bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The root cause of disruptive NTMs and paths to stable operation in DIII-D ITER baseline scenario plasmas
Authors: Bardoczi L. , Richner N.J. , Logan N.C. , Strait E.J. , Holcomb C.T. , Zhu J. , Rea C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Analyses of the DIII-D ITER Baseline Scenario database support that the disruptive m,n=2,1 magnetic islands are pressure gradient driven, non-linear instabilities seeded in a sequence of stochastic transient magnetic perturbations, and that the current profile relaxation does not affect the m,n=2,1 island onset rate. At low torque, these Neoclassical Tearing Modes are most commonly seeded by non-linear 3-wave coupling when the differential rotation between the q=1 & q=2 rational surfaces approaches zero. Lack of statistically significant difference between the current profiles of stable and unstable states, as well as lack of correlation between the tearing mode onset rate and the current profile relaxation both reject causality between the current profile evolution and the 2,1 magnetic island onsets in these plasmas. These support that preserving the differential rotation between the q=1 and q=2 rational surfaces is key to long pulse stable operation in the plasma scenario planned for ITER, while optimization of the current profile within the explored parameter space may lead to much weaker improvements than sustaining the differential rotation.
A theoretical strain transfer model analysis of the substrate-bonded FBG sensor considering the influence of groove
Authors: Zhao Yingjiang , Li Mengzhen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study introduces a novel theoretical model for
substrate-bonded FBG sensors aimed at eliminating strain transfer
error by considering the influence of the groove. The model
comprises two main components: the encapsulated FBG and the
substrate, with an assumptive plane acting as the connecting
link. The strain transfer relationship between the substrate-bonded
FBG sensor and the host material is deduced. Validation of the
theoretical predictions is achieved through finite element numerical
analysis and experimental validation, demonstrating good agreement
between the calculated values and both numerical simulation values
and experimental observations. Additionally, parametric analysis is
conducted to explore the impact of material and geometric features
on the strain transfer coefficient and the average strain transfer
coefficient.
A method of increasing the interquadrant resistance of four-quadrant p-i-n photodiodes
Authors: Kukurudziak M.S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The paper investigates the influence of the insulation
resistance of the responsive elements and the guard ring of a
silicon 4-quadrant photodiode on its dark currents. It was found
that a decrease in the insulation resistance leads to an increase in
the dark current of the guard ring and responsive elements. It was
found that the insulation resistance deteriorates due to the
formation of surface inversion layers at the interface
Si-SiO2. A method of increasing the insulation resistance of
the active elements of the photodiode by etching oxide in the gaps
between the responsive elements is proposed, thereby removing the
conductive inversion channels. In the absence of an increase in the
insulation resistance after these modifications, it is proposed to
etch the surface layer of silicon in the gaps between the responsive
elements by chemical-dynamic polishing with a gold masking
layer. The proposed methods make it possible to significantly reduce
the dark currents of the photodiodes, increase the insulation
resistance between the responsive elements, and increase the
percentage of yield of suitable products.
Coherent X-ray emission from relativistic electrons in a three-layer target
Authors: Noskov A.V. , Blazhevich S.V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a coherent X-ray radiation of relativistic
electrons in a composite target is developed. The composite target
consists of two amorphous layers and one layer having a structure of
a periodic layered medium with three different layers per period,
located at a given angle relative to the target surface. The paper
considers coherent X-ray radiation behind the rear surface of a
target, i.e. radiation in a periodic layered medium, in the Laue
scattering geometry. Within the framework of the two-wave
approximation of the dynamic theory of X-ray diffraction in a
periodic layered medium, expressions are obtained that describe the
amplitudes of parametric X-ray radiation and diffracted transition
radiation. Then, the case when the second layer is a vacuum is
considered. Expressions are obtained that describe the
spectral-angular and angular densities of PXR, DTR and their
interference. The possibility of significantly increasing the
spectral-angular density of DTR due to the total contribution to it
of transition radiation waves from the amorphous layer, the front
boundary of the periodic layered structure and their constructive
interference is shown. The possibility of increasing the
spectral-angular and angular densities of DTR due to the choice of
the asymmetry of the reflection of the electron field and X-ray
radiation in the third layer is shown.
Bringing Identity Back in the “Arab Uprisings”
Authors: Toska Silvana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the causal mechanism of the theory: how an identity neighborhood revolt influences the possibility of revolt elsewhere through the emotional diffusion and cognitive liberation to which it gives rise. It provides an overview of the diffusion of the Arab Uprisings preceded by a historical analysis of the nature of the shared identity between Arab countries. It uses evidence from interviews with revolutionaries to show whether the proposed mechanisms—emotional arousal and cognitive liberation—are activated during the spread of revolt. It shows that revolts in countries that do not share a close identity—such as the Iranian Green Revolution of 2009—barely resonated with activists in the rest of the Middle East. It also provides a bird’s eye view of the preexisting mobilizing structures in the Middle East and shows how revolt was more likely to spread to those countries that had them.
Syria and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Toska Silvana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines a negative case, the nonspread of revolt to Saudi Arabia, as well as the violent revolt-turned-civil war in Syria. According to the theory put forth in this book, both countries should have experienced mobilizing emotions due to their shared identity with Tunisia and Egypt, but neither country should have erupted in revolt. Yet, Syria did. The first half of the chapter shows how even though revolt erupted in Syria, it did so in areas with preexisting opportunity structures. It then shows how the disjointed nature of the opposition made it easier for the military to stay loyal to the regime. The analysis of the Saudi Arabian case—the revolution that never happened—shows how emotional mobilization from neighboring events is insufficient for revolt and domestic opportunity structures are essential for mobilization.
A note on “Simple graphical rules to assess selection bias in general-population and selected-sample treatment effects” by M. B. Mathur and I. Shpitser
Authors: Stanghellini Elena , Doretti Marco , Tezuka Taiki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This short note is a commentary on a 2024 article by Mathur and Shpitser in the Journal, with the aim to enlarge the class of graphs for which the conditional average treatment effect is nonparametrically identified, by allowing the outcome to be on the pathway between the treatment and the selection indicator. A first straightforward generalization is possible when (1) the outcome $Y$ is binary, and (2) the population prevalence of $Y$ is known a priori or can be made the object of a sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, identification of the effect is possible also for $Y$ having any nature, provided that a selection bias breaking node $V$ exists and the population prevalence of $V$ is known.
Chronic binge alcohol mediated hepatic metabolic adaptations in SIV-infected female rhesus macaques
Authors: Gallegos Eden M , Simon Liz , Molina Patricia E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
As the interactions of alcohol and HIV/SIV infection and their impact on liver metabolic homeostasis remain to be fully elucidated, this study aimed to determine alcohol-mediated hepatic adaptations of metabolic pathways in SIV/ART-treated female rhesus macaques fed a nutritionally balanced diet.

Methods
Macaques were administered chronic binge alcohol (CBA; 13–14 g ethanol/kg/week for 14.5 months; n = 7) or vehicle (VEH; n = 8) for 14.5 months. Livers were excised following an overnight fast. Gene and protein expression, enzymatic activity, and lipid content were determined using frozen tissue and histological staining was performed using paraffin-embedded tissue.

Results
CBA/SIV macaques showed increased hepatic protein expression of electron transport Complex III and increased gene expression of glycolytic (phosphofructokinase and aldolase) and gluconeogenic (pyruvate carboxylase) enzymes and of genes involved in lipid turnover homeostasis (perilipin 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, carbohydrate responsive binding protein, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase B) as compared to that of livers from the VEH/SIV group. Plasma triglyceride concentration had a significant positive association with liver triglyceride content in the CBA/SIV group.

Conclusions
These results reflect CBA-associated alterations in expression of proteins and genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism homeostasis without significant evidence of steatosis or dysglycemia. Whether these changes predispose to greater liver pathology upon consumption of a high fat/high sugar diet that is more aligned with dietary intake of PWH and/or exposure to additional environmental factors warrants further investigation.
Identification of sesquiterpene aldehydes as volatile antifungal compounds in Phaeolepiota aurea culture filtrate
Authors: Seki Kota , Tanaka Tomoya , Shimoda Emiko , Tanio Shinji , Yanagita Ryo C , Miyazaki Tsugumi , Tokumoto Kento , Tazawa Toshiaki , Osaki-Oka Kumiko , Ishihara Atsushi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The culture filtrate extract of golden bootleg (Phaeolepiota aurea) exhibited strong antifungal activity in a bioassay for volatile compounds. Purification of active compounds through silica gel column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography isolated two compounds, 1 and 2, with molecular weights of 234 and 259, respectively, as confirmed by mass spectrometry. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis identified these compounds as new sesquiterpenoids with the α-bourbonene skeleton. Both compounds had an aldehyde group, while 2 possessed a cyanohydrin group. These compounds were named phaeolep aldehydes A (1) and B (2). Phaeolep aldehyde A inhibited hyphae elongation of Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, and Alternaria brassicicola at 10 ppm, but did not exhibit any antibacterial activity. In contrast, phaeolep aldehyde B exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the spore germination of Pe. citrinum, achieving 58.2% inhibition at 0.25 ppm, outperforming phaeolep aldehyde A, which exhibited 25.7% inhibition at 10 ppm.
Small interfering RNA microneedle patches versus silicone sheets in reducing postoperative scars: a randomized single-blinded intraindividually controlled clinical trial
Authors: Lim Delwyn Zhi Jie , Chun Yong Yao , Tan Faith Nicole Shih Yun , Monteiro Amelia Yuting , Cheng Hui Mei , Lee Jia Yi , Tan Yingrou , Tan Timothy T Y , Tey Hong Liang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
A common complication of wounds is the excessive production of fibrotic scar tissue, which can lead to hypertrophic scars or keloids. Currently, no treatments with good evidence for preventing excessive scar tissue formation are available. We explored the use of microneedle patches containing small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit SPARC mRNA in reducing the volume of postoperative scars.

Objectives
To compare differences in postoperative scar volume with the daily application of siRNA-embedded dissolving microneedle patches vs. silicone sheets.

Methods
This was an 8-week, single-blinded intraindividually controlled randomized trial at a tertiary dermatological centre. Patients with 2-week-old postoperative wounds were included. Each half of the scar was randomly assigned to the microneedle patch or silicone sheet. Three-dimensional (3D) volumes were obtained from the scars via a high-resolution scanner at days 0, 30 and 60. The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000558729).

Results
At day 30, scars treated with microneedle patches had a lower geometric mean volume of 0.79 mm3 vs. scars treated with silicone sheets, with a difference in mean percentage volume reduction of 10.7%. At day 60, scars treated with microneedle patches had a statistically significant lower volume (8.88 mm3) compared with the side treated with silicone sheets (12.77 mm3; P = 0.005), with a difference in mean percentage reduction of 9.7%. Additionally, there was also a statistically significant difference between the percentage reduction in scar volume vs. baseline on the side treated with microneedle patches (mean 83.8%) compared with the side treated with silicone sheets (mean 74.1%).

Conclusions
There was a significantly greater reduction in the volume of postoperative scars on the side of the scar treated with microneedle patches compared with the side treated with silicone sheets. This demonstrates the use of transdermal gene-silencing technology in scar inhibition and that siRNA microneedle patches can be effective and safe in reducing scar tissue formation.
The single-phase computed tomographic angiography clot burden score is independently associated with digital subtraction angiography derived American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology collateral score
Authors: Lakhani Dhairya A , Balar Aneri B , Koneru Manisha , Wen Sijin , Ozkara Burak Berksu , Wang Richard , Hoseinyazdi Meisam , Nabi Mehreen , Mazumdar Ishan , Cho Andrew , Chen Kevin , Sepehri Sadra , Xu Risheng , Urrutia Victor , Albers Greg W , Rai Ansaar T , Yedavalli Vivek S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The variation in quality and quantity of collateral status (CS) is in part responsible for a wide variability in extent of neural damage following acute ischemic stroke from large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO). Single-phase CTA based clot burden score (CBS) is a promising marker in estimating CS. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of pretreatment CTA based CBS with the reference standard Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) based American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (ASITN) CS.

Methods
In this retrospective study, inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Anterior circulation LVO confirmed on CTA from January 9, 2017 to January 10, 2023; (2) diagnostic CTA; and (3) underwent mechanical thrombectomy with documented DSA CS. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, multivariate logistic regression and ROC analysis was performed to assess the correlation of CTA CBS with DSA CS. P ≤ .05 was considered significant.

Results
292 consecutive patients (median age = 68 years; 56.2% female) met our inclusion criteria. CTA CBS and DSA CS showed significant positive correlation (ρ = 0.51, P &lt; .001). On multivariate logistic regression analysis CBS was found to be independently associated with DSA CS (adjusted OR = 1.83, P &lt; .001, 95% CI: 1.54-2.19), after adjusting for age, sex, race, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, atrial fibrillation, premorbid mRS, admission NIH stroke scale, and ASPECTS. ROC analysis of CBS in predicting good DSA CS showed AUC of 0.76 (P &lt; .001; 95% CI: 0.68-0.82). CBS threshold of &gt; 6 has 84.6% sensitivity and 42.3% specificity in predicting good DSA CS.

Conclusion
CTA CBS is independently associated with DSA CS and serves as a valuable supplementary tool for CS estimation. Further research is necessary to enhance our understanding of the role of CTA CBS in clinical decision-making for patients with AIS-LVO.

Advances in knowledge
CBS by indirectly estimating CS has shown to predict outcomes in AIS-LVO patients. No studies report association of CBS with reference standard DSA. In this study we further establish CBS as an independent marker of CS.
Appendiceal intussusception due to endometriosis presenting as acute right lower quadrant pain
Authors: O. El Sadaney Ahmed , Sandhu Ariel D , Parvinian Ahmad , Nehra Avinash , Suman Garima 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Appendiceal intussusception is a rare condition characterized by the telescoping or invagination of a portion or the entire appendix into the caecum or within the appendix itself. Diagnosing appendiceal intussusception can be challenging due to its rarity, non-specific symptoms, and lack of awareness among physicians. We present a case report of appendiceal intussusception caused by endometriosis presenting with recurrent abdominal pain in a young female that was initially missed on CT scan and laparoscopy and eventually diagnosed on CT enterography.
iTBS reveals the roles of domain-general cognitive control and language-specific brain regions during word formation rule learning
Authors: Ren Lanlan , Lv Mengjie , Wang Xiyuan , Schwieter John W , Liu Huanhuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Repeated exposure to word forms and meanings improves lexical knowledge acquisition. However, the roles of domain-general and language-specific brain regions during this process remain unclear. To investigate this, we applied intermittent theta burst stimulation over the domain-general (group left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and domain-specific (Group L IFG) brain regions, with a control group receiving sham intermittent theta burst stimulation. Intermittent theta burst stimulation effects were subsequently assessed in functional magnetic resonance imaging using an artificial word learning task which consisted of 3 learning phases. A generalized psychophysiological interaction analysis explored the whole brain functional connectivity, while dynamic causal modeling estimated causal interactions in specific brain regions modulated by intermittent theta burst stimulation during repeated exposure. Compared to sham stimulation, active intermittent theta burst stimulation improved word learning performance and reduced activation of the left insula in learning phase 2. Active intermittent theta burst stimulation over the domain-general region increased whole–brain functional connectivity and modulated effective connectivity between brain regions during repeated exposure. This effect was not observed when active intermittent theta burst stimulation was applied to the language-specific region. These findings suggest that the domain-general region plays a crucial role in word formation rule learning, with intermittent theta burst stimulation enhancing whole-brain connectivity and facilitating efficient information exchange between key brain regions during new word learning.
Alpha oscillations during visual selective attention are aberrant in youth and adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Hoffman Rashelle M , Trevarrow Michael P , Lew Brandon J , Wilson Tony W , Kurz Max J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Our understanding of the neurobiology underlying cognitive dysfunction in persons with cerebral palsy is very limited, especially in the neurocognitive domain of visual selective attention. This investigation utilized magnetoencephalography and an Eriksen arrow-based flanker task to quantify the dynamics underlying selective attention in a cohort of youth and adults with cerebral palsy (n = 31; age range = 9 to 47 yr) and neurotypical controls (n = 38; age range = 11 to 49 yr). The magnetoencephalography data were transformed into the time-frequency domain to identify neural oscillatory responses and imaged using a beamforming approach. The behavioral results indicated that all participants exhibited a flanker effect (greater response time for the incongruent compared to congruent condition) and that individuals with cerebral palsy were slower and less accurate during task performance. We computed interference maps to focus on the attentional component and found aberrant alpha (8 to 14 Hz) oscillations in the right primary visual cortices in the group with cerebral palsy. Alpha and theta (4 to 7 Hz) oscillations were also seen in the left and right insula, and these oscillations varied with age across all participants. Overall, persons with cerebral palsy exhibit deficiencies in the cortical dynamics serving visual selective attention, but these aberrations do not appear to be uniquely affected by age.
Missing missions or partial missions? Translating circular economy directionality into place-based transformative action
Authors: Clifton Nick , De Laurentis Carla , Beverley Katie , Walpole Gary 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates how top-down policy direction setting is interpreted and implemented within horizontal networks of practice. This is an under-investigated issue, yet vital for delivering ultimately transformative outcomes. It seeks to unpack how actionable directionality can influence progress and introduces the idea of nascent or partial missions. Options for identifying and nurturing these missions to expand in scale and scope are then discussed. Utilising Wales as an illustrative case study, we draw upon a unique dataset of circular economy (CE)-related interventions, networks and participants. Finally, the paper outlines implications for policy-making and proposes avenues for future research.