bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of compassionate mind training on student psychotherapists
Authors: Beaumont Elaine , Rayner Gillian , Durkin Mark , Bowling Gosia 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine pre and post outcome measures following a course of Compassionate Mind Training (CMT). Participants were students enrolled on a Post Graduate Diploma in Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapy (CBP). The aim of the research was to explore whether CMT would increase self-compassion, compassion for others, dispositional empathy and reduce self-critical judgement.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 21 participants who had enrolled on the CBP programme took part in the study. Data were collected using the self-compassion scale, interpersonal reactivity index, and the compassion for others scale.FindingsResults reveal an overall statistically significant increase in self-compassion scores and statistically significant reduction in self-critical judgement scores post training. There was no statistically significant difference post training on the interpersonal reactivity index or the compassion for others scale.Research limitations/implicationsCMT training may help students develop healthy coping strategies, which they can use to balance their affect regulation systems when faced with organisational, placement, client, academic, personal and supervision demands. Further research and longitudinal studies, using larger sample sizes are needed to explore if cultivating compassion whilst on psychotherapy training helps students build resilience and provide a barrier against empathic distress fatigue, compassion fatigue, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout.Practical implicationsIncorporating CMT into a CBP programme may bring changes in student levels of self-compassion and self-critical judgement.Originality/valueThis inaugural study examines whether incorporating CMT into a CBP programme impacts on students levels of compassion, dispositional empathy and self-critical judgement. The findings from this preliminary study suggest the potential benefits of training students in compassion focused practices.
The experiences of paid formal lived experience workers within a secure mental health service
Authors: Griffiths Christopher A. , Hancock-Johnson Ella 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report the experience and impact of paid staff who are employed to use their lived experience of mental health issues and service use within a secure mental health provider.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis was employed.

Findings
Results from this study suggest that employing lived experience workers (LEWs) in secure mental health settings is valuable to clinical staff, service users, the employing organisation and LEWs themselves. Findings emphasised the importance of support for LEWs to enable them to fulfil their role and maintain wellbeing, and the need to consider LEWs career progression within and beyond the role.

Research limitations/implications
This study had a small sample size.

Practical implications
There is evidence to support LEWs in secure mental health settings and requirement for further understanding of their work in this environment. Specific recommendations include the need for training for clinical staff about the role of LEWs, specific LEWs role training, and regular supervision and mental health support for LEWs.

Originality/value
This is the first paper reporting the experience and impact of LEWs in a UK secure mental health service.
Nursing students’ depiction of mental disorder
Authors: Carvalho José Carlos Marques , Tavares Cláudia Mara Melo 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Fighting the stigma of mental disorder is the core focus of nursing teachers closely working with mental health institutions and patients. The sharing of experiences calls attention to common motivations and concerns leading researchers to explore this universal phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the symbolic representation of mental disorder by undergraduate nursing students and to develop an instrument that contributes to reduce stigma.

Design/methodology/approach
Cross-cultural study, using a quantitative and qualitative analysis and of descriptive and exploratory nature, on the categorization of drawings made by undergraduate nursing students in Brazil and Portugal – to graphically represent mentally ill patients. The research was performed throughout a period of two school years, involving a total of 187 students. All ethical recommendations were considered.

Findings
Approximately, 50 different symbols were identified and sorted into categories. The most representative ones were “Interrogation” and “The World.” The study makes noteworthy contributions to raise awareness and enhance understanding on how future nursing graduates experience and perceive mental disorder.

Originality/value
Despite the cultural differences and geographical distance of participants, the study revealed similarities on how mental disorder is perceived. Students have still a little knowledge of new practices, of the profound changes in psychiatry and the major efforts of all mental health professionals to fight social exclusion of mentally ill persons. Drawing is a powerful educational tool to understand how people, namely, nursing students, feel and respond to mental illness.
Brexit, immigration and expanded markets of social control
Authors: Hirschler Steven 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of EU citizens’ exposure to UK immigration practices currently operating on non-EU migrants in the wake of the Brexit referendum.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on recent literature analysing the impact of immigration as a factor in voter decision making during the Brexit referendum. It challenges Hollifield’s (1992) concept of the “liberal paradox” through an analysis of private security firms’ roles in contributing towards the expansion of immigration control markets. The paper concludes with a review of migrant experiences within prisons, detention facilities and dispersed housing for asylum seekers.FindingsThe findings suggest that the abandonment of EU citizens’ freedom of movement into the UK will result in their exposure to a privatised immigration control regime that contributes to the commodification of immigrants at the expense of human welfare.Originality/valueThis paper provides a conceptual link between the role of immigration in the Brexit referendum and the implications of expanding the population of persons subject to immigration control to include EU immigrants. It draws on current debates about privatised social control markets to illuminate the social impact of valorising migrant bodies.
Roma inclusion post Brexit: a challenge to existing rhetoric?
Authors: James Zoë , Smith David 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThis paper proposes that the UKs exit from the EU is unlikely to impact heavily on the lived reality of Roma, given its negligible impact prior to Brexit. The paper sets out a critique of existing EU approaches to anti-Gypsyism that are based in discourses of racism and anti-nomadism and are typified in the EU hate crime agenda. The paper argues for recognition of the systemic social harms caused by discrimination against Roma in the EU and the commonality of their experience with other socially excluded groups that do not conform to the requirements of contemporary neoliberal capitalism. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe paper comprises an opinion piece that sets out a critical examination of existing literature on policy and research in Romani studies and utilises theoretical work within criminology and social policy.FindingsThe paper explains the inability of existing EU approaches to tackle social harms experienced by Roma throughout the EU. In doing so it suggests that the UKs exit from the EU may not have a significant impact on Roma in the UK.Originality/valueThe paper challenges extant discourses and proposes new ways of thinking about anti-Gypsyism.
Beneath the Appearance of Gentrification: Probing Local Complexities
Authors: Lui Tai‐Lok 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn ‘Gentrification in Hong Kong? Epistemology vs. Ontology’, Ley and Teo examine what they find to be the absence of identification and naming of gentrification in Hong Kong. They argue for the need to look at urban redevelopment in non‐Anglo‐American cities, those in Asia Pacific at the very least, in a different light. They query the extent to which the concept of gentrification has been overly stretched to explain urban processes falling outside Anglo‐American cities. This essay is a response to their argument. It presses for further and closer examination of local complexities and greater critical‐theoretical reflection on the transferability of analytical concepts to different socio‐economic contexts. Ley and Teo have raised some important questions for serious theoretical reflection and discussion. Yet they seem to have fallen into the problematic positions that they critique. Without sufficient attention to the part played by historical and local context in shaping the urban landscape, they have wrongly associated the absence of any identification of gentrification with the hegemony of a property‐related ideology of social mobility. The unpacking of the different social and political processes and mechanisms in urban redevelopment in different stages of urban growth in Hong Kong alerts us to the complexities of the local.
Public Company Audits and City‐Specific Labor Characteristics
Authors: Beck Matthew J. , Francis Jere R. , Gunn Joshua L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrior research emphasizes the centrality of audit offices in understanding auditing practices, and documents significant interoffice variation in audit outcomes based on industry expertise and office size. Our study examines how two city‐specific labor characteristics also affect audit offices and local audit markets: the city's average educational attainment, and the number of accountants in a city, which proxy for a city's human capital. Our argument draws on the urban economics literature and predicts that the level of human capital in a city is positively associated with an audit office's ability to conduct high‐quality audits. As expected, there is a positive association between audit quality (quality of audited earnings and accuracy of going‐concern reports) and average education level in the city in which the lead engagement office is located. This association is generally significant for both Big 4 and non‐Big 4 offices, but is relatively stronger for non‐Big 4 firms that are more tied to local labor markets. A company is also more likely to choose a non‐Big 4 auditor in cities with higher educational levels and relatively more accountants, and there is evidence of higher non‐Big 4 audit fees as a city's education level increases. Collectively, these results suggest that local labor characteristics affect audit offices, audit quality, and the ability of non‐Big 4 auditors to compete with Big 4 auditors in the audits of public companies.
High doses of anti‐inflammatory drugs compromise muscle strength and hypertrophic adaptations to resistance training in young adults
Authors: Lilja M. , Mandić M. , Apró W. , Melin M. , Olsson K. , Rosenborg S. , Gustafsson T. , Lundberg T. R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimsThis study tested the hypothesis that high doses of anti‐inflammatory drugs would attenuate the adaptive response to resistance training compared with low doses.MethodsHealthy men and women (aged 18–35 years) were randomly assigned to daily consumption of ibuprofen (IBU; 1200 mg; n = 15) or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; 75 mg; n = 16) for 8 weeks. During this period, subjects completed supervised knee‐extensor resistance training where one leg was subjected to training with maximal volitional effort in each repetition using a flywheel ergometer (FW), while the other leg performed conventional (work‐matched across groups) weight‐stack training (WS). Before and after training, muscle volume (MRI) and strength were assessed, and muscle biopsies were analysed for gene and protein expression of muscle growth regulators.ResultsThe increase in m. quadriceps volume was similar between FW and WS, yet was (averaged across legs) greater in ASA (7.5%) compared with IBU (3.7%, group difference 34 cm3; P = 0.029). In the WS leg, muscle strength improved similarly (11–20%) across groups. In the FW leg, increases (10–23%) in muscle strength were evident in both groups yet they were generally greater (interaction effects P < 0.05) for ASA compared with IBU. While our molecular analysis revealed several training effects, the only group interaction (P < 0.0001) arose from a downregulated mRNA expression of IL‐6 in IBU.ConclusionMaximal over‐the‐counter doses of ibuprofen attenuate strength and muscle hypertrophic adaptations to 8 weeks of resistance training in young adults. Thus, young individuals using resistance training to maximize muscle growth or strength should avoid excessive intake of anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Don't worry, be happy: The role of positive emotionality and adaptive emotion regulation strategies for youth depressive symptoms
Authors: Van Beveren Marie‐Lotte , Harding Kaitlin , Beyers Wim , Braet Caroline 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesLow positive emotionality (PE) represents a temperamental vulnerability to depression in youth. Until now, little research has examined the mechanisms linking PE to depressive symptoms. Starting from integrated cognitive‐affective models of depression, we aimed to study adaptive emotion regulation (ER) as a key underlying mechanism in the temperament–depression relationship.MethodsThis study investigated whether adaptive ER strategies mediate the association between PE and depressive symptoms in a large community‐based sample of youth, using a cross‐sectional design. Participants were 1,655 youth (54% girls; 7–16 years, M = 11.41, SD = 1.88) who filled out a set of questionnaires assessing temperament, adaptive ER strategies, and depressive symptoms.ResultsResults revealed that low PE was significantly related to higher depressive symptoms among youth and that a lack of total adaptive ER abilities mediated this relationship. More specifically, the infrequent use of problem‐solving appeared to be of significant importance. Problems in positive refocusing and a deficient use of forgetting mediated the relationships between low PE and high negative emotionality (NE) in predicting depressive symptoms. Reappraisal and distraction were not significant mediators.ConclusionResults highlight the need to account for temperamental PE and adaptive ER strategies when studying youth depression. The findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding on the differential role of temperamental risk factors for developing depressive symptoms at an early stage and advocate for greater attention to adaptive ER strategies.Practitioner points

Clinical interventions for youth depression may be improved by incorporating adaptive emotion regulation (ER) strategies and enhancing positive emotions.

Youth low in positive emotionality (PE) may especially benefit from learning adaptive ER skills.

Clinical practitioners should focus on alleviating negative emotions and enhancing positive emotions, especially among youth low in PE.
“Wealth Makes Many Friends”: Children Expect More Giving From Resource‐Rich Than Resource‐Poor Individuals
Authors: Ahl Richard E. , Dunham Yarrow 
Published: August 2017

Young children show social preferences for resource‐rich individuals, although few studies have explored the causes underlying such preferences. We evaluate the viability of one candidate cause: Children believe that resource wealth relates to behavior, such that they expect the resource rich to be more likely to materially benefit others (including themselves) than the resource poor. In Studies 1 and 2 (ages 4–10), American children from predominantly middle‐income families (n = 94) and Indian children from lower income families (n = 30) predicted that the resource rich would be likelier to share with others than the resource poor. In Study 3, American children (n = 66) made similar predictions in an incentivized decision‐making task. The possibility that children's expectations regarding giving contribute to prowealth preferences is discussed.
Why Most Children Think Well of Themselves
Authors: Thomaes Sander , Brummelman Eddie , Sedikides Constantine 
Published: August 2017

This research aimed to examine whether and why children hold favorable self‐conceptions (total N = 882 Dutch children, ages 8–12). Surveys (Studies 1–2) showed that children report strongly favorable self‐conceptions. For example, when describing themselves on an open‐ended measure, children mainly provided positive self‐conceptions—about four times more than neutral self‐conceptions, and about 11 times more than negative self‐conceptions. Experiments (Studies 3–4) demonstrated that children report favorable self‐conceptions, in part, to live up to social norms idealizing such self‐conceptions, and to avoid seeing or presenting themselves negatively. These findings advance understanding of the developing self‐concept and its valence: In middle and late childhood, children's self‐conceptions are robustly favorable and influenced by both external (social norms) and internal (self‐motives) forces.
Outcome of second kidney transplantation in patients with previous post‐transplantation Kaposi's sarcoma: A French retrospective study
Authors: Bohelay Gérôme , Arzouk Nadia , Lévy Pierre , Rabaté Clémentine , Le Cleach Laurence , Barete Stéphane , Barrou Benoît , Matignon Marie‐Benedicte , Euvrard Sylvie , Lebbé Céleste , Francès Camille ,   the Skin and Organ Transplantation Group of the French Society of Dermatology
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis retrospective study concerned 8 patients with post‐transplantation Kaposi's sarcoma (pt‐KS) after a first kidney transplant who later had a second kidney transplantation. Pt‐KS was widespread, with lymph node or visceral involvement in 7 cases. Complete remission was observed in 6 cases and partial remission in 2. After the second kidney transplantation, only 2 cases showed recurrence of skin KS, one with previous complete remission of KS and one with partial remission. The mean delay between stability or complete remission of KS and retransplantation was 2.0 and 7.3 years in patients with and without relapse, respectively. Both recurrent cases showed complete KS remission after tapering immunosuppression therapy and/or switching a calcineurin inhibitor to a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor. We compared these 8 cases to 24 controls who had undergone 2 kidney transplantations but did not have KS, matching on sex, age and phototype. Cases and controls did not differ in graft function or survival. A second kidney transplantation may be possible after pt‐KS and has acceptable risk, especially after a long complete remission of pt‐KS.
Sound physiological knowledge and principles in modeling shrinking of fishes under climate change
Authors: Pauly Daniel , Cheung William W. L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOne of the main expected responses of marine fishes to ocean warming is decrease in body size, as supported by evidence from empirical data and theoretical modeling. The theoretical underpinning for fish shrinking is that the oxygen supply to large fish size cannot be met by their gills, whose surface area cannot keep up with the oxygen demand by their three‐dimensional bodies. However, Lefevre et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017, 23, 3449–3459) argue against such theory. Here, we re‐assert, with the Gill‐Oxygen Limitation Theory (GOLT), that gills, which must retain the properties of open surfaces because their growth, even while hyperallometric, cannot keep up with the demand of growing three‐dimensional bodies. Also, we show that a wide range of biological features of fish and other water‐breathing organisms can be understood when gill area limitation is used as an explanation. We also note that an alternative to GOLT, offering a more parsimonious explanation for these features of water‐breathers has not been proposed. Available empirical evidence corroborates predictions of decrease in body sizes under ocean warming based on GOLT, with the magnitude of the predicted change increases when using more species‐specific parameter values of metabolic scaling.
The roles of mucus‐forming mucins, peritrophins and peritrophins with mucin domains in the insect midgut
Authors: Dias R. O. , Cardoso C. , Pimentel A. C. , Damasceno T. F. , Ferreira C. , Terra W. R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMost insects have a gut lined with a peritrophic membrane (PM) consisting of chitin and proteins, mainly peritrophins that have chitin‐binding domains. The PM is proposed to originate from mucus‐forming mucins (Mf‐mucins), which acquired a chitin‐binding domain that interlocked with chitin, replacing mucus in function. We evaluated the expression of Mf‐mucins and peritrophins by RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) throughout the midgut of four distantly related insects. Mf‐mucins were identified as proteins with high o‐glycosylation and a series of uninterrupted Pro/Thr/Ser residues. The results demonstrate that the mucus layer is widespread in insects, and suggest that insect Mf‐mucins are derived from those found in other animals by the loss of the cysteine knot and von Willebrand domains. The data also support a role of Mf‐mucins in protecting the middle midgut of Musca domestica against acidic buffers. Mf‐mucins may also produce a jelly‐like material associated with the PM that immobilizes digestive enzymes in Spodoptera frugiperda. Peritrophins with a domain similar to Mf‐mucins may be close to the ancestor of peritrophins. Expression data of peritrophins and chitin synthase genes throughout the midgut of M. domestica, S. frugiperda and Tenebrio molitor indicated that peritrophins were incorporated along the PM, according to their preferential sites of formation. Finally, the data support the view that mucus has functions distinct from the PM.
Complexity among combinatorial problems from epidemics
Authors: Piccini Juan , Robledo Franco , Romero Pablo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA cornerstone in epidemic modeling is the classical susceptible–infected–removed model, or SIR. In this model, individuals are divided into three classes: susceptible (those who can be infected), infected, and removed (those who suffered the infection and recovered, gaining immunity from further contact with infected individuals). Transitions occur at constant rates . The SIR model is both simple and useful to understand cascading failures in a network. Nevertheless, a shortcoming is the unrealistic assumption of random contacts in a fully mixed large population. More realistic models are available from authoritative literature in the field. They consider a graph and an epidemic spread governed by probabilistic rules. In this paper, a combinatorial optimization problem is introduced using graph‐theoretic terminology, inspired by an extremal analysis of epidemic modeling. The contributions are threefold. First, a general node immunization problem is defined for node immunization under budget requirements, using probabilistic networks. The goal is to minimize the expected number of deaths under a particular choice of nodes in the system to be immunized. In the second stage, a highly virulent environment leads to a purely combinatorial problem without probabilistic law, called the graph fragmentation problem (GFP). We prove the corresponding decision version for the GFP belongs to the class of ‐complete problems. As a corollary, SIR‐based models also belong to this set. Third, a GRASP (greedy randomized adaptive search procedure) heuristic enriched with a path‐relinking post‐optimization phase is developed for the GFP. Finally, an experimental analysis is carried out under graphs taken from real‐life applications.