bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameter extraction of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on artificial rabbits’ optimization algorithm and conducting laboratory tests
Authors: Baz Faisal B. , El Sehiemy Ragab A. , Bayoumi Ahmed S. A. , Abaza Amlak 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) parameter extraction is an important issue in modeling and control of renewable energies. The PEMFC problem’s main objective is to estimate the optimal value of unknown parameters of the electrochemical model. The main objective function of the optimization problem is the sum of the square errors between the measured voltages and output voltages of the proposed electrochemical optimized model at various loading conditions. Natural rabbit survival strategies such as detour foraging and random hiding are influenced by Artificial rabbit optimization (ARO). Meanwhile, rabbit energy shrink is mimicked to control the smooth switching from detour foraging to random hiding. In this work, the ARO algorithm is proposed to find the parameters of PEMFC. The ARO performance is verified using experimental results obtained from conducting laboratory tests on the fuel cell test system (SCRIBNER 850e, LLC). The simulation results are assessed with four competitive algorithms: Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimizer, Salp Swarm Algorithm, and Sine Cosine Algorithm. The comparison aims to prove the superior performance of the proposed ARO compared with the other well-known competitive algorithms.
Edge treatment for spurious mode suppression in thin-film lithium niobate resonators
Authors: Aryal Arjun , Tiwari Sidhant , Branch Darren W. , Siddiqui Aleem , Busani Tito 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThin-film lithium niobate is an attractive material for RF acoustic devices because of its high electromechanical coupling. However, due to the large coupling and the high anisotropy, thin-film lithium niobate resonators are prone to accidental resonances called spurious modes. These modes compromise the frequency response of the resonators, limiting their use in filter and oscillator applications. In this work, we present a novel method of spurious mode suppression through a special edge treatment etch process. Two thin-film lithium niobate resonators were fabricated, one with smooth sidewalls and one with the edge treatment. It was found that the edge-treated resonators show a weaker spurious mode response. This is potentially a new way to mitigate spurious resonances, a major issue in lithium niobate Lamb wave devices.
Rate of revision and wear penetration in different polyethylene liner compositions in total hip arthroplasty: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Betsch Marcel , Maffulli Nicola , Schäfer Luise , Hildebrand Frank , Kubach Joshua , Pasurka Mario 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present Bayesian network meta-analysis compared different types of polyethylene liners in total hip arthroplasty (THA) in terms of wear penetration (mm/year) and rate of revision. The type of liners compared were the crosslinked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (CPE/UHMWPE), Vitamin E infused highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE-VEPE), modified cross-linked polyethylene (MXLPE), highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE), Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). This study was conducted according to the PRISMA extension statement for reporting systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of healthcare interventions. In June 2024, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases were accessed. A time constraint was set from January 2000. All investigations which compared two or more types of polyethylene liners for THA were accessed. Only studies that clearly stated the nature of the liner were included. Data from 60 studies (37,352 THAs) were collected. 56% of patients were women. The mean age of patients was 60.0 ± 6.6 years, the mean BMI was 27.5 ± 2.0 kg/m2. The mean length of follow-up was 81.6 ± 44.4 months. Comparability was found at baseline between groups. XLPE and HXLPE liners in THA are associated with the lowest wear penetration (mm/year) and the lowest revision rate at approximately 7 years of follow-up.
Urban growth simulation and scenario projection for the arid regions using heuristic cellular automata
Authors: Tang Xiaoyan , Liu Funan , Hu Xinling 
Published: September 2024

AbstractArid regions tend to form compact urban patterns that have significant implications on urban growth and future urban patterns. Spatial simulation and projection using cellular automata (CA)-based models are important for achieving sustainable urban development in arid regions. In response to this need, we developed a new CA model (GSA-CA) using the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) to capture and project urban growth patterns in arid regions. We calibrated the GSA-CA model for the arid city of Urumqi in Northwest China from 2000 to 2010, and validated the model from 2010 to 2020, and then applied to project urban growth in 2040. The results indicated that the optimal performance of the model was achieved when the fraction of the population was 0.5. GSA-CA achieved an overall accuracy of 98.42% and a figure of merit (FOM) of 43.03% for the year 2010, and an overall accuracy of 98.52% with FOM of 37.64% for 2020. The results of the study help to adjust urban planning and development policies. The developed model has the potential to be employed in simulating urban growth and future scenarios in arid regions globally, including Northwest China and Africa.
Selectivity analysis of diaminopyrimidine-based inhibitors of MTHFD1, MTHFD2 and MTHFD2L
Authors: Jha Vibhu , Eriksson Leif A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe mitochondrial enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD2) is involved in purine and thymidine synthesis via 1C metabolism. MTHFD2 is exclusively overexpressed in cancer cells but absent in most healthy adult human tissues. However, the two close homologs of MTHFD2 known as MTHFD1 and MTHFD2L are expressed in healthy adult human tissues and share a great structural resemblance to MTHFD2 with 54% and 89% sequence similarity, respectively. It is therefore notably challenging to find selective inhibitors of MTHFD2 due to the structural similarity, in particular protein binding site similarity with MTHFD1 and MTHFD2L. Tricyclic coumarin-based compounds (substrate site binders) and xanthine derivatives (allosteric site binders) are the only selective inhibitors of MTHFD2 reported till date. Nanomolar potent diaminopyrimidine-based inhibitors of MTHFD2 have been reported recently, however, they also demonstrate significant inhibitory activities against MTHFD1 and MTHFD2L. In this study, we have employed extensive computational modeling involving molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations in order to investigate the binding modes and key interactions of diaminopyrimidine-based inhibitors at the substrate binding sites of MTHFD1, MTHFD2 and MTHFD2L, and compare with the tricyclic coumarin-based selective MTHFD2 inhibitor. The outcomes of our study provide significant insights into desirable and undesirable structural elements for rational structure-based design of new and selective inhibitors of MTHFD2 against cancer.
Nutritional value, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant potential of Iranian fenugreeks for food applications
Authors: Bakhtiar Ziba , Hassandokht Mohammadreza , Naghavi Mohammad Reza , Mirjalili Mohammad Hossein 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFenugreeks (Trigonella L. spp.), are well-known herbs belonging to the family Fabaceae, whose fresh and dried leaves have nutritional and medicinal value. In the present study, the content of phytochemical traits (essential oil, diosgenin, trigonelline, total phenol, total flavonoid, total saponins, and total tannins), bitterness value, pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid, β-carotene, and anthocyanin), vitamins (group B vitamins and ascorbic acid), minerals, and antioxidant activity of thirty cultivated populations belonging to ten Trigonella species were evaluated. The species and populations were significantly different in all studied parameters. A significant positive and negative correlation (p < 0.05) was also observed between the studied parameters. In total, T. teheranica, T. elliptica, and T. foenum-graecum were distinguished as superior species. The results showed that fenugreeks leaves can be considered as a valuable source of food and phytochemical compounds. The obtained data can be help to expand the inventory of wild and cultivated Trigonella species for further exploitation of rich chemotypes in the new foods and specific applications.
Using weight loss to predict outcome and define a humane endpoint in preclinical sepsis studies
Authors: Brochut Maëlick , Heinonen Tytti , Snäkä Tiia , Gilbert Charly , Le Roy Didier , Roger Thierry 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPreclinical mouse models are critical for understanding the pathophysiological response to infections and developing treatment strategies for sepsis. In keeping with ethical values, researchers follow guidelines to minimize the suffering of the mice. Weight loss is a criteria used as a humane end point, but there is no official recommendation for a maximum weight loss leading to euthanasia. To evaluate whether the thresholds used in daily practice are optimal, we performed a comprehensive retrospective analysis of data generated over 10 years with > 2300 mice used in models of infection with Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans and H1N1 influenza virus. Weight loss segregated mice that survived from those that did not. Statistical analyses revealed that lowering the weight loss thresholds used (none, 30% or 20%) would have increased mortality rates due to the sacrifice of mice that survived infections (p < 0.01–0.001). Power calculations showed high variability and reduction of power as weight loss thresholds approached 20% for S. pneumoniae and L. monocytogenes models. Hence, weight loss thresholds need to be adapted to each model of infection used in a laboratory. Overall, weight loss is a valuable predictor of mortality that contributes to the robustness of composite scores. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive study exploring the relationship between weight loss threshold and sepsis outcome. It underscores the importance of the infection-model-specific evaluation of weight loss for use in clinical scores defining humane endpoints to minimize mouse suffering without compromising statistical power and scientific objectives.
Understanding activity and physiology at scale: The Apple Heart & Movement Study
Authors: Truslow James , Spillane Angela , Lin Huiming , Cyr Katherine , Ullal Adeeti , Arnold Edith , Huang Ron , Rhodes Laura , Block Jennifer , Stark Jamie , Kretlow James , Beatty Alexis L. , Werdich Andreas , Bankar Deepali , Bianchi Matt , Shapiro Ian , Villalpando Jaime , Ravindran Sharon , Mance Irida , Phillips Adam , Earl John , Deo Rahul C. , Desai Sumbul A. , MacRae Calum A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhysical activity or structured exercise is beneficial in a wide range of circumstances. Nevertheless, individual-level data on differential responses to various types of activity are not yet sufficient in scale, duration or level of annotation to understand the mechanisms of discrete outcomes nor to support personalized recommendations. The Apple Heart & Movement Study was designed to passively collect the dense physiologic data accessible on Apple Watch and iPhone from a large real-world cohort distributed across the US in order to address these knowledge gaps.
Design of a monolithic silicon-on-insulator resonator spiking neuron
Authors: Tamura Marcus , Morison Hugh , Tait Alexander N. , Shastri Bhavin J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIncreasingly, artificial intelligent systems look to neuromorphic photonics for its speed and its low loss, high bandwidth interconnects. Silicon photonics has shown promise to enable the creation of large scale neural networks. Here, we propose a monolithic silicon opto-electronic resonator spiking neuron. Existing designs of photonic spiking neurons have difficulty scaling due to their dependence on certain nonlinear effects, materials, and devices. The design discussed here uses optical feedback from the transmission of a continuously pumped microring PN modulator to achieve excitable dynamics. It is cascadable, capable of operating at GHz speeds, and compatible with wavelength-division multiplexing schemes for linear weighting. It is a Class 2 excitable device via a subcritical Hopf bifurcation constructed from devices commonly found in many silicon photonic chip foundries.
High-resolution observations of recurrent jets from an arch filament system
Authors: Joshi Reetika , Rouppe van der Voort Luc , Schmieder Brigitte , Moreno-Insertis Fernando , Prasad Avijeet , Aulanier Guillaume , Nóbrega-Siverio Daniel 
Published: September 2024

Context. Solar jets are collimated plasma ejections along magnetic field lines observed in hot (extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) jets) and cool (chromospheric surges) temperature diagnostics. Their trigger mechanisms and the relationship between hot and cool jets are still not completely understood.
Aims. We aim to investigate the generation of a sequence of active-region solar jets and their evolution from the photospheric to the coronal heights using multithermal observations from ground-based and space-borne instruments.
Methods. Using the synergy of high-spatial-resolution and high-temporal-resolution observations by the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST), along with the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), we analyzed a sequence of solar jets originating in a mixed-polarity region between the leading and following sunspots of an active region. We investigated the kinematics of these jets using the spectra from the SST observations. We used a non-force-free field (NFFF) extrapolation technique to derive the magnetic field topology of the active region.
Results. A mixed-polarity region is formed over a long period (24 hours) with persistent magnetic flux emergence. This region has been observed as an arch filament system (AFS) in chromospheric SST observations. In this region, negative polarities surrounded by positive polarities create a fan surface with a null point at a height of 6 Mm detected in the NFFF extrapolation. SST observations in the Hβ spectral line reveal a large flux rope over the AFS moving from north to south, causing successive EUV and cool jets to move in the east–west direction and later towards the south along the long open loops.
Conclusions. The high-resolution SST observations (0″.038 per pixel) resolve the dark area observed at the jet base and reveal the existence of an AFS with an extended cool jet, which may be the result of a peeling-like mechanism of the AFS. Based on the combined analysis of SST and AIA observations along with extrapolated magnetic topology, it is suggested that the magnetic reconnection site may move southward by approximately 20 Mm until it reaches a region where the open magnetic field lines are oriented north–south.
Cepheid Metallicity in the Leavitt Law (C-MetaLL) survey
Authors: Trentin E. , Catanzaro G. , Ripepi V. , Alonso-Santiago J. , Molinaro R. , Storm J. , De Somma G. , Marconi M. , Bhardwaj A. , Gatto M. , Musella I. , Testa V. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Classical Cepheids (DCEPs) are crucial for calibrating the extragalactic distance ladder, ultimately enabling the determination of the Hubble constant through the period-luminosity (PL) and period-Wesenheit (PW) relations that they exhibit. Hence, it is vital to understand how the PL and PW relations depend on metallicity. This is the purpose of the C-MetaLL survey, within which this work is situated. The DCEPs are also very important tracers of the young populations placed along the Galactic disc.
Aims. We aim to enlarge the sample of DCEPs with accurate abundances from high-resolution spectroscopy. In particular, our goal is to extend the range of measured metallicities towards the metal-poor regime to better cover the parameter space. To this end, we observed objects in a wide range of Galactocentric radii, allowing us to study in detail the abundance gradients present in the Galactic disc.
Methods. We present the results of the analysis of 331 spectra obtained for 180 individual DCEPs with a variety of high-resolution spectrographs. For each target, we derived accurate atmospheric parameters, radial velocities, and abundances for up to 29 different species. The iron abundances range between 0.5 and −1 dex with a rather homogeneous distribution in metallicity.
Results. The sample presented in this paper was complemented with that already published in the context of the C-MetaLL survey, resulting in a total of 292 pulsators whose spectra have been analysed in a homogeneous way. These data were used to study the abundance gradients of the Galactic disc in a range of Galactocentric radii (RGC) spanning the range of 5–20 kpc.
Conclusions. For most of the elements, we have found a clear negative gradient, with a slope of −0.064 ± 0.003 dex kpc−1 for [Fe/H] case. Through a qualitative fit with the Galactic spiral arms, we show how our farthest targets (RGC > 10 kpc) trace both the Outer and Outer Scutum-Centaurus arms. The homogeneity of the sample will be of pivotal importance for the study of the metallicity dependence of the DCEP PL relations.
3D hybrid fluid-particle jet simulations and the importance of synchrotron radiative losses
Authors: Kramer Joana A. , MacDonald Nicholas R. , Paraschos Georgios F. , Ricci Luca 
Published: September 2024

Context. Relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei are known for their exceptional energy output, and imaging the synthetic synchrotron emission of numerical jet simulations is essential for a comparison with observed jet polarization emission.
Aims. Through the use of 3D hybrid fluid-particle jet simulations (with the PLUTO code), we overcome some of the commonly made assumptions in relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulations by using non-thermal particle attributes to account for the resulting synchrotron radiation. Polarized radiative transfer and ray-tracing (via the RADMC-3D code) highlight the differences in total intensity maps when (i) the jet is simulated purely with the RMHD approach, (ii) a jet tracer is considered in the RMHD approach, and (iii) a hybrid fluid-particle approach is used. The resulting emission maps were compared to the example of the radio galaxy Centaurus A.
Methods. We applied the Lagrangian particle module implemented in the latest version of the PLUTO code. This new module contains a state-of-the-art algorithm for modeling diffusive shock acceleration and for accounting for radiative losses in RMHD jet simulations. The module implements the physical postulates missing in RMHD jet simulations by accounting for a cooled ambient medium and strengthening the central jet emission.
Results. We find a distinction between the innermost structure of the jet and the back-flowing material by mimicking the radio emission of the Seyfert II radio galaxy Centaurus A when considering an edge-brightened jet with an underlying purely toroidal magnetic field. We demonstrate the necessity of synchrotron cooling as well as the improvements gained when directly accounting for non-thermal synchrotron radiation via non-thermal particles.
A search for mode coupling in magnetic bright points
Authors: Berberyan A. , Keys P. H. , Jess D. B. , Christian D. J. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Magnetic bright points (MBPs) are one of the smallest manifestations of the magnetic field in the solar atmosphere and are observed to extend from the photosphere up to the chromosphere. As such, they represent an excellent feature to use in searches for types of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves and mode coupling in the solar atmosphere.
Aims. In this work, we aim to study wave propagation in the lower solar atmosphere by comparing intensity oscillations in the photosphere with the chromosphere via a search for possible mode coupling, in order to establish the importance of these types of waves in the solar atmosphere, and their contribution to heating the chromosphere.
Methods. These observations were conducted in July 2011 with the Rapid Oscillations of the Solar Atmosphere (ROSA) and the Hydrogen-Alpha Rapid Dynamics Camera (HARDCam) instruments at the Dunn Solar Telescope. Observations with good seeing were made in the G-band and Hα wave bands. Speckle reconstruction and several post facto techniques were applied to return science-ready images. The spatial sampling of the images was 0.069″/pixel (50 km/pixel). We used wavelet analysis to identify traveling MHD waves and derive frequencies in the different bandpasses. We isolated a large sample of MBPs using an automated tracking algorithm throughout our observations. Two dozen of the brightest MBPs were selected from the sample for further study.
Results. We find oscillations in the G-band MBPs, with frequencies between 1.5 and 3.6 mHz. Corresponding MBPs in the lower solar chromosphere observed in Hα show a frequency range of 1.4–4.3 mHz. In about 38% of the MBPs, the ratio of Hα to G-band frequencies was near two. Thus, these oscillations show a form of mode coupling where the transverse waves in the photosphere are converted into longitudinal waves in the chromosphere. The phases of the Hα and G-band light curves show strong positive and negative correlations only 21% and 12% of the time, respectively.
Conclusions. From simple estimates we find an energy flux of ≈45 × 103 W m−2 and show that the energy flowing through MBPs is enough to heat the chromosphere, although higher-resolution data are needed to explore this contribution further. Regardless, mode coupling is important in helping us understand the types of MHD waves in the lower solar atmosphere and the overall energy budget.
Proximale Femurfrakturen
Authors: Faust Leon-Marcel , Keppler Alexander Martin , Schöneberg Carsten , Liener Ulrich Christoph , Böcker Wolfgang , Neuerburg Carl 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungProximale Femurfrakturen gehören zu den häufigsten Osteoporose-assoziierten
Fragilitätsfrakturen des älteren Menschen und zeigen durch den demographischen
Wandel steigende Inzidenzen. Die Behandlung von Patienten mit proximalen
Femurfrakturen ist komplex. Das orthogeriatrische Co-Management bezeichnet dabei
die inter- und multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit aller involvierten
Fachrichtungen und Berufsgruppen. Im Fokus liegt die Wiederherstellung der
bestmöglichen Mobilität und Funktionalität als primäres Behandlungsziel.
Chirurgisch existieren verschiedene moderne Osteosyntheseverfahren, welche
insbesondere bei Patienten mit pertrochantären Femurfrakturen eingesetzt werden
können. Aufseiten der Schenkelhalsfrakturen ist in aller Regel ein
endoprothetischer Gelenkersatz nötig. In beiden Fällen soll nach der Operation
eine unmittelbare Mobilisation unter Vollbelastung der operierten Extremität
beginnen. Essenziell ist zudem die geriatrische Mitbehandlung der Patienten.
Diese soll durch Fachärzte mit geriatrischer Kompetenz gewährleistet werden.
Wesentliche Vorgaben der akutstationären Versorgung von Patienten mit proximalen
Femurfrakturen werden durch eine Richtlinie des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss
(G-BA) geregelt, welche zum 01.01.2021 in Kraft getreten ist. Der vorliegende
Artikel soll einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Aspekte zur Klinik, Diagnostik
und Therapie der proximalen Femurfrakturen geben.