bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic inflammation in acute intermittent porphyria: a case–control study
Authors: Storjord E , Dahl J A , Landsem A , Fure H , Ludviksen J K , Goldbeck-Wood S , Karlsen B O , Berg K S , Mollnes T E , W. Nielsen E , Brekke O-L 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThis study aimed to examine whether acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is associated with systemic inflammation and whether the inflammation correlates with disease activity. A case–control study with 50 AIP cases and age-, sex- and place of residence-matched controls was performed. Plasma cytokines, insulin and C-peptide were analysed after an overnight fast using multiplex assay. Long pentraxin-3 (PTX3) and complement activation products (C3bc and TCC) were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urine porphobilinogen ratio (U-PBG, µmol/mmol creatinine), haematological and biochemical tests were performed using routine methods. Questionnaires were used to register AIP symptoms, medication and other diseases. All 27 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors investigated were increased significantly in symptomatic AIP cases compared with controls (P &lt; 0·0004). Hierarchical cluster analyses revealed a cluster with high visfatin levels and several highly expressed cytokines including interleukin (IL)-17, suggesting a T helper type 17 (Th17) inflammatory response in a group of AIP cases. C3bc (P = 0·002) and serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels (P = 0·03) were increased significantly in cases with AIP. The U-PBG ratio correlated positively with PTX3 (r = 0·38, P = 0·006), and with terminal complement complex (TCC) levels (r = 0·33, P = 0·02). PTX3 was a significant predictor of the biochemical disease activity marker U-PBG in AIP cases after adjustment for potential confounders in multiple linear regression analyses (P = 0·032). Prealbumin, C-peptide, insulin and kidney function were all decreased in the symptomatic AIP cases, but not in the asymptomatic cases. These results indicate that AIP is associated with systemic inflammation. Decreased C-peptide levels in symptomatic AIP cases indicate that reduced insulin release is associated with enhanced disease activity and reduced kidney function.
Repatriation, Refoulement, Repair
Authors: Collins Erin 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThis article examines Cambodia's immediate, post‐conflict period of sovereign remaking through the lens of refugee containment, circulation and repatriation. The territorial, nation state dimensions of sovereignty are well known. Yet in Cambodia, where sovereign remaking was yoked to a United Nations intervention, a Westphalian basis for sovereign authority is incomplete. Through an analysis of radio broadcasts and bureaucratic papers of the border Khmer Rouge faction, the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia and the State of Cambodia apparatus, this article argues that forced refugee repatriation (refoulement) links biological circulation to geopolitical violence. Where territorial sovereignty separates inside from outside in thick lines on political maps, biopolitical sovereignty inscribes difference on bodies and ecologies, producing inside and outside as categories of racialized difference.
Increased subcortical oligodendroglia‐like cells in pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy in children correlate with extensive epileptogenic zones
Authors: Sakuma Satoru , Halliday William C. , Nomura Ruka , Baba Shiro , Sato Yosuke , Okanari Kazuo , Nakajima Midori , Widjaja Elysa , Boelman Cyrus , Ochi Ayako , Snead O. Carter , Rutka James T. , Drake James , Miller Steven , Otsubo Hiroshi 
Published: November 2016

SummaryObjectiveCortical resections in epilepsy surgery tend to involve multiple lobes in children, compared to adults, partly due to underlying pathology. Oligodendroglia‐like cells (OLCs) have been observed in surgical specimens from children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. We hypothesize that OLCs recruit multiple‐lobe epileptogenic zones in pediatric pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy.MethodsWe examined the surgical specimens from 30 children who underwent epilepsy surgery (1.8‐ to 16.9‐years‐old; mean age 9.7 years). Immunohistochemical assays of OLCs were performed using Olig2, which is a marker of OLC. OLC populations in three sites (gray matter, gray–white matter junction, and white matter) were counted. We also performed immunohistochemical staining with neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for neuronal and astroglial markers, respectively. NeuN‐ and GFAP‐positive cells were distinguished from OLCs. OLC results were compared with seizure types, scalp and intracranial video–electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), surgical resection area, histopathologic diagnosis, and seizure outcome.ResultsHistopathologic diagnosis consisted of 14 cases of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD; type I; 4, type II; 9, type III; one); 6 cases of oligodendrogliosis; 6 cases of astrocytic gliosis; 2 cases of hyaline protoplasmic astrocytopathy; and 2 cases of tuberous sclerosis. Fifteen children (50%) underwent multiple‐lobe resections after intracranial video‐EEG. There was a positive correlation between the number of resected electrodes and the OLC population in the white matter (correlation coefficient 0.581, p = 0.001) and at the gray–white matter junction– (correlation coefficient 0.426, p = 0.027). OLC populations in both areas were increased significantly in nine children with epileptic spasms (ES) (gray–white matter junction [p = 0.021] and white matter [p = 0.025]), and nine nonfocal ictal scalp EEG findings (gray–white matter junction [p = 0.04] and white matter [p = 0.042]). The OLC population in white matter was significantly increased in children with 11 nonfocal interictal scalp EEG findings (p = 0.01), with 15 multiple‐lobe resections (p = 0.028).SignificancePharmacoresistant epilepsy in children with increased OLCs presented with nonfocal epileptiform discharges on scalp EEG and ES, and they required multiple‐lobe resections. We found increased populations of subcortical OLCs in the extensive epileptogenic zone.
Bidirectional Associations Between Newlyweds' Marital Satisfaction and Marital Problems over Time
Authors: Lavner Justin A. , Karney Benjamin R. , Williamson Hannah C. , Bradbury Thomas N. 
Published: November 2016

Prevailing views of marital functioning generally adopt the view that marital problems predict decreases in marital satisfaction, but alternative theoretical perspectives raise the possibility that lowered satisfaction can also predict increases in problems. The current study sought to integrate and compare these perspectives by examining the bidirectional cross‐lagged associations between newlyweds' reports of their marital satisfaction and marital problems over the first 4 years of marriage. Using annual assessments from 483 heterosexual newlywed couples, we find evidence for problem‐to‐satisfaction linkages as well as satisfaction‐to‐problem linkages. Satisfaction was a stronger predictor of marital problems early in marriage but not as time passed; by Year 4 only problem‐to‐satisfaction linkages remained significant. These findings are consistent with the idea that couples with more problems go on to report lower levels of satisfaction and couples with lower levels of satisfaction go on to report more marital problems. This dynamic interplay between global judgments about relationship satisfaction and ongoing specific relationship difficulties highlights the value of examining bidirectional effects to better understand marital functioning over time.
Application of Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Hyperspectral Images for Direct Evaluation of Chemical Elemental Profiles of Coprolites
Authors: Sperança Marco Aurélio , de Aquino Francisco Wendel Batista , Fernandes Marcelo Adorna , Lopez‐Castillo Alejandro , Carneiro Renato Lajarim , Pereira‐Filho Edenir Rodrigues 
Published: November 2016

This study demonstrates the application of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and hyperspectral imaging to the investigation of coprolite and fossil samples. Solid samples from the Permian (seven coprolites and one fossil), Cretaceous (one coprolite) and Oligo‐Miocene (two coprolites) periods were directly analysed, and emission spectra from 186 to 1042 nm were obtained in several areas covering coprolite/fossil and rock material. Initial exploratory analyses were performed using principal component analysis with the data set normalised by the norm (Euclidean norm = 1). After identification and selection of emission lines of eleven elements (Al, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P and Si), the signals were normalised again by the relative intensity of the selected element. Phosphorus was identified mainly in the coprolites, while K and Na were primarily found in the rock material. In several cases, there was a positive correlation between Ca and P. A sample from the Oligo‐Miocene series was also analysed using inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) (rock and coprolites were analysed separately). Based on the quantitative results from ICP‐OES, it was confirmed that the tendency was the same as that observed with the results obtained from LIBS directly in the solid sample.
Anti‐factor VIII antibodies in brothers with haemophilia A share similar characteristics
Authors: Kahle J. , Orlowski A. , Stichel D. , Healey J. F. , Parker E. T. , Donfield S. M. , Astermark J. , Berntorp E. , Lollar P. , Schwabe D. , Königs C. 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionThe development of neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is currently the most serious complication for patients with haemophilia A undergoing FVIII replacement therapy. Several genetic factors have been acknowledged as risk factors for inhibitor development.AimTo analyze the influence of genetic factors on the nature of the humoral immune response to FVIII in eight brother pairs with inhibitors.MethodsThe domain specificity of FVIII‐specific IgG was analysed by antibody binding to FVIII fragments and homologue‐scanning mutagenesis (HSM). The FVIII‐specific IgG subclasses were measured by direct ELISA.ResultsOf the 16 patient analysed with both methods, 12 had A2‐ and 13 had C2‐specific IgG. The presence of A1‐, A3‐ or C1‐specific IgG was identified in nine of 14 patients analysed by HSM. IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses contributed to the anti‐FVIII IgG response, and the amount of FVIII‐specific IgG1 (r = 0.66) and IgG4 (r = 0.69) correlated significantly with inhibitor titres. Patients with high concentrations of total anti‐FVIII IgG (r = 0.69) or high inhibitor titres (r = 0.52) had a high proportion of FVIII‐specific IgG4. Statistical analysis revealed trends/evidence that the subclass distribution (P = 0.0847) and domain specificity to HC/LC (P = 0.0883) and A2/C2 (P = 0.0011) of anti‐FVIII IgG were more similar in brothers compared to unrelated subjects.ConclusionOverall, our data provide a first hint that anti‐FVIII IgG characteristics are comparable among haemophilic brothers with inhibitors. Whether genetic factors also influence the nature of patients’ antibodies needs to be confirmed in a larger study population.
Evaluation of the use of global haemostasis assays to monitor treatment in factor XI deficiency
Authors: Pike G. N. , Cumming A. M. , Thachil J. , Hay C. R. M. , Burthem J. , Bolton‐Maggs P. H. B. 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionPrevious guidelines recommend that FXI:C levels should be used to monitor FXI replacement in factor XI (FXI) deficiency. However, FXI:C levels do not correlate with bleeding tendency in this disorder and may not be the optimal test by which to monitor and determine further treatment in the postoperative period.AimTo assess whether the thrombin generation assay (TGA) and rotational thromboelastometry can be used to monitor FXI replacement peri‐operatively in FXI deficiency and to determine if changes in FXI:C levels correlate with changes in thrombin generation and clot formation parameters following treatment with solvent‐detergent fresh frozen plasma (SD‐FFP).MethodsThe TGA and rotational thromboelastometry were used to measure thrombin generation and clot formation in 11 adults with FXI deficiency who were treated with either SD‐FFP (n = 8) or FXI concentrate (n = 3) as prophylaxis peri‐operatively. Blood samples were taken pre‐ and 30 min post‐treatment.ResultsGlobal haemostasis assays can be used to measure the effect of FXI replacement with SD‐FFP or FXI concentrate in FXI deficiency. Both treatment types improved thrombin generation and clot formation. However, the remaining response to treatment at 24 h post SD‐FFP was variable and changes in FXI:C levels were not predictive of changes in thrombin generation/thromboelastometry parameters after treatment with SD‐FFP.ConclusionGlobal haemostasis assays may provide a more reliable means of monitoring SD‐FFP treatment with the potential to prevent individuals receiving unnecessary treatment, however, their clinical use in decision making needs to be tested in a larger prospective study.
Toward Theological Anthropology: Tracing the Anthropological Principles of John Webster
Authors: Allen Michael 
Published: November 2016

AbstractJohn Webster rooted his doctrine of the human creature in a thick portrait of the living God in and of himself as well as in his works wherein he creates, sustains, redeems and perfects them unto life in him. This essay will seek to unfold, introduce and assess his methodological principles for pursuing a distinctly theological anthropology by attending to his engagement of external threats in postmodern anthropology and internal challenges from christocentric anthropologies. We will suggest ways in which his anthropological project suggests a way forward for those doing systematic work today in as much as it not only offers a confident approach on distinctly Christian terms but slowly ponders the fundamental facets of such a schema, tending to theology and creation prior to a focus upon incarnational Christology as a necessary means of engaging in ‘biblical reasoning’.
Assessing clinically significant prostate cancer: Diagnostic properties of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging compared to three‐dimensional transperineal template mapping histopathology
Authors: Tsivian Matvey , Gupta Rajan T , Tsivian Efrat , Qi Peter , Mendez Melissa H , Abern Michael R , Tay Kae Jack , Polascik Thomas J 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic properties of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the detection, localization and characterization of prostate cancer using three‐dimensional transperineal template mapping biopsy histopathology as the comparator.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients undergoing prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging followed by three‐dimensional transperineal template mapping biopsy was carried out. For imaging and pathology data, the prostate was divided in octants with the urethra being the midline. The index test properties were calculated using the biopsy histopathology as the reference test with the following end‐points: any cancer, any Gleason ≥7, any Gleason ≥7 or cancer length of ≥4 mm and any Gleason ≥7 or 6 mm in any given core. The latter two definitions correspond to 0.2 and 0.5 mL of cancer volume, respectively. Diagnostic properties including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated.ResultsA total of 50 patients were included in the study. A median of 55 (interquartile range 42–63) biopsy cores were obtained per patient. Of 400 prostate octants evaluated, 28.5% had prostate cancer on mapping biopsy, whereas 23% of octants were considered suspicious for cancer on imaging. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging negative predictive values for Gleason ≥7 and clinically significant cancers were 84–100%. Similarly, specificity ranged between 79% and 85%. Sensitivity and positive predictive value remained moderate for all the reference test definitions.ConclusionsMultiparametric magnetic resonance imaging is a useful minimally‐invasive tool for detection, localization and characterization of prostate cancer. This imaging modality has high negative predictive value and specificity, and therefore it could be used to reliably rule out clinically significant cancer, obviating the multicore mapping biopsy.
Evaluation of salivary oxidate stress biomarkers, nitric oxide and C‐reactive protein in patients with oral lichen planus and burning mouth syndrome
Authors: Tvarijonaviciute Asta , Aznar‐Cayuela Cristina , Rubio Camila P. , Ceron José J. , López‐Jornet Pia 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress factors and C‐reactive protein in the saliva of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and burning mouth syndrome (BMS).MethodsThis consecutive, cross‐sectional study included 20 patients with OLP, 19 with burning mouth syndrome (BMS), and 31 control subjects. The oral cavity of each patient was examined and patients responded to a quality of life questionnaire (OHIP‐14) and the xerostomia inventory. The following parameters were measured in whole non‐stimulated saliva: trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC); total antioxidant capacity (TAC); cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC); ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP); C‐reactive protein (CRP); nitric oxide; nitrates; and nitrites.ResultsThe OLP group presented statistically significant differences in reactive oxygen species (ROS) (29 600 cps) in comparison with the control group (39 679 cps) (P < 0.05). In the BMS group, ROS was 29 707 cps with significant difference in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). Significantly higher salivary nitric oxide (145.7 μmol) and nitrite (141.0 μmol) levels were found in OLP patients in comparison with control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionIncreases in nitric oxide and C‐reactive protein were found in the saliva of OLP patients in comparison with BMS and control patients. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Hepatotoxicity of statins and other lipid‐lowering agents
Authors: Björnsson Einar S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStatins are generally well tolerated and adverse effects are relatively rare. Clinical trials are underpowered to detect uncommon adverse effects such as idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury. This review is aimed at covering the current knowledge on the hepatotoxicity associated with statins and other lipid lowering drugs. Both atorvastatin and simvastatin have been associated with more than 50 case reports of liver injury and other statins have been implicated in this type of liver injury as well. Idiosyncratic liver injury due to statins has been reported to occur 1.9%‐5.5% of patients in prospective series of drug‐induced liver injury. Atorvastatin and simvastatin have been associated with positive rechallenge and some case reports have described liver injury following dose escalation of the implicated statin. Mortality from liver injury and/or liver transplantation has been documented in a few patients with statin induced liver injury although the vast majority of patients with liver injury have recovered after cessation of therapy.
Local versus offshore production of ready‐to‐use therapeutic foods and small quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements
Authors: Segrè Joel , Liu Grace , Komrska Jan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractManufacturers on four continents currently produce ready‐to‐use therapeutic foods (RUTF). Some produce locally, near their intended users, while others produce offshore and ship their product long distances. Small quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (SQ‐LNS) such as Nutriset's Enov'Nutributter are not yet in widespread production. There has been speculation whether RUTF and SQ‐LNS should be produced primarily offshore, locally, or both. We analyzed The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Supply Division data, reviewed published literature, and interviewed local manufacturers to identify key benefits and challenges to local versus offshore manufacture of RUTF. Both prices and estimated costs for locally produced product have consistently been higher than offshore prices. Local manufacture faces challenges in taxation on imported ingredients, low factory utilization, high interest rates, long cash conversion cycle, and less convenient access to quality testing labs. Benefits to local economies are not likely to be significant. Although offshore manufacturers offer RUTF at lower cost, local production is getting closer to cost parity for RUTF. UNICEF, which buys the majority of RUTF globally, continues to support local production, and efforts are underway to narrow the cost gap further. Expansion of RUTF producers into the production of other ready‐to‐use foods, including SQ‐LNS in order to reach a larger market and achieve a more sustainable scale, may further close the cost and price gap. Local production of both RUTF and SQ‐LNS could be encouraged by a favorable tax environment, assistance in lending, consistent forecasts from buyers, investment in reliable input supply chains, and local laboratory testing.
AN ANALYSIS ON THE APPLICATION OF EIA PROCESS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Makmor Maisarah , Ismail Zulhabri 
Published: November 2016

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been introduced in Malaysia as an interactive planning tool since 1976 through the Environment Quality Act (EQA) 1975. The implementation of the EIA process in Malaysia has played a significant role in cultivating environmental protection and sustainable development practice in Malaysia. This paper focuses on the EIA process that is being implemented in Malaysia in ensuring effective application of EIA. The purpose of this paper is to present the research findings that have contributed in the analysis of the existing EIA process that is currently implemented in Malaysia. An application of qualitative research was incorporated which utilises in-depth semi-structured interviews in the data collection process. The research findings on the EIA guidelines, policies and the current EIA process are presented to provide a thorough understanding of this study.
OBSERVATIONS ON NUDIBRANCH BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Alqudah Ali , Saad Shahbudin , Susanti Deny , Hadry Noor Faizul , Khodzori Mohd Fikri Akmal , Yusof Muhammaad Hamizan , Rani Mohd Husaini 
Published: November 2016

Phyllidiid Nudibranchs Phyllidia varicosa and Phyllidiella pustulosa were observed under laboratory conditions and abnormal behaviours were recorded. This study described the manoeuvering, mating behaviour, egg laying and abnormal activities. Some abnormal behaviours were recorded while retaining the sample in the aquarium such as emitting noxious chemicals, lifting up the mantle edge to expose the gills and crawling towards the water surface and lie there. Maneuvering behaviour was distinguished when two individuals were interacting with each other before the mating. Mating behaviour started by extending and joining the reproductive organs followed by gamete exchange for several minutes. During the mating behaviour, there was a limited movement like contracting of the body and hiding the rhinophores into the rhino-tube. Egg deposition was observed in the aquarium as natural behavior after mating and as a stress response after placing the sample in the captivity.