bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practice induces a qualitative change in the memory representation for visuomotor learning
Authors: Huberdeau David M. , Krakauer John W. , Haith Adrian M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAdaptation of our movements to changes in the environment is known to be supported by multiple learning processes which act in parallel. An implicit process recalibrates motor output to maintain alignment between intended and observed movement outcomes (“implicit recalibration”). In parallel, an explicit learning process drives more strategic adjustments of behavior, often by deliberately aiming movements away from an intended target (“deliberate re-aiming”). It has long been established that people form a memory for prior experience adapting to a perturbation through the fact that they become able to more rapidly adapt to familiar perturbations (a phenomenon known as “savings”). Repeated exposures to the same perturbation can further strengthen savings. It remains unclear, however, which underlying learning process is responsible for this practice-related improvement in savings. We measured the relative contributions of implicit recalibration and deliberate re-aiming to adaptation during multiple exposures to an alternating sequence of perturbations over two days. We found that the implicit recalibration followed an invariant learning curve despite prolonged practice, and thus exhibited no memory of prior experience. Instead, practice led to a qualitative change in re-aiming which, in addition to supporting savings, became able to be expressed rapidly and automatically. This qualitative change appeared to enable participants to form memories for two opposing perturbations, overcoming interference effects that typically prohibit savings when learning multiple, opposing perturbations. Our results are consistent with longstanding theories that frame skill learning as a transition from deliberate to automatic selection of actions.
A linear-time algorithm to sample the dual-birth model
Authors: Moshiri Niema 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe ability to sample models of tree evolution is essential in the analysis and interpretation of phylogenetic trees. The dual-birth model is an extension of the traditional birth-only model and allows for sampling trees of varying degrees of balance. However, for a tree with n leaves, the tree sampling algorithm proposed in the original paper is 𝒪(n log n). I propose an algorithm to sample trees under the dual-birth model in 𝒪(n), and I provide a fast C++ implementation of the proposed algorithm.
The chain of effects from brand personality and functional congruity to stages of brand loyalty
Authors: Nikhashemi S.R. , Valaei Naser 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the impacts of brand personality and functional congruity on various components of brand loyalty (i.e. cognitive, affective, and conative) by examining the moderating role of gender.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed model is examined by considering car as a product brand stimulus. Using a self-structured questionnaire, 263 usable responses are considered for data analysis by applying the structural equation modelling method.

Findings
The findings indicate that all hypotheses on the relationships between brand personality, functional congruity, and stages of brand loyalty are supported except for the relationship between brand personality and conative loyalty, whereby brand personality indirectly have impacts on conative brand loyalty via functional congruity. The outcome of the multi-group analysis shows that the impact of brand personality and functional congruity on cognitive, affective, and conative brand loyalty varies across gender groups.

Practical implications
The results indicate that if marketing managers are willing to create cognitive, affective as well as conative brand loyalty among consumers, they ought to tally their consumers’ purchasing and evaluation criteria with the functional and symbolic attributes. If the target consumers were motivated to purchase the product based on the symbolic attributes (as preferred by females in the present study), more attention should be focussed on communicating and delivering the symbolic attributes during their marketing campaign; on the other hand, if the consumers were inclined to buy product based on the utilitarian functions (as preferred by males in the current study), more emphasis should be placed on the functional values and attributes.

Originality/value
This study is the first to utilise self-congruity and the elaboration likelihood model to explain the influence of brand personality and functional congruity on each component of brand loyalty within the automobile industry’s context. This study on the moderating role of gender shows that the effect of brand personality and functional congruity is different across gender groups. The findings can help marketers to design an effective brand positioning and marketing strategies in order to stay competitive.
The nature of publicly funded innovation and implications for regional growth
Authors: Brooks Chay , Gherhes Cristian , Vorley Tim , Williams Nick 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to unpack the nature of business innovation and understand the impact on regional innovation and competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a qualitative study of Advanced Manufacturing and Advanced Materials businesses in the Sheffield City Region (UK). Interviews were conducted with 23 firms in exploring how innovation in the firm translates to innovation-led regional economic growth.FindingsThe paper demonstrates that there is a tendency of owner managers to focus on innovation in terms of the development of new products, processes and/or services. Many of the businesses interviewed were technologically innovative, yet there was little evidence of wider business model innovation. This, the authors conclude, stymies regional innovation and with it regional economic growth.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is based on a case study of the Sheffield City Region and is not generalizable, but offers insights into the nature of business model innovation which are valuable in generating questions for further research.Practical implicationsThe paper highlights the need to think of innovation in broader terms and the scope of business model innovation to not only improve the performance of firms but also regional economic growth.Originality/valueBusiness model innovation is a growing domain of the literature, and this paper highlights how narrow interpretations of innovation may serve to limit growth business growth, and with it regional economic growth.
Effects of governance on entrepreneurship: European Union vs non-European Union
Authors: Rodríguez-Gulías María Jesús , de Sousa Gabriel Vítor Manuel , Rodeiro-Pazos David 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of six governance indicators on the rate of creation of new companies between countries that are members of the European Union (EU) and those that are not. H1 states that the various dimensions of governance help to explain the immediate creation of new businesses in European and non-European countries. H2 states that the various dimensions of governance help to explain the deferred creation of new businesses in European and non-European countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses two types of analyses: firstly, univariate analysis, which is a descriptive statistics of the dependent, independent and control variables, and the results of a t-test; and secondly, multivariate analysis, which estimates using the fixed-effects estimator under the specifications previously raised for the subsample of 28 EU countries and for the subsample of 103 non-EU countries during the period 2004-2014.

Findings
The results show that the variables of governance are not significantly higher in the EU, although the density of the enterprises is. Within the governance indicators, government effectiveness is significant in the EU. The results obtained for the EU confirmed H1and H2, with a significant positive effect of government effectiveness on entrepreneurship, while the other governance variables were not significant in the EU subsample. The results obtained for non-EU countries suggest no significant immediate effects (H1) and a slightly significant delayed effect of rule of law on the entrepreneurship (H2) concerned.

Research limitations/implications
Future research in this area could consider introducing another regional division or other types of methodology as variables affect models.

Practical implications
Governance can be defined as the ability of a government and its public institutions to provide services and design, and implement rules, which is a factor that affects the creation of new companies. However, the effect of governance could differ depending on the country and its economic environment. This paper analyses the effect of six governance indicators on the rate of creation of new companies considering two different geographic regions as countries are presumably heterogeneous. Therefore, these results indicate that the effect of governance variables on entrepreneurship differs according to the region.

Social implications
The effect of governance variables on entrepreneurship according to the region is also known.

Originality/value
This study applied panel data analysis to two samples of countries during the period 2004-2014, one formed by 28 countries of the EU and the other by 103 non-EU countries. No other paper considers this number of countries for this period. To assess the impact of governance on the creation of new companies, this paper considered the existence of immediate and deferred effects of governance on entrepreneurship.
Factors influencing users’ subjective well-being: an empirical study based on shared bicycles in China
Authors: Zhang Xin , Ma Liang , Wang Gao Shan 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Bike sharing becomes suddenly hot up in China since the end of 2016. However, few studies have focused on shared bicycle users’ behavior. To fill this research gap, this paper aims to develop an integrated model to investigate factors that affect shared bicycle users’ subjective well-being.

Design/methodology/approach
A field survey with 220 shared bicycle users is conducted to test the research model and hypotheses.

Findings
The highlights are that perceived value has positive effect on users’ life satisfaction. Specially, it is interesting to find that hedonic value has the greatest impact on users’ life satisfaction, followed by social value and utilitarian value. Perceived risks which including privacy risks, financial risks and functional risks act as a moderating role between perceived value and users’ life satisfaction.

Originality/value
First, the authors clear factors that affect users’ subjective well-being from the perspective of perceived value. The results deepen our understanding about the effect of perceived value on users’ subjective well-being. Second, the current researches have ignored the effect of perceived risks on users’ subjective well-being. The authors filled that gap and found that perceived risks which including privacy risks, financial risks and functional risks act as a moderating role between perceived value and users’ subjective well-being.
Modeling geo-homopholy in online social networks for population distribution projection
Authors: Zhang Yuanxing , Li Zhuqi , Bian Kaigui , Bai Yichong , Yang Zhi , Li Xiaoming 
Published: November 2017

PurposeProjecting the population distribution in geographical regions is important for many applications such as launching marketing campaigns or enhancing the public safety in certain densely populated areas. Conventional studies require the collection of people’s trajectory data through offline means, which is limited in terms of cost and data availability. The wide use of online social network (OSN) apps over smartphones has provided the opportunities of devising a lightweight approach of conducting the study using the online data of smartphone apps. This paper aims to reveal the relationship between the online social networks and the offline communities, as well as to project the population distribution by modeling geo-homophily in the online social networks.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors propose the concept of geo-homophily in OSNs to determine how much the data of an OSN can help project the population distribution in a given division of geographical regions. Specifically, the authors establish a three-layered theoretic framework that first maps the online message diffusion among friends in the OSN to the offline population distribution over a given division of regions via a Dirichlet process and then projects the floating population across the regions.FindingsBy experiments over large-scale OSN data sets, the authors show that the proposed prediction models have a high prediction accuracy in characterizing the process of how the population distribution forms and how the floating population changes over time.Originality/valueThis paper tries to project population distribution by modeling geo-homophily in OSNs.
Examining barriers and measures to promote the adoption of green building practices in Pakistan
Authors: Azeem Sana , Naeem Malik Asghar , Waheed Abdul , Thaheem Muhammad Jamaluddin 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the barriers inhibiting the adoption of green building and measures to promote this approach in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
Barriers and measures were identified and examined by using a combination of research methods, including literature review, questionnaire survey, and in-depth interviews with the construction industry-related practitioners working in Pakistan. Ranking technique and factor analysis were used to identify the significant issues associated with the adoption of green building practices.

Findings
As per the survey results, the most critical barrier is “lack of awareness among people about the importance and advantages of adopting green building practices,” followed by “lack of incentives from government” and “lack of green building codes and regulations,” respectively. The results also indicate that most important measure to promote the adoption of green buildings is “creation of public awareness toward green initiatives through seminars, workshops, and discussions,” followed by “availability of green building codes and regulations (mandatory to apply)” and “financial incentives and penalties by the government (e.g. soft loan, tax) for promoting green building practices,” respectively.

Research limitations/implications
Research limitation is that its findings, other than Pakistan, cannot be generalized to other developing countries.

Practical implications
Findings of the research will be helpful in sensitizing the regulatory agencies, the policy makers, and the building construction practitioners about the barriers to adoption of green building practices. The suggested measures will help in devising policies and economic measures to promote the construction of green and environment-friendly buildings.

Social implications
This research will help the common people to know about the importance of green buildings that may lead to a deviation from the practice of traditional buildings to a widespread trend of building green buildings. This will lead to drastic reduction in demand for energy and considerable monetary savings for the common people.

Originality/value
The findings of this study are expected to contribute valuable information to decision makers for the better understanding of key issues that call for more attention in the promotion of efforts of green building practices in Pakistan. The results are based on the perception of local stakeholders, but might also be helpful for policy makers in other countries.
Effects of light and topography on regeneration and coexistence of evergreen and deciduous tree species in a Chinese subtropical forest
Authors: Jin Yi , Russo Sabrina E. , Yu Mingjian 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Evergreen broad‐leaved forests are widely distributed in eastern Asia with evergreen broad‐leaved (EBL) and deciduous broad‐leaved (DBL) tree species coexisting under the same climatic regime, raising questions as to the underlying mechanisms. Since EBL and DBL species differ in leaf life span, a key component of resource economic strategies, their coexistence might be attributed to regeneration niche partitioning across habitats varying in resource supply.

We investigated the effects of variation in insolation and topography on regeneration of EBL and DBL species in a subtropical EBL forest of eastern China after an ice storm that caused severe canopy disturbance.

Using a mixed‐effects modelling framework and census data from 2011 to 2014 on 8,548 wild seedlings of 123 species, we quantified habitat preferences of EBL and DBL species during post‐disturbance regeneration and how their survival and height relative growth rates varied among habitats.

The relative density of DBL seedlings (proportional to all seedlings) was greater in habitats with greater (canopy gaps) compared to habitats with lesser (understorey) insolation and increased with canopy gap size. However, DBL seedlings were not more frequent in higher (valleys) compared to lower (ridges) fertility habitats. Although DBL seedlings exhibited larger differences in growth between higher and lower resource habitats than EBL seedlings, their growth rates did not increase with canopy gap size. Seedlings of EBL species had high survival in all habitats, but larger DBL seedlings survived equally well on ridges. Consequently, the relative density of DBL seedlings declined in valleys, so that by 2014 it became more similar in valley and ridge habitats, whereas it remained higher in gaps than in the understorey, and especially in larger gaps.

Synthesis. Specialization on contrasting topographic habitats is considered the primary mechanism mediating coexistence between deciduous broad‐leaved and evergreen broad‐leaved species. Our results, however, suggest this may not always be true, since seedlings of deciduous broad‐leaved and evergreen broad‐leaved species partitioned regeneration niches based on light more so than topography. We propose that coexistence of deciduous broad‐leaved and evergreen broad‐leaved species can strongly depend upon canopy disturbance to create a mosaic of habitat patches, including high light gaps favouring regeneration of deciduous broad‐leaved species.
A Morphometric Outline Analysis of Ancestry and Sex Differences in Cranial Shape
Authors: Murphy Rachel E. , Garvin Heather M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractForensic anthropological techniques that utilize nonmetric cranial traits to estimate sex and ancestry have historically been criticized for their subjectivity and qualitative nature. Nonmetric traits, however, continue to be valuable tools in identifying remains in forensic investigations. In this study, geometric morphometric analyses of cranial outlines were performed to quantitatively assess population and sex variation in modern human cranial shapes and to verify group differences in previously reported qualitative traits. Elliptical Fourier analysis was conducted on two‐dimensional images of the left lateral, posterior, and superior cranial views from 198 U.S. Black and White crania. Results reveal significant sex and population differences in cranial shape that generally coincide with traditional qualitative descriptions. Although sex classification was relatively low (70.2%), ancestry classification was higher (92.4%), indicating that outline analyses that incorporate multiple nonmetric traits into a single statistical analysis may provide a more objective and accurate means of ancestry classification.
Review shows that implementing a nationwide protocol for congenital diaphragmatic hernia was a key factor in reducing mortality and morbidity
Authors: Storme L , Boubnova J , Mur S , Pognon L , Sharma D , Aubry E , Sfeir R , Vaast P , Rakza T , Benachi A ,   the French Reference Center for Rare Disease «Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia»
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe French Rare Disease Reference Center for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) was created in 2008, to implement a national protocol for foetuses and children with this serious condition. Neonatal mortality from CDH is 30‐40%, mainly due to pulmonary hypoplasia and persistent pulmonary hypertension, and half of those who live have high respiratory, nutritional and digestive morbidity. CDH management requires long‐term and specialised multidisciplinary care. It has been well established that a standardised management protocol improves the prognosis of children with CDH.ConclusionOrganising health care and implementing a nationwide French protocol were key factors for reducing mortality and morbidity from CDH.
Cooperative role of the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor and β3‐adrenergic‐mediated signalling on fat mass reduction through the downregulation of PKA/AKT/AMPK signalling in the adipose tissue and muscle of rats
Authors: Decara J. , Rivera P. , Arrabal S. , Vargas A. , Serrano A. , Pavón F. J. , Dieguez C. , Nogueiras R. , Rodríguez de Fonseca F. , Suárez J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimTo explore the cooperation of GLP‐1 receptor and β3‐adrenergic receptor (β3‐AR)‐mediated signalling in the control of fat mass/feeding behaviour by studying the effects of a combined therapy composed of the GLP‐1R agonist liraglutide and the β3‐AR agonist CL316243.MethodsThe study included the analysis of key mechanisms regulating lipid/cholesterol metabolism, and thermogenesis in brown (BAT) and epididymal white (eWAT) adipose tissues, abdominal muscle and liver of male rats.ResultsCL316243 (1 mg kg−1) and liraglutide (100 μg kg−1) co‐administration over 6 days potentiated an overall negative energy balance (reduction in food intake, body weight gain, fat/non‐fat mass ratio, liver fat content, and circulating levels of non‐essential fatty acids, triglycerides, very low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol and leptin). These effects were accompanied by increased plasma levels of insulin and IL6. We also observed increased gene expression of uncoupling proteins regulating thermogenesis in BAT/eWAT (Ucp1) and muscle (Ucp2/3). Expression of transcription factor and enzymes involved either in de novo lipogenesis (Chrebp, Acaca, Fasn, Scd1, Insig1, Srebp1) or in fatty acid β‐oxidation (Cpt1b) was enhanced in eWAT and/or muscle but decreased in BAT. Pparα and Pparγ, essentials in lipid flux/storage, were decreased in BAT/eWAT but increased in the muscle and liver. Cholesterol synthesis regulators (Insig2, Srebp2, Hmgcr) were particularly over‐expressed in muscle. These GLP‐1R/β3‐AR‐induced metabolic effects were associated with the downregulation of cAMP‐dependent signalling pathways (PKA/AKT/AMPK).ConclusionCombined activation of GLP‐1 and β3‐ARs potentiate changes in peripheral pathways regulating lipid/cholesterol metabolism in a tissue‐specific manner that favours a switch in energy availability/expenditure and may be useful for obesity treatment.
Overcoming the limits of institutional reform in Uganda
Authors: Andrews Matt 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUganda has been a public sector reform leader in Africa, producing many best practice laws and structures. Many reforms are limited to such gains, however, producing new forms that function poorly (laws are often not implemented and processes poorly executed). This article suggests adjustments to the reform agenda that address these limitations and close gaps between what Uganda's system looks like and how it functions. Adjustments involve adopting problem driven iterative adaptation (PDIA), which requires Ugandans to work together actively on their reforms, coming to terms with limits and engaging iteratively to find and fit ways to overcome these limits.