bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed Modeling of Yield Components and Brown Rust Resistance in Sugarcane Families
Authors: Balsalobre Thiago W. A. , Mancini Melina C. , Pereira Guilherme da S. , Anoni Carina O. , Barreto Fernanda Z. , Hoffmann Hermann P. , de Souza Anete P. , Garcia Antonio A. F. , Carneiro Monalisa S. 
Published: July 2016

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a complex autopolyploid with high potential for biomass production that can be converted into sugar and ethanol. Genetic improvement is extremely important to generate more productive and resistant cultivars. Populations of improved sugarcane are generally evaluated for several traits simultaneously and in multi‐environment trials. In this study, we evaluated two full‐sib families of sugarcane (SR1 and SR2) at two locations and 3 yr for stalk diameter, stalk height, stalk number, stalk weight, soluble solid content (Brix), sucrose content of cane, sucrose content of juice, fiber, cane yield, sucrose yield, and resistance to brown rust (Puccinia melanocephala). Using a mixed model approach, we included appropriate variance–covariance (VCOV) structures for modeling heterogeneity and correlation of genetic effects and non‐genetic residual effects. The genotypic correlations between traits were calculated across the adjusted means as the standard Pearson product‐moment coefficient. Through the VCOV structures estimated for each trait, in general, the heritabilities ranged from 0.78 to 0.94. Additionally, we detected 17 and 12 significant genotypic correlations between the evaluated traits for SR1 and SR2, respectively. The analysis of the severity data for brown rust revealed that 66 and 32% of the full‐sib genotypes in SR1 and SR2, respectively, had at least 90% probability of being resistant.

A linear mixed model is efficient in production data analysis of sugarcane.
In general, the broad‐sense heritability of the traits were high, ranging from 0.78 to 0.94.
A generalized linear mixed model can be applied in brown rust analysis of sugarcane.
Multi‐environment trials were applied to the genetic improvement of sugarcane.
Corn Injury from Foliar Zinc Application Does Not Affect Grain Yield
Authors: Golden Bobby R. , Orlowski John M. , Bond Jason A. 
Published: July 2016

Zinc deficiency symptoms have been observed on corn (Zea mays L.) grown on coarse‐textured, high‐pH soils in the Mississippi Delta. To correct deficiencies, many corn producers apply foliar Zn. Corn injury from foliar Zn application has been observed; however, it is not clear whether foliar Zn injury affects grain yield. Also, little information currently exists about the ability of foliar Zn sources to increase corn tissue Zn concentration. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Zn source and Zn application rate on foliar injury, tissue Zn concentration, and grain yield in corn. Zinc‐citrate, Zn–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and ZnSO4 were applied to corn at 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg Zn ha−1 at V4. Corn injury was evaluated 3, 6, and 9 d after application, and tissue Zn concentration was determined 2 wk after Zn application. Grain yield was determined at harvest. Zinc‐citrate imparted the greatest injury at all application rates, followed by ZnSO4 and Zn‐EDTA. Injury generally increased as Zn application rate increased. The 0.56 kg Zn ha−1 rate resulted in similar tissue Zn content across all Zn sources. Zinc‐citrate and ZnSO4 application resulted greater tissue Zn content than Zn‐EDTA at 1.12 and 2.24 kg Zn ha−1 rates. Despite high levels of foliar injury observed for some Zn sources and rates, no differences in grain yield were observed.

Citrate‐Zn application to corn caused more foliar injury than EDTA‐Zn and Zinc sulfate.
Citrate‐Zn resulted in highest corn tissue Zn concentrations.
Corn injury from foliar Zn application did not affect grain yield.
Grain Sorghum Response to Reduced Tillage, Rotation, and Soil Fertility Management in Uganda
Authors: Nansamba Angela , Kaizzi Kayuki C. , Twaha Ateenyi B. , Ebanyat Peter , Wortmann Charles S. 
Published: July 2016

Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important staple crop in Uganda, but its productivity is limited by numerous constraints. Practices including reduced tillage (RT), conventional tillage (CT), sorghum rotation with mucuna (Mucuna pruriens L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), and soil fertility management treatments (SFTs) were evaluated to determine their effects on grain yield over a 7‐yr period with two cropping seasons per year at Bulegeni and IkiIki representing high and low potential agroecological zones, respectively. At Bulegeni and IkiIki, respectively, mean grain yield was 13.0 and 8.6% greater with RT compared with CT, 10.9 and 14.4% greater following mucuna compared with cowpea, and 134 and 249% greater with farmyard manure (FYM)+N+P compared with no nutrient applied. At Bulegeni, SFT effects on sorghum yields increased with time. Factor interactions occurred, but grain yield was greatest due mainly to additive effects with a combination of RT, mucuna as the previous crop, and FYM+N+P. The SFTs accounted for >70% of the variation in annual treatment means for grain yield. Trial mean grain and stover yields were less for Years 1 through 4 compared with Years 5 through 7, especially at Bulegeni and with FYM and/or fertilizer application. Factor interaction effects on some soil chemical properties were inconsistent across locations. Mucuna rather than cowpea as the rotation crop, RT rather than CT with an increasing RT benefit over time, and nutrient application can be used alone or additively to increase sorghum grain yield, but positive factor interactions were inconsistent and accounted for little yield increase.

Sorghum grain yield was increased by additive effects of nutrient application, reduced tillage, and rotation.
Synergistic effects of combining two or more practices were small and uncommon.
Sorghum yield was greatly increased by nutrient application.
Farmers can benefit from adopting any of the more beneficial practices alone or in combination.
The Effect of Nitrogen Rates on Yields and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies during Four Years of Wheat–Maize Rotation Cropping Seasons
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Haijun , Huang Guanhua 
Published: July 2016

Nitrogen is a major limiting factor to crop production of the intensive wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)–maize (Zea maysL.) rotation cropping system in the North China Plain (NCP). This 4‐yr study was to evaluate the effects of N application on soil NO3–N dynamics and N use efficiency under sprinkler irrigation in the Beijing region of the NCP. There were four treatments, named CK, N1, N2, N3 with N application of 0, 110, 220, and 330 kg N ha−1per crop season, respectively. Results indicate that no water and NO3–N leached out of the 0 to 100 cm soil layer in the winter wheat seasons, whereas they moved into soil layers deeper than 100 cm in the summer maize seasons. After the 4‐yr cropping, the NO3–N concentration in the 0 to 120 cm soil profile decreased for CK, then remained relatively stable for N1 treatment, and increased greatly for N2 and N3 treatments. Generally, N application improved crop growth and increased N efficiencies and water use efficiency. Mostly, growth parameters and yields were not significantly (P> 0.05) different among the N1‐to‐N3 treatments, while N efficiencies decreased with N application increasing. Considering the economic benefit and environmental risk, N application rate of 110 to 130 kg N ha−1per crop season is recommended for the wheat–maize rotation cropping system under sprinkler irrigation in the Beijing area and those regions with similar climatic conditions and soil properties in the NCP.Larger deep percolation and nitrate leaching were found in maize season than those in wheat season.Nitrogen application greatly improved crop growth and yield.Application of 110 to 130 kg N ha−1per crop season is recommended for the wheat–maize cropping system in the North China Plain.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТРЕИСТИК КОГЕНЕРАЦИОННОЙ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ УСТАНОВКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА ТОПЛИВА
Authors: Тарахтий О. С. , Бундюк А. Н. 
Published: July 2016

Из-за несовершенства технологических производств многие промышленные предприятия имеют побочные газообразные продукты, которые относятся к вторичным энергоресурсам. Использование таких газов вкачестве топлива для энергетических установок данных предприятий является актуальной задачей энергосбережения. В данной статье рассматривается возможность использования технологических газов игазов искусственного происхождения в качестве топлива для когенерационной энергетической установки на базе газотурбинного двигателя. Использование данных видов топлива в когенерационны энергетических установках позволит снизить стоимость выпускаемой продукции за счет снижения затрат на топливо. Однакоиспользование подобных газов в качестве основного топлива для энергоустановок осложняется тем, что низшая теплота сгорания таких газов может существенно изменяться и, таким образом вносить существенные возмущения в работу энергетических установок. Проведен анализ влияния изменения низшей теплоты сгорания рассматриваемых газов на энергетические характеристики теплового двигателякогенерационной энергетической установки и определены допустимые пределы изменения низшей теплоты сгорания топлива. Предложены структура системы автоматического регулирования и метод управлениямощностью газотурбинной установки за счет перераспределения потоков первичного и вторичного воздуха в камере сгорания. В контур регулирования температуры газов на выходе из камеры сгорания газотурбинной \ установки введен дополнительный сигнал по производной от температуры газов на выходе из камеры сгорания. Использование этого сигнала значительно повышает качество регулирования нагрузки газовой турбины, особенно при снижении низшей теплоты сгорания топлива.
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ РІВНЯ АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЇ БЛОКУ ОЧИЩЕННЯ УСТАНОВКИ РОЗДІЛЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ
Authors: Червоненко П. П. , Болтенков, В. А. 
Published: July 2016

У статті розглянуто автоматизація блоку очищення установок розділення повітря середнього тиску, яким враховуючи сучасні вимоги ринку, необхідно підвищити рівень автоматизації. Проведено аналіз існуючихвимог до установок середнього тиску. Поставлена мета роботи – розробка інформаційної технології для підвищення рівня автоматизації блоку очищення установки розділення повітря. Для досягнення поставленоїмети необхідно було проаналізувати технологічний процес блоку очищення. Обґрунтовано необхідність вибору дворівневої системи автоматизації. Нижній рівень являє локальну система управління і контролю, а верхній –управляючий обчислювальний комплекс як робочу станцію на базі персонального комп'ютера. Розглянуто локальну систему управління та контролю, яка складається з блоку вимірювальних засобів, засобіврегулювання та системи управління і контролю нижнього рівня. Приведено опис обладнання, що було використано для автоматизації блоку очищення. Розроблено програмне забезпечення робочої станції, що представлено графічним інтерфейсом користувача та управляючою програмою. Приведено опис алгоритмів керування блоком очищення, що підтримує роботу системи у трьох основних режимах, та дозволяє автоматично переходити між ними. Розробка і впровадження автоматичної системи управління роботою блоку очищення установки розділення повітря середнього тиску дозволило підвищити безпеку та ефективність роботи установки в цілому.
ПРИНЦИПИ СИНТЕЗУ АВТОМАТИЧНИХ СИСТЕМ КЕРУВАННЯ ПРОМИСЛОВИМИ КОНДИЦІОНЕРАМИ
Authors: Голінко І. М. 
Published: July 2016

Розглянуто основні принципи синтезу багатовимірних систем автоматичного керування для промислових комплексів штучного мікроклімату. Отримано комплексну динамічну модель промислового кондиціонера ізпаровим зволожувачем у просторі стану. Запропоновано метод контролю мікроклімату повітря за непрямим показником вологовмісту повітряної суміші, який розраховується програмно за виміряними значеннямитемператури та відносної вологості. Для промислового кондиціонера запропоновано процедуру синтезу багатовимірного лінійно-квадратичного цифрового регулятора із інтегральною складовою. Процедура синтезубагатовимірного регулятора відрізняється від існуючих наявністю логіки вибору обладнання кондиціонера, де параметри регулятора адаптуються до властивостей кліматичного обладнання. Наведено приклад синтезуоптимального багатовимірного регулятора для кондиціонера CV-P 2L N-63B/F-N, синтезована матриця зворотного зв’язку, яка за параметрами стану об’єкта визначає траєкторію вектора оптимального керування.Розглянуті принципи, математичні моделі, процедури та алгоритми рекомендується використовувати спеціалістам із автоматизації для синтезу та аналізу систем керування промисловими кондиціонерами.
АППРОКСИМАЦИЯ В ЗАДАЧЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКОЙ ЦИФРОВОГО ФИЛЬТРА ДЛЯ СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННОЙ КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
Authors: Ухина А. В. , Яценко Т. П. , Ситников В. С. 
Published: July 2016

Определены зависимости, которые можно использовать для получения линейной характеристики управления АЧХ при аппроксимации характеристики. Показана возможность такого управления.
ПРОСТОЙ ПИ–ПОДОБНЫЙ РЕГУЛЯТОР С КОНТИНУАЛЬНОЙ ЛОГИКОЙ ДЛЯ НЕСТАЦИОНАРНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ
Authors: Павлов А. И. 
Published: July 2016

Многие объекты автоматического регулирования являются нестационарными. Проявляется это в измененииих параметров. Поэтому периодически требуется корректировать и параметры регуляторов. Такая работа осуществляется обычно редко. Поэтому значительную часть времени регуляторы работают снеоптимальными параметрами. Следствием этого является невысокое качество работы многих промышленных систем регулирования. Решением проблемы является использование робастных регуляторов.Показывается возможность повышения живучести систем автоматического регулирования посредством расширения их области нормальной работы. Достигается это применением нечеткой логики длядинамического изменения коэффициента передачи регулятора. Способ основан на использовании алгоритма Мамдани. Структура регулятора очень простая. Регулятор эффективно компенсирует координатныевозмущения, если они действуют по каналу управления.
Method for drawing forest maps by means of an office computer
Authors: Goossens R. , De Schuyter J. 
Published: July 2016

In this article, we tried to perform the drawing of forest maps, together with the calculations involved, automatically by means of relatively simple aids. The computer unit used is an office computer Olivetti P203. As an example the growing stock (in m3/ha) was mapped out. The proper inventory in the field is done according to the classical method by means of a previously fixed network of squares (70,7 m x 70,7 m), which corresponds to two plots a ha. The quantity which is measured and mapped out (in this case the growing stock) is in a similar form not very useful in mapping. Therefore a division in classes (Ku) numbered from 0 to 9, is set up. An appropriate program calculates for a certain number of points within this elementary square, to which class they have to be assigned, whereas the typewriter prints the corresponding code number on the right place. Fig. 1 and the formulas (1), (2) and (3) represent the principle o[ the calculations while fig. 2A and B reproduce the results printed by the typewriter for a elementary square of respective 1” X 1” and 2” X 2”. The whole of similar network of squares eventually results in a basical document, on which the existing forest map with an adapted scale is laid (see appendix 3) and the class limits are drawn. If desirable, the scale may be adapted when the forest map under discussion is definitely reproduced.
Nitrification: an old process, a new concern
Authors: Verstraete W. H. 
Published: July 2016

Some factors affecting the L-asparaginase activity of E. aroideae were investigated. Increasing concentrations of glucose in the culture medium had an inhibiting effect on the production of L-asparaginase by this microorganism. Buffering of the culture medium in order to stabilize the pH during growth resulted in a decrease of the L-asparaginase activity. From the different nitrogen sources examined, tryptone, proteose peptone nr 2 and nr 3 stimulated the L-asparaginase production. Toluene treatment of the cells practically destroyed the L-asparaginase. Acetone dried cells showed an L-asparaginase activity comparable with the activity of living cells.
Analyse de la structure et de la croissance des futaies jardinées sur le térritoire de l'Ancienne Republique de Venise
Authors: Lust N. 
Published: July 2016

Analysis of the structure and the grouwth in selection forests of the Ancient Republic of Venetia - ln the selection forests of the Ancient Republic of Venetia, the regeneration isn’t continuous. Normally there is a period of 30 years between two excellent regenerations. The spruce and the silver fir dominate alternately during an eighty years’ period. Up to size-class 15 inclusive, the largest part of the trees belong to the dominated class. The codominant trees are mostly found in the size-classes 20 and 25. From the size-class 25, most of the trees are dominating. There is an essential difference between the social position of the silver fir and the social position of the spruce. In general, the silver fir belongs to a lower social position. At a same diameter, the silver fir is also less high. In the lowest size-classes, the time necessary to grow in to a higher class is longer for the silver fir than for the spruce. From class 35 on however it’s contrary. With a diameter of 5 cm the average age of the spruce is 35 years and the average age of the silver fir is 54 years. The active age of both species is however nearly the same.
Sur le rapport entre l'accroissement courant en diamètre, en hauteur et en volume des arbres dans les peuplements vierges de hêtre oriental (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) en Iran
Authors: Nedialkov S. T. , Asli A. 
Published: July 2016

Les auteurs font la comparaison de différentes formules pour établir le rapport entre l'accroissement courant et quelques caractéristiques dendrométrique de l'arbre. Ils arrivent à la conclusion que le meilleur résultat est obtenu par l'application de la formule de bas iv = v( (1,5 id)/d + ih/h) mais que pour des raisons pratiques on préfère la formule suivante iv = v x 2id/d iv = accroissement courant v = volume actuel des tiges id = accroissement courant en diameter de la tige ih = accroissement courant en hauteur de la tige d = diameter à hauteur de poitrine sans écorce h = hauteur actuelle des tiges
Quantité et qualité de la biomasse des branches de hetre oriental (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) en Iran
Authors: Asli A. , Nedialkov S. T. 
Published: July 2016

Research on both quantity and quality of the biomass of Iranian Eastern beech from high forests (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky) - The Eastern beech is the most important commercial wood in Iran. ln order to prepare management plans for these high forests, it is necessary to measure their biomass. Measures led statistically on this species were processed and gave linear relations between the biomass, the diameter and the importance of the crown of trees. These relations have led to work out tables for the measure of biomass, by making the difference between timber and fire wood.
Aufbau, Wachstum und Reaktionsvermoegen von unterdrueckten Eschenverjuengungen
Authors: Van Miegroet M. , Lust N. 
Published: July 2016

Composition, structure and capacity of reaction of a suppressed regeneration of ash - A natural regeneration of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) was found in the region of Virelles (Belgium) . The characteristics were : - age: 4 to 36 years; average = 18 y - mean height : 22 cm - mean base diameter = 3,5 mm The characteristics of the regeneration prove the ash can be considered, at least during the youth, as a strong shade bearing species. The regeneration group has been analysed: the evolution of the stem number, the structure, the growth and the differentiation. In the second part we have examined if the regeneration possesses still the capacity to take again a normal growth. Different techniques were used: transplanting on the free field, cutting back immediately after planting or some months later just before the vegetation period. The reaction of the plants has been tested in two ways: 1. the growth and 2. the physiological characteristics (respiration, photosynthesis and content of pigments). The results prove that ashes which were suppressed for a very long time possess still the capacity to take again a normal growth.
Etude sur la teneur en pigment de frênes qui croissent dans des conditions différentes
Authors: Lust N. 
Published: July 2016

Pigment content of ashes grown up under different circumstances - The pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophyll and carotene) has been researched with ashes grown up under different light circumstances and varying in age and height. The results prove that the general laws concerning the influence of light on the pigment content, don’t always work. The phenomen is very complex. The light quantity is very important in some cases, but insignificant in others. It seems origin and height of plants have a strong influence. The results prove also the influence of the environment is much higher on small plants as on big ones. The research indicates finally the correlation between the green pigments, the yellow pigments, and between the green pigments on the one side and the yellow ones on the other side.
The structure of stands of Corsican pine (Pinus nigra Arn. calabrica Schn.) on coarse sands
Authors: Coppin P. , Lust N. 
Published: July 2016

This paper is a sequel to a previous article written by the same authors and entitled: “Growth and development of stands of Corsican pine on coarse sands”. It aims to contribute to the development of an appropriate management scheme for these Corsican pine forests, that are established on the coarse sands of northern Belgium, by analysing the stand composition as found at present and by extrapolating existing trends. The study makes special reference to the internal stand structure, the social stratification within the stand, the quality distribution of the trees and the interrelationship between the latter two factors. Cost-benefit ratios, however, have not been considered at this stage and variations due to changes in site quality or potential have been found insignificant within the broad soil class of the coarse sands. Recommendations have been formulated, taking into account customary management interventions and the unavoidable reorientation of the management of these pine forests towards the production of high quality timber.
A coppice with standards system adapted to Eucalyptus plantations for rural communities
Authors: Reynders M. 
Published: July 2016

Coppice with standards might be the most appropriate management system for Eucalyptus plantations established to fulfil the needs of rural communities in developing countries. In Rwanda, trials were established comparing pure coppice and high forest to coppice with standards with different densities of standards. The analysis was made of the production of the coppice, the production of the reserves and the total production of each treatment. The lack of significant difference between the total production of treatments allows a great freedom of action to the silviculturist and the choice of the management system should depend on the valorization possibilities of the thinning products.