bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inga vera trypsin inhibitor interferes in the proteolytic activity and nutritional physiology of Ephestia kuehniella larvae
Authors: Bezerra Cézar da Silva , Oliveira Carolina Turatti , Macedo Maria Lígia Rodrigues 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPlant peptidase inhibitors provide plants with a defense strategy to inhibit insect digestive enzymes and have been studied as an alternative strategy for pest control as they interfere in normal insect physiology. We evaluated the effects of ingestion of the trypsin inhibitor from Inga vera Willd. (Fabaceae) seeds on the nutritional and digestive physiology of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae. Inga vera trypsin inhibitor (IVTI) reduced the efficiency of the conversion of ingested and digested food in these larvae and increased the metabolic cost, causing an anti‐nutritional effect. In both short‐ and long‐term bioassays, the ingestion of IVTI inactivated most of the insect's trypsin activity, but increased chymotrypsin activity as a compensatory response by the insect; however, protein digestion continued to be partially blocked. Consequently, chymotrypsin‐like enzymes, which were over‐produced in the gut, were excreted more into the frass of IVTI‐fed larvae. As such, the resistance of IVTI to hydrolysis by insect midgut proteases resulted in detrimental effects to larvae. These data provide support for the use of IVTI as a biotechnological tool for pest control.
Low‐dose bortezomib and dexamethasone as primary therapy in elderly patients with Waldenstrӧm macroglobulinemia
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Ping , Yang Xi , Lin Zeng‐Hua , Wang Xin‐Feng , Cao Xin , You Xue‐Fen , Huang Hong‐Ming , Shi Wen‐Yu , Liu Hong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective study was designed to determine the efficacy and safety of low‐dose bortezomib and dexamethasone (lBD) in elderly Chinese patients with Waldenstrӧm macroglobulinemia (WM).MethodsTen patients with WM aged over 60 years received first‐line treatment with lBD.ResultsThe median age was 70 years (range, 61‐77 years). The overall response rate was 80%, including 1 patient who achieved a complete response, 1 patient with very good partial response, and 6 patients with a partial response. Median time to response was 1.8 months after treatment with lBD. Six (60%) patients achieved a partial response, including 2 (20%) patients who had a more than 75% reduction in serum immunoglobulin M levels. A rapid reduction in paraprotein was observed in three patients who received plasmapheresis. After a median follow‐up period of 36 months, all patients were still alive and six had no disease progression. The estimated median time to progression was 39 months (range, 15‐60 months). The most common adverse events were anemia, thrombocytopenia, neuropathy, and neutropenia. Peripheral neuropathy was the most common non‐hematological toxicity in six (60%) patients, but did not result in the discontinuation of bortezomib.ConclusionsOur findings show that lBD is an effective and tolerable treatment regimen for elderly patients with WM.
Retreatment and prolonged therapy with subcutaneous bortezomib in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: A randomized, controlled, phase III study
Authors: Terpos Evangelos , Gobbi Marco , Potamianou Anna , Lahaye Marjolein , Couturier Catherine , Cavo Michele 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis randomized, international, multicenter, open‐label phase III study investigated the effects of experimental retreatment with subcutaneous bortezomib plus dexamethasone (VD) followed by prolonged bortezomib therapy vs standard VD retreatment in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.MethodsPatients were randomized (2:1) to receive either experimental (n = 53) or standard (n = 27) retreatment, stratified by the number of prior therapy lines.ResultsThe study was terminated prematurely with insufficient enrollment to adequately compare the retreatment therapies; results should be considered descriptive. After a median follow‐up of 21.2 and 20.0 months in the experimental and standard arms, respectively, the median progression‐free survival (primary endpoint) was 7.2 months (95% confidence interval 5.7‐9.0) vs 7.8 months (4.9‐11.7). The overall response rate was 66% and 52% for experimental and standard retreatment regimens, respectively. Thrombocytopenia was the most common and most differentially observed grade ≥3 adverse event (experimental: 9% vs standard: 22%). Any‐grade peripheral neuropathies (including peripheral sensory neuropathies) were reported in 23% vs 37% of patients.ConclusionsThis study showed no significant benefit with experimental vs standard VD retreatment therapy. Further investigations are required to determine whether the experimental retreatment regimen is a suitable alternative to the current standard retreatment regimen.
Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Interaction between socioeconomic status and parental history of ADHD determines prevalence
Authors: Rowland Andrew S. , Skipper Betty J. , Rabiner David L. , Qeadan Fares , Campbell Richard A. , Naftel A. Jack , Umbach David M. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundMany studies have reported a higher prevalence of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among disadvantaged populations, but few have considered how parental history of ADHD might modify that relationship. We evaluated whether the prevalence of ADHD varies by socioeconomic status (SES) and parental history of ADHD in a population‐sample of elementary school children age 6–14 years.MethodsWe screened all children in grades 1–5 in 17 schools in one North Carolina (U.S.) county for ADHD using teacher rating scales and 1,160 parent interviews, including an ADHD structured interview (DISC). We combined parent and teacher ratings to determine DSM‐IV ADHD status. Data analysis was restricted to 967 children with information about parental history of ADHD. SES was measured by family income and respondent education.ResultsWe found an interaction between family income and parental history of ADHD diagnosis (p = .016). The SES gradient was stronger in families without a parental history and weaker among children with a parental history. Among children without a parental history of ADHD diagnosis, low income children had 6.2 times the odds of ADHD (95% CI 3.4–11.3) as high income children after adjusting for covariates. Among children with a parental history, all had over 10 times the odds of ADHD as high income children without a parental history but the SES gradient between high and low income children was less pronounced [odds ratio (OR) = 1.4, 95% CI 0.6–3.5].ConclusionsSocioeconomic status and parental history of ADHD are each strong risk factors for ADHD that interact to determine prevalence. More research is needed to dissect the components of SES that contribute to risk of ADHD. Future ADHD research should evaluate whether the strength of other environmental risk factors vary by parental history. Early identification and interventions for children with low SES or parental histories of ADHD should be explored.
Imitation inhibition in children with Tourette syndrome
Authors: Brandt Valerie Cathérine , Moczydlowski Agnes , Jonas Melanie , Boelmans Kai , Bäumer Tobias , Brass Marcel , Münchau Alexander 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveEchopraxia, that is, the open and automatic imitation of other peoples’ actions, is common in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, and also those with frontal lobe lesions. While systematic reaction time tasks have confirmed increased automatic imitation in the latter two groups, adult patients with Tourette syndrome appear to compensate for automatic imitation tendencies by an overall slowing in response times. However, whether children with Tourette syndrome are already able to inhibit automatic imitation tendencies has not been investigated.MethodFifteen children with Tourette syndrome and 15 healthy children (aged 7–12 years) performed an imitation inhibition paradigm. Participants were asked to respond to an auditory cue by lifting their index finger or their little finger. Participants were simultaneously presented with either compatible or incompatible visual stimuli.ResultsOverall responses in children with Tourette syndrome were slower than in healthy children. Although responses were faster in compatible than in incompatible trials in both groups, this ‘interference effect’ was smaller in children with Tourette syndrome.ConclusionsChildren with Tourette syndrome have a smaller interference effect than healthy children, indicating an enhanced ability to behaviourally control automatic imitation tendencies at the cost of reacting slower. The results suggest that children with Tourette syndrome already employ different or additional inhibition strategies compared to healthy children.
Characterization of intrinsic material properties of a model lipoproteic emulsion gel by oscillatory and creep compliance rheometry
Authors: Okada Kyle S. , Kuo Wan‐Yuan , Lee Youngsoo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe effects of varying formulation and processing parameters on rheological properties in a model lipid/protein‐based emulsion gel were studied. Heat‐set model lipoproteic emulsion gels were prepared with varying levels of protein, lipid, and NaCl contents and high pressure homogenization treatments. Small deformation oscillatory rheometry, creep compliance, and pore size analysis experiments were used to characterize intrinsic structural properties, matrix interactions, and microstructure. Creep compliance behavior of the gel system was successfully modeled by a four‐component Burgers model. Shear storage and loss moduli and Newtonian viscosity increased while instantaneous compliance, retarded compliance, and pore size decreased with increasing protein or fat content or homogenization pressure. The data obtained in this study provide information on factors affecting protein network structure and strength, properties may be useful for creating desirable attributes in lipid/protein‐based foods with a further optimization process.Practical applicationsThis research evaluates the effects of formulation and processing factors on the properties of a protein/fat‐based food system. These properties may be related to sodium mobility and salty taste perception. This research provides information on strategies that can be used to control factors influencing the physical properties of protein/fat‐based food systems targeting sodium reduction.
Single‐cell sequencing unveils the lifestyle and CRISPR‐based population history of Hydrotalea sp. in acid mine drainage
Authors: Medeiros J. D. , Leite L. R. , Pylro V. S. , Oliveira F. S. , Almeida V. M. , Fernandes G. R. , Salim A. C. M. , Araújo F. M. G. , Volpini A. C. , Oliveira G. , Cuadros‐Orellana S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAcid mine drainage (AMD) is characterized by an acid and metal‐rich run‐off that originates from mining systems. Despite having been studied for many decades, much remains unknown about the microbial community dynamics in AMD sites, especially during their early development, when the acidity is moderate. Here, we describe draft genome assemblies from single cells retrieved from an early‐stage AMD sample. These cells belong to the genus Hydrotalea and are closely related to Hydrotalea flava. The phylogeny and average nucleotide identity analysis suggest that all single amplified genomes (SAGs) form two clades that may represent different strains. These cells have the genomic potential for denitrification, copper and other metal resistance. Two coexisting CRISPR‐Cas loci were recovered across SAGs, and we observed heterogeneity in the population with regard to the spacer sequences, together with the loss of trailer‐end spacers. Our results suggest that the genomes of Hydrotalea sp. strains studied here are adjusting to a quickly changing selective pressure at the microhabitat scale, and an important form of this selective pressure is infection by foreign DNA.
Species delimitation with gene flow: A methodological comparison and population genomics approach to elucidate cryptic species boundaries in Malaysian Torrent Frogs
Authors: Chan Kin Onn , Alexander Alana M. , Grismer L. Lee , Su Yong‐Chao , Grismer Jesse L. , Quah Evan S. H. , Brown Rafe M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAccurately delimiting species boundaries is a nontrivial undertaking that can have significant effects on downstream inferences. We compared the efficacy of commonly used species delimitation methods (SDMs) and a population genomics approach based on genomewide single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess lineage separation in the Malaysian Torrent Frog Complex currently recognized as a single species (Amolops larutensis). First, we used morphological, mitochondrial DNA and genomewide SNPs to identify putative species boundaries by implementing noncoalescent and coalescent‐based SDMs (mPTP, iBPP, BFD*). We then tested the validity of putative boundaries by estimating spatiotemporal gene flow (fastsimcoal2, ABBA‐BABA) to assess the extent of genetic isolation among putative species. Our results show that the A. larutensis complex runs the gamut of the speciation continuum from highly divergent, genetically isolated lineages (mean Fst = 0.9) to differentiating populations involving recent gene flow (mean Fst = 0.05; Nm > 5). As expected, SDMs were effective at delimiting divergent lineages in the absence of gene flow but overestimated species in the presence of marked population structure and gene flow. However, using a population genomics approach and the concept of species as separately evolving metapopulation lineages as the only necessary property of a species, we were able to objectively elucidate cryptic species boundaries in the presence of past and present gene flow. This study does not discount the utility of SDMs but highlights the danger of violating model assumptions and the importance of carefully considering methods that appropriately fit the diversification history of a particular system.
The cereal pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum produces a new class of active cytokinins during infection
Authors: Sørensen Jens Laurids , Benfield Aurelie H. , Wollenberg Rasmus Dam , Westphal Klaus , Wimmer Reinhard , Nielsen Mikkel Rank , Nielsen Kristian Fog , Carere Jason , Covarelli Lorenzo , Beccari Giovanni , Powell Jonathan , Yamashino Takafumi , Kogler Herbert , Sondergaard Teis Esben , Gardiner Donald Max 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe fungal pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum causes important diseases of wheat and barley. During a survey of secondary metabolites produced by this fungus, a novel class of cytokinins, herein termed Fusarium cytokinins, was discovered. Cytokinins are known for their growth‐promoting and anti‐senescence activities, and the production of a cytokinin mimic by what was once considered as a necrotrophic pathogen that promotes cell death and senescence challenges the simple view that this pathogen invades its hosts by employing a barrage of lytic enzymes and toxins. Through genome mining, a gene cluster in the F. pseudograminearum genome for the production of Fusarium cytokinins was identified and the biosynthetic pathway was established using gene knockouts. The Fusarium cytokinins could activate plant cytokinin signalling, demonstrating their genuine hormone mimicry. In planta analysis of the transcriptional response to one Fusarium cytokinin suggests extensive reprogramming of the host environment by these molecules, possibly through crosstalk with defence hormone signalling pathways.
Investigation of the diversity of effector genes in the banana pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, reveals evidence of horizontal gene transfer
Authors: Czislowski Elizabeth , Fraser‐Smith Sam , Zander Manuel , O'Neill Wayne T. , Meldrum Rachel A. , Tran‐Nguyen Lucy T. T. , Batley Jacqueline , Aitken Elizabeth A. B. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIt is hypothesized that the virulence of phytopathogenic fungi is mediated through the secretion of small effector proteins that interfere with the defence responses of the host plant. In Fusarium oxysporum, one family of effectors, the Secreted In Xylem (SIX) genes, has been identified. We sought to characterize the diversity and evolution of the SIX genes in the banana‐infecting lineages of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Whole‐genome sequencing data were generated for the 23 genetic lineages of Foc, which were subsequently queried for the 14 known SIX genes (SIX1–SIX14). The sequences of the identified SIX genes were confirmed in a larger collection of Foc isolates. Genealogies were generated for each of the SIX genes identified in Foc to further investigate the evolution of the SIX genes in Foc. Within Foc, variation of the SIX gene profile, including the presence of specific SIX homologues, correlated with the pathogenic race structure of Foc. Furthermore, the topologies of the SIX gene trees were discordant with the topology of an infraspecies phylogeny inferred from EF‐1α/RPB1/RPB2 (translation elongation factor‐1α/RNA polymerase II subunit I/RNA polymerase II subunit II). A series of topological constraint models provided strong evidence for the horizontal transmission of SIX genes in Foc. The horizontal inheritance of pathogenicity genes in Foc counters previous assumptions that convergent evolution has driven the polyphyletic phylogeny of Foc. This work has significant implications for the management of Foc, including the improvement of diagnostics and breeding programmes.
Cyclic and intermittent very low‐protein diet can have beneficial effects against advanced diabetic nephropathy in Wistar fatty (fa/fa) rats, an animal model of type 2 diabetes and obesity
Authors: Kitada Munehiro , Ogura Yoshio , Suzuki Taeko , Monnno Itaru , Kanasaki Keizo , Watanabe Ai , Koya Daisuke 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTA low‐protein diet (LPD), particularly, very low‐protein diet (VLPD) is expected for reno‐protection in advanced chronic kidney disease, including diabetic nephropathy. We previously also demonstrated that a VLPD clearly improved advanced diabetic nephropathy in a type 2 diabetes and obesity rat. However, clinically, an everyday long‐term VLPD contributes to poor adherence, which may be related to controvertial results of an LPD on the suppression for diabetic nephropathy, and has nutritional issues, such as sarcopenia or protein‐energy wasting. The aim of this study is to elucidate the reno‐protective effect of a cyclic and intermittent VLPD, not an everyday VLPD, against the advanced experimental diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic male Wistar fatty (fa/fa) rats (WFRs) were treated with a standard diet (STD; 23.84% protein) or a cyclic and intermittent VLPD (5.77% protein) consisting of an STD for 3 days and a VLPD for 4 days a week for 20 weeks beginning at 24 weeks of age. A cyclic and intermittent VLPD significantly improved renal hypertrophy, and significantly decreased urinary albumin and liver‐type fatty acid binding protein (L‐FABP) excretion without changes in body weight or exacerbation of HbA1c levels in diabetic rats. Additionally, diabetes‐induced renal injuries including fibrosis, tubular cell damage and inflammation were significantly ameliorated by a cyclic and intermittent VLPD in diabetic rats. Thus, based on our experimental data, a cyclic and intermittent VLPD may be a dietary regimen that is easy to continue and has less risk of malnutrition, compared to an everyday long‐term VLPD, against advanced diabetic nephropathy.
The Generalized Integration Challenge in Metaethics
Authors: Schroeter Laura , Schroeter François 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Generalized Integration Challenge (GIC) is the task of providing, for a given domain of discourse, a simultaneously acceptable metaphysics, epistemology and metasemantics and showing them to be so. In this paper, we focus on a metaethical position for which (GIC) seems particularly acute: the brand of normative realism which takes normative properties to be (i) mind‐independent and (ii) causally inert. The problem is that these metaphysical commitments seem to make normative knowledge impossible. We suggest that bringing metasemantics into play can help to resolve this puzzle. We propose an independently plausible metasemantic constraint on reference determination and show how it can provide a plausible response to (GIC) for this brand of normative realism.
Distinct DC subsets regulate adaptive Th1 and 2 responses during Trichuris muris infection
Authors: Demiri M. , Müller‐Luda K. , Agace W. W. , Svensson‐Frej M. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryLow‐ and high‐dose infections with the murine large intestinal nematode Trichuris muris are associated with induction of adaptive Th1 and Th2 responses, respectively, in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Classical dendritic cells (cDC) accumulate in the large intestinal mucosa and MLN upon T. muris infection, yet their role in driving adaptive responses to infection remains largely unknown. We performed low‐ and high‐dose T. muris infections of mice deficient in defined cDC subsets to investigate their role in induction of adaptive immune responses. Mice lacking IRF4‐dependent cDC failed to clear a high‐dose infection and displayed impaired Th2 responses. Conversely, mice lacking IRF8‐dependent cDC cleared a low‐dose infection and displayed an impaired Th1 response while increased production of Th2 cytokines. Finally, mice lacking both IRF4‐ and IRF8‐dependent cDC were able to generate a Th2 response and clear a low‐dose infection. Collectively, these results suggest that IRF4‐ and IRF8‐dependent cDC act antagonistically during T. muris infection, and demonstrate that intestinal Th2 responses can be generated towards T. muris in the absence of IRF4‐dependent cDC.
Single layer centrifugation of fresh dromedary camel semen improves sperm quality and in vitro fertilization capacity compared with simple sperm washing
Authors: Malo C , Crichton EG , Morrell JM , Pukazhenthi BS , Skidmore JA 
Published: August 2017

ContentsSingle layer centrifugation (SLC) through a colloid is a tool for selecting viable mammalian spermatozoa but has not been used previously for fresh dromedary camel sperm. Semen from six camels (2 ejaculates/male) was diluted 1:5 (v:v) or 1:10 (v:v) in a Tris–citrate–fructose buffer for mechanical liquefaction by gentle pipetting. Following liquefaction, semen was processed either by SLC or by centrifugation without a colloid (control). Total and progressive motilities, CASA kinematics, vitality and acrosome integrity (eosin–nigrosin) and plasma membrane integrity (Hypo‐osmotic swelling test; HOST), and fertilizing ability in a heterologous assay (zona‐free goat oocytes) were evaluated. Both total (p = .003) and progressive motilities (p = .003) were higher in SLC‐processed than in control semen samples, irrespective of dilution. Positive HOST values increased when using colloid in 1:5 (p = .001) and 1:10 dilution (p = .010). Colloid‐selected sperm had higher penetration rates than controls (p < .001 and p = .02 for 1:5 and 1:10 dilutions, respectively). However, only the SLC sperm at 1:5 dilution showed higher percentages of pronuclear formation (p = .02) than controls. Dilution effect was only significant for total motility before in vitro fertilization, with higher values for the 1:5 dilution (p = .033). The recovery rates of motile sperm between dilutions were similar (26.1% vs 35.4%; p = .226). In conclusion, SLC is a promising tool for selecting functional dromedary camel sperm and warrants more research.