bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Proportion of Incident Radiographic Vertebral Fractures in Older Men Is Clinically Diagnosed and Vice Versa: A Prospective Study
Authors: Ensrud Kristine E , Blackwell Terri L , Fink Howard A , Zhang Jie , Cauley Jane A , Cawthon Peggy M , Black Dennis M , Bauer Douglas C , Curtis Jeffrey R , Orwoll Eric S , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Kado Deborah M , Marshall Lynn M , Shikany James M , Schousboe John T ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

To determine the proportion of incident radiographic vertebral fractures (vfx) also diagnosed as incident clinical vfx in older men and vice-versa, we used data from 4398 community-dwelling men age ≥65 years enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. Incident radiographic vfx were identified by comparing baseline and follow-up lateral thoracic and lumbar spine study films (average 4.6 years between films) using a semiquantitative (SQ) method and defined as a change in SQ reading of ≥1 at a given vertebral level from baseline to follow-up study radiograph. Participants were contacted triannually to ascertain incident clinical vfx; community spinal imaging studies were obtained and clinical vfx were confirmed when the study radiologist determined that the community imaging study showed a new deformity of higher grade than was present in the same vertebra on the baseline study radiograph. A total of 237 incident radiographic vfx were identified in 197 men, whereas 31 men experienced 37 confirmed incident clinical vfx. Of incident radiographic vfx, 13.5% were also clinically diagnosed as incident fractures, with clinical diagnoses made for 16.3% of the radiographic vfx with SQ grade change ≥2. Of incident clinical vfx, 86.5% were identified as incident radiographic vfx, most of them with SQ grade change ≥2. In summary, less than 15% of incident radiographic vfx were also clinically diagnosed, whereas the majority of incident clinical vfx were identified as severe radiographic vfx. These results in men supplement those previously published for women and suggest a complex relationship between clinical and radiographic vfx in older adults. Published 2016.† American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Impact of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Safety-Related Announcements on the Use of Bisphosphonates After Hip Fracture
Authors: Kim Seoyoung C , Kim Dae Hyun , Mogun Helen , Eddings Wesley , Polinski Jennifer M , Franklin Jessica M , Solomon Daniel H 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued several announcements related to potential risk of bisphosphonates including osteonecrosis of the jaw (2005), atrial fibrillation (2007), and atypical femur fracture (2010). We aimed to evaluate the impact of three FDA drug safety announcements on the use of bisphosphonates in patients with hip fracture using claims data from a U.S. commercial health plan (2004-2013). We calculated the proportion of patients in each quarter who received a bisphosphonate or other osteoporosis medication in the 6 months following hospitalization for hip fracture. Segmented logistic regression models examined the time trends. Among 22,598 patients with hip fracture, use of bisphosphonate decreased from 15% in 2004 to 3% in the last quarter of 2013. Prior to the 2007 announcement, there was a 4% increase in the odds of bisphosphonate use every quarter (OR 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.07). After the 2007 announcement, there was a 4% decrease in the odds of bisphosphonate use (OR 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93 to 0.99) every quarter. The announcement in 2007 was associated with a significant decline in the rate of change of bisphosphonate uses over time (p &lt; 0.001), but no impact on other osteoporosis medication use (p = 0.2). After the 2010 announcement, the odds of bisphosphonate use continued to decrease by 4% (OR 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94 to 0.98) each quarter and the odds of other osteoporosis medication use remained stable over time (OR 0.99; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.02). The FDA safety announcement related to atrial fibrillation in 2007 was significantly associated with a decrease in bisphosphonate use among patients with hip fracture. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Rare EN1 Variants and Pediatric Bone Mass
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan A , Chesi Alessandra , McCormack Shana E , Roy Sani M , Cousminer Diana L , Kalkwarf Heidi J , Lappe Joan M , Gilsanz Vicente , Oberfield Sharon E , Shepherd John A , Kelly Andrea , Zemel Babette S , Grant Struan FA 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

A recent whole-genome sequencing study in search of variation associated with adult areal bone mineral density (aBMD) identified rare variants near EN1, with markedly large effect sizes, and a common variant near SOX6. To understand the developmental effects of these loci, we sought to determine if they were associated with pediatric dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry–derived aBMD and bone mineral content (BMC) and if the associations were modified by sex. Our sample comprised 733 females and 685 males of European ancestry enrolled in the longitudinal Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (up to 7 annual study visits). Sex- and age-specific Z-scores, adjusted for height, were calculated for the total hip, femoral neck, spine, and distal radius. Total body less head (TBLH) BMC Z-scores were also calculated. The previously reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near EN1 and SOX6 were derived from our imputed data set. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test associations between each SNP and bone Z-scores, plus interactions with sex were explored. The rare T allele of lead EN1 SNP rs11692564 was associated with higher aBMD Z-score for total hip (beta = 0.62, p = 9.0 × 10−4) and femoral neck (beta = 0.53, p = 0.010). In sex-stratified analyses, this variant was associated with higher bone Z-scores in females only, with the associations being strongest for total hip (sex interaction p = 1.9 × 10−4; beta females = 0.86, p = 6.6 × 10−6) and femoral neck (sex interaction p = 0.016; beta females = 0.73, p = 0.001). The common G allele of SOX6 SNP rs11024028 was associated with higher aBMD Z-score for total hip (beta = 0.12, p = 0.009), femoral neck (beta = 0.13, p = 0.003), and TBLH-BMC (beta = 0.09, p = 0.007); furthermore, this association strengthened in males in the sex-stratified analyses. Our findings reveal that rare genetic variation near EN1 and common variation near SOX6 operates in childhood and has implications for the lifelong risk of osteoporosis and fracture. The sex differences observed need to be independently replicated. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Asthma Model Occurs Independently of Secretion of β1 Integrins in Airway Wall and Focal Adhesions Proteins Down Regulation
Authors: Álvarez‐Santos Mayra , Carbajal Verónica , Tellez‐Jiménez Olivia , Martínez‐Cordero Erasmo , Ruiz Victor , Hernández‐Pando Rogelio , Lascurain Ricardo , Santibañez‐Salgado Alfredo , Bazan‐Perkins Blanca 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe extracellular domains of some membrane proteins can be shed from the cell. A similar phenomenon occurs with β1 integrins (α1β1 and α2β1) in guinea pig. The putative role of β1 integrin subunit alterations due to shedding in airway smooth muscle (ASM) in an allergic asthma model was evaluated. Guinea pigs were sensitized and challenged with antigen. Antigenic challenges induced bronchoobstruction and hyperresponsiveness at the third antigenic challenge. Immunohistochemistry and immunoelectronmicroscopy studies showed that the cytosolic and extracellular domains of the β1 integrin subunit shared the same distribution in airway structures in both groups. Various polypeptides with similar molecular weights were detected with both the cytosolic and extracellular β1 integrin subunit antibodies in isolated airway myocytes and the connective tissue that surrounds the ASM bundle. Flow cytometry and Western blot studies showed that the expression of cytosolic and extracellular β1 integrin subunit domains in ASM was similar between groups. An increment of ITGB1 mRNA in ASM was observed in the asthma model group. RACE‐PCR of ITGB1 in ASM did not show splicing variants. The expression levels of integrin‐linked kinase (ILK) and paxillin diminished in the asthma model, but not talin. The levels of phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) at Thr696 increased in asthma model. Our work suggests that β1 integrin is secreted in guinea pig airway wall. This secretion is not altered in asthma model; nevertheless, β1 integrin cytodomain assembly proteins in focal cell adhesions in which ILK and paxillin are involved are altered in asthma model. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2385–2396, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extended‐Release Once‐Daily Formulation of Tofacitinib: Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics Compared With Immediate‐Release Tofacitinib and Impact of Food
Authors: Lamba Manisha , Wang Rong , Fletcher Tracey , Alvey Christine , Kushner Joseph , Stock Thomas C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. An extended‐release (XR) formulation has been designed to provide a once‐daily (QD) dosing option to patients to achieve comparable pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters to the twice‐daily immediate‐release (IR) formulation. We conducted 2 randomized, open‐label, phase 1 studies in healthy volunteers. Study A characterized single‐dose and steady‐state PK of tofacitinib XR 11 mg QD and intended to demonstrate equivalence of exposure under single‐dose and steady‐state conditions to tofacitinib IR 5 mg twice daily. Study B assessed the effect of a high‐fat meal on the bioavailability of tofacitinib from the XR formulation. Safety and tolerability were monitored in both studies. In study A (N = 24), the XR and IR formulations achieved time to maximum plasma concentration at 4 hours and 0.5 hours postdose, respectively; terminal half‐life was 5.9 hours and 3.2 hours, respectively. Area under plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) after single‐ and multiple‐dose administration were equivalent between the XR and IR formulations. In study B (N = 24), no difference in AUC was observed for fed vs fasted conditions. Cmax increased by 27% under the fed state. On repeat administration, negligible accumulation (<20%) of systemic exposures was observed for both formulations. Steady state was achieved within 48 hours of dosing with the XR formulation. Tofacitinib administration as an XR or IR formulation was generally well tolerated in these studies.
Anaerobic digestion of wastewater from the production of bleached chemical thermo‐mechanical pulp – higher methane production for hardwood than softwood
Authors: Larsson Madeleine , Truong Xu‐Bin , Björn Annika , Ejlertsson Jörgen , Svensson Bo H , Bastviken David , Karlsson Anna 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChemical thermo‐mechanical pulp (CTMP) mills holds a large biomethane potential in their wastewater. Their broadened market has involved increased bleaching and utilization of different raw materials. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to obtain and maintain a well‐functioning anaerobic digestion (AD) process, with a high methane yield and total organic carbon (TOC) reduction, when digesting CTMP wastewater, from different production protocols including shifts in raw material and bleaching. A lab‐scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor was used for the tests.RESULTSThe variations in raw material (spruce, birch and aspen) and consequently in TOC‐loading (3.6–6.6 kg TOC m−3 and day−1) did not affect the UASB process negatively. Methane production values from 360 to 500 NmL g−1 TOC were obtained, with the highest yield for wastewater from the production of birch‐ followed by aspen‐ and spruce pulp. The acetic acid and filtered‐TOC (fTOC) reduction ranged from 90 to 95% and 61 to 73%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSA well‐functioning process maintained during shifts in raw material for pulp production which shows that AD is feasible for CTMP mills with a diversified product portfolio. Furthermore, the increased use of hardwood and bleaching will most likely increase their potential as a biomethane producer. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
(1, k)‐Coloring of Graphs with Girth at Least Five on a Surface
Authors: Choi Hojin , Choi Ilkyoo , Jeong Jisu , Suh Geewon 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA graph is ‐colorable if its vertex set can be partitioned into r sets so that the maximum degree of the graph induced by is at most for each . For a given pair , the question of determining the minimum such that planar graphs with girth at least g are ‐colorable has attracted much interest. The finiteness of was known for all cases except when . Montassier and Ochem explicitly asked if d2(5, 1) is finite. We answer this question in the affirmative with ; namely, we prove that all planar graphs with girth at least five are (1, 10)‐colorable. Moreover, our proof extends to the statement that for any surface S of Euler genus γ, there exists a where graphs with girth at least five that are embeddable on S are (1, K)‐colorable. On the other hand, there is no finite k where planar graphs (and thus embeddable on any surface) with girth at least five are (0, k)‐colorable.
Equistarable Graphs and Counterexamples to Three Conjectures on Equistable Graphs
Authors: Milanič Martin , Trotignon Nicolas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEquistable graphs are graphs admitting positive weights on vertices such that a subset of vertices is a maximal stable set if and only if it is of total weight 1. Strongly equistable graphs are graphs such that for every and every nonempty subset T of vertices that is not a maximal stable set, there exist positive vertex weights assigning weight 1 to every maximal stable set such that the total weight of T does not equal c. General partition graphs are the intersection graphs of set systems over a finite ground set U such that every maximal stable set of the graph corresponds to a partition of U. General partition graphs are exactly the graphs every edge of which is contained in a strong clique. In 1994, Mahadev, Peled, and Sun proved that every strongly equistable graph is equistable, and conjectured that the converse holds as well. In 2009, Orlin proved that every general partition graph is equistable, and conjectured that the converse holds as well. Orlin's conjecture, if true, would imply the conjecture due to Mahadev, Peled, and Sun. An “intermediate” conjecture, posed by Miklavič and Milanič in 2011, states that every equistable graph has a strong clique. The above conjectures have been verified for several graph classes. We introduce the notion of equistarable graphs and based on it construct counterexamples to all three conjectures within the class of complements of line graphs of triangle‐free graphs. We also show that not all strongly equistable graphs are general partition.
Introducing the Hospitalist Morale Index: A new tool that may be relevant for improving provider retention
Authors: Chandra Shalini , Wright Scott M. , Ghazarian Sharon , Kargul George M. , Howell Eric E. 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVETo develop a valid instrument to assess morale and explore the relationship between morale and intent to leave employment due to unhappiness.PATIENTS AND METHODSAn expert panel identified 46 drivers of hospitalist morale. In May 2009, responders of our single‐site pilot survey rated each driver in terms of current contentment and importance to their morale. With exploratory factor analysis, a 28‐item/7‐factor instrument emerged. In May 2011, the refined scale was distributed to 108 hospitalists from 2 academic and 3 community hospitals. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used for internal validation and refinement of the Hospitalist Morale Index. Importance ratings and contentment assessments were used to generate item scores, which were then combined to generate factor scores and personal morale scores. Results were used to validate the instrument and evaluate the relationship between hospitalist morale and intent to leave due to unhappiness.RESULTSThe 2011 response rate was 86%. The final CFA resulted in a 5‐factor and 5–stand‐alone‐item model. Personal morale scores were normally distributed (mean = 2.79, standard deviation = 0.58). For every categorical increase on a global question that assessed overall morale, personal morale scores rose 0.23 points (P < 0.001). Each 1‐point increase in personal morale score was associated with an 85% decrease (odds ratio: 0.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.05‐0.41, P < 0.001) in the odds of intending to leave because of unhappiness.CONCLUSIONThe Hospitalist Morale Index is a validated instrument that evaluates hospitalist morale across multiple dimensions of morale. The Hospitalist Morale Index may help program leaders monitor morale and develop customized and effective retention strategies. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:425–431. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Pilot study aiming to support sleep quality and duration during hospitalizations
Authors: Gathecha Evelyn , Rios Rebeca , Buenaver Luis F. , Landis Regina , Howell Eric , Wright Scott 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDSleep is a vital part to healing and recovery, hence poor sleep during hospitalizations is highly undesirable. Few studies have assessed interventions to optimize sleep among hospitalized patients.OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of sleep‐promoting interventions on sleep quality and duration among hospitalized patients.DESIGNQuasi‐experimental prospective study.SETTINGAcademic medical center.PARTICIPANTSAdult patients on the general medicine ward.INTERVENTIONNurse‐delivered sleep‐promoting interventions augmented by sleep hygiene education and environmental control to minimize sleep disruption.MEASUREMENTSObjective and subjective measurement of sleep parameters using validated sleep questionnaires, daily sleep diary, and actigraphy monitor.RESULTSOf the 112 patients studied, the mean age was 58 years, 55% were female, the mean body mass index was 32, and 43% were in the intervention group. Linear mixed models tested mean differences in 7 sleep measures and group differences in slopes representing nightly changes in sleep outcomes over the course of hospitalization between intervention and control groups. Only total sleep time, computed from sleep diaries, demonstrated significant overall mean difference of 49.6 minutes (standard error [SE] = 21.1, P < 0.05). However, significant differences in average slopes of subjective ratings of sleep quality (0.46, SE = 0.18, P < 0.05), refreshing sleep (0.54, SE = 0.19, P < 0.05), and sleep interruptions (−1.6, SE = 0.6, P < 0.05) indicated improvements during hospitalization within intervention patients compared to controls.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that there is an opportunity to identify patients not sleeping well in the hospital. Sleep‐promoting initiatives, both at the unit level as well as individualized offerings, may improve sleep during hospitalizations, particularly over the course of the hospitalization. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:467–472. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Comparative data on the differentiation and growth of bone ornamentation in gnathostomes (Chordata: Vertebrata)
Authors: de Buffrénil Vivian , Clarac François , Canoville Aurore , Laurin Michel 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBone ornamentation, in the form of rounded pits framed by a network of ridges, is a frequent feature among a great diversity of gnathostome taxa. However, the basic osteogenic processes controlling the differentiation and development of these reliefs remain controversial. The present study is a broad comparative survey of this question with the classical methods used in hard tissue histology and paleohistology. Distinct processes, unevenly distributed among taxa, are involved in the creation and growth of pits and ridges. The simplest one is mere differential growth between pit bottom (slow growth) and ridge top (faster growth). The involvement of several complex remodeling processes, with the local succession of resorption and reconstruction cycles, is frequent and occurs in all major gnathostome clades. Some broad, inclusive clades (e.g., Temnospondyli) display consistency in the mechanisms controlling ornamentation, whereas other clades (e.g., Actinopterygii) are characterized by the diversity of the mechanisms involved. If osteogenic mechanisms are taken into account, bone ornamentation should be considered as a character extremely prone to homoplasy. Maximum likelihood (ML) optimizations reveal that the plesiomorphic mechanism creating ornamentation is differential apposition rate over pits (slow growth) and ridges (faster growth). In some taxas e.g., temnospondyls vs lissamphibians or pseudosuchians, bone ornamentation is likely to be a homoplastic feature due to a convergence process driven by similar selective pressures. ML models of character evolution suggest that the presence of resorption in the development of ornamentation may be selectively advantageous, although support for this conclusion is only moderate. J. Morphol. 277:634–670, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproductive system of females of the Magdalena river endemic stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae: Anatomical and functional aspects
Authors: del Mar Pedreros‐Sierra Tania , Arrieta‐Prieto Dagoberto M. , Mejía‐Falla Paola A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTWe studied anatomical and functional aspects of the reproductive system of females of the Magdalena river stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae using microscopic and macroscopic analysis of each organ. Although the reproductive tract was fully functional on both side, the left organs possibly have a greater contribution to reproductive success, because left ovary and uterus were more developed and had higher number of oocytes and embryos, respectively, than the right ones. This species has histotrophic viviparity given by the presence of uterine trophonemata and by glandular character in pregnant and postpartum females. We suggest that the epigonal organ is involved in the degradation of components of atretic follicles and the embryos begin to develop surrounded by a gelatinous tertiary envelope produced by the oviducal gland. This latter organ is composed by three zones in mature females, club, papillary, and baffle zone, as described for other elasmobranchs. From the anatomical observations, a maturity scale comprising six sexual maturity stages (Immature I, Immature II, early mature, pregnant, post‐partum, and regenerating) was established for female P. magdalenae, and it can be useful as basis for reproductive studies of other potamotrygonid species. Finally, we propose a continuous reproductive cycle for P. magdalenae. J. Morphol. 277:680–697, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.