bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors for patients with skeletal metastases from carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Stevenson J. D. , McNair M. , Cribb G. L. , Cool W. P. 
Published: February 2016

Aims Surgical intervention in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer is dependent on the estimated survival of the patient. The purpose of this paper was to identify factors that would predict survival so that specific decisions could be made in terms of surgical (or non-surgical) management. Methods The records of 113 consecutive patients (112 women) with metastatic breast cancer were analysed for clinical, radiological, serological and surgical outcomes. Their median age was 61 years (interquartile range 29 to 90) and the median duration of follow-up was 1.6 years (standard deviation (sd) 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0 to 5.9). The cumulative one- and five-year rates of survival were 68% and 16% (95% Cl 60 to 77 and 95% CI 10 to 26, respectively). Results Linear discriminant analysis identified a ‘quadruple A’ predictor of survival by reclassifying the sum of the albumin, adjusted calcium, alkaline phosphatase and age covariates each multiplied by a determined factor. The accuracy of this ‘quadruple A’ predictor was 90% with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 88%. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed an area under the curve of 79%. Survival analysis for this ‘quadruple A’ predictor (< = one or > one year survival) was statistically significant using the log rank test (p = 0.0004) and Cox proportional hazard (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed the 'quadruple A' predictor to be the only independent predictor of survival (p = 0.01). Discussion The 'quadruple A' predictor, together with other positive predictors of survival, can be used by oncologists, orthopaedic and breast surgeons to estimate survival and therefore guide management. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:266–70.
Is a questionnaire and radiograph-based follow-up model for patients with primary hip and knee arthroplasty a viable alternative to traditional regular outpatient follow-up clinic?
Authors: Kingsbury S. R. , Dube B. , Thomas C. M. , Conaghan P. G. , Stone M. H. 
Published: February 2016

Aims Increasing demand for total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) and associated follow-up has placed huge demands on orthopaedic services. Feasible follow-up mechanisms are therefore essential. Methods We conducted an audit of clinical follow-up decision-making for THA/TKA based on questionnaire/radiograph review compared with local practice of Arthroplasty Care Practitioner (ACP)-led outpatient follow-up. In all 599 patients attending an ACP-led THA/TKA follow-up clinic had a pelvic/knee radiograph, completed a pain/function questionnaire and were reviewed by an ACP. An experienced orthopaedic surgeon reviewed the same radiographs and questionnaires, without patient contact or knowledge of the ACP’s decision. Each pathway classified patients into: urgent review, annual monitoring, routine follow-up or discharge. Results In total, 401 hip and 198 knee patients were included. There was substantial agreement between the ACP and surgeon for both hip (kappa = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62 to 0.76) and knee (kappa = 0.81, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.88). Positive agreement was very high for discharge and routine follow-up; however the ACP was more likely to select annual monitoring and the surgeon urgent review. Discussion Review of the questionnaire/radiograph together identified all patients in need of increased surveillance, with good agreement for on-going patient management. However, review of the radiograph or questionnaire alone missed some patients with potential problems. A radiograph in conjunction with a questionnaire as a review may represent a cost effective THA/TKA follow-up mechanism. Take home message: A questionnaire and radiograph-based remote review may represent a cost-effective total joint arthroplasty follow-up mechanism; thereby reducing the considerable burden that follow-up currently places on the NHS. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:201–8.
Bonneville Salt Flats: This place
Authors: Worden Jessica 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Utilizing multiple narratives to move in and out of a critical reading of Among the Salt Flats, a performance score written by the author in 2014, this article explores the different modes by which a performance writing practice generates multiplicities of place. The disruptive characteristics of performance jar the perceived fixed temporalities and locations of writing. These disruptions in the time and place of writing invite new proximities to the page which in turn recuperate the distance of representation. This article rewrites the disrupted linguistic geographies of Among the Salt Flats, focussing on the destabilizing force of this form on linearity and represents it through a text that moves between critical writing, image and first-person narrative.
We drive out to the Bonneville Salt Flats in my brother’s car. I sit in the passenger’s seat and we talk; I never learned how to drive. I look out the window at the flat-lying desert, endless and uniform in tone, shape and texture. The air outside parches the earth. From inside the car, I lick at the cracks in my lip that resemble the only breaks in the monotony of the ground. As we come closer to our destination, the landscape transforms into frozen greyish rifts and waves. We take the car out over the crust, park and proceed on foot past the warning signs.
Place, space and self: Site-responsive art in a globalized world
Authors: Williams Jeni 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Site-specific art grows out of a rejection of the enlightenment models of production and exhibition. The degradation of place and memory that accompanies globalization suggests a rationale for the increasing contemporary concern with site-specific and site-responsive artwork which is discussed in the first half of the article. A detailed reading of an installation, Anima/Animus, by artist collective Wilson-Eflerová (WE), which took place with Winchester Cathedral in 2013 follows as an example. The value of this work is seen as lying in its ability to assert connections between self and other that have been imagined in other times. The medieval statutory that seeded WE’s piece was created during the 1220s as part of a movement towards more realist representational styles and serves as a pre-enlightenment model for an embodied and interconnected world. A world that relies on a very different value system to those of a global market, and one that had from the start appealed on many different levels to a range of interpretive communities and which continues to do so in the present.
3. The Impact of Ante- and Post-Mortem Factors on the Incidence of Pork Defective Meat – A Review
Authors: Sionek Barbara , Przybylski Wiesław 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The occurrence of defective meat depends on factors affecting meat quality at the various stages of meat production. Defective meat has a broad definition and includes any property of meat that will dissatisfy end-users. For consumers the main meat quality features are colour, taste and texture (tenderness and juiciness). For processors and butchers very important are technological quality features: water holding capacity, pH, content of connective tissue, fat and protein. The functionality of defective meat is limited. The risk of incidence of defective meat is a result of the combination of ante-mortem and post-mortem factors. The ante-mortem factors are linked with the procedure at the lairage, the slaughtering factors, such as the method of stunning, and the post-mortem factors, including processing of meat carcasses. The ante-mortem factors such as genotype, gender, breeding conditions, nutrition, transport conditions, stress, weather conditions and the methods of slaughter are considered of primary importance for the quality of pork. It is estimated that 40% of meat defects are due to the procedure at the lairage. The impact of stressors causes a loss of weight of the pigs, contributes, in extreme cases, to the death of porkers, increases the risk of incidence of defective meat. Mixing animals from different herds is the cause of stress which leads to aggression and fights between animals. Limiting the stress factors is essential for improving the quality of pork. The applied stunning method affects the quality of meat. Physical stress during electrical stunning is associated with risk of an accelerated post-mortem glycolysis, contributing to the rapid decrease in pH. In comparison with the electrical method, stunning with carbon dioxide causes less stress in swine. In order to reduce the occurrence of defective meat, bleeding should be carried out as soon as possible directly after stunning. Deterioration of the quality of meat in the production chain can occur at any stage and is most often associated with the lack of compliance with the standards. The studies on the improvement of livestock breeding, transport and marketing carried out over a number of years contributed to the introduction of international standards and, consequently, to the reduction of quality and quantity losses in pork.
The Process of Managing a Destination in Lower and Upper Austria
Authors: Bobková Markéta 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The focus of the submitted article is to introduce the findings of author’s research in the area of destination management process conducted in the developed (Alpine) tourist destinations in the year of 2014. The theoretical part based on a literature review summarizes current knowledge dealing with the destination management process in terms of approaches and research findings. Problems influencing either positively or negatively this process, e.g. financing, legislation or cooperation among stakeholders are also defined. The practical application part includes an analysis of model destinations in Lower Austria and Upper Austria and presents the results of qualitative research conducted in these destinations. The collected information can be used to design methods leading to the improvement of the destination management process in tourist less developed destinations.
Network Analysis of Cooperation in Tourism Destinations
Authors: Gajdošík Tomáš 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Globalisation on the tourism market causes that the competition is not formed only between stakeholders in a destination, but more and more it is created among destinations. Therefore tourism stakeholders in a destination have to act together and cooperate. The cooperative behaviour of destination stakeholders is seen as a main prerequisite of applying the cooperative destination management, which influences the competitiveness of destination on tourism market.
The aim of the paper is to analyse and measure cooperation of stakeholders in the selected destinations in Slovakia and Switzerland and to show the contribution of the network analysis to the quantitative research in tourism destinations. The article presents the network analysis of cooperation in product development and integrated marketing communication in the High Tatras, Liptov, Davos - Klosters and Engadin St. Moritz. The measurement of the cooperative behaviour helps to better understand the problems of cooperative destination management and creates a tool for comparing the destinations.
Spatial Differentiation and Evaluation of Tourism Performance of Slovakia and Its Specificities
Authors: Kasagranda Anton 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to quantify tourists (both domestic and international) of Slovakia and their chronology throughout the years. Firstly, a brief development of them is introduced (absolute number and proportion of the total traffic from 1985 to 2013). Subsequently, the structure of their nationality, spatial differentiation (at municipal level) and seasonality is discussed (respective distribution during the year). The aim of this study is to discover a spatial context in space and time. To quantify the number of tourists, the data from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and also from the Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development, are used. These data are interpreted in analyses and confirmed by tables, graphs and pictures.
Laser Scanning Based Growth Analysis of Plants as a New Challenge for Deformation Monitoring
Authors: Dupuis Jan , Holst Christoph , Kuhlmann Heiner 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNowadays, the areal deformation analysis has become an important task in engineering geodesy. Thereby, not only manmade objects are of high interest, also natural objects, like plant organs, are focused more frequently. Thus, the analysis of leaf growth, i. e. the spatial development of the leaf surface, can be seen as a problem of deformation monitoring. In contrast to classical geodetic tasks, the absolute size of the deformation of the leaf surface is small, but usually great compared to the object size. Due to the optical characteristics of leaf surfaces, the point clouds, commonly acquired with high precision close-up laser scanners, provide a point-to-point distance that is small or equal compared to the measurement accuracy. Thus, the point clouds are usually processed and the leaf area is derived from a triangulation-based surface representation (mesh), resulting in a significant uncertainty of area calculation. In this paper, we illustrate the lacks of the mesh-based leaf area calculation. Using high precision gauge blocks as well as a number of tomato leaves, uncertainties of the area derivation are revealed and evaluated. The application of a B-spline approximation illustrates the advantages of an approximation-based approach and introduces the prospect for further research.
On CT and CSA groups and related ideas
Authors: Fine Ben , Gaglione Anthony M. , Rosenberger Gerhard , Spellman Dennis 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A group is G
commutative transitive or CT if commuting is
transitive on nontrivial elements. A group G is CSA or conjugately
separated abelian if maximal abelian subgroups are malnormal. These
concepts have played a prominent role in the studies of fully residually
free groups, limit groups and discriminating groups. They also play a role
in the solution to the Tarski problems. CSA always implies CT however the
class of CSA groups is a proper subclass of the class of CT groups. For
limit groups and finitely generated elementary free groups they are
equivalent. In this paper we examine the relationship between the two
concepts. In particular, we show that a finite CSA group must be abelian. If G is CT, then we prove that G is not CSA if and only if G contains a
nonabelian subgroup

G
0

${G_{0}}$

which contains a nontrivial abelian subgroup H
that is normal in

G
0

${G_{0}}$

. For K a field the group

PSL
⁢

(
2
,
K
)

${\mathrm{PSL}(2,K)}$

is never CSA
but is CT if

char
⁡

(
K
)

=
2

${\operatorname{char}(K)=2}$

and for fields K of characteristic 0 where -1
is not a sum of two squares in K. For characteristic p, for an odd prime
p,

PSL
⁢

(
2
,
K
)

${\mathrm{PSL}(2,K)}$

is never CT. Infinite CT groups G with a composition
series and having no nontrivial normal abelian subgroup must be monolithic
with monolith a simple nonabelian CT group. Further if a group G is
monolithic with monolith N isomorphic to

PSL
⁢

(
2
,
K
)

${\mathrm{PSL}(2,K)}$

for a field K of
characteristic 2 and G is CT, then

G
≅
N

${G\cong N}$

.
Binary Mutual Diffusion Coefficients of Polymer/Solvent Systems Using Compressible Regular Solutions Theory and Free Volume Theory
Authors: Farajnezhad Arsalan , Asef Afshar Orang , Asgarpour Khansary Milad , Shirazian Saeed 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe free volume theory has found practical application for prediction of diffusional behavior of polymer/solvent systems. In this paper, reviewing free volume theory, binary mutual diffusion coefficients in some polymer/solvent systems have been systematically presented through chemical thermodynamic modeling in terms of both activity coefficients and fugacity coefficients models. Here chemical thermodynamic model of compressible regular solution (CRS) was used for evaluation of diffusion coefficients calculations as the pure component properties would be required only. Four binary polymeric solutions of cyclohexane/polyisobutylene,
Schoolchildren born VLBW or VLGA show height-related changes in body composition and muscle function but no evidence of metabolic syndrome risk factors. Results from the NEOLONG study
Authors: Ranke Michael B. , Schweizer Roland , Rodemann Susanne M. , Bevot Andrea , Martin David D. , Goelz Rangmar , Wollmann Hartmut A. , Krägeloh-Mann Ingeborg , Binder Gerhard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractChildren born small for gestational age (SGA) are at risk for the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as adults. We examined whether indicators of MetS could be identified in pre-pubertal children born very preterm.Parameters associated with MetS were studied in 141 pre-pubertal schoolchildren with either very low birth weight (VLBW) or GA <32 weeks (SGA: n=43).At 8.3±0.8 years, 36 children (SGA: n=15) were classified short. There were no differences between the SGA and appropriate for age (AGA) groups; nor were dissimilarities observed between short children and those with normal height for parameters such as body mass index (BMI), serum levels of hormones, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, body composition, resting energy expenditure, grip strength and jump force.Neither SGA at birth nor short stature at follow-up (irrespective of size at birth), could be associated with parameters that indicate an increased risk for the MetS during childhood.
Education Related to Tourism Received by Polish Tourism and Recreation Students in Childhood and Adolescence and its Impact on their Tourism Activity
Authors: Omelan Aneta , Huk-Wieliczuk Elżbieta , Podstawski Robert 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Introduction.
If activity related to tourism is planned effectively and performed in a responsible way, it can satisfy many human needs. In order to make it possible for members of modern society to fully benefit from tourism, however, it is necessary to undertake action aimed at promoting tourism, fostering its development, stimulating the need to travel, and helping tourists adopt certain habits. The aim of the study was to collect information concerning the impact of family, school, and community organisations on the tourism activity of students of tourism and recreation.

Material and methods.
The study involved 289 students of an undergraduate programme in tourism and recreation offered by the Faculty of Environmental Sciences at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. The study was conducted using a specially designed diagnostic survey on “Education in tourism”.

Results.
More than 71% of the students surveyed engaged in tourism with their parents in childhood and adolescence, and those living in the city did so more frequently. Only one in four students said that during family trips visiting sights and attractions was combined with active tourism. As far as school trips are concerned, the respondents did take part in them, but these were mostly one-day sightseeing trips, aimed at developing their knowledge about the country, during which pupils do not undertake intense physical activity. More than half of the respondents participated in summer camps for children and adolescents. An overwhelming majority of the respondents stated their parents had had the greatest influence on their tourism activity, while community organisations and schools had had the smallest impact in this respect.

Conclusion.
Most of the students surveyed undertook tourism-related activities which were organised for them by different persons; thus, they received some education in tourism during childhood and adolescence. Since students of tourism and recreation will have an influence on tourism in Poland in the future, provided they work in the tourism sector, they should be prepared to promote tourism which offers a range of different benefits, not only educational ones.
Exact differentiable penalty for a problem of quadratic programming with the use of a gradient-projective method
Authors: Tret’yakov Alexey , Tyrtyshnikov Eugene 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIt is known that the solution obtained for a problem of quadratic programming (QP) is not exact in the case of reduction of the original problem to a sequence of problems of unconditional minimization by a method of penalty functions with a differentiable penalty. In this paper we obtain an exact solution to a QP problem for a finite penalty constant and a smooth penalty with the use of a gradient-projective method.
Berry–Esseen bounds and almost sure CLT for the quadratic variation of the bifractional Brownian motion
Authors: Aazizi Soufiane , Es-Sebaiy Khalifa 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Let B be a bifractional Brownian motion with parameters H ∈ (0,1) and K ∈ (0,1]. For any n ≥ 1, set

Z
n

=

∑

i
=
0

n
-
1

[

n

2
H
K

(

B

(
i
+
1
)
/
n

-

B

i
/
n

)

2

-
𝔼

(

(

B

i
+
1

-

B
i

)

2

)

]

${Z_n = \sum _{i=0 }^{n-1} [n^{2HK}(B_{(i+1)/n}-B_{i/n})^2-\mathbb {E} ((B_{i+1}-B_{i})^2 ) ]}$

. We use Malliavin calculus and the so-called Stein's method on Wiener chaos introduced by Nourdin and Peccati [11] to derive, in the case when 0 < H
K ≤ 3/4, Berry–Esseen-type bounds for the Kolmogorov distance between the law of the correct renormalization Vn
of Zn
and the standard normal law. Finally, we study almost sure central limit theorems for the sequence Vn
.
Central and peripheral pathogenetic forms of type 2 diabetes: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Davydov Dmitry M , Nurbekov Malik K 
Published: February 2016

Hypothesis
Previous studies provide evidence that glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) should not be considered as interchangeable alternatives in the diagnosis of the same type 2 diabetes, but as indicators of its different pathogenetic subtypes. This study was conducted to determine whether a particularly high amount of glucose in either HbA1c form or in fasting plasma would be found in diabetic patients genetically predisposed for either intensive cognitive or intensive muscle metabolic activity, respectively.

Methods
HbA1c and FPG levels, polymorphisms of genes indicating the predisposition to different cognitive activity (the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2/ANKK1)), muscle activity (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1A(PPARGC1A))), and vascular regulation of general metabolic activity (the angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE)) were assessed in diabetic patients and nondiabetic controls.

Results
DRD2/ANKK1 polymorphism that affects baseline central arousal determined HbA1c variations uncorrelated with FPG in total and clinical groups. The mutation of PGC1A mainly affecting peripheral glucose metabolism had an effect on FPG correlated or uncorrelated with HbA1c depending on the effect assessment in the total sample or in the nondiabetic group, respectively. ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism was associated with both HbA1c and FPG fluctuations, but only in diabetic patients.

Conclusion
The findings provide evidence that the HbA1c and FPG may predict the risks for different subtypes of type 2 diabetes associated with either brain or muscle metabolic activity in genetically vulnerable people.