bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axial Spondyloarthritis and Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Kaut Irène Kona , abourazzak Fatima Ezzhara , Jamila Essouri , Sènami Florine Awassi , Diketa Desiré , Taoufik Harzy 
Published: June 2017

Background:Smoking is one of the main environmental risk factors involved in several rheumatic diseases according to ACR 2014, it is included among the risk factors for severe axial spondyloarthritis.Objectives:The objective is to study the association between smoking and the activity of the disease, the functional impact and the severity of the axial spondyloarthritis.Methods:It is a transversal study with a descriptive and analytical aim, during the period between January 2014 and December 2015 conducted in the department of rheumatology at the CHU Hassan II of Fes.The data was recorded and analyzed using SPSS v20 univariate and bivariate analysisA value of p <0.005 has been used to identify factors associated with smoking.Results:The study included 214 patients, 130 men and 84 women. The mean age was 39.77 ± 13.06 (16-68) years with an average disease duration of 7.97 ± 6.4 (2-35) years.The prevalence of smoking in patients with spondyloarthritis was 36%.According to the univariate and bivariate analysis: Smoking was associated with the male sex (p≤0.0001), with a functional impairment BASFI (p = 0.038) and activity BASDAI (p=0.004) and ASDAS CRP, (p=0.036).Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that smoking was associated with male sex and the severity of the disease.Conclusion:Our study suggests that there is a significant association between smoking and male sex and the severity of the disease.
Biological Effects of Phosphocitrate on Osteoarthritic Articular Chondrocytes
Authors: Sun Yubo , Franklin Atiya M , Mauerhan David R , Hanley Edward N 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Phosphocitrate (PC) inhibits osteoarthritis (OA) in Hartley guinea pigs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Objective:
This study sought to examine the biological effect of PC on OA chondrocytes and test the hypothesis that PC may exert its OA disease modifying effect, in part, by inhibiting the expression of genes implicated in OA disease process and stimulating the production of extracellular matrices.

Method:
OA chondrocytes were cultured in the absence or presence of PC. Total RNA was extracted and subjected to microarray analyses. The effect of PC on proliferation and chondrocyte-mediated calcification were examined in monolayer culture. The effect of PC on the production of extracellular matrices was examined in micromass culture.

Results:
PC downregulated the expression of numerous genes classified in proliferation and apoptosis while upregulating the expression of many genes classified in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor signaling pathway and ossification. PC also downregulated the expressions of many genes classified in inflammatory response and Wnt receptor signaling pathways. Consistent with its effect on the expression of genes classified in proliferation, ossification, and skeletal development, PC inhibited the proliferation of OA chondrocytes and chondrocyte-mediated calcification while stimulating the production of extracellular matrices.

Conclusion:
PC may exert its OA disease modifying effect, in part, through a crystal-independent mechanism or by inhibiting the expressions of many genes implicated in OA disease process, and at the same time, stimulating the expression of genes implicated in chondroprotection and production of extracellular matrices.
Entre el Patronato Regio y el honor del público. La aspersión con agua bendita en el reino de la Nueva España durante el siglo XVIII
Authors: Carbajal López David 
Published: June 2017

La aspersión con agua bendita era uno de los rituales por los que se construía la autoridad civil y eclesiástica en el siglo XVIII Estaba asociado tradicionalmente a los honores del Patronato Regio y a la jerarquía del clero sobre los seglares. En este siglo, hubo intentos por extenderlo a las nuevas autoridades introducidas por las Reformas Borbónicas y, sobre todo, a las autoridades municipales, bajo el argumento de la utilidad pública.
El testamento de Luis Núñez Pérez de Meñaca, tesorero de la Casa de Moneda de la ciudad de México (1610)
Authors: Hillerkuss Thomas , Quiñones Flores Georgina Indira 
Published: June 2017

En la sociedad novohispana era una obligación otorgar testamento frente a la muerte inminente, pero máxime para aquellas personas que durante su vida habían manejado grandes sumas de dinero y que querían cumplir con los mandatos de la santa Iglesia católica y con las leyes promulgadas por la Corona. Tal fue el caso de Luis Núñez Pérez de Meñaca, quien entre finales del siglo XVI y principios del siguiente fungió como tesorero y ensayador de la Casa de Moneda de la capital novohispana y, por muchos años, tesorero general de la Santa Cruzada en el virreinato.
HUKUM, MORAL, DAN KEKUASAAN DALAM TELAAH (Hukum adalah Alat Teknis Sosial)
Authors: Shalihah Fithriatus , Adhayanto Oksep 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe negative impact of the use of law as a means of changing society in authoritarian countries is seen already clear when in authority a regime that was decades on authority in Indonesia. The regime overcome all the forces that exist in society and the bureaucracy is crucial. Political parties in that era were not independent. The decisions in the field of legislation more influenced by the government's political vision. Here, the law has been used as synonymous with power, so that can not be distinguished more clearly, where the law where power, where “rechtsstaat” and where “machtstaat”, where state laws and which countries tyranny legitimized by law. The law should be given charges philosophical truth values are deduced from the principles of the law by the authorities, in fact the loaded power itself that must be regarded as truth. Manipulation of the truth that's going on here is misdirection logic through language games that the law is the same as the laws in the flow of positivism. Keywords: Legal, Moral and Authority AbstrakDampak negatif penggunaan hukum sebagai sarana perubahan masyarakat dalam negara otoriter terlihat sudah secara terang benderang ketika berkuasanya sebuah rezim yang puluhan tahun berkuasa di Indonesia. Rezim tersebut mengatasi semua kekuatan yang ada dalam masyarakat dan birokrasinya sangat menentukan. Partai-partai politik pada era itu tidak mandiri. Keputusan-keputusan di bidang legislasi lebih banyak diwarnai oleh visi politik pemerintah. Disini hukum telah dijadikan identik dengan kekuasaan, sehingga tidak dapat dibedakan lagi secara tegas, mana hukum mana kekuasaan, mana rechtsstaat dan mana machtstaat, mana negara hukum dan mana negara tirani yang dilegitimasi secara hukum. Hukum yang seharusnya diberi muatan-muatan nilai-nilai kebenaran filosofis yang dideduksi dari asas-asas hukum oleh kekuasaan, pada kenyataanya diberi muatan kekuasaan itu sendiri yang harus dipandang sebagai kebenaran. Manipulasi kebenaran yang terjadi disini berakar penyesatan logika melalui permainan bahasa (language of the game) bahwa hukum itu sama dengan undang-undang dalam aliran positivisme. Kata Kunci: Hukum, Moral, dan Kekuasaan
Construire une organisation alternative
Authors: Dorion Léa 
Published: June 2017

Cet article contribue aux travaux sur les organisations alternatives. La pluralité des organisations étudiées et des approches mobilisées pose la question de la cohérence de ce champ ; et en particulier des contours et de la définition d’une organisation alternative. Cet article étudie cette question en apportant deux contributions. La première entend rendre visible et légitimer la littérature féministe comme porteuse de contributions potentielles à la réflexion sur les organisations alternatives. La seconde contribution propose une problématisation des organisations alternatives, et montre en quoi elle peut instruire certaines questions en science de gestion. Pour organiser l’action collective, il s’agit d’identifier et d’accepter un certain nombre de dissonances au sein de l’organisation, ce qui rend indépassable une instabilité de l’organisation.
The effect of NACHRI children’s hospital designation on outcome in pediatric malignant brain tumors
Authors: Donoho Daniel A. , Wen Timothy , Liu Jonathan , Zarabi Hosniya , Christian Eisha , Cen Steven , Zada Gabriel , McComb J. Gordon , Krieger Mark D. , Mack William J. , Attenello Frank J. 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVEAlthough current pediatric neurosurgery guidelines encourage the treatment of pediatric malignant brain tumors at specialized centers such as pediatric hospitals, there are limited data in support of this recommendation. Previous studies suggest that children treated by higher-volume surgeons and higher-volume hospitals may have better outcomes, but the effect of treatment at dedicated children’s hospitals has not been investigated.METHODSThe authors analyzed the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) from 2000–2009 and included all patients undergoing a craniotomy for malignant pediatric brain tumors based on ICD-9-CM codes. They investigated the effects of patient demographics, tumor location, admission type, and hospital factors on rates of routine discharge and mortality.RESULTSFrom 2000 through 2009, 83.6% of patients had routine discharges, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 1.3%. In multivariate analysis, compared with children treated at an institution designated as a pediatric hospital by NACHRI (National Association of Children’s Hospitals and Related Institutions), children receiving treatment at a pediatric unit within an adult hospital (OR 0.5, p < 0.01) or a general hospital without a designated pediatric unit (OR 0.4, p < 0.01) were less likely to have routine discharges. Treatment at a large hospital (> 400 beds; OR 1.8, p = 0.02) and treatment at a teaching hospital (OR 1.7, p = 0.02) were independently associated with greater likelihood of routine discharge. However, patients transferred between facilities had a significantly decreased likelihood of routine discharge (OR 0.5, p < 0.01) and an increased likelihood of mortality (OR 5.0, p < 0.01). Procedural volume was not associated with rate of routine discharge or mortality.CONCLUSIONSThese findings may have implications for planning systems of care for pediatric patients with malignant brain tumors. The authors hope to motivate future research into the specific factors that may lead to improved outcomes at designated pediatric hospitals.
Cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance as a diagnostic marker of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leakage
Authors: Beck Jürgen , Fung Christian , Ulrich Christian T. , Fiechter Michael , Fichtner Jens , Mattle Heinrich P. , Mono Marie-Luise , Meier Niklaus , Mordasini Pasquale , Z’Graggen Werner J. , Gralla Jan , Raabe Andreas 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVESpinal CSF leakage causes spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). The aim of this study was to characterize CSF dynamics via lumbar infusion testing in patients with and without proven spinal CSF leakage in order to explore possible discriminators for the presence of an open CSF leak.METHODSThis analysis included all patients with suspected SIH who were treated at the authors’ institution between January 2012 and February 2015. The gold standard for “proven” CSF leakage is considered to be extrathecal contrast accumulation after intrathecal contrast injection. To characterize CSF dynamics, the authors performed computerized lumbar infusion testing to measure lumbar pressure at baseline (opening pressure) and at plateau, as well as pulse amplitude, CSF outflow resistance (RCSF), craniospinal elastance, and pressure-volume index.RESULTSThirty-one patients underwent clinical imaging and lumbar infusion testing and were included in the final analysis. A comparison of the 14 patients with proven CSF leakage with the 17 patients without leakage showed a statistically significantly lower lumbar opening pressure (p < 0.001), plateau pressure (p < 0.001), and RCSF (p < 0.001) in the group with leakage. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for an RCSF cutoff of ≤ 5 mm Hg/(ml/min) were 0.86, 1.0, 1.0, and 0.89 (area under the curve of 0.96), respectively. The median pressure-volume index was higher (p = 0.003), and baseline (p = 0.017) and plateau (p < 0.001) pulse amplitudes were lower in patients with a proven leak.CONCLUSIONSLumbar infusion testing captures a distinct pattern of CSF dynamics associated with spinal CSF leakage. RCSF assessed by computerized lumbar infusion testing has an excellent diagnostic accuracy and is more accurate than evaluating the lumbar opening pressure. The authors suggest inclusion of RCSF in the diagnostic criteria for SIH.
Pediatric abusive head trauma and stroke
Authors: Khan Nickalus R. , Fraser Brittany D. , Nguyen Vincent , Moore Kenneth , Boop Scott , Vaughn Brandy N. , Klimo Paul 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVEDespite established risk factors, abusive head trauma (AHT) continues to plague our communities. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), depicted as areas of hypodensity on CT scans or diffusion restriction on MR images, is a well-known consequence of AHT, but its etiology remains elusive. The authors hypothesize that a CVA, in isolation or in conjunction with other intracranial injuries, compounds the severity of a child’s injury, which in turn leads to greater health care utilization, including surgical services, and an increased risk of death.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective observational study to evaluate data obtained in all children with AHT who presented to Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital (LBCH) from January 2009 through August 2016. Demographic, hospital course, radiological, cost, and readmission information was collected. Children with one or more CVA were compared with those without a CVA.RESULTSThe authors identified 282 children with AHT, of whom 79 (28%) had one or more CVA. Compared with individuals without a CVA, children with a stroke were of similar overall age (6 months), sex (61% male), and race (56% African-American) and had similar insurance status (81% public). Just under half of all children with a stroke (38/79, 48%) were between 1–6 months of age. Thirty-five stroke patients (44%) had a Grade II injury, and 44 (56%) had a Grade III injury. The majority of stroke cases were bilateral (78%), multifocal (85%), associated with an overlying subdural hematoma (86%), and were watershed/hypoperfusion in morphology (73%). Thirty-six children (46%) had a hemispheric stroke. There were a total of 48 neurosurgical procedures performed on 28 stroke patients. Overall median hospital length of stay (11 vs 3 days), total hospital charges ($13.8 vs $6.6 million), and mean charges per patient ($174,700 vs $32,500) were significantly higher in the stroke cohort as a whole, as well as by injury grade (II and III). Twenty children in the stroke cohort (25%) died as a direct result of their AHT, whereas only 2 children in the nonstroke cohort died (1%). There was a 30% readmission rate within the first 180-day postinjury period for patients in the stroke cohort, and of these, approximately 50% required additional neurosurgical intervention(s).CONCLUSIONSOne or more strokes in a child with AHT indicate a particularly severe injury. These children have longer hospital stays, greater hospital charges, and a greater likelihood of needing a neurosurgical intervention (i.e., bedside procedure or surgery). Stroke is such an important predictor of health care utilization and outcome that it warrants a subcategory for both Grade II and Grade III injuries. It should be noted that the word “stroke” or “CVA” should not automatically imply arterial compromise in this population.
Increased Proliferation as Independent Predictor of Disease Recurrence in Initial Stage pTa Urothelial Bladder Cancer
Authors: Breyer Johannes , Shalekenov Sanzhar , Aziz Atiqullah , van Rhijn Bastiaan W.G. , Bründl Johannes , Lausenmeyer Eva , Schäfer Julius , Denzinger Stefan , Giedl Christian , Burger Maximilian , Hartmann Arndt , Evert Matthias , Otto Wolfgang 
Published: June 2017

Objectives: To investigate the predictive impact of the proliferation biomarker Ki-67 on the clinical course of patients with initial stage pTa urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients treated by transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TUR-B) for UCB between 1992–2004 in a single-center. Disease recurrence (≥pTa UCB) and absent tumor in histopathology, assessed by TUR-B with a non-malignant result for endoscopic suspect bladder lesion displayed endpoints. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks was performed with an immunostainer using a primary antibody for Ki-67. Semiquantitative evaluation of Ki-67 was performed by three reviewers. Increased proliferation was defined with a cut-off value of ≥50%. Uni- and multivariable binary regression analyses were applied to address prediction of disease recurrence. Results: 215 patients (84% male, median age 69 years at first diagnosis) were evaluable and included to the study. 89 patients stayed disease-free (41%), 126 patients showed recurrence (59%). Recurrence rates of patients with Ki-67 expression <10%, 10–24%, 25–49% and ≥50% were 14.8% vs. 30.8% vs. 63.9% and 80.7%, respectively ( p < 0.001). In Kaplan-Meier analysis patients with increased proliferation ≥50% showed a statistically significant worse 10-year recurrence-free survival (19% vs. 57%, p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis revealed instillation treatment ( p = 0.001) and high proliferation of Ki-67 ( p < 0.001) to be independent predictors of recurrence in stage pTa UCB. Conclusions: High proliferation with Ki-67 expression ≥50% was strongly associated with worse recurrence-free survival in patients with initial stage pTa UCB. Stage pTa UCB patients with increased Ki-67 expression should undergo a strictly follow-up regime comparable to stage pT1 bladder carcinoma, while at least patients with Ki-67 expression <10% might be feasible for more liberate follow-up regime after evaluation of our data in randomized, prospective and multicenter studies.
Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on histomorphometry and osteocalcin in disuse osteoporosis rats
Authors: Li Baolin , Bi Jiaqi , Li Wei , Huang Sainan , Zhang Shuangli , Zhao Jian’gang , Meng Qinggang , Fei Jianfeng 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE: Bone histomorphometry and the concentration of the serum osteocalcin expression were observed in disuse osteoporosis (DOP) rats in order to explore the mechanism of pulsed electromagnetic fields in treating DOP. METHODS: Female SD rats, weighing 250 [Formula: see text] 280 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group and three experimental groups. The right hindlimbs of all the rats were immobilized by tibia-tail fixation, except for those in the INT group. The ALN group rats were given an alendronate sodium (1 mg kg[Formula: see text] d[Formula: see text]) treatment, and the rats in the PEMF group received PEMF irradiation. Bone histomorphometry and the concentration of serum osteocalcin expression were detected in 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Four weeks after modeling, as compared with the DOP group, the %Tb-Ar and Tb-N in the ALN group were increased, and the difference was significant ([Formula: see text] 0.05 or [Formula: see text] 0.01). At 8 weeks, as compared with the DOP group, the %Tb-Ar and Tb-N in the ALN group and the PEMF group both increased, and there was a significant difference ([Formula: see text] 0.05 or [Formula: see text] 0.01). At 12 weeks, as compared with the DOP group, the BGP serum concentration of the ALN group was reduced, and there was a statistical difference ([Formula: see text] 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pulse electromagnetic field with drug can prevent disuse osteoporosis by changing the bone microstructure. In the long run, PEMF improves the mechanical performance of biological structures better than alendronate sodium does. PEMF may influence the process of bone remodeling by promoting the level of osteocalcin.
Study on the control of variable resistance for isokinetic muscle training system
Authors: Wang Lan , Zhang Zhenyuan , Yu Yi , Chen Guangwei 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: Isokinetic muscle strength training is presently the most advanced method of muscle strength training. However, the existing control schemes of the training equipment are usually limited to the structure of the brake. OBJECTIVE: In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a solution to an isokinetic system based on the force control of a DC servomotor. METHODS: A new fuzzy impedance nonlinear controller is designed by analyzing the relevant requirements of isokinetic motion. A series of force tracking comparison experiments between a fuzzy PI controller and a classical PI controller are studied. In addition, some strength training experiments employing different driving forces and target speeds are also conducted. RESULTS: The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this fuzzy impedance force tracking control strategy. CONCLUSION: Using the aforementioned methods, a comprehensive motion algorithm was designed.
Reflex-mediated dynamic neuromuscular stabilization in stroke patients: EMG processing and ultrasound imaging
Authors: Yoon Hyun S. , You Joshua (Sung) H. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: Postural core instability is associated with poor dynamic balance and a high risk of serious falls. Both neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) core stabilization exercises have been used to improve core stability, but the outcomes of these treatments remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to examine the therapeutic effects of NDT and DNS core stabilization exercises on muscular activity, core stability, and core muscle thickness. METHODS: Ten participants (5 healthy adults; 5 hemiparetic stroke patients) were recruited. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to determine core muscle activity of the transversus abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO), external oblique (EO), and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure transversus abdominals/internal oblique (TrA/IO) thickness, and a pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) was used to measure core stability during the DNS and NDT core exercise conditions. Data are reported as median and range and were compared using nonparametric Mann – Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test at [Formula: see text] 0.05. RESULTS: Both healthy and hemiparetic stroke groups showed greater median EMG amplitude in the TrA/IO muscles, core stability, and muscle thickness values during the DNS exercise condition than during the NDT core exercise condition, respectively ([Formula: see text] 0.05). However, the relative changes in the EMG amplitude, core stability, and muscle thickness values were greater during the DNS exercise condition than during the NDT core exercise condition in the hemiparetic stroke patient group ([Formula: see text] 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our novel results provide the first clinical evidence that DNS is more effective than NDT in both healthy and hemiparetic stroke subjects to provide superior deep core muscle activation, core stabilization, and muscle thickness. Moreover, such advantageous therapeutic benefits of the DNS core stabilization exercise over the NDT exercise were more apparent in the hemiparetis stroke patients than normal controls.