bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting Domestic and Global Impacts of Emission Reductions in China on Tropospheric Ozone
Authors: Han Han , Zhang Lin , Wang Xiaolin , Lu Xiao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSustained near‐surface ozone pollution despite stringent emission controls in China has drawn wide attention. However, how such rapid regional emission reductions affect global tropospheric ozone remains unexplored. Here, using an ensemble of measurements and global model simulations, we find Chinese emission reductions during 2013–2020 have increased domestic surface ozone; particularly in North China, they have decreased the global tropospheric ozone burden by 2.7 Tg (54% of China's anthropogenic contribution and 7% of global anthropogenic contribution in 2019) and ozone radiative forcing by 8.8 mW m−2 (64% of China's anthropogenic contribution and 9% of global anthropogenic contribution in 2019). Nitrogen oxides (NOx) associated nonlinear chemistry and height‐dependent atmospheric transport patterns primarily cause the contrasting impacts. Future Chinese NOx emission controls would continue to decrease global tropospheric ozone, while regional surface ozone may still increase unless NOx reductions exceed ∼53% of the 2019 level. Our results reveal the substantial benefit of regional emission reductions in China on global tropospheric ozone mitigation.
Assimilation of Radar Reflectivity Data Using Parameterized Forward Operators for Improving Short‐Term Forecasts of High‐Impact Convection Events
Authors: Liu Peng , Gao Jidong , Zhang Guifu , Carlin Jacob T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe assimilation of radar reflectivity requires an accurate and efficient forward operator that links the model state variables to radar observations. In this study, newly developed parameterized forward operators (PFO) for radar reflectivity with a new continuous melting model are implemented to assimilate observed radar data. To assess the impact of the novel parameterized reflectivity forward operators on convective storm analysis and forecasting, two distinct sets of cycled assimilation and forecast experiments are conducted. One set of experiments (ExpRFO) uses a conventional Rayleigh‐scattering‐approximation‐based forward operator (RFO) with hydrometeor classification, while the other uses the PFO (ExpPFO_New) for radar reflectivity with a new continuous melting model. Eight high‐impact severe convective weather events from the Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) 2019 Spring Experiments are selected for this study. The analysis and forecast results are first examined in detail for a classic tornadic supercell case on 24 May 2019, with the potential benefits provided by the PFO then evaluated for all eight cases. It is demonstrated that ExpPFO_New provides more robust results in terms of improving the short‐term severe weather forecasts. Compared to ExpRFO, ExpPFO_New better reproduces all observed supercells in the analysis field, yields a more continuous and reasonable reflectivity distribution near the melting layer, and improves the strength of the cold pool compared to observations. Overall, ExpPFO_New, initialized from the more accurate analysis fields, produces better forecasts of reflectivity and hourly precipitation with smaller biases, especially at heavy precipitation thresholds.
Generative Diffusion for Regional Surrogate Models From Sea‐Ice Simulations
Authors: Finn Tobias Sebastian , Durand Charlotte , Farchi Alban , Bocquet Marc , Rampal Pierre , Carrassi Alberto 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe introduce deep generative diffusion for multivariate and regional surrogate modeling learned from sea‐ice simulations. Given initial conditions and atmospheric forcings, the model is trained to generate forecasts for a 12‐hr lead time from simulations by the state‐of‐the‐art sea‐ice model neXtSIM. For our regional model setup, the diffusion model outperforms as ensemble forecast all other tested models, including a free‐drift model and a stochastic extension of a deterministic data‐driven surrogate model. The diffusion model additionally retains information at all scales, resolving smoothing issues of deterministic models. Furthermore, by generating physically consistent forecasts, previously unseen for such kind of completely data‐driven surrogates, the model can almost match the scaling properties of neXtSIM, as similarly deduced from sea‐ice observations. With these results, we provide a strong indication that diffusion models can achieve similar results as traditional geophysical models with the significant advantage of being orders of magnitude faster and solely learned from data.
Seiche‐Induced Fish Kills in the Sea of Galilee—A Possible Explanation for Biblical Miracles?
Authors: Amitai Yael , Strobach Ehud , Hamilton David P. , Assouline Shmuel , Nishri Ami , Zohary Tamar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn Lake Kinneret (the biblical Sea of Galilee), Israel, internal waves of significant amplitude are induced by westerly winds. These waves give rise to upwelling into the surface mixed layer of colder, oxygen‐depleted water from the hypolimnetic and metalimnetic layers. If upwelling occurs soon after the onset of annual thermal stratification, when surface mixed layer extends over a narrow depth range, but the hypolimnion is already anoxic, there is a potential for massive fish kills as fish cannot escape the anoxic water that intrudes into the surface mixed layer along the western shore. This study uses a coupled three‐dimensional atmosphere‐lake model to elucidate the mechanisms behind these infrequent major fish kills in Lake Kinneret. Remarkably, nowadays fish‐kill events happen at the same location in the lake where the biblical Miracle of Loaves and Fishes and presumably the Miraculous Catch of Fish occurred two millennia before the present and may explain the appearance of large numbers of easy‐to‐collect fish close to the shore described in the biblical narratives.
Triboelectric nanogenerator based on silane-coupled LTA/PDMS for physiological monitoring and biomechanical energy harvesting
Authors: Khan Muhammad Umair , Dumbre Deepa , Abbas Yawar , Rezeq Moh’d , Alazzam Anas , Alamoodi Nahla , Khaleel Maryam , Mohammad Baker 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnergy harvesting from ambient sources present in the environment is essential to replace traditional energy sources. These strategies can diversify the energy sources, reduce maintenance, lower costs, and provide near-perpetual operation of the devices. In this work, a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on silane-coupled Linde type A/polydimethylsiloxane (LTA/PDMS) is developed for harsh environmental conditions. The silane-coupled LTA/PDMS-based TENG can produce a high output power density of 42.6 µW/cm2 at a load resistance of 10 MΩ and operates at an open-circuit voltage of 120 V and a short-circuit current of 15 µA under a damping frequency of 14 Hz. Furthermore, the device shows ultra-robust and stable cyclic repeatability for more than 30 k cycles. The fabricated TENG is used for the physiological monitoring and charging of commercial capacitors to drive low-power electronic devices. Hence, these results suggest that the silane-coupled LTA/PDMS approach can be used to fabricate ultra-robust TENGs for harsh environmental conditions and also provides an effective path toward wearable self-powered microelectronic devices.
Measurable residual mutated IDH2 before allogeneic transplant for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Gui Gege , Ravindra Niveditha , Hegde Pranay S. , Andrew Georgia , Mukherjee Devdeep , Wong Zoë , Auletta Jeffery J. , El Chaer Firas , Chen Evan C. , Chen Yi-Bin , Corner Adam , Devine Steven M. , Iyer Sunil G. , Jimenez Jimenez Antonio Martin , De Lima Marcos J. G. , Litzow Mark R. , Kebriaei Partow , Saber Wael , Spellman Stephen R. , Zeger Scott L. , Page Kristin M. , Dillon Laura W. , Hourigan Christopher S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Routine genetic profiling of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at initial diagnosis has allowed subgroup specific prognostication, drug development, and clinical management strategies. The optimal approach for treatment response assessment for AML subgroups has not yet however been determined. A nationwide cohort of 257 adult patients in first remission (CR1) from AML associated with an IDH2 mutation (IDH2m) undergoing allogeneic transplant during the period 2013–2019 in the United States had rates of relapse and survival three years after transplantation of 24% and 71%, respectively. Pre-transplant clinical flow cytometry assessment was not useful in stratifying patients based on risk of post-transplant relapse or death. DNA-sequencing was performed on CR1 blood collected within 100 days before transplant. Persistent detection of IDH2m was common (51%) and associated with increased relapse and death compared to testing negative. Co-mutation at initial diagnosis with mutated NPM1 and/or FLT3-ITD was common in this cohort (41%) and use of these validated MRD markers provided superior stratification compared to IDH2m testing. Patients testing negative for IDH2m prior to transplant had low relapse-related death, regardless of conditioning intensity. Post-transplant relapse rates for those with persistently detectable IDH2m in pre-transplant remission were lower after the FDA approval of enasidenib in August 2017.
Design rules for catalysis in single-particle plasmonic nanogap reactors with precisely aligned molecular monolayers
Authors: Kang Gyeongwon , Hu Shu , Guo Chenyang , Arul Rakesh , Sibug-Torres Sarah M. , Baumberg Jeremy J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPlasmonic nanostructures can both drive and interrogate light-driven catalytic reactions. Sensitive detection of reaction pathways is achieved by confining optical fields near the active surface. However, effective control of the reaction kinetics remains a challenge to utilize nanostructure constructs as efficient chemical reactors. Here we present a nanoreactor construct exhibiting high catalytic and optical efficiencies, based on a nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) platform. We observe and track pathways of the Pd-catalysed C-C coupling reaction of molecules within a set of nanogaps presenting different chemical surfaces. Atomic monolayer coatings of Pd on the different Au facets enable tuning of the reaction kinetics of surface-bound molecules. Systematic analysis shows the catalytic efficiency of NPoM-based nanoreactors greatly improves on platforms based on aggregated nanoparticles. More importantly, we show Pd monolayers on the nanoparticle or on the mirror play significantly different roles in the surface reaction kinetics. Our data provides clear evidence for catalytic dependencies on molecular configuration in well-defined nanostructures. Such nanoreactor constructs therefore yield clearer design rules for plasmonic catalysis.
The impact of root end filling material type and the application of bone graft on healing of periapical tissues after endodontic microsurgery (a clinical randomized controlled trial)
Authors: Salah Hesham Mohamed , Hashem Ahmed Abdel Rahman , Mustafa Tarek , Soliman Amgad Hassan , Khallaf Mustafa , Haddadeen Haseeb 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of combining different bioactive root-end filling materials with composite bone graft (xenogeneic mixed with autogenous bone fragments) on the healing process of periapical tissues after endodontic micro-surgery procedure. In this triple-blinded clinical trial, 56 patients were divided into 2 main groups (28 each) according to the root-end filling material and 2 subgroups according to the presence or absence of the composite bone graft material. Group I: MTA root-end filling (n = 28) in which there are Sub-group A: without bone graft (n = 14) and Sub-group B: with composite bone graft (n = 14). Group II: TotalFill root-end filling (n = 28) in which there are Sub-group A: without bone graft (n = 14) and Sub-group B: with composite bone graft (n = 14). Healthy patients whose ages range from 20 to 50 years with small-to-medium size radiolucency in CBCT related to single-rooted maxillary teeth were included in this study. Patients were assigned a number starting from 1 to 56 and were randomly allocated to four test groups (2 main groups and 2 sub-groups) following simple randomization procedure guidelines described by IBM SPSS V23 (IBM USA) statistical analysis software. This trial was triple-blind where the patient, the outcome assessors, and the main operator were blinded to the applied intervention. Every patient was evaluated clinically and by CBCT at two main observation periods: presurgical and 12-month post-operative. They were also examined and evaluated clinically and radiographically through periapical x-rays after one week, three, and six months. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Of the 56 patients enrolled in the study, 49 patients were available for the final analysis. All groups showed no statistically significant differences with regard to healing or success rates at the 12-month follow-up mark. No adverse effects were encountered. Results showed that high success rates were achieved using MTA and TotalFill in the healing of periapical lesions after endodontic surgery. The addition of bone graft in small-to-medium size lesions did not affect the success rate of endodontic surgeries.
Impact of sarcopenia and fat distribution on outcomes in penile cancer
Authors: Hartmann Valerie , Engelmann Simon Udo , Pickl Christoph , Haas Maximilian , Kälble Sebastian , Goßler Christopher , Eckl Christoph , Hofmann Aybike , Pichler Renate , Burger Maximilian , Mayr Roman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSarcopenia, defined as age-associated loss of skeletal muscle function and muscle mass, is a negative prognostic marker for survival in several tumor entities. However, data evaluating the impact of sarcopenia and fat distribution on penile cancer are rarely described. We performed a retrospective study including 38 patients who were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. By measuring skeletal muscle mass and fat distribution at axial abdominal computed tomography images at the third lumbar vertebra several body composition parameters including skeletal muscle index (SMI), psoas muscle index (PMI), visceral obesity and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio were determined. Among 38 patients, 26% (n = 10) of the patients with penile cancer were identified as sarcopenic. SMI, age, lymph node metastases, distant metastases and penile cancer of the shaft were identified as significant risk factors for overall survival. PMI and distant metastases were significantly associated with cancer specific survival. None of the analysed adipose tissue parameters could be identified as risk factors for survival in this study. We showed that sarcopenia occurs in a relevant part of patients with penile cancer and is a significant risk factor for overall survival (p = 0.032) and cancer specific survival (p = 0.034) for patients with penile cancer. Regarding fat distribution further studies are needed to evaluate its impact on sarcopenia and survival.
Design, modeling and cost analysis of 8.79 MW solar photovoltaic power plant at National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Qamar Shabahat Hasnain , Hanak Dawid Piotr , Ali Majid , Gomes Joao , Khan Khalid Zia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClimate change, as a critical global concern, has fueled our efforts to address it through different strategies. In response to the critical worldwide issue of climate change, we suggested a Photovoltaic (PV) system at the National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) in Islamabad, Pakistan (latitude: 33.724530 N, longitude: 73.046869, terrain elevation: 552 m). Islamabad is located in a region blessed with enormous solar resources, boasting a daily horizontal solar irradiance of 1503.45 kWh/m2 and an average daily solar irradiance of 5.89 kWh/m2, with an exceptional solar fraction of 98.99%. The ambient air temperature, averaging 23.21 °C, reaches its maximum in June and its minimum in December. Our research thoroughly evaluates the system’s performance, accounting for various losses and utilizing modern PVsyst software. Over the course of 18 years, our PV system is expected to save 75,478.60 tons of CO2, the equivalent of planting 348,754 teak trees. Furthermore, the cost of energy generation is an affordable 0.0141 US $/kWh, much lower than traditional rates, including the Sherif cost of 0.028$/kWh. Along with the performance research, we conducted a detailed cost analysis, projecting the starting cost and cash flow, and discovered that the plant would be in surplus within 12 years of installation. Our system is positioned to generate 11,270,771 kWh/year with a respectable performance ratio (PR) of 76.2% and a Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) of 16%. Our findings not only highlight the potential of renewable energy but also provide important insights for future sustainable energy programs.
Oregano essential oil and Bacillus subtilis role in enhancing broiler’s growth, stress indicators, intestinal integrity, and gene expression under high stocking density
Authors: Elbaz Ahmed M. , El-Sonousy Neima K. , Arafa A. Sabry , Sallam M. G. , Ateya Ahmed , Abdelhady AbdelRahman Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the role of dietary Bacillus subtilis and oregano essential oil in mitigating the effects of high stocking density on growth performance, carcass traits, physiological stress indicators, gene expression, and intestinal integrity in broiler chickens. A total of, 1250 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five experimental groups, where each group had five replicates of 50 chicks. Group 1 (control, LSD): 15 chicks/m2 fed a basal diet without feed additive, group 2 (HSD): 20 chicks/m2 fed a basal diet without feed additive, group 3 (BHSD): 20 chicks/m2 fed a basal diet supplemented with B. subtilis (500 mg/kg diet), group 4 (OHSD): 20 chicks/m2 fed a basal diet supplemented with oregano essential oil (300 mg/kg diet), group 5 (CHSD): 20 chicks/m2 fed a basal diet supplemented with oregano essential oil and B. subtilis. At 35 days of age, there was a noticeable improvement in the growth performance of broilers fed CHSD under high stocking density through the increase in body weight gain, dressing percentage, and crude protein digestibility with a decrease in feed conversion rate compared to other groups. Adding CHSD enhanced the state of oxidation and immunity through increasing superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius, while decreasing malondialdehyde, in addition to increasing plasma triiodothyronine levels. The microbial structure and morphometric parameters improved in the group that received the CHSD compared to the other groups, where villus height and Lactobacillus population increased, whereas Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens population decreased. Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), fatty acid transporter 1 (FABP1), and amino acid transferase 1 (CAT1) gene expression levels significantly increased when feeding on oregano essential oil with B. subtilis. In conclusion, combining oregano essential oil and B. subtilis supplements mitigated the effects of high stocking density by enhancing growth performance, antioxidative status, and intestinal integrity, in addition to modifying the genetic expression of genes related to nutrient absorption.
Chert outcrops differentiation by means of low-field NMR relaxometry
Authors: Fajt Michał , Mazur-Rosmus Weronika , Stefańska Anna , Kochman Alicja , Krzyżak Artur T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSiliceous rocks served as raw materials in the production of stone tools from the Middle Paleolithic onwards. Due to migration, the provenance of archaeological artefacts can differ from their natural outcrop location. The aim of this work was the application of 1D and 2D low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) relaxometry to distinguish cherts by their original source. Herein, bedded cherts and accompanying nodular cherts coming from three different outcrops of Kraków-Częstochowa Upland were investigated. 1D and 2D (T1-T2) experiments of water-saturated and dry rock sample states delivered T1, T2 times and T1/T2 ratios of distinct hydrogen populations – parameters sensitive to pore size, surface properties, and hydrogen bonding length. In-depth analysis of NMR data showed substantial differences in the porosity, pore surface and pore structure properties of investigated chert samples tested in the three different saturation levels (100% water-saturated, dried and differential). Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to reduce the number of correlations obtained and highlight the most important NMR properties specific to the particular outcrop localization."Please check captured corresponding author email if correct.""The email is correct"
Risk factors for receiving both scleral buckle and glaucoma drainage device in children
Authors: Karam Mariana Abi , Sharma Arjun , Lopez-Canizares Ashley , Carletti Piero , Vanner Elizabeth A. , Berrocal Audina M. , Chang Ta Chen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective review of patients (< 18 years) between 2013 and 2021 to determine risk factors of pediatric patients receiving a glaucoma drainage device (GDD) needing a scleral buckle (SB) and vice versa. The first population underwent an SB placement with no prior GDD. The second underwent a GDD implantation with no prior SB. We analyzed 133 eyes in the SB-first group. The common indications were retinal detachment associated with a syndrome/disease (41.2%), blunt trauma (21%), and non-syndromic pathologic myopia (11%). Twelve eyes (9%) required subsequent GDD implantation with a mean time to reoperation of 19.73 months (median 2.3 months). Eyes with trauma had a 5-fold risk (hazard ratio [HR] 4.81, p = 0.0069) of requiring a subsequent GDD. Each additional glaucoma medication before initial SB surgery increased the risk by 1.81 (p = 0.0096). 135 eyes were in the GDD-first group. Four eyes (3%) required a subsequent SB. The mean time to reoperation was 17 months (median 9.2 months). There was a statistically significant association with trauma (HR 12.3, p = 0.0341) only. Pediatric eyes with a history of trauma and/or multiple glaucoma medications before intervention have a high risk of requiring both an SB and GDD.
Optimizing cold storage for uniform airflow and temperature distribution in apple preservation using CFD simulation
Authors: Alexander Leo Daniel , Jakhar Sanjeev , Dasgupta Mani Sankar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractApples are preserved in cold storage within standard size crates to avoid injury during handling and are stacked in a specific manner to promote adequate air circulation. This research builds an air flow and heat transfer model of a cold room (5.75 m × 3.83 m × 3.75 m) with apple filled crates (0.55 m × 0.37 m × 0.3 m) modeled as a porous media and uses CFD simulation to study how alternate stacking impacts airflow distribution and product temperature. The conventional arrangement of crates, termed CS1, was simulated, and the resulting temperature distribution data were used to validate the model with published experimental data, a root mean square error of 1.13 °C indicates good match. The model is extended to examine temperature distribution for two additional arrangements of crates (CS2 and CS3) with changed orientations and spacing, in accordance with a specific strategy. CS3, featuring larger spacing along the z-direction, showed higher average air velocity compared to CS2 and CS1 by 7.4% and 3.7% respectively. CS3 also improved cooling rate by 25.2% and increased the number of chilled crates by 20% within 40 h, along with a reduced temperature heterogeneity (3.59 °C). The model could predict hot spots in various stacking configurations, aiding in optimal arrangement.