bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate and Fire Scenario Uncertainty Dominate the Evaluation of Options for Conserving the Great Desert Skink
Authors: Cadenhead Natasha C. R. , Kearney Michael R. , Moore Danae , McAlpin Steve , Wintle Brendan A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFire regimes are predicted to change under climate change, with associated impacts on species and ecosystems. However, the magnitude and direction of regime changes are uncertain, as will be species’ responses. For many species, how they respond will determine their medium‐long‐term viability. We propagate fire regime and species’ response uncertainties through a 50‐year viability analysis of the great desert skink,Liopholis kintorei, in central Australia, characterizing fire regime change under three scenarios. Species’ response uncertainty was characterized with three competing models based on fire and habitat variables, fitted to 11 years of occupancy data. We evaluate fire management options for conserving the species, based on their robustness to uncertainty about fire and species’ response. Efforts to minimize the frequency and size of fires provides the most consistent improvements to species’ persistence. We show that disentangling important from unimportant uncertainties enables conservation managers to make more efficient, defensible decisions.
Nitrogen monoxide and carbon monoxide transfer interpretation: state of the art
Authors: Martinot Jean Benoit , Guénard Hervé , Dinh‐Xuan Anh‐Tuan , Gin Henri , Dromer Claire 
Published: November 2015

SummaryJust a few clinicians routinely measure the subcomponents of the lung diffusing capacity for Carbone monoxide (DLCO). This is because the measurement of membrane and blood conductances for CO (DmCO and DbCO = θCO × Vc, respectively) by the classic Roughton and Forster method is complicated and time consuming. In addition, it mistakenly assumes a close relationship between alveolar oxygen partial pressure (PAO2) and mean intracapillary oxygen partial pressure (PcapO2) which is the true determinant of specific conductance of haemoglobin for CO (θCO). Besides that, the critical multistep oxygenation method along with different linear equations relating 1/θCO to PcapO2 gave highly scattered DmCO and Vc values. The Dm and Vc can also be derived from a simultaneous measurement of DLNO and DLCO with the blood resistance for NO assumed to be negligible. However, recent in vitro and in vivo experiments point towards a finite value of θNO (about 4·5 mlNO × mlblood−1 × min−1 × mmHg−1). Putting together the arguments and our clinical data allows us to report here the state of the art in partitioning the CO diffusing capacity into its constitutive components, with the goal to encourage further studies examining the sensitivity of DmCO and Vc to alterations observed in parenchymal diseases.
Sustainable grassland systems: a modelling perspective based on the North Wyke Farm Platform
Authors: Wu L. , Zhang X. , Griffith B. A. , Misselbrook T. H. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe North Wyke Farm Platform (NWFP) provides data from the field‐ to the farm‐scale, enabling the research community to address key issues in sustainable agriculture better and to test models that are capable of simulating soil, plant and animal processes involved in the systems. The tested models can then be used to simulate how agro‐ecosystems will respond to changes in the environment and management. In this study, we used baseline datasets generated from the NWFP to validate the Soil‐Plant‐Atmosphere Continuum System (SPACSYS) model in relation to the dynamics of soil water content, water loss from runoff and forage biomass removal. The validated model, together with future climate scenarios for the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s (from the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES): medium (A1B) and large (A1F1) emission scenarios), were used to simulate the long‐term responses of the system with three contrasting treatments on the NWFP. Simulation results demonstrated that the SPACSYS model could estimate reliably the dynamics of soil water content, water loss from runoff and drainage, and cut biomass for a permanent sward. The treatments responded in different ways under the climate change scenarios. More carbon (C) is fixed and respired by the swards treated with an increased use of legumes, whereas less C was lost through soil respiration with the planned reseeding. The deep‐rooting grass in the reseeding treatment reduced N losses through leaching, runoff and gaseous emissions, and water loss from runoff compared with the other two treatments.
A novel model for arc territory design: promoting Eulerian districts
Authors: García‐Ayala Gabriela , González‐Velarde José Luis , Ríos‐Mercado Roger Z. , Fernández Elena 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe problem of district design for the implementation of arc routing activities is addressed. The aim is to partition a road network into a given number of sectors to facilitate the organization of the operations to be implemented within the region. This problem arises in numerous applications such as postal delivery, meter readings, winter gritting, road maintenance, and municipal solid waste collection. An integer linear programming model is proposed where a novel set of node parity constraints to favor Eulerian districts is introduced. Series of instances were solved to assess the impact of these parity constraints on the objective function and deadhead distance. Networks with up to 401 nodes and 764 edges were successfully solved. The model is useful at a tactical level as it can be used to promote workload balance, compactness, deadhead distance reduction and parity in districts.
Imiquimod‐induced apoptosis of melanoma cells is mediated by ER stress‐dependent Noxa induction and enhanced by NF‐κB inhibition
Authors: El‐Khattouti Abdelouahid , Selimovic Denis , Hannig Matthias , Taylor Erin B. , Abd Elmageed Zakaria Y. , Hassan Sofie Y. , Haikel Youssef , Kandil Emad , Leverkus Martin , Brodell Robert T. , Megahed Mosaad , Hassan Mohamed 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMelanoma is characterized by dysregulated intracellular signalling pathways including an impairment of the cell death machinery, ultimately resulting in melanoma resistance, survival and progression. This explains the tumour's extraordinary resistance to the standard treatment. Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier (imidazoquinoline) with both antiviral and antitumour activities. The mechanism by which imiquimod triggers the apoptosis of melanoma cells has now been carefully elucidated. Imiquimod‐induced apoptosis is associated with the activation of apoptosis signalling regulating kinase1/c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase/p38 pathways and the induction of endoplasmic stress characterized by the activation of the protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase signalling pathway, increase in intracellular Ca2+ release, degradation of calpain and subsequent cleavage of caspase‐4. Moreover, imiquimod triggers the activation of NF‐κB and the expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) such as, X‐linked IAP (XIAP) together with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also, imiquimod triggers mitochondrial dysregulation characterized by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), the increase in cytochrome c release, and cleavage of caspase‐9, caspase‐3 and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP). Inhibitors of specific pathways, permit the elucidation of possible mechanisms of imiquimod‐induced apoptosis. They demonstrate that inhibition of NF‐kB by the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa‐B kinase (IKK) inhibitor Bay 11‐782 or knockdown of XIAP induces melanoma apoptosis in cells exposed to imiquimod. These findings support the use of either IKK inhibitors or IAP antagonists as adjuvant therapies to improve the effectiveness topical imiquimod in the treatment of melanoma.
CYP1A1 rs1048943 and rs4646903 polymorphisms associated with laryngeal cancer susceptibility among Asian populations: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Zeng Wei , Li Yanwei , Lu Eryong , Ma Min 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMany studies have investigated the association between CYP1A1 rs1048943 and rs4646903 polymorphisms and laryngeal cancer risk, but their results have been inconsistent. The PubMed and CNKI were searched for case–control studies published up to 01 July 2015. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. In this meta‐analysis, we assessed 10 published studies involving comprising 748 laryngeal cancer cases and 1558 controls of the association between CYP1A1 rs1048943 and rs4646903 polymorphisms and laryngeal cancer risk. For CYP1A1 rs1048943 of the homozygote G/G and G allele carriers (A/G + G/G) versus A/A, the pooled ORs were 1.77 (95% CI = 1.28–2.81, P = 0.007 for heterogeneity) and 1.86 (95% CI = 1.45–2.40, P = 0.000 for heterogeneity). For CYP1A1 rs4646903 of the homozygote G/G and G allele carriers (A/G + G/G) versus A/A, the pooled ORs were 1.53 (95% CI = 1.31–2.21, P = 0.012 for heterogeneity) and 1.33(95% CI = 1.04–1.71, P = 0.029 for heterogeneity). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, the significantly risks were found among Asians for both the G allele carriers and homozygote G/G. However, no significant associations were found in Caucasian population all genetic models. These results from the meta‐analysis suggest that CYP1A1 rs1048943 and rs4646903 polymorphisms contribute to risk of laryngeal cancer among Asian populations.
Estimation of efficacy functions for products used to manage corn rootworm larval injury
Authors: Tinsley N. A. , Mitchell P. D. , Wright R. J. , Meinke L. J. , Estes R. E. , Gray M. E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMaize, Zea mays L., is an economically important crop grown throughout the world. Corn rootworm, Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), larvae constitute a significant economic threat to maize production in the United States, where yield losses and management costs associated with corn rootworm species exceed $1 billion annually. Furthermore, the introduction of the western corn rootworm, D. virgifera virgifera LeConte, into maize‐producing regions of Europe has made managing corn rootworm larval injury an international concern. Larvae injure maize plants by feeding on root tissue and are the primary target of management activities. Products commonly used to protect root systems from injury include chemical insecticides (seed or soil applied) and genetically modified maize hybrids expressing toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt). The confirmation of field‐evolved resistance to various Bt toxins in populations of the western corn rootworm presents a significant management challenge. We performed a meta‐analysis to provide a broad understanding of the relative efficacy of the primary products currently being used to manage corn rootworm larval injury, including insecticidal seed treatments, soil insecticides and Bt hybrids (with and without the addition of soil insecticide). Our analysis is unique in the breadth of locations and years included – we analysed 135 individual trials conducted from 2003 through 2014 at multiple sites in both Illinois and Nebraska. Panel data were produced by pairing the mean node‐injury rating for each treatment of a given trial with the mean node‐injury rating for untreated maize. Linear regression models were developed to estimate the relationship between the potential for corn rootworm larval injury and product performance. For a given level of injury potential, the parameters estimated reveal differences in the degree of root protection offered by the various product categories analysed. Implications for developing long‐term, integrated, and sustainable practices for managing this important pest of maize are discussed.
Offspring sex ratio and development are determined by copulation activity in Echinothrips americanus MORGAN 1913 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Krueger S. , Mound L. A. , Moritz G. B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe costs of parthenogenetic reproduction are more or less unknown in thrips. However, IPM strategies require an understanding of temporal and spatial life‐history variations and sex ratios. Hence, different circumstances with regard to mating and sperm storage, and their effects on the life history of the adults and progeny, were tested in Echinothrips americanus. Different conditions were investigated: (1) one female and one male with permanent access to each other, (2) one female and one male with limited access to each other, (3) one virgin male only, (4) one virgin female only and (5) two virgin females permanently associated. Mating or not mating has a significant effect on the longevity of females and males, and on female fecundity. As a result of tested condition (2), limited access has a positive effect on longevity of a male. On the other hand, permanent access (1) or no access to a female (3) leads to shorter longevity of a male. For a female with permanent access to a male (1), longevity and oviposition rate are reduced. In addition, test conditions of parents have a significant effect on developmental time of the offspring and their sex ratio. Compared to a female under condition (1), a female with limited access to a male (2) delivers offspring with a more male‐biased sex ratio, independent of the period of time after last male access. Concerning the time for development of the offspring, females under condition (2) and under condition (4) deliver an F1 generation with a shorter developmental time than those under condition (1). Therefore, E. americanus seems to have a feedback system, that is offspring in low male‐biased populations develop faster and generate an adapted sex ratio. Hence, the assumption of a lower infestation risk in arrhenotokous than in thelytokous parthenogenesis should be reconsidered.
1,8‐ and 1,4‐cineole enhance spontaneous excitatory transmission by activating different types of transient receptor potential channels in the rat spinal substantia gelatinosa
Authors: Jiang Chang‐Yu , Wang Chong , Xu Nian‐Xiang , Fujita Tsugumi , Murata Yuzo , Kumamoto Eiichi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAlthough transient receptor potential (TRP) channels expressed in the spinal substantia gelatinosa play a role in modulating nociceptive transmission, their properties have not been fully examined yet. In order to address this issue, the effects of 1,8‐cineole and its stereoisomer 1,4‐cineole on excitatory transmission were examined by applying the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique to substantia gelatinosa neurons in adult rat spinal cord slices. Miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency was increased by 1,8‐ and 1,4‐cineole. The cineole activities were repeated and resistant to voltage‐gated Na+‐channel blocker tetrodotoxin. The 1,8‐cineole activity was inhibited by TRP ankyrin‐1 (TRPA1) antagonists (HC‐030031 and mecamylamine) but not TRP vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1) antagonists (capsazepine and SB‐366791), whereas the 1,4‐cineole activity was depressed by the TRPV1 but not TRPA1 antagonists. Although 1,8‐ and 1,4‐cineole reportedly activate TRP melastatin‐8 (TRPM8) channels, their activities were unaffected by TRPM8 antagonist 4‐(3‐chloro‐2‐pyridinyl)‐N‐[4‐(1,1‐dimethylethyl)phenyl]‐1‐piperazinecarboxamide. Monosynaptically evoked C‐fiber, but not Aδ‐fiber excitatory postsynaptic current amplitude, was reduced by 1,8‐ and 1,4‐cineole. These results indicate that 1,8‐ and 1,4‐cineole increase spontaneous l‐glutamate release from nerve terminals by activating TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels, respectively, while inhibiting C‐fiber but not Aδ‐fiber evoked l‐glutamate release. This difference between 1,8‐ and 1,4‐cineole may serve to know the properties of TRP channels located in the central terminals of primary‐afferent neurons.
imageThe spinal dorsal horn lamina II (substantia gelatinosa; SG) plays a pivotal role in regulating nociceptive transmission from the periphery. We found out in the SG that 1,4‐ and 1,8‐cineole activate TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels, respectively, located in primary‐afferent, possibly C‐fiber, central terminals. This difference may serve to know the properties of TRP channels expressed in the central terminals.
Perineural expression of high‐mobility group box‐1 contributes to long‐lasting mechanical hypersensitivity via matrix metalloprotease‐9 up‐regulation in mice with painful peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Zhang Fang Fang , Morioka Norimitsu , Harano Sakura , Nakamura Yoki , Liu Keyue , Nishibori Masahiro , Hisaoka‐Nakashima Kazue , Nakata Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHigh‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) has been shown to be critical in the modulation of nociceptive transduction following a peripheral neuropathy. However, the precise role of peripherally expressed HMGB1 in neuropathic pain has yet to be fully elaborated. Following a partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) in mice, a persistent ipsilateral up‐regulation of HMGB1 was observed from 3 to 21 days after PSNL, in paralleled with a robust ipsilateral hind paw mechanical hypersensitivity. Increased HMGB1 was detected in both infiltrating macrophages and proliferating Schwann cells in the ipsilateral nerve 14 days following PSNL. Repeated perineural treatment with anti‐HMGB1 antibody significantly ameliorated PSNL‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Several pronociceptive molecules, including matrix metalloprotease‐9 (MMP‐9), tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and cyclooxygenase‐2, were up‐regulated in injured sciatic nerve 14 days following PSNL. Repeated perineural treatment with an anti‐HMGB1 antibody significantly suppressed expression of MMP‐9, but not other pronociceptive molecules. Perineural treatment with a selective MMP‐9 inhibitor ameliorated PSNL‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity. The current findings demonstrate that the maintenance of the neuropathic state following an injured nerve is dependent on the up‐regulation of HMGB1 and MMP‐9. Thus, blocking HMGB1 function in sciatic nerve could be a potent therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain.image
Increased peripheral high‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) is involved in the modulation of nociceptive transduction following a peripheral neuropathy. Following nerve injury in mice, increased HMGB1 is detected in both infiltrating macrophages and proliferating Schwann cells in the ipsilateral nerve. Repeated perineural treatment with anti‐HMGB1 antibody significantly ameliorates nerve injury‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity, and suppresses expression of matrix metalloprotease‐9 (MMP‐9). The findings demonstrate that the maintenance of the neuropathic state following an injury nerve is dependent on the up‐regulation of HMGB1 and MMP‐9.
Factors of Resilience in Emergency Department Nurses Who Have Experienced Workplace Violence in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Hsiu‐Fen , Hung Yu‐Tung , Wang Hsiu‐Hung , Ma Shu‐Ching , Chang Shu‐Chen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study investigated the relationship among personality traits, social network integration (SNI), and resilience in emergency department (ED) nurses who had suffered from physical or verbal violence by patients or their families.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional study with convenience sampling was conducted for exploring the related factors of resilience on abused nurses. A total of 187 participants met our inclusion criteria and completed all questionnaires.FindingsHigher degrees of extraversion and peer support were associated with greater resilience among all abused nurses, whereas neuroticism was inversely associated with their resilience.ConclusionsAmong all forms of SNI, only peer support was shown to enhance an individual's resilience. In addition, personality traits were associated with resilience, and religions did not play an important role in enhancing resilience among our participants.Clinical RelevanceThrough a clearer understanding of the role of peer support in resilience among ED nurses, healthcare managers should provide and enhance their peer support to intensify their resilience for prevention of consequences of workplace violence.
Social Support and Women Living With Breast Cancer in the South of Thailand
Authors: Suwankhong Dusanee , Liamputtong Pranee 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeTo discuss social support among women with breast cancer in rural communities in southern Thailand.DesignQualitative research that allowed researchers to understand the lived experiences of women living with breast cancer and social support.MethodsIn‐depth interviewing and drawing methods were adopted with 20 women with breast cancer. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data.FindingsMost women with breast cancer received three types of social support: emotional support, tangible support, and informational support. Most support came from family members and relatives. Religion was also a form of social support for women. Many women, however, received insufficient social support from healthcare providers. This reduced their capacity to manage their illness, thus impacting their well‐being.ConclusionsVarious forms of support are essential for women with breast cancer so that they can better cope with their condition.Clinical RelevanceNurses and other health professionals are an important source of social support for women with breast cancer. Through having an understanding of and being sensitive to these women's experiences, culture, and challenges, nurses and healthcare professionals can provide more individualized support and care to women during a vulnerable period of their life. We contend that the cultural perspectives of patients are crucial in nursing science. Nurses need to appreciate the importance of culture for the support of patients with breast cancer.