bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of montmorillonite clay addition on the morphological and physical properties of Jatropha curcas L. and Glycine max L. protein concentrate films
Authors: Osorio‐Ruiz Alex , Solorza‐Feria Javier , Chiou Bor‐Sen , Wood Delilah F. , Williams Tina G. , Avena‐Bustillos Roberto J. , Martínez‐Ayala Alma‐Leticia 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTProtein concentrates from jatropha (JPC) and soy seeds (SPC) were obtained by solubilization and acid precipitation of proteins. JPC and SPC films were prepared by the casting method, using two different montmorillonite (MMT) clay concentrations and plasticized with glycerol. Film properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile properties, water retention, and water vapor transmission rate (WVRT). Typical tactoid microcomposite structures were found to be heterogeneously dispersed in the films containing MMT. A small XRD peak was found in films with MMT. Slight improvements in thermal stability and tensile strength were observed in the films with MMT. Reductions in water retention and WVRT were obtained when MMT was added into the films. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44459.
Synthesis and device performance of an oxygen‐interrupted bipolar polymer host with carbazole and triphenylphosphine oxide in the main chain
Authors: Fan Zhu‐Xin , Bai Yu , Chu Zhi‐Wei , Zhang Xin‐Wen , Zhao Qing‐Hua 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTA novel bipolar polymer host PC10CzPO, carrying hole‐transporting carbazole and electron‐transporting triphenylphosphine oxide units in the oxygen‐interrupted main chain, was synthesized and characterized. In addition to its excellent thermal stability and miscibility with phosphors, PC10CzPO is also reported to have a triplet energy (ET) as high as 2.83 eV due to oxygen‐interrupted π‐conjugation, ensuring that PC10CzPO can be used as a suitable host material. The PC10CzPO‐based phosphorescent devices were investigated and compared, while doping with typical blue phosphor {iridium(III)[bis(4,6‐difluorophenyl)pyridinato‐N, C2]picolinate, FIrpic)}, green phosphor {tris[2‐(p‐tolyl)pyridine]iridium(III), Ir(mppy)3}, and red phosphor [bis(1‐phenyl‐isoquinoline‐C2,N)(acetylacetonato)iridium(III), Ir(piq)2acac]. As a result, the FIrpic‐based blue devices showed better device performances than those of red and green devices, which was ascribed to more effective energy transfer. This indicates that the choice of proper host and dopant emitters to fabricate phosphorescent polymer light emitting diodes (PhPLED) is a simple and effective approach to optimize device performances. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44461.
Investigations on porous PLA composite scaffolds with amphiphilic block PLA‐b‐PEG to enhance the carrying property for hydrophilic drugs of excess dose
Authors: Zhong Tian , Jiao Yang , Guo Lingling , Ding Jiamin , Nie Zhuping , Tan Lianjiang , Huang Ran 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTTo address concern of the dispersion property of hydrophilic drugs of excess dose loaded in a hydrophobic poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix, this work developed a PLA and PLA‐b‐polyethylene glycol (PEG) composite scaffold (
) and studied its carrier properties for aspirin as a model hydrophilic drug. The porous functional scaffolds were prepared from PLA and PLA‐b‐PEG solutions with the dose of 5, 10, and 15 wt % aspirin preloaded. The products and control samples of pure PLA with the same loading amount for comparison were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction to examine the miscibility and porous structure. Rapid degradations in a strongly basic solution were performed to determine the actual loading amount and the encapsulation ratio. The in vitro release in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at 37.5 °C indicated that the addition of amphiphilic block polymer may efficiently enhance the dispersion property and stabilize the release of hydrophilic drugs, especially with a high loading dose. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44489.
Crack growth behavior of natural rubber influenced by functionalized carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ding Yaxuan , Cao Xijuan , Weng Gengsheng , Yin Qiyan , Wang Liting , Chen Zhongren 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, the silane coupling agentbis‐(triethoxysilylpropyl) ‐tetrasulfide (TESPT) is used to modify the carbon nanotubes. After modification, carbon nanotubes can be well dispersed in the natural rubber (NR) matrix and form a strong and flexible network. Based on the original real‐time crack tip morphology monitoring, crack propagation and scanning electronic microscopy tests, it is revealed that modified carbon nanotubes filled NR samples (NR/F‐CNTs) have better crack resistance. It is found that modified carbon nanotubes can resist the cavitation process during cyclic loading. Crack tip morphology monitoring tests indicate that the crack tip of NR/F‐CNTs is rougher and the ligaments are thinner and densely distributed. A crack branching phenomenon is also observed. It proves that F‐CNTs increase the energy consumption of NR during cyclic loading. It is concluded that the F‐CNTs used in this work improve the crack resistance of NR in two ways: the one is cavitation resistance and the other is the increase of energy consumption for crack propagation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 44527.
Aluminum‐coated elastomer thin films for the fabrication of a ferrofluidic deformable mirror
Authors: Déry Jean‐Philippe , Brousseau Denis , Rochette Maxime , Borra Ermanno F. , Ritcey Anna M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTA procedure for the fabrication of aluminum‐coated reflective PDMS thin films having a low surface roughness and high reflectance is presented. Elastomer films are prepared by spin‐coating on a sacrificial layer that permits subsequent release from the substrate. Appropriate surface treatments are established for the deposition of a thin, highly reflective metal coating. The composite membranes are deposited on an ethylene glycol based ferrofluid to fabricate a new ferrofluidic deformable mirror. Surface deformations of a few micrometers can be produced with low strength magnetic fields. The reflective elastomer membranes do not alter the rheological behavior of the ferrofluid in magnetic fields and thus offer new perspectives for the use of ferrofluidic mirrors in adaptive optics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44542.
Improved D‐Type Anticipatory Iterative Learning Control for a Class of Inhomogeneous Heat Equations
Authors: Huang Deqing , Li Xuefang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper aims at providing a practical iterative learning control (ILC) scheme for a wide class of heat transfer systems in the sense that it avoids high‐gain learning of ILC, thus a potential non‐monotonic convergence issue, and the risk of violating the hardware limitation of input profile in implementation. Meanwhile, the ILC scheme guarantees the identical initial condition of heat process. As a result, the output tracking precision may be improved while not reducing the anticipatory step size as in . All the benefits of the proposed ILC scheme are achieved by applying a heuristic selection algorithm for the anticipatory step size and rectifying the output reference simultaneously.
Enzyme recycling in lignocellulosic biorefineries
Authors: Jørgensen Henning , Pinelo Manuel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCommercial production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is becoming a reality, but the next step is to diversify the process and produce chemicals and materials. These lignocellulosic biorefineries will in many cases rely on hydrolysis of biomass carbohydrates into monosaccharides – the sugar platform. Cellulases are the most important enzymes required in this process, but the complex nature of lignocellulose requires several other enzymes (hemicellulases and auxiliary enzymes) for efficient hydrolysis. Enzyme recycling increases the catalytic productivity of the enzymes by reusing them for several batches of hydrolysis, and thereby reduces the overall cost associated with the hydrolysis. Research on this subject has been ongoing for many years and several promising technologies and methods have been developed and demonstrated. But only in a very few cases have these technologies been upscaled and tested in industrial settings, mainly because of many difficulties with recycling of enzymes from the complex lignocellulose hydrolyzate at industrially relevant conditions, i.e., high solids loadings. The challenges are associated with the large number of different enzymes required for efficient hydrolysis, enzyme stability, and the detrimental interaction between enzyme and lignin. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various methods for enzyme recovery and recycling, for example recycling of free enzymes, readsorption to fresh material, recycling of solids, membrane filtration, and immobilization. Lignin is a major obstacle for successful hydrolysis and enzyme recycling. A thorough understanding of this subject and possibilities to minimize adsorption or methods to desorb the enzymes are important in order to develop the technology. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Application of π acceptors to the spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric determination of vincamine and naftidrofuryl oxalate in their pharmaceutical preparations
Authors: Ibrahim Fawzia A. , Elbrashy Amina M. , Nasr Jenny Jeehan M. , Badr El‐Dien Mostafa M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThree different spectrophotometric and two spectrofluorimetric methods have been developed and validated for the determination of vincamine (VN) and naftidrofuryl oxalate (NF) in tablets. The spectrophotometric methods depend on charge transfer complex formation between each of VN and NF with 7,7,8,8‐tetracyano‐quinodimethane (TCNQ), 2,6‐dichloroquinone‐4‐chloroimide (DCQ) and 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) at 843, 580 and 588 nm, respectively. The spectrofluorimetric methods are based on the formation of charge transfer complex between each of the two drugs and TCNQ, with measurement of the fluorophore formed at 312/375 and 284/612 nm, respectively, or with DDQ at 400/475 and 284/396 nm, respectively. In the spectrophotometric measurements, Beer's law was obeyed at concentration ranges of 1.5–16, 10–180 and 12–140 μg/ml for VN with TCNQ, DCQ, and DDQ, respectively. For NF, the corresponding concentrations were 2–28, 5–75 and 25–150 μg/ml with TCNQ, DCQ, and DDQ, respectively. In the spectrofluorimetric measurements, the ranges for VN were 0.05–0.9 and 0.3–4 μg/ml with TCNQ and DDQ, respectively, whereas for NF the ranges were 0.05–0.85 and 0.5–8 μg/ml with TCNQ and DDQ, respectively. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the formed color or fluorophore were studied and optimized and the molar ratios of the complexes were calculated. The proposed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines and were successfully applied for the determination of VN and NF in their tablet dosage forms.
A new colorimetric and far‐red fluorescent probe for hydrazine with a large red‐shifted absorption spectrum
Authors: Xu Zujun , Pang Mengmeng , Li Changwang , Zhu Baocun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRecently, growing attention has been paid to the detection of hydrazine (NH2NH2) because of its important roles in industrial chemical and high toxicity to human beings. Herein, we have constructed a new colorimetric and far‐red fluorescent probe containing a receptor of 4‐bromobutanoate to selectively detect hydrazine. The probe could detect hydrazine quantitatively in the range of 40–500 μM with the detection limit of 2.9 μM. In addition, the probe could monitor hydrazine by the ratiometric method with a large (185 nm) red‐shifted absorption spectrum, and the color changes from yellow to blue make it as a ‘naked‐eye’ indicator for hydrazine. Consequently, our proposed probe would be of great benefit for monitoring hydrazine in aqueous solution.
Verhalten von Fischen in gestörten Riffen
Authors: Thaler Ellen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractVor Angaga, Malediven, Südl. Ari‐Atoll, konnten wir im Mai 2016 eine massive Korallenbleiche beobachten. Auch das Fisch‐Verhalten unterschied sich beträchtlich von ungestörten, weitgehend gesunden Riffen. Insgesamt zeigten die Korallenfische ungewöhnliche Hektik und keine oder geringe Fluchtbereitschaft bei Gefahr. Paarschwimmen und Wehrschwarmbildung unterblieb, soziale Fischarten lockerten ihren Kontakt. Hunger schien nicht der Hauptgrund des veränderten Fischverhaltens zu sein. Besonders Arten mit breit gefächertem Nahrungsspektrum schienen keinen Mangel zu erleiden. Schwerwiegend aber wirkt sich das übermäßige Wachstum von fädigen Algen aus. Fische vermeiden generell Algenkontakt und können veralgte Schlupfwinkel nicht nutzen. Alle Korallenfische zeigten Stress‐Symptome wie Schockfärbungen (Irisänderung). Aufgrund fehlender Rückzugsmöglichkeiten waren auch versteckt lebende Arten gezwungen, sich ungeschützt und oberflächennah zu bewegen.
Gefäßzugang über den Knochen
Authors: Bosch Stefan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn medizinischen Notfallsituationen ist ein Zugang zum Gefäßsystem des Patienten zwingend erforderlich, manchmal jedoch extrem schwierig zu finden. Eine Alternative zur Venenpunktion stellt die Gabe von Medikamenten und Infusionen über die Rinde langer Röhrenknochen dar. Mit Hilfe einer kleinen Bohrmaschine kann im Notfall ein sol‐cher intraossärer Zugang schnell und sicher geschaffen werden.
Schlechte Zeiten für akute myeloische Leukämie
Authors: Staiger Dorothee 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSchlüsselgene der inneren Uhr regulieren das Wachstum von Leukämie‐Stammzellen. Ein gezieltes Ausschalten des molekularen Uhrwerks wirkt gegen die akute myeloische Leukämie (AML), eine aggressive Form von Blutkrebs.
Delfin‐Show in Schottland: Die Großen Tümmler im Moray Firth
Authors: Petrischak Hannes 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn der schottischen Nordseeküste liegt ein außergewöhnlich guter Delfin‐Beobachtungsplatz: Eine Gruppe von rund 200 Großen Tümmlern (Tursiops truncatus) ist im Moray Firth heimisch. In diese nördlichste große Meeresbucht Schottlands ragt unweit der Highlands‐Hauptstadt Inverness eine Landzunge, an deren Spitze man die spektakulären Verhaltensweisen der Meeressäuger aus nächster Nähe verfolgen kann [1].
Design, Synthesis, and Self‐Assembly Behavior of Liquid‐Crystalline Bis‐[60]Fullerodendrimers
Authors: Russo Virginie , Pieper Pauline , Heinrich Benoît , Donnio Bertrand , Deschenaux Robert 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBis‐[60]fullerodendrimers were synthesized by assembling [60]fullerene‐containing type I (terminal olefin) and type II (α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl olefin) olefins through the olefin cross‐metathesis reaction. The synthetic modular approach developed in this study allowed the preparation of mono‐[60]fullerodendrimers and their [60]fullerene‐free analogues. First‐ and second‐generation poly(aryl ester) dendrons carrying cyanobiphenyl mesogens were used as liquid‐crystalline promoters. The liquid‐crystalline properties were studied by polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. In agreement with the nature and structure of the dendrimers, nematic, smectic, and multisegregated lamellar phases were observed. Owing to its versatility and tolerance towards many functional groups, olefin cross‐metathesis proved to be a reaction of choice for the elaboration of molecular materials with complex architectures.
The Redox‐Active Chromium Phthalocyanine System: Isolation of Five Oxidation States from Pc4−CrI to Pc2−CrIII
Authors: Zhou Wen , Thompson John R. , Leznoff Clifford C. , Leznoff Daniel B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe preparation and structural characterization of a series of chromium phthalocyanine complexes with multiple metal and ring oxidation states were achieved using PcCrII (1) (Pc=phthalocyanine) or PcCrII(THF)2 (1⋅THF2) as starting materials. The reaction of soluble 1⋅THF2 with Br2 or I2 gave the PcCrIII halide complexes PcCrX(THF) (X=I/I3, Br; 3, 4, respectively). Treatment of 1 with 0.5 equivalent of PhIO or air generated the dinuclear [PcCr(THF)]2(μ‐O) (5), whereas the addition of one equivalent of AgSbF6 to 1 resulted in oxidation to THF‐solvated octahedral [PcCrIII(THF)2]SbF6 (6). The reduction of 1 with three sequential equivalents of KEt3BH resulted in the isolation of [K(DME)4][Pc3−CrII] (7), [K(DME)4]2[Pc4−CrII] (8) and [K6(DME)4][Pc4−CrI]2 (9), respectively. The reduced products are deep purple in colour, with visible absorption maxima between 500–580 nm. The ring‐reduced complexes 7 and 8 are monomeric, whereas 9 is a 1D chain of dinuclear [PcCr]2 units with intercalated K+ cations and supported by Cr−Cr interactions of 2.988(2) Å. Addition of four equivalents of KC8 resulted in the demetallated product PcK2(DME)4 (10), which has a 1D chain structure. The isolation and structural characterization of new PcCr complexes spanning five oxidation states, including rare examples of crystalline reduced Pc‐ring species emphasizes the broad redox activity and stability of phthalocyanine‐based complexes.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reductive Multicomponent Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy‐ and β‐Aminocarbonyl Compounds under Mild Conditions
Authors: Paul Jérôme , Presset Marc , Cantagrel Frédéric , Le Gall Erwan , Léonel Eric 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe cobalt‐catalyzed multicomponent reaction between sp2‐hybridized organic halides, Michael acceptors, and unsaturated electrophiles has been developed. The reaction proceeds through a formal conjugate addition/aldol or aza‐aldol (Mannich) tandem reaction initiated by the in situ metalation of the organic halide by cobalt catalysis. The essentially new reaction conditions that have been developed are very mild and atom‐economic. Under these conditions, a broad range of β‐hydroxy‐ and β‐aminocarbonyl compounds are obtained in good to high yields.
Comparison between circular and square loops for low‐frequency magnetic resonance applications: theoretical performance estimation
Authors: Giovannetti Giulio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRadiofrequency receiver coils in magnetic resonance (MR) systems are used to pick up the signals emitted by the nuclei with high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in a small region of sensitivity. The quality of obtained images strongly depends upon the correct choice of the coils geometry and size. The simplest design of such coils is circular and square loops, both producing in the central region‐of‐interest a magnetic field perpendicular to the coil plane, with an amplitude that decreases along the coil axis. This work reviews a method for coil SNR model development employing an equivalent electric circuit and applies it for circular and square loop design. Coil inductance and resistance were analitically calculated by taking into account for the conductors cross‐geometry and the magnetic field pattern was estimated using Biot–Savart law, while the sample‐induced resistance was calculated with a method employing a quasi‐static approach. Coil performance prediction permitted to compare circular and square loops and demonstrated that when a simple relationship between loops size is satisfied, the performance of both coils resulted to be very similar in terms of SNR. Since the theoretical approach formulation is largely detailed, this article could be interesting for graduate students and researchers working in the field of MR coil design and development.
Luminescent Silver–Purine Double Helicate: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly and Antibacterial Action
Authors: Venkatesh V. , Kumaran M. D. Bala , Saravanan R. Kamal , Kalaichelvan P. T. , Verma Sandeep 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Sandeep Verma from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India. The cover picture shows the release of silver ions from silver–purine double helicate assembly that exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative bacteria, E. coli. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201600293.
Comparison and optimization of machine learning methods for automated classification of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Lannin Timothy B. , Thege Fredrik I. , Kirby Brian J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAdvances in rare cell capture technology have made possible the interrogation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) captured from whole patient blood. However, locating captured cells in the device by manual counting bottlenecks data processing by being tedious (hours per sample) and compromises the results by being inconsistent and prone to user bias. Some recent work has been done to automate the cell location and classification process to address these problems, employing image processing and machine learning (ML) algorithms to locate and classify cells in fluorescent microscope images. However, the type of machine learning method used is a part of the design space that has not been thoroughly explored. Thus, we have trained four ML algorithms on three different datasets. The trained ML algorithms locate and classify thousands of possible cells in a few minutes rather than a few hours, representing an order of magnitude increase in processing speed. Furthermore, some algorithms have a significantly (P < 0.05) higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than do other algorithms. Additionally, significant (P < 0.05) losses to performance occur when training on cell lines and testing on CTCs (and vice versa), indicating the need to train on a system that is representative of future unlabeled data. Optimal algorithm selection depends on the peculiarities of the individual dataset, indicating the need of a careful comparison and optimization of algorithms for individual image classification tasks. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Consistent quantitative gene product expression: #3. Invariance with age
Authors: Loken Michael, R. , Voigt Andrew P. , Eidenschink Brodersen Lisa , Fritschle Wayne , Menssen Andrew J. , Wells Denise A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe quantitative expression of cell surface antigens and light scattering properties of five cellular reference populations in stressed bone marrow specimens were compared between pediatric and adult patients treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The mean intensity of each antigen as well as the within patient and between patient variability showed striking consistency between the two different age groups. The only difference between the groups of specimens was the proportion of progenitor cells in the adult cohort averaged less than three times the proportion in the pediatric cohort. These data show that the amounts of gene products expressed on bone marrow cells are invariant with age. © 2016 The Authors. Cytometry Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.