bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are differences in population prevalence of alcohol's harm to others related to survey administration mode?
Authors: Sundin Erica , Landberg Jonas , Galanti Maria Rosaria , Room Robin , Ramstedt Mats 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. This study assessed the comparability of estimates of alcohol's harm to others across different administration modes in Swedish general population surveys. Harm was categorised as harm from strangers' drinking and harm from heavy drinkers known to the respondent. Design and Methods. Three surveys were conducted in 2011/2012 (n = 6841), including identical questions. One was based on self‐administered postal or Web questionnaires, and two were based on computer‐assisted telephone interviews of which one included a more ambitious procedure in terms of for example monetary incentives to the respondents. Pearson χ2‐tests were used to compare differences in the prevalence of harm. To estimate potential effects of survey mode, the samples were pooled, and multivariate Poisson regression models with mode as explanatory variable were used, adjusting for socio‐demographic and behavioural factors. Results. Respondents in the two computer‐assisted telephone interviews were more likely to report harm from strangers' drinking compared with respondents in the self‐administered postal or Web questionnaires. However, no significant differences were found between survey modes concerning reports of harm from known people's drinking. Discussion and Conclusions. A survey mode based on interviews seems to facilitate reports of harm from strangers' drinking. This does not apply to reports of harm from known people's drinking. Therefore, the comparability of estimates of alcohol's harm to others between survey modes depends on the type of harm being studied. [Sundin E, Landberg J, Galanti MR, Room R, Ramstedt M. Are differences in population prevalence of alcohol's harmto others related to survey administration mode?
Root caries experience among Australian adults
Authors: Hariyani Ninuk , Spencer A. John , Luzzi Liana , Do Loc Giang 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundIncrease in life expectancy and tooth retention in contemporary Australian adults may increase population‐level burden of having root caries. This study aimed to describe patterns and evaluate associations of root caries with socio‐demographic, socio‐economic, clinical and behavioural factors.MethodsA secondary analysis was undertaken using data from the National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004‐2006, which included 5505 randomly general adults 15+ years old. Participants underwent an oral examination and completed an interview and a questionnaire. Prevalence and mean number of decayed/filled root (root DFS), untreated root (root DS), filled root (root FS), gingival recession, oral hygiene and gingival status were derived from examinations. Socio‐demographic, socio‐economic and behavioural factors were self‐reported. Multivariable models were generated to estimate prevalence ratios (PR), mean ratios (MR) and confidence intervals (95% CI), adjusting for number of surfaces with gingival recession. Additional analysis for older adults 60+ years old was presented.ResultsThe prevalence of root caries was 25.3% (CI=23.6‐27.1) and 62.0% [CI=58.7‐65.1] among general and older adults, respectively. Risk factors found were similar in both populations. Smokers had higher prevalence and mean number of root DFS, DS and FS than never‐smokers. In contrast with poor oral hygiene, high income and frequent brushing were significantly associated with lower mean root DS. Frequent dental visiting was associated with higher root FS and DFS.ConclusionsRoot caries affected about a quarter of Australian general adults and more than a half of older adults. People who were smokers presented a significantly higher prevalence and severity of root caries.
Comparison of personality traits and successful aging in older Taiwanese
Authors: Chiao Chia‐Yi , Hsiao Chiu‐Yueh 
Published: May 2017

AimThe present study aimed to compare the difference of personality traits and successful aging among older Taiwanese adults. The proportions of successful agers who meet the criteria for successful aging was also be proposed.MethodsA comparative descriptive study design was applied. To measure the definition of successful aging, three concepts proposed by Rowe and Kahn with five indicators were included. Demographic data were compared by the χ2‐test and Fisher's exact test across the subgroups defined by social economic status, marital status, and health habits. The comparison of personality traits and successful aging was applied by logistic regression.ResultsThe results of the present study showed that the personality traits of conscientiousness, openness and emotional stability were found to be related to the dimensions of successful aging. In addition, except for the personality trait of openness, the personality traits of conscientiousness, extraversion, emotional stability and agreeableness were significantly different in the successful aging versus the non‐successful aging group.ConclusionsThe present study found the differences between personality traits and successful aging. Our study also provided essential information with regard to the differences of successful aging for older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2239–2246.
Greater stimulation of greenhouse gas emissions by stored yak urine than urea in an alpine steppe soil from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau: A laboratory study
Authors: Cai Yanjiang , Du Ziyin , Yan Yan , Wang Xiaodan , Liu Xiuping 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUrine deposition by grazing animals, with urea as the major constituent, is an important nitrogen (N) source in grassland ecosystems and may affect the production of three potent greenhouse gases (GHGs): nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). However, owing to the greater chemical complexity of urine, the effect of urine on GHG emissions may differ from that of urea, and this difference has not been well reported. A short‐term laboratory study was conducted to examine the influence of stored yak urine and urea at addition rates of 350 and 700 mg N m−1 soil on GHG emissions at 20 and 60% water holding capacity (WHC) in an alpine steppe soil from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Compared with no N addition, urea led to greater increases in soil ammonium N (NH4+–N) concentrations, while yak urine resulted in a greater increase in soil dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Greater (P < 0.05) cumulative N2O and CH4 emissions occurred under 60% than 20% WHC, but soil moisture content did not affect CO2 emissions (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant (P > 0.05) differences in N2O or CH4 emissions between the two N‐addition rates, regardless of N type. The increases in N2O and CH4 emissions after N addition were greater in the urine than in the urea treatments, particularly under 60% WHC. The average CO2 emissions for the two soil moisture contents in the urine treatments increased with increasing N‐addition rate, but the two urea treatments showed similar values to the control. The greater GHG emissions in the stored yak urine treatments were probably due to the existence of intrinsic organic carbon. Our results suggest that fresh yak urine may also possibly cause more GHG losses than urea under equivalent N application rates in alpine steppe soil on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau.
Aquifers Shared Between Mexico and the United States: Management Perspectives and Their Transboundary Nature
Authors: Sanchez Rosario , Eckstein Gabriel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTotally 36 aquifers have been identified along the Mexico‐U.S. border. Of these, only 16 have adequate data to provide a reasonable level of confidence to categorize them as transboundary. Limited and/or contrasting data over the other aquifers in the region reflects the void in transboundary groundwater management and assessment mechanisms throughout much of the Mexico‐U.S. border. This paper identifies management mechanisms, structures, and institutional prioritization related to transboundary aquifers shared between Mexico and the United States. It also evaluates the differences in the transboundary nature of these aquifers, and how their combined hydrological and geographical considerations interrelate with local and regional social, economic, political, and even scale dimensions to create complex management challenges.
Frequency‐Dependent Habituation Deficit of the Nociceptive Blink Reflex in Aura With Migraine Headache. Can Migraine Aura Modulate Trigeminal Excitability?
Authors: Perrotta Armando , Anastasio Maria Grazia , De Icco Roberto , Coppola Gianluca , Ambrosini Anna , Serrao Mariano , Sandrini Giorgio , Pierelli Francesco 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo study the influence of the migraine aura on the trigeminal nociception, we investigated the habituation of the nociceptive blink reflex (nBR) R2 responses in aura with migraine headache (AwMH) and comparatively in migraine without aura (MWoA) and healthy subjects (HS).BackgroundA clear deficit of habituation in trigeminal nociceptive responses has been documented in MWoA; however, similar data in MWA are lacking.MethodsSeventeen AwMH, 29 MWoA, and 30 HS were enrolled and a nonrandomized clinical neurophysiological study examining nBR habituation by clinical diagnosis was devised. We delivered a series of 26 electrical stimuli, at different stimulation frequencies (SF) (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 Hz), subsequently subdivided in five blocks of five responses for each SF. The mean area values of the second to the fifth block expressed as the percentage of the mean area value of the first block were taken as an index of habituation for each SF.ResultsA significant lower mean percentage decrease of the R2 area across all blocks was found at 1, 0.5, 0.3, and 0.2 Hz SF in MWoA and at 0.3 and 0.2 Hz SF in AwMH, when compared to HS. In the most representative fifth block of responses, we found in MWoA vs HS at 1 Hz, 57.0 ± 27.8 vs 30.6 ± 12.0; at 0.5 Hz, 54.8 ± 26.1 vs 32.51 ± 17.7; at 0.3 Hz, 44.7 ± 21.6 vs 27.6 ± 13.2; at 0.2 Hz, 61.3 ± 29.5 vs 32.6 ± 18.0, and in AwMH vs HS at 0.3 Hz, 52.7 ± 24.7 vs 27.6 ± 13.2; at 0.2 Hz, 69.3 ± 38.6 vs 32.6 ± 18.0 as mean ± SD of the R2 area percentage of the first block, respectively. Interestingly, AwMH subjects did not show differences in mean percentage decrease of the R2 area at 1 and 0.5 Hz SF when compared to HS. No differences between groups were found at 0.1 and 0.05 Hz SF.ConclusionsWe demonstrated in AwMH a deficit of habituation of the nBR R2 responses after repeated stimulations, although less pronounced than that observed in MWoA of comparable clinical severity. We hypothesize that AwMH and MWoA share some pathogenetic aspects, and also that migraine aura physiopathology may play a modulating role on the excitability of the nociceptive trigeminal pathways.
The stability of vitamin A in fortified palm olein during extended storage and thermal treatment
Authors: Silalahi Dewi Kristina Natalia , Yuliyanti Dewi , da Silva Monica , Christianti Isti , Mulyono Karyanto , Wassell Paul 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe stability of vitamin A in Refined Bleached Deodorised Palm Olein (RBDPOL) was studied for 24 months. Vitamin A decreased with time, temperature and thermal treatment (frying/cooking). RBDPOL fortification was observed over several temperature ranges, using PET, nylon and HDPE commercial packaging materials. After 24 months, the following vitamin A contents of 39–43 IU g−1 (39–45%) at 16–20 °C; 35–40 IU g−1 (43–49%) at 24–29 °C; and 28–39 IU g−1 (45–73%) at 24–45 °C were detected at the respective temperature ranges. Results showed stability of vitamin A fortified RBDPOL vegetable oil was not stable over typical shelf life (12 months). Depletion of vitamin A accelerated when the RBDPOL vegetable oil was subjected to high temperature thermal treatment.
Is it acceptable to use coagulation plasma samples stored at room temperature and 4°C for 24 hours for additional prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, antithrombin, and D‐dimer testing?
Authors: Rimac V. , Coen Herak D. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIntroductionCoagulation laboratories are faced on daily basis with requests for additional testing in already analyzed fresh plasma samples. This prompted us to examine whether plasma samples stored at room temperature (RT), and 4°C for 24 hours can be accepted for additional prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen (Fbg), antithrombin (AT), and D‐dimer testing.MethodsWe measured PT, aPTT, Fbg in 50 and AT in 30 plasma samples with normal and pathological values, within 4 hours of blood collection (baseline results) and after 24‐hours storage at RT (primary tubes), and 4°C (aliquots). D‐dimer stability was investigated in 20 samples stored in primary tubes at 4°C.ResultsNo statistically significant difference between baseline results and results in samples stored at RT and 4°C was observed for PT (P=.938), aPTT (P=.186), Fbg (P=.962), AT (P=.713), and D‐dimers (P=.169). The highest median percentage changes were found for aPTT, being more pronounced for samples stored at 4°C (13.0%) than at RT (8.7%).ConclusionPlasma samples stored both at RT and 4°C for 24 hours are acceptable for additional PT, Fbg, and AT testing. Plasma samples stored 24 hours in primary tubes at 4°C are suitable for D‐dimer testing.
A Methodical Approach for Systematic Life Cycle Assessment of Wood‐Based Furniture
Authors: Wenker Jan L. , Richter Klaus , Rüter Sebastian 
Published: May 2017

SummaryExisting life cycle assessment (LCA) studies for furniture focus on single pieces of furniture and use a bottom‐up approach based on their bill of materials (BOM) to build up the data inventories. This approach does not ensure completeness regarding material and energy fluxes and representativeness regarding the product portfolio. Integrating material and energy fluxes collected at company level into product LCA (top‐down approach) over‐rides this drawback. This article presents a method for systematic LCA of industrially produced furniture that merges the top‐down approach and bottom‐up approach. The developed method assigns data collected at the company level to the different products while, at the same time, considering that wood‐based furniture is a complex product. Hence, several classifications to reduce the complexity to a manageable level have been developed. Simultaneously, a systematic calculation routine was established. The practical implementation of the developed method for systematic LCA is carried out in a case study within the German furniture industry. The system boundary was set in accord with the EN 15804 specification cradle‐to‐gate‐with‐options. The analysis therefore includes the manufacturing phase supplemented by an end‐of‐life scenario. The case study shows that the manufacturing of semifinished products (especially wood‐based panels and metal components) as well as the electric energy demand in furniture manufacturing account for a notable share of the environmental impacts. A sensitivity analysis indicates that up to roughly 10% of the greenhouse gas emissions are not recorded when conducting an LCA based on a BOM instead of applying the developed approach.
Development of a rectal sexually transmitted infection (STI) Model in Rhesus macaques using Chlamydia trachomatis serovars E and L2
Authors: Henning Tara R. , Morris Monica , Ellis Shanon , Kelley Kristen , Phillips Christi , Ritter Jana , Jones Tara , Nachamkin Eli , Chen Cheng Y. , Hong Jaeyoung , Kang Joseph , Patton Dorothy , McNicholl Janet , Papp John , Kersh Ellen N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundRectal STI coinfection models enhance the understanding of rectal HIV transmission risk factors.Materials and MethodsRhesus macaques (n=9) were exposed to one of three rectal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) challenges: C. trachomatis L2 (CT‐L2); C. trachomatis serovar E (CT‐E), followed by CT‐L2; or CT‐E, treatment/clearance, then CT‐L2. Infections were monitored by PCR. Weekly blood and rectal secretion/lavage samples were collected for cytokine analyzes and/or epithelial sloughing, occult, and overt blood determinations.ResultsChlamydial infections were successfully established in each animal, with varying degrees of persistence. Mucosal IL‐1beta was upregulated in animals consecutively infected with CT‐E then CT‐L2 (P=.05). Epithelial sloughing was also significantly increased post‐infection in this group (P=.0003).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates successful rectal infection of rhesus macaques with CT‐E and CT‐L2 and describes measures of assessing rectal inflammation and pathology. Different infection strategies yield varying inflammatory and pathologic outcomes, providing well‐described models for future SIV/SHIV susceptibility studies.
Developmental effects of androgens in the human brain
Authors: Nguyen T.‐V. 
Published: May 2017

Neuroendocrine theories of brain development posit that androgens play a crucial role in sex‐specific cortical growth, although little is known about the differential effects of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on cortico‐limbic development and cognition during adolescence. In this context, the National Institutes of Health Study of Normal Brain Development, a longitudinal study of typically developing children and adolescents aged 4‐24 years (n=433), offers a unique opportunity to examine the developmental effects of androgens on cortico‐limbic maturation and cognition. Using data from this sample, our group found that higher testosterone levels were associated with left‐sided decreases in cortical thickness (CTh) in post‐pubertal boys, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, compared to right‐sided increases in CTh in somatosensory areas in pre‐pubertal girls. Prefrontal‐amygdala and prefrontal‐hippocampal structural covariance (considered to reflect structural connectivity) also varied according to testosterone levels, with the testosterone‐related brain phenotype predicting higher aggression levels and lower executive function, particularly in boys. By contrast, DHEA was associated with a pre‐pubertal increase in CTh of several regions involved in cognitive control in both boys and girls. Covariance within several cortico‐amygdalar structural networks also varied as a function of DHEA levels, with the DHEA‐related brain phenotype predicting improvements in visual attention in both boys and girls. DHEA‐related cortico‐hippocampal structural covariance, on the other hand, predicted higher scores on a test of working memory. Interestingly, there were significant interactions between testosterone and DHEA, such that DHEA tended to mitigate the anti‐proliferative effects of testosterone on brain structure. In sum, testosterone‐related effects on the developing brain may lead to detrimental effects on cortical functions (ie, higher aggression and lower executive function), whereas DHEA‐related effects may optimise cortical functions (ie, better attention and working memory), perhaps by decreasing the influence of amygdalar and hippocampal afferents on cortical functions.
Balloon aortic valvuloplasty in contemporary practice
Authors: Sandhu Kully , Krishnamoorthy Suresh , Afif Ashari , Nolan James , Gunning Mark G. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThere has been a revival of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) for severe aortic stenosis, as a result of an increasing number of patients undergoing trans‐catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, there has not been universal adoption of BAV as a standalone, nor bridging therapy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the practice at our institution between June 2009 and May 2016 was performed. Demographic, clinical, procedural, and follow‐up data on all patients were collected.ResultsA total of 200 patients with a median age of 82 years and severe symptomatic aortic stenosis underwent BAV from June 2009 to May 2016. All patients had appreciable comorbidity with a mean logistic Euro SCORE of 48 ± 11 and mean standard Euro SCORE 15 ± 4. BAV was performed for palliation in 118 (59%), as a bridging therapy for TAVI in 55 (27.5%) and bridging to surgical AVR in 27 patients (13.5%), respectively. Major complications occurred in 14 patients (7%) including 2 in‐patient deaths (1%). A statistically significant improvement in symptoms and a decrease in trans‐valvular gradient were observed.ConclusionBAV is an effective treatment strategy, either as a bridge to definitive therapy or as a palliative procedure, with an acceptable mortality. BAV is associated with a significant improvement in symptoms and is valuable as a palliative treatment in high‐risk patients, where no other invasive option is available.
Adversity and resilience amongst resettling Western Australian paediatric refugees
Authors: Hanes Gemma , Sung Lydia , Mutch Raewyn , Cherian Sarah 
Published: May 2017

AimCumulative adverse childhood experiences have long‐term consequences and may manifest within and influence health, educational and psychosocial domains. The Princess Margaret Hospital Refugee Health Service (RHS) undertakes multidisciplinary screening of refugee children <16 years, allowing standardised identification of negative childhood experiences. Addition of the extended Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in 2014 aimed to augment psychological assessment of this cohort.MethodsAn audit of prospectively collected standardised RHS proformas, health records and initial and 6‐month follow‐up SDQs for new patients aged 2–16 years between August 2014 and January 2016 was undertaken. Wider refugee adverse childhood experiences (R‐ACE) were also captured.ResultsInitial SDQ data were obtained from 204 patients (mean age 9.2 ± SD 4.4 years) with 143 follow‐up SDQs available. One third (37.3%) had at least one psychological symptom identified based on initial screening proforma. Multiple R‐ACE were disclosed with 126 of 201 (62.7%) experiencing ≥3. African ethnicity, age >10 years, separation anxiety on initial proforma and no formal parental education were associated with higher R‐ACE. Initial SDQ results varied with age/ethnicity; however, peer problem scores were consistently elevated. Total difficulty SDQ scores did not capture psychopathology at expected frequencies. Improvement in follow‐up SDQ results were appreciated for children aged 4–10 years. Most patients (80.2%) disclosed improvement in health status following RHS involvement.ConclusionsRefugee children have complex backgrounds with exposure to multiple traumatic events. Comprehensive standardised health and psychological screening is recommended to target intervention. Further validation of culturally age‐appropriate mental health screening tools in this diverse population is required.