bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Rotation and Physiological Umbilical Herniation During the Embryonic Period
Authors: Ueda Yui , Yamada Shigehito , Uwabe Chigako , Kose Katsumi , Takakuwa Tetsuya 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTDrastic changes occur during the formation of the intestinal loop (IL), including elongation, physiological umbilical herniation (PUH), and midgut rotation. Fifty‐four sets of magnetic resonance images of embryos between Carnegie stage (CS) 14 and CS 23 were used to reconstruct embryonic digestive tract in three dimensions in the Amira program. Elongation, PUH, and rotation were quantified in relation to the proximal part of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), designated as the origin. Up to CS 16, IL rotation was initially observed as a slight deviation of the duodenum and colorectum from the median plane. The PUH was noticeable after CS 17. At CS 18, the IL showed a hairpin‐like structure, with the SMA running parallel to the straight part and the cecum located to the left. After CS 19, the IL began to form a complex structure as a result of the rapid growth of the small intestinal portion. By CS 20, the IL starting point had moved from the right cranial region to an area caudal to the origin, though elongation of the duodenum was not conspicuous—this was a change of almost 180° in position. The end of the IL remained in roughly the same place, to the left of and caudal to the origin. Notably, the IL rotated around the origin only during earlier stages and gradually moved away, running transversely after CS 19. The movements of the IL may be explained as the result of differential growth, suggesting that IL rotation is passive. Anat Rec, 299:197–206, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Participatory Action Research with Filipino Street Youth: Their Voice and Action against Corporal Punishment
Authors: Wartenweiler Daniel , Mansukhani Roseann 
Published: November 2015

The study investigated perspectives on corporal punishment of adolescents from street families in Manila, with the aim of creating actions that address the issue in that specific context. Participatory action research (PAR) was employed as a research design, collecting qualitative data with 11 youth, selected through purposive sampling. Results showed that harsh corporal punishment is highly normative in that context, most frequently physically and emotionally abusive, and often co‐occurs with verbal abuse. It has negative effects on the youth's feelings towards, and their relationship with, their parents, and it leads to defiant behaviours. The youth planned an action project to address the issue of corporal punishment in their families: producing a video clip and holding a parents' meeting. Through the PAR process, the youth were empowered to voice their feelings and perceptions and to take action to address the issue of corporal punishment in their families and in the wider community. The study demonstrated how PAR can serve as a pathway towards empowerment for a very vulnerable group.‘Investigated perspectives on corporal punishment of adolescents from street families in Manila’Key Practitioner Messages:

Little is known about children's perceptions related to corporal punishment, and children remain powerless to address this issue which most often happens in the intimate family context.
Harsh corporal punishment is a highly normative experience for street youth in Manila, and is often physically and verbally abusive.
The PAR process served as a pathway to empowerment for the youth, enabling them to address the issue of corporal punishment in their context.
‘Little is known about children's perceptions related to corporal punishment’
Highly Efficient Hybrid Cobalt–Copper–Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxide/Graphene Nanocomposites as Catalysts for the Oxidation of Alkylaromatics
Authors: Xie Renfeng , Fan Guoli , Yang Lan , Li Feng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe selective oxidation of alkylaromatics is of vital importance for the production of high‐added‐value raw materials. The development of highly efficient heterogeneous catalytic oxidation systems under mild conditions has become an attractive research area. In this work, hybrid Co–Cu–Al layered double hydroxide/graphene (CoCuAl‐LDH/graphene) nanocomposites, which were assembled successfully by a one‐step coprecipitation route without the use of any additional reducing agents, were used as highly efficient catalysts for the liquid‐phase selective oxidation of ethylbenzene using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. A series of characterizations revealed that graphene could stabilize CoCuAl‐LDH nanoplatelets effectively in the nanocomposites, and in turn, highly dispersed CoCuAl‐LDH could prevent the aggregation of the graphene nanosheets. By fine‐tuning the mass ratio of graphene to CoCuAl‐LDH, such nanocomposites offered a tunable catalytic oxidation performance. In particular, the nanocomposite with the graphene/CoCuAl‐LDH mass ratio of 0.4:1 exhibited a remarkable catalytic performance with a considerable conversion (96.8 %) and selectivity to acetophenone (>95.0 %), which was mainly attributed to the synergism between the active CoCuAl‐LDH component and the graphene matrix in the unique hetero‐nanostructure. Moreover, the as‐assembled nanocomposite catalysts displayed good recyclability and were active for the selective oxidation of other alkylaromatics.
Numerical Simulation of the Arrangement of Baffles on Radiation Distribution and Disinfection in UV Reactors
Authors: Cao Haochen , Deng Baoqing , Hong Jie , Xue Jiao , Chang Fei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe optimization of installation of baffles in a UV rector is investigated. The flow field is obtained by solving continuity and momentum equations. The radiation intensity is solved by a radiative transfer equation. The UV dosage is obtained by coupling the Lagrangian particle tracking approach with the solved radiation intensity. One unbaffled reactor and two baffled reactors are simulated. The baffled UV reactor A has the longest residence time and the lowest UV dosage while the baffled UV reactor B has the relatively longer residence time and the highest UV dosage. The unbaffled reactor performs between the two baffled reactors considering residence time and UV dosage. The baffled UV reactor B enables the best disinfection of microorganisms. The results demonstrate that optimization should consider flow field and radiation intensity simultaneously.
Contaminant‐Degrading Microorganisms Identified Using Stable Isotope Probing
Authors: Cupples Alison M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStable isotope probing (SIP) enables function to be linked with identity without isolating the microorganisms responsible. This culture‐independent approach has been adapted to identify the microorganisms involved in the degradation of numerous environmental contaminants. SIP studies have been performed in situ or in laboratory microcosms inoculated with soil, sediment, groundwater or bioreactor samples. This review focuses on the microorganisms that have been identified in those projects. SIP studies involving the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, gasoline‐associated contaminants, chlorinated solvents, hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX), phenol, uranium, and pentachlorophenol are discussed. The significant diversity of contaminant‐degrading microorganisms is highlighted.
Non‐Oxidative Dehydrogenation Pathways for the Conversion of C2–C4 Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Shylesh Sankaranarayanapillai , Kim Daeyoup , Ho Christopher R. , Johnson Gregory R. , Wu Jason , Bell Alexis T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Alexis T. Bell at The University of California, Berkeley in Berkeley, California. The image shows the utility of gold nanoparticles deposited on hydrotalcite (Au/HT) for the continuous gas‐phase non‐ oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of bioderived C2–C4 alcohols to the respective carbonyl compounds and hydrogen. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201500786.
A 4.8–6.8 GHz low phase noise LC VCO in 0.13‐µm CMOS technology
Authors: Wang Yuan , Gan Shanliang , Jia Song , Zhang Xing 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis letter presents a novel LC voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) supporting the high‐speed serial transmission standard of RapidIO in 0.13‐µm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor technology. The low phase noise is achieved through several techniques including current source switching, parallel coupled negative transconductance cell, and varactor bias combination scheme. Measured results of proposed circuit show a low phase noise of −120 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from 6.25 GHz carrier and tuning range of 4.8 ~ 6.8 GHz (34.48%) while consuming 7.4 mW under the supply voltage of 1.2 V. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FGF signaling enhances a sonic hedgehog negative feedback loop at the initiation of spinal cord ventral patterning
Authors: Morales Aixa V. , Espeso‐Gil Sergio , Ocaña Inmaculada , Nieto‐Lopez Francisco , Calleja Elena , Bovolenta Paola , Lewandoski Mark , Diez del Corral Ruth 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTA prevalent developmental mechanism for the assignment of cell identities is the production of spatiotemporal concentration gradients of extracellular signaling molecules that are interpreted by the responding cells. One of such signaling systems is the Shh gradient that controls neuronal subtype identity in the ventral spinal cord. Using loss and gain of function approaches in chick and mouse embryos, we show here that the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway is required to restrict the domains of ventral gene expression as neuroepithelial cells become exposed to Shh during caudal extension of the embryo. FGF signaling activates the expression of the Shh receptor and negative pathway regulator Patched 2 (Ptch2) and therefore can enhance a negative feedback loop that restrains the activity of the pathway. Thus, we identify one of the mechanisms by which FGF signaling acts as a modulator of the onset of Shh signaling activity in the context of coordination of ventral patterning and caudal axis extension. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 956–971, 2016
Increase in antioxidant activity of brined olives (Carolea cv.) thermally treated in different packaging types
Authors: Amalia Piscopo , Alessandra De Bruno , Angela Zappia , Marco Poiana 
Published: November 2015

This work was aimed to study the effect of a thermal processing on brined olives (and their covering liquids) packaged in different types of containers (glass jar with two volumes and plastic pouches made of two materials). The results show an increase of antioxidant activity of all pasteurized olives because of the melanoidin formation in pulp after processing with no differences among materials and sizes of packaging. In this study, glass packaging involved lower depletion of total polyphenol content and better preservation of the α‐tocopherol content in olive pulp than plastic pouches during the processing. The olives packaged in PA/PE showed higher content of antioxidant compounds than the olives processed in OPA/PP pouches.Practical application: Practical application for the study entitled “Increase in antioxidant activity of brined olives (Carolea cv.) thermally treated in different packaging types” regards the study of chemical changes on olives in different containers. Therefore in food industry the positive effect of heat and the right packaging form could be useful for preservation of olives and also enhancing of their functional properties. The results of this work showed an increased antioxidant activity in brined olives thermally treated, due to the melanoidin formation.Increase in antioxidant activity of table olives after pasteurization in different packaging types. B (Brined olives); P1 (Olives pasteurized in 370 mL‐glass jars); P2 (Olives pasteurized in 580 mL‐glass jars); P3 (Olives pasteurized in 450 mL‐PA/PE pouches); P4 (Olives pasteurized in 450 mL‐OPA/PP pouches).
A Computational Study of the Intramolec­ular Carbolithiation of Aryllithiums: Solvent and Substituent Effects
Authors: Mattalia Jean‐Marc , Nava Paola 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe intramolecular carbolithiation of olefinic aryllithiums provides an interesting route to functionalized carbo‐ and heterocyclic systems. We have computed mechanistic energy profiles (DFT) by varying the nature of the solvent and aryllithium. Our calculations suggest that the solvent mainly impacts the aggregation state of the aryllithium intermediates rather than activates the reactive species themselves. Further investigations revealed that substitution of the terminal position of the double bond and the N‐allyl side‐chain strongly influence the energy barriers, in good agreement with experimental data.
Establishment of performance‐based seismic design factors for precast concrete floor diaphragms
Authors: Zhang Dichuan , Fleischman Robert B. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis paper presents an analytical study used to establish design factors for a new seismic design methodology for precast concrete floor diaphragms. The design factors include diaphragm force amplification factors Ψ and diaphragm shear overstrength factors Ωv. The Ψ factors are applied to the ASCE7‐05 diaphragm design forces to produce diaphragm design strengths aligned to different performance targets. These performance targets are based on diaphragm detailing choices, and include: (i) elastic diaphragm behavior or (ii) limiting inelastic deformation demand on the diaphragm reinforcement (connectors between precast units or reinforcing bars in a topping slab) to within their reliable deformation capacities. The Ωv factors provide overstrength relative to the diaphragm bending strength for capacity protection against shear failure. The analytical study was performed by conducting nonlinear time history analyses of a simple evaluation structure, of which the dimensions and structural properties were varied. The analytical model used in the study is constructed and calibrated on the basis of extensive physical testing. The analytically obtained values of the diaphragm design factors are presented as functions of the geometric and structural properties of the building. The design factors presented here have been verified through evaluation of a set of realistic precast prototype structures. The diaphragm design methodology is currently in the codification process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemodynamic response function abnormalities in schizophrenia during a multisensory detection task
Authors: Hanlon Faith M. , Shaff Nicholas A. , Dodd Andrew B. , Ling Josef M. , Bustillo Juan R. , Abbott Christopher C. , Stromberg Shannon F. , Abrams Swala , Lin Denise S. , Mayer Andrew R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response has commonly been used to investigate the neuropathology underlying cognitive and sensory deficits in patients with schizophrenia (SP) by examining the positive phase of the BOLD response, assuming a fixed shape for the hemodynamic response function (HRF). However, the individual phases (positive and post‐stimulus undershoot (PSU)) of the HRF may be differentially affected by a variety of underlying pathologies. The current experiment used a multisensory detection task with a rapid event‐related fMRI paradigm to investigate both the positive and PSU phases of the HRF in SP and healthy controls (HC). Behavioral results indicated no significant group differences during task performance. Analyses that examined the shape of the HRF indicated two distinct group differences. First, SP exhibited a reduced and/or prolonged PSU following normal task‐related positive BOLD activation in secondary auditory and visual sensory areas relative to HC. Second, SP did not show task‐induced deactivation in the anterior node of the default‐mode network (aDMN) relative to HC. In contrast, when performing traditional analyses that focus on the positive phase, there were no group differences. Interestingly, the magnitude of the PSU in secondary auditory and visual areas was positively associated with the magnitude of task‐induced deactivation within the aDMN, suggesting a possible common neural mechanism underlying both of these abnormalities (failure in neural inhibition). Results are consistent with recent views that separate neural processes underlie the two phases of the HRF and that they are differentially affected in SP. Hum Brain Mapp 37:745–755, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bone Mass and Strength in School-Age Children Exhibit Sexual Dimorphism Related to Differences in Lean Mass: The Generation R Study
Authors: Medina-Gomez Carolina , Heppe Denise HM , Yin Jia-Lian , Trajanoska Katerina , Uitterlinden André G , Beck Thomas J , Jaddoe Vincent WV , Rivadeneira Fernando 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Bone strength, a key determinant of fracture risk, has been shown to display clear sexual dimorphism after puberty. We sought to determine whether sex differences in bone mass and hip bone geometry as an index of strength exist in school-age prepubertal children and the degree to which the differences are independent of body size and lean mass. We studied 3514 children whose whole-body and hip scans were measured using the same densitometer (GE-Lunar iDXA) at a mean age of 6.2 years. Hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans underwent hip structural analyses (HSA) with derivation of bone strength indices. Sex differences in these parameters were assessed by regression models adjusted for age, height, ethnicity, weight, and lean mass fraction (LMF). Whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) levels were 1.3% and 4.3% higher in girls after adjustment by LMF. Independent of LMF, boys had 1.5% shorter femurs, 1.9% and 2.2% narrower shaft and femoral neck with 1.6% to 3.4% thicker cortices than girls. Consequent with this geometry configuration, girls observed 6.6% higher stresses in the medial femoral neck than boys. When considering LMF, the sexual differences on the derived bone strength indices were attenuated, suggesting that differences in muscle loads may reflect an innate disadvantage in bone strength in girls, as consequence of their lower muscular acquisition. In summary, we show that bone sexual dimorphism is already present at 6 years of age, with boys having stronger bones than girls, the relation of which is influenced by body composition and likely attributable to differential adaptation to mechanical loading. Our results support the view that early life interventions (ie, increased physical activity) targeted during the pre- and peripubertal stages may be of high importance, particularly in girls, because before puberty onset, muscle mass is strongly associated with bone density and geometry in children. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Postcranial osteogenesis of the helmeted water toad Calyptocephalella gayi (Neobatrachia: Calyptocephalellidae) with comments on the osteology of australobatrachians
Authors: Muzzopappa Paula , Pugener L. Analía , Báez Ana María 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTCalyptocephalella gayi is one of over 6,000 neobatrachians arranged into two main groups, Hyloides and Ranoides. Phylogenetically, C. gayi is placed in Australobatrachia, a Gondwanan clade that is either the most basal clade of Hyloides or the sister group of Hyloidea, depending on the cladistic hypothesis; as such, this species is a key taxon in the study of the early evolution of Neobatrachia. The ontogeny of the postcranial skeleton of C. gayi is described in this article. The description is based on pattern of chondrification and ossification of skeletal elements in a growth series of tadpoles, on juveniles and adult individuals. Particular attention was devoted to some developmental aspects and morphological traits of the adult skeleton. The body of Presacral Vertebra VIII is formed from three centers of ossification, in contrast to the usual two dorsolateral centers observed in the remaining vertebrae of C. gayi, as well as in most anuran taxa for which the development of the axial skeleton is known. Each half of the pelvic girdle arises from a single cartilaginous element. The early development of the autopodia of both the forelimb and hindlimb includes the presence of an additional chondral element, which occurs during the formation of Distal Carpal 5 and the transient formation of Distal Tarsal 4 before the latter is incorporated in the cartilaginous distal end of the fibular. Some osteological aspects of other australobatrachian anurans also are reviewed (e.g., presence of intervertebral discs) based on reports in the literature, as well as first hand observations. In the course of this study, it became evident that further osteological studies are needed to formulate a clear picture of the evolution of skeletal characters not only within Australobatrachia, but also within Neobatrachia. J. Morphol. 277:204–230, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Myoanatomy and anterior muscle regeneration of the fireworm Eurythoe cf. complanata (Annelida: Amphinomidae)
Authors: Weidhase Michael , Bleidorn Christoph , Beckers Patrick , Helm Conrad 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAmphinomidae or so‐called “fireworms” are known for their inflammatory substances and their regeneration ability. Recent transcriptome‐based molecular analyses revealed that these remarkable annelids are a basal branching taxon outside the annelid main radiation (Pleistoannelida). Although several studies dealing with analyses of the morphology of these annelids have been published, detailed investigations of the anterior muscle regeneration and the musculature in general are largely lacking for amphinomids. Using histology, phalloidin labeling together with subsequent confocal laser scanning microscopy (cLSM), and further light microscopic image acquisition of different regeneration stages, we here present the first morphological study describing the myoanatomy and muscular regeneration. During anterior muscular regeneration, longitudinal muscle bundles develop prior to transverse muscle fibers and segment boundaries. Additionally, Eurythoe cf. complanata develops an independent muscular ring surrounding the mouth opening in an early stage of regeneration. Detailed investigation of adult body wall musculature and the parapodial muscle complex in amphinomids show that E. cf. complanata bears well‐developed dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscle bundles as well as outer transverse muscles comparable to the pattern described for several Pleistoannelida. Furthermore, the biramous parapodia possess a complex meshwork of distinct muscle fibers allowing detailed comparisons with other annelid families. J. Morphol. 277:306–315, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.