bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre- and postnatal psychosocial intervention concepts
Authors: Egloff G. , Djordjevic D. 
Published: June 2017

Psychiatry, psychoanalysis and infant mental health research of the last decades have led to intervention concepts for pre- and postnatal stages of human development. Such concepts reach from how parents-to-be can be prepared for parenthood to how to intervene in support of relation and attachment in infants, toddlers and older children. Especially the postnatal relation of infant and parents has been examined extensively, as have parental competencies. The expression of intuitive parental competencies (according to Papousek and Papousek) may be compromised by diverse factors, thus putting the infant's psychic development at risk in general. Early intervention concepts may help out to some extent. In German-speaking countries, there are intervention programs focusing on bonding as there are on handling, processing of and coping with trauma, on promoting secure attachment between infant and parents, on relational issues, on bodily contact, on understanding the infant's signals, including those of the preterm infant, as well as on educational practices. From prenatal period onwards up to kindergarten age there are structured interventions, including the involvement of parents and parents-to-be. Yet, some factors of psychic development and of pathology may not necessarily be reached by these. Whereas concepts on an individual level of personality education do exist, nevertheless there might have to be collective measures. There seems to be a need to augment the agenda as there is good reason to assume that in the last decades there has been a motion toward new social deprivation stemming from societal depravation processes, which might potentiate future deprivation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
“The Wounded Healer”: An anti-stigma program targeted at healthcare professionals and students
Authors: Hankir A. , Carrick F. , Zaman R. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction“The wounded healer” (TWH) is an innovative method of pedagogy that blends art with science that is delivered by an award-winning doctor with first-hand experience of a mental health condition. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of TWH at reducing stigma from healthcare professionals and students towards their peers with a mental health condition.BackgroundTWH has been delivered to more than 30,000 people in 9 countries on 5 continents worldwide and has been integrated into the medical school curricula of 4 UK universities. TWH also featured in the 2015 iMed Congress in Lisbon, Portugal, the largest medical student congress in Europe (n = 1000).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, mixed-methods study on participants who attended TWH in venues across the UK. Paper questionnaires containing stigma constructs with response items on a Likert-scale were hand distributed to participants. Free-text comments were subjected to thematic analyses.ResultsTwo hundred and nineteen over 256 participants recruited responded (85% response rate); 207/219 (94%) of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that TWH made them realise that medical students and doctors who experience mental distress can recover and achieve their goals.Themes that emerged from analyses of free-text comments included, “inspirational”, “merits of blending art with science”, and “benefits of receiving a talk from a doctor with first-hand experience of a mental health problem”.DiscussionOur findings suggest that TWH might be effective at reducing stigma from healthcare professionals and students towards their peers with mental health problems. More robust research in this area is needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The role of personality and trait affectivity on delusional ideation
Authors: Tonna M. , Paglia F. , Ottoni R. , Ossola P. , De Panfilis C. , Marchesi C. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThe relationship between personality and delusional ideation in still debated. The present study was aimed to evaluate the role of personality features and trait affectivity on the severity of delusional beliefs, through the lens of a dimensional approach. In fact, robust evidence suggests that delusional experience presents a dimensional structure rather than an all-or-nothing fashion with a severity gradient of delusional beliefs from general population to full-blown delusional disorder (DD).MethodForty-nine inpatients affected by DD and 42 non-delusional outpatients were administered the structured interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders, the Pathological Narcissism Inventory–Italian Version, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the Peters et al. 33–Italian version.ResultsSeverity of delusional ideation was positively related to “hiding the self” (HS) domain of narcissistic vulnerability and to paranoid traits and negatively related to “positive affect” (PA). Paranoid traits and HS significantly interacted in influencing delusional dimension severity (Fig. 1). Low PA represents a trait affectivity of sadness and lethargy whereas HS is closely related to the experience of shame. We speculate that lower levels of PA and higher levels of HS may grasp the “asthenic” pole of Kretschmer's “sensitive character”.ConclusionThe study findings suggest that the severity of delusional ideation depends, at least in part, on a complex interplay between specific affective and paranoid dispositions within personality. Delusion may constitute the superficial shell, which develops from and cover inner affective vulnerabilities of personality.Fig. 1Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The impact of interpersonal violence in youth sport on adult psychopathology
Authors: Vertommen T. , Kampen J. , Schipper-van Veldhoven N. , Uzieblo K. , Van Den Eede F. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionA recent cohort study in the Netherlands and Belgium showed that 38% of children experienced psychological violence, 11% physical violence, and 14% sexual violence in sport (Vertommen et al., 2016). This study aims to explore the long-term consequences on anxiety, depression and somatic complaints in adults who experienced psychological, physical or sexual violence in the specific context of organized youth sport.MethodsA web survey in a representative sample of adults, prescreened on having participated in organized sport before the age of 18 (n = 4043) was conducted. In this sample, depression, anxiety and somatic problems were assessed using the brief symptom inventory. A generalized linear model was used to quantify the impact of experiencing severe interpersonal violence in sport on psychopathology.ResultsAll three types of severe interpersonal violence (psychological, physical and sexual) were significantly associated with the total score and the subscales of the brief symptom inventory. The effect remains significant after controlling for socio-demographics, as well as disability, sexual orientation, adverse childhood experiences outside sport, recent trauma and family history of psychological problems.ConclusionsExperiencing interpersonal violence against in youth sport is associated with mental health problems in adulthood. This is an important finding to consider in child protection policy in sport.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Intervention in Clinical High Risk States - Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Ruhrmann S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDuring the last twenty years, international efforts advanced the prevention of psychosis considerably. However, improved predictions as well as well-tolerated and needs-tailored interventions are still required.ObjectivesPrediction and Prevention of PsychosisAims Presenting the current state and new developments, including the European Union funded multi-center project PRONIA with regard to prediction (www.pronia.eu, 7th Framework Programme grant agreement n° 602152) and the German multi-center trial ESPRIT funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF grants 01EE1407 C and 01EE1407I) with regard to prevention.MethodsResults of meta-analyses will be presented and discussed with regard to achievements and challenges. Possible advances by current projects will be discussed.ResultsPharmacological as well as psychological prevention has been shown to reduce the incidence rate of psychosis in the respective samples considerably. However, particularly social and role functioning, which are prognostically most important, are still an unsolved challenge. Furthermore, new interventions providing an improved tolerability and acceptance by the patients are required. On the level of prediction, a further improvement of predictive validity, particularly with regard to individualized risk estimation is desired.ConclusionsThe achievements in the field of prevention of psychosis are impressive, but further progress is needed. This should be achieved by studies like PRONIA, which aims at improving risk estimation by an advanced assessment concept as well as a sophisticated data analysis, and ESPRIT, which compares the effects of N-Acetylcysteine with an innovative, modular psychological prevention program focusing not only stress and symptom management, but also social cognitive domains.Disclosure of interestConsultant to Boehringer Ingelheim lecture fees by Boehringer Ingelheim, Otsuka travel grant by Servier.
Clozapine efficiency in tardive syndromes induced by anti-psychotic treatment
Authors: Jouini L. , Ouali U. , Zaouche R. , Jomli R. , Zgueb Y. , Nacef F. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionTardive syndromes (TS) resulting from prolonged exposure to dopamine receptor blocking agents are frequent. Clozapine is considered to have a low risk of causing new onset TS and accounts therefore as an interesting option in patients with invalidating TS.ObjectivesOur study aims to describe clozapine indications in patients experiencing TS.MethodsPresentation of the clinical cases of five patients, who experienced different kinds of TS secondary to 1st and 2nd generation anti-psychotic treatment.ResultsWe present the cases of AB aged 41, MJ aged 40, HM aged 31 and AS aged 30, diagnosed with schizophrenia; and FB aged 24,diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder. Adverse side effects to conventional anti-psychotics such as limb and trunk tremors were described for AB, choreic limb movements, axial and segmental dystonia for MJ, AS, FB and oculogyration for FB. All patients were switched to atypical anti-psychotics without improvement of the TS. The switch to clozapine, associated with abotulinum injection for MJ, led to regression of the TS and improvement of clinical signs. In fact, according to several studies, clozapine seems to be an interesting option when invalidating TS occurs. The low prevalence of TS under clozapine can be explained by its low affinity for striatal-D2 receptors, its anti-serotonin and anti-cholinergic effects.ConclusionsClozapine should be considered in symptomatic patients who develop TS while receiving other anti-psychotics. Further research on mechanism of TS and clozapine effect on TS is needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Childhood Trauma in Bipolar Disorders: Familial and Individual Mediators for Predicting Occurrence and Outcome
Authors: Etain B. 
Published: June 2017

Childhood trauma is highly prevalent in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and has been associated to a more severe/complex expression of the disorder. Little is known about the familial and individual factors that can mediate the occurrence of trauma within families but also influence the outcomes of BD. We will present data from two independent samples of patients with BD in order to identify the potential mediators for occurrence and severity/complexity. In a first sample of 371 patients with BD, 256 relatives and 157 healthy controls, we will show that there is a familial resemblance for emotional and physical abuses. Patients’ level of physical abuse was associated with their parental levels of physical abuse, but also with their father's history of alcohol misuse (p < 0.05). Second, in a sub-sample of 270 normothymic patients, we have performed a path-analysis to demonstrate that emotional and physical abuses interacted with cannabis misuse to increase the frequency of psychotic features and delusional beliefs. Finally, in an independent sample of 485 euthymic patients from the FACE-BD cohort we used path-analytic models to show that emotional abuse increased all the assessed affective/impulsive dimensions (p < 0.001). In turn, affect intensity and attitudinal hostility were associated with high risk for suicide attempts (p < 0.001), whereas impulsivity was associated with a higher risk for presence of substance misuse (p < 0.001). These results illustrate that childhood trauma might derive from parental characteristics (own childhood trauma and psychopathology) and increase the severity/complexity of BD through individual dimensions of psychopathology.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Drug safety warnings in psychiatry: Adverse drug reactions’ signaling from 2002 to 2014
Authors: Prisco V. , Iannaccone T. , Capuano A. , Fabrazzo M. , Catapano F. 
Published: June 2017

Monitoring drug-related side effects in psychiatric patients is highly recommended. In fact, frequent exposure to long-term polipharmacotherapy, poor compliance to pharmachological treatment and co-morbidity with organic illnesses requiring the prescription of other drugs are causes of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interactions. These vulnerability factors result in a certain increase in ADRs (adverse drug reactions). This study performs an analysis of the Italian medicine agency (AIFA) data, in the section “signal analysis”, to attempt an assessment of the safety warnings among the different psychotropic drug classes, belonging to the ATC class: N03 (anti-epileptics), N05 (anti-psychotics), N06 (psycho-analectic drugs). Then we analyzed, in a descriptive way, the different association between the drug and the related ADR, evaluating the different safety profiles, in relation to experimental studies, supporting the importance of the signal. In the last years, among the new 25 ADRs, 10 were related to antidepressant drugs (8 SSRI, 1 mirtazapine, 1 agomelatine). In relation to anti-psychotic drugs, 6 new correlations were found between drug and ADR onset, mainly among atypical anti-spychotics. Other correlations (6 above all) were found among anti-epileptic drugs. Among benzodiazepines, a signal linked to rabdomylysis onset was found. It is also recommended an evaluation of safety profile in relation to zolpidem prescription. The results of our systematic review are a motivational input, considering the continuous increase of safety warnings, to attentively monitor drug's prescription. Spontaneous ADRs’ signaling is a classical system to provide the required attention in relation to a potential risk.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Affective disorders, psychosis and lipid levels: Is there a connection? Linking psychopathology, clinical exams and neurobiology
Authors: Nascimento M. , Lázaro M. , Reis J. , Pereira G. , Bacelar F. , Nobre A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPublished research regarding the relationship between lipid levels in affective disorders has been contradictory. Additionally, most studies correlating psychosis to lipid serum concentrations only concern schizophrenic patients.ObjectiveTo access the relationship between serum lipid levels with the diagnosis and pathophysiology of affective disorders.MethodsDiagnostic data (ICD–10: F31–32), including mood and psychotic features, were prospectively collected for all patients admitted at the affective disorder ward at Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa (Portugal), during the third trimester of 2016. Serum concentrations of triglycerides and total/HDL/LDL cholesterol were evaluated using standard laboratory tests. Statistical analysis was performed for possible correlations between serum lipid levels and:– different stages of bipolar disorder (BD);– elevated versus depressive mood (unipolar and bipolar);– depressive mood (BD versus non-BD);– psychotic features.ResultsSixty-three patients admitted were enrolled in this study: 47 presented with BD (32 manic, 10 depressives and 5 mixed episodes) and 16 presented depressive disorders. Statistical analysis (R software) revealed that depressed bipolar patients had significantly higher triglyceride (P = 0.026), total and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.525) levels than other states; mixed episodes presented higher HDL levels (P = 0.542). Although not significant, manic patients’ HDL levels were consistently elevated compared to depressive ones, whom presented with lower values overall. Finally, when adjusted for age, psychotic patients showed lower levels of total (P = 0.031) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.052) compared to non-psychotic patients.ConclusionsThere is a potential link between serum lipid levels and diagnosis/psychopathology of affective disorders. Further research is needed to characterize its pathophysiologic relevance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A tribute to Jose M.R. Delgado (1915–2011): The pioneer of electric brain-stimulation
Authors: De Jonge L. , Petrykiv S. , Fennema J. , Michielsen P. , Arts M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionJosé Manuel Rodriguez Delgado (1915–2011), a Spanish physiologist, was among the first scientist to perform electric brain stimulation in both animals and humans. His work on brain-stimulation research during the 1960s and 1970s was innovative but also controversial.ObjectivesTo present the scientific papers of Jose Delgado on psychosurgery.AimsTo review available literature and to show evidence that Jose Delgado made a significant contribution to the development of psychosurgery.MethodsA biography and private papers are presented and discussed followed by a literature review.ResultsDelgado showed that with electrical brain stimulation one could evoke well-organized complex behavior in primates. A rhesus monkey was stimulated with an electrode implanted inside the red nucleus, followed by a complex sequence of events. After stimulation of an area three millimeters from the red nucleus, the rhesus monkey just yawned. Delgado also investigated the mechanisms of aggressive behavior in other animals. Stimulation of the caudate nucleus by remote control in a fighting bully resulted in sudden paralysis. In some human patients suffering from depression, euphoria was induced after stimulation of the septum.ConclusionDelgado pioneered the brain electrode implantation in order to electrically stimulate specific brain areas for treatment epilepsy and of different types of mental illness. He was severely criticized. His studies, however, paved the way for new modulation techniques such as the development of deep brain stimulation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Role of Neuroplasticity in the Treatment of Cognitive Impairments by Means Multifactor Neuro-Electrostimulation of the Segmental level of the Autonomic Nervous System
Authors: Petrenko T. , Kublanov V. , Retyunskiy K. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction.Cognitive deficit is a consequence of organic lesions of the central nervous system. Activation of neuroplasticity is a way of effective treatment. There is a suppose that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) involves in the regulation of neuroplasticity.Objectives.We developed a technology for non-invasive electrical stimulate segmental and suprasegmental parts of ANS [1].Methods.Developed technology is implemented in the “SYMPATHOCOR–01” device. The device produces spatially distributed field of current pulses between two multiple electrodes located on the neck. The targets of impact are cervical ganglia of the sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve.Results.The restoration of blood supply in artificial ischemia calf muscles and recovery of behavior patterns during acute phase of the adjustment disorder were received as a result of application technology in experiments on rats [2]. An increase global neurometabolic activity on SPECT was shown in clinical studies [2]. Application device for two weeks in children with ADHD led to reduction of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms [2].Conclusion.We suggest that the demonstrated clinical effects are the results of activate of neuroplasticity by impact on ANS structures. It is necessary to conduct fundamental studies by means of neurovisualization methods (fMRI, PET) for the confirmation action of these mechanisms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psycho-education in Schizophrenia: Evaluation of a new Schizophrenia Questionnaire “SCHIWI” and Predictors of Knowledge Gain
Authors: Lüscher S. 
Published: June 2017

Psycho-education is a well-known therapy within a multi-modal therapy concept for patients with schizophrenia and their relatives, as psycho-education is known to reduce relapse and duration of hospital stays. Here, evaluate a new questionnaire to show the gain of knowledge about schizophrenia, especially in combination with psycho-education during a hospital stay. Furthermore, we aim to find out more about the predictors for knowledge gain after participation in 4 to 8 psycho-educational groups. During 5 years (04/2011 to 08/2015) 517 patients and 223 relatives took part in our psycho-educational groups, 136 participants finished the study. In a test theoretical analysis it was shown that the questionnaire “SCHIWI” with 100 items has similar problems as previous questionnaires, but fulfils the criteria “discriminatory power” and “item- complexity” in a reduced version of 22 (was? Erbsen? Cremants?) and can be considered as a valid questionnaire. We could prove again that psycho-education leads to knowledge gain. Furthermore, we found the predictors “frequency of participation”, “basic knowledge” and possibly “relationship to relatives” to be relevant for knowledge gain in patients. Due to the small number of participating relatives we were not able to find secure predictors here, but we found indications that “previous experience with psycho-education”, “subjective knowledge gain” and “education” could be predictors for knowledge gain. This study underlines the importance of psycho-education in the treatment of schizophrenia, but emphasizes the need to find out more about possible predictors in further research.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.