bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermally assisted self‐healing polyurethane containing carboxyl groups
Authors: Zhu Kai , Song Qiuju , Chen Hongmei , Hu Ping 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTSelf‐healing polymer is a kind of intelligent material with the capability to repair damage automatically. In this paper, a type of polyurethane containing carboxyl groups is reported that demonstrates thermally assisted healing effects. This polymer can be healed even 72 h after cutting and also has a repeatable healing property. The self‐healing efficiency can reach 90% when comparing the tensile strength of the healed sample to the original sample. Carboxyl content plays an important role in the self‐healing property; polyurethane with no carboxyl groups cannot be healed. The mechanism of self‐healing showed that hydrogen bonding interactions between carboxyl groups and diffusion of poly(ethylene glycol) chains contribute to the self‐healing behavior. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45929.
Distributed Consensus of Multi‐Agent Systems with Input Faults and Time‐Varying Delays
Authors: Fattahi M. , Afshar A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis work studies the consensus problem of multi‐agent systems with input faults and time‐varying delays. The assumed faults in the system are loss of effectiveness of actuator and nonlinear additive term mixed with nominal input. For system faults that are nonlinear, constraints of constant norm‐bounded, sector nonlinearity, and unbounded nonlinearity with known basis functions are considered. Employing a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method, delay dependent consensus criteria are established to show the exponential behavior of the system. Finally, one simulation example is solved to demonstrate the advantage of the obtained results.
Mitochondrial DNA mutation load in a family with the m.8344A>G point mutation and lipomas: a case study
Authors: Jeppesen Tina Dysgaard , Al‐Hashimi Noor , Duno Morten , Wibrand Flemming , Andersen Grete , Vissing John 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessageStudies have shown that difference in mtDNA mutation load among tissues is a result of postnatal modification. We present five family members with the m.8344A>G with variable phenotypes but uniform intrapersonal distribution of mutation load, indicating that there is no postnatal modification of mtDNA mutation load in this genotype.
Physical rehabilitation modulates microRNAs involved in multiple sclerosis: a case report
Authors: Vallelunga Annamaria , Berlingieri Carmine , Ragusa Marco , Purrello Michele , Stabile Maria Rosaria , Calabrese Maria Consiglia , Morales‐Medina Julio Cesar , Palmieri Beniamino , Iannitti Tommaso 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessageThis study shows that neuromuscular taping improves gait, balance, pain and ability to walk and conduct daily activities in a multiple sclerosis patient. It is the first study to identify a panel of miRNAs modulated throughout rehabilitation using neuromuscular taping in a multiple sclerosis patient.
Cp*CoIII‐Catalyzed Bis‐isoquinolone Synthesis by C−H Annulation of Arylamide with 1,3‐Diyne
Authors: Sen Malay , Mandal Rajib , Das Ashis , Kalsi Deepti , Sundararaju Basker 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCp*CoIII‐catalyzed highly regioselective mono‐ and bis‐annulation of arylamides with 1,3‐diynes usingN−OMe as an internal oxidant is demonstrated. This atom‐economical transformation does not require any external oxidant and tolerates many functional groups. Various symmetrical and unsymmetrical heterocycles (homo and hetero) are accessed with predictable regio‐ and chemoselectivity.
Split‐and‐Combine Approach Towards Branched Precision Glycomacromolecules and Their Lectin Binding Behavior
Authors: Baier Mischa , Giesler Markus , Hartmann Laura 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPreviously, monodisperse and sequence‐controlled oligo(amidoamine) scaffolds were synthesized based on the step‐wise assembly of tailor‐made building blocks on a solid support that allow for the multivalent presentation of sugar ligands. Here, we extend on this concept using a split‐and‐combine approach to gain access to a small library of linear and branched glycomacromolecules. Azide side chains were introduced in the scaffold by the use of a novel building block allowing for copper‐mediated azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) of readily available propargyl‐functionalized glycans. In the first stage, after assembly of the linear scaffold on solid support, the batch was divided into two. One part of the resin‐bound oligomers was end‐capped and further used as backbone and the other part was functionalized with propargylated α‐d‐mannopyranoside in the sidechain, end capped with an alkyne functionality and finally cleaved from solid support to give the branching arm. In the second stage, the linear, glycosylated and alkynylated arms were then coupled to the end capped backbone via CuAAC. In this way, branched glycomacromolecules with two and three branches, respectively, have been synthesized carrying from two to six sugar residues per molecule. Both, linear arms and branched glycomacromolecules were then subjected to a lectin binding assay using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and model lectin Concanavalin A (Con A) showing the effect of branching as well as valency on the binding kinetics.
Ketenimines Generated from Ynamides: Versatile Building Blocks for Nitrogen‐Containing Scaffolds
Authors: Dodd Robert H. , Cariou Kevin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUsing ynamides as readily available starting materials, a single step can generate highly reactive ketenimines, which can then undergo a variety of transformations. The choice of the method for generating the ketenimine dictates the outcome of the reaction that can, moreover, be precisely steered through minor variations of the starting material. This Concept gives an overview of the different existing methodologies for this objective, showcasing the diverse nitrogen‐containing frameworks that can be obtained by this highly versatile strategy.
A General Strategy for the Synthesis of PtM (M=Fe, Co, Ni) Decorated Three‐Dimensional Hollow Graphene Nanospheres for Efficient Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Qiu Xiaoyu , Li Tiancheng , Deng Sihui , Cen Ke , Xu Lin , Tang Yawen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA universal sacrificial template‐based synthesis strategy was reported to prepare three dimensional (3D) reduced oxide graphene supported PtM (M=Fe, Co, Ni) hollow nanospheres (PtM/RGO HNSs). The inner 3D wrinkle‐free graphene skeleton can promote electron and ion kinetics, resulting in enhancement for the permeation of small organic molecule in fuel cells. As inspired by this, the 3D PtM (M=Fe, Co, Ni)/RGO HNSs exhibit clearly enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability towards the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in acidic medium compared with a commercial Pt/C catalyst. This study provides a versatile approach of realizing controlled synthesis of 3D graphene–metal hybrid nanostructures irrespective of the components of the metal domains, and will pave the way for the design of hetero‐nanostructures with optimized morphologies and functions.
Multi‐site Cooperativity in Alkali‐Metal‐Exchanged Faujasites for the Production of Biomass‐Derived Aromatics
Authors: Rohling Roderigh Y. , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Pidko Evgeny A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe catalytic Diels–Alder cycloaddition–dehydration (DACD) reaction of furanics with ethylene is a promising route to bio‐derived aromatics. The reaction can be catalyzed by alkali‐metal‐exchanged faujasites. Herein, the results of periodic DFT calculations based on accurate structural models of alkali‐metal‐exchanged zeolites are presented, revealing the fundamental roles that confinement and the nature of the exchangeable cations in zeolite micropores have in the performance of faujasite‐based catalysts in the DACD reaction. Special attention is devoted to analyzing the effect of functional substituents on furanic substrates (furan, 2,5‐dimethylfuran, 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid) on the catalyst behavior. It is demonstrated that the conventional reactivity theories of the Diels–Alder chemistry based on simplistic single‐site Lewis acidity and substituent effects do not apply if catalytic processes in the multiple‐site confined environment of zeolite nanopores are considered. The nature and cooperativity of the interactions between the multiple exchangeable cations and the substrates determine the reaction energetics of the elementary steps involved in the DACD process.
Hard Carbons for Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes: Synthetic Strategies, Material Properties, and Storage Mechanisms
Authors: Wahid Malik , Puthusseri Dhanya , Gawli Yogesh , Sharma Neha , Ogale Satishchandra 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries are attracting much interest due to their potential as viable future alternatives for lithium‐ion batteries, in view of the much higher earth abundance of sodium over that of lithium. Although both battery systems have basically similar chemistries, the key celebrated negative electrode in lithium battery, namely, graphite, is unavailable for the sodium‐ion battery due to the larger size of the sodium ion. This need is satisfied by “hard carbon”, which can internalize the larger sodium ion and has desirable electrochemical properties. Unlike graphite, with its specific layered structure, however, hard carbon occurs in diverse microstructural states. Herein, the relationships between precursor choices, synthetic protocols, microstructural states, and performance features of hard carbon forms in the context of sodium‐ion battery applications are elucidated. Derived from the pertinent literature employing classical and modern structural characterization techniques, various issues related to microstructure, morphology, defects, and heteroatom doping are discussed. Finally, an outlook is presented to suggest emerging research directions.
Production of Low‐Freezing‐Point Highly Branched Alkanes through Michael Addition
Authors: Jing Yaxuan , Xia Qineng , Liu Xiaohui , Wang Yanqin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA new approach for the production of low‐freezing‐point, high‐quality fuels from lignocellulose‐derived molecules was developed with Michael addition as the key step. Among the investigated catalysts, CoCl2⋅6 H2O was found most active for the Michael addition of 2,4‐pentanedione with FA (single aldol adduct of furfural and acetone, 4‐(2‐furanyl)‐3‐butene‐2‐one). Over CoCl2⋅6 H2O, a high carbon yield of C13 oxygenates (about 75 %) can be achieved under mild conditions (353 K, 20 h). After hydrodeoxygenation, low‐freezing‐point (<223 K) branched alkanes with 13 carbons within jet fuel ranges were obtained over a Pd/NbOPO4 catalyst. Furthermore, C18,23 fuel precursors could be easily synthesized through Michael addition of 2,4‐pentanedione with DFA (double‐condensation product of furfural and acetone) under mild conditions and the molar ratio of C18/C23 is dependent on the reaction conditions of Michael addition. After hydrodeoxygenation, high density (0.8415 g mL−1) and low‐freezing‐point (<223 K) branched alkanes with 18, 23 carbons within lubricant range were also obtained over a Pd/NbOPO4 catalyst. These highly branched alkanes can be directly used as transportation fuels or additives. This work opens a new strategy for the synthesis of highly branched alkanes with low freezing point from renewable biomass.
Lifecycle cost optimization of tuned mass dampers for the seismic improvement of inelastic structures
Authors: Matta Emiliano 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe seismic performance of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) on structures undergoing inelastic deformations may largely depend on the ground motion intensity. By estimating the impact of each seismic intensity on the overall cost of future seismic damages, lifecycle cost (LCC) proves a rational metric for evaluating the benefits of TMDs on inelastic structures. However, no incorporation of this metric into an optimization framework is reported yet. This paper presents a methodology for the LCC‐optimal design of TMDs on inelastic structures, which minimizes the total seismic LCC of the combined building‐TMD system. Its distinctive features are the assumption of a mass‐proportional TMD cost model, the adoption of an iterative suboptimization procedure, and the initialization of the TMD frequency and damping ratios according to a conventional linear TMD design technique. The methodology is applied to the seismic improvement of the SAC‐LA benchmark buildings, taken as representative of standard steel moment‐resisting frame office buildings in LA, California. Results show that, despite their limited performance at the highest intensity levels, LCC‐optimal TMDs considerably reduce the total LCC, to an extent that depends on both the building vulnerability and the TMD unit cost. They systematically present large mass ratios (around 10%) and frequency and damping ratios close to their respective linearly designed optima. Simulations reveal the effectiveness of the proposed design methodology and the importance of adopting a nonlinear model to correctly evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of TMDs on ordinary structures in highly seismic areas.
Three‐dimensional Modeling of Gas Purge in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell with Co‐flow and Counter‐flow Pattern
Authors: Xu Peng , Xu Sichuan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGas purge is commonly utilized to minimize residual water after shutdown of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in cold weather, aiming to reduce damage of ice formation on cell performance and durability. In this paper, a three‐dimensional multiphase gas purge model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with co‐flow and counter‐flow pattern is established to investigate water removal characteristics using two‐fluid model. The present model mainly includes water transport in membrane, mass transfer between dissolved water and water vapor in catalyst layer (CL), phase change between liquid water and water vapor in porous media. Several cases with co‐flow and counter‐flow pattern have been investigated numerically. In the last, gas purge time comparison between a fresh cell and degraded cell is conducted. The numerical results show that counter‐flow pattern is better in keeping even water content distribution and avoiding over‐drying of membrane. Time constant for gas purge is different in terms of different final target value: water vapor, liquid water saturation, membrane water content. Degraded cells have 2 more seconds than fresh cells when cell temperature is 80 °C and velocity of purge gas 1m s−1.
Mast cells partially contribute to mucosal adjuvanticity of surfactin in mice
Authors: Yoshino Naoto , Takeshita Ryosuke , Kawamura Hanae , Sasaki Yutaka , Kagabu Masahiro , Sugiyama Toru , Muraki Yasushi , Sato Shigehiro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionSurfactin (SF) is a cyclic lipopeptide that has potent mucosal adjuvant properties. However, immunological mechanisms of SF adjuvant action have not yet been elucidated. As some cyclic lipopeptides, such as polymyxin, can stimulate histamine release from mast cells, we hypothesized that mast cell activation is critical for SF adjuvanticity.Methods/ResultsWe observed that following intranasal immunization with ovalbumin (OVA) plus SF, the titers of the OVA‐specific antibody (Ab) in the mucosal secretions and plasma of mast cell‐deficient mice were significantly lower than those in congenic normal mice, although OVA‐specific Ab did not entirely disappear from mast cell‐deficient mice. SF induced degranulation of mast cells and release of histamine in vitro. To investigate whether SF stimulated mast cells in vivo, we measured body temperature of mice immunized intranasally with OVA plus SF because histamine level affects body temperature. Following immunizations, body temperature of immunized congenic normal mice transiently decreased, whereas body temperature of mast cell‐deficient mice did not change. Plasma levels of OVA‐specific IgE Ab were not significantly different in mast cell‐deficient and congenic normal mice. These findings suggest that SF directly affected mast cells in an IgE Ab‐independent fashion. Furthermore, we analyzed the effects of SF on MC/9 mast cells cultured in vitro. MC/9 cells stimulated by SF released not only histamine but also leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin D2. Moreover, SF up‐regulated mRNA expression levels of Tnf, Ccr5, and Il4 genes in mast cells. These cytokines may play a facilitating role in OVA‐specific immune responses in mice.ConclusionOverall, our results showed that mast cell activation partially mediated SF adjuvanticity.
Prognostic predictability of the new American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th staging system for distal bile duct cancer: limited usefulness compared with the 7th staging system
Authors: Kang Jae Seung , Lee Seungyeoun , Son Donghee , Han Youngmin , Lee Kyung Bun , Kim Jae Ri , Kwon Wooil , Kim Sun‐Whe , Jang Jin‐Young 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe new 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging has recently been released and there are major changes in distal bile duct (DBD) cancer staging. However, clinical validation is needed before the changes can be widely implemented.MethodsThis study was performed to evaluate the prognostic predictability of the 8th AJCC staging compared with that of the 7th using C statistics.ResultsA total of 293 consecutive patients who had curative‐intended surgery were enrolled. There was no significant difference of the 5‐year survival rate between 7th T1 and T2 (P = 0.123), but significant difference between T2 and T3 (P = 0.039). There were significant differences in pairwise comparisons between the 8th T stage (T1 vs. T2, P = 0.001; T2 vs. T3, P = 0.014). The number of regional lymph node metastases also showed prognostic predictability. The 8th T and N stage both showed comparable prognostic predictability with the 7th (95% confidential intervals for C; T, −0.043 −0.097, N, −0.001 – 0.008).ConclusionsThe 8th AJCC staging for DBD cancer does not have better prognostic predictability than the 7th stage does. The previous pathologic results would become useless unless they were reviewed entirely. Therefore, introduction of the AJCC 8th staging has to be reconsidered, especially for new T staging.
The structure of the cutaneous pedal glands in the banded snail Cepaea hortensis (Müller, 1774)
Authors: von Byern Janek , Cyran Norbert , Klepal Waltraud , Rudoll Livia , Suppan Johannes , Greistorfer Sophie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough gastropods have been crawling through the ocean and on the land for 60 million years, we still know very little about the sticky mucus produced in their foot. Most research has been focused on marine species in particular and, to a lesser extent, on the well‐known terrestrial species Arion vulgaris and Cornu aspersum. Within this study, we aim to characterize the foot anatomy of a smaller representative of the family Helicidae, the banded snail Cepaea hortensis. We are particularly interested in the microanatomy of the foot glands, their position, and the histochemical nature of their secretory content. Characterization of the dorsal foot region of Cepaea hortensis reveals four glands, differing in their size and in the granules produced. Histochemically, three of them react positively for sugars (PAS staining and lectin affinity tests for mannose, glucose and N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine) and acidic proteins (positive Alcian blue and Toluidine blue staining), indicating the presence of acidic glycosaminoglycans. The fourth gland type does not react to any of these dyes. The ventral pedal region includes two different gland types, which are positive for the presence of acidic glycoproteins, with a lectin affinity for mannose only. A comparison with Helix pomatia indicates differences regarding the number of glands and their contents. In Helix, only three gland types are described in the dorsal region of the foot, which show a similar granular appearance but nevertheless differ in their chemical composition. Congruently, there are two gland types in the ventral region in both species, whereas in Helix an additional sugar moiety is found. This raises the question whether these differences between the pedal glandular systems of both helicid species are the result of protection or size‐related adaptations, as they occur in the same habitat.
Screening and identification of potential hypoglycemic components in Zeng Ye Tang by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Tian Yu Shan , Du Zhong Ying , Xiao Ying , Yu BoYang , Qi Jin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractZeng Ye Tang, a famous prescription consisting of Xuanshen, Maidong, and Shengdi (5:4:4), has been used in China for a long time to treat diabetes caused by excessive heat with yin deficiency. Although many studies have investigated the pharmacological effects of Zeng Ye Tang, the compounds responsible for its hypoglycemic effect have not been identified. In this study, 50 compounds in Zeng Ye Tang were identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. From these 50 compounds, nine cell‐interacted compounds were identified by biospecific cell extraction using 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Moreover, nine potential active compounds that could be released into the blood were also acquired through serum pharmacochemical analysis in normal and diabetic rats after administration with Zeng Ye Tang. According to the established quantitative analytical method of nine constituents by high‐performance liquid chromatography, six shared prototype constituents (catalpol/harpagide/p‐coumaric acid/harpagoside/angoroside C/cinnamic acid (75.56:19.74:1.00:15.11:20.36:7.65), were screened and verified to exert remarkable hypoglycemic activity on type 2 diabetic mice. In conclusion, the six shared constituents may be responsible for the hypoglycemic activity of Zeng Ye Tang.
Spectral gaps for the Dirichlet‐Laplacian in a 3‐D waveguide periodically perturbed by a family of concentrated masses
Authors: Bakharev Fedor L. , Pérez M. Eugenia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe consider a spectral problem for the Laplace operator in a periodic waveguide perturbed by a family of “heavy concentrated masses”; namely, Π contains small regions of high density, which are periodically distributed along the z axis. Each domain has a diameter and the density takes the value in and 1 outside; m and ε are positive parameters, , . Considering a Dirichlet boundary condition, we study the band‐gap structure of the essential spectrum of the corresponding operator as . We provide information on the width of the first bands and find asymptotic formulas for the localization of the possible gaps.