bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of vegetation and soil characteristics on active‐layer thickness of permafrost soils in boreal forest
Authors: Fisher James P. , Estop‐Aragonés Cristian , Thierry Aaron , Charman Dan J. , Wolfe Stephen A. , Hartley Iain P. , Murton Julian B. , Williams Mathew , Phoenix Gareth K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCarbon release from thawing permafrost soils could significantly exacerbate global warming as the active‐layer deepens, exposing more carbon to decay. Plant community and soil properties provide a major control on this by influencing the maximum depth of thaw each summer (active‐layer thickness;ALT), but a quantitative understanding of the relative importance of plant and soil characteristics, and their interactions in determineALTs, is currently lacking. To address this, we undertook an extensive survey of multiple vegetation and edaphic characteristics andALTs across multiple plots in four field sites within boreal forest in the discontinuous permafrost zone (NWT, Canada). Our sites included mature black spruce, burned black spruce and paper birch, allowing us to determine vegetation and edaphic drivers that emerge as the most important and broadly applicable across these key vegetation and disturbance gradients, as well as providing insight into site‐specific differences. Across sites, the most important vegetation characteristics limiting thaw (shallowerALTs) were tree leaf area index (LAI), moss layer thickness and understoryLAIin that order. Thicker soil organic layers also reducedALTs, though were less influential than moss thickness. Surface moisture (0–6 cm) promoted increasedALTs, whereas deeper soil moisture (11–16 cm) acted to modify the impact of the vegetation, in particular increasing the importance of understory or tree canopy shading in reducing thaw. These direct and indirect effects of moisture indicate that future changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration may have large influences onALTs. Our work also suggests that forest fires cause greaterALTs by simultaneously decreasing multiple ecosystem characteristics which otherwise protect permafrost. Given that vegetation and edaphic characteristics have such clear and large influences onALTs, our data provide a key benchmark against which to evaluate process models used to predict future impacts of climate warming on permafrost degradation and subsequent feedback to climate.
Determinants of the nutritional status of older adults in urban Lebanon
Authors: Mitri Rosy , Boulos Christa , Adib Salim M 
Published: February 2016

AimTo assess the nutritional status, and its association with sociodemographic factors, health and functional status of community‐dwelling older adults living in the Greater Beirut area.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study involving 905 randomly selected community dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years living in Greater Beirut (Beirut and surrounding suburbs). Participants completed a standardized questionnaire on sociodemographic factors, health characteristics, and functional and nutritional status, based on the Mini Nutritional Assessment.ResultsAmong the older adults who participated in the study, 2.8% (95% CI 0.01–0.03) were malnourished, and 45.5% (95% CI 0.42–0.48) were at risk of malnutrition. Sociodemographic variables were not associated with the nutritional status. Variables significantly associated with poorer nutritional status were: poor perception of general health (OR 1.58, 95%CI 1.28–1.97), more chronic diseases (OR 2.05, 95% CI1.26–3.33), poor perception of oral health (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.14–1.61), depressive disorders (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.30–2.40), higher body mass index (OR 1.98, 95% CI1.67–2.34) and disability (OR 5.80, 95% CI 1.96–17.11).ConclusionsThe present study showed an unacceptable risk of malnutrition among Lebanese older adults, independent of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The presence of comorbidities, treated or not, affecting general and oral health emerged as major determinants of poor nutrition. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 424–432.
Ranking Authors and Institutions by Publications in Regional Science Journals: 2010–2014
Authors: Rickman Dan S. , Winters John V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper, authors and institutions are ranked based on the number of publications in 10 core regional science journals during the period 2010–2014. Alternative rankings are constructed by considering only publications in the top four of the 10 journals and also by adjusting for journal impact factors. Two impact factors are calculated for each regional science journal. The first is based on citations by the other nine core regional science journals, and the second by citations from all journals in the database Scopus. Discussion is included regarding the patterns and consistency of the rankings across alternative criteria. Comparisons also are made to previous regional science publication rankings of authors and institutions.
The Case of the Woman Who Did Never Dare to Fly: Headache Attributed to Imbalance Between Intrasinusal and External Air Pressure
Authors: Mainardi Federico , Maggioni Ferdinando , Zanchin Giorgio 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundA new form of headache, Headache attributed to aeroplane travel (AH), has been recognized within the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 beta (ICHD‐3beta). In 8 out of 85 AH cases we identified the coexistence of a headache with identical features of AH, but appearing during the rapid descent by car from a high mountain. Pain began shortly after the rapid descent from a medium altitude of 1920 m above sea level, the maximum peak of intensity developing within a few minutes. All of the patients reported the disappearance of pain within 20 minutes of the rapid descent.CaseWe recently observed a 36‐year‐old woman who experienced recurrent headache attacks that were constantly triggered by rapid descent from high altitude by car. Negatively shaped by this experience, the patient never dared to fly.ConclusionHeadache attacks sharing the same features and occurring in three distinct conditions of pressure variations (aeroplane travel, rapid altitude mountain descent, snorkelling, or scuba diving) have already been reported, although the last two only anecdotally. If confirmed by further case series, they could be gathered together in a unique heading: Headache attributed to imbalance between intrasinusal and external air pressure within the 10th chapter: Headache attributed to disorders of the homoeostasis.
Optimisation for resveratrol accumulation during peanut germination with phenylalanine feeding & ultrasound‐treatment using response surface methodology
Authors: Yu Miao , Liu Hongzhi , Yang Ying , Shi Aimin , Liu Li , Hui Hui , Wang Qiang 
Published: February 2016

SummaryGerminated peanut has been used as a novel functional food these days, which has almost six times trans‐resveratrol to peanut seeds. Resveratrol is a natural occurring stilbene phytoalexin phenolic compound produced in response to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the effects of ultrasonic treatments and phenylalanine feeding simultaneously on enhancing resveratrol during peanut germination. The influences of germinal time, phenylalanine concentration as well as ultrasound frequency, treatment temperature and time on resveratrol accumulation in germinated peanut were studied, respectively. Subsequently, based on Box–Behnken design, interactive effects of the phenylalanine feeding & ultrasound parameters were evaluated. The optimum conditions for resveratrol accumulation were as follows: phenylalanine concentration at 0.8 mm, ultrasonic power at 240 W, ultrasonic treatment time at 30 min and ultrasonic treatment temperature at 35 °C. Using the optimum condition, resveratrol concentration in germinated peanuts reached 36.99 μg g−1 (DW), which was almost 9.4 times higher than that in the nongerminating peanut.
MicroRNA signatures characterizing caste‐independent ovarian activity in queen and worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)
Authors: Macedo L. M. F. , Nunes F. M. F. , Freitas F. C. P. , Pires C. V. , Tanaka E. D. , Martins J. R. , Piulachs M.‐D. , Cristino A. S. , Pinheiro D. G. , Simões Z. L. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractQueen and worker honeybees differ profoundly in reproductive capacity. The queen of this complex society, with 200 highly active ovarioles in each ovary, is the fertile caste, whereas the workers have approximately 20 ovarioles as a result of receiving a different diet during larval development. In a regular queenright colony, the workers have inactive ovaries and do not reproduce. However, if the queen is sensed to be absent, some of the workers activate their ovaries, producing viable haploid eggs that develop into males. Here, a deep‐sequenced ovary transcriptome library of reproductive workers was used as supporting data to assess the dynamic expression of the regulatory molecules and microRNAs (miRNAs) of reproductive and nonreproductive honeybee females. In this library, most of the differentially expressed miRNAs are related to ovary physiology or oogenesis. When we quantified the dynamic expression of 19 miRNAs in the active and inactive worker ovaries and compared their expression in the ovaries of virgin and mated queens, we noted that some miRNAs (miR‐1, miR‐31a, miR‐13b, miR‐125, let‐7 RNA, miR‐100, miR‐276, miR‐12, miR‐263a, miR‐306, miR‐317, miR‐92a and miR‐9a) could be used to identify reproductive and nonreproductive statuses independent of caste. Furthermore, integrative gene networks suggested that some candidate miRNAs function in the process of ovary activation in worker bees.
Understanding Transit Asylum Migration: Evidence from Serbia
Authors: Lukić Vesna 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDue to its geographic location and borders along the European Union (EU), in recent years, the Republic of Serbia has faced an increased number of irregular migrants from third‐world countries claiming asylum on their way into a western EU member state. Some of these migrants stay for a while in asylum centres in Serbia to rest or renew contacts. In order to explore the main socio‐demographic features of the study population, their migration history and intentions, a questionnaire‐based research was conducted in Banja Koviljača asylum centre. The results also give insights into the underlying question “how” and the role of social networks in migration. Most of asylum seekers are unmarried males at peak working age, from countries affected by war and political turmoil. The results indicate this is a transit migration where, besides fleeing to safety, economic status and migration networks have a significant impact on migration flows.
DNA methylation and mRNA expression of HLA‐DQA1 alleles in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cepek Pavel , Zajacova Marta , Kotrbova‐Kozak Anna , Silhova Elena , Cerna Marie 
Published: February 2016

SummaryType 1 diabetes (T1D) belongs among polygenic multifactorial autoimmune diseases. The highest risk is associated with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes, including HLA‐DQA1 gene. Our aim was to investigate DNA methylation of HLA‐DQA1 promoter alleles (QAP) and correlate methylation status with individual HLA‐DQA1 allele expression of patients with T1D and healthy controls. DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic modifications that regulate gene expression and is known to be shaped by the environment.Sixty one patients with T1D and 39 healthy controls were involved in this study. Isolated DNA was treated with sodium bisulphite and HLA‐DQA1 promoter sequence was amplified using nested PCR. After sequencing, DNA methylation of HLA‐DQA1 promoter alleles was analysed. Individual mRNA HLA‐DQA1 relative allele expression was assessed using two different endogenous controls (PPIA, DRA). We have found statistically significant differences in HLA‐DQA1 allele 02:01 expression (PPIA normalization, Pcorr = 0·041; DRA normalization, Pcorr = 0·052) between healthy controls and patients with T1D. The complete methylation profile of the HLA‐DQA1 promoter was gained with the most methylated allele DQA1*02:01 and the least methylated DQA1*05:01 in both studied groups. Methylation profile observed in patients with T1D and healthy controls was similar, and no correlation between HLA‐DQA1 allele expression and DNA methylation was found. Although we have not proved significant methylation differences between the two groups, detailed DNA methylation status and its correlation with expression of each HLA‐DQA1 allele in patients with T1D have been described for the first time.
Contracts choice for supply chain under inflation
Authors: Wan Nana , Chen Xu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInflation causes an increase in the retail price and a decrease in the market demand, both arise from the problem of seasonal product management and occur during the long production lead time. As an effective tool for hedging against the risks, option contracts, including call, put, and bidirectional option contracts, have been proved to benefit two members in a one‐supplier and one‐retailer supply chain under inflation. The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of different option contacts on the decisions and performances for both the supplier and the retailer under inflation. Our results suggest that the retailer prefers adopting portfolio contracts with bidirectional options under inflation, whereas the supplier is inclined to provide call option contracts under inflation. Our study also reveals that call option contracts are implemented ultimately by the supply chain under inflation because of the supplier's market dominant position.
Ni‐Ti Codoped Hibonite Ceramic Pigments by Combustion Synthesis: Crystal Structure and Optical Properties
Authors: Ardit Matteo , Borcănescu Silvana , Cruciani Giuseppe , Dondi Michele , Lazău Ioan , Păcurariu Cornelia , Zanelli Chiara 
Published: February 2016

Hibonite (CaAl12O19, space group [s.g.] P63/mmc) has the structural formula A[XII]M1[VI] M2[V]M32[IV]M42[VI]M56[VI]O19, where Ca is 12‐fold coordinated at site A and Al3+ ions are distributed over five different sites: three distinct octahedra [M1 (point symmetry D3d), M4 (C3v) and M5 (Cs)], the M3 tetrahedron (C3v), and the unusual fivefold coordinated trigonal bipyramid M2 (D3h). Hibonite is able to accommodate a wide range of ions with different valence and coordination, making its structure a promising ceramic pigment. One of the main challenges is to understand and control incorporation mechanisms and the threshold of chromophores solubility. It is known that M2+ ions tend to be hosted at the M3 site, while M4+ ions are preferentially accommodated at the M4 site: the introduction of divalent ions might be promoted by the associated incorporation of tetravalent cations, which ensure the lattice electroneutrality and are ordered over the M4 face‐sharing octahedral dimers. In this work, the mechanism of the coupled substitution 2Al3+→(Ni2++Ti4+) was investigated by combining X‐ray powder diffraction and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy techniques. Hibonite turquoise pigments with increasing Ni+Ti doping (CaAl12‒2xNixTixO19 where x = 0.1‒2.0 apfu) were prepared by combustion synthesis, utilizing a fuel mixture (urea, glycine, β‐alanine) set up according to their compatibility with metal nitrates used as raw materials. The ignition temperature of combustion reaction was 400°C, but samples underwent an additional annealing at 1200°C. Samples up to x = 0.4 are monophasic; for higher doping, hibonite is the main component accompanied by growing percentages of spinel and perovskite phases. The Ni and Ti addition induced a regular increase in the hibonite unit‐cell parameters until x = 1.0, that is proportional to the amount and difference in ionic radii of dopants. In particular, an elongation of the 〈M–O〉 bond distances of both M3 and M4 sites was observed. In terms of optical parameters, Ni2+ is preferentially incorporated in tetrahedral coordination, up to 0.3 apfu at the M3 site, and at the M4 octahedron as well (up to 0.19 apfu). The crystal field strength of fourfold coordinated Ni2+ is regularly decreasing, implying an elongation of the local Ni–O bond that is coherent with the volume increasing from AlO4 to NiO4 tetrahedra registered by XRD. Ti4+ ions are accommodated at both the M2 and M4 octahedra which expand proportionally to the amount of dopants. Pigment purity and color strength vary with doping depending on the multistep mechanism of Ni and Ti incorporation in the hibonite lattice.
Lattice Defects Induce Multiferroic Responses in Ce, La‐Substituted BaFe0.01Ti0.99O3 Nanostructures
Authors: Verma Kuldeep Chand , Kotnala Ravinder Kumar 
Published: February 2016

Single‐phase multiferroic Ba(Fe0.67Ce0.33)0.01Ti0.99O3 (BFTO:Ce) and Ba(Fe0.67La0.33)0.01Ti0.99O3 (BFTO:La) nanostructures were synthesized by a hydrothermal method (180°C/48 h). Rietveld refinement of X‐ray diffraction could confirm crystalline phase and lattice deformation by Ce, La into BFTO. The Ce and La doping induce nanoaggregation‐type BFTO nanostructural product due to their ionic size effect and chemical behavior with OH− ions. Raman active modes show tetragonal phase and defects due to vacancies in the BFTO lattice. Photoluminescence spectrum involves multiple visible emissions due to defects/vacancies. The observed ferroelectric polarization is enhanced due to shape/size effect of nanoparticles, lattice distortion, and filling of d orbital in the perovskite BaTiO3. The room‐temperature magnetic behavior is described due to antiferromagnetic interactions that strengthen by Ce and La doping. The zero‐field cooling and field cooling magnetic measurement at 500 Oe indicates antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic transition. Dynamic magnetoelectric coupling was investigated, and maximum longitudinal magnetoelectric coefficient is 62.65 and 49.79 mV/cmOe, respectively, measured for BFTO:Ce and BFTO:La. The magnetocapacitance measurements induce negative values that described in terms of magnetoresistance and magnetic phase transition effects. The influence of oxygen vacancy on multiferroicity is evaluated by valance states of O ions.
From Social Values to P‐Values: The Social Epistemology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Authors: John Stephen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this article I ask two questions prompted by the phenomenon of ‘politically patterned’ climate change denial. First, can an individual's political commitments provide her with good reasons not to defer to cognitive experts’ testimony? Building on work in philosophy of science on inductive risk, I argue they can. Second, can an individual's political commitments provide her with good reasons not to defer to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's testimony? I argue that they cannot (at least, in the way identified in the first part of the article), because of the high epistemic standards which govern that body's assertions. The conclusion discusses the theoretical and practical implications of my arguments.
Divide and Rule Better: On Subsidiarity, Legitimacy and the Epistemic Aim of Political Decision‐Making
Authors: Allard‐Tremblay Yann 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHow should a political society be structured so as to legitimately distribute political power? One principle advanced to answer this question is the principle of subsidiarity. According to this principle, the default locus of political power is with the lowest competent political unit. This article argues that subsidiarity is a structural principle of a conception of political legitimacy informed by epistemic considerations. Broadly, the argument is that political societies organised according to the principle of subsidiarity can more effectively achieve political decisions that can justifiably appear to be correct from the point of view of those subject to them. The article presents two considerations in order to establish a pro tanto case for acting separately before presenting five additional epistemic considerations that establish a prima facie case for acting separately. The article then shows that political legitimacy and the epistemic aim of decision‐making can sometimes be served more effectively and efficiently by allowing higher‐level political units to assist lower‐level political units.
Comparison Between the Kinetics of Conventional Maceration and A Cyclic Pressurization Extraction Process for the Production of Lemon Liqueur Using A Numerical Model
Authors: Naviglio Daniele , Formato Andrea , Vitulano Manuela , Cozzolino Imma , Ferrara Lydia , Zanoelo Everton Fernando , Gallo Monica 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare two extraction processes for the production of lemon liqueur (limoncello)—the traditional maceration of lemon peels and a cyclically pressurized extraction process also known as rapid solid‐liquid dynamic extraction (RSLDE) that uses a Naviglio extractor. To evaluate the extraction efficiency of the two processes, dry matter obtained by the evaporation of the extracts was used to construct kinetics curves. The dry matter was directly proportional to the amount of the active principle (terpenes) extracted and consequently to the total concentration. Alcoholic extracts were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) to monitor the extraction kinetics for major components of the terpene fraction and for minor components of essential oils. Moreover, alcoholic extracts were analysed by UV spectrophotometry to identify the more abundant chemical species, while the organoleptic tests (i.e., a consumer test) performed on the final product (limoncello) provided an indication of the taste of the final product and revealed features undetectable with instrumental analytical techniques. To better understand the phenomenon considered, a numerical simulation was performed to evaluate and compare the matter flow of extractable compounds during the process.Practical ApplicationsThe mathematical model shown in this work is a scientific novelty because it is not reported in the previous literature. Indeed, the curves obtained from the kinetic analysis of the two solid‐liquid extraction procedures were interpolated to obtain a numerical model, which regulated the two extraction processes. Comparison between the kinetics of the extraction procedures showed that the rapid solid‐liquid dynamic extraction (RSLDE) process was 120 times faster than maceration and had a greater efficiency in a short time. Finally, a method proposed to follow the kinetics of the dilution of alcohol by water contained in the peels using the Karl Fisher titration method was important for establishing the alcoholic content of the beverage.