bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of static contact angles with curved boundaries using a multiphase lattice Boltzmann method with variable density and viscosity ratios
Authors: Leclaire Sébastien , Abahri Kamilia , Belarbi Rafik , Bennacer Rachid 
Published: February 2016

SummaryNumerical modeling of multiphase flow generally requires a special procedure at the solid wall in order to be consistent with Young's law for static contact angles. The standard approach in the lattice Boltzmann method, which consists of imposing fictive densities at the solid lattice sites, is shown to be deficient for this task. Indeed, fictive mass transfer along the boundary could happen and potentially spoil the numerical results. In particular, when the contact angle is less than 90 degrees, the deficiencies of the standard model are major. Various videos that demonstrate this behavior are provided (Supporting Information). A new approach is proposed and consists of directly imposing the contact angle at the boundaries in much the same way as Dirichlet boundary conditions are generally imposed. The proposed method is able to retrieve analytical solutions for static contact angles in the case of straight and curved boundaries even when variable density and viscosity ratios between the phases are considered. Although the proposed wetting boundary condition is shown to significantly improve the numerical results for one particular class of lattice Boltzmann model, it is believed that other lattice Boltzmann multiphase schemes could also benefit from the underlying ideas of the proposed method. The proposed algorithm is two‐dimensional, and the D2Q9 lattice is used. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between DCHS2 gene and mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in an elderly Brazilian sample
Authors: Vieira Renalice Neves , Ávila Rafaela , de Paula Jonas Jardim , Cintra Marco Túlio Gualberto , de Souza Renan Pedra , Nicolato Rodrigo , Malloy‐Diniz Leandro , de Miranda Débora Marques , de Moraes Edgar Nunes , de Marco Luiz Armando , Romano‐Silva Marco Aurélio , Bicalho Maria Aparecida Camargos 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesIn 2012, Kamboh and colleagues published a genome‐wide association study that identified the DCHS2 gene (rs1466662 T/A) influencing the age at onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to investigate if there is association between the DCHS2 gene and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and AD in a sample of the Brazilian population.Methods143 controls, 79 aMCI and 299 AD patients were selected and submitted to the same protocol of tests. Genotyping was performed using the Real Time PCRResultsAmnestic MCI patients showed a higher prevalence of AA than controls and a lower frequency of TT when compared with controls. We also stratified the sample according to the APOE ε4 status. No difference in DCHS2 genotype or allelic frequency occurred in the APOE ε4 allele carrier subgroup. Amnestic MCI patients showed a higher frequency of AA genotype and a lower frequency of TA and TT when compared with controls in APOE ε4 allele non‐carrier subgroup. The allelic distribution followed the same pattern. In AD group, we observed a significant difference with a higher A allelic frequency in AD in this subgroup. A multiple logistic regression demonstrated that in APOE ε4 non‐carriers, allele rs1466662 was associated to aMCI group. Different variables were associated with aMCI and AD according to APOE ε4 status in our sample. Low level of education was associated with AD, while diabetes mellitus type 2 was associated with aMCI. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a possible role for DCHS2 gene in aMCI and AD.
Exercise therapy for trismus secondary to head and neck cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Kamstra Jolanda I. , van Leeuwen Marianne , Roodenburg Jan L.N. , Dijkstra Pieter U. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundEffects of exercise therapy for trismus secondary to head and neck cancer have not been reviewed systematically since 2004.MethodsFour databases were searched. The quality of observational studies and randomized controlled trials was assessed.ResultsTwo hundred eleven articles were found, 20 studies were included. A large variation in research methodology, stretching techniques, duration of stretch, and repetition of exercises was found. The overall quality was moderate. Five of the 8 preventive studies found that exercises during (chemo)radiotherapy could not prevent a reduction in mouth opening. In 4 therapeutic case studies, mouth opening increased between 17 and 24 mm. In 8 other therapeutic studies, mouth opening increased between −1.9 and 13.6 mm. No exercise therapy was clearly superior to the others.ConclusionChanges in mouth opening ranged considerably and no stretching technique was superior to others regarding either prevention or treatment of trismus. Clinical guidelines cannot be given based on this systematic review. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 160–169, 2017
Patterns of hydrologic connectivity in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: a synthesis of 20 years of hydrologic data
Authors: Wlostowski Adam N. , Gooseff Michael N. , McKnight Diane M. , Jaros Christopher , Lyons W. Berry 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStreams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs) of Antarctica moderate an important hydrologic and biogeochemical connection between upland alpine glaciers, valley‐bottom soils, and lowland closed‐basin lakes. Moreover, MDV streams are simple but dynamic systems ideal for studying interacting hydrologic and ecological dynamics. This work synthesizes 20 years of hydrologic data, collected as part of the MDVs Long‐Term Ecological Research project, to assess spatial and temporal dynamics of hydrologic connectivity between glaciers, streams, and lakes. Long‐term records of stream discharge (Q), specific electrical conductance (EC), and water temperature (T) from 18 streams were analysed in order to quantify the magnitude, duration, and frequency of hydrologic connections over daily, annual, and inter‐annual timescales. At a daily timescale, we observe predictable diurnal variations in Q, EC, and T. At an annual timescale, we observe longer streams to be more intermittent, warmer, and have higher median EC values, compared to shorter streams. Longer streams also behave chemostatically with respect to EC, whereas shorter streams are more strongly characterized by dilution. Inter‐annually, we observe significant variability in annual runoff volumes, likely because of climatic variability over the 20 record years considered. Hydrologic connections at all timescales are vital to stream ecosystem structure and function. This synthesis of hydrologic connectivity in the MDVs provides a useful end‐member template for assessing hydrologic connectivity in more structurally complex temperate watersheds. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
River networks system changes and its impact on storage and flood control capacity under rapid urbanization
Authors: Yang Liu , Xu Youpeng , Han Longfei , Song Song , Deng Xiaojun , Wang Yuefeng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUrbanization significantly affects both the drainage network structure and the storage capacity of river channels in lowland plain river networks. The Yangtze River Delta region has experienced a rapid and profound urbanization of any region worldwide in the past 30 years. The southeast Yinfeng plain in the Yangtze River Delta region was used as the study area to assess changes in the river network structure from 1990 to 2010, using river feature parameter analyses and GIS spatial analysis. The elastic method was adopted to analyse river network pattern response to both urbanization and climate change, and the rates at which these factors contributed to changes in the river network pattern were investigated. Changes in the storage capacity and flood control capacity of the channel network over the past 21 years were then analysed. The results indicated that: (1) the number of river networks, and the complexity of the river network spatial structures were reduced, the drainage density decreased by 20%, the water surface ratio by 36%, the river area–length ratio by nearly 18% and the fractal dimension of the river networks by 4.5%; (2) the river network changes were due more to human activities than to climate change in this study period. Limited changes occurred in the structure of the river system, as indicated by an urbanization variability rate of less than 20% and precipitation variability range of −5% to −15%, although the stream structure gradually decreased with increasing urbanization variability; and (3) the storage capacity of the main river network decreased earlier (1990–2003) and was restored later (2003–2010) because of dredging and widening activities. In addition, the number of lower‐order rivers decreased, which resulted in significant decreases in the storage and flood control capacities of the river networks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concurrent Hypoparathyroidism Is Associated With Impaired Physical Function and Quality of Life in Hypothyroidism
Authors: Sikjaer Tanja , Moser Emil , Rolighed Lars , Underbjerg Line , Bislev Lise Sofie , Mosekilde Leif , Rejnmark Lars 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Total thyroidectomy causes postsurgical hypothyroidism (HypoT). Besides HypoT, as a complication patients may also develop hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT). The aim of this study was to assess quality of life (QoL), muscle function, and postural stability in patients with postsurgical hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism (HypoT+PT) as compared to patients with postsurgical HypoT and healthy controls. Age- and gender-matched patients on treatment for HypoT+PT and HypoT were recruited from our outpatient clinic. Matched healthy controls were recruited from the general background population. Compared with controls, HypoT was associated with a significantly lower mental summary score, whereas patients with HypoT+PT had a significantly lower physical summary score (Short Form 36 Health Survey questionnaire version 2). Moreover, the physical component score was significantly lower in patients with HypoT+PT compared with HypoT. WHO-5 well-being index was significantly lower in both groups of patients compared with controls, but did not differ between groups of patients. Compared with controls, muscle strength and maximal force production was significantly reduced in HypoT+PT, but not in HypoT. In HypoT+PT, the time spent on the Timed Up & Go test and the Repeated Chair Stands test were significantly longer than in the HypoT group and the control group. Postsurgical HypoT+PT is associated with a more severe impairment of QoL, in particular regarding physical functioning, than HypoT. HypoT+PT patients are also hampered by impaired muscle function. Studies on how to improve well-being and muscle function in HypoT+PT patients are warranted. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Dose‐Dependent Flux of Buprenorphine Following Transdermal Administration in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Wang Yi , Cipriano Alessandra , Munera Catherine , Harris Stephen C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBuprenorphine transdermal delivery system (BTDS) applied once every 7 days is indicated for the management of pain that is severe enough to require daily, around‐the‐clock, long‐term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate. The 7‐day flux of buprenorphine from BTDS to systemic circulation was investigated in a phase 1, 2‐period crossover study with 3 randomized groups of healthy subjects receiving BTDS containing buprenorphine 5, 10, or 20 mg for 7 days preceded or followed by intravenous buprenorphine infusion (25 μg/h for 24 hours). Residual and absolute bioavailability methods were used to estimate 7‐day flux of buprenorphine. Following BTDS administration, mean area under the curve of buprenorphine increased proportionally (12.6, 24.3, and 51.1 ng/[mL · h]), maximum mean plasma concentration rose with increasing dose (176, 191, and 471 pg/mL), and absolute bioavailability was 14% to 16%. Mean residual amount of buprenorphine in the BTDS after 7‐day application was 4.50, 8.57, and 17.1 mg. Flux of buprenorphine was approximately 5, 10, and 20 μg/h for BTDS containing 5, 10, and 20 mg buprenorphine, respectively. BTDS was safe and well tolerated following a single 7‐day application in healthy subjects. The results of this study demonstrated dose‐dependent flux of buprenorphine delivered via transdermal system.
Experimental Characterization and Modified Constitutive Modeling of the Strain Rate Dependent Compressive Behavior of Adhesives
Authors: Li Peifeng , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: February 2016

Predicting the impact performance of adhesively bonded structures requires the accurate characterization and constitutive formulation of the compressive behavior of the adhesive at dynamic strain rates. In this work, the stress–strain curves of Sikaflex adhesives are measured in uniaxial compression tests at quasi‐static and dynamic strain rates. The split‐Hopkinson pressure bar technique is modified with the hollow output bar to effectively characterize the dynamic response of the adhesive. It is found that the Sikaflex adhesive is incompressible and hyperelastic; the compressive behavior is significantly influenced by the strain rate. The strain rate sensitivity is not constant but varies as a function of the strain and the strain rate. The strain rate effect on compressive behavior is quantified and incorporated into the phenomenological hyperelastic constitutive model based on strain energy density. The modified constitutive equation accurately represents the strain rate dependent compressive behavior of Sikaflex adhesives.
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Flaked sorghum biscuits increase postprandial GLP‐1 and GIP levels and extend subjective satiety in healthy subjects
Authors: Stefoska‐Needham Anita , Beck Eleanor J. , Johnson Stuart K. , Chu Jiayue , Tapsell Linda C. 
Published: February 2016

ScopeSorghum grain components may play a role in mechanisms that protect against development of obesity‐related chronic diseases. We conducted a randomized, cross‐over trial (40 healthy subjects) using whole grain sorghum flaked biscuits to investigate mechanisms related to satiety.Methods and resultsSubjects were tested on four occasions after a 12‐h fast. At baseline, they consumed 50 grams of one of four treatment meals: white, red, or brown sorghum biscuits or a wheat control. Subjective satiety was measured at 8 time‐points over four hours. In a subset of 20 subjects, plasma glucose, insulin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), peptide‐tyrosine‐tyrosine (PYY), and ghrelin were measured. Subjects reported significantly lower subjective satiety ratings after consuming wheat compared to sorghum biscuits. Incremental area under the plasma concentration–time curve of postprandial GLP‐1, GIP and in males, PYY, were significantly higher (p = 0.018, p = 0.031, p = 0.036, respectively) for sorghum breakfasts compared to wheat. Energy intake at a subsequent meal did not differ between treatments.ConclusionsSorghum whole grain is a promising novel ingredient in foods targeting satiety as an adjunct for weight control. Evidence is now required from randomized controlled trials that aim to examine specific effects on health outcomes from a sorghum‐enriched intervention diet.
Quercetin mitigates valinomycin‐induced cellular stress via stress‐induced metabolism and cell uptake
Authors: Gonzales Gerard Bryan , Smagghe Guy , Vissenaekens Hanne , Grootaert Charlotte , Rajkovic Andreja , Van de Wiele Tom , Raes Katleen , Van Camp John 
Published: February 2016

ScopeIntestinal cells are constantly exposed to luminal toxins. In this study, we investigated the effect of cellular stress caused by valinomycin, which is structurally and functionally similar to the bacterial toxin cereulide, on quercetin metabolism and cellular localization in undifferentiated cells.Methods and resultsCoadministration of quercetin and valinomycin (50 μM quercetin/0.05 μM valinomycin) reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species content and increased cell viability (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) of Caco‐2 cells compared to valinomycin‐only (0.05 μM) treatment. Quercertin was effectively metabolized into methyl, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates, which were mostly secreted into to the culture medium. Three different O‐methylated quercetin isomers were detected. Two were exported from the cells and one remained intracellularly. Further, valinomycin caused an increase in the intracellular accumulation of O‐methylated quercetin metabolites compared to cells treated only with quercetin. In valinomycin‐untreated cells, quercetin and O‐methylated quercetin metabolite were localized in the cell membrane, whereas valinomycin treatment resulted in their uptake by the cells.ConclusionThis is the first report on the change in metabolism, localization, and accumulation of O‐methylated quercetin metabolites in undifferentiated Caco‐2 cells as a response during stress caused by valinomycin. These results indicate a potential cellular stress response mechanism in undifferentiated Caco‐2 cells, which adds novel insights into the mechanisms of flavonoid cellular bioactivity.
Polymer thick film technology for improved simultaneous dEEG/MRI recording: Safety and MRI data quality
Authors: Poulsen Catherine , Wakeman Daniel G. , Atefi Seyed Reza , Luu Phan , Konyn Amy , Bonmassar Giorgio 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo develop a 256‐channel dense‐array electroencephalography (dEEG) sensor net (the Ink‐Net) using high‐resistance polymer thick film (PTF) technology to improve safety and data quality during simultaneous dEEG/MRI.MethodsHeating safety was assessed with temperature measurements in an anthropomorphic head phantom during a 30‐min, induced‐heating scan at 7T. MRI quality assessment used B1 field mapping and functional MRI (fMRI) retinotopic scans in three humans at 3T. Performance of the 256‐channel PTF Ink‐Net was compared with a 256‐channel MR‐conditional copper‐wired electroencephalography (EEG) net and to scans with no sensor net. A visual evoked potential paradigm assessed EEG quality within and outside the 3T scanner.ResultsPhantom temperature measurements revealed nonsignificant heating (ISO 10974) in the presence of either EEG net. In human B1 field and fMRI scans, the Ink‐Net showed greatly reduced cross‐modal artifact and less signal degradation than the copper‐wired net, and comparable quality to MRI without sensor net. Cross‐modal ballistocardiogram artifact in the EEG was comparable for both nets.ConclusionHigh‐resistance PTF technology can be effectively implemented in a 256‐channel dEEG sensor net for MR conditional use at 7T and with significantly improved structural and fMRI data quality as assessed at 3T. Magn Reson Med 77:895–903, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Automated Functional Imaging by 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Reveals High Incidence of Abnormal Longitudinal Strain in a Cohort of Pediatric Oncology Patients
Authors: Tran Jade C. , Ruble Kathy , Loeb David Mark , Chen Allen R. , Thompson William Reid 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundAutomated functional imaging (AFI) was introduced to two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography to facilitate strain assessment in the clinical settings. In patients treated with cardiotoxic anthracyclines, AFI may be helpful in the detection of early myocardial injury when left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) remains normal.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed feasibility of AFI in 143 echocardiograms on 102 subjects aged 0.4–22 years (mean 12.3) obtained over a 12‐month period. We computed a Z‐score for apical four‐chamber longitudinal strain using published normal data to assess for abnormal strain in patients with and without previous exposure to anthracyclines.ResultsAFI was feasible in 95.1% of echocardiograms, with low inter‐ and intraobserver variability. There was a statistically significant association between abnormal longitudinal strain Z‐score (SZ < −2.0) and depressed LVEF (<55%, P < 0.001). However, 46% of echocardiograms with normal LVEF had abnormal SZ; half of which had no prior anthracycline exposure. The correlation between SZ and LVEF was strongest in subjects exposed to anthracyclines (r2 = 0.12, P < 0.01). Increasing age was associated with decreasing SZ. Total cumulative dose, after adjusting for age, was inversely associated with SZ (r2 = 0.42, P < 0.001). Time from last dose of anthracycline had no significant association with SZ. Conclusions. AFI is highly feasible in the clinical settings. The observed high prevalence of abnormal longitudinal strain in our cohort emphasizes the importance of obtaining baseline measurements prior to anthracycline treatment. The effects of anthracycline on longitudinal strain may be dose and age dependent, with younger children less likely to show abnormalities.
Limiting efficiencies for intermediate band solar cells with partial absorptivity: the case for a quantum ratchet
Authors: Pusch Andreas , Yoshida Megumi , Hylton Nicholas P. , Mellor Alexander , Phillips Chris C. , Hess Ortwin , Ekins‐Daukes Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe intermediate band solar cell (IBSC) concept aims to improve upon the Shockley–Queisser limit for single bandgap solar cells by also making use of below bandgap photons through sequential absorption processes via an intermediate band (IB). Current proposals for IBSCs suffer from low absorptivity values for transitions into and out of the IB. We therefore devise and evaluate a general, implementation‐independent thermodynamic model for an absorptivity‐constrained limiting efficiency of an IBSC to study the impact of absorptivity limitations on IBSCs. We find that, due to radiative recombination via the IB, conventional IBSCs cannot surpass the Shockley–Queisser limit at an illumination of one Sun unless the absorptivity from the valence band to the IB and the IB to the conduction band exceeds ≈36%. In contrast, the introduction of a quantum ratchet into the IBSC to suppress radiative recombination can enhance the efficiency of an IBSC beyond the Shockley–Queisser limit for any value of the IB absorptivity. Thus, the quantum ratchet could be the vital next step to engineer IBSCs that are more efficient than conventional single‐gap solar cells. © 2016 The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.