bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Examination of Seven Sociopolitical Factors and Their Connection with State Environmental Expenditures
Authors: Blauvelt Robert P. 
Published: January 2016

<p class="1"><span lang="EN-GB">State environmental agencies serve as first-responders during and after environmental disasters (man-made or natural), track and identify individuals and businesses that violate anti-pollution statutes, and function as scientific and data-gathering centers for policy makers. The robustness of a state environmental agency’s budget also can be a measure of a state’s environmental commitment. An understanding of the funding dynamics associated with establishing a state’s environmental agency budget is a complex political ballet with often mysterious and competing forces influencing the financial choreography. </span></p><p class="1"><span lang="EN-GB">This paper analyzes possible political and cultural influences on budgetary outcomes in an attempt to identify those common, underlying, non-econometric factors that may drive or significantly contribute to state environmental agency funding. Those described here include, for 49 states (exclusive of Hawaii) between 2000 and 2009, total state expenditures, per capita income, educational attainment, agency staffing, environmental quality as measured through impaired waters, citizen ideology, and state agency performance. A Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient is used to compare state environmental expenditures to these seven data sets. </span></p><p class="1"><span lang="EN-GB">Those states showing the biggest change (positive or negative) in annual environmental agency budgets also have the strongest correlation (positive or negative) with the total number of independent variables. This relationship implies that changes to sociopolitical factors may sway or have an influence on state environmental agency funding. As the number of correlations increase, their effect on agency funding may become more pronounced. This suggests a “critical mass” type relationship. Alternatively, as more sociopolitical factors combine to compel either increases or decreases in environmental agency funding, legislative priorities might be re-organized to accommodate that pressure with funding levels adjusted accordingly. The confluence of these special interests, either positively or negatively, may force environmental agency funding levels to overcome or shed local suppressive or masking effects (political scandals, policy distractions, etc.) to more closely reflect constituent demands and concerns. </span></p>
Mitigating Effects of Climate Change and Deforestation on Bees With Respect to Their Ecology and Biology
Authors: Mustafa Musiliyu Oladipupo , Adeoye Olubusola Temitope , Abdulalzeez Folorunso Ishaq , Akinyemi Olukayode Dare 
Published: January 2016

<p>Deforestation occurs around the world; though tropical rainforests are particularly targeted, it is considered to be one of the contributing factors to global climate change. While Nigeria is probably best known today for its oil deposits, according to the World Resources Institute, Nigeria is home to 4,715 different types of plant species, and over 550 species of breeding birds and mammals, making it one of the most ecologically vibrant places of the planet. It is also one of the most populous country with appalling deforestation record. This situation is hence making our ecosystems, biodiversity, agriculture and other natural endowments highly unsecured. The Forest provides excellent resources for bees and beekeeping, and bees are a vital part of forest ecosystems. Bees are essential for sustaining our environment because they</p><p>Pollinate flowering plants and conserves biological biodiversity along with their products (honey, propolis, bee wax, royal jelly and bee venom) which are beneficial to man. Conservation of the forest is therefore imperative for sustainable beekeeping. The study reviews the different causes of climate change and how they affect different natural forest activities which are weather-dependent. Also how climate change and other causes (both natural and man-made) lead to deforestation, which in turn distort sustainable honey production in Nigeria. Different sustainable measures hoped to alleviate the effects of climate change and deforestation where also discussed. </p>
Sources and Uses of Fuel for Fish Smoking Around the Lake Chad in Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: I. Yerima , Ngulde Y. M. 
Published: January 2016

<p>Fuel around the rural fishing community of the Lake Chad in Borno state is scarce and expensive. Where it is available it is at a distance of 120km therefore alternative and strategy must be developed to provide fuel to the fishing community to preserve the large volume of fish landed around the Lake Chad. A visit was made to the lake shores to identify the various types of materials in use by the processors as fuel and analysis of the fuel types were made, especially moisture content being the most important factor in determining the energy value of a fuel. The fuel types were compared to the type and quantity of fish landed daily. The analysis of variance between paired fuel types was found to be significant at 1% with low coefficient of variation. In this study Eucalyptus camaldulenis and Acacia senegal were found to have the least moisture content and available to processors. Rice hull which has a 0.001% surface moisture content was not known to the processors as biofuel. Which we hope to introduced at the end of the research. The use of cowdung was always minimized due to its social ills. </p>
Parallel, multi frequency EIT measurement, suitable for recording impedance changes during epilepsy
Authors: Dowrick T. , Santos G. Sato Dos , Vongerichten A. , Holder D. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) has been proposed as a method for imaging and localising epileptic activity in the brain. No existing EIT system meets all of the requirements for effective imaging of epilepsy. A parallel EIT system, employing frequency division multiplexing, is described, which is optimised for measuring impedance changes during epilepsy. The system is capable of imaging short duration, spontaneous events in a saline filled tank, using as little as 1ms of recorded data. In-vivo impedance measurements recorded during epilepsy in a rat model are presented.
Lukáš Linek a Pat Lyons: Dočasná stabilita? Volební podpora politických stran v České republice v letech 1990-2010
Authors: Ryšavý Dan 
Published: January 2016

Praha: Sociologické nakladatelství a Sociologický ústav AV ČR, v.v.i., 2015. 222 s., ISBN 978-80-7419-160-2
Real‐time Recordings of Migrating Cortical Neurons from GFP and Cre Recombinase Expressing Mice
Authors: Tielens Sylvia , Godin Juliette D. , Nguyen Laurent 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe cerebral cortex is one of the most intricate regions of the brain that requires elaborate cell migration patterns for its development. Experimental observations show that projection neurons migrate radially within the cortical wall, whereas interneurons migrate along multiple tangential paths to reach the developing cortex. Tight regulation of the cell migration processes ensures proper positioning and functional integration of neurons to specific cerebral cortical circuits. Disruption of neuronal migration often leads to cortical dysfunction and/or malformation associated with neurological disorders. Unveiling the molecular control of neuron migration is thus fundamental to understanding the physiological or pathological development of the cerebral cortex. In this unit, protocols allowing detailed analysis of patterns of migration of both interneurons and projection neurons under different experimental conditions (i.e., loss or gain of function) are presented. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Single‐Cell Genome and Transcriptome Sequencing Library Construction Using Combination of MDA and Nextera Library Prep Method
Authors: Andreou Ioanna , Korfhage Christian , Fang Nan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSingle‐cell analysis gives insights into the heterogeneity of neighboring cells within tissues or within cell populations and is increasing in importance in life science and medicine. Genome and transcriptome sequencing require orders of magnitude of more starting material than what is found in an individual cell. Handling such small quantities means that degradation, sample loss, and contamination can have a pronounced effect on sequence quality and robustness. Recent technical advances in amplification have helped mitigate these challenges. Single‐cell sequencing addresses studies of rare cell types, heterogeneous samples, phenotypes associated with mosaicism or variability, and microbes that cannot be cultured. Single‐cell sequencing can enable the discovery of clonal mutations, cryptic cell types, or transcriptional features that would be diluted or averaged out in bulk tissue. This unit describes the entire workflow from cells to next‐generation sequencing (NGS), including cell lysis, MDA‐based whole‐genome and whole‐transcriptome amplification, and NGS library preparation. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Single‐Molecule mRNA Detection in Live Yeast
Authors: Lenstra Tineke L. , Larson Daniel R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractVisualization of single RNA molecules in living cells has enabled the study of synthesis, movement, and localization of mRNAs and has provided insight into gene regulation with sub‐second temporal resolution and nanometer spatial resolution. Studies of transcription in single cells indicate that gene activity is heterogeneous between cells and exhibits random variability over time, even within single cells. Studies of mRNAs in yeast can take advantage of the powerful genetics available in this model organism and allow mechanistic questions to be addressed. In this unit, we describe an approach for visualizing mRNA and transcription in live yeast cells. The method is based on binding of fluorescently labeled MS2 and PP7 coat proteins to stem loop sequences that are introduced into the gene of interest. Detailed protocols are provided for the construction of the necessary yeast strains, for image acquisition, and for validation. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sensitivity of UVER enhancement to broken liquid water clouds: A Monte Carlo approach
Authors: Núñez M. , Marín M. J. , Serrano D. , Utrillas M. P. , Fienberg K. , Martínez‐Lozano J. A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe study uses a Monte Carlo radiative transfer model to examine the sensitivity of the UV erythemal radiation (UVER) enhancement to broken liquid water clouds of the cumulus and stratocumulus type. The model uses monochromatic radiation at 310 nm corresponding approximately to the peak of the product between irradiance and the erythemal curve. All scattering, absorption, extinction coefficients, and spectral albedos are tuned to this wavelength. In order of importance, fractional cloud cover, the area of individual cloud patches, and cloud thickness exert a strong influence on the enhancement, with smaller contributions from cloud optical depth, cloud base height, and solar zenith angle. In order to produce realistic enhancements for our study area located in the Valencia region of Spain (39°30′N, 0°25′W), measurements were obtained from a Landsat image of the region in combination with a spectral Fourier transform model. The Monte Carlo model, as applied to the Fourier transform cloud distribution, produced satisfactory results compared to 1 year of measured UVER enhancement for the study region provided that fractional cloud cover was equal to or greater than 3/10. At smaller cloud fractions, the neglect of cloud patches less than 50 m × 50 m in area by the model created significant discrepancies.
Analysis of lightning electromagnetic field propagation in mountainous terrain and its effects on ToA‐based lightning location systems
Authors: Li Dongshuai , Azadifar Mohammad , Rachidi Farhad , Rubinstein Marcos , Diendorfer Gerhard , Sheshyekani Keyhan , Zhang Qilin , Wang Zhenhui 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the propagation effects on lightning‐radiated electromagnetic fields over mountainous terrain by using a three‐dimensional (3‐D) finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. We also discuss the time delay error in the time‐of‐arrival (ToA) technique currently used to locate lightning in detection networks, specifically. Furthermore, the accuracy of different approximate methods presented in the literature is discussed and tested by using our 3‐D FDTD method. It is found that (1) the time delays and amplitudes of the lightning‐radiated electromagnetic fields can be significantly affected by the presence of a mountainous terrain and associated diffraction phenomena; (2) for a finitely conducting ground, the time delay shows a slight increase with the increase of the observation distance, but the time delay resulting from the finite ground conductivity appears to be smaller than that caused by the mountainous terrain; and (3) the timing error associated with the ToA technique depends on the threshold times. Threshold times of 10% and 20% of the peak provide very similar results compared to those corresponding to the peak of the first derivative of the magnetic field, and the threshold time exceeds 50% of the initial rising amplitude of the signal. Furthermore, we have assessed the accuracy of two simplified methods (terrain‐envelope method and tight‐terrain fit method) to account for the time delays resulting from the propagation in a mountainous terrain. It is found that both methods result in time delays that are in reasonable agreement but always overestimating the results obtained using the full‐wave 3‐D FDTD approach for the perfectly conducting ground. These two methods represent interesting alternatives to account for the time delay over a nonflat terrain using the terrain model.
GNSS tropospheric gradients with high temporal resolution and their effect on precise positioning
Authors: Lu Cuixian , Li Xingxing , Li Zhenhong , Heinkelmann Robert , Nilsson Tobias , Dick Galina , Ge Maorong , Schuh Harald 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe tropospheric horizontal gradients with high spatiotemporal resolutions provide important information to describe the azimuthally asymmetric delays and significantly increase the ability of ground‐based GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) within the field of meteorological studies, like the nowcasting of severe rainfall events. The recent rapid development of multi‐GNSS constellations has potential to provide such high‐resolution gradients with a significant degree of accuracy. In this study, we develop a multi‐GNSS process for the precise retrieval of high‐resolution tropospheric gradients. The tropospheric gradients with different temporal resolutions, retrieved from both single‐system and multi‐GNSS solutions, are validated using independent numerical weather models (NWM) data and water vapor radiometer (WVR) observations. The benefits of multi‐GNSS processing for the retrieval of tropospheric gradients, as well as for the improvement of precise positioning, are demonstrated. The multi‐GNSS high‐resolution gradients agree well with those derived from the NWM and WVR, especially for the fast‐changing peaks, which are mostly associated with synoptic fronts. The multi‐GNSS gradients behave in a much more stable manner than the single‐system estimates, especially in cases of high temporal resolution, benefiting from the increased number of observed satellites and improved observation geometry. The high‐resolution multi‐GNSS gradients show higher correlation with the NWM and WVR gradients than the low‐resolution gradients. Furthermore, the precision of station positions can also be noticeably improved by multi‐GNSS fusion, and enhanced results can be achieved if the high‐resolution gradient estimation is performed, instead of the commonly used daily gradient estimation in the multi‐GNSS data processing.
Economic consequences of workplace injuries in the United States: Findings from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79)
Authors: Dong Xiuwen Sue , Wang Xuanwen , Largay Julie A. , Sokas Rosemary 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThis study explored economic consequences of work‐related injuries using a longitudinal data source.MethodsData were from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 cohort (n = 12,686). Short‐term consequences were measured when the injury was reported. “Difference‐in‐differences” approach was applied to estimate income and wealth disparities between injured and non‐injured workers before and after injury. Fixed effects models were used to identify variations over time.ResultsThe annual earnings growth was $3,715 (in 2000 dollars) less for workers with DAFW injury and $1,152 less for workers with NDAFW injury compared to non‐injured workers during a 10‐year follow‐up. Lost wages and disability following injury contributed to income loss for injured workers, but the loss was moderated by union membership. After controlling for confounders, income disparities persisted, but family wealth differences did not.ConclusionsOccupational injuries exacerbate income inequality. Efforts to reduce such disparities should include workplace safety and health enforcement. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:106–118, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamische Eigenschaften von Beton im Experiment und in der Simulation
Authors: Kühn Tino , Steinke Christian , Sile Zanda , Zreid Imadeddin , Kaliske Michael , Curbach Manfred 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBeton verhält sich unter dynamischer Belastung anders als unter statischer Belastung. Als wesentliche stoffliche Ursache hierfür werden üblicherweise innere Transporteffekte bei niedrigen Dehnraten bis ca. ϵ = 1/s angenommen. Bei höheren Dehnraten bis ca. ϵ = 300/s werden vermutlich Trägheitseffekte bei der Bildung von Rissen maßgebend. Die messtechnische Erfassung dieser Effekte und die klare Trennung von stofflichen und strukturellen Phänomenen sind Gegenstand aktueller Forschung. Eine Möglichkeit, das Verhalten von Beton bei höheren Belastungsgeschwindigkeiten zu untersuchen, bietet der Split‐Hopkinson‐Pressure‐Bar‐Versuch (SHPB‐Versuch).Nachfolgend werden Versuche für einen Normalbeton C35/45 mit Belastungen im quasi‐statischen Bereich bis hin zu Lasten, die Dehnraten von bis zu ϵ = 211/s erzeugen, vorgestellt, ausgewertet und durch Simulationen abgebildet. In der Simulation wird ein Materialmodell verwendet, das auf einem um eine nicht‐lokale Formulierung der Plastizität erweiterten Modell der Mikroebenen basiert. Zusätzlich wird die Massenträgheit der Struktur berücksichtigt. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass die experimentell ermittelte höhere Beanspruchbarkeit des Betons bei gesteigerten Dehnraten numerisch abgebildet werden kann.Dynamic properties of concrete in experiment and simulationConcrete subjected to dynamic loads behaves differently compared to static loading. As an explanation at low strain rates up to ϵ = /s, internal transport effects are assumed to be originated in the material. At higher strain rates up to ϵ = 300/s, inertial effects during the formation of cracks are postulated. The experimental identification of these phenomena and the definite separation of their substantial and structural sources are subject to current research. The split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment enables the investigation of the behaviour of concrete subjected to dynamic loading.In the following, experiments in the range of quasi‐static loading up to loads that induce strain rates until ϵ = 211/s on a standard concrete C35/45 grade are presented, evaluated and simulated. In the simulation, a material model is applied that bases on the micro‐plane model extended by a non‐local formulation of plasticity. Furthermore, structural inertia effects are taken into account. It is shown that the experimentally found increase in strength of the concrete at higher strain rates can be modelled by the simulation.
Erläuterungen zur Änderung des deutschen Nationalen Anhangs zu Eurocode 2 (DIN EN 1992‐1‐1/NA/A1:2015‐12)
Authors: Fingerloos Frank , Hegger Josef 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIm Dezember 2015 ist eine A1‐Änderung [1] zum deutschen Nationalen Anhang [2] des Teils 1‐1 von Eurocode 2 [3] veröffentlicht worden. Die Änderung betrifft die zwei Themen Dauerhaftigkeit von tausalzbeanspruchten Verkehrsflächen (insbesondere Parkdecks) und Ansatz der wirksamen Betonzugfestigkeit bei der Ermittlung der Mindestbewehrung zur Begrenzung der Rissbreite bei früher Rissbildung. Beiden Sachverhalten ist eine mehrjährige Diskussion in Fachkreisen vorausgegangen. Der Beitrag soll die Hintergründe der Änderungen und deren Folgen für die Praxis erläutern.Explanations of amendment of the German National Annex to Eurocode 2An A1‐Amendment [1] of the German National Annex [2] of Eurocode 2, Part 1‐1 [3] has been published in December 2015. The amendment affects the two topics durability of traffic areas under chloride exposure (especially parking levels) and assumption of the effective concrete tensile strength at calculation of the minimum reinforcement for crack control due to early cracking. According these two topics a multiannual discussion in expert forums was foregone. This paper should explain the background of the changes and the consequences for the practice.
Maintaining a viable vascular access for hemodialysis in an elderly person with diabetes: a journey to live, not just to stay alive
Authors: Cowan Debi , Smith Lindsay , Chow Josephine 
Published: January 2016

Key Clinical MessageThe longevity of a successful vascular access (VA) is enhanced when the care of the patient's VA is the responsibility of everyone involved, including the patient and their family. A family nursing perspective enhances VA care outcomes and increases quality of life and well‐being for patients requiring hemodialysis.
Preparation of a New Chiral Stationary Phase Based on Macrocyclic Amide Chiral Selector for the Liquid Chromatographic Chiral Separations
Authors: Sung Ji Yeong , Choi Seung Hyuck , Hyun Myung Ho 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA new chiral stationary phase (CSP) based on macrocyclic amide receptor was prepared starting from (1R,2R)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine. The new CSP was successfully applied to the resolution of various N‐(substituted benzoyl)‐α‐amino amides with reasonably good separation factors and resolutions (α = 1.75 ~ 2.97 and RS = 2.89 ~ 6.82 for 16 analytes). The new CSP was also applied to the resolution of 3‐substituted 1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones and some diuretic chiral drugs including bendroflumethiazide and methylchlothiazide and metolazone. The resolution results for 3‐substituted 1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones and some diuretic chiral drugs were also reasonably good. Chirality 28:253–258, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sound insulation in residential building – the latest state of standardisation / Schallschutz für den Wohnungsbau – letzter Status der Normung
Authors: Vogel Albert , Kornadt Oliver 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA new draft of a complete standard series DIN 4109 “Sound insulation in buildings” with four parts – “Requirements”, “Verification of compliance with the requirements by calculation”, “Building elements catalogue” and “Guidance for testing acoustics in buildings” was published in 2013. These include significant changes regarding sound protection in line with qualities that have been regularly determined in monitored buildings with standardised construction methods. It includes a few more stringent requirements for airborne and impact sound insulation compared with DIN 410 9:1989. Another significant alteration is the new Part 4 “Guidance for testing acoustics in buildings”. This delivers a detailed practical description of how the sound reduction or the level of impact sound can be measured. Part 4 also provides assistance to the user with the measurement of airborne sound in the lower frequency range. This article also investigates how it can be advantageous to consider a greater range of frequency for the evaluation of sound insulation.