bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating histological aspects of scars in children
Authors: Westra I. , Verhaegen P.D.H.M. , Ibrahim Korkmaz H. , Braam K.I. , Kaspers G.J.L. , Niessen H.W.M. , Niessen F.B. 
Published: May 2017

Objective: Very little is known about histological aspects of paediatric scars and the possible role of the immune system during their formation. In this study, the histology thoracic scars caused by the placement of an implantable central venous access device in children who underwent treatment for cancer was assessed. Method: The amount and type of collagen, the collagen orientation, the type of elastic fibres, the vascularsation, and the count of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes were analysed. The severity of scarring was assessed using the Vancouver scar scale (VSS). To evaluate the role of the immune system on scar severity and histology, the scars of children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were compared with the scars of children suffering from other types of childhood cancer. Results: Our results showed an extremely random orientation of the collagen fibres of the paediatric scars with a mean collagen orientation index of 0.22 (standard deviation (SD) 0.10, zero indicating a perfectly random orientation and a perfectly parallel orientation). A lower collagen orientation index was seen in scars with a lower VSS score (VSS score <3: 0.19 versus VSS score ≥3 0.29, p=0.037). A higher total VSS score, resembling a worse scar, was assessed to the scars in the non-ALL group compared with the children with ALL (mean ALL: 0.91 (0–3) versus mean non-ALL: 2.50 (0–6), p=0.037). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating a wide array of histological aspects in paediatric scars. Compared with adult scars, an extremely random collagen orientation was found (0.22 in children versus 0.41 and 0.46 adult normotrophic and hypertrophic scars, respectively). A lower collagen orientation index was found in scars with a lower VSS score. In addition, less severe scarring was measured in children suffering from ALL compared with children suffering from other types of childhood cancer. This suggests that the immune system could play a role in the development of aberrant scarring and should be a target for future research.
Evaluation of autologous skeletal muscle-derived factors for regenerative medicine applications
Authors: Yoshikawa M. , Nakasa T. , Ishikawa M. , Adachi N. , Ochi M. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesRegenerative medicine is an emerging field aimed at the repair and regeneration of various tissues. To this end, cytokines (CKs), growth factors (GFs), and stem/progenitor cells have been applied in this field. However, obtaining and preparing these candidates requires invasive, costly, and time-consuming procedures. We hypothesised that skeletal muscle could be a favorable candidate tissue for the concept of a point-of-care approach. The purpose of this study was to characterize and confirm the biological potential of skeletal muscle supernatant for use in regenerative medicine.MethodsSemitendinosus muscle was used after harvesting tendon from patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. A total of 500 milligrams of stripped muscle was minced and mixed with 1 mL of saline. The collected supernatant was analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry. The biological effects of the supernatant on cell proliferation, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis in vitro were evaluated using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).ResultsThe supernatant contained several GFs/CKs, with especially high levels of basic fibroblast growth factor, and CD34+ cells as the stem/progenitor cell fraction. With regard to biological potential, we confirmed that cell proliferation, osteoinduction, and angiogenesis in hMSCs and HUVECs were enhanced by the supernatant.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrates the potential of a new point-of-care strategy for regenerative medicine using skeletal muscle supernatant. This attractive approach and readily-available material could be a promising option for tissue repair/regeneration in the clinical setting. Cite this article: M. Yoshikawa, T. Nakasa, M. Ishikawa, N. Adachi, M. Ochi. Evaluation of autologous skeletal muscle-derived factors for regenerative medicine applications. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:277–283. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.65.BJR-2016-0187.R1.
The efficacy of rotational control designs in promoting torsional stability of hip fracture fixation
Authors: Gosiewski J. D. , Holsgrove T. P. , Gill H. S. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesFractures of the proximal femur are a common clinical problem, and a number of orthopaedic devices are available for the treatment of such fractures. The objective of this study was to assess the rotational stability, a common failure predictor, of three different rotational control design philosophies: a screw, a helical blade and a deployable crucifix.MethodsDevices were compared in terms of the mechanical work (W) required to rotate the implant by 6° in a bone substitute material. The substitute material used was Sawbones polyurethane foam of three different densities (0.08 g/cm3, 0.16 g/cm3and 0.24 g/cm3). Each torsion test comprised a steady ramp of 1°/minute up to an angular displacement of 10°.ResultsThe deployable crucifix design (X-Bolt), was more torsionally stable, compared to both the dynamic hip screw (DHS, p = 0.008) and helical blade (DHS Blade, p= 0.008) designs in bone substitute material representative of osteoporotic bone (0.16 g/cm3polyurethane foam). In 0.08 g/cm3density substrate, the crucifix design (X-Bolt) had a higher resistance to torsion than the screw (DHS, p = 0.008). There were no significant differences (p = 0.101) between the implants in 0.24 g/cm3density bone substitute.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the clinical standard proximal fracture fixator design, the screw (DHS), was the least effective at resisting torsional load, and a novel crucifix design (X-Bolt), was the most effective design in resisting torsional load in bone substitute material with density representative of osteoporotic bone. At other densities the torsional stability was also higher for the X-Bolt, although not consistently significant by statistical analysis. Cite this article: J. D. Gosiewski, T. P. Holsgrove, H. S. Gill. The efficacy of rotational control designs in promoting torsional stability of hip fracture fixation. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:270–276. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.65.BJR-2017-0287.R1.
The clinical and cost effectiveness of a virtual fracture clinic service
Authors: McKirdy A. , Imbuldeniya A. M. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesTo assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a virtual fracture clinic (VFC) model, and supplement the literature regarding this service as recommended by The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the British Orthopaedic Association (BOA).MethodsThis was a retrospective study including all patients (17 116) referred to fracture clinics in a London District General Hospital from May 2013 to April 2016, using hospital-level data. We used interrupted time series analysis with segmented regression, and direct before-and-after comparison, to study the impact of VFCs introduced in December 2014 on six clinical parameters and on local Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) spend. Student’s t-tests were used for direct comparison, whilst segmented regression was employed for projection analysis.ResultsThere were statistically significant reductions in numbers of new patients seen face-to-face (140.4, sd 39.6 versus 461.6, sd 61.63, p < 0.0001), days to first orthopaedic review (5.2, sd 0.66 versus 10.9, sd 1.5, p < 0.0001), discharges (33.5, sd 3.66 versus 129.2, sd 7.36, p < 0.0001) and non-attendees (14.82, sd 1.48 versus 60.47, sd 2.68, p < 0.0001), in addition to a statistically significant increase in number of patients seen within 72-hours (46.4% 3873 of 8345 versus 5.1% 447 of 8771, p < 0.0001). There was a non-significant increase in consultation time of 1 minute 9 seconds (14 minutes 53 seconds sd 106 seconds versus 13 minutes 44 seconds sd 128 seconds, p = 0.0878). VFC saved the local CCG £67 385.67 in the first year and is set to save £129 885.67 annually thereafter.ConclusionsWe have shown VFCs are clinically and cost-effective, with improvement across several clinical performance parameters and substantial financial savings for CCGs. To our knowledge this is the largest study addressing clinical practice implications of VFCs in England, using robust methodology to adjust for pre-existing trends. Further studies are required to appreciate whether our results are reproducible with local variations in the VFC model and payment tariffs. Cite this article: A. McKirdy, A. M. Imbuldeniya. The clinical and cost effectiveness of a virtual fracture clinic service: An interrupted time series analysis and before-and-after comparison. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:–269. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.65.BJR-2017-0330.R1.
From ‘African Cinema’ to film services industries: A cinematic fact
Authors: Ureke Oswelled , Tomaselli Keyan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article problematizes the universally used phrase ‘African cinema’ and explores how it can be examined in terms of a film services framework, which includes both industrial criteria and ideological shifts, as a way of deepening screen media studies in searching for a more holistic value chain framework. The main argument is that the idea of ‘African cinema’, especially as defined from racial, continental or ideological points of view, is outworn, reductive and in need of revision. The article complements other scholarly work situated in cinematic fact contexts of production.
Využití aktivit podporujících profesní rozvoj a vnímání jejich překážek učiteli základních a středních škol
Authors: Michek Stanislav 
Published: May 2017

Anotace: V souvislosti s výsledky mezinárodního šetření TALIS 2013, se snahou o zavedení karierního řádu a důrazem na profesní rozvoj pedagogických pracovníků nabývají na významu otázky, jak se profesně rozvíjejí současní učitelé v ČR, jaké využívají aktivity podporující jejich profesní rozvoj a v čem vidí překážky svého profesního rozvoje. V příspěvku jsou představeny výsledky dotazníkového šetření. Do výzkumu se zapojilo 2 472 učitelů ze všech krajů ČR, všech typů a druhů škol regionálního školství. Výzkum ukázal rozdíly v preferenci aktivit podporujících profesní rozvoj učitelů v závislosti na typu školy, kde působí, dosaženém vzdělání, genderu učitelů a délce pedagogické praxe. Jako nejvýznamnější překážku uváděli učitelé kolizi aktivit profesního rozvoje se svým rozvrhem.Klíčová slova: Profesní rozvoj učitelů, překážky profesního rozvoje, učitelé.
Reï¬exe jako nástroj změny komunikačního chování učitele: případová studie
Authors: Šeďová Klára 
Published: May 2017

Abstrakt: V této studii podrobujeme analýze data získaná prostřednictvím reflektivních rozhovorů s učiteli v rámci vzdělávacího programu zaměřeného na změnu komunikačního chování učitelů. Klademe si otázku, jaký je obsah reflektivních rozhovorů a zda existuje korespondence mezi tímto obsahem a následnou změnou výuky. Ukazujeme, že jde o korespondenci selektivní, neboť učitel zapracovává do své výuky jen selektivně zvolené podněty z rozhovorů. Zároveň se zapracováním změny se jako nepředpokládaný důsledek typicky vynoří nový problém, který je předmětem kritické reflexe v dalším kroku. Dále ukazujeme, jak jsou reflektivní rozhovory formovány odlišným profesním viděním učitelů a výzkumníků a jak je přes toto odlišné profesní vidění možné dospět k souladu. Klíčová slova: Výuková komunikace, akční výzkum, vzdělávání učitelů, reflektivní rozhovory
Přístupy české vzdělávací politiky po roce 1989: Deprofesionalizace učitelství a učitelského vzdělávání?
Authors: Spilková Vladimíra 
Published: May 2017

Anotace: Příspěvek je věnován kritické reflexi vývoje přístupů české vzdělávací politiky k učitelské profesi a přípravě na ni po roce 1989. Jsou analyzovány relevantní dokumenty vzdělávací politiky, legislativní návrhy i reálné zásahy decizní sféry v této oblasti v posledních 25 letech. V centru pozornosti jsou mezníky ve vývoji a klíčové problémy – profesionalizace učitelství a její podpora ze strany vzdělávací politiky vs. deprofesionalizace, profesní standard jako soubor klíčových profesních kompetencí, které jsou předpokladem ke kvalitnímu zvládání profese v měnících se nárocích na školní vzdělávání, karierní systém jako prostředek k podpoře profesního růstu učitelů, přístupy ke kvalitě učitelského vzdělávání, míra liberálnosti vzdělávací politiky v oblasti přípravy učitelů v kontextu výrazné kurikulární reformy (akademické svobody na straně jedné a odpovědnost státu za kvalitu vzdělávání a tedy i za kvalitu učitelů na straně druhé), vymezování rámcových požadavků na přípravu učitelů ze strany státu, reálné možnosti a meze Akreditační komise ČR v ovlivňování kvality vzdělávání na fakultách připravujících budoucí učitele. Klíčová slova: Vzdělávací politika, proměny profese v kontextu proměn školního vzdělávání, profesionalizace a de-profesionalizace učitelství, profesní standard, kvalita učitelského vzdělávání, fakulty připravující učitele, akreditační komise.
Accomplishing “rapport” in qualitative research interviews: Empathic moments in interaction
Authors: Prior Matthew T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study seeks to bring a more interactionally grounded perspective to the concept of “rapport” and its relevance for qualitative interviewing practices. Building on work within conversation analysis (CA), it respecifies rapport asaffiliationand, more specifically,empathy. Analysis centers on case study data from an interview with an asylum seeker from the Philippines. It examines how interviewer and interviewee move in and out of empathic moments across the interview sequences as they manage their affective stances related to the events the interviewee describes and, in turn, by managing their empathic alignments with each other. These empathic moments share a number of features: they primarily come after response delays and the interviewee’s response pursuits, they are part of assessment sequences built by lexical reformulation and repetition, they entail stance matching and upgrading mainly through the use of prosodic resources, and they involve the interviewee asserting his primary rights to characterize and assess his own experiences. The article concludes by recommending more attention to the affiliative and empathic dimensions of qualitative interviewing.
Dumont’s Hierarchy Among the Nuosu of China
Authors: van der Veer Peter , Wu Da 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In this article we consider whether Dumont’s theory of hierarchy in the Indian caste system (or elements thereof) might be applicable to the hierarchal distinctions of Nuosu society in south-west China and vice versa. Nuosu society is characterized as both a ‘slave society’ and a caste society. It is the categories of ‘slavery’ and ‘caste’ that deserve our attention here. Like slaves in Nuosu society, Hindu society in India sees untouchables as ‘outsiders’. They live outside the village and have to use their own wells for drinking water. At the same time, they are in fact the slaves of the dominant ‘pure’ caste in the village and depend entirely on it. They have to show deference when they encounter a member of the dominant caste, and in some regions, such as Kerala, there were slave markets where they could be bought and sold. We do not produce a point-by-point comparison between Indian society and Nuosu society here, but examine Dumont’s theory of hierarchy in the light of what we know of Nuosu society.
Modern Consumer in Cyberspace – Internet and Psychology Approach
Authors: Jabłońska Marta R. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Online reality becomes a natural environment for nowadays companies. As more and more companies have understand a necessity of their presence in the cyberspace, they still need to learn about complex nature of young people who are becoming customers. The paper aims to present modern consumer from sociological and psychological perspective. First, it describes generations Y, Z, and C and their most common online activities and then concentrates on their behaviors performed online. To reach the aim of the paper, a study has also been conducted to investigate discussed behaviors.
The Level of Development of the Digital Economy in Poland and Selected European Countries: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Moroz Miroslaw 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn assessment of the degree of the development of the digital economy in Poland in comparison to chosen European countries is the main purpose of the paper. The methodology of the conducted research is based on the analysis of secondary sources and applying statistical methods. In order to make the comparison in methodically correct manner, synthetic measures of the development of the e-economy were used in the form of two indexes: NRI (Networked Readiness Index) and DESI (Digital Economy and Society Index). On the basis of available statistical data, four European countries were confronted with Poland. Results of the analysis indicate a relatively unfavorable situation of Poland.
Compensation for Personal Injury: Comparative Incentives for the Interplay of Tort Law and Insurance Law
Authors: Koziol Helmut 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThere are quite a lot of differences between compensation schemes in Europe when it comes to personal injuries. Under most legal systems the social security systems do not change the law of damages as the social insurer can take recourse against the tortfeasor. But particularly in Scandinavia the social security system displaces tort law by excluding the possibility of recourse and thus providing for a generous release from liability for the offender. These differences give the impression that they would prevent harmonisation of European compensation systems, but it seems that such differences are bridgeable.
Adsorption removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Tewari Kshitij , Singhal Gaurav , Arya Raj Kumar 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In this review, the state of the art on the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution using adsorption technique is presented. The objective is to critically analyze different adsorbents available for malachite green dye removal. Hence, the available recent literature in the area is categorized according to the cost, feasibility, and availability of adsorbents. An extensive survey of the adsorbents, derived from various sources such as low cost biological materials, waste material from industry, agricultural waste, polymers, clays, nanomaterials, and magnetic materials, has been carried out. The review studies on different adsorption factors, such as pH, concentration, adsorbent dose, and temperature. The fitting of the adsorption data to various models, isotherms, and kinetic regimes is also reported.
Children’s Gender and Men’s Income: Evidence from Iran
Authors: Abbasi Hossein A. , Karimi Seyed M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn many societies, men work for more hours and acquire higher wages if they have sons versus daughters. Gender bias, higher returns to male children’s human capital, and higher costs of raising male children are hypothesized to explain this behavior. Among these, gender bias has received stronger support from empirical studies. Using a four-year panel dataset, we show that a different institutional setting may make men respond to their children’s gender differently. We study men’s income in a dotal society, Iran, where families are expected to provide dowry for their marrying daughters. We show that, in contrast to the findings in developed countries, Iranian men earn more income when they have daughters versus sons, and we argue that the institution of marriage is the major reason for this unconventional finding.
Wittgensteins „General Remarks“
Authors: Rothhaupt Josef G. F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDuring the period from 1929 to 1951, Wittgenstein himself marked and collected some distinctive remarks to be found in his Nachlass. A detailed philological and philosophical study shows that this corpus of remarks is divided into two parts. The first runs from 1929 to 1931 and from 1937 to 1938 and consists of those indicated with the sectional marking “O”, while the second runs from 1931 to 1951 and consists of those indicated with the sectional marking “|…|“. The first contains all of the Remarks on Frazer’s ‘Golden Bough’ corresponding to Part I of the latter and taken from TS211 and MS110 - remarks which appear there in a broader context. And it can also be shown that Part II of the Remarks on Frazer’s ‘Golden Bough’, taken from MS143, belongs to this same context. The selection and extraction of them all forms a significant and extraordinary corpus with a focus on a broad range of cultural themes.During the period from 1965 to 1966, Georg Henrik von Wright made “A Collection of Remarks by Ludwig Wittgenstein”. From this (till now unknown and unpublished) selection, G. H. von Wright then again made a selection. This famous selection from a selection from Wittgenstein’s Nachlass was published - under the title Vermischte Bemerkungen / Culture and Value.My article presents and compares these important collections of “General Remarks” and “Cultural Remarks” - that from Ludwig Wittgenstein himself and that made posthumously by Georg Henrik von Wright.
The Practice of Following Rules
Authors: Vossenkuhl Wilhelm 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRule following has been estimated as a major issue in Wittgenstein’s later philosophy. It seemed to be a key to understand his philosophy of language, and a criterion for the correct use of words. It was further valued as a notion, which conforms to standards required in a theory of language. In this essay I shall argue that these views are neither supported in the Philosophical Investigations nor in any other of Wittgenstein’s writings. In my view rule following serves as a default option to clarify that there are no definite standards of the correct use of words and in consequence, that the actual use of a language is not to be explained at all. Any approach to an explanation of the actual language use by means of rules appears to be nonsensical and beside the point. In order to recognize this view one has to take Wittgenstein’s proposition seriously and at face value that the use of a language is a practice. Providing that only the practice counts the famous “paradox” reappears in a new light.