bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia Induces Internalization of κ-Opioid Receptor
Authors: Xi Chunhua , Liang Xuan , Chen Chunhua , Babazada Hasan , Li Tianzuo , Liu Renyu 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
It has been demonstrated that κ-opioid receptor agonists can reduce hypoxia–ischemia brain injury in animal models. However, it is unclear how the κ-opioid receptor responds to hypoxia–ischemia. In the current study, the authors used an in vitro model of oxygen–glucose deprivation and reoxygenation to explore how κ-opioid receptors respond to hypoxia and reoxygenation.

Methods
Mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2A cells were stably transfected with mouse κ-opioid receptor–tdTomato fusion protein or Flag-tagged mouse κ-opioid receptor, divided into several groups (n = 6 to 12), and used to investigate the κ-opioid receptor movement. Observations were performed under normal oxygen, at 30 min to 1 h after oxygen–glucose deprivation and at 1 h after reoxygenation using high-resolution imaging techniques including immunoelectronmicroscopy in the presence and absence of κ-opioid receptor antagonist, dynamin inhibitors, potassium channel blockers, and dopamine receptor inhibitor.

Results
Hypoxic conditions caused the κ-opioid receptor to be internalized into the cells. Inhibition of dynamin by Dyngo-4a prevented the receptor internalization. Interestingly, a specific κ-opioid receptor antagonist norbinaltorphimine blocked internalization, suggesting the involvement of activation of a specific κ-opioid receptor. κ-Opioid receptor internalization appears to be reversed by reoxygenation. Quantities of intracellular κ-opioid receptor-associated gold particles as demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy were increased from 37 to 85% (P < 0.01) after oxygen–glucose deprivation. Potassium channel blockers and dopamine receptor inhibitor failed to block hypoxia-induced κ-opioid receptor internalization.

Conclusions
Hypoxia induces reversible κ-opioid receptor internalization, which was inhibited by selective κ-opioid receptor antagonists or dynamin inhibitor, and can be reversed by reoxygenation in neuroblastoma cells, indicating the modulating effects between κ-opioid receptor and hypoxia via κ-opioid receptor activation and the dynamin-dependent mechanism.
Less-Restrictive Food Intake During Labor in Low-Risk Singleton Pregnancies
Authors: Ciardulli Andrea , Saccone Gabriele , Anastasio Hannah , Berghella Vincenzo 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate benefits and harms of food intake during labor.

DATA SOURCES:
Electronic databases such as MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from their inception until October 2016.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
We included randomized trials comparing a policy of less-restrictive food intake with a policy of more restrictive food intake during labor. The primary outcome was the mean duration of labor. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model of DerSimonian and Laird to produce summary treatment effects in terms of either a relative risk or a mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI).

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
Ten trials, including 3,982 laboring women, were included. All the studies involved laboring singletons considered at low risk because they had no obstetric or medical complications that would increase the likelihood of cesarean delivery. In three studies, women were allowed to select from a low-residue diet throughout the course of labor. One study had honey date syrup as the allowed food intake. Five studies had carbohydrate drinks as food intake in labor. The last one was the only trial that allowed unrestrictive food intake. In the included studies, all women in the intervention group were allowed the assigned food intake until delivery, whereas women in a control group were allowed only ice chips, water, or sips of water until delivery. A policy of less-restrictive food intake was associated with a significantly shorter duration of labor (mean difference –16 minutes, 95% CI −25 to −7). No other benefits or harms in obstetric or neonatal outcome were noticed. Regurgitation during general anesthesia and Mendelson syndrome did not occur in either group.

CONCLUSION:
Women with low-risk singleton pregnancies who were allowed to eat more freely during labor had a shorter duration of labor. A policy of less-restrictive food intake during labor did not influence other obstetric or neonatal outcomes nor did it increase the incidence of vomiting. Operative delivery rates were similar.
Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Clostridium difficile Infection in a Pregnant Patient
Authors: Saeedi Bejan J. , Morison Doree Gardner , Kraft Colleen S. , Dhere Tanvi 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND:

Clostridium difficile infection has been associated with negative outcomes in the general population and in pregnant patients. Fecal microbiota transplant has become the standard for treatment of recurrent as well as refractory C difficile infection.

CASE:
We present a case of a 28-year-old pregnant woman who presented with recurrent C difficile infection despite treatment with vancomycin and fidaxomicin and underwent a successful fecal microbiota transplant through colonoscopy at 18 weeks of gestation. She no longer required antibiotics for the remainder of her pregnancy to treat C difficile and had a term vaginal delivery at 39 weeks of gestation.

CONCLUSION:
Our pregnant patient tolerated and responded to a fecal microbiota transplant for treatment of recurrent C difficile infection. Future large-scale studies are needed to determine the efficacy, safety, and long-term effects of manipulating the microbiome in pregnant patients and the neonates.
Closed reduction with or without adductor tenotomy for developmental dysplasia of the hip presenting at walking age
Authors: Barakat Ahmed Samir , Zein Abou Bakr , Arafa Amr Said , Azab Mostafa Abdelmaboud , Reda Walid , Hegazy Mohamed Mahmoud , Al Barbary Hassan Magdy , Kaddah Mohamed Abdelhalim 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Many children with developmental dislocation of the hip especially in underdeveloped countries reach walking age and still remain undiagnosed, which can be detrimental to their growth and development. Because of the lack medical services often encountered in these regions, it would be attractive to find a cheap and effective treatment. Our work evaluated the results of treatment of these children by closed reduction with or without adductor tenotomy in a prospective study.

Methods:
We included 20 patients in this study with 29 affected hips (15 right and 14 left). Nine patients (45%) had bilateral DDH and 11 (55%) had unilateral DDH. There were 18 girls (90%) and two boys (10%) who were followed up for a mean of 21 mo (18-24 mo). Ages ranged from 9 to 36 mo (mean age 18.3 mo). Patients were divided according to age into two groups: between 9-18 mo and from 19-36 mo. The first group included nine patients (14 hips) while the second had 11 patients (15 hips).

Results:
In the first group, closed reduction failed in two patients (two hips) during the follow-up period (14.3%) and this necessitated shift to open reduction, while in the second group only one patient (bilateral DDH) had a similar failure (13.3%). We identified four hips with avascular necrosis. Three of them required no further treatment, the remaining hip was openly reduced.

Conclusions:
Closed reduction in older children offers a valid and reproducible treatment modality in the hands of an experienced pediatric orthopaedic surgeon as long as there is close follow-up and thorough knowledge of possible complications and their management including the ability to shift timely to open reduction.
Management of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis with Plasmapheresis and Cyclosporine A: Our 10 Years’ Experience
Authors: Giudice Giuseppe , Maggio Giulio , Bufano Loredana , Memeo Giuseppe , Vestita Michelangelo 
Published: February 2017

Background:
The management of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is controversial and there is no uniform strategy.

Objective:
To share our 10 years’ experience in treating severe TEN with a novel protocol based on the association of cyclosporine A and plasmapheresis.

Methods:
In this case series, we retrospectively collected and assessed the 12 cases of severe TEN treated from 2005 to 2015 at the Burn Unit of the University of Bari Policlinico hospital.

Results:
Average body surface area was 77; average SCORETEN was 4.3. The 12 patients had been treated with culprit drug withdrawal, systemic corticosteroids, and/or cyclosporine A with no response. The protocol was successfully administered in all 12 cases. Average time to response from protocol start was 4.9 days. Average time to remission from protocol start was 22 days; average hospital stay at our unit was 24.8 days. Four patients developed severe complications; 1 patient died. No complications linked to the protocol therapeutic measures were observed. The relatively small number of cases given the rarity of the condition is a limitation of this report.

Conclusion:
Our protocol based on the association of cyclosporine A and plasmapheresis is safe and efficacious in treating severe TEN.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Evaluation and Multiple-Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates in China in 2012
Authors: Yu Rui-xing , Yin Yueping , Dai Xiu-qin , Chen Shao-chun , Han Yan , Zheng Bing-jie , Zhang Guo-yi , Chen Xiang-sheng 
Published: February 2017

Objective
This study aimed to gain information on the antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular epidemiological typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) isolates in China in 2012.

Methods
A total of 244 NG isolates were consecutively recovered from patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in 3 Chinese cities—Guangzhou, Nanjing, and Tianjin—in 2012. Neisseria gonorrhoeae susceptibilities to penicillin and tetracycline were examined by detecting penicillinase-producing NG (PPNG) and high-level tetracycline-resistant NG, and NG susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin, spectinomycin, ceftriaxone, and cefixime were determined using an agar dilution method. Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates were typed by multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis. We conducted a χ2 analysis to compare clusters with Bonferroni correction and Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results

Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates gathered from the 3 cities differed significantly in the prevalence of tetracycline-resistant NG (P < 0.001) and NG treated with ceftriaxone with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.125 mg/L or higher (P < 0.001). The analysis of the combination of the 7 variable number of tandem repeats loci for all of the 244 isolates yielded 110 multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis types falling into 5 clusters. Cluster III was associated with PPNG, whereas cluster II was associated with non-PPNG (P < 0.05) and NG treated with ceftriaxone with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.125 mg/L or higher (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Antimicrobials that can be used with confidence to treat NG infection currently in China include ceftriaxone and spectinomycin, but not penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and cefixime. Moreover, some of the resulting clusters were associated with PPNG and NG with decreased ceftriaxone susceptibility.
The Impact of Ethnic and Cultural Differences on Parental Satisfaction in the PICU*
Authors: Sng Qian Wen , Kirk Angela H. P. , Buang Siti Nur Hanim , Lee Jan Hau 
Published: February 2017

Objectives:
This study examined satisfaction of parents whose children were admitted to the PICU to identify priority areas for improvement. We hypothesized that differences exist in satisfaction of parents of different ethnicities.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Setting:
PICU in a tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Patients:
All English-literate parents whose child was admitted to our PICU between February 2014 and February 2015 were eligible after informed consent was obtained. Parents included in this study in previous admission(s) were excluded.

Intervention:
Nil.

Measurements and Main Results:
We adapted Empowerment of Parent in the Intensive Care Questionnaire, a validated questionnaire survey specific for measuring parental satisfaction in PICUs. This adapted survey consisted of 31 questions (based on a scale of 1–6) examining five domains as follows: information giving, care and cure, parental participation, organization, and professional attitude. Reliability of Empowerment of Parent in the Intensive Care Questionnaire in our population was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha. We used ordinal logistic regression, controlling for socioeconomic status and educational level, to examine differences in parental perceptions of various ethnicities. We obtained a total of 206 responses (36.5%) from 543 admissions. There were 116 (56%) emergency and 90 (44%) elective admissions. The proportion of respondents were Chinese (126 [61%]), Malay (32 [16%]), Indian (23 [11%]), and “Others” (25 [12%]). Cronbach’s alpha for domains of information giving (α = 0.80), care and cure (α = 0.93), parental participation (α = 0.84), organization (α = 0.79), and professional attitude (α = 0.88) were good. In all five domains, our median PICU scores were 6 (interquartile range, 5–6). Compared to other ethnic groups, Malay parents did perceive that domains of “care and cure,” “parental participation,” and “professional attitude” were less satisfactory.

Conclusions:
Significant differences were found in satisfaction ratings between parents of different ethnicities. Further studies are needed to explore and determine reasons for these differences.
Patient Safety Culture in Mutual Insurance Companies in Spain
Authors: Manzanera Rafael , Mira José Joaquín , Plana Manel , Moya Diego , Guilabert Mercedes , Ortner Jordi 
Published: February 2017

Objectives
The aim of the study was to assess the safety culture in a mutual insurance sector, searching for improvement opportunities. This sector offers health insurance for work-related injuries and occupational illnesses and represents an annual volume of patients corresponding to approximately 10% of the working population in Europe.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the safety culture in the mutual insurance sector in Spain. All physicians, nurses, and physiotherapists (N = 816) working in the organization in hospitals, outpatient clinics, and managerial settings were invited to reply to an online survey.

Results
A total of 499 professionals completed the questionnaire (response rate, 61%). Two dimensions were assessed: attitudinal (5 items) and instrumental (5 items). There were no differences between professional profiles or centers in the attitudinal (7.8; standard deviation, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 7.6–7.9) or instrumental (8.5; standard deviation, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 8.5–8.6) factors. The lowest level of implementation (<9 points) was related to the following: open disclosure after an adverse event (73%), having a quality and safety plan (75%), prioritizing the improvement of patient care (75%), and involving patients when making decisions on potential treatments (63%). Managers showed lower scores than the rest of professionals’ groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
This intent is to introduce a patient safety culture assessment in the mutual insurance companies. These results may encourage the implementation of quality and safety plans in this sector by paying more attention to attitudinal aspects.
Pneumothorax After Laparoscopic Robotic-Assisted Supracervical Hysterectomy and Sacrocolpopexy
Authors: Kim Ashley , Geynisman-Tan Julia , Lewicky-Gaupp Christina 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present a case of a patient in whom subcutaneous emphysema, pneumoperitoneum, and pneumothorax occurred on postoperative day 1 after robotic-assisted supracervical hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, sacrocolpopexy, and retropubic midurethral sling placement for pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. This case demonstrates a rare complication of gynecologic laparoscopic procedures.
Diagnostic Accuracy and Clinical Implications of Translabial Ultrasound for the Assessment of Levator Ani Defects and Levator Ani Biometry in Women With Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Systematic Review
Authors: Notten Kim J.B. , Vergeldt Tineke F.M. , van Kuijk Sander M.J. , Weemhoff Mirjam , Roovers Jan-Paul W.R. 
Published: February 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and clinical implications of translabial 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound for the assessment of levator ani defects and biometry in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Methods
We performed a systematic literature search through computerized databases including MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE (via OvidSP), and the Cochrane Library using both medical subject headings and text terms from January 1, 2003, to December 25, 2015.
We included articles that reported on POP status and diagnostic accuracy measurements with translabial 3D ultrasound or transperineal ultrasound for the detection of levator ani defects or for measuring pelvic floor biometry, that is, levator ani hiatus, or reported on the clinical relevance of using translabial 3D ultrasound for levator ani defects or measuring pelvic floor biometry in women with POP.

Results
Thirty-one articles were selected in accordance with parts of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines that can be applied to studies of diagnostic accuracy. Twenty-two articles (71%) are coauthored by 1 expert in this field. Detecting levator ani defects with translabial 3D ultrasound compared with magnetic resonance imaging showed a moderate to good agreement, whereas measuring hiatal biometry on translabial 3D ultrasound compared with magnetic resonance imaging showed a moderate to very good agreement.
The interobserver agreement for diagnosing levator ani defects and measuring the levator hiatal area showed a moderate to very good agreement. Furthermore, levator ani defects increase the risk of cystocele and uterine prolapse, and levator ani defects are associated with recurrent POP.
Finally, a larger hiatus was associated with POP and recurrent POP.

Conclusions
Translabial 3D ultrasound is reproducible for diagnosing levator ani defects and ballooning hiatus. Both levator ani defects and a larger hiatal area are, in a selected population of patients with pelvic floor dysfunction, associated with POP and recurrent POP. More research is needed concerning external validation because most data in this article are coauthored by 1 expert in this field.
GCalignR: An R package for aligning Gas-Chromatography data
Authors: Ottensmann Meinolf , Stoffel Martin A. , Nichols Hazel J. , Hoffman Joseph I. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractChemical cues are arguably the most fundamental means of animal communication and play an important role in mate choice and kin recognition. Consequently, gas chromatography (GC) in combination with either mass spectrometry (MS) or flame ionisation detection (FID) are commonly used to characterise complex chemical samples. Both GC-FID and GC-MS generate chromatograms comprising peaks that are separated according to their retention times and which represent different substances. Across chromatograms of different samples, homologous substances are expected to elute at similar retention times. However, random and often unavoidable experimental variation introduces noise, making the alignment of homologous peaks challenging, particularly with GC-FID data where mass spectral data are lacking. Here we presentGCalignR, a user-friendly R package for aligning GC-FID data based on retention times. The package also implements dynamic visualisations to facilitate inspection and fine-tuning of the resulting alignments, and can be integrated within a broader workflow in R to facilitate downstream multivariate analyses. We demonstrate an example workflow using empirical data from Antarctic fur seals and explore the impact of user-defined parameter values by calculating alignment error rates for multiple datasets. The resulting alignments had low error rates for most of the explored parameter space and we could also show thatGCalignRperformed equally well or better than other available software. We hope thatGCalignRwill help to simplify the processing of chemical datasets and improve the standardization and reproducibility of chemical analyses in studies of animal chemical communication and related fields.
The Pax9/Wnt pathway regulates secondary palate formation in mice
Authors: Jia Shihai , Zhou Jing , Fanelli Christopher , Wee Yinshen , Bonds John , Schneider Pascal , Mues Gabriele , D’Souza Rena N. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractClefts of the palate and/or lip arise in about 1/700 human live births and are caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Studies of mouse knockout models of cleft palate have improved our understanding of the molecular control of palatogenesis. While it is known that Pax9 regulates palatogenesis through Bmp, Fgf and Shh signaling, there is still much to learn about its precise relationship with other pathways. Here we show that alterations of Wnt expression and decreased Wnt activity inPax9-/-palatal shelves are a result of Pax9’s ability to directly bind and repress the promoters ofDkk1andDkk2,proteins that antagonize Wnt signaling. The delivery of small-molecule Dkk inhibitors (Wnt agonists) into the tail-veins of pregnantPax9+/-mice from E10.5 to E14.5 restored Wnt signaling, promoted cell proliferation, bone formation and restored the fusion of palatal shelves inPax9-/-embryos. In contrast, other organ defects inPax9mutants were not corrected. These data uncover a unique molecular relationship betweenPax9and Wnt genes in palatogenesis and offer a new approach for treating cleft palates in humans.Summary StatementThese studies demonstrate that the Pax9/Wnt genes regulate murine palatogenesis. This unique molecular relationship is proven by the correction of cleft defects inPax9-deficient mice through Wnt agonist therapies.
Dynactin has two antagonistic regulatory domains and exerts opposing effects on dynein motility
Authors: Kobayashi Takuya , Miyashita Takuya , Murayama Takashi , Toyoshima Yoko Y. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDynactin is a dynein-regulating protein that increases the processivity of dynein movement on microtubules. Recent studies have shown that a tripartite complex of dynein–dynactin–Bicaudal D2 is essential for highly processive movement. To elucidate the regulation of dynein motility by dynactin, we focused on two isoforms (A and B) of dynactin 1 (DCTN1), the largest subunit of dynactin that contains both microtubule- and dynein-binding domains. The only difference between the primary structures of the two isoforms is that DCTN1B lacks the K-rich domain, a cluster of basic residues. We measured dynein motility by single molecule observation of recombinant dynein and dynactin. Whereas the tripartite complex containing DCTN1A exhibited highly processive movement, the complex containing DCTN1B dissociated from microtubules with no apparent processive movement. This inhibitory effect of DCTN1B was caused by reductions of the microtubule-binding affinities of both dynein and dynactin, which is attributed to the coiled-coil 1 domain of DCTN1. In DCTN1A, the K-rich domain antagonized these inhibitory effects. Therefore, dynactin has two antagonistic domains and promotes or suppresses dynein motility to accomplish correct localization and functions of dynein within a cell.