bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Class Conscious, Color‐Blind: Examining the Dynamics of Food Access and the Justice Potential of Farmers Markets
Authors: Lambert‐Pennington Katherine , Hicks Kathryn 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlthough often intended to address injustices in food access, farmers markets tend to cater to affluent communities, and to exclude on the basis of race and class. One means of addressing this is federal subsidy programs, like the Senior Farmers Market Nutritional Program (SFMNP). We explore the dynamics of the SFMNP program in Memphis’ farmers market landscape in 2011. We examine the visible barriers experienced by SFMNP patrons to market access including delays in establishing the program in a largely African‐American neighborhood, and the more subtle barriers such as perceptions of more affluent markets as white spaces. We then explore some successful efforts to make these issues visible and address them, including activism on the part of seniors and public dialog in social media. Despite this, we find that ongoing resistance to acknowledging farmers markets as spaces of racial inequality continues to challenge their food justice potential.
Mechanisms, pools, and sites of spontaneous vesicle release at synapses of rod and cone photoreceptors
Authors: Cork Karlene M. , Van Hook Matthew J. , Thoreson Wallace B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPhotoreceptors have depolarized resting potentials that stimulate calcium‐dependent release continuously from a large vesicle pool but neurons can also release vesicles without stimulation. We characterized the Ca2+ dependence, vesicle pools, and release sites involved in spontaneous release at photoreceptor ribbon synapses. In whole‐cell recordings from light‐adapted horizontal cells (HCs) of tiger salamander retina, we detected miniature excitatory post‐synaptic currents (mEPSCs) when no stimulation was applied to promote exocytosis. Blocking Ca2+ influx by lowering extracellular Ca2+, by application of Cd2+ and other agents reduced the frequency of mEPSCs but did not eliminate them, indicating that mEPSCs can occur independently of Ca2+. We also measured release presynaptically from rods and cones by examining quantal glutamate transporter anion currents. Presynaptic quantal event frequency was reduced by Cd2+ or by increased intracellular Ca2+ buffering in rods, but not in cones, that were voltage clamped at −70 mV. By inhibiting the vesicle cycle with bafilomycin, we found the frequency of mEPSCs declined more rapidly than the amplitude of evoked excitatory post‐synaptic currents (EPSCs) suggesting a possible separation between vesicle pools in evoked and spontaneous exocytosis. We mapped sites of Ca2+‐independent release using total internal reflectance fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to visualize fusion of individual vesicles loaded with dextran‐conjugated pHrodo. Spontaneous release in rods occurred more frequently at non‐ribbon sites than evoked release events. The function of Ca2+‐independent spontaneous release at continuously active photoreceptor synapses remains unclear, but the low frequency of spontaneous quanta limits their impact on noise.
Individual neurons in the caudal fastigial oculomotor region convey information on both macro‐ and microsaccades
Authors: Sun Zongpeng , Junker Marc , Dicke Peter W. , Thier Peter 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that microsaccades, the small amplitude saccades made during fixation, are precisely controlled. Two lines of evidence suggest that the cerebellum plays a key role not only in improving the accuracy of macrosaccades but also of microsaccades. First, lesions of the fastigial oculomotor regions (FOR) cause horizontal dysmetria of both micro‐ and macrosaccades. Secondly, our previous work on Purkinje cell simple spikes in the oculomotor vermis (OV) has established qualitatively similar response preferences for these two groups of saccades. In this work, we investigated the control signals for micro‐ and macrosaccades in the FOR, the target of OV Purkinje cell axons. We found that the same FOR neurons discharged for micro‐ and macrosaccades. For both groups of saccades, FOR neurons exhibited very similar dependencies of their discharge strength on direction and amplitude and very similar burst onset time differences for ipsi‐ and contraversive saccades and, in both, response duration reflected saccade duration, at least at the population level. An intriguing characteristic of microsaccade‐related responses is that immediate pre‐saccadic firing rates decreased with distance to the target center, a pattern that strikingly parallels the eye position dependency of both microsaccade metrics and frequency, which may suggest a potential neural mechanism underlying the role of FOR in fixation. Irrespective of this specific consideration, our study supports the view that microsaccades and macrosaccades share the same cerebellar circuitry and, in general, further strengthens the notion of a microsaccade–macrosaccade continuum.
Adult microbiota‐deficient mice have distinct dendritic morphological changes: differential effects in the amygdala and hippocampus
Authors: Luczynski Pauline , Whelan Seán O. , O'Sullivan Colette , Clarke Gerard , Shanahan Fergus , Dinan Timothy G. , Cryan John F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIncreasing evidence implicates the microbiota in the regulation of brain and behaviour. Germ‐free mice (GF; microbiota deficient from birth) exhibit altered stress hormone signalling and anxiety‐like behaviours as well as deficits in social cognition. Although the mechanisms underlying the ability of the gut microbiota to influence stress responsivity and behaviour remain unknown, many lines of evidence point to the amygdala and hippocampus as likely targets. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if the volume and dendritic morphology of the amygdala and hippocampus differ in GF versus conventionally colonized (CC) mice. Volumetric estimates revealed significant amygdalar and hippocampal expansion in GF compared to CC mice. We also studied the effect of GF status on the level of single neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and ventral hippocampus. In the BLA, the aspiny interneurons and pyramidal neurons of GF mice exhibited dendritic hypertrophy. The BLA pyramidal neurons of GF mice had more thin, stubby and mushroom spines. In contrast, the ventral hippocampal pyramidal neurons of GF mice were shorter, less branched and had less stubby and mushroom spines. When compared to controls, dentate granule cells of GF mice were less branched but did not differ in spine density. These findings suggest that the microbiota is required for the normal gross morphology and ultrastructure of the amygdala and hippocampus and that this neural remodelling may contribute to the maladaptive stress responsivity and behavioural profile observed in GF mice.
The Ex‐dividend Day Behaviour of REITs: Tax or Market Microstructure Effects
Authors: John Kose , Mateti Ravi S. , Nguyen Duong , Vasudevan Gopala 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe examine the importance of the tax and microstructure theories in explaining the ex‐dividend day behaviour of US REIT stock prices in three tick size regimes − the 1/8th, 1/16th, and decimal eras. We present a new theory that shows how the tax and microstructure effects interact to produce the observed ex‐dividend day behaviour. Our theory also shows why in an era of a large tick size, as in the 1/8th era, the tax effects fail to get detected and the observed ex‐dividend day behaviour could be misinterpreted as resulting solely from the microstructure effects.
A Theoretical Model for the Term Structure of Corporate Credit based on Competitive Advantage
Authors: Rajaratnam Bala , Rajaratnam Kanshukan , Rajaratnam Myuran 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe derive the term structure of corporate credit based on the competitive advantage of a firm and the tax deductibility of its interest payments. We consider the competitive advantage enjoyed by the firm as the central tenet of our model and capture its eventual demise in a probabilistic manner. We compensate the bond holder for expected losses and then provide an additional spread based on the tax deductibility of interest payments. Our simple intuitive model appears to overcome some of the well‐known shortcomings of structural credit risk models.
A comparison of the effects of a 4% modified fluid gelatin and a 6% hydroxyethyl starch on haemodilution, colloid osmotic pressure, haemostasis and renal parameters in healthy ponies
Authors: Gratwick Z. , Viljoen A. , Page P. C. , Goddard A. , Fosgate G. T. , Lyle C. H. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryReasons for performing studyAdverse effects on renal health and haemostasis have been documented in human patients administered hydroxyethyl starches (HESs). Gelatins may represent useful substitutes should similar adverse effects be identified in horses.ObjectivesTo compare the effects of a 4% modified fluid gelatin (MFG) with a 6% (130/0.4)HESon haemodilution, colloid osmotic pressure (COP), haemostasis and renal parameters in healthy ponies.Study designRandomised crossover experiment.MethodsThree treatments (Treatment A: 10 ml/kg bwtHES; Treatment B: 10 ml/kg bwtMFG; Treatment C: 20 ml/kg bwtMFG) were administered to 6 healthy ponies with a 1 week washout period between treatments. Haematocrit, platelet count, total serum protein,COP, thromboelastography (TEG), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and fibrinogen concentration were measured at baseline and at multiple time points up to 24 h post‐infusion. Serum creatinine concentration, urine specific gravity (USG), urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC), urine γ‐glutamyltransferase:creatinine ratio (UGC) and urine sediment examination (USE) were performed before and at 24 h after each treatment, as well as at 1 week after the final treatment.ResultsAll treatments resulted in significant haemodilution and increases inCOP. Treatment C had a significantly greater effect on haematocrit than the other treatments. The platelet count decreased with all treatments and was significantly lower following Treatment C compared with Treatment B. No clinically relevant differences were observed in any of theTEGparameters within or between treatments. No significant differences inPT,aPTTor fibrinogen concentration were observed among treatments. Serum creatinine concentration,UPCandUGCdid not change significantly between pre‐ and post‐study measurements.USGandUSEremained within normal limits.ConclusionsModified fluid gelatin could be considered as an alternative toHESfor volume expansion and oncotic support. NeitherMFGnorHESwere associated with clinically significant adverse effects on haemostasis or renal parameters.
Mapping Urban Geographies of Food and Dietary Health: A Synthesized Framework
Authors: Pettygrove Margaret , Ghose Rina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper develops a theoretical and conceptual framework for research on urban geographies of food and dietary health. This framework conceptualizes urban dietary health inequities as produced relationally through multiscalar social, political, economic, and biological processes intersecting in place‐specific ways. It synthesizes perspectives from spatial analytical food access research, relational health geographies, political ecologies, and critical geographic information science (GIS). Recognizing the importance of relational, dynamic conceptions of both spatial context and human health, it suggests extending current approaches by integrating critical GIS methodologies for producing alternative spatial representations and political ecology's theorization of urban spaces as produced through the intersection of multiscalar social and ecological processes. Reflecting political ecological and critical GIS perspectives, it also emphasizes that (spatial) knowledge production processes materially impact urban environments and human health.
Exploring Georeferenced Mobile Phone Datasets – A Survey and Reference Framework
Authors: Yuan Yihong , Raubal Martin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNowadays, mobile phones and other information and communication technology (ICT) devices collect large numbers of measurements about their users. This review paper provides an overview of georeferenced mobile phone datasets by exploring and summarizing the metadata of multiple datasets based on a literature review. It also presents an abstract model to depict the connections of these datasets, serving as the basis for potential spatio‐temporal data mining and geographic knowledge discovery tasks. The summarized metadata table and proposed research topics can be applied as a reference framework to future studies in the area of mobile computing, geospatial data mining, and mobile data collection in the age of instant access.
Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and frailty: A population‐based, cross‐sectional study of Mexican older adults
Authors: Castrejón‐Pérez Roberto Carlos , Gutiérrez‐Robledo Luis Miguel , Cesari Matteo , Pérez‐Zepeda Mario Ulises 
Published: June 2016

AimChronic diseases are frequent in older adults, particularly hypertension and diabetes. The relationship between frailty and these two conditions is still unclear. The aim of the present analyses was to explore the association between frailty with diabetes and hypertension in Mexican older adults.MethodsAnalyses of the Mexican Health and Nutrition Survey, a cross‐sectional survey, are presented. Data on diabetes and hypertension were acquired along with associated conditions (time since diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, among others). A 36‐item frailty index was constructed and rescaled to z‐values (individual scores minus population mean divided by one standard deviation). Multiple linear regression models were carried out, adjusted for age and sex.ResultsFrom 7164 older adults, 54.8% were women, and their mean age was 70.6 years with a mean frailty index score of 0.175. The prevalence of diabetes was of 22.2%, and 37.3% for hypertension. An independent association between diabetes, hypertension or both conditions (coefficients 0.28, 0.4 and 0.63, respectively, P < 0.001) with frailty was found. Having any diabetic complication was significantly associated with frailty with a coefficient of 0.55 (95% CI 0.45–0.65, P < 0.001) in the adjusted model. The number of years since diagnosis was also associated with frailty for both conditions.ConclusionsDiabetes and hypertension are associated with frailty. In addition, an incremental association was found when both conditions were present or with worse associated features (any complication, more time since diagnosis). Frailty should be of particular concern in populations with a high prevalence of these conditions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 925–930.
Gremlin1 expression associates with serrated pathway and favourable prognosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Pelli Ari , Väyrynen Juha P , Klintrup Kai , Mäkelä Jyrki , Mäkinen Markus J , Tuomisto Anne , Karttunen Tuomo J 
Published: June 2016

AimsGremlin1 is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist with a suggested role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. We have analysed Gremlin1 protein expression in CRC and assessed its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics, including developmental pathway and prognosis.Methods and resultsMaterial included a non‐selected series of 148 surgically treated CRC cases. The tumour–node–metastasis (TNM) stage, histological grade and inflammatory infiltrate at the invasive margin were assessed, and tumours were classified to serrated or non‐serrated types. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate Gremlin1 expression. Prognosis (60‐month follow‐up) was analysed by Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox regression analysis. Gremlin1 expression was detected in epithelial cells both in normal mucosa and in carcinomas. Abundant expression in carcinomas associated with low TNM stage (P = 0.044), low histological grade (P = 0.044), serrated histology (P = 0.033 or P = 0.053 depending on the classification cut‐off) and intensive inflammatory infiltrate at the invasive margin (P = 0.044), and was a stage independent indicator of extended survival (P = 0.029).ConclusionsGremlin1 protein expression in CRC associates with low tumour stage and extended survival independently of tumour stage, suggesting that it represents a relevant prognostic indicator in CRC. High expression in carcinomas with serrated histology suggests a potential role for Gremlin1 in the serrated pathway of CRC.
Building professional competence in dental hygiene students through a community‐based practicum
Authors: Yoon MN , Compton SM 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesAs Canadians age, there is an increased need for oral health professionals specializing in services for this unique population. Dental hygiene students require exposure to this population to develop professional competencies. This study investigated the dimensions of professional competence that were developed through a practicum for dental hygiene students in long‐term care settings while working with older adults.MethodsNine dental hygiene students were recruited across two cohorts. All students completed reflective journals describing their practicum experiences. Five students also participated in an audio‐recorded focus group and completed a pre‐focus group questionnaire. Additionally, the practicum course coordinator completed an audio‐recorded interview. Transcripts and journals were coded using a constant comparative approach and themes were identified.ResultsStudents described developing client‐focused skills, such as effective verbal and non‐verbal communication with older adults with dementia. Context‐based learning was also a large part of the competency development for the practicum students. Understanding the care environment within which these residents lived helped students to understand and empathize why oral health may not be prioritized. Students also developed an understanding of the work of other health professionals in the settings and improved their abilities to communicate with other healthcare providers. However, students recognized that the utility of those interprofessional skills in private practice may be limited.ConclusionDental hygiene students developed personal and ethical competencies during practicum that are highly transferrable across professional settings. Exposure of students to older adult populations in long‐term care may increase the likelihood of dental hygienists working in this area.
Lollipop‐induced oral lichenoid reaction in a child
Authors: Bastos Daniela B. , Santos Ingrid S. , Valente Vitor B. , Biel Antônio Carlos O. , Felipini Renata C. , Biasoli Eder R. , Miyahara Glauco I. , Bernabé Daniel G. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundOral lichenoid reactions (OLRs) have been rarely reported in pediatric patients.Case ReportThis article reports an unusual case of a 15‐year‐old girl who had white plaques in tongue and buccal mucosa oral which initially were diagnosed as oral lichen planus (OLP). At first, the patient and her family denied systemic or local medication use. Biopsy was performed, and histopathological aspects were suggestive of OLP. Despite the attempt of treatment with topical corticoid, the lesions did not recede. Patient's behavior and medical history were again investigated and revealed that she had been using almost daily in her school an artificially colored and flavored lollipop. One week after removing lollipop use behavior, the oral lesions showed complete resolution and OLR diagnosis was defined.ConclusionThe present case denotes that OLR should be considered in the differential diagnosis of oral white plates in children and artificially colored sweets can be its causal agent.
A concept analysis of women's vulnerability during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period
Authors: Briscoe Lesley , Lavender Tina , McGowan Linda 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept of vulnerability associated with pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period.BackgroundThe concept of vulnerability during childbirth is complex and the term, ‘to be vulnerable’ frequently attains a vague application. Analysis about vulnerability is needed to guide policy, practice, education and research. Clarity around the concept has the potential to improve outcomes for women.DesignConcept analysis.Data sourcesSearches were conducted in CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, Psychinfo, MEDLINE, MIDIRS and ASSIA and limited to between January 2000 – June 2014. Data were collected over 12 months during 2014.MethodsThis concept analysis drew on Morse's qualitative methods.ResultsVulnerability during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period can be defined by three main attributes: (a) Threat; (b) Barrier; and (c) Repair. Key attributes have the potential to influence outcome for women. Inseparable sub‐attributes such as mother and baby attachment, the woman's free will and choice added a level of complexity about the concept.ConclusionThis concept analysis has clarified how the term vulnerability is currently understood and used in relation to pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period. Vulnerability should be viewed as a complex phenomenon rather than a singular concept. A ‘vulnerability journey plan’ has the potential to identify how reparative interventions may develop the woman's capacity for resilience and influence the degree of vulnerability experienced. Methodology based around complex theory should be explored in future work about vulnerability.
Rhodiola Inhibits Atrial Arrhythmogenesis in a Heart Failure Model
Authors: LIU SHUEN‐HSIN , HSIAO YA‐WEN , CHONG ERIC , SINGHAL RAHUL , FONG MAN‐CAI , TSAI YUNG‐NAN , HSU CHIAO‐PO , CHEN YAO‐CHANG , CHEN YI‐JEN , CHIOU CHUEN‐WANG , CHIANG SHUO‐JU , CHANG SHIH‐LIN , CHEN SHIH‐ANN 
Published: June 2016

Rhodiola Inhibits Atrial ArrhythmogenesisIntroductionRhodiola, a popular plant in Tibet, has been proven to decrease arrhythmia. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism and electrophysiological properties of rhodiola in the suppression of atrial fibrillation.MethodsThis study consisted of 3 groups as follows: Group 1: normal control rabbits (n = 5); Group 2: rabbits with heart failure (HF) created by coronary ligation and who received 2 weeks of water orally as a placebo (n = 5); and Group 3: rabbits with HF who received 2 weeks of a rhodiola 270 mg/kg/day treatment orally (n = 5). The monophasic action potential, histology, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis of ionic channels and PI3K/AKT/eNOS were examined.ResultsCompared with the HF group, attenuated atrial fibrosis (35.4 ± 17.4% vs. 16.9 ± 8.4%, P = 0.05) and improved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (51.6 ± 3.4% vs. 68.0 ± 0.5%, P = 0.001) were observed in the rhodiola group. The rhodiola group had a shorter ERP (85.3 ± 6.8 vs. 94.3 ± 1.2, P = 0.002), APD90 (89.3 ± 1.5 vs. 112.7 ± 0.7, P < 0.001) in the left atrium (LA), and decreased AF inducibility (0.90 ± 0.04 vs. 0.42 ± 0.04, P < 0.001) compared with the HF group. The mRNA expressions of Kv1.4, Kv1.5, Kv4.3, KvLQT1, Cav1.2, and SERCA2a in the HF LA were up‐regulated after rhodiola treatment. The rhodiola‐treated HF LA demonstrated higher mRNA expression of PI3K‐AKT compared with the HF group.ConclusionsRhodiola reversed LA electrical remodeling, attenuated atrial fibrosis and suppressed AF in rabbits with HF. The beneficial electrophysiological effect of rhodiola may be related to upregulation of Kv1.4, Kv1.5, Kv4.3, KvLQT1, Cav1.2, SERCA2a, and activation of PI3K/AKT signaling.