bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory longevity and competitiveness ofDacus ciliatusLoew (Diptera: Tephritidae) following sub-sterilizing gamma irradiation
Authors: Nemny-Lavy E. , Nestel D. , Rempoulakis P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe effect of a sub-sterilizing gamma radiation dose onDacus ciliatusadults was investigated to assess the suitability of the sterile insect technique (SIT) as an alternative method to control this pest. Late pupae (48 h prior to adult emergence) from a laboratory strain were irradiated with 120 Gy of gamma rays emitted by a60Co source. Following adult emergence, the mortality of irradiated and non-irradiated cohorts was recorded. Over a period of 50 days after emergence, no significant negative effects of irradiation upon the longevity of male or female laboratory flies were observed. A laboratory competitiveness study (Fried test), using irradiated laboratory and wild males at a ratio of 3:1 was conducted to assess the ability of irradiated males to reduce the egg hatch rates of a wild population. The overall competitiveness was found to be ca. 0.32, suggesting a reduced, but satisfactory, quality of irradiated laboratory as compared with wild males. Based on the above findings, we calculated and proposed effective male release ratios for field application of SIT againstD. ciliatus.
Understanding the Influence of Faith-Based Organizations on Education Policy in Alberta
Authors: Banack Clark 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecent media accounts suggest certain faith-based interest groups are increasingly pressuring provincial governments across Canada to ensure their views on education policy are acted upon. This paper offers a qualitative assessment of the policy influence possessed by faith-based groups active on the education file in Alberta and the factors responsible for this level of influence. Overall, such influence is not directly attributable to the group's size or resources nor can it be explained by the assumption that Alberta is overrun with religious citizens demanding socially conservative policies. Rather, the explanation is found in a more nuanced appreciation of the self-interested electoral calculations made by the long-governing Progressive Conservative party, on the one hand, as well as well as the party's long-running commitment to “school choice” on the other. This sentiment is intimately related to both the province's populist political culture as well as a broader ideological convergence around the principle of “free choice” in general, and the benefits of marketization in particular.
INTERACTION BETWEEN THE MANAGEMENT OF SOIL FERTILITY AND MACROFAUNA REDUCES RUNOFF ON A LIXISOL IN THE NORTH-SUDANIAN ZONE OF BURKINA FASO
Authors: OUEDRAOGO JEAN , OUEDRAOGO ELISÉE , TRAORE MAMADOU , YOUL SANSAN , NACRO HASSAN BISMARCK 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYA study that aims to assess the impact of the interaction between soil macrofauna and soil fertility management methods on runoff, was conducted in the north-sudanian zone of Burkina Faso on a Lixisol with an average slope of 1.5%. Runoff was measured using a runoff plot of 1.04 m2 and crop yields were measured on the effective area of the elementary plot. Biocide treatments used to control the population of macrofauna have eliminated 95% to 99% of soil macrofauna. Except for urea treatment, the results showed that the presence of macrofauna has led to the reduction of runoff in the other treatments. The absolute contribution of macrofauna to runoff varied between 24.58% and 30.74%. Runoff reduction was higher on soil management based on sorghum straw + urea (71.24% in 2008 and 78.80% in 2009) in the presence of soil macrofauna. We concluded that in cropping systems with low external inputs, stimulating the activity of macrofauna by burying material with high ratio of carbon to nitrogen reduces runoff and thus maintains the potential of farm land.
Valuing the health of the support worker in the aged care sector
Authors: GEORGE ESTHER , HALE LEIGH , ANGELO JENNIFER 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study explored aged care support workers’ perceptions of how their health was influenced by their job, highlighting similarities and differences of those working in community-based and institution-based care. Support workers working in two institution-based and three community-based aged care organisations were invited to participate. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with ten participants. Open-ended questions probed participants’ perceptions of their health as it related to their work. Data were analysed with the General Inductive Approach. Four central themes were identified, many of which related to mental, as opposed to physical health. ‘Love of the job’ described various sources of satisfaction for participants. These factors commonly overrode the negative aspects. ‘Stress’ encompassed the negative influences on all aspects of health. ‘Support’ described the positive influences on health, which supported participants in their job. ‘Physicality’ described the physical nature of the job and the positive and negative impact this had on participants’ health. Support workers perform numerous tasks, which often impact upon their health. Aspects of the job that may impact the health of the worker are improved communication and support from management, as well as recognition for support workers’ contribution to society. These could be targeted to enhance support worker health. Additional training and reduced time pressure may also represent aspects for improvement, to optimise support workers’ physical health.
Archaeology in the Sirte Basin: Preliminary Results of Mitigation Surveys carried out for Shell 2007–2009
Authors: LeQuesne Charles , Basell Laura S. , Sheibani Ramadan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper presents in summary form the results of three years of remote sensing and ground-truthing of archaeological sites falling within concession areas held by Shell Libya in the Sirte Basin. This area spans the frontier of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, ranging from Wadi ben Jawwad in the west to Ajdabiyah in the east and south to Jebel Zelten. The work was commissioned by Shell to inform them of archaeological sensitivities during their ongoing operations in the region. The results presented here include the identification of thousands of previously unknown sites of all periods, dating from the Lower Palaeolithic to the Second World War. Prehistoric discoveries include significant numbers of Middle Palaeolithic sites, particularly at Jebel Zelten, and large numbers of Pastoralist Neolithic sites in the coastal hinterland and on palaeoshorelines around sabkhas further north. Traces of Libyan tribes of the first millennium BC have been found in the form of large numbers of pastoralist desert campsites. Extensive evidence for Roman and late antique settlement has been found in the coastal hinterland on both sides of the Gulf of Sirte, as well as evidence for indigenous ‘long hut’ settlements along the desert fringe.
DMP IX: Summary Report on the Fourth Season of Excavations of the Burials and Identity team
Authors: Mattingly David , Abduli Hafed , Aburgheba Hamza , Ahmed Muftah , Esmaia Misbah Ali Ahmed , Baker Steve , Cole Franca , Fenwick Corisande , Rodriguez Mireya Gonzalez , Hobson Matthew , Khalaf Nadia , Lahr Marta , Leitch Victoria , Moussa Farès , Nikita Efthymia , Parker David , Radini Anita , Ray Nick , Savage Toby , Sterry Martin , Schörle Katia 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe fourth season of the Burials and Identity component of the Desert Migrations Project in 2010 focused on completion of excavation work at two main cemeteries (TAG001 and TAG012) and smaller-scale sampling work at a number of nearby cemeteries. The investigation of a number of burials in a semi-nucleated escarpment cemetery TAG063 produced interesting new information on Proto-Urban Garamantian funerary rites, dating to the latter centuries BC. The excavations at TAG001 were extended to two areas of the cemetery characterised by different burial types to the stepped tombs that were excavated in 2009. A second type of fairly monumental burial was identified, but these had been heavily robbed and it was not possible to demonstrate conclusively that these pre-dated the stepped tombs. Most of the other burials excavated were simple shaft burials and were relatively sparsely furnished with imported goods, in comparison with the larger tombs, though quite a lot of organic material was identified (matting, wood, gourds, textiles and leather). At TAG012, a series of additional mudbrick tombs was emptied. All had been robbed, but pockets of the original fill and associated finds survived intact, yielding some interesting assemblages. The majority of these tombs appear to be Late Garamantian, though some contained artefacts from much earlier times.
DMP XI: Preliminary results from 2010 fieldwork on the human prehistory in the Libyan Sahara
Authors: Lahr M. Mirazón , Foley Robert , Crivellaro Federica , Fernandez José Maillo , Wilshaw Alex , Purdon Adam , Halladay-Garrett Cornelius , Veldhuis Djuke , Mattingly David 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper reports on the results of the work of the Palaeo team of the DMP in January 2010. The fieldwork was focused on two different areas – the Wadi ash-Shati and the southwestern margin of the Ubari Sand Sea. Work in the Wadi ash-Shati confirmed the existence of Oldowan sites in Fazzan (locality SHT11 and environs), which although undated, represent a major addition to the extent of prehistoric occupation of the area. Further work near the site originally studied by Petit-Maire in the 1980s confirmed the association of a shell layer dated to the last interglacial with archaeological artefacts in situ. These artefacts are of MSA affinity, thus placing Fazzan in the context of other northern African sites of that time. The work in the southwestern margin of the basin represented the first formal archaeological survey of that area. This revealed extensive Holocene and MSA occupations, and in a group of sites at the southern edge of the Hamada Zaqher, also Oldowan lithics. Little if any Acheulean remains were observed, while the latter predominate in the interdunes just north of the Wadi al-Ajal. Overall, the spatial and technological analyses of the sites and remains suggest that there were different resource constraints on hominins in the Middle and later Quaternary, shaping the distribution of industries and raw materials. Furthermore, the relative widespread distribution of Oldowan sites – Wadi ash-Shati, southern Messak, and Hamada Zaqher, shows that the Central Sahara played an important role in the evolutionary geography of Lower Pleistocene hominins in Africa.
A Civic Decree from Benghazi
Authors: Reynolds J. M. 
Published: February 2016

Among the more striking finds made during the Society's excavations at Sidi Khrebish is the upper part of an inscribed marble stele which had been re-used, unfortunately with the inscribed face upwards, as a paving stone in the basilica. It is of white marble, probably from the Greek islands, slightly tapered towards the top, measuring 0·46 - 0·47 m. in width × 0·97 in height and 0·19 in depth. A very simple moulding runs round all four sides some 15 cms. from the top. It is chipped along all edges, badly worn on the face, especially in the central area, and pitted and cracked as well, especially in the lower part, probably by an attempt to break it up. A section of unknown size has in fact been hacked off at the bottom.The text is often hard to read and I am sure that more could be extracted from the worn areas with time and patience; but it seems desirable to offer a provisional publication as quickly as possible.
Architecture
Authors: Sear Frank 
Published: February 2016

Many interesting architectural fragments came to light during the excavation, but in few cases are they sufficient to give an overall picture of any one building. Some suggest stylistic links with Tolmeita, although the Berenice versions are generally coarser and smaller in scale. For example Berenice has produced several variants of the doorway in the East portico of the Roman Villa at Tolmeita, but the forms are simpler and the scale smaller. An arched doorway which led from the street into the ‘L’ peristyle is closely similar to ones at Tolmeita.Only the peristyle of ‘L’ can be confidently restored to its full height (Fig.3), but this building alone tells us a great deal about the character and influences of Berenice architecture. Built about 75 A.D. its order is Doric, for long a favourite in the province, and the columns are composed of two unfluted shaft drums and a capital cut from a separate block. No column is complete, but the fragments suggest a height of around 2.50 m. This only gives a lower diameter to height ratio of 1:6.5, but other elements too suggest that the building was rather squat. Above the columns is an architrave bearing a monumental inscription, and a frieze with triglyphs offset so that those over the columns could be carved from a single block instead of the normal two. To judge by the slots at the back of the frieze blocks the peristyle was roofed with wooden beams on which were laid poles or planking sealed with plaster or mud, a style which Wright terms “universal in the Near East during all ages”. After the building was abandoned the cornice blocks were dislodged so that the roof beams could be extracted, a demonstration of the scarcity of wood in the province. Good building stone was scarce too, as is shown by the widespread reuse of stone on the site and the extensive use of mud-brick. The back wall of the ‘L’ peristyle is stone-built to a height of about 1.30 m. and above that in courses of thin unbaked bricks whose dimensions conform to the wall thickness.
Excavations of a Kiln Site at Tocra Libya in August 1974
Authors: Riley J. A. 
Published: February 2016

It has been known since 1954 that a pottery kiln site is situated about 100 metres to the North West of the West Gate of Roman Tocra, in the area known locally as ‘Howa El-Faquar’ (Area of Potsherds).While looking for tombs in the East face of the small quarry in this area (see Fig.l), Wright discovered in 1954 part of a wastage dump from a kiln. The general direction of the tip lines led him to consider that one of the kilns was situated on a ‘small but salient mound’ (see Pl.1) nearby. He published a selection of pottery from the dump and, after some discussion, based on lamp evidence, he placed the date of the group at around A.D.100.As this area is now outside the area controlled by the Department of Antiquities and is being ploughed by local farmers, it was thought expedient to examine the area through limited excavation for several reasons. A date of around A.D.100 seemed too early in the light of a study of the coarse pottery from the recent excavation at Sidi Krebish in Benghazi: a late second or early third century A.D. date seemed more appropriate. It was hoped that further excavation at Tocra would shed more light on this. In addition, few kilns have been excavated anywhere in North Africa to date and the potential of the Tocra site for structural and organisational information about the pottery industry is very great. It was also considered an excellent opportunity to study in detail a large group of contemporary pottery and to quantify the relative proportions of the different types.Permission was kindly granted by Mr. Masoud Shagluf, Controller of Antiquities for Western Cyrenaica, and a two week excavation took place in August 1974.
The Topography of Libyan Sand Grains
Authors: Vita-Finzi Claudio 
Published: February 2016

The archaeological remains of Libya, prehistoric as well as Classical, have long served as guides to the age of the landscapes and deposits with which they are associated. To give a familiar example, the elevation of the ancient harbours of Apollonia and Lepcis Magna relative to present-day sea level is used in determining the extent of submergence or emergence since Antiquity. Other instances of archaeological dating may be found in the studies devoted to the Quaternary geology and geomorphology of Libya which were briefly reviewed in the Society's Fourth Annual Report (1972–3, pp.9–10). Hitherto, archaeological dating has been applied to substantial portions of the landscape in order to establish when they were formed, destroyed, deformed or displaced. It is now beginning to prove fruitful in investigating the history of individual sand grains, although still with the aim of evaluating gross environmental changes.The items whose age is here at issue are identified with the help of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), whose application to the study of quartz grains is primarily associated with the name of D. H. Krinsley of the City University of New York. The SEM allows grains to be examined at a wide range of magnifications with all the advantages to be gained from a great depth of focus. Plates 1–4 illustrate the kind of detail revealed by the SEM on grains from deposits in Wadi Ganima, Tripolitania.
Pottery and the History of Roman Tripolitania: Evidence from Sabratha and the UNESCO Libyan Valleys Survey
Authors: Dore J. N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article considers some of the ceramic evidence from Sabratha (the excavations of 1948-1951) and from the pre-desert to the south-east of the Gebel Gharian (the area of the UNESCO Libyan Valleys Survey). The association of fineware with different classes of site in the Valleys area is used to construct a chronological framework for settlement within the area. Some of the commoner coarseware types from Sabratha are illustrated and discussed.
Problems of Industrialisation in Libya since the Revolution
Authors: Bergs Rolf 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper deals with the Libyan industrialisation programme since the revolution in 1969. Although Libya is striving to achieve national development within the next 20 years on a par with other advanced ‘Newly Industrialising Countries', it seems that the declining oil prices and the decreasing income from foreign trade since 1981 is retarding the build-up significantly. The main problem is that the necessary foreign labour can no longer be financed. The annual growth rates achieved in industry since 1981 indicate virtual stagnation.
Rock Art and Archaeological Context: The Case of the Tadrart Acacus (Libya)
Authors: Barich Barbara E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIt is proposed that the problem of the relationships between prehistoric art and archaeological context should not be based upon specific examples, but rather upon a global consideration of the stratigraphic sequence known for any given area. This paper addresses this general problem, using the particular data provided by research in the Tadrart Acacus (Libya). The methods used in the field work and the sequence of occupation reconstructed for the entire region are presented. As a specific example, the site of Uan Muhuggiag in the Wadi Teshuinat is discussed. As a result of its deep stratigraphy it is possible to establish precise connections between different artistic ‘styles’ and particular cultural horizons.
Stratigraphic Relationships of Basalt Lava Flows to the Pleistocene Sedimentary Sequence of the Mizdah Region, Tripolitania, S.P.L.A.J.
Authors: Anketell J. M. , Ghellali S. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCalcreted debris flow breccias which form the lowermost Pleistocene deposits in the Hammadah Al Hamrah region are locally overlain by well cemented conglomerates of the Old Wadi Terraces. These are commonly capped by a younger, mature calcrete which is also found patchily developed on the Tertiary and Mesozoic limestone bedrock. Basalt lava flows rest either on an eroded surface in the conglomerates or directly on the debris flows; however, their relationship to the younger calcrete is rarely seen. In the area north-east of Mizdah a pre-younger calcrete age for the basalts is proposed on the basis of calcrete-filled fissures which invade the topmost part of the lava sequence. Similarity of the Mizdah sequence to that at Wadi Ghan in the Jabal Nafusah supports correlation of the conglomerates and basalt with Unit Q2 and the younger calcrete event with the upper calcrete of the Jifarah/Wadi Ghan areas. The calcreted breccia/debris flow deposits in turn correlate with Unit Q1 and the lower calcrete.
Relations between Libya, Tunisia and Malta up to the British Occupation of Malta
Authors: Joffé E. G. H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe conventional view is that Malta has been on the ‘forgotten frontier’ of Christian maritime resistance to Islamic expansionism since the Islamic invasions of North Africa in the seventh century. The limited archival and archeological evidence suggests that, up to the arrival of the Order of the Knights of St John of Jerusalem in Malta in 1530, this picture is not accurate. The Islamic occupation of the Maltese archipelago in 870 created a cosmopolitan Muslim society which persisted until the mid-thirteenth century, despite the Norman conquest of the region in 1090. Indeed, the formal end of Muslim society in Malta only came in 1224, as a side-result of the Hohenstauffen suppression of a Muslim rebellion in Sicily.Even under the Order of St John contacts with the Muslim world were far closer than is conventionally supposed. The Grand Master of the Order maintained close contacts with the Qaramanlis in Tripoli and the Beys of Tunis during the eighteenth century, despite the continuation of the corso. In reality, contacts had always existed and had been recognised as essential by the Holy See because Malta could not sustain its population once it had exceeded 10,000 persons. Sicily, the obvious source of supply, often exerted undesirable political pressure and the Barbary coast was the only other alternative. The main legacy of the close contacts between Malta and the North African Muslim world, however, is to be found, even today, in the Maltese language, which is really a Medieval variant of North African Arabic.
The Suq al Jum'ah Palaeowadi, an Example of a Plio-Quaternary Palaeo-valley from the Jabal Nafusah, Northwest Libya
Authors: Ghellali S. M. , Anketell J. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStudy of borehole data in the foothill region of the Jabal Nafusah shows that the Suq al Jum'ah palaeowadi, which cuts the jabal east of Gharyan, comprised a major drainage channel which extended in the subsurface far out from the jabal into the southern part of the Jifarah Plain. The channel is filled with sands and gravels. Basalt lava flows, channelled along the valley in outcrop for 36 km, extend for a further 48 km in the subsurface. The palaeowadi was possibly initiated in the Pliocene and appears to have been completely filled and abandoned by the end of the Pleistocene. During Holocene rejuvenation of the drainage system, the Wadi al Majanin developed as the major wadi in the region. It did not, however, excavate the palaeowadi but instead followed a different but roughly parallel northward trend.