bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiphase Rate-Transient Analysis in Unconventional Reservoirs: Theory and Application
Authors: Uzun Ilkay , Kurtoglu Basak , Kazemi Hossein 
Published: May 2016

Summary
In unconventional reservoirs, production data are generally analyzed by use of rate-transient techniques derived from single-phase linear-flow models. Such linear-flow models use rate-normalized pressure, which is pressure drop divided by reservoir-flow rate vs. square root of time. In practice, the well-fluid production includes water, oil, and gas. The oil can be light oil, volatile oil, and gas/condensate as in the Bakken, Eagle Ford, and Barnett, respectively. Thus, single-phase analysis needs modification to account for production of fluid mixtures.
In this paper, we present a multiphase-pressure-diffusivity equation to analyze multiphase flow in single- and dual-porosity models of unconventional reservoirs. Our approach is similar to the work presented by Perrine (1956); however, our approach has a theoretical foundation, whereas Perrine (1956) used pragmatic engineering analogy for constant flow rate in vertical wells only. In addition to oil, gas, and formation brine, our method accounts for gas/condensate production, and the flowback of the injected hydraulic-fracturing fluids. Overall, our proposed approach is more comprehensive than the single-phase models but maintains the simplicity of the conventional methods.
Our paper includes diagnostic plots of rate-normalized well pressure for light oils and gas/condensates in unconventional reservoirs. Data from two Bakken and two Eagle Ford wells will be presented to demonstrate the usefulness of our approach. In addition to the mathematical analysis of flow-rate and pressure data, we will present the effect of well-stimulation and fluid-lift methods on the flow-rate characteristics of Bakken and Eagle Ford wells.
From Yellowstone to Australia and New Zealand: National Parks 2.0
Authors: Frost Warwick , Laing Jennifer 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Following the establishment of the world's first national park at Yellowstone (USA) in 1872, the concept was rapidly transferred to Australia, New Zealand and Canada. This article examines this second wave of adoption – and adaption – focussing on five case studies from Australia and New Zealand. While Yellowstone provided the inspiration for further national parks and protected areas, what was developed was often very different from the American template. Some of these national parks were quite small and some primarily orientated towards recreation. The New Zealand examples were profoundly shaped by interactions with the indigenous peoples, whereas the Australian ones were not. By early in the twentieth century, this second wave was beginning to focus on protecting specific ecosystems and wildlife, developments well in advance of the USA at that time. In taking the Yellowstone model and greatly adapting it for a variety of different social, political and physical environments, this second wave laid the foundations for the internationalisation of the national parks concept.
Loose associations to increase utility in data publishing
Authors: De Capitani di Vimercati Sabrina , Foresti Sara , Jajodia Sushil , Livraga Giovanni , Paraboschi Stefano , Samarati Pierangela 
Published: May 2016

Data fragmentation has been proposed as a solution for protecting the confidentiality of sensitive associations when releasing data for publishing or external storage. To enrich the utility of data fragments, a recent approach has put forward the idea of complementing a pair of fragments with some (non-precise, hence loose) information on the association between them. Starting from the observation that in presence of multiple fragments the publication of several independent associations between pairs of fragments can cause improper leakage of sensitive information, in this paper we extend loose associations to operate over an arbitrary number of fragments. We first illustrate how the publication of multiple loose associations between different pairs of fragments can potentially expose sensitive associations, and describe an approach for defining loose associations among an arbitrary set of fragments. We investigate how tuples in fragments can be grouped for producing loose associations so to increase the utility of queries executed over fragments. We then provide a heuristics for performing such a grouping and producing loose associations satisfying a given level of protection for sensitive associations, while achieving utility for queries over different fragments. We also illustrate the result of an extensive experimental effort over both synthetic and real datasets, which shows the efficiency and the enhanced utility provided by our proposal.
Behavior-based access control for distributed healthcare systems
Authors: Yarmand Mohammad H. , Sartipi Kamran , Down Douglas G. 
Published: May 2016

Sensitivity of clinical data and strict rules regarding data sharing have caused privacy and security to be critical requirements for using patient profiles in distributed healthcare systems. The amalgamation of new information technology with traditional healthcare workflows for sharing patient profiles has made the whole system vulnerable to privacy and security breaches. Standardization organizations are developing specifications to satisfy the required privacy and security requirements. In this paper we present a novel access control model compliant with healthcare standards based on a framework designed for data and service interoperability in the healthcare domain. The proposed model for customizable access control captures the dynamic behavior of the user and determines access rights accordingly. The model is generic and flexible in the sense that an access control engine dynamically receives security effective parameters from the subject user, and identifies the privilege level in accessing data using different specialized components within the engine. Standard data representation formats and ontologies are used to make the model compatible with different healthcare systems. The access control engine employs an approach to follow the user's behavior and navigates among engine components to provide the user's privilege to access a resource. A simulation environment is implemented to evaluate and test the proposed model.
Comparison of open reduction versus minimally invasive surgical approaches on screw position in canine sacroiliac lag-screw fixation
Authors: Marturello Danielle , Guiot Laurent , Guillou Reunan , DeCamp Charles , Déjardin Loïc 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Objective: To compare accuracy and consistency of sacral screw placement in canine pelves treated for sacroiliac luxation with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or minimally invasive osteosynthesis (MIO) techniques.
Methods: Unilateral sacroiliac luxations created experimentally in canine cadavers were stabilized with an iliosacral lag screw applied via ORIF or MIO techniques (n = 10/group). Dorsoventral and craniocaudal screw angles were measured using computed tomography multiplanar reconstructions in transverse and dorsal planes, respectively. Ratios between pilot hole length and sacral width (PL/SW-R) were obtained. Data between groups were compared statistically (p <0.05).
Results: Mean screw angles (±SD) were greater in ORIF specimens in both transverse (p <0.001) and dorsal planes (p <0.004). Mean PL/SW-R was smaller (p <0.001) in the ORIF group, yet was greater than 60%. While pilot holes exited the first sacral end-plate in three of 10 ORIF specimens, the spinal canal was not violated in either group.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that MIO fixation of canine sacroiliac luxations provides more accurate and consistent sacral screw placement than ORIF. With proper techniques, iatrogenic neurological damage can be avoided with both techniques. The PL /SW-R, which relates to safe screw fixation, also demonstrates that screw penetration of at least 60% of the sacral width is achievable regardless of surgical approach. These findings, along with the limited dissection needed for accurate sacral screw placement, suggest that MIO of sacroiliac luxations is a valid alternative to ORIF.
UPPER LIMITS FROM FIVE YEARS OF BLAZAR OBSERVATIONS WITH THE VERITAS CHERENKOV TELESCOPES
Authors: Archambault S. , Archer A. , Benbow W. , Bird R. , Biteau J. , Buchovecky M. , Buckley J. H. , Bugaev V. , Byrum K. , Cerruti M. , Chen X. , Ciupik L. , Connolly M. P. , Cui W. , Eisch J. D. , Errando M. , Falcone A. , Feng Q. , Finley J. P. , Fleischhack H. , Fortin P. , Fortson L. , Furniss A. , Gillanders G. H. , Griffin S. , Grube J. , Gyuk G. , Hütten M. , Håkansson N. , Hanna D. , Holder J. , Humensky T. B. , Johnson C. A. , Kaaret P. , Kar P. , Kelley-Hoskins N. , Kertzman M. , Kieda D. , Krause M. , Krennrich F. , Kumar S. , Lang M. J. , Maier G. , McArthur S. , McCann A. , Meagher K. , Moriarty P. , Mukherjee R. , Nguyen T. , Nieto D. , O’Faoláin de Bhróithe A. , Ong R. A. , Otte A. N. , Park N. , Perkins J. S. , Pichel A. , Pohl M. , Popkow A. , Pueschel E. , Quinn J. , Ragan K. , Reynolds P. T. , Richards G. T. , Roache E. , Rovero A. C. , Santander M. , Sembroski G. H. , Shahinyan K. , Smith A. W. , Staszak D. , Telezhinsky I. , Tucci J. V. , Tyler J. , Vincent S. , Wakely S. P. , Weiner O. M. , Weinstein A. , Williams D. A. , Zitzer B. ,   (the VERITAS collaboration), Fumagalli M. , Prochaska J. X. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Between the beginning of its full-scale scientific operations in 2007 and 2012, the VERITAS Cherenkov telescope array observed more than 130 blazars; of these, 26 were detected as very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) γ-ray sources. In this work, we present the analysis results of a sample of 114 undetected objects. The observations constitute a total live-time of ∼570 hr. The sample includes several unidentified Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) sources (located at high Galactic latitude) as well as all the sources from the second Fermi-LAT catalog that are contained within the field of view of the VERITAS observations. We have also performed optical spectroscopy measurements in order to estimate the redshift of some of these blazars that do not have spectroscopic distance estimates. We present new optical spectra from the Kast instrument on the Shane telescope at the Lick observatory for 18 blazars included in this work, which allowed for the successful measurement or constraint on the redshift of four of them. For each of the blazars included in our sample, we provide the flux upper limit in the VERITAS energy band. We also study the properties of the significance distributions and we present the result of a stacked analysis of the data set, which shows a 4σ excess.
SILICON DEPLETION IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
Authors: Haris U. , Parvathi V. S. , Gudennavar S. B. , Bubbly S. G. , Murthy J. , Sofia U. J. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We report interstellar silicon (Si) depletion and dust-phase column densities of Si along 131 Galactic sight lines using archival observations. The data were corrected for differences in the assumed oscillator strength. This is a much larger sample than previous studies but confirms the majority of results, which state that the depletion of Si is correlated with the average density of hydrogen along the line of sight (

〈
n
(
H
)
〉

) as well as the fraction of hydrogen in molecular form (f(H2)). We also find that the linear part of the extinction curve is independent of Si depletion. Si depletion is correlated with the bump strength (c
3/R

V
) and the FUV curvature (c
4/R

V
) suggesting that silicon plays a significant role in both the 2175 Å bump and the FUV rise.
A CIRCULAR-CYLINDRICAL FLUX-ROPE ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR MAGNETIC CLOUDS
Authors: Nieves-Chinchilla T. , Linton M. G. , Hidalgo M. A. , Vourlidas A. , Savani N. P. , Szabo A. , Farrugia C. , Yu W. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We present an analytical model to describe magnetic flux-rope topologies. When these structures are observed embedded in Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) with a depressed proton temperature, they are called Magnetic Clouds (MCs). Our model extends the circular-cylindrical concept of Hidalgo et al. by introducing a general form for the radial dependence of the current density. This generalization provides information on the force distribution inside the flux rope in addition to the usual parameters of MC geometrical information and orientation. The generalized model provides flexibility for implementation in 3D MHD simulations. Here, we evaluate its performance in the reconstruction of MCs in in situ observations. Four Earth-directed ICME events, observed by the Wind spacecraft, are used to validate the technique. The events are selected from the ICME Wind list with the magnetic obstacle boundaries chosen consistently with the magnetic field and plasma in situ observations and with a new parameter (EPP, the Electron Pitch angle distribution Parameter) which quantifies the bidirectionally of the plasma electrons. The goodness of the fit is evaluated with a single correlation parameter to enable comparative analysis of the events. In general, at first glance, the model fits the selected events very well. However, a detailed analysis of events with signatures of significant compression indicates the need to explore geometries other than the circular-cylindrical. An extension of our current modeling framework to account for such non-circular CMEs will be presented in a forthcoming publication.
SPIN–ORBIT ALIGNMENT FOR THREE TRANSITING HOT JUPITERS: WASP-103b, WASP-87b, and WASP-66b†
Authors: Addison B. C. , Tinney C. G. , Wright D. J. , Bayliss D. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We have measured the sky-projected spin–orbit alignments for three transiting hot Jupiters, WASP-103b, WASP-87b, and WASP-66b, using spectroscopic measurements of the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, with the CYCLOPS2 optical fiber bundle system feeding the UCLES spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. The resulting sky-projected spin–orbit angles of λ = 3° ± 33°, λ = −8° ± 11°, and λ = −4° ± 22° for WASP-103b, WASP-87b, and WASP-66b, respectively, suggest that these three planets are likely on nearly aligned orbits with respect to their host star’s spin axis. WASP-103 is a particularly interesting system as its orbital distance is only 20% larger than its host star’s Roche radius and the planet likely experiences strong tidal effects. WASP-87 and WASP-66 are hot (T
eff = 6450 ± 120 K and T
eff = 6600 ± 150 K, respectively) mid-F stars, making them similar to the majority of stars hosting planets on high-obliquity orbits. Moderate spin–orbit misalignments for WASP-103b and WASP-66b are consistent with our data, but polar and retrograde orbits are not favored for these systems.
THE STELLAR POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE GALACTIC DISK
Authors: Bovy Jo , Rix Hans-Walter , Schlafly Edward F. , Nidever David L. , Holtzman Jon A. , Shetrone Matthew , Beers Timothy C. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The spatial structure of stellar populations with different chemical abundances in the Milky Way (MW) contains a wealth of information on Galactic evolution over cosmic time. We use data on 14,699 red-clump stars from the APOGEE survey, covering

, to determine the structure of mono-abundance populations (MAPs)—stars in narrow bins in

and

—accounting for the complex effects of the APOGEE selection function and the spatially variable dust obscuration. We determine that all MAPs with enhanced

are centrally concentrated and are well-described as exponentials with a scale length of

over the whole radial range of the disk. We discover that the surface-density profiles of low-

MAPs are complex: they do not monotonically decrease outwards, but rather display a peak radius ranging from

to

at low

. The extensive radial coverage of the data allows us to measure radial trends in the thickness of each MAP. While high-

MAPs have constant scale heights, low-

MAPs flare. We confirm, now with high-precision abundances, previous results that each MAP contains only a single vertical scale height and that low-

, low-

and high-

, high-

MAPs have intermediate (

) scale heights that smoothly bridge the traditional thin- and thick-disk divide. That the high-

, thick disk components do not flare is strong evidence against their thickness being caused by radial migration. The correspondence between the radial structure and chemical-enrichment age of stellar populations is clear confirmation of the inside-out growth of galactic disks. The details of these relations will constrain the variety of physical conditions under which stars form throughout the MW disk.
Apple cultivar preferences byHoplocampa testudinea(Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Burgart Christopher , Hillier Neil K. , Blatt Suzanne 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe European apple sawfly,Hoplocampa testudinea(Klug) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), is an economically important pest in eastern Canada. Growers can experience significant crop losses as management of this species is difficult because it is present during bloom. As a result, management strategies other than pesticides are required for this pest. Eleven commercial and experimental apple (Malus pumilaMiller; Rosaceae) cultivars were studied to evaluate host resistance as a potential management strategy. Preferences were determined using field surveys of adult visitation, larval infestation of apples, damage at harvest, behavioural bioassays, and electrophysiological tests. Significant differences in visitation and infestation were observed.H. testudineapreferred “Zestar!”, “s23-06-153”, and “Pinova” over other cultivars examined. Comparison with subsequent larval counts and damage also suggest differential performance of larvae in several cases, irrespective of the adult preference. Y-tube bioassays and electroanntennography results indicate that olfaction plays a role in cultivar discrimination for this species.
Antibacterial efficacies of some plant extracts against Aeromonas and Pseudomonas diseases of farmed catfish (Heterobranchus longifilis)
Authors: Ekanem Albert P. , Inyang-Etoh Aniema P. , Inyang-Etoh Paul C. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Aeromonas and Pseudomonas diseases are responsible for mortalities of some farmed catfish in Nigeria. The objective of the study is to investigate the efficacies of extracts of some plants against Aeromonas and Pseudomonas diseases of <em>Heterobranchus longifilis</em>. Ethanol extracts of <em>Phyllanthus amarus, Allium sativum, Artemisia annua,</em> <em>Citrus limon</em>, <em>Moringa oleifera</em>, <em>Allium cepa</em> and <em>Azadirachta indica</em><strong> </strong>were tested against <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> and <em>Pseudomonas flourescens</em> of <em>H. longifilis</em> by disc diffusion assay. Extracts of <em>P. amarus, A. sativum, A. annua </em>and <em>C. limon</em> were significantly (P&lt;0.05) more sensitive to <em>A. hydrophila</em> and <em>P. flourescens</em> than <em>M. oleifera</em>, <em>A. cepa</em> and <em>A. indica</em> which were effective against <em>P. flourescens</em>. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were 25mg/ml for <em>P. amarus</em> and <em>A. annua</em>; 25 and 100mg/ml for <em>C. lemon</em> and <em>A. cepa</em> respectively and 50mg/ml for <em>A. indica</em>. Alkaloid was demonstrated in all plants except <em>A. annua </em>by qualitative methods. Moderate amount (++) of cardiac glycosides was demonstrated in <em>A. sativum</em>, <em>M. oleifera</em> and <em>P. amarus</em>. Saponin (+++) was present in <em>M. oleifera</em> and <em>A. indica</em> while, tannin (++) was present in <em>M. oleifera</em>, <em>P. amarus</em> and <em>A. indica</em> respectively. Phlobatanins and Anthraquinones (++) were present in <em>P. amarus</em> and <em>M. oleifera</em> respectively. Extracts of aforementioned plants have potentials as therapy against <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> and <em>Pseudomonas flourescens</em> of farmed catfish.</p>
A valorização dos professores em municípios do Paraná: análise dos planos de carreira
Authors: Moretti Janaina Silvana Sobzinski , Masson Gisele 
Published: May 2016

Este artigo apresenta o resultado de pesquisa sobre os planos de carreira dos professores da rede municipal de ensino dos cinco municípios de maior IDHM e dos cinco de menor IDHM doParaná. Buscou-se analisar se esses municípiosestão de acordo com a legislação, quanto ao estabelecimento de planos de carreira e ao pagamento do Piso Salarial Profissional Nacional, bem como as suas implicações na valorização dos professores. O referencial teórico marxista foi utilizado para fundamentar a análise dos dados e, a partir do estudo, é possível afirmar que os municípios bem desenvolvidos socioeconomicamente apresentam melhor remuneração dos professores. Todavia, a valorização desses profissionais ainda está longe de acontecerporque os municípios apresentam baixos coeficientes de progressão ao longo da carreira e, levam-se muitos anos para se atingir o topo dela. Foi possível evidenciar, também, que nos municípios com menor Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano, há menor atratividade pelo fato de que os professores têm uma remuneração menor. Considera-se, portanto, preocupante a situação da valorização dos professores no estado do Paraná, pois os dados, mesmo que parciais, indicam o descumprimento da Lei do Piso em alguns municípios, assim como o fato de que muitos planos de carreira são pouco atrativos.
Hva skal vi si til barn om selvmord?
Authors: Raundalen Magne 
Published: May 2016

Hvert år rammes mange barn av foreldres selvmord. Hvordan skal vi snakke med dem om det som har skjedd på en måte som barn kan forstå og som kan være til hjelp, både på kort og lang sikt? Suicidologi bringer her påny en artikkel som gjennom årene har hjulpet mange barn og voksne til å finne ordene og motet til åpenhet om noe av det vanskeligste som fins.
The way to zeros: The future of semiconductor device and chemical mechanical polishing technologies
Authors: Tsujimura Manabu 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
For the last 60 years, the development of cutting-edge semiconductor devices has strongly emphasized scaling; the effort to scale down current CMOS devices may well achieve the target of 5 nm nodes by 2020. Planarization by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), is one technology essential for supporting scaling. This paper summarizes the history of CMP transitions in the planarization process as well as the changing degree of planarity required, and, finally, introduces innovative technologies to meet the requirements. The use of CMP was triggered by the replacement of local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) as the element isolation technology by shallow trench isolation (STI) in the 1980s. Then, CMP’s use expanded to improving embedability of aluminum wiring, tungsten (W) contacts, Cu wiring, and, more recently, to its adoption in high-k metal gate (HKMG) and FinFET (FF) processes. Initially, the required degree of planarity was 50 nm, but now 0 nm is required. Further, zero defects on a post-CMP wafer is now the goal, and it is possible that zero psi CMP loading pressure will be required going forward. Soon, it seems, everything will have to be “zero” and perfect. Although the process is also chemical in nature, the CMP process is actually mechanical with a load added using slurry particles several tens of nm in diameter. Zero load in the loading process, zero nm planarity with no trace of processing, and zero residual foreign material, including the very slurry particles used in the process, are all required. This article will provide an overview of how to achieve these new requirements and what technologies should be employed.