bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnaporthe oryzae aminosugar metabolism is essential for successful host colonization
Authors: Kumar Anil , Ghosh Sumit , Bhatt Dharmendra Nath , Narula Alka , Datta Asis 
Published: January 2016

SummaryPathogens encounter and metabolize a range of host‐derived metabolites while proliferating inside the host. Our understanding of these metabolites and their metabolic processes has remained largely incomplete. We investigated the role of the Magnaporthe oryzae N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) catabolic pathway during rice infection. The catabolic pathway is composed of a GlcNAc transporter (MoNgt1), hexokinase(s), a GlcNAc‐6‐phosphate deacetylase (MoDac) and a GlcN‐6‐phosphate deaminase (MoDeam). A detailed characterization of the Δmongt1, Δmodac and Δmodeam null mutants revealed that a defect in GlcNAc catabolism impairs the pathogenicity of M. oryzae. These mutants showed severely reduced virulence in susceptible rice cultivar due to their inability to neutralize host‐derived reactive oxygen species and their failure to develop invasive hyphal growth within the host tissue. Interestingly, during oxidative stress, M. oryzae proliferated efficiently in GlcNAc‐containing media compared with other sugars, and the expression of fungal antioxidant genes was upregulated following GlcNAc treatment. However, GlcNAc inhibited the growth of the Δmodac and Δmodeam mutants, and this growth inhibition was enhanced during oxidative stress. These results suggest that GlcNAc helps fungus to overcome oxidative stress inside its host, perhaps by activating an antioxidant defence. In the absence of a functional catabolic pathway, GlcNAc becomes toxic to the cells.
Chytrids dominate arctic marine fungal communities
Authors: Hassett B. T. , Gradinger R. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryClimate change is altering Arctic ecosystem structure by changing weather patterns and reducing sea ice coverage. These changes are increasing light penetration into the Arctic Ocean that are forecasted to increase primary production; however, increased light can also induce photoinhibition and cause physiological stress in algae and phytoplankton that can favour disease development. Fungi are voracious parasites in many ecosystems that can modulate the flow of carbon through food webs, yet are poorly characterized in the marine environment. We provide the first data from any marine ecosystem in which fungi in the Chytridiomycota dominate fungal communities and are linked in their occurrence to light intensities and algal stress. Increased light penetration stresses ice algae and elevates disease incidence under reduced snow cover. Our results show that chytrids dominate Arctic marine fungal communities and have the potential to rapidly change primary production patterns with increased light penetration.
Real Estate Fund Openings and Cannibalization
Authors: Downs David H. , Sebastian Steffen P. , Woltering René‐Ojas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article examines the trade‐offs in launching new real estate funds, specifically open‐end, direct‐property funds. This investment vehicle, which is designed to provide the risk‐return benefits of private market real estate, is available to retail investors in a number of countries. At the same time, these funds are also subject to liquidity risk, because they hold an inherently illiquid asset in an open‐end structure. This format presents fund‐family managers with unique challenges, particularly with the decision to open new funds. The data consist of 2,127 German fund openings across 76 fund families in 12 asset classes over the 1992–2010 period. Including a wide range of asset classes allows for a comparison between real estate and other investment objectives. We find a substantial cannibalization effect across the existing real estate funds of a family, while we note the opposite effect—i.e., flows into existing funds increase following a fund opening within the same objective—for all other asset classes. Our analysis of fund opening determinants shows that inflows mitigate the cannibalization risk for new real estate funds. Additional evidence highlights the role of scale and scope economies in real estate fund openings. Overall, the results provide new insights into the relatively large size and small number of real estate funds when compared to mutual funds dedicated to other investment objectives.
Aeration and Foam Control in Baker's Yeast Production: Mapping Patents
Authors: Gélinas Pierre 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA key ingredient in the baking industry, baker's yeast must be produced under strict controlled conditions. High yields of baker's yeast cannot be attained unless a huge quantity of air is injected into fermentation vats. This review of 245 patent specifications shows that inventors have paid much attention to the distribution of fine air bubbles in order to optimize oxygen transfer to the yeast cells. Technical solutions to reduce energy costs associated with aeration are also proposed. Intense aeration caused foaming problems, so mechanical destruction of foam was first proposed until inventions on specific chemical antifoams were patented. In recent years, the development of cheaper and more efficient foam control techniques has remained an issue. Aeration during yeast growth in tanks impairs its fermentative activity in anaerobic bread dough. Since the beginning of the 20th century, massive adoption of air‐grown fed‐batch baker's yeast probably encouraged sugar addition to stimulate yeast gassing activity in pan bread characterized by high loaf volume, especially those prepared under short dough fermentation conditions.
The Pleiotropic Effect of Glycodelin‐A in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Lee Cheuk‐Lun , Lam Kevin K. W. , Vijayan Madhavi , Koistinen Hannu , Seppala Markku , Ng Ernest H. Y. , Yeung William S. B. , Chiu Philip C. N. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSuccessful pregnancy depends largely on adequate placentation and maternal tolerance of the fetus. Glycodelin‐A is a glycoprotein abundant in the decidua during early pregnancy. It plays an important role in placental development and fetomaternal defense. Glycodelin‐A interacts by its unique carbohydrate side chains with the cell surface of various cell types in the human fetomaternal interface, particularly the trophoblasts and the immune cells, and modulates their functions and differentiation to permit successful pregnancy. Abnormal levels of glycodelin‐A in the endometrium, uterine flushings, and/or maternal serum correlate with unexplained infertility, early pregnancy loss, and recurrent miscarriage. This review integrates recent studies on the role of glycodelin‐A in placental development and fetomaternal tolerance in early pregnancy.
The finer points of writing and refereeing scientific articles
Authors: Bain Barbara J. , Littlewood Tim J. , Szydlo Richard M. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWriting scientific papers is a skill required by all haematologists. Many also need to be able to referee papers submitted to journals. These skills are not often formally taught and as a result may not be done well. We have reviewed published evidence of errors in these processes. Such errors may be ethical, scientific or linguistic, or may result from a lack of understanding of the processes. The objective of the review is, by highlighting errors, to help writers and referees to avoid them.
Eact, a small molecule activator of TMEM16A, activates TRPV1 and elicits pain‐ and itch‐related behaviours
Authors: Liu Shenbin , Feng Jing , Luo Jialie , Yang Pu , Brett Thomas J , Hu Hongzhen 
Published: January 2016

Background and PurposeTMEM16A, also known as anoctamin 1 channel, is a member of the Ca2+‐activated chloride channels family and serves as a heat sensor in the primary nociceptors. Eact is a recently discovered small molecule activator of the TMEM16A channel. Here, we asked if Eact produces pain‐ and itch‐related responses in vivo and investigated the cellular and molecular basis of Eact‐elicited responses in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons.Experimental ApproachWe employed behavioural testing combined with pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation approaches to identify transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) as the prominent mediator for Eact‐evoked itch‐ or pain‐related responses. We investigated the effects of Eact on TRPV1 and TMEM16A channels expressed in HEK293T cells and in DRG neurons isolated from wild type and Trpv1−/− mice using Ca2+ imaging and patch‐clamp recordings. We also used site‐directed mutagenesis to determine the molecular basis of Eact activation of TRPV1.Key ResultsAdministration of Eact elicited both itch‐ and pain‐related behaviours. Unexpectedly, the Eact‐elicited behavioural responses were dependent on the function of TRPV1, as shown by pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation studies. Eact activated membrane currents and increased intracellular free Ca2+ in both TRPV1‐expressing HEK293T cells and isolated DRG neurons in a TRPV1‐dependent manner. Eact activation of the TRPV1 channel was severely attenuated by mutations disrupting the capsaicin‐binding sites.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results suggest that Eact activates primary sensory nociceptors and produces both pain and itch responses mainly through direct activation of TRPV1 channels.
A simplified stress analysis of rising salt domes
Authors: Heidari Mahdi , Nikolinakou Maria A. , Flemings Peter B. , Hudec Michael R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe use a simple analytical model to estimate the stress field in density‐driven, rising salt domes and adjacent sediments, and to describe the evolution of these domes. We show that the pressure exerted by the salt pushing out against its wall rocks (the salt pressure) decreases linearly up the flank of the dome, but is always greater than the overburden stress. In fact, the salt pressure normal to the dome boundary is everywhere the maximum principal stress, whereas the hoop stress parallel to the circumference of the dome is the minimum stress. In addition, we quantitatively describe the critical stages of salt dome evolution (initiation, upbuilding, and downbuilding), relating these stages to sedimentation rate and basin thickness. This analysis also shows that even the highest sedimentation rates are unlikely to accumulate enough sediments to bury downbuilding domes as long as the salt supply is unrestricted. Despite the simplicity of the model, its predictions are in good agreement with field observations near salt domes. Overall, our analytical model can provide critical insight into the stress field perturbation in and near rising salt domes and can be used to assess the accuracy of numerical models and field measurements near these domes.
Child and youth experiences and perspectives of cerebral palsy: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Lindsay S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundCerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common causes of physical disability in childhood, and many children with CP access rehabilitation services throughout their lives. The aim of this qualitative systematic review was to synthesize the experiences and perspectives of youth living with CP to inform the development of rehabilitation and social programmes.MethodsA thematic qualitative synthesis integrating qualitative evidence was undertaken where six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Healthstar, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Proquest and PsychInfo) were searched from 1980 to September 2014.ResultsThirty‐three articles involving 390 youth, aged from 2 to 25 years, across six countries were included. Themes were classified according to the International Classification of Functioning Child and Youth Version framework. Youth's accounts focused on social inclusion and the physical environment (i.e. services and supports, transportation, accessibility, accommodations, safety and weather), the role of family and peers and participation (i.e. leisure and recreation, school and civic engagement). Youth described how body structure and function (i.e. pain and physical functioning, mental health, fatigue and unpredictability of body function) affected them – often disrupting their biographies. Some youth described personal factors such as independence, coping and body image that affected their ability to cope with their condition. There was much less focus on youth's experiences of mobility, activities of daily living and assistive devices.ConclusionsYouth with CP experience pain, fatigue and impairments to body function, along with social exclusion, which can affect their biographies. However, youth had strategies to revise their biographies to maintain personal and social normalcy.
Effect of trabeculectomy on the accuracy of intraocular lens calculations in patients with open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Bae Hyoung Won , Lee Yun Ha , Kim Do Wook , Lee Taekjune , Hong Samin , Seong Gong Je , Kim Chan Yun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the study is to examine the effect of trabeculectomy on intraocular lens power calculations in patients with open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) undergoing cataract surgery.DesignThe design is retrospective data analysis.ParticipantsThere are a total of 55 eyes of 55 patients with OAG who had a cataract surgery alone or in combination with trabeculectomy.MethodsWe classified OAG subjects into the following groups based on surgical history: only cataract surgery (OC group), cataract surgery after prior trabeculectomy (CAT group), and cataract surgery performed in combination with trabeculectomy (CCT group).Main Outcome MeasuresDifferences between actual and predicted postoperative refractive error.ResultsMean error (ME, difference between postoperative and predicted SE) in the CCT group was significantly lower (towards myopia) than that of the OC group (P = 0.008). Additionally, mean absolute error (MAE, absolute value of ME) in the CAT group was significantly greater than in the OC group (P = 0.006). Using linear mixed models, the ME calculated with the SRK II formula was more accurate than the ME predicted by the SRK T formula in the CAT (P = 0.032) and CCT (P = 0.035) groups.ConclusionsThe intraocular lens power prediction accuracy was lower in the CAT and CCT groups than in the OC group. The prediction error was greater in the CAT group than in the OC group, and the direction of the prediction error tended to be towards myopia in the CCT group. The SRK II formula may be more accurate in predicting residual refractive error in the CAT and CCT groups.
Foster parent training programmes for foster youth: a content review
Authors: Benesh Andrew S. , Cui Ming 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFoster parent training is a well‐recognized component of providing quality care in child welfare. Well‐trained foster parents can improve placement stability, reduce behavioural problems and encourage successful reunification or adoption. A review of the foster parent training programmes can provide a better understanding of the current state of foster parenting training and inform future practice and policy‐making. This review examined published and unpublished research on foster parent training conducted from 1970 to 2014 and provided an overview of the structure and content of 22 foster parent training programmes. Common patterns in the content and structure of foster parent training programmes are identified and discussed, highlighting trends towards multi‐session in‐service training with eclectic content. The development of new training programmes with strong theoretical grounding that train foster parents on specific behavioural skills is recommended.
Long‐term outcomes of osteotome sinus floor elevation without bone grafts: a clinical retrospective study of 4–9 years
Authors: Si Mi‐si , Shou Yi‐wen , Shi Yi‐tian , Yang Guo‐li , Wang Hui‐ming , He Fu‐ming 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term clinical and radiographic outcomes of dental implant placed using osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) without bone grafts, and to analyze the potential influence factors of implant survival and endo‐sinus bone remodeling.Material and MethodsA retrospective study design was adopted. The clinical and radiographic data of 96 implants in 80 patients were collected after 4–9 (mean 5.40) years follow‐up. Implant failures, peri‐implant marginal bone loss (MBL), and endo‐sinus bone remodeling on the radiographs were evaluated. A life‐table analysis was used to assess the implant survival. Statistical models were established to investigate the potential influence factors of implant survival and endo‐sinus bone gain (ESBG).ResultsIn total, nine implants in seven patients failed, giving the 9‐year cumulative survival rates of 90.6% and 91.3% for implant‐based analysis and patient‐based analysis, respectively. The mean MBL between implant installation and the 4‐ and 9‐year follow‐up visit was 0.46 ± 0.88 and 0.50 ± 1.69 mm, respectively. The average ESBG on radiographs was 2.95 ± 1.25 and 2.16 ± 1.13 mm at the 4‐ and 9‐year follow‐up. The final ESBG was found to be positively correlated to implant protrusion length after surgery without any other factors related. The implant survival rate was significantly lower in severe atrophic site (residual bone height <5 mm).ConclusionOsteotome sinus floor elevation without bone grafts is a predictable treatment modality in the long run. But it should be used with caution when the initial bone height of the edentulous site is lower than 5 mm. The final endo‐sinus bone height was found to be positively correlated to implant protrusion length measured on radiographs immediately after implant installation.
Effects of a collagen membrane positioned between augmentation material and the sinus mucosa in the elevation of the maxillary sinus floor. An experimental study in sheep
Authors: Scala Alessandro , Lang Niklaus P. , Velez Joaquin Urbizo , Favero Riccardo , Bengazi Franco , Botticelli Daniele 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the influence of a collagen membrane placed subjacent to a pristine sinus mucosa on the healing outcome of a sinus floor elevation procedure.Materials and MethodsEight Pelibuey sheep (Cubano rojo) underwent sinus floor elevation on both sides of the maxilla. At a randomly selected side (test), a collagen membrane was placed subjacent to the sinus mucosa, while the contralateral side (control) was left without the placement of a membrane. Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) was used to fill the space created. A collagen membrane was placed bilaterally to cover the access osteotomy. After 4 months, biopsies were harvested and ground sections prepared. Morphometric analysis was performed in four different regions, three within the elevated area and one at the site of the osteotomy.ResultsThe total percentages of mineralized new bone within the elevated area were 29.4 ± 16.2% and 30.9 ± 9.2% and of marrow spaces 44.0 ± 23.0% and 45.6 ± 14.1%, at the Non‐membrane and at the Membrane sites, respectively. A low content of connective tissue within the elevated area was noticed. A higher content of connective tissue was found in the osteotomy region, however. Remnants of DBBM granules were found at a percentage of 17–19%. No statistically significant differences were observed between test and control sites.ConclusionThe application of a collagen membrane subjacent to the Schneiderian mucosa in a sinus floor elevation procedure did not influence the healing outcomes at all.
Risk indicators for Peri‐implantitis. A cross‐sectional study with 916 implants
Authors: Dalago Haline Renata , Schuldt Filho Guenther , Rodrigues Mônica Abreu Pessoa , Renvert Stefan , Bianchini Marco Aurélio 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify systemic and local risk indicators associated with peri‐implantitis.Material and methodsOne hundred eighty‐three patients treated with 916 osseointegrated titanium implants, in function for at least 1 year, were included in the present study. The implants were installed at the Foundation for Scientific and Technological Development of Dentistry (FUNDECTO) ‐ University of Sao Paulo (USP) ‐ from 1998 to 2012. Factors related to patient's systemic conditions (heart disorders, hypertension, smoking habits, alcoholism, liver disorders, hepatitis, gastrointestinal disease, diabetes mellitus I and II, hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, menopause, osteoporosis, active periodontal disease, history of periodontal disease and bruxism), implant's characteristics (location, diameter, length, connection, shape, and antagonist), and clinical parameters (wear facets, periodontal status on the adjacent tooth, plaque accumulation on the adjacent tooth, modified plaque index, sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, bleeding on probing, width of keratinized tissue and marginal recession).ResultsAn increased risk of 2.2 times for history of periodontal disease (PD), 3.6 times for cemented restorations compared to screw‐retained prostheses, 2.4 times when wear facets were displayed on the prosthetic crown and 16.1 times for total rehabilitations when compared to single rehabilitations were found. Logistic regression analysis did not show any association between the implant's characteristics and peri‐implantitis.ConclusionsA history of periodontal disease, cemented prostheses, presences of wear facets on the prosthetic crown and full mouth rehabilitations were identified as risk indicators for peri‐implantitis. Implants’ characteristics were not related to the presence of peri‐implantitis.
Role of genomics and transcriptomics in selection of reintroduction source populations
Authors: He Xiaoping , Johansson Mattias L. , Heath Daniel D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe use and importance of reintroduction as a conservation tool to return a species to its historical range from which it has been extirpated will increase as climate change and human development accelerate habitat loss and population extinctions. Although the number of reintroduction attempts has increased rapidly over the past 2 decades, the success rate is generally low. As a result of population differences in fitness‐related traits and divergent responses to environmental stresses, population performance upon reintroduction is highly variable, and it is generally agreed that selecting an appropriate source population is a critical component of a successful reintroduction. Conservation genomics is an emerging field that addresses long‐standing challenges in conservation, and the potential for using novel molecular genetic approaches to inform and improve conservation efforts is high. Because the successful establishment and persistence of reintroduced populations is highly dependent on the functional genetic variation and environmental stress tolerance of the source population, we propose the application of conservation genomics and transcriptomics to guide reintroduction practices. Specifically, we propose using genome‐wide functional loci to estimate genetic variation of source populations. This estimate can then be used to predict the potential for adaptation. We also propose using transcriptional profiling to measure the expression response of fitness‐related genes to environmental stresses as a proxy for acclimation (tolerance) capacity. Appropriate application of conservation genomics and transcriptomics has the potential to dramatically enhance reintroduction success in a time of rapidly declining biodiversity and accelerating environmental change.