bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Water Splitting Catalyzed by Cobalt Phosphide‐Based Nanoneedle Arrays Supported on Carbon Cloth
Authors: Wang Peng , Song Fang , Amal Rose , Ng Yun Hau , Hu Xile 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEfficient and low‐cost electrocatalysts for water splitting are essential for solar fuel production. Herein, we report that nanoarrays of CoP supported on carbon cloth are an efficient bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting. The catalyst exhibits remarkable activity for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media, delivering a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 281 mV for OER and 95 mV for HER. During electrocatalysis, the surface of the CoP catalyst was covered with a layer of CoOx, which was the active species. However, the CoP core and the nanoarray morphology contributed significantly to the activity.
Latent class analysis of the Apathy Scale does not identify subtypes of apathy in general population‐based older persons
Authors: Groeneweg‐Koolhoven Isis , Huitema Lotte J. , de Waal Margot W. M. , Stek Max L. , Gussekloo Jacobijn , van der Mast Roos C. , Rhebergen Didi 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo identify clinically relevant subtypes of apathy in older persons using latent class analysis (LCA) and investigate the distribution of different characteristics across these subtypes. Measurements: Cross‐sectional data of 122 older persons (mean age 84 years, 60% female) participating in the general population‐based PROactive Management Of Depression in the Elderly study, with apathy according to a score of 14 or higher on the Apathy Scale, were included for LCA. All 14 items of the Apathy Scale were used as indicator variables. Several characteristics were examined including sociodemographics, depressive, and anxiety symptoms; global cognitive function; quality of life indicators; hazardous alcohol intake (drinking ≥ 14 consumptions per week); and perceived chronic pain.ResultsThree distinct LCA classes were found classifying 17%, 7%, and 76% of the participants respectively. Individuals in the first class had a higher level of education and were less likely to live alone. Those in the second class had higher apathy and depression scores, lived more frequently alone and used more alcohol. Individuals in the third class showed a lower level of education and worse cognitive function. In multivariable multinomial analyses, only a lower educational level and higher scores on the Apathy Scale were significant predictors for class membership.ConclusionDifferences between LCA‐derived classes were minimal, suggesting that in a general population‐based cohort the Apathy Scale measures a homogeneous construct. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amyloid deposition in semantic dementia: a positron emission tomography study
Authors: Brown Eric E. , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel , Houle Sylvain , Mizrahi Romina , Wilson Alan A. , Pollock Bruce G. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Felsky Daniel , Voineskos Aristotle N. , Tang‐Wai David F. , Verhoeff Nicolaas P. L. G. , Freedman Morris , Ismail Zahinoor , Chow Tiffany W. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundPittsburgh compound B ([11C]‐PIB) identifies amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition in vivo. Asymptomatic Aβ deposition has been reported consistently in some healthy older subjects. Of patients with frontotemporal dementia, those who have later onset have a higher potential for Aβ deposition.ObjectiveComparison of Aβ deposition in Alzheimer's disease (AD), healthy older controls, and patients with early‐ and late‐onset semantic dementia (SD), a subtype of frontotemporal dementia.MethodsSubjects were recruited from tertiary academic care centers specializing in assessment and management of patients with neurodegenerative disease. We used the radiotracer [11C]‐PIB in a high‐resolution positron emission tomography scanner to evaluate 11 participants with SD (six with onset before age 65 and five with later onset), 9 with probable AD, and 10 controls over age 60. The main outcome measures were frontal, temporal, parietal, and total [11C]‐PIB standardized uptake value ratios to establish PIB‐positive (PIB+) cutoff.ResultsThe five patients with late‐onset SD were PIB‐negative. Two of six with early‐onset SD, seven of nine with AD, and 1 of 10 controls were PIB+. The SD participants who were PIB+ did not have memory or visuospatial deficits that are typical in AD.ConclusionsAβ deposition does not seem to be associated with late‐onset SD. Future larger studies might confirm whether a significant minority of early‐onset SD patients exhibit Aβ deposition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rigorous test of a model of employees' resource recovery mechanisms during a weekend
Authors: Ragsdale Jennifer M. , Beehr Terry A. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryEmployees' recovery from the effects of occupational stress can be affected by their actions during time away from work. Conservation of resources theory argues that a key to an effective stress recovery process is the replenishment of resources during off‐work time (a weekend in the present study). We test a model of the stress recovery process during a weekend whereby two recovery mechanisms (weekend activities and recovery experiences) improve two personal resources (self‐regulatory capacity and state optimism), subsequently affecting psychological outcomes (work engagement and burnout) at the start of the next workweek. Employees (n = 233) from various jobs responded to online surveys before and after a weekend. Controlling for pre‐weekend resource levels and psychological outcomes assessed on Friday, the two weekend stress recovery mechanisms (weekend activities and recovery experiences) contributed to improving or maintaining self‐regulatory and optimism resources on Monday. Of note, psychological detachment may result in less rather than more of the resource of state optimism on Monday. Monday resource levels were linked to improved work engagement and burnout. As proposed by conservation of resources theory, employees can benefit from participating in activities that replenish resources necessary to meet work demands upon returning to work after a weekend. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of potential evapotranspiration in the northern Loess Plateau of China: recent trends and climatic drivers
Authors: Ning Tingting , Li Zhi , Liu Wenzhao , Han Xiaoyang 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTPotential evapotranspiration represents the maximum evaporative capacity for a region, which underscores the importance of analysing its changes and attribution to provide information for water resource management. This study focused on the northern Loess Plateau of China, investigated the changes in potential evapotranspiration (ET0) using data from 34 stations during 1960–2013 and conducted its temporal and spatial attribution through the differentiation equation method. The results show that the annual mean ET0 is 1004.9 mm with a decreasing trend at the rate of 0.33 mm year−1. The lowest values were found in the northeast and southwest regions, while the greatest ET0 was in the northwest region. An ‘evaporation paradox’ existed as a whole, but not obviously. The ET0 was most sensitive to actual vapour pressure (ea), followed by solar radiation (Rs), mean temperature (Tmean) and wind speed (U2). The inter‐annual variation in the sensitivity of ET0 in relation to climatic factors showed that ET0 became more sensitive to U2 and Tmean but less sensitive to Rs and ea from 1960 to 2013. Temporally, the increasing Tmean resulted in the increase of ET0; while its effect was weakened by the other three factors, especially by decreasing U2. The contributions of climatic factors to the ET0 spatial variation trends were also analysed along two transects, but the dominant factors were different for each transect. Furthermore, the possible impacts of human activities on ET0 changes were also discussed.
Mid‐Pleistocene thin‐skinned glaciotectonic thrusting of the Aberdeen Ground Formation, Central Graben region, central North Sea
Authors: Vaughan‐Hirsch David P. , Phillips Emrys R. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of a high‐resolution 2D seismic survey of mid‐Pleistocene glaciogenic sediments in the Central Graben region of the central North Sea. Sediments have undergone major glaciotectonic thrusting and folding associated with the repeated southerly advance of a mid‐Pleistocene ice sheet. The total observed length of the thrust‐stacked section is approximately 5–6 km, comprising a series of discrete thrust slices, which range in length from < 300 m to > 700 m. The basal detachment of the thrust complex occurs at a depth of ca. 220 m below the sea bed within the upper Aberdeen Ground Formation. A thin‐skinned glaciotectonic model involving proglacial to ice‐marginal glaciotectonic thrusting followed by post‐tectonic deposition is proposed. Initial ice advance led to the over‐pressurizing of groundwater within a laterally extensive sand sheet in the upper Aberdeen Ground Formation, promoting the formation of a major décollement surface at the base of the developing thrust‐stack. Over‐pressurization of the groundwater system is thought to have occurred in response to rapid ice advance, suggesting that the development of large‐scale thrust complexes may be associated with surge‐type behaviour. The proposed model evidences complex dynamics of mid‐Pleistocene ice sheets within the central North Sea.
Small‐Scale Thermal Studies of Volatile Homemade Explosives
Authors: Sandstrom Mary M. , Brown Geoffrey W. , Warner Kirstin F. , Sorensen Daniel N. , Phillips Jason J. , Shelley Timothy J. , Reyes Jose A. , Hsu Peter C. , Reynolds John G. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSeveral homemade or improvised explosive mixtures that either contained volatile components or produced volatile products were examined using standard small‐scale safety and thermal (SSST) testing that employed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques (constant heating rate and standard sample holders). KClO3 and KClO4 mixtures with dodecane exhibited different enthalpy behavior when using a vented sample holder in contrast to a sealed sample holder. The standard configuration produced profiles that exhibited only endothermic transitions. The sealed system produced profiles that exhibited additional exothermic transitions absent in the standard configuration produced profiles. When H2O2/fuel mixtures were examined, the volatilization of the peroxide (endothermic) dominated the profiles. When a sealed sample holder was used, the energetic releases of the mixture could be clearly observed. For AN and AN mixtures, the high temperature decomposition appears as an intense endothermic event. Using a nominally sealed sample holder also did not adequately contain the system. Only when a high‐pressure rated sample holder was used the high temperature decomposition of the AN could be detected as an exothermic release. The testing was conducted during a proficiency (or round‐robin type) test that included three U.S. Department of Energy and two U.S. Department of Defense laboratories. In the course of this proficiency test, certain HMEs exhibited thermal behavior that was not adequately accounted for by standard techniques. Further examination of this atypical behavior highlighted issues that may have not been recognized previously because some of these materials are not routinely tested. More importantly, if not recognized, the SSST testing results could lead to inaccurate safety assessments. This study provides examples, where standard techniques can be applied, and results can be obtained, but these results may be misleading in establishing thermal properties.
Postoperative Elevation of the Neutrophil: Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Complications Following Esophageal Resection
Authors: Vulliamy Paul , McCluney Simon , Mukherjee Samrat , Ashby Luke , Amalesh Thangadorai 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundComplications following esophagectomy are a significant source of morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the early identification of complications following esophagectomy, as compared to other routinely available parameters.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy at a single centre. Baseline characteristics and complications occurring within the first 30 days of surgery were recorded. White blood cell counts and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels immediately following surgery (day 0) and over the subsequent three postoperative days were analysed.ResultsSixty‐five patients were included, of whom 29 (45 %) developed complications. The median NLR was similar among patients with and without a complicated recovery on day 0 (12.7 vs 13.6, p = 0.70) and day 1 (10.0 vs 9.3, p = 0.29). Patients who subsequently developed complications had a higher NLR on day 2 (11.8 vs 7.5, p < 0.001) and day 3 (9.0 vs 6.5, p = 0.001) compared to those whose recovery was uncomplicated. Receiver‐operating‐characteristic plots for the diagnostic performance of the NLR, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and CRP level at each time point demonstrated that the NLR on day 2 had the greatest discriminatory ability in predicting complications, with an area under the curve of 0.83 (95 % CI 0.73–0.94). An NLR of >8.3 on day 2 had a sensitivity of 93 % and a specificity of 72 % for predicting complications.ConclusionThe NLR is a simple and routinely available parameter which has a high sensitivity in the early detection of complications following esophagectomy.
Torn between state and market: Private policy implementation and conflicting institutional logics
Authors: Thomann Eva , Lieberherr Eva , Ingold Karin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Policy implementation by private actors constitutes a “missing link” for understanding the implications of private governance. This paper proposes and assesses an institutional logics framework that combines a top-down, policy design approach with a bottom-up, implementation perspective on discretion. We argue that the conflicting institutional logics of the state and the market, in combination with differing degrees of goal ambiguity, accountability and hybridity play a crucial role for output performance. These arguments are analyzed based on a secondary analysis of seven case studies of private and hybrid policy implementation in diverging contexts. We find that aligning private output performance with public interests is at least partly a question of policy design congruence: private implementing actors tend to perform deficiently when the conflicting logics of the state and the market combine with weak accountability mechanisms.
Facial Emotion Recognition and Faux Pas Interpretation in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Henry A. , Bakchine S. , Maarouf A. , Chaunu M. P. , Rumbach L. , Magnin E. , Tourbah A. , Montreuil M. 
Published: January 2016

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system leading to physical and cognitive disability. The impact of the disease on social cognition has only come to light quite recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the social cognition abilities of MS patients and their links with characteristics of the disease, such as physical disability, cognitive impairment and disease duration.The performances of a group of 64 MS patients were compared with that of 30 matched healthy individuals in facial emotion recognition and Faux Pas tasks as well as on a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests.The MS patients performed worse than the control group in the recognition of the expressions of fear and anger and in the interpretation of faux pas. The impairment in social cognition increased with overall disease course. Executive impairment did not correlate with the performance in the social cognition tests.Our results show that emotional impairment is observed at early stages of the disease in the absence of cognitive dysfunction, even if social cognition abilities worsen with the progression of MS. These data highlight the need to attempt to identify these impairments in clinical practice.
Effect of Variation in Test Methods on Performance of Ultraviolet-C Radiation Room Decontamination
Authors: Cadnum Jennifer L. , Tomas Myreen E. , Sankar Thriveen , Jencson Annette , Mathew J. Itty , Kundrapu Sirisha , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of variation in test methods on performance of an ultraviolet-C (UV-C) room decontamination device.DESIGNLaboratory evaluation.METHODSWe compared the efficacy of 2 UV-C room decontamination devices with low pressure mercury gas bulbs. For 1 of the devices, we evaluated the effect of variation in spreading of the inoculum, carrier orientation relative to the device, type of organic load, type of carrier, height of carrier, and uninterrupted versus interrupted exposures on measured UV-C killing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile spores.RESULTSThe 2 UV-C room decontamination devices achieved similar log10 colony-forming unit reductions in the pathogens with exposure times ranging from 5 to 40 minutes. On steel carriers, spreading of the inoculum over a larger surface area significantly enhanced killing of both pathogens, such that a 10-minute exposure on a 22-mm2 disk resulted in greater than 2 log reduction in C. difficile spores. Orientation of carriers in parallel rather than perpendicular with the UV-C lamps significantly enhanced killing of both pathogens. Different types of organic load also significantly affected measured organism reductions, whereas type of carrier, variation in carrier height, and interrupted exposure cycles did not.CONCLUSIONSVariation in test methods can significantly impact measured reductions in pathogens by UV-C devices during experimental testing. Our findings highlight the need for standardized laboratory methods for testing the efficacy of UV-C devices and for evaluations of the efficacy of short UV-C exposure times in real-world settings.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:555–560
Tank-treading of microcapsules in shear flow
Authors: de Loubens C. , Deschamps J. , Edwards-Levy F. , Leonetti M. 
Published: January 2016

We investigated experimentally the deformation of soft microcapsules and the dynamics of their membrane in simple shear flows. Firstly, the tank-treading motion, i.e. the rotation of the membrane, was visualized and quantified by tracking particles included in the membrane by a new protocol. The period of membrane rotation increased quadratically with the extension of the long axis. The tracking of the distance between two close microparticles showed membrane contraction at the tips and stretching on the sides, a specific property of soft particles such as capsules. The present experimental results are discussed in regard to previous numerical simulations. This analysis showed that the variation of the tank-treading period with the Taylor parameter (deformation) cannot be explained by purely elastic membrane models. It suggests a strong effect of membrane viscosity whose order of magnitude is determined. Secondly, two distinct shapes of sheared microcapsules were observed. For moderate deformations, the shape was a steady ellipsoid in the shear plane. For larger deformations, the capsule became asymmetric and presented an S-like shape. When the viscous shear stress increased by three orders of magnitude, the short axis decreased by 70 % whereas the long axis increased by 100 % before any break-up. The inclination angle decreased from 40° to 8°, almost aligned with the flow direction as expected by theory and numerics on capsules and from experiments, theory and numerics on drops and vesicles. Whatever the microcapsule size and the concentration of proteins, the characteristic lengths of the shape, the Taylor parameter and the inclination angle satisfy master curves versus the long axis or the normalized shear stress or the capillary number in agreement with theory for non-negligible membrane viscosity in the regime of moderate deformations. Finally, we observed that very small deviation from sphericity gave rise to swinging motion, i.e. shape oscillations, in the small-deformation regime. In conclusion, this study of tank-treading motion supports the role of membrane viscosity on the dynamics of microcapsules in shear flow by independent methods that compare experimental data both with numerical results in the regime of large deformations and with theory in the regime of moderate deformations.
The number of additive triples in subsets of abelian groups
Authors: SAMOTIJ WOJCIECH , SUDAKOV BENNY 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA set of elements of a finite abelian group is called sum-free if it contains no Schur triple, i.e., no triple of elementsx,y,zwithx+y=z. The study of how large the largest sum-free subset of a given abelian group is had started more than thirty years before it was finally resolved by Green and Ruzsa a decade ago. We address the following more general question. Suppose that a setAof elements of an abelian groupGhas cardinalitya. How many Schur triples mustAcontain? Moreover, which sets ofaelements ofGhave the smallest number of Schur triples? In this paper, we answer these questions for various groupsGand ranges ofa.
Genre: une mode récente mais qui vient de loin
Authors: ISAMBERT PAUL 
Published: January 2016

RÉSUMÉCet article étudie l’évolution du lexème genre, depuis des emplois prépositionnels jusqu’aux emplois interphrastiques les plus récents. Les données étudiées proviennent de corpus oraux et de messages d’un forum internet. On montre qu’il y a bien une évolution dont on peut rendre compte en termes de conventionnalisation de valeurs contextuelles, mais dont il est difficile de reconstruire la chronologie, les valeurs existantes et les valeurs nouvelles se superposant et s’influençant mutuellement. Néanmoins, on peut repérer que les emplois les plus novateurs se trouvent massivement chez les locuteurs les plus jeunes, signalant une évolution récente.
Time-Lapse Evaluation of Interactions Between Biodegradable Mg Particles and Cells
Authors: Alvarez Florencia , Lozano Puerto Rosa M. , Pérez-Maceda Blanca , Grillo Claudia A. , Fernández Lorenzo de Mele Mónica 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMg-based implants have promising applications as biodegradable materials in medicine for orthopedic, dental, and cardiovascular therapies. During wear and degradation microdebris are released. Time-lapse multidimensional microscopy (MM) is proposed here as a suitable tool to follow, in fixed intervals over 24-h periods, the interaction between cells and particles. Results of MM show interactions of macrophages (J774) with the magnesium particles (MgPa) that led to modifications of cell size and morphology, a decrease in duplication rate, and cell damage. Corrosion products were progressively formed on the surface of the particles and turbulence was generated due to hydrogen development. Changes were more significant after treating MgPa with potassium fluoride. In order to complement MM observations, membrane damage as detected by a lactase dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and mitochondrial activity as detected by a WST-1 assay with macrophages and osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were compared. A more significant concentration-dependent effect was detected for macrophages exposed to MgPa than for osteoblasts. Accordingly, complementary data showed that viability and cell cycle seem to be more altered in macrophages. In addition, protein profiles and expression of proteins associated with the adhesion process changed in the presence of MgPa. These studies revealed that time-lapse MM is a helpful tool for monitoring changes of biodegradable materials and the biological surrounding in real time andin situ. This information is useful in studies related to biodegradable biomaterials.