bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 9 Month Hubble Space Telescope Near-UV Survey of M87. II. A Strongly Enhanced Nova Rate near the Jet of M87
Authors: Lessing Alec M. , Shara Michael M. , Hounsell Rebekah , Mandel Shifra , Feder Nava , Sparks William 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The 135 classical novae that we have discovered in M87 with two Hubble Space Telescope imaging surveys appear to be strongly concentrated along that galaxy’s jet. Detailed simulations show that the likelihood that this distribution occurred by chance is of order 0.3%. The novae near the jet display outburst characteristics (peak luminosities, colors, and decline rates) that are indistinguishable from novae far from the jet. We explore whether the remarkable nova distribution could be caused by the jet’s irradiation of the hydrogen-rich donors in M87's cataclysmic binaries. This explanation, and others extant in the literature that rely on increased binary mass transfer rates, fail by orders of magnitude in explaining the enhanced nova rate near the jet. An alternate explanation is the presence of a genuine surplus of nova binary systems near the jet, perhaps due to jet-induced star formation. This explanation fails to explain the lack of nova enhancement along M87's counterjet. The enhanced rate of novae along M87's jet is now firmly established, and unexplained.
Reevaluation of the Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in Diffuse Clouds
Authors: Obolentseva M. , Ivlev A. V. , Silsbee K. , Neufeld D. A. , Caselli P. , Edenhofer G. , Indriolo N. , Bisbas T. G. , Lomeli D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
All current estimates of the cosmic-ray (CR) ionization rate rely on assessments of the gas density along the probed sight lines. Until now, these have been based on observations of different tracers, with C2 being the most widely used in diffuse molecular clouds for this purpose. However, dust extinction maps have recently reached sufficient accuracy to give an independent measurement of the gas density on parsec scales. In addition, they allow us to identify the gas clumps along each sight line, thus localizing the regions where CR ionization is probed. We reevaluate

H

3

+

observations, which are often considered as the most reliable method to measure the H2 ionization rate

ζ

H

2

in diffuse clouds. The peak density values derived from the extinction maps for 12 analyzed sight lines turn out to be, on average, an order of magnitude lower than the previous estimates and agree with the values obtained from revised analysis of C2 data. We use the extinction maps in combination with the 3d-pdr code to self-consistently compute the

H

3

+

and H2 abundances in the identified clumps for different values of

ζ

H

2

. For each sight line, we obtain the optimum value by comparing the simulation results with observations. We show that

ζ

H

2

is systematically reduced with respect to the earlier estimates by a factor of ≈9 on average, to ≈6 × 10−17 s−1, primarily as a result of the density reduction. We emphasize that these results have profound consequences for all available measurements of the ionization rate.
The Densities in Diffuse and Translucent Molecular Clouds: Estimates from Observations of C2 and from Three-dimensional Extinction Maps
Authors: Neufeld David A. , Welty Daniel E. , Ivlev Alexei V. , Caselli Paola , Edenhofer Gordian , Indriolo Nick , Obolentseva Marta , Silsbee Kedron , Sonnentrucker Paule , Wolfire Mark G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Newly computed collisional rate coefficients for the excitation of C2 in collisions with H2, presented recently by Najar & Kalugina, are significantly larger than the values adopted previously in models for the excitation of the C2 molecule, a widely used probe of the interstellar gas density. With these new rate coefficients, we have modeled the C2 rotational distributions inferred from visible and ultraviolet absorption observations of electronic transitions of C2 toward a collection of 46 nearby background sources. The inferred gas densities in the foreground interstellar clouds responsible for the observed C2 absorption are a factor 4–7 smaller than those inferred previously, a direct reflection of the larger collisional rate coefficients computed by Najar & Kalugina. These lower-density estimates are generally in good agreement with the peak densities inferred from 3D extinction maps for the relevant sight lines. In cases where

H

3

+

absorption has also been observed and used to estimate the cosmic-ray ionization rate (CRIR), our estimates of the latter will also decrease accordingly because the

H

3

+

abundance is a function of the ratio of the CRIR to the gas density.
JWST Observations of Starbursts: Massive Star Clusters in the Central Starburst of M82
Authors: Levy Rebecca C. , Bolatto Alberto D. , Mayya Divakara , Cuevas-Otahola Bolivia , Tarantino Elizabeth , Boyer Martha L. , Boogaard Leindert A. , Böker Torsten , Cronin Serena A. , Dale Daniel A. , Donaghue Keaton , Emig Kimberly L. , Fisher Deanne B. , Glover Simon C. O. , Herrera-Camus Rodrigo , Jiménez-Donaire María J. , Klessen Ralf S. , Lenkić Laura , Leroy Adam K. , De Looze Ilse , Meier David S. , Mills Elisabeth A. C. , Ott Juergen , Relaño Mónica , Veilleux Sylvain , Villanueva Vicente , Walter Fabian , van der Werf Paul P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a near-infrared (NIR) candidate star cluster catalog for the central kiloparsec of M82 based on new JWST NIRCam images. We identify star cluster candidates using the F250M filter, finding 1357 star cluster candidates with stellar masses >104
M
⊙. Compared to previous optical catalogs, nearly all (87%) of the candidates we identify are new. The star cluster candidates have a median intrinsic cluster radius of ≈1 pc and stellar masses up to 106
M
⊙. By comparing the color–color diagram to dust-free yggdrasil stellar population models, we estimate that the star cluster candidates have A

V
∼ 3−24 mag, corresponding to A
2.5μm ∼ 0.3−2.1 mag. There is still appreciable dust extinction toward these clusters into the NIR. We measure the stellar masses of the star cluster candidates, assuming ages of 0 and 8 Myr. The slope of the resulting cluster mass function is β = 1.9 ± 0.2, in excellent agreement with studies of star clusters in other galaxies.
Le CCUS : une composante clé de la décarbonation de l’industrie
Authors: Chevet Pierre-Franck , Le Ravalec Mickaele 
Published: September 2024

Entre 1990 et 2020, l’industrie française a baissé ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre de moitié, atteignant 73 Mt CO 2 /an, notamment en progressant sur l’efficacité énergétique. Cependant, un nouvel effort est requis : d’ici 2030, une réduction supplémentaire de 40 Mt est attendue, dont 6 grâce au CCS (capture et stockage du carbone). Récemment, l’implémentation de réglementations devant conduire à la neutralité carbone et l’augmentation des prix du CO 2 sur les marchés ont relancé le CCS et le CCU (capture et utilisation du carbone), identifiés comme des leviers stratégiques pour décarboner l’industrie. Bien que les coûts restent élevés, de multiples projets émergent, portés par des entreprises qui se rassemblent au sein de hubs.
Causal relationship between hypertension and ischemic stroke: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Li Yuhua , Pang Mengying , Yue Xuejing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a well-recognized risk factor for human health and has become a major cause of the global burden of disease over the past decades. Determining the correlation between hypertension and IS is important for the prevention of IS. In epidemiologic studies, researches have reported a strong association between hypertension and IS. However, there is a great deal of heterogeneity between these findings, and the strength of the two associations shows very different results in international studies. Here, we used genetic data to methodically assess the association between hypertension and the risk of IS using a Mendelian randomization (MR) framework. This study may provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis for the link between hypertension and IS.

METHODS:
We studied three hypertension traits including essential hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preexisting hypertension, in a two-sample MR method. Genetic susceptibility to each type of hypertension was explored for the association with the risk of small-vessel IS in data from the IEU-POENGWAS.

RESULTS:
We observed a strong association between essential hypertension with small-vessel IS. Our evidence from data-driven analyses further suggests that genetic susceptibility to gestational hypertension and preexisting hypertension are associated with the development of small-vessel IS. However, in multivariate analyses, these associations would be explained by congenital hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS:
Through our study, we further validated that hypertension is an individual risk factor for IS, with the risk of small-vessel IS increasing approximately 6-fold for every one standard deviation increase in essential hypertension.
Profiling of microglial-originated microvesicles to unearthing their lurking potential as potent foreseeable biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review
Authors: Kanuri Sri Harsha , Sirrkay Prapthi Jayesh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Alzheimer’s Disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by accumulation of phosphorylated tau and amyloid deposits within the brain tissues in the elderly population. Numerous studies established that amassment of these toxic accretions within the brain tissues initiates neuronal demise and synaptic impairment which becomes the underlying basis for memory loss and cognitive abnormalities in these patients.

HYPOTHESIS:
Hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation are commonly encountered perils in the neuronal milieu that derail the neuron-synapse interactions and maneuver them to undergo apoptosis. A spinoff from neuronal desecration is microglial activation which forms a cardinal role in mounting innate immune defenses for warding off and reversing off toxic stimulus encountered.

RESULTS:
A potential ramification of microglial activation in this context is assembly, processing and exuding of micro-vesicles into the extracellular space. These micro-vesicles will be packaged with amyloid and tau deposits which accumulate intracellularly within microglial cells secondary to their professional scavenging function. These microglial MVs are prone to seed tau and amyloid beta into the surrounding neuron-synapse framework, thus are implicated in spreading the disease pathology in AD.

CONCLUSIONS:
Therefore, these MVs can be considered as an omen for disease initiation, progression, monitoring as well gauging the treatment response in the clinical AD cohorts. We speculate future research studies to unmask the dormant potential of these microglial MVs as reliable markers for diagnosis, evaluating the disease progression as well as treatment in AD. This will open the door for early diagnosis of AD so as to prioritize management and optimize clinical outcomes..
Clinical and radiographic characteristics of traumatic brain injury patients undergoing endovascular rescue for posttraumatic vasospasm
Authors: Khatibi Kasra , Mejia Lucido Luciano Ponce , Saber Hamidreza , Kaneko Naoki , Tateshima Satoshi , Nour May , Colby Geoffrey Philip , Jahan Reza , Buitrago-Blanco Manual , Vespa Paul , Duckwiler Gary , Szeder Viktor 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Cerebral vasospasm is a serious sequela of traumatic brain injury (TBI) which leads to further neurologic injury subsequent to the initial trauma. The natural history and associated risk factors are not well understood. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic characteristics of patients with TBI.

METHODS:
This is a descriptive case series of all patients with TBI who underwent cerebral angiogram for evaluation and rescue therapy for posttraumatic arterial vasospasm (PTV) between October 2017 and November 2019. The association of clinical and radiographic characteristics with cumulative severity of angiographic vasospasm was evaluated. The clinical characteristics comprised of age, sex, Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) and need for surgery. The radiographic characteristics were presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), location of SAH, presence of contusion, presence of subdural hemorrhage (SDH), and presence of pseudoaneurysm.

RESULTS:
Twenty-two patients with PTV were identified requiring 69 cerebral angiograms (mean: 3.2; range: 1–9 angiograms per patient) during this period. The average age upon presentation was 40 years old, 81% of the patients were male sex, and the average GCS was 6.8. 67% of the patients underwent craniotomy or craniectomy. All patients had SAH, although only 60% had cisternal SAH. Parenchymal contusion was noted on 90% as well as SDH in 90%. The PTV was noted between 3 and 19 days after trauma. There was more vasospasm involving proximal arteries and higher severity of vasospasm in patients with cisternal SAH. Otherwise, there was no strong association between the clinical or radiographic characteristics and cumulative severity noted on the angiograms for each patient.

CONCLUSION:
Posttraumatic vasospasm can be detected as early as posttrauma day 3–19 in patients with TBI and SAH. The absence of cisternal SAH does not rule out the occurrence of the vasospasm during the course of treatment.
Optimizing a mouse model of exertional heat stroke to simulate multiorgan and brain injuries
Authors: Peng Yuliang , Fang Zongping , Li Jing , Jia Qi , Ma Hongwei , Li Ling , Wu You , Zhang Xijing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a clinical entity characterized by abnormalities of the central nervous system (CNS) and is associated with multiple organ injury, some of which may be irreversible. It is valuable to establish an optimized model of EHS that is able to induce and assess damage to the CNS and multiple organs.

METHODS:
We induced EHS by using an environmental chamber with adjustable temperature and humidity and a mice forced running wheel. The endpoint for the EHS was defined as either exhaustion or a core temperature of 42.5°C being reached. Injury to the liver, kidney, and CNS of mice in the EHS group was revealed through pathological studies using hematoxylin and eosin staining of harvested organs at different time points and detection of biomarkers. The depressive-like behavior of EHS mice was assessed through open field tests, forced swimming tests, and tail suspension tests.

RESULTS:
The favorable environmental conditions for induction of EHS based on this presented model are 38°C, 70% RH. The EHS mice developed thermoregulatory dysfunction and experienced a significantly higher weight loss ratio compared to the SHE (sham heat exercise) group. The liver, kidney, and brain tissues of EHS mice were significantly damaged, and the pathological damage scores for each organ were significantly higher than those of the SHE group. In the open field test (OFT), compared to the SHE group, there was a significant reduction in the number and time of EHS mice entering the center of the open field. Additionally, there was a significant increase in immobile time during forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST).

CONCLUSION:
This study presents an improved animal model that has the potential to assess for neurological and multiple organ injury caused by EHS and simultaneously, while accurately reflecting the clinical characteristics observed in EHS patients.
Action observation therapy impact on mirror neurons combined with acupuncture for upper limb motor impairment rehabilitation in stroke patients
Authors: Maimaitiaili Dilinuer , Shi Jue , Shan Chunlei , Jin Li , Gu Yiwen , Li Yuanli , Shu Jin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:
Upper limb (UL) dysfunction rehabilitation in stroke patients is complicated in the clinic. Action observation therapy’s (AOT) impact on mirror neurons (MNs) has been observed and made applications in related brain disease treatment. Acupuncture mentioned in the present study mainly stimulates peripheral nerves for neuronal plasticity. However, the clinical effect of AOT impact on MNs and acupuncture irritate afferent nerve fibers in combination for UL motor impairment rehabilitation after stroke is still unclear. In the present study, we investigate the central and peripheral neural stimulation meanwhile for UL recovery with stroke patients.

METHODS:
In this clinical study, 82 stroke patients recruited with impaired UL were randomly assigned to three groups. Twenty-four cases were in the AOT group, 28 cases were in the AOT combined acupuncture treatment group, and 30 cases were in the acupuncture treatment group. All volunteers were scored for limb function through the Fugl–Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), the Action Research Arm Test, and the modified Barthel Index (BI) before and after a systematic treatment according to the groups. Meanwhile, conventional physical therapy was also implemented for all cases.

RESULTS:
Before the specific intervention, the scores of FMA-UE, FMA-UE, and BI with all stroke patients have no significant statistical difference (P > 0.05). After the corresponding treatment, we assessed UL function again at 4 and 8 weeks. At 4 weeks, the patients with AOT showed a significant increase in BI scores compared to the acupuncture group (P < 0.05). At 8 weeks, the FMA-UE scores of the patients with AOT combined with acupuncture were significantly increased than acupuncture alone (P < 0.05). We also observed that the BI scores of the combination and the AOT group both were improved compared to the acupuncture group with significant statistical analysis (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Based on the MNs theory, we adopted AOT impact on MNs which would be a promising rehabilitation technique, especially combined with acupuncture treatment in UL recovery of stroke. Mirror therapy seems to be effective for central neuronal plasticity, but for action or AOT, there is still insufficient evidence to recommend its optimal strategy and neuromodulation mechanism. Here, research on the MNs-based AOT technique with acupuncture in UL dysfunction with stroke patients is recommended.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:
http://www.chictr.org.cn (identifier: ChiCTR2300077010).
Intravenous thrombolysis plus tirofiban versus tirofiban alone in Caucasian patients with acute anterior choroidal or paramedian pontine infarction
Authors: Toudou-Daouda Moussa , Yatwa-Zaniwe Roger-Venant , Aminou-Tassiou Nana-Rahamatou , Baby Mohamed , Soumah Djibril , Altarcha Tony , Aghasaryan Manvel , Laine Olga , Chausson Nicolas , Smadja Didier 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Tirofiban has been shown to be superior to aspirin in achieving functional independence at 3 months for acute ischemic stroke of atheromatous or microatheromatous origin. As intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) has previously been shown to be nonsuperior to aspirin in achieving functional independence at 3 months for anterior choroidal or paramedian pontine infarction (ACI/PPI), we aimed to compare the outcomes of Caucasian patients receiving IVT plus tirofiban (IVT + T) with those receiving tirofiban alone for acute ACI/PPI.

METHODS:
A retrospective study was conducted in patients aged ≥ 18 years with ACI/PPI treated in our stroke unit between December 1, 2020, and April 30, 2023, who received therapeutic intervention within 9 hours of symptom onset or after awakening with stroke symptoms. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤ 1 at 3 months was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≤ 2 at day 7 or discharge and post-procedural neurological deterioration (PPND) within 72 hours. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) and major systemic bleeding (MSB) were the safety measures of the study.

RESULTS:
A total of 24 patients were enrolled in the tirofiban group and 43 patients in the IVT + T group. Compared to tirofiban alone, IVT + T was associated with a higher probability of achieving mRS ≤1 at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.06–37.52; P = 0.003) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≤2 at day 7 or discharge (aOR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.05–12.99; P = 0.041). No significant difference was seen between the two groups in preventing postprocedural neurological deterioration. One case of SICH and two cases of MSB occurred in the IVT + T group and no cases in the tirofiban group. One case of inhospital mortality was recorded in the IVT + T group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results showed that IVT + T may be safe and effective in Caucasian patients with acute ACI/PPI.
The application of optogenetics in traumatic brain injury research: A narrative review
Authors: Lin Cheng-Hao , Gao Bei-Yao , Ge Rui-Dong , Cui Rui , Han Wen , Jiang Shan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Optogenetics has revolutionized the landscape of research on neurological disorders by enabling high spatial specificity and millisecond-level temporal precision in neuroscience studies. In the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI), optogenetic techniques have greatly advanced our understanding of the pathological and physiological processes involved, providing valuable guidance for both monitoring and therapeutic interventions. This article offers a review of the latest research applications of optogenetics in the study of TBI.
Prognostic Values and Treatment Responses Evaluated with Lymphovascular Invasion, Perineural Permeation, and Histologic Transformation for Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Lin Mei-Chen , Yeh Su-Peng , Lin Ching-Chan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
To evaluate the prognostic significance of adverse pathologic characteristics including lymphovascular invasion, perineural permeation, and squamous/sarcomatoid transformation in patients with urothelial tumors, and to analyze their correlations with the treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancers.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 277 consecutive patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma between 2004 and 2016 at China Medical University Hospital in Taiwan were included. Radical cystectomy with extended lymphadenectomy for bladder cancer and radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract cancer were performed. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was routinely given to patients with bladder cancer. Medical records and adverse pathologic characteristics were reviewed. Overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and locoregional recurrence-free survival were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method with a log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. The association between pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and pathologic characteristics was evaluated using logistic regression.

Results:
Of the 277 patients, 56.3% had at least one adverse pathologic characteristic. Compared to those without adverse characteristics, the patients with at least one adverse pathologic characteristic had significantly worse OS (5-year OS [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 77.2% [65.7%–85.3%] vs. 39.7% [29.9%–49.4%], P < 0.01), higher occult nodal metastasis (22.3% vs. 0%), and worse DMFS (5-year DMFS [95% CI]: 88.5% [80.5%–93.4%] vs. 43.0% [33.3%–52.4%], P < 0.01). When neoadjuvant chemotherapy was applied, 4.3% of the patients with adverse characteristics achieved a optimal patholoigc response, but 58.1% achieved a pCR, if they did not have any adverse characteristics (odds ratio: 38.8, 95% CI: 6.70–225.2, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Adverse pathologic characteristics could predict poor outcomes and chemotherapy resistance independently of the clinical AJCC TNM stage in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Incorporating pathologic information into decision-making for cancer management should be considered.