bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomasės ir atliekų dujinimo tyrimai Lietuvoje: esama būklė ir ateities perspektyvos
Authors: Striūgas Nerijus , Šlančiauskas Anupras , Zakarauskas Kęstutis , Stravinskas Giedrius , Paulauskas Rolandas , Vorotinskienė Lina 
Published: November 2016

Lietuvoje biomasės dujinimo praktinis pritaikymas nėra žinomas. Lietuvos energetikos instituto (LEI) mokslininkai jau daugelį metų dirba biomasės ir kitų atliekų dujinimo srityje, sukūrė naudotų padangų dujinimo technologiją kalkėms gaminti, atliko kietų organinių atliekų, glicerolio dujinimo ir deginimo, biomasės dujinimo metu gautų dujų katalitinius valymo nuo dervų lašelių mokslinius tyrimus, sukūrė ir pramonėje plačiai pritaikė skystojo ir dujinio kuro deginimo įrenginius. Turima patirtis leido sukurti biomasės ir atliekų dujinimo technologiją, kurios pagrindinis uždavinys – biomasės dujinimo metu generuoti dujas, skirtas technologiniams procesams.
Šiame straipsnyje pateikiama pastarųjų dešimties metų LEI Degimo procesų laboratorijoje atliktų tyrimų apžvalga ir gauti pagrindiniai rezultatai vykdant eksperimentinius įvairios biomasės ir atliekų dujinimo tyrimus. Vykdytais darbais sukurti nesmulkintų naudotų padangų, granuliuotos biomasės ir atliekų, taip pat sausinto nuotėkų dumblo dujinimo įrenginių prototipai. Gautos naujos mokslinių tyrimų žinios apie generuotų dujų sudėtį, jų kaloringumą ir fizikines savybes. Nustatytas įvairios biomasės ir atliekų dujinimo dėsningumas ir optimalios sąlygos, kurioms esant su sukurtu prototipu galima gauti kaloringiausias dujas. Surastos technologijos konstravimo ypatybės, valdymo savybės ir suformuluoti pasiūlymai didesnės galios įrenginiui. Įvardytos tolesnio įrenginio tobulinimo gairės. Straipsnyje įvertinama dujinimo technologijos dabartinė situacija ir perspektyvos Lietuvoje.
Le centre rénové de Saint-Denis : l’échec d’un projet de mixité sociale ?
Authors: Demoulin Jeanne , Alsaint Alexandre , Bacqué Marie-Hélène , Bellavoine Christine , Canet Anne-Charlotte , Fol Sylvie , Fuzier Anne , Lo Duca Raphaël , Raisson1 Jean-Baptiste 
Published: November 2016

À partir de l’étude de l’évolution sociale du centre rénové d’une ville de première couronne parisienne, Saint-Denis, cet article analyse les logiques de transformation sociale d’un quartier de banlieue dans lequel les classes moyennes ont, au cours des trois dernières décennies, largement laissé la place aux classes populaires. Il s’appuie d’une part sur une analyse statistique du peuplement du quartier et de son évolution et, d’autre part, sur une enquête par questionnaires et par entretiens auprès des habitants et des acteurs locaux. En montrant que les logiques de transformation peuvent être plus complexes et moins linéaires que les deux figures classiques majoritairement mises en avant dans les études urbaines, celle de la gentrification d’un côté et celle de la paupérisation ou ghettoïsation de l’autre, ce travail contribue à documenter la multiplicité des trajectoires observables. Il met l’accent sur les dynamiques sociales propres à un quartier d’habitat social de centre-ville. Il souligne en effet que, trois décennies après la conception et la mise en oeuvre de ce projet de mixité sociale, le peuplement du parc d’habitat social du quartier reste légèrement différent de celui du parc social de la ville, accueillant notamment plus de familles appartenant aux « petites » classes moyennes et moins de familles précarisées. À travers l’analyse des pratiques et des représentations des habitants, il montre que ce quartier, même s’il a perdu l’essentiel de sa mixité sociale initiale, se caractérise par une identité et par des formes de cohabitation et d’ancrage originales.
Anciens et nouveaux petits commerçants face à la transformation socioéconomique de deux anciens quartiers populaires montréalais1
Authors: Maltais Alexandre 
Published: November 2016

Sur la base d’une enquête de terrain réalisée auprès de 50 anciens et nouveaux commerçants de deux quartiers centraux montréalais ayant été touchés dans les dernières décennies par une gentrification encore incomplète et inégalement distribuée sur le territoire, cet article rend compte et balise les rapports que les propriétaires d’établissements commerciaux développent et entretiennent avec la population de leur zone naturelle de chalandise. Dépassant les représentations caricaturales de nouveaux entrepreneurs conquérants et d’anciens commerçants dépassés, cet examen révèle des postures complexes où se confrontent les logiques de voisinage et celles de l’entreprise, suscitant même parfois des dilemmes moraux dans l’appréciation et dans les interactions avec trois catégories d’habitants : laclientèle-cible, lesindésirableset lesautres.
La diversité sur le palier. Catégorisations ordinaires d’un voisinage hétérogène à Genève
Authors: Felder Maxime 
Published: November 2016

L’hétérogénéité de la population des centres urbains européens est souvent présentée comme une cohabitation de divers groupes (ethniques, nationaux, sociaux). L’article questionne cette perspective en se demandant comment — dans des immeubles dont la population reflète la mobilité internationale, les inégalités socioéconomiques mais aussi la diversification des modes de vie — les individus eux-mêmes perçoivent cette hétérogénéité. À travers des entretiens avec des résidents de quatre immeubles de Genève, j’analyse la manière dont ils décrivent leurs voisins. Plutôt que de les classer en groupes et de se référer à « nous » et à « eux », les interviewés combinent des catégories qui varient selon le voisin dont il est question. Toutefois, même pour les anciens résidents, certains voisins restent des inconnus dont ils ignorent jusqu’à l’existence. J’interprète ceci comme une conséquence de la grande hétérogénéité de la population étudiée, mais aussi de la moindre visibilité des voisins et de leurs activités, ainsi que de l’absence, à l’échelle des immeubles du moins, de réseaux de voisinage stables et soudés. Ainsi, loin d’être toujours des espaces d’interconnaissance, les immeubles s’apparentent à une juxtaposition d’espaces privés (les appartements) et quasi publics (les parties communes), où la coexistence passe par des formes de retenue et d’indifférence à l’égard des autres et de leurs différences.
Le développement de la réflexivité et de la pensée critique comme piliers à l’émergence de la créativité dans la formation des futurs travailleurs sociaux
Authors: Mercure Dominique , Rivard Sylvie 
Published: November 2016

Le contexte de la pratique des travailleurs sociaux est rempli de multiples défis dont les formateurs universitaires doivent être conscients pour pouvoir s’appliquer à former des professionnels compétents, autonomes, critiques et capables de composer avec des problématiques et contextes de plus en plus complexes. Cet article expose les principes de la pensée critique et de la réflexivité qui ont été exploités dans le cadre d’une révision de programme de formation au 2e cycle en service social à l’Université Laurentienne. La démarche d’accompagnement pédagogique s’inspire précisément des quatre axes théoriques du modèle de Fook et Gardner (2007) pour permettre aux étudiants de développer les habiletés requises pour gérer la complexité de la pratique actuelle. Le travail d’analyse d’incidents critiques, le récit de pratique et la construction d’une carte conceptuelle seront explicités comme moyens pédagogiques pour amener les étudiants à mobiliser ces habiletés.
Electrically switchable Fresnel lenses in polymer-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals
Authors: Yeh Hui-Chen , Ke Ming-Wei , Liu Yu-Mei 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of an electrically switchable Fresnel lens based on surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals (SSFLCs) with polymer networks. The Fresnel lens was fabricated by injecting a monomer-doped ferroelectric liquid crystal into an extremely thin cell and exposing the cell to ultraviolet light through a Fresnel-zone-plate mask. The fabricated Fresnel lens consisted of the SSFLC and polymer-stabilized SSFLC structures. The focusing effect can be switched on by applying an appropriate voltage, and the characteristics of FLCs enable a rapid response on the order of milliseconds.
Flexible ureteroscopy for renal stone without preoperative ureteral stenting shows good prognosis
Authors: Zhang Jiaqiao , Xu Chuou , He Deng , Lu Yuchao , Hu Henglong , Qin Baolong , Wang Yufeng , Wang Qing , Li Cong , Wang Shaogang , Liu Jihong 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
To clarify the outcome of flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) for management of renal calculi without preoperative stenting.

Methods
A total of 171 patients who received 176 fURS procedures for unilateral renal stones were reviewed. All procedures were divided into two groups depending on whether they received ureteral stenting preoperatively. Baseline characteristics of patients, stone burden, operation time, stone-free rates, and complications were compared between both groups.

Results
Successful primary access to the renal pelvis was achieved in 104 of 114 (91.2%) patients without preoperative stenting, while all procedures with preoperative stenting (n = 62) were successfully performed. A total of 156 procedures were included for further data analysis (56 procedures in stenting group and 100 in non-stenting group). No significant differences was found regardless of a preoperative stent placement in terms of stone-free rate (73.2% with stenting vs. 71.0% without, P = 0.854), operative time (70.4 ± 32.8 with stenting vs. 70.2 ± 32.1 without, P = 0.969).

Conclusions
fURS for management of renal stone without preoperative ureteral stenting are associated with well outcome in short term follow-up. Our study may help patients and doctors to decide if an optional stent is placed or not.
Effects of arachidonic acid supplementation in maturation diet on female reproductive performance and larval quality of giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Authors: Kangpanich Chanpim , Pratoomyot Jarunan , Siranonthana Nisa , Senanan Wansuk 
Published: November 2016

The giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is one of the most farmed freshwater crustaceans in the world. Its global production has been stalling in the past decade due to the inconsistent quality of broodstock and hatchery-produced seeds. A better understanding of the role of nutrition in maturation diets will help overcome some of the production challenges. Arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6, ARA) is a fatty acid precursor of signaling molecules important for crustacean reproduction, prostaglandins E and F of the series II (PGE2 and PGF2α), and is often lacking in maturation diets of shrimp and prawns. We examined the effects of ARA in a combination of different fish oil (FO) and soybean oil (SO) blends on females’ reproductive performance and larval quality. Adult females (15.22 ± 0.13 g and 11.12 ± 0.09 cm) were fed six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing one of two different base compositions (A or B), supplemented with one of three levels ofMortierella alpine-derived ARA (containing 40% active ARA): 0, 1 or 2% by ingredient weight. The two base diets differed in the percentages of (FO and SO with diet A containing 2% SO and 2% FO and diet B containing 2.5% SO and 1.5% FO, resulting in differences in proportional contents of dietary linoleic acid (18:2n-6, LOA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA)). After the eight-week experiment, prawns fed diet B with 1 and 2% ARA supplement (B1 and B2) exhibited the highest gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), egg clutch weight, fecundity, hatching rate, number of larvae, and reproductive effort compared to those fed other diets (p ≤ 0.05). Larvae from these two dietary treatments also had higher tolerance to low salinity (2 ppt). The maturation period was not significantly different among most treatments (p ≥ 0.05). ARA supplementation, regardless of the base diet, significantly improved GSI, HSI, egg clutch weight and fecundity. However, the diets with an enhanced ARA and LOA (B1 and B2) resulted in the best reproductive performance, egg hatchability and larval tolerance to low salinity. These dietary treatments also allow for effective accumulation of ARA and an n-3 lcPUFA, DHA in eggs and larvae.
Disease Severity in Never Smokers, Ex‐Smokers, and Current Smokers With Axial Spondyloarthritis: Results From the Scotland Registry for Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Jones Gareth T. , Ratz Tiara , Dean Linda E. , Macfarlane Gary J. , Atzeni Fabiola 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between smoking, smoking cessation, and disease characteristics and quality of life (QoL) in spondyloarthritis.MethodsThe Scotland Registry for Ankylosing Spondylitis collects data from clinically diagnosed patients with spondyloarthritis. Clinical data, including Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) scores, were obtained from medical records. Mailed questionnaires contained information on smoking status and QoL (Ankylosing Spondylitis QoL questionnaire [ASQoL]). Linear and logistic regression were used to quantify the effect of smoking, and smoking cessation, on various disease‐specific and QoL outcomes, with adjustments for age, sex, deprivation, education level, and alcohol use. Results are presented as regression coefficients (β) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsData were obtained from 946 participants (73.5% male, mean age 52 years). Current smoking was reported by 22%, and 38% were ex‐smokers. Ever smokers had poorer BASDAI (β = 0.5 [95% CI 0.2, 0.9]) and BASFI scores (β = 0.8 [95% CI 0.4, 1.2]), and reported worse QoL (ASQoL β = 1.5 [95% CI 0.7, 2.3]). Compared to current smokers, ex‐smokers reported less disease activity (BASDAI β = −0.5 [95% CI −1.0, −0.04]) and significantly better QoL (ASQoL β = −1.2 [95% CI −2.3, −0.2]). They also were more likely to have a history of uveitis (OR 2.4 [95% CI 1.5, 3.8]).ConclusionSmokers with spondyloarthritis experience worse disease than those who are never smokers. However, this study provides new evidence that, among smokers, smoking cessation is associated with lower disease activity and better physical function and QoL. Clinicians should specifically promote smoking cessation as an adjunct to usual therapy in patients with spondyloarthritis.
Internal Alkyne Regio‐ and Chemoselectivity using a Zwitterionic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Gold Catalyst in a Silver‐Free Alkyne Hydration Reaction
Authors: Weerasiri Kushan C. , Chen Danmin , Wozniak Derek I. , Dobereiner Graham E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn alkyne hydration of terminal and internal alkynes is reported using a zwitterionic N‐heterocyclic carbene gold catalyst [(BNHC)Au(SMe2)] in the absence of silver and Brønsted acid additives. The hydration demonstrates good regioselectivity in alkyne hydration and chemoselectivity for internal alkynes vs. terminal. In addition, (BNHC)Au(SMe2) performs a propargyl alcohol hydration to predominantly form α‐hydroxymethyl ketone over the more common Meyer–Schuster rearrangement product. While complex (BNHC)Au(SMe2) is active without silver additives, addition of silver hexafluoroantimonate (AgSbF6) increases reaction rate and decreases selectivity for internal alkyne hydration over terminal substrates. To the best of our knowledge, the rate enhancement of (BNHC)Au(SMe2) by AgSbF6 is the first such demonstration of a silver effect for a “halide‐free” Au catalyst.magnified image
Carboxylative Coupling of Chloromethyl(hetero)arenes with Allyltrimethoxysilane Catalyzed by Palladium Nanoparticles
Authors: Song Jiliang , Feng Xiujuan , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Arumugam Natarajan , Suresh Kumar Raju , Bao Ming 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed three‐component coupling of either (chloromethyl)arenes or (chloromethyl)heteroarenes with allyltrimethoxysilane and carbon dioxide (i.e., a carboxylative Hiyama coupling reaction) successfully produced α,β‐unsaturated esters in satisfactory to good yields. This reaction proceeded smoothly under mild conditions in the presence of palladium nanoparticles (NPs). A reaction mechanism, which includes the formation of an π‐allylpalladium chloride intermediate, has been proposed.
Principal component analysis in the evaluation of osteoarthritis
Authors: Calce Stephanie E. , Kurki Helen K. , Weston Darlene A. , Gould Lisa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to demonstrate advantages of principal component analysis (PCA) as a standardized procedure in the evaluation of osteoarthritis (OA) in a skeletal series to: (1) compute aggregate scores for joint complexes that accurately capture pathological expression, (2) reveal which variables describe the most sample variation in OA, (3) enable inter‐ and intra‐sample comparison of results, and (4) formulate predictive models from component‐based arthritic scores.Materials and methodsThe sample (144 males, 145 females) is drawn from a large skeletal cemetery collection of modern Europeans of known sex, age, and occupation. OA data was collected using standard ranked categorical scoring. PCA was conducted separately on lumbar spine, pelvis, and knee regions to generate composite OA scores from eigenequations of the first and second principal components (PC).ResultsResults demonstrate that as severity in OA increases, so does the distribution of OA within the joint surface. In each region, PCA produced the same general pattern with eburnation scoring driving significant changes in composite OA scores, representing earlier to later stages of cartilage degeneration. The distribution of arthritic traits determined by PCA produced an OA score that quantifies the expression of joint changes in varied biological joint structures from most moveable to least mobile, the final stage being joint fusion. OA scores are most highly variable in the lumbar region for both males and females, as compared to the pelvis and knee.ConclusionsPCA is a simple, non‐parametric method of extracting relevant information from complex OA datasets and summarizes variation based on correlated multi‐attributes to reveal a simplified structure of OA expression. Multivariate techniques like PCA should be used to describe discrete OA samples, and are useful to compute population‐specific representative measurements for idiopathic joint OA in a skeletal sample.
Engineering the Electrical Conductivity of Lamellar Silver‐Doped Cobalt(II) Selenide Nanobelts for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Xu , Zhang Hantao , Yan Yu , Cao Jinhua , Li Xingqi , Zhou Shiming , Peng Zhenmeng , Zeng Jie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPrecisely engineering the electrical conductivity represents a promising strategy to design efficient catalysts towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we demonstrate a versatile partial cation exchange method to fabricate lamellar Ag‐CoSe2 nanobelts with controllable conductivity. The electrical conductivity of the materials was significantly enhanced by the addition of Ag+ cations of less than 1.0 %. Moreover, such a trace amount of Ag induced a negligible loss of active sites which was compensated through the effective generation of active sites as shown by the excellent conductivity. Both the enhanced conductivity and the retained active sites contributed to the remarkable electrocatalytic performance of the Ag‐CoSe2 nanobelts. Relative to the CoSe2 nanobelts, the as‐prepared Ag‐CoSe2 nanobelts exhibited a higher current density and a lower Tafel slope towards OER. This strategy represents a rational design of efficient electrocatalysts through finely tuning their electrical conductivities.
Chirality Synchronization of Hydrogen‐Bonded Complexes of Achiral N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Buchs Jens , Vogel Laura , Janietz Dietmar , Prehm Marko , Tschierske Carsten 
Published: November 2016

Abstract2,4‐Diamino‐6‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐triazines carrying a single oligo(ethylene oxide) (EO) chain form an optically isotropic mesophase composed of a conglomerate of macroscopic chiral domains with opposite sense of chirality even though the constituent molecules are achiral. This mesophase was proposed to result from the helical packing of hydrogen‐bonded triazine aggregates, providing long‐range chirality synchronization. The results provide first evidence for macroscopic achiral symmetry breaking upon conglomerate formation in an amorphous isotropic phase formed by hydrogen‐bonded associates of simple N‐heterocycles that are related to prebiotic molecules.
Photo‐Tethers for the (Multi‐)Cyclic, Conformational Caging of Long Oligonucleotides
Authors: Seyfried Patrick , Eiden Laura , Grebenovsky Nikolai , Mayer Günter , Heckel Alexander 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntramolecular circularization of DNA oligonucleotides was accomplished by incorporation of alkyne‐modified photolabile nucleosides into DNA sequences, followed by a CuI‐catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition with bis‐azido linker molecules. We determined a range of ring sizes, in which the caged circular oligonucleotides exhibit superior duplex destabilizing properties. Specific binding of a full‐length 90 nt C10 aptamer recognizing human Burkitt's lymphoma cells was then temporarily inhibited by locking the aptamer in a bicircularized structure. Irradiation restored the native aptamer conformation resulting in efficient cell binding and uptake. The photo‐tether strategy presented here provides a robust and versatile tool for the light‐activation of longer functional oligonucleotides, noteworthy without prior knowledge on the structure and the importance of specific nucleotides within a DNA aptamer.
Synthesis of a Fragment of Crystalline Silicon: Poly(Cyclosilane)
Authors: Press Eric M. , Marro Eric A. , Surampudi Sravan K. , Siegler Maxime A. , Tang Joel A. , Klausen Rebekka S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report a strategic synthesis of poly(cyclosilane), a well‐defined polymer inspired by crystalline silicon. The synthetic strategy relies on the design of a functionalized cyclohexasilane monomer for transition‐metal‐promoted dehydrocoupling polymerization. Our approach takes advantage of the dual function of the phenylsilyl group, which serves a crucial role both in the synthesis of a novel α,ω‐oligosilanyl dianion and as a latent electrophile. We show that the cyclohexasilane monomer prefers a chair conformation. The monomer design ensures enhanced reactivity in transition‐metal‐promoted dehydrocoupling polymerization relative to secondary silanes, such as methylphenylsilane. Comprehensive NMR spectroscopy yields a detailed picture of the polymer end‐group structure and microstructure. Poly(cyclosilane) has red‐shifted optical absorbance relative to the monomer. We synthesize a σ–π hybrid donor–acceptor polymer by catalytic hydrosilylation.
An Expedient Total Synthesis of Chivosazole F: an Actin‐Binding Antimitotic Macrolide from the Myxobacterium Sorangium Cellulosum
Authors: Williams Simon , Jin Jialu , Kan S. B. Jennifer , Li Mungyuen , Gibson Lisa J. , Paterson Ian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA unified strategy for the chemical synthesis of the chivosazoles is described. This strategy is based on two closely related approaches involving the late‐stage installation of the isomerization‐prone (2Z,4E,6Z,8E)‐tetraenoate motif, and an expedient fragment‐assembly procedure. The result is a highly convergent total synthesis of chivosazole F through the orchestration of three mild Pd/Cu‐mediated Stille cross‐coupling reactions, including the use of a one‐pot, site‐selective, three‐component process, in combination with controlled installation of the requisite alkene geometry.