bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3‐Year Randomized Controlled Prospective Clinical Trial on Different CAD‐CAM Implant Abutments
Authors: Ferrari Marco , Tricarico Maria Gabriella , Cagidiaco Maria Crysanti , Vichi Alessandro , Gherlone Enrico Felice , Zarone Fernando , Sorrentino Roberto 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundZirconia abutments were introduced to restore esthetic regions and showed sufficient stability to support implant restorations. Nonetheless, to date the observation periods are shorter than those of titanium abutments.PurposeTo assess the survival of implant crowns supported by computer aided design‐computer aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) abutments after 3 years.Materials and MethodsFifty‐six patients were selected for this prospective clinical study. Each patient received at least 1 titanium implant for a total of 89 fixtures. A two‐stage surgical technique and no additional soft or hard tissue graft were used. The implants were randomly divided into 3 groups receiving different CAD‐CAM abutments: titanium, titanium nitride, and zirconia. Zirconia or metal‐ceramic crowns were used as final restorations. Cementation was the baseline and the restorations were checked after 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years, assessing any mechanical complication. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the 3‐year success rates.ResultsFive failures were reported in the zirconia group; all the failed restorations showed fractures of the abutment connection. Four failures occurred in posterior regions and one more occurred while screwing the abutment. Titanium and titanium nitride abutments had significantly higher 3‐year success rates than zirconia abutments (p < .05).ConclusionsAtlantis titanium and titanium nitride abutments showed optimal clinical performances after 3 years. Conversely, Atlantis zirconia abutments should be avoided to restore posterior regions.
Bone volume changes after immediate implant placement with or without flap elevation
Authors: Mazzocco Fabio , Jimenez Daniel , Barallat Lucía , Paniz Gianluca , Del Fabbro Massimo , Nart Jose 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of this prospective study were to evaluate bone dimensions after immediate implant placement with simultaneous grafting of the buccal gap, to determine if initial buccal bone width had an influence on bone remodelling and to compare bone volume changes using a flap or a flapless approach after 6 months of healing.Material and methodsThis prospective study included patients who required an extraction and a subsequent immediate implant placement at a non‐molar site. In those cases where tooth extraction was not feasible with a flapless approach (test group) a mucoperiosteal flap was carefully elevated (control group). After extraction, a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was taken. Then, an implant was placed and the buccal gap was grafted using anorganic bovine bone. After 6 months of healing, a second CBCT was performed. A blinded investigator superimposed both images and performed a series of measurements to determine bone volume changes between the two time points.ResultsThirty‐five patients were included in this study, 20 of which belonged to the test group. All together, the differences between baseline and 6 months in buccal plate height, lingual plate height and in ridge width at 2, 4 and 6 mm were 0.48 ± 1.35; 0.58 ± 1.51; 0.64 ± 0.81; 0.59 ± 1.36 and 0.52 ± 1.16, respectively. Only a moderate correlation was observed between initial buccal plate width and buccal plate height at 6 months (P = 0.0001). No statistically significant differences were observed between flap and flapless approach.ConclusionsA mean reduction of around 0.5 mm in height and width after placing immediate implants and filling the residual gap with anorganic bovine bone may be expected. No significant association between initial buccal bone width and ridge width at 6 months was seen. No statistically significant differences were found between the two treatment protocols although more ridge reduction was observed for the flap group.
Minimal Requirements for the Emergence of Learned Signaling
Authors: Spike Matthew , Stadler Kevin , Kirby Simon , Smith Kenny 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe emergence of signaling systems has been observed in numerous experimental and real‐world contexts, but there is no consensus on which (if any) shared mechanisms underlie such phenomena. A number of explanatory mechanisms have been proposed within several disciplines, all of which have been instantiated as credible working models. However, they are usually framed as being mutually incompatible. Using an exemplar‐based framework, we replicate these models in a minimal configuration which allows us to directly compare them. This reveals that the development of optimal signaling is driven by similar mechanisms in each model, which leads us to propose three requirements for the emergence of conventional signaling. These are the creation and transmission of referential information, a systemic bias against ambiguity, and finally some form of information loss. Considering this, we then discuss some implications for theoretical and experimental approaches to the emergence of learned communication.
Effects of guided breath exercise on complex behaviour of heart rate dynamics
Authors: Tavares Bruna S. , de Paula Vidigal Giovanna , Garner David M. , Raimundo Rodrigo D. , de Abreu Luiz Carlos , Valenti Vitor E. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIntroductionCardiac autonomic regulation is influenced by changes in respiratory rate, which has been demonstrated by linear analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Conversely, the complex behaviour is not well defined for HRV during this physiological state. In this sense, Higuchi Fractal Dimension is applied directly to the time series. It analyses the fractal dimension of discrete time sequences and is simpler and faster than correlation dimension and many other classical measures derived from chaos theory. We investigated chaotic behaviour of heart rate dynamics during guided breath exercises.MethodWe investigated 21 healthy male volunteers aged between 18 and 30 years. HRV was analysed 10 min before and 10 min during guided breath exercises. HRV was analysed in the time and frequency domain for linear analysis and through HFD for non‐linear analysis.ResultsLinear analysis indicated that SDNN, pNN50, RMSSD, LF, HF and LF/HF increased during guided breath exercises. HFD analysis illustrated that between Kmax 20 to Kmax 120 intervals, was enhanced during guided breath exercises.ConclusionGuided breath exercises acutely increased chaotic behaviour of HRV measured by HFD.
Older coronary thrombus is an independent predictor of 1‐year mortality in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Kramer Miranda C. , Damman Peter , van der Wal Allard C. , Grundeken Maik J. , van Straalen Jan P. , Koch Karel T. , Henriques Jose P. , Baan Jan , Vis Marije M. , Piek Jan J. , Fischer Johan C. , Tijssen Jan G. P. , de Winter Robbert J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously shown that older thrombus is associated with a twofold higher long‐term mortality in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). We evaluated whether the addition of the presence of older thrombus to a multimarker model would result in increased predictive power for 1‐year mortality in STEMI patients.MethodsThe study population (n = 1442) consists of STEMI patients treated with thrombus aspiration during pPCI. Patients were included if aspirated thrombus material could histopathologically be classified according to thrombus age (n = 870) and laboratory measurements of biomarkers (cardiac troponin T, glucose, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, estimated glomerular filtration rate and C‐reactive protein) were available. The additional prognostic value of the presence of older thrombus beyond multiple biomarkers and established clinical risk factors was evaluated using multivariate Cox regression models.ResultsSerum biomarker concentrations were similar between patients with fresh and older thrombus. Sixty patients (7%) died within 1 year. The presence of older thrombus remained strongly associated with mortality at 1 year after multivariable adjustment for multiple biomarkers and established clinical risk factors. Addition of older thrombus to either a model including clinical risk factors and biomarkers or a model including solely biomarkers resulted in significant increases in the discriminative value, evidenced by net reclassification improvement and integrated discriminative improvement.ConclusionsThe presence of older thrombus provides independent complementary information to a multimarker model including established clinical risk factors and multiple biomarkers for predicting 1‐year mortality in STEMI patients treated with pPCI and thrombus aspiration.
Investigation of small fatigue crack initiation and growth behaviour of nickel base superalloy GH4169
Authors: Zhu L. , Wu Z. R. , Hu X. T. , Song Y. D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSurface replication method was utilized to monitor the small fatigue crack initiation and growth process of single‐edge‐notch tension specimens fabricated by nickel base superalloy GH4169. Three different stress levels were selected. Results showed that small fatigue cracks of nickel base superalloy GH4169 initiated from grain boundaries or surface inclusions. The small fatigue crack initiation and growth stages took up about 80–90% of the total fatigue life. Multiple major cracks were observed in the notch root, and specimen with more major cracks seemed to have smaller fatigue life under the same test conditions. At the early growth stage, small crack behaviour might be strongly influenced by microstructures; thus, the crack growth rates had high fluctuations. However, the stress level effect on the small fatigue crack growth rates was not distinguishable for the three different stress levels. And no clear differences were found among the crack initiation lives by using replication technique.
Conserved interaction of Ctf18‐RFC with DNA polymerase ε is critical for maintenance of genome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Okimoto Hiroko , Tanaka Seiji , Araki Hiroyuki , Ohashi Eiji , Tsurimoto Toshiki 
Published: March 2016

Human Ctf18‐RFC, a PCNA loader complex, interacts with DNA polymerase ε (Polε) through a structure formed by the Ctf18, Dcc1 and Ctf8 subunits. The C‐terminal stretch of Ctf18, which is highly conserved from yeast to human, is necessary to form the Polε‐capturing structure. We found that in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ctf18, Dcc1 and Ctf8 formed the same structure through the conserved C‐terminus and interacted specifically with Polε. Thus, the specific interaction of Ctf18‐RFC with Polε is a conserved feature between these proteins. A C‐terminal deletion mutant of Ctf18 (ctf18ΔC) exhibited the same high sensitivity to hydroxyurea as the complete deletion strain (ctf18Δ) or ATPase‐deficient mutant (ctf18K189A), but was somewhat less sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate than either of them. These phenotypes were also observed in dcc1Δ and ctf8Δ, predicted to be deficient in the interaction with Polε. Furthermore, both plasmid loss and gross chromosomal rearrangement (GCR) rates were increased in ctf18ΔC cells to the same extent as in ctf18Δ cells. These results indicate that the Ctf18‐RFC/Polε interaction plays a crucial role in maintaining genome stability in budding yeast, probably through recruitment of this PCNA loader to the replication fork.
Complete response to short‐term sorafenib treatment alone for hepatocellular carcinoma with bone, lymph node, and peritoneum metastases
Authors: Nakano Norihito , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Aikata Hiroshi , Honda Fumi , Nakamura Yuki , Morio Kei , Hatooka Masahiro , Fukuhara Takayuki , Kobayashi Tomoki , Hiramatsu Akira , Imamura Michio , Kawakami Yoshiiku , Takahashi Shoichi , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: March 2016

We report a 60‐year‐old male patient who developed extrahepatic metastases in bone, peritoneum, and lymph nodes (confirmed by computed tomography and positron emission tomography–computed tomography) after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. He was treated with sorafenib (800 mg/day) but developed grade 3 hand–foot syndrome. He continued to be treated with sorafenib but at a lower dose (400 mg/week). The response to sorafenib therapy was graded as complete response at 6 months by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Sorafenib was continued for 8 months and the patient remained in complete response for 11 months. Further reporting of similar cases should help design treatment strategies and evaluate predictors of the response to sorafenib therapy.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about influenza illness and vaccination: a cross‐sectional survey in two South African communities
Authors: Wong Karen K. , Cohen Adam L. , Norris Shane A. , Martinson Neil A. , von Mollendorf Claire , Tempia Stefano , Walaza Sibongile , Madhi Shabir A. , McMorrow Meredith L. , Variava Ebrahim , Motlhaoleng Katlego M. , Cohen Cheryl 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundUnderstanding knowledge and sentiment toward influenza and vaccination is important for effective health messages and prevention strategies. We aimed to characterize knowledge, attitudes, and practices surrounding influenza illness and vaccination in two South African communities and explore reasons for vaccine hesitancy.MethodsHousehold primary caregivers in Soweto and Klerksdorp townships were interviewed about knowledge of influenza and intention to receive an influenza vaccine using a structured questionnaire. Factors associated with unwillingness to receive vaccine were explored using multivariable regression.ResultsWe interviewed representatives of 973 households in Soweto and 1,442 in Klerksdorp. Most respondents in Soweto (692, 71%) and Klerksdorp (1247, 87%) thought weather or cold caused influenza. While most would get a free influenza vaccine, those unwilling to receive vaccine had concerns about efficacy (Soweto: 19%; Klerksdorp: 19%) and safety (Soweto: 17%; Klerksdorp: 10%). In Soweto, females (aRR 2·0, 95% CI 1·3–3·2) and those with higher household income (aRR 1·8, 95% CI 1·2–2·7) were less willing to receive vaccine. In Klerksdorp, more educated respondents (aRR 1·6, 95% CI 1·1–2·4) were less willing to receive vaccine; households reporting an HIV‐positive member were more willing to receive vaccine (aRR 0·3, 95% CI 0·1–0·8).ConclusionsAlthough findings suggest most community participants were amenable to influenza vaccination, knowledge gaps were present. Emphasizing the importance of influenza as a health problem and addressing vaccine safety and efficacy concerns may improve uptake. Populations less amenable to vaccination, including those with higher education and income, may benefit from targeted messaging efforts.
Aminothiazoles inhibit RANKL‐ and LPS‐mediated osteoclastogenesis and PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells
Authors: Kats Anna , Norgård Maria , Wondimu Zenebech , Koro Catalin , Concha Quezada Hernán , Andersson Göran , Yucel‐Lindberg Tülay 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPeriodontitis is characterized by chronic inflammation and osteoclast‐mediated bone loss regulated by the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aminothiazoles targeting prostaglandin E synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) on RANKL‐ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐mediated osteoclastogenesis and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in vitro using the osteoclast precursor RAW 264.7 cells. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with RANKL or LPS alone or in combination with the aminothiazoles 4‐([4‐(2‐naphthyl)‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐yl]amino)phenol (TH‐848) or 4‐(3‐fluoro‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐N‐(4‐phenoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐amine (TH‐644). Aminothiazoles significantly decreased the number of multinucleated tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive osteoclast‐like cells in cultures of RANKL‐ and LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, as well as reduced the production of PGE2 in culture supernatants. LPS‐treatment induced mPGES‐1 mRNA expression at 16 hrs and the subsequent PGE2 production at 72 hrs. Conversely, RANKL did not affect PGE2 secretion but markedly reduced mPGES‐1 at mRNA level. Furthermore, mRNA expression of TRAP and cathepsin K (CTSK) was reduced by aminothiazoles in RAW 264.7 cells activated by LPS, whereas RANK, OPG or tumour necrosis factor α mRNA expression was not significantly affected. In RANKL‐activated RAW 264.7 cells, TH‐848 and TH‐644 down‐regulated CTSK but not TRAP mRNA expression. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of aminothiazoles on PGE2 production was also confirmed in LPS‐stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. In conclusion, the aminothiazoles reduced both LPS‐ and RANKL‐mediated osteoclastogenesis and PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting these compounds as potential inhibitors for treatment of chronic inflammatory bone resorption, such as periodontitis.
Heritability, evolvability, phenotypic plasticity and temporal variation in sperm‐competition success of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Dobler R. , Reinhardt K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSperm‐competition success (SCS) is seen as centrally important for evolutionary change: superior fathers sire superior sons and thereby inherit the traits that make them superior. Additional hypotheses, that phenotypic plasticity in SCS and sperm ageing explain variation in paternity, are less considered. Even though various alleles have individually been shown to be correlated with variation in SCS, few studies have addressed the heritability, or evolvability, of overall SCS. Those studies that have addressed found low or no heritability and have not examined evolvability. They have further not excluded phenotypic plasticity, and temporal effects on SCS, despite their known dramatic effects on sperm function. In Drosophila melanogaster, we found that both standard components of sperm competition, sperm defence and sperm offence, showed nonsignificant heritability across several offspring cohorts. Instead, our analysis revealed, for the first time, the existence of phenotypic plasticity in SCS across an extreme environment (5% CO2), and an influence of sperm ageing. Evolvability of SCS was substantial for sperm defence but weak for sperm offence. Our results suggest that the paradigm of explaining evolution by sperm competition is more complex and will benefit from further experimental work on the heritability or evolvability of SCS, measuring phenotypic plasticity, and separating the effects of sperm competition and sperm ageing.
Fibrinolysis Treatment for Cerebral Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Temporal and Spatial Voxel‐Based Analysis
Authors: Strinitz Marc , Kuramatsu Joji , Kaschka Iris , Kloska Stephan , Dörfler Arnd , Schwab Stefan , Huttner Hagen B. , Seifert Frank 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVEA voxel‐based statistical approach on computer tomographic data in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and acute intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was used to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns of intraventricular blood in patients treated with intraventricular fibrinolysis (IVF) or without.METHODSIVH shapes were systematically assessed three dimensionally in patients with supratentorial ICH at three intervals of time (day of admission, day 4 ± 1, day 7+). The boundaries of the intraventricular blood clot were delineated on computed tomography (CT) scans using dedicated software. The CT scan and the IVH shape were transferred into stereotaxic space. In a second step, voxel‐based statistics on group level were used to correlate the distribution of intraventricular blood with the interval and the treatment group.RESULTSAltogether 45 patients, 29 with IVF therapy and 16 without, were eligible to be included into this study. We found significant (false discovery rate [FDR] correction, q < .05) reduction of the intraventricular blood between day of admission and day 7 + for the third and fourth ventricle and parts of both lateral ventricles. In addition, we were able to show a significant difference between the IVF therapy and the conventionally treated group at day 4 ± 1 for the third ventricle.CONCLUSIONSThe data indicate that voxel‐based analysis on group level can be used to compare the time course and the distribution of intraventricular hemorrhage. This technique could be an interesting tool for future research on ICH with IVH.
Alpha-boswellic acid protects against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats: involvement of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway
Authors: Zhang Yikai , Jia Jing , Ding Yi , Ma Yongzheng , Shang Peijin , Liu Tianlong , Hui Guangfei , Wang Lin , Wang Mingming , Zhu Zhihui , Li Yuwen , Wen Aidong 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to assess the gastroprotective properties of alpha-boswellic acid (α-BA), a pentacyclic triterpene compound from extracts of Frankincense.

Methods
The gastroprotection of α-BA was assessed with ethanol-induced gastric lesions model, by histopathological assessment and measuring gastric juice acidity (pH), gastric wall mucus (GWM), prostaglandins E2 (PGE-2), membrane lipids peroxidation (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and amount of nitric oxide (NO). The gastroprotective effects of α-BA through the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) anti-oxidative pathway were presented and measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.

Key findings
The results showed that α-BA reduced injuries associated with the administration of ethanol, gastric juice acidity and the formation of MDA and increased CAT activity and SOD activity and the level of NO and PGE-2 in a dose-depended manner. The expression of both Nrf2 and HO-1 was significantly increased in the group treated with 200 mg/kg α-BA, which suggested that activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway might be critical in α-BA's prevention of gastric ulcers.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that α-BA decreases oxidative stress and that the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway might play a role in the gastroprotective action of α-BA in ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats.
Influence of 5% dextrose volume on amphotericin B deoxycholate preparation
Authors: Sun Pingping , Chen Jie , Zhang Zhihao , Gao Xiang , Chen Pan , Li Shuxia 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Preparation of amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB-d) in different volumes of 5% dextrose (D5W) was studied to investigate a interesting phenomenon that AmB-d was easy to bring pipe blockage when diluted in 500 ml but not in 50 ml.

Methods
AmB-d (25 mg/vial) in 50 ml, 250 ml or 500 ml D5W was prepared. Fluids were collected before and after infusion, then were assayed by validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Light obscuration assay was used to detect the particles in transfusions.

Key findings
pH values of different volumes of D5W were all about 3.7, which was lower than the requirement of AmB-d package insert (pH &gt; 4.2). The number of insoluble particles &gt;10 μm/25 μm in 25 mg/500 ml infusions exceeded China Pharmacopoeia limit. Filters in 25 mg/500 ml infusion set were full of AmB-d after dripping slowly for 6 h, and 331.3 ml solution was left in the bottles and only 11.3% of AmB-d could flow out. Whereas the AmB-d infusion consists of 25 mg/50 ml, 25 mg/250 ml and 50 mg/500 ml could meet with China Pharmacopoeia standards, and they flowed out easily and completely.

Conclusions
In practice, 25 mg/250 ml and 50 mg/500 ml would be more suitable for clinical use, rather than 25 mg/500 ml. We provided a convenient method for AmB-d preparation.