bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childbearing importance: A qualitative study of women with infertility in China
Authors: Yao Hong , Chan Celia Hoi Yan , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe primary goal of this study was to examine and describe the importance of childbearing as perceived by infertile women in the Chinese familial and social context. We adopted a qualitative descriptive method and conducted semi‐structured interviews with female patients diagnosed with infertility. Participants were recruited at a high‐volume fertility clinic in Tianjin, China. Fifteen women with a diagnosis of infertility were interviewed for 60–90 min. Data were analyzed by thematic analysis. Two themes supported the importance of childbearing for Chinese women with infertility: childbearing as natural law, and childbearing for relational harmony. Childbearing as natural law referred to intrinsic forces to seek a child, including (i) achieving motherhood and womanhood and (ii) experiencing a developmental transition with childbearing as a landmark. Relational harmony included three primary factors: (i) to maintain marital quality by preventing marital failure and rejuvenating an unsatisfactory marital relationship; (ii) to fulfill both authoritative and reciprocal filial piety; (iii) to build a sense of normalcy within family and social networks. In summary, infertility resulted in loss of motherhood, womanhood, and a smooth developmental transition. Moreover, it threatened relationship harmony in the marriage, family, and social life. These insights on the value of childbearing in the Chinese context can inform healthcare professionals in identify infertility‐related demands and developing relevant psychosocial services for people with infertility.
Energy Expenditure and Hormone Responses in Humans After Overeating High‐Fructose Corn Syrup Versus Whole‐Wheat Foods
Authors: Ibrahim Mostafa , Bonfiglio Susan , Schlögl Mathias , Vinales Karyne L. , Piaggi Paolo , Venti Colleen , Walter Mary , Krakoff Jonathan , Thearle Marie S. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveThis study sought to understand how the dietary source of carbohydrates, either high‐fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or complex carbohydrates, affects energy expenditure (EE) measures, appetitive sensations, and hormones during 24 hours of overfeeding.MethodsSeventeen healthy participants with normal glucose regulation had 24‐hour EE measures and fasting blood and 24‐hour urine collection during four different 1‐day diets, including an energy‐balanced diet, fasting, and two 75% carbohydrate diets (5% fat) given at 200% of energy requirements with either HFCS or whole‐wheat foods as the carbohydrate source. In eight volunteers, hunger was assessed with visual analog scales the morning after the diets.ResultsCompared with energy balance, 24‐hour EE increased 12.8% ± 6.9% with carbohydrate overfeeding (P < 0.0001). No differences in 24‐hour EE or macronutrient utilization were observed between the two high‐carbohydrate diets; however, sleeping metabolic rate was higher after the HFCS diet (Δ = 35 ± 48 kcal [146 ± 200 kJ];P = 0.01). Insulin, ghrelin, and triglycerides increased the morning after both overfeeding diets. Urinary cortisol concentrations (82.8 ± 35.9 vs. 107.6 ± 46.9 nmol/24 h;P = 0.01) and morning‐after hunger scores (Δ = 2.4 ± 2.0 cm;P = 0.01) were higher with HFCS overfeeding.ConclusionsThe dietary carbohydrate source while overeating did not affect 24‐hour EE, but HFCS overconsumption may predispose individuals to further overeating due to increased glucocorticoid release and increased hunger the following morning.
Ketamine Infusion for Adjunct Sedation in Mechanically Ventilated Adults
Authors: Groetzinger Lara M. , Rivosecchi Ryan M. , Bain William , Bahr Marshall , Chin Katherine , McVerry Bryan J. , Barbash Ian 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundMany critically ill patients receive ketamine for adjunct sedation despite a paucity of evidence on its use, dosing, and monitoring in this setting.ObjectiveTo describe the dosing and safety considerations of ketamine for adjunct sedation in a population of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients targeting light sedation.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of mechanically ventilated patients receiving continuous ketamine infusion between January 2012 and April 2016. Data included dosing, effect of ketamine on other sedatives, total sedative use, Riker Sedation‐Agitation Scale (SAS) scores, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and hemodynamic variables.ResultsNinety‐one patients were included in the analysis. Ketamine was infused at a median dosage of 0.41 mg/kg/hour (range 0.04–2.5 mg/kg/hr) for up to 14.7 days (median 2.8 days). Concomitant sedatives were reduced or discontinued, without the initiation of an additional sedative, in 57 patients (63%) within 24 hours of initiating ketamine. Propofol was most commonly discontinued (16 patients, 36%), followed by benzodiazepines (12 patients, 27%). There was an increase in the number of SAS scores documented in goal in the 24‐hour period after ketamine initiation compared with the immediate 24 hours before (61% vs 55%, p=0.001). Patients were less frequently agitated, defined as SAS >4, after the initiation of ketamine (27% vs 33%, p=0.005). Seven patients (7.7%) required discontinuation of ketamine infusion for an ADR. There were no significant changes in hemodynamic variables after the initiation of ketamine.ConclusionsContinuous ketamine infusion for adjunct light sedation was well tolerated in a cohort of critically ill adults, with an acceptable safety profile. Prospective studies of ketamine infusion are warranted to further establish its efficacy as a sedative in this population.
Incidence of antiemetic‐induced akathisia in patients at a comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Rashid A. , Baile W. , Olubajo T. , De La Garza R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionAkathisia is a common and severely disabling medication‐induced movement disorder. The condition is often missed, and patients suffer for a long time until diagnosed and managed properly. It is important to bring awareness to the clinicians for early detection and management of akathisia.MethodsWe reviewed a 4‐year record of patients seen at a comprehensive cancer center for anxiety and restlessness. Patients diagnosed with akathisia and the medications causing akathisia were identified. Management of akathisia is discussed.ResultsThe results showed that 4.7% of patients developed akathisia while taking antiemetic agents to control chemotherapy‐induced nausea/vomiting. Early detection and management of akathisia resulted in quick recovery and reduced patients' suffering.ConclusionAkathisia is an unpleasant feeling of motor restlessness with anxiety. Clinicians need to have a full understanding to identify the subtle difference between functional anxiety and akathisia.
Parent knowledge of disease management in cystic fibrosis: Assessing behavioral treatment management
Authors: Nicolais Christina J. , Bernstein Ruth , Riekert Kristin A. , Quittner Alexandra L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is a life‐shortening, burdensome disease requiring complex knowledge to manage the disease. Significant gaps in knowledge have been documented for parents, which may lead to unintentionally poor adherence and insufficient transfer of treatment responsibility from parents to adolescents. There are no current, validated measures of parent knowledge for this population and there are no measures that assess the knowledge required for day‐to‐day behavioral management of CF. We assessed the psychometric properties of the parent version of the Knowledge of Disease Management‐Cystic Fibrosis measure (KDM‐CF‐P) using data from iCARE (I Change Adherence and Raise Expectations), a randomized control adherence intervention trial.MethodsA total of 196 parents in the iCARE standard care/control arm completed 35 items assessing their knowledge of disease management at their 12‐month study visit, prior to beginning the intervention. Items were eliminated from the measure if they met the threshold for ceiling effects, were deemed clinically irrelevant, or did not correlate well with their intended scale. Item‐to‐total correlations, confirmatory factor analysis, discriminant function, reliability, and convergent validity were calculated.ResultsThe KDM‐CF‐P (19 items) demonstrated internal consistency of KR20 = 0.60 on each scale and a two‐scale structure. Convergent validity for knowledge scores was found with maternal education, family income, and type of medical insurance. Parents correctly answered approximately 85% of items on the KDM‐CF‐P.ConclusionsThe KDM‐CF‐P psychometrics support a two‐scale measure with clinical utility. It is useful for assessing gaps in knowledge that can be remediated through individualized, tailored interventions.
Effects of probiotics on ghrelin and lungs in children with acute lung injury: A double‐blind randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Wang Yu , Gao Li , Yang Zhongwen , Chen Fengmin , Zhang Yuhua 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimTo assess the effects of probiotics on serum ghrelin levels and protection for lungs in children with acute lung injury (ALI).MethodsThis study was performed as a double‐blind, randomized, and controlled trial in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The eligible children with ALI were assigned to either probiotic treatment or an identical placebo for 10 days. Serum ghrelin, SP‐A(surfactant protein‐A), TNF‐α, and IL‐6 concentrations were assessed at baseline and at the end of trial. Meanwhile, pulmonary function test and echocardiography were examined, then VPEF (volume to peak tidal expiratory flow), TPEF/TE (the ratio of time taken to reach peak expiratory flow to total expiratory time), MAP (mean arterial pressure), and PAP (pulmonary artery pressure) were recorded.ResultsEighty participants fulfilled the study requirements with 40 children for each group. The groups were comparable in baseline characteristics. Serum SP‐A, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 levels in the probiotic group were 212.6 ± 52.9 ng/mL, 401.9 ± 56.4 pg/mL, and 245.1 ± 55.1 pg/mL on day 10, respectively, significantly lower levels compared to the control group where the same parameters were 248.2 ± 57 ng/mL, 449.4 ± 60.1 pg/mL, and 308.3 ± 92.2 pg/mL (P < 0.01). However, ghrelin concentrations were elevated in the intervention group (P < 0.05). On measurement of pulmonary function, the probiotic group demonstrated a VPEF of 26.1 ± 4.2 mL and TPEF/TE of 29.1 ± 4.7%, which were higher than the control group (24.7 ± 4.3 mL and 26.9 ± 4.7%, respectively) (P < 0.05). MAP and PAP also improved in the probiotic group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, ghrelin, SP‐A, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and PAP were negatively correlated. Positive correlations were found between ghrelin, TPEF/TE, and MAP. There were no probiotic‐associated adverse events during the observation.ConclusionProbiotics administrated to children with ALI alleviates the inflammation of lungs, improves pulmonary function and circulation by ghrelin.
Malaria in India: The Need for New Targets for Diagnosis and Detection of Plasmodium vivax
Authors: Patankar Swati , Sharma Shobhona , Rathod Pradipsinh K. , Duraisingh Manoj T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPlasmodium vivax is a protozoan parasite that is one of the causative agents of human malaria. Due to several occult features of its life cycle, P. vivax threatens to be a problem for the recent efforts toward elimination of malaria globally. With an emphasis on malaria elimination goals, the authors summarize the major gaps in P. vivax diagnosis and describe how proteomics technologies have begun to contribute toward the discovery of antigens that could be used for various technology platforms and applications. The authors suggest areas where, in the future, proteomics technologies could fill in gaps in P. vivax diagnosis that have proved difficult. The discovery of new parasite antigens, host responses, and immune signatures using proteomics technologies will be a key part of the global malaria elimination efforts.
Integrated assessment of safety distances for rescue work in chemical plant fires involving domino effects
Authors: Tsai Shih‐Fang , Huang An‐Chi , Shu Chi‐Min 
Published: November 2017

This study employed the Suite for the Assessment of Flammable, Explosive, and Toxic Impacts to synergize the environmental data, risk frequency, and physical and chemical properties of chemical‐induced fires and explosions at accident sites and thereby establish an integrated assessment model. In addition, the suite was used to visualize fires and explosions resulting from domino effects caused by thermal radiation and blast overpressure in initial accidents at chemical plants.The simulation results were successfully utilized to respond to a chemical plant fire, assist the fire command officer to determine the range of domino effects during rescue, and extinguish the ignition source. In addition, the model provided safety distances for rescue to enable the proper deployment of rescuers and vehicles and to prevent their exposure to deadly hazards.The simulation results also provided the integrated safety distances including acceptable safety distances for rescuers with the appropriate protective equipment and the range of domino effect during the first accident and the second accident. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 37: 186–193, 2018
Opportunities and challenges for harvest weed seed control in global cropping systems
Authors: Walsh Michael J , Broster John C , Schwartz‐Lazaro Lauren M , Norsworthy Jason K , Davis Adam S , Tidemann Breanne D , Beckie Hugh J , Lyon Drew J , Soni Neeta , Neve Paul , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe opportunity to target weed seeds during grain harvest was established many decades ago following the introduction of mechanical harvesting and the recognition of high weed‐seed retention levels at crop maturity; however, this opportunity remained largely neglected until more recently. The introduction and adoption of harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems in Australia has been in response to widespread occurrence of herbicide‐resistant weed populations. With diminishing herbicide resources and the need to maintain highly productive reduced tillage and stubble‐retention practices, growers began to develop systems that targeted weed seeds during crop harvest. Research and development efforts over the past two decades have established the efficacy of HWSC systems in Australian cropping systems, where widespread adoption is now occurring. With similarly dramatic herbicide resistance issues now present across many of the world's cropping regions, it is timely for HWSC systems to be considered for inclusion in weed‐management programs in these areas. This review describes HWSC systems and establishing the potential for this approach to weed control in several cropping regions. As observed in Australia, the inclusion of HWSC systems can reduce weed populations substantially reducing the potential for weed adaptation and resistance evolution. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Gene expression in response to glyphosate treatment in fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) – glyphosate death response and candidate resistance genes
Authors: Hereward James P , Werth Jeff A , Thornby David F , Keenan Michelle , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh , Walter Gimme H 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study takes a whole‐transcriptome approach to assess gene expression changes in response to glyphosate treatment in glyphosate‐resistant fleabane. We assessed gene expression changes in both susceptible and resistant lines so that the glyphosate death response could be quantified, and constitutively expressed candidate resistance genes identified. There are three copies of the glyphosate target site (5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate; EPSPS) gene in Conyza and because Conyza bonariensis is allohexaploid, there is a baseline nine copies of the gene in any individual.RESULTSMany genes were differentially expressed in response to glyphosate treatment. Known resistance mutations are present in EPSPS2 but they are present in a glyphosate‐susceptible line as well as resistant lines and therefore not sufficient to confer resistance. EPSPS1 is expressed four times more than EPSPS2, further reducing the overall contribution of these mutations.CONCLUSIONWe demonstrate that glyphosate resistance in C. bonariensis is not the result of EPSPS mutations or overexpression, but due to a non‐target‐site mechanism. A large number of genes are affected by glyphosate treatment. We present a list of candidate non‐target‐site‐resistance (NTSR) genes in fleabane for future studies into these mechanisms. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of no‐tillage versus tillage system on common vole (Microtus arvalis) population density
Authors: Heroldová Marta , Michalko Radek , Suchomel Josef , Zejda Jan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhile the ‘no‐tillage’ management system generally improves soil properties and helps to control arthropod pests, it may also intensify crop infestation by the common vole (Microtus arvalis Pallas). In this study, we evaluated the impact of soil management (no‐tillage or tillage), crop and previous crop (winter wheat or winter rape), and season (spring or autumn) on common vole density using data from the Common Vole Monitoring Programme undertaken by the Plant Protection Service of the Czech Republic between 2000 and 2009.RESULTSModels predicted low mean values of vole infestation across management types, crops, and seasons. The untilled fields hosted significantly more voles than the tilled fields in spring but not in autumn. More common voles were found in winter rape than in winter wheat during both seasons.CONCLUSIONRecent studies suggest that no‐tillage management is more profitable than tillage management as a result of its positive impact on soil properties and pest control. During periods of high vole infestation, however, tillage may constitute an alternative strategy for reducing yield losses. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Reciprocal youth mobilities between Italy and Spain: A question of elective affinities
Authors: Pumares Pablo , González‐Martín Beatriz , Montanari Armando , Staniscia Barbara 
Published: November 2017

AbstractItaly and Spain are two countries with important migration traditions, yet very little research has been done on movements between these two Southern European countries. In this paper, the main research question concerns the determinants of migration and, in some cases, return of young Italians and Spaniards. Based on an analysis of the transcripts of 69 in‐depth interviews, we survey migrants' motivations and expectations, their economic and social integration and their future plans, and thereby attempt to understand the specific features of this “horizontal” mobility. The research results find little weight for a purely economic rationale behind the choice of Italians and Spaniards to move to the other country. What seems to be important are two factors acting in combination: (a) the “affinity factor” between the two countries, including the relative ease of learning the language, the consequent frequency and intensity of contact with members of the host population, and the result therefore of “feeling comfortable” during their stay abroad; (b) the lubricating effect of free movement. However, the migration relationship between the two countries is not fully reciprocal and there is one major element of asymmetry. Although experiences of social and cultural integration are positive in both cases, differences in the socio‐economic context, especially the labour market and cost of living, help to explain the imbalance in the two‐way flows, including returns, which is positive for Spain and negative for Italy.
Anti‐MRSA activity of oxysporone and xylitol from the endophytic fungus Pestalotia sp. growing on the Sundarbans mangrove plant Heritiera fomes
Authors: Nurunnabi Tauhidur Rahman , Nahar Lutfun , Al‐Majmaie Shaymaa , Rahman S.M. Mahbubur , Sohrab Md. Hossain , Billah Md. Morsaline , Ismail Fyaz M.D. , Rahman M. Mukhlesur , Sharples George P. , Sarker Satyajit D. 
Published: November 2017

Heritiera fomes Buch.‐Ham., a mangrove plant from the Sundarbans, has adapted to a unique habitat, muddy saline water, anaerobic soil, brackish tidal activities, and high microbial competition. Endophytic fungal association protects this plant from adverse environmental conditions. This plant is used in Bangladeshi folk medicine, but it has not been extensively studied phytochemically, and there is hardly any report on investigation on endophytic fungi growing on this plant. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from the surface sterilized cladodes and leaves of H. fomes. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated against two Gram‐positive and two Gram‐negative bacteria and the fungal strain, Candida albicans. Extracts of Pestalotia sp. showed activities against all test bacterial strains, except that the ethyl acetate extract was inactive against Escherichia coli. The structures of the purified compounds, oxysporone and xylitol, were elucidated by spectroscopic means. The anti‐MRSA potential of the isolated compounds were determined against various MRSA strains, that is, ATCC 25923, SA‐1199B, RN4220, XU212, EMRSA‐15, and EMRSA‐16, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 32 to 128 μg/ml. This paper, for the first time, reports on the anti‐MRSA property of oxysporone and xylitol, isolation of the endophyte Pestalotia sp. from H. fomes, and isolation of xylitol from a Pestalotia sp.
Real‐time probe tracking using EM‐optical sensor for MRI‐guided cryoablation
Authors: Gao Wenpeng , Jiang Baichuan , Kacher Daniel F. , Fetics Barry , Nevo Erez , Lee Thomas C. , Jayender Jagadeesan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundA method of real‐time, accurate probe tracking at the entrance of the MRI bore is developed, which, fused with pre‐procedural MR images, will enable clinicians to perform cryoablation efficiently in a large workspace with image guidance.MethodsElectromagnetic (EM) tracking coupled with optical tracking is used to track the probe. EM tracking is achieved with an MRI‐safe EM sensor working under the scanner's magnetic field to compensate the line‐of‐sight issue of optical tracking. Unscented Kalman filter‐based probe tracking is developed to smooth the EM sensor measurements when occlusion occurs and to improve the tracking accuracy by fusing the measurements of two sensors.ResultsExperiments with a spine phantom show that the mean targeting errors using the EM sensor alone and using the proposed method are 2.21 mm and 1.80 mm, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed method achieves more accurate probe tracking than using an EM sensor alone at the MRI scanner entrance.