bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of insulin resistance and glycolytic metabolism in the rat uterus
Authors: Zhang Yuehui , Sun Xue , Sun Xiaoyan , Meng Fanci , Hu Min , Li Xin , Li Wei , Wu Xiao-Ke , Brännström Mats , Shao Ruijin , Billig Håkan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPeripheral insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism are the primary features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, how insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism affect uterine function and contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS are open questions. We treated rats with insulin alone or in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and showed that peripheral insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism alter uterine morphology, cell phenotype, and cell function, especially in glandular epithelial cells. These defects are associated with an aberration in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway that is used as an indicator for the onset of insulin resistance in classical metabolic tissues. Concomitantly, increased GSK3β (Ser-9) phosphorylation and decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in rats treated with insulin and hCG were also observed. We also profiled the expression of glucose transporter (Glut) isoform genes in the uterus under conditions of insulin resistance and/or hyperandrogenism. Finally, we determined the expression pattern of glycolytic enzymes and intermediates during insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in the uterus. These findings suggest that the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways play a role in the onset of uterine insulin resistance, and they also suggest that changes in specific Glut isoform expression and alterations to glycolytic metabolism contribute to the endometrial dysfunction observed in PCOS patients.
Picture-Sound Association in Deaf Children
Authors: Doehring Donald G. 
Published: July 2016

Programmed instruction in picture-sound association was given to 26 deaf children aged 4 to 10, 20 hearing children with learning disorders aged 7 to 15, and 18 normal children aged 4 to 6 from day nurseries. The learning task involved tape-recorded presentation of a meaningful nonverbal sound in conjunction with three pictures projected on the response windows of a viewing-response device. The subject was required to match the picture with the sound.
The majority of deaf children (19 of 26) learned the task in from 1 to 11 sessions. All but two of the children with learning disorders learned on the first session, and 13 of the 18 younger normal children learned in from 1 to 6 sessions. The performance of the deaf children bore some relation to age, hearing loss, and aided hearing ability but not to teacher rating of intelligence. The results indicated that even profoundly deaf children might benefit from auditory nonverbal perceptual training.
Structures of mammalian ER α-glucosidase II capture the binding modes of broad-spectrum iminosugar antivirals
Authors: Caputo Alessandro T. , Alonzi Dominic S. , Marti Lucia , Reca Ida-Barbara , Kiappes J. L. , Struwe Weston B. , Cross Alice , Basu Souradeep , Lowe Edward D. , Darlot Benoit , Santino Angelo , Roversi Pietro , Zitzmann Nicole 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Most pathogenic enveloped viruses crucially depend on the quality control (QC) machinery in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the host cell. ERQC inhibitors therefore have the double potential benefit of targeting a wide variety of viruses (“broad-spectrum antivirals”) without the risk of losing efficacy due to escape mutations in the viral genome. Our recent work has proven that inhibition of the central enzyme of ERQC, α-glucosidase II (α-GluII), is sufficient for antiviral activity against dengue fever in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show how antiviral inhibitors bind to portions of α-GluII that are unique to this enzyme, and we open the way to the development of potent and selective antivirals against existing and emerging infectious disease.
Peripheral tolerance can be modified by altering KLF2-regulated Treg migration
Authors: Pabbisetty Sudheer K. , Rabacal Whitney , Volanakis Emmanuel J. , Parekh Vrajesh V. , Olivares-Villagómez Danyvid , Cendron Delphine , Boyd Kelli L. , Van Kaer Luc , Sebzda Eric 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Tregs are necessary to prevent autoimmunity; however, these same cells suppress tumor-specific immune responses and contribute to malignancy. Before Treg-based therapies are devised to treat these diseases, it is important to understand how Tregs function under physiological conditions. We now report that Tregs carry out their immune-suppressive functions in secondary lymphoid organs (e.g. spleen, lymph nodes) and factors that impair or enhance Treg homing to these sites diminish or increase self-tolerance, respectively. Importantly, Treg migration patterns are regulated by Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), and increasing expression of this transcription factor within the Treg compartment promotes self-tolerance. The present study demonstrates that Treg trafficking to lymphoid tissues underpins peripheral tolerance, which can be modified by targeting KLF2 with therapeutic drugs.
Dimerization of visual pigments in vivo
Authors: Zhang Tao , Cao Li-Hui , Kumar Sandeep , Enemchukwu Nduka O. , Zhang Ning , Lambert Alyssia , Zhao Xuchen , Jones Alex , Wang Shixian , Dennis Emily M. , Fnu Amrita , Ham Sam , Rainier Jon , Yau King-Wai , Fu Yingbin 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Despite in vitro evidence, it remains unclear whether the rod visual pigment rhodopsin exists as dimers in vivo. With a unique mouse line that expresses the blue cone opsin transgenically in rods, we showed that, in the absence of chromophore, the transgenic cone opsin can mature and target to the outer segment if and only if rhodopsin is present to help it along (i.e., forming heterodimers in the endoplasmic reticulum). Furthermore, we have confirmed a key interaction domain for rhodopsin dimerization and show that, again in vivo, rhodopsin maturation and targeting to the outer segment becomes defective when dimerization is disrupted. This work provides in vivo evidence for rhodopsin existing as a dimer.
An extract from pork bones containing osteocalcin improves glucose metabolism in mice by oral administration
Authors: Mizokami Akiko , Wang DaGuang , Tanaka Mitsuru , Gao Jing , Takeuchi Hiroshi , Matsui Toshiro , Hirata Masato 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Osteocalcin (OC) is a bone-derived hormone that regulates energy metabolism. OC exists in two forms, carboxylated (GlaOC) and uncaboxylated (GluOC), but only the latter appears to have an endocrine function. In this study, we prepared an extract containing both Gla- and GluOC from boiled pork bone using 0.2 M carbonate buffer at pH 9.5, and tested whether the extract had beneficial effects on improving metabolic parameters in obese mice. The extract equivalent of 1.2 μg of GluOC/mouse was orally administrated to C57BL/6 female mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Daily oral administration of the extract for four weeks decreased blood glucose levels and promoted glucose tolerance as well as insulin sensitivity. Our study shows for the first time that boiled pork bones are a source material for osteocalcin in the large-scale production of supplements designed to improve glucose metabolism.
Individual action, world society, and environmental change: 1993–2010
Authors: Hadler Markus 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
This article studies the question of how global cultural models shape individual environmental behaviours. The analysis applies a novel, cross-sectional, longitudinal, multilevel model that combines individual-level survey data from sixteen countries collected by the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) with contextual characteristics such as the presence of international organisations, the national institutionalisation of environmentalism, and polities’ demands on individual participation. The analysis provides only limited support for the direct effects of ties to world society. It rather suggests indirect effects via the institutionalisation of environmentalism at the national level and via various individual exposure variables. In addition, both public and private behaviours are positively influenced by attitudinal alignment with global models, whereas certain individualisation processes have negative effects.
Local variation in world society: six characteristics of global diffusion
Authors: Pope Shawn , Meyer John W. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We review world society research that theorises differences rather than similarities in diffusion into local settings. Six characteristics of global diffusion processes, most of which contribute directly to local variation, are featured: structural embeddedness, decoupling, domestication, multiple diffusion, contingent diffusion, and multi-level diffusion. We illustrate each characteristic with examples from, and applications to, the global movement for corporate social responsibility.
Habitat preferences of two sparrow species are modified by abundances of other birds in an urban environment
Authors: Skórka Piotr , Sierpowska Katarzyna , Haidt Andżelika , Myczko Łukasz , Ekner-Grzyb Anna , Rosin Zuzanna M. , Kwieciński Zbigniew , Suchodolska Joanna , Takacs Viktoria , Jankowiak Łukasz , Wasielewski Oskar , Graclik Agnieszka , Krawczyk Agata J. , Kasprzak Adam , Szwajkowski Przemysław , Wylegała Przemysław , Malecha Anna W. , Mizera Tadeusz , Tryjanowski Piotr 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEvery species has certain habitat requirements, which may be altered by interactions with other co-occurring species. These interactions are mostly ignored in predictive models trying to identify key habitat variables correlated with species population abundance/occurrence. We investigated how the structure of the urban landscape, food resources, potential competitors, predators, and interaction between these factors influence the abundance of house sparrow Passer domesticus and the tree sparrow P. montanus in sixty 25 ha plots distributed randomly across residential areas of the city of Poznań (Poland). The abundance of the house sparrow was positively correlated with the abundance of pigeons but negatively correlated with human-related food resources. There were significant interaction terms between abundances of other urban species and habitat variables in statistical models. For example, the abundance of house sparrow was negatively correlated with the abundance of corvids and tree sparrows but only when food resources were low. The abundance of tree sparrows positively correlated with density of streets and the distance from the city center. The abundance of this species positively correlated with the abundance of corvids when food resources were low but negatively correlated at low covers of green area. Our study indicates that associations between food resources, habitat covers, and the relative abundance of two sparrow species are altered by the abundance of other urban species. Competition, niche separation and social facilitation may be responsible for these interactive effects. Thus, biotic interactions should be included not only as an additive effect but also as an interaction term between abundance and habitat variables in statistical models predicting species abundance and occurrence.
Competent for Unsupervised Practice: Use of Pediatric Residency Training Milestones to Assess Readiness
Authors: Li Su-Ting T. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Schwartz Alan , Guillot Ann P. , Burke Ann E. , Trimm R. Franklin , Guralnick Susan , Mahan John D. , Gifford Kimberly A. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
To describe clinical skills progression during pediatric residency using the distribution of pediatric milestone assessments by subcompetency and year of training and to determine reasonable milestone expectations at time of graduation.

Method
Multi-institutional cohort study of the milestones reported to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education for all 21 pediatric subcompetencies. Most subcompetencies were measured using five milestone levels (1 = novice, 2 = advanced beginner, 3 = competent, 4 = proficient, 5 = master); 3 subcompetencies had only four levels defined.

Results
Milestone assessments for 2,030 pediatric residents in 47 programs during academic year 2013–2014 were obtained. There was significant variation in end-of-year milestone ratings for residents within each level of training, which decreased as training level increased. Most (78.9%; 434/550) graduating third-year pediatric residents received a milestone rating of ≥ 3 in all 21 subcompetencies; fewer (21.1%; 116/550) received a rating of ≥ 4 in all subcompetencies. Across all training levels, professionalism and interpersonal communication skills were rated highest; quality improvement was rated lowest.

Conclusions
Trainees entered residency with a wide range of skills. As they advanced, skill variability within a training level decreased. Most graduating pediatric residents were still advancing on the milestone continuum toward proficiency and mastery, and an expectation of milestone ratings ≥ 4 in all categories upon graduation is unrealistic; milestone ratings ≥ 3 upon graduation may be more realistic. Understanding current pediatric residents’ and graduates’ skills can help to identify key areas that should be specifically targeted during training.
A Retrospective Analysis of the Treatment of Melasma Using a Fractional Long-Pulsed Alexandrite Laser in Korean Patients
Authors: Lee Min Kyung , Min Kyung Sik , Park Eun Joo , Kim Kwang Ho , Kim Kwang Joong 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND
Long-pulsed, 755-nm, alexandrite lasers have been shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of pigmentary lesions.

OBJECTIVE
Clinical outcomes and side effects in the treatment of melasma using a fractional, long-pulsed, alexandrite laser were assessed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-eight patients with melasma received 2 to 4 treatment sessions of fractional, long-pulsed, alexandrite laser at 2 to 3 weeks intervals. The parameter of treatment was 60 to 80 J/cm2 without dynamic cooling device using 15-mm spot size of fractional hand piece, with a 0.5- to 1-millisecond pulse width.

RESULTS
The mean modified melasma area and severity index score decreased significantly 2 months after the final treatment compared with baseline (16.5 ± 8.2 vs 11.5 ± 7.0; p = .002). The patients with epidermal type melasma were more effective compared to dermal type (p < .001).

CONCLUSION
Long-pulsed alexandrite lasers using a fractional hand piece are moderately effective in the treatment of melasma with low risk of adverse effects, and it is suggested that fractional, long-pulsed, alexandrite laser with combination of other modalities can be an additional therapeutic option in patients with melasma.
Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Importance of T2 Stratification and Hematologic Malignancy in Prognostication
Authors: Stevenson Mary L. , Kim Randie , Meehan Shane A. , Pavlick Anna C. , Carucci John A. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND
While infrequent, nodal metastases in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) can result in death from disease. Identification of those at risk for metastases is key to improved prognostication and treatment.

OBJECTIVE
To review metastatic cSCC at the study institution.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
Sixteen patients with metastatic cSCC were identified at the New York University Dermatologic Associates and Cancer Associates from 1998 to 2013. Patients were staged with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and modified Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) criteria and compared to 32 control subjects.

RESULTS
Seven of 16 patients were identified as Stage T2 by AJCC criteria and Stage T2b by BWH criteria; two patients were on Stage T1, three patients were on more advanced T stages, and four patients lacked primary tumor data. Five patients had hematologic malignancy, and one patient had a solid-organ transplant.

CONCLUSION
The modified BWH criteria aims to better prognosticate the large group of T2 AJCC tumors, resulting in the majority of mortality. In the experience of the authors, the majority of patients with metastatic disease were on T2, stratifying to stage T2b by BWH criteria, or more advanced T stages. The findings of this study support BWH stratification of T2 tumors and also indicate that hematologic malignancy is a significant comorbidity associated with a poor outcome.
Cannabis Use Surveillance by Sweat Analysis
Authors: Gambelunghe Cristiana , Fucci Nadia , Aroni Kyriaki , Bacci Mauro , Marcelli Antonio , Rossi Riccardo 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Sweat testing, an alternative matrix for establishing drug abuse, offers additional benefits to the more common biological samples. The authors developed a procedure using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to test for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid, cannabinol (CBN), and cannabidiol (CBD) in a sweat patch. The results were compared with urine and hair sample results.

Methods:
Urine, hair, and sweat samples were simultaneously collected from 12 patients who were involved, respectively, in forensic case and monitoring abuse. Selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery, intraday and interday imprecision, and inaccuracy of the quantification procedure were validated. LODs in hair were 0.05 ng/mg for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, CBN, and CBD, and 0.005 ng/mg for 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid. The LOD for sweat was 0.30 ng/patch for all substances. The LOQ in hair was 0.1 ng/mg for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, CBN, and CBD, and 0.01 ng/mg for 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid. The LOQ was 0.4 ng/patch in sweat for each analyte. Cannabinoid in urine was determined by means of immunochemical screening (cutoff 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid 50 ng/mL).

Results:
All subjects tested positive for 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in urine and hair. In sweat samples, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol was found in all patches (0.4–2.0 ng/patch); 6 cases were positive for CBN (0.4–0.5 ng/patch) and 3 for CBD (0.4–0.6 ng/patch); 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid was never detected in patches.

Conclusions:
Present sweat analysis results integrated the information from hair and urine and showed that sweat analysis is a suitable, noninvasive method for monitoring compliance with rehabilitation therapy and for detecting recent cumulative use of cannabinoids.
In-hospital complications of vaginal versus laparoscopic-assisted benign hysterectomy among older women: a propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Lai Jerry Cheng-Yen , Chen Hung-Hui , Huang Sheng-Miauh , Wang Kung-Liahng , Huang Nicole , Hu Hsiao-Yun , Chou Yiing-Jenq 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Objective:
This investigation compared the outcomes of vaginal and laparoscopic hysterectomies for nonprolapsed benign indications in older women.

Methods:
We conducted a population-based, retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study using data from the Taiwan's National Health Insurance program. Women who were aged 65 years or older with vaginal hysterectomy (n = 290) were compared with women who had laparoscopic hysterectomy for nonprolapsed benign indications (n = 290). Propensity score was calculated based on both patient- (age, socioeconomic status, residential urbanicity, comorbidity, status of any prior catastrophic illness, surgical diagnosis, and year of hysterectomy) and provider-related characteristics (physician's age and sex, hospital accreditation level, and ownership type).

Results:
Women undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy were not associated with increased risk of inpatient readmission within 30 days, in-hospital mortality, and in-hospital (including intraoperative) complications when compared with those who had vaginal hysterectomy. Women in the laparoscopic group had significantly shorter hospital stays than those in the vaginal group. The bleeding complications were mostly due to blood transfusion (2.1% in vaginal and 0.7% in laparoscopic hysterectomy groups) and urinary tract infection (1.0% in vaginal and 1.7% in laparoscopic hysterectomy groups). The surgical injury (intraoperative) complications included mostly surgical laceration of the urinary tract (0.7% in vaginal and 0.3% in laparoscopic hysterectomy groups).

Conclusions:
Advanced age alone should not be the limiting factor for surgical referral of laparoscopic hysterectomy. The shorter hospital stay and low in-hospital complications associated with laparoscopic, as opposed to vaginal hysterectomies, are important attributes of a surgical procedure essential to the postoperative care in older women aged 65 years or more.
Comparison of 1-year Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Receiving Intracoronary Bolus Only Versus Intracoronary Bolus Plus Infusion of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
Authors: Kassaian Seyed Ebrahim , Fathi Yadollah , Lotfi-Tokaldany Masoumeh , Salarifar Mojtaba , Alidoosti Mohammad , Haji-Zeinali Ali-Mohammad , Aghajani Hassan , Amirzadegan Alireza , Nozari Younes , Mortazavi Seyedeh Hamideh , Jalali Arash , Saroukhani Sepideh 
Published: July 2016

Objective:
The aim of this study is to compare intracoronary (IC) bolus only with IC bolus plus maintenance intravenous (IV) infusion of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) inhibitors with respect to 1-year major adverse cardiac events including mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, revascularization, and bleeding events after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods:
This is an observational study of 233 consecutive patients who presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and underwent primary PCI between April 2009 and December 2012. Patients were grouped into (1) patients who received IC bolus only (n = 102) and (2) patients who received IC bolus plus maintenance IV infusion of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors (n = 131). In-hospital post procedural myocardial infarction occurred in 4 (1.7 %) of patients.

Results:
Mortality occurred in one patient who was treated with IV infusion. Major bleeding occurred in only 5 patients, among whom 4 patients had received GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors IV infusion. However, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.389).

Conclusion:
Both univariate analysis and the adjusted model for the potential confounders revealed no significant association between the way of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors administration and 1-year major adverse cardiac events. Our findings suggested that IV infusion of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors after the bolus dose is not associated with better 1-year outcome after adjustment for confounding variables. Moreover, IV infusion may increase the risk of major bleedings after primary PCI. This finding implies that the need for IV infusion of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing primary PCI is under question.