bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access to a main alphaherpesvirus receptor, located basolaterally in the respiratory epithelium, is masked by intercellular junctions
Authors: Van Cleemput Jolien , Poelaert Katrien C. K. , Laval Kathlyn , Maes Roger , Hussey Gisela S. , Van den Broeck Wim , Nauwynck Hans J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe respiratory epithelium of humans and animals is frequently exposed to alphaherpesviruses, originating from either external exposure or reactivation from latency. To date, the polarity of alphaherpesvirus infection in the respiratory epithelium and the role of respiratory epithelial integrity herein has not been studied. Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV1), a well-known member of the alphaherpesvirus family, was used to infect equine respiratory mucosal explants and primary equine respiratory epithelial cells (EREC), grown at the air-liquid interface. EHV1 binding to and infection of mucosal explants was greatly enhanced upon destruction of the respiratory epithelium integrity with EGTA or N-acetylcysteine. EHV1 preferentially bound to and entered EREC at basolateral cell surfaces. Restriction of infection via apical inoculation was overcome by disruption of intercellular junctions. Finally, basolateral but not apical EHV1 infection of EREC was dependent on cellular N-linked glycans. Overall, our findings demonstrate that integrity of the respiratory epithelium is crucial in the host’s innate defence against primary alphaherpesvirus infections. In addition, by targeting a basolaterally located receptor in the respiratory epithelium, alphaherpesviruses have generated a strategy to efficiently escape from host defence mechanisms during reactivation from latency.
A combined experimental and theoretical investigation on cellular blebbing
Authors: Fang Chao , Hui T. H. , Wei X. , Shao X. , Lin Yuan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough accumulating evidence has demonstrated the important role of membrane blebbing in various cellular processes, the fundamental question of how the initiation/evolution of blebs are influenced by physical factors like membrane-cortex interactions and intracellular pressure remains unclear. Here, we report a combined modeling and experimental study to address this outstanding issue. Specifically, boundary integral method was used to track the motion of membrane (in 3D) during blebbing while possible rupture of the bilayer-cortex adhesion has also been taken into account. We showed that, for a given differential pressure across the cell membrane, the size of the weakened cortex must be over a critical value for blebbing to occur and the steady-state volume of a bleb is proportional to its initial growth rate, all in good agreement with recent experiments. The predicted shape evolution of blebs also matches well with our observations. Finally, a blebbing map, summarizing the essential physics involved, was obtained which exhibits three distinct regimes: no bleb formation corresponding to a low intracellular pressure or a small weakened cortex region; bleb formed with a fixed width when the disrupted cortex zone is very large; and a growing bleb resulted from progressive membrane-cortex detachment under intermediate weakened cortex size.
Direct conversion of human fibroblasts into hepatocyte-like cells by ATF5, PROX1, FOXA2, FOXA3, and HNF4A transduction
Authors: Nakamori Daiki , Akamine Hiroki , Takayama Kazuo , Sakurai Fuminori , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecently, it has been reported that human hepatocyte-like cells can be generated from fibroblasts by direct reprogramming technology. However, the conversion efficiency of human induced hepatocyte-like cells (hiHeps) is not high enough. In addition, comparative analysis with the existing models of hepatocytes, such as human iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells and primary human hepatocytes, has not been sufficiently carried out. In this study, we screened hepatic transcription factors for efficient direct hepatic reprogramming and compared hepatic functions between hiHeps and other existing hepatocyte models. We found that human fibroblasts were efficiently converted into hiHeps by using a combination of ATF5, PROX1, FOXA2, FOXA3, and HNF4A (albumin+/alpha-1 antitrypsin+ cells = 27%, asialoglycoprotein receptor 1+ cells = 22%). The CYP expression levels and CYP activities in hiHeps were higher than those in human iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells, but lower than those in short-term (4 hr) cultured primary human hepatocytes and primary human hepatocytes collected immediately after thawing. These results suggested that functional hiHeps could be efficiently generated by ATF5, PROX1, FOXA2, FOXA3, and HNF4A transduction. We believe that hiHeps generated by our method will be useful for the drug-discovery activities such as hepatotoxicity screening and drug metabolism tests.
Prevalence of mutations linked to antimalarial resistance in Plasmodium falciparum from Chhattisgarh, Central India: A malaria elimination point of view
Authors: Patel Priyanka , Bharti Praveen K. , Bansal Devendra , Ali Nazia A. , Raman Rajive K. , Mohapatra Pradyumna K. , Sehgal Rakesh , Mahanta Jagadish , Sultan Ali A. , Singh Neeru 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAntimalarial drug resistance is a major global challenge in malaria control and elimination. Mutations in six different genes ofPlasmodium falciparum(crt,mdr1,dhfr,dhps, ATPase6andK-13propeller) that confer resistance to chloroquine, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and artemisinin-based combination therapy were analyzed in samples from Chhattisgarh. Seventy-eight percent of the samples were found to have apfcrtmutation (53% double, 24% triple and 1% single mutant), and 59% ofpfmdr1genes were found to have an N86Y mutation. Double mutations were recorded inpfdhfrgene among 76% of the samples while only 6% of the samples harbored mutant genotypes inpfdhps. No mutation was found in theK-13 propellergene, while only one sample showed a mutant genotype for thePfATPase6gene. The Tajima test confirmed that there is no role of evolutionary natural selection in drug resistance, and gene pairwise linkage of disequilibrium showed significant intragenic association. The high level ofpfcrtmutations suggests that parasite resistance to chloroquine is almost at a fixed level, whereas resistance to SP is evolving in the population and parasites remain sensitive to artemisinin derivatives. These findings provide potential information and understanding of the evolution and spread of different drug resistance alleles in Chhattisgarh.
Affective emotion increases heart rate variability and activates left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in post-traumatic growth
Authors: Wei Chuguang , Han Jin , Zhang Yuqing , Hannak Walter , Dai Yanyan , Liu Zhengkui 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe present study evaluated the activities of heart rate variability (HRV) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in response to the presentation of affective pictures correlated with posttraumatic growth (PTG) among adults exposed to the Tianjin explosion incident. The participants who were directly involved in the Tianjin explosions were divided into control, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTG group according to the scores of PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version and PTG Inventory survey. All participants received exposure to affective images. Electrocardiogram recording took place during the process for the purpose of analyzing HRV. Meanwhile, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure DLPFC activity through hemodynamic response. Our results indicated that, while performing the negative and positive picture stimulating, PTG increased both in low and high frequency components of HRV compared with the control group, but PTSD was not observed in this phenomenon. Moreover, the fNIRS data revealed that PTG had an increased activation in the left DLPFC compared to the control in the condition of negative pictures stimulating, wheras PTSD showed a higher activation in the right DLPFC while receiving positive pictures stimulating. To our knowledge, this is the first study which provides the differences between PTSD and PTG in emotional regulation.
Habitat-dependent changes in vigilance behaviour of Red-crowned Crane influenced by wildlife tourism
Authors: Li Donglai , Liu Yu , Sun Xinghai , Lloyd Huw , Zhu Shuyu , Zhang Shuyan , Wan Dongmei , Zhang Zhengwang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Endangered Red-crowned Crane (Grus japonensis) is one of the most culturally iconic and sought-after species by wildlife tourists. Here we investigate how the presence of tourists influence the vigilance behaviour of cranes foraging in Suaeda salsa salt marshes and S. salsa/Phragmites australis mosaic habitat in the Yellow River Delta, China. We found that both the frequency and duration of crane vigilance significantly increased in the presence of wildlife tourists. Increased frequency in crane vigilance only occurred in the much taller S. salsa/P. australis mosaic vegetation whereas the duration of vigilance showed no significant difference between the two habitats. Crane vigilance declined with increasing distance from wildlife tourists in the two habitats, with a minimum distance of disturbance triggering a high degree of vigilance by cranes identified at 300 m. The presence of wildlife tourists may represent a form of disturbance to foraging cranes but is habitat dependent. Taller P. australis vegetation serves primarily as a visual obstruction for cranes, causing them to increase the frequency of vigilance behaviour. Our findings have important implications for the conservation of the migratory red-crowned crane population that winters in the Yellow River Delta and can help inform visitor management.
Spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy of defects, strains, and strain fluctuations in domain structures of monolayer graphene
Authors: Lee Taegeon , Mas’ud Felisita A , Kim Myung Jong , Rho Heesuk 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe report spatially resolved Raman scattering results of polycrystalline monolayer graphene films to study the effects of defects, strains, and strain fluctuations on the electrical performance of graphene. Two-dimensional Raman images of the integrated intensities of the G and D peaks (IG and ID) were used to identify the graphene domain boundaries. The domain boundaries were also identified using Raman images of ID/IG and I2D/IG ratios and 2D spectral widths. Interestingly, the ID maps showed that the defects within individual domains significantly increased for the graphene with large domain size. The correlation analysis between the G and 2D peak energies showed that biaxial tensile strain was more developed in the graphene with large domain size than in the graphene with small domain size. Furthermore, spatial variations in the spectral widths of the 2D peaks over the graphene layer showed that strain fluctuations were more pronounced in the graphene with large domain size. It was observed that the mobility (sheet resistance) was decreased (increased) for the graphene with large domain size. The degradation of the electrical transport properties of the graphene with large domain size is mainly due to the defects, tensile strains, and local strain fluctuations within the individual domains.
Transient experimental demonstration of an elliptical thermal camouflage device
Authors: He Xiao , Yang Tianzhi , Zhang Xingwei , Wu Linzhi , He Xiao Qiao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe camouflage phenomenon (invisibility or illusion) of thermodynamics has attracted great attentions and many experimental demonstrations have been achieved by virtue of simplified approaches or the scattering cancellation. However, all of the experiments conducted are limited in the invisibility of spheres or two-dimensional (2D) cylinders. An ellipsoid camouflage device with a homogenous and isotropic shell is firstly reported based on the idea of the neutral inclusion and a 2D elliptical thermal camouflage device is realized by a thin-layer cloak of homogeneous isotropic material firstly. The robustness of this scheme is validated in both 2D and 3D configurations. The current work may provide a new avenue to the control of the thermal signatures and we believe this work will broaden the current research and pave a new path to the control of the path of the heat transfer.
Combining low- to high-resolution transit spectroscopy of HD 189733b
Authors: Pino Lorenzo , Ehrenreich David , Wyttenbach Aurélien , Bourrier Vincent , Nascimbeni Valerio , Heng Kevin , Grimm Simon , Lovis Christophe , Malik Matej , Pepe Francesco , Piotto Giampaolo 
Published: November 2017

Space-borne low- to medium-resolution (ℛ ~ 102–103) and ground-based high-resolution spectrographs (ℛ ~ 105) are commonly used to obtain optical and near infrared transmission spectra of exoplanetary atmospheres. In this wavelength range, space-borne observations detect the broadest spectral features (alkali doublets, molecular bands, scattering, etc.), while high-resolution, ground-based observations probe the sharpest features (cores of the alkali lines, molecular lines). The two techniques differ by several aspects. (1) The line spread function of ground-based observations is ~103 times narrower than for space-borne observations; (2) Space-borne transmission spectra probe up to the base of thermosphere (P ≳ 10−6 bar), while ground-based observations can reach lower pressures (down to ~10−11 bar) thanks to their high resolution; (3) Space-borne observations directly yield the transit depth of the planet, while ground-based observations can only measure differences in the apparent size of the planet at different wavelengths. These differences make it challenging to combine both techniques. Here, we develop a robust method to compare theoretical models with observations at different resolutions. We introduce πη, a line-by-line 1D radiative transfer code to compute theoretical transmission spectra over a broad wavelength range at very high resolution (ℛ ~ 106, or Δλ ~ 0.01 Å). An hybrid forward modeling/retrieval optimization scheme is devised to deal with the large computational resources required by modeling a broad wavelength range ~0.3–2 μm at high resolution. We apply our technique to HD 189733b. In this planet, HST observations reveal a flattened spectrum due to scattering by aerosols, while high-resolution ground-based HARPS observations reveal sharp features corresponding to the cores of sodium lines. We reconcile these apparent contrasting results by building models that reproduce simultaneously both data sets, from the troposphere to the thermosphere. We confirm: (1) the presence of scattering by tropospheric aerosols; (2) that the sodium core feature is of thermospheric origin. When we take into account the presence of aerosols, the large contrast of the core of the sodium lines measured by HARPS indicates a temperature of up to ~10 000K in the thermosphere, higher than what reported in the literature. We also show that the precise value of the thermospheric temperature is degenerate with the relative optical depth of sodium, controlled by its abundance, and of the aerosol deck.
Broadband study of blazar 1ES 1959+650 during flaring state in 2016
Authors: Patel S. R. , Shukla A. , Chitnis V. R. , Dorner D. , Mannheim K. , Acharya B. S. , Nagare B. J. 
Published: November 2017

Aims. The nearby TeV blazar 1ES 1959+650 (z = 0.047) was reported to be in flaring state during June–July 2016 by Fermi-LAT, FACT, MAGIC and VERITAS collaborations. We studied the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in different states of the flare during MJD 57530–57589 using simultaneous multiwaveband data with the aim of understanding the possible broadband emission scenario during the flare.
Methods. The UV-optical and X-ray data from UVOT and XRT respectively on board Swift and high energy γ-ray data from Fermi-LAT were used to generate multiwaveband lightcurves as well as to obtain high flux states and quiescent state SEDs. The correlation and lag between different energy bands was quantified using discrete correlation function. The synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model was used to reproduce the observed SEDs during flaring and quiescent states of the source.
Results. A good correlation is seen between X-ray and high energy γ-ray fluxes. The spectral hardening with increase in the flux is seen in X-ray band. The power law index vs. flux plot in γ-ray band indicates the different emission regions for 0.1–3 GeV and 3–300 GeV energy photons. Two zone SSC model satisfactorily fits the observed broadband SEDs. The inner zone is mainly responsible for producing synchrotron peak and high energy γ-ray part of the SED in all states. The second zone is mainly required to produce less variable optical-UV and low energy γ-ray emission.
Conclusions. Conventional single zone SSC model does not satisfactorily explain broadband emission during observation period considered. There is an indication of two emission zones in the jet which are responsible for producing broadband emission from optical to high energy γ-rays.
GALACTICNUCLEUS: A high angular resolutionJHKsimaging survey of the Galactic centre
Authors: Nogueras-Lara F. , Gallego-Calvente A. T. , Dong H. , Gallego-Cano E. , Girard J. H. V. , Hilker M. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Feldmeier-Krause A. , Nishiyama S. , Najarro F. , Neumayer N. , Schödel R. 
Published: November 2017

Context.The Galactic centre (GC) is of fundamental astrophysical interest, but existing near-infrared surveys fall short covering it adequately, either in terms of angular resolution, multi-wavelength coverage, or both. Here we introduce the GALACTICNUCLEUS survey, aJHKsimaging survey of the centre of the Milky Way with a 0.2″ angular resolution.Aims.The purpose of this paper is to present the observations of Field 1 of our survey, centred approximately on SgrA* with an approximate size of 7.95′ × 3.43′. We describe the observational set-up and data reduction pipeline and discuss the quality of the data. Finally, we present the analysis of the data.Methods.The data were acquired with the near-infrared camera High Acuity Wide field K-band Imager (HAWK-I) at the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT). Short readout times in combination with the speckle holography algorithm allowed us to produce final images with a stable, Gaussian PSF (point spread function) of 0.2″ FWHM (full width at half maximum). Astrometric calibration is achieved via the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) survey and photometric calibration is based on the SIRIUS/Infrared Survey Facility telescope (IRSF) survey. The quality of the data is assessed by comparison between observations of the same field with different detectors of HAWK-I and at different times.Results.We reach 5σdetection limits of approximatelyJ= 22,H= 21, andKs= 20. The photometric uncertainties are less than 0.05 atJ≲ 20,H≲ 17, andKs≲ 16. We can distinguish five stellar populations in the colour-magnitude diagrams; three of them appear to belong to foreground spiral arms, and the other two correspond to high- and low-extinction star groups at the GC. We use our data to analyse the near-infrared extinction curve and find some evidence for a possible difference between the extinction index betweenJ−HandH−Ks. However, we conclude that it can be described very well by a power law with an index ofαJHKs= 2.30 ± 0.08. We do not find any evidence that this index depends on the position along the line of sight, or on the absolute value of the extinction. We produce extinction maps that show the clumpiness of the ISM (interstellar medium) at the GC. Finally, we estimate that the majority of the stars have solar or super-solar metallicity by comparing our extinction-corrected colour-magnitude diagrams with isochrones with different metallicities and a synthetic stellar model with a constant star formation.
Local and Lower Limb Complications during and after Femoral Cannulation for Extracorporeal Life Support
Authors: Kreibich Maximilian , Benk Christoph , Leitner Sophie , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Morlock Julia , Scherer Christian , Rylski Bartosz , Trummer Georg 
Published: November 2017

Objective The extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) system is a lifesaving option for patients in pulmonary and/or cardiac failure. We reviewed our data on local complications in the leg and groin during and after ECLS explantation.
Methods Patients were included when an ECLS was cannulated in the groin and the ECLS was successfully weaned and explanted. Data were collected retrospectively in patients from January 2013 to January 2016.
Results In this study, 90 patients were included; 39 (43%) ECLS were implanted with surgical cut down and 51 (57%) ECLS were implanted percutaneously. Most patients needed ECLS support following cardiac surgery: cut down: 25 (64%) versus percutaneous: 28 (55%) (p = 0.40). A distal leg perfusion cannula was implanted simultaneously in 61 (68%) patients (cut down: 25 [64%] vs. percutaneous: 36 [71%], p = 0.36). Distal leg ischemia was diagnosed in a total of 10 (11%) patients (cut down: 2 [5%] vs. percutaneous: 8 [16%], p = 0.18). Of those 10 patients, 5 patients had leg ischemia despite a distal leg perfusion cannula in place (cut down: 1 [3%] vs. percutaneous: 4 [8%], p = 0.38). Revascularization was successfully achieved in all patients and no amputations had to be performed. Similar rates of wound healing disorders were observed in both groups: cut down: 11 (28%) versus percutaneous: 10 (20%) patients (p = 0.45).
Conclusion Surgical and percutaneous implantation and explantation of ECLS are safe and feasible with comparable complication rates, including wound healing disorders. We recommend that a lower limb perfusion cannula should be placed to prevent leg ischemia. Surgical cut-down placement of the distal leg perfusion cannula may reduce the incidence of distal leg ischemia compared with percutaneous distal leg cannula implantation. Correct placement of the cannula should be controlled.
Complications of Implanted Nonbiologic Devices—An Overview
Authors: Kwaan Hau 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnder physiologic conditions, blood is contained within the vascular space lined with smooth endothelial cells. When various devices made of nonbiologic material are implanted, blood will be exposed to a foreign surface. A series of events ensue and may lead to many complications, including thrombosis, hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, bleeding, infection, and malfunction of the device. The incidence, manifestations, and special characteristics of these complications vary with different types of implanted devices. However, they have in common an important pathogenic pathway that of an exposure to a foreign surface. Despite the development of improved versions of these devices, more research on the causative factors of these complications is needed to take preventive and corrective measures, particularly those that enhance the process of healing by re-endothelialization of the foreign surface. This article is a brief review of the complications encountered in blood-contacting devices.