bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived benefits, information, vaccination history, and conspiracy beliefs as significant determinants of RSV vaccine acceptance among Arab seniors
Authors: Sallam Malik , Al-Mahzoum Kholoud , Yousef Zainab Mansour , Alfouzan Jeelan Saleh , Alharbi Maryam Jamal , Alsubaiei Mohammad Khaled , Albalwah Mohammed Yahya M. , Shehadeh Mohammad W. , Obeidat Rawan J. , Yaseen Khaled O. , Abdelaziz Doaa H. , Salim Nesreen A. , Sallam Mohammed , Barakat Muna 
Published: February 2025

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant respiratory health risk to senior citizens, contributing substantially to hospitalizations and mortality. With the recent approval of three RSV vaccines for the elderly, it is critical to understand the factors that can shape the RSV vaccination attitudes to inform public health strategies that can enhance uptake among this vulnerable population. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the potential factors that could influence the attitudes toward RSV vaccination among senior citizens in Arab countries. Design: A multinational cross-sectional study, adhering to STROBE guidelines, was conducted using a survey instrument previously validated through exploratory factor analysis to assess attitudes toward the newly approved RSV vaccine. Methods: A self-administered online survey was distributed conveniently among senior citizens mainly across five Arab countries. The survey collected data on demographics, vaccination history, and key constructs related to RSV vaccine attitude, including “Fear,” “Information,” “Accessibility,” “Benefits,” and “Conspiracy.” Results: A total of 483 participants were included in the study, with the majority from five Arab countries: Jordan ( n = 239, 49.5%), Kuwait ( n = 74, 15.3%), Egypt ( n = 68, 14.1%), Saudi Arabia ( n = 51, 10.6%), and the UAE ( n = 23, 4.8%), alongside participants from other Arab nations ( n = 28, 5.8%). Among the respondents, 51.1% ( n = 247) expressed acceptance of the RSV vaccine, 22.4% ( n = 108) were hesitant, and 26.5% ( n = 128) exhibited refusal. Multivariate analysis identified perceived benefits (β = 0.484, p < 0.001), information needs (β = 0.229, p < 0.001), and previous vaccination history (β = 0.087, p = 0.016) as significant positive predictors of vaccine acceptance. Conversely, stronger conspiracy beliefs (β = −0.083, p = 0.035) were associated with vaccine resistance. Fear and accessibility were not significant predictors of vaccine attitudes. Conclusion: The findings showed that perceived benefits, access to reliable information, previous vaccination history, and conspiracy beliefs are essential to promote RSV vaccine acceptance among Arab seniors. These factors are recommended to improve RSV vaccine uptake in this vulnerable population.
Burden of hidden migraine among the Arab general population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Elzayat Mohamed A. , Kassab Shorouq A. , Nada Mona A. F. , El-Gilany Abdel-Hady 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Migraine is a common type of primary headache which is responsible for one-third of the headache cases. It’s also considered the third highest neurological disease with disability in 2021, however, underdiagnosis of migraine remains a significant health problem. This study aims to assess the prevalence of hidden migraine identified by screening among the Arab general population, describe the characteristics of headache attacks, and assess disability and distress associated with migraine.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2024 among the general population of eight Arab countries using a self-administered online questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data and medical history. The questionnaire also included the ten-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Migraine Screen Questionnaire (MS-Q), and Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire (MIDAS).

Results
A total of 2152 individuals completed the questionnaire with a median age of 24 (21–29). Among them 683 (31.7%) individuals were screened positive by MS-Q. Using regression analysis, the independent predictors for positive screening were being Saudi Arabian, having one or more diseases, and having severe psychological distress with adjusted odds ratios of 0.622, 0.282, and 1.329 respectively. Among positive cases, 667 (97.7%) reported having headaches in the past 3 months. Phonophobia (50.97%) and photophobia (49.33%) were the most common associated symptoms. Sleep disturbance (66.72%) and noise (63.87%) were the most common triggering factors while sleep (71.81%) and self-medication (68.52%) were the most common relieving factors. Only 25.34% reported having aura with the last attack. According to MIDAS scores, 459 (67.2%) positive cases had moderate or severe disabilities. Regression analysis identified being a housewife and having one or more diseases as the independent predictors of having moderate or severe disabilities with adjusted odds ratios of 0.228 and 0.523 respectively.

Conclusion
Migraine is still underdiagnosed in Arab countries which causes significant disability among positive cases. Raising awareness about the importance of early migraine diagnosis is crucial for encouraging the general population to seek medical advice once they have symptoms.
Genome-wide association analysis using multiple Atlantic salmon populations
Authors: Ajasa Afees A. , Gjøen Hans M. , Boison Solomon A. , Lillehammer Marie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
In a previous study, we found low persistence of linkage disequilibrium (LD) phase across breeding populations of Atlantic salmon. Accordingly, we observed no increase in accuracy from combining these populations for genomic prediction. In this study, we aimed to examine if the same were true for detection power in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), in terms of reduction in p-values, and if the precision of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) would improve from such analysis. Since individual records may not always be available, e.g. due to proprietorship or confidentiality, we also compared mega-analysis and meta-analysis. Mega-analysis needs access to all individual records, whereas meta-analysis utilizes parameters, such as p-values or allele substitution effects, from multiple studies or populations. Furthermore, different methods for determining the presence or absence of independent or secondary signals, such as conditional association analysis, approximate conditional and joint analysis (COJO), and the clumping approach, were assessed.

Results
Mega-analysis resulted in increased detection power, in terms of reduction in p-values, and increased precision, compared to the within-population GWAS. Only one QTL was detected using conditional association analysis, both within populations and in mega-analysis, while the number of QTL detected with COJO and the clumping approach ranged from 1 to 19. The allele substitution effect and -log10p-values obtained from mega-analysis were highly correlated with the corresponding values from various meta-analysis methods. Compared to mega-analysis, a higher detection power and reduced precision were obtained with the meta-analysis methods.

Conclusions
Our results show that combining multiple datasets or populations in a mega-analysis can increase detection power and mapping precision. With meta-analysis, a higher detection power was obtained compared to mega-analysis. However, care must be taken in the interpretation of the meta-analysis results from multiple populations because their test statistics might be inflated due to population structure or cryptic relatedness.
The Genetic Information and Family Testing (GIFT) study: trial design and protocol
Authors: Katz Steven J. , Abrahamse Paul , Hofer Tim P. , Courser Rebecca R. , Hodan Rachel , Tocco Rachel S. , Rios-Ventura Sonia , Ward Kevin C. , Hamilton Ann S. , Kurian Allison W. , An Lawrence C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
There is pressing need to develop and evaluate clinically sound approaches to supporting the engagement between patients who have inherited cancer susceptibility and their relatives who may share it. Identifying and engaging patients with an inherited cancer susceptibility in the community is a potentially powerful strategy to reduce the gap in genetic risk evaluation for their families. The goal of the Genetic Information and Family Testing (GIFT) Study is to engage patients about inherited cancer susceptibility and provide support and services to their relatives to initiate genetic risk evaluation (including choice of home genetic testing).

Methods/design
We are conducting a population-based, 2 × 2 factorial cluster-randomized clinical trial to implement and evaluate a direct-to-family, virtual, personalized, family-centered communication and decision-making tool: the Family Genetic Health Program. We use a unique SEER-based data infrastructure that we pioneered to identify patients diagnosed with cancer in the states of Georgia and California who carry a pathogenic variant (PV) in clinically tested cancer susceptibility gene. Eligible patients are offered enrollment into the trial and can invite their eligible first- and second-degree relatives to enroll. The index subject is randomized, and relatives are then cluster randomized by family. Participants in all arms receive some level of intervention, including at least the web-based platform with information about genetic testing and, for the relatives, an option to receive genetic testing through the study platform. We study the effects of two intervention design features: (1) the level of personalized family genetic risk navigation support: a technology-assisted, personally tailored patient and family member education and communication tool vs. the tool plus direct assistance from a lay human navigator); and (2) the cost of the genetic test offered to the relatives ($50 vs. free).

Discussion
GIFT is a blueprint for how a virtual cascade genetic risk program can be delivered in the community, through a population-based approach to patients and relatives in families with hereditary cancer syndromes. The vision, experiences, and findings from GIFT will inform next-generation implementation science and the results will pertain to stakeholders interested in a population-based approach to cascade genetic risk evaluation.

Trial registration
NCT05552664 registered at Clincaltrials.gov September 20, 2022.
Periodontitis and gastrointestinal cancer: a nationwide cohort study of NHANES 2009–2014
Authors: Pu Ke , Luo Ting , Li Juan , Tang Qian , Feng Yang , Yang Guodong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The association between periodontitis and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer has undergone extensive investigation. However, there is ongoing controversy regarding the impact of periodontitis on the incidence and mortality rates among GIT cancer patients. This study aims to clarify the relationship between periodontitis and the risk as well as mortality rates of GIT cancer.
Methods: The data utilized in this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for the years 2009–2014, which included a total of 10,706 participants from the United States. The incidence and mortality rates of GIT cancer were analyzed in relation to periodontitis. To ensure the reliability of the results, additional adjustments for covariates and stratification analyses were conducted.
Results: In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, various variables such as age, sex, race, BMI, income, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were adjusted for. The analysis revealed no positive association between periodontitis and an increased risk of total cancer or GIT cancer including colorectal cancer. However, periodontitis was found to be significantly associated with higher mortality rates among participants for all-cause (HR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.26-2.00; P < 0.001), GIT cancer (HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.24–2.20; P < 0.001), and colorectal cancer (HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.24–2.19; P < 0.001) individually.
Conclusions: The study demonstrates that periodontitis is not associated with an increased risk of incidence for total cancer, or GIT cancer including colorectal cancer. However, it is significantly associated with a higher risk of mortality for all-cause, GIT cancer, and colorectal cancer among participants in the NHANES study.
The families SHARE project: novel insights on recruiting and engaging Black men in a community-based genomic education program
Authors: Nummelin Julia R. , Brookes Jama J. , Bishop Raegan A. , Whitted Calandra G. , Dash Chiranjeev , Koehly Laura M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Black Americans are disproportionately affected by a number of common complex conditions, such as cancer. Genomic tools like Family Health History (FHH) can be useful in guiding screening and behavior based on a person’s risk for these conditions. Factors such as family communication and societal norms can influence individuals’ knowledge of their FHH. Men, particularly Black men, are less likely than women to know FHH. Further, there is limited understanding of Black men’s participation in FHH dissemination, as they are often underrepresented in biomedical research. Understanding Black men’s perceptions of FHH sharing may help guide effective recruitment and retention efforts in future genomic research providing an opportunity to investigate their lack of engagement in FHH conversations.

Aims
The purpose of this paper was two-fold: (1) Detail methods that were effective in recruiting and retaining Black men in community-based genomic research interventions, and (2) Evaluate the factors influencing men’s participation in FHH gathering and sharing.

Methods
This one-year, mixed methods study combined qualitative community-based education programs (n = 12) and semi-structured interviews (n = 27), with quantitative survey assessing participant characteristics and sex differences (n = 50). Transcripts from the program were coded by separate study team members for themes and provided insights into study participants’ perceptions about FHH and their involvement in gathering and disseminating this information within their family.

Results
Challenges in recruiting and retaining Black men prompted the study team to pivot recruitment strategies, including partnering with community-based organizations focused on men’s health, growing the research team to include Black men, adapting to potential participants’ time constraints, and creating opportunities to build trust. A thematic analysis of community education sessions and interviews identified five themes, including social role expectations and perceived family disconnectedness, that provide insights into potential barriers to participation. Qualitative data from participants suggests that beliefs and perceptions about the roles Black men play in health discussions within the family may influence their involvement, while community programs were seen as encouraging men to engage in these conversations.

Conclusion
These lessons learned provide valuable perspectives on potential barriers to participation, which may inform future strategies that aim to engage Black men in family-oriented community education programs and genomic research.
Correlations between family characteristics and childcare in optimizing the growth of children under six years
Authors: Rahayuwati Laili , Yani Desy Indra , Hendrawati Sri , Setiawan Arlette Suzy , Irza Damar , Fauziah Sherllina Rizqi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Families have a the primary influence on children. In particular, excellent childcare in the family is assumed to correlate with children’s health status, growth, and development. Hence, some family factors contribute to the optimization of childcare. This study aims to analyze family characteristics that correlate with childcare for children under six in Indonesia.

Methods
The data collection instrument used was a Performance and Accountability Survey Program (SKAP) questionnaire of the National Population and Family Planning Board for Indonesia to assess family function in children’s health development in a sample of 7,651 parents, mothers, and/or fathers of children under six years of age. Childcare was the outcome variable. In addition, the chi-square test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.

Results
The results showed a significant correlation between parents’ education, family health insurance ownership, number of toddlers, preschool age children and media exposure to health with family parenting patterns that influence children’s health. Meanwhile, parental age and parents occupation did not significantly contribute to childcare quality. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (particularly 20–34 years), exposure to media about health, family without health insurance, and parents with more than two toddlers and pre-school age were associated with better childcare.

Conclusions
Several family characteristics were significantly associated with childcare for children under six, including health media exposure, older parental age (particularly 20–34 years), do not have family health insurance and have more than two toddlers and pre-school age children. These things contribute to the fulfilment of nutrition and exclusive breastfeeding, parenting patterns, and providing access to health services for children in the family.

Ethics application number
The data were approved by the National Population and Family Planning Board for Indonesia Ethical Review Institutions number 454/LB.02/H4/2019.
Is an improvement in anaemia and iron levels associated with the risk of early postpartum depression? A cohort study from Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Babah Ochuwa Adiketu , Beňová Lenka , Larsson Elin C. , Hanson Claudia , Afolabi Bosede Bukola 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Anaemia and depression are common conditions which affect pregnant and postpartum women. Evidence points to associations between anaemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy, and mental health disorders like depression. However, it is unclear the association between improvement in anaemia severity or iron levels during pregnancy and incidence of postpartum depression.

Objectives
This study examined association between improvement in anaemia severity and iron levels during pregnancy after four weeks of treatment and the incidence of depression at two weeks postpartum.

Methods
This cohort study nested within a clinical trial in Lagos Nigeria, included 438 anaemic (haemoglobin concentration < 11 g/dL) pregnant women at 20–32 weeks’ gestation without depression followed up until two weeks postpartum. Participants received either intravenous or oral iron treatment at enrolment. Repeat screening for anaemia and iron deficiency (serum ferritin < 30ng/mL) was done at four weeks post-treatment. The outcome, depression (score > 10), was measured at two weeks postpartum using validated Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Associations between improvement in anaemia severity and iron levels after four weeks post-enrolment versus depression at two weeks postpartum were examined using logistic regression analysis, adjusting for confounders.

Results
Mean age of women was 29.5 ± 5.6years. Median haemoglobin concentration of 9.3 (IQR: 8.8–9.8)g/dL and median serum ferritin 44.4 (IQR: 22.1–73.7)ng/mL at enrolment. Prevalence of postpartum depression was 5.8% (95%CI: 3.8–8.5%). There was a non-significant association between improvement in anaemia severity at four weeks post-enrolment and postpartum depression, aOR: 0.15 (95%CI: 0.02–1.15). The odds for postpartum depression was nearly five times higher in women who had postpartum haemorrhage, aOR: 4.90 (95%CI: 1.18–20.36). In the subgroup with iron deficiency (n = 148), no association was found between an improvement in iron levels four weeks post-enrolment and the odds for postpartum depression, aOR: 1.14 (95%CI: 0.09–3.93).

Conclusion
Improvement in anaemia severity during late pregnancy was non-significantly associated with lower risk for postpartum depression; no association between improvement in iron levels and postpartum depression. It is likely that an improvement in anaemia severity in early pregnancy will lessen the burden of postpartum depression; however, this study is limited by sample size to draw this conclusion.
Did the pandemic change lifestyle behaviours in Italy? An interrupted time series analysis on the four main NCDs behavioural risk factors from 2008 to 2023
Authors: Asta Federica , Minardi Valentina , Contoli Benedetta , Possenti Valentina , Casigliani Virginia , Masocco Maria 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had repercussions in several areas. The indirect effects of the pandemic on healthy living behaviours are multiple and complex to assess. The aim is to assess the impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy on the most relevant modifiable behaviours risks for non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Methods
PASSI 2008–2023 data referring to a sample of 18-69-year-olds residing in Italy was used to estimate the prevalences of smoking, alcohol, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical inactivity lifestyle. For each of these risks was used an interrupted time series (ITS) study with Generalized Least Squares (GLS) model to assess trends before and after the pandemic’s outbreak in Italy (March 2020). The “intervention” period is postulated as March 2020, and the “post-intervention” period extends from April 2020 to December 2023. In these models, the hypothetical situation without “intervention” and with the trend remains unchanged is commonly known as the ‘counterfactual’ scenario. Through ITS model both “counterfactual data” and “factual data” were obtained.

Results
From 2008 to 2023, 532,115 people were interviewed. Results showed, during “post-intervention” period, significant differences between factual and counterfactual prevalences started in 2022 and strengthened during 2023 and for all of the four behavioural indicators analysed: smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption (both all three of them worsening) and physical inactivity (which appears to decrease). Current smokers exhibited similar prevalences in March 2020 (24.5% vs. 24.3%), followed by a plateau throughout the entire ‘post-intervention’ period. By December 2023, however, the counterfactual prevalence was significantly lower than the observed rate (24.5% factual vs. 22.7% counterfactual). The initial improvement observed in the prevalence of high-risk drinkers in March 2020 (13% factual vs. 17% counterfactual) was followed by a rapid worsening and in December 2023 the prevalence was significantly higher than expected (19.7% vs. 16.9%). The fruit and vegetable consumption worsened and the factual prevalence of five-a-day in December 2023 was significantly lower than counterfactual (6.6% vs. 9.0%). Physical inactivity following an initial worsening in March 2020 (albeit not statistically significant), appeared to decrease in December 2023, with the factual prevalence lower than counterfactual (26.9% vs. 32.4%).

Conclusions
Results found in this article showed at the end of studied period the achievement of a plateau for current smokers, a worsening in the high-risk alcohol consumption, in fruit and vegetable intakes and a reduction in physical inactivity. Understanding shifts in these lifestyle indicators is crucial for the proper design of interventions aimed at reducing the burden of NCDs.