bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cartographic Modeling
Authors: Tomlin C. Dana 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Cartographic modeling refers to the use of a coordinated set of tools and techniques for the analysis and synthesis of geospatial data by way of a geographic information system (GIS). It is a generalized methodology in which data, data processing capabilities, and data processing control notation are decomposed into components and subcomponents that can be recomposed with ease and flexibility. The result is a computational pseudolanguage or “map algebra,” in which each of a small set of operations accepts input and generates output in the form of cartographic variables. By using the output of one as input to another, these elementary operations can be combined into procedures that are largely unconstrained by either content or complexity.
Alliances and Franchises
Authors: Vatne Eirik 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Alliances are general and franchises specific institutional forms of partnership among organizations. This entry discusses why independent firms engage in relationships and why cooperative arrangements are organized in different institutional forms. Special attention is given to networks of firms in industrial clusters, strategic alliances, and franchise arrangements. Transaction cost theory, the resource‐based view, and the embedded and network‐based view of the firm are important bases for explanations. Circumstances in which spatial characteristics are particularly relevant for alliance formation are highlighted.
Bodies and Embodiment
Authors: Silvey Rachel 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The body is now a keyword in human geography. There are numerous approaches to “the body” that human geography counts as central. Feminist, critical race, and queer theoretical contributions to thinking about bodies, plural, and the differences between diverse bodies have been especially important. Poststructural approaches to the body and biopolitics have also had crucial influences on the discipline. Some of the earliest treatments of bodies and space were phenomenological approaches revolving around the sensing body, while later Marxist analyses tracked the laboring body. Most recently, geography has engaged with renewed humanist and new materialist dialogues about embodiment. The discipline draws on all of these traditions, often in combination. Each of these lineages of thought offers distinct conceptual tools for thinking through, with, and about bodies and embodiment.
Universelles Superauflösungs‐Multiplexing durch DNA‐Austausch
Authors: Schueder Florian , Strauss Maximilian T. , Hoerl David , Schnitzbauer Joerg , Schlichthaerle Thomas , Strauss Sebastian , Yin Peng , Harz Hartmann , Leonhardt Heinrich , Jungmann Ralf 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSuperauflösende Mikroskopie ermöglicht optische Bildgebung unterhalb der klassischen Beugungsgrenze von Licht mit bis zu 20‐fach verbesserter räumlicher Auflösung. Jedoch ist derzeit das Beobachten mehrerer unterschiedlicher Zielmoleküle (“Multiplexing”) schwierig und zeitintensiv in der Durchführung. Hier stellen wir einen einfachen Ansatz für sequenzielles Multiplexing vor, der auf einem schnellen Austausch von DNA‐Sonden basiert. Dies ermöglicht eine effiziente Detektion vieler Zielmoleküle mit Superauflösungsmethoden wie (d)STORM, STED und SIM. Wir evaluieren unseren Ansatz mit DNA‐Origami‐Nanostrukturen, um Markierung, Bildgebung und die Wascheffizienz quantitativ zu testen. Darüber hinaus demonstrieren wir die Anwendbarkeit unserer Methode zur Bildgebung mehrerer Proteine in fixierten Zellen.
Phosphate ester side‐chain‐modified conjugated polymer for hybrid solar cells
Authors: Zhang Zhongqiang , Jin Zhengneng , Fu Weifei , Shi Minmin , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTAlthough nanocrystals have several advantages of tunable bandgap and high carrier mobility, it is still challenging to achieve high‐performance polymer: nanocrystals hybrid solar cells (HSC) due to the complicated surface problem. Many efforts have been devoted to replace the long alkyl chain on the surface of nanocrystals to improve the charge transfer and transport. Herein, we modified the alkyl chain in poly[2,6–(4,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)−4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b′]‐dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7–(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) by phosphate ester. Due to its strong affinity to CdSe nanocrystals, the resulting polymers can spontaneously exchange the long chain ligands in one‐step process. With the improved morphology of polymer: CdSe blended film, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.12% was achieved for hybrid solar cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45003.
Both a frameshift and a missense mutation of the STRA6 gene observed in an infant with the Matthew‐Wood syndrome
Authors: Sadowski Samantha , Chassaing Nicolas , Gaj Zuzanna , Czichos Ewa , Wilczynski Jan , Nowakowska Dorota 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe Matthew‐Wood syndrome is associated with mutations of the STRA6 gene. It combines a pulmonary agenesis/hypoplasia; microphthalmia/anophthalmia; congenital cardiac, digestive, and urogenital malformations; and diaphragmatic defects.CaseA 23‐year‐old nulliparous woman was referred to our center after a fetal ultrasound examination at 26 weeks of pregnancy revealed an abnormal head shape, a heart malformation, multiple cysts in both kidneys, and dilated ureters. A male baby (46, XY; 3600g; Apgar score 1) was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation and died 1 hr later due to respiratory failure. The diagnosis of Matthew‐Wood syndrome was suspected given the association of bilateral anophthalmia, agenesis of the left lung, and heart and kidney defects. It was confirmed by the identification of two deleterious mutations of the STRA6 gene.RESULTSThe child was a compound heterozygote for two previously reported mutations, a paternally inherited missense mutation (c.878C>T [p.Pro293Leu] and a maternally inherited frameshift mutation (c.50_52delACTinsCC [p. Asp17Alafs*55]), producing a premature stop codon.CONCLUSIONThe diagnosis of Matthew‐Wood syndrome should be considered in all fetuses with microphthalmia/anophthalmia. It requires an extensive ultrasound/MRI examination of the lung, heart, and diaphragm. Birth Defects Research 109:251–253, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wissen produzieren, lokalisieren und imaginieren. Von „falschen Karten“ und „wissenschaftlichen Expeditionen“ in der Auseinandersetzung um Guyana (1880er bis 1900er Jahre)
Authors: Dorsch Sebastian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractProducing, Localising, and Imagining Knowledge. On “false maps” and “scientific expeditions” in the Brazilian‐French Debates about Guyana (1880s–1900s). This paper analyses the interferences between knowledge production, space and colonial claims from translocal, actor‐based perspectives. Due to its ‘thickness’ the examined material, found particularly at the Perthes collection (Gotha/Germany), allows multifaceted views on a topic which influences our scientific knowledge‐based world views. In his writings the Swiss naturalist Emil Göldi underlined his point of view that was both ‘Brazilianized’ and scientific. Especially his letters and articles between the 1880s and the 1900s are testimony to his positioning in situ (‘an Ort und Stelle’) against the cartographic ‘alienated’‐colonial perspectives of French scientists, especially those of his counterpart Henri Coudreau. Sometimes it reads more like an adventure story than a scholarly debate. By working with and using the internationally renowned periodical Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen (Perthes), Göldi managed to design an image of the spatial situation that convinced the deciding people and thus to obtain for Brazil a huge territory in the Eastern part of the Guyanas.
Vom richtigen Reisen und Beobachten: Ratgeberliteratur für Forschungsreisende nach Übersee im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Pesek Michael 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHow to Travel and Observe: Manuals for Scientific Travelers beyond in the 19thCentury. The article deals with manuals for travelers who went to Africa and Asia for the sake of geographic exploration. These are widely neglected sources for the history of European exploration and the emergence of geography as an academic discipline. The article argues that these manuals are essential for an understanding of the travelers’ socialization as members of the scientific project of geography and their contributions to geographical knowledge production.
Disrupting dorsolateral prefrontal cortex by rTMS reduces the P300 based marker of deception
Authors: Karton Inga , Bachmann Talis 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveQuite many studies have revealed certain brain‐process signatures indicative of subject's deceptive behavior. These signatures are neural correlates of deception. However, much less is known about whether these signatures can be modified by noninvasive brain stimulation techniques representing methods of causal intervention of brain processes and the corresponding behavior. Our purpose was to explore whether such methods have an effect on these signatures.MethodsIt is well known that electroencephalographic event‐related potential component, P300, is sensitive to perception of critical items in a concealed information test, one of the central methods in deception studies. We examined whether the relative level of expression of P300 as a neural marker of deception can be manipulated by means of noninvasive neuromodulation. We used EEG/ERP recording combined with (i) neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and (ii) concealed information detection test. An opportunistically recruited volunteer group of normal adults formed our experimental group.ResultsWe show that offline rTMS to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex attenuated relative P300 amplitude in response to the critical items compared to the neutral items.ConclusionNoninvasive prefrontal cortex excitability disruption by rTMS can be used to manipulate the sensitivity of ERP signatures of deception to critical items in a concealment‐based variant of lie detection test.
Predictive value of the combination of SMAD4 expression and lymphocyte infiltration in malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia
Authors: Sakata Junki , Yoshida Ryoji , Matsuoka Yuichiro , Nagata Masashi , Hirosue Akiyuki , Kawahara Kenta , Nakamura Takuya , Nakamoto Masafumi , Hirayama Masatoshi , Takahashi Nozomu , Nakashima Hikaru , Arita Hidetaka , Ogi Hidenao , Hiraki Akimitsu , Shinohara Masanori , Nakayama Hideki 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOral leukoplakia (OL) is a common, potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity. SMAD4 was initially identified as a tumor suppressor and central mediator of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signaling. In this study, we aimed to determine the expression patterns of SMAD4 in OL, its relationship with the degree of inflammation, and its clinical implications as a biomarker for OL malignant transformation. A total of 150 patients with OL were enrolled in this study. Paraffin‐embedded sections obtained from biopsy or resection specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. Associations among the status of epithelial SMAD4 expression, stromal lymphocyte infiltration, and malignant transformation of OL were examined. Malignant transformation was significantly associated with the status of SMAD4 expression (P = 0.0017) and lymphocyte infiltration status (P = 0.0054). Cox regression analysis, based on the event‐free survival (EFS), revealed that a low SMAD4 expression was a significant prognostic factor in OL patients (hazard ratio, 2.632; P = 0.043). In addition, a low SMAD4 expression was closely correlated with high lymphocyte infiltration (P = 0.00035), resulting in a significant correlation between the combination of low SMAD4 expression and high lymphocyte infiltration with malignant transformation of OL (P = 0.00027). The combination of the status of epithelial SMAD4 expression and stromal lymphocyte infiltration may be a useful biomarker for predicting malignant transformation in OL patients. These results suggest that not only epithelial SMAD4 loss, but also stromal features, may regulate the risk of malignant transformation of OL.
Deterioration of Aqueous n‐Octanoate Electrolysis with Electrolytic Conductivity Collapse Caused by the Formation of n‐Octanoic Acid/n‐Octanoate Agglomerates
Authors: Urban Carolin , Harnisch Falk 
Published: March 2017

AbstractElectroorganic synthesis performed in water (as a green solvent) bears potential for the selective production of chemicals from renewable power. Yet, the limited solubility of organic molecules hampers their aqueous electrolysis. For the proposed platform chemical n‐octanoic acid/n‐octanoate, both summarized as C8, it is shown that the aqueous electrolysis of C8 can be performed successfully, provided that certain requirements are fulfilled. It is evidenced that the often‐overlooked local pH shift in the proximity of the electrode can lead to the formation of large C8 agglomerates (e. g. vesicles, bilayers), which deteriorate the electrolysis by minimizing the electrolytic conductivity. It is stressed that pH‐buffering electrolytes have to be preferred to pH‐neutral supporting electrolytes for C8 electrolysis to achieve improved space−time yields. Cyclic voltammetry, particle‐size analysis through dynamic light scattering, and light microscopy characterize the nature of these agglomerates.
Potentiodynamic Chromium Deposition from Trivalent and Hexavalent Systems on Glassy Carbon Electrodes: Initial Stages and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Sheasha Yasser , Yücel Duygu , Kibler Ludwig A. , Knape Miriam , Holl Sebastian , Henne Stefan , Heitmüller Sebastian , Jacob Timo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDeveloping a functional Cr(III) electrolyte to replace carcinogenic and toxic Cr(VI) electroplating requires a deeper understanding of the deposition mechanisms. Hence, this study investigates and compares the growth of chromium on inert glassy carbon (GC) electrodes from low‐concentration Cr(III) and Cr(VI) electrolytes, using a novel potentiodynamic deposition scheme. This allows the initial stages of deposition to be probed, which are crucial for determining the overall deposition mechanism. Scanning electron microscopy shows that, for both systems, micrometer‐sized hexagonal chromium hydride crystals could be deposited on GC, thus serving to be the first reporting of such structures. In addition, by increasing the deposition time, the changes in a particle structure for both systems were tracked; therefore, possible areas of similarity as well as key differences could be identified, which, when addressed may provide a more viable, environmentally friendly trivalent electrolyte for chromium electroplating.
Development of a Modular Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Extracellular Superoxide
Authors: Andina Diana , Brambilla Davide , Munzinger Noah , Frei Jasmine , Zivko Cristina , Leroux Jean‐Christophe , Luciani Paola 
Published: March 2017

AbstractExtracellular detection of endogeneous analytes (e.g., superoxide) can provide important insights into mechanisms of homeostasis and diseases, such as tumorigenesis. A ratiometric probe with a fluorescent reference and an analyte‐specific switch‐on dye was developed. Detection of ROS in the extracellular milieu was ensured by connecting the two fluorophores with a modular peptide‐nucleic‐acid‐based linker. The ROS‐sensing ability was assessed and validated in cell‐free assays and in cell culture.
Randomized controlled trial of neurofeedback on chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy: A pilot study
Authors: Prinsloo Sarah , Novy Diane , Driver Larry , Lyle Randall , Ramondetta Lois , Eng Cathy , McQuade Jennifer , Lopez Gabriel , Cohen Lorenzo 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDChemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a significant problem for cancer patients, and there are limited treatment options for this often debilitating condition. Neuromodulatory interventions could be a novel modality for patients trying to manage CIPN symptoms; however, they are not yet the standard of care. This study examined whether electroencephalogram (EEG) neurofeedback (NFB) could alleviate CIPN symptoms in survivors.METHODSThis was a randomized controlled trial with survivors assigned to an NFB group or a wait‐list control (WLC) group. The NFB group underwent 20 sessions of NFB, in which visual and auditory rewards were given for voluntary changes in EEGs. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) worst‐pain item was the primary outcome. The BPI, the Pain Quality Assessment Scale, and EEGs were collected before NFB and again after treatment. Outcomes were assessed with general linear modeling.RESULTSCancer survivors with CIPN (average duration of symptoms, 25.3 mo), who were mostly female and had a mean age of 62.5 years, were recruited between April 2011 and September 2014. One hundred percent of the participants starting the NFB program completed it (30 in the NFB group and 32 in the WLC group). The NFB group demonstrated greater improvement than the controls on the BPI worst‐pain item (mean change score, –2.43 [95% confidence interval, –3.58 to –1.28] vs 0.09 [95% confidence interval, –0.72 to –0.90]; P =·.001; effect size, 0.83).CONCLUSIONSNFB appears to be effective at reducing CIPN symptoms. There was evidence of neurological changes in the cortical location and in the bandwidth targeted by the intervention, and changes in EEG activity were predictive of symptom reduction. Cancer 2017;123:1989–1997. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Comparative ultrastructural features of excitatory synapses in the visual and frontal cortices of the adult mouse and monkey
Authors: Hsu Alexander , Luebke Jennifer I. , Medalla Maria 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe excitatory glutamatergic synapse is the principal site of communication between cortical pyramidal neurons and their targets, a key locus of action of many drugs, and highly vulnerable to dysfunction and loss in neurodegenerative disease. A detailed knowledge of the structure of these synapses in distinct cortical areas and across species is a prerequisite for understanding the anatomical underpinnings of cortical specialization and, potentially, selective vulnerability in neurological disorders. We used serial electron microscopy to assess the ultrastructural features of excitatory (asymmetric) synapses in the layers 2–3 (L2–3) neuropil of visual (V1) and frontal (FC) cortices of the adult mouse and compared findings to those in the rhesus monkey (V1 and lateral prefrontal cortex [LPFC]). Analyses of multiple ultrastructural variables revealed four organizational features. First, the density of asymmetric synapses does not differ between frontal and visual cortices in either species, but is significantly higher in mouse than in monkey. Second, the structural properties of asymmetric synapses in mouse V1 and FC are nearly identical, by stark contrast to the significant differences seen between monkey V1 and LPFC. Third, while the structural features of postsynaptic entities in mouse and monkey V1 do not differ, the size of presynaptic boutons are significantly larger in monkey V1. Fourth, both presynaptic and postsynaptic entities are significantly smaller in the mouse FC than in the monkey LPFC. The diversity of synaptic ultrastructural features demonstrated here have broad implications for the nature and efficacy of glutamatergic signaling in distinct cortical areas within and across species.
Discovering Protein‐Protein Interactions Using Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Arrays
Authors: Tang Yanyang , Qiu Ji , Machner Matthias , LaBaer Joshua 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe have developed a protocol enabling the study of protein‐protein interactions (PPIs) at the proteome level using in vitro–synthesized proteins. Assay preparation requires molecular cloning of the query gene into a vector that supports in vitro transcription/translation (IVTT) and appends a HaloTag to the query protein of interest. In parallel, protein microarrays are prepared by printing plasmids encoding glutathione S‐transferase (GST)‐tagged target proteins onto a carrier matrix/glass slide coated with antibody directed against GST. At the time of the experiment, the query protein and the target protein are produced separately through IVTT. The query protein is then applied to nucleic acid programmable protein arrays (NAPPA) that display thousands of freshly produced target proteins captured by anti‐GST antibody. Interactions between the query and immobilized target proteins are detected through addition of a fluorophore‐labeled HaloTag ligand. Our protocol allows the elucidation of PPIs in a high‐throughput fashion using proteins produced in vitro, obviating the scientific challenges, high cost, and laborious work, as well as concerns about protein stability, which are usually present in protocols using conventional protein arrays. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Unique High‐Throughput Assay to Identify Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of Chemotaxis and Migration
Authors: Liao Xin‐Hua , Kimmel Alan R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChemotaxis and cell migration play pivotal roles in normal physiological processes such as embryogenesis, inflammation, and wound healing, as well as in pathological processes including chronic inflammatory disease and cancer metastasis. Novel chemotaxis/migration inhibitors are desirable for developing effective therapeutics and probing molecular mechanisms. We describe a fluorescence‐based phenotypic assay in a 1536‐well plate format for high‐throughput screening of novel inhibitors of chemotaxis/migration within complex libraries of thousands of compounds. Although the assay utilizes the unique cellular response properties of Dictyostelium, the compounds identified are able to inhibit chemotaxis of mammalian cells. In addition, a parallel cell cytotoxicity counter‐screen with an ATP content assay is described that eliminates cytotoxic compounds from the screen. This novel compound screening approach enables rapid identification of novel lead compounds that inhibit chemotaxis in human and other cells for drug development and research tools. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Guided installation of basic linear algebra routines in a cluster with manycore components
Authors: Cuenca J. , García L. P. , Giménez D. , Herrera F. J. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryComputational systems are nowadays composed of basic computational components that share multiprocessors and coprocessors of different types, typically several graphics processing units (GPUs) or many integrated cores (MICs), and those computational components are combined in heterogeneous clusters of nodes with different characteristics, including coprocessors of different types, with varying numbers of nodes at different speeds. The software previously developed and optimized for simpler system needs to be redesigned and reoptimized for these new, more complex systems. The adaptation to hybrid multicore + multiGPU and multicore + multiMIC of autotuning techniques for basic linear algebra routines is analyzed. The matrix‐matrix multiplication kernel, which is optimized for different computational system components through guided experimentation, is studied. The routine is installed for each node in the cluster, and the information generated from individual installations may be used for a hierarchical installation in a cluster. The basic matrix‐matrix multiplication may, in turn, be used inside higher level routines, which delegate their efficient execution to the optimization of the lower level routine. Experimental results are satisfactory in different multicore + multiGPU and multicore + multiMIC systems. So the guided search of execution configurations for satisfactory execution times proves to be a useful tool for heterogeneous systems, where the complexity of the system means a correct use of highly efficient routines and libraries is difficult.