bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The IFN Response in Bats Displays Distinctive IFN-Stimulated Gene Expression Kinetics with Atypical RNASEL Induction
Authors: De La Cruz-Rivera Pamela C. , Kanchwala Mohammed , Liang Hanquan , Kumar Ashwani , Wang Lin-Fa , Xing Chao , Schoggins John W. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Bats host a large number of zoonotic viruses, including several viruses that are highly pathogenic to other mammals. The mechanisms underlying this rich viral diversity are unknown, but they may be linked to unique immunological features that allow bats to act as asymptomatic viral reservoirs. Vertebrates respond to viral infection by inducing IFNs, which trigger antiviral defenses through IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. Although the IFN system of several bats is characterized at the genomic level, less is known about bat IFN-mediated transcriptional responses. In this article, we show that IFN signaling in bat cells from the black flying fox (Pteropus alecto) consists of conserved and unique ISG expression profiles. In IFN-stimulated cells, bat ISGs comprise two unique temporal subclusters with similar early induction kinetics but distinct late-phase declines. In contrast, human ISGs lack this decline phase and remained elevated for longer periods. Notably, in unstimulated cells, bat ISGs were expressed more highly than their human counterparts. We also found that the antiviral effector 2-5A–dependent endoribonuclease, which is not an ISG in humans, is highly IFN inducible in black flying fox cells and contributes to cell-intrinsic control of viral infection. These studies reveal distinctive innate immune features that may underlie a unique virus–host relationship in bats.
The Imperative of E - Participation in Sustainable Community Development in Ghana
Authors: Kyere Francis , Gyamea Kumah Naana Yaa 
Published: November 2017

The study examines some relevance of e- participation in achieving sustainable community development in Ghana. Information and Communication Technology has created an avenue to promote participation, transparency and trust when adopted by government. As a newly discovered political tool, ICT serves as a toolbox for reaching out and engaging the public on governmental policies thereby drawing government closer to citizens in policy and decision making. Through the use of secondary data, the study highlights the necessity for ICT and mostly importantly e-participation adoption in local government administration in Ghana. Citizens having enough access to their elected representatives and some basic public services through the provision of information communication and technology ensures effective and efficient communication between the government and the people at the local level, while it also provides a door for the citizens to receive feedbacks from the right local government quarters. The study concludes that e- participation enhances effective and efficient government service delivery and enhancing citizen’s active participation in local governance to ensure sustainable development.The paper recommends that the in other to ensure active participation of citizens, government should provide the necessary infrastructure and fast track the adoption of ICT and also the training of local government personnel in the art of e- participation through which sustainable community development can be fully attained in Ghana
O ensino de filosofia na modalidade EJA para alunos em privação de liberdade
Authors: Bozatski Maurício Fernando 
Published: November 2017

O presente texto apresenta o relato de algumas experiências e reflexões sobre o ensino da disciplina de Filosofia na modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos para alunos em privação de liberdade. Tal relato se baseia no trabalho efetuado entre os anos de 2007 e 2008, período em que o autor foi professor no Centro Estadual Educação Básica para Jovens e Adultos – CEEBJA – Professor Odair Pasqualini que opera no interior da Penitenciária Estadual de Ponta Grossa-PR. Além de apontar os limites e desafios de tal atividade, sugerem-se algumas diretrizes e possibilidades para o ensino da filosofia em tais condições.
Educação e Agir Comunicativo em Habermas
Authors: Tesser Gelson João 
Published: November 2017

A filosofia de Habermas, desenvolvida a partir da teoria do agir comunicativo,proporciona­nos uma base teórica de reflexão, de uma educação racional e crítica tendo como princípio o discurso como o elemento caracterizador do processo de busca da verdade e da construção do saber filosófico e pedagógico como conhecimentos partilhados. A educação é um processo de socialização comunicativa e de auto­organização dos sujeitos. O agir comunicativo é uma atitude reflexiva e é também concebido como abertura de oportunidades para o entendimento abrangente, não restritivo da ação com referência ao mundo objetivo, social, subjetivo e postula a emancipação, verdade, correção, autenticidade.
Effect of hand reflexology on anxiety and physiological variables among patients hospitalized in the cardiac care unit: A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial
Authors: Rahmani Zohre , Rejeh Nahid , Heravi-Karimooi Majideh , Tadrisi Seyed Davood , Vaismoradi Mojtaba 
Published: November 2017

Background and objective: Admission to the cardiac care unit may cause physiological and psychological problems in patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hand reflexology on anxiety and physiological variables among female patients with acute coronary syndrome hospitalized in the cardiac care unit.Methods: This randomized placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted on 90 female patients hospitalized in the cardiac care unit in an urban area of Iran. The patients were chosen using a convenient sampling method and then were randomly assigned into intervention (n = 45) and placebo (n = 45) groups. While the intervention group received hand reflexology for 20 minutes, the placebo group received a simple touch of hand without the stimulation of reflexology points. Demographic data was collected at the beginning of the study using face-to-face interviews with the patients. The anxiety level was assessed using the Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) immediately after the intervention and 30 min after the intervention. Also, physiological variables including respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation were measured before, immediately after the intervention and 30 minutes after the intervention. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and placebo groups before the intervention (p > .05). The anxiety level in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the placebo group immediately after the intervention and 30 minutes after the intervention (p < .05, η = 0.090). However, no statistically significant differences in physiological variables between the groups were observed (p > .05).Conclusions: Hand reflexology influenced the level of anxiety. Therefore, nurses can use hand reflexology as a method for reducing patients’ anxiety along with other nursing interventions.
Role of Antiplatelet Therapy in Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Manaktala Rohini , Kluger Jeffrey 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Patients with atrial fibrillation are at increased risk of having a cardioembolic stroke. The use of oral anticoagulation is now well established to prevent strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation and a CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years [2 points], diabetes mellitus, prior stroke/transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism [2 points], vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, and sex category) score of greater than 1, beyond sex. However, the role of antiplatelet therapy, specifically aspirin in low-risk patients or as an alternative to oral anticoagulation, remains controversial. The most recent US guidelines conflict with the European guidelines, which do not recommend antiplatelet monotherapy for stroke prevention irrespective of stroke risk. The aim of this review is to summarize published studies that question the role of aspirin in preventing strokes associated with atrial fibrillation. Overall, aspirin is found to play a limited role in the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and is associated with a similar risk of hemorrhagic events compared with anticoagulants. The benefit of dual antiplatelet therapy as an alternative to oral anticoagulation requires further study.
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for the Management of Adjacent Segment Pathology
Authors: Lewis Drew D. , Summers Garth K. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Adjacent segment pathology is an adverse effect of spinal fusion that precipitates accelerated spinal degenerative changes at vertebral segments contiguous with the fused vertebrae. The accelerated degeneration related to ASP can be challenging to manage, as it can lead to conditions such as radiculopathy and can create the need for reoperation. In the present case, a 50-year-old woman with a previous spinal fusion presented with a 1-year history of progressive low back pain, lumbar radiculopathy, and sciatica. Osteopathic manipulative treatment was used to manage her pain, and the patient reported that the treatment provided long-term resolution of her sciatica symptoms. This case demonstrates an effective use of osteopathic manipulative treatment in the conservative management of lumbar radiculopathy related to adjacent segment pathology.
Challenging Case of Parotitis: A Comprehensive Approach
Authors: Patel Puja , Scott Shannon , Cunningham Sean 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The diagnosis and management of parotitis can be challenging. Patients often present with pain and edema in the neck, jaw, head, and ear due to congestion of the gland. Parotitis is typically caused by an infection within the parotid gland and surrounding lymph nodes, and the infection can spread to nearby cervical fascial planes and cause major complications if not managed successfully. Specific guidelines for the outpatient management of parotitis are limited, and outpatient treatment failures are common, requiring inpatient therapy with multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics. In the current case, a comprehensive patient-centered approach was used to treat a woman whose overlapping clinical conditions, lifestyle, and work factors led to an infection of the parotid gland.
Modulation Analysis of Whistler Mode Sidebands in VLF‐Triggered Emissions and Implications for Conditions of Nonlinear Growth
Authors: Costabile Jamie D. , Gołkowski Mark , Wall Randall E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractExperimental observations of very low frequency (VLF) triggered emissions are an important resource in investigation of nonlinear wave‐particle interactions between whistler mode waves and energetic electrons in the Earth's radiation belts. Magnetospherically generated whistler mode sidebands observed during the Siple Station wave injection experiment are analyzed using a mixed modulation model and the MINUIT minimization package. The observed sidebands are found to exhibit features of both amplitude and frequency modulation of the input carrier wave with frequency modulation becoming more prominent as the observed amplitudes of the carrier and sidebands increase. A nonlinear whistler mode wave growth formulation based on phase bunching of counterstreaming electrons within a well‐defined phase trap is shown to reproduce the salient features of the sideband observations. Whistler mode sideband amplitude is shown to be affected by the shape and uniformity of the trap.
Mixed‐Mode Slip Behavior of the Altotiberina Low‐Angle Normal Fault System (Northern Apennines, Italy) through High‐Resolution Earthquake Locations and Repeating Events
Authors: Valoroso Luisa , Chiaraluce Lauro , Di Stefano Raffaele , Monachesi Giancarlo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe generated a 4.5‐year‐long (2010–2014) high‐resolution earthquake catalogue, composed of ~37,000 events with ML < 3.9 and MC = 0.5 completeness magnitude, to report on the seismic activity of the Altotiberina (ATF) low‐angle normal fault system and to shed light on the mechanical behavior and seismic potential of this fault, which is capable of generating a M7 event. Seismicity defines the geometry of the fault system composed of the low‐angle (15°–20°) ATF, extending for ~50 km along strike and between 4 and 16 km at depth showing an ~1.5 km thick fault zone made of multiple subparallel slipping planes, and a complex network of synthetic/antithetic higher‐angle segments located in the ATF hanging wall (HW) that can be traced along strike for up to 35 km. Ninety percent of the recorded seismicity occurs along the high‐angle HW faults during a series of minor, sometimes long‐lasting (months) seismic sequences with multiple MW3+ mainshocks. Remaining earthquakes (ML < 2.4) are released instead along the low‐angle ATF at a constant rate of ~2.2 events per day. Within the ATF‐related seismicity, we found 97 clusters of repeating earthquakes (RE), mostly consisting of doublets occurring during short interevent time (hours). RE are located within the geodetically recognized creeping portions of the ATF, around the main locked asperity. The rate of occurrence of RE seems quite synchronous with the ATF‐HW seismic release, suggesting that creeping may guide the strain partitioning in the ATF system. The seismic moment released by the ATF seismicity accounts for 30% of the geodetic one, implying aseismic deformation. The ATF‐seismicity pattern is thus consistent with a mixed‐mode (seismic and aseismic) slip behavior.
Magnetotelluric Imaging of the Lithosphere Across the Variscan Orogen (Iberian Autochthonous Domain, NW Iberia)
Authors: Alves Ribeiro J. , Monteiro‐Santos F. A. , Pereira M. F. , Díez Fernández R. , Dias da Silva Í. , Nascimento C. , Silva J. B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA new magnetotelluric (MT) survey comprising 17 MT soundings throughout a 30 km long N30°W transect in the Iberian autochthons domain of NW Iberia (Central Iberian Zone) is presented. The 2‐D inversion model shows the resistivity structure of the continental crust up to 10 km depth, heretofore unavailable for this region of the Variscan Orogen. The MT model reveals a wavy structure separating a conductive upper layer underlain by a resistive layer, thus picturing the two main tectonic blocks of a large‐scale D2 extensional shear zone (i.e., Pinhel shear zone). The upper layer represents a lower grade metamorphic domain that includes graphite‐rich rocks. The lower layer consists of high‐grade metamorphic rocks that experienced partial melting and are associated with granites (more resistive) emplaced during crustal thinning. The wavy structure is the result of superimposed crustal shortening responsible for the development of large‐scale D3 folds (e.g., Marofa synform), later deflected and refolded by a D4 strike‐slip shear zone (i.e., Juzbado‐Penalva do Castelo shear zone). The later contribution to the final structure of the crust is marked by the intrusion of postkinematic granitic rocks and the propagation of steeply dipping brittle fault zones. Our study demonstrates that MT imaging is a powerful tool to understand complex crustal structures of ancient orogens in order to design future prospecting surveys for mineral deposits of economic interest.
Imprint of Rupture Directivity From Ground Motions of the 24 August 2016 Mw6.2 Central Italy Earthquake
Authors: Ren Yefei , Wang Hongwei , Wen Ruizhi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn Mw6.2 earthquake occurred in Central Italy on 24 August 2016. The objective of this study was to reveal the imprint of rupture directivity using the strong motion recordings. The strong motion stations were separated into two groups: southeast (SE) and northwest (NW). The effects of rupture directivity on the peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and pseudo spectral acceleration (PSA) were investigated. The observed values of these parameters were compared with predicted values derived from ground motion prediction equations. The results showed that the residuals between the observed and predicted PGAs, PGVs, and PSAs at periods of T < 1 s were correlated significantly with azimuth angle and generally larger in the NW sector, reflecting that the observed PGAs, PGVs, and short‐period PSAs in the NW sector were generally larger than observed in the SE sector. These phenomena are accordant with the theoretical law that the rupture directivity causes higher amplitudes in the forward direction compared with the backward direction. Finally, selected source rupture parameters were inverted using PGAs and PGVs. This revealed that the rupture was predominantly unilateral rupture, the major rupture was likely at an azimuth of ~360°, and the length of the major rupture was proportional to 70%–100% of the total ruptured fault, confirming that rupture directivity caused the differences in the ground motions observed in the SE and NW sectors.
Evaluating Spatial Variability in Sediment and Phosphorus Concentration‐Discharge Relationships Using Bayesian Inference and Self‐Organizing Maps
Authors: Underwood Kristen L. , Rizzo Donna M. , Schroth Andrew W. , Dewoolkar Mandar M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGiven the variable biogeochemical, physical, and hydrological processes driving fluvial sediment and nutrient export, the water science and management communities need data‐driven methods to identify regions prone to production and transport under variable hydrometeorological conditions. We use Bayesian analysis to segment concentration‐discharge linear regression models for total suspended solids (TSS) and particulate and dissolved phosphorus (PP, DP) using 22 years of monitoring data from 18 Lake Champlain watersheds. Bayesian inference was leveraged to estimate segmented regression model parameters and identify threshold position. The identified threshold positions demonstrated a considerable range below and above the median discharge—which has been used previously as the default breakpoint in segmented regression models to discern differences between pre and post‐threshold export regimes. We then applied a Self‐Organizing Map (SOM), which partitioned the watersheds into clusters of TSS, PP, and DP export regimes using watershed characteristics, as well as Bayesian regression intercepts and slopes. A SOM defined two clusters of high‐flux basins, one where PP flux was predominantly episodic and hydrologically driven; and another in which the sediment and nutrient sourcing and mobilization were more bimodal, resulting from both hydrologic processes at post‐threshold discharges and reactive processes (e.g., nutrient cycling or lateral/vertical exchanges of fine sediment) at prethreshold discharges. A separate DP SOM defined two high‐flux clusters exhibiting a bimodal concentration‐discharge response, but driven by differing land use. Our novel framework shows promise as a tool with broad management application that provides insights into landscape drivers of riverine solute and sediment export.
Parameterizing the Spatial Markov Model From Breakthrough Curve Data Alone
Authors: Sherman Thomas , Fakhari Abbas , Miller Savannah , Singha Kamini , Bolster Diogo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe spatial Markov model (SMM) is an upscaled Lagrangian model that effectively captures anomalous transport across a diverse range of hydrologic systems. The distinct feature of the SMM relative to other random walk models is that successive steps are correlated. To date, with some notable exceptions, the model has primarily been applied to data from high‐resolution numerical simulations and correlation effects have been measured from simulated particle trajectories. In real systems such knowledge is practically unattainable and the best one might hope for is breakthrough curves (BTCs) at successive downstream locations. We introduce a novel methodology to quantify velocity correlation from BTC data alone. By discretizing two measured BTCs into a set of arrival times and developing an inverse model, we estimate velocity correlation, thereby enabling parameterization of the SMM in studies where detailed Lagrangian velocity statistics are unavailable. The proposed methodology is applied to two synthetic numerical problems, where we measure all details and thus test the veracity of the approach by comparison of estimated parameters with known simulated values. Our results suggest that our estimated transition probabilities agree with simulated values and using the SMM with this estimated parameterization accurately predicts BTCs downstream. Our methodology naturally allows for estimates of uncertainty by calculating lower and upper bounds of velocity correlation, enabling prediction of a range of BTCs. The measured BTCs fall within the range of predicted BTCs. This novel method to parameterize the SMM from BTC data alone is quite parsimonious, thereby widening the SMM's practical applicability.
Evaluation of AAPM Reports 204 and 220: Estimation of effective diameter, water‐equivalent diameter, and ellipticity ratios for chest, abdomen, pelvis, and head CT scans
Authors: Burton Christiane S. , Szczykutowicz Timothy P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo confirm AAPM Reports 204/220 and provide data for the future expansion of these reports by: (a) presenting the first large‐scale confirmation of the reports using clinical data, (b) providing the community with size surrogate data for the head region which was not provided in the original reports, and additionally providing the measurements of patient ellipticity ratio for different body regions.MethodA total of 884 routine scans were included in our analysis including data from the head, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis for adults and pediatrics. We calculated the ellipticity ratio and all of the size surrogates presented in AAPM Reports 204/220. We correlated the purely geometric‐based metrics with the “gold standard” water‐equivalent diameter (DW).ResultsOur results and AAPM Reports 204/220 agree within our data's 95% confidence intervals. Outliers to the AAPM reports’ methods were caused by excess gas in the GI tract, exceptionally low BMI, and cranial metaphyseal dysplasia. For the head, we show lower correlation (R2 = 0.812) between effective diameter and DW relative to other body regions. The ellipticity ratio of the shoulder region was the highest at 2.28 ± 0.22 and the head the smallest at 0.85 ± 0.08. The abdomen pelvis, chest, thorax, and abdomen regions all had ellipticity values near 1.5.ConclusionWe confirmed AAPM reports 204/220 using clinical data and identified patient conditions causing discrepancies. We presented new size surrogate data for the head region and for the first time presented ellipticity data for all regions. Future automatic exposure control characterization should include ellipticity information.
High‐Efficiency and Low Distortion Photoacoustic Effect in 3D Graphene Sponge
Authors: Giorgianni Flavio , Vicario Carlo , Shalaby Mostafa , Tenuzzo Lorenzo Donato , Marcelli Augusto , Zhang Tengfei , Zhao Kai , Chen Yongsheng , Hauri Christoph , Lupi Stefano 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe conversion of light in sound plays a crucial role in spectroscopy, applied physics, and technology. In this paper, light‐sound conversion in 3D graphene sponge through a photo‐thermoacoustic mechanism is reported. It is shown that the unique combination of mechanical, optical, and thermodynamic properties of graphene assembled in a 3D sponge structure allows an unprecedented high efficiency conversion independent of light wavelength from infrared to ultraviolet. As a first application of this effect, a photothermal based graphene sponge loudspeaker is demonstrated, providing a full digital operation for frequencies from acoustic to ultrasound. The present results suggest a new pathway for light generation and control of sound and ultrasound signals potentially usable in a variety of new technological applications from high‐fidelity loudspeaker and radiation detectors to medical devices.