bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Effects of Free Nitrous Acid on Desulfovibrio vulgaris: Implications for Sulfide-Induced Corrosion of Concrete
Authors: Gao Shu-Hong , Ho Jun Yuan , Fan Lu , Richardson David J. , Yuan Zhiguo , Bond Philip L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTHydrogen sulfide produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in sewers causes odor problems and asset deterioration due to the sulfide-induced concrete corrosion. Free nitrous acid (FNA) was recently demonstrated as a promising antimicrobial agent to alleviate hydrogen sulfide production in sewers. However, details of the antimicrobial mechanisms of FNA are largely unknown. Here, we report the multiple-targeted antimicrobial effects of FNA on the SRBDesulfovibrio vulgarisHildenborough by determining the growth, physiological, and gene expression responses to FNA exposure. The activities of growth, respiration, and ATP generation were inhibited when exposed to FNA. These changes were reflected in the transcript levels detected during exposure. The removal of FNA was evident by nitrite reduction that likely involved nitrite reductase and the poorly characterized hybrid cluster protein, and the genes coding for these proteins were highly expressed. During FNA exposure, lowered ribosome activity and protein production were detected. Additionally, conditions within the cells were more oxidizing, and there was evidence of oxidative stress. Based on an interpretation of the measured responses, we present a model depicting the antimicrobial effects of FNA onD. vulgaris. These findings provide new insight for understanding the responses ofD. vulgaristo FNA and will provide a foundation for optimal application of this antimicrobial agent for improved control of sewer corrosion and odor management.IMPORTANCEHydrogen sulfide produced by SRB in sewers causes odor problems and results in serious deterioration of sewer assets that requires very costly and demanding rehabilitation. Currently, there is successful application of the antimicrobial agent free nitrous acid (FNA), the protonated form of nitrite, for the control of sulfide levels in sewers (G. Jiang et al., Water Res 47:4331–4339, 2013,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.024). However, the details of the antimicrobial mechanisms of FNA are largely unknown. In this study, we identified the key responses (decreased anaerobic respiration, reducing FNA, combating oxidative stress, and shutting down protein synthesis) ofDesulfovibrio vulgarisHildenborough, a model sewer corrosion bacterium, to FNA exposure by examining the growth, physiological, and gene expression changes. These findings provide new insight and underpinning knowledge for understanding the responses ofD. vulgaristo FNA exposure, thereby benefiting the practical application of FNA for improved control of sewer corrosion and odor.
Integrating Acupuncture into Primary Health Care: The Experience of an Educational Model Implemented within the Brazilian Unified Health System in FlorianóPolis
Authors: Moré Ari Ojeda Ocampo , Tesser Charles Dalcanale , Min Li Shih 
Published: July 2016

Objective Primary health care (PHC) is the main entry point and the first level of contact for individuals, families and communities within the Brazilian public health system. Considering that few studies have investigated the use of acupuncture in PHC, this article presents our experience in the city of Florianópolis when integrating acupuncture into PHC using an educational programme developed to teach acupuncture to primary care physicians (PCPs). Methods The course programme was designed using the WHO standards for acupuncture training and discussed at three consensus meetings. Between 2011 and 2014 three iterations of an introductory acupuncture course for PCPs were offered. During this period 53 physicians finished the programme. Results The number of acupuncture sessions in PHC rose from 1349 in 2011 to 6488 in 2015. It was observed in 2015 that 81% of the course participants working in PHC were regularly using acupuncture in their daily practice, with a mean number of sessions of 11.35 sessions per month. Moreover, collaborative work, which started during the course between the PCPs and the acupuncture specialists in secondary and tertiary public health care, helped to increase the quality of acupuncture referrals and facilitate clinical case discussions. Conclusions Our experience in the city of Florianópolis shows that teaching acupuncture to PCPs is a sustainable model that can help introduce acupuncture into PHC. Furthermore it can expand access to acupuncture treatment for the population and increase the communication between PCPs and acupuncture specialists.
Validation of administrative hospital data for identifying incident pancreatic and periampullary cancer cases: a population-based study using linked cancer registry and administrative hospital data in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Creighton Nicola , Walton Richard , Roder David , Aranda Sanchia , Currow David 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesInforming cancer service delivery with timely and accurate data is essential to cancer control activities and health system monitoring. This study aimed to assess the validity of ascertaining incident cases and resection use for pancreatic and periampullary cancers from linked administrative hospital data, compared with data from a cancer registry (the ‘gold standard’).Design, setting and participantsAnalysis of linked statutory population-based cancer registry data and administrative hospital data for adults (aged ≥18 years) with a pancreatic or periampullary cancer case diagnosed during 2005–2009 or a hospital admission for these cancers between 2005 and 2013 in New South Wales, Australia.MethodsThe sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of pancreatic and periampullary cancer case ascertainment from hospital admission data were calculated for the 2005–2009 period through comparison with registry data. We examined the effect of the look-back period to distinguish incident cancer cases from prevalent cancer cases from hospital admission data using 2009 and 2013 as index years.ResultsSensitivity of case ascertainment from the hospital data was 87.5% (4322/4939), with higher sensitivity when the cancer was resected (97.9%, 715/730) and for pancreatic cancers (88.6%, 3733/4211). Sensitivity was lower in regional (83.3%) and remote (85.7%) areas, particularly in areas with interstate outflow of patients for treatment, and for cases notified to the registry by death certificate only (9.6%). The PPV for the identification of incident cases was 82.0% (4322/5272). A 2-year look-back period distinguished the majority (98%) of incident cases from prevalent cases in linked hospital data.ConclusionsPancreatic and periampullary cancer cases and resection use can be ascertained from linked hospital admission data with sufficient validity for informing aspects of health service delivery and system-level monitoring. Limited tumour clinical information and variation in case ascertainment across population subgroups are limitations of hospital-derived cancer incidence data when compared with population cancer registries.
Association of inpatient hospital experience with patient safety indicators: a cross-sectional, Canadian study
Authors: Kemp Kyle A , Santana Maria J , Southern Danielle A , McCormack Brandi , Quan Hude 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesThere remains concern regarding the use of survey data to assess aspects of healthcare quality. The relationship between patient experience and adverse events as documented by patient safety indicators (PSIs) is a timely research topic. The objectives were to document the association of PSIs and patient experience scores, and to determine risk-adjusted odds of high experience scores versus PSI presence.Setting and participantsFrom April 2011 to March 2014, 25 098 patients completed a telephone survey following discharge from 93 inpatient hospitals in Alberta, Canada.Research designA modified version of the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) instrument was used. Surveys were linked to inpatient records and PSI presence was documented using a validated algorithm.MeasuresThree questions about overall hospital, physician and nurse ratings were scored on an 11-point Likert scale from 0 (worst) to 10 (best). Experience was classified as high (9 or 10) versus low (0–8). Demographic/clinical differences between respondents with/without a PSI were assessed. Logistic regression examined the relationship between factors including PSI and experience ratings.ResultsOverall, physician and nurse care was rated high by 61.9%, 73.7% and 66.2% of respondents. 1085 patients (4.3%) had a documented PSI. Most frequent PSIs were haemorrhagic events (n=502; 2.0% of sample), events relating to obstetrics (n=373; 1.5%) and surgical-related events (n=248; 1.0%). Risk-adjusted models showed patients with PSIs had decreased odds of having high overall (OR=0.86; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.97), physician (OR=0.76; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.87) and nurse (OR=0.83; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.94) ratings.ConclusionsThere is clear evidence that inpatient experience ratings are associated with PSIs, one element of quality of care. Future research, examining individual PSIs and patient experience questions, is warranted, as this may inform targeted quality improvement initiatives.
Impact of approaches in improving male partner involvement in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV on the uptake of PMTCT services in sub-Saharan Africa: a protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Takah Noah F , Kennedy Iain T R , Johnman Cathy 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionSeveral studies have reported approaches used in improving the delivery of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services through the involvement of male partners, but evidence from a systematic review is limited. We aim at determining the impact of male partner involvement on PMTCT in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods and analysisThis will be a systematic review of published literature. Interventional and observational studies on male involvement in PMTCT carried out in sub-Saharan Africa will be included irrespective of the year and language of publication. OVID Medline, Embase, PschINFO, and Cochrane database of controlled trials will be searched. After manual searching of articles, authors shall be contacted for further information. 2 authors (NFT and CJ) will independently screen potential articles for eligibility using defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tools, Jadad scale and the STROBE checklist will be used for critical appraisal, and the 2 authors will independently assess the quality of articles. Authors will independently extract data from studies using a pre-established data collection form, and any discrepancies will be sorted by a third author (TRK). Outcomes will be analysed using STATA V.12.0. The random effect model will be used to produce forest plots. The heterogeneity χ2statistics and I2will be used to assess for heterogeneity. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots. This protocol is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval since included studies will be published studies that had already obtained ethical approvals. The findings will guide HIV programmes on the best approaches towards involving male partners in PMTCT with a view to improving PMTCT services in sub-Saharan Africa.PROSPERO registration number42016032673.
Seroepidemiology ofToxoplasma gondiiin pregnant women in Aguascalientes City, Mexico: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alvarado-Esquivel Cosme , Terrones-Saldívar María del Carmen , Hernández-Tinoco Jesús , Muñoz-Terrones María Daniela Enriqueta , Gallegos-González Roberto Oswaldo , Sánchez-Anguiano Luis Francisco , Reyes-Robles Martha Elena , Jaramillo-Juárez Fernando , Liesenfeld Oliver , Estrada-Martínez Sergio 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesWe determined the seroprevalence and correlates ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in pregnant women in Aguascalientes City, Mexico.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingPregnant women were enrolled in the central Mexican city of Aguascalientes.ParticipantsWe studied 338 pregnant women who attended prenatal care in 3 public health centres.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWomen were examined for IgG/IgM antibodies toT. gondiiby using commercially available enzyme immunoassays, and an avidity test. Multiple analyses were used to determine the association ofT. gondiiseropositivity with the characteristics of the pregnant women.ResultsOf the 338 pregnant women studied, 21 (6.2%) had IgG antibodies toT. gondii, and 1 (4.8%) of them was also positive for IgM antibodies toT. gondii. Avidity of IgG antibodies toT. gondiiwas high in the IgM-positive sample. Logistic regression analysis of sociodemographic, behavioural and housing variables showed thatT. gondiiseropositivity was associated with white ethnicity (OR=149.4; 95% CI 10.8 to 2054.1; p<0.01), not washing hands before eating (OR=6.41; 95% CI 1.73 to 23.6; p=0.005) and use of latrine (OR=37.6; 95% CI 4.63 to 306.31; p=0.001).ConclusionsResults demonstrate that pregnant women in Aguascalientes City have a low seroprevalence ofT. gondiiinfection. However, this low prevalence indicates that most pregnant women are at risk for a primary infection. Factors associated withT. gondiiexposure found in this study, including food hygiene, may be useful to determine preventive measures againstT. gondiiinfection and its sequelae.
Management of critical illness with non-invasive ventilation by an Australian HEMS
Authors: Coggins Andrew R , Cummins Erin N , Burns Brian 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundNon-invasive ventilation (NIV) therapy is widely used for the management of acute respiratory failure. The objective of this study was to investigate the current use of NIV during interhospital retrievals in an Australian physician-led aeromedical service.MethodsWe reviewed patients receiving NIV during interhospital retrieval at the Greater Sydney Area Helicopter Medical Services (GSA-HEMS) over a 14-month period. The main objectives were to describe the number of retrievals using NIV, the need for intubation in NIV patients and the effect of the therapy on mission duration.ResultsOver the study period, 3018 missions were reported; 106 cases (3.51%) involved administration of NIV therapy during the retrieval. The most common indication for NIV was pneumonia (34.0%). 86/106 patients received a successful trial of NIV therapy prior to interhospital transfer. 58 patients were transferred on NIV, while 28 patients had NIV removed during transport. None of these 86 patients required intubation or died, although 17/86 ultimately required intubation within 24 hours at the receiving centre. 20/106 patients required intubation at the referring hospital after a failed trial of NIV therapy. NIV was successfully used in all available transport platforms including rotary wing. Patients receiving NIV were found to have prolonged mission durations compared with other GSA-HEMS patients (222.5 vs 193 min). This increase in mission duration was largely attributable to NIV failure, resulting in a need for Rapid Sequence Intubation at the referring hospital.ConclusionsWith careful patient selection, the use of interhospital NIV is feasible and appears to be safe in a retrieval system with care provided by a critical care physician.
Intermediate microRNA expression profile in Graves’ disease falls between that of normal thyroid tissue and papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Pohl Matthias , Grabellus Florian , Worm Karl , Arnold Georg , Walz Martin , Schmid Kurt Werner , Sheu-Grabellus Sien-Yi 
Published: July 2016

AimsMany studies have previously reported a higher prevalence of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) in patients with Graves' disease (GD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that are upregulated in PTC compared with benign thyroid tissue. The objective of the study was to examine the miRNA expression of selected miRNAs that are known to be upregulated in PTC in patients with GD.MethodsParaffin embedded thyroid tissue from 159 patients with GD was screened for expression of the miRNAs 146b, 181b, 21, 221 and 222 by RT-PCR. The expression profiles of four normal thyroids, 50 PTCs without concomitant GD and 11 patients with untreated GD served as the controls.ResultsThe expression pattern of these miRNAs in patients with GD is intermediate between that of benign thyroid tissue (p<0.001) and PTC (in three out of five miRNAs, p<0.001). This corresponds to a 15-fold change for GD versus PTC, and a 31-fold change for GD versus normal thyroid tissue. The miRNA expression in 11 papillary microcarcinomas found in our study (a prevalence of 0.07) was not different from that in PTC samples from patients without GD for four of five miRNA types. Furthermore, we found a significant difference in the expression of miRNA 221/222 between treated and untreated GD tissue.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we found an intermediate expression of specific miRNAs in thyroid tissue from patients with GD that fell between the expression levels found in normal thyroid glands and PTC, which suggests a possible influence of certain miRNAs on developing PTC in patients with GD.
Diabetes mellitus and carotid artery plaques exhibiting high-intensity signals on MR angiography are related to increased platelet reactivity after carotid artery stenting
Authors: Tsujimoto Masanori , Enomoto Yukiko , Kokuzawa Jouji , Iwama Toru 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundIncreased platelet reactivity after carotid artery stenting (CAS) may cause thromboembolic complications.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the incidence of increased platelet reactivity after CAS and to determine the factors related to it.MethodsPatients who underwent CAS were recruited prospectively. They received pre-procedural antiplatelet therapy comprising some combination of aspirin (100 mg/day), clopidogrel (75 mg/day), and/or cilostazol (200 mg/day) for a minimum of 7 days. ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation were measured before and 4 days after CAS. Changes in platelet reactivity were reported as changes in the categorized platelet reactivity grade based on the effective dose 50%. Clinical characteristics of patients with and without increased platelet reactivity were compared.ResultsAmong 38 consecutive patients who underwent CAS, 18 (47%) exhibited increased platelet reactivity. Diabetes mellitus (OR 15.0; 95% CI 2.1 to 106.5; p=0.007) and carotid artery plaques exhibiting high-intensity signals (HIS) on time-of-flight MR angiography (TOF-MRA) (OR 25.2; 95% CI 2.0 to 316.2; p=0.013) were independently associated with increased platelet reactivity in a multivariate analysis.ConclusionsIncreased platelet reactivity occurred in nearly half of the studied patients subjected to CAS and was independently associated with diabetes mellitus and carotid artery plaques exhibiting HIS on TOF-MRA.
Timing, growth and structure of a reactivated basin-bounding fault
Authors: Worthington Robert P. , Walsh John J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Until recently, there have been relatively few natural examples of basement fault reactivation, demonstrating convincing hard-linkage to underlying structure and a well-constrained three-dimensional (3D) geometry and timing of reactivation. Applying various quantitative techniques to high quality 3D seismic data, we describe the Cenozoic structure and growth of a reactivated Mesozoic normal fault in the NW Porcupine Basin, west of Ireland. We demonstrate a previously unrecognized period of Mid–Late Eocene extensional reactivation with a tectonic, rather than the previously suggested compactional, origin. East–west extensional reactivation of a north–south- to NE–SW-trending basement fault led to the development of a highly segmented and systematically stepping fault array in the Cenozoic cover. A clear relationship between the displacement of hanging-wall antithetic faults and displacement along the main synthetic system is attributed to the antithetics primarily accommodating strain associated with a hanging-wall rollover anticline. Our study shows that displacement analysis provides an excellent basis for defining the kinematics of basement fault reactivation, and the importance of fault segmentation and twisting during the upwards propagation of reactivated faults. Fault timing corresponds to a period of rapid differential subsidence, the magnitude of which is too large to be attributable solely to extensional reactivation of basement faults.
Identification of Existing Drugs That Effectively Target NTRK1 and ROS1 Rearrangements in Lung Cancer
Authors: Chong Curtis R. , Bahcall Magda , Capelletti Marzia , Kosaka Takayuki , Ercan Dalia , Sim Taebo , Sholl Lynette M. , Nishino Mizuki , Johnson Bruce E. , Gray Nathanael S. , Jänne Pasi A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Efforts to discover drugs that overcome resistance to targeted therapies in patients with rare oncogenic alterations, such as NTRK1 and ROS1 rearrangements, are complicated by the cost and protracted timeline of drug discovery.
Experimental Design: In an effort to identify inhibitors of NTRK1 and ROS1, which are aberrantly activated in some patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we created and screened a library of existing targeted drugs against Ba/F3 cells transformed with these oncogenes.
Results: This screen identified the FDA-approved drug cabozantinib as a potent inhibitor of CD74–ROS1-transformed Ba/F3, including the crizotinib-resistant mutants G2032R and L2026M (IC50 = 9, 26, and 11 nmol/L, respectively). Cabozantinib inhibited CD74–ROS1-transformed Ba/F3 cells more potently than brigatinib (wild-type/G2032R/L2026M IC50 = 30/170/200 nmol/L, respectively), entrectinib (IC50 = 6/2,200/3,500 nmol/L), and PF-06463922 (IC50 = 1/270/2 nmol/L). Cabozantinib inhibited ROS1 autophosphorylation and downstream ERK activation in transformed Ba/F3 cells and in patient-derived tumor cell lines. The IGF-1R inhibitor BMS-536924 potently inhibited CD74–NTRK1-transformed compared with parental Ba/F3 cells (IC50 = 19 nmol/L vs. &gt; 470 nmol/L). A patient with metastatic ROS1-rearranged NSCLC with progression on crizotinib was treated with cabozantinib and experienced a partial response.
Conclusions: While acquired resistance to targeted therapies is challenging, this study highlights that existing agents may be repurposed to overcome drug resistance and identifies cabozantinib as a promising treatment of ROS1-rearranged NSCLC after progression on crizotinib. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 204–13. ©2016 AACR.