bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
8‐C‐(E‐phenylethenyl)quercetin from onion/beef soup induces autophagic cell death in colon cancer cells through ERK activation
Authors: Zhao Yueliang , Fan Daming , Zheng Zong‐Ping , Li Edmund T.S. , Chen Feng , Cheng Ka‐Wing , Wang Mingfu 
Published: September 2016

ScopeQuercetin, a flavonoid, widely distributed in edible fruits and vegetables, was reported to effectively inhibit 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4, 5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) formation in a food model (roast beef patties) with itself being converted into a novel compound 8‐C‐(E‐phenylethenyl)quercetin (8‐CEPQ). Here we investigated whether 8‐CEPQ could be formed in a real food system, and tested its anticancer activity in human colon cancer cell lines.Methods and resultsLC‐MS was applied for the determination of 8‐CEPQ formation in onion/beef soup. Anticancer activity of 8‐CEPQ was evaluated by using cell viability assay and flow cytometry. Results showed that 8‐CEPQ suppressed proliferation and caused G2 phase arrest in colon cancer cells. Based on immunofluorescent staining assay, western blot assay, and RNA knockdown data, we found that 8‐CEPQ did not cause apoptotic cell death. Instead, it induced autophagic cell death. Moreover, treatment with 8‐CEPQ induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation by the mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ERK inhibitor U0126 attenuated 8‐CEPQ‐induced autophagy and reversed 8‐CEPQ‐mediated cell growth inhibition.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that 8‐CEPQ, a novel quercetin derivative, could be formed in onion/beef soup. 8‐CEPQ inhibited colon cancer cell growth by inducing autophagic cell death through ERK activation.
Nonivamide, a capsaicin analogue, exhibits anti‐inflammatory properties in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and U‐937 macrophages
Authors: Walker Jessica , Ley Jakob P. , Schwerzler Johanna , Lieder Barbara , Beltran Leopoldo , Ziemba Paul M. , Hatt Hanns , Hans Joachim , Widder Sabine , Krammer Gerhard E. , Somoza Veronika 
Published: September 2016

ScopeInflammation‐related diseases are a worldwide problem. The counteraction of inflammation with compounds activating the trigeminal nerve is one strategy to fight these diseases. Known trigeminally active compounds found in black or red pepper are the tingling t‐pellitorine, the pungent capsaicin, and the less pungent nonivamide. The presented study compares the anti‐inflammatory potential of nonivamide to the two known anti‐inflammatory compounds, elucidating the mechanism of action and the role of transient receptor protein (TRP) channels.Methods and resultsPrimary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and U‐937 macrophages were stimulated with 1 μg/mL LPS from Escherichia coli (EC‐LPS) to induce inflammation. Nonivamide attenuated the EC‐LPS induced release of IL‐6 and TNF‐α in PBMCs and U‐937 macrophages determined by magnetic bead kit analysis. This anti‐inflammatory mechanism was independent from nuclear factor‐kappa B pathway but mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway may be involved. In addition, cotreatment of U‐937 with the trigeminally active compound and an antagonist of TRPV1 or TRPA1 abolished the anti‐inflammatory activity.ConclusionsNonivamide possessed similar anti‐inflammatory potential as capsaicin and t‐pellitorine. In U‐937 macrophages, the tested compounds exploited an anti‐inflammatory effect by inhibiting the EC‐LPS induced activation of the MAPK pathway. In addition, the TRP channel activation plays a role in the anti‐inflammatory capacity of capsaicin and nonivamide.
In vitro investigation of intestinal transport mechanism of silicon, supplied as orthosilicic acid‐vanillin complex
Authors: Sergent Thérèse , Croizet Karine , Schneider Yves‐Jacques 
Published: September 2016

ScopeSilicon (Si) is one of the most abundant trace elements in the body. Although pharmacokinetics data described its absorption from the diet and its body excretion, the mechanisms involved in the uptake and transport of Si across the gut wall have not been established.Methods and resultsCaco‐2 cells were used as a well‐accepted in vitro model of the human intestinal epithelium to investigate the transport, across the intestinal barrier in both the absorption and excretion directions, of Si supplied as orthosilicic acid stabilized by vanillin complex (OSA–VC). The transport of this species was found proportional to the initial concentration and to the duration of incubation, with absorption and excretion mean rates similar to those of Lucifer yellow, a marker of paracellular diffusion, and increasing in the presence of EGTA, a chelator of divalents cations including calcium. A cellular accumulation of Si, polarized from the apical side of cells, was furthermore detected.ConclusionThese results provide evidence that Si, ingested as a food supplement containing OSA–VC, crosses the intestinal mucosa by passive diffusion via the paracellular pathway through the intercellular tight junctions and accumulates intracellularly, probably by an uptake mechanism of facilitated diffusion. This study can help to further understand the kinetic of absorption of Si.
Novel Sperm and Gonadotropin‐releasing Hormone‐based Recombinant Fusion Protein: Achievement of 100% Contraceptive Efficacy by Co‐immunization of Male and Female Mice
Authors: Minhas Vidisha , Shrestha Abhinav , Wadhwa Neerja , Singh Rita , Gupta Satish Kumar 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYImprovements in long‐term female contraception can be achieved by vaccinating with sperm‐derived proteins. Here, recombinant proteins comprising either (i) N‐ (amino acid residues 1–80) or C‐ (amino acid residues 76–126) terminal fragments of mouse sperm protein 17 (Sp17) fused to the promiscuous T non‐B cell epitope of tetanus toxoid (TT), amino acid residues 830–844 followed by di‐lysine linker (KK) (TT‐KK‐Sp17N or TT‐KK‐Sp17C, respectively) or (ii) mouse equatorin (amino acid residues 21–185) fused to the T non‐B cell epitope of bovine RNase (amino acid residues 94–104) were expressed in Escherichia coli. Immunization of female FVB/J mice, using alum as an adjuvant, led to the generation of high antibody titers against the above proteins. Antibodies against both N‐ and C‐terminal fragments of Sp17 reacted with the entire capacitated mouse spermatozoa, whereas those against equatorin reacted exclusively with the equatorial region. Despite the reactivity of all immune sera, only sera from mice immunized with TT‐KK‐Sp17N and TT‐KK‐Sp17C significantly reduced mouse in vitro fertilization. Mating studies of the immunized females with un‐immunized male mice revealed the highest infertility in the TT‐KK‐Sp17C‐immunized group. In an attempt to further boost the immune response, the C‐terminal fragment of Sp17 was expressed as fusion protein with a tandem repeat of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) (Sp17C‐GnRH2). Immunization of both male and female mice with Sp17C‐GnRH2 led to higher contraceptive efficacy compared to mice immunized with TT‐KK‐Sp17C. Interestingly, mating studies wherein partners were both immunized with Sp17C‐GnRH2 showed a complete failure of female mice to conceive. Thus, immunization of both males and females with Sp17C‐GnRH2 has the potential to increase contraceptive efficacy. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 1048–1059, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probabilistic analysis of the specific absorption rate intersubject variability safety factor in parallel transmission MRI
Authors: Le Garrec Morgane , Gras Vincent , Hang Marie‐France , Ferrand Guillaume , Luong Michel , Boulant Nicolas 
Published: September 2016

PurposeSpecific absorption rate (SAR) calculations in parallel transmission are commonly performed by using electromagnetic simulations on generic models. In this study, we propose a probabilistic analysis to study the safety factor employed to account for SAR intersubject variability versus risk relationship in head imaging at 7T.MethodsThirty‐three finite‐element electromagnetic simulations were conducted to sample the four‐dimensional parameter space consisting of the head length, head breadth, and shifts in Z and Y random variables. Based on the SAR matrices for each configuration, a multivariate second‐order polynomial of the SAR versus the different parameters was reconstructed for different types of radiofrequency pulses. A Monte Carlo calculation was then performed to compute the probability of occurrence of a given SAR value.ResultsBy testing a large number of radiofrequency excitation pulses, the SAR calculated for the average model amplified by a safety margin of 1.5 was found to return a probability of less than 1% to be exceeded across the adult Caucasian population given the investigated parameters.ConclusionThe proposed method to study SAR intersubject variability uses a reasonable number of electromagnetic simulations. Look‐ahead SAR safety margins can be deduced based on risk/benefit ratio assessments. Magn Reson Med 78:1217–1223, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy heralding accelerated chediak‐higashi syndrome
Authors: Faber Ingrid Vasconcellos , Prota Joana Rosa Marques , Martinez Alberto Rolim Muro , Nucci Anamarli , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia , Júnior Marcondes Cavalcante França 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionChediak‐Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder (gene CHS1/LYST) characterized by partial albinism, recurrent infections, and easy bruising. Survivors develop a constellation of slowly progressive neurological manifestations.MethodsWe describe clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological, and genetic findings of a patient who developed an immune‐mediated demyelinating neuropathy as the main clinical feature of CHS.ResultsThe patient presented with subacute flaccid paraparesis, absent reflexes, and reduced vibration sense. Protein and immunoglobulins (Igs) were elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid. Electrodiagnostic tests indicated an acquired chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy. Intravenous Ig and immunosuppressant treatment resulted in neurological improvement. The patient later developed organomegaly and pancytopenia. Bone‐marrow smear revealed giant azurophilic granules pathognomonic for CHS. Two novel mutations in the LYST gene were identified through whole exome sequencing [c.7786C>T and c.9106 + 1G>T].ConclusionsThis case expands the clinical phenotype of CHS and highlights inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy as a manifestation of the disease. Muscle Nerve 55: 756–760, 2017
Can filling phase urodynamic parameters predict the success of the bulbar artificial urinary sphincter in treating post‐prostatectomy incontinence?
Authors: Solomon Eskinder , Veeratterapillay Rajan , Malde Sachin , Harding Christopher , Greenwell Tamsin Jillian 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether filling phase urodynamic parameters can predict the success of the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) in treating post‐prostatectomy incontinence (PPI).Materials and MethodsWe reviewed the pre‐AUS urodynamics of 99 patients with PPI at two tertiary referral centers. We documented the peak DO pressure (Pdet), capacity, and compliance (C). We defined success as patient‐reported continence or only using one safety pad. Patients’ perception of improvement was assessed using the PGI‐I score.ResultsSixty‐eight percent (n = 68) of patients had a successful outcome. The mean compliance for the “success” and “failure” group was 112.3 mL/cmH2O (±119.7) and 34.1 mL/cmH2O (±36.2), respectively. Fifty‐five percent (17/31) of patients in the “failure” group demonstrated DO(Pdet = 36.2 ± 18.2 cmH2O) compared to 18% (12/68) in the success group. The differences between the two groups in Pdet and compliance were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). There was, however, no statistical difference between the mean cystometric capacities of patients in the two outcome groups. Thirteen out of 18 (72%) patients who had radiotherapy had a poor outcome (“success” group only 15% [9/59]). These results were used to develop a nomogram for the probability of AUS success. A good inverse correlation (r = −0.65) was demonstrated between the probability of AUS success as deduced from the nomogram and PGI‐I score post‐AUS implantationConclusionCompliance and Pdet are predictors of outcome following AUS implantation for PPI. We have developed and internally validated a nomogram that may be used to determine an individualized likelihood of AUS success. This nomogram may be used as a counseling tool to objectively set realistic expectations of continence post‐AUS implantation.
Changes in adiposity in an older Chinese population in rapid economic transition
Authors: Xu Lin , Lam Tai Hing , Jiang Chao Qiang , Zhang Wei Sen , Jin Ya Li , Zhu Tong , Lam Hubert K.B. , Schooling Catherine Mary , Adab Peymane , Thomas G. Neil , Cheng Kar Keung 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in Guangzhou, South China, which is probably experiencing the most rapid economic transition in history.MethodsIn this study, 17,786 Chinese aged 50+ years were recruited from 2003 to 2008 and followed up until 2012. BMI and WC were measured at two time points.ResultsDuring the mean follow‐up of 3.6 years (median = 3, interquartile = 1), age‐adjusted mean BMI increased only slightly. By contrast, mean WC increased sharply by 0.94 cm (95% confidence interval 0.93‐0.94) annually in men and 1.29 cm (1.28‐1.29) annually in women. In 77% of women and 69% of men, WC increased, and among them, the mean annual increase was 2.01 cm and 1.70 cm, respectively. Among healthy, never‐smoking participants, the incidence of central obesity was 29.0% (36.4% in women and 14.2% in men). The incidence of general obesity was 1.9% and was similarly low in both men and women (2.1% vs. 1.8%). Conversely, 20.3% of individuals with general obesity became nonobese, and 12.8% of individuals with central obesity returned to normal.ConclusionsCentral obesity has risen sharply in this cohort. Such increases may have been greatly underestimated previously and should form the basis of an even stronger warning for regions undergoing economic transitions in China and elsewhere.
Acceptance‐based versus standard behavioral treatment for obesity: Results from the mind your health randomized controlled trial
Authors: Forman Evan M. , Butryn Meghan L. , Manasse Stephanie M. , Crosby Ross D. , Goldstein Stephanie P. , Wyckoff Emily P. , Thomas J. Graham 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy, as well as potential moderators and mediators, of a revised acceptance‐based behavioral treatment (ABT) for obesity, relative to standard behavioral treatment (SBT).MethodsParticipants with overweight and obesity (n = 190) were randomized to 25 sessions of ABT or SBT over 1 year. Primary outcome (weight), mediator, and moderator measurements were taken at baseline, 6 months, and/or 12 months, and weight was also measured every session.ResultsParticipants assigned to ABT attained a significantly greater 12‐month weight loss (13.3% ± 0.83%) than did those assigned to SBT (9.8% ± 0.87%; P = 0.005). A condition by quadratic time effect on session‐by‐session weights (P = 0.01) indicated that SBT had a shallower trajectory of weight loss followed by an upward deflection. ABT participants were also more likely to maintain a 10% weight loss at 12 months (64.0% vs. 48.9%; P = 0.04). No evidence of moderation was found. Results supported the mediating role of autonomous motivation and psychological acceptance of food‐related urges.ConclusionsBehavioral weight loss outcomes can be improved by integrating self‐regulation skills that are reflected in acceptance‐based treatment, i.e., tolerating discomfort and reduction in pleasure, enacting commitment to valued behavior, and being mindfully aware during moments of decision‐making.
A neonate with a unique non‐Down syndrome transient proliferative megakaryoblastic disease
Authors: Bertrums Eline J. M. , Buijs Arjan , van Grotel Martine , Dors Natasja , de Rooij Jasmijn D. E. , de Haas Valerie , Hopman Sanne , Jongmans Marjolijn C. J. , Zwaan C. M. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTransient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) is a leukemia type that occurs typically in newborns. In Down syndrome, TMD is referred to as transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM).32 Recently, transientness has also been reported in acute myeloid leukemia patients with germline trisomy 21 mosaicism, and even in cases with somatic trisomy 21, with or without GATA1 mutations. TMD cases without trisomy 21 are rare, and recurrent genetic aberrations that aid in clinical decision‐making are scarcely described. We describe here a TMD patient without trisomy 21 or GATA1 mutation in whom single‐nucleotide polymorphism analysis of leukemic blasts revealed a novel combined submicroscopic deletion (5q31.1–5q31.3 and 8q23.2q24).
Encapsulation and backsheet adhesion metrology for photovoltaic modules
Authors: Tracy Jared , Bosco Nick , Novoa Fernando , Dauskardt Reinhold 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPhotovoltaic modules are designed to operate for decades in terrestrial environments. However, mechanical stress, moisture, and ultraviolet radiation eventually degrade protective materials in modules, particularly their adhesion properties, eventually leading to reduced solar cell performance. Despite the significance of interfacial adhesion to module durability, currently there is no reliable technique for characterizing module adhesion properties. We present a simple and reproducible metrology for characterizing adhesion in photovoltaic modules that is grounded in fundamental concepts of beam and fracture mechanics. Using width‐tapered cantilever beam fracture specimens, interfacial adhesion was evaluated on relevant interfaces of encapsulation and backsheet structures of new and 27‐year‐old historic modules. The adhesion energy, Gc [J/m2], was calculated from the critical value of the strain energy release rate, G, using G = βP2, where β (a mechanical and geometric parameter of the fracture specimen) and P (the experimentally measured critical load) are constants. Under some circumstances where testing may result in cracking of brittle layers in the test specimen, measurement of the delamination length in addition to the critical load was necessary to determine G. Relative to new module materials, backsheet adhesion was 95% and 98% lower for historic modules that were exposed (operated in the field) and unexposed (stored on‐site, but out of direct sunlight), respectively. Encapsulation adhesion was 87–94% lower in the exposed modules and 31% lower in the unexposed module. The metrology presented here can be used to improve module materials and assess long‐term reliability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of reduction sensitive comb‐like polyurethanes using click chemistry
Authors: Begines Belén , de‐Paz M.‐Violante , Alcudia Ana , Galbis Juan A. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe synthesis and characterization of new highly biodegradable multipropargyl and comb‐like copolyurethanes have been successfully achieved by the combination of step‐growth polymerization and click chemistry. This work discloses a simple, accurate, and straightforward method to generate brush polymers with an excellent control of the branch nature, distribution, and density in the final materials. The introduction of controlled branching has led to a great variety of polymers, whose hydrophilic/lipophilic characters were adjusted as required. Furthermore, their stiffness, semicrystalline nature, and degradability were fine‐tuned by appropriate selection of the monomers and their feed ratios. The presence of propargyl functional groups in the (co)polymers was confirmed by the presence of a thermal degradation step in the range from 450 °C to 455 °C. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3888–3900
Propellants Reactivity Enhancement with Nanothermites
Authors: Berthe Jean‐Edouard , Comet Marc , Schnell Fabien , Suma Yves , Spitzer Denis 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPropellant grains (Vectan A1) were coated with a thin and stable layer (50 μm, 10 wt‐%) of a “green” sulfate‐based nanothermite (Na2SO4/Al). This flash composition was used herein as an internal pyrotechnic lighter to accelerate the ignition and the combustion of the propellant. The combustion of the modified propellant, which was tested in one‐end open tubes, propagates four orders of magnitude faster than the one of pristine Vectan A1. This tremendous effect was tuned by varying the proportion of coated Vectan A1 grains from 20 to 100 % in the samples. The percolation threshold is in between 20 and 40 %. Beyond this point, the effect can be improved by increasing the proportion of nanothermite‐coated propellant grains in the charge.
A guide to the 3D structure of the ryanodine receptor type 1 by cryoEM
Authors: Samsó Montserrat 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSignal transduction by the ryanodine receptor (RyR) is essential in many excitable cells including all striated contractile cells and some types of neurons. While its transmembrane domain is a classic tetrameric, six‐transmembrane cation channel, the cytoplasmic domain is uniquely large and complex, hosting a multiplicity of specialized domains. The overall outline and substructure readily recognizable by electron microscopy make RyR a geometrically well‐behaved specimen. Hence, for the last two decades, the 3D structural study of the RyR has tracked closely the technological advances in electron microscopy, cryo‐electron microscopy (cryoEM), and computerized 3D reconstruction. This review summarizes the progress in the structural determination of RyR by cryoEM and, bearing in mind the leap in resolution provided by the recent implementation of direct electron detection, analyzes the first near‐atomic structures of RyR. These reveal a complex orchestration of domains controlling the channel's function, and help to understand how this could break down as a consequence of disease‐causing mutations.
While the revolution will not be crystallized, biochemistry reigns supreme
Authors: Takizawa Yoshimasa , Binshtein Elad , Erwin Amanda L. , Pyburn Tasia M. , Mittendorf Kathleen F. , Ohi Melanie D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSingle‐particle cryo‐electron microscopy (EM) is currently gaining attention for the ability to calculate structures that reach sub‐5 Å resolutions; however, the technique is more than just an alternative approach to X‐ray crystallography. Molecular machines work via dynamic conformational changes, making structural flexibility the hallmark of function. While the dynamic regions in molecules are essential, they are also the most challenging to structurally characterize. Single‐particle EM has the distinct advantage of being able to directly visualize purified molecules without the formation of ordered arrays of molecules locked into identical conformations. Additionally, structures determined using single‐particle EM can span resolution ranges from very low‐ to atomic‐levels (>30–1.8 Å), sometimes even in the same structure. The ability to accommodate various resolutions gives single‐particle EM the unique capacity to structurally characterize dynamic regions of biological molecules, thereby contributing essential structural information needed for the development of molecular models that explain function. Further, many important molecular machines are intrinsically dynamic and compositionally heterogeneous. Structures of these complexes may never reach sub‐5 Å resolutions due to this flexibility required for function. Thus, the biochemical quality of the sample, as well as, the calculation and interpretation of low‐ to mid‐resolution cryo‐EM structures (30–8 Å) remains critical for generating insights into the architecture of many challenging biological samples that cannot be visualized using alternative techniques.