bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T Cell Transcriptomes from Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Patients Reveal Novel Signaling Pathways
Authors: Hosokawa Kohei , Kajigaya Sachiko , Keyvanfar Keyvan , Qiao Wangmin , Xie Yanling , Townsley Danielle M. , Feng Xingmin , Young Neal S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired disorder originating from hematopoietic stem cells and is a life-threating disease characterized by intravascular hemolysis, bone marrow (BM) failure, and venous thrombosis. The etiology of PNH is a somatic mutation in the phosphatidylinositol glycan class A gene (PIG-A) on the X chromosome, which blocks synthesis of the glycolipid moiety and causes deficiency in GPI-anchored proteins. PNH is closely related to aplastic anemia, in which T cells mediate destruction of BM. To identify aberrant molecular mechanisms involved in immune targeting of hematopoietic stem cells in BM, we applied RNA-seq to examine the transcriptome of T cell subsets (CD4+ naive, CD4+ memory, CD8+ naive, and CD8+ memory) from PNH patients and healthy control subjects. Differentially expressed gene analysis in four different T cell subsets from PNH and healthy control subjects showed distinct transcriptional profiles, depending on the T cell subsets. By pathway analysis, we identified novel signaling pathways in T cell subsets from PNH, including increased gene expression involved in TNFR, IGF1, NOTCH, AP-1, and ATF2 pathways. Dysregulation of several candidate genes (JUN, TNFAIP3, TOB1, GIMAP4, GIMAP6, TRMT112, NR4A2, CD69, and TNFSF8) was validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and flow cytometry. We have demonstrated molecular signatures associated with positive and negative regulators in T cells, suggesting novel pathophysiologic mechanisms in PNH. These pathways may be targets for new strategies to modulate T cell immune responses in BM failure.
Antibody-Dependent NK Cell Activation Differentially Targets EBV-Infected Cells in Lytic Cycle and Bystander B Lymphocytes Bound to Viral Antigen–Containing Particles
Authors: López-Montañés María , Alari-Pahissa Elisenda , Sintes Jordi , Martínez-Rodríguez José E. , Muntasell Aura , López-Botet Miguel 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
NK cells have been reported to respond against EBV-infected B cells in the lytic cycle and to control the viral infection involving IFN-γ secretion. Early reports proposed a role for NK cell Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) triggered via FcγR-IIIA (CD16) in the response to EBV. In the current study, we revisited this issue, showing that serum from EBV+ individuals triggered vigorous NK cell degranulation and cytokine production (i.e., TNF-α and IFN-γ) against EBV-infected cells, enhancing NK cell activation. The effect was preferentially directed against cells in the lytic phase and was associated with surface expression of the gp350/220 envelope Ag. In contrast, binding of gp350+ particles, released by EBV-infected cells, to B cell lines or autologous primary B lymphocytes also promoted specific Ab-dependent NK cell degranulation and TNF-α production but induced minimal IFN-γ secretion. In that case, target cell damage appeared marginal compared with the effect of a control anti-CD20 Ab (rituximab) at concentrations that triggered similar NK cell activation, indicating that cell-associated gp350+ particles may divert the cytolytic machinery, impairing its direct action on the plasma membrane. These observations support that Ab-dependent NK cell activation plays an important role in the control of EBV, enhancing NK cell effector functions against infected B cells in the lytic cycle. In contrast, the data reveal that gp350+ particles bound to bystander B cells trigger Ab-dependent NK cell degranulation and TNF-α but not cytotoxicity or IFN-γ production, potentially favoring the progression of viral infection.
B-1a Cells Protect Mice from Sepsis: Critical Role of CREB
Authors: Aziz Monowar , Holodick Nichol E. , Rothstein Thomas L. , Wang Ping 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Bacterial sepsis is a serious life-threatening condition caused by an excessive immune response to infection. B-1 cells differ from conventional B-2 cells by their distinct phenotype and function. A subset of B-1 cells expressing CD5, known as B-1a cells, exhibits innate immune activity. Here we report that B-1a cells play a beneficial role in sepsis by mitigating exaggerated inflammation through a novel mechanism. Using a mouse model of bacterial sepsis, we found that the numbers of B-1a cells in various anatomical locations were significantly decreased. Adoptive transfer of B-1a cells into septic mice significantly attenuated systemic inflammation and improved survival, whereas B-1a cell–deficient CD19−/− mice were more susceptible to infectious inflammation and mortality. We also demonstrated B-1a cells produced ample amounts of IL-10 which controlled excessive inflammation and the mice treated with IL-10–deficient B-1a cells were not protected against sepsis. Moreover, we identified a novel intracellular signaling molecule, cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), which serves as a pivotal transcription factor for upregulating IL-10 production by B-1a cells in sepsis through its nuclear translocation and binding to putative responsive elements on IL-10 promoter. Thus, the benefit of B-1a cells in bacterial sepsis is mediated by CREB and the identification of CREB in B-1a cells reveals a potential avenue for treatment in bacterial sepsis.
Type I IFN Is Necessary and Sufficient for Inflammation-Induced Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization in Mice
Authors: Gibb David R. , Liu Jingchun , Natarajan Prabitha , Santhanakrishnan Manjula , Madrid David J. , Eisenbarth Stephanie C. , Zimring James C. , Iwasaki Akiko , Hendrickson Jeanne E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
During RBC transfusion, production of alloantibodies against RBC non-ABO Ags can cause hemolytic transfusion reactions and limit availability of compatible blood products, resulting in anemia-associated morbidity and mortality. Multiple studies have established that certain inflammatory disorders and inflammatory stimuli promote alloimmune responses to RBC Ags. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these findings are poorly understood. Type I IFNs (IFN-α/β) are induced in inflammatory conditions associated with increased alloimmunization. By developing a new transgenic murine model, we demonstrate that signaling through the IFN-α/β receptor is required for inflammation-induced alloimmunization. Additionally, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein–mediated signaling through cytosolic pattern recognition receptors was required for polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid–induced IFN-α/β production and alloimmunization. We further report that IFN-α, in the absence of an adjuvant, is sufficient to induce RBC alloimmunization. These findings raise the possibility that patients with IFN-α/β–mediated conditions, including autoimmunity and viral infections, may have an increased risk of RBC alloimmunization and may benefit from personalized transfusion protocols and/or targeted therapies.
Impact of North America on the aerosol composition in the North Atlantic free troposphere
Authors: García M. Isabel , Rodríguez Sergio , Alastuey Andrés 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In the AEROATLAN project we study the composition of aerosols collected over  ∼  5 years at Izaña Observatory (located at  ∼  2400 m a.s.l. in Tenerife, the Canary Islands) under the prevailing westerly airflows typical of the North Atlantic free troposphere at subtropical latitudes and midlatitudes. Mass concentrations of sub-10 µm aerosols (PM10) carried by westerly winds to Izaña, after transatlantic transport, are typically within the range 1.2 and 4.2 µg m−3 (20th and 80th percentiles). The main contributors to background levels of aerosols (PM10 within the 1st–50th percentiles  =  0.15–2.54 µg m−3) are North American dust (53 %), non-sea-salt sulfate (14 %) and organic matter (18 %). High PM10 events (75th–95th percentiles  ≈  4.0–9.0 µg m−3) are prompted by dust (56 %), organic matter (24 %) and non-sea-salt sulfate (9 %). These aerosol components experience a seasonal evolution explained by (i) their spatial distribution in North America and (ii) the seasonal shift of the North American outflow, which migrates from low latitudes in winter (∼  32° N, January–March) to high latitudes in summer (∼  52° N, August–September). The westerlies carry maximum loads of non-sea-salt sulfate, ammonium and organic matter in spring (March–May), of North American dust from midwinter to mid-spring (February–May) and of elemental carbon in summer (August–September). Our results suggest that a significant fraction of organic aerosols may be linked to sources other than combustion (e.g. biogenic); further studies are necessary for this topic. The present study suggests that long-term evolution of the aerosol composition in the North Atlantic free troposphere will be influenced by air quality policies and the use of soils (potential dust emitter) in North America.
El uso de las tecnologías de información como medio de alfabetización en las instituciones de educación de Honduras
Authors: Raudales García Nelson Roberto 
Published: June 2017

La era de las Nuevas Tecnologías de la información y comunicación (NTIC´s) han influenciado de diversas formas en la vida de los seres humanos, hoy en día es inevitable su aplicación y uso de tales herramientas para el desarrollo de actividades médicas, científicas, investigación e innovación en las diversas áreas del saber. Por consiguiente el uso de tales herramientas en la transferencia de conocimientos no queda separado del desarrollo de actividades aplicables en las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) para lograr trascender en la vida económica de las personas y/o en la inclusión de medidas orientadas a mejorar las políticas públicas.Asimismo, a nivel operativo de IES se vuelve imperante el reto que involucre a su personal en desempeñar el proceso de transformación y actualización académico-curricular docente, para lograr aprovechar al máximo tales propósitos sin desestimar en la medida de lo posible el establecimiento y aplicación de medios/políticas educativas que permitan a las IES incursionar eficientemente en tales iniciativas.Además, el personal docente encargado de los procesos de enseñanza y/o transferencia de conocimientos debe disponer de las habilidades que les permitan trascender, o estar dispuestos a lograr la asimilación de tales herramientas para los fines requeridos ello para adaptarse de manera progresiva y constante a los cambios que dicho fenómeno globalizante conlleva.
Quels déterminants de la prise de risque? Les réponses de l’économie expérimentale
Authors: Beaud Mickael , Willinger Marc 
Published: June 2017

Nous passons en revue les méthodes d’élicitation des préférences pour le risque avec incitations réelles, afin de mettre en évidence les principaux déterminants de la prise de risque identifiés grâce à ces méthodes. Dans un premier temps nous présentons l’état des connaissances quant à ces déterminants (le genre, l’âge et la richesse), et dans un second temps, nous mettons en avant deux domaines qui affectent la prise de risque et pour lesquels l’état des connaissances reste insuffisant : la présence de risque inassurable et l’interaction entre les préférences temporelles et les préférences pour le risque.
La question du vote. Expérimentations en laboratoire et In Situ
Authors: Igersheim Herrade , Baujard Antoinette , Laslier Jean-François 
Published: June 2017

Cet article est une revue de la littérature sur les expérimentations de vote qui étudient les comportements des votants et les propriétés des modes de scrutin. Tout d’abord, nous décrivons les expérimentations menées en laboratoire autour de trois aspects principaux : résultats agrégés selon le mode de scrutin, vote stratégique, paradoxe du vote. Nous abordons ensuite les expérimentations In Situ, typiques de l’étude expérimentale du vote, consistant à tester en marge d’élections officielles d’envergure des méthodes de vote alternatives. Nous étudions le protocole expérimental, deux enseignements généraux – l’accueil et les réactions des électeurs – ainsi que deux enseignements spécifiques – la comparaison des résultats agrégés et la description de l’offre politique telle que perçue par les électeurs.
Le jeu de l’ultimatum, une méta-analyse de 30 années de recherches expérimentales
Authors: Tisserand Jean-Christian 
Published: June 2017

Le jeu de l’ultimatum recense sans nul doute l’une des plus larges littératures expérimentales de ces trois dernières décennies. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons aux décisions des joueurs dans le jeu de l’ultimatum ainsi qu’aux variables explicatives susceptibles d’influencer la somme offerte. Nous réalisons une méta-analyse portant sur un total de 97 observations du jeu simple de l’ultimatum recueillies à travers 42 articles publiés entre 1983 et 2012. Alors que la prédiction théorique annonce que les offres du jeu de l’ultimatum devraient être nulles, nos résultats mettent en évidence que ce choix procure un gain espéré de 7,69 % de la somme en jeu pour le proposant. Alors que le gain espéré du proposant est à son maximum lorsque ce dernier offre 40 % de la somme à partager, la moyenne pondérée des offres formulées par les proposants de notre échantillon d’études s’établit à 41,04 %. Parmi les variables explicatives étudiées, seul le fait d’être un étudiant en économie présente un impact significatif sur les sommes offertes. Ce résultat va dans le sens de l’étude menée par Carter et Irons (1991).
L’évolution des Accords de Bâle : d’une approche microprudentielle à un cadre macroprudentiel
Authors: HENNANI Rachida 
Published: June 2017

La crise financière des subprimes a conduit les autorités prudentielles à repenser le cadre normatif des Accords de Bâle pour y inclure un volet macroprudentiel. Cette vision plus générale des risques doit permettre de pallier les insuffisances des Accords dits Bâle I et Bâle II, qui s’inscrivent exclusivement dans une vision microprudentielle des risques. Cet article analyse l’ajustement des Accords de Bâle pour faire face aux défis présentés par la crise de 2008. La récente évolution vers un cadre macroprudentiel est liée aux failles générées par la généralisation fallacieuse de l’évaluation individualisée des risques financiers. Le nouvel Accord (Bâle III) inclut une exigence en fonds propres pour des risques globaux. Néanmoins, les défis auxquels sont confrontées les autorités de régulation restent nombreux.
Focus expansion and stability of the spread parameter estimate of the power law model for dispersal gradients
Authors: Ojiambo Peter S. , Gent David H. , Mehra Lucky K. , Christie David , Magarey Roger 
Published: June 2017

Empirical and mechanistic modeling indicate that pathogens transmitted via aerially dispersed inoculum follow a power law, resulting in dispersive epidemic waves. The spread parameter (b) of the power law model, which is an indicator of the distance of the epidemic wave front from an initial focus per unit time, has been found to be approximately 2 for several animal and plant diseases over a wide range of spatial scales under conditions favorable for disease spread. Although disease spread and epidemic expansion can be influenced by several factors, the stability of the parameter b over multiple epidemic years has not been determined. Additionally, the size of the initial epidemic area is expected to be strongly related to the final epidemic extent for epidemics, but the stability of this relationship is also not well established. Here, empirical data of cucurbit downy mildew epidemics collected from 2008 to 2014 were analyzed using a spatio-temporal model of disease spread that incorporates logistic growth in time with a power law function for dispersal. Final epidemic extent ranged from 4.16 ×108 km2 in 2012 to 6.44 ×108 km2 in 2009. Current epidemic extent became significantly associated (P < 0.0332; 0.56 < R2 < 0.99) with final epidemic area beginning near the end of April, with the association increasing monotonically to 1.0 by the end of the epidemic season in July. The position of the epidemic wave-front became exponentially more distant with time, and epidemic velocity increased linearly with distance. Slopes from the temporal and spatial regression models varied with about a 2.5-fold range across epidemic years. Estimates of b varied substantially ranging from 1.51 to 4.16 across epidemic years. We observed a significant b ×time (or distance) interaction (P < 0.05) for epidemic years where data were well described by the power law model. These results suggest that the spread parameter b may not be stable over multiple epidemic years. However, b ≈ 2 may be considered the lower limit of the distance traveled by epidemic wave-fronts for aerially transmitted pathogens that follow a power law dispersal function.
Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Study on the Photoreactions of Dark‐ and Light‐Adapted States of a Blue‐Light YtvA LOV Photoreceptor
Authors: Chang Xue‐Ping , Gao Yuan‐Jun , Fang Wei‐Hai , Cui Ganglong , Thiel Walter 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe dark‐ and light‐adapted states of YtvA LOV domains exhibit distinct excited‐state behavior. We have employed high‐level QM(MS‐CASPT2)/MM calculations to study the photochemical reactions of the dark‐ and light‐adapted states. The photoreaction from the dark‐adapted state starts with an S1→T1 intersystem crossing followed by a triplet‐state hydrogen transfer from the thiol to the flavin moiety that produces a diradical intermediate, and a subsequent internal conversion that triggers a barrierless C−S bond formation in the S0 state. The energy profiles for these transformations are different for the four conformers of the dark‐adapted state considered. The photochemistry of the light‐adapted state does not involve the triplet state: photoexcitation to the S1 state triggers C−S bond cleavage followed by recombination in the S0 state; both these processes are essentially barrierless and thus ultrafast. The present work offers new mechanistic insights into the photoresponse of flavin‐containing blue‐light photoreceptors.
An Intrinsically Stretchable and Compressible Supercapacitor Containing a Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Electrolyte
Authors: Huang Yan , Zhong Ming , Shi Fukuan , Liu Xiaoying , Tang Zijie , Wang Yukun , Huang Yang , Hou Haoqing , Xie Xuming , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStretchability and compressibility of supercapacitors is an essential element of modern electronics, such as flexible, wearable devices. Widely used polyvinyl alcohol‐based electrolytes are neither very stretchable nor compressible, which fundamentally limits the realization of supercapacitors with high stretchability and compressibility. A new electrolyte that is intrinsically super‐stretchable and compressible is presented. Vinyl hybrid silica nanoparticle cross‐linkers were introduced into polyacrylamide hydrogel backbones to promote dynamic cross‐linking of the polymer networks. These cross‐linkers serve as stress buffers to dissipate energy when strain is applied, providing a solution to the intrinsically low stretchability and compressibility shortcomings of conventional supercapacitors. The newly developed supercapacitor and electrolyte can be stretched up to an unprecedented 1000 % strain with enhanced performance, and compressed to 50 % strain with good retention of the initial performance.
The Covalent Functionalization of Layered Black Phosphorus by Nucleophilic Reagents
Authors: Sofer Zdeněk , Luxa Jan , Bouša Daniel , Sedmidubský David , Lazar Petr , Hartman Tomáš , Hardtdegen Hilde , Pumera Martin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLayered black phosphorus has been attracting great attention due to its interesting material properties which lead to a plethora of proposed applications. Several approaches are demonstrated here for covalent chemical modifications of layered black phosphorus in order to form P−C and P‐O‐C bonds. Nucleophilic reagents are highly effective for chemical modification of black phosphorus. Further derivatization approaches investigated were based on radical reactions. These reagents are not as effective as nucleophilic reagents for the surface covalent modification of black phosphorus. The influence of covalent modification on the electronic structure of black phosphorus was investigated using ab initio calculations. Covalent modification exerts a strong effect on the electronic structure including the change of band‐gap width and spin polarization.
Tuning the Surface Polarity of Microporous Organic Polymers for CO2 Capture
Authors: Chen Jian , Li He , Zhong Mingmei , Yang Qihua 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCO2 capture is very important to reduce the CO2 concentration in atmosphere. Herein, we report the preparation of microporous polymers with tunable surface polarity for CO2 capture. Porous polymers functionalized with ‐NH2, ‐SO3H, and ‐SO3Li have been successfully prepared by using a post‐synthesis modification of microporous polymers (P‐PhPh3 prepared with 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene as the monomer and AlCl3 as the catalyst) by chemical transformations, such as nitration–reduction, sulfonation, and cationic exchange. The CO2 adsorption selectivity (CO2/N2 and CO2/H2) and isosteric heats of the microporous polymers increase markedly after modification, P‐PhPh3‐NH2 and P‐PhPh3‐SO3Li afford higher CO2 uptake capacity than P‐PhPh3 at pressures of less than 0.15 bar due to the enhanced interaction between CO2 and the ‐NH2 and ‐SO3Li functional groups. Moreover, functionalized porous polymers could be stably used for CO2 capture. Surface modification is an efficient approach to tune the CO2 capture properties of porous polymers.
Non‐Fragile Simultaneous Actuator and Sensor Fault‐Tolerant Control Design for Markovian Jump Systems Based on Adaptive Observer
Authors: Lu Dunke , Zeng Guohui , Liu Jin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a non‐fragile fault‐tolerant control strategy is developed for a class of Markovian jump systems against actuator and sensor faults. By taking the sensor fault as an augmented state, the original system is transformed into a descriptor one. Then, an adaptive observer is designed for the descriptor system to simultaneously estimate the states, actuator fault and sensor fault. Moreover, a non‐fragile fault‐tolerant controller is designed to stabilize the resulting closed‐loop system, by using the information of the actuator fault reconstruction. Owing to the non‐fragile property, this controller proves to be highly stable against its intrinsic perturbations. Sufficient conditions of the existence of the designed observer and fault‐tolerant controller are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a practical example of F‐404 aircraft is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.