bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sediment phosphorus forms and levels in two tropical floodplain wetlands
Authors: Samanta Srikanta , Debnath Debashri , Maitra Nilanjan , Banerjee Moumita , Chowdhury Atalanta Narayan , Sharma Anil Prakash , Manna Sanjib Kumar 
Published: October 2017

Inorganic phosphorus is one of the critical nutrients determining trophic state and freshwater productivity. Sediment may act as a sink or source of phosphorus to the overlying water depending on its pH, redox state, various forms of phosphorus present, etc. To examine potential sorption or mobilization of sediment phosphorus in floodplain wetlands, the amount and distribution of phosphorus fractions were evaluated using a sequential chemical extraction procedure. Exceedingly high levels of total phosphorus (mean: 6040 ± 344, 5470 ± 363 mg kg−1), consisting largely of organic and refractory fraction (70 – 98%), followed by calcium-phosphorus (mean: 584 ± 31.3, 143 ± 8.42 mg kg−1) and iron-phosphorus (mean: 108 ± 10.1, 91.0 ± 7.68 mg kg−1) were recorded respectively in Bhomra and Akaipur wetlands of West Bengal, India. The inorganic phosphorus, comprising the loosely sorbed phosphorus and all the mineral bound forms contributed only about 6–14% to the total phosphorus indicating their less significance in phosphorus sorption or desorption in these tropical wetlands. Although the loosely sorbed phosphorus was in moderate level (2.69 ± 0.69, 1.54 ± 0.53 mg kg−1), water dissolved phosphorus was recorded at higher concentrations (mean: 0.16 ± 0.02 mg l−1 in Akaipur and 1.08 ± 0.12 mg l−1 in Bhomra). However, the higher level of water available phosphorus was not reflected in plankton production since the dominance of weeds suppresses their growth. This study recorded large accumulation of organic matter and nutrients in the form of detritus in these wetlands which may be channelized for fish production through stocking of suitable detritivorous fishes and/or reducing macrophyte coverage that would give space and nutrients for phytoplankton growth.
High-frequency variability of latent-heat flux in the South China Sea
Authors: Shi Rui , Zeng Lili , Wang Xin , Sui Dandan 
Published: October 2017

Synoptic-scale disturbances of latent-heat flux in the South China Sea are examined using Xisha automatic weather station measurements and satellite-derived daily latent heat-flux datasets. The power spectra of observations suggest a synoptic feature with a pronounced energy peak at a period of 4–8 days, comparable with the timescales of the atmospheric synoptic variabilities in the region. The characteristics of the synoptic latent-heat flux variations in summer are remarkably different from those in winter. The amplitudes of significant synoptic oscillations are about 20 and 40 W·m−2 during summer and winter monsoons, respectively. An active monsoon is clearly correlated with positive and negative phases of the synoptic latent-heat flux oscillations in the South China Sea. Using a composite analysis, some fundamental features of the synoptic latent-heat flux variabilities were revealed. In summer, the synoptic-scale latent-heat flux fluctuations are highly correlated with wind speed. While the synoptic variations of winds were removed during summer, the latent-heat anomalies precede about 1 day. In winter, however, they are primarily associated with winds and near-surface air humidity. When the synoptic oscillations of near-surface air humidity are removed, the amplitude of the composite latent-heat flux is reduced by 70%.
Aquatic vegetation trends from 1992 to 2012 in Hamilton Harbour and Cootes Paradise, Lake Ontario
Authors: Leisti K. E. , Theÿsmeÿer T. , Doka S. E. , Court A. 
Published: October 2017

Over the past two hundred years, anthropogenic activities have resulted in the substantial decline of the once extensive wetlands in both Hamilton Harbour and Cootes Paradise. Some of the key stressors for aquatic vegetation have been infilling, sustained high water levels and level regulation in Lake Ontario, and reduced water clarity because of eutrophication and suspended sediments. Designated an Area of Concern in 1985, remediation efforts have included upgrades to the sewage treatment plants discharging into the harbour to reduce eutrophication and the 1996 construction of a fish barrier to exclude large Carp from entering Cootes Paradise to reduce turbidity. Over the past ten years, Cootes Paradise has seen a 120% increase in the areal extent of emergent vegetation, but this still represents less than 20% of the circa 1900's marsh area. Despite substantial reductions in Carp density in Cootes Paradise, submerged aquatic vegetation has been sparse and typically found at depths of less than 0.5 m, likely because of impaired light penetration.
Following a significant improvement in water clarity in Hamilton Harbour between 1987 and 1997, submerged aquatic vegetation in the harbour proper expanded, achieving a mean maximum depth of 2.9 m in 2012. Species richness was considerably lower in Hamilton Harbour when compared to Cootes Paradise; however, the species composition in both these areas indicated degraded conditions throughout the time period of our assessment. Using our recent dataset, we tested relationships that had been previously established in the literature between emergent extent and water levels for Cootes Paradise and also the connection between maximum depth of submergent colonization and Secchi depths but simple univariate tests were not significant. A combination of small sample size, simple tests, and a small range for the independent variable may be issues in establishing simplified response relationships and are likely oversimplifications of vegetation response in the area that require more complex modelling.
Integration of best management practices in the Bay of Quinte watershed with the phosphorus dynamics in the receiving waterbody: What do the models predict?
Authors: Arhonditsis George B. , Kim Dong-Kyun , Shimoda Yuko , Zhang Weitao , Watson Sue , Mugalingam Shan , Dittrich Maria , Geater Kristin , McClure Christine , Keene Bryon , Morley Andrew , Richards Agnes , Long Tanya , Rao Yerubandi R. , Kalinauskas Rimi 
Published: October 2017

We present a modelling analysis of the management practices that could lead to significant reduction of phosphorus export from the Bay of Quinte watershed and an evaluation of the overall uncertainty associated with the assessment of the Beneficial Use Impairment Eutrophication and Undesirable Algae. Our work highlights the internal recycling as one of the key drivers of phosphorus dynamics in the Bay. The flow from the Trent River is the predominant driver of the upper Bay dynamics until the main stem of the middle area however, the sediments in the same segment release a significant amount of phosphorus and the corresponding fluxes are likely amplified by the macrophyte and dreissenid activity. From a management standpoint, the presence of a significant positive feedback loop in the upper Bay suggests that the anticipated benefits of additional reductions of the exogenous point and non-point loading may not be realized within a reasonable time frame (i.e. 5—10 years). Our analysis of nutrient loading scenarios shows that the restoration pace of the Bay could be slow, even if the riverine total phosphorus concentrations reach levels significantly lower than their contemporary values, &lt;25 µg TP l−1. We believe that the on-going management decisions, monitoring, and modelling should also explicitly consider the role and broader ramifications of internal phosphorus loading into the system. The anticipated lessons from such a multi-faceted exercise are a unique aspect of the Bay of Quinte ecosystem because of the long history of research and monitoring data. This study can produce transferable knowledge to other systems worldwide, experiencing similar hysteresis patterns associated with internal nutrient loading.
Mud Crab (Scylla serrata) population changes in Koggala Lagoon, Sri Lanka since construction of the groyne system
Authors: Amarasekara G. P. , Priyadarshana T. , Manatunge J. , Tanaka N. , Gunaratne G. L. 
Published: October 2017

This study was conducted to determine the present status of the Mud Crab (Scylla serrata Forskal) population in Koggala Lagoon, including details on size at maturity, sex ratio and carapace width - body weight relationship. This Crab is the most common edible Crab species found in the lagoon, comprising 93.10% of total catch from crab pots and 89.86% of total catch from crab nets. Sex ratios (male:female) were 1:0.86 and 1:0.82 in crab pots and nets, respectively. Female crabs of various sizes were randomly sampled to determine size at maturity. The results indicate that size at maturity of females was 12.17 cm carapace width. Size at maturity of males could not be determined using external characteristics. Population parameters were estimated from length-frequency data collected in 2009 and 2011. Asymptotic carapace length (L∞) and growth constant (K) were estimated to be 20.12 cm, 0.91 yr−1 in 2009 and 19.27 cm, 3.2 yr−1 in 2011, respectively. Exploitation rates were 0.32 in 2009 and 0.44 in 2011. There was a significant difference in Crab size between harvests by the crab nets versus traditional crab pots. Results indicate that S. serrata population is declining due to over-fishing as of increased fishing gear efficiency from traditional crab pots to modern crab nets. Commercial catches of crab net and crab pots comprised 85.7% and 72.0% of immature females, respectively, based on the size at first maturity revealed by this study. In order to maintain natural health of the Mud Crab population, immediate management action is needed to regulate fishing in Koggala Lagoon.
Seasonal variations of sea level anomaly in the subtropical front zone based on satellite-derived data from 2003–2009
Authors: Qiu Chunhua , Chen Jie , Shangguan Maosen , Mao Huabin 
Published: October 2017

We investigated seasonal variations in the sea level anomaly in the northwestern Pacific subtropical front zone using weekly satellite-derived products and in situ observations from 2003 to 2009. The sea level anomalies had different seasonal cycles in the cold, front and warm zones. In the former two zones, peak values appeared (∼15 cm) in July–August and hollow values (∼−10 cm) in February–March; in the warm zone, sea level anomalies had no apparent seasonal variations. We found that the correlation between sea level anomaly and sea surface temperature reached values of 0.76 in the cold and front zones, but only 0.38 in the warm zone. The steric height anomaly explained 70% variances of sea level anomaly in the former two zones but only 25% in the warm zone. We examined the mechanisms of the different patterns of sea level anomaly variation among the three different zones and concluded that the steric height anomaly induced by air–sea heat exchanges controlled the seasonal variations of sea level anomaly in the former two zones, while the barotropic term accompanied with subtropical countercurrent lead to the obscure seasonal variations in the warm zone. These high frequency variations merit future study.
Status of macrobenthic diversity and distribution in Subei Shoal, China
Authors: Xu Yong , Li Xinzheng , Wang Hongfa , Zhang Baolin 
Published: October 2017

Five cruise surveys were carried out in May–June 2013 to evaluate the status of macrobenthic diversity and distribution in Subei Shoal, China. Twenty-four stations were sampled and divided into four groups according to depth (5–10 m, 10–20 m, 20–30 m and 30–35 m). A total of 163 species were collected with Polychaeta dominating in species composition and abundance. All of the community parameters (abundance, biomass, mean species richness, Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou's evenness) were not significantly different among the five cruises or among the four groups, except that Shannon-Wiener index at 5–10 m was significantly lower than that in other depth groups. No significant difference in community structure was detected among cruises, but when the data from the same station were pooled together, significant differences among stations were observed basically from inshore to offshore. The benthic opportunistic polychaetes amphipods index showed four stations having moderate ecological status in Subei Shoal. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that Sigambra bassi and Praxillella sp. were positively correlated with depth and salinity, and Paralacydonia paradoxa was positively correlated with dissolved oxygen.
Fishery resources of Sabah Al-Ahmad Sea City waterways: A potential contributor for Kuwait's fisheries
Authors: Nithyanandan Manickam , Jones David A. , Esseen Martin 
Published: October 2017

Recent reports demonstrate that Arabian Gulf Shellfish and Finfish fisheries are in serious decline, in particular those of Kuwait. This decline is attributed to over fishing, pollution, loss of nursery ground, reduction in riverine input via the Shatt Al-Arab, and climate change. When completed in 2018, Sabah Al-Ahmad Sea City, Kuwait, will contain circa 200 km of waterways providing over 50% of extra coast line for Kuwait. Seine netting and gargoor traps have been deployed annually, since the first phase (A1) of this coastal township was opened to the sea in 2004, to monitor Shell and Fin fish populations within the waterways. Present work describes the diversity and abundance of commercial (edible and potential ornamental value) species now inhabiting the waterways, which comprise over 60% of the species marketed in Kuwait. Analysis of catch data reveals that the waterways act as spawning, nursery and feeding habitats for important species such as Epinephelus coioides (Orange-Spotted Grouper), Penaeus semisulcatus (Banana Shrimp) and Portunus segnis (Blue Swimming Crab). As no commercial fishing is allowed, the Sea City waterways act as a significant conservation area for Kuwait's fish stocks.
Abundance and composition of marine litter around Gökçeada Island (Northern Aegean Sea)
Authors: Gönülal Onur , Öz İdil , Güreşen Sedat Ozan , Öztürk Bayram 
Published: October 2017

Marine debris are frequently studied on beaches and occasionally in coastal waters, but links between these two environments have rarely been studied. Litter items were collected by hand in the Gökçeada beaches supralittoral zone, consisting of sandy or rocky beaches, and collected from subtidal areas between 50–450 m depth range on the continental shelf with bottom trawling. Collected litter were sorted and categorized by type, usage and origin. On the beaches, litter density varied from 0.1 to 22.1 items per 100 m2. Plastic materials dominated the composition of waste materials (59%) followed by soft plastic, nylon (11.5%). Eight percent of litter was of foreign in origin coming from two countries (Greece and Bulgaria). Offshore, during 32 hauls only 12 items were collected, and the number of debris ranged from 0 to 1.6 items km−2. Gökçeada Island should be further monitored in order to develop regional marine litter management solutions.
Patterns of fish diversity, community structure and ecological integrity of River Yamuna, India
Authors: Sharma A. P. , Das M. K. , Vass K. K. , Tyagi R. K. 
Published: October 2017

The Yamuna River, one of the most important and sacred rivers of the northern plains of India, is highly polluted. The river originates at the Yamunotri glacier, traverses 120 km to emerge onto the Indo-Gangetic plains at Dakpathar in Uttarakhand, and finally joins the Ganges River at Allahabad after traversing 1376 km. During 2007–2010 this study assessed the fish diversity, community structure, and ecological status in a 1200 km stretch of the river from Dakpathar to Allahabad. The waters were alkaline (pH 7.6–8.0). Dissolved oxygen was high at most sites (7.3–9.8 mg l−1), except at Wazirabad and Agra (3.4–3.7 mg l−1). A total of 143 fish species were recorded in the river. Cyprinidae was the most abundant family followed by Schilbeidae, Bagridae, and Sisoridae, respectively. The abundance was dominated by 48 species with = &gt; 250 individuals caught. The highest intersite species similarities were recorded between Yamunanagar and Panipat, followed by Wazirabad and Hamirpur, and Yamunanagar and Allahabad. The middle stretch of the river was dominated by small-bodied erytopic, indigenous, and exotic fish species with periodic and opportunistic life history strategies, and had reduced abundances of the large–bodied, prized Indian Major Carps. A trophic shift towards dominance of carnivore catfish species was evident. Multivariate analysis indicated 83.50% of the total variability in species composition in the river could be attributed to gradients of the environmental variables: dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, stream velocity, and water temperature.
Insufficient flows in the middle stretch of the river have altered fish habitat availability, resulting in changes in fish composition and assemblage patterns. The study will aid efforts to conserve the aquatic communities and their habitats in the river.
Fisheries of Indian Shad (Tenualosa ilisha) in the Hooghly–Bhagirathi stretch of the Ganga River system
Authors: Bhaumik Utpal 
Published: October 2017

Tenualosa ilisha, the Indian Shad, is one of the most important commercial fish of the Indo-Pacific region and the Hilsa fishery in India is dependent on this species. Presently, the fishery resource of the species lies largely within the Bhagirathi–Hooghly component of the Ganga River system. The annual fish catch of Hilsa from the Bhagirathi–Hooghly River has fluctuated over the years ranging between 12,733 and 20,000 t between 2000–2001 and 2010–2012.
The monsoon migration of Hilsa commences in July and gradually picks up in August. From September onwards, the magnitude of migration to the freshwater system showed a declining trend. Stretches between Nischintapur and Diamond Harbour downstream, Hooghly Ghat and Kalna in the freshwater tidal zone, and Lalbagh to Farakka in the Bhagirathi River have been delineated as potential breeding grounds for Hilsa. The intense fishing pressure in the coastal estuarine zone almost year round, especially in breeding season, adversely affects the breeding migration, spawning, and recruitment success vis a vis overall fishery of Hilsa in the system. There is an immediate need to implement effective conservation measures to protect breeders, potential breeding grounds, and juveniles for the cause of sustainable Hilsa fishery.
A case study of the Narmada River system in India with particular reference to the impact of dams on its ecology and fisheries
Authors: Bhaumik Utpal , Mukhopadhyay M. K. , Shrivastava N. P. , Sharma A. P. , Singh S. N. 
Published: October 2017

Narmada, the oldest river system in India, originates from Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh, flows east-west, and joins with the Gulf of Cambay on the Arabian Sea. The river drains 45.64 km3 of annual run-off and a series of dams was proposed to hold some of its water resources for multipurpose use. Currently, three dams have been built in Madhya Pradesh and one is under construction in Gujarat. A comparison of pre- and post-impoundment eco-environment and fisheries revealed changes in water quality, productivity, and aquatic flora and fauna of the river system. Among the fish, species like Tor tor, Labeo fimbriatus and Labeo dyocheilus suffered most. The percentage contributions to total yield of Carp, Catfish, and miscellaneous groups have significantly changed, indicating falls of 17%, 36% and an increase of 410%, respectively. Percentage contributions to catches of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Tenualosa ilisha have also declined by 46% and about 75% in the estuarine stretch of the river system. Suitable conservation measures for sustenance and development of fishery have been suggested.
Diversity and conservation status of freshwater fishes of the major rivers of northeast India
Authors: Vishwanath W. 
Published: October 2017

Northeast India has rich freshwater fish diversity which is attributed to past geological history and the Himalayan orogeny which played an important role in the speciation and evolution of groups inhabiting mountain streams. The region is criss-crossed by numerous rivers belonging to the three major drainage systems: the Barak–Brahmaputra, the Kaladan and the Chindwin. About 100 species of fish have been described from the region by workers from India, as well as from other countries. Fish survey tours have been organized in the past 30 years in the different river systems of the region. Our survey resulted in the description of more than 50 new species of fish. As many as 40 species of fish are endemic to the Chindwin drainage and 22 to the Brahmaputra basin. The fish fauna of the Kaladan is poorly explored. Of the fish species in the Brahmaputra basin, 34% have not been evaluated for IUCN red list criteria, while in the Kaladan, 48.2% have not been evaluated.
Fisher-Kolmogorov type perturbations of the relativistic operator: differential vs. difference
Authors: Jebelean Petru , Şerban Călin 
Published: October 2017

We are concerned with the existence of multiple periodic solutions for differential equations involving Fisher-Kolmogorov perturbations of the relativistic operator of the form

−

[
ϕ
(

u
′

)
]

′

=
λ
u
(
1
−

|

u

|

q

)
,

\begin{equation*} -\left [\phi (u’)\right ]’=\lambda u(1-|u|^q), \end{equation*}

as well as for difference equations, of type

−
Δ

[
ϕ
(
Δ
u
(
n
−
1
)
)
]

=
λ
u
(
n
)
(
1
−

|

u
(
n
)

|

q

)
;

\begin{equation*} -\Delta \left [\phi (\Delta u(n-1))\right ]=\lambda u(n)(1-|u(n)|^q); \end{equation*}

here

q
>
0

q>0

is fixed,

Δ
\Delta

is the forward difference operator,

λ
>
0

\lambda >0

is a real parameter and

ϕ
(
y
)
=

y

1
−

y
2

(
y
∈
(
−
1
,
1
)
)
.

\begin{equation*} \displaystyle \phi (y)=\frac {y}{\sqrt {1- y^2}}\quad (y\in (-1,1)). \end{equation*}

The approach is variational and relies on critical point theory for convex, lower semicontinuous perturbations of

C
1

C^1

-functionals.
Assessing privacy risks in population health publications using a checklist-based approach
Authors: O’Keefe Christine M , Ickowicz Adrien , Churches Tim , Westcott Mark , O’Sullivan Maree , Khan Atikur 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveRecent growth in the number of population health researchers accessing detailed datasets, either on their own computers or through virtual data centers, has the potential to increase privacy risks. In response, a checklist for identifying and reducing privacy risks in population health analysis outputs has been proposed for use by researchers themselves. In this study we explore the usability and reliability of such an approach by investigating whether different users identify the same privacy risks on applying the checklist to a sample of publications.MethodsThe checklist was applied to a sample of 100 academic population health publications distributed among 5 readers. Cohen’s κ was used to measure interrater agreement.ResultsOf the 566 instances of statistical output types found in the 100 publications, the most frequently occurring were counts, summary statistics, plots, and model outputs. Application of the checklist identified 128 outputs (22.6%) with potential privacy concerns. Most of these were associated with the reporting of small counts. Among these identified outputs, the readers found no substantial actual privacy concerns when context was taken into account. Interrater agreement for identifying potential privacy concerns was generally good.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that a checklist can be a reliable tool to assist researchers with anonymizing analysis outputs in population health research. This further suggests that such an approach may have the potential to be developed into a broadly applicable standard providing consistent confidentiality protection across multiple analyses of the same data.