bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinomas in High-Risk Transplant Recipients
Authors: Savoia Paola , Zavattaro Elisa , Cremona Ottavio 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Long-term immunosuppressive therapy, as provided to solid organ
transplant recipients, inevitably results in a significant inhibition of immune defenses; this
leads to frequent skin infections and malignancies, which represent an important cause of
morbidity and mortality for transplanted patients. The incidence and risk of skin carcinomas
are elevated in solid organ transplant recipients in comparison with the general population,
with a 10-fold increased risk for basal cell carcinoma and a 50-100-fold for squamous cell
carcinoma. The schedule of immunosuppressive drugs influences the type and timing of skin
malignancies, but a crucial role is also played by endogenous and exogenous risk factors.

Methods & Results:

Here, we will review the state-of-the-art in chemoprevention of epidermal
carcinomas in order to provide useful information for clinicians involved in the management
of transplant recipients. One-hundred and forteen paper, published on peerreviewed
journals, has been included.

Conclusion:
Chemoprevention would be key in controlling skin carcinogenesis in high-risk
patients.
Circulating MicroRNAs: Valuable Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Shekari Najibeh , Baradaran Behzad , Shanehbandi Dariush , Kazemi Tohid 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Gastric cancer is a malignancy with high mortality rate worldwide.
Poor clinical symptoms, unfavorable prognosis and absence of proper diagnostic
techniques for early detection cause death in many patients. Presence of new sensitive and
specific biomarkers for early detection and progression of GC could lead to reduction in
the mortality rate. In addition to intracellular miRNAs, circulating miRNAs reflect the
state of cancer progression and might be potential biomarkers for rapid detection and also
therapy in GC.

Objective:
After giving a brief explanation about circulating miRNAs and their various
types, we then reviewed comprehensively the last studies which investigated circulating
miRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in GC.

Methods:
Research and review articles in PubMed and Scopus databases were summarized.
Keywords mainly used were in related to circulating miRNAs and their diagnostic
and prognostic value in gastric cancer. Among the numerous circulating miRNAs a comparison
was made based on their repeatability, specificity and sensitivity.

Results:
Comparisons indicated high diagnostic value of circulating miRNAs in comparison
with other detection methods based on their high sensitivity and specificity. There
was also a relation between altered expression level of large number of circulating miRNAs
and clinicopathological factors and also response to therapy in GC.

Conclusion:
Several advantages of circulating miRNAs as detection biomarker have led
to extensive studies and significant advances. Altered expression pattern of circulating
miRNAs have correlation with pathological status of GC tissues and their exclusive features
make them ideal early diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for GC.
Aptamer Oligonucleotides as Potential Therapeutics in Hematologic Diseases
Authors: Li Weibin , Zhao Meng , Yan Huihui , Wang Kaiyu , lan XIaopeng 
Published: October 2017

:Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides generated by a novel in vitro selection technique termed Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). During the past two decades, various aptamer drugs have been developed and many of them have entered into clinical trials.:In the present review, we focus on aptamers as potential therapeutics for hematological diseases, including anemia of chronic inflammation (ACI) and anemia of chronic disease (ACD), hemophilia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) or VWD type-2B, and sickle cell disease (SCD), in particular, those that have entered into clinical trials
Need and scope for agroforestry in Disaster Management Plan for Animals.
Authors: S. Suresh Ramanan , T.K. Kunhamu 
Published: October 2017

Disaster causes threat to life and property. Management and mitigation measures have been primarily focused around human life. Technically, the post disaster management is centered on reviving the livelihood and often the poor and vulnerable sections of the society are affected much. Apart from agricultural farming, livestock rearing is major source of livelihood of farmers. With nearly 70% of the livestock owned by the marginal farmers, any disaster that cause a loss in livestock do affect these dependent people. Considering this reality, Government of India instituted “National Disaster Management Plan for Animals (DMP)”. The entire DMP has been forged to provide guidance for the wellbeing of animals that got entangled in disaster in form of pre-disaster preparedness, disaster response and post disaster plan. In this context, ensuring adequate quantity of quality fodder and vital veterinary care assumes primary concern in post disaster response. In this context agroforestry, tree fodder assumes greater significance owing to their round-the-year availability and quality of fodder. There are many fodder based agroforestry systems that can withstands and maintain reasonable productivity even during extremes disaster situations like floods, drought and cyclones. A classical success model is the Acacia leucophloea and Prosopis cineraria based silvopastoral models for fodder production in arid and semi-arid regions and ngitili as a silvopastoral practice of Tanzania to evade the drought. Similarly, in flood condition trees are the only means for green fodder supply. Studies need to be initiated on the planning, implementation and management strategies to be followed for optimizing the productivity and quality of fodder through community involvement. Hence the information gap has to be suitability filled though proper research as well as extension through interdisciplinary approach. So that agroforestry based livestock management strategies can incorporated into DMP, so that not only protecting our precious livestock wealth and also to ensure the livelihood security of millions of marginal farmers. Agroforestry is potential approach for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and help to mitigate the extremes of perceived disaster and incorporating agroforestry will a bottom to top approach.
Burning the Grassroots: Chen Boda and the Four Cleanups in Suburban Tianjin
Authors: Brown Jeremy 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Chen Boda's four cleanups model in Xiaozhan, a marshy area southeast of Tianjin, was as important as Wang Guangmei's Taoyuan brigade in 1964, but is less well known. As Chairman Mao's top theorist and the editor of Red Flag, Chen Boda enjoyed support from Mao and Liu Shaoqi as he uncovered evidence of 'revisionism' in Tianjin's south suburbs. Chen's claims led to a witch-hunt that killed tens of people and tortured and imprisoned many others. Beyond Tianjin, the 'Xiaozhan experience' was promoted as a successful 'power seizure' in a central document circulated nationwide in October 1964. The document pushed the socialist education movement in a more radical direction, causing the downfall of rural cadres across China. This article draws upon archival sources, memoirs, and interviews to detail Chen Boda's contentious interactions with Tianjin officials and suburban villagers. Chen allowed the four cleanups to turn brutal in Xiaozhan, and his vision of a rural China dominated by class enemies differed from what work team members experienced. Ironically, in order to keep the Xiaozhan experience from falling apart, Chen had to resort to methods similar to those used by the village cadres he had recently overthrown. Chen Boda's meddling in Xiaozhan reveals considerable diversity—and indeed, confusion—in how top leaders interpreted and carried out Mao's shifting plans for the countryside during the four cleanups. This confusion led to disastrous outcomes for rural residents.
National Policy and Identity under the Soviet Authorities in Uzbekistan in the 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Pasilov Bahodir 
Published: October 2017

This article addresses the national policy of Soviet authorities in Uzbekistan
in the 1920s and 1930s. It also studies the 'consolidation' of different tribes and ethnic groups in the process of establishing the national socialist republics and forming the 'socialist' nations and peoples within the framework of these states. The Soviet power considered the 'consolidation' of different tribes and ethnic groups as an important step in the construction of national socialist states. Certain tribes such as kipchaks, kurama, kongrats, mangits and others disappeared as a consequence of such consolidation. This article discusses how the national identification of 'socialist nations' was carried out by the introduction of 'socialist values' in the culture and life of local populations, different ethnic groups and tribes, which resulted in the dilution of self-identification as well.
Diasporic Discourse Online: Imagining the Homeland in Cyberspace
Authors: Giger Reggy Capacio 
Published: October 2017

Nations can be seen as constructed and maintained by technological innovations. The eminent scholar Benedict Anderson underscored this as he noted the case of the Philippines' nation building process through print capitalism. Starting with Jose Rizal's novels written in Europe, there seems to be a phenomenon of imagining the homeland from the outside, something that has become a common exercise with globalization and its myriad results, such as diaspora and transnationalism. With the coming of technologies associated with the global exchange of locals, Filipino migrants have become more interactive. The Internet has become the ultimate medium through which the sense of community has been projected and re-articulated across time and space. This article explores
the use of the Internet as a tool for virtual construction and imagination of the homeland and describes how Filipino migrants de/construct their homeland by comparing and contrasting it with the host nation, without necessarily compromising national myths and symbols.
Lived Cosmologies and Objectified Commodities: Reinventing the Traditional Art of India in a World of Cultural Tourism
Authors: Parker Samuel K. 
Published: October 2017

This essay examines how the significance of ancient South Asian monuments is transformed when reframed by the practices of cultural tourism, which are grounded in the values of a modern, globalizing, economic cosmology. Ethnographic evidence collected on a visit to the archaeological park and museum at Sarnath, site of the Buddha's first discourse and home to some of the most celebrated masterpieces of ancient Indian sculpture, are here analyzed to support and illustrate a broader, social-constructivist argument about the representation of reality in Indian visual culture. I will argue that the version of 'reality' presupposed by modern economic practices, such as tourism, works to
objectify ancient South Asian forms and meanings, previously precipitated out of older living practices, into reified, collectable entities. Such objects and their objectified meanings further contribute toward naturalizing and universalizing economically grounded projects of self-construction among the practitioners of an economic worldview, wherein the self is shaped by routines of production and consumption: I am what I do for a living and I am the goods—including here, the touristic experiences—that I collect. It is this economic cosmology that moves to the foreground when ancient Indian 'art' is re-presented and consumed in the form of tourism products. Meanwhile the cosmology of dharma is pushed into the background. I hope to persuade the reader that the 'cost' of doing this is too high to justify the narrow economic benefits.
China's Trade in Steel Products: Evolution of Policy Goals and Instruments
Authors: In der Heiden Peter Thomas 
Published: October 2017

There is a growing consensus in development economics suggesting that successful economic policies feature a combination or succession of inward- and outward-oriented strategies. This article asks whether the Chinese government
is pursuing such a mixed approach, which seeks to both harness opportunities from increased trade and investment and, at the same time, promote the development of domestic industries as well as import substitution. Following
China's World Trade Organization accession, most export promotion measures became illegal. Policy makers were thus deprived of an effective tool for steering the international business activities of firms through administering
incentive and control mechanisms. Their goal of promoting structural change in industries crippled by large overcapacity, low technology levels and low concentration ratios, was thus greatly complicated. Using the steel industry as an example, the article suggests that differentiated export steering continues to exist. It then goes on to ask under what conditions, in what ways and to what extent authorities are acting to harmonize firms' export behaviour with their long-term industrial development conceptions. The article finds
that trade policy is not only product sensitive but dependent on technological sophistication, with high-tech products enjoying more favourable treatment.
12 Years of Repair of Amalgam and Composite Resins: A Clinical Study
Authors: Estay J , Martín J , Viera V , Valdivieso J , Bersezio C , Vildosola P , Mjor IA , Andrade MF , Moraes RR , Moncada G , Gordan VV , Fernández E 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARY

Objective:
The objective of this study was to clinically evaluate repaired posterior amalgam and composite restorations over a 12 year period, investigate the influence of repair in the survival of restorations, and compare their behavior with respect to controls.

Methods:
Thirty-four patients, 18 to 80 years of age with 167 restorations, 67 composite resin (RC), and 100 amalgam (AM) restorations, participated. Restorations with localized, marginal, anatomical deficiencies and/or secondary caries, and “clinically judged” suitable for repair or replacement according to US Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria, were randomly assigned to four groups: repair (n=35, 20 AM, 15 RC), replacement (n=43, 21 AM, 22 RC), positive control (n=71, 49 AM, 22 RC), or negative control (n=18, 10 AM, 8 RC). The quality of the restorations was blind scored according to the modified USPHS criteria. Two examiners scored them at initial status (κ=0.74) and after one to five, 10, and 12 years (κ=0.88). Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests provided for comparisons within the same group and between years, respectively.

Results:
p ≥0.05). Better behavior in roughness was observed in replaced RC ( p =0.049).After 12 years, all groups behaved similarly in marginal adaptation, marginal stain, teeth sensitivity, anatomic form, and luster (

Conclusions:
Given that most clinical parameters investigated were similar between all groups during the follow-up, the repair of RC and AM restorations is a good clinical option because it is minimally invasive and can consistently increase the longevity of restorations.
Effect of Light Activation of Pulp-Capping Materials and Resin Composite on Dentin Deformation and the Pulp Temperature Change
Authors: Soares CJ , Ferreira MS , Bicalho AA , de Paula Rodrigues M , Braga SSL , Versluis A 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARY

Objectives:
To analyze the effect of pulp-capping materials and resin composite light activation on strain and temperature development in the pulp and on the interfacial integrity at the pulpal floor/pulp-capping materials in large molar class II cavities.

Methods:
Forty extracted molars received large mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity bur preparation with 1.0 mm of dentin remaining at the pulp floor. Four pulp-capping materials (self-etching adhesive system, Clearfil SE Bond [CLE], Kuraray), two light-curing calcium hydroxide cements (BioCal [BIO], Biodinâmica, and Ultra-Blend Plus [ULT], Ultradent), and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement– (Vitrebond [VIT], 3M ESPE) were applied on the pulpal floor. The cavities were incrementally restored with resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE). Thermocouple (n=10) and strain gauge (n=10) were placed inside the pulp chamber in contact with the top of the pulpal floor to detect temperature changes and dentin strain during light curing of the pulp-capping materials and during resin composite restoration. Exotherm was calculated by subtracting postcure from polymerization temperature (n=10). Interface integrity at the pulpal floor was investigated using micro-CT (SkyScan 1272, Bruker). The degree of cure of capping materials was calculated using the Fourier transform infrared and attenuated total reflectance cell. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (α=0.05).

Results:
Pulpal dentin strains (μs) during light curing of CLE were higher than for other pulp-capping materials (p&lt;0.001). During resin composite light activation, the pulpal dentin strain increased for ULT, VIT, and CLE and decreased for BIO. The pulpal dentin strain was significantly higher during pulp-capping light activation. The temperature inside the pulp chamber increased approximately 3.5°C after light curing the pulp-capping materials and approximately 2.1°C after final restoration. Pulp-capping material type had no influence temperature increase. The micro-CT showed perfect interfacial integrity after restoration for CLE and ULT; however, gaps were found between BIO and pulpal floor in all specimens. BIO had a significantly lower degree of conversion than ULT, VIT, and CLE.

Conclusions:
Light curing of pulp-capping materials caused deformation of pulpal dentin and increased pulpal temperature in large MOD cavities. Shrinkage of the resin composite restoration caused debonding of BIO from the pulpal floor.
Effect of Vital Tooth Bleaching on Surface Roughness and Streptococcal Biofilm Formation on Direct Tooth-Colored Restorative Materials
Authors: Wongpraparatana I , Matangkasombut O , Thanyasrisung P , Panich M 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARY

Objective:
To compare the effect of simulated bleaching with a 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) or a 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) system on surface roughness of resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI) and streptococcal biofilm formation on these surfaces.

Methods and Materials:
Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sanguinis , and trypticase soy broth control for 24 hours. Biofilm formation was quantified by crystal violet staining, and the structure was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The differences between the mean changes in Ra between the 10% CP and 40% HP groups of each material were evaluated with an independent t -test. The quantity of biofilm formation on each material was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance with the post hoc Tukey test ( α =0.05).Specimens of nanofilled resin composite and RMGI (n=108 each) were randomly divided into three groups (n=36 each): no treatment control, 10% CP, and 40% HP. The surface roughness values (Ra) were measured before and after treatments. The specimens in each group were randomly divided into three subgroups (n=12) and incubated with

Results:
S. mutans biofilm formation, bleaching with 10% CP and 40% HP increased biofilm on both materials compared to controls. However, S. sanguinis biofilm formation was significantly higher on bleached resin composite but not on RMGI specimens.Surface roughness significantly increased after bleaching in all groups. There was no significant difference between the 10% CP and 40% HP groups of each material. For

Conclusions:
S. sanguinis biofilm on RMGI.Simulated bleaching with 10% CP or 40% HP increased both surface roughness and biofilm formation on resin composite and RMGI, except for
A Clinical Study on the Effect of Injection Sites on Efficacy of Anesthesia and Pulpal Blood Flow in Carious Teeth
Authors: Zheng QH , Hong QC , Zhang L , Ye L , Huang DM 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARY
This randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficiency of maxillary infiltration anesthesia in carious teeth at two different injection sites and their impact on the laser Doppler recordings of pulpal blood flow (PBF) during a caries excavation procedure. The null hypothesis tested was that there are no differences in the efficiency of anesthesia and PBF reduction between maxillary infiltrations at the two injection sites. One hundred twenty patients were divided into three groups according to the degree of carious lesion of their maxillary left central incisors (moderate caries, deep caries, or no caries). Forty patients in each group randomly received infiltrations over the root apex of maxillary left central incisors (site X) or over the midpoint of the line connecting the root apexes of both maxillary left central and lateral incisors (site Y) using 0.9 mL 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline. Teeth were pulp tested at five-minute intervals after injection except for the period of cavity cutting, which was done 12 minutes after injection. The PBF changes after injection were monitored by laser Doppler flowmetry. The observation period in this study was 60 minutes. Success of anesthesia was defined as no or mild pain on cavity cutting by visual analog scale recordings. Deep caries group showed significantly higher baseline PBF ( p &lt;0.05). All groups showed 100% success of anesthesia and similar duration time ( p &gt;0.05). Subgroups that had the injection at site Y showed significantly less reduction of PBF ( p &lt;0.05). Cavity-cutting procedures increased the amplitude of the PBF around the lowest value after injection. Independent of the cavity depth, carious anterior teeth anesthetized by infiltration further from the apex had significantly less reduction on the pulpal blood flow compared with teeth anesthetized by infiltration at the apex.