bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Quality of Yoghurt Produced from Milk Containing A1 and A2 β-Casein
Authors: Radkowska Iwona , Najgebauer-Lejko Dorota , Filipczak-Fiutak Magda , Duda Iwona 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A2 milk, characterised by the presence of only the A2 β-casein genotype, has recently been of great interest due to its potential health benefits, which are the subject of intensive scientific research. From the dairy industry standpoint, it is crucial to ascertain its functional and technological attributes. The objective of this study was to compare two types of yoghurt (A1 and A2 yoghurts), produced respectively from cows’ milk containing exclusively β-casein (β-CN) A1 (A1/A1) or A2 (A2/A2) genotypes, in terms of basic chemical composition, protein profile, amino acid composition, antioxidant capacity, sensory quality, acidity, instrumental texture and colour profiles, as well as rheological characteristics. The obtained results indicate that the β-CN polymorphism had no significant impact on the basic chemical composition, acidity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) or colour properties of the yoghurts. Nonetheless, the β-CN genotype did affect the textural, rheological, and sensory qualities of the acidic gels, with A2 yoghurt yielding gels exhibiting higher hardness, gumminess, improved consistency and viscosity, and overall sensory quality compared to the corresponding A1 treatment. These results indicate that A2 milk serves as a good raw material for fermented milk production, warranting further investigation.
Architects from Different Fields of Activities in Lithuania and their Specific Mindsets
Authors: Riaubienė Edita , Navickienė Eglė 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The paper focuses on the heterogeneity of the Lithuanian architects’ community across different fields of practice, including building design, building design and other projects, urban design, interior design, and other underrepresented design or non-design activities. It is based on a sociological survey involving 450 practising architects in Lithuania. The study identifies the distinct attitudes of each activity group towards architecture, architectural practice, and professional paths, generalises the profiles of these activity groups, and detects shared similarities or discrepancies among them.
Architects involved in building design and those working on building design and other projects tend to share similar attitudes, forming the foundational worldview of the architectural community due to their quantitative prevalence. Interior designers and architects engaged in underrepresented design or non-design activities demonstrate relatively autonomous approaches. The latter group may either stand-alone or cluster with urban designers. The divergences in attitudes may lead to miscommunication within the professional community.
Solving Equations Systems Using the Penguins Search Optimization
Authors: Mafteiu-Scai Liviu Octavian , Mursa Andrei , Mafteiu-Scai Roxana-Teodora 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Penguin Search Optimization (PeSOA) is an optimization method based on collaborative hunting strategy of penguins. In this work, a solving linear equation systems method based on PeSOA is proposed. A dual population for PeSOA part was also tested. Experimental results obtained with our proposed method compared with those obtained with classical math methods, showed positive perspectives regarding possible extensions of the proposed method for systems of equations of larger dimensions. Conclusions as well as future research directions are also included.
Budget Deficit in a Growing Economy and Impossibility of Fiscal Collapse: A Continuous Time Analysis
Authors: Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Using a continuous time dynamic model of growing economy we will show the following results. 1) When people derive utility from their money holding (or government bond holding) along with their consumption, a budget deficit is essential to achieve and maintain full employment under stable prices or inflation in a growing economy. 2) If we take into account that government spending due to budget deficits increases financial assets held by the private sector, and then consumption will occur from assets in addition to consumption from income, even when the interest rate on government bonds is higher than the real economic growth rate, the ratio of government debt to GDP can not diverge and the divergence is naturally prevented by mild inflation. The required inflation rate is such that the interest rate of the government bonds is smaller than the weighted average of the rate of return on capital and the nominal growth rate. Since the interest rate of the government bonds is usually considered smaller than the rate of return on capital, this is not a very demanding requirement. Thus, we need not worry at all about the accumulation of government debt or about the divergence of the debt to GDP ratio, which is often taken as an indicator of fiscal collapse.
The effect of ethyl acetate extract from Atractylis flava Desf. on the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in NR8383 alveolar rat macrophage cells
Authors: Melakhessou Mohamed Akram , Eddine Marref Salah , Zahra Doumandji , Ramia Safar , Marref Cherine , Imene Becheker , Olivier Joubert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Atractylis flava Desf. (AF) is common plant that is widely used for its anti- inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the cytotoxic effect and the molecular basis of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethyl acetate extract (AFEAE) obtained from the whole plant A. flava. This was accomplished through the use of NR8383 alveolar rat macrophage cells. Cultures of alveolar rat macrophage cells were treated with AFEAE (25–800 μg/mL), and cell viability was determined via WST-1 and LDH tests. In turn, the gene expression levels of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin 1 beta (IL1-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase (OPA1), Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA) and neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1) were assessed by applying RT-qPCR. The results show that ethyl acetate extracts of A. flava have non-cytotoxic effects, and the gene expression analysis demonstrates that AFEAF extracts generate significant downregulation of NF-κB, TNFα, IL-1 β, IL-6, NCF1, OPA1 and SDHA, compared to untreated cells. This study reveals that Atractylis flava ethyl acetate extract administration may be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory related diseases.
The influence of military actions on the Ukrainian territory on the work of the healthсare system
Authors: Gutor Taras , Kovalska Oksana , Zaremba Nataliya , Herasymovych Iryna , Diachyschyn Vira , Mysak Zoriana , Timchenko Nataliia , Negrych Nazar , Kovalska Iryna , Lysiuk Roman 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The multi-sided damages caused by the large-scale invasion of Russia has become a great challenge for the medical care system of Ukraine. This research is aimed at studying, analyzing and summarizing data from scientific publications, personal experience, and open sources of relevant information concerning changes that occur in the work within Ukraine’s healthcare system and the activity of medical staff due to the Russian invasion. Special attention has been paid to processes related to relocations of medical staff and health care establishments, field hospitals as an important tool during martial law, as well as for the different types of support provided by the international partners of Ukraine. Data concerning demographic shifts in Ukraine due to the 2022 Russia-Ukraine war are also presented. Moreover, SWOT analysis of changes in the system of health care in Ukraine during martial law has been performed.
Risk factors in children with recurrent urinary tract infection among patients attending Al Zahra Teaching Hospital in Iraq
Authors: Khudhair Asmaa Hassan , Majeed Zahraa Mohammed , Mosa Heba Yehia , Mushin Hidhab Jawad , Nasrawi Alaa Jumaah Manji , Dhiaa Sara Fadhel , Rufaie Mohauman Mohammed Majeed Al 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are considered one of the most common infections that occur in the pediatric age group, leading to very serious morbidity and mortality. The detection of risk factors for urinary tract infection helps in the management and prevention of the recurrence of the infection. This study attempts to review current information on UTIs and determine different risk factors in association. To study the risk factors that are associated with recurrent urinary tract infection in different age groups of childhood among children attending AL Zahra Teaching Hospital.
A case-control study was conducted in AL Zahra Teaching Hospital during the period from October 1st, 2021, to July 30th, 2022. It included 76 children with highly suggestive histories, their examination, and results of the investigations (e.g. urine cultures), as well as 150 healthy children who were taken as controls. The controls were without a history of recurrent UTI and were similar to patients in age, sex and other risk factors that were mentioned in the study. A completed questionnaire was given to each child’s mother, and then the results were analyzed.
The study showed that non educated mothers OR (3.2), vesicouetrerall reflux OR (3), uncircumcised male OR (2.94), female gender OR (2.7), age groups below than 6 years OR (2.4), low social class OR (2.1) and residency in rural area (OR 2.5) contributed to UTI issues.
When compared to control groups, non educated mothers and vesicoureteral reflux were highly significant risk factors, and other risk factors such as female gender, uncircumcised male, age less than 6 years, low social class and rural area were significant for febrile recurrent urinary tract infection in children.
Exploring the synergistic effect in polyherbal chewable antacid tablets: formulation and evaluation study
Authors: Mankar Someshwar D. , Musale Prerana , Bhawar Sanjay B. , Siddheshwar Suhas S. , Dighe Santosh B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Polyherbal chewable tablets of Phyllanthus emblica and Glycyrrhiza glabra were developed with the objective to formulate an effective, safe and convenient dosage form for acid-related disorders. A standard calibration curve was constructed for Polyherbal extracts through UV-Spectrophotometry, achieving an absorbance maximum at 275 nm. Compatibility between the drug and excipients was examined through FTIR studies. Various pre-compression parameters, like bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausner’s ratio and angle of repose, were assessed for the powder blend. The tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters, such as thickness, hardness, friability, and weight variation and disintegration time. The drug release study was conducted in vitro. The acid-neutralizing capacity of the formulated batches was compared with marketed formulations. The calibration curve showed a high correlation coefficient (r2=0.9972), suggesting accuracy and reliability. FTIR analysis confirmed the compatibility between the drug and excipients. Pre-compression studies revealed an acceptable range for all parameters, indicating good flow properties. For instance, Carr’s Index for all batches varied from 14.31% to 24.41%, and the angle of repose ranged from 33.7 to 35.21 degrees. Post-compression parameters were within the standard limits with hardness between 4.9 to 6.1 kg/cm2 and friability less than 1% for all batches. In vitro drug release showed a gradual increase over time with PF9 achieving 98.63% release at 60 min. The acid-neutralization capacity was highest for the combined extract at 27.83±0.34 mEq/g and PF9 batch at 28.12±0.43 mEq/g, demonstrating their effectiveness in neutralizing acid.
The study successfully formulated a Polyherbal chewable tablet with optimized pre and post-compression parameters. The tablet exhibited promising in vitro drug release and an efficient acid-neutralizing capacity. It holds potential as an effective treatment option for acid-related disorders.
Risk factors and skin colonization/recolonization – a matter in the development of sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery
Authors: Koziol Malgorzata Maria , Czepinska Aleksandra , Stazka Janusz 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cardiac surgeries are classified as “clean procedures” as they do not involve access to any space populated by the patient’s microbiota. Nevertheless, the development of sternal wound infection (SWI) can sometimes occur. The aim of the study was to analyze risk factors of SWI, efficacy of antiseptics procedures, skin microbiota colonization/recolonization, and their impact on infection development in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Of 500 patients who had undergone cardiac surgery through a median sternotomy, perioperative swabs of standardized surgical cut area were taken at three-time points: ‘1’-after admission to treatment rooms, ‘2’-before incision; ‘3’-before chest reconstruction. Material was cultured and grown bacterial colonies were counted.
Out of the total population, 23 patients developed SWI and 11 had suspicion of SWI while 466 were without SWI. Risk factors which had statistically significant impact of infection development were high body mass index (BMI) and use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during operation. The most common SWI-pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Gram-negative bacilli. From the perioperative period, CoNS and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. When simultaneous positive cultures in ‘swab-1 and -3’ were observed (respectively, ≥87 and ≥17 bacterial colonies), the risk of complications was higher (patients with SWI – 69.57%; without SWI – 6.71%). Regarding point ‘3’, significant differences were noted in the general level of grown colonies. About 3 times more bacterial colonies were grown in the group with healing problems and SWI. SWI development is multifactorial. The rate of skin microbiota recolonization during surgery may suggests that being more colonized in the surgical incision area was more susceptible to local complications.
Molecular alterations in mucinous ovarian tumors – a review
Authors: Kawecka Weronika , Bielak Michal , Urbanska Karolina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Mucinous ovarian tumors (MOTs) include primary and secondary neoplasms, the latter of which contribute for 80% of all cases. The most common site of origin for secondary MOTs is the gastrointestinal tract. Proper differentiation between primary and metastatic lesions is essential for effective treatment. Currently, definitive diagnosis is made based on post-operative histopathological examination with the use of immunohistochemical markers. However, the final diagnosis presents a challenge because of the histopathological similarity between mucinous metastases and primary ovarian lesions. Generally, treatment consists of cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, even though malignant tumors are found to be chemo-resistant. Prognosis depends on the type of the tumor, presence of metastases and patient’s general condition. Further research on the genetic background of MOTs is necessary for the better understanding of their origin and more effective treatment. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the field of the molecular features of MOTs and their implications for the diagnostic pathways and potential adjuvant therapy options. The analysis of molecular alterations might not only be an important prognostic factor, but also a useful diagnostic tool in distinguishing between primary mucinous tumors and extra-ovarian metastases or other subtypes of epithelial ovarian neoplasms. Moreover, the examination of genetic mutations seems to increase the efficiency of targeted therapy. However, more research evaluating such therapies in pre-clinical models is needed to improve the results of the diagnostics and treatment of MOTs.
Creativity Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults in the Post-pandemic Era: A Review of the Role of the School and University System
Authors: De Lorenzo Aurelia , Rabaglietti Emanuela 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This literature review, focusing on creativity in the time of the pandemic and post-pandemic, aims to explore the role of creativity in young people’s well-being through the education and university system. The article starts from a redefinition of creativity in the light of a dynamic and interactionist view between person, environment and task as proposed by contemporary studies. A major focus is on the role that creativity has played in well-being in the pandemic and post-pandemic period, especially for vulnerable populations such as adolescents and emerging adults. The article also focuses on the developmental tasks of adolescence and emerging adulthood, which make them particularly appropriate times for developing and promoting creativity. Finally, the review analyzes the contribution and support that schools offer young people during the pandemic. What resources and obstacles still stand in the way of the education system fostering creativity in adolescents and young adults today? The review aims to draw attention to the debated topic of creativity in education systems. Schools and universities can continue to support young people in the post-pandemic era by helping them to play an active role in society using their creative potential.
Cities on the Edge, Cities of Enchantment: Invisible Cities in the Far North
Authors: Egeler Matthias , Jónsdóttir Dagrún Ósk 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Calvino’s Invisible Cities tells a multitude of stories of invisible, unreal, utopian and anti-utopian cities and explores ‘the hidden reasons which bring men to live in cities: reasons which remain valid over and above any crisis’. Our contribution takes up some of the themes that Calvino places at the heart of his poetic meditation on city life. This includes his praise of magical enchantment; the desire for human company that pervades his meditations on the desert traveller’s – the solitary individual’s – view of the city; and the fundamental role of the human action that is most central to Calvino’s book, namely, storytelling itself. To pursue these themes, we take the reader on a journey to some of the northernmost inhabited parts of Iceland, where habitation itself is crumbling.
Daughters and Inheritance: Babylonian Boundary Stone 9 and Numbers 27
Authors: Campbell Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A daughter’s ability to inherit property is treated differently in various ancient Near Eastern cultures. This paper examines the difference between land inheritance by daughters in Israel and Babylon using the text of Numbers 27 and Babylonian Boundary Stone 9. The unique status of land and land allotment in the two societies are explored as well as the implications for the status of daughters. The conclusion from the comparison is that the biblical text excludes daughters because of limited landholdings and the desire to maintain the property inheritance from the initial land allotment event. However, Babylonian Boundary Stone 9 allows daughters to inherit more easily because of fluid landholdings and multiple (royal) land allotment events.
Onesimus as a Brother: Implications of Christian-Islam Relations in Indonesia
Authors: Santoso Agus , Putrawan Bobby Kurnia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe arrival and spread of Christianity along with the Dutch colonialism in Indonesia. This has an impact on the notion that Christianity is a colonial religion for “pribumi” Muslims in Indonesia. This article aims to offers the topic of Onesimus as Philemon’s brother in Paul’s letter to Philemon as a solution to conflict the religiousness between Christianity and Islam. The approach of this article is a postcolonial perspective, where building change from society tends to be positioned on the “two poles” or binary into a society that integrates with each other and rubs off between communities that are local, communal, and global simultaneously.
The Controversy Name of Boaz in the Bible Genealogy from Matthean Perspective: Intertextuality Approach
Authors: Chia Philip Suciadi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The appearance of Boaz’s name in the Bible genealogy – Ruth, 1 Chronicles, Matthew, and Luke – creates difficulty. Ruth 4:21, 1 Chronicles 2:12, Matthew 1:5, Luke 3:32 informs that Boaz was the father of Obed. The issue is the Bible, both Old Testament and New Testament, mentions that the father of Obed should be Mahlon, and not Boaz. According to the book of Deuteronomy, the purpose of Boaz and Ruth’s levirate marriage is to raise up an offspring (Obed) that would continue the name of Mahlon, and not Boaz. In Ruth 4:4, Boaz even confirms this purpose is to perpetuate the name of the deceased (Mahlon). In the Gospel of Matthew, Sadducees also explicitly narrate that the brothers of the dead man would raise up seed for him to perpetuate the name of the dead man (Mat. 22:24-25; cf. Gen. 38:8-10). Therefore, the Law opposes the idea of Obed carrying the name of Boaz, and not Mahlon. This research employs the study of intertextuality to offer another perspective – Matthean perspective – on the problematic name of Boaz in the Bible genealogy: Ruth, 1 Chronicles, Matthew, and Luke.
Preliminary Data on the Species Composition and Distribution of Land Snail (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Son Doong Cave, Phongnha - Kebang National Park
Authors: Khac Hoang Ngoc , Binh Tran Thi Thanh 
Published: September 2024

Son Doong Cave it is the largest cave on the planet and also the most majestic cave in Vietnam. Son Doong Cave is divided into habitats: Dark cave (covered by the cave ceiling) and light cave (not covered by the cave ceiling), including doline 1 and doline 2.Surveying and collecting land snail samples in Son Doong cave was carried out in January 2023. For the first time, the list of terrestrial snail species in Son Doong Cave was published. This includes 30 species (11 phenotyps are just only identified to genus) belonging to 24 genera, 11 families, 3 orders, 3 subclasses; of which the presence of 5 species (Pincerna mouhoti, Leptopoma perlucidum, Scabrina patera, Chloritis khammouanensis, Amphidromus haematostoma) are newly recorded and added to the list of terrestrial gastropod fauna of Vietnam. In Son Doong cave, land snails are only distributed in the light part of the cave (Doline 1 and Doline 2), not in the dark part of the cave, which accounts for most of the cave area. Doline 2 has a higher species diversity (27 species belonging to 22 genera, 8 families, 2 orders) than Doline 1 (13 species belonging to 11 genera, 6 families, 3 orders). The diversity of land snail species in Son Doong cave is very unique and highly distinctive, but the species populations here is very small, requiring recommendations for tourists and the management board to protect vegetation to maintain and develop populations of this species.
Determination of Reactivity Ratios of N-butyl Acrylate/methyl Methacrylate Copolymerization by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Pham Trung Quang , Bui Yen Linh Tran , Hoang Nhat Trinh , Do Dang Van , Nguyen Ngoc Minh 
Published: September 2024

In this study, the reactivity ratios of n-butyl acrylate (BA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were investigated. The copolymerization reactions were performed in toluene at 70 oC, using azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The composition of the initial monomer mixture and copolymers was easily determined with the help of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The molar fractions of BA and MMA in the feed were varied to apply the linear methods of Fineman–Ross and Kelen - Tudos. The calculation gave the reactivity ratios and . The computed copolymer composition was relatively close to the real copolymers obtained, with a 5% deviation.