bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resident Networks and Corporate Connections: Evidence from World War II Internment Camps
Authors: COHEN LAUREN , GURUN UMIT G. , MALLOY CHRISTOPHER 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTUsing customs and port authority data, we show that firms are significantly more likely to trade with countries that have a large resident population near their firm headquarters, and that these connected trades are their most valuable international trades. Using the formation of World War II Japanese internment camps to isolate exogenous shocks to local ethnic populations, we identify a causal link between local networks and firm trade. Firms are also more likely to acquire target firms, and report increased segment sales, in connected countries. Our results point to a surprisingly large role of immigrants as economic conduits for firms.
A Statewide Profile of Frequent Users of School‐Based Health Centers: Implications for Adolescent Health Care
Authors: Koenig Kevin T. , Ramos Mary M. , Fowler Tara T. , Oreskovich Kristin , McGrath Jane , Fairbrother Gerry 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study is to describe patterns of care and service use among adolescent school‐based health center (SBHC) users in New Mexico and contrast patterns and services between frequent and infrequent users.METHODSMedical claims/encounter data were analyzed from 59 SBHCs located in secondary schools in New Mexico during the 2011–2012 school year. We used Pearson's chi‐square test to examine the differences between frequent (≥4 visits/year) and infrequent users in their patterns of SBHC care, and we conducted logistic regression to examine whether frequent use of the SBHC predicted receipt of behavioral, reproductive, and sexual health; checkup; or acute care services.RESULTSMost of the 26,379 adolescent SBHC visits in New Mexico were for behavioral health (42.4%) and reproductive and sexual health (22.9%). Frequent users have greater odds of receiving a behavioral, reproductive, and sexual health; and acute care visit than infrequent users (p < .001). American Indians, in particular, have higher odds of receiving behavioral health and checkup visits, compared with other races/ethnicities (p < .001).CONCLUSIONSSBHCs deliver core health care services to adolescents, including behavioral, reproductive, and checkup services, to high need populations. American‐Indian youth, more than their peers, use SBHCs for behavioral health and checkups.
“Can't We Just Have Some Sazón?” Student, Family, and Staff Perspectives on a New School Food Program at a Boston High School
Authors: Chatterjee Avik , Daftary Genevieve , Campbell Meg , Gatison Lenward , Day Liam , Ramsey Kibret , Goldman Roberta , Gillman Matthew W. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn September 2013, a Massachusetts high school launched a nutrition program in line with 2013 United States Department of Agriculture requirements. We sought to understand attitudes of stakeholders toward the new program.METHODSWe employed community‐based participatory research methods in a qualitative evaluation of the food program at the school, where 98% of students are students of color and 86% qualify for free/reduced lunch. We conducted 4 student (N = 32), 2 parent (N = 10), 1 faculty/staff focus group (N = 14), and interviews with school leadership (N = 3).RESULTSA total of 10 themes emerged from focus groups and interviews, in 3 categories—impressions of the food (insufficient portion size, dislike of the taste, appreciation of the freshness, increased unhealthy food consumption outside school), impact on learning (learning what's healthy, the program's innovativeness, control versus choice), and concerns about stakeholder engagement (lack of student/family engagement, culturally incompatible foods). A representative comment was: “You need something to hold them from 9 to 5, because if they are hungry, McDonald's is right there.”CONCLUSIONStakeholders appreciated the educational value of the program but stakeholder dissatisfaction may jeopardize its success. Action steps could include incorporating culturally appropriate recipes in the school's menus and working with local restaurants to promote healthier offerings.
Pilot Investigation of the Katie Brown Educational Program: A School‐Community Partnership
Authors: Joppa Meredith C. , Rizzo Christie J. , Nieves Amethys V. , Brown Larry K. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchools in the United States are increasingly being urged to address the problem of adolescent dating violence (DV) with their students. Given the limited time available to implement prevention programming during the school day, brief programs are needed. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a widely disseminated, brief community‐based DV prevention program in partnership with a nonprofit community agency.METHODSWe conducted a randomized waitlist control trial of a 5‐session DV prevention program (active condition) compared to health class as usual (waitlist control condition). Participants were 225 10th‐grade students with a recent dating history in a large public school in New England. Surveys were administered at baseline, end of program, and 3 months postintervention.RESULTSAfter completing the program, students in the active condition reported significantly lower approval of aggression, healthier dating attitudes, and more DV knowledge. These effects were sustained at 3‐month follow‐up. In addition, students in the active condition reported significantly less emotional/verbal and total DV perpetration and victimization at 3‐month follow‐up.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that a brief, community‐based DV prevention curriculum can promote change in behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge among high school students.
Extreme Weight‐Control Behaviors and Suicide Risk Among High School Students
Authors: Johnson Emily R. , Weiler Robert M. , Barnett Tracey E. , Pealer Lisa N. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSuicide is the third leading cause of death for people ages 15‐19. Research has established an association across numerous risk factors and suicide, including depression, substance abuse, bullying victimization, and feelings of alienation. However, the connection between disordered eating as manifested in extreme weight‐control behaviors (EWCB), and suicidal thoughts, ideation, and attempts among adolescents is less understood. Given the prevalence of adolescent suicide, this investigation examined associations between EWCB and suicide risk among high school students.METHODSData were collected from a convenience sample of 4178 students in grades 9‐12 attending 5 public high schools using the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) questionnaire. Logistic regressions were used to estimate associations between EWCB and suicide controlling for grade level and race, reported separately by sex.RESULTSStudents who reported seriously considering suicide had higher odds of exhibiting all 3 EWCBs [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)(male) = 3.0 (confidence interval (CI): 1.4, 6.5); AOR(female) = 4.5 (CI: 2.5, 8.3)]. Moreover, students who reported they made plans about suicide were also more likely to exhibit all EWCBs [AOR(male) = 3.7 (CI: 1.7, 7.9); AOR(female) = 4.2 (CI: 2.3, 7.7)].CONCLUSIONSEWCBs were significantly associated with suicide risk, furthering the evidence suggesting a link between disordered eating and suicide. Findings demonstrated the need for school health services that address disordered eating in the effort to reduce adolescent suicide.
The effectiveness of low‐level laser therapy as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal treatment: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Ren C. , McGrath C. , Jin L. , Zhang C. , Yang Y. 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectivesAlthough low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been demonstrated to have a biomodulatory effect on periodontal tissue, no systematic review has exclusively addressed its effectiveness as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal treatment. This study aimed to evaluate whether an additional benefit exists for the application of LLLT compared with scaling and root planing (SRP) alone.Material and MethodsAn extensive search was conducted in the Cochrane Library (Issue 8, 2015), PubMed (1997) and EMBASE (1947) before August 2015 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The bias risk was assessed with the Cochrane tool for risk of bias evaluation. A meta‐analysis was performed using REVMAN 5.3.ResultsAfter independent screening of 354 initial records, eight publications (seven RCTs) were included. However, six were rated as ‘having a high risk of bias’ as a result of major methodological weakness in ‘allocation concealment’ and ‘blinding of key personnel’. Meta‐analysis showed that LLLT‐mediated SRP demonstrated significant short‐term benefits over SRP monotherapy in the improvement of the probing pocket depth (p = 0.0009 at 1 mo; p = 0.03 at 2 mo) and the level of interleukin‐1β in the gingival crevicular fluid (p = 0.01 at 1 mo). Nevertheless, LLLT failed to show significant additional intermediate‐term (3 and 6 mo) effects in terms of clinical parameters and alveolar bone density.ConclusionThese findings indicated that LLLT showed only short‐term additional benefits after conventional SRP. Its long‐term effects remain unclear due to substantial methodological weaknesses and an insufficient number of current studies. Future RCTs with better designs and longer follow‐up periods are required to assess the effectiveness of LLLT as an adjunctive treatment strategy in patients with periodontal disease.
Obesity and oxidative stress in patients with different periodontal status: a case–control study
Authors: Atabay V. E. , Lutfioğlu M. , Avci B. , Sakallioglu E. E. , Aydoğdu A. 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectiveObesity has become an important global health concern as obesity‐associated adiposity is supposedly related to systemic immunologic and inflammatory alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of obesity on periodontally healthy and diseased tissue according to the changes in malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) levels in gingival crevicular fluid as biomarkers of oxidative stress (OS).Material and MethodsThe study sample comprised systemically healthy normal‐weight (n = 45) and obese (n = 48) adults. Obesity was diagnosed according to body mass index, waist circumference and waist/hip ratio. Periodontal status was evaluated according to plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment level. Participants were distributed among six groups according to obesity and periodontal status, as follows: normal weight+periodontally healthy (NH); normal weight+gingivitis (NG); normal weight+generalized chronic periodontitis (NCP); obese+periodontally healthy (OH); obese+gingivitis (OG); and obese+generalized chronic periodontitis (OCP). MDA, PC and TAOC levels were measured using ELISA.ResultsThe MDA and PC levels in gingival crevicular fluid varied among groups, as follows: NCP > NG > NH (p < 0.01) and OCP > OG > OH (p < 0.01). Conversely, the levels of TAOC in gingival crevicular fluid varied as follows: NCP < NG < NH (p < 0.01) and OCP < OG < OH (p < 0.01). Paired comparisons conducted according to periodontal status showed MDA and PC levels to be higher, and TAOC levels to be lower, in the OCP group than in the NCP group, in the OG group than in the NG group and in the OH group than in the NH group. However, only the differences between the OCP and NCP groups were significant (p < 0.01). In both obese and normal‐weight individuals, clinical assessments showed significant, positive correlations with MDA and PC levels and negative correlations with TAOC levels (p < 0.01).ConclusionObesity may influence periodontal tissue destruction and disease severity by increasing the level of oxidative stress in the presence of periodontal disease.
The CpxRA two‐component system contributes to Legionella pneumophila virulence
Authors: Tanner Jennifer R. , Li Laam , Faucher Sébastien P. , Brassinga Ann Karen C. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe bacterium Legionella pneumophila is capable of intracellular replication within freshwater protozoa as well as human macrophages, the latter of which results in the serious pneumonia Legionnaires’ disease. A primary factor involved in these host cell interactions is the Dot/Icm Type IV secretion system responsible for translocating effector proteins needed to establish and maintain the bacterial replicative niche. Several regulatory factors have been identified to control the expression of the Dot/Icm system and effectors, one of which is the CpxRA two‐component system, suggesting essentiality for virulence. In this study, we generated cpxR, cpxA and cpxRA in‐frame null mutant strains to further delineate the role of the CpxRA system in bacterial survival and virulence. We found that cpxR is essential for intracellular replication within Acanthamoeba castellanii, but not in U937‐derived macrophages. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CpxRA regulates a large number of virulence‐associated proteins including Dot/Icm effectors as well as Type II secreted substrates. Furthermore, the cpxR and cpxRA mutant strains were more sodium resistant than the parental strain Lp02, and cpxRA expression reaches maximal levels during postexponential phase. Taken together, our findings suggest the CpxRA system is a key contributor to L. pneumophila virulence in protozoa via virulence factor regulation.
Looking Beyond “Fistula First” in the Elderly on Hemodialysis
Authors: Murea Mariana , Satko Scott 
Published: March 2016

AbstractVascular access preparation, a pervasive challenge in hemodialysis (HD), is emerging as a multidimensional subject in geriatric nephrology. Previously published guidelines declared arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) as the preferred vascular access for all patients on HD. In this article, the benefit–risk evidence for using AVF versus an alternative access (arteriovenous graft [AVG] or tunneled central venous catheter [TCVC]) in the elderly is pondered. Compared to their younger counterparts, the elderly have significantly lower survival rates independent of the vascular access used for HD. Recent studies point to comparable dialysis survival rates between AVF and AVG or TCVC in subgroups of elderly patients, as well as lower rates of access‐related infections, and lower catheter dependence after AVG compared to AVF construction in these patients. Comprehensive and longitudinal assessments that integrate comorbidities, physical function, cognitive status, and quality of life to estimate prognosis and assist with vascular access selection ought to be employed. In circumstances where patient survival is limited by comorbidities and functional status, AVF is unlikely to confer meaningful benefits compared to AVG or even TCVC in the ill elderly.
How Sentiments Organize Social Action
Authors: Shelly Robert K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSociological studies of affect and associated processes have a long tradition in the discipline, originating with Durkheim's interest in religious belief and practice. Contemporary interest in the area has focused on several distinct instances in which affective evaluations are learned, are expressed toward others, organize behavior in social situations, and change. Attitudes, emotions, feelings, moods, and sentiments are distinguished from one another and studied as distinct factors in the organization of social action. Affective information is socialized in families and reinforced in social institutions as the actor matures. Interaction with others and the exchange of social rewards leads to patterns of social organization in proximal and distal groups as actors identify others who share similar patterns of orientation to social objects. Status structures in groups are reflected in patterns of sentiment distribution. Similarly, sentiment and emotion structures impact status behavior in groups. Technological developments have advanced measurement of emotional reactions, expression of sentiments toward social objects, and identification of social structures in social media. Theoretical developments in the study of sentiment and emotion are highlighted in the essay.
Rentierism and Political Violence
Authors: Costello Matthew 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNations with an abundance of natural resources suffer disproportionately from internal violence, especially civil wars. State reliance on external sources of rent revenue, or rentierism, can lead to violence for several reasons. This article examines three of the primary explanations for the association. A common explanation is that rebel groups are motivated to fight in pursuit of natural resource wealth. An alternative explanation is that grievances, at times resulting in violence, can manifest if rent revenue is used by the state to repress or ignore the citizenry. A third explanation notes that rentier states are structurally weak and therefore vulnerable to violent challenges because elites frequently use rent revenue for personal or political reasons, not national interest. This article also considers where this line of study might be headed, given recent developments. I suggest that future research on rentierism and violence should examine an array of rent revenue streams, not just natural resources. In addition, scholars should take note that resource industries are increasingly privatizing, which has important implications for the classification of rents and, more generally, the study of rentierism.
Developments in Neurosociology
Authors: Kalkhoff Will , Thye Shane R. , Pollock Joshua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNeurosociology is a multilevel, integrative perspective that does not replace, but rather strengthens and is strengthened by, more established sociological traditions. It is a tract of common ground with the neurosciences and other “neuro friendly” social sciences, and so it heralds an exciting period of discovery through an unprecedented synthesis of ideas. To facilitate the continued progress of neurosociology, we address two pressing goals. First, we aim to help sociologists better understand and appreciate the unique and important benefits of thinking neurosociologically. We describe several programs of research in social psychology where the benefits of a neurosociological approach are already being delivered. We show how “interdisciplinarity” involving sociology and neuroscience can (i) contribute to answering nagging questions at the nexus of method and theory, (ii) stimulate theoretical progress by allowing us to take new angles on old problems, and (iii) help us develop useful practical applications. Second, we discuss the need to make the tools of the neurosciences more accessible to sociologists. Interdisciplinary trends are occurring that will take us part of the way, but much of the work is still left to us. We provide some suggestions to help interested colleagues access the means to conduct neurosociological research.
Control and management of congenital Chagas disease in Europe and other non‐endemic countries: current policies and practices
Authors: Soriano‐Arandes Antoni , Angheben Andrea , Serre‐Delcor Nuria , Treviño‐Maruri Begoña , Gómez i Prat Jordi , Jackson Yves 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesIdentifying pregnant women infected with Trypanosoma cruzi is one of the major challenges for preventing and controlling Chagas disease (CD) in non‐endemic countries. The aim of this paper was to perform a policy evaluation of the current practices of congenital Chagas disease (CCD) control in non‐endemic countries and to propose specific targets for enhanced interventions to tackle this emerging health problem outside the endemic areas of Latin America.MethodsWe conducted a mixed method review of CCD policy strategies by searching the literature in the PubMed, Google Scholar and the World Health Organization (WHO) databases using the key terms ‘CCD’, ‘paediatric Chagas disease’ and ‘non‐endemic countries’; as free text and combined as one phrase to increase the search sensitivity. Reviews, recommendations, guidelines and control/surveillance programme reports were included.ResultsOf 427 CCD papers identified in non‐endemic countries, 44 matched the inclusion. Although local programmes were launched in different countries with large numbers of Latin American immigrants, there were considerable disparities in terms of the programmes' distribution, delivery, integration and appropriated CCD control strategies. Moreover, Catalonia, Spain is the only region/country with an established systematic monitoring of CCD in pregnant women from Latin American countries.ConclusionsGiven the worldwide dissemination of CD, the nature of its vertical transmission, and the gaps of the current strategies in non‐endemic countries, there is an urgent need to standardise, expand and reinforce the control measures against CCD transmission.
Multiplex detection and identification of viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens in human blood and plasma using a high‐density resequencing pathogen microarray platform
Authors: Kourout Moussa , Fisher Carolyn , Purkayastha Anjan , Tibbetts Clark , Winkelman Valerie , Williamson Phillip , Nakhasi Hira L. , Duncan Robert 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDThe implementation of nucleic acid–based tests for blood donor screening has improved the safety of the blood supply; however, the increasing number of emerging pathogen tests is burdensome. Development of multiplex testing platforms that allow simultaneous screening for different pathogens is a potential solution.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe TessArray resequencing microarray is a platform that allows multiplex detection and identification of 97 different blood‐borne pathogens in one single test. The objective was to evaluate the lowest concentration detected in blood or plasma, species discrimination, and applicability of the TessArray microarray platform for testing blood donors. Human blood or plasma spiked with selected pathogens (10,000, 1000, or 100 cells or copies/mL), including three viral, four bacterial, and four protozoan pathogens were each tested on this platform. The nucleic acids were extracted, amplified using multiplexed sets of pooled specific primers, fragmented, labeled, and hybridized to a microarray. Finally, the detected sequences were identified using an automated genomic database alignment algorithm.RESULTSThe performance of this platform demonstrated detection for spiked bacterial and protozoan pathogens of 100 cells/mL and viral pathogens as low as 100 copies/mL. Coded specimens, including spiked and negative controls, were identified correctly for blood specimens (31/32, 97%) and for plasma specimens (20/22, 91%) demonstrating the effectiveness of the platform.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that the TessArray microarray platform could be employed for multiplex detection and identification, with a high level of discriminatory power for numerous blood‐borne pathogen targets with potential for use in blood safety.