bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarization‐controlled surface plasmon holography
Authors: Xu Quan , Zhang Xueqian , Xu Yuehong , Ouyang Chunmei , Tian Zhen , Gu Jianqiang , Li Jensen , Zhang Shuang , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe ability of generating arbitrary surface plasmon (SP) profiles in a controllable manner is of particular interest in designing plasmonic imaging, lithography and forcing devices. During the past decades, holography has gained enormous interest and achievements in free‐space three‐dimensional displays. Here, by applying a two‐dimensional version of holography, we experimentally demonstrate a generic method to control the SP profiles. Through controlling the orientation angles of two separated slits under circular polarization incidence, the amplitude and phase of the excited SPs can be freely manipulated, which allows direct generation of the desired SP profiles. A series of controllable SP holography schemes are theoretically and experimentally demonstrated, where the holographic SP profiles with high imaging quality can be dynamically modulated by varying the circular polarization handedness or orientation angle of linear polarization. The universality and simplicity of the proposed design strategies would offer promising opportunities for practical plasmonic applications.
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Precise Synthesis and Surface Characterization of End‐Functionalized Polystyrene with Perfluoroalkyl Group via Ionic Bond Formation of Diethylamino End‐Group with Perfluoroalkylcarboxylic Acid
Authors: Sugiyama Kenji , Yamada Takeshi 
Published: December 2016

Well‐defined polystyrene end‐functionalized with N,N‐diethylamino group (PS‐NEt2) is prepared by a living anionic polymerization of styrene, followed by an end‐capping reaction with a 1,1‐diphenylethylene derivative bearing with the corresponding functional group. The PS‐NEt2 is applied for the reaction with C8F17COOH in order to introduce the ionic‐bonded C8F17 group, i.e., C8F17COO−N+H(C2H5)2 at the polymer chain end. Surface characterization of the resulting polymer film is performed by an X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a contact angle measurement. These results clearly show that the C8F17COO−N+H(C2H5)2 end‐group concentrates at the top of film surface similar to the original C8F17 group. The ionic‐bonded C8F17COOH is found to be removed by a treatment of the film surface with methanol. Moreover, the C8F17COO−N+H(C2H5)2 end‐group that remained inside film appears at the top of film surface by annealing the methanol‐treated film, indicating the surface reconstruction by environmental changes.
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Maternal folate depletion during early development and high fat feeding from weaning elicit similar changes in gene expression, but not in DNA methylation, in adult offspring
Authors: McKay Jill A. , Xie Long , Adriaens Michiel , Evelo Chris T. , Ford Dianne , Mathers John C. 
Published: December 2016

ScopeThe ‘Predictive Adaptive Response’ hypothesis suggests that the in utero environment when mismatched with the post‐natal environment can influence later life health. Underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, but may involve gene transcription changes regulated via epigenetic mechanisms.Methods and resultsIn a 2 × 2 factorial design, female C57Bl/6 mice were randomised to low or normal folate diets (0.4 mg/2 mg folic acid/kg diet) prior to and during pregnancy and lactation with offspring randomised to high‐ or low‐fat diets at weaning. Genome‐wide gene expression and promoter DNA methylation were measured using microarrays in adult male livers. Maternal folate depletion and high fat intake post‐weaning influenced gene expression (1859 and 1532 genes, respectively) and promoter DNA methylation (201 and 324 loci, respectively) but changes in expression and methylation were poorly matched for both dietary interventions. Expression of 642 genes was altered in response to both maternal folate depletion and post‐weaning high fat feeding, treatments imposed separately. In addition, there was evidence that the combined dietary insult (i.e. maternal folate depletion followed by high fat post‐weaning) caused the largest expression change for most genes.ConclusionOur observations align with, and provide evidence in support of, a potential underlying mechanism for the ‘Predictive Adaptive Response’ hypothesis.
Facile deposition of high quality ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) thin films by thermally modulated spin coating
Authors: Dawson Noel M. , Atencio Phillip M. , Malloy Kevin J. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTDirect deposition of high quality ferroelectric PVDF thin films using a modulated temperature spin coating method is demonstrated. The method is qualitatively guided from Flory‐Huggins theory of polymeric solutions and is general in applicability. Ferroelectric PVDF films with similar high structural and dielectric quality are deposited in environments ranging from 20 to 80% relative humidity on polar and non‐polar surfaces. The films do not show the presence of the non‐ferroelectric α‐phase. Resultant films have rms roughness values lower than 16 nm and remnant polarizations up to 6.5 µC cm−2. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 221–227
Shortest and secure routing protocol for multi‐hop cellular networks (SSRP‐MCN)
Authors: Othmen Salwa , Rekik Malek , Zarai Faouzi , Belghith Aymen , Kamoun Lotfi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNowadays, many advanced are developed and become available for users. So, the demand for a higher data rate wireless access significantly increases. For that reason, new cellular wireless networks have been introduced such as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE‐advanced. However, the centralized topology of these technologies requires that the users have a direct connection to the Base Station (BS). Such topology suffers from congestion problem when a large number of users are communicating in the same time. To overcome the congestion problem, the Device‐to‐device and the mobile relays communications have been proposed to overcome the limitations of the conventional cellular architecture. These technologies can improve the cellular network capacity and reduce the infrastructure costs. However, security in multi‐hop cellular networks (MCNs) is a great challenge especially when other mobile nodes participate in the routing process. Existing works on this topic focus on ensuring security for routing information. However, most studies do not secure the data transmission after the route selection and do not simultaneously ensure all the security requirements. In this paper, we propose a new secure and reliable routing protocol for MCNs. The main objective of this protocol is to select only the trustworthy intermediate nodes to participate in the route construction. These trustworthy nodes perform the route discovery process in a secure way and so discover a secure path that does not contain any attacker as an intermediate node. The intermediate nodes of the selected route participate in establishing a group key. This key is used to secure the data transmission phase after route selection. To achieve anonymity, the BS assigns to each mobile that participates in the selected route a temporary identity. We evaluate our proposed protocol in terms of security using AVISPA tool, and we conduct some simulations using Network Simulator (NS‐2). The simulation results show that it is reliable and provides acceptable performance in terms of throughput, end‐to‐end delay and normalized routing load. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of meiotic homologous recombination by DNA helicases
Authors: Lorenz Alexander 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDNA helicases are ATP‐driven motor proteins which translocate along DNA capable of dismantling DNA‐DNA interactions and/or removing proteins bound to DNA. These biochemical capabilities make DNA helicases main regulators of crucial DNA metabolic processes, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and genetic recombination. This budding topic will focus on reviewing the function of DNA helicases important for homologous recombination during meiosis, and discuss recent advances in how these modulators of meiotic recombination are themselves regulated. The emphasis is placed on work in the two model yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which has vastly expanded our understanding of meiotic homologous recombination, a process whose correct execution is instrumental for healthy gamete formation, and thus functioning sexual reproduction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Twelve weeks’ progressive resistance training combined with protein supplementation beyond habitual intakes increases upper leg lean tissue mass, muscle strength and extended gait speed in healthy older women
Authors: Francis Peter , Mc Cormack William , Toomey Clodagh , Norton Catherine , Saunders Jean , Kerin Emmet , Lyons Mark , Jakeman Philip 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe age-related decline in functional capability is preceded by a reduction in muscle quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the combined effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) and protein supplementation beyond habitual intakes on upper leg lean tissue mass (LTM), muscle quality and functional capability in healthy 50–70 years women. In a single-blinded, randomized, controlled design, 57 healthy older women (age 61.1 ± 5.1 years, 1.61 ± 0.65 m, 65.3 ± 15.3 kg) consumed 0.33 g/kg body mass of a milk-based protein matrix (PRO) for 12 weeks. Of the 57 women, 29 also engaged in a PRT intervention (PRO + PRT). In comparison to the PRO group (n = 28), those in the PRO + PRT group had an increase in upper leg LTM [0.04 (95% CI −0.07 to 0.01) kg vs. 0.13 (95% CI 0.08–0.18) kg, P = 0.027], as measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; an increase in knee extensor (KE) torque [−1.6 (95% CI −7.3 to 4.4 N m) vs. 10.2 (95% CI 4.3–15.8 N m), P = 0.007], as measured from a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (Con-Trex MJ; CMV AG); and an increase in extended gait speed [-0.01 (95% CI −0.52–0.04) m s−1 vs. 0.10 (95% CI 0.05–0.22) m s−1, P = 0.001] as measured from a maximal 900 m effort. There was no difference between groups in the time taken to complete 5 chair rises or the number of chair rises performed in 30 s (P > 0.05). PRT in healthy older women ingesting a dietary protein supplement is an effective strategy to improve upper leg LTM, KE torque and extended gait speed in healthy older women.
Clinical Characteristics, Health Care Utilization and Costs Among Men with Primary or Secondary Hypogonadism in a US Commercially Insured Population
Authors: Grabner Michael , Bodhani Amit , Khandelwal Nikhil , Palli Swetha , Bonine Nicole , Khera Mohit 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Hypogonadism is broadly associated with increases in chronic comorbid conditions and health care costs. Little is known about the specific impact of primary and secondary hypogonadism on health care costs.

Aim
To characterize the health care cost and utilization burden of primary and secondary hypogonadism in a population of US men with commercial insurance.

Methods
Newly diagnosed patients with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes associated with specific medical conditions known to have a high prevalence of testosterone deficiency (ie, relating to primary or secondary hypogonadism) or who had fills for testosterone replacement therapy from January 1, 2007 through April 30, 2013 were identified in administrative claims data from the HealthCore Integrated Research Database. A cohort of patients without hypogonadism was matched on demographics and comorbidities. The matched hypogonadism and non-hypogonadism cohorts (n = 5,777 in each cohort) were compared during a 12-month follow-up period.

Main Outcome Measures
Direct health care expenditures and utilization were assessed for all causes and for hypogonadism-related claims. Costs included out-of-pocket patient expenditures and those paid by the insurer.

Results
Hypogonadism and matched non-hypogonadism cohorts were similar in demographics (mean age = 50 years) and diagnosed comorbid conditions in the 12 months preceding the index date. In the year after the index date, mean all-cause expenditures for patients with hypogonadism increased by 62% (from $5,425 to $8,813) compared with 25% for the matched controls (from $4,786 to $5,992; P &lt; .01 for follow-up difference between groups). Approximately 16% of total mean costs ($1,377), primarily outpatient and pharmacy costs, were identifiable as related to hypogonadism.

Conclusion
These data from a population of US men with commercial insurance coverage showed a greater resource use burden for patients with primary and secondary hypogonadism compared with similar patients without hypogonadism. Additional management might be required to address unmet need and decrease the cost burden for patients with hypogonadism.
Diversity and taxonomy ofChaetomiumand chaetomium-like fungi from indoor environments
Authors: Wang X.W. , Houbraken J. , Groenewald J.Z. , Meijer M. , Andersen B. , Nielsen K.F. , Crous P.W. , Samson R.A. 
Published: December 2016

During a study of indoor fungi, 145 isolates belonging toChaetomiaceaewere cultured from air, swab and dust samples from 19 countries. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), β-tubulin (tub2), ITS and 28S large subunit (LSU) nrDNA sequences, together with morphological comparisons with related genera and species, 30 indoor taxa are recognised, of which 22 represent known species, seven are described as new, and one remains to be identified to species level. In our collection, 69 % of the indoor isolates with six species cluster with members of theChaetomium globosumspecies complex, representingChaetomium sensu stricto. The other indoor species fall into nine lineages that are separated from each other with several known chaetomiaceous genera occurring among them. No generic names are available for five of those lineages, and the following new genera are introduced here:Amesiawith three indoor species,Arcopiluswith one indoor species,Collariellawith four indoor species,Dichotomopiluswith seven indoor species andOvatosporawith two indoor species. The generic concept ofBotryotrichumis expanded to includeEmilmuelleriaand the chaetomium-like speciesB. muromum(=Ch. murorum) in which two indoor species are included. The generic concept ofSubramaniulais expanded to include several chaetomium-like taxa as well as one indoor species.Humicolais recognised as a distinct genus including two indoor taxa. According to this study,Ch. globosumis the most abundantChaetomiaceaeindoor species (74/145), followed byCh. cochliodes(17/145),Ch. elatum(6/145) andB. piluliferum(5/145). The morphological diversity of indoorChaetomiaceaeas well as the morphological characteristics of the new genera are described and illustrated. This taxonomic study redefines the generic concept ofChaetomiumand provides new insight into the phylogenetic relationships among different genera withinChaetomiaceae.
Unusual diagnosis in a patient with minor ankle trauma
Authors: Piggott Zoë , Clark Donna 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe present the case of a 23 year-old male who sustained an anterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm after an apparently innocuous soccer injury. The patient presented with sudden onset severe pain and swelling one week after the injury. The diagnosis was made using duplex ultrasound, and confirmed with CT angiography. Definitive management consisted of endovascular platinum microcoiling. One year later, the patient is asymptomatic and remains active. A review of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of arterial pseudoaneurysm is presented. Bedside ultrasound in the emergency department may be a useful adjunct in the early identification of pseudoaneurysms.
Dietary inflammatory index and prostate cancer risk in a case–control study in Mexico
Authors: Vázquez-Salas Ruth A. , Shivappa Nitin , Galván-Portillo Marcia , López-Carrillo Lizbeth , Hébert James R. , Torres-Sánchez Luisa 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that a pro-inflammatory diet could be associated with prostate cancer (PC) risk. To evaluate the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and PC risk as well as aggressiveness, we conducted a case–control study in Mexico City. Cases were 394 individuals with incident, histologically confirmed PC, who were matched by age (±5 years) with 794 population controls. Dietary information was obtained through a semi-quantitative FFQ with a 3-year frame of reference before diagnosis, for cases, or interview, for controls. On the basis of twenty-eight food parameters, we estimated the energy-adjusted DII (E-DII). According to the Gleason score at diagnosis, PC cases were categorised as high (≥8), moderate (=7) and low (≤6) PC risk. Independent, unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate PC risk and PC aggressiveness. There were no significant associations between overall PC risk and E-DII (OR3rd v. 1st tertile 1·18; 95 % CI 0·85, 1·63; P=0·33) or among men with high-risk PC (Gleason≥8) (OR 1·46; 95 % CI 0·88, 2·42; P=0·14). These results do not support the hypothesis that a pro-inflammatory diet is related to PC risk and PC aggressiveness. However, further studies with larger sample sizes, with sufficient statistical power and of varying designs should be conducted to address this hypothesis.
Barrio Women and Energopower in Medellín, Colombia
Authors: FERNANDO JUAN , ATEHORTÚA VELÁSQUEZ 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article argues that the prepaid energy system put into operation in Medellín and across Colombia worked as an expression of ‘energopower’; that is, energy as a means to govern societies. The article uses press archives and company statements, official statistics and group interviews to show how energopower operates in Medellín along three lines: that Empresas Públicas de Medellín, the city's public utility company, encouraged disconnected and displaced people as new buyers of prepaid energy services instead of citizens entitled to those services; that the implementation of the prepaid energy system coincided with the vertiginous capitalisation that allowed the city to fund its ‘Social Urbanism’ and EPM to expand operations across Colombia and other countries in Latin America; and, that prepaid electricity as a tool of energopower subjugated displaced and disconnected populations to new forms of affordability that promptedbarriowomen to understand and oppose its disciplining methods of domination.
Characterization of cyclin-dependent kinases and Cdc2/Cdc28 kinase subunits inTrichomonas vaginalis
Authors: AMADOR ERICK , LÓPEZ-PACHECO KARLA , MORALES NATALY , CORIA ROBERTO , LÓPEZ-VILLASEÑOR IMELDA 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYCyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have important roles in regulating key checkpoints between stages of the cell cycle. Their activity is tightly regulated through a variety of mechanisms, including through binding with cyclin proteins and the Cdc2/Cdc28 kinase subunit (CKS), and their phosphorylation at specific amino acids. Studies of the components involved in cell cycle control in parasitic protozoa are limited.Trichomonas vaginalisis the causative agent of trichomoniasis in humans and is therefore important in public health; however, some of the basic biological processes used by this organism have not been defined. Here, we characterized proteins potentially involved in cell cycle regulation inT. vaginalis. Three genes encoding protein kinases were identified in theT. vaginalisgenome, and the corresponding recombinant proteins (TvCRK1, TvCRK2, TvCRK5) were studied. These proteins displayed similar sequence features to CDKs. Two genes encoding CKSs were also identified, and the corresponding recombinant proteins were found to interact with TvCRK1 and TvCRK2 by a yeast two-hybrid system. One putative cyclin B protein fromT. vaginaliswas found to bind to and activate the kinase activities of TvCRK1 and TvCRK5, but not TvCRK2. This work is the first characterization of proteins involved in cell cycle control inT. vaginalis.
LA EROSIÓN DEL PODER DE LA ÉLITE EN CHILE ENTRE 1913 Y 1970. UNA APROXIMACIÓN DESDE LOS INGRESOS DEL 1%
Authors: Weber Javier Rodríguez 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTOver the last few years, the idea that some of the central problems of Latin American development are a consequence of the excessive power of the elites has regained influence. Nevertheless, this neoinstitutionalist approach has been criticized because of its excessive determinism and the fact that it doesn’t pay enough attention to the periods when elite’s power was eroded. The present paper analyzes one of these cases, which occurred in Chile between 1913 and 1973. The income share of the top 1% is used as a proxy for the elite’s power. New quantitative evidence on incomes for different groups –the 1% and wage earners– is integrated into an analytic narrative on the conflictive relation between the elite and other political and social actors.
Effect of transfection and co-incubation of bovine sperm with exogenous DNA on sperm quality and functional parameters for its use in sperm-mediated gene transfer
Authors: Arias María Elena , Sánchez-Villalba Esther , Delgado Andrea , Felmer Ricardo 
Published: December 2016

SummarySperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) is based on the capacity of sperm to bind exogenous DNA and transfer it into the oocyte during fertilization. In bovines, the progress of this technology has been slow due to the poor reproducibility and efficiency of the production of transgenic embryos. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different sperm transfection systems on the quality and functional parameters of sperm. Additionally, the ability of sperm to bind and incorporate exogenous DNA was assessed. These analyses were carried out by flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy, and motility parameters were also evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Transfection was carried out using complexes of plasmid DNA with Lipofectamine, SuperFect and TurboFect for 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 h. The results showed that all of the transfection treatments promoted sperm binding and incorporation of exogenous DNA, similar to sperm incorporation of DNA alone, without affecting the viability. Nevertheless, the treatments and incubation times significantly affected the motility parameters, although no effect on the integrity of DNA or the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed. Additionally, we observed that transfection using SuperFect and TurboFect negatively affected the acrosome integrity, and TurboFect affected the mitochondrial membrane potential of sperm. In conclusion, we demonstrated binding and incorporation of exogenous DNA by sperm after transfection and confirmed the capacity of sperm to spontaneously incorporate exogenous DNA. These findings will allow the establishment of the most appropriate method [intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) orin vitrofertilization (IVF)] of generating transgenic embryos via SMGT based on the fertilization capacity of transfected sperm.