bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vem tvångsvårdas? Utmärkande drag för tvångsvårdade respektive frivilligt vårdade personer med alkohol- och narkotikaproblem
Authors: Storbjörk Jessica 
Published: December 2017

J. Storbjörk: Who is in compulsory treatment? Charasteristics for compulsory treated and voluntary treated persons misusing alcohol and drugs The article studies what characterized those committed to compulsory treatment (CT) according to the Care of Alcoholics, Drug abusers and Abusers of Volatile Solvents (Special Provision) Act as compared to those in voluntary treatment in Stockholm County 2001–2002. The aim is to analyze who is in CT by studying which client characteristics (sex, age, drug of choice, consumption, route of administration, social situation, physical health, incl. municipality) are associated with CT. Responses from 361 CT-clients who were interviewed with DOK (Documentation of Clients) are compared to comparable responses from 1772 clients in voluntary treatment from the study Women and Men in Swedish Alcohol and Drug Treatment. Bivariate and multivariate analyses show that the two groups differ significantly in many respects. Clients in CT are younger, report more frequent consumption of their main drug of choice and an inferior social situation (housing, livelihood). An analysis of interaction terms shows that old alcohol misusers are less likely to be in CT than young drug misusers. Women are not more likely to be in CT than men. However, CT was more often used for women, but not for men, with children under the age of 18 or who were living with another misuser.
Escapes from compulsory treatment
Authors: Svensson Bengt 
Published: December 2017

B. Svensson: Escapes from compulsory treatment Aims The aim of this article is to describe and analyse the escape as a phenomenon in compulsory treatment of people with drug addiction. The primary research questions are: Why do the clients want to escape? What escape possibilities are available in different stations of the treatment? How are escapes planned and accomplished? What do the absconders do during the escape? How do they avoid getting caught? What are the health risks for the clients in connection with escapes? In what ways are escapes a problem in compulsory treatment? Methods The study is based upon semi-structured interviews with 74 clients (38 women) at four LVM-homes, two for men, two for women. In addition to the interviews, the author also conducted informal conversations with both personnel and clients and carried out extensive observations of the conditions of compulsory treatment. Results The clients make preparations in order to make the escapes as successful as possible. The fight is connected with feelings of excitement but also with the fear of getting caught before the primary aim(s) of the escape has been accomplished, namely to get high on drugs and to meet friends and partners. During their stay outside the institution, help from the client's personal network is important in order to get a secure place to stay, food and money. Almost all clients describe that, during the escape, they return to a similar pattern of the drug and risk-taking behaviour they had before they were put into compulsory treatment. Conclusions When people with drug addiction are locked in for treatment they often show resistance and wish to regain control. Escapes are an unavoidable feature of compulsory treatment as eventually locked doors have to be opened in order to prepare the clients for life outside the institutions. It would seem that the best way to reduce the amount of escapes is to make the treatment as meaningful as possible for the clients.
Gendered discourse in Swedish national alcohol policy action plans 1965–2007: Invisible men and problematic women
Authors: Abrahamson Maria , Heimdahl Karin 
Published: December 2017

M. Abrahamson & K. Heimdahl: Gendered discourse in Swedish national alcohol policy action plans 1965-2007: Invisible men and problematic women In a critical discourse analysis of Swedish alcohol policy action plans, we have compared five different documents between 1965–2007 to examine problems with and reasons for women's and men's drinking, and recommendations for policy actions. The results display a hierarchical logic between the genders. During the early years, men's drinking is implicitly constituted as the norm. A basic tenet is that female and male drinking are the same. Women may drink less, but their drinking is not of a different character. It is highly exceptional to make a separation between men's and women's drinking. In later documents, however, the separation of these spheres results in female drinking being depicted as more problematic because of women's more vulnerable condition and individual psychological reasons. In order to highlight female drinking problems, male drinking is being erased from the picture and constructed in a positive contrast. As a consequence, men's drinking is normalised. Finally, in the most recent documents, attention has exceedingly shifted to women as containers of the foetus and to young women's and girls’ sexual behaviour and psychiatric problems.
Artikel
Authors: Anderberg Mats , Dahlberg Mikael 
Published: December 2017

Between simplification and complexity – structured interviews and treatment results in substance abuse treatment AIM The article draws on an empirical case study to analyse and discuss the application of structured interviews in evaluating outcomes of substance abuse treatment. METHODS The empirical example, a follow-up study, is based on the structured interview DOK (a Swedish interview instrument similar to the ASI) with 39 clients at an inpatient substance abuse treatment unit, at intake and six months after completed treatment. Changes in self-reported data were analysed between intake and follow-up. The analyses differentiate between subjective client estimations and verifiable data. This is followed by an analysis of individual variations in changes of alcohol and drug use. RESULTS The study shows how it is possible within a sample from a local treatment unit to illustrate relatively big changes on a group level in some of the objective, verifiable variables. Further, depending on the time period (last 30 days or last 6 months), the clients reported significantly differently on their use of the primary drug of abuse. At group level, there was a reduction of self-reported problems within all life areas. There were indications of some relation between verifiable variables and estimation variables. All clients reported, however, that their estimated problems in all life areas persisted to a relatively high degree at follow-up. In order to further point at individual variations in the patterns of change, the results of three different verifiable variables within the area of Alcohol and drugs are reported. The share of positive treatment results vary between 13–64 %, depending on definition and operationalisation. CONCLUSIONS The study is an example of an analytical model that can be applied in a local treatment unit with data from structured interviews. The results illustrate the problems with using questions about alcohol and drug use only for the last 30 days in follow-up studies. The results also indicate that subjective evaluations have no self-evident relation to reported changes within one life area. It is thus problematic to use a self-reported problem as an outcome measure or mix this measure with other outcome data.
Where Do Adolescents Get Drunk?
Authors: Storvoll Elisabet E. , Rossow Ingeborg , Pape Hilde 
Published: December 2017

E. E. Storvoll & I. Rossow & H. Pape: Where do adolescents get drunk? A study of the relative importance of various drinking locations among Norwegian adolescents To curb the harmful consequences of drunkenness among adolescents, it may be useful to know where they usually drink to the point of intoxication. We have analysed data from a school survey among 14–17 year-old Norwegians in 2005 to shed light on this issue (n=13 399). We assessed the prevalence of getting drunk at various locations and estimated the relative importance of various locations (i.e., the proportion of the total number of episodes of getting drunk that had taken place in various locations). About half of the episodes of getting drunk occurred in private homes. Although the respondents were too young to drink at licensed premises, about one in ten episodes took place in such locations. Relatively few episodes occurred at social events at school or in connection with organized leisure activities. The relative importance of the various locations varied with age and frequency of intoxication, whereas gender differences were less pronounced. Implications for prevention and further research are discussed.
Conceptual Problems with Studies of the Social Cost of Alcohol and Drug Use
Authors: Melberg Hans Olav 
Published: December 2017

H. O. Melberg: Conceptual problems with studies of the social cost of alcohol and drug use Existing studies of the social cost of substance abuse give very different answers. Part of the reason for the differences is that the contributions differ in their definition of costs and the types of costs that are included or excluded from the study. Closer attention to the concept of cost employed in these studies also reveals some weaknesses with many of the existing studies. The policy relevant concept of cost necessarily implies a comparison between all realistically expected consequences (both positive and negative) of two policy alternatives and many cost studies do not use the concept of cost in this way. Finally, it is argued that cost estimates in this area cannot be neutral or scientific because the results depend on our views on when a choice can be characterized as voluntary and rational, how we deal with the problem of inconsistent preferences, and which preferences we consider to be legitimate. Since there is no agreed consensus on these issues, the cost estimate necessarily becomes subjective.
A New Alcohol Environment
Authors: Karlsson Thomas , Mäkelä Pia , Österberg Esa , Tigerstedt Christoffer 
Published: December 2017

■ AIMS This article reports developments in the Finnish alcohol field from 1990 to 2010, focusing on changes and trends in alcohol consumption, drinking habits and alcohol-related harm. We pay special attention to changes in alcohol availability and alcohol policy and look at the factors behind changes in alcohol policies. The article will also discuss the current status and future prospects of alcohol policy and alcohol control as well as differences between Finland and the situation in the neighbouring countries with a similar alcohol monopoly. ■ METHODS Routinely collected statistical data on alcohol consumption and related harm as well as repeated cross-sectional representative population surveys will be reviewed, as will changes in alcohol policy and availability. ■ RESULTS Apart from the economic recession in the early 1990s, alcohol consumption and related harm have increased in Finland. Changes in alcohol consumption are mostly explained by changes in consumer incomes and alcohol policy measures. However, EU membership has restricted tightened alcohol control and given more room for private alcohol industry to affect alcohol policy. ■ CONCLUSIONS While increased alcohol-related harm has stopped the Finns from moving toward a more liberal alcohol policy, EU membership and private alcohol interests have made it considerably more difficult to combat alcohol-related harm with alcohol control measures.
Implementing an Ideology. A Case Study from Leicestershire, England
Authors: Cameron Douglas 
Published: December 2017

In the late 1970s, we established for the county of Leicestershire in England (pop. 850,000) what was then a highly innovative service for problem drinkers. It was based upon a number of core beliefs about the nature of people with alcohol problems and about what would be helpful for them. Most notably it rejected the concept of “alcoholism” and treated the clients (“customers”) at all times as being responsible and therefore able to make decisions about what would be helpful for them. It was a community based tiered service, non-abstinence oriented and client demand led. That system of intervention generated a burgeoning referral rate and there was evidence that compared with neighbouring similar counties, the service may have had a positive impact on the long term morbidity and mortality related to alcohol use. The data available were correlational and incomplete but were encouraging. Changes in the style of provision in the neighbouring counties and administrative and structural changes in health and social services nationally meant that it was not possible to continue the service in its comprehensive form, and tracking changes in the indirect indicators of alcohol problems became unfeasible. The natural experiment was terminated by factors beyond our control. Nonetheless, the service still exists, though in a truncated form. Its presence played a part in the development of the template for local alcohol service provision in Britain.
The Norwegian Substance Treatment Reform
Authors: Nesvaag Sverre , Lie Terje 
Published: December 2017

■ BACKGROUND In 2004, the responsibilities for all substance abuse treatment and rehabilitation services in Norway were transferred from the county level to the state owned regional healthcare enterprises. ■ AIM This reform, as many other European health reforms, was inspired by the same ideological and expert policy prescriptions for organizing public services. The aim of this paper is to analyze how these organizational principles influence the probability of services meeting the conditions of recognized prerequisites for a high quality of care. ■ DATA The paper builds on data from one national and two regional evaluations of the reform. ■ RESULTS The new organization principles have created a system of fragmented, linear transfer of responsibilities from one agency to the next, preventing the realization of fundamental preconditions for effective treatments of substance abuse. Initiatives of bottom-up organization are seen as attempts to counteract these consequences. ■ CONCLUSIONS There seems to be an inherent contradiction between the overall organization of healthcare and social services for substance abusers in Norway, and recognized preconditions for a high quality of care. Bottom-up organization is, to some degree an effective counteract in alleviating the consequences of this contradiction. Top-down and bottom-up organizing seems to have been established as two parallel forms of organizational development in the Norwegian substance treatment system.
Talking about end-of-life care in a timely manner
Authors: Smeenk Frank W.J.M. , Schrijver Laurien A. , van Bavel Hennie C.J. , van de Laar Eric F.J. 
Published: December 2017

In 2014, a group of physicians of the Catharina Hospital in Eindhoven (The Netherlands) started a project called “Talking about end-of-life care in a timely manner”. Just like others in the country, the Eindhoven group noticed that regularly, very frail elderly people were admitted to hospital in acute situations without there ever having been conversations about their wishes concerning treatment options at the end of life. The project aimed to prevent unnecessary admissions and treatments for these frail patients by stimulating physicians, patients and informal caregivers to start conversations about end-of-life care together at an earlier stage. The first phase of the project consisted of research: a study of the relevant literature on previous projects on the matter and a small empirical study in the Eindhoven region. This yielded as the most important causes of the delay of these conversations: the factors of timing (when is the right moment?), reserve (because of the potential emotional despair of the patient) and hope (who am I to rob a patient of their hope?).In the second phase of the project, several approaches were developed to help caregivers, patients and informal caregivers with the planning and execution of conversations about  end-of-life care. Meetings were organised for patients and informal caregivers to foster awareness and to provide information. For caregivers, information was provided (viasymposia and an app) and specifically designed training sessions were developed. The training sessions consist of reflection on the caregivers’ personal choices with regard to end-of-life care (research has shown that caregivers choose less intensive medical treatments at the end of life) and of practising with the known complicating factors of timing, reserve and hope, and the different ways of thinking and talking about death and dying (typology of death and dying).Educational aimsTo understand the importance of discussing end-of-life care preferences with your patients at the appropriate time.To become aware of the possible interfering factors of timing, reserve and hope in talking about end-of-life care.Key pointsUsing the Surprise Question may be a useful tool in determining the appropriate moment to discuss this with your patients.By talking with your patients about end-of-life care in a timely manner, unnecessary and unwanted treatment can be prevented.Constraints of doctors to implement this in their practice can be overcome by implementing a training session as described in this article.Collaboration between primary and secondary care on this issue is strongly recommended in order to assure the care continuum maximally.
Genome sequence of the model plant pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum SCC1
Authors: Niemi Outi , Laine Pia , Koskinen Patrik , Pasanen Miia , Pennanen Ville , Harjunpää Heidi , Nykyri Johanna , Holm Liisa , Paulin Lars , Auvinen Petri , Palva E. Tapio , Pirhonen Minna 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBacteria of the genus Pectobacterium are economically important plant pathogens that cause soft rot disease on a wide variety of plant species. Here, we report the genome sequence of Pectobacterium carotovorum strain SCC1, a Finnish soft rot model strain isolated from a diseased potato tuber in the early 1980’s. The genome of strain SCC1 consists of one circular chromosome of 4,974,798 bp and one circular plasmid of 5524 bp. In total 4451 genes were predicted, of which 4349 are protein coding and 102 are RNA genes.
Draft genome sequence of Dethiosulfovibrio salsuginis DSM 21565T an anaerobic, slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from a Colombian saline spring
Authors: Díaz-Cárdenas Carolina , López Gina , Alzate-Ocampo José David , González Laura N. , Shapiro Nicole , Woyke Tanja , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Restrepo Silvia , Baena Sandra 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA bacterium belonging to the phylum Synergistetes, genus Dethiosulfovibrio was isolated in 2007 from a saline spring in Colombia. Dethiosulfovibrio salsuginis USBA 82T (DSM 21565
T
= KCTC 5659
T
) is a mesophilic, strictly anaerobic, slightly halophilic, Gram negative bacterium with a diderm cell envelope. The strain ferments peptides, amino acids and a few organic acids. Here we present the description of the complete genome sequencing and annotation of the type species Dethiosulfovibrio salsuginis USBA 82T. The genome consisted of 2.68 Mbp with a 53.7% G + C. A total of 2609 genes were predicted and of those, 2543 were protein coding genes and 66 were RNA genes. We detected in USBA 82T genome six Synergistetes conserved signature indels (CSIs), specific for Jonquetella, Pyramidobacter and Dethiosulfovibrio. The genome of D. salsuginis contained, as expected, genes related to amino acid transport, amino acid metabolism and thiosulfate reduction. These genes represent the major gene groups of Synergistetes, related with their phenotypic traits, and interestingly, 11.8% of the genes in the genome belonged to the amino acid fermentation COG category. In addition, we identified in the genome some ammonification genes such as nitrate reductase genes. The presence of proline operon genes could be related to de novo synthesis of proline to protect the cell in response to high osmolarity. Our bioinformatics workflow included antiSMASH and BAGEL3 which allowed us to identify bacteriocins genes in the genome.
The effect of externalities on adoption of social customer relationship management (SCRM)
Authors: Gu Vicky , Davis Jonathan , Cao Ray , Vogt John 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe rise of social media technology has led to new customer relationship management tools that engage customers more easily and directly (social customer relationship management, SCRM). However, the usefulness of SCRM is contingent upon a successful adoption by an organization. Various technology adoption theoretical frameworks have been proposed for social media technologies generally, and for SCRM specifically. This paper extends the literature by exploring network externalities as a potential driver of SCRM adoption in organizations by surveying 363 supply chain professionals regarding their behaviors and uses of SCRM. The results suggest that network externalities have a substantial effect on adoption of SCRM in business organizations and that a perception of higher network externalities has a positive effect on adoption. This implies that organizations should select SCRM systems with better network externalities and also that they should educate their workforce about those strong network externalities leading up to the adoption.
Seven-Month Prostate-Specific Antigen Is Prognostic in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Treated With Androgen Deprivation With or Without Docetaxel
Authors: Harshman Lauren C. , Chen Yu-Hui , Liu Glenn , Carducci Michael A. , Jarrard David , Dreicer Robert , Hahn Noah , Garcia Jorge A. , Hussain Maha , Shevrin Daniel , Eisenberger Mario , Kohli Manish , Plimack Elizabeth R. , Cooney Matthew , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Picus Joel , Dipaola Robert , Sweeney Christopher J. ,   on behalf of the ECOG-ACRIN 3805 Investigators
Published: December 2017

Purpose We evaluated the relationship between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and overall survival in the context of a prospectively randomized clinical trial comparing androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) plus docetaxel with ADT alone for initial metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Methods We performed a landmark survival analysis at 7 months using the E3805 Chemohormonal Therapy Versus Androgen Ablation Randomized Trial for Extensive Disease in Prostate Cancer (CHAARTED) database ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00309985). Inclusion required at least 7 months of follow-up and PSA levels at 7 months from ADT initiation. We used the prognostic classifiers identified in a previously reported trial (Southwest Oncology Group 9346) of PSA ≤ 0.2, > 0.2 to 4, and > 4 ng/mL. Results Seven hundred nineteen of 790 patients were eligible for this subanalysis; 358 were treated with ADT plus docetaxel, and 361 were treated with ADT alone. Median follow-up time was 23.1 months. On multivariable analysis, achieving a 7-month PSA ≤ 0.2 ng/mL was more likely with docetaxel, low-volume disease, prior local therapy, and lower baseline PSAs (all P ≤ .01). Across all patients, median overall survival was significantly longer if 7-month PSA reached ≤ 0.2 ng/mL compared with > 4 ng/mL (median survival, 60.4 v 22.2 months, respectively; P < .001). On multivariable analysis, 7-month PSA ≤ 0.2 and low volume disease were prognostic of longer overall survival (all P < 0.01). The addition of docetaxel increased the likelihood of achieving a PSA ≤ 0.2 ng/mL at 7 months (45.3% v 28.8% of patients on ADT alone). Patients on ADT alone who achieved a 7-month PSA ≤ 0.2 ng/mL had the best survival and were more likely to have low-volume disease (56.7%). Conclusion PSA ≤ 0.2 ng/mL at 7 months is prognostic for longer overall survival with ADT for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer irrespective of docetaxel administration. Adding docetaxel increased the likelihood of a lower PSA and improved survival.