bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of acute bleeding in acquired haemophilia A with recombinant activated factor VII: analysis of 10‐year Japanese postmarketing surveillance data
Authors: Amano K. , Seita I. , Higasa S. , Sawada A. , Kuwahara M. , Shima M. 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionPatients with acquired haemophilia A (AHA) have autoantibodies against factor VIII (FVIII), and may develop spontaneous bleeding that requires treatment with FVIII inhibitor bypassing agents such as recombinant activated FVII (rFVIIa, NovoSeven®). However, data regarding the use of rFVIIa are limited.AimTo investigate the use, efficacy and safety of rFVIIa for the treatment of AHA by analysis of 10‐year multicentre Japanese postmarketing surveillance data.MethodsTreatment regimens, haemostatic efficacy and adverse events were recorded for rFVIIa therapy of AHA patients with bleeding episodes. Treatment was evaluated as markedly effective, effective, moderate or ineffective.ResultsData were collected for 371 bleeding episodes in 132 patients. Bleeding improved after rFVIIa therapy in 92% of episodes (markedly effective in 41%, effective in 10%, moderate in 41%). The response rate was significantly better in patients who received an initial dose of ≥90 μg kg−1 than in those who received an initial dose of <90 μg kg−1. The response rate was also significantly better when rFVIIa was administered earlier after the onset of bleeding. Twelve serious adverse events were recorded in six patients, including five serious thromboembolic events in three patients who were all elderly with significant comorbidities.ConclusionThis is the largest, single‐country study of rFVIIa therapy in AHA patients reported to date. The Japanese surveillance data show comparable efficacy and safety to prior multinational studies. Doses of 90–120 μg kg−1 and prompt initiation of treatment may be important to achieve good bleeding control.
Behaviour Problems in Children with Intellectual Disabilities in a Resource‐Poor Setting in India – Part 1: Association with Age, Sex, Severity of Intellectual Disabilities and IQ
Authors: Lakhan Ram , Kishore M. Thomas 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundBehaviour problems are most common in people with intellectual disabilities. Nature of behaviour problems can vary depending upon the age, sex and intellectual level (IQ).ObjectivesThis study examined the distribution of behaviour problems across intellectual disability categories and their association with IQ age and sex in children with intellectual disabilities.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study design. A total of 104 participants (57 males and 47 females), aged 3–18 years, with intellectual disabilities were administered The Behavioural Assessment Scale for Indian Children with Mental Retardation (BASIC‐MR).ResultsIt was found that violent and destructive, temper tantrum and self‐injurious behaviours were differently distributed with reference to intellectual disability levels (P > 0.05) but cumulative scores per se problem behaviours did not vary with the level of intellectual disabilities. IQ showed a significant positive correlation with destructive and violent and misbehaves with other; and a significant negative correlation with temper tantrums and self‐injurious behaviours. Age was significantly, positively associated with violent and destructive, odd, and hyperactive behaviours and inversely with self‐injurious problem behaviours. There was no significant relationship between the sex of the child and problem behaviours. There was no significant interactive effect of sex and level of intellectual disabilities of the child on problem behaviours.ConclusionBehaviour problems, in general, are not equally distributed in all categories of intellectual disabilities. Relationship between behaviour problems and age, sex and IQ may not be uniform. But specific behaviours are more associated with specific age group and intellectual disability levels.
Attentional avoidance of fearful facial expressions following early life stress is associated with impaired social functioning
Authors: Humphreys Kathryn L. , Kircanski Katharina , Colich Natalie L. , Gotlib Ian H. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundEarly life stress is associated with poorer social functioning. Attentional biases in response to threat‐related cues, linked to both early experience and psychopathology, may explain this association. To date, however, no study has examined attentional biases to fearful facial expressions as a function of early life stress or examined these biases as a potential mediator of the relation between early life stress and social problems.MethodsIn a sample of 154 children (ages 9–13 years) we examined the associations among interpersonal early life stressors (i.e., birth through age 6 years), attentional biases to emotional facial expressions using a dot‐probe task, and social functioning on the Child Behavior Checklist.ResultsHigh levels of early life stress were associated with both greater levels of social problems and an attentional bias away from fearful facial expressions, even after accounting for stressors occurring in later childhood. No biases were found for happy or sad facial expressions as a function of early life stress. Finally, attentional biases to fearful faces mediated the association between early life stress and social problems.ConclusionsAttentional avoidance of fearful facial expressions, evidenced by a bias away from these stimuli, may be a developmental response to early adversity and link the experience of early life stress to poorer social functioning.
Neonatal seizures are associated with redistribution and loss ofGABAAα‐subunits in the hypoxic‐ischaemic pig
Authors: Miller Stephanie M. , Sullivan Susan M. , Ireland Zoe , Chand Kirat K. , Colditz Paul B. , Bjorkman S. Tracey 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSeizures are a common manifestation of hypoxic‐ischaemic brain injury in the neonate. In status epilepticus models alterations toGABAARsubunit expression have been suggested to contribute to (i) abnormal development of theGABAergic system, (ii) why seizures become self‐sustaining and (iii) the development of pharmacoresistance. Detailed investigation ofGABAARsubunit protein expression after neonatal hypoxia‐ischaemia (HI) is currently insufficient. Using our pig model ofHIand subsequent spontaneous neonatal seizures, we investigated changes in protein expression of the three predominant α‐subunits of theGABAAR; α1, α2and α3. Anaesthetized, ventilated newborn pigs (< 24 h old) were subjected to 30 minHIand subsequently recovered to 24 or 72 h. Amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography was used to monitor brain activity and identify seizure activity. Brain tissue was collected post‐mortem andGABAARα‐subunit protein expression was analysed using western blot and immunohistochemistry.GABAARα1and α3protein expression was significantly reduced in animals that developed seizures afterHI;HIanimals that did not develop seizures did not exhibit the same reductions. Immunohistochemistry revealed decreased α1and α3expression, and α1redistribution from the cell membrane to the cytosol, in the hippocampus of seizure animals. Multivariate analyses, controlling forHIseverity and neuronal injury, revealed that seizures were independently associated with significantGABAARα3reduction. This is the first study to show loss and redistribution ofGABAARα‐subunits in a neonatal brain experiencing seizures. Our findings are similar to those reported in models ofSEand in chronic epilepsy.image
Improving Distress in Dialysis (iDiD): A tailored CBT self‐management treatment for patients undergoing dialysis
Authors: Hudson Joanna L. , Moss‐Morris Rona , Game David , Carroll Amy , Chilcot Joseph 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundThere is significant psychological distress in adults with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, psychological treatments tailored to address the unique challenges of kidney failure are absent. We identified psychological correlates of distress in ESKD to develop a cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) treatment protocol that integrates the mental health needs of patients alongside their illness self‐management demands.MethodsStudies which examined relationships between distress and psychological factors that apply in the context of ESKD including: health threats, cognitive illness representations and illness management behaviours were narratively reviewed. Review findings were translated into a CBT formulation model to inform the content of a renal‐specific seven session CBT treatment protocol, which was commented on and refined by patient representatives.ResultsHealth threats related to distress were grouped into four themes including: acute ESKD events, loss of role, uncertainty and illness self‐management. Having pessimistic illness and treatment perceptions were associated with elevated distress. Non‐adherence and avoidance behaviours were related to feelings of distress, whereas cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, social support and assertiveness were associated with less distress.ConclusionsThe dialysis‐specific CBT formulation identifies the importance of targeting ESKD‐specific correlates of distress to allow the delivery of integrated mental and physical health care. The ‘Improving Distress in Dialysis (iDiD)’ treatment protocol now requires further evaluation in terms of content, feasibility and potential efficacy.
Co‐occurring grassland species vary in their responses to fine‐scale soil heterogeneity
Authors: Tamme Riin , Gazol Antonio , Price Jodi N. , Hiiesalu Inga , Pärtel Meelis 
Published: July 2016

AbstractQuestionsHow does fine‐scale soil heterogeneity impact on co‐occurring species? Which species are advantaged in heterogeneous soils?LocationGreenhouse experiment using European grassland species, University of Tartu, Estonia.MethodsWe grew plant assemblages consisting of 15 species in five soil treatments – comprising three spatially uniform fertility levels (low, medium or high) and two heterogeneous conditions created using checkerboard combinations of low‐ and high‐fertility patches at two spatial scales (6.25 × 6.25 cm or 12.5 × 12.5 cm patches, overall medium fertility). We compared species responses (above‐ground biomass) between heterogeneous and homogeneous treatments. Additionally, we compared species responses within low‐fertility patches in heterogeneous treatments to the homogeneous treatment of the same fertility.ResultsLarger, dominant species were advantaged in heterogeneous compared to homogeneous conditions (with the same or lower overall fertility), whereas the growth and survival of smaller, subordinate species was reduced. Larger, dominant species also had increased above‐ground biomass within the low‐fertility patches in heterogeneous compared to homogeneous low‐fertility conditions, but the opposite was true for smaller, subordinate species. In general, species responses in heterogeneous conditions did not differ from the homogeneous high‐fertility treatment, although the heterogeneous conditions had lower overall fertility.ConclusionsIn our experimental grasslands, species differed in their responses to fine‐scale soil heterogeneity. Patchy resource distribution directly benefits larger, dominant species that can forage among patches and produce more above‐ground biomass compared to conditions where the same amount of resources is distributed homogeneously. Smaller, subordinate species that are more likely confined to a uniform soil patch are disadvantaged by heterogeneity due to increased root and shoot competition from neighbouring species. These species‐specific responses to fine‐scale soil heterogeneity and altered competitive interactions have important implications for plant community structure and productivity.
The Cohort Size‐Wage Relationship in Europe
Authors: Moffat John , Roth Duncan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper estimates the impact of cohort size on wages using data on young males in European regions covering 2004–10. The effect of cohort size on wages is identified through an instrumental variables strategy which, in contrast to previous analyses of European data, addresses self‐selection into geographical areas as well as into educational groups. The results suggest that cohort size has a significant negative effect on male wages for individuals with secondary education — the largest group — but not for individuals with less than secondary education or tertiary education. This effect is underestimated if self‐selection into geographical areas is not addressed.
Design with Uncertainty: The Role of Future Options for Infrastructure Integration
Authors: Martani Claudio , Jin Ying , Soga Kenichi , Scholtes Stefan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDecision making for effective infrastructure integration is challenging because the performance of long‐lasting facilities is often difficult to foresee or well beyond the designer's control. We propose a new approach for integrating the construction/retrofitting of two or more types of facilities. Infrastructure integration has many perceived benefits, but practitioners also express serious doubts, particularly when it comes to civil engineering works. To substantiate this approach, we test all of the major options for integrating a ground source heat pump system with the construction/retrofitting of an archetypal office building. We use actual data from the United Kingdom, which represent a middle‐of‐the‐road setting among major developed countries. The model highlights the sensitivity of the range of cost‐effective solutions to the embedding of future options. The findings point to a clear need for appropriate standards for managing infrastructure integration. We expect this kind of model to find increasing applications among infrastructure complexes, particularly as cities become denser and more multifunctional.
Genetic structure of the beaked whale genusBerardiusin the North Pacific, with genetic evidence for a new species
Authors: Morin Phillip A. , Scott Baker C. , Brewer Reid S. , Burdin Alexander M. , Dalebout Merel L. , Dines James P. , Fedutin Ivan , Filatova Olga , Hoyt Erich , Jung Jean‐Luc , Lauf Morgane , Potter Charles W. , Richard Gaetan , Ridgway Michelle , Robertson Kelly M. , Wade Paul R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThere are two recognized species in the genusBerardius, Baird's and Arnoux's beaked whales. In Japan, whalers have traditionally recognized two forms of Baird's beaked whales, the common “slate‐gray” form and a smaller, rare “black” form. Previous comparison of mtDNAcontrol region sequences from three black specimens to gray specimens around Japan indicated that the two forms comprise different stocks and potentially different species. We have expanded sampling to include control region haplotypes of 178 Baird's beaked whales from across their range in the North Pacific. We identified five additional specimens of the black form from the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, for a total of eight “black” specimens. The divergence between mtDNAhaplotypes of the black and gray forms of Baird's beaked whale was greater than their divergence from the congeneric Arnoux's beaked whale found in the Southern Ocean, and similar to that observed among other congeneric beaked whale species. Taken together, genetic evidence from specimens in Japan and across the North Pacific, combined with evidence of smaller adult body size, indicate presence of an unnamed species ofBerardiusin the North Pacific.
Time‐Space Experience in Works for Solo Cello by Lachenmann, Xenakis and Ferneyhough: a Performance‐Sensitive Approach to Morphosyntactic Musical Analysis
Authors: Utz Christian 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe present article aims to develop an approach to musical meaning that integrates performative dimensions systematically into a broadened concept of analysis, connecting particularly to recent research into the temporal qualities of musical perception. Taking three key works from the solo cello repertoire of the 1960s and ’70s – Helmut Lachenmann'sPression, Iannis Xenakis'sNomos Alphaand Brian Ferneyhough'sTime and Motion Study II– as a basic corpus of study, this ‘morphosyntactic’ view of sound structure is complemented with a comparison of different recordings of these three works by interpreting software‐based collections of data of timing and tempo as well as close listening, in addition to documentation of the composers’ and performers’ conceptions of time and tempo. The analyses propose an interaction of three different categories of form‐building time‐space concepts that are deeply embedded in the history of music theory and aesthetics: ‘spatial time’, ‘processual time’ and ‘presentist time’. Performers may shift between or merge these three archetypes by varying temporal and dynamic consistency or contrast, among other means. The performance‐related data are compared with the perspectives of performers and composers, corroborating the space of ‘informed intuition’ even in the performance of these very prescriptively notated scores and demonstrating on multiple levels the continuous impact of ‘rhetorical’ performance traditions (despite or within their compositional deconstruction) in the music of the postwar and contemporary avant‐garde.
MODELING THE EFFECT OF RARITY VALUE ON THE EXPLOITATION OF A WILDLIFE SPECIES SUBJECTED TO THE ALLEE EFFECT
Authors: VERMA MAITRI 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe overexploitation of wildlife species is a serious problem in the field of biodiversity conservation. The species subjected to natural Allee effects are even more threatened by exploitation. Moreover, for many wildlife species, their rarity can fuel their exploitation by making them disproportionately desirable and consequently increasing their market price. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed and analyzed to study how the value that consumers place on rarity can threaten the survival of a species subjected to natural Allee effects. It is assumed that the value of a species increases as its density declines. The analysis of model shows that the increase in the consumers' response to rarity can drive the system to admit Hopf‐bifurcation and heteroclinic bifurcation. The occurrence of the heteroclinic cycle indicates that the increase in consumers' response to rarity can cause the extinction of the species. It is found that an increase in the Allee threshold causes a decrease in the threshold value of consumers' response below which extinction is inevitable.
Aristotle for nursing
Authors: Allmark Peter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article aims: (1) to introduce the wider philosophy of Aristotle to nurses and healthcare practitioners; (2) to show that Aristotle's philosophical system is an interdependent whole; and (3) to defend its plausibility and usefulness despite its ancient and alien origins.Aristotle's system can be set out as a hierarchy, with metaphysics at the top and methodology running throughout. Beneath metaphysics are the sciences, with theoretical, practical and productive (or craft) sciences in hierarchical order. This hierarchy does not imply that, say, metaphysics is superior to biology or nursing, but rather that metaphysics can be understood without reference to the other two but, as we shall see, notvice versa.Two themes run through Aristotelian philosophy. The first is Aristotle's method of inquiry, central to which is that our starting point is not pure empirical data, but rather current puzzles; complementing this method is a realist philosophy. The second theme is teleology, the understanding of action in the world in terms of ends, as when we say a plant grows roots to reach water and nutrients.Implications for nursing. Good health is the good functioning of the material aspect of humans; flourishing is good functioning of humansper se. The goals of nursing, which are based on health, are subsumed by the overall human goal of flourishing, and this helps us to understand and set boundaries to health care. Two examples illustrate this. The first is that mental illness is strongly within the purview of nursing and health care whereas bad decisions, such as smoking, are only marginally so. The second is ethics, where it is argued that the attempt to describe ethical decision‐making as in addition to and separate from the decisions made within nursing and health care itself cannot be sustained.
Reference values for spirometry and their use in test interpretation: A Position Statement from the Australian and New Zealand Society of Respiratory Science
Authors: Brazzale Danny , Hall Graham , Swanney Maureen P. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTTraditionally, spirometry testing tended to be confined to the realm of hospital‐based laboratories but is now performed in a variety of health care settings. Regardless of the setting in which the test is conducted, the fundamental basis of spirometry is that the test is both performed and interpreted according to the international standards. The purpose of this Australian and New Zealand Society of Respiratory Science (ANZSRS) statement is to provide the background and recommendations for the interpretation of spirometry results in clinical practice. This includes the benchmarking of an individual's results to population reference data, as well as providing the platform for a statistically and conceptually based approach to the interpretation of spirometry results. Given the many limitations of older reference equations, it is imperative that the most up‐to‐date and relevant reference equations are used for test interpretation. Given this, the ANZSRS recommends the adoption of the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) 2012 spirometry reference values throughout Australia and New Zealand. The ANZSRS also recommends that interpretation of spirometry results is based on the lower limit of normal from the reference values and the use of Z‐scores where available.
Continuous Auto-Regressive Moving Average Random Fields on Rn
Authors: Brockwell Peter J. , Matsuda Yasumasa 
Published: July 2016

Summary
We define an isotropic Lévy-driven continuous auto-regressive moving average CARMA(p, q) random field on Rn as the integral of a radial CARMA kernel with respect to a Lévy sheet. Such fields constitute a parametric family characterized by an auto-regressive polynomial a and a moving average polynomial b having zeros in both the left and the right complex half-planes. They extend the well-balanced Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process of Schnurr and Woerner to a well-balanced CARMA process in one dimension (with a much richer class of autocovariance functions) and to an isotropic CARMA random field on Rn for n &gt; 1. We derive second-order properties of these random fields and extend the results to a larger class of anisotropic CARMA random fields. If the driving Lévy sheet is compound Poisson it is trivial to simulate the corresponding random field on any bounded subset of Rn. A method for joint estimation of the CARMA kernel parameters and knot locations is proposed for compound-Poisson-driven fields and is illustrated by applications to simulated data and Tokyo land price data.