bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race and Sex Differences in QRS Interval and Associated Outcome Among Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Randolph Tiffany C. , Broderick Samuel , Shaw Linda K. , Chiswell Karen , Mentz Robert J. , Kutyifa Valentina , Velazquez Eric J. , Gilliam Francis R. , Thomas Kevin L. 
Published: March 2017

Background

Prolonged
QRS
duration is associated with increased mortality among heart failure patients, but race or sex differences in
QRS
duration and associated effect on outcomes are unknown.

Methods and Results

We investigated
QRS
duration and morphology among 2463 black and white patients with heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% who underwent coronary angiography and 12‐lead electrocardiography at Duke University Hospital from 1995 through 2011. We used multivariable Cox regression models to assess the relationship between
QRS
duration and all‐cause mortality and investigate race‐
QRS
and sex‐
QRS
duration interaction. Median
QRS
duration was 105 ms (interquartile range [
IQR
], 92–132) with variation by race and sex (
P
<0.001).
QRS
duration was longest in white men (111 ms;
IQR
, 98–139) followed by white women (108 ms;
IQR
, 92–140), black men (100 ms;
IQR
, 91–120), and black women (94 ms;
IQR
, 86–118). Left bundle branch block was more common in women than men (24% vs 14%) and in white (21%) versus black individuals (12%). In black patients, there was a 16% increase in risk of mortality for every 10 ms increase in
QRS
duration up to 112 ms (hazard ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07, 1.25) that was not present among white patients (interaction,
P
=0.06).

Conclusions

Black individuals with heart failure had a shorter
QRS
duration and more often had non‐
left bundle branch block
morphology than white patients. Women had
left bundle branch block
more commonly than men. Among black patients, modest
QRS
prolongation was associated with increased mortality.
Metabolic Mediators of the Effects of Family History and Genetic Risk Score on Coronary Heart Disease—Findings From the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study
Authors: Fritz Josef , Shiffman Dov , Melander Olle , Tada Hayato , Ulmer Hanno 
Published: March 2017

Background

Family history of coronary heart disease (
CHD
) as well as genetic predisposition to
CHD
assessed by a genetic risk score (
GRS
) are predictors of
CHD
risk. It is, however, uncertain to what extent these risk predictors are mediated by major metabolic pathways.

Methods and Results

Total effects of self‐reported family history and a 50‐variant
GRS
(
GRS
50), as well as effects mediated by apolipoprotein B and A‐I (apoB, apoA‐I), blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus, on incidence of
CHD
were estimated in 23 595 participants of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (a prospective, population‐based study). During a median follow‐up of 14.4 years, 2213 participants experienced a first
CHD
event. Family history of
CHD
and
GRS
50 (highest versus other quintiles) were associated with incident
CHD
, with hazard ratios of 1.52 (95%
CI
: 1.39–1.65) and 1.53 (95%
CI
: 1.39–1.68), respectively, after adjusting for age, sex, and smoking status. Small proportions of the family history effect were mediated by metabolic risk factors: 8.3% (95%
CI
: 5.8–11.7%) by the apoB pathway, 1.7% (95%
CI
: 0.2–3.4%) by apoA‐I, 8.5% (95%
CI
: 5.9–12.0%) by blood pressure, and 1.5% (95%
CI
: −0.8% to 3.8%) by diabetes mellitus. Similarly, small proportions of
GRS
50 were mediated: 8.1% (95%
CI
: 5.5–11.8%) by apoB, 1.2% (95%
CI
: 0.5–3.0%) by apoA‐I, 4.2% (95%
CI
: 1.3–7.5%) by blood pressure, and −0.9% (95%
CI
: −3.7% to 1.6%) by diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions

A fraction of the
CHD
risk associated with family history or with
GRS
50 is mediated through elevated blood lipids and hypertension, but not through diabetes mellitus. However, a major part (≥80%) of the genetic effect operates independently of established metabolic risk factor pathways.
The Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX)
Authors: Houze Robert A. , McMurdie Lynn A. , Petersen Walter A. , Schwaller Mathew R. , Baccus William , Lundquist Jessica D. , Mass Clifford F. , Nijssen Bart , Rutledge Steven A. , Hudak David R. , Tanelli Simone , Mace Gerald G. , Poellot Michael R. , Lettenmaier Dennis P. , Zagrodnik Joseph P. , Rowe Angela K. , DeHart Jennifer C. , Madaus Luke E. , Barnes Hannah C. , Chandrasekar V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX) took place during the 2015/16 fall–winter season in the vicinity of the mountainous Olympic Peninsula of Washington State. The goals of OLYMPEX were to provide physical and hydrologic ground validation for the U.S.–Japan Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite mission and, more specifically, to study how precipitation in Pacific frontal systems is modified by passage over coastal mountains. Four transportable scanning dual-polarization Doppler radars of various wavelengths were installed. Surface stations were placed at various altitudes to measure precipitation rates, particle size distributions, and fall velocities. Autonomous recording cameras monitored and recorded snow accumulation. Four research aircraft supplied by NASA investigated precipitation processes and snow cover, and supplemental rawinsondes and dropsondes were deployed during precipitation events. Numerous Pacific frontal systems were sampled, including several reaching “atmospheric river” status, warm- and cold-frontal systems, and postfrontal convection.
Mongolian Mountains Matter Most: Impacts of the Latitude and Height of Asian Orography on Pacific Wintertime Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: White R. H. , Battisti D. S. , Roe G. H. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The impacts of Asian orography on the wintertime atmospheric circulation over the Pacific are explored using altered-orography, semi-idealized, general circulation model experiments. The latitude of orography is found to be far more important than height. The Mongolian Plateau and nearby mountain ranges, centered at ~48°N, have an impact on the upper-level wintertime jet stream that is approximately 4 times greater than that of the larger and taller Tibetan Plateau and Himalayas to the south. Key contributing factors to the importance of the Mongolian mountains are latitudinal variations in the meridional potential vorticity gradient and the strength of the impinging wind—both of which determine the amplitude of the atmospheric response—and the structure of the atmosphere, which influences the spatial pattern of the downstream response. Interestingly, while the Mongolian mountains produce a larger response than the Tibetan Plateau in Northern Hemisphere winter, in April–June the response from the Tibetan Plateau predominates. This result holds in two different general circulation models. In experiments with idealized orography, varying the plateau latitude by 20°, from 43° to 63°N, changes the response amplitude by a factor of 2, with a maximum response for orography between 48° and 53°N, comparable to the Mongolian mountains. In these idealized experiments, the latitude of the maximum wintertime jet increase changes by only ~6°. It is proposed that this nearly invariant spatial response pattern is due to variations in the stationary wavenumber with latitude leading to differences in the zonal versus meridional wave propagation.
Quantification of the Uncertainties in Soil and Vegetation Parameterizations for Regional Climate Simulations in Europe
Authors: Breil Marcus , Schädler Gerd 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The deterministic description of the subgrid-scale land–atmosphere interaction in regional climate model (RCM) simulations is changed by using stochastic soil and vegetation parameterizations. For this, the land–atmosphere interaction parameterized in a land surface model (LSM) is perturbed stochastically by adding a random value to the input parameters using a random number generator. In this way, a stochastic ensemble is created that represents the impact of the uncertainties in these subgrid-scale processes on the resolved scale circulation. In a first step, stochastic stand-alone simulations with the VEG3D LSM are performed to identify sensitive model parameters. Afterward, VEG3D is coupled to the Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling–Climate Limited-Area Modeling (COSMO-CLM) RCM and stochastically perturbed simulations driven by ERA-Interim (2001–10) are performed for the Coordinated Downscaling Experiment–European Domain (EURO-CORDEX) at a horizontal resolution of 0.22°. The simulation results reveal that the impact of stochastically varied soil and vegetation parameterizations on the simulated climate conditions differs regionally. In central Europe the impact on the mean temperature and precipitation characteristics is very weak. In southern Europe and North Africa, however, the resolved scale circulation is very sensitive to the local soil water conditions. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the use of stochastic soil and vegetation parameterizations considerably improves the variability of monthly rainfall sums all over Europe by improving the representation of the land–atmosphere interaction in the stochastic ensemble on a daily basis. In particular, inland rainfall during summer is simulated much better.
On the Decadal Variability of the Eddy Kinetic Energy in the Kuroshio Extension
Authors: Yang Yang , San Liang X. , Qiu Bo , Chen Shuiming 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have found that the decadal variability of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the upstream Kuroshio Extension is negatively correlated with the jet strength, which seems counterintuitive at first glance because linear stability analysis usually suggests that a stronger jet would favor baroclinic instability and thus lead to stronger eddy activities. Using a time-varying energetics diagnostic methodology, namely, the localized multiscale energy and vorticity analysis (MS-EVA), and the MS-EVA-based nonlinear instability theory, this study investigates the physical mechanism responsible for such variations with the state estimate from the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO), Phase II. For the first time, it is found that the decadal modulation of EKE is mainly controlled by the barotropic instability of the background flow. During the high-EKE state, violent meanderings efficiently induce strong barotropic energy transfer from mean kinetic energy (MKE) to EKE despite the rather weak jet strength. The reverse is true in the low-EKE state. Although the enhanced meander in the high-EKE state also transfers a significant portion of energy from mean available potential energy (MAPE) to eddy available potential energy (EAPE) through baroclinic instability, the EAPE is not efficiently converted to EKE as the two processes are not well correlated at low frequencies revealed in the time-varying energetics. The decadal modulation of barotropic instability is found to be in pace with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation but with a time lag of approximately 2 years.
Depressive symptom trajectories in late adolescence and early adulthood: A systematic review
Authors: Schubert Klaus Oliver , Clark Scott R , Van Linh K , Collinson Jane L , Baune Bernhard T 
Published: March 2017

Objective: In adolescents and young adults, depressive symptoms are highly prevalent and dynamic. For clinicians, it is difficult to determine whether a young person reporting depressive symptoms is at risk of developing ongoing mood difficulties or whether symptoms form part of a transient maturational process. Trajectory analyses of longitudinally assessed symptoms in large cohorts have the potential to untangle clinical heterogeneity by determining subgroups or classes of symptom course and their risk factors, by interrogating the impact of known or suspected risk factors on trajectory slope and intercept and by tracing the interrelation between depressive symptoms and other clinical outcomes over time. Method: We conducted a systematic review of trajectory studies conducted in cohorts including people aged between 15 and 25 years. Results: We retrieved 47 relevant articles. These studies suggest that young people fall into common mood trajectory classes and that class membership and symptom course are mediated by biological and environmental risk factors. Furthermore, studies provide evidence that high and persistent depressive symptoms are associated with a range of concurrent health and behavioral outcomes. Conclusion: Findings could assist in the formulation of novel concepts of depressive disorders in young people and inform preventive strategies and predictive models for clinical practice.
Public reactions to celebrity cancer disclosures via social media: Implications for campaign message design and strategy
Authors: Pavelko Rachelle L , Myrick Jessica Gall , Verghese Roshni S , Hester Joe Bob 
Published: March 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse social media users’ reactions to a celebrity’s cancer announcement in order to inform future cancer-related campaigns. Design: A content analysis of Facebook users’ written responses to the actor Hugh Jackman’s 2013 post announcing his skin cancer diagnosis. Setting: Facebook’s application programming interface (API) software was used to compile all 14,534 comments posted by Facebook users under Jackman’s Facebook post between 21 November 2013 and 6 January 2014. Method: The Facebook API captured number of post likes and gender of the poster, while two trained coders also analysed the posts for emotional reactions, emoticon use and mentions of cancer-related behaviours. Results: Hope was the most common text-based emotional expression, and happy emoticons were the most used visual emotional expression in user comments in response to Jackman’s diagnosis. Posts mentioning detection behaviours were more likely to receive likes than those that did not mention them. Additionally, female users were significantly more likely to mention detection behaviours related to skin cancer than were male users. Conclusion: Celebrity cancer announcements may serve as de facto cancer awareness campaigns as well as highlight how to effectively craft coordinating strategic campaigns launched after a celebrity cancer disclosure.
Migrant Smuggling on Mexico’s Gulf Route: The Actors Involved
Authors: Izcara Palacios Simón Pedro 
Published: March 2017

Migrant flows crossing Mexican territory into the United States along the Gulf route are mainly driven by a demand for cheap labor. The decrease in the number of migrants wishing to cross the border to escape the violence in Mexico has turned undocumented migrants into a rare and valuable commodity. The increasing costs of migrant smuggling as a result of organized crime and the activities of the immigration authorities have prompted employers to finance this activity to ensure that they receive enough workers. In-depth interviews with 70 migrant smugglers shed light on the function and participation of the different actors involved in migrant smuggling. El flujo migratorio que atraviesa el territorio mexicano a través de la ruta del golfo para llegar a los Estados Unidos aparece impulsado principalmente por la demanda de mano de obra barata. El descenso del número de personas dispuestas a cruzar la frontera debido a la violencia que ha afectado a México ha convertido a los indocumentados en una mercancía escasa y valiosa. El incremento de los costes de esta actividad debido a la incursión de los grupos delictivos y las autoridades migratorias ha hecho que los empleadores hayan tenido que financiar el tráfico de migrantes para abastecerse de mano de obra. Entrevistas en profundidad a setenta polleros arrojan luz sobre la función y participación de los diferentes actores involucrados en el tráfico de migrantes.
Predictive Value of GJB2 Mutation Status for Hearing Outcomes of Pediatric Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Abdurehim Yasin , Lehmann Alexandre , Zeitouni Anthony G. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo systematically review and quantify current evidence regarding the association of GJB2 mutation status with outcomes of pediatric cochlear implantation.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for “GJB2,”“pediatric hearing loss,” and “cochlear implantation” and their synonyms, with no language restrictions, until December 2, 2015.Review MethodsStudies were included that investigated the status of GJB2 mutation and its predictive value for outcomes of pediatric cochlear implantation. Speech recognition scores, Infant‐Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale, Speech Intelligibility Rating, and Categorized Auditory Performance were pooled using weighted mean differences, and a 95% confidence interval.ResultsEighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The differences between GJB2‐related deafness and non‐GJB2‐related deafness due to unidentified causes and other types of genetic deafness without additional disabilities were not statistically significant (P =. 15 and P =. 30, respectively); however, the difference between GJB2‐related deafness and acquired hearing loss due to environmental etiologies was statistically significant and favored GJB2‐related deafness (P =. 03).ConclusionGJB2‐related deafness leads to significantly better cochlear implantation outcomes when compared with acquired deafness caused by environmental etiologies. However, GJB2 mutation is not associated with a significantly better prognosis when compared with those whose deafness results from either nonsyndromic hearing loss of unknown origin or other types of genetic mutations in the absence of other neurologic deficits.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus unawareness, prevalence, trends and risk factors: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2010
Authors: Zhang Nana , Yang Xin , Zhu Xiaolin , Zhao Bin , Huang Tianyi , Ji Qiuhe 
Published: March 2017

Objectives To determine whether the associations with key risk factors in patients with diagnosed and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are different using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2010. Methods The study analysed the prevalence and association with risk factors of undiagnosed and diagnosed T2DM using a regression model and a multinomial logistic regression model. Data from the NHANES 1999–2010 were used for the analyses. Results The study analysed data from 10 570 individuals. The overall prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed T2DM increased significantly from 1999 to 2010. The prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM was significantly higher in non-Hispanic whites, in individuals <30 years old and in those with near optimal (130–159 mg/dl) or very high (≥220 mg/dl) non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with diagnosed T2DM. Body mass index, low economic status or low educational level had no effect on T2DM diagnosis rates. Though diagnosed T2DM was associated with favourable diet/carbohydrate intake behavioural changes, it had no effect on physical activity levels. Conclusion The overall T2DM prevalence increased between 1999 and 2010, particularly for undiagnosed T2DM in patients that were formerly classified as low risk.
High Satisfaction and Return to Sports After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Patients Aged 55 Years and Younger
Authors: Garcia Grant H. , Liu Joseph N. , Sinatro Alec , Wu Hao-Hua , Dines Joshua S. , Warren Russell F. , Dines David M. , Gulotta Lawrence V. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Young, active candidates for total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) are a unique group of patients. Not only do they demand longevity and improved function, but they also desire a return to physical activities. Purpose: To determine the rate of return to sports in patients aged ≤55 years undergoing TSA. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This was a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent anatomic TSA at a single institution. Exclusion criteria included age at the time of surgery >55 years and <2 years of follow-up. All patients had end-stage osteoarthritis with significant glenohumeral joint space narrowing. The final follow-up consisted of a patient-reported sports questionnaire, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and visual analog scale (VAS) score. Results: From 70 eligible patients, 59 patients (61 shoulders) were included with an average follow-up of 61.0 months (range, 25-103 months) and average age at the time of surgery of 48.9 years (range, 25-55 years). The average VAS score improved from 5.6 to 0.9 ( P < .001), and the average ASES score improved from 39.3 to 88.4 ( P < .001). Forty-nine procedures (80.3%) were performed for a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Four shoulders returned to the operating room; none were for glenoid loosening. There was a 93.2% satisfaction rate, and 67.7% of patients (n = 40) stated that they underwent their surgery to return to sports. Moreover, patients in 96.4% of shoulders (55/57) restarted at least 1 sport at an average of 6.7 months. Direct rates of return were as follows: fitness sports (97.2%), golf (93.3%), singles tennis (87.5%), swimming (77.7%), basketball (75.0%), and flag football (66.7%). Patients in 47 shoulders (82.4%) returned to a similar or higher level of sports; 90.3% returned to high-demand sports, and 83.8% returned to high upper extremity sports. There was no significant difference in rates of return to sports by body mass index, sex, age, preoperative diagnosis, revision status, and dominant extremity. Conclusion: In patients aged ≤55 years undergoing TSA, there was a 96.4% rate of return to ≥1 previous sports at an average of 6.7 months. Furthermore, at an average follow-up of 61.0 months, no patients needed revision of their glenoid component, despite an 83.8% rate of return to high upper extremity sports. While caution should still be advised in young, active patients undergoing TSA, these results demonstrate a high satisfaction rate and improved ability to return to most sports after surgery.
1939 versus 1989—A Missed Opportunity to Create a European Lieu de Mémoire?
Authors: Sierp Aline 
Published: March 2017

This article is part of the special section titled The Genealogies of Memory, guest edited by Ferenc Laczó and Joanna Wawrzyniak This article analyses the wider context of policy conflict concerning public memory of the 1989 events. It uses Pierre Nora’s concept of lieux de mémoire in trying to explain why 23 August 1939 has been turned into a European Remembrance Day whereas 9 November 1989 has not. By investigating closely the role that various memory actors played during debates at the European level, it advances the idea that the anniversary of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact has been more successful in establishing itself within the European remembrance landscape because it has allowed for the promotion of a unifying narrative of the European past. In doing so, the article questions the frequently advanced idea that memory clashes in the EU form around an East–West divide that in some cases overlaps with a Right–Left divide. The analysis digs deep into the complex dynamics lying at the heart of memory contests concerning the end of the Cold War within the EU and provides a more differentiated view of discussions preceding EU decisions on policies of memory.