bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Riverscape genomics of a threatened fish across a hydroclimatically heterogeneous river basin
Authors: Brauer Chris J. , Hammer Michael P. , Beheregaray Luciano B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how natural selection generates and maintains adaptive genetic diversity in heterogeneous environments is key to predicting the evolutionary response of populations to rapid environmental change. Detecting selection in complex spatial environments remains challenging, especially for threatened species where the effects of strong genetic drift may overwhelm signatures of selection. We carried out a basinwide riverscape genomic analysis in the threatened southern pygmy perch (Nannoperca australis), an ecological specialist with low dispersal potential. High‐resolution environmental data and 5162 high‐quality filtered SNPs were used to clarify spatial population structure and to assess footprints of selection associated with a steep hydroclimatic gradient and with human disturbance across the naturally and anthropogenically fragmented Murray–Darling Basin (Australia). Our approach included FST outlier tests to define neutral loci, and a combination of spatially explicit genotype–environment association analyses to identify candidate adaptive loci while controlling for the effects of landscape structure and shared population history. We found low levels of genetic diversity and strong neutral population structure consistent with expectations based on spatial stream hierarchy and life history. In contrast, variables related to precipitation and temperature appeared as the most important environmental surrogates for putatively adaptive genetic variation at both regional and local scales. Human disturbance also influenced the variation in candidate loci for adaptation, but only at a local scale. Our study contributes to understanding of adaptive evolution along naturally and anthropogenically fragmented ecosystems. It also offers a tangible example of the potential contributions of landscape genomics for informing in situ and ex situ conservation management of biodiversity.
Concealed by darkness: interactions between predatory bats and nocturnally migrating songbirds illuminated by DNA sequencing
Authors: Ibáñez Carlos , Popa‐Lisseanu Ana G. , Pastor‐Beviá David , García‐Mudarra Juan L. , Juste Javier 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecently, several species of aerial‐hawking bats have been found to prey on migrating songbirds, but details on this behaviour and its relevance for bird migration are still unclear. We sequenced avian DNA in feather‐containing scats of the bird‐feeding bat Nyctalus lasiopterus from Spain collected during bird migration seasons. We found very high prey diversity, with 31 bird species from eight families of Passeriformes, almost all of which were nocturnally flying sub‐Saharan migrants. Moreover, species using tree hollows or nest boxes in the study area during migration periods were not present in the bats’ diet, indicating that birds are solely captured on the wing during night‐time passage. Additional to a generalist feeding strategy, we found that bats selected medium‐sized bird species, thereby assumingly optimizing their energetic cost‐benefit balance and injury risk. Surprisingly, bats preyed upon birds half their own body mass. This shows that the 5% prey to predator body mass ratio traditionally assumed for aerial hunting bats does not apply to this hunting strategy or even underestimates these animals’ behavioural and mechanical abilities. Considering the bats’ generalist feeding strategy and their large prey size range, we suggest that nocturnal bat predation may have influenced the evolution of bird migration strategies and behaviour.
Functional characterization of a gene locus from an uncultured gut Bacteroides conferring xylo‐oligosaccharides utilization to Escherichia coli
Authors: Tauzin Alexandra S. , Laville Elisabeth , Xiao Yao , Nouaille Sébastien , Le Bourgeois Pascal , Heux Stéphanie , Portais Jean‐Charles , Monsan Pierre , Martens Eric C. , Potocki‐Veronese Gabrielle , Bordes Florence 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIn prominent gut Bacteroides strains, sophisticated strategies have been evolved to achieve the complete degradation of dietary polysaccharides such as xylan, which is one of the major components of the plant cell wall. Polysaccharide Utilization Loci (PULs) consist of gene clusters encoding different proteins with a vast arsenal of functions, including carbohydrate binding, transport and hydrolysis. Transport is often attributed to TonB‐dependent transporters, although major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters have also been identified in some PULs. However, until now, few of these transporters have been biochemically characterized. Here, we targeted a PUL‐like system from an uncultivated Bacteroides species that is highly prevalent in the human gut metagenome. It encodes three glycoside‐hydrolases specific for xylo‐oligosaccharides, a SusC/SusD tandem homolog and a MFS transporter. We combined PUL rational engineering, metabolic and transcriptional analysis in Escherichia coli to functionally characterize this genomic locus. We demonstrated that the SusC and the MFS transporters are specific for internalization of linear xylo‐oligosaccharides of polymerization degree up to 3 and 4 respectively. These results were strengthened by the study of growth dynamics and transcriptional analyses in response to XOS induction of the PUL in the native strain, Bacteroides vulgatus.
Drought‐induced shoot dieback starts with massive root xylem embolism and variable depletion of nonstructural carbohydrates in seedlings of two tree species
Authors: Rodríguez‐Calcerrada Jesús , Li Meng , López Rosana , Cano Francisco Javier , Oleksyn Jacek , Atkin Owen K. , Pita Pilar , Aranda Ismael , Gil Luis 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Combining hydraulic‐ and carbon‐related measurements helps to understand drought‐induced plant mortality. Here, we investigated the role that plant respiration (R) plays in determining carbon budgets under drought.

We measured the hydraulic conductivity of stems and roots, and gas exchange and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations of leaves, stems and roots of seedlings of two resprouting species exposed to drought or well‐watered conditions: Ulmus minor (riparian tree) and Quercus ilex (dryland tree).

With increasing water stress (occurring more rapidly in larger U. minor), declines in leaf, stem and root R were less pronounced than that in leaf net photosynthetic CO2 uptake (Pn). Daytime whole‐plant carbon gain was negative below −4 and −6 MPa midday xylem water potential in U. minor and Q. ilex, respectively. Relative to controls, seedlings exhibiting shoot dieback suffered c. 80% loss of hydraulic conductivity in both species, and reductions in NSC concentrations in U. minor. Higher drought‐induced depletion of NSC reserves in U. minor was related to higher plant R, faster stomatal closure, and premature leaf‐shedding.

Differences in drought resistance relied on the ability to maintain hydraulic conductivity during drought, rather than tolerating conductivity loss. Root hydraulic failure elicited shoot dieback and precluded resprouting without root NSC reserves being apparently limiting for R.
A Q‐Tip Tip: Use of a Cotton‐Tipped Applicator to Desensitize Children to Intralesional Candida Antigen
Authors: Al‐Mubarak Luluah , Krakowski Andrew C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe suggest the following technique that uses readily available, inexpensive, nonthreatening cotton‐tipped applicators to model Candida antigen injection.
Spontaneous Regression of a Congenital Melanocytic Nevus by Sclerosis
Authors: Wong Eric K. W. , Mahmood Muhammad N. , Salopek Thomas G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCongenital melanocytic nevi (CMNs) naturally evolve throughout life, growing proportionately with the child, darkening, and exhibiting textural or surface changes (e.g., papillomatous, verrucous, cerebriform), hypertrichosis, and, later in life, lightening of pigmentation. We report the case of a 5‐year‐old child with complete resolution of a medium‐sized CMN involving the distal left leg and foot via sclerosis and in the absence of any halo phenomenon. Spontaneous regression of CMN via sclerosis is rare, and it is thought that an immunologic mechanism different from the mechanism that the halo phenomenon induces mediates this regression. We reviewed the literature on this phenomenon and discuss how it might lead to regression of the nevus.
Lymphoplasmacytic Plaque in Children: A Demonstrative Case of an Emerging Clinicopathologic Entity
Authors: Porto Dennis A. , Powers Molly , Patel Devika , Chaffins Marsha , Shwayder Tor A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLymphoplasmacytic plaque in children is a rare but increasingly reported clinicopathologic entity characterized by extratruncal erythematous solitary plaques, most often in children and Caucasian girls, that are thought to be a reactive or pseudolymphomatous process. We report a demonstrative case of lymphoplasmacytic plaque in a 3‐year‐old girl and discuss the clinical and pathologic experience with this entity.
Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis of the Newborn: A 20‐Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Del Pozzo‐Magaña Blanca R. , Ho Nhung 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSubcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SFN) is a rare form of panniculitis that can be complicated by hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis. We conducted a 20‐year retrospective cohort study of 30 patients to describe the clinical characteristics of SFN and the prevalence of hypercalcemia and other complications. Hypoxia and therapeutic hypothermia (TH) seem to play an important role in the development of SFN. Hypercalcemia developed in 63% of patients, three of whom developed nephrocalcinosis. There is a need for well‐controlled prospective studies to determine the natural history, prevalence, and incidence of complications of SFN.
Is Open‐mindedness a Moral Virtue?
Authors: Cremaldi Anna , Kwong Jack M. C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIs open‐mindedness a moral virtue? Surprisingly, this question has not received much attention from philosophers. In this paper, we fill this lacuna by arguing that there are good grounds for thinking that it is. In particular, we show that the extant account of open‐mindedness as a moral virtue faces an objection that appears to show that exercising the character trait may not be virtuous. To offset this objection, we argue that a much stronger argument can be made for the case that open‐mindedness is a moral virtue by appealing to the notion of moral understanding. Specifically, we provide a new rationale as to why we should exercise open‐mindedness and offer several arguments to allay the concern that doing so can at times cause us to be in an epistemically and morally weaker position.
Christ's Passion, Christian tragedy and Ioannes Franciscus Quintianus Stoa's untimely Theoandrothanatos
Authors: Leo Russ 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIoannes Franciscus Quintianus Stoa's Theoandrothanatos (1508) is perhaps the first work in early modernity to depict Christ's Passion as a tragedy. Despite its claims to originality, however, Theoandrothanatos rarely appears as more than a curio in critical studies of Renaissance drama or theology. When it is considered at more length, both the tragedy and poet himself are generally derided as effete and uninspired, an enduring critical inclination that obscures Quintianus Stoa's importance in the early sixteenth century as well as the scope of his tragic experiment. Placing Quintianus Stoa's Latin tragedy in conversation with theological interlocutors and classical influences, this essay examines the affective vision of tragedy at work in Theoandrothanatos, a version of tragedy which stands at odds with the humanist textual tradition emerging at the outset of the sixteenth century. Although he shares an interest in antique tragedy with those humanists, Quintianus Stoa endorses an approach to tragedy that quickly falls out of fashion, particularly once sophisticated editions, translations, and textual studies of antique tragedies became widely available. Moreover, an emergent tradition of Christian tragedy defined itself in opposition to Theoandrothanatos — particularly Nicolas Barthélemy de Loches's Christus Xilonicus (1529), which was more representative of the aims of tragedy as well as its Christian appropriations. This essay thus examines Quintianus Stoa's determination of tragedy before demonstrating both how and why this vision, initially celebrated, fell into disgrace and abeyance.
Performing Exile: John Foxe's Christus Triumphans at Magdalen College, Oxford
Authors: Blank Daniel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhen Laurence Humphrey became President of Magdalen College, Oxford in 1561, one of his earliest endeavours was to commission a production of John Foxe's Christus Triumphans. Although it remains uncertain whether the play was actually performed, this article explores the implications of Humphrey's request, taking his interest in staging the play as a starting point for understanding the value Christus Triumphans held for a generation of returned Protestant exiles. I begin by placing Foxe's apocalyptic comedy alongside the writings of Marian Protestants, situating the play within the concerns of exile and demonstrating the particular importance of conversion to the Protestant cause. I then consider the circumstances of Humphrey's production at Magdalen, using key archival documents to illuminate what that performance might have looked like. Humphrey's proposed staging of Christus Triumphans not only elucidates the salient concerns of the play itself, but also reveals how drama became a potent religious tool at this crucial post‐Marian moment. By realigning the play's engagement with the conditions of religious persecution, Humphrey sought to imbue the play with a retrospective significance, carefully shifting its message for an audience of collegiate spectators. At the same time, his staging of the play reflected – and perhaps heralded – a new interest in the visual capacities of university performance, ultimately demonstrating the vitality and influence of neo‐Latin religious drama in the academic setting.
Measuring domestic water use: a systematic review of methodologies that measure unmetered water use in low‐income settings
Authors: Tamason Charlotte C. , Bessias Sophia , Villada Adriana , Tulsiani Suhella M. , Ensink Jeroen H. J. , Gurley Emily S. , Mackie Jensen Peter Kjær 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo present a systematic review of methods for measuring domestic water use in settings where water meters cannot be used.MethodsWe systematically searched EMBASE, PubMed, Water Intelligence Online, Water Engineering and Development Center, IEEExplore, Scielo, and Science Direct databases for articles that reported methodologies for measuring water use at the household level where water metering infrastructure was absent or incomplete. A narrative review explored similarities and differences between the included studies and provide recommendations for future research in water use.ResultsA total of 21 studies were included in the review. Methods ranged from single‐day to 14‐consecutive‐day visits, and water use recall ranged from 12 h to 7 days. Data were collected using questionnaires, observations or both. Many studies only collected information on water that was carried into the household, and some failed to mention whether water was used outside the home. Water use in the selected studies was found to range from two to 113 l per capita per day.ConclusionNo standardised methods for measuring unmetered water use were found, which brings into question the validity and comparability of studies that have measured unmetered water use. In future studies, it will be essential to define all components that make up water use and determine how they will be measured. A pre‐study that involves observations and direct measurements during water collection periods (these will have to be determined through questioning) should be used to determine optimal methods for obtaining water use information in a survey. Day‐to‐day and seasonal variation should be included. A study that investigates water use recall is warranted to further develop standardised methods to measure water use; in the meantime, water use recall should be limited to 24 h or fewer.
The effect of massive transfusion protocol implementation on pediatric trauma care
Authors: Hwu Ruth S. , Spinella Philip C. , Keller Martin S. , Baker David , Wallendorf Michael , Leonard Julie C. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDMassive transfusion protocols (MTPs) to address hemorrhage are understudied in children. The objective was to determine the effect of MTP implementation on outcomes of injured children.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis was a retrospective comparison of injured children before and after MTP implementation for children less than 18 years old who presented in 2005 to 2014 and received red blood cells (RBCs) within 24 hours of arrival. Children were divided into groups based on pre‐/post‐MTP implementation and subgrouped based on receipt of massive transfusion (≥40 mL/kg RBCs or ≥80 mL/kg total blood products at 24 hr from arrival). The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality and secondary outcomes were total blood product use, intensive care unit/ventilator/pressor‐free days, composite morbidity, and Glasgow Outcome Score.RESULTSA total of 11,995 children presented for trauma care over 9 years; 235 received RBCs. A total of 120 were in the pre‐MTP group and 115 in the post‐MTP, of whom 26 and 17 received massive transfusion in the pre‐ and post‐MTP groups, respectively; 11 had MTP activations. Children massively transfused after MTP received mean plasma:RBC and platelet (PLT):RBC ratios greater than 1:1 at both 6 and 24 hours with no significant difference in total admission blood product use. There was no difference in in‐hospital mortality between pre‐ and post‐MTP groups (24% vs. 19%) or massive transfusion subgroups (54% vs. 47%). There were no differences in secondary outcomes.CONCLUSIONSWhile we were not able to show improvements in outcome, MTP implementation led to higher plasma and PLT:RBC ratios without an associated change in blood product use or composite morbidity.
Platelet corrected count increments by apheresis platform
Authors: Tobian Aaron A.R. , King Karen E. , Borge Prabhakar D. , Fuller Alice K. , Uglik Kristin , Ness Paul M. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDAutomated blood collection platforms use different technological systems to isolate and collect individual blood components. These unique systems could potentially result in differences in platelet in vivo viability, as measured by the corrected count increment (CCI).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis retrospective study evaluated CCI data of platelet transfusions among oncology patients who received multiple unmanipulated apheresis platelets between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2009. Apheresis platelets were collected from our community blood center by standard procedures using two different collection systems and were transfused to patients in a blinded manner.RESULTSThe CCI of the platelet recipient was significantly higher at 0‐2 hours post‐transfusion among the individuals who received platelets collected on Trima Accel (Terumo BCT) (mean = 6281, standard deviation = 3650) compared to the platelets collected by the Amicus system (Fresenius Kabi) (mean = 5251, standard deviation = 3311, p = 0.004).CONCLUSIONSThese hypothesis‐generating data suggesting improved recovery and survival of Trima Accel platelets demonstrate the need for the investigation and implementation of the best collection methods to provide better platelet transfusion support.
Waste Heat Recovery From Porous LPG Gas Burner Used for Cooking
Authors: Ravindran Narayana Vijesh , Seetharaman ArulmozhiVarman 
Published: August 2016

Generally in cooking devices three modes of heat transfer takes place (conduction, convection and radiation). Heat is transferred to the utensils mainly due to conduction and convection. A considerable amount of heat in the form of radiation is dissipated to the surroundings.
The purpose of this project is to recover this waste heat. Surface radiation without participating media is considered in this study. Hence, copper coil is used to absorb the radiant heat and transfer it to water which run through the coil. This low temperature recovery water can be used for cooking or to keep the food hot packed or other similar low grade heat applications.
Experimental Study of Phase-Changeable Water/Polyalphaolefin Nanoemulsion Fluids
Authors: Xu Jiajun , Hammouda B. , Cao Fangyu , Yang Bao 
Published: August 2016

In this work, thermal properties especially phase change heat transfer properties of one new type of nanostructured heat transfer fluid: Water/Polyalphaolefin (PAO) nanoemulsion fluid are investigated. Water is added into PAO fluid to form nanoemulsion fluids in which dispersed water nanodroplets are formed by self-assembly.
The liquid-to-vapor phase change results, expressed in terms of surface heat flux and heater temperature, have shown that the presence of water nanodroplets has a drastic impact on the liquid-to-vapor phase change behavior of the nanoemulsion fluid studied: the water nanodroplet formed inside can enhance its heat transfer coefficient by over 300% after the incipience of its phase change. In addition to that, the vaporization of the water nanodroplet inside is found to be different depending on the concentration of water inside, which happens to coincide with the structure change with different water concentrations as observed in SANS measurement. On the other hand, the effective specific heat is also found to increase with higher water concentration until reaching a maximum value which also happens to coincide with the structure transition from spherical to cylinder shape with the increasing of water concentrations as observed from SANS measurement. More study is still needed to understand the mechanism behind these phenomena.
Electrical Resistance and Natural Convection Heat Transfer Modeling of Shape Memory Alloy Wires
Authors: Eisakhani Anita , Gao Xiujie , Gorbet Rob , Culham J. Richard 
Published: August 2016

Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators are becoming increasingly popular in recent years due to their properties such as large recovery strain, silent actuation and low weight. Actuation in SMA wires depends strongly on temperature which is difficult to measure directly. Therefore, a reliable model is required to predict wire temperature, in order to control the transformation, and hence the actuation, and to avoid potential degradation due to overheating. The purpose of this investigation is to develop resistance and natural convection heat transfer models to predict temperature of current-carrying SMA wires using indirect temperature measurement methods.
Experiments are performed on electrically heated 0.5 mm diameter NiTi SMA wire during phase transformation. Convection heat transfer experiments are performed in an environment of air that allows for control of the ambient pressure and in turn the thermofluid properties, such as density and viscosity. By measuring convective heat loss at a range of pressures, an empirical natural convection heat transfer correlation is determined for inclination angles from horizontal to vertical, in the Rayleigh number range of 2.6 × 10−8 ≤ RaD ≤ 6.0 × 10−1. Later, effect of temperature changes on electrical resistance and other control parameters such as applied external stress, wire inclination angle, wire length and ambient pressure is investigated. Based on experimental results a resistance model is developed for SMA wires that combined with the heat transfer correlation previously derived can be used to predict temperature and natural convection heat transfer coefficient of NiTi SMA wires during phase transformation for different wire lengths and inclination angles under various applied external stresses.