bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronology and stratigraphy of the Magdalen Islands archipelago from the last glaciation to the early Holocene: new insights into the glacial and sea‐level history of eastern Canada
Authors: Rémillard Audrey M. , St‐Onge Guillaume , Bernatchez Pascal , Hétu Bernard , Buylaert Jan‐Pieter , Murray Andrew S. , Vigneault Benoit 
Published: July 2016

The Magdalen Islands (Québec, Canada) are a key location for unravelling the glacial and sea‐level history of the Maritime Provinces of eastern Canada. Although many sedimentary sequences have been described in the literature, absolute ages are lacking, impeding an accurate interpretation of the deposits and the establishment of a precise chronological framework. This study provides a detailed description of 21 stratigraphical sequences located throughout the archipelago, as well as the first comprehensive luminescence chronology from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to c. 10 ka. In addition to the five samples collected for age control purposes, 34 luminescence samples were taken from 17 different sites in glacial, periglacial and coastal deposits. The stratigraphical and chronological data reveal that the islands were at the crossroads of two icecaps during the LGM; the southern islands were glaciated by the Escuminac icecap located in the western Gulf of St. Lawrence whereas the northern archipelago was glaciated at the end of the LGM by an ice flow from Newfoundland. The glacial deposit covering the northern Magdalen Islands was associated with the Newfoundland icecap; here it is named the Grande‐Entrée till and is dated to c. 20 ka. OSL ages between c. 23 and 17 ka acquired from cryopediment and coastal deposits on the southern islands indicate that this part of the archipelago was deglaciated shortly after the LGM and was affected by a high sea level and periglacial processes. Around 15 ka, the entire archipelago was deglaciated and partially submerged until c. 10 ka. This data set is the first major contribution to a detailed chronology of the Magdalen Islands and constitutes the first step towards interpreting the glacial and sea‐level history of the central area of the Gulf of St. Lawrence; this new understanding will provide input to regional marine and glacial modelling.
Commentary: An Asian Americanist Perspective on Child Development
Authors: Lee Richard M. , Y.J. Kim Adam , Zhou Xiang 
Published: July 2016

In this commentary, we put forth an Asian Americanist perspective on child development that frames, expands upon, and at times challenges the contextual, conceptual, and methodological ideas put forward by Kiang et al., Mistry et al., and Yoshikawa et al. (this volume). This Asian Americanist perspective draws upon scholarship in Asian American Studies and critical race theory to bridge the historical, conceptual, and methodological contributions of the three articles. We also aim to challenge current and future generations of scholars studying Asian American child development to look at Asian American youth and families as autonomous, self‐determining agents who are capable of challenging, resisting, and affecting change in a racialized society.
A Queueing Theoretic Approach to Set Staffing Levels in Time‐Dependent Dual‐Class Service Systems*
Authors: Vile J. L. , Gillard J. W. , Harper P. R. , Knight V. A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the optimal staffing problem for a nonpreemptive priority queue with two customer classes and a time‐dependent arrival rate. The problem is related to several important service settings such as call centers and emergency departments where the customers are grouped into two classes of “high priority” and “low priority,” and the services are typically evaluated according to the proportion of customers who are responded to within targeted response times. To date, only approximation methods have been explored to generate staffing requirements for time‐dependent dual‐class services, but we propose a tractable numerical approach to evaluate system behavior and generate safe minimum staffing levels using mixed discrete‐continuous time Markov chains (MDCTMCs). Our approach is delicate in that it accounts for the behavior of the system under a number of different rules that may be imposed on staff if they are busy when due to leave and involves explicitly calculating delay distributions for two customer classes. Ultimately, we embed our methodology in a proposed extension of the Euler method, coined Euler Pri, that can cope with two customer classes, and use it to recommend staffing levels for the Welsh Ambulance Service Trust (WAST).
Body size but not colony size increases with altitude in the holarctic ant, Leptothorax acervorum
Authors: BERNADOU ABEL , RÖMERMANN CHRISTINE , GRATIASHVILI NANA , HEINZE JÜRGEN 
Published: July 2016

1. Bergmann's rule states that organisms inhabiting colder environments show an increase in body size or mass in comparison to their conspecifics living in warmer climates. Although originally proposed for homoeothermic vertebrates, this rule was later extended to ectotherms. In social insects, only a few studies have tested this rule and the results were ambiguous. Here, ‘body size’ can be considered at two different levels (the size of the individual workers or the size of the colony).2. In this study, data from 53 nests collected along altitudinal gradients in the Alps were used to test the hypotheses that the worker body size and colony size of the ant Leptothorax acervorum increase with increasing altitude and therefore follow Bergmann's rule.3. The results show that the body size of workers but not the colony size increases with altitude. Whether this pattern is driven by starvation resistance or other mechanisms remains to be investigated.
Syphilitic dementia and lipid metabolism
Authors: Jiang Y. , Zhang Y. F. , Liu M. , Ma L. L. , Peng F. H. , Huang Q. L. , Ma X. M. , Chen X. H. 
Published: July 2016

Background and purposeChronic syphilitic infection may lead to dementia. It is in general paresis (GP), which is the major late form of neurosyphilis, that cognitive impairment frequently occurs. The association between lipid metabolism and GP is unclear.MethodsIn this study, serum lipids were studied in 188 GP patients, in 241 syphilitic patients without neurosyphilis and in 539 healthy controls. The Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) was tested in all GP patients. Thirty‐five GP patients had a follow‐up evaluation 3 months after penicillin treatment.ResultsSignificantly lower apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I) levels were found in GP and in syphilitic patients without neurosyphilis compared to controls. In the 25–44‐year‐old groups, the male syphilitic patients without neurosyphilis had lower serum apoA‐I levels and higher apolipoprotein B (apoB)/apoA‐I ratios compared with female patients. A follow‐up evaluation of 35 GP patients 3 months after penicillin treatment showed a significant positive correlation between increased apoA‐I levels and MMSE scores.ConclusionAbnormal apoA‐I metabolism may be associated with the decline of cognitive performance. Long‐term decrease of apoA‐I level and higher apoB/apoA‐I ratio may be contributing factors in syphilitic dementia. These results suggest a similar overlap between syphilitic dementia and lipid metabolism to that occurring in Alzheimer's disease.
Islands in the ice stream: were spawning habitats for native salmonids in the Great Lakes created by paleo‐ice streams?
Authors: Riley Stephen C , Binder Thomas R , Tucker Taaja R , Menzies John , Eyles Nick , Janssen John , Muir Andrew M , Esselman Peter C , Wattrus Nigel J , Krueger Charles C 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLake troutSalvelinus namaycush, lake whitefishCoregonus clupeaformisand ciscoCoregonus artediare salmonid fishes native to the Laurentian Great Lakes that spawn on rocky substrates in the fall and early winter. After comparing the locations of spawning habitat for these species in the main basin of Lake Huron with surficial substrates and the hypothesized locations of fast‐flowing Late Wisconsinan paleo‐ice streams, we hypothesize that much of the spawning habitat for these species in Lake Huron is the result of deposition and erosion by paleo‐ice streams. This hypothesis may represent a new framework for the identification and protection of spawning habitat for these native species, some of which are currently rare or extirpated in some of the Great Lakes. We further suggest that paleo‐ice streams may have been responsible for the creation of native salmonid spawning habitat elsewhere in the Great Lakes and in other glaciated landscapes.
Family Interventions for Schizophrenia and the Psychoses: A Review
Authors: McFarlane William R. 
Published: July 2016

Family psychoeducation as a treatment for schizophrenia was developed 40 years ago almost simultaneously and independently by investigators who at the time were not family therapists. Although the original goal was to decrease high expressed emotion as a means of preventing relapse, later variations have gone beyond to focus on social and role functioning and family well‐being. Explicitly disavowing the earlier assumptions that family pathology caused relapse and deterioration, family psychoeducation seeks to engage family members as more sophisticated partners, complementing interventions by clinicians with specialized interactions and coping skills that counter the neurologic deficits inherent to the disorder. It has proved to be one of the most consistently effective treatments available. Reports on outcome studies now number more than 100, while meta‐analyses put relapse rate reduction at 50–60% over treatment as usual. The most recent application in first episode and prodromal psychosis, combined with other evidence‐based interventions, is yielding perhaps the most promising results yet achieved—substantial return of functioning and avoidance of psychosis altogether. Reviewed here are its scientific, theoretical, and clinical sources, a description of the most commonly applied version—the multifamily group format, selected clinical trials spanning those four decades, international and ethnic adaptations, and studies on mechanisms of efficacy.
Intestinal permeability and P‐glycoprotein‐mediated efflux transport of ticagrelor in Caco‐2 monolayer cells
Authors: Marsousi Niloufar , Doffey‐Lazeyras Fabienne , Rudaz Serge , Desmeules Jules A. , Daali Youssef 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTicagrelor is the unique reversible oral antiplatelet drug commercialized today. During this study, the intestinal permeability of ticagrelor and its potential P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp)‐mediated active transport were assessed. To this end, bidirectional transport of ticagrelor was performed across Caco‐2 (human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma) monolayer model in the presence and absence of potent P‐gp inhibitor valspodar. Ticagrelor presented an apical–basolateral apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of 6.0 × 10−6 cm/s. On the other hand, mean efflux ratio (ER) of 2.71 was observed for ticagrelor describing a higher efflux permeability compared to the influx component. Valspodar showed a significant inhibitory effect on the efflux of ticagrelor suggesting involvement of P‐gp in its oral disposition. Co‐incubation of the P‐gp inhibitor decreased the efflux Papp of ticagrelor from 1.60 × 10−5 to 1.13 × 10−5 cm/s and decreased its ER by 70%. Results suggest a modest active transport of ticagrelor by P‐gp across the Caco‐2 cell monolayer. The co‐administration of ticagrelor with a P‐gp inhibitor seems altogether unlikely to have an extended impact on pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor and cause bleeding events in patients.
A meta‐analysis of soil salinization effects on nitrogen pools, cycles and fluxes in coastal ecosystems
Authors: Zhou Minghua , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus , Vereecken Harry , Brüggemann Nicolas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSalinity intrusion caused by land subsidence resulting from increasing groundwater abstraction, decreasing river sediment loads and increasing sea level because of climate change has caused widespread soil salinization in coastal ecosystems. Soil salinization may greatly alter nitrogen (N) cycling in coastal ecosystems. However, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of soil salinization on ecosystem N pools, cycling processes and fluxes is not available for coastal ecosystems. Therefore, we compiled data from 551 observations from 21 peer‐reviewed papers and conducted a meta‐analysis of experimental soil salinization effects on 19 variables related to N pools, cycling processes and fluxes in coastal ecosystems. Our results showed that the effects of soil salinization varied across different ecosystem types and salinity levels. Soil salinization increased plant N content (18%), soil NH4+ (12%) and soil total N (210%), although it decreased soil NO3− (2%) and soil microbial biomass N (74%). Increasing soil salinity stimulated soil N2O fluxes as well as hydrological NH4+ and NO2− fluxes more than threefold, although it decreased the hydrological dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) flux (59%). Soil salinization also increased the net N mineralization by 70%, although salinization effects were not observed on the net nitrification, denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in this meta‐analysis. Overall, this meta‐analysis improves our understanding of the responses of ecosystem N cycling to soil salinization, identifies knowledge gaps and highlights the urgent need for studies on the effects of soil salinization on coastal agro‐ecosystem and microbial N immobilization. Additional increases in knowledge are critical for designing sustainable adaptation measures to the predicted intrusion of salinity intrusion so that the productivity of coastal agro‐ecosystems can be maintained or improved and the N losses and pollution of the natural environment can be minimized.
Tax Evasion, Corruption and Tax Loopholes
Authors: Marjit Sugata , Thum Marcel , Seidel André 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This paper addresses tax loopholes that allow firms to exploit borderline cases between legal tax avoidance and illegal tax evasion. In general, tax loopholes are detrimental to a revenue-maximizing government. This may change in the presence of corruption in the tax administration. Tax loopholes may serve as a separating mechanism that helps governments maximize revenues and curb corruption, which may explain why developing countries only gradually close loopholes in their tax codes.
An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Hudak Lauren , Jaraisy Ameen , Haj Saeda , Muhsen Khitam 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine the prevalence of depleted iron stores among persons infected with Helicobacter pylori compared to uninfected ones. We also assessed the impact of anti‐H. pylori eradication therapy plus iron therapy on ferritin and hemoglobin levels compared to iron therapy alone.MethodsA literature search was conducted using the databases Medline, the Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and the Science Citation Index Expanded. Observational studies with methodological quality score of 13 (median score) and above, on a scale of 0–16, and all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible for the meta‐analyses. Pooled point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using the random effects model.ResultsCompared to uninfected persons, H. pylori‐infected individuals showed increased likelihood of iron deficiency anemia (14 observational studies); pooled OR 1.72 (95% CI 1.23–2.42); iron deficiency (pooled OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.15–1.54; 30 studies); and anemia (pooled OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.00–1.32; 23 studies). Meta‐analyses of seven RCTs showed increased ferritin, standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.53 (95% 0.21–0.85), but not hemoglobin, SMD 0.36 (95% −0.07 to 0.78), Pv=.1, following anti‐H. pylori eradication therapy plus iron therapy as compared with iron therapy alone. Significant heterogeneity was found among studies, as well as evidence of publication bias.ConclusionsCurrent evidence indicates increased likelihood of depleted iron stores in relation to H. pylori infection. H. pylori eradication therapy, added to iron therapy, might be beneficial in increasing ferritin and hemoglobin levels.
Variation in human sweet taste receptor may result in different levels of sweet intensity variability between sweet stimuli
Authors: Waksmonski James C. , Koppel Kadri 
Published: July 2016

SummaryUnderstanding the physiological activation and genetic variation of the sweet taste receptor (T1R) can improve formula optimisation for products intended for a population of genetically diverse people. Computer modelling and cell culture techniques have thoroughly described the structure and binding sites of the T1R. The structure contains two subunits (T1R2 and T1R3) with multiple domains where sweet molecules can interact. The interaction takes place between individual molecules and amino acid residues of the T1R. The residues with which individual molecules interact differ between sweeteners. Person‐to‐person differences in the residue sequence of the T1R can arise from variation in the genes that encode the T1R, potentially effecting the function of the receptor. As a result of the specificity of the binding interactions, a specific genetic variation may affect sensitivity to some sweeteners, while sensitivity to other sweeteners remains normal. Therefore, it can be hypothesised that the level of person‐to‐person sweetness sensitivity variation may differ for each sweetener depending on the binding site of the molecule and site of T1R variation. The T1R structure, binding sites and genetic variation will be reviewed, as well as potential parameters to predict the degree of sensitivity variation and formulation strategies to minimise the effects of sensitivity variation.
Juncker's political European Commission and an EU in crisis
Authors: Peterson John 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article investigates the European Commission under the Presidency of Jean‐Claude Juncker during a time of acute crisis in the European Union. It asks what it means for Juncker to preside over a ‘political Commission’, following his appointment as the so‐called Spitzenkandidat of the centre‐right after the 2014 EP European Parliament election. More generally, it considers what makes the Juncker Commission distinctive. We ask whether Juncker views his EP mandate as giving him licence to head a Commission that is more ambitious than those headed by his predecessor, José Manuel Barroso. We provide empirical raw material for theorizing about the EU, particularly given the prominence of the new intergovernmentalism as a theoretical paradigm of European integration. We argue that it is time to redefine the term ‘intergovernmental’, especially given how the Commission has become more directly linked to and dependent on EU national capitals in a time of acute crisis.
Periodontal diseases and carotid intima‐media thickness in Bangladesh
Authors: Wu Fen , Chen Yu , Demmer Ryan T. , Parvez Faruque , Paul Rina Rani , Shaheen Ishrat , Sarwar Golam , Ahmed Alauddin , Eunus Mahbub , Ahsan Nafiz , Habibullah Nur Mohammad , Islam Tariqul , Rundek Tatjana , Ahsan Habibul , Desvarieux Moise 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the relationship between periodontal diseases and subclinical atherosclerosis in a younger and lean South Asian population.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study in 917 subjects (mean age 46 years and mean body mass index 21.1 kg/m2) from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study in Bangladesh. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the associations between multiple clinical measures of periodontal diseases and carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT).ResultsMean attachment loss (AL) and percentage of sites with AL ≥ 4 mm (% AL ≥ 4) were associated with increased IMT. The IMT was 20.0‐μm (95% CI: 2.2, 37.8) and 26.5‐μm (95% CI: 8.9, 44.1) higher in subjects in the top quartile of mean AL (>3.72 mm) and % AL ≥ 4 (>58.4%), respectively, compared to those in the bottom quartile. In a subset of 366 subjects, mean AL was positively associated with plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (p < 0.05) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (p < 0.01).ConclusionsAttachment loss was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in this young and lean Bangladeshi population. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm this association.
Nurse and midwifery education and intimate partner violence: a scoping review
Authors: Crombie Nerissa , Hooker Leesa , Reisenhofer Sonia 
Published: July 2016

Aims and ObjectivesThis scoping review aims to identify the scope of current literature considering nurse/midwife educational practices in the areas of intimate partner violence to inform future nursing/midwifery educational policy and practice.BackgroundIntimate partner violence is a global issue affecting a significant portion of the community. Healthcare professionals including nurses/midwives in hospital‐ and community‐based environments are likely to encounter affected women and need educational strategies that support best practice and promote positive outcomes for abused women and their families.DesignScoping review of relevant literature from January 2000 to July 2015.MethodSearch of databases: CINHAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PROQUEST Central and COCHRANE Library. Reference lists from included articles were searched for relevant literature as were several grey literature sources.ResultsThis review demonstrates low levels of undergraduate or postregistration intimate partner violence education for nursing/midwifery staff and students. Existing intimate partner violence education strategies are varied in implementation, method and content. Outcomes of these educational programmes are not always rigorously evaluated for staff or client‐based outcomes.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to evaluate existing intimate partner violence education programmes for nurses/midwives and identify the most effective strategies to promote improved clinical practice and outcomes for abused women and their families.Relevance to clinical practiceIntimate partner violence has a significant social and public health impact. The World Health Organization has identified the need to ensure that healthcare professionals are adequately trained to meet the needs of abused women. Intimate partner violence education programmes, commencing at undergraduate studies for nurses/midwives, need to be implemented with rigorously evaluated programmes to ensure they meet identified objectives, promote best practice and improve care for abused women.