bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commentary: Considering Assumptions in Associations Between Music Preferences and Empathy-Related Responding
Authors: O'Neill Susan A 
Published: June 2016

This commentary considers some of the assumptions underpinning the study by Clark and Giacomantonio (2015). Their exploratory study examined relationships between young people’s music preferences and their cognitive and affective empathy-related responses. First, the prescriptive assumption that music preferences can be measured according to how often an individual listens to a particular music genre is considered within axiology or value theory as a multidimensional construct (general, specific, and functional values). This is followed by a consideration of the causal assumption that if we increase young people’s empathy through exposure to prosocial song lyrics this will increase their prosocial behavior. It is suggested that the predictive power of musical preferences on empathy-related responding might benefit from a consideration of the larger pattern of psychological and subjective wellbeing within the context of developmental regulation across ontogeny that involves mutually influential individual–context relations.
Extension, Variability, and Normativity: Deniz Peters on Musical Experience
Authors: Alperson Philip 
Published: June 2016

In his essay, “Musical Empathy, Emotional Co-Constitution, and the ‘Musical Other,’” Deniz Peters aims to present a non-reductive account of musical empathy in musical experience that takes seriously the contributions of bodily experience through what he terms “emotional co-constitution.” I set Peters’ view in the context of what I call the Structural Object Model of musical experience and elaborate on some of the challenges Peters’ essay raises for both theoretical and empirical research on musical experience, concentrating on implications concerning ranges of cases covered by the theory, the variability of listeners’ experiences, the normativity of the theory, musical sophistication, and the cultural roots of musical experience.
“The Times They Were A-Changin’”: A Database-Driven Approach to the Evolution of Musical Syntax in Popular Music from the 1960s
Authors: L Hubert 
Published: June 2016

The goal of this research is to investigate the pitch structures of popular music in the 1960s through a large corpus study in order to identify any consistent changes in harmonic and tonal syntax. More specifically, two studies based on the Billboard DataSet (Burgoyne, Wild & Fujinaga, 2011; Burgoyne, 2011), a new corpus presenting transcriptions for more than 700 songs, is presented. The first study looks at the incidence of multi-tonic songs throughout the decade, while the second study focuses on the incidence of flat-side harmonies (e.g. bIII, bVI, and bVII) over the same period of time. While no difference was observed in the frequency of multi-tonic songs, the study showed a significant increase in the incidence of flat-side harmonies during the second half of the decade.
A method for testing synchronization to a musical beat in domestic horses (Equus ferus caballus)
Authors: Bregman Micah R. , Iversen John R. , Lichman David , Reinhart Meredith , Patel Aniruddh D. 
Published: June 2016

According to the “vocal learning and rhythmic synchronization hypothesis” (Patel, 2006), only species capable of complex vocal learning, such as humans and parrots, have the capacity to synchronize their movements to a musical beat. While empirical research to date on a few species (e.g., parrots and monkeys) has supported this hypothesis, many species remain to be examined. Domestic horses are particularly important to study, as they are vocal non-learners who are occasionally reported to move in synchrony with a musical beat, based on informal observations. If these reports are substantiated by scientific experiments, this would refute the vocal learning hypothesis and provide a new species for the comparative study of musical rhythm. Here we present a new method for testing whether horses can synchronize their trotting to a musical beat, including an illustration of data analysis based on data collected from one horse.
Cross-Cultural Representations of Musical Shape
Authors: Athanasopoulos George , Moran Nikki 
Published: June 2016

In cross-cultural research involving performers from distinct cultural backgrounds (U.K., Japan, Papua New Guinea), we examined 75 musicians’ associations between musical sound and shape, and saw pronounced differences between groups. Participants heard short stimuli varying in pitch contour and were asked to represent these visually on paper, with the instruction that if another community member saw the marks they should be able to connect them with the sounds. Participants from the U.K. group produced consistent symbolic representations, which involved depicting the passage of time from left-to-right. Japanese participants unfamiliar with English language and western standard notation provided responses comparable to the U.K. group’s. The majority opted to use a horizontal timeline, whilst a minority of traditional Japanese musicians produced unique responses with time represented vertically. The last group, a non-literate Papua New Guinean tribe known as BenaBena, produced a majority of iconic responses which did not follow the time versus pitch contour model, but highlighted musical qualities other than the parameters intentionally varied in the investigation, focusing on hue and loudness. The participants’ responses point to profoundly different ‘norms’ of musical shape association, which may be linked to literacy and to the functional role of music in a community.
Musical Objects, Cross-Domain Correspondences, and Cultural Choice: Commentary on “Cross-Cultural Representations of Musical Shape” by George Athanasopoulos and Nikki Moran
Authors: Eitan Zohar 
Published: June 2016

The target article illustrates deep cross-cultural gaps, involving not only the representation of musical shape but also the notion of a musical object itself. Yet, numerous empirical findings suggest that important cross-modal correspondences involving music and visual dimensions are inborn or learned at infancy, prior to the acquisition of language and most culture-specific behavior. Drawing on recent empirical work, the commentary attempts to reconcile this apparent disparity.
The Context-Dependency of the Experience of Auditory Succession and Prospects for Embodying Philosophical Models of Temporal Experience
Authors: Kon Maria 
Published: June 2016

Recent philosophical work on temporal experience offers generic models that are often assumed to apply to all sensory modalities. We show that the models serve as broad frameworks in which different aspects of cognitive science can be slotted and, thus, are beneficial to furthering research programs in embodied music cognition. Here we discuss a particular feature of temporal experience that plays a key role in such philosophical work: a distinction between the experience of succession and the mere succession of experiences. We question the presupposition that there is such an evident, clear distinction and suggest that, instead, it is context-dependent. After suggesting a way to modify the philosophical models of temporal experience to accommodate this context-dependency, we illustrate that these models can fruitfully incorporate research programs in embodied musical cognition. To do so we supplement a philosophical model with Godøy’s recent work that links bodily movement with musical perception. The Godøy-informed model is shown to facilitate novel hypotheses, refine our general notion of context-dependency and point towards possible extensions.
Defining HIV and SIV Reservoirs in Lymphoid Tissues
Authors: Deleage Claire , Wietgrefe Stephen W. , Del Prete Gregory , Morcock David R. , Hao Xing-Pei , Piatak, Jr. Michael , Bess Julian , Anderson Jodi L. , Perkey Katherine , Reilly Cavan , McCune Joseph M. , Haase Ashley T. , Lifson Jeffrey D. , Schacker Timothy W. , Estes Jacob D. 
Published: June 2016

A primary obstacle to an HIV-1 cure is long-lived viral reservoirs, which must be eliminated or greatly reduced. Cure strategies have largely focused on monitoring changes in T cell reservoirs in peripheral blood (PB), even though the lymphoid tissues (LT) are primary sites for viral persistence. To track and discriminate viral reservoirs within tissue compartments we developed a specific and sensitive next-generation in situ hybridization approach to detect vRNA, including vRNA+ cells and viral particles (“RNAscope”), vDNA+ cells (“DNAscope”) and combined vRNA and vDNA with immunohistochemistry to detect and phenotype active and latently infected cells in the same tissue section. RNAscope is highly sensitive with greater speed of analysis compared to traditional in situ hybridization. Highly sensitive and specific DNAscope detected SIV/HIV vDNA+ cells, including duplexed detection of vDNA and vRNA or immunophenotypic markers in the same section. Analysis of LT samples from macaques prior to and during combination antiretroviral therapy demonstrated that B cell follicles are an important anatomical compartment for both latent and active viral persistence during treatment. These new tools should allow new insights into viral reservoir biology and evaluation of cure strategies.
Comparing Percutaneous Vertebroplasty and Conservative Therapy for Treating Osteoporotic Compression Fractures in the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine
Authors: Mattie Ryan , Laimi Katri , Yu Sloane , Saltychev Mikhail 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Vertebral compression fractures are a common complication of osteoporosis and are often treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). The ability of this procedure to relieve pain better than conservative treatment is still debated. The purpose of this study was to compare the degree and duration of pain relief following PVP with that following conservative treatment for osteoporotic compression fractures by means of meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Methods:
The CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and Web of Science databases were queried for randomized controlled trials comparing PVP with conservative treatment or placebo/sham. The methodological quality was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s domain-based evaluation framework. Random-effects meta-analysis of the raw mean difference between groups in change in pain level was performed, with sensitivity analyses and the Egger test for potential publication bias.

Results:
Of 209 records found, 11 were considered relevant, involving 1,048 participants. The risk of bias was considered low in 10 studies and high in 1. The 531 patients treated with PVP had a significantly lower pain level compared with the control group at 1 to 2 weeks, 2 to 3 months, and 12 months. The 95% CI (confidence interval) of the pooled effect size at every time interval included the score of 1.5, considered to be the minimal clinically important difference. The largest pooled effect size of −1.4 (95% CI, −2.3 to −0.5) was found during the first 1 to 2 weeks. The heterogeneity was high at all 3 time points (I
2
, 71% to 96%). No significant publication bias was detected.

Conclusions:
Up to 1 year postoperatively, the effect of PVP exceeded the effect of conservative therapy with respect to pain relief in patients with osteoporotic compression fractures. The effect size was significant and close to the minimal clinically important difference.
Postoperative Pain Management Among Dominican and American Health-Care Providers
Authors: Devine Christopher A. , Yu Amy , Kasdin Rachel G. , Bogart Laura M. , Davis Aileen M. , Alcántara Abreu Luis , Ghazinouri Roya , Thornhill Thomas S. , Katz Jeffrey N. 
Published: June 2016

Background:
U.S. practitioners have prescribed opioid analgesics increasingly in recent years, contributing to what has been declared an opioid epidemic by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Opioids are used frequently in the preoperative and postoperative periods for patients undergoing total joint replacement in developed countries, but cross-cultural comparisons of this practice are limited. An international medical mission such as Operation Walk Boston, which provides total joint replacement to financially vulnerable patients in the Dominican Republic, offers a unique opportunity to compare postoperative pain management approaches in a developed nation and a developing nation.

Methods:
We interviewed American and Dominican surgeons and nurses (n = 22) during Operation Walk Boston 2015. We used a moderator’s guide with open-ended questions to inquire about postoperative pain management and factors influencing prescribing practices. Interviews were recorded and transcripts were analyzed using content analysis.

Results:
Providers highlighted differences in the patient-provider relationship, pain medication prescribing variability, and access to medications. Dominican surgeons emphasized adherence to standardized pain protocols and employed a paternalistic model of care, and American surgeons reported prescribing variability and described shared decision-making with patients. Dominican providers described limited availability of potent opioid preparations in the Dominican Republic, in contrast to American providers, who discussed opioid accessibility in the United States.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that cross-cultural comparisons provide insight into how opioid prescribing practices, approaches to the patient-provider relationship, and medication access inform distinct pain management strategies in American and Dominican surgical settings. Integrating lessons from cross-cultural pain management studies may yield more effective pain management strategies for surgical procedures performed in the United States and abroad.
Eighty-six Percent Failure Rate of a Modular-Neck Femoral Stem Design at 3 to 5 Years
Authors: Bernstein Derek T. , Meftah Morteza , Paranilam Jaya , Incavo Stephen J. 
Published: June 2016

Background:
While innovation drives advancement, it is not immune to failure. Previously, we reported a corrosion-related revision rate of 28% (23 of 81 total hip arthroplasties) among patients who received the Rejuvenate modular-neck stem implant with short-term follow-up. Because we observed a dramatic interval failure rate after our initial report, we undertook this study.

Methods:
We prospectively followed a cohort of patients who had undergone implantation of the Rejuvenate modular-neck stem, as previously reported. At a minimum of 3 years of follow-up (range, 3.0 to 5.5 years), 73 hips in 63 patients (90% of the original group) were available for analysis. The mean serum cobalt and chromium ion levels were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively. Elevated serum cobalt ion levels (>4 μg/L), pain, or abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were indications for revision surgery. Patient factors and serum metal ion levels were correlated to revision surgery. Additionally, post-revision serum cobalt and chromium ion level trends were assessed.

Results:
An 86% clinical failure rate (63 of the 73 hips) was observed at a mean follow-up of 4.2 ± 0.6 years (range, 3.0 to 5.5 years); 57 (78%) of the hips underwent revision at a mean of 3.2 ± 1.0 years (range, 1.0 to 5.5 years), and 6 (8%) of the hips were scheduled for revision. Patients who underwent revision surgery were younger and had greater serum metal ion levels and greater pain compared with patients who did not undergo revision. An elevated serum cobalt ion level was the most important independent factor associated with revision surgery. Cobalt ion levels decreased sharply after revision; however, some patients demonstrated persistent elevation with more gradual decline.

Conclusions:
Emphasizing the reporting of positive results may leave orthopaedic surgeons reticent to publicize negative results; however, the high failure rate of this implant design within 5 years prompted this report. We believe that patients and orthopaedic surgeons should be made aware of this implant’s clinical problems and patients should be followed closely. Expedient revision is necessary when failure is identified, to minimize potentially severe tissue damage and metal toxicity.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Alpha-Defensin Immunoassay and Leukocyte Esterase Colorimetric Strip Test for the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Infection
Authors: Wyatt M.C. , Beswick A.D. , Kunutsor S.K. , Wilson M.J. , Whitehouse M.R. , Blom A.W. 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Synovial biomarkers have recently been adopted as diagnostic tools for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), but their utility is uncertain. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the evidence on the accuracy of the alpha-defensin immunoassay and leukocyte esterase colorimetric strip test for the diagnosis of PJI compared with the Musculoskeletal Infection Society diagnostic criteria.

Methods:
We performed a systematic review to identify diagnostic technique studies evaluating the accuracy of alpha-defensin or leukocyte esterase in the diagnosis of PJI. MEDLINE and Embase on Ovid, ACM, ADS, arXiv, CERN DS (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire Document Server), CrossRef DOI (Digital Object Identifier), DBLP (Digital Bibliography & Library Project), Espacenet, Google Scholar, Gutenberg, HighWire, IEEE Xplore (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers digital library), INSPIRE, JSTOR (Journal Storage), OAlster (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting), Open Content, Pubget, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for appropriate studies indexed from inception until May 30, 2015, along with unpublished or gray literature. The classification of studies and data extraction were performed independently by 2 reviewers. Data extraction permitted meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity with construction of receiver operating characteristic curves for each test.

Results:
We included 11 eligible studies. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of alpha-defensin (6 studies) for PJI were 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 1.00) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.89 to 0.99), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) for alpha-defensin and PJI was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.00). The pooled diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of leukocyte esterase (5 studies) for PJI were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.95) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.82 to 0.99), respectively. The AUC for leukocyte esterase and PJI was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95 to 0.98). There was substantial heterogeneity among studies for both diagnostic tests.

Conclusions:
The diagnostic accuracy for PJI was high for both tests. Given the limited number of studies and the large cost difference between the tests, more independent research on these tests is warranted.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Biological Basis for Nonunions
Authors: Brinker Mark R. , O’Connor Daniel P. 
Published: June 2016

➢ Fracture nonunion is a failure of the biological processes of fracture-healing.➢ Critical cellular events in fracture-healing include the inflammatory response, differentiation and proliferation of progenitor cells, formation of fibrocartilage callus, angiogenesis and subsequent mineralization of the callus, vascular union (restoration of normal medullary circulation), and conversion of woven bone to lamellar bone.➢ All critical events are closely regulated and coordinated by numerous cytokines and growth factors, which are expressed in complex spatial and temporal patterns throughout the repair process.➢ At all phases of fracture-healing, poor cellular and metabolic capacity (e.g., chronic disease), excessive instability, and poor vascularity inhibit cellular responses and healing.➢ Many biological treatments to prevent or treat nonunions are emerging in clinical use, including stem-cell and bone-marrow-aspirate preparations, various progenitor cells and growth factors (e.g., recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins), and gene therapy.
Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Upper Midwest Irrigated Sandy Soils
Authors: Rubin John C. , Struffert Anne M. , Fernández Fabián G. , Lamb John A. 
Published: June 2016

Corn (Zea mays L.) in irrigated coarse‐textured soils can be very productive with N applications, but excess N can increase groundwater contamination. Our objectives were to (i) determine the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) for continuous corn (CC) and corn after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CSb), (ii) evaluate corn yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of split urea‐N and single pre‐plant application of enhanced‐efficiency fertilizers, and (iii) determine the utility of canopy sensors and basal stalk nitrate‐N test to manage N. Rotations of CC in Dakota County, Minnesota, and CC, CSb, and soybean after corn (SbC) in Pope County, Minnesota, were established in 2011 to 2014 with 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, and 315 kg urea‐N ha−1 as split‐application (half at pre‐plant and half at V4), and pre‐plant applications of SuperU (Koch Fertilizer LLC, Wichita, KS) at 180 kg N ha−1, ESN(Agrium Advanced Technologies, Loveland, CO)/urea blend 90/90 kg Nha−1, and ESN at 180 and 225 kg N ha−1. The EONR for CC was 233 kg N ha−1. The fertilizer replacement value in CSb was 56 kg N ha−1 and the EONR was 49 kg N ha−1 less than in CC. Canopy sensors and basal stalk nitrate‐N generally under estimated N rate. A split‐urea application increased corn grain yield by 5.4% (0.63 Mg ha−1), partial factor productivity (PFP) by 6% and agronomic efficiency (AE) by 12% relative to mean single pre‐plant application of enhanced‐efficiency fertilizers. In irrigated sandy soils, applying high rates of N needed for economic optimum yield is best accomplished by splitting the application.Core Ideas

In irrigated sandy soils, applying high rates of N needed for economic optimum yield is best accomplished by splitting the application.
Canopy sensors and basal stalk nitrate‐N generally under estimated N rate needed to optimize grain yield.
Enhanced efficiency fertilizers applied at pre‐plant are not as effective as split applications of urea in irrigated sandy soils.