bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutation in the gene encoding 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate synthase 4 (CitACS4) led to andromonoecy in watermelon
Authors: Ji Gaojie , Zhang Jie , Zhang Haiying , Sun Honghe , Gong Guoyi , Shi Jianting , Tian Shouwei , Guo Shaogui , Ren Yi , Shen Huolin , Gao Junping , Xu Yong 
Published: February 2016

SummaryAlthough it has been reported previously that ethylene plays a critical role in sex determination in cucurbit species, how the andromonoecy that carries both the male and hermaphroditic flowers is determined in watermelon is still unknown. Here we showed that the watermelon gene 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate synthase 4 (CitACS4), expressed specifically in carpel primordia, determines the andromonoecy in watermelon. Among four single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and one InDel identified in the coding region of CitACS4, the C364W mutation located in the conserved box 6 was co‐segregated with andromonoecy. Enzymatic analyses showed that the C364W mutation caused a reduced activity in CitACS4. We believe that the reduced CitACS4 activity may hamper the programmed cell death in stamen primordia, leading to the formation of hermaphroditic flowers.
Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Anxiety Rasch‐Transformed Questionnaire (PART‐Q30©)
Authors: Geelen Charlotte C. , Brouwer Brigitte A. , Hoeijmakers Janneke G. J. , Faber Catharina G. , Merkies Ingemar S. J. , Verbunt Jeanine A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe association between painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) and anxiety has been acknowledged using various anxiety scales capturing various fear entities. It has never been examined whether these generally applied anxiety questionnaires could be pooled to construct one overall anxiety metric. After completion by a cohort of 151 patients with PDN, data obtained from seven generally applied fear scales were stacked (n = 88 items) and subjected to Rasch analyses (pre‐PART‐Q88) to create the PDN overall Anxiety Questionnaire (PART‐Q30©). We subsequently examined the impact of the final constructed PART‐Q30© on disability and Quality of Life (QoL) using the Rasch‐Transformed Pain Disability Index (RT‐PDI) and the Norfolk Quality of Life Questionnaire, Diabetic Neuropathy version (RT‐Norfolk). The pre‐PART‐Q88 data did not meet Rasch model's expectations. Through stepwise examination for model fit, disordered thresholds, local dependency and item bias, we succeeded in reducing the data and constructing a 30 items overall anxiety scale (PART‐Q30©) that fulfilled all model's expectations, including unidimensionality. An acceptable internal reliability was found (person‐separation‐index: 0.90). PART‐Q30© explained 36% of disability and combined with RT‐PDI 63% of QoL (assessed with RT‐Norfolk).
Exporting Liquidity: Branch Banking and Financial Integration
Authors: GILJE ERIK P. , LOUTSKINA ELENA , STRAHAN PHILIP E. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTUsing exogenous liquidity windfalls from oil and natural gas shale discoveries, we demonstrate that bank branch networks help integrate U.S. lending markets. Banks exposed to shale booms enjoy liquidity inflows, which increase their capacity to originate and hold new loans. Exposed banks increase mortgage lending in nonboom counties, but only where they have branches and only for hard‐to‐securitize mortgages. Our findings suggest that contracting frictions limit the ability of arm's length finance to integrate credit markets fully. Branch networks continue to play an important role in financial integration, despite the development of securitization markets.
Information in the Term Structure of Yield Curve Volatility
Authors: CIESLAK ANNA , POVALA PAVOL 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTUsing a novel no‐arbitrage model and extensive second‐moment data, we decompose conditional volatility of U.S. Treasury yields into volatilities of short‐rate expectations and term premia. Short‐rate expectations become more volatile than premia before recessions and during asset market distress. Correlation between shocks to premia and shocks to short‐rate expectations is close to zero on average and varies with the monetary policy stance. While Treasuries are nearly unexposed to variance shocks, investors pay a premium for hedging variance risk with derivatives. We illustrate the dynamics of the yield volatility components during and after the financial crisis.
Local Currency Sovereign Risk
Authors: DU WENXIN , SCHREGER JESSE 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTWe introduce a new measure of emerging market sovereign credit risk: the local currency credit spread, defined as the spread of local currency bonds over the synthetic local currency risk‐free rate constructed using cross‐currency swaps. We find that local currency credit spreads are positive and sizable. Compared with credit spreads on foreign‐currency‐denominated debt, local currency credit spreads have lower means, lower cross‐country correlations, and lower sensitivity to global risk factors. We discuss several major sources of credit spread differentials, including positively correlated credit and currency risk, selective default, capital controls, and various financial market frictions.
Expression of stem cell‐regulating miRNAs in oral cavity and oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Brito Bárbara de Lima , Lourenço Silvia Vanessa , Damascena Aline Santos , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Soares Fernando Augusto , Coutinho‐Camillo Cláudia Malheiros 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common tumor worldwide and is histologically heterogeneous. Studies have demonstrated the presence of stem cell markers in HNSCC, and microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as powerful regulators of differentiation, controlling the self‐renewal of stem cells. miRNAs are non‐coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post‐transcriptionally. Many miRNAs have been described as regulators of stem cells in different types of cancer.MethodsWe have analyzed the expression of let‐7a, miR‐34, miR‐125b, miR‐138, miR‐145, miR‐183, miR‐200b, miR‐203, and miR‐205 by real‐time RT‐PCR (qPCR), in 35 oral cavity and oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples and 10 non‐neoplastic oral mucosa controls, to determine possible associations between the expression of these miRNAs and clinical and pathological features of these tumors.ResultsWe observed downregulation of miR‐200b and miR‐203 in 60.0% and 71.4% of the samples, respectively. Upregulation of miR‐138 and miR‐183 was observed in 50.0% of the samples. Downregulation of let‐7a was associated with perineural invasion. Upregulation of miR‐138, miRNA‐145, and miR‐205 was associated with advanced tumor stages, vascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis, respectively.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence of the expression of miRNAs associated with stem cell regulation in oral cavity and oropharynx SCC and the association of these miRNAs with clinical and pathological features of these tumors.
Tissue microarray use for immunohistochemical study of ameloblastoma
Authors: Neves‐Silva Rodrigo , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , de Jesus Adriana Souza , Pontes Hélder Antônio Rebelo , Rocha André Caroli , Brandão Thais Bianca , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Lopes Márcio Ajudarte , de Almeida Oslei Paes , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundAmeloblastoma is a locally aggressive odontogenic tumor with high rates of recurrence. To better understand the molecular basis of ameloblastoma, tissue microarray (TMA) may represent a useful tool. However, despite TMA has been considered a high‐throughput technique for different human neoplasms, it remains to be validated in the ameloblastoma context. Therefore, the objective of this study was to validate TMA for immunohistochemical study of ameloblastoma, determining its most appropriate design.MethodsForty cases of ameloblastoma were manually distributed in two TMA blocks assembled in triplicate containing 1.0‐ and 2.0‐mm cores (20 cases each). Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins 14 and 19, and Bcl‐2 and Ki‐67 was performed, and semiquantitative analysis was performed. Results obtained with TMA sections were compared to their corresponding conventional whole‐section slides (CWSS).ResultsKappa statistical test demonstrated that both 1.0‐ and 2.0‐mm cores assessed as duplicate or triplicate significantly correlated with CWSS, with higher levels obtained using Ki67 (k = 0.98, 0.97, 0.88, 0.87) and CK19 (k = 0.62, 0.58, 0.85, 0.85). There was no significant difference between 1.0‐ and 2.0‐mm cores, and between duplicate and triplicate values. 1.0‐mm TMA showed a higher index of core loss (33.74% vs. 4.99%).ConclusionUsing a manual arrayer, it was demonstrated that 1.0‐mm TMA arranged in duplicate is a valid method for ameloblastoma immunohistochemical study with satisfactory levels of agreement between TMA cylinders and CWSS.
Effects of physical form of starter and forage provision to young calves on blood metabolites, liver composition and intestinal morphology
Authors: Moeini H. , Mahdavi A. H. , Riasi A. , Ghorbani G. R. , Oskoueian E. , Khan M. A. , Ghaffari M. H. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis study evaluated the effects of physical form of starter feed and forage provision on the performance, blood metabolites, liver composition and intestinal morphology of dairy calves. Individually housed calves (n = 52; body weight = 41.5 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly allocated (n = 13 per treatment) to one of the following four treatments: (i) ground starter feed (GS; mean particle size = 0.72 mm in diameter), (ii) textured starter feed (TS; mean particle size = 3.61 mm in diameter, including steam‐flaked corn and barley), (iii) pelleted starter feed (PS; mean particle size = 4.53 mm in diameter) and (iv) ground starter feed with chopped alfalfa hay (GS + AH; mean particle size = 1.02 mm in diameter). The calves fed GS + AH diets had greater (p < 0.01) starter intake, final body weight and average daily gain compared with the other groups, while GS and TS groups both had greater (p < 0.01) starter intake than the PS group. Feed efficiency was found to be better (p < 0.05) in the TS group than in the GS or PS group, but not different from the GS + AH one. Compared with the other groups, the GS + AH group had the highest (p < 0.01), while the PS one had the lowest (p < 0.01) concentrations of blood glucose and triglyceride. The calves fed GS + AH had the highest blood concentrations of total protein, globulin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), T3 : T4 ratio (p < 0.05) and levels of fat and glycogen in the liver (p < 0.01) compared with the other groups. The highest (p < 0.05) liver glycogen contents were observed in the GS + AH and TS groups. The duodenum, ileum and jejunum in the calves fed GS + AH exhibited a greater muscle layer thickness (p < 0.05) compared with the other groups. Based on the results obtained, the addition of dietary forage to starter diets positively influenced performance, liver composition and intestinal morphology in developing calves.
Less contribution of mast cells to the progression of renal fibrosis in Rat kidneys with chronic renal failure
Authors: Baba Asuka , Tachi Masahiro , Ejima Yutaka , Endo Yasuhiro , Toyama Hiroaki , Saito Kazutomo , Abe Nozomu , Yamauchi Masanori , Miura Chieko , Kazama Itsuro 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimChronic renal failure (CRF) is histopathologically characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis in addition to glomerulosclerosis. Although mast cells are known to infiltrate into the kidneys with chronic inflammation, we know little about their contribution to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis associated with CRF. The aim of this study was to reveal the involvement of mast cells in the progression of renal fibrosis in CRF.MethodsUsing a rat model with CRF resulting from 5/6 nephrectomy, we examined the histopathological features of the kidneys and the infiltration of mast cells into the renal interstitium. By treating the rats with a potent mast cell stabilizer, tranilast, we also examined the involvement of mast cells in the progression of renal fibrosis associated with CRF.ResultsThe CRF rat kidneys were characterized by the wide staining of collagen III and increased number of myofibroblasts, indicating the progression of renal fibrosis. Compared to T‐lymphocytes or macrophages, the number of tryptase‐positive mast cells was much smaller within the fibrotic kidneys and they did not proliferate in situ. The mRNA expression of mast cell‐derived fibroblast‐activating factors was not increased in the renal cortex isolated from CRF rat kidneys. Treatment with tranilast did not suppress the progression of renal fibrosis, nor did it ameliorate the progression of glomerulosclerosis and the interstitial proliferation of inflammatory leukocytes.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated for the first time that mast cells are neither increased nor activated in the fibrotic kidneys of CRF rats. Compared to T‐lymphocytes or macrophages that proliferate in situ within the fibrotic kidneys, mast cells were less likely to contribute to the progression of renal fibrosis associated with CRF.
Time‐invariant differences between plant individuals in interactions with arthropods correlate with intraspecific variation in plant phenology, morphology and floral scent
Authors: Kuppler Jonas , Höfers Maren K. , Wiesmann Lisa , Junker Robert R. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe basic units of ecological and evolutionary processes are individuals. Network studies aiming to infer mechanisms from complex systems, however, usually focus on interactions between species, not individuals. Accordingly, the structure and underlying mechanisms of individual‐based interaction networks remain largely unknown.In a common garden, we recorded all interactions on flowers and leaves of 97Sinapis arvensisindividuals from seedling stage to fruit set and related interindividual differences in interactions to the plant individuals’ phenotypes.The plant individuals significantly differed in their quantitative and qualitative interactions with arthropods on flowers and leaves. These differences remained stable over the entire season and thus were time‐invariant. Variation in interacting arthropod communities could be explained by a pronounced intraspecific variability in flowering phenology, morphology and flower scent, and translated into variation in reproductive success. Interestingly, plant individuals with a similar composition of flower visitors were also visited by a similar assemblage of interaction partners at leaves.Our results show that the nonuniformity of plant species has pronounced effects in community ecology, potentially with implications for the persistence of communities and populations, and their ability to withstand environmental fluctuations.
Eosinophilic enteritis due to cow's milk allergy: Possible cause of anastomosis failure following repair of focal intestinal perforation
Authors: Yokoyama Satoshi , Sekioka Akinori , Utsunomiya Hirofumi , Yokoyama Koji , Ikeda Yuka , Hara Shigeto , Yoshida Akira 
Published: February 2016

AbstractReports of cow's milk allergy (CMA) after neonatal gastrointestinal surgery have recently increased. In recent years it has been suggested that the development of CMA after gastrointestinal surgery in newborn infants is due to an immune function. In addition, the development of CMA might be synergistically exacerbated by congenital abnormalities of the intestinal mucosa, general conditional changes and local damage to the intestine by invasive surgery, and poor pre‐ or post‐surgical nutrition. CMA manifests as a variety of symptoms, such as mild vomiting and bloody stool, decreased activity, poor oral intake, and ileus. CMA may also rarely cause gastrointestinal perforation. Here, we report the case of a newborn infant who developed CMA following repair of focal small intestinal perforation, in which eosinophilic enteritis was suspected to be a possible cause of anastomosis leakage.
Glioblastoma in long‐term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Report of two cases
Authors: Wang Zi , Terakawa Yuzo , Goto Hiroyuki , Tsuyuguchi Naohiro , Sato Hidetoshi , Abe Junya , Ohata Kenji 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common form of cancer in children. Second neoplasms as late effects of therapy for ALL have been recognized as a significant clinical issue given the increasing number of long‐term survivors of ALL, because they can be the cause of death in such cases. In contrast, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. It is a malignant brain tumor that most often occurs in elderly patients, and GBM in young adults or adolescents appears to be rare. Here, we describe our experience of two cases of GBM in young long‐term survivors of ALL, and emphasize the necessity of careful follow up of patients treated for ALL for the potential occurrence of central nervous system second neoplasms, especially when the patients have previously undergone cranial radiotherapy.
Giant cell hepatitis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a Korean infant
Authors: Cho Myung Hyun , Park Hee Sun , Han Hye Seung , Bae Sun Hwan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGiant cell hepatitis (GCH) with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA) is a very rare disease characterized by early onset and severe clinical manifestations, including immune hemolytic anemia and hepatitis with cholestasis. The prognosis is poor despite aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. We report here the first case of GCH with AHA in East Asia. A 2‐month‐old boy was admitted with jaundice. Blood test indicated abnormal liver function and low hemoglobin. Direct Coombs test and several autoantibodies associated with liver disease were positive, and liver biopsy was consistent with GCH. He was treated with prednisolone and ursodeoxycholic acid, and at the time of writing was in clinical and biochemical remission after prednisolone was stopped.
Now how do we get them home? Outpatient care of pediatric patients on mechanical circulatory support
Authors: Conway Jennifer , VanderPluym Christina , Jeewa Aamir , Sinnadurai Selvi , Schubert Amanda , Lorts Angela 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe last five yr have been monumental for the pediatric heart failure community. In the US, the most notable has been the FDA approval of the first pediatric specific device (Berlin Heart EXCOR®; Berlin Heart, Inc., Berlin, Germany). Subsequently, the field of heart failure has gained a great deal of knowledge regarding the nuances of MCS in children. Despite FDA approval in the US, the Berlin EXCOR® is only currently indicated for in‐hospital use. Due to the limitations with discharge and the positive in‐ hospital experiences with the Berlin EXCOR®, there has been an increased interest in the implantation of adult durable devices into children. While many institutions have focused their intial efforts on the first phase of care within the hospital, they are now ready to tackle the challenge of how to safely transition children to the community setting.
Trait anxiety but not state anxiety level associates with biomarkers for hypertension in the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Lemche Alexandra V. , Chaban Oleg S. , Lemche Erwin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractVarious studies link hypertension with anxiety; however, it remains unclarified if such relations are present in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We studied cross‐sectionally the interrelations of self‐reported anxiety (Spielberger STAI), and MetS components in MetS patients. We investigated a nationally sampled treatment cohort for MetS with familial Type 2 diabetes risk. N = 101 patients fulfilling International Diabetes Federation criteria for MetS participated. Both laboratory and nonlaboratory measures were included. Structural equation models (SEM) were adjusted. The final SEM had an R2 = .998 with the obesity component linking to waist, BMI, and degree of adiposity, and the hypertension component linking to systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, total cholesterol, and trait anxiety. For state anxiety, no significant regressive causal path could be estimated. SEM supports the assumption of an interaction of pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol metabolism, and high trait anxiety in the pathophysiology of hypertension in MetS.
Role of voltage‐gated calcium channels in the regulation of aldosterone production from zona glomerulosa cells of the adrenal cortex
Authors: Barrett Paula Q. , Guagliardo Nick A. , Klein Peter M. , Hu Changlong , Breault David T. , Beenhakker Mark P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractZona glomerulosa cells (ZG) of the adrenal gland constantly integrate fluctuating ionic, hormonal and paracrine signals to control the synthesis and secretion of aldosterone. These signals modulate Ca2+ levels, which provide the critical second messenger to drive steroid hormone production. Angiotensin II is a hormone known to modulate the activity of voltage‐dependent L‐ and T‐type Ca2+ channels that are expressed on the plasma membrane of ZG cells in many species. Because the ZG cell maintains a resting membrane voltage of approximately −85 mV and has been considered electrically silent, low voltage‐activated T‐type Ca2+ channels are assumed to provide the primary Ca2+ signal that drives aldosterone production. However, this view has recently been challenged by human genetic studies identifying somatic gain‐of‐function mutations in L‐type CaV1.3 channels in aldosterone‐producing adenomas of patients with primary hyperaldosteronism. We provide a review of these assumptions and challenges, and update our understanding of the state of the ZG cell in a layer in which native cellular associations are preserved. This updated view of Ca2+ signalling in ZG cells provides a unifying mechanism that explains how transiently activating CaV3.2 channels can generate a significant and recurring Ca2+ signal, and how CaV1.3 channels may contribute to the Ca2+ signal that drives aldosterone production.
image
Treatment of unstable osteochondritis dissecans in adults with autogenous osteochondral grafts (Mosaicplasty): long-term results
Authors: Ronga Mario , Stissi Placido , La Barbera Giuseppe , Valoroso Marco , Angeretti Gloria , Genovese Eugenio , Cherubino Paolo 
Published: February 2016

Purpose: the unstable osteochondritis dissecans (OCD-type II and III according to the ICRs classification) of the knee largher than > 2.5 cm2 in adults are uncommon lesions and there is no consensus on how to treat them. Medium-term studies have reported good re sults using autogenous osteochondral plugs (mosaicplasty). The aim of this study is to analyze the long-term results of this technique for the treatment of unstable OCD in a selected group of adult patients.
Methods: four patients with OCD at either one of the femoral condyles were included in this prospective study. The average age was 21.2 years (range, 18-24 years). The OCD lesions were classified as type II in three patients and type III in one patient and the average size was 3.8 cm2 (range, 2.55-5.1 cm2 ). The lesions were treated in situ with a variable number of autogenous osteochondral plugs (Ø 4.5 mm2). The Modified Cincinnati, Lysholm II and Tegner scores were used for clinical and functional evaluation. Magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) was performed before surgery and at 2, 5 and 10 years after surgery. A modified MOCART score was used to evaluate MRA findings.
Results: the average follow-up duration was ten years and 6 months (range, 10-11 years). No complications occurred. At the final follow-up, all scores (clinical, functional and MOCART) improved. In all but one of the patients MRA showed complete osteochondral repair.
Conclusions: the fixation of large and unstable OCD lesions with mosaicplasty may be a good option for treating type II or III OCD lesions in adults. The advantages of this technique include stable fixation, promotion of blood supply to the base of the OCD fragment, and grafting of autologous cancellous bone that stimulates healing with preservation of the articular surface.
Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic case series.