bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach for Meniscal Regeneration Using Kartogenin-Treated Autologous Tendon Graft
Authors: Huang He , Xu Hongyao , Zhao Jianning 
Published: September 2017

Background: The meniscus is one of the most commonly injured parts of the body, and meniscal healing is difficult. Hypothesis: Kartogenin (KGN) induces tendon stem cells (TSCs) to differentiate into cartilage cells in vitro and form meniscus-like tissue in vivo. A damaged meniscus can be replaced with a KGN-treated autologous tendon graft. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: In the in vitro experiments, TSCs were isolated from rabbit patellar tendons and cultured with various concentrations of KGN, from 0 to 1000 µM. The effect of KGN on the chondrogenesis of TSCs in vitro was investigated by histochemical staining and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The in vivo experiments were carried out on 6 New Zealand White rabbits by removing a meniscus from the rabbit knee and implanting an autologous tendon graft treated with KGN or saline. The meniscus formation in vivo was examined by histological analysis and immune staining. Results: The proliferation of TSCs was promoted by KGN in a concentration-dependent manner. Both histochemical staining and qRT-PCR showed that the chondrogenic differentiation of TSCs was increased with KGN concentration. After 3 months of implantation, the tendon graft treated with KGN formed a meniscus-like tissue with a white and glistening appearance, while the saline-treated tendon graft retained tendon-like tissue and appeared yellowish and unhealthy. Histochemical staining showed that after 3 months of implantation, the KGN-treated tendon graft had a structure similar to that of normal meniscus. Many cartilage-like cells and fibrocartilage-like tissues were found in the KGN-treated tendon graft. However, no cartilage-like cells were found in the saline-treated tendon graft after 3 months of implantation. Furthermore, the KGN-treated tendon graft was positively stained by both anti–collagen type I and type II antibodies, but the saline-treated tendon graft was not stained by collagen type II. Conclusion: The findings indicated that KGN can induce the differentiation of TSCs into cartilage-like cells in vitro and in vivo. The results suggest that KGN-treated tendon graft may be a good substitute for meniscal repair and regeneration. Clinical Relevance: This study revealed the direct effects of KGN on the chondrogenic differentiation of TSCs in vitro and in vivo. A KGN-treated autologous tendon graft induced formation of a meniscus-like tissue in vivo. This study provides a new cartilage regenerating technology for the treatment of damaged meniscus.
The burden of oral cancer in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Hille Jos , Johnson Newell W 
Published: September 2017

Objectives: To describe incidence and mortality rates of oral and of oropharyngeal cancers in sub-Saharan Africa using available sources and to discuss shortcomings. Methods: Incidence and mortality rates were obtained from GLOBOCAN online (IARC 2012) and the pathology-based South African National Cancer Registry (SA-NCR). Descriptions of oral and of oropharynx cancers for the four main geographical regions were derived from the literature. For South Africa, the incidence by ethnic group of lip and intra-oral cancer over the period 1988–2012 could be calculated from SA-NCR. The age distributions for intraoral and for oropharynx cancer in both genders in South Africa were compared for the period 1996–2002. Results: Age standardized incidence rates and mortality rates of lip and of oral cancer in sub-Saharan Africa varied substantially, depending on the regions, the mix of carcinogenic substances consumed in each country and the quality of the cancer registry data. African islands in the Indian Ocean and the Southern and Eastern African countries report the highest rates; these are generally reported to be much lower in West African countries. Available data are now old: not beyond 2010. Up until that time, in the Republic of South Africa, there appears to have been a slight decline in oral cancer rates, except in Black females, but a rise this millennium in cancer of the oropharynx, especially in Coloureds (mixed-race). At least until 2002, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection (HIV) pandemic had little or no stimulating influence on the incidence rates of oral squamous carcinoma in South Africa, although Kaposi’s sarcoma has been a major burden in the past. Asian and mixed-race South African females had the highest levels of oral squamous cell carcinomas in the <45 year age group. Conclusion: The quality of cancer registry data in sub-Saharan Africa is variable, unreliable and out of date, suggesting gross under-ascertainment. Records of all causes of death are poor, which can result in both under- and over-attribution of cancer mortality. Improvements of the necessary resources for cancer registration and death certification deserve a high priority.
Rituximab-based first-line treatment of cGVHD after allogeneic SCT: results of a phase 2 study
Authors: Malard Florent , Labopin Myriam , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Chantepie Sylvain , Guillaume Thierry , Blaise Didier , Tabrizi Reza , Magro Leonardo , Vanhove Bernard , Blancho Gilles , Moreau Philippe , Gaugler Béatrice , Chevallier Patrice , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: September 2017

Key Points
The addition of rituximab to corticosteroid and CsA is safe and effective for first-line treatment of cGVHD. Resistance of PD-L1hi B cells to anti-CD20 depletion may lead to the suppression of activated Tfh cells and cGVHD control.
The European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC): experiences from a successful ERS Clinical Research Collaboration
Authors: Chalmers James D. , Crichton Megan , Goeminne Pieter C. , Loebinger Michael R. , Haworth Charles , Almagro Marta , Vendrell Montse , De Soyza Anthony , Dhar Raja  , Morgan Lucy , Blasi Francesco , Aliberti Stefano , Boyd Jeanette , Polverino Eva 
Published: September 2017

In contrast to airway diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma, and rare diseases such as cystic fibrosis, there has been little research and few clinical trials in bronchiectasis. Guidelines are primarily based on expert opinion and treatment is challenging because of the heterogeneous nature of the disease.In an effort to address decades of underinvestment in bronchiectasis research, education and clinical care, the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) was established in 2012 as a collaborative pan-European network to bring together bronchiectasis researchers. The European Respiratory Society officially funded EMBARC in 2013 as a Clinical Research Collaboration, providing support and infrastructure to allow the project to grow.EMBARC has now established an international bronchiectasis registry that is active in more than 30 countries both within and outside Europe. Beyond the registry, the network participates in designing and facilitating clinical trials, has set international research priorities, promotes education and has participated in producing the first international bronchiectasis guidelines. This manuscript article the development, structure and achievements of EMBARC from 2012 to 2017.Educational aimsTo understand the role of Clinical Research Collaborations as the major way in which the European Respiratory Society can stimulate clinical research in different disease areasTo understand some of the key features of successful disease registriesTo review key epidemiological, clinical and translational studies of bronchiectasis contributed by the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) project in the past 5 yearsTo understand the key research priorities identified by EMBARC for the next 5 years
Diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia: summary of the ERS Task Force report
Authors: Kuehni Claudia E. , Lucas Jane S. 
Published: September 2017

Key pointsPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease characterised by abnormal motile ciliary function.There is no “gold standard” diagnostic test for PCD.The European Respiratory Society (ERS) Task Force Guidelines for diagnosing PCD recommend that patients should be referred for diagnostic testing if they have several of the following features: persistent wet cough; situs anomalies; congenital cardiac defects; persistent rhinitis; chronic middle ear disease with or without hearing loss; or a history, in term infants, of neonatal upper and lower respiratory symptoms or neonatal intensive care admission.The ERS Task Force recommends that patients should be investigated in a specialist PCD centre with access to a range of complementary tests: nasal nitric oxide, high-speed video microscopy analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Additional tests including immunofluorescence labelling of ciliary proteins and genetic testing may also help determine the diagnosis.Educational aimsThis article is intended for primary and secondary care physicians interested in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD),i.e.those who identify patients for testing, and those involved in diagnosing and managing PCD patients. It aims:to inform readers about the new European Respiratory Society Task Force Guidelines for diagnosing patients with PCDto enable primary and secondary care physicians to: identify patients who need diagnostic testing; understand the diagnostic tests that their patients will undergo, the results of the tests and their limitations; and ensure that appropriate care is subsequently delivered.
Link between bedrock lithology and sedimentary systems in Lake Erhai Basin, southwest China, with respect to source to sink
Authors: Zhu Xiu , Zhu Hongtao , Zeng Hongliu , Liu Qianghu 
Published: August 2017

Lake Erhai and its adjacent areas at one time constitute one complete source-to-sink (S2S) system. According to analyses of modern S2Ss, however, the S2S of Lake Erhai Basin can be divided into three subsystems — western (S2S-W), eastern (S2S-E), and northern (S2S-N). Among these three subsystems, significant differences have been found to exist in bedrock lithology (source area) and sedimentary bodies (sink area). The bedrocks (source area) of S2S-E consist mainly of carbonate rocks, and sediments are transported by small rivers and deposited on the eastern bank of the lake, forming small ([Formula: see text]) alluvial fans (sink area). Bedrocks of S2S-W involve metamorphic rocks and a few granitic and carbonate rocks. Sediments are transported by extensive streams (Cangshan 18 streams) and deposited along the western bank of the lake, forming a large ([Formula: see text]) sediment belt. In S2S-N (axial source), bedrocks are composed mainly of the clastic rocks. Sediments are transported by large rivers (the Miju and Lushi Rivers) and are deposited on the northern bank of the lake, forming a large delta ([Formula: see text]). Studies of the modern S2S reveal that different S2Ss can exist in the same basin (sag) and that these S2Ss are likely to differ significantly in catchment area, sedimentary body area, sedimentation response, etc., because of controlling factors such as bedrock lithology, tectonic activity, paleomorphology, basin boundaries, and transport channel, among others. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the distinguishing characteristics of S2Ss in further study of the ancient S2S systems.
Clinical staging models: From general medicine to mental disorders
Authors: Scott Jan , Henry Chantal 
Published: September 2017

SummaryRevisions of international classification systems for mental disorders have focused on improving the reliability of diagnostic criteria. However, the uncertain validity of the current diagnostic categories means that they do not always fulfil their key purposes, namely to guide treatment and predict outcomes. This is especially true when traditional diagnostic approaches are applied to adolescents and young adults with emerging illnesses. A clinical staging model, similar to those used in general medicine, could improve diagnosis in psychiatry and aid treatment decision-making, especially if applied to individuals aged about 15–25 years, which is the peak age range for the onset of severe mental disorders. Staging models may offer a new framework for the development of interventions with high benefit and low risk, and for research into neurobiological and psychosocial risk factors. However, this approach is not without controversy: some experts oppose its introduction, some argue that it represents a transdiagnostic model, and some suggest it is only viable if disorder-specific models are used.Learning Objectives• Gain awareness of some limitations of current approaches to psychiatric diagnosis• Review the basic principles of clinical staging models used in general medicine• Understand current research on the use of staging models in psychiatry, and attempts to apply these models to bipolar disorders
Trends in the Prevalence of Intraoperative Adverse Events at Two Academic Hospitals After Implementation of a Mandatory Reporting System
Authors: Wanderer Jonathan P. , Gratch David M. , Jacques Paul St. , Rodriquez Luis I. , Epstein Richard H. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND:
Anesthesia information management systems (AIMSs) have been effectively used to improve quality in anesthesia care, and have enabled the development of mandatory quality assurance (QA) reporting systems for adverse events (AEs). While this approach has been shown to increase event reporting over time, the long-term effect of such a system on quality is unknown. We investigated the trends in AE reporting over time after implementing AIMS-based mandatory reporting systems at 2 academic medical centers.

METHODS:
At Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, AEs were retrieved after implementation of a mandatory QA process in 2013. These AEs were categorized as preventable and unpreventable. The rates of overall preventable and unpreventable AEs were analyzed over time. At Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the rates of AEs were analyzed after establishing a mandatory QA process in 2002. Data were binned by quarter, and trends over time were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test.

RESULTS:
At Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, over a period of 2 years after implementation of a mandatory QA process, the documented AE rate decreased from 1.23% to 0.64% (P < .0001). This decrease occurred primarily in the group of preventable AEs, which declined from 1.01% to 0.52% (P = .014). The rate of unpreventable AEs was unchanged, from 0.22% to 0.12% (P = .12). At Vanderbilt University Medical Center, over a 7-year period after implementation, the AE rate decreased from 4.20% to 1.36% (P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
After implementation of a mandatory QA process at 2 academic medical centers, documented AE rates decreased significantly. The decrease observed in preventable AEs, with unchanged rates of unpreventable AEs, demonstrates that mandatory reporting of intraoperative AEs was followed by a reduction in preventable intraoperative AEs. If our findings are replicated at other institutions and are shown to have a stronger trend compared with institutions where the implementation was not conducted, or there was a change from preimplementation trends, adding mandatory perioperative outcomes reporting in the AIMS may represent a valuable method to improve the overall safety of anesthesia.
Management of Reported and Forecast EPS, Investor Responses, and Research Implications
Authors: Cheong Foong Soon , Thomas Jacob 
Published: August 2017

We document substantial management of reported and forecast earnings per share (EPS) for analyst-followed U.S. firms, with the extent of management increasing with share price. Managers smooth the volatility of reported EPS by using accruals to offset cash flow shocks. Smoother EPS is easier to forecast, resulting in smaller forecast errors. Managers also differentially guide forecasts to improve accuracy. Whereas unmanaged forecast errors are much larger for high-price firms, they are compressed to the point their magnitudes resemble those for low-price firms. Managers also guide analyst forecasts to generate patterns of forecast walkdowns that again vary with share price. Given the remarkable level of management implied by our results, we conduct additional robustness analyses. The strongest evidence is observed in stock price responses: investors recognize efforts to manage reported and forecast EPS and adjust accordingly. We highlight potential biases caused by researchers being unaware of managerial efforts and investor responses, and offer ways to mitigate those biases. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2832 . This paper was accepted by Shivaram Rajgopal, accounting.
The bilaminar (Dual-Laminate) protective night guard
Authors: Longridge Nicholas N , Milosevic Alexander 
Published: September 2017

Tooth wear is an increasing problem for general dental practitioners. Attrition is associated with bruxism, primarily a stress-related condition that is difficult to manage dentally. Direct composite restorations are frequently used to restore the worn anterior dentition. Soft occlusal appliances (night guards) are often prescribed in bruxism, despite debatable clinical benefit. Bilaminar (dual-laminate) splints or night guards are composed of two distinct layers of ethylene-vinyl acetate; a soft inner and a harder outer layer. These occlusal appliances are cost-effective to construct, easy to fit and offer greater resistance to occlusal forces than entirely soft occlusal appliances. Patient compliance is excellent. Bilaminar night guards are proposed as an alternative occlusal appliance to prevent further attritional tooth wear from bruxism when TMD is absent and for protection of composite placed to restore the worn dentition. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The soft occlusal guard is widely used in dentistry but lacks durability and cannot be adjusted. To prevent further attrition and protect restorations, the use of a bilaminar or dual laminate material is advocated in cases of bruxism.
Reviews: Books
Authors: Bircher Jen , Brewer Reed 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Irreversible, Tim Palmer, (2015)
London: Palgrave Macmillan, 192 pp., ISBN: 9780230336971 (pbk), $35.00
Queer Masculinities in Latin American Cinema: Male Bodies and Narrative Representations, Gustavo Subero, (2014)
London: I.B. Tauris, 241pp., ISBN: 9781780763200 (hbk), $94.00
Role of the hydrophobic core in cytoskeleton protein: cardiac myosin binding protein C
Authors: Gołda Maria , Banach Mateusz , Wiśniowski Zdzisław , Ziajka Wojciech , Konieczny Leszek , Roterman Irena 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Cardiac myosin binding protein C is the object of analysis presented in this paper. The fuzzy oil drop model was applied to analyze the status of the hydrophobic core in two forms of this protein: WT and R502W mutant. The status of the mutant is revealed to be of lower stability than the WT form. The high order of the hydrophobic core is interpreted as the factor of stability of the tertiary structure. The muscle proteins, which undergo significant structural changes as the consequence of external stretching forces, are expected to return to initial structures after the release of an external force. The mutant R502W appears to represent lower stability; thus, the return to the initial structure may be of lower probability. The comparable analysis to other muscle domains (titin) and immunoglobulin domains suggests the very subtle relation to the biological activity of these proteins.
Exemplarik und Erfahrung in allegorischen Ich-Erzählungen (am Beispiel von Konrads von Würzburg ›Klage der Kunst‹)
Authors: Philipowski Katharina 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Most of the longer worldly fictional Middle High German first-person narrations are allegorical. The article discusses the reasons for this interdependence between allegory and the first-person narrative form, which is observable not only in Middle High German literature, but also in texts belonging to other European vernacular literatures of the time. In my article I develop two main thesis: The first is that the use of allegoric forms marks on the one hand a highbrow literary level and serves as a stylistic ornament of texts, which tend to present themselves mainly as author-speech. This is also the reason why in these texts the ›I‹ is often not only a narrating ›I‹, but also takes over the role of an author on the narrative level of the histoire. The other reason for this interdependence is that among all kinds of narrators, only the first-person narrator is able to cross the border between the extradiegetic and the diegetic world, in which personifications like Frau Minne, Frau Triuwe, or Frau Âventiure have the knowledge about Minne, Triuwe, and Âventiure and wait for the first-person narrator to approach and to be taught. Only he can experience the encounter with the personifications and their instruction himself and only he can pass this knowledge to the recipients as an experience he made himself.
Experimental İnvestigation on a Prototype Solar-Wind Hybrid System with a Pico Hydro Turbine
Authors: Anilkumar T T , P Srinivasa Rao Nayak , Simon Sishaj P 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRural electrification is often considered to be the backbone of the rural economy. In spite of launching of ambitious schemes to achieve 100% rural electrification, millions of people, particularly in rural areas are away from grid electricity and its benefits. Renewable energy sources (RES) coupled with pumped storage provides a technically viable solution for continuous power supply in remote areas. Therefore, this paper presents a solar-wind hybrid system with pumped storage generation unit to meet the basic load demands of domestic consumers, using Pico hydro turbine (PHT). A prototype of this system is developed in the laboratory and investigates its operational aspects. This scheme utilizes a PHT (300 W), usually employed in run-off river schemes, in domestic level application. The developed model is evaluated on sunny and cloudy day. It operates on a daily basis, storing the surplus energy from renewable sources by pumping water to an upper reservoir, and retrieve this energy through its PHT. Therefore, this system satisfies the basic load demands of domestic consumers who are away from access to the grid. The control and energy management of the proposed system is carried out using labVIEW.
An Approximation for BER of Optical Wireless System under Weak Atmospheric Turbulence using Point Estimate
Authors: Kaushik Rahul , Khandelwal Vineet , Jain R. C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Obtaining analytically closed-form expression for bit error rate (BER) of an optical wireless communication (OWC) system under weak atmospheric turbulence is extremely difficult and intractable. In this paper, a simple closed-form approximate expression for average BER of OWC system under weak turbulence condition is obtained using point estimate method. The proposed expression is used to compute the BER for on-off keying (OOK) and sub carrier intensity modulated (SIM) binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation schemes. Results obtained using proposed expression are compared with those obtained using Gauss-Hermite quadrature approximation and Monte-Carlo simulations.