bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identificación de Escherichia coli enteropatógena en niños con síndrome diarreico agudo del Estado Sucre, Venezuela
Authors: Michelli Elvia , Millán Adriana , Rodulfo Hectorina , Michelli Mirian , Luiggi Jesús , Carreño Numirin , De Donato Marcos 
Published: April 2016

<p><strong>Introducción.</strong> Las <em>Escherichia coli</em> diarreogénicas son uno de los principales agentes causales de síndrome diarreico agudo.</p><p><strong>Objetivo.</strong> Identificar grupos clonales de <em>E. coli</em> Enteropatógena (ECEP), en 485 niños con diarrea aguda, con edades entre 0-10 años, asistidos en centros de salud de los municipios Arismendi, Benítez y Sucre, estado Sucre, Venezuela, entre marzo-diciembre, 2011.</p><p><strong>Materiales y métodos.</strong> Previo consentimiento informado, se recolectaron muestras fecales y se identificaron <em>E. coli</em>, utilizando metodologías de coprocultivo estándar y serología con antisueros polivalentes y monovalentes. Se aisló ADN e hicieron dos PCR múltiples, para amplificar los genes <em>eae </em>(intimina)<em> </em>y<em> bfpA </em>(bundlina).</p><p><strong>Resultados.</strong> En el 39,6% de los coprocultivos se determinó la presencia de infección bacteriana. La prevalencia de <em>E. coli </em>fue 54,7%; el 82,9% de estas cepas fue positivo por serología, para los serogrupos y el serotipo evaluados, siendo identificados mayormente en niños entre 0-2 años (37,9%). El 48,6% de las cepas <em>E. coli</em> amplificaron para el gen <em>eae</em>, de éstas, el 58,8% se clasificó como ECEP típicas (<em>eae</em>+ y <em>bfp</em>+). ECEP II fue el serogrupo más frecuente, 38,7%, con predominio de ECEP típicas (60%). El alelo b de intimina fue el más identificado (74,5%) en cepas positivas para el gen <em>eae</em>. Sólo se identificaron cuatro cepas con el serotipo O157:H7 por antisueros, las cuales no amplificaron por PCR para los genes <em>eae</em> y <em>bfpA</em>.</p><p><strong>Conclusiones.</strong> Este estudio muestra la importancia de aplicar pruebas moleculares para identificar cepas <em>E. coli</em> diarreogénicas implicadas en cuadros clínicos de variada severidad.</p>
Evidencia molecular de Rickettsia typhi en perros de una comunidad rural de Yucatán, México
Authors: Martínez Daly , Torres Marco , Koyoc Edgar , López Karina , Panti Alonso , Rodríguez Iván , Puc Adriano , Dzul Karla , Zavala Jorge , Medina Anuar , Chablé Juan , Manrique Pablo 
Published: April 2016

<p><strong>Introducción.</strong> <em>Rickettsia typhi</em> es la bacteria causante del tifo murino o endémico, el cual es transmitido al ser humano principalmente por medio de heces infectadas de pulgas y en cuyo ciclo de infección se encuentran involucrados distintos animales sinantrópicos y domésticos. En la comunidad rural de Bolmay, Yucatán, México, se han reportado casos de tifo murino en seres humanos durante el periodo 2007-2010.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Objetivo.</strong> Identificar la presencia de <em>R</em>.<em> typhi</em> y estimar la frecuencia de infección en perros de Bolmay, Yucatán, México.</p><p><strong>Materiales y métodos.</strong> Se tomaron muestras de sangre completa a 128 perros, se les extrajo ADN total y se analizaron mediante la prueba de Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa para amplificar fragmentos de los genes<em>17-kDa</em> y <em>omp B</em> y confirmar la presencia de <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. Los productos de las reacciones se enviaron a secuenciación y se les realizó un análisis de alineamiento con la herramienta <em>BLAST</em>.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Resultados.</strong> Se encontró una frecuencia de infección de 5,5 % (7/128). El alineamiento demostró 99 % y 100 % de homologación para los genes <em>17-kDa</em> y o<em>mp B</em> respectivamente, ambos para la especie <em>R</em>. <em>typhi</em>.</p><p><strong>Conclusión.</strong> Se detectó la presencia de <em>R</em>. <em>typhi</em> con baja frecuencia de infección en perros de la comunidad de estudio; sin embargo, podría representar un riesgo potencial de transmisión hacia los seres humanos. </p>
Piomiositis tuberculosa en un paciente inmunodeprimido
Authors: Osorio Johanna , Barreto Jackeline , Benavides Jhonattan , López Óscar , Cuenca Ángela , García Esperanza 
Published: April 2016

<p>La piomiositis tuberculosa es una manifestación poco frecuente de tuberculosis extrapulmonar, siendo más común en pacientes inmunosuprimidos, con manifestaciones clínicas similares a la piomiositis de otra etiología, pero con una edad menor de presentación; como factores de riesgo se destacan la infección tuberculosa previa y la inmunosupresión farmacológica. El diagnóstico depende de una alta sospecha clínica en una población susceptible, ya que en muchas ocasiones el aislamiento microbiológico no es posible. La respuesta al tratamiento y el pronóstico son buenos. El caso que se presenta a continuación, es llamativo dada la rareza de esta manifestación de tuberculosis y la respuesta lenta al manejo antituberculoso de primera línea en un paciente con infección por VIH con recaída y un aislamiento microbiológico susceptible. </p>
Preliminary study on non-viral transfection of F9 (factor IX) gene by nucleofection in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Olmedillas López Susana , Garcia-Arranz Mariano , Garcia-Olmo Damian , Liras Antonio 
Published: April 2016

Background.Hemophilia is a rare recessive X-linked disease characterized by a deficiency of coagulation factor VIII or factor IX. Its current treatment is merely palliative. Advanced therapies are likely to become the treatment of choice for the disease as they could provide a curative treatment.Methods.The present study looks into the use of a safe non-viral transfection method based on nucleofection to express and secrete human clotting factor IX (hFIX) where human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells were used as target cellsin vitrostudies and NOD. Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice were used to analyze factor IX expressionin vivostudies. Previously, acute liver injury was induced by an injected intraperitoneal dose of 500 mg/kg body weight of acetaminophen.Results.Nucleofection showed a percentage of positive cells ranging between 30.7% and 41.9% and a cell viability rate of 29.8%, and cells were shown to secrete amounts of hFIX between 36.8 and 71.9 ng/mL. hFIX levels in the blood of NSG mice injected with ASCs transfected with this vector, were 2.7 ng/mL 48 h after injection. Expression and secretion of hFIX were achieved bothin vitrocell culture media andin vivoin the plasma of mice treated with the transfected ASCs. Such cells are capable of eventually migrating to a previously damaged target tissue (the liver) where they secrete hFIX, releasing it to the bloodstream over a period of at least five days from administration.Conclusions.The results obtained in the present study may form a preliminary basis for the establishment of a futureex vivonon-viral gene/cellular safe therapy protocol that may eventually contribute to advancing the treatment of hemophilia.
Harm reduction interventions in HIV care: a qualitative exploration of patient and provider perspectives
Authors: Carlberg-Racich Suzanne 
Published: April 2016

Background.A culture of stringent drug policy, one-size-fits-all treatment approaches, and drug-related stigma has clouded clinical HIV practice in the United States. The result is a series of missed opportunities in the HIV care environment. An approach which may address the broken relationship between patient and provider is harm reduction—which removes judgment and operates at the patient’s stage of readiness. Harm reduction is not a routine part of care; rather, it exists outside clinic walls, exacerbating the divide between compassionate, stigma-free services and the medical system.Methods.Qualitative, phenomenological, semi-structured, individual interviews with patients and providers were conducted in three publicly-funded clinics in Chicago, located in areas of high HIV prevalence and drug use and serving African-American patients (N= 38). A deductive thematic analysis guided the process, including: the creation of an index code list, transcription and verification of interviews, manual coding, notation of emerging themes and refinement of code definitions, two more rounds of coding within AtlasTi, calculation of Cohen’s Kappa for interrater reliability, queries of major codes and analysis of additional common themes.Results.Thematic analysis of findings indicated that the majority of patients felt receptive to harm reduction interventions (safer injection counseling, safer stimulant use counseling, overdose prevention information, supply provision) from their provider, and expressed anticipated gratitude for harm reduction information and/or supplies within the HIV care visit, although some were reluctant to talk openly about their drug use. Provider results were mixed, with more receptivity reported by advanced practice nurses, and more barriers cited by physicians. Notable barriers included: role-perceptions, limited time, inadequate training, and the patients themselves.Discussion.Patients are willing to receive harm reduction interventions from their HIV care providers, while provider receptiveness is mixed. The findings reveal critical implications for diffusion of harm reduction into HIV care, including the need to address cited barriers for both patients and providers to ensure feasibility of implementation. Strategies to address these barriers are discussed, and recommendations for further research are also shared.
Solution‐Based Fabrication of Narrow‐Disperse ABC Three‐Segment and Θ‐Shaped Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhou Changming , Dong Haiyan , Chen Daoyong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNanoparticles sized tens of nm with not only a highly complex but also a highly regular nanostructure, although ubiquitous in nature, are very difficult to prepare artificially. Herein, we report efficient solution‐based preparation of narrow‐disperse ABC three‐segment hierarchical nanoparticles (HNPs) with a size of tens of nm through a three‐level hierarchical self‐assembly of A‐b‐B‐b‐C triblock copolymers in solution. An ABC HNP is composed of three nanoparticles, A, B, and C that are linearly connected; in the ABC HNP, the B nanoparticle is sandwiched between the A and C nanoparticles. The method for the preparation is highly efficient, because all of the A‐b‐B‐b‐C chains in the solution are converted into the ABC HNPs. Furthermore, the ABC HNPs self‐assembled into Θ‐shaped HNPs tens nm in size. Both the ABC and Θ‐shaped HNPs, are highly complex but highly regular, and are novel HNPs, and they should be very promising for addressing various theoretical and practical problems.
Nanotexaphyrin: One‐Pot Synthesis of a Manganese Texaphyrin‐Phospholipid Nanoparticle for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Keca Joseph M. , Chen Juan , Overchuk Marta , Muhanna Nidal , MacLaughlin Christina M. , Jin Cheng S. , Foltz Warren D. , Irish Jonathan C. , Zheng Gang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe discovery and synthesis of novel multifunctional organic building blocks for nanoparticles is challenging. Texaphyrin macrocycles are capable and multifunctional chelators. However, they remain elusive as building blocks for nanoparticles because of the difficulty associated with synthesis of texaphyrin constructs capable of self‐assembly. A novel manganese (Mn)‐texaphyrin‐phospholipid building block is described, along with its one‐pot synthesis and self‐assembly into a Mn‐nanotexaphyrin. This nanoparticle possesses strong resilience to manganese dissociation, structural stability, in vivo bio‐safety, and structure‐dependent T1 and T2 relaxivities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhanced visualization of lymphatic drainage is demonstrated with respect to proximal lymph nodes on the head and neck VX‐2 tumors of a rabbit. Synthesis of 17 additional metallo‐texaphyrin building blocks suggests that this novel one‐pot synthetic procedure for nanotexaphyrins may lead to a wide range of applications in the field of nanomedicines.
Isomerization of Cyclooctadiene to Cyclooctyne with a Zinc/Zirconium Heterobimetallic Complex
Authors: Butler Michael J. , White Andrew J. P. , Crimmin Mark R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReaction of a zinc/zirconium heterobimetallic complex with 1,5‐cyclooctadiene (1,5‐COD) results in slow isomerization to 1,3‐cyclooctadiene (1,3‐COD), along with the formation of a new complex that includes a cyclooctyne ligand bridging two metal centers. While analogous magnesium/zirconium and aluminum/zirconium heterobimetallic complexes are competent for the catalytic isomerization of 1,5‐COD to 1,3‐COD, only in the case of the zinc species is the cyclooctyne adduct observed.
A pH Scale for the Protic Ionic Liquid Ethylammonium Nitrate
Authors: Kanzaki Ryo , Kodamatani Hitoshi , Tomiyasu Takashi , Watanabe Hikari , Umebayashi Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTo quantify the properties of protic ionic liquids (PILs) as acid–base reaction media, potentiometric titrations were carried out in a neat PIL, ethylammonium nitrate (EAN). A linear relationship was found between the 14 pKa values of 12 compounds in EAN and in water. In other words, the pKa value in EAN was found to be roughly one unit greater than that in water regardless of the charge and hydrophobicity of the compounds. It is possible that this could be explained by the stronger acidity of HNO3 in EAN than that of H3O+ in water and not by the difference in the solvation state of the ions. The pH value in EAN ranges from −1 to 9 on the pH scale based on the pH value in water.
Modeling continuous covariates with a “spike” at zero: Bivariate approaches
Authors: Jenkner Carolin , Lorenz Eva , Becher Heiko , Sauerbrei Willi 
Published: April 2016

In epidemiology and clinical research, predictors often take value zero for a large amount of observations while the distribution of the remaining observations is continuous. These predictors are called variables with a spike at zero. Examples include smoking or alcohol consumption. Recently, an extension of the fractional polynomial (FP) procedure, a technique for modeling nonlinear relationships, was proposed to deal with such situations. To indicate whether or not a value is zero, a binary variable is added to the model. In a two stage procedure, called FP‐spike, the necessity of the binary variable and/or the continuous FP function for the positive part are assessed for a suitable fit. In univariate analyses, the FP‐spike procedure usually leads to functional relationships that are easy to interpret. This paper introduces four approaches for dealing with two variables with a spike at zero (SAZ). The methods depend on the bivariate distribution of zero and nonzero values. Bi‐Sep is the simplest of the four bivariate approaches. It uses the univariate FP‐spike procedure separately for the two SAZ variables. In Bi‐D3, Bi‐D1, and Bi‐Sub, proportions of zeros in both variables are considered simultaneously in the binary indicators. Therefore, these strategies can account for correlated variables. The methods can be used for arbitrary distributions of the covariates. For illustration and comparison of results, data from a case‐control study on laryngeal cancer, with smoking and alcohol intake as two SAZ variables, is considered. In addition, a possible extension to three or more SAZ variables is outlined. A combination of log‐linear models for the analysis of the correlation in combination with the bivariate approaches is proposed.
Case report: false positive elevated serum‐galactomannan levels after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation caused by oral nutritional supplements
Authors: Rachow Tobias , Dornaus Sebastian , Sayer Herbert G. , Hermann Beate , Hochhaus Andreas , von Lilienfeld‐Toal Marie 
Published: April 2016

Key Clinical MessagePositive galactomannan tests in patients who underwent chemotherapy without any clinical signs of a fungal infection should lead the clinician to consideration of a false‐positive test result. Oral nutritional supplements may be a cause, especially in the case of concomitant disturbance of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier because of mucositis.
A review of the role of anticoagulation for patients with infective endocarditis and embolic stroke
Authors: Preston Arfah Hazel , Williams Stefan , Archer Judy 
Published: April 2016

Key Clinical MessageStroke is a common embolic complication of infective endocarditis. The most important treatment to prevent stroke in endocarditis is the initiation of antibiotic therapy. It is unclear whether the initiation of de novo anticoagulation (i.e, warfarin) in patients with infective endocarditis is beneficial, since there are no large or randomized controlled trials in this area. However, this case report suggests, despite the limited evidence, that anticoagulation in this patient caused no harm and could suggest a hint of possible benefit.
Facile Green Synthesis of BCN Nanosheets as High‐Performance Electrode Material for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Karbhal Indrapal , Devarapalli Rami Reddy , Debgupta Joyashish , Pillai Vijayamohanan K. , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Shelke Manjusha V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTwo‐dimensional hexagonal boron carbon nitride (BCN) nanosheets (NSs) were synthesized by new approach in which a mixture of glucose and an adduct of boric acid (H3BO3) and urea (NH2CONH2) is heated at 900 °C. The method is green, scalable and gives a high yield of BCN NSs with average size of about 1 μm and thickness of about 13 nm. Structural characterization of the as‐synthesized material was carried out by several techniques, and its energy‐storage properties were evaluated electrochemically. The material showed excellent capacitive behaviour with a specific capacitance as high as 244 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The material retains up to 96 % of its initial capacity after 3000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1.
Reduced Graphene‐Wrapped MnO2 Nanowires Self‐Inserted with Co3O4 Nanocages: Remarkable Enhanced Performances for Lithium‐Ion Anode Applications
Authors: Zhu Qi , Li Yunhui , Gao Ying , Wang Xiao , Song Shuyan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA simple synthetic approach for graphene‐templated nanostructured MnO2 nanowires self‐inserted with Co3O4 nanocages is proposed in this work. The Co3O4 nanocages were penetrated in situ by MnO2 nanowires. As an anode, the as‐obtained MnO2–Co3O4–RGO composite exhibits remarkable enhanced performance compared with the MnO2–RGO and Co3O4–RGO samples. The MnO2–Co3O4–RGO electrode delivers a reversible capacity of up to 577.4 mA h g−1 after 400 cycles at 500 mA g−1 and the Coulombic efficiency of MnO2–Co3O4–RGO is about 96 %.
Magnesium Catalysis for the Hydroboration of Carbodiimides
Authors: Weetman Catherine , Hill Michael S. , Mahon Mary F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA β‐diketiminato magnesium alkyl complex, [CH{C(Me)NDipp}2}MgnBu] (Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3), was shown to be an effective pre‐catalyst for the first reported catalytic hydroboration of alkyl‐ and aryl‐substituted carbodiimides with pinacol borane (HBpin). The catalytic reactions proceed under mild conditions to afford the corresponding N‐borylated formamidine compounds in good yields. The reactions were observed to proceed through the intermediacy of magnesium amidinate and formamidinatoborate intermediates and an example of one of these latter species has been structurally characterised by an X‐ray diffraction analysis. Crucially, no formation of the N‐boryl formamidine products was observed in the absence of additional equivalents of the carbodiimide and HBpin substrates. This observation, supported by the evolution of a sigmoidal kinetic profile for the hydroboration of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, has been rationalised as the consequence of an allosteric effect of the pinacol borane and carbodiimide on the magnesium formamidinatoborate intermediates.
Stereoselective Synthesis and Modelling‐Driven Optimisation of Carane‐Based Aminodiols and 1,3‐Oxazines as Catalysts for the Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Benzaldehyde
Authors: Szakonyi Zsolt , Csőr Árpád , Csámpai Antal , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe reductive amination of (−)‐2‐carene‐3‐aldehyde, prepared in two steps from (−)‐perillaldehyde, furnished 2‐carene‐based allylamines. tert‐Butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) or carbobenzyloxy (Cbz) protection of the resulting amines, followed by stereoselective dihydroxylation in highly stereospecific reactions with OsO4 and subsequent deprotection, resulted in N‐benzylaminodiols, which were transformed to primary and tertiary aminodiols. The reactions of the N‐benzyl‐ and N‐(1‐phenylethyl)‐substituted derivatives with formaldehyde led to highly regioselective ring closure, resulting in carane‐fused 1,3‐oxazines. The aminodiols and their 1,3‐oxazine derivatives were applied as chiral catalysts in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. The best (R) enantioselectivity was observed in the case of the N‐((R)‐1‐phenylethyl)‐substituted aminodiol, whereas the opposite chiral direction was preferred when the 1,3‐oxazines were applied. Through the use of molecular modelling at an ab initio level, this phenomenon was interpreted in terms of competing reaction pathways. Molecular modelling at the RHF/LANL2DZ level of theory was successfully applied for a mechanism‐based interpretation of the stereochemical outcome of the reactions leading to the development of further 1,3‐oxazine‐based ligands, which display excellent (S) enantioselectivity (95 and 98 % ee) in the examined transformation.
ChemInform Abstract: MOLYBDENUM CARBIDES AND MOLYBDENUM TUNGSTEN CARBIDES IN THE TEMPERATURE RANGE OF 600‐1600°C
Authors: SCHUSTER J. C. , NOWOTNY H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFe‐freie Mo‐C‐und (Mo,W)‐C‐Proben geben beim Sintern neben Mo2C bzw. (Mo,W)2C und Graphit stets auch hexagonales MoC (WC‐Typ) bzw. (Mo,W)C und kubisches MoC1‐x bzw. (Mo,W)C1‐x (NaCl‐Typ).
ChemInform Abstract: EQUATION OF STATE AND TRANSPORT DATA ON EXPANDED LIQUID RUBIDIUM UP TO 1700°C AND 400 BAR
Authors: PFEIFER H. P. , FREYLAND W. , HENSEL F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn einer speziell dafür konstruierten Hochdruck‐Hochtemperatur‐ Apparatur mit Meßzellen aus Mo und Mo‐Re‐Legierungen werden Dichte, elektrische Leitfähigkeit und Thermokraft von flüssigem Rb als Funktion von Temp. (300 bis 1700°C) und Druck (1‐400 bar) simultan gemessen.
ChemInform Abstract: WERTSTEIGERUNG VON ZINKARMEN MINERALIEN DURCH FLUESSIG‐FLUESSIG‐EXTRAKTION
Authors: BOUCHACOURT M. , SAUGIER M.‐T. , COHEN‐ADAD R. , CUER J.‐P. , FLOREANCIG A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractZn wird aus den Mineralien nach der Überführung in das Chlorid mit Hilfe von Tributylphosphat extrahiert.
ChemInform Abstract: OPTICAL EXTINCTION OF RANDOMLY ORIENTATED AND SHEAR FLOW ORIENTATED COLLOIDAL KAOLINITE PARTICLES
Authors: CHAMPION J. V. , MEETEN G. H. , MOON B. R. , GATE L. F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, daß die absoluten Trübungswerte für Dispersionen zufällig verteilter und Scherströmungs‐ausgerichteter Kaolinit‐Tonteilchen durch die Theorie der anomalen Brechung der optischen Extinktion beschreibbar sind.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF SILICA SURFACES
Authors: PRIGOGINE M. , FRIPIAT J. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEs wird ein Modell für die Wechselwirkungen einer SiO2‐Oberfläche mit Wasser oder Säuren (besonders mit HF) vorgeschlagen, das auf zwei Annahmen beruht: 1. Die d."‐p"‐Bindung zwischen einem Paar nichtbindender Elektronen des Sauerstoffs und den leeren 3d‐Orbitalen des Si kehrt den von der Negativitätsdifferenz zwischen Ound Si herrührenden induktiven Effekt um.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE MIXED OXIDE CATALYST MAGNESIUM OXIDE‐SILICON DIOXIDE. III. ACID‐BASE CHARACTERISTICS OF THERMALLY TREATED SOLIDS
Authors: GIRGIS B. S. , YOUSSEF A. M. , ALAYA M. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Oberflächenaciditäten bzw., ‐basizitäten von 8 verschiedenen, bei 500‐800°C calcinierten SiO2 /MgO‐Proben werden durch Titration bestimmt, Allgemein werden niedrige Säurestärken gemessen (H0 = 2.0‐4.8)" Ein Aciditätsmaximum wird bei 30 mol‐"% MgO/500°C erreicht, Die Mehrzahl der aktiven Plätze ist nur schwach sauer.