bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do we need demographic data to forecast plant population dynamics?
Authors: Tredennick Andrew T. , Hooten Mevin B. , Adler Peter B. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryRapid environmental change has generated growing interest in forecasts of future population trajectories. Traditional population models built with detailed demographic observations from one study site can address the impacts of environmental change at particular locations, but are difficult to scale up to the landscape and regional scales relevant to management decisions. An alternative is to build models using population‐level data that are much easier to collect over broad spatial scales than individual‐level data. However, it is unknown whether models built using population‐level data adequately capture the effects of density‐dependence and environmental forcing that are necessary to generate skillful forecasts.Here, we test the consequences of aggregating individual responses when forecasting the population states (percent cover) and trajectories of four perennial grass species in a semi‐arid grassland in Montana, USA. We parameterized two population models for each species, one based on individual‐level data (survival, growth and recruitment) and one on population‐level data (percent cover), and compared their forecasting accuracy and forecast horizons with and without the inclusion of climate covariates. For both models, we used Bayesian ridge regression to weight the influence of climate covariates for optimal prediction.In the absence of climate effects, we found no significant difference between the forecast accuracy of models based on individual‐level data and models based on population‐level data. Climate effects were weak, but increased forecast accuracy for two species. Increases in accuracy with climate covariates were similar between model types.In our case study, percent cover models generated forecasts as accurate as those from a demographic model. For the goal of forecasting, models based on aggregated individual‐level data may offer a practical alternative to data‐intensive demographic models. Long time series of percent cover data already exist for many plant species. Modelers should exploit these data to predict the impacts of environmental change.
Adiposity rebound from three to six years of age was associated with a higher insulin resistance risk at eight‐and‐a‐half years in a birth cohort study
Authors: Mo‐suwan L , McNeil E , Sangsupawanich P , Chittchang U , Choprapawon C 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThe association between adiposity rebound and insulin resistance in middle childhood has seldom been studied. We examined the effect of body mass index (BMI) velocity and early adiposity rebound on the insulin resistance of prepubertal children.MethodsBMI data from a longitudinal follow‐up of a birth cohort in Thailand were used. The homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was calculated from 12‐hour fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin at eight‐and‐a‐half years of age. BMI velocity was calculated from four periods: zero to one, one to three, three to six and six to eight‐and‐a‐half years of age. A multiple linear regression model was used to assess the association of BMI velocity during these four periods and insulin resistance at the age of eight‐and‐a‐half years.ResultsIn 814 children – 76.7% of the initial cohort – BMI velocities between years one to three, three to six and six to eight‐and‐a‐half years were positively associated with HOMA‐IR levels after adjusting for demographic, behavioural and socio‐economic factors. Children who had BMI gains between three and six years had mean HOMA‐IR values that were 43% higher than those who did not.ConclusionBMI velocity during early and middle childhood, and early adiposity rebound between three and six years, was associated with a higher insulin resistance risk at eight‐and‐a‐half years.
Effect of soy lecithin on total cholesterol content, fatty acid composition and carcass characteristics in the Longissimus dorsi of Hanwoo steers (Korean native cattle)
Authors: Li Xiang Zi , Park Byung Ki , Hong Byuong Chon , Ahn Jun Sang , Shin Jong Suh 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effect of soy lecithin on the total cholesterol content, the fatty acid composition and carcass characteristics in the Longissimus dorsi in Hanwoo steers. Hanwoo steers (24 head) were fed two diets: Control (CON) (concentrate + alcohol‐fermented feed (AFF)) and soy lecithin treatment (CON + soy lecithin at 0.5% of the AFF). Soy lecithin treatment increased average daily gain, serum concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol in the blood. A lower cholesterol concentration was found in the Longissimus dorsi for the soy lecithin diet compared to the CON diet. With respect to the marbling score and quality grade of Longissimus dorsi, soy lecithin supplementation significantly increased the C20:5n3, C22:4 and polyunsaturated fatty acids contents compared to the CON diet. Soy lecithin supplementation would alter the total cholesterol content, polyunsaturated fatty acid profile and meat quality of Longissimus dorsi.
Evolution of robot‐assisted orthotopic ileal neobladder formation: a step‐by‐step update to the University of Southern California (USC) technique
Authors: Chopra Sameer , de Castro Abreu Andre Luis , Berger Andre K. , Sehgal Shuchi , Gill Inderbir , Aron Monish , Desai Mihir M. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo describe our, step‐by‐step, technique for robotic intracorporeal neobladder formation.Patients and MethodsThe main surgical steps to forming the intracorporeal orthotopic ileal neobladder are: isolation of 65 cm of small bowel; small bowel anastomosis; bowel detubularisation; suture of the posterior wall of the neobladder; neobladder–urethral anastomosis and cross folding of the pouch; and uretero‐enteral anastomosis. Improvements have been made to these steps to enhance time efficiency without compromising neobladder configuration.ResultsOur technical improvements have resulted in an improvement in operative time from 450 to 360 min.ConclusionWe describe an updated step‐by‐step technique of robot‐assisted intracorporeal orthotopic ileal neobladder formation.
Physiologically relevant binding affinity quantification of monoclonal antibody PF‐00547659 to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule for in vitro in vivo correlation
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Kussrow Amanda K , Ocana Mireia Fernandez , Chabot Jeffrey R , Lepsy Christopher S , Bornhop Darryl J , O'Hara Denise M 
Published: October 2016

Background and PurposeA monoclonal antibody (PF‐00547659) against mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM), expressed as both soluble (sMAdCAM) and trans‐membrane (mMAdCAM) target forms, showed over 30‐fold difference in antibody‐target KD between in vitro (Biacore) and clinically derived (KD,in‐vivo) values. Back‐scattering interferometry (BSI) was applied to acquire physiologically relevant KD values which were used to establish in vitro and in vivo correlation (IVIVC).Experimental ApproachBSI was applied to obtain KD values between PF‐00547659 and recombinant human MAdCAM in buffer or CHO cells and endogenous MAdCAM in human serum or colon tissue. CHO cells and tissue were minimally processed to yield homogenate containing membrane vesicles and soluble proteins. A series of binding affinities in serum with various dilution factors was used to estimate both KD,in‐vivo and target concentrations; MAdCAM concentrations were also measured using LC–MS/MS.Key ResultsBSI measurements revealed low KD values (higher affinity) for sMAdCAM in buffer and serum, yet a 20‐fold higher KD value (lower affinity) for mMAdCAM in CHO, mMAdCAM and sMAdCAM in tissue. BSI predicted KD,in‐vivo in serum was similar to clinically derived KD,in‐vivo, and the BSI‐estimated serum sMAdCAM concentration also matched the measured concentration by LC–MS/MS.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results successfully demonstrated that BSI measurements of physiologically relevant KD values can be used to establish IVIVC, for PF‐00547659 to MAdCAM despite the lack of correlation when using Biacore measured KD and accurately estimates endogenous target concentrations. The application of BSI would greatly enhance successful basic pharmacological research and drug development.
The Impact of Early Social Interactions on Later Language Development in Spanish–English Bilingual Infants
Authors: Ramírez‐Esparza Nairán , García‐Sierra Adrián , Kuhl Patricia K. 
Published: October 2016

This study tested the impact of child‐directed language input on language development in Spanish–English bilingual infants (N = 25, 11‐ and 14‐month‐olds from the Seattle metropolitan area), across languages and independently for each language, controlling for socioeconomic status. Language input was characterized by social interaction variables, defined in terms of speech style (“parentese” vs. standard speech) and social context (one‐on‐one vs. group). Correlations between parentese one‐on‐one and productive vocabulary at 24 months (n = 18) were found across languages and in each language independently. Differences are highlighted between previously published monolingual samples, which used the same methods as the current study of bilingual infants. The results also suggest cultural effects on language input and language development in bilingual and bicultural infants.
Laryngopharyngeal reflux and herpes simplex virus type 2 are possible risk factors for adult‐onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (prospective case–control study)
Authors: Formánek M. , Jančatová D. , Komínek P. , Matoušek P. , Zeleník K. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveThe human papillomavirus (HPV) causes recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Although HPV prevalence is high, the incidence of papillomatosis is low. Thus, factors other than HPV infection probably contribute to RRP. This study investigated whether patients with papillomatosis are more often infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 and chlamydia trachomatis (ChT) and whether laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) occurs in this group of patients more often.DesignProspective case–control study.SettingDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology of University Hospital.ParticipantsThe study included 20 patients with adult‐onset RRP and 20 adult patients with vocal cord cyst and no pathology of laryngeal mucosa (control group).Main outcome measuresImmunohistochemical analysis of pepsin, HPV, herpes simplex virus type 2 and ChT was performed in biopsy specimens of laryngeal papillomas and of healthy laryngeal mucosa (control group) obtained from medial part of removed vocal cord cyst during microlaryngoscopy procedures.ResultsPathologic LPR (pepsin in tissue) was diagnosed in 8/20 (40.0%) patients with papillomatosis and in 0/20 control patients (P = .003). Herpes simplex virus type 2 was present in 9/20 (45.0%) patients with papillomatosis and in 0/20 control patients (P = .001). Five specimens were positive for both pepsin and herpes simplex virus type 2. No samples were positive for ChT. There were no significant differences between groups for age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus and gastrooesophageal reflux disease. Tobacco exposure was not more frequent in RRP group either (P = .01).ConclusionsResults show that LPR and herpes simplex virus type 2 are significantly more often present in patients with RRP. LPR and herpes simplex virus type 2 might activate latent HPV infection and thereby be possible risk factors for RRP.
Why social values cannot be changed for the sake of conservation
Authors: Manfredo Michael J. , Bruskotter Jeremy T. , Teel Tara L. , Fulton David , Schwartz Shalom H. , Arlinghaus Robert , Oishi Shigehiro , Uskul Ayse K. , Redford Kent , Kitayama Shinobu , Sullivan Leeann 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe hope for creating widespread change in social values has endured among conservation professionals since early calls by Aldo Leopold for a “land ethic.” However, there has been little serious attention in conservation to the fields of investigation that address values, how they are formed, and how they change. We introduce a social–ecological systems conceptual approach in which values are seen not only as motivational goals people hold but also as ideas that are deeply embedded in society's material culture, collective behaviors, traditions, and institutions. Values define and bind groups, organizations, and societies; serve an adaptive role; and are typically stable across generations. When abrupt value changes occur, they are in response to substantial alterations in the social–ecological context. Such changes build on prior value structures and do not result in complete replacement. Given this understanding of values, we conclude that deliberate efforts to orchestrate value shifts for conservation are unlikely to be effective. Instead, there is an urgent need for research on values with a multilevel and dynamic view that can inform innovative conservation strategies for working within existing value structures. New directions facilitated by a systems approach will enhance understanding of the role values play in shaping conservation challenges and improve management of the human component of conservation.
Monitoring of Lawsone, p‐phenylenediamine and heavy metals in commercial temporary black henna tattoos sold in Turkey
Authors: Aktas Sukuroglu Ayca , Battal Dilek , Burgaz Sema 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundHenna has a very low allergic potential, and severe allergenic contact dermatitis is mainly caused by p‐phenylenediamine (PPD), which is added to temporary black ‘henna tattoos’, and potentially also by some heavy metals.ObjectiveTo determine the presence of, and quantify, Lawsone, PPD and heavy metal contaminants (cobalt, nickel, lead, and chromium) in commercial temporary black henna tattoo mixtures (n = 25) sold in Turkey.MethodsLawsone and PPD concentrations were analysed with high‐performance liquid chromatography, and heavy metal quantification was performed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.ResultsPPD was found in all 25 black henna tattoo samples purchased from tattoo shops; levels varied between 3.37% and 51.6%. Lawsone was detected (0.002–88.2%) in 21 of the 25 temporary black henna tattoo samples analysed. Heavy metal contaminant levels were 0.44–3.11 ppm for Co, 1.13–2.20 ppm for Ni, 1.59–17.7 ppm for Pb, and 35.0–76.9 ppm for Cr.ConclusionsOur results suggest that commercial temporary black henna mixtures containing PPD levels up to 51.6% pose a risk of contact sensitization and severe allergic contact dermatitis among users. It is important to identify both the additives and metallic contaminants of black henna tattoo products; the significance of metal contaminants has still to be assessed.
Acute effects of aerobic exercise intensity on arterial stiffness after glucose ingestion in young men
Authors: Kobayashi Ryota , Hashimoto Yuto , Hatakeyama Hiroyuki , Okamoto Takanobu 
Published: October 2016

SummaryArterial stiffness increases after glucose ingestion. Acute low‐ and moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise decreases arterial stiffness. However, the acute effects of 30 min of cycling at low‐ and moderate‐intensity [25% (LE trial) and 65% (ME trial) peak oxygen uptake, respectively] on arterial stiffness at 30, 60 and 120 min of a postexercise glucose ingestion. Ten healthy young men (age, 22·4 ± 0·5 years) performed LE and ME trials on separate days in a randomized controlled crossover fashion. Carotid–femoral (aortic) pulse wave velocity (PWV), femoral–ankle (leg) PWV, carotid augmentation index (AIx) and carotid blood pressure (BP) (applanation tonometry), brachial and ankle BP (oscillometric device), heart rate (HR) (electrocardiography), blood glucose (UV‐hexokinase method) and blood insulin (CLEIA method) levels were measured at before (baseline) and at 30, 60 and 120 min after the 75‐g OGTT. Leg PWV, ankle pulse pressure and BG levels significantly increased from baseline after the 75‐g OGTT in the LE trial (P<0·05), but not in the ME trial. Insulin levels and HR significantly increased from baseline after the 75‐g OGTT in both trials (P<0·05). Aortic PWV, carotid AIx, brachial BP and carotid BP did not change from baseline after the 75‐g OGTT in both trials. The present findings indicate that aerobic exercise at moderate intensity before glucose ingestion suppresses increases leg arterial stiffness after glucose ingestion.
Indications for endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)‐guided biliary intervention: Does EUS always come after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography?
Authors: Nakai Yousuke , Isayama Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Natsuyo , Matsubara Saburo , Kogure Hirofumi , Mizuno Suguru , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Takahara Naminatsu , Uchino Rie , Akiyama Dai , Takagi Kaoru , Watanabe Takeo , Umefune Gyotane , Ishigaki Kazunaga , Tada Minoru , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2016

Background and AimEndoscopic ultrasonography‐guided biliary drainage (EUS‐BD), first reported as an alternative to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), is increasingly reported as a primary procedure without failed ERCP. The present study aims to evaluate the outcomes of therapeutic biliary ERCP and to compare the safety and effectiveness of primary EUS‐BD with those of ERCP, rescue EUS‐BD and PTBD.MethodsWe retrospectively studied therapeutic biliary ERCP as well as subsequent rescue PTBD and EUS‐BD. Additionally, indications, safety and technical success of primary EUS‐BD were evaluated.ResultsBetween August 2013 and September 2015, a total of 520 therapeutic biliary ERCP with a native papilla were analyzed. We encountered 23 cases with inaccessible papilla and 22 cases with failed cannulation, which were rescued by 21 PTBD, 16 EUS‐BD and two repeat ERCP. Additionally, 40 primary EUS‐BD were carried out during the same period as a result of 10 recurrent cholangitis cases after transpapillary drainage, five outside failed cannulation, four altered anatomy, two history of ERCP‐related adverse events (AE), two technical difficulties in stenting under enteroscopy‐assisted ERCP and 17 on study protocol. Technical success and AE rates were 95.6% and 14.5% in ERCP, 90.5% and 33.3% in rescue PTBD, 93.8% and 18.8% in rescue EUS‐BD, and 95.0% and 22.5% in primary EUS‐BD, respectively.ConclusionsRescue EUS‐BD was used in 3.1% among all ERCP. Given the comparable technical success and AE rates of both primary and rescue EUS‐BD, primary EUS‐BD without failed ERCP can be a treatment option if it provides advantages over ERCP.
Evolution of host acceptance and its reversibility in a seed beetle
Authors: MESSINA FRANK J. , GOMPERT ZACHARIAH 
Published: October 2016

1. Adapting to a low‐quality plant may require modification of an insect's digestive physiology, oviposition behaviour, or other host‐use traits. If colonising a marginal host entails a cost, a decay in adaptation would be expected after selection is relaxed, i.e. if populations on a novel host are reverted to their high‐quality ancestral host.2. Replicate lines of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) rapidly adapted to lentil seeds; larval survival rose from approximately 1 to ≥ 90%, and oviposition on lentil increased more than two‐fold. This study compared egg‐laying behaviour in lines that either remained on lentil or were reverted to the ancestral host, mung bean, for 22–62 generations.3. Consistent with the trade‐off hypothesis, females from two reverted sublines showed decreased oviposition on lentil (estimated as lifetime fecundity), but host acceptance in a third subline was unchanged. In a short‐term assay, acceptance of lentil by newly emerged females was lower in each reverted subline than in the corresponding non‐reverted one. Because effective population sizes (determined from genome resequencing) were large throughout the experiment, this decline in host acceptance is unlikely to be explained solely by genetic drift.4. Variation among replicates in the magnitude of the reversion effect was also observed in a previous study of larval survival. However, the pattern of variation for survival was not congruent with the pattern of variation for host acceptance in this study. Thus, genes mediating improved performance on lentil appear to be largely independent of those responsible for increased oviposition.
Belowground carbon flux links biogeochemical cycles and resource‐use efficiency at the global scale
Authors: Gill Allison L. , Finzi Adrien C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNutrient limitation is pervasive in the terrestrial biosphere, although the relationship between global carbon (C) nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles remains uncertain. Using meta‐analysis we show that gross primary production (GPP) partitioning belowground is inversely related to soil‐available N : P, increasing with latitude from tropical to boreal forests. N‐use efficiency is highest in boreal forests, and P‐use efficiency in tropical forests. High C partitioning belowground in boreal forests reflects a 13‐fold greater C cost of N acquisition compared to the tropics. By contrast, the C cost of P acquisition varies only 2‐fold among biomes. This analysis suggests a new hypothesis that the primary limitation on productivity in forested ecosystems transitions from belowground resources at high latitudes to aboveground resources at low latitudes as C‐intensive root‐ and mycorrhizal‐mediated nutrient capture is progressively replaced by rapidly cycling, enzyme‐derived nutrient fluxes when temperatures approach the thermal optimum for biogeochemical transformations.
Biotic resistance buffers the effects of nutrient enrichment on the success of a highly invasive aquatic plant
Authors: Teixeira Mariana C. , Bini Luis M. , Thomaz Sidinei M. 
Published: October 2016

Summary

Biotic resistance theory predicts that the presence of a species‐rich native community is able to inhibit the establishment of invasive species. On the other hand, disturbed environments, for example, through eutrophication, tend to be more easily invaded.

We investigated the effect of biotic resistance on the establishment success of the aquatic grass Urochloa arrecta in nutrient‐enriched and non‐enriched mesocosms so as to test the hypothesis that the effects of biotic resistance on invader success depend on ecosystem trophic state.

Invader success, measured as plant biomass and length, increased with nutrient enrichment in treatments without biotic resistance, whereas there was no difference between the success of the invader in enriched or non‐enriched mesocosms in the presence of biotic resistance.

Our results suggest that eutrophication enhanced the resistance offered by the native community and thereby reduced the establishment of invaders. The results underscore the importance of native communities as biotic filters to invasion, especially in environments that are subjected to anthropogenic impacts such as nutrient enrichment.