bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of 2‐Oxofuro(2,3‐c)piperidines.
Authors: PSHENICHNYI G. V. , KRAPIVKO I. I. , FRANKOV I. A. , STANISHEVSKII L. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe furopiperidinones (III) are prepared from the piperidinones (I) and the phoshorylacetic ester (II) by a Wittig‐Horner reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐((3‐Pyridinylmethyl)thio)pyrimidine Derivatives: New Bronchosecretolytic Agents.
Authors: SCHICKANEDER H. , ENGLER H. , SZELENYI I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe sulfides (I) and (II), prepared by reacting mercaptans with chlorides, are oxidized with m‐chloroperbenzoic acid to yield sulfoxides and sulfones such as (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Facile Synthesis of 4‐Oxo‐1,4‐dihydrocinnolines.
Authors: BALDOLI C. , LICANDRO E. , MAIORANA S. , MENTA E. , PAPAGNI A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 2‐(2‐aminoaryl)‐2‐oxoethylidenephosphoranes (III) are prepared from the anthranilates (I) and the methylenephosphorane (II) or from the o‐nitroaroyl chlorides (IV) and tert‐butoxycarbonylmethylenephosphorane (V).
ChemInform Abstract: C‐Centred Optically Active Organosilanes. Part 1. Synthesis of New Silylated Chiral Auxiliaries.
Authors: COPPI L. , RICCI A. , TADDEI M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhenyldimethylsilyllithium (I) and copper(I) cyanide produce the lithiocuprate (II) which reacts with (1R)‐(‐)‐myrtenal (III), forming the adduct (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Vinyl Azides in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part 7. Synthetic Studies on the Cytotoxic Marine Alkaloid Amphimedine.
Authors: LABARCA C. V. , MACKENZIE A. R. , MOODY C. J. , REES C. W. , VAQUERO J. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe pyridoacridone (Va) is synthesized as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Voltammetric and IR Spectral Studies on the Interaction of Ni(II) Dithiocarbamates with Triphenylphosphine and the Crystal and Molecular Structure of Diethyldithiocarbamatobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) perchlorate, (Ni(dedtc)(PPh3)2)ClO4.
Authors: RAMALINGAM K. , ARAVAMUDAN G. , SESHASAYEE M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Ni(II) dithiocarbamates (I) with various substituents react with triphenylphosphine giving mixed ligand complexes of the general formulae (II) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemically Induced (4 + 2)‐Cycloadditions. A Mechanistic Interpretation of the Cation Radical Diels‐Alder Reaction Based on Preparative Results.
Authors: MLCOCH J. , STECKHAN E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractElectrolysis of the cyclohexadienes (I) results in dimerization to form the cycloadducts (II) which predominantly have an endo‐configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Reactions of Sulfur Diimides with Electron‐Rich and Electron‐Poor Alkynes.
Authors: GOTTHARDT H. , LOEHR T. + , BRAUER D. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDepending upon which reaction conditions are employed, treatment of (Ia) with (IIa) leads to either (III), and/or (IV), or (VIa) + (VII) (also accessible from (IV)).
ChemInform Abstract: Transmetallation Reactions Involving Phenylenemercurials.
Authors: HUMPHRIES R. E. , AL‐JABAR N. A. A. , BOWEN D. , MASSEY A. G. , DEACON G. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe phenylenemercurials (I) form heterocycles of the types (III) and (IV) when heated with group V and group VI elements (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2,4,6‐Tri‐tert‐butylphenyllithium with Bromotrichlorosilane. Generation of Trichlorosilyllithium, LiSiCl3.
Authors: OEHME H. , WEISS H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTrichlorosilyllithium (III) is obtained by reacting bromotrichlorosilane (I) with sufficiently sterically hindered organolithium derivatives such as (IIa) and (IIb) in a metal halogen exchange reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes of 2,4‐Diamino‐5‐(3′,4′,5′‐trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine (Trimethoprim) and 2,4‐Diamino‐5‐(p‐chlorophenyl)‐6‐ethylpyrimidine (Pyrimethamine). Part 3. Syntheses and X‐Ray Structures of (Rh2(O2CCH3)4(Trimethoprim)2)·2 C6H6·CH3OH and (Rh2(O2CCH3)4(Pyrimethamine)2).
Authors: ZORODDU M. A. , NALDINI L. , DEMARTIN F. , MASCIOCCHI N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAddition of a methanolic solution of the title pyrimidine ligands to the diaquo adduct of the dirhodium tetraacetate yields the diamagnetic complexes (I) and (II) (no yields given).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Paths and Kinetics in the Cr2+ Reduction of the Mo(V)2 and Mo(IV)3 Ions (Mo2O4(H2O)6)2+ and (Mo3O4(H2O)9)4+
Authors: HILLS E. F. , SYKES A. G. 
Published: May 2016

Abstracthas been investigated using p‐toluenesulphonic acid as supporting electrolyte.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Reaction of Magnesium Amides with Allylic Electrophiles Catalyzed by Palladium‐Complexes.
Authors: DZHEMILEV U. M. , IBRAGIMOV A. G. , MINSKER D. L. , MUSLUKHOV R. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe palladium catalyzed reaction of the allyl derivatives (I) with the alkylaminomagnesium bromides (II) or (IV) is an effective method of producing the unsaturated tertiary amines (III) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of a Dipole Moment on the Ionic Strength Dependence of Electron‐Transfer Reactions of Cytochrome c.
Authors: RUSH J. D. , LAN J. , KOPPENOL W. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe ionic strength dependence of electron‐transfer reactions between metal ion complexes of varying overall charges such as (I)‐(III) and horse‐heart ferri‐ and ferrocytochrome c is measured.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Stereochemical Studies of the Chiral Ruthenium Complexes (Ru(η‐C5H5)((S)dpompyr‐PP′)X) (dpompyr: N‐diphenylphosphino‐2‐(diphenylphosphinoxymethyl)pyrrolidine, X: H or Cl). Crystal Structure of ((S)Ru(η‐C5H5)((S)dpompyr‐PP′)Cl).
Authors: CESAROTTI E. , PRATI L. , SIRONI A. , CIANI G. , WHITE C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA simple procedure for the preparation of (S)‐(IVa) from Ru3(CO)12 is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural‐Electronic Relationships in Inorganic Solids: Powder Neutron Diffraction Studies of the Rutile and Anatase Polymorphs of Titanium Dioxide at 15 and 295 K
Authors: BURDETT J. K. , HUGHBANKS T. , MILLER G. J. , RICHARDSON J. W. JUN. , SMITH J. V. 
Published: May 2016

Abstractshow a nearly isotropic shrinkage of the structures of both rutile and anatase upon cooling from 295 to 15 K and no change in the sense of the coordination geometry about the Ti atom.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopy and Proton Transfer of Matrix‐Isolated Hydrogen‐Bonding 3‐Hydroxychromone Complexes.
Authors: BRUCKER G. A. , KELLEY D. F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUnsolvated (I) is found to exhibit fast (< 10 ps) excited‐state proton‐transfer (ESPT).
ChemInform Abstract: Host‐Guest Complexation. Part 42. Preorganization Strongly Enhances the Tendency of Hemispherands to Form Hemispheraplexes.
Authors: DOXSEE K. M. , FEIGEL M. , STEWART K. D. , CANARY J. W. , KNOBLER C. B. , CRAM D. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesized hemispherands (VII) and (IX)‐(X) form complexes with alkali picrates or alkylammonium picrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfur‐Nitrogen‐Bonded Metal Chelates. Part 16. Reactivities of Coordinated Nitriles in the Nickel(II) Complexes (Ni(S N N)(NCR))(ClO4) with Alcohols, Amines, and Different Nucleophiles. Synthesis, Characterization, and Stereochemistry of Imino‐Ether, Amide, and Amidine Complexes.
Authors: PAUL P. , NAG K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe nitrile complexes (I) are prepared from their neutral chloro analogues by chloride abstraction using AgClO4 and nitrile addition.
ChemInform Abstract: Homogeneous Catalytic Synthesis of Alkyl Formates from the Reaction of Alkyl Halides, CO2, and H2 in the Presence of Anionic Group 6 Carbonyl Catalysts and Sodium Salts.
Authors: DARENSBOURG D. J. , OVALLES C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGroup 6 metal pentacarbonyl chlorides and bridging hydrides, (CO)5MCl‐ and (μ‐H)(M2(CO)10)‐ (M: Cr, Mo, or W), are found to be effective homogeneous catalyst precursors for the production of long chain formate esters (HCO‐O‐R, R: butyl or octyl) from CO2, H2, and alkyl halides (R‐X; X: Cl, Br, or I) in the presence of alkali‐metal salts (NaHCO3, Na2CO3, or K2CO3).
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Vitamin B12. Part 28. Crystal Structure of Dicyanocobyrinic Acid Heptamethyl Ester and Its Interaction with Alcohols: the Effects of Hydrogen Bonding to Coordinated Cyanide.
Authors: MARKWELL A. J. , PRATT J. M. , SHAIKJEE M. S. , TOERIEN J. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe X‐ray structural analysis of the iPrOH adduct of the title complex (space group P21, Z=2) shows that one cyanide is H‐bonded to iPrOH while the other interacts with two methyl groups of ester side‐chains on neighbouring molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolines with Malonic Acid and Its Derivatives.
Authors: PELLETIER J. C. , CAVA M. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHeating a neat mixture of the 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolines (I) and the malonic acid derivatives (II) produces the 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1‐isoquinolines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Preparation of the Amminetrichloroplatinate(II) Anion
Authors: ABRAMS M. J. , GIANDOMENICO C. M. , VOLLANO J. F. , SCHWARTZ D. A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstracthas been developed due to the importance of (Pt(NH3)Cl3)‐ as a starting material in Pt(II) coordination chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: New Aspects of the Electrochemistry of Heteropolyacids. Part 4. Acidity Dependent Cyclic Voltammetric Behavior of Phosphotungstic and Silicotungstic Heteropolyanions in Water and N,N‐Dimethylformamide.
Authors: KEITA B. , NADJO L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractElectrochemical reduction processes of α‐SiW12O44‐0 (I), α‐PW12O43‐0 (II), and α‐P2W18O66‐2 (III) have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry in strongly acidic aqueous solutions and in DMF with stepwise addition of HClO4.
ChemInform Abstract: Claisen Rearrangement of Sterically Hindered N‐Alkenylindolines.
Authors: ABDRAKHMANOV I. B. , MUSTAFIN A. G. , TOLSTIKOV G. A. , SPRUKHIN L. V. , KHALILOV L. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe indolenines (I) are alkylated with the alkenyl halides (II) to give the N‐alkenyl derivatives (III) which are rearranged under acidic catalysis, producing the 7‐alkenylindolines (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Solubility of Amorphous Chromium(III)‐Iron(III) Hydroxide Solid Solutions.
Authors: SASS B. M. , RAI D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe solubilities of amorphous precipitates (CrxFe1‐x(OH)3) obtained by coprecipitation from Cr(III)‐Fe(III) solutions with different mole fractions (x) of Cr(OH)3 (0.99‐0.00) are determined in 0.01 M perchlorate solutions between pH 2 and 6 under N2.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamics of SiF4 Desorption During Etching of Silicon by XeF2.
Authors: HOULE F. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTime‐of‐flight distributions for SiF4, the principal product of the spontaneous etching reaction between Si and XeF2, are determined by simulation of waveforms obtained by modulated product beam mass spectrometry.
ChemInform Abstract: Gas‐Phase Heteroaromatic Substitution. Part 6. Alkylation of Pyrrole, N‐Methylpyrrole, Furan, and Thiophene by Isopropyl Cation.
Authors: LAGUZZI G. , SPERANZA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of isopropyl cations (II), obtained in the dilute gas‐state from γ‐radiolysis of propane, with hetero compounds (I), both neat and in competition with benzene, in the pressure range 50‐760 torr, and in the presence of variable concentrations of gaseous base NMe3 is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: π4s + π2s Cycloaddition: Synthesis, Structure and Oxa‐di‐π Rearrangement of Tricyclo(5.2.2.02,6)undecadienones.
Authors: SINGH V. , RAJU B. N. S. , DEOTA P. T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCycloaddition of the dienes (I) to the dienone (II) yields exclusively the endo‐adducts (III) which are hydrolyzed to the alcohols (IV) (no yield given for (IVc)).
ChemInform Abstract: A General Method for the Synthesis of Chiral Multifunctional Chain Compounds Incorporating Pentitol Fragments.
Authors: PIKUL S. , RACZKO J. , ANKNER K. , JURCZAK J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of pentitol derivatives (XII) and (XIII) of all possible configurations starts with the components (I) and (II) which are converted to the derivatives (VIa)‐(VId).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidines.
Authors: GARRATT P. J. , HOBBS C. J. , WALPOLE C. S. J. , WRIGGLESWORTH R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe primary amines (I) react with the cyanimine (II) to give the amidine derivatives (III) which undergo cyclization reaction with benzylamine (IV), producing the imidazolidinone (V) or the pyrimidine derivatives (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Nitroacetylenes: Synthesis of 1‐Nitro‐2‐(trialkylsilyl)acetylenes via Nitrodesilylation of Bis(trialkylsilyl)acetylenes.
Authors: SCHMITT R. J. , BOTTARO J. C. , MALHOTRA R. , BEDFORD C. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe bissilylacetylenes (I) react with the nitronium salts (II) to produce the nitrosilylacetylenes (III) and/or (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient and Facile Synthesis of Dialkylphosphines.
Authors: MAJEWSKI P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe thermal disproportionation of the dialkylphosphine oxides (I), yielding (IV) and (V), is accelerated by the dialkylphosphinic chloride (II)/dialkylchlorophosphine (III) system which is generated in situ by chlorination of (I) with a catalytic amount of carbon tetrachloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Reactivities, and Structural Studies on High‐Valent Ruthenium Oxo Complexes. Ruthenium(IV), Ruthenium(V), and Ruthenium(VI) Oxo Complexes of Tertiary Amine Ligands.
Authors: CHE C.‐M. , LAI T.‐F. , WONG K.‐Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe preparations of the title complexes (III), (V), and (VII) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of the Peroxo Complex of Molybdenum(VI) in Acidic Perchlorate Solution.
Authors: LYDON J. D. , SCHWANE L. M. , THOMPSON R. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe equilibrium between H2O2 and Mo(VI) in acidic perchlorate solution has been investigated by a spectrophotometric method and the kinetics of formation and dissociation of the peroxo complex (III) have been measured by use of the stopped‐flow technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Laser‐Jet Delayed Trapping: Electron‐Transfer Trapping of the Photoenol from 2‐Methylbenzophenone.
Authors: WILSON R. M. , HANNEMANN K. , HEINEMAN W. R. , KIRCHHOFF J. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe E‐enol (II), produced photolytically from 2‐methyl‐benzophenone (I) and/or thermolytically from benzocyclobutanol (III), is trapped with a range of trapping agents such as benzoquinone (IV) (product (VII) is only detected when (II) is generated photolytically), dimethylbenzoquinone (VIII), or naphthoquinone (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Imidazole‐4(5)‐alkoxycarbonyl‐5(4)‐ carboxamide Derivatives.
Authors: YASUDA N. , NAKAMURA A. , TSUBOI M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe imidazole carboxylates and carboxamides (II), (IV), (VI), and (VIII) and several related derivatives are prepared by known methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2‐Di‐(4‐pyridyl)ethylenediamine and Related Compounds.
Authors: BRANA M. F. , CASTELLANO J. M. , LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ M. L. , GALVEZ M. , AMIL M. R. , RUBIO E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe N,N'‐diacyl‐1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylenediamines (I) are cyclized with sulfuric acid to form the imidazolidines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐(4‐Cyclopentylphenyl)piperazine and Its 4‐Substituted Derivatives: Synthesis and Biological Screening.
Authors: VEJDELEK Z. , PROTIVA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound (III) and its derivatives (VI) show some antimicrobial and in the case of (VIa) and (VIe) anthelmintic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Intramolecular Cyclization of Bisalkylamides of Methylenediphosphorus(IV)‐Containing Acids.
Authors: NOVIKOVA Z. S. , MONIN E. A. , KABACHNIK M. M. , LUTSENKO I. F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe methylenediphosphonites (I) react with the alkyl iodides (II) to give the phosphinic amides (III) or (V) depending on the molar ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: Anomalously Coupled Nucleosides. Part 2. Reaction of 3‐(N6‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐2‐methyl‐9‐adenyl)‐2,3‐dideoxy‐D‐threo‐pentopyranose with Alcohols and Anilines.
Authors: ANDERSEN J. , PEDERSEN E. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound (I) reacts with the alcohols (II) to give the adenyl‐dideoxypentopyranosides (III) as mixtures of α and β anomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Vinylidene Complexes. Part 7. Reactions of Cp(CO)2Mn=C=CHPh with Phosphites. A New Method for the Synthesis of Styrylphosphonates.
Authors: ANTONOVA A. B. , KOVALENKO S. V. , CHERKASOV R. A. , OVCHINNIKOV V. V. , IOGANSON A. A. , KORNETS E. D. , DEIKHINA N. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe manganese phenylvinylidene complex (I) reacts with the phosphites (II) or the phosphonite (IV) to give the styrylphosphonate or ‐phosphinate π‐complexes (III) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthetic Route to (α,β,γ,δ‐Tetraphenylporphinato)iron(II).
Authors: REAGEN W. K. , RADONOVICH L. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA frozen iron/toluene matrix formed from the cocondensation of Fe and toluene vapors is warmed to ‐94.6 °C. At this temp. the matrix melts down as a reactive slurry reacting with (Ia) in toluene leading in essentially 100% conversion of the porphyrin to (Ib) (yield in g).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nitro Compounds and Nitrates from p‐Diadamantylbenzenes.
Authors: SHIRYAEV A. K. , KORZHEV I. R. , STULIN N. V. , MOISEEV I. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe nitration of the diadamantylbenzene (Ia) and its dicarboxy derivative (Ib) with 98% HNO3 in aprotic solvents yields the mononitro derivatives (IIa) and (IIb), together with the compounds (III) ‐ (V) as byproducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Rotational Spectra and Structures of the Small Clusters Ar3‐HF and Ar3‐DF.
Authors: GUTOWSKY H. S. , KLOTS T. D. , CHUANG C. , KEEN J. D. , SCHMUTTENMAER C. A. , EMILSSON T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMicrowave rotational spectra of the title clusters are obtained by a Flygare spectrometer, which uses Fourier transform operation of a Fabry‐Perot microwave cavity in conjunction with a pulsed supersonic nozzle to generate the clusters.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,4,5,6‐Tetrahydro‐1H‐2,6‐methano‐2‐benzazocin‐5‐one and Its Reduction Products.
Authors: ASHAUER‐HOLZGRABE U. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound (II) is prepared by oxidation of the N‐benzylpiperidone (I) with cerium(IV) sulfate.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Bipyridine‐Containing Polyamides and Their Metalation with Ruthenium Ions.
Authors: YAGI K. , DE LOURDES RIVERA‐CASTRO M. , CEDENO R. , INOUE M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe polyamides (VII) with 2,2'‐bipyridine groups in the main chains are obtained in high purity by the homogeneous polycondensation between the ester (V), prepared as shown, and the diamines (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Elimination and Addition Reactions. Part 41. Nucleophilic Eliminative Fission of Cyclopropanes: The Coiled Spring Effect of Ring Strain on Nucleofugality and Its Evaluation.
Authors: HUGHES S. , GRIFFITHS G. , STIRLING C. J. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA comparison of the nucleophilic elimination from cyclopropanes such as (I) with the reaction of the unstrained analogues such as (III) and (IV) shows that the enhanced nucleofugality (about 9 log units) for the pair (Ia) and (IIIa) corresponds to decreased free energies of activation for leaving‐group expulsion by about 53 kJ/mol.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation and Nitrogen NMR Spectra of Some Nitrimines (′Pernitroso‐ketones′), and the Mechanism of Oxime Cleavage by Nitrous Acid.
Authors: ADAMOPOULOS S. , BOULTON A. J. , TADAYONI R. , WEBB G. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe formation of nitrimines, by the action of nitrous acid on oximes, is shown to proceed without scrambling of the nitrogen atoms, the oxime nitrogen forming the imine, and the nitrous acid generating the nitro group.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Reactions of Tetrafluorodisilacyclobutene with 1,3‐Butadienes Mediated by Metal Carbonyls. Part 3. Hydrogen Migration vs. Fluorine Migration.
Authors: LEE C.‐Y. , LIN C.‐H. , LIU C.‐S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title reaction of the compounds (I) and (II) proceeds via an unusual 1,1‐addition pathway.
Unscented Kalman Filtering for Self‐Sensing Magnetic Levitation against Magnetic Saturation
Authors: MATSUDA KOHEI , SAKAMOTO TETSUZO 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the magnetic saturation problem of self‐sensing electromagnetic levitation system and presents a novel self‐sensing scheme. The proposed approach employs a demodulation technique. By superimposing a high‐frequency voltage, the resulting electromagnet coil currents have ripples that can be used for gap sensing. This paper shows that the gap length is not uniquely estimated when using only the relation between the ripple, the control currents, and the gap. The constraint conditions are to be determined to solve the problem. The proposed approach utilizes the dynamical motion model of the electromagnetic levitation system to uniquely identify the gap. Introducing the system behavior dynamics, the gap can be exactly estimated. To incorporate the system model with the gap sensing algorithm, a nonlinear filtering methodology is employed. The proposed estimator is demonstrated by the experiments. The results show that it is possible to address magnetic saturation with the proposed gap sensing scheme. The estimator has a good accuracy in a wider gap range compared to the conventional methods.
New Estimation Method of Millimeter‐Wave Power by Dealing Optical Power
Authors: KIMURA YUKIYASU , ARAI SHIGEO , OTANI AKIHITO 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYThis report is regarding to a new measurement of a millimeter‐wave using optical power. A calorie meter conventionally has been used to measure the millimeter‐wave power above 100 GHz, which has high temperature dependence, and therefore finds the difficulty of small power measurement. To overcome this difficulty, we propose the new method to estimate millimeter‐wave power by measuring optical power of optical 2‐tone signals. This proposed method has low temperature dependence due to optical power, and therefore makes the small power of the above millimeter‐wave enable. The principle and the estimation methods of this new method, and its experimental methods and results are explained. Noble results show that the difference between estimated and experiment value is maximally 0.99 dB at 110 GHz, the measurement possibility of frequency extending more than 170 GHz is referred to.
Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Dhingra Pankul , Singh Pallavi , Rana Prem Jyoti Singh , Garg Akshat , Kar Prasenjit 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOrganolead halide perovskites have attracted much interest from the scientific community in the past four years towards potential photovoltaic applications. A record efficiency of 20.1 % was reported in 2014. Some variation in efficiency is observed when the hole‐transporting material (HTM) used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is altered. This Review emphasizes the importance of HTMs as a means to elevate the already superior device performance to a new status. A basic introduction to perovskites as materials for photovoltaics is first provided. A plethora of HTMs used for the fabrication of these cells are then presented and the nuances of their chemistry are analyzed in detail. Finally, on the basis of the Review of HTMs, strategies that can be employed for synthesizing the “perfect” HTM for PSCs are discussed.