bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Happens When Child Abuse Pediatricians and CPS Investigators Collaborate? A Study of the Multidisciplinary Pediatric Education and Evaluation Consortium
Authors: Ramaiah Veena , Dworsky Amy , Bilka Kristen , Glick Jill 
Published: October 2024

The Multidisciplinary Pediatric Education and Evaluation Consortium (MPEEC) is a medically directed program that mandates real-time interagency collaboration among child abuse pediatricians (CAPs), child protective services (CPS) investigators, and law enforcement. MPEEC provides consultation resulting in a definitive medical opinion regarding manner of injury when allegations of serious harm involving children less than three years old living in Chicago are reported to Illinois Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS). This study is the first to link data from a medically directed, inter-agency program with CPS investigations data to specifically examine the duration of CPS investigations and the level of concordance between the manner of injury as determined by CAPs and the investigation’s outcome when CPS investigators and medical professionals are required to formally collaborate. On average, MPEEC produced a written opinion 16 days from the time of referral and DCFS made a finding 45 days after receiving the MPEEC report for the 690 cases referred to MPEEC over a 3-year period. The concordance level ranged from 75–90%. Our results highlight the need for more analysis of linked data to promote efficiency and proficiency in CPS investigations.
Comparative analysis of retinal microvascular parameters in healthy individuals with or without carotid artery stenosis or plaque
Authors: Fang Xiaoxia , Yang Fan , Huang Wei , Ling Saiguang , Liang Bing , Zeng Weizhong , Hu Huiling , Zhang Guoming 
Published: October 2024

Purpose To evaluate the correlations between retinal microvascular changes and carotid artery stenosis (CAS) with and without plaques using fundus photography. Methods Patients who had undergone bilateral carotid ultrasonography and bilateral fundus photography were divided into the following groups based on the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) determined via ultrasonography in this retrospective, observational study: the control and CAS (comprising CAS with and without plaque subgroups) groups. The following retinal indicators were determined via fundus photography based on a deep learning algorithm: the arteriole-to-venule ratio (AVR), whole retinal fractal dimension (FD), arteriolar fractal dimension (AFD), venular fractal dimension (VFD), vascular density (VD), and VD within 3 mm (VD3mm) and 5 mm (VD5mm) from the macular fovea. The correlations between these indicators and IMT were also assessed. Results In total, 715 participants, comprising 313 participants with CAS (CAS group; 91 with plaque and 222 without plaque) and 402 participants without CAS (control group), participated in this study. AFD, VFD, and FD in the CAS group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all p < 0.001). VD, VD3mm, and VD5mm showed significant differences between the groups (all p < 0.05). VFD in the CAS with plaque group was lower than that in the group without plaque ( p = 0.014). VD3mm, and VD5mm showed significantly negative correlations with IMTmin in the CAS subgroup. Conclusions AFD, VFD, FD, VD, VD3 mm, and VD5 mm decreased, and fundus photography based on deep learning algorithm may provide new approaches for screening of CAS.
The radiological primary survey: A systematic approach and guide to reading torso computed tomography images in trauma for surgeons
Authors: James Joses Dany , Paul Joseph Chacko , Sathyakumar Kirthi , Purushothaman Vijayan , Kumar Vignesh , Sharma Srujan Lam , Nayak Sukria 
Published: October 2024

Background Trauma is a disease where time is of the essence. In many lower middle-income countries, definitive management and planning for trauma patients are often delayed after working hours because of either a lack of technicians to perform computed tomography (CT) scans or a lack of radiologists to interpret them. These lacunae can be bridged if more and more surgeons become confident in interpreting trauma CT images. Method In this narrative review, written in a ‘how to do it’ manner, we describe a way of doing a structured and quick ‘radiological primary survey’ of the torso CT, which we believe will help quickly identify major injuries systematically, thereby avoiding delays in management and forming a care plan. The method has been developed by a team of trauma surgeons and radiologists and stems from the DRS ABCDE technique used in interpreting trauma chest X-rays. Result The DRS ABCDE extrapolated to the trauma torso CT includes the following steps- Details, WRAP (W-windowing, R-Region, A-Axis, P-Phase), S- the Scout film, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability and Extras. Conclusion The review will enable resident trainees and trauma care professionals to interpret trauma CTs using a structured approach.
Effect of a nurse-led integrated care intervention on quality of life and rehospitalisation in patients with severe exacerbation of COPD—a pilot study
Authors: Schmid-Mohler Gabriela , Hübsch Christine , Braun Julia , Steurer-Stey Claudia , Aregger Celine , Schaer Dominik J. , Clarenbach Christian 
Published: October 2024

Objective To explore the feasibility and effect of a nurse-led integrated care intervention on health-related quality of life (QoL) and unplanned 90-day rehospitalisation in patients hospitalised due to acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). Method A monocentric non-randomized parallel cluster design was applied. The primary endpoint was the difference between Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) Mastery Scores at hospital discharge and 13 weeks post-discharge. Secondary endpoints were differences between other CRQ scores, numbers of rehospitalisations and self-reported exacerbations. The study would end either 13 weeks after the full sample size was achieved or when study time ran out. Results The study was terminated before reaching the targeted sample size. Of 174 invitees, 69 (39.7%, 30 control, 39 intervention) consented to participate. Of those, 47 completed the study, 45 of whom had complete data sets for the primary endpoint. No differences in QoL scores, unplanned COPD-related rehospitalisations or unplanned all-cause rehospitalisations were detected. The mean number of self-reported moderate exacerbations was higher in the intervention group ( p = 0.006). Conclusion The pilot study had slow recruitment, high drop-out rates, and no significant effect on 3-month outcomes. Further research should focus on enhancing the current understanding of how to motivate and recruit patients in this setting. ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT 04011332.
Complex Exercises Improve Cognition in People With Parkinson’s Disease and Freezing of Gait
Authors: Silva-Batista Carla , Almeida Filipe Oliveira de , Batista Alana , Barbosa Egberto Reis , Horak Fay B. , Ugrinowitsch Carlos 
Published: October 2024

Background Evidence has suggested that cognitive decline may be a risk factor for freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Complex and challenging exercises have been suggested as potential rehabilitation strategies to decrease FOG severity and improve cognition; however, it is unknown whether improvement in cognition would explain decreased FOG severity following exercise. Objective In this secondary analysis, we evaluated the effects of the adapted resistance training with instability (ARTI-complex and challenging exercises) compared with traditional motor rehabilitation (TMR-without challenging exercises) on cognitive function in people with FOG of PD. We also verified whether cognitive improvement explains the decrease in FOG previously published. Methods Participants were randomized to either the experimental group (ARTI, n = 17) or the active control group (TMR, n = 15). Both training groups exercised 3 times a week for 12 weeks (80-90 minute each session). FOG severity (FOG ratio from inertial sensors during a 360° turning-in-place task), frontal lobe function (Frontal Assessment Battery [FAB]), global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]), and attention and psychomotor speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]) were evaluated before and after interventions. Results Only the ARTI group improved FAB, MoCA, and DSST scores at posttraining. In addition, ARTI was more effective than TMR in improving FAB scores at posttraining. The changes in FAB scores explained the changes in FOG ratio following ARTI ( R2 = .43, P < .01). Conclusions This pilot study suggests that ARTI, a complex and challenging training, improves cognition in people with FOG of PD. Improvements in frontal lobe function with ARTI help explain decreased FOG severity.
A retrospective real-world study on the safety and efficacy of budesonide orodispersible tablets for the induction therapy of eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Geow Rachel , Arena Gina , Siah Chiang , Picardo Sherman 
Published: October 2024

Background: An orodispersible form of budesonide has recently been approved for the targeted treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis in the United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, Canada and the United States, following favourable results from a randomised controlled trial. This is the first dedicated real-world study exploring the safety and efficacy of budesonide orodispersible tablets for induction therapy in the treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis while providing insights into its management. Objectives: The primary objective was histologic remission, defined as less than 5 eosinophils per high-powered field. The secondary objectives included histologic response (>50% reduction in peak eosinophil count), clinical remission (complete resolution of symptoms documented on clinic letters), clinical response (improvements in symptoms as reported on clinical letters), endoscopic remission (Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS) score = 0), and endoscopic response (improvement in EREFS score). The EREFS scores were calculated based on the severity and presence of rings, longitudinal furrows, strictures, oedema and exudates on endoscopic images. Adverse events and safety profiles were also recorded. Design: A multicentre cohort study examining the effectiveness of 1 mg, twice daily, budesonide orodispersible tablet induction therapy for the treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis. Methods: Ethics approval was obtained through the Western Australia Health: Governance, Evidence, Knowledge, Outcomes system for assessment of Audit and Quality Activities. The study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Results: A total of 43 patients (29 males, 14 females; median age 39) were recruited. Forty-one patients were included in the analysis. After induction therapy, 30 patients (73%) achieved histologic remission, and 35 patients (85%) demonstrated histologic response. Thirty-nine patients (95%) achieved clinical response, and 28 patients (68%) achieved clinical remission. An endoscopic response was seen in 37 patients (90%), and 16 patients (39%) achieved endoscopic remission. No significant adverse events were identified. Conclusion: Budesonide orodispersible tablet is an effective induction therapy for eosinophilic oesophagitis, as evidenced by its high histologic remission rate and favourable safety profile.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Models for Type 1 Diabetes: A Narrative Review
Authors: Furió-Novejarque Clara , Díez José-Luis , Bondia Jorge 
Published: October 2024

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone that promotes insulin secretion, delays gastric emptying, and inhibits glucagon secretion. The GLP-1 receptor agonists have been developed as adjunctive therapies for type 2 diabetes to improve glucose control. Recently, there has been an interest in introducing GLP-1 receptor agonists as adjunctive therapies in type 1 diabetes alongside automatic insulin delivery systems. The preclinical validation of these systems often relies on mathematical simulators that replicate the glucose dynamics of a person with diabetes. This review aims to explore mathematical models available in the literature to describe GLP-1 effects to be used in a type 1 diabetes simulator. Methods: Three databases were examined in the search for GLP-1 mathematical models. More than 1500 works were found after searching for specific keywords that were narrowed down to 39 works for full-text assessment. Results: A total of 23 works were selected describing GLP-1 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. However, none of the found models was designed for type 1 diabetes. An analysis is included of the available models’ features that could be translated into a GLP-1 receptor agonist model for type 1 diabetes. Conclusion: There is a gap in research in GLP-1 receptor agonists mathematical models for type 1 diabetes, which could be incorporated into type 1 diabetes simulators, providing a safe and inexpensive tool to carry out preclinical validations using these therapies.
Optimal treatment targets for lupus nephritis using per-protocol repeat kidney biopsy findings at 2 years and clinical data up to 5 years: a single-center observational study
Authors: Kagawa Hidetoshi , Yamanaka Ryutaro , Matsubara Ai , Inoue Tatsuyuki , Hayashi Reika , Kubota Natsuki , Hiromasa Tsutomu 
Published: October 2024

Background: The criteria for remission in both clinical and pathological contexts for lupus nephritis (LN) remain controversial. Objectives: To identify optimal short-term goals (remission criteria) for LN predicting long-term success at 5 years, using repeat kidney biopsy (Biopsy 2) and clinical data. Design: Single-center observational study. Methods: Twenty-three consecutive LN patients undergoing Biopsy 2 2 years post-induction therapy were evaluated. Two ideal long-term goals at 5 years were defined as: “A,” Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) = 0 and prednisolone (PSL) ⩽5 mg/day, and “B,” proteinuria ⩽0.2 g/day with a normal serum creatinine level and PSL ⩽5 mg/day. Histologically, the electron-dense deposit (EDD) score grades immune deposits based on their intensity, amount, and location. A score of ⩽1 was defined as “electron microscopy remission (ER).” Results: Conventional renal indices failed to predict long-term goals. The short-term goals with an accuracy (area under the curve: 95% confidence interval) of ⩾0.8 predicted long-term goals: “A at 5 years” (A-5y), A-2y (0.91: 0.79–1.00), DORIS-R-2y (0.87: 0.72–1.00), EDD score (0.85: 0.70–1.00), B-2y (0.83: 0.66–0.99), and SLEDAI-R-2y (0.82: 0.66–0.98) as well as “B at 5 years” (B-5y), A-2y (0.87: 0.73–1.00), B-2y (0.87: 0.73–1.00), EDD score (0.85: 0.69–1.00), and DORIS-R-2y (0.83: 0.67–0.99). EDD scores predicted A-5y, B-5y, and PSL dose at 5 years in proportion to the score. The clinical and histological goals aligned. Conclusion: The best predictive short-term goal was A-2y. Concordance between clinical remission (A-2y, B-2y, and DORIS-R-2y) and histological remission (ER) at 2 years suggests optimal short-term goals for LN.
‘EMERALD’ online early intervention programme for psychological well-being: A detailed description using the TIDieR checklist
Authors: Jones Monique , Metse Alexandra P , Watkins Andrew , Hermens Daniel F , Driver Christina 
Published: October 2024

Objective The rising prevalence of mental health symptoms brought on by the COVID19 pandemic led to the inception and development of EMERging Anxiety, Loneliness, Depression (EMERALD) well-being programme. EMERALD was designed to improve psychological well-being of the general population who had not previously sought mental health support. The programme incorporated a focus on lifestyle medicine and was underpinned by solution focused health coaching. The aim of the paper is to describe the programme according to the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist to provide detailed reporting of the intervention's elements. Methods The TIDieR checklist was utilised to comprehensively describe the programme, including theoretical underpinnings, materials, procedures, providers, mode of delivery and tailoring of the programme. The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v2 was used to identify the specific behaviour change techniques used within the solution focused health coaching framework. Results The programme was developed to align with the latest evidence-based literature in lifestyle medicine and solution focused coaching. The programme also offered allied health expertise, online educational modules and was tailored to the participants. The programme was delivered online through a telehealth platform. Conclusion The TIDieR checklist has enabled the provision of a detailed structure of the EMERALD program intervention. The behaviour change taxonomy has facilitated the outlining of specific techniques used in health coaching sessions. Both structures have operationalised the detail of the intervention for the purposes of replication and informing the literature.
Predicting the Presence of Pain in Youth Baseball Pitchers Using the Concept of Biomechanical Efficiency
Authors: Nebel Adam R. , Giordano Kevin A. , Bordelon Nicole M. , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Increases in peak shoulder distraction force and peak elbow valgus torque may influence throwing-arm pain and injury risk in youth pitchers. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine whether shoulder distraction force and elbow valgus torque while accounting for anthropometrics and pitch velocity can predict the presence of pain in youth baseball pitchers. It was hypothesized that throwing-arm pain could be predicted using the concept of biomechanical efficiency, where a pitcher who is less efficient (having higher force or torque with the same pitch velocity) is more likely to experience pain. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 38 youth baseball pitchers (mean age, 13.3 ± 1.7 years) were divided into a pain group and pain-free group based on presence of throwing-arm pain as reported on a health history questionnaire. Each pitcher threw 3 maximal-effort fastballs to a catcher at regulation distance, and kinematics were measured using an electromagnetic motion-capture system (minimum 100 Hz). Height and weight as well as mean peak shoulder distraction force, peak elbow valgus torque, and pitch velocity across the 3 trials were evaluated. Logistic regression analyses determined whether shoulder distraction force or elbow valgus torque could predict the presence of throwing-arm pain when holding anthropometrics (body weight for shoulder distraction force; body weight and height for elbow valgus torque) and pitch velocity constant. Results: Shoulder distraction force significantly predicted the presence of throwing-arm pain after accounting for body weight and pitch velocity (χ2 = 9.49; P = .023). Specifically, for every 1-N increase in peak shoulder distraction force while holding body weight and pitch velocity constant, there was a 0.6% increased likelihood of experiencing throwing-arm pain. Elbow valgus torque could not predict the presence of pain when holding body weight, height, and pitch velocity constant. Conclusion: The models demonstrated that increases in peak shoulder distraction forces when holding pitch velocity and body weight constant increased a youth baseball pitcher's likelihood of experiencing throwing-arm pain. The study results support the concept of the biomechanical efficiency framework by offering evidence that maintaining pitch velocity with a lower joint load led to a lower likelihood of pain. Clinical Relevance: Results suggest that practicing efficient movement strategies can decrease the likelihood of experiencing throwing-arm pain while maintaining performance.
Borders: Exclude or Relate?
Authors: Heyman Josiah 
Published: October 2024

Executive Summary US political discourse characterizes the US-Mexico border as a site of threat and, of necessity, exclusion. This frame ignores the importance of borders to economies, families, and culture in our increasingly interconnected world. Moreover, it leads to policies that place people at risk of victimization and death. In conceiving of the border solely in terms of exclusion, nations forego the opportunity to strengthen relationships across borders. This paper argues that the politics of humane migration require a vision of borders as sites of encounter, engagement, and relationship, rather than solely exclusion. This reconceptualization of the US-Mexico border, in particular, would strengthen relationships across borders, and prioritize cooperation between Latin America/the Caribbean and the United States, starting with regulated legal flows. It would also respond to the shared contexts of migration, including contraband in arms and drugs, criminal violence, and climate change. It articulates an alternative vision of borders as a “commons” in which mutual needs can be addressed (a commons is an issue or resource in which every one has access and involvement). Migration itself provides a perfect example of such a need. It takes place in a political climate partially but powerfully shaped by racism and classism. Thus, it has become a polarized “issue” that appears insolvable. In fact, it may not be a problem at all. Rather, in our current demographic-economic situation, as well as for our cultural well-being, migration should be treated as an asset. Insofar as it needs to be addressed, this paper delineates many possibilities. The options are not perfect and magical — the challenges are hard and diverse — but they an advance a vision of a shared cross-border space on migration. That might be a crucial move, not only for migration, but along a path that recognizes relationships and commitments of many kinds across the hemisphere and world. Recognition is not enough; real change in resources and power needs to follow. But a vision of connection rather than exclusion provides the political starting point needed for change to happen. In every political instance in which borders are used to frame migration in terms of who, how, and how much to exclude, connectedness loses ground. A politics of humane migration can only emerge if rooted in a positive vision of borders as sites of engagement and encounter.