bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of passive ultrasonic irrigation on the efficiency of various irrigation solutions in removing smear layer: a scanning electron microscope study
Authors: Koçak Sibel , Bağcı Nur , Çiçek Ersan , Türker Sevinç Aktemur , Can Sağlam Baran , Koçak Mustafa Murat 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTo evaluate the influence of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) to remove the smear layer with different irrigation solutions. Seventy‐eight single rooted mandibular premolars were used. The working lengths were measured and the root canals were prepared by using nickel titanium rotary files. The specimens were subjected to six different irrigation regimens: sodium hypochloride (NaOCl) with classic irrigation (CI); NaOCl with PUI; EDTA with CI; EDTA with PUI; QMix with CI; and QMix with PUI. The specimens were split longitudinally. Scanning electron microscopy images were taken to evaluate the amount of residual smear layer and scored. Statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal–Wallis test. The Dunn's test was used for post hoc testing after the Kruskal–Wallis test. The smear layer scores of apical thirds were significantly higher than coronal and middle thirds except for NaOCl + CI group (p < 0.001). The irrigation with PUI improved the efficacy of all irrigation solutions on removal of smear layer in both coronal and middle thirds (p < 0.001). The PUI activation increased the activity of NaOCl, EDTA, and QMix, respectively without any significance. All irrigation regimens were significantly more effective in coronal and middle thirds compared to apical third. PUI significantly increased the efficacy of smear layer removal regardless of irrigation solution.
Examining different types of comparison questions in a field study of CQT polygraph technique: Theoretical and practical implications
Authors: Ginton Avital 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTwo types of questions are most important in the CQT polygraph examination, relevant questions that deal directly with the case under query and comparison questions, which usually deal with past probable misdeeds of the examinees that they choose to deny. The simplistic core reasoning behind the CQT is that the risk of being detected for lying is a threatening situation and like any kind of threat, it automatically triggers the autonomic nervous system to respond with the “fight or flight” type of reaction. For the deceptive examinee, the relevant questions pose the main threat, whereas the truthful examinee, knowing that he is telling the truth on the relevant issue while probably lying to the comparison questions, perceives the latter as more threatening, considering his goal to appear truthful on the test. Accordingly, the deceptive examinee reactions are focused on the relevant questions, whereas the truthful focuses them on the comparison ones. Results of the current field study suggest that at least with truthful examinees, comparison questions, which do not incorporate any lies to be afraid of their exposure, or any lies at all, might function similarly to probable lie questions, by just increasing their salience in a manner that presumably creates some concerns about them. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in line with the RIG strength notion (Ginton,).
Does job insecurity threaten who you are? Introducing a social identity perspective to explain well‐being and performance consequences of job insecurity
Authors: Selenko Eva , Mäkikangas Anne , Stride Christopher B. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis paper introduces a social identity perspective to job insecurity research. Worrying about becoming jobless, we argue, is detrimental because it implies an anticipated membership of a negatively evaluated group—the group of unemployed people. Job insecurity hence threatens a person's social identity as an employed person. This in turn will affect well‐being and job performance. A three‐wave survey study amongst 377 British employees supports this perspective. Persons who felt higher levels of job insecurity were more likely to report a weaker social identity as an employed person. This effect was found to be stable over time and also held against a test of reverse causality. Furthermore, social identity as an employed person influenced well‐being and in‐role job performance and mediated the effect of job insecurity on these two variables over time. Different to the expectations, social identity as an employed person and organisational proactivity were not connected. The findings deliver interesting evidence for the role of social identity as an employed person in the relationships between job insecurity and its consequences. Theoretically, this perspective illustrates the individual and group‐related nature of job insecurity and offers a novel way of connecting work situations with individual well‐being, behaviour and attitudes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does summer precipitation trend over and around the Tibetan Plateau depend on elevation?
Authors: Li Xiuping , Wang Lei , Guo Xiaoyu , Chen Deliang 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) experienced a rapid warming and wetting in recent decades. The elevation dependence of warming rate has been established, while the question of trend in precipitation against the elevation gradient remains open. By using the in situ observation of precipitation, air temperature, and surface specific humidity from 91 stations over and around the TP, this study investigated how the trends in summer precipitation varied along the elevation gradient over and around the TP during the period 1970–2014. The major findings are as follows: (1) the trends in summer precipitation from 1970 to 2014 displayed an increasing tendency at a rate of 0.83% decade−1 km−1 with the increased elevation, and the rate for 1991–2014 (2.23% decade−1 km−1) is even greater and (2) the temporal trends in surface air temperature, surface specific humidity (surface water vapour) from in situ observations and total column of water vapour from Japanese 55‐year reanalysis (JRA‐55) data over most stations consistently display similar elevation dependence, which provides a plausible explanation for the elevation dependence of the summer precipitation trends based on the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship. The large‐scale atmospheric circulations are other possible factors influencing the elevation dependence of summer precipitation trends, which needs further investigations.
Potential prebiotic properties of cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) agro‐industrial byproduct on Lactobacillus species
Authors: Duarte Francisca Nayara Dantas , Rodrigues Jéssica Bezerra , da Costa Lima Maiara , Lima Marcos dos Santos , Pacheco Maria Teresa Bertoldo , Pintado Maria Manuela Estevez , de Souza Aquino Jailane , de Souza Evandro Leite 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe prebiotic effects of a cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) agro‐industrial byproduct powder (CAP) on different potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains, namely Lactobacillus acidophilus LA‐05, Lactobacillus casei L‐26 and Lactobacillus paracasei L‐10, were assessed using in vitro experimental models. Accordingly, the growth of the Lactobacillus strains when cultivated in a broth containing CAP (20 or 30 g L−1), glucose (20 g L−1) or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) (20 g L−1) was monitored over 48 h; the prebiotic activity scores of CAP were determined; and the changes in pH values, production of organic acids and consumption of sugars in growth media were verified.RESULTSDuring the 48‐h cultivation, similar viable cell counts were observed for the Lactobacillus strains grown in the different media tested. The CAP presented positive prebiotic activity scores toward all the tested Lactobacillus strains, indicating a desirable selective fermentable activity relative to enteric organisms. The cultivation of the Lactobacillus strains in broth containing glucose, FOS or CAP resulted in high viable cell counts, a decreased pH, the production of organic acids and the consumption of sugars over time, revealing intense bacterial metabolic activity.CONCLUSIONThe CAP exerts potential prebiotic effects on different potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains and should be an added‐value ingredient for the food industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of dietary macronutrients on aflatoxicosis: a mini‐review
Authors: Nurul Adilah Zainuddin , Mohd Redzwan Sabran 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAflatoxin is a toxin produced by Aspergillus species of fungi. The main route of aflatoxin exposure is through the diet. Indeed, long‐term aflatoxin exposure is linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aflatoxin causes aflatoxicosis, which can be affected by several factors and is prevalent in many developing Asian and African countries. This mini‐review discusses the effects of carbohydrate, fat and protein on aflatoxicosis based on findings from animal and human studies. It was found that high carbohydrate intake enhanced aflatoxicosis occurrence, while low ingestion of carbohydrate with caloric restriction slowed the symptoms associated with aflatoxicosis. Additionally, diets with low protein content worsened the symptoms related to HCC due to aflatoxin exposure. Nevertheless, a study reported that a high‐protein diet favored detoxification of aflatoxin in vivo. There were also conflicting results on the influence of dietary fat, as high ingestion of fat enhanced aflatoxicosis development as compared with a low‐fat diet. Moreover, the type of fat also plays a significant role in influencing aflatoxin toxicity. In regard to food safety, understanding the influence of macronutrients toward the progression of aflatoxicosis can improve preventive measures against human and animal exposure to aflatoxin. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The proximal superficial femoral artery perforator flap: Anatomic study and clinical cases
Authors: Ratanshi Imran , McInnes Colin W. , Islur Avinash 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThe upper thigh has provided multiple new soft tissue free flaps in recent decades, including the anterolateral thigh, anteromedial thigh, transverse upper gracilis, the profunda artery perforator, and superficial circumflex iliac perforator flaps. The purpose of this study is to describe a new, reliable free flap option in the upper thigh: the proximal superficial femoral artery perforator (p‐SFAP) flap.MethodsA cadaveric dissection study was performed to confirm clinical landmarks and evaluate pedicle characteristics. A retrospective review of patients who have received a p‐SFAP free flap and surgical technique are described in detail. Eight patients (aged 27–85 years) underwent reconstruction with the p‐SFAP flap involving six upper and two lower extremity defects.ResultsA consistent pedicle 6 to 8 cm in length was identified in all cadaveric and clinical limbs, emerging from under the lateral aspect of the sartorius muscle and entering the flap approximately 10 cm inferior and 4 cm medial to the anterior superior iliac spine. The perforator took origin off of the superficial femoral artery and femoral vein in all clinical cases. Arterial and venous diameters were 1.2–1.5 mm and 2.0–2.5 mm, respectively. There was one occurrence of partial flap necrosis and one case of complete flap loss.ConclusionsThe p‐SFAP flap represents a new, clinically relevant addition to the armamentarium of the reconstructive microsurgeon for use in small to medium sized defects. It can be harvested as a free flap and may have utility as a pedicled flap for groin and perineal reconstruction.
New estimates of mixed finite element method for fourth‐order wave equation
Authors: Shi Dongyang , Wang Lele , Liao Xin 
Published: January 2017

The conforming bilinear mixed finite element method is established for a fourth‐order wave equation. By applying the interpolation and projection simultaneously, the superclose and superconvergence results of order O(h2) for the original variable u and intermediate variable p =− a1(X)Δu in H1‐norm are achieved for the semi‐discrete and fully discrete schemes, respectively (where a1(X) is the coefficient appeared in the equation). The distinct advantage of this method is that it can reduce the smoothness of solutions u,ut, and p compared with the existing literature for getting optimal estimates alone. At last, some numerical results are carried out to validate the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid ZTE/Dixon MR‐based attenuation correction for quantitative uptake estimation of pelvic lesions in PET/MRI
Authors: Leynes Andrew P. , Yang Jaewon , Shanbhag Dattesh D. , Kaushik Sandeep S. , Seo Youngho , Hope Thomas A. , Wiesinger Florian , Larson Peder E. Z. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThis study introduces a new hybrid ZTE/Dixon MR‐based attenuation correction (MRAC) method including bone density estimation for PET/MRI and quantifies the effects of bone attenuation on metastatic lesion uptake in the pelvis.MethodsSix patients with pelvic lesions were scanned using fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) in an integrated time‐of‐flight (TOF) PET/MRI system. For PET attenuation correction, MR imaging consisted of two‐point Dixon and zero echo‐time (ZTE) pulse sequences. A continuous‐value fat and water pseudoCT was generated from a two‐point Dixon MRI. Bone was segmented from the ZTE images and converted to Hounsfield units (HU) using a continuous two‐segment piecewise linear model based on ZTE MRI intensity. The HU values were converted to linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) using a bilinear model. The bone voxels of the Dixon‐based pseudoCT were replaced by the ZTE‐derived bone to produce the hybrid ZTE/Dixon pseudoCT. The three different AC maps (Dixon, hybrid ZTE/Dixon, CTAC) were used to reconstruct PET images using a TOF‐ordered subset expectation maximization algorithm with a point‐spread function model. Metastatic lesions were separated into two classes, bone lesions and soft tissue lesions, and analyzed. The MRAC methods were compared using a root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE), where the registered CTAC was taken as ground truth.ResultsThe RMSE of the maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) is 11.02% and 7.79% for bone (N = 6) and soft tissue lesions (N = 8), respectively, using Dixon MRAC. The RMSE of SUVmax for these lesions is significantly reduced to 3.28% and 3.94% when using the new hybrid ZTE/Dixon MRAC. Additionally, the RMSE for PET SUVs across the entire pelvis and all patients are 8.76% and 4.18%, for the Dixon and hybrid ZTE/Dixon MRAC methods, respectively.ConclusionA hybrid ZTE/Dixon MRAC method was developed and applied to pelvic regions in an integrated TOF PET/MRI, demonstrating improved MRAC. This new method included bone density estimation, through which PET quantification is improved.
A pilot study on the correlation between fat fraction values and glucose uptake values in supraclavicular fat by simultaneous PET/MRI
Authors: McCallister Andrew , Zhang Le , Burant Alex , Katz Laurence , Branca Rosa Tamara 
Published: January 2017

PurposeTo assess the spatial correlation between MRI and 18F‐fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) maps of human brown adipose tissue (BAT) and to measure differences in fat fraction (FF) between glucose avid and non‐avid regions of the supraclavicular fat depot using a hybrid FDG‐PET/MR scanner.MethodsIn 16 healthy volunteers, mean age of 30 and body mass index of 26, FF, R2*, and FDG uptake maps were acquired simultaneously using a hybrid PET/MR system while employing an individualized cooling protocol to maximally stimulate BAT.ResultsFourteen of the 16 volunteers reported BAT‐positive FDG‐PET scans. MR FF maps of BAT correlate well with combined FDG‐PET/MR maps of BAT only in subjects with intense glucose uptake. The results indicate that the extent of the spatial correlation positively correlates with maximum FDG uptake in the supraclavicular fat depot. No consistent, significant differences were found in FF or R2* between FDG avid and non‐avid supraclavicular fat regions. In a few FDG‐positive subjects, a small but significant linear decrease in BAT FF was observed during BAT stimulation.ConclusionMR FF, when used in conjunction with FDG uptake maps, can be seen as a valuable, radiation‐free alternative to CT and can be used to measure tissue hydration and lipid consumption in some subjects. Magn Reson Med 78:1922–1932, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Darcian flow under/through a leaky cutoff wall: Terzaghi–Anderson's seepage problem revisited
Authors: Yakimov N.D. , Kacimov A.R. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryAn analytical solution is obtained for 2‐D steady Darcian flow under and through a cutoff wall partially obstructing a homogeneous isotropic foundation of a dam. The wall is leaky; that is, flow across it depends on the ratio of hydraulic conductivity of the wall and the wall thickness that results in the third‐type (Robin) boundary condition along the wall, as compared with the Terzaghi problem for an impermeable wall. The Laplace equation for the hydraulic head is meshlessly solved in a non‐standard flow tube. A Fredholm equation of the second kind is obtained for the intensity of leakage across the wall. The equation is tackled numerically, by adjusted successive iterations. Flow characteristics (total Darcian discharge and its components through the wall and the window between the wall top and horizontal bedrock, stream function, head distribution, and Darcian velocity along the wall and tailwater bed) are obtained for various conductivity ratios, head drops across the structure, thicknesses of the foundation, and the degree of its blockage by the wall. Comparisons with the Terzaghi limit of an impermeable wall show that for common wall materials and thicknesses, the leakage may constitute tens of percent of the discharge under the dam. The through‐flow hydraulic gradients on a vertical wall face (Robin's boundary condition) as well as the exit gradients along a horizontal tailwater boundary (Dirichlet's boundary condition) acting for decades have deleterious impacts on dam stability because of potential heaving, piping, and mechanical–chemical suffusion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns and influences in health‐related quality of life in children with immune thrombocytopenia: A study from the Dallas ITP Cohort
Authors: Flores Adolfo , Klaassen Robert J. , Buchanan George R. , Neunert Cindy E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundRelationships between clinical/demographic factors and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in childhood immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remain poorly understood. Recent studies reveal conflicting information about factors that contribute to HRQoL.MethodsThis was a prospective, single‐institution, cohort study of newly diagnosed children with ITP. Serial evaluations of HRQoL were performed using the Kid's ITP Tools (KIT), scored from 0 (worst) to 100 (best), at enrollment and 1 week, 6 months, and 12 months following diagnosis. All visits included bleeding severity grading. Relationships between HRQoL and platelet count, treatment, bleeding severity, and course of disease were examined.ResultsA total of 99 children with newly diagnosed ITP were evaluable for analysis. KIT scores were low at diagnosis for parents (median 26, range 15–43) and children (median 65, range 55–81) and were not influenced by age or platelet count. At diagnosis, children who received treatment had lower platelet counts (P = 0.005), more severe hemorrhage (P < 0.0125), and lower HRQoL by parent, child, and proxy reporting (P < 0.05). Oral bleeding negatively impacted proxy‐reported disease burden at diagnosis (P = 0.01). Persistence of disease and lower platelet counts at 6 and 12 month visits were the only factors noted to consistently impact quality of life beyond diagnosis for both parents and children.ConclusionsHRQoL is low at diagnosis but significantly improves over time. Patients with ongoing disease and lower platelet counts continue to have significant disease burden.
First experience of the AML‐Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Münster group in pediatric patients with standard‐risk acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with arsenic trioxide and all‐trans retinoid acid
Authors: Creutzig Ursula , Dworzak Michael N. , Bochennek Konrad , Faber Jörg , Flotho Christian , Graf Norbert , Kontny Udo , Rossig Claudia , Schmid Irene , von Stackelberg Arend , Mueller Jans‐Enno , von Neuhoff Christine , Reinhardt Dirk , von Neuhoff Nils 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecently, studies in adults with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) showed high cure rates in low‐risk patients treated with all‐trans retinoid acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), while toxicities were significantly reduced compared to the standard treatment with ATRA and chemotherapy. Here we report about first experience with 11 pediatric patients with low‐risk APL treated with ATRA and ATO. All patients stayed in molecular remission. All suffered from hyperleukocytosis. Two patients experienced reversible severe side effects. One suffered from osteonecroses at both femurs, seizures, as well as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, the other patient had an abducens paresis.
Chemometric Based Identification and Validation of Specific Chemical Markers for Geographical, Seasonal and Gender Variations in Tinospora cordifolia Stem using HPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS Analysis
Authors: Bajpai Vikas , Kumar Sunil , Singh Awantika , Singh Jyotsana , Negi M.P.S. , Bag Sumit Kumar , Kumar Nikhil , Konwar Rituraj , Kumar Brijesh 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionTinospora cordifolia is a widely distributed medicinal plant used in various traditional and commercial Ayurvedic formulations. Due to the wide use of this plant it is important to know the extent of variability in the metabolite profile resulting from geographical location, season and gender.ObjectiveTo develop a statistical approach based on phytochemical markers for confident prediction of variations in metabolic profile and cytotoxicity due to geographical, seasonal and gender difference in T. cordifolia stem.MethodsA HPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS method was used for the metabolite profiling of T. cordifolia stem. The data were analysed using chemometric methods including Student's t‐test, ANOVA, FA/PCA and ROC curve analysis and validated for the identification of chemical variations. The bioactivity of selected samples was also tested using a cell cytotoxicity assay to assess the functional aspect of the phytochemical variability.ResultsThe chemometric approach applied here identified marker ions for geographical locations (m/z 294.1139 and 445.2136), seasons (m/z 344.1482, 359.1501, and 373.1305) and gender (m/z 257.1380) with 100% statistical sensitivity and specificity. An in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that male T. cordifolia stem was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of cancerous cell lines.ConclusionsThe developed and validated chemometric approach identified the analytical markers for phytochemical variations in unknown T. cordifolia stem samples from male or female plants and samples collected from different geographical locations and seasons. The results are supported by comparative cytotoxic activity data. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.