bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Studies of Heterosis and Combining Ability for Foliar Disease, Yield and Its Contributing Characters in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Abou- Zaid Gehan. G.A. , Mostafa Salwa M. , Kalboush Shymaa F. A. , Ohamed Amany M. , Sarhan E. A.D. 
Published: September 2024

The present study was carried out in the farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr –El Sheikh, Egypt, during2019/20, 2020 /21seasons to produce seed hybrids (F1 seeds) which evaluated in 2021/22 season. Four parental genotypes namely; Almany, Giza 843, Misr 3 and Najeh were used as testers, while four material genotypes namely; Line 1, Line 2,Line 3 and Line 4 used as lines which crossed according to Line X tester mating system under insect free cages in the first and second seasons. In the third season the resulted F1, s sixteen crosses along with their parental genotypes were sown in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications during 2021/22 season. The data subjected to line x tester analysis. Highly significant of genotypes, parents and crosses were found for all traits. The magnitude of genotypes or any of its components i.e., parents, crosses and parents vs. crosses were several times large than corresponding mean squares of error. Mean squares of parent's vs. crosses as an indication to average heterosis over all crosses appeared to be highly significant heterotic effects for almost all traits. Partitioning the crosses mean squares to its components i.e., lines, testers and lines x testers revealed that, lines and testers mean squares seems to be not significant for all traits. While, lines x testers mean squares found to be highly significant for all traits. The ratio of s2gca/s2sca was less than unity for all traits, indicating that the non-additive gene effects were of greater important in the inheritance of these traits. The crosses; Line 1 x Tester 1, Line 1 x Tester 2, Line 2 x Tester 2, Line 3 x Tester 1, Line3 x Tester 4, Line 4 x Tester 1 and Line 4 x Tester 2 had significant and /or highly significant mid and better parents heterotic effects for many important traits a result of over-dominance in approximately all studied traits. Tester 4 considered as good combiner parent for plant height, No of pods/plant, No of seeds /plant, seed yield /plant and curd protein percentage. The cross; Line 1 x Tester 2 expressed significant (Ŝij) in favorable direction for rust disease reaction, flowering date, plant height and crude protein percentage. The cross; Line 2 x Tester 3 had significant (Ŝij) in favorable direction for chocolate spot diseases reaction, plant height and No. of branches/plant and the cross; Line 4 x Tester 2 had significant (Ŝij) in positive direction for No of branches/plant, No of pods/plant, No of seeds/plant, seed yield /plant and carbohydrate percentage. Brood sense heritability ranged from 24.6% for No. of seeds/plant to 77.90% for 100-seed weight. While, narrow- sense heritability (h2), ranged between 0.68% for 100-seed weight to 20.28% for chocolate spot diseases reaction. The predicted genetic advance ranged from 0.18% for 100- seed weight to 6.92% for chocolate spot diseases reaction.
The Effect of Sports on Life Skills: A Descriptive Study on Parents
Authors: Gül Mine , Vatansever Ahmet 
Published: September 2024

Aims: The aim of the study was to examine the effect of sports on life skills of parents who send their children to sports activities in sports clubs.
Study Design: In the study, the “Scale of the Effect of Sports on Life Skills” developed by Açak and Düz was applied. The information was provided on a voluntary basis, and the “Personal Information Form” and “The Effect of Sports on Life Skills” scale questionnaire were sent via Google form.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted with the participation of 242 volunteer parents who sent their children to sports activities in sports clubs in the Marmara Region, Istanbul, Izmit and Yalova in Türkiye between 2022 and 2023.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted on the effect of sports on life skills by determining the parents' license status, sports branch, individual or team sports category, sports year and activity hours and days. In the analysis of the data, independent groups t-test for variables, one-way analysis of variance, ANOVA and Post Hoc tests were used for more than two group analysis.
Results: In the study, significant differences were found in the categories of leadership (p=0.012), teamwork (p=0.020), emotional skills (p=0.011) and goal setting (p=0.003) among licensed parents. A significant difference was found in the categories of communication (p=0.014), leadership (p=0.003) and goal setting (p=0.005) among those with 4-6 years of sport experience compared to those with 1-3 years of sport experience. There was a significant difference in time management (p=0.029), time management (p=0.014) and communication (p=0.001) between those who do sports 4 days or more and those who do sports 1 hour a day, between those who do sports 2-3 hours a day and those who do sports 1 hour a day.
Conclusion: As a result, it can be said that sports activities significantly affect life skills of the parents who participated in the study, considering that they have athlete licenses and years/weeks/days of participation in sports. It is thought that sports activities can positively affect individuals in terms of time management, leadership, teamwork, emotional skills, social skills and goal setting at every stage of their lives.
The climate response of the Indo‐Pacific warm pool to glacial sea level
Authors: Di Nezio Pedro N. , Timmermann Axel , Tierney Jessica E. , Jin Fei‐Fei , Otto‐Bliesner Bette , Rosenbloom Nan , Mapes Brian , Neale Rich , Ivanovic Ruza F. , Montenegro Alvaro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGrowing climate proxy evidence suggests that changes in sea level are important drivers of tropical climate change on glacial‐interglacial timescales. These paleodata suggest that rainfall patterns over the Indo‐Pacific warm pool (IPWP) are highly sensitive to the landmass configuration of the Maritime Continent and that lowered sea level contributed to large‐scale drying during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, approximately 21,000 years B.P.). Using the Community Earth System Model Version 1.2 (CESM1), we investigate the mechanisms by which lowered sea level influenced the climate of the IPWP during the LGM. The CESM1 simulations show that, in agreement with previous hypotheses, changes in atmospheric circulation are initiated by the exposure of the Sunda and Sahul shelves. Ocean dynamical processes amplify the changes in atmospheric circulation by increasing the east‐west sea surface temperature (SST) gradient along the equatorial Indian Ocean. The coupled mechanism driving this response is akin to the Bjerknes feedback and results in a large‐scale climatic reorganization over the Indian Ocean with impacts extending from east Africa to the western tropical Pacific. Unlike exposure of the Sunda shelf, exposure of Sahul shelf and the associated changes in surface albedo play a key role because of the positive feedback. This mechanism could explain the pattern of dry (wet) eastern (western) Indian Ocean identified in climate proxies and LGM simulations. However, this response also requires a strengthened SST gradient along the equatorial Indian Ocean, a pattern that is not evident in marine paleoreconstructions. Strategies to resolve this issue are discussed.
Using climate regionalization to understand Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) precipitation performance for the Conterminous United States (CONUS)
Authors: Regonda Satish K. , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Badr Hamada S. , Rodell Matthew 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDynamically based seasonal forecasts are prone to systematic spatial biases due to imperfections in the underlying global climate model (GCM). This can result in low‐forecast skill when the GCM misplaces teleconnections or fails to resolve geographic barriers, even if the prediction of large‐scale dynamics is accurate. To characterize and address this issue, this study applies objective climate regionalization to identify discrepancies between the Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) and precipitation observations across the Contiguous United States (CONUS). Regionalization shows that CFSv2 1 month forecasts capture the general spatial character of warm season precipitation variability but that forecast regions systematically differ from observation in some transition zones. CFSv2 predictive skill for these misclassified areas is systematically reduced relative to correctly regionalized areas and CONUS as a whole. In these incorrectly regionalized areas, higher skill can be obtained by using a regional‐scale forecast in place of the local grid cell prediction.
Ubiquitous influence of waves on tropical high cirrus clouds
Authors: Kim Ji‐Eun , Alexander M. Joan , Bui T. Paul , Dean‐Day Jonathan M. , Lawson R. Paul , Woods Sarah , Hlavka Dennis , Pfister Leonhard , Jensen Eric J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCirrus clouds in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and water vapor transported into the stratosphere have significant impacts on the global radiation budget and circulation patterns. Climate models, however, have large uncertainties in representing dehydration and cloud processes in the TTL, and thus their feedback on surface climate, prohibiting an accurate projection of future global and regional climate changes. Here we use unprecedented airborne measurements over the Pacific to reveal atmospheric waves as a strong modulator of ice clouds in the TTL. Wave‐induced cold and/or cooling conditions are shown to exert a nearly ubiquitous influence on cirrus cloud occurrence at altitudes of 14–18 km, except when air was very recently influenced by convective hydration. We further observe that various vertical scales of cloud layers are associated with various vertical scales of waves, suggesting the importance of representing TTL waves in models.
Scintillation and irregularities from the nightside part of a Sun‐aligned polar cap arc
Authors: van der Meeren Christer , Oksavik Kjellmar , Lorentzen Dag A. , Paxton Larry J. , Clausen Lasse B. N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper we study the presence of irregularities and scintillation in relation to the nightside part of a long‐lived, Sun‐aligned transpolar arc on 15 January 2015. The arc was observed in DMSP UV and particle data and lasted at least 3 h between 1700 and 2000 UT. The arc was more intense than the main oval during this time. From all‐sky imagers on Svalbard we were able to study the evolution of the arc, which drifted slowly westward toward the dusk cell. The intensity of the arc as observed from ground was 10–17 kR in 557.7 nm and 2–3.5 kR in 630.0 nm, i.e., significant emissions in both green and red emission lines. We have used high‐resolution raw data from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers and backscatter from Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars to study irregularities and scintillation in relation to the polar cap arc. Even though the literature has suggested that polar cap arcs are potential sources for irregularities, our results indicate only very weak irregularities. This may be due to the background density in the northward IMF polar cap being too low for significant irregularities to be created.
On the mutual relationship of the equatorial electrojet, TEC and scintillation in the Peruvian sector
Authors: Khadka Sovit M. , Valladares Cesar , Pradipta Rezy , Pacheco Edgardo , Condor Percy 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper presents the interrelationship between the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) strength, Global Positioning System (GPS)‐derived total electron content (TEC), and postsunset scintillation from ground observations with the aim of finding reliable precursors of the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities. Mutual relationship studies provide a possible route to predict the occurrence of TEC fluctuation and scintillation in the ionosphere during the late afternoon and night respectively based on daytime measurement of the equatorial ionosphere. Data from ground based observations in the low latitudes of the west American longitude sector were examined during the 2008 solar minimum. We find a strong relationship exists between the noontime equatorial electrojet and GPS‐derived TEC distributions during the afternoon mediated by vertical E × B drift via the fountain effect, but there is little or no relationship with postsunset ionospheric scintillation.
Cooperative Indium(III)/Silver(I) System for Oxidative Coupling/Annulation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyls and Styrenes: Construction of Five‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: Ko Tae Yun , Youn So Won 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA cooperative indium(III)/silver(I) system for the synthesis of various five‐membered heterocycles, including dihydrofurans, pyrroles, spirolactones, and spiroiminolactones, through the sequential oxidative coupling/annulation reaction of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with styrenes has been developed. Four different heterocyclic systems were successfully synthesized depending on the substitution pattern of the substrates using readily available starting materials. This system has the advantages of a broad substrate scope, moderate to good chemical yields, an operationally easy and simple procedure, and short reaction times.magnified image
Nickel‐Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl and Benzyl 2‐Pyridyl Ethers: A Method for Converting a Robust ortho‐Directing Group
Authors: Tobisu Mamoru , Zhao Jiangning , Kinuta Hirotaka , Furukawa Takayuki , Igarashi Takuya , Chatani Naoto 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe nickel‐catalyzed borylation of aryl 2‐pyridyl ethers via the loss of a 2‐pyridyloxy group is described. This method allows a 2‐pyridyloxy group to be used as a convertible directing group in C−H bond functionalization reactions. The nickel catalyst can also borylate arylmethyl 2‐pyridyl ethers, in which the stereochemistry at the benzylic position is retained in the case of chiral secondary benzylic substrates.magnified image
Ontogenetic scaling of fore limb and hind limb joint posture and limb bone cross‐sectional geometry in vervets and baboons
Authors: Burgess M. Loring , Schmitt Daniel , Zeininger Angel , McFarlin Shannon C. , Zihlman Adrienne L. , Polk John D. , Ruff Christopher B. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesPrevious studies suggest that the postures habitually adopted by an animal influence the mechanical loading of its long bones. Relatively extended limb postures in larger animals should preferentially reduce anteroposterior (A‐P) relative to mediolateral (M‐L) bending of the limb bones and therefore decrease A‐P/M‐L rigidity. We test this hypothesis by examining growth‐related changes in limb bone structure in two primate taxa that differ in ontogenetic patterns of joint posture.Materials and MethodsKnee and elbow angles of adult and immature vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops, n = 16) were compared to published data for baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus, n = 33, Patel et al., ). Ontogenetic changes in ratios of A‐P/M‐L bending rigidity in the femur and humerus were compared in skeletal samples (C. aethiops, n = 28; P. cynocephalus, n = 39). Size changes were assessed with linear regression, and age group differences tested with ANOVA.ResultsOnly the knee of baboons shows significant postural change, becoming more extended with age and mass. A‐P/M‐L bending rigidity of the femur decreases during ontogeny in immature and adult female baboons only. Trends in the humerus are less marked. Adult male baboons have higher A‐P/M‐L bending rigidity of the femur than females.ConclusionsThe hypothesized relationship between more extended joints and reduced A‐P/M‐L bending rigidity is supported by our results for immature and adult female baboon hind limbs, and the lack of significant age changes in either parameter in forelimbs and vervets. Adult males of both species depart from general ontogenetic trends, possibly due to socially mediated behavioral differences between sexes. Am J Phys Anthropol 161:72–83, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wasser als Schlüssel zu amorphem Proto‐Aragonit‐CaCO3
Authors: Farhadi‐Khouzani Masoud , Chevrier Daniel M. , Zhang Peng , Hedin Niklas , Gebauer Denis 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTemperatur und pH‐Wert können die Nahordnung in proto‐strukturiertem, amorphem Calciumcarbonat (ACC) in Abwesenheit von Additiven beeinflussen. Während im Proto‐Vaterit(pv)‐ACC bei pH 9.80 bei >45 °C eine ausgeprägte Veränderung stattfindet, ist dies beim Proto‐Calcit(pc)‐ACC innerhalb des untersuchten Temperaturbereichs von 7 bis 65 °C nicht der Fall. Mit IR‐ und NMR‐Spektroskopie sowie EXAFS konnte gezeigt werden, dass die temperaturbedingten Veränderungen auf die Bildung von Proto‐Aragonit(pa)‐ACC zurückzuführen sind. Die experimentellen Befunde sprechen zudem dafür, dass bei pa‐ACC durch die Bindung von Wassermolekülen ein Dipolmoment innerhalb der Carbonationen induziert wird, vergleichbar mit dem Effekt der Kristallsymmetrie auf die Carbonationen in der Aragonitstruktur. So kann in Abhängigkeit von Zustandsgrößen wie der Temperatur und Lösungsparametern wie dem pH‐Wert die Polyamorphie von CaCO3 anhand eines (Pseudo‐)Phasendiagramms, in dem Wasser eine Schlüsselrolle spielt, dargestellt werden.
Myeloperoxidase‐responsive materials for infection detection based on immobilized aminomethoxyphenol
Authors: Schiffer Doris , Tegl Gregor , Vielnascher Robert , Weber Hansjoerg , Herrero‐Rollett Alexandra , Sigl Eva , Heinzle Andrea , Guebitz Georg M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThere is a strong need for simple and fast diagnostic tools for the detection of wound infection. Immune system‐derived enzymes like myeloperoxidase are efficient biomarkers for wound infection that emerge in the early stage infection process. In this study, 5‐amino‐2‐methoxyphenol was functionalized with alkoxysilane to allow visual detection of MPO on carrier materials, for example, in test strips. Indeed, MPO activity was visually detectable in short time in wound background. Oxidation of the substrate was followed spectrophotometrically and proved via HPLC. LC‐ESI TOF and NMR analyses unveiled the reaction mechanism and a dimeric reaction product responsible for the visualization of MPO activity. The substrate specificity and sensitivity toward MPO detection was proved and tests with infected wound fluids were successfully performed. The study demonstrates the suitability of the novel MPO substrate for the detection of wound infection and the covalent immobilization on diagnostic carrier materials. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2553–2560. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
G‐Quadruplexes with Tetra(ethylene glycol)‐Modified Deoxythymidines are Resistant to Nucleases and Inhibit HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase
Authors: Tateishi‐Karimata Hisae , Muraoka Takahiro , Kinbara Kazushi , Sugimoto Naoki 
Published: June 2016

AbstractG‐quadruplex formation in virally encoded templates arrests reverse transcription. Methods to stabilize this structure are promising for antiviral approaches. To stabilize G‐quadruplex formation, deoxythymidines were modified with tetra(ethylene glycol) (TEG). The TEG‐modified G‐quadruplexes were stabilized significantly relative to unmodified DNA. In the presence of a TEG‐modified oligonucleotide that is capable of forming an intermolecular G‐quadruplex with a template containing a hu‐ man immunodeficiency virus‐1 sequence, reverse transcription was inhibited by more than 70 % relative to the reaction in the absence of the TEG‐modified oligonucleotide. Moreover, the TEG‐modified deoxythymidines protected the DNA oligonucleotide from degradation by various nucleases in human serum. Thus, DNA oligonucleotides modified with TEG have potential in therapeutic applications.
Semirational Protein Engineering of CYP153AM.aq.‐CPRBM3 for Efficient Terminal Hydroxylation of Short‐ to Long‐Chain Fatty Acids
Authors: Notonier Sandra , Gricman Łukasz , Pleiss Jürgen , Hauer Bernhard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe regioselective terminal hydroxylation of alkanes and fatty acids is of great interest in a variety of industrial applications, such as in cosmetics, in fine chemicals, and in the fragrance industry. The chemically challenging activation and oxidation of non‐activated C−H bonds can be achieved with cytochrome P450 enzymes. CYP153AM.aq.‐CPRBM3 is an artificial fusion construct consisting of the heme domain from Marinobacter aquaeolei and the reductase domain of CYP102A1 from Bacillus megaterium. It has the ability to hydroxylate medium‐ and long‐chain fatty acids selectively at their terminal positions. However, the activity of this interesting P450 construct needs to be improved for applications in industrial processes. For this purpose, the design of mutant libraries including two consecutive steps of mutagenesis is demonstrated. Targeted positions and residues chosen for substitution were based on semi‐rational protein design after creation of a homology model of the heme domain of CYP153AM.aq., sequence alignments, and docking studies. Site‐directed mutagenesis was the preferred method employed to address positions within the binding pocket, whereas diversity was created with the aid of a degenerate codon for amino acids located at the substrate entrance channel. Combining the successful variants led to the identification of a double variant—G307A/S233G—that showed alterations of one position within the binding pocket and one position located in the substrate access channel. This double variant showed twofold increased activity relative to the wild type for the terminal hydroxylation of medium‐chain‐length fatty acids. This variant furthermore showed improved activity towards short‐ and long‐chain fatty acids and enhanced stability in the presence of higher concentrations of fatty acids.
6‐Substituted 2‐Aminopurine‐2′‐deoxyribonucleoside 5′‐Triphosphates that Trace Cytosine Methylation
Authors: von Watzdorf Janina , Marx Andreas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGene expression is extensively regulated by the occurrence and distribution of the epigenetic marker 2′‐deoxy 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) in genomic DNA. Because of its effects on tumorigenesis there is an important link to human health. In addition, detection of 5mC can serve as an outstanding biomarker for diagnostics as well as for disease therapy. Our previous studies have already shown that, by processing O6‐alkylated 2′‐deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) analogues, DNA polymerases are able to sense the presence of a single 5mC unit in a template. Here we present the synthesis and evaluation of an extended toolbox of 6‐substituted 2‐aminopurine‐2′‐deoxyribonucleoside 5′‐triphosphates modified at position 6 with various functionalities. We found that sensing of 5‐methylation by this class of nucleotides is more general, not being restricted to O6‐alkyl modification of dGTP but also applying to other functionalities.
Development of Bifunctional Thiourea Organocatalysts Derived from a Chloramphenicol Base Scaffold and their Use in the Enantioselective Alcoholysis of meso Cyclic Anhydrides
Authors: Yan Lin‐Jie , Wang Hai‐Feng , Chen Wen‐Xue , Tao Yuan , Jin Kai‐Jun , Chen Fen‐Er 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of new chloramphenicol‐base‐derived thiourea organocatalysts, (1S,2R)‐12 a–f and (1R,2R)‐15 a–c, and their use in the enantioselective alcoholysis of meso‐anhydrides are described. In particular, hemiesters afforded excellent enantioselectivities if low loadings of (1S,2R)‐12 a–f were used. Almost no enantioselectivities were achieved with the use of (1R,2R)‐15 a–c. This technique was used to synthesize (R)‐(−)‐baclofen.