bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIALETTICA E ORTHOEPEIA IN PROTAGORA
Authors: BRANCACCI ALDO 
Published: April 2016

The article aims to reconstruct (on the basis of some rarely studied passages of the Protagoras and Theaetetus, as well as some doxographical evidence) the theory of the Protagorean dialeghesthai, and shows its connections with other areas (linguistic, theory of law and hermeneutics) of Protagoras’ thought. This theory is related to the distinction between the competitive and the dialectical use of the discourse. The latter is constructive and involves an application of the principles of the orthoepeia to dialectical argumentation, in order to strengthen its logical and linguistic rigor, and elaborate exemplary speeches on topics of law, politics, ethics.
Divenuto partecipe di una sorte divina, l’uomo, a causa della sua parentela con la divinità, fu, in primo luogo, il solo tra gli esseri viventi a credere negli dèi, e a imprendere a elevare altari e statue delle divinità; in seguito, egli articolò ben presto la voce e le parole per mezzo dell’arte, inventò abitazioni, vesti, calzature, coperte e gli alimenti che provengono dalla terra.
The Great Basin Derecho of 31 May 1994
Authors: Corfidi Stephen F. , Johns Robert H. , Darrow Mark A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA significant, convectively induced windstorm known as a derecho occurred over parts of Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, and Colorado on 31 May 1994. The event was unusual in that it occurred not only in an environment of relatively limited moisture, but also one with a thermodynamic profile favorable for dry microbursts in the presence of moderate midtropospheric flow. The development and evolution of the severe wind-producing convective system is described, with emphasis on the synoptic and mesoscale features that may have contributed to its strength and maintenance. A very similar derecho that affected much the same region on 1 June 2002 is more briefly introduced. Questions are raised regarding the unique nature of these events and their potential utility in achieving an increased understanding of the mechanics of derecho-producing convective systems in more moisture-rich environments.
Implementing Recommendations From Web Accessibility Guidelines
Authors: Schmutz Sven , Sonderegger Andreas , Sauer Juergen 
Published: April 2016

Objective: We examined the consequences of implementing Web accessibility guidelines for nondisabled users. Background: Although there are Web accessibility guidelines for people with disabilities available, they are rarely used in practice, partly due to the fact that practitioners believe that such guidelines provide no benefits, or even have negative consequences, for nondisabled people, who represent the main user group of Web sites. Despite these concerns, there is a lack of empirical research on the effects of current Web accessibility guidelines on nondisabled users. Method: Sixty-one nondisabled participants used one of three Web sites differing in levels of accessibility (high, low, and very low). Accessibility levels were determined by following established Web accessibility guidelines (WCAG 2.0). A broad methodological approach was used, including performance measures (e.g., task completion time) and user ratings (e.g., perceived usability). Results: A high level of Web accessibility led to better performance (i.e., task completion time and task completion rate) than low or very low accessibility. Likewise, high Web accessibility improved user ratings (i.e., perceived usability, aesthetics, workload, and trustworthiness) compared to low or very low Web accessibility. There was no difference between the very low and low Web accessibility conditions for any of the outcome measures. Conclusion: Contrary to some concerns in the literature and among practitioners, high conformance with Web accessibility guidelines may provide benefits to users without disabilities. Application: The findings may encourage more practitioners to implement WCAG 2.0 for the benefit of users with disabilities and nondisabled users.
Surgical Trends in the Treatment of Meniscal Tears
Authors: Parker Benjamin R. , Hurwitz Shepard , Spang Jeffrey , Creighton Robert , Kamath Ganesh 
Published: April 2016

Background: The indications and criteria for meniscal repair are expanding in parallel with new understanding in biomechanics, joint pathophysiology, and increased physician education. Purpose: To describe the practice patterns of arthroscopic meniscal treatment in recent years, compare the trends of arthroscopic meniscal repair versus arthroscopic meniscectomy, and compare sports fellowship–trained versus non–sports fellowship–trained surgeons in terms of arthroscopic meniscal treatment techniques among American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) candidates from 2004 to 2012. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The ABOS database was used to identify cases of meniscal repair, partial meniscectomy, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction from 2004 to 2012. The number of surgeons contributing cases for each calendar year was also recorded, along with the number who had sports fellowship training. Rates were calculated as the number of procedures per surgeon per year. Trends were analyzed using Poisson regression analysis to model the rate of each procedure over time. Results: The rate of all meniscal procedures per surgeon decreased 12% from 18.4 cases per surgeon in 2004 to 16.2 cases per surgeon in 2012. There was a smaller decrease for sports fellowship–trained surgeons (7%) than for non–sports fellowship–trained surgeons (32%). The rate of meniscal repair cases per surgeon increased 37% from 1.6 to 2.2 cases per surgeon. The rate of meniscectomy cases decreased 17% from 16.8 to 14.0 cases per surgeon. When comparing fellowship-trained surgeons to non–fellowship-trained surgeons, there was no significant difference in meniscal repair rates over time. There was a decrease of 35% in rates of meniscectomy among non–fellowship-trained surgeons compared with 11% among fellowship-trained surgeons. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the current practice trends of recent orthopaedic training graduates in the treatment of meniscal tears. The results suggest that reported meniscal procedures have decreased overall among ABOS candidates but that meniscal repair cases have increased. The findings support the recent shift toward evidence-based medicine, with changing practice patterns that may reflect the dissemination of recent findings from large, high-quality research studies in this field.
Pain Threshold Tests in Patients With Heel Pain Syndrome
Authors: Saban Bernice , Masharawi Youssef 
Published: April 2016

Background: Pressure pain threshold (PPT) is a useful tool for evaluating mechanical sensitivity in patients suffering from various musculoskeletal disorders. However, no previous study has investigated PPT in the heel of patients experiencing plantar heel pain syndrome (PHPS). The aim of this study was to compare PPT levels and topographic presentation of sensitivity in the heel of patients with PHPS and in healthy controls. Methods: The reliability of PPT testing in patients with PHPS was assessed for intra- and interrater recordings. The PPT levels of 40 feet in each group were then assessed on 5 predetermined sites in the heel using a standardized measurement protocol. Patient functional status (FS) as measured by the Foot & Ankle Computerized Adaptive Test was employed as an external reference. Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed no group differences for PPTs at all sites ( P = .406). Age ( P = .099) or BMI ( P = .510) did not affect PPT values, although there was an effect on gender ( P = .006). The analysis revealed significant differences between sites ( P < .001) demonstrating a diverse topographic distribution. In the PHPS group, PPT levels at the anterior/medial, posterior/medial and central sites were significantly lower than at the posterior/lateral and anterior/lateral sites ( P < .05). For the control group, PPT levels at the anterior/medial site were significantly lower than all other sites ( P < .001). Conclusion: No significant differences were found between PPT of the PHPS patients and controls, therefore, PPT cannot be recommended as an assessment tool for these patients. The topographic distribution indicated low PPT levels at the anterior/medial area of the heel in patients with PHPS and controls. Level of Evidence: Level II, comparative study.
Clinical and Operative Factors Related to Successful Revision Arthrodesis in the Foot and Ankle
Authors: O’Connor Kathryn M. , Johnson Jeffrey E. , McCormick Jeremy James , Klein Sandra E. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Arthrodesis is a common operative procedure used to manage arthritis and deformity in the foot and ankle. Nonunion is a possible and undesirable outcome in any arthrodesis surgery. Rates of nonunion in the foot and ankle literature range from 0% to 47% depending on the patient population and joint involved. Multiple factors can contribute to developing a nonunion including location, fixation method, tobacco use, diabetes, infection, and others. Methods: The case logs of 3 foot and ankle surgeons were reviewed from January 2007 to September 2014 to identify nonunion arthrodesis revision cases. The patient factors reviewed included diabetes, inflammatory arthropathy, tobacco use, history of infection, nonunion elsewhere, neuropathy, Charcot arthropathy, posttraumatic arthritis, and prior attempt at revision arthrodesis at the same site. Operative records were reviewed to identify location of the nonunion, instrumention, use of allograft or autograft bone, use of iliac crest bone marrow aspirate (ICBMA) and use of orthobiologics such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) during the revision arthrodesis. Successful revision was defined as radiographic union on the final radiograph during follow-up. Eighty-two cases of revision arthrodesis were identified with an average follow-up of 16 months. Results: The overall nonunion rate was 23%. Neuropathy and prior attempts at revision were identified as significant risks ( P <.05) for persistent nonunion. Odds ratio calculated based on previous attempts at revision arthrodesis found a 2.8-fold increase in the risk of failure for each attempt at revision. Conclusion: Revision arthrodesis for nonunion in the foot and ankle was successful (77%) under a variety of patient and operative conditions. Neuropathy was a significant patient risk factor for persistent nonunions, and we believe it is important to identify even in the nondiabetic patient. As the number of attempts at revisions increases, there is a subsequent 3-fold increase in the risk of persistent nonunion. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Identifying Potential Ventilator Auto-Triggering Among Organ Procurement Organization Referrals
Authors: Henry Nicholas R. , Russian Christopher J. , Nespral Joseph 
Published: April 2016

Context: Ventilator auto-trigger is the delivery of an assisted mechanical ventilated breath over the set ventilator frequency in the absence of a spontaneous inspiratory effort and can be caused by inappropriate ventilator trigger sensitivity. Ventilator auto-trigger can be misinterpreted as a spontaneous breath and has the potential to delay or prevent brain death testing and confuse health-care professionals and/or patient families. Objective: To determine the frequency of organ donor referrals from 1 Organ Procurement Organization (OPO) that could benefit from an algorithm designed to assist organ recovery coordinators to identify and correct ventilator auto-triggering. Design: This retrospective analysis evaluated documentation of organ donor referrals from 1 OPO in central Texas during the 2013 calendar year that resulted in the withdrawal of care by the patient’s family and the recovery of organs. Main Outcome Measures: The frequency of referrals that presented with absent brain stem reflexes except for additional respirations over the set ventilator rate was determined to assess for the need of the proposed algorithm. Results: Documentation of 672 organ procurement organization referrals was evaluated. Documentation from 42 referrals that resulted in the withdrawal of care and 21 referrals that resulted in the recovery of organs were identified with absent brain stem reflexes except for spontaneous respirations on the mechanical ventilator. As a result, an algorithm designed to identify and correct ventilator auto-trigger could have been used 63 times during the 2013 calendar year.
Childhood Abuse Is Associated With Worse Survival Following Lung Transplantation
Authors: Kennedy Cassie C. , Zubair Adeel , Clark Matthew M. , Jowsey-Gregoire Sheila 
Published: April 2016

Context: Psychosocial factors can impact lung transplant outcomes. However, it is currently unknown whether abuse survivorship influences lung transplant survival. Objective: To characterize the abuse history of adult lung transplant patients and determine whether such history is associated with mortality. Patients and Other Participants: Adult lung transplant recipients evaluated from 2000 to 2004. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome was post-lung transplantation survival. The secondary outcomes included demographic, transplantation, or psychological assessment differences between those with a history of abuse survivorship and those without. Results: Thirty-three lung transplant recipients (35.5% male, median age: 55 years) were included. A history of abuse survivorship was common (24.2%) and was associated with decreased survival following lung transplantation ( P = .003). There was no difference in sex, marital status, or smoking history between abuse survivors and those who denied being the victim of abuse. Abuse survivors had a higher Personality Assessment Screener total score, a measure of maladaptive personality traits ( P = .02). Conclusion: Abuse survivorship is common in lung transplant patients and associated with increased posttransplant mortality and increased maladaptive personality traits. This preliminary evidence suggests that lung transplant patients should be screened for abuse history and provided with appropriate treatment of survivorship issues to potentially improve their health outcomes from transplantation.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Walz Courtney P. , Barry Arden R. , Koshman Sheri L. 
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have purported protective cardiovascular (CV) effects. We sought to assess the evidence available for the use of omega-3 PUFAs for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1999 to 2015. Placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that enrolled over 1000 patients with follow-up greater than 1 year and meta-analyses of RCTs were included. Results: Eight RCTs and 2 meta-analyses were included. In patients with preexisting CVD, only 1 of 5 included RCTs demonstrated a reduction in CV events with omega-3 PUFAs; however, the effect size was minimal, and the study was limited by an open-label design and lack of placebo control. Two meta-analyses concluded omega-3 PUFAs do not reduce CV events in addition to standard, evidence-based therapy in patients after myocardial infarction. Of the 3 predominantly primary prevention RCTs, only 1 demonstrated a minor reduction in major coronary events; however, it was also an open-label study. Furthermore, the safety of omega-3 PUFAs should be considered. While data from RCTs have not demonstrated serious safety concerns, omega-3 PUFAs can increase the risk of bleeding and may interact with other medications that affect hemostasis, such as antiplatelet agents and warfarin. Discussion and Conclusion: There is currently a lack of evidence to support the routine use of omega-3 PUFAs in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD. Pharmacists are ideally situated to engage patients in the discussion of the lack of benefit and possible risk of omega-3 PUFA supplements.
Effects of an icon-based menu labelling initiative on consumer food choice
Authors: Kerins Claire , Cunningham Katie , Finucane Francis M , Gibson Irene , Jones Jenni , Kelly Colette 
Published: April 2016

Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of an icon-based menu labelling initiative on consumer buying behaviour. Methods: This quasi-experimental study recruited a convenience sample of eight food service establishments, all with at least one menu item meeting the heart healthy criteria. Data from sales of all menu items sold over an 8-week period were collated 4 weeks prior to and 4 weeks during the display of information icons related to healthy food choices on menus. Results: The absolute change in menu item sales showed a non-significant trend towards an increase in healthier menu item selections. Furthermore, there was no association between the type of food service establishment and the percentage change in labelled menu item sales. Conclusion: The study did not find a statistically significant influence of the icon-based menu labels on consumer food choice. Given the limited amount of research that examines alternative menu labelling formats in real-world settings, more studies are necessary to confirm these results. Further research is needed to identify the optimal format, content and impact of menu labels on consumer behaviour.
Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Talus in Skeletally Immature Population
Authors: Buda Roberto , Pagliazzi Gherardo , Castagnini Francesco , Cavallo Marco , Giannini Sandro 
Published: April 2016

Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the talus (JOCDT) is a subchondral bone alteration and a partially or completely detached osteochondral fragment, affecting skeletally immature patients. A review of the English literature on PubMed was conducted. Conservative treatment was applied in patients up to Berndt-Harty stage III. Surgical indications were conservative management failure and loose bodies. The most performed procedures were drilling, subchondral bone grafting, fragment fixation, or excision. High rate of clinical success were achieved, whereas radiographic results were much lower. None of the surgical options demonstrated to be superior. Future long-term qualitative studies focusing on chondral tissue restoration are needed. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
Total Ankle Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Symptomatic Nonunion Following Tibiotalar Fusion
Authors: Huntington William P. , Davis W. Hodges , Anderson Robert 
Published: April 2016

Background. Nonunion of an ankle arthrodesis is associated with significant pain and morbidity. Revision arthrodesis presents greater short-term morbidity and long-term sequelae. 1-6 Recent reports have demonstrated the feasibility of converting a symptomatic nonunion of an ankle arthrodesis to a total ankle arthroplasty.7-9 The objective of the present study was to evaluate the short-term outcome associated with take down of symptomatic nonunions of ankle arthrodeses and conversion to a fixed bearing, intramedullary total ankle arthroplasty. Methods. Five patients with symptomatic, aseptic tibiotalar arthrodesis nonunions (average age, 62.2 years), who underwent conversion to a total ankle arthroplasty were retrospectively identified and assessed at a prospective office visit. Minimum follow-up was 12 months (average, 21.3 months). Clinical outcomes were assessed on the basis of the American Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score10 and the Foot Function Index.11,12 Radiographic analysis, patient satisfaction and pain levels were also evaluated. Results. The average post-operative AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 82.6, while the FFI was 28.2%. The average clinical range of motion was 35 degrees. Visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores averaged 31.1 out of 100. Four out of the five patients were very satisfied or satisfied. Radiographically, the tibial and talar components were stable in all patients without evidence of loosening, migration, or subsidence. There were no complications requiring additional procedures. Conclusions. Patients undergoing ankle arthrodesis that is complicated by an aseptic nonunion pose a difficult clinical problem. Conversion to a total ankle arthroplasty with a fixed bearing, intramedullary implant is a viable treatment option with reliable short-term results. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
Thromboprophylaxis in Ambulatory Trauma Patients With Foot and Ankle Fractures
Authors: Haque Syed , Bishnoi Amit , Khairandish Hamidreza , Menon Dipen 
Published: April 2016

Lower-limb immobilization has been implicated as an etiological factor for venous thromboembolic events (VTEs). However, there is no patient-centered scoring system available for risk assessment in ambulatory trauma patients with temporary lower-limb immobilization. A patient questionnaire scoring system has been developed for ambulatory patients with foot and ankle fracture being managed nonoperatively as outpatients by temporary lower-limb immobilization. Patients are classed as either high or low risk for developing a VTE and offered low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) accordingly. This is a prospective study of 150 patients with a follow-up of 6 months. Only 3 patients developed VTEs: one was noncompliant with medicine, one was started on LMWH 2 days after getting a plaster cast, and the third was not started on LMWH in spite of family history of VTEs. This study showed that using this scoring system, LMWH can be used safely and effectively as a thromboprophylactic agent for ambulatory trauma patients requiring temporary lower-limb immobilization to manage foot and ankle fractures. It is a step toward developing a validated clinical prediction score to enable risk assessment in ambulatory trauma patients who are managed non-operatively with temporary lower limb immobilization. Levels of Evidence: Prognostic, Level IV: Case series
The systems biology format converter
Authors: Rodriguez Nicolas , Pettit Jean-Baptiste , Dalle Pezze Piero , Li Lu , Henry Arnaud , van Iersel Martijn P. , Jalowicki Gael , Kutmon Martina , Natarajan Kedar N. , Tolnay David , Stefan Melanie I. , Evelo Chris T. , Le Novère Nicolas 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
Interoperability between formats is a recurring problem in systems biology research. Many tools have been developed to convert computational models from one format to another. However, they have been developed independently, resulting in redundancy of efforts and lack of synergy.

Results
Here we present the System Biology Format Converter (SBFC), which provide a generic framework to potentially convert any format into another. The framework currently includes several converters translating between the following formats: SBML, BioPAX, SBGN-ML, Matlab, Octave, XPP, GPML, Dot, MDL and APM. This software is written in Java and can be used as a standalone executable or web service.

Conclusions
The SBFC framework is an evolving software project. Existing converters can be used and improved, and new converters can be easily added, making SBFC useful to both modellers and developers. The source code and documentation of the framework are freely available from the project web site.