bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrochemistry of Granitoids in Sibolga and its Surrounding Areas, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan Iwan , Takahashi Ryohei , Imai Akira 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPetrochemical studies were conducted on granitoids in Sibolga and surrounding areas in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The granitoids presented the characteristics of A‐ and I‐type ilmenite series. The syenogranites from Sarudik, the syenogranite, quartz syenite, and quartz alkali feldspar syenite from Sibuluhan Sihaporas, and the monzogranites from Sibolga Julu are A‐type granitoids that have high SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, Na2O + K2O, and Rb content, a high FeO/MgO ratio, and low Ba, Sr, and Zr content. The alkali feldspar syenite from Sarudik, the quartz alkali feldspar syenite from Tukka, and the quartz syenite from Adian Koting show I‐type characteristics. I‐type granitoids have lower SiO2, Na2O + K2O, Rb, Yb, and total REE (ΣREE) content and low FeO/MgO ratio. However, quartz syenite from the Sibolga Julu, which exhibits I‐type characteristics, has high ΣREE content but a low FeO/MgO ratio.The granitoids consisted mainly of K‐feldspar megacrysts, quartz, plagioclase, and biotite with hornblende in some cases. Accessory minerals were zircon, apatite, allanite, and titanite. Cordierite and corundum occurred as xenocrysts and inclusions in K‐feldspar in syenogranite (Sarudik) and quartz syenite (Adian Koting). SiO2 and ΣREE content and the Rb/Sr ratio are positively correlated to each other.The REE are enriched in quartz alkali feldspar syenites from Sibolga Julu and Sarudik, quartz syenite from Tarutung, and quartz alkali feldspar syenite, syenogranite, and quartz syenite from Sibuluhan Sihaporas. These highly‐differentiated granitoids were formed within the plate settings. In contrast, the ΣREE content of hornblende‐bearing granitoids that were formed in volcanic arc settings is low. The coexistence of cordierite and corundum with biotite and hornblende indicates that the metaluminous magma was contaminated by metasedimentary basement rocks.
Geology, Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Constraints on the Fluid Evolution and Resource Potential of the Xiadian Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula
Authors: Chai Peng , Hou Zeng‐qian , Zhang Zhi‐yu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Xiadan gold deposit from Jiaodong Peninsula contains more than 200 t of gold, and is one of the representative largest deposits within south part of the Zhaoping Fault zone. The gold orebodies consist of auriferous altered rocks that show disseminated and stockwork mineralization. Mineralization and alteration are structurally controlled by the NE‐ to NNE‐striking Linglong detachment fault. Mineralization can be divided into three stages: (K‐feldspar)–sericite–quartz–pyrite, quartz–gold–polymetallic sulfide, and quartz–carbonate, with the majority of the gold being produced during the middle stage. Based on a combination of petrography, microthermometry, and laser Raman spectroscopy, three types of fluid inclusion were identified in the vein mineral assemblages: NaCl–H2O (A‐type), CO2–H2O–NaCl (AC‐type), and pure CO2(PC‐type). Quartz crystals in veins that formed during the early stage contain mainly AC‐type primary fluid inclusions, with rare PC‐type inclusions. These fluid inclusions homogenize completely at temperatures of 253°C–408°C and have medium–low salinities (1.62–11.89 wt.% NaCl equivalent). Quartz crystals that formed during the middle stage contain all three types of fluid inclusion, and these fluid inclusions homogenize completely at temperatures of 176°C–335°C and have salinities of 0.70–14.73 wt.% NaCl equivalent. In contrast, quartz that formed during the last stage contains only A‐type fluid inclusions; these inclusions have homogenization temperatures of 108°C–253°C and salinities of 1.73–11.60 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The above data indicate that the ore‐forming system evolved from a CO2‐rich mesothermal fluid into a CO2‐poor fluid as a result of an influx of meteoric water. Fluid immiscibility is an essential prerequisite for metals precipitation in Xiadian. The characteristics of fluid inclusions, combined with H–O–S isotopes suggest that the ore‐forming fluids might be of metamorphic origin. Based on the immiscibility of AC‐type fluid inclusions, trapping pressures have been estimated at 88–339 MPa during ore formation, with a depth of metallogenesis of 8.8–12.6 km. The depth of erosion of study area has been calculated as about 10.3 km between 130 Ma and the present. Considering the gold mineralization occurred at around 130 Ma, the space with deep gold exploration is expectable at Xiadian.
The Invisible Army
Authors: Gilligan Peter H. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
The “invisible army” of clinical microbiologists is facing major changes and challenges. The rate of change in both the science and technology is accelerating with no end in sight, putting pressure on our army to learn and adapt as never before. Health care funding in the United States is undergoing dramatic change which will require a new set of assumptions about how clinical microbiology is practiced here. A major challenge facing the discipline is the replacement of a generation of clinical microbiologists. In my opinion, it is incumbent on us in the invisible army to continue to work with the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) in meeting the future challenges faced by our discipline. In this commentary, I will first discuss some recent history of clinical microbiology within ASM and then some current challenges we face.
Parenting stress trajectories in mothers of very preterm infants to 2 years
Authors: Gray Peter H , Edwards Dawn M , Gibbons Kristen 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo examine levels of parenting stress in mothers of preterm and term infants when the children were 2 years old; to determine the trajectory of stress over three time periods and to examine the association of maternal and neonatal factors and developmental outcomes with parenting stress.DesignIt is a prospective longitudinal study to determine parenting stress in mothers of preterm and term infants with outcomes having been previously obtained at 4 and 12 months. At 2 years, 79 preterm mothers (96 babies) and 64 term mothers (77 babies) participated. The mothers completed the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS) and the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). The infants had a neurological examination and the Bayley-III scales were administered.ResultsThe mean total PSI-SF at 2 years was significantly higher for the preterm group compared with the term group of mothers (p=0.007). There was a significant increase in the mean total PSI over time for the preterm mothers (p<0.001). For mothers at 2 years, there was an association with high levels of parenting stress and abnormal scores on the DASS (p<0.001) and high total T-scores on the CBCL (internalising p<0.001; externalising p=0.006). There was no association between parenting stress and maternal demographics, neonatal factors or Bayley-III results.ConclusionsParenting stress in mothers of preterm infants continues to be high at 2 years having increased over time. Maternal mental health problems and infant behavioural issues contribute to the stress.
Evaluation of a multiple-encounter in situ simulation for orientation of staff to a new paediatric emergency service: a single-group pretest/post-test study
Authors: Davison Michelle , Kinnear Frances B , Fulbrook Paul 
Published: June 2017

AimTo assess the utility of a multiple-encounter in-situ (MEIS) simulation as an orientation tool for multidisciplinary staff prior to opening a new paediatric emergency service.MethodsA single-group pretest/post-test study was conducted. During the MEIS simulation, multidisciplinary staff with participant or observer roles managed eight children (mannequins) who attended triage with their parent/guardians (clinical facilitators) for a range of emergency presentations (structured scenarios designed to represent the expected range of presentations plus test various clinical pathways/systems). Participants were debriefed to explore clinical, systems and crisis-resource management issues. Participants also completed a pre-intervention and post-intervention questionnaire comprising statements about role confidence and orientation adequacy. Pre-test and post-test results were analysed using t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsEighty-nine staff participated in the MEIS simulation, with the majority completing the pre-simulation and post-simulation questionnaire. There was a significant improvement in post-intervention versus pre-intervention Likert scores for role confidence and orientation adequacy (p=0.001 and <0.001, respectively); effect sizes suggested the greatest impact was on orientation adequacy. Nearly all scenarios resulted in significant increases in participants’ confidence levels.ConclusionsThe MEIS simulation was of utility in orientation of staff, at least with respect to self-reported role confidence and orientation adequacy. Its effectiveness in practice or compared with other orientation techniques was not assessed, but it did identify several flaws in planned systems allowing remediation prior to opening.
Radiosensitization of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma with MDM2 Inhibition
Authors: Prabakaran Prashanth J. , Javaid Amal M. , Swick Adam D. , Werner Lauryn R. , Nickel Kwangok P. , Sampene Emmanuel , Hu Rong , Ong Irene M. , Bruce Justine Y. , Hartig Gregory K. , Wieland Aaron M. , Canon Jude , Harari Paul M. , Kimple Randall J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer arising from the major or minor salivary gland tissues of the head and neck. There are currently no approved systemic agents or known radiosensitizers for ACC. Unlike the more common head and neck squamous cell carcinomas that frequently harbor TP53 mutations, ACCs contain TP53 mutations at a rate of &lt;5%, rendering them an attractive target for MDM2 inhibition.
Experimental Design: We report the successful establishment and detailed characterization of a TP53-WT ACC patient-derived xenograft (PDX), which retained the histologic features of the original patient tumor. We evaluated this model for response to the MDM2 inhibitor AMG 232 as monotherapy and in combination with radiotherapy.
Results: AMG 232 monotherapy induced modest tumor growth inhibition, and radiation monotherapy induced a transient tumor growth delay in a dose-dependent fashion. Strikingly, combination treatment of AMG 232 with radiotherapy (including low-dose radiotherapy of 2 Gy/fraction) induced dramatic tumor response and high local tumor control rates 3 months following treatment. Posttreatment analysis revealed that although both AMG 232 and radiotherapy alone induced TP53 tumor-suppressive activities, combination therapy amplified this response with potent induction of apoptosis after combination treatment.
Conclusions: These data identify that MDM2 inhibition can provide potent radiosensitization in TP53-WT ACC. In light of the absence of effective systemic agents for ACC, the powerful response profile observed here suggests that clinical trial evaluation of this drug/radiotherapy combination may be warranted to improve local control in this challenging malignancy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(20); 6044–53. ©2017 AACR.
Computation Models and Numerical Solution Procedures for Nonlinear Analysis of Single Layer Lattice Shells
Authors: Dubina Dan 
Published: June 2017

Single-layer space frames consisting of reticulated surfaces with assumed pin or rigid jointed members are widely used in practice. This is accounted for by the fact that they meet the need to cover large spans without the use of intermediate supports, while at the same time, yielding a very small structural weight per unit of area covered. Because of the in-plane membrane action of shallow single-layer lattice shells associated with their initial curvature, such structures are able to carry considerable out-of-plane loads relative to the weight of the structure itself. However, in the case of shallow single-layer lattice shells with small rise-to-span ratios, the response is highly nonlinear even when the stresses in the members are small enough to ensure that the material properties fall within the elastic range. These structures become unstable at some critical value of the load and any design based on an elastic linearized analysis is potentially unsafe. Shallow single-layer lattice shells are characterized by a strong nonlinear behaviour with considerable softening, so they are extremely sensitive to out-of-plane instability and are affected by general and local instability. As far as the pre-buckling range is concerned, an extensive literature dealing with effective solver techniques exists for the numerical solutions of structural problems, but only a few algorithms have been put forth with a view to tracing the nonlinear response from the pre-limit range into the post-limit one. The main purpose of this paper is to review these methods and to discuss their performance. The author's ASEF-N computer program and selected numerical examples are presented.
Congenital Syndrome of Anophthalmia-Microphthalmia with Associated Defects in Cattle
Authors: Leipold H. W. , Huston Keith 
Published: June 2017

An anophthalmia-microphthalmia syndrome occurred in 26 animals from several dairy and beef cattle breeds. Fifteen were bilaterally anophthalmic, 6 unilaterally anophthalmic, 3 microphthalmic in 1 eye and anophthalmic in the other, 1 bilaterally microphthalmic, and 1 unilaterally microphthalmic. Ten calves had other abnormalities involving the caudal portions of the spinal column including taillessness. Five calves were dissected and the contents of the orbital cavity and optic nerve examined macroscopically and microscopically. The sphenoid bone was malformed and the optic nerve vesicle-like. The remnants of ocular structures were histologically variable. The etiology of these defects in cattle is unknown.
Laser Transmission Welding of Thermoplastics: Analysis of the Heating Phase
Authors: Potente H. , Korte J. , Becker F. 
Published: June 2017

In laser transmission welding, the parts to be joined are brought into contact prior to welding, and the heating and joining phase take place simultaneously. The laser beam of the Nd:YAG laser penetrates the transparent part being joined and is converted into heat by the absorbing part. The transparent part is similarly heated and plasticised by means of heat conduction, thereby ensuring that the parts are welded together. When the heating phase was analysed, it was seen that if the part that absorbs the laser beam has a high adsorption constant, this process phase can be readily described by a physico-mathematical model by analogy to single-sided heat impulse welding. A comparison of calculated and measured melt layer thicknesses showed that, by introducing a correction factor, it is possible for this model to be successfully used for the case of a low absorption constant as well.
Anatomy of Facial Recipient Sites for Autologous Fat Transfer
Authors: Rose John G. , Lemke Bradley N. , Lucarelli Mark J. , Boxrud Cynthia A. , Dortzbach Kathryn L. , Dortzbach Richard K. , Gentry Lindell R. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Autologous fat transfer is an increasingly popular treatment for the aging face. Recently, studies have suggested increased duration of effect with the injection of fat into or adjacent to muscles. Subcutaneous depths of facial muscles have been demonstrated using cadaver dissections, but to our knowledge this is the first study to use radiologic measurements in living subjects in order to quantify muscle depths in the face. Materials and Methods: Forty computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed retrospectively using digital radio imaging software with a calibrated digital measurement tool that was used to measure the depths of the muscles of facial expression corresponding to fat-grafting sites. Correlation was made to formalin-preserved cadaver dissections. Results: Subcutaneous depths of facial muscles are listed as measured radio graphically and on cadaver sections. Discussion: The depths of the muscles of facial expression are more accurately measured using digital radiographs; these depths are important landmarks for facial cosmetic surgeons performing an autologous fat transfer. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize the anatomic depth of the facial muscles in the living human.
Interferon alpha gene expression and serum level association with low vitamin D levels in Egyptian female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Abdel Galil Sahar M , El-Shafey Abeer M , Abdul-Maksoud Rehab S , El-Boshy Mohamed 
Published: June 2017

Background Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are prone to develop vitamin D (25(OH) D3) deficiency, due to several factors and there is an association between lower vitamin D levels and higher SLE disease activity. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Egyptian female patients with SLE. Furthermore, we analyzed the potential relationship between this deficiency and SLE manifestations, disease activity, and its effect on interferon alpha (IFN-α) gene expression and serum level. Methods We evaluated the serum levels of vitamin D 25(OH)D3 and IFN-α by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IFN-α gene expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in 123 Egyptian female patients with SLE and in 100 females as a healthy control group. Results Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in 20.30%, while insufficiency was prevalent in 42.40% of the total group of patients. Serum levels of 25(OH)D3 were significantly decreased in the group of severe disease, and in the group of patients with lupus nephritis. 25(OH)D3 showed highly significant negative correlation with the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) in the high activity group and lupus nephritis group. There was a significant negative correlation between 25(OH)D3 and IFN-α serum level and gene expression in all patients; more significant in the group with lupus nephritis. Conclusions The deficiency of 25(OH)D3 has a direct relationship with increase disease activity and nephritis in Egyptian SLE patients, suggesting the need for vitamin D supplementation in these patients. Also, it is directly correlated with increased secretion and gene expression of IFN-α, suggesting its role in pathogenesis of lupus nephritis, to be confirmed by further longitudinal observational studies.
Health status and concomitant prescription of immunosuppressants are risk factors for hydroxychloroquine non-adherence in systemic lupus patients with prolonged inactive disease
Authors: Iudici M , Pantano I , Fasano S , Pierro L , Charlier B , Pingeon M , Dal Piaz F , Filippelli A , Izzo V 
Published: June 2017

Background/objective The objectives of this paper are to assess the extent of and the factors associated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) non-adherence in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with prolonged inactive disease and to investigate relationships between blood HCQ concentration and quality of life (QoL). Methods Consecutive SLE patients, in remission for at least one year and taking a stable dose of HCQ were investigated. At study entry (T0) and six months later (T6) a blood venous sample was taken to measure whole blood concentration of [HCQ] and desethylchloroquine ([DCQ]). Moreover, at T0 each patient completed validated questionnaires assessing QoL, disability, anxiety, depression and visual analogue scales for fatigue, pain, general health (GH), and self-assessment of disease activity. Results Eighty-three patients with a median [HCQ] of 327 ng/ml were enrolled. At T0, 24 (29%) were defined as non-adherent ([HCQ] < 100 ng/ml). At multiple logistic regression analysis the physical summary of SF-36 ( p = 0.038), and the concomitant use of immunosuppressants ( p = 0.010) were independently associated with non-adherence. A significant increase of HCQ adherence was observed at T6 ( p < 0.05). Conclusions A better health status and the concomitant prescription of immunosuppressants represent risk factors for HCQ non-adherence in SLE patients in remission. Monitoring HCQ levels might represent an important opportunity to improve adherence.
Bridging the ocean: Kiribati Australia alliance in mental health
Authors: Ryan Brigid , Viane Manrenga , Timmins Fran , Smith Alex , Anstey Claire 
Published: June 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the benefits of collaboration between Australia and Kiribati, a Pacific island nation, to enhance Kiribati’s mental health system. Method: The collaboration involved a training program for a Kiribati senior mental health leader in Melbourne, Australia, and service planning including prioritisation of key areas for development. Results: As well as receiving general training in community-based mental health, the Kiribati mental health leader gained skills in modification of the inpatient environment, with plans for implementation in Kiribati within the current limited resources. Future planning will focus on shifting from an emphasis on acute psychiatric treatment and custodial care to a recovery-oriented approach. Conclusion: The international exchange was a positive experience for both the Kiribati participants and their Australian colleagues. Knowledge transfer was achieved in a short time, and service development appropriate and realistic for the Kiribati environment was planned.
The ‘whole truth’ about practice
Authors: Ellis Judith 
Published: June 2017

• All health care professionals must be able to justify their actions • Litigation cases are on the increase • Practice should be based on available evidence • Expert witnesses help the court understand the case and will compare a professional's practice against that reasonably expected of members of the professional's own professional group • Consideration of professional practices now may prevent or minimise the stress of future investigation and justification
Diagnosis and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip: A current practice of paediatric orthopaedic surgeons
Authors: Al-Essa Rakan S , Aljahdali Fares H , Alkhilaiwi Rakan M , Philip Winnie , Jawadi Ayman H , Khoshhal Khalid I 
Published: June 2017

Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the prevalent musculoskeletal conditions in young adults and is a leading cause of hip osteoarthrosis in this age group. The optimum age for surgical intervention when needed is not well established in the literature and the lack of management guidelines and standard practice of DDH leads to different practices worldwide. This study aims to investigate the current practice of paediatric orthopaedic surgeons in diagnosing and treating DDH worldwide and identify points of agreement and disagreement. Methods: A cross-sectional study utilizing an online questionnaire was designed to examine the different points of view and current practice of paediatric orthopaedic surgeons worldwide regarding DDH diagnosis and treatment. Results: Ninety-one surgeons responded, with an overall response of 45.5%. The vast majority of respondents use ultrasonography in children less than 3 months of age and pelvic radiography in over 3 months to diagnose DDH. Pavlik harness is the most popular DDH treatment for children younger than 6 months. For older children, closed reduction with hip spica cast is the most preferable treatment. The maximum duration of first-line treatment has a broad range. The treatment of bilateral DDH varies widely among surgeons. Conclusion: This study shows clearly that paediatric orthopaedic surgeons do not agree on the diagnosis and treatment protocol of DDH, hence different approaches to this common disease are practised. The lack of an international guideline should motivate paediatric orthopaedic surgeons to discuss and formulate a uniform and evidence-based protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of DDH.