bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing urban crises: Bridging the humanitarian–development divide
Authors: Earle Lucy 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe world is urbanizing rapidly. Demographic shifts are intersecting with the impacts of climate change, conflict and displacement. In many parts of the world, chronic stresses mean that large proportions of the urban population are already vulnerable. Rapid and poorly planned urbanization is not just an issue for governments and development specialists; humanitarian actors must also increase their understanding of and ability to operate within towns and cities at risk of crises. Their current approaches do not always adequately reflect and work with the reality of urban populations and the systems that support urban life. This means that humanitarian interventions may not contribute to sustainable urban development and the well-being of town and city dwellers in the longer term. This article argues that greater collaboration between humanitarian responders, municipal actors, development specialists and professional associations could lead to better outcomes for crisis-affected populations in both the short and long term.
Inter-personal diversity and temporal dynamics of dental, tongue, and salivary microbiota in the healthy oral cavity
Authors: Hall Michael W. , Singh Natasha , Ng Kester F. , Lam David K. , Goldberg Michael B. , Tenenbaum Howard C. , Neufeld Josh D. , G. Beiko Robert , Senadheera Dilani B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOral microbes form a complex and dynamic biofilm community, which is subjected to daily host and environmental challenges. Dysbiosis of the oral biofilm is correlated with local and distal infections and postulating a baseline for the healthy core oral microbiota provides an opportunity to examine such shifts during the onset and recurrence of disease. Here we quantified the daily, weekly, and monthly variability of the oral microbiome by sequencing the largest oral microbiota time-series to date, covering multiple oral sites in ten healthy individuals. Temporal dynamics of salivary, dental, and tongue consortia were examined by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing over 90 days, with four individuals sampled additionally 1 year later. Distinct communities were observed between dental, tongue, and salivary samples, with high levels of similarity observed between the tongue and salivary communities. Twenty-six core OTUs that classified withinStreptococcus, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Prevotella, andRothiagenera were present in ≥95% samples and accounted for ~65% of the total sequence data. Phylogenetic diversity varied from person to person, but remained relatively stable within individuals over time compared to inter-individual variation. In contrast, the composition of rare microorganisms was highly variable over time, within most individuals. Using machine learning, an individual's oral microbial assemblage could be correctly assigned to them with 88–97% accuracy, depending on the sample site; 83% of samples taken a year after initial sampling could be confidently traced back to the source subject.
Development and validation of the Salzburg COPD-screening questionnaire (SCSQ): a questionnaire development and validation study
Authors: Weiss Gertraud , Steinacher Ina , Lamprecht Bernd , Kaiser Bernhard , Mikes Romana , Sator Lea , Hartl Sylvia , Wagner Helga , Studnicka M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence rates are still high. However, the majority of subjects are not diagnosed. Strategies have to be implemented to overcome the problem of under-diagnosis. Questionnaires could be used to pre-select subjects for spirometry and thereby help reducing under-diagnosis. We report a brief, simple, self-administrable and validated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease questionnaire to increase the pre-test probability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis in subjects undergoing confirmatory spirometry. In 2005, we completed the Austrian Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease-study in 1258 subjects aged >40 years. Post-bronchodilator spirometry was performed, and non-reversible airflow limitation defined by FEV1/FVC ratio below the lower limit of normal. Questions from the Salzburg chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening-questionnaire were selected using a logistic regression model, and risk scores were based on regression-coefficients. A training sub-sample (n = 800) was used to create the score, and a test sub-sample (n = 458) was used to test it. In 2008, an external validation study was done, using the same protocol in 775 patients from primary care. The Salzburg chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening questionnaire was composed of items related to “breathing problems”, “wheeze”, “cough”, “limitation of physical activity”, and “smoking”. At the >=2 points cut-off of the Salzburg chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening questionnaire, sensitivity was 69.1% [95%CI: 56.6%; 79.5%], specificity 60.0% [95%CI: 54.9%; 64.9%], the positive predictive value 23.2% [95%CI: 17.7%; 29.7%] and the negative predictive value 91.8% [95%CI: 87.5%; 95.7%] to detect post bronchodilator airflow limitation. The external validation study in primary care confirmed these findings. The Salzburg chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening questionnaire was derived from the highly standardized Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. This validated and easy to use questionnaire can help to increase the efficiency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease case-finding.
Vocal Ergonomics in the Workplace: Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning Method Influences on Vocal Comfort and Function
Authors: Sandage Mary J. , Rahn Keith A. , Smith Audrey G. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning method on voice function following a voicing task using ecologically valid offices, one with radiant HVAC and one with forced air.

Method
A total of 12 consented participants (6 women, 6 men) narrated a video in each of 4 environmental conditions in a within-between repeated-measures design. Acoustic data were collected with an ambulatory phonation monitor and perceived phonatory effort was determined following the voicing task. Data were analyzed using a within-between repeated-measures analysis of variance with significance set at α < .05.

Results
Perceived phonatory effort did not differ between environments; however, a significant difference in vocal amplitude between 2 trials was identified for the male participants and physiologically significant differences in vocal amplitude were identified for male and female participants.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that perceived phonatory effort may not be a sensitive measure of vocal function differences following a voicing task in ecologically valid office spaces despite significant acoustic findings. Future research should address longer exposure to environmental differences combined with a longer voicing task within ecologically valid work spaces as well as the recruitment of participants who have particular vulnerability to environmental perturbations.
Low RCS and high‐gain CP microstrip antenna using SA‐MS
Authors: Zhang Lei , Dong Tao 
Published: January 2017

A shared aperture metasurface (SA‐MS) is proposed to achieve the wideband radar cross‐section (RCS) reduction and gain enhancement of a circularly polarised (CP) microstrip antenna simultaneously. The SA‐MS is composed of a wideband polarisation conversion surface and a partially reflecting surface (PRS). A 180° phase difference can be obtained by the polarisation conversion surface, which results in a wideband RCS reduction in normal incident direction. The Fabry–Perot resonator cavity is constructed by the PRS and the metallic ground of the CP microstrip antenna to enhance the gain. Experimental results show that the gain enhancement reaches 1.15 dB around the operating band and a wideband RCS reduction is obtained in the frequency range of 9–17 GHz, in which the average RCS reduction is 10.9 and 10.68 dB for dual polarisation in the normal incident direction.
Endangering humanity: an international crime?
Authors: McKinnon Catriona 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn the Anthropocene, human beings are capable of bringing about globally catastrophic outcomes that could damage conditions for present and future human life on Earth in unprecedented ways. This paper argues that the scale and severity of these dangers justifies a new international criminal offence of ‘postericide’ that would protect present and future people against wrongfully created dangers of near extinction. Postericide is committed by intentional or reckless systematic conduct that is fit to bring about near human extinction. The paper argues that a proper understanding of the moral imperatives embodied in international criminal law shows that it ought to be expanded to incorporate a new law of postericide.
Vortex buoyancy in superfluid and superconducting neutron stars
Authors: Dommes V. A. , Gusakov M. E. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Buoyancy of proton vortices is considered as one of the important mechanisms of magnetic field expulsion from the superconducting interiors of neutron stars. Here, we show that the generally accepted expression for the buoyancy force is not correct and should be modified. The correct expression is derived for both neutron and proton vortices. It is argued that this force is already contained in the coarse-grained hydrodynamics of Bekarevich & Khalatnikov and its various multifluid extensions, but is absent in the hydrodynamics of Hall. Some potentially interesting buoyancy-related effects are briefly discussed.
Objective Identification of Simulated Cochlear Implant Settings in Normal-Hearing Listeners Via Auditory Cortical Evoked Potentials
Authors: Lee Sungmin , Bidelman Gavin M. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives:
Providing cochlear implant (CI) patients the optimal signal processing settings during mapping sessions is critical for facilitating their speech perception. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether auditory cortical event-related potentials (ERPs) could be used to objectively determine optimal CI parameters.

Design:
While recording neuroelectric potentials, we presented a set of acoustically vocoded consonants (aKa, aSHa, and aNa) to normal-hearing listeners (n = 12) that simulated speech tokens processed through four different combinations of CI stimulation rate and number of spectral maxima. Parameter settings were selected to feature relatively fast/slow stimulation rates and high/low number of maxima; 1800 pps/20 maxima, 1800/8, 500/20 and 500/8.

Results:
Speech identification and reaction times did not differ with changes in either the number of maxima or stimulation rate indicating ceiling behavioral performance. Similarly, we found that conventional univariate analysis (analysis of variance) of N1 and P2 amplitude/latency failed to reveal strong modulations across CI-processed speech conditions. In contrast, multivariate discriminant analysis based on a combination of neural measures was used to create “neural confusion matrices” and identified a unique parameter set (1800/8) that maximally differentiated speech tokens at the neural level. This finding was corroborated by information transfer analysis which confirmed these settings optimally transmitted information in listeners’ neural and perceptual responses.

Conclusions:
Translated to actual implant patients, our findings suggest that scalp-recorded ERPs might be useful in determining optimal signal processing settings from among a closed set of parameter options and aid in the objective fitting of CI devices.
Bilateral Sciatic Neuropathy after an Autologous Breast Reconstruction in a Massive Weight Loss Patient
Authors: Abdel-Naby Ramy , Ablavsky Michael , Shteynberg Aleksandr 
Published: January 2017

Summary:
Perioperative compression neuropathy is a known potential complication of prolonged surgical procedures. Sciatic postoperative neuropathy has rarely been reported. We present a 34-year-old woman who underwent right breast reconstruction with supercharged (venous anastomosis) transverse rectus abdominis flap and developed bilateral sciatic compression neuropathy. Her history was remarkable for sleeve gastrectomy 2 years earlier resulting in 105 pound weight loss 1 year before breast reconstruction. During the procedure, the patient was in the supine position for 8 hours and in the semirecumbent position for an additional 2 hours with the torso flexed at 30 degrees and knees flexed at approximately 45 degrees in addition to standard padding. Postoperatively, the patient was found to have loss of sensation and motor paralysis distal to her knees bilaterally. Pain sensation was preserved distally and no other neurological abnormalities were noted. Laboratory tests, magnetic resonance imaging, electromyography, and nerve conduction studies all revealed no evidence of neurological lesions and peroneal or lumbosacral radiculopathy. Motor strength gradually returned to her lower extremities over 4–5 weeks, whereas sensory function continued to improve over 7 weeks. The patient had complete neurological recovery 2 months postoperatively.
Deltoid Compartment Syndrome: A Rare Complication after Humeral Intraosseous Access
Authors: Thadikonda Kishan M. , Egro Francesco M. , Ma Irene , Spiess Alexander M. 
Published: January 2017

Summary:
We present a case of a 65-year-old woman who developed a delayed deltoid compartment syndrome after resuscitation via humeral intraosseous access. Initially she was treated conservatively but then was taken emergently for a fasciotomy. After confirming the diagnosis with compartment pressures, a 2-incision approach was employed and a large hematoma was evacuated from the inferior margin of the anterior deltoid. The rest of the deltoid was inspected and debrided to healthy bleeding tissue. Her fasciotomy wounds were left open to heal on their own due to her tenuous clinical condition. At most recent follow-up, she had full range of motion in her shoulder and no residual pain. Our unique case study is the first documented incidence of upper extremity compartment syndrome after intraosseous access. Additionally, our case supports using humeral access only as a second-line option if lower extremity access is not available and prolonged vigilant monitoring after discontinuing intraosseous access to prevent disastrous late complications.
Midface Osteotomies for Feminization of the Facial Skeleton
Authors: Lundgren T. Kalle , Farnebo Filip 
Published: January 2017

Summary:
Facial feminization surgery is a term to describe the surgical alteration of a masculine facial appearance to a more feminine appearance, which is most commonly performed for male-to-female transsexual individuals. To alter the midfacial relations, segmentalized osteotomies were performed in selected patients expanding on the established techniques for facial feminization surgery. All patients underwent a preoperative 3D computerized tomography scan and 3D photography before and after the surgery. The inclusion of the midface in surgery was determined based on the relative projection and angle of the zygomatic body compared with the supraorbital region (the supraorbital region was reduced in all patients). Patients were prospectively followed up by 3D surface photography and 3D computerized tomography scans. Rotation and advancement of the zygomatic region was found to be an effective way to further feminize the midfacial appearance in selected male-to-female transsexual patients. No major surgical complications occurred. Although somewhat technically challenging, we suggest that midface surgery should be considered for feminizing purposes in order for the patient to achieve a long-term favorable result compared with other alternative methods.
Designing the database for microarray experiments metadata
Authors: Lykhenko Oleksandr , Frolova Alina , Obolenska Maria 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAdvancements in both computer science and biotechnology opened way to unprecedented amount and variety of gene expression studies raw data in the open access. It is sometimes worth to rearrange and unite data from several similar gene expression studies into new case-control groups to test new hypothesis using available data. Unfortunately, most popular gene expression databases such as GEO and ArrayExpress were not designed to allow such cross-study procedures. In order to locate comparable samples in different studies numerous steps are required including gathering additional sample metadata and its standardization. Specialized databases are developed by investigators in their own fields of interest to reuse the processed data and create different case-control groups and test multiple hypothesis.Here we present detailed description of the specialized database creation along with its use case which is 32 gene expression cDNA microarray datasets on human placenta under conditions of pre-eclampsia containing expression data on more than 1000 biological samples. Samples contain sufficient metadata for them to be merged into relevant cross-experiment case-control groups for further integrative analysis.
Multiplexed and multivariate representations of sound identity during perceptual constancy
Authors: Town Stephen M. , Wood Katherine C. , Bizley Jennifer K. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryPerceptual constancy requires neural representations that are selective for object identity, but also tolerant for identity-preserving transformations. How such representations arise in the brain and contribute to perception remains unclear. Here we studied tolerant representations of sound identity in the auditory system by recording multi-unit activity in tonotopic auditory cortex of ferrets discriminating the identity of vowels which co-varied across orthogonal stimulus dimensions (fundamental frequency, sound level, location and voicing). We found that neural decoding of vowel identity was most successful across the same orthogonal dimensions over which animals generalized their behavior. We also decoded orthogonal sound features and behavioral variables including choice and accuracy to show a behaviorally-relevant, multivariate and multiplexed representation of sound, with each variable represented over a distinct time-course. Finally, information content and timing of sound feature encoding was modulated by task-engagement and training, suggesting that tolerant representations during perceptual constancy are attentionally and experience-dependent.
Estimating correlated rates of trait evolution with uncertainty
Authors: Caetano D.S. , Harmon L.J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCorrelated evolution among traits, which can happen due to genetic constraints, ontogeny, and selection, can have an important impact on the trajectory of phenotypic evolution. For example, shifts in the pattern of evolutionary integration may allow the exploration of novel regions of the morphospace by lineages. Here we use phylogenetic trees to study the pace of evolution of several traits and their pattern of evolutionary correlation across clades and over time. We use regimes mapped to the branches of the phylogeny to test for shifts in evolutionary integration. Our approach incorporates the uncertainty related to phylogeny, ancestral state estimates and parameter estimates to produce posterior distributions using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo. We implemented the use of summary statistics to test for regime shifts based on a series of attributes of the model that can be directly relevant to biological hypotheses. In addition, we extend Felsenstein’s pruning algorithm to the case of multivariate Brownian motion models with multiple rate regimes. We performed extensive simulations to explore the performance of the method under a series of scenarios. Finally, we provide two test cases; the evolution of a novel buccal morphology in fishes of the family Centrarchidae and a shift in the trajectory of evolution of traits during the radiation of anole lizards to and from the Caribbean islands.
DOCUMENTING AND EVALUATING DATA SCIENCE CONTRIBUTIONS IN ACADEMIC PROMOTION IN DEPARTMENTS OF STATISTICS AND BIOSTATISTICS
Authors: Waller Lance A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTACTThe dynamic intersection of the emerging field of Data Science with the established academic communities of Statistics and Biostatistics continues to generate lively debate, often with the two fields playing the role of an upstart (but brilliant), tech-savvy prodigy and an established (but brilliant), curmudgeonly expert, respectively. Like any new discipline, Data Science brings new perspectives and new tools to address new questions requiring new perspectives on traditionally established concepts. In this paper, we explore a specific component of this discussion, namely the documentation and evaluation of Data Science-related research, teaching, and service contributions for faculty members seeking promotion and tenure within traditional departments of statistics and Biostatistics.
Genetic contributions to trail making test performance in UK Biobank
Authors: Hagenaars Saskia P , Cox Simon R , Hill W David , Davies Gail , Liewald David CM ,   CHARGE consortium Cognitive Working Group, Harris Sarah E , McIntosh Andrew M , Gale Catharine R , Deary Ian J 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Trail Making Test is a widely used test of executive function and has been thought to be strongly associated with general cognitive function. We examined the genetic architecture of the trail making test and its shared genetic aetiology with other tests of cognitive function in 23 821 participants from UK Biobank. The SNP-based heritability estimates for trail-making measures were 7.9 % (part A), 22.4 % (part B), and 17.6 % (part B – part A). Significant genetic correlations were identified between trail-making measures and verbal-numerical reasoning (rg> 0.6), general cognitive function (rg> 0.6), processing speed (rg> 0.7), and memory (rg> 0.3). Polygenic profile analysis indicated considerable shared genetic aetiology between trail making, general cognitive function, processing speed, and memory (standardized β between 0.03 and 0.08). These results suggest that trail making is both phenotypically and genetically strongly associated with general cognitive function and processing speed.
A systematic screen for morphological abnormalities during fission yeast sexual reproduction identifies a mechanism of actin aster formation for cell fusion
Authors: Dudin Omaya , Merlini Laura , Bendezú Felipe , Groux Raphaël , Vincenzetti Vincent , Martin Sophie G 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn non-motile fungi, sexual reproduction relies on stron morphogenetic changes in response to pheromone signaling. We report here on asystematic screen for morphological abnormalities o the mating process in fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe. We derived a homothallic (self-fertile) collection of viable deletions which, upon visual screening, revealed a plethora of phenotype affecting all stages of the mating process, including cell polarizati cell fusion and sporulation. Cell fusion relies onthe formation of the fusion focus, an aster-like F-actin structure that is marked by stron local accumulation of the myosin V Myo52, which concentrates secretion at the fusion site. A secondaryscreen for fusion-defective mutants identified the myosin V Myo51-associated coiled-coil proteins Rng8 and Rng9 as critical forthe coalescence of the fusion focus Indeed,rng8∆andrng9∆mutant cells exhibitmultiple stable dots a the cell-cell contact site, instead of the single cusfo observed in wildtype. Rng8 and Rng9 accumulate on the fusion focus, depende on Myo51 and tropomyosin Cdc8A. tropomyosin mutant allele, whic compromises Rng8/9 localization but not actin binding, similarly lea to multiple stable dots instead of a single focus.By contrast,myo51deletion does not strongly affect fusion focus coalescenceWe. propose that focusing of the actinfilaments in the fusionaster primarily relies on Rng8/9-dependent cross-linking of tropomyosin-actin filaments.