bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Sport Activity Possible After Arthroscopic Meniscal Allograft Transplantation?
Authors: Zaffagnini Stefano , Grassi Alberto , Marcheggiani Muccioli Giulio Maria , Benzi Andrea , Roberti di Sarsina Tommaso , Signorelli Cecilia , Raggi Federico , Marcacci Maurilio 
Published: January 2016

Background: Meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) has produced good to excellent results in the general population; however, few investigations have examined MAT in athletes and sport-related outcomes. Purpose: To report midterm clinical outcomes of MAT and the rate of return to sport in a physically active population. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The study included all physically active patients who underwent arthroscopic MAT without bone plugs and had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up at a single institution. Clinical evaluation was performed with the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the Tegner activity scale, and a 0- to 100-point subjective scale for knee function and satisfaction. Outcomes evaluated included ability to return to sport, time to return to sport, level of sport activity upon return compared with preinjury level, and level of decrease in sport participation or reasons for not returning to sport participation. Comparisons were made between patients who did or did not return to sport and between patients who returned to the same level or a decreased level. Regression analysis was performed to determine the variables affecting the outcomes. Results: Eighty-nine patients, whose mean ± SD age at surgery was 38.5 ± 11.2 years, were evaluated to a mean follow-up of 4.2 ± 1.9 years. Total KOOS improved from a mean ± SD of 39.5 ± 18.5 preoperatively to 84.7 ± 14.8 at the latest follow-up ( P < .001). The Tegner score improved significantly from a median of 2 (interquartile range [IQR], 1-4) preoperatively to a median of 4 (IQR, 3-6) at the latest follow-up ( P < .001), although it did not reach the preinjury level of 6 (IQR, 5-7) ( P < .001). Older age at surgery was correlated with the worst clinical results. Sixty-six patients (74%) were able to return to sport after 8.6 ± 4.1 months. Forty-four (49%) returned to the same level as preinjury. Patients who did not return to sport activity and those who reduced their activity level at follow-up had inferior subjective outcomes compared with those who returned to sport and those who returned to their preinjury levels, respectively. Only 11 patients (12%) underwent a surgical procedure during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Arthroscopic MAT without bone plugs improved knee function and reduced pain, allowing sport resumption in 74% of patients and return to the preinjury activity level in 49% of patients at midterm follow-up. Of all the demographic and surgical variables, only age at surgery seemed to affect outcomes.
Arf6 controls platelet spreading and clot retraction via integrin αIIbβ3 trafficking
Authors: Huang Yunjie , Joshi Smita , Xiang Binggang , Kanaho Yasunori , Li Zhenyu , Bouchard Beth A. , Moncman Carole L. , Whiteheart Sidney W. 
Published: January 2016

Key PointsArf6 selectively regulates endocytic trafficking of platelet αIIbβ3. Endocytosis contributes to acute platelet function.
Unification of several distance functions and a common fixed point result
Authors: Abbas Mujahid , Ali Bashir , Suleiman Yusuf I 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this work, we initiate the notions of dislocated-$A_{b}$

A
b

-quasi-metric and $A_{b}$

A
b

-quasi-metric-like spaces. Then we establish the existence of a common fixed point of weakly compatible mappings satisfying a contractive condition on a closed neighborhood of dislocated $A_{b}$

A
b

-quasi-metric spaces. Some examples are given to show that these spaces are more general than various known comparable metric spaces. Our result unify, complement, and generalize various known results in the literature.
Translocator Protein (TSPO) Affects Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation in Steroidogenic Cells
Authors: Tu Lan N. , Zhao Amy H. , Hussein Mahmoud , Stocco Douglas M. , Selvaraj Vimal 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTranslocator protein (TSPO), also known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, is a highly conserved outer mitochondrial membrane protein present in specific subpopulations of cells within different tissues. In recent studies, the presumptive model depicting mammalian TSPO as a critical cholesterol transporter for steroidogenesis has been refuted by studies examining effects of Tspo gene deletion in vivo and in vitro, biochemical testing of TSPO cholesterol transport function, and specificity of TSPO-mediated pharmacological responses. Nevertheless, high TSPO expression in steroid-producing cells seemed to indicate an alternate function for this protein in steroidogenic mitochondria. To seek an explanation, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TSPO knockout steroidogenic MA-10 Leydig cell (MA-10:TspoΔ/Δ) clones to examine changes to core mitochondrial functions resulting from TSPO deficiency. We observed that 1) MA-10:TspoΔ/Δ cells had a shift in substrate utilization for energy production from glucose to fatty acids with significantly higher mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and increased reactive oxygen species production; and 2) oxygen consumption rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, and proton leak were not different between MA-10:TspoΔ/Δ and MA-10:Tspo+/+ control cells. Consistent with this finding, TSPO-deficient adrenal glands from global TSPO knockout (Tspo−/−) mice also showed up-regulation of genes involved in FAO compared with the TSPO floxed (Tspofl/fl) controls. These results demonstrate the first experimental evidence that TSPO can affect mitochondrial energy homeostasis through modulation of FAO, a function that appears to be consistent with high levels of TSPO expression observed in cell types active in lipid storage/metabolism.
A report of three cases and review of the literature on rectal disruption following abdominal seatbelt trauma
Authors: El Kafsi J , Kraus R , Guy R 
Published: January 2016

Seatbelt associated blunt trauma to the rectum is a rare but well recognised injury. The exact mechanism of hollow visceral injury in blunt trauma is unclear. Stress and shear waves generated by abdominal compression may in part account for injury to gas containing structures. A ‘seatbelt sign’ (linear ecchymosis across the abdomen in the distribution of the lap belt) should raise the suspicion of hollow visceral injuries and can be more severe with disruption of the abdominal wall musculature. Three consecutive cases of rectal injury following blunt abdominal trauma, requiring emergency laparotomy and resection, are described. Lumbar spine injury occurred in one case and in the other two cases, there was injury to the iliac wing of the pelvis; all three cases sustained significant abdominal wall contusion or muscle disruption. Abdominal wall reconstruction and closure posed a particular challenge, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The literature on this topic is reviewed and potential mechanisms of injury are discussed.
A review of the surgical conversion rate and independent management of spinal extended scope practitioners in a secondary care setting
Authors: Wood L , Hendrick P , Boszczyk B , Dunstan E 
Published: January 2016

Introduction Spinal orthopaedic triage aims to reduce unnecessary referrals to surgical consultants, thereby reducing waiting times to be seen by a surgeon and to surgical intervention. This paper presents an evaluation of a spinal orthopaedic triage service in the third largest spinal unit in the UK. Methods A retrospective service evaluation spanning 2012 to 2014 was undertaken by members of the extended scope practitioner (ESP) team to evaluate the ESPs’ ability to manage patient care independently and triage surgical referrals appropriately. Data collected included rates of independent management, referral rates for surgical consideration and conversion to surgery. Patient satisfaction rates were evaluated retrospectively from questionnaires given to 5% of discharged patients. Results A total of 2,651 patients were seen. The vast majority (92%) of all referrals seen by ESPs were managed independently. Only 8% required either a discussion with a surgeon to confirm management or for surgical review. Of the latter, 81% were considered to be suitable surgical referrals. A 99% satisfaction rate was reported by discharged patients. Conclusions ESP services in a specialist spinal service are effective in managing spinal conditions conservatively and identifying surgical candidates appropriately. Further research is needed to confirm ESPs’ diagnostic accuracy, patient outcomes and cost effectiveness.
Student evaluations of teaching (mostly) do not measure teaching effectiveness
Authors: Boring Anne , Ottoboni Kellie , Stark Philip B. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Student evaluations of teaching (SET) are widely used in academic personnel decisions as a measure of teaching effectiveness. We show:

SET are biased against female instructors by an amount that is large and statistically significant.

The bias affects how students rate even putatively objective aspects of teaching, such as how promptly assignments are graded.

The bias varies by discipline and by student gender, among other things.

It is not possible to adjust for the bias, because it depends on so many factors.

SET are more sensitive to students’ gender bias and grade expectations than they are to teaching effectiveness.

Gender biases can be large enough to cause more effective instructors to get lower SET than less effective instructors.

These findings are based on nonparametric statistical tests applied to two datasets: 23,001 SET of 379 instructors by 4,423 students in six mandatory first-year courses in a five-year natural experiment at a French university, and 43 SET for four sections of an online course in a randomized, controlled, blind experiment at a US university.
Functional Interplay of Two Paralogs Encoding SWI/SNF Chromatin-Remodeling Accessory Subunits DuringCaenorhabditis elegansDevelopment
Authors: Ertl Iris , Porta-de-la-Riva Montserrat , Gómez-Orte Eva , Rubio-Peña Karinna , Aristizábal-Corrales David , Cornes Eric , Fontrodona Laura , Osteikoetxea Xabier , Ayuso Cristina , Askjaer Peter , Cabello Juan , Cerón Julián 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes have been related to several cellular processes such as transcription, regulation of chromosomal stability, and DNA repair. The Caenorhabditis elegans gene ham-3 (also known as swsn-2.1) and its paralog swsn-2.2 encode accessory subunits of SWI/SNF complexes. Using RNA interference (RNAi) assays and diverse alleles we investigated whether ham-3 and swsn-2.2 have different functions during C. elegans development since they encode proteins that are probably mutually exclusive in a given SWI/SNF complex. We found that ham-3 and swsn-2.2 display similar functions in vulva specification, germline development, and intestinal cell proliferation, but have distinct roles in embryonic development. Accordingly, we detected functional redundancy in some developmental processes and demonstrated by RNA sequencing of RNAi-treated L4 animals that ham-3 and swsn-2.2 regulate the expression of a common subset of genes but also have specific targets. Cell lineage analyses in the embryo revealed hyper-proliferation of intestinal cells in ham-3 null mutants whereas swsn-2.2 is required for proper cell divisions. Using a proteomic approach, we identified SWSN-2.2-interacting proteins needed for early cell divisions, such as SAO-1 and ATX-2, and also nuclear envelope proteins such as MEL-28. swsn-2.2 mutants phenocopy mel-28 loss-of-function, and we observed that SWSN-2.2 and MEL-28 colocalize in mitotic and meiotic chromosomes. Moreover, we demonstrated that SWSN-2.2 is required for correct chromosome segregation and nuclear reassembly after mitosis including recruitment of MEL-28 to the nuclear periphery.
On a Class of Optimal Type Covariate Adjusted Response Adaptive Allocations for Normal Treatment Responses
Authors: Bhattacharya Rahul , Bandyopadhyay Uttam 
Published: January 2016

In the context of clinical trials for comparing two treatments, a new class of covariate adjusted response adaptive procedures is developed to achieve a balance between clinical optimality and inferential precision. Assuming normally distributed responses, several exact and asymptotic properties are studied and compared with a reasonable alternative under the presence of treatment covariate interaction.
Value of total thyroidectomy for Graves' disease in eliminating the risk of recurrence and malignancy: retrospective database analysis of 574 Saudi Arabian patients in 10 years with 2 years follow up
Authors: Shirah Bader Hamza , Shirah Hamza Assad 
Published: January 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid gland and frequently results in hyperthyroidism and an enlarged thyroid. Treatment of Graves' disease includes antithyroid drugs, radioiodine (radioactive iodine I-131), and thyroidectomy, either total, or subtotal excision. In this paper, we aim to analyse the outcome of thyroidectomy performed on patients affected by Graves' disease in Medina – Saudi Arabia, and evaluate if thyroidectomy should be considered the first treatment option for all patients with Graves' disease.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective database analysis of the surgical treatment outcome of 574 Saudi Arabian patients who were affected with Graves' disease between January 2003 and December 2012 was done. The computerized database medical records were reviewed and analysed for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 194 (33.8%) patients were males, and 380 (66.2%) were females. The average age of patients was 44 ± 2 years. 154 (26.8%) had subtotal thyroidectomy, and 420 (73.2%) had total thyroidectomy performed. There was (0%) recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and (0%) intraoperative complication were recorded. With a follow up time of 2 years, 7 (1.22%) patients developed recurrent disease (all in subtotal thyroidectomy group). There were no recurrences in the total thyroidectomy patients, and 11 (1.9%) patients were found in histopathology to have papillary thyroid cancer (all in total thyroidectomy group).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We conclude that total thyroidectomy is a safe and effective treatment modality for Graves' disease that offers rapid and long-lasting results, in addition to eliminating the risk of recurrence and malignancy. It should be offered to all confirmed Graves' disease patients during counselling.</p>
Incidence of ear, nose and throat disorders in children: a study in a teaching hospital in Telangana
Authors: Surapaneni Harika , Sisodia Shalini Singh 
Published: January 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> ENT problems are very common among the children, especially diseases such as acute suppurative otitis media, acute tonsillitis, acute epiglottis, laryngotracheobronchitis, and rhinitis etc. Poor hygienic conditions, malnourishment, different socio-economic levels are also said to play a role in the prevalence of ENT disorders.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 417 children between the ages of 0-15, attending the ENT department in our hospital were included in the study. General demographic details such as age, sex, socio-economic status, clinical history, and examination for common ENT complaints and disorders was taken for all patients. Otoscopy for ear examination for diseases such as otitis media, ear perforation and ear discharge anterior rhinoscopy for nasal discharge, airway obstruction and infection were performed Presence of any adenoid hypertrophy was looked for. Throat examination was performed for any sign of tonsillitis or pharyngitis. Appropriate investigations such as X-rays, culture and sensitivity, etc were performed where necessary. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 258 (61.9%) patients were females while there were 159 (38.1%) males. More than 45% cases who had disorders were concentrated in the 6-15 years age group. Almost 75% of the children were from lower socio-economic status. Otitis media among the ear diseases, rhinitis in the nasal diseases and pharyngitis followed by tonsillitis in the diseases of the throat was found to be the most common.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study provides basic information of the prevalent disorders in ENT in our area, based on which we can take the relevant step towards development of the medical setup and treatment.
Activity of upper limb and trunk muscles during power walking
Authors: Kuhtz-Buschbeck Johann Peter , Frendel Antonia 
Published: January 2016

<p>Background: Arm swing is deliberately emphasized during power walking, a popular aerobic fitness exercise. Electromyographic (EMG) activation curves of arm and shoulder muscles during power walking have not yet been examined. Aim: To describe the amount and pattern of EMG activity of upper limb muscles during power walking. Data are compared to normal walking and jogging. Method: Twenty volunteers were examined on a treadmill at 6 km/h during (a) normal walking, (b) power walking, (c) jogging. EMG data were collected for the trapezius (TRAP), anterior (AD) and posterior deltoid (PD), biceps (BIC), triceps (TRI), latissimus dorsi (LD) and erector spinae (ES) muscles. Results: Activity of four muscles (AD, BIC, PD, TRAP) was three- to fivefold stronger during power walking than normal walking. Smaller significant increases involved the TRI, LD and ES. Two muscles (AD, TRAP) were more active during power walking than running. Normal walking and power walking involved similar EMG patterns of PD, LD, ES, while EMG patterns of running and walking differed. Interpretation: Emphasizing arm swing during power walking triples the EMG activity of upper limb muscles, compared to normal walking. Similar basic temporal muscle activation patterns in both modes of walking indicate a common underlying motor program. </p>
Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide Versus Placebo as Add-on to Glucose-Lowering Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate Renal Impairment (LIRA-RENAL): A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Davies Melanie J. , Bain Stephen C. , Atkin Stephen L. , Rossing Peter , Scott David , Shamkhalova Minara S. , Bosch-Traberg Heidrun , Syrén Annika , Umpierrez Guillermo E. 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
Renal impairment in type 2 diabetes limits available glucose-lowering treatment options. This trial was conducted to establish the efficacy and safety of liraglutide as an add-on to existing glucose-lowering medications in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this 26-week, double-blind trial, 279 patients with HbA1c 7–10%, BMI 20–45 kg/m2, and moderate renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2; MDRD) were randomized (1:1) to once-daily liraglutide 1.8 mg (n = 140) or placebo (n = 139).

RESULTS
The estimated treatment difference in HbA1c from baseline to week 26 was −0.66% (−7.25 mmol/mol) (95% CI −0.90 to −0.43 [−9.82 to −4.69]), P &lt; 0.0001). Fasting plasma glucose decreased more with liraglutide (−1.22 mmol/L [−22.0 mg/dL]) than with placebo (−0.57 mmol/L [−10.3 mg/dL], P = 0.036). There was a greater reduction in body weight with liraglutide (−2.41 kg) than with placebo (−1.09 kg, P = 0.0052). No changes in renal function were observed (eGFR relative ratio to baseline: −1% liraglutide, +1% placebo; estimated treatment ratio [ETR] 0.98, P = 0.36). The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects (liraglutide, 35.7%; placebo, 17.5%). No difference in hypoglycemic episodes was observed between treatment groups (event rate/100 patient-years of exposure: liraglutide, 30.47; placebo, 40.08; P = 0.54). The estimated ratio to baseline for lipase was 1.33 for liraglutide and 0.97 for placebo (ETR 1.37, P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Liraglutide did not affect renal function and demonstrated better glycemic control, with no increase in hypoglycemia risk but with higher withdrawals due to GI adverse events than placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment.
Type 2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Dementia in Women Compared With Men: A Pooled Analysis of 2.3 Million People Comprising More Than 100,000 Cases of Dementia
Authors: Chatterjee Saion , Peters Sanne A.E. , Woodward Mark , Mejia Arango Silvia , Batty G. David , Beckett Nigel , Beiser Alexa , Borenstein Amy R. , Crane Paul K. , Haan Mary , Hassing Linda B. , Hayden Kathleen M. , Kiyohara Yutaka , Larson Eric B. , Li Chung-Yi , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Ohara Tomoyuki , Peters Ruth , Russ Tom C. , Seshadri Sudha , Strand Bjørn H. , Walker Rod , Xu Weili , Huxley Rachel R. 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes confers a greater excess risk of cardiovascular disease in women than in men. Diabetes is also a risk factor for dementia, but whether the association is similar in women and men remains unknown. We performed a meta-analysis of unpublished data to estimate the sex-specific relationship between women and men with diabetes with incident dementia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A systematic search identified studies published prior to November 2014 that had reported on the prospective association between diabetes and dementia. Study authors contributed unpublished sex-specific relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs on the association between diabetes and all dementia and its subtypes. Sex-specific RRs and the women-to-men ratio of RRs (RRRs) were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses.

RESULTS
Study-level data from 14 studies, 2,310,330 individuals, and 102,174 dementia case patients were included. In multiple-adjusted analyses, diabetes was associated with a 60% increased risk of any dementia in both sexes (women: pooled RR 1.62 [95% CI 1.45–1.80]; men: pooled RR 1.58 [95% CI 1.38–1.81]). The diabetes-associated RRs for vascular dementia were 2.34 (95% CI 1.86–2.94) in women and 1.73 (95% CI 1.61–1.85) in men, and for nonvascular dementia, the RRs were 1.53 (95% CI 1.35–1.73) in women and 1.49 (95% CI 1.31–1.69) in men. Overall, women with diabetes had a 19% greater risk for the development of vascular dementia than men (multiple-adjusted RRR 1.19 [95% CI 1.08–1.30]; P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at ∼60% greater risk for the development of dementia compared with those without diabetes. For vascular dementia, but not for nonvascular dementia, the additional risk is greater in women.