bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery and primary purification of bacteriophage M13 using aqueous two‐phase systems
Authors: González‐Mora Alejandro , Ruiz‐Ruiz Federico , Benavides Jorge , Willson Richard C , Rito‐Palomares Marco 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacteriophage M13 is an Escherichia coli‐specific non‐lytic filamentous virus commonly used in applications ranging from antibody screening and nanomaterial construction to drug delivery, among others. In this tenor, alternative methods for the fractionation, recovery and partial purification of phage particles are desired. In this work, the use of aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) was evaluated as an alternative method for the recovery of phage particles.RESULTSThe partition behavior of M13 in PEG–salt and ionic liquid (IL)–salt ATPS was characterized using a pre‐purified feedstock. In PEG‐salt ATPS, M13 was preferentially partitioned to the interface. In IL ATPS, however, M13 showed a high‐top phase preference with recovery yields above 65%. Selected systems were tested for the extraction of M13 from a crude fermentation broth. From crude broth, a PEG 400‐potassium phosphate system with volume ratio (VR) of 1 and 25% w/w tie line length (TLL) gave the best M13 top phase recovery (83%) and purification fold (18.2) in terms of total protein concentration.CONCLUSIONSThe results presented here demonstrate the practical application of ATPS as an efficient process for the primary recovery and partial purification of M13 and represent the first study of the extraction of viral particles directly from a crude broth as well as the use of IL‐Salt ATPS. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Proposed new staging system for ampulla of Vater cancer with greater discriminatory ability: multinational study from eastern and western centers
Authors: He Jin , Kim Jae Ri , Lee Seung Yeoun , Oh Jinseok , Park Taesung , Kang Mee Joo , Kwon Wooil , Kim Hongbeom , Kim Sun‐Whe , Cameron John L. , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Jang Jin‐Young 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe built a multinational retrospective database of patients with ampulla of Vater cancer to develop a reliable new staging system.MethodThis study included 841 patients with ampulla of Vater cancer after curative surgery at Seoul National University Hospital (n = 440) and Johns Hopkins University medical institutions (n = 401) between 1985 and 2013.ResultsThe 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates of patients staged according to the 7th American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system were 80.3%, 60.9%, 58.1%, 36.6%, 17.9%, and 25.0% for Stages IA (n = 140), IB (n = 194), IIA (n = 115), IIB (n = 348), III (n = 33), and IV (n = 4), respectively. Five‐year OS rates were similar in patients with Stage IB (T2N0M0) and IIA (T3N0M0) tumors (P = 0.556), but differed significantly between other pairs of groups. The number of positive lymph nodes (PLN) enhanced prognosis when stratified as 0, 1–2 and ≥3 (P < 0.001). The revised staging system consisted of Stages I (T1, PLN 0), IIA (T2–T3, PLN 0), IIB (T1–T3, PLN 1–2), III (PLN ≥3 or any T4), and IV (any M1), with 5‐year OS rates differing significantly in each pair of groups, including Stages I and IIA (P < 0.001).ConclusionThis new staging system has better discriminatory ability in stratifying 5‐year OS rates based on a large multinational database.
Intracavitary vaginal brachytherapy using a custom balloon applicator
Authors: Paterson Dean B. , Pearson Shelley M. , Wilson Andrew N. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA custom balloon applicator was created to deliver intracavitary high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy to a patient with a superficial vaginal cancer. The patient was unable to be treated conventionally due to an extremely narrow introitus that prevented the introduction of a conventional cylinder applicator. The custom applicator was constructed by inserting a straight titanium tandem applicator through the drainage lumen of a Foley catheter. The applicator was inserted and the catheter balloon was inflated when positioned at the vaginal apex. Three brachytherapy treatments were performed using this technique. Individual balloon eccentricities resulted in small radial tandem offsets within the balloon. This phenomenon was exploited by orientating the tandem offset in the direction of the target volume. Acceptable dosimetry was achieved for all fractions and the procedure was very well tolerated. The custom applicator was a viable solution that was safely developed in a short time frame using equipment readily available in our department.
Comprehensive Network Map of ADME‐Tox Databases
Authors: Canault Baptiste , Bourg Stéphane , Vayer Philippe , Bonnet Pascal 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the last decade, many statistical‐based approaches have been developed to improve poor pharmacokinetics (PK) and to reduce toxicity of lead compounds, which are one of the main causes of high failure rate in drug development. Predictive QSAR models are not always very efficient due to the low number of available biological data and the differences in the experimental protocols. Fortunately, the number of available databases continues to grow every year. However, it remains a challenge to determine the source and the quality of the original data. The main goal is to identify the relevant databases required to generate the most robust predictive models. In this study, an interactive network of databases was proposed to easily find online data sources related to ADME‐Tox parameters data. In this map, relevant information regarding scope of application, data availability and data redundancy can be obtained for each data source. To illustrate the usage of data mining from the network, a dataset on plasma protein binding is selected based on various sources such as DrugBank, PubChem and ChEMBL databases. A total of 2,606 unique molecules with experimental values of PPB were extracted and can constitute a consistent dataset for QSAR modeling.
Prolonged first‐line PEG‐asparaginase treatment in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol—Pharmacokinetics and antibody formation
Authors: Tram Henriksen Louise , Gottschalk Højfeldt Sofie , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Frandsen Thomas Leth , Skov Wehner Peder , Schrøder Henrik , Klug Albertsen Birgitte ,   on behalf of the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, NOPHO Group
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundAs pegylated asparaginase is becoming the preferred first‐line asparaginase preparation in the chemotherapy regimens of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), there is a need to evaluate this treatment.MethodsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of prolonged upfront biweekly PEG‐asparaginase (where PEG is polyethylene glycol) treatment by measuring serum l‐asparaginase activity and formation of anti‐PEG‐asparaginase antibodies. A total of 97 evaluable patients (1–17 years), diagnosed with ALL, and treated according to the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol (where NOPHO is Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology) were included. In the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol, patients are randomized to 8 or 15 doses of intramuscular PEG‐asparaginase (Oncaspar®) 1,000 IU/m²/dose, at 2‐week or 6‐week intervals with a total of 30‐week treatment (Clinical trials.gov. no.: NCT00819351).ResultsThe pharmacological target of treatment (l‐asparaginase activity above 100 IU/l) was reached in 612 of 652 (94%) samples obtained 14 ± 2 days after PEG‐asparaginase administration. Mean l‐asparaginase activity was 338 IU/l. Six patients had l‐asparaginase activity below 50 IU/l in all samples. A total of 25 patients (26%) developed Immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti‐PEG‐asparaginase antibodies, but there was no correlation between anti‐PEG‐asparaginase antibodies and low levels of asparaginase activity.ConclusionWe conclude that prolonged first‐line biweekly PEG‐asparaginase therapy, 1,000 IU/m²/dose was above the pharmacological target in the vast majority of patients. Presence of anti‐PEG‐asparaginase antibodies was not a predictor of l‐asparaginase activity.
Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis during childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy: Risk factors and management
Authors: Ghanem Khaled M. , Dhayni Raghida M. , Al‐Aridi Carol , Tarek Nidale , Tamim Hani , Chan Anthony K. C. , Saab Raya , Abboud Miguel R. , El‐Solh Hassan , Muwakkit Samar A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundCerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare but serious complication of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy. No available consensus exists regarding its risk factors and appropriate management due to the rarity of cases.ProceduresOut of 209 ALL patients aged 1–21 years treated at the Children's Cancer Center of Lebanon between May 2002 and May 2015, 13 developed CSVT during therapy. Patient characteristics, clinical management, and outcomes were studied.ResultsThe incidence of CSVT was 6.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4–10.4). Using univariate analysis, increased risk of CSVT was observed with age >10 years (odds ratio [OR]: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.13–11.2), T‐cell immunophenotype (OR: 4.14, 95% CI: 1.16–14.7), and intermediate/high risk disease (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.03–11.7). The only statistically significant risk factor by multivariate analysis was the treatment as per the intermediate‐/high‐risk protocol (HR: 15.6, 95% CI: 1.43–171.3). Most cases (77%) occurred in the postinduction phases of treatment while receiving a combination of asparaginase and dexamethasone rather than prednisone. Treatment with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for a minimum of 3 months and until significant radiological improvement is observed resulted in 100% survival rate. All but one patient had complete neurological recovery.ConclusionsCSVT is an important complication of childhood ALL therapy. Postinduction combined asparaginase and dexamethasone intensive treatment for intermediate‐/high‐risk patients was the most important risk factor. Treatment with LMWH for a minimum of 3 months, and until asparginase therapy is over, with major radiological improvement seems to be effective and feasible.
EVIDENCE AND FALLIBILITY
Authors: DiPaolo Joshua 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe “Evidentialist Dictum” says we must believe what our evidence supports, and the “Fallibility Norm” says we must take our fallibility into account when managing our beliefs. This paper presents a problem for the Evidentialist Dictum based in the Fallibility Norm and a particular conception of evidential support. It then addresses two novel Evidentialist responses to this problem. The first response solves the problem by claiming that fallibility information causes “evidence-loss.” In addition to solving the problem, this response appears to explain what's wrong with certain illegitimate dismissals of misleading evidence. However, this explanation opens it up to objections. Next, I consider and pose challenges to an Evidentialist strategy that attempts to solve the problem by converting accounts of fallibility's epistemic significance for rational belief into principles of evidential support. I conclude by sketching a solution that allows us to capture what's true in the Evidentialist Dictum and the Fallibility Norm.
Regional climate of the Larsen B embayment 1980–2014
Authors: LEESON A. A. , VAN WESSEM J. M. , LIGTENBERG S. R. M. , SHEPHERD A. , VAN DEN BROEKE M. R. , KILLICK R. , SKVARCA P. , MARINSEK S. , COLWELL S. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the climate response of the Antarctic Peninsula ice sheet is vital for accurate predictions of sea-level rise. However, since climate models are typically too coarse to capture spatial variability in local scale meteorological processes, our ability to study specific sectors has been limited by the local fidelity of such models and the (often sparse) availability of observations. We show that a high-resolution (5.5 km × 5.5 km) version of a regional climate model (RACMO2.3) can reproduce observed interannual variability in the Larsen B embayment sufficiently to enable its use in investigating long-term changes in this sector. Using the model, together with automatic weather station data, we confirm previous findings that the year of the Larsen B ice shelf collapse (2001/02) was a strong melt year, but discover that total annual melt production was in fact ~30% lower than 2 years prior. While the year before collapse exhibited the lowest melting and highest snowfall during 1980–2014, the ice shelf was likely pre-conditioned for collapse by a series of strong melt years in the 1990s. Melt energy has since returned to pre-1990s levels, which likely explains the lack of further significant collapse in the region (e.g. of SCAR Inlet).
Sequencing, characterization and phylogenomics of the complete mitochondrial genome of Dactylogyrus lamellatus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae)
Authors: Zhang D. , Zou H. , Wu S.G. , Li M. , Jakovlić I. , Zhang J. , Chen R. , Wang G.T. , Li W.X. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite the worldwide distribution and pathogenicity of monogenean parasites belonging to the largest helminth genus, Dactylogyrus, there are no complete Dactylogyrinae (subfamily) mitogenomes published to date. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we have sequenced and characterized the complete mitogenome of Dactylogyrus lamellatus, a common parasite on the gills of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The circular mitogenome is 15,187 bp in size, containing the standard 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, 12 protein-encoding genes and a long non-coding region (NCR). There are two highly repetitive regions in the NCR. We have used concatenated nucleotide sequences of all 36 genes to perform the phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood approaches. As expected, the two dactylogyrids, D. lamellatus (Dactylogyrinae) and Tetrancistrum nebulosi (Ancyrocephalinae), were closely related to each other. These two formed a sister group with Capsalidae, and this cluster finally formed a further sister group with Gyrodactylidae. Phylogenetic affinity between Dactylogyrinae and Ancyrocephalinae was further confirmed by the similarity in their gene arrangement. The sequencing of the first Dactylogyrinae, along with a more suitable selection of outgroups, has enabled us to infer a much better phylogenetic resolution than recent mitogenomic studies. However, as many lineages of the class Monogenea remain underrepresented or not represented at all, a much larger number of mitogenome sequences will have to be available in order to infer the evolutionary relationships among the monogeneans fully, and with certainty.
Dementia in the workplace case study research: understanding the experiences of individuals, colleagues and managers
Authors: RITCHIE LOUISE , TOLSON DEBBIE , DANSON MIKE 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis article reports case study research which addresses the gap in knowledge about dementia in the workplace. Receiving a diagnosis of dementia whilst still in employment may have negative consequences for a person's identity, further compounded by loss of employment. This study is the first to explore the employment-related experiences of people with dementia and their employers to determine the potential for continued employment post-diagnosis. Sixteen case studies centred on a person with dementia who was still in employment or had left in the previous 18 months. Each involved interviews with the person with dementia, a family member and a workplace representative. This triangulation of the data promoted rigour, allowing the experiences to be viewed through a variety of lenses to build a clear picture of each situation. Thematic analysis was carried out and three themes were developed: (a) dementia as experienced in the workplace; (b) work keeps me well; and (c) wider impact of dementia in the workplace. These findings have the potential to initiate changes to policy and practice related to supporting employees with dementia. The implications of this research are multifaceted and need to be considered in terms of the individuals’ wellbeing, organisational support, as well as the wider theoretical, economic and societal consequences of supporting an employee with dementia.
Constraint answer set solver EZCSP and why integration schemas matter
Authors: BALDUCCINI MARCELLO , LIERLER YULIYA 
Published: June 2017

AbstractResearchers in answer set programming and constraint programming have spent significant efforts in the development of hybrid languages and solving algorithms combining the strengths of these traditionally separate fields. These efforts resulted in a new research area: constraint answer set programming. Constraint answer set programming languages and systems proved to be successful at providing declarative, yet efficient solutions to problems involving hybrid reasoning tasks. One of the main contributions of this paper is the first comprehensive account of the constraint answer set language and solver ezcsp, a mainstream representative of this research area that has been used in various successful applications. We also develop an extension of the transition systems proposed by Nieuwenhuis et al. in 2006 to capture Boolean satisfiability solvers. We use this extension to describe the ezcsp algorithm and prove formal claims about it. The design and algorithmic details behind ezcsp clearly demonstrate that the development of the hybrid systems of this kind is challenging. Many questions arise when one faces various design choices in an attempt to maximize system's benefits. One of the key decisions that a developer of a hybrid solver makes is settling on a particular integration schema within its implementation. Thus, another important contribution of this paper is a thorough case study based on ezcsp, focused on the various integration schemas that it provides.
The BIALL Annual Law Firm Library Survey 2015/2016
Authors:   BIALL Working Group
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe BIALL annual law firm survey was launched in October 2016. The aim was to understand standard practice across the law firm library sector and to benchmark certain aspects of a library's service against other firms, providing a year-on-year comparison of how the profession is changing. This is an overview of how the survey came about and a summary of the key findings from the first year's results. It was written by the Working Group members. The full survey results can be found on the BIALL website1.
Understanding the mechanism of catalytic fast pyrolysis by unveiling reactive intermediates in heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Hemberger Patrick , Custodis Victoria B. F. , Bodi Andras , Gerber Thomas , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCatalytic fast pyrolysis is a promising way to convert lignin into fine chemicals and fuels, but current approaches lack selectivity and yield unsatisfactory conversion. Understanding the pyrolysis reaction mechanism at the molecular level may help to make this sustainable process more economic. Reactive intermediates are responsible for product branching and hold the key to unveiling these mechanisms, but are notoriously difficult to detect isomer-selectively. Here, we investigate the catalytic pyrolysis of guaiacol, a lignin model compound, using photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation, which allows for isomer-selective detection of reactive intermediates. In combination with ambient pressure pyrolysis, we identify fulvenone as the central reactive intermediate, generated by catalytic demethylation to catechol and subsequent dehydration. The fulvenone ketene is responsible for the phenol formation. This technique may open unique opportunities for isomer-resolved probing in catalysis, and holds the potential for achieving a mechanistic understanding of complex, real-life catalytic processes.
Common mechanism of thermodynamic and mechanical origin for ageing and crystallization of glasses
Authors: Yanagishima Taiki , Russo John , Tanaka Hajime 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe glassy state is known to undergo slow structural relaxation, where the system progressively explores lower free-energy minima which are either amorphous (ageing) or crystalline (devitrification). Recently, there is growing interest in the unusual intermittent collective displacements of a large number of particles known as ‘avalanches’. However, their structural origin and dynamics are yet to be fully addressed. Here, we study hard-sphere glasses which either crystallize or age depending on the degree of size polydispersity, and show that a small number of particles are thermodynamically driven to rearrange in regions of low density and bond orientational order. This causes a transient loss of mechanical equilibrium which facilitates a large cascade of motion. Combined with previously identified phenomenology, we have a complete kinetic pathway for structural change which is common to both ageing and crystallization. Furthermore, this suggests that transient force balance is what distinguishes glasses from supercooled liquids.
The Sulfoquinovosyltransferase-like Enzyme SQD2.2 is Involved in Flavonoid Glycosylation, Regulating Sugar Metabolism and Seed Setting in Rice
Authors: Zhan Xinqiao , Shen Qingwen , Wang Xuemin , Hong Yueyun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSeed setting is an important trait that contributes to seed yield and relies greatly on starch accumulation. In this study, a sulfoquinovosyl transferase-like protein, designated as SQD2.2 involved in seed setting and flavonoid accumulation, was identified and characterized in rice. Rice SQD2.2 is localized to the cytoplasm, and the SQD2.2 transcript was highest in leaves. Rice SQD2.2-overexpressing (OE) plants exhibited a decreased seed setting rate and diminished tiller number simultaneously with an increased glycosidic flavonoid level compared with wild-type (WT) plants. SQD2.2 catalyzes the glycosylation of apigenin to produce apigenin 7-O-glucoside using uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDPG) as a sugar donor, but it failed to compensate for sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) synthesis in the Arabidopsis sqd2 mutant. Furthermore, apigenin 7-O-glucoside inhibited starch synthase (SS) activity in a concentration-dependent manner, and SQD2.2-OE plants exhibited reduced SS activity accompanied by a significant reduction in starch levels and an elevation in soluble sugar levels relative to WT plants. Both adenosine diphosphate-glucose (ADPG) and UDPG levels in SQD2.2-OE plants were notably lower than those in WT plants. Taken together, rice SQD2.2 exhibits a novel role in flavonoid synthesis and plays an important role in mediating sugar allocation between primary and secondary metabolism in rice.
Investigation of Thermally Induced Degradation in CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells using In-situ Synchrotron Radiation Analysis
Authors: Kim Nam-Koo , Min Young Hwan , Noh Seokhwan , Cho Eunkyung , Jeong Gitaeg , Joo Minho , Ahn Seh-Won , Lee Jeong Soo , Kim Seongtak , Ihm Kyuwook , Ahn Hyungju , Kang Yoonmook , Lee Hae-Seok , Kim Donghwan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, we employ a combination of various in-situ surface analysis techniques to investigate the thermally induced degradation processes in MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) as a function of temperature under air-free conditions (no moisture and oxygen). Through a comprehensive approach that combines in-situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction (GIWAXD) and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) measurements, we confirm that the surface structure of MAPbI3 perovskite film changes to an intermediate phase and decomposes to CH3I, NH3, and PbI2 after both a short (20 min) exposure to heat stress at 100 °C and a long exposure (>1 hour) at 80 °C. Moreover, we observe clearly the changes in the orientation of CH3NH3+ organic cations with respect to the substrate in the intermediate phase, which might be linked directly to the thermal degradation processes in MAPbI3 perovskites. These results provide important progress towards improved understanding of the thermal degradation mechanisms in perovskite materials and will facilitate improvements in the design and fabrication of perovskite solar cells with better thermal stability.