bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid Receptor 2 as Antiobesity Target: Inflammation, Fat Storage, and Browning Modulation
Authors: Rossi Francesca , Bellini Giulia , Luongo Livio , Manzo Iolanda , Tolone Salvatore , Tortora Chiara , Bernardo Maria Ester , Grandone Anna , Conforti Antonella , Docimo Ludovico , Nobili Bruno , Perrone Laura , Locatelli Franco , Maione Sabatino , del Giudice Emanuele Miraglia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Context:
Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state and adipocyte (ADP) hyperplasia/hypertrophy. Obesity inhibits the “browning” of white adipose tissue. Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonists reduce food intake and induce antiobesity effect in mice. A common missense CB2 variant, Q63R, causes CB2-reduced function.

Objective:
To evaluate the influence of CB2 receptor on the modulation of childhood obesity and of ADP activity and morphology.

Design:
CB2-Q63R variant was analyzed in obese Italian children. The effects of an inflammatory stimulus and those of drugs selectively acting on CB2 were investigated on in vitro ADPs obtained from mesenchymal stem cells of adult healthy donors or from sc adipose biopsies of adult nonobese and obese subjects.

Setting:
Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery of the Second University of Naples.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 501 obese Italian children (age 11 ± 2.75). Twelve healthy bone marrow donors (age 36.5 ± 15); and 17 subjects, 7 lean (age 42 ± 10) and 10 obese (age 37.8 ± 12) underwent sc adipose tissue biopsies.

Main Outcome Measures:
Effects of CB2 stimulation on adipokine, perilipin, and uncoupling protein-1 expression.

Results:
The less-functional CB2-R63 variant was significantly associated with a high z-score body mass index. CB2 blockade with AM630 reverse agonist increased inflammatory adipokine release and fat storage and reduced browning. CB2 stimulation with JWH-133 agonist reversed all of the obesity-related effects.

Conclusion:
CB2 receptor is a novel pharmacological target that should be considered for obesity.
Markets and Public Programs: Insights from Oregon and Tennessee
Authors: Gold Marsha 
Published: June 2016

Medicaid is the major national program promoting access to care for low-income populations, but the program also is a federal-state partnership. With costs rising and universal access still a remote objective, many states have turned to market-based strategies involving managed care, with the goals of generating savings for the state, improving access for Medicaid beneficiaries, and sometimes, expanding coverage to those who were previously uninsured. Yet Medicaid is a complex social insurance system that over time has been used to finance a variety of needs, often using cross-subsidies. In addition, states vary in both the scope of their Medicaid programs and the sophistication of the skills and resources they can bring to bear in shaping them. Understanding how these influence the ability to implement market-based strategies in Medicaid and what the effects of these strategies appear to be is of crucial importance because most states now include some features of this approach in their programs.
This article builds on two parallel state efforts to construct health reform for low-income populations using the Medicaid program, with a view to identifying what we can learn about issues related to their implementation and effects. Specifically, the article describes the early experiences of Oregon and Tennessee with health reform based on the Medicaid program under federal Section 1115 waivers. The analysis is drawn largely from in-depth case studies based on document review and site visits to each state in late 1994 to assess their first-year experience, with limited follow-up in August 1996.
In sum, the analysis suggests that Medicaid managed care and market strategies in concept are neither “magic bullets” nor “poison pills” for achieving public policy objectives. The way these strategies are formed, the context in which they are conceived, and the way in which they are implemented can markedly influence their accomplishments. As a public program, Medicaid has features that influence the development of market strategies and their ultimate effects. These include objectives that are broad in scope, multifaceted, and sometimes are not explicitly acknowledged, or that conflict; political processes that influence the speed and form of implementation; and administrative features both external and internal to the program that constrain the flexibility of the design and adoption. These features apply to all states, but they often operate differently in each.
Many of these concerns also exist in Medicaid fee for service. Thus our research suggests that in moving to managed care and market-based solutions, states gain some tools but remain faced with the same challenge: How to achieve more for less and for whom, when support falls short of the amount needed to achieve policy goals.
Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Response of Pristine and Functionalized Dodecadehydrotribenzo[18]annulene ([18]DBA): A Theoretical Study
Authors: Kamalinahad Saeedeh , Solimannejad Mohammad , Shakerzadeh Ehsan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The structural, electronic, and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of pristine dodecadehydrotribenzo[18]annulene ([18]DBA) functionalizing with the alkali metal atom (Li and Na), NH2 and NO2 functional groups and its location are inspected through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The NBO analysis indicates that functionalizing [18]DBA caused increasing charge transfer (CT) and introduced a new acceptor–donor model for NLO materials due to the structure with of π-electron of [18]DBA. The results demonstrate that the functional groups notably narrow the energy gap of [18]DBA, and the electronic character of [18]DBA is sensitive to the functional groups. Furthermore the considered functional groups enhance the static first and second hyperpolarizability of [18]DBA. Interestingly, replacement of H atom by Na and NO2 in [18]DBA leads to large static first hyperpolarizability (β0) values of 3977.40 and 3722.56 au and very great static second hyperpolarizability (γtot) 980380.40 and 752886.20 au, respectively, which is the largest among the considered functionalizing structures. Also transition energies (ΔE) decrease due to functionalizing, and the best location for functionalizing is position 2.
Screening for celiac disease in patients with eating disorders
Authors: Saldanha Nadia E. , Weiselberg Eric C. , Fisher Martin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
Celiac disease (CD) affects approximately 1% of the population, and although it remains largely underdiagnosed, can have considerable long-term morbidity. Common presenting symptoms include gastrointestinal complaints and weight loss, which are also symptoms seen in patients with eating disorders (EDs). Because of this overlap, and the importance of early diagnosis of CD and identifying possible complicating factors in patients with EDs, screening in our program has become part of an initial assessment during the past 4 years.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of all patients ages 7–22 years seen in our Division of Adolescent Medicine for an ED evaluation from 2011 to 2014 were reviewed. Screening for CD was done with tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody (TTgAb) and anti-endomysial IgA antibody (aEAb). Immunoglobulin A (IgA) was also measured.

Results:
There were 1160 patients evaluated for an ED between 2011 and 2014, and 42.6% (494) were screened for CD during this time. Of those patients screened for CD the mean age was 16.0, compared to a mean age of 15.6 for those that were not screened, and 87.7% were female, compared to 84.7% of the unscreened group. Of the 494 screened, 10 (2%) screened positive with a TTgAb IgA EIA >20. Of the 10 who screened positive via blood test, four had biopsy confirmed CD via endoscopy, for an overall 0.8% prevalence in this cohort. Of the 457 patients who were also screened for IgA deficiency (92%), 5 (1.1%) had low IgA levels.

Conclusion:
In this cohort of patients being evaluated for an ED, 0.8% had biopsy confirmed CD. This is similar to the reported prevalence in the general population, suggesting that routine screening of patients with EDs for CD is not indicated. We still need to be vigilant, however, for subtle symptoms that may indicate underlying CD in a small percentage of patients with EDs.
Barriers to disclosure of child maltreatment among school-going adolescent girls of a semi-urban area of Delhi, India
Authors: Daral Shailaja , Khokhar Anita , Pradhan Shishir Kumar 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The study examines the barriers to disclosure of child maltreatment among adolescent girls. Stratified random sampling was done among classes 7 to 12 of government girls’ schools of a semi-urban area of Delhi, and a total of 1060 adolescent girls participated. Almost 33% of victims of physical abuse, 50% of sexual abuse, 30% of emotional abuse, and 40% of neglect did not disclose their experiences to any support group. The most frequent confidante, in almost two-thirds of cases of all forms of abuse was a friend of the study participant. Among the study participants who did not disclose abuse, the most common reason for nondisclosure was a feeling of shame or embarrassment (40%–80% for physical abuse, 55%–80% for sexual abuse, and 55% for emotional abuse). Among the study participants who did not disclose neglect, 70% reported that they did not do so because they had no expectation of help from anyone.
External criticism by parents and obsessive beliefs in adolescents in Iran: the mediating role of emotional self-regulation
Authors: Halvaiepour Zohreh , Nosratabadi Mehdi , Khanzadeh Mostafa 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background:
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is considered to be a significant impairment in childhood and adolescence. According to cognitive theories, parents’ external criticism and emotional self-regulation are among the variables that can directly or indirectly affect obsessive beliefs.

Objective:
The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of emotional self-regulation in the relationship between parents’ external criticism and obsessive beliefs in adolescents.

Methods:
In this study, 547 high school students aged between 15 and 18 years were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. An obsessive beliefs questionnaire-child version (OBQ-CV), a self-regulatory orientations scale, and a perceived criticism questionnaire were used to collect data. Pearson’s correlation was used to investigate the relationship between the study variables. For analysis of the mediation model, structural equation modeling using the AMOS software was employed.

Results:
The fitness indices for the four-factor structure of the OBQ, two-factor structure of the emotional self-regulation instrument, and single-factor structure of parents’ external criticism were reported as favorable [root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)<0.1]. External criticism was associated only indirectly with obsessive beliefs through emotional self-regulation. The two variables of emotional self-regulation and external criticism explained 47% of the variance in obsessive beliefs.

Conclusion:
This study showed that self-regulation can mediate in the relationship between parents’ external criticism and obsessive beliefs in adolescents that could have implications for parents’ behaviors and positive emotional regulatory processes. In order to identify other potential mechanisms of parents’ criticism on obsessive beliefs, further studies are necessary, especially in clinical samples.
General university requirements and holistic development in university students in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The General University Requirements (GUR) at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) is an integral part of the new 4-year undergraduate curriculum which attempts to promote holistic student development. To evaluate the effectiveness of the GUR, a study adopting a static group comparison design was conducted, with a sample of Year 3 PolyU students studied in the 4-year undergraduate degree program (n=566) compared with a control Year 3 sample recruited from a comparable university in Hong Kong (n=285). The students in both samples responded to measures on empathy, positive youth development, and engagement in university study. Results showed that although both groups basically did not differ in the major background demographic variables, PolyU students performed better than did the students of the control group on measures of holistic development. Bearing in mind the intrinsic problems of the static comparison group design, the present findings provide support for the effectiveness of the GUR at PolyU.
The impact of 3-year and 4-year undergraduate programs on university students: the case of Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The undergraduate curriculum structure in Hong Kong was changed from 3 years to 4 years starting from the 2012–2013 school year, with the extra year of study primarily devoted to general education study. At The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), the General University Requirements (GUR) has been designed in response to this change. In this study, the question of whether the development of students in the 4-year program was better than that of the 3-year program was examined via a static group comparison design. The treatment group was Year 3 students of the 4-year undergraduate degree program (n=566) whereas the control group comprised Year 3 students of the 3-year degree program (n=290). Measures on empathy, positive youth development, and student engagement were used as indicators of student holistic development. While the mean age of students in the 3-year program was higher than that of the 4-year program, students in the 4-year program performed better than the students of the 3-year program on several indicators of desired graduate attributes. Bearing in mind the limitations of the static comparison group design, the present study provides support for the positive impact of GUR at PolyU on students of the 4-year undergraduate curriculum.
Evaluation of the general university requirements: what did students say?
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu , Chai Wen Yu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe General University Requirements (GUR) is the core general education component of the new 4-year undergraduate curriculum at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) commencing from the 2012/2013 academic year. The major objective of the GUR is to widen students’ horizons and promote their holistic development in their undergraduate years. To evaluate the perceived effectiveness of the GUR in its second year implementation, 18 focus group interviews (n=74 students) were conducted in the 2013/2014 academic year. Findings showed that subjects under the GUR framework were overall welcomed by students for the well-designed subject contents, dedicated teaching staff, and collaborative and experiential learning methods. Students perceived that the GUR was beneficial to their development in effective communication, critical thinking, problem solving, lifelong learning, and ethical leadership. Some challenges encountered by students were noted to further revamp the GUR curriculum in the future.
An update on therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacogenetic testing for the optimization of therapy with psychiatric medication
Authors: Rentsch Katharina M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring of psychiatric medication as well as pharmacogenetic testing is performed more and more frequently in numerous laboratories. In this review, a summary of the literature in the years 2011 and 2012 has been completed. The guidelines of the German AGNP (Association for Neuropsychopharmacology and Pharmacopsychiatry) contain all the information needed for the interpretation of drug concentrations. The determination of serotonin in urine could be a marker for the assessment of the response of antidepressants, and correlations between the occupancy of the target receptors in the brain and drug concentration have been established using positron emission tomography. The influence of age on drug concentrations has been controversially described, and additionally females have always showed a slower metabolism and higher serum concentrations. Several liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS multi-analyte procedures for the quantification of psychiatric medication have been described. All methods showed good validation data, but there have always been some compounds with less good validation results due to the fact that not all compounds of a multi-analyte procedure can be analyzed optimally. Pharmacogenetic testing is not routinely performed prior to the prescription of psychiatric medication. This relies, among other things, on missing large randomized trials and the absence of standardized analytical methods, which allow the identification of the whole genetic variability.
Translating Common Words
Authors: Goldingay John 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew, now complete, particularly helps one study common
words, both ordinary words and words with theological freight. Such study suggests some myopia in how
English translations render words such as ḥesed, ’āhēb, sānē’, yārē’, dāraš, biqqēš, ‘ebed, nāsā’, yĕšû‘āh,
mišpāt, and ṣĕdāqāh. The paper considers ways of translating some of these words and then considers
Isaiah 56:1. This example also points to the usefulness of keeping the same translation for a particular
word, to help readers perceive links within the text. There is thus a case for stepping back from recent
practice associated with dynamic equivalence.
Finanzialisierung als ‚Investifizierung‘: Innovationsarbeit und Portfolio-Arbeitsorganisation
Authors: Holst Hajo 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Anhand einer Intensivfallstudie in der Forschung & Entwicklung eines Automobilunternehmens untersucht der Beitrag die Folgen der Finanzialisierung für die Organisation von Innovationsarbeit in Nicht-Finanzunternehmen. Sichtbar werden die Konturen einer neuen Arbeitsorganisation, die von einem auf Dauer gestellten Einsatz externer Innovationsarbeitender und einer variablen Arbeitsteilung zwischen internen und externen Arbeitskräften gekennzeichnet wird. Mit Hilfe eines konventionensoziologischen Ansatzes wird gezeigt, dass die emergente Portfolio-Arbeitsorganisation auf einer neuen Taxonomie von Arbeit beruht, die wiederum in einer spezifischen Tiefenwirkung der Finanzialisierung verankert ist: der ‚Investifizierung‘ von Organisationsentscheidungen. Interne Entscheidungen werden zunehmend auch als Investitionen gerahmt und anhand ihrer Erträge bewertet. Für die Organisation der Innovationsarbeit heißt dies, dass von den Festangestellten nur noch jene Tätigkeiten verrichtet werden sollen, denen die Fähigkeit zugeschrieben wird, langfristig den Unternehmenswert zu vergrößern.
Aplicyanins – brominated natural marine products with superbasic character
Authors: Kostić Marina D. , Divac Vera M. , Alzoubi Basam M. , Puchta Ralph 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
By using quantum chemical methods (B3LYP/6-311+G(2df,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)), we investigated the structures of aplicyanin A, aplicyanin B, aplicyanin C, aplicyanin D, aplicyanin E, and aplicyanin F along with their protonated structures. The calculated gas phase proton affinities of aplicyanin A, aplicyanin C, and aplicyanin E are around –250 kcal mol−1 and therefore more than 10 kcal mol−1 higher as in typical proton sponges such as 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene. The compounds aplicyanin B, aplicyanin D, and aplicyanin F show reduced proton affinities of approximately –240 kcal mol−1 because of the acetyl group being conjugated with the imine N=C moiety. Nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations on the same level of theory do not show any peculiarities, and a reasonable correlation between the toxicity of aplicyanins and the gas phase proton affinity is not observed.
Lead flux crystal growth of Ce2Ru12P7
Authors: Niehaus Oliver , Hoffmann Rolf-Dieter , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Well-shaped needles of the metal-rich phosphide Ce2Ru12P7 were grown in a lead flux, while a polycrystalline sample became available through a ceramic route followed by arc-melting. Ce2Ru12P7 crystallizes with the hexagonal Zr2Fe12P7 type: P6̅, a = 940.7(2), c = 389.8(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0342, 1001 F
2 values and 45 variables. Striking structural motifs in the Ce2Ru12P7 structure are tri-capped trigonal prisms that are centered by the phosphorus atoms: P1@Ru7Ce2, P2@Ru7Ce2 and P3@Ru9. Adjacent prisms are condensed via common edges to propeller-like building units.
Schulbuchforschung interreligiös. Erfahrungen und Perspektiven
Authors: Lähnemann Johannes 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Based on the research project, “the representation of Christianity in textbooks of countries with an Islamic tradition”, the article describes experiences, possibilities and insights in the field of Interreligious Textbook Research and Development. Interreligious Textbook Research is of particular relevance in the face of sweeping generalisations, prejudice and stereotypes regarding other religions and cultures (“Islam is like this”, “the West is like that”) that were, and still are, to be found in school textbooks. Within the project discussions between scholars and education authorities in different countries have taken place. The main results are summarised in a proposal for a series of standards as possible guidelines for author teams and publishers, for education authorities and curriculum planners.
Sinus-Milieu-Studien: Viel genutzt, kaum hinterfragt
Authors: Ilg Wolfgang 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In the last years, the so called „Sinus-Milieus“ have become a popular way of targeting sociological groups for marketing purposes. In 2013, two Protestant churches in Southern Germany published the study “Brücken und Barrieren” (bridges and barriers) on the transitions from confirmation time towards an involvement in Christian youth work. For this study the Sinus Institute asked 72 teenagers in oral interviews about their views on values, faith and especially youth work.
The article develops a critical perspective on the empirical methodology of the Sinus Institute in general and in respect of a number of specific questions. The author points out that the lack of transparency in the work of the Sinus institute raises doubts about the scientific basis of this research. He recommends a more critical and scientific approach for further usages of the “Sinus Milieus”.
Religionslehrerbildung nach „Bologna“ – Erfahrungen aus Sachsen-Anhalt
Authors: Domsgen Michael , Witten Ulrike 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This article describes the process of modularization at the Martin-Luther-University of Halle, with a special view not only on formal requirements but also on the challenges posed by the increasing number of unchurched students. The modular structure of the course of studies is described and students’ evaluations of this structure are reported. Problems of the Bologna Process (switching universities, number of exams, increase of bureaucratic work, changing culture of studying) as well as advantages (cumulative examinations, electives) are shown.