bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeit von Bestandsgebäuden
Authors: Fauth Rainer , Schwarz Jürgen , Büllesbach Jürgen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie größte Rolle für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung in der Bau‐ und Immobilienwirtschaft spielt der Gebäudebestand. Das Immobilienmanagement trifft regelmäßig Entscheidungen, die einen großen Einfluss auf die nachhaltige Entwicklung der betreuten Objekte haben. Ökologische, ökonomische und soziale Objektqualitäten sind Ausdruck der Nachhaltigkeit und können nur dann angemessen berücksichtigt werden, wenn die Entscheider im Immobilien‐Asset‐Management (IAM) und Property‐Management (PrM) ein konkretes Bild vom Ist‐Zustand ihrer Objekte haben. Der Artikel leitet einen neuen Ansatz ab, nachhaltige Objektqualitäten in einer erweiterten Bestandsaufnahme zur erfassen und zu messen. Auf diese Weise gelingt es, Nachhaltigkeit für die Beurteilung von Entscheidungsalternativen greifbar zu machen und eine Basis für den langfristigen Erfolg eines Objekts zu schaffen.Development of a procedure to assess the sustainability of existing buildings – Sustainability in real estate asset management and property managementExisting buildings will play an increasing role for a sustainable development for construction and real estate industry. The real estate management has to decide regularly about measures affecting the sustainable development of the assets. Only if decision‐makers clearly know the actual condition of their assets the environmental, economic and social qualities of properties will be taken into account in an adequate proportion. The paper shows different options for building surveys by real estate managers including a new approach to assess sustainable qualities of assets. By means of this new method sustainability becomes more tangible for the evaluation process which is the basis for the long‐term success of assets.
Population-based cohort study of the management and survival of patients with early-stage oesophageal adenocarcinoma in England
Authors: Chadwick G , Riley S , Hardwick R H , Crosby T , Hoare J , Hanna G , Greenaway K , Varagunam M , Cromwell D A , Groene O 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background
Until recently, oesophagectomy was the treatment of choice for early oesophageal cancer. Endoscopic treatment has been introduced relatively recently. This observational national database study aimed to describe how endoscopic therapy has been introduced in England and to examine the safety of this approach.

Methods
A population-based cohort study was undertaken of patients diagnosed with oesophageal adenocarcinoma between October 2007 and June 2009 using three linked national databases. Patients with early-stage disease (T1 tumours with no evidence of spread) were identified, along with the primary treatment modality where treatment intent was curative. Short-term outcomes after treatment and 5-year survival were evaluated.

Results
Of 5192 patients diagnosed with oesophageal adenocarcinoma, 306 (5·9 per cent) were considered to have early-stage disease before any treatment, of whom 239 (79·9 per cent of 299 patients with data on treatment intent) were managed with curative intent. Of 175 patients who had an oesophagectomy, 114 (65·1 (95 per cent c.i. 57·6 to 72·7) per cent) survived for 5 years. Among these, 47 (30·3 per cent of 155 patients with tissue results available) had their disease upstaged after pathological staging; this occurred more often in patients who did not have staging endoscopic ultrasonography before surgery. Of 41 patients who had an endoscopic resection, 27 (66 (95 per cent c.i. 49 to 80) per cent) survived for 5 years. Repeat endoscopic therapy was required by 23 (56 per cent) of these 41 patients.

Conclusion
Between 2007 and 2009, oesophagectomy remained the initial treatment of choice (73·2 per cent) among patients with early-stage oesophageal cancer treated with curative intent; one in five patients were managed endoscopically, and this treatment was more common in elderly patients. Although the groups had different patient characteristics, 5-year survival rates were similar.
Recasting a traditional laboratory practical as a “Design‐your‐own protocol” to teach a universal research skill
Authors: Whitworth David E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLaboratory‐based practical classes are a common feature of life science teaching, during which students learn how to perform experiments and generate/interpret data. Practical classes are typically instructional, concentrating on providing topic‐ and technique‐specific skills, however to produce research‐capable graduates it is also important to develop generic practical skills. To provide an opportunity for students to develop the skills needed to create bespoke protocols for experimental benchwork, a traditional practical was repurposed. Students were given a list of available resources and an experimental goal, and directed to create a bench protocol to achieve the aim (measuring the iron in hemoglobin). In a series of teaching events students received feedback from staff, and peers prototyped the protocols, before protocols were finally implemented. Graduates highlighted this exercise as one of the most important of their degrees, primarily because of the clear relevance of the skills acquired to professional practice. The exercise exemplifies a range of pedagogic principles, but arguably its most important innovation is that it repurposed a pre‐existing practical. This had the benefits of automatically providing scaffolding to direct the students' thought processes, while retaining the advantages of a “discovery learning” exercise, and allowing facile adoption of the approach across the sector. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44(4):377–380, 2016.
Pesticide residue determination in vegetables from western China applying gas chromatography with mass spectrometry
Authors: Qin Guofu , Zou Keting , Li Yongbo , Chen Yan , He Fengrui , Ding Guirong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this study,an effort has been made to evaluate the pesticide residues in vegetables from western China. Fifty‐one pesticides, including organophosphorus, organochlorine, carbamate and pyrethroid, were detected in 369 commonly used vegetables by GC‐MS. Concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides were detected ranging from 0.0008 to 18.8200 mg/kg, among which organophosphorus pesticide concentrations exceeded their maximum residue levels (MRLs) in five samples. Carbamate and organochlorine pesticides were determined to have concentrations in the range of 0.0012–0.7928 mg/kg. The residual concentrations of carbamate pesticides in six samples and organochlorine pesticides in four samples exceeded their MRLs. The residual concentrations of five pyrethroid pesticides were within the range of 0.0016–6.0827 mg/kg and the pyrethroid residues in two samples exceeded their MRLs. The results revealed that pesticide residues in 70.73% of the vegetables samples were not detected, while in the rest of vegetables there were one or more pesticide residues and some even exceeded their MRLs, which would threaten the health of consumers. Our work provides significant information for the food safety regulations to control the excessive use of some pesticides on those kinds of vegetables from western China. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lamotrigine as monotherapy in clinical practice: efficacy of various dosages in epilepsy
Authors: Warshavsky Anton , Eilam Anda , Gilad Ronit 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectives/AimsThe study was designed to evaluate the optimal dosage of lamotrigine, as monotherapy, in the treatment of adults suffering from complex partial seizures with or without secondary generalization in everyday clinical practice.Materials and MethodsThe ones used in this study was the collection of the data of all adult patients treated with lamotrigine, retrospectively. The dosage and efficacy of treatment were evaluated along with side effects and retention rate.ResultsThey showed that, out of 188 patients, 77% continued lamotrigine treatment; the mean effective dose was 250 mg or higher of lamotrigine, and the results more pronounced in older patients (age above 30 years) and those with a longer disease duration (5 years and more).ConclusionIt may be appropriate to reach a daily lamotrigine dose above 250 mg in adult patients suffering from epilepsy for more than 5 years using lamotrigine as monotherapy.
Educational software tool for decoupling control in wind turbines applied to a lab‐scale system
Authors: Fragoso Sergio , Ruz Mario L. , Garrido Juan , Vázquez Francisco , Morilla Fernando 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an educational software tool, called wtControlGUI, whose main purpose is to show the applicability and performance of different decoupling control strategies in wind turbines. Nowadays, wind turbines are a very important field in control engineering. Therefore, from an educational point of view, the tool also aims to improve the learning of multivariable control concepts applied on this field. In addition, wtControlGUI allows for testing and controlling of a lab‐scale system which emulates the dynamic response of a large‐scale wind turbine. The designed graphical user interface essentially allows simulation and experimental testing of decoupling networks and other multivariable methodologies, such as robust or decentralized control strategies. The tool is available for master degree students in control engineering. A survey was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed tool when it is used in educational related tasks. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:400–411, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21718
Crystal Structure of CYP106A2 in Substrate‐Free and Substrate‐Bound Form
Authors: Janocha Simon , Carius Yvonne , Hutter Michael , Lancaster C. Roy D. , Bernhardt Rita 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCYP106A2 from Bacillus megaterium ATCC 13368 is known as a bacterial steroid hydroxylase that is also capable of hydroxylating a variety of terpenoids. To analyze the substrate specificity of this enzyme further, different resin acids of the abietane and pimarane types were tested with regard to binding and conversion. Product formation could be shown for all tested substrates. Spectroscopic studies revealed type I binding spectra for isopimaric acid, but dehydroabietic acid did not induce a high‐spin shift of the enzyme. Interestingly, binding of abietic acid resulted in a type II difference spectrum typical for nitrogenous inhibitors. Co‐crystallization of CYP106A2 with abietic acid and structure determination revealed bending of the heme cofactor when abietic acid was bound in the active site. Quantum chemical calculations strongly suggest that this heme distortion is the cause of the unusual spectroscopic characteristics.
Impaired executive function in 14‐ to 16‐year‐old boys with conduct disorder is related to recidivism: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Miura Hideki , Fuchigami Yasuyuki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have suggested a relationship between cognitive impairment and recidivism, but most have adopted a retrospective design.AimThe aim of this study was to test for any relationship between impaired executive function in adolescents with conduct disorder and subsequent recidivism up to 3 years later.MethodIn this prospective cohort study, 221 male adolescents with conduct disorder, admitted to a juvenile justice assessment centre for the first time, were interviewed about their offence, age, onset of delinquency and family history. They completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Keio version) (KWCST) and the Iowa gambling task. Scores were compared between those who subsequently re‐offended and those who did not.ResultsSeventy‐six (34%) participants re‐offended. There was no direct difference between groups in executive function, but there were age differences both in executive function and in recidivism. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the variables, which were independently associated with recidivism, were younger age, change in the person who brought up the child, and fewer (≤4) categories achieved on the KWCST. Recidivists were about twice as likely as single offenders to have achieved four categories or less on the KWCST (odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1–4.4).ConclusionsImpaired executive function appears to predispose to recidivism among young first‐time male offenders with conduct disorder. Our findings also suggest that further precise assessments of environmental stress on developing neurocognitive function could clarify the background of antisocial behaviour. © 2016 The Authors. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of Amorphous and Graphitized Carbide‐Derived Carbon Monoliths
Authors: Kern Andreas M. , Zierath Bodo , Haertlé Joachim , Fey Tobias , Etzold Bastian J. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe influence of graphitization and composition of carbide‐derived carbon (CDC) monoliths on the electrical and thermal conductivity was investigated. Carbon monoliths with varying porosities were synthesized employing biomorphous macroporous TiC and SiC as precursors. Graphitization was carried out in situ during high‐temperature chlorination with and without addition of nickel, iron, and cobalt chloride to the carbide. The graphitized monoliths showed improved properties. The results demonstrate that despite graphitic carbon also glass‐like carbon, stemming from the carbide synthesis, increases the thermal and electrical conductivity significantly.
Voltammetry of Ion Transfer at a Water–Toluene Micro‐ Interface
Authors: Kasuno Megumi , Matsuyama Yuki , Iijima Misaki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractVoltammograms of ion transfer at the water (W)|toluene interface were recorded for the first time by using a micro‐interface electrolytic cell and bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (BTPPA+TFPB−). The high solubility of BTPPA+TFPB− in toluene at room temperature enabled the electrochemical measurements. The potential window at the W|toluene interface is about 1.09 V, which is 0.30 V larger than that at the W|1,2‐dichloroethane interface when using 10 mmol dm−3 NaCl as the supporting electrolyte in W. The transfer reactions of quaternary ammonium ions across the W|toluene interface were found to be reversible. Formal potentials for ion transfer from W to toluene were evaluated, and linear correlations were observed between these formal potentials and the standard potentials reported at the W|nitrobenzene, W|1,2‐dichloroethane, and W|2‐nitrophenyl octyl ether interfaces.
Binder‐Free Carbon‐Coated Silicon–Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Electrode Prepared by Electrophoretic Deposition as a High‐Performance Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Jiaqi , Chen Dingqiong , Fu Tao , Sun Dong , Zhao Jinbao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA simple yet versatile binder‐free electrophoretic deposition method is developed to fabricate a carbon‐coated Si/reduced graphene oxide (Si@C/rGO) nanocomposite as a high‐performance anode for lithium‐ion batteries. In this nanostructure, high specific capacity Si nanoparticles are uniformly coated with the carbon layer and embedded in graphene sheets to form an integrated, robust and conductive framework. Electrochemical studies show that this nanostructured Si@C/rGO electrode exhibits a high reversible specific capability (1165 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, three times of that of graphite) and excellent cycling stability (capacity retention of 96.8 % at 1 A g−1, and 95.4 % at 2 A g−1 after 100 cycles).
Electrospun Nanofibers from a Tricyanofuran‐Based Molecular Switch for Colorimetric Recognition of Ammonia Gas
Authors: Khattab Tawfik A. , Abdelmoez Sherif , Klapötke Thomas M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA chromophore based on tricyanofuran (TCF) with a hydrazone (H) recognition moiety was developed. Its molecular‐switching performance is reversible and has differential sensitivity towards aqueous ammonia at comparable concentrations. Nanofibers were fabricated from the TCF–H chromophore by electrospinning. The film fabricated from these nanofibers functions as a solid‐state optical chemosensor for probing ammonia vapor. Recognition of ammonia vapor occurs by proton transfer from the hydrazone fragment of the chromophore to the ammonia nitrogen atom and is facilitated by the strongly electron withdrawing TCF fragment. The TCF–H chromophore was added to a solution of poly(acrylic acid), which was electrospun to obtain a nanofibrous sensor device. The morphology of the nanofibrous sensor was determined by SEM, which showed that nanofibers with a diameter range of 200–450 nm formed a nonwoven mat. The resultant nanofibrous sensor showed very good sensitivity in ammonia‐vapor detection. Furthermore, very good reversibility and short response time were also observed.
Accurate Extraction of Nanometer Distances in Multimers by Pulse EPR
Authors: Valera Silvia , Ackermann Katrin , Pliotas Christos , Huang Hexian , Naismith James H. , Bode Bela E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is gaining increasing importance in structural biology. The PELDOR (pulsed electron–electron double resonance) method allows extracting distance information on the nanometer scale. Here, we demonstrate the efficient extraction of distances from multimeric systems such as membrane‐embedded ion channels where data analysis is commonly hindered by multi‐spin effects.
Assembling Quasi‐enantiomeric Octahedral Complexes of Different Metals via Quasi‐racemate Crystallization
Authors: Popowski Yanay , Goldberg Israel , Kol Moshe 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAiming at a general methodology for binary co‐assembly of complexes of different metals through quasiracemate crystallization, the hexadentate ligand 1 comprised of the chiral bipyrrolidine core and two bipyridine peripheral arms is introduced. Ligand 1 was found to bind in a fully diastereoselective and uniform mode around ZnII, FeII and CdII giving coordinatively inert octahedral “chiral‐at‐metal” complexes with the Δ4Λ2/Λ4Δ2 wrapping mode. Equimolar mixtures of quasienantiomeric pairs of these complexes exhibited a clear tendency to pack as quasiracemates as was revealed from the crystallographic structures of [(R,R)‐1‐Zn](PF6)2/[(S,S)‐1‐Fe](PF6)2 and [(R,R)‐1‐Zn](PF6)2/[(S,S)‐1‐Cd](PF6)2, in an isomorphous fashion to that of the racemic compound [rac‐1‐Zn](PF6)2 in space group C2/c.
Unveiling the “Three‐Finger Pharmacophore” Required for p53–MDM2 Inhibition by Saturation‐Transfer Difference (STD) NMR Initial Growth‐Rates Approach
Authors: Angulo Jesus , Goffin Sarah A. , Gandhi Daivik , Searcey Mark , Howell Lesley A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInhibitors of the p53‐MDM2 protein–protein interaction are emerging as a new and validated approach to treating cancer. Herein, we describe the synthesis and inhibitory evaluation of a series of isoquinolin‐1‐one analogues, and highlight the utility of an initial growth‐rates saturation‐transfer difference (STD) NMR approach supported by protein–ligand docking to investigate p53‐MDM2 inhibition. The approach is illustrated by the study of compound 1, providing key insights into the binding mode of this kind of MDM2 ligands and, more importantly, readily unveiling the previously proposed three‐finger pharmacophore requirement for p53‐MDM2 inhibition.
Thermodynamics and Modeling of Sorption Isotherms
Authors: Adolphs Jürgen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn extended version of the thermodynamic computation model for sorption isotherms and capillary condensation is introduced. With the combination of the excess surface work (ESW) and disjoining pressure approach sorption isotherms for various pore size distributions of cylindrical and slit‐like mesopores are successfully modeled. The main idea is that during adsorption on pore walls the approaching films will collapse and capillary condensation proceeds, while evaporation is described with a modified Kelvin equation. In both cases adsorption and desorption, the surface tension dependency on the pore size is considered.
Polymerelektrolytmembranen für Hoch‐ und Niedertemperatur‐Brennstoffzellen aus strahlungsinduzierter Pfropfcopolymerisation
Authors: Li Xin , Drache Marco , Gohs Uwe , Beuermann Sabine 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie strahlungsinduzierte Pfropfcopolymerisation von Hydroxyethylmethacrylat mit den Comonomeren Hydroxyethylacrylat, Acrylsäure oder Glycidylmethacrylat auf Ethylen‐Tetrafluorethylen (ETFE) ermöglicht ein maßgeschneidertes Design von Membranen für Hoch‐ und Niedertemperatur‐Polymerelektrolytbrennstoffzellen. Entsprechend der Betriebstemperatur wird die Protonenleitung entweder durch Dotierung mit Phosphorsäure oder zweistufige Sulfonierung der funktionellen Monomere erreicht. In Brennstoffzellentests wurden die Leistungsdichte und Innenwiderstände dieser Membranen ermittelt und die Eignung der Materialien für Hoch‐ und Niedertemperatur‐Brennstoffzellen aufgezeigt.
Bilingualer Physik‐/Chemieunterricht in der Fremdsprache Deutsch – Erkenntnisse aus einer Fallstudie in Frankreich
Authors: Kemper Anne‐Kathrin , Becker Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDer Diskussionsbeitrag fokussiert Beobachtungen aus der Unterrichtspraxis. Bilinguale Bildungsgänge in Frankreich, die sogenannte section européenne, besitzen eine lange Tradition: Bilinguale Angebote werden seit Anfang der 1980er mit viel Engagement realisiert, und sie sind seither ein fester Bestandteil des französischen Bildungssystem. Der Blick „hinüber“ in die bilinguale Unterrichtspraxis unserer französischen Nachbarn kann „Ideengeber“ für das vergleichsweise noch „junge“ bilinguale Sachfachlernen in Deutschland sein.
Impact of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Apremilast and Metabolite M12
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhou Simon , Assaf Mahmoud , Nissel Jim , Palmisano Maria 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of apremilast and its major metabolite M12 were evaluated in subjects with varying degrees of renal impairment. Men and women with renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate, 60‒89 mL/min [mild, n = 8], 30‒59 mL/min [moderate, n = 8], or <30 mL/min [severe, n = 8]) or demographically healthy matched (control) subjects (n = 24) received a single oral dose of apremilast 30 mg. Plasma apremilast and metabolite M12 concentrations were determined, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from samples obtained predose and up to 72 hours postdose. In subjects with mild to moderate renal impairment, apremilast pharmacokinetic profiles were similar to healthy matched subjects. In subjects with severe renal impairment, apremilast elimination was significantly slower, and exposures based on area under the plasma concentration‐versus‐time curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity and maximum observed plasma concentration were increased versus healthy matched subjects. Metabolite M12 pharmacokinetic profiles for subjects with mild renal impairment were similar to those of the healthy matched subjects; however, they were increased in both the moderate and severe renally impaired subjects. Dose reduction of apremilast is recommended in individuals with severe renal impairment, but not in those with mild to moderate renal impairment.