bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality indicators for early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Roos Daniel E , Tee Hui C 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this project was to devise simple, practicable quality indicators (QIs) for the treatment of early stage (I‐II) Hodgkin's lymphoma (ESHL), and to test their applicability retrospectively at a single large teaching hospital.MethodsOf the available treatment guidelines, we chose the two eviQ (evidence and Quality, Cancer Institute New South Wales) documents first published in early 2012 (updated in 2015) for ESHL favourable and ESHL unfavourable (based upon German Hodgkin Study Group practice) as being most relevant to the Australian setting, and selected nine QIs from them viz. baseline staging investigations, discussion in a multi‐disciplinary meeting, chemotherapy type and number of cycles, radiotherapy (RT) planning technique, use of dose volume histograms, dose, treatment volume and timing. We identified all patients with ESHL treated radically with chemotherapy and/or RT at the Royal Adelaide Hospital between July 2009 and July 2014, and extracted relevant data from hospital records. QI score for each item was defined as the percentage of patients who received care as recommended in the eviQ guidelines, and improvement potential as an indicator score <90%.ResultsRaw QI scores varied between 74–100%. When corrected for clinical circumstances legitimising deviation from the guidelines, the range was 83–100%. Only number of chemotherapy cycles (87% corrected) and RT dose (83% corrected) had improvement potential. However, compliance after publication of the eviQ guidelines was virtually perfect for each item.ConclusionsThe chosen QIs for ESHL proved to be practicable to apply in this single centre review where overall compliance was high, and excellent in the latter half of the study period. We would encourage reporting of raw and corrected QI scores.
Effects from changes to the Medicare Benefits Schedule in 2014 on cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography scans across Australia
Authors: Zhang Alyssa , Brown Louise F , Monsour Paul A 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionThis study examines the effects of the new Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) operating from 1st November 2014 on the number of Medicare rebated panoramic radiography (PR) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.MethodsData for rebated PR and CBCT scans were extracted from Medicare Australia Statistics online for four 12‐month periods: November 2011–October 2012, November 2012–October 2013, November 2013–October 2014 and December 2014–November 2015.ResultsThere was a reduction in the number of CBCT scans rebated across Australia under the new MBS. Nationally, December 2014–November 2015 showed a 65.3% reduction in the number of CBCT scans when compared to the peak in the previous 12 months under the old MBS. The number of rebated PR scans remained constant.ConclusionThe new MBS implemented on 1st November 2014 resulted in a reduction in the number of rebated CBCT scans, but had no effect on rebated PR scans. Overall, there has been considerable cost savings for Medicare due to the change in MBS. Additionally, the reduction in the number of rebated CBCT scans has resulted in a substantial reduction in the ionising radiation load to the Australian community as a whole, but especially the younger age groups.
Diagnosing neonatal transphyseal fractures of the distal humerus
Authors: Kay Matthew , Simpkins Carly , Shipman Peter , Whitewood Colin 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA traumatic birth can cause significant upper limb injury; the presenting features are non‐specific and the differential diagnosis long. Transphyseal fractures of the distal humerus are a rare but clinically important birth injury. This injury has typical radiographic findings, which due to the un‐ossified nature of the distal humeral epiphysis can easily be misinterpreted. This article presents the radiographic appearance correlated with arthrography, ultrasound and MRI obtained from four cases of neonatal transphyseal fracture of the distal humerus. We hope that by demonstrating the appearances for each of these imaging techniques in relation to the underlying pathology will reduce errors of interpretation that may lead to inappropriate diagnosis and management of these children.
Micro X‐ray computed tomography suggests cooperative feeding among adult invasive bugs Leptoglossus occidentalis on mature seeds of stone pine Pinus pinea
Authors: Farinha Ana O. , Branco Manuela , Pereira Manuel F. C. , Auger‐Rozenberg Marie‐Anne , Maurício António , Yart Annie , Guerreiro Vera , Sousa Edmundo M. R. , Roques Alain 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The consumption of edible pine seeds of stone pine by the invasive Leptoglossus occidentalis represents a major concern for producers in Mediterranean countries but, to date, little knowledge is available about its feeding process on these seeds.
In the present study, we tested whether L. occidentalis is capable of feeding upon mature pine seeds and also estimated the impact that they may induce.
Sound pine seeds were offered to bugs under laboratory conditions. Seed content was analyzed via a multitechnique approach using a stereomicroscope, X‐rays and microcomputed tomography, which was expected to better characterize the damage caused by this bug.
Adults of L. occidentalis were capable of feeding on mature seeds by piercing the hard and thick coat. However, the consumption was low and demonstrated a slow start, presumably as a result of the time and effort taken to drill a feeding hole.
A collaborative feeding process was suggested because all bugs in the same box appeared to have fed through the same hole in most cases.
Consumption was estimated to be approximately one‐fifth of a seed kernel per bug per month. Consumed kernels appeared skunked and wrinkled.
Effects of landscape cover and local habitat characteristics on visiting bees in tropical orchards
Authors: Tangtorwongsakul Pornpimon , Warrit Natapot , Gale George A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Global population declines of insect pollinators highlight the need for a greater ecological understanding of the responses of wild pollinators to local management actions and to human alterations of landscapes, especially in the tropics where crops are highly dependent on wild pollinators.
We examined the effects of local and landscape factors on the richness and abundance of bees in farms around Bangkok, Thailand. Bee communities in 24 mango (Mangifera indica L.) orchards in heavily modified landscapes (61–99% anthropogenic land cover) were compared. We predicted that bees would be more species rich in orchards with higher flower diversity, whereas small‐sized bees with non‐eusocial and/or below‐ground nesting habits would be more sensitive to human disturbance, and hence rare.
Twenty‐eight species were caught and individuals of genus Apis comprised >92% of 3842 bees sampled and dominated all 24 sites.
Habitat effects on bee richness and abundance were stronger at the farm scale than at the landscape scale. At the farm scale, total bee richness and abundance, as well as small, non‐eusocial and below‐ground nesting bee richness and abundance, were negatively associated with field size and positively associated with flowering plant diversity. The percentage of urban land cover within a 1‐km radius was weakly but positively related to total bee richness and small‐sized bee richness; total bee abundance was positively associated with wetland cover.
A greater diversity of flowering plants retained in smaller fields maintained higher bee richness and abundances, particularly small‐sized bees. Farmers can enhance bee populations by maintaining small patches of flowers in their fields.
An evolving approach to delirium: A mixed‐methods process evaluation of a hospital‐wide delirium program in New Zealand
Authors: Alhaidari Abdullah AO , Allen‐Narker Rosalind AC 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveA process evaluation was carried out to assess and potentially improve the design and implementation of a hospital‐wide delirium program.MethodsA mixed‐methods sequential‐explanatory design was used; retrospective chart reviews for 100 older (75+) medical inpatients were conducted to measure nurses’, doctors’ and coders’ adherence to key program processes following which interviews were conducted to identify potential barriers to implementation.ResultsDelirium occurred in 49% of patients. Chart reviews revealed suboptimal adherence to the delirium risk assessment (66%), the Short Confusion Assessment Method (50% on admission, 58% during admission), documentation of delirium in clinical records (80%) and discharge letters (38%) and coding for delirium (49%). The major barriers to implementation identified were failure to recruit non‐nursing staff, unclear goals and instructions, difficulties using the Short‐CAM, time constraints with competing priorities and lack of outcome expectancy.ConclusionA new delirium program was needed based on these findings.
Fatigue and training of obstetrics and gynaecology trainees in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Tucker Paige E. , Cohen Paul A. , Bulsara Max K. , Acton Jade 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundSeveral studies have linked doctor fatigue with adverse patient events and an increase in risk to doctors' personal safety and wellbeing. The present study assesses the rostering structure of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) trainees and its association with trainees' reported fatigue levels, training opportunities and wellbeing, which were secondary outcomes of a larger study of trainee working hours which has been separately reported.MethodsAn anonymous, online survey of RANZCOG trainees was conducted. Demographic data collected included: age, gender, level of training and current rotation. Data were also collected on hours worked per week, long shifts (>12 h), self‐reported fatigue levels, and opinions regarding current rostering and training.ResultsA majority (72.9%) of respondents regularly felt fatigued, with higher fatigue levels being associated with more hours worked per week (P = <0.001) and working long shifts (>12 h) (P = 0.007). Fatigue was associated with an increased risk of dozing while driving (P = 0.028), with 56.1% of respondents reporting that this occurs. Trainees appeared to be less confident in achieving their technical skill requirements, with increasing hours not increasing confidence in achieving these skills (P = 0.594). Trainees who worked under 50 h per week were less likely to report fatigue (P = <0.001) and more likely to report greater work enjoyment (P = 0.043), and working hours being conducive to learning (P = 0.015).ConclusionFatigue was frequently reported by RANZCOG trainees with increased working hours and long shifts being significant factors in fatigue levels. Strategies should be developed and trialled to enable trainees to obtain adequate case exposure and teaching without compromising patient and doctor safety.
Utility of βhCG monitoring in the follow‐up of medical management of miscarriage
Authors: Petersen Scott G. , Perkins Anneliese R. , Gibbons Kristen S. , Bertolone Julia I. , Mahomed Kassam 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the percentage change in total βeta‐unit human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG) levels (%ΔβhCG) in the prediction of treatment outcomes following intravaginal misoprostol for missed miscarriage before 13 weeks.MethodsA secondary analysis of a randomised controlled study of medical management of miscarriage was performed. Total βhCG levels were collected before misoprostol (baseline) and after a planned seven day interval (follow‐up), when a transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) reported a gestational sac as present or not. If no sac at TVUS, surgery was indicated on clinical criteria. %ΔβhCG ((baseline βhCG – follow‐up βhCG)/baseline βhCG × 100) was evaluated in the prediction of a sac at TVUS and surgery on clinical criteria.Results%ΔβhCG was calculated for cases with βhCG levels within two days of misoprostol and TVUS; calculation interval determined case number. The median %ΔβhCG for 24 cases with a persistent sac (6–9 day interval) was significantly lower than for 145 with no sac (58.75% (interquartile range (IQR): 37.59–76.69; maximum 86.54) vs 97.65% (IQR: 95.44–98.43); P < 0.0001). The median %ΔβhCG for eight cases needing surgery on clinical criteria (5–9 day interval) was significantly lower than for 140 cases with no sac not needing surgery (79.68% (IQR: 64.63–91.15; maximum 94.06) vs 97.68% (IQR: 95.61–98.50); P < 0.0001). The area under the receiver‐operator curve was 0.975 for prediction of a persistent sac and 0.944 for prediction of surgery on clinical criteria, respectively. %ΔβhCG > 87% predicted no sac at TVUS. %ΔβhCG > 94.5% predicted no surgery on clinical criteria.Conclusion%ΔβhCG calculation over one week reliably predicted treatment outcomes after medical management of missed miscarriage.
A nomogram for predicting prognostic value of inflammatory response biomarkers in decompensated cirrhotic patients without acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Cai Y.‐J. , Dong J.‐J. , Dong J.‐Z. , Chen Y. , Lin Z. , Song M. , Wang Y.‐Q. , Chen Y.‐P. , Shi K.‐Q. , Zhou M.‐T. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundInflammation plays a vital role in liver cirrhosis progression and prognosis.AimTo investigate the prognostic significance of inflammatory response markers in decompensated cirrhotic patients without acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF).MethodsIndependent predictors were identified using multivariate Cox model and then assembled into a nomogram to predict survival. Concordance index (C‐index) and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristics (td‐ROC) analysis were adopted to evaluate and compare the performance of nomogram, model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) scores, MELD‐Na and Chronic Liver Failure‐consortium score for acute decompensated (CLIF‐C ADs).ResultsA total of 902 decompensated cirrhotic patients with different aetiologies were enrolled, with 6‐month, 1‐year and 3‐year mortality of 18.6%, 24.4% and 34.8%, respectively. The cut‐off values for neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) determined by X‐tile program were 5.7 and 1.1 respectively. Patients with NLR>5.7 or LMR≤1.1 had significantly higher mortality (P < 0.001). Independent factors derived from multivariable Cox analysis of development cohort to predict mortality were age, NLR and LMR (hazard ratio (HR): 1.064, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.045–1.084, P < 0.001; HR: 1.124, 95%CI: 1.091–1.158, P < 0.001; HR: 0.794, 95%CI: 0.702–0.898, P < 0.001, respectively). The C‐indexes of nomogram were higher than that of MELD score, MELD‐Na and CLIF‐C ADs for predicting survival. The tdROC and decision curves showed that nomogram was superior to MELD score, MELD‐Na and CLIF‐C ADs. Similar results were observed in validation cohort.ConclusionThe proposed nomogram with neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio resulted in accurate prognostic prediction for decompensated cirrhotic patients without ACLF.
Demographic and preliminary employment data of the first two graduate cohorts from a rural veterinary school
Authors: Hyams JH , Raidal SL , Hayes LM , Heller J 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo report initial career experiences and graduate employment destinations 1 and 5 years following graduation of the 67 graduates from the first two graduating classes of the veterinary science program at Charles Sturt University.DesignOnline survey of graduates from the 2010 and 2011 cohorts undertaken 12 months following course completion and descriptive data on graduate practice locations 5 years post‐graduation.ProcedureQuestions covered general demographic information, issues relating to work–life balance and factors influencing vocational choices. Descriptive statistics and qualitative responses are reported, with comparisons between continuous variables by two‐sample t‐test and between categories by Chi‐square analyses. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Graduates' locations 5 years after graduation were obtained from veterinary registration details and staff contact with graduates.ResultsComplete survey responses were received from 39 graduates of whom 34 were employed in regional areas, 1 in a very remote area, 3 in major cities and 1 overseas. Hours worked and salary received were consistent with other survey data, with new graduates working in regional practices earning slightly more than those working in metropolitan practices. At 5 years following graduation, the majority (56/61, 92%) remained in rural or regional Australian veterinary practices, with a further five graduates overseas and one lost to follow‐up.ConclusionThis study supported the selection criteria and educational approaches at CSU in establishing most of the new graduates in rural and regional mixed veterinary practice.
Locus of control and frequency of physician visits: Results of a population‐based longitudinal study in Germany
Authors: Hajek André , König Hans‐Helmut 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo examine the role of internal and external locus of control (LOC) in the frequency of physician visits longitudinally.DesignA nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of German households. Data were used from the years 2005 and 2010.MethodsData were gathered from the German Socio‐Economic Panel (GSOEP). The ten internal and external LOC items in the SOEP are based on a scale by Krampen. The number of physician visits in the last 3 months was used as outcome variable. According to Andersen's behavioural model, predisposing characteristics, enabling resources, and need factors were included as control variables.ResultsFixed‐effects Poisson regressions showed that physician visits increased with increasing external LOC, whereas changes in internal LOC were not associated with changes in physician visits. Furthermore, physician visits increased with need factors (decreased self‐rated health; onset of disability), whereas predisposing characteristics and the enabling resources were not associated with physician visits.ConclusionsOur findings emphasize the meaning of changes in external LOC for physician visits. As there is evidence that interventions can change the LOC, efforts to modify external LOC might be beneficial for the health care system.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

A few cross‐sectional studies have investigated the association between locus of control (LOC) and health care use.

Longitudinal studies are needed to get a deeper understanding of the causal relationship between these factors.

What does this study add?

Our longitudinal study provides insights into the impact of general internal and external LOC on physician visits.

This is the first study examining the long‐term relation in Germany using a population‐based sample.
A core outcome set for localised prostate cancer effectiveness trials
Authors: MacLennan Steven , Williamson Paula R. , Bekema Hanneke , Campbell Marion , Ramsay Craig , N'Dow James , MacLennan Sara , Vale Luke , Dahm Philipp , Mottet Nicolas , Lam Thomas ,   the COMPACTERS Study Group
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo develop a core outcome set (COS) applicable for effectiveness trials of all interventions for localised prostate cancer. Many treatments exist for localised prostate cancer, although it is unclear which offers the optimal therapeutic ratio; which is confounded by inconsistencies in the selection, definition, measurement and reporting of outcomes in clinical trials.Patients, Subjects and MethodsA list of 79 outcomes was derived from a systematic review of published localised prostate cancer effectiveness studies and semi‐structured interviews with 15 patients with prostate cancer patients. A two‐stage consensus process involving 118 patients and 56 international healthcare professionals (HCPs; cancer specialist nurses, urological surgeons and oncologists) was undertaken, consisting of a three‐round Delphi survey followed by a face‐to‐face consensus panel meeting of 13 HCPs and eight patients.ResultsThe final COS included 19 outcomes. In all, 12 apply to all interventions: death from prostate cancer, death from any cause, local disease recurrence, distant disease recurrence/metastases, disease progression, need for salvage therapy, overall quality of life, stress urinary incontinence, urinary function, bowel function, faecal incontinence, and sexual function. Seven were intervention‐specific: perioperative deaths (surgery), positive surgical margin (surgery), thromboembolic disease (surgery), bothersome or symptomatic urethral or anastomotic stricture (surgery), need for curative treatment (active surveillance), treatment failure (ablative therapy), and side‐effects of hormonal therapy (hormone therapy). The UK‐centric participants may limit the generalisability to other countries, but trialists should reason why the COS would not be applicable. The default position should not be that a COS developed in one country will automatically not be applicable elsewhere.ConclusionWe have established a COS for trials of effectiveness in localised prostate cancer, applicable across all interventions that should be measured in all localised prostate cancer effectiveness trials.
NUBPL, a novel metastasis‐related gene, promotes colorectal carcinoma cell motility by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Wang Yuhui , Wu Nan , Sun Donglin , Sun Haiming , Tong Dandan , Liu Duo , Pang Bo , Li Su , Wei Jia , Dai Jialin , Liu Yang , Bai Jing , Geng Jingshu , Fu Songbin , Jin Yan 
Published: March 2017

Nucleotide binding protein‐like, NUBPL, is an assembly factor for human mitochondrial complex I, which is the biggest member of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. However, the relationship between NUBPL and carcinoma progression remains unknown. In this study, NUBPL was characterized for its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Data (n = 197) from the Oncomine database revealed that mRNA levels of NUBPL were remarkably overexpressed in CRC tissues compared with normal tissues. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of 75 pairs of CRC and non‐tumor tissues showed that the expression level of NUBPL was significantly higher in CRC tissues, and its expression level was positively associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.028) and advanced staging (P = 0.030). Expression of NUBPL in metastatic lymph nodes of CRC patients was also detected by immunohistochemical staining and high expression levels of NUBPL were observed. Overexpression of NUBPL significantly promoted the migration and invasion ability of CRC cell lines SW480 and SW620, whereas knockdown of NUBPL lead to an opposite effect. Our further study found that NUBPL could induce epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by downregulation of epithelial markers (E‐cadherin) and upregulation of mesenchymal markers (N‐cadherin and vimentin). Moreover, NUBPL was able to activate ERK, which is believed to promote EMT and tumor metastasis. Inhibition of ERK suppressed the NUBPL‐induced changes in EMT and cell motility. These data showed that NUBPL plays a vital role in CRC migration and invasion by inducing EMT and activating ERK. It might be a novel therapeutic target for CRC.