bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface potential distribution of resist exposed by electron beam and the non-charging exposure conditions
Authors: Kotera Masatoshi , Kono Yoshinobu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, we experimentally analyzed the charging phenomenon when an insulating resist film on a conductive layer formed on bulk glass is irradiated by electron beams (EBs). To quantify the charging potential induced, an electrostatic force microscope device was installed in the scanning electron microscope sample chamber, and potential distributions formed under various exposure conditions were obtained. Based on the results obtained, a model for charge accumulation within the sample, explaining positive and negative charging and their transitions, was developed. At an EB acceleration voltage of 30 kV, the following observations were made: ‘global charging’ could be avoided by applying −5 V to the sample. Regarding ‘local charging’ near the exposure area of the EB, at low exposure doses, emission of secondary electrons from the sample surface induced positive charging, while the accumulation of incident electrons within the sample induced negative charging. At exposure doses where the effects of both are balanced, the sample exhibited zero potential, revealing the appearance of the ‘first zero-cross exposure dose’. At higher exposure doses, the sample transitions from negative to positive as the exposure dose increases due to the electron-beam-induced conduction, resulting in the so-called second zero-cross exposure dose. The exposure dose dependence of the charging potential distribution at various acceleration voltages was obtained. In particular, we found that at an acceleration voltage of 0.6 kV, the sample surface is not charged even when exposed to small to very large doses of EBs.
Digital Bildung as semantic emplacement
Authors: Thomas Neal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Reading the significance of place as mediated through digital knowledge systems, this article expands recent debates around digital Bildung to include the semanticization of culture. The latter term refers to how data infrastructures correlate entities in their factuality in lived contexts, making them retrievable by digital devices and amenable to predictive inference by machines. Building on the analysis of others who characterize digital Bildung as the production of a semantic self-consciousness in learners, the article seeks to address the role of information systems technique in this production. It locates certain core intellectual justifications for the semantic mediation of culture in the philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce. Ultimately diagnosing digital Bildung as enculturation to Peircean metaphysics, the article goes on to thematize certain conceptual limitations of our epistemic emplacement via digital systems. Relying on other philosophers to surface these limitations—Jürgen Habermas, James Williams, and Jean-Hugues Barthélémy—the article concludes more polemically by suggesting that defining digital Bildung on the basis of semantic self-consciousness as it is currently understood may exacerbate a crisis of sense in datafied societies.
Trigeminal neuralgia, demyelinating polyneuropathy, and central nervous system involvement in a patient with an SH3TC2 mutation
Authors: Giannakis Alexandros , Chamko Gkirai , Sarmas Ioannis , Pepe Georgia , Sidiropoulos Christos , Konitsiotis Spiridon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4C (CMT4C) is a slowly progressive, autosomal recessive, sensorimotor polyneuropathy characterized by demyelination and distinct clinical features, including cranial nerve involvement. CMT4C is associated with pathogenic mutations in the SH3TC2 gene.

Methods
A patient presenting with gait instability due to demyelinating polyneuropathy and refractory trigeminal neuralgia underwent comprehensive evaluation. Nerve conduction studies, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, cervical spine, and thoracic spine, lumbar puncture, and genetic test through next generation sequencing were performed.

Results
The genetic test found an Arg1109Stop mutation in the SH3TC2 gene, associated with demyelinating polyneuropathy and cranial neuropathy. Interestingly, brain MRI showed multiple, nonenhancing white matter hyperintensities. This is the first case of CMT4C associated with white matter lesions.

Conclusion
Any patient with slowly progressive peripheral nervous system symptoms and disproportionally abnormal nerve conduction study findings should be tested for an inherited polyneuropathy and brain imaging for screening of possible central nervous system involvement should be performed. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the pathogenetic basis of CMT4C and a possible association with white matter lesions.
Characteristics of the Integument of Phyllomedusa burmeisteri (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) and Boana semilineata (Anura, Hylidae) Males Can Contribute to Understanding its Relation to Habitat
Authors: Valente Teixeira Stéphanie Asséf Millen , Moraes de Castro Mariana , Novaes Camila Moura , Marques dos Santos Daiane Cristina , da Penha Neves Charlene , Guimarães-Ervilha Luiz Otávio , Feio Renato Neves , Machado-Neves Mariana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The integument of anurans plays vital physiological roles, crucial for understanding the species' survival in their environment. Despite its significance, there are few studies describing the cutaneous morphology of anurans from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This study aimed to characterize the integument of Phyllomedusa burmeisteri and Boana semilineata in males using microscopic and histochemical approaches. Histological sections were stained with various dyes, and additional fragments underwent electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results showed different projections on the dorsal and ventral regions of males from these species, without the Eberth–Katschenko layer. Differences in the arrangement of chromatophore cells in regions with varying solar incidence were observed in the spongy dermis. Various gland types were identified, aiding taxonomic differentiation and validation of behavioral data. Both species had seromucous and granular glands, while only P. burmeisteri displayed lipid glands. Histochemical analysis revealed higher production of polysaccharides and proteins, contributing to the integument's moisture and protection. Lipid secretions in P. burmeisteri helped waterproof the integument more effectively against desiccation. This study concludes that analyzing anuran integument provides valuable insights into their behavior, with integument composition potentially influenced by habitat choice among different species.
Informational Capitalism as Phase Shift
Authors: Cohen Julie E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In capitalist political economies, the emergence of informational and informationally mediated modes of development has produced important changes in the organization of economic and social activity that are best understood via a chemical analogy: as a phase shift in the nature and structure of interactions that dramatically alters systemic behaviour. This chapter first sketches two interlinked sets of changes that are central to the phase shift to informational capitalism: the data-driven, multi-dimensional commodification of economic and social resources and the pervasive embedding of economic and social relations in digital platforms. It then sketches a preliminary account of the implications of the phase shift for theories of digital constitutionalism.
Digital Bills of Rights
Authors: Celeste Edoardo , Iglesias Keller Clara , Redeker Dennis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed the emergence of a significant number of documents that adopt a constitutional ‘tone’ in order to articulate rights and principles for the digital society. These ‘digital bills of rights’ have been drafted by a multitude of actors, often stemming from civil society initiatives and therefore lacking legally binding force. The chapter investigates to what extent these documents contribute to the project and ambitions of digital constitutionalism. It positions this phenomenon from a theoretical perspective and it considers their different degrees of institutionalization, analysing a series of concrete examples. Brazil is used as a case study to illustrate how digital bills of rights’ language can ultimately be embraced by state institutionalized processes, with direct consequences to public policy and jurisprudence.
The End of the Deception?
Authors: Botelho Catarina Santos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers normative and philosophical arguments against an approach to automation that fully skips human agency and ethical accountability. It addresses the connection between the EU concepts of direct and indirect discrimination and the US concepts of disparate discrimination and disparate impact. It then focuses on understanding discriminatory algorithms and the illusion of algorithmic objectivity. These incursions lead, third, to the puzzling topic of regulating and debiasing algorithms. Fourth, building on the assertion that algorithms are not designed for straightforward human understanding, the chapter describes how to cope with algorithmic discrimination. Seen as a whole, there are bad news and good news regarding the brave new algorithmic world. The bad news is that algorithms are partially human and therefore never fully immune to biases and to the greed of pursuing innovation at any cost. The good news is that we are aware of algorithmic discrimination. To counter this, international, regional, and domestic digital constitutionalism, as well as administrative law, can guide algorithmic decision-making and governance.
Colour changes in the feet: a sign of autonomic symptoms in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Adler Brittany L , Kuchinad Kamini , Jeong Seeun Judy , Stiles Lauren E , Shah Ami A , Chung Tae , McMahan Zsuzsanna H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Patients with autonomic dysfunction, or dysautonomia, often report discolouration of their dependent extremities, which is thought to be from venous pooling or acrocyanosis. A subset of patients with SSc are affected by dysautonomia but may be challenging to identify. We sought to determine whether patients with SSc who report discolouration in their feet have a higher burden of autonomic symptoms, including orthostatic, gastrointestinal (GI), urinary, secretomotor and pupillomotor.

Methods
167 patients with SSc completed the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS)-31 survey, which queries whether the patient experiences discolouration of the feet or hands. We compared the COMPASS-31 subdomain scores between SSc patients with and without foot discolouration. Seventy-nine patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) also completed the COMPASS-31 questionnaire for comparison.

Results
We found that extremity discolouration is common in POTS and more often affects the feet, whereas in SSc, the hands are more frequently involved; 62% of SSc patients report colour changes in their feet. These patients are more likely to have other autonomic symptoms, including orthostatic (11.7 ± 10.6 vs 8.6 ± 9.9, P = 0.06), GI (11.3 ± 4.3 vs 8.8 ± 4.3, P = 0.0003), urinary (1.4 ± 1.5 vs 0.8 ± 1.3, P = 0.002) and secretomotor (7.0 ± 3.8 vs 5.9 ± 3.8, P = 0.06) symptoms. These associations persist in a multivariable model after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusion
Dependent extremity discolouration is common in dysautonomia. Patients with SSc who report colour changes in their feet are more likely to report other symptoms of autonomic dysfunction.
Progesterone Concentrations on Blastocyst Transfer Day in Modified Natural Cycle Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles
Authors: Saupstad Marte , Bergenheim Sara J. , Bogstad Jeanette W. , Petersen Morten R. , Klajnbard Anna , Prætorius Lisbeth , Freiesleben Nina L. C. , Englund Anne L. , Løkkegaard Ellen C. L. , Knudsen Ulla B. , Husth Merete , Alsbjerg Birgit , Møller Julie E. , Dam Tine V. , Forman Julie L. , Pinborg Anja , Løssl Kristine 
Published: September 2024

(Abstracted from Reprod Biomed Online 2024;49(1):article 103862)
With advances in in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques, it has become safe and efficient to vitrify and warm embryos, and frozen embryo transfer (FET) now has comparable outcomes compared with fresh embryo transfer. A common approach to endometrial preparation for FET is hormone replacement therapy, and because women do not develop a corpus luteum when undergoing hormone replacement therapy–FET, finding an optimal concentration of progesterone is of great clinical interest.
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: Pruitt Bill , Gregory Karen L. , Cochran Audra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is a problem encountered by many people, and although it can be controlled, it is often overlooked or attributed to deconditioning. Children and elite athletes tend to have an increased incidence of EIB, but this condition is also encountered in others. Unfortunately, many who must deal with this disease tend to limit the level of exercise that provokes symptoms or avoid exercise altogether. EIB can occur alone or in association with underlying asthma. This article discusses EIB, its management, and strategies for nurses when caring for patients with EIB.
Age-related macular degeneration
Authors: James Lucretia Marie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment in patients age 50 and older, with an estimated 200 million people affected worldwide and a projected 288 million by 2040. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and nursing considerations for AMD to equip nurses with the knowledge to play a crucial role in the early detection of this disease.
A Decision Aid to Support Tubal Sterilization Decision-Making Among Pregnant Women: The MyDecision/MiDecisión Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Borrero Sonya , Mosley Elizabeth A. , Wu Michaella , Dehlendorf Christine , Wright Catherine , Abebe Kaleab Z. , Zite Nikki 
Published: September 2024

(Abstracted from JAMA Network Open 2024;7:e242215)
Tubal sterilization is the most common contraceptive method among adult women in the United States. According to preliminary data, demand for this permanent contraception has risen since the US Supreme Court reduced access to abortions in 2022.
Screening activity of brain cancer-derived factors on primary human brain pericytes
Authors: McCullough Samuel JC , Albers Eliene , Anchan Akshata , Yu Jane , Connor Bronwen , Graham E. Scott 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBrain cancers offer poor prognoses to patients accompanied by symptoms that drastically impact the patient and their family. Brain tumours recruit local non-transformed cells to provide trophic support and immunosuppression within the tumour microenvironment, supporting tumour progression. Given the localization and supportive role of pericytes at the brain vasculature, we explored the potential for brain pericytes to contribute to the brain cancer microenvironment. To investigate this, primary brain pericytes were treated with factors commonly upregulated in brain cancers. Changes to brain pericyte cell signalling, inflammatory secretion, and phagocytosis were investigated. The TGFβ superfamily cytokines TGFβ and GDF-15 activated SMAD2/3 and inhibited C/EBP-δ, revealing a potential mechanism behind the pleiotropic action of TGFβ on brain pericytes. IL-17 induced secretion of IL-6 without activating NFκB, STAT1, SMAD2/3, or C/EBP-δ signalling pathways. IL-27 and IFNγ induced STAT1 signalling and significantly reduced pericyte phagocytosis. The remaining brain cancer-derived factors did not induce a measured response, indicating that these factors may act on other cell types or require co-stimulation with other factors to produce significant effects. Together, these findings show potential mechanisms by which brain pericytes contribute to aspects of inflammation and starts to uncover the supportive role brain pericytes may play in brain cancers.
Modeling suggests SARS-CoV-2 rebound after nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment is driven by target cell preservation coupled with incomplete viral clearance
Authors: Phan Tin , Ribeiro Ruy M. , Edelstein Gregory E. , Boucau Julie , Uddin Rockib , Marino Caitlin , Liew May Y. , Barry Mamadou , Choudhary Manish C. , Tien Dessie , Su Karry , Reynolds Zahra , Li Yijia , Sagar Shruti , Vyas Tammy D. , Kawano Yumeko , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Hammond Sarah P. , Wallace Zachary , Vyas Jatin M. , Li Jonathan Z. , Siedner Mark J. , Barczak Amy K. , Lemieux Jacob E. , Perelson Alan S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn a subset of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals treated with the oral antiviral nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, the virus rebounds following treatment. The mechanisms driving this rebound are not well understood. We used a mathematical model to describe the longitudinal viral load dynamics of 51 individuals treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, 20 of whom rebounded. Target cell preservation, either by a robust innate immune response or initiation of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir near the time of symptom onset, coupled with incomplete viral clearance, appear to be the main factors leading to viral rebound. Moreover, the occurrence of viral rebound is likely influenced by time of treatment initiation relative to the progression of the infection, with earlier treatments leading to a higher chance of rebound. Finally, our model demonstrates that extending the course of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment, in particular to a 10-day regimen, may greatly diminish the risk for rebound in people with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and who are at high risk of progression to severe disease. Altogether, our results suggest that in some individuals, a standard 5-day course of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir starting around the time of symptom onset may not completely eliminate the virus. Thus, after treatment ends, the virus can rebound if an effective adaptive immune response has not fully developed. These findings on the role of target cell preservation and incomplete viral clearance also offer a possible explanation for viral rebounds following other antiviral treatments for SARS-CoV-2.ImportanceNirmatrelvir-ritonavir is an effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2. In a subset of individuals treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, the initial reduction in viral load is followed by viral rebound once treatment is stopped. We show the timing of treatment initiation with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir may influence the risk of viral rebound. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir stops viral growth and preserves target cells but may not lead to full clearance of the virus. Thus, once treatment ends, if an effective adaptive immune response has not adequately developed, the remaining virus can lead to rebound. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms of rebound and can help develop better treatment strategies to minimize this possibility.
Beyond Algorithms: The Impact of Simplified CNN Models and Multifactorial Influences on Radiological Image Analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Saber , Mohanty Abhinita S. , Saikali Shady , Rose Doori , LynnHtaik WintPyae , Greaves Raecine , Lounes Tassadit , Haque Eshaan , Hirani Aashi , Zahiri Javad , Dehzangi Iman , Patel Vipul , Khosravi Pegah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper demonstrates that simplified Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models can outperform traditional complex architectures, such as VGG-16, in the analysis of radiological images, particularly in datasets with fewer samples. We introduce two adopted CNN architectures, LightCnnRad and DepthNet, designed to optimize computational efficiency while maintaining high performance. These models were applied to nine radiological image datasets, both public and in-house, including MRI, CT, X-ray, and Ultrasound, to evaluate their robustness and generalizability. Our results show that these models achieve competitive accuracy with lower computational costs and resource requirements. This finding underscores the potential of streamlined models in clinical settings, offering an effective and efficient alternative for radiological image analysis. The implications for medical diagnostics are significant, suggesting that simpler, more efficient algorithms can deliver better performance, challenging the prevailing reliance on transfer learning and complex models. The complete codebase and detailed architecture of the LightCnnRad and DepthNet, along with step-by-step instructions, are accessible in our GitHub repository athttps://github.com/PKhosravi-CityTech/LightCNNRad-DepthNet.
Few-shot Algorithms for Consistent Neural Decoding (FALCON) Benchmark
Authors: Karpowicz Brianna M. , Ye Joel , Fan Chaofei , Tostado-Marcos Pablo , Rizzoglio Fabio , Washington Clay , Scodeler Thiago , de Lucena Diogo , Nason-Tomaszewski Samuel R. , Mender Matthew J. , Ma Xuan , Arneodo Ezequiel Matias , Hochberg Leigh R. , Chestek Cynthia A. , Henderson Jaimie M. , Gentner Timothy Q. , Gilja Vikash , Miller Lee E. , Rouse Adam G. , Gaunt Robert A. , Collinger Jennifer L. , Pandarinath Chethan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) can restore movement and communication abilities to individuals with paralysis by decoding their intended behavior from neural activity recorded with an implanted device. While this activity yields high-performance decoding over short timescales, neural data are often nonstationary, which can lead to decoder failure if not accounted for. To maintain performance, users must frequently recalibrate decoders, which requires the arduous collection of new neural and behavioral data. Aiming to reduce this burden, several approaches have been developed that either limit recalibration data requirements (few-shot approaches) or eliminate explicit recalibration entirely (zero-shot approaches). However, progress is limited by a lack of standardized datasets and comparison metrics, causing methods to be compared in an ad hoc manner. Here we introduce the FALCON benchmark suite (Few-shot Algorithms for COnsistent Neural decoding) to standardize evaluation of iBCI robustness. FALCON curates five datasets of neural and behavioral data that span movement and communication tasks to focus on behaviors of interest to modern-day iBCIs. Each dataset includes calibration data, optional few-shot recalibration data, and private evaluation data. We implement a flexible evaluation platform which only requires user-submitted code to return behavioral predictions on unseen data. We also seed the benchmark by applying baseline methods spanning several classes of possible approaches. FALCON aims to provide rigorous selection criteria for robust iBCI decoders, easing their translation to real-world devices.https://snel-repo.github.io/falcon/