bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are reading and face processing related? An investigation of reading in developmental prosopagnosia
Authors: Starrfelt Randi , Klargaard Solja K. , Petersen Anders , Gerlach Christian 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecent hypotheses suggest that learning to read influences the cognitive and cerebral organization of other perceptual skills, including face processing. Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a disorder of face recognition in the absence of acquired brain injury, and in the context of normal intelligence and general cognitive development. To shed light on the potential relationship between reading and face processing in this group (and in general), we investigated reading performance in 10 participants with DP and 20 matched controls. We find that the group of DPs perform strikingly similar to the control group on four sensitive reading tests measuring visual recognition and naming of single letters and words, word length effects, and text reading speed and comprehension. Thus, there is a clear dissociation between impaired face processing and preserved reading in this group, a finding that challenges the recently proposed hypothesis that reading acquisition and face processing abilities are intrinsically linked. Developmental prosopagnosics can learn to read as fluently as normal subjects, while they are seemingly unable to learn efficient strategies for recognizing faces.
Internationalisation of Central and Eastern European small firms
Authors: Stoian M. Cristina , Rialp Alex , Rialp Josep , Jarvis Robin 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the internationalisation of small firms from a Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) country with an emerging market economy, while accounting for the constantly changing institutional framework as well as resource (un)availability which may influence their involvement in foreign market operations. In doing so, it supports the applicability of the revised Uppsala internationalisation process model (2009), which highlights the key role of networks for international activity.Design/methodology/approach– This study is based on a qualitative approach leading to multiple case studies. The main source of data is semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted within six small firms.Findings– The revisited Uppsala model proves to be generally valid for the small firms analysed in this study. Networks play a crucial role for knowledge creation and exchange, and frequently represent the most reliable resource at firms’ disposal. Trust is an indispensable ingredient that shapes network relationships. Institutional changes acted as push factors for small firms’ internationalisation.Research limitations/implications– Policy-makers and entrepreneurs should direct their efforts at encouraging international network building and the formation of partnerships. Specific policy-driven actions should facilitate the connection between (international) entrepreneurs and potential foreign business partners.Originality/value– This study brings insights to the revised Uppsala model, particularly considering the continuous and relatively rapid changes within the institutional environment that interact with the experiential learning curve and resource accumulation and subsequent commitment to foreign markets. Furthermore, it is one of the few studies that address the internationalisation of small firms from a CEE economy.
Entrepreneurship mission and content in Finnish policy programmes
Authors: Heinonen Jarna , Hytti Ulla 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to understand the roles and mission assigned to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs in Finnish entrepreneurship policy, and how they are reflected in policy actions.Design/methodology/approach– A discourse analysis of policy missions and content was conducted based on selected policy documents related to the government entrepreneurship programmes run in 1999, 2003, 2007 and 2011.Findings– The analysis identifies a clear evolution in the policies over the years, but no radical changes; indicating that policies develop incrementally by adding to previous schemes. In addition, the analysis reveals the changes in focus, measures and key actors involved in the policies. In general, the documents emphasise the need to create more jobs of better quality, to stimulate economic growth and recently also to foster a more sustainable society. There is a limited role for entrepreneurship in introducing innovation and change to society.Research limitations/implications– Besides analysing entrepreneurship policy there is a need to develop a better understanding of policy entrepreneurship, that is, the promotion of significant policy change. In addition, research evidence needs to be better incorporated into the formulation of policies.Practical implications– Policymakers should be critical of policy development in order to create truly entrepreneurial policies. In order to promote entrepreneurship, more emphasis should be placed on developing incentives and measures supporting the identification and discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities, not merely on facilitating exploitation.Originality/value– The paper contributes to entrepreneurship policy discussions by offering fresh insights into where entrepreneurship literature, policies and actions, and social reality intersect. The paper’s main contribution is to clearly show what is being promoted by the entrepreneurship policies and how, and the pitfalls of the current approaches compared to the understanding of entrepreneurship as a phenomenon.
Visual Twitter Analytics (Vista)
Authors: Hoeber Orland , Hoeber Larena , El Meseery Maha , Odoh Kenneth , Gopi Radhika 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– Due to the size and velocity at which user generated content is created on social media services such as Twitter, analysts are often limited by the need to pre-determine the specific topics and themes they wish to follow. Visual analytics software may be used to support the interactive discovery of emergent themes. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Tweets collected from the live Twitter stream matching a user’s query are stored in a database, and classified based on their sentiment. The temporally changing sentiment is visualized, along with sparklines showing the distribution of the top terms, hashtags, user mentions, and authors in each of the positive, neutral, and negative classes. Interactive tools are provided to support sub-querying and the examination of emergent themes.

Findings
– A case study of using Vista to analyze sport fan engagement within a mega-sport event (2013 Le Tour de France) is provided. The authors illustrate how emergent themes can be identified and isolated from the large collection of data, without the need to identify these a priori.

Originality/value
– Vista provides mechanisms that support the interactive exploration among Twitter data. By combining automatic data processing and machine learning methods with interactive visualization software, researchers are relieved of tedious data processing tasks, and can focus on the analysis of high-level features of the data. In particular, patterns of Twitter use can be identified, emergent themes can be isolated, and purposeful samples of the data can be selected by the researcher for further analysis.
Discovering shilling groups in a real e-commerce platform
Authors: Wang Youquan , Wu Zhiang , Bu Zhan , Cao Jie , Yang Dun 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– With the popularity of e-commerce, shilling attack is becoming more rampant in online shopping websites. Shilling attackers publish mendacious ratings as well as reviews for promoting or suppressing target products. The purpose of this paper is to investigate group shilling, a new typed shilling attack, behavior in a real e-commerce platform (e.g. Amazon.cn).

Design/methodology/approach
– Several behavioral features are proposed for modeling the shilling group, and thus an unsupervised ranking method based on principal component analysis (PCA) is presented for identifying shilling groups from real users on Amazon.cn.

Findings
– As indicated by the behavior analysis, the proposed method has successfully identified a number of shilling groups on Amazon. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the proposed features and accuracy of the proposed unsupervised method are carefully validated.

Originality/value
– This paper presents a set of solutions for discovering shilling groups when the ground truth labels are hard to be obtained in real environment, including candidate groups generation, behavioral features definition and unsupervised detection.
Employment outcomes and patterns of real estate graduates: is gender a matter?
Authors: Poon Joanna , Brownlow Michael 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether gender has an impact on real estate and built environment graduates’ employment outcomes, employment patterns and other important employment related issues, such as pay, role, contract type and employment opportunity in different states of a country.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data used in this paper has been collected from the Australian Graduate Survey (AGS). Data from the years 2010-2012 was combined into a single data set. Dimensionality reduction was used to prepare the data set for the courses listed in AGS data, in order to develop the simplified classifications for real estate and built environment courses which are used to conduct further analysis in this paper. Dimensionality reduction was also used to prepare data set for the further analysis of the employment outcomes and patterns for real estate graduates. Descriptive and statistical analysis methods were used to identify the impact of gender on the employment outcomes, employment patterns and other important employment related issues, such as pay, role, contract type and location of job, for real estate graduates in Australia. This paper also benchmarks the employment result of real estate graduates to built environment graduates.

Findings
– Recent male built environment graduates in Australia are more likely to gain full-time employment than females. The dominant role for recent female built environment graduates in Australia is a secretarial or administrative role while for the male it is a professional or technical role. Male real estate and built environment graduates are more likely to have a higher level of salary. Gender also has an impact on the contract type. Male built environment graduates are more likely to be employed on a permanent contract. On the other hand, gender has no impact on gaining employment in different states, such as New South Wales and Queensland, in Australia. The finding of this paper reinforces the view of previous literature, which is that male graduates have a more favourable employment outcomes and on better employment terms. The finding also shows that graduate employment outcomes for real estate and built environment graduates in Australia are similar to that in other countries, such as the UK, where equivalent studies have been published.

Originality/value
– This is pioneering research that investigates the impact of gender on employment outcomes, employment patterns and other employment related issues for real estate graduates and built environment graduates in Australia.
Skeletal muscle regeneration in cancer cachexia
Authors: Bossola Maurizio , Marzetti Emanuele , Rosa Fausto , Pacelli Fabio 
Published: February 2016

SummaryMuscle wasting is the most important phenotypic and clinical feature of cancer cachexia, and the principal cause of impaired physical function, fatigue, and respiratory complications. Muscle loss has been attributed to a variable combination of reduced nutritional intake and an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic processes. It has been suggested that defective skeletal muscle regeneration may also contribute to muscle wasting in cancer patients. However, there is little in vitro or in vivo data available, in either animals or in humans, regarding skeletal muscle regeneration in cancer wasting. The aim of the present review is to define the role of skeletal muscle regeneration in the muscle wasting of cancer patients and to determine possible therapeutic implications.
The sociology of childbirth: an autobiographical journey through four decades of research
Authors: Oakley Ann 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe sociology of childbirth emerged in the 1970s largely as a result of influences from outside sociology. These included feminism, maternity care activism, the increasing medicalisation of childbirth, and evidence‐based health care. This paper uses the author's own sociological ‘career’ to map a journey through four decades of childbirth research. It demonstrates the importance of social networks and interdisciplinary work, particularly across the medical‐social science divide and including cross‐cultural perspectives, argues that the study of reproduction has facilitated methodological development within the social sciences, and suggests that childbirth remains on the periphery of mainstream sociological concerns.
Relationship Between Self‐Injurious Behaviors and Levels of Aggression in Children and Adolescents Who Were Subject to Medicolegal Examination,
Authors: Ozsoy Sait , Kara Koray , Teke Hacer Y. , Turker Turker , Congologlu Mehmet A. , Sezigen Sermet , Renklidag Tulay , Karapirli Mustafa , Javan Gulnaz T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAggression, which is defined as a behavior causing harm or pain, is a behavioral pattern typically expected in children and adolescents who are involved in criminal activities. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between aggression and self‐injurious behavior (SIB) in children and adolescents. The study was performed in 295 cases which were sent for medicolegal examination. The mean age of the subjects was 14.27 ± 1.05 years (age range 10–18 years). The aggression levels of the subjects were determined using the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), which is an updated form of the Buss‐Durkee Hostility Inventory. The mean total AQ score of the subjects with and without SIB was 78.04 ± 21.0 and 62.75 ± 18.05, respectively (p < 0.01). There were significant statistical differences between the two groups with respect to their subscale scores (p < 0.01). It was concluded that the levels of aggression increased in children and adolescents who were involved in criminal activities when the SIBs increased.
Forensic Analysis of Cigarette Ash—Brand Determination Through Trace‐metal Analysis
Authors: Groth Anja C. , Barnes James H. , Lewis Cris , Murray Cynthia K. , Albahadily Fakhrildeen , Jourdan Thomas H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe information inherent in cigarette ash in the form of trace‐metal concentrations may be of use in a forensic context as it can indicate the brand from which the ash originated. This knowledge might help place suspects at crime scenes or determine how many people may have been present. To develop and test statistical models capable of classifying ash samples according to brand, commercial cigarettes procured in the U.S. and overseas were “smoked” using a peristaltic pump, mimicking the range of human smoking habits. Ash samples were digested in a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid applying microwave digestion and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis of the elemental data showed intrinsic differences between brands. Partial least squares‐discriminant analysis demonstrated that brand classification yields good sensitivity and specificity for a number of models tested. Varying smoking parameters did not impact the classification of ash samples.
A Wormian Bone, Mimicking an Entry Gunshot Wound of the Skull, in an Anthropological Specimen
Authors: Machado Marcos Paulo Salles , Simões Márcia Pereira , Gamba Thiago de Oliveira , Flores Isadora Luana , Haiter Neto Francisco , Durão Carlos Henrique , Daruge Júnior Eduardo , Cunha Eugénia 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWormian bones (WB) are irregular small cranial ossicles found along suture lines and fontanels. In Brazil, gunshot wounds to the skull are quite common in young individuals. Nevertheless, as far as we know, this is the first report of a WB giving an erroneous aspect of gunshot entrance due to its displacement position. The present manuscript describes the case of a Brazilian young man who died due to ballistic trauma, where a gaping bony defect on the right side of the skull was thought to be the exit wound of an injury related to the destruction found on the left side, highly suggestive of firearm injury. Thus, this case study has brought to light similarities between a traumatic lesion and an orifice of a WB, with emphasis on differential diagnosis during routine anthropological examinations.
TOF‐SIMS Analysis of Red Color Inks of Writing and Printing Tools on Questioned Documents
Authors: Lee Jihye , Nam Yun Sik , Min Jisook , Lee Kang‐Bong , Lee Yeonhee 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTime‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) is a well‐established surface technique that provides both elemental and molecular information from several monolayers of a sample surface while also allowing depth profiling or image mapping to be performed. Static TOF‐SIMS with improved performances has expanded the application of TOF‐SIMS to the study of a variety of organic, polymeric, biological, archaeological, and forensic materials. In forensic investigation, the use of a minimal sample for the analysis is preferable. Although the TOF‐SIMS technique is destructive, the probing beams have microsized diameters so that only small portion of the questioned sample is necessary for the analysis, leaving the rest available for other analyses. In this study, TOF‐SIMS and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) were applied to the analysis of several different pen inks, red sealing inks, and printed patterns on paper. The overlapping areas of ballpoint pen writing, red seal stamping, and laser printing in a document were investigated to identify the sequence of recording. The sequence relations for various cases were determined from the TOF‐SIMS mapping image and the depth profile. TOF‐SIMS images were also used to investigate numbers or characters altered with two different red pens. TOF‐SIMS was successfully used to determine the sequence of intersecting lines and the forged numbers on the paper.
cloncase: Estimation of sex frequency and effective population size by clonemate resampling in partially clonal organisms
Authors: Ali Sajid , Soubeyrand Samuel , Gladieux Pierre , Giraud Tatiana , Leconte Marc , Gautier Angélique , Mboup Mamadou , Chen Wanquan , de Vallavieille‐Pope Claude , Enjalbert Jérôme 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInferring reproductive and demographic parameters of populations is crucial to our understanding of species ecology and evolutionary potential but can be challenging, especially in partially clonal organisms. Here, we describe a new and accurate method, cloncase, for estimating both the rate of sexual vs. asexual reproduction and the effective population size, based on the frequency of clonemate resampling across generations. Simulations showed that our method provides reliable estimates of sex frequency and effective population size for a wide range of parameters. The cloncase method was applied to Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, a fungal pathogen causing stripe/yellow rust, an important wheat disease. This fungus is highly clonal in Europe but has been suggested to recombine in Asia. Using two temporally spaced samples of P. striiformis f.sp. tritici in China, the estimated sex frequency was 75% (i.e. three‐quarter of individuals being sexually derived during the yearly sexual cycle), indicating strong contribution of sexual reproduction to the life cycle of the pathogen in this area. The inferred effective population size of this partially clonal organism (Nc = 998) was in good agreement with estimates obtained using methods based on temporal variations in allelic frequencies. The cloncase estimator presented herein is the first method allowing accurate inference of both sex frequency and effective population size from population data without knowledge of recombination or mutation rates. cloncase can be applied to population genetic data from any organism with cyclical parthenogenesis and should in particular be very useful for improving our understanding of pest and microbial population biology.
Dissecting phylogenetic fuzzy weighting: theory and application in metacommunity phylogenetics
Authors: Duarte Leandro D. S. , Debastiani Vanderlei J. , Freitas André V. L. , Pillar Valério D. 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Metacommunity phylogenetics aims at evaluating environmental and/or historical factors driving clade distribution. Phylogenetic fuzzy weighting (PFW) describes clade distribution across metacommunities based on fuzzy sets defined by phylogenetic relatedness among species. The method enables analysing environmental and/or biogeographic determinants of clade distribution. PFW also offers an exploratory tool for visualizing clade distribution via Principal Coordinates of Phylogenetic Structure (PCPS). In this article, we describe the theoretical properties and biological backgrounds of PFW and evaluate its statistical performance (type I error and statistical power) in assessing environmental and phylogenetic determinants of species distribution in comparison with other phylobetadiversity methods (COMDIST, COMDISTNT, Rao's H and UniFrac).

The statistical performance of PFW and the other phylobetadiversity metrics was tested by (i) simulating metacommunities under different species assembly scenarios (species distribution influenced or not by environment and/or phylogeny), niche breadth tolerance and species pool sizes; (ii) submitting community matrices to PFW and deriving pairwise phylogenetic dissimilarities between communities (DP) and PCPS; (iii) submitting these metrics and the other phylobetadiversity methods to different analytical approaches (Mantel test, regression on dissimilarity matrices – ADONIS, and GLM) to evaluate the influence of environment and phylogeny on metacommunity phylogenetic structure; and (iv) estimating type I error and power estimates via alternative permutation procedures.

Results demonstrated that PFW provides robust assessment of environmental and phylogenetic drivers of species distribution across metacommunities. Although all methods had acceptable type I error for both Mantel test and ADONIS, only PFW showed acceptable power for both tests. Rao's H had acceptable power only for Mantel test, while COMDIST had acceptable power only for ADONIS. COMDISTNT and UniFrac showed poor statistical performance for both tests. Conversely, GLM had acceptable power only for the first PCPS.

Performing ADONIS on DP provides a robust overall assessment of environmental and phylogenetic drivers of species distribution. On the other hand, performing PCPS analysis after rejecting the null hypotheses via ADONIS allows identifying the phylogenetic nodes mostly associated with environmental gradients. PFW enables synthesizing and analysing phylogenetic patterns in metacommunities, allowing attaining a more complete portrait of ecological and evolutionary drivers of species distribution.