bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of the Diagnosis “Decreased Cardiac Output (00029)” in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Rojas Sánchez Lyda Zoraya , Hernández Vargas Juliana Alexandra , Trujillo Cáceres Silvia Juliana , Roa Díaz Zayne Milena , Jurado Arenales Adriana Milena , Toloza Pérez Yesith Guillermo 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVETo determine the clinical and construct validity of the nursing diagnosis “decreased cardiac output” (DCO) in patients with chronic heart failure.METHODSCross‐sectional study.RESULTSA total of 200 people were studied. The defining characteristics with the highest prevalence were as follows: arrhythmia (62.5%) and fatigue (61.5%). Adjustment measures such as infit and outfit were maintained between 0.50 and 1.56 and the total variance explained by the measures was 29.3%.CONCLUSIONSThis study determined the clinical validity of the nursing diagnosis DCO. Regarding construct validity, adjustment of the defining characteristics to the Rasch model was observed.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEThis study improves the evidence‐based practice of nursing and strengthened the role of the nurse who leads care to this population.OBJETIVODeterminar la validez clínica y de constructo del diagnóstico de enfermería “Disminución del Gasto Cardíaco” en pacientes con falla cardíaca crónica.MÉTODOSEstudio de corte transversal.RESULTADOSUn total de 200 pacientes fueron estudiados. Las características definitorias con las mayores prevalencias fueron: arritmia (62.5%) y fatiga (61.5%). Medidas de ajuste como el infit y outfit se mantuvieron entre 0.50 y 1.56. El total de la varianza explicada por las medidas fue de 29.3%.CONCLUSIONESEste estudio determinó la validez clínica del diagnóstico de enfermería “Disminución del Gasto Cardíaco”. En cuanto a la validez de constructo, se observó que 19 de las 21 características definitorias se ajustaron al modelo Rasch.IMPLICACIONES PARA LA PRÁCTICA DE ENFERMERÍAEste estudio mejora la práctica basada en la evidencia de enfermería y fortalece el rol de las enfermeras que lideran el cuidado en esta población.
Treatment of nodular vasculitis with colchicine
Authors: Wee Edmund , Kelly Robert I 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNodular vasculitis (NV) refers to a chronic relapsing lobular panniculitis that is thought to be a hypersensitivity reaction to antigenic triggers. While it is commonly associated with tuberculosis, in many cases no underlying cause is found and the condition is difficult to manage. Here, we report three patients with refractory idiopathic NV effectively treated with colchicine, leading to a significant improvement or complete resolution of their symptoms. Colchicine was successfully used as a steroid‐sparing agent, and in one patient its cessation was associated with a flare of disease.
Effects of cysteamine supplementation on the intestinal expression of amino acid and peptide transporters and intestinal health in finishing pigs
Authors: Zhou Ping , Luo Yiqiu , Zhang Lin , Li Jiaolong , Zhang Bolin , Xing Shen , Zhu Yuping , Gao Feng , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of cysteamine supplementation on the expression of jejunal amino acid and peptide transporters and intestinal health in finishing pigs. Sixty barrows were allocated into two experimental diets consisting of a basal control diet supplemented with 0 or 142 mg/kg cysteamine. After 41 days, 10 pigs per treatment were slaughtered. The results showed that cysteamine supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) (P < 0.05) and the trypsin activity in jejunal digesta (P < 0.01). Cysteamine supplementation also increased the messenger RNA abundance of SLC7A7, SLC7A9 and SLC15A1, occludin, claudin‐1 and zonula occludens protein‐1 (P < 0.001) in the jejunum mucosa. Increased glutathione content (P < 0.01) and glutathione peroxidase activity (P < 0.05) and decreased malondialdehyde content (P < 0.01) were observed in pigs receiving cysteamine. Additionally, cysteamine supplementation increased the concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) (P < 0.05), IgM (P < 0.001) and IgG (P < 0.001) in the jejunal mucosa. It is concluded that cysteamine supplementation could influence protein digestion and absorption via increasing trypsin activity, enhancing the digestibility of CP, and promoting the expression of jejunal amino acid and peptide transporters. Moreover, cysteamine improved intestinal integrity, antioxidant capacity and immune function in the jejunum, which were beneficial for intestinal health.
Sex‐specific effects of relaxin‐3 on food intake and body weight gain
Authors: Calvez Juliane , de Ávila Camila , Timofeeva Elena 
Published: June 2016

Relaxin‐3 (RLN3) is a neuropeptide that is strongly expressed in the pontine nucleus incertus (NI) and binds with high affinity to its cognate receptor RXFP3. Central administration of RLN3 in rats increases food intake and adiposity. In humans, RLN3 polymorphism has been associated with obesity and hypercholesterolaemia. Emerging evidence suggests that the effects of RLN3 may have sex‐specific aspects. Thus, the RLN3 knockout female but not male mice are hypoactive. RLN3 produced stronger orexigenic and obesogenic effects in female rats compared with male rats. In addition, female rats demonstrated higher sensitivity to lower doses of RLN3. Repeated cycles of food restriction and stress were accompanied by an increase in RLN3 expression and hyperphagia in female but not in male rats. Furthermore, stress‐induced binge eating in female rats was blocked by an RXFP3 receptor antagonist. RLN3 increased the expression of corticotropin releasing factor in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus in male but not in female rats. Conversely, in female rats, RLN3 increased the expression of orexin in the lateral hypothalamus. There is evidence that orexin directly activates the RLN3 neurons in the NI. The positive reinforcement of the RLN3 effects by orexin may intensify behavioural activation and feeding in females. Sex‐specific effects of RLN3 may also depend on differential expression of RXFP3 receptors in the brain. Given the higher sensitivity of females to the orexigenic effects of RLN3 and the stress‐induced activation of RLN3, the overall data suggest a possible role for RLN3 in eating disorders that show a higher propensity in women.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Progress in the Understanding of Relaxin Family Peptides and their Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.10/issuetoc
Modeling Statistical Insensitivity: Sources of Suboptimal Behavior
Authors: Gagliardi Annie , Feldman Naomi H. , Lidz Jeffrey 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChildren acquiring languages with noun classes (grammatical gender) have ample statistical information available that characterizes the distribution of nouns into these classes, but their use of this information to classify novel nouns differs from the predictions made by an optimal Bayesian classifier. We use rational analysis to investigate the hypothesis that children are classifying nouns optimally with respect to a distribution that does not match the surface distribution of statistical features in their input. We propose three ways in which children's apparent statistical insensitivity might arise, and find that all three provide ways to account for the difference between children's behavior and the optimal classifier. A fourth model combines two of these proposals and finds that children's insensitivity is best modeled as a bias to ignore certain features during classification, rather than an inability to encode those features during learning. These results provide insight into children's developing knowledge of noun classes and highlight the complex ways in which statistical information from the input interacts with children's learning processes.
Effects of Disfluency in Online Interpretation of Deception
Authors: Loy Jia E. , Rohde Hannah , Corley Martin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA speaker's manner of delivery of an utterance can affect a listener's pragmatic interpretation of the message. Disfluencies (such as filled pauses) influence a listener's off‐line assessment of whether the speaker is truthful or deceptive. Do listeners also form this assessment during the moment‐by‐moment processing of the linguistic message? Here we present two experiments that examined listeners’ judgments of whether a speaker was indicating the true location of the prize in a game during fluent and disfluent utterances. Participants’ eye and mouse movements were biased toward the location named by the speaker during fluent utterances, whereas the opposite bias was observed during disfluent utterances. This difference emerged rapidly after the onset of the critical noun. Participants were similarly sensitive to disfluencies at the start of the utterance (Experiment 1) and in the middle (Experiment 2). Our findings support recent research showing that listeners integrate pragmatic information alongside semantic content during the earliest moments of language processing. Unlike prior work which has focused on pragmatic effects in the interpretation of the literal message, here we highlight disfluency's role in guiding a listener to an alternative non‐literal message.
Augmentation Provides Nominal Genetic and Demographic Rescue for an Endangered Carnivore
Authors: Manlick Philip J. , Woodford James E. , Gilbert Jonathan H. , Eklund Daniel , Pauli Jonathan N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAugmentations are used frequently to restore populations of conservation concern. Carnivores, in particular, are often targeted for augmentations, yet quantitative assessments of these efforts are rare. In Wisconsin, USA, American martens were reintroduced and subsequently augmented, yet remain state endangered. To evaluate this restoration effort, we sampled martens before and after augmentation, used genetic mark‐recapture and parentage analyses to quantify stage‐specific vital rates for each step of the augmentation, and assessed demographic viability with and without augmentation. Surprisingly, augmentation provided minimal genetic and demographic contributions, and persistence was instead driven by intrinsic population attributes such as recruitment. Our findings question augmentation as a primary restoration strategy for carnivores, and we urge conservation practitioners to focus on identifying and enhancing limiting population processes such as immigration and juvenile survival prior to using costly and controversial measures like augmentation.
Balancing Ecosystem and Threatened Species Representation in Protected Areas and Implications for Nations Achieving Global Conservation Goals
Authors: Polak Tal , Watson James E.M. , Bennett Joseph R. , Possingham Hugh P. , Fuller Richard A. , Carwardine Josie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBalancing the representation of ecosystems and threatened species habitats is critical for optimizing protected area (PA) networks and achieving the Convention on Biological Diversity strategic goals. Here we provide a systematic approach for maximizing representativeness of ecosystems and threatened species within a constrained total PA network size, using Australia as a case study. We show that protection of 24.4% of Australia is needed to achieve 17% representation for each ecosystem and all threatened species habitat targets. When the size of the PA estate is constrained, trade‐off curves between ecosystem and species targets are J‐shaped, indicating potential “win‐win” configurations. For example, optimally increasing the current PA network to 17% could protect 9% of each ecosystem and ensure that all threatened species achieve at least 78% of their targets. This method of integrating species and ecosystem targets in PA planning allows nations to maximize different PA goals under financial and geographical constraints.
Competence, competency‐based education, and undergraduate dental education: a discussion paper
Authors: Chuenjitwongsa S. , Oliver R. G. , Bullock A. D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of undergraduate dental education is to provide competent dentists to serve societal needs and improve population oral healthcare. Competency‐based education has influenced the development of dental education for decades but this term is problematic. This article explores components of competency‐based undergraduate health professional education in order to help the dental profession have a better understanding of the context and purposes of undergraduate dental education.MethodsThis is a discussion paper based on a wide reading of the literature on the education of health professionals with a specific focus on competency‐based undergraduate education.Results and DiscussionCompetence comprises an integration of knowledge, skills and attitudes indicating a capability to perform professional tasks safely and ethically. The process of becoming a competent practitioner is complex. Four characteristics of competency‐based education are: curriculum components and content shaped by societal needs; focused on student‐centred learning; learning achievement; and limited attention to time‐based training and numerical targets. Alongside a competency‐based approach, undergraduate dental education can be influenced by institutional features and external factors but these receive little consideration in the literature.ConclusionUnderstanding competence, competency‐based education, and institutional and external factors will help to improve educational quality, define roles and professional development for the dental educator, and inform further research.
New ILAE versus previous clinical status epilepticus semiologic classification: Analysis of a hospital‐based cohort
Authors: Rossetti Andrea O. , Trinka Eugen , Stähli Christine , Novy Jan 
Published: June 2016

SummaryObjectivesIn 2015, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) issued a new status epilepticus (SE) classification, including a detailed semiologic axis. This study assesses frequencies of SE forms in a cohort of adult patients, and explores differences and practical implications as compared to a seizure‐type–bound classification.MethodsThe prospective adult SE registry of the Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) was considered over 5 years (2011–2015); each SE episode was retrospectively reclassified for its semiology according to the new ILAE scheme. Mortality rates were retrieved for each subgroup of SE.ResultsAmong 488 SE episodes, according to the seizure‐type–bound classification, 230 (47%) had a generalized convulsive, and 29 (6%) had a nonconvulsive SE in coma; both categories overlapped almost perfectly between the two classifications. However, the 84 episodes with focal SE without consciousness impairment and the 141 episodes with consciousness impairment were each translated into two major (and five sub‐) categories of the new ILAE classification, having markedly different mortality rates. In addition, of 140 episodes labeled as focal motor SE according to the new classification, 54% had concomitant consciousness impairment, whereas 46% did not; again, mortality rates were heterogeneous.SignificanceAlthough generalized convulsive and nonconvulsive SE in coma show an almost perfect correspondence across SE semiologic classifications, focal SE is markedly heterogeneous and appears to be better reflected in the new classification, offering more clinically relevant subdivisions, also differing in mortality rates. This refined knowledge may allow the development of clinical prognostic scores that are more precise than existing tools, and should be taken into account for epidemiologic studies.
Increased susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol following survival of cerebral malaria in mice
Authors: Grauncke Ana C. B. , Souza Thaíze L. , Ribeiro Leandro R. , Brant Fátima , Machado Fabiana S. , Oliveira Mauro S. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryMalaria is considered a neglected disease and public health problem, affecting >200 million people worldwide. In the present study we used the Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) model of experimental cerebral malaria (CM) in C57BL/6 mice. After rescue from CM and parasite clearance, animals were submitted to a seizure susceptibility test (45 days after infection) using a low dose of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 30 mg/kg) and monitored with use of behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) methods. Mice rescued from CM presented a reduced latency to myoclonic and tonic–clonic seizures and an increased duration of tonic–clonic seizures. In addition, quantitative analysis of EEG revealed a decrease in relative power at beta frequency band in PbA‐infected animals after PTZ injection. Our results suggest that CM may lead to increased susceptibility to seizures in mice.
Combining a chimeric antigen receptor and a conventional T‐cell receptor to generate T cells expressing two additional receptors (TETARs) for a multi‐hit immunotherapy of melanoma
Authors: Uslu Ugur , Schuler Gerold , Dörrie Jan , Schaft Niels 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe adoptive transfer of engineered T cells represents an important approach in immunotherapy of melanoma. However, relapse of the tumor can occur due to immune‐escape mechanisms developed by the tumor cells, for example antigen loss, downregulation of the major histocompatibility complex presentation machinery and defects in antigen processing. To counteract these mechanisms, we combined a T‐cell receptor and a chimeric antigen receptor, specific for different common melanoma antigens, gp100 (PMEL) and MCSP (HMW‐MAA), to generate functional CD8+ T cells expressing two additional receptors (TETARs) by electroporation of receptor‐encoding mRNA. These TETARs produced cytokines and were lytic upon recognition of each of their cognate antigens, while no reciprocal inhibition of the receptors occurred. When stimulated with target cells, which express both antigens, an enhanced effect was suggested. The confirmation that chimeric antigen receptors and T‐cell receptors can be functionally combined opens up new avenues in cancer immunotherapy, and the generation of TETARs helps by‐passing major mechanisms by which tumor cells escape immune recognition.
Effects of a novel NADPH oxidase inhibitor (S42909) on wound healing in an experimental ischemic excisional skin model
Authors: Sotomayor Sandra , Pascual Gemma , Blanc‐Guillemaud Vanessa , Mesa‐Ciller Claudia , García‐Honduvilla Natalio , Cifuentes Alberto , Buján Julia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChronic wounds are a serious healthcare problem. As non‐healing wounds involve continuous pathologic inflammatory stage, research is focused on anti‐inflammatory treatments. Our objective was to analyze the effect of S42909, a potent NADPH oxidase inhibitor activity, with vascular anti‐inflammatory properties. An ischemic rabbit ear ulcer model (24 New Zealand white rabbits) was used to evaluate the reepithelialization/contraction areas, anti‐/pro‐inflammatory cytokines mRNA (TGF‐β1/IL‐10/IFN‐γ/VEGF) by qRT‐PCR, collagen I/III deposition, and neovascularization (TGF‐β1/VEGF) by morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. Three different doses were administered by gavage for 2 weeks: 10 and 30 mg/kg/d in self‐microemulsion drug delivery system (SMEDDS) and 100 mg/kg/d in arabic gum. Each vehicle was used as control. No signs of infection or necrosis were found. Reepithelialization was almost complete whatever the groups reaching 95% at the dose of 100 mg/kg. Wound contraction was significantly reduced in all S42909‐treated groups. A significant increase in anti‐inflammatory cytokines TGF‐β1 mRNA and IL‐10 mRNA was observed at the dose of 100 and 30 mg/kg/d, respectively. No changes were observed in pro‐inflammatory factors INF‐γ and VEGF mRNA. Ischemic skin wound areas had scarce expression of collagen I/III and showed rich glycosaminoglycans content. Treatment increased the collagen deposition and TGF‐β1 protein expression and decreased glycosaminoglycan content dose dependently; however, no effect in VEGF was appreciated. Therefore, our results indicate that S42909 improved healing process by dampening excessive inflammation and facilitating collagen deposition without wound contraction phenomena. S42909 might be a promising therapy to treat chronic wounds as venous leg ulcers.
Scale dependence of temperature as an abiotic driver of species' distributions
Authors: Schweiger Andreas H. , Beierkuhnlein Carl 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAim Scale dependence of patterns and processes remains one of the major unresolved problems in ecology. The responses of ecosystems to environmental stressors are reported to be strongly scale dependent, but projections of the effects of climate change on species' distributions are still restricted to particular scales and knowledge about scale dependence is lacking. Here we propose that the scale dependence of those species' niche dimensions related to climate change is strongly related to the strength of climatic cross‐scale links. More specifically, we hypothesize that the strong cross‐scale links between micro‐ and macroclimatic conditions are related to high cross‐scale similarity (low scale dependence) of species' realized temperature niches and, thus, species' spatial distributions.Location This study covers seven orders of magnitude of spatial scale, ranging from local‐scale (below a metre) and regional‐scale (kilometre) investigations in central European wetland ecosystems to continental‐scale (thousands of kilometres) studies of species' distributions.Methods We combined data on the spatial occurrence of species (vegetation records at local and regional scales, digitized distribution maps at the continental scale) with information about the corresponding temperature regime of vascular plant species occurring in environmentally stable wetland ecosystems characterized by strong cross‐scale links between micro‐ and macroclimatic conditions.Results We observed high cross‐scale similarity of the characteristics of species temperature niches across seven orders of magnitude of spatial scale. However, the importance of temperature as an abiotic driver decreased nonlinearly with decreasing scale, suggesting greater importance of additional (biotic) drivers of species' occurrence at small spatial scales.Main conclusions We report high cross‐scale similarity of realized temperature niches for species inhabiting ecosystems where small‐scale environmental noise is low and cross‐scale links between micro‐ and macroclimatic conditions are strong. By highlighting a strong relationship between abiotic and biotic cross‐scale similarity, our results will help to improve niche‐based species distribution modelling, one of the major assessment tools for determining the ecological effects of climate change.