bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prezidentas A. Smetona, Lėno ir Užulėnio Smetonos: genealoginė apžvalga
Authors: Smetona Marius , Smetonienė Anželika 
Published: September 2016

Apie prezidento A. Smetonos šeimą rašyta daug, tačiau paprastai visa informacija pateikiama atsižvelgiant į žmonių pasakojimus, atsiminimus, todėl neretai ji gali būti klaidingai interpretuojama. Prieš dvidešimt metų Lietuvių kalbos institute rastas ranka pieštas A. Smetonos genealoginis medis, kuris vėliau pavadintas anoniminiu. Straipsnio tikslas yra priskirti šiam medžiui autorystę ir apžvelgti A. Smetonos genealogiją remiantis rašytiniais šaltiniais – metrikomis, kurios atskleidžia daugumos prezidento gimtosiose apylinkėse gyvenusių Smetonų giminystės ryšius.
Frequency and predictors of estimated HIV transmissions and bacterial STI acquisition among HIV‐positive patients in HIV care across three continents
Authors: Safren Steven A , Hughes James P , Mimiaga Matthew J , Moore Ayana T , Friedman Ruth Khalili , Srithanaviboonchai Kriengkrai , Limbada Mohammed , Williamson Brian D , Elharrar Vanessa , Cummings Vanessa , Magidson Jessica F , Gaydos Charlotte A , Celentano David D , Mayer Kenneth H ,   for the HPTN063 Study Team
Published: September 2016

IntroductionSuccessful global treatment as prevention (TasP) requires identifying HIV‐positive individuals at high risk for transmitting HIV, and having impact via potential infections averted. This study estimated the frequency and predictors of numbers of HIV transmissions and bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition among sexually active HIV‐positive individuals in care from three representative global settings.MethodsHIV‐positive individuals (n=749), including heterosexual men, heterosexual women and men who have sex with men (MSM) in HIV care, were recruited from Chiang Mai (Thailand), Rio De Janeiro (Brazil) and Lusaka (Zambia). Participants were assessed on HIV and STI sexual transmission risk variables, psychosocial characteristics and bacterial STIs at enrolment and quarterly for 12 months (covering 15 months). Estimated numbers of HIV transmissions per person were calculated using reported numbers of partners and sex acts together with estimates of HIV transmissibility, accounting for ART treatment and condom use.ResultsAn estimated 3.81 (standard error, (SE)=0.63) HIV transmissions occurred for every 100 participants over the 15 months, which decreased over time. The highest rate was 19.50 (SE=1.68) for every 100 MSM in Brazil. In a multivariable model, country×risk group interactions emerged: in Brazil, MSM had 2.85 (95% CI=1.45, 4.25, p<0.0001) more estimated transmissions than heterosexual men and 3.37 (95% CI=2.01, 4.74, p<0.0001) more than heterosexual women over the 15 months. For MSM and heterosexual women, the combined 12‐month STI incidence rate for the sample was 22.4% (95% CI=18.1%, 27.3%; incidence deemed negligible in heterosexual men). In the multivariable model, MSM had 12.3 times greater odds (95% CI=4.44, 33.98) of acquiring an STI than women, but this was not significant in Brazil. Higher alcohol use on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (OR=1.04, 95% CI=1.01, 1.08) was also significantly associated with increased STI incidence. In bivariate models for both HIV transmissions and STI incidence, higher depressive symptoms were significant predictors.ConclusionsThese data help to estimate the potential number of HIV infections transmitted and bacterial STIs acquired over time in patients established in care, a group typically considered at lower transmission risk, and found substantial numbers of estimated HIV transmissions. These findings provide an approach for evaluating the impact (in phase 2 studies) and potentially cost‐effectiveness of global TasP efforts.
Tearing-off method based on single carbon nanocoil for liquid surface tension measurement
Authors: Wang Peng , Pan Lujun , Deng Chenghao , Li Chengwei 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A single carbon nanocoil (CNC) is used as a highly sensitive mechanical sensor to measure the surface tension coefficient of deionized water and alcohol in the tearing-off method. The error can be constrained to within 3.8%. Conversely, the elastic spring constant of a CNC can be accurately measured using a liquid, and the error is constrained to within 3.2%. Compared with traditional methods, the CNC is used as a ring and a sensor at the same time, which may simplify the measurement device and reduce error, also all measurements can be performed under a very low liquid dosage owing to the small size of the CNC.
Identify potential drugs for cardiovascular diseases caused by stress-induced genes in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Huang Chien-Hung , Ciou Jin-Shuei , Chen Shun-Tsung , Kok Victor C. , Chung Yi , Tsai Jeffrey J. P. , Kurubanjerdjit Nilubon , Huang Chi-Ying F. , Ng Ka-Lok 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAbnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Many studies suggest that vascular injury triggers VSMC dedifferentiation, which results in VSMC changes from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear.MethodsIn this study, we examined how VSMC responds under mechanical stress by using time-course microarray data. A three-phase study was proposed to investigate the stress-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in VSMC. First, DEGs were identified by using the moderated t-statistics test. Second, more DEGs were inferred by using the Gaussian Graphical Model (GGM). Finally, the topological parameters-based method and cluster analysis approach were employed to predict the last batch of DEGs. To identify the potential drugs for vascular diseases involve VSMC proliferation, the drug-gene interaction database, Connectivity Map (cMap) was employed. Success of the predictions were determined using in-vitro data, i.e. MTT and clonogenic assay.ResultsBased on the differential expression calculation, at least 23 DEGs were found, and the findings were qualified by previous studies on VSMC. The results of gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the most often found enriched biological processes are cell-cycle-related processes. Furthermore, more stress-induced genes, well supported by literature, were found by applying graph theory to the gene association network (GAN). Finally, we showed that by processing the cMap input queries with a cluster algorithm, we achieved a substantial increase in the number of potential drugs with experimental IC50 measurements. With this novel approach, we have not only successfully identified the DEGs, but also improved the DEGs prediction by performing the topological and cluster analysis. Moreover, the findings are remarkably validated and in line with the literature. Furthermore, the cMap and DrugBank resources were used to identify potential drugs and targeted genes for vascular diseases involve VSMC proliferation. Our findings are supported by in-vitro experimental IC50, binding activity data and clinical trials.ConclusionThis study provides a systematic strategy to discover potential drugs and target genes, by which we hope to shed light on the treatments of VSMC proliferation associated diseases.
An early bothremydid (Testudines, Pleurodira) from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Utah, North America
Authors: Joyce Walter G. , Lyson Tyler R. , Kirkland James I. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundBothremydidae is a clade of extinct pleurodiran turtles known from the Cretaceous to Paleogene of Africa, Europe, India, Madagascar, and North and South America. The group is most diverse during the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene of Africa. Little is known, however, about the early evolution of the group.MethodsWe here figure and describe a fossil turtle from early Late Cretaceous deposits exposed at MacFarlane Mine in Cedar Canyon, southwestern Utah, USA. The sediments associated with the new turtle are utilized to infer its stratigraphic provenience and the depositional settings in which it was deposited. The fossil is compared to previously described fossil pleurodires, integrated into a modified phylogenetic analysis of pelomedusoid turtles, and the biogeography of bothremydid turtles is reassessed. In light of the novel phylogenetic hypotheses, six previously established taxon names are converted to phylogenetically defined clade names to aid communication.ResultsThe new fossil turtle can be inferred with confidence to have originated from a brackish water facies within the late Cenomanian Culver Coal Zone of the Naturita Formation. The fossil can be distinguished from all other previously described pleurodires and is therefore designated as a new taxon,Paiutemys tibertgen. et. sp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis places the new taxon as sister to the EuropeanPolysternon provinciale,Foxemys trabantiandFoxemys mechinorumat the base of Bothremydinae. Biogeographic analysis suggests that bothremydids originated as continental turtles in Gondwana, but that bothremydines adapted to near-shore marine conditions and therefore should be seen as having a circum-Atlantic distribution.
Early-Life Risk Factors for Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Carotid Stiffness in Adolescence
Authors: van der Linden Isabelle A. , Roodenburg Rozan , Nijhof Sanne L. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Venekamp Roderick P. , van der Laan Sabine E. I. , Schipper Henk S. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceAtherogenesis starts during childhood, making childhood and adolescence an important window of opportunity to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease later in life.ObjectiveTo identify early-life risk factors for preclinical atherosclerosis in adolescence.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study is part of the ongoing Wheezing Illness Study in Leidsche Rijn (WHISTLER) prospective birth cohort study, which includes 3005 healthy newborns born between December 2001 and December 2012 in the Leidsche Rijn area of Utrecht, the Netherlands. Eligible participants included those from the WHISTLER cohort who visited the clinic between March 2019 and October 2020 for adolescent follow-up. This study’s analyses were performed in January 2024.ExposuresEarly-life growth was assessed at birth to 6 months, 5 years, and 12 to 16 years. Abdominal ultrasonography determined abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) depth. Blood pressure (BP) percentiles and body mass index (BMI) z scores were used.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCarotid ultrasonography was performed at age 12 to 16 years to assess carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and the distensibility coefficient (DC), established measures of preclinical atherosclerosis. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify early-life risk factors for cIMT and DC in adolescence.ResultsIn total, 232 adolescents (median [IQR] age, 14.9 [13.7-15.8] years; 121 female [52.2%]) were included. More postnatal weight gain (B = 12.34; 95% CI, 2.39 to 22.39), higher systolic BP at 5 years (B = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.02 to 1.01), more VAT at 5 years (B = 3.48; 95% CI, 1.55 to 5.40), and a larger change in VAT between 5 and 12 to 16 years (B = 3.13; 95% CI, 1.87 to 4.39) were associated with a higher cIMT in adolescence. A higher BMI (B = −2.70, 95% CI,−4.59 to −0.80) and VAT at 5 years (B = −0.56; 95% CI, −0.87 to −0.25), as well as a larger change in BMI between 5 and 12 to 16 years (B = −3.63; 95% CI, −5.66 to −1.60) were associated with a higher carotid stiffness in adolescence. On the contrary, a larger change in SAT between 5 and 12 to 16 years (B = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.58) was associated with a higher carotid DC in adolescence.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of 232 participants, early-life growth parameters, and particularly abdominal VAT development, were associated with a higher cIMT and carotid stiffness in adolescence. These findings suggest that assessment of adipose tissue development during childhood can aid characterization of lifetime risk trajectories and tailoring of cardiovascular prevention and risk management strategies.
Thermoplastic Elastomers and Their Physical Gels Electrospun into Tunable Microfibrous Nonwoven Mats: Structure Formation and Property Enhancement
Authors: Shamsi Mohammad , Wells Kacie M. , Yan Jiaqi , Dickey Michael D. , Spontak Richard J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) based on styrenic block copolymers constitute excellent examples of self‐networking macromolecules that are employed in a wide range of contemporary technologies as molded parts. In such applications, these TPEs exist as dense (nonporous) films or other shapes. Here, it is first demonstrated that a series of commercial TPEs possessing comparable compositions can be electrospun from solution to form microfibers that are arranged into nonwoven mats that are breathable. An important consideration for microfiber formation is the copolymer molecular weight, which regulates i) the viscosity of the parent solution prior to electrospinning, ii) the ability of these copolymers to self‐assemble during electrospinning, iii) the microfiber morphology, and iv) the mechanical properties of the resultant microfibers. The addition of a midblock‐selective aliphatic oil to these TPEs yields thermoplastic elastomer gels (TPEGs), wherein the copolymer morphology and mechanical properties become highly composition‐tunable. Electrospinning TPEGs from a binary oil+solvent solution introduces a micelle inversion mechanism that begins with an oil‐rich micellar core and ends with a styrene‐rich micellar core, required for network stabilization, as the solvent dries during microfiber solidification. This work has implications for the production of controllably low‐modulus microfibrous materials possessing modestly improved toughness but exceptional extensibility and enhanced optical transparency.
Two‐Junction Model in Different Percolation Regimes of Silver Nanowires Networks
Authors: Diaz Schneider Juan Ignacio , Quinteros Cynthia P. , Levy Pablo , Martínez Eduardo D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRandom networks offer fertile ground for achieving complexity and criticality, both crucial for an unconventional computing paradigm inspired by biological brains' features. In this work, characterizing and modeling different electrical transport regimes of self‐assemblies of silver nanowires (AgNWs) are focused. As percolation plays an essential role in such a scenario, a broad range of areal density coverage is examined. Close‐to‐percolation realizations (usually used to demonstrate neuromorphic computing capabilities) have high pristine resistance and require an electrical activation. Until now, highly conductive over‐percolated systems (commonly used in electrode fabrication technology) have not been thoroughly considered for hardware‐based neuromorphic applications, even though biological systems exhibit such an extremely high degree of interconnections. Here, it is shown that high current densities in over‐percolated low‐resistance AgNW networks induce a fuse‐type process, allowing a switching operation. Such electro‐fusing discriminates between weak and robust NW‐to‐NW links and enhances the role of filamentary junctions. Their reversible resistive switching enable different conductive paths exhibiting linear I–V features. Both percolation regimes are experimentally studied and proposed a model comprising two types of junctions that can describe, through numerical simulations, the overall behavior and observed phenomenology. These findings reveal a potential interplay of functionalities of neuromorphic systems and transparent electrodes.
Molecular Engineering of Donor/π‐Bridge Enables High‐Efficiency and Long‐Lifetime Near‐Infrared TADF‐OLEDs
Authors: Dai Yu , Xu Jingyi , Lei Xiongyan , Meng Qing‐Yu , Qiao Juan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe development of high‐efficiency near‐infrared (NIR) organic emitters has been severely constrained by strong and unavoidable non‐radiative decay governed by the “energy gap law”, which leads to low emission efficiencies and limited options for molecular design. Herein, comparative studies are performed on six‐ and five‐membered π‐bridge and a novel benzo[b]thiophene‐based donor is designed through elaborate molecular engineering, which outperforms widely‐used triphenylamine derivatives in constructing NIR thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters. The benzo[b]thiophene donor/π‐bridge endows the newly synthesized molecule tBTAP with multiple advantages, including longer emission wavelength and enhanced oscillator strength compared with thiophene‐free triphenylamine donor, and suppressed high‐frequency vibrations compared with thiophene‐inserted donor. Consequently, tBTAP doped and nondoped films display pure NIR emission at peak wavelengths of 795 nm and 854 nm with state‐of‐the‐art photoluminescence quantum yields of 17.9 ± 0.3% and 4.6 ± 0.4%. The corresponding NIR OLEDs demonstrate record‐high maximum external quantum efficiencies of 3.64% (796 nm) and 1.20% (867 nm). Most importantly, nondoped device exhibits record‐long operational lifetime (LT97) of over 2150 h at 10 mA cm−2 for NIR OLEDs. This study signifies an advance in molecular engineering by designing alternative donor/π‐bridge structure, breaking through the bottleneck in developing high‐performance NIR organic emitters and devices toward practical applications.
Potential‐Driven Porous Red Phosphorus‐Powered Fully Integrated Arrays for High‐Throughput Photoelectrochemical Aptasensing
Authors: Liu Lingbo , Hao Junxing , Wu Kangbing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRed phosphorus (RP), as a talented semiconductor, is widely employed in the field of photocatalysis owing to its superior stability and optical properties. However, RP's inherent poor conductivity and rapid carriers’ recombination significantly impede its efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications. Herein, non‐homogeneous porous RP particles (NPRPs) are prepared via a ball milling‐assisted hydrothermal strategy, which provides more chemical reaction sites and fast carriers transportation rates for sensitive PEC sensing. Experiments and computational findings reveal that NPRPs incorporating oxygen doping possess staggered energy band structures along with potential driving forces, which synergistically promote the separation and migration of carriers. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes are introduced to bridge the NPRPs for constructing a conductive network, and a uniform and fully‐integrated photoelectrode array is custom‐made in batches through zonal template‐filtration. As an illustration, aptamer‐mediated PEC sensors for trace amoxicillin (AMO, an artificial antibiotic) in various samples exhibit ultra‐high sensitivity (0.43 nm) and robust selectivity. Such a PEC aptasensing prototype based on NPRPs arrays, with tunable detection throughput, holds great potential for rapid and on‐site screening of massive specimens. More meaningfully, this study offers an innovative paradigm for elemental semiconductors to efficiently transport carriers in the photoelectrocatalytic applications.
Antimicrobial Biomaterials Based on Physical and Physicochemical Action
Authors: Nowotnick Adrian G. , Xi Zhongqian , Jin Zhaorui , Khalatbarizamanpoor Sadaf , Brauer Delia S. , Löffler Bettina , Jandt Klaus D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeveloping effective antimicrobial biomaterials is a relevant and fast‐growing field in advanced healthcare materials. Several well‐known (e.g., traditional antibiotics, silver, copper etc.) and newer (e.g., nanostructured, chemical, biomimetic etc.) approaches have been researched and developed in recent years and valuable knowledge has been gained. However, biomaterials associated infections (BAIs) remain a largely unsolved problem and breakthroughs in this area are sparse. Hence, novel high risk and potential high gain approaches are needed to address the important challenge of BAIs. Antibiotic free antimicrobial biomaterials that are largely based on physical action are promising, since they reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance and tolerance. Here, selected examples are reviewed such antimicrobial biomaterials, namely switchable, protein‐based, carbon‐based and bioactive glass, considering microbiological aspects of BAIs. The review shows that antimicrobial biomaterials mainly based on physical action are powerful tools to control microbial growth at biomaterials interfaces. These biomaterials have major clinical and application potential for future antimicrobial healthcare materials without promoting microbial tolerance. It also shows that the antimicrobial action of these materials is based on different complex processes and mechanisms, often on the nanoscale. The review concludes with an outlook and highlights current important research questions in antimicrobial biomaterials.
The Efficient Coupling between MgAlTi Layered Double Hydroxides and Graphitic Carbon Nitride Boosts Vis Light‐Assisted Photocatalytic NOx Removal
Authors: Marín Laura , Benedet Mattia , Maccato Chiara , Rizzi Gian Andrea , Lebedev Oleg I. , Pavlovic Ivana , Sánchez Luis , Barreca Davide 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAtmospheric pollution has been recognized as a primary global emergency, especially in large cities and industrial areas. Among the most common harmful pollutants, nitrogen oxides (NOx) are responsible for a plethora of adverse effects, and their effective elimination from air has become an imperative task. In this regard, photocatalysis stands as an attractive technology for NOx degradation, provided that low‐cost and efficient visible ‐light photocatalysts are developed. In this regard, the construction of heterojunctions between energy band‐matched semiconductors is an effective strategy to boost the ultimate material photoactivity. In the present study, green heterocomposites based on MgAlTi layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) are prepared using an amenable and cost‐effective route. A proper modulation of the system characteristics, as demonstrated by a comprehensive investigation, enabled to obtain very attractive DeNOx performances thanks to the efficient construction of MgAlTi/gCN heterojunctions with tailored features. The formation of the target heterocomposites significantly enhances the visible light photoactivity of the pristine LDH, boosting nitrogen monoxide transformation to nitrites/nitrates with a remarkable recycling stability. Overall, the presently reported results open the door to a profitable system exploitation for air purification under real‐world conditions, with considerable impact on both human wellbeing and environmental protection.