bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catechol-O-methyltransferase, Cognition and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Perkovic Matea Nikolac , Strac Dubravka Svob , Tudor Lucija , Konjevod Marcela , Erjavec Gordana Nedic , Pivac Nela 
Published: December 2017

Objective: Cognition is a complex trait representing a set of all mental abilities and processes
related to knowledge. Although diverse brain regions are involved, most cognitive processes appear to
engage cortical regions. The activity of dopaminergic neurons in prefrontal cortex represents a biological
substrate underlying cognitive functions. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most frequent dementia associated
with cognitive impairments. Cognitive impairment in AD starts slowly with discrete deterioration
in memory, language, thinking and reasoning, but it progresses into more severe and debilitating cognitive
dysfunction. Cognitive function is affected by the complex interactions between various genetic,
epigenetic, developmental and environmental factors. One of the most studied genes, associated with
cognitive disturbances, is the gene coding for Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), the enzyme with
major role in dopamine metabolism and modulation of different brain functions. Therefore, COMT is
studied as a target for many neuropsychiatric disorders, including dementias and AD. The COMT
Val158/108Met functional polymorphism affects significantly the enzyme activity and consequently
cognitive performance associated with altered dopamine function. The association of COMT
Val158/108Met polymorphism with some cognitive domains and psychosis in AD was reported in some
but not in all studies. Besides COMT Val158/108Met polymorphism, other risk genotypes or haplotypes
should be evaluated to determine the association of COMT with cognitive decline in AD.

Conclusion:
Better understanding of the role of COMT in cognitive processes in AD, as well as integration
of neurobiological, genetic, genomic and epigenetic data, might help in developing new potential
therapies of cognitive impairments and psychotic symptoms, characteristic features of AD.
Cholinesterase Inhibitor 6-Chlorotacrine - In Vivo Toxicological Profile and Behavioural Effects
Authors: Misik Jan , Nepovimova Eugenie , Pejchal Jaroslav , Kassa Jiri , Korabecny Jan , Soukup Ondrej 
Published: December 2017

Background:
6-chlorotacrine is a cholinesterase inhibitor showing good inhibitory potential, even better than parent compound tacrine, in vitro. Despite tacrine scaffold is broadly used for design and synthesis of novel compounds with anti-Alzheimer's potential, no in vivo effects have been investigated so far. Thus, basic toxicological and behavioural evaluation has been carried out throughout this study.

Methods:
Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and median lethal dose (LD50) were assessed in BALB/c mice and Wistar rats. Behavioural effects were observed in rats performing the multiple T-maze test, the water maze test and the step-through passive avoidance test. All outcomes were compared with the effects of parent compound - tacrine.

Results:
The toxicity of 6-chlorotacrine was increased compared to tacrine with MTD 6.0/5.0 mg.kg-1
(i.m., male/female mice), 6.0/5.0 mg.kg-1 (i.p., male/female rats) and LD50 9.0 mg.kg-1 (male rats). At
MTD doses, no histopathological changes and blood biochemistry abnormalities were observed except
decreased plasma creatinine levels. 6-chlorotacrine showed good effects in the reversal of quinuclidinyl
benzilate-induced amnesia. Best results were achieved at the dose of 1.8 mg.kg-1 (20% LD50) in the water
maze test; the pro-cognitive effect was stronger than that of tacrine (5.2 mg.kg-1, 20% LD50). Other
doses tested (0.9 mg.kg-1 and 2.7 mg.kg-1) showed similar effects as tacrine in the water maze, multiple
T-maze and passive avoidance test.

Conclusion:
Observed effects predetermined 6-chlorotacrine as a potent parent compound for the synthesis
of novel multifactorial drugs intended to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Even though 6-
chlorotacrine showed in vivo beneficial effect with no signs of toxicity, further tests on the field of biochemistry
and pharmacology are essential to disclose the exact mechanism of action, safety evaluation
and the metabolic fate of the compound after the repeated administration.
Inovasi Pemuda Dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Ekonomi Keluarga (Studi Kasus Pada Kampung Warna-Warni Kelurahan Jodipan, Kecamatan Blimbing, Kota Malang)
Authors: Wulandari Prisca Kiki 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThis study aims to (1) analyze the youth innovation of Muhammadiyah University of Malang student named Guys Pro in changing the slump area of RW 2 Jodipan Village; (2) analyze the youth innovation product that is vivid village of Jodipan in supporting the family economic security. This study used qualitative approach with descriptive data display. This study was discussed by Habermas’ theory of communicative action and theory of family security. This study showed that the innovation of Guys Pro have changed the image of slump in Jodipan village and replace the face of village to be vivid village. The vivid village became a pilot project of tourism village in Malang. Promotion was given continually by the online and offline media which was attracting the visitor interest to come. Their visits contribute various opportunities for people to serve the needs of visitiors. Recently, they become the home entrepreneurs. In addition the mothers (ibu-ibu) PKK also participate in managing the vivid village. The image changing as a tourism village in Malang support the economic welfare of family for people of RW 2, Jodipan.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis inovasi pemuda mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang yang tergabung kelompok Guys Pro dalam merubah image kumuh RW 02 Kelurahan Jodipan; (2) menganalisis produk inovasi pemuda yakni Kampung Warna Warni Jodipan (KWJ) dalam mendukung ketahanan ekonomi keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pemaparan data secara deskriptif. Pembahasan dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teori tindakan komunikatif Jurgen Habermas dan teori ketahanan keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inovasi Guys Pro merubah image kumuh di RW 02 Kelurahan Jodipan dengan menciptakan Kampung Warna-Warni. Kampung Warna-Warni Jodipan menjadi pilot project kampung wisata di Kota Malang. Promosi yang dilakukan secara terus-menerus melalui online dan offline menarik minat pengunjung untuk mengunjungi KWJ. Kunjungan wisatawan memberikan peluang bagi masyarakat untuk menyediakan barang dan jasa yang dibutuhkan oleh pengunjung. Saat ini sebagian besar masyarakat Jodipan berwirausaha di rumah masing-masing. Selain itu, ibu-ibu PKK di RW 02 Kelurahan Jodipan berpartisipasi dalam memanajemen wisata KWJ. Perubahan image KWJ sebagai kampung wisata di Kota Malang mendukung kesejahteraan ekonomi keluarga bagi warga RW 02 Kelurahan Jodipan.
Karakteristik Geospasial Sebagai Dasar Perencanaan Untuk Memperkuat Ketahanan Perbatasan NKRI (Studi Kasus; Perencanaan Kota Perbatasan Distrik Sota-PNG, Merauke, Provinsi Papua)
Authors: Latif Agustan , Agustan Agustan 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThis is a national strategic study of border areas because it has significance for the sovereignty, defense and security of the easternmost regions of Indonesia - Papua New Guinea. The purpose of this research is focused on the characteristics of geospatial data to support of the border city tourism plan in Sota of Merauke Regency (Border RI - PNG). Based on the result of an investigation of planning document from spatial plan of Merauke regency directing sota as non-agricultural area with indication of development of urban area and residential center, while from National Park of wasur as authority of national park management show direction of sota area development as development zone with indication of tourist destination. The research recommends several things in the management of border areas such as: It is necessary to strengthen the social and cultural fields, improving the infrastructure, especially the public services, the strengthening of human resources and the supervision of the environment. Meanwhile, in encouraging the acceleration of development in the border area of sota need to increase coordination between the central government, provincial and regional Merauke regency.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini merupakan kajian strategis nasional kawasan perbatasan karena memiliki arti penting bagi kedaulatan, pertahanan dan keamanan negara khususnya wilayah paling timur Indonesia – Papua Nugini. Secara khusus tujuan penelitian ini difokuskan pada karakteristik data geospasial dalam mendukung rencana kota wisata perbatasan di Sota Kabupaten Merauke (Perbatasan RI – PNG). Berdasarkan hasil investigasi dokumen perencanaan dari rencana tata ruang kabupaten Merauke mengarahkan sota sebagai kawasan non pertanian dengan indikasi pengembangan kawasan perkotaan dan pusat pemukiman, sedangkan dari balai Taman Nasional wasur sebagai otoritas pengelola taman nasional menunjukkan arahan pengembangan wilayah sota sebagai zona pengembangan dengan indikasi tujuan wisata. Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan beberapa hal dalam pengelolaan wilayah perbatasan sota diantaranya: Perlu adanya penguatan bidang sosial dan budaya, peningkatan infrastruktur khusu pelayanan umum, penguatan sumber daya manusia, dan pengawasan linkungan. Sedangkan dalam mendorong percepatan pembangunan di kawasan perbatasan sota perlu adanya peningkatan koordinasi antara pemerintah pusat, provinsi dan daerah kabupaten Merauke.
Korelasi Berat Badan dan Umur Sapi terhadap Berat, Volume Cairan dan Konsentrasi Prostaglandin F2α pada Vesikula Seminalis
Authors: Dalimunthe Naela Wanda Yusria , Budiyanto Agung , Setyowati Erna Prawita , Wijayanti Agustina Dwi 
Published: December 2017

Seminal vesicles were collected from 60 heads of Bulls which butchered in slaughter house (RPH) Yogyakarta. The aims of this study are knowing the relationship between body weight, age, fluids volume and concentration of prostaglandin F2 α (PGF2α) in seminal vesicle of beef cattle. Those seminal vesicles were gathered from bulls which recorded its body weight and age then measured its seminal vesicles for weight, fluids volume and PGF2α levels. The PGF2α level was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Statistical analysis was performed using one way – analysis of varian, regression and correlation with P<0.05. Body weight of bulls showed positive correlation with the weight of seminal vesicle and its fluids volume. However, PGF2α levels were not correlated with the body weight of cattle. Weight of seminal vesicles also exhibited positive correlation with volume of vesicle fluids but no correlation with PGF2α levels. Based on the age of bulls, there were no correlation withthe weight of seminal vesicles, seminal fluids volume and PGF2α levels. Those result indicated that the weight and fluids volume were affected by the body weight of bulls altough the PGF2α levels have a standard of developmentwhich seems affected by other factors such as concentration of androgen hormone.
Ekspresi IL – 1β pada Proses Kesembuhan Fraktur Os Femur Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Ovariektomi yang Diterapi dengan Ekstrak Cikal Tulang (Cissus quadrangularis)
Authors: Yudaniayanti Ira Sari , Lukiswanto Bambang Sektiari , Arifin M. Zainal 
Published: December 2017

This study aims to determine the potential of the Cissus quadrangularis extract to decreased the expression of IL-1 β so that it can to inhibit bone resorption and osteoporosis fracture healing is not delayed union. Forty rats adapted for 1 week, and then divided into four groups with 10 replications. P0 (sham-operated + Osteotomy + CMC Na); P1 (ovariectomy + Osteotomy + CMC Na); P2 (ovariectomy + Osteotomy + Raloxifene 5.4 mg /kg); P3 (ovariectomy + Osteotomy + CQ 750 mg / kg). Osteoporosis induced is made by bilateral ovariectomy in rats, then to make sure that osteoporosis is already happened, 8 weeks post-ovariectomy performed radiology examinations on the femur, then the osteotomy action. IL1-β expression observations performed in at the 2nd week and 6th week after osteotomy through the immunohistochemistry examination. The results of immunohistochemistry examination in the 2nd week showed an increased expression of IL1-β in all groups of rat that did ovariectomy (P1, P2 and P3) were significantly different (p <0.05) with a rat group that didn’t ovariectomy, as well P2 dan P3 were significantly different with P1. The Results of immunohistochemistry examination in the 6th week showed the samepattern with the 2nd week and there is increased IL1-β expression in all groups of rat compared with the results of the examination in the 2nd week. Based on these results it can be concluded that Cissus quadrangularis extract andRaloxifen can decreased the expression of IL-1 β, and the results that don’t significantly different, so that these both materials can to inhibit bone resorption and osteoporosis fracture healing don’t get delayed union.
Ekstrak Air Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petersianum Klotzch) sebagai Penghambat Perkembangan Telur Cacing Gastrointestinal Ruminansia Secara in Vitro
Authors: Baaka Alnita , Widayati Isti , Noviyanti Noviyanti 
Published: December 2017

Gastrointestinal worm disease in cattle is scathing for the breeder’s as it lowers cattle’s productivity and inflict major economic loss. Furthermore, the interraction between cattle, man and the environment might bringout the risk of zoonotic diseases (diseases which can spread between man and animals). Kebar grass contains phytochemical elements such as alkaloid, saponin, tanin, glycoside and flavonoid. Those elements have the potentialas an alternate anthelmentic in the effort to utilize the endemic biodiversities of Papua. This research is performed at Faculty of Animal Husbandry Animal Health Laboratory and Faculty of Math and Natural Science MicrobiologyLaboratory of Universitas Papua, for 8 months. The leaves and the stems of the kebar grass were collected and stored at room temperature. The Kebar grass extract was divided into 3 parts, i.e. fresh extract, wind dried extractand sun dried extract. Fresh fecal samples were collected and examined with the native method. The samples where nematodes eggs are found is treated with kebar grass extract. As a comparison, positive control is made withoxfendazole and negative control is made nematodes larvae fertilization. Fecal cultures and grass extract mixture is left alone for 7 days in room temperature and examined under microscope with 400x fortification to see whetnerthere is any development of the nematodes’ eggs. The obstained data is analyzed by tabulation and descriptive method. The result is the samples mixed with kebar grass extract show no development of nematodes’ egg. As acomparison, the negative control which is observed with baerman method shows development of nematodes’ eggs. It can be concluded that the effect of kebar grass extract can deters nematodes’ egg development.
Morfologi Hemipenis Biawak Air (Varanus salvator bivittatus)
Authors: Mahfud Mahfud , Winarto Adi , Nisa Chairun 
Published: December 2017

Varanus salvator bivittatus has a pair of hemipenes, which is macroscopic anatomically like the copulatory organ in other amniotes, cylindrical-shaped (truncus) with quite flexible, and it located on the base of the caudal tailof the cloaca. However, information about the microscopic anatomy of hemipenes of this animal is scientifically unpublicized. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the microscopic anatomy of hemipenes of male Varanussalvator bivittatus. The animals were sacrificed by exsanguination under deep anesthetized and fixed in 4 % paraformaldehyde through perfusion then observed visceral site and morphometric. Histomorphological evaluationwas obtained by paraffin preparation with section thickness of 3-4 μm then stained in Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and Masson’s Trichrome (MT). The results showed that truncus of hemipenes was lined by stratified squamousepithelium and supported with thick of dense connective tissue and contain cavernous body and blood vessels are found, the muscles not found. The presence of connective tissue that supported in the down part sometimesmake hemipenes are rigid while prurient condition. In the caudal of truncus hemipenes there is retractor muscle of hemipenes which arranged by striated muscles. Hemipenes is flexible because contain with much of blood vesselthat found in truncus hemipenes.
Newcastle Disease Virus Detection from Chicken Organ Samples Using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Shanmuganathan Lehgarubini , Anggoro Dito , Wibowo Michael Haryadi 
Published: December 2017

Newcastle disease (ND) is a systemic, viral respiratory disease that is acute and easily transmitted which affects various types of poultry, especially chickens. Diagnosis of ND which generally involves virus isolation and subsequent identification with serological assays has limitations that needs more time. This research was aimed to detect Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) in chickens suspected with ND using the Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Nine chicken organ samples such as lien, trachea, and lungs were collected from chicken farms diagnosed with ND. The organ samples were processed and the targeted viral RNA was extracted using the RNA extraction kit. Genome amplification was performed with RT-PCR using specificprimers to target the F gene. Amplification results produced an amplicon product of 565 base pairs (bp). PCR product samples were then visualised using agar gel electrophoresis and viewed using the unified gel documentation system. Amplification results show nine samples positive for the DNA bands corresponding to the targeted band of the NDV F gene fragment. The results of this research confirm that the RT-PCR method is applicable for NDV detection from chicken organ samples.
Unraveling the Attitude—Acquisition Conundrum in Learning English as a Second Language (L2) in Cameroon
Authors: Tanda Vincent A. , Eposi Joan Mapeh 
Published: December 2017

<p><em>This study set out to unravel the attitude—acquisition conundrum exhibited by Francophone Cameroonians in the learning of English as a second language (L2). It submits that notwithstanding the widely negative attitude they hold of English and the Anglophone Cameroonians who speak the language, this negativism seems not, more recently, to blight their quest to learn and use the English language when necessary. The paper contends that albeit that Francophone Cameroonians overtly show a disdain for the English language, they at the same time recognize its role as a window to the global world.</em></p><p><em>They also recognize that even within Cameroon knowing English will give them a competitive edge into the professional schools in the country and also to the few jobs opportunities that exist.</em></p>
Plantas usadas por aves en paisajes cafeteros de Nariño, Colombia
Authors: Castillo R. Yulieth Viviana , Calderón Leytón Jhon Jairo 
Published: December 2017

Las plantas son un importante recurso alimenticio para las aves presentes en los paisajes cafeteros, por lo que la heterogeneidad en las diferentes unidades de estos paisajes, garantizan la disponibilidad de alimento. Conocer este tipo de interacciones entre plantas y aves es importante para la conservación de la biodiversidad en paisajes cafeteros. En esta investigación, se presenta la lista inicial de especies de plantas usadas por las aves de paisajes cafeteros en zonas rurales de los municipios de Colón-Génova, La Unión, Arboleda y San Pedro de Cartago en el departamento de Nariño, Colombia. Las observaciones en campo y colectas generales de plantas muestran que 25 especies vegetales son consumidas por aves frugívoras, ocho especies son aprovechadas por aves nectarívoras y nueve especies son aprovechadas por aves insectívoras. Los resultados obtenidos permiten proponer un listado de especies de plantas potenciales como fuente de recursos para las aves, algunas nativas y otras introducidas, que pueden ser útiles para el manejo de paisajes cafeteros en la región a través de la implementación de estrategias de producción y propagación para la restauración.
Área superficial de carbones activados y modificados obtenidos del recurso agrícola Saccharum officinarum
Authors: Colpas C. Fredy , Tarón D. Arnulfo , González C. Rafael 
Published: December 2017

El carbón activado es un material utilizado industrialmente en adsorción de gases, filtrados, limpieza de líquidos y como soporte para catalizadores en medios no oxidantes. Además tiene varias aplicaciones ambientales como en la adsorción de iones metálicos de plomo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la obtención de carbones activados carbonizando biomasa de caña de azúcar a 400°C en atmósfera de nitrógeno, activando con ácido fosfórico y oxidando con ácido nítrico o peróxido de hidrógeno seguido de tratamiento térmico. La preparación de carbones activados a partir de residuos agrícolas está desarrollándose con excelentes resultados potencialmente aplicables. Bajo este contexto, se muestra un método de preparación mediante activación química con ácido fosfórico, la cual aumentó el contenido de carbono y disminuyó el de oxígeno, seguidamente con el objeto de estudiar el desarrollo del área superficial se somete a proceso de oxidación con calentamiento térmico. Los carbones obtenidos fueron caracterizados mediante análisis proximal y para la determinación de los grupos funcionales oxigenados se utilizó la espectroscopia infrarroja de reflectancia difusa-transformada de Fourier. La determinación de grupos oxigenados básicos y ácidos se realizó por el método Boehm. Para la medición del área superficial se utilizó el método BET. El área de microporos se incrementó por el tratamiento con HNO3 y H2O2 desde 278 m2/g hasta 402 y 446m2/g, respectivamente. La mayor parte del área en los carbones se debió a los microporos. El pH de los carbones fue aproximadamente de tres y los grupos COOH alcanzaron valores hasta 2,12meq/g.