bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Metode Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) untuk Deteksi Fragmen DNA Babi pada Produk Olahan Daging
Authors: Hermawan Bambang , Nanda Riska Dwi , Andriya Nadya Nurafifah , Jakaria Jakaria 
Published: September 2024

Using food ingredients and/or processed food products contaminated with pork, whether unintentionally or intentionally, has become a growing concern and issue. This condition encourages the development of an accurate method for specifically detecting the presence or absence of pork contamination. The research was carried out on two different samples: (1) fresh pork to provide an in-house positive control and (2) samples of pork-based processed meat products (floss, meatballs, corned beef, and sausages), tested using DNA markers. The use of samples originating from processed pork food is to determine the effect of the processing process on DNA fragments and the robustness of the extraction method for the detection process used. The research aimed to detect pork DNA fragments using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. The study stages were extracting fresh pork and processed products using an RNA extraction kit, DNA extraction kit, and salt extraction, as well as measuring the purity and concentration of DNA/RNA using a spectrophotometer. The RNA extract was converted into complementary DNA (cDNA), and the DNA extract was analyzed using qPCR with specific primers for pork DNA (Sus scrofa). The results showed that the concentration of RNA and DNA extracts was 71.1–296.025 ng/uL and of various purity. All processed meat product samples and in-house positive controls were amplified in the Ct range of 23–28 ng/uL. In this case, the meat processing had no effect on the DNA of the processed meat products analyzed, so DNA fragments could be detected. DNA qPCR was more time efficient than cDNA qPCR because it did not require an RNA reverse transcription step.

Keywords: beta actin, cycle threshold, fresh pork, pork DNA, qPCR
Produksi Tanaman Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Akibat Aplikasi Mikoriza dan Pupuk Rock Phosphat pada Cekaman Salin
Authors: Mizan Maulana  , Pratiwi Vinny , Harta Rika Yusli , Ritaqwin Zaitun , Harahap Darmadi Erwin 
Published: September 2024

Okra (Abelmochus esculentus L. Moench) has a fairly high nutritional content; every 10 gr of young okra fruit contains 33 calories, 7 gs of carbohydrates, 3.2 gs of fiber, and 81 mg calcium. Okra fruit contains a lot of mucilage due to its high fiber content. This study aimed to determine the effect of rock phosphate doses and types of mycorrhizae and the interaction between these two factors on the growth and yield of okra in saline soil. The research results showed that the dose of mycorrhiza had a very significant effect on the growth and yield of okra plants. The best dose of mycorrhiza was 10 g/plant, and the best type was Acauluspora. It showed that a dose of 10 g/plant with the Acauluspora type on okra yields on Ultiisol soil had given the best results in the vegetative phase, which could be seen in plant height parameters 15 and 30 ADP. The dose of rock phosphate is 150 g, which can be seen in the 300 g planting parameter and in almost all the observed variables. Hyphae in the soil can spread widely, which helps absorb more water. The best yields of okra plants were found by applying a mycorrhizal dose of 10 g on fruit weight variables of plants' mycorrhizal colonization on vase vegetative roots and mycorrhizal colonization on plant roots in the generative phase.

Keywords: biological agents, fertilizer, mycorrhiza, rock phosphate
Effet-classe sur les performances des écoliers de 6e année primaire en République Démocratique du Congo en mathématiques
Authors: Aloko Homer Lifulu , Asobee Oscar Gboisso , Bambanota Gratien Mokonzi , Awongi Augustin Issoy 
Published: September 2024

Le présent article analyse l’effet-classe dans le contexte congolais. A cet effet, il répond aux questions suivantes : [1] Quel effet la classe exerce sur les apprentissages des écoliers ? et [2] quelles sont les paramètres les plus agissants sur les performances des écoliers au niveau de la classe ? Ainsi, il vise dégager l’effet-classe et mettre en évidence les paramètres pertinents dans le contexte de la RDC. Pour cela, les données de 87 classes sont collectées à partir d’un questionnaire adressé à l’enseignant et celles de 3576 écoliers de 6e année primaire de Bunia et de Kisangani suite à l’application d’une épreuve. Considérant deux niveaux, la régression multiniveau appliquée à cet effet, a montré que 56.14% de la variance des performances en mathématiques se situe au niveau de l’écolier et 43.86% au niveau de la classe. De leur côté, les caractéristiques individuelles et morphologiques expliquent 7.05% de la variance au niveau de la classe et 0.25% au niveau de l’écolier. L’effet classe du type B dégagé ici, est de l’ordre de 8.96% au niveau de la classe et de 0.25% au niveau de l’écolier. Dans l’ensemble, 8 paramètres se sont montrés pertinents. Il s’agit de deux paramètres individuels (Age et fréquentation de l’école maternelle), de deux caractéristiques morphologiques (pourcentage des filles et type de classe) et de 4 autres du processus de la classe (climat de travail et de discipline, le rythme de cours et les devoirs).

This article examines the effect of classes in the Congolese context. To this end, it answers the following questions: [1] What effect does the classroom have on schoolchildren's learning? and [2] What are the parameters that have the greatest impact on schoolchildren's performance in the classroom? The aim was to identify the class effect and highlight the relevant parameters in the context of the DRC. To this end, data were collected from 87 classes on the basis of a questionnaire sent to teachers, and from 3,576 pupils in the 6th year of primary school in Bunia and Kisangani on the basis of a test. Considering both levels, the multilevel analysis applied showed that 56.14% of the variance in mathematical performance was at pupil level and 43.86% at class level. Individual and morphological characteristics explained 7.05% of the variance at the class level and 0.25% at the pupil level. The class effect of type B identified here is of the order of 8.96% at class level and 0.25% at pupil level. Overall, 8 parameters were found to be relevant. These were two individual parameters (age and nursery school attendance), two morphological characteristics (percentage of girls and type of class), and four others relating to the classroom process (work and discipline climate, pace of lessons, and homework).
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Tipe Teams Games Tournament Berbantuan Kahoot! Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa SMA Negeri 27 Jakarta
Authors: Siahaan Yushak William , Murdiyanto Tri , Meidianingsih Qorry 
Published: September 2024

Siswa masih kurang memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis yang efektif, seperti yang terlihat ketika mereka mencoba memecahkan masalah non-rutin. Kemudian, mayoritas pembelajaran matematika yang dilakukan di sekolah cenderung berpusat pada guru atau menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa, diperlukan model pembelajaran dan media yang mendorong partisipasi aktif mereka yaitu TGT dan Kahoot!. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Cooperative tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Berbantuan Kahoot! terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode quasi-experiment dengan desain post-test only control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI di SMA Negeri 27 Jakarta yang terdiri dari XI-1 hingga XI-7. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan oleh penelitian ini menggunakan Cluster Random Sampling. Sampel penelitian yaitu siswa kelas XI-1 dan XI-2 di SMA Negeri 27 Jakarta. Kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa diukur menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa lima soal uraian pada materi peluang, yaitu kaidah pencacahan, yang telah dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Kesulitan materi peluang terdapat pada pembuatan model matematikanya. Hal ini disebabkan soal-soal peluang merupakan soal non-rutin yaitu memuat masalah yang membutuhkan kemampuan berpikir dan bernalar lebih tinggi, sehingga siswa harus mampu memahami isi dari permasalahan yang diselesaikan. Dengan demikian, materi peluang memerlukan perhatian lebih sebagai sarana untuk melatih dan mengasah kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji Mann Whitney U dengan taraf signifikansi didapat bahwa nilai yaitu sehingga keputusannya adalah menolak . Dengan demikian, rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran Cooperative tipe TGT berbantuan Kahoot! lebih tinggi dari rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Oleh karena itu, model Cooperative tipe TGT berbantuan Kahoot! tepat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa kelas XI di SMA Negeri 27 Jakarta pada materi peluang. Berdasarkan nilai Cliff’s Delta (
Qual o Preço Certo? Condições de Mercado e seus Dilemas na Pesquisa de Preços em Compras Públicas
Authors: Medeiros-Costa Caio , Santos Franklin , Reis Paulo 
Published: September 2024

O caso relata a instrução de um processo de licitação pública para aquisição de pneus numa universidade federal. A necessidade de uma contratação urgente impõe um dilema acerca de qual método utilizar para definir a estimativa. Vários elementos são levantados de forma a estimular as discussões acerca das condições de mercado, em especial, as diferenças de precificação de produtos quando se negocia com o setor público. O caso é adequado para cursos de pós-graduação na área de administração e administração pública, com o intuito de estimular a discussão sobre a relação entre órgão público comprador e mercado. Assim, busca-se ao final da atividade que: (i) os estudantes compreendam a importância da sinalização a partir do preço estimado; (ii) entendam os riscos inerentes a falhas na etapa de estimativa de preços; (iii) compreendam as diferenças entre as condições de mercado para o setor público e as condições para o comprador privado.
Extreme Weather and hydropower System: Production, Resilience, and Sustainability
Authors: Elshebli Marwa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This comprehensive review examines the resilience of hydropower systems in the face of extreme weather events and climate change, synthesizing recent research and emerging trends in the field. The study analyzes global hydropower production trends, the impacts of extreme events on electricity grids, and innovative approaches to enhancing system resilience. Through a detailed comparative analysis of studies from 2010 to 2024, we identify key challenges and opportunities in hydropower resilience, including climate change adaptation, integration with other renewable energy sources, and the application of advanced technologies. The review highlights the critical importance of socio-ecological approaches, transboundary cooperation, and adaptive management strategies in ensuring the long-term sustainability of hydropower systems. Our findings reveal that integrating hydropower with solar and wind energy could increase grid stability by up to 60% by 2070, while AI-driven predictive maintenance could reduce unplanned downtime by 25–35%. The study also emphasizes the potential of nature-based solutions and the need for more robust international governance frameworks. This work provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals, offering a roadmap for enhancing hydropower resilience in an era of increasing climate uncertainty and environmental pressures.
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase overexpression in the dorsal striatum reduces relapse to cocaine-seeking
Authors: Thiriet Nathalie , Desmercières Stevenson , AUPY Thomas , Vandaele Youna , Gauthier Manon , Dugast Emilie , Lardeux Virginie , Arrivet Faustine , Martine Lucy , ACAR Niyazi , Belujon Pauline , Heck Nicolas , Betuing Sandrine , Solinas Marcello , Masson Elodie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Sparse but converging evidence suggests that drug addiction is associated with alterations in the metabolism of cerebral cholesterol. Furthermore, in rats, administration of statins, inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis, reduces risks of relapse to cocaine. However, the direct involvement of brain cholesterol in addiction-related processes remains to be demonstrated. In this study, we investigated whether manipulation of cholesterol metabolism in the dorsal striatum during abstinence could reduce drug-seeking in rats that had self-administered cocaine. To this end, we used a viral approach to overexpress the CYP46A1 gene, that encodes cholesterol 24-hydroxylase, the main enzyme responsible for brain cholesterol catabolism, in the dorsal striatum and after 6 weeks we measured drug-seeking behavior. We found that striatal CYP46A1 overexpression reduces cocaine-seeking but does not affect seeking for natural rewards or the direct reinforcing effects of cocaine. Interestingly, we found that CYP46A1 overexpression increases cholesterol turnover without altering cholesterol levels whereas cocaine exposure did not alter either of these measures. These results suggest that cholesterol metabolism in the dorsal striatum might represent a novel therapeutic target to prevent relapse to cocaine addiction.
Direct observations of slow photo-induced structural and physical changes
Authors: Naito Toshio , Nakaie Minaho , Murakami Kaito , Nishiyama Yuka , Shiose Shuji , Miyaji Yuko , Takeichi Yasuo , Niwa Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Photoexcitation and the subsequent physical or chemical processes are often too rapid to capture using direct, real-time observation methods1-6. Current approaches rely mainly on time-resolved spectra derived from short-pulsed lasers with appropriate wavelengths and pulse widths for the target phenomena7-10, supplemented by some experimental techniques combined with theoretical simulations11-14. In contrast, if a material exhibits sufficiently slow changes after photoexcitation, its structures and physical properties can be directly observed and compared with theoretical and spectroscopic results. This article explores the magnetic and structural properties of a new material that displays slow relaxation from UV-excited states. The study demonstrates that both valence and inner-shell electrons are cooperatively photoexcited, transitioning to a new state influenced by spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom. Unlike traditional theoretical descriptions, which assume time-independent atomic orbitals as the basis for molecular orbitals, this research reveals that atomic orbitals are time-dependent during these processes. These findings offer a foundational understanding of the relaxation processes from photoexcited states and provide insights into general chemical reactions.
Study Protocol for a Cluster, Randomized, Controlled Community Effectiveness Trial of the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) Compared to Community Early Behavioral Intervention (EBI) in Community Programs serving Young Autistic Children: Partnering for Autism: Learning more to improve Services (PALMS)
Authors: Stahmer Aubyn C , Dufek Sarah , Rogers Sally J , Iosif Ana-Maria 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The rising number of children identified with autism has led to exponential growth in for-profit applied behavior analysis (ABA) agencies and the use of highly structured approaches that may not be developmentally appropriate for young children. Multiple clinical trials support naturalistic developmental behavior interventions (NDBIs) that integrate ABA and developmental science and are considered best practices for young autistic children. The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) is a comprehensive NDBI shown to improve social communication outcomes for young autistic children in several controlled efficacy studies. However, effectiveness data regarding NDBI use in community-based agencies are limited.
Methods
This study uses a community-partnered approach to test the effectiveness of ESDM compared to usual early behavioral intervention (EBI) for improving social communication and language in autistic children served by community agencies. This is a hybrid type 1 cluster-randomized controlled trial with 2 conditions: ESDM and EBI. In the intervention group, supervising providers will receive training in ESDM; in the control group, they will continue EBI as usual. We will enroll and randomize 100 supervisors (50 ESDM, 50 EBI) by region. Each supervisor enrolls 3 families of autistic children under age 5 (n = 300) and accompanying behavior technicians (n = 200). The primary outcome is child language and social communication at 6 and 12 months. Secondary outcomes include child adaptive behavior, caregiver use of ESDM strategies, and provider intervention fidelity. Child social motivation and caregiver fidelity will be tested as mediating variables. ESDM implementation determinants will be explored using mixed methods.
Discussion
This study will contribute novel knowledge on ESDM effectiveness, the variables that mediate and moderate child outcomes, and engagement of its mechanisms in community use. We expect results from this trial to increase community availability of this model and access to high-quality intervention for young autistic children, especially those who depend on publicly funded intervention services. Understanding implementation determinants will aid scale-up of effective models within communities.
Trail Registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov identifier number NCT06005285. Registered on August 21, 2023.
Protocol Version: Issue date 6 August 2024; Protocol amendment number: 02
Fungicide evaluation against head smudge (Curvularia spp.) and its impact on yield and germination of tef (Eragrostis tef Zucc.)
Authors: Mekonnen Mequanint Andualem , Nigusie Walellign Zegeye , Emirie Gebremariem Asaye Emiriea , Hailemariam Bogale Nigir , Abeje Girmay Dires , Mekonnen Melkamu Birhanie , Mihiretie Aderajew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Head smudge, caused by Curvularia spp., is the major disease of tef in the humid tef growing areas of Ethiopia. Despite this, farmers continue producing tef without any disease management strategies, which is leading to substantial quantitative and qualitative losses. Hence, the field and laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of seven fungicides for the management of head smudge and simultaneously to assess the possible effects of the disease on seed quality of tef. The field experiment was conducted at Dangila and North Achefer districts and the treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Tef seeds harvested from field experiments were subsequently used for the laboratory studies using the blotter method and arranged in a completely randomized design. The effect of fungicides on reducing disease incidence and severity and increasing yield was significant (P < 0.001). The highest overall mean disease control (88.9%) was obtained from propiconazole sprayed plots followed by trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole and tebuconazole, both of which had a similar 85.5% disease reduction. The applications of triadimefon resulted in intermediate disease reduction (69.9%). However, the application of mancozeb + cymoxanil, cymoxanil + copper oxychloride, and thiamethoxam + metalaxyl + difenoconazole doesn’t bring a significant improvement from the untreated plot. According to our findings, head smudge can reduce tef yield by up to 62% and germination by 18.7 to 45.4%. Therefore, application of propiconazole, trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole and tebuconazole can be considered as effective head smudge management practice until other management options are developed.
Exploring the phytochemicals, antioxidancy and cytotoxicity of Abroma augustum (L.) seed extract
Authors: Sujaye Homayra Binta , Khan Alam , Haque Md. Enamul , Sikdar Biswanath , Hasan Md Faruk 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Abroma augustum is an important medicinal plant that is conventionally used in the pharmaceutical industry to treat different diseases. The key objectives of this research were to assess the phytochemical, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Abroma augustum seeds. Phytochemical screening and quantification were performed via previous methods. The antioxidant action of A. augustum extract was tested via an in vitro method. The zebrafish embryo results were analyzed in a manner similar to that used for the cytotoxicity assay. Phytochemical profiling revealed that the methanol extract of A. augustum seeds contained alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, polyphenols and tannins. In terms of antioxidancy, the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) inhibition rates were 65.30±0.9% and 80.85±1.0% for A. augustum seed extract and tert-butyl-1-hydroxytoluene (BHT), respectively. The IC50 value of the seed extract was 105.57±1.19, and the BHT value was 88.89±1.0 µg/ml. In the cytotoxicity test, at 96 hpf, treatment with 100 µg/ml seed extract resulted in yolk sac edema, tail deformation and pericardial edema. A. augustum seeds contain high concentrations of phytochemicals and have high antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. The present findings may be helpful for molecular drug design in the near future.
The Impact of Zinc and Probiotics in Preventing Pediatric Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Southern Iran.
Authors: Rahmati Mohammad Bagher , khodadadzade Razieh , Ahmadi Mehran , teshnizi Saeed i Hoseini 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a frequently encountered complication that arises from the administration of antimicrobial agents.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the impacts of zinc and probiotics on the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD).
Patients and methods:
This is a randomized clinical trial involving 165 children referred to Bandar Abbas Children's Hospital, which necessitated antibiotics for any given reason. They were randomly assigned to three groups of equal size, exclusively receiving the standard antibiotic regimen or the zinc and probiotics groups. Age, sex, length of hospital stay, treatment duration, type of antibiotic, and incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) were documented for all patients.
Results:
Among the 165 children who participated in the survey, AAD occurred in 12.7% of the zinc group, 9.1% of the probiotics group, and 10.9% of the control group; however, the difference among the groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.829). There was no significant association between AAD and age, sex, hospital length of stay, type of antibiotic, or patient grouping.
Conclusions:
Despite the lower incidence of AAD, duration of hospital stay and duration of treatment in children in the probiotic group, these findings were not statistically significant.