bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of trimethoprim in newly formulated liquid dosage form
Authors: Patel Rahul P. , Wanandy Troy , Zani Rizki , Jose Matthew D. , Shastri Madhur , Zaidi Syed T. R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundExtemporaneous preparation of trimethoprim oral suspension using a commercially available trimethoprim tablet, methylcellulose mucilage and syrup, is cumbersome and time‐consuming and there is also an increased risk of dental caries when it is used for the prophylaxis of urinary tract infection.AimTo investigate the stability of trimethoprim suspension formulated in Ora‐Plus/Ora‐Sweet SF over a period of 63 days under two different storage conditions.MethodsCommercially available trimethoprim tablets, Ora‐Plus and Ora‐Sweet SF were used to prepare trimethoprim suspension. The suspension (10 mg/mL) was then packaged in glass bottles and stored at 4 or 25°C. An aliquot was withdrawn immediately before (Day 0) and after 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 63 days. Samples were analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography to measure the changes in trimethoprim concentration before and after storage. Samples were assessed for changes in physical appearance (e.g. odour, caking and ease of resuspension) and pH. Microbial contamination was assessed at the end of 63 days of storage.ResultsTrimethoprim retained more than 95% of its initial concentration for at least 63 days when stored at 4 or 25°C. There were no apparent changes in physical appearance of the suspension and the pH of the suspension remained unchanged throughout the study period. No microbial growth was observed in the tested samples.ConclusionThe newly formulated trimethoprim suspension is chemically, physically and microbiologically stable for at least 63 days, and therefore this suspension can now be extemporaneously prepared and given an acceptable shelf life.
Case report of acute monoarthritis in the postoperative period
Authors: Bhanukumar M. , Raza Mohammed , Menon Vineetha B. , Kurian Justin , Ramesh Madhan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground: Thiazide diuretics are known to cause hyperuricaemia.Aim: We report a case of postoperative acute gouty arthritis secondary to hydrochlorothiazide use.Clinical details: A 65‐year‐old woman developed pain postoperatively in the left foot, characterised by swelling, redness and warmth in the dorsal aspect and tenderness at the first metatarsophalangeal joint. She had a history of hypertension and had been treated with hydrochlorothiazide for the past 3 years. She had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy with umbilical hernioplasty 5 days previously. Based on the presenting signs, symptoms and past medical history, her condition was diagnosed as postoperative acute gouty arthritis secondary to thiazide intake. Causality assessment was suggestive of a possible relationship between the patient's symptoms and her use of hydrochlorothiazide.Outcome: Symptoms improved significantly after the offending drug was withdrawn.Conclusion: Blood uric acid levels should be monitored pre‐ and postoperatively in an individual on thiazide diuretics.
Alloyed Ultra‐High Strength Steels
Authors: Dahmen Martin , Gerhards Benjamin , Lindner Stefan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNew ultra‐high strength steels provide new lightweight opportunities and improve crash properties in future car bodies. Understanding the joining process as well as the response of the base materials on heat input is in order to create designs exploiting the full potential and fulfill the extensive requirements. The following paper makes a contribution for a safety applying of new materials into the car body manufacturing process. Furthermore, it supports the user with laser‐beam joining recommendations for a verified weldability.
Pinosylvin‐Based Polymers: Biodegradable Poly(Anhydride‐Esters) for Extended Release of Antibacterial Pinosylvin
Authors: Bien‐Aime Stephan , Yu Weiling , Uhrich Kathryn E. 
Published: April 2016

Pinosylvin is a natural stilbenoid known to exhibit antibacterial bioactivity against foodborne bacteria. In this work, pinosylvin is chemically incorporated into a poly(anhydride‐ester) (PAE) backbone via melt‐condensation polymerization, and characterized with respect to its physicochemical and thermal properties. In vitro release studies demonstrate that pinosylvin‐based PAEs hydrolytically degrade over 40 d to release pinosylvin. Pseudo‐first order kinetic experiments on model compounds, butyric anhydride and 3‐butylstilbene ester, indicate that the anhydride linkages hydrolyze first, followed by the ester bonds to ultimately release pinosylvin. An antibacterial assay shows that the released pinosylvin exhibit bioactivity, while in vitro cytocompatibility studies demonstrate that the polymer is noncytotoxic toward fibroblasts. These preliminary findings suggest that the pinosylvin‐based PAEs can serve as food preservatives in food packaging materials by safely providing antibacterial bioactivity over extended time periods.
image
Use of glass capillaries to suppress thermal convection in NMR tubes in diffusion measurements
Authors: Iwashita Takashi , Konuma Tsuyoshi , Harada Erisa , Mori Shoko , Sugase Kenji 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDiffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) is used to determine the translational diffusion coefficients of molecules in solution. However, DOSY is highly susceptible to spurious spectral peaks resulting from thermal convection occurring in the NMR tube. Thermal convection therefore must be suppressed for accurate estimation of translational diffusion coefficients. In this study, we developed a new method to effectively suppress thermal convection using glass capillaries. A total of 6 to 18 capillaries (0.8‐mm outer diameter) were inserted into a regular 5‐mm NMR tube. The capillaries had minimal effect on magnetic field homogeneity and enabled us to obtain clean DOSY spectra of a mixture of small organic compounds. Moreover, the capillaries did not affect chemical shifts or signal intensities in two‐dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectra. Capillaries are a simple and inexpensive means of suppressing thermal convection and thus can be used in a wide variety of DOSY experiments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State‐of‐the‐Art and Progress in Method of Moments for the Model‐Based Reversible‐Deactivation Radical Polymerization
Authors: Zhou Yin‐Ning , Luo Zheng‐Hong 
Published: April 2016

Reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques have received lots of interest for the past 20 years, not only owing to their simple, mild reaction conditions and broad applicability, but also their accessibility to produce polymeric materials with well‐defined structures. Modeling is widely applied to optimize the polymerization conditions and processes. In addition, there are numerous literatures on the kinetic and reactor models for RDRP processes, which show the accessibility on polymerization kinetics insight, process optimization, and controlling over chain microstructure with predetermined molecular weight and low dispersity, copolymer composition distribution, and sequence distribution. This review highlights the facility of the method of moments in the modeling field and presents a summary of the present state‐of‐the‐art and future perspectives focusing on the model‐based RDRP processes based on the method of moments. Summary on the current status and challenges is discussed briefly.
image
Probing the structure–activity relationship of endogenous histone deacetylase complexes with immobilized peptide‐inhibitors
Authors: Sindlinger Julia , Bierlmeier Jan , Geiger Lydia‐Christina , Kramer Katharina , Finkemeier Iris , Schwarzer Dirk 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDACs) are key regulators of numerous cellular proteins by removing acetylation marks from modified lysine residues. Peptide‐based HDAC probes containing α‐aminosuberic acid ω‐hydroxamate have been established as useful tools for investigating substrate selectivity and composition of endogenous HDAC complexes in cellular lysates. Here we report a structure–activity study of potential HDAC‐probes containing derivatives of the hydroxamate moieties. While most of these probes did not recruit significant amounts of endogenous HDACs from cellular lysates, peptides containing Nε‐acetyl‐Nε‐hydroxy‐L‐lysine served as HDAC probe. The recruitment efficiency varied between HDACs and was generally lower than that of α‐aminosuberic acid ω‐hydroxamate probes, but showed a similar global interaction profile. These findings indicate that Nε‐acetyl‐Nε‐hydroxy‐L‐lysine might be a useful tool for investigations on HDAC complexes and the development of HDAC inhibitors. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Output feedback sliding‐mode control with unmatched disturbances, an ISS approach
Authors: Aparicio Andrea , Castaños Fernando , Fridman Leonid 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe robustness properties of a first‐order sliding‐mode controller are combined with those of an added linear term in order to obtain a closed loop that shows input‐to‐state stability with respect to matched and unmatched disturbances, of which an upper bound might not be known, using only output information. The output under consideration can have any relative degree. Also, a transformation of the state into a novel output normal form is presented. The zero dynamics are considered unstable and perturbed, so a methodology for defining an observer and a virtual control for it is presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Moderate and Extreme Flow Regulation on Populus Growth along the Green and Yampa Rivers, Colorado and Utah
Authors: Schook D. M. , Carlson E. A. , Sholtes J. S. , Cooper D. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRiver regulation induces immediate and chronic changes to floodplain ecosystems. We analysed both short‐term and prolonged effects of river regulation on the growth patterns of the keystone riparian tree species Fremont cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. wislizenii) at three upper Colorado River Basin rivers having different magnitudes of flow regulation. We compared cottonwood basal area increment on (i) the regulated Upper Green River below Flaming Gorge Dam; (ii) the adjacent free‐flowing Yampa River; and (iii) the partially regulated Lower Green River below their confluence. Our goal was to identify the hydrologic and climatic variables most influential to tree growth under different flow regimes. A dendrochronological analysis of 182 trees revealed a long‐term (37 years) trend of declining growth during the post‐dam period on the Upper Green, but trees on the partially regulated Lower Green maintained growth rates similar to those on the reference Yampa River. Mean annual, mean growing season, and peak annual discharges were the multicollinear flow variables most correlated to growth during both pre‐dam and post‐dam periods at all sites. Annual precipitation was also highly correlated with tree growth, but precipitation occurring during the growing season was poorly correlated with tree growth, even under full river regulation conditions. This indicates that cottonwoods rely primarily on groundwater recharged by river flows. Our results illustrate the complex and prolonged effects of flow regulation on floodplain forests, and suggest that flow regulation designed to simulate specific aspects of flow regimes, particularly peak flows, may promote the persistence of these ecosystems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal Variability in Hydrochemistry and Zooplankton Community of a Large River: A Lagrangian‐Based Approach
Authors: Bertani I. , Del Longo M. , Pecora S. , Rossetti G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe variability in water quality and zooplankton community structure during downstream transport was investigated in the Po river (Italy) using for the first time a Lagrangian sampling approach. Two surveys were conducted, one in spring under relatively high discharge levels, and one at low flows in summer. Twelve stations along a 332‐km stretch of the river's lowland reach and four major tributaries were sampled. A hydrodynamic modelling system was used to determine water transport time along the river, with a satisfying fit between simulated and observed discharge values. No clear downstream trend in phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations was found. Conversely, a marked longitudinal decrease in dissolved silica supports the hypothesis of increasing downstream silica limitation during the phytoplankton growing season.In spring, at low residence time, no apparent plankton growth was observed during downstream transport. In summer, higher temperatures and lower turbulence and turbidity associated with longer residence time stimulated algal growth and in‐stream reproduction of fast‐growing rotifer taxa, with the gradual downstream development of a truly potamal assemblage and the increase of the ratio of euplanktonic to littoral/epibenthic rotifer taxa. Crustacean zooplankton density was generally low. The importance of biotic interactions within the zooplankton in driving community abundance and composition appeared to increase in the downstream direction, paralleled by a decrease in the influence of physical forcing. Tributary influence was especially evident where severe anthropogenic alterations of river hydrology and trophic status resulted in enhanced plankton growth, ultimately affecting zooplankton structure in the main river. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Correlates of Surveillance Events Detected by National Healthcare Safety Network Pneumonia and Lower Respiratory Infection Definitions—Pennsylvania, 2011–2012
Authors: See Isaac , Chang Julia , Gualandi Nicole , Buser Genevieve L. , Rohrbach Pamela , Smeltz Debra A. , Bellush Mary Jo , Coffin Susan E. , Gould Jane M. , Hess Debra , Hennessey Patricia , Hubbard Sydney , Kiernan Andrea , O’Donnell Judith , Pegues David A. , Miller Jeffrey R. , Magill Shelley S. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVETo determine the clinical diagnoses associated with the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) pneumonia (PNEU) or lower respiratory infection (LRI) surveillance eventsDESIGNRetrospective chart reviewSETTINGA convenience sample of 8 acute-care hospitals in PennsylvaniaPATIENTSAll patients hospitalized during 2011–2012METHODSMedical records were reviewed from a random sample of patients reported to the NHSN to have PNEU or LRI, excluding adults with ventilator-associated PNEU. Documented clinical diagnoses corresponding temporally to the PNEU and LRI events were recorded.RESULTSWe reviewed 250 (30%) of 838 eligible PNEU and LRI events reported to the NHSN; 29 reported events (12%) fulfilled neither PNEU nor LRI case criteria. Differences interpreting radiology reports accounted for most misclassifications. Of 81 PNEU events in adults not on mechanical ventilation, 84% had clinician-diagnosed pneumonia; of these, 25% were attributed to aspiration. Of 43 adult LRI, 88% were in mechanically ventilated patients and 35% had no corresponding clinical diagnosis (infectious or noninfectious) documented at the time of LRI. Of 36 pediatric PNEU events, 72% were ventilator associated, and 70% corresponded to a clinical pneumonia diagnosis. Of 61 pediatric LRI patients, 84% were mechanically ventilated and 21% had no corresponding clinical diagnosis documented.CONCLUSIONSIn adults not on mechanical ventilation and in children, most NHSN-defined PNEU events corresponded with compatible clinical conditions documented in the medical record. In contrast, NHSN LRI events often did not. As a result, substantial modifications to the LRI definitions were implemented in 2015.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:818–824
Impact of an Automated Surveillance to Detect Surgical-Site Infections in Patients Undergoing Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in Brazil
Authors: Perdiz Luciana B. , Yokoe Deborah S. , Furtado Guilherme H. , Medeiros Eduardo A. S. 
Published: April 2016

In this retrospective study, we compared automated surveillance with conventional surveillance to detect surgical site infection after primary total hip or knee arthroplasty. Automated surveillance demonstrated better efficacy than routine surveillance in SSI diagnosis, sensitivity, and predictive negative value in hip and knee arthroplasty.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:991–993
Defining trigonometric functions via complex sequences
Authors: Gustavsson Jan , Sundqvist Mikael P. 
Published: April 2016

In the literature we find several different ways of introducing elementary functions. For the exponential function, we mention the following ways of characterising the exponential function:(a) (b) , also for complex values of x;(c) x → exp (x) is the unique solution to the initial value problem [4](d) x → exp (x) is the inverse of (e)x → exp (x) is the unique continuous function satisfying thefunctional equation f (x + y) = f (x) f (y) and f(0) = 1 [6]; the corresponding definition is done for the logarithm in [7];(f) Define dr for rational r, and then use a continuity/density argument [8].All of them have their advantages and disadvantages. We like (a) and (c), mostly because they have natural interpretations, (a) in the setting of compound interest and (c) being a simple model of many processes in physics and other sciences, but also because they are related to methods and ideas that are (usually) introduced rather early to the students.
Almost primes in almost all short intervals
Authors: TERÄVÄINEN JONI 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLet Ek be the set of positive integers having exactly k prime factors. We show that almost all intervals [x, x + log1+ϵx] contain E3 numbers, and almost all intervals [x,x + log3.51x] contain E2 numbers. By this we mean that there are only o(X) integers 1 ⩽ x ⩽ X for which the mentioned intervals do not contain such numbers. The result for E3 numbers is optimal up to the ϵ in the exponent. The theorem on E2 numbers improves a result of Harman, which had the exponent 7 + ϵ in place of 3.51. We also consider general Ek numbers, and find them on intervals whose lengths approach log x as k → ∞.
Kunsttherapie bei Essstörungen
Authors: Lauschke Maja , Ostermann Thomas , Schulze Constanze 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung. Kunsttherapie hat sich heute als spezifisches multimodales Angebot zur therapeutischen Behandlung von Essstörungen im klinischen Anwendungsfeld etabliert. Hier kommt sie vorwiegend im Gruppensetting zum Einsatz. Im Hinblick auf die weitere auch wissenschaftliche Anerkennung dieses Therapieverfahrens wird die stringente Verfolgung von insbesondere empirischer Forschung notwendig. Grundlegende Voraussetzung dafür ist die Erfassung des aktuellen Standes kunsttherapeutischer Literatur zur Behandlung von Essstörungen und die davon abgeleitete Formulierung des konkreten Forschungsbedarfes. Bedauerlicherweise beziehen sich die bisher vorliegenden Literaturübersichtsarbeiten auf teils sehr unterschiedliche Kategorien und Standards der Analyse, was dieses Vorhaben erheblich erschwert. Es fehlen sowohl systematische Analysen zur kunsttherapeutischen Literatur als auch die Aufarbeitung deren Qualität und Evidenz. Damit auch ältere Publikationen ihre Berücksichtigung finden können, muss eine spezielle Analysematrix entwickelt werden, die neben quantitativen Aspekten auch qualitative Analysestrategien enthält. Dieser Beitrag berichtet von den Ergebnissen einer solchen bibliometrischen Analyse, in der deutsch- und englischsprachige Literatur der Kunsttherapie bei Essstörungen (1970 – 2010) untersucht wurde. Sie versteht sich zugleich als exemplarische Analysestrategie. Innerhalb dieses Artikels liegt der Fokus auf der vergleichenden Betrachtung von Sprache und Publikationsmedium, was für eine systematische und historische Analyse bedeutsam erscheint.
A novel open-porous magnesium scaffold with controllable microstructures and properties for bone regeneration
Authors: Cheng Meng-qi , Wahafu Tuerhongjiang , Jiang Guo-feng , Liu Wei , Qiao Yu-qin , Peng Xiao-chun , Cheng Tao , Zhang Xian-long , He Guo , Liu Xuan-yong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe traditional production methods of porous magnesium scaffolds are difficult to accurately control the pore morphologies and simultaneously obtain appropriate mechanical properties. In this work, two open-porous magnesium scaffolds with different pore size but in the nearly same porosity are successfully fabricated with high-purity Mg ingots through the titanium wire space holder (TWSH) method. The porosity and pore size can be easily, precisely and individually controlled, as well as the mechanical properties also can be regulated to be within the range of human cancellous bone by changing the orientation of pores without sacrifice the requisite porous structures.In vitrocell tests indicate that the scaffolds have good cytocompatibility and osteoblastic differentiation properties.In vivofindings demonstrate that both scaffolds exhibit acceptable inflammatory responses and can be almost fully degraded and replaced by newly formed bone. More importantly, under the same porosity, the scaffolds with larger pore size can promote early vascularization and up-regulate collagen type 1 and OPN expression, leading to higher bone mass and more mature bone formation. In conclusion, a new method is introduced to develop an open-porous magnesium scaffold with controllable microstructures and mechanical properties, which has great potential clinical application for bone reconstruction in the future.
Brain-mechanistic responses to varying difficulty levels of approximate solutions to arithmetic problems
Authors: Xiang Yanhui , Jiang Yiqi , Chao Xiaomei , Wu Qihan , Mo Lei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractApproximate strategies are crucial in daily human life. The studies on the “difficulty effect” seen in approximate complex arithmetic have long been neglected. Here, we aimed to explore the brain mechanisms related to this difficulty effect in the case of complex addition, using event-related potential-based methods. Following previous path-finding studies, we used the inequality paradigm and different split sizes to induce the use of two approximate strategies for different difficulty levels. By comparing dependent variables from the medium- and large-split conditions, we anticipated being able to dissociate the effects of task difficulty based on approximate strategy in electrical components. In the fronto−central region, early P2 (150–250 ms) and an N400-like wave (250–700 ms) were significantly different between different difficulty levels. Differences in P2 correlated with the difficulty of separation of the approximate strategy from the early physical stimulus discrimination process, which is dominant before 200 ms, and differences in the putative N400 correlated with different difficulties of approximate strategy execution. Moreover, this difference may be linked to speech processing. In addition, differences were found in the fronto-central region, which may reflect the regulatory role of this part of the cortex in approximate strategy execution when solving complex arithmetic problems.
Epithelial cell migration requires the interaction between the vimentin and keratin intermediate filaments
Authors: Velez-delValle Cristina , Marsch-Moreno Meytha , Castro-Muñozledo Federico , Galván-Mendoza Ivan J. , Kuri-Harcuch Walid 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEpithelial migration plays a central role in development, wound repair and tumor metastasis, but the role of intermediate filament in this important event is unknown. We showed recently that vimentin coexists in the same cell with keratin-KRT14 at the leading edge of the migrating epidermal cells and knockdown of vimentin impaired colony growth. Here we demonstrate that vimentin co-localizes and co-immunoprecipitates with keratin-KRT14 and mutations in the -YRKLLEGEE- sequence of vimentin significantly reduced migration of the keratinocytes. Our data demonstrates that keratinocyte migration requires the interaction between vimentin and keratins at the -YRKLLEGEE- sequence at the helical 2B domain of vimentin. These findings have broad implications for understanding the roles of vimentin intermediate filaments in normal and neoplastic epithelial cells.