bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Multi-Parameter Collaborative Operation Optimization of Bypass Flue Gas Waste Heat Recovery System of 1000MW Coal-Fired Unit
Authors: Chen Xun , Feng Youlin , Zhou Ke , Zhu Guangming , Liu Ming , Xu Shu , Li Mengjie , Yan Junjie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Flue gas waste heat recovery is an important means to improve the efficiency of coal-fired units and reduce carbon emissions per unit of power generation, and the flue gas waste heat recovery system using the arrangement of front heater and air preheater bypass flue heat exchanger has the advantage of large energy-saving potential, but the system structure is complex, and the collaborative operation and optimisation of multi-parameters is difficult. Taking a 1000MW coal-fired generating unit as example, a variable operating condition calculation model of bypass flue gas waste heat recovery system is established to analyse the actual operation effect of the system and the influence law of regulating operation parameters on the energy-saving benefit of the unit and the operation safety of the system (mainly the risk of acid corrosion on low-temperature heating surfaces); increasing the proportion of flue gas flow in the bypass of the air preheater, the standard coal saving is firstly increased and then reduced, and the operation safety of the system is reduced; adjusting the water flow rate of bypass flue heat exchanger has an influence on the economy of the unit. Adjusting the bypass flue heat exchanger water flow rate has a more sensitive effect on the unit economy, and when it is larger than a certain threshold, the standard coal consumption rate of power generation increases, but the effect on the heat recovery system safety is smaller; adjusting the circulating water flow rate of the front preheating system and the circulating water splitting coefficient is an effective measure to improve the system operation safety, but it needs to be combined with other control measures to reduce the effect on the system economy. Further, the NSGA-II algorithm was used to perform a multi-parameter collaborative optimisation of the system, after which the coal consumption rate was reduced by 0.63 g (kWh)−1 compared to the pre-optimisation rate while ensuring safe operation under the turbine heat acceptance (THA) condition.
Impact of the Availability of Critical Minerals on Energy From Hydrogen
Authors: Soto Crisanto Magali Itzai , Singh Aanya , Resendiz Facio Luis Angel , Joao Imerson , Mohsin Batool 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Critical minerals such as platinum, iridium, lithium, titanium, silver, nickel, etc., are required in all the hydrogen economy processes. The demand for critical minerals is expected to increase as the global energy sector anticipates a transition to hydrogen. This can cause demand competition with other industries, leading to economic, geographic, technical, social, and environmental obstacles in their supply chain. Excessive extraction of primary minerals can cause a depletion of quality reserves, leading to a degradation in the quality of the mined minerals. Moreover, a reduction in the reserves would lead to price escalation of these minerals, making the energy transition economically unfeasible. Therefore, understanding and mitigating these issues is imperative in facilitating a smoother transition to a resilient hydrogen-based economy. This paper discusses the possible challenges in the supply of critical minerals essential for the hydrogen economy and the possible ways to mitigate these challenges. The key philosophies behind the sustenance of the mineral supply chain are material and technology substitution, reduction in material concentration, and circularity.
Ammonia Cracking As Auxiliary System for Gas Turbine: Preliminary Studies
Authors: Romano Christian , Bellotti Daria , Pucci Egidio , Fadlun Ever , Roma Michele , Ghezzi Sergio , Manferino Geremia , Anfosso Chiara , Monacchini Chiara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the competitive and rapidly evolving market toward the decarbonization of the energy production sector, the gas turbine’s ability to handle different carbon-free fuels is more and more required, as additional fuel flexibility compared to the standard natural gas combustion. Such design requirement for the development of gas turbine combustion systems drives the designers to also evaluate the introduction of pre-conditioning systems for the fuel, as in the case of ammonia combustion.
Combustion studies and experiences demonstrate a beneficial effect if ammonia, used as fuel, is doped with a more reactive molecule like hydrogen or other low-carbon species; in this way, flame stabilization and a broader combustor control capability can be guaranteed. Ammonia cracking is a very well-known process that could be used to create a fuel mixture of NH3, H2, and N2 adequately converted to satisfy the minimum hydrogen requirement for combustion stability and NOX minimization.
Current commercial cracking reactors operate at elevated temperatures (higher than 700 °C) and low pressures (less than 5 bar) with catalysts made typically of Ru and Pd metals, while recent development trends are oriented to adopt catalysts with an active phase more affordable respect to Ru and Pd, which are expensive and with limited availability. Furthermore, research is also focusing on the reduction of the working temperature below 500 °C and the increase of operating pressure above 30 bars approximately; in this way, it is possible to conceive an ammonia cracking system able to generate an appropriate fuel for a dedicated gas-turbine engine connected to the process. Being the cracking reaction endothermic, gas turbine exhaust heat can be conveniently used to increase the whole process efficiency: the lower the reactor required temperature, the higher the benefit in the thermodynamic achievable efficiency.
An additional important key element for the gas-turbine application would be the flexibility of the cracking system to regulate the fuel composition. Gas-turbine operability requirements could involve a change of the fuel characteristics to control combustion or emissions; this could be transferred to the cracking system by controlling one of its degrees of freedom like heat supply or internal bypass.
The present work describes the preliminary studies done on Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie (Baker Hughes company) gas turbines family, aimed to understand benefits that could be achieved in terms of thermodynamic cycle efficiency, showing energetic and exergetic analyses for some case studies. The identification of the best cracking reactor that could manage the outlet gas composition, according to the specific requirements of gas-turbine operability, will be described as well.
Performance Assessment of Waste Coal and Torrefied Pine Biomass Co-Fired Power Plants With Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies
Authors: Bhoi Prakash , Gbadamosi-Olatunde Olanrewaju , Sarkar Surja 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Climate change is a prominent global concern that has recently received significant attention. Approximately 60% of the fuel used in generating electricity in the US consists of coal, natural gas, and petroleum fuels, which contribute to global warming. Co-firing refers to the combustion of biomass, such as wood chips or agricultural waste, together with residual coal in power plants to generate energy. Due to its lower carbon footprint and potential to contribute to achieving zero carbon emissions, the utilization of biomass for heat and electricity generation is experiencing significant growth. This study aims to assess the performance and emission characteristics of torrefied biomass and waste coal co-fired Net 100 MW subcritical power plants using the power plant modeling software STEAM PRO. The considered feedstocks for this study are anthracite waste coal and torrefied loblolly pine biomass. The performance and emissions of the co-fired plants were analyzed at different co-firing ratios with and without the incorporation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. The results show that at higher torrefied biomass co-firing ratios, the net plant efficiency of the co-fired plants increases while the plant total emissions of the co-fired plants gradually decrease, such as at 100% biomass CFB-fired power plants, the net plant efficiency increases by around 3.34% while the plant total CO2 emissions decrease by approximately 9.76% compared to 100% coal-fired case. The incorporation of CCS results in a significantly negligible value of the plant total emissions but reduces the net plant efficiency of the plant due to the additional load required to operate CCS.
Polyethylene Terephthalate Gasification Using CO2: Impact of SFCC Catalyst Contact Mode and Amount
Authors: Aktaş Fatih , Burra Kiran G. , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The influence of spent fluid catalytic cracking (sFCC) catalyst on CO2-assisted gasification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was investigated at 900 °C using a semi-batch fixed-bed reactor. The effects of catalyst amount and contact mode on the release of synthesis gas (syngas) and char yields were studied. sFCC catalysis increased the maximum syngas yield by about 45% and energy yield by 60% in comparison to non-catalytic gasification. High syngas energy was extracted during CO2-assisted catalytic gasification, revealing the efficacy of sFCC and CO2 in PET conversion. The efficiency comparison with different amounts of catalyst revealed that the catalyst is more effective in a quasi-in-situ mode wherein the catalyst was located downstream of the feedstock sample at approximately 1.5 to 2 cm. This mode resulted in effective thermal cracking of the sample without posing limitations on the solid-solid heat transfer. Catalytic gasification using CO2 produced 1.2 times more combustible gas than the feedstock mass, implying CO2 consumption of more than 0.2 grams to create combustible gases (such as H2 and CO). The results reveal that co-utilization of PET wastes, sFCC catalyst, and CO2 can help provide energy-efficient carbon sequestration and waste management for sustainable energy recovery.
On the Numerical Efficacy Evaluation of Industrial Droplet Separators
Authors: Dudaško Ján , Semlitsch Bernhard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Droplet separators are essential components of the chemical process chain. If malfunctioning, the remaining droplets can damage the downstream elements. Thus, reliable functioning is critical and has to be guaranteed for all operating conditions. Computational fluid dynamic computations are commonly employed to analyse the turbulent flow in droplet separators and predict their efficiency. The two-phase flow is modelled using the k-omega SST turbulence model, while the trajectories of fluid particle distributions are computed to quantify the droplet separator efficiency. Fine wall resolutions are required to accurately predict the establishing water film on the solid walls. The industrial size of droplet separators can reach internal length scales over several meters, which is challenging due to the scale differences in the modelling strategies. We investigate the efficiency of industrial droplet separators by numerical simulations and show the application of the computational methodology based on examples. Over 36 million polyhedral mesh cells with wall-layer refinement are employed to obtain the best results. The flow field is analysed to identify the potential for improvement in terms of pressure drop and separation efficiency.
Impact of financial incentives introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing staff: a mixed-method protocol
Authors: Beaulieu Marianne , Viens Dominique , Gilbert-Ouimet Mahée , Rossignol Sandra , Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Turmel Natasha , Racine Sandra , Cameron Marleen , Roy Nellie , Bernier Liliane , Gravel Caroline , Turcotte Stéphane 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on nursing staff, resulting in alarming turnover rates. As part of the Quebec (Canada) government’s response to the pandemic, nurses have been offered exceptional financial incentives. Considering the cost of these measures, the current article presents the research protocol of a study aiming to explore the impact of financial incentives on full-time equivalent, and retention rates among the nursing staff in two healthcare settings in Quebec.Methods and analysisA sequential mixed design (QUANT→QUAL) will be used. The quantitative phase will involve a quantitative descriptive analysis and the qualitative phase will consist of a qualitative descriptive study. Administrative data (working hours, employment status and retention rate) will be analysed over a 4.5-year follow-up (from 1 January 2019 to 30 June 2023) to explore the impact of the financial incentives. Focus groups will explore nurses’ views on financial incentives. The results will inform the development of future interventions to mitigate attrition problems among nurses and ultimately improve access to and the continuity of public health services.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by ethics committees of the participating healthcare settings (Comité d’éthique de la recherche sectorial en santé des populations et première ligne du CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale; Comité d’éthique de la recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches). The results will be disseminated mainly in scientific publications and at academic conferences in addition to presentations tailored to various non-academic audiences.
Combination of the chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) antagonist DMX-200 and candesartan for COVID-19: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: O'Hara Daniel Vincent , Bassi Abhinav , Wilcox Arlen , Jha Vivekanand , Rathore Vinay , D'Cruz Sanjay , Snelling Thomas L , Jones Mark , Totterdell James , Bangi Ashpak , Jain Manish Kumar , Pollock Carol , Burrell Louise , Fox Gregory , Jones Cheryl , Kotwal Sradha , Faridah Syed Omar Sharifah , Jardine Meg 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo determine whether a chemokine receptor type 2 antagonist, DMX-200 (repagermanium), in combination with an angiotensin receptor blocker, candesartan, improves clinical outcomes in people with COVID-19.DesignProspective, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.SettingTen acute care hospitals in India.ParticipantsAdults <65 years old intended for hospital admission with moderate/severe COVID-19 disease (respiratory rate ≥24 breaths per minute or oxygen saturation ≤93% on room air).InterventionDMX-200 120 mg two times per day, or placebo, on background of titratable candesartan commencing at 4 mg two times per day, for 28 days.Main outcome measuresThe primary endpoint was COVID-19 disease severity on a modified WHO Clinical Progression Scale (WHO scale) on day 14. Secondary outcomes included the WHO scale at days 28, 60, 90 and 180; intensive care unit (ICU) admission, respiratory failure or death within 28 days; length of hospitalisation; and requirement for ventilatory support or dialysis.ResultsBetween December 2021 and August 2022, 518 people were screened, with 49 randomised to DMX-200 or placebo on a background of candesartan. The study was terminated early due to recruitment barriers, including an external requirement to restrict enrolment to adults <65 years old, contributing to a 91% screen failure rate. The median WHO Clinical Progression Scale (WHO scale) score at day 14 for both groups was 1 (IQR 1–1), indicating most participants were discharged with no limitations on activities by this time. Formal comparison was not performed due to the small sample size. One participant receiving DMX-200 died of COVID-19 disease progression. No participants required ICU admission, ventilation or dialysis. Median length of hospitalisation in both groups was 6 days (IQR 6–7 days). WHO scale scores were similar at 28, 60, 90 and 180 days.ConclusionDue to recruitment barriers, the study was unable to determine whether DMX-200 improves clinical outcomes in people with COVID-19.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.govNCT05122182.
Cyberbullying victimisation and its association with depression, anxiety and stress among female adolescents in Deumai Municipality, Nepal: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Khadka Santosh , Limbu Anisha , Chalise Anisha , Pandey Saloni , Paudel Shishir 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of cyberbullying and its association with depression, anxiety and stress among female adolescents attending higher secondary schools in Deumai Municipality, Nepal.DesignCross-sectional survey study.SettingThe survey was conducted at all available higher secondary schools of Deumai Municipality, Ilam District, Nepal, from February to April 2022.ParticipantsA total of 501 female adolescents enrolled in grades 11 and 12 were included in the study. All eligible participants available on the day of data collection were approached until the calculated sample size was reached.Outcome measuresThe study assessed the prevalence of cyberbullying victimisation, along with the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress and their associated factors. The level of psychological distress was explored using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Pearson’s χ2test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to determine the association between psychological distress and related variables, including cyberbullying victimisation, at 95% CI and 5% level of significance.ResultsNearly a third (32.5%) of the female adolescents included in the study had experienced cyberbullying. The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 46.5%, 52.7% and 34.9%, respectively. Cyberbullying victims were observed to have increased odds of experiencing depression (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.64, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.42), anxiety (aOR: 2.49, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.70) and stress (aOR: 2.59, 95% CI 1.74 to 3.86) in comparison with non-victims.ConclusionCyberbullying victims are significantly more likely to experience psychological distress. There is an urgent need to strengthen cybersecurity and to have strong legislative measures to address cyberbullying in order to safeguard the mental health of adolescents in the digital age.
24-hour movement behaviours in the early years, potential behavioural determinants and prospective associations with growth, motor and social–emotional development: the My Little Moves study protocol
Authors: Altenburg Teatske M , Gubbels Jessica S , Arts Jelle , Lettink Annelinde , Veldman Sanne , Verhoeff Arnoud , Chinapaw Mai 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThe early years are a critical period for establishing healthy 24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep), yet studies examining prospective associations between all 24-hour movement behaviours and young children’s growth and development are lacking. The My Little Moves study aims to (1) examine the prospective association between 24-hour movement behaviours of young children (ie, 0–4 years) and their growth, motor and social–emotional development; and (2) explore potential determinants of young children’s 24-hour movement behaviours from an ecological perspective, to inform public health strategies aimed at promoting healthy behaviours and development.Methods and analysisMy Little Moves is a longitudinal observational cohort study, with data collection at baseline, and after 9 and 18 months follow-up. Data are collected in three subcohorts. In all subcohorts, 24-hour movement behaviours are assessed by parent-report. Additionally in subcohort 1, data on potential determinants are collected by parental questionnaires, including child, parental and environmental factors. In subcohort 2, social–emotional development is assessed using the Dutch version of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-third edition (Bayley-III-NL) Social Emotional Scale. In subcohort 3, data on height and weight, gross motor development, using the Bayley-III-NL Gross Motor Scale, and 7 consecutive days of 24-hour accelerometer data are collected. Hybrid model analyses are used to assess the prospective associations of 24-hour movement behaviours with young children’s growth and development. Potential determinants of young children’s 24-hour movement behaviours are explored using regression analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Ethics Committee of the VU University Medical Center approved the protocol for the My Little Moves study (2022.0020). The results of this study will be disseminated through the network of all authors, to inform public health strategies for promoting healthy 24-hour movement behaviours and contribute to the evidence-base of recommendations for ideal 24-hour movement behaviours in young children.
Healthcare workers’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis of a text message-based NHS workforce support line
Authors: Gould Lisa Jane , Angwin Eleanor , Powell Richard , Lawrance Emma 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe National Health Service (NHS) is suffering from a workforce crisis of mental and physical sickness and attrition following the COVID-19 pandemic. An in-depth understanding of healthcare workers’ (HCWs) experiences during the pandemic is required to understand the impacts on their mental health in this challenging work environment. This qualitative study explores HCWs’ concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic—expressed in real time during an active mental health crisis.DesignThis study involved analysis of data from ‘Shout’, a text message-based, UK-wide mental health support service which, during the pandemic, was advertised to HCWs specifically. Pseudorandom sampling of scripts of anonymised text message conversations between HCWs and Shout Volunteers from April 2020 to March 2021 was undertaken, with data fully anonymised by Shout before researchers accessed them on a secure purpose-built platform. Following application of exclusion and inclusion criteria, 60 conversations were coded to develop a thematic framework and analysed using grounded theory, with subthemes triangulated to create final themes. Quotes extracted from this process were then synthesised for publication.ResultsThree themes emerged from the data: (1) poor mental health, subthemes—(a) overwhelming negative feelings or emotional distress experienced, and; (b) active crisis/resurgent symptoms. (2) Negative work experiences, subthemes: (a) negative NHS work culture and expectations; (b) inadequate structures and arrangements for support; (c) trauma at work, and (d) abuse at work. (3) The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, subthemes: (a) additional work pressure and (b) isolation and risk.ConclusionThis study explores the challenges and mental health concerns in HCWs during an active crisis. Organisational stressors, mental health provision and additional resources for HCWs to recover from the pandemic remain a vital issue in current NHS service provision.