bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Mental Health and Burden among Primary Caregivers of Outpatients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Yu Wenjun , Chen Jia , Hu Jize , Hu JingChu 
Published: January 2018

There is growing recognition that caring for a patient with schizophrenia often results in high levels of perceived burden and poorer overall mental health for caregivers. A quantitative cross‐sectional design and standardized instruments were used to collect data from 355 primary caregivers of adults in outpatient care with schizophrenia in China. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the association between caregiver burden and mental health among primary caregivers and whether this association is influenced by personality, coping style, and family functioning, based on a diathesis–stress perspective. Goodness‐of‐fit indices (χ2/df = 1.406, GFI = 0.919, CFI = 0.957, etc.) confirmed that the modified model fit the data well. In line with the diathesis–stress model, and with this study's hypotheses, we found that caregiver burden was significantly related to mental health outcomes directly. The final model showed that personality traits, coping style, and family function influenced the relationship between caregiver burden and mental health. The neuroticism personality traits have a direct effect on caregiver burden and family functioning in this sample. Coping style had a direct effect on the caregiver burden, and family functioning had a direct effect on the caregiver burden. Our final model about primary caregivers can be applied clinically to predict mental health outcomes from caregiver burden.
Preparation and characterization of mesoporous calcium‐doped silica‐coated TiO2 scaffolds and their drug releasing behavior
Authors: Sengottuvelan Abirami , Mederer Marco , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThree dimensional titanium dioxide (TiO2) scaffolds are receiving attention for the reconstruction of damaged bone tissue. Although these scaffolds show sufficient mechanical properties, their bioactivity is significantly lower than that of bioactive glass scaffolds. Sol‐gel derived mesoporous bioactive glasses exhibit high bioactivity in vitro and can also be loaded with drugs and growth factors due to their tunable pore size. Hence, the main aim of this work is to produce and characterize TiO2 scaffolds coated with sol‐gel derived mesoporous calcium silicate spheres (MCS) and to test their in vitro bioactivity and drug delivery properties. TiO2 scaffolds were coated with different wt% of MCS using a simple dip coating method. The bioactivity of the MCS‐coated TiO2 scaffolds was tested in vitro in simulated body fluid (SBF). TiO2 scaffolds coated with 2 wt% and 4 wt% MCS showed bioactivity after 1 week of immersion in SBF. The formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Ibuprofen drug loading and release rate were investigated in MCS and MCS coated TiO2 scaffolds. A 3 weeks in vitro drug release test was performed and the amount of drug released by MCS was measured by UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The MCS were successfully loaded with Ibuprofen, as model drug. Sustained drug release was measured, proving the applicability of MCS as drug delivery carriers. Thus, TiO2 scaffolds with enhanced functionalities were produced exploiting MCS coating.
Troubleshooting electromagnetic interference in a patient with centrifugal flow left ventricular assist device and subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Authors: Ahmed Asim S. , Patel Parin J. , Bagga Shiv , Gilge Jasen L. , Schleeter Thomas , Lakhani Baqir A. , Ravichandran Ashwin K. , Donnelley Steve , Allavatam Venu , Prystowsky Eric N. , Padanilam Benzy J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA 25‐year‐old man with severe nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy underwent subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD) implant and subsequently underwent HeartWare ventricular assist device (HVAD) placement. Postoperative interrogation revealed both primary and secondary S‐ICD vectors inappropriately regarded sinus rhythm as “noise,” and the alternate vector significantly undersensed sinus rhythm. The S‐ICD was reinterrogated using high‐resolution capture to visually confirm EMI with a dominant frequency in both the primary and secondary vectors of 46.67 Hz that fell within the S‐ICD operational range of 9–60 Hz. The 46.67 Hz frequency correlated with the HVAD operational speed of 2,800 RPM. The HVAD pump speed was increased from 2,800 to 3,000 RPM, resulting in a dominant frequency of 50 Hz. The notch filter is nonprogrammable in S‐ICDs. However, the built‐in filter is 50 Hz for countries in European time zones as opposed to 60 Hz in US time zones due to differences in the anticipated noise from electrical sources within each continent. Thus, the S‐ICD time zone was reprogrammed from EST to GMT, which reduced the notch filter from 60 to 50 Hz, resulting in S‐ICD successfully eliminating EMI when the patient was in a supine position. The EMI interference was still intermittently present in the upright patient position. This case demonstrates the utility of high‐resolution electrogram capture to identify the source and frequency of EMI in S‐ICD and offers a potential avenue to troubleshoot dominant frequency oversensing by changing the device time zone.
Validation of a novel mapping system and utility for mapping complex atrial tachycardias
Authors: Honarbakhsh S. , Hunter R.J. , Dhillon G. , Ullah W. , Keating E. , Providencia R. , Chow A. , Earley M.J. , Schilling R.J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis study sought to validate a novel wavefront mapping system utilizing whole‐chamber basket catheters (CARTOFINDER, Biosense Webster). The system was validated in terms of (1) mapping atrial‐paced beats and (2) mapping complex wavefront patterns in atrial tachycardia (AT).Methods and resultsPatients undergoing catheter ablation for AT and persistent AF were included. A 64‐pole‐basket catheter was used to acquire unipolar signals that were processed by CARTOFINDER mapping system to generate dynamic wavefront propagation maps. The left atrium was paced from four sites to demonstrate focal activation. ATs were mapped with the mechanism confirmed by conventional mapping, entrainment, and response to ablation.Twenty‐two patients were included in the study (16 with AT and 6 with AF initially who terminated to AT during ablation). In total, 172 maps were created with the mapping system. It correctly identified atrial‐pacing sites in all paced maps. It accurately mapped 9 focal/microreentrant and 18 macroreentrant ATs both in the left and right atrium. A third and fourth observer independently identified the sites of atrial pacing and the AT mechanism from the CARTOFINDER maps, while being blinded to the conventional activation maps.ConclusionsThis novel mapping system was effectively validated by mapping focal activation patterns from atrial‐paced beats. The system was also effective in mapping complex wavefront patterns in a range of ATs in patients with scarred atria. The system may therefore be of practical use in the mapping and ablation of AT and could have potential for mapping wavefront activations in AF.
The role of monocytosis and neutrophilia in atherosclerosis
Authors: Chistiakov Dimitry A. , Grechko Andrey V. , Myasoedova Veronika A. , Melnichenko Alexandra A. , Orekhov Alexander N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMonocytosis and neutrophilia are frequent events in atherosclerosis. These phenomena arise from the increased proliferation of hematopoietic stem and multipotential progenitor cells (HSPCs) and HSPC mobilization from the bone marrow to other immune organs and circulation. High cholesterol and inflammatory signals promote HSPC proliferation and preferential differentiation to the myeloid precursors (i.e., myelopoiesis) that than give rise to pro‐inflammatory immune cells. These cells accumulate in the plaques thereby enhancing vascular inflammation and contributing to further lesion progression. Studies in animal models of atherosclerosis showed that manipulation with HSPC proliferation and differentiation through the activation of LXR‐dependent mechanisms and restoration of cholesterol efflux may have a significant therapeutic potential.
Effects of grape seed extract on lipid oxidation, biogenic amine formation and microbiological quality in Chinese traditional smoke‐cured bacon during storage
Authors: Wang Xinhui , Zhang Yalin , Ren Hongyang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGrape seed extract (GSE) as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial was applied in Chinese traditional smoke‐cured bacon during 2 months storage in a natural ventilating room to improve its food quality and safety. Effects of GSE on color, texture, pH, humidity, microbiological quality, lipid oxidation, and biogenic amine formation in smoke‐cured bacon were investigated. These results revealed that the growth of food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, such as Enterobacteriaceae, was completely inhibited during storage. The uses of GSE advanced the redness and lightness of Chinese traditional smoke‐cured bacon. GSE application significantly retarded (p < .05) lipid oxidation valuated by formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances test (TBARS) and the TBARS value was reduced by 69.8% in GSE‐treated bacon compared to the control after 2 months storage. The levels of tyramine, cadaverine, and putrescine in GSE‐treated samples were significantly lower than that of the control (p < .05), showing a reduction of 30.7, 37.1 and 29.4%, respectively. Moreover, the levels of histamine were 11.4 and 43.2 mg/kg in GSE‐treated bacon and the control sample, respectively, showing that the GSE application contributed to histamine reduction in smoke‐cured bacon. These findings suggested that GSE could be applied in Chinese traditional smoke‐cured bacon during storage to improve its quality and safety.Practical applicationsHigh levels of biogenic amine, lipid oxidation, and microbiological quality have been described in Chinese traditional smoke‐cured bacon during storage at room temperature 0–15 °C, which are major problems for public health and food safety. Thus, it is worthwhile to select favorable conditions to strict control biogenic amine accumulation, lipid oxidation, and microbiological quality in smoke‐cured bacon. In this study, in order to improve the food quality and safety of smoke‐cured bacon during storage, grape seed extract (GSE) as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial was used to extend the shelf life of traditional Chinese smoke‐cured bacon during storage at room temperature for 2 months and effects of GSE on lipid oxidation, biogenic amine formation, and microbiological quality on smoke‐cured bacon were investigated. The GSE as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial applied into smoke‐cured bacon during storage appears to be beneficial for food safety and quality improvement.
Pretreatment with magnesium sulfate attenuates white matter damage by preventing cell death of developing oligodendrocytes
Authors: Seyama Takahiro , Kamei Yoshimasa , Iriyama Takayuki , Imada Shinya , Ichinose Mari , Toshimitsu Masatake , Fujii Tomoyuki , Asou Hiroaki 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimAntenatal maternal administration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) reduces cerebral palsy in preterm infants. However, it remains controversial as to whether it also reduces occurrence of white matter damage, or periventricular leukomalacia. We assessed the effect of MgSO4 against white matter damage induced by hypoxic‐ischemic insult using a neonatal rat model and culture of premyelinating oligodendrocytes (pre‐OL).MethodsRat pups at postnatal day (P) 6 were administered either MgSO4 or vehicle intraperitoneally before hypoxic‐ischemic insult (unilateral ligation of the carotid artery followed by 6% oxygen for 1 h). The population of oligodendrocyte (OL) markers and CD‐68‐positive microglia at P11, and TdT‐mediated biotin‐16‐dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL)‐positive cells at P8 were evaluated in pericallosal white matter. Primary cultures of mouse pre‐OL were subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation condition, and the lactate dehydrogenase release from culture cells was evaluated to assess cell viability.ResultsPretreatment with MgSO4 attenuated the loss of OL markers, such as myelin basic protein and Olig2, in ipsilateral pericallosal white matter and decreased the number of CD‐68‐positive microglia and TUNEL‐positive cells in vivo. Pretreatment with MgSO4 also inhibited lactate dehydrogenase release from pre‐OL induced by oxygen glucose deprivation in vitro.ConclusionPretreatment with MgSO4 attenuates white matter damage by preventing cell death of pre‐OL.
Differences in Perceptions of and Practices Regarding Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders Among VA Primary Care Providers in Urban and Rural Clinics
Authors: Young Jessica P. , Achtmeyer Carol E. , Bensley Kara M. , Hawkins Eric J. , Williams Emily C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundEffective behavioral and pharmacological treatments are available and recommended for patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD) but rarely received. Barriers to receipt and provision of evidence‐based AUD treatments delivered by specialists may be greatest in rural areas.MethodsA targeted subanalysis of qualitative interview data collected from primary care providers at 5 Veterans Affairs clinics was conducted to identify differences in provider perceptions and practices regarding AUD treatment across urban and rural clinics. Key contacts were used to recruit 24 providers from 3 “urban” clinics at medical centers and 2 “rural” community‐based outpatient clinics. Providers completed 30‐minute semistructured interviews, which were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using inductive content analysis.ResultsThirteen urban and 11 rural providers participated. Urban and rural providers differed regarding referral practices and in perceptions of availability and utility of specialty addictions treatment. Urban providers described referral to specialty treatment as standard practice, while rural providers reported substantial barriers to specialty care access and infrequent specialty care referral. Urban providers viewed specialty addictions treatment as accessible and comprehensive, and perceived addictions providers as “experts” and collaborators, whereas rural providers perceived inadequate support from the health care system for AUD treatment. Urban providers desired greater integration with specialty addictions care while rural providers wanted access to local addictions treatment resources.ConclusionsProviders in rural settings view referral to specialty addictions treatment as impractical and resources inadequate to treat AUD. Additional work is needed to understand the unique needs of rural clinics and decrease barriers to AUD treatment.
Baby‐friendly hospital practices are associated with duration of full breastfeeding in primiparous but not multiparous Iranian women
Authors: Zarshenas Mahnaz , Zhao Yun , Binns Colin W. , Scott Jane A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere is evidence that the Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) results in improved breastfeeding outcomes in Western countries, but little is known of its impact in Middle‐Eastern countries. This study investigated the impact of BFHI practices on duration of full breastfeeding in a cohort of 700 Iranian mothers recruited between June 2014 and March 2015 from maternity hospitals in Shiraz and followed‐up prospectively for 6 months. At baseline, mothers self‐reported exposure to 7 of the BFHI Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (Steps 3 to 9). Data on breastfeeding outcomes were collected at baseline, 1, 3, 4, and 6 months postpartum. Cox regression analysis was conducted to determine the impact of individual and cumulative BFHI Steps on the duration of full breastfeeding, defined as the number of weeks since discharge that an infant received only breast milk and no complementary formula or food. Mothers reported experiencing on average 3.9 (SD 1.13, range 1 to 7) Steps, and only 28% of infants were fully breastfed at 6 months. There was a protective inverse relationship for primiparous (p for trend = .022) but not multiparous mothers (p for trend = .069), between the number of Steps a woman was exposed to and the likelihood of her discontinuing full breastfeeding within 6 months postpartum. Greater exposure to BFHI practices potentially could increase primiparous mothers' chances of fully breastfeeding to 6 months. Continual monitoring of the BFHI Steps and repeated education of healthcare staff are required to ensure that Iranian mothers receive adequate breastfeeding support.
Estimates of global and regional prevalence of neural tube defects for 2015: a systematic analysis
Authors: Blencowe Hannah , Kancherla Vijaya , Moorthie Sowmiya , Darlison Matthew W. , Modell Bernadette 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNeural tube defects (NTDs) are associated with substantial mortality, morbidity, disability, and psychological and economic costs. Many are preventable with folic acid, and access to appropriate services for those affected can improve survival and quality of life. We used a compartmental model to estimate global and regional birth prevalence of NTDs (live births, stillbirths, and elective terminations of pregnancy) and subsequent under‐5 mortality. Data were identified through web‐based reviews of birth defect registry databases and systematic literature reviews. Meta‐analyses were undertaken where appropriate. For 2015, our model estimated 260,100 (uncertainty interval (UI): 213,800–322,000) NTD‐affected birth outcomes worldwide (prevalence 18.6 (15.3–23.0)/10,000 live births). Approximately 50% of cases were elective terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomalies (UI: 59,300 (47,900–74,500)) or stillbirths (57,800 (UI: 35,000–88,600)). Of NTD‐affected live births, 117,900 (∼75%) (UI: 105,500–186,600) resulted in under‐5 deaths. Our systematic review showed a paucity of high‐quality data in the regions of the world with the highest burden. Despite knowledge about prevention, NTDs remain highly prevalent worldwide. Lack of surveillance and incomplete ascertainment of affected pregnancies make NTDs invisible to policy makers. Improved surveillance of all adverse outcomes is needed to improve the robustness of total NTD prevalence estimation, evaluate effectiveness of prevention through folic acid fortification, and improve outcomes through care and rehabilitation.
Gene regulatory mechanisms underlying sex differences in brain development and psychiatric disease
Authors: Manoli Devanand S. , Tollkuhn Jessica 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe sexual differentiation of the mammalian nervous system requires the precise coordination of the temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression in diverse cell types. Sex hormones act at multiple developmental time points to specify sex‐typical differentiation during embryonic and early development and to coordinate subsequent responses to gonadal hormones later in life by establishing sex‐typical patterns of epigenetic modifications across the genome. Thus, mutations associated with neuropsychiatric conditions may result in sexually dimorphic symptoms by acting on different neural substrates or chromatin landscapes in males and females. Finally, as stress hormone signaling may directly alter the molecular machinery that interacts with sex hormone receptors to regulate gene expression, the contribution of chronic stress to the pathogenesis or presentation of mental illness may be additionally different between the sexes. Here, we review the mechanisms that contribute to sexual differentiation in the mammalian nervous system and consider some of the implications of these processes for sex differences in neuropsychiatric conditions.
Oral bisphosphonate use and age‐related macular degeneration: retrospective cohort and nested case–control study
Authors: Garriga Cesar , Pazianas Michael , Hawley Samuel , Delmestri Antonella , Prieto‐Alhambra Daniel , Cooper Cyrus , Judge Andrew 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOur objective here was to determine whether oral bisphosphonate (BP) use is associated with the incidence of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). We performed a population‐based study using electronic health records from UK primary care (Clinical Practice Research Datalink). A cohort of 13,974 hip fracture patients (1999–2013) was used to conduct (1) a propensity score–matched cohort analysis and (2) a nested case–control analysis. Hip fracture patients were aged ≥50 years without AMD diagnosis before hip fracture date or in the first year of follow‐up. Among 6208 matched patients and during 22,142 person‐years of follow‐up, 57 (1.8%) and 42 (1.4%) AMD cases occurred in BP users and non‐BP users, respectively. The survival analysis model did not provide significant evidence of a higher risk of AMD in BP users (subhazard ratio: 1.60; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95–2.72; P = 0.08), although there was a significant increased risk among BP users with high medication possession ratio (MPR) (top quartile) relative to non‐BP users (odds ratio: 5.08, 95% CI: 3.11–8.30; P < 0.001, respectively). Overall, oral BP use was not associated with an increased risk of AMD in this cohort of hip fracture patients, although the risk increased significantly with higher MPR. More data are needed to confirm these findings.
Impact of primary care‐initiated interventions promoting physical activity on body mass index: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Goryakin Y. , Suhlrie L. , Cecchini M. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIntroductionPhysical inactivity is a risk factor for obesity, overweight and for a number of chronic diseases. Although primary care may be an ideal setting to encourage people to do more exercise, there are still significant gaps in the literature on the effectiveness of primary care‐initiated policies to promote physical activity.MethodsIn this paper, we systematically review and meta‐analyse the evidence on the impact of primary care‐initiated interventions to promote exercise on the body mass index and on physical activity energy expenditure levels among people at an increased risk of having potentially disabling non‐communicable diseases (but healthy enough to exercise).ResultsWe find that such interventions reduce body mass index by about 0.21 kg m−2 (95% confidence interval: −0.41 to −0.01) and increase physical activity‐related energy expenditure (based mostly on self‐recall) by about 1.77 metabolic equivalent of task‐hours a week (95% confidence interval: 0.58 to 2.95).DiscussionThis study suggests that primary care‐initiated interventions promoting physical activity can be an effective strategy to reduce weight and increase exercise levels in this population group, although the question remains about whether such interventions can be cost‐effective.