bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cocaine Exposure Enhances the Activity of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons via Calcium-Impermeable NMDARs
Authors: Creed Meaghan , Kaufling Jennifer , Fois Giulia R. , Jalabert Marion , Yuan Tifei , Lüscher Christian , Georges Francois , Bellone Camilla 
Published: October 2016

Potentiation of excitatory inputs onto dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) induced by cocaine exposure allows remodeling of the mesocorticolimbic circuitry, which ultimately drives drug-adaptive behavior. This potentiation is mediated by changes in NMDAR and AMPAR subunit composition. It remains unknown how this synaptic plasticity affects the activity of dopamine neurons. Here, using rodents, we demonstrate that a single cocaine injection increases the firing rate and bursting activity of VTA dopamine neurons, and that these increases persist for 7 d. This enhanced activity depends on the insertion of low-conductance, Ca2+-impermeable NMDARs that contain GluN3A. Since such receptors are not capable of activating small-conductance potassium channels, the intrinsic excitability of VTA dopamine neurons increases. Activation of group I mGluRs rescues synaptic plasticity and restores small-conductance calcium-dependent potassium channel function, normalizing the firing activity of dopamine neurons. Our study characterizes a mechanism linking drug-evoked synaptic plasticity to neural activity, revealing novel targets for therapeutic interventions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe show that cocaine-evoked synaptic changes onto ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons leads to long-lasting increases in their burst firing. This increase is due to impaired function of Ca2+-activated small-conductance calcium-dependent potassium (SK) channels; SK channels regulate firing of VTA DA neurons, but this regulation was absent after cocaine. Cocaine exposure drives the insertion of GluN3A-containing NMDARs onto VTA DA neurons. These receptors are Ca2+-impermeable, and thus SK channels are not efficiently activated by synaptic activity. InGluN3Aknock-out mice, cocaine did not alter SK channel function or VTA DA neuron firing. This study directly links synaptic changes to increased intrinsic excitability of VTA DA neurons after cocaine, and explains how acute cocaine induces long-lasting remodeling of the mesolimbic DA system.
Phototherapy and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Newman Thomas B. , Wickremasinghe Andrea C. , Walsh Eileen M. , Grimes Barbara A. , McCulloch Charles E. , Kuzniewicz Michael W. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Increases in both phototherapy use and the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1) have been reported. One large study has suggested a strong association between them. Our objective was to quantify any association between neonatal phototherapy and DM-1 in a northern California integrated health care system.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study included 499 642 children born at ≥35 weeks’ gestation in 15 Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals from 1995 to 2011 and followed until March 31, 2014. We ascertained phototherapy, bilirubin levels, and other covariates from electronic records. We identified DM-1 cases using a diabetes registry and inpatient and outpatient diagnoses. We used traditional and propensity-adjusted Cox models to quantify associations.

RESULTS:
Phototherapy use increased from 2.7% in 1995 to 16.0% in 2011. DM-1 was diagnosed in 37 of 39 406 children who had received phototherapy (15.1 per 100 000 person-years; mean follow-up 6.2 years) and 712 of 460 236 who had not (18.8 per 100 000 person-years; mean follow-up 8.2 years). There was no evidence of increasing diabetes incidence. We found no association between phototherapy and DM-1 in either unadjusted analyses (incidence rate ratio 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 1.12) or analyses adjusted for hyperbilirubinemia and other covariates (hazard ratio 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 1.45). DM-1 incidence was most strongly associated with race and ethnicity, with whites at highest risk (25.6 per 100 000) and Asians at lowest risk (8.9 per 100 000).

CONCLUSIONS:
We found no evidence of increased DM-1 risk in children who had received phototherapy.
Urine Concentration and Pyuria for Identifying UTI in Infants
Authors: Chaudhari Pradip P. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Bachur Richard G. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND:
Varying urine white blood cell (WBC) thresholds have been recommended for the presumptive diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) among young infants. These thresholds have not been studied with newer automated urinalysis systems that analyze uncentrifuged urine that might be influenced by urine concentration. Our objective was to determine the optimal urine WBC threshold for UTI in young infants by using an automated urinalysis system, stratified by urine concentration.

METHODS:
Retrospective cross-sectional study of infants aged &lt;3 months evaluated for UTI in the emergency department with paired urinalysis and urine culture. UTI was defined as ≥50 000 colony-forming units/mL from catheterized specimens. Test characteristics were calculated across a range of WBC and leukocyte esterase (LE) cut-points, dichotomized into specific gravity groups (dilute &lt;1.015; concentrated ≥1.015).

RESULTS:
Two-thousand seven hundred infants with a median age of 1.7 months were studied. UTI prevalence was 7.8%. Optimal WBC cut-points were 3 WBC/high-power field (HPF) in dilute urine (likelihood ratio positive [LR+] 9.9, likelihood ratio negative [LR‒] 0.15) and 6 WBC/HPF (LR+ 10.1, LR‒ 0.17) in concentrated urine. For dipstick analysis, positive LE has excellent test characteristics regardless of urine concentration (LR+ 22.1, LR‒ 0.12 in dilute urine; LR+ 31.6, LR‒ 0.22 in concentrated urine).

CONCLUSIONS:
Urine concentration should be incorporated into the interpretation of automated microscopic urinalysis in young infants. Pyuria thresholds of 3 WBC/HPF in dilute urine and 6 WBC/HPF in concentrated urine are recommended for the presumptive diagnosis of UTI. Without correction of specific gravity, positive LE by automated dipstick is a reliably strong indicator of UTI.
Efecto del estrés hídrico sobre la acumulación y distribución de biomasa en Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden
Authors: Mejía de Tafur María Sara , Zapata Claudia Marcela , Urrego John Byron , Ibarra Espinoza Dora Mónica , Leal José Joaquín 
Published: October 2016

Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto del estrés hídrico sobre el crecimiento y distribución de biomasa del E. grandis, fueron establecidos dos experimentos en macetas a la intemperie en sitos contrastantes del Valle del Cauca, Colombia (Palmira, 23.5º C y Restrepo, 18º C), se evaluaron 4 genotipos (28-3, 18-3, 24A-5, y 19-1) a la disponibilidad de agua en el suelo (capacidad de campo (cc), ½ cc, ¼ cc y saturación) empleando un diseño de parcelas divididas, con 16 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones, cubriendo la superficie de las macetas con tela plástica para evitar la entrada de agua lluvia. En las dos localidades se presentaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. En Palmira las plantas acumularon mayor biomasa cuando estuvieron a cc y en Restrepo a ½ y ¼ cc. El tratamiento más limitante en ambos sitios fue el anegado. Los genotipos presentaron diferencias en la capacidad de acumular biomasa en fustes, siendo el 24A-5 y el 28-3 los que presentaron mayor peso en fustes, aunque no en hojas. Se encontró relación positiva y altamente significativa entre el área foliar y la biomasa del fuste y mayor eficiencia en el uso del agua (EUA) bajo condiciones de déficit hídrico. Sin embargo, la tolerancia al estrés ocasionó la disminución de la acumulación de biomasa, posiblemente por el gasto de energía para activar los mecanismos de defensa que se dan en mayor o menor grado según la intensidad del estrés y de otras condiciones ambientales como la temperatura.
К вопросу о переоснащении теоретико-методологического аппарата исторической науки
Authors: Горюнков Сергей Викторович 
Published: October 2016

<p>В статье рассматривается проблема научного качества исторического образа мышления. Суть проблемы, как показывает эмпирический материал, заключается в том, что теоретическое обоснование так называемого принципа историзма скрыто содержит в себе «родовой ген» тавтологического понимания идеи развития.</p><p>Настоящего интереса к данной проблеме не наблюдается, ее комплексной разработки не существует. Есть лишь разрозненные наблюдения теоретико-методологического характера, принадлежащие ученым самого разного профиля. Они либо рассыпаны по статьям и монографиям узкоспециальной направленности, либо принадлежат авторам, работы которых по тем или иным причинам (идеологическим, конъюнктурным и др.) задвинуты на периферию научного внимания.</p><p>Как следствие, методологическая ситуация в исторической науке лишена четкого языка описания. С одной стороны, имеет место инерционная приверженность массового научного сознания устаревшим, но сохраняющим видимость научности, предпосылочным установкам. С другой стороны, наблюдается возрастающий интерес к эмпирически выверенной, но не имеющей пока еще под собой полноценного теоретического обоснования фактологии. А противоречие между этими двумя подходами начинает постепенно осознаваться как проявление кризиса методологии исторических исследований.</p><p>Преодоление кризиса предлагается начать с операционализации языка его описания — с переоснащения теоретико-методологического инструментария исторической науки в когнитивистском направлении. Проще же говоря, методологической альтернативой тем априорным и тавтологическим суждениям, которые до сих пор выдаются и принимаются за «принцип историзма», должна послужить опора на эмпирический материал по исторической семантике ментально-языковых структур. </p>
Карьерные планы старшекурсников и требования рынка труда: проблема соответствия
Authors: Короткова Марина Сергеевна 
Published: October 2016

<p>Вхождение молодежи в социально-экономическое воспроизводство общества происходит в кризисной ситуации, осложненной сокращением рабочих мест, задержкой выплаты заработной платы, сокращением рабочей недели, несоблюдением трудового законодательства. Если добавить к этому увеличенные требования работодателей, то процесс поиска работы и само трудоустройство представляют собой сложное испытание, требующее особой подготовки соискателей.</p><p>Анализ результатов исследования карьерных планов старшекурсников Московского гуманитарного университета (в опросе приняли участие 168 бакалавров выпускных курсов), проведенного в конце 2015 учебного года Центром содействия трудоустройству выпускников МосГУ, позволил выявить проблемы, препятствующие успешному трудоустройству выпускников.</p><p>Труд остается значимым фактором личностного самоопределения значительной части выпускников. Половина старшекурсников планируют пойти работать по специальности, имея опыт работы в осваиваемой сфере во время учебы.</p><p>Отличительной чертой мотивации труда молодежи является ее инструментализация: для трети выпускников не так важна специальность, сколько заработная плата, которую предложат на новом месте. Установлены корреляции между желаемым уровнем заработной платы и направлением обучения выпускников: зарплатный максимум установлен в группе студентов-международников, впоследствии более других испытывающих трудности в поиске работы.</p><p>Чрезмерная амбициозность при отсутствии опыта, отсутствие блеска в глазах, системности мышления и понимания своей нужности в организации — основные причины отказа работодателей. Собственное время и комфорт представляются респондентам более ценными критериями поиска работы, нежели ожидание интересной работы и развитие профессиональных качеств.</p>Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о неподготовленности старшекурсников к поиску работы, непониманию ситуации на рынке труда, незнанию требований работодателей. Решение перечисленных проблем составляет основное поле деятельности Центра содействия трудоустройства выпускников МосГУ.<em></em>
Relación entre la hiperhomocisteinemia plasmática y la enfermedad cerebrovascular de pequeños vasos en el servicio de neurología del Hospital Almenara-Essalud, Lima.
Authors: Montalván-Ayala Víctor , Palacin-Arias Lorenzo , Morales-Cuervo Vicky , Pachas-Vicuña Carlos 
Published: October 2016

Objetivos: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de muerte en el mundo. Se ha identificado a la hiperhomocisteinemia como uno de los factores de riesgo modificables para ésta enfermedad. El objetivo delestudio es determinar la asociación entre la hiperhomocisteinemia y la enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) por enfermedad de pequeños vasos (EPV). Material y Métodos: se incluyeron 101 historias clínicas de pacientes conECV admitidos durante 5 meses de manera consecutiva. Se excluyeron pacientes con ECV cardioembólica. Los infartos se clasificaron en aquellos debidos a EPV y a otros subtipos de infarto no cardioembólico (NoEPV). Secompararon los niveles medios de homocisteína plasmática entre ambos grupos. Se estudió la relación entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular incluida la hiperhomocisteinemia; y la EPV a través de un análisis bivariado y multivariado para factores de confusión. Resultados: Se incluyeron 101 pacientes con ECV. En el grupo de EPV, el 54,5% tenían hiperhomocisteinemia comparado con el 26,4% en el grupo NoEPV. Los niveles promedio de homocisteína plasmática en el grupo EPV y NoEPV fueron de 14,37umol/L y 11,32umol/L respectivamente(p<0,0001). Se encontró una asociación significativa entre la hiperhomocisteinemia y EPV (OR ajustado=2,7;p=0,006).Conclusiones: La hiperhomocisteinemia se asoció fuertemente con EPV, independientemente de otros factores de riesgo vascular.
Aportaciones para la definición de elementos visuales determinantes del paisaje
Authors: Fidalgo Pedro 
Published: October 2016

Índice1 Introducción2 Aspectos intrínsecos a la configuración del paisaje 2.1 Componentes antrópicos 2.2 Componentes bióticos 2.3 Componentes abióticos 2.4 Componentes cósmicos3 Construcción de un modelo de componentes que configuran el paisaje4 Aspectos condicionantes de la percepción y valoración del pasiaje 4.1 Variables universales 4.2 Variables físicopsíquicas 4.3 Variables socioculturales 4.4 Varaibles de análisis5 Construcción de un modelo de variables que condicionan la percepción y valoración del paisaje6 Construcción de un modelo de elementos visuales determinantes del paisaje7 Conclusiones8 BibliografíaResumen:La definición de un listado de elementos que determinan la cualidad visual del paisaje se presenta como una herramienta básica para profundizar en el conocimiento del territorio y justificar las intervenciones en el entorno. Los diferentes enfoques permiten considerar los elementos visuales determinantes del paisaje desde dos perspectivas diferentes: una que integra los componentes intrínsecos a la configuración del territorio visual y otra que se refiere a las variables que determinan la percepción del paisaje y su apreciación. En este trabajo se identifica y caracteriza, con base en su origen o estado físico, cada uno de los grupos de componentes y variables. El resultado permite construir un modelo que encuadra y relaciona los diferentes grupos de Elementos Visuales Determinantes del Paisaje.DescriptoresPaisaje / Elementos del paisaje / Elementos visuales / Análisis del paisaje / Evaluación del paisajeAbstractThe definition of a list of elements that determine the visual quality of the landscape is presented as a basic tool to deepen the knowledge of the territory and justify interventions in the environment. The different approaches can considered the determining visual landscape elements from two different perspectives: one that integrates the intrinsic configuration components of the visual territory and another that relates to the variables that determine the perception of the landscape and its assessment. This article identifies and characterized, based on their origin or physical state, each of the groups components and variables. The result allows to construct a model that fits and relates the different groups of Determinants Visual Elements of Landscape.Keywords: Landscape / Landscape elements / Visual elements / Landscape analysis / Landscape assessment
O PROBLEMA DE UMA TEORIA DO SIGNIFICADO EM HUME
Authors: Silva Marcos Rodrigues da 
Published: October 2016

Este artigo pretende investigar a distinção metodológica de Hume com relação aos problemas da conexão causal e da justificação da crença.Abstract: This paper intends to investigate the methodological distinction provided by Hume about the problems of causal connection and justification of belief.
P-Hacking in Orthopaedic Literature: A Twist to the Tail
Authors: Bin Abd Razak Hamid Rahmatullah , Ang Jin-Guang Ernest , Attal Hersh , Howe Tet-Sen , Allen John Carson 
Published: October 2016

Background:
“P-hacking” occurs when researchers preferentially select data or statistical analyses until nonsignificant results become significant. We wanted to evaluate if the phenomenon of p-hacking was evident in orthopaedic literature.

Methods:
We text-mined through all articles published in three top orthopaedic journals in 2015. For anonymity, we cipher-coded the three journals. We included all studies that reported a single p value to answer their main hypothesis. These p values were then charted and frequency graphs were generated to illustrate any evidence of p-hacking. Binomial tests were employed to look for evidence of evidential value and significance of p-hacking.

Results:
Frequency plots for all three journals revealed evidence of p-hacking. Binomial tests for all three journals were significant for evidence of evidential value (p < 0.0001 for all). However, the binomial test for p-hacking was significant only for one journal (p = 0.0092).

Conclusions:
P-hacking is an evolving phenomenon that threatens to jeopardize the evidence-based practice of medicine. Although our results show that there is good evidential value for orthopaedic literature published in our top journals, there is some evidence of p-hacking of which authors and readers should be wary.
Antecedents of IT Governance Effectiveness: An Empirical Examination in Brazilian Firms
Authors: Lunardi Guilherme Lerch , Maçada Antonio Carlos Gastaud , Becker João Luiz , Van Grembergen Wim 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Although some authors have stated that effective IT governance is crucial for any organization to achieve its corporate goals, little empirical research is available supporting the assumptions regarding the factors that determine the effectiveness of IT governance. This paper analyzes the main IT governance domains (i.e., IT strategic alignment, IT risk management, IT value delivery, IT resource management, and IT performance management) and the presence of several IT governance mechanisms that constitute antecedents of IT governance effectiveness. We used partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses based on survey data from 87 large Brazilian companies. Our results show IT strategic alignment, IT value delivery, IT risk management, and IT performance management have a positive and significant impact on the effectiveness of IT governance. Further, we found associations of structural, procedural, and relational mechanisms with the main IT governance domains suggesting their adoption can improve IT governance within organizations.
A Case of Aspergilloma with Mucin Secreting Adenocarcinoma in the Cavity Wall
Authors: Agarwal S , Gupta K , Mullick S , Dewan R K 
Published: October 2016

A Pulmonary aspergillosis and lung cancer rarely occur simultaenously. We report a 63 year old female with complaint of heamoptysis. Contrast enhanced chest revealed a cavity containing fungus ball in the left lung lower lobe suggestive of a fungoma. Left lower lobectomy was done for intractable heamoptysis. The histological examination of the reselected specimen showed colonies of aspergilli in the cavity and mucin secreting adenocarcinoma in the cavitary wall. Careful gross examination of the patient must be done to rule out metastasis.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2015; 12(1), Page: 39-41
Evaluation and Referral of Diabetic Eye Disease in the Endocrinology and Primary Care Office Settings
Authors: Silva Fabiana Q. , Adhi Mehreen , Wai Karen M. , Olansky Leann , Lansang M. Cecilia , Singh Rishi P. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to identify whether endocrinologists and primary care physicians (PCP) adequately screen for ophthalmic symptoms/signs within office visits and provide timely ophthalmology referrals in patients with diabetes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Patients between the ages of 18 years and 80 years with diabetes who underwent an office visit with an endocrinologist or a PCP between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014, were identified. Demographics, ophthalmic assessments, and referral information were collected.

RESULTS:

A total of 1,250 patient records were reviewed. Providers asked about ophthalmic symptoms/signs in 95.5% and 71% of endocrinology and primary care office encounters, respectively (
P
< .0001). Past and/or future ophthalmology appointments were verified in 86.1% and 49.7% of patients during endocrinology and PCP visits, respectively (
P
< .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Ophthalmic complications from diabetes are not adequately screened, especially within the primary care setting, and further quality improvement measures may improve adherence to recommended screening protocols.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:930–934.]
Dynamics of a Modified Predator-Prey System to allow for a Functional Response and Time Delay
Authors: Liu Wei , Jiang Yaolin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA modified predator-prey system described by two differential equations and an algebraic equation is discussed. Formulae for determining the direction of a Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions are derived differential-algebraic system theory, bifurcation theory and centre manifold theory. Numerical simulations illustrate the results, which includes quite complex dynamical behaviour.
A Fully Discrete Spectral Method for Fisher’s Equation on the Whole Line
Authors: Jiao Yu-Jian , Wang Tian-Jun , Zhang Qiong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA generalised Hermite spectral method for Fisher's equation in genetics with different asymptotic solution behaviour at infinities is proposed, involving a fully discrete scheme using a second order finite difference approximation in the time. The convergence and stability of the scheme are analysed, and some numerical results demonstrate its efficiency and substantiate our theoretical analysis.