bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practitioners' views and barriers to implementation of the Keeping Birth Normal tool: A pilot study
Authors: Darling Florence 
Published: July 2016

Background: Poor implementation of evidence in practice has been reported as a reason behind the continued rise in unnecessary interventions in labour and birth. A validated tool can enable the systematic measurement of care to target interventions to support implementation of evidence. The Keeping Birth Normal tool has been developed to measure and support implementation of evidence to reduce unnecessary interventions in labour and birth. Aims: This pilot sought the views of midwives about the usefulness and relevance of the Keeping Birth Normal tool in measuring and supporting practice; it also identified barriers to implementation. Methods: Five midwives supported by five preceptors tested the tool on a delivery suite and birth centre in a local NHS Trust. Mixed methods were employed. Participants completed a questionnaire about the relevance and usefulness of the tool. Semi-structured interviews explored participants' experience of using the tool in practice. Findings: The domains and items in the tool were viewed as highly relevant to reducing unnecessary interventions. Not all midwives were open to their practice being observed, but those who were reported benefits from critical reflection and role-modelling to support implementation. An important barrier is a lack of expertise among preceptors to support the implementation of skills to reduce unnecessary interventions. This includes skills in the use of rating scales and critical reflection. Where expertise is available, there is a lack of protected time for such structured supportive activity. Norms in birth environments that do not promote normal birth are another important barrier. Conclusions: Midwives found the items in the tool relevant to evidence-informed skills to reduce unnecessary interventions and useful for measuring and supporting implementation. To validate and generalise these findings, further evidence about the quality of items needs to be gathered. Successful implementation of the tool requires preceptors skilled in care that reduces unnecessary interventions, using rating scales, role-modelling and critical reflection. Such structured preceptorship requires protected time and can only thrive in a culture that promotes normal birth.
Un nuevo reto para las universidades: la evaluación de la calidad de la gestión de los Trabajos de Fin de Grado
Authors: Vera Giménez Jesús , Briones Pérez Elena 
Published: July 2016

Introducción: La universidad española se ha enfrentado recientemente al reto de gestionar la preparación de los estudiantes para la realización de los Trabajos de Fin de Grado (TFGs). Este nuevo requisito impuesto por la legislación para la obtención del título de Graduado/a ha significado la implicación de la práctica totalidad del profesorado y del alumnado universitario que finaliza sus estudios de grado. Este trabajo plantea la conveniencia de monitorizar los procesos de calidad en la gestión de los TFGs con objeto de evaluar su idoneidad desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes. Método: Se sometió a evaluación por parte de 118 profesores universitarios una encuesta confeccionada para evaluar la calidad de la gestión de los TFGs. A partir de las aportaciones del profesorado se remodeló la encuesta cuyo formato final se ofrece en el Anexo. Durante los años 2012 a 2014 se aplicó dicha encuesta en la que participaron 1422 estudiantes. Resultados y discusión: Se observa una idónea consistencia interna de las cinco escalas que componen la encuesta. Es imprescindible la introducción de mejoras en los aspectos que pronostican mejor la satisfacción de los estudiantes: formación de los tutores, establecimiento de criterios más eficientes y transparentes para los tribunales encargados de evaluar los TFGs, mejora de la calidad de la información proporcionada a los estudiantes para enfrentarse al TFG y adecuar la asignación de créditos para ajustarlos al grado de dedicación de los estudiantes en su elaboración.
Nos rincões de Goiás... a construção de um território citadino
Authors: Gandara Gercinair Silvério , Batista Jennydavison Ribeiro dos Santos 
Published: July 2016

Neste texto discutimos elementos relevantes da formação histórica do surgimento da cidade Orizona que em sua constituição foi fortemente influenciada pela Igreja Católica e pelos grandes latifúndios. Para garantir a compreensão da sua memória social buscamos ler o que fosse significativo dentro do vasto repertório de elementos que compõe a história do seu surgimento. Evidenciaremos o que representou a fé católica para a construção do território e outros elementos relevantes da formação histórica e das relações socioculturais que evidencie a recusa aos dormentes em sua estrutura citadina.
O Mestrado em Ensino da História na Universidade do Minho (Portugal): o testemunho de um (ex-)aluno
Authors: Ferreira Cardoso Hugo 
Published: July 2016

O artigo apresenta uma reflexão crítica sobre o modelo de formação de professores em mestrado profissionalizante para o ensino de História e Geografia para o 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e o Ensino Secundário (2009-2014) sob a perspetiva de um formando. Apesar de esse curso ter um formato bidisciplinar, focamos apenas a área adstrita ao ensino da História. Foi eleito como primeiro tema a estrutura curricular do curso, na sua área da especialidade (História) e na área científica (Ciências da Educação), que defende um perfil de professor como um prático reflexivo e crítico. Assim, dá-se relevo à investigação pedagógica no estágio através da construção e avaliação de um “projeto de intervenção pedagógica supervisionada” (PIPS).
Historiador e/ou professor de História: a formação nos cursos de graduação de História
Authors: Ricci Claudia Sapag 
Published: July 2016

O artigo aborda o processo de normatização curricular dos cursos de História quando, na década de 1990, o Ministério da Educação delineou parâmetros de elaboração das estruturas curriculares e perfil profissional do historiador a ser perseguido nacionalmente e, em 2001, o Conselho Nacional de Educação aprovou as Diretrizes Curriculares dos Cursos de História. Focaliza a relação dessas diretrizes com os projetos pedagógicos, o perfil profissional do historiador, a polêmica instaurada em relação à distinção entre bacharelado e licenciatura nos cursos de História e a inclusão de políticas de patrimônio histórico, preservação do meio ambiente, direitos à pluralidade e à cidadania cultural, como fundamentais para a atuação do historiador.
Adsorption and Corrosion Inhibition Behaviour of Zwitterionic Gemini Surfactant for Mild Steel in 0.5 M HCl
Authors: Mobin Mohammad , Noori Sahar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe adsorption and corrosion inhibition behaviour of zwitterionic gemini surfactant, 2-decyl phosphate-1-(N,N-dimethyl,N-tetradecylammonium) ethane on mild steel in 0.5 M HCl in the temperature range of 25–65°C has been investigated. The zwitterionic gemini surfactant was synthesized, purified and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Surface tension measurements were carried out to evaluate the surface and thermodynamic properties of the surfactant in 0.5 M HCl. Weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance (EIS) measurements and thermodynamic/kinetic parameters were applied to elaborate the adsorption and corrosion inhibition mechanism of the surfactant. Surface morphology of the mild steel specimen corroded in unihibited and inhibited acid was also evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The zwitterionic gemini surfactant acts as an excellent inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M HCl; the inhibition efficiency (IE) of inhibitor is concentration and temperature dependent. The evaluated gemini surfactant performed as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. The adsorption of surfactant on mild steel surface obeyed Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The calculated thermodynamic parameters for adsorption reveal a strong interaction between the inhibitor and the mild steel surface.
Einflüsse von akademischer Sozialisation und der Verbundenheit mit den Eltern auf die schulischen Leistungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Walper Sabine , Thönnissen Carolin , Alt Philipp 
Published: July 2016

Focusing family influences on children’s academic development, the present study investigated longitudinal effects of parental school involvement as well as children’s closeness to parents as predictors of school achievement across two years. Two aspects of academic socialization were of particular interest: parents’ aspirations for higher education and their interest in children’s schooling. Data for 469 children (age 8 to 16 years) came from the German Family Panel pairfam. Multiple regression analyses controlling for a variety of background factors, children’s previous grades, and their problem behavior revealed significant effects of parents’ educational aspirations only. Whereas children’s age did not moderate the effects of closeness to parents or those of academic socialization, higher closeness to parents proved to facilitate effects of parents’ educational aspirations. The findings emphasize the role of parental aspirations, particularly in the context of a positive parent-child relationship.
Zusammenfassung
Mit Blick auf die Bildungsbedeutung der Familie untersucht diese Studie längsschnittliche Einflüsse des elterlichen Schulengagements und der Verbundenheit mit den Eltern auf die schulische Leistungsentwicklung im 2-Jahres-Zeitraum. Im Mittelpunkt stehen zwei Aspekte akademischer Sozialisation: die Bildungsorientierung der Eltern und deren Interesse an schulischen Belangen der Kinder. Die Daten für 469 Kinder im Alter zwischen 8 und 16 Jahren stammen aus dem Deutschen Beziehungsund Familienpanel pairfam. In multiplen Regressionen, die zahlreiche Hintergrundfaktoren, den früheren Leistungsstand sowie das Problemverhalten der Kinder kontrollieren, erweist sich lediglich die Bildungsorientierung der Eltern als relevant. Während das Alter der Kinder keinen moderierenden Einfluss auf die Bedeutung akademischer Sozialisation und die Verbundenheit mit den Eltern hat, trägt die Bildungsorientierung nur bei hoher Verbundenheit der Kinder mit den Eltern zu besseren schulischen Leistungen bei. Die Befunde unterstreichen die Bedeutung elterlicher Bildungsaspirationen, vor allem im Kontext einer positiven Eltern- Kind-Beziehung.
Perspektiven von Eltern auf die Ganztagsschule
Authors: Arnoldt Bettina , Steiner Christine 
Published: July 2016

All-day schools are not only meant to improve the individual development of their students, they are also supposed to support parents in reconciling family and work. However, studies on parental acceptance of all-day schools focus primarily on the issue of work-life balance. The opinions of parents with regard to the potential support of allday schools for individual development and educational success of their children have hardly been examined. In this paper, we investigate whether parents regard all-day schools as an opportunity for improving the individual development of their children. For our analyses, we use mainly the data of a survey of parents of students at all-day schools (N=16,261), which was conducted in 2009 within the “Study on the development of all-day schools” (StEG). First of all, our findings show that all-day schools are accepted particularly by East German parents in dualincome households. These parents see all-day schools as an opportunity for both goals, i.e. for a better care as well as a way of enhancing the personal development of their children. This is especially true for parents with a less privileged social background.
Zusammenfassung
Ganztagsschulen sollen nicht nur eine bessere Förderung der Schülerinnen und Schüler ermöglichen, sondern Eltern auch bei der Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Erwerbstätigkeit unterstützen. Untersuchungen zur Akzeptanz von Ganztagsschulen konzentrieren sich allerdings in erster Linie auf die Vereinbarkeitsproblematik. Die Einschätzungen der Eltern im Hinblick auf das Unterstützungspotenzial von Ganztagsschulen für die individuelle Entwicklung und den schulischen Erfolg ihrer Kinder wurden demgegenüber bisher kaum aufgegriffen. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir, welche Teilnahmemotive Eltern mit der Ganztagsschule verbinden und ob diese Erwartungen eingelöst werden. Hierbei wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Rolle dabei die Bildungsstrategien und der sozio-ökonomische Hintergrund der Eltern spielen. Für unsere Analysen verwenden wir in erster Linie die Daten einer Befragung von Eltern von Schülerinnen und Schülern an Ganztagsschulen (N=16.261), die im Jahr 2009 im Rahmen der „Studie zur Entwicklung von Ganztagsschulen“ (StEG) durchgeführt wurde. Unsere Befunde zeigen zunächst einmal, dass Ganztagsschulen vor allem von ostdeutschen Doppelverdiener- Hauhalten akzeptiert werden. Diese Eltern verbinden mit der Ganztagsschule in gleicher Weise Betreuungs- und Förderungsmöglichkeiten. Das gilt insbesondere auch für Eltern mit weniger günstigen sozialen Voraussetzungen.
Donner son corps à la science. Aspects psychologiques de la médicalisation du corps au delà de la mort
Authors: Bacqué Marie-Frédérique 
Published: July 2016

Le don du corps à la science est étudié sous l’angle psychanalytique. Il est en effet l’expression d’une série de tensions qui confinent à l’ambivalence. Si le donateur souhaite, par une forme d’échange, rendre à la médecine ce qu’elle a fait pour lui lors d’une maladie, il cherche aussi souvent à se soustraire aux funérailles familiales. En ce sens il rompt le lien social et risque l’exclusion. Une comparaison avec le don d’organes et la rédaction des directives anticipées permet de comprendre que les représentations de la mort et la « médicalisation de l’existence » ont aussi leur rôle dans ce fait social complexe. Devenir un « mort pédagogue » est une forme d’identification au médecin valorisante. Mépriser la matérialité du corps témoigne également d’une maîtrise qui redonne de l’autonomie au donateur. Cependant la spiritualité n’est pas pour autant au rendez-vous. Le don du corps est souvent un fait laïque militant. En revanche, les familles sont les grandes oubliées du don du corps. Des pratiques de communication avant la mort, pour préparer l’acceptation du don semblent indispensables pour limiter ce deuil à risque qu’est le deuil sans corps. Quelques propositions sont étudiées en particulier la cérémonie collective de nomination des donateurs qui leur redonne une place dans la société et dans leur lignée familiale.
Spectral analysis of atmospheric composition: application to surface ozone model–measurement comparisons
Authors: Bowdalo Dene R. , Evans Mathew J. , Sofen Eric D. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Models of atmospheric composition play an essential role in our scientific understanding of atmospheric processes and in providing policy strategies to deal with societally relevant problems such as climate change, air quality, and ecosystem degradation. The fidelity of these models needs to be assessed against observations to ensure that errors in model formulations are found and that model limitations are understood. A range of approaches are necessary for these comparisons. Here, we apply a spectral analysis methodology for this comparison. We use the Lomb–Scargle periodogram, a method similar to a Fourier transform, but better suited to deal with the gapped data sets typical of observational data. We apply this methodology to long-term hourly ozone observations and the equivalent model (GEOS-Chem) output. We show that the spectrally transformed observational data show a distinct power spectrum with regimes indicative of meteorological processes (weather, macroweather) and specific peaks observed at the daily and annual timescales together with corresponding harmonic peaks at one-half, one-third, etc., of these frequencies. Model output shows corresponding features. A comparison between the amplitude and phase of these peaks introduces a new comparison methodology between model and measurements. We focus on the amplitude and phase of diurnal and seasonal cycles and present observational/model comparisons and discuss model performance. We find large biases notably for the seasonal cycle in the mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere where the amplitudes are generally overestimated by up to 16 ppbv, and phases are too late on the order of 1–5 months. This spectral methodology can be applied to a range of model–measurement applications and is highly suitable for Multimodel Intercomparison Projects (MIPs).
Representativeness of total column water vapour retrievals from instruments on polar orbiting satellites
Authors: Diedrich Hannes , Wittchen Falco , Preusker René , Fischer Jürgen 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The remote sensing of total column water vapour (TCWV) from polar orbiting, sun-synchronous satellite spectrometers such as the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) on board of ENVISAT and the Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board of Aqua and Terra enables observations on a high spatial resolution and a high accuracy over land surfaces. The observations serve studies about small-scale variations of water vapour as well as the detection of local and global trends. However, depending on the swath width of the sensor, the temporal sampling is low and the observations of TCWV are limited to cloud-free land scenes. This study quantifies the representativeness of a single TCWV observation at the time of the satellite overpass under cloud-free conditions by investigating the diurnal cycle of TCWV using 9 years of a 2-hourly TCWV data set from global GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) stations. It turns out that the TCWV observed at 10:30 local time (LT) is generally lower than the daily mean TCWV by 0.65 mm (4 %) on average for cloud-free cases. Averaging over all GNSS stations, the monthly mean TCWV at 10:30 LT, constrained to cases that are cloud-free, is 5 mm (25 %) lower than the monthly mean TCWV at 10:30 LT of all cases. Additionally, the diurnal variability of TCWV is assessed. For the majority of GNSS stations, the amplitude of the averaged diurnal cycle ranges between 1 and 5 % of the daily mean with a minimum between 06:00 and 10:00 LT and maximum between 16:00 and 20:00 LT. However, a high variability of TCWV on an individual day is detected. On average, the TCWV standard deviation is about 15 % regarding the daily mean.
Synergistic Association of CYP1A1 Polymorphisms with Increased Susceptibility to Squamous Cell Lung Cancer in North Indian Smokers
Authors: Girdhar Yashila , Singh Navneet , Behera Digambar , Sharma Siddharth 
Published: July 2016

Objectives Studies in different populations have shown that polymorphisms within the CYP1A1 gene play an important role in determining individual susceptibility to lung cancer. However, the data obtained so far have been contradictory within the same or different populations. Few studies have focused on the synergistic effect of CYP1A1 polymorphisms on the susceptibility to lung cancer overall and to different histological subtypes along with the impact of smoking. Methods A total of 704 individuals (353 lung cancer patients and 351 controls) were evaluated for CYP1A1 polymorphisms. CYP1A1 genotyping was done by means of PCR-RFLP. Results A CYP1A1 mutant genotype was found to be significantly associated with lung cancer (OR = 3.15; 95% CI = 1.75-5.71; p = 0.0001) and this risk was 4-fold higher in case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The CYP1A1 m2 allelic variant was found to be strongly associated with the risk of SCC and adenocarcinoma. The combined “at risk” genotypes of the CYP1A1 m1 and m2 allelic variants were associated with lung cancer risk and this risk was higher in case of SCC (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.97-3.81; p = 0.028). Furthermore, the lung cancer risk was associated with smoking, especially in heavy smokers carrying CYP1A1 variant genotypes. We also observed that heavy smokers with the mutant m1 genotype were at increased risk of SCC (OR = 5.4; 95% CI = 2.4-11.9; p<0.0001). Furthermore, when stratified for smoking dose and histology, the effect was compounded in heavy smokers and SCC (OR = 7.5; 95% CI = 1.8-30.9; p = 0.004). Conclusions Polymorphism in the CYP1A1 gene is an important risk modifier for lung cancer.
O PROCESSO DE TERRITORIALIZAÇÃO E A ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE NO PROGRAMA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Mafra Melissa Dos Reis P. , Chaves Maria Marta Nolasco 
Published: July 2016

Considerando que o trabalho junto ao Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) deve levar em conta, em primeiro lugar, o conhecimento do território onde se vai atuar, o que significa ir além dos muros da Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) e que é fundamental conhecer o território que constitui a área de abrangência da Unidade de Saúde (US) para identificar como vivem, adoecem e morrem as pessoas, desenvolvemos o presente estudo com o objetivo de compreender o processo de territorialização e analisar as mudanças na assistência à saúde em uma Unidade de Saúde do município de Curitiba-PR no período de 2000 a agosto 2004. Para coleta de dados, utilizamos como instrumento a entrevista semi-estruturada e a observação estruturada. A entrevista foi desenvolvida com onze sujeitos que aceitaram participar assinando o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, onde se garantiu o direito ao sigilo, o anonimato e o direito a desistência. Na análise dos dados percebemos que o processo de territorialização ocorreu na U.S., mas nem todos os sujeitos da pesquisa têm a clareza de que a contínua construção do processo deste é a base da discussão e da construção do modelo de assistência à saúde para aquela comunidade. O modelo de assistência prestado pela equipe ainda tem como foco a demanda espontânea no serviço, utilizando a visita domiciliar para prestar atendimento aos portadores de algum adoecimento ou com riscos à saúde identificados. Referem que as mudanças encontradas no período se relacionam ao serviço e que esse é um processo muito lento, sendo afetado pela falta de profissionais e pequeno tempo de permanência destes no serviço local, fazendo-nos refletir a respeito da qualificação dos profissionais para o desenvolvimento do Programa Saúde da Família e que estes necessitariam de uma maior vinculação no serviço para a construção e consolidação do novo modelo de atenção à saúde. Acreditamos que as mudanças que ocorreram no período do início da implantação do serviço tiveram como principal contribuinte a atuação dos profissionais com apoio da comunidade local. Concluímos que este estudo nos fez perceber que estamos longe de desenvolver o modelo de atenção à saúde proposto pelo Programa Saúde da Família. Para tal necessitaremos de muitas investigações, que como esta nos faça refletir sobre as mais diversas realidades de saúde e as ações que os serviços estão desenvolvendo.
PINTO, J. M.; SOUZA, S. A. de. (Org). Para onde vai o dinheiro? Caminhos de descaminhos do financiamento da educação. São Paulo: Xamã, 2014.
Authors: Camargo Bruna Caroline 
Published: July 2016

Resenha de PINTO, J. M.; SOUZA, S. A. de. (Org). Para onde vai o dinheiro? Caminhos de descaminhos do financiamento da educação. São Paulo: Xamã, 2014.