bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer in Australia: Actual incidence data from 1982 to 2013 and mortality data from 1982 to 2014 with projections to 2017
Authors:   Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Published: September 2017

AbstractCancer is a major cause of illness in Australia and therefore ongoing monitoring of cancer in Australia is important. This study sources data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) and reports actual number of cases diagnosed and deaths, for all cancers combined and selected cancers, from 1982 to 2013 for incidence and from 1982 to 2014 for mortality, with projections to 2017 for both. It is estimated that 134 174 new cases of cancer (excluding basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin) will be diagnosed in 2017. The number of new cancer cases more than doubled from 47 414 in 1982. Prostate cancer is estimated to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males in 2017, whereas breast cancer is estimated to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in females. It is estimated that there will be 47 753 deaths from cancer in Australia in 2017. Although the mortality rate decreased, the number of people who died in Australia from cancer almost doubled from 24 922 in 1982. Lung cancer was the most common cause of cancer death in both males and females. In 2011, cancer was the leading cause of disease burden in Australia.
Reversing expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos in a grassland biodiversity hotspot: Hemiparasitic Rhinanthus major does a better job than increased mowing intensity
Authors: Těšitel Jakub , Mládek Jan , Fajmon Karel , Blažek Petr , Mudrák Ondřej 
Published: September 2017

AbstractQuestionsCan hemiparasitic Rhinanthus major originating from a local population suppress the competitive clonal grass Calamagrostis epigejos and reverse its expansion in species‐rich semi‐natural grasslands? Does sowing seeds of R. major facilitate restoration of target meadow vegetation? Is R. major more beneficial for biodiversity restoration/conservation than increased mowing intensity, a conventional measure to suppress C. epigejos?LocationČertoryje National Nature Reserve, Bílé Karpaty (White Carpathians) Protected Landscape Area, Czech Republic.MethodsWe conducted a before‐after‐control‐impact experiment in meadow patches heavily infested by C. epigejos: eight blocks, each containing four plots with four treatment combinations: (1) traditional management, i.e. mowing once in summer, (2) mowing in summer and autumn (3) mowing in summer and seed sowing of R. major, (4) mowing in summer and autumn and seed sowing of R. major. Above‐ground biomass of C. epigejos and vegetation composition of each of the plots were monitored every year from 2013 to 2016. To assess the effects of treatments, we analysed biomass production of C. epigejos, herb layer cover and vegetation composition.ResultsBoth sowing R. major and an additional autumn meadow cut significantly suppressed C. epigejos. Their effects were additive and of comparable size. Both treatments also had significant but markedly different effects on community composition. Rhinanthus major facilitated directional community composition change towards the regional Brachypodio‐Molinetum meadows. In contrast, increased mowing intensity significantly decreased frequency of threatened species, which however may have also been influenced by R. major.ConclusionsSowing of autochthonous R. major seeds was demonstrated as an efficient tool to suppress C. epigejos and facilitate community restoration. It can be combined with an additional meadow cut to further accelerate decline of the grass. The additional cut should however be used as a short‐term practice (1–2 years) only to minimize potential negative effects of its long‐term application on some threatened plant species. The effects of R. major are comparable to those of Rhinanthus alectorolophus reported previously. As a species occurring naturally in species‐rich dry grasslands, R. major has a broader and longer‐term application potential than R. alectorolophus in ecological restoration and conservation of these communities.
Are There Unexplained Financial Rewards for the Snakes in Suits? A Labour Market Analysis of the Dark Triad of Personality
Authors: Lindley Joanne Kathryn 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Big Five personality test is used to generate psychopathy, narcissism and Machiavellianism scores using a large UK individual level micro dataset. These scores show that high levels of narcissism and Machiavellianism can be associated with a higher incidence of employment in managerial occupations, while high levels of psychopathy are related to higher employment in the other services sector. The article finds a wage premium to Machiavellianism that is largest at the 90th percentile, over and above all productivity‐related explanations. The average hourly wage increase for a one‐point move up the Machiavellianism scale is around 2.1 per cent.
Should I just listen to you or change your mind too? Target's perceived efficacy of agents’ interpersonal affect improvement strategies
Authors: López‐Pérez Belén 
Published: September 2017

People shape and influence others’ emotions every day. If these attempts are perceived as successful, they may have a positive effect on people's relationships and well‐being. Across two studies, targets’ perceived efficacy of regulation strategies to improve their sadness and anxiety/stress has been investigated. In Study 1, participants (n = 120) were provided with two scenarios depicting sadness and anxiety/stress and asked to imagine themselves in these situations. Afterwards, they were provided with different regulation strategies and asked to rate their perceived efficacy to downregulate their sadness and anxiety. In Study 2, participants (n = 120) were asked to describe a situation where they felt sad and another one where they felt anxious. They were then provided with strategies aimed at reducing their sadness and anxiety. Results from both studies showed that whereas for sadness higher perceived efficacy was predicted by affective engagement, for anxiety/stress was predicted by cognitive engagement.
Indigenous knowledge and implications for the sustainable development agenda
Authors: Magni Giorgia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWith the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the international community committed to address a great number of challenges. Among those emphasised by the SDGs, some are highly relevant for indigenous groups. Education, poverty, access to justice and climate change are only a few of the issues affecting indigenous people's lives. Yet, indigenous groups are not passive actors. Despite being at the mercy of climate hazards and misleading political decisions, the knowledge system they have developed throughout the centuries has helped them to successfully respond to ecological and development challenges. By exploring indigenous cultures and their knowledge systems in greater depth, this article aims to understand how the sustainable development agenda can benefit from these different forms of traditional knowledge. More particularly, it will attempt to explain the main notions in which traditional knowledge is rooted and analyse means of knowledge maintenance and transmission. It will then explore the relationship between indigenous knowledge, sustainable practices and land and resource management, as well as climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction strategies. These ideas will be supported by a discussion on the need to guarantee indigenous people full access to land and justice in order for them to fully realise their rights. The conclusion reflects on the importance of fostering an integrated system of knowledge in which indigenous groups are involved in knowledge sharing practices and decision making processes.
A short report on tooth replacement in an older suburban population in Nigeria
Authors: Ibiyemi Olushola , Lawal Folake B. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo determine: the knowledge of the participants about removable dentures, importance of tooth replacement; prevalence of tooth loss and denture use; and factors associated with its non‐use among an elderly population in Nigeria.BackgroundTooth loss without replacement can impact negatively on the quality of life of the elders, thus making use of denture a basic requirement for those with partial or complete edentulous arches in developed countries. It is, however, not known if this is the case among elders in suburban Nigeria.Material and MethodsA cross‐section of 392 consenting elderly participants aged ≥65 years residing at Idikan, Ibadan, Nigeria, were interviewed on their biodata, knowledge of removable denture and importance of tooth replacement, history of use of denture and reasons for non‐use where applicable. Oral examinations for the presence of missing teeth and denture were conducted by an examiner. Data were analysed with SPSS and P value set at ˂.05.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 73 (SD = 9.2) years. About 39% of the participants believed that it was important to replace missing teeth, 56.0% had poor knowledge about tooth replacement options, and 47.7% had at least a missing tooth. Only 7.1% of those with missing teeth had them replaced and all were using removable acrylic partial dentures. Financial constraint was the main reason for non‐replacement of missing teeth (80.1%). Age, gender, occupation before retirement, income, level of education and presence of physical impairment were associated with non‐use of denture (P ˂ .05).ConclusionMany elderly individuals had poor knowledge about removable dentures and the importance of tooth replacement. About half of the participants had full complement of teeth and only 7.1% of those with tooth loss reported denture wear. Major reasons for non‐use of dentures were due to economic reasons.
Composition, microstructure, and friction behavior of PIRAC chromium carbide coatings prepared on Q235 and T/P 24
Authors: Wu Siyuan , Ma Shaojun , Wu Shoujun , Zhang Guoyun , Dong Ning 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChromium carbide coatings are prepared at 1173K (900°C) by powder immersion reaction‐assisted coating (PIRAC) on low carbon of steel Q235 and T/P 24, respectively. After 2 hours of the PIRAC treatment, the detected phases of the coating formed on the 2 substrates are different. After 4 hours of PIRAC treatment, Cr23C6 is the only detected carbide for both substrates. The morphologies of the Cr23C6 coating formed on the 2 substrates are different. The Cr23C6 coating prepared on Q235 has higher hardness and better sliding wear resistance against alumina ball specimens than that prepared on T/P 24. Formation mechanism of the PIRAC chromium carbide coatings is proposed and then difference of the produced coating is discussed.
HLA‐G gene 14‐bp deletion variant protects Iranian subjects against chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Eskandari E. , Dahmardeh T. , Safdari V. , Khosravi S. , Pahlevani E. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryTo investigate whether 14‐bp Ins/Del polymorphism in HLA‐G gene is associated with the risk of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. This study was performed on a total of 396 individuals including 199 CHB patients and 197 healthy subjects from a south‐east Iranian population. We genotyped 14‐bp Ins/Del polymorphism in the HLA‐G gene using polymerase chain reaction method. The results of our study revealed that the HLA‐G 14‐bp deletion polymorphism was associated with a reduced risk of CHB at both allele and genotypic levels. The 14‐bp Del allele and Ins/Del genotype were more frequent in control group than in CHB patients (37% vs 28% for Del allele with OR = 0.68 and p‐value = .015; 73% vs 52% for Ins/Del genotype with OR = 0.43 and p‐value = .001) and both were protective factors against CHB. However, no difference was found in the distribution of HLA‐G 14‐bp genotypes among subjects with varied levels of HBV DNA or hepatic enzymes (p > .05). Our findings, for the first time, suggest that the HLA‐G 14‐bp Ins/Del polymorphism may be a marker for genetic susceptibility to CHB infection.
What activities might facilitate personal recovery for adults who continue to self‐harm? A meta‐synthesis employing the connectedness/hope and optimism/identity/meaning/empowerment framework
Authors: Deering Kris , Williams Jo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSelf‐harm is an international concern. While treatment in health care focusses on methods to reduce the act, there is less exploration in how to assist adults who are unable to minimize their self‐harm. In order to aid these people, in the present systematic review, we employed a qualitative meta‐synthesis to explore the lived experience of what activities might facilitate personal recovery for adults who continue to self‐harm. Findings were interpreted by drawing on theCHIMEframework; a taxonomy of personal recovery comprising of connectedness, hope and optimism, identity, meaning and purpose, and empowerment. The located activities in the review converged on different support groups, and although face‐to‐face groups were discovered, the majority highlighted the benefits of Internet forums where mutuality and reciprocity were key to promoting personal recovery. Adults desired time to share accounts of themselves, to develop connection and identity. Furthermore, hope was established by group members accepting that self‐harm has a role, while congregating with others who did not judge the act. Helping relationships also promoted hope by having a balance between goals and protection against disappointment. The nature of writing online seemingly had cathartic properties fostering meaning, alongside empowerment being facilitated by adults controlling the narrative of their self‐harm. It is hoped that these insights might guide self‐harm research to develop beyond the confines of minimizing self‐injury in health care.
Compositional dependence of the optical properties of novel Ga–Sb–S–XI (XI = PbI2, CsI, AgI) infrared chalcogenide glasses
Authors: Huang Xinyu , Jiao Qing , Lin Changgui , Xu Tiefeng , Ma Hongli , Zhang Xianghua , Dai Shixun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA novel family of Ga2S3–Sb2S3–XI (XI = PbI2, CsI, AgI) was investigated to understand the role of metal halides and exploit new chalco‐halide glasses for infrared optics. The dependence of the thermal properties, infrared optical properties, and structural information of the novel family on different metal–iodines was investigated. Results showed that metal halides increase the glass stability but decrease the glass network connectivity. The compositional dependence of the short‐wave cut‐off edge is associated with the electronegativity difference between the cations and anions of the metal halides. Raman study showed that the metal–iodine modified the glass structure mainly through the iodide content, and the cations dissolved in the glass network mostly as charge compensators for the aperiodic network. For the glasses in the series Ga2S3–Sb2S3–XI–Dy3+, Dy3+ emission increased in the PbI2‐ and CsI‐doped glasses but decreased in the AgI‐doped glass due to the combined effect of dysprosium and oxygen. For all that, these novel glasses are highly promised for use in infrared optics.
Polymer‐derived ceramic aerogels as sorbent materials for the removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions
Authors: Bruzzoniti Maria C. , Appendini Marta , Rivoira Luca , Onida Barbara , Del Bubba Massimo , Jana Prasanta , Sorarù Gian Domenico 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPolymer‐derived SiC and SiOC aerogels have been synthesized and characterized both from the microstructural point of view and as sorbent materials for removing organic dyes (Methylene Blue, MB, and Rhodamine B, RB) from water solutions. Their adsorbent behavior has been compared with a polymer‐derived SiC foam and a commercial mesoporous silica. The aerogels can efficiently remove MB and RB from water solution and their capacity is higher compared to the SiC foams due to the higher surface area. The SiOC aerogel remains monolithic after the water treatment (allowing for an easy removal without the need of a filtration step) and its maximum capacity for removing MB is 42.2 mg/g, which is higher compared to the studied mesoporous silica and many C‐based porous adsorbents reported in the literature. The reason for this high adsorption capacity has been related to the unique structure of the polymer‐derived SiOC, which consists of an amorphous silicon oxycarbide network and a free carbon phase.
Fragmented QRS complex as a predictor of exercise‐related sudden cardiac death
Authors: Toukola Tomi , Junttila M. Juhani , Holmström Lauri T.A. , Haukilahti M. Anette , Tikkanen Jani T. , Terho Henri , Kenttä Tuomas V. , Aro Aapo L. , Anttonen Olli , Kerola Tuomas , Pakanen Lasse , Kortelainen Marja‐Leena , Kiviniemi Antti , Huikuri Heikki V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the association between electrocardiographic abnormalities and exercise‐related sudden cardiac death. Therefore, our aim was to identify possible electrocardiographic findings related to exercise‐induced sudden cardiac death.Methods and resultsThe FinGesture study includes 3,989 consecutive sudden cardiac deaths in northern Finland between 1998 and 2012, out of whom a total of 647 subjects had a previously recorded electrocardiography acquired from the archives of Oulu University Hospital. In 276 of these cases the death was witnessed, and the activity at the time of death was either rest or physical exercise (PE); in 40 (14%) cases sudden cardiac death was exercise‐related and in 236 (86%) cases death took place at rest. Fragmented QRS complex in at least two consecutive leads within anterior leads (V1‐V3) was more common in the exercise‐group compared to rest‐group (17 of 40, 43% vs. 51 of 236, 22%, P = 0.005). Pathologic Q wave in anterior leads was more common in the PE group (9 of 40, 23% vs. 26 of 236, 11%; P = 0.044). Median QRS duration was prolonged in the exercise‐group compared to the rest‐group (100 milliseconds vs. 94 milliseconds, P = 0.047). QTc interval, the prevalence of inverted T‐waves, or other electrocardiographic abnormalities did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionsAs a conclusion, fragmented QRS complex in the anterior leads is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death during PE.
Salt intake and blood pressure response to percutaneous renal denervation in resistant hypertension
Authors: de Beus Esther , de Jager Rosa L. , Beeftink Martine M. , Sanders Margreet F. , Spiering Wilko , Vonken Evert‐Jan , Voskuil Michiel , Bots Michiel L. , Blankestijn Peter J. ,   the SYMPATHY study group
Published: September 2017

The effect of lowering sympathetic nerve activity by renal denervation (RDN) is highly variable. With the exception of office systolic blood pressure (BP), predictors of the BP‐lowering effect have not been identified. Because dietary sodium intake influences sympathetic drive, and, conversely, sympathetic activity influences salt sensitivity in hypertension, we investigated 24‐hour urinary sodium excretion in participants of the SYMPATHY trial. SYMPATHY investigated RDN in patients with resistant hypertension. Both 24‐hour ambulatory and office BP measurements were end points. No relationship was found for baseline sodium excretion and change in BP 6 months after RDN in multivariable‐adjusted regression analysis. Change in the salt intake–measured BP relationships at 6 months vs baseline was used as a measure for salt sensitivity. BP was 8 mm Hg lower with similar salt intake after RDN, suggesting a decrease in salt sensitivity. However, the change was similar in the control group, and thus not attributable to RDN.
The importance of frequent return visits and hypertension control among US young adults: a multidisciplinary group practice observational study
Authors: King Cecile C. , Bartels Christie M. , Magnan Elizabeth M. , Fink Jennifer T. , Smith Maureen A. , Johnson Heather M. 
Published: September 2017

Young adults (aged 18 to 39 years) have the lowest hypertension control rates compared with older adults. Shorter follow‐up encounter intervals are associated with faster hypertension control rates in older adults; however, optimal intervals are unknown for young adults. The study objective was to evaluate the relationship between ambulatory blood pressure encounter intervals (average number of provider visits with blood pressures over time) and hypertension control rates among young adults with incident hypertension. A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients aged 18 to 39 years (n = 2990) with incident hypertension using Kaplan‐Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards analyses over 24 months. Shorter encounter intervals were associated with higher hypertension control: <1 month (91%), 1 to 2 months (76%), 2 to 3 months (65%), 3 to 6 months (40%), and >6 months (13%). Young adults with shorter encounter intervals also had lower medication initiation, supporting the effectiveness of lifestyle modifications. Sustainable interventions for timely young adult follow‐up are essential to improve hypertension control in this hard‐to‐reach population.
An Economic Model of Professional Doula Support in Labor in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Hanley Gillian E. , Lee Lily 
Published: September 2017

IntroductionSpending on care in childbirth represents a sizable portion of health care budgets. This has engendered a growing interest in potential clinical tools that could be used to improve patient experience and population health at a lower cost. A possible such tool is continuous support in labor from a trained doula, as doula care can decrease the likelihood of cesarean birth, epidural analgesia, and assisted vaginal birth. In addition, there is some emerging evidence suggesting that involving doulas in prenatal care can reduce rates of preterm birth.MethodsWe used data on the associations between doula care and these outcomes derived from a Cochrane review of continuous labor support to create an economic model of universal doula support in the Canadian province of British Columbia. These relative risks were used to estimate procedure reductions and the resulting cost savings using data on the number of relevant procedures performed from Perinatal Services BC coupled with cost information from the Canadian Institutes for Health Information.ResultsFor the calendar year 2013, we estimated savings in Canadian dollars (CaD) of CaD $10,428,171 (95% confidence interval [CI], $5,430,650‐$14,434,740) if every low‐risk birth were attended by a professional doula, not including the cost of the doula's services. Including reduction in preterm birth increases total savings to CaD $17,847,370 (95% CI, $6,772,341‐$27,054,610). A professional doula providing labor support would yield an estimated savings of CaD $269.55 (95% CI, $141.70‐$374.14) per low‐risk birth or CaD $418.67 (95% CI, $158.87‐$634.65) if including reductions in preterm birth. Any cost savings disappear at a doula reimbursement rate above CaD $418.67 per birth.DiscussionThere is potential to reduce health care costs while improving patient experience and population health by providing universal doula coverage. However, our results suggest that reimbursement rates for doulas would have to be lower than the current range (CaD $300‐$1500).
Dermal Filler Presenting as Lobular Radiopacities in an Edentulous Patient: A Clinical Report
Authors: Koka Sreenivas , Shah Kumar , Mallya Sanjay 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis clinical report describes the unusual appearance of radiopacities, lobular in nature, observed on a dental panoramic image of an edentulous patient. Upon questioning, the patient described a history of recently having hydroxylapatite‐based dermal filler placed in her right and left cheeks to reduce wrinkles and enhance cosmetic appearance. The localization and shape of the radiopacities were consistent with the placement of the dermal filler.