bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empresa publicitaria. Administrar y emprender en publicidad
Authors: Sanz-Marcos Paloma 
Published: January 2018

Si bien existen diversos textos que abordan el sector publicitario desde numerosas ópticas como la creatividad, el diseño o el marketing en general, no es hasta esta obra que encontramos un manual dedicado a la actividad publicitaria desde una perspectiva diferencial como es el emprendimiento y su organización empresarial. A lo largo de nueve capítulos, encontraremos una perspectiva práctica y cercana a la realidad y funcionamiento de la empresa publicitaria que, sin duda, puede ser de gran interés tanto para el lector académico como para el investigador. Escrito con un lenguaje asequible, se alza como un manual de verdadera utilidad para el sector que aporta claridad y estructura a una temática en la que se había profundizado escasamente hasta el momento.
Dedicado a la definición teórica de lo que supone una organización, el primer capítulo recoge una descripción detallada del concepto de empresa publicitaria y se advierte de la necesidad de emplear conceptos distintos al tradicionalmente usado de agencia, debido a su escasa rigurosidad. Con objeto de repasar aquellos criterios fundamentales en los que se pueden categorizar las organizaciones, el segundo capítulo, presenta una clasificación que, por un lado, atiende a los rasgos económicos, comprendidos entre la actividad, el tamaño o el ámbito geográfico, y, por otro, se distingue en torno a la naturaleza jurídica que pueden tomar. El capítulo tercero, revela la importancia de la planificación en las organizaciones. Concretamente, del establecimiento de una dirección estratégica que asegure el éxito de la empresa publicitaria.
Madrid en el cine de Pedro Almodóvar
Authors: Barrera Muro Daniel 
Published: January 2018

La extensa filmografía de Pedro Almodóvar es un claro ejemplo de representación de la evolución de España a través de las últimas décadas; un mensaje al mundo sobre el modo de vida y la búsqueda de oportunidades de sus personajes en las calles de la capital.
En esta obra de análisis, Gloria Camarero nos sitúa y nos justifica el uso de diferentes localizaciones de Madrid y su extrarradio para entender aspectos acerca de la personalidad y actitud de las criaturas nacidas de la mente de Almodóvar. Dividido en cinco secciones, la escritora nos sitúa y nos explica por qué viven donde viven, por qué comen donde comen, por qué se relacionan en ciertos espacios, por qué cruzan en ciertas calles, y, quizás el aspecto más autobiográfico del director: por qué Madrid es un lugar de ida y vuelta.
Quantifying the Effects of Historical Land Cover Conversion Uncertainty on Global Carbon and Climate Estimates
Authors: Di Vittorio A. V. , Mao J. , Shi X. , Chini L. , Hurtt G. , Collins W. D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have examined land use change as a driver of global change, but the translation of land use change into land cover conversion has been largely unconstrained. Here we quantify the effects of land cover conversion uncertainty on the global carbon and climate system using the integrated Earth System Model. Our experiments use identical land use change data and vary land cover conversions to quantify associated uncertainty in carbon and climate estimates. Land cover conversion uncertainty is large, constitutes a 5 ppmv range in estimated atmospheric CO2 in 2004, and generates carbon uncertainty that is equivalent to 80% of the net effects of CO2 and climate and 124% of the effects of nitrogen deposition during 1850–2004. Additionally, land cover uncertainty generates differences in local surface temperature of over 1°C. We conclude that future studies addressing land use, carbon, and climate need to constrain and reduce land cover conversion uncertainties.
A Sharp Structural Boundary in Lowermost Mantle Beneath Alaska Detected by Core Phase Differential Travel Times for the Anomalous South Sandwich Islands to Alaska Path
Authors: Long Xin , Kawakatsu Hitoshi , Takeuchi Nozomu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe report anomalous core phase PKPbc‐PKPdf differential travel times relative to 1‐D spherically symmetric model with a uniformly anisotropic inner core recorded by stations in Alaska for South Sandwich Islands (SSI) earthquakes. The data sample the inner core for the polar paths, as well as the lowermost mantle beneath Alaska. Our major observations are the following: (1) fractional travel time residuals of PKPbc‐PKPdf increase rapidly within 2°, (2) a clear shift of the residual pattern could be seen for earthquakes with different locations, and (3) the residuals show systematic lateral variation: at the northern part, no rapid increase of residual can be seen. A structural boundary with a P wave velocity contrast of about 3% at the lowermost mantle beneath East Alaska is invoked to explain the observation, and the required strength of anisotropy in the quasi‐western hemisphere of the inner core might be reduced if those anomalous data are excluded from analysis.
Multimodel Evidence for an Atmospheric Circulation Response to Arctic Sea Ice Loss in the CMIP5 Future Projections
Authors: Zappa G. , Pithan F. , Shepherd T. G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrevious single‐model experiments have found that Arctic sea ice loss can influence the atmospheric circulation. To evaluate this process in a multimodel ensemble, a novel methodology is here presented and applied to infer the influence of Arctic sea ice loss in the CMIP5 future projections. Sea ice influence is estimated by comparing the circulation response in the RCP8.5 scenario against the circulation response to sea surface warming and CO2 increase inferred from the AMIPFuture and AMIP4xCO2 experiments, where sea ice is unperturbed. Multimodel evidence of the impact of sea ice loss on midlatitude atmospheric circulation is identified in late winter (January–March), when the sea ice‐related surface heat flux perturbation is largest. Sea ice loss acts to suppress the projected poleward shift of the North Atlantic jet, to increase surface pressure in northern Siberia, and to lower it in North America. These features are consistent with previous single‐model studies, and the present results indicate that they are robust to model formulation.
The influence of Preslip Sealing on the Permeability Evolution of Fractures and Faults
Authors: Im Kyungjae , Elsworth Derek , Fang Yi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe evolution of permeability on fractures and faults during the full earthquake cycle is shown to be sensitive to sealing during the repose phase. We explore the combined effect of static loading followed by fracture reactivation on permeability evolution via slide‐hold‐slide experiments. During the hold periods, permeability exhibits a slow but continuous reduction. The permeability decay is consistent with power law compaction of the aperture coupled with cubic law flow. With increasing hold periods, permeability evolves following reactivation from net reduction to net increase with the magnitude of the permeability change dependent on the hold period. This implies that the tight interlocking of asperities during interseismic repose primes the fault for permeability enhancement following reactivation. The inferred mechanism is via shear dilation with the probable involvement of unclogging. This result identifies that preslip sealing during repose is an essential component in the cyclic permeability evolution throughout the seismic cycle.
High‐ and Middle‐Latitude Neutral Mesospheric Density Response to Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Yi Wen , Reid Iain M. , Xue Xianghui , Murphy Damian J. , Hall Chris M. , Tsutsumi Masaki , Ning Baiqi , Li Guozhu , Younger Joel P. , Chen Tingdi , Dou Xiankang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe report the first observations of a high‐ and middle‐latitude neutral mesospheric density response to geomagnetic storms. Interhemisphere mesospheric densities are estimated using data from meteor radars at Davis Station (68.6°S, 77.9°E), Svalbard (78.3°N, 16°E) and Tromsø (69.6°N, 19.2°E), which are located under the auroral zone; the Mohe (53.5°N, 122.3°E), and Beijing (40.3°N, 116.2°E) meteor radars, located in northern midlatitudes, and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite. Both case studies and a superposed epoch analysis indicate that geomagnetic storms can significantly influence mesospheric density, causing a greater than ~10% decrease in the auroral zones and a ~5% decrease at higher midlatitudes. With such large changes, it is reasonable to suspect that geomagnetic storms influence the dynamics of the high and middle latitudes mesosphere.
Large Uncertainty in the Relative Rates of Dynamical and Hydrological Tropical Expansion
Authors: Seviour William J. M. , Davis Sean M. , Grise Kevin M. , Waugh Darryn W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractClimate models predict that the Hadley circulation will expand poleward in a warmer climate, a trend which may cause significant changes in global precipitation patterns. However, recent studies have disagreed as to how strongly changes in the Hadley circulation and changes in the hydrological cycle (specifically the latitude at which precipitation balances evaporation) are related. Here we analyze dynamical and hydrological measures of the Southern Hemisphere edge of the tropics using simulations from the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and four reanalysis data sets. In simulations with an abrupt quadrupling of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, all models show a poleward expansion in both metrics. However, there is a large spread among models; the ratio of the hydrological to dynamical expansions varies from 0.6 to 1.4. We show that this model spread can be largely explained by differences in internal variability, which in turn is related to the mean state of models. Differences in mean states among reanalyses are similar to those of models, and so reanalyses do not help constrain uncertainty in model trends.
Outstanding Toughness of Cherry Bark Achieved by Helical Spring Structure of Rigid Cellulose Fiber Combined with Flexible Layers of Lipid Polymers
Authors: Kobayashi Kayoko , Ura Yoko , Kimura Satoshi , Sugiyama Junji 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCellulose, a main component of cell walls, generally makes materials hard and brittle. However, an ultratough, cellulosic material is found in nature: cherry bark. Surprisingly, it elongates by more than twice of its initial length and behaves as a plastic film during stretching. This amazing mechanical property is achieved by a well‐designed cell wall structure; cellulose fibers are folded like helical springs, covered by multiple flexible layers of lipid polymers.
Polymer Functionalization of Isolated Mitochondria for Cellular Transplantation and Metabolic Phenotype Alteration
Authors: Wu Suhong , Zhang Aijun , Li Shumin , Chatterjee Somik , Qi Ruogu , Segura‐Ibarra Victor , Ferrari Mauro , Gupte Anisha , Blanco Elvin , Hamilton Dale J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAberrant mitochondrial energy transfer underlies prevalent chronic health conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial transplantation represents an innovative strategy aimed at restoring favorable metabolic phenotypes in cells with dysfunctional energy metabolism. While promising, significant barriers to in vivo translation of this approach abound, including limited cellular uptake and recognition of mitochondria as foreign. The objective is to functionalize isolated mitochondria with a biocompatible polymer to enhance cellular transplantation and eventual in vivo applications. Herein, it is demonstrated that grafting of a polymer conjugate composed of dextran with triphenylphosphonium onto isolated mitochondria protects the organelles and facilitates cellular internalization compared with uncoated mitochondria. Importantly, mitochondrial transplantation into cancer and cardiovascular cells has profound effects on respiration, mediating a shift toward improved oxidative phosphorylation, and reduced glycolysis. These findings represent the first demonstration of polymer functionalization of isolated mitochondria, highlighting a viable strategy for enabling clinical applications of mitochondrial transplantation.
Self‐Assembled Biomolecular 1D Nanostructures for Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Long Huiwu , Zeng Wen , Wang Hua , Qian Mengmeng , Liang Yanhong , Wang Zhongchang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAqueous sodium‐ion battery of low cost, inherent safety, and environmental benignity holds substantial promise for new‐generation energy storage applications. However, the narrow potential window of water and the enlarged ionic radius because of hydration restrict the selection of electrode materials used in the aqueous electrolyte. Here, inspired by the efficient redox reaction of biomolecules during cellular energy metabolism, a proof of concept is proposed that the redox‐active biomolecule alizarin can act as a novel electrode material for the aqueous sodium‐ion battery. It is demonstrated that the specific capacity of the self‐assembled alizarin nanowires can reach as high as 233.1 mA h g−1, surpassing the majority of anodes ever utilized in the aqueous sodium‐ion batteries. Paired with biocompatible and biodegradable polypyrrole, this full battery system shows excellent sodium storage ability and flexibility, indicating its potential applications in wearable electronics and biointegrated devices. It is also shown that the electrochemical properties of electrodes can be tailored by manipulating naturally occurring 9,10‐anthroquinones with various substituent groups, which broadens application prospect of biomolecules in aqueous sodium‐ion batteries.
Molybdenum Carbide Nanoparticles Coated into the Graphene Wrapping N‐Doped Porous Carbon Microspheres for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Both in Acidic and Alkaline Media
Authors: Wei Huifang , Xi Qiaoya , Chen Xi'an , Guo Daying , Ding Feng , Yang Zhi , Wang Shun , Li Juan , Huang Shaoming 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMolybdenum carbide (Mo2C) is recognized as an alternative electrocatalyst to noble metal for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a facile, low cost, and scalable method is provided for the fabrication of Mo2C‐based eletrocatalyst (Mo2C/G‐NCS) by a spray‐drying, and followed by annealing. As‐prepared Mo2C/G‐NCS electrocatalyst displays that ultrafine Mo2C nanopartilces are uniformly embedded into graphene wrapping N‐doped porous carbon microspheres derived from chitosan. Such designed structure offer several favorable features for hydrogen evolution application: 1) the ultrasmall size of Mo2C affords a large exposed active sites; 2) graphene‐wrapping ensures great electrical conductivity; 3) porous structure increases the electrolyte–electrode contact points and lowers the charge transfer resistance; 4) N‐dopant interacts with H+ better than C atoms and favorably modifies the electronic structures of adjacent Mo and C atoms. As a result, the Mo2C/G‐NCS demonstrates superior HER activity with a very low overpotential of 70 or 66 mV to achieve current density of 10 mA cm−2, small Tafel slope of 39 or 37 mV dec−1, respectively, in acidic and alkaline media, and high stability, indicating that it is a great potential candidate as HER electrocatalyst.
Organic/Inorganic Hybrid EIL for All‐Solution‐Processed OLEDs
Authors: Song Chen , Hu Zhanhao , Luo Yu , Cun Yangke , Wang Lei , Ying Lei , Huang Fei , Peng Junbiao , Wang Jian , Cao Yong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSolution processing metal cathodes to fabricate all‐solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) could significantly reduce their production cost. However, the challenge to realize all‐solution‐processed OLEDs lies in the electron injection layer (EIL) between the light emission layer and the high‐work‐function solution‐processed cathode. Aside from offering efficient electron injection, the EIL should resist the solvent, and prevent the solvent from permeating through to damage the organic functional layers beneath. Combining the advantages of both organic and inorganic EILs, a novel poly[9,9‐bis(60‐(N,N‐diethylamino)hexyl)‐fluorene‐alt‐9,9‐bis(3‐ethyl‐(oxetane‐3‐ethyloxy)‐hexyl)‐fluorene] (PFN‐OX)/ZnO hybrid EIL achieves all the necessary functions. To characterize the solvent‐proof capability quantitatively for the first time, a “solvent detector” is developed by detecting the poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)'s lateral conductivity. The PFN‐OX/ZnO hybrid EIL not only shows better electron injection than the organic PFN‐OX EIL, but also retains the inorganic ZnO EIL's solvent resistance and solvent‐proof capability. Based on the PFN‐OX/ZnO hybrid EIL, all‐solution‐processed OLED devices are fabricated with spin‐coated Ag nanoparticles as the cathode. The poly(dibenzothiophene‐S,S‐dioxide‐co‐9,9‐dioctyl‐2,7‐fluorene) blue emission device reaches 1000 cd m−2at only 6.2 V with the luminous efficiency of 2.1 cd A−1.
Kinetically Controlled Growth of Phase‐Pure SnS Absorbers for Thin Film Solar Cells: Achieving Efficiency Near 3% with Long‐Term Stability Using an SnS/CdS Heterojunction
Authors: Lim Dongha , Suh Hoyoung , Suryawanshi Mahesh , Song Gwang Yeom , Cho Jae Yu , Kim Jin Hyeok , Jang Jae Hyuck , Jeon Chan‐Wook , Cho Ara , Ahn SeJin , Heo Jaeyeong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFacile control over the morphology of phase pure tin monosulfide (SnS) thin films, a promising future absorber for thin film solar cells, is enabled by controlling the growth kinetics in vapor transport deposition of congruently evaporated SnS. The pressure during growth is found to be a key factor in modifying the final shape of the SnS grains. The optimized cube‐like SnS shows p‐type with the apparent carrier concentration of ≈1017 cm−3 with an optical bandgap of 1.32 eV. The dense and flat surface morphology of 1 µm thick SnS combined with the minimization of pinholes directly leads to improved diode quality and increased shunt resistance of the SnS/CdS heterojunction (cell area of 0.30 cm2). An open‐circuit voltage of up to 0.3068 V is achieved, which is independently characterized at the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER). Detailed high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis confirms the absence of detrimental secondary phases such as Sn2S3 or SnS2 in the SnS grains or at intergrain boundaries. The initial efficiency level of 98.5% is maintained even after six months of storage in air, and the final efficiency of the champion SnS/CdS cell, certified at the KIER, is 2.938% with an open‐circuit voltage of 0.2912 V.
Effect of an Emergency Medicine Resident as Team Leader on Outcomes of Trauma Team Activations
Authors: Butler Michael B. , Erdogan Mete , Green Robert S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesTraditionally, a surgeon has served as trauma team leader (TTL). However, this role is increasingly being performed by emergency medicine (EM) physicians. At the Halifax Infirmary, we utilize a resident TTL (rTTL) under supervision of a staff traumatologist, a duty shared between EM and surgical residents. Our objective was to compare outcomes between cases led by EM and surgical rTTLs.MethodsThis was a retrospective case–control study of data collected from the Nova Scotia Trauma Registry. Eligible cases were attended to by the trauma team from April 4, 2014, to March 31, 2015. Primary outcome of interest was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospital admission, hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, ICU LOS, ventilator requirement, operating room use, and time to operating room. Univariate comparisons were made using t‐tests and Fisher's test. We used logistic and linear regression to adjust for confounding.ResultsA total of 571 patients were included in the analysis. A total of 179 (31.3%) were managed by an EM resident and the remainder were managed by a surgical resident. There was no statistical difference in mortality or secondary outcomes on the crude or adjusted estimates. Eighteen patients (10.1%) in the EM group died compared to 37 (9.4%) in the surgical group.ConclusionsThere was no difference in any patient outcome between cases managed by EM and surgical rTTLs. These findings support the philosophy that both groups are effective as rTTLs and should be trained in trauma leadership. Further research is warranted in introducing the rTTL into other systems.
TEMPO‐Promoted C(sp3)−H Hydroxylation of 2‐Oxindoles at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhu Wen‐Ming , Bao Wen‐Hui , Ying Wei‐Wei , Chen Wei‐Ting , Huang Yi‐Ling , Ge Guo‐Ping , Chen Gan‐Ping , Wei Wen‐Ting 
Published: January 2018

Abstract3‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles are valuable biologically active molecules, and efficient methods for their synthesis under mild condition are highly sought after. Here we report a base‐ and metal‐free C(sp3)−H hydroxylation of 2‐oxindoles promoted by commercially available inexpensive TEMPO and atmospheric air as a hydroxylation reagent at room temperature. This protocol provides a mild and simple strategy for the construction of C−O bonds in moderate to good yields with wide functional group tolerance.
Matriclans shape populations: Insights from the Angolan Namib Desert into the maternal genetic history of southern Africa
Authors: Oliveira Sandra , Fehn Anne‐Maria , Aço Teresa , Lages Fernanda , Gayà‐Vidal Magdalena , Pakendorf Brigitte , Stoneking Mark , Rocha Jorge 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesSouthern Angola is a poorly studied region, inhabited by populations that have been associated with different migratory movements into southern Africa. Apart from Kx'a‐speaking San foragers and Bantu‐speaking pastoralists, ethnographic and linguistic studies have suggested the existence of an enigmatic array of pre‐Bantu communities, like the Kwepe (formerly Khoe‐Kwadi speakers), Twa and Kwisi. Here, we evaluate previous peopling hypotheses by assessing the relationships between different southern Angolan populations, based on newly collected linguistic data and complete mtDNA genomes.Materials and methodsWe analyzed 295 complete mtDNA genomes and linguistic data from seven groups from the Namib Desert (Himba, Kuvale, Tjimba, Twa, Kwisi, Kwepe) and Kunene Province (!Xun), placing special emphasis on the evaluation of the genealogical consistency of the matriclanic system that characterizes most of these groups.ResultsWe found that the maternal genetic structure of all groups from the Namib Desert was strongly shaped by the consistency of their matriclanic system. The tracking of the maternal heritage enhanced population differentiation by genetic drift and is likely to have caused the divergent mtDNA profiles of the Kwepe, Twa, and Kwisi, who probably formed a single population within the spectrum of Bantu genetic variation. Model‐based analyses further suggest that the dominant pastoral groups Kuvale and Himba may be grouped into a Bantu proto‐population which also included the ancestors of present‐day Tjimba and Herero, as well as the Khoe‐Kwadi speaking Damara foragers from Namibia.DiscussionThe view from southwestern Angola offers a new perspective on the populating history of southern Africa and the Bantu expansions by showing that social stratification and different subsistence patterns are not always indicative of remnant groups, but may reflect Bantu‐internal variation and ethnogenesis.