bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion With Subsequent Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in Biopsy-Proven Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Williams Zoë R. , Wang Xiaofei , DiLoreto David A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:
Central retinal artery occlusion with subsequent central retinal vein occlusion in the same eye is a rare entity. We present a 72-year-old man with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis who developed bilateral arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and a left central retinal artery occlusion. Subsequently, he developed a left central retinal vein occlusion within 2 weeks of his initial vision loss. His vision did not improve with corticosteroids.
Utility of Continuous EEG Monitoring in Noncritically lll Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Billakota Santoshi , Sinha Saurabh R. 
Published: June 2016

Introduction:
Continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring is used in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting to detect seizures, especially nonconvulsive seizures and status epilepticus. The utility and impact of such monitoring in non-ICU patients are largely unknown.

Methods:
Hospitalized patients who were not in an ICU and underwent cEEG monitoring in the first half of 2011 and 2014 were identified. Reason for admission, admitting service (neurologic and nonneurologic), indication for cEEG, comorbid conditions, duration of recording, EEG findings, whether an event/seizure was recorded, and impact of EEG findings on management were reviewed. We evaluated the impact of the year of recording, admitting service, indication for cEEG, and neurologic comorbidity on the yield of recordings based on whether an event was captured and/or a change in antiepileptic drug management occurred.

Results:
Two hundred forty-nine non-ICU patients had cEEG monitoring during these periods. The indication for cEEG was altered mental status (60.6%), observed seizures (26.5%), or observed spells (12.9%); 63.5% were on neuro-related services. The average duration of recording was 1.8 days. EEG findings included interictal epileptiform discharges (14.9%), periodic lateralized discharges (4%), and generalized periodic discharges (1.6%). Clinical events were recorded in 28.1% and seizures in 16.5%. The cEEG led to a change in antiepileptic drug management in 38.6% of patients. There was no impact of type of admitting service; there was no significant impact of indication for cEEG.

Conclusions:
In non-ICU patients, cEEG monitoring had a relatively high yield of event/seizures (similar to ICU) and impact on management. Temporal trends, admitting service, and indication for cEEG did not alter this.
Utilization of Quantitative EEG Trends for Critical Care Continuous EEG Monitoring: A Survey of Neurophysiologists
Authors: Swisher Christa B. , Sinha Saurabh R. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:
Quantitative EEG (QEEG) can be used to assist with review of large amounts of data generated by critical care continuous EEG monitoring. This study aimed to identify current practices regarding the use of QEEG in critical care continuous EEG monitoring of critical care patients.

Methods:
An online survey was sent to 796 members of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS), instructing only neurophysiologists to participate.

Results:
The survey was completed by 75 neurophysiologists that use QEEG in their practice. Survey respondents reported that neurophysiologists and neurophysiology fellows are most likely to serve as QEEG readers (97% and 52%, respectively). However, 21% of respondents reported nonneurophysiologists are also involved with QEEG interpretation. The majority of nonneurophysiologist QEEG data review is aimed to alert neurophysiologists to periods of concern, but 22% reported that nonneurophysiologists use QEEG to directly guide clinical care. Quantitative EEG was used most frequently for seizure detection (92%) and burst suppression monitoring (59%). A smaller number of respondents use QEEG for monitoring the depth of sedation (29%), ischemia detection (28%), vasospasm detection (28%) and prognosis after cardiac arrest (21%). About half of the respondents do not review every page of the raw critical care continuous EEG record when using QEEG. Respondents prefer a panel of QEEG trends displayed as hemispheric data, when applicable. There is substantial variability regarding QEEG trend preferences for seizure detection and ischemia detection.

Conclusions:
QEEG is being used by neurophysiologists and nonneurophysiologists for applications beyond seizure detection, but practice patterns vary widely. There is a need for standardization of QEEG methods and practices.
Association Between Gender, Body Mass Index, and Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Uzunkulaoğlu Aslihan , Ikbali Afsar Sevgi , Karataş Metin 
Published: June 2016

Introduction:
Entrapment of the ulnar nerve is the second most common compression neuropathy in the upper extremity, but the etiology is multifactorial and still not clearly understood. The authors aimed to determine whether gender and body mass index (BMI) are risk factors for ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE) at the elbow.

Methods:
Results of electrodiagnostic studies performed on patients with UNE between January 2008 and February 2013 were examined retrospectively. Patients with BMI ≤22 were considered slender, those with a BMI between 22 and 29, normal, and those with a BMI >29, overweight. The authors compared the data for patients with and without UNE.

Results:
A total of 622 subjects were studied; 295 were UNE cases (154 men, 141 women) and 327 were controls (110 men, 217 women). There was no difference between control and UNE groups in terms of BMI. In univariate analysis, age and gender are independent risk factors for UNE, but when included in a stepwise Cox regression model, only gender was a significant factor. Male gender was found to be a risk factor for UNE.

Conclusions:
Male gender is a risk factor for developing UNE, but age and BMI are not significant risk factors. Further studies which examine BMI and gender differences with data about occupational risk factors are required.
Intraoperative ECoG During MRI-Guided Laser-Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Intractable Epilepsy
Authors: Luedke Matthew W. , Pietak Michael R. , Serafini Sandra , Haglund Michael M. , Sinha Saurabh R. 
Published: June 2016

Summary:
MRI-guided laser-interstitial thermal therapy is a new modality for epilepsy surgery. In patients with intractable localization-related seizures, it has been used to ablate epileptogenic lesions with less morbidity than conventional craniotomies, and with potentially similar rates of seizure freedom. It is gaining favor in the treatment of mesial temporal sclerosis, in which the circumscribed epileptic focus is amenable to a stereotactic approach. In some centers, intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) is a standard procedure during tailored temporal lobectomies that include resection of mesial temporal structures. Results of intraoperative ECoG have been used to guide the extent of resection of mesial temporal structures and for prognostication. Given the limitations of burr-hole access during laser-interstitial thermal therapy, ECoG has not previously been applied. We present two case reports involving intraoperative ECoG monitoring with a depth electrode placed into the parahippocampal region, with recording before and immediately after thermal ablation of the mesial temporal region. In each case, there were decreases in the mesial temporal spike activity after laser ablation of the hippocampus. This is the first demonstration of intraoperative neurophysiologic motoring during laser-interstitial thermal therapy. The role of intraoperative ECoG for guiding the extent of ablation and determining prognosis during MRI-guided laser-interstitial thermal therapy remains to be determined.
Kin Recognition in a Clonal Fish,Poecilia Formosa
Authors: Makowicz Amber M. , Tiedemann Ralph , Steele Rachel N. , Schlupp Ingo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRelatedness strongly influences social behaviors in a wide variety of species. For most species, the highest typical degree of relatedness is between full siblings with 50% shared genes. However, this is poorly understood in species with unusually high relatedness between individuals: clonal organisms. Although there has been some investigation into clonal invertebrates and yeast, nothing is known about kin selection in clonal vertebrates. We show that a clonal fish, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa), can distinguish between different clonal lineages, associating with genetically identical, sister clonals, and use multiple sensory modalities. Also, they scale their aggressive behaviors according to the relatedness to other females: they are more aggressive to non-related clones. Our results demonstrate that even in species with very small genetic differences between individuals, kin recognition can be adaptive. Their discriminatory abilities and regulation of costly behaviors provides a powerful example of natural selection in species with limited genetic diversity.
The Effects of Migration and Assortative Mating on Admixture Linkage Disequilibrium
Authors: Zaitlen Noah , Huntsman Scott , Hu Donglei , Spear Melissa , Eng Celeste , Oh Sam S. , White Marquitta J , Mak Angel , Davis Adam , Meade Kelly , Brigino-Buenaventura Emerita , LeNoir Michael A , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Burchard Esteban G , Halperin Eran 
Published: June 2016

1AbstractStatistical models in medical and population genetics typically assume that individuals assort randomly in a population. While this simplifies model complexity, it contradicts an increasing body of evidence of non-random mating in human populations. Specifically, it has been shown that assortative mating is significantly affected by genomic ancestry. In this work we examine the effects of ancestry-assortative mating on the linkage disequilibrium between local ancestry tracks of individuals in an admixed population. To accomplish this, we develop an extension to the Wright-Fisher model that allows for ancestry based assortative mating. We show that ancestry-assortment perturbs the distribution of local ancestry linkage disequilibrium (LAD) and the variance of ancestry in a population as a function of the number of generations since admixture. This assortment effect can induce errors in demographic inference of admixed populations when methods assume random mating. We derive closed form formulae for LAD under an assortative-mating model with and without migration. We observe that LAD depends on the correlation of global ancestry of couples in each generation, the migration rate of each of the ancestral populations, the initial proportions of ancestral populations, and the number of generations since admixture. We also present the first evidence of ancestry-assortment in African Americans and examine LAD in simulated and real admixed population data of African Americans. We find that demographic inference under the assumption of random mating significantly underestimates the number of generations since admixture, and that accounting for assortative mating using the patterns of LAD results in estimates that more closely agrees with the historical narrative.
Dopaminergic neurons modulate locomotion inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Abdelhack Mohamed 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAdaptation in the sensory-mechanical loop during locomotion is a powerful mechanism that allows organisms to survive in different conditions and environments. Motile animals need to alter motion patterns in different environments. For example, crocodiles and other animals can walk on solid ground but switch to swimming in water beds. The nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansalso shows adaptability by employing thrashing behaviour in low viscosity media and crawling in high viscosity media. The mechanism that enables this adaptability is an active area of research. It has been attributed previously to neuro-modulation by dopamine and serotonin.The aim of this study is to physiologically investigate the neuronal mechanisms of modulation of locomotion by dopamine. The results suggest that the mechanosensory properties of the dopaminergic neurons PDE are not limited to touch sensation, but to surrounding environment resistance as well. The significance of such characterization is improving our understanding of dopamine gait switching which gets impaired in Parkinson’s disease.
The Human Octopus: Controlling supernumerary hands with the help of virtual reality
Authors: Kulu Sander , Vasser Madis , Vicente Zafra Raul , Aru Jaan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe investigated the “human octopus” phenomenon where subjects controlled virtual supernumerary hands through hand tracking technology and virtualreality. Four experiments were developed to study how subjects (n=10) operate with different number and behaviour of supernumerary hands. The behaviours involved inserting movement delays to the virtual hands and adjustingtheir movement scale or position. It was found that having more hands to operate with does not necessarily mean higher success rate while performinga certain task. However, supernumerary hands could bemade more effective by adjusting the associated movement scales of the extra hands. The subjective feeling and ownership of the hands diminished when a delay was inserted for the virtual hands or when their position was altered.
Active modules for multilayer weighted gene co-expression networks: a continuous optimization approach
Authors: Li Dong , He Shan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMotivationSearching for active connected subgraphs in biological networks has shown important to identifying functional modules. Most existing active modules identification methods need both network structural information and gene activity measures, typically requiring prior knowledge database and high-throughput data. As a pure data-driven gene network, weighted gene co-expression network (WGCN) could be constructed only from expression profile. Searching for modules on WGCN thus has potential values. While traditional clustering based modules detection on WGCN method covers all genes, unavoidable introducing many uninformative ones when annotating modules. We need to find more accurate part of them.ResultsWe propose a fine-grained method to identifyactivemodules on the multi-layer weighted (co-expression gene)network, based onacontinuous optimization approach (AMOUNTAIN). The multilayer network are also considered under the unified framework, as a natural extension to single layer network case. The effectiveness is validated on both synthetic data and real-world data. And the software is provided as a user-friendly R package.AvailabilityAvailable athttps://github.com/fairmiracle/AMOUNTAINContacts.he@cs.bham.ac.ukSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available atBioin-formaticsonline.
A Facilitated Diffusion Mechanism Establishes the Drosophila Dorsal Gradient
Authors: Carrell Sophia N. , O’Connell Michael D. , Allen Amy E. , Smith Stephanie M. , Reeves Gregory T. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe transcription factor NF-κB plays an important role in the immune system as an apoptotic and inflammatory factor. In theDrosophila melanogasterembryo, a homolog of NF-ΚB called Dorsal (dl) patterns the dorsal-ventral (DV) axis in a concentration-dependent manner. During early development, dl is sequestered outside the nucleus by Cactus (Cact), homologous to IκB. Toll signaling at the ventral midline breaks the dl/Cact complex, allowing dl to enter the nucleus where it transcribes target genes. Here we show that dl accumulates on the ventral side of the embryo over the last 5 cleavage cycles and that this accumulation is the result of facilitated diffusion of dl/Cact complex. We speculate that the predominant role for Cact in DV axis specification is to shuttle dl towards the ventral midline. Given that this mechanism has been found in other, independent systems, we suggest it may be more prevalent than previously thought.
Large shifts among eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea define the vertical organization of a lake sediment
Authors: Wurzbacher Christian , Fuchs Andrea , Attermeyer Katrin , Frindte Katharina , Grossart Hans-Peter , Hupfer Michael , Casper Peter , Monaghan Michael T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSediments are depositional areas where particles sink from water columns, but they are also microbial hotspots that play an important role in biogeochemical cycles. Unfortunately, the importance of both processes in structuring microbial community composition has not been assessed. We surveyed all organismic signals of the last ca. 170 years of sediment by metabarcoding, identifying global trends for eukaryotes, bacteria, archaea, and monitored 40 sediment parameters. We linked the microbial community structure to ongoing and historical environmental parameters and defined three distinct sediment horizons. This not only expands our knowledge of freshwater sediments, but also has profound implications for understanding the microbial community structure and function of sediment communities in relation to future, present, and past environmental changes.
Patient resistance as a resource: candidate obstacles in diabetes consultations
Authors: Barton Josh , Dew Kevin , Dowell Anthony , Sheridan Nicolette , Kenealy Timothy , Macdonald Lindsay , Docherty Barbara , Tester Rachel , Raphael Debbie , Gray Lesley , Stubbe Maria 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study uses conversation analysis to explore ‘candidate obstacles’, a practice observed in sequences of patient resistance to lifestyle advice within health professional consultations. This article presents illustrative analyses of selected data excerpts drawn from audio‐visual recordings of 116 tracked consultations between health professionals and 34 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in New Zealand. The analysis shows that in consultations where health promotion activities are central, patient resistance can provide space for patients to identify obstacles to their compliance with lifestyle advice. Identifying candidate obstacles provides opportunities for health professionals to align advice with concerns of patients and potentially improve patient outcomes.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iran: A 2011 update
Authors: Noshad Sina , Abbasi Mehrshad , Etemad Koorosh , Meysamie Alipasha , Afarideh Mohsen , Khajeh Elias , Asgari Fereshteh , Mousavizadeh Mostafa , Rafei Ali , Neishaboury Mohamadreza , Ghajar Alireza , Nakhjavani Manouchehr , Koohpayehzadeh Jalil , Esteghamati Alireza 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components among the Iranian adult population in 2011 and to investigate changes between 2007 and 2011.MethodsData from two rounds of the Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non‐communicable Diseases national surveys conducted in 2007 and 2011 were pooled. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to International Diabetes Federation criteria.ResultsIn 2007, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults aged 25–64 years was 35.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] 34.27–37.63), which decreased to 32.96 (95% CI 30.73–35.18) in 2011 (P = 0.0108). Despite this overall decline, the prevalence of central obesity (P = 0.1383), raised triglycerides (P = 0.3058), and reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C; P = 0.5595) remained constant. There was a trend towards a decline in the proportion of individuals with increased blood pressure (P = 0.0978), and the proportion of adults with increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) increased (P < 0.0001). In 2011, the prevalence of central obesity, raised triglycerides, reduced HDL‐C, increased blood pressure and increased FPG was 51.88 (95% CI 48.97–54.79), 36.99 (95% CI 34.52–39.45), 54.72 (95% CI 50.87–58.57), 38.92 (95% CI 36.19–41.64), and 24.97 (95% CI 22.02–27.93) respectively.ConclusionsOver the period 2007–11, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome has decreased slightly in Iran, although prevalence of increased FPG has increased significantly. One‐third of the Iranian adult population is diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.
Shear stress‐induced angiogenesis in mouse muscle is independent of the vasodilator mechanism and quickly reversible
Authors: Egginton S. , Hussain A. , Hall‐Jones J. , Chaudhry B. , Syeda F. , Glen K. E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimIs modulation of skeletal muscle capillary supply by altering blood flow due to a presumptive shear stress response per se, or dependent on the vasodilator mechanism?MethodsThe response to four different vasodilators, and cotreatment with blockers of NO and prostaglandin synthesis, was compared. Femoral artery blood flow was correlated with capillary‐to‐fibre ratio (C:F) and protein levels of putative angiogenic compounds.ResultsAll vasodilators induced a similar increase in blood flow after 14 days, with a similar effect on C:F (1.62 ± 0.05, 1.60 ± 0.01, 1.57 ± 0.06, 1.57 ± 0.07, respectively, all P < 0.05 vs. control 1.20 ± 0.01). Concomitant inhibitors revealed differential effects on blood flow and angiogenesis, demonstrating that a similar response may have different signalling origins. The time course of this response with the most commonly used vasodilator, prazosin, showed that blood flow increased from 0.40 mL min−1 to 0.61 mL min−1 by 28 days (P < 0.05), dropped within 1 week after the cessation of treatment (0.54 mL min−1; P < 0.05) and returned to control levels by 6 weeks. In parallel with FBF, capillary rarefaction began within 1 week (P < 0.05), giving C:F values similar to control by 2 weeks. Of the dominant signalling pathways, prazosin decreased muscle VEGF, but increased its cognate receptor Flk‐1 (both P < 0.01); levels of eNOS varied with blood flow (P < 0.05), and Ang‐1 initially increased, while its receptor Tie‐2 was unchanged, with only modest changes in the antiangiogenic factor TSP‐1.ConclusionHyperaemia‐induced angiogenesis, likely in response to elevated shear stress, is independent of the vasodilator involved, with a rapid induction and quick regression following the stimulus withdrawal.