bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Random Bit Complexity of Mobile Robots Scattering
Authors: Bramas Quentin , Tixeuil Sébastien 
Published: April 2017

We consider the problem of scattering n robots in a two dimensional continuous space. As this problem is impossible to solve in a deterministic manner, all solutions must be probabilistic. We investigate the amount of randomness (that is, the number of random bits used by the robots) that is required to achieve scattering. We first prove that n log n random bits are necessary to scatter n robots in any setting. Also, we give a sufficient condition for a scattering algorithm to be random bit optimal. As it turns out that previous solutions for scattering satisfy our condition, they are hence proved random bit optimal for the scattering problem. Then, we investigate the time complexity of scattering when strong multiplicity detection is not available. We prove that such algorithms cannot converge in constant time in the general case and in o(log log n) rounds for random bits optimal scattering algorithms. However, we present a family of scattering algorithms that converge as fast as needed without using multiplicity detection. Also, we put forward a specific protocol of this family that is random bit optimal (O(n log n) random bits are used) and time optimal (O(log log n) rounds are used). This improves the time complexity of previous results in the same setting by a log n factor. Aside from characterizing the random bit complexity of mobile robot scattering, our study also closes the time complexity gap with and without strong multiplicity detection (that is, O(1) time complexity is only achievable when strong multiplicity detection is available, and it is possible to approach a constant value as desired otherwise).
Effect of temperature on the fracture toughness of anisotropic shale and other rocks
Authors: Chandler Michael R. , Meredith Philip G. , Brantut Nicolas , Crawford Brian R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Fracture toughness was measured for a range of rock materials as a function of temperature between ambient temperature and 150°C. Measurements were made along all three principal crack orientations for the transversely isotropic Mancos shale and in single orientations for the more isotropic Darley Dale sandstone, Indiana limestone and Lanhelin granite. Fracture toughness was measured using a modified short-rod method with the sample and loading equipment enclosed within an elevated temperature chamber. A slight increase in
K
Ic
was observed in Lanhelin granite with increasing temperatures up to 54°C, before a steady decrease at higher temperatures. For the sandstone and limestone, little change was observed in
K
Ic
over the studied temperature range. In measurements on Mancos shale at elevated temperatures. Fracture toughness was seen to increase slightly with increasing temperature in the arrester orientation over this range, while remaining constant in the other two orientations. These observations can be explained in terms of the development of thermally induced microfractures parallel to the bedding planes in this material. A bimodal distribution of K
Ic
values in the short-transverse orientation was not observed, as it has been for previously published measurements at ambient conditions.
Gas transport properties through intact and fractured Callovo-Oxfordian mudstones
Authors: Harrington Jon F. , Cuss Robert J. , Talandier Jean 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A series of controlled water and gas experiments was undertaken on samples of Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) mudstone using a synthetic fluid and helium gas. Data from this study demonstrate that the advective movement of gas through COx is accompanied by dilation of the original fabric (i.e. the formation of pressure-induced microfissures) at gas pressures significantly below that of the minimum principal stress. Flow occurs through a local network of unstable pathways, the properties of which vary temporally and spatially within the mudstone. The coupling of variables results in the development of significant time-dependent effects affecting many aspects of COx behaviour, from the gas breakthrough time to the control of deformation processes. Variations in gas entry, breakthrough and steady-state pressures may result from the arbitrary nature of the flow pathways and/or microstructural heterogeneity. Under these conditions, the data suggest that gas flow is along pressure-induced preferential pathways, where permeability is a dependent variable related to the number, width and aperture distributions of these features. This has important implications for modelling gas migration through low permeability, clay-rich materials.
Energy Balance Modulation Impacts Epigenetic Reprogramming, ERα and ERβ Expression, and Mammary Tumor Development in MMTV-neu Transgenic Mice
Authors: Rossi Emily L. , Dunlap Sarah M. , Bowers Laura W. , Khatib Subreen A. , Doerstling Steven S. , Smith Laura A. , Ford Nikki A. , Holley Darcy , Brown Powel H. , Estecio Marcos R. , Kusewitt Donna F. , deGraffenried Linda A. , Bultman Scott J. , Hursting Stephen D. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The association between obesity and breast cancer risk and prognosis is well established in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease but less clear in HER2-positive disease. Here, we report preclinical evidence suggesting weight maintenance through calorie restriction (CR) may limit risk of HER2-positive breast cancer. In female MMTV-HER2/neu transgenic mice, we found that ERα and ERβ expression, mammary tumorigenesis, and survival are energy balance dependent in association with epigenetic reprogramming. Mice were randomized to receive a CR, overweight-inducing, or diet-induced obesity regimen (n = 27/group). Subsets of mice (n = 4/group/time point) were euthanized after 1, 3, and 5 months to characterize diet-dependent metabolic, transcriptional, and epigenetic perturbations. Remaining mice were followed up to 22 months. Relative to the overweight and diet-induced obesity regimens, CR decreased body weight, adiposity, and serum metabolic hormones as expected and also elicited an increase in mammary ERα and ERβ expression. Increased DNA methylation accompanied this pattern, particularly at CpG dinucleotides located within binding or flanking regions for the transcriptional regulator CCCTC-binding factor of ESR1 and ESR2, consistent with sustained transcriptional activation of ERα and ERβ. Mammary expression of the DNA methylation enzyme DNMT1 was stable in CR mice but increased over time in overweight and diet-induced obesity mice, suggesting CR obviates epigenetic alterations concurrent with chronic excess energy intake. In the survival study, CR elicited a significant suppression in spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis. Overall, our findings suggest a mechanistic rationale to prevent or reverse excess body weight as a strategy to reduce HER2-positive breast cancer risk. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2500–11. ©2017 AACR.
Una especie nueva de rana del género Chiasmocleis (Microhylidae: Gastrophryninae) de la Cordillera del Cóndor, Ecuador
Authors: Almendáriz Cabezas Ana de Lourdes , Brito M. Jorge , Batallas Revelo Diego Alejandro , Vaca-Guerrero Jorge , Ron Santiago R. 
Published: April 2017

We describe a new species of frog of the genus Chiasmocleis from the montane forests of southeastern Ecuador, at the western slopes of Cordillera del Cóndor, between 1,224‑1,630 m of elevation. Based on new sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA we present phylogenetic relationships of the new species and its congeners. The phylogeny shows a close relationship to C. antenori, C. carvalhoi, C. magnova and C. tridactyla. The new species is part of a clade of species that were previously assigned to the genus Syncope. This clade has a sister relationship to a clade that contains all remaining species of Chiasmocleis. The new species differs from its congeners by its reddish-brown to dark-brown (sepia) dorsum with minute yellowish-white spots. Chiasmocleis parkeri sp. nov. is similar to Chiasmocleis antenori in lacking digit I of both hands and feet but Chiasmocleis parkeri differs in coloration, arrangement and size of pale spots, and the absence of a pale line in the canthal region. We describe the calls, which are characterized by having non-pulsed notes, and we provide ecological data from the type locality and adjacent areas.
Towards a review of the decapod crustacea from the remote oceanic archipelago of Trindade and Martin Vaz, south Atlantic Ocean: new records and notes on ecology and zoogeography
Authors: Tavares Marcos Domingos Siqueira , Carvalho Leina , Mendonça Junior Joel Braga de 
Published: April 2017

The remoteness of the Trindade and Martin Vaz young volcanic archipelago (TMV) raises questions about the source of its marine benthic fauna and levels of endemism. Addressing these questions requires a comprehensive knowledge of the taxonomic composition of the marine fauna of the islands. A five-year survey in the shallow marine waters (up to 30 m) and a literature review on the data published for TMV have been conducted to document the biodiversity of the benthic fauna. Here we report on ten new records of decapod crustaceans from TMV: Gnathophyllum americanum and Thor amboinensis are circumtropical in distribution, whereas Stenopus hispidus, Gnathophylloides mineri and Parribacus antarcticus are disjunct circumtropical species as their distribution in the Atlantic Ocean is limited eastwardly to TMV or Ascension Island (S. hispidus), therefore, do not extending into the eastern Atlantic. Gnathophyllum circellum and Thor manningi are western Atlantic species, with G. circellum previously known only from the Caribbean Sea. Pontonia manningi, Tuleariocaris neglecta and Enoplometopus antillensis are amphi-Atlantic in distribution. Two of the above species are recorded from the southwestern Atlantic for the first time: Gnathophyllum circellum and Tuleariocaris neglecta. These new records corroborate that the marine benthic invertebrate fauna of the TMV archipelago is actually a mosaic of amphi-Atlantic, eastern Atlantic, central Atlantic (insular), endemic and circumtropical species, with a strong western Atlantic component.
Cardioprotective Effects of Intracoronary Morphine in ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Prospective, Randomized Trial
Authors: Gwag Hye Bin , Kim Eun Kyoung , Park Taek Kyu , Lee Joo Myung , Yang Jeong Hoon , Song Young Bin , Choi Jin‐Ho , Choi Seung‐Hyuk , Lee Sang Hoon , Chang Sung‐A , Park Sung‐Ji , Lee Sang‐Chol , Park Seung Woo , Jang Woo Jin , Lee Mirae , Chun Woo Jung , Oh Ju Hyeon , Park Yong Hwan , Choe Yeon Hyeon , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol , Hahn Joo‐Yong 
Published: April 2017

Background

A cardioprotective role of morphine acting via opioid receptors has been demonstrated, and previous preclinical studies have reported that morphine could reduce reperfusion injury and myocardial infarct size in a way similar to that of ischemic periconditioning. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intracoronary morphine on myocardial infarct size in patients with
ST
‐elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results

This study was designed as a 2‐center, prospective, randomized, open‐label, blinded end point trial. A total of 91
ST
‐elevation myocardial infarction patients with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade of 0 to 1 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention were randomly assigned to a morphine or control group at a 1:1 ratio. The morphine group received 3 mg of morphine sulfate diluted with 3 mL of normal saline, and the control group received 3 mL of normal saline into a coronary artery immediately after restoration of coronary flow. The primary end point was myocardial infarct size assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging The cardiac magnetic resonance images were evaluated for 42 and 38 patients in the morphine and control groups, respectively. Myocardial infarct size was not different between the 2 groups (25.6±11.2% versus 24.6±10.5%,
P
=0.77), nor was the extent of microvascular obstruction or myocardial salvage index (6.0±6.3% versus 5.1±4.6%,
P
=0.91; 31.1±15.2% versus 30.3±10.9%,
P
=0.75, respectively). There was no difference in peak creatine kinase‐
MB
level, final thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow, myocardial brush grade, or complete resolution of
ST
‐segment.

Conclusions

Intracoronary morphine administration could not reduce myocardial infarct size in
ST
‐elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01738100.
Predictors for Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage After Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Hao Yonggang , Yang Dong , Wang Huaiming , Zi Wenjie , Zhang Meng , Geng Yu , Zhou Zhiming , Wang Wei , Xu Haowen , Tian Xiguang , Lv Penghua , Liu Yuxiu , Xiong Yunyun , Liu Xinfeng , Xu Gelin , Liu Chengchun , Shi Zongjie , Zhang Jinhua , Lin Hang , Lin Min , Hu Zhen , Deng Xiaorong , Wan Yue , Zhang Jiandong , Shi Zhonghua , Qu Mirui , Huang Xianjun , Quan Tao , Guan Sheng , Chen Lin , Li Xiaobo , Wang Shuiping , Yang Shiquan , Liu Wenhua , Wei Dan , Wang Zhen , Liu Xintong , Guo Fuqiang , Yang Shu , Zheng Dequan , Wu Xinyu , Zeng Youfu , Tu Mingyi , Jin Ping , Liu Yong , Li Hua , Fang Jiayang , Xiao Guodong 
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose—
Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) pose a major safety concern for endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke. This study aimed to evaluate the risk and related factors of SICH after endovascular treatment in a real-world practice.

Methods—
Patients with stroke treated with stent-like retrievers for recanalizing a blocked artery in anterior circulation were enrolled from 21 stroke centers in China. Intracranial hemorrhage was classified as symptomatic and asymptomatic ones according to Heidelberg Bleeding Classification. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors for SICH.

Results—

Of the 632 enrolled patients, 101 (16.0%) were diagnosed with SICH within 72 hours after endovascular treatment. Ninety-day mortality was higher in patients with SICH than in patients without SICH (65.3% versus 18.8%;
P
<0.001). On multivariate analysis, baseline neutrophil ratio >0.83 (odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–3.46), pretreatment Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score of <6 (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.24–4.14), stroke of cardioembolism type (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.13–3.25), poor collateral circulation (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.16–3.36), delay from symptoms onset to groin puncture >270 minutes (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.03–2.80), >3 passes with retriever (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.40–4.65) were associated with SICH after endovascular treatment.

Conclusions—
Incidence of SICH after thrombectomy is higher in Asian patients with acute ischemic stroke. Cardioembolic stroke, poor collateral circulation, delayed endovascular treatment, multiple passes with stent retriever device, lower pretreatment Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score, higher baseline neutrophil ratio may increase the risk of SICH.
Remote Sensing
Authors: Bühl J. , Alexander S. , Crewell S. , Heymsfield A. , Kalesse H. , Khain A. , Maahn M. , Van Tricht K. , Wendisch M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
State-of-the-art remote sensing techniques applicable to the investigation of ice formation and evolution are described. Ground-based and spaceborne measurements with lidar, radar, and radiometric techniques are discussed together with a global view on past and ongoing remote sensing measurement campaigns concerned with the study of ice formation and evolution. This chapter has the intention of a literature study and should illustrate the major efforts that are currently taken in the field of remote sensing of atmospheric ice. Since other chapters of this monograph mainly focus on aircraft in situ measurements, special emphasis is put on active remote sensing instruments and synergies between aircraft in situ measurements and passive remote sensing methods. The chapter concentrates on homogeneous and heterogeneous ice formation in the troposphere because this is a major topic of this monograph. Furthermore, methods that deliver direct, process-level information about ice formation are elaborated with a special emphasis on active remote sensing methods. Passive remote sensing methods are also dealt with but only in the context of synergy with aircraft in situ measurements.
Assimilation of Multinational Radar Reflectivity Data in a Mesoscale Model: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Ridal Martin , Dahlbom Mats 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRadar reflectivity observations have proven to be beneficial for improving the skill of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. A few countries around the world use radar reflectivity observations in their operational runs. The majority of experiments and usage are still only including the local radar observations from the country in which the forecasts are made. The model domains, on the other hand, cover areas far greater than this, and therefore observations from surrounding countries need to be included. As of today there is no central collection and redistribution of volume data in Europe. In recent years, there has been an initiative to collect and harmonize European radar observations, but the redistribution of data for this purpose has only been of centrally constructed composites. This study describes the efforts to collect volume reflectivity data from several data providers and make them available for use in an NWP model. A preprocessing of the reflectivity data has been set up to handle the different incoming data and to make a first data reduction for the NWP models to be able to include the new observations. Assimilation experiments have been performed that prove it is possible to assimilate operational radar reflectivity data from several countries, with a neutral to positive impact.
Respective Roles of the Guinea Current and Local Winds on the Coastal Upwelling in the Northern Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Djakouré S. , Penven P. , Bourlès B. , Koné V. , Veitch J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe northern Gulf of Guinea is a part of the eastern tropical Atlantic where oceanic conditions due to the presence of coastal upwelling may influence the regional climate and fisheries. The dynamics of this coastal upwelling is still poorly understood. A sensitivity experiment based on the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) is carried out to assess the role of the detachment of the Guinea Current as a potential mechanism for coastal upwelling. This idealized experiment is performed by canceling the inertia terms responsible for the advection of momentum in the equations and comparing with a realistic experiment. The results exhibit two major differences. First, the Guinea Current is found to be highly sensitive to inertia, as it is no longer detached from the coast in the idealized experiment. The Guinea Current adjusts on an inertial boundary layer, the inertial terms defining its lateral extension. Second, the upwelling east of Cape Palmas disappears in absence of the Guinea Current detachment. This is in contrast with the upwelling east of Cape Three Points, which is still present. The results suggest that two different generation processes of the coastal upwelling need to be considered: the upwelling east of Cape Palmas (which is due to inertia, topographic variations, and advective terms effects resulting in important vertical pumping) and the upwelling east of Cape Three Points (which is principally induced by local winds). In addition to recent work ruling out the role of eddies, this study clarifies the processes responsible for this coastal upwelling.
Panel 6: Vaccines
Authors: Pettigrew Melinda M. , Alderson Mark R. , Bakaletz Lauren O. , Barenkamp Stephen J. , Hakansson Anders P. , Mason Kevin M. , Nokso‐Koivisto Johanna , Patel Janak , Pelton Stephen I. , Murphy Timothy F. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo review the literature on progress regarding (1) effectiveness of vaccines for prevention of otitis media (OM) and (2) development of vaccine antigens for OM bacterial and viral pathogens.Data SourcesPubMed database of the National Library of Science.Review MethodsWe performed literature searches in PubMed for OM pathogens and candidate vaccine antigens, and we restricted the searches to articles in English that were published between July 2011 and June 2015. Panel members reviewed literature in their area of expertise.ConclusionsPneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are somewhat effective for the prevention of pneumococcal OM, recurrent OM, OM visits, and tympanostomy tube insertions. Widespread use of PCVs has been associated with shifts in pneumococcal serotypes and bacterial pathogens associated with OM, diminishing PCV effectiveness against AOM. The 10‐valent pneumococcal vaccine containing Haemophilus influenzae protein D (PHiD‐CV) is effective for pneumococcal OM, but results from studies describing the potential impact on OM due to H influenzae have been inconsistent. Progress in vaccine development for H influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and OM‐associated respiratory viruses has been limited. Additional research is needed to extend vaccine protection to additional pneumococcal serotypes and other otopathogens. There are likely to be licensure challenges for protein‐based vaccines, and data on correlates of protection for OM vaccine antigens are urgently needed.Implications for PracticeOM continues to be a significant health care burden globally. Prevention is preferable to treatment, and vaccine development remains an important goal. As a polymicrobial disease, OM poses significant but not insurmountable challenges for vaccine development.
Panel 4: Report of the Microbiology Panel
Authors: Barenkamp Stephen J. , Chonmaitree Tasnee , Hakansson Anders P. , Heikkinen Terho , King Samantha , Nokso‐Koivisto Johanna , Novotny Laura A. , Patel Janak A. , Pettigrew Melinda , Swords W. Edward 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo perform a comprehensive review of the literature from July 2011 until June 2015 on the virology and bacteriology of otitis media in children.Data SourcesPubMed database of the National Library of Medicine.Review MethodsTwo subpanels comprising experts in the virology and bacteriology of otitis media were created. Each panel reviewed the relevant literature in the fields of virology and bacteriology and generated draft reviews. These initial reviews were distributed to all panel members prior to meeting together at the Post‐symposium Research Conference of the 18th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media, National Harbor, Maryland, in June 2015. A final draft was created, circulated, and approved by all panel members.ConclusionsExcellent progress has been made in the past 4 years in advancing our understanding of the microbiology of otitis media. Numerous advances were made in basic laboratory studies, in animal models of otitis media, in better understanding the epidemiology of disease, and in clinical practice.Implications for Practice(1) Many viruses cause acute otitis media without bacterial coinfection, and such cases do not require antibiotic treatment. (2) When respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, and influenza virus peak in the community, practitioners can expect to see an increase in clinical otitis media cases. (3) Biomarkers that predict which children with upper respiratory tract infections will develop otitis media may be available in the future. (4) Compounds that target newly identified bacterial virulence determinants may be available as future treatment options for children with otitis media.