bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Measurement Repeatability and Reliability With Virtual Touch Tissue Quantification Imaging in Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Park Ji Eun , Choi Young Jun , Lee Seung Soo , Lee Jeong Hyun , Baek Jung Hwan 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the repeatability and reliability of 2 measurements of cervical lymphadenopathy using Virtual Touch tissue quantification (VTQ) imaging (Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA) and to analyze the factors affecting the reliability of the measurements, including pathologic findings, lesion size and location, and shear wave velocities (SWVs).MethodsIn this Institutional Review Board–approved prospective study, 92 patients underwent conventional sonography and 2 VTQ measurements by acoustic radiation force impulse imaging in a single session. The repeatability and reliability of the SWV measurement was determined by using an average coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. By comparing ICCs with a 95% confidence interval, the effects of pathologic findings, depth, size, SWV, and distance from the carotid artery on reliability were assessed.ResultsThe mean age of the 92 patients included in the study was 51 years (range, 14–77 years). The average coefficient of variation was 19.4%. The overall reliability of the 2 measurements was excellent (ICC, 0.837), but ICCs were significantly decreased in lymph nodes in a superficial location (<1 cm) and those with a low SWV (<1.8 m/s). No significant effect was found on reliability in relation to pathologic findings, lesion size, or distance from the carotid artery to the lymph nodes.ConclusionsFor SWV measurement by VTQ imaging, the repeatability was 19.4%, and reliability was excellent. However, caution is warranted in the use of VTQ imaging for superficial soft cervical lymph nodes, as both a superficial location and a soft composition tend to be characterized by low reliability of SWV findings.
Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced Sonography and Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Preoperative Diagnosis of Infected Nonunions
Authors: Fischer Christian , Preuβ Eva-Maria , Tanner Michael , Bruckner Thomas , Krix Martin , Amarteifio Erick , Miska Matthias , Moghaddam-Alvandi Arash , Schmidmaier Gerhard , Weber Marc-André 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesBone regeneration depends on perfusion of the fracture tissue, whereby hypervascularity is associated with infection, which itself causes nonunions. To date, nonunion perfusion has not been assessed with contrast‐enhanced sonography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of contrast‐enhanced sonography in the analysis of nonunion tissue perfusion.MethodsNonunion vascularity of 31 patients before revision surgery was prospectively examined with qualitative contrast‐enhanced sonography and dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Time‐intensity curves from 2‐minute contrast‐enhanced sonographic video clips were generated, and parameters such as wash‐in rate, rise time, and peak enhancement were quantified. On dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI, the initial area under the enhancement curve was quantified. Preoperative radiographs, computed tomograms, the clinical nonunion score, laboratory infection features, as well as contrast‐enhanced sonographic and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI perfusion were correlated with microbiological results from the nonunion tissue.ResultsBoth qualitative and quantitative contrast‐enhanced sonography showed significant differences between infected and aseptic nonunions (P = .015 and .020). The qualitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI analysis was not significant (P= .244), but after quantification, a strong correlation (P = .007) with microbiological results was noted. A receiver operating characteristic analysis calculated ideal cutoff values for quantitative contrast‐enhanced sonography and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI so that their combination detected infected nonunions with sensitivity and specificity of 88.9% and 77.3%, respectively. Clinical, radiologic, and laboratory examinations did not correlate with microbiological results (P > .05).ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced sonography can visualize the vascularity of nonunions in real time, while quantification software allows for a semiobjective evaluation of bone perfusion. The correlations of both quantitative contrast‐enhanced sonography and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI with microbiological results show their high value for differentiation of infected from aseptic nonunions.
Uterine Arcuate Artery Calcification on Transvaginal Sonography May Correlate With Known Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ozdemir Mucize , Uzun Isil , Ozel Aysegul , Cakar Hatice , İnan Cihan , Yazicioglu Fehmi 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesUterine arcuate artery calcification is an incidental finding on transvaginal sonography. We conducted this study to evaluate the clinical importance of arcuate artery calcification and its association with the serum lipid profile and carotid artery atherosclerosis.MethodsSerum lipid profiles, carotid artery intima thicknesses, and Doppler parameters of uterine arteries were examined in 25 patients with uterine arcuate artery calcification and 25 control participants. The parameters were compared between the groups.ResultsThe mean pulsatility indices, mean resistive indices, and systolic‐to‐diastolic ratios of the right and the left uterine arteries were significantly higher in the calcification group (P< .01). Serum total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher, whereas the serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly lower in patients with uterine arcuate artery calcification than controls (P < .01). Right and left common carotid artery intima thicknesses were also significantly higher in the calcification group (P < .01).ConclusionsUterine arcuate artery calcification is an incidental finding on transvaginal and transabdominal pelvic sonography, and it is correlated with an abnormal lipid profile and increased thicknesses of the intimal layers of the carotid arteries. We suggest that an incidental finding of arcuate artery calcification during vaginal sonography is a reason to screen for generalized atherosclerosis and related disorders.
Variation of Jupiter's aurora observed by Hisaki/EXCEED: 1. Observed characteristics of the auroral electron energies compared with observations performed using HST/STIS
Authors: Tao Chihiro , Kimura Tomoki , Badman Sarah V. , Murakami Go , Yoshioka Kazuo , Tsuchiya Fuminori , André Nicolas , Yoshikawa Ichiro , Yamazaki Atsushi , Shiota Daikou , Tadokoro Hiroyasu , Fujimoto Masaki 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTemporal variation of Jupiter's northern aurora is detected using the Extreme Ultraviolet Spectroscope for Exospheric Dynamics (EXCEED) on board JAXA's Earth‐orbiting planetary space telescope Hisaki. The wavelength coverage of EXCEED includes the H2 Lyman and Werner bands at 80–148 nm from the entire northern polar region. The prominent periodic modulation of the observed emission corresponds to the rotation of Jupiter's main auroral oval through the aperture, with additional superposed −50%–100% temporal variations. The hydrocarbon color ratio (CR) adopted for the wavelength range of EXCEED is defined as the ratio of the emission intensity in the long wavelength range of 138.5–144.8 nm to that in the short wavelength range of 126.3–130 nm. This CR varies with the planetary rotation phase. Short‐ (within one planetary rotation) and long‐term (> one planetary rotation) enhancements of the auroral power are observed in both wavelength ranges and result in a small CR variation. The occurrence timing of the auroral power enhancement does not clearly depend on the central meridian longitude. Despite the limitations of the wavelength coverage and the large field of view of the observation, the auroral spectra and CR‐brightness distribution measured using EXCEED are consistent with other observations.
Characterization of cumulus cloud fields using trajectories in the center of gravity versus water mass phase space: 2. Aerosol effects on warm convective clouds
Authors: Heiblum Reuven H. , Altaratz Orit , Koren Ilan , Feingold Graham , Kostinski Alexander B. , Khain Alexander P. , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Fredj Erick , Dagan Guy , Pinto Lital , Yaish Ricki , Chen Qian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn Part I of this work a 3‐D cloud tracking algorithm and phase space of center of gravity altitude versus cloud liquid water mass (CvM space) were introduced and described in detail. We showed how new physical insight can be gained by following cloud trajectories in the CvM space. Here this approach is used to investigate aerosol effects on cloud fields of warm cumuli. We show a clear effect of the aerosol loading on the shape and size of CvM clusters. We also find fundamental differences in the CvM space between simulations using bin versus bulk microphysical schemes, with the bin scheme precipitation expressing much higher sensitivity to changes in aerosol concentrations. Using the bin microphysical scheme, we find that the increase in cloud center of gravity altitude with increase in aerosol concentrations occurs for a wide range of cloud sizes. This is attributed to reduced sedimentation, increased buoyancy and vertical velocities, and increased environmental instability, all of which are tightly coupled to inhibition of precipitation processes and subsequent feedbacks of clouds on their environment. Many of the physical processes shown here are consistent with processes typically associated with cloud invigoration.
Creep and locking of a low‐angle normal fault: Insights from the Altotiberina fault in the Northern Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Anderlini L. , Serpelloni E. , Belardinelli M. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWhile low‐angle normal faults have been recognized worldwide from geological studies, whether these structures are active or capable of generating big earthquakes is still debated. We provide new constraints on the role and modes of the Altotiberina fault (ATF) in accommodating extension in the Northern Apennines. We model GPS velocities to study block kinematics, faults slip rates and interseismic coupling of the ATF, which is active and accounts, with its antithetic fault, for a large part of the observed chain normal 3 mm/yr tectonic extension. A wide portion of the ATF creeps at the long‐term slip rate (1.7 ± 0.3 mm/yr), but the shallow locked portions are compatible with M > 6.5 earthquakes. We suggest that positive stress accumulation due to ATF creep is most likely released by more favorable oriented splay faults, whose rupture may propagate downdip along low‐angle normal fault surface and reduce the probability of occurrence of a seismic rupture of the shallower locked portion.
Suffrage
Authors: Halsaa Beatrice 
Published: April 2016

The entry briefly discusses these issues: Why did women's suffrage movements emerge? When was suffrage introduced? Suffrage as a transnational movement. Suffrage as a dividing issue. How did women (and men) argue during the campaigns? Why has suffrage taken so long? Challenges ahead.
Popular sovereignty means that the people should be the sovereign author of the laws to which they are subject. In representative democracies, the voice of the people is expressed through political elections. Suffrage – the right to vote – is the privilege of full citizens, but the boundaries of citizenship are contested. Legal capacity, full age, income, race, and sex are examples of issues in the struggle for democracy. This entry discusses the struggle for women's right to vote.
Photoluminescence properties of LiTi2 − xEux(PO4)3 phosphor
Authors: Ramaraghavulu R. , Naresh V. , Eswaraiah V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA solid‐state reaction route‐based LiTi2 − xEux(PO4)3 was phosphor synthesized for the first time to evaluate its luminescence performance by excitation, emission and lifetime (τ) measurements. The LiTi2 − xEux(PO4)3 phosphor was excited at λexci. = 397 nm to give an intense orange–red (597 nm) emission attributed to the 5D0 → 7F1 magnetic dipole (ΔJ = ±1) transition and red (616 nm) emission (5D0 → 7F2), which is an electric dipole (ΔJ = ±2) transition of the Eu3+ ion. Beside this, excitation and emission spectra of host LiTi2(PO4)3 powder were also reported. The effect of Eu3+ concentration on luminescence characteristics was explained from emission and lifetime profiles. Concentration quenching in the LiTi2 − xEux(PO4)3 phosphor was studied from the Dexter's model. Dipole–quadrupole interaction is found to be responsible for energy transfer among Eu3+ ions in the host lattice. The LiTi2 − xEux(PO4)3 phosphor displayed a reddish‐orange colour realized from a CIE chromaticity diagram. We therefore suggest that this new phosphor could be used as an optical material of technological importance in the field of display devices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards a cooperative learning approach using intelligence based learners grouping
Authors: Chikh Azeddine , Hank Saida 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTGrouping learners in cooperative learning can help interaction and discussion among learners. However two main problems must be settled so as to group learners. The first is how to build the learner model, which describes the attributes of learners. The second is which technique would be appropriate for learners grouping according to the selected learner model. This paper aims to propose a novel cooperative learning approach using a multiple‐intelligence based learners grouping technique. This contribution is three folds: (1) a conceptual model of learners' intelligence, (2) a pre‐learning process that aims at: (a) acquiring knowledge of individual learners' intelligence according to the conceptual model of learners' intelligence; (b) grouping the learners into balanced groups based on this intelligence; and (c) calculating knowledge of collective intelligence, useful for cooperative learning during the learning process, and (3) a framework architecture, in order to support the new cooperative learning approach and demonstrate its feasibility. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:639–650, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21739
ChemInform Abstract: VANADIUM CATALYZED POLAROGRAPHIC REDUCTION OF BROMATE
Authors: RAO V. S. , RAO S. B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie polarographische Reduktion von BrO3‐ zu Br‐ wird an einer Hg‐Tropfelektrode gemäß dem Mechanismus A durch die Reduktion von V(V) zu V(IV) katalysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND CHEMISTRY OF THE B9H12SE‐ AND B9H12TE‐ IONS
Authors: FRIESEN G. D. , KUMP R. L. , TODD L. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUmsetzungen wäßriger Polyselenid‐ bzw. ‐tellurid‐Lösungen mit dem Ligandenkomplex (I) liefern die Titelionen (III), die als M4N‐Salze isoliert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DECASELENIUM BIS(HEXAFLUOROARSENATE), DECASELENIUM BIS(HEXAFLUOROANTIMONATE), AND DECASELENIUM BIS(TETRACHLOROALUMINATE) AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF DECASELENIUM BIS(HEXAFLUOROANTIMONATE)
Authors: BURNS R. C. , CHAN W.‐L. , GILLESPIE R. J. , LUK W.‐C. , SAWYER J. F. , SLIM D. R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Darstellung von Se",(MF6), mit M: As, Sb erfolgt durch Oxidation von Se mit AsFs bzw. SbFS in SO, (Gleichung A).
ChemInform Abstract: GAS‐PHASE CHEMISTRY OF TITANIUM(1+) WITH HALOMETHANES, ALKYL CHLORIDES, CHLOROETHYLENES, AND CHLOROBENZENE
Authors: UPPAL J. S. , STALEY R. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Chemie des durch Verdampfung und Ionisation mit einem gepulsten Laser aus Ti‐Metall erzeugten Ti"‐Ions wird mit Hilfe der Cyclotronresonanzspektroskopie untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: TERNARY SODIUM PHASES WITH CADMIUM OR MERCURY AND TIN OR LEAD
Authors: MATTHES R. , SCHUSTER H.‐U. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie 4 ternären Phasen (I) werden aus Elementgemengen in Ta‐Fingertiegeln unter Ar (Quarzglasampullen) bei Temp. zwischen 350 und 600°C dargestellt und röntgenographisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW, CONVENIENT, AND EFFICIENT ROUTE TO DIMOLYBDENUM(II) COMPOUNDS FROM MOLYBDENUM OXIDE (MOO3)
Authors: BINO A. , GIBSON D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEs wird zum ersten Mal ein einfacher Weg zur Umwandlung von MoO3 in [MoEMo]4 ‐Derivate mit Hilfe konventioneller Reduktionsmethoden in wäßrigen Medien beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF A COPPER NIOBIUM OXYFLUORIDE
Authors: KHAZAI B. , DWIGHT K. , KOSTINER E. , WOLD A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFluorierung von CuNb,O6 mit HF in 15% Hz/Ar als Trägergas bei 800°C (4 h) führt zu einem Oxidfluorid der Zusammensetzung (I), dessen Röntgen‐Pulveraufnahmen auf der Grund‐ lage orthorhombischer Symmetrie indiziert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: AN ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE STUDY OF THE ADDITION OF ALKOXYL AND SILOXYL RADICALS TO PYRROLYLPHOSPHINES
Authors: BABAN J. A. , ROBERTS B. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie bei der UV‐Bestrahlung der Pyrrolinophosphine (I) und (III) in Gegenwart von Diethyl‐, Di‐tert.‐butyl‐ oder Bis‐[trimethylsilyl]‐peroxid in Kohlenwasserstoff‐Lösungen gebildeten Pyrrolinophosphoranyl‐Radikale (II) und (IV) mit trigonal‐bipyramidalen Strukturen werden ESR‐spektroskopisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: CONTROL OF ENERGY DEPOSITION BY IMPACT PARAMETER IN POLYATOMIC ION COLLISIONS
Authors: HUBIK A. R. , HEMBERGER P. H. , LARAMEE J. A. , COOKS R. G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus der Veränderung der Stoßenergie in Verbindung mit dem Streuwinkel kann auf Energievorgänge bei Stößen zwischen Ionen und Neutralteilchen rückgeschlossen werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE AND SINGLET‐TRIPLET SEPARATION IN SIMPLE GERMYLENES GEH2, GEF2, AND GE(CH3)2
Authors: BARTHELAT J.‐C. , SAINT ROCH B. , TRINQUIER G. , SATGE J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie drei Verbindungen besitzen Singulett‐Grundzustände.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF PHENOLS AND ALCOHOLS OVER THORIA
Authors: KARUPPANNASAMY S. , NARAYANAN K. , PILLAI C. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUntersucht wird die Dehydratisierung (500°C) von o‐, m‐ und p‐Kresol sowie von Phenol + Alkohol (Ethanol, Propanol, Isopropanol) im Hinblick auf die neben den entsprechenden Ethern (Hauptprodukte) in geringer Menge entstehenden Xanthene.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERACTION BETWEEN NONCONJUGATED CHROMOPHORES. PART II. OPTICAL ACTIVITY IN REMOTELY PERTURBED EXOCYCLIC S‐CIS‐BUTADIENES. PREPARATION AND CIRCULAR DICHROISM AND ENANTIOMERICALLY PURE 5,6‐DIMETHYLIDENE‐2‐NORBORNYL DERIVATIVES
Authors: SONNEY J.‐M. , VOGEL P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Racemattrennung des racemischen′ exo‐Norbornanols (Ia) werden (+)‐(Ia) bzw. (‐)‐(Ia) gewonnen; (+)‐(Ia) wird a) in die Derivate (Ib) und (Ic) sowie in das Keton (II) übergeführt, dessen Reduktion das (+)‐endo‐Norbomanol (IIIa) [nachfolgende Überführung ins Acetat (IIIb) bzw. Brosylat (IIIc) ] liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF CHIRAL LITHIUM DIORGANOCOPPER REAGENTS, LIRR*CU, WITH α,β‐UNSATURATED ESTERS OF CHIRAL ALCOHOLS
Authors: GUSTAFSSON B. , HANSSON A.‐T. , ULLENIUS C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie konjugierte Addition von Organometall‐Reagenzien (II), (IV), (V), (VII) und (VIII) an verschiedene ungesättigte Ester (I) bzw. (VI) (dargestellt aus den entsprechenden Säuren und Alkoholen; 43‐84%) wird untersucht; nach der Hydrolyse wird jeweils die (R)‐ bzw. (S)‐konfigurierte Säure (III) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: THE STABILITY OF PARTIALLY METHYLATED METHYL α‐L‐ARABINOFURANOSIDES TOWARDS TRIFLUOROACETOLYSIS
Authors: FRANZEN L.‐E. , SVENSSON S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTeilweise methylierte α‐D‐Arabinofuranoside werden mit 1:1‐ bzw. 1:50‐Gemischen aus Trifluoressigsäure und seinem Anhydrid solvolysiert, de‐O‐tri‐ fluoracetyliert, mit NaBD4 reduziert und anschließend acetyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF HETEROAROMATIC SUBSTITUTED UREAS AND CHLOROFORMAMIDINES
Authors: RIED W. , CHRIST R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Addition der entsprechenden Amine an die (nicht isolierten) Isocyanate (II) und (V) (die durch Kondensation der Amin‐hydrochloride (I) mit Phosgen bzw. durch Curtius‐Abbau der Säureazide (IV) erhalten werden) werden die Harnstoffe (III) bzw. (VI) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: FRAGMENTATION REACTIONS OF YLIDES. 8. REACTION OF 2‐ALKYLOXAZIRIDINES WITH EPISULFIDE AND EVIDENCE FOR THE FORMATION OF THIONITROSOALKANES
Authors: HATA Y. , WATANABE M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Behandlung mit dem Oxaziridin (II) reagiert Cyclohexensulfid (I) zum Cyclohexen (III) und Benzaldehyd (IV) unter Eliminierung des Thionitrosomethans (V), das in Gegenwart von Butadien (VI) in Form des Addukts (VII) abgefangen werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF α‐DIAZO THIOESTERS: MIGRATORY APTITUDE OF SULFUR VS. OXYGEN IN THE PHOTOCHEMICAL WOLFF REARRANGEMENT
Authors: GEORGIAN V. , BOYER S. K. , EDWARDS B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMethoxycarbonyl‐acetylchlorid (I) liefert die Monothioloester (II), die mit Tosylazid (III) zu den Diazo‐Verbindungen (IV) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE HOMOALLYL‐CYCLOPROPYLCARBINYL CATION REARRANGEMENT IN THE SOLVOLYSES OF EXO‐ AND ENDO‐5‐NORBORNEN‐2‐YL P‐BROMOBENZENESULFONATES. APPLICATION OF DEUTERIUM NMR SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: BURGER U. , SONNEY J.‐M. , VOGEL P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Solvolyse des Brosylats (Ia) in Pyridin‐gepuffertem Trifluorethanol oder in CH3COOH/K‐acetat führt zu den bicyclischen und tricyclischen Derivaten (II) und (III) bzw. (IV) und (V) im Verhältnis 7:93 bzw. 7.5:92.5.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL AND THERMAL REARRANGEMENTS OF PROTONATED 2,3‐HOMOTROPONES
Authors: CHILDS R. F. , ROGERSON C. V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie durch Protonierung der Homotropone (I) bzw. (V) und (VI) erhaltenen Homotropylium‐Kationen (II) bzw. (VII) werden eingehend mittels 1H‐NMR bezüglich ihrer Struktur , der photochemischen Umlagerung zu isomeren Kationen wie (III) sowie verschiedener thermischer Umlagerungen zu weiteren isomeren, teilweise auch verbrückten Kationen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENTS OF THE CARBANIONS DERIVED FROM ALLYL BENZYL THIOETHER
Authors: BIELLMANN J. F. , DUCEP J. B. , SCHIRLIN D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie bei Metallierung der Al1y1thioether(I) bzw. (X) jeweils konkurrierend entstehenden Benzyl‐ und Allylcarbanionen reagieren im Fall Benzylcarbanion unter schneller, sigmatroper [2,3]Verschiebung, während die Allylcarbanionen verschiedenen Umlagerungen unterliegen.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVITY OF DIHALOCARBENES IN CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS
Authors: GIESE B. , LEE W.‐B. , MEISTER J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIm Konkurrenzsystem der Olefine (I) und (II) addieren sich die Dihalogencarbene (III) zu den Cyclopropanen (IV) (teilweise als Isomerengemische) und (V) so, daß die Selektivität der Carbene bei 293 K in der angegebenen Reihenfolge abnimmt, bei 360 Kgleich ist und bei 393 Kansteigt.
ChemInform Abstract: GASEOUS ANION CHEMISTRY. NEGATIVE CHEMICAL IONIZATION OF ACYL CHLORIDES, DIACYL CHLORIDES, AND PERFLUORODIACYL CHLORIDES
Authors: LLOYD J. R. , AGOSTA W. C. , FIELD F. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Acylhalogenide (I) bzw. (II) werden mit Hydroxylionen und Sauerstoffradikalen unter Ionisierung umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: NICKEL‐CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC ALKYLATION OF SOME CHIRAL AND ACHIRAL ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS. PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION
Authors: CONSIGLIO G. , MORANDINI F. , PICCOLO O. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie asymm. Alkylierung von chiralen und achiralen Allylalkoholen wir z.B. (I), (III), (V) und (VIII) mit Grignardreagenzien katalysiert durch den Ni‐Komplex NiClzL wird untersucht; beeinflussende Faktoren sowie ein Reaktionsmechanismus werden diskutiert.