bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workforce and destination influence over hospitality industry performance
Authors: Alonso-Almeida María del Mar , Llach Josep , Barquero Jose Daniel , Bremser Kerstin 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
As part of the recent global financial crisis, Europe has experienced a double crisis (financial crisis and Euro crisis) leading to a double dip recession, meaning that the effects of the crisis have been longer and more severe. Tourism, specifically the hospitality industry, is important for the economy of Southern European countries, where the crisis has been the worst. Spain especially depends on tourism as important source of GDP. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify the contributing factors to better manage the crisis impacts and anticipate future impacts.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors examine the performance of a sample of 7,293 Spanish hospitality companies based on data from 2008 to 2011. With the aim of testing the hypotheses, a multivariate regression analysis was performed.

Findings
Results show the importance of a direct effect over both internal (workforce as well as hotel characteristics) and external factors (destination-related GDP spending) for growth, with varying influence across factors. Nevertheless, the most influenced are the moderated effects among the workforce and external variables.

Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to the literature by providing a firm-level analysis (rather than an industry-level analysis) and offers an almost complete picture of a specific geographical area. Future research should address the performance of other tourism industries in times of crisis, such as restaurants and travel agencies, and the relationships between performances in different tourism industries. Regarding the limitations of the paper, the main limitation is associated with the use of panel data from an official database. These include problems in the design, data collection and data management of panel surveys.

Practical implications
These findings help the hospitality industry to understand the relevant drivers and coping strategies associated with the hospitality industry during a financial crisis.

Originality/value
This study is focused on the firm-level analysis instead of an industry-level analysis and can thus give advice to the strategic behaviour of companies.
International diversification and firm performance: a four-stage model
Authors: Ferraris Alberto , Bresciani Stefano , Del Giudice Manlio 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between international diversification (ID) and performance in multinational firms by proposing a new and unified theory of multinationality that incorporates, integrates and extends previous concepts and hypotheses.Design/methodology/approachThe study relies on data concerning the world’s largest companies, derived from the Fortune Global 500. An OLS regression analysis has been carried out in order to test a four-stage relationship between ID and performance.FindingsOn a final sample of 391 multinationals, this paper provides an empirical evidence that support the existence of a four-stage theory by using a relevant sample of “top” multinational firms.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has two main limitations: first, a single indicator was used to measure ID; second, some potential variables have had to be excluded due to data availability.Practical implicationsThis paper offers some intriguing practical implications, as well: first, it points out to some thresholds where performances are higher at certain level of ID; second, it highlights that performance will face two kinds of decreases due to intra-regional and inter-regional liability of foreignness; finally, it individuates differences with regard to some firms’ characteristics such as home or host country’s behaviors and about the kind of industries in which they operate, as well.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies that tests and finds positive evidences about a four-stage theory, regarding to the relationship between ID and performance. Moreover, it proposes other interesting results with regard to the differences between home vs host country-oriented firms and between manufacturing vs services multinational firms.
Show me a strathspey: taking steps to digitize tune collections
Authors: McAulay Karen 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The present paper describes an Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) research project into Scottish fiddle music and the important considerations of music digitization, access and discovery in designing the website that will be one of the project’s enduring outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is a general review of existing online indices to music repertoires and some of the general problems associated with selecting metadata and indexing such material and is a survey of the various recent and contemporary projects into the digital encoding of musical notation for online use.

Findings
The questions addressed during the design of the Bass Culture project database serve to highlight the importance of cooperation between musicologists, information specialists and computer scientists, and the benefits of having researchers with strengths in more than one of these disciplines. The Music Encoding Initiative proves an effective means of providing digital access to the Scottish fiddle tune repertoire.

Originality/value
The digital encoding of music notation is still comparatively cutting-edge; the Bass Culture project is thus a useful exemplar for interdisciplinary collaboration between musicologists, information specialists and computer scientists, and it addresses issues which are likely to be applicable to future projects of this nature.
Precipitation, not air temperature, drives functional responses of trees in semi‐arid ecosystems
Authors: Grossiord Charlotte , Sevanto Sanna , Adams Henry D. , Collins Adam D. , Dickman Lee T. , McBranch Natalie , Michaletz Sean T. , Stockton Elizabeth A. , Vigil Miguel , McDowell Nate G. 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Model scenarios of climate change predict that warming and drought will occur simultaneously in the future in many regions. The capacity of woody species to modify their physiology and morphology in response to environmental conditions is widely recognized, but little is known about the responses of trees to reduced precipitation and increased temperature acting simultaneously.

In a semi‐arid woodland, we assessed the responses in physiological (needle emergence, maximum photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency (WUE) and shoot elongation) and morphological (needle length and thickness, and leaf mass per area (LMA)) foliar traits of piñon pine (Pinus edulis) in response to three years of a 45% reduction in precipitation, a 4.8 °C increase in air temperature and their simultaneous effects.

A strong change in physiological and morphological traits in response to reduced precipitation was observed. Precipitation reduction delayed needle emergence, decreased photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, increased WUE, decreased shoot elongation and induced shorter needles with a higher LMA. Trees subjected to simultaneous reductions in precipitation and warming demonstrated a similar response. However, atmospheric warming did not induce a response in any of the measured traits.

Physiological and morphological traits of trees in this semi‐arid climate were more responsive to changes in soil moisture than air temperature. Long‐term exposure to seasonal drought stress in arid sites may have resulted in strong plastic responses to this first stressor. However, atmospheric warming probably was not experienced as a stress for trees in this warm and dry climate. Overall, our results indicate that in semi‐arid ecosystems where tree functioning is already highly limited by soil water availability, atmospheric warming as anticipated with climate change may have less impact on foliar trait responses than previously thought.
An overview of the biological metal uptake pathways in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Schalk Isabelle J. , Cunrath Olivier 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBiological metal ions, including Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn ions, are necessary for the survival and the growth of all microorganisms. Their biological functions are linked to their particular chemical properties: they play a role in structuring macromolecules and/or act as co‐factors catalyzing diverse biochemical reactions. These metal ions are also essential for microbial pathogens during infection: they are involved in bacterial metabolism and various virulence factor functions. Therefore, during infection, bacteria need to acquire biological metal ions from the host such that there is competition for these ions between the bacterium and the host. Evidence is increasingly emerging of “nutritional immunity” against pathogens in the hosts; this includes strategies making access to metals difficult for infecting bacteria. It is clear that biological metals play key roles during infection and in the battle between the pathogens and the host. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the strategies used by Pseudomonas aeruginosa to access the various biological metals it requires. P. aeruginosa is a medically significant Gram‐negative bacterial opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients and that is responsible for nosocomial infections worldwide.
A monotonically declining elevational pattern of bacterial diversity in freshwater lake sediments
Authors: Zeng Jin , Zhao Dayong , Li Huabing , Huang Rui , Wang Jianjun , Wu Qinglong L. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe distribution patterns of bacterial communities along elevational gradients remain unexplored in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the diversity and community composition of bacteria in the sediments of lakes along a mountainside elevational gradient from 525 to 4 490 m in western China. The bacterial alpha diversity (taxonomic richness and phylogenetic diversity) at different sediment depths decreased monotonically with the increasing elevation, and the beta diversity (dissimilarity between lakes) increased significantly with the increasing elevation distance. Both elevation and chemical variables including pH and carbon/nitrogen ratio were identified as major factors affecting the bacterial diversity. Especially, bacterial alpha/beta diversity was significantly related to both chemical and elevational gradients in the surface sediments, whereas elevation overwhelmed chemical factors in influencing the bacterial alpha/beta diversity in the subsurface sediments. Phylogenetic structure analysis demonstrated that environmental filtering was the most important process affecting the bacterial community assembly along the elevational gradient, and the strength of environmental filtering increased towards high elevations. In summary, we observed for the first time a monotonically decreasing elevational pattern in bacterial diversity of freshwater lake sediments, which is mainly driven by elevation associated environmental factors.
Plant phenolic acids induce programmed cell death of a fungal pathogen: MAPK signaling and survival of Cochliobolus heterostrophus
Authors: Shalaby Samer , Larkov Olga , Lamdan Netta‐Li , Goldshmidt‐Tran Orit , Horwitz Benjamin A. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryPlant aromatic compounds provide signals and a nutrient source to pathogens, and also act as stressors. Structure‐activity relationships suggest two pathways sensing these compounds in the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus, one triggering a stress response, and one inducing enzymes for their degradation. Focusing on the stress pathway, we found that ferulic acid causes rapid appearance of TUNEL‐positive nuclei, dispersion of histone H1:GFP, hyphal shrinkage, and eventually membrane damage. These hallmarks of programmed cell death (PCD) were not seen upon exposure to caffeic acid, a very similar compound. Exposure to ferulic acid dephosphorylated two MAP kinases: Hog1 (stress activated) and Chk1 (pathogenicity related), while increasing phosphorylation of Mps1 (cell integrity related). Mutants lacking Hog1 or Chk1 are hypersensitive to ferulic acid while Mps1 mutants are not. These results implicate three MAPK pathways in the stress response. Ferulic acid and the antifungal fludioxonil have opposite additive effects on survival and on dephosphorylation of Hog1, which is thus implicated in survival. The results may explain why some fungal pathogens of plants undergo cell death early in host invasion, when phenolics are released from plant tissue.
Geochemical and microbial community determinants of reductive dechlorination at a site biostimulated with glycerol
Authors: Atashgahi Siavash , Lu Yue , Zheng Ying , Saccenti Edoardo , Suarez‐Diez Maria , Ramiro‐Garcia Javier , Eisenmann Heinrich , Elsner Martin , J.M. Stams Alfons , Springael Dirk , Dejonghe Winnie , Smidt Hauke 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBiostimulation is widely used to enhance reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes in contaminated aquifers. However, the knowledge on corresponding biogeochemical responses is limited. In this study, glycerol was injected in an aquifer contaminated with cis‐dichloroethene (cDCE), and geochemical and microbial shifts were followed for 265 days. Consistent with anoxic conditions and sulfate reduction after biostimulation, MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed temporarily increased relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes and sulfate reducing Deltaproteobacteria. In line with 13C cDCE enrichment and increased Dehalococcoides mccartyi (Dcm) numbers, dechlorination was observed toward the end of the field experiment, albeit being incomplete with accumulation of vinyl chloride. This was concurrent with (i) decreased concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), reduced relative abundances of fermenting and sulfate reducing bacteria that have been suggested to promote Dcm growth by providing electron donor (H2) and essential corrinoid cofactors, (ii) increased sulfate concentration and increased relative abundance of Epsilonproteobacteria and Deferribacteres as putative oxidizers of reduced sulfur compounds. Strong correlations of DOC, relative abundance of fermenters and sulfate reducers, and dechlorination imply the importance of syntrophic interactions to sustain robust dechlorination. Tracking microbial and environmental parameters that promote/preclude enhanced reductive dechlorination should aid development of sustainable bioremediation strategies.
Effects and mechanisms of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxins for mosquito larvae
Authors: Zhang Qi , Hua Gang , Adang Michael J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis is a Gram‐positive aerobic bacterium that produces insecticidal crystalline inclusions during sporulation phases of the mother cell. The virulence factor, known as parasporal crystals, is composed of Cry and Cyt toxins. Most Cry toxins display a common 3‐domain topology. Cry toxins exert intoxication through toxin activation, receptor binding and pore formation in a suitable larval gut environment. The mosquitocidal toxins of Bt subsp. israelensis (Bti) were found to be highly active against mosquito larvae and are widely used for vector control. Bt subsp. jegathesan is another strain which possesses high potency against broad range of mosquito larvae. The present review summarizes characterized receptors for Cry toxins in mosquito larvae, and will also discuss the diversity and effects of 3‐D mosquitocidal Cry toxin and the ongoing research for Cry toxin mechanisms generated from investigations of lepidopteran and dipteran larvae.
Photokinesis and Djopsin gene expression analysis during the regeneration of planarian eyes
Authors: DONG Zimei , YUWEN Yanqing , SIMA Yingxu , DONG Yanping , ZHAN Huina , CHEN Guangwen , LIU Dezeng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPlanarians provide the ideal model for studying eye development, with their simple eye structure and exceptionally rapid regeneration. Here, we observed the eye morphogenesis, photophobic behavior, spectral sensitivity and expression pattern of Djopsin in the freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica. The results showed that: (i) Djopsin encoding the putative protein belonged to the rhabdomeric opsins group and displayed high conservation during animal evolution; (ii) planarians displayed diverse photophobic response to different visible wavelengths and were more sensitive to light blue (495 nm) and yellow (635 nm); (iii) the morphogenesis and functional recovery of eyes were related to the expression pattern of Djopsin during head regeneration; and (iv) Djopsin gene plays a major role in functional recovery during eye regeneration and visual system maintenance in adult planarians.
Health Policy and Shared Decision Making in Emergency Care: A Research Agenda
Authors: Maughan Brandon C. , Meisel Zachary F. , Venkatesh Arjun K. , Lin Michelle P. , Perry Warren M. , Schuur Jeremiah D. , Pines Jesse M. , Kizzie‐Gillett Constance L. , Vaughan William , Grudzen Corita R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and other laws have promoted the use of shared decision making (SDM) in recent years, few specific policies have addressed the opportunities and challenges of utilizing SDM in the emergency department (ED). Policies relating to physician payment, quality measurement, and medical–legal risks each present unique challenges to adoption of SDM in the ED. This article summarizes findings from a health policy breakout session of the 2016 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference “Shared Decision Making in the Emergency Department: Development of a Policy‐relevant, Patient‐centered Research Agenda.” The objectives were to 1) describe federal and state policies that influence utilization or assessment of SDM; 2) identify policies and policy‐focused knowledge gaps that serve as barriers to adoption of ED SDM; and 3) to define a consensus‐based, policy‐focused research agenda to support adoption of SDM in emergency care.
A survey of various endodontic procedures related to mineral trioxide aggregate usage by members of the Australian Society of Endodontology
Authors: Ha William N. , Duckmanton Peter , Kahler Bill , Walsh Laurence J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study aims to assess education on the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine among members of the Australian Society of Endodontology (ASE), a society of specialist endodontists (ED) and general dentists with an interest in endodontics (GD). The study also aims to compare the procedural preferences relating to perforation repair, apical barrier, root‐end filling and regenerative endodontics. A structured online questionnaire was used, which sought details of the education in the use of MTA and the procedural steps involved in perforation repair, apical barrier, root‐end filling and regenerative endodontics. Fisher's exact test was performed to compare the GD with ED. Responses were received from 208 out of 499 ASE members. Some 40% of the total respondents were ED. Almost all ED (98.8%) and some GD (39.8%) used MTA for perforation repairs. Likewise, almost all ED (96.3%) and some GD (42.7%) used MTA for apical barrier procedures. Lack of experience was more of a barrier to its use for GD (48.7%) than its high cost (31.6%). Few members used Biodentine. Significant differences exist in how MTA is used between GD and ED. Experience in handling MTA is a larger barrier to its widespread use in endodontics than its cost.
Prospective study comparing video‐endoscopic radical inguinal lymph node dissection (VEILND) with open radical ILND (OILND) for penile cancer over an 8‐year period
Authors: Kumar Vivekanandan , Sethia K. Krishna 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo compare the complications and oncological outcomes between video‐endoscopic inguinal lymph node dissection (VEILND) and open ILND (OILND) in men with carcinoma of the penis.Patients and methodsA prospectively collected institutional database was used to determine the outcomes in 42 consecutive patients undergoing ILND between 2008 and 2015 in a centre for treating penile cancer. Before 2013 all procedures were OILNDs. Since 2013 we have performed VEILND on all patients in need of ILND. The wound‐related and non‐wound‐related complications, length of stay, and oncological safety between OILND and VEILND groups were compared. The mean duration of follow‐up was 71 months for OILND and 16 months for the VEILND groups.ResultsIn the study period 42 patients underwent 68 ILNDs (OILND 35, VEILND 33). The patients’ demographics, primary stage and grade, and indications were comparable in both groups. There were no intraoperative complications in either group. The wound complication rate was significantly lower in the VEILND group at 6% compared to 68% in the OILND group. Lymphocoele rates were similar in both the groups (27% and 20%). The VEILND group had a better or the same lymph node yield, mean number of positive lymph nodes, and lymph node density confirming oncological safety. There were no groin recurrences in either group of patients. VEILND significantly reduced the mean length of stay by 4.8 days (P < 0.001).ConclusionVEILND is an oncologically safe procedure with considerably low morbidity and reduced length of stay, at a mean (range) follow‐up of 16 (4–35) months.
Genetic Moderation of Intervention Efficacy: Dopaminergic Genes, The Incredible Years, and Externalizing Behavior in Children
Authors: Chhangur Rabia R. , Weeland Joyce , Overbeek Geertjan , Matthys Walter , Orobio de Castro Bram , van der Giessen Danielle , Belsky Jay 
Published: September 2016

This study investigated whether children scoring higher on a polygenic plasticity index based on five dopaminergic genes (DRD4, DRD2, DAT1, MAOA, and COMT) benefited the most from the Incredible Years (IY) parent program. Data were used from a randomized controlled trial including 341 Dutch families with 4‐ to 8‐year‐old children (55.7% boys) showing moderate to high levels of problem behavior. IY proved to be most effective in decreasing parent‐reported (but not observed) externalizing behavior in boys (but not girls) carrying more rather than fewer dopaminergic plasticity alleles; this Gene × Intervention effect was most pronounced in the case of boys whose parents’ manifested the most positive change in parenting in response to the intervention. These results proved robust across a variety of sampling specifications (e.g., intention to treat, ethnicity).
Repair of transperineal recto‐urethral fistula using a fibrin sealant haemostatic patch
Authors: Giuliani G. , Guerra F. , Coletta D. , La Torre M. , Franco G. , Leonardo C. , Infantino A. , La Torre F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimRecto‐urethral fistula (RUF) is a rare complication of radical prostatectomy. We report a transperineal approach using a fibrin sealant haemostatic patch.MethodFive consecutive patients who developed RUF following radical prostatectomy had a direct transperineal repair with a haemostatic patch (TachoSil®) and were assessed at a median follow‐up of 35.5 (21–45) months.ResultsThere were no early postoperative complications. The average length of hospital stay was 5 (4–7) days. One patient developed recurrence 4 weeks after removal of the urethral catheter. Following healing in four patients the stoma was reversed at a median interval of 3 months, and 9.5 (7–10) months following the prostatic surgery. In the four patients with successful closure there was no case of recurrence or anorectal or urinary dysfunction at a median follow‐up of 35.5 (21–45) months.ConclusionDirect transperineal repair of RUF reinforced with a fibrin haemostatic patch of TachoSil is safe and effective.