bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of interface dead space on the time taken to achieve changes in set FiO
2
during T-piece ventilation: is face mask the optimal interface for neonatal stabilisation?
Authors: Gunnarsdottir Kolbrun , Stenson Ben J , Foglia Elizabeth E , Kapadia Vishal , Drevhammar Thomas , Donaldsson Snorri 
Published: September 2024

Background

T-piece is recommended for respiratory support during neonatal stabilisation. Bench studies have shown a delay >30 s in achieving changes in fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO
2
) at the airway when using the T-piece. Using a face mask adds dead space (DS) to the patient airway. We hypothesised that adding face mask to T-piece systems adversely affects the time required for a change in FiO
2
to reach the patient.

Methods

Neopuff (Fisher and Paykel, Auckland, New Zealand) and rPAP (Inspiration Healthcare, Croydon, UK) were used to ventilate a test lung. DS equivalent to neonatal face masks was added between the T-piece and test lung. Additionally, rPAP was tested with nasal prongs. Time course for change in FiO
2
to be achieved at the airway was measured for increase (0.3–0.6) and decrease (1.0–0.5) in FiO
2
. Primary outcome was time to reach FiO
2
+/−0.05 of the set target. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare mean time to reach the primary outcome between different DS volumes.

Results

In all experiments, the mean time to reach the primary outcome was significantly shorter for rPAP with prongs compared with Neopuff and rPAP with face mask DS (p<0.001). The largest observed difference occurred when testing a decrease in FiO
2
with 10 mL tidal volume (TV) without leakage (18.3 s for rPAP with prongs vs 153.4 s for Neopuff with face mask DS). The shortest observed time was 13.3 s when increasing FiO
2
with 10 mL TV with prongs with leakage and the longest time was 172.7 s when decreasing FiO
2
with 4 mL TV and added face mask DS without leak.

Conclusion
There was a delay in achieving changes in oxygen delivery at the airway during simulated ventilation attributable to the mask volume. This delay was greatly reduced when using nasal prongs as an interface. This should be examined in clinical trials.
Efficacy of exercise interventions on prevention of sport-related concussion and related outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ivanic Branimir , Cronström Anna , Johansson Kajsa , Ageberg Eva 
Published: September 2024

Objective
To review the efficacy of exercise interventions on sport-related concussion (SRC) incidence, as well as on linear and rotational head accelerations, and isometric neck strength and to assess reporting completeness of exercise interventions using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT).

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis, according to the Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science guidelines.

Data sources
Six databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science CC and SPORTDiscus) were searched up to 26 June 2023.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster RCTs or quasi-experimental studies, evaluating exercise interventions on SRC incidence, linear and rotational head accelerations, and/or isometric neck strength in male and/or female athletes of any age, and/or in a healthy general population.

Results
A total of 26 articles were included. A large effect size was observed for resistance training (RT) on isometric neck strength (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.85; 95% CI 0.57 to 1.13; high-quality evidence). Non-significant effect sizes were observed for neuromuscular warm-up programmes on SRC incidence (risk ratio 0.69; 95% CI 0.39 to 1.23; low-quality evidence), or for RT on linear head acceleration (SMD −0.43; 95% CI −1.26 to 0.40; very low-quality evidence) or rotational head acceleration (SMD 0.08; 95% CI −0.61 to 0.77; low-quality evidence). No studies assessed the impact of RT on SRC incidence. CERT scores ranged from 4 to 16 (out of 19) with median score of 11.5 (IQR 9–13).

Conclusion
RT increases isometric neck strength, but the effect on SRC incidence is unknown. More adequately powered and rigorous trials are needed to evaluate the effect of exercise interventions on SRC incidence, and on linear and rotational head accelerations. Future studies should follow CERT guidelines, as the included interventions were generally not reported in sufficient detail for accurate replication.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42023435033.
The relationship between corticospinal excitability and structural integrity in stroke patients
Authors: Daghsen Lina , Checkouri Thomas , Wittwer Aymric , Valabregue Romain , Galanaud Damien , Lejeune François-Xavier , Doulazmi Mohammed , Lamy Jean-Charles , Pouget Pierre , Roze Emmanuel , Rosso Charlotte 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundEvaluation of the structural integrity and functional excitability of the corticospinal tract (CST) is likely to be important in predicting motor recovery after stroke. Previous reports are inconsistent regarding a possible link between CST structure and CST function in this setting. This study aims to investigate the structure‒function relationship of the CST at the acute phase of stroke (<7 days).MethodsWe enrolled 70 patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke with unilateral upper extremity (UE) weakness. They underwent a multimodal assessment including clinical severity (UE Fugl Meyer at day 7 and 3 months), MRI to evaluate the CST lesion load and transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure the maximum amplitude of motor evoked potential (MEP).ResultsA cross-sectional lesion load above 87% predicted the absence of MEPs with an accuracy of 80.4%. In MEP-positive patients, the CST structure/function relationship was bimodal with a switch from a linear relationship (rho=−0.600, 95% CI −0.873; −0.039, p<0.03) for small MEP amplitudes (<0.703 mV) to a non-linear relationship for higher MEP amplitudes (p=0.72). In MEP-positive patients, recovery correlated with initial severity. In patients with a positive MEP <0.703 mV but not in patients with an MEP ≥0.703 mV, MEP amplitude was an additional independent predictor of recovery. In MEP-negative patients, we failed to identify any factor predicting recovery.ConclusionThis large multimodal study on the structure/function of the CST and stroke recovery proposes a paradigm change for the MEP-positive patients phenotypes and refines the nature of the link between structural integrity and neurophysiological function, with implications for study design and prognostic information.
Assessment of impurity production upon 14 MeV fusion neutron irradiation of both natural and isotopically enriched $$^{100}$$Mo samples
Authors: Palomba S. , Dellepiane G. , Falconi R. , Faccini R. , Fazio A. , Capogni M. , Capone M. , Colangeli A. , Felice P. De , Vannozzi A. , Pietropaolo A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract$$^{99m}$$

99
m

Tc, a decay product of $$^{99}$$

99

Mo, is the most widely used radionuclide in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Currently, $$^{99}$$

99

Mo is mainly produced by nuclear reactors as isotope separation from fission products by $$^{235}$$

235

U-enriched (HEU or LEU) uranium targets. Due to problems related to the ageing of nuclear fission reactors, new techniques are presently taken into consideration. In this paper, the $$^{99}$$

99

Mo production based on the $$^{100}$$

100

Mo(n,2n)$$^{99}$$

99

Mo reaction route, using 14 MeV fusion neutrons, is investigated. To this end, two samples were tested, manufactured as natural molybdenum metallic powder encapsulated in a container and $$^{100}$$

100

Mo-enriched molybdenum metallic pellet, respectively. The main goal of the experimental investigation was to determine the isotope inventory, as well as the amount of impurities generated in the neutron-irradiated samples. The experimental results were compared to numerical calculations obtained by means of MCNP and FISPACT-II codes. A prediction of the expected activity of $$^{99}$$

99

Mo under the aforementioned irradiation conditions is also provided for the future high-brilliance 14 MeV neutron source named SORGENTINA-RF.
Top quark production through flavor violating neutral currents within the 2HDM type-III
Authors: Gómez-Bock M. , Gonzalez-Olivares W. , Hentschinski M. , Rosado A. , Rosado-Navarro S. 
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we explore the parameter space for processes with fermionic flavor violation within the Two Higgs Doublets Model (2HDM) type III, processes of Flavor Changing Neutral Currents (FCNCs) are present at Leading Order (LO) as dynamics beyond the Standard Model (SM) are included. We analyze the possible Yukawa couplings beyond the SM involving the quark top, as the experimental signatures would be a clear signal to conclude about the model. The processes we analyzed are same sign top pair production at the [Formula: see text] collisions, and single top quark production in [Formula: see text] collisions, through Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS). To examine the scenarios that could exhibit such exotic events, we perform a scan in the parameter space to determine the observation possibilities for FCNC. We show the results considering the model parameters, coming from modified Yukawa interactions, [Formula: see text] of the order one. In addition, we explore the order of magnitude of possible single top production via [Formula: see text], at the proposed muon–proton collider. We found scattering values for these exotic processes of up to [Formula: see text].
A Switching Chaotic Coupled Map Lattices System Based on Elementary Cellular Automata and Its Applications
Authors: Ma Yingjie , Huang Sijie , Zhao Geng , Yang Yatao , Dong Youheng 
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a novel Switching Chaotic Coupled Map Lattices (SCCML) system based on Elementary Cellular Automata (ECA) to address issues found in Coupled Map Lattices (CML) systems such as period windows, poor lattice correlation, and limited chaotic behavior parameters. The system uses a bidirectional coupling method and introduces two ECA with different rules to continuously alter the indexes of the coupled lattices and the underlying chaotic mapping. This approach effectively mitigates correlation issues in CML systems. At the same time, the iterative results of ECA are cascaded with the chaotic mapping as a perturbation of the SCCML system to extend the parameter range of chaotic behavior. The Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy density and universality, bifurcation diagrams, uniformity and correlation are analyzed to investigate the dynamical properties of the proposed system. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that, compared with other novel spatiotemporal chaotic systems, the proposed system eliminates periodic windows, expands the chaotic behavior parameter range, and decreases the correlation between different lattices. The above experimental results demonstrate the proposed system’s excellent potential for cryptosystems and secure communication. Furthermore, an Encrypted Code Index Modulation (E-CIM) scheme based on reversible ECA encryption is proposed to address the problems of limited pseudo-random sequence resources and low spectrum utilization in direct sequence spread spectrum systems. The proposed scheme uses a chaotic sequence with good correlation and randomness generated by the SCCML spatiotemporal chaos system as the spreading code sequence. In the scheme, the information bits are divided into two parts, namely modulation bits and mapping bits. The modulation bits are mapped to points on the modulation constellation diagram. The mapping bits are encrypted using reversible ECA, and the mapped bits before and after encryption are mapped as spreading sequences with different indexes. Simulation and analysis show that under the same spectrum efficiency conditions, the BER performance of E-CIM is superior to that of the Code Index Modulation (CIM) and Generalized Code Index Modulation (GCIM) schemes by about 2–4[Formula: see text]dB and superior to that of the Nonorthogonal Code Shift Keying and Code Index Modulation (N-CSK-CIM) scheme by about 0.5[Formula: see text]dB in an additive Gaussian white noise channel when the BER is 10[Formula: see text].
SREBP-Dependent Regulation of Lipid Homeostasis Is Required for Progression and Growth of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ishida Chiaki T. , Myers Stephanie L. , Kubota Casie S. , Shao Wei , McGuire Meredith R. , Liu Chune , Ewachiw Theodore E. , Mukhopadhyay Debaditya , Ke Suqi , Wang Hao , Rasheed Zeshaan A. , Anders Robert A. , Espenshade Peter J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Solid tumors undergo metabolic reprogramming when growth outstrips local nutrient supply. Lipids such as cholesterol and fatty acids are required for continued tumor cell proliferation, and oncogenic mutations stimulate de novo lipogenesis to support tumor growth. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors control lipid homeostasis by activating genes required for lipid synthesis and uptake. SREBPs have been implicated in the progression of brain, breast, colon, liver, and prostate cancers. However, the role of the SREBP pathway and its central regulator SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been studied in detail. Here, we demonstrated that pancreas-specific knockout of Scap has no effect on mouse pancreas development or function, allowing for examination of the role of Scap in the murine KPC model of PDAC. Notably, heterozygous loss of Scap prolonged survival in KPC mice, and homozygous loss of Scap impaired PDAC tumor progression. Using xenograft models, we showed that SCAP is required for human PDAC tumor growth. Mechanistically, chemical or genetic inhibition of the SREBP pathway prevented PDAC cell growth under low-serum conditions because of a lack of lipid supply. Highlighting its clinical importance, the SREBP pathway is broadly required across cancer cell lines, target genes are upregulated in human PDAC tumors, and increased expression of SREBP targets is associated with poor survival in patients with PDAC. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SCAP and SREBP pathway activity are required for PDAC cell and tumor growth, identifying SCAP as a potential therapeutic target for PDAC.

Significance:
Our findings demonstrate that SREBP pathway activation is a critical part of the metabolic reprogramming that occurs in PDAC development and progression. Therefore, targeting the SREBP pathway has significant therapeutic potential.
Poststroke Cognitive Impairment and the Risk of Recurrent Stroke and Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Dowling N. Maritza , Johnson Skylar , Nadareishvili Zurab 
Published: September 2024

Background
Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) occurs in about 60% of patients with stroke in the first year after stroke. However, the question regarding risks of recurrent stroke and mortality in patients with PSCI remains controversial. The goal of this study was to conduct a meta‐analysis of published literature to estimate the risks of stroke recurrence and mortality associated with PSCI.

Methods and Results

Electronic databases were screened for eligible studies published from 1990 to 2023. The primary end points of this study were recurrent stroke and mortality. Pooled estimates were calculated as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CIs. Meta‐regression analyses evaluated moderating effects of PSCI severity, study design, and study period on recurrent stroke and mortality. Pooled data from 27 studies comprised 39 412 patients with ischemic stroke. Nine studies evaluated the association between PSCI and risk of stroke recurrence that showed the hazard of recurrent stroke risk was significantly higher in patients with PSCI compared with those without it (HR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.29–1.94];
I
2
=52.2%). Eighteen studies examined the impact of PSCI on mortality risk. The pooled hazard of mortality was significantly higher in the group with PSCI relative to the non‐PSCI group (HR, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.65 –2.59];
I
2
=89.3%). Meta‐regressions showed that the average effect of PSCI on mortality risk differed across study period and study design.

Conclusions
Based on this meta‐analysis PSCI was statistically significantly associated with increased risks of recurrent stroke and all‐cause mortality. Poststroke neurocognitive assessment may identify patients at a higher risk who may require more aggressive interventions for secondary prevention.
Variable Force Modality in English Infinitival Relatives: A Matter of Degree
Authors: Grano Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
English infinitival relative clauses exhibit variable force deontic modality, with the restriction that whereas a weak necessity (should-like) reading is always available, a possibility (can/could-like) reading is available only under weak quantifiers. I propose: weak necessity modals have a degree semantics, whereby combination with a silent positive morpheme yields weak necessity; existential closure of the degree variable yields possibility; and existential closure is available only under weak quantifiers because only they are interpreted within VP. The account supports the view that modality is scalar, that deontic possibility and (weak) necessity occupy the same scale, and that existential closure is structurally constrained.
Standardizing practice patterns for venous insufficiency ultrasound
Authors: Kelly Donna , Scovell Sherry 
Published: September 2024

Background This study aimed to evaluate the variability in practice patterns associated with the performance of duplex ultrasound (DUS) for venous insufficiency. Methods Sonographers participated in a survey regarding patient positioning and method of augmentation as well as the availability of ergonomic equipment for DUS. Results DUS was performed in RT position by 41% of sonographers versus standing position in 40%. In 18% of laboratories, if the RT position did not demonstrate reflux, the study was repeated in the standing position. An automated cuff inflation device was used as the primary method of augmentation in only 22% of practices. Conclusions There is a lack of standardization for the performance parameters of patient position and method of augmentation in VDU, which may lead to variation in the results between sonographers and institutions.
Trauma diagnoses during emergency psychiatric evaluation among youth with and without autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Junewicz Alexandra , Dhir Sakshi , Guo Fei , Song Yuxiao , Stein Cheryl R. , Baroni Argelinda 
Published: September 2024

Autistic youth are more likely to experience traumatic events and may be more likely to develop trauma-related symptoms. However, accurately identifying trauma-related symptoms in autistic youth can be challenging. We examined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other trauma-related diagnoses in youth with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a large, pediatric psychiatric emergency department (ED) in a diverse urban setting. Between March 2019 and November 2021, 2728 patients presented at our emergency psychiatric ED. Youth with ASD were 42% less likely to receive trauma-related diagnoses (prevalence ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.41, 0.80) compared with youth without ASD. One possible explanation for this finding is that trauma-related symptoms are under-detected in youth with ASD during emergency psychiatric evaluations. There is a need for trauma screening and diagnostic instruments specifically tailored to the unique needs of youth with ASD to ensure optimal assessment and care. Lay abstract Autistic youth are more likely to experience maltreatment, victimization, and other traumatic events. However, it can be difficult to identify trauma-related symptoms in autistic youth, especially in those with limited verbal communication. In this study, we compared the prevalence of trauma-related diagnoses given to youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to those given to youth without ASD who presented to a specialized pediatric psychiatric emergency department. We found that youth with ASD were 42% less likely to receive trauma-related diagnoses than youth without ASD. As there is evidence that youth with ASD are no less likely to experience traumatic events compared with youth without ASD, one possible explanation for this result is that trauma-related symptoms are missed during emergency psychiatric evaluations. Developing trauma screening instruments specifically designed for the needs of youth with ASD is an outstanding need.
Assigning credit where it is due: an information content score to capture the clinical value of multiplexed assays of variant effect
Authors: Ranola John Michael O. , Horton Carolyn , Pesaran Tina , Fayer Shawn , Starita Lea M. , Shirts Brian H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
A variant can be pathogenic or benign with relation to a human disease. Current classification categories from benign to pathogenic reflect a probabilistic summary of the current understanding. A primary metric of clinical utility for multiplexed assays of variant effect (MAVE) is the number of variants that can be reclassified from uncertain significance (VUS). However, a gap in this measure of utility is that it underrepresents the information gained from MAVEs. The aim of this study was to develop an improved quantification metric for MAVE utility. We propose adopting an information content approach that includes data that does not reclassify variants will better reflect true information gain. We adopted an information content approach to evaluate the information gain, in bits, for MAVEs of BRCA1, PTEN, and TP53. Here, one bit represents the amount of information required to completely classify a single variant starting from no information.

Results
BRCA1 MAVEs produced a total of 831.2 bits of information, 6.58% of the total missense information in BRCA1 and a 22-fold increase over the information that only contributed to VUS reclassification. PTEN MAVEs produced 2059.6 bits of information which represents 32.8% of the total missense information in PTEN and an 85-fold increase over the information that contributed to VUS reclassification. TP53 MAVEs produced 277.8 bits of information which represents 6.22% of the total missense information in TP53 and a 3.5-fold increase over the information that contributed to VUS reclassification.

Conclusions
An information content approach will more accurately portray information gained through MAVE mapping efforts than by counting the number of variants reclassified. This information content approach may also help define the impact of guideline changes that modify the information definitions used to classify groups of variants.