bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of MicroRNA-124 as a Major Regulator of Enhanced Endothelial Cell Glycolysis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via PTBP1 (Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein) and Pyruvate Kinase M2
Authors: Caruso Paola , Dunmore Benjamin J. , Schlosser Kenny , Schoors Sandra , Dos Santos Claudia , Perez-Iratxeta Carol , Lavoie Jessie R. , Zhang Hui , Long Lu , Flockton Amanda R. , Frid Maria G. , Upton Paul D. , D’Alessandro Angelo , Hadinnapola Charaka , Kiskin Fedir N. , Taha Mohamad , Hurst Liam A. , Ormiston Mark L. , Hata Akiko , Stenmark Kurt R. , Carmeliet Peter , Stewart Duncan J. , Morrell Nicholas W. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by abnormal growth and enhanced glycolysis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells. However, the mechanisms underlying alterations in energy production have not been identified.

Methods:

Here, we examined the miRNA and proteomic profiles of blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) from patients with heritable PAH caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (
BMPR2
) gene and patients with idiopathic PAH to determine mechanisms underlying abnormal endothelial glycolysis. We hypothesized that in BOECs from patients with PAH, the downregulation of microRNA-124 (miR-124), determined with a tiered systems biology approach, is responsible for increased expression of the splicing factor
PTBP1
(polypyrimidine tract binding protein), resulting in alternative splicing of pyruvate kinase muscle isoforms 1 and 2 (PKM1 and 2) and consequently increased PKM2 expression. We questioned whether this alternative regulation plays a critical role in the hyperglycolytic phenotype of PAH endothelial cells.

Results:

Heritable PAH and idiopathic PAH BOECs recapitulated the metabolic abnormalities observed in pulmonary artery endothelial cells from patients with idiopathic PAH, confirming a switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. Overexpression of miR-124 or siRNA silencing of
PTPB1
restored normal proliferation and glycolysis in heritable PAH BOECs, corrected the dysregulation of glycolytic genes and lactate production, and partially restored mitochondrial respiration.
BMPR2
knockdown in control BOECs reduced the expression of miR-124, increased
PTPB1
, and enhanced glycolysis. Moreover, we observed reduced miR-124, increased
PTPB1
and
PKM2
expression, and significant dysregulation of glycolytic genes in the rat SUGEN-hypoxia model of severe PAH, characterized by reduced
BMPR2
expression and endothelial hyperproliferation, supporting the relevance of this mechanism in vivo.

Conclusions:
Pulmonary vascular and circulating progenitor endothelial cells isolated from patients with PAH demonstrate downregulation of miR-124, leading to the metabolic and proliferative abnormalities in PAH ECs via PTPB1 and PKM1/PKM2. Therefore, the manipulation of this miRNA or its targets could represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of PAH.
Forecasting Tropical Cyclone Eye Formation and Dissipation in Infrared Imagery
Authors: Knaff John A. , DeMaria Robert T. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The development of an infrared (IR; specifically near 11 μm) eye probability forecast scheme for tropical cyclones is described. The scheme was developed from an eye detection algorithm that used a linear discriminant analysis technique to determine the probability of an eye existing in any given IR image given information about the storm center, motion, and latitude. Logistic regression is used for the model development and predictors were selected from routine information about the current storm (e.g., current intensity), forecast environmental factors (e.g., wind shear, oceanic heat content), and patterns/information (e.g., convective organization, tropical cyclone size) extracted from the current IR image. Forecasts were created for 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, and 36-h forecast leads. Forecasts were developed using eye existence probabilities from North Atlantic tropical cyclone cases (1996–2014) and a combined North Atlantic and North Pacific (i.e., Northern Hemisphere) sample. The performance of North Atlantic–based forecasts, tested using independent eastern Pacific tropical cyclone cases (1996–2014), shows that the forecasts are skillful versus persistence at 12–36 h, and skillful versus climatology at 6–36 h. Examining the reliability and calibration of those forecasts shows that calibration and reliability of the forecasts is good for 6–18 h, but forecasts become a little overconfident at longer lead times. The forecasts also appear unbiased. The small differences between the Atlantic and Northern Hemisphere formulations are discussed. Finally, and remarkably, there are indications that smaller TCs are more prone to form eye features in all of the TC areas examined.
Physiological Parameter Response to Variation of Mental Workload
Authors: Marinescu Adrian Cornelius , Sharples Sarah , Ritchie Alastair Campbell , Sánchez López Tomas , McDowell Michael , Morvan Hervé P. 
Published: October 2017

Objective: To examine the relationship between experienced mental workload and physiological response by noninvasive monitoring of physiological parameters. Background: Previous studies have examined how individual physiological measures respond to changes in mental demand and subjective reports of workload. This study explores the response of multiple physiological parameters and quantifies their added value when estimating the level of demand. Method: The study presented was conducted in laboratory conditions and required participants to perform a visual-motor task that imposed varying levels of demand. The data collected consisted of physiological measurements (heart interbeat intervals, breathing rate, pupil diameter, facial thermography), subjective ratings of workload (Instantaneous Self-Assessment Workload Scale [ISA] and NASA-Task Load Index), and the performance. Results: Facial thermography and pupil diameter were demonstrated to be good candidates for noninvasive workload measurements: For seven out of 10 participants, pupil diameter showed a strong correlation ( R values between .61 and .79 at a significance value of .01) with mean ISA normalized values. Facial thermography measures added on average 47.7% to the amount of variability in task performance explained by a regression model. As with the ISA ratings, the relationship between the physiological measures and performance showed strong interparticipant differences, with some individuals demonstrating a much stronger relationship between workload and performance measures than others. Conclusion: The results presented in this paper demonstrate that physiological and pupil diameter can be used for noninvasive real-time measurement of workload. Application: The methods presented in this article, with current technological capabilities, are better suited for workplaces where the person is seated, offering the possibility of being applied to pilots and air traffic controllers.
‘We, the South African Bolsheviks’: The Russian Revolution and South Africa
Authors: Filatova Irina , Davidson Apollon 
Published: October 2017

In South Africa, the Russian Revolution was admired by socialists and nationalists alike. The National Party soon stopped praising the Bolsheviks, but the effect of the Revolution on the nascent Communist Party was important and lasting. South African communists closely watched developments in Soviet Russia and established relations with the Communist International (Comintern) even before the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA) was born. The Party’s ideology and policy were shaped by the Comintern’s ideas and instructions. In the 1920s and 1930s the struggle around the Comintern-imposed slogan of the independent native republic and the Comintern’s campaigns for ‘bolshevization’ nearly brought the party to its demise. But it survived, and its leadership took the Comintern’s ideals and ideas into the postwar era. The Comintern’s theoretical legacy, particularly its idea of a two-stage (national and socialist) revolution proved long-lasting. This idea became entrenched in the programs of the African National Congress, the party of national liberation and since 1994, the party of government. Even today a significant proportion of South Africa’s black population cherishes the vision of a radical revolution and demands its implementation.
Association between Sex, CD4 Cell Counts, Antiretroviral Medications, and Olfactory and Gustatory Functions of HIV‐Infected Adults
Authors: Fasunla Ayotunde James , Nwankwo Ukamaka , Adebayo Ayodeji Matthew , Nwaorgu Onyekwere George 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the olfactory and gustatory functions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults in Ibadan, Nigeria.Study DesignA cross‐sectional study of olfactory and gustatory functions of HIV‐infected adults between March 2015 and December 2015.SettingTertiary health institution.Subjects and MethodsA structured questionnaire was administered to participants to obtain relevant sociodemographic and clinical information. Participants’ nadir and most recent CD4 cell count and viral loads were obtained from their medical records. Participants’ body mass indices were determined, and each subjectively rated their olfactory and gustatory performances. Objective olfactory and gustatory functions were determined using validated “Sniffin’ Sticks” and “Taste Strips” impregnated with 4 different concentrations of sucrose, quinine hydrochloride, sodium chloride, and citric acid.ResultsIn total, 135 HIV‐infected adults, comprising 41 (30.4%) men and 94 (69.6%) women, were evaluated. Their ages ranged from 20 to 70 years, mean 43.4 ± 10.4 years. Participants were on highly active antiretroviral therapy for a mean duration of 75.8 ± 36.9 months. The proportions of male participants in HIV stages 1, 2, and 3 were 18 (43.9%), 19 (46.3%), and 4 (9.8%), respectively, while female participants were 46 (48.9%), 41 (43.6%), and 7 (7.4%), respectively. Participants’ mean olfactory threshold, discrimination, identification, and TDI scores were 8.0 ± 4.9, 9.9 ± 4.7, 8.8 ± 4.5, and 26.7 ± 11.1, respectively, while total taste score was 25.1 ± 5.7.ConclusionHIV‐infected adults have tendency to develop hyposmia and hypogeusia. These are worse with advanced stage of HIV infection.
Changes in Youth Baseball Pitching Biomechanics: A 7-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Fleisig Glenn S. , Diffendaffer Alek Z. , Ivey Brett , Aune Kyle T. , Laughlin Tony , Fortenbaugh Dave , Bolt Becky , Lucas Wendy , Moore Kevin D. , Dugas Jeffrey R. 
Published: October 2017

Background: Pitching biomechanics are associated with performance and risk of injury in baseball. Previous studies have identified biomechanical differences between youth and adult pitchers but have not investigated changes within individual young pitchers as they mature. Hypothesis: Pitching kinematics and kinetics will change significantly during a youth pitcher’s career. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Pitching biomechanics were captured in an indoor laboratory with a 12-camera, 240-Hz motion analysis system for 51 youth pitchers who were in their first season of organized baseball with pitching. Each participant was retested annually for the next 6 years or until he was no longer pitching. Thirty kinematic and kinetic parameters were computed and averaged for 10 fastballs thrown by each player. Data were statistically analyzed for the 35 participants who were tested at least 3 times. Within-participant changes for each kinematic and kinetic parameter were tested by use of a mixed linear model with random effects ( P < .05). Least squares means for sequential ages were compared via Tukey’s honestly significant difference test ( P < .05). Results: Three kinematic parameters that occur at the instant of foot contact—stride length, lead foot placement to the closed side, and trunk separation—increased with age. With age, shoulder external rotation at foot contact decreased while maximum shoulder external rotation increased. Shoulder and elbow forces and torques increased significantly with age. Year-to-year changes were most significant between 9 and 13 years of age for kinematics and between 13 and 15 years for normalized kinetics (ie, scaled by bodyweight and height). Conclusion: During their first few years, youth pitchers improve their kinematics. Elbow and shoulder kinetics increase with time, particularly after age 13. Thus, prepubescent pitchers may work with their coaches to improve the motions and flexibility of the players’ bodies and the paths of their arms. Once proper mechanics are developed, adolescent pitchers can focus more on improving strength and power.
Salt in the soul, steel in the eye and caution towards the winds: a mariner’s guide for navigating a new academic psychiatry department
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Bonner Daniel , Maguire Paul , Parige Raj , Tedeschi Michael , Cubis Jeffrey C , Cartledge Bjorn , Keightley Philip , Reay Rebecca E , Craigie Peggy 
Published: October 2017

Objectives: This paper describes principles and advice regarding the development of a new academic psychiatry department within a medical school for aspiring academic psychiatrists. We describe general principles based on the experience of the foundation of the Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine at the Australian National University Medical School. Conclusions: Perspicacious leadership and organisation are the foundation for an academic psychiatry department which delivers teaching, research and broader intellectual engagement with the medical and broader community.
Situating Earth Democracy: Vandana Shiva on Agroecology, Contemporary Politics and Resilience
Authors: Hrynkow Christopher 
Published: October 2017

This article focuses on three works authored by Vandana Shiva and recently published by Zed Books. It employs these books as dialogical aids to map her thought in its political and ethical dimensions as they relate to peace, sustainability, and social justice. More specifically, after a brief introduction and a biographical discussion, this article situates her vision of Earth Democracy as a means to tie together Shiva’s inter-related reflections in the areas of agroecology, contemporary politics, and resilience. Comment is then offered concerning the tension and promises of Shiva’s treatment of these issues. The reader of this article is left with several points of entry to understand Shiva’s contributions to discourses on sustainable agriculture, nonviolent political change, and resilient sustainability. Shiva V (2016a) Earth Democracy: Justice, Sustainability and Peace. London: Zed Books. Shiva V (2016b) Soil, Not Oil: Climate Change, Peak Oil. London: Zed Books. Shiva V (2016c) Who Really Feeds the World? London: Zed Books.
Brain natriuretic peptide-expressing sensory neurons are not involved in acute, inflammatory, or neuropathic pain
Authors: Pitake Saumitra , DeBrecht Jennifer , Mishra Santosh K 
Published: October 2017

Background We recently demonstrated that brain natriuretic peptide is expressed in the dorsal root ganglia, and that brain natriuretic peptide is required for normal detection of pruritogens. We further showed that the receptor for brain natriuretic peptide, natriuretic peptide receptor A, is present in the spinal cord, and elimination of these neurons profoundly attenuates scratching to itch-inducing compounds. However, the potential modulatory roles of brain natriuretic peptide in nociception, inflammation, and neuropathic mechanisms underlying the sensation of pain have not been investigated in detail. Findings To demonstrate the involvement of brain natriuretic peptide in pain, we compared the behavioral responses of brain natriuretic peptide knockout mice with their wild-type littermates. First, we showed that brain natriuretic peptide is not required in chemically induced pain responses evoked by the administration of capsaicin, allyl isothiocyanate, adenosine 5′-triphosphate, or inflammatory soup. We further measured pain behaviors and found no involvement of brain natriuretic peptide in hot, cold, or mechanical nociceptive responses in mice, nor did we find evidence for the involvement of brain natriuretic peptide in neuroinflammatory sensitization elicited by complete Freund’s adjuvant or in neuropathic pain. Conclusions These results demonstrate that brain natriuretic peptide is not essential for pain-related behaviors.
Injuries in Cricket
Authors: Pardiwala Dinshaw N. , Rao Nandan N. , Varshney Ankit V. 
Published: October 2017

Context: Cricket is a popular global sport that requires a combination of physical fitness, skill, and strategy. Although a noncontact sport, overuse and impact injuries are common since players engage in a wide range of physical activities, including running, throwing, batting, bowling, catching, and diving. Significant or match time-loss injuries are defined as those that either prevent a player from being fully available for selection in a major match, or during a major match, cause a player to be unable to bat, bowl, or keep wicket when required by either the rules or the team’s captain. This review describes the various region-wise injuries sustained in cricket along with their epidemiology, biomechanics, treatment, and prevention. Evidence Acquisition: Data were collected from peer-reviewed articles (obtained via PubMed search) published through November 2016 that involved the medical, biomechanical, and epidemiological aspects of cricket injuries. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Cricket was one of the first sports to publish recommended methods for injury surveillance in 2005 from England, South Africa, Australia, the West Indies, and India. While the incidence of injuries is about the same, the prevalence of injuries has increased due to game format changes, increasing number of matches played, and decreased rest between matches. Bowling (41.3%), fielding, and wicket keeping (28.6%) account for most injuries. Acute injuries are most common (64%-76%), followed by acute-on-chronic (16%-22.8%) and chronic ones (8%-22%). The most common modern-day cricket injury is hamstring strain, and the most severe is lumbar stress fracture in young fast bowlers. Conclusion: With improved understanding of the scientific and medical aspects of cricket, along with advances in surgical and nonsurgical treatment techniques, the time to return to play has shortened considerably. While the prevalence of cricket injuries has increased, their severity has decreased over the past decades.
Prolonged hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation after acute coronary syndrome in the GENESIS-PRAXY cohort
Authors: Tang Andrew R , Rabi Doreen M , Lavoie Kim L , Bacon Simon L , Pilote Louise , Kline Gregory A 
Published: October 2017

Background Glucocorticoid excess has been linked with cardiovascular disease. Little is known about the long-term cortisol response in patients after acute coronary syndrome. Design The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of salivary cortisol in the post-acute phase of acute coronary syndrome and to describe the association of late-night salivary cortisol with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods We used late-night salivary cortisol measurements post-discharge to estimate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in 309 patients aged 18–55 years enrolled in the GENESIS-PRAXY study from January 2009–April 2013. We evaluated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and its association with hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, family history, prior acute coronary syndrome, psychiatric diseases, acute coronary syndrome severity, as well as mortality and rate of rehospitalization at 12 months. Results Persistently elevated late-night salivary cortisol>2.92 nmol/l was seen in 99 (32.0%) patients: within the range of what may be seen in Cushing’s disease. Elevated late-night salivary cortisol was associated with previous acute coronary syndrome (13.3% vs 24.2%, p = 0.02), peripheral vascular disease (3.8% vs 13.1%, p = 0.002), and smoking (32.9% vs 46.5% p = 0.02). Elevated late-night salivary cortisol was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c values (5.6 ± 3.0 vs 6.1 ± 2.9, p = 0.008) and lower high density lipoprotein values (0.94 ± 0.53 vs 0.86 ± 0.50, p = 0.01). There were no differences in psychiatric symptom scores, acute coronary syndrome severity or mortality, and rate of rehospitalization at 12 months. Conclusions Many patients post-acute coronary syndrome have prolonged, marked activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Late-night salivary cortisol co-associates with several cardiovascular risk factors. Further studies are needed to confirm the exact role of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease.
Surgical Treatment of Segond Fractures in Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Ferretti Andrea , Monaco Edoardo , Wolf Megan Rianne , Guzzini Matteo , Carli Angelo De , Mazza Daniele 
Published: October 2017

Background: The Segond fracture is an avulsion-type fracture located on the anterolateral aspect of the tibia associated with a ligament recently termed the anterolateral ligament. This injury has been described as pathognomonic for an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and is associated with a higher grade pivot shift. Purpose: To present and report 2-year clinical outcomes of a surgical technique for acute ACL reconstruction with fixation of a concomitant Segond fracture. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of patients who underwent acute reconstruction for a complete ACL tear with concomitant Segond fracture fixation between January 2010 and December 2014; surgery was performed by a single surgeon. Patients underwent direct Segond fracture repair by either suture alone, suture anchor, or cannulated screw fixation based on the size of the lesion, followed by a 2-incision hamstring autograft intra-articular reconstruction. Pre- and postoperative KT-1000 arthrometer assessment, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test were performed, and patients were administered validated subjective outcome surveys. Results: Twelve patients met inclusion criteria for this review. The measured pre- and postoperative objective and subjective scores were significantly improved in all patients. Side-to-side anterior laxity was significantly improved in all patients based on Lachman and KT-1000 arthrometer testing. A significant pivot shift demonstrated preoperatively (3+, n = 11 [92%]; 2+, n = 1 [8%]) was corrected after fixation, except in 1 patient (8%), who maintained a 1+ pivot shift. Lysholm, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee subjective and objective scores were significantly improved. At a minimum 2-year follow-up, no patients reported rerupture, and only 1 patient (8%) underwent a subsequent procedure (a meniscectomy). No major or minor complications were reported, and all patients returned to their previous activity levels at a mean of 6 months postoperatively. Conclusion: Direct repair of the Segond fracture and plication of the anterolateral capsule in patients with an ACL rupture and a high-grade pivot shift demonstrate good clinical outcomes, restoration of rotational stability, and maintenance of knee range of motion at 2 years postoperatively, with no major complications.
A critical epithelial survival axis regulated by MCL-1 maintains thymic function in mice
Authors: Jain Reema , Sheridan Julie M. , Policheni Antonia , Heinlein Melanie , Gandolfo Luke C. , Dewson Grant , Smyth Gordon K. , Sansom Stephen N. , Fu Nai Yang , Visvader Jane E. , Holländer Georg A. , Strasser Andreas , Gray Daniel H. D. 
Published: October 2017

Key PointsMCL-1 is essential, but BCL-2 and BCL-XL are dispensable, for TEC survival and thymic function. Epidermal growth factor upregulates MCL-1 in TECs.