bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing urban road CO2 emissions: A study based on GPS data from heavy diesel trucks
Authors: Qu Meili , Xu Jiachen , He Chao , Wang Jiguang , Li Jiaqiang , Zhao Longqing , Yu Haisheng , Chen Yanlin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The determination of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDTs) is important for the development of traffic emission reduction strategies. This study quantified the CO2 emissions from 5,996 HDTs on different road types using a bottom-up approach combined with the application of the International Vehicle Emissions (IVE) model based on 1.24 million trajectory points. A correlation analysis was conducted on the hourly traffic flow, driving mileage, speed, and CO2 emissions of HDTs in the urban area of Kunming, China. The traditional emission intensity allocation method was improved by establishing a high-resolution (1 × 1 km) emission inventory using trajectory points and the road network density. The results indicated that higher driving speeds can reduce CO2 emissions, but HDTs typically maintain speeds of 40–60 km/h, with emission coefficients around 500 kg/km; HDTs complying with China III standards are significant contributors to CO2 emissions; Regional CO2 emissions from HDTs are highly influenced by traffic flow and driving distances; Vehicle restriction policies contribute to increased nighttime emissions; A pollution spatial allocation method based on trajectory point density and road network density better reflects the regional spatial distribution of CO2 emissions from HDTs; CO2 spatial distribution is predominantly concentrated in the southeast of urban areas, primarily influenced by urban industrial layout.
Gender-Specific Lifestyle Risk Behaviors and Machine Learning Models for Predicting Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Kim Hye-Jin , Choi Heeji , Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Shin Seung-Ho , Kim Chulho , Lee Sang-Hwa , Sohn Jong-Hee , Lee Jae Jun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. We aimed to assess the predictive accuracy of machine learning (ML) models incorporating lifestyle risk behaviors for ASCVD risk stratified by gender, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We analyzed data from 8,573 participants aged 40–79 years, excluding those with prior cardiovascular events. ASCVD risk was assessed using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort Equations, with a high-risk threshold of ≥ 15% over 10 years. Five ML algorithms—logistic regression (LR), support vector machine, random forest, extreme gradient boost, and light gradient boosting models—were utilized, with performance metrics including AUROC, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Among men, the support vector machine model achieved the highest AUROC of 0.952, whereas, among women, the LR model achieved the highest AUROC of 0.980. Significant predictors for men included age, smoking, BMI, and LDL cholesterol, while for women, predictors extended to household income and residential area. Comparing the significant the Shapley additive explanation variables in the ML model to the significant variables in the conventional bivariate LR model, lifestyle risk behaviors such as household income, residential area, and weight change over 1 year were identified as significant variables in both models. This analysis provides the importance of gender-specific lifestyle risk factors in ASCVD prediction. The integration of ML and lifestyle factors offers enhanced predictive capabilities over traditional models, highlighting the necessity for tailored prevention strategies.
OMG-Net: A Deep Learning Framework Deploying Segment Anything to Detect Pan-Cancer Mitotic Figures from Haematoxylin and Eosin-Stained Slides
Authors: Shen Zhuoyan , Simard Mikael , Brand Douglas , Andrei Vanghelita , Al-Khader Ali , Oumlil Fatine , Trevers Katherine , Butters Thomas , Haefliger Simon , Kara Eleanna , Amary Fernanda , Tirabosco Roberto , Cool Paul , Royle Gary , Hawkins Maria , Flanagan Adrienne M , Collins-Fekete Charles-Antoine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Mitotic activity is an important feature for grading several cancer types. Counting mitotic figures (MFs) is a time-consuming, laborious task prone to inter-observer variation. Inaccurate recognition of MFs can lead to incorrect grading and hence potential suboptimal treatment. In this study, we propose an artificial intelligence (AI)-aided approach to detect MFs in digitised haematoxylin and eosin-stained whole slide images (WSIs). Advances in this area are hampered by the limited number and types of cancer datasets of MFs. Here we establish the largest pan-cancer dataset of mitotic figures by combining an in-house dataset of soft tissue tumours (STMF) with five open-source mitotic datasets comprising multiple human cancers and canine specimens (ICPR, TUPAC, CCMCT, CMC and MIDOG++). This new dataset identifies 74,620 MFs and 105,538 mitotic-like figures. We then employed a two-stage framework (the Optimised Mitoses Generator Network (OMG-Net) to classify MFs. The framework first deploys the Segment Anything Model (SAM) to automate the contouring of MFs and surrounding objects. An adapted ResNet18 is subsequently trained to classify MFs. OMG-Net reaches an F1-score of 0.84 on pan-cancer MF detection (breast carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumour and melanoma), largely outperforming the previous state-of-the-art MIDOG++ benchmark model on its hold-out testing set (e.g. +16% F1-score on breast cancer detection, p<0.001) thereby providing superior accuracy in detecting MFs on various types of tumours obtained with different scanners.
Acute Hepatic Porphyria in Denmark; a retrospective study
Authors: Wagner Magnus Emil Ulrich , Frost Morten , Frystyk Jan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) constitutes a class of rare diseases caused by reduced function in enzymes of the heme-biosynthetic pathway. AHP includes acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), hereditary coproporphyria (HCP), variegate porphyria (VP) and the extremely rare δ-aminolevulinic-dehydrase deficiency porphyria (ADP). This retrospective study describes characteristics of the Danish AHP patient population.
Methods
Department of Endocrinology at Odense University Hospital serves as national AHP center. We performed a 5-year retrospective description of our AHP cohort using electronic patient journals. We included general symptoms, number of acute attacks, hospitalization rates, long-term sequelae and symptoms, and grouped patients according to creatinine-adjusted urinary baseline excretion (i.e., outside attacks) of the porphyrin precursor porphobilinogen (PBG) in normal-, moderate- and high-excretion and unknown.
Results
The cohort contained 129 AHP patients, hereof 100 AIP, 12 HCP and 17 VP. Median age was 47.8 (32.0–62.0) years, and 85 (65.9%) were female. During the 5-years, 37 (28.7%) patients experienced symptoms. Hereof, 20 patients were hospitalized with acute attacks or chronic symptoms and treated with human hemin (n = 14). Most frequently reported symptoms were abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and neurological disturbances. Symptoms were more common in patients with high PBG baseline excretion (n = 39) as compared to those with moderate (n = 31) or normal (n = 40) PBG excretion (p = 0.002). Furthermore, females dominated the symptomatic group (70.3%).
Conclusion
As reported internationally, AHP is more commonly diagnosed and symptomatic in women, and AIP was the most frequent AHP subtype. Those with an elevated urinary baseline PBG secretion were more likely to report AHP-related symptoms.
Morphological characterization, mean performances, character associations, divergence and disease reaction studies to augment improvement of mid-late and late maturity genotypes of Cauliflower under North-Western Himalayas
Authors: . Neha , Mehta Devinder Kumar , Kumar Ramesh , Prashar Arshia , . SRISHTI 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Although numerous varieties have been recommended across different agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh, however the information on high yielding genotypes with superior quality and disease resistance is lacking in this state. Diseases like black rot and stalk rot are the main obstacle preventing cauliflower production from being viable in Himachal Pradesh. Therefore, in this investigation, thirty genotypes of cauliflower were evaluated for morphological characters based on DUS, horticultural traits, character associations, genetic divergence and disease reaction to black rot and stalk rot to identify superior genotypes for commercial cultivation. The experiment was designed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The genotypes were morphologically classified based on twenty one DUS characters. This variation is useful in identification of superior genotypes for inclusion in breeding programmes or direct use as a cultivar. Mean performance of genotypes for various traits disclosed that genotype Pusa Himjyoti recorded the highest marketable curd yield/hectare and genotypes Snowball Super, White Heart, UHF-CAU-1, Early Snowball, UHF-CAU-4, UHF-CAU-8 and KT-18 were determined to be statistically at par with Pusa Himjyoti. All these genotypes have white to snow white curd with self- blanching habit. High heritability along with moderate genetic advance as per cent of mean was showed for net curd weight confirming the occurrence of additive gene action. Correlation coefficient discovered that the number of leaves/plant, plant spread, curd polar diameter, curd equatorial diameter, curd size index, curd solidity, gross plant weight and net curd weight were found to be significantly and positively correlated with marketable curd weight. The maximum positive direct effect on marketable curd weight was contributed by curd equatorial diameter followed by curd polar diameter, net curd weight, curd solidity and number of leaves/plant. Thus, perfection in these traits will lead to higher yield in cauliflower. The D2 analysis grouped the genotypes into three clusters consists maximum genotypes in cluster II. The genotypes were divided into three clusters by the D2 analysis, with cluster II having the highest genotypes. Gross plant weight (32.00%), net curd weight (18.16%), plant height (8.33%) and marketable curd yield (8.21%) were identified as significant traits contributing to divergence. In case of disease reaction studies, no genotype was found resistant to stalk rot but in case of black rot, only one genotype White Heart was found resistant whereas Snowball Super and PSBK-1 showed moderately resistant reaction.
Socioeconomic disparities in optimism and pessimism among children and adolescents: Does age matter?
Authors: Zou Rong , Smyth Bruce M. , Xie Xiaochun , Hua Wei , Wei Gaoxia , Xu Xia , Hong Xiaobin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Socioeconomic status (SES) exhibits graded relationships with psychological resources. Dispositional optimism, a crucial psychological asset, encompasses both optimism and pessimism, two related but separated facets considered to be asymmetric in susceptibility to the impact of SES in adults. Little research has explored (a) the effects of SES disparities on both facets of dispositional optimism in children and adolescents and (b) and whether the effects of SES on these facets change with age on the basis of measurement invariance testing. Addressing these gaps, the present study investigated the associations between SES and optimism and pessimism, and whether these relationships change with age in children and adolescents. A sample of 4730 Chinese participants (ages 9–19) from diverse SES backgrounds completed assessments of family SES, optimism, and pessimism. Analyses revealed a positive SES gradient with optimism and a negative gradient with pessimism. While the SES-optimism link was consistent across ages, the SES-pessimism correlation strengthened with age, suggesting a developmental shift in SES's psychological impact. Our findings shed light on the nuanced and complex ways in which SES intersects with optimism and pessimism during critical developmental periods—potentially guiding more targeted interventions aimed at the stimulation of positive changes in both optimism and pessimism.
Designing a Competency-based Curriculum for an Advanced Training Program in Public Health Emergency Management: A Stepwise, Mixed Method Approach, 2023
Authors: Eteng Womi-Eteng Oboma , Collard Emily , Anebonam Uchenna , Mankoula Wessam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Combating the several public health threats across the African continent requires adequately trained and equipped workforce. The establishment of the 6-month Africa CDC Public Health Emergency Management (PHEM) fellowship provides a pathway for developing a cadre of skilled workforce that is capable of initiating and leading emergency management programs in Africa. Objective: This article presents the process adopted to draw up the curriculum for an advanced training program in Public Health Emergency Management in Africa. Method: A multi-step, mixed methodology was employed in this study. Systematic review process was triangulated with case reviews of similar training programs to provide the first draft of competencies. Through subsequent consultations with experts and technical iterations, the program’s competencies and curriculum were developed. Result: Four successive drafts of the competencies framework were revised based on the recommendations from each stage. The final document was produced, consisting of 3 competency domains and 10 sub-domains. These informed the development of an 11-course syllabus with corresponding learning objectives, outline and content. Conclusion: A curriculum that reflects the foundational skills desirable of professionals engaged in the practice, education, and research in public health emergency management in Africa was developed utilizing mixed methods. Although this exercise was designed for the advanced PHEM Fellowship program at Africa CDC, the emerging competencies and curriculum benchmark competency-based emergency management training across the continent.
Utility of Virtual Angioscopy and CT Value for Type A acute aortic dissectionwith intramural hematoma
Authors: Masuyama Shinji , inoue Takehiko , Ichihara Tetsuya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Type A acute aortic dissection is a fatal disease, but conservative treatment is recommended only when the false lumen is an intramural hematoma and the ascending aorta is not enlarged. However, it is possible that the false lumen diagnosed as intramural hematoma may actually have an ongoing blood inflow, which may exacerbate type A acute aortic dissection in scattered cases. In such cases, a delayed judgment of the exacerbation may be fatal. In addition, conventional computed tomography evaluation alone is difficult to make such a judgment, and it is doubtful that it will lead to a life-saving outcome. In this study, we evaluated intramural hematoma not only by computed tomography imaging but also by numerical analysis. We report a case in which we were able to quickly determine that type A acute aortic dissection with intramural hematoma had worsened and to perform emergency surgery to save the patient's life by using "Virtual angioscopy" and "CT value," which are useful in the diagnosis of intramural hematoma.
PiR-26681: A Promising Therapeutic Inhibitor Targeting METTL3/METTL14 Complex-Mediated FBXO16 M6A Modification and Suppressing the EMT/WNT Pathway in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chen Shuo , Wang Jie-lin , Wu QingHua , Yuan Jing , Bao Hai-juan , Huang Xiang-Chun , Han Yang , Ji Yu-Meng , Cheng Jia-Chen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Ovarian cancer (OV), a prevalent gynecological malignancy, is characterized by poor outcomes and limited treatment options. Compared to patients with early stages of the disease, patients with advanced ovarian cancer have significantly lower survival rates. For these reasons, investigating a nucleic acid that may be a promising treatment for ovarian cancer was the main goal of this study, particularly in terms of preventing the disease from progressing from its primary stage to an advanced one. Significantly, individuals with ovarian cancer displayed a diminished amount of piR-26681, particularly in the later stages of the disease. Moreover, piR-26681 is associated with a favorable prognosis. Overexpression of piR-26681 in ovarian cancer cells significantly inhibited malignant behaviors. Mechanistically, piR-26681 interacted with METTL3 and METTL14, enhancing their stability and facilitating their binding. It also elevated the levels of m6A methylation and enhanced the stability of METTL14 and FBXO16 mRNAs. Consequently, this led to downregulation of β-catenin and suppression of the WNT and EMT signaling pathways. In vivo, experiments using xenograft models and patient-derived organoids (PDOs) further confirmed the tumor-suppressive effects of piR-26681. These findings indicate that piR-26681 represents a potentially promising strategy for improving the treatment outcomes of ovarian cancer.
Comparison of risk scores for the prediction of 30-day mortality after TAVI on the basis of the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Lu Meiling , wang peihe , Xiong Ruijie , sun lu , han zhen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the baseline characteristics of patients admitted to the ICU after TAVI and the ability of six scores (Acute physiology score III(APSIII), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA), Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score(LODS), Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Score(SIRS), oxford acute severity of illness score(OASIS) and Simplified Acute Physiological Score II(SAPSII)) for the severity of ill in critically illness patients on the first day in the ICU with regard to the predict 30-day mortality risk. Data regarding patients who were undergoing TAVI were extracted from the database of MIMIC-IV.The AUCs for APSIII, SOFA, LODS, SIRS, OASIS and SAPSII were 0.882, 0.791, 0.882, 0.669, 0.845 and 0.774. Among the six scoring systems, the OASIS score had the highest sensitivity at 90.5%, while the LODS score had the highest specificity at 83.5%. Clinical decision curves revealed that APSIII had the largest area under the curve, and a slightly better net benefit within the threshold. In intensive care patients with TAVI, APSIII may be a better indicator of short-term mortality.
Clinical outcome of neobladder or augmentation after cystectomy in locally advanced colorectal cancer involving the urinary tract: Case series
Authors: Lee Chunwoo , Nam Wook , Kim Chan Wook , Yoon Yong Sik , You Dalsan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: In most cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) with bladder invasion, ileal conduit diversion is commonly performed. However, with increasing survival rates, quality of life becomes a significant concern, making this approach less favorable. Thus, this study aims to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients with CRC who underwent neobladder or augmentation surgeries.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of nine patients who underwent neobladder or augmentation surgeries combined with surgical management of locally advanced CRC involving the urinary tract between 2011 and 2018 at Asan Medical Center.
Result: Nine patients underwent neobladder or augmentation procedures following extensive cystectomy due to rectal or sigmoid colon cancer. The median age of these patients was 58, ranging from 45 to 71 years. Most of the patients were diagnosed with sigmoid colon cancer, and the bladder was the most commonly affected genitourinary tract organ. Of nine patients, two underwent total cystectomy with neobladder procedures, while seven had partial cystectomy and augmentation due to insufficient residual bladder. Four patients needed ureterectomy because of ureter invasion. Two female patients experienced vesico-vaginal fistula complications. Three out of the nine patients (33%) showed no bladder invasion at the pathological stage. Of the patients, seven achieved full continence while two did not.
Conclusion: Quality of life is crucial for CRC patients with improved survival rates. In our study, postoperative mortality or morbidity was not significant among patients who underwent total cystectomy. Neobladder or augmentation surgeries are feasible options for CRC patients with urinary tract invasion.
Primary pleural small cell carcinoma with paraneoplastic syndrome: A case series
Authors: gupta Rahul kumar , Pundir Sammi , Agrawal Vaibhav 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine tumour that usually presents as a centrally located mass or mediastinal lesion. It clinically manifests as a feature of airway obstruction or haemoptysis with paraneoplastic syndrome being common entity. Extrapulmonary origin and metastatic pleural involvement are rare. Primary pleural involvement without lung lesion is extremely rare in small-cell cancer. In this case series we are describing clinical features with radiological findings and thoracoscopic appearance and histopathology of three cases diagnosed as small cell lung cancer with primary pleural involvement and different paraneoplastic syndrome with their response to chemotherapy.
Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio as biomarker for cardiovascular health and cognitive function in the elderly diabetic and non- diabetic population: a case control study
Authors: Ragheb Christina S. , Masry Manal Roshdy El , Elbasel Mohamed , Galal Mai , Rabiee Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background Atherosclerosis plays a crucial role in the progression of cardiovascular disease, which is still a major global health concern. Its onset and advancement are significantly influenced by inflammation, especially when it comes to the immune system's relationship with hypercholesterolemia. Effective serum biomarkers for atherosclerosis are still elusive, despite continuous research into anti-inflammatory therapies. Both monocytes and high density lipoprotein play important roles in inflammatory and antioxidant processes; whilst high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) provides protective benefits, monocytes are involved in the development of atherosclerotic plaque. The monocyte to high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) has emerged as a promising predictor of cardiovascular events, potentially more sensitive than each one's individual levels. Studies have investigated the relationship between MHR and cardiovascular events in a number of diseases, such as acute coronary syndrome and chronic kidney disease.This study investigates the associations between MHR, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, and cognitive impairment in elderly Egyptian populations, exploring its potential as a diagnostic marker and its role in predicting cognitive decline in diabetic individuals.
Comprehending this intricate correlation is essential for developing preventive measures and targeted interventions for preventing cardiovascular disease and cognitive deterioration in the geriatrics.
Results The study included 100 participants, 50 with type 2 diabetes and 50 non-diabetic, with a mean age of 67 years. Significant negative correlations were found between MHR and the 3MS test (r: -0.353 p=0.012) & (r: -0.170 p=0.238) and between carotid femoral PWV and the 3MS test in diabetics & in non-diabetics (r: -0.453 p=0.001) in both groups, suggesting a potential link between MHR and cognitive impairment.
Conclusion This study highlights the complex relationship between monocyte to HDL-C ratio (MHR), atherosclerosis, and cognitive function in the elderly. Positive correlations were found between MHR and carotid intima-media thickness and carotid femoral PWV, suggesting a role for MHR in atherosclerosis. Notably, a negative correlation between MHR and cognitive function in diabetic individuals suggests a potential link between MHR and cognitive decline.