bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of venous blood gas levels, blood chemistry and haemocytometric parameters in milk fed veal calves at different periods of livestock cycle
Authors: Giambelluca S. , Fiore E. , Sadocco A. , Gianesella M. , Vazzana I. , Orefice T. , Morgante M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
An evaluation of blood chemistry profile in relation to specific stages of livestock cycle can help better understand variations in physiological conditions in order to adjust management systems to animal needs. In addition to basal hematological investigation, the acid-base balance and blood gases are essential tools in evaluating metabolism in calves. The relationship between blood gas parameters, diet and growth should be further investigated.
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in acid-base status, blood gases, serum chemistry and hematological parameters in veal calves at different periods of livestock cycle.
One hundred twenty-eight healthy cross breeding calves were enrolled in a farm in North-East Italy. Blood samplings were carried out from the jugular vein on day 1 (t1), 60 (t2) and 150 (t3) after arrival. Blood gas analysis was performed and hematological parameters were evaluated. One-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test were performed to assess differences between blood parameter values at the different periods.
The main differences in blood gas parameter levels during the livestock cycle concerned pH, Base Excess and HCO3 with higher values recorded in t3. Urea, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and bilirubin mean values were significantly higher in t1 than in t2 and t3. Aspartate aminotransferase increased from t1 to t2 and t3. Alkaline Phosphatase was higher in t2. Fe levels severely dropped in t2 and in t3, and the decrease led to a restrained but significant reduction in haemoglobin values. A correspondent decrease in the other haemocytometric parameters was found.
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the NLR family CARD containing five transcripts in the pig
Authors: Yang Q.Y. , Chen T. , Chen Y.B. , Lan D.L. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The NOD-like receptor (NLR) family caspase recruitment domain-containing 5 (NLRC5) is one of the newly discovered and largest NLR family members. The NLRC5 has recently received extensive attention because of its important role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. The NLRC5 in many vertebrates, such as humans, mice, cattle, and horses, has already been proven and studied. However, the NLRC5 gene characteristics of pigs remain unclear. Thus, we completely cloned the NLRC5 cDNA sequence of the pig using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE) technology. A characteristic and tissue expression analysis was also conducted on the pig sequence. The sequence analysis showed that the complete cDNA sequence of the NLRC5 of the pig is 6638 bp, and the open reading frame is 5538 bp which encoded 1846 amino acids. The protein prediction analysis indicates that the overall performance of the NLRC5 protein of the pig is hydrophilic and possesses a typical nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain(NBD) and 20 leucine-rich repeats(LRRs). The homology analysis result indicates that the NLRC5 transcript in pigs is highly homologous to cattle, sheep, macaques, and humans, and accounts for around 80%. The genetic evolutionary tree analysis shows that the NLRC5 transcript in pigs has the closest evolutionary relationship with cattle and sheep. Further tissue expression analysis shows that immune organ systems (e.g., lymph node and spleen) and mucosa organs (e.g., intestinal lymph node, stomach, and lungs) possess high expressions with NLRC5 mRNA. The result of this study indicates that the NLRC5 transcript in pigs is relatively conservative among mammals and may play a vital role in immune reaction, which provides a basis for further studies on the NLRC5 function in the pig immune system and the role in comparative immunity.
Changes in reticulorumen content temperature and pH according to time of day and yearly seasons
Authors: Antanaitis R. , Žilaitis V. , Juozaitienė V. , Stoškus R. , Televičius M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The monitoring of rumen content temperature can be useful for the evaluation of cow health condition and heat. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of the circadian rhythm (time of day) and season on reticulorumen acidity (pH) and temperatures (RT) in lactating dairy cows. The research was performed on ten 2nd – lactation, clinically healthy Lithuanian Black and White fresh dairy cows (up to 1 day after calving). The cows were milked twice daily at 05:00 and 17:00. The cows were kept in a loose housing system, and were fed a feed ration throughout the year at the same time, balanced according to their physiological needs. Cow feeding took place every day at 06:00 and 18:00. The pH and temperature of the contents of cow reticulorumens were measured using specific smaXtec boluses manufactured for animal care.
The temperature starts rising 6 hours after the evening feeding and milking, whereas 1 hour after the morning milking, it starts decreasing. The lowest temperature observed in the springtime was 38.81±0.001, and the highest was in autumn 39.17±0.001. The pH starts decreasing 3 hours after the morning feed, whereas 4 hours after the evening feed, it starts increasing. The lowest pH was observed in the summertime – 5.99±0.001, and the highest was in autumn and springtime – 6.18±0.001.
In conclusion the reticulorumen temperature in lactating cows was found to be influenced by the circadian rhythm and season. The acidity of the reticulorumen content changes similar to the temperature. The pH of the reticulorumen contents was also found to be influenced by the circadian rhythm and season.
Immunoreactivity of arcuate nucleus astrocytes in rats after intragastric administration of habanero peppers (Capsicum Chinese Jacq.)
Authors: Rycerz K. , Krawczyk A. , Jaworska-Adamu J. , Gołyński M. , Lutnicki K. , Balicki I. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHabanero pepper fruits contain capsaicin (CAP) characterised by a spicy taste. Astrocytes express vanilloid receptor (TRPV1), which interacts with cannabinoids including CAP. Only a few studies revealed that CAP leads to alterations of the arcuate nucleus (ARC) structures. The aim of this study was to analyse the GFAP (GFAP-IR) and S100β (S100β-IR) immunoreactive astrocytes of ARC in adult rats after intragastric administration of habanero pepper fruits. Adult, Wistar rats received a peanut oil – control group (C) – and oil suspension of habanero pepper fruits at a dose of 0.08 g dm/kg b.w. for 7 days – E1 group – and 28 days – E2 group. After euthanasia, the brains were embedded in paraffin blocks using a routine histological technique. Frontal slices of ARC were immunohistochemically stained for GFAP and S100β using specific antibodies in the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Astrocytes of ARC were morphologically and morphometrically analysed under a light microscope. The results of the study did not reveal statistically significant changes in the density of GFAP-IR cells in E1 and E2 groups of rats in comparison with group C. A statistically significant increase in the density of S100β-IR astrocytes was observed in the E1 group and a decrease in the E2 group. Astrocytes with expression of both studied proteins were characterised by morphological alterations in ARC in the E2 group. The obtained results suggest an influence of CAP contained in habanero pepper fruits on the reactivity of astroglia, which may have an impact on the astrocyte-neuron interactions in order to maintain a proper activity of nervous cells in ARC.
Adrenergic control of pinealocyte chondriome – an in vitro study
Authors: Przybylska-Gornowicz B. , Lewczuk B. , Ziółkowska N. , Prusik M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Norepinephrine released from sympathetic innervation plays the main role in the regulation of melatonin secretion in mammalian pinealocytes. The present study was conducted for the following reasons: 1) to establish whether the pinealocyte chondriome is controlled by norepinephrine, 2) to determine the effect of adrenergic stimulation on mitochondria, and 3) to characterize adrenoceptors involved in the regulation of the chondriome.
The static organ culture of the pineal gland was used. The explants were incubated for 5 consecutive days in control medium and between 20:00 and 08:00 in medium with the presence of 10 μM norepinephrine – adrenergic agonist; isoproterenol – beta-adrenoceptor agonist; cirazoline, methoxamine, M-6364 – alfa1 – adrenoceptors agonists or PMA – activator of PKC. The explants were then subjected to ultrastructural examination and morphometric analysis.
The incubation of explants in the presence of norepinephrine or isoproterenol caused a decrease in the relative volume and the numerical density of mitochondria and induced an increase in the percentage of free mitochondria in pinealocytes. Significant changes in these parameters were not observed after treatment with methoxamine, cirazoline, M-6463 and PMA.
The results obtained show that the chondriome of pig pinealocytes is controlled by norepinephrine acting via beta-adrenoceptors. Adrenergic stimulation, repeated for five consecutive days of organ culture, causes a decrease in the number of mitochondria and a shift in the distribution of mitochondria from the form of networks and filaments into the form of single particles. This indicates the intensive remodeling of the mitochondria network, which is closely linked to the metabolic status of the cell.
Influence of horse breed on transepidermal water loss
Authors: Szczepanik M.P. , Wilkołek P.M. , Adamek Ł.R. , Pluta M. , Gołyński M. , Sitkowski W. , Kalisz G. , Taszkun I. , Pomorski Z.J.H 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Non-invasive methods of skin condition assessment include, among others, the evaluation of transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The aim of the study was to examine whether TEWL values depend on horse breed. The study was conducted on four breeds: “Felin” ponies (FP) (n=16), Polish koniks (PK) (n=15), Polish cold-blooded horses (PcbH) (n=11) and Wielkopolska horses (WH) (n=12). It was found that horse breed influences TEWL values. In the neck region, statistically significant differences were found between PK and FP (p=0.006), and PK and WH (p=0.0005). In the lumbar region, there were statistically significant differences between FP and PK (p=0.0009), FP and PcbH (p=0.0016) as well as between PK and WH (p=0.000037), and PcbH and WH (p=0.0006). In the inguinal region statistically significant differences were found between FP and PK (p=0.0003), FP and PcbH (p=0.0005), PK and WH (p=0.009) and PcbH and WH (p=0.006). In the lip region statistically significant differences were observed between FP and PK (p=0.013) as well as between PK and PcbH (p=0.029) and PK and WH (p=0.009). In the examination of TEWL animal breed should be taken into consideration. The non-significant differences found in three of the examined body regions may suggest that these regions are the most adequate for TEWL assessment.
Cholesterol Deficiency – new genetic defect transmitted to Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle
Authors: Kamiński S. , Ruść A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study was to find out whether carriers of new genetic defect Cholesterol Deficiency (CD) occur in the population of Polish Holstein-Friesian bulls. Twenty seven bulls were included in the analysis. Bulls were selected as having in the pedigree known carrier of CD (Maughlin Storm CANM000005457798). All bulls were diagnosed by the test described by Menzi et al. (2016) by using allele-specific PCR. Among 27 bulls, 9 new CD carriers were found. Our results show that causal mutation for CD is already transmitted to Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle. The results are sufficient ground to take practical action in order to avoid further spreading of mutation causing CD.
Public Management in a Real Estate Area – Some Empirical Evidence from Polish Municipalities
Authors: Marona Bartłomiej 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe main goal of this paper is to present the role of individual concepts ofpublic managementin the process of real estate management in Polish municipalities. Special attention was given to New Public Management (NPM) as well as Good Governance (GG). The paper, apart from a review of literature and its critique, is based on the results of a survey conducted among municipalities belonging to the Kraków Metropolitan Area. This study demonstrates that both the NPM and the GG concepts do not constitute a benchmark model in the practice of municipal real estate management in Poland. The concepts are treated more as a set of tools from which the majority of municipalities choose only some, selected instruments.
Fundamental Analysis – Possiblity of Application on the Real Estate Market
Authors: Figurska Marta , Wisniewski Radoslaw 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The most common method supporting investing on the capital market or making decisions on the real estate market is technical analysis. This article, however, focuses on the less popular fundamental analysis, the importance of which is increasing on internationals markets, especially fully-developed ones.
Fundamental analysis is used for long-term predictions of values of future phenomena, based on historical data and any factors likely to affect the level of supply and demand. The final result of its use is an appraisal the true value of the subject of valuation, or so-called fundamental (intrinsic) value.
Using this method to analyze, diagnose and forecast economic phenomena, as well as become familiar with the market in terms of its fundamentals, positively influences the process of taking investment measures and leads to a better understanding of the real estate market.
The aim of the following study is to describe the possibility of applying fundamental analysis on the real estate market, based on the principles existing on capital markets. This article serves as an introduction to the subject-matter as well as the beginning of series of publications dedicated to different aspects of conducting fundamental analysis in the context of the real estate market.
Analysis of Housing Development Activity in Poland from 2005-2014
Authors: Cellmer Radosław , Jasiński Janusz 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The growth of both the construction market and the property market depends on various macroeconomic and legal factors, as well as on demographic, institutional, stock and local conditions. The aim of this research was to determine the spatial differentiation, dynamics and determinants of housing development activity in Poland in the context of historical and current legal conditions. This activity was measured, first of all, by the number of construction contracts and the number of completed buildings and dwelling units.
During the research, an attempt was made to establish determinants of construction activity, by analyzing social, demographic and economic factors concerning individual districts. With this aim in view, the study used statistical panel data models, constructed on the basis of data created as a result of combining time series of observations for cross-sectional units.
The results of the research are presented not only in the form of statistical models, but also as a series of cartographic studies, prepared with the application of GIS tools, presenting the current status of housing development activity in Poland.
Personhood and Sexuality – Systematic-theological Reflextions and Perspectives
Authors: Iff Markus 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The author deals with the topic of personhood/human being and sexuality from a systematic-theological perspective and seeks the link between theological and human sciences. He reflects on different approaches to the phenomenon of sexuality, discusses anthropological and sociological conditions, taking into account the insights of contemporary human sciences. He then presents the basic principles of a biblical-theological understanding of sexuality and reflects the outcome hermeneutically. The insights of the human sciences on the phenomenon of sexuality are thereby perceived and brought into their meaning, but also questioned from the point of view of theology. Finally, he outlines the context of personhood/human being and sexuality in a systematic-theological perspective that can serve as a theological-ethical orientation for interpreting and dealing with sexuality.
Reaching Invariables: Between Theology, Anthropology and Christology
Authors: Swoboda Ulrike 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The article deals with pictures of God and humans in relation to Art (Artificial Reproductive Technologies). Although sexuality and Art are connected issues the sexual attribute of humans is somehow missing in documents of protestant churches trying to define Christian anthropology. The purpose of this article is to compare two documents of two member churches of Cpce (Community of Protestant Churches in Europe) in respect of Gen 1,26–27 (the creation of men in the image of God) while dealing with the ethical challenges of Art.
Homosexuality from a Contemporary Orthodox Perspective
Authors: Toroczkai Ciprian Iulian 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Homosexuality, from an Orthodox perspective, falls in the category of sins that cry to Heaven for vengeance. The condemnation root of this sin has its basis into certain scriptural texts. However, the theological and the pastoral approach of homosexuality within the Orthodox Church is a taboo subject. On the one hand, the works and the studies which clarify how to relate to homosexuals within a parish are missing; on the other hand, the homosexuals’ testimonies and the problems that they are face with, as members of the Orthodox Church, are also missing. The current study reviews certain more important Orthodox contributions on the theme of homosexuality, namely the challenges and the possible responses which it raises.
Phrase Structure Patterning and Licensing for English and Serbian Speaker-Oriented Adverb Subclasses
Authors: Dimković-Telebaković Gordana 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This paper attempts to set phrase structure rules for English and Serbian speaker-oriented adverb subclasses. Adverbs are looked at here as specifiers licensed by the semantic feature [ILLOCUTIONARY FORCE]. The results suggest that illocutionary, evaluative and evidential adverbs normally merge within the complementizer layer and the inflectional layer, and that English epistemic adverbs are in most cases preferably integrated into the inflectional layer, whereas Serbian epistemic adverbs tend to occur in the sentence-initial position.
Syntactic and Lexical Complexity of B2 Listening Comprehension Subtests in English: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ilc Gašper , Stopar Andrej 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Adopting Weir’s (2005) socio-cognitive validation framework, the present paper focuses on the syntactic and lexical complexity of listening comprehension subtests in three B2-level examinations: The City Guilds international examination in English, The First Certificate in English, and the General Matura in English. By analysing and interpreting the results obtained from different automated tools, the research aims to determine to what extent the three subtests are comparable. The results of the study suggest the unreliability of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) as a sole mechanism for test comparisons.
Conceptual Metaphors with the Source Domain of Insanity in English and Serbian
Authors: Pavlović Tijana Vesić 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The paper explores the conceptual metaphors with the source domain of insanity in English and Serbian, focusing on the features of the source domain that are transferred into target domains. It is shown that the experience that shapes these metaphors relies on the manifestations of mental illness and the common beliefs about mental illness that hold in both languages.
The Role of Personifying Metaphors in English and Romanian Legal Texts
Authors: Jumanca Romaniţa 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This paper attempts to carry out an analysis of metaphors in a corpus of legal documents, within the theoretical framework of the cognitive metaphor theory as conceived by Lakoff and Johnson (1980). There is a notable use of conceptual metaphors and framings in the law we live by which, undoubtedly, have a major impact on the way millions of people in the world act and react in their attempt of decoding legal messages. Since metaphors are basically cognitive constructs, their meaning can be grasped only through a process of transfer of significance from a source domain to a target one, leading thus, to an interpretation of the legal discourse.
Buszel, Kombajner, and Rels: Fisiak’s 1961 Corpus of English Borrowings in Polish Fifty Five Years Later
Authors: Dylewski Radosław 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The onset of Professor Jacek Fisiak’s scholarly career is marked by his 1961 Ph.D. dissertation devoted to the lexical influence of English upon Polish. This study, conducted 55 years ago, offers a multilayered analysis and sets the standards of studies on lexical transfer from English to Polish for the years to come. The present article is a tribute to Fisiak’s first scholarly endeavor; it examines the fate of lexical items comprising Fisiak’s corpus in the second decade of the 21st century. More specifically, by conducting searches in the National Corpus of Polish as well as a Google search, the paper checks which borrowings to the Polish language listed and scrutinized by Fisiak gained popularity, which fell out of use, and which underwent semantic changes.
The Effect of Dreissena polymorpha on Bacterioplankton, Nematode Fauna and their Relations to Environmental Factors in Ogosta Reservoir (Danube Basin)
Authors: Kalcheva Hristina , Stoichev Stefan , Beshkova Mihaela , Kalchev Roumen , Stanchkova Marieta , Kozuharov Dimitar , Trichkova Teodora 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Spatial, seasonal, and annual bacterioplankton dynamics in recently infested by the species Dreissena polymorpha Ogosta Reservoir were studied for the first time during three year period. Bacterioplankton total number was higher in spring in ecotone zones, than in summer at thermocline. NH4-N, PO4-P, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, COD and chlorophyll-a correlate positively, while transparency and Ca2+ negatively with bacteria. Nematode species composition, included 22 species studied (13 rarely found and Rhabditis brevispina new for Bulgaria) belonging to nine families. The D. polymorpha impact is positive on nematodes and phytoplankton, negative on zooplankton and bacterioplankton, but weak positive on larger bacteria, rods and attached bacteria.
Proposing a Technical Solution for Restoring Longitudinal Connectivity in the Brădeni/Retiş Accumulation Area on Hârtibaciu River
Authors: Voicu Răzvan , Miles Kelly , Sotir Robbin , Bănăduc Angela-Curtean , Bănăduc Doru 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The fish fauna of the Hârtibaciu River has experienced a disrupted connectivity due to the hydrotechnical works and the Brădeni/Retiş Dam located across the Hârtibaciu watercourse being one of this significant obstacles. The newly proposed constructed wetlands can improve the habitat quality for the fish species of conservative interest sampled in the Brădeni/Retiş Dam proximity Rhodeus amarus, and can increase the individuals’ number of this population. Also can benefit the local populations of Phoxinus phoxinus and Gobio obtusirostris. Using gravitational force and also the underground layout, a proposed technical solution gives maximum safety regarding the water supply for the newly proposed to be created wetlands.