bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural children’s work and school education in the context of rapid economic growth in South Korea
Authors: Kim Chae-Young , Montgomery Heather 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how children’s work, defined in a broad sense, and the related values and attitudes concerning childhood have evolved in the context of rapid economic growth in South Korea. It discusses how ideas about children’s activities and their status and relationships within the family have changed and how children’s roles and responsibilities are seen by members of different generations. It interrogates the changing ideas of work in contemporary children’s lives and presents data from a relatively under-researched part of the world.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on semi-structured interviews with a mixed age group of people, including children, in a rural community in South Korea.

Findings
In decisions over their work and schooling during their childhoods, most adults did not appear to have shown any apparent agency with this passivity reflecting the cultural norms of the times. Conversely, rural children today often choose not to work but may not be able to exercise similar agency over their schooling. The research suggests a distinct generational change in the schooling experience with this going from being relatively unimportant, and sometimes unaffordable, to becoming universal and essential.

Research limitations/implications
Interviewing adults and children about what they do now or did in the past poses methodological problems. As the researchers found “child- friendly” or “child-centred” methods impractical in the particular research context, relaxed and semi-structured interviews were used with the children. The adult interviews presented different challenges: a lack of other sources of data meant that primary sources of evidence had to be recollections of past events. This means such recollections of childhoods may be mediated by an “adult” perspective and susceptible to bias. Current life circumstances may also determine the interpretive contexts through which they tell their stories and influence how they view the past.

Originality/value
Internationally published research on South Korean childhoods is limited, with most focusing on the education system and the associated issues. Research of this type also rarely examines children's own views, their lives outside of school and the choices they make in their family contexts. This paper examines these under-researched areas.
Local childcare policy and the changing gender contract
Authors: Sihto Tiina 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the changes in local childcare policy that have taken place between the years 2008 and 2016 in the city of Jyväskylä, Finland, and to study how the local gender contract for women is being reshaped via these transformations in local policy.

Design/methodology/approach
Case study was applied as a research strategy. Local and national level statistics were used to explore the use of childcare services. Documents regarding the decision-making and administration of childcare in the city were analysed to distinguish the local policy changes during the time period. These documents include city budgets and records from the two municipal boards that have held the administrative responsibility of local childcare policy. The analysis of the data was conducted by using document analysis and feminist content analysis as a methodological framework.

Findings
The results show that the overall development in local childcare policy has been towards cutbacks in childcare services and benefits, and towards the marketisation of childcare services. The city has also implemented new, locally specific childcare policies, which constitute a hybrid form of marketisation and neofamilism. Together these developments are creating a new local gender contract, which goes beyond the past previous traditional or modern models. This new local gender contract for women is defined as that of “entrepreneurial homemaker”.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the research on local social policy by identifying the role of local childcare policy in reshaping the gender contract in a Nordic context. This paper advances the theorisation of the concept of gender contract by introducing the “entrepreneurial homemaker” model of gender contract.
Nineteenth-century housing preventive conservation in Edinburgh and its Western European context
Authors: Theodossopoulos Dimitris 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how comprehensive the management of common repairs in the nineteenth-century urban housing in Edinburgh is in the European context. The city experienced a variety of approaches since the 1970s to repairs of exposed decorative elements and the envelope, whose condition is exacerbated by inappropriate interventions and climate change.

Design/methodology/approach
The debate is framed in practice in Western Europe where economy, administration and conservation cultures have been similar since the 1970s: property manager (Glasgow), role of housing agency (Venice), Monumentenwacht’s periodical inspections for subscribers (Flanders), tax incentives (France, Italy, Spain), linking management and procurement (Libretto Casa, Rome) and the emerging concept of preventive conservation.

Findings
Edinburgh has a holistic and technically rich management experience, with a strong educational focus, which shows the immense volume of work required, hampered by the fragmentation of ownership and the small size of the repair industry. Practice can improve in Edinburgh and Europe through increased awareness, tax incentives, regular inspections, legal recognition of the need for maintenance and stepping-up the debate at national, European and political level, towards preventive conservation approaches.

Research limitations/implications
The study profited from direct knowledge of the approach in Edinburgh and other areas, but little has been published on each area outside the local level, so appraisal depended on language knowledge.

Originality/value
This first reading of practice at the European level may be of value to the national agencies referred to, for policy development or European initiatives.
A long-term follow-up of a physician leadership program
Authors: Fassiotto Magali , Maldonado Yvonne , Hopkins Joseph 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
Physician leadership programs serve to develop individual capabilities and to affect organizational outcomes. Evaluations of such programs often focus solely on short-term increases in individual capabilities. The purpose of this paper is to assess long-term individual and organizational outcomes of the Stanford Leadership Development Program.

Design/methodology/approach
There are three data sources for this mixed-methods study: a follow-up survey in 2013-2014 of program participants (n=131) and matched (control) non-participants (n=82) from the 2006 to 2011 program years; promotion and retention data; and qualitative in-person interview data. The authors analyzed survey data across leadership knowledge, skills, and attitudes as well as leadership titles held, following program participation using Pearson’s χ2 test of independence. Using logistic regression, the authors analyzed promotion and retention among participants and non-participants. Finally, the authors applied both a grounded theory approach and qualitative content analysis to analyze interview data.

Findings
Program participants rated higher than non-participants across 25 of 30 items measuring leadership knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and were more likely to hold regional/national leadership titles and to have gained in leadership since program participation. Asian program participants were significantly more likely than Asian non-participants to have been promoted, and women participants were less likely to have left the institution than non-participants. Finally, qualitative interviews revealed the long-term impact of leadership learning and networking, as well as the enduring, sustained impact on the organization of projects undertaken during the program.

Originality/value
This study is unique in its long-term and comprehensive mixed-methods nature of evaluation to assess individual and organizational impact of a physician leadership program.
Modeling the dynamics of technological innovation system in the oil and gas sector
Authors: Azad Sayyed Mohsen , Ghodsypour Seyed Hassan 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to model the relationship between “innovation systems” players and markets to indicate the “innovation functions” behavior during the petrochemical technology life cycle.

Design/methodology/approach
In a general classification, innovation systems are divided into four categories: technical, sectoral, regional and national. If two approaches are hybrid, their benefits would be combined. According to the sectoral structure of the governance model in Iran, in many sectors, such as petrochemical technology, the combination of one another with a sectoral approach is essential. Hence, this paper has introduced a new hybrid approach, called a techno-sectoral innovation system, and has used system dynamics as a methodology and a petrochemical industry as a case study.

Findings
The results predict the functions state of the innovation system and detect activation of innovation motors in each stage of innovation life cycle. Validation is investigated using Monte Carlo simulation that shows the error of the indices is acceptable. It can be concluded that the model is relatively in a development state and the motor of entrepreneurship functions.

Originality/value
This case-based model can help other researchers, as a generic model. It could be customized with the input parameters and relational flows of new cases, and functions (F1-F7) can show the result of each scenario made by the innovation analyst and the policymaker.
Targeting Albumin Binding Function as a Therapy Goal in Liver Failure: Development of a Novel Adsorbent for Albumin Dialysis
Authors: Dominik Adrian , Stange Jan , Baumann Anja K , Pfensig Claudia , Suraj Matthias , Ibrahim Badr , Eggert Martin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLiver failure results in impaired hepatic detoxification combined with diminished albumin synthesis and is associated with secondary organ failure. The accumulation of liver toxins has shown to saturate albumin binding sites. This was previously demonstrated by an in vitro test for albumin binding capacity (ABiC) that has shown to inversely correlate with the established MELD (Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease) score. In this study, we introduced a new adsorbent material for albumin dialysis treatments that improves albumin binding capacity. The new charcoal adsorbent was developed by an evolutionary test schedule. Batch testing of charcoals was performed as steady‐state experiments. The charcoal reflecting the highest increase in albumin binding capacity was then introduced to kinetic models: Perfusion tests were designed to evaluate adsorption capacity and kinetics for liver failure marker toxins. A dynamic recirculation model for liver failure was used for upscaling and comparison against conventional MARS adsorbents as the gold standard in an albumin dialysis setting. Batch tests revealed that powdered activated Hepalbin charcoal displayed the highest ABiC score. Hepalbin charcoal also demonstrated higher adsorptive capacity and kinetics for liver failure marker toxins as determined by perfusion tests. These findings translated to tests of upscaled adsorbents in a dynamic model for liver failure: upscaled Hepalbin adsorbent removes bile acids, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin significantly better than MARS adsorbents and significantly increases ABiC. The novel adsorbent Hepalbin offers a significant improvement over both MARS adsorbents concerning liver failure marker toxin removal and ABiC improvement.
Inadequate sunlight exposure in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Vernia Piero , Burrelli Scotti Giorgia , Dei Giudici Anna , Chiappini Ambra , Cannizzaro Santi , Afferri Maria Teresa , de Carolis Aurora 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVEInadequate sun exposure impairs vitamin D activity and favors low bone density, especially in patients at increased risk for osteoporosis, such as those affected by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, sun exposure was investigated in a large series of patients with IBD in a Mediterranean country, Italy, where this risk is considered less likely to occur than in higher latitudes.METHODSThis is a case‐control study of 292 patients with IBD [132 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 160 with ulcerative colitis (UC)], 80 diseased and 540 healthy controls, conducted via a validated questionnaire to quantify sunlight exposure. Data were also compared with controls matched by age and gender.RESULTSIn total 78 of the 292 patients with IBD had low, 169 had moderate and 45 had high exposure to sunlight, significantly differing from controls (P < 0.001). The 132 patients with CD were more likely to have abnormal levels of sunlight exposure (49 low, 72 moderate and 11 high) than those with UC (29 low, 97 moderate and 34 high) (P < 0.001). The controls were significantly more exposed to sunlight than both men and women with IBD (P < 0.001 and 0.004, respectively).CONCLUSIONSIBD patients are significantly less exposed to sunlight than matched controls in Italy, often to an extent that may impair vitamin D activation. Increasing responsible sunlight exposure, thus promoting adequate vitamin D concentrations, may prove beneficial in IBD, in geographical areas in which this risk factor is not generally taken into consideration.
Proteochemometric modeling of the origin of thymidylate synthase inhibition
Authors: Rasti Behnam , Shahangian Seyyedeh Shirin 
Published: December 2017

Due to its crucial role in DNA synthesis, thymidylate synthase (TS) has been considered as a potential therapeutic target. Inhibition of the enzyme is a promising strategy for the treatment of some hyperproliferative diseases, including infections. As TS species‐specific inhibitors would be able to distinguish between the host and the pathogens, developing highly selective inhibitors is of great clinical importance. TS is among the most highly conserved enzymes over evolutionary history, making the design of its species‐selective inhibitor significantly challenging. The chemical interaction space, governed by a set of non‐selective TS inhibitors, has been explored for human TS and its homologous proteins in both Toxoplasma gondii and Escherichia coli using proteochemometrics modeling (PCM). Validity, robustness, and prediction power of the PCM model have been assessed applying a diverse set of internal/external validation approaches. Our PCM model has provided major structural information, which is indeed of great help to design new TS species‐specific inhibitors with the simultaneous inhibition ability toward both T. gondii and E. coli. To show applicability of the PCM model, new compounds have been designed based on structural information provided by the constructed model. Final results have been very promising with regard to selectivity ratios of the designed compounds for different TS isoforms, confirming the applicability of the PCM model.
Differential Associations of Distinct Forms of Childhood Adversity With Neurobehavioral Measures of Reward Processing: A Developmental Pathway to Depression
Authors: Dennison Meg J. , Rosen Maya L. , Sambrook Kelly A. , Jenness Jessica L. , Sheridan Margaret A. , McLaughlin Katie A. 
Published: December 2017

Childhood adversity is associated with altered reward processing, but little is known about whether this varies across distinct types of adversity. In a sample of 94 children (6–19 years), we investigated whether experiences of material deprivation, emotional deprivation, and trauma have differential associations with reward‐related behavior and white matter microstructure in tracts involved in reward processing. Material deprivation (food insecurity), but not emotional deprivation or trauma, was associated with poor reward performance. Adversity‐related influences on the integrity of white matter microstructure in frontostriatal tracts varied across childhood adversity types, and reductions in frontostriatal white matter integrity mediated the association of food insecurity with depressive symptoms. These findings document distinct behavioral and neurodevelopmental consequences of specific forms of adversity that have implications for psychopathology risk.
Gaming to improve vision: 21st century self‐monitoring for patients with age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Razavi Hessom , Baglin Elizabeth , Sharangan Pyrawy , Caruso Emily , Tindill Nicole , Griffin Susan , Guymer Robyn 
Published: December 2017

AbstractImportanceImproved vision self‐monitoring tools are required for people at risk of neovascular complications from age related macular degeneration (AMD).Backgroundto report the self‐monitoring habits of participants with intermediate AMD using the Amsler grid chart, and the use of personal electronic devices and gameplay in this over 50 year old cohort.Designsingle‐centre descriptive study carried out at the Centre for Eye Research (CERA), Melbourne, Australia.Participants140 participants over 50 years of age, with a diagnosis of intermediate AMD and best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of ≥6/12 in each eye.Methodsstructured questionnaire survey of participants who were enrolled in natural history of AMD studies at CERA.Main outcome measuresfrequency of vision self‐monitoring using the Amsler grid chart, and frequency of general use of personal electronic devices and gameplay.ResultsOf 140 participants with mean age of 70.5 years, 83.6% used an Amsler grid chart, but only 39.3% used it once per week. Most participants (91.4%) used one or more personal electronic devices. Of these, over half (54.7%) played games on them, among whom 39% played games once a day. Of participants aged 50–69 years, 92% (95%CI 85.1–98.9) were willing to play a game to monitor their vision, compared to 78% (95%CI 69.0–87.0) of those aged 70 years and older (P < 0.05).Conclusions and Relevancea large proportion of AMD patients already use personal electronic devices. Gamification techniques are likely to increase compliance with self‐monitoring, leading to earlier detection in the next generation of patients with neovascular AMD.
Corneal hysteresis and anterior segment optical coherence tomography anatomical parameters in primary angle closure suspects
Authors: Hussnain Syed Amal , Kovacs Kyle D , Warren Joshua L , Teng Christopher C 
Published: December 2017

AbstractImportanceCorneal hysteresis (CH) is a dynamic marker of structural and functional changes in the cornea associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness, but its utility in assessing primary angle closure suspects (PACS) has not been fully elucidated.BackgroundThis study assesses if anterior segment measurements correlate with CH in PACS patients.DesignIRB‐approved retrospective review of imaging and records at a university practice.ParticipantsSixty‐three eyes from 37 patients diagnosed as PACS, without other ocular pathology.MethodsEvery eye underwent measurements including: ocular response analyzer (ORA), anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and a clinical evaluation. ORA measurements were correlated with other anatomic parameters using a mixed effects multivariable linear regression framework.Main Outcome MeasuresORA measurements included: CH, corneal resistance factor, Goldmann IOP (IOPg) and corneal compensated IOP (IOPcc). Anterior segment OCT measurements included: central corneal thickness (CCTOCT), nasal and temporal peripheral corneal thicknesses (PCT1 and PCT2), anterior chamber depth (ACD), nasal angle to temporal angle distance (ATA) and temporal and nasal angle measurements. Clinical measurements included: central corneal thickness via pachymetry, IOP measured by Goldmann applanation, axial length by A‐scan ultrasound and spherical equivalent.ResultsCH was negatively correlated with IOPcc, and ACD CH was positively correlated with CCTOCT, CCTp, CRF, PCT1 and PCT2. Females were found to have lower CH. In multivariable regression controlling for gender, CCT, PCT, IOP and ACD, no correlation was seen between CH and anatomic measurements.Conclusions and RelevanceCH values in PACS do not correlate with anterior segment anatomy.
Injectable simvastatin gel for minimally invasive periosteal distraction: In vitro and in vivo studies in rat
Authors: Hao Jia , Chou Joshua , Kuroda Shinji , Otsuka Makoto , Kasugai Shohei , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate whether the subperiosteal injection of simvastatin (SIM) with a novel in situ gel‐forming system, SrHA/Alg (strontium hydroxyapatite/alginate), can stimulate vertical bone augmentation in a rat calvarial model.Material and methodsThe SrHA/Alg solution was synthesized and combined with different doses of SIM (0.01, 0.02, 0.1, and 0.2 mg) to form the following groups: (1) SrHA/Alg only, (2) SrHA/Alg/0.01, (3) SrHA/Alg/0.02, (4) SrHA/Alg/0.1, and (5) SrHA/Alg/0.2. The SIM release pattern was analyzed, and rat primary periosteum‐derived cell (PDC) responses were investigated. Twenty male Wistar rats were enrolled in the calvarial subperiosteal injection experiment with each animal receiving a 200‐μl single subperiosteal injection of SrHA/Alg with different amounts of SIM (0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.1 mg) incorporated (n = 5). The 0.2 mg dose group was not tested in vivo due to the severe toxicity found in vitro. The new bone formation was assessed histologically and radiologically at 8 weeks.ResultsThe slow release of SIM was confirmed, and PDC viability decreased in the SrHA/Alg/0.2 group. Alkaline phosphatase positive areas and mineralization areas were significantly greater in the SrHA/Alg/0.01 and SrHA/Alg/0.02 groups (p < .05). The mRNA expression level of Runx2 significantly increased in the SrHA/Alg/SIM‐0.02 group by day 7 (p < .05) and significantly higher levels of VEGF were found in the SrHA/Alg/0.01 and SrHA/Alg/0.02 groups at different time points (p < .05). In vivo, no prominent clinical sign of inflammation was observed, and the most significant bone gain was shown in the SrHA/Alg/0.02 group (p < .05). The osteoclast formation within the newly formed bone area was reduced in the SrHA/Alg/0.1 group (p < .05).ConclusionsWhen combined with SrHA/Alg system, the 0.02 mg SIM seemed to be the optimal dose to stimulate subperiosteal bone formation without inducing inflammation. This combination may hold potential therapeutic benefits for clinical bone augmentation in a minimally invasive manner.