bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Back to the Future: Education, Education, and Education
Authors: Kaspersen Lars Bo , Gabriel Norman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we will explore an overlooked example of a successful university department in the past—the Department of Sociology at the University of Leicester—which seems to have been unusually dynamic and vital from the late 1950s to the early 1970s. Our argument is that the dialogue between Elias and Neustadt was a source of creative tension for a number of years which built the structure of a unique department that developed an innovative learning environment. We will focus on the contribution Norbert Elias made to this department which paved the way for the next generation of British sociologists, investigating the following three main areas: teaching, employing new staff, and research seminars.
Young People’s Use of School-Based Banter
Authors: Mierzwinski Mark , Velija Philippa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter draws upon several concepts derived from, or inspired by, Norbert Elias to critically examine the processes in which young people use ‘banter’ in a physical education school context. Ethnographic data is presented and analysed using Elias’s concepts of the individual civilizing process, habitus, ‘I-We-They’ identities and figuration, alongside Wouter’s notion of a third-nature psyche. We discuss banter as a behavioural norm and theorise the ways in which young males utilise, interpret and respond to banter with psycho-social emotional processes. We argue that young males’ use of banter is evidence of relatively high levels of shared understanding and mutual respect, both of which required heightened levels of emotional self-restraint and the need to exercise greater degrees of foresight. The use of banter demonstrates features of young people’s individual civilising process. In doing so, the chapter demonstrates how a figurational sociological approach can be applied to analysing young people’s relationships, behaviours and identities in an educational setting.
At the Crossroads of Temporariness and Mobility
Authors: Isaakyan Irina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn 1901, the great Enrico Caruso was visiting his native town of Naples in the South of Italy. Talking to his father’s old friend about his professional achievements, Caruso proudly noted that he had become an international star employed by the Metropolitan Opera, La Scala and Mariinsky Theater. To his greatest shock, the response he heard was, ‘All this is very well – but seriously speaking, what do you do for living?’
The Cosmic Iceberg of Integration
Authors: Isaakyan Irina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFor more than twenty years, the Russian opera diva Anna Netrebko was leading an iconic transnational life, working in most prestigious theaters all over the world and living between her three luxurious homes in St Petersburg, Vienna and New York. In all her social media, she was advertising this lifestyle as highly enjoyable and enriching. She was stressing how much at home she was feeling both in the West and in Russia, advocating a cultural mix of Russian and European dressing styles and life habits (Mattison, 2005; LIFE, 2022). She became an embodiment of the mass media fairytale about a transnationally (and even supra-nationally) integrated cosmopolitan with the Cinderella roots, who lives as if above the state while also in every state of her professional membership (Smirnova, 2022). And when the global world started to break apart in the milieu of the post-2022 geopolitics, Netrebko firmly declared that she would stay above the politics, still hoping to be integrated in every national culture as she always used to be (Netrebko, 2022). To her great surprise, this cosmopolitan membership was suddenly interrupted by the political loyalty requirement at both ends. And Netrebko found herself sidelined first in the global opera industry because of her political neutrality, and then in Russian culture because of her attempt to restore the disrupted European career (KP.RU, 2023). This example shows how easily super giant stars can be thrown down from the sky, and leads us to look into a rather tragic story of their integration. Netrebko’s de-idolization was perceived by my informants as ‘the end of something’—not exactly the end of their careers but the end of something that had been keeping their work and lives together: they were ‘perplexed and disoriented by the loss of something precious that was running away’ from them. They clearly saw their ‘own lives getting out of control’ until they started to see that this ‘pivotal something’ was actually their integration.
Bringing in Ethics: A Multi-stakeholder Approach to Manage the Transition to Low-Carbon Construction
Authors: Plaček Michal , Valentinov Vladislav , Fojtík Roman , Ochrana František , Peřinková Martina 
Published: September 2024

Policy HighlightsTo achieve the recommendation stated in the title, we propose the following:

Policymakers should organise fair and balanced stakeholder engagement processes to address the key ethical trade-offs of the transition to low-carbon construction.

The public sector should take a proactive role in leading the low-carbon transition and build strong cross-sectoral partnerships.

Public sector leadership demands transparency and accountability which are crucial for navigating ethical trade-offs with the various stakeholders in the construction sector.

Policymakers should build a culture of sustainability and cultivate a shared understanding of ethics and values among all stakeholders.

To find creative solutions to the complex challenges associated with the transitionto low-carbon construction, SSH and STEM collaboration should be supported.
Integrating Multispecies Justice Approach for Climate Risk Management in Forest Areas of Mediterranean Europe
Authors: Turhan Ethemcan , Aydın Cem İskender , Usta Baykal Nurbahar , Bekar İsmail 
Published: September 2024

Policy HighlightsTo achieve the recommendation stated in the title, we propose the following:

Euro-Mediterranean forests face specific climate risks topped with demographic, economic, and societal pressures which call for a different approach to climate risk management.

Interdisciplinary approaches in fire ecology, conservation biology, ecological economics, and political ecology unveil the emotional connection between humans and non-humans.

Instead of end-of-pipe fire suppression, policy attention should focus on fuel build-up in the landscape and centre on the “state of shared fragility” between humans and more-than-humans.

To prevent the firefighting trap, fire management and adaptation policies should be reviewed to incorporate scientific expertise, local ecological knowledge, and traditional practices of forest communities.

Locally grounded, value-based responses such as IPBES’s Nature’s Contribution to People (NCP) framework hold promising potential for multispecies justice in Euro-Mediterranean forests.
Fractional spins, unfolding, and holography. Part I. Parent field equations for dual higher-spin gravity reductions
Authors: Diaz Felipe , Iazeolla Carlo , Sundell Per 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this work and in the companion paper arXiv:2403.02301, we initiate an approach to holography based on the AKSZ formalism. As the first step, we refine Vasiliev’s holography proposal in arXiv:1203.5554 by obtaining 4D higher-spin gravity (HSG) and 3D coloured conformal higher-spin gravity (CCHSG) — i.e., coloured conformal matter fields coupled to conformal higher-spin gauge fields and colour gauge fields — as two distinct and classically consistent reductions of a single parent theory. The latter consists, on-shell, of a flat superconnection valued in a fractional-spin extension of Vasiliev’s higher-spin algebra. The HSG and CCHSG reductions are characterized by dual structure groups and two-form cohomology elements, and their embedding in a common parent model provides a rationale for deriving holographic relations from multi-dimensional AKSZ partition functions on cylinders with dual boundary conditions, to appear separately. In this work we i) construct the underlying non-commutative geometry as a metaplectic operator algebra represented in a Hermitian module of a pair of conformal particles; ii) identify a discrete modular group, arising from twisted boundary conditions of the first-quantized system, and connecting different boundary conditions of the second-quantized system; and iii) identify the holonomies, structure groups and two-form cohomology elements that characterize the HSG and CCHSG reductions, and equate the dual second Chern classes.
Multi-modality artificial intelligence-based transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy detection in patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Shiri Isaac , Balzer Sebastian , Baj Giovanni , Bernhard Benedikt , Hundertmark Moritz , Bakula Adam , Nakase Masaaki , Tomii Daijiro , Barbati Giulia , Dobner Stephan , Valenzuela Waldo , Rominger Axel , Caobelli Federico , Siontis George C. M. , Lanz Jonas , Pilgrim Thomas , Windecker Stephan , Stortecky Stefan , Gräni Christoph 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a frequent concomitant condition in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), yet it often remains undetected. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate artificial intelligence-based models developed based on preprocedural and routinely collected data to detect ATTR-CM in patients with severe AS planned for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods
In this prospective, single-center study, consecutive patients with AS were screened with [99mTc]-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid ([99mTc]-DPD) for the presence of ATTR-CM. Clinical, laboratory, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, invasive measurements, 4-dimensional cardiac CT (4D-CCT) strain data, and CT-radiomic features were used for machine learning modeling of ATTR-CM detection and for outcome prediction. Feature selection and classifier algorithms were applied in single- and multi-modality classification scenarios. We split the dataset into training (70%) and testing (30%) samples. Performance was assessed using various metrics across 100 random seeds.

Results
Out of 263 patients with severe AS (57% males, age 83 ± 4.6years) enrolled, ATTR-CM was confirmed in 27 (10.3%). The lowest performances for detection of concomitant ATTR-CM were observed in invasive measurements and ECG data with area under the curve (AUC) < 0.68. Individual clinical, laboratory, interventional imaging, and CT-radiomics-based features showed moderate performances (AUC 0.70–0.76, sensitivity 0.79–0.82, specificity 0.63–0.72), echocardiography demonstrated good performance (AUC 0.79, sensitivity 0.80, specificity 0.78), and 4D-CT-strain showed the highest performance (AUC 0.85, sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.74). The multi-modality model (AUC 0.84, sensitivity 0.87, specificity 0.76) did not outperform the model performance based on 4D-CT-strain only data (p-value > 0.05). The multi-modality model adequately discriminated low and high-risk individuals for all-cause mortality at a mean follow-up of 13 months.

Conclusion
Artificial intelligence-based models using collected pre-TAVI evaluation data can effectively detect ATTR-CM in patients with severe AS, offering an alternative diagnostic strategy to scintigraphy and myocardial biopsy.
Sport and sexual recovery after total hip arthroplasty in young adults: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Di Martino Alberto , Di Censo Chiara , Brunello Matteo , Rossomando Valentino , D’Agostino Claudio , Geraci Giuseppe , Traina Francesco , Faldini Cesare 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
: Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is the main treatment for end-stage degenerative hip arthrosis in the elderly, while became increasingly performed as treatment of secondary arthrosis in younger patients, a population at high functional requests in terms of resumption of physical activity and resumption of sexual activity. This study evaluates the physical, sports recovery and the sexual quality of life in young patients undergoing primary THA.

Materials and methods
Patients undergoing primary THA aged between 18 and 45, operated in a 10 year timeframe, were selected. Demographic, clinical, and radiological data were collected. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) was assessed before and after the surgery. The UCLA Activity Score was collected, sport participation in pre and post-operative period was acquired. The quality of sexual activity (SQoL) before and after surgery was analysed through a qualitative questionnaire. Collected data were also compared on the surgical approach, namely Direct Anterior (DAA), Postero-Lateral (PL) and Direct lateral (DL).

Results
The population consisted of 242 THA implanted in 232 patients, including 143 males and 89 females, with an average age of 37.4. The mean follow-up period was 51.0 months, with a minimum of 2.9 months and a maximum of 122.6 months. Postoperatively, the average HHS was 90.29 ± 0.9 points, compared to 62.43 ± 1.34 points preoperatively (p < 0.001). The UCLA Activity Score in the postoperative period was 7.17 ± 0.17 matching to intermediate impact sport activity. The 64% of patients reported an improvement in SQoL after-surgery, 73% of which being females that show a significant improvement in SQoL compared to males (p = 0.046). By surgical approach comparison, DAA patients demonstrated better UCLA Activity Score (p = 0.037) and Return to sport (p = 0.027) compared to PL and DL.

Conclusion
Primary THA surgery in young adults can improve the level of physical activity and promote the involvement of subjects in moderate impact sports. Patients showed a better quality of sexual life compared to the preoperative period, an effect more evident in female patients.
The Realities of Caring for a Person with a Mental Disorder in Rural and Remote Capricorn District of South Africa: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Nkomo Thembi , Kekana Mokoko Percy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn rural African communities, family caregivers shoulder the responsibility of caring for loved ones with mental disorders, often without professional support. This qualitative explorative study, conducted in Limpopo Province, South Africa, aimed to explore the realities of caring for a family member with a mental disorder in rural and remote Capricorn District, in order to uncover insights that can inform support systems, the academic community, interventions, and policies. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to ensure the reproducibility and validity of the results by focusing on participants who are actively involved in caregiving, living in the rural and remote of Capricorn District, in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of their experiences, and this resulted in 15 participants (13 females, 2 males). Data saturation determined the sample size, with data collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Tesch’s open-coding method. The findings revealed that cultural and spiritual beliefs strengthen caregivers, who exhibit resilience and resourcefulness, yet face financial strain, career setbacks, social isolation, and health declines. The study underscores the critical role of healthcare professionals in recognizing and addressing the challenges faced by family caregivers, while also advocating for the academic community to prioritize the development and dissemination of educational programs focused on safe and ethical coping strategies for caregivers and for policymakers to develop comprehensive mental health services that are accessible and culturally sensitive to rural and remote communities. This is essential because the well-being of caregivers directly influences the rehabilitation and community integration outcomes for individuals with mental disorders.
Integration and Characterization of Synthetic Biodegradable Polymer (PVA) with Graphite Oxide (GO) for Performance Assessment in Sustainable Electrochemical Devices
Authors: Asthana Nidhi , Khan Ubaid Ahmad , Srivastava Anshuman , Kumar Devesh , Mishra Ajay Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the demand for sustainable materials in electrochemical devices has driven the exploration of innovative composites. This study focuses on the integration and characterization of synthetic biodegradable polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with graphite oxide (GO) to evaluate their performance in sustainable electrochemical applications. PVA, known for its biodegradability and biocompatibility, was combined with GO to leverage its excellent electrical conductivity and large surface area. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a promising electrochemical biosynthesis technology that harnesses the enzymatic activities using microbes to produce energy from organic substrates. This renewable energy approach relies on the synergistic interaction between electrochemically active bacteria and electrode materials to facilitate electron transfer and power generation. Applications of MFCs range from wastewater treatment to sustainable power generation in remote or resource-limited settings. This study explores recent advances in MFC technology, challenges in scaling up for practical applications, and prospects for integrating MFCs into renewable energy strategies. The nano composite membrane was evaluated for structural, morphological, crystalline, and thermal properties by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and UV- visible spectroscopy. Additionally, the biodegradability of the composite was assessed, confirming that it maintains its environmental benefits while offering improved performance for potential applications in sustainable energy storage and conversion devices. This work provides a promising avenue for the development of eco-friendly electrochemical devices with optimized performance characteristics.
What an Instrumentalist Perspective Adds to Cultural-Modernization Theory: Support for Democracy and Gender Equality in the Middle East
Authors: Spierings Niels 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe comparative MENA literature on democratic support and the role of gender equality attitudes show mixed results despite the dominant cultural-modernization perspective predicting a positive interrelationship. Building on recent work, this paper derives and formulates the instrumentalist approach to democratic support as a supplement to the culturalist-modernization approach. It argues that people’s policy preferences and expectations of democracy are crucial to understand how democratic support is gendered, and part of these expectations are shaped by the political-institutional variations across the MENA region. Empirically, survey data from 47 AB and WVS surveys covering 13 MENA countries (2001–2014), are analysed. These data include information on support for gender equality, democracy, and the degree to which respondents link women’s rights to democracy. They are complemented with institutional information on the extent to which elections can form a threat to gender equality through empowering conservative Islamic forces via these elections. The multilevel regression models show initial support for cultural-modernization theory as the support for democracy and for gender equality correlate positively. This relationship is conditional to the risk elections pose to women’s position and whether people think democracy will bring gender equality thus illustrating the importance of adding an instrumentalist perspective. The support for democracy not only depends on the how much MENA citizens value democracy as a good in itself, it also depends on whether they expect democracy to be an instrument that helps further their other policy goals.
Measuring the Realisation of Well-Being Needs of Adolescents: Validation of the Social Production Function Instrument for the Level of Well-Being–Short (SPF-ILs)
Authors: Nieboer Anna P. , Luijten Chantie C. , Cramm Jane M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdolescent well-being is increasingly scrutinized due to its decline. This study was conducted to validate a theory-driven instrument for the measurement of well-being needs with a sample of Dutch adolescents. The short (15-item) Social Production Function Instrument for the Level of well-being (SPF-ILs) measures whether a person’s needs for stimulation, comfort, behavioural confirmation, affection and status are met. In this study, its psychometric properties for adolescents were examined. Data collected in spring 2018 (T1) and spring 2019 (T2) from 1,304 Dutch adolescents (53.0% girls) aged 11–17 (mean, 13.7 ± 1.1) years were used. The instrument’s factor structure, internal consistency, construct validity, and gender and age factorial invariance were evaluated. The results showed that the SPF-ILs is valid and reliable for the assessment of adolescents’ well-being needs realisation. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the five-factor (stimulation, comfort, behavioural confirmation, affection and status) model, showing good internal consistency (α = 0.86 at T1, 0.88 at T2), convergent/divergent validity, as well as gender and age factorial invariance. Comparison across groups revealed the expected differences in the realisation of physical (comfort and stimulation) and social (behavioural confirmation, status and affection) well-being needs between girls and boys and over time. SPF-ILs use increases our understanding of how adolescents achieve well-being via the fulfilment of well-being needs. The maintenance of adolescents’ well-being is a global challenge, and this study revealed clear differences in adolescents’ realisation of well-being needs, increasing our understanding of what interventions are needed to support such realisation.
Distributed Nonconvex Optimization for Control of Water Networks with Time-coupling Constraints
Authors: Jenks Bradley , Ulusoy Aly-Joy , Pecci Filippo , Stoianov Ivan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present a new control model for optimizing pressure and water quality operations in water distribution networks. Our formulation imposes a set of time-coupling constraints to manage temporal pressure variations, which are exacerbated by the transition between pressure and water quality controls. The resulting optimization problem is a nonconvex, nonlinear program with nonseparable structure across time steps. This problem proves challenging for state-of-the-art nonlinear solvers, often precluding their direct use for near real-time control in large-scale networks. To overcome this computational burden, we investigate a distributed optimization approach based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). In particular, we implement and evaluate two algorithms: a standard ADMM scheme and a two-level variant that provides theoretical convergence guarantees for our nonconvex problem. We use a benchmarking water network and a large-scale operational network in the UK for our numerical experiments. The results demonstrate good convergence behavior across all problem instances for the two-level algorithm, whereas the standard ADMM approach struggles to converge in some instances. With an appropriately tuned penalty parameter, however, both distributed algorithms yield good quality solutions and computational times compatible with near real-time (e.g. hourly) control requirements for large-scale water networks.