bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stakeholders’ Guidance Document for Consumer Analytical Devices with a Focus on Gluten and Food Allergens
Authors: Popping Bert , Allred Laura , Bourdichon François , Brunner Kurt , Diaz-Amigo Carmen , Galan-Malo Patricia , Lacorn Markus , North Jennifer , Parisi Salvatore , Rogers Adrian , Sealy-Voyksner Jennifer , Thompson Tricia , Yeung Jupiter 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Until recently, analytical tests for food were performed primarily in laboratories, but technical developments now enable consumers to use devices to test their food at home or when dining out. Current consumer devices for food can determine nutritional values, freshness, and, most recently, the presence of food allergens and substances that cause food intolerances. The demand for such products is driven by an increase in the incidence of food allergies, as well as consumer desire for more information about what is in their food. The number and complexity of food matrixes creates an important need for properly validated testing devices with comprehensive user instructions (definitions of technical terms can be found in ISO 5725-1:1994 and the International Vocabulary of Metrology). This is especially important with food allergen determinations that can have life-threatening consequences. Stakeholders—including food regulators, food producers, and food testing kit and equipment manufacturers, as well as representatives from consumer advocacy groups—have worked to outline voluntary guidelines for consumer food allergen- and gluten-testing devices. These guidelines cover areas such as kit validation, user sampling instructions, kit performance, and interpretation of results. The recommendations are based on (1) current known technologies, (2) analytical expertise, and (3) standardized AOAC INTERNATIONAL allergen community guidance and best practices on the analysis of food allergens and gluten. The present guidance document is the first in a series of papers intended to provide general guidelines applicable to consumer devices for all food analytes. Future publications will give specific guidance and validation protocols for devices designed to detect individual allergens and gluten, as statistical analysis and review of any validation data, preferably from an independent third party, are necessary to establish a device’s fitness-for-purpose. Following the recommendations of these guidance documents will help ensure that consumers are equipped with sufficient information to make an informed decision based on an analytical result from a consumer device. However, the present guidance document emphasizes that consumer devices should not be used in isolation to make a determination as to whether a food is safe to eat. As advances are made in science and technology, these recommendations will be reevaluated and revised as appropriate.
El papel de Internet hacia un planeamiento territorial más participativo
Authors: Villa Avendaño Auribel 
Published: December 2017

El presente artículo resalta la importancia de sacar el mayor provecho de los
recursos digitales, en específico el uso del Internet, como parte imprescindible del proceso de
adecuación de los instrumentos de planeamiento a uno de los nuevos paradigmas que se han
venido gestando a partir del inicio del siglo XXI; el de propiciar una mayor y mejor participación
ciudadana en las políticas territoriales.
Para ello se dibuja un panorama general sobre el uso del Internet y las nuevas tecnologías de
comunicación y su repercusión en la gestión pública.
Finalmente se analizan algunas páginas de Internet destinadas a la difusión de una nueva
generación de planes territoriales en Italia, Francia y Cataluña, con el objetivo de identificar
cuáles son las características específicas de Internet, entender la lógica de este nuevo medio
de comunicación y representación y sentar las bases que nos lleven a explotar todo su
potencial.
This paper emphasizes the importance of taking the best advantage from digital resources, specially the use of the Internet, as an essential part of the adjustment process of planning instruments to one of the new paradigms that have been developing from the beginning of XXI century: the improvement of citizen participation.

In order to reach this objective a general prospect about the use of the Internet and new technologies of communication and their repercussion in the public management is drawn. Finally some websites destined to the diffusion of a new generation of regional plans in Italy, France and Catalonia are analyzed aiming to identify which are the specific characteristics of internet, understand the logic of this new way of communication and graphical representation and set the foundations to explore their potential.
El present article ressalta la importància de treure el major profit dels recursos digitals, en concret l’ús d’Internet, com a part imprescindible del procés d’adequació dels instruments de planejament a un dels nous paradigmes que s’han anat gestant a partir del segle XXI; el de proporcionar una major i millor participació ciutadana en les polítiques territorials. Per això es dibuixa un panorama general sobre l’ús d’Internet i les noves tecnologies de comunicació i la seva repercussió en la gestió pública.

Finalment, s’analitzen algunes pàgines d’Internet destinades a la difusió d’una nova generació de plans territorials a Itàlia, França i Catalunya, amb l’objectiu d’identificar quines són les característiques específiques d’Internet, entendre la lògica d’aquest nou medi de comunicació i representació i assentar les bases que ens permetin explotar tot el seu potencial.
Réappropriations mutuelles. Ayahuasca et néochamanisme péruvien internationalisé
Authors: Baud Sébastien 
Published: December 2017

Dans cet article, je présente et analyse le paysage chamanique péruvien internationalisé et façonné par ce que j’appelle des « réappropriations chamaniques ». Ces dernières sont le fruit de rencontres entre nouvelles spiritualités européennes, sud et nord-américaines et néochamanismes locaux, entre celles et ceux qui voyagent à la rencontre de leurs chamanes et ces derniers. Ce paysage en devenir est attesté depuis une époque ancienne – je ne me hasarderai pas ici à donner une date –, comme en témoigne la circulation de plantes rituelles, médicinales et psychotropes et des noms qui les désignent. Autrement dit, ce que d’aucuns appellent le « tourisme chamanique » n’est pas à l’origine, mais participe d’un processus diffus. Pour le montrer, j’appuie mon propos sur une description de l’ayahuasca, cette plante psychotrope emblématique de ce paysage, puis celle du chamanisme awajun (famille linguistique jivaro, Pérou), peu familier, comparativement à d’autres, des « festivals chamaniques » et autres rituels « bricolés » organisés en Amérique ou en Europe. Enfin, j’aborde la rencontre et son intelligence, à travers un essai de compréhension de ce qui se joue dans l’expérience psychotrope des « modernes ».
Hyperespace dans le cyberespace : DMT et méta-ritualisation
Authors: St John Graham 
Published: December 2017

La DMT (N,N-diméthyltryptamine) est une puissante tryptamine à effet de courte durée qui a gagné en popularité au cours de la dernière décennie, indépendamment de l’ayahuasca, un breuvage visionnaire d’Amazonie dont elle est un des principaux ingrédients actifs. Réputée pour sa capacité à déclencher des expériences extracorporelles et de profondes modifications de la perception sensorielle, de l’humeur et des pensées, elle est devenue l’inspiration de toute une communauté underground d’amateurs louant les vertus « enthéogènes » de la DMT et d’autres psychotropes. S’appuyant sur les témoignages des utilisateurs provenant de sites référentiels en ligne et d’autres sources, le présent article s’attarde à décrire l’évènement de percée (breakthrough event) ou l’hyperespace provoqué par la DMT. Dépeinte comme un évènement de gnose et parfois comparée à une expérience de mort imminente, l’expérience de la DMT est souvent associée à des contacts avec des entités et à des manifestations de communication visuelle. Les récits des voyages dans l’hyperespace mettent en lumière la manifestation fondamentale de la substance et nous aident à comprendre la phénoménologie liminale de la DMT et des autres tryptamines. Les comptes-rendus de ces voyages témoignent d’un processus transitionnel, interne et individualisé. Bien que la transe causée par la DMT soit privée, ses conditions ontologiques sont rapportées publiquement, généralement de manière anonyme, sur des sites comme Erowid et DMT-Nexus. Il s’agit aussi d’explorer ici le rôle d’Internet, moyen d’expression universel, dans la création d’une communauté mondiale d’usagers et d’amateurs de ce psychotrope. La navigation dans le cyberespace, sorte d’hyperespace numérique, s’apparente au phénomène de désincarnation propre au « voyage » dans l’hyperespace induit par la DMT. Or, l’ontologie liminale de cet hyperespace est bien plus qu’une simulation ou une réalité virtuelle. Les usagers la considèrent comme une expérience de transformation personnelle authentique. Par analogie, voyages, passages et transitions qui émaillent ces récits relèvent d’une rhétorique méta-ritualisée. Cet article se veut donc une discussion exploratoire sur ce phénomène peu documenté, et aborde l’hyperespace à partir des trois formes de transition qui caractérisent sa phénoménologie méta-ritualisée.
L’évolution de l’interprétation de la notion de moralité publique à l’Organisation mondiale du commerce à l’aune de la Convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités
Authors: Plouffe-Malette Kristine 
Published: December 2017

La moralité publique se présente généralement sous la forme d’un motif d’exception commerciale aux accords multilatéraux. À ce titre, il est possible pour un Membre de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (omc) de soulever la nécessité de la protection de la moralité publique pour justifier l’adoption d’une mesure nationale en contradiction avec ses obligations. Cette nécessité a été soulevée et interprétée par les organes quasi-juridictionnels de l’omc à quelques reprises. La présente étude a pour but d’examiner l’évolution de l’interprétation de la notion de moralité publique par l’omc à l’aune des méthodes d’interprétation prévues à la Convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités, particulièrement à l’article 31 3) c). L’étude des conclusions des différends permettra, dans un premier temps, de souligner que l’interprétation retenue montre qu’une grande déférence dans la détermination du contenu de la moralité publique est accordée au Membre. Dans un deuxième temps, si le test de moralité publique proposé aux rapports sur les différends Communautés européennes – Mesures prohibant l’importation et la commercialisation de produits dérivés du phoque a d’abord semblé aider à clarifier le mode d’interprétation de la notion de moralité publique, l’application du test aux faits sème le doute quant aux réelles portées méthodologiques. Il semble donc que ce différend ait consisté en une occasion manquée de démontrer que le droit de l’omc n’évolue pas en vase clos.
A microbial survey of the International Space Station (ISS)
Authors: Lang Jenna M. , Coil David A. , Neches Russell Y. , Brown Wendy E. , Cavalier Darlene , Severance Mark , Hampton-Marcell Jarrad T. , Gilbert Jack A. , Eisen Jonathan A. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundModern advances in sequencing technology have enabled the census of microbial members of many natural ecosystems. Recently, attention is increasingly being paid to the microbial residents of human-made, built ecosystems, both private (homes) and public (subways, office buildings, and hospitals). Here, we report results of the characterization of the microbial ecology of a singular built environment, the International Space Station (ISS). This ISS sampling involved the collection and microbial analysis (via 16S rDNA PCR) of 15 surfaces sampled by swabs onboard the ISS. This sampling was a component of Project MERCCURI (Microbial Ecology Research Combining Citizen and University Researchers on ISS). Learning more about the microbial inhabitants of the “buildings” in which we travel through space will take on increasing importance, as plans for human exploration continue, with the possibility of colonization of other planets and moons.ResultsSterile swabs were used to sample 15 surfaces onboard the ISS. The sites sampled were designed to be analogous to samples collected for (1) the Wildlife of Our Homes project and (2) a study of cell phones and shoes that were concurrently being collected for another component of Project MERCCURI. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA genes amplified from DNA extracted from each swab was used to produce a census of the microbes present on each surface sampled. We compared the microbes found on the ISS swabs to those from both homes on Earth and data from the Human Microbiome Project.ConclusionsWhile significantly different from homes on Earth and the Human Microbiome Project samples analyzed here, the microbial community composition on the ISS was more similar to home surfaces than to the human microbiome samples. The ISS surfaces are species-rich with 1,036–4,294 operational taxonomic units (OTUs per sample). There was no discernible biogeography of microbes on the 15 ISS surfaces, although this may be a reflection of the small sample size we were able to obtain.
Microcos magnifica (Sparrmanniaceae) a new species of cloudforest tree from Cameroon
Authors: Cheek Martin 
Published: December 2017

Background
Although many new species to science have been discovered from thousands of specimens resulting from botanical inventories to support conservation management in Cameroon in recent years, additional species remain to be formally evaluated taxonomically and described. These include species from genera which have been taxonomically neglected for many decades in Africa, such as Microcos.

Methods
This study is based mainly on herbarium specimens and field observations made in Cameroon during a series of botanical surveys. Herbarium material was examined with a Leica Wild M8 dissecting binocular microscope fitted with an eyepiece graticule.

Principal Findings
Microcos magnifica Cheek (Malvaceae-Grewioideae or Sparrmanniaceae) is described as an Endangered (EN B2 ab(iii)) new tree species from the submontane forests of Cameroon. It is illustrated and described, and its conservation status and taxonomic affinities are assessed. It is the first new Microcos described from Africa in more than 90 years and is unique on the continent in having sculptured fruits.

Discussion
A systematic revision, with a molecular phylogenetic study, of Microcos Burm. ex L. in Africa is necessary if the affinities of the species, including M. magnifica, are to be reliably established.
The antioxidant activity of date seed: preliminary results of a preclinical in vivo study
Authors: Al meqbaali Fatima Theyab , Habib Hosam , Othman Aws , Al-Marzooqi Saeda , Al-Bawardi Alia , Pathan Javed Yasin , Hilary Serene , Souka Usama , Al-Hammadi Suleiman , Ibrahim Wissam , Platat Carine 
Published: December 2017

Chronic diseases (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer), are by far the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Oxidative stress is one of the underlying mechanism in the development and enhancement of chronic diseases. Polyphenols are particularly abundant in date seeds and can contribute in the progress of chronic diseases due to antioxidant properties. The present work studies the effects of date seeds and examines the oxidative stress status on serum and organs of Male Wistar rats after feeding them with basal diet comprising 0, 2, 4 or 8 g/kg date seed powder (DSP) for a period of 13 weeks. Isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were subjected to all the four groups. Antioxidant status, protein and lipid oxidative biomarkers were measured in the serum and organs and histopathology was done. The results showed that DSP suggestively (P < 0.05) elevated the antioxidant defense system of the serum and organs. DSP decreased protein and lipid oxidative damages in the liver, muscle and brain. In addition, DSP did not alter the organs’ function based on the analysis of biochemical markers. The results indicate that oxidative stress-related diseases could be possibly prevented by the DSP bioactive antioxidants.
A New Chronology of Late Quaternary Sequences From the Central Arctic Ocean Based on “Extinction Ages” of Their Excesses in 231Pa and 230Th
Authors: Hillaire‐Marcel C. , Ghaleb B. , de Vernal A. , Maccali J. , Cuny K. , Jacobel A. , Le Duc C. , McManus J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMerging the late Quaternary Arctic paleoceanography into the Earth's global climate history remains challenging due to the lack of robust marine chronostratigraphies. Over ridges notably, low and variable sedimentation rates, scarce biogenic remains ensuing from low productivity and/or poor preservation, and oxygen isotope and paleomagnetic records differing from global stacks represent major impediments. However, as illustrate here based on consistent records from Mendeleev‐Alpha and Lomonosov Ridges, disequilibria between U‐series isotopes can provide benchmark ages. In such settings, fluxes of the particle‐reactive U‐daughter isotopes 230Th and 231Pa from the water column, are not unequivocally linked to sedimentation rates, but rather to sea‐ice rafting and brine production histories, thus to the development of sea‐ice factories over shelves during intervals of high relative sea level. The excesses in 230Th and 231Pa over fractions supported by their parent U‐isotopes, collapse down sedimentary sequences, due to radioactive decay, and provide radiometric benchmark ages of approximately 300 and 140 ka, respectively. These “extinction ages” point to mean sedimentation rates of ∼4.3 and ∼1.7 mm/ka, respectively, over the Lomonosov and Mendeleev Ridges, which are significantly lower than assumed in most recent studies, thus highlighting the need for revisiting current interpretations of Arctic lithostratigraphies in relation to the global‐scale late Quaternary climatostratigraphy.
Observations of Near‐Surface Current Shear Help Describe Oceanic Oil and Plastic Transport
Authors: Laxague Nathan J. M. , Özgökmen Tamay M. , Haus Brian K. , Novelli Guillaume , Shcherbina Andrey , Sutherland Peter , Guigand Cédric M. , Lund Björn , Mehta Sanchit , Alday Matias , Molemaker Jeroen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPlastics and spilled oil pose a critical threat to marine life and human health. As a result of wind forcing and wave motions, theoretical and laboratory studies predict very strong velocity variation with depth over the upper few centimeters of the water column, an observational blind spot in the real ocean. Here we present the first‐ever ocean measurements of the current vector profile defined to within 1 cm of the free surface. In our illustrative example, the current magnitude averaged over the upper 1 cm of the ocean is shown to be nearly four times the average over the upper 10 m, even for mild forcing. Our findings indicate that this shear will rapidly separate pieces of marine debris which vary in size or buoyancy, making consideration of these dynamics essential to an improved understanding of the pathways along which marine plastics and oil are transported.
Dynamics of Sunspot Series on Time Scales From Days to Years: Correlation of Sunspot Births, Variable Lifetimes, and Evolution of the High‐Frequency Spectral Component
Authors: Shapoval A. , Le Mouël J.‐L. , Shnirman M. , Courtillot V. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper explores some features of the dynamics of daily sunspot numbers on scales from days to years. We define higher and lower frequency energy components of the series that are related to periods ranging over 1 to 6 days and 6 days to 2 years, respectively. The lower frequency component is found to follow the solar activity, but the maxima of the higher frequency component are unexpectedly lower during the last epoch of high solar activity than during the preceding epoch of low solar activity. We also consider the birthrate of sunspot groups as another indicator of quickly varying components of the solar activity and show that it is the general growth of solar activity in the 1930–1940s that drives up this birthrate. We propose an autoregressive model that captures the opposite trends exhibited by the two representatives of the high‐frequency content, accurately reproduces the evolutions of the lower and higher frequency energy components, and replicates the shape of the curve representing the daily sunspot numbers. The three following hypotheses underlie the model construction: (1) proxy series of solar activity can be modeled by a random process with a modulated noise; (2) sunspot's birth and disappearance rates, both following the solar cycle, determine properties of this process; and (3) the births of sunspots are positively correlated in time during epochs of high solar activity. We find that the mean birthrate varies as a power function of the mean lifetime. Derived constraints could contribute to narrowing the choice of a proper solar dynamo model.
Validation and Analysis of Bounce Resonance Diffusion Coefficients
Authors: Li Xinxin , Tao Xin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTheoretical bounce resonance diffusion coefficients for waves generated near the equatorial plane are analyzed theoretically and validated numerically using guiding‐center test particle simulations. A previous study demonstrated numerically the sensitivity of the diffusion coefficients to the peak wave normal angle and the maximum wave latitude for electrons in bounce resonance with equatorially confined magnetosonic waves. We demonstrate analytically that the sensitivity of the diffusion coefficients to the peak wave normal angle is due to the narrow width of the wave normal angle distribution of the particular wave model used by the previous study. We also show that there is no dependence on the maximum latitude if particle's mirroring points are located within the wave boundary. By analyzing the contribution of each harmonic resonance to the total diffusion coefficients, we show that the discontinuities of the diffusion coefficients as a function of the equatorial pitch angle (α0) occur when the contribution of a harmonic resonance goes to 0. Using a two‐dimensional pitch angle and energy diffusion simulation, we demonstrate that bounce resonance with magnetosonic waves can cause pitch angle scattering of equatorially mirroring electrons, leading to a smooth variation of flux with α0 for α0∼90∘. We conclude that bounce resonance with magnetosonic waves might be an important mechanism in pitch angle scattering and acceleration of electrons in the radiation belt.