bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in DNA Methylation with Age Replicate Across Diverse Human Populations
Authors: Gopalan Shyamalika , Carja Oana , Fagny Maud , Patin Etienne , Myrick Justin W , McEwen Lisa M , Mah Sarah M , Kobor Michael S , Froment Alain , Feldman Marcus W , Quintana-Murci Lluis , Henn Brenna M 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Aging is associated with widespread changes in genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation. Thousands of CpG sites whose tissue-specific methylation levels are strongly correlated with chronological age have been previously identified. However, the majority of these studies have focused primarily on cosmopolitan populations living in the developed world; it is not known if age-related patterns of DNA methylation at these loci are similar across a broad range of human genetic and ecological diversity. We investigated genome-wide methylation patterns using saliva- and whole blood-derived DNA from two traditionally hunting and gathering African populations: the Baka of the western Central African rain forest and the ≠Khomani San of the South African Kalahari Desert. We identified hundreds of CpG sites whose methylation levels are significantly associated with age, thousands that are significant in a meta-analysis, and replicate trends previously reported in populations of non-African descent. We confirmed that an age-associated site in the promoter of the gene ELOVL2 shows a remarkably congruent relationship with aging in humans, despite extensive genetic and environmental variation across populations. We also demonstrate that genotype state at methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) can affect methylation trends at some age-associated CpG sites. Our study explores the relationship between CpG methylation and chronological age in populations of African hunter-gatherers, who rely on different diets across diverse ecologies. While many age-related CpG sites replicate across populations, we show that considering common genetic variation at meQTLs further improves our ability to detect previously identified age associations.
Effect of high tibial osteotomy on hip biomechanics in patients with genu varum: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Moghtadaei Mehdi , Yeganeh Ali , Boddouhi Bahram , Alaee Atefe , Farahini Hossein , Otoukesh Babak 
Published: May 2017

Background and aims
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of proximal tibia osteotomy on hip biomechanics.

Methods
This cohort study was conducted on 50 knees of 37 patients divided into two groups of unilateral and bilateral surgeries during 2015–2016. Patients underwent medial open-wedge osteotomy of proximal tibia. Axial alignment of lower limb radiography was carried out for the patients before and after the osteotomy.

Results
Findings from unilateral and bilateral high tibial osteotomies demonstrated that the average of greater trochanter (GT) angle from femoral head center and also the average angle of knee varus were significantly decreased (P = 0.001). Although not statistically significant, the average angle of the mechanical axis of lower limb showed an increase in unilateral osteotomy (P = 0.889) and a decrease in bilateral osteotomy (P = 0.887). The average angle of pelvic obliquity after unilateral osteotomy increased significantly (P = 0.001) but showed no statistically significant difference in bilateral osteotomy (P = 0.631).

Conclusion
High tibial osteotomy significantly affects the GT and causes the downward replacement of GT and consequent shortening of the abductors moment arm, increased hip joint reaction force, and reduction of the shear force on the femoral neck.
UV Absorption of KDP Single Crystals as a function of Growth Conditions
Authors: Kolybayeva M. I. , Pritula I. M. , Salo V. I. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUV-spectroscopy method is used to study the influence ofdifferent varying growth parameters (growth rate, crystallization temperature, pH of the solution, complexating additions) on the absorption spectra of KH2PO4 crystals. It is found that the minimal value of the absorption coefficient (k ˜ 0.01–0.02cm−1)may be achieved under the following growth conditions: 1) crystallization temperature ˜ 55°C, 2) growth rate ˜ 1mm/24hrs, 3)pH = 4.
Highly Doped P-Type, N-Type CdS Thin Films and Diodes
Authors: Shen Wen P. , Kwok Hoi S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCdS thin films with doping concentration as high as 1017 cm-3 for p-type or 1021 cm-3 for n-type were achieved by pulsed excimer laser deposition without any post-annealing process. These films were grown on InP or GaAs substrates with good crystalline quality. By using this technique, CdS thin film p-n junctions were produced successfully.
Fabrication and Optical Characterization of Doped Germanosilicate Fibres
Authors: Taylor Elizabeth R. , Ye C. C. , Ault B. J. , Payne D. N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis work assesses the incorporation of dopant ions such as Al3+, Ga3+, Zr4+, Nb5+, Ta5+ and Er3+ into the core of germanosilicate optical fibres via modified-chemical-vapour-deposition plus solution doping fabrication techniques. We find that highly-charged smaller ions, like Al3+ and Ta5+, behave similarly. These ions are more efficiently incorporated, assist in the incorporation of Er3+, and have the same influence on the fluorescence spectra of Er3+. The structural role of these ions appear to be their ability to provide nonbridging oxygens around Er3+. The waveguide and lasing characteristics of Er3+ codoped with Ta5+ are presented.
Diode Pumped Miniature Lasers at 2 μm
Authors: Kintz Gregory J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDiode pumped thulium and holmium lasers have long been thought to be the ideal solution to be problem of producing a high energy, efficient, diode-pumped, laser source due to the long upper state lifetimes. However the fundamental energy transfer process of upconversion can limit the storage of energy in the system and increase the thermal loading on the crystal. A numerical solution to the rate equations is used to model the laser performance of both 785 nm pumped Tm: YAG and 1.9 μm pumped Ho: YAG, including the effects of ground state depletion and upconversion. The benefits and problems of both systems will be discussed in detail.
Spectroscopy of the Laser Ion Mn5+ in Sr5(VO4)3F
Authors: Merkle Larry D. , Chai Bruce H. T. , Guyot Yannick 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMn5+:Sr5(VO4)3F is a new laser material with spectroscopic and laser properties similar to those of other recently reported Mn doped vanadates, but with the advantage of easier crystal growth. It has strong, broad absorption bands from 600–1000 nm and a sharp emission peak at 1164 nm. The splittings and polarization dependence of the spectra are consistent with the approximate C3v site symmetry reported for other apatites. Despite relatively large distortion from tetrahedral symmetry, the 1E and 3T2 states remain sufficiently separate that the emission is almost purely from the 1E state. As a result, laser operation is of the three-level type. Single pass gain/loss measurements indicate that any excited state absorption at the laser wavelength must be significantly smaller than the stimulated emission.
Laser Performance and Material Properties of a High Temperature Plastic Doped with Pyrromethene-BF2 Dyes
Authors: Allik Toomas H. , Chandra Suresh , Robinson Timothy R. , Hutchinson J. Andrew , Sathyamoorthi Govindarao , Boyer Joseph H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFour pyrromethene-BF2 visible laser dyes, dissolved in a MIL-STD tested high temperature polymer matrix and pumped with a doubled Nd:YAG laser produced 61 % slope efficiency and retained 78% of the initial lasing efficiency after 95,000 pulses.
The Way to Producing of the Perfect Sapphire Crystals
Authors: Flerov Vladimir , Flerov Alexei , Musatov Michael 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIt is elaborated the crystal growth technique on base of Cyropulos method that allows to receive the sapphire single crystals of high quality with small dislocation density, low levels of X-ray luminescence and thermoluminescence, high transparency, and high radiation resistance. The main features of developed technique are: low temperature gradient in growth zone, acute-angled crystallization front, and absence of any mechanical displacement during growing process.Some other growing factors influencing on crystal quality are discussed.
Fluorescence Characteristics of Rare Earth Silica Fibers
Authors: Zhenan Gu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFluorescence of silica fibers doped with Ce, Eu, Yb, Sm,Pr and Tb ions were obtained when excited by UV light, and also excited by Ar ion laser (514.5nm) and YAG laser(1.06 μ m), superfluorescence and upconversion fluorescence of Er-doped fiber were observed.
High Power CW Diode-Pumped LiSaF Laser
Authors: Balembois F. , Falcoz F. , Georges P. , Roger G. , Brun A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper is devoted on Cr:LiSAF laser pumped by cw visible GaAlInP diode at 670nm. Ouput power of more than 60 mW at 850 nm has been obtained with a 500 mW pump laserdiode and the laser is tunable from 810 to 900 nm.
Generation of Circularly Polarized Light of Highly Oriented Poly(P-Phenylene Vinylene)
Authors: Marletta A. , Gonçalves D. , Oliveira O. N. , Faria R. M. , Guimarães F. E. G. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTLangmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) were prepared using an amphiphilic precursor, where the counterion chloride was partially replaced by a long chain dodecylbenzenesulfonate ion. These LB-PPV films are highly ordered along the dipping direction as demonstrated by linear dichroism experiments using linearly polarized optical absorption and emission. The intensity ratio between emitted light parallel and perpendicular to the dipping direction was ca. 17, which is much higher than the dichroic ratio of 3.6 found in the polarized absorption experiment. These values indicate an efficient energy and/or charge transfer between low conjugated segments (disordered) and highly conjugated (ordered) ones after excitation. In addition, the LB films displayed large circular polarization with an asymmetry factor ge which varies from 0.6 to –0.2 when the sample temperature is increased from 30 to 300 K.
New Transparent Substrate with Silica Aerogel Film for Surface-Emissive Devices
Authors: Yokogawa H. , Kawano K. , Yokoyama M. , Tsutsui T. , Yahiro M. , Shigesato Y. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTSilica aerogels prepared by sol-gel methods with supercritical drying process have transparency and extremely low refractive index which is not available in any other materials. This extraordinary refractivity is expected to present some new features as an optical material. Ordinarily, coupling-out efficiency of surface-emissive light sources has been assumed to be low. It is due to the losses organized from internal reflection of emitted light at the air-glass interface and dissipation during wave-guiding propagation within the substrate.However, when material that has extremely low refractive index is inserted between a thin luminescence layer and glass substrate, almost all the light from the luminescence layer can efficiently couple out to air passing through the glass substrate. In this report, we introduce a silica aerogel film as a low refractive index material for surface-emissive devices, such as photoluminescent and electroluminescent device. In the experiments, the photoluminescence intensity of Alq3 through the silica aerogel layer was twice as large as that of the glass substrate without the silica aerogel film. Moreover, we formed a new substrate which contained a transparent electrode on the silica aerogel film. Using this substrate, we fabricated the OLED and observed the disappearance of wave-guiding propagation within the glass substrate.
A Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Ethylenedioxythiophene Adsorption on Polycrystalline Gold Surfaces
Authors: Birgerson J. , Keil M. , Denier van der Gon A. W. , Crispin X. , Lögdlund M. , Salaneck W. R. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe interaction between thin films of ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and polycrystalline copper and gold surfaces has been studied using photoelectron spectroscopy. Thick films of EDOT (∼100 Å) have been prepared by vapor deposition onto clean gold surfaces, which were cooled down to a temperature of 170 K during the deposition process. Monolayers were prepared by slowly heating the thick films up to 300 K. At 300 K most of the material has evaporated from the surface and about one monolayer remains chemisorbed on the gold surface. This shows that there is an interaction between EDOT and Au. This chemisorption causes a shift of around -0.5 eV of the binding energies for the core level electrons, presumably because of screening of the core-hole by the metal. An experimental and theoretical analysis of the valence level electrons suggests that two molecular orbitals, localized at the thiophene part of the molecule, are involved in the interaction with the metal atoms of the surface. The most likely orientation of the EDOT molecules is parallel to the Au surface. Upon adsorption the work function is changed from 5.2 eV for the clean gold surface to 4.0 eV for the EDOT monolayer. In the case of EDOT adsorbed on clean copper surfaces, no interaction was observed.
Synthesis of New Dendrimers Based on 6,8-Dinitroquinazoline and 3,5-Dimercaptobenzyl Blocks
Authors: Miki Hideki , Yokoyama Shiyoshi , Mashiko Shinro 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTTwo types of core-shell structured dendrimer, 2,4-bis-{3,5-bis-[3,5-bis-(3,5-di-tert- butylbenzylthio)benzylthio]benzyloxy}-6,8-dinitroquinazoline (7a) and 2,4-bis-{3,5-bis-[3,5-bis- (3,5-di-tertbutylbenzyloxy)benzyloxy]benzyloxy}-6,8-dinitroquinazoline (7b) as a referential compound were synthesized. These compounds consist of a 6,8-dinitroquinazoline ring as the functional unit and a 3,5-dimercaptobenzyl or a 3,5-dihydroxybenzyl group as the dendritic unit. In order to protect the sulfur atom in dendrimer (7a) from the oxidation reaction, a 3,5-di-tert- butylbenzyl group was designed as the outer-most unit. The synthesized dendrimer containing 3,5-dimercaptobenzyl blocks (7a) is completely novel, and is interesting as a photoelectronic material to examine what kind of influence the d-orbital electron properties give to the whole molecule.
Study of 2,6-Linked Quinquepyridine Derivative as Luminescence Materials
Authors: Fu Y.J. , Wong T.K.S. , Wang G.M. , Hu X. , Buddhudu S. , Zhang H.X. , Gao Z.S. , Jiang M.H. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBoth photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) properties of 6,6””-dimethyl-4', 4”'-diphenyl-2,2':6',2”:6”,2”':6”',2””-quinquepyridine (DMDPQPY), a 2,6-linked oligopy- ridine derivative, have been investigated. Two maxima are observed from its PL spectra in solid state, but only one peak appears in its PL in solutions. Emission from the single layer device with indium-tin-oxide (ITO) and Al as the respective anode and cathode (ITO/DMDPQPY/Al) is very weak, but introduction of a hole transporting layer polyvinylcarbazole (PVK), in the double layer device (ITO/PVK/DMDPQPY/Al), increases the luminance significantly indicating a better charge balance. Two peaks appear in the EL spectra, one at 419 nm and another at 536 nm, ascribed to PVK and DMDPQPY respectively.
Electrical Instabilities and 1/f Noise in Organic Pentacene Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Necliudov P. V. , Shur M. , Gundlach D. J. , Jackson T. N. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTWe report on the influence of Bias-Temperature Stress (BTS) on the pentacene Thin Film Transistors (TFTs) electrical characteristics and on their 1/f noise level. The gate BTS primarily affects the TFT threshold voltage, leaving both mobility and sub-threshold slope values almost unchanged. The degree of the threshold voltage shift induced by the positive or negative BTS depends on the TFT design and the BTS parameters. The current-voltage characteristics time dependence of the organic TFTs, subjected to the BTS, resembles that for amorphous-Si TFTs. The results of the 1/f noise measurements in the organic TFTs allowed us to conclude that the gate BTS primarily affects the TFT contact regions, resulting in the increase of both the contact noise and the contact resistance.
Carrier Dynamics in Poly(Octylthiophene) Gels
Authors: Vial J-C , Pépin-Donat B. , Viallat A. , Fedorko P. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTCarrier dynamics properties in swollen poly(octylthiophene) gels are investigated via their radiative and non-radiative recombination rates (Wr and Wnr respectively) as a function of their swelling ratio (Q). Photoluminescence decay time (τ, in the picosecond range) and luminescence quantum efficiency (QE) are found to strongly increase with Q. This implies that Wr increases and Wnr decreases as Q increases; such a result cannot be understood if one accounts only for the well-known dilution effect observed for organic dyes. Our interpretation is that the enhanced carrier transport due to the increase of interchain interactions observed upon deswelling induces a separation of carriers. Then, these latter present an increased probability to find non-radiative traps. Variation of the conductivity versus Q in doped gels is also discussed.
Novel Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Azobenzene Functionalized Ribonucleic Acid
Authors: Roy Sucharita , Nagarajan Ramaswamy , Wu Peichuan , Tripathy Sukant K. , Kumar Jayant , Samuelson Lynne , Bruno Ferdinando F. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTRibonucleic acids, often called a biological jack of all trades, contribute intimately to every aspect of gene expression, including the synthesis of other polypeptide biocatalysts. The fundamental importance of recurring structural motifs and the kinetics and energetics of the complex secondary and tertiary structure of RNA have been shown to be intimately linked with its functions in vivo. We have developed a novel enzymatic synthetic approach for covalent attachment of photoresponsive units into the RNA backbone. The synthetic conditions of this approach are extremely mild, involving the reverse micellar solubilization of nucleic acid along with lipase in apolar hydrocarbon solvents. Lipase catalyzed acylation of the 2' hydroxyl group in the ribose sugars of the RNA molecule has been used to incorporate photo-isomerizable azobenzene groups into the RNA strands. This micellar approach was envisaged for RNA functionalization while maintaining the conformational integrity of the macromolecular backbone in neutral buffer solution. The modification of RNA using covalently attached chromophores or fluorophores can be extended to other biomacromolecular matrices leading to the development of more versatile photoactive biopolymers. The photo-isomerizable groups incorporated in the RNA molecule can serve as optical ‘handles’ for the manipulation of the conformation of RNA and open new opportunities for biophotonic device applications.
In Situ Second Harmonic Generation Measurements of the Growth of Nonlinear Optical Ionically Self-Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Brands C. , Neyman P.J. , Guzy M.T. , Shah S. , Van Cott K.E. , Davis R.M. , Wang H. , Gibson H.W. , Heflin J.R. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIonically self-assembled monolayers (ISAMs) have recently been shown to spontaneously exhibit a polar ordering that gives rise to a substantial second order nonlinear optical (NLO) response. Here, the deposition of ISAMs has been studied in situ via second harmonic generation (SHG). We show that the adsorption and ordering of a noncentrosymmetric nonlinear optical polymer is constant over a wide range of concentrations. Upon immersion in the NLO-active polyelectrolyte solution, the SHG rises sharply over the first minute. Immersion in the NLO-inactive partner polyelectrolyte leads to a reduction in the SHG signal. Furthermore, when the film is removed from the NLO-active solution and allowed to dry, the SHG increases rapidly as the water evaporates. These studies provide greater understanding of the processes by which noncentrosymmetric order is formed in ISAM films and allows design of improved self- assembled nonlinear optical materials.
Emission Light Properties from Ag/Rhodamine-B LB Films Due to Surface Plasmon Excitations in the Kretschmann and Reverse Configurations
Authors: Nakano T. , Kobayashi H. , Shinbo K. , Kato K. , Kaneko F. , Kawakami T. , Wakamatsu T. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTEmission light from Ag/ Rhodamine-B (RB) Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films due to surface plasmon (SP) excitations has been investigated using the Kretschmann configuration of the attenuated total reflection (ATR) method and the reverse irradiation of laser beam from air to the samples. The conventional photoluminescence (PL) of the RB LB films showed a broad spectrum and the peak wavelength was about 600 nm. In the reverse irradiation, emission light was observed through the prism, and the intensities and the spectra strongly depended upon the emission angle where the light was observed. The wavelengths of the emission light became shorter as the emission angles increased. The relation between the wavelength and the emission angle agreed with the resonant condition of excitations of SPs in the Kretschmann configuration of ATR method. It was concluded that the emission light was caused by excitations of multiple SPs at the Ag/RB LB films.
Energy Level Alignment at the Metal/Alq3 Interfaces Investigated with Photoemission Methods
Authors: Yan Li , Tang C.W. , Mason M. G. , Gao Yongli 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTTris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) based organic light emission diodes (OLED) have been a focus of material research in recent years. One of the key issues in searching for a better device performance and fabricating conditions is suitable electron-injection materials. We have investigated the energy alignment and the interface formation between different metals and Alq3 using X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS). The interface is formed by depositing the target cathode material, such as Ca, Al or Al/LiF, onto an Alq3 film in a stepwise fashion in an ultrahigh vacuum environment. While the UPS results show the work function and vacuum level changes during interfaces formation, implying a possible surface dipole layer, XPS results show a more detailed and complex behavior. When a low work function metal such as Ca is deposited onto an Alq3 surface, a gap state is observed in UPS. At the same time, a new peak can be observed in the N 1s core level at a lower binding energy. These results can be characterized as charge transfer from the low work function metal to Alq3. The shifting of core levels are also observed, which may be explained by doping from metal atoms or charge diffusion. These interfaces are drastically different than the Al/Alq3 interface, which has very poor electron injection. At the Al/Alq3 interface there is a destructive chemical reaction and much smaller core level shifts are observed. Based on detailed analysis, energy level diagrams at the interface are proposed.
Geniusz kobiety w nauczaniu Kościoła
Authors: Zwoliński Andrzej 
Published: May 2017

Wśród dokumentów Soboru Konstytucja duszpasterska o Kościele w świecie współczesnym kilkakrotnie mówi o kobiecie. Przypomina o równości kobiety im mężczyzny jako osób, także w małżeństwie. Wzywa do przezwyciężania dyskryminacji społecznej i kulturowej i podkreśla słuszność domagania się prawnego i faktycznego zrównania kobiet z mężczyznami. Orzeka się, że kobieta powinna mieć prawo do wolnego wyboru stanu życia, dostępu do równego z mężczyznami wykształcenia i wychowania. Podkreślono, że haniebną praktyką jest handel kobietami, co ubliża ich godności. Zauważono też, że kobiety pracują już we wszystkich prawie dziedzinach życia społecznego, wypada więc, by mogły uczestniczyć w pracy odpowiednio do swych uzdolnień. Jako papież Jan Paweł II od początku swego pontyfikatu przygotowywał wiernych do poznania owego „geniuszu kobiety”. Istotnym nurtem nauki Papieża o kobiecie jest refleksja nad miłością. Geniusz kobiety wyraża się i w tym, że dopiero przy niej mężczyzna poznaje siebie, odkrywa kim jest i jakim być powinien. Dokonuje się to na etapie narzeczeństwa, ale też w małżeństwie.