bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental Trajectories of Maladaptive Perfectionism in Middle Childhood
Authors: Hong Ryan Y. , Lee Stephanie S. M. , Chng Ren Ying , Zhou Yuqi , Tsai Fen‐Fang , Tan Seok Hui 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe developmental trajectories of maladaptive perfectionism, along with their consequences and origins, were examined in middle childhood. A sample of Singaporean children and their parents (N = 302) were recruited for a longitudinal study when the children were 7 years old. Subsequent follow‐up assessments were made at ages 8, 9, and 11. A multimethod approach was adopted where parent reports, child reports, and observational data on a dyadic interaction task were obtained. Using latent class growth modeling, four distinct classes were obtained for critical self‐oriented perfectionism (SOP‐C), whereas two classes emerged for socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP). Children with high and/or increasing SOP‐C and SPP trajectories constituted 60% and 78% of the sample, respectively. For both SOP‐C and SPP, trajectories with high initial status were associated with higher internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Parental intrusiveness and negative parenting predicted high and/or increasing SOP‐C trajectories, whereas the child temperament dimension of surgency predicted high SPP trajectory. Both SOP‐C and SPP trajectories tended to co‐occur, suggesting a mutually reinforcing process. This study yields important findings that help advance current understanding of the emergence and developmental pathways of maladaptive perfectionism in children.
JNK–TLR9 signal pathway mediates allergic airway inflammation through suppressing melatonin biosynthesis
Authors: Wu Hui‐Mei , Shen Qi‐Ying , Fang Lei , Zhang Shi‐Hai , Shen Pei‐Ting , Liu Ya‐Jing , Liu Rong‐Yu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs) play pivotal role in the pathogenesis of allergic airway diseases such as asthma. TLR9 is one of the most extensively studied TLRs as an approach to treat asthma. In this study, we investigated the role of TLR9 in the allergic airway inflammation and the underlying mechanism. Wild‐type (WT) mice and TLR9−/− mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA to establish allergic airway disease model. We found that the expression of TLR9 was elevated concomitantly with airway inflammation post‐OVA challenge, and TLR9 deficiency effectively inhibited airway inflammation, including serum OVA‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), pulmonary inflammatory cell recruitment, mucus secretion, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) inflammatory cytokine production. Meanwhile, the protein expression of hydroxyindole‐o‐methyltransferase (HIOMT) in lung tissues, the level of melatonin in serum, and BALF were reduced in OVA‐challenged WT mice, while these reductions were significantly restored by TLR9 deficiency. Additionally, we showed that although TLR9 deficiency had no effect on OVA‐induced phosphorylation of JNK, inhibition of JNK by specific inhibitor SP600125 significantly decreased OVA‐induced expression of TLR9, suggesting that JNK is the upstream signal molecular of TLR9. Furthermore, SP600125 treatment promoted resolution of allergic airway inflammation in OVA‐challenged WT mice, but not further ameliorated allergic airway inflammation in OVA‐challenged TLR9−/− mice. Similarly, SP600125 significantly restored the protein expression of HIOMT and the level of melatonin in OVA‐challenged WT mice, while such effect was not further enhanced by TLR9 deficiency. Collectively, our results indicated that JNK–TLR9 signal pathway mediates allergic airway inflammation through suppressing melatonin biosynthesis.
Influence of medium‐chain fatty acids and short‐chain organic acids on jejunal morphology and intra‐epithelial immune cells in weaned piglets
Authors: Ferrara F. , Tedin L. , Pieper R. , Meyer W. , Zentek J. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryMedium‐chain fatty acids (MCFA) and short‐chain organic acids (SOA) are often used as feed additives in piglet diets. There are limited studies in pigs describing the impact of MCFA or SOA on gut morphology and the local immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the supplementation of SOA (0.41% fumaric acid and 0.32% lactic acid), or the combination of SOA with MCFA (0.15% caprylic and capric acid) would have effects on gut morphology and intestinal immune cells in weaned piglets. A total number of 72 weaned piglets were randomly allocated into three experimental groups. Tissue samples of six animals per group were used to investigate the potential impact of the feed additives on villus length and crypt depth of the jejunum and to quantify intra‐epithelial lymphocytes (IEL). CD3‐positive IEL were determined via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry (FC), whereas CD2−, CD5−, CD8β−, CD16− and γδ TCR‐positive IEL were only analysed by FC. The supplementation of MCFA and SOA did not significantly affect morphometric data. The FC data indicated that SOA significantly increased the quantity of CD2−CD8− γδ T cells in the jejunum epithelium. Both IHC and FC analyses of pig jejunum confirmed that the majority of IEL expressed the surface marker CD3 and could be classified as cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In conclusion, the data indicated that SOA increased the proportion of CD2−CD8− γδ T cells in the jejunal epithelium. Thus, SOA might enable a beneficial effect on the local immunity by increasing the constitutive number of potential effector cells to defeat infectious diseases.
Microclimate buffering and fertility island formation during Juniperus communis ontogenesis modulate competition–facilitation balance
Authors: Allegrezza M. , Corti G. , Cocco S. , Pesaresi S. , Chirico G.B. , Saracino A. , Bonanomi G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimsFacilitation has been reported in a wide range of plant communities, with evidence of positive interactions between beneficiary and nurse plants shifting during their ontogenetic development. This study explored the hypothesis that shrubs of Juniperus communis subsp. nana (thereafter Juniperus) play a crucial role in the successional sequence of plant communities acting as nurse for different species, but only after reaching a certain size. In addition, we examined whether plant–plant interaction changes during ontogenesis of these shrubs in the presence of contrasting disturbance regimes in terms of substrate stability.LocationSibillini National Park, central Italy. The vegetation is semi‐natural dry grasslands (92/43/EEC Habitats Directive: Habitat 6210 ‐ Festuco‐Brometalia).MethodsField measurements were carried out to assess the effects of Juniperus on (1) the distribution of co‐existing vascular species, (2) the above‐ and below‐ground microclimate, and (3) changes in soil fertility and hydrology.ResultsThe capacity of Juniperus shrubs to facilitate heterospecific plants considerably increases during its ontogenetic development, i.e. small shrubs mainly compete for resources with local vegetation, whereas large shrubs act as nurse plants for herbaceous and especially for woody species. The facilitation effect was slight, albeit significantly higher in the disturbed area than in the more stable one. Juniperus was able to promote the formation of an island of fertility under its canopy by accumulating a considerable amount of organic matter, N, P, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ in a few decades. Juniperus shrubs improve soil hydrological properties and mitigate the daily range of soil temperature, reducing the exposure of co‐existing plants to high temperatures and water loss through soil evaporation, particularly during the growing periods in spring and summer.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that biogenic amelioration of soil quality, coupled with the mitigation of below‐canopy microclimatic conditions, control the establishment and growth of co‐existing plants during Juniperus shrub development.
Growth Performance, Biochemical Responses, and Skeletal Muscle Development of Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Fed with Increasing Levels of Arginine
Authors: Neu Dacley , Boscolo Wilson , Zaminhan Micheli , Almeida Fernanda , Sary Cesar , Furuya Wilson 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, is among the fish species with high potential for aquaculture in intensive farming, and Brazil is among the largest producers worldwide. Some of the amino acid requirements in practical diets for tilapia are still unknown. Thus, this study determined the dietary arginine requirements for Nile tilapia juveniles based on growth performance, hematological and biochemical responses, and muscle growth. Three hundred Nile tilapia juveniles (2.95 ± 0.79 g) were distributed into 20–500 L fiberglass aquaria and fed five extruded isoproteic (28% crude protein) and isoenergetic (3160 kcal/kg) diets formulated to contain 0.95, 1.10, 1.25, 1.40, and 1.55% arginine. Based on the quadratic regression analysis, the best results in weight gain, feed conversion, protein efficiency ratio, and protein retention were estimated in fish fed diets containing 1.36, 1.34, 1.36, and 1.37% arginine, respectively. The best amino acid body retention values were estimated in fish fed diets containing 1.31–1.37% arginine. Muscle growth occurred mainly by hyperplasia in fish fed 0.95% arginine, whereas reduction in the hyperplasia time and signs of hypertrophy occurred in fish fed 1.10–1.55% arginine diets. It was concluded that a diet with 1.36% of arginine (with 1.53% lysine in diet) meets the requirements of Nile tilapia juveniles.
BsdABsd2‐dependent vacuolar turnover of a misfolded version of the UapA transporter along the secretory pathway: prominent role of selective autophagy
Authors: Evangelinos Minoas , Martzoukou Olga , Chorozian Koar , Amillis Sotiris , Diallinas George 
Published: February 2016

SummaryTransmembrane proteins translocate cotranslationally in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and traffic as vesicular cargoes, via the Golgi, in their final membrane destination. Misfolding in the ER leads to protein degradation basically through the ERAD/proteasome system. Here, we use a mutant version of the purine transporter UapA (ΔR481) to show that specific misfolded versions of plasma membrane cargoes undergo vacuolar turnover prior to localization in the plasma membrane. We show that non‐endocytic vacuolar turnover of ΔR481 is dependent on BsdABsd2, an ER transmembrane adaptor of HulARsp5 ubiquitin ligase. We obtain in vivo evidence that BsdABsd2 interacts with HulARsp5 and ΔR481, primarily in the ER. Importantly, accumulation of ΔR481 in the ER triggers delivery of the selective autophagy marker Atg8 in vacuoles along with ΔR481. Genetic block of autophagy (atg9Δ, rabOts) reduces, but does not abolish, sorting of ΔR481 in the vacuoles, suggesting that a fraction of the misfolded transporter might be redirected for vacuolar degradation via the Golgi. Our results support that multiple routes along the secretory pathway operate for the detoxification of Aspergillus nidulans cells from misfolded membrane proteins and that BsdA is a key factor for marking specific misfolded cargoes.
Short‐term survival of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups: Investigating the effect of health status on survival
Authors: Pendleton Grey W. , Hastings Kelly K. , Rea Lorrie D. , Jemison Lauri A. , O'Corry‐Crowe Greg M. , Beckmen Kimberlee B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe estimated survival probabilities for Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups from 3 wk to 6 wk old and from 6 wk to 1 yr at three rookeries in southeastern Alaska. We also investigated the effect of mass, body condition, health variables, and the genetic origin on 3–6 wk survival. Survival differed substantially among rookeries and between sexes, with survival lowest at Hazy Islands, intermediate at White Sisters, and highest at Graves Rocks and survival lower for males than females. Body mass, body condition, and hematocrit were positively related to survival and blood %H2O and haptoglobin level (for females; no relationship for males) were negatively related to survival. Taking predictor variables collectively, sea lion pups at Hazy Islands, which had the lowest survival probability, had the lowest mass, hematocrit, and hemoglobin, and had high levels of blood %H2O, and hookworm infection. Values from Graves Rocks, which had the highest survival, were the opposite of those from Hazy Island (e.g., high mass, body condition, hematocrit, and hemoglobin), while those from White Sisters (intermediate survival) had varying means (e.g., high hematocrit and hemoglobin and low hookworms, but also low body condition); these patterns suggest that physiological factors potentially underlie rookery differences in survival.
Production of small cysteine‐rich effector proteins in Escherichia coli for structural and functional studies
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Nguyen Neal , Breen Susan , Outram Megan A. , Dodds Peter N. , Kobe Bostjan , Solomon Peter S. , Williams Simon J. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryAlthough the lifestyles and infection strategies of plant pathogens are diverse, a prevailing feature is the use of an arsenal of secreted proteins, known as effectors, which aid in microbial infection. In the case of eukaryotic filamentous pathogens, such as fungi and oomycetes, effector proteins are typically dissimilar, at the protein sequence level, to known protein families and functional domains. Consequently, we currently have a limited understanding of how fungal and oomycete effectors promote disease. Protein biochemistry and structural biology are two methods that can contribute greatly to the understanding of protein function. Both techniques are dependent on obtaining proteins that are pure and functional, and generally require the use of heterologous recombinant protein expression systems. Here, we present a general scheme and methodology for the production and characterization of small cysteine‐rich (SCR) effectors utilizing Escherichia coli expression systems. Using this approach, we successfully produced cysteine‐rich effectors derived from the biotrophic fungal pathogen Melampsora lini and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum. Access to functional recombinant proteins facilitated crystallization and functional experiments. These results are discussed in the context of a general workflow that may serve as a template for others interested in understanding the function of SCR effector(s) from their plant pathogen(s) of interest.
Heat stress of two tropical seagrass species during low tides – impact on underwater net photosynthesis, dark respiration and diel in situ internal aeration
Authors: Pedersen Ole , Colmer Timothy D. , Borum Jens , Zavala‐Perez Andrea , Kendrick Gary A. 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Seagrasses grow submerged in aerated seawater but often in low O2 sediments. Elevated temperatures and low O2 are stress factors.

Internal aeration was measured in two tropical seagrasses, Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides, growing with extreme tides and diel temperature amplitudes. Temperature effects on net photosynthesis (PN) and dark respiration (RD) of leaves were evaluated.

Daytime low tide was characterized by high pO2 (54 kPa), pH (8.8) and temperature (38°C) in shallow pools. As PN was maximum at 33°C (9.1 and 7.2 μmol O2 m−2 s−1 in T. hemprichii and E. acoroides, respectively), the high temperatures and reduced CO2 would have diminished PN, whereas RD increased (Q10 of 2.0–2.7) above that at 33°C (0.45 and 0.33 μmol O2 m−2 s−1, respectively). During night‐time low tides, O2 declined resulting in shoot base anoxia in both species, but incoming water containing c. 20 kPa O2 relieved the anoxia. Shoots exposed to 40°C for 4 h showed recovery of PN and RD, whereas 45°C resulted in leaf damage.

These seagrasses are ‘living near the edge’, tolerant of current diel O2 and temperature extremes, but if temperatures rise both species may be threatened in this habitat.
Plant pneumatics: stem air flow is related to embolism – new perspectives on methods in plant hydraulics
Authors: Pereira Luciano , Bittencourt Paulo R. L. , Oliveira Rafael S. , Junior Mauro B. M. , Barros Fernanda V. , Ribeiro Rafael V. , Mazzafera Paulo 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Wood contains a large amount of air, even in functional xylem. Air embolisms in the xylem affect water transport and can determine plant growth and survival. Embolisms are usually estimated with laborious hydraulic methods, which can be prone to several artefacts.

Here, we describe a new method for estimating embolisms that is based on air flow measurements of entire branches. To calculate the amount of air flowing out of the branch, a vacuum was applied to the cut bases of branches under different water potentials.

We first investigated the source of air by determining whether it came from inside or outside the branch. Second, we compared embolism curves according to air flow or hydraulic measurements in 15 vessel‐ and tracheid‐bearing species to test the hypothesis that the air flow is related to embolism.

Air flow came almost exclusively from air inside the branch during the 2.5‐min measurements and was strongly related to embolism. We propose a new embolism measurement method that is simple, effective, rapid and inexpensive, and that allows several measurements on the same branch, thus opening up new possibilities for studying plant hydraulics.
Management of Postherniorrhaphy Chronic Neuropathic Groin Pain: A Role for Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation
Authors: Liem Liong , Mekhail Nagy 
Published: February 2016

AbstractChronic neuropathic groin pain is a sequela of hernia surgery that occurs at unacceptably high rates, causing widespread impacts on quality of life. Although the medical community is beginning to recognize the role of surgical technique in the initiation and maintenance of postherniorrhaphy neuropathic pain, little information exists regarding pain management strategies for this condition. This review presents a summary of the pain condition state, its treatment options, and treatment recommendations. Both literature review and clinical experience were used to develop a proposed a treatment algorithm for the treatment of postherniorrhaphy pain.The development of chronic pain may be prevented via a number of perioperative measures. For pain that is already established, some surgical approaches including inguinal neurectomy can be effective, in addition to standard pharmacological treatments and local infiltrations. An unmet need may still exist with these options, however, leaving a role for neuromodulation for the treatment of intractable cases. A pain management algorithm for iterative interventions including stimulation of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is described. It is expected that cross‐disciplinary awareness of surgeons for nonsurgical pain management options in the treatment of chronic neuropathic postherniorrhaphy pain will contribute to better clinical outcomes.
Development and validation of the Axiom®Apple480K SNP genotyping array
Authors: Bianco Luca , Cestaro Alessandro , Linsmith Gareth , Muranty Hélène , Denancé Caroline , Théron Anthony , Poncet Charles , Micheletti Diego , Kerschbamer Emanuela , Di Pierro Erica A. , Larger Simone , Pindo Massimo , Van de Weg Eric , Davassi Alessandro , Laurens François , Velasco Riccardo , Durel Charles‐Eric , Troggio Michela 
Published: February 2016

SummaryCultivated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is one of the most important fruit crops in temperate regions, and has great economic and cultural value. The apple genome is highly heterozygous and has undergone a recent duplication which, combined with a rapid linkage disequilibrium decay, makes it difficult to perform genome‐wide association (GWA) studies. Single nucleotide polymorphism arrays offer highly multiplexed assays at a relatively low cost per data point and can be a valid tool for the identification of the markers associated with traits of interest. Here, we describe the development and validation of a 487K SNP Affymetrix Axiom® genotyping array for apple and discuss its potential applications. The array has been built from the high‐depth resequencing of 63 different cultivars covering most of the genetic diversity in cultivated apple. The SNPs were chosen by applying a focal points approach to enrich genic regions, but also to reach a uniform coverage of non‐genic regions. A total of 1324 apple accessions, including the 92 progenies of two mapping populations, have been genotyped with the Axiom®Apple480K to assess the effectiveness of the array. A large majority of SNPs (359 994 or 74%) fell in the stringent class of poly high resolution polymorphisms. We also devised a filtering procedure to identify a subset of 275K very robust markers that can be safely used for germplasm surveys in apple. The Axiom®Apple480K has now been commercially released both for public and proprietary use and will likely be a reference tool for GWA studies in apple.
How do I perform hematopoietic progenitor cell selection?
Authors: Avecilla Scott T. , Goss Cheryl , Bleau Sharon , Tonon Jo‐ann , Meagher Richard C. 
Published: February 2016

Graft‐versus‐host disease remains the most important source of morbidity and mortality associated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The implementation of hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) selection is employed by some stem cell processing facilities to mitigate this complication. Current cell selection methods include reducing the number of unwanted T cells (negative selection) and/or enriching CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitors (positive selection) using immunomagnetic beads subjected to magnetic fields within columns to separate out targeted cells. Unwanted side effects of cell selection as a result of T‐cell reduction are primary graft failure, increased infection rates, delayed immune reconstitution, possible disease relapse, and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease. The Miltenyi CliniMACS cell isolation system is the only device currently approved for clinical use by the Food and Drug Administration. It uses magnetic microbeads conjugated with a high‐affinity anti‐CD34 monoclonal antibody capable of binding to HPCs in marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood products. The system results in significantly improved CD34+ cell recoveries (50%‐100%) and consistent 3‐log CD3+ T‐cell reductions compared to previous generations of CD34+ cell selection procedures. In this article, the CliniMACS procedure is described in greater detail and the authors provide useful insight into modifications of the system. Successful implementation of cell selection procedures can have a significant positive clinical effect by greatly increasing the pool of donors for recipients requiring transplants. However, before a program implements cell selection techniques, it is important to consider the time and financial resources required to properly and safely perform these procedures.