bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Employing Skilled Immigrants Enhance Competitive Performance? Evidence from European Football Clubs
Authors: Glennon Britta , Morales Francisco , Carnahan Seth , Hernández Exequiel 
Published: October 2024

We investigate the effect of employing skilled immigrants on the competitive performance of organizations by studying European football (soccer) clubs in Germany, Italy, France, England, and Spain from 1990 to 2020. Microdata from this setting offers unusual transparency about players’ birthplaces and their contributions to organizational performance. Further, country-level rules govern how many immigrant players clubs can deploy. Using changes to these rules as the basis for instrumental variables, we find that the number of immigrant players in the club’s starting lineup has a positive local average treatment effect on the club’s performance. We show that this occurs for two related reasons. First, immigrants exhibit higher individual talent. Second, immigrants play a coordinating role that enables the organization to broaden the variety of on-field strategies and actions it uses to outperform rivals. The latter mechanism is novel to the literature. This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations. Funding: F. Morales acknowledges research funding from Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Chile (Fondecyt de Iniciación) [Grant 11200342]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03356 .
Integrated chirped photonic-crystal cavities in gallium phosphide for broadband soliton generation
Authors: Nardi Alberto , Davydova Alisa , Kuznetsov Nikolai , Anderson Miles H. , Möhl Charles , Riemensberger Johann , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Seidler Paul 
Published: October 2024

Chirped mirrors have underpinned advances in ultra-fast lasers based on bulk optics but have yet to be fully exploited in integrated photonics, where they could provide a means to engineer otherwise unattainable dispersion profiles for a range of nonlinear optical applications, including soliton frequency comb generation. The vast majority of integrated resonators for frequency combs make use of microring geometries, in which only waveguide width and height are varied to engineer dispersion. Here, we present an integrated photonic-crystal Fabry–Pérot resonator made of gallium phosphide (GaP), a material exhibiting a Kerr nonlinearity 200 times larger than that of silicon nitride and a high refractive index that permits the creation of strongly chirped photonic-crystal mirrors. Leveraging the additional degrees of freedom provided by integrated chirped mirrors, we disentangle optical losses from dispersion. We obtain an overall dispersion that is more anomalous than that achievable in both silicon nitride and gallium phosphide ring resonators with the same free-spectral range (FSR), while simultaneously obtaining higher quality factors than those of GaP ring resonators. With subharmonic pulsed pumping at an average power of 23.6 mW, we are able to access stable dissipative Kerr frequency combs in a device with a FSR of 55.9 GHz. We demonstrate soliton formation with a 3-dB bandwidth of 3.0 THz, corresponding to a pulse duration of 60 fs. This approach to cavity design based on photonic-crystal reflectors offers nearly arbitrary dispersion engineering over the optical transparency window of the nonlinear material.
A comparative study on the physical fitness of college students from different grades and majors in Jiangxi province
Authors: Sun Jianzhong , Lin Chan , Wang Lei , Bi Cunjian , Qiao Bin 
Published: October 2024

Objective
Research to date has not provided a clear understanding of how different grades and majors affect the physical fitness of college students. It is postulated that there are significant disparities in physical health among college students of different grades and majors. The purpose of this study was to evidence these health disparities and to engage in an extensive analysis and discussion thereof.

Methods
A sample of 8,772 (2,404 boys and 6,368 girls) Chinese college students from freshman to junior years, aged 17–22, including 12 different majors in four colleges, were recruited in Jiangxi Province. All seven physical fitness indicators (body mass index (BMI), forced vital capacity, 50-m dash, standing long jump, sit and reach, upper body muscle strength, and endurance runs) were conducted for all participants. One-way ANOVA and LSD tests were conducted to compare the physical fitness scores of different grades in the same major. Independent sample t-tests were utilized to compare the differences in every physical fitness indicator for different majors. Pearson’s correlations among 12 majors for every grade were conducted to study the significant corrections between the two physical fitness indicators. The body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness indicator (PFI) for college students of different grade were investigated using a nonlinear regression model.

Results
The current state of physical fitness among college students is concerning, as the majority of students were barely passing (with a passing rate of 75.3%). Specifically, junior students exhibited lower scores than freshman and sophomore students across all 12 majors. From freshman to junior year, majors of music (78.01±4.58), English (79.29±5.03), and education (76.26±4.81) had the highest scores, respectively, but major art consistently scored the lowest, which were 73.85±6.02, 74.97±5.53, and 72.59±4.84, respectively. Pairwise comparisons revealed more significant differences in individual physical fitness indicators among the three grades in humanities than in sciences. Pearson’s correlations showed significant correlations among seven physical fitness indicators in all three grades. PFI had a parabolic trend with BMI both for boy and girl college students in Jiangxi province.

Conclusion
The physical fitness indicators of college students in Jiangxi province significantly differed in grades and majors, showing undesirable phenomena. The physical fitness of senior and humanities major college students was much weaker and needs sufficient attention. The relationship between BMI and PFI presented an inverted “U”-shaped change characteristic. Continued nationwide interventions are needed to promote physical activity and other healthy lifestyle behaviors in China.
Determinants of stunting among adolescent girls in schools of Digo Tsion Town, Northwest Ethiopia: Unmatched case control study
Authors: Emrie Ambaw Abebaw , Tesfa Getasew , Ayalew Yeneneh , Kebie Adugnaw Bantie , Terefe Tamene Fetene , Mewahegn Agerie Aynalem , Chekole Bogale , GebreEyesus Fisha Alebel , Abza Legese Fekede , Nega Selamsew Kindie 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Stunting is a height-for-age (Z-score) less than minus two standard deviations below the mean of reference standard. It is the most important sign of long-term chronic undernutrition and public health problem in Ethiopia. However, little information was known regarding determinants of stunting among adolescents since it had mostly been investigated in late infancy, especially among children under the age of five. Therefore, identifying determinants of stunting among adolescent girl is still crucial.

Objective
To identify determinants of stunting among adolescent girls in schools of Digo Tsion Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.

Methods and materials
Case-control study was conducted among 417 adolescent girls (104 cases and 313 controls) in schools of Digo Tsion Town with computer generated simple random sampling technique. World Health Organization Anthroplus 2007 software was used for analyzing anthropometrics data. Data was collected by epicollect5 mobile application through interview by using structured questionnaire. The data was entered in epi data 4.6 and exported into Statistical Package for Social Science version 26. Variables with p- value ≤ 0.25 in bivariable analysis were candidate for multivariable analysis. Model fitness was checked by Hosmer and Lemon Show fitness of test. Variables having a P-value < 0.05 in multivariable analysis were declared as statistically significant at 95% Cl. The result was presented by statement, figures, and tables.

Results
A total of 409 (100 cases and 309 controls) adolescent girls participated, with a response rate of 96% for cases and 98.72% for controls. Food insecurity (AOR = 2.13, CI [1.15, 3.93]), low dietary diversity score (AOR = 1.99, CI [1.06, 3.73]), drinking coffee/tea immediately while eating meals (AOR = 2.19, CI [1.22, 3.95]), not getting nutritional counsel (AOR = 2.07, CI [1.17, 3.66]), chronic illness (AOR = 3.78, CI [1.16, 12.3]), and not visited by health extension workers at home (AOR = 1.85, CI [1.03, 3.31]) were statistically significant determinants of stunting.

Conclusion
Stunting among adolescents is influenced by a low dietary diversity score, a food-insecure household, drinking coffee or tea immediately while eating a meal, not receiving nutritional counseling, having a chronic illness, and not being visited by health extension workers at home. Future researchers would do better to undertake prospective studies. Health extension workers are better able to provide nutritional counsel for adolescent.
MiR-27a inhibits the growth and metastasis of multiple myeloma through regulating Th17/Treg balance
Authors: Lu Weiguo , Huang Hui , Xu Zhanjie , Xu Shumin , Zhao Kewei , Xiao Mingfeng 
Published: October 2024

Background
The imbalance between T helper 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cells plays a key role in the progression of multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods
The gene expression profiles of MM were acquired and examined from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE72213). Our research involved experimental investigations conducted using the MOPC-MM mouse model. Dysregulation of Treg and Th17 cells was evaluated through flow cytometry, while the levels of inflammatory factors were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell proliferation was gauged using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and cell apoptosis was quantified via flow cytometry. Cell metastasis capabilities were determined by conducting transwell assays. To confirm the relationship between miR-27a and PI3K, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed. Finally, proteins associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were assessed using western blotting.

Results
MiR-27a exhibited reduced expression levels in MM. Moreover, it exerted control over the equilibrium of Th17 and Treg cells while reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators such as TGF-β1 and IL-10 in an in vivo setting. Elevated miR-27a levels led to the inhibition of cell viability, colony formation capacity, migratory and invasive traits in an in vitro context. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was identified as a direct target of miR-27a and could reverse the effects induced by miR-27a in MM cells. Notably, PI3K was directly targeted by miR-27a.

Conclusions
Our study revealed that miR-27a inhibited MM evolution by regulating the Th17/Treg balance. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by miR-27a may play a potential mechanistic role.
Prediction of the risks of developing clinically significant frontal imbalance in surgical treatment of severe forms of idiopathic scoliosis with a primary thoracic scoliotic curve
Authors: Vasyura A. S. , Buzunov A. V. , Lukinov V. L. , Novikov V. V. 
Published: October 2024

Objective. To create a multifactorial model for predicting the risks of developing clinically significant frontal imbalance in surgical treatment of severe idiopathic scoliosis based on the identification of predictors influencing the main clinical parameters of trunk asymmetry.Material and Methods. The results of surgical treatment of 288 patients with severe forms of idiopathic scoliosis with a primary thoracic scoliotic curve of types 1, 2, 3 according to Lenke (mean 97.6° ± 15.5° according to Cobb) who underwent surgery in 1999–2019 using posterior segmental instrumentation with hook, hybrid and transpedicular fixation, were analyzed. There were 243 female (84.4 %) and 45 male patients (15.6 %). The average age of patients at the time of surgery was 15.3 [10–39] years. The average postoperative follow-up period was 3.5 [2.0–19.5] years. The analysis included clinical and radiological data obtained in the preoperative, postoperative and late postoperative periods. Predictors of the occurrence of frontal imbalance (the distance from the plumb line to the navel and intergluteal fold more than 15 mm, the tilt of the shoulder girdles more than 5° and the tilt of the scapula more than 15°) were identified by building single- and multivariate logistic regression models.Results. In the total cohort, 41 (14.2 %) patients with clinically significant frontal imbalance were identified, including 10 (3,0 %) – with an increase in the distance from the plumb line to the umbilicus of more than 15 mm, 12 (4.2 %) – with an increase in the distance from the plumb line to the intergluteal fold of more than 15 mm, 8 (2.8 %) – with a shoulder girdle tilt of more than 5°, and 11 (3.8 %) – with a scapular tilt of more than 15°. A significant predictor of the risk of developing frontal imbalance was determined as postoperative thoracic scoliotic curve of more than 63°. Multiplicative predictors of the risk of frontal imbalance were identified: postoperative increase in the distance from the plumb line to the umbilicus by more than 15 mm and a tilt of the shoulder girdles by more than 5° with a sensitivity of 88.9 % and 100.0 %, and a specificity of 89.5 % and 100.0 %, respectively (p < 0.001).Conclusion. Identification of multiplicative predictors of the risk of frontal imbalance allows predicting the risk of increasing the distance from the plumb line to the navel by more than 15 mm and the risk of shoulder girdle tilt by more than 5°. To eliminate the risk of frontal imbalance, it is necessary to strive for maximum correction of the thoracic scoliotic curve. When planning surgical treatment using transpedicular fixation for the correction of severe thoracic scoliosis, it is necessary to take into account the patient’s gender and the presence of concomitant neurosurgical, cardiological and pulmonological pathology to prevent shoulder girdle imbalance.
C1-ring оsteosynthesis as a functionally preserving operation for unstable atlas fractures
Authors: Basankin I. V. , Giulzatyan Abram Akopovich , Magomedov I. M. , Takhmazyan K. K. , Tomina M. I. , Malakhov S. B. , Afaunov A. A. , Porkhanov V. A. 
Published: October 2024

Objective. To analyze the dynamics of pain syndrome, quality of life and functional status of patients with unstable atlas fractures after C1-ring osteosynthesis.Material and Methods. Study design: observational retrospective case series study (n = 15). The intensity of pain syndrome was assessed using the VAS scale before surgery, 3 days, and 3 and 6 months after surgery. The quality of life was assessed using the Neck Disability Index (NDI) before surgery, and 3 and 6 months after surgery. Functional status, as well as cervical spine range of motion (head turn left/right, flexion/extension) was assessed 3 and 6 months after surgery. The integrity of the atlas bone ring and the degree of fusion after fixation were assessed using axial CT scans; and the lateral mass separation was assessed using frontal CT scans. The criterion for transverse ligament injury was a separation of lateral masses of more than 8.1 mm. Results. All patients had C1 fractures type 3B according to Gehweiler, out of them 7 patients (46.7 %) had traumatic injury to the atlas transverse ligament according to Dickman type 1, and 8 patients (53.3 according to Dickman type 2. The average age of patients was 40 years (12; 71), the male/female ratio was 2/1. In 7 patients (46.7 %), the cause of injury was diving, in 6 (40.0 %) it was a traffic accident, and in 2 (13.3 %) – a fall from a standing height. Observation of patients revealed a positive dynamics in the form of statistically significant regression of pain according to VAS before and 6 months after surgery from 6.8 (6.0; 8.0) to 1.0 (1.0; 0.0) points (Z = -3.434; p = 0.001). A positive trend was also noted in the form of a decrease in NDI scores and an improvement in the quality of life after 3 (Z = -3.411; p = 0.001) and 6 months after surgery (Z = -3.410; p = 0.001). The range of motion (turn left/right, flexion/extension) increased statistically significantly by the 6th month after C1-ring osteosynthesis, and its indicators were close to physiological ones. Postoperative CT scans showed positive dynamics in the form of statistically significant regression of the lateral mass separation from 10.4 mm (8.9; 11.4) to 2.2 mm (1.8; 2.6); Z = -3.408; p = 0.001. Complete fusion of the atlas fracture was observed after 12.5 months (8.5; 16.5).Conclusion. Isolated posterior osteosynthesis of the atlas ring for Gehweiler type 3B injury using a repositioning compression maneuver under distraction conditions is physiologically justified. It is a reliable method of stabilization, ensures the restoration of congruence and the entire range of motion in the atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial joints and stability of the occipital-atlantoaxial complex. This operation contributes to a considerable and long-term reduction in the intensity of pain syndrome and a significant improvement in the quality of life.
Spotlight on IUPAC Young Observers
Authors: Reddy Daniel (Dan) , Di Pietro Silvina (Silvi) , Quach Tien Thuy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

As a recent Young Observer (YO) myself (2023), I am honored to have the opportunity to interact with and hear from other Young Observers around the world while collecting feedback for this new series of articles echoing YOs experience being involved in recent IUPAC meetings or projects. Importantly, I am excited to help share these YO’s experiences and reflections about their involvement with IUPAC through this inaugural series in Chemistry International. For reference, “[t]he YO Program provides an opportunity for young scientists to participate in sessions of the IUPAC General Assembly and establish international collaborations, gain knowledge of global research activities, and participate in IUPAC activities (from IUPAC, Young Observer Program
See https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/usnciupac-young-observers-program

).” Many thanks are owed to the YOs who have given their energy and time to prepare these responses. I am especially grateful to Bonnie Lawlor and Fabienne Meyers for their assistance with this project and more broadly their work in support of IUPAC and chemists globally. I hope that you will enjoy these pieces, and I look forward to collecting more responses from other YOs as we continue this globally engaged collection!
Asymmetrical Monetary Relations and Involuntary Unemployment in a General Equilibrium Model
Authors: Piluso Nicolas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article aims to model Keynesian involuntary unemployment within the framework of Walrasian general equilibrium, incorporating an additional hypothesis: the possibility of credit restrictions by banks or financial intermediaries. Keynes’s theory of involuntary unemployment is based on the rejection of the “second classical postulate,” which leads to the idea that entrepreneurs alone decide the level of employment. This is what some Keynesians call the asymmetry of the wage relationship. The result is a restriction of Walras’ law, which no longer includes the labor market. However, the problem is that entrepreneurs themselves may find themselves constrained by financial intermediaries. If there is a second type of asymmetry, i.e., between banks/financial intermediaries and entrepreneurs, Walras’ law will be doubly restricted since it will also exclude the credit market. I set out to identify the consequences of the properties of involuntary unemployment in a general equilibrium model.
Topical treatment of adult house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), with Beauveria bassiana in combination with three entomopathogenic bacteria
Authors: Johnson Dana M. , Weeks Emma N. I. , LoVullo Eric D. , Geden Christopher J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Biological control of house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) has the potential to improve the efficacy and sustainability of integrated pest management. In a previous study, we demonstrated that three bacteria species (Serratia marcescens Bizio [Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae], Photorhabdus temperata Fischer-Le Saux et al. [Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae], and Pseudomonas protegens Ramette et al. [Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae]) are extremely virulent, inducing rapid morbidity and high mortality in adult house flies when injected into the hemocoel but show little effect when applied topically. Here we tested the hypothesis that topical application of these species in combination with the entompathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals. Criv.) Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) would result in an increased and rapid mortality if fungal penetration of the fly cuticle allowed for increased delivery of the bacteria into the fly hemocoel. Bacteria and B. bassiana were tested either by application at the same time or by sequential application of the two pathogens 48 h apart. Results indicated little evidence for synergy between B. bassiana and any of the bacterial pathogens. However, P. protegens caused early mortality (<50 % at 3 days) when applied alone and in combination with B. bassiana. A modified disc diffusion assay indicated that P. temperata and P. protegens had inhibitory effects on the vegetative growth of B. bassiana suggesting the release of antifungal molecules by the bacteria. Results with P. protegens were sufficiently encouraging to warrant further investigation of this species and its associated toxins as house fly biological control tools.