bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La estructura urbana de Buenos Aires
Authors: Villaça Flávio 
Published: January 2017

Este artículo se propone a aplicar a Buenos Aires la metodología de estudio de la estructura urbana utilizada por el autor para analizar las metrópolis brasileñas. Se considera como estructura urbana al arreglo espacial de las viviendas y las actividades urbanas (económicas o no). Este arreglo no es aleatorio y sigue una ley – la ley del mercado, particularmente del mercado de tierras. Estudiamos este arreglo espacial a través de la segregación urbana, considerada según dos clases sociales – los más ricos y los más pobres – y según regiones urbanas; no más según barrios, como en los tradicionales estudios desegregación. Se observa que en Buenos Aires los más pobres se concentran especialmente en el sur y los más ricos en el norte: en las metrópolis brasileñas hay, invariablemente, una parte del sitio natural que se destaca por ser más atrayente y que es ocupada por los más ricos. En Buenos Aires eso no ocurre, pues el sitio natural es mucho más homogéneo. Sin embargo, como en las metrópolis brasileñas, hay una evidente segregación entre los más ricos y los más pobres; los primeros jamás abandonan su dirección de crecimiento. La investigación busca comprender la razón de estos procesos. Palabras-clave: estructura urbana; segregación urbana; clases sociales; concentración; sitio natural. Abstract: In this paper we propose to apply to Buenos Aires the methodology used by the author in the study of urban structure of Brazilian metropolises. Urban structure is thought of as the spatial arrangement of social classes and activities. This arrangement follows a law: the market law, more precisely, the “land market” law. We analyze this arrangement through urban segregation, considering the upper and the lower social classes and urban regions, not neighborhoods, as considered in mainstream segregation studies. In Buenos Aires, rich people gather in the north and poor in the south (the reverse is not true). In Brazilian metropolises upper income social classes invariably occupy attractive places; this doesn’t occur in Buenos Aires, where the natural site is very homogeneous. Nevertheless there is a clear class segregation and upper classes do not abandon their growth direction. The paper tries to understand and explain these processes. Keywords: urban structure; urban segregation; social classes; concentration; natural site.
O lugar do regional na indústria do petróleo
Authors: Piquet Rosélia Périssé da Silva 
Published: January 2017

O presente texto tem o propósito de discutir uma questão candente do debate energético da atualidade: um país seria abençoado por dispor de ricas reservas de petróleo e gás ou as fartas rendas provenientes de sua exploração produziriam uma espécie de “maldição” por limitarem a expansão de outros setores produtivos? A avaliação dos impactos dessa indústria é complexa, por existirem profundas distinções entre os processos de mudança que é capaz de provocar no plano nacional ou nas áreas em que se localiza. O texto é centrado na análise das fases de exploração e produção, onde ocorrem os maiores investimentos e se registram os mais significativos efeitos multiplicadores dessa indústria, tendo como referência o caso brasileiro. Existindo ainda no Brasil a peculiaridade das principais ocorrências serem na plataforma continental marítima, com marcada concentração da produção na Bacia de Campos, os impactos regionais da indústria são analisados tomando-se o caso da região Norte Fluminense como base empírica de referência. Palavras-chave: indústria de petróleo; investimentos petrolíferos; impactos regionais; Norte Fluminense; efeitos multiplicadores. Abstract: This text aims to discuss a weighty issue of the current energy debate: having rich reserves of oil and gas would be a blessing for a country or the hefty revenues of the exploration of these resources would produce some kind of “curse” by limiting the expansion of other productive sectors? The evaluation of the impacts of this industry is complex for existing deep differences between the changing processes that they can be able to cause in a national level or in the areas they are located in. The text is focused in the phases of exploration and production, in which occur the major investments and are noticed the most significant multiplying effects of this industry, having the Brazilian case as reference. As Brazil has the peculiarity of having the main occurrences in the offshore continental platform, with stressed concentration of the production in Campos Bay, the regional impacts of the industry are analyzed having the case of the North of Rio de Janeiro State as an empirical database of reference. Keywords: oil industry; oil investments; regional impacts; North of Rio de Janeiro State; multiplying effects.
Espacializando o desenvolvimentismo – imaginário, escalas e regulação
Authors: Souza Marcos Barcellos de 
Published: January 2017

O recente debate sobre um possível retorno do “Desenvolvimentismo” ao Brasil traz à tona diversas questões que têm sido acompanhadas de polêmicos debates, sobretudo no campo da macroeconomia e das políticas sociais. Acreditamos tratar-se de excelente oportunidade para se (re)pensar as bases espaciais do desenvolvimentismo, pois estas fornecerão subsídios fundamentais para entender as opções e estratégias em tela. O presente artigo visa apontar algumas lacunas na construção do imaginário espacial desenvolvimentista e sugerir elementos metodológicos e conceituais para a compreensão dos processos espaciais na vigência de um “novo” desenvolvimentismo. Neste sentido, defendemos uma preocupação com o reescalonamento espacial do Estado e propomos a articulação da Abordagem da Regulação com uma interpretação de inspiração neo-gramsciana. Para ilustrar este argumento, aplicamos estes conceitos numa releitura da “questão regional” no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Estado; desenvolvimentismo; nacionalismo metodológico; reescalonamento; abordagem da regulação; hegemonia. Abstract: The recent debate about a possible return to “Developmentalism” in Brazil brings out several issues that have been accompanied by polemical debates, especially in the fields of macroeconomics and social policies. We believe this is also an excellent opportunity to revisit the spatial bases of “developmentalism”, as they provide subsidies to understand the current options and strategies at stake. This article aims to highlight some shortcomings in the construction of the developmental spatial imaginary and to suggest some methodological and conceptual elements to understand the spatial processes under a “new developmentalism”. Therefore, we stress the changing state territoriality and state rescaling and propose an articulation of the Regulation Approach and a neo-Gramscian analysis. In order to illustrate this argument, we apply these concepts in a study of the “regional problem” in Brazil. Keywords: State; developmentalism; methodological nationalism; rescaling; regulation approach; hegemony.
Treating HIV in the Bronx and Beyond: How the Center for AIDS Research at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center is Working Toward the Future
Authors: Cosenza-Nashat Melissa 
Published: January 2017

This review provides a historical perspective on research performed at both the Albert Einstein College of Medicine (AECOM) and the Montefiore Medical Center (MMC). It discusses how the Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) has been an invaluable resource for the network of investigators at AECOM/MMC and it surveys the past and current HIV-related research projects in the Bronx and beyond.
Intersex Management in the United States and Non-Western Cultures
Authors: Tell Shoshana 
Published: January 2017

In Western nations, there is growing agreement about ethical approaches to clinical intersex management. At the same time, as Western-trained physicians increasingly encounter intersex patients in other parts of the world, new ethical tensions arise. Which cultural values are fair parameters for gender-assignment decision-making, particularly in cultural milieus where there is social and economic inequality between the sexes? How can physicians uphold universal bioethical principles while remaining culturally sensitive? Physicians have a primary commit- ment to patient beneficence and universal human rights, requiring physicians to promote concordance between the child’s assigned gender and his or her likely future gender identity. Ultimately, the potential patient distress posed by gender dysphoria fundamentally outweighs the influence of local cultural factors such as economics, gender politics, and homophobia.
Preemptive Use of Eculizumab for Living-Donor Kidney Transplantation in a Child with Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Akchurin Oleh , Dogra Samriti , Kaskel Frederick , Jan Dominique , Greenstein Stuart , Del Rio Marcela 
Published: January 2017

Eculizumab is an anti-complement C5 monoclonal antibody that has recently been reported as an effective therapy for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. However, few data are available on the preemptive use of this medication in pediatric kidney transplantation. This report describes a successful preemptive use of eculizumab in combination with living unrelated kidney transplanta- tion in a 10-year-old child with end-stage renal disease secondary to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome who has a complement factor H mutation that has not been previously reported. Further observations and clinical trials are required to address the challenges and areas of uncertainty related to preemptive eculizumab therapy for kidney transplantation in children and adults with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Bithalamic Dysfunction in Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
Authors: Nariai Hiroki , Mittelmann Eric , Farmakidis Constantine , Zampolin Richard L. , Robbins Matthew S. 
Published: January 2017

We describe a 65-year-old, nonalcoholic, right-handed female with multiple vascular risk factors who developed transient visuospatial hemineglect and global aphasia after presenting with the classic triad of Wernicke’s encephalopathy (mental status changes, nystagmus/ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia). A brain MRI showed no evidence of acute infarction, but demonstrated signal change in the medial thalami and mammillary bodies. Intravenous thiamine therapy was given, and visuospatial hemineglect and ophthalmoplegia disappeared while the aphasia improved. The occurrence of these acute transient clinical features has not been previously reported in Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
Axillobifemoral Bypass Graft: A Student Dissection Experience
Authors: Matakas Jason D. , English Keara , Allyn Katherine , Algava Diane , Howe Ruth A. , Mishall Priti L. , Downie Sherry A. 
Published: January 2017

As first-year medical students, we were excited, but nervous, to start the anatomy course. We were prepared to dedicate ourselves to the physical demands of dissection, and the hours of memorizing names and relations of countless anatomic features. We expected to leave the anatomy course with a comprehensive understanding of the human body that we would apply to our future studies and careers. We were not prepared, however, for the experience we had with our cadaver, Lucy.* Lucy was a small woman, but as we learned, she had endured a lot, physically and medically, in her 83 years of life. She had a pacemaker. She had coronary artery disease and a triple bypass procedure. She also had severe peripheral artery disease and had undergone at least one extraordinary surgical graft procedure to maintain blood flow into her lower extremities. The surprise of discovering a small piece of an axillobifemoral bypass graft and then continuing to uncover it, region by region, throughout the anatomy course, brought our dissection experience and our connection to Lucy to a more profound level than we could ever have anticipated.*The name Lucy was chosen as a pseudonym to protect the identity of the cadaver.
Algorithm for bionic hand reconstruction in patients with global brachial plexopathies
Authors: Hruby Laura A. , Sturma Agnes , Mayer Johannes A. , Pittermann Anna , Salminger Stefan , Aszmann Oskar C. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVEGlobal brachial plexus lesions with multiple root avulsions are among the most severe nerve injuries, leading to lifelong disability. Fortunately, in most cases primary and secondary reconstructions provide a stable shoulder and restore sufficient arm function. Restoration of biological hand function, however, remains a reconstructive goal that is difficult to reach. The recently introduced concept of bionic reconstruction overcomes biological limitations of classic reconstructive surgery to restore hand function by combining selective nerve and muscle transfers with elective amputation of the functionless hand and its replacement with a prosthetic device. The authors present their treatment algorithm for bionic hand reconstruction and report on the management and long-term functional outcomes of patients with global brachial plexopathies who have undergone this innovative treatment.METHODSThirty-four patients with posttraumatic global brachial plexopathies leading to loss of hand function consulted the Center for Advanced Restoration of Extremity Function between 2011 and 2015. Of these patients, 16 (47%) qualified for bionic reconstruction due to lack of treatment alternatives. The treatment algorithm included progressive steps with the intent of improving the biotechnological interface to allow optimal prosthetic hand replacement. In 5 patients, final functional outcome measurements were obtained with the Action Arm Research Test (ARAT), the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP), and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire.RESULTSIn all 5 patients who completed functional assessments, partial hand function was restored with bionic reconstruction. ARAT scores improved from 3.4 ± 4.3 to 25.4 ± 12.7 (p = 0.043; mean ± SD) and SHAP scores improved from 10.0 ± 1.6 to 55 ± 19.7 (p = 0.042). DASH scores decreased from 57.9 ± 20.6 to 32 ± 28.6 (p = 0.042), indicating decreased disability.CONCLUSIONSThe authors present an algorithm for bionic reconstruction leading to useful hand function in patients who lack biological treatment alternatives for a stiff, functionless, and insensate hand resulting from global brachial plexopathies.
Cancer cachexia awareness, diagnosis, and treatment are lacking among oncology providers
Authors: Barton Mary Kay 
Published: January 2017

Key Points

Cancer cachexia appears to be underrecognized and undertreated by oncology HCPs in a multinational study.
Cancer cachexia is a poor prognostic indicator that can profoundly affect well‐being and the ability to tolerate cancer treatments.
Early identification of and intervention for cancer cachexia are needed as well as more effective treatments.
Outcome of nonunion fractures in dogs treated with fixation, compression resistant matrix, and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2
Authors: Massie Anna , Fuller Mark , Verstraete Frank , Arzi Boaz , Kapatkin Amy 
Published: January 2017

SummaryObjectives: To report the use of compression resistant matrix (CRM) infused with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) prospectively in the healing of non union long-bone fractures in dogs.Methods: A longitudinal cohort of dogs that were presented with nonunion fractures were classified and treated with CRM soaked with rhBMP-2 and fracture fixation. They were followed with serial radiographs and evaluated for healing times and complications according to the time frame and definitions previously established for orthopaedic clinical cases.Results: Eleven nonunion fractures in nine dogs were included. Median healing time was 10 weeks (range: 7–20 weeks). Major perioperative complications due to bandage morbidity were encountered in two of 11 limbs and resolved. All other complications were minor. They occurred perioperatively in eight of 11 limbs. Minor follow-up complications included short-term in one of two limbs, mid-term in one of three, and long-term in four of five limbs. Nine limbs returned to full function and two limbs returned to acceptable function at the last follow-up.Clinical significance: Nonunion fractures given a poor prognosis via standard-of-care treatment were successfully repaired using CRM with rhBMP-2 accompanying fixation. These dogs, previously at high risk of failure, returned to full or acceptable function.
Ultrasound-guided approach to the cervical articular process joints in horses: a validation of the technique in cadavers
Authors: Stack John , Rowan Conor , Handel Ian , O’Leary John , Johnson Jessica 
Published: January 2017

Summary
Objectives: To compare accuracy of the ultrasound-guided craniodorsal (CrD) approach with the dorsal (D) approach to the cervical articular process joints, and to evaluate the effect of the transducer, needle gauge, and operator experience.
Methods: Cervical articular process joints from 14 cadaveric neck specimens were injected using either a D or CrD approach, a linear (13 MHx) or microconvex transducer (10 MHz), and an 18 or 20 gauge needle, by an experienced or inexperienced operator. Injectate consisted of an iodinated contrast material solution. Time taken for injection, number of redirects, and retrieval of synovial fluid were recorded. Accuracy was assessed using a scoring system for contrast seen on computed tomography (CT).
Results: The successful performance of intraarticular injections of contrast detected by CT using the D (61/68) and CrD (57/64) approaches was comparable. No significant effect of approach, transducer or needle gauge was observed on injection accuracy, time taken to perform injection, or number of redirects. The 18 gauge needle had a positive correlation with retrieval of synovial fluid. A positive learning curve was observed for the inexperienced operator.
Clinical relevance: Both approaches to the cervical articular process joints were highly accurate. Ultrasound-guided injection of the cervical articular process joints is an easilylearnt technique for an inexperienced veterinarian. Either approach may be employed in the field with a high level of accuracy, using widely available equipment.
THE IMPACT OF FEEDBACK DURING MASSIVE STAR FORMATION BY CORE ACCRETION
Authors: Tanaka Kei E. I. , Tan Jonathan C. , Zhang Yichen 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We study feedback during massive star formation using semi-analytic methods, considering the effects of disk winds, radiation pressure, photoevaporation, and stellar winds, while following protostellar evolution in collapsing massive gas cores. We find that disk winds are the dominant feedback mechanism setting star formation efficiencies (SFEs) from initial cores of ∼0.3–0.5. However, radiation pressure is also significant to widen the outflow cavity causing reductions of SFE compared to the disk-wind only case, especially for

>
100

M

⊙

star formation at clump mass surface densities

Σ

cl

≲
0.3

g

cm

−
2

. Photoevaporation is of relatively minor importance due to dust attenuation of ionizing photons. Stellar winds have even smaller effects during the accretion stage. For core masses

M

c

≃
10

–

1000

M

⊙

and

Σ

cl

≃
0.1

–

3

g

cm

−
2

, we find the overall SFE to be

ε

¯

*
f

=
0.31

(

R

c

/

0.1

pc
)

−
0.39

, potentially a useful sub-grid star formation model in simulations that can resolve pre-stellar core radii,

R

c

=
0.057

(

M

c

/

60

M

⊙

)

1

/

2

(

Σ

cl

/

g

cm

−
2

)

−
1

/

2

pc

. The decline of SFE with M

c
is gradual with no evidence for a maximum stellar-mass set by feedback processes up to stellar masses of

m

*

∼
300

M

⊙

. We thus conclude that the observed truncation of the high-mass end of the IMF is shaped mostly by the pre-stellar core mass function or internal stellar processes. To form massive stars with the observed maximum masses of ∼150–

300

M

⊙

, initial core masses need to be

≳
500

–

1000

M

⊙

. We also apply our feedback model to zero-metallicity primordial star formation, showing that, in the absence of dust, photoevaporation staunches accretion at

∼
50

M

⊙

. Our model implies radiative feedback is most significant at metallicities

∼

10

−
2

Z

⊙

, since both radiation pressure and photoevaporation are effective in this regime.
MINIFILAMENT ERUPTION AS THE SOURCE OF A BLOWOUT JET, C-CLASS FLARE, AND TYPE-III RADIO BURST
Authors: Hong Junchao , Jiang Yunchun , Yang Jiayan , Li Haidong , Xu Zhe 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
We report a strong minifilament eruption associated with Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite C1.6 flare and WIND type-III radio burst. The minifilament, which lies at the periphery of active region 12259, is detected by Hα images from the New Vacuum Solar Telescope. The minifilament undergoes a partial and then a full eruption. Simultaneously, two co-spatial jets are successively observed in extreme ultraviolet images from the Solar Dynamic Observatory. The first jet exhibits a typical fan-spine geometry, suggesting that the co-spatial minifilament is possibly embedded in magnetic fields with a fan-spine structure. However, the second jet displays blowout morphology when the entire minifilament erupts upward, leaving behind a hard X-ray emission source in the base. Differential emission measure analyses show that the eruptive region is heated up to about 4 MK during the fan-spine jet, while up to about 7 MK during the blowout jet. In particular, the blowout jet is accompanied by an interplanetary type-III radio burst observed by WIND/WAVES in the frequency range from above 10 to 0.1 MHz. Hence, the minifilament eruption is correlated with the interplanetary type-III radio burst for the first time. These results not only suggest that coronal jets can result from magnetic reconnection initiated by erupting minifilaments with open fields, but also shed light on the potential influence of minifilament eruption on interplanetary space.
CLUSTERING OF INFRARED-BRIGHT DUST-OBSCURED GALAXIES REVEALED BY THE HYPER SUPRIME-CAM AND WISE
Authors: Toba Yoshiki , Nagao Tohru , Kajisawa Masaru , Oogi Taira , Akiyama Masayuki , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Coupon Jean , Strauss Michael A. , Wang Wei-Hao , Tanaka Masayuki , Niida Mana , Imanishi Masatoshi , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Matsuhara Hideo , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Onoue Masafusa , Terashima Yuichi , Ueda Yoshihiro , Harikane Yuichi , Komiyama Yutaka , Miyazaki Satoshi , Noboriguchi Akatoki , Usuda Tomonori 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
We present measurements of the clustering properties of a sample of infrared (IR) bright dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs). Combining 125 deg2 of wide and deep optical images obtained with the Hyper Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope and all-sky mid-IR images taken with Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, we have discovered 4367 IR-bright DOGs with

and flux density at 22

mJy. We calculate the angular autocorrelation function (ACF) for a uniform subsample of 1411 DOGs with 3.0 mJy < flux (22

) < 5.0 mJy and

< 24.0. The ACF of our DOG subsample is well-fit with a single power law,

= (0.010 ± 0.003)

, where θ is in degrees. The correlation amplitude of IR-bright DOGs is larger than that of IR-faint DOGs, which reflects a flux dependence of the DOG clustering, as suggested by Brodwin et al. We assume that the redshift distribution for our DOG sample is Gaussian, and consider two cases: (1) the redshift distribution is the same as IR-faint DOGs with flux at 22

< 1.0 mJy, mean and sigma z = 1.99 ± 0.45, and (2) z = 1.19 ± 0.30, as inferred from their photometric redshifts. The inferred correlation length of IR-bright DOGs is r
0 = 12.0 ± 2.0 and 10.3 ± 1.7

Mpc, respectively. IR-bright DOGs reside in massive dark matter halos with a mass of

and

in the two cases, respectively.