bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of body heating protocols with graphene heated clothing in a cold environment
Authors: Shin Sora , Choi Hae-Hyun , Kim Yung Bin , Hong Byung-Hee , Lee Joo-Young 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of intermittent and continuous heating protocols using graphene-heated clothing and identify more effective body region for heating in a cold environment.

Design/methodology/approach
Eight males participated in five experimental conditions at an air temperature of 0.6°C with 40 percent relative humidity: no heating, continuous heating the chest, continuous heating the back, intermittent heating the chest, and intermittent heating the back.

Findings
The results showed that the electric power consumption of the intermittent heating protocol (2.49 W) was conserved by 71 percent compared to the continuous protocol (8.58 W). Rectal temperature, cardiovascular and respiratory responses showed no significant differences among the four heating conditions, while heating the back showed more beneficial effects on skin temperatures than heating the chest.

Originality/value
First of all, this study was the first report to evaluate cold protective clothing with graphene heaters. Second, the authors provided effective intermittent heating protocols in terms of reducing power consumption, which was able to be evaluated with the characteristics of fast-responsive graphene heaters. Third, an intermittent heating protocol on the back was recommended to keep a balance between saving electric power and minimizing thermal discomfort in cold environments.
Research on color 3D printing based on color adherence
Authors: Yang Minhua , Lv Xin-guang , Liu Xiao-jie , Zhang Jia-qing 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present a method of color three-dimensional (3D) printing based on color adherence.

Design/methodology/approach
First, experiments of the color effects of 3D printings using different carriers and different printing methods were performed. Second, the color of a specific point could be calculated through a theory of dimension-reducing, and the color distribution of 3D model was transformed from 3D to 1D color line corresponding with 3D print sequence. At last, the color lines, which were printed on a PE film by silk-screen printing, was carried by a filament and then printed through a fused deposition modeling 3D printer.

Findings
The printing ink and PE film are suitable as the pigment and carrier under this investigation, respectively. Based on an idea of reducing dimension, the method of 3D color printing through adhering color to a filament is realized. The color saturation of the sample was relatively high through the method.

Research limitations/implications
It is hard to avoid that there may be some residual color in the nozzle through this method, and the purity of following color will be affected. As a result, continuous improvements should be made to perfect the method.

Practical implications
An approach of 3D color printing is described in detail, and what kind of model is more applicable is discussed particularly.

Originality/value
This approach is implemented to print color 3D objects with just one nozzle by means of color adherence. That is, printing the 3D objects using the filament is carried out with 1D color line, which is printed by a traditional printing method.
Enabling internal electronic circuitry within additively manufactured metal structures – the effect and importance of inter-laminar topography
Authors: Li Ji , Monaghan Tom , Kay Robert , Friel Ross James , Harris Russell 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the potential of ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) to incorporate the direct printing of electrical materials and arrangements (conductors and insulators) at the interlaminar interface of parts during manufacture to allow the integration of functional and optimal electrical circuitries inside dense metallic objects without detrimental effect on the overall mechanical integrity. This holds promise to release transformative device functionality and applications of smart metallic devices and products.

Design/methodology/approach
To ensure the proper electrical insulation between the printed conductors and metal matrices, an insulation layer with sufficient thickness is required to accommodate the rough interlaminar surface which is inherent to the UAM process. This in turn increases the total thickness of printed circuitries and thereby adversely affects the integrity of the UAM part. A specific solution is proposed to optimise the rough interlaminar surface through deforming the UAM substrates via sonotrode rolling or UAM processing.

Findings
The surface roughness (Sa) could be reduced from 4.5 to 4.1 µm by sonotrode rolling and from 4.5 to 0.8 µm by ultrasonic deformation. Peel testing demonstrated that sonotrode-rolled substrates could maintain their mechanical strength, while the performance of UAM-deformed substrates degraded under same welding conditions ( approximately 12 per cent reduction compared with undeformed substrates). This was attributed to the work hardening of deformation process which was identified via dual-beam focussed ion beam–scanning electron microscope investigation.

Originality/value
The sonotrode rolling was identified as a viable methodology in allowing printed electrical circuitries in UAM. It enabled a decrease in the thickness of printed electrical circuitries by ca. 25 per cent.
Dabigatran inhibits intravitreal thrombin activity
Authors: Bastiaans Jeroen , Mulder Verena C. , van Meurs Jan C. , Smits ‐ te Nijenhuis Marja , van Holten ‐ Neelen Conny , van Hagen P. Martin , Dik Willem A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeProliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a vitreoretinal disorder in which retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell activation contributes to both formation of fibrotic retinal membranes and inflammation. Vitreous of patients with PVR contains increased thrombin activity which induces profibrotic and proinflammatory programs in RPE cells. Inhibition of intravitreal thrombin activity may thus represent a therapeutic option for PVR. In this study, we examined the capacity of the clinically available direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran to inhibit thrombin activity in vitreous fluids.MethodsARPE‐19 cells were cultured with the following: (i) thrombin, (ii) vitreous without thrombin activity and (iii) vitreous with elevated thrombin activity (PVR samples and thrombin spiked vitreous) either in the presence or absence of dabigatran (range: 10−5 to 10−7 M). Subsequently, CCL2, CXCL8, GMCSF, IL6 and PDGFB mRNA expression levels were determined by RQ‐PCR and protein levels of 27 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were detected in culture supernatants using a multiplex approach. In addition, the capacity of vitreous fluids obtained from patients after oral dabigatran intake was tested in an in vitro thrombin activity assay.ResultsThrombin and vitreous fluids containing thrombin activity induced CCL2, CXCL8, GM‐CSF, IL‐6 and PDGF‐BB expression by ARPE‐19 cells, which was inhibited by dabigatran. In addition, dabigatran that reached the vitreous after repeated oral intake did inhibit thrombin activity in the in vitro activity assay.ConclusionProliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is associated with increased intravitreal thrombin activity that activates profibrotic and proinflammatory pathways in RPE cells. Our findings provide evidence that this activation pathway can potentially be inhibited by dabigatran.
Evaluating refraction and visual acuity with the Nidek autorefractometer AR‐360A in a randomized population‐based screening study
Authors: Stoor Katri , Karvonen Elina , Liinamaa Johanna , Saarela Ville 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeThe evaluation of visual acuity (VA) and refraction in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort Eye study was performed using the Nidek AR‐360A autorefractometer. The accuracy of the method for this population‐based screening study was assessed.MethodsMeasurements of the refractive error were obtained from the right eyes of 1238 subjects (mean age 47), first objectively with the AR‐360A and then subjectively by an optometrist. Agreement with the subjective refraction was calculated for sphere, cylinder, mean spherical equivalent (MSE), cylindrical vectors J45 and J0 and presbyopic correction (add). Visual acuity (VA) was measured using an ETDRS chart and the autorefractometer.ResultsThe refractive error measured with the AR‐360A was higher than the subjective refraction performed by the optometrist for sphere (0.007 D ± 0.24 D p = 0.30) and also for cylinder (−0.16 D ± 0.20 D p < 0.0005). The bias between the measurements of MSE, J45 and J0 was low: −0.07 D ± 0.22 D (p = 0.002), 0.01 D ± 0.43 D (p = 0.25) and −0.01 D ± 0.42 D (p = 0.43), respectively. The amount of add measured by the autorefractometer was higher than the subjective 0.35 D ± 0.29 D (p < 0.0005). There was a statistically significant correlation between VA (p < 0.0005) and the difference between the subjective and objective refraction. In 99.2% of the measurements, visual values were within one decimal line of each other.ConclusionThe Nidek AR‐360A autorefractometer is an accurate tool for determining the refraction and VA in a clinical screening trial.
The Political Economy of Family Planning: Population Dynamics and Contraceptive Markets
Authors: Bendix Daniel , Schultz Susanne 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThis article explores recent changes in international development policy with regard to population and reproductive health and connects these to contemporary dynamics in contraceptive markets, taking the German government and the pharmaceutical company Bayer HealthCare as an example. While the vocabulary of individual reproductive rights remains ever‐present, governments in the global South — and in Africa in particular — are currently encouraged to manage their ‘human capital’ in the light of population age composition and available resources. More than 20 years after the Cairo Conference on population and development, key documents and budgets evidence a discursive and financial shift once again towards more explicitly neo‐Malthusian approaches and stand‐alone family planning. At the same time, a return to formerly discredited long‐acting reversible contraception is evident in major public–private partnerships of governments, companies and NGOs. Drawing on policy papers, interviews and statistical data, this article finds considerable interplay between a reoriented development policy under the name of ‘population dynamics’ and the interests of pharmaceutical companies in contraceptive markets.
Instilling hope for a brighter future: A mixed‐method mentoring support programme for individuals with and recovered from anorexia nervosa
Authors: Ramjan Lucie M. , Fogarty Sarah , Nicholls Daniel , Hay Phillipa 
Published: November 2017

Aims and ObjectivesTo investigate the feasibility of a 13‐week mentoring programme in providing social support to promote hope for recovery in anorexia nervosa.BackgroundWith no clear first‐line psychological treatment for people with anorexia nervosa, mentoring support programmes, as an adjunct to treatment, may provide the social support necessary to promote hope for recovery.DesignA mixed‐method study; participatory action research.MethodsWomen (n = 11), recovering and who had recovered from anorexia nervosa, participated in the programme and completed self‐report questionnaires related to quality of life, distress and the mentoring relationship at different time points. Qualitative feedback from logbooks, workshop evaluation questionnaires, interviews and focus groups was also collected to assess the programme's acceptability.ResultsGeneral compliance for completing most study outcome questionnaires was 90%; however, the mentoring relationship questionnaires were not completed to the same degree. Five key themes emerged from the focus group/interview data: (i) she understands me and could relate to me; (ii) reconnecting with the world—asking questions and being challenged; (iii) mentors’ altruistic motivations and the transformation and discovery of self; (iv) instilling hope—recovery is possible; and (v) effective communication—the key to successful mentoring.ConclusionsFurther research is needed; however, the results provide preliminary support for the mentoring programme's feasibility as an adjunct to treatment. We found that having someone who understands, to talk and share with, met a clear need for people with anorexia nervosa.Relevance to clinical practiceWhile further research is warranted mentoring support or recovered mentors, may play a potentially valuable role in supporting those in community settings.
Substantial effects of empowerment case management on physical health of type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Tsai Chin‐Yun , Li I‐Chuan , Lai Fu‐Chih 
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the effects of empowerment case management on the physical health of patients with type 2 diabetes.BackgroundDiabetes is a global health issue. Case management is often used on diabetes management at various levels. Empowerment has been used for chronic situation management, but its effects have not been widely studied in diabetic populations.DesignPurposive sampling was used to recruit 125 participants with type 2 diabetes aged 18 years or older from a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan.MethodsEmpowerment case management was applied for 42 participants, while the other 83 received normal case management. Survey items included demographics, preprandial (AC) and postprandial (PC) blood sugar levels, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and the presence or absence of acute and chronic complications. Descriptive statistics and a generalised estimating equation were used to analyse the model's effects on the two groups.ResultsThe PC blood sugar levels of patients receiving empowerment case management declined at 3 months (B = −34.26, p < .01), and this decrease was maintained at 6 months (B = −83.66, p < .001). As of 6 months after starting the intervention, patients receiving empowerment case management enjoyed better physical health. These patients' AC blood sugar levels (B = −50.16, p < .001), HbA1C (B = −0.98, p < .001), systolic blood pressure (B = −8.24, p < .001), diastolic blood pressure (B = −5.73, p < .01) and total cholesterol (B = −13.74, p < .05) all experienced a continuous drop and were controlled well, and no diabetes‐related acute or chronic complications were observed either. Patients with type 2 diabetes who received empowerment case management managed their physical health better. Moreover, its greatest effect was that patients were able to form exercise groups and continue to maintain their health.ConclusionsEmpowerment case management was shown to have a substantial effect on the physical health and self‐care of patients with diabetes, thus making it a suitable intervention tool for managing diabetes cases.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study results showed that empowerment case management is suitable for managing diabetes cases. It has a substantial effect on the maintenance of physical health, occurrence of complications and effectiveness of self‐care among patients with diabetes. For better care outcomes, empowerment case management should be integrated into the guidelines of diabetes management.
The effects of acaricide treatment of sheep on red grouseLagopus lagopus scoticatick burdens and productivity in a multi‐host system
Authors: FLETCHER K. , BAINES D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIxodes ricinus(Ixodida: Ixodidae) ticks are of economic and pathogenic importance across Europe. Within the uplands of the U.K., management to reduce ticks is undertaken to benefit red grouseLagopus lagopus scotica(Galliformes: Phasianidae). Management strategies focus on the acaricide treatment of domestic sheepOvis aries(Artiodactyla: Bovidae), but the effectiveness of this is less certain in the presence of wild hosts, particularly red deerCervus elaphus(Artiodactyla: Cervidae) and mountain hareLepus timidus(Lagomorpha: Leporidae). This study examines the effects of sheep management on grouse tick burdens and productivity using sites with a range of wild host densities. Sites at which applications of acaricide were more frequent had lower tick burdens; this relationship was similar on sites with a range of deer densities. However, no direct link was detected between acaricide treatment interval and grouse productivity. Sites with higher deer densities had higher grouse tick burdens and lower productivity [mean ± standard error (SE) young : adult ratio: 1.2 ± 0.2] compared with sites with lower deer densities (mean ± SE young : adult ratio: 1.8 ± 0.1). Sites with higher grouse brood sizes and higher proportions of hens with broods were also those with higher mountain hare abundance indices. This study highlights the importance of the frequent treatment of sheep with acaricide to reduce tick burdens on grouse, even in the presence of wild hosts.
UbiGate: a synthetic biology toolbox to analyse ubiquitination
Authors: Kowarschik Kathrin , Hoehenwarter Wolfgang , Marillonnet Sylvestre , Trujillo Marco 
Published: November 2017

Summary

Ubiquitination is mediated by an enzymatic cascade that results in the modification of substrate proteins, redefining their fate. This post‐translational modification is involved in most cellular processes, yet its analysis faces manifold obstacles due to its complex and ubiquitous nature. Reconstitution of the ubiquitination cascade in bacterial systems circumvents several of these problems and was shown to faithfully recapitulate the process.

Here, we present UbiGate − a synthetic biology toolbox, together with an inducible bacterial expression system – to enable the straightforward reconstitution of the ubiquitination cascades of different organisms in Escherichia coli by ‘Golden Gate’ cloning.

This inclusive toolbox uses a hierarchical modular cloning system to assemble complex DNA molecules encoding the multiple genetic elements of the ubiquitination cascade in a predefined order, to generate polycistronic operons for expression.

We demonstrate the efficiency of UbiGate in generating a variety of expression elements to reconstitute autoubiquitination by different E3 ligases and the modification of their substrates, as well as its usefulness for dissecting the process in a time‐ and cost‐effective manner.
Development of the gingival sulcus at the time of tooth eruption and the influence of genetic factors
Authors: Nibali Luigi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTooth eruption is characterized by a concert of mechanisms that result in the emergence of teeth in the oral cavity. Genetic variants seem to regulate this process and the formation of a gingival sulcus around the teeth. Interindividual variability in the response to microbial triggers in the sulcus plays an important role in the onset and progression of periodontal diseases. Host genetic variants can influence this variability, affecting the response of the host to the subgingival biofilm. Genetic factors affecting tooth eruption could potentially influence susceptibility to periodontal diseases and, specifically, susceptibility to localized aggressive periodontitis. This review aims to discuss the evidence available for the role of host genetic variants in tooth eruption and to and to give some directions for prospective research in this topic.
Bacterial modulators of bone remodeling in the periodontal pocket
Authors: Henderson Brian , Kaiser Frank 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe signaling network involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is not yet fully understood. This review aims to describe possible mechanisms through which the bacterial modulators may be linked directly or indirectly to the process of alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. From the late 1970s to present, new paradigm shifts have been developed regarding our understanding of pathological bone remodeling in periodontal disease. Upcoming evidence suggests that in periodontal disease the local immune response is exacerbated and involves the existence of signaling pathways that have been shown to modulate bone‐cell function leading to alveolar bone loss. Those complex signaling pathways have been observed not only between bacteria but also between bacteria and the gingival surface of the host. More specifically, it has been shown that bacteria, through their secretion molecules, may interact indirectly and directly with immune‐type cells of the host, resulting in the production of osteolytic agents that enhance bone resorption. Further research is required to provide a clear understanding of the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, and the availability of new technologies, such as next‐generation sequencing and metagenomic analysis, may be useful tools in achieving this.
An Experimental Investigation of Combustion Process of a Turbo-Charged SI Stoichiometric Off-Road Engine Operated on Gaseous Fuel
Authors: Yao Allan , Li Hailin , Shi Xin , Xiao Fuming , Zeng Pin 
Published: November 2017

This paper presents the engine performance, combustion process, and exhaust emissions from of a turbocharged spark ignition (SI) WP-10 off-road engine developed to operate on gaseous fuels applicable to a wide range of the higher heating value (HHV) (900 to 1400 BTU). The HHV of the fuels was varied by blending of propane or carbon dioxide (CO2) into natural gas (NG). The developed engine was designed to operate at 1800 rpm and 175 kW.
A new method of calculating the specific heat ratio of the bulk gases with the calculated bulk gas temperature and composition was proposed. The specific heat ratio calculated using this method was lower than the value derived from the conventional Log P-Log V method. The application of the specific heat ratio calculated in calculating the heat release process increased the heat release rate (HRR) and the total heat released during combustion. In addition, it also resulted in retarded phasing of CA50 and CA95 defined as the crank angle location when 50% and 95% of total energy was released.
The effects of the fuel composition on engine performance, combustion process, and exhaust emissions were experimentally investigated. It achieved a brake thermal efficiency of about 32.8%. The exhaust emissions are in compliance with both EPA and CARB regulations. The addition of propane to NG increased the HRR, accelerated the combustion process, and shortened the combustion duration. This was the result of the quicker flame propagation property of propane. The HRR observed with propane blending was featured with two heat release peaks. The peak HRR observed with 1400 BTU fuel was about 10% higher than that observed with NG only operation. As expected, the blending of CO2 to NG was shown to slow down the combustion process, and retarded the combustion phasing, especially during the completion of combustion.