bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Smartphone Application Measuring Motor Function in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lee Will , Evans Andrew , Williams David R. 
Published: May 2016

Background: Measurement of motor function is critical to the assessment and management of Parkinson’s disease. Ambulatory motor assessment has the potential to provide a glimpse of the patient’s clinical state beyond the consultation. We custom-designed a smartphone application that quantitatively measures hand dexterity and hypothesized that this can give an indication of a patient’s overall motor function. Objective: The aims of this study were to (i) validate this smartphone application against MDS-UPDRS motor assessment (MDS-UPDRS-III) and the two-target tapping test; (ii) generate a prediction model for MDS-UPDRS-III; (iii) assess repeatability of our smartphone application and (iv) examine compliance and user-satisfaction of this application. Methods: 103 patients with Parkinson’s disease were recruited from two movement disorders clinics. After initial assessment, a group of patients underwent repeat assessment within two weeks. Patients were invited to use the smartphone application at home over three days, followed by a survey to assess their experience. Results: Significant correlation between key smartphone application test parameters and MDS-UPDRS-III ( r = 0.281–0.608, p < 0.0001) was demonstrated. A prediction model based on these parameters accounted for 52.3% of variation in MDS-UPDRS-III (R2 = 0.523, F(4,93) = 25.48, p < 0.0001). Forty-eight patients underwent repeat assessment under identical clinical conditions. Repeatability of key smartphone application tests parameters and predicted MDS-UPDRS-III was moderate to strong (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.584–0.763, p < 0.0001). The follow-up survey identified that our patients were very comfortable with the smartphone application and mobile technology. Conclusions: Our smartphone application demonstrated satisfactory repeatability and validity when measured against MDS-UPDRS-III. Its performance is acceptable considering our smartphone application measures hand dexterity only.
Age Limits for Deep Brain Stimulation of Subthalamic Nuclei in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Bouwyn Jean-Paul , Derrey Stéphane , Lefaucheur Romain , Fetter Damien , Rouille Audrey , Le Goff Floriane , Maltête David 
Published: May 2016

Background: Clinical pre-operative predictive factors of optimal STN-DBS motor outcome in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been previously reported. However, available data involving elderly patients are conflicting. Objective: To compare early post-operative outcomes in parkinsonian patients younger than 65 years old (group 1) vs patients 65 years old or older (group 2) at the time of surgery. Methods: The cognitive and motor effects of DBS were evaluated by comparison of different scores obtained before (baseline) and 6 months after surgery using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Post-operative motor improvement (UPDRS part III and UPDRS part IV scores) and drug reduction were not statistically different between groups 1 and 2 ( P > 0.05). Axial motor score which was significantly worse in group 2 in the on-drug condition before surgery was also significantly worse both in off-drug/ on-stimulation and on-drug/ on-stimulation conditions ( P < 0.05). Similarly, cognitive performances (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop interference test, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall, Verbal Fluency) significantly worsened post-operatively ingroup 2. Conclusions: Although effective and safe, STN-DBS has a more negative impact on cognitive functions in elderly patient, requiring a careful preoperative selection.
Rotigotine in Combination with the MAO-B Inhibitor Selegiline in Early Parkinson’s Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Giladi Nir , Asgharnejad Mahnaz , Bauer Lars , Grieger Frank , Boroojerdi Babak 
Published: May 2016

Background: Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors and dopamine receptor agonists are common first-line treatment options in early Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rotigotine transdermal patch as an add-on therapy to an MAO-B inhibitor in patients with early-PD. Methods: In two Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in early-PD (SP512, SP513), patients were randomized to rotigotine (titrated to optimal dose ≤8 mg/24 h) or placebo, and maintained for 24 (SP512) or 33 (SP513) weeks. Post hoc analyses were performed on pooled data for patients receiving an MAO-B inhibitor (selegiline) at a stable dose at randomization and throughout the studies, with groups defined as “Selegiline+Rotigotine” and “Selegiline+Placebo”. Outcome measures included change from baseline in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) II (activities of daily living), III (motor), UPDRS II+III and responders (patients achieving ≥20%, ≥25% or ≥30% decrease in UPDRS II+III). As post hoc analyses, p-values are exploratory. Results: 130 patients were evaluable for efficacy analyses (“Selegiline+Rotigotine”: 84, “Selegiline+Placebo”: 46). Combined treatment with rotigotine and selegiline improved UPDRS III and UPDRS II+III scores versus selegiline alone (LS-mean [95% CI] treatment difference for UPDRS III: –4.89 [–7.87 to –1.91], p = 0.0015; for UPDRS II+III: –5.76 [–9.71 to –1.82], p = 0.0045). Higher proportion of patients in the “Selegiline+Rotigotine” group were classified as ≥20%, ≥25% or ≥30% responders (all p < 0.001). Combined treatment appeared more effective in patients aged ≤65 years versus > 65 years (although patient numbers in the subgroups were low). Adverse event profile was consistent with the known safety profile of rotigotine. Conclusions: In these post hoc analyses, adjunctive treatment with rotigotine in patients already receiving an MAO-B inhibitor improved UPDRS II+III score; this appeared to be largely driven by improvements in the motor aspects of PD.
Altered Expression of D1 and D2 Dopamine Receptors in Vagal Neurons Innervating the Gastric Muscularis Externa in a Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model
Authors: Wang Zhi-Yong , Lian Hui , Zhou Li , Zhang Yi-Min , Cai Qing-Qing , Zheng Li-Fei , Zhu Jin-Xia 
Published: May 2016

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra (SN) accompanied by pathology of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). Gastroparesis is a common non-motor system symptom of PD in patients and in animal models. However, the underlying mechanism of this symptom is not clear. We previously reported on the expression of enhanced tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and decreased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the DMV of a PD animal model and colocalization of TH and ChAT with the dopamine receptors D1 and D2. We hypothesize that these receptors might contribute to the delayed gastric emptying observed in PD. Objective: To investigate the distribution of D1 and D2 in gastric-projecting DMV neurons and alteration of their distribution in a PD rat model. Methods: Retrograde tracing, double-labeling immunofluorescence techniques and western blotting were used. Results: After injection of the retrograde tracer fluoro-gold (FG) into the gastric wall, FG-labeled gastric-projecting motoneurons were observed in the caudal and rostral parts of the DMV, and neurons with D1-, D2- and ChAT- immunoreactivity (IR) were widely colocalized in the DMV. Many TH-IR fibers were observed around the D1- and D2-IR neurons. Moreover, decreased D1 and enhanced D2 expression in the DMV was observed in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rats that were treated with a bilateral microinjection of 6-OHDA in the SN. Conclusions: The results indicate that dopamine receptors might affect the activity of gastric-projecting neurons in the DMV, their altered expression may contribute to the gastroparesis observed in PD.
SOFIA MID-INFRARED IMAGING AND CSO SUBMILLIMETER POLARIMETRY OBSERVATIONS OF G034.43+00.24 MM1*
Authors: Jones T. J. , Gordon Michael , Shenoy Dinesh , Gehrz R. D. , Vaillancourt John E. , Krejny M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We present 11.1 to 37.1 μm imaging observations of the very dense molecular cloud core MM1 in G034.43+00.24 using FORCAST on SOFIA and submillimeter (submm) polarimetry using SHARP on the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. We find that at the spatial resolution of SOFIA, the point-spread function (PSF) of MM1 is consistent with being a single source, as expected based on millimeter (mm) and submm observations. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of MM1 and MM2 have a warm component at the shorter wavelengths not seen in mm and submm SEDs. Examination of H(1.65 μm) stellar polarimetry from the Galactic Plane Infrared Polarization Survey shows that G034 is embedded in an external magnetic field aligned with the Galactic Plane. The SHARP polarimetry at 450 μm shows a magnetic field geometry in the vicinity of MM1 that does not line up with either the Galactic Plane or the mean field direction inferred from the CARMA interferometric polarization map of the central cloud core, but is perpendicular to the long filament in which G034 is embedded. The CARMA polarimetry does show evidence for grain alignment in the central region of the cloud core, and thus does trace the magnetic field geometry near the embedded Class 0 YSO.
A DEEP SEARCH FOR ADDITIONAL SATELLITES AROUND THE DWARF PLANET HAUMEA
Authors: Burkhart Luke D. , Ragozzine Darin , Brown Michael E. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Haumea is a dwarf planet with two known satellites, an unusually high spin rate, and a large collisional family, making it one of the most interesting objects in the outer solar system. A fully self-consistent formation scenario responsible for the satellite and family formation is still elusive, but some processes predict the initial formation of many small moons, similar to the small moons recently discovered around Pluto. Deep searches for regular satellites around Kuiper belt objects are difficult due to observational limitations, but Haumea is one of the few for which sufficient data exist. We analyze Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations, focusing on a 10-consecutive-orbit sequence obtained in 2010 July, to search for new very small satellites. To maximize the search depth, we implement and validate a nonlinear shift-and-stack method. No additional satellites of Haumea are found, but by implanting and recovering artificial sources, we characterize our sensitivity. At distances between ∼10,000 and ∼350,000 km from Haumea, satellites with radii as small as ∼10 km are ruled out, assuming an albedo (

) similar to Haumea. We also rule out satellites larger than ≳40 km in most of the Hill sphere using other HST data. This search method rules out objects similar in size to the small moons of Pluto. By developing clear criteria for determining the number of nonlinear rates to use, we find that far fewer shift rates are required (∼35) than might be expected. The nonlinear shift-and-stack method to discover satellites (and other moving transients) is tractable, particularly in the regime where nonlinear motion begins to manifest itself.
3.6 AND 4.5 μm SPITZER PHASE CURVES OF THE HIGHLY IRRADIATED HOT JUPITERS WASP-19b AND HAT-P-7b
Authors: Wong Ian , Knutson Heather A. , Kataria Tiffany , Lewis Nikole K. , Burrows Adam , Fortney Jonathan J. , Schwartz Joel , Shporer Avi , Agol Eric , Cowan Nicolas B. , Deming Drake , Désert Jean-Michel , Fulton Benjamin J. , Howard Andrew W. , Langton Jonathan , Laughlin Gregory , Showman Adam P. , Todorov Kamen 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We analyze full-orbit phase curve observations of the transiting hot Jupiters WASP-19b and HAT-P-7b at 3.6 and 4.5 μm, obtained using the Spitzer Space Telescope. For WASP-19b, we measure secondary eclipse depths of

and

at 3.6 and 4.5 μm, which are consistent with a single blackbody with effective temperature 2372 ± 60 K. The measured 3.6 and 4.5 μm secondary eclipse depths for HAT-P-7b are

and

, which are well described by a single blackbody with effective temperature 2667 ± 57 K. Comparing the phase curves to the predictions of one-dimensional and three-dimensional atmospheric models, we find that WASP-19b’s dayside emission is consistent with a model atmosphere with no dayside thermal inversion and moderately efficient day–night circulation. We also detect an eastward-shifted hotspot, which suggests the presence of a superrotating equatorial jet. In contrast, HAT-P-7b’s dayside emission suggests a dayside thermal inversion and relatively inefficient day–night circulation; no hotspot shift is detected. For both planets, these same models do not agree with the measured nightside emission. The discrepancies in the model-data comparisons for WASP-19b might be explained by high-altitude silicate clouds on the nightside and/or high atmospheric metallicity, while the very low 3.6 μm nightside planetary brightness for HAT-P-7b may be indicative of an enhanced global C/O ratio. We compute Bond albedos of 0.38 ± 0.06 and 0 (

at

) for WASP-19b and HAT-P-7b, respectively. In the context of other planets with thermal phase curve measurements, we show that WASP-19b and HAT-P-7b fit the general trend of decreasing day–night heat recirculation with increasing irradiation.
THE DETECTABILITY OF MILLIMETER-WAVE MOLECULAR ROTATIONAL TRANSITIONS
Authors: Liszt Harvey S. , Pety Jerome 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Elaborating on a formalism that was first expressed some 40 years ago, we consider the brightness of low-lying millimeter-wave rotational lines of strongly polar molecules at the threshold of detectability. We derive a simple expression relating the brightness to the line-of-sight integral of the product of the total gas and molecular number densities and a suitably defined temperature-dependent excitation rate into the upper level of the transition. Detectability of a line is contingent only on the ability of a molecule to channel enough of the ambient thermal energy into the line, and the excitation can be computed in bulk by summing over rates without solving the multi-level rate equations, or computing optical depths and excitation temperatures. Results for

, HNC, and CS are compared with escape-probability solutions of the rate equations using closed-form expressions for the expected range of validity of our ansatz, with the result that gas number densities as high as

or optical depths as high as 100 can be accommodated in some cases. For densities below a well-defined upper bound, the range of validity of the discussion can be cast as an upper bound on the line brightness which is 0.3 K for the J = 1–0 lines and 0.8–1.7 K for the J = 2–1 lines of these species. The discussion casts new light on the interpretation of line brightnesses under conditions of weak excitation, simplifies derivation of physical parameters, and eliminates the need to construct grids of numerical solutions of the rate equations.
« Le collège c’est une prison, ici c’est le cachot ». Un apprentissage de la déviance scolaire sous surveillance
Authors: Garnier Juliette 
Published: May 2016

Face à une école qui peine à gérer l’hétérogénéité de son public, les réponses éducatives apportées aux élèves qui posent problème à l’institution sont individualisées, en fonction de besoins supposés spécifiques de certains élèves, et notamment de ceux vivant sur les territoires cibles des politiques d’éducation prioritaire. Les pouvoirs locaux, en multipliant les « dispositifs » tentant de répondre à chacune des difficultés rencontrées dans l’espace de l’école, se saisissent des questions de « déviances scolaires ». Cet article est issu d’une recherche de type ethnographique menée sur une structure associative prenant en charge, à l’intérieur d’un collège, les élèves exclus temporairement. Il revient sur les effets d’une ségrégation scolaire organisée en interne sur les comportements perturbateurs qu’elle est supposée enrayer.
« Je pouvais espérer, j’étais en droit de penser que cela pouvait se passer autrement. »
Authors: Beneduce Roberto , Taliani Simona , Martinez Odile 
Published: May 2016

L’article questionne un aspect particulier de ce que les auteurs appellent les « archives postcoloniales » : les pratiques menant à l’adoptabilité d’enfants nés de parents immigrés. En s’appuyant sur les données de leur recherche ethnographique concernant la condition de parents immigrés dans le nord de l’Italie, les auteurs interrogent la généalogie coloniale des procédures thérapeutiques et des formes d’assistance sociale appliquées aux familles étrangères, ainsi que le « dispositif » qui les transforme en descendances dépossédées.
La tombe de Benito Mussolini à Predappio
Authors: Giampaoli Michelangelo 
Published: May 2016

Soixante-dix ans après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et la mort de Mussolini, la tombe du Duce à Predappio, en Emilie-Romagne, est un lieu de rencontre et de commémoration pour les nostalgiques de la période fasciste. Chaque année, à l’occasion de dates particulièrement symboliques, des milliers de personnes venues de toute l’Italie se rendent à Predappio pour rendre hommage au fondateur du fascisme, à travers des formes et pratiques de dévotion qui ne manquent pas de susciter les critiques de l’opinion publique. L’administration de la ville peine à faire face à ces « pèlerins » – touristes, dont la présence crée l’embarras mais qui contribuent, dans le même temps, de façon significative à enrichir l’économie locale. Cet article examine toutes ces contradictions.
De Cellamare à Pontcallec. Une mise en scène dumasienne de la Régence
Authors: Andre Valérie 
Published: May 2016

« Vous avez plus appris d’histoire au peuple que tous les historiens réunis » ! La phrase de Michelet est célèbre. Elle consacre avec autorité l’importance de l’écriture dumasienne de l’Histoire, du roman au théâtre en passant par les scènes historiques et bien sûr la chronique. Les études consacrées à Dumas sont innombrables, tous les aspects de l’œuvre du polygraphe semblent avoir été abordés et mis en relation les uns avec les autres. Le romancier et le dramaturge n’ont pas fait oublier l’historien. La critique dénombre trois grands cycles – le Moyen Âge et les guerres de religion, le xvii e siècle et la Révolution –, les deux premiers ayant quelque peu oblitéré l’importance du troisième. Le regard rétrospectif porté par Dumas sur le xviii e siècle et la fracture révolutionnaire est pourtant essentiel : le discours historique lui permet en effet de parler du présent, la conception téléologico-providentialiste qu’il professe infléchit sa lecture de l’événement ou de l’anecdote en fonction du temps de l’écriture. Une courte période se détache dans ce xviii e siècle foisonnant et multiple, huit années d’exception qui assurent une coupure radicale avec le siècle de Louis XIV : la Régence de Philippe d’Orléans à laquelle Dumas consacra plusieurs grands ouvrages. Pour l’écrivain, la Régence constitue en effet un moment charnière de l’Histoire que la fiction et la chronique permettent de mettre au jour.
La semantica della preposizione ὑπέρ nel greco omerico
Authors: Zanchi Chiara 
Published: May 2016

[it] Le preposizioni sono parole altamente polisemiche, che, nel greco omerico, mantengono o non hanno ancora sviluppato significati, poi eliminati o convenzionalizzati nel greco postomerico. In questo articolo, analizzo la semantica della preposizione ὑπέρ nel greco omerico, usando la terminologia della grammatica cognitiva. Inoltre, adotto il modello della polisemia strutturata per individuare il significato originario di ὑπέρ e per distinguere, tra i suoi significati, quelli innescati dal contesto di occorrenza da quelli immagazzinati in modo indipendente nella memoria del parlante. Facendo questa distinzione, tengo conto anche dello sviluppo dei significati di ὑπέρ nel greco postomerico, e dell’interazione tra preposizione e caso morfologico. Organizzo poi i significati indipendenti in una rete semantica, collegandoli direttamente o indirettamente al significato originario di tipo spaziale. Infine, mostro in quali modi dal significato spaziale di base si sviluppano gli altri significati, spaziali o astratti.
A Study of Crack-Face Boundary Conditions for Piezoelectric Strip Cut Along Two Equal Collinear Cracks
Authors: Bhargava R. R. , Verma Pooja Raj 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA problem of two equal, semi-permeable, collinear cracks, situated normal to the edges of an infinitely long piezoelectric strip is considered. Piezoelectric strip being prescribed out-of-plane shear stress and in-plane electric-displacement. The Fourier series and integral equation methods are adopted to obtain analytical solution of the problem. Closed-form analytic expressions are derived for various fracture parameters viz. crack-sliding displacement, crack opening potential drop, field intensity factors and energy release rate. An numerical case study is considered for poled PZT–5H, BaTiO3 and PZT–6B piezoelectric ceramics to study the effect of applied electro-mechanical loadings, crack-face boundary conditions as well as inter-crack distance on fracture parameters. The obtained results are presented graphically, discussed and concluded.
Deep ocean mass fluxes in the coastal upwelling off Mauritania from 1988 to 2012: variability on seasonal to decadal timescales
Authors: Fischer Gerhard , Romero Oscar , Merkel Ute , Donner Barbara , Iversen Morten , Nowald Nico , Ratmeyer Volker , Ruhland Götz , Klann Marco , Wefer Gerold 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. A more than two-decadal sediment trap record from the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystem (EBUE) off Cape Blanc, Mauritania, is analysed with respect to deep ocean mass fluxes, flux components and their variability on seasonal to decadal timescales. The total mass flux revealed interannual fluctuations which were superimposed by fluctuations on decadal timescales. High winter fluxes of biogenic silica (BSi), used as a measure of marine production (mostly by diatoms) largely correspond to a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index (December–March). However, this relationship is weak. The highest positive BSi anomaly was in winter 2004–2005 when the NAO was in a neutral state. More episodic BSi sedimentation events occurred in several summer seasons between 2001 and 2005, when the previous winter NAO was neutral or even negative. We suggest that distinct dust outbreaks and deposition in the surface ocean in winter and occasionally in summer/autumn enhanced particle sedimentation and carbon export on short timescales via the ballasting effect. Episodic perturbations of the marine carbon cycle by dust outbreaks (e.g. in 2005) might have weakened the relationships between fluxes and large-scale climatic oscillations. As phytoplankton biomass is high throughout the year, any dry (in winter) or wet (in summer) deposition of fine-grained dust particles is assumed to enhance the efficiency of the biological pump by incorporating dust into dense and fast settling organic-rich aggregates. A good correspondence between BSi and dust fluxes was observed for the dusty year 2005, following a period of rather dry conditions in the Sahara/Sahel region. Large changes of all bulk fluxes occurred during the strongest El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in 1997–1999 where low fluxes were obtained for almost 1 year during the warm El Niño and high fluxes in the following cold La Niña phase. For decadal timescales, Bakun (1990) suggested an intensification of coastal upwelling due to increased winds (''Bakun upwelling intensification hypothesis''; Cropper et al., 2014) and global climate change. We did not observe an increase of any flux component off Cape Blanc during the past 2 and a half decades which might support this. Furthermore, fluxes of mineral dust did not show any positive or negative trends over time which might suggest enhanced desertification or ''Saharan greening'' during the last few decades.