bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of the Phytochemicals, Minerals, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Rauvolfia vomtoria Leafs
Authors: Onobrudu Divine A. , Nzebude Chiamaka P. , Orororo Osuvwe C. 
Published: September 2024

In this study, the phytochemicals, B vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Rauvolfia vomtoria leaves were determined and compared. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis, mineral and B vitamin composition, in vitro antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial properties of both extracts were determined using standard protocols. Precise analysis of R. vomtoria revealed that the moisture content of the leaves was 8.90%, ash content was 7.70% and crude fiber content was 20.00%. The carbohydrate content of the leaves was 41%, crude protein content was 17. 00% and total fat content was 5.28%. Cardiac glycosides, tannins, phenols, saponins, phytates, steroids, terpenoids and alkaloids were detected in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts. However, significantly higher concentrations of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and phytates were detected in the ethanolic extract compared to the aqueous extract. There was no significant difference in the amount of phenols and terpenoids in the two extracts (p>0.05). The thiamine content in the aqueous extract was 0.20 whereas that in the ethanolic extract was 0.27. The riboflavin content was higher in the ethanolic extract (1.80) than in the aqueous extract (1.40). Similarly, the niacin content of the ethanolic extract was 0.81 whereas that of the aqueous extract was 0.81. There was no significant difference in the calcium, magnesium and phosphorus values recorded for the two extracts (p>0.05). In contrast, there was a significant difference in the sodium, potassium, zinc, iron and copper contents of the two extracts with the aqueous extract containing higher amounts of potassium and zinc. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts had zones of inhibition against Enterobacter faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Cetrobacter freundii and Shigella flexlerii. However, the zone of inhibition of the ethanolic extract against the tested organisms was higher than that of the aqueous extract. At a concentration of 10%, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed 87.29% and 92.03% DPPH scavenging activity, respectively. The percentage of inhibitory activity of the extracts against DPPH radical increased in a dose-dependent manner, with the ethanolic extract showing the highest DPPH radical inhibitory activity at a concentration of 50%. The results confirm that ethanol is a suitable solvent for the extraction of biologically active molecules from R.vomtoria leaves.
Buddhist Sutras and Enlightenment in Contemporary Zen
Authors: Fittipaldi Silvio E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhat is an authentic Zen attitude toward the Buddhist sutras? Popular misunderstandings of Zen perceive that Zen denies any value to the written word. Grounding itself on a lengthy discussion of the fundamental human problem (dualistic perception) and its resolution (satori) in Zen, this article argues that understanding the Buddhist sutras as merely useless or as instruments in the attainment of satori involves an inauthentic Zen attitude toward those sutras. The Buddhist sutras are, however, a nondualistically dual “Self-Expression of the Buddha-Nature.” This approach is in accord with the Middle Way of the Buddha and an authentic Zen attitude toward the Buddhist sutras.
Seed germination of Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) as related to its anatomy and dormancy alleviation
Authors: Pereira Marcio P. , Corrêa Felipe F. , Polo Marcelo , de Castro Evaristo M. , Cardoso Amanda Á. , Pereira Fabricio J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe seeds of Schinus molle are referred to as displaying physical dormancy because of their water-impermeable endocarp. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the germination of S. molle seeds as related to environmental conditions, scarification, storage time and seed anatomy. Various experiments were conducted to test the alleviation of dormancy in newly collected and stored seeds. Acid-scarified seeds incubated under continuous light at 25°C showed greatest vigour and germination. The separation of seeds by specific gravity revealed a higher germination percentage for those seeds that sank. In addition, dry storage alleviated dormancy with a remarkable increase in the various germination parameters. Overall, germination traits decreased after prolonged storage, but even after 12 months the means for germination parameters for stored seeds were still higher than those of newly collected ones. S. molle seeds remain attached to parts of the fruit mesocarp and endocarp. The mesocarp contains several layers of parenchyma showing secretory cavities. The endocarp consists of three layers of sclereids surrounding the embryo. Acid scarification strongly changed the structure of the external layers in the mesocarp, digesting parenchyma cells and removing the contents from both parenchyma cells and the secretory cavities; this improved water uptake during imbibition, which occurred only at the carpellary hilar slit. In conclusion, S. molle seeds are positively photoblastic and show physiological dormancy which can be alleviated by acid scarification and dry storage. Seeds can be stored for over 12 months without significant losses in germination parameters compared to newly collected seeds.
Erfassung von Patientenübergriffen 2008–2015 in zwei psychiatrischen Kliniken: Ergebnisse und Implikationen
Authors: Müller Matthias , Olschinski Christiane , Jochim Dorothee , Feldhordt Michaela 
Published: July 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie: Analyse der Häufigkeit aggressiver Übergriffe von Patienten im Zeitverlauf.
Methodik: Gewaltereignisse wurden an zwei Kliniken für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie 2008 – 2015 erhoben und analysiert.
Ergebnisse: Die Häufigkeit von Gewaltereignissen gegen Personen nahm von 2008 – 2015 auf insgesamt niedrigem Niveau (bezogen auf die Fallzahl < 4 ‰) signifikant zu.
Schlussfolgerung: Übergriffe auf Personen mit steigender Tendenz und dabei nahezu ausschließlich auf Pflegepersonen geben Anlass zur kontinuierlichen Verbesserung von Prävention und Therapie aggressiver Verhaltensweisen.
Psychiatrische Zwangsmaßnahmen: Prävention und Präferenzen aus Patientenperspektive
Authors: Mielau Juliane , Altunbay Jasmin , Heinz Andreas , Reuter Benedikt , Bermpohl Felix , Rentzsch Johannes , Lehmann Anja , Montag Christiane 
Published: July 2016

Zusammenfassung
Anliegen Präventionsstrategien und Präferenzen von Zwangsmaßnahmen (ZM) wurden aus der Sicht von psychiatrischen Patienten erfasst.
Methode Teilstrukturierte Interviews mit 90 überwiegend zwangserfahrenen Patienten mit psychotischen Erkrankungen.
Ergebnis und Diskussion Aus Patientensicht könnten ZM durch ein größeres Angebot an Einzeltherapien, Verbesserungen der Personalschlüssel, Ausbildung und Kommunikation sowie räumliche Rückzugsmöglichkeiten reduziert werden. Die Mehrheit der Befragten präferierte eine – im Falle der Selbstgefährdung durch Festhalten, bei Fremdgefährdung durch Fixierung ermöglichte – Zwangsmedikation gegenüber anderen Sicherungsmaßnahmen.
Engaging South Australian local governments in the development of healthy eating policies
Authors: Matwiejczyk Louisa , Mehta Kaye , Scott Jane 
Published: July 2016

Issue addressedLocal governments are uniquely placed to influence the food environment of their communities through healthy eating policies (HEPs) but very few have done so.MethodsUsing a community‐based participatory approach, Healthy Eating Local Policies and Programs built the capacity of South Australian local governments to develop and implement a HEP by leading the development of a HEP framework then mentoring local governments to develop their own local policy tailored to their community.ResultsOver a 2‐year period, 31 of the 68 local governments worked towards developing a HEP, with 14 receiving endorsement by December 2013.ConclusionsLocal governments are ready to model healthy eating practices and adopt healthy eating policy that supports the health of their communities. A HEP developed using a participatory approach and with the flexibility to be tailored to local preferences and demographics appears feasible, although the process may be lengthy. This process and outcome appears applicable and transferable to other local governments.So what?As local governments take up their responsibilities in promoting health and wellbeing, HEPs provide important structural mechanisms to enable councils to facilitate healthy eating in their local communities.
Swedish sustainability through a Zhang and London lens
Authors: Lindbergh Lars , Jacobsson Mattias , Wilson Timothy L. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe how sustainable development has been initiated in a country (Sweden) in which sustainable development has priority and has produced observable results – essentially, the definition and reshaping of contents (p. 107) referred to in the Zhang and London (ZL) paper, therefore adding some validity to the model.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is both exploratory and qualitative in nature and uses an in-depth case study approach to the Swedish international economy as might be reflected by ZL’s modified Porter model. Information drawn from current secondary sources is complemented by personal contemporaneous observations of individuals in the country of interest.

Findings
The task of implementing Sweden’s strategy for sustainable development is holistic, and the State has played a major role in its development. That is, sustainability is the responsibility of the Government Offices as a whole, which produces proactive programs in each of the interactions analyzed in the ZL modified model. As an aside, the country has sustained a high level of competitiveness while producing a pleasant environment in which to live.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations in the study follow the same criticisms made of Porter’ seminal treatment – (still) lack of a formal model construction (although ZL make a meaningful contribution), (still) lack of clear definitions (although ZL make a meaningful contribution), problematic research methodology (although an attempt has been made at improvement) and lack of empirical testing among others (and it is thought that this paper is a step in the right direction).

Practical implications
Insofar as Sweden might be a model for other countries interested in extending their efforts in sustainable development, observations here provide some insights into possible approaches and results.

Originality/value
The approach basically followed Siggelkow’s (2007) definition of the use of cases as illustrations, which is useful when the underlying development depends upon constructs. It follows that the association of real-world observations with theory well serves the underlying foundation and cannot help but build credibility of those concepts and theory.
Anti-money laundering law: a new legal regime to combat financial crime in Malaysia?
Authors: Rahman Aspalella A. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
Before the enactment of the Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorism Financing Act 2001 (AMLATFA), the fight against financial crime can be found in several statutes such as the Penal Code, Anti-Corruption Act 1997 and Companies Act 1965. It is generally accepted that by freezing and forfeiting the proceeds of the crime, it would give significant impact on the fight against financial crime. However, under these legislations, there were few shortcomings of the procedures on how the proceeds of the crime could be seized and forfeited. As such, the enactment of the AMLATFA is considered timely to overcome these problems. This paper aims to examine how the AMLATFA could be utilized to combat financial crime in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper mainly relies on statutes as its primary sources of information. As such, the relevant provisions under the Malaysian anti-money laundering laws that relate to measures for freezing, seizure and forfeiture of proceeds of the crime will be identified and analyzed.

Findings
The AMLATFA provides innovative tools for the law enforcement officials to follow the money trail, which will eventually lead to those who committed the financial crime. It also provides authorities with more powerful seizure and forfeiture measures. This is seen as a new law enforcement strategy to combat financial crime. It is believed that this approach is more effective than the traditional approach, which only punished the individual criminal but failed to diminish the criminal operations. However, it is vitally important to ensure that the effectiveness of the regime must not jeopardize the innocent third parties who could lose their money or any other proprietary interest due to the invocation of the forfeiture order.

Originality/value
This paper analyzes the new legal regime under the Malaysian anti-money laundering law that can be invoked to combat financial crimes activities. This paper would provide some guidelines into this particular area for legal enforcement authorities, academics, legal practitioners and policy makers, not only in Malaysia but also elsewhere.
The efficacy of the theory of planned behavior for predicting intentions to choose a travel destination: a review
Authors: Yuzhanin Sergey , Fisher David 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) considers the interrelationship between such concepts as beliefs, attitudes, norms, intentions and behaviour (Ajzen, 1991; Ajzen and Fishbein, 1975). Based on a review of academic sources, this paper aims to analyse the efficacy of the TPB for predicting people’s intentions when choosing a travel destination.

Design/methodology/approach
Surprisingly, only 15 studies were identified that used TPB to predict the choice of travel destination, though the theory has been used in other areas of tourism analysis.

Findings
Mixed results were found in the studies. Therefore, the adequacy of the TPB for predicting travellers’ intentions of choosing a destination may be questioned. However, there is nothing in the TPB suggesting that all the constructs of the model must contribute equally, significantly and simultaneously to behavioural intentions.

Originality/value
To achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the intentions in question, the TPB model may have to be extended to suit different settings. The decision-making process of choosing a destination is a complicated one; therefore, researchers’ attention should not only consider travellers’ intentions but also the direct effect of intentions on the actual behaviour.
Discrete Truncated Power‐Law Distributions
Authors: Zhu Hong , Xie Yingchao , Xu Maochao 
Published: July 2016

SummaryDiscrete power‐law distributions have significant consequences for understanding many phenomena in practice, and have attracted much attention in recent decades. However, in many practical applications, there exists a natural upper bound for the probability tail. In this paper, we develop maximum likelihood estimates for truncated discrete power‐law distributions based on the upper order statistics, and large sample properties are mentioned as well. Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to examine the finite sample performance of the estimates. Applications in real cyber attack data and peak gamma‐ray intensity of solar flares are highlighted.
The mobilisation of identities: a study on the relationship between elite rhetoric and public opinion on national identity in developed democracies
Authors: Helbling Marc , Reeskens Tim , Wright Matthew 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOver the last decade, the topic of national‐identity has gained considerable importance after various heads of states have made it an important political issue in the context of ongoing globalisation and European integration processes. There is also a large, mainly historical literature that has emphasised the role of the political elite in the formation of national‐identities. While this argument is widely discussed in both public and academic debates, there is, surprisingly, hardly any empirical research on this issue. We do not know whether elite positions resonate with how the masses think about these issues. We therefore set out to test this relationship by combining the 2003 wave of the International Social Survey Programme and content analysis of elite mobilisation rhetoric from the Comparative Manifesto Project. Results indicate that an overlap exists between politicians' articulation of exclusive notions about the contours of national‐identity and heightened expressions of civic and ethnic national‐identity within public opinion. By contrast, elite mobilisation along more inclusive lines appears ineffective. From this, it appears that exclusionary arguments play a more important role, at least in terms of attitudes about national‐identity, than inclusionary ones.
Congenital lateral abdominal wall hernia
Authors: Montes‐Tapia Fernando , Cura‐Esquivel Idalia , Gutiérrez Susana , Rodríguez‐Balderrama Isaías , de la O‐Cavazos Manuel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCongenital abdominal wall defects that are located outside of the anterior wall are extremely rare and difficult to classify because there are no well accepted guidelines. There are two regions outside of the anterior wall: the flank or lateral wall; and the lumbar region. We report the case of a patient with an oval 3 cm‐diameter hernia defect located above the anterior axillary line, which affects all layers of the muscular wall. An anorectal malformation consisting of a recto‐vestibular fistula was also identified, and chest X‐ray showed dextrocardia. The suggested treatment is repair of the defect before 1 year of age. Given that the anomalies described may accompany lateral abdominal wall hernia, it is important to diagnose and treat the associated defects.
Revisiting the Relationship between Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution: Reply
Authors: Dahlberg Matz , Edmark Karin , Berg Heléne 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHere, we respond to the comments raised by Nekby and Pettersson‐Lidbom on our paper Dahlberg et al. (2012, Journal of Political Economy 120, 41–76). We argue that our estimates are internally valid, but we acknowledge that the external validity could have been discussed more thoroughly.
Fear‐Driven Donations: Campaign Contributions as Mechanisms for Entrenching White Supremacy*
Authors: Krell Matthew Reid 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThis article seeks to test group threat theory by interacting it with two other literatures: the campaign contribution literature and the racial order literature.MethodIt tests this interaction by measuring the effect of neighborhood racial composition on campaign contributions, controlling for mean adjusted gross income.ResultsIt finds that white population is negatively correlated with campaign contributions, drowning out any income effect, and using a measure of “diversity” that includes black population reverses the direction of the relationship. Thus, increasing white homogeneity appears to increase majority complacence, while increasing racial diversity leads to campaign contributions as a threat response. Contributions. (1) This study offers indirect support to group threat theory and (2) it demonstrates that campaign contributions can be a threat response.
The Mechanical Energy Budget of a Regional Ocean Model
Authors: MacCready Parker , Giddings Sarah N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA method is presented for calculating a complete, numerically closed, mechanical energy budget in a realistic simulation of circulation in a coastal–estuarine domain. The budget is formulated in terms of the “local” available potential energy (APE; Holliday and McIntyre 1981). The APE may be split up into two parts based on whether a water parcel has been displaced up or down relative to its rest depth. This decomposition clearly shows the different APE signatures of coastal upwelling (particles displaced up by wind) and the estuary (particles displaced down by mixing). Because the definition of APE is local in almost the same sense that kinetic energy is, this study may form meaningful integrals of reservoir and budget terms even over regions that have open boundaries. However, the choice of volume to use for calculation of the rest state is not unique and may influence the results. Complete volume-integrated energy budgets over shelf and estuary volumes in a realistic model of the northeast Pacific and Salish Sea give a new way to quantify the state of these systems and the physical forces that influence that state. On the continental shelf, upwelling may be quantified using APE, which is found to have order-one seasonal variation with an increase due to winds and decrease due to mixing. In the Salish Sea estuarine system, the APE has much less seasonal variation, and the magnitude of the most important forcing terms would take over 7 months to fully drain this energy.
An introduction to agent-based modeling modeling natural, social, and engineered complex systems with NetLogo: a review
Authors: Chaudhry Qasim Ali 
Published: July 2016

Book details
Uri Wilensky and William Rand An Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling; Modeling Natural, Social, and Engineered Complex Systems with NetLogo; The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England (2015), 504 pages, E-book ISBN: 9780262328111, Hard-cover ISBN: 9780262731898.
Equivalent accuracy at a fraction of the cost: Overcoming temporal dispersion
Authors: Li Yunyue Elita , Wong Mandy , Clapp Robert 
Published: July 2016

Numerical dispersion in finite-difference (FD) modeling produces coherent artifacts, severely constraining the resolution of advanced imaging and inversion techniques. Conventionally, numerical dispersion is reduced by increasing the order of accuracy of the FD operators, and we resign ourselves to paying the high computational cost that is incurred. Assuming no spatial dispersion, we have found that FD time dispersion is independent of the medium velocity and the spatial grid for propagation, and only depends on the time-stepping scheme and the propagation time. Based on this observation, we have devised postpropagation filters to collapse the time-dispersion effect of FD modeling. Our dispersion correction filters are designed by comparing the input waveform with dispersive waveforms obtained by 1D forward modeling. These filters are then applied on multidimensional shot records to eliminate the time dispersion by two schemes: (1) stationary filtering plus interpolation and (2) nonstationary filtering. We have found with 1D and 2D examples that the time dispersion is effectively removed by our postpropagation filtering at a negligible cost compared with a higher order modeling scheme.
Health of Young Children Whose Mothers Have Intellectual Disability
Authors: Powell Robyn M. , Parish Susan L. , Akobirshoev Ilhom 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Understanding the needs and experiences of parents with intellectual disability (ID) and their children is critical to ensuring that policies can effectively support these families. This research analyzed data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine the health outcomes of U.S. children whose mothers have (n = 263) and do not have ID (n = 1,298). Compared to mothers without ID, mothers with ID experienced worse outcomes related to socioeconomic status, limited support networks, and poor self-reported health. However, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, mother's intellectual disability was not associated with a child having fair or poor health, asthma, or being overweight or obese.