bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a microstent system for minimally invasive glaucoma surgery
Authors: Siewert Stefan , Schmidt Wolfram , Kaule Sebastian , Kohse Stefanie , Stiehm Michael , Kopp Franziska , Stahnke Thomas , Guthoff Rudolf , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. An increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is known as major risk factor. Currently, drainage devices that are implanted by means of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) represent a promising approach for IOP low-ering. Commercially available devices for MIGS suffer from unregulated drainage involving ocular hypotony. Further-more, long term drainage capability of current devices is limited by fibrotic encapsulation processes. Therefore, our group focusses on the development of a valved drug-eluting microstent for MIGS. Within the current work, we developed two alternative injector devices for minimally invasive mi-crostent implantation. Both injector devices were based on a cannula in which the microstent is loaded and a mandrel inside the cannula. Injector device A is designed to push the microstent out of the cannula and injector device B is de-signed to withdraw the cannula above the microstent. Manu-facturing of injector devices was conducted using rapid prototyping. Simplified polymeric microstents were manu-factured from polycarbonate based silicone elastomer. Simulated use was performed in a silicone eye model. The presented injector devices were suitable for minimally in-vasive ab interno microstent implantation into suprachoroidal space. Ongoing miniaturization of the microstent system will allow the use of a 22 G cannula in future ex vivo experiments.
Domain topology of human Rasal
Authors: Cuellar Jorge , Valpuesta José María , Wittinghofer Alfred , Sot Begoña 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRasal is a modular multi-domain protein of the GTPase-activating protein 1 (GAP1) family; its four known members, GAP1m, Rasal, GAP1IP4BPand Capri, have a Ras GTPase-activating domain (RasGAP). This domain supports the intrinsically slow GTPase activity of Ras by actively participating in the catalytic reaction. In the case of Rasal, GAP1IP4BPand Capri, their remaining domains are responsible for converting the RasGAP domains into dual Ras- and Rap-GAPs, via an incompletely understood mechanism. Although Rap proteins are small GTPase homologues of Ras, their catalytic residues are distinct, which reinforces the importance of determining the structure of full-length GAP1 family proteins. To date, these proteins have not been crystallized, and their size is not adequate for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or for high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM). Here we present the low resolution structure of full-length Rasal, obtained by negative staining electron microscopy, which allows us to propose a model of its domain topology. These results help to understand the role of the different domains in controlling the dual GAP activity of GAP1 family proteins.
Cytoskeletal Stability in the Auditory OrganIn Vivo: RhoA Is Dispensable for Wound Healing but Essential for Hair Cell Development
Authors: Anttonen Tommi , Belevich Ilya , Laos Maarja , Herranen Anni , Jokitalo Eija , Brakebusch Cord , Pirvola Ulla 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWound healing in the inner ear sensory epithelia is performed by the apical domains of supporting cells (SCs). Junctional F-actin belts of SCs are thin during development but become exceptionally thick during maturation. The functional significance of the thick belts is not fully understood. We have studied the role of F-actin belts during wound healing in the developing and adult cochlea of micein vivo. We show that the thick belts serve as intracellular scaffolds that preserve the positions of surviving cells in the cochlear sensory epithelium. Junctions associated with the thick F-actin belts did not readily disassemble during wound healing. To compensate for this, basolateral membranes of SCs participated in the closure of surface breach. Because not only neighboring but also distant SCs contributed to wound healing by basolateral protrusions, this event appears to be triggered by contact-independent diffusible signals. In the search for regulators of wound healing, we inactivatedRhoAin SCs, which, however, did not limit wound healing.RhoAinactivation in developing outer hair cells (OHCs) caused myosin II delocalization from the perijunctional domain and apical cell-surface enlargement. These abnormalities led to the extrusion of OHCs from the epithelium. These results demonstrate the importance of stability of the apical domain, both in wound repair by SCs and in development of OHCs, and that only this latter function is regulated byRhoA. Because the correct cytoarchitecture of the cochlear sensory epithelium is required for normal hearing, the stability of cell apices should be maintained in regenerative and protective interventions.
Pressekooperationen nach der 9. GWB-Novelle
Authors: Haus Florian C. , Schmidt Fabian 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der Gesetzgeber der 9. GWB-Novelle hat eine vergleichsweise weitreichende Ausnahme vom Kartellverbot für wettbewerbsbeschränkende Kooperationen von Presseunternehmen geregelt. Vereinbarungen zwischen Zeitungs- oder Zeitschriftenverlagen über eine verlagswirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit unterfallen nicht mehr dem Kartellverbot, wenn sie dazu dienen (sollen), die wirtschaftliche Basis der Beteiligten im intermedialen Wettbewerb zu stärken. Ausgenommen hiervon sind Kooperationen im redaktionellen Bereich. Diese gesetzliche Erlaubnis wird allein begrenzt durch den Vorrang des europäischen Kartellrechts, dessen Anwendung an die Zwischenstaatlichkeitsklausel des Art. 101 Abs. 1 AEUV anknüpft. Die Neuregelung sieht zudem ein besonderes Antragsverfahren beim Bundeskartellamt zur Bestätigung der Kartellfreiheit einer konkreten Kooperation vor. Der nachfolgende Beitrag analysiert die Neuregelung und prüft dabei einige Praxisbeispiele.
Wenn Marktbeherrscher überhöhte Preise fordern dürfen
Authors: Steinvorth Till 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Am 24. 1. 2017 hat der BGH in der Sache „Kabelkanalanlagen“ ein Urteil gefällt, das beim ersten Hinsehen einen speziellen Fall eines Unternehmenserwerbs im regulierten Bereich des Telekommunikationsrechts betrifft und kaum zu Verallgemeinerungen taugt. Auf den zweiten Blick zeigt sich jedoch, dass die zentrale Frage des Falls in der Praxis mannigfaltig auftritt und weder auf bestimmte Branchen noch auf Unternehmenserwerbe beschränkt ist. Es ist die Frage, ob ein Anbieter der Missbrauchskontrolle des § 19 GWB unterfällt, wenn seine Abnehmer nach dem Erwerb eines Produkts auf weitere Materialien des Anbieters angewiesen sind. Üblicherweise taucht diese Frage im Zusammenhang mit Ersatzteilen, Zubehör oder Verbrauchsmaterialien auf. Vorliegend zeigt sie sich bei der Miete von Kabelkanälen für die Unterbringung von Breitbandkabeln.
BIOLOGI POPULASI RAJUNGAN(Portunus pelagicus) DI PERAIRANSEKITARWILAYAHPATI, JAWATENGAH
Authors: Ernawati Tri , Boer Mennofatria , Yonvitner Yonvitner 
Published: September 2017

Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) adalah salah satu komoditas perikanan yang sudah banyak dieksploitasi oleh nelayan tradisional. Penangkapan yang berlebihan merupakan salah satu penyebab menurunnya populasi alamidari rajungan. Kondisi tersebut dikhawatirkan akanmengancamkelestarian dan keberlanjutan pemanfaatannya, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang aspek biologi populasi rajungan untuk tujuan pengelolaan yang rasional di wilayah Pati. Penelitian dilakukan di perairan Pati dan sekitarnya sejak bulan Januari 2012 sampai dengan Maret 2013. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui rata-rata ukuran pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) dan matang gonad (Lm), sifat pertumbuhan, musim pemijahan dan jumlah telur individu betina rajungan. Data biologi rajungan yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari: ukuran lebar karapas, berat, jenis kelamin dan tingkat kematangan gonad betina. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa sebaran hasil tangkapan pada substrat yang berbeda relatif sama (ñ > 0.05). Ukuran rata-rata lebar karapas rajungan pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) oleh bubu lipat adalah 108 mm. Ukuran rata-rata lebar karapas rajungan pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) adalah 107 mm. Sifat pertumbuhanrajungan jantan dan betina adalah lebih cepat pertambahan bobot dibandingkan lebar karapasnya.Nisbah kelamin pada musim barat relatif seimbang (ñ < 0.05). Nisbah kelamin pada musim timur relatif tidak seimbang (ñ < 0.05). Reproduks terjadi sepanjang tahun. Jumlah total telur individu betina berkisar antara 351.214 sampai 1.347.029 butir dengan rata-rata 957.196 butir.Blue Swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) was one of fisheries commodity, intensively exploited by artisanal fisheries. Overfishing was caused of declining natural populations of crabs. Its was feared to threaten the preservation and sustainability of utilization. So it was necessary doing research on biological aspects of crab populations for the purpose of rational management in the region Pati. The study was conducted in Pati and surrounding waters from January 2012 toMarch 2013. The research were aimed to determine the mean size at first capture (Lc) and mean size at gonad maturity (Lm), growth characteristic, spawning season and fecundity of individual females crabs. Collecting crab biological data consists of: carapace width, weight, sex and maturity stage female gonads. The result showed that catch distribution on different substrates was not different (ñ>0,05). The mean size of crabs’s carapace width at first capture (Lc) by collapsible traps was 108 mm. The meansize at first mature of female crabs (Lm) was 107 mm. The growth type of male and female crab were positive allometric. Its means that gain of weight was rapidly than carapace width of crabs. Sex ratio between male andfemale inWest season was relative balanced but in East season was not balanced (ñ < 0.05). Spawning season of blue swimming crab is throughout the year. The total fecundity ranged from 351,214 – 1,347,029 eggs whichmean 957,196 eggs.
DISTRIBUSI SPASIO-TEMPORAL POPULASI RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus) BETINA MENGERAMI TELUR DI PERAIRAN PESISIR LAMPUNG TIMUR
Authors: Zairion Zairion , Wardianto Yusli , Fahrudin Achmad , Boer Mennofatria 
Published: September 2017

Distribusi spasio-temporal populasi rajungan betina yang mengerami telur (BEF) telah dikaji di perairan pesisir Lampung Timur. Penelitian dilakukan pada tiga stratifikasi kedalaman perairan: <5 m (strata S1), antara 5-10 m (strata S2), dan >10 m (strata S3) serta empat sub-area (A1-A4) di setiap stratum dari bulan Maret 2012-Februari 2013. Kelimpahan populasi rajungan BEF diindikasikan dengan proporsi rajungan BEF/betina tidak mengerami telur (NBF) dan BEF/total individu. Perbedaan proporsi dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA satu arah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proporsi rajungan BEF bervariasi secara spasial, ditemukan mulai dari strata S1 dan meningkat ke strata S3. Daerah pemijahan dan pembiakan yang dominan terdapat pada kedalaman air >5 m dan di sub-area A2 dan A3. Secara agregat, BEF ditemukan sepanjang tahun dengan dua puncak kelimpahan (Mei dan September-Oktober) sebagai puncakmusimpemijahan dan pembiakan. Proporsi rajungan BEF secara spasio temporal tumpang tindih dengan daerah penangkapan rajungan pada hampir semua musim. Diperlukan strategi pengelolaan pemanfataan yang sesuai untukmenunjang keberhasilan reproduksi, diantaranya penangkapan menggunakan alat yang dapat mempertahankan BEF dalam keadaan hidup selama terperangkap, kemudian melepaskannya atau memeliharanya di area tertentu sampai menetaskan telurnya sehingga dapat meningkatkan produksi larva dan pada akhirnya dapat mempertahankan populasi dan stok.Spatial-temporal distribution of berried females (BEFs) Portunus pelagicus was studied in East Lampung coastal waters. An investigation was conducted at three water depth stratifications, i.e., less than 5 m (stratum S1), between 5-10 m (stratum S2) and more than 10 m (stratum S3), as well as four sub-areas (A1 A4) in each of stratifications from March 2012 to February 2013. The abundance of BEF population was indicated by their proportion to non-berried females (NBFs) and to the total individual crabs, while the differences among the results were tested by one-way ANOVA test. The results showed that the proportions of BEFs varied spatially, increased from stratum S1 to S3. Spawning and breeding seemed to dominantly occur at water depth more than 5 m and A2 and A3 sub-areas. BEFs were found throughout the year with two peaks of its occurrence, i.e. in May and in September to October, and those months were considered as peak of spawning and breeding seasons. The spatial and temporal occurrence of BEFs overlapped with crab fishing grounds in most fishing seasons. An appropriate fisheries management strategy is required for their reproduction success. Capturing crab by using eco-friendly fishing gear that render caught BEFs alive and releasing them or keeping them in certain area for hatching their eggs would enhance larvae production to maintain population and stock.
KONDISI HIPOKSIA DAN LAJU DEKOMPOSISI BAHAN ORGANIK DI LOKASI BUDIDAYA IKAN WADUK IR.H. DJUANDA
Authors: Astuti Lismining Pujiyani , Adiwilaga Enan Mulyana , Setiawan Budi Indra , Pratiwi Niken Tanjung Murti 
Published: September 2017

Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda merupakan waduk multi fungsi yang salah satunya adalah untuk kegiatan budidaya ikan.Adanya input pakan dari kegiatan budidaya dapat menyebabkan peningkatan bahan organik dan penurunan konsentrasi oksigen terlarut. Kegiatan budidaya ikan dalam karamba jaring apung (KJA) menyumbang bahan organik ke perairan yang laju dekomposisinya (k) (per hari) dipengaruhi oleh suhu perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kedalaman hipoksia di lokasi karamba jaring apung untuk budidaya ikan diWaduk Ir. H. Djuanda dan pengaruh suhu terhadap besarnya laju dekomposisi bahan organik (k). Penelitian kondisi hipoksia dilakukan diWaduk Ir. H Djuanda dan selanjutnya pengamatan BOD untuk penentuan laju dekomposisi bahan organik di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Pemulihan dan Konservasi Sumberdaya Ikan pada bulan Februari–April 2013. Penentuan kondisi hipoksia berdasaran Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 82 Tahun 2001 dan penentuan laju dekomposisi berdasarkan Least SquareMethod. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedalaman hipoksia dimulai pada kedalaman 3 m dan laju dekomposisi bahan organik (k) tertinggi pada suhu 28,5 °C yaitu sebesar 0,189/hari.Ir H. Djuanda Reservoir is a multi-purpose reservoirs, one of which is for fisheries culture activity. Feed inputs from aquaculture activities can lead to an increase in organic matter and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration. Cultivation of fish in floating cage net contributing organic material into waters which the rate of organic matter decomposition (k) (per day) is affected by water temperature. The purpose of this study was to know the depth of hypoxia in floating cage net for fisheries culture in the Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir and the effect of temperature on the amount of organic matter decomposition rates (k). Observation of hypoxic conditions was conducted in Ir. H Djuanda Reservoir and furthermore observation of BOD to determine the rate of organic matter decomposition at Research Institute for Rehabilitation and Conservation of Fish Resources laboratory in February-April, 2013. Determination of hypoxic conditions based on Government Regulation of the Republic Indonesia Number 81 Year 2001 and the determination of the rate of decomposition based on Least Square Method. The results showed that the depth of hypoxia began at a depth of 3 m and the higher of decomposition rate of organic matter (k) was 0.189/day at temperature 28.5 ° C.
KORELASI PARAMETER MORFOMETRIK, NISBAH KELAMIN DAN KOMPOSISI UKURAN IKAN PEDANG (Xiphias gladius L.) DI SAMUDERA HINDIA
Authors: Setyadji Bram , Nugraha Budi 
Published: September 2017

Model pengkajian stok melalui data frekuensi panjang lebih banyak digunakan karena data tersebut paling banyak tersedia dan mudah didapatkan dibandingkan data pengukuran jaringan keras (sisik, otolith, sirip dan tulang belakang) dan tagging. Khusus untuk ikan pedang, data panjang yang tersedia sebagian besar tidak standar dikarenakan ikan pedang yang tertangkap langsung diproses di laut yang mana bagian kepala, sirip, isi perut dibuang. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan persamaan empiris untuk konversi dari ukuran non-standar ke standar sehingga bisa digunakan sebagai basis data pengkajian stok yang berbasis data tersebut. Data primer merupakan hasil observasi laut selama kurun waktuMaret 2011 sampai dengan Desember 2013, sedangkan data sekunder merupakan data observasi ilmiah Loka Penelitian Perikanan Tuna periode 2005-2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara beberapa parametermorfometrik ikan pedang yang diukur yakni panjang dari pangkal sirip dada ke ujung lekukan tengah sirip ekor (LJFL), panjang dari mata ke ujung lekukan tengah sirip ekor (EFL) dan panjang dari ujung rahang bawah ke ujung lekukan tengah sirip ekor (PFL) (R2 > 0,97; P < 0,01), akan tetapi tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata antara morfometri ikan pedang dan jenis kelamin (EFL-LJFL, P > 0,05 dan PFL-LJFL, P > 0,05). Hubungan antara nisbah kelamin dengan panjang ikan signifikan (Nisbah Kelamin = 0,0175 LJFL – 3,1001; n = 6, selang kelas 5 cm; P < 0,01) yang mana ikan pedang dengan ukuran lebih dari 260 cmadalah betina.Stock assessment models using length frequency data are more frequently used by Indonesian scientist due to its availability and easily obtained rather than skeletal parts or tagging data. As for swordfish most of the data vailable are not in standard form because most of swordfish landed are usually dressed at sea with various ways, so the length measurement are possible done afterward. There fore conversion among different length measurements is a necessity for assessment and management purposes. Primary data was collected from scientific observer program conducted between March 2011 and December 2013, while secondary data was obtained from 2005-2013. The results showed that the models are fit quite well for Lower Jaw Fork Length (LJFL), Eye Orbit Fork Length (EOFL) and Pectoral Fork Length (PFL) (R2> 0.97; P < 0.01) and there was no significant relationship between morphometric and sex (EFL-LJFL, P > 0.05 and PFL-LJFL, P > 0.05). Correlation between sex ratio and body size proved to be significant with nearly all of the swordfish >260 cm was female.
KOMPOSISI DANKELIMPAHAN LARVAIKAN SEBAGAI DASARPENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYAIKANDITELUKCEMPI, NUSATENGGARABARAT
Authors: Nastiti Adriani Sri , Putri Masayu Rahmia Anwar , Sentosa Agus Arifin 
Published: September 2017

Kawasan pesisir Teluk Cempi sangat penting bagi pemijahan dan perkembangan awal siklus hidup berbagai jenis ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang komposisi, kelimpahan dan sebaran larva ikan di Teluk Cempi, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September 2012 di perairan mangrove Teluk Cempi yang terdiri dari 17 titik sampling, meliputi daerah Jambu, Mbawi, Nowa, Woja dan Lara. Pengambilan sampel larva ikan dilakukan dengan menggunakan simple conical tow-net pada siang (pukul 09.00-16.00) dan malam hari (pukul 19.00-24.00). Hubungan antara kelimpahan larva ikan dengan parameter perairan menggunakan analisis korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada malam hari, jumlah famili dan kelimpahan larva ikan lebih tinggi (16 famili dengan rataan kelimpahan 471 ekor/1000m3) dibandingkan pada siang hari (14 famili dengan rata kelimpahan 281 ekor/1000m3). Kondisi ini diduga karena larva bersifat nocturnal. Tingginya kelimpahan dan sebaran larva Gobiidae hampir merata di semua stasiun menunjukkan bahwa Gobiidae memiliki toleransi yang tinggi terhadap fluktuasi kondisi lingkungan estuari Teluk Cempi. Suhu merupakan parameter perairan yang mempengaruhi kelimpahan larva ikan saat malam hari, sedangkan salinitas mempengaruhi kelimpahan larva ikan saat siang hari. The larva phase is the susceptible phase in fish cycle. Cempi bay as coastal area in Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara has vital role for fish spawning ground and first life cycle developing. This research aims to assess a difference of composition, abundance and distribution of fish larvae in Cempi Gulf based research period (day and night). The research was conducted on September 2012 in Mangrove waters of Cempi gulf, and collected from 17 point research stations that included Jambu, Mbawi, Nowa, Woja and Lara area. Fish larvae sampled using simple conical tow-net during the day time (09.00 AM – 04.00 PM) and night time (07.00 - 12.00 PM). The relationship between the abundance of larval fish and the water parameters were examined using correlation analysis. In the night time, the family number and larval abundance were higher (16 families and 471 fish/1000m3) than day time (14 families and 281 fish/1000m3). This condition probably due to nocturnal behavior of larvae. Family Gobiidae mostly found in all stations. That condition reflected high tolerance of Gobiidae to the variation of environmental conditions in Cempi bay. Water temperature likely influenced the abundance during night time, while during day time the abundance likely affected by salinity.
Lipid Emulsion, More Than Reversing Bupivacaine Cardiotoxicity: Potential Organ Protection
Authors: Motayagheni Negar , Phan Sheshanna , Nozari Ala , Atala Anthony 
Published: September 2017

Efforts to develop a treatment for bupivacaine cardiotoxicity led to the discovery that Intralipid, a popular brand of intravenous lipid emulsion, could be used not only as an effective treatment for anesthetic-induced cardiac arrest, but also as a means of reversing many other toxicities. Contradictory data exist regarding the mechanism of action of lipid emulsion, a combination of fatty acids traditionally used in parenteral nutrition. Some researchers attribute the effects to lipophilicity and the individual characteristics of the lipids, while other data demonstrate a direct empowering mechanism through cellular upstream and downstream pathways. Understanding the underlying mechanism of action of this safe source of calories may assist in the development of novel organ protective agents. In this review, some of the direct cardiac effects of lipid emulsion are briefly discussed. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
In vitro and in silico Approaches to Study Cytochrome P450-Mediated Interactions
Authors: Tan Boon Hooi , Pan Yan , Dong Amelia Nathania , Ong Chin Eng 
Published: September 2017

In vitro and in silico models of drug metabolism are utilized regularly in the drug research and development as tools for assessing pharmacokinetic variability and drug-drug interaction risk. The use of in vitro and in silico predictive approaches offers advantages including guiding rational design of clinical drug-drug interaction studies, minimization of human risk in the clinical trials, as well as cost and time savings due to lesser attrition during compound development process. This article gives a review of some of the current in vitro and in silico methods used to characterize cytochrome P450(CYP)-mediated drug metabolism for estimating pharmacokinetic variability and the magnitude of drug-drug interactions. Examples demonstrating the predictive applicability of specific in vitro and in silico approaches are described. Commonly encountered confounding factors and sources of bias and error in these approaches are presented. With the advent of technological advancement in high throughput screening and computer power, the in vitro and in silico methods are becoming more efficient and reliable and will continue to contribute to the process of drug discovery, development and ultimately safer and more effective pharmacotherapy. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.