bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Nature of the Function Expressive of the Law of Human Mortality
Authors: Ogborn M. E. 
Published: August 2016

Is there a mathematical formula which will express the way in which mortality changes age by age? Many students have sought that will-o'-the-wisp but have had to confess failure. For example, Sir William Elderton says:
but such a course did not satisfy me, because the failure… implied that the method was artificial and that I was not getting nearer to the root of the matter. To put the matter another way—I had not reached the best form in which to express the results: I had only obtained any approximation which led no further.
A Rediscovered Work of Jean Gerson on a Spiritual Classic:Admonitio super librum qui dicitur Clymachus de xxx gradibus perfectionis(ca. 1396–1400)
Authors: Hobbins Daniel 
Published: August 2016

In 1425, Jean Gerson wrote a letter to his brother Jean the Celestine, in which he attacked theArbor vitae crucifixae Jesuof Ubertino de Casale. A passage toward the end of the letter mentions a lost work of Gerson:Finally, on this matter a short work was recently composedOn the Examination of Doctrines. Another short work was also composedOn the Doctrine of Raymund Lull. Moreover, certain things were written long agoOn the Book that is Called Clymacus on the Thirty Steps of Perfection, whose root is the error of the Stoics [who] assert that the virtues are without feeling — that is, affected in no way through the passions. This is against the statement of the Apostle so widely experienced: “I see another law,” etc. Those who wish to make specific treatises about every single error with its origins will find no end.
Angerius Brito, Cathensis Episcopus
Authors: Barrow G. W. S. 
Published: August 2016

A note by Marvin L. Colker published in this journal concerns a bishop named Angerius Brito, whom the author assigns to the see of Caithness in Scotland. The note gives the text of an epitaph composed in the bishop's honor, from a manuscript in the library of Trinity College Dublin. ‘Who was Angerius?’ asks Mr. Colker, and he continues
Nothing is known about him apart from the above verses. His very name is unrecorded elsewhere. There is no trace of him in the source books for the history of Scotland, in the ecclesiastical histories of Scotland, in the histories of Caithness or in the lists of bishops for all medieval Christendom.
Chaucer and the Latin Muses
Authors: Taylor Paul Beekman , Bordier Sophie 
Published: August 2016

Muse of the uniqueHistorical fact, defending with silenceSome world of yours beholding, a silenceNo explosion can conquer, but a lover's yesHas been known to fill.W. H. Auden, ‘Homage to Clio’The Clio and Calliope evoked in the prohemia of Books II and III of Troilus and Criseyde are handily glossed in Chaucer editions as Muses of history and epic poetry respectively, but without citations of sources for these attributions. Stephen A. Barney's notes in The Riverside Chaucer suggest that in both evocations Chaucer is following Statius rather than Dante, and both he and B. A. Windeatt mention the marginal gloss ‘Cleo domina eloquentie’ in MS Harley 2392 of Troilus. Vincent J. DiMarco's note to the name Polymya in Anelida and Arcite identifies her as Muse of ‘sacred song,’ after her name-sense ‘she who is rich in hymns,’ but DiMarco does not elaborate on her pertinence to the context of the poem. There is little in current Chaucer criticism on schemes of attributes for the Muses; and yet without an idea of what values for the Muses Chaucer is drawing upon, it is difficult to appreciate their thematic force in Troilus.
Canonists and Standards of Impartiality for Papal Judges Delegate
Authors: Helmholz Richard 
Published: August 2016

In Act II, scene iv of Shakespeare's Henry VIII, Queen Catherine is confronted by the start of divorce proceedings against her. One of the two cardinals delegated as judges by the pope is Henry's faithful servant, Cardinal Wolsey, a man little likely to be an impartial judge of the legal merits of the famous case. And so the Queen says to him:I do believeInduced by potent circumstances, that You are mine enemy, and make my challenge You shall not be my judge.Shakespeare does not today enjoy a wide reputation as a canonist, but he has here described with some correctness the canonical recusatio. This is the right, under certain circumstances, to challenge and remove a papal judge delegate for interest, prejudice, or unfitness for office.
The Deposition of Edward V
Authors: Wood Charles T. 
Published: August 2016

Because depositions lie at the heart of that process through which England developed a limited monarchy, historians have long studied them. Nevertheless, this scholarly attention has been unequally bestowed. Edward II and Richard II are familiar figures in the depositional literature, but one seldom encounters Henry VI, and Edward V is never mentioned at all.The reasons for these differences are readily comprehensible. Edward II and Richard II had significant reigns, and in the very process of their depositions the limits of legitimate monarchical power were defined. The fall of Henry VI offers few similar opportunities: if his policies also led to revolt, they weresui generis, no more than a byproduct of his lamentable mental state and, as such, of no lasting concern to those studying the growth of the constitution.
Reading Augustine'sConfessionesin Fourteenth-Century England: John de Grandisson's Fashioning of Text and Self
Authors: Olson Linda 
Published: August 2016

We give to our church of Exeter [this book], which we labored much in correcting in Paris, in the hand of John of Exeter.And to this point I, John de Grandisson, have corrected, and not beyond, according to the book of Hugo of Saint Victor, as it was said to have been corrected by him, while I was studying in Paris, in the year of the Lord 1314, when the Templars were burned, in the next year after the Council of Vienne.
Quintilian on Comedy
Authors: Goldberg Sander M. 
Published: August 2016

Is orator erit mea sententia hoc tam gravi dignus nomine, qui, quaecumque res inciderit, quae sit dictione explicanda, prudenter et composite et ornate et memoriter dicet cum quadam actionis etiam dignitate.(Cicero,De orat.1.64)Though Cicero's authority helped elevate the ideal orator's dexterity and discipline to the status of cliche, the vital link between theory and practice that his dialogues advocate did not long survive him. As professional rhetoricians of the next century became increasingly preoccupied with declamation, practical oratory developed and rewarded other qualities. Eloquence of the old kind could be thought a vanishing art. This then is how the younger Pliny would describe one of the most successful speakers of the late first century, the notorious (and long-lived)delatorM. Aquilius Regulus.
Uncovering a Lost Work of Gregory the Great: Fragments of the Early Commentary on Job
Authors: Meyvaert Paul 
Published: August 2016

Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS Lat. 2342 begins with a list of works by an anonymous monk of the abbey of Bec, in Normandy, who seems to have lived there during the first half of the twelfth century. Dom André Wilmart, who first published this list, characterized the author of these works as a writer “de troisième rang,” who nevertheless possessed a kind of encyclopedic knowledge. Approximately two thirds of the works mentioned in the list are preserved in the same manuscript. Among the works now lost must be counted:
Vnum scriptum prolixum contra uerba cuiusdam, in quo contra dogma illius po suit centum L. auctoritates de diuersis doctoribus collectas.Item aliud scriptum multum prolixum de diuersis sententiis et auctoritatibus quod diuisit in VIItem partes.
Social media, spontaneous writing and dictation. Spelling variation
Authors: COUGNON LOUISE-AMELIE , MASKENS LENAIS , ROEKHAUT SOPHIE , FAIRON CEDRICK 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the hypothesis of young people having the multi-skills required to switch between formal and informal communication. We collected samples of the written output of students across different media and communication situations. The results obtained through dictation tests show that the students’ level is relatively low, with a majority of grammatical errors. The analysis of linguistic forms common to the corpora indicates that all the participants use traditional spelling in at least one of them. Lastly, we present a qualitative analysis of spelling variation and an overview of the teenagers’ linguistic representations.
Patterns of Trauma Deaths in an Accident and Emergency Unit
Authors: Osime Odigie Clement , Ighedosa Stephen Udi , Oludiran Olugbenga Ojo , Iribhogbe Pius Ehiawaguan , Ehikhamenor Eddy , Elusoji Sunday Oladepo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:Trauma is a leading cause of death in most countries. Different patterns of trauma deaths are recorded in different countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the pattern of trauma deaths in the emergency unit of a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria.Methods:This is a descriptive, retrospective study. The data were obtained from patient case files and nurses'records. The data abstracted included age, sex, cause of trauma/death, parts of the body injured, time of death, andthe duration of stay in the Accident and Emergency Unit (AEU).Results:A total of 5,537 cases presented to the AEU of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital between 01 January 2001 and 31 December 2004. Of these, 5,446 were due to trauma (98.4%). A total of 127 patients died (case fatality rate: 2.3%). Of the deaths, 81.9% were males. Motor vehicle crashes were the most frequent cause (54.3%), and drowning was the least common cause of trauma (0.8%). The most frequently injured region of the body was the head and neck (53.4%). A total of 67.4% of the deaths occurred within six hours of presentation to the AEU.Conclusions:There is a great need for improved road safety, adequate pre-hospital medical care, and prompt transfer services for victims of trauma.
Mental Health Emergency Preparedness: The Need for Training and Coordination at the State Level
Authors: Hawley Suzanne R. , Hawley Gary C. , Ablah Elizabeth , Romain Theresa St. , Molgaard Craig A. , Orr Shirley A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:The coordination and integration of mental health agencies' plans into disaster responses is a critical step for ensuring effective response to all-hazard emergencies.Problem:In order to remedy the current lack of integration of mental health into emergency preparedness training, researchers must assess mental health emergency preparedness training needs. To date, no recognized assessment exists.The current study addresses this need by qualitatively surveying public health and allied health professionals regarding mental health preparedness in Kansas.Methods:Participants included 144 professionals from public health and allied fields, all of whom attended one of seven training presentations on mental health preparedness. Following each presentation, participants provided written responses to nine qualitative questions about preparedness and mental health preparedness needs, as well as demographic information, and a program evaluation. Survey questions addressed perceptions of bioterrorism and mental health preparedness, perceptions about resource and training needs, as well as coordination of preparedness efforts.Results:Overall, few respondents indicated that they felt their county or community was prepared to respond to an attack. Respondents felt less prepared for mental health issues than they did for preparedness issues in general. The largest proportion of respondents reported that they would look to a community mental health center or the state health department for mental health preparedness information. Most respondents recognized the helpfulness of interagency coordination for mental health preparedness, and reported a willingness to take an active role in coordination.Conclusions:The current study provides important data about the gaps regarding mental health preparedness in Kansas.This study demonstrates the present lack of preparedness and the need for coordination to reach an appropriate level of mental health preparedness for the state.These findings are the first step to implementing effective distribution of information and training.
Epidemic and Bioterrorism Preparation among Emergency Medical Services Systems
Authors: Maguire Brian J. , Dean Stephen , Bissell Richard A. , Walz Bruce J. , Bumbak Andrew K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:The purpose of this research was to determine the preparedness of emergency medical services (EMS) agencies in one US state to cope with a massive epidemic event.Methods:Data were collected primarily through telephone interviews with EMS officials throughout the State. To provide a comparison, nine out-ofstate emergency services agencies were invited to participate.Results:Emergency medical services agencies from nine of the 23 counties (39%) provided responses to some or all of the questions in the telephone survey. Seven of the nine out-of-state agencies provided responses to the survey. Most of the EMS agencies do not have broad, formal plans for response to large-scale bio-terrorist or pandemic events.Conclusions:The findings indicate that EMS agencies in this state fundamentally are unprepared for a large-scale bioterrorism or pandemic event.The few existing plans rely heavily on mutual aid from agencies that may be incapable of providing such aid. Therefore, EMS agencies must be prepared to manage a response to these incidents without assistance from any agencies outside of their local community. In order to accomplish this, they must begin planning and develop close working relationships with public health, healthcare, and elected officials within their local communities.
Emergency Department Evaluations of Non-Percutaneous Blood or Body Fluid Exposures during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Merchant Roland C. , Katzen Jeremy B. , Mayer Kenneth H. , Becker Bruce M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:The demography of healthcare workers (HCWs) and non- HCWs seeking medical care at emergency departments after a non-percutaneous potential exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) duringcardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the types and body locations of their exposures, the time elapsed from exposure to emergency department presentation, and usage of HIV-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for these exposures are described.Methods:A retrospective study of emergency department patients who were exposed to blood or body fluids during CPR in Rhode Island from January 1995–June 2001 was performed.The demography, characteristics of the exposure, and HIV-PEP usage for these patients were compared, and the elapsed time from exposure to evaluation inthe emergency department was calculated.Results:Of the 39 patients exposed to non-percutaneous blood or body fluid during CPR, 22 were healthcareworkers (HCWs) and 17 were non-HCWs. Thirty-four patients sustained mucous membrane exposures. Most of the patients (69.2%) were exposed to saliva or sputum (p <0.001), experienced a mouth exposure (71.8%; p <0.0001) and presented to the emergency department within one day of their exposure (84.4%; p <0.0001).Three HCWs and no non-HCWs were offered HIV-PEP for their CPR exposure. Of the three HCWs offered PEP, two actually received it.Conclusions:Nearly half of the patients who presented with non-percutaneous exposures acquired during CPR were not HCWs. Most of the exposures were to saliva or sputum and occurred on their mucous membranes. Continuing education programs on maintaining universal precautions to prevent blood or body fluid exposures and appreciating the benign nature of most non-percutaneous exposures possible during CPR are needed.
Non-Governmental Organizational Health Operations in Humanitarian Crises: The Case for Technical Support Units
Authors: Greenough P. Gregg , Nazerali Rahim , Fink Sheri , VanRooyen Michael J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAs the humanitarian health response industry grows, there is a need for technical health expertise that can build an evidence base around outcome measures and raise the quality and accountability of the health relief response.We propose the formation of technical support units (TSUs), entities of health expertise institutionalized within humanitarian non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which will bridge the gap between the demand for evidencebased, humanitarian programming and the field capacity to accomplish it. With the input of major humanitarian NGOs and donors, this paper discusses the attributes and capacities of TSUs; and the mechanisms for creating and enhancing TSUs within the NGO management structure.
Advances in Monitoring Have Not Translated into Improvements in Humanitarian Health Services
Authors: Roberts Les 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground:This paper is an attempt to review the advances and shortfalls in data collection and use of health data that have occurred during health emergencies in recent decades for the opening session of the Humanitarian and Health Conference at Dartmouth University in September of 2006.Methods:Examples of various kinds of successes and failures associated with health data collection are given to highlight advances with an effort to emphasize multi-agency efforts reviewed by outside scholars.Results:Health data, particularly surveillance data, have allowed relief workers to set priorities for life-saving humanitarian programs. The main guidelines widely utilized such as those of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Médecins sans Frontières, and the Sphere Project have considerable similarity due to the consistency of data collected in various crises. Moreover, difficult to see problems and successes have been revealed by coherent surveillance efforts. Yet, these data collection efforts can not show significant improvements in the quality of humanitarian aid in recent years. Moreover, health data often do not appear to have meaningful influence on the prioritizing of relief resources globally or on those political issues that trigger emergencies.Conclusions:The field of humanitarian relief is relatively nascent. Methods for documenting basic health measures on the local level have been developed and general health priorities have been documented. Some technical improvements in monitoring still are needed but decision-making is most often limited by the lack of data rather than the problems with data. The ability of health data to influence spending global priorities, legal or political actions undertaken by international organizations, remains very limited.
Relationship between milk storage characteristics and the short-term response of dairy cows to thrice-daily milking
Authors: Dewhurst R. J. , Knight C. H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTwenty lactating dairy cows were used to investigate the relationship between the site of milk storage in the udder and the short-term response to thrice-daily milking. Cisternal and alveolar milk volumes were measured 8 h after an ordinary morning milking by catheter drainage and machine milking with oxytocin respectively. The response to thrice-daily milking was assessed using a half-udder technique and the relative milk yields quotient (RMYQ). Over the first 7 days, both halves were milked twice daily (8/16 h intervals) and milk yields over the final 4 days of this period were higher for left fore/right hind (LF/RH) (12·4 (s.e. 0·85) kg/day) than for RF/LH (10·5 (s.e. 0·63) kg/day) which was milked after LF/RH throughout the experiment. Over the following week, LF/RH quarters were milked an additional time (8/8/8 h intervals) and yields over the final 4 days were increased (15•7 (s.e. 0·95) kg/day) compared with control quarters (9·8 (s.e. 0·73) kg/day). In a final 4-day period, animals were milked twice daily and half udder yields were 13·1 (s.e. 0·89) kg/day and 10•6 (s.e. 0·77) kg/day respectively. Differences between yields from the two halves of the udders were highly significant in all 3 weeks of the experiment (P < 0·001). Cistern milk yield as a proportion of total milk yield at 8 h (cistern proportion) averaged 0·170 (s.e. = 0·0275; range 0·020 to 0·334) and tended to be greater for multiparous (0·215, s.e. 0·0279) than for primiparous animals (0·118, s.e. 0·0437; P = 0·076). During the periods of twice-daily milking, the proportion of milk yielded from LF/RH quarters was not significantly related to cistern proportion (P = 0·70 and 0·43 for weeks 1 and 3 respectively). However the response to thrice-daily milking, assessed as RMYQ, was significantly related to cistern proportion both when changing up to, and down from, thrice-daily milking (P < 0·01). Animals with low cistern proportions showed larger responses to thrice-daily milking. There was a significant relationship (P < 0·05) between the responses on changing up to, and down from, thrice-daily milking. Primiparous animals tended to exhibit smaller declines on returning to twice-daily milking than multiparous animals with equivalent responses to thrice-daily milking.
Influence of carboxylic salts on silage conservation, and voluntary intake and growth of steers given lucerne silage
Authors: Charmley E. , McQueen R. E. , Veira D. M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThree wilted silages (dry matter concentration of approximately 300 g/kg) were prepared from early-bloom lucerne which received no additive (MG-0), or was treated with a mixture of carboxylic salts (Maxgrass) at either 4 (MG-4) or 8 (MG-8) l/t fresh crop. Silages were stored in tower silos. Resulting silages were offeredad libitumto growing Holstein steers without supplementation. Untreated silage (MG-0) exhibited an extensive, predominantly lactic acid fermentation. The nitrogen (N) fraction was highly soluble, relative to the crop at ensiling. Silage fermentation and protein solublization were restricted by Maxgrass application. Maxgrass application reduced aerobic stability of silage removed from the upper third of silos but not of silage from the lower portion of silos. Apparent digestibility showed a quadratic response to level of Maxgrass application (P< 0·05). Voluntary intake was not affected by Maxgrass addition (P> 0·005) but intake of all silages was high (30 g/kg live weight (LW)). There was a positive linear response (P< 0·05) in LW gain to Maxgrass application with gains of 0·74, 0·86 and 0·87 kg/day being achieved in steers given MG-0, MG-4 and MG-8 silages, respectively. Degradability of silage N determined in nylon bags in situ was unaffected by Maxgrass application. However, the immediately degradable N fraction was reduced by Maxgrass application (linear effect,P< 0·001; quadratic effect,P< 0·05). Benefits in animal performance due to Maxgrass application were attributed to improved N composition while restricted carbohydrate fermentation during ensiling was considered to be of secondary importance.