bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between maternal education and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in adolescents
Authors: Sherar Lauren B , Griffin Tom P , Ekelund Ulf , Cooper Ashley R , Esliger Dale W , van Sluijs Esther M F , Bo Andersen Lars , Cardon Greet , Davey Rachel , Froberg Karsten , Hallal Pedro C , Janz Kathleen F , Kordas Katarzyna , Kriemler Susi , Pate Russell R , Puder Jardena J , Sardinha Luis B , Timperio Anna F , Page Angie S 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundInvestigating socioeconomic variation in physical activity (PA) and sedentary time is important as it may represent a pathway by which socioeconomic position (SEP) leads to ill health. Findings on the association between children's SEP and objectively assessed PA and/or sedentary time are mixed, and few studies have included international samples.ObjectiveExamine the associations between maternal education and adolescent's objectively assessed PA and sedentary time.MethodsThis is an observational study of 12 770 adolescents (10–18 years) pooled from 10 studies from Europe, Australia, Brazil and the USA. Original PA data were collected between 1997 and 2009. The associations between maternal education and accelerometer variables were examined using robust multivariable regression, adjusted for a priori confounders (ie, body mass index, monitor wear time, season, age and sex) and regression coefficients combined across studies using random effects meta-analyses. Analyses were conducted in March 2014.ResultsAdolescents of university educated mothers spent more time sedentary (9.5 min/day, p=0.005) and less time in light activity (10 min/day, p<0.001) compared with adolescents of high school educated mothers. Pooled analysis across two studies from Brazil and Portugal (analysed separately because of the different coding of maternal education) showed that children of higher educated mothers (tertiary vs primary/secondary) spent less time in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) (6.6 min/day, p=0.001) and in light PA (39.2 min/day: p<0.001), and more time sedentary (45.9 min/day, p<0.001).ConclusionsAcross a number of international samples, adolescents of mothers with lower education may not be at a disadvantage in terms of overall objectively measured PA.
Prospective Study of Human Polyomaviruses and Risk of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the United States
Authors: Gossai Anala , Waterboer Tim , Nelson Heather H. , Doherty Jennifer A. , Michel Angelika , Willhauck-Fleckenstein Martina , Farzan Shohreh F. , Christensen Brock C. , Hoen Anne G. , Perry Ann E. , Pawlita Michael , Karagas Margaret R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground: Merkel cell polyomavirus (PyV) is causally related to Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare skin malignancy. Little is known about the serostability of other PyVs over time or associations with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Methods: As part of a U.S. nested case–control study, antibody response against the PyV VP1 capsid proteins of BK and John Cunningham virus (JC) was measured using multiplex serology on 113 SCC cases and 229 gender, age, and study center–matched controls who had a prior keratinocyte cancer. Repeated serum samples from controls and both pre and postdiagnosis samples from a subset of SCC cases were also tested. Odds ratios (OR) for SCC associated with seropositivity to each PyV type were estimated using conditional logistic regression.Results: Among controls, BK and JC seroreactivity was stable over time, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.86 for BK and 0.94 for JC. Among cases, there was little evidence of seroconversion following SCC diagnosis. JC seropositivity prior to diagnosis was associated with an elevated risk of SCC (OR = 2.54; 95% CI, 1.23–5.25), and SCC risk increased with increasing quartiles of JC (Ptrend = 0.004) and BK (Ptrend = 0.02) seroreactivity.Conclusions: PyV antibody levels were stable over time and following an SCC diagnosis. A history of PyV infection may be involved in the occurrence of SCC in a population at high risk for this malignancy.Impact: A single measure of PyV seroreactivity appears a reliable indicator of long-term antibody status, and PyV exposure may be a risk factor for subsequent SCC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 736–44. ©2016 AACR.
New Strategies in Breast Cancer: Immunotherapy
Authors: Pusztai Lajos , Karn Thomas , Safonov Anton , Abu-Khalaf Maysa M. , Bianchini Giampaolo 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
More than 70% of breast cancers contain lymphocytic infiltration in the stroma, and preclinical studies suggest that immunoediting and partial control of cancer progression by the local immune microenvironment operate in most breast cancers. Consistent with this hypothesis, a large number of studies demonstrated a favorable prognostic and chemotherapy response predictive role for immune infiltration in breast cancer. The evidence is particularly strong for triple-negative and HER2-positive cancers. The development of clinically effective immune checkpoint inhibitors now provides an opportunity to test the therapeutic potential of augmenting the local antitumor immune response. Several phase I clinical trials using single-agent anti–PD-1 and anti–PD-L1 antibodies demonstrated objective tumor response rates, with remarkably durable responses, in heavily pretreated, metastatic, triple-negative cancers and somewhat lower responses in estrogen receptor–positive cancers. Currently, close to 50 ongoing, or soon to open, clinical trials evaluate the role of this new treatment modality in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2105–10. ©2016 AACR.
Oncogenic Gene Fusion FGFR3-TACC3 Is Regulated by Tyrosine Phosphorylation
Authors: Nelson Katelyn N. , Meyer April N. , Siari Asma , Campos Alexandre R. , Motamedchaboki Khatereh , Donoghue Daniel J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) are critical for cell proliferation and differentiation. Mutation and/or translocation of FGFRs lead to aberrant signaling that often results in developmental syndromes or cancer growth. As sequencing of human tumors becomes more frequent, so does the detection of FGFR translocations and fusion proteins. The research conducted in this article examines a frequently identified fusion protein between FGFR3 and transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 3 (TACC3), frequently identified in glioblastoma, lung cancer, bladder cancer, oral cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and cervical cancer. Using titanium dioxide–based phosphopeptide enrichment (TiO2)-liquid chromatography (LC)-high mass accuracy tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), it was demonstrated that the fused coiled-coil TACC3 domain results in constitutive phosphorylation of key activating FGFR3 tyrosine residues. The presence of the TACC coiled-coil domain leads to increased and altered levels of FGFR3 activation, fusion protein phosphorylation, MAPK pathway activation, nuclear localization, cellular transformation, and IL3-independent proliferation. Introduction of K508R FGFR3 kinase-dead mutation abrogates these effects, except for nuclear localization which is due solely to the TACC3 domain.
Implications: These results demonstrate that FGFR3 kinase activity is essential for the oncogenic effects of the FGFR3-TACC3 fusion protein and could serve as a therapeutic target, but that phosphorylated tyrosine residues within the TACC3-derived portion are not critical for activity. Mol Cancer Res; 14(5); 458–69. ©2016 AACR.
Obesity-Associated Alterations in Inflammation, Epigenetics, and Mammary Tumor Growth Persist in Formerly Obese Mice
Authors: Rossi Emily L. , de Angel Rebecca E. , Bowers Laura W. , Khatib Subreen A. , Smith Laura A. , Van Buren Eric , Bhardwaj Priya , Giri Dilip , Estecio Marcos R. , Troester Melissa A. , Hair Brionna Y. , Kirk Erin L. , Gong Ting , Shen Jianjun , Dannenberg Andrew J. , Hursting Stephen D. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Using a murine model of basal-like breast cancer, we tested the hypothesis that chronic obesity, an established breast cancer risk and progression factor in women, induces mammary gland epigenetic reprogramming and increases mammary tumor growth. Moreover, we assessed whether the obesity-induced epigenetic and protumor effects are reversed by weight normalization. Ovariectomized female C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet or diet-induced obesity (DIO) regimen for 17 weeks, resulting in a normal weight or obese phenotype, respectively. Mice on the DIO regimen were then randomized to continue the DIO diet or were switched to the control diet, resulting in formerly obese (FOb) mice with weights comparable with control mice. At week 24, all mice were orthotopically injected with MMTV-Wnt-1 mouse mammary tumor cells. Mean tumor volume, serum IL6 levels, expression of proinflammatory genes in the mammary fat pad, and mammary DNA methylation profiles were similar in DIO and FOb mice and higher than in controls. Many of the genes found to have obesity-associated hypermethylation in mice were also found to be hypermethylated in the normal breast tissue of obese versus nonobese human subjects, and nearly all of these concordant genes remained hypermethylated after significant weight loss in the FOb mice. Our findings suggest that weight normalization may not be sufficient to reverse the effects of chronic obesity on epigenetic reprogramming and inflammatory signals in the microenvironment that are associated with breast cancer progression. Cancer Prev Res; 9(5); 339–48. ©2016 AACR.
Frequência populacional de Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr., 1781) (Diptera: Cuterebridae) e sua correlação com variáveis climáticas, no Sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Medeiros William Soares , Baptista Marcelle Nardelli , Borja Gonzalo Efrain Moya 
Published: February 2016

<p>Foi avaliada a frequência de infestação por larvas de <em>Dermatobia hominis </em>em bovinos leiteiros, investigando-se a existência de correlação entre a incidência do berne e os fatores climáticos (temperatura, umidade relativa e precipitação pluviométrica) com a sua distribuição na superfície corporal dos animais. Foram selecionadas duas áreas localizadas na região Sudeste do Brasil: Área 1: clima subtropical/tropical de altitude (Cwa); Área 2: clima tropical (Aw). As observações foram realizadas no período de maio a dezembro de 2013. Em cada propriedade foram examinados dez animais em coletas de campo quinzenais para o levantamento do número de nódulos de berne. Foram registrados nódulos durante todos os meses de coleta. A Área 1 apresentou média de 12,94 bernes/mês, e a Área 2, 7,58 bernes/mês. Na Área 2, não foi constatada a existência de correlação entre o número de bernes e as variáveis climáticas (p &gt; 0,05). Na Área 1, houve correlação entre o número médio de bernes com a temperatura (p = 0,011) e a precipitação (p = 0,034). Esses fatores climáticos, relacionados às características edáficas, influenciam a penetração das larvas L3 e o período pupal. O maior número de nódulos foi encontrado na região anterior inferior, seguida pela região anterior superior do corpo dos animais, regiões nobres que compõe a parte industrializável da pele do animal e que representam a maior causa de prejuízo econômico. </p>
Profound Actions of an Agonist of Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone on Angiogenic Therapy by Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Ma QunChao , Xia Xiangyang , Tao Quanwei , Lu Kai , Shen Jian , Xu Qiyuan , Hu Xinyang , Tang Yaoliang , Block Norman L. , Webster Keith A. , Schally Andrew V. , Wang Jian’an , Yu Hong 
Published: February 2016

Objective—
The efficiency of cell therapy is limited by poor cell survival and engraftment. Here, we studied the effect of the growth hormone–releasing hormone agonist, JI-34, on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) survival and angiogenic therapy in a mouse model of critical limb ischemia.

Approach and Results—

Mouse bone marrow–derived MSCs were incubated with or without 10
–8
mol/L JI-34 for 24 hours. MSCs were then exposed to hypoxia and serum deprivation to detect the effect of preconditioning on cell apoptosis, migration, and tube formation. For in vivo tests, critical limb ischemia was induced by femoral artery ligation. After surgery, mice received 50 μL phosphate-buffered saline or with 1×10
6
MSCs or with 1×10
6
JI-34–reconditioned MSCs. Treatment of MSCs with JI-34 improved MSC viability and mobility and markedly enhanced their capability to promote endothelial tube formation in vitro. These effects were paralleled by an increased phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. In vivo, JI-34 pretreatment enhanced the engraftment of MSCs into ischemic hindlimb muscles and augmented reperfusion and limb salvage compared with untreated MSCs. Significantly more vasculature and proliferating CD31
+
and CD34
+
cells were detected in ischemic muscles that received MSCs treated with JI-34.

Conclusions—
Our studies demonstrate a novel role for JI-34 to markedly improve therapeutic angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemia by increasing the viability and mobility of MSCs. These findings support additional studies to explore the full potential of growth hormone–releasing hormone agonists to augment cell therapy in the management of ischemia.
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet and Incidence of Stroke
Authors: Larsson Susanna C. , Wallin Alice , Wolk Alicja 
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose—
High adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is associated with lower risk of hypertension, the major risk factor for stroke. We examined whether adherence to the DASH diet is inversely associated with the incidence of stroke.

Methods—
The study population comprised 74 404 men and women (45–83 years of age), without stroke at baseline, from the Cohort of Swedish Men and the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Diet was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. A modified DASH diet score was created based on consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes and nuts, whole grains, low-fat dairy, red meat and processed meat, and sweetened beverages. Stroke cases were identified through linkage to the Swedish National Patient and Cause of Death Registers. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results—

During 882 727 person-years (mean, 11.9 years) of follow-up, 3896 ischemic strokes, 560 intracerebral hemorrhages, and 176 subarachnoid hemorrhages were ascertained. The modified DASH diet score was statistically significantly inversely associated with the risk of ischemic stroke (
P
for trend=0.002), with a multivariable relative risk of 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.78–0.94) for the highest versus the lowest quartile of the score. The modified DASH diet score was nonsignificantly inversely associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (corresponding relative risk=0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.63–1.05) but was not associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Conclusions—
These findings indicate that high adherence to the DASH diet is associated with a reduced risk of ischemic stroke.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT01127698 and NCT01127711 for the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men, respectively.
The Book of the Sick of Santa Maria della Morte in Bologna and the Medical Organization of a Hospital in the Sixteenth-Century
Authors: Savoia Paolo 
Published: February 2016

In 2012 a manuscript was rediscovered in the Biblioteca dell’Archiginnasio of Bologna, titled Libro degli infermi dell’Arciconfraternita di S. Maria della Morte. It is the record of incoming patients of one for the main hospitals of the city, devoted exclusively to the sick poor and not just to the poor, called Santa Maria della Morte, compiled by a young student assistant (astante) for the period 1558–1564. I publish here a transcription of a portion of this Libro pertaining to the year 1560. My introduction situates the manuscript within the context of the history of early modern Italian hospitals, describes the organization of the hospital of Santa Maria della Morte based on archival sources of the period, and finally highlights the connections between surgical and anatomical education and the internal organization of the hospital.
Oral distension methods for small bowel MRI: comparison of different agents to optimize bowel distension
Authors: Schmidt Stefan A , Baumann Julia A , Stanescu-Siegmund Nora , Froehlich Eckhart , Brambs Hans-Juergen , Juchems Markus S 
Published: February 2016

Background Different methods for bowel distension prior to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were described in recent years. Purpose To compare orally administered psyllium or locust bean gum / mannitol (LBM) with tylose administered through a duodenal catheter for bowel distension in patients undergoing MRI examination of the small bowel. Material and Methods Three different methods of bowel distension prior to MRI were compared: tylose applied through a duodenal catheter and orally administered psyllium and LBM in three groups with 15 patients each. Datasets were blinded and reviewed independently by two experienced radiologists, who assessed the diagnostic value and the maximum luminal diameter. Results Tylose was superior to psyllium and LBM in the examination of the duodenum and proximal jejunum. LBM was superior to the other methods for distension of the ileum and terminal ileum. The greatest luminal diameter of the duodenum was achieved after tylose and distension of the terminal ileum was the best in patients receiving LBM. The psyllium group was inferior to the other two groups in all segments. Conclusion By using LBM as an oral method of bowel distension, many patients can avoid the unpleasant placement of a duodenal catheter without compromising the diagnostic value of the examination.
Complex scientific applications made fault-tolerant with the sparse grid combination technique
Authors: Ali Md Mohsin , Strazdins Peter E , Harding Brendan , Hegland Markus 
Published: February 2016

Ultra-large–scale simulations via solving partial differential equations (PDEs) require very large computational systems for their timely solution. Studies shown the rate of failure grows with the system size, and these trends are likely to worsen in future machines. Thus, as systems, and the problems solved on them, continue to grow, the ability to survive failures is becoming a critical aspect of algorithm development. The sparse grid combination technique (SGCT) which is a cost-effective method for solving higher dimensional PDEs can be easily modified to provide algorithm-based fault tolerance. In this article, we describe how the SGCT can produce fault-tolerant versions of the Gyrokinetic Electromagnetic Numerical Experiment plasma application, Taxila Lattice Boltzmann Method application, and Solid Fuel Ignition application. We use an alternate component grid combination formula by adding some redundancy on the SGCT to recover data from lost processes. User-level failure mitigation (ULFM) message passing interface (MPI) is used to recover the processes, and our implementation is robust over multiple failures and recovery (processes and nodes). An acceptable degree of modification of the applications is required. Results using the 2-D SGCT show competitive execution times with acceptable error (within 0.1% to 1.0%), compared to the same simulation with a single full resolution grid. The benefits improve when the 3-D SGCT is used. Experiments show the applications ability to successfully recover from multiple failures, and applying multiple SGCT reduces the computed solution error. Process recovery via ULFM MPI increases from approximately 1.5 sec at 64 cores to approximately 5 sec at 2048 cores for a one-off failure. This compares applications’ built-in checkpointing with job restart in conjunction with the classical SGCT on failure, which have overheads four times as large for a single failure, excluding the recomputation overhead. An analysis for a long-running application considering recomputation times indicates a reduction in overhead of over an order of magnitude.
Factors associated with telemonitoring use among patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Albert Nancy M , Dinesen Birthe , Spindler Helle , Southard Jeffrey , Bena James F , Catz Sheryl , Kim Tae Youn , Nielsen Gitte , Tong Katherine , Nesbitt Thomas S 
Published: February 2016

Background In adults with chronic heart failure (HF; defined as people with previously diagnosed left ventricular dysfunction) telemonitoring randomized controlled trials (RCTs) failed to consistently demonstrate improved clinical outcomes. We aimed to examine if patient and HF characteristics are associated with device preferences and use. Methods Using a cross-sectional, multicenter, international design, ambulatory and hospitalized adults with HF in Ohio, California, and Denmark viewed a six-minute video of telemonitoring configurations (tablet, smart phone, and key fob) and completed questionnaires. Comparative analyses were performed and when significant, pairwise comparisons were performed using Bonferroni-adjusted significance levels. Results Of 206 participants, 48.2% preferred smart phones for telemonitoring, especially when traveling (54.8%), with new/worsening symptoms (50%), for everyday use (50%), and connecting with doctors (48.5%). Participants preferred two-way communication and a screen with words over voice or number pads. Of device purposes, allowing for nurse communication ranked highest, followed by maintaining overall health. Very few patient and HF factors were associated with device preferences. Patients with higher health literacy ( p = 0.007), previous/current device use history ( p = 0.008), higher education level ( p = 0.035), and married/cohabitating status ( p = 0.023) had higher perceptions of ease of using devices. Those who were asymptomatic or had mild HF had higher self-confidence for health devices ( p = 0.024) and non-white patients perceived devices as more useful ( p = 0.033). Conclusion Telemonitoring use may be enhanced by simple plug-and-play type devices, two-way communication, and features that meet patients’ personal learning and use needs.
Immigration and Socio-economy as Predictors of Early Retirement Pensions
Authors: Edén Lena , Ejlertsson Göran , Lamberger Berndt , Leden Ido , Nordbeck Bertil , Sundgren Pär 
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study, performed in a Swedish municipality, was to obtain a view of early retirement pensioners, focusing on immigration and socio-economy as predictors of early retirement pensions. A questionnaire was sent to 453 early retirement pensioners with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. A corresponding questionnaire was sent to a randomly selected, age- and sex-matched control group of the same size. The response rate was 83%. The study concludes that immigration and low socio-economy are predictors of early retirement pension (ERP). The rate of immigrants was 19% among the ERPs compared to 5% among the controls. The early retired immigrants were comparatively young, and some of them were overqualified for their previous jobs. Of the ERPs 74% were blue-collar workers compared to 39% of the controls. Neither work satisfaction nor unemployment was found to predict ERP.