bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of sensory neuropathy after initiation of antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Centner Chad M. , Little Francesca , Van Der Watt Johan J. , Vermaak John‐Randel , Dave Joel A. , Levitt Naomi S. , Heckmann Jeannine M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe studied the evolution of sensory neuropathy after antiretroviral therapy (ART) in human immunodeficiency virus–infected South Africans.MethodsEnrolment commenced before ART with 6‐monthly follow‐ups for 24 months. Symptomatic distal sensory polyneuropathy (SDSP) was defined as one symptom and sign. Symptom/sign scores were compared between visits.ResultsWe enrolled 184 participants. Pre‐ART, 16% had SDSP. After 18 months of ART, pain prevalence decreased in those with pre‐ART SDSP (odds ratio [OR], 0.09; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 0.03‐0.29). Symptoms improved in 50% ever experiencing pain (mean improvement = 4.5 on 11‐point scale). Participants SDSP‐free pre‐ART developed SDSP at a rate of 18 per 100 person‐years. After 24 months (n = 102), 18% had SDSP. Stavudine (60% of cohort) did not predict incident SDSP, but associated with increased prevalence of reduced/absent reflexes at 18 months (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.08‐4.65).DiscussionPainful symptoms improved during ART. Evolving sensory neuropathy was due to increasing small and large fiber dysfunction. Muscle Nerve 57: 371–379, 2018
Real‐life patterns of use, safety and effectiveness of sunitinib in first‐line therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the SANTORIN cohort study
Authors: Noize Pernelle , Grelaud Angela , Bay Jacques‐Olivier , Chevreau Christine , Gross‐Goupil Marine , Culine Stéphane , Ferrière Jean‐Marie , Moulin Flore , Robinson Philip , Balestra Aurelie , Lamarque Stéphanie , Bernard Marie‐Agnès , Lassalle Régis , Rouyer Magali , Droz‐Perroteau Cécile , Moore Nicholas , Fourrier‐Réglat Annie , Ravaud Alain 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeTo investigate sunitinib in the real‐life first‐line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).MethodsSANTORIN is a French observational multicentre cohort. Patients initiating sunitinib in first‐line mRCC therapy were included (January 2008 to April 2010) and followed for 24 months. Data were collected from medical files. The outcomes were 24‐month overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS), response and safety.ResultsThree hundred two patients were included: median age, 64.8 years; male, 73.2%; clear cell mRCC, 83.1%; prior nephrectomy, 85.4%; >1 metastatic sites, 64.2%; brain metastases, 6.3%; ECOG‐PS ≥ 2, 9.9%. Median duration of first‐line therapy with sunitinib was 10.7 months. Initial sunitinib dose was 50 mg/day for 83.4% of patients; dose reduction occurred in 65.2%. Sunitinib was discontinued in 73.2% of the patients: for progression (61.1%), death (31.2%) or adverse events (6.8%). More than half (58.3%) had grade ≥3 adverse events, mainly hypertension (12.6%) and hand–foot syndrome (12.3%). The 24‐month OS and PFS rates [95%CI] were 49.5% [43.7;55.0] and 16.4% [12.5;20.9], respectively. Median OS was 23.6 months [20.2;–] and median PFS 8.4 months [7.6;9.9]. Overall best response rate was 31.1%.ConclusionsResults from this large observational study suggest that effectiveness of sunitinib in first‐line mRCC as predicted by clinical trials is maintained in real‐life clinical practice. The expected benefit in poor‐prognosis patients that were not evaluated in the pivotal clinical trial remains; however, questionable and long‐term safety monitoring is still warranted. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Importance of Monitoring Unbound Valproic Acid Concentration in Patients with Hypoalbuminemia
Authors: Doré Maxime , San Juan Adriana E. , Frenette Anne Julie , Williamson David 
Published: June 2017

Study ObjectiveBecause the pharmacokinetic evaluation of valproic acid (VPA) based on total drug concentration may be misleading in patients with hypoalbuminemia as a result of saturable protein binding and saturable metabolism, we sought to investigate the usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring of unbound VPA concentration in a real‐world clinical context, with a focus on clinically significant neurologic adverse outcomes.DesignRetrospective analysis.SettingLarge academic tertiary care hospital in Montreal, Canada.PatientsForty‐one adults, hospitalized or followed as outpatients, for whom unbound VPA concentration testing was performed between January 1, 2008, and April 30, 2015. Patients were retrospectively identified by using the hospital's central laboratory database.Measurements and Main ResultsIn the multiple linear regression analysis, the two variables that significantly predicted unbound VPA concentration were total VPA concentration (p<0.001) and albumin concentration (p<0.001). The correlation between total VPA concentration and the number of neurologic adverse symptoms was 0.187 (p=0.241), whereas the correlation between unbound VPA concentration and the number of neurologic adverse symptoms was 0.384 (p=0.013). The performance of total and unbound VPA concentrations in predicting the presence of at least one neurologic adverse symptom, as determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve, was 0.642 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.449–0.836, p=0.167) and 0.776 (95% CI 0.629–0.923, p=0.007), respectively.ConclusionThis study showed that in the presence of hypoalbuminemia, high unbound VPA concentrations can be observed despite normal or low total VPA concentrations. It also demonstrated that high unbound VPA concentrations are associated with clinically significant neurologic adverse symptoms. Clinicians should be aware that unbound VPA concentration monitoring may be required in the presence of hypoalbuminemia.
Is salivary IgA level a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV‐positive children? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Javed Fawad , Akram Zohaib , Binshabaib Munerah Saleh , ALHarthi Shatha Subhi , Kellesarian Sergio Varela , Vohra Fahim 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe aim of this systematic review was to determine whether or not assessment of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels could be a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV‐positive children. The Patient, Exposure, Comparative, Outcome question was “Is sIgA level a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV‐positive children?” Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted in indexed databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and SCOPUS databases) up to and including June 2017. The primary outcome was total mean salivary levels of IgA among HIV seropositive and seronegative children (controls). The weighted mean differences (WMD) of outcomes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for total mean salivary IgA levels were calculated using a random effect model. Six studies were included. Three studies showed significantly lower salivary IgA levels in HIV‐infected children compared with controls. Two studies showed comparable IgA levels in HIV infected and controls. One study showed significantly higher levels of salivary IgA in HIV‐infected children as compared to controls. Considering the total mean salivary IgA levels among HIV seropositive and seronegative children, a high degree of heterogeneity (Q value = 254.09, P < .0001, I2 = 98.82%) was noticed among both groups. The overall WMD was not significant (WMD = −1.18, 95% CI, −1.91 to −0.44, P = .39). Whether salivary IgA level is a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV‐positive children remains debatable because of limited information available in the current literature. Further, high‐quality case‐control studies with larger sample size and more solid methodological aspects are required.
‐based optimal sparse sliding mode control for networked control systems
Authors: Argha Ahmadreza , Li Li , Su Steven W. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThis paper is devoted to the problem of designing a sparsely distributed sliding mode control for networked systems. Indeed, this note uses a distributed sliding mode control framework by exploiting (some of) other subsystems' information to improve the performance of each local controller so that it can widen the applicability region of the given scheme. To do so, different from the traditional schemes in the literature, a novel approach is proposed to design the sliding surface, in which the level of required control effort is taken into account during the sliding surface design based on the
control. We then use this novel scheme to provide an innovative less‐complex procedure that explores sparse control networks to satisfy the underlying control objective. Besides, the proposed scheme to design the sliding surface makes it possible to avoid unbounded growth of control effort during the sparsification of the control network structure. Illustrative examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Non‐ignorable missingness in logistic regression
Authors: Wang Joanna J. J. , Bartlett Mark , Ryan Louise 
Published: June 2017

Nonresponses and missing data are common in observational studies. Ignoring or inadequately handling missing data may lead to biased parameter estimation, incorrect standard errors and, as a consequence, incorrect statistical inference and conclusions. We present a strategy for modelling non‐ignorable missingness where the probability of nonresponse depends on the outcome. Using a simple case of logistic regression, we quantify the bias in regression estimates and show the observed likelihood is non‐identifiable under non‐ignorable missing data mechanism. We then adopt a selection model factorisation of the joint distribution as the basis for a sensitivity analysis to study changes in estimated parameters and the robustness of study conclusions against different assumptions. A Bayesian framework for model estimation is used as it provides a flexible approach for incorporating different missing data assumptions and conducting sensitivity analysis.Using simulated data, we explore the performance of the Bayesian selection model in correcting for bias in a logistic regression. We then implement our strategy using survey data from the 45 and Up Study to investigate factors associated with worsening health from the baseline to follow‐up survey. Our findings have practical implications for the use of the 45 and Up Study data to answer important research questions relating to health and quality‐of‐life. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local knowledge in climate adaptation research: moving knowledge frameworks from extraction to co‐production
Authors: Klenk Nicole , Fiume Anna , Meehan Katie , Gibbes Cerian 
Published: May 2017

This review consists of a systematic assessment of climate change adaptation literature to elicit major trends, discourses, and patterns in how local knowledge is conceived. We report on conceptual and geographic trends within the literature, including the practice of assessing local knowledge against scientific benchmarks, and present results of a textual network analysis that illustrates overlap and co‐occurrence among different characterizations of local knowledge. In critically assessing the dominant trends we draw special attention to problems associated with the extraction of local knowledge without due consideration of how this process is embedded and inextricable from local contexts and sociotechnical orders. Drawing on theories of science and technology that examine the ontological politics of research practices, we propose a co‐productive path forward for local knowledge mobilization to inform adaptation decision‐making, which we argue facilitates the transformation of the institutional and governance arrangement of climate adaptation to provide greater flexibility and experimentalism in research and decision‐making. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e475. doi: 10.1002/wcc.475This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Recent advances in the prediction of non‐CYP450‐mediated drug metabolism
Authors: Dixit Vaibhav A. , Lal L. Arun , Agrawal Simran R. 
Published: June 2017

Computational models of drug metabolism prediction have focused mainly on cytochrome P450 enzymes, because drug–drug interactions, reactive metabolite formation, hepatotoxicity, idiosyncratic adverse drug interactions, and/or loss of efficacy of many drugs were the results of interactions with CYP450s. Metabolic regioselectivity and isoform specificity prediction models for CYP450‐catalyzed reactions have reached approximately 95% accuracy. Thus, a new drug candidate is less likely to show unexpected metabolic profile due to metabolism via CYP450 pathways. For such candidates, secondary metabolic Phase I and II enzymes are likely to play an expected (or unexpected) role in drug metabolism. The importance of flavin monooxygenases (FMOs), aldehyde and alcohol dehydrogenase, monoamine oxidase from the Phase I and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), sulfotransferase, glutathione S‐transferase, and methyltransferase from Phase II has increased and United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines on NDA have specific recommendations for in vitro and in vivo testing against these enzymes. Thus, there is an urgent requirement of reliable predictive models for drug metabolism catalyzed by these enzymes. In this review, we have classified drug metabolism prediction models (site of metabolism, isoform specificity, and kinetic parameter) for these enzymes into Phase I and II. When such models are unavailable, we discuss the Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR), pharmacophore, docking, dynamics, and reactivity studies performed for the prediction of substrates and inhibitors. Recently published models for FMO and UGT are discussed. The need for comprehensive, widely applicable, sequential primary and secondary metabolite prediction is highlighted. Potential difficulties and future prospectives in the development of such models are discussed. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2017, 7:e1323. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1323This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics
Software > Molecular Modeling
Properties, environmental fate and biodegradation of carbazole
Authors: Salam Lateef B. , Ilori Mathew O. , Amund Olukayode O. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The last two decades had witnessed extensive investigation on bacterial degradation of carbazole, an N-heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Specifically, previous studies have reported the primary importance of angular dioxygenation, a novel type of oxygenation reaction, which facilitates mineralization of carbazole to intermediates of the TCA cycle. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria are the predominant bacterial phyla implicated in this novel mode of dioxygenation, while anthranilic acid and catechol are the signature metabolites. Several studies have elucidated the degradative genes involved, the diversity of the car gene clusters and the unique organization of the car gene clusters in marine carbazole degraders. However, there is paucity of information regarding the environmental fate as well as industrial and medical importance of carbazole and its derivatives. In this review, attempt is made to harness this information to present a comprehensive outlook that not only focuses on carbazole biodegradation pathways, but also on its environmental fate as well as medical and industrial importance of carbazole and its derivatives.
Enzyme-mediated biodegradation of long-chain n-alkanes (C32 and C40) by thermophilic bacteria
Authors: Elumalai Punniyakotti , Parthipan Punniyakotti , Karthikeyan Obulisamy Parthiba , Rajasekar Aruliah 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Removal of long-chain hydrocarbons and n-alkanes from oil-contaminated environments are mere important to reduce the ecological damages, while bio-augmentation is a very promising technology that requires highly efficient microbes. In present study, the efficiency of pure isolates, i.e., Geobacillus thermoparaffinivorans IR2, Geobacillus stearothermophillus IR4 and Bacillus licheniformis MN6 and mixed consortium on degradation of long-chain n-alkanes C32 and C40 was investigated by batch cultivation test. Biodegradation efficiencies were found high for C32 by mixed consortium (90%) than pure strains, while the pure strains were better in degradation of C40 than mixed consortium (87%). In contrast, the maximum alkane hydroxylase activities (161 µmol mg−1 protein) were recorded in mixed consortium system that had supplied with C40 as sole carbon source. Also, the alcohol dehydrogenase (71 µmol mg−1 protein) and lipase activity (57 µmol mg−1 protein) were found high. Along with the enzyme activities, the hydrophobicity natures of the bacterial strains were found to determine the degradation efficiency of the hydrocarbons. Thus, the study suggested that the hydrophobicity of the bacteria is a critical parameter to understand the biodegradation of n-alkanes.
In vitro regeneration of Drosera burmannii Vahl.: a carnivorous plant of north-east India
Authors: Yanthan J. Sureni , Kehie Mechuselie , Kumaria Suman , Tandon Pramod 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol has been developed from shoot tips of Drosera burmannii Vahl., a carnivorous plant of north-east India. Various plant growth regulators were used to study their efficacy in the induction of multiple shoots and roots. Of the various treatments, the maximum number of shoots (28.8 ± 1.5) and roots (9.7 ± 0.6) was observed in one-fourth strength standard medium (MS with 50 mg/l citric acid and 10 mg/l ascorbic acid) supplemented with 4 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 4 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) followed by 26.8 ± 1.4 shoots in one-fourth strength SM fortified with 4 mg/l kinetin (KN) and 4 mg/l NAA. The well-developed plantlets with shoots and roots were potted in small plastic glasses filled with a mixture of sand and farmyard manure (3:1); these plantlets when transferred to a glasshouse for hardening and acclimatization showed 90% survival.
Using a Near Infrared Device to Improve Successful Venous Access in Children with Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Barreras JoAnn , Chang Todd P. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background: Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) are predicted to be at particular risk for difficult peripheral venous access (PVA). Near infrared (NIR) technology is a noninvasive method that reveals vessels that are otherwise not visible to the eye. Our primary objective was to determine whether PVA success improved with NIR when compared with traditional visualization/palpation, specifically in CSHCN.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients requiring PVA insertions by the vascular access team at a 350-bed tertiary children's hospital from July 2013 until June 2014 were included. Independent variables included age, gender, ethnicity, CSHCN status and modality used (NIR, ultrasound guidance, transillumination, or none). The primary outcome was subjective difficulty, PVA success, and number of attempts required. The effect of NIR and CSHCN was analyzed using χ2 test.
Results: Data were gathered on 7896 PVA placements in children. Out of these, 6071 children were deemed to have special health care needs. CSHCN had subjectively difficult access 88% of the time compared with non-CSHCN at 74.7% (P &lt; 0.0001). CSHCN status lowered intravenous access success rates from 91.4% to 87.5% (P &lt; 0.0001). The use of NIR significantly increased intravenous access success rates when compared with visualization or palpation (26% vs 19.6%; P &lt; 0.0001). Modality had a statistically significant effect on the number of attempts (P &lt; 0.0001), but only a slight clinical significance (NIR, up to 1–4 attempts and ultrasound or transillumination combined, 1–6 attempts).
Conclusions: NIR decreases the number of attempts and improve overall success rates in acquiring PVA in CSHCN. Further studies on maximizing PVA success in this patient population are warranted.
Resonant three-dimensional nonlinear sloshing in a square-base basin. Part 4. Oblique forcing and linear viscous damping
Authors: Faltinsen Odd M. , Timokha Alexander N. 
Published: June 2017

Faltinsenet al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 487, 2003, pp. 1–42) (henceforth, Part 1) examined an undamped nonlinear resonant steady-state sloshing in a square-base tank by developing an approximate (asymptotic) Narimanov–Moiseev-type multimodal theory. The focus was on longitudinal and diagonal harmonic tank excitations. Neglecting the linear viscous boundary-layer damping was justified for model tanks with breadths of the order of metres. However, nonlinear sloshing in clean tanks of smaller size (count in centimetres) may be affected by damping in finite depth conditions. Qualitative and quantitative properties of the damped resonant steady-state sloshing in a square-base tank are now studied by using the modal theory from Part 1 equipped with the linear damping terms. The tank harmonically oscillates along an arbitrary horizontal (oblique) direction. An analytical asymptotic steady-state undamped solution is derived and the corresponding response curves are analysed versus the forcing direction. When the tank width$=$breadth$=$ $L\sim 10$ cm, the surface tension effect on the free-surface dynamics can be neglected but the linear viscous damping should be included into the Narimanov–Moiseev nonlinear asymptotic modal theory. We analytically show that the steady-state damped sloshing possesses a series of distinguishing features so that, e.g. the square-like standing wave regime fully disappears and becomes replaced by swirling. Typical response curves of the damped steady-state resonant sloshing are studied for the liquid depth-to-width ratio exceeding 0.5. The computational results of the steady-state resonant response amplitudes are in a satisfactory agreement with observations and measurements by Ikedaet al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 700, 2012, pp. 304–328), which were conducted with a relatively small laboratory container.
Iconic enrichments: Signs vs. gestures
Authors: Schlenker Philippe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSemantic work on sign language iconicity suggests, as do Goldin-Meadow & Brentari (G-M&B) in their target article, that “sign should be compared with speech-plus-gesture, not speech alone” (sect. 7.1). One key question is whether speech-plus-gesture and sign-with-iconicity really display the same expressive resources. This need not be the case, because gestural enrichments are typically not at-issue, whereas iconic enrichments in sign language can often be at-issue. Future research should thus focus on the “projection” properties of different sorts of iconic enrichment in both modalities.
Das Emotionstraining in der Schule
Authors: Nitkowski Dennis , Laakmann Mirjam , Petersen Rieke , Petermann Ulrike , Petermann Franz 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung. In der Forschung wird zunehmend die Bedeutung emotionaler Kompetenzen in der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von depressiven Symptomen bei Jugendlichen herausgestellt, woraus Implikationen für Präventionsmaßnahmen resultieren. Das Emotionstraining in der Schule stellt ein schulbasiertes Präventionsprogramm für die Altersgruppe der 10- bis 13-Jährigen dar, das emotionale Kompetenzen fördert, um der Entwicklung einer depressiven oder Angstsymptomatik vorzubeugen. Ziel der Studie ist es, die Effektivität des Trainings in einem Wartekontrollgruppen-Design zu bestimmen. Eine Stichprobe von insgesamt 543 Schülerinnen und Schüler (Altersmittelwert = 11.46 Jahre; SD .69) nahmen an der Studie teil. Der Mangel an emotionalem Bewusstsein, die Abneigung gegen den Emotionsausdruck und das subjektive Wohlbefinden, welches als Gegenpol zur depressiven Symptomatik zu verstehen ist, wurden im Selbsturteil unmittelbar vor und nach dem Training erhoben. Gegenüber dem ersten Erhebungszeitpunkt zeigten sich nach Abschluss der Maßnahme keine Änderungen in den Merkmalsausprägungen. Im Rahmen einer Moderatorenanalyse konnten jedoch puffernde Effekte in der Trainingsgruppe belegt werden. In zukünftigen Studien muss der Wirkmechanismus hinter diesen Effekten weiter exploriert werden.