bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio-oil production from fast pyrolysis of maple fruit (acer platanoides samaras): product yields
Authors: Bahadir Ali , Kar Turgay , Keles Sedat , Kaygusuz Kamil 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate fast pyrolysis of maple fruit as an energy sources. This could serve as a solution to the energy sources problem.

Design/methodology/approach
Fast pyrolysis of maple fruit (samara) was achieved in a fixed bed reactor. The pyrolysis experiments have been conducted on the sample of maple seeds to particularly determine the effects of pyrolysis temperature, particle size and sweep gas flow rate on the pyrolysis product yields.

Findings
The oil of maple fruit from fast pyrolysis has good properties to be a potential candidate as a biofuel or as a source of chemicals. In addition to being environmentally desirable, it can reduce the energy cost, e.g. that Turkey imports a majority of its energy.

Originality/value
The use of maple fruit for fast pyrolysis and pyrolysis conditions impact on the yields of pyrolysis liquid can be considered as novel aspects of this paper.
Analysis of 24Slot wound field salient rotor switched-flux machine based on 2D-FEA
Authors: Khan Faisal , Sulaiman Erwan , Ali Soomro Hassan , Omar Fairoz , Ahmad Zarafi 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The paper aims to propose and compare two new structures of a three-phase wound field salient rotor (WFSR) switched-flux motor (SFM) with 24 stator slots and 10 or 14 rotor poles, respectively, for high-speed operation.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper outlines the motor general construction and design concept of proposed machines. Flux linkage, average torque, rotor mechanical strength and torque–speed characteristics of both machines were analyzed and compared by two-dimensional finite element analysis (2D-FEA). Deterministic optimization method was adopted to enhance the characteristics of 24Slot-10Pole WFSR SFM.

Findings
The paper provides simulation results and discusses how 24Slot-10Pole WFSR SFM structure is superior to the 24Slot-14Pole in the aspects of flux linkage, average torque and power. It further concludes that the optimized design of 24Slot-10P has achieved 58 and 72 per cent higher average torque and power compared to initial design, as well as high average torque and power compared to 24Slot-14P design.

Originality value
Optimized structure of the 24Slot-10Pole WFSR SFM with non-overlapping windings has been proposed.
Estimation of solar radiation from digital elevation model in area of rough topography
Authors: Mahmoud Sabo Lurwan , Mariun Norman , Hizam Hashim , Mohd Radzi Mohd Amran , Zakaria Azmi 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability of the technique for estimating solar radiation in areas of rough topography and to detect the source of error and means for improvement.

Design/methodology/approach
Spatial data of the study area in the form of digital elevation model (DEM) coupled with geographic information system (GIS) were used to estimate the monthly solar radiation at locations with rough topography. The generated data were compared with measured data collected from all the selected locations using NASA data.

Findings
The results show that the variation in topographic parameters has a strong influence on the amount of solar radiation received by two close locations. However, the method performed well for solar radiation estimated in the areas of rough topography.

Research limitations/implications
The proposed approach overestimates the monthly solar radiation as compared with NASA data due to the impact of topographic parameters accounted for by the model which are not accounted by conventional methods of measurements. This approach can be improved by incorporating the reflected component of radiation in the model used to estimate the solar radiation implemented in the GIS.

Originality/value
The approach of using GIS with DEM to estimate solar radiation enables to identify the spatial variability in solar radiation between two closest locations due to the influence of topographic parameters, and this will assist in proper energy planning and decision making for optimal areas of solar photovoltaic installation.
Evaluation of some mathematical models of solar radiation received by a ground collector
Authors: Zaatri Abdelouahab , Azzizi Norelhouda 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Using modeling approaches, this paper aims to propose different mathematical models for estimating the different components of the solar radiation as well as the received solar energy by a collector.

Design/methodology/approach
In this article, the authors consider three mathematical models to estimate the solar radiation captured at ground level by a solar collector. These models are Capderou model, Liu & Jordan model and R.sun model. In the context of the design of experiments, we performed measurements of solar radiation received by a collector using a pyranometer. The obtained measurements were compared with the three mathematical models.

Findings
The comparison enabled the subsequent evaluation to determine the most appropriate model that best fit for our region. As a result, the Capderou model reveals to be the most suitable for our region.

Originality/value
Estimation of solar radiation at ground level (received by a collector) is of paramount importance for the design and optimization of solar energy systems. Nevertheless, many factors influence the amount of energy received by a collector situated at a ground, such as the longitude of the location, latitude, altitude, tilt collector orientation, temperature and humidity of the environment, wind speed, etc. Because of the complex influence of these parameters, the received solar radiation by the collector is a dynamical and a random process.
Experimental investigation into the adherence of novel coating of auto-catalyst on cordierite supports
Authors: Obada David O. , Dauda Muhammad , Anafi Fatai O. , Ahmed Abdulkarim S. , Ajayi Olusegun A. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
A structural and textural characterization study has been performed to investigate the adherence of zeolite-based catalyst washcoated onto honey-comb-type cordierite monoliths. The supports were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques.

Design/methodology/approach
SEM/EDS provided quantitative estimate of the washcoated monolith as the elemental composition of catalyst coating. The XRD pattern deduced that the zeolite-based catalysts were successfully mounted on the cordierite support, showing the characteristic peaks of zeolites (Zeolite Socony Mobil–5; ZSM-5) at Braggs angles of 7.88°, 8.76°, 23.04°, 23.88° and 24.36°, whereas the characteristic peak of cordierite is seen at a Braggs angle of 10.44°.

Findings
The BET results proved that a monolayer of zeolite may serve the need for surface area and porosity. This was evident in the increase of surface area of washcoated support as against the bare support. The obtained isotherms were of Type IV, illustrating the presence of mesopores. The adsorption and desorption isotherm branches coincided over the interval 0 < P/P0 < 0.50 and 0 < P/P0 < 0.45, showing N2 reversible adsorption for the two samples, respectively.

Originality/value
It was concluded that the composite materials which are ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 25) and precursors of the transition salts of copper, zinc and ceria powders were deposited on the catalyst supports, establishing the success of the coating procedure relative to the adherence of the catalyst compositions on the ceramic support.
A semi-analytical analysis on beam-column ultimate strength with different initial deflections
Authors: Li Zhongwei , Yu Xiaochuan 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
A new beam-column ultimate strength calculation method has been developed and compared with nonlinear finite element analysis by ANSYS and ABAQUS.

Design/methodology/approach
A computer code ULTBEAM2 based on this method has been used for one and three span beam-columns with I-shaped cross-section under axial compression.

Findings
This paper studies the ultimate strength of beam-columns with various initial deflections of different shapes and magnitudes.

Originality/value
The comparison of ULTBEAM2 and finite element analysis shows good agreement for all cases with different initial deflections.
Estimation of monthly wind speed distribution basing on hybrid Weibull distribution
Authors: Ihaddadene Razika , Ihaddadene Nabila , Mostefaoui Marouane 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare four numerical methods to estimate the most suitable one which describes wind speed distribution of M’Sila, a province of northern Algeria.

Design/methodology/approach
The site chosen in this investigation is characterized by calm winds; in this case, the appropriate wind speed distribution is that of hybrid Weibull.

Findings
The four numerical methods used in the present paper are the maximum likelihood method, the graphical method, the moment method and the energy pattern factor method. The hybrid Weibull distributions using the abovementioned approaches are compared with the measured data via three statistical parameters, namely, the correlation coefficient, the root mean square error and the Chi-square error.

Originality/value
The obtained results showed that the moment method is the suitable one in describing month and annual wind speed hybrid Weibull parameters of this region.
The design of Viterbi decoder for low power consumption space time trellis code without adder architecture using RTL model
Authors: Abu Mohd Azlan , Harun Harlisya , Yazdi Harmin Mohammad , Abdul Wahab Noor Izzri , Abdul Kadir Muhd Khairulzaman 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to describe the real-time design and implementation of a Space Time Trellis Code decoder using Altera Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD).

Design/methodology/approach
The code uses a generator matrix designed for four-state space time trellis code (STTC) that uses quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation scheme. The decoding process has been carried out using maximum likelihood sequences estimation through the Viterbi algorithm.

Findings
The results showed that the STTC decoder can successfully decipher the encoded symbols from the STTC encoder and can fully recover the original data. The data rate of the decoder is 50 Mbps.

Originality/value
It has been shown that 96 per cent improvement of the total logic elements in Max V CPLD is used compared to the previous literature review.
On firefly algorithm: optimization and application in mobile robot navigation
Authors: Patle B.K. , Parhi Dayal R. , Jagadeesh A. , Kashyap Sunil Kumar 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to propose an optimized overview of firefly algorithm (FA) over physical-natural impression of fireflies and its application in mobile robot navigation under the natural intelligence mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach
The brightness and luminosity are the decision variables in proposed study. The paper achieves the two major goals of robot navigation; first, the optimum path generation and, second, as an obstacle avoidance by co-in-centric sphere-based geometrical technique. This technique comprises the optimum path decision to objective function and constraints to paths and obstacles as the function of algebraic-geometry co-relation. Co-in-centric sphere is the proposed technique to correlate the constraints.

Findings
It is found that the present FA based on concentric sphere is suitable for efficient navigation of mobile robots at the level of optimum significance when compared with other approaches.

Originality/value
The paper introduces a novel approach to implement the FA for unknown and uncertain environment.
Plant, soil and microbial controls on grassland diversity restoration: a long‐term, multi‐site mesocosm experiment
Authors: Fry Ellen L. , Pilgrim Emma S. , Tallowin Jerry R.B. , Smith Roger S. , Mortimer Simon R. , Beaumont Deborah A. , Simkin Janet , Harris Stephanie J. , Shiel Robert S. , Quirk Helen , Harrison Kate A. , Lawson Clare S. , Hobbs Phil J. , Bardgett Richard D. 
Published: January 2017

Summary

The success of grassland biodiversity restoration schemes is determined by many factors; as such their outcomes can be unpredictable. There is a need for improved understanding of the relative importance of below‐ground factors to restoration success, such as contrasting soil type and management intensities, as well as plant community composition and order of assembly.

We carried out an 8‐year mesocosm experiment across three locations in the UK to explore the relative and interactive roles of various above‐ground and below‐ground factors in the establishment of target species, to determine general constraints on grassland restoration. Each location had a series of mesocosms with contrasting soil types and management status, which were initially sown with six grasses typical of species‐poor grasslands targeted for restoration.

Over 5 years, sets of plant species were added, to test how different vegetation treatments, including early‐coloniser species and the hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor, and soil type and management, influenced the establishment of target plant species and community diversity.

The addition of early‐coloniser species to model grasslands suppressed the establishment of target species, indicating a strong priority effect. Soil type was also an important factor, but effects varied considerably across locations. In the absence of early‐coloniser species, low soil nutrient availability improved establishment of target species across locations, although R. minor had no beneficial effect.

Synthesis and applications. Our long‐term, multi‐site study indicates that successful restoration of species‐rich grassland is dependent primarily on priority effects, especially in the form of early‐coloniser species that suppress establishment of slow‐growing target species. We also show that priority effects vary with soil conditions, being stronger in clay than sandy soils, and on soils of high nutrient availability. As such, our work emphasises the importance of considering priority effects and local soil conditions in developing management strategies for restoring plant species diversity in grassland.
When road‐kill hotspots do not indicate the best sites for road‐kill mitigation
Authors: Zimmermann Teixeira Fernanda , Kindel Andreas , Hartz Sandra Maria , Mitchell Scott , Fahrig Lenore 
Published: January 2017

Summary

The effectiveness of measures installed to mitigate wildlife road‐kill depends on their placement along the road. Road‐kill hotspots are frequently used to identify priority locations for mitigation measures. However, in situations where previous road mortality has reduced population size, road‐kill hotspots may not indicate the best sites for mitigation.

The purpose of this study was to identify circumstances in which road‐kill hotspots are not appropriate indicators for the selection of the best road‐kill mitigation sites. We predicted that: (i) road‐kill hotspots can move in time from high‐traffic road segments to low‐traffic segments, due to population depression near the high‐traffic segment caused by road mortality; (ii) this shift will occur earlier for more mobile species because they should interact more often with the road; (iii) this shift can occur even if the low‐traffic segment runs through lower quality habitat than the high‐traffic segment. To test these predictions, we simulated population size and road‐kill over time for two populations, one exposed to a road segment with high traffic and the other to a road segment with low traffic.

Our simulation results supported Predictions 1 and 3, while Prediction 2 was not supported.

Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that, for new roads, road‐kill hotspots can be useful to indicate appropriate sites for mitigation. On older roads, road‐kill hotspots may not indicate the best sites for road mitigation due to population depression caused by road mortality. Direct measures of the road impact on the population, such as per capita mortality, are better indicators of appropriate mitigation sites than road‐kill hotspots.
Content and cultural validity in the development of the Indigenous Play Partner Scale
Authors: Dender Alma M. , Stagnitti Karen E. 
Published: January 2017

Background/aimCulturally relevant assessments of Australian Indigenous children's social pretend play do not exist. This study investigated the content validity and cultural validity of the Indigenous Play Partner Scale (I‐PPS).MethodsSix pairs of children (i.e. 12 children) aged four–six years from a remote Australian town were videoed playing in pairs, and 14 community elders and mothers participated across three focus groups. The social interactions between the children were transcribed from the videos. Nineteen verbs, grouped into five categories of social interaction, described the social interactions between the pairs of children. The descriptions of the social interaction verbs were presented to the community elders and mothers in a focus group.ResultsThe themes from the focus groups were ‘background of Indigenous understanding of play’ and ‘proposed social interaction verbs’. The first theme reflected community collaboration, children playing in multi‐aged groups and the role of older children within the play. Guided by the focus group discussion, the videos were re‐analysed and 20 social interaction verbs were described that reflected the cultural context of play.ConclusionsThe content and cultural validity of the I‐PPSwas established through community consultation. Twenty social interaction verbs, which form the basis of the items of the I‐PPS, reflected Indigenous cultural values of being non‐judgemental of Indigenous children's social interactions during pretend play. Culturally relevant assessments for Australian Indigenous children do not disadvantage this population group and are essential for practice in occupational therapy.
Cholestyramine alters bile acid amounts and the expression of cholesterol‐related genes in rabbit intestinal and hepatic tissues
Authors: Qiu Dong Ni , Shang Quan , Sun Da Yu , Ding Wei Qun , Luo Zhong Guang , Chen Jian , Jiang Wei Ru , Huang Jian Ping , Jiang Xiao Yun 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVECholestyramine (CHO), as a bile acid sequestering exchange resin, has been widely used to treat hypercholesterolemia. The aim of this study was to explore how CHO regulated serum cholesterol amounts and bile acid levels in animal models.
METHODS
New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned to the control (given distilled water) and CHO‐treated (given CHO solution 1 g/kg per day for 2 weeks) groups. To assess bile acid pool size, bile fistulas were constructed in five rabbits in each group. Serum cholesterol levels and biliary and fecal bile outputs were determined. Liver cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase (
CYP7A1
), small heterodimer partner (
SHP
), bile salt export pump (
BSEP
), ileal bile acid‐binding protein (
IBABP
) and LDL receptor (
LDL‐R
) mRNA expressions were assessed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. CYP7A1 activity was also determined.
RESULTS
CHO treatment decreased serum cholesterol levels by 12.1%. Although CHO did not change the bile acid pool size and biliary bile acid output, it significantly increased fecal bile acid output. Interestingly, CHO also significantly increased the expression and activity of CYP7A1, as well as
IBABP
and
LDL‐R
mRNA expressions, but decreased hepatic
SHP
and
BSEP
gene expressions.
CONCLUSION
CHO markedly alters bile acid and cholesterol amounts in rabbit intestinal and liver tissues, downregulating genes responsible for cholesterol homeostasis.
Evaluation of an acoustic telemetry transmitter designed to identify predation events
Authors: Halfyard Edmund A. , Webber D. , Del Papa J. , Leadley T. , Kessel S. T. , Colborne S. F. , Fisk A. T. 
Published: January 2017

Summary

The field of acoustic telemetry has evolved rapidly and now permits the remote sensing of animal behaviour, movement, physiology and survival in environments, and species not previously possible. However, an inability to detect when a telemetered animal is consumed by a predator can complicate accurate interpretation of the telemetry data. In this paper, we describe the efforts taken to test the two generations of a novel prototype acoustic telemetry transmitter designed specifically to detect predation.

Testing involved either staged predation events where tagged prey (Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Yellow Perch Perca flavescens) were fed to captive Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, or false‐positive testing where prey fish were tagged and held without the risk of predation. Metrics of interest were (i) the rate of correctly identifying the predation events, (ii) signal lag (i.e. the time required to detect a predation event), (iii) tag retention time in the predator's gut, and (iv) the rate of false‐positive triggering in both live and dead prey fishes.

Staged predation events were successfully identified in 61/65 and 52/55 trials for generation 1 and 2 tags, respectively. Signal lag time was reduced in generation 1 tags (generally between 1 and 9 h) relative to generation 2 (3–29 h); although signal lag was highly variable. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) indicated strong evidence that signal lag and tag retention were both negatively correlated with water temperature, but were not affected by prey species and only slightly by individual predator traits. There was preliminary evidence that prey size may be an important determinant of both signal lag and tag retention. False‐positives in live fish were absent after 120 days for generation 1 tags (n = 31), however, the false‐positive rates were significantly higher (10/44) after only 66 days for generation 2 tags. False‐positives in dead fish showed that 20% of the generation 2 predation tags would falsely trigger 2–3 days post‐mortem.

Testing of the novel predation tags was encouraging, however, further testing is recommended. Predation tags will be an important contribution to the field of acoustic telemetry, thus, permitting the improved data interpretation and less‐subjective estimates of predation rates in biotelemetry studies.