bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of plasma‐derived small extracellular vesicle characteristics and microRNA cargo following exercise‐induced skeletal muscle damage in men
Authors: Lovett Jason , McColl Rhys S. , Durcan Peter , Vechetti Ivan , Myburgh Kathryn H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicle (EV) cargo is known to change in response to stimuli such as muscle damage. This study aimed to assess particle size, concentration and microRNA (miR) content within small EV‐enriched separations prepared from human blood taken before and after unaccustomed eccentric‐biased exercise‐induced muscle damage. Nine male volunteers underwent plyometric jumping and downhill running, with blood samples taken at baseline, 2, and 24 h post‐exercise. EVs were separated using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and their characteristics evaluated by nanoparticle tracking. No changes in EV size or concentration were seen following the muscle‐damaging exercise. Small RNA sequencing identified 240 miRs to be consistently present within the EVs. RT‐qPCR analysis was performed: specifically, for known muscle‐enriched/important miRs, including miR‐1, −206, −133a, −133b, −31, −208b, −451a, −486 and − 499 and the immune‐important miR‐21, −146a and − 155. Notably, none of the immune‐important miRs within the EVs tested changed in response to the muscle damage. Of the muscle‐associated miRs tested, only the levels of miR‐31‐5p were seen to change with decreased levels at 24 h compared to baseline and 2 h, indicating involvement in the damage response. These findings shed light on the dynamic role of EV miRs in response to exercise‐induced muscle damage.
Green Basic Income: Evaluating the Bolsa Verde Project in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: MacNeill Timothy , Drummond Clarisse 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We analyze the Bolsa Verde Program, arguing that it likely was the world’s first largescale institution of a Green Basic Income Program. As such, the initiative presents a unique opportunity to evaluate the potential environmental uses and implications of Basic Income initiatives. Our study relies on a socially-embedded analysis of the program as it functioned in the context of the Brazilian Amazon. This involves analysis of qualitative data from former program beneficiaries, community leaders, program evaluators, and managers. This research suggests that the program operated socially as a de facto Green Basic Income program, despite being designed as a hybrid Payment for Environmental Services initiative. Our analysis suggests that Bolsa Verde was successful in reducing both deforestation and poverty, and these successes were achieved without undermining collective community institutions that could have positive anti-poverty and environmental protection benefits of their own.
The Research on the Impact of Regional Trade Network Relationships on Value Chain Resilience in China’s Service Industry
Authors: Zhang Hanmei , Dai Tianle 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Regional trade network relationships are not only a medium for transmitting shocks to value chains, but also an important vehicle for reconfiguring value chains. This article applies social network analysis, combines regional trade agreements, and describes the current status of regional trade network development in North America, the European Union, and “the Belt and Road,” as well as the individual characteristics of China’s service industry in each regional trade network by using the indicators of trade relations to construct the network density, connectedness, and centrality through clustering analysis. The research found that the complexity of regional trade network relationships has increased over the years. Additionally, the developing trend of equalization is accelerating but still exhibits a “Core-Periphery” structure. Additionally, subregional groups within the regional trade network are increasingly obvious. Further study on the impact of industry regional centrality on value chain resilience revealed that the increase of degree centrality and the betweenness centrality of China’s service industry can conspicuously strengthen value chain resilience in regional trade network relationships. Moreover, balanced regional trade network relationships can reinforce this effect. In contrast, the degree of the polarity of regional trade network relationships exacerbates the weakening motivation of centrality for value chain resilience.
Effects of an 8-week intervention of anulom vilom pranayama combined with heartfulness meditation on psychological stress, autonomic function, inflammatory biomarkers, and oxidative stress in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sharma Vivek Kumar , Barde Pradip B , Kathrotia Rajesh , Sharma Gaurav , Chitturi Vinay , Parmar Naresh , Dhruva Gauravi , Kavathia Ghanshyam , Rajendran Rajathi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Health care workers were exposed to huge stress during COVID-19 pandemic affecting their physical and mental health. Practice of anulom vilom pranayama and heartfulness meditation (AVPHFN) can improve mental and physical health and counter stress. The present study explored the effect of 8-week AVPHFN intervention on autonomic functions, emotional stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers in the nurse group of health-care givers.

Methods
This was a randomized controlled trial where 50 nurses underwent AVPHFN and 50 participated as controls. At baseline and after 8 week intervention of AVPHFN anthropometric parameters, cardiovascular parameters, autonomic function including time and frequency domain parameters, biochemical parameters, and psychological stress using the questionnaire were assessed.

Results
Forty nurses in AVPHFN group and 46 in control group completed the study. AVPHFN intervention resulted in a significant reduction in cardiovascular parameters heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and rate pressure product (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively), perceived stress score and depression, anxiety, and stress scale psychological variables of depression, and stress compared to the control group. Total power, ratio of low frequency to high frequency and change in successive normal sinus (NN) intervals exceeds 50 ms (p<0.01, p=0.05, and p<0.01 respectively) suggesting parasympathodominance due to higher vagal efferent activity. Serum cortisol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and telomerase significantly decreased in AVPHFN group post intervention.

Conclusions
Eighty-week intervention of AVPHFN improved psychophysiological, autonomic and biochemistry profile of nurse group of health-care workers. AVPHFN module may be beneficial for curtailing stress and improving well-being.
“Understanding and treating baras (vitiligo) in unani medicine: historical perspectives, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches”
Authors: Shah Nadeem A. , Mir Rayees A. , Saltanat Sabba 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Vitiligo, also known as baras in Unani medicine, causes patches of depigmented skin due to the loss of melanocytes. According to ancient Unani scholars, factors like excessive phlegm in the blood and weakened color-controlling power were believed to be the cause. This study dives into the historical insights of luminaries like Majūsī and Hakim Akbar Arzānī, alongside modern medical understanding. It explores the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and clinical features of vitiligo, while also addressing confusing definitions, dietary influences, and demographic patterns. We take a close look at the classification, prognosis, and investigative methods. The aim of this research is to bring together traditional and modern perspectives to fully understand vitiligo, covering its cultural, historical, and scientific aspects. By incorporating epidemiological data, dietary considerations, and insights into the underlying mechanisms, we enhance diagnostic and treatment approaches. In conclusion, this study establishes a cohesive connection between the historical wisdom of Unani medicine and the current scientific discourse on vitiligo. By merging these perspectives, we gain a comprehensive understanding of the condition, enabling a more holistic approach to diagnosis and management. As dermatological research continues to evolve, the integration of traditional and modern insights becomes crucial in effectively addressing complex skin disorders like vitiligo.
The crystal structure of alogliptinium meta-chlorobenzoate
Authors: Ma Yu-Heng , Ma Wen-Jing , Yang Kang , Zhang Kai-Yue , Zhang Qiao , Hu Qing , Shan Wu-Guang , Wang Yi-Hong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
C18H22N5O2·C7H4ClO2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 8.9188(2) Å, b = 10.8391(2) Å, c = 25.9295(5) Å, V = 2506.65(9) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0357, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1085, T = 293(2) K.
From nominal source to demonstrative: a case of grammaticalization in Standard Arabic
Authors: Jaradat Abdulazeez 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There is a debate concerning the history of demonstratives. Are they primitive or grammaticalized elements in languages? Moreover, notwithstanding the relevance of demonstratives to NP, nominals are not regarded as a potential source of grammaticalized demonstratives. The present study, based on synchronic observations, argues that the proximal demonstratives ða ‘this’ and ʔulaaʔ ‘these’, which constitute the nucleus of the demonstrative system of Standard Arabic, are grammaticalized elements. It also offers a new grammaticalization pathway and a new source of demonstratives. Arabic proximal demonstratives evolve from possessive adjectives, which are themselves grammaticalized from nominals that mean ‘oneself’ and ‘companion’. The motive underpinning this pathway is that the lexical sources and the grammaticalized elements share the property of being egocentric. Concerning medial and distal demonstratives, two further stages of grammaticalization occur: (1) the phonological derivation of two medial demonstratives from their corresponding proximal demonstratives and (2) the phonological derivation of two distal demonstratives from their corresponding medial demonstratives. The extended grammaticalization pathway is as follows: nominals that mean ‘self’ and ‘companion’ > possessive adjectives > proximal demonstratives > medial > distal. This pathway implies that the source of demonstratives may comprise more than one lexical word; however, they are meaningfully related, and their grammaticalization pathway towards forming the demonstrative system of Standard Arabic applies uniformly.
Embodied movement as a stratified semiotic mode: how movement, gaze and speech mean together in the classroom
Authors: Wu Xiaoqin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper develops a model to map out embodied movement as a stratified semiotic mode, that is, a conventionalized set of resources for meaning making. The model describes movement structure as a system that realizes specific meanings activated by contexts of situation. The model establishes an explicit link between contextual meanings and textual patterning by theorizing connections between genre, metafunction, and structure. Drawing upon an empirical study of one teacher’s embodied movement in the classroom, this paper maps out movement structure as distinct choices and reveals how movement, gaze and speech function rhythmically to construe information prominence and information boundaries at different levels of discourse organization, which further contributes to coherence and periodicity for the information flow and semantic flow in the lesson. Additionally, the paper reveals that the synthesis of different modes can enact semantic convergence and divergence to aggregate knowledge in pedagogic contexts. The analysis contributes to a systematic understanding of the types of meaning that embodied movement can realize and of the ways in which they are realized together with speech and gaze. The intertwined nature of movement structures, meanings and contexts also indicates that pedagogy is an embodied and situated construction.
Effect of silibinin on GAS6/sAXL and JAK/STAT pathways in human cholangiocarcinoma cell line
Authors: Caliskan Zehra Nur , Ozel Yetkin Merve , Baskol Mevlut , Baskol Gulden 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly heterogeneous biliary malignant tumor. Studies have demonstrated that JAK/STAT signaling is activated in many types of cancer. In addition, JAK/STAT is activated downstream of AXL, and the AXL receptor is activated by its ligand, GAS6. In this study, we investigated the anticarcinogenic effect of silibinin and its relationship with the GAS6/AXL ve JAK/STAT pathway in the human EGI-1 cell line.

Methods
Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle were measured by Muse Cell Analyzer. All the protein levels were determined by the ELISA method.

Results
We observed that silibinin significantly reduced cell proliferation and colony formation (p<0.05, p<0.001, respectively). Silibinin also significantly induced total apoptosis and the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle (p<0.01). We observed that silibinin significantly decreased JAK2 levels while increased STAT1 levels compared to the controls respectively (p<0.001; p<0.001). Besides, silibinin statistically decreased the levels of sAXL; however, numerically, but not statistically, it increased the level of GAS6 (p>0.05).

Conclusions
Silibinin reduces colony formation, inducing apoptosis and arresting cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase, which is an indicator of its anticancer activity. In addition, silibinin decreased the levels of JAK2 and sAXL, which contributes to the development of cancer, and increased the levels of STAT1, suggesting silibinin’s antiproliferative effects.
The antibacterial efficacy of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and rGO/ZnO composites produced through thermal pyrolysis method against various bacterial strains
Authors: Philip Reshma S , Narayanankutty Arunaksharan , Mathew Meril 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Antibacterial agents are essential to maintain the health of living beings. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to the development of resistance against antibiotics in microbes. To address this issue, efficient, cost-effective, and biocompatible alternatives for conventional antibiotics need to be developed. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), ZnO, and their composite have been identified as being efficient in disinfecting bacterial strains. The synthesis of rGO, ZnO, and their composite is usually a multi-step, time-consuming process that uses harmful reagents and catalysts. In this study, we prepared rGO from sucrose and rGO/ZnO composite from sucrose and zinc acetate by a single-step heating process. The method is green, eco-friendly and only uses commonly available non-hazardous precursors for preparation. The characterisation techniques, XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, and HR-TEM, displayed the formation of rGO and ZnO in the samples. The antibacterial efficiency of the samples rGO, the composites ZG-10, ZG-40, ZG-60 and ZnO (ZG-100) were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains using the agar disc diffusion method. The samples showed remarkable bactericidal activity against all the tested bacterial strains, and their zone of inhibition was comparable to that of conventional antibiotics. Different samples are proven to be effective for different bacterial strains. The sample rGO was found to be more efficient in inhibiting Escherichia coli with a zone of inhibition of 19.5 mm, whereas the ZG-10 composite exhibited superior efficiency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a zone of inhibition of 20.5 mm. The sample ZG-100 showed high disinfection efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis with zones of inhibition of 22.8 and 23 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration and cytotoxicity of the samples were also tested. From the analysis, the tested samples demonstrate strong antibacterial efficacy and less cytotoxicity, positioning them as a promising material for biomedical applications.
The clinical diversity of primary hypothyroidism presenting as a spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Authors: Prabha Krishna , Jebasingh K Felix , Londhe Vaibhav , Thomas Nihal 
Published: September 2024

Summary
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) usually occurs in patients undergoing assisted reproduction techniques and ovulation induction. Its variant, spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, a potentially life-threatening disorder, is uncommon and only a few cases have been reported in association with hypothyroidism. This study analysed five patients with untreated chronic hypothyroidism presenting with multicystic ovaries, isosexual precocious puberty, and delayed bone age; subsequently, the follow-up and regression of ovarian pathology was assessed. Two patients had presented to the emergency department with menorrhagia and hypotension, of these, one had ovarian torsion at presentation. Three patients presented to the outpatient department: one for evaluation of short stature, one for premature menarche, and another with polycystic ovaries. They were all diagnosed with long-standing, untreated chronic hypothyroidism. There was regression of the size of the cystic ovaries on subsequent follow-up. In all these patients, long-standing hypothyroidism had resulted in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The potentially life-threatening complications of this syndrome may be prevented by careful screening and a strong index of clinical suspicion at the outset.

Learning points

Long-standing, untreated primary hypothyroidism may result in spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

A high index of suspicion is required for an early and accurate diagnosis.

The requirement for interdepartmental collaboration between gynaecology and endocrinology departments is essential for the successful management of this life-threatening but easily treatable disorder.
First reported case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in an Australian Aboriginal
Authors: Mignone Edward , Neal Kirsten 
Published: September 2024

Summary
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) requires a high level of suspicion, and late diagnosis can lead to dire outcomes. Genetic counselling is an important part of management, with a lack of evidence surrounding an optimal approach in Aboriginal Australian populations. Our case surrounds a remote-dwelling 48-year-old Aboriginal Australian female who was reviewed by an inpatient endocrine team in 2020 for persistent hypercalcaemia on a background of a parathyroidectomy in 2011 for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), while she was admitted to a local hospital for acute chronic abdominal pain. Relevant medical history included multiple pulmonary embolisms/deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, human T-lymphotropic virus 1, recurrent abdominal pain, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder. Gastroscopies from 2013 and 2015 demonstrated chronic gastritis with hundreds of gastric polyps. Subsequent laboratory studies, neuroendocrine tumour (NET) screening, and CT imaging demonstrated a recurrence of PHPT and a new diagnosis of Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. A 68-gallium-DOTATATE PET/CT was in keeping with metastatic NET. Pituitary studies were normal. Genetic testing confirmed a rare heterozygous variant of c.207dupC in exon 2 of the MEN1 gene. Treatment was symptom based due to terminal comorbidities. Genetic counselling was attempted; however, cultural and logistical barriers were identified and the family declined further testing. Unfortunately, she died in 2021 from multifactorial respiratory failure. This case highlights the need for better approaches to genetic counselling systems for remote Aboriginal Australians and emphasizes the importance of early recognition and the challenges faced in remote areas in making such rare diagnoses.

Learning points

Remote healthcare systems often lack access to adequate specialist care, resulting in delayed diagnosis of rare conditions and leading to morbidity and mortality.

Further research and work need to be done to provide culturally appropriate genetic counselling systems in remote Aboriginal Australians.

A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose MEN1.

Consider MEN1 in any patient diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism, with age <40, and/or with the presence of multiglandular disease or with the presence of Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.

MEN1 may be under-recognized in Aboriginal Australians.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN TRANS AND GENDER-DIVERSE PATIENTS: Gonadal tissue cryopreservation in transgender and gender-diverse people
Authors: Ausavarungnirun Chatchanan , Orwig Kyle E 
Published: September 2024

In brief
Gender-affirming treatments for gender dysphoria can impact fertility. This review describes the impact of gender-affirming treatments on fertility and options to preserve fertility in transgender or gender-diverse children, adolescents, and young adults.

Abstract
Transgender individuals who pursue alignment with their gender identity through medical treatments or surgery face challenges to family building because the medical community lacks the understanding or infrastructure to serve the reproductive needs of transgender or non-binary people. Fertility preservation (FP) offers a crucial opportunity for the transgender community, enabling individuals to exercise autonomy over their reproductive choices. While fertility preservation has been extensively studied in other populations such as cancer patients, the unique biology and clinical care of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals have challenged the direct translation of what can be offered for cisgender individuals. Additionally, the FP services in transgender communities are reportedly under-utilized, despite the prevalent desire of TGD individuals to have children. This review aims to provide up-to-date information on the current standard of care and experimental FP options available to TGD individuals and their potential reproductive outcomes. We will also discuss the barriers to the success of FP utilization from both the biology/medical aspect and the perspectives of the TGD population. By recognizing the unique family-building challenges faced by TGD people and potential areas of improvement, appropriate adjustments can be made to better support fertility preservation in the TGD community.