bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can we improve parent attitudes and intentions to access computer‐based therapies for their children and adolescents?
Authors: Sweeney Grace M. , Donovan Caroline L. , March Sonja , Laurenson Sandra D. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundAs gatekeepers, parents can improve the uptake of mental health services among youth. This article asked whether providing parents with a presentation on computer‐based therapies is a feasible strategy to improve their knowledge, attitudes and uptake intentions.MethodParents completed a survey before, and immediately after, viewing a presentation on computer‐based therapies or an active control.ResultsParents who viewed the computer‐based presentation reported significantly greater improvements in knowledge, perceived helpfulness, perceived benefits and intentions to access computer‐based therapies; and a significantly greater reduction in perceived problems, compared to active controls.ConclusionsInformation‐ and demonstration‐based presentations are a feasible method for improving attitudes towards computer‐based therapies for youth among parents in the community.
Effects of melatonin and gonadal androgens on cell proliferation in the pituitary of viscachas (Lagostomus maximus maximus)
Authors: Rosales G. J. , Busolini F. I. , Mohamed F. H. , Filippa V. P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesMelatonin and androgens are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. However, effects of these hormones on pituitary pars distalis (PD) of male viscachas is not fully understood. In the present study, we analysed melatonin and gonadal androgens’ effects on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression.Materials and methodsPituitary glands from foetuses, immature individuals, prepubertal individuals and adult viscachas during their reproductive cycle, after melatonin administration and after castration, were used. PCNA‐ir cells were detected by immunocytochemistry and morphometrically quantified using image analysis.ResultsTotal percentage of PCNA‐ir cells varied seasonally in the adult pituitary, with maximum values during the reproductive period and minima during gonadal regression periods. Percentages of PCNA‐ir cells increased after melatonin administration, whereas it decreased after castration. Caudal end and ventral regions were the PD zones which were most affected by seasonal variations and castration. PCNA expression was highest in foetal pituitary from midpregnancy. Numbers of PCNA‐ir cells decreased during sexual maturity.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the effect of gonadal androgens on cell proliferation during the reproductive period and sexual maturity of these animals. Exogenous melatonin increased PD cell proliferation in adults. Thus, these hormones seem to be involved in different mechanisms that regulate cell renewal of PD in this seasonally breeding rodent.
IGFBP5 enhances osteogenic differentiation potential of periodontal ligament stem cells and Wharton's jelly umbilical cord stem cells, via the JNK and MEK/Erk signalling pathways
Authors: Wang Yuejun , Jia Zhi , Diao Shu , Lin Xiao , Lian Xiaomeng , Wang Liping , Dong Rui , Liu Dayong , Fan Zhipeng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesMesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐mediated tissue regeneration represents a promising strategy for repair of tissue defects, but its molecular mechanisms remain unclear, restricting the use of MSCs. Our previous study indicated that insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) exerted a valuable effect on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, but its molecular mechanisms underlying directed differentiation remained unclear. In this study, we have investigated the molecular role of IGFBP5 in regulating this osteogenic differentiation potential.Materials and methodsPeriodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were isolated from periodontal ligament tissue. Wharton's jelly of umbilical cord stem cells (WJCMSCs) was obtained commercially. Lentiviral IGFBP5 shRNA was used to silence IGFBP5. Retroviruses expressing wild‐type IGFBP5 were used to overexpress IGFBP5 in the WJCMSCs. Recombinant human IGFBP5 protein (rhIGFBP5) was used to treat PDLSCs for 24 h. Western blot analysis was used to detect the MAPK signalling pathway, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red staining and quantitative calcium analysis were used to study osteogenic differentiation potentials.ResultsOverexpression of IGFBP5 or rhIGFBP5 increased expression levels of phosphorylated c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (p‐JNK), phosphorylated mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1 and 2 (p‐MEK1/2) and phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (p‐Erk1/2) in both WJCMSCs and PDLSCs. Consistently, silenced IGFBP5 was found to effectively inhibit expression of p‐JNK, p‐Erk1/2 and p‐MEK1/2 in PDLSCs and WJCMSCs. Furthermore, inhibition of JNK by its inhibitor, SP600125, or MEK/Erk signalling by its inhibitor, PD98059, dramatically blocked IGFBP5‐enhanced ALP activity and in vitro mineralization in both PDLSCs and WJCMSCs.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that IGFBP5 promoted osteogenic differentiation potentials of PDLSCs and WJCMSCs via the JNK and MEK/Erk signalling pathways.
The carbon fertilization effect over a century of anthropogenic CO2 emissions: higher intracellular CO2 and more drought resistance among invasive and native grass species contrasts with increased water use efficiency for woody plants in the US Southwest
Authors: Drake Brandon L. , Hanson David T. , Lowrey Timothy K. , Sharp Zachary D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFrom 1890 to 2015, anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions have increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations from 270 to 400 mol mol−1. The effect of increased carbon emissions on plant growth and reproduction has been the subject of study of free‐air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments. These experiments have found (i) an increase in internal CO2 partial pressure (ci) alongside acclimation of photosynthetic capacity, (ii) variable decreases in stomatal conductance, and (iii) that increases in yield do not increase commensurate with CO2 concentrations. Our data set, which includes a 115‐year‐long selection of grasses collected in New Mexico since 1892, is consistent with an increased ci as a response to historical CO2 increase in the atmosphere, with invasive species showing the largest increase. Comparison with Palmer Drought Sensitivity Index (PDSI) for New Mexico indicates a moderate correlation with Δ13C (r2 = 0.32, P < 0.01) before 1950, with no correlation (r2 = 0.00, P = 0.91) after 1950. These results indicate that increased ci may have conferred some drought resistance to these grasses through increased availability of CO2 in the event of reduced stomatal conductance in response to short‐term water shortage. Comparison with C3 trees from arid environments (Pinus longaeva and Pinus edulis in the US Southwest) as well as from wetter environments (Bromus and Poa grasses in New Mexico) suggests differing responses based on environment; arid environments in New Mexico see increased intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE) in response to historic elevated CO2 while wetter environments see increased ci. This study suggests that (i) the observed increases in ci in FACE experiments are consistent with historical CO2 increases and (ii) the CO2 increase influences plant sensitivity to water shortage, through either increased WUE or ci in arid and wet environments, respectively.
Abundant immunoglobulin (Ig)G4‐positive plasma cells in interstitial pneumonia without extrathoracic lesions of IgG4‐related disease: is this finding specific to IgG4‐related lung disease?
Authors: Ikeda Satoshi , Sekine Akimasa , Baba Tomohisa , Okudela Koji , Iwasawa Tae , Sakai Fumikazu , Notohara Kenji , Ohashi Kenichi , Takemura Tamiko , Ogura Takashi 
Published: August 2016

AimsThere have been few reports on immunoglobulin‐G4 (IgG4)‐related interstitial pneumonia (IP), and its clinical features remain unclear. The objective of this study was to assess whether IP with marked IgG4‐positive plasma cell infiltration without extrathoracic lesions of IgG4‐related disease (RD) should be diagnosed as a subtype of IgG4‐RD or a separate entity.Methods and resultsAll consecutive patients with surgical lung biopsy‐proven idiopathic IP with an IgG4/IgG‐positive cell ratio of >40% and >50 IgG4+ plasma cells in a high‐power field without extrathoracic lesions of IgG4‐RD were reviewed retrospectively. Five patients were enrolled into this study. All patients were male with a history of smoking. Four patients met the comprehensive diagnostic criteria for IgG4‐RD. The remaining patient lacked data related to the serum IgG4 level. Histologically, a non‐specific IP pattern was observed in all patients. The key morphological features of IgG4‐RD, such as storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in a loose background texture, were absent in every patient. In contrast, venule obstruction by densely packed lymphoplasmacytic infiltration was observed in two patients. Marked scarring and remodelling of the lung were also noted, which is not seen typically in IgG4‐RD. A favourable response to corticosteroid monotherapy was observed in all patients; however, two patients developed lung cancer during the course of observation.ConclusionsIP with marked IgG4‐positive plasma cell infiltration without extrathoracic lesions of IgG4‐RD had different pathological features from those of IgG4‐RD, and it is appropriate to regard this as a separate entity.
Investigating obesity as a risk factor for influenza‐like illness during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic using the Health Survey for England
Authors: Murphy Rachel , Fragaszy Ellen B. , Hayward Andrew C. , Warren‐Gash Charlotte 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundFollowing the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, obesity was shown to be associated with severe influenza outcomes. It remains unclear whether obesity was a risk factor for milder influenza‐like illness (ILI).ObjectivesTo determine whether obesity was associated with an increased risk of self‐reported ILI during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic using Health Survey for England (HSE) 2010 cross‐sectional data.MethodsThis study used HSE data collected from English households between January and December 2010. Weight and height measurements were taken by trained fieldworkers to determine obesity. ILI was defined as a positive response to the question “Have you had a flu‐like illness where you felt feverish and had a cough or sore throat?” with illness occurring between May and December 2009. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between obesity and ILI.ResultsThe study comprised 8407 participants (6984 adults, 1436 children), among whom 24.7% (95% CI: 23.6–25.9) were classified as obese. Of obese participants, 12.8% (95% CI: 11.1–14.8) reported ILI compared to 11.8% (95% CI: 10.8–12.8) of non‐obese participants. The adjusted OR for ILI associated with obesity was 1.16 (95% CI: 0.98–1.38, P=.093). For adults and children, the adjusted ORs were 1.16 (95% CI: 0.97–1.38, P=.101) and 1.26 (95% CI: 0.72–2.21, P=.422), respectively.ConclusionHousehold survey data showed no evidence that obesity was associated with an increase in self‐reported ILI during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic in England. Further studies using active prospective ILI surveillance combined with laboratory reporting would reduce bias and improve accuracy of outcome measurements.
Enhancing the quality of oral nutrition support for hospitalized patients: a mixed methods knowledge translation study (The EQONS study)
Authors: Gerrish Kate , Laker Sara , Taylor Carolyn , Kennedy Fiona , McDonnell Ann 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to report a multifaceted knowledge translation intervention to facilitate use of the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool and innovation in nutritional care for patients at risk of malnutrition.BackgroundMalnutrition among hospitalized patients is a widespread problem leading to adverse health outcomes. Despite evidence of the benefits of malnutrition screening and recommendations for achieving good nutrition, shortfalls in practice continue.DesignA mixed method integrated knowledge translation study.MethodsThe knowledge translation intervention comprised nutrition champions supported by knowledge translation facilitators and an action planning process. Data collection was undertaken over 18 months between 2011‐2012 in a hospital in England. Data comprised observation of mealtimes, audit of patient records, survey of nurses and semi‐structured interviews with nutrition champions, knowledge translation facilitators, senior ward nurses and nurse managers.FindingsStatistically significant relationships (Chi Square) were observed between self‐reported confidence of nurses (a) to assess patients using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, (b) to teach colleagues how to use the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool and (c) to ensure that patients were assessed within 24 hours of admission. Ward‐based nutrition champions facilitated successful innovation in nutrition support. Contextual factors operating at micro (ward), meso (organization) and macro (healthcare system) levels acted as barriers and enablers for change.ConclusionNutrition champions were successful in increasing the timely assessment of patients at risk of malnutrition and promoting innovation in nutritional care. Support from knowledge translation facilitators helped nutrition champions develop their role and work collaboratively with senior ward nurses to implement action plans for improving nutrition.
Sexual transmission‐risk behaviour among HIV‐positive persons: a multisite study using social action theory
Authors: Sullivan Kathleen M. , Dawson Rose Carol , Phillips J. Craig , Holzemer William L. , Webel Allison R. , Nicholas Patrice , Corless Inge B. , Kirksey Kenn , Sanzero Eller Lucille , Voss Joachim , Tyer‐Viola Lynda , Portillo Carmen , Johnson Mallory O. , Brion John , Sefcik Elizabeth , Nokes Kathleen , Reid Paula , Rivero‐Mendez Marta , Chen Wei‐Ti 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimSexual risk behaviour was explored and described using Social Action Theory.BackgroundThe sexual transmission of HIV is complex and multi‐factorial. Social Action Theory provides a framework for viewing self‐regulation of modifiable behaviour such as condom use. Condom use is viewed within the context of social interaction and interdependence.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsSelf‐report questionnaire administered to adults living with HIV/AIDS, recruited from clinics, service organizations and by active outreach, between 2010 ‐ 2011.FindingsHaving multiple sex partners with inconsistent condom use during a 3‐month recall period was associated with being male, younger age, having more years of education,substance use frequency and men having sex with men being a mode of acquiring HIV. In addition, lower self‐efficacy for condom use scores were associated with having multiple sex partners and inconsistent condom use.ConclusionSocial Action Theory provided a framework for organizing data from an international sample of seropositive persons. Interventions for sexually active, younger, HIV positive men who have sex with men, that strengthen perceived efficacy for condom use, and reduce the frequency of substance use, may contribute to reducing HIV‐transmission risk.
Capacity to improve fine motor skills in Williams syndrome
Authors: Berencsi A. , Gombos F. , Kovács I. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Williams syndrome (WS) are known to have difficulties in carrying out fine motor movements; however, a detailed behavioural profile of WS in this domain is still missing. It is also unknown how great the capacity to improve these skills with focused and extensive practice is.MethodWe studied initial performance and learning capacity in a sequential finger tapping (FT) task in WS and in typical development. Improvement in the FT task has been shown to be sleep dependent. WS subjects participating in the current study have also participated in earlier polysomnography studies, although not directly related to learning.ResultsWS participants presented with great individual variability. In addition to generally poor initial performance, learning capacity was also greatly limited in WS. We found indications that reduced sleep efficiency might contribute to this limitation.ConclusionsEstimating motor learning capacity and the depth of sleep disorder in a larger sample of WS individuals might reveal important relationships between sleep and learning, and contribute to efficient intervention methods improving skill acquisition in WS.
Recommendations of Common Data Elements to Advance the Science of Self‐Management of Chronic Conditions
Authors: Moore Shirley M. , Schiffman Rachel , Waldrop‐Valverde Drenna , Redeker Nancy S. , McCloskey Donna Jo , Kim Miyong T. , Heitkemper Margaret M. , Guthrie Barbara J. , Dorsey Susan G. , Docherty Sharron L. , Barton Debra , Bailey Donald E. , Austin Joan K. , Grady Patricia 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeCommon data elements (CDEs) are increasingly being used by researchers to promote data sharing across studies. The purposes of this article are to (a) describe the theoretical, conceptual, and definition issues in the development of a set of CDEs for research addressing self‐management of chronic conditions; (b) propose an initial set of CDEs and their measures to advance the science of self‐management; and (c) recommend implications for future research and dissemination.Design and MethodsBetween July 2014 and December 2015 the directors of the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)‐funded P20 and P30 centers of excellence and NINR staff met in a series of telephone calls and a face‐to‐face NINR‐sponsored meeting to select a set of recommended CDEs to be used in self‐management research. A list of potential CDEs was developed from examination of common constructs in current self‐management frameworks, as well as identification of variables frequently used in studies conducted in the centers of excellence.FindingsThe recommended CDEs include measures of three self‐management processes: activation, self‐regulation, and self‐efficacy for managing chronic conditions, and one measure of a self‐management outcome, global health.ConclusionsThe self‐management of chronic conditions, which encompasses a considerable number of processes, behaviors, and outcomes across a broad range of chronic conditions, presents several challenges in the identification of a parsimonious set of CDEs. This initial list of recommended CDEs for use in self‐management research is provisional in that it is expected that over time it will be refined. Comment and recommended revisions are sought from the research and practice communities.Clinical RelevanceThe use of CDEs can facilitate generalizability of research findings across diverse population and interventions.
Ten‐year alcohol consumption typologies and trajectories of C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist over the following 12 years: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Bell S. , Mehta G. , Moore K. , Britton A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundModerate alcohol consumption is thought to confer cardiometabolic protective effects. Inflammatory pathways are hypothesized to partly underlie this association.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the association between typologies of alcohol consumption and markers of inflammation, and their rate of change over time.MethodsData were collected from 8209 participants [69% men; mean age, 50 years (SD 6.1)] of the British Whitehall II study. Alcohol consumption typologies were defined using up to three measures during an approximately 10‐year period spanning from 1985 to 1994 as (i) stable nondrinkers, (ii) stable moderate drinkers (referent), (iii) stable heavy drinkers, (iv) nonstable drinkers and (v) former drinkers. C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1 RA) were measured up to three times in the following 12 years.ResultsStable moderate drinkers had lower levels of CRP than stable nondrinkers, stable heavy drinkers, former drinkers and nonstable drinkers, but there were no differences in the rate of change in CRP over time between groups. Stable nondrinkers had higher levels of IL‐6 as did stable heavy drinkers; rates of change in IL‐6 over time were also increased in the latter group. Stable nondrinkers also had higher levels of IL‐1 RA. These associations were robust to adjustment for confounding factors.ConclusionOur novel investigation of 10‐year drinking typologies shows that stable moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a long‐term inflammatory marker profile that is consistent with conferring a reduced risk of developing coronary heart disease.
Loneliness and related factors among people with schizophrenia in Japan: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shioda A. , Tadaka E. , Okochi A. 
Published: August 2016

Accessible summaryWhat is known about the subject?

Loneliness among people diagnosed with schizophrenia is a serious problem. Recent studies have focused on the loneliness; however, no study has examined the relationships between loneliness and both individual and environmental factors comprehensively.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

The main results indicated that the community‐dwelling people diagnosed with schizophrenia in Japan as well as in other countries experienced higher levels of loneliness. Both individual and environmental factors were related to loneliness. Increasing the self‐efficacy for community life and self‐esteem of individual factors, and not being socially isolated and increasing community integration of environmental factors would improve their loneliness.

What are the implications for practice?

Health practitioners, in particular, public health nurses in mental health care, should work to develop a partnership with people diagnosed with schizophrenia, their family members, friends and other community‐dwelling people in order to decrease and prevent loneliness. For individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, interventions by cooperating with community resources and using the technique of nurses to assist them with continuous community activity could be useful. For environmental interventions, population approach such as developing daily programmes which family members can participate in, and cooperating with educational institutions and community events could have a positive effects.

AbstractIntroductionLoneliness among people diagnosed with schizophrenia living in communities can decrease quality of life and may contribute to suicide.AimThe aim of this study was to examine the levels of loneliness among Japanese people diagnosed with schizophrenia and to identify individual and environmental factors related to their loneliness.MethodA cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 264 people diagnosed with schizophrenia who use local activity support centres in urban areas. The self‐administered questionnaires included questions on loneliness, demographic characteristics, individual factors including self‐efficacy for community life and self‐esteem, and environmental factors including social isolation, community integration and service use.ResultsThe study results indicated that people diagnosed with schizophrenia in Japan experience higher levels of loneliness, corroborating results from other countries. Multiple regression analysis showed that a lower level of self‐efficacy for community life, self‐esteem, community integration and social isolation predicted a higher level of loneliness, accounting for 55.3% of variance.Implications for PracticePublic health nurses in mental health care in Japan can work with individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and communities using the technique to assist them with continuous activity and cooperating with community resources and educational institutions in order to decrease and prevent loneliness.