bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating multiple sclerosis genetic susceptibility on the founder population of east-central Sardinia via association and linkage analysis of immune-related loci
Authors: Fazia Teresa , Pastorino Roberta , Foco Luisa , Han Lide , Abney Mark , Beecham Ashley , Hadjixenofontos Athena , Guo Hui , Gentilini Davide , Papachristou Charalampos , Bitti Pier Paolo , Ticca Anna , Berzuini Carlo , McCauley Jacob L , Bernardinelli Luisa 
Published: September 2017

Background: A wealth of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility have been identified; however, they explain only a fraction of MS heritability. Objectives: We contributed to discovery of new MS susceptibility SNPs by studying a founder population with high MS prevalence. Methods: We analyzed ImmunoChip data from 15 multiplex families and 94 unrelated controls from the Nuoro Province, Sardinia, Italy. We tested each SNP for both association and linkage with MS, the linkage being explored in terms of identity-by-descent (IBD) sharing excess and using gene dropping to compute a corresponding empirical p-value. By targeting regions that are both associated and in linkage with MS, we increase chances of identifying interesting genomic regions. Results: We identified 486 MS-associated ( p < 1 × 10–4) and 18,426 MS-linked ( p < 0.05) SNPs. A total of 111 loci were both linked and associated with MS, 18 of them pointing to 14 non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, and 93 of them located in the MHC region. Conclusion: We discovered new suggestive signals and confirmed some previously identified ones. We believe this to represent a significant step toward an understanding of the genetic basis of MS.
Functional outcomes of distal radius fractures with and without ulnar styloid fractures: a meta-analysis
Authors: Mulders Marjolein A. M. , Fuhri Snethlage Lili J. , de Muinck Keizer Robert-Jan O. , Goslings J. Carel , Schep Niels W. L. 
Published: September 2017

The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the functional outcomes of patients with a distal radius fracture with and without a concomitant fracture of the ulnar styloid process. A systematic literature search was performed to identify all studies comparing patients with a distal radius fracture with and without an ulnar styloid process fracture. The initial search revealed 511 articles, of which 12 articles with a total of 2243 patients were included; 1196 patients with and 1047 patients without an ulnar styloid process fracture. A statistically significant mean difference of 3.40 points (95% CI 1.33–5.48) in the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was found in favour of patients without an ulnar styloid process fracture. This difference is less than 10 and therefore not clinically important. No significant difference was found in Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation scores, range of motion, grip strength, visual analogue scale pain scores, ulnar-sided wrist pain and distal radio-ulnar joint instability between patients with and without an ulnar styloid process fracture after 1 year of follow-up. Moreover, no significant differences were found between ulnar styloid base and nonbase fractures. Level of evidence: I
Interstitial Glucose and Lactate Levels Are Inversely Correlated With the Body Mass Index: Need for In Vivo Calibration of Glucose Sensor Results With Blood Values in Obese Patients
Authors: Enderle Barbara , Moser Isabella , Kannan Cecil , Schwab Karl Otfried , Urban Gerald 
Published: September 2017

Background: Continuously measured glucose and lactate levels in interstitial fluid (ISF) may markedly differ from their respective blood levels. Methods: Combining microdialysis with a bioanalytical microsystem, the interstitial glucose and lactate concentrations of eight male volunteers with different body mass index (BMI) were monitored during a 2-fold glucose tolerance test over the period of three hours. Results: Significant correlations were found between abdominally measured sensor results and reference measurements ( R2 = .967 for glucose and R2 = .936 for lactate, P < .05). The physiological delay of the abdominally observed glucose appearance in the ISF correlated positively with the BMI ( R2 = .787, P < .05). The relative in vivo recovery of glucose and lactate was inversely proportional to the BMI of the volunteers ( R2 = .540 for glucose, R2 = .609 for lactate, P < .05). One subject with a BMI of > 34 kg/m2 showed abdominally as well as the antebrachially significantly reduced tissue glucose values compared to blood glucose values ( P < .001). Conclusions: A very good correlation between abdominally measured sensor results and the results of the reference method verified the reliability of the BioMEMS. The abdominally measured glucose level in ISF decreased significantly with increasing BMI. Therefore, an in vivo calibration of glucose levels in ISF with blood levels seems to be necessary especially in markedly obese subjects.
Nurses’ perceptions about and confidence in using an electronic medical record system
Authors: Abu Raddaha Ahmad H 
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Nurses are among the largest potential users of electronic medical record (EMR) systems in health care settings. Yet little is known about their perceptions and confidence toward using such systems. This study explored nurses’ perceptions toward and confidence in using the EMR system. Predictors for confidence status in using the system among nurses were postulated. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used. A sample of 169 nurses were recruited from a general governmental university hospital in Muscat, Oman. Results: Most of study participants did not have prior experience with EMR systems elsewhere. About half (52.1%) perceived that they were confident in using the system. A logistic regression model showed nurses who (a) had six or more years of experience in using the system, (b) perceived that their suggestions regarding improving the system were taken into consideration by the system managing team, (c) perceived that the changes introduced in the system were important to their work, and (d) perceived that the information retrieved through the system was updated, to be more likely confident in using the system. Discussion: When customizing the EMR system, the informatics team that manages the system is invited to more consider suggestions for improvement that are raised by nurses. More training on the system is suggested to increase confidence among nurses who had little experience in using the system. In order to enhance the preparation of future nurses with contemporary technology-driven health care practices, nursing schools officials are encouraged to include general computer information technology training into nursing curricula.
Assessment of the Impact of Colors on Child’s Anxiety and Treatment Preference for Local Anesthesia Injections
Authors: Hotwani Kavita , Sharma Krishna 
Published: September 2017

Aim: To assess the impact of colors on child’s anxiety and treatment preference for local anesthesia injections. Material and Method: The study group consisted of 100 randomly selected children aged 9 years. A specially prepared proforma was used to record personal information and history. Anxiety was assessed using faces version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale and children were categorized as anxious and non-anxious in the playroom. In the dental operatory, dental injectors (conventional plastic injector and six different colored plastic injectors) were displayed on a tray and were introduced to the children. The children were asked to consider which injectors they would prefer “if their tooth had to be put to sleep,” and their preferences were noted starting with their first choice. Sheets with stylized cartoon drawing of faces (modified Venham Picture Test) with six different emotions (happy, scared, crying, sad, angry, and running away) opposite line drawings of colored dental injectors were distributed. All the children were asked to match the cartoon faces with the injectors as per their preference. The data was collected and statistical analysis was done using SPSS 19.0. Results: A response analysis was performed in Microsoft excel, and frequencies were noted for color preferences in males and females. Significant differences between genders as well as different colors association was found. Conclusion: Reducing child’s anxiety through remodeling of physical appearance and color of dental instruments could be a potential modality of behavior management that needs further research.
Should all acromioclavicular joint injections be performed under image guidance?
Authors: Javed S , Sadozai Z , Javed A , Din A , Schmitgen G 
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Steroid and local anaesthetic injection to the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) is a very common diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, which is often performed in the outpatient department. However, it can be difficult to localize this joint because of its small size, presence of osteophytes and variable morphology in the population. We performed a study to determine whether the use of an image intensifier (X-ray guidance), in theatre, improves the accuracy of this injection. Methods: This was a prospective study carried out between March 2014 and March 2015. The injections were performed by two senior orthopaedic surgeons. First, we clinically palpated the ACJ and marked the area over this point as A. Then, with the use of a needle and an image intensifier in a single plane, we identified the actual location of the ACJ and marked this point as B. We measured the distance between A and B in millimetres (mm) and determined the accuracy of the injections. Further analysis taking into account the ACJ capsular attachments was also performed. Results: In total, 45 patients and 50 injections were included in the study; five patients had repeated injections at different times. We found that only 12 injections (24%) were palpated to be correct with no discrepancies between A and B (95% confidence interval: 14–37%). For the remaining 38 injections (76%), the use of an image intensifier had significantly improved the accuracy of ACJ location ( p < 0.05). Taking the capsular attachments of the ACJ into consideration reduced the number of inaccurate injections to 27 (54%). Conclusion: We recommend the use of an image intensifier (or ultrasound guidance) to accurately determine the location of the ACJ for steroid and local anaesthetic injections. This prevents an injection into the wrong place, which can lead to wrong diagnosis and/or suboptimal treatment.
Unemployment in chronic airflow obstruction around the world: results from the BOLD study
Authors: Grønseth Rune , Erdal Marta , Tan Wan C. , Obaseki Daniel O. , Amaral Andre F.S. , Gislason Thorarinn , Juvekar Sanjay K. , Koul Parvaiz A. , Studnicka Michael , Salvi Sundeep , Burney Peter , Buist A. Sonia , Vollmer William M. , Johannessen Ane 
Published: September 2017

We aimed to examine associations between chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) and unemployment across the world.Cross-sectional data from 26 sites in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study were used to analyse effects of CAO on unemployment. Odds ratios for unemployment in subjects aged 40–65 years were estimated using a multilevel mixed-effects generalised linear model with study site as random effect. Site-by-site heterogeneity was assessed using individual participant data meta-analyses.Out of 18 710 participants, 11.3% had CAO. The ratio of unemployed subjects with CAO divided by subjects without CAO showed large site discrepancies, although these were no longer significant after adjusting for age, sex, smoking and education. The site-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for unemployment was 1.79 (1.41–2.27) for CAO cases, decreasing to 1.43 (1.14–1.79) after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and forced vital capacity. Of other covariates that were associated with unemployment, age and education were important risk factors in high-income sites (4.02 (3.53–4.57) and 3.86 (2.80–5.30), respectively), while female sex was important in low- to middle-income sites (3.23 (2.66–3.91)).In the global BOLD study, CAO was associated with increased levels of unemployment, even after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and lung function.
Targeting fatty acid amide hydrolase as a therapeutic strategy for antitussive therapy
Authors: Wortley Michael A. , Adcock John J. , Dubuis Eric D. , Maher Sarah A. , Bonvini Sara J. , Delescluse Isabelle , Kinloch Ross , McMurray Gordon , Perros-Huguet Christelle , Papakosta Marianthi , Birrell Mark A. , Belvisi Maria G. 
Published: September 2017

Cough is the most common reason to visit a primary care physician, yet it remains an unmet medical need. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an enzyme that breaks down endocannabinoids, and inhibition of FAAH produces analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Cannabinoids inhibit vagal sensory nerve activation and the cough reflex, so it was hypothesised that FAAH inhibition would produce antitussive activityviaelevation of endocannabinoids.Primary vagal ganglia neurons, tissue bioassay,in vivoelectrophysiology and a conscious guinea pig cough model were utilised to investigate a role for fatty acid amides in modulating sensory nerve activation in vagal afferents.FAAH inhibition produced antitussive activity in guinea pigs with concomitant plasma elevation of the fatty acid amidesN-arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide), palmitoylethanolamide,N-oleoylethanolamide and linoleoylethanolamide. Palmitoylethanolamide inhibited tussive stimulus-induced activation of guinea pig airway innervating vagal ganglia neurons, depolarisation of guinea pig and human vagus, and firing of C-fibre afferents. These effects were mediatedviaa cannabinoid CB2/Gi/o-coupled pathway and activation of protein phosphatase 2A, resulting in increased calcium sensitivity of calcium-activated potassium channels.These findings identify FAAH inhibition as a target for the development of novel, antitussive agents without the undesirable side-effects of direct cannabinoid receptor agonists.
Impact of Preexisting Mental Illness on All-Cause and Breast Cancer–Specific Mortality in Elderly Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Iglay Kristy , Santorelli Melissa L. , Hirshfield Kim M. , Williams Jill M. , Rhoads George G. , Lin Yong , Demissie Kitaw 
Published: September 2017

Purpose Limited data are available on the survival of patients with breast cancer with preexisting mental illness, and elderly women are of special interest because they experience the highest incidence of breast cancer. Therefore, we compared all-cause and breast cancer–specific mortality for elderly patients with breast cancer with and without mental illness. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted by using SEER-Medicare data, including 19,028 women ≥ 68 years of age who were diagnosed with stage I to IIIa breast cancer in the United States from 2005 to 2007. Patients were classified as having severe mental illness if an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification code for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or other psychotic disorder was recorded on at least one inpatient or two outpatient claims during the 3 years before breast cancer diagnosis. Patients were followed for up to 5 years after breast cancer diagnosis to assess survival outcomes, which were then compared with those of patients without mental illness. Results Nearly 3% of patients had preexisting severe mental illness. We observed a two-fold increase in the all-cause mortality hazard between patients with severe mental illness compared with those without mental illness after adjusting for age, income, race, ethnicity, geographic location, and marital status (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.84 to 2.60). A 20% increase in breast cancer–specific mortality hazard was observed, but the association was not significant (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.74). Patients with severe mental illness were more likely to be diagnosed with advanced breast cancer and aggressive tumor characteristics. They also had increased tobacco use and more comorbidities. Conclusion Patients with severe mental illness may need assistance with coordinating medical services.
Molecular Behaviors of Formaldehyde Encapsulated in Supercages of Zeolite NaY with Different Loadings and its Intrinsic Reactivity for the Carbonyl-ene Reaction with α-Methylstyrene
Authors: Sato Kei-ichi , Masui Yoichi , Onaka Makoto 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The reactivity of formaldehyde (HCHO) adsorbed in the supercages of zeolite NaY toward α-methylstyrene for the carbonyl-ene reaction was very dependent on the loading amount of HCHO in the NaY pores. We first prepared a series of NaY samples with different amounts of HCHO, and applied them to the carbonyl-ene reaction with excess amounts of α-methylstyrene to evaluate their intrinsic reactivities. It was found that one formaldehyde molecule adsorbed in one supercage of NaY produced 3-phenylbut-3-en-1-ol in the highest yield (83%), while for higher loading amounts of HCHO on NaY, lower yields of the product were obtained because the supercages were narrowed by the HCHO molecules as well as the homoallylic alcohol product and its over-reaction products. We next investigated their states of HCHO adsorbed in the pores by 13C DD/CP MAS NMR analysis. When three HCHO molecules were adsorbed in a supercage, it was clarified that all the HCHO was exclusively encapsulated in a monomeric form, while most of the adsorbed HCHO with much higher loading amounts was transformed into 1,3,5-trioxane inside the supercages of NaY as well as paraformaldehyde outside the supercages.
Let him not be alone: perspectives of older British South Asian minority ethnic patients on dying in acute hospitals
Authors: Venkatasalu Munikumar Ramasamy 
Published: September 2017

Aim: To investigate older British South Asians' views on dying at acute hospitals. Background: Older people, including those from ethnic minorities prefer ‘home as a haven’ for their last days of life; however, they are more likely to die in hospital. Methods: Constructive grounded theory was used as a methodological approach that informed data collection to data analysis. Open meetings with 11 local South Asian community organisations enabled the researchers to recruit a total of 55 older South Asians in this study. Data were collected using gender-based focus groups (n=5) and in-depth, semi-structured interviews (n=29). Transcripts were analysed using Nvivo 9. Results: Three key themes were identified: ‘mistrust’, ‘let him not be alone’ and ‘family as a protective shield’. The theme ‘mistrust’ is explored through examination of beliefs, attitudes and expectations about ‘hospital’ as a place in the care of the dying. The theme of ‘let him not be alone’ draws the family's preferences and concerns in relation to leaving their older dying relative alone in the hospital. The final theme of ‘family as a protective shield’ describes the element of family care as a protective shield for their older one to have peaceful end-of-life care moments in the hospital. Conclusions: Allowing older relatives to die in hospital seems to evoke feelings of missed filial responsibilities and guilt among family carers among older ethnic minorities. The presence of cultural paranoia and mistrust often led minorities to experience sub-standard end-of-life care in acute hospitals.
Decision making for people living with dementia by their carers at the end of life: a rapid scoping review
Authors: Barker Sue , Lynch Mary , Hopkinson Jane 
Published: September 2017

Background: There are an increasing number of people living with dementia, as well as an expectation that care decisions are made collaboratively with those with the disease entering the end stage and their families. This has increased the burden on family carers. Aim: To explore the evidence on the decisional support needs of informal carers of people with end-stage dementia. Design: A rapid scoping review was undertaken of peer-reviewed publications between 2000 and 2016, which included all health-care settings and the person's own home. Six databases were searched (CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, BNI, PSYCHINFO, Web of Science) and all papers meeting the inclusion criteria were read. A thematic analysis was undertaken of the selected papers using a pragmatic approach based on how the papers addressed the research question. Results: Sixty papers were individually appraised, with 40 being included in the review. Of these papers, 11 were literature reviews and 29 were primary studies. The themes identified were: the influential factors in carer decision making, the scope of carer decision making, the conflicts/problems in carer decision making, the resources carers need to make decisions and the impact of carer decision making. Conclusion: To date, the emphasis in dementia care has been on living well with dementia, but realistically there is a need to plan for a ‘good death’ that includes the person and their carers. There is a need to support people with dementia and their carers to make an advance care plan, while the person with dementia can take part in the decision-making process. This proactive intervention is likely to reduce carer decision burden at end of life and facilitate achievement of death in the person's preferred place, which is usually the home or care home.
Book Review
Authors: Barbosa Helena 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The Poster: Art, Advertising, Design, and Collecting, 1860s–1900s, Ruth E. Iskin (2014) Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College Press, 432 pp., ISBN 978-1-61168-616-6, paperback, $50.00, ISBN 978-1-61168-617-3, ebook
At the intersection of Deaf and Asian American performativity in Los Angeles: Deaf West Theatre’s and East West Players’ adaptations of Pippin
Authors: Lim Stephanie 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Among the multitude of community-based theatre groups in Los Angeles, two wellknown theatres continually transgress traditional boundaries of race, culture, and identity: East West Players, which places the Asian American front and centre, and Deaf West Theatre, which features both deaf and hearing actors onstage together. Functioning together within the larger national theatre movement towards diversity, both theatres foregrounded counter-narratives to the prevailing national discourse in 2008 and 2009, staging stark versions of the same show – Pippin – and turning a Broadway production originally set in the Middle Ages into very modern, relevant re-appropriations. Although the choice of source material seems coincidental, a closer examination reveals that Asian American and Deaf communities share similar struggles and experiences, and Pippin echoes this same search for belonging; after all, not until the mid-twenty-first century did both communities begin to find their voice in society. This article explores how Deaf West’s and East West Players’ adaptations of Pippin reflect LA’s cultural diversity and the challenges that the Deaf and Asian American communities still face today. Furthermore, this article provides an understanding of how musical adaptations intentionally disrupt and subvert current notions of national privilege and identity in America.