bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the relative effects of connectivity and coupling interactions on spin networks emulating the D-Wave 2000Q quantum annealer
Authors: Park Jessica , Stepney Susan , D’Amico Irene 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFrom available data, we show strong positive spatial correlations in the qubits of a D-Wave 2000Q quantum annealing chip that are connected to qubits outside their own unit cell. Then, by simulating the dynamics of three different spin networks and two different initial conditions, we then show that correlation between nodes is affected by a number of factors. The different connectivity of qubits within the network means that information transfer is not straightforward even when all the qubit-qubit couplings have equal weighting. Connected nodes behave even more dissimilarly when the couplings’ strength is scaled according to the physical length of the connections (here to simulate dipole-dipole interactions). This highlights the importance of understanding the architectural features and potentially unprogrammed interactions/connections that can divert the performance of a quantum system away from the idealised model of identical qubits and couplings across the chip.
Family background, education, and earnings: the limited value of “test-score transmission”
Authors: Friedman-Sokuler Naomi , Justman Moshe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between the inter-generational transmission of educational achievement (“test-score transmission”) and the inter-generational transmission of higher earnings (“income transmission”). We use administrative data from Israel to track the evolution of education and earnings gaps between “second-generation” (SG) students, whose parents have some tertiary education, and “first-generation” (FG) students, whose parents have none. We find that SG students achieve much better results on the screening tests that regulate access to selective tertiary education than FG students with similar eighth-grade test scores. Consequently, they enjoy greater access to the most selective tertiary degree programs, crowding out FG students with higher eighth-grade achievement. Yet this advantage does not manifest itself in earnings differentials at age 29, similarly conditioned on eighth-grade achievement, which are not statistically significant, and we find no evidence that these patterns are driven by SG students choosing study fields with steeper earnings curves. We find evidence of two mechanisms that mediate the relationship between achievement gains and earnings: FG students compensate for fewer options in tertiary education by accumulating more labor market experience; and SG students are more likely to forgo higher earnings for non-pecuniary benefits in employment, particularly by choosing public-sector employment.
Projected trends in ecosystem service valuation in response to land use land cover dynamics in Kishtwar High Altitude National Park, India
Authors: Lahon Durlov , Meraj Gowhar , Hashimoto Shizuka , Debnath Jatan , Baba Abid Muslim , Farooq Majid , Islam Md. Nazrul , Singh Suraj Kumar , Kumar Pankaj , Kanga Shruti , Chandan Pankaj , Sharma Sanjeev , Sahariah Dhrubajyoti 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In an era where global biodiversity hotspots are under unprecedented threat, understanding the intricate balance between land use land cover (LULC) changes and their implications on ecosystem services value (ESV) becomes paramount. The region of Jammu and Kashmir, with its distinctive ecological importance, is well known for these challenges and opportunities. This region embodies various conservation reserves and national parks, and one of the most ecologically rich is called Kishtwar High Altitude National Park. It is often considered an example of biodiversity richness in the Indian subcontinent, as it protects a myriad of species and provides essential ecosystem services. However, despite its significance, it faces pressures from both peripheral human activities, such as seasonal grazing by nomadic communities and broader climatic changes. This study aims to investigate the complex relationship between these LULC shifts and their consequent effects on the park’s ESV. We used the cellular automata (CA)–Markov model to simulate the LULC for the future. Using the LULC from 1992 to 2020 and projecting for 2030, 2040, and 2050, we employed the global value coefficient method to understand the ESV contributions of different LULC types. Our results revealed a 7.43% increase in ESV from 1992 to 2020, largely due to the increase of forests and waterbodies. In contrast, our projections for 2020 to 2050 intimate a 7.55% decline in ESV, even amidst anticipated grassland expansion. These results highlight the role of forests in securing resilient ecosystem services. These findings shall help offer informed conservation strategies, that are relevant both regionally and globally.
Neurotoxicity, Cytotoxicity, and Genotoxicity of Phyto-radio Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles in Culex pipiens Complex
Authors: Awad H. H. , Abulyazid I. , El-Kholy E. M. S. , Mohammed H. S. , Abdelhakim H. K. , Fadl A. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEffective mosquito management strategies are crucial to minimize the number of mosquito-borne diseases. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are promising in mosquito control because they are effective and eco-friendly rather than synthetic insecticides. The current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of SeNPs on the detoxification enzymes, acetylcholine esterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and α-carboxyl esterase (α-CarE), in larval instars of Culex pipiens complex at the LC50 concentration. In 3rd instar larvae treated with microwave-assisted selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs-MW) and gamma-assisted selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs-G), it was found that AChE activity was significantly inhibited. On the other hand, significant increases in GST and α-CarE activities were observed. Additionally, genotoxic and ultrastructure studies of midgut epithelial cells in 3rd instar larvae revealed DNA damage and cell lysis, including destruction of the cell membrane, microvilli, and nuclei. These findings suggest that SeNPs have an adverse effect on AChE gene expression, resulting in its downregulation. This downregulation can be attributed to the formation of reactive oxygen species induced by SeNPs that can modulate the host defense mechanism leading to apoptosis and subsequent larval mortality. The present study was the first to use phyto-microwave-assisted and gamma-assisted synthesis of SeNPs which provides an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution to reduce the risk of chemical insecticides. Furthermore, an integrated pest management program (IPM) using nanocides can be successfully developed for mosquito control.
Pilot evaluation of an innovative school-based mental health literacy program for teachers and students: The Decode Mental Health and Wellbeing Program
Authors: Habgood Emily , Gandhi Sarthak , Smith Rachel , Hearps Stephen , Hiscock Harriet , Oberklaid Frank , Raniti Monika , Darling Simone 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMental health literacy interventions in school settings are growing in number and scope, yet challenges in user engagement and real-world implementation persist. The Decode Mental Health and Wellbeing Program (Decode) is a novel and innovative mental health literacy program for teachers and students that harnesses the power of social media platform-style content delivery and lived experience influencers to engage young people. Using a multi-site, multi-informant, pre-post cohort study design over a 4-week implementation period, Decode was evaluated in five Victorian government and Catholic primary and secondary schools (years 5–8) in Victoria, Australia. Data collected using surveys (teacher n = 14, student n = 159) and focus groups/interviews (teacher n = 14, student n = 41) provided insights into the program’s feasibility (acceptability, implementation) and impact. Findings indicated that Decode was acceptable to both teachers (86%) and students (67%), with strong endorsement of the program’s relatability, engagement, and appropriateness. The program led to improvements in student and teacher mental health literacy including knowledge of help-seeking strategies, reductions in stigma, and improved teacher-observed student mental health and wellbeing. Implementation challenges were related to timetabling of course lessons and difficulties with teachers’ use of the platform hosting Decode. Ultimately, Decode shows promise as an effective intervention for bridging the gap between evidence-based mental health content and student engagement, though further work is needed to optimise its delivery and assess its long-term effects.
Characterization of the Hyperbolic Step of Parabolic Functions
Authors: Contreras Manuel D. , Cruz-Zamorano Francisco J. , Rodríguez-Piazza Luis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA classical problem in complex dynamics on hyperbolic domains is to characterize the hyperbolic step of parabolic functions. This topic has been studied by several authors, leading to different results and providing characterizations that depend on the behaviour of the iterates of such functions. In this work we provide new characterizations in terms of intrinsic properties of the functions.
A comparative study on microstructure and mechanical properties of 17-4PH processed by a laser powder bed fusion vs rolling process
Authors: Sghaier Thabet A. M. , Sahlaoui Habib , Mabrouki Tarek , Sallem Haifa , Rech Joël 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study provides a comprehensive benchmark comparison of microstructure, mechanical properties, and their evolution during subsequent heat treatment of 17-4PH Martensitic stainless steel (MSS) processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and its commercially rolled counterparts. The results reveal that LPBF samples exhibit a finer martensitic microstructure with presence of structural defects, pores, and some non-metallic inclusions randomly distributed at the grain boundaries and within the grains and an almost absence of austenite, compared to rolled samples. Additionally, after identical heat treatment, LPBF samples maintain a relatively unchanged microstructure while aging of rolled samples leads to a reduction in martensite in favor of austenite and Cu- and Si-rich precipitates. The LPBF samples demonstrate slightly elevated hardness (HV0.5 + 20%), mechanical strength (UTS + 15%) compared to rolled ones. Nevertheless, LPBF samples display a distinct behavior, characterized by abrupt fracture and reduced elongation at failure (El% max. 4% vs. 17.5%). Specifically, failure in LPBF samples is attributed to cleavage and cavities’ coalescence contrasting with the progressive failure mechanism observed in rolling ones driven by plasticity and damage evolution. Furthermore, the impact resistance of LPBF samples is notably weak (K max. 12.5 J/cm2 vs. 155 J/cm2), which is likely caused by macro- and microstructural defects generated by the LPBF process and the nucleation of harmful precipitates. The study proposes that the ductility of LPBF samples could be improved by implementing appropriate heat treatment and reducing defects through parameter optimization and by specific thermal cycle control during the LPBF process.
The Troubling Influence and Impact of the UK’s Modern Slavery Agenda on Caribbean Anti-Trafficking Law and Practice
Authors: Haynes Jason 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough the England and Wales Modern Slavery Act (MSA) has been heralded a landmark statute with the potential to influence anti-trafficking developments globally, its impact on the Commonwealth Caribbean has not been as profound or positive as one might have imagined, notwithstanding the longstanding relationship between the UK and the Caribbean. This article explains that the UK’s framing of exploitation as ‘modern slavery’ does not sit well with the Caribbean, whose history is characterised by the transatlantic slave trade and slavery. It contends that, instead, it is the United States Trafficking Victims Protection Act that has had a more significant and enduring impact on Caribbean anti-trafficking law and practice, in part due to its imperialist and exceptionalist nature. That said, there are some areas where Caribbean anti-trafficking legislation and the MSA overlap. Through an examination of UK case law, this article demonstrates that the narrow interpretation of the non-punishment provision adopted by British courts has had a tangible, and, indeed, negative impact on Caribbean victims of trafficking. It concludes by cautioning that transplantation of the British ‘modern slavery’ agenda to the Caribbean must necessarily be approached with utmost caution.
Suicidal ideation and mental illnesses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada
Authors: Dopko Raelyne , Liu Li , Contreras Gisèle 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The presence of a mental illness is a known risk factor for suicide mortality and other suicide-related behaviours, including suicidal ideation. We examined prevalence of mental illnesses among adults with and without suicidal ideation in Canada during the pandemic.

Data and methods
We used pooled data from the 2020, 2021, & 2023 Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health to estimate the prevalence of moderate to severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder among adults who reported suicidal ideation, compared to those who did not report suicidal ideation. We also conducted the analyses across sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 pandemic-related experiences.

Results
Among adults in Canada who reported suicidal ideation, 83.0% also screened positive for at least one of the three mental illnesses. The prevalence of mental illnesses did not differ significantly across sociodemographic factors or pandemic-related experiences. In contrast, the prevalence of at least one mental illness among adults without suicidal ideation was much lower (21.2%), and this prevalence differed by sociodemographic factors and pandemic-related experiences.

Interpretation
During the COVID-19 pandemic, most adults in Canada with suicidal ideation had moderate to severe symptoms of mental illness.
Macroeconomic impact of forced migration on Lebanon with a focus on labor market dynamics and policy strategies for sustainable economic growth
Authors: Zreik Mohamad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article explores the profound macroeconomic consequences of forced migration on Lebanon's economy, with a specific focus on labor market dynamics. Drawing from extensive research and analysis, the study examines the factors driving migration, its impacts on the labor market, and the resultant economic challenges. It delves into the wage disparities, employment rates, and the informal sector's expansion due to the influx of migrants. The article also evaluates existing public policies and proposes strategic interventions aimed at fostering migrant integration and promoting sustainable economic growth. By addressing these critical issues, the forced aims to provide comprehensive policy recommendations to mitigate the adverse effects of forced migration and enhance Lebanon's economic resilience.
Prolonged treatment of compactin, atorvastatin, lovastatin or simvastatin decreased glucose consumption and expressions of proteins for glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in L6 skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Chen Junbin , Zha Longying , Xu Jinhong , Chen Guoxun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStatins inhibit mevalonate synthesis and successfully lower plasma cholesterol levels and decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases in humans, but also lead to myalgia in some patients. We hypothesize that statins may modulate glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle cells during and after differentiation, and in turn lead to side effects. Here, differentiating and differentiated L6 muscle cells were treated with 1 μM of different class of statins (compactin, pravastatin, atorvastatin, lovastatin and simvastatin) with or without insulin or mevalonate for extended periods of time. The glucose consumption and expression levels of proteins for glucose metabolism and insulin receptor (IR)/Akt signaling were determined. The prolonged statin treatments (except pravastatin) decreased glucose consumption in L6 skeletal muscle cells. In differentiating L6 cells, compactin, lovastatin or simvastatin decreased the expression levels of proteins involved in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling, including glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), glycogen synthase (GS), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and insulin receptor β subunit (IRβ). In differentiated L6 cells, long-term treatment of compactin or simvastatin also decreased levels of proteins in glucose metabolism and IR/Akt signaling, including GLUT4, GSK3β, IRβ and PI3K p110α. Insulin treatment restored statin-mediated impairments in L6 cells. The insulin-mediated phosphorylation of Akt Ser473 was attenuated in differentiating and differentiated L6 cells in the presence of atorvastatin (differentiated only), compactin, lovastatin or simvastatin. In addition, mevalonate supplementation reversed the statin-mediated impairments in differentiated and differentiating L6 cells. Statin affected glucose usage and insulin signaling by inhibiting mevalonate synthesis in L6 cells. Our results provides a possible mechanism of adverse effects of statins in skeletal muscle and calls for cautious use of the medication in patients with impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
Just In Time: Empowering the Public to Save Lives
Authors: Goralnick Eric 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Each year, disasters impact over 50 million, and conflicts are indirectly related to 1,000,000 deaths. Traditionally, humanitarians help in two ways: Deployment: sending healthcare workers to provide direct care, and Development: training local healthcare workers. But these routes limit who can be reached and how quickly. We envision a scalable solution that moves beyond traditional humanitarian avenues to empower the public to save lives and reduce suffering through equitable, open-access education.

Learning Objectives
Provide the justification for just in time digital education.
Provide various examples of JIT education.
Summarize current JIT domestic and global initiatives.
Contextual influences on trade-offs in engineering design: a qualitative study
Authors: Nickel Jordan , Hurst Ada , Duimering P. Robert 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Design occurs in complex socio-technical contexts with conflicting stakeholder goals, requirements and other constraints. These limit solution options and create trade-offs where improvements relative to one goal come at the expense of performance on another. Little is known about how the design context influences trade-offs, or how designers interact with context to manage trade-offs. This article reports on an exploratory qualitative interview study investigating design trade-offs in relation to their socio-technical context. We identified nine themes reflecting engineering designers’ perceptions of the influence of the design context on their ability to resolve trade-offs. Findings suggest that the design context is both a source of trade-offs, and of knowledge and information that helps designers clarify ambiguous requirements to navigate and resolve trade-offs. The results provide insight into how designers interact with the design context to learn about the structure of their design problems and the degrees of freedom available to resolve trade-offs. The findings also contribute to understanding the effects of path dependencies in trade-off situations, and how the sequential distribution of design decisions over time constrains trade-off resolution. We discuss some of the goals and challenges of conducting rigorous qualitative research in design and identify potential directions for further research.
Discrimination and Political Engagement: A Cross-national Test
Authors: Besco Randy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhat is the effect of personal discrimination on the political engagement of ethnic and racial minorities? Existing research theorizes increased engagement, but evidence is mixed. The discrimination and political engagement link is tested across six countries: Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Interest in politics and political actions (e.g. protest and donations) show constant relationships: people who have experienced discrimination have more interest in politics and take more political actions. There is no clear evidence of different effects of political vs social discrimination. However, the link between turnout and discrimination varies systematically across countries: a positive correlation in three separate American datasets, but mixed and null in other countries. This may be the result of the distinctive American conflict over voting rights for racial minorities. The conclusion discusses priorities for future research, including a focus on establishing causal relationships and testing mechanisms.
Childhood neglect is associated with alterations in neural prediction error signaling and the response to novelty
Authors: Aloi Joseph , Crum Kathleen I. , Blair Karina S. , Zhang Ru , Bashford-Largo Johannah , Bajaj Sahil , Hwang Soonjo , Averbeck Bruno B. , Tottenham Nim , Dobbertin Matthew , Blair R. James R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne in eight children experience early life stress (ELS), which increases risk for psychopathology. ELS, particularly neglect, has been associated with reduced responsivity to reward. However, little work has investigated the computational specifics of this disrupted reward response – particularly with respect to the neural response to Reward Prediction Errors (RPE) – a critical signal for successful instrumental learning – and the extent to which they are augmented to novel stimuli. The goal of the current study was to investigate the associations of abuse and neglect, and neural representation of RPE to novel and non-novel stimuli.MethodsOne hundred and seventy-eight participants (aged 10–18, M = 14.9, s.d. = 2.38) engaged in the Novelty task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. In this task, participants learn to choose novel or non-novel stimuli to win monetary rewards varying from $0 to $0.30 per trial. Levels of abuse and neglect were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.ResultsAdolescents exposed to high levels of neglect showed reduced RPE-modulated blood oxygenation level dependent response within medial and lateral frontal cortices particularly when exploring novel stimuli (p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons) relative to adolescents exposed to lower levels of neglect.ConclusionsThese data expand on previous work by indicating that neglect, but not abuse, is associated with impairments in neural RPE representation within medial and lateral frontal cortices. However, there was no association between neglect and behavioral impairments on the Novelty task, suggesting that these neural differences do not necessarily translate into behavioral differences within the context of the Novelty task.