bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisometropia of ocular refractive and biometric measures among 66‐ to 79‐year‐old female twins
Authors: Pärssinen Olavi , Kauppinen Markku , Kaprio Jaakko , Rantanen Taina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeTo examine the prevalence of anisometropia of spherical refraction (AnisoSR), astigmatism (AnisoAST) and spherical equivalent (AnisoSE) and their associations with spherical refraction (SR), refractive astigmatism (AST), spherical equivalent (SE) and interocular differences of ocular biometric parameters among elderly female twins.MethodsRefraction of 117 monozygotic (MZ) and 116 dizygotic (DZ) female twin subjects aged 66–79 years was assessed with an auto‐refractor (Topcon AT) and controlled by subjective refraction. Corneal refraction, anterior chamber depth and axial length were measured with a Zeiss IOL Master. Participants with eyes operated for cataract or glaucoma were excluded, but the grade of nuclear opacity was not recorded. The associations between the absolute values of AnisoSR, AnisoAST and AnisoSE with SR, AST, SE, corneal refractive power (CR), corneal astigmatism (CAST), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and axial length (AL) and with their interocular differences were calculated. When calculating the interdependencies of the differences, the real and absolute differences between the right and left eye were used.ResultsMeans ± standard deviations for AnisoSR, AnisoAST and AnisoSE were 0.67 ± 0.92 D, 0.42 ± 0.41 D and 0.65 ± 0.71 D, respectively. AnisoSR, AnisoAST and AnisoSE >1.0 D were present in 14.7%, 4.2% and 17.7% of cases, respectively. Anisometropia of spherical refraction (AnisoSR), AnisoAST and AnisoSE were higher the more negative the values of SR or SE. Hyperopic ametropia did not increase these anisometropia values. The correlations of AnisoSR and AnisoSE with the absolute values of interocular differences in CR and AL were non‐significant. Using the real values of the interocular differences, the respective correlations were significant. The correlation between the real interocular differences in CR and AL was negative (r = −0.258, p < 0.001). Thus, the combined effect of the real interocular differences in CR and AL was a decrease in AnisoSR and AnisoSE (emmetropization).ConclusionHigher AnisoSR and AnisoSE were associated with more myopic refraction and longer AL. Higher AnisoAST was associated with more negative SR and higher AST and CAST. The negative correlation between real interocular differences in CR and AL indicated their influence of emmetropization in AnisoSR and AnisoSE.
The evaluation of meibomian gland function, morphology and related medical history in Asian adult blepharokeratoconjunctivitis patients
Authors: Yin Yue , Gong Lan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the meibomian gland function, morphology and the related medical history of patients with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC) in comparison with healthy population and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)‐induced evaporative dry eye (EDE) patients.MethodsTwenty‐two eyes of 22 Asian adult patients with BKC were enrolled as the BKC group. Healthy volunteers and MGD‐induced EDE patients were recruited in a 1:1 ratio and were matched in age, and the gender compositions of the three groups were also comparable. Examinations included meibum quality, meibomian gland expressibility, meibomian gland dropout and relevant ocular surface tests. Related medical history was recorded.ResultsThe BKC group had higher incidences of chalazion (OR 4.59, 95% CI 1.29–16.33) and eyelid surgery (OR 4.91, 95% CI 1.33–18.21) than the control group (chalazion, p = 0.007; eyelid surgery, p < 0.001) and EDE group (chalazion, p = 0.031; eyelid surgery, p = 0.005) had. All clinical indexes were worse in the BKC group than in the control group (all p < 0.05). The EDE group had better meibum quality (p = 0.049) and less meibomian gland dropouts (all p < 0.05) than the BKC group. The dropouts of the BKC group were the highest among the three groups, and the distribution over the tarsal plate was even in the BKC group (all p > 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with BKC had worse meibomian gland function, poorer morphology and a higher rate of medical histories related to the meibomian gland than the healthy population. The BKC clinical features of meibum quality and meibomian gland dropout were different from other MGD diseases.
Serious adverse drug events related to non‐investigational drugs in academic clinical trials: another source of safety data for risk assessment?
Authors: Olivier Pascale , Gimbert Anne , Colin Anne‐Laurène , Salvo Francesco , Becker Madlyne , Marty Valérie , Montastruc Jean‐Louis , Petitpain Nadine 
Published: June 2016

AimsSponsors of clinical trials have to analyze serious adverse events (SAEs). Both sponsors and investigators determine the relationship between the investigational medicinal product, the investigational device or procedure and SAEs. SAEs related to another cause, such as a non‐investigational medicinal product (NIMP), do not have clear pharmacovigilance reporting requirements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount and the nature of NIMP‐related SAEs recorded by three French academic sponsors and to propose pharmacovigilance requirements for these cases.MethodsThis was a retrospective descriptive study including all cases of NIMP‐related SAEs occurring in clinical trials and reported to three academic sponsors between January 2009 and October 2014.ResultsAmong 5870 cases of SAEs, 300 (5%) were related to a NIMP in 50 clinical trials. Involved NIMPs were mainly antithrombotics, cytostatics and immunosuppressants. Some of these drugs were currently followed by a risk management plan (e.g. rivoxaban). The most frequent NIMP‐related SAEs were neurological, gastrointestinal and infectious disorders. Seven NIMP‐related SAEs were known as ‘rare’ or ‘very rare’ and two were ‘unlabelled’.ConclusionsAs far as we know, this is the first study to focus about NIMP‐related SAEs occurring in clinical trials. This work highlights the potential high quality source of safety data via NIMP‐related SAE collection. Globally, we propose that NIMP‐related SAEs occurring in clinical trials should systematically be notified to the pharmacovigilance system of the concerned country. Clearer procedures of interactions between safety units of academic sponsors and pharmacovigilance systems are needed to allow an effective recording of NIMP‐related SAEs.
Effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered deferiprone
Authors: Fradette Caroline , Pichette Vincent , Sicard Éric , Stilman Anne , Jayashankar Shalini , Tsang Yu Chung , Spino Michael , Tricta Fernando 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimsIn light of the growing recognition of renal disease in thalassemia, it is important to understand the impact of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of iron chelators. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and safety of the iron chelator deferiprone (DFP) in subjects with renal impairment in comparison with healthy volunteers (HVs).MethodsThirty‐two subjects were categorized into four groups based on degree of renal impairment: none, mild, moderate or severe, as determined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). All subjects received a single oral dose of 33 mg kg−1 DFP, provided serum and urine samples for pharmacokinetic assessment over 24 h and were monitored for safety.ResultsRenal clearance of DFP decreased as renal impairment increased. However, based on Cmax, AUC(0,t) and AUC(0,∞), there were no significant group differences in systemic exposure, because less than 4% of the drug was excreted unchanged in the urine. DFP is extensively metabolized to a renally excreted, pharmacologically inactive metabolite, deferiprone 3‐O‐glucuronide (DFP‐G), which exhibited higher Cmax, AUC(0,t), AUC(0,∞) and longer tmax and t1/2 in the renally impaired groups compared with HVs. The Cmax and AUCs of DFP‐G increased as eGFR decreased. Overall, 75%–95% of the dose was retrieved in urine, either as DFP or DFP‐G, regardless of severity of renal impairment. With respect to safety, DFP was well tolerated.ConclusionsThese data suggest that no adjustment of the DFP dosage regimen in patients with renal impairment is necessary, as there were no significant changes in the systemic exposure to the drug.
Nonparametric Analysis of Competing Risks Data with Event Category Missing at Random
Authors: Gouskova Natalia A. , Lin Feng-Chang , Fine Jason P. 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARY
In competing risks setup, the data for each subject consist of the event time, censoring indicator, and event category. However, sometimes the information about the event category can be missing, as, for example, in a case when the date of death is known but the cause of death is not available. In such situations, treating subjects with missing event category as censored leads to the underestimation of the hazard functions. We suggest nonparametric estimators for the cumulative cause-specific hazards and the cumulative incidence functions which use the Nadaraya–Watson estimator to obtain the contribution of an event with missing category to each of the cause-specific hazards. We derive the propertied of the proposed estimators. Optimal bandwidth is determined, which minimizes the mean integrated squared errors of the proposed estimators over time. The methodology is illustrated using data on lung infections in patients from the United States Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry.
Injunctions as a Legal Weapon in Collective Industrial Disputes in Britain, 2005–2014
Authors: Gall Gregor 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article examines the frequency, nature and outcomes of employers seeking injunctions against strikes and industrial action mounted by unions between 2005 and 2014. The number of actual and threatened applications continues to be relatively high compared with the previous period when strike levels were significantly higher, with employers continuing to gain overwhelmingly successful outcomes. Yet, usage is increasingly concentrated in a small number of industrial sectors, suggesting the notion of ‘strike effectiveness’ provides the best means by which to explain their relative frequency and presence. Comparative analysis with Ireland highlights the specificity of the nature of British legal regulation of employers seeking injunctive relief.
Liberalization Only at the Margins? Analysing the Growth of Temporary Work in German Core Manufacturing Sectors
Authors: Benassi Chiara 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDrawing on workers’ surveys and workplace interviews, this article investigates the growth of temporary work in German manufacturing sectors since the 1980s. Findings partly confirm a ‘dualization’ scenario as workers without industry‐specific vocational training are more likely to be on a temporary contract than skilled workers, and the gap has widened over time. However, also skilled workers have become increasingly vulnerable to casualization due to job routine and the erosion of industrial relations. Evidence confirms the crucial role of institutions in supporting the linkage between specific skills and employment stability, and suggests that the liberalization of the employment relationship has the potential to advance also in the core of the German economy.
Dental implants in the elderly population: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Srinivasan Murali , Meyer Simon , Mombelli Andrea , Müller Frauke 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review was conducted to evaluate the outcome of dental implant therapy in elderly patients (≥65 years).Material and MethodsOnline database and hand searches were systematically performed to identify studies reporting on dental implants placed in the partially/completely edentulous jaws of elderly patients. Only prospective studies reporting on regular‐diameter (≥3 mm), micro‐rough surface implants were included in this review. Two investigators performed the search and data extraction. An inter‐investigator reliability was verified using kappa statistics (κ). A meta‐analysis was performed on implant survival rates, while the mean peri‐implant marginal bone level changes (PI‐MBL), technical/mechanical complications, and biological complications were reported descriptively.ResultsThe systematic search yielded 2221 publications, of which 11 studies were included for statistical analyses. The calculated κ for the various parameters extracted was κ = 0.818–1.000. A meta‐analysis was performed on the post‐loading implant survival rates at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years. The random‐effects model revealed an overall 1‐year implant survival of 97.7% (95% CI: 95.8, 98.8; I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.968; n = 11 studies). The model further revealed an overall implant survival of 96.3% (95% CI: 92.8, 98.1; I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.618; n = 6 studies), 96.2% (95% CI: 93.0, 97.9; I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.850; n = 7 studies), and 91.2% (95% CI: 83.4, 95.6; I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.381; n = 3 studies) for 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. The reported 1‐year average PI‐MBL ranged between 0.1 and 0.3 mm, while the reported 5‐ and 10‐year PI‐MBL were 0.7 and 1.5 mm, respectively. Information obtained pertaining to the technical and biological complications in the included studies was inadequate for statistical analysis. The frequent technical/mechanical complications reported were abutment screw loosening, fracture of the overdenture prostheses, activation of retentive clips, ceramic chipping, and fractures. The common biological complication reported included peri‐implant mucositis, mucosal enlargement, bone loss, pain, and implant loss.ConclusionsThis review provides robust evidence favoring dental implant therapy in elderly patients as a predictable long‐term treatment option, in terms of implant survival, clinically acceptable PI‐MBL changes, and minimal complications. Therefore, age alone should not be a limiting factor for dental implant therapy.
Skin disease symptoms and related risk factors among young workers in high‐risk jobs
Authors: Aktas Emine , Esin M. Nihal 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundOccupational skin diseases are the one of the most frequent diseases in many industrialized countries. The studies about skin disease (SD) on young workers were limited.ObjectivesIn this study, we aim to evaluate the prevalence of SD symptoms and related risk factors among young workers in high‐risk occupations.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was undertaken between 2011 and 2012 in two vocational training centres. We included 455 young workers who were working as hairdressers, jewellers, or car mechanics. Data were collected with the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire, which was adapted to Turkish for young workers.ResultsThe average age of the young workers was 17.9 ± 1.7 years. Of the 455 young workers, 52.7% were female and 47.3% were male. During the previous 12 months, the prevalences of the total SD symptoms, hand/forearm eczema symptoms and urticaria symptoms were 49.7%, 44.4%, and 13.4%, respectively. Those who worked as car mechanics were 5.8 times more likely [odds ratio (OR) 5.81, 95%CI: 2.58–13.10) to have a dry skin type, 2.9 times more likely (OR 2.86, 95%CI: 1.72–4.75) to work for >12 h daily, 2.6 times more likely (OR 2.59, 95%CI: 1.25–5.35) to have worked for >5 years, and 3.0 times more likely (OR 3.05, 95%CI: 1.14–8.14) to have SD symptoms.ConclusionThe results indicate that young workers in high‐risk jobs have a high frequency of skin symptoms. These results could provide a basis for occupational health professionals to plan prevention programmes for young workers.
A Reform That Includes Eco‐Justice
Authors: Gebara Ivone 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article argues that in order to think seriously about an eco‐reformation, we must take the experience of daily life as central to theology. Too often reformations begin with trying to apply traditional theologies and scriptures to contemporary contexts; this is akin to cutting and pasting abstract ideas and scriptures written in other times and cultures onto the present. Instead, the daily, lived experiences of Christians living through periods of climate change should be the basis of the eco‐reformation that is needed. Such a method is able to look at theology and scripture as possible ecological problems in need of new interpretations from within the context of a changing climate.
The Pastoral Challenge of the Environmental Crisis: Environmental Anxiety and Lutheran Eco‐Reformation
Authors: Pihkala Panu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPlans for a Lutheran “eco‐reformation” are complicated by the polarization of views related to environmental issues. I argue that there is a special reason to take the agenda of eco‐reformation seriously: a widespread and often unconscious environmental anxiety, which posits a pastoral and existential challenge that must be addressed by the churches. I contextualize the challenge of eco‐reformation in the historical context of Lutheran eco‐theology. Finally, I briefly discuss two key themes for Lutheran eco‐theology: God's presence in nature and the theology of the cross.
Host plant preference and offspring performance of a leaf‐mining moth, Caloptilia fraxinella, on two Fraxinus species
Authors: Wist Tyler J. , Evenden Maya L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe preference‐performance or ‘mother‐knows‐best’ hypothesis states that female insects choose to oviposit on a host plant that increases the performance of their offspring. This positive link between host plant choice and larval performance is especially important for leaf miners with non‐motile larvae that are entirely dependent upon the oviposition choice of the female for host plant location. Preference and performance of the ash leaf coneroller, Caloptilia fraxinella (Ely) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), a specialist on ash trees, Fraxinus spp. (Oleaceae), were tested in a series of laboratory and field experiments. Female C. fraxinella were exposed to two closely related hosts, black ash, Fraxinus nigra Marshall, and green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. subintegerrima (Vahl), in oviposition choice and wind tunnel flight experiments to determine which host is most attractive for oviposition. Caloptilia fraxinella females were inconsistent in host choice, yet performance of larvae was greater on green than black ash. In preference studies, C. fraxinella preferred to oviposit on black ash when leaflets were removed from the tree, but preferred intact green ash over black ash seedlings for oviposition and host location in a wind tunnel. In the field, however, more C. fraxinella visited black ash var. ‘Fallgold’ at leaf flush than green ash at the same sites. Age of the ash leaflet also influences oviposition in this leaf miner and females preferred new over old leaflets for oviposition. Performance of C. fraxinella larvae was evaluated in field and laboratory experiments and was greater on green ash than on black ash in both experiments based on larval survival and development time parameters. The stronger oviposition and host location preference in the field for black ash were not linked to enhanced performance of offspring, as green ash was the superior host, supporting higher larval survival and faster development. A stronger host location preference in the wind tunnel for green ash over black ash, however, suggests that under certain circumstances with this moth species, ‘mother (may) know best’.
SCN8A encephalopathy: Research progress and prospects
Authors: Meisler Miriam H. , Helman Guy , Hammer Michael F. , Fureman Brandy E. , Gaillard William D. , Goldin Alan L. , Hirose Shinichi , Ishii Atsushi , Kroner Barbara L. , Lossin Christoph , Mefford Heather C. , Parent Jack M. , Patel Manoj , Schreiber John , Stewart Randall , Whittemore Vicky , Wilcox Karen , Wagnon Jacy L , Pearl Phillip L. , Vanderver Adeline , Scheffer Ingrid E. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryOn April 21, 2015, the first SCN8A Encephalopathy Research Group convened in Washington, DC, to assess current research into clinical and pathogenic features of the disorder and prepare an agenda for future research collaborations. The group comprised clinical and basic scientists and representatives of patient advocacy groups. SCN8A encephalopathy is a rare disorder caused by de novo missense mutations of the sodium channel gene SCN8A, which encodes the neuronal sodium channel Nav1.6. Since the initial description in 2012, approximately 140 affected individuals have been reported in publications or by SCN8A family groups. As a result, an understanding of the severe impact of SCN8A mutations is beginning to emerge. Defining a genetic epilepsy syndrome goes beyond identification of molecular etiology. Topics discussed at this meeting included (1) comparison between mutations of SCN8A and the SCN1A mutations in Dravet syndrome, (2) biophysical properties of the Nav1.6 channel, (3) electrophysiologic effects of patient mutations on channel properties, (4) cell and animal models of SCN8A encephalopathy, (5) drug screening strategies, (6) the phenotypic spectrum of SCN8A encephalopathy, and (7) efforts to develop a bioregistry. A panel discussion of gaps in bioregistry, biobanking, and clinical outcomes data was followed by a planning session for improved integration of clinical and basic science research. Although SCN8A encephalopathy was identified only recently, there has been rapid progress in functional analysis and phenotypic classification. The focus is now shifting from identification of the underlying molecular cause to the development of strategies for drug screening and prioritized patient care.
Changes in pediatric waist circumference percentiles despite reported pediatric weight stabilization in the United States
Authors: Fernández J. R. , Bohan Brown M. , López‐Alarcón M. , Dawson J. A. , Guo F. , Redden D. T. , Allison D. B. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundObesity is a global health concern but the United States has reported a leveling in obesity rates in the pediatric population.ObjectiveTo provide updated waist circumference (WC) percentile values, identify differences across time and discuss differences within the context of reported weight stabilization in a nationally representative sample of American children.MethodsPercentiles for WC in self‐identified African Americans (AA), European Americans (EA) and Mexican Americans (MA) were obtained from 2009–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (NHANES2014). Descriptive trends across time in 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentile WC distributions were identified by comparing NHANES2012 with previously reported NHANESIII (1988–1994).ResultsWC increased in a monotonic fashion in AA, EA and MA boys and girls. When compared with NHANESIII data, a clear left shift of percentile categories was observed such that values that used to be in the 90th percentile are now in the 85th percentile. Differences in WC were observed in EA and MA boys during a reported period of weight stabilization.Conclusion and RelevanceWC has changed in the US pediatric population across time, even during times of reported weight stabilization, particularly among children of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds.