bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programming Uncertain <T>hings
Authors: McKinley Kathryn S. 
Published: June 2016

Innovation flourishes with good abstractions. For instance, codification of the IEEE Floating Point standard in 1985 was critical to the subsequent success of scientific computing. Programming languages currently lack appropriate abstractions for uncertain data. Applications already use estimates from sensors, machine learning, big data, humans, and approximate algorithms, but most programming languages do not help developers address correctness, programmability, and optimization problems due to estimates.
To address these problems, we propose a new programming abstraction called Uncertain<T> embedded into languages, such as C#, C++, Java, Python, and JavaScript. Applications use familiar discrete operations for estimates with Uncertain<T>. Overloaded conditional operators specify hypothesis tests and applications use them to control false positives and negatives. A simple compositional operator expresses domain knowledge. We carefully restrict expressiveness such that we can build a runtime that implements correct statistical reasoning at conditionals. Our system relieves developers of the need to implement or deeply understand statistics. We demonstrate substantial programmability, correctness, and efficiency benefits of this programming model for GPS sensor navigation, approximate computing, machine learning, and xBox.
We encourage the community to develop and use abstractions for estimates.
Genomic EWSR1 Fusion Sequence as Highly Sensitive and Dynamic Plasma Tumor Marker in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Krumbholz Manuela , Hellberg Julia , Steif Benedikt , Bäuerle Tobias , Gillmann Clarissa , Fritscher Torsten , Agaimy Abbas , Frey Benjamin , Juengert Joerg , Wardelmann Eva , Hartmann Wolfgang , Juergens Heribert , Dirksen Uta , Metzler Markus 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Purpose: The application of the tumor-specific genomic fusion sequence as noninvasive biomarker for therapy monitoring in Ewing sarcoma (EwS) has been evaluated.
Experimental Design: EwS xenograft mouse models were used to explore detectability in small plasma volumes and correlation of genomic EWSR1-FLI1 copy numbers with tumor burden. Furthermore, 234 blood samples from 20 EwS patients were analyzed before and during multimodal treatment. EWSR1 fusion sequence levels in patients' plasma were quantified using droplet digital PCR and compared with tumor volumes calculated from MRI or CT imaging studies.
Results: Kinetics of EWSR1 fusion sequence copy numbers in the plasma are correlated with changes of the tumor volume in patients with localized and metastatic disease. The majority of patients showed a fast reduction of cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) during initial chemotherapy. Recurrence of increasing ctDNA levels signalized relapse development.
Conclusions: Genomic fusion sequences represent promising noninvasive biomarkers for improved therapy monitoring in EwS. Until now, response assessment is largely based on MRI and CT imaging, implying restrictions on closely repeated performance and limitations on the differentiation between vital tumor and reactive stromal tissue. Particularly in patients with prognostic unfavorable disseminated disease, ctDNA is a valuable addition for the assessment of therapy response. Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4356–65. ©2016 AACR.
Differential Effect of White-Matter Lesions and Covert Brain Infarcts on the Risk of Ischemic Stroke and Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Kaffashian Sara , Tzourio Christophe , Zhu Yi-Cheng , Mazoyer Bernard , Debette Stéphanie 
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose—
We examined the association of white-matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume and covert brain infarcts, which are the 2 major magnetic resonance imaging markers of covert cerebrovascular disease in older adults, with long-term risk of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the general population.

Methods—
Participants were 1731 individuals aged ≥65 years from the Three-City Dijon study. We studied the association of WMH volume and brain infarct, with incident ischemic stroke overall, and by subtype, and with incident ICH.

Results—
High total, periventricular, and deep WMHs were associated with incident ICH. Extensive periventricular WMH volume was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–3.35), particularly cardioembolic stroke. Covert brain infarcts were associated with incident ICH but not with incident ischemic stroke or its subtypes.

Conclusions—
Although of ischemic nature, both WMH volume and covert brain infarcts portend a major risk of ICH. If confirmed in independent studies, these findings could have important implications for the clinical management of covert vascular brain lesions.
The genus Hylaeus Fabricius in Mongolia, an updated species inventory (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Colletidae)
Authors: DATHE HOLGER H. , PROSHCHALYKIN MAXIM YU. 
Published: June 2016

Since the last inventory of Hylaeus species of Mongolia (Dathe 1986a) extensive new collections have been evaluated. An updated checklist of 38 species of Hylaeus so far known from Mongolia is provided, with comments on their biogeographical assignment. Two new species, Hylaeus (Hylaeus) kozlovi sp. n. and Hylaeus (Hylaeus) mellon sp. n., are described. Hylaeus albitarsis Morawitz, 1887 (= H. fuliginosus Warncke, 1972) has been ascertained as a synonym of Hylaeus (Hylaeus) pusillus (Warncke, 1972). The following nine known species are newly recorded from Mongolia: H. (Dentigera) pallidicornis Morawitz, 1876, H. (Hylaeus) aborigensis Dathe, 1994, H. (Hylaeus) angustatus (Schenck, 1861), H. (Hylaeus) fedtschenkoi (Cockerell, 1906), H. (Hylaeus) oblitus (Warncke, 1972), H. (Hylaeus) vulgaris Morawitz, 1876, H. (Lambdopsis) pfankuchi (Alfken, 1919), H. (Nesoprosopis) pectoralis Förster, 1871, H. (Patagiata) nigrocuneatus Cockerell, 1924.
Relationship between Summertime Intraseasonal Oscillations and Submonthly Wave Patterns under Meridional Periodic Fluctuations
Authors: Ko Ken-Chung , Liu Jyun-Hong 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this study, submonthly wave patterns under the periodically fluctuating Japan–South China Sea (JSCS) pattern were separated into intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) westerly and easterly phases. The composite results showed that the wave patterns in the westerly JSCS high and low phases were more effectively organized and situated in a more intense monsoon trough than their counterparts in the easterly phase. Tropical cyclones (TCs) tended to occur over cyclonic systems of the wave patterns where minimal vertical shear axes were also located. More TCs formed in the westerly JSCS phases near areas where maximal moisture convergence was located. Taiwan experienced heavier rainfall during the westerly JSCS phases because the ISO enhanced the monsoon troughs for the cyclonic system of the wave pattern to develop near Taiwan in the westerly JSCS high phase. Additionally, in the westerly JSCS low phase, a stronger southeasterly mean flow generated by the ISO steered the wave pattern and TCs farther west and thus closer to Taiwan. Therefore, the ISO influenced the mean state circulation systems and then steered TCs and the wave patterns to affect Taiwan’s weather.
Bio-inspired strategies for designing antifouling biomaterials
Authors: Damodaran Vinod B. , Murthy N. Sanjeeva 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Contamination of biomedical devices in a biological medium, biofouling, is a major cause of infection and is entirely avoidable. This mini-review will coherently present the broad range of antifouling strategies, germicidal, preventive and cleaning using one or more of biological, chemical and physical techniques. These techniques will be discussed from the point of view of their ability to inhibit protein adsorption, usually the first step that eventually leads to fouling. Many of these approaches draw their inspiration from nature, such as emulating the nitric oxide production in endothelium, use of peptoids that mimic protein repellant peptides, zwitterionic functionalities found in membrane structures, and catechol functionalities used by mussel to immobilize poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). More intriguing are the physical modifications, creation of micropatterns on the surface to control the hydration layer, making them either superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic. This has led to technologies that emulate the texture of shark skin, and the superhyprophobicity of self-cleaning textures found in lotus leaves. The mechanism of antifouling in each of these methods is described, and implementation of these ideas is illustrated with examples in a way that could be adapted to prevent infection in medical devices.
Analysis of trends in adolescent suicides and accidental deaths in England and Wales, 1972–2011
Authors: Redmore James , Kipping Ruth , Trickey Adam , May Margaret T. , Gunnell David 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundPrevious analyses of adolescent suicides in England and Wales have focused on short time periods.AimsTo investigate trends in suicide and accidental deaths in adolescents between 1972 and 2011.MethodTime trend analysis of rates of suicides and deaths from accidental poisoning and hanging in 10- to 19-year-olds by age, gender and deprivation. Rate ratios were estimated for 1982–1991, 1992–2001 and 2002–2011 with 1972–1981 as comparator.ResultsSuicide rates have remained stable in 10- to 14-year-olds, with strong evidence for a reduction in accidental deaths. In males aged 15–19, suicide rates peaked in 2001 before declining. Suicide by hanging is the most common method of suicide. Rates were higher in males and in 15- to 19-year-olds living in more deprived areas.ConclusionsSuicide rates in adolescents are at their lowest since the early 1970s with no clear evidence that changes in coroners' practices underlie this trend.
Prevalence and treatment of common mental disorders in the English national population, 1993–2007
Authors: Spiers Nicola , Qassem Tarik , Bebbington Paul , McManus Sally , King Michael , Jenkins Rachel , Meltzer Howard , Brugha Traolach S. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe National Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys include English cross-sectional household samples surveyed in 1993, 2000 and 2007.AimsTo evaluate frequency of common mental disorders (CMDs), service contact and treatment.MethodCommon mental disorders were identified with the Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised (CIS-R). Service contact and treatment were established in structured interviews.ResultsThere were 8615, 6126 and 5385 participants aged 16–64. Prevalence of CMDs was consistent (1993: 14.3%; 2000: 16.0%; 2007: 16.0%), as was past-year primary care physician contact for psychological problems (1993: 11.3%; 2000: 12.0%; 2007: 11.7%). Antidepressant receipt in people with CMDs more than doubled between 1993 (5.7%) and 2000 (14.5%), with little further increase by 2007 (15.9%). Psychological treatments increased in successive surveys. Many with CMDs received no treatment.ConclusionsReduction in prevalence did not follow increased treatment uptake, and may require universal public health measures together with individual pharmacological, psychological and computer-based interventions.
Pancrelipase treatment in a patient with the history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operation that developed resistant hypocalcemia secondary to total thyroidectomy
Authors: Baldane S , Ipekci SH , Kebapcilar L 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objective. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an independent risk factor for moderate hypocalcaemia and may lead to the development of resistant hypocalcaemia following thyroid surgery.

Subject and Results. A 35-year old female patient was referred to our hospital by her family physician for treatment of resistant hypocalcaemia. The patient underwent RYGB three years ago and a total thyroidectomy for a benign thyroid nodule one year ago. Calcitriol, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, and ergocalciferol therapeutic dosages were incremented. Despite dosage increments, the desired calcium levels were not achieved. In the sixth month after admission to our hospital, pancrelipase was added to patient’s treatment scheme. On the following visit, a good calcium increase had been achieved.

Conclusion. This report presents a case history of RYGB and resistant hypocalcaemia, which developed after thyroid surgery and positively responded to pancrelipase treatment.
Mean values of the Witten L-function for SU(2)
Authors: Min Jeongwon 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss mean values of some Witten L-functions with respect to the “character aspect”. In particular, we focus on the

SU
⁢

(
2
)

${\mathrm{SU}(2)}$

case. We prove that such mean values turn out to be 0, 1 or to diverge.
The regulation of FGF21 gene expression by metabolic factors and nutrients
Authors: Erickson Anjeza , Moreau Régis 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression is altered by a wide array of physiological, metabolic, and environmental factors. Among dietary factors, high dextrose, low protein, methionine restriction, short-chain fatty acids (butyric acid and lipoic acid), and all-trans-retinoic acid were repeatedly shown to induce FGF21 expression and circulating levels. These effects are usually more pronounced in liver or isolated hepatocytes than in adipose tissue or isolated fat cells. Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a key mediator of hepatic FGF21 expression and function, including the regulation of gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis, torpor, and growth inhibition, there is increasing evidence of PPARα-independent transactivation of the FGF21 gene by dietary molecules. FGF21 expression is believed to follow the circadian rhythm and be placed under the control of first order clock-controlled transcription factors, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) and nuclear receptors subfamily 1 group D (REV-ERBs), with FGF21 rhythm being anti-phase to REV-ERBs. Key metabolic hormones such as glucagon, insulin, and thyroid hormone have presumed or clearly demonstrated roles in regulating FGF21 transcription and secretion. The control of the FGF21 gene by glucagon and insulin appears more complex than first anticipated. Some discrepancies are noted and will need continued studies. The complexity in assessing the significance of FGF21 gene expression resides in the difficulty to ascertain (i) when transcription results in local or systemic increase of FGF21 protein; (ii) if FGF21 is among the first or second order genes upregulated by physiological, metabolic, and environmental stimuli, or merely an epiphenomenon; and (iii) whether FGF21 may have some adverse effects alongside beneficial outcomes.
An Analysis of the Performance of Genetic Programming for Realised Volatility Forecasting
Authors: Yin Zheng , O’Sullivan Conall , Brabazon Anthony 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Traditionally, the volatility of daily returns in financial markets is modeled autoregressively using a time-series of lagged information. These autoregressive models exploit stylised empirical properties of volatility such as strong persistence, mean reversion and asymmetric dependence on lagged returns. While these methods can produce good forecasts, the approach is in essence atheoretical as it provides no insight into the nature of the causal factors and how they affect volatility. Many plausible explanatory variables relating market conditions and volatility have been identified in various studies but despite the volume of research, we lack a clear theoretical framework that links these factors together. This setting of a theory-weak environment suggests a useful role for powerful model induction methodologies such as Genetic Programming (GP). This study forecasts one-day ahead realised volatility (RV) using a GP methodology that incorporates information on market conditions including trading volume, number of transactions, bid-ask spread, average trading duration (waiting time between trades) and implied volatility. The forecasting performance from the evolved GP models is found to be significantly better than those numbers of benchmark forecasting models drawn from the finance literature, namely, the heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model, the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model, and a stepwise linear regression model (SR). Given the practical importance of improved forecasting performance for realised volatility this result is of significance for practitioners in financial markets.
Location of breeding warrens as indicators of habitat use by maras (Dolichotis patagonum) in Península Valdés, Argentina
Authors: Alonso Roldán Virginia , Baldi Ricardo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We characterized the habitat use by maras (Dolichotis patagonum) on a microhabitat scale in the area surrounding the warren, assessing the conditioning effect of the warren over space use and exploitation of other resources. We evaluated the relationships between the probability and intensity of use, habitat configuration and distance to the warren, counting feces along transects departing from each warren. Our results showed that the location of breeding warrens was positively associated with the habitat use by maras on a microhabitat scale. The core area of the annual activity of maras was concentrated around the warren and there was no evidence of alternative areas of activity. According to the fitted models, maras used microhabitats with a high proportion of bare soil and close to infrastructure elements. The spatial autocorrelation components indicated that intensively used patches are small and disperse. The patterns of habitat use observed in this study suggest that maras use multipurpose areas including the breeding site and resources needed throughout the year. These patterns suggest that warrens are good all year-round indicators of mara habitat use and spatial ecology.
Crystal structure of poly[(μ2-2,2′-benzene-1,2-diyldiacetato-κ2
O:O′), (μ2-1-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-κ2
N:N′)zinc(II)], C22H19N5O4Zn
Authors: Jing Liu , Di Wang , Ying-Ying Wu 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
C22H19N5O4Zn, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.9023(6) Å, b = 9.9553(7) Å, c = 13.2658(10) Å, α = 111.048(2)°, β = 96.277(2)°, γ = 105.763(2)°, V = 1027.58(13) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0371, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0896, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2-(4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione, C17H9BrN2O2S
Authors: Ghabbour Hazem A. , Kadi Adnan A. , El-Subbagh Hussein I. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
C17H9BrN2O2S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.2908(2) Å, b = 8.3281(2) Å, c = 16.1037(3) Å, β = 94.453(1)°, V = 1509.67(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0348, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1204, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly-[aqua-(2-carboxy-5-(3-carboxy-5-carboxylatophenoxy)benzoato-κO)(μ2-4,4′-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1,1′-biphenyl-κ2
N:N′)cobalt(II)], C34H24N4O10Co
Authors: Xia Wei , Liu Peng-Jun , Li Gui-Juan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
C34H24N4O10Co, triclinic, P1̅, a = 11.0862(19) Å, b = 11.770(2) Å, c = 12.370(2) Å, α = 83.124(2)°, β = 70.915(2)°, γ = 86.075(2)°, V = 1513.7(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0458, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1505, T = 293(2) K.
Sæcula Sæculorum: Missionary Ecclesiology
and the Church-World Relationship
Authors: Schlesinger Eugene R. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between church and world in order to provide a
theological basis for a missionary ecclesiology. From Vatican II’s Pastoral Constition on the Church in the
Modern World, Gaudium et spes, I establish that the church’s existence is interior to the world, interior to
the human project, and engaged in human history. The church world relationship is one of ontological
dependence and reciprocal influence. Latin American voices, especially Ignacio Ellacuría, Jon Sobrino,
and the CELAM conferences, provide this consideration with a greater attention to the concrete historical
conditions in which real women and men live. A recognition that mission arises from the demands of the
church’s catholicity, and an engagement with Ellacuría’s and Sobrino’s notion of the crucified peoples
as a site of encounter with Christ, reconfigures the missionary relationship. The church is not simply the
world’s benefactor, but is itself the beneficiary of the world.
Tolerance or Recognition? What Can We Expect?
Authors: Vainio Olli-Pekka , Visala Aku 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The last two decades have seen the (re)emergence of the concept of recognition in ethical and
political theory. Oftentimes, recognition is seen as a deeper, more developed version of tolerance, without
the problems that tolerance purportedly has. We should not “merely” tolerate different individuals,
identities and cultures, but recognize them, or so the argument goes. This move from tolerance to
recognition is not without its critics. We will outline some of these criticisms and address them with
the resources provided by the theory of recognition. We will suggest that while some of the criticisms
are unfounded, the move from tolerance to recognition has a number of problems that the critics have
correctly pointed out. The relationship between tolerance and recognition is complex: both have their
own aims and functions. We will suggest that there are cases–especially ones that involve deep moral
disagreements–where tolerance is a more reasonable aim than recognition.
Function + Loyalty: Theology Meets Skopos
Authors: Nord Christiane 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Bible translation is traditionally in the hands of theologians, whose focus is on the meaning
of the source text rather than on what modern readers are able to understand. This paper attempts to
show where translation theory, or more specifically, the Skopos theory of translation, may help Bible
translators to produce texts that “work” or “function” for the intended audience without betraying their
trust that they are reading God’s word in their own language. After a brief overview of the development of
Translation Studies, we shall take a quick look at some guiding principles of Bible translation, as explained
in prefaces of modern versions, before presenting the main ideas of Skopos theory and illustrating them
by a few examples from the New Testament. The conclusion will sum up the fundamental hypotheses of
the skopos-theoretical concept “Function + Loyalty.”