bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Removable Mandibular Retractor vs the Boneanchored Intermaxillary Traction in the Correction of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hajeer Mohammad Y , Majanni Abdulmalek MR 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
No randomized controlled trial has tried to compare early class III treatment outcomes between the removable mandibular retractor (RMR) and the bone-anchored intermaxillary traction (BAIMT). The objective of this study was to evaluate skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue changes following early class III treatment with these two treatment modalities.

Materials and methods
A parallel group randomized controlled trial was conducted on patients with class III malocclusion, treated at the University of Al-Baath Dental School in Hamah, Syria. Ninetythree children with skeletal class III malocclusion were evaluated and 41 children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Randomization was performed using computer-generated tables; allocation was concealed using sequentially numbered opaque and sealed envelopes. Thirty-eight participants were analyzed (mean age 11.46 ± 1.28 years). They were randomly distributed into two groups receiving either the RMR or the BAIMT technique with 19 children in each (1:1 allocation ratio). The primary outcome measure was the horizontal movement of points A, B, and Pogonion.

Results
Point A showed greater anterior movement in the BAIMT group (x̄ = 1.69 mm) than in the RMR group (x̄ = 1.05 mm; p < 0.001). Points B and Pog showed posterior movement in the BAIMT group (x̄ = −3.01 and −2.51 mm respectively) and anterior movements in the RMR group (x̄ = 0.22 and 0.78 mm respectively).

Conclusion
The BAIMT appeared to be more effective than the RMR in the correction of mild to moderate class III malocclusion in growing patients.

Clinical significance
Bone-anchored intermaxillary elastics appears to be a promising solution for class III growing patients with mild to moderate degrees of skeletal discrepancy.

How to cite this article
Majanni AMR, Hajeer MY. The Removable Mandibular Retractor vs the Bone-anchored Intermaxillary Traction in the Correction of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(5):361-371.
Hydrolytic and Color Stability of Resin Infiltration: A Preliminary in vitro Trial
Authors: Ritwik Priyanshi , Jones Christopher M , Fan Yuwei , Sarkar Nikhil K 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Aims
Resin infiltration is an emerging technique for management of noncavitated lesions. This study evaluated the in vitro hydrolytic and color stability of the ICON® resin infiltration system (IC) in 42 extracted human teeth.

Materials and methods
ICON® resin infiltration system was compared with dental adhesive (DA) and dental sealant (DS). The products were applied according to manufacturer's instructions. The baseline weight and color of the samples were recorded. Color was recorded by spectoral colorimeter. The samples were subjected to four experimental conditions: (1) group 1: Stored in lactic acid solution (pH 4.9) for 24 hours; (2) group 2: Thermocycled for 100 cycles (temperatures: 5°C, 55°C, and dwell time of 15 seconds); (3) group 3: Stored in 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution (pH 12.48) for 14 days at 60°C; (4) group 4: Stored in phosphate-buffered saline solution (pH 7.2) at 37°C for 4 months. The weight and color were recorded again after removal of the samples from the experimental conditions. Two-factor analysis of variance models and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference were performed to assess statistical differences among the groups. Scanning electron microscopy imaging was performed for samples from groups 1, 3, and 4.

Results
All the samples showed loss of material and change in color. In the demineralizing solution, IC showed significantly greater weight loss (p = 0.032) and color change (p = 0.038) compared with DA. Dental Sealant showed significantly greater weight loss than IC (p = 0.027) after thermocycling. Teeth in group 3 exhibited the greatest weight loss (p < 0.001). Teeth in group 2 exhibited the greatest color change (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
All tested materials showed loss of retention and color change in the experimental conditions. Infiltration system exhibited greatest weight loss and color change in demineralizing solution. Dental sealant exhibited greatest weight loss upon thermocycling.

Clinical significance
Clinicians should be cautious about the limitations of retention and color stability when considering resin infiltration for incipient lesions.

How to cite this article
Ritwik P, Jones CM, Fan Y, Sarkar NK. Hydrolytic and Color Stability of Resin Infiltration: A Preliminary in vitro Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(5):377-381.
Assessment of Various Nutritional Parameters in Geriatric Patients Who underwent Different Prosthodontic Treatments
Authors: Aneja Sarita , Jeergal Vasanti A , Patel Alpesh , Bhardwaj Atul , Patel Nikunj 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Some relation exists between oral and general health with progressive aging. Certain risk factors are common between oral and systemic diseases. Absence of teeth also affects the oral health by altering the quality of life. Hence, the nutritional changes occurring in elderly patients following prosthodontic rehabilitation are evaluated.

Materials and methods
A total of 250 patients who underwent prosthodontic treatment for missing teeth were included for the study. Twice measurement of nutritional parameters was done: Initially at the time of diagnosis and then 5 months following commencement of the prosthodontic treatment. Dental analysis, evaluation of the diet, anthropometric assessment, and analysis of serum biochemical values were done in all the patients and tabulated records were maintained. Independent Student's t test and Tukey's test were done to assess the level of significance.

Results
A total of 250 patients were included for the study. The complete denture (CD) group showed the highest alteration in the mean values of the nutritional parameters followed by the removable partial denture group. A significant change was seen in the body mass index, protein, carbohydrate, and iron levels among the different patients who were grouped based on the mode of treatment modality. The CD group showed significantly higher mean change in carbohydrates value compared with mean change in patients receiving fixed treatment.

Conclusion
Both nutrition and diet form an integral part of the prosthodontic treatment to maintain the health of elderly population.

Clinical significance
With the advancement in the level of edentulism, rehabilitation by prosthetic treatment has become progressively important to restore and improve dietary parameters.

How to cite this article
Aneja S, Jeergal VA, Patel A, Bhardwaj A, Patel N, Shah V. Assessment of Various Nutritional Parameters in Geriatric Patients Who underwent Different Prosthodontic Treatments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(5):408-413.
A post-wildfire response in cave dripwater chemistry
Authors: Nagra Gurinder , Treble Pauline C. , Andersen Martin S. , Fairchild Ian J. , Coleborn Katie , Baker Andy 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Surface disturbances above a cave have the potential to impact cave dripwater discharge, isotopic composition and solute concentrations, which may subsequently be recorded in the stalagmites forming from these dripwaters. One such disturbance is wildfire; however, the effects of wildfire on cave chemistry and hydrology remains poorly understood. Using dripwater data monitored at two sites in a shallow cave, beneath a forest, in southwest Australia, we provide one of the first cave monitoring studies conducted in a post-fire regime, which seeks to identify the effects of wildfire and post-fire vegetation dynamics on dripwater δ18O composition and solute concentrations. We compare our post-wildfire δ18O data with predicted dripwater δ18O using a forward model based on measured hydro-climatic influences alone. This helps to delineate hydro-climatic and fire-related influences on δ18O. Further we also compare our data with both data from Golgotha Cave – which is in a similar environment but was not influenced by this particular fire – as well as regional groundwater chemistry, in an attempt to determine the extent to which wildfire affects dripwater chemistry. We find in our forested shallow cave that δ18O is higher after the fire relative to modelled δ18O. We attribute this to increased evaporation due to reduced albedo and canopy cover. The solute response post-fire varied between the two drip sites: at Site 1a, which had a large tree above it that was lost in the fire, we see a response reflecting both a reduction in tree water use and a removal of nutrients (Cl, Mg, Sr, and Ca) from the surface and subsurface. Solutes such as SO4 and K maintain high concentrations, due to the abundance of above-ground ash. At Site 2a, which was covered by lower–middle storey vegetation, we see a solute response reflecting evaporative concentration of all studied ions (Cl, Ca, Mg, Sr, SO4, and K) similar to the trend in δ18O for this drip site. We open a new avenue for speleothem science in fire-prone regions, focusing on the geochemical records of speleothems as potential palaeo-fire archives.
Utopian Studies in Portugal
Authors: Vieira Fátima 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Although the idea of utopia has always been intertwined with both the concept of maritime space and the Portuguese “myth-history,” the Portuguese have never generated a truly utopian literary tradition. Still, close contact with French and English literature resulted in the production of some utopias and dystopias, which this article briefly describes. The article further explains how the funding model for academic research in Portugal has shaped the way the field of utopian studies has developed in the country.
Utopia: Brazilian Translations in Context
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Cláudia Romano 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis article provides a general overview of the presence of utopia and utopian thought in Brazil. After a brief presentation of the research groups on utopia based in Brazilian universities, the reader will find some examples of the presence of the utopian ideal in political-social movements and in literature. Further on, the editions of Utopia translated into Brazilian Portuguese are reviewed, revealing much about the local history of book printing and translation. This article will eventually present the author's own project of translating More's Libellus aureus, which consists in trying to reproduce the stylistic features of the Latin text, such as word- and sound play, to reveal a manner of expression that is rarely preserved in translations but which is, nonetheless, highly significant.
The Hungarian Translations of Thomas More'sUtopia
Authors: Czigányik Zsolt 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe first Hungarian translation of Utopia by Ferenc Kelen was published rather belatedly in 1910, followed by an abridged translation in 1941, by László Geréb. Two years later a new, precise but modern translation was prepared by Tibor Kardos. A shorter selection of More's original was also published in the fifties in András Bodor's translation. Until the 1963 edition of Kardos's translation, Utopia was presented as an important text in social philosophy, with detailed introductions, afterwords, and notes to the text. Recent editions usually place the emphasis on the literary qualities of the text. All the translations are based on the Latin version, usually the 1518 Frobenius (Basel) edition or Michels and Ziegler's 1895 critical edition. The presence of the paratext varies in the different translations: More's letter to Giles is usually translated, yet most of the other parerga are ignored. Recent editions are usually illustrated, with the illustrations often (but not always) based on the 1518 Frobenius edition. The absence of a Hungarian translation in the first four centuries after the first publication of More's Utopia is counterweighted by not fewer than eleven editions in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
A survey of sow management at farrowing in the UK
Authors: Ison SH , Jarvis S , Rutherford KMD 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFarrowing is an important period in pig production, with sow health and piglet mortality representing a welfare issue and an economic loss. Sow health and welfare is critical for piglet survival and good management can improve welfare and productivity. This study investigated the management of sows around farrowing and attitudes of UK pig farmers towards sow pain and difficulty farrowing. Farmers were asked how often they provided night checks, used farrowing induction and administered pharmaceutical products during and after farrowing. Farmers and veterinarians were asked if they used or prescribed anti-inflammatories for farrowing-related health issues. Farmers were asked if pain at farrowing was a problem for gilts and sows and what percentage they considered to have difficulty farrowing. Convenience sampling using a number of distribution methods was used. Sixty-one farmers and 52 veterinarians responded. Of the farmer respondents, ten worked on outdoor and 51 on indoor farms. Night checks were reported as frequently provided and farrowing induction was rare. Many respondents reported using oxytocin substitutes at least sometimes during (74%) or after (54%) farrowing. Azaperone was reported to be used at least sometimes by 45% of respondents during and 33% after farrowing. Farmers indicated that pain at farrowing was more often a problem for gilts than sows and 5% of gilts and 4% of sows were considered to have farrowing difficulty. The high level of supervision around farrowing, with the use of night checks, is encouraging and could improve welfare. Frequent use of oxytocin substitutes, which promote farrowing and milk let-down may negatively impact sow and piglet welfare and could be masking poor mothers that fail to perform well without intervention. This study provides interesting information regarding the management of sows around farrowing, which could inform future research and education to improve sow and piglet welfare in the periparturient period.
Fast men slow more than fast women in a 10 kilometer road race
Authors: Deaner Robert O. , Addona Vittorio , Carter Rickey E. , Joyner Michael J. , Hunter Sandra K. 
Published: July 2016

Background.Previous studies have demonstrated that men are more likely than women to slow in the marathon (footrace). This study investigated whether the sex difference in pacing occurs for a shorter race distance.Materials &Methods.Data were acquired from the Bolder Boulder 10 km road race for the years 2008–2013, which encompassed 191,693 performances. There were two pacing measures, percentage change in pace of the first 3 miles relative to the final 3.2 miles and percentage change in pace of the first mile relative to the final 5.2 miles. Pacing was analyzed as a continuous variable and as two categorical variables, as follows: “maintain the pace,” defined as slowing <5% and “marked slowing,” defined as slowing ≥10%.Results.Among the fastest (men< 48:40;women< 55:27) and second fastest (men< 53:54;women< 60:28) sex-specific finishing time sextiles, men slowed significantly more than women with both pacing measures, but there were no consistently significant sex differences in pacing among the slower four sextiles. For the fastest sextile, the odds for women were 1.96 (first pacing measure) and 1.36 (second measure) times greater than men to maintain the pace. For the fastest sextile, the odds for women were 0.46 (first measure) and 0.65 (second measure) times that of men to exhibit marked slowing. Multiple regression indicated that being older was associated with lesser slowing, but the sex difference among faster runners persisted when age was controlled.Conclusions.There was a sex difference in pacing during a 10 km race where glycogen depletion is not typically relevant. These results support the hypothesis that the sex difference in pacing partly reflects a sex difference in decision making.
Emotional intelligence and depressive symptoms in Spanish institutionalized elders: does emotional self-efficacy act as a mediator?
Authors: Luque-Reca Octavio , Augusto-Landa José María , Pulido-Martos Manuel 
Published: July 2016

Background.This work examines the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and depressive symptomatology in institutionalized older adults, delving into the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Considering that previous evidence of the variation of the EI-depression relationship depending on whether the emotional ability or the perception of that ability is evaluated, a model of multiple mediation was tested in which the dimensions of emotional self-efficacy (ESE) act as mediators in the relationship between ability EI and depressive symptomatology.Methods.The sample consisted of 115 institutionalized older adults (47.82% women; 80.3 ± 7.9 years of age) from the province of Jaén (Spain) who completed a test of ESE, a measure of ability EI, and a self-administered questionnaire of depressive symptoms.Results.The results showed a positive association between older adults’ emotional performance and depressive symptomatology, finding stronger associations with ESE than with EI abilities. In addition, multiple mediation analyses showed that two of the four dimensions of ESE fully mediated the relationship between ability EI and depressive symptoms.Discussion.These findings suggest that older adults’ high levels of emotional competence generate a feeling of ESE which can protect them against depressive symptoms. This work supports the predictive validity of emotional abilities and ESE for the mental health of a group that is particularly vulnerable to depression, institutionalized older adults. The limitations of the work are discussed, and future lines of research were considered.
Impact of agricultural management on bacterial laccase-encoding genes with possible implications for soil carbon storage in semi-arid Mediterranean olive farming
Authors: Moreno Beatriz , Benitez Emilio 
Published: July 2016

Background:In this work, we aimed to gain insights into the contribution of soil bacteria to carbon sequestration in Mediterranean habitats. In particular, we aimed to use bacterial laccase-encoding genes as molecular markers for soil organic C cycling. Using rainfed olive farming as an experimental model, we determined the stability and accumulation levels of humic substances and applied these data to bacterial laccase-encoding gene expression and diversity in soils under four different agricultural management systems (bare soils under tillage/no tillage and vegetation cover under chemical/mechanical management).Materials and Methods:Humic C (> 104Da) was subjected to isoelectric focusing. The GC-MS method was used to analyze aromatic hydrocarbons. Real-Time PCR quantification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for functional bacterial laccase-like multicopper oxidase (LMCO)-encoding genes and transcripts were also carried out.Results:Soils under spontaneous vegetation, eliminated in springtime using mechanical methods for more than 30 years, showed the highest humic acid levels as well as the largest bacterial population rich in laccase genes and transcripts. The structure of the bacterial community based on LMCO genes also pointed to phylogenetic differences between these soils due to the impact of different management systems. Soils where herbicides were used to eliminate spontaneous vegetation once a year and those where pre-emergence herbicides resulted in bare soils clustered together for DNA-based DGGE analysis, which indicated a certain amount of microbial selection due to the application of herbicides. When LMCO-encoding gene expression was studied, soils where cover vegetation was managed either with herbicides or with mechanical methods showed less than 10% similarity, suggesting that the type of weed management strategy used can impact weed community composition and consequently laccase substrates derived from vegetation decay.Conclusions:We suggest that the low humic acid content retrieved in the herbicide-treated soils was mainly related to the type (due to vegetal cover specialization) and smaller quantity (due to lower vegetal biomass levels) of phenolic substrates for laccase enzymes involved in humification processes. We also found that spontaneous vegetal cover managed using mechanical methods could be the best option for achieving C stabilization in rainfed Mediterranean agroecosystems.
The influence of Southern Ocean surface buoyancy forcing on glacial‐interglacial changes in the global deep ocean stratification
Authors: Sun S. , Eisenman I. , Stewart A. L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that the global ocean density stratification below ∼3000 m is approximately set by its direct connection to the Southern Ocean surface density, which in turn is constrained by the atmosphere. Here the role of Southern Ocean surface forcing in glacial‐interglacial stratification changes is investigated using a comprehensive climate model and an idealized conceptual model. Southern Ocean surface forcing is found to control the global deep ocean stratification up to ∼2000 m, which is much shallower than previously thought and contrary to the expectation that the North Atlantic surface forcing should strongly influence the ocean at intermediate depths. We show that this is due to the approximately fixed surface freshwater fluxes, rather than a fixed surface density distribution in the Southern Ocean as was previously assumed. These results suggest that Southern Ocean surface freshwater forcing controls glacial‐interglacial stratification changes in much of the deep ocean.
Precipitation δ18O over the Himalaya‐Tibet orogen from ECHAM5‐wiso simulations: Statistical analysis of temperature, topography and precipitation
Authors: Mutz Sebastian G. , Ehlers Todd A. , Li Jingmin , Steger Christian , Paeth Heiko , Werner Martin , Poulsen Christopher J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractVariations in oxygen isotope compositions (δ18O) provide insight into modern climate and past changes in climate and topography. In addition, in regions such as Tibet, geologic archives of isotope ratios record climate change driven by plateau uplift and therefore also provide information about the surface uplift history. A good understanding of modern‐day controls on δ18O is crucial for interpreting geologic δ18O in this context. We use the ECHAM5‐wiso global atmospheric general circulation model to calculate δ18O in precipitation (δ18Op) for the present‐day climate. In the region of the Tibetan Plateau, spatial variations of monthly means of δ18Op are statistically related to spatial variations of 2 m air temperature and precipitation rate, as well as to topography. The size and location of investigated regions are varied in our study to capture regional differences in these relationships and the processes governing the modern δ18Op. In addition to correlation analyses, a cross‐validated stepwise multiple regression is carried out using δ18Op as the predictand, and topography and atmospheric variables (temperature and precipitation amount) as predictors. The 2 m air temperature and topography yield the highest spatial correlation coefficients of >0.9 and < −0.9, respectively, throughout most of the year. Particularly high correlation coefficients are calculated for the region along the Himalayan orogeny and parts of western China. The predictors explain >90% of the δ18Op spatial variance in the same regions. The 2 m air temperature is the dominant predictor and contributes 93.6% to the total explained spatial variance on average. The results demonstrate that most of the δ18Op pattern on and around the Tibetan Plateau can be explained by variation in 2 m air temperature and altitude. Correlation of the dependent predictors indicate that in low‐altitude regions where topography does not determine temperature variability, the high correlation of temperature and δ18Op may partially be explained by variations in precipitation rates.