bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konsequenzen der Digitalisierung für strukturelle Arbeitsmarktprobleme: Chancen und Risiken
Authors: Walwei Ulrich 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In the foreseeable future, digitalization will most probably be the main driver of technological change. Implications can not only be expected as a result of smart automation but also across service industries. Digitalization will have various labour market impacts. They potentially refer to the level of employment, the composition of jobs, the demand for certain tasks and requirements of firms regarding skill levels. The main aim of the paper is to give a tentative answer to the question how far digitalization may induce either a worsening or an improvement of structural labour market problems. On the basis of conceptual considerations it deals with issues such as potential skill shortages, persistence of unemployment and the structure of employment forms. The result does not indicate that in the future such structural problems will easily be solved. Instead there is a need for reforms in areas such as education, training, labour market and social policies as well as social dialogue.
Digitalisierung und Wohnen: das vernetzte Zuhause und individualisierte Technologien als Option für das Wohnen im Alter
Authors: Heinze Rolf G. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Terms like industry 4.0 or digital health and smart homes dominate mass media as well as many scientific fields in Germany. The digital transformation captures almost any field of life and work. The article focuses on housing and health, especially independent living in old age with the aid of assistive technologies. After overviewing the general ambivalences of digitalisation, the article discusses options and implementation projects as well as future chances of governance in this field.
Targeting Extracellular Cyclophilin A Reduces Neuroinflammation and Extends Survival in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Pasetto Laura , Pozzi Silvia , Castelnovo Mariachiara , Basso Manuela , Estevez Alvaro G. , Fumagalli Stefano , De Simoni Maria Grazia , Castellaneta Valeria , Bigini Paolo , Restelli Elena , Chiesa Roberto , Trojsi Francesca , Monsurrò Maria Rosaria , Callea Leonardo , Malešević Miroslav , Fischer Gunter , Freschi Mattia , Tortarolo Massimo , Bendotti Caterina , Bonetto Valentina 
Published: December 2016

Neuroinflammation is a major hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is currently untreatable. Several anti-inflammatory compounds have been evaluated in patients and in animal models of ALS, but have been proven disappointing in part because effective targets have not yet been identified. Cyclophilin A, also known as peptidylprolyl cis-/trans-isomerase A (PPIA), as a foldase is beneficial intracellularly, but extracellularly has detrimental functions. We found that extracellular PPIA is a mediator of neuroinflammation in ALS. It is a major inducer of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and is selectively toxic for motor neurons. High levels of PPIA were found in the CSF of SOD1G93Amice and rats and sporadic ALS patients, suggesting that our findings may be relevant for familial and sporadic cases. A specific inhibitor of extracellular PPIA, MM218, given at symptom onset, rescued motor neurons and extended survival in the SOD1G93Amouse model of familial ALS by 11 d. The treatment resulted in the polarization of glia toward a prohealing phenotype associated with reduced NF-κB activation, proinflammatory markers, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and insoluble phosphorylated TDP-43. Our results indicates that extracellular PPIA is a promising druggable target for ALS and support further studies to develop a therapy to arrest or slow the progression of the disease in patients.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe provide evidence that extracellular cyclophilin A, also known as peptidylprolyl cis-/trans-isomerase A (PPIA), is a mediator of the neuroinflammatory reaction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and is toxic for motor neurons. Supporting this, a specific extracellular PPIA inhibitor reduced neuroinflammation, rescued motor neurons, and extended survival in the SOD1G93Amouse model of familial ALS. Our findings suggest selective pharmacological inhibition of extracellular PPIA as a novel therapeutic strategy, not only for SOD1-linked ALS, but possibly also for sporadic ALS. This approach aims to address the neuroinflammatory reaction that is a major hallmark of ALS. However, given the complexity of the disease, a combination of therapeutic approaches may be necessary.
5-HT2CReceptor Knockdown in the Amygdala Inhibits Neuropathic-Pain-Related Plasticity and Behaviors
Authors: Ji Guangchen , Zhang Wei , Mahimainathan Lenin , Narasimhan Madhusudhanan , Kiritoshi Takaki , Fan Xiuzhen , Wang Jigong , Green Thomas A. , Neugebauer Volker 
Published: December 2016

Neuroplasticity in the amygdala drives pain-related behaviors. The central nucleus (CeA) serves major amygdala output functions and can generate emotional-affective behaviors and modulate nocifensive responses. The CeA receives excitatory and inhibitory inputs from the basolateral nucleus (BLA) and serotonin receptor subtype 5-HT2CR in the BLA, but not CeA, has been implicated anxiogenic behaviors and anxiety disorders. Here, we tested the hypothesis that 5-HT2CR in the BLA plays a critical role in CeA plasticity and neuropathic pain behaviors in the rat spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model. Local 5-HT2CR knockdown in the BLA with stereotaxic injection of 5-HT2CR shRNA AAV vector decreased vocalizations and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and increased sensory thresholds of SNL rats, but had no effect in sham controls. Extracellular single-unit recordings of CeA neurons in anesthetized rats showed that 5-HT2CR knockdown blocked the increase in neuronal activity (increased responsiveness, irregular spike firing, and increased burst activity) in SNL rats. At the synaptic level, 5-HT2CR knockdown blocked the increase in excitatory transmission from BLA to CeA recorded in brain slices from SNL rats using whole-cell patch-clamp conditions. Inhibitory transmission was decreased by 5-HT2CR knockdown in control and SNL conditions to a similar degree. The findings can be explained by immunohistochemical data showing increased expression of 5-HT2CR in non-GABAergic BLA cells in SNL rats. The results suggest that increased 5-HT2CR in the BLA contributes to neuropathic-pain-related amygdala plasticity by driving synaptic excitation of CeA neurons. As a rescue strategy, 5-HT2CR knockdown in the BLA inhibits neuropathic-pain-related behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuroplasticity in the amygdala has emerged as an important pain mechanism. This study identifies a novel target and rescue strategy to control abnormally enhanced amygdala activity in an animal model of neuropathic pain. Specifically, an integrative approach of gene transfer, systems and brain slice electrophysiology, behavior, and immunohistochemistry was used to advance the novel concept that serotonin receptor subtype 5-HT2Ccontributes critically to the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory drive of amygdala output neurons. Local viral vector-mediated 5-HT2CR knockdown in the amygdala normalizes the imbalance, decreases neuronal activity, and inhibits neuropathic-pain-related behaviors. The study provides valuable insight into serotonin receptor (dys)function in a limbic brain area.
Neural and Behavioral Evidence for an Online Resetting Process in Visual Working Memory
Authors: Balaban Halely , Luria Roy 
Published: December 2016

Visual working memory (VWM) guides behavior by holding a set of active representations and modifying them according to changes in the environment. This updating process relies on a unique mapping between each VWM representation and an actual object in the environment. Here, we destroyed this mapping by either presenting a coherent object but then breaking it into independent parts or presenting an object but then abruptly replacing it with a different object. This allowed us to introduce the neural marker and behavioral consequence of an online resetting process in humans' VWM. Across seven experiments, we demonstrate that this resetting process involves abandoning the old VWM contents because they no longer correspond to the objects in the environment. Then, VWM encodes the novel information and reestablishes the correspondence between the new representations and the objects. The resetting process was marked by a unique neural signature: a sharp drop in the amplitude of the electrophysiological index of VWM contents (the contralateral delay activity), presumably indicating the loss of the existent object-to-representation mappings. This marker was missing when an updating process occurred. Moreover, when tracking moving items, VWM failed to detect salient changes in the object's shape when these changes occurred during the resetting process. This happened despite the object being fully visible, presumably because the mapping between the object and a VWM representation was lost. Importantly, we show that resetting, its neural marker, and the behavioral cost it entails, are specific to situations that involve a destruction of the objects-to-representations correspondence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual working memory (VWM) maintains task-relevant information in an online state. Previous studies showed that VWM representations are accessed and modified after changes in the environment. Here, we show that this updating process critically depends on an ongoing mapping between the representations and the objects in the environment. When this mapping breaks, VWM cannot access the old representations and instead resets. The novel resetting process that we introduce removes the existing representations instead of modifying them and this process is accompanied by a unique neural marker. During the resetting process, VWM was blind to salient changes in the object's shape. The resetting process highlights the flexibility of our cognitive system in handling the dynamic environment by abruptly abandoning irrelevant schemas.
Population Dynamics of Pometia for The Period of Post-Selective Logging in Tropical Rainforest, Southern Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Murdjoko Agustinus , Marsono Djoko , Sadono Ronggo , Hadisusanto Suwarno 
Published: December 2016

<p>Tropical rainforest changed in term of structure, composition and population, resulting from logging. One of target trees during logging is <em>Pometia</em>. Our goals of this research were to answer that (1) How were survival, growth, fecundity and population growth rate (λ) of <em>Pometia</em> within remnant stands?; (2) what were driving factors to explain population dynamics of <em>Pometia</em> within logged forest?. Data were derived from three hectares-permanent sample plot (PSP) in logged forest of PT Tunas Timber Lestari. Integral Projection Models (IPMs) were applied to analyze population dynamics. The study showed dynamically that probability of the individuals of <em>Pometia</em> survived in this area did not significantly differ among their size, while stands showed the significant difference between small and large individuals. The growth of both individuals of <em>Pometia</em> and stands varied significantly in different size. The probability of fecundity both <em>Pometia</em> and stands were significantly different among size. The population of <em>Pometia</em> has been increasing for about a decade as the population of all stands was growing as well. Moreover, the regular documentation of species composition and structure before and after logging is necessary as a control of biodiversity. Therefore, a proper protocol to monitor the biodiversity should be designed by government and disseminated it to logging companies. </p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Murdjoko, A., Marsono, D., Sadono, R. &amp; Hadisusanto, S. (2016). Population Dynamics of Pometia for The Period of Post-Selective Logging in Tropical Rainforest, Southern Papua, Indonesia. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</em>, 8(3), 321-330. </p>
A emergência do conceito saúde global: perspectivas para o campo da saúde coletiva
Authors: Cavalcante Sampaio João Roberto , Ventura Miriam 
Published: December 2016

Introdução: Nos últimos anos temos presenciado a emergência de novos termos no debate acadêmico e político da saúde coletiva, tais como: ‘’saúde global’’, “bens públicos globais’’, ‘’governança global em saúde’’, ‘’saúde pública global’’, ‘’diplomacia da saúde’’, ‘’cooperação internacional’’. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento histórico do conceito “saúde global” e as perspectivas desta nova concepção na pesquisa e na prática da saúde coletiva. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica nas bases BVS, Pubmed, Scielo e Scopus, identificados 514 trabalhos e selecionados 36 artigos científicos diretamente relacionados com o objeto de análise. Também foram selecionados documentos nos sites das organizações internacionais de saúde. Resultados: Observou-se que a concepção de “saúde global” refere-se à saúde como um fenômeno transnacional ligado à globalização, que traz como principal desafio pensar a saúde pública para além das relações internacionais entre países. Conclusão: As organizações internacionais de saúde ganham especial importância no desenvolvimento da concepção de “saúde global”, e suas novas perspectivas de aplicação no âmbito da saúde pública , são a diplomacia da saúde, a cooperação internacional e a governança da saúde global.
Improvement of surgical treatment of patients with critical ischemia of the lower extremities
Authors: Karimov Shavkat , Irnazarov Akmal , Asrarov Uktamkhon Askarovich , Alijanov Ulugbek , Yulbarisov Abdurasul , Djafarov Saidamir , Muminov Rustam 
Published: December 2016

Background: The choice of tactics of surgical treatment in patients with lesions of the femoral-popliteal-tibial segment with the CILE is the actual problem, which is far from being solved. Aim of the study was to found improved treatment of patients with critical ischemia of the lower extremities by improving the surgical approach.Methods: 79 patients with critical ischemia of the lower extremities with lesions of the carotid and coronary arteries were observed and surveyed. To determine the tactics of treatment of these patients, we used non-invasive methods of imaging vessels, and only with probable therapeutic purposes used the contrasting of the vessels.Results: The used treatment allowed reducing the number of complications to a minimum. Among observable patients, in one case was determined acute myocardial infarction. 19 (24%) patients with stenosis and CILE managed to achieve regress of clinical manifestations of lower limb ischemia with medical therapy. In 12 (63.1%) patients were completed the installation of long catheter for intra-arterial catheter therapy, after that we performed carotid endarterectomy. Of these, 9 (47.3%) patients at 7 days underwent reconstructive operations on arteries of the lower extremities. In 5 (26.3%) patients after carotid endarterectomy, endovascular interventions implemented at ALE.Conclusions: The suggested diagnostic low and stages of surgical interventions significantly increase the detection of associated lesions of other arterial basins and expands the indications for surgical treatment with the use of combined interventions.
Comparison of single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy with conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy using conventional laparoscopic instrument: a prospective observational study
Authors: Deolekar Samir , Thakur Bhushankumar A. , Jajoo Bhushan , Shinde Parnika R. 
Published: December 2016

Background: Laparoscopic surgery is one of the most significant surgical advances of twentieth century. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is criterion standard for the treatment of benign gall bladder diseases, and it is the most common laparoscopic surgery worldwide. The aim of the study was to compare the intra-operative and post-operative complication, conversion rate and outcome of single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy and conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy on short term follow up.Methods: This prospective analytical observational design study was carried out in Tertiary Health care centre. As per convenience sampling 60 consecutive patients of cholelithiasis. Data obtained was analyzed and inferences were drawn regarding the outcomes of the SILC in terms of cosmesis, post-operative pain and any other complications and compare the outcomes against the conventional four port laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Results: In our study we found the mean operating time for SILC was 90.5±16.37 minutes, whereas the mean operating time for CLC was 74±17.83 (p = 0.0004). Intra-operative blood loss for SILC and CLC was comparable and statistically insignificant. Pain in the SILC group was found to be significantly low than CLC group (p ≤0.0001). The median cosmetic scale score for SILC group was 20 with range 13-21 and in conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy group it was 16 with range 12-18 (p <0.0001).Conclusions: The major advantage of SILC is cosmetic satisfaction, while the disadvantages of SILS are longer operative time. There was no statistically significant difference in the intra-operative blood loss and conversion rate, and complications in both the techniques. Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) was developed with the aim of reducing the invasiveness of traditional laparoscopy.
CAPACIDADE INOVATIVA DA INDÚSTRIA DE COLETORES SOLARES: UM ESTUDO EM EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS.
Authors: Rocha Arlem Hudson , Ziviani Fabricio , Ferreira Marta Araújo Tavares , Herzog Matheus De Mendonça , Paiva Ricardo Viana Carvalho de 
Published: December 2016

<p>O presente artigo objetiva avaliar a capacidade inovativa das empresas brasileiras fabricantes de coletores solares, para a adoção de novo conhecimento tecnológico e da inovação decorrente da assimilação e transformação deste conhecimento, com vistas à fabricação de um equipamento de condicionamento de ar cuja fonte energética se origina de coletores solares de média capacidade. Trata-se de um artigo científico inédito e relevante, dada a atual conjuntura do setor energético brasileiro e da necessidade de buscar alternativas que combinem soluções de eficiência e utilização de energia oriunda de novas fontes sustentáveis de energia. O referencial teórico aferido aborda os conceitos de capacidade inovativa, bem como indicadores de inovação e formas de mensurá-las. Para apresentar e diagnosticar a capacidade inovativa dos fabricantes realiza-se uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva, foi desenvolvido e aplicado um instrumento de diagnóstico adaptado à realidade das empresas atuantes neste setor, instaladas no Brasil, contemplando 40 questionários, dos quais se obteve um percentual de 50% de respondentes. É possível concluir que a partir dos resultados apurados que as empresas brasileiras fabricantes de coletores solares, não apresentam capacidade inovativa madura e satisfatória para absorver a assimilação de um produto inovador, sendo aconselhável novas abordagens técnicas para desenvolvimento de novos estudos. Este desenvolvimento corrobora com as perspectivas de desenvolvimento de projetos de P&amp;D futuros.</p>
Atributos determinantes da compra de sapatos femininos: um estudo com mulheres universitárias
Authors: Buss Camila Fabiane , Pelissari Anderson Soncini , Mattos Aliomar Lino 
Published: December 2016

Atualmente os consumidores são postos à frente de diversos produtos e opções de escolha, quando escolhem um, excluem outros, o mercado deve, então, estar atento ao que determina à escolha de um consumidor por um produto. Conhecendo o seu consumidor é que as empresas conseguirão posicionar-se estrategicamente e obter vantagem frente a seus concorrentes. Uma das formas de conhecer o consumidor é compreender e identificar os atributos determinantes que os levam a decisão de compra. Dada a importância do tema, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo classificar os atributos de compra de sapatos femininos em determinantes, importantes e salientes de acordo com as classificações de Alpert (1971) e identificar aqueles determinantes de compra. Como percurso metodológico foi realizado uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e quantitativa, a partir de estudos sobre o tema, mediante levantamento <em>(survey)</em> junto a uma amostra aleatória simples, sendo os dados tabulados e tratados utilizando a ferramenta Excel, a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e Teste T para duas amostras presumindo variâncias diferentes. Conclui a pesquisa que os atributos determinantes do processo de decisão de compra para essas consumidoras, seguindo a classificação de Alpert (1971), são o Conforto e a Qualidade/Durabilidade, e ainda, que os atributos Preço e <em>Design</em>/Modelo apesar de não serem determinantes para a decisão de compra são importantes e podem servir, por exemplo, como fator de desempate em um processo de decisão de compra. Percebeu-se ainda que a amostra não é sensível a marca, sendo o atributo que apresentou menor consideração no processo de consumo.
Imbalance of the Humoral Component of the Immune System as a Basis for the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Obesity and Concomitant Biliary Tract Pathology
Authors: Filippova Aleksandra 
Published: December 2016

The objective of the research was to study the features of the indicators of the humoral component of the immune system depending on the body mass index in patients with non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, concomitant obesity and biliary tract pathology.Material and methods. 200 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, concomitant obesity and biliary tract pathology including 100 patients with non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis and 100 with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis were examined. 70 out of 100 patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis had the minimum level of alanine transaminase activity and 30 patients had a moderate alanine transaminase activity. The control group included 30 apparently healthy persons. The body mass index was determined using the Quetelet formula. All the patients with non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis were divided into three groups depending on the increase in the body mass index and the presence of biliary tract pathology. The humoral immune system state was evaluated by the levels of immunoglobulins A, M and G and the content of circulating immune complexes. Results. In patients with non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, concomitant obesity and biliary tract pathology, there were observed abnormalities in the humoral component of the immune system with possible increase in the levels of major immunoglobulin classes as well as in the content of circulating immune complexes being more pronounced in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis compared to patients with non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis (p<0.05) and apparently healthy persons (p<0.001). The increase in the body mass index led to a significant increase in the levels of Ig A, M, G and the activation of circulating immune complexes.More significant changes in humoral indices were observed in patients with chronic non-calculous and calculous cholecystitis in the presence of inflammatory biliary tract changes during the exacerbation of the pathology compared to patients who underwent cholecystectomy on the background of the aggravation of postcholecystectomy syndrome.Conclusions. The obtained data indicated that one of the elements in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with concomitant obesity and biliary tract pathology is a significant change in the indicators of humoral immunity, namely the increase in the levels of Ig (A, M, G) and circulating immune complexes which depend on the clinical form (non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), increase in the body mass index and the presence of biliary tract comorbidity.