bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Function and Spinal Mobility Remain Stable Despite Radiographic Spinal Progression in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with TNF-α Inhibitors for Up to 10 Years
Authors: Poddubnyy Denis , Fedorova Aleksandra , Listing Joachim , Haibel Hildrun , Baraliakos Xenofon , Braun Jürgen , Sieper Joachim 
Published: November 2016

Objective.The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of radiographic spinal progression and disease activity on function and spinal mobility in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors for up to 10 years.Methods.Patients with AS who participated in 2 longterm open-label extensions of clinical trials with TNF-α inhibitors (43 receiving infliximab and 17 receiving etanercept) were included in this analysis based on the availability of spinal radiographs performed at baseline and at a later timepoint (yr 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) during followup. Spinal radiographs were scored according to the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS). Function was assessed by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), spinal mobility by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), and disease activity by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI).Results.After the initial improvement, BASFI and BASMI remained remarkably stable at low levels over up to 10 years despite radiographic spinal progression. In the generalized mixed effects model analysis, no association between the mSASSS and the BASFI change (β = 0.0, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.03) was found, while there was some effect of mSASSS changes on BASMI changes over time (β = 0.05, 95% CI 0.01–0.09). BASDAI showed a strong association with function (β = 0.64, 95% CI 0.54–0.73) and to a lesser extent, with spinal mobility (β = 0.14, 95% CI 0.01–0.26).Conclusion.Functional status and spinal mobility of patients with established AS remained stable during longterm anti-TNF-α therapy despite radiographic progression. This indicates that reduction and continuous control of inflammation might be able to outweigh the functional effect of structural damage progression in AS.
Devenir styliste. Des trajectoires genrées dans les écoles de mode
Authors: Divert Nicolas 
Published: November 2016

Depuis les années 1960, le secteur de l’habillement, désigné communément comme la mode, focalise son attention sur les activités à forte valeur ajoutée. Parmi elles, la création symbolise son dynamisme et le styliste en est sa figure. Incarnée régulièrement par des hommes dans un secteur d’activités identifié comme féminin, une division sexuelle du travail traditionnelle se donne à voir. A partir d’une enquête ethnographique dans deux écoles supérieures de mode situées à Paris, cet article se propose d’étudier la manière dont les trajectoires des garçons et des filles se construisent et se différencient au cours de leurs études. Peu nombreux en formation, les garçons sont recherchés et le « stigmate » lié à leur orientation atypique devient une source de distinction. L’enquête montre cependant que ces trajectoires masculines génèrent des interrogations relatives à leur sexualité de sorte que sexe, genre et sexualité doivent être appréhendés conjointement.
L’éthique du care dans le champ éducatif ou le nouveau paradigme de la bienveillance
Authors: Roux-Lafay Corinne 
Published: November 2016

L’éthique du care, fondée sur l’attention portée à la singularité du sujet en sa vulnérabilité constitutive, est au cœur de l’École de la refondation et interroge à la fois la posture de l’enseignant et le statut de l’élève. La posture morale de l’enseignant est en effet celle d’une exemplarité sans interférence émotionnelle qui doit pourtant se conjuguer avec une bienveillance qui a pour nom sollicitude. Du côté de l’élève et en lien avec les nouveaux programmes, il s’agira de développer les compétences relationnelles relevant du care, de manière à en reconnaître l’enjeu quant à la formation du sujet. Mais ce nouveau paradigme, en ce qu’il reconfigure l’École de la République construite historiquement sur un socle de rationalité refoulant l’altérité, reste à interroger d’un point de vue critique.
Clinical Nurse Participation at Family Conferences in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Watson Anne C. , October Tessie W. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundClinical nurses attend family conferences in the intensive care unit, but their role during these meetings is not yet fully understood.ObjectivesTo assess perceived and observed contributions of the clinical nurse during family conferences.MethodsProspective cross-sectional survey and review of 40 audio-recorded family conferences conducted in the 44-bed pediatric intensive care unit of an urban pediatric hospital.ResultsSurvey responses from 47 nurses were examined. Most nurses thought it important to attend family conferences, but identified workload as a barrier to attendance. They perceived their roles as gaining firsthand knowledge of the discussion and providing a unique perspective regarding patient care, emotional support, and advocacy. Audio recordings revealed that bedside nurses attended 20 (50%) of 40 family conferences and spoke in 5 (25%) of the 20. Nurses verbally contributed 4.6% to the overall speech at the family conference, mostly providing information on patient care.ConclusionsThe clinical nurse is often absent or silent during family conferences in the intensive care unit, despite the important roles they want to play in these settings. Strategies to improve both the physical and verbal participation of clinical nurses during the family conference are suggested, especially in the context of previous research demonstrating the need for more attention in family conferences to social-emotional support and patient advocacy.
Five-Layered Soft Silicone Foam Dressing to Prevent Pressure Ulcers in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kalowes Peggy , Messina Valerie , Li Melanie 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundIn critically ill patients, prevention of pressure ulcers is a challenge because of the high risk for multiple comorbid conditions, immobility, hemodynamic instability, and increased use of medical devices.ObjectivesTo compare the difference in incidence rates of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) in critically ill patients between those treated with usual preventive care and a 5-layered soft silicone foam dressing versus a control group receiving usual care. Secondary goals were to examine risk factors for HAPUs in critically ill patients and to explicate cost savings related to prevention of pressure ulcers.MethodsA prospective, randomized controlled trial in the intensive care units at a 569-bed, level II trauma hospital. All 366 participants received standard pressure ulcer prevention; 184 were randomized to have a 5-layered soft silicone foam dressing applied to the sacrum (intervention group) and 182 to receive usual care (control group).ResultsThe incidence rate of HAPUs was significantly less in patients treated with the foam dressing than in the control group (0.7% vs 5.9%, P = .01). Time to injury survival analysis (Cox proportional hazard models) revealed the intervention group had 88% reduced risk of HAPU development (hazard ratio, 0.12 [95% CI, 0.02–0.98], P = .048).ConclusionUse of a soft silicone foam dressing combined with preventive care yielded a statistically and clinically significant benefit in reducing the incidence rate and severity of HAPUs in intensive care patients. This novel, cost-effective method can reduce HAPU incidence in critically ill patients.
EP4 Receptor–Associated Protein in Macrophages Protects against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Higuchi Sei , Fujikawa Risako , Ikedo Taichi , Hayashi Kosuke , Yasui Mika , Nagata Manabu , Nakatsuji Masato , Yokode Masayuki , Minami Manabu 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Excessive activation of inflammatory macrophages drives the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. EP4 receptor–associated protein (EPRAP) has been identified as a novel, anti-inflammatory molecule in macrophages. In this study, we investigated the role of EPRAP using a murine model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary inflammation. When compared with wild-type mice, EPRAP-deficient mice exhibited significantly higher mortality, and increased accumulation of macrophages and proinflammatory molecules in the lung 7 d post-BLM administration. Accordingly, the levels of phosphorylated p105, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 were elevated in EPRAP-deficient alveolar macrophages following BLM administration. In contrast, macrophage-specific EPRAP overexpression decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, suggesting that EPRAP in macrophages plays a key role in attenuating BLM-induced pulmonary inflammation. As EPRAP is phosphorylated after translation, we examined the role of posttranslational modifications in cellular inflammatory activation using mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) expressing mutant EPRAP proteins. Expression of mutant EPRAP, in which serine–108 and serine–608 were replaced with alanine (EPRAP S108A/S608A), markedly suppressed TNF-α production in LPS-treated MEFs. Conversely, the serine phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor, cantharidic acid, increased LPS-induced TNF-α production in MEFs expressing wild-type EPRAP, but not in MEFs expressing EPRAP S108A/S608A. Immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that EPRAP associated with PP2A in both MEFs and alveolar macrophages from BLM-treated mice. Our data suggest that PP2A dephosphorylates EPRAP, which may be a crucial step in exertion of its anti-inflammatory properties. For these reasons, we believe the EPRAP–PP2A axis in macrophages holds the key to treating chronic inflammatory disorders.
Expansion of Th17 Cells by Human Mast Cells Is Driven by Inflammasome-Independent IL-1β
Authors: Suurmond Jolien , Habets Kim L. L. , Dorjée Annemarie L. , Huizinga Tom W. , Toes René E. M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are most well known for their role in innate immune responses. However, MC are increasingly recognized as important regulators of adaptive immune responses, especially in setting the outcome of T cell responses. In this study we determined the effect of MC on cytokine production by naive and memory human Th cells. CD4+ T cells were cultured with MC supernatant or control medium, after which cytokine production by T cells was determined. Supernatant of activated MC specifically increased the number of IL-17–producing T cells. This enhancement of Th17 cell number was specifically observed for the memory CD4+ T cell population and not for the naive CD4+ T cell population. The effect of MC was inhibited for ∼80% by blocking Abs to IL-1β and the rIL-1R antagonist anakinra. Importantly, secretion of active IL-1β by MC was independent of caspase activity, indicating that Th17 cell expansion by MC occurred through inflammasome-independent IL-1β. Together, these studies reveal a role for human MC in setting the outcome of T cell responses through release of caspase-independent IL-1β, and provide evidence for a novel contribution of MC in boosting the Th17 axis in mucosal immune responses.
Identification and Actions of the Maresin 1 Metabolome in Infectious Inflammation
Authors: Colas Romain A. , Dalli Jesmond , Chiang Nan , Vlasakov Iliyan , Sanger Julia M. , Riley Ian R. , Serhan Charles N. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Maresin 1 (MaR1) is an immunoresolvent that governs resolution of acute inflammation, and its local metabolism in the context of infectious inflammation is of interest. In this study, we investigated the MaR1 metabolome in infectious exudates and its bioactions in regulating leukocyte responses in the context of bacterial infection. In Escherichia coli infectious exudates, MaR1 was temporally regulated with maximal levels at 4 h (2.2 ± 0.4 pg/lavage). In these exudates we also identified two novel products, and their structure elucidation gave 22-hydroxy-MaR1 and 14-oxo-MaR1. Using human primary leukocytes, we found that neutrophils primarily produced 22-OH-MaR1, whereas the main macrophage product was 14-oxo-MaR1. Both 22-OH-MaR1 and 14-oxo-MaR1 incubated with human primary macrophages gave dose-dependent increases in macrophage phagocytosis of ∼75% at 1 pM 22-OH-MaR1 and ∼25% at 1 pM 14-oxo-MaR1, whereas 14-oxo-MaR1 was less active than MaR1 at higher concentrations. Together these findings establish the temporal regulation of MaR1 during infectious inflammation, and elucidate the structures and actions of two novel MaR1 further metabolites that carry bioactivities.
Influence of Preadjusted Bracket Shape and Positioning Reference on Angulation of Upper Central Incisor
Authors: Cuoghi Osmar A , Topolski Francielle , de O Accorsi Mauricio A , Trevisi Hugo J , Moresca Ricardo 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
To verify the influence of different bracket shapes and placement references according to Andrews and MBT systems on the expression of angulation in upper central incisors (UCI).

Materials and methods
Bracket positioning and mesiodistal dental movement simulations were performed and the angulations produced in the dental crown were evaluated, based on computed tomography scan images of 30 UCI and AutoCAD software analysis. Rectangular (Andrews) and rhomboid (MBT) brackets were placed according to the references recommended by Andrews and MBT systems – long axis of the clinical crown (LACC) and incisal edge (IE) respectively.

Results
Data showed that the use of LACC as reference for bracket positioning produced 5° and 4° UCI angulations in Andrews and MBT brackets respectively. The use of IE produced a 1.2° mean angulation in UCI for both brackets.

Conclusion
When the LACC was used as reference for bracket positioning, the UCI crown angulation corresponded to the angulation built into the brackets, regardless of shape, while the use of IE resulted in natural crown angulation, regardless of bracket shape.

Clinical significance
This research contributes to guide the orthodontist in relation to the different treatment techniques based on the use of preadjusted brackets.

How to cite this article
Topolski F, de O Accorsi MA, Trevisi HJ, Cuoghi OA, Moresca R. Influence of Preadjusted Bracket Shape and Positioning Reference on Angulation of Upper Central Incisor. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(10):786-790.
Environmental drivers of coccolithophore abundance and calcification across
Drake Passage (Southern Ocean)
Authors: Charalampopoulou Anastasia , Poulton Alex J. , Bakker Dorothee C. E. , Lucas Mike I. , Stinchcombe Mark C. , Tyrrell Toby 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Although coccolithophores are not as numerically common or as diverse in the Southern Ocean as they are in subpolar waters of the North Atlantic, a few species, such as Emiliania huxleyi, are found during the summer months. Little is actually known about the calcite production (CP) of these communities or how their distribution and physiology relate to environmental variables in this region. In February 2009, we made observations across Drake Passage (between South America and the Antarctic Peninsula) of coccolithophore distribution, CP, primary production, chlorophyll a and macronutrient concentrations, irradiance and carbonate chemistry. Although CP represented less than 1 % of total carbon fixation, coccolithophores were widespread across Drake Passage. The B/C morphotype of E. huxleyi was the dominant coccolithophore, with low estimates of coccolith calcite (∼ 0.01 pmol C coccolith−1) from biometric measurements. Both cell-normalised calcification (0.01–0.16 pmol C cell−1 d−1) and total CP (< 20 µmol C m−3 d−1) were much lower than those observed in the subpolar North Atlantic where E. huxleyi morphotype A is dominant. However, estimates of coccolith production rates were similar (0.1–1.2 coccoliths cell−1 h−1) to previous measurements made in the subpolar North Atlantic. A multivariate statistical approach found that temperature and irradiance together were best able to explain the observed variation in species distribution and abundance (Spearman's rank correlation ρ =  0.4, p < 0.01). Rates of calcification per cell and coccolith production, as well as community CP and E. huxleyi abundance, were all positively correlated (p < 0.05) to the strong latitudinal gradient in temperature, irradiance and calcite saturation states across Drake Passage. Broadly, our results lend support to recent suggestions that coccolithophores, especially E. huxleyi, are advancing polewards. However, our in situ observations indicate that this may owe more to sea-surface warming and increasing irradiance rather than increasing CO2 concentrations.
Accuracy of snow depth estimation in mountain and prairie environments by an unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Harder Phillip , Schirmer Michael , Pomeroy John , Helgason Warren 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Quantifying the spatial distribution of snow is crucial to predict and assess its water resource potential and understand land–atmosphere interactions. High-resolution remote sensing of snow depth has been limited to terrestrial and airborne laser scanning and more recently with application of structure from motion (SfM) techniques to airborne (manned and unmanned) imagery. In this study, photography from a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to generate digital surface models (DSMs) and orthomosaics for snow cover at a cultivated agricultural Canadian prairie and a sparsely vegetated Rocky Mountain alpine ridgetop site using SfM. The accuracy and repeatability of this method to quantify snow depth, changes in depth and its spatial variability was assessed for different terrain types over time. Root mean square errors in snow depth estimation from differencing snow-covered and non-snow-covered DSMs were 8.8 cm for a short prairie grain stubble surface, 13.7 cm for a tall prairie grain stubble surface and 8.5 cm for an alpine mountain surface. This technique provided useful information on maximum snow accumulation and snow-covered area depletion at all sites, while temporal changes in snow depth could also be quantified at the alpine site due to the deeper snowpack and consequent higher signal-to-noise ratio. The application of SfM to UAV photographs returns meaningful information in areas with mean snow depth  >  30 cm, but the direct observation of snow depth depletion of shallow snowpacks with this method is not feasible. Accuracy varied with surface characteristics, sunlight and wind speed during the flight, with the most consistent performance found for wind speeds  < 10 m s−1, clear skies, high sun angles and surfaces with negligible vegetation cover.
Seasonal evolution of the effective thermal conductivity of the snow and the
soil in high Arctic herb tundra at Bylot Island, Canada
Authors: Domine Florent , Barrere Mathieu , Sarrazin Denis 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The values of the snow and soil thermal conductivity, ksnow and ksoil, strongly impact the thermal regime of the ground in the Arctic, but very few data are available to test model predictions for these variables. We have monitored ksnow and ksoil using heated needle probes at Bylot Island in the Canadian High Arctic (73° N, 80° W) between July 2013 and July 2015. Few ksnow data were obtained during the 2013–2014 winter, because little snow was present. During the 2014–2015 winter ksnow monitoring at 2, 12 and 22 cm heights and field observations show that a depth hoar layer with ksnow around 0.02 W m−1 K−1 rapidly formed. At 12 and 22 cm, wind slabs with ksnow around 0.2 to 0.3 W m−1 K−1 formed. The monitoring of ksoil at 10 cm depth shows that in thawed soil ksoil was around 0.7 W m−1 K−1, while in frozen soil it was around 1.9 W m−1 K−1. The transition between both values took place within a few days, with faster thawing than freezing and a hysteresis effect evidenced in the thermal conductivity–liquid water content relationship. The fast transitions suggest that the use of a bimodal distribution of ksoil for modelling may be an interesting option that deserves further testing. Simulations of ksnow using the snow physics model Crocus were performed. Contrary to observations, Crocus predicts high ksnow values at the base of the snowpack (0.12–0.27 W m−1 K−1) and low ones in its upper parts (0.02–0.12 W m−1 K−1). We diagnose that this is because Crocus does not describe the large upward water vapour fluxes caused by the temperature gradient in the snow and soil. These fluxes produce mass transfer between the soil and lower snow layers to the upper snow layers and the atmosphere. Finally, we discuss the importance of the structure and properties of the Arctic snowpack on subnivean life, as species such as lemmings live under the snow most of the year and must travel in the lower snow layer in search of food.
De homo psychologicus op het schip van staat
Authors: Schillemans Thomas , de Vries Gerdien 
Published: November 2016

Public administration and behavioral science
This theme issue analyzes and describes the different ways in which behavioral science is currently becoming integrated in public administration as a practice as well as an academic discipline. Many governments and public organizations are currently experimenting with ways to integrate behavioral insights in public policy and public administration. This theme issue addresses the state of the art and the most salient research issues. It does so by explicitly drawing on insights from scholars from both behavioral sciences as well as from public administration. We survey the major theoretical approaches from both fields, investigate up close and personal how real world policy makers are trying to integrate behavioral knowledge in their structures, routines and policies, and we look at some examples of the most promising behaviorally informed policies. The theme issue confirms and documents the sudden rise of behaviorally informed policy making. By doing so, the theme issue allays some of the concerns voiced in the literature. But the theme issues also draws attention to some new critical questions and debates.
Metodologické otázky srovnávací pedagogiky: podněty pro koncipování komparativních studií
Authors: Rabušicová Milada , Záleská Klára 
Published: November 2016

Cílem je v kritickém přehledu zhodnotit metodologické postupy, jež se objevily ve srovnávací pedagogice v průběhu jejího nedávného vývoje a jež jsou využívány aktuálně. Zdroje autorky hledaly převážně v zahraniční literatuře posledních dvou dekád. Metodologické otázky srovnávací pedagogiky se obvykle řeší v kategoriích účelů srovnávacích studií (deskripce, analýza, explanace, predikce), výzkumných paradigmat (kvalitativní, kvantitativní, kombinace), výzkumných designů (případové studie, large-scale surveys), různých teoretických a metodologických přístupů (pluralita metod a výzkumných technik), modelů komparace a šířky a hloubky záběru srovnávacích studií (lokální, regionální, globální), využívaných zdrojů (vlastní sběr dat, metaanalýza existujících dat, dokumenty), role výzkumníků a konečně jejich metodologických limitů. Účelem je poskytnout čtenáři obrázek o možných variantách, s nimiž může výzkumník vstupovat do designování své srovnávací studie, a to v některých případech i s příklady již realizovaných srovnávacích výzkumů.