bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Baltic Timber Trade and the Port of Riga: Economic Empowerment of Middlemen and New Entrepreneurs in Imperial Russia’s Western Provinces (1860s to 1914)
Authors: Wezel Katja 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The article discusses the advancement of timber traders and former middlemen in Riga’s timber trade during the second half of the 19th and early 20th century. Using methods from spatial history, statistical data on the Riga timber trade and archival documents from the timber trade files in the collection of the Riga Exchange Committee at the Historical State Archive of Latvia, the article traces the transport of timber from the Belarusian, Ukrainian and Russian hinterland to the port of Riga. It explains why and how timber became one of Riga’s main export commodities and highlights the actors behind the timber trade. It argues that the timber trade offered ample opportunities for new entrepreneurs of various ethnicities and shows how members of non-elite groups, especially Jewish and Latvian entrepreneurs, were able to challenge the trade monopoly of Baltic Germans in the wood sector. Using the biographies of members of three entrepreneurial families – Armitstead, Berlin, and Dombrovskis – the article explores the advancements of new entrepreneurs in Riga and their contributions to the Baltic timber trade.
Design a robust intelligent power controller for pressurized water reactor using particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Ateya Afaf A.E. , Saeed Rehab M. , Kandil Magy M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controllers have been optimized and used to overcome many types of problems in nuclear reactor systems. The high performance of PID controllers depend on optimizing their gains. In this research, an optimized robust PID controller is proposed to control power perturbations in a pressurized water reactor (PWR). The optimization process of robust PID using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm aims to adapt PID gains then after that, H-infinity controller is used. The results show a good performance when that suggested hybrid controller is applied to the nuclear power system since the suggested design makes the system robust due to applying H-infinity method, in addition to get the benefits of the optimized PID controller.
La luce della luna: lucifluus in Zenone di Verona (Tract. 1.2.19) e Isidoro di Siviglia (Nat. 18.1; Etym. 3.53.1)
Authors: De Gianni Donato 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In Etym. 3.53.1 and Nat. 18.1, Isidore of Seville describes the nature of moonlight, primarily drawing on Augustine’s commentary on Psalm 10. In the chapter of De natura rerum, he also explores specific allegorical meanings of the moon, already established in patristic exegesis, particularly referencing the symbolism of the resurrection of the dead. To indicate the shining part of the moon’s surface, Isidore employs the rare adjectival compound lucifluus, first attested in Juvencus’ Evangeliorum libri with reference to the sun and, metaphorically, to the Gospel. Significantly, this adjective is already used in a context similar to Isidore’s, in the second sermon (De resurrectione) of the first book of the Tractatus by Zeno of Verona (Tract. 1.2.19). In this sermon, the author offers a brief allegorical excursus on the moon, interpreting it as a symbol of mortal man and his future resurrection at the end of time. With some distinctions, he uses the same adjective to describe the brightness of the sun in relation to that of the moon. This close analogy in context and content suggests that Isidore, particularly in the passage from De natura rerum, might have considered Zeno’s sermon when reusing the term lucifluus.
Lithuania's Attempts of the 1920 Summer to Recover its Lands Occupied by the Poles
Authors: Lesčius Vytautas 
Published: October 2024

Complicated and hostile relations between Poland and Lithuania developed since the very beginning of the restored independence. The Polish ruling strata of society were unwilling to recognize independent Lithuania and resorted to diverse measures to subjugate her. Under the pretext of the fight against the Bolsheviks, the Poles occupied a vast territory of Lithuania by the beginning of the 1920 summer. A state of undeclared war arose between Lithuania and Poland.
Due to the adverse military actions against the Bolsheviks, the Poles were forced to mitigate their policy with respect to Lithuania. On July 4th, 1920, reluctant as they were, the Poles recognized Lithuania de facto and, within a few days, they committed themselves to the allies to make over Vilnius and its region to Lithuania. Under the peace treaty of July 12th, 1920, concluded with Soviet Russia, Lithuania was recognized as an independent and sovereign state, and its borders were delineated.
With the Poles in full retreat from Lithuania, a good opportunity presented itself for recovering the other lands which had been formerly occupied by the Poles. The Lithuanian troops started successful actions to fulfill this task and by the end of 1920 they had liberated nearly all the lands which by the peace treaty of July 4th of the same year had been defined as Lithuania's territory. Unfortunately, this task was not brought to an end, for having defeated the Bolsheviks near Warsaw, the Poles renewed their intrusion into the southern territories of Lithuania.
The Question of Baltic States in the Policy of the Great Westem Powers in 1944-1945
Authors: Kraujelis Ramojus 
Published: October 2024

The considerations of the three Great powers in the final years (1944-1945) of World War II and the question of the Baltic states within the context of international relations and diplomacy of these powers are discussed in the article.
In the last years of World War II, the United States were engaged in the creation of the new post-war international organizational model. Participation of the Soviet Union in these postwar plans was an essential condition. In that period of World War II, the question of Baltic states had no significant and independent role in the entire international balance of power. This opinion is grounded on the examples from diplomatic papers which confirm that Baltic states in inter-Allied relations were treated only as a bargaining agent.
Considering that in the Teheran conference (1943), Western states accorded the two of the Baltic states to Soviet interest sphere, the U.S. and Britain entered the Yalta conference (1945) with no illusions as to the fate of the Baltic States in particular and Eastern Europe in general.
The only one positive aspect regarding Baltic state survived - notwithstanding Soviet attempts, Western states remained firm in its legal commitment regarding Lithuania and the other Baltic States - to not recognize the forcible annexation of Baltic states. Accordingly, Western Allies did not recognize Lithuanians, Latvians, and Estonians as "Soviet citizens" within the context of the 1945 Repatriation Agreement.
In reality, the decisive effect of World War II was attempts to retain balance of power in international politics, but not moral or legal commitments. The end of World War II did not restore the independence of Lithuania and other Baltic states. The postwar international system that was leading to division of Europe, bipolar world, and Cold War was the adversity that influenced the plight of small states and nations.
'Mazara/Mazar: nel ventre della città medievale (secoli VII–XV). Edizione critica degli scavi (1997) in via Tenente Gaspare Romano', by Alessandra Molinari and Antonino Meo
Authors: Berrica Silvia 
Published: October 2024

Mazara/Mazar: nel ventre della città medievale (secoli VII–XV). Edizione critica degli scavi (1997) in via Tenente Gaspare Romano Alessandra Molinari and Antonino Meo All’Insegna del Giglio 32. Biblioteca di Archeologia Medievale, 2021. 630pp. Hb. €100. ISBN-13: 9788892850453.
Enhanced hydration reaction of synthesized C4A0.81F1.19 with the use of different grinding agents
Authors: Kang Hyunuk , Lee Yangwoo , Jung Sungjin , Moon Juhyuk 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF) presents in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a solid solution phase, as C4AxF2−x (0.7 ≤ x ≤ 1.1). There is a limited understanding of the hydration reactions of C4AF, particularly regarding the influence of alkanolamines (AA) on C4AF, which can substantially alter OPC hydration. In this study, synthesized C4A0.81F1.19 was subjected to grinding, using three different AA (triisopropanolamine, ethanol diisopropanolamine, and diethanol isopropanolamine) at dosages of 0, 0.1, and 0.3%. It was experimentally confirmed that the crystal structure of unhydrated C4AF was partially changed during the grinding process, and the hydration properties of C4AF were modified. From these results, the compressive strength improved significantly, and the rate of strength enhancement was the highest with 0.1% of diethanol isopropanolamine. More specifically, it was revealed that both Fe and Al sources were proficiently activated, leading to the production of Al/Fe-containing AFm phases and efficiently enhanced mechanical properties.
Problemas sociales relevantes en el aula de primaria: la “cartografía de la controversia” como método
Authors: Moreno Naira Díaz , De la Fuente María del Mar Felices 
Published: October 2024

Nowadays one of the main goals in Social Education is to develop social and critical thinking in students and with this aim in mind it becomes indispensable to use social issues. Hence, the aim of our research is firstly to analyse how appears the topic “water” in the Almería’s local press, a province where water shortage exists and second, to determine if the topic of water constitutes a controversial issue useful in the educational context. We selected water as our research topic for several reasons: on the one hand, due to its high presence in the Primary Education curriculum which includes this item in the Social Science area and in the Natural Science area as well. On the other hand, this topic offers the possibility to be treated from an interdisciplinary perspective.
To conduct this research we have used a mixed methodology combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The “constructed week” and “witness news” methodologies were used as a quantitative approach and have allowed us to detect the first features of the topic water as an issue. Furthermore, using a qualitative approach, we have used the “mapping controversy” methodology that consists of an adjustment of the Theory of the Actor Network. We have obtained two maps as results of our research, where the topic of water is showed as an issue or a controversial theme and links established among the different indicators of the controversy are also shown in the maps. Both maps can be considered as powerful educational tools due to the fact that they are useful to study different curricular content through news methods and, at the same time, they allow to develop social, critical and divergent thinking in students.
DETERMINANTES DA CONFORMIDADE FISCAL VOLUNTÁRIA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA E AGENDA DE PESQUISA
Authors: Farias da Silva Wesllen , Bevilaqua de Sales Duarte Franco David , De Sá Pinheiro Leonardo Victor , Rabelo Neto Alexandre 
Published: October 2024

Os estudos sobre determinantes do cumprimento fiscal ganharam relevância nas últimas décadas, considerando que tributos são as principais fontes de financiamento das políticas públicas. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi sistematizar a literatura empírica acerca dos fatores que influenciam a conformidade fiscal voluntária. Para isso, realizou-se uma busca nos periódicos indexados às bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus, no período de 2019 a 2023. Recorreu-se aos métodos de revisão sistemática de literatura para analisar as pesquisas publicadas sobre o assunto, utilizando do modelo 4W’s de Rosado-Serrano, Paul e Dikova (2018). Foram identificadas 38 publicações que preencheram os critérios de inclusão, sendo 15 selecionadas para a presente revisão. Os resultados apontaram auditoria fiscal, taxas de imposto, penalidades fiscais, complexidade/simplicidade do sistema tributário, moral fiscal, normas sociais, percepções de justiça, justiça distributiva e processual, educação e literacia fiscal, serviço fiscal, reputação corporativa, propriedade empresarial como fatores determinantes da conformidade fiscal. Conclui-se destacando a importância da adoção de múltiplas estratégias para reforçar o cumprimento voluntário, ante a variedade de determinantes para a conformidade fiscal.
Palavras-chave: Conformidade Fiscal, Conformidade Voluntária, Revisão Sistemática.
Mechanisms of International Legal Regulation of Transboundary Pipeline Projects in the Caspian Region
Authors: Glikman O. V. , Mammadov L. R. 
Published: October 2024

The Caspian region contains huge reserves of oil and gas. The complexity of implementing transboundary pipeline projects along the bottom of the Caspian Sea is associated not only with the special legal status of this body of water, but also with the different interests and political and legal positions of the Caspian and non-Caspian states. The main objective of the paper is to identify and assess the international legal mechanisms regulating the construction and operation of transboundary pipelines in the Caspian region.The scientific novelty of the work lies in identifying gaps and problems in the application of the provisions of the 2018 Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea concerning pipelines, as well as in a comprehensive comparative legal analysis of the provisions of international treaties regulating the construction and operation of such transboundary pipelines in the Caspian region as the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan and Baku-Supsa oil pipelines and the Nabucco gas pipeline. The authors revealed the importance of international law in the implementation of pipeline projects in the Caspian region, and identified mechanisms that allow for a balance of interests between the states participating in such projects, on the one hand, and the states and operating partners, on the other. The results of the study can be applied in the preparation of amendments to the 2018 Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea regarding the legal regime of pipelines in the Caspian Sea, as well as draft agreements on new energy projects in the Caspian region and the Eurasian region as a whole.
Comparison of shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index score of three different orthodontic adhesive systems with and without primer: An in vitro study
Authors: Khan Azmat Azha , Shaikh Sumayya , Mirdehghan Nasim , Kalia Ajit , Hegde Ashwith , Joshi Juhi 
Published: October 2024

: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare shear bond strength and ARI score of orthodontic brackets bonded with three different orthodontic adhesive systems with and without primer.: To assess and compare the shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index score of three different orthodontic adhesive systems with and without primer.: The samples comprised 150 healthy premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes. All the teeth were mounted on an acrylic block and divided into 5 groups (30 samples in each group). Group A (Transbond XT Primer + Adhesive); Group B (Transbond XT Adhesive); Group C (Bracepaste Primer + Adhesive); Group D (Bracepaste Adhesive); Group E (Aqualine LC Adhesive). Stainless steel (3M Unitek) premolar brackets were used. Once the brackets are bonded. The bonding strength values were measured by a universal testing machine.: Distribution of mean values in Intergroup overall, pairwise, comparison of shear bond strength and in Intergroup overall and pairwise comparison of adhesive remnant index scores of three different orthodontic adhesive systems with and without primer, showed a highly statistically significant difference (p&#60;0.001) between the groups as the p&#60;0.05.: Group A has got the best and the highest shear bond strength of all the groups. No statistically significant difference was seen between Group A and B; Group C and D have got the least shear bond strength. Group E has got clinically acceptable shear bond strength that is almost equal to that of Group A and B. Group A has got the best and the highest ARI score of 2 and 3 of all the groups. Group C and D have got the highest ARI score of 0 and 1.
Accompagnement des agriculteurs dans la transition agroécologique pour les économies d’eau
Authors: AUDOUIN Élise , ROCHWERGER Anna , LACAZE Florine , BONILLO Christophe , LHUISSIER Ludovic 
Published: October 2024

Les attentes sociétales envers l’agriculture augmentent, notamment en matière d’'agroécologie et d’économie d'eau. La transition des systèmes dits « conventionnels » vers des systèmes économes en intrants mène les agriculteurs hors de leur zone de confort. Ils doivent gérer de nouvelles incertitudes. Un accompagnement adapté doit être développé pour les appuyer dans ce cheminement. C’est dans ce contexte qu’a été conduit le projet TACSCII (Transition agroécologique des systèmes de culture irrigués innovants). Mené dans le département du Gers, il a pour objectif l’accompagnement d’un collectif d’agriculteurs pilotes dans la transition agroécologique, et plus spécifiquement dans la transition vers l’agriculture de conservation des sols, dans l’optique de réaliser des économies d’intrants dont des économies d’eau. Cet article explore les méthodes d’accompagnement mises en œuvre pour la transition agroécologique, le diagnostic des freins et leviers rencontrés en cours de route, ainsi que le suivi et l’évaluation des impacts. L’étude présente également les résultats directs observés sur les pratiques agricoles et les résultats indirects sur les collectifs et acteurs environnants. De plus, l’article situe cette méthode d’accompagnement dans le contexte plus large de l’écosystème régional soutenant la transition agroécologique des grandes cultures.
New Insights on the Formation of the Mitral Valve Chordae Tendineae in Fetal Life
Authors: Martin Meghan , Gillett Kate , Whittick Parker , Wells Sarah Melissa 
Published: October 2024

There is an increasing understanding that some mitral valve pathologies have developmental origins. The time course of valvulogenesis varies by animal model, where in cattle, the branched chordae tendineae architecture becomes fully developed at full term. The mechanism by which chordae tendineae bifurcate during fetal development remains unknown. The current study presents a detailed description of bovine chordae tendineae formation and bifurcation during fetal development. Analysis of Movat Pentachrome-stained histological sections of the developing mitral valve apparatus were accompanied by micro-CT imaging. TEM imaging of chordae branches and common trunks allowed measurement of collagen fibril diameter distributions. We observed a proteoglycan-rich “transition zone” at the junction between the fetal mitral valve anterior leaflet and chordae tendineae with “perforations” lined by MMP1/2 and Ki-67 expressing endothelial cells. This region also contained clusters of proliferating endothelial within the bulk of the tissue. We hypothesize this zone marks a region where chordae tendineae bifurcate during fetal development. In particular, perforations, created by localized MMP activity serve as a site for the initiation of a “split” of a single chordae attachment into two. This is supported by TEM results that suggest a similar population of collagen fibrils runs from the branches into a common trunk. A clear understanding of normal mitral valvulogenesis and it’s signaling mechanisms will be crucial in developing therapeutics and/or tissue-engineered valve replacements.
Enhancing Asphaltene Adsorption and Dispersion in Crude Oil With Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Optimization via Response Surface Methodology Approach
Authors: Miloudi Mustapha , Hammadou née Mesdour Souad , Boufades Djamila , Adjou Zakaria , Harithi Mohamed A. , Hamidane Ayoub , Daha Abdelfettah , Hacini Messaoud 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Carbon nanostructures like multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) offer promising solutions for addressing asphaltene-related challenges in the crude oil industry. Here, MWCNTs were synthesized via the pyrolysis process, and thoroughly characterized using various analytical techniques including Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), transmission electron microscopy, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller technique, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Subsequently, these MWCNTs were utilized to adsorb asphaltenes from both toluene solutions and actual crude oil samples. XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental composition analysis were used to analyze the asphaltenes, alongside examining asphaltene adsorption isotherms and kinetics under optimal conditions obtained from response surface methodology coupled with central composite design (RSM-CCD) approach. The developed model exhibited a high accuracy level in predicting the asphaltene adsorption capacity within the specified experimental parameters with R2 = 0.9938 and an adjusted R2 = 0.9859. The maximum capacity of asphaltene adsorption of 709.82 mg/g was obtained at the initial concentration of the asphaltene solution of 1000 mg/L, a contact time of 77.45  minutes, an MWCNT dosage of 0.287 g, and a stirring speed of 517.29 rev/min at 363°K. The asphaltene adsorption kinetics and isotherms toward MWCNTs were consistent with pseudosecond-order and Freundlich models, respectively, suggesting the predominance of a heterogeneous surface multilayer mechanism. Additionally, asphaltene dispersant tests (ADTs), viscometry, and microscopy analysis indicate that synthesized MWCNTs notably delayed the asphaltene aggregation in actual petroleum at an optimal concentration of 200 ppm, achieving a dispersion effectiveness of 70.97% according to ADT experiments. This is due to the large MWCNT surface and favorable interactions between nanoparticles and asphaltene components, leading to efficient control of deposition/aggregation of asphaltene in petroleum. The obtained results suggest that MWCNTs can serve as economically viable and environmentally sustainable asphaltene inhibitors and dispersants for oilfield operations, and their use can address the limitations associated with other nanoparticle types and mitigate issues caused by asphaltene precipitation and deposition.
Global huge grain production potential adapted to future climate change
Authors: Liu Xueqi , Liu Yansui , Chen Zongfeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Climate warming and intensified extreme climate weathers have diverse influence on global food production over past decades. However, there is insufficient understanding of the adaptation in future climate change to fully release food production potential on the existing cultivated land. Here we separately simulated spatio-temporal evolution of per unit yield, potential yields and yield gaps for rice, maize, wheat and soybean under four future climate scenarios in the near-term, mid-term and long-term future. The potential yields of rice, maize, wheat and soybean will be significantly rising, and the yield gaps will separately reach 4.01×108 t, 3.41×108 t, 5.71×108 t, 1.11×108 t under the optimal scenario in the long-term future. We divided three types to differentiate future food production potential in different countries, including steady increased production type, fluctuation increased production type and overload production type, and global rice (77.45%), maize (67.46%), wheat (76.64%) and soybean (69.70%) growing countries will be mainly steady increased production type. We intergrate simulation results under differnt future climate scenarios and propose differentiated sustainable strategies for each food production potential type to ensure future global food security and enhance agricultural system resilience.