bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Structure, Photoluminescence, and Optical Properties of (Co/B) Co‐Doped ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Arda L. , Veziroglu S. , Ozdogan K. , Ozugurlu E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCo/B co‐doped ZnO nanoparticles, denoted as Zn0.95‐xBxCo0.05O, are synthesized using the sol–gel method to explore the effects of the defects on optical properties. The stoichiometry is adjusted by varying the doping levels (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05). X‐ray diffraction is employed to analyze the structural characteristics of all Co/B co‐doped ZnO nanoparticles, confirming the presence of a hexagonal Wurtzite structure by assessing the c/a ratios. To investigate structural defects, photoluminescence properties are measured using the Fluorescence Spectrophotometer, revealing violet, blue, green, and red emissions. With the doped of boron (B), a shift from green emission to blue emission occurs, indicating a transformation of singly charged oxygen vacancies (VO+) to VZn vacancies. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra (4000–400 cm−1) are acquired using the Perkin Elmer Spectrum Two FTIR‐ATR spectrophotometer. The surface morphology, crystallite size, and nanoparticle shapes are characterized through Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analysis. Elemental compositions are determined using Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDAX). The Shimadzu 2600 UV‐Spectrophotometer is used to examine optical characteristics. The samples' energy band gaps are calculated, and the impact of dopant elements on these optical characteristics is examined. Five different models are used to compute the refractive index.
CsgA gatekeeper residues control nucleation but not stability of functional amyloid
Authors: Olsen William P. , Courtade Gaston , Peña‐Díaz Samuel , Nagaraj Madhu , Sønderby Thorbjørn V. , Mulder Frans A. A. , Malle Mette G. , Otzen Daniel E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFunctional amyloids, beneficial to the organism producing them, are found throughout life, from bacteria to humans. While disease‐related amyloids form by uncontrolled aggregation, the fibrillation of functional amyloid is regulated by complex cellular machinery and optimized sequences, including so‐called gatekeeper residues such as Asp. However, the molecular basis for this regulation remains unclear. Here we investigate how the introduction of additional gatekeeper residues affects fibril formation and stability in the functional amyloid CsgA from E. coli. Step‐wise introduction of additional Asp gatekeepers gradually eliminated fibrillation unless preformed fibrils were added, illustrating that gatekeepers mainly affect nucleus formation. Once formed, the mutant CsgA fibrils were just as stable as wild‐type CsgA. HSQC NMR spectra confirmed that CsgA is intrinsically disordered, and that the introduction of gatekeeper residues does not alter this ensemble. NMR‐based Dark‐state Exchange Saturation Transfer (DEST) experiments on the different CsgA variants, however, show a decrease in transient interactions between monomeric states and the fibrils, highlighting a critical role for these interactions in the fibrillation process. We conclude that gatekeeper residues affect fibrillation kinetics without compromising structural integrity, making them useful and selective modulators of fibril properties.
A new formula for calculating normal tissue complication probability
Authors: Cao Tingting , Yuan Qingqing , Dai Zhitao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo facilitate the use of quantitative modeling of biological effects in treatment planning by introducing a simpler function equivalent to the Lyman formula for calculating normal tissue complication probability (NTCP).MethodsWe first provide an approximation of the Lyman‐Kutcher‐Burman (LKB) formula using three parameters (n, m, TD50) as a function of equivalent uniform dose (EUD). The parameters for the new formula are defined in terms of the Lyman model's m and TD50. Conversely, m and TD50 are expressed in terms of the parameters of the new equation. The role of the Lyman volume‐effect parameter n remains unchanged from its role in the Lyman model.ResultsThe new formula, which exhibits a sigmoidal shape, demonstrates symmetry about TD50, akin to the LKB model. The difference in NTCP between the two formulas is less than 0.1%. The parameters (n, m, TD50) are preserved through rigorous mathematical deduction and have been recalibrated to the tolerance data of Emani et al. using the proposed formula. This new model provides a better fit to these data than the model by Burman et al., which was fitted “by eye” rather than using statistical methods.ConclusionWe have developed a formula that represents NTCP as a function of EUD, which proves to be potentially useful. The parameters derived in this study are mathematically robust and offer a superior fit to the data compared to previous efforts. Additionally, the new model fits brain data as well as, if not better than, the LKB model.
F(Q)$F(Q)$ Gravity with Gauss–Bonnet Corrections: From Early‐Time Inflation to Late‐Time Acceleration
Authors: Nojiri Shin'ichi , Odintsov Sergei D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe authors show that in the gravity with a non‐metricity scalar , the curvatures in Einstein's gravity, that is, the Riemann curvature constructed from the standard Levi‐Civita connection, could not be excluded or naturally appear. The first observation is that even in gravity, the conservation of the matter energy‐momentum tensor is not described by the covariant derivatives in the non‐metricity gravity but that is given by the Levi‐Civita connection. The commutator of the covariant derivatives in Einstein's gravity inevitably induces the Riemann curvature. There is no symmetry nor principle which prohibits the Riemann curvature in non‐metricity gravity. Based on this observation, the authors propose and investigate gravity with the Gauss–Bonnet invariant and its generalizations. The authors also show how models realizing any given the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson– Walker (FLRW) spacetime can be reconstructed. The reconstruction formalism to cosmology is applied. Explicitly, the gravity models which realize slow roll or constant roll inflation, dark energy epoch as well as the unification of the inflation and dark energy are found. The dynamical autonomous system and the gravitational wave in the theory under investigation are discussed. It is found the condition that the de Sitter spacetime becomes the (stable) fixed point of the system.
Robust and accurate simulations of flows over orography using non‐conforming meshes
Authors: Orlando Giuseppe , Benacchio Tommaso , Bonaventura Luca 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe systematically validate the static local mesh refinement capabilities of a recently proposed implicit–explicit discontinuous Galerkin scheme implemented in the framework of the deal.II library. Non‐conforming meshes are employed in atmospheric flow simulations to increase the resolution around complex orography. The proposed approach is fully mass and energy conservative and allows local mesh refinement in the vertical and horizontal direction without relaxation at the internal coarse/fine mesh boundaries. A number of numerical experiments based on classical benchmarks with idealized as well as more realistic orography profiles demonstrate that simulations with the locally refined mesh are stable for long lead times and that no spurious effects arise at the interfaces of mesh regions with different resolutions. Moreover, correct values of the momentum flux are retrieved and the correct large‐scale orographic response is reproduced. Hence, large‐scale orography‐driven flow features can be simulated without loss of accuracy using a much lower total amount of degrees of freedom.
High‐dimensional ensemble Kalman filter with localization, inflation, and iterative updates
Authors: Sun Hao‐Xuan , Wang Shouxia , Zheng Xiaogu , Chen Song Xi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccurate estimation of forecast‐error covariance matrices is an essential step in data assimilation, which becomes a challenging task for high‐dimensional data assimilation. The standard ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) may diverge due to both the limited ensemble size and the model bias. In this article, we propose to replace the sample covariance in the EnKF with a statistically consistent high‐dimensional tapering covariance matrix estimator to counter the estimation problem under high dimensions. A high‐dimensional EnKF scheme combining covariance localization with the inflation method and an iterative update structure is developed. The proposed assimilation scheme is tested on the Lorenz‐96 model with spatially correlated observation systems. The results demonstrate that the proposed method could improve the assimilation performance under multiple settings.
Computational Study on SnS2 as Anode Material for Magnesium Ion Battery
Authors: Dang Jianmeng , Li Yanze 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe strain can regulate the electronic properties of transition metal sulfides and enhance their application in ion battery electrode materials. In this article, the potential of single‐layer SnS2 as anode material for magnesium ion batteries under shear strain and torsional strain was studied by first‐principles calculation. The calculation of adsorption energy shows that the strain does not have a great influence on the structural stability. The band gap of SnS2 calculated by HSE06 is 2.210 eV. When Mg is on the surface of SnS2, the band gap of SnS2 drops to 0.113 eV, which shows quasi‐metallic properties. Both strains can regulate the band gap value of SnS2. The diffusion energy barrier of SnS2 after strain is significantly lower than that without strain. After torsion strain, the diffusion barrier of Mg ions on SnS2 is 0.11 eV. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the design of magnesium ion batteries.
Automatic clutch control using ADRC with continuous adaptive extended state observer
Authors: Liu Wudong , Wu Guangqiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDisturbances and uncertainties, ubiquitous in real‐world systems, complicate model‐based control design. A key challenge is developing a precise control strategy that takes all disturbances into account. The automatic dry‐type clutch is a nonlinear, uncertain, and continuous system, where influencing factors are regarded as total disturbances. An active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) framework with an adaptive extended state observer (AESO) is proposed. The AESO's key strength is its adaptability, adjusting gains over time to minimize state estimation errors and noise impacts. This optimizes disturbance estimation, enhancing closed‐loop system performance. Furthermore, we prove the stability of the AESO through the Lyapunov method and, based on this, set the controller parameters as a Hurwitz matrix to ensure the stability of the closed‐loop system. Experimental data from clutch control demonstrates the efficacy of this controller. It ensures clutch position accuracy with a mean value of 13.5255 mm and a root mean square error of 28.7368 mm. Notably, the AESO's observation errors are minimal, averaging at 0.4365 mm with a root mean square error of 0.7068 mm, even under conditions of uncertain dynamics and measurement noise. This performance surpasses traditional ADRC methods relying on linear extended state observers (ESO) and PI control, thereby advancing the practical applicability of ADRC. Finally, through simulations comparing with fuzzy ESO and nonlinear ESO, the results show that the proposed AESO can achieve the same effect as them.
When home stress translates to work: The impact of interpersonal conflict at home on employee silence
Authors: Busse Kaitlin A. , Rodriguez Wiston A. , Che Xinxuan , Zhou Zhiqing E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCompared to research about the effects of work‐related interpersonal experiences on employee behaviours at home, research on whether and how home‐related interpersonal experiences can affect employee behaviours at work has received less attention. This study aimed to contribute to this literature by examining whether interpersonal conflict at home can predict employee silence through exhaustion at work. The moderating effect of affective commitment on the relationship between interpersonal conflict at home and exhaustion was also explored. Using a two‐wave design with data from 246 full‐time employees, the current study found that interpersonal conflict at home positively predicted employee silence through exhaustion at work. Further, affective commitment exacerbated the relationship between interpersonal conflict at home and exhaustion at work. Our findings extend the understanding of mediating and moderating mechanisms for the effect of negative experiences at home on work behaviours.
Palladium‐Doped Cs2AgBiBr6 with 1300 nm Near‐Infrared Photoresponse
Authors: Lei Hongwei , Singh Utkarsh , Ji Fuxiang , Lin Tinghao , Kobera Libor , Shang Yuequn , Cai Xinyi , Ning Weihua , Mahun Andrii , Abbrent Sabina , Tan Zuojun , Brus Jiri , Li Dehui , Simak Sergei I. , Abrikosov Igor A. , Gao Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLead‐free halide double perovskite (HDP) Cs2AgBiBr6 has set a benchmark for research in HDP photoelectric applications due to its attractive optoelectronic properties. However, its narrow absorption range is a key limitation of this material. Herein, a novel dopant, palladium (Pd), is doped into Cs2AgBiBr6 and significantly extends the absorption to ≈1400 nm. Pd2+ ions are partially doped in the host lattice, most probably replacing Ag atoms and introducing a sub‐bandgap state within the host bandgap, as indicated by the combination of spectroscopical measurements and theoretical calculations. Importantly, this sub‐bandgap state extends the photoresponse of Cs2AgBiBr6 up to the NIR‐II region of 1300 nm, setting a new record for HDPs. This work demonstrates a novel and efficient dopant for HDPs and highlights the effectiveness of employing a sub‐bandgap to broaden the absorption of HDPs, shedding new light on tailoring large bandgap HDPs for NIR optoelectronic applications.
Hot and dense QCD shear viscosity at (almost) NLO
Authors: Danhoni Isabella , Moore Guy D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The next-to-leading order weak-coupling shear viscosity of QCD was computed 6 years ago. However, these results have never been applied at finite baryon chemical potential μ, even though intermediate-energy heavy ion collisions and merging neutron stars may explore the Quark-Gluon Plasma in a regime where baryon chemical potentials are large. Here, we extend the next-to-leading order shear viscosity calculations to finite μ, and we show that, while the convergence of the weak-coupling expansion is questionable for achievable plasmas, it is somewhat better at μ > T than at μ = 0.
A supersymmetric extension of w1+∞ algebra in the celestial holography
Authors: Ahn Changhyun , Kim Man Hea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We determine the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric topological W∞ algebra by using the λ deformed bosons (β, γ) and fermions (b, c) ghost system. By considering the real bosons and the real fermions at λ = 0 (or λ = $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

), the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric $$ {W}_{\frac{\infty }{2}} $$

W

∞
2

algebra is obtained. At λ = $$ \frac{1}{4} $$

1
4

, other $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric W1+∞[λ = $$ \frac{1}{4} $$

1
4

] algebra is determined. We also obtain the extension of Lie superalgebra PSU(2, 2|$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4) appearing in the worldsheet theory by using the symplectic bosons and the fermions. We identify the soft current algebra between the graviton, the gravitino, the photon (the gluon), the photino (the gluino) or the scalars, equivalent to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric W1+∞[λ] algebra, in two dimensions with the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supergravity theory in four dimensions discovered by Freedman, van Nieuwenhuizen and Ferrara in 1976 and its matter coupled theories, via celestial holography.
Quantum focusing conjecture in two-dimensional evaporating black holes
Authors: Ishibashi Akihiro , Matsuo Yoshinori , Tanaka Akane 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We consider the quantum focusing conjecture (QFC) for two-dimensional evaporating black holes in the Russo-Susskind-Thorlacius (RST) model. The QFC is closely related to the behavior of the generalized entropy. In the context of the black hole evaporation, the entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation is decreasing after the Page time, and therefore it is not obvious whether the QFC holds. One of the present authors previously addressed this problem in a four-dimensional spherically symmetric dynamical black hole model and showed that the QFC is satisfied. However, the background spacetime considered was approximated by the Vaidya metric, and quantum effects of matters in the semiclassical regime were not fully taken into consideration. It remains to be seen if the QFC in fact holds for exact solutions of the semiclassical Einstein equations. In this paper, we address this problem in the RST model, which allows us to solve the semiclassical equations of motion exactly. We prove that the QFC is satisfied for evaporating black holes in the RST model with the island formation taken into account.
Anatomy of null contractions
Authors: Bagchi Arjun , Nachiketh M , Soni Pushkar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We introduce null contractions of the Poincare and relativistic conformal algebras. The longitudinal null contraction involves writing the algebra in lightcone coordinates and contracting one of the null directions. For the Poincare algebra, this yields two non-overlapping co-dimension one Carroll algebras. The transverse contraction is a limit on the spatial dimensions and yields two non-overlapping co-dimension one Galilean algebras. We find, similar to Susskind’s original observation of the non-relativistic case, that the Poincare algebra, written in the lightcone coordinates, naturally contains Carrollian sub-algebras in one lower dimension. The effect of the longitudinal contraction, which essentially focusses on the null direction, is to disentangle the two Carroll algebras that now correspond to the symmetries of the two null boundaries. The transverse contraction similarly separates the overlapping Galilean sub-algebras of the original Poincare algebra. We discuss aspects of the conformal case, where we get lower dimensional Carroll Conformal algebras and Schrödinger algebras.
Monopoles and fermions in the Standard Model
Authors: Khoze Valentin V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We consider all magnetic monopoles that could have settled in the Standard Model after descending from a generic microscopic theory. These monopoles have Standard Model quantum numbers, are stable, and we also require that their magnetic fluxes are consistent with the electroweak symmetry breaking. Scattering processes involving quarks, leptons and protons on these monopoles are studied using partial waves decomposition. These processes in the lowest partial wave are known to be unsuppressed by the monopole mass and are relevant for monopole catalysis of proton decay. We provide estimates for scattering cross-sections and investigate and confirm the applicability of the twisted sector approach to scattering processes on these Standard Model monopoles. We find that the SM monopole catalysis processes are universal and model-independent.
Multistakeholder Initiatives and Sustainability? A Governance Analysis using the German Initiative on Sustainable Cocoa (GISCO) as a Case Study
Authors: Schuster Daniel , Mossig Ivo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the Multistakeholder initiative (MSI) “German Initiative on Sustainable Cocoa (GISCO)”. MSIs represent arenas in which heterogeneous actors from governments, businesses and civil society come together to achieve sustainability goals that they cannot achieve otherwise. The self-defined goals of GISCO are first, to improve the living conditions of cocoa farmers and their families; second, to conserve and protect natural resources and biodiversity; and third, to increase the share of sustainably produced cocoa. Although all stakeholder groups share these goals, they have different agendas and conflicting interests. Despite numerous case studies, no theoretical basis has been established on the functioning and success of negotiations in MSIs. Therefore, the question arises as to how the governance of an MSI can be captured empirically to explain (un)achieved outcomes of the collaboration. The contribution of this paper is the development of a theoretical framework and its application to the case study. Minutes of 84 meetings and 18 qualitative expert interviews were analyzed by social network analysis and qualitative content analysis using MaxQDA to identify (a) influential actors, (b) collaboration structures and (c) processes as well as (d) topics discussed to explain (not) achieved outcomes regarding the self-defined goals. The results provide detailed insight into the governance of an MSI. The MSI helps members to extend their individual networks and to learn from each other, but quickly reaches its limits in achieving the self-imposed common goals. One reason for this is the lack of representation of actors from the Global South, despite addressing environmental and living conditions there in two out of the three GISCO goals. Furthermore, it is shown that the structures and processes of decision-making within the MSI are designed in such a way that a lack of hierarchical directives, sanctions and other decision-making mechanisms makes negotiation-based compromises difficult. Consequently, the power of each stakeholder group to use their veto right to delay or prevent the changes required to achieve common goals cannot be overcome.