bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Decline of the Lake Tana (Ethiopia) Fisheries: Causes and Possible Solutions
Authors: Dejen Eshete , Anteneh Wassie , Vijverberg Jacobus 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article reviews major findings of a vast body of scientific studies on the ecology of the fish community and the fisheries in Lake Tana over the past 25 years. There are three commercially important fish taxa in the lake: Nile tilapia, African catfish andLabeobarbusspp. The catch per unit of effort for all the three taxa declined during the last two decades: total catch 177 kg/trip in 1993,140 kg/trip in 2001 and 56 kg/trip in 2010. But the most drastic reduction was observed for theLabeobarbusspecies: 63 kg/trip in 1993, 28 kg/trip in 2001 and only 6 kg/trip in 2010. Most probably, both recruitment overfishing and increased recession farming contributed to the decline. The migratingLabeobarbusspp. were heavily affected by irrigation and dam constructions causing destruction of breeding and nursery habitats in the spawning rivers. We conclude that implementation of the fisheries legislation gazetted in 2003 and the lake management plan adopted in 2015 is crucial to prevent the collapse of the Lake Tana fishery. Suspended silt from erosion and land degradation, caused by deforestation in the catchment, increased the turbidity of the lake water. The current Maximum Sustainable Yield is approximately 10–20 kg ha−1 y−1, which is low compared to other African lakes. The low productivity seems to be caused both by both light limitation and nutrient limitation. Soil erosion is probably limiting primary production. Appropriate land use management and soil conservation around Lake Tana, such as afforestation and implementing zero‐grazing practices, are urgently needed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stage‐discharge relationship in tidal channels
Authors: Kearney William S. , Mariotti Giulio , Deegan Linda A. , Fagherazzi Sergio 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLong‐term records of the flow of water through tidal channels are essential to constrain the budgets of sediments and biogeochemical compounds in salt marshes. Statistical models which relate discharge to water level allow the estimation of such records from more easily obtained records of water stage in the channel. Here, we compare four different types of stage‐discharge models, each of which captures different characteristics of the stage‐discharge relationship. We estimate and validate each of these models on a 2‐month long time series of stage and discharge obtained with an acoustic Doppler current profiler in a salt marsh channel. We find that the best performance is obtained by models that account for the nonlinear and time‐varying nature of the stage‐discharge relationship. Good performance can also be obtained from a simplified version of these models, which captures nonlinearity and nonstationarity without the complexity of the fully nonlinear or time‐varying models.
Evaluation of the combined use of narrow band imaging and high‐speed imaging to discriminate laryngeal lesions
Authors: Volgger Veronika , Felicio Axelle , Lohscheller Jörg , Englhard Anna S. , Al‐Muzaini Hanan , Betz Christian S. , Schuster Maria E. 
Published: February 2017

Background and ObjectiveLaryngeal lesions are usually investigated by microlaryngoscopy, biopsy, and histopathology. This study aimed to evaluate the combined use of Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) and High‐Speed Imaging (HSI) in the differentiation of glottic lesions in awake patients.Study DesignProspective diagnostic study.Materials and MethodsThirty‐six awake patients with 41 glottic lesions were investigated with both NBI and HSI, and the suspected diagnoses were compared to the histopathological results of tissue biopsies taken during subsequent microlaryngoscopies. Of the 41 lesions, 28 were primary lesions and 13 recurrent lesions after previous laryngeal pathologies.ResultsSensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value in the differentiation between benign/premalignant and malignant lesions with both NBI and HSI accounted to 100.0%, 79.4%, 50.0%, and 100.0%. Sensitivities and specificities were 100.0% and 85.7% for HSI alone, and 100.0% and 79.4% for NBI alone. Regarding only primary lesions the results were generally better with sensitivities and specificities of 100% and 81% for NBI, 100% and 84.2% for HSI and 100% and 85.7% for the combination of both methods, respectively.ConclusionNBI and HSI both seem to be promising adjunct tools in the differentiation of various laryngeal lesions in awake patients with high sensitivities. Specificities, however, were moderate but could be increased when using NBI and HSI in combination in a subgroup of patients with only primary lesions. Although both methods still have limitations they might ameliorate the evaluation of suspicious laryngeal lesions in the future and could possibly spare patients from repeated invasive tissue biopsies. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:609–618, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microbial diversity of a full‐scale UASB reactor applied to poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment: integration of 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing
Authors: Delforno Tiago Palladino , Lacerda Júnior Gileno Vieira , Noronha Melline F. , Sakamoto Isabel K. , Varesche Maria Bernadete A. , Oliveira Valéria M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe 16S rRNA gene amplicon and whole‐genome shotgun metagenomic (WGSM) sequencing approaches were used to investigate wide‐spectrum profiles of microbial composition and metabolic diversity from a full‐scale UASB reactor applied to poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. The data were generated by using MiSeq 2 × 250 bp and HiSeq 2 × 150 bp Illumina sequencing platforms for 16S amplicon and WGSM sequencing, respectively. Each approach revealed a distinct microbial community profile, with Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter as predominant genus for the WGSM dataset and Clostridium and Methanosaeta for the 16S rRNA gene amplicon dataset. The virome characterization revealed the presence of two viral families with Bacteria and Archaea as host, Myoviridae, and Siphoviridae. A wide functional diversity was found with predominance of genes involved in the metabolism of acetone, butanol, and ethanol synthesis; and one‐carbon metabolism (e.g., methanogenesis). Genes related to the acetotrophic methanogenesis pathways were more abundant than methylotrophic and hydrogenotrophic, corroborating the taxonomic results that showed the prevalence of the acetotrophic genus Methanosaeta. Moreover, the dataset indicated a variety of metabolic genes involved in sulfur, nitrogen, iron, and phosphorus cycles, with many genera able to act in all cycles. BLAST analysis against Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database (ARDB) revealed that microbial community contained 43 different types of antibiotic resistance genes, some of them were associated with growth chicken promotion (e.g., bacitracin, tetracycline, and polymyxin).
Chronotype differences in timing of energy and macronutrient intakes: A population‐based study in adults
Authors: Maukonen Mirkka , Kanerva Noora , Partonen Timo , Kronholm Erkki , Tapanainen Heli , Kontto Jukka , Männistö Satu 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the association between chronotype and timing of energy and macronutrient intakes in adults.MethodsThe study sample included 1,854 participants from the National FINRISK 2007 and FINDIET 2007 studies, aged 25 to 74 years. Diet was assessed with 48‐hour dietary recalls. Chronotype was assessed with a shortened version of Horne and Östberg's Morningness–eveningness Questionnaire. Associations between chronotype and intakes of energy and macronutrients in the morning (by 10 am) and in the evening (after 8 pm) were analyzed with linear regression and ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test.ResultsIn the morning, evening types had lower energy and macronutrient intakes (except for sucrose of which they had a higher intake) than morning types (P < 0.05), while in the evening, evening types had higher intakes of energy, sucrose, fat, and saturated fatty acids than morning types (P < 0.05). On the weekend, chronotype differences in evening intakes of energy, sucrose, and fat intake were more pronounced, and evening types had more eating occasions and more irregular meal times than morning types.ConclusionsPostponed energy and macronutrient intake timing of evening types with unfavorable dietary patterns may put them at higher risk of obesity and metabolic disturbances in the future.
Appetite self‐regulation: Environmental and policy influences on eating behaviors
Authors: Schwartz Marlene B. , Just David R. , Chriqui Jamie F. , Ammerman Alice S. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveAppetite regulation is influenced by the environment, and the environment is shaped by food‐related policies. This review summarizes the environment and policy research portion of an NIH Workshop (Bethesda, MD, 2015) titled “Self‐Regulation of Appetite—It's Complicated.”MethodsIn this paper, we begin by making the case for why policy is an important tool in efforts to improve nutrition, and we introduce an ecological framework that illustrates the multiple layers that influence what people eat. We describe the state of the science on how policies influence behavior in several key areas: the federal food programs, schools, child care, food and beverage pricing, marketing to youth, behavioral economics, and changing defaults. Next, we propose novel approaches for multidisciplinary prevention and intervention strategies to promote breastfeeding, and examine interactions between psychology and the environment.ResultsPolicy and environmental change are the most distal influences on individual‐level appetite regulation, yet these strategies can reach many people at once by changing the environment in which food choices are made. We note the need for more research to understand compensatory behavior, reactance, and how to effectively change social norms.ConclusionsTo move forward, we need a more sophisticated understanding of how individual psychological and biological factors interact with the environment and policy influences.
Introduction to special issue: Self‐regulation of appetite—it's complicated
Authors: Young‐Hyman Deborah 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveA meeting of multidisciplinary biobehavioral scientists and National Institutes of Health (NIH) program staff was convened by the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Office of the Director, NIH to examine mechanisms associated with humans' ability to self‐regulate appetite and appetitive behavior.MethodsBased upon prior discussions of the NIH Obesity Research Task Force Behavioral Phenotyping Work Group, the premise was adopted that, in modern society, multiple factors on multiple levels interact to create circumstances wherein self‐control of appetite is difficult, leading to overconsumption of unhealthy foods versus healthy eating patterns, contributing to our current levels of obesity. Through presentations and group discussions, the panel examined how foundational processes/mechanisms directly and indirectly affect appetitive behavior and how these processes can be manipulated to affect food intake and thereby weight. The meeting identified evidence‐based mechanisms with the potential to impact self‐regulation of appetite and appetitive states (hunger, satiety, food wanting, restraint, reward) and associated behaviors such as overconsumption, eating in the absence of hunger, food seeking, and decision‐making that could inform novel weight intervention strategies in free‐living, nonlaboratory settings.ConclusionThe three summary papers contained in this issue represent the synthesis of the material presented at the meeting and the panel's recommendations on how existing evidence regarding mechanisms and pathways to appetitive behavior can be used to inform future research and novel prevention and intervention strategies to impact prevalence of obesity.
Psychological and neural contributions to appetite self‐regulation
Authors: Stoeckel Luke E. , Birch Leann L. , Heatherton Todd , Mann Traci , Hunter Christine , Czajkowski Susan , Onken Lisa , Berger Paige K. , Savage Cary R. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveThis paper reviews the state of the science on psychological and neural contributions to appetite self‐regulation in the context of obesity.MethodsThree content areas (neural systems and cognitive functions; parenting and early childhood development; and goal setting and goal striving) served to illustrate different perspectives on the psychological and neural factors that contribute to appetite dysregulation in the context of obesity. Talks were initially delivered at an NIH workshop consisting of experts in these three content areas, and then content areas were further developed through a review of the literature.ResultsSelf‐regulation of appetite involves a complex interaction between multiple domains, including cognitive, neural, social, and goal‐directed behaviors and decision‐making. Self‐regulation failures can arise from any of these factors, and the resulting implications for obesity should be considered in light of each domain. In some cases, self‐regulation is amenable to intervention; however, this does not appear to be universally true, which has implications for both prevention and intervention efforts.ConclusionsAppetite regulation is a complex, multifactorial construct. When considering its role in the obesity epidemic, it is advisable to consider its various dimensions together to best inform prevention and treatment efforts.
Elevation of SHARPIN Protein Levels in Prostate Adenocarcinomas Promotes Metastasis and Impairs Patient Survivals
Authors: Huang Hai , Du Tao , Zhang Yiming , Lai Yiming , Li Kaiwen , Fan Xinxing , Zhu Dingjun , Lin Tianxin , Xu Kewei , Huang Jian , Liu Leyuan , Guo Zhenghui 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDSHARPIN, SHANK‐associated RH domain interacting protein, associates with a linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) to regulate inflammation and immunity. It has been reported that SHARPIN is highly expressed in several human tumors including ovarian cancer and liver cancer. We found that SHARPIN is also highly expressed in prostate cancer cell lines of DU145, LNCAP, and PC‐3. Suppression of SHARPIN caused an inhibition of NF‐κB signal and decreases in tumorigenesis of cultured cells in NOD/SCID mouse model. Overexpression of SHARPIN in prostate cancer cells promoted cell growth and reduced apoptosis through NF‐kB/ERK/Akt pathway and apoptosis‐associated proteins.METHODSWe analyzed the expression of SHARPIN in prostate cancer tissues from 95 patients and its relationship with other clinical characteristics associated with PCA malignancies and patient survivals, and examined the impacts of SHARPIN suppression with siRNA on proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and expression levels of MMP‐9 of prostate cancer cells and metastasis to lung by these cells in nude mice.RESULTSHigh levels of SHARPIN were associated with high malignancies of PCA and predicted shorter survivals of PCA patients. Suppression of SHARPIN impaired cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion and reduced levels of MMP‐9 in prostate cancer cells and reduced the size of metastatic lung tumors induced by these cells in mice.CONCLUSIONSSHARPIN enhances the metastasis of prostate cancer and impair patient survivals. Prostate 77:718–728, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphology of Fronto-temporal Regions and Word Generation in First-episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Kasparek Tomas , Kucerova Hana , Prikryl Radovan , Ceskova Eva , Mikl Michal , Krupa Petr 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Fronto-temporal (FT) dysfunction is a characteristic feature of schizophrenia. We tried to find features of brain morphology that are connected with the solving of Verbal Fluency Task (VFT). We hypothesized that verbal fluency results correlate positively with gray and white matter volume in fronto-temporal areas. 25 first-episode schizophrenia men were tested using VFT. Brain morphology–regional gray and white matter volume was analyzed using optimized voxel-based morphometry. Correlations between VFT score and brain morphology were performed using General linear mode — regression analysis. There was a significant positive correlation of regional gray matter and VFT score in the posterior part of superior temporal gyrus, on the borders with middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule. As for the regional white matter volume there was one significant cluster in the depth of the inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis. The ability to generate context appropriate words is not only the result of abnormal FT co-operation or ability to “hire” prefrontal activity when necessary, but also stems from the condition of relevant neuronal networks.
Separately Administered Selective Dopamine D1 and D2 Antagonists do not Affect Performance Accuracy in a Conditional Response Task in Rats
Authors: Moustgaard Anette , Lind Nanna M. , Hau Jann 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The acute effects of separately administered selective dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonists–SCH 23390 and raclopride, respectively–on the performance of a conditional response task were tested in a preliminary (small group, n = 6) study in rats. The effects of four doses of each drug (SCH 23390: 0–0.1 mg/kg; raclopride: 0–0.4 mg/kg) were tested consecutively in the same rats, using blinded Latin square designs. The conditional response task was performed in T-maze using tactile discrimination stimuli and spatial responses. The number of errors was not affected by the dopamine antagonists. However, the average response latency was significantly increased after administration of the highest doses of SCH 23390 and raclopride compared to saline. it seems that antagonism at either D1 or D2 receptors alone is not sufficient to produce impairments in performance accuracy using the present conditional response task.
Human EEG Potentials before Express Saccades
Authors: Moiseeva Vika V. , Shulgovsky Valerii V. , Slavutskaya Maria V. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Using EEG backward averaging method there were fast negative and positive potentials found before regular short latency saccades and express-saccades. These potentials can reflect different stages of presaccadic preparation which include processes of saccadic system release of central fixation, attention disengagement from the central stimulus, decision making and activation of premotor cortical and subcortical structures. There were two schemes of visual stimulus presentation used–“step” and with a 200-ms “gap”. Analysis of parameters and spatiotemporal dynamics of potentials allowed us to assume that express-saccades appear in conditions when the previously selected motor programm and prediction of the target location coincides with the real coordinates of the target. At that optimum preparation of neuronal structure and a high level of readiness and attention are necessary. Decreasing an express-saccade latency can be the result of participation of main oculomotor areas of motor and saccadic planning in express-saccades initiation, particularly by direct signal transferring from the cortex to the saccadic brainstem generator, by-passing superior colliculus. Moreover, to successfully start initiation process and generate express-saccades, release from central fixation and attention disengagement has to begin in advance.
Chaos, Cognition and Disordered Brain
Authors: Bob Petr 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Important feature of chaotic transitions is a self-organization that presents a spontaneous order arising in a system when certain parameters of the system reach critical values. Recent findings suggest that these principles may implicate new concepts for understanding consciousness and cognition. Self-organization may produce random-like processes that could explain “randomness” in neural synchronization related to cognitive functions and consciousness, and also in mental disorganization related to psychopathological phenomena.
Dissociative States and Chaotic Patterns of Electrodermal Activity During Associative Experiment
Authors: Bob Petr , Susta Marek , Glaslova Katerina , Chladek Jan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A dynamic concept of schizophrenia linked to the theory of dissociated complexes was experimentally demonstrated by Jung in “The Psychology of the Dementia Praecox”. According to him, during schizophrenia the psyche is split-off into a plurality of autonomous complexes and the whole personality is pathologically disintegrated. This pathological disintegration is frequently observed in schizophrenic associations that display “chaotic randomness”. The “chaotic randomness” does not mean a true randomness because schizophrenic associations are not without underlying order and causality. An important aspect of schizophrenic dissociation is an extreme subjective sensitivity. These two signs of schizophrenic associations are analogical to known characteristics of chaotic nonlinear dynamical systems. The hypothesis tested in the present study is that neural chaos, calculated from electrodermal activity (EDA), during rest and word-association process is more prominent in schizophrenic patients compared to healthy controls. To test the hypothesis we have measured EDA during the experiment performed in 25 schizophrenic patients and 21 healthy control subjects. Results of nonlinear and statistical analysis indicate that the neural chaos characterized by positive largest Lyapunov exponents during rest and the word-association process is significantly higher in the schizophrenic patients. These data suggest that pseudo-randomness of schizophrenic associations and increased sensitivity related to dissociative states might be linked to the chaotic neural dynamics.
The Necessity for Developing Skill at Mind-Process Observation, and a Suggested Methodology
Authors: Macdonald Copthorne 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Ever since introspectionism was abandoned early in this century, the scientific community has shown little interest in training people to observe the functioning of their own minds with greater than ordinary clarity. Thus, despite advanced academic training and much knowledge about physical phenomena and processes, few consciousness theorists or experimentalists have any special expertise at closely observing mental artifacts and processes. Without observational clarity about the mental, how is that web of physical/mental correlations going to be mapped?
Religious Education As a Prevention of Learned Helplessness and Depression: Theoretical Consideration
Authors: Rotenberg Vadim S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In comparison to the expected outcome of the long lasting suppression and persecution, Jews during centuries demonstrated the relative resistance to stress, learned helplessness and depression.
This article suggests that this resistance may be related to the peculiarity of the traditional Jewish religious education that stimulates intellectual search activity as well as right-hemispheric polysemantic thinking in equilibrium with the left hemispheric verbal thinking.
Default Mode Network Connectivity Differences in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
Authors: Koçak Orhan Murat , Kale Emre , Çiçek Metehan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the brain intrinsic activity during rest might be as significant as task evoked activities and consumes considerable energy linked to neural signaling processes. We performed an fMRI study recently aiming to compare the differences in brain activity between patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and healthy volunteers during a simple suppression paradigm. We hypothesized that the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder would show default mode network (DMN) connectivity dissociations from healthy individuals. OcD patients had higher connectivity (p < 0.05) than controls between right inferior parietal lobe (IPL) and left ventral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC).