumed the study milk on average on 457 days (61% of intervention days). The intervention proved to be safe without any case of milk allergy or milk intolerance under the intervention in both arms. All 6 cases of serious adverse events were unrelated to milk. The most common reason was unscheduled hospitalization of more than 3 days.ConclusionsThe intervention with minimally processed milk and the study instruments proved feasible. During the age of 6 to 36 months, there was no increased risk of milk allergy in a population with a substantial proportion of family history of atopy.
Flexible substrate‐based mass spectrometry platform for in situ non‐destructive molecular imaging of living plants
Authors: Zhang Guanhua , Zheng Han , Wang Xiao , Han Shuxin , Liu Wei , Sun Chenglong , Hu Qiongzheng , Ma Chunxia 
Published: October 2024

SummaryMonitoring and localizing molecules on living plants is critical for understanding their growth, development and disease. However, current techniques for molecular imaging of living plants often lack spatial information or require tedious pre‐labelling. Here, we proposed a novel molecular imaging platform that combines sliver nanowire‐doped Ti3C2 MXene (Ag NWs@MXene) flexible film substrate with laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AMF‐LDI‐MSI) to study the spatial distribution of biomolecules on the surface of living plants. This platform overcomes the MSI challenges posed by difficult‐to‐slice plant tissues (e.g., tough or water‐rich roots and fragile flowers) and enables precisely transfer and visualize the molecule. Comparisons of the measurement results to those from matrix‐assisted LDI‐MSI (MALDI‐MSI) technology demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the platform. Biocompatibility evaluations indicated that the platform without observable adverse effects on the health of living plants. The distribution of growth and disease‐associated signalling molecules, such as choline, organic acids and carbohydrates, can be in situ non‐destructively detected on the surfaces of living plants, which is important for tracking the health of plants and their diseased areas. AMF‐LDI‐MSI platform can serve as a promising tool for label‐free, in situ and non‐destructive monitoring of functional biomolecules and plant growth from a spatial perspective.
Does Taking a Break Matter—Adaptations in Muscle Strength and Size Between Continuous and Periodic Resistance Training
Authors: Halonen Eeli J. , Gabriel Idda , Kelahaara Milla M. , Ahtiainen Juha P. , Hulmi Juha J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWe aimed to compare the effects of periodic resistance training (RT) and continuous RT on muscle strength and size. Fifty‐five healthy, untrained participants (age 32 ± 5 years) were randomized to periodic (PRT, n = 20 completed the study, 45% females) or continuous (CRT, n = 22 completed the study, 45% females) groups. PRT completed a 10‐week RT, a 10‐week detraining, and a second identical 10‐week RT. CRT began with a 10‐week non‐RT, followed by a 20‐week RT. RT included twice‐weekly supervised whole‐body RT sessions. Leg press (LP) and biceps curl (BC) one repetition maximum (1RM), countermovement jump (CMJ) height, muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) of vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps brachii (BB) using ultrasound imaging were measured twice at the beginning and every fifth week during the intervention. Both groups increased (p < 0.001) 1RM in LP and BC, CSA in VL and BB, and CMJ height with no differences between the groups. In PRT, 1RM in LP and BC, CSA in VL and BB, and CMJ height decreased during detraining (p < 0.05). During the first 5 weeks of retraining in PRT, increases in LP 1RM, and VL and BB CSA were greater than in CRT during Weeks 10–15 of their CRT (p < 0.01). PRT and CTR ended up in similar postintervention adaptations, as decreased muscle strength and size during detraining in PRT regained rapidly during retraining. Our results therefore suggest that trainees should not be too concerned about occasional short‐term training breaks in their daily lives when it comes to lifelong strength training.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05553769
Characterization of the Novel HLA‐A*24:02:169 Allele by Sequencing‐Based Typing
Authors: Elsermans Vincent , Cargou Marine , Pajot Thibault , Top Isabelle , Labalette Myriam 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHLA‐A*24:02:169 differs from HLA‐A*24:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon −23 in exon 1.
Dynamics of Feline Sporotrichosis in Espírito Santo, Brazil: Impact of Urbanisation
Authors: Gomes Angelita Reis , Vieira Luisa Frasson , Enriquez‐Martinez Oscar Giovanny , Castro Fernanda Cristina de Abreu Quintela , Teixeira Sarah Fernandes , Ambrósio Roberta Passamani , Carneiro Rediguieri Bruno , Gonçalves Sarah Santos , Faria Renata Osorio , Romero Ágata Fernandes , Pereira Clairton Marcolongo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionSporotrichosis is a chronic infectious mycosis caused by traumatic implantation of Sporothrix spp., which poses a significant challenge to public health because of its zoonotic nature. It affects humans and other animals, particularly cats. This study investigated epidemiological trends and spatial distribution of feline sporotrichosis in Espírito Santo between 2017 and 2022.MethodsThis study collected diagnostic data on sporotrichosis from the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory and Center for Infectious Diseases in Espírito Santo from 2017 to 2022. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA and spatial analyses were performed using ArcGIS software to create maps and identify hotspots. Kernel density estimation and directional mean statistics were applied to visualise the disease concentration and transmission trends.ResultsThe results showed a significant increase in feline sporotrichosis cases in Espírito Santo from 2017 to 2022, with hotspots identified in urban and densely populated areas. Anchieta, Aracruz and Vila Velha reported the highest numbers of cases. Spatial analysis indicated a spread towards the central and northern coastal regions.ConclusionThis study highlights the growing threat of feline sporotrichosis in Espírito Santo, Brazil, particularly in densely populated urban areas. This underscores the urgent need for comprehensive public health strategies that address urbanisation, human–animal interactions and managing stray cat populations. Effective control measures and enhanced surveillance are crucial to mitigate the spread of this zoonotic disease. Importantly, this study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology of sporotrichosis in Brazil and offers a framework for other regions identified as emerging hotspots that face similar challenges.
Reflecting perfection for finite‐dimensional differential graded algebras
Authors: Goodbody Isambard 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe generalise two facts about finite‐dimensional algebras to finite‐dimensional differential graded algebras. The first is the Nakayama lemma and the second is that the simples can detect finite projective dimension. We prove two dual versions which relate to Gorenstein differential graded algebras and Koszul duality, respectively. As an application, we prove a corepresentability result for finite‐dimensional differential graded algebras.
A Comprehensive Literature Review on the Resolution of Turbine Engine Performances' Inverse Problems
Authors: Vu Dong Quan , Razakarivony Sebastien , Marnissi Yosra , Nocture Michel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Turbine engine monitoring is a well-known and well-studied subject that proves to be essential for the aeronautic industry. A popular approach in engine monitoring is constructing indicators that reflect systems' health states by leveraging operational measurements (i.e., sensors' data during flights)—this is known as the engine performance's inverse problem. There exists an extensive literature on this topic, especially revolving around two well-used types of performance indicators of aircraft engines: efficiencies and air mass flow rates of engine's modules. This review aims to provide a comprehensive survey of this particular literature, which so far has not been properly organized and structured. Our first contribution is to propose a novel taxonomy of the relevant methods. In particular, we consider the role of physics-based models—an element that provides specific advantages and challenges in the context of aircraft engines monitoring—and see if each method exploits such models inside or outside the main algorithmic process (or not exploiting them at all). Our second contribution is to identify the pros and cons of each method, along with additional insights with respect to two commonly encountered challenges: under-determined scenarios and time-series data. Finally, we give some guidelines for selecting appropriate strategies in practical situations and perspectives for future works.
Multidisciplinary Surrogate-Based Optimization of a Compressor Rotor Blade Considering Ice Impact
Authors: Nyssen F. , de Cazenove J. , Nigro R. , Cracco C. , Baert L. , Ruess J.-S. , Valentin V. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ice ingestion can lead to a range of detrimental effects, from diminished engine performance to potentially catastrophic failure, especially for the first compressor stages. As the ice is traveling through the engine, whether due to direct hail particle ingestion or due to shedding of ice accretions, the impact with engine components that rotate at high speed can result in severe mechanical damage. The leading edge of the blades in the low-pressure compressor is particularly prone to local damage. Therefore, it is important to consider ice impact simulations as soon as possible in the design process. In this context, the authors propose in this work a multidisciplinary surrogate-based optimization strategy for a compressor rotor that includes ice impact simulations. For this purpose, a dedicated three-dimensional (3D) blade parametrization is first introduced. Then, based on this set of design parameters, the proposed optimization chain is presented, and each chain block is detailed. In particular, (1) aerodynamical simulations are considered at three different flight conditions, (2) maximum static stresses and frequency margins with respect to specific engine orders are evaluated, (3) the blade robustness to blade/casing contact events is assessed using the clearance consumption simplified criteria, and (4) ice impact simulations are carried out using transient response computations with an explicit time integration scheme and the ice fragment modeled with the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. A dedicated lower-fidelity model has been developed for the specific purpose of optimization loops to maintain reasonable computations times. The proposed strategy is applied to design a rotor blade of a low-pressure compressor. The aim is to satisfy all mechanical constraints to ensure the blade robustness in operation, without deteriorating its aerodynamic performance. The optimization process is detailed in the paper, and an in-depth analysis of the optimization results is presented.
Relative inhibitory activities of newly developed diazabicyclooctanes, boronic acid derivatives, and penicillin-based sulfone β-lactamase inhibitors against broad-spectrum AmpC β-lactamases
Authors: Le Terrier Christophe , Mlynarcik Patrik , Sadek Mustafa , Nordmann Patrice , Poirel Laurent 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

The relative inhibitory activities of diazabicyclooctanes (avibactam, relebactam, zidebactam, nacubactam, durlobactam), boronic acid derivatives (vaborbactam, taniborbactam, xeruborbactam), and penicillin-based sulfone derivative enmetazobactam were evaluated against several intrinsic and acquired class C β-lactamases. By contrast to vaborbactam and enmetazobactam, taniborbactam, xeruborbactam, and all diazabicyclooctanes demonstrated effective activities against most AmpC enzymes. Notably, durlobactam exhibited the most pronounced inhibitory effect. Interstingly, the chromosomal AmpC of
Acinetobacter baumannii
was the least sensitive enzyme to the newly developed β-lactamase inhibitors.
A dual program for CRP-mediated regulation in bacterial alarmone (p)ppGpp
Authors: Zhao Li , Zhou Shi-Yu , Fu Yu , Shen Jin-Long , Yin Bin-Cheng , You Di , Ye Bang-Ce 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Gene expression and proper downstream cellular functions upon facing environmental shifts depend on the combined and cooperative regulation of genetic networks. Here, we identified cAMP receptor protein (CRP) as a master regulator of (p)ppGpp (guanosine tetra- and penta-phosphate) homeostasis. Via CRP-mediated direct transcriptional regulation of the (p)ppGpp synthetase/hydrolase RelA and SpoT, cAMP-CRP stimulates pervasive accumulation of (p)ppGpp under glucose-limiting conditions. Notably, CRP exerts a nonclassical property as a translational regulator through YfiQ-dependent acetylation of ribosome protein S1 at K247, which further enhances the translation of RelA, SpoT, and CRP itself. From a synthetic biology perspective, this self-activating feedback loop for (p)ppGpp synthesis highlights the function of

C

RP-

m

ediated

d

ual

e

nhancement (CMDE) in controlling bacterial gene expression, which enables stable activation of genetic circuits. CMDE applied in synthetic circuits leads to a stable increase in
p
-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, and pinosylvin production. Our findings showed that CRP-mediated dual circuits for (p)ppGpp regulation enable robust activation that could address bioproduction and other biotechnological needs.

IMPORTANCE

Transcriptional–translational coordination is fundamental for rapid and efficient gene expression in most bacteria. Here, we uncovered the roles of cAMP-CRP in this process. We found that CRP distinctly increases RelA and SpoT transcription and translation, and that acetylation of S1 at K247 accelerates the self-activation of the leading CRP under glucose-limiting conditions. We further found that elevated (p)ppGpp significantly impedes the formation of the cAMP-CRP complex, an active form responsible for transcriptional activation. A model was created in which cAMP-CRP and (p)ppGpp cooperate to dynamically modulate the efficiency of transcriptional–translational coordination responses to stress. More broadly, productive activation in synthetic circuits was achieved through the application of

C

RP-

m

ediated

d

ual

e

nhancement (CMDE), promising to inspire new approaches for the development of cell-based biotechnologies.
Complete genome sequence of
Microbacterium
sp. che218, an endophyte isolated from
Vitis vinifera
cv. Chardonnay shoot xylem
Authors: Aoki Yoshinao , Asada Takayuki , Nojiri Masutoshi , Suzuki Shunji 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Microbacterium
species are bacterial endophytes that live inside plants. We report the complete genome sequence of
Microbacterium
sp. che218, an endophyte isolated from the shoot xylem of the wine grape
Vitis vinifera
cv. Chardonnay.
Genomic evidence of
Escherichia coli
gut population diversity translocation in leukemia patients
Authors: Marin Julie , Walewski Violaine , Braun Thorsten , Dziri Samira , Magnan Mélanie , Denamur Erick , Carbonnelle Etienne , Bridier-Nahmias Antoine 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli,
a commensal species of the human gut, is an opportunistic pathogen that can reach extra-intestinal compartments, including the bloodstream and the bladder, among others. In non-immunosuppressed patients, purifying or neutral evolution of
E. coli
populations has been reported in the gut. Conversely, it has been suggested that when migrating to extra-intestinal compartments,
E. coli
genomes undergo diversifying selection as supported by strong evidence for adaptation. The level of genomic polymorphism and the size of the populations translocating from gut to extra-intestinal compartments is largely unknown. To gain insights into the pathophysiology of these translocations, we investigated the level of polymorphism and the evolutionary forces acting on the genomes of 77
E. coli
isolated from various compartments in three immunosuppressed patients. Each patient had a unique strain, which was a mutator in one case. In all instances, we observed that translocation encompasses much of the genomic diversity present in the gut. The same signature of selection, whether purifying or diversifying, and as anticipated, neutral for mutator isolates, was observed in both the gut and bloodstream. Additionally, we found a limited number of non-specific mutations among compartments for non-mutator isolates. In all cases, urine isolates were dominated by neutral selection. These findings indicate that substantial proportions of populations are undergoing translocation and that they present a complex compartment-specific pattern of selection at the patient level.

IMPORTANCE

It has been suggested that intra and extra-intestinal compartments differentially constrain the evolution of
E. coli
strains. Whether host particular conditions, such as immunosuppression, could affect the strain evolutionary trajectories remains understudied. We found that, in immunosuppressed patients, large fractions of
E. coli
gut populations are translocating with variable modifications of the signature of selection for commensal and pathogenic isolates according to the compartment and/or the patient. Such multiple site sampling should be performed in large cohorts of patients to gain a better understanding of
E. coli
extra-intestinal diseases.
BvgR is important for virulence-related phenotypes in
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Authors: Gutierrez Maria de la Paz , Damron F. Heath , Sisti Federico , Fernández Julieta 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Bordetella bronchiseptica
is a pathogenic bacterium that causes respiratory infections in mammals. Adhesins, toxins, and secretion systems necessary for infection are regulated by the two-component system BvgAS. When the BvgAS system is inactive, there is no transcription of virulence-activated genes, and virulence-repressed genes (
vrg
) are expressed. The regulation of some
vrgs
in
B. bronchiseptica
is dependent upon the virulence-activated gene
bvgR
. Although having a regulatory role, no DNA-binding domain is described for BvgR. Instead, it contains an EAL domain, usually found in cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP)-specific phosphodiesterases. c-di-GMP is a bacterial second messenger that regulates multiple phenotypes in bacteria, including
B. bronchiseptica
. The current study aimed to deepen our knowledge about BvgR. We employed RNA-seq analysis to define the BvgR regulon, and then we investigated the phenotypes in which BvgR regulation might be involved such as biofilm formation, cytotoxicity, and virulence. Our result revealed that BvgR inhibits biofilm formation and flagellin expression in virulent phase. Although BvgR has long been considered a repressor protein, our results show that it also upregulates almost 100 genes. This regulation is likely indirect, as BvgR lacks a DNA-binding domain. Notably, among the upregulated genes, we identified 15 associated with the type three secretion system. Consistent with these findings, a
B. bronchiseptica
strain deficient in
bvgR
was less cytotoxic than the wild-type strain, elicited a milder immune response, and was less able to persist in the lower respiratory tract of mice.

IMPORTANCE

Bordetella bronchiseptica
is a harmful bacterium responsible for respiratory infections in mammals. Its ability to cause disease is tightly regulated by a system called BvgAS. In this study, we focused on understanding the role of a specific gene called
bvgR
in regulating
B. bronchiseptica
’s virulence factors. Our findings revealed that BvgR, previously thought to primarily repress gene expression, actually plays a complex role in both activating and inhibiting various genes involved in bacterial virulence. This newfound understanding sheds light on the intricate mechanisms underlying
B. bronchiseptica
’s ability to cause infections, providing valuable insights for developing strategies to combat these infections in humans and animals.