bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of ocular hemodynamics and intracranial pressure on intraocular pressure during acute gravitational changes
Authors: Nelson Emily S. , Mulugeta Lealem , Feola Andrew , Raykin Julia , Myers Jerry G. , Samuels Brian C. , Ethier C. Ross 
Published: May 2017

Exposure to microgravity causes a bulk fluid shift toward the head, with concomitant changes in blood volume/pressure, and intraocular pressure (IOP). These and other factors, such as intracranial pressure (ICP) changes, are suspected to be involved in the degradation of visual function and ocular anatomical changes exhibited by some astronauts. This is a significant health concern. Here, we describe a lumped-parameter numerical model to simulate volume/pressure alterations in the eye during gravitational changes. The model includes the effects of blood and aqueous humor dynamics, ICP, and IOP-dependent ocular compliance. It is formulated as a series of coupled differential equations and was validated against four existing data sets on parabolic flight, body inversion, and head-down tilt (HDT). The model accurately predicted acute IOP changes in parabolic flight and HDT, and was satisfactory for the more extreme case of inversion. The short-term response to the changing gravitational field was dominated by ocular blood pressures and compliance, while longer-term responses were more dependent on aqueous humor dynamics. ICP had a negligible effect on acute IOP changes. This relatively simple numerical model shows promising predictive capability. To extend the model to more chronic conditions, additional data on longer-term autoregulation of blood and aqueous humor dynamics are needed.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A significant percentage of astronauts present anatomical changes in the posterior eye tissues after spaceflight. Hypothesized increases in ocular blood volume and intracranial pressure (ICP) in space have been considered to be likely factors. In this work, we provide a novel numerical model of the eye that incorporates ocular hemodynamics, gravitational forces, and ICP changes. We find that changes in ocular hemodynamics govern the response of intraocular pressure during acute gravitational change.
Inflammatory responses to acute elevations of carbon dioxide in mice
Authors: Thom Stephen R. , Bhopale Veena M. , Hu JingPing , Yang Ming 
Published: May 2017

Health risks are described from elevated indoor air carbon dioxide (CO2), which often ranges from 1,000 to 4,000 ppm, but the mechanisms are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mice exposed for 2 h to 2,000 or 4,000 ppm CO2exhibit, respectively, 3.4 ± 0.9-fold (SE, n = 6) and 4.1 ± 0.7-fold ( n = 10) elevations in circulating microparticles (MPs); neutrophil and platelet activation, and vascular leak in brain, muscle, and distal colon. Interleukin (IL)-1β content of MPs also increases after 2,000 ppm by 3.8 ± 0.6-fold ( n = 6) and after 4,000 ppm CO2by 9.3 ± 1.1-fold ( n = 10) greater than control. CO2–induced vascular damage is abrogated by treating mice with an antibody to IL-1β or an IL-1β receptor inhibitor. Injecting naïve mice with CO2-induced MPs expressing a protein found on mature neutrophils recapitulates vascular damage as seen with elevated CO2, and destruction of MPs in CO2-exposed mice abrogates vascular injuries without altering neutrophil or platelet activation. We conclude that environmentally relevant elevations of CO2trigger neutrophils to generate MPs containing high concentrations of IL-1β that cause diffuse inflammatory vascular injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Elevated levels of CO2are often found in indoor air and cause adverse health effects, but the mechanisms have not been identified. In a murine model, environmentally relevant levels of CO2were found to cause diffuse vascular damage because neutrophils are stimulated to produce microparticles that contain high concentrations of interleukin-1β.
Intratumoral Injection of HSV1716, an Oncolytic Herpes Virus, Is Safe and Shows Evidence of Immune Response and Viral Replication in Young Cancer Patients
Authors: Streby Keri A. , Geller James I. , Currier Mark A. , Warren Patrick S. , Racadio John M. , Towbin Alexander J. , Vaughan Michele R. , Triplet Melinda , Ott-Napier Kristy , Dishman Devon J. , Backus Lori R. , Stockman Beth , Brunner Marianne , Simpson Kathleen , Spavin Robert , Conner Joe , Cripe Timothy P. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Purpose: HSV1716 is an oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) studied in adults via injection into the brain and superficial tumors. To determine the safety of administering HSV1716 to pediatric patients with cancer, we conducted a phase I trial of image-guided injection in young patients with relapsed or refractory extracranial cancers.
Experimental Design: We delivered a single dose of 105 to 107 infectious units of HSV1716 via computed tomography–guided intratumoral injection and measured tumor responses by imaging. Patients were eligible for up to three more doses if they achieved stable disease. We monitored HSV-1 serum titers and shedding by PCR and culture.
Results: We administered a single dose of HSV1716 to eight patients and two doses to one patient. We did not observe any dose-limiting toxicities. Adverse events attributed to virus included low-grade fever, chills, and mild cytopenias. Six of eight HSV-1 seronegative patients at baseline showed seroconversion on day 28. Six of nine patients had detectable HSV-1 genomes by PCR in peripheral blood appearing on day +4 consistent with de novo virus replication. Two patients had transient focal increases in metabolic activity on 18fluorine-deoxyglucose PET, consistent with inflammatory reactions. In one case, the same geographic region that flared later appeared necrotic on imaging. No patient had an objective response to HSV1716.
Conclusions: Intratumoral HSV1716 is safe and well-tolerated without shedding in children and young adults with late-stage, aggressive cancer. Viremia consistent with virus replication and transient inflammatory reactions hold promise for future HSV1716 studies. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3566–74. ©2017 AACR.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Saphenous Vein Graft
Authors: Redfors Björn , Généreux Philippe , Witzenbichler Bernhard , McAndrew Thomas , Diamond Jamie , Huang Xin , Maehara Akiko , Weisz Giora , Mehran Roxana , Kirtane Ajay J. , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: May 2017

Background—
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) has historically been associated with a high risk of adverse ischemic events, but there is a paucity of contemporary data on the second-generation drug-eluting stent use within SVG, and the relative importance of high platelet reactivity (HPR) in SVG PCI versus native lesion PCI is unknown. We studied ischemic and bleeding events after SVG PCI and their association with HPR.

Methods and Results—

Subjects in the prospective, multicenter ADAPT-DES study (Assessment of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents) were stratified according to whether they had PCI of an SVG or a non-SVG lesion. Two-year outcomes were compared between groups using univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. HPR was defined as on-clopidogrel P2Y12 platelet reaction units >208 as measured by the VerifyNow assay; major adverse cardiac events were defined as the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis. Among 8582 subjects in ADAPT-DES, 405 (4.7%) had SVG PCI. SVG PCI was independently associated with a higher 2-year risk of major adverse cardiac events (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.69–3.23;
P
<0.0001), ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–2.42;
P
<0.0001), and stent thrombosis (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.42–3.59;
P
=0.0006), but not of bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.68–1.46;
P
=0.97). There was no statistical interaction between HPR and SVG PCI in regard to major adverse cardiac events (adjusted
P
interaction
=0.99).

Conclusions—
SVG PCI is associated with a considerably higher risk of 2-year adverse ischemic events, with HPR conferring similar risk in SVG and non-SVG PCI. More potent and longer antiplatelet therapy may be beneficial for patients undergoing SVG PCI.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00638794.
Geographical Difference of the Interaction of Sex With Treatment Strategy in Patients With Multivessel Disease and Left Main Disease
Authors: Sotomi Yohei , Onuma Yoshinobu , Cavalcante Rafael , Ahn Jung-Min , Lee Cheol Whan , van Klaveren David , de Winter Robbert J. , Wykrzykowska Joanna J. , Farooq Vasim , Morice Marie-Claude , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Park Seung-Jung , Serruys Patrick W. 
Published: May 2017

Background—
The impact of sex on clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass graft for patients with multivessel coronary disease and unprotected left main disease could be dissimilar between Western and Asian populations.

Methods and Results—

To assess clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft in women and men with multivessel coronary disease and unprotected left main disease, a pooled analysis (n=3280) was performed using the patient-level data from 3 large randomized trials: SYNTAX (Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery), PRECOMBAT (Bypass Surgery Versus Angioplasty Using Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in Patients With Left Main Coronary Artery Disease), and BEST (Bypass Surgery and Everolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation in the Treatment of Patients with Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease) trials. The primary end point was all-cause death. Of 3280 patients, 794 patients (24.2%) were women. The median follow-up period was 1806 days (1611–1837 days). In women, a high heterogeneity of the treatment effect among the 3 trials was found for all-cause death (
I
2
>50%), whereas in men, it was consistent across the 3 trials. In the Western trial (SYNTAX), female sex favored coronary artery bypass graft compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (hazard ratio
(percutaneous coronary intervention)
2.213; 95% confidence interval, 1.242–3.943;
P
=0.007), whereas in the Asian women (PRECOMBAT and BEST), the treatment effect was neutral between both strategies. Sex interaction with treatment strategy was evident in the Western trial (
P
interaction
=0.019) but not in the Asian trials (PRECOMBAT
P
interaction
=0.469 and BEST
P
interaction
=0.472;
I
2
=58%).

Conclusions—
The present meta-analysis suggested the presence of the heterogeneous sex–treatment interaction across Asian and Western trials. Considering the ongoing globalization of our medical practice, the heterogeneity of the sex–treatment interaction needs to be well recognized and taken into account during the decision making of the treatment strategy.

Clinical Trial Registrations—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT00114972, NCT00997828, NCT00422968.
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Class I Guidelines for the Treatment of Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk: Implications for US Hispanics/Latinos Based on Findings From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Qureshi Waqas T. , Kaplan Robert C. , Swett Katrina , Burke Gregory , Daviglus Martha , Jung Molly , Talavera Gregory A. , Chirinos Diana A. , Reina Samantha A. , Davis Sonia , Rodriguez Carlos J. 
Published: May 2017

Background

The prevalence estimates of statin eligibility among Hispanic/Latinos living in the United States under the new 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (
ACC
/
AHA
) cholesterol treatment guidelines are not known.

Methods and Results

We estimated prevalence of statin eligibility under 2013
ACC
/
AHA
and 3rd National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (
NCEP
/
ATP III
) guidelines among Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (n=16 415; mean age 41 years, 40% males) by using sampling weights calibrated to the 2010 US census. We examined the characteristics of Hispanic/Latinos treated and not treated with statins under both guidelines. We also redetermined the statin‐therapy eligibility by using black risk estimates for Dominicans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, and Central Americans. Compared with
NCEP
/
ATP III
guidelines, statin eligibility increased from 15.9% (95%
CI
15.0–16.7%) to 26.9% (95%
CI
25.7–28.0%) under the 2013
ACC
/
AHA
guidelines. This was mainly driven by the ≥7.5% atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk criteria (prevalence 13.9% [95%
CI
13.0–14.7%]). Of the participants eligible for statin eligibility under
NCEP
/
ATP III
and
ACC
/
AHA
guidelines, only 28.2% (95%
CI
26.3–30.0%) and 20.6% (95%
CI
19.4–21.9%) were taking statins, respectively. Statin‐eligible participants who were not taking statins had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors compared with statin‐eligible participants who were taking statins. There was no significant increase in statin eligibility when atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk was calculated by using black estimates instead of recommended white estimates (increase by 1.4%,
P
=0.12) for Hispanic/Latinos.

Conclusions

The eligibility of statin therapy increased consistently across all Hispanic/Latinos subgroups under the 2013
ACC
/
AHA
guidelines and therefore will potentially increase the number of undertreated Hispanic/Latinos in the United States.
Genetic Drivers of von Willebrand Factor Levels in an Ischemic Stroke Population and Association With Risk for Recurrent Stroke
Authors: Williams Stephen R. , Hsu Fang-Chi , Keene Keith L. , Chen Wei-Min , Dzhivhuho Godfrey , Rowles Joe L. , Southerland Andrew M. , Furie Karen L. , Rich Stephen S. , Worrall Bradford B. , Sale Michèle M. 
Published: May 2017

Background and Purpose—
von Willebrand factor (vWF) plays an important role in thrombus formation during cerebrovascular damage. We sought to investigate the potential role of circulating vWF in recurrent cerebrovascular events and identify genetic contributors to variation in vWF level in an ischemic stroke population.

Methods—
We analyzed the effect of circulating vWF on risk of recurrent stroke using survival models in the VISP trial (Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention) and the use of vWF in reclassification over traditional factors. We conducted a genome-wide association study) with imputation, based on 1000 Genomes Project data, for circulating vWF levels and then interrogated loci previously associated with vWF levels. We performed expression quantitative trait locus analysis for vWF across different tissues.

Results—

Elevated vWF levels were associated with increased risk for recurrent stroke in VISP. Adding vWF to traditional clinical parameters also improved recurrent stroke risk prediction. We identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with circulating vWF at the
ABO
locus (
P
<5×10
−8
) and replicated findings from previous genetic associations of vWF levels in humans. Expression quantitative trait locus analyses demonstrate that most associated
ABO
single-nucleotide polymorphisms were also associated with
vWF
gene expression.

Conclusions—

Elevated vWF levels are associated with recurrent stroke in VISP. In the VISP population, genetic determinants of vWF levels that impact
vWF
gene expression were identified. These data add to our knowledge of the pathophysiologic and genetic basis for recurrent stroke risk and may have implications for clinical care decision making.
An Approach to Simulate the Effects of Antenna Patterns on Polarimetric Variable Estimates
Authors: Ivić Igor R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOne of the main challenges of using phased array radar for weather observations is the implementation of dual polarization with acceptable errors of polarimetric variable estimates. This is because the differences between the copolar antenna patterns at the horizontal and vertical polarizations, as well as cross-polar fields, can introduce unacceptable measurement biases, as the main beam is electronically steered away from the principal planes. Because the sufficient cross-polar isolation is difficult to achieve by the phased array antenna hardware and because the copolar as well as cross-polar patterns inevitably vary with each beam position, it is crucial to properly evaluate errors of estimates due to radiation patterns. Herein, a method that combines the measured or simulated radiation patterns and simulated time series is introduced. The method is suited for phased array and parabolic antennas, and it allows for evaluation of radiation-pattern-induced polarimetric variable biases and standard deviations specific to the antenna used to produce the patterns. The method can be used either as an alternative to a well-established approach using analytical derivations or as a tool for cross validation of the bias computations. For standard deviation evaluation in the presence of antenna cross-polar fields, the analytical approach becomes overly complex, which inexorably leads to the introduction of numerous approximations to obtain the results. These approximations inevitably compromise the accuracy of such computations. The method proposed herein avoids such approximations and therefore provides a valuable tool for accurate assessment of polarimetric measurement precision.
Determining Criteria for Missed Events to Evaluate Significant Severe Convective Outlooks
Authors: Hitchens Nathan M. , Brooks Harold E. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Among the Storm Prediction Center’s (SPC) probabilistic convective outlook products are forecasts specifically targeted at significant severe weather: tornadoes that produce EF2 or greater damage, wind gusts of at least 75 mi h−1, and hail with diameters of 2 in. or greater. During the period of 2005–15, for outlooks issued beginning on day 3 and through the final update to the day 1 forecast, the accuracy and skill of these significant severe outlooks are evaluated. To achieve this, criteria for the identification of significant severe weather events were developed, with a focus on determining days for which outlooks were not issued, but should have been based on the goals of the product. Results show that significant tornadoes and hail are generally well identified by outlooks, but significant wind events are underforecast. There exist differences between verification measures when calculating them based on 1) only those days for which outlooks were issued and 2) days with outlooks or missed events; specifically, there were improvements in the frequency of daily skillful forecasts when disregarding missed events. With the greatest number of missed events associated with significant wind events, forecasts for this hazard are identified as an area of future focus for the SPC.
Development of a return-to-work planning tool for cancer survivors
Authors: Amin Leila , Stergiou-Kita Mary , Jones Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2017

Background. The ability to return to work (RTW) after a cancer diagnosis can present significant challenges for survivors and can be an important predictor of their long-term quality of life. Survivors report concerns related to disclosing their cancer diagnosis, describing ongoing late effects of cancer, and negotiating workplace accommodations. Purpose. This paper outlines the development of an RTW planning template (RTW-PT) designed to improve communication with stakeholders involved in the RTW process. Lessons learned throughout the process of developing the RTW-PT and implications for clinical practice are presented. Key Issues. The RTW-PT assists the survivor and his or her health care provider to prioritize job demands during a graded RTW and to identify potential accommodations. The RTW-PT also helps survivors plan how they will communicate their RTW needs, particularly with employers and insurance representatives. Implications. The RTW-PT offers a structured approach to support communication among stakeholders involved in the RTW process and to assist survivors in negotiating workplace accommodations.
Changing place of death in children who died after discharge from paediatric intensive care units: A national, data linkage study
Authors: Fraser Lorna K , Fleming Sarah , Parslow Roger 
Published: May 2017

Background: Although child mortality is decreasing, more than half of all deaths in childhood occur in children with a life-limiting condition whose death may be expected. Aim: To assess trends in place of death and identify characteristics of children who died in the community after discharge from paediatric intensive care unit. Design: National data linkage study. Setting/participants: All children resident in England and Wales when admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit in the United Kingdom (1 January 2004 and 31 December 2014) were identified in the Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network dataset. Linkage to death certificate data was available up to the end of 2014. Place of death was categorised as hospital (hospital or paediatric intensive care unit) or community (hospice, home or other) for multivariable logistic modelling. Results: The cohort consisted of 110,328 individuals. In all, 7709 deaths occurred after first discharge from paediatric intensive care unit. Among children dying, the percentage in-hospital at the time of death decreased from 83.8% in 2004 to 68.1% in 2014; 852 (0.8%) of children were discharged to palliative care. Children discharged to palliative care were eight times more likely to die in the community than children who died and had not been discharged to palliative care (odds ratio = 8.06 (95% confidence interval = 6.50–10.01)). Conclusions: The proportion of children dying in hospital is decreasing, but a large proportion of children dying after discharge from paediatric intensive care unit continue to die in hospital. The involvement of palliative care at the point of discharge has the potential to offer choice around place of care and death for these children and families.