bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’apport du concept d’énonciation éditoriale dans la formation des traducteurs
Authors: Léchauguette Sophie 
Published: July 2017

RésuméLa traduction d’ouvrages pratiques pour l’édition s’apparente plus à l’activité des traducteurs pragmatiques exerçant dans divers domaines économiques qu’à celle des traducteurs littéraires.Une partie de la réflexion traductive commence avant l’analyse du texte de départ puisque les exigences des donneurs d’ordre, elles-mêmes fonction du lectorat visé par l’ouvrage, introduisent de multiples contraintes extra-textuelles dans la traduction. Scripteurs sous contrat, traducteurs et rédacteurs, à la différence des auteurs écrivains, ne choisissent ni les contenus, ni le style. Des consignes strictes encadrent l’effort rédactionnel, préemptant les choix lexicaux et grammaticaux pour créer un style homogène définissant l’identité d’une collection.Ces réalités professionnelles sont au cœur de notre démarche. Une formation à la rédaction, articulée sur la socialisation des futurs professionnels et adossée à une solide connaissance de l’objet livre, support des textes, renforce l’adéquation entre la formation universitaire et les attentes des donneurs d’ordre. En l’absence de spécialisation en traduction pragmatique pour l’édition, cet article propose des pistes pour améliorer la formation des traducteurs d’édition. Il se termine par des activités intégrant la dimension sociale et intersémiotique propres à développer les compétences rédactionnelles pour débuter dans le métier.
Fracture Site Mobility at 6 Weeks After Humeral Shaft Fracture Predicts Nonunion Without Surgery
Authors: Driesman Adam S. , Fisher Nina , Karia Raj , Konda Sanjit , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives:
To assess the presence of fracture site gross motion on physical examination to predict humeral shaft fracture progression to nonunion in patients managed nonoperatively.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Single trauma level 1 institutional center.

Patients:
Eighty-four consecutive patients undergoing nonoperative treatment of a diaphyseal humeral shaft fracture were identified. The average age of the population was 48.3 years, and 50% of the cohort was men.

Intervention:
Clinical examination for fracture stability was routinely performed on patients by the treating physicians and documented it in the medical record. Patients were followed until union or surgery for persistent fracture mobility.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Stability was graded if there was motion at the site (1: motion of any kind and 0: moved as a unit).

Results:
Seventy-three patients (87%) healed their fracture within our study cohort by 6 months postfracture. Of the remaining 11 patients, after discussion with their treating physicians about the option of surgical intervention, 8 chose to undergo open reduction internal fixation at an average of 8 months, 1 proceeded nonsurgical interventions, and 2 were lost of follow-up. If the humeral shaft fracture site was mobile at 6 weeks follow-up visit, it identified future fracture nonunion with 82% sensitivity and 99% specificity (only 1 patient with motion at 6 weeks proceeded to fracture union).

Conclusion:
With a high negative predictive value, clinical examination of fracture motion at 6 weeks should be assessed in every patient to determine which patients should obtain closer follow-up for the risk of nonunion progression. Knowledge of gross fracture motion can be used in the shared decision-making model in counseling about early surgical options.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Effects of White Noise on Agitated Behaviors, Mental Status, and Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults With Dementia
Authors: Lin Li-Wei , Weng Shu-Chuan , Wu Hua-Shan , Tsai Lu-Jen , Lin Ya-Ling , Yeh Shu-Hui 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
The aging of society is a global trend, and care of older adults with dementia is an urgent challenge. As dementia progresses, patients exhibit negative emotions, memory disorders, sleep disorders, and agitated behavior. Agitated behavior is one of the most difficult problems for family caregivers and healthcare providers to handle when caring for older adults with dementia.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of white noise in improving agitated behavior, mental status, and activities of daily living in older adults with dementia.

Methods:
An experimental research design was used to study elderly participants two times (pretest and posttest). Six dementia care centers in central and southern Taiwan were targeted to recruit participants. There were 63 participants: 28 were in the experimental group, and 35 were in the comparison group. Experimental group participants received 20 minutes of white noise consisting of ocean, rain, wind, and running water sounds between 4 and 5 p.m. daily over a period of 4 weeks. The comparison group received routine care. Questionnaires were completed, and observations of agitated behaviors were collected before and after the intervention.

Results:
Agitated behavior in the experimental group improved significantly between pretest and posttest. Furthermore, posttest scores on the Mini-Mental Status Examination and Barthel Index were slightly better for this group than at pretest. However, the experimental group registered no significant difference in mental status or activities of daily living at posttest. For the comparison group, agitated behavior was unchanged between pretest and posttest.

Conclusions:
The results of this study support white noise as a simple, convenient, and noninvasive intervention that improves agitated behavior in older adults with dementia. These results may provide a reference for related healthcare providers, educators, and administrators who care for older adults with dementia.
Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Job Performance Scale Instrument
Authors: Harmanci Seren Arzu Kader , Tuna Rujnan , Eskin Bacaksiz Feride 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Objective measurement of the job performance of nursing staff using valid and reliable instruments is important in the evaluation of healthcare quality. A current, valid, and reliable instrument that specifically measures the performance of nurses is required for this purpose.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Job Performance Instrument.

Methods:
This study used a methodological design and a sample of 240 nurses working at different units in four hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. A descriptive data form, the Job Performance Scale, and the Employee Performance Scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21.0 and LISREL Version 8.51.

Results:
On the basis of the data analysis, the instrument was revised. Some items were deleted, and subscales were combined.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
The Turkish version of the Job Performance Instrument was determined to be valid and reliable to measure the performance of nurses. The instrument is suitable for evaluating current nursing roles.
The Nursing Performance Instrument: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses in Registered Nurses
Authors: Sagherian Knar , Steege Linsey M. , Geiger-Brown Jeanne , Harrington Donna 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
The optimal performance of nurses in healthcare settings plays a critical role in care quality and patient safety. Despite this importance, few measures are provided in the literature that evaluate nursing performance as an independent construct from competencies. The nine-item Nursing Performance Instrument (NPI) was developed to fill this gap.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to examine and confirm the underlying factor structure of the NPI in registered nurses.

Method:
The design was cross-sectional, using secondary data collected between February 2008 and April 2009 for the “Fatigue in Nursing Survey” (N = 797). The sample was predominantly dayshift female nurses working in acute care settings. Using Mplus software, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied to the NPI data, which were divided into two equal subsamples. Multiple fit indices were used to evaluate the fit of the alternative models.

Results:
The three-factor model was determined to fit the data adequately. The factors that were labeled as “physical/mental decrements,” “consistent practice,” and “behavioral change” were moderately to strongly intercorrelated, indicating good convergent validity. The reliability coefficients for the subscales were acceptable.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
The NPI consists of three latent constructs. This instrument has the potentialto be used as a self-monitoring instrument that addressesnurses’ perceptions of performance while providing patient care.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound as a New Investigative Tool in Diagnostic Imaging of Muscle Injuries—A Pilot Study Evaluating Conventional Ultrasound, CEUS, and Findings in MRI
Authors: Hotfiel Thilo , Heiss Rafael , Swoboda Bernd , Kellermann Marion , Gelse Kolja , Grim Casper , Strobel Deike , Wildner Dane 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
To emphasize the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the imaging of muscle injuries with different degrees of severity by comparing findings to established imaging modalities such as conventional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Design:
Case series.

Setting:
Institutional study. Conventional ultrasound and CEUS were performed in the Department of Internal Medicine. Magnetic resonance imaging was carried out in the Department of Radiology within the Magnetom Avanto 1.5T and Magnetom Skyra fit 3T (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) and in the Institution of Imaging Diagnostics and Therapy (Magnetom Avanto 1.5T; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany).

Patients:
Fifteen patients who underwent an acute muscle injury were recruited.

Main Outcome Measures:
The appearance and detectable size of muscle injuries were compared between each imaging modality. The injuries were assessed by 3 independent observers and blinded between imaging modalities.

Results:
All 15 injuries were identified on MRI and CEUS, whereas 10 injuries showed abnormalities in conventional ultrasound. The determination and measurement revealed significant differences between conventional ultrasound and CEUS depending on injury severity. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound revealed an impairment of microcirculation in grade I lesions (corresponding to intramuscular edema observed in MRI), which was not detectable using conventional ultrasound.

Conclusions:
Our results indicate that performing CEUS seems to be a sensitive additional diagnostic modality in the early assessment of muscle injuries. Our results highlight the advantages of CEUS in the imaging of low-grade lesions when compared with conventional ultrasound, as this was the more accurate modality for identifying intramuscular edema.
Role of Multislice CT Imaging in Predicting the Visibility of the Round Window in Pediatric Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Fouad Yasser A. , Elaassar Ahmad Shaker , El-anwar Mohammad Waheed , Sabir Ebrahim , Abdelhamid Ahmad , Ghonimy Mai 
Published: July 2017

Background:
High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) magnifies the role of preoperative imaging for detailed inner and middle ear anatomical information and enhances more efforts for better dependent correlation and measurements of round window (RW).

Objective:
To find an applicable way by HRCT imaging for the prediction of the visibility of the RW during cochlear implantation (CI) surgery.

Methods:
Five radiologic measurements were performed on the axial HRCT and these measurements were correlated with the degree of RW visibility after performing posterior tympanotomy during CI surgery.

Results:
Sixty ears of 60 children were included in the current study. A significant correlation was found between the degree of RW visibility and the following: 1) the angle between RW, facial nerve (FN), and the coronal axis (p < 0.00001); 2) the vertical distance between RW and FN (p = 0.006552); and 3) FN location to the axis of cochlea (p = 0.000419). On the other hand, nonsignificant correlation was found between the degree of RW visibility and both of the facial recess width and the angle between axis of cochlea and external auditory canal (p = 0.941363 and p = 0.59036 respectively).

Conclusion:
The angle between RW, FN, and the coronal axis and the vertical distance between RW and FN are proportionate with the degree of surgical RW visibility in children during CI. In children, surgeons can depend on those two parameters in addition to the distance between FN location to the axis of cochlea in predicting the RW visibility rather than depending on the measurements related to the external auditory canal.
Position of the Internal Aperture of Vestibular Aqueduct in Patients With Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct
Authors: Lyu Huiying , Hong Juan , Yin Dongming , Chen Keguang , Li Jieying , Yang Lin , Zhang Tianyu , Dai Peidong 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
To investigate the position of the internal aperture of vestibular aqueduct and its relationship to hearing level in patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA).

Methods:
The size of the common crus and the position of the internal aperture of vestibular aqueduct were compared among control subjects, EVA patients with and without other inner ear malformations. Auditory steady-state response thresholds were compared between EVA patients with different positions of internal apertures.

Results:
The common crus in EVA patients was shorter than in control subjects (p < 0.05). The internal aperture of the vestibular aqueduct opened solely into the common crus in control subjects, simultaneously into the common crus and vestibule in almost 45% of EVA patients, solely into the common crus, and the vestibule in almost 30 and 25% of EVA patients, respectively. Auditory steady-state response thresholds at 2000 and 4000 Hz were higher in EVA patients whose internal apertures of vestibular aqueducts opened simultaneously into the common crus and vestibule than in those whose internal apertures opened solely into the common crus.

Conclusion:
The common crus is shorter in EVA patients than in control subjects. The internal aperture of the vestibular aqueduct opens solely into the common crus in control subjects. It opens simultaneously into the common crus and vestibule in almost half of the EVA patients. The EVA patients whose internal apertures of vestibular aqueducts open solely into the common crus may have better hearing than those whose internal apertures open simultaneously into the common crus and vestibule.
Proposal of a Video-recording System for the Assessment of Bell's Palsy: Methodology and Preliminary Results
Authors: Monini Simonetta , Marinozzi Franco , Atturo Francesca , Bini Fabiano , Marchelletta Silvia , Barbara Maurizio 
Published: July 2017

Hypothesis:
To propose a new objective video-recording procedure to assess and monitor over time the severity of facial nerve palsy.

Background:
No objective methods for facial palsy (FP) assessment are universally accepted.

Methods:
The face of subjects presenting with different degrees of facial nerve deficit, as measured by the House–Brackmann (HB) grading system, was videotaped after positioning, at specific points, 10 gray circular markers made of a retroreflective material. Video-recording included the resting position and six ordered facial movements. Editing and data elaboration was performed using a software instructed to assess marker distances. From the differences of the marker distances between the two sides was then extracted a score.

Results:
The higher the FP degree, the higher the score registered during each movement. The statistical significance differed during the various movements between the different FP degrees, being uniform when closing the eyes gently; whereas when wrinkling the nose, there was no difference between the HB grade III and IV groups and, when smiling, no difference was evidenced between the HB grade IV and V groups.
The global range index, which represents the overall degree of FP, was between 6.2 and 7.9 in the normal subjects (HB grade I); between 10.6 and 18.91 in HB grade II; between 22.19 and 33.06 in HB grade III; between 38.61 and 49.75 in HB grade IV; and between 50.97 and 66.88 in HB grade V.

Conclusion:
The proposed objective methodology could provide numerical data that correspond to the different degrees of FP, as assessed by the subjective HB grading system. These data can in addition be used singularly to score selected areas of the paralyzed face when recovery occurs with a different timing in the different face regions.
A Systematic Review of Primary Care Safety Climate Survey Instruments: Their Origins, Psychometric Properties, Quality, and Usage
Authors: Curran Ciara , Lydon Sinéad , Kelly Maureen , Murphy Andrew , Walsh Chloe , O'Connor Paul 
Published: July 2017

ImportanceSafety climate (SC) measurement is a common and feasible method of proactive safety assessment in primary care. However, there is no consensus on which instrument is “best” to use.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to identify the origins, psychometric properties, quality, and SC domains measured by survey instruments used to assess SC in primary care settings.Data SourcesSystematic searches were conducted using Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycInfo in February 2016.Study SelectionEnglish-language, peer-reviewed studies that reported the development and/or use of a SC survey in a primary care setting were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo reviewers independently extracted data (survey characteristics, origins, and psychometric properties) from studies and applied the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs to assess methodological rigour. Safety climate domains within surveys were deductively analyzed and categorized into common healthcare SC themes.ResultsSeventeen SC surveys were identified, of which 16 had been adapted from 2 main U.S. hospital-based surveys. Only 1 survey was developed de novo for a primary care setting. The quantity and quality of psychometric testing varied considerably across the surveys. Management commitment to safety was the most frequently measured SC theme (87.5%). Workload was infrequently measured (25%).Conclusions and RelevanceValid and reliable instruments, which are context specific to the healthcare environment for intentional use, are essential to accurately assess SC. Key recommendations include further establishing the construct and criterion-related validity of existing instruments as opposed to developing additional surveys.
Role of Normalized T-Cell Subsets in Predicting Comorbidities in a Large Cohort of Geriatric HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Calcagno Andrea , Piconi Stefania , Focà Emanuele , Nozza Silvia , Carli Federica , Montrucchio Chiara , Cattelan Annamaria M. , Orofino Giancarlo , Celesia Benedetto M. , Morena Valentina , De Socio Giuseppe V. , Guaraldi Giovanni ,   for the GEPPO (GEriatric Patients living with HIV/AIDS: a Prospective Multidimensional cOhort) Study Group
Published: July 2017

Background:
Adults aging with HIV are at greater risk for several comorbidities. The CD4+ cell count and CD4+/CD8+ ratio often fail to normalize in elderly patients despite prolonged antiretroviral therapy; this has been associated with concomitant diseases and poor prognosis.

Methods:
A cross-sectional analysis in antiretroviral-treated HIV-positive patients aged 65 years and older. The aim of the study was to describe the predictors of normalized T-cell subsets (“nT”, CD4+/CD8+ ratio ≥1 and CD4+ ≥500 cells/μL) in a cohort of geriatric HIV-positive patients and its association with HIV-associated non-AIDS conditions (HANA).

Results:
One thousand ninety-two patients were included: nT was observed in 340 patients (31.1%). Multivariate binary logistic analysis showed that plasma HIV RNA <50 copies/mL (P = 0.004), female sex (P = 0.002), and nadir CD4+ cell count (P < 0.001) were independent predictors of nT. Age and sex-adjusted prevalence of hypertension (P = 0.037), lipid abnormalities (P = 0.040), and multimorbidity (P = 0.034) were higher in subjects with nT, whereas chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer were lower (respectively, P = 0.028 and P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that HIV duration was an independent predictor of several comorbidities, whereas nT was protective for cancer and COPD. HIV duration and nT were simultaneously predictors of multimorbidity.

Conclusions:
Normalized T-cell subsets were observed in approximately one-third of geriatric HIV-positive subjects, and they were predicted by female sex and immunovirological features. HIV-associated non-AIDS conditions were more prevalent in patients with longer HIV duration, whereas nT represented a protective factor for cancer and COPD.
HIV Viral Load Suppression in Adults and Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy—Results From the IeDEA Collaboration
Authors: Jiamsakul Awachana , Kariminia Azar , Althoff Keri N. , Cesar Carina , Cortes Claudia P. , Davies Mary-Ann , Do Viet Chau , Eley Brian , Gill John , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Machado Daisy Maria , Moore Richard , Prozesky Hans , Zaniewski Elizabeth , Law Matthew 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Having 90% of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and achieving an undetectable viral load (VL) is 1 of the 90:90:90 by 2020 targets. In this global analysis, we investigated the proportions of adult and paediatric patients with VL suppression in the first 3 years after ART initiation.

Methods:
Patients from the IeDEA cohorts who initiated ART between 2010 and 2014 were included. Proportions with VL suppression (<1000 copies/mL) were estimated using (1) strict intention to treat (ITT)–loss to follow-up (LTFU) and dead patients counted as having detectable VL; and (2) modified ITT—LTFU and dead patients were excluded. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of viral suppression at 1 year after ART initiation using modified ITT.

Results:
A total of 35,561 adults from 38 sites/16 countries and 2601 children from 18 sites/6 countries were included. When comparing strict with modified ITT methods, the proportion achieving VL suppression at 3 years from ART initiation changed from 45.1% to 90.2% in adults, and 60.6% to 80.4% in children. In adults, older age, higher CD4 count pre-ART, and homosexual/bisexual HIV exposure were associated with VL suppression. In children, older age and higher CD4 percentage pre-ART showed significant associations with VL suppression.

Conclusions:
Large increases in the proportion of VL suppression in adults were observed when we excluded those who were LTFU or had died. The increases were less pronounced in children. Greater emphasis should be made to minimize LTFU and maximize patient retention in HIV-infected patients of all age groups.