bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the acute ultraviolet photoresponse in congenic albino hairless C57BL/6J mice relative to outbred SKH1 hairless mice
Authors: Konger Raymond L. , Derr‐Yellin Ethel , Hojati Delaram , Lutz Cathleen , Sundberg John P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHairless albino Crl:SKH1‐Hrhr mice are commonly utilized for studies in which hair or pigmentation would introduce an impediment to observational studies. Being an outbred strain, the SKH1 model suffers from key limitations that are not seen with congenic mouse strains. Inbred and congenic C57BL/6J mice are commonly utilized for modified genetic mouse models. We compare the acute UV‐induced photoresponse between outbred SKH1 mice and an immune competent, hairless, albino C57BL/6J congenic mouse line [B6.Cg‐Tyrc−2J Hrhr/J]. Histologically, B6.Cg‐Tyrc−2J Hrhr/J skin is indistinguishable from that of SKH1 mice. The skin of both SKH1 and B6.Cg‐Tyrc−2J Hrhr/J mice exhibited a reduction in hypodermal adipose tissue, the presence of utricles and dermal cystic structures, the presence of dermal granulomas and epidermal thickening. In response to a single 1500 J/m2 ultraviolet B dose, the oedema and apoptotic responses were equivalent in both mouse strains. However, B6.Cg‐Tyrc−2J Hrhr/J mice exhibited a more robust delayed sunburn reaction, with an increase in epidermal erosion, scab formation and myeloperoxidase activity relative to SKH1 mice. Compared with SKH1 mice, B6.Cg‐Tyrc−2J Hrhr/J also exhibited an aberrant proliferative response to this single UV exposure. Epidermal Ki67 immunopositivity was significantly suppressed in B6.Cg‐Tyrc−2J Hrhr/J mice at 24 h post‐UV. A smaller non‐significant reduction in Ki67 labelling was observed in SKH1 mice. Finally, at 72 h post‐UV, SKH1 mice, but not B6.Cg‐Tyrc−2J Hrhr/J mice, exhibited a significant increase in Ki67 immunolabelling relative to non‐irradiated controls. Thus, B6.Cg‐Tyrc−2J Hrhr/J mice are suitable for photobiology experiments.
Photobiomodulation devices for hair regrowth and wound healing: a therapy full of promise but a literature full of confusion
Authors: Mignon Charles , Botchkareva Natalia V. , Uzunbajakava Natallia E. , Tobin Desmond J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhotobiomodulation is reported to positively influence hair regrowth, wound healing, skin rejuvenation and psoriasis. Despite rapid translation of this science to commercial therapeutic solutions, significant gaps in our understanding of the underlying processes remain. The aim of this review was to seek greater clarity and rationality specifically for the selection of optical parameters for studies on hair regrowth and wound healing. Our investigation of 90 reports published between 1985 and 2015 revealed major inconsistencies in optical parameters selected for clinical applications. Moreover, poorly understood photoreceptors expressed in skin such as cytochrome c oxidase, cryptochromes, opsins etc. may trigger different molecular mechanisms. All this could explain the plethora of reported physiological effects of light. To derive parameters for optimal clinical efficacy of photobiomodulation, we recommend a more rational approach to underpin clinical studies, with research on molecular targets and pathways using well‐defined biological model systems to enable translation of optical parameters from in vitro to in vivo. Furthermore, special attention needs to be paid when conducting studies for hair regrowth, aiming for double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trials as the gold standard for quantifying hair growth.
The role of Inadine in wound care: a consensus document
Authors: Sibbald R. Gary , Elliott James A 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIodine‐based products are antibacterial. The small iodine molecular size is ideally suited to treat surface critical colonisation. Inadine is a 10% povidone iodine dressing with the equivalent of 1% available iodine that is easily extracted from the viscose backing by serum or exudate. The use of hydrophilic polyethylene glycol tulle dressing delivery vehicle allows the dressing to be easily removed by irrigation with potable water or saline. In this study, we developed a short online survey completed by 23 wound‐care key opinion leaders from the nursing, medical and podiatry professions. A computerised modified Delphi technique was used to achieve 80% consensus on 11 statements related to the utility and everyday topical wound‐care use of this product.
A zoogeographical boundary between the Palaearctic and Sino‐Japanese realms documented by consistent north/south phylogeographical divergences in three woodland birds in eastern China
Authors: Song Gang , Zhang Ruiying , Qu Yanhua , Wang Zhiheng , Dong Lu , Kristin Anton , Alström Per , Ericson Per G. P. , Lambert David M. , Fjeldså Jon , Lei Fumin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimThe location of zoogeographical boundaries in eastern China has long been the subject of debate. To identify any north/south genetic divergence between the Palaearctic and Sino‐Japanese realms proposed by previous studies, we conducted a comparative phylogeographical study involving three passerine species with wide latitudinal distributions in eastern China.LocationEastern China.MethodsTwo mitochondrial genes and three nuclear introns were amplified and sequenced. Population structures were analysed using intra‐specific phylogeny,tcsnetworks,AMOVAand structure inferences. We tested for evidence of genetic barriers based on pairwise differences. Lineage divergences, demographic dynamics and gene flow between lineages were estimated using Bayesian methods.ResultsA congruent north/south phylogeographical divergence was identified for three species. A geographical barrier was inferred atc. 40° N in eastern China. The population sizes of the northern and southern lineages have both been stable through the late Pleistocene, while multiple divergences were inferred during the early and middle Pleistocene.Main conclusionsOur results suggest a general phylogeographical break in north‐eastern China, coinciding with the Palaearctic/Sino‐Japanese boundary. Physical blocking of the Yan Mountains and fragmentation of suitable habitat during glacial stages between the north and south probably acted together to provide long‐lasting barrier effects. Our comparative phylogeographical approach demonstrates that the Palaearctic/Sino‐Japanese boundary may represent a gene‐flow barrier even within widespread species.
Wide QRS‐T Angle on the 12‐Lead ECG as a Predictor of Sudden Death Beyond the LV Ejection Fraction
Authors: CHUA KELVIN C.M. , TEODORESCU CARMEN , REINIER KYNDARON , UY‐EVANADO AUDREY , ARO AAPO L. , NAIR SANDEEP G. , CHUGH HARPRIYA , JUI JONATHAN , CHUGH SUMEET S. 
Published: April 2016

QRST‐angle and Sudden Cardiac DeathIntroductionImprovements in risk stratification for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) will require discovery of markers that extend beyond the LV ejection fraction (LVEF). The frontal QRS‐T angle has been shown to predict risk of SCA but the value of this marker independent of the LVEF has not been investigated.Methods and ResultsCases of adult SCA with an archived electrocardiogram (12‐lead ECG) available before the event, with a computable frontal QRS‐T angle, were identified from the Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study (Oregon SUDS) ongoing in the Portland, Oregon metro area. A total of 666 SCA cases (mean age 67.2 years; 95% CI, 52.3–82.1 years; 68.6% males) were compared to 863 controls (mean age 66.6 years, 55.2–78.0 years; 68.1% males; 75.0% had CAD) from the same geographical region. The mean frontal QRS‐T angle was wider in cases (74o; 95% CI, 17o–131o) compared to controls (51o; 95% CI, 5o–97o; P< 0.0001). A frontal QRS‐T angle of more than 90o remained associated with increased risk of SCD after adjusting for age, gender, heart rate, prolonged intraventricular conduction, electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG LVH), baseline comorbidities, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR 2.2; 95% CI, 1.60–3.09; P< 0.0001).ConclusionA wide QRS‐T angle greater than 90o is associated with an increased risk of SCA independent of the left ventricular ejection fraction.
Biophysical Modeling Predicts Ventricular Tachycardia Inducibility and Circuit Morphology: A Combined Clinical Validation and Computer Modeling Approach
Authors: CHEN ZHONG , CABRERA‐LOZOYA ROCIO , RELAN JATIN , SOHAL MANAV , SHETTY ANOOP , KARIM RASHED , DELINGETTE HERVE , GILL JASWINDER , RHODE KAWAL , AYACHE NICHOLAS , TAGGART PETER , RINALDI CHRISTOPHER ALDO , SERMESANT MAXIME , RAZAVI REZA 
Published: April 2016

VT Stimulation In SilicoIntroductionComputational modeling of cardiac arrhythmogenesis and arrhythmia maintenance has made a significant contribution to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of arrhythmia. We hypothesized that a cardiac model using personalized electro‐anatomical parameters could define the underlying ventricular tachycardia (VT) substrate and predict reentrant VT circuits. We used a combined modeling and clinical approach in order to validate the concept.Methods and resultsNon‐contact electroanatomic mapping studies were performed in 7 patients (5 ischemics, 2 non‐ischemics). Three ischemic cardiomyopathy patients underwent a clinical VT stimulation study. Anatomical information was obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) including high‐resolution scar imaging. A simplified biophysical mono‐domain action potential model personalized with the patients’ anatomical and electrical information was used to perform in silico VT stimulation studies for comparison. The personalized in silico VT stimulations were able to predict VT inducibility as well as the macroscopic characteristics of the VT circuits in patients who had clinical VT stimulation studies. The patients with positive clinical VT stimulation studies had wider distribution of action potential duration restitution curve (APD‐RC) slopes and APDs than the patient with a negative VT stimulation study. The exit points of reentrant VT circuits encompassed a higher percentage of the maximum APD‐RC slope compared to the scar and non‐scar areas, 32%, 4%, and 0.2%, respectively.ConclusionsVT stimulation studies can be simulated in silico using a personalized biophysical cardiac model. Myocardial spatial heterogeneity of APD restitution properties and conductivity may help predict the location of crucial entry/exit points of reentrant VT circuits.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Superheated Steam by Considering the Spraying Flow Rate
Authors: Mao Weijie , Kato Masaki , Liu Lei , Fukuoka Mika , Sakai Noboru 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSuperheated steam (SHS) is widely used in the food industry for heating purposes. However, the effect that operating conditions may have on food quality are not quite clear. Spraying flow rate is an important operating condition of SHS that plays a key role in temperature distributions in food. During food processing, adjustment of the spraying flow rate depends very much on the operator experience. In this study, computational fluid dynamics software (CFD2000) is used to quantify the magnitude and direction of flow velocity in the vicinity of the sample. Results show that the magnitude and direction of spraying velocity have an important influence on the heat transfer coefficient of the product surface. From the data acquired using CFD2000 and the temperature history obtained from a heating experiment, an equation for the heat transfer coefficient is obtained. Taking condensation and evaporation into account, the formula for the heat transfer coefficient is then substituted into the heat transfer equation in order to simulate the temperature rise during heating by SHS. Analytical and experimental results show that the surface temperature increase in silicon is more rapid when a higher spraying flow rate is used. Meanwhile, for lower spraying flow rates with a larger amount of condensate, a greater amount of time is required to achieve the maximum amount of condensate.Practical ApplicationsHeat transfer characteristics during SHS heating is studied by an experimental and theoretical analysis. A mathematical model is constructed that takes condensation, evaporation and the heat transfer coefficient into account. How the temperature increase is affected by the spraying flow rate can be calculated by the model. So the research will help to choose ideal operating conditions. Meanwhile, the established equation of heat transfer coefficient could be used for a variety of food processing during SHS heating. It could contribute to predict a temperature rise and then to control the food quality. Experimental and mathematical methods established in this paper can be used for the researches of various food heated by superheated steam.
Survey of Pathogens Isolated from Mussels Perna Perna Collected in Rocky Shore and Fishmarket of Niterói, RJ, and Their Respective Resistance Profile to Antimicrobial Drugs
Authors: Jayme M.M.A. , Silva M.M. , Sales A. , Nunes M.C. , Freitas‐Almeida A.C. , Araújo F.V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTo assess bacteriological safety of mussels Perna perna, harvested in Itaipu, Niterói, RJ and purchased at São Pedro fishmarket at the same city, fecal coliform counts and detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Vibrio spp. was performed in 27 mussel and 9 seawater samples collected between March 2012 and April of 2013. The pathogens isolated were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility test. The majority (74%) of the mussel samples were unfit for human consumption and 89% of the seawater samples had unsatisfactorily high levels of contamination according to Brazilian laws. From the 77 E. coli and 51 Vibrio spp. isolated, 13% and 68.6% showed multiresistance and 15.6% and 72.5% showed multidrug resistant, respectively. The only Salmonella strain isolated was susceptible to all antimicrobial tested. Serotypes of Salmonella spp. and V. cholerae were not detected from the enrichment broths. Water pollution and food manipulation, throughout the food production chain, were factors which influenced the contamination of mussels.Practical ApplicationsThis is the first report studying microbial quality of mussels along their process before arriving at the market; including characteristics of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens. Our study demonstrated that after collection, the manipulation realized by mussel's pickers is an important source of contamination, warning to the necessity of a better monitoring in the commercialization of this seafood.
Fat intake and risk of ulcerative colitis: Systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of epidemiological studies
Authors: Wang Fan , Lin Xue , Zhao Qiu , Li Jin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground and AimFat intake is generally thought as a risk factor for onset of ulcerative colitis (UC), while epidemiological data had been controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the role of fat intake in the development of UC.MethodsComprehensive search in PubMed and Embase was conducted to identify all relevant studies, and the role of fat intake in the development of UC was quantitatively assessed by dose–response meta‐analysis.ResultsNine studies (four case–control and five prospective cohort) were indentified with a total of 966 UC cases and 171 589 controls. No evidence of a nonlinear dose–response association was found between fat intake and UC risk. Overall, the summary relative risks (RR) for per 30 g increment/day were 1.023 (95%confidence interval [CI]: 0.963–1.087; I2 = 24%; n = 6) for total fat intake, 1.063 (95%CI: 0.845–1.337; I2 = 44.5%; n = 4) for saturated fat intake, 1.214 (95%CI: 0.911–1.618; I2 = 63.1%; n = 4) for monounsaturated fat (MUFA) intake, and 1.247 (95%CI: 0.948–1.640; I2 = 25.4%; n = 4) for polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake, respectively. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed inconsistent results on PUFA intake, which was significantly related with UC risk after adjusting for smoking (RR: 1.617, 95%CI: 1.045–2.502; I2 = 0%; n = 3). For PUFA and MUFA subtypes, no subtypes were significantly associated with UC risk (P > 0.05), and only docosahexaenoic acid showed a potential protective effect in the development of UC (RR for the highest versus lowest intake level: 0.642, 95%CI: 0.403–1.024; I2 = 34.4%; n = 3)ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggested a lack of association between fat intake and UC risk, and large‐scale prospective designed studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Using monazite and zircon petrochronology to constrain the P–T–t evolution of the middle crust in the Bhutan Himalaya
Authors: Regis D. , Warren C. J. , Mottram C. M. , Roberts N. M. W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe growth and dissolution behaviour of accessory phases (and especially those of geochronological interest) in metamorphosed pelites depends on, among others, the bulk composition, the prograde metamorphic evolution and the cooling path. Monazite and zircon are arguably the most commonly used geochronometers for dating felsic metamorphic rocks, yet crystal growth mechanisms as a function of rock composition, pressure and temperature are still incompletely understood. Ages of different growth zones in zircon and monazite in a garnet‐bearing anatectic metapelite from the Greater Himalayan Sequence in NW Bhutan were investigated via a combination of thermodynamic modelling, microtextural data and interpretation of trace‐element chemical ‘fingerprint’ indicators in order to link them to the metamorphic stage at which they crystallized. Differences in the trace‐element composition (HREE, Y, EuN/Eu*N) of different phases were used to track the growth/dissolution of major (e.g. plagioclase, garnet) and accessory phases (e.g. monazite, zircon, xenotime, allanite). Taken together, these data constrain multiple pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) points from low temperature (<550 °C) to upper amphibolite facies (partial melting, >700 °C) conditions. The results suggest that the metapelite experienced a cryptic early metamorphic stage at c. 38 Ma at <550 °C, ≥0.85 GPa during which plagioclase was probably absent. This was followed by a prolonged high‐T, medium‐pressure (~600 °C, 0.55 GPa) evolution at 35–29 Ma during which the garnet grew, and subsequent partial melting at >690 °C and >18 Ma. Our data confirm that both geochronometers can crystallize independently at different times along the same P–T path and that neither monazite nor zircon necessarily provides timing constraints on ‘peak’ metamorphism. Therefore, collecting monazite and zircon ages as well as major and trace‐element data from major and accessory phases in the same sample is essential for reconstructing the most coherent metamorphic P–T–t evolution and thus for robustly constraining the rates and timescales of metamorphic cycles.
DETECTING VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTIONS BY DESIGNED BREAK‐INDICATOR SATURATION
Authors: Pretis Felix , Schneider Lea , Smerdon Jason E. , Hendry David F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe present a methodology for detecting breaks at any point in time‐series regression models using an indicator saturation approach, applied here to modelling climate change. Building on recent developments in econometric model selection for more variables than observations, we saturate a regression model with a full set of designed break functions. By selecting over these break functions using an extended general‐to‐specific algorithm, we obtain unbiased estimates of the break date and magnitude. Monte Carlo simulations confirm the approximate properties of the approach. We assess the methodology by detecting volcanic eruptions in a time series of Northern Hemisphere mean temperature spanning roughly 1200 years, derived from a fully coupled global climate model simulation. Our technique demonstrates that historic volcanic eruptions can be statistically detected without prior knowledge of their occurrence or magnitude‐ and hence may prove useful for estimating the past impact of volcanic events using proxy reconstructions of hemispheric or global mean temperature, leading to an improved understanding of the effect of stratospheric aerosols on temperatures. The break detection procedure can be applied to evaluate policy impacts as well as act as a robust forecasting device.
Evolution of the leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like protein kinase gene family: Ancestral copy number and functional divergence of BAM1 and BAM2 in Brassicaceae
Authors: Li Hao , Shi Qian , Zhang Zai‐Bao , Zeng Li‐Ping , Qi Ji , Ma Hong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGene duplication allows for functional divergence and innovation that provide selective advantages. However, in flowering plants genetic studies have revealed that single‐gene mutations affecting one of two or more closely related paralogs often fail to cause detectable morphological defects, suggesting functional redundancy. Flowering plants have hundreds of genes encoding leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like protein kinases (LRR‐RLKs), several of which play important roles in anther development, but little is known about their evolutionary history and possible functional divergence. We investigated the evolutionary relationship of the LRR‐RLK gene family by phylogenetic analysis and found that these closely related paralogs resulted from multiple duplication events, such as the one resulting in BAM1 and BAM2. We further used quantitative real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction to verify gene expression changes in immature anthers from the bam1/bam2 single and double mutants compared with wild type, providing strong evidence that the BAM1 and BAM2 genes have evolved different functions, with differential effects on anther gene expression. Moreover, careful examination of anther development in bam1 and bam2 single mutants revealed previously unrecognized extra cell division in tapetum cell layers. Thus our results from phylogenetic, molecular, and morphological analyses uncover sequence and functional differences between paralogs whose single mutants lack obvious fertility defects, effectively revealing functional divergence of duplicate genes.
The impact of the improvement of insomnia on blood pressure in hypertensive patients
Authors: Li Yuan , Yang Yiling , Li Qiubing , Yang Xueqing , Wang Yan , Ku Wai Lim , Li Haicong 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis study investigated the impact of the improvement of insomnia on the blood pressure levels of hypertensive patients. A total of 402 patients with a diagnosis of insomnia and hypertension were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group (202 cases) received standard anti‐hypertensive treatment with Estazolam, and the control group (200 cases) received standard anti‐hypertensive treatment with placebo. The sedentary diastolic and systolic blood pressures were measured before the treatment and every 7 days during the experiment. To assess the sleep quality and anxiety and depression levels of patients, the scores of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale‐17 were reported at the same time points. At the conclusion of the experiment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale‐17 scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.001). The insomnia treatment efficacy of Estazolam in the treatment group was 67.3%, significantly higher than that (14.0%) of the control (P < 0.001). The blood pressure of the treatment group showed significant improvement throughout the experiment. By Day 28, the decrease of sedentary diastolic and systolic blood pressures in the treatment group was significantly greater than that of the control (sedentary systolic blood pressure: 10.5 ± 3.9 versus 3.4 ± 2.5 mmHg; sedentary diastolic blood pressure: 8.1 ± 3.6 versus 2.7 ± 2.1 mmHg, P < 0.001), and the compliance rate of goal blood pressure (< 140/90 mmHg) was 74.8% with Estazolam, compared with 50.5% with placebo (P < 0.001). Thus, the current findings indicated that the improvement of insomnia can significantly help lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients.