bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogen-Specific Clustering of Nosocomial Blood Stream Infections in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Reichert Felix , Piening Brar , Geffers Christine , Gastmeier Petra , Bührer Christoph , Schwab Frank 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Nosocomial infections in NICUs tend to cluster, sometimes as devastating outbreaks, but pathogen-specific transmission probabilities are unknown. We aimed to quantify the pathogen-specific risk of a blood stream infection (BSI) in preterm infants after an index case with that pathogen in the same department.

METHODS:
Data of 44 818 infants below 1500 g birth weight of the German NICU surveillance system (2000–2011) were used to calculate the probability of a BSI in the presence or absence of another infant in the same unit with a same-pathogen BSI.

RESULTS:
The relative risk was similar for the more common pathogens, Enterococcus spp (4.3; 95% confidence interval: 2.7–6.9; n = 243), Enterobacter spp (7.9, 5.4–11.4; n = 246), Escherichia coli (7.9; 5.1–12.1; n = 210), Candida albicans (8.7; 5.0–15.4; n = 138), Staphylococcus aureus (9.5; 7.6–12.1; n = 407) and Klebsiella spp (13.1; 9.0–19.1; n = 190) but markedly elevated for Serratia spp (77.5; 41.1–146.1; n = 58) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (64.5; 25.7–162.1; n = 38). Rates of BSI per 100 exposed infants ranged between 2.21 (Enterococcus) and 8.15 (Serratia). The same pattern emerged after adjustments were made for patients’ characteristics or when the analysis was restricted to positive blood cultures during the preceding 30 days.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although BSIs with P aeruginosa or Serratia spp in preterm infants are rare, they are associated with a markedly elevated risk of secondary same-pathogen BSI and should prompt intensified active surveillance and infection control measures.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA MULHERES IDOSAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA/BA
Authors: Oliveira Mércia Mendonça , Reis Luciana Araújo dos , Oliveira Bruna Silva de 
Published: March 2016

(Objetivo) caracterizar a violência contra mulheres idosas no município de Vitória da Conquista/BA. (Metodologia) trata-se de uma pesquisa de ordem quantitativa exploratória, realizada na Delegacia Especializada de Atendimento a Mulher/DEAM de Vitória da Conquista/BA no período de janeiro de 2012 a outubro de 2014, sendo incluído como amostra do estudo todas as mulheres idosas vítimas de violência no tempo definido para a coleta de dados do projeto. (Resultados) constatou-se no presente estudo que a média de idade das idosas avaliadas foi 69,45(±7,98) anos e que houve uma maior frequência de idosas com estado civil de casada (34,0%), com nível de escolaridade referente a não alfabetizada (44,3%) e com renda de 01 salário mínimo (65,1%). Em relação ao tipo de violência verificou-se que houve uma maior distribuição de violência psicológica (50,0%) e física (25,5%). (Conclusão) sendo mais comuns as agressões realizadas por filhos (35,8%) e noras (34,9%). Com base nos resultados verificou-se que os principais tipos de violência sofridos pelos idosos foram a psicológica e física, sendo os filhos e noras os principais agressores.
PREVENÇÃO DO CÂNCER DE COLO UTERINO: MOTIVOS QUE INFLUENCIAM A NÃO REALIZAÇÃO DO EXAME DE PAPANICOLAOU
Authors: Soares Santos Anna Cecilia , Dantas da Silva Varela Claudete 
Published: March 2016

Tendo em vista que o câncer de colo uterino é uma das causas mais importantes de morbidade feminina no Brasil, um dos grandes desafios dos países em desenvolvimento é a ampliação dos programas de prevenção e detecção precoce. O câncer de colo de útero é uma neoplasia que apresenta elevada taxa de incidência e de mortalidade, passível de detecção precoce e de cura quando realizado diagnóstico em seu início. Vários são os fatores de risco que levam ao acometimento desse tipo de neoplasia, tendo o HPV como principal causa. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a importância do exame preventivo e os motivos que levam algumas mulheres a não realizarem o mesmo. Para a elaboração deste trabalho de revisão de literatura foram realizadas buscas em artigos científicos, livros e manuais que descrevessem o câncer, o exame preventivo, e a importância de sua realização para uma redução na incidência de novos casos. Os resultados mostram que a falta de adesão ao preventivo pela população feminina deve-se a fatores como o desconhecimento do câncer uterino, do exame e da sua realização, medo e vergonha e outros de ordem pessoal.
SITUAÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DA COQUELUCHE EM SALVADOR - BAHIA NOS ANOS DE 2012 A 2014
Authors: Santos Ana Maria Cruz , Medeiros Kelly Cerqueira 
Published: March 2016

O presente estudo objetivou descrever a situação epidemiológica da coqueluche no município de Salvador no estado da Bahia nos anos de 2012 a 2014. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa através da utilização de dados secundários disponíveis no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Ministério da Saúde. Os resultados apontam uma evidência elevada de notificações na primeira infância, com maior incidência nos primeiros meses de vida. Frente a esse cenário, o Ministério da Saúde ampliou o público alvo das campanhas de vacinação, incluindo a vacina tríplice acelular para gestantes, visando garantir proteção aos recém-nascidos até que completem o esquema básico de vacinação. Conclui-se que, além do reforço da manutenção de cobertura vacinal, é de suma importância a inclusão da coqueluche nos diagnósticos diferenciais de tosse prolongada, provendo tratamento precoce aos doentes e permitindo a adoção de medidas de controle capazes de prevenir a expansão da doença a indivíduos suscetíveis.
Brokenness / Transformation: Reflections on Academic Critiques of L'Arche
Authors: Burghardt Madeline 
Published: March 2016

L'Arche, an international federation of communities for adults with intellectual disabilities, has been critiqued by disability studies scholars throughout its fifty-year history due to its religiosity, its apparent lack of a rigorous stance on the need to address policy concerning people with disabilities, its philosophy concerning disability's meanings, and features of its language and discourse. I address these concerns as someone who is both an academic and a long-term member of a L'Arche community. While there is historically limited and uneasy interaction between these two communities, I suggest there is potential for mutual and worthwhile exchange from theoretical and practical perspectives.
Comparison, Validation And Implications Of Learning Style Theories In Higher Education In Slovenia: An Experiential And Theoretical Case
Authors: Penger Sandra , Tekavcic Metka , Dimovski Vlado 
Published: March 2016

The learning styles literature is having a revival during last years. Researchers have pointed out that students learn effectively in a harmonic environment and by using teaching aids which match the students learning style preferences (Li et al., 2008). Although learning styles have been heavily researched (Coffield et al., 2004; Reynold & Vince, 2007; Welsh et al., 2007; Hornyak et al., 2007; Herbert & Stenfors, 2007; Sievers, 2007; Hyde, 2007; Kayes A.B., 2007; Kayes D. C., 2007; Garcia et al., 2007; Demirbas & Demirkan, 2007; Armstrong & Mahmud, 2008; Li et al., 2008), little is known about Slovenian students learning styles, especially in the field of management education. The aim of this study is to present, compare, validate and explore the learning styles of students enrolled in the course Economics of education at the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics (FELU) in Slovenia. Another purpose is to better understand the different learning styles among management students in order to develop appropriate teaching and pedagogical strategies for improving management education at FELU. Additionally, the intention of this research is to develop a valid and reliable research questionnaire for further research processes and to set up research instruments as supportive mechanisms in management education and in the development curriculums and syllabuses of new courses. This study method included both a descriptive and an exploratory perspective. In the first part of the study the qualitative meta-analysis method was used to overview the literature background of the study. In the empirical part of the study the factor analysis using the Principle Axes Factoring method was used to extract learning styles. The adapted versions of Honey and Mumfords (1992) Learning Style Questionnaire (LSQ) and Dunn & Dunns (2003) VAK Learning Style Theory (Coffield et al., 2004) were used as instruments in the questionnaire to determine Slovenian students learning styles. For the educators in higher education institution, the challenge is to provide meta-cognitive support for students, enabling them to reflect not just on what they learn but also how and why.
Software-As-A-Service Economics
Authors: Katzan, Jr. Harry , Dowling William A. 
Published: March 2016

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) has been defined as software deployed as a hosted service and accessed over the Internet. This paper covers the democratization and monetization of software services and uses cloud computing as the primary delivery vehicle. Cloud computing represents a contextual shift in how computers are provisioned and accessed. Opportunity and value exists in software-as-a-service for providers and clients, and the economic and technical essentials are reviewed in this paper.
A New Way of Approaching Deepwater Subsea Installations
Authors: Chimisso Claudio , Gustafson Stig 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
On behalf of A6IP S.P.A., a joint venture consisting of Kværner Engineering, Snamprogetti S.P.A. and Technomare S.P.A., is developing a production system and an installation and maintenance system for operation in waters down to 1000m deep.
The Research and Development project is financially supported by the EEC.
The project is named "SAF" (Sistemi per Alti Fondali).
On-Line Condition Monitoring of Stator Winding Insulation in High-Voltage Motors and Generators
Authors: Edwards D. G 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Large electric motors and generators operating at voltages in the range 6.6 kV - 11 kV are vital elements in almost all offshore oil and gas production installations. A high proportion of failures which occur in these machines are due to breakdown of high-voltage stator winding insulation and the cost of the consequent outage is often much more serious in terms of loss of production than the actual repair cost. There is thus a clear potential advantage in the application of condition monitoring to give early warning of degradation or failure so that remedial work may be carried out at a time of the operator's choosing rather than as an emergency repair.
Techniques which were developed for the purpose of condition monitoring of high-voltage machines have been available for many years and are widely applied but they are essentially off-line techniques, i.e. the machine to be tested must be stopped and isolated from its normal high-voltage power supply. There are a number of disadvantages associated with this procedure, the most obvious being that the machine is out of service and not available for production. Also the test equipment is inherently large and heavy, since it must be capable of exciting the stator winding to rated voltage at least, so that access to site may present problems. The tests are therefore carried out infrequently with the risk that a rapidly developing fault may not be detected before failure occurs.
From a diagnostic viewpoint, an off-line measurement of insulation condition has the drawback that the test conditions are artificial, in that the distribution of voltage in the winding is quite different from normal service, and that the characteristics displayed by the machine are therefore not those which it generates in normal service.
A Piggable Intervention Plug
Authors: Towers-Perkins P. H , Luff R. E , Patel K. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Until recently, the cutting of an installed subsea pipeline was a comparatively rare event, usually necessitated by the installation of a tie-in or repair of a damaged section. However, with the possibility of subsea emergency shutdown valves (ESV's) being required on many lines in the near future, many operators are reviewing not only the currently available ESV's but also intervention systems.
The primary element of any intervention system is a plug or other device to isolate a section of pipeline. The functions of the plug are:
– To isolate divers and equipment working on a section of pipeline from pressure surges in the remainder of the line. – To dispense with the need to flood the line with water prior to intervention. A gas line can take several weeks to dry out after flooding, which is obviously an undesirable situation.
Some manufacturers have proposed plugs capable of withstanding full line pressure, so that a gas pipeline, for example, would not need to be depressurised prior to intervention. Since most ESV's will require diver assistance for installation, most operators and other interested parties have advocated the use of low pressure plugs, thus reducing risks to divers but requiring pipeline depressurization.
Queenston Formation Completion Design Study, West Auburn Field, New York
Authors: Kimmich K. C. , Ward T. L. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
In 1988, an extensive completion design study of the Queenston Formation near Auburn, New York, was conducted by Meridian Exploration Corporation, as operator of the ongoing West Auburn and Waterloo field developments. This study was initiated as a result of the subnormal production response of several wells completed in 1987 which have normal geologic characteristics.
This report describes the chronology of the testing program which results in the change from a limited - entry technique, which also had been widely used by other operators in the area, to a staged completion technique.
The overall completion cost changes very little in comparison to the prior design. Six months production history indicates that fracture performance has improved significantly.
Decline Curve Analysis in Composite Reservoirs
Authors: Turki L. , Demski J. A. , Grader A. S. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper presents the parametric behavior of a constant pressure well in the center of a two-composite reservoir with wellbore skin. For infinite composite reservoirs, the effects of mobility ratio, storativity ratio, wellbore skin, and the discontinuity distance on rate decline and cumulative influx are described. For bounded reservoirs, the effects of the outer boundary distance are presented. Type curves for the dimensionless wellbore flow rate in both infinite and bounded composite reservoirs are provided. These type curves are to be used for log-log type curve matching. An analysis method that comprises conventional semi-log analysis and log-log type curve matching to determine the dimensionless variables is proposed, and is tested and demonstrated with simulated data.
Rate decline and rate decline derivatives of a constant pressure well are presented for infinite, constant pressure outer boundary, and closed outer boundary homogeneous reservoirs. A rate derivative type curve is provided for these cases as well. This type curve complements the rate decline curves presented by Fetkovich. The effects of the dimensionless reservoir exterior radius are discussed. Rate decline and rate decline derivatives of a constant pressure well in an infinite composite reservoir are also presented. For composite reservoirs, the effects of mobility ratios and discontinuity distance on both rate decline and rate decline derivatives are presented. Type curves for dimensionless wellbore flowrate derivatives for infinite composite reservoirs are provided. A new correlating group for the derivative type curve is provided, and is different than the correlating group for the rate type curve presented in the past. Finally, an analysis method that comprises type curve and derivative type curve matching to determine the dimensionless variables is proposed and demonstrated with a simulated example.
Three-Dimensional Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation on Personal Computers: Theory and Comparison Studies
Authors: Meyer B. R. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The solution methodology of a three-dimensional hydraulic fracturing simulator (MFRAC-II) for use on personal computers is described. The Simulator is design oriented and user-friendly with menu- driven pre- and post-processors. It has been formulated and structured to be used as an everyday design tool.
The coupled rock and fluid mechanics equations governing fracture propagation are presented. These non-linear partial differential equations are then transformed and solved using integral methods. The criteria for fracture propagation and the effect fracture toughness and confining stress contrast has on fracture propagation are also discussed.
Comparative studies with full 3-D hydraulic fracturing simulators are included to illustrate the diversity of MFRAC-II. These comparison studies range from fractures dominated by pure rock mechanics (fracture toughness) to fractures dominated by viscous driven fluids. The fractures range from highly uncontained to very well contained fractures (1/3 ⩽ L/H ➝ ∞).
Gravel Packing in Poorly Lithified Reservoirs: Laboratory Systems Approach to Aid Decision-Making Strategies
Authors: Gorman I. G. , Balnaves C. , Amaefule J. O. , Kersey D. G. , Manning D. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Economic and effective recovery of hydrocarbons from poorly lithified reservoirs, particularly in offshore regions, can be adversely affected either by failing to gravel pack or by unnecessarily gravel packing a well. The decision to gravel pack can be aided by a laboratory systems approach specifically designed to determine reservoir susceptibility to sand production. This approach intergrates engineering and geological tests to determine the effects of anticipated production rates on reservoir sand production at variable WOR.
These tests include:
Petrographic evaluations of reservoir sanding potential including grain size and shape, uniformity coefficient and degree of lithification. Wettability determination for fines, sand and gravel, to ascertain fluid phases in which fines/sand particles would be transported. Measurement of two-phase critical velocity, as a function of WOR, at reservoir conditions to establish maximum production rates before fines and sand will be fluidized. Acoustical measurement (vp, vs) to calculate critical drawdown pressures for shear failure in poorly lithified rocks at reservoir conditions.
If this system analysis indicates a gravel pack is needed to alleviate anticipated sanding problems, gravel grain size and gravel pack permeability can be determined to calculate expected gross production rate.
Specific examples are presented to document the efficiency of laboratory procedures in aiding the decision to gravel pack.
Optimization of Flow Rate Selection for Kick Control in Deep Waters
Authors: Negrão A. F. , Maidla E. E. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
A mathematical model was developed to predict the pressure variation in the choke line and the annular region of the well during a well control situation that takes place after a kick occurrence while drilling.
The results showed that, in deep waters, the kick could be circulated out of the well at usual killing pump rates and that in most cases it is needles to use the cement pump (for lower kill rates) but that a quick check can be done using the procedure outlined in the paper.
Application of Bimodal Porosity Concepts to the Development of Log Interpretation Models
Authors: Blakeman E. R. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Bimodal porosity is given a definition that is based on a mobility-of-fluids concept. In view of this definition, the porosity systems of all water wet reservoirs have two parts. Microporosity is that portion of porosity that does not measurably contribute to permeability whereas the remaining portion, macroporosity, controls permeability and relative permeabilities. This division of porosity into its two parts can be made with special relative permeability measurements or it can be approximately determined from capillary pressure data. For log analysis, this is an important division to make. There is a better correlation of permeability to macroporosity than to total porosity which could be important to economic evaluations and might facilitate the prediction of flow rate. When relative permeabilities are correlated to macro water saturations, instead of total water saturations, the ability to predict water cut should be improved.
In addition to the bound water that is adsorbed to clay surfaces, most clays also retain capillary bound water due to the small dimensions between clay particles. Where there is sufficient height of hydrocarbon column, hydrocarbon can displace the capillary bound water and be stored in clay porosity. There is conceptual reason to believe that, in some cases, the production of that hydrocarbon might not leave behind any residual hydrocarbon.
Capillary bound water can be a significant part of the electrical conductance of clays, a fact that is not acknowledged in most log analysis models. Displacement of capillary bound water by a hydrocarbon can affect the clay's contribution to the rock's electrical properties both in terms of changes in electrical conductance and in changes in water saturation. When these changes occur in different proportion to each other than occurs in other parts of the pore system, nonlinearity may result in Archie's saturation exponent (n).
These concepts, and others that develop from them, may stimulate the development of new log analysis models.
An Integrated Approach for Reservoir Description Using Seismic, Borehole, and Geologic Data
Authors: Martinez R. D. , Cornish B. E. , Seymour R. H. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The contribution that seismic data can make to the structural and stratigraphic model of a reservoir and, in some favourable cases, to delineate fluid contacts is well known. However, lithologic control in reservoir simulation models frequently are limited to information gathered at wells. Any advance in interwell correlation will strengthen the validity of the models. A practical constrained inversion technique is proposed by which a seismic survey can be used to improve the estimates of lithology and porosity in undrilled areas of a reservoir on a scale appropriate for reservoir simulation modeling.
The input data for the constrained inversion technique are wide-band synthetic acoustic logs produced by combining borehole logs, seismic and geological data. The basis of the inversion method is to distribute conventionally interpreted borehole estimates of lithology and porosity throughout a field, guided by the existing seismic-geologic interpretation of the field's structure and stratigraphy. Selected petrophysical relationships and constraints are invoked in an iterative inverse procedure to perturb the lithologic and porosity models by the least amount necessary to explain the seismic data.
The final result is a highly detailed lithologic and porosity model of the field consistent with all available borehole, geologic and seismic data, suitable for use in field evaluation and for building reservoir simulation models. Also, these detailed estimates may be calibrated with core data to provide useful information about the permeability variation throughout the field.
The complete approach is illustrated with a field data example from a prospect where complex reservoirs are present.