bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New progress of Grey System Theory in the new millennium
Authors: Liu Sifeng , Yang Yingjie , Xie Naiming , Forrest Jeffrey 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to summarize the progress in grey system research during 2000-2015, so as to present some important new concepts, models, methods and a new framework of grey system theory.

Design/methodology/approach
– The new thinking, new models and new methods of grey system theory and their applications are presented in this paper. It includes algorithm rules of grey numbers based on the “kernel” and the degree of greyness of grey numbers, the concept of general grey numbers, the synthesis axiom of degree of greyness of grey numbers and their operations; the general form of buffer operators of grey sequence operators; the four basic models of grey model GM(1,1), such as even GM, original difference GM, even difference GM, discrete GM and the suitable sequence type of each basic model, and suitable range of most used grey forecasting models; the similarity degree of grey incidences, the closeness degree of grey incidences and the three-dimensional absolute degree of grey incidence of grey incidence analysis models; the grey cluster model based on center-point and end-point mixed triangular whitenization functions; the multi-attribute intelligent grey target decision model, the two stages decision model with grey synthetic measure of grey decision models; grey game models, grey input-output models of grey combined models; and the problems of robust stability for grey stochastic time-delay systems of neutral type, distributed-delay type and neutral distributed-delay type of grey control, etc. And the new framework of grey system theory is given as well.

Findings
– The problems which remain for further studying are discussed at the end of each section. The reader could know the general picture of research and developing trend of grey system theory from this paper.

Practical implications
– A lot of successful practical applications of the new models to solve various problems have been found in many different areas of natural science, social science and engineering, including spaceflight, civil aviation, information, metallurgy, machinery, petroleum, chemical industry, electrical power, electronics, light industries, energy resources, transportation, medicine, health, agriculture, forestry, geography, hydrology, seismology, meteorology, environment protection, architecture, behavioral science, management science, law, education, military science, etc. These practical applications have brought forward definite and noticeable social and economic benefits. It demonstrates a wide range of applicability of grey system theory, especially in the situation where the available information is incomplete and the collected data are inaccurate.

Originality/value
– The reader is given a general picture of grey systems theory as a new model system and a new framework for studying problems where partial information is known; especially for uncertain systems with few data points and poor information. The problems remaining for further studying are identified at the end of each section.
Similarity measures for diagnostic symptom evolution
Authors: Tabaszewski Maciej , Cempel Czeslaw 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The observed diagnostic symptoms are often characterized by local fluctuations of their values. Hence, instead of direct observation of symptoms it is worth observing their grey models and research similarity between life curves, which can enable to guess the nature of wear. The purpose of this paper is to find useful measures of similarity of diagnostics symptoms modeled by GM(1,1).

Design/methodology/approach
– Measures of similarity may be used to determine the character of wear of the diagnosed object by way of comparison with known examples, which have previously been obtained and identified. A methodology for creation of such comparisons based on pre-smoothing by means of a GM(1,1) model with rolling window has been proposed. The process of smoothing enables to eliminate local fluctuations of a symptom. Their existence makes it difficult to compare symptoms. Application of a rolling window enables in turn to map the symptom properly, which may be difficult in the case of relatively short period of accelerated wear and changes of symptom values. To compare the life curves it is also necessary to normalize the life curves, so that they are represented by the same number of measurements (compression or extension of the measure of operation).

Findings
– The paper concerns the similarity measures for symptom life curves obtained during vibration monitoring of fan mills working at a heat and power station. Similarity measures of symptoms were proposed and applied to the acquired data from the machines.

Practical implications
– The method of symptom modeling and life curve comparing can be used to discover type of wear of the machine and eventually estimation of the remaining useful life.

Originality/value
– The proposed method is very important for development of condition monitoring.
Top Managers' Academic Credentials and Firm Value
Authors: Joh Sung Wook , Jung Jin‐Young 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study investigates whether top management teams' (TMTs) academic credentials from prestigious universities can be a source of competitive advantage. We examine the academic backgrounds of 72,165 top managers in 590 non‐financial firms in South Korea from 1990 to 2006. We find that firms with a higher proportion of top managers from top universities have a higher Tobin's Q. Furthermore, this relation is stronger in challenging environments when firms face higher volatility, more growth opportunities, or financial distress, or when managers have greater discretionary power or are held accountable for their decisions. These results suggest that the effects of TMTs' human capital on firm value vary in the contexts of organizational and corporate environments. In short, our study suggests that education from elite schools is an important managerial attribute that contributes to performance.
Pyramid Establishment Resulting from Succession Motivation
Authors: Yang Dong Ryung 
Published: May 2016

AbstractI examine if a valuation method for unlisted firms adopted by the Korean inheritance tax code allows economic agents to counterplot and leads to the establishment of pyramids. The Korean inheritance tax code, adopting a weighted average of the net asset value of the most recent year (40%) and 3‐year average net income (60%) as firm value for inheritance taxation, implicitly leads controlling shareholders to vertically split or insert an intermediary to control subsidiaries, both of which yield pyramidal governance structure within family business groups. Inheriting unlisted firms via intermediaries reduces inheritance tax and its tax saving effect is maximized when intermediary firms are much smaller than subsidiaries.
Evaluation of morphological representative sample sizes for nanolayered polymer blends
Authors: BIRONEAU A. , DIRRENBERGER J. , SOLLOGOUB C. , MIQUELARD‐GARNIER G. , ROLAND S. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe size of representative microstructural samples obtained from atomic force microscopy is addressed in this paper. The case of an archetypal one‐dimensional nanolayered polymer blend is considered. Image analysis is performed on micrographs obtained through atomic force microscopy, yielding statistical data concerning morphological properties of the material. The variability in terms of microstructural morphology is due to the thermomechanical processing route. The statistical data is used in order to estimate sample size representativity, based on an asymptotic relationship relating the inherent point variance of the indicator function of one material phase to the statistical, size‐dependent, ensemble variance of the same function. From the study of nanolayered material systems, the statistical approach was found to be an effective mean for discriminating and characterizing multiple scales of heterogeneity.
Effect of Three Levels of Dietary Protein on Metabolic Phenotype of Healthy Individuals With 8 Weeks of Overfeeding
Authors: Bray George A. , Redman Leanne M. , de Jonge Lilian , Rood Jennifer , Smith Steven R. 
Published: May 2016

Context:
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and other metabolic changes that might be modified by overfeeding diets with different protein levels.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of overfeeding diets with 5%, 15%, or 25% energy from protein on insulin sensitivity and compartments of body fat in healthy men and women.

Methods:
Fifteen men and five women were overfed by approximately 40% for 56 days with 5% (low protein), 15% (normal protein), or 25% (high protein) protein diets. Insulin sensitivity was measured using a two-step insulin clamp at baseline and at 8 weeks. Body composition and fat distribution were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and multislice computed tomography scan and abdominal sc fat cell size was determined on osmium-fixed fat cells.

Setting:
This was an in-patient metabolic ward study.

Main Outcome Measures:
Insulin sensitivity and free fatty acids during low and high levels of insulin infusion before and after 8 weeks after overfeeding and changes in body fat distribution from computed tomography were measured.

Results:
Total body fat mass, fat-free mass (FFM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and deep sc fat all increased with overfeeding. FFM and intrahepatic lipid increased more on the high protein diet, whereas percentage BF and fasting free fatty acids (FFAs) increased more on the low protein diet. Baseline fat cell size predicted the increase in VAT and the magnitude of FFA suppression during the high-dose insulin clamp. Acute release of insulin at baseline predicted the increase in deep sc fat but not VAT. Fasting insulin and glucose increased with overfeeding, but glucose disposal as measured by the clamp was not changed. Suppression of FFAs was less complete during the high-dose insulin infusion after overfeeding.

Conclusion:
Eight weeks of overfeeding, which increased fat mass including expansion of visceral and deep sc tissues and intrahepatic lipid, increased fasting insulin and glucose, impaired the suppression of FFA but did not produce whole-body insulin resistance.
Closing gaps between open software and public data in a hackathon setting: User-centered software prototyping
Authors: Busby Ben , Lesko Matthew ,   August 2015 and January 2016 Hackathon participants, Federer Lisa 
Published: May 2016

In genomics, bioinformatics and other areas of data science, gaps exist between extant public datasets and the open-source software tools built by the community to analyze similar data types. The purpose of biological data science hackathons is to assemble groups of genomics or bioinformatics professionals and software developers to rapidly prototype software to address these gaps. The only two rules for the NCBI-assisted hackathons run so far are that 1) data either must be housed in public data repositories or be deposited to such repositories shortly after the hackathon’s conclusion, and 2) all software comprising the final pipeline must be open-source or open-use. Proposed topics, as well as suggested tools and approaches, are distributed to participants at the beginning of each hackathon and refined during the event. Software, scripts, and pipelines are developed and published on GitHub, a web service providing publicly available, free-usage tiers for collaborative software development. The code resulting from each hackathon is published at https://github.com/NCBI-Hackathons/ with separate directories or repositories for each team.
Can free open access resources strengthen knowledge-based emerging public health priorities, policies and programs in Africa?
Authors: Tambo Ernest , Madjou Ghislaine , Khayeka-Wandabwa Christopher , Tekwu Emmanuel N. , Olalubi Oluwasogo A. , Midzi Nicolas , Bengyella Louis , Adedeji Ahmed A. , Ngogang Jeanne Y. 
Published: May 2016

Tackling emerging epidemics and infectious diseases burden in Africa requires increasing unrestricted open access and free use or reuse of regional and global policies reforms as well as timely communication capabilities and strategies. Promoting, scaling up data and information sharing between African researchers and international partners are of vital importance in accelerating open access at no cost. Free Open Access (FOA) health data and information acceptability, uptake tactics and sustainable mechanisms are urgently needed. These are critical in establishing real time and effective knowledge or evidence-based translation, proven and validated approaches, strategies and tools to strengthen and revamp health systems. As such, early and timely access to needed emerging public health information is meant to be instrumental and valuable for policy-makers, implementers, care providers, researchers, health-related institutions and stakeholders including populations when guiding health financing, and planning contextual programs.
Preparation of prehydrolysis-TMPs with different severity factors and analysis of the pulps and byproducts
Authors: Lloyd John A. , Murton Karl D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThermomechanical pulps (TMPs) were prepared fromPinus radiataD. Don wood chips at pilot scale with application of different preheating severities. The hydrolysis products were separated at the compression screw feeding of the prehydrolysed chips into the refiner. Prehydrolysis of chips with steam at severity factor (SF) 3.5 reduced the refining energy (at 200 CSF freeness) by 36% when compared with the TMP control; however, the pulp quality was unacceptable. In contrast, pulps produced by SF 3.1 at 155°C have physical properties similar to the TMP control, but the energy saving is only 12%. Prehydrolysis darkens wood fibres making pulps unsuitable for printing and writing papers. However, it was demonstrated that the brightness may be recovered via conventional alkaline peroxide brightening. Pulp yield is lower but this disadvantage is offset by the availability of a pressate flow rich in hemicelluloses and hemicelluloses derived sugars in high concentrations that has good potential for conversion to new products. Impregnation of chips with citric acid (CA) during normal TMP processing was also investigated. Although refining energy was lower with CA treatment, the amount of extracted hemicelluloses was too small to be commercially useful. The prehydrolysis-TMP process may be of interest to financially constrained TMP mills provided that: (1) the process configuration is suitable for retrofitting an extended preheating stage with compression screw and (2) the extracted hemicelluloses can be converted to products of higher value than TMP.
Pre-enrolment screening reporting in randomized controlled trials from five pharmacology journals
Authors: Satpute Sachin M. , Mehta Manthan N. , Deshmukh Kiran , Paul Kumardeep B. 
Published: May 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background:</span></strong>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) when appropriately conducted and reported represent the gold standard in evidence based medicine. Various guidelines including <span lang="EN-US">the consolidated standards of reporting trials (</span>CONSORT 2010) recommend the reporting of the number of participants screened for potential recruitment. The aim of this study was to assess the reporting of pre-enrolment screening figure in randomized controlled trials from five pharmacology journals.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods:</span></strong>RCTs from the five pharmacology journals with descending order of impact factor i.e. The journal of clinical pharmacology (JCP), British journal of clinical pharmacology (BJCP), European journal of clinical pharmacology (EJCP), Journal of pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics (JPP) and Indian journal of pharmacology (IJP) published between January 2013 to December 2014 were reviewed using standardized criteria.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results:</span></strong>37 out of 174 (21.27%) did not report the number of participants screened prior to recruitment. From the 137 RCTs that reported this screening figure, 95,494 (46.30%, range: 41-60.60%) of the screened participants (2, 06,243) were subsequently enrolled. About 52.49% of those screened and not enrolled, did not meet inclusion criteria or met exclusion criteria and about 11.89% declined to participate in an RCT. </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> Thus, there was about 80% reporting of pre-enrolment screening figure in RCTs from five pharmacology journals which need further improvement. The practice of documenting pre-enrolment screening figure and associated exclusion reasons will help to plan appropriate recruitment strategies during protocol development.</span></p>
Vessel diameter and related hydraulic traits of 31 Eucalyptus species arrayed along a gradient of water availability
Authors: Pfautsch Sebastian , Macfarlane Craig , Harbusch Marco , Wesolowski Anita , Smith Renee , Boer Matthias , Tjoelker Mark G. , Reich Peter B. , Adams Mark A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present two comprehensive data sets that describe xylem vessel diameters and related sapwood traits for species of Eucalyptus from arid and semi‐arid woodlands and forests in Australia. Between 2009 and 2014, sapwood of mature trees was sampled in south‐western, south‐eastern and eastern Australia. One additional species was sampled from tropical north‐western Australia. The first data set describes samples collected from the basal stem section (130 cm above ground) of three individuals of 31 species of which eight species were replicated at sites that differed in climatic conditions. The second data set describes vessel characteristics of three trees from each of 10 species that were sampled at 8 m below the tree apex. The sampled trees of these 10 species are also part of the first data set. In total, we report diameters (D) for over 25 100 vessels, from 494 digital images taken from 117 trees. We also report vessel frequencies, void‐to‐wood ratios, sapwood densities and hydraulically weighted vessel diameters (Dh). Supporting data of the first data set include tree diameter at breast height (130 cm above ground), tree height, sample locations, and summary climate data. In this data set, diameter of individual vessels ranges from 10 to over 300 μm, and vessel frequency from 360 to 9070 vessels cm−2. Wood density ranges from 0.47 to 0.96 g cm−3. Void‐to‐wood ratio ranges from 6% to 27% and Dh ranges from 46 to 236 μm. Mean annual rainfall (P) at sample sites ranges from 246 to 2274 mm and FAO56 reference evaporation (E) from 777 to 2110 mm. The aridity index (E/P) ranges from 0.15 to 2.93 (dimensionless). Tree diameters range from 9 to 90 cm and tree heights range from 6 to 70 m. D and Dh in the second data set range from 11 to 271 and 68 to 205 μm, respectively. These datasets will make a valuable contribution to future continental‐scale and global‐scale studies of the relationship between xylem hydraulic architecture and climate. The data sets are unique in the sense that they are phylogenetically constrained, allowing in‐depth assessment of plasticity of hydraulic attributes within a single tree genus.
O PENSAMENTO DE WEBER SOBRE O TRABALHO NA ÉTICA PROTESTANTE E O ESPÍRITO DO CAPITALISMO
Authors: Moreira Gilson 
Published: May 2016

Tem-se observado na sociedade contemporânea certa preocupação quanto ao trabalho que indivíduos em suas respectivas classes sociais desempenham pelos seus ofícios ou funções, objetivando sua realização pessoal, prosperidade ou independência financeira. Para tanto, não medem esforços e se depreendem incansavelmente. Nesse afã, não se preocupam muito com a questão da ética que deve ser o princípio norteador de conduta do indivíduo na realização de seu trabalho. Entende-se que a religião é um dos principais instrumentos registrados na história da humanidade que mais a influencia provocando mudanças sociais, sobretudo no que diz respeito ao trabalho que segundo o pensamento de Weber o dogma e o sistema calvinista trouxeram grandes contribuições para o Ocidente. No presente artigo, na exposição desse assunto, observar-se-á como Weber concebe a relevância do trabalho que segundo ele em sua obra Ética Protestante e o Espírito do Capitalismo, o dogma ou a doutrina calvinista é o que melhor promove a dignidade, a ética e a importância do trabalho desenvolvido pelo indivíduo perante a sociedade, a partir do conceito de vocação que ele tem.Palavras-chave: Ética. Trabalho. Weber. Calvinista.Vocação.Predestinação.
CONFIANÇA: O FIO INVISÍVEL DA COEXISTÊNCIA
Authors: Almeida Edson Fernando 
Published: May 2016

Como é possível a experiência da confiança numa cultura da desconfiança e do medo? Qual é sentido da palavra confiança na arquitetura de uma cidade, de um país cujos muros são cada vez mais altos? A palavra confiança perdeu o seu significado nessa civilização que, não por acaso, tem sido chamada de civilização do medo? Contudo, não há coexistência humana sem a arte da confiança. A confiança é o fio invisível que sustenta a coexistência humana no mundo. Ela sustenta silenciosamente a vida e não deixa o ser humano sucumbir ao abismo do sem sentido.Palavras-chave: Confiança. Desconfiança. Conflitos.
TEOLOGIA PÚBLICA E ESTUDOS DA RELIGIÃO
Authors: Araújo João Dias de 
Published: May 2016

Sejam as minhas primeiras palavras as expressões de minha gratidão ao Deus da Vida e aos irmãos e irmãs da Eccclesia de Cristo pela alegria de estar comemorando, neste ano de 2012, os meus 60 anos de magistério teológico. Foi iniciado, em 1952, quando eu cursava o último ano do Curso de Bacharel em Teologia no SPS (Seminário Presbiteriano do Sul), em Campinas, SP, e que trabalhava, como auxiliar do pastor, Rev. Américo Justiniano Ribeiro, na Igreja Presbiteriana de Campinas. O Rev. Américo foi convidado para ser professor da nova Disciplina – Religião, no renomado Instituto de Educação Carlos Gomes de Campinas, da rede estadual de São Paulo. Como o pastor não tinha disponibilidade de tempo para atender ao convite, consultou o seu auxiliar, o seminarista de 22 anos que cursava o último ano de Teologia. Foi a primeira vez que eu dei aula de Teologia, oficialmente, isto é, como diz o povo, “com Carteira assinada” numa instituição oficial de ensino. Aquela primeira turma de Teologia tinha duas características que marcaram o resto da minha vida. 1ª) Era uma turma ecumênica porque era composta por cerca de 30 estudantes de Pedagogia que procediam das principais Igrejas Evangélicas de Campinas. As jovens normalistas tinham um jovem professor. Sendo uma turma ecumênica, as alunas estavam, sem saber que aquele professor, algumas décadas depois, ia fundar o ITEBA (Instituto Teológico Ecumênico da Bahia), na cidade do Salvador, e que ainda, no futuro, iria ensinar mais de 60 anos em instituições do ensino teológico, tanto protestantes como católicas. 2ª) Entre aquelas lindas normalistas o novo professor ia escolher uma delas para namorar, noivar e se casar e viver com ela até hoje.