bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a potential target for the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Braegelmann Christine , Hölzel Michael , Ludbrook Valerie , Dickson Marion , Turan Nil , Ferring‐Schmitt Sandra , Sternberg Sonja , Bieber Thomas , Kuhn Annegret , Wenzel Joerg 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSpleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a protein kinase involved in cell proliferation and the regulation of inflammatory pathways. Due to the increasing evidence that kinase inhibitors have potential as specific anti‐inflammatory drugs, we have investigated the potential for SYK inhibition as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases, particularly cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). Skin samples of patients with different CLE subtypes and appropriate controls were analysed for the expression of SYK and SYK‐associated pro‐inflammatory mediators via gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry. The functional role of SYK in keratinocytes was investigated in vitro, using LE‐typical pro‐inflammatory stimuli and a selective inhibitor of SYK. SYK‐associated genes are strongly upregulated in CLE skin lesions. Importantly, phosphorylated SYK (pSYK) is strongly expressed by several immune cell types and also keratinocytes in CLE skin. In vitro, immunostimulatory nucleic acids are capable of inducing SYK phosphorylation in keratinocytes leading to the induction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, while small‐molecule SYK inhibition decreases the expression of these proteins. The results demonstrate that pSYK is expressed by immune cells and keratinocytes in skin lesions of CLE patients. LE‐typical stimuli induce the expression of pSYK in vitro. Small‐molecule SYK inhibition leads to a reduction of pSYK expression and downregulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes. We therefore believe that pSYK provides a potential future drug target for the treatment of patients who suffer from CLE and related skin disorders. Specifically, our study reveals evidence supporting the use of topical SYK inhibitors in treating lupus.
No influence of sugar, snacks and fast food intake on the degree of obesity or treatment effect in childhood obesity
Authors: Trier C. , Fonvig C.E. , Bøjsøe C. , Mollerup P.M. , Gamborg M. , Pedersen O. , Hansen T. , Holm J.‐C. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackgroundIncreased consumption of sweetened beverages has previously been linked to the degree of childhood obesity.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to assess whether the intake of sweetened beverages, candy, snacks or fast food at baseline in a multidisciplinary childhood obesity treatment program was associated with the baseline degree of obesity or the treatment effect.MethodsThis prospective study included 1349 overweight and obese children (body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI SDS) ≥ 1.64) enrolled in treatment at The Children's Obesity Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk. The children were evaluated at baseline and after up to 5.9 years of treatment (median 1.3 years).ResultsBoth boys and girls decreased their BMI SDS during treatment with a mean decrease in boys of 0.35 (p < 0.0001) and in girls of 0.22 (p < 0.0001) after 1 year of treatment. There were no associations between the baseline intake of sweetened beverages, candy, snacks, and/or fast food and BMI SDS at baseline or the change in BMI SDS during treatment.ConclusionsThe intake of sweetened beverages, candy, snacks or fast food when entering a childhood obesity treatment program was not associated with the degree of obesity at baseline or the degree of weight loss during treatment.
Abdominal obesity and its association with socioeconomic factors among adolescents from different living environments
Authors: Costa de Oliveira Forkert E. , de Moraes A. C. F. , Carvalho H. B. , Kafatos A. , Manios Y. , Sjöström M. , González‐Gross M. , Gottrand F. , Beghin L. , Censi L. , Kersting M. , Moreno L. A. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackgroundSocioeconomic status has been associated with obesity in children and adolescents. This association may be dependent according with where adolescents lives.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between different socioeconomic indicators such as parental education and occupation and socioeconomic status with abdominal obesity in adolescents from two observational studies: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence cross‐sectional study (HELENA‐CSS) and the Brazilian Cardiovascular Adolescent Health (BRACAH) study.MethodsEuropean (n = 3192, aged 12.5–17.5 years, with 53.1% girls from HELENA‐CSS) and Brazilian (n = 991, aged 14–18 years, with 54.5% girls from BRACAH study) adolescents from two cross‐sectional studies were included in this analysis. Complete data on waist circumference (WC), height, socioeconomic status indicators and several confounders were collected. Socioeconomic indicators were measured using a self‐reported questionnaire in order to assess the family social status of the adolescents. Multilevel linear regression models were used to examine associations, and results were adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsAdjusted results showed inverse associations between mother's and father's education levels (p < 0.001) and father's occupation level (p < 0.001) with waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) and WC in HELENA‐CSS girls. Similarly in European girls, socioeconomic indicators by socioeconomic status and maternal occupation level were associated with WHtR. In HELENA‐CSS boys, the same significant association was found between WHtR and WC with maternal occupation level. Moreover, in European boys WHtR was also associated with parental education. In Brazilian adolescents, both indicators of abdominal obesity did not remain associated with the independents variables, after adjustment for potential confounders.ConclusionsAbdominal obesity was associated with socioeconomic indicators in higher‐income countries, but this association was not observed in a lower‐middle‐income country.
Kin Discrimination in Dictyostelium Social Amoebae
Authors: Strassmann Joan E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEvolved cooperation is stable only when the benefactor is compensated, either directly or through its relatives. Social amoebae cooperate by forming a mobile multicellular body in which, about 20% of participants ultimately die to form a stalk. This benefits the remaining individuals that become hardy spores at the top of the stalk, together making up the fruiting body. In studied species with stalked migration, P. violaceum, D. purpureum, and D. giganteum, sorting based on clone identity occurs in laboratory mixes, maintaining high relatedness within the fruiting bodies. D. discoideum has unstalked migration, where cell fate is not fixed until the slug forms a fruiting body. Laboratory mixes show some degree of both spatial and genotype‐based sorting, yet most laboratory fruiting bodies remain chimeric. However, wild fruiting bodies are made up mostly of clonemates. A genetic mechanism for sorting is likely to be cell adhesion genes tgrB1 and tgrC1, which bind to each other. They are highly variable, as expected for a kin discrimination gene. It is a puzzle that these genes do not cause stronger discrimination between mixed wild clones, but laboratory conditions or strong sorting early in the social stage diminished by later slug fusion could be explanations.
Duration of sleep at 3 years of age is associated with fat and fat‐free mass at 4 years of age: the Southampton Women's Survey
Authors: Baird Janis , Hill Catherine M. , Harvey Nicholas C. , Crozier Sarah , Robinson Sian M. , Godfrey Keith M. , Cooper Cyrus , Inskip Hazel ,   The SWS Study Group
Published: February 2016

SummaryMany studies have shown that shorter sleep duration in childhood is associated with higher body mass index (BMI), and have proposed that it is due to an effect of sleep on adiposity. There is little evidence about the association of sleep with fat‐free mass. This study examined the association between child's sleep duration at age 3 years and fat and fat‐free mass at 4 years of age in a prospective cohort study of 302 boys and 285 girls. Study participants were taking part in the Southampton Women's Survey, a longitudinal study of mothers and children from preconception onwards. Total sleep duration at age 3 years was derived from parental report of night sleep and nap duration. Body composition was assessed by Dual‐energy X‐ray Absorptiometry (DXA) at 4 years. Mean total sleep duration was 11.5 hours. In linear regression analyses, adjusted for potentially confounding factors (maternal educational attainment, prepregnancy BMI, smoking during pregnancy, child's gestational age at birth, age at DXA, sex, age last breastfed, dietary quality at 3 years, TV watching and hours actively on the move and parental social class), shorter sleep in hours was associated with higher BMI (kg/m2) [β: −0.2340, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.373 to −0.096], a greater fat mass index (kg) (β: −0.1182, 95% CI: −0.218 to −0.018) and a greater fat‐free mass index (kg) (β: −0.100, 95% CI: −0.185 to −0.015). Previous research suggested that the association between shorter sleep and higher body mass index is due to an effect on adiposity. Our findings are novel, suggesting that the relationship between sleep and BMI is also determined by an effect on muscle.
Tendon Volume Determination on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Supraspinatus Tendinopathy
Authors: Spall Benjamin F. , Fransson Boel A. , Martinez Steve A. , Wilkinson Thomas E. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the supraspinatus tendon volume using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in dogs with non‐calcified supraspinatus tendinopathy (NCST), in dogs with orthopedic disease other than NCST, and in healthy dogs.Study DesignCase series.AnimalsTwenty‐two dogs (18 client‐owned dogs; 4 purpose‐bred dogs).MethodsDogs undergoing shoulder MRI were categorized as NCST if they were diagnosed with NCST only, had histologic confirmed diagnosis, underwent surgical treatment, and were available for follow‐up longer than 4 months. Dogs with MRI performed for a forelimb lameness because of a diagnosis other than NCST were categorized as orthopedic control (OC). Healthy dogs from an unrelated study were categorized as healthy controls (HC). Tendon volume was determined from MRI using public domain software and compared across categories.ResultsThe study included 9 NCST dogs, 9 OC dogs, and 4 HC dogs. The median tendon volume for NCST was 1,323 mm3, OC was 630 mm3, and HC was 512 mm3. The volume was significantly higher in the NCST than OC (P = .0012) and HC (P = .003). There was no difference between OC and HC (P = .76).ConclusionDogs diagnosed with NCST had higher supraspinatus tendon volumes compared to dogs with other orthopedic disorders and healthy dogs.
The Laws of Territorial Acquisition as Applied to Claims to Antarctic Territory: A Review of Legal Scholarship
Authors: Hodgson-Johnston Indi 
Published: February 2016

Three substantive areas of analysis have emerged in the legal scholarship of the validity in international law of Antarctic territorial claims. The first is the physical amenability of the Antarctic continent to claims of territory. The second, and largest, is the application of traditional laws of territorial acquisition to Antarctic claims. The alternative argument of Antarctica as res communis is the final substantive thread of discussion.These threads of discussion have dominant arguments. They do not, however, have definite conclusions, leaving the academic conjecture as to the validity of Antarctic territorial claims unresolved. Article IV of the Antarctic Treaty makes an urgent definitive answer unnecessary. However, with new issues emerging related to sovereignty in Antarctica, such as Marine Protected Areas, and more activity from growing Antarctic Treaty membership, public discourse consistently raises the issue.As we enter this new discursive environment, a review of the main arguments of the three substantive areas of legal scholarship is timely. This article will also attempt to identify the dominant attitudes regarding the validity of territorial claims to Antarctica.
A single dose of the γ-secretase inhibitor semagacestat alters the cerebrospinal fluid peptidome in humans
Authors: Hölttä Mikko , Dean Robert A. , Siemers Eric , Mawuenyega Kwasi G. , Sigurdson Wendy , May Patrick C. , Holtzman David M. , Portelius Erik , Zetterberg Henrik , Bateman Randall J. , Blennow Kaj , Gobom Johan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
In Alzheimer’s disease, beta-amyloid peptides in the brain aggregate into toxic oligomers and plaques, a process which is associated with neuronal degeneration, memory loss, and cognitive decline. One therapeutic strategy is to decrease the production of potentially toxic beta-amyloid species by the use of inhibitors or modulators of the enzymes that produce beta-amyloid from amyloid precursor protein (APP). The failures of several such drug candidates by lack of effect or undesired side-effects underscore the importance to monitor the drug effects in the brain on a molecular level. Here we evaluate if peptidomic analysis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be used for this purpose.

Methods
Fifteen human healthy volunteers, divided into three groups, received a single dose of placebo or either 140 mg or 280 mg of the γ-secretase inhibitor semagacestat (LY450139). Endogenous peptides in CSF, sampled prior to administration of the drug and at six subsequent time points, were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, using isobaric labeling based on the tandem mass tag approach for relative quantification.

Results
Out of 302 reproducibly detected peptides, 11 were affected by the treatment. Among these, one was derived from APP and one from amyloid precursor-like protein 1. Nine peptides were derived from proteins that may not be γ-secretase substrates per se, but that are regulated in a γ-secretase-dependent manner.

Conclusions
These results indicate that a CSF peptidomic approach may be a valuable tool both to verify target engagement and to identify other pharmacodynamic effects of the drug. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003075.

Trial registration
NCT00765115, registered 30/09/2008.
Adjustments to In Vitro Culture Conditions and Associated Anomalies in Plants
Authors: Isah Tasiu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPlant tissue culture techniques have become an integral part of progress in plant science research due to the opportunity offered for close study of detailed plant development with applications in food production through crop improvement, secondary metabolites production and conservation of species. Because the techniques involve growing plants under controlled conditions different from their natural outdoor environment, the plants need adjustments in physiology, anatomy and metabolism for successfulin vitropropagation. Therefore, the protocol has to be optimized for a given species or genotype due to the variability in physiological and growth requirement. Developing the protocol is hampered by several physiological and developmental aberrations in the anatomy and physiology of the plantlets, attributed toin vitroculture conditions of high humidity, low light levels and hetero- or mixotrophic conditions. Some of the culture-induced anomalies become genetic, and the phenotype is inherited by clonal progenies while others are temporary and can be corrected at a later stage of protocol development through changes in anatomy, physiology and metabolism. The success of protocols relies on the transfer of plantlets to field conditions which has been achieved with many species through stages of acclimatization, while with others it remains a challenging task. This review discusses various adjustments in nutrition, physiology and anatomy of micro-propagated plants and field grown ones, as well as anomalies induced by thein vitroculture conditions.
Ideologizing age in an era of superdiversity: A heritage language learner practice perspective
Authors: Manosuthikit Aree , De Costa Peter I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSLA research on age in naturalistic contexts has examined learners’ ultimate attainment, while instructed research has emphasized the rate of learning (Birdsong 2014. Dominance and age in bilingualism.Applied Linguistics35(4). 374–392; Muñoz 2008. Symmetries and asymmetries of age effects in naturalistic and instructed L2 learning.Applied Linguistics29(4). 578–596). However, both streams of research, which view age as a biological construct, have overlooked this construct through an ideological lens. To address this gap, and in keeping with Blommaert’s (2005.Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) call to examine language ideologies and related ideologies in an era of superdiversity, our paper explores the ideology undergirding age-based research and examines it in conjunction with the practice-based approach to better understand the use of Burmese as a heritage language, a language characterized by a hierarchical and an age-determined honorific system. Drawing on data from a larger ethnographic study involving Burmese migrants in the US, analyses of the bilingual practice of address forms of generation 1.5 Burmese youth demonstrated that age was relationally constructed. While these youth strategically adopted ‘traditional’ linguistic practices ratified by Burmese adults when interacting with their parents, such practices were invoked and subverted in interactions involving their siblings and other Burmese adults less familiar to them. In focusing on the social and linguistic struggles encountered by these transnational multilingual youth, this paper also addresses the complexities surrounding heritage language learning.
Link Established Between LBGT-Friendly Campus Climate Index Scores and Web-Based Resources of Academic Libraries
Authors: Reed Kathleen 
Published: February 2016

A Review of:
Ciszek, M. P. (2011). Out on the web: The relationship between campus climate and GLBT-related web-based resources in academic libraries. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 37(5), 430-436. doi: 10.1016/j.acalib.2011.06.007

Objective – To explore whether academic institutions that score highly on the LGBT-Friendly Campus Climate Index also have well-developed Web-based library resources to support GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender) students.

Design – Website analysis, percentage, and binary logistic regression analysis.

Setting – Library websites of colleges and universities in four American geographic regions: Northeast, Midwest, South, and West.

Subjects – There were 259 colleges and universities that participated in the 2010 LGBT-Friendly Campus Climate Index.
Methods – The author visited the library websites of all institutions and surveyed available GLBT-related resources. The criteria for online resources included: 1) A research guide for GLBT studies or geared toward GLBT students, 2) An individual identified within the research guide as a contact for GLBT-related resources, and 3) A subscription to EBSCO’s GLBT Life database.

Whether or not the academic libraries had the above resources was then analyzed with each institution’s score on the climate survey scale. The author controlled for geographical location, religious affiliation, and campus setting of the college or university.

Main Results – There is a positive direct relationship between whether a library makes GLBT resources available on the Web and campus climate. However, only 25% of libraries surveyed published a research guide, 18% named a contact individual, and 31% subscribed to GLBT Life.

Conclusion – While parent institutions commit to GLBT students by taking the LBGT-Friendly Campus Climate Index survey, academic libraries lag behind providing online resources for this community.

The author recommends academic libraries:

•	Create a top-level GLBT research guide.
•	Provide contact information for a staff person assigned to provide GLBT-related research assistance.
•	Assign a resource selector for GLBT-related resources.
•	Subscribe to GLBT-related databases.
•	Partner with GLBT organizations on campus to improve collections.
•	Promote GLBT-related collections to the campus community.
•	Perform an assessment of the information and resource needs of GLBT campus community members.
•	Ensure the GLBT community is included in programming and services.
Citation Analysis Shows Promise as an Effective Tool for Monograph Collection Development
Authors: Marsalis Scott 
Published: February 2016

A Review of:
Enger, K. B. (2009). Using citation analysis to develop core book collections in academic libraries. Library & Information Science Research, 31(2), 107-112.

Objective – To test whether acquiring books written by authors of highly cited journal articles is an effective method for building a collection in the social sciences.

Design – Comparison Study.

Setting – Academic library at a public university in the US.

Subjects – A total of 1,359 book titles, selected by traditional means (n=1,267) or based on citation analysis (n=92).

Methods – The researchers identified highly-ranked authors, defined as the most frequently cited authors publishing in journals with an impact factor greater than one, with no more than six journals in any category, using 1999 ISI data. They included authors in the categories Business, Anthropology, Criminology & Penology, Education & Education Research, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology/Anthropology, and General Social Sciences. The Books in Print bibliographic tool was searched to identify monographs published by these authors, and any titles not already owned were purchased. All books in the study were available to patrons by Fall 2005. The researchers collected circulation data in Spring 2007, and used it to compare titles acquired by this method with titles selected by traditional means.

Main Results – Overall, books selected by traditional methods circulated more than those selected by citation analysis, with differences significant at the .001 level. However, at the subject category level, there was no significant difference at the .05 level. Most books selected by the test method circulated one to two times.

Conclusion – Citation analysis can be an effective method for building a relevant book collection, and may be especially effective for identifying works relevant to a discipline beyond local context.