bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood transfusion in injured older adults: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Zhinan , Kmail Zaher , Higgins Mairead , Stansbury Lynn G. , Kunapaisal Thitikan , O'Connell Kathleen M. , Bentov Itay , Vavilala Monica S. , Hess John R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe asked how increasing age interacts with transfusion and mortality among older injured adults at our large regional trauma center.BackgroundOlder adults are increasing proportions of acute trauma care and transfusion, but the specific interactions of increasing age with blood product use are unclear.Methods/MaterialsTrauma data (age, injury severity, mechanism, etc.) were linked with transfusion service data (type, timing and numbers of units) for all acute trauma patients treated at our center 2011–2022. Subsets of patients aged ≥55 years were identified by age decade and trends assessed statistically, p < 0.01.ResultsOf 73 645 patients, 25 409 (34.5%) were aged ≥55. Within increasing 10‐year age cohorts, these older patients were increasingly female (32.2%–67.2%), transferred from outside facilities (55.2%–65.9%) and injured in falls (44.4%–90.3%). Overall, patients ≥55, despite roughly equivalent injury severity, were twice as likely to be transfused (24% vs. 12.8%) as younger patients and to die during hospitalisation (7.5% vs. 2.9%). Cohort survival at all ages and levels of transfusion intensity in the first 4 h of care were more than 50%. Through age 94, numbers of red cell and whole blood units given in the first 4 h of care were a function of injury severity, not age cohort.ConclusionsIn our trauma resuscitation practice, patients aged ≥55 years are more likely to receive blood products than younger patients, but numbers of units given in the first 4 h appear based on injury severity. Age equity in acute resuscitation is demonstrated.
A Wearable Multichannel Electrical Stimulator for Tremor Suppression
Authors: Zhang Tongpo , Ying Huiqian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pathological wrist and finger tremors can be mitigated by out-of-phase stimulation of the sensory nerves in the flexor and extensor muscles. This study endeavors to develop a portable, multichannel electrical stimulator designed to deliver high-frequency, low-intensity, biphasic charge-balanced current pulses within a practical load range to effectively suppress wrist and finger tremors. The circuit architecture integrates an Arduino Nanomicrocontroller, a four-channel digital potentiometer, and four Howland current pumps. The Howland current pump, employing an operational amplifier, generates bipolar currents by accepting bipolar voltages, whereas the digital potentiometer offers programmable bipolar voltages via its wiper terminals. Experimental results indicate that the pulse frequency can be adjusted between 50 Hz and 200 Hz, and the current level can be modulated within a range of −10 mA to +10 mA, with load resistance spanning 100 Ω to 1.3 kΩ. This portable and multichannel device is effective in delivering high-frequency, low-intensity sensory nerve stimulation through programmable biphasic charge-balanced current pulses. The proposed stimulator has the potential to enable adaptive muscle activation, thereby initiating, promoting, and generating movements, and facilitating interactive in-home neurorehabilitation for disabled patients. The portability and programmability of this device make it a promising tool for personalized tremor management and rehabilitation, enhancing the quality of life for individuals with motor impairments.
The Mediating Role of Perceived Body Weight, Fat, and Muscularity in the Relationship Between Weight Status and Psychological Health
Authors: Lai Catie Chun Wan , Brooks Kevin R. , Boag Simon 
Published: September 2024

Background: Past studies have primarily focused on the impact of body weight perception on psychological health. However, other components (e.g., perceived body fat and muscularity) may also play a role. This study aimed to examine the association between weight status (i.e., normal weight and obesity/overweight) and psychological health, and how different components of body perception mediate the association.Methods: From February to June 2022, 621 undergraduates completed an online cross sectional survey, which included questions about height, weight, psychological health (i.e., well‐being, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and stress), and body perception. Participants with a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 kg/m2 and 25 kg/m2 were classified as normal weight, while those over 25 kg/m2 were classified as individuals with obesity/overweight. Path analysis tested the association between weight status and psychological health and the mediating role of perceived body weight, fat, and muscularity.Results: Obesity/overweight was associated with lower well‐being (β = 0.128, p = 0.002) and physical health‐related quality of life (β = 0.089, p = 0.024), and higher depression (β = −0.133, p = 0.002) and stress (β = −0.104, p = 0.013). These associations were fully mediated by perceived body fat, with estimates ranging from −0.122 to 0.112. Perceived body weight and perceived muscularity did not significantly mediate these associations.Conclusion: Perceived body fat was the only component of body perception that explained the association between weight status and psychological health. This finding suggests that research on psychological health in individuals with obesity or overweight needs to extend beyond mere perceived body weight and incorporate different components of body perception. Furthermore, interventions aimed at improving psychological health in individuals with obesity or overweight need to consider the potential effect of perceived body fat.
Phalangipus somnathensis sp. nov. (Decapoda, Brachyura, Epialtidae) a new species of spider crab from India, Arabian Sea, with a key to the species of Phalangipus Latreille, 1828
Authors: Sureandiran B. , Karuppasamy K. , Suyani N. K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A new species of spider crab is described based on a single specimen collected from the Veraval fishing harbour, Gujarat, north-west coast of India, Arabian Sea. Globally nine species of spider crabs were reported of which four, Phalangipus filiformis, P. hystrix, P. indicus and P. longipes were documented from Indian waters. The new species, P. somnathensis sp. nov. differs from most species of the genus, based on the presence of blunt spines over the lateral & dorsal margin of the carapace, by the intestinal region being produced into a sharp spine, and by possessing a unique shape of male pleopod, i.e., branched into two lobes distally. The newly discovered species is compared with its congeners.
Effects of zinc-supplemented diets on growth, survival, and immune responses of the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 (Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata)
Authors: Ilham I. , Fatimatuzzakhra F. , Sunarno Mas Tri Djoko , Novriadi Romi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of zinc (Zn)-supplemented diets on the growth, survival, and immunological indices of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Four experimental diets were prepared and offered, which were: a non-supplemented basal diet (T1), a diet supplemented with organic Zn at 10 mg/kg (T2), a diet supplemented with organic Zn at 15 mg Zn/kg (T3), and a diet supplemented with inorganic Zn at 45 mg/kg (T4). In the 30-day feeding trial, specific growth rate, weight gain, and survival were significantly higher in shrimp fed T3 diets than in those fed T1 or T2. There were no significant differences in total haemocyte counts observed among the juvenile P. vannamei treated with Zn diets. In addition, dietary Zn supplementation significantly increased phagocytic activity of juvenile P. vannamei. Overall, these results indicate that appropriate dietary Zn has beneficial effects on growth, survival, and immune responses of juvenile Pacific white shrimp.
Performance of Circular Economy-focused Organisations in the Stock Market and its Societal Impact
Authors: Maiti Moinak , Kayal Parthajit 
Published: September 2024

The circular economy-focused organisations are units that function under the principles of the circular economy. This study demonstrates the societal impacts of the circular economy-focused organisations in the stock market with respect to a range of social, economic and environmental issues of sustainable development goals (SDGs). The higher influx of capital flow from the stock market by investing in these circular economy-focused organisations will allow the organisations to scale up their operations, spend more on innovative practices and develop more sustainable practices. That, in turn, leads to a positive societal impact by reducing overall resource consumption, waste generation, environmental degradation and unemployment. Thus, the performance of circular economy-focused organisations in the stock market can have direct and indirect impacts on multiple SDGs. JEL Codes: G10, R11
Investigation of perceived parental attitude in children exposed to sexual abuse: A case-control study
Authors: Bayrak Nurten Gülsüm , Emirza Elif Güzide , Uzun Sevda 
Published: September 2024

Background: The enduring impact of children being subjected to sexual abuse is characterized by lasting traumatic effects. Aims: This study aims to assess the influence of perceived parental attitudes on the incidence of sexual abuse in children who have experienced such abuse, comparing them with a control group. Methods: The research took place at the Child Advocacy Center (CAC) of a hospital in northern Turkey and in the pediatric outpatient clinics of the same institution. The study evaluated 101 children who were exposed to sexual abuse and 100 children who were not. Data collection took place between November 2022 and August 2023. The study employed a ‘Descriptive Information Form’ and the ‘Parental Attitude Scale’ for both case and control groups. The t-test for independent samples, descriptive statistics, and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: Analysis of scores from the Parental Attitude Scale revealed significantly lower mean scores in acceptance-involvement and strictness-supervision in the case group ( p < .05). The mean scores for ‘acceptance-involvement’ ( X¯ = 22.82 ± 6.26, X¯ = 25.71 ± 3.89) were highest in the case and control groups. Neglectful attitude (38.6%) was more prevalent in the case group, while the control group exhibited a higher frequency of democratic attitude (37%). In terms of predictors, acceptance-involvement ( OR = 1.091, p = .005) and maternal employment ( OR = 4.410, p < .001) were identified as the most significant predictors of exposed to sexual abuse. The study’s Cronbach’s alpha value for the scale was α = .743. Conclusion: The study’s findings on parental attitudes suggest a potential connection between children’s exposure to sexual abuse and inadequate parental acceptance, involvement, supervision, and control.
Navigating Grief in the Realm of Patient Mortality: Insights from Trainee Doctors from a Tertiary Medical Hospital in India— A Qualitative Study
Authors: Katti Aishwarya R. , Nandanikar Akash R. , Karthikeyan Aditya , Venkataramu Vyjayanthi Nittur , Shankarappa Mohan Raju , Thyloth Murali 
Published: September 2024

Background: Physician grief, as defined by Kenneth Doka as disenfranchised grief, refers to “the grief that individuals experience when they incur a loss that is not openly acknowledged, publicly mourned, or socially supported.” The experience of patient deaths on the emotional health of young doctors is unknown. The after-effects like stress, anxiety, burnout, depression, and others indirectly have a potential impact on decision-making and patient care. The study aims to shed light on this underexplored dimension and advocate for appropriate training and support to promote physician well-being. Methods: A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was used to help explore the lived experience of trainee doctors confronted with patient deaths. The data collection was done through focused group discussions (FGDs) with three groups of trainee doctors. A semi-structured interview guide was framed and focused on their experiences of initial reactions, coping, reflections, and unmet needs among participants. Each interview was manually coded, organized into subthemes, and further into larger themes. All authors agreed upon themes and subthemes. Results: The findings are elaborated with necessary quotes taken from the transcripts of the FGDs. The main themes identified were (a) Losing a patient’s emotions behind the screen, (b) Psychological and Environmental battles, and (c) Identifying lacunae and expressing unmet needs. Conclusion: The study findings were corroborated by concepts of disenfranchised grief, iatrogenic distress, emotionally unavailable doctors, and poor coping abilities. It also advocates for protocols and proactive measures to support interns and resident doctors.
Influencing laser shock peening treatment of the mechanical, tribological, corrosion, and microstructural characteristics on AA5052 alloy
Authors: Sarukasan D , Thirumavalavan K 
Published: September 2024

This study examines the effects of laser shock peening parameters on the structural, mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties of AA5052 aluminum alloy. The LSP process uses specific parameters, detailed in Table 2, to induce ultra-high plastic strains and strain rates in the material. The research demonstrates significant improvements in both surface hardness (48.29% increase) and tensile strength (24.63% increase) for the optimized LSP conditions. The treatment results in a maximum compressive residual stress of 231.02 MPa near the surface, concentrated within a depth of 100 μm. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the formation of Mg2Al3 (β) precipitates on the LSP surface, along with peak broadening and shifting indicative of residual stress. These precipitates, along with the high dislocation density caused by severe plastic deformation during LSP, are contributed to the enhanced mechanical properties. Electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy observations on the LSP-treated AA5052 confirm the introduction of dislocation shifts, deformation twins, and refinement of grain structure. Additionally, the LSP treatment (1.046 × 10−3 mm/N-m3) significantly improves wear resistance compared to unpeened alloy (4.482 × 10−3 mm/N-m3), with a wear rate reduction of over 76.6% during the linear reciprocating tribometer. Finally, electrochemical corrosion tests demonstrate superior corrosion resistance in LSP-treated AA5052 (corrosion rate of 0.0116 mm/yr) compared to the unpeened alloy (0.0551 mm/yr). This study demonstrates that LSP significantly enhances the mechanical performance and corrosion resistance of AA5052 alloy, establishing it as a valuable candidate for shipbuilding applications that require superior durability.
Can internal cooling radiofrequency catheters with local hypothermia eliminate the need for tumescent anesthesia? A single-center, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Rim Gongmin , Hyun Kwanyong , Cho Deog Gon , Cho Jaemin 
Published: September 2024

Background: Tumescent anesthesia not only prolongs the operation time but also induces postoperative pain, bruising, and swelling. This study investigated the effectiveness and safety of tumescentless RFA using an internal cooling system with a VENISTAR catheter and local hypothermia. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who had undergone RFA for above-knee (AK) great saphenous vein (GSV) between March 2023 and November 2023. We compared the efficacy and safety of tumescentless RFA between group T (conventional tumescent group, n = 50) and group N (non-tumescent group, n = 59). Results: The operative time was shorter in group N than in group T (group N: 31.37 min, group T: 42.31 min, p < .01), with no severe adverse events occurred in either group, such as endovenous heat-induced thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis. Postoperative pain (Group N, 0.53% vs Group T, 0.52%; p = .86), postoperative complications such as bruising (Group N, 6.78% vs Group T, 4%; N= .34) and paresthesia (Group N, 1.7% vs Group T, 6%; p = .27) showed no significant difference between the two groups on postoperative day 10. Conclusion: Tumescentless RFA with internal cooling and local hypothermia shows promising results with minimal complications. This novel approach represents a recent advancement in endovenous RFA that omits additional tumescent anesthesia.
Efficacy and safety of riluzole for treating motor function in rare dyskinesia syndromes: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Rui , Fang Hongli , Shen Yenan , Qiu Mengqiu 
Published: September 2024

Objectives We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of riluzole to treat neurodegenerative dyskinesia in patients, using the Cochrane collaboration guidelines. Methods We searched databases including Medline, Embase, and Cochrane without any language filters. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used as a guideline, and the study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022354627). Results Eleven studies involving 1376 patients were included. There was a significant overall effect of riluzole on changes in motor function scores. However, the level of heterogeneity was I2 = 74%. In the subgroup analyses, there were no significant effects of riluzole on motor scores in hereditary ataxia, Parkinson’s disease, or Huntington’s disease. In the sensitivity analysis, there were no significant effects of riluzole on motor function scores. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in adverse events between the riluzole and placebo groups. Conclusions Although riluzole may not have significant efficacy for improving motor function in neurodegenerative dyskinesia syndromes compared with placebo, it seems to have an acceptable safety profile. Moreover, it may be effective for hereditary ataxia syndromes, although there was a relatively small effect size and limited quality of evidence.
Electroacupuncture alleviates sciatic nerve injury and inhibits autophagy in rats
Authors: Chen Meiling , Xiong He Ran , Hu Yanping , Wang Song , Zhou Fan , Xiang Chao , Zhao Xin 
Published: September 2024

Background: Sciatic nerve injury is a common form of peripheral nerve injury (PNI). It has been suggested that electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation at GB30 and ST36 can improve nerve dysfunction post-PNI. Autophagy is an important factor in the regeneration of sciatic nerves and recovery of motor function. Therefore, we investigated the biological effects of EA and examined whether these were mediated by autophagy in sciatic nerve injury. Methods: Mechanical clamping of the sciatic nerve in Sprague-Dawley rats was performed to establish an experimental model of sciatic nerve injury. EA stimulation was administered once daily for 15 min for seven consecutive days beginning 1 week after successful modeling. The recovery of sciatic nerve function was examined via the sciatic functional index (SFI) test. Morphometric analysis was conducted by staining nerve samples with toluidine blue. Autophagy-associated protein levels were measured via Western blotting. Results: EA stimulation at GB30 and ST36 significantly increased the number of myelinated fibers, axonal and fiber diameters, and the thickness of the myelin sheath in our rat model of sciatic nerve injury. In addition, EA stimulation greatly facilitated nerve regeneration following sciatic nerve injury. Moreover, sciatic nerve injury–induced autophagy was inhibited by EA stimulation. Conclusion: EA facilitates recovery of injured sciatic nerves and inhibits autophagy in a rat model.
Chikusetsusaponin IVa Targets Nrf2 to Inhibit H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Dai Qi , Wu Song-Tao , Zheng Xin , You Peng-Tao , Liu Yan-Wen , Zhao Yuan , Zhang Xiu-Qiao 
Published: September 2024

Background Chikusetsusaponin IVa (CHS) is a triterpenoid saponin that has been demonstrated to possess multiple properties. Purpose This study focused on inhibiting H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) by CHS and investigated the underlying mechanisms, specifically targeting the nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Methods The antiviral activity of CHS was evaluated by determining its half inhibitory concentration and therapeutic index (TI) in vitro. Markers of oxidative stress, encompassing superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels, were assessed. Analyses of pathways from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, followed by network investigation and simulations of molecular docking. Moreover, the effects of CHS on Nrf2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were assessed in human lung carcinoma A549 cells and a mouse model of H9N2 AIV infection. Results CHS showed inhibitory effects on H9N2 AIV in vitro, with TI values of 4.00 (co-treatment) and 6.29 (posttreatment). CHS reduced H9N2 AIV-induced oxidative stress and was predicted to target Nrf2, MAPK/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways, and oxidation–reduction processes. Molecular docking analysis revealed a high affinity between CHS and Nrf2. In A549 cells, CHS enhanced Nrf2 activation, inhibited MAPK signaling, and reduced H9N2 AIV-induced oxidative stress. The therapeutic mechanism of CHS was found to be mediated by Nrf2. In a mouse model, CHS mitigated pulmonary impairment, improving the organism’s antioxidant activity. CHS also regulated the Nrf2 and MAPK signaling pathways in lung tissue. Conclusion CHS inhibits H9N2 AIV and alleviates virus-induced oxidative stress by targeting the Nrf2 signaling pathway. These observations lay the groundwork for devising prospective therapeutic interventions targeting H9N2 AIV infection.