bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The usefulness of pedicled perforator flap in partial breast reconstruction after breast conserving surgery in Korean women
Authors: Kim Jae Bong , Kim Dong Kyu , Lee Jeong Woo , Choi Kang Young , Chung Ho Yun , Cho Byung Chae , Park Ho Yong , Lee Jee Yeon , Yang Jung Dug 
Published: October 2017

Background The emergence of breast-conserving surgery combined with radiotherapy as the treatment of choice for early stage breast cancer has resulted in greater focus on oncoplastic breast surgery. The use of perforator flaps has particularly gained in reputation for its effectiveness in the reconstruction of partial breast defects in Korean women. Herein, we present our experience with the use of thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) and lateral intercostal artery perforator (LICAP) flaps.
Methods This study included 33 patients who underwent breast reconstruction using TDAP or LICAP flaps at our hospital from January 2011 to December 2014. Data from patient medical records, and patient satisfaction surveys, which were conducted 12 months postoperatively, were retrospectively evaluated.
Results TDAP and LICAP flap-based reconstructions were performed in 14 and 19 patients, respectively. Five patients developed complications that required additional intervention. Overall patient satisfaction was observed to be excellent in 15 (46%) patients, and good in 12 (36%).
Conclusions Based on our experience, oncoplastic breast surgery using TDAP or LICAP flap is an effective remodeling technique for small-to-moderate breast defects in Korean women with smaller breasts.
Correlation between the time elapsed after liposuction and the risk of fat embolism: An animal model
Authors: Lim Kwang-Ryeol , Cho Jeong-Min , Yoon Chung-Min , Lee Keun-Cheol , Lee Sang-Yun , Ju Mi-Ha 
Published: October 2017

Background Liposuction has become one of the most frequently performed procedures in the field of aesthetic surgery. Fat embolism syndrome after liposuction can easily be overlooked or underestimated; however, occasionally, fulminating fat embolism syndrome can develop and lead to a critical situation within 2–3 days after lipoplasty. Changes over time in the amount of circulating fat particles and the histology of major organs have not yet been studied.
Methods This study was conducted using 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 12 weeks and weighing 500–628 g (average, 562 g). Fifteen rats were used as the experimental group and 3 as the control group. Under general anesthesia, tumescent-technique liposuction was performed at the lateral flank areas and abdomen for 1 hour. Blood, lung, and brain tissue specimens were obtained at 1 hour, 1 day, and 2 days after the liposuction procedure.
Results The average number of fat particles in the blood samples was 25,960/dL at 1 hour, 111,100/dL at 24 hours, and 21,780/dL at 48 hours. The differences between study groups were statistically significant. Both intravascular and extravascular fat particles with inflammation were seen in all 15 rats, as were inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, and consolidation with shrinkage of the lung alveoli.
Conclusions These results imply that there is a strong possibility of fat embolism syndrome after liposuction in real clinical practice, and the first 24–48 hours after the operation were found to be the most important period for preventing pulmonary embolism and progression to fulminating fat embolism syndrome.
Radiographic Assessment of Lower-Limb Discrepancy
Authors: Reina-Bueno Maria , Lafuente-Sotillos Guillermo , Castillo-Lopez Jose M. , Gomez-Aguilar Estela , Munuera-Martinez Pedro V. 
Published: October 2017

Background:This study compares different lower-limb length measurements using tests of lower-limb upright full-length radiography and anteroposterior radiography of load-bearing hips.Methods:Forty-seven consecutive individuals aged 17 to 61 years (mean ± SD, 31.47 ± 11.42 years) voluntarily took part in the study; 23 (48.9%) were women and 24 (51.1%) were men. All individuals presenting a difference of 5 mm or greater between both lower limbs quantified with a tape measure were included. All of the participants signed an informed consent form to take part in the study. Two anteroposterior load-bearing radiographs were taken: one of the hip and an upright full-length radiograph of the lower limbs. Lower-limb–length discrepancy was quantified by taking different reference points. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability was assessed for each radiographic measurement. Any correlation between the different measurements were also verified.Results:Interobserver and intraobserver reliability was high for all of the measurements because the intraclass correlation was greater than 0.75 in all of the cases. There was a strong and positive correlation between the different measurements because when performing bivariate correlations with the Pearson correlation coefficient, positive values close to 1 were found.Conclusions:In this study, the different reference points reported in the upright full-length radiograph in addition to the hip radiographs are useful for assessing lower-limb–length discrepancy. The results showed that there is a correct correlation between the different measurements.
Clinical Utility of Ultrasound Measurements of Plantar Fascia Width and Cross-Sectional Area
Authors: Bisi-Balogun Adebisi , Rector Michael 
Published: October 2017

Background:We sought to develop a standardized protocol for ultrasound (US) measurements of plantar fascia (PF) width and cross-sectional area (CSA), which may serve as additional outcome variables during US examinations of both healthy asymptomatic PF and in plantar fasciopathy and determine its interrater and intrarater reliability.Methods:Ten healthy individuals (20 feet) were enrolled. Participants were assessed twice by two raters each to determine intrarater and interrater reliability. For each foot, three transverse scans of the central bundle of the PF were taken at its insertion at the medial calcaneal tubercle, identified in real time on the plantar surface of the foot, using a fine wire technique. Reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard errors of measurement (SEM), and limits of agreement (LOA) expressed as percentages of the mean. Reliability of PF width and CSA measurements was determined using PF width and CSA measurements from one sonogram measured once and the mean of three measurements from three sonograms each measured once.Results:Ultrasound measurements of PF width and CSA showed a mean of 18.6 ± 2.0 mm and 69.20 ± 13.6 mm2 respectively. Intra-reliability within both raters showed an ICC &gt; 0.84 for width and ICC &gt; 0.92 for CSA as well as a SEM% and LOA% &lt; 10% for both width and CSA. Inter-rater reliability showed an ICC of 0.82 for width and 0.87 for CSA as well as a SEM% and LOA% &lt; 10% for width and a SEM% &lt; 10% and LOA% &lt; 20% for CSA. Relative and absolute reliability within and between raters were higher when using the mean of three sonographs compared to one sonograph.Conclusions:Using this novel technique, PF CSA and width may be determined reliably using measurements from one sonogram or the mean of three sonograms. Measurement of PF CSA and width in addition to already established thickness and echogenicity measurements provides additional information on structural properties of the PF for clinicians and researchers in healthy and pathologic PF.
Comparison of Hallux Rigidus Surgical Treatment Outcomes Between Active Duty and Non–Active Duty Populations
Authors: Jones Marc D. , Sweet Kerry J. 
Published: October 2017

Background:Our aim in this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of three different surgical procedures for the treatment of hallux rigidus (ie, cheilectomy, decompressive osteotomy, and arthrodesis) between active duty military and non–active duty patients.Methods:A retrospective review of 80 patients (95 feet) undergoing surgical treatment for hallux rigidus was performed. Telephone survey was used to obtain postoperative outcome measures and subjective satisfaction. Additional data recorded and analyzed included age, sex, status of patient (active duty or non–active duty), grade of hallux rigidus, surgical procedure performed, date of surgery, time to return to full activity, ability to return to full duty, and follow-up time postoperatively.Results:The decompressive osteotomy group had the highest return-to-duty rate, satisfaction rate, and Maryland Foot Scores of all three surgical groups, although these differences were not statistically significant. Active duty and non–active duty patients did not have statistically significant differences in outcomes measures (ie, time to return to full activity, ability to return to full duty, satisfaction, or postoperative Maryland Foot Score) in any of the three surgical groups.Conclusions:Decompressive osteotomy, cheilectomy, and first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis are all reliable and effective procedures for treatment of hallux rigidus in both active duty military and non–active duty patients. Active duty military personal have a high rate of returning to their prior military activities after surgical treatment of hallux rigidus.
Genome-wide identification and expression profile analysis of CCH gene family in Populus
Authors: Xu Zhiru , Gao Liying , Tang Mengquan , Qu Chunpu , Huang Jiahuan , Wang Qi , Yang Chuanping , Liu Guanjun , Yang Chengjun 
Published: October 2017

Copper plays key roles in plant physiological activities. To maintain copper cellular homeostasis, copper chaperones have important functions in binding and transporting copper to target proteins. Detailed characterization and function analysis of a copper chaperone, CCH, is presently limited to Arabidopsis. This study reports the identification of 21 genes encoding putative CCH proteins in Populus trichocarpa. Besides sharing the conserved metal-binding motif MXCXXC and forming a βαββαβ secondary structure at the N-terminal, all the PtCCHs possessed the plant-exclusive extended C-terminal. Based on their gene structure, conserved motifs, and phylogenetic analysis, the PtCCHs were divided into three subgroups. Our analysis indicated that whole-genome duplication and tandem duplication events likely contributed to expansion of the CCH gene family in Populus. Tissue-specific data from PlantGenIE revealed that PtCCH genes had broad expression patterns in different tissues. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that PnCCH genes of P. simonii × P. nigra also had different tissue-specific expression traits, as well as different inducible-expression patterns in response to copper stresses (excessive and deficiency). In summary, our study of CCH genes in the Populus genome provides a comprehensive analysis of this gene family, and lays an important foundation for further investigation of their roles in copper homeostasis of poplar.
The Radiation Belt Electron Scattering by Magnetosonic Wave: Dependence on Key Parameters
Authors: Lei Mingda , Xie Lun , Li Jinxing , Pu Zuyin , Fu Suiyan , Ni Binbin , Hua Man , Chen Lunjin , Li Wen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMagnetosonic (MS) waves have been found capable of creating radiation belt electron butterfly distributions in the inner magnetosphere. To investigate the physical nature of the interactions between radiation belt electrons and MS waves, and to explore a preferential condition for MS waves to scatter electrons efficiently, we performed a comprehensive parametric study of MS wave‐electron interactions using test particle simulations. The diffusion coefficients simulated by varying the MS wave frequency show that the scattering effect of MS waves is frequency insensitive at low harmonics (f < 20 fcp), which has great implications on modeling the electron scattering caused by MS waves with harmonic structures. The electron scattering caused by MS waves is very sensitive to wave normal angles, and MS waves with off 90° wave normal angles scatter electrons more efficiently. By simulating the diffusion coefficients and the electron phase space density evolution at different L shells under different plasma environment circumstances, we find that MS waves can readily produce electron butterfly distributions in the inner part of the plasmasphere where the ratio of electron plasma‐to‐gyrofrequency (fpe/fce) is large, while they may essentially form a two‐peak distribution outside the plasmapause and in the inner radiation belt where fpe/fce is small.
Thermosphere Global Time Response to Geomagnetic Storms Caused by Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Oliveira D. M. , Zesta E. , Schuck P. W. , Sutton E. K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe investigate, for the first time with a spatial superposed epoch analysis study, the thermosphere global time response to 159 geomagnetic storms caused by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed in the solar wind at Earth's orbit during the period of September 2001 to September 2011. The thermosphere neutral mass density is obtained from the CHAMP (CHAllenge Mini‐Satellite Payload) and GRACE (Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment) spacecraft. All density measurements are intercalibrated against densities computed by the Jacchia‐Bowman 2008 empirical model under the regime of very low geomagnetic activity. We explore both the effects of the pre‐CME shock impact on the thermosphere and of the storm main phase onset by taking their times of occurrence as zero epoch times (CME impact and interplanetary magnetic field Bz southward turning) for each storm. We find that the shock impact produces quick and transient responses at the two high‐latitude regions with minimal propagation toward lower latitudes. In both cases, thermosphere is heated in very high latitude regions within several minutes. The Bz southward turning of the storm onset has a fast heating manifestation at the two high‐latitude regions, and it takes approximately 3 h for that heating to propagate down to equatorial latitudes and to globalize in the thermosphere. This heating propagation is presumably accomplished, at least in part, with traveling atmospheric disturbances and complex meridional wind structures. Current models use longer lag times in computing thermosphere density dynamics during storms. Our results suggest that the thermosphere response time scales are shorter and should be accordingly adjusted in thermospheric empirical models.
The Yermak Pass Branch: A Major Pathway for the Atlantic Water North of Svalbard?
Authors: Koenig Zoé , Provost Christine , Sennéchael Nathalie , Garric Gilles , Gascard Jean‐Claude 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn upward‐looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler deployed from July 2007 to September 2008 in the Yermak Pass, north of Svalbard, gathered velocity data from 570 m up to 90 m at a location covered by sea ice 10 months out of 12. Barotropic diurnal and semidiurnal tides are the dominant signals in the velocity (more than 70% of the velocity variance). In winter, baroclinic eddies at periods between 5 and 15 days and pulses of 1–2 month periodicity are observed in the Atlantic Water layer and are associated with a shoaling of the pycnocline. Mercator‐Ocean global operational model with daily and 1/12° spatial resolution is shown to have skills in representing low‐frequency velocity variations (>1 month) in the West Spitsbergen Current and in the Yermak Pass. Model outputs suggest that the Yermak Pass Branch has had a robust winter pattern over the last 10 years, carrying on average 31% of the Atlantic Water volume transport of the West Spitsbergen Current (36% in autumn/winter). However, those figures have to be considered with caution as the model neither simulates tides nor fully resolves eddies and ignores residual mean currents that could be significant.
Observations of Acyl Peroxy Nitrates During the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ)
Authors: Zaragoza Jake , Callahan Sara , McDuffie Erin E. , Kirkland Jeffrey , Brophy Patrick , Durrett Lindsi , Farmer Delphine K. , Zhou Yong , Sive Barkley , Flocke Frank , Pfister Gabriele , Knote Christoph , Tevlin Alex , Murphy Jennifer , Fischer Emily V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe report on measurements of acyl peroxy nitrates (APNs) obtained from two ground sites and the NSF/National Center for Atmospheric Research C‐130 aircraft during the 2014 Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ). The relative abundance of the APNs observed at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) indicates that anthropogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the dominant drivers of photochemistry during days with the most elevated peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). Reduced major axis regression between propionyl peroxynitrate (PPN) and PAN observed at BAO and from the C‐130 produced a slope of 0.21 (R2 = 0.92). Periods of lower PPN/PAN ratios (~0.10) were associated with cleaner background air characterized by lower ammonia and formic acid abundances. The abundance of methacryloyl peroxynitrate relative to PAN only exceeded 0.05 at BAO when PAN mixing ratios were <300 parts per trillion by volume, implying low influence of isoprene oxidation during periods with substantial local PAN production. We show an example of a day (19 July) where high O3 was not accompanied by enhanced local PAN production. The contribution of biogenic VOCs to local O3 production on the other days in July with elevated O3 (22, 23, 28, and 29 July 2014) was small; evidence is provided in the high abundance of PPN to PAN (slopes between 0.18 and 0.26). The PAN chemistry observed from surface and aircraft platforms during FRAPPÉ implies that anthropogenic VOCs played a dominant role in PAN production during periods with the most O3 and that the relative importance of biogenic hydrocarbon chemistry decreased with increasing O3 production during FRAPPÉ.
Axisymmetric Initialization of the Atmosphere and Ocean for Idealized Coupled Hurricane Simulations
Authors: Aksoy Altuğ , Zhang Jun A. , Klotz Bradley W. , Uhlhorn Eric W. , Cione Joseph J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA new vortex‐scale initialization scheme is presented for idealized coupled hurricane simulations. The atmospheric scheme involves construction of azimuthally averaged kinematic and thermodynamic initial fields based on historical composite data sets from hurricane reconnaissance aircraft. For ocean initialization, a statistical scheme is proposed to construct regression models among atmospheric and ocean fields in the hurricane inner core. For the numerical model, the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model coupled with a one‐dimensional, diffusive ocean model is used with modifications to initialize with the observation‐based vortex and to ensure that the storm environment remains approximately steady. The primary goal in these simulations is to obtain steady state hurricanes of category‐1 intensity with characteristics typically observed during the hurricane season of the western Atlantic and Caribbean Sea regions. It is demonstrated that this is successfully achieved in the simulations. In an azimuthally averaged sense, regression models are found to capture about 70% of total variance for sea‐surface temperature cooling and up to 55% of total variance for mixed‐layer depth perturbation in the hurricane inner core. Furthermore, within the inner core of a hurricane vortex, it is found that storm speed contributes most to upper ocean perturbations, whereas characteristics of the atmospheric vortex contribute very little. The importance of storm speed in controlling upper ocean perturbations is strongest near the storm center, diminishing gradually toward no measurable impact beyond the immediate inner core.
Evaluation of WRF SCM Simulations of Stratocumulus‐Topped Marine and Coastal Boundary Layers and Improvements to Turbulence and Entrainment Parameterizations
Authors: Ghonima Mohamed S. , Yang Handa , Kim Chang Ki , Heus Thijs , Kleissl Jan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStratocumulus‐topped boundary layers (STBLs) are notoriously difficult to parameterize in single‐column models due to the strong inversion layer across which entrainment mixing plays an important role in modulating the boundary layer mass, energy, and moisture balances. We compare three different WRF planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes (Yonsei University, YSU; Asymmetric Convective Model version 2, ACM2; Mellor‐Yamada‐Nakanishi‐Niino, MYNN) against large eddy simulations (LES) to find out that they underestimate entrainment flux in stratocumulus over both ocean and coastal land. Hence, the PBL schemes produce a cooler, moister STBL with higher liquid water content. In order to improve the entrainment parameterization, we propose a modification to the YSU scheme that takes into account the in‐cloud turbulence flux contribution to cloud top entrainment through the formulation of a velocity scale based on the in‐cloud buoyancy flux. A revised top‐down mixing profile is also implemented to model mixing due to turbulence generated by longwave cooling at the cloud top. The modified YSU simulates stronger entrainment flux, resulting in a STBL that matches LES results. Similar modifications were made to ACM2 in addition to implementing explicit entrainment, and while the results also showed good agreement with LES, discretization issues and conflicts with its original design prevent immediate implementation, as the contribution from the modifications and the original scheme are difficult to correctly modulate.
Hindcasting the Madden‐Julian Oscillation With a New Parameterization of Surface Heat Fluxes
Authors: Chen Junwen , Deng Yi , Wang Jingfeng , Lin Wenshi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe recently developed maximum entropy production (MEP) model, an alternative parameterization of surface heat fluxes, is incorporated into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. A pair of WRF cloud‐resolving experiments (5 km grids) using the bulk transfer model (WRF default) and the MEP model of surface heat fluxes are performed to hindcast the October Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) event observed during the 2011 Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) field campaign. The simulated surface latent and sensible heat fluxes in the MEP and bulk transfer model runs are in general consistent with in situ observations from two research vessels. Compared to the bulk transfer model, the convection envelope is strengthened in the MEP run and shows a more coherent propagation over the Maritime Continent. The simulated precipitable water in the MEP run is in closer agreement with the observations. Precipitation in the MEP run is enhanced during the active phase of the MJO with significantly reduced regional dry and wet biases. Large‐scale ocean evaporation is stronger in the MEP run leading to stronger boundary layer moistening to the east of the convection center, which facilitates the eastward propagation of the MJO.
2,3‐Pentandion – Bestimmung von 2,3‐Pentandion in der Luft am Arbeitsplatz mittels Hochleistungsflüssigchromatographie (HPLC) [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2017]
Authors: Schuh C. , Nitschke L. , Hebisch R. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: October 2017

Abstract

This analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination of 2,3‐pentanedione in workplace air in a concentration range of a tenth up to twice the currently valid MAK value of 0.083 mg/m
3
. Sampling is performed by drawing a defined volume of air through a cartridge filled with silica gel impregnated with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) using a suitable flow‐regulated pump with a volumetric flow rate of 1 L/min. For sampling 1 hour or 15 min (checking the short‐term value) can be used. The formed derivative 2,3‐pentanedione bis(2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazone) is extracted with desorption agent and analysed by means of high performance liquid chromatography using an UV or a MS detector. The quantitative determination is based on a calibration function obtained by means of a multiple‐point calibration. The absolute limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0.043 ng and the relative LOQ is 0.00078 mg/m
3
based on an air sample volume of approx. 60 L or 0.0031 mg/m
3
based on an air sample volume of approx. 15 L (for short‐term value).