bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detrital zircon U–Pb ages of the Murui Formation in the Zhalantun area: Implications for the Early Cretaceous tectonic setting of the southern Great Xing'an Range, NE China
Authors: Han Xiaomeng , Zheng Changqing , Han Yubao , Xu Xuechun , Shi Lu , Xu Jiulei , Li Juan 
Published: January 2018

This paper reports U–Pb ages of detrital zircons from a series of clastic and pyroclastic rocks from the Murui Formation in the southern Great Xing'an Range (GXR), NE China, with the aim of constraining the depositional age of this poorly dated unit. These data, combined with the petrographic and sedimentology characteristics of the rocks, are used to constrain the sediment sources and tectonic setting of the provenance and provide wider insight into the tectonic evolution of the southern GXR during the Late Mesozoic. Two lithic arkose samples have dominant age groups at 249–250, 159–160, 136–147, and 394–415 Ma, and 301–323, 278–288, 209–237, and 142–163 Ma, respectively. The U–Pb zircon data constrain the maximum depositional age of the Murui Formation to 136 ± 1 Ma, that is, the Early Cretaceous. A lithic–crystal tuff from the upper Murui Formation yielded zircons with a weighted mean U–Pb age of 136 ± 1 Ma (n = 47, mean square weighted deviation (MSWD) = 2.2), indicating that volcanic activity was contemporaneous with sedimentation of the Murui Formation. U–Pb dating of zircons from a pyromeride in the Baiyingaolao Formation that was erupted unconformably onto the Murui Formation yielded a peak age of ~120 Ma, which constrains the depositional age of the Murui Formation to 120–136 Ma. Further dating of detrital zircons shows a range of ages, indicating the various of sediment origins. The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the GXR served as the principal detrital sources for the Murui Formation in the southern GXR. Grain size and modal analysis of the sediments shows that the depositional environment was a stable intracontinental fluvial setting, and the provenance of the detritus was most likely a magmatic arc. According to stratigraphic contact relations, the Baiyingaolao Formation is supposed to have obvious intervals with lower volcanic strata, which combined with disparities between the southern and northern GXR in terms of the duration of volcanism, magmatic events, and the depositional age of the Murui Formation. We can conclude that the restricted occurrence of the Early Cretaceous detritus between the earlier and later phases of volcanism suggests progressive exhumation of the southern GXR in the Early Cretaceous. These may relate to post‐orogenic extension related to oceanic subduction. The southern GXR remained a site of active sedimentation during the continental extension period across the whole of NE China in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.
Diagnosis of cognitive decline and dementia in rural areas — A scoping review
Authors: Barth Janina , Nickel Franziska , Kolominsky‐Rabas Peter L. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesDue to the demographic change, the global prevalence of dementia will continually rise. Barriers to diagnosis and care are still high. But timely diagnosis is associated with valuable benefits and can promote timely and optimal management. Receiving an early diagnosis is especially in rural areas a problem due to the limited access to assessments. Therefore, the aim of our scoping review is to investigate different interventions targeted at rural living elderly to screen and diagnose cognitive decline and dementia.MethodsA scoping review was conducted in line with the framework of Arksey and O'Malley. The following databases were systematically searched: PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect. The interventions were categorized in four main categories (interventions for general practitioners/institutions; online/mobile offers; telehealth applications; telephone‐based screenings).ResultsThirty studies were included. The four categories show different scopes of application. Telehealth applications show that it is feasible and valid to diagnose dementia via videoconference. Assessments described in three other categories show that remotely used tools are appropriate to screen for mild cognitive impairment or cognitive decline, but are not valid to establish a dementia diagnosis.ConclusionsTelehealth applications can appropriately be used to diagnose dementia. However, most of the studies included only small sample sizes and did not test the applications explicitly in rural or remote populations. Therefore, studies taking these limitations into account are needed. On top, only two RCTs are included in this review indicating that more high quality studies in this field are needed.
Test–retest reliability and longitudinal analysis of automated hippocampal subregion volumes in healthy ageing andAlzheimer's disease populations
Authors: Worker Amanda , Dima Danai , Combes Anna , Crum William R. , Streffer Johannes , Einstein Steven , Mehta Mitul A. , Barker Gareth J. , Williams Steve C. R. , O'daly Owen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe hippocampal formation is a complex brain structure that is important in cognitive processes such as memory, mood, reward processing and other executive functions. Histological and neuroimaging studies have implicated the hippocampal region in neuropsychiatric disorders as well as in neurodegenerative diseases. This highly plastic limbic region is made up of several subregions that are believed to have different functional roles. Therefore, there is a growing interest in imaging the subregions of the hippocampal formation rather than modelling the hippocampus as a homogenous structure, driving the development of new automated analysis tools. Consequently, there is a pressing need to understand the stability of the measures derived from these new techniques. In this study, an automated hippocampal subregion segmentation pipeline, released as a developmental version of Freesurfer (v6.0), was applied to T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 22 healthy older participants, scanned on 3 separate occasions and a separate longitudinal dataset of 40 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Test–retest reliability of hippocampal subregion volumes was assessed using the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC), percentage volume difference and percentage volume overlap (Dice). Sensitivity of the regional estimates to longitudinal change was estimated using linear mixed effects (LME) modelling. The results show that out of the 24 hippocampal subregions, 20 had ICC scores of 0.9 or higher in both samples; these regions include the molecular layer, granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, CA1, CA3 and the subiculum (ICC > 0.9), whilst the hippocampal fissure and fimbria had lower ICC scores (0.73–0.88). Furthermore, LME analysis of the independent AD dataset demonstrated sensitivity to group and individual differences in the rate of volume change over time in several hippocampal subregions (CA1, molecular layer, CA3, hippocampal tail, fissure and presubiculum). These results indicate that this automated segmentation method provides a robust method with which to measure hippocampal subregions, and may be useful in tracking disease progression and measuring the effects of pharmacological intervention.
Endoscopic endonasal approach for sinonasal and anterior skull base malignancies in the elderly
Authors: Lepera Davide , Leone Federico , Volpi Luca , Bignami Maurizio , Karligkiotis Apostolos , Lambertoni Alessia , Pistochini Andrea , Accorona Remo , Nicolai Piero , Castelnuovo Paolo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to report the outcomes of endoscopic transnasal resection for sinonasal and anterior skull‐base cancers in elderly patients.MethodsA retrospective review was performed. The patients were divided into 2 groups, <70 years old and ≥70 years old and compared by univariate analysis. Prognostic factors were evaluated with a multivariate analysis. Survival rates were also calculated.ResultsTwo hundred three elderly patients and 397 younger patients were enrolled in this study. The elderly patients reported lower survival rates than the younger patients. When melanoma and esthesioneuroblastoma were censored, the disease‐specific survival (DSS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were similar. Complication rates were 17.5% without any statistical significance between the groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that histology, stage, surgical margins, and surgical approaches were independent predictors of survival in elderly patients.ConclusionThe endoscopic transnasal approach reported low mortality and morbidity rates also in geriatric patients, and age itself is not to be considered as a contraindication.
Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with enhanced hippocampal functional connectivity in healthy young adults
Authors: Stillman Chelsea M. , Uyar Fatma , Huang Haiqing , Grove George A. , Watt Jennifer C. , Wollam Mariegold E. , Erickson Kirk I. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractConsistent associations have been found between higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and indices of enhanced brain health and function, including behavioral measures of cognition as well as neuroimaging indicators such as regional brain volume. Several studies have reported that higher CRF levels are associated with a larger hippocampus, yet associations between volume and memory or functional connectivity metrics remain poorly understood. Using a multi‐modal framework, we hierarchically examine the association between CRF and hippocampal volume and resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) in younger adults, as well as their relationship between with memory function. We conducted theoretically‐driven analyses with seeds in the anterior and posterior hippocampus, as well as control seeds in the caudate nucleus. We tested whether (1) hippocampal connectivity with prefrontal cortical regions was associated with CRF in an adult sample much younger than traditionally tested, (2) associations between CRF and rsFC remain significant after adjusting for volume, and (3) volume and rsFC are related to memory. We found that higher CRF levels were associated with larger anterior hippocampal volume and more positive rsFC of the anterior hippocampus to several regions including the prefrontal cortex. rsFC also accounted for significant variance in CRF, above and beyond volume. CRF can thus be independently linked to increased anterior hippocampal volume, as well as stronger hippocampal rsFC in a population much younger than those typically tested, suggesitng it is critical to maintainig multiple aspects of brain health.
Cognitive trajectories and spectrum of neuropathology in SuperAgers: The first 10 cases
Authors: Rogalski Emily , Gefen Tamar , Mao Qinwen , Connelly Maureen , Weintraub Sandra , Geula Changiz , Bigio Eileen H. , Mesulam M.‐Marsel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOn average, memory capacity is significantly higher in populations of 50–60 year olds than in populations of 80 year olds. We define SuperAgers as individuals 80 or older whose episodic memory capacity is at least as good as that of cognitively average individuals in their 50s and 60s. SuperAgers therefore have memory capacity that is superior for age. Previous work showed that SuperAgers have greater cortical volumes and greater resistance to age‐related cortical atrophy than “cognitively average” individuals of the same age. Here we report on the cognitive, personality, and neuropathologic characteristics of the first 10 autopsy cases in the Northwestern SuperAging Program. During the follow‐up period, seven SuperAgers maintained episodic memory performance within or above the average range for 50–65 year‐old norms and all 10 SuperAgers maintained episodic memory scores within normal limits for their own age. Extraversion scores tended to be high on the NEO‐PI‐R measure of personality. The 10 autopsy specimens showed variable findings within the spectrum of Alzheimer pathology. The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex contained neurofibrillary degeneration mostly in the Braak II–III stages. However, even these limbic areas contained many healthy appearing neurons and the neocortex was generally free of neurofibrillary degeneration. In contrast, neocortical areas in at least five of the cases contained moderate to high densities of neuritic plaques. These findings need to be placed in context by comparing them to the neuropathology of cognitively average individuals of the same age. Future research on SuperAgers is likely to offer insights into factors that either prevent the emergence of involutional changes in the brain or that makes cognitive function more resistant to their consequences.
Nitroxide Radicals with Cucurbit[n]urils and Other Cavitands
Authors: Ouari Olivier , Bardelang David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe interface of nitroxide radicals with cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]) is covered in this review. Either used as spin probes, spin labels, or stoppers for paramagnetic rotaxanes, nitroxides offer new opportunities to investigate CB[n] and their inclusion complexes, especially thanks to EPR spectroscopy. On the other hand, CB[n] also offer interesting opportunities to modulate nitroxide properties such as protection or structuring. The multiple back and forth between the two well‐established areas where nitroxides bring information about CB[n], and CB[n] modulate nitroxide properties, have enabled to shed some light at this new interesting interface.
Winner of the society for biomaterials student award in the Ph.D. category for the annual meeting of the society for biomaterials, april 11–14, 2018, Atlanta, GA: Development of a bimodal, in situ crosslinking method to achieve multifactor release from electrospun gelatin
Authors: Kishan Alysha , Walker Taneidra , Sears Nick , Wilems Thomas , Cosgriff‐Hernandez Elizabeth 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo better mimic native tissue microenvironments, current efforts have moved beyond single growth factor delivery to more complex multiple growth factor delivery with distinct release profiles. Electrospun gelatin, a widely investigated drug delivery vehicle, requires postprocessing crosslinking techniques that generate a mesh with uniform crosslinking density, limiting the ability to deliver multiple factors at different rates. Herein, we describe a method to independently control release of multiple factors from a single electrospun gelatin mesh. Two in situ crosslinking modalities, photocrosslinking of methacyrlated gelatin and reactive crosslinking of gelatin with a diisocyanate, are coelectrospun to generate distinct fiber populations with different crosslinking chemistry and density in a single mesh. The photocrosslinked gelatin‐methacrylate resulted in a relatively rapid release of a model protein (48 ± 12% at day 1, 96 ± 3% at day 10) due to diffusion of embedded protein from the crosslinked fibers. The reactive crosslinking system displayed a more sustained release (7 ± 5% at day 1, 33 ± 2% at day 10) that was attributed to the conjugation of protein to gelatin with the diisocyanate, requiring degradation of gelatin prior to diffusion out of the fibers. Both modalities displayed tunable release profiles. Subsequent release studies of a cospun mesh with two different crosslinked fiber populations confirmed that the cospun mesh displayed multifactor release with independent release profiles. Overall, this bimodal, in situ crosslinking approach enables the delivery of multiple factors with distinct release kinetics from a single mesh and is expected to have broad utility in tissue engineering. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1155–1164, 2018.
An N‐Ethyl‐N‐Nitrosourea (ENU) Mutagenized Mouse Model for Autosomal Dominant Nonsyndromic Kyphoscoliosis Due to Vertebral Fusion
Authors: Esapa Christopher T , Piret Sian E , Nesbit M Andrew , Thomas Gethin P , Coulton Leslie A , Gallagher Orla M , Simon Michelle M , Kumar Saumya , Mallon Ann‐Marie , Bellantuono Ilaria , Brown Matthew A , Croucher Peter I , Potter Paul K , Brown Steve DM , Cox Roger D , Thakker Rajesh V 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTKyphosis and scoliosis are common spinal disorders that occur as part of complex syndromes or as nonsyndromic, idiopathic diseases. Familial and twin studies implicate genetic involvement, although the causative genes for idiopathic kyphoscoliosis remain to be identified. To facilitate these studies, we investigated progeny of mice treated with the chemical mutagen N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU) and assessed them for morphological and radiographic abnormalities. This identified a mouse with kyphoscoliosis due to fused lumbar vertebrae, which was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait; the phenotype was designated as hereditary vertebral fusion (HVF) and the locus as Hvf. Micro–computed tomography (μCT) analysis confirmed the occurrence of nonsyndromic kyphoscoliosis due to fusion of lumbar vertebrae in HVF mice, consistent with a pattern of blocked vertebrae due to failure of segmentation. μCT scans also showed the lumbar vertebral column of HVF mice to have generalized disc narrowing, displacement with compression of the neural spine, and distorted transverse processes. Histology of lumbar vertebrae revealed HVF mice to have irregularly shaped vertebral bodies and displacement of intervertebral discs and ossification centers. Genetic mapping using a panel of single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) loci arranged in chromosome sets and DNA samples from 23 HVF (eight males and 15 females) mice, localized Hvf to chromosome 4A3 and within a 5‐megabase (Mb) region containing nine protein coding genes, two processed transcripts, three microRNAs, five small nuclear RNAs, three large intergenic noncoding RNAs, and 24 pseudogenes. However, genome sequence analysis in this interval did not identify any abnormalities in the coding exons, or exon‐intron boundaries of any of these genes. Thus, our studies have established a mouse model for a monogenic form of nonsyndromic kyphoscoliosis due to fusion of lumbar vertebrae, and further identification of the underlying genetic defect will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in kyphoscoliosis. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Comorbidities Only Account for a Small Proportion of Excess Mortality After Fracture: A Record Linkage Study of Individual Fracture Types
Authors: Chen Weiwen , Simpson Judy M , March Lyn M , Blyth Fiona M , Bliuc Dana , Tran Thach , Nguyen Tuan V , Eisman John A , Center Jacqueline R 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Nonhip, nonvertebral (NHNV) fractures constitute the majority of osteoporotic fractures, but few studies have examined the association between these fractures, comorbidity, and mortality. Our objective was to examine the relationship between individual nonhip, nonvertebral fractures, comorbidities, and mortality. The prospective population-based cohort of 267,043 subjects (45 and Up Study, Australia) had baseline questionnaires linked to hospital administrative and all-cause mortality data from 2006 to 2013. Associations between fracture and mortality were examined using multivariate, time-dependent Cox models, adjusted for age, prior fracture, body mass index, smoking, and comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, thrombosis, and cancer), and survival function curves. Population attributable fraction was calculated for each level of risk exposure. During 1,490,651 person-years, women and men experienced 7571 and 4571 fractures and 7064 deaths and 11,078 deaths, respectively. In addition to hip and vertebral fractures, pelvis, humerus, clavicle, rib, proximal tibia/fibula, elbow and distal forearm fractures in both sexes, and ankle fractures in men were associated with increased multivariable-adjusted mortality hazard ratios ranging from 1.3 to 3.4. Comorbidity independently added to mortality such that a woman with a humeral fracture and 1 comorbidity had a similarly reduced 5-year survival as that of a woman with a hip fracture and no comorbidities. Population mortality attributable to any fracture without comorbidity was 9.2% in women and 5.3% in men. All proximal nonhip, nonvertebral fractures in women and men were associated with increased mortality risk. Coexistent comorbidities independently further increased mortality. Population attributable risk for mortality for fractures was similar to cardiovascular disease and diabetes, highlighting their importance and potential benefit for early intervention and treatment. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Association of Pre-ESRD Serum Calcium With Post-ESRD Mortality Among Incident ESRD Patients: A Cohort Study
Authors: Obi Yoshitsugu , Park Christina , Soohoo Melissa , Sumida Keiichi , Hamano Takayuki , Rhee Connie M , Kovesdy Csaba P , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Streja Elani 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Albumin-corrected serum calcium (cSCa) decline at late stages of chronic kidney disease and rise after dialysis initiation. Although hypercalcemia is associated with higher mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), there are scarce data on the impact of pre-ESRD cSCa on post-ESRD mortality. Therefore, we used a large national cohort of 21,826 US veterans who transitioned to dialysis in all US Department of Veterans Affairs health care facilities over 2009 to 2014 to examine the associations with all-cause and cause-specific post-ESRD mortality of (1) cSCa concentrations averaged over the last 6 months and (2) its rate of decline during the last 12 months before dialysis initiation. Mean concentrations and median rate of decline of cSCa were 9.3 ± 0.7 mg/dL and −0.15 (interquartile range −0.39 to 0.07) mg/dL/year, respectively. A total of 9596 patients died during the follow-up period (mean 1.9 years; total 41,541 patient-years) with an incidence rate of 23.1 per 100 patient-years. There was an independent linear association between higher cSCa with higher mortality (ptrend &lt; 0.001). The mortality risk associated with cSCa ≥9.0 mg/dL was attenuated among active vitamin D users (pinteraction &lt; 0.001). Patients with faster decline in cSCa showed lower mortality irrespective of baseline cSCa concentrations. These cSCa-mortality associations were stronger for noncardiovascular versus cardiovascular death. In conclusion, lower pre-ESRD cSCa and faster decline in cSCa were consistently and linearly associated with better post-ESRD survival among US veterans, especially for noncardiovascular death. Further studies are needed to determine if correcting hypocalcemia is beneficial or harmful and which intervention is preferred when indicated among patients transitioning to ESRD. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.