bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Dimensional Accuracies Using Two Elastomeric Impression Materials in Casting Three‐dimensional Tool Marks
Authors: Wang Zhen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate two types of impression materials which were frequently used for casting three‐dimensional tool marks in China, namely (i) dental impression material and (ii) special elastomeric impression material for tool mark casting. The two different elastomeric impression materials were compared under equal conditions. The parameters measured were dimensional accuracies, the number of air bubbles, the ease of use, and the sharpness and quality of the individual characteristics present on casts. The results showed that dental impression material had the advantage of special elastomeric impression material in casting tool marks in crime scenes; hence, it combined ease of use, dimensional accuracy, sharpness and high quality.
Somnophilia and Sexual Abuse Using Vaginal Administration of Triazolam
Authors: Lauerma Hannu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSomnophilia is a rare paraphilia, a form of sexual fetishism which is characterized by the desire to have sex with an unconscious human object who is unable to respond. To the author's knowledge, this is the first case study concerning somnophilic sexual abuse associated with vaginal administration of triazolam. The perpetrator video‐recorded his sexual acts with two unconscious female victims with whom he also had normal sexual intercourse and who were unaware of his paraphilic activities. His Internet conversations with other persons whom he thought to be interested in somnophilic sex and his plans to kidnap a child were recorded by the police. It was evident that sex with an unconscious object played a specific fetishistic role for this man. He obviously used a combination of drugs mixed with alcoholic drinks to make his victims fall sleep and videotaped vaginal administration of triazolam used to deepen the victim's unconscious state.
Clinical utility of multi‐detector cardiac computed tomography in structural heart interventions
Authors: Xu Bo , Gooley Robert , Seneviratne Sujith K , Nasis Arthur 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn recent years, there have been major advances in structural interventional cardiology, which have revolutionized the practice of cardiology. Appropriate selection and follow‐up of patients undergoing these structural heart interventions is vital. Multi‐detector computed tomography (MDCT) has emerged as a key imaging modality in the peri‐procedural assessment of patients undergoing multiple structural cardiac interventions. The purpose of this review is to provide an evidence‐based clinical update on the roles of MDCT in both established and evolving structural heart interventions, including transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI). The utility of MDCT in the peri‐procedural assessment of patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and left atrial appendage (LAA) closure will also be reviewed.
Megavoltage conebeam CT cine as final verification of treatment plan in lung stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Kudithipudi Vijay , Gayou Olivier , Colonias Athanasios 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionTo analyse the clinical impact of megavoltage conebeam computed tomography (MV‐CBCT) cine on internal target volume (ITV) coverage in lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).MethodsOne hundred and six patients received lung SBRT. All underwent 4D computed tomography simulation followed by treatment via image guided 3D conformal or intensity modulated radiation. Prior to SBRT, all patients underwent MV‐CBCT cine, in which raw projections are displayed as beam's‐eye‐view fluoroscopic series with the planning target volume (PTV) projected onto each image, enabling verification of tumour motion relative to the PTV and assessment of adequacy of treatment margin.ResultsMegavoltage conebeam computed tomography cine was completed 1–2 days prior to SBRT. Four patients (3.8%) had insufficient ITV coverage inferiorly at cine review. All four plans were changed by adding 5 mm on the PTV margin inferiorly. The mean change in PTV volumes was 3.9 cubic centimetres (cc) (range 1.85–6.32 cc). Repeat cine was performed after plan modification to ensure adequate PTV coverage in the modified plans.ConclusionsPTV margin was adequate in the majority of patients with this technique. MV‐CBCT cine did show insufficient coverage in a small subset of patients. Insufficient PTV margins may be a function of 4D CT simulation inadequacies or deficiencies in visualizing the ITV inferior border in the full‐inhale phase. MV‐CBCT cine is a valuable tool for final verification of PTV margins.
Effects of Ureaplasma urealyticum Infection on Sperm Quality and Concentrations of Nitric Oxide and Cytokine in the Semen of Infertile Males
Authors: Qian Li , Bian Guang‐Rong , Li Hai‐Bo , Zhou Yan , Dong Shu‐De , Wang Wen‐Jun , Song Jie 
Published: February 2016

ProblemThe relationship between genital infection and two sperm parameters, namely, concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines [e.g., interleukin (IL)‐17 and IL‐18], in the semen of infertile males remains undetermined.Method of studySemen samples from 81 infertile (with or without Ureaplasma urealyticum infection) and normal males were subjected to semen analysis.ResultsNitric oxide concentration in the semen of infertile males with genital infection was higher than those of infertile males without genital infection and of normal males (P < 0.05). Sperm density, pH, percentage of forward, movement of sperm, sperm activation rate, sperm survival rate, and normal rate of the sperm morphology of infertile males with U. urealyticum infection were significantly lower than those of infertile males without genital infection and of normal males (P < 0.05). NO concentrations were also positively correlated with IL‐17 and IL‐18 concentrations in the semen of infertile males.ConclusionIncreased NO concentration and abnormal IL‐17 and IL‐18 expression were induced by genital infection and induced damage to male reproductive capacity, thereby causing male infertility.
Cortical thickness in bipolar disorder: a systematic review
Authors: Hanford Lindsay C , Nazarov Anthony , Hall Geoffrey B , Sassi Roberto B 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesBipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating illness, the psychopathology of which is associated with aberrant structural and functional differences in the brain. Despite the many advances in psychiatric research, our understanding of the complex neurobiological underpinnings of BD remains incomplete. The aim of this review was to critically examine all available published magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research reporting cortical thickness in BD with respect to a healthy population and/or other psychiatric samples.MethodsThe systematic search encompassed all relevant studies published until November 2014. Relevant papers were identified through an online search of select databases (MEDLINE and EMBASE) using key terms bipolar disorder or mania, and cortical thickness. Two independent raters determined the eligibility of papers and performed separate data extraction to ensure quality and accuracy of reporting.ResultsA total of 17 papers met the criteria and were included in this review. Compared to a healthy population, the majority of studies reported decreased cortical thickness in the left anterior cingulate/paracingulate and the left superior temporal gyrus, as well as several prefrontal regions bilaterally in patients with BD. Studies also show consistency of cortical thinning in individuals with BD and schizophrenia in frontal and temporal regions, suggesting some common neuropathology.ConclusionsThis systematic review further supports a link between specific structural brain abnormalities and BD. Future studies should investigate cortical thickness with respect to at‐risk populations to determine whether these neuropathologies develop before or after the onset of BD.
Admissions to hospital due to fracture in England in patients with prostate cancer treated with androgen‐deprivation therapy – do we have to worry about the hormones?
Authors: Jefferies Edward R. , Bahl Amit , Hounsome Luke , Eylert Maike F. , Verne Julia , Persad Raj A. ,   the PHONIC collaborative
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) and fracture risk in men with prostate cancer in England.Patients and MethodsUsing the Hospital Episodes Statistics database, which contains all the information about National Health Service (NHS) and NHS‐funded hospital admissions in England, for the years 2004–2008, 8 902 patients were found to have had prostate cancer and an admission to hospital with a fracture. Of these patients, 3 372 (37.8%) were identified as being treated with ADT, whilst 5 530 (62.2%) were not. There was a total of 228 852 admissions in the background population.ResultsThe risk of a fracture requiring hospitalisation increased from 1.12 to 1.41 per 100 person‐years in a man with prostate cancer treated with ADT compared with those without ADT, an absolute increase of only 0.29 per 100 person‐years. When compared with the background population, there was an increase from 0.58 to 1.41 per 100 person‐years, a relative rate ratio increase of 2.4 (P < 0.01) with an absolute increase of 0.83 per 100 person‐years.ConclusionIn England there was a small but statistically significant increased risk of fracture in men who had been treated with ADT. Men with prostate cancer, with or without ADT, were at an increased risk of fracture compared with the background population. We therefore suggest that if bone health is to be taken seriously in men with prostate cancer that all these men should be risk assessed (FRAX® or Qfracture® tools, as National Institute for Health and Care Excellence advised), as all men with prostate cancer have an increased risk of fracture, with those on ADT having slightly higher risk.
Spontaneous and natural cytotoxicity receptor-mediated cytotoxicity are effector functions of distinct natural killer subsets in hepatitis C virus-infected chimpanzees
Authors: Verstrepen B E , Nieuwenhuis I G , Mooij P , Bogers W M , Boonstra A , Koopman G 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn humans, CD16 and CD56 are used to identify functionally distinct natural killer (NK) subsets. Due to ubiquitous CD56 expression, this marker cannot be used to distinguish between NK cell subsets in chimpanzees. Therefore, functional analysis of distinct NK subsets during hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has never been performed in these animals. In the present study an alternative strategy was used to identify four distinct NK subsets on the basis of the expression of CD16 and CD94. The expression of activating and inhibiting surface receptors showed that these subsets resemble human NK subsets. CD107 expression was used to determine degranulation of the different subsets in naive and HCV-infected chimpanzees. In HCV-infected chimpanzees increased spontaneous cytotoxicity was observed in CD94high/dimCD16pos and CD94lowCD16pos subsets. By contrast, increased natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR)- mediated degranulation after NKp30 and NKp44 triggering was demonstrated in the CD94dimCD16neg subset. Our findings suggest that spontaneous and NCR-mediated cytotoxicity are effector functions of distinct NK subsets in HCV-infected chimpanzees.
A Systematic Review of Outcomes Following Immediate Molar Implant Placement Based on Recently Published Studies
Authors: Ketabi Mohammad , Deporter Douglas , Atenafu Eshetu G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundImmediate implant placement in molar extraction sites has become a treatment option for experienced clinicians.PurposeThe aim of this study was to provide a systematic review and meta‐analysis of outcomes from recent clinical studies with immediate molar implants.Materials and MethodsA systematic review was undertaken of relevant literature published from November 2008 to May 2015. Data collected included implant survival rates after at least 1 year in function, cumulative crestal bone loss, and implant location (maxilla vs mandible) and diameter. Implant diameters were grouped as “wide” (4–6 mm) or “ultra‐wide” (>6–9 mm). Survival and bone loss with 95% CIs were calculated using a random effects model. Meta‐analysis techniques were used to compare survival rates and cumulative mean bone loss between immediate and delayed placement implants. Survival rates also were computed and compared between wide and ultra‐wide implants using chi‐square testing. The quality of each study was assessed using established criteria.ResultsThe literature search provided 15 papers published between November 2008 and May 2015 that satisfied the inclusion criteria. Data on survival were found for a total of 768 immediate molar implants inserted in 757 patients. Meta‐analysis of these data showed an implant survival rate of 98% with no difference between maxilla and mandible. Five studies included delayed molar implants as controls, and no significant differences were detected. A significant difference (p = .048) was found in relation to implant diameter with implant failures being higher (3.67 vs 1.45%) for ultra‐wide (>6–9 mm) versus wide (4–6 mm) implants. The majority of the 15 studies were determined to be either “average” (prospective case series) or “fair” (retrospective) in quality.ConclusionWhile there are still no published reports from double‐blind, randomized, controlled (best quality) clinical trials of immediate molar implant placement, high survival rates have been reported. The present data, however, suggests that there may be an optimal diameter for this implant application. Meta‐analysis of the limited bone loss data reported estimated the overall mean cumulative bone loss after at least 1 year to be 0.57 mm.
Differences in routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy between Japanese and international facilities: A questionnaire survey
Authors: Uedo Noriya , Gotoda Takuji , Yoshinaga Shigetaka , Tanuma Tokuma , Morita Yoshinori , Doyama Hisashi , Aso Akira , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Yano Tomonori , Uchita Norihisa , Ho Shiaw‐Hooi , Hsieh Ping‐Hsin 
Published: February 2016

Background and AimThe mortality rate of gastric cancer (GC) is close to the incidence rate worldwide. However, in Korea and Japan, the mortality rate of GC is less than half of the incidence rate. We hypothesized that good‐quality routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) contributes to a high detection rate for early GC (EGC) and improves mortality in these countries.MethodsTo clarify the differences in routine EGD, a questionnaire survey was conducted in 98 Japanese and 53 international institutions.ResultsPrevalence of screening examination among routine EGD was higher in Japanese than in international institutions. Japanese endoscopists noted that endoscopic mucosal atrophy was the most significant risk factor for GC, whereas international endoscopists paid more attention to clinical information such as age, symptoms and family history. Antispasmodics, mucolytics and defoaming agents were used more frequently in Japanese institutions. The examination time was similar (mostly 5–10 min) between Japanese and international institutions. Japanese endoscopists took more pictures (>20 in almost all institutions) than international endoscopists (≤20 in two‐thirds of institutions). In Japanese institutions, biopsy specimens were more frequently taken from areas of mucosal discoloration, unevenness or spontaneous bleeding rather than from obvious endoscopic lesions such as ulceration or polyps. In most Japanese institutions, one or two biopsy specimens were taken per lesion, compared with ≥three in international institutions.ConclusionThere were some discrepancies between Japanese and international institutions for routine EGD. Thus, standardization is required for adequate risk assessment, proper techniques, and knowledge of endoscopic diagnosis of EGC.
Multi‐color FISH facilitates analysis of cell‐type diversification and developmental gene regulation in the Parasteatoda spider embryo
Authors: Akiyama‐Oda Yasuko , Oda Hiroki 
Published: February 2016

The simultaneous and quantitative analysis of the expression of multiple genes helps to shed light on gene regulatory networks. We established a method for multi‐color fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) for the analysis of cell‐type diversification and developmental gene regulation in the embryo of the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. This mFISH technique allowed quadruple staining using four types of labels for RNA probes, digoxigenin, fluorescein, biotin, and dinitrophenyl, together with different fluorescent tyramides. To validate the usability of mFISH, we conducted four experiments. First, we distinguished similar gene expression patterns with mFISH, which showed overlaps and differences in the expression domains of anterior patterning hedgehog (hh), orthodenticle (otd), and labial genes at a cellular resolution. Second, we used mFISH to identify early cell types that are internalized on the anterior side. We found that fork head‐positive cells were subdivided into two cell types, 012_A08‐positive endoderm cells and twist‐positive mesoderm cells. Third, we quantified the ratio of expression levels of the odd‐paired (opa) gene in the chelicera and pedipalp segments based on the intensity of mFISH signals. Finally, we combined mFISH with embryonic RNA interference. It was possible to identify opa knockdown cell clones and detect the specific reduction of opa and the upregulation of otd and hh expression levels in the same cell clone that formed in the head region. This study proposes that mFISH is a powerful tool for the cell‐level analysis of gene regulation and quantification in the spider model.
Clinical Relevance of Left Atrial Strain to Predict Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation after Catheter Ablation: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ma Xin‐Xin , Boldt Leif‐Hendrik , Zhang Yue‐Li , Zhu Meng‐Ruo , Hu Bing , Parwani Abdul , Belyavskiy Evgeny , Radha Krishnan Aravind K. , Krisper Maximilian , Köhncke Clemens , Osmanoglou Engin , Kropf Martin , Lacour Philipp , Blaschke Florian , Edelmann Frank , Tschöpe Carsten , Haverkamp Wilhelm , Pieske‐Kraigher Elisabeth , Pieske Burkert , Morris Daniel A. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundThe purpose of this meta‐analysis was to analyze the clinical relevance of left atrial (LA) strain to predict recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation (CA).Methods and ResultsWe searched in different databases (Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane) prospective studies that analyzed LA strain before CA. Eight studies (2 with only paroxysmal AF and 6 with mixed population of paroxysmal and persistent AF) were included in the final analysis (total patient number = 686). Patients with recurrence of AF were principally characterized by lower LA strain in comparison with those without AF recurrence (mean 18.4% [range 8.8–24.5%] versus 25.3% [13.6–32.7%], weighted mean difference −4.89% [95% CI −5.83% to −3.95%], P < 0.001). In addition, receiver operating curves shown that LA strain was strongly associated with recurrence of AF after CA (weighted mean: AUC 0.798 [95% CI 0.700–0.943], cutoff 22.8% [18.8–30%], sensitivity 78% [65–86%], and specificity 75% [66–100%]). In line, these results were similar using LA strain with QRS‐analysis and P‐analysis as well as using different software package such as Echo‐Pac, QLab, TomTec, and VVI.ConclusionIn patients with AF candidate for CA, the analysis of the LA using LA strain could be of great usefulness to identify patients with high risk of AF recurrence. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to establish the clinical relevance of LA strain in patients with persistent AF.
Learning from exporting in China
Authors: Hu Cui , Lin Faqin , Wang Xiaosong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDo exports increase the firm's productivity causally? Focusing on the matched information of highly disaggregated transaction and firm‐level data from 2000 to 2006 in China, we construct a new measure of firm‐specific demand shock as an instrument for firm exports, based on the GDP growth rate of destination countries. We find that a one percentage point expansion in exports raises firm total factor productivity (estimated by the Olley–Pakes method) by approximately 0.224 percentage points on average. Moreover, we find that exports to high‐income countries, more processing exports and scope expansion about variety contribute to the learning effect.
Where are they now? Psychosocial, educational, and vocational outcomes after epilepsy surgery in childhood
Authors: Puka Klajdi , Smith Mary Lou 
Published: February 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the social, educational, and vocational outcomes of young adults who underwent resective epilepsy surgery in childhood (4–11 years earlier), and in a comparison group of nonsurgical patients with intractable epilepsy.MethodsParticipants were 78 patients (mean age 22.37, standard deviation [SD] 2.47 years) with childhood onset intractable epilepsy, of whom 51 underwent surgery. At follow‐up, participants were at least 18 years of age. Patients' current education, employment, income, and various social factors, including living arrangements, relationship status, and involvement with friends and community organizations were recorded. In addition, parents of patients completed the Adult Behaviour Checklist (ABCL). Employment status, education, and income were compared with provincial census data.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of surgical and nonsurgical patients who were seizure‐free in the 12 months preceding the study: 53% and 33%, respectively (p = 0.10). Among all patients, 60% were enrolled in, or had completed, postsecondary education and 82% were employed or a student; similar to the general population. However, compared with population data, fewer patients with epilepsy (20%) had an annual income of $10,000 or greater (p < 0.001). Compared to normative data, a greater proportion of patients scored in the abnormal range in some ABCL scales (p < 0.028). Patients with IQs > 85 had significantly better educational, vocational, and psychosocial outcomes compared to patients with IQs ≤ 85. Surgical and nonsurgical patients did not differ on any outcome variable. Compared to patients with seizures, more seizure‐free patients were living independently (p = 0.03), and had a driver's licence (p < 0.001). Other outcomes were similar among patients with and without seizures.SignificanceOverall, patients with intractable epilepsy in childhood attained educational and vocational outcomes similar to that of the general population, but earned a significantly lower income. Seizure freedom, attained through surgery or medication management, was associated with better outcomes in limited psychosocial measures.