bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelvic Morphology in Homo erectus and Early Homo
Authors: Churchill Steven Emilio , Vansickle Caroline 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe evolution of the hominin pelvis is generally seen as involving two broad stages: the establishment of bipedal pelvic morphology by the mid‐Pliocene (or earlier), followed by architectural changes necessary to enlarge the birth canal in response to increased encephalization in Pleistocene members of the genus Homo. Pelvic and proximal femoral morphology in early Homo (namely H. erectus) has been seen as transitional between these stages, reflecting structural changes necessitated by greater body size (and perhaps moderate increases in brain size) overlain upon a basically primitive pelvic architecture. Here we review the history of thought on the evolution of the pelvis in early Homo, as well as recent fossil discoveries that have improved our understanding of diversity in pelvic morphology in early Homo and late australopiths. These discoveries (1) suggest that the “femoropelvic complex” characteristic of H. erectus emerged after the divergence of various lineages of early Homo (that is, it is not plesiomorphic for the genus) and (2) raise questions about the role that evolutionary change in brain size in the genus Homo played in the emergence of derived features seen in the pelvis of modern humans. Anat Rec, 300:964–977, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How Did the Pelvis and Vertebral Column Become a Functional Unit during the Transition from Occasional to Permanent Bipedalism?
Authors: Tardieu Christine , Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Haeusler Martin 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe functional linkage between pelvis and spine remained long hidden to science. Here, we recount the history of research that led in 1992 to the discovery of the “angle of sacral incidence” by the team of G. Duval‐Beaupère. This angle, formed between a ray from the hip joint center to the superior sacral surface and the perpendicular to the sacral surface, was later called pelvic incidence. Specific to each individual, pelvic incidence is tightly correlated with the degree of lumbar lordosis. It is each individual's “signature” for an efficient sagittal balance since it represents the sum of two positional parameters, sacral slope and pelvic tilt. The simultaneous experimental determination of the trunk line of gravity permitted Duval‐Beaupère's team to elucidate the conditions of an efficient sagittal balance of the trunk on the lower limbs. We present an in vivo EOS study of eight spino‐pelvic parameters describing the sagittal balance in 131 adults. We observe a chain of correlations between the six angular parameters and discuss the functional significance of these results. We show that pelvic incidence increases and lumbar lordosis develops when the infant learns to walk, leading to a correlation between these parameters. This process of association between pelvis and spine might have acquired a solid genetic basis during hominid evolution by natural selection acting on both pelvis and spine. We suggest that this process of functional integration was only possible in the context of bipedal locomotion becoming permanent and stereotyped, expressed by a relatively invariant, periodic walking cycle. Anat Rec, 300:912–931, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution of the Human Pelvis
Authors: Rosenberg Karen R. , DeSilva Jeremy M. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTNo bone in the human postcranial skeleton differs more dramatically from its match in an ape skeleton than the pelvis. Humans have evolved a specialized pelvis, well‐adapted for the rigors of bipedal locomotion. Precisely how this happened has been the subject of great interest and contention in the paleoanthropological literature. In part, this is because of the fragility of the pelvis and its resulting rarity in the human fossil record. However, new discoveries from Miocene hominoids and Plio‐Pleistocene hominins have reenergized debates about human pelvic evolution and shed new light on the competing roles of bipedal locomotion and obstetrics in shaping pelvic anatomy. In this issue, 13 papers address the evolution of the human pelvis. Here, we summarize these new contributions to our understanding of pelvic evolution, and share our own thoughts on the progress the field has made, and the questions that still remain. Anat Rec, 300:789–797, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring Lateral Iliac Flare by Different Methods Risks Obscuring Evolutionary Changes in the Pelvis
Authors: Vansickle Caroline 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe orientation and morphology of the hominin ilium is functionally important for locomotion, yet no standard method exists for quantifying its lateral flare. This lack of standardization stems from fossil preservation issues and morphological differences between hominin species. Many techniques have been developed to measure flare based on what is preserved on a single fossil, but this makes comparisons between fossil species challenging. In some cases, methods developed based on australopith morphology are not appropriate for measuring the morphology in genus Homo. Lateral iliac flare is the angle between the iliac blade and the sagittal plane, and it affects the function and efficiency of the lesser gluteal muscles. Four different methods of quantifying lateral iliac flare are reviewed here, and assessed based on how well they reflect lateral iliac flare. The data show that these metrics measure different parts of the pelvis, none measures lateral iliac flare relative to the sagittal plane, and they yield different results for which fossil hominin is the most (or least) flared. This inconsistency puts paleoanthropologists at risk of misinterpreting the functional importance of lateral iliac flare in hominin evolution. I propose two paths forward to improve our assessment of flare: first, a geometric morphometric comparison of iliac blade variation would properly assess the full three‐dimensions of the ilium; second, in hominin fossils that are not complete or numerous enough to include in a geometric morphometric analysis, two‐dimensional measurements may still be used to assess functional differences in the ilium provided the researcher does not claim that they measure lateral iliac flare. Anat Rec, 300:956–963, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Schalungen für den Sichtbeton
Authors: Motzko Christoph , Löw Daniela 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDie moderne Schalungs‐ und Gerüsttechnik ermöglicht die Formgebung des Betons in Spektren einerseits zwischen einfachen geometrischen Körpern bis hin zu räumlich gekrümmten Freiformen und anderseits, in Bezug auf die Gestaltung, ohne Anforderungen bis hin zum béton brut oder glatten pigmentierten Betonflächen mit höchsten Sichtbetonanforderungen. Damit können Unikate gefertigt werden, welche für das Bauwesen charakteristisch sind. Die Planungs‐ und Produktionsprozesse des Sichtbetons werden im Rahmen komplexer Arbeitssysteme vollzogen, deren Bildung und Strukturierung kooperative Arbeitsformen, sorgfältiger Auswahl der beteiligten Personen nach Qualifikation, begründeter Selektion von Betriebsmitteln sowie präziser Definition von Arbeitsabläufen erfordert. Die Digitalisierung und die Anwendung der BIM‐Methodik können die Komplexität der Planungsprozesse reduzieren und die Steuerung der Produktion verbessern. Die Kenntnisse über die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Komponenten der Inputgrößen und den Elementen der Betriebsmittel können dazu beitragen, dass die vertraglich vereinbarte Beschaffenheit der Sichtbetonflächen erzielt wird. Zu beachten ist dabei, dass die Ästhetik des Sichtbetons nicht ausschließlich auf den Hochbau begrenzt ist, sondern ein wichtiges Gestaltungselement von Ingenieurbauwerken im Kontext der Präzisierungen der gegenwärtigen ZTV‐ING bildet.
Atypical antipsychotic therapy in Parkinson's disease psychosis: A retrospective study
Authors: Yuan Mei , Sperry Laura , Malhado‐Chang Norika , Duffy Alexandra , Wheelock Vicki , Farias Sarah , O'Connor Kevin , Olichney John , Shahlaie Kiarash , Zhang Lin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveParkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) is a frequent complication of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) with significant impact on quality of life and association with poorer outcomes. Atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are often used for the treatment of PDP; however, their use is often complicated by adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In this study, we present patients with PDP who were treated with the most commonly used atypical antipsychotic agents and review their respective ADRs.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out to include a total of 45 patients with iPD who visited a movement disorders clinic between 2006 and 2015. All PDP patients treated with atypical APDs were included in the analysis for their specific ADRs.ResultsForty‐five iPD patients (mean age of onset: 62.67 ± 9.86 years) were included, of those 10 patients had psychosis (mean age of onset: 76.80 ± 4.61 years). Of the 45 patients, 22.2% were found to have psychotic symptoms, of whom 70% had hallucinations, 20% had delusions, and 10% illusions. Seventy percent of psychotic symptoms occurred after ten or more years from diagnosis of iPD. PDP patients were treated with quetiapine, olanzapine, and risperidone separately or in combination, all of which were found to have certain ADRs.LimitationsThis study was limited by its retrospective study design and small sample size and with likely selection bias.ConclusionsThe prevalence of PDP is relatively high in older patients with iPD. The uses of the currently available atypical APDs in this patient population are often complicated by ADRs. The selective 5‐HT2A inverse agonist, pimavanserin, could be a better alternative in the treatment of PDP.
Sexual dysfunction in female patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bartnik Pawel , Wielgoś Aleksandra , Kacperczyk Joanna , Pisarz Katarzyna , Szymusik Iwona , Podlecka‐Piętowska Aleksandra , Zakrzewska‐Pniewska Beata , Wielgoś Miroslaw 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionSexual dysfunction (SD) is one of the common symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and is often underdiagnosed, especially in women. Relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is the most widespread form of the disease, but the data on SD occurrence in this particular group of patients is limited. The aim of the study was to analyze the associations between demographic factors, symptoms and signs of MS, psychiatric comorbidities and SD in female patients with RRMS.Material & MethodsA subgroup of 86 sexually active women with RRMS out of 218 total MS respondents was analyzed. Exclusion criteria included active relapse, EDSS score equal or higher than 6.5, and current pregnancy. All patients completed questionnaires including demographic data, questions about symptoms and signs of MS, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for sexual performance, Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ‐9) for depression, and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) for fatigue evaluation.ResultsAccording to FSFI, SD occurred in 21 (27.27%) of the respondents. SD occurrence was associated with depression (p < .05) and speech disturbances (p < .04). A negative effect on sexual performance was associated with depression intensity (p < .003), fatigue intensity (p < .05), more advanced age at diagnosis (p < .02), lower education level (p < .05), and smaller area of residence (p < .002).ConclusionsSD in women with RRMS is mostly associated with psychosocial parameters. Patients who are more depressed, presenting speech problems, less educated, and from smaller towns, should be considered high‐risk for sexual dysfunction.
Decrease in brain‐derived neurotrophic factor at plasma level but not in serum concentrations in suicide behavior: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Salas‐Magaña Marisol , Tovilla‐Zárate Carlos A. , González‐Castro Thelma B. , Juárez‐Rojop Isela E. , López‐Narváez María L. , Rodríguez‐Pérez José M. , Ramírez Bello Julián 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionSuicide is known as a major health concern worldwide. There is evidence for the role of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in suicide behavior. Therefore, this factor has been proposed as a biomarker for suicide behavior. Clinical studies have measured BDNF concentrations at central and peripheral levels. As a consequence, the aim of this study was to assess BDNF levels in blood plasma and serum to see whether there is a difference in concentrations in patients with suicide behavior when compared to those in controls, using a meta‐analysis approach.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis. The search strategy was performed using three databases: PubMed, EBSCO and ScienceDirect. The meta‐analysis included a total of nine case–control studies, six measured the BDNF level in serum and three in plasma in suicide behavior.ResultsA decrease in BDNF levels in plasma was observed (d = −0.73, 95% CI −1.42 to −0.03 pg/ml). In the case of serum concentrations, no BDNF differences were encountered between cases and controls (d = 0.09, 95% CI −0.31 to 0.13 ng/ml, p(Q) = .92).ConclusionsAccording to the results found in the present meta‐analysis, the plasma BDNF level could be suggest as a potential biomarker in suicide behavior. However, since the number of studies included in the analysis is limited, a larger number is necessary to determine conclusively the role of BDNF as a biomarker in suicide behavior.
Nomograms to estimate long‐term overall survival and tongue cancer‐specific survival of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Yun , Zhao Zhenyan , Liu Xiaoxiao , Ju Jun , Chai Juan , Ni Qianwei , Ma Chao , Gao Tao , Sun Moyi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to construct nomograms to predict long‐term overall survival (OS) and tongue cancer‐specific survival (TCSS) of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients based on clinical and tumor characteristics. Clinical, tumor, and treatment characteristics of 12,674 patients diagnosed with TSCC between 2004 and 2013 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. These patients were then divided into surgery and nonsurgery cohorts, and nomograms were developed for each of these groups. The step‐down method and cumulative incidence function were used for model selection to determine the significant prognostic factors associated with OS and TCSS. These prognostic variables were incorporated into nomograms. An external cohort was used to validate the surgery nomograms. Seven variables were used to create the surgery nomograms for OS and TCSS, which had c‐indexes of 0.709 and 0.728, respectively; for the external validation cohort, the c‐indexes were 0.691 and 0.711, respectively. Nine variables were used to create the nonsurgery nomograms for OS and TCSS, which had c‐indexes of 0.750 and 0.754, respectively. The calibration curves of the 5‐ and 8‐year surgery and nonsurgery nomograms showed excellent agreement between the probabilities and observed values. By incorporating clinicopathological and host characteristics in patients, we are the first to establish nomograms that accurately predict prognosis for individual patients with TSCC. These nomograms ought to provide more personalized and reliable prognostic information, and improve clinical decision‐making for TSCC patients.
Development of a Vivid FRET System Based on a Highly Emissive dG–dC Analogue Pair
Authors: Han Ji Hoon , Yamamoto Seigi , Park Soyoung , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA new type of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) system using highly emissive isomorphic nucleobase analogues is reported. The FRET pair consists of 2‐aminothieno[3,4‐d]pyrimidine G‐mimic deoxyribonucleoside (thdG) as an energy donor and 1,3‐diaza‐2‐oxophenothiazine (tC) as an energy acceptor. The distance and orientation between donor and acceptor was controlled by systematic incorporation of thdG and tC into DNA sequences to investigate the FRET efficiencies. This is the first Watson–Crick base‐pairable FRET pair to produce vivid colors. In addition, this nucleic acid‐based FRET pair was used to monitor DNA conformation and achieved visualization of the B–Z transition.
Ni/Ir‐Catalyzed Photoredox Decarboxylative Coupling of S‐Substituted Thiolactic Acids with Heteroaryl Bromides: Short Synthesis of Sulfoxaflor and Its SF5 Analog
Authors: Kanishchev Oleksandr S. , Dolbier William R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMetallaphotoredox cross‐coupling reactions have recently emerged as a powerful tool for the construction of C(sp2)−C(sp3) bonds between alkyl chains and aromatic systems, including electron‐deficient heteroaryls, which are known to be challenging coupling partners. In this article, we disclose the Ni/Ir‐catalyzed photoredox decarboxylative coupling of readily available S‐substituted thiolactic acids with electron‐deficient heteroaryl bromides, which resulted in the formation of simple but otherwise not easily accessible heteroarenes with alkylsulfide side chains. To demonstrate a practical use of this coupling reaction, we have shown its efficiency in the one‐step synthesis of a key intermediate in the synthesis of the recently marketed insecticide Sulfoxaflor, and for the short synthesis of SF5‐Sulfoxaflor.
GRAPLEr: A distributed collaborative environment for lake ecosystem modeling that integrates overlay networks, high‐throughput computing, and WEB services
Authors: Subratie Kensworth C. , Aditya Saumitra , Mahesula Srinivas , Figueiredo Renato , Carey Cayelan C. , Hanson Paul C. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe GLEON Research And PRAGMA Lake Expedition—GRAPLE—is a collaborative effort between computer science and lake ecology researchers. It aims to improve our understanding and predictive capacity of the threats to the water quality of our freshwater resources, including climate change. This paper presents GRAPLEr, a distributed computing system used to address the modeling needs of GRAPLE researchers. GRAPLEr integrates and applies overlay virtual network, high‐throughput computing, and WEB service technologies in a novel way. First, its user‐level IP‐over‐P2P overlay network allows compute and storage resources distributed across independently administered institutions (including private and public clouds) to be aggregated into a common virtual network, despite the presence of firewalls and network address translators. Second, resources aggregated by the IP‐over‐P2P virtual network run unmodified high‐throughput‐computing middleware to enable large numbers of model simulations to be executed concurrently across the distributed computing resources. Third, a WEB service interface allows end users to submit job requests to the system using client libraries that integrate with the R statistical computing environment. The paper presents the GRAPLEr architecture, describes its implementation and reports on its performance for batches of general lake model simulations across 3 cloud infrastructures (University of Florida, CloudLab, and Microsoft Azure).
Ancillary testing strategies in salivary gland aspiration cytology: A practical pattern‐based approach
Authors: Griffith Christopher C. , Siddiqui Momin T. , Schmitt Alessandra C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFine needle aspiration of salivary gland tumors is a common preoperative triage as it is useful in determining which patients should undergo surgical resection and in guiding the extent of surgery in those cases deemed appropriate for resection. While a specific diagnosis can be achieved on a cytologic specimen in many cases, there is also a considerable amount of morphologic diversity that prevents such confident preoperative classification and in these cases it can be a challenge to confidently determine if a tumor is benign or malignant. Recently, a pattern based risk stratification approach was proposed for salivary gland cytology in which basaloid neoplasms are separated by stromal characteristics and oncocytoid neoplasms are separated primarily by background material such as mucus. In addition to potentially providing a stratification in risk of malignancy for salivary gland tumors, this approach is also useful to narrow differential diagnostic considerations and guide ancillary testing. In this review we use this proposed pattern based approach as a framework to discuss immunostains and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies which we find useful in our practice.
Chondrosarcoma‐like metastasis from a poorly differentiated uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma. A unique morphology and diagnostic pitfall in cytology
Authors: Ikoma Shohei , Nicolas Marlo , Jagirdar Jaishree , Policarpio‐Nicolas Maria Luisa 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRare cases of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma with chondroid differentiation from esophageal primary have been reported but none from the uterine cervix. Given the rarity of this phenomenon and potential diagnostic pitfall, we present this unusual case. The patient is a 25‐year‐old woman who presented with shortness of breath. Computerized tomography (CT) showed several lung and pleural‐based nodules. CT‐guided core biopsy with touch preparations were performed on the pleural‐based nodule. The touch preparations showed large, spindle‐to‐oval shaped cells with pleomorphic nuclei embedded in metachromatic chondroid stroma. The core biopsies also showed predominantly round‐to‐spindle shaped cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and prominent nucleoli embedded in a cartilaginous matrix. Her past medical history is significant for a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, which on review showed a typical non‐keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma without sarcomatous differentiation. Immunohistochemical stains performed on the pleural‐based mass showed tumor positivity for AE1/AE3, CK5/6, p16, and S‐100. Similar results were seen when the cervical tumor was stained retrospectively. Human papilloma virus (HPV) in situ hybridization performed on both the pleural‐based mass and cervical tumor detected the presence of high‐risk HPV subtypes including 16 and 18. These findings supported a lung metastasis from the prior cervical carcinoma. This case emphasizes that cervical carcinoma can develop mesenchymal (chondrosarcomatous) differentiation in metastasis even in tumors presenting with pure epithelial phenotype. Awareness of this occurrence especially on limited cytology material, knowledge of the prior history and use of ancillary tests are extremely helpful in arriving at the correct diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:750–753. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.