bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using parent‐ and self‐reports to evaluate eating disturbances in young girls with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Bitsika Vicki , Sharpley Christopher F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundEating Disturbances (ED) often occur in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) but most previous studies have relied on parent‐reported data about males with ASD. Few studies have collected data from younger girls with ASD using self‐reports and parents’ reports.AimsTo compare self‐reports and parents’ reports of ED in a sample of 52 young girls with ASD, a standardised scale for ED was revised for use with younger girls with ASD.MethodsMothers of 52 girls with ASD aged from 6 to 17 years completed the Swedish Eating Assessment for Autism spectrum disorders (SWEAA) on their daughters; the girls also completed the SWEAA as a self‐report.ResultsThe prevalence of severe ED in the sample was low (about 11%). There were minimal significant differences between mothers’ and daughters’ SWEAA responses across most SWEAA subscales. Deletion of several of the original SWEAA items produced a scale that can be used as a self‐report or a carer‐report with young girls with ASD.ConclusionThe clinical assessment of ED via self‐ or parent reports is suggested as a pathway to identify girls with ASD who also exhibit ED so that adequate treatment planning can be developed for them.
Interdisciplinary semantic model for managing the design of a steam-assisted gravity drainage tooling system
Authors: Leitch Michael , Yusuf Yishak , Ma Yongsheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractComplex engineering systems often require extensive coordination between different expert areas in order to avoid costly design iterations and rework. Cyber-physics system (CPS) engineering methods could provide valuable insights to help model these interactions and optimize the design of such systems. In this work, steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), a complex oil extraction process that requires deep understanding of several physical-chemical phenomena, is examined whereby the complexities and interdependencies of the system are explored. Based on an established unified feature modeling scheme, a software modeling framework is proposed to manage the design process of the production tools used for SAGD oil extraction. Applying CPS methods to unify complex phenomenon and engineering models, the proposed CPS model combines effective simulation with embedded knowledge of completion tooling design in order to optimize reservoir performance. The system design is expressed using graphical diagrams of the unified modelling language (UML) convention. To demonstrate the capability of this system, a distributed research group is described, and their activities coordinated using the described CPS model.Highlights A modelling framework is proposed to manage interaction between engineering systems. Phenomenon feature concept is introduced to facilitate knowledge representation. Model framework is extensible and facilitates interoperability. Steam assisted gravity drainage oil extraction process is modelled.
Unusual Iliac Crest Stress Fracture in a Marathoner: A Case Presentation
Authors: West Amy M. , McInnis Kelly C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis case presentation describes a 50‐year‐old healthy woman who developed left‐sided hip pain while training for the Boston Marathon. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a stress fracture of the left iliac body. This injury was unique in that it did not occur in the setting of low bone mineral density and it did not fall into the current published radiographic categorization based on location of injury. This case illustrates an uncommon and atypical bone stress injury in an endurance athlete. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of runners presenting with hip or lumbopelvic pain.Level of EvidenceV
Systemic Judicial Authority: The “Fourth Corner” of “The Judicial Trilemma”?
Authors: Hernández Gleider 
Published: November 2017

Jeffrey Dunoff and Mark Pollack's Judicial Trilemma is a refreshing challenge to prevailing narratives about judicial decision-making in international courts and tribunals and is part of a growing wave of scholarship deploying empirical, social science-driven methodology to theorize the place of judicial institutions in the international legal field. Seeking to peek behind the black robes and divine the reasoning behind judicial decisions without descending into speculation and actively trying to thwart considerations of confidentiality is a fraught endeavor on which I have expressed skepticism in the past. The Judicial Trilemma admirably seeks to overcome these challenges, and I commend the authors for tackling the hard question as to whether one can truly glance behind the black robe.
A green revolution from below? A social approach to fertiliser use in eighteenth-century Flanders
Authors: DE GRAEF PIETER 
Published: November 2017

AbstractProfound changes in output and productivity characterised eighteenth-century agriculture, both in regions of large-scale capitalist farming and smallholding cultivation. Aggregate, macro-level studies offer valuable insights, but often prove unable to explain yield increases. Therefore, this article proposes a social approach to agricultural production through a micro-level analysis of fertilisation strategies, taking the smallholding economy of inland Flanders as a starting point. The household perspective demonstrates that a green ‘fertiliser’ revolution with increasing levels of fertilising intensity and off-farm nutrient inputs was instigated from below on both small and large holdings as a response to the broader economic and societal situation.
Clandestine weddings at the Fleet Prison, c. 1710–1750: who married there?
Authors: FIELD JACOB F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDuring the first half of the eighteenth century, thousands of Londoners (and people from the rest of England) married clandestinely at the Fleet Prison. More weddings were celebrated there than any other location in England. This article will examine quantitatively who was marrying there, detailing their premarital status, origin and occupation. It will show that Londoners who married at the Fleet were broadly representative of London's population topography and occupational structure. The article also examines the non-Londoners who married at the Fleet, and shows that by c. 1750 the Fleet was hosting at least 10 per cent of all marriages in England.
Women and contentious speech in fifteenth-century Brabant
Authors: HAEMERS JELLE , DELAMEILLIEURE CHANELLE 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article revalorises women's protest and popular political ideas in history. A case study focusing on three cities of the Low Countries shows that not only men, but also women were involved when it came to spreading subversive ideas, undermining the authority of urban governors, and mobilising discontent. The analysis of fifteenth-century records of repression from Antwerp, Mechelen and Leuven demonstrates that both male and female commoners permanently strove to change the governmental practices in town by using contentious speech.
Cerebral organoids reveal early cortical maldevelopment in schizophrenia—computational anatomy and genomics, role of FGFR1
Authors: Stachowiak E. K. , Benson C. A. , Narla S. T. , Dimitri A. , Chuye L. E. Bayona , Dhiman S. , Harikrishnan K. , Elahi S. , Freedman D. , Brennand K. J. , Sarder P. , Stachowiak M. K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStudies of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from schizophrenia patients and control individuals revealed that the disorder is programmed at the preneuronal stage, involves a common dysregulated mRNA transcriptome, and identified Integrative Nuclear FGFR1 Signaling a common dysregulated mechanism. We used human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and iPSC-derived cerebral organoids from four controls and three schizophrenia patients to model the first trimester of in utero brain development. The schizophrenia organoids revealed an abnormal scattering of proliferating Ki67+ neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from the ventricular zone (VZ), throughout the intermediate (IZ) and cortical (CZ) zones. TBR1 pioneer neurons and reelin, which guides cortico-petal migration, were restricted from the schizophrenia cortex. The maturing neurons were abundantly developed in the subcortical regions, but were depleted from the schizophrenia cortex. The decreased intracortical connectivity was denoted by changes in the orientation and morphology of calretinin interneurons. In schizophrenia organoids, nuclear (n)FGFR1 was abundantly expressed by developing subcortical cells, but was depleted from the neuronal committed cells (NCCs) of the CZ. Transfection of dominant negative and constitutively active nFGFR1 caused widespread disruption of the neuro-ontogenic gene networks in hESC-derived NPCs and NCCs. The fgfr1 gene was the most prominent FGFR gene expressed in NPCs and NCCs, and blocking with PD173074 reproduced both the loss of nFGFR1 and cortical neuronal maturation in hESC cerebral organoids. We report for the first time, progression of the cortical malformation in schizophrenia and link it to altered FGFR1 signaling. Targeting INFS may offer a preventive treatment of schizophrenia.
Spatial regulation of contractility by Neuralized and Bearded during furrow invagination in Drosophila
Authors: Perez-Mockus Gantas , Mazouni Khalil , Roca Vanessa , Corradi Giulia , Conte Vito , Schweisguth François 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEmbryo-scale morphogenesis arises from patterned mechanical forces. During Drosophila gastrulation, actomyosin contractility drives apical constriction in ventral cells, leading to furrow formation and mesoderm invagination. It remains unclear whether and how mechanical properties of the ectoderm influence this process. Here, we show that Neuralized (Neur), an E3 ubiquitin ligase active in the mesoderm, regulates collective apical constriction and furrow formation. Conversely, the Bearded (Brd) proteins antagonize maternal Neur and lower medial–apical contractility in the ectoderm: in Brd-mutant embryos, the ventral furrow invaginates properly but rapidly unfolds as medial MyoII levels increase in the ectoderm. Increasing contractility in the ectoderm via activated Rho similarly triggers furrow unfolding whereas decreasing contractility restores furrow invagination in Brd-mutant embryos. Thus, the inhibition of Neur by Brd in the ectoderm differentiates the mechanics of the ectoderm from that of the mesoderm and patterns the activity of MyoII along the dorsal–ventral axis.
Forming a three-dimensional porous organic network via solid-state explosion of organic single crystals
Authors: Bae Seo-Yoon , Kim Dongwook , Shin Dongbin , Mahmood Javeed , Jeon In-Yup , Jung Sun-Min , Shin Sun-Hee , Kim Seok-Jin , Park Noejung , Lah Myoung Soo , Baek Jong-Beom 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSolid-state reaction of organic molecules holds a considerable advantage over liquid-phase processes in the manufacturing industry. However, the research progress in exploring this benefit is largely staggering, which leaves few liquid-phase systems to work with. Here, we show a synthetic protocol for the formation of a three-dimensional porous organic network via solid-state explosion of organic single crystals. The explosive reaction is realized by the Bergman reaction (cycloaromatization) of three enediyne groups on 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexaethynyl-9,10-dihydro-9,10-[1,2]benzenoanthracene. The origin of the explosion is systematically studied using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, along with high-speed camera and density functional theory calculations. The results suggest that the solid-state explosion is triggered by an abrupt change in lattice energy induced by release of primer molecules in the 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexaethynyl-9,10-dihydro-9,10-[1,2]benzenoanthracene crystal lattice.
Turbulent mass transfer caused by vortex induced reconnection in collisionless magnetospheric plasmas
Authors: Nakamura T. K. M. , Hasegawa H. , Daughton W. , Eriksson S. , Li W. Y. , Nakamura R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMagnetic reconnection is believed to be the main driver to transport solar wind into the Earth’s magnetosphere when the magnetopause features a large magnetic shear. However, even when the magnetic shear is too small for spontaneous reconnection, the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability driven by a super-Alfvénic velocity shear is expected to facilitate the transport. Although previous kinetic simulations have demonstrated that the non-linear vortex flows from the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability gives rise to vortex-induced reconnection and resulting plasma transport, the system sizes of these simulations were too small to allow the reconnection to evolve much beyond the electron scale as recently observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft. Here, based on a large-scale kinetic simulation and its comparison with MMS observations, we show for the first time that ion-scale jets from vortex-induced reconnection rapidly decay through self-generated turbulence, leading to a mass transfer rate nearly one order higher than previous expectations for the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability.
Ocean forecasting of mesoscale features can deteriorate by increasing model resolution towards the submesoscale
Authors: Sandery Paul A. , Sakov Pavel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSubmesoscale dynamics are ubiquitous in the ocean and important in the variability of physical, biological and chemical processes. Submesoscale resolving ocean models have been shown to improve representation of observed variability. We show through data assimilation experiments that a higher-resolution submesoscale permitting system does not match the skill of a lower resolution eddy resolving system in forecasting the mesoscale circulation. Predictability of the submesoscale is inherently lower and there is an inverse cascade in the kinetic energy spectrum that lowers the predictability of the mesoscale. A benefit of the higher-resolution system is the ability to include information content from observations to produce an analysis that can at times compare more favourably with remotely sensed satellite imagery. The implication of this work is that in practice, higher-resolution systems will provide analyses with enhanced spatial detail but will be less skilful at predicting the evolution of the mesoscale features.
Global role of the bacterial post-transcriptional regulator CsrA revealed by integrated transcriptomics
Authors: Potts Anastasia H. , Vakulskas Christopher A. , Pannuri Archana , Yakhnin Helen , Babitzke Paul , Romeo Tony 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCsrA is a post-transcriptional regulatory protein that is widely distributed among bacteria. This protein influences bacterial lifestyle decisions by binding to the 5′ untranslated and/or early coding regions of mRNA targets, causing changes in translation initiation, RNA stability, and/or transcription elongation. Here, we assess the contribution of CsrA to gene expression in Escherichia coli on a global scale. UV crosslinking immunoprecipitation and sequencing (CLIP-seq) identify RNAs that interact directly with CsrA in vivo, while ribosome profiling and RNA-seq uncover the impact of CsrA on translation, RNA abundance, and RNA stability. This combination of approaches reveals unprecedented detail about the regulatory role of CsrA, including novel binding targets and physiological roles, such as in envelope function and iron homeostasis. Our findings highlight the integration of CsrA throughout the E. coli regulatory network, where it orchestrates vast effects on gene expression.
Pericytes regulate VEGF-induced endothelial sprouting through VEGFR1
Authors: Eilken Hanna M. , Diéguez-Hurtado Rodrigo , Schmidt Inga , Nakayama Masanori , Jeong Hyun-Woo , Arf Hendrik , Adams Susanne , Ferrara Napoleone , Adams Ralf H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPericytes adhere to the abluminal surface of endothelial tubules and are required for the formation of stable vascular networks. Defective endothelial cell-pericyte interactions are frequently observed in diseases characterized by compromised vascular integrity such as diabetic retinopathy. Many functional properties of pericytes and their exact role in the regulation of angiogenic blood vessel growth remain elusive. Here we show that pericytes promote endothelial sprouting in the postnatal retinal vasculature. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we show that the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) by pericytes spatially restricts VEGF signalling. Angiogenic defects caused by pericyte depletion are phenocopied by intraocular injection of VEGF-A or pericyte-specific inactivation of the murine gene encoding VEGFR1. Our findings establish that pericytes promote endothelial sprouting, which results in the loss of side branches and the enlargement of vessels when pericyte function is impaired or lost.
Interference-like patterns of static magnetic fields imprinted into polymer/nanoparticle composites
Authors: Yang Zhijie , Wei Jingjing , Giżynski Konrad , Song Myung-Geun , Grzybowski Bartosz A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInterference of waves is important and used in many areas of science and technology but does not extend to static magnetic fields which lack the wave structure. On the other hand, magnetic fields can be spatially modulated using microstructured materials comprising magnetic and non-magnetic domains. Here, we show that when such spatial modulation is coupled to the dynamics of magnetic particles, it can give rise to interference-like patterns. These patterns are imprinted into thin polymer films by overlaying “stamps” presenting periodic arrays of magnetic and nonmagnetic regions. The structures that emerge from such a superposition are sensitive to any motions of the stamps, can depend on the history of these motions, can produce features significantly smaller than those in the stamps, and can be either planar or three-dimensional.
A study of the ground-attachment process in natural lightning with emphasis on its breakthrough phase
Authors: Tran M. D. , Rakov V. A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSynchronized high-speed (124 or 210 kiloframes per second) video images and wideband electromagnetic field records of the attachment process were obtained for 4 negative strokes in natural lightning at the Lightning Observatory in Gainesville, Florida. The majority of imaged upward connecting leaders (UCLs) and upward unconnected leaders, inferred to be mostly initiated from trees, exhibited a pulsating behavior (brightening/fading cycles). UCLs, whose maximum extent ranged from 11 to 25 m, propagated in virgin air at speeds ranging from 1.8 × 105 to 6.0 × 105 m/s with a mean of 3.4 × 105 m/s. Within about 100 m of the ground, the ratio of speeds of the downward negative leader and the corresponding positive UCL was about 3–4 for 2 events and 0.5 for 1 event. The breakthrough phase (final jump) was imaged for 2 events. The initial length of the common streamer zone (CSZ) was estimated to be about 30–40 m. For 2 events, speeds of positive and negative leaders developing toward each other inside the CSZ were found to be between 2.4 × 106 and 3.7 × 106 m/s. For 1 event, opposite polarity leaders were observed to accelerate inside the CSZ. The current at the end of the breakthrough phase, lasting on average 4.7 μs, was estimated to be approximately one-half of the overall current peak. Thus, about one-half of the current peak traditionally attributed to the return-stroke process is actually associated with two leaders extending toward each other to collision inside the CSZ.
Body size estimation in women with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls using 3D avatars
Authors: Cornelissen Katri K. , McCarty Kristofor , Cornelissen Piers L. , Tovée Martin J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA core feature of anorexia nervosa is an over-estimation of body size. However, quantifying this over-estimation has been problematic as existing methodologies introduce a series of artefacts and inaccuracies in the stimuli used for judgements of body size. To overcome these problems, we have: (i) taken 3D scans of 15 women who have symptoms of anorexia (referred to henceforth as anorexia spectrum disorders, ANSD) and 15 healthy control women, (ii) used a 3D modelling package to build avatars from the scans, (iii) manipulated the body shapes of these avatars to reflect biometrically accurate, continuous changes in body mass index (BMI), (iv) used these personalized avatars as stimuli to allow the women to estimate their body size. The results show that women who are currently receiving treatment for ANSD show an over-estimation of body size which rapidly increases as their own BMI increases. By contrast, the women acting as healthy controls can accurately estimate their body size irrespective of their own BMI. This study demonstrates the viability of combining 3D scanning and CGI techniques to create personalised realistic avatars of individual patients to directly assess their body image perception.
Carbon Contamination During Ion Irradiation - Accurate Detection and Characterization of its Effect on Microstructure of Ferritic/Martensitic Steels
Authors: Wang Jing , Toloczko Mychailo B. , Kruska Karen , Schreiber Daniel K. , Edwards Danny J. , Zhu Zihua , Zhang Jiandong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAccelerator-based ion beam irradiation techniques have been used to study radiation effects in materials for decades. Although carbon contamination induced by ion beams in target materials is a well-known issue in some material systems, it has not been fully characterized nor quantified for studies in ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steels that are candidate materials for applications such as core structural components in advanced nuclear reactors. It is an especially important issue for this class of material because of the strong effect of carbon level on precipitate formation. In this paper, the ability to quantify carbon contamination using three common techniques, namely time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), atom probe tomography (APT), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is compared. Their effectiveness and shortcomings in determining carbon contamination are presented and discussed. The corresponding microstructural changes related to carbon contamination in ion irradiated F/M steels are also presented and briefly discussed.
The role of forelimb motor cortex areas in goal directed action in mice
Authors: Morandell Karin , Huber Daniel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMammalian motor cortex consists of several interconnected subregions thought to play distinct roles in voluntary movements, yet their specific role in decision making and execution is not completely elucidated. Here we used transient optogenetic inactivation of the caudal forelimb area (CFA) and rostral forelimb area (RFA) in mice as they performed a directional joystick task. Based on a vibrotactile cue applied to their forepaw, mice were trained to push or pull a joystick after a delay period. We found that choice and execution are temporally segregated processes. CFA and RFA were both essential during the stimulus delivery for correct choice and during the answer period for motor execution. Fine, distal motor deficits were restricted to CFA inactivation. Surprisingly, during the delay period neither area alone, but only combined inactivation was able to affect choice. Our findings suggest transient and partially distributed neural processing of choice and execution across different subregions of the motor cortex.