bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and Concerns About Misinformation on Facebook in Canada, France, the US, and the UK
Authors: Boulianne Shelley , Hoffmann Christian P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Across the globe, people are concerned about misinformation despite evidence suggesting actual exposure is limited and specific to subgroups. We examine the extent to which concerns about misinformation on Facebook are related to perceived exposure to misinformation on the platform (misinformation perceptions), political experiences on Facebook, and country context. Using survey data gathered in February 2021 in four countries (Canada, France, UK, and the US), we find a strong positive correlation between perceptions of and concerns about misinformation on Facebook. We explain that this concern about misinformation is rational in that it is rooted in personal experience of perceived exposure. Seeing political content and observing uncivil political discussions on Facebook also relate to concerns about misinformation. We explain heightened concerns about misinformation in terms of views about the virality of misinformation on Facebook as well as the presumed influence of misinformation on others (third-person effects), which makes misinformation a perceived threat to democracy and society. The observed relationships are supported in three of the four countries, but France tends to be an exception. Understanding citizens’ concerns about misinformation is important for understanding support for interventions, including platform regulation.
From Reflection to Action: Enhancing Workplace Well-Being Through Digital Solutions
Authors: van Berkel Niels , Visuri Aku , Shalawadi Sujay , Evans Madeleine R , Tag Benjamin , Hosio Simo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Despite the widely acknowledged importance of well-being, our well-being can regularly be under pressure from external sources. Work is often attributed as a source of stress and dissatisfaction, so, unsurprisingly, extensive efforts are made to measure and improve our well-being in this context. This paper examines opportunities to better design supportive digital solutions through two complementary studies. In the first study, we present a longitudinal assessment of a well-being-focused self-report application deployed in two organizations. Through an analysis of one year of application usage across 219 users, we find both established and novel patterns of application usage and well-being evaluation. While prior work has highlighted substantial dropout rates and daily well-being fluctuations that peak in the morning and early evening, our results highlight that substantial breaks in usage are common, suggesting that users choose to engage with well-being applications mainly when they need them. In the second study, we expand on the topic of well-being reflection at work and the use of technology for this purpose. Through a survey involving 100 participants, we identify current practices in increasing well-being at work, obstacles to sharing and discussing mental well-being states, opportunities for digital well-being solutions and reflections on transparency and communication. Our combined results highlight opportunities for HCI research and practice to address the ongoing challenges of maintaining well-being in today’s work environments.
Association of genomically enhanced residual feed intake with performance, feed efficiency, feeding behavior, gas flux, and nutrient digestibility in growing Holstein heifers
Authors: O’Reilly Keara , Carstens Gordon E , Johnson Jocelyn R , Deeb Nader , Ross Pablo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI), a metric of feed efficiency, is moderately heritable and independent of body size and productivity, making it an ideal trait for investigation as a selection criterion to improve the feed efficiency of growing cattle. The objective of this study was to examine the differences in performance, feed efficiency, feeding behavior, gas flux, and nutrient digestibility in Holstein heifers with divergent genomically enhanced breeding values for RFI (RFIg). Holstein heifers (n = 55; BW = 352 ± 64 kg) with low (n = 29) or high (n = 26) RFIg were selected from a contemporary group of 453 commercial Holstein heifers. Heifers were rotated between 1 of 2 pens, each equipped with 4 electronic feed bunks and 1 pen with a GreenFeed emissions monitoring (GEM) system. Individual dry matter intake (DMI) and feeding behavior data were collected for 84-d. Body weight (BW) was measured weekly and spot fecal samples were collected at weighing. Phenotypic RFI (RFIp) was calculated as the residual from the regression of DMI on average daily gain (ADG) and mid-test metabolic BW (BW0.75). A mixed model including the fixed effect of RFIg classification and the random effect of group was used to evaluate the effect of RFIg classification on response variables. There were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) in BW and ADG for heifers with divergent RFIg; however, low RFIg heifers consumed 7.5% less (P &lt; 0.05) feed per day. Consequently, low RFIg heifers exhibited a more favorable (P &lt; 0.05) RFIp compared to high RFIg heifers (−0.196 vs 0.222 kg/d, respectively). Low RFIg heifers had 8.7% fewer (P &lt; 0.05) bunk visit events per day and tended to have an 11.2% slower (P &lt; 0.10) eating rate. Low RFIg heifers had 7.7% lower (P &lt; 0.05) methane (CH4) emissions (g/d), 6.1% lower (P ≤ 0.05) carbon dioxide (CO2) production (g/d), and 5.6% lower (P ≤ 0.05) heat production (Mcal/d) than high RFIg heifers. However, CH4 yield and CO2 yield (g/kg DMI), and heat production per unit DMI (Mcal/kg DMI) did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) between heifers with divergent RFIg. Dry matter (DM) and nutrient digestibility did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) between heifers with divergent RFIg. Results suggest that selection based on RFIg provides opportunities to select cattle with favorable feed efficiency phenotypes to increase the economic and environmental sustainability of the cattle industry.
Environmental Enforceable Undertakings: An Innovative Tool to Repair and Prevent Environmental Harm
Authors: Forsyth Miranda , Tepper Felicity 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article identifies an emerging form of sanction for addressing environmental harm: the environmental enforceable undertaking (EEU). Currently used for environmental protection in Australia and the UK, the EEU is a cooperative, timely, and accountable regulatory instrument targeted at encouraging offenders to voluntarily invest in repairing and preventing harm, frequently going beyond basic regulatory compliance. We identify four regulatory objectives met by EEUs (strategic; responsive; deterrent; and preventative) before discussing how EEUs might contribute to the environmental regulation landscape, exploring examples primarily from Australia, but also the UK. Finally, we discuss how EEUs can benefit not only the regulator and regulated but can also involve the community in environmental regulation. We then assert a fifth regulatory objective: they can serve as a restorative form of regulation.
Anti-liver cancer therapeutic targets and safety of usenamine A in experimental liver cancer
Authors: He Xiaoqiong , Zhou Zhangping , Wang Jing , Zhao Qing , Fan Shirui , Yao Qian , Lian Wenjing , You Yutong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Liver cancer is highly heterogeneous with poor drug response. Usenamine A has anticancer activity. Usnic acid has hepatocytotoxicity.

Objectives
As a derivative of usnic acid, if usenamine A can be safely used in treatment for liver cancer is unknown.

Methods
MTT and clone formation assays assessed cell viability and proliferation. Tumor growth was determined using a xenograft model. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle. mRNA transcriptome sequencing investigated differential gene expression. Safety was evaluated in mice.

Key findings
Usenamine A inhibited proliferation and clone formation of HepG2 cells and xenograft tumor growth through cell cycle arrest at G0/G1. Usenamine A altered gene expression in a direction supporting anticancer activity. IL24, JUN, DUSP4, and DUSP5 were upregulated while PRKACA, PRKCB, TP53, WNT6, E2F3, LGR4, GPR78, and MAPK4 were downregulated. Ten of above genes overlapped in the KEGG enriched non-small cell lung cancer/glioma/cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction/Wnt/MAPK pathway network. Usenamine A has a strong binding affinity for PRKACA and PRKCB proteins. Usenamine A showed minimal toxicity in mice.

Conclusions
Usenamine A is a safe anticancer agent against hepatocellular carcinoma. Regulation of 12 cancer-associated genes and the correlated pathway network are its therapeutic targets.
The U-shaped association between hemoglobin concentrations and all-cause death risk in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Xu Yilin , Fang Jianhua , Kang Xiuhua , Xiang Tianxin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of anemia in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been well described. However, few studies have explored its association with short-term and long-term mortality risk in CAP patients.

Aim
We aimed to investigate the associations between hemoglobin concentrations at baseline and 14-day and 1-year mortality risk in a CAP population with a large sample size. Our data originated from the Dryad database, including a dataset from the study “Incidence rate of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a population-based prospective active surveillance study in 3 cities in South America.” A total of 1463 study samples with follow-up data from the dataset were enrolled for our analysis.

Results
During the follow-up period of 3 years, the 14-day risk and 1-year mortality risk were 206 (14.08%) and 401 (27.41%), respectively, among these CAP patients. Curve analysis indicated a strong U-shaped relationship between blood hemoglobin concentrations and 14-day mortality (r = –0.191, P &lt; .001) and 1-year mortality (r = –0.220, P &lt; .001). The blood hemoglobin level with the lowest point of mortality risk was 14.5 g/dL, suggesting that an increased hemoglobin concentration contributed to reduced 14-day and 1-year mortality risk in CAP patients when hemoglobin does not exceed 14.5 g/dL even if it is within the normal clinical range. In addition, we also observed significant associations of hemoglobin with 14-day mortality risk (odds ratio [OR] = 0.817; 95% CI, 0.742-0.899 P &lt; .001) and 1-year mortality risk (OR = 0.834; 95% CI, 0.773-0.900; P &lt; .001), but only in participants without risk factors for health care–associated pneumonia (HCAP) rather than in participants with risk factors for HCAP.

Conclusion
The greatest discovery is that our findings indicated a significant U-shaped relationship between hemoglobin levels and 14-day and 1-year mortality risk in CAP patients. However, a significant relationship was only discovered in subjects without risk factors for HCAP. More evidence is needed to support this finding.
The geometry of conchiferan shell evolution: origins of coiling and bivalved morphologies
Authors: Roopnarine Peter D , Goodwin David H 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The unifying theme of conchiferan shell morphology, including near-logarithmic expansion of a coiling cone, has led to the development of numerous descriptive mathematical models. Here, we develop and demonstrate a simple geometric model, based on minimal assumptions of ontogenetic development and mantle activity, that seeks to explain several fundamental features, including the origin of coiling, lateral compression and both pseudobivalved and true bivalved morphologies in the Diasoma. Coiling is hypothesized to have been facilitated by a genetically controlled asymmetry in the rate of mineralization around the growing margin of early Cambrian univalved taxa that adhered to an epibenthic life mode. Coiling would have been advantageous, and still is, for increase of size, internal volume expansion and protection against hydrodynamic and biotic forces. Three hypotheses are tested for the origin of Rostroconchia and Bivalvia. The first is an existing hypothesis of descent from laterally compressed helcionellid taxa. The other two are novel hypotheses, the first involving a bifurcation of the mineralizing asymmetry of the shell field along the anterior–posterior axis of symmetry, and the second proposes a bifurcation of the shell field itself, rendering each bivalve valve homologous with the univalve shell. Both hypotheses generate model shells consistent with rostroconch and bivalve morphologies respectively, and it is suggested that the proliferation of laterally compressed conchiferans in the late Cambrian is at least partially a result of multiple independent, and evolutionarily convergent invasions of organic and algae rich soft sediment environments.
Selective degradation of phage RNAs by the Csm6 ribonuclease provides robust type III CRISPR immunity in Streptococcus thermophilus
Authors: Johnson Katie A , Garrett Sandra C , Noble-Molnar Christopher , Elgarhi Hanna A , Woodside Walter T , Cooper Clare , Zhang Xinfu , Olson Sara , Catchpole Ryan J , Graveley Brenton R , Terns Michael P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Type III CRISPR immune systems bind viral or plasmid RNA transcripts and activate Csm3/Cmr4 and Cas10 nucleases to uniquely cleave both invader RNA and DNA, respectively. Additionally, type III effector complexes generate cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) signaling molecules to activate trans-acting, auxiliary Csm6/Csx1 ribonucleases, previously proposed to be non-specific in their in vivo RNA cleavage preference. Despite extensive in vitro studies, the nuclease requirements of type III systems in their native contexts remain poorly understood. Here we systematically investigated the in vivo roles for immunity of each of the three Streptococcus thermophilus (Sth) type III-A Cas nucleases and cOA signaling by challenging nuclease defective mutant strains with plasmid and phage infections. Our results reveal that RNA cleavage by Csm6 is both sufficient and essential for maintaining wild-type levels of immunity. Importantly, Csm6 RNase activity leads to immunity against even high levels of phage challenge without causing host cell dormancy or death. Transcriptomic analyses during phage infection indicated Csm6-mediated and crRNA-directed preferential cleavage of phage transcripts. Our findings highlight the critical role of Csm6 RNase activity in type III immunity and demonstrate specificity for invader RNA transcripts by Csm6 to ensure host cell survival upon phage infection.
Light Color Regulation of Photosynthetic Antennae Biogenesis in Marine Phytoplankton
Authors: Kehoe David M , Biswas Avijit , Chen Bo , Dufour Louison , Grébert Théophile , Haney Allissa M , Joseph Kes Lynn , Kumarapperuma Indika , Nguyen Adam A , Ratin Morgane , Sanfilippo Joseph E , Shukla Animesh , Garczarek Laurence , Yang Xiaojing , Schluchter Wendy M , Partensky Frédéric 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Photosynthesis in the world’s oceans is primarily conducted by phytoplankton, microorganisms that use many different pigments for light capture. Synechococcus is a unicellular cyanobacterium estimated to be the second most abundant marine phototroph, with a global population of 7 × 1026 cells. This group’s success is partly due to the pigment diversity in their photosynthetic light harvesting antennae, which maximize photon capture for photosynthesis. Many Synechococcus isolates adjust their antennae composition in response to shifts in the blue:green ratio of ambient light. This response was named type 4 chromatic acclimation (CA4). Research has made significant progress in understanding CA4 across scales, from its global ecological importance to its molecular mechanisms. Two forms of CA4 exist, each correlated with the occurrence of one of two distinct but related genomic islands. Several genes in these islands are differentially transcribed by the ambient blue:green light ratio. The encoded proteins control the addition of different pigments to the antennae proteins in blue versus green light, altering their absorption characteristics to maximize photon capture. These genes are regulated by several putative transcription factors also encoded in the genomic islands. Ecologically, CA4 is the most abundant of marine Synechococcus pigment types, occurring in over 40% of the population oceanwide. It predominates at higher latitudes and at depth, suggesting that CA4 is most beneficial under sub-saturating photosynthetic light irradiances. Future CA4 research will further clarify the ecological role of CA4 and the molecular mechanisms controlling this globally important form of phenotypic plasticity.
Comprehensive analysis of aging-related gene expression patterns and identification of potential intervention targets
Authors: Yang Sha , Song Jianning , Deng Min , Cheng Si 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the aging process and identify potential interventions to mitigate age-related decline and diseases.

Methods
This study utilized the GSE168753 dataset to conduct comprehensive differential gene expression analysis and co-expression module analysis. Machine learning and Mendelian randomization analyses were employed to identify core aging-associated genes and potential drug targets. Molecular docking simulations and mediation analysis were also performed to explore potential compounds and mediators involved in the aging process.

Results
The analysis identified 4164 differentially expressed genes, with 1893 upregulated and 2271 downregulated genes. Co-expression analysis revealed 21 modules, including both positively and negatively correlated modules between older age and younger age groups. Further exploration identified 509 aging-related genes with distinct biological functions. Machine learning and Mendelian randomization analyses identified eight core genes associated with aging, including DPP9, GNAZ, and RELL2. Molecular docking simulations suggested resveratrol, folic acid, and ethinyl estradiol as potential compounds capable of attenuating aging through modulation of RELL2 expression. Mediation analysis indicated that eosinophil counts and neutrophil count might act as mediators in the causal relationship between genes and aging-related indicators.

Conclusion
This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of aging and offers important implications for the development of anti-aging therapeutics.
Key Messages What is already known on this topic – Prior research outlines aging’s complexity, necessitating precise molecular targets for intervention. What this study adds – This study identifies novel aging-related genes, potential drug targets, and therapeutic compounds, advancing our understanding of aging mechanisms. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy – Findings may inform targeted therapies for age-related conditions, influencing future research and clinical practices.
Gappy action and murder
Authors: Melamed Noam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the form of persistence distinctive of intentional actions. Unlike entities whose progression through time is typically continuous, our actions often have parts separated in time by a gap in our own activity. The way in which their coherence is understood thus affects their attribution to us. I present a theory of agency at the gaps that accounts for such phenomena and passes two touchstones. It solves the puzzle of the time of a killing in a new way and provides a support to the assessment of moral agency.
Bringing Capacity Back In: Paradiplomacy and Sub-State Government Internationalization in the Global Economy
Authors: Kovacikova Lucia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Why do some sub-state governments establish offices abroad for international economic development, while others do not? This article focuses on the paradiplomatic policy of sub-state government internationalization (SGI) that allows sub-state governments to build international networks abroad to promote greater trade, investment, and tourism within their borders. Moving away from autonomy-focused explanations, this article develops three capacity-based hypotheses about the adoption and size of sub-state internationalization. Using an original dataset of the 517 sub-state governments within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the analysis reveals that revenue, human capital, and information capacities are significant in predicting SGI. These findings help paint a novel picture of sub-state internationalization in the globalized economy, showcasing a new methodological and theoretical approach for the study of paradiplomacy and sub-state decision-making.
Exploring genetic and immune cell dynamics in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with Epstein–Barr virus infection via machine learning
Authors: Gui Jiajun , Fang Mengyuan , Tu Jianxin , Chen Xiaowei , Sun Li 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
EBV is a widespread virus implicated in various diseases, including SLE. However, the specific genes and pathways altered in SLE patients with EBV infection remain unclear. We aimed to identify key genes and immune cells in SLE patients with EBV infection.

Methods
The datasets of SLE (GSE50772 and GSE81622) and EBV infection (GSE85599 and GSE45918) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Next, differential gene expression (DEGs) analyses were conducted to identify overlapping DEGs, and then enrichment analysis was performed. Machine learning was applied to identify key genes. Validation was conducted using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and expression level verification in test datasets and single-cell RNA sequencing. Immune cell infiltration patterns were analysed using CIBERSORTx, and clinical data were reviewed for SLE patients.

Results
We identified 58 overlapping DEGs enriched in IFN-related pathways. Five overlapping DEGs (IFI27, TXK, RAPGEF6, PIK3IP1 and PSENEN) were selected as key genes by machine-learning algorithms, with IFI27 showing the highest diagnostic performance. The expression level of IFI27 was found to be higher in CD4 CTL, CD8-naïve and various B cell subsets of SLE patients with EBV infection. IFI27 showed significant correlation with B intermediate and CD4 CTL cells. Clinical data showed lower CD4 T cell proportions in SLE patients with EBV infection.

Conclusion
This study identified IFI27 as a key gene for SLE patients with EBV infection, influencing CD4 CTL and B cell subtypes. These findings enhance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking SLE and EBV infection, providing potential targets for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Two different mirror neuron pathways for social and non-social actions? A meta-analysis of fMRI studies
Authors: Zhao Minghui , Li Rui , Xiang Sijia , Liu Ning 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Mirror neurons (MNs) represent a class of neurons that are activated when performing or observing the same action. Given their role in social cognition and previous research in patients with psychiatric disorders, we proposed that the human MN system (MNS) might display different pathways for social and non-social actions. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 174 published human functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Our findings confirmed the proposed hypothesis. Our results demonstrated that the non-social MN pathway exhibited a more classical pattern of frontoparietal activation, whereas the social MN pathway was activated less in the parietal lobe but more in the frontal lobe, limbic lobe, and sublobar regions. Additionally, our findings revealed a modulatory role of the effector (i.e. face and hands) within this framework: some areas exhibited effector-independent activation, while others did not. This novel subdivision provides valuable theoretical support for further investigations into the neural mechanisms underlying the MNS and its related disorders.