bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ezetimibe/Simvastatin
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri , Baker Danial E. 
Published: January 2018

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent to you in print and CD ROM forms and are available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of your facility. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The November 2004 monograph topics are erlotinib hydrochloride, clodronate, oxypurinol sodium, pegaptanib sodium injection, and ramelteon. The DUE is on ezetimibe/simvastatin.
Treating Veterans for Helicobacter Pylori Infection: Retrospective Evaluation of Long-term Outcomes
Authors: Segarra-Newnham Marisel 
Published: January 2018

Purpose This study documented the long-term outcomes of patients treated in a pharmacist-managed Helicobacter pylori (HP) clinic. Background An HP clinic was created in 1996 at a Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital. Patients received clarithromycin/amoxicillin-based therapy according to the clinic protocol. Clarithromycin use was restricted to treatment of HP infection. Metronidazole was used instead of amoxicillin in penicillin allergic patients. Results at 1 year showed that 53% of the patients were able to discontinue chronic heartburn therapy. Outcomes beyond 1 year were not established. Methods The electronic records of patients treated at the HP clinic from June 1996 to March 2001 were evaluated. Patients with at least 2 years of follow-up information were included. Baseline demographic and long-term outcome data were collected. Discontinuation rate, failure rate, and need for retreatment were evaluated. Results Of 229 patients treated during the period studied, at least 2 years of data was available for 198 individuals. Of these, 177 were men and 21 were women. Three of the 198 patients (1.5%) were unable to complete antibiotic therapy. Five patients (2.5%), two of them women, failed an initial course to eradicate HP. After treatment with bismuth-based therapy, four of these five patients showed documented eradication of infection. Forty-four percent of patients were off chronic therapy at the time of last review. Conclusions A pharmacist-managed HP treatment clinic can facilitate discontinuation of chronic acid suppressive therapy in more than a third of patients. A low treatment failure rate — below the national average for clarithromycin-based regimens — was found in our population.
Acamprosate Calcium Delayed-Release Tablets
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri , Baker Danial E. 
Published: January 2018

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent to you in print and CD ROM forms and are available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of your facility. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The November 2004 monograph topics are erlotinib hydrochloride, clodronate, oxypurinol sodium, pegaptanib sodium injection, and ramelteon. The DUE is on ezetimibe/simvastatin.
Article
Authors: Nielsen Per , Røjskjær Steffen 
Published: January 2018

Per Nielsen & Steffen R⊘jskjær: Dual disorder among alcohol addicted inpatient clients This study examines the prevalence and subtypes of personality disorders among alcohol-addicted inpatients, and the impact on drop out during treatment. The study is the first phase of a prospective study of dual disorder clients (alcohol addiction and personality disorder). Subjects were 104 clients with severe alcohol problems consecutively admitted to a Danish addiction treatment center (Ring-gaarden) applying a cognitive frame of reference. Each client was tested during the first two weeks using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI II-I). According to the psychological testing seven out of eight subjects manifested at least one personality disorder – and 65% of the clients had two or more personality disorders. Anti-social and/or passive-aggressive personality disorder was present in more than 50% of the subjects. Borderline personality disorder was found in about 30%. More than half of the subjects had elevated scores of anxiety and/or dysthymia. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct subtypes of clients: a. no/slight personality disorder, b. “avoidant/dependent”, c. “antisocial/narcissistic” and d. “borderline”. The drop-out rate was significantly higher for the “borderline” group than for the other three. The implications for treatment are discussed.
A problem of moral, medical and social nature. The views on alcohol and drug problems among staff in the addiction treatment in Stockholm
Authors: Palm Jessica 
Published: January 2018

One of the aims of the study “Men and Women in Swedish Alcohol and Drug Treatment” is to find out how both the staff and clients in the system, as well as with the general population view alcohol and drug problems. The aim of the paper is to analyse with the help of a questionnaire how the staff in the Stockholm County Addiction Treatment System, within the health sector, view alcohol and drug problems and treatments of these problems. The results show that staff comply with the disease concept, although more so for alcohol than for drugs, as well as with the idea of alcohol and drug problems as mainly a social problem. At the same time, they tend to view the patients as partially responsible for be-coming alcohol or drug addicts, and fully responsible for resolving their problems, which in itself implies a somewhat moralistic view. All the respondents seem to hold much the same views, which in turn skews answer distributions and produces negligible differences between the various groups. Nonetheless these attitudes can be of some importance to the relationship between the patients and staff and for treatment in general.
Who drinks more in Sweden? A study on consumption trends among men and women and in various age groups during 1990–2002
Authors: Leifman Håkan 
Published: January 2018

This study examines trends in alcohol consumption in Sweden from 1990 to 2002, with the emphasis on the period after 1995 with Sweden as a member of the European Union (EU). The specific aim of the study is to study gender-specific and age-specific trends in self-reported consumption by means of five general population surveys conducted between 1990 and 2002. Trends in the proportion of high consumers were also studied. Alcohol sales and estimates of unrecorded consumption indicate that Swedish per capita alcohol consumption (per person aged 15 or older) rose by approximately 27 per cent, from 7.8 litres of pure alcohol in 1990 to 9.9 litres in 2002. Approximately 90 per cent of this increase has occurred since 1996. Analyses of self-reported consumption from survey data confirm this trend with more than a 30 per cent increase for both genders (aged 16–75 years) since 1996. Among women, this is mainly due to increased wine consumption, and among men to augmented consumption of wine as well as beer. Furthermore, the proportion of high consumers has increased – and more so than the per capita consumption. The study also shows that changes in consumption during the period of 1990 to 2002 differ for the various gender-and age-specific groups. Among women, for in-stance, the increase since 1996 has been strongest for the oldest women (50–75 years of age), and since 1998 statistically significant only among this group. The weakest, and thus not statistically significant, increase has occurred among women between the ages of 30 and 49. It is important to track the changes not only among men and women and various age groups, but also in the different sub-groups of the population, since changes in per capita consumption are strongly related to changes in different alcohol-related problems. Other groups of importance are e.g. various social classes (including the long-term unemployed and people on long-term disability benefits), regions, family units and, not least, different drinking groups, including high consumers. Improved knowledge of how consumption changes in different socio-demo-graphic groups will also improve our understanding of the causes and mechanisms behind changes in alcohol consumption in society.
The therapists' experience of alcohol addiction treatment – a qualitative study
Authors: Nielsen Anette Søgaard 
Published: January 2018

The present study is a qualitative study, based on audio-taped interviews with 12 therapists, on how therapists view their own role as therapists within the alcohol treatment areas. The study describes how the therapists create an image of the patients they treat, and the rationale, they build the treatment on. The analysis of the therapists' stories indicated that therapists based their treatment on a platform that was constructed and negotiated by means of various kinds of information and knowledge. From this stock of information the therapists pulled out and interpreted elements that made coherent sense to them and provided indications about where to go next in the course of treatment. The stories about treatment were told within the frames of a recognisable structure, consisting of the patient's predisposition to treatment, empowerment, transformation and re-construction. Within this structure, the therapists rhetorically made use of various patterns to describe their communication with the patients. The rhetoric can be regarded as an indication of how the therapists perceive their role as therapist. As the therapist viewed it, treatment was aimed at helping the patient overcome dependence and at the same time letting the patient be the active decision-maker. The stories about treatment showed how the therapist viewed treatment as an act of balancing between dependence and independence.
When I had too much to drink
Authors: Abrahamson Maria 
Published: January 2018

Focus group interviews were carried out in different parts of Sweden with young men and women aged about 20 from different social groups. The groups were selected from naturally existing networks of friends. Considering that the consumption of alcohol has increased strongly in this age group over recent years, the purpose was to get a notion of how the young people are reasoning in an everyday fashion about alcohol. In this study, it is shown how in the form of narratives they tell about their own experiences of having drunk too much at times. The value system at the background of these narratives is examined with the aid of the accounts given of why drinking became excessive and how the narrators explain and excuse what happened. The moral emerging from the accounts is that in our culture he/she who drinks too much risks to be questioned in moral terms. At the same time, the acceptance by listeners of the accounts shows which reasons are considered acceptable for excessive drinking and on what grounds such a conduct may meet with understanding and instead be regarded as an involuntary and reasonable response to outer pressure or to other circumstances beyond the narrator's control.
Forgotten or neglected experiences with community action on alcohol
Authors: Moskalewicz Jacek , Zielinski Antoni 
Published: January 2018

The aim of this article is to trace the historical trade-offs between the State and local communities in shaping alcohol policies in Poland against the changes in more general political and economic backdrop. The article reviews relevant legislation and literature in the field since the 1920s and then discusses current legislation and policy documents, which apparently empower local alcohol action. It is argued that a shift from the State alcohol policies towards community-based initiatives is reinforced by the growing position of the market at the expense of the State powers. Public health approaches of proven efficacy are beyond the influence of local communities. They have no impact whatsoever on taxation. Availability control is rarely applied either as local preventive funds grow in proportion to the number of alcohol outlets. In this context, local alcohol policies tend to focus on school education on the one hand and on individual interventions in the field of family violence and severe addiction, on the other.
Artikel
Authors: Leifman Håkan , Gustafsson Nina-Katri 
Published: January 2018

Temporal variations in drinking – analyses of monthly variations in alcohol consumption and binge drinking in Sweden Aim To study gender- and age-specific variation in, and co-variation between, alcohol consumption and the frequency of binge drinking. Method The analyses were mainly based on self-reported data of alcohol consumption and binge drinking collected monthly from general adult population surveys conducted between July 2001 and May 2003. A total of 1500 interviews were completed in the age group 16–80 years each month. Results The Swedish alcohol consumption varies by month with the highest level found during the summer months, particularly July, and in December. This was the same across both genders and for most age groups. A similar pattern was seen for the frequency of binge drinking. Conclusions The highest frequency of binge drinking by Swedes was found to be during the same months as when they drink the most amount of alcohol. The peak in July is probably due to the fact that this is the typical holiday month in Sweden. The paper discusses the possibility that the temporal drinking patterns in Sweden (and in other Nordic countries) will gradually change in the future, and will keep pace with an increase in both alcohol consumption and the number of drinking occasions.
Disseminating health information to drug users in Copenhagen
Authors: Harbo Mette 
Published: January 2018

Aim The overall goal of the project was to get accurate health information distributed to intravenous drug users in order to improve the drug using habits of this particular group. Method To achieve the goal, small cards the size of credit cards were produced. The cards were designed so that on one side the user would find a health question, and on the other side of the card, he would find the correct answer. To give the card an aesthetic value beyond the health information, a selection of Danish artists volunteered to do a series of beautiful and creative decorations, one for each of the different cards. The cards came in categories i.e. drugs, fixing techniques, the body, communicable diseases, rights, and homelessness. The project produced 100 different cards. In total 400 000 copies were made. Every 3 months, copies of a batch of 25 different new cards were circulated along with Copenhagen's free handout syringe set. For an evaluation of the project, a series of interviews with active drug users were conducted before the cards were circulated, during circulation, and then again 3–6 month and 9–15 months after the cards had been removed from circulation. In total, 4 rounds of interviews were carried out with 45–48 interviewees per round. Results The evaluation results showed that 37% of the information that the project wanted to communicate via the cards allready existed as correct knowledge among the target group. During the intervention period (the 3 months where the cards were being circulated) the level of correct knowledge rose to 58%. In the two last interview rounds (3–6 and 9–15 month after the cards had been removed from circulation) the level of correct knowledge rose again and stabilized at 69% and 68% of correct answers. Conclusion The evaluation concluded that the intervention seemed to make a positive and strong impact on transferring accurate health information to a “hard to reach” target group. Furthermore, the evaluation confirms that the level of correct knowledge stayed at a high level over time and actually seemed to increase slightly after the cards had been removed from circulation. As an explanation to this increase, it is important to note that the evaluation showed that the cards were made a “collector's item” within the target group. Thus, the information card developed a value in itself and provided the cardholders with high social status within the target group. In addition, the information then spread not only from the card to the user, but also from one user to another.
Grassroot democracy in an organized organization. Direct and representative democracy in the Finnish AA-movement
Authors: Leppo Anna 
Published: January 2018

Aim Alcoholics Anonymous's non-hierarchical and non-bureaucratic organisation structure and its ability to maintain its unity is unique. AA has a “formal” level of decision-making – the AA service structure. The main activity for most members, however, is the grass-root activity in individual AA groups. There are certain tensions between these two. This case study analyses a conflict around the movement's decision-making structure in Finland in the late 1990's. The disagreements led eventually to the founding of a new AA service structure which led in fact to 2 parallel service structures. The study also looks at the consequences the conflict had on the Finnish AA movement and its vitality. Data The data is qualitative and consists primarily of taped interviews with 26 AA members. In addition, textual material written by AA members was analysed. Results The analysis of the interviewees' accounts revealed that the conflict was rooted in the movement's concrete decision-making practices as well as collective identities entwined with the members' social position. The grass-root activity of AA groups remained active despite the disputes on the movement's organisational level and a majority of the members remained uninterested in the dispute. The conflict did, however, affect the movement's ability to hold on to old members and attract new ones. Furthermore, it caused hurtful feelings to many and questioned the members' feeling of belonging together. Conclusion It is suggested that the fact that the conflict resulted in the founding of a new AA service structure – instead of for example further specialisation on the group level – reflects the Finnish society and its organisational traditions.
A description of former substance abusers based on a follow-up study
Authors: Hecksher Dorte 
Published: January 2018

Aim This paper focuses on one part of a sample from a large follow-up study on substance abusers in residential treatment. The aim of the paper is to describe the abstinent group prior to and in the first two years following residential treatment in Denmark. Method The present paper is based on data collected in a follow-up study on substance abusers in residential treatment. The data were collected in the initial phase of treatment and twice in follow up interviews, respectively half a year and two years after termination of treatment, primarily through the use of a Danish version of EuropASI. Results and Conclusion The study shows that few differences are found in the comparison of data prior to treatment, and that major differences appear in the years following treatment. In comparison to the non-abstinent groups the abstinent group has to a greater extent established itself in the labour market or in the educational system, and managed to establish and maintain a network of drug free friends and family, including contact with self-help organizations as the NA. The problem severity as measured with the EuropASI is found to have some shortcomings when it comes to evaluating and describing subjects with a very low degree of problem severity.
Tradition or scientific evidence? What is the frame of action for voluntary organisations' alcohol and drug preventive work with young people?
Authors: Von Greiff Ninive 
Published: January 2018

Aim The aim of this study is to discuss the frame of action within which the alcohol and drug prevention work by non-profit organizations in Sweden is performed. What activities or methods are emphasized as preventive work? How are the goals formulated? What kind of organizations are financed for preventive work? Concepts such as actors, legitimacy versus efficiency and technology are discussed. Data and Methods The empirical material consists of project applications and evaluations from the 150 non-profit organizations that during 1998 and 1999 received financial support from the National Institute of Public Health for preventive alcohol and drug work among adolescents, and scattered data from projects applying for but not receiving funding. The data was analyzed by grouping the projects according to type of applying organization, goals of the project, measures and target group. Results A great variety of organizations receive funds for preventive work. Some of them, the temperance organizations and church-related organizations, have traditionally a strong position in Swedish prevention work, albeit recently weakened. Others, such as sports organizations, do not have preventive work in this field as their prime activity. The explicit overall goal of all projects is to prevent alcohol and drug consumption among adolescents but the operational goals and activities vary a lot and not all of them are clearly alcohol or drug related. Preventive work seems to have quite undefined borders. 1/3 of the projects could not keep the time limits. This could be related to short time financing. Conclusions In times when evaluation of social and health policy is emphasized, the relation between legitimacy and efficiency becomes central. The challenge will be to incorporate knowledge from the field in the creation of new and efficient tools and methods and to invite new organizations to take part in this work.