bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Happened to My Patient? An Educational Intervention to Facilitate Postdischarge Patient Follow-Up
Authors: Narayana Sirisha , Rajkomar Alvin , Harrison James D. , Valencia Victoria , Dhaliwal Gurpreet , Ranji Sumant R. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBackground Following up on patients' clinical courses after hospital discharge may enhance physicians' learning and care of future patients. Barriers to this practice for residents include time constraints, discontinuous training environments, and difficulty accessing patient information.Objective We designed an educational intervention facilitating informed self-assessment and reflection through structured postdischarge follow-up of patients' longitudinal clinical courses. We then examined the experience of interns who received this intervention in a mixed methods study.Methods Internal medicine interns on a 4-week patient safety rotation received lists of hospitalized patients they had cared for earlier in the year. They selected patients for chart review and completed a guided reflection worksheet for each patient reviewed. Interns then discussed lessons learned in a faculty-led group debrief session.Results Of 62 eligible interns, 62 (100%) participated in this intervention and completed 293 reflection worksheets. We analyzed worksheets and transcripts from 6 debrief sessions. Interns reported that postdischarge patient follow-up was valuable for their professional development, and helped them understand the natural history of disease and patients' illness experiences. After reviewing their patients' clinical courses, interns stated that they would advocate for earlier end-of-life counseling, improve care transitions, and adjust their clinical decision-making for similar patients in the future.Conclusions Our educational intervention created the time, space, and structure for postdischarge patient follow-up. It was well received by participants, and is an opportunity for experiential learning.
An Introduction to Mathematical Statistics
Authors: Bijma Fetsje , Jonker Marianne , Vaart Aad ,   Stichting Epsilon Uitgaven, Erné Reinie 
Published: August 2017

Statistics is the science that focuses on drawing conclusions from data, by modeling and analyzing the data using probabilistic models. In 'An Introduction to Mathematical Statistics' the authors describe key concepts from statistics and give a mathematical basis for important statistical methods. Much attention is paid to the sound application of those methods to data.
The three main topics in statistics are estimators, tests, and confidence regions. The authors illustrate these in many examples, with a separate chapter on regression models, including linear regression and analysis of variance. They also discuss the optimality of estimators and tests, as well as the selection of the best-fitting model.Each chapter ends with a case study in which the described statistical methods are applied.
This book assumes a basic knowledge of probability theory, calculus, and linear algebra.
Multivariate anomaly detection for Earth observations: a comparison of algorithms and feature extraction techniques
Authors: Flach Milan , Gans Fabian , Brenning Alexander , Denzler Joachim , Reichstein Markus , Rodner Erik , Bathiany Sebastian , Bodesheim Paul , Guanche Yanira , Sippel Sebastian , Mahecha Miguel D. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Today, many processes at the Earth's surface are constantly monitored by multiple data streams. These observations have become central to advancing our understanding of vegetation dynamics in response to climate or land use change. Another set of important applications is monitoring effects of extreme climatic events, other disturbances such as fires, or abrupt land transitions. One important methodological question is how to reliably detect anomalies in an automated and generic way within multivariate data streams, which typically vary seasonally and are interconnected across variables. Although many algorithms have been proposed for detecting anomalies in multivariate data, only a few have been investigated in the context of Earth system science applications. In this study, we systematically combine and compare feature extraction and anomaly detection algorithms for detecting anomalous events. Our aim is to identify suitable workflows for automatically detecting anomalous patterns in multivariate Earth system data streams. We rely on artificial data that mimic typical properties and anomalies in multivariate spatiotemporal Earth observations like sudden changes in basic characteristics of time series such as the sample mean, the variance, changes in the cycle amplitude, and trends. This artificial experiment is needed as there is no gold standard for the identification of anomalies in real Earth observations. Our results show that a well-chosen feature extraction step (e.g., subtracting seasonal cycles, or dimensionality reduction) is more important than the choice of a particular anomaly detection algorithm. Nevertheless, we identify three detection algorithms (k-nearest neighbors mean distance, kernel density estimation, a recurrence approach) and their combinations (ensembles) that outperform other multivariate approaches as well as univariate extreme-event detection methods. Our results therefore provide an effective workflow to automatically detect anomalies in Earth system science data.
A IDEIA DE NAÇÃO E A HIPERMILITARIZAÇÃO: ASPECTOS SOCIOLÓGICOS E POLÍTICOS
Authors: Bordin Marcelo , Moraes Pedro Rodolfo Bodê de 
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discutir a ideia de hipermilitarização e seus aspectos sociais e políticos na questão da segurança pública, buscando interpretar se esse tema é um projeto em curso para a manutenção do status quo desse modelo de democracia inacabada. O exercício comparativo nessa perspectiva pretende evitar “lugares comuns” já largamente percorridos por teorias maximizantes, tidas como de longo alcance, a exemplo do referencial marxista que acaba por restringir as análises ao campo das relações macroeconômicas. Segundo a abordagem aqui adotada, as frequências indicam mais transições do que padrões fixos e estanques, a ver a estrutura social, mas também a inter-relação possibilitaria evidenciar detalhes particulares e variáveis com maior potencial analítico.
ACM en ziekenhuisfusies: hoeder van het publiek belang?
Authors: Loozen Edith 
Published: August 2017

ACM en ziekenhuisfusies: hoeder van het publiek belang?
Mededingingstoezicht op ziekenhuisfusies moet waarborgen dat ziekenhuizen de kwaliteit, toegankelijkheid en betaalbaarheid van zorg bevorderen. Dit artikel onderzoekt of ACM die taak waarmaakt. Dat gebeurt vanuit het perspectief van de burger, de consument en de ondernemer.
Badanie satysfakcji pracowników jako narzędzie do lepszego zdiagnozowania sytuacji w organizacji w procesie wprowadzania zmian
Authors: Wolińska-Skuza Agnieszka , Skuza Marek 
Published: August 2017

Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, jakie narzędzia warto zastosować do zdiagnozowania sytuacji w organizacji w procesie wprowadzania zmian w kontekście wyzwań, przed którymi znajdują się współczesne firmy. Wykorzystane w artykule dane, pochodzą z przeprowadzonego badania klimatu organizacji i satysfakcji pracowników, które odbyło się w grudniu 2011 r. w międzynarodowym zakładzie produkcyjnym w branży samochodowej. W artykule została postawiona teza, że warunkiem zmiany jest kompleksowa diagnoza organizacji, której można dokonać poprzez przeprowadzenie badania satysfakcji pracowników. Tego typu badanie pozwala poznać co dla organizacji i jej pracowników jest kluczowe w procesie wdrażania zmian oraz w jaki sposób przygotować się do tego procesu, żeby zminimalizować opór wobec podejścia do zmian i stworzyć warunki do podniesienia satysfakcji z pracy wśród pracowników.
Analysis of Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 in Infant and Adult Nutritional Formulas by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Multilaboratory Testing Study
Authors: Gill Brendon D , Indyk Harvey E 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A multilaboratory testing study was conducted on AOAC First Action Method 2016.05 “Analysis of Vitamin D2and Vitamin D3in Fortified Milk Powders, Infant Formulas, and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formulas by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.” Nine laboratories participated in the analysis of duplicate samples of 20 nutritional products. The samples were saponified at high temperature with lipid-soluble components extracted into isooctane; an aliquot was washed and vitamin D derivatized with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione to form a high-molecular mass, easily ionizable adduct, extracted into acetonitrile and analyzed by reversed-phase LC-tandem MS. Stable isotope-labeled internal standards were used for quantitation to correct for losses in extraction and variation in derivatization and ionization efficiencies. Acceptable precision as RSD was demonstrated; repeatability ranged from 1.9 to 5.8% RSDr and reproducibility values ranged from 6.4 to 12.7% RSDR, with samples meeting the precision limits specified in the vitamin D Standard Method Performance Requirements and the guidelines recommended for the Horwitz ratio. Method accuracy was assessed using NIST 1849a Standard Reference Material, with a P-value of 0.32, indicating an absence of bias against the certified value. As expected, placebo samples not fortified with vitamin D returned negligible results.
A new species of freshwater flatworm (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dendrocoelidae) inhabiting a chemoautotrophic groundwater ecosystem in Romania
Authors: Stocchino Giacinta Angela , Sluys Ronald , Kawakatsu Mahasaru , Sarbu Serban Mircea , Manconi Renata 
Published: August 2017

We report the description of a new species of freshwater flatworm of the genus Dendrocoelum inhabiting the chemoautotrophic ecosystem of Movile Cave as well as several sulfidic wells in the nearby town of Mangalia, thus representing the first planarian species fully described from this extreme biotope. The species was also found in non-sulfidic wells localized in villages in the vicinity of the cave with a total of nine examined populations. Dendrocoelum obstinatum Stocchino & Sluys, sp. nov. represents the first triclad being able to live in both sulfidic and non-sulfidic waters. Among the fauna of the Mangalia sulfidic ecosystem it is the only species found also outside of the current boundaries of the sulfidic aquifer. One possible explanation of this peculiar distribution is that the new species is limited to the old boundaries of the sulfidic aquifer. The latter became much smaller during the hydrogeological history of the region, so that D. obstinatum may be considered to be an indicator of the extension of the sulfidic aquifer in the past of the Mangalia region. In the context of a biogeographic discussion on the distribution of the genus Dendrocoelum we provide an annotated checklist of species reported from Romania.
Tracking senescence‐induced patterns in leaf litter leachate using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling and self‐organizing maps
Authors: Wheeler K. I. , Levia D. F. , Hudson J. E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn autumn, the dissolved organic matter (DOM) contribution of leaf litter leachate to streams in forested watersheds changes as trees undergo resorption, senescence, and leaf abscission. Despite its biogeochemical importance, little work has investigated how leaf litter leachate DOM changes throughout autumn and how any changes might differ interspecifically and intraspecifically. Since climate change is expected to cause vegetation migration, it is necessary to learn how changes in forest composition could affect DOM inputs via leaf litter leachate. We examined changes in leaf litter leachate fluorescent DOM (FDOM) from American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) leaves in Maryland, Rhode Island, Vermont, and North Carolina and from yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) leaves from Maryland. FDOM in leachate samples was characterized by excitation‐emission matrices (EEMs). A six‐component parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model was created to identify components that accounted for the majority of the variation in the data set. Self‐organizing maps (SOM) compared the PARAFAC component proportions of leachate samples. Phenophase and species exerted much stronger influence on the determination of a sample's SOM placement than geographic origin. As expected, FDOM from all trees transitioned from more protein‐like components to more humic‐like components with senescence. Percent greenness of sampled leaves and the proportion of tyrosine‐like component 1 were found to be significantly different between the two genetic beech clusters, suggesting differences in photosynthesis and resorption. Our results highlight the need to account for interspecific and intraspecific variations in leaf litter leachate FDOM throughout autumn when examining the influence of allochthonous inputs to streams.
The influence of sulfur on the electrical resistivity of hcp iron: Implications for the core conductivity of Mars and Earth
Authors: Suehiro Sho , Ohta Kenji , Hirose Kei , Morard Guillaume , Ohishi Yasuo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCosmochemical and geochemical studies suggest sulfur (S) as a light alloying element in the iron‐rich cores of telluric planets, but there is no report of sulfur's alloying effect on the electrical and thermal transport properties of iron (Fe); a subject that is closely related to the dynamo action and thermal evolution of planetary cores. We measured the electrical resistivity of hexagonal‐closed‐packed (hcp) structured Fe alloy containing 3 wt. % silicon (Si) and 3 wt. % S up to 110 GPa at 300 K. Combined with the reported resistivities of hcp Fe and hcp Fe‐Si alloy, we determined the impurity resistivity of S in a hcp Fe matrix at high pressures. The obtained impurity resistivity of S is found to be smaller than that of Si. Therefore, S is a weaker influence on the conductivity of Fe alloy, even if S is a major light element in the planetary cores.
Continuum cavity expansion and discrete micromechanical models for inferring macroscopic snow mechanical properties from cone penetration data
Authors: Ruiz Siul , Capelli Achille , van Herwijnen Alec , Schneebeli Martin , Or Dani 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDigital cone penetration measurements can be used to infer snow mechanical properties, for instance, to study snow avalanche formation. The standard interpretation of these measurements is based on statistically inferred micromechanical interactions between snow microstructural elements and a well‐calibrated penetrating cone. We propose an alternative continuum model to derive the modulus of elasticity and yield strength of snow based on the widely used cavity expansion model in soils. We compare results from these approaches based on laboratory cone penetration measurements in snow samples of different densities and structural sizes. Results suggest that the micromechanical model underestimates the snow elastic modulus for dense samples by 2 orders of magnitude. By comparison with the cavity expansion‐based model, some of the discrepancy is attributed to low sensitivity of the micromechanical model to the snow elastic modulus. Reasons and implications of this discrepancy are discussed, and possibilities to enhance both methodologies are proposed.
Exploiting LF/MF signals of opportunity for lower ionospheric remote sensing
Authors: Higginson‐Rollins Marc A. , Cohen Morris B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe introduce a method to diagnose and track the D region ionosphere (60–100 km). This region is important for long‐distance terrestrial communication and is impacted by a variety of geophysical phenomena, but it is traditionally very difficult to detect. Modern remote sensing methods used to study the D region are predominately near the very low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) band, with some work also done in the high‐frequency and very high frequency bands (HF/VHF, 3–300 MHz). However, the frequency band between VLF and HF has been largely ignored as a diagnostic tool for the ionosphere. In this paper, we evaluate the use of 300 kHz radio reflections as a diagnostic tool for characterizing the D region of the ionosphere. We present radio receiver data, analyze diurnal trends in the signal from these transmitters, and identify ionospheric disturbances impacting LF/MF propagation. We find that 300 kHz remote sensing may allow a unique method for D region diagnostics compared to both the VLF and HF/VHF frequency bands, due to a more direct ionospheric reflection coefficient calculation method with high temporal resolution without the use of forward modeling.
Coordinated observations of two types of diffuse auroras near magnetic local noon by Magnetospheric Multiscale mission and ground all‐sky camera
Authors: Han D.‐S. , Li J.‐X. , Nishimura Y. , Lyons L. R. , Bortnik J. , Zhou M. , Liu J.‐J. , Hu Z.‐J. , Hu H.‐Q. , Yang H.‐G. , Fuselier S. A. , Le Contel O. , Ergun R. E. , Malaspina D. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Pollock C. J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractStructured diffuse auroras are often observed near magnetic local noon (MLN), but their generation mechanisms are poorly understood. We have found that two types of structured diffuse auroras with obviously different dynamical properties often coexist near MLN. One type usually drifts from low to high latitude with higher speed and shows pulsation. The other type is always adjacent to the discrete aurora oval and drifts together with nearby discrete aurora with much lower speed. Using coordinated observations from MMS and ground all‐sky imagers, we found that the two types of diffuse auroras are well correlated with number density increase of O+ (from the ionosphere) and of He2+ (from magnetosheath) ions, respectively. These observations indicate that mangetosheath particles penetrated into the magnetosphere also can play an important role for producing the dayside diffuse aurora. In addition, for the first time, electron cyclotron harmonic waves are observed associated with dayside diffuse aurora.
Episodic inflation events at Akutan Volcano, Alaska, during 2005–2017
Authors: Ji Kang Hyeun , Yun Sang‐Ho , Rim Hyoungrea 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDetection of weak volcano deformation helps constrain characteristics of eruption cycles. We have developed a signal detection technique, called the Targeted Projection Operator (TPO), to monitor surface deformation with Global Positioning System (GPS) data. We have applied the TPO to GPS data collected at Akutan Volcano from June 2005 to March 2017 and detected four inflation events that occurred in 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2016 with inflation rates of about 8–22 mm/yr above the background trend at a near‐source site AV13. Numerical modeling suggests that the events should be driven by closely located sources or a single source in a shallow magma chamber at a depth of about 4 km. The inflation events suggest that magma has episodically accumulated in a shallow magma chamber.
Deep crustal melt plumbing of Bárðarbunga volcano, Iceland
Authors: Hudson T. S. , White R. S. , Greenfield T. , Ágústsdóttir T. , Brisbourne A. , Green R. G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUnderstanding magmatic plumbing within the Earth's crust is important for understanding volcanic systems and improving eruption forecasting. We discuss magma plumbing under Bárðarbunga volcano, Iceland, over a 4 year period encompassing the largest Icelandic eruption in 230 years. Microseismicity extends through the usually ductile region of the Earth's crust, from 7 to 22 km depth in a subvertical column. Moment tensor solutions for an example earthquake exhibits opening tensile crack behavior. This is consistent with the deep (>7 km) seismicity being caused by the movement of melt in the normally aseismic crust. The seismically inferred melt path from the mantle source is offset laterally from the center of the Bárðarbunga caldera by ~12 km, rather than lying directly beneath it. It is likely that an aseismic melt feed also exists directly beneath the caldera and is aseismic due to elevated temperatures and pervasive partial melt under the caldera.
Cytoskeletal Requirements duringArabidopsisTrichome Development
Authors: Beilstein Mark , Szymanski Dan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionTrichome MorphogenesisArabidopsisTrichome DevelopmentArabidopsisTrichome MorphogenesisGenetics of Trichome MorphogenesisConcluding RemarksAcknowledgements
Infection with Potyviruses
Authors: Rajamäki Minna‐Liisa , Mäki‐Valkama Tuula , Mäkinen Kristiina , Valkonen Jari P.T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areInfection Cycle (General Summary)Architecture of VirionsEntry of Virions into the Cell, Disassembly and AssemblyTranslation and Polyprotein ProcessingRNASynthesis and Viral Genome ReplicationVirus MovementInduction of SymptomsTransmissionVariability and EvolutionAcknowledgments
Fungal Pathogenesis in the Rice Blast FungusMagnaporthe Grisea
Authors: Xue Chaoyang , Li Lei , Seong Kyeyong , Xu Jin‐Rong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionLife Cycle ofMagnaporthe GriseaConidium Attachment and GerminationAppressorium MorphogenesisPenetrationInfectious Growth and Lesion FormationConidiationGenomics StudiesFuture Perspectives
ThePhytophthora Infestans–Potato Interaction
Authors: van West Pieter , Vleeshouwers Vivianne G.A.A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionHistory of Late BlightEconomic and Social Impact ofPhytophthoraPlant PathogensPhytophthora Infestansand its Taxonomic PositionThe Disease Cycle ofPhytophthora InfestansThe Plant ResponseFuture PerspectivesAcknowledgements
Mechanisms of Cell Polarity Establishment and Polar Auxin Transport
Authors: Molendijk Arthur J. , Tietz Olaf , Ruperti Benedetto , Paponov Ivan A. , Palme Klaus 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionRoot HairsRhoGTPasesSpecific Gene Expression in Root Hair FormationDoes Rop Localise Secretion at the Future Bud Site?PINProteins and Cell PolarityAcknowledgements
Polarity in Single Cells: Root Hairs, Epidermal Pavement Cells and Trichomes
Authors: Falk Stefanie , Mathur Jaideep , Hülskamp Martin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areThree Steps to Single Cell PolarityRoot Hairs and Pollen TubesEpidermal Pavement CellsTrichomesMolecular Analysis of the Branching Genes Likely to be Involved in Polarity EstablishmentMolecular Analysis of Branching Genes Likely to be Involved in Polarity FixationMolecular Analysis of the Genes Involved in Growth Directionality
From Polarity to Pattern: Early Development in Fucoid Algae
Authors: Brownlee Colin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionPhotopolarization: Translating a Unidirectional Light Signal into Spatial InformationDownstream of Light Perception: Actin andCa2+Polarization and the Cell CyclePolarized Signalling and Cell Fate in the Multicellular Embryo: Positional Information and Cell‐Cell CommunicationConclusionsAcknowledgements
Establishment of Polarity in Lateral Organs of Seed Plants
Authors: Bowman John L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionEarly Dissection ExperimentsNext to the MeristemIn the Realm ofmicroRNAsAway from the MeristemFrom the Leaf Back to the MeristemPhylogenetic PerspectiveAcknowledgements
The Genomic Era of Chloroplast Research
Authors: Leister Dario , Pesaresi Paolo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionChloroplast ProteomicsExperimental Identification of the Chloroplast ProteomeComparative Genome Analyses and Chloroplast EvolutionMutants for Chloroplast FunctionTranscriptomicsAcknowledgements