bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Emergence of Social Work Practice Research in the Peoples’ Republic of China
Authors: Sim Timothy , Lau Victor C. Y. 
Published: May 2016

Objective: In China where social work is a fledgling profession, practice research is still a novelty. This article aims to provide an overview of the development of social work practice research in mainland China. Methods: This review analyzes the content of 206 Chinese journal articles published in the Peoples’ Republic of China since 1915 using the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, with a focus on the question “who published what?” Results: The first social work practice research was published in 1999 and it has been increasing in recent years in China. They are predominantly conducted by academics and the collaboration between academics and practitioners is rare and can be further promoted. Conclusions: Practice research could be stepped up to build a distinctive professional knowledge base for social work in China considering its unique geographical, cultural, socioeconomic, and political contexts.
Habitual Use of High-Heeled Shoes Affects Isokinetic Soleus Strength More Than Gastrocnemius in Healthy Young Females
Authors: Farrag Ahmed , Elsayed Walaa 
Published: May 2016

Background: Habitual use of high-heeled shoes (HHS) has been reported to negatively impact different body structures. However, few studies have investigated its effect on plantarflexor performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of habitual wear of HHS and knee joint position (to isolate the function of the gastrocnemius) on the isokinetic performance of the plantarflexors and ankle joint range of motion (ROM). Methods: A high-heel (HH) group included 12 women (25.4 ± 4.8 y) who have been wearing HHS for ≥40 hours/wk and for at least a year. A control group (CTRL) had 12 women (21.3 ± 0.5 y) who have occasionally been wearing HHS for <10 hours/wk. Participants performed isokinetic (60 degrees/s) plantarflexion movements through a range set between 15 degrees dorsiflexion and 30 degrees plantarflexion. Ankle joint ROM and average peak plantarflexion torque and power were recorded in 2 knee joint positions, extension and 90 degrees flexion. Results: Overall, torque was significantly affected by knee position ( P = .04) and habitual use of HHS ( P < .001), whereas power was impacted by knee position only ( P < .001). Within each group, flexing the knee reduced isokinetic measurements. However, the reduction was greater for the HH group (torque: 54 Nm, power: 35.6 W) compared with the CTRL group (torque: 42 Nm, power: 32.5 W). Ankle joint ROM was significantly different between groups in knee flexion only. Conclusion: Flexing the knee limited the plantarflexor muscular performance and the limitation was more significant in habitual users of HHS compared to nonusers. Thus, it is concluded that habitual use of HHS impacts the contractile properties of soleus more than gastrocnemius. Clinical Relevance: The soleus is important for walking and anterior cruciate ligament protection. Thus, HHS users could be susceptible to injury and may need longer and more intensive posttraumatic rehabilitation. Therefore, clinicians should consider knee position when examining the plantarflexors of habitual HHS users.
A four-drug combination therapy consisting of low-dose tacrolimus, low-dose mycophenolate mofetil, corticosteroids, and mizoribine in living donor renal transplantation: A randomized study
Authors: Yan Tian-zhong , Wu Xiao-qiang , Rong Lu 
Published: May 2016

Objective: We compared a three-drug combination therapy (control group) consisting of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids in living donor renal transplantation with a four-drug combination therapy (study group), in which the doses of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil were halved and the immunosuppressive drug mizoribine was added, in order to determine whether the incidence rates of acute rejection after transplantation between the study group and the control group are similar, whether the study group regimen prevents the occurrence of calcineurin inhibitor–induced renal damage, and whether the study group regimen prevents adverse effects such as diarrhea caused by mycophenolate mofetil. Methods: We investigated the incidence of acute rejection, serum creatinine levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate and the incidence of adverse effects such as diarrhea. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of acute rejection. Renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum creatinine) was maintained in the control group whereas in the study group renal function gradually improved, with a statistical difference observed at 12 months. The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhea was significantly higher in the control group than in the study group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of cytomegalovirus infection and other adverse effects. Conclusion: These results suggest the study group therapy is an effective regimen in preventing acute rejection and the deterioration of renal function. These results also show this therapy can reduce the incidence of adverse effects such as gastrointestinal symptoms.
Associations between maternal anthropometric characteristics and infant birth weight in Iranian population
Authors: Nourbakhsh Sormeh , Ashrafzadeh Sepideh , Hafizi Ali , Naseh Ali 
Published: May 2016

Objective: To examine the (1) normal ranges of anthropometric and insulin resistance/sensitivity indices (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, homeostatic model assessment for insulin sensitivity, and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) for Iranian pregnant women and their newborns and (2) associations between maternal anthropometric and metabolic values and infants’ birth weights among Iranian women. Methods: Anthropometric and metabolic values of 163 singleton non-diabetic pregnant women in Tehran, Iran (2014) were collected before and during pregnancy and at delivery. Linear regression, multivariable regression, and Student t tests were used to evaluate correlations between birth weight and maternal variables. Results: Linear regression modeling suggested that maternal serum glucose ( p = 0.2777) and age ( p = 0.6752) were not associated with birth weight. Meanwhile, maternal weight and body mass index before pregnancy ( p = 0.0006 and 0.0204, respectively), weight at delivery ( p = 0.0036), maternal height ( p = 0.0118), and gestational age ( p  = 0.0016) were positively associated with birth weight, while serum insulin ( p = 0.0300) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance ( p = 0.0334) were negatively associated with infant’s birth weight. Using multivariate modeling, we identified severalconfounders: parity (multipara mothers delivered heavier babies compared to first-time mothers) explained as much as 24% of variation in birth weight ( p = 0.005), maternal height explained 20.7% ( p = 0.014), gestational age accounted for 19.7% ( p = 0.027), and maternal body mass index explained 19.1% ( p = 0.023) of the variation in the infant’s birth weight. Maternal serum insulin and infant’s sex were not observed to be associated with birth weight ( p = 0.342 and 0.669, respectively) in the overall model. Conclusion: Overweight/obese women may experience higher incidence of delivering larger babies. Multivariable regression analyses showed that maternal body mass index and height, parity, and gestational age are associated with newborn’s birth weight.
The cystic fibrosis lower airways microbial metagenome
Authors: Moran Losada Patricia , Chouvarine Philippe , Dorda Marie , Hedtfeld Silke , Mielke Samira , Schulz Angela , Wiehlmann Lutz , Tümmler Burkhard 
Published: May 2016

Chronic airway infections determine most morbidity in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Herein, we present unbiased quantitative data about the frequency and abundance of DNA viruses, archaea, bacteria, moulds and fungi in CF lower airways.Induced sputa were collected on several occasions from children, adolescents and adults with CF. Deep sputum metagenome sequencing identified, on average, approximately 10 DNA viruses or fungi and several hundred bacterial taxa.The metagenome of a CF patient was typically found to be made up of an individual signature of multiple, lowly abundant species superimposed by few disease-associated pathogens, such asPseudomonas aeruginosaandStaphylococcus aureus, as major components. The host-associated signatures ranged from inconspicuous polymicrobial communities in healthy subjects to low-complexity microbiomes dominated by the typical CF pathogens in patients with advanced lung disease. The DNA virus community in CF lungs mainly consisted of phages and occasionally of human pathogens, such as adeno- and herpesviruses. TheS. aureusandP. aeruginosapopulations were composed of one major and numerous minor clone types.The rare clones constitute a low copy genetic resource that could rapidly expand as a response to habitat alterations, such as antimicrobial chemotherapy or invasion of novel microbes.
The CNAP™ Finger Cuff for Noninvasive Beat-To-Beat Monitoring of Arterial Blood Pressure: An Evaluation in Intensive Care Unit Patients and a Comparison with 2 Intermittent Devices
Authors: Lakhal Karim , Martin Maëlle , Faiz Sofian , Ehrmann Stephan , Blanloeil Yvonnick , Asehnoune Karim , Rozec Bertrand , Boulain Thierry 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND:
Continuous and intermittent noninvasive measurements of arterial blood pressure (BP) have not been compared in the same population. In a large panel of intensive care unit patients, we assessed the agreement between CNAP™ (Continuous Noninvasive Arterial Pressure) finger cuff beat-to-beat monitoring of BP and reference intraarterial measurements. Two automated oscillometric brachial cuff devices were also tested: CNAP brachial cuff (used for CNAP finger cuff calibration) and an alternative device. The performance for detecting hypotension (intraarterial mean BP <65 mm Hg or systolic BP <90 mm Hg), response to therapy (therapy-induced increase in mean BP >10%), and hypertension (intraarterial systolic BP >140 mm Hg) was evaluated. We also assessed the between-calibration drift of CNAP finger cuff BP in specific situations: cardiovascular intervention or no intervention.

METHODS:
With each device, 3 pairs of noninvasive and intraarterial measurements were prospectively collected and analyzed according to current guidelines, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard. The trending ability and drift of the CNAP finger cuff BP were assessed over a 15-minute observation period.

RESULTS:
In 182 patients, CNAP finger cuff and CNAP brachial cuff readings did not conform to ISO standard requirements (mean bias ± SD exceeding the maximum tolerated 5 ± 8 mm Hg), whereas the alternative automated brachial cuff succeeded for mean and diastolic BP. CNAP finger cuff trending ability was poor (concordance rate <70% over a 15-minute period) owing to a significant drift since calibration, especially if a cardiovascular intervention was performed (n = 75, −7.5 ± 10.2 mm Hg at the 14th minute, ie, before recalibration, versus −2.9 ± 7.9 mm Hg if no cardiovascular intervention occurred, n = 103, P = 0.0008). However, a similar and reliable performance was observed for the detection of hypotension with the CNAP finger cuff (within 4 minutes after calibration) and with the 2 automated brachial cuffs (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≥0.91, positive and negative likelihood ratios ≥5 and ≤0.20, respectively). The performance for the detection of response to therapy or of hypertension was slightly lower.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a large population of intensive care unit patients, CNAP did not fulfill the ISO criteria and exhibited a relevant between-calibration drift. However, CNAP measurements collected within 4 minutes after calibration were reliable for detecting hypotension, as were oscillometric devices, while providing beat-to-beat measurements. Interestingly, an alternative automated brachial cuff was more reliable than the native one, used for calibration. This information is important to clinicians using those devices and for further development of the CNAP technology.
The Feasibility and Utility of Continuous Sleep Monitoring in Critically Ill Patients Using a Portable Electroencephalography Monitor
Authors: Vacas Susana , McInrue Erin , Gropper Michael A. , Maze Mervyn , Zak Rochelle , Lim Eunjung , Leung Jacqueline M. 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND:
Sleep disruption in critically ill adults can result in acute decrements in cognitive function, including delirium, but it is underdiagnosed in the setting of the intensive care unit (ICU). Although sleep stages can be assessed by polysomnography (PSG), acquisition and interpretation of PSG is costly, is labor intensive, is difficult to do over an extended period of time with critically ill patients (multiple days of continuous recording), and may interfere with patient care. In this pilot study, we investigated the feasibility and utility of monitoring sleep in the ICU setting using a portable electroencephalography (EEG) monitor, the SedLine® brain monitor.

METHODS:
We first performed a baseline comparison study of the SedLine brain monitor by comparing its recordings to PSG recorded in a sleep laboratory (n = 3). In a separate patient cohort, we enrolled patients in the ICU who were monitored continuously with the SedLine monitor for sleep disruption (n = 23). In all enrolled patients, we continuously monitored their EEG. The raw EEG was retrieved and sleep stages and arousals were analyzed by a board-certified technologist. Delirium was measured by a trained research nurse using the Confusion Assessment Method developed for the ICU.

RESULTS:
For all enrolled patients, we continuously monitored their EEGs and were able to retrieve the raw EEGs for analysis of sleep stages. Overall, the SedLine brain monitor was able to differentiate sleep stages, as well as capture arousals and transitions between sleep stages compared with the PSG performed in the sleep laboratory. The percentage agreement was 67% for the wake stage, 77% for the non-rapid eye movement (REM) stage (N1 = 29%, N2 = 88%, and N3 = 6%), and 89% for the REM stage. The overall agreement was measured with the use of weighted kappa, which was 0.61, 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.64. In the ICU study, the mean recording time for the 23 enrolled patients was 19.10 hours. There were several signs indicative of poor-quality sleep, where sleep was distributed throughout the day, with reduced time spent in REM (1.38% ± 2.74% of total sleep time), and stage N3 (2.17% ± 5.53% of total sleep time) coupled with a high arousal index (34.63 ± 19.04 arousals per hour). The occurrence of ICU delirium was not significantly different between patients with and without sleep disruption.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest the utility of a portable EEG monitor to measure different sleep stages, transitions, and arousals; however, the accuracy in measuring different sleep stages by the SedLine monitor varies compared with PSG. Our results also support previous findings that sleep is fragmented in critically ill patients. Further research is necessary to develop portable EEG monitors that have higher agreement with PSG.
Optimum harvest maturity for Leymus chinensis seed
Authors: Lin Jixiang , Wang Yingnan , Qi Mingming , Li Xiaoyu , Yang Chunxue , Wang Yongcui , Mu Chunsheng 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Timely harvest is critical to achieve maximum seed viability and vigour in agricultural production. However, little information exists concerning how to reap the best quality seeds of Leymus chinensis, which is the dominant and most promising grass species in the Songnen Grassland of Northern China. The objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate possible quality indices of the seeds at different days after peak anthesis. Seed quality at different development stages was assessed by the colours of the seed and lemmas, seed weight, moisture content, electrical conductivity of seed leachate and germination indices. Two consecutive years of experimental results showed that the maximum seed quality was recorded at 39 days after peak anthesis. At this date, the colours of the seed and lemmas reached heavy brown and yellow, respectively. The seed weight was highest and the moisture content and the electrical conductivity of seed leachate were lowest. In addition, the seed also reached its maximum germination percentage and energy at this stage, determined using a standard germination test (SGT) and accelerated ageing test (AAT). Thus, Leymus chinensis can be harvested at 39 days after peak anthesis based on the changes in parameters. Colour identification can be used as an additional indicator to provide a more rapid and reliable measure of optimum seed maturity; approximately 10 days after the colour of the lemmas reached yellow and the colour of the seed reached heavy brown, the seed of this species was suitable for harvest.
Depletion of kinesin-12, a myosin-IIB-interacting protein, promotes migration of cortical astrocytes
Authors: Feng Jie , Hu Zunlu , Chen Haijiao , Hua Juan , Wu Ronghua , Dong Zhangji , Qiang Liang , Liu Yan , Baas Peter W. , Liu Mei 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Kinesin-12 (also named Kif15) participates in important events during neuronal development, such as cell division of neuronal precursors, migration of young neurons and establishment of axons and dendritic arbors, by regulating microtubule organization. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms behind the functions of kinesin-12, and even less is known about its roles in other cell types of the nervous system. Here, we show that kinesin-12 depletion from cultured rat cortical astrocytes decreases cell proliferation but increases migration. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown and small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments indicated that kinesin-12 directly interacts with myosin-IIB through their tail domains. Immunofluorescence analyses indicated that kinesin-12 and myosin-IIB colocalize in the lamellar region of astrocytes, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses revealed an interaction between the two. The phosphorylation at Thr1142 of kinesin-12 was vital for their interaction. Loss of their interaction through expression of a phosphorylation mutant of kinesin-12 promoted astrocyte migration. We suggest that kinesin-12 and myosin-IIB can form a hetero-oligomer that generates force to integrate microtubules and actin filaments in certain regions of cells, and in the case of astrocytes, that this interaction can modulate their migration.
Responsible court in the global world – managerism or managerialism
Authors: Morawska Sylwia , Banasik Przemysław 
Published: May 2016

One can look at the improvement of the effectiveness and efficiency of the justice system from three perspectives: macro, mezo, and micro. After all, the general goal is to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the justice system as a whole (the macro perspective), the courts (the mezo scale), and court proceedings (the micro scale). The need to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the justice system was noticed in the Strategy of modernization of justice in Poland in the years 2014–2020 prepared by the Ministry of Justice incorporates the three abovementioned perspectives. From the perspective of this paper, emphasis has been placed on courts. The Strategy, as a matter of fact, assumes that the improvement of the effectiveness and efficiency of courts may occur by introducing a model of management based on the idea of “managerialism” to run them. Effective and efficient courts, just like the proceedings they operate, are particularly important in the face of globalization, regulatory arbitration, as well as forum shopping. Based on a case study, this paper outlines the results of an innovative pilot project of implementing management methods of running common courts, and sets out to answer the question of the extent to which the state of institutional development of courts allows one to employ good practices in courts already successful in the world of business. During the pilot study, in 60 selected regional, district, and appellate courts, with the support of external experts, „good practices” were implemented to serve as management enhancements (Final report…, 2014..). The results of the pilot study prove that the level of institutional development of courts determines the possibility of introducing good management practices that have already been approved in the world of business. This situation is further complicated by the diverse level of institutional development among courts. The type of a given court (its size, regional, district, appellate) may impact the possible upgrade of the maturity of the way a given practice functions. Also, not all business practices are eligible for implementation, given the different level of managers’ competence, as well as the frequently clear process of taking on the management staff.
Non–rinse skin cleansers: the way forward in preventing incontinence related moisture lesions?
Authors: Harries F. J. , Begg P. A. 
Published: May 2016

Objective: The use of non-rinse skin cleansers in the care of patients who are at risk of tissue breakdown is not new within the National Health Service (NHS). Back to the Floor Continence Care Rounds (introduced in 2012 to facilitate bedside continence care education) at University Hospitals Birmingham had identified that in the current climate of austerity and efficiency savings, the use of non-rinse cleanser was being randomly rationed. Our objective was to determine whether the introduction of a smaller tube of non-rinse cleanser with targeted education would improve usage and ultimately improve the skin of incontinent patients. Method: There were five clinical areas randomised into two groups. In group 1 three clinical areas were provided with targeted education and new sizes of tubes of non-rinse skin cleanser. In group 2, the two remaining clinical areas acted as control groups, one receiving targeted education only and the remaining had no education or new sized tubes. The incidence of incontinence associated moisture lesions from each clinical area was monitored for 13 weeks pre and post study period. Results: The in-depth study undertaken at University Hospitals Birmingham, over a 6-month period, confirmed a trend in staff committing to the ethos of prudency, and in turn compromising the use of the most effective treatment and prevention of incontinence associated moisture lesions. The ability of the Trust staff to recognise and respond to a change in practice and the responsiveness of a commercial provider to the proposed new methodology has resulted in a significant reduction in incontinence associated moisture lesions across the trust. The clinical areas included in the study demonstrated a 70–76.9% reduction in moisture lesion incidence compared to an 8.3–13.6% reduction in the control groups. Conclusion: The results strongly suggest that a reduction in incontinence associated moisture lesions can be achieved by a simple change in nursing regime. The combination of solid education provision, alongside a more appropriate size of product, has demonstrated significant patient benefit, greater adherence in practice and a reduction in waste. The integrity of the patients' tissue was preserved and staff were satisfied with their input and the patients' progress. The outcomes of this study will have an impact on patient benefit and on the efficiency for trusts resulting in greater patient satisfaction and a more appropriate use of limited resources. Declaration of interest: SCA provided 20ml tubes of TENA Wash Cream free of charge and the TENA Nurse Advisor for support during the education provision element of the study.