bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of remote cameras to evaluate ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) population parameters in seasonal tropical dry forests of central-western Mexico
Authors: Monterrubio-Rico Tiberio C. , Charre-Medellín Juan F. , Pérez-Martínez Marco Z. , Mendoza Eduardo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The ocelot is one of the most studied felid species in the neotropics yet most of our current knowledge comes from tropical rain forests and protected areas. Therefore, we lack a comprehensive understanding on how the species abundance varies in terms of ecological parameters across its full distribution range. This is particularly true for the species population in the Northern Hemisphere, as data of ocelot populations occurring in tropical dry forests are scarce. In this study, we focused on: a) generating population data (density and sex ratios), based on camera-trapping, for ocelot occurring in the vast and understudied tropical dry forest of the western Pacific of Mexico. b) Comparing the variation in species abundance and density across its distribution range, including a larger set of studies from the Northern Hemisphere, contrasting parameters between rain forests and tropical seasonal ecosystems and re-examining the assumed relationship between precipitation and ocelot abundance. Overall, we identified 17 ocelots in our study sites and estimated an average density of 23.7 individuals (ind) per 100 km2 with a female to male ratio >1. No significant differences in ocelot density was found between seasonal tropical forests and rain forests studies (Wilcoxon test, W=71, p=0.7675). Moreover, we found no support for the relation between ocelot density and precipitation (only when restricting our analysis to rain forest data the fit of the regression model was close to be significant, R2=0.2463, p=0.07107). Our results indicate that tropical seasonal ecosystems and dry forest in particular, may present ocelot population with similar levels of abundance than tropical rain forests. We observed that precipitation is a poor predictor of ocelot abundance. In our study, we observed that overall local ecological factors (e.g. prey abundance and interspecific interactions) influenced the spatial and temporal abundance of ocelots.
Uniform topology on EQ-algebras
Authors: Yang Jiang , Long Xin Xiao , He Peng Fei 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we use filters of an EQ-algebra E to induce a uniform structure (E, 𝓚), and then the part 𝓚 induce a uniform topology 𝒯 in E. We prove that the pair (E, 𝒯) is a topological EQ-algebra, and some properties of (E, 𝒯) are investigated. In particular, we show that (E, 𝒯) is a first-countable, zero-dimensional, disconnected and completely regular space. Finally, by using convergence of nets, the convergence of topological EQ-algebras is obtained.
Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of 3-O- (β-d-glycopyranosyl)-sn-glycerols and their evaluation as preservative in cosmetics
Authors: Guillotin Laure , Cancellieri Perrine , Lafite Pierre , Landemarre Ludovic , Daniellou Richard 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

d-Glycopyranosyl glycerols are common natural products and exhibit strong biological properties, notably as moisturizing agents in cosmetics. Their chemical synthesis remains tedious thus decreasing their potential industrial and economic development, as well as the study of their structure-function relationships. In this work, the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of three enantiopure 3-O-(β-d-glycopyranosyl)-sn-glycerols was efficiently performed using an original glycosidase from Dictyoglomus thermophilum and their preservatives properties were assessed using a challenge test method. Amongst them, the 3-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol exhibited a specific anti-fungus activity.
Mechanical and rheological properties of polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene copolymer reinforced with carbon nanotubes: effect of processing conditions
Authors: Arrigo Rossella , Teresi Rosalia , Dintcheva Nadka Tzankova 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene (SBS)-based nanocomposites filled with unmodified and –COOH functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been formulated at different processing conditions in order to provide an understanding of the influence of the processing temperature and mixing speed on the nanofillers dispersion and on the overall properties of the nanocomposites. The evaluation of the nanocomposites’ mechanical and rheological behavior reveals that the effect of the processing speed on the final properties is almost negligible. Differently, the processing temperature influences strongly the mechanical and rheological properties of SBS-based nanocomposites. Indeed, for the nanocomposites formulated at high temperatures a significant enhancement of the overall properties with respect to the neat matrix has been achieved. Moreover, morphological analyses show that the state of dispersion of both unmodified and functionalized CNTs progressively improves as the processing temperature increases. Particularly, at low processing temperatures a segregated morphology in which the nanofillers are selectively confined in the domains of the SBS matrix has been obtained, while the nanocomposites formulated at 180°C show a homogeneous and uniform CNTs dispersion throughout the matrix and a strong level of interfacial adhesion between the copolymer chains and the dispersed nanofillers.
Bulkhead Door – Critical Evacuation States
Authors: Flizikowski Józef , Kruszelnicka Weronika , Michałowski Mirosław , Szala Grzegorz , Tomporowski Andrzej 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The article is a preliminary to a modification concept of the sliding watertight bulkhead door used on ships and vessels. Hydraulic or electro-hydraulic drives used to move these doors require complicated and extended pressure installations with large amounts of hydraulic fluid. Well-known operational drawbacks of these installations include high level of noise and possibility of various leaks in the hydraulic system. Being the first in a series, the present article describes and analyses critical states which can take place during evacuation of people through openings in the watertight bulkhead doors on seagoing ships and vessels.
Calculation of Boil-Off Gas (BOG) Generation of KC-1 Membrane LNG Tank with High Density Rigid Polyurethane Foam by Numerical Analysis
Authors: Jeong Hyeonwon , Shim W. Jaewoo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Recently, a new type of LNG tank named “KC-1 membrane LNG tank” has been developed by Korean Gas Corporation (KOGAS), and Samsung Heavy Industries (SHI) is currently building KC-1 membrane type LNG carriers. Unlike other LNG tanks, the KC-1 membrane LNG tank has a single-insulation structure rather than a double-insulation structure. For a given tank’s boundary condition, heat transfer analysis is performed from the external to the internal environment of the LNG tank by numerical simulation for three tanks. In each tank, the main thermally resistant layer of insulation is assembled with a High density rigid Polyurethane Foam (H-PUF), which is blown with one of three different types of hydrofluorocarbons-namely-HFC-365mfc, 245fa, and 245fa-e (enhanced). Advantage of such blowing agents is that it has a lower Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) than HCFC-141b or carbon dioxide (CO2) that has been used in the past as well as having low thermal conductivity. A Reduced Order Model is utilized to a 3-dimensional section of the insulation to calculate equivalent thermal conductivity. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the insulation is then applied to the rest of LNG tank, reducing the size of tank simulation domain as well as computation time. Tank’s two external and internal boundary conditions used are those defined by the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC) and the United States Coast Guard (USCG) conditions. Boil-off Rate (BOR) of the tank that has the insulation with H-PUF blown with HFC-245fa resulted in 0.0927 %/day and 0.0745 %/day for IGC and USCG conditions, respectively.
Possibilities for the Growth of Social Housing with the Participation of Developers in Poland
Authors: Antczak-Stępniak Agata 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDevelopment activity, understood as an economic activity consisting of transforming a property so as to induce an increase in value, has been expanding in Poland since the early nineties of the twentieth century. However, in this country, it is an activity associated mainly with the profit which a developer can make from the sale or rental of the transformed property. In the West, however, non-profit development activity, providing mainly housing for rent for people with limited financial resources, has become increasingly popular. Under the current institutional conditions, the growth of this type of activity in Poland seems impossible. In this situation, Social Housing Associations could play a similar role, subject to the extension of the scope of their activities and funding opportunities. Therefore, it is reasonable to put forward the thesis that, in order to make the growth of social housing in Poland more dynamic, it is necessary to expand for the range of SHA activities as well as to initiate non - profit development activity based on the model of Western countries. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the legitimacy of the presented thesis by analyzing the available literature, statistical data and case studies.
Land Administration System for Sustainable Development – Case Study of Poland
Authors: Dawidowicz Agnieszka , Źróbek Ryszard 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe global idea of building state Land Administration Systems was to determine the infrastructures for the implementation of land policies and land management strategies in support of sustainable development. This new paradigm in science has directed many studies towards the development of concepts for the integration of various spatial information systems in the framework of interoperable infrastructures. Each infrastructure includes institutional arrangements, a legal framework, processes, standards, land information, management and dissemination systems, and technologies required to support allocation, land markets, valuation, control of use, and development of interests in land.Many countries are in the process of developing Land Administration Systems (LAS). Databases of Land Information Systems (LIS), including cadastres, land registries, tax registries and land-use plans, are integrated to improve Land Information System functions and provide effective support for other systems and economic processes.This article analyzes the LAS construction process in Poland with particular emphasis on the functionality of the infrastructure supporting the widely understood sustainable development of land, the economy and society. The presented solution may be an important model (template) for other national infrastructures.
Topography of Spoil Heaps and Its Role in Plant Succession and Soil Fauna Presence
Authors: Walmsley A. , Vachová Pavla , Vach M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe spoil heaps from brown coal mining without technical reclamation are interesting specific sites for ecological relationships observation. This research was aimed at investigating whether topographic features, which determine soil nutrient and moisture distribution, in combination with soil fauna (wireworm and earthworm) presence, affect plant community composition at a spontaneously revegetated post mining area with an undulating surface. Two sites of different age with three types of topographic features were selected, soil moisture and nutrient contents were measured, and plant community composition and soil macrofauna community were sampled at each position. Wireworms were present at all positions and were most abundant at the bottoms of waves at the younger site; their presence was correlated with the presence of several plant species with high palatability for wireworms, but the direction of the interaction is not clear. Earthworms were only present at the older site and had the highest abundance at flat sections. Earthworm presence affected the amount of nitrogen in soil - the highest nitrogen content was at the site with the highest earthworm density and was followed by a higher diversity of plant community. The plant community composition was generally correlated with plant available nutrient content - especially P and N. We infer that topographic features affect nutrient and soil fauna distribution, which consequently influences the plant community composition.
Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, and Short Chain Fatty Acids of Vegetarians and Omnivores
Authors: Bunešová Věra , Joch M. , Musilová S. , Rada V. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The intestinal microbiota represents the largest and the most complex microbial community inhabiting the human body. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli represent important commensal bacteria with the ability to utilize complex carbohydrates. The main fermentation products from the breakdown of complex dietary carbohydrates are short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). We examined faecal samples of vegetarians (n = 10) and conventional omnivores (n = 10) to evaluate the counts and occurrence of cultivable bacteria, especially bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, using cultivation on selective media, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight. Moreover, concentrations and molar proportion of SCFAs in faecal samples were measured. Total counts of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in vegetarian faecal samples, while others (total anaerobic bacteria, Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Escherichia coli, and presumptive coliforms) were not. Neither total concentrations nor molar proportions of SCFAs in faecal samples differed (P > 0.05) between the diet groups. In total, six Bifidobacterium spp. and thirteen Lactobacillus spp. were detected via culture-dependent methods. Bifidobacteria counts and species composition in faecal samples of both groups were found to be relatively similar, regardless of the diet. Lactobacillus species varied more by individual diet.
Missing value imputation for gene expression data by tailored nearest neighbors
Authors: Faisal Shahla , Tutz Gerhard 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHigh dimensional data like gene expression and RNA-sequences often contain missing values. The subsequent analysis and results based on these incomplete data can suffer strongly from the presence of these missing values. Several approaches to imputation of missing values in gene expression data have been developed but the task is difficult due to the high dimensionality (number of genes) of the data. Here an imputation procedure is proposed that uses weighted nearest neighbors. Instead of using nearest neighbors defined by a distance that includes all genes the distance is computed for genes that are apt to contribute to the accuracy of imputed values. The method aims at avoiding the curse of dimensionality, which typically occurs if local methods as nearest neighbors are applied in high dimensional settings. The proposed weighted nearest neighbors algorithm is compared to existing missing value imputation techniques like mean imputation, KNNimpute and the recently proposed imputation by random forests. We use RNA-sequence and microarray data from studies on human cancer to compare the performance of the methods. The results from simulations as well as real studies show that the weighted distance procedure can successfully handle missing values for high dimensional data structures where the number of predictors is larger than the number of samples. The method typically outperforms the considered competitors.
Secular Trends in the Physical Fitness of United States Army Recruits on Entry to Service, 1975–2013
Authors: Knapik Joseph J. , Sharp Marilyn A. , Steelman Ryan A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Knapik, JJ, Sharp, MA, and Steelman, RA. Secular trends in the physical fitness of United States Army recruits on entry to service, 1975–2013. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 2030–2052, 2017—A systematic literature search was conducted to identify and analyze articles that reported on physical fitness of new US Army recruits. The National Library of Medicine's PubMed and the Defense Technical Information Center were searched using the keywords (military personnel OR trainee OR recruit OR soldier) AND (physical fitness OR strength OR endurance OR flexibility OR balance OR coordination OR muscle contraction OR running OR exercise OR physical conditioning). Reference lists of obtained articles and contact with authors enhanced the search. Studies were selected if they involved recruits in Basic Combat Training or One-Station Unit Training, provided a quantitative assessment of at least one fitness measure, and the fitness measure(s) were obtained early in training. Average values for each fitness measure were obtained, plotted by the year of data collection, and fitted to linear regression models (fitness measure × year). Fifty-three articles met the review criteria. Regression analysis indicated little temporal change in height, but body weight, body mass index, body fat, and fat-free mass increased over time. Limited V̇o
2max data suggested no temporal change in male recruits, but those in female recruits V̇o
2max seem to have slightly improved. Apparently contradicting the V̇o
2max findings, performance on endurance runs (1- and 2-mile) declined, possibly because of the increase in body weight. Muscular endurance (push-ups, sit-ups) demonstrated little systematic change over time. Limited but multiple measures of muscular strength suggest a temporal increase in strength. Specific components of US Army recruit fitness seem to have changed over time.
Kredit- und Finanzdienstleistungsinstitute als monistische Societas Europaea
Authors: Schuster Gunnar , Pitz Sebastian 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der folgende Beitrag behandelt eine Reihe von Fragen an der Schnittstelle des Rechts der Europäischen Aktiengesellschaft (Societas Europaea, SE) und des Bankaufsichtsrechts. Sie ergeben sich, wenn ein Kredit- oder Finanzdienstleistungsinstitut i. S. d. Kreditwesengesetzes (KWG) in der Form einer monistisch verfassten SE gegründet werden soll. Bei dieser Form der SE, die abweichend von der deutschen Aktiengesellschaft nicht über einen Vorstand und einen Aufsichtsrat, sondern lediglich über einen Verwaltungsrat verfügt, ist die Bestimmung der bankaufsichtsrechtlichen Geschäftsleiter i. S. d. § 1 Abs. 2, § 25c KWG und des Verwaltungs- oder Aufsichtsorgans i. S. d. § 25d KWG nur durch umfassende und gründliche Auslegung des Gesetzes zu bewältigen.
§ 2a VermAnlG – Hilfestellung oder Haftungsfalle für Crowdfunding-Plattformen?
Authors: Gerlach Finn , Köhler Silvie 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Crowdfunding ist im Begriff, sich als Finanzierungsbaustein für Unternehmen sowie Privatpersonen zu etablieren. Für diesen Bereich hat der Gesetzgeber im Zuge des Kleinanlegerschutzgesetzes § 2a VermAnlG eingeführt, der Emissionen über Crowdfunding-Plattformen unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen von einem Großteil der Regelungen des Vermögensanlagengesetzes befreit. Allerdings leidet § 2a VermAnlG an einem gravierenden Konstruktionsfehler, der dazu geführt hat, dass die Vorschrift nach dem Inkrafttreten bei reiner Wortlautbetrachtung zehn Monate lang nicht anwendbar war. Weder Emittenten noch Crowdfunding-Plattformen haben diese Problematik erkannt. Sie haben sich bei der Emission von Vermögensanlagen daher auf die Ausnahmevorschrift des § 2a VermAnlG gestützt und sehen sich nunmehr empfindlichen Haftungsrisiken ausgesetzt. Der am 15. 2. 2017 veröffentlichte Bericht der Bundesregierung zur Evaluierung des § 2a VermAnlG gibt Anlass, den Konstruktionsfehler der Vorschrift näher zu beleuchten und gleichzeitig Lösungswege für die betroffenen Regelungsadressaten aufzuzeigen.
Kriseninstrument Contingent Convertible Bond: Struktur und aktuelle Entwicklungen der Bilanzierung
Authors: Hinze Anne-Kathrin , Menk Michael Torben , Mies Michael 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Vor dem Hintergrund der in der Öffentlichkeit vielfach kritisierten und den Steuerzahler teuer zu stehen gekommenen Bankenrettungen rücken in den letzten Jahren Contingent Convertible Bonds (CoCo-Bonds) zunehmend in den Blickpunkt der Finanzbranche. Mit Hilfe von CoCo-Bonds wird eine frühzeitige Rekapitalisierung krisengefährdeter Institute durch eine Inanspruchnahme der Gläubiger ohne staatliche Beteiligung ermöglicht. Die Besonderheit dieser umgekehrten Pflichtwandelanleihen besteht darin, dass bei Eintritt eines im Voraus festgelegten Auslöseereignisses dem Emittenten – und nicht wie gewöhnlich dem Inhaber – das Wandlungsrecht zu einer Umwandlung in Eigenkapital zufällt und so im Bedarfsfall eine Stärkung der Eigenkapitalbasis erreicht wird. Aufgrund ihrer regulatorischen Anerkennung als Eigenkapital sind CoCo-Bonds insbesondere für Kreditinstitute von zentraler Bedeutung. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt die generelle Struktur und Ausgestaltung von CoCo-Bonds auf und beleuchtet im Besonderen deren bilanzrechtliche Rahmenbedingungen im Zuge aktueller IFRS Entwicklungen.
PERBANDINGAN EFEK ANTIKANKER EKSTRAK ETANOL BAGIAN AKAR, DAUN, DAN BATANG DARI Calotropis gigantea PADA SEL PAYUDARA T47D
Authors: Muti’ah Roihatul , Sukardiman Sukardiman , Widyawaruyanti Aty , Zulaikah Siti 
Published: April 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktifitas antikanker ekstrak etanol <em>Calotropis gigantea</em> dari bagian akar, daun dan batang. Pengujian dilakukan pada sel line kanker payudara T47D dengan metode MTT. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bagian Akar <em>Calotropis gigantea</em> mempunyai potensi sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D yang lebih tinggi (IC<sub>50</sub> 89,76 μg/ml) dibanding bagian daun (IC<sub>50</sub> 459,51 μg/ml) dan bagian bunga (IC<sub>50</sub>&gt;1000) sehingga bagian Akar mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi agen kemoterapi terutama pada kanker payudara.
PREVALENCE OF ANOMALIES OF SEPARATE TEETH AT CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AND SCHOOL AGE OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA IN RELATION TO PROBLEMS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE
Authors: Bisharyan M. S. , Barinov E. H. , Manin A. I. , Romodanovsky P. O. 
Published: April 2017

For judicial and stomatologic identification of the person according to the stomatologic status the most often found anomalies of separate teeth taking into account gender and age are given in article.