bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What does the evolution of curriculum in knowledge management programs tell us about the future of the field?
Authors: Cervone H. Frank 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The current study aims to analyze the curriculum of selected knowledge management (KM) programs at universities in the USA, Europe, Australia and Asia within current and historical contexts to understand the scope and nature of the requirements in KM programs. By comparing the results from programs, a baseline understanding of what the overall requirements within these programs has been developed. This may provide benefits for the profession, as this baseline can provide a clearer understanding of the skills and knowledge elements that are present or absent in the current academic programs. In addition to better informing the KM community of what graduates of these programs may know, this information can provide a basis for academic program improvement and, ultimately, better use of KM in professional practice.

Design/methodology/approach
The basic approach in this study is a comparative analysis of curriculum in master-level programs in English that are focused on KM. In the current study, historical references to programs in KM were identified through prior research in the topic area. Current programs were identified through standard reference sources. The course titles and program descriptions for current programs are further analyzed using text analytics tools to understand the relationship of topics within and between programs.

Findings
The concept of KM as a distinct program of study appears to be stable but the number of programs is declining. The number of new master degree programs in KM has not significantly increased in the past 15 years, whereas many programs have been discontinued or have been reduced to the certificate/diploma level. Of the programs that exist today, we see that a greater variety in home locations of these programs which tend to imply coverage of the field is becoming increasingly diverse in its approach. Overall, it appears that the KM programs are moving toward transformation or integration with allied fields.

Originality/value
There has been very limited study of the curriculum within KM programs. Most of the research performed dates from 2010 or earlier. The current study adds a unique contribution to the literature by looking at earlier iterations of KM programs and compares those to the current state of the curriculum in KM programs and their successor programs in an attempt to understand how the field may be developing and changing.
Characterization of the human DNA gut virome across populations with different subsistence strategies and geographical origin
Authors: Rampelli Simone , Turroni Silvia , Schnorr Stephanie L. , Soverini Matteo , Quercia Sara , Barone Monica , Castagnetti Andrea , Biagi Elena , Gallinella Giorgio , Brigidi Patrizia , Candela Marco 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIt is a matter of fact that the human gut microbiome also includes a non‐bacterial fraction represented by eukaryotic cells and viruses. To further explore the gut microbiome variation in human populations, here we characterized the human DNA viral community from publicly available gut metagenome data sets from human populations with different geographical origin and lifestyle. In particular, such data sets encompass microbiome information from two western urban societies (USA and Italy), as well as two traditional hunter‐gatherer communities (the Hadza from Tanzania and Matses from Peru) and one pre‐agricultural tribe (Tunapuco from Peru). Our results allowed for the first taxonomic reconstruction of the complex viral metacommunities within the human gut. The core virome structure included herpesviruses, papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses, adenoviruses and anelloviruses. Using Random Forests and a co‐occurrence analysis approach, we identified the viruses that distinguished populations according to their geographical origin and/or lifestyle. This paves the way for new research aimed at investigating the biological role of the gut virome in human physiology, and the importance of our viral counterpart in the microbiome‐host co‐evolutionary process.
The Spirit Is Willing, But the Flesh is Weak: Why Young People Drink More Than Intended on Weekend Nights—An Event‐Level Study
Authors: Labhart Florian , Anderson Kristen G. , Kuntsche Emmanuel 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundHeavy alcohol use is common among young adults on weekend nights and is assumed to be intentional. However, little is known about the extent to which heavy consumption is planned prior to the onset of drinking and what factors contribute to drinking more than intended. This study investigates drinking intentions at the beginning of an evening and individual and situational factors associated with a subsequent consumption over the course of multiple nights.MethodsUsing a smartphone application, 176 young people aged 16 to 25 (mean age = 19.1; 49% women) completed questionnaires on drinking intentions, consumption, and drinking environments before, during, and after multiple Friday and Saturday nights (n = 757). Multilevel regressions were used to investigate individual‐level and night‐level factors associated with previous drinking intentions and subsequent deviations from intentions.ResultsParticipants intended to consume 2.5 drinks (SD = 2.8) per night yet consumed 3.8 drinks (SD = 3.9) on average. Drinking intentions were higher among those who frequently went out at night and engaged in more frequent predrinking. Participants drank more than intended on 361 nights (47.7%). For both genders, the number of drinks consumed before 8 pm, attending multiple locations, and being with larger groups of friends contributed to higher consumption than intended at the individual and the night levels. Heavier consumption than intended also occurred when drinking away from home for men and when going to nightclubs for women.ConclusionsMaking young adults aware of the tendency to drink more than intended, particularly when drinking begins early in the evening, moves from location to location, and includes large groups of friends, may be a fruitful prevention target. Structural measures, including responsible beverage service, may also help in preventing excessive drinking at multiple locations.
The parasitoid wasp Eruga unilabiana Pádua & Sobczak, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) induces behavioral modification in its spider host
Authors: Sobczak Jober F. , Pádua Diego G. , Costa Letícia F. A. , Carvalho João L. V. R. , Ferreira João P. S. , Sobczak Jullyana C. M. S. M. , Messas Yuri F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSome polysphinctine parasitoid wasps can alter the web building behavior of their host spiders. In this paper, we describe and illustrate a new species Eruga unilabiana sp. nov. and report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the interaction between this parasitic wasp and the linyphiid spider Dubiaranea sp. We investigated the wasp's host selection, development, and manipulation of host behavior. We found that most of the parasitized spiders were intermediate‐sized adult females that probably provide sufficient resources for parasitoid larvae and are less vulnerable for parasitoid females than larger host individuals at attack. The cocoon web of Dubiaranea sp. consists of a complex three‐dimensional tangle structure with several non‐stick radial lines that converge at the cocoon. In addition, E. unilabiana individuals construct their cocoons horizontally, which differ from cocoons of the majority of polysphinctine wasps. This study provides important information and discussion to further understand the evolution of parasitoid wasp–spider interactions.
The efficacy of azithromycin and doxycycline treatment for rectal chlamydial infection: a retrospective cohort study in South Australia
Authors: Li Bin , Hocking Jane S. , Bi Peng , Bell Charlotte , Fairley Christopher K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere are ongoing concerns about treatment failure with azithromycin for the treatment of rectal chlamydia.AimTo investigate treatment efficacy of two treatments for rectal chlamydial infection.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed with rectal chlamydial infection between 2009 and 2015 in Adelaide, Australia. Patients were treated with either azithromycin (1 g single dose) or doxycycline (100 mg twice a day for 10 days) and returned for repeat testing 14–180 days after treatment commenced. Log‐binomial models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of recurrent rectal chlamydia associated with the treatment with azithromycin versus doxycycline.ResultsIn men, rectal chlamydia prevalence was 6.7%, and in women, it was 8.1%. Of the 526 patients diagnosed with rectal chlamydial infections, 419 (79.7%), 93 (17.7%) and 14 (2.6%) patients were treated with doxycycline, azithromycin or other medication respectively. Of these patients, 173 (41.3%) of 419 doxycycline‐treated patients and 31 (33.3%) of 93 azithromycin‐treated patients were retested between 14 and 180 days after treatment commenced (P = 0.16). Among these patients, the repeat rectal chlamydia test was less commonly positive in those treated with doxycycline (5.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03–0.10) compared with those treated with azithromycin (19.4%; 95% CI 0.09–0.36) and (P = 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, azithromycin‐treated patients had a significantly higher risk of a positive test in the 14 and 180 days after treatment commenced (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 2.96, 95% CI 1.16–7.57).ConclusionThe findings suggest that doxycycline may be more effective than azithromycin in treating rectal chlamydial infections.
Polyuria‐polydipsia syndrome: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Nigro Nicole , Grossmann Mathis , Chiang Cherie , Inder Warrick J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe main determinants for the maintenance of water homeostasis are the hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) and thirst. Disturbances in these regulatory mechanisms can lead to polyuria‐polydipsia syndrome, which comprises of three different conditions: central diabetes insipidus (DI) due to insufficient secretion of AVP, nephrogenic DI caused by renal insensitivity to AVP action and primary polydipsia due to excessive fluid intake and consequent physiological suppression of AVP. It is crucial to determine the exact diagnosis because treatment strategies vary substantially. To differentiate between the causes of the polyuria‐polydipsia syndrome, a water deprivation test combined with desmopressin administration is the diagnostic ‘gold standard’. Thereby, AVP activity is indirectly evaluated through the measurement of urine osmolality after prolonged dehydration. However, this test has several limitations and may fail to distinguish precisely between patients with primary polydipsia and mild forms of central and nephrogenic DI. The direct measurement of AVP during the water deprivation test, which was reported in the 1980s, has not been widely adopted due to availability, assay issues and diagnostic performance. Recently, copeptin, the c‐terminal portion of the larger precursor peptide of AVP, has been evaluated in the setting of polyuria‐polydipsia syndrome and appears to be a useful candidate biomarker for the differential diagnosis. A standardised method for the water deprivation test is presented as part of a joint initiative of the Endocrine Society of Australia, the Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemists and the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia to harmonise dynamic endocrine tests across Australia.
Negative predictive value of dobutamine stress echocardiography for perioperative risk stratification in patients with cardiac risk factors and reduced exercise capacity undergoing non‐cardiac surgery
Authors: Go Gus , Davies Kathy T. , O'Callaghan Cara , Senior Wendy , Kostner Karam , Fagermo Narelle , Prasad Sandhir B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines recommend functional testing for myocardial ischaemia in the perioperative setting in patients with greater than one recognised cardiac risk factor and self‐reported reduced exercise capacity.AimTo determine the clinical utility of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) for perioperative risk stratification in patients undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery.MethodsData on 79 consecutive patients undergoing DSE for perioperative risk stratification at a single centre were retrospectively reviewed to determine rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during the index hospitalisation and 30 days post‐discharge. Echocardiography and outcome data were obtained through a folder audit and echolab database.ResultsOut of the 79 DSE performed for perioperative risk stratification, 11 (14%) were positive (DSE +ve) and 68 (86%) were negative (DSE −ve). Management in the DSE +ve group included medical optimisation without invasive intervention (n = 7(64%)), diagnostic coronary angiography (n = 3(27%)) and coronary artery bypass graft (n = 1(9%)). None of the patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention preoperatively. Perioperative MACE in the DSE +ve group was 36% compared to 4% in the DSE‐ve group (P = 0.006). DSE +ve was a powerful predictor of perioperative inpatient MACE (OR 12.4, 95% CI 2.3–67, P = 0.003). The positive predictive value of DSE +ve status was 36%, whereas the negative predictive value of DSE‐ve status for perioperative MACE was 96%.ConclusionDSE for perioperative risk stratification had a high clinical utility in patients undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery. In particular, a normal DSE had a high negative predictive value for perioperative MACE.
Optical clearing of small intestine for three‐dimensional visualization of cellular proliferation within crypts
Authors: Kaufman Jason A. , Castro Monica J. , Sandoval‐Skeet Noemy , Al‐Nakkash Layla 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNew methods on optical clearing provide a valuable alternative to traditional physical section histology. Optical clearing allows investigation of relatively large tissue samples at histological resolution while maintaining the three‐dimensional architecture of the intact system. There is significant potential for applying optical clearing to gastrointestinal tissues. In particular, intestinal crypts contain high concentrations of stem cells, making these structures especially important for research on cellular proliferation in the intestinal epithelium. The objective of our study is to demonstrate an optical clearing method that is easy to implement and is compatible with mitotic fluorescent labeling. The optical clearing method we present utilizes a Triton/DMSO delipidization step followed by refractive index matching, rendering the tissue nearly transparent. We use EdU click chemistry to fluorescently label mitotic cell nuclei. Our results demonstrate successful clearing of jejunal samples with readily visible EdU staining by means of confocal microscopy. Three‐dimensional reconstruction of labeled samples reveals preservation of intestinal cytoarchitecture including muscular, submucosal, and mucosal layers. Additionally, the morphology of intestinal crypts and individual EdU‐positive mitotic nuclei are visible in sharp detail within their intact three‐dimensional organization. In summary, we present an optical clearing method that is easy to implement and has the potential to provide more accurate assessment of cellular proliferation within the gastrointestinal tract in both healthy and disease states.
Multimodality imaging characteristics of tension pyopneumothorax secondary to pulmonary carcinoma in a cat
Authors: Kim Jaehwan , Yoon Hakyoung , Kim Soyoung , Eom Kidong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA 3‐year‐old Himalayan cat was presented with respiratory distress. Radiography showed multiple gas opacity foci, with the locations dependent on patient positioning, and severe pleural effusion with a contralateral mediastinal shift. A large volume of fluid and air was aspirated, and the fluid components were consistent with a nonseptic exudate. A pulmonary mass, pleural nodules, and an air–fluid interface with air bubbles trapped in fibrous septations were identified using thoracic ultrasonography and CT. The cat died 2 days after imaging studies. Necropsy revealed tension pyopneumothorax caused by pulmonary carcinoma and multiple pleural metastases.
Role of myeloperoxidase in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation: mitigation by taurine
Authors: Kim Ha Won , Blomkalns Andra L. , Ogbi Mourad , Thomas Manesh , Gavrila Daniel , Neltner Bonnie S. , Cassis Lisa A. , Thompson Robert W. , Weiss Robert M. , Lindower Paul D. , Blanco Victor M. , McCormick Michael L. , Daugherty Alan , Fu Xiaoming , Hazen Stanley L. , Stansfield Brian K. , Huo Yuqing , Fulton David J. , Chatterjee Tapan , Weintraub Neal L. 
Published: October 2017

Oxidative stress plays a fundamental role in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation. Activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (or neutrophils) are associated with AAA and express myeloperoxidase (MPO), which promotes inflammation, matrix degradation, and other pathological features of AAA, including enhanced oxidative stress through generation of reactive oxygen species. Both plasma and aortic MPO levels are elevated in patients with AAA, but the role of MPO in AAA pathogenesis has, heretofore, never been investigated. Here, we show that MPO gene deletion attenuates AAA formation in two animal models: ANG II infusion in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and elastase perfusion in C57BL/6 mice. Oral administration of taurine [1% or 4% (wt/vol) in drinking water], an amino acid known to react rapidly with MPO-generated oxidants like hypochlorous acid, also prevented AAA formation in the ANG II and elastase models as well as the CaCl2 application model of AAA formation while reducing aortic peroxidase activity and aortic protein-bound dityrosine levels, an oxidative cross link formed by MPO. Both MPO gene deletion and taurine supplementation blunted aortic macrophage accumulation, elastin fragmentation, and matrix metalloproteinase activation, key features of AAA pathogenesis. Moreover, MPO gene deletion and taurine administration significantly attenuated the induction of serum amyloid A, which promotes ANG II-induced AAAs. These data implicate MPO in AAA pathogenesis and suggest that studies exploring whether taurine can serve as a potential therapeutic for the prevention or treatment of AAA in patients merit consideration. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neutrophils are abundant in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), prominently expressed in neutrophils, is associated with AAA in humans. This study demonstrates that MPO gene deletion or supplementation with the natural product taurine, which can scavenge MPO-generated oxidants, can prevent AAA formation, suggesting an attractive potential therapeutic strategy for AAA.
TRAF3IP2 mediates high glucose-induced endothelin-1 production as well as endothelin-1-induced inflammation in endothelial cells
Authors: Padilla Jaume , Carpenter Andrea J. , Das Nitin A. , Kandikattu Hemanth Kumar , López-Ongil Susana , Martinez-Lemus Luis A. , Siebenlist Ulrich , DeMarco Vincent G. , Chandrasekar Bysani 
Published: October 2017

Hyperglycemia-induced production of endothelin (ET)-1 is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Although the detrimental vascular effects of increased ET-1 are well known, the molecular mechanisms regulating endothelial synthesis of ET-1 in the setting of diabetes remain largely unidentified. Here, we show that adapter molecule TRAF3 interacting protein 2 (TRAF3IP2) mediates high glucose-induced ET-1 production in endothelial cells and ET-1-mediated endothelial cell inflammation. Specifically, we found that high glucose upregulated TRAF3IP2 in human aortic endothelial cells, which subsequently led to activation of JNK and IKKβ. shRNA-mediated silencing of TRAF3IP2, JNK1, or IKKβ abrogated high-glucose-induced ET-converting enzyme 1 expression and ET-1 production. Likewise, overexpression of TRAF3IP2, in the absence of high glucose, led to activation of JNK and IKKβ as well as increased ET-1 production. Furthermore, ET-1 transcriptionally upregulated TRAF3IP2, and this upregulation was prevented by pharmacological inhibition of ET-1 receptor B using BQ-788, or inhibition of NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species using gp91ds-tat and GKT137831. Notably, we found that knockdown of TRAF3IP2 abolished ET-1-induced proinflammatory and adhesion molecule (IL-1β, TNF-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin) expression and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Finally, we report that TRAF3IP2 is upregulated and colocalized with CD31, an endothelial marker, in the aorta of diabetic mice. Collectively, findings from the present study identify endothelial TRAF3IP2 as a potential new therapeutic target to suppress ET-1 production and associated vascular complications in diabetes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides the first evidence that the adapter molecule TRAF3 interacting protein 2 mediates high glucose-induced production of endothelin-1 by endothelial cells as well as endothelin-1-mediated endothelial cell inflammation. The findings presented herein suggest that TRAF3 interacting protein 2 may be an important therapeutic target in diabetic vasculopathy characterized by excess endothelin-1 production.
Evidence of a greater functional sympatholysis in habitually aerobic trained postmenopausal women
Authors: Kruse Nicholas T. , Hughes William E. , Hanada Satoshi , Ueda Kenichi , Bock Joshua M. , Iwamoto Erika , Casey Darren P. 
Published: October 2017

Habitual aerobic exercise attenuates elevated vasoconstriction during acute exercise (functional sympatholysis) in older men; however, this effect remains unknown in postmenopausal women (PMW). This study tested the hypothesis that PMW who participate in habitual aerobic exercise demonstrate a greater functional sympatholysis compared with their untrained counterparts. Nineteen PMW (untrained n = 9 vs. trained n = 10) performed 5 min of steady-state (SS) forearm exercise at relative [10% and 20% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)] and absolute (5 kg) contraction intensities. Lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) was used to increase sympathetic vasoconstriction during rest and forearm exercise. Brachial artery diameter and blood velocities (via Doppler ultrasound) determined forearm blood flow (FBF; ml/min). Forearm muscle oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]; ml/min) and arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2diff) were estimated during SS-exercise and SS-exercise with LBNP. Forearm vascular conductance (FVC; ml·min−1·100 mmHg−1) was calculated from FBF and mean arterial pressure (MAP; mmHg). Vasoconstrictor responsiveness was determined as the %change in FVC during LBNP. The reduction in FVC (% change FVC) during LBNP was lower in trained compared with untrained PMW at 10% MVC (−7.3 ± 1.2% vs. −13.0 ± 1.1%; P < 0.05), 20% MVC (−4.4 ± 0.8% vs. −8.6 ± 1.4%; P < 0.05), and 5 kg (−5.3 ± 0.8% vs. −8.9 ± 1.4%; P < 0.05) conditions, whereas there were no differences at rest (−32.7 ± 4.4% vs. −33.7 ± 4.0%). Peripheral (FVC, FBF, and [Formula: see text]) and the magnitude change in systemic hemodynamics (heart rate and MAP) did not differ between groups during exercise. Collectively, the findings present the first evidence suggesting that PMW who participate in aerobic exercise demonstrate a greater functional sympatholysis compared with untrained PMW during mild to moderate forearm exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Habitual aerobic exercise attenuates the elevated sympathetic nervous system-induced vasoconstriction during an acute bout of exercise (improved functional sympatholysis) in aging men; however, this effect remains unknown in postmenopausal women (PMW). The novel findings of this study suggest that habitual aerobic exercise results in an enhanced functional sympatholysis in PMW. Conversely, habitual aerobic exercise does not alter blood flow and oxygen utilization during acute forearm exercise compared with PMW who do not habitually exercise.