bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Biomarkers in Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Fullerton Heather J. , deVeber Gabrielle A. , Hills Nancy K. , Dowling Michael M. , Fox Christine K. , Mackay Mark T. , Kirton Adam , Yager Jerome Y. , Bernard Timothy J. , Hod Eldad A. , Wintermark Max , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Benedict Susan L. , Friedman Neil R. , Lo Warren D. , Ichord Rebecca N. , Tan Marilyn A. , Hernandez-Chavez Marta I. , Humphreys Peter , Jordan Lori C. , Sultan Sally , Rivkin Michael J. , Rafay Mubeen F. , Titomanlio Luigi , Kovacevic Gordana S. , Amlie-Lefond Catherine , Dlamini Nomazulu , Condie John , Yeh Ann , Kneen Rachel , Bjornson Bruce , Pergami Paola , Zou Li Ping , Elbers Jorina M. , Abdalla Abdalla , Chan Anthony K. , Farooq Osman , Lim Mingming J. , Carpenter Jessica L. , Pavlakis Steven , Wong Virginia C. , Forsyth Robert 
Published: August 2016

Background and Purpose—
Among children with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), those with arteriopathy have the highest recurrence risk. We hypothesized that arteriopathy progression is an inflammatory process and that inflammatory biomarkers would predict recurrent AIS.

Methods—
In an international study of childhood AIS, we selected cases classified into 1 of the 3 most common childhood AIS causes: definite arteriopathic (n=103), cardioembolic (n=55), or idiopathic (n=78). We measured serum concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, myeloperoxidase, and tumor necrosis factor-α. We used linear regression to compare analyte concentrations across the subtypes and Cox proportional hazards models to determine predictors of recurrent AIS.

Results—
Median age at index stroke was 8.2 years (interquartile range, 3.6–14.3); serum samples were collected at median 5.5 days post stroke (interquartile range, 3–10 days). In adjusted models (including age, infarct volume, and time to sample collection) with idiopathic as the reference, the cardioembolic (but not arteriopathic) group had higher concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and myeloperoxidase, whereas both cardioembolic and arteriopathic groups had higher serum amyloid A. In the arteriopathic (but not cardioembolic) group, higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A predicted recurrent AIS. Children with progressive arteriopathies on follow-up imaging had higher recurrence rates, and a trend toward higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A, compared with children with stable or improved arteriopathies.

Conclusions—
Among children with AIS, specific inflammatory biomarkers correlate with cause and—in the arteriopathy group—risk of stroke recurrence. Interventions targeting inflammation should be considered for pediatric secondary stroke prevention trials.
Determinants in Adolescence of Stroke-Related Hospital Stay Duration in Men
Authors: Bergh Cecilia , Udumyan Ruzan , Appelros Peter , Fall Katja , Montgomery Scott 
Published: August 2016

Background and Purpose—
Physical and psychological characteristics in adolescence are associated with subsequent stroke risk. Our aim is to investigate their relevance to length of hospital stay and risk of second stroke.

Methods—
Swedish men born between 1952 and 1956 (n=237 879) were followed from 1987 to 2010 using information from population-based national registers. Stress resilience, body mass index, cognitive function, physical fitness, and blood pressure were measured at compulsory military conscription examinations in late adolescence. Joint Cox proportional hazards models estimated the associations of these characteristics with long compared with short duration of stroke-related hospital stay and with second stroke compared with first.

Results—
Some 3000 men were diagnosed with nonfatal stroke between ages 31 and 58 years. Low stress resilience, underweight, and higher systolic blood pressure (per 1-mm Hg increase) during adolescence were associated with longer hospital stay (compared with shorter) in ischemic stroke, with adjusted relative hazard ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of 1.46 (1.08–1.89), 1.41 (1.04–1.91), and 1.01 (1.00–1.02), respectively. Elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures during adolescence were associated with longer hospital stay in men with intracerebral hemorrhage: 1.01 (1.00–1.03) and 1.02 (1.00–1.04), respectively. Among both stroke types, obesity in adolescence conferred an increased risk of second stroke: 2.06 (1.21–3.45).

Conclusions—
Some characteristics relevant to length of stroke-related hospital stay and risk of second stroke are already present in adolescence. Early lifestyle influences are of importance not only to stroke risk by middle age but also to recurrence and use of healthcare resources among stroke survivors.
The 2013 HIV Continuum of Care in Tennessee
Authors: Wester Carolyn , Rebeiro Peter F. , Shavor Thomas J. , Shepherd Bryan E. , McGoy Shanell L. , Daley Benn , Morrison Melissa , Vermund Sten H. , Pettit April C. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives: We measured patient engagement in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continuum of care in Tennessee after implementation of enhanced surveillance activities to assess progress toward 2015 statewide goals. We also examined subgroup disparities to identify groups at risk for poor outcomes. Methods: We estimated linkage to care, retention in care, and viral suppression among HIV-infected people in Tennessee in 2013, overall and by subgroup, after implementation of enhanced laboratory reporting, address verification, and death-matching procedures. Results: Of 792 people newly diagnosed with HIV infection in 2013, 632 (79.8%) were linked to care, close to the 2015 goal of ≥80%. Of 15 473 people living and diagnosed with HIV infection before 2013, 8458 (54.7%) were retained in care, approaching the 2015 goal of ≥64.0%. A total of 8640 (55.8%) were virally suppressed, surpassing the 2015 goal of ≥51.0%. Compared with people living and diagnosed with HIV infection before 2013, newly diagnosed people were more likely to be younger, male, non-Hispanic black, and men who have sex with men (MSM). For linkage to care, retention in care, and viral suppression, younger and non-Hispanic black people fared worse, whereas females and those enrolled in the Ryan White program fared better. For retention in care and viral suppression, Hispanic people, injection drug users, and East Tennessee residents fared worse than those in Memphis, whereas MSM fared better. Nashville residents fared worse in retention in care than Memphis residents. Conclusion: Tennessee’s HIV continuum of care in 2013 showed progress toward 2015 goals. Future efforts to improve the HIV continuum of care should be directed toward vulnerable groups and regions, particularly young, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic people; injection drug users; and residents of the East Tennessee and Nashville regions.
Having an impact, making a difference: the Editor’s review of the first 30 years
Authors: Wade Derick T 
Published: August 2016

Objectives: To review publications in Clinical Rehabilitation over the last 30 years, discerning the original goals and whether they were met, and describing major trends over the 30 years. Methods: Personal review, backed up by data from ‘most read’ articles and ‘most cited’ articles, from yearly lists of all controlled trials published in the journal and other sources. Results: The original goals included making rehabilitation better understood both within and outside the speciality, and more scientific. The first goal is probably not achieved, but the scientific standard of publication is much higher and it routinely recommends the use of guidelines appropriate to the publication. The journal has established a pre-eminent position in publishing randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and articles on goal-setting. It has developed a series describing rehabilitation interventions. It aims to increase consideration of the theoretical basis of rehabilitation practices. We would like to think its impact has increased – but we cannot prove that! Conclusion: The journal has established some credentials as being a source of clinically relevant evidence and guidance across the whole field of rehabilitation and across most disabling conditions.
Comparing Trends Between Food Insecurity and Cigarette Smoking Among Adults in the United States, 1998 to 2011
Authors: Farrelly Matthew C. , Shafer Paul R. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that cigarette smoking is associated with higher rates and severity of food insecurity but do not address how population-level smoking rates change in response to changes in food security. Design: Trend analysis of serial cross-sectional data. Setting: Data from a representative survey of US households. Participants: Adults within households participating in both the Food Security Supplement and Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey during 5 overlapping administrations from 1998 to 2011. Measures: A “current smoker” is defined as someone who indicated that they currently smoke on “some days” or “every day.” A household’s food security is coded as “secure” or “insecure,” according to responses to a food security scale, interpreted using a US Department of Agriculture standard. Analysis: Descriptive comparison of the roughly triennial trends in the prevalence of food insecurity and current smoking from 1998 to 2011. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity increased by 30% among adults overall versus 54% among current smokers, with most of the changes occurring following the economic recession of 2008 and 2009. Over this same period, the prevalence of current smoking declined by 33% among food-secure adults and only 14% among food-insecure adults. Conclusion: Food insecurity increased more markedly among adult smokers than nonsmokers, and the prevalence of smoking declined more slowly in food-insecure households, indicating that more low-income smokers are facing hunger, which may at least partly be due to buying cigarettes.
Increased unfractionated heparin requirements with decreasing body mass index in pregnancy
Authors: Patil Avinash S , Clapp Tracy , Gaston Piyamas K , Kuhl David , Rinehart Eliza , Meyer Norman L 
Published: August 2016

Background Pregnant women receiving low-molecular-weight heparin for therapeutic anticoagulation are often converted to unfractionated heparin in anticipation of labor. We aim to characterize the impact of maternal body mass index on attainment of target anticoagulation during the conversion process. Methods We conducted a five-year retrospective study of a pregnancy cohort converted from low-molecular-weight heparin to unfractionated heparin in the third trimester. Patient demographics, anticoagulation regimens, and clinical outcomes were extracted from the medical record. Nonparametric statistical methods were used for analysis by body mass index (<30, 30–35, and >35). Results Thirty-one subjects were evenly distributed by body mass index ( p = 0.97). Linear regression revealed an inverse correlation between patient body mass index and unfractionated heparin dose needed to achieve therapeutic anticoagulation ( p = 0.04). Subjects with body mass index > 35 attained therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time levels at 18 U (Units)/kg/h, while subjects with body mass index < 30 required 25 U/kg/h ( p = 0.02). Conclusion Higher doses of unfractionated heparin are needed to achieve anticoagulation in patients with body mass index < 30 during pregnancy. This paradoxical relationship may be explained by physiologic characteristics that increase unfractionated heparin elimination, including diminished adiposity and increased renal clearance.
Efficacy and safety of aclidinium/formoterolversussalmeterol/fluticasone: a phase 3 COPD study
Authors: Vogelmeier Claus , Paggiaro Pier Luigi , Dorca Jordi , Sliwinski Pawel , Mallet Marcel , Kirsten Anne-Marie , Beier Jutta , Seoane Beatriz , Segarra Rosa Maria , Leselbaum Anne 
Published: August 2016

The efficacy and safety of twice-daily aclidinium bromide/formoterol fumarate was compared with that of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate in patients with stable, moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).AFFIRM COPD (Aclidinium and Formoterol Findings in Respiratory Medicine COPD) was a 24-week, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled study. Patients were randomised (1:1) to aclidinium/formoterol 400/12 µg twice-dailyviaGenuair/Pressair or salmeterol/fluticasone 50/500 µg twice-dailyviaAccuhaler. The primary end-point was peak forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at week 24. Other end-points included Transition Dyspnoea Index (TDI) focal score at week 24, TDI and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) responders, COPD Assessment Test and SGRQ scores, assessment of COPD symptoms and exacerbations, use of reliever medication, and device preference. Adverse events were monitored throughout.In total, 933 patients were eligible (mean age 63.4 years, 65.1% male). Aclidinium/formoterol was superior to salmeterol/fluticasone in peak FEV1and noninferior in TDI. Health status and reduction in exacerbation risk were similar in both groups. While both treatments were well tolerated, pneumonia occurred less frequently with aclidinium/formoterol than salmeterol/fluticasone.In stable COPD, aclidinium/formoterol significantly improved bronchodilationversussalmeterol/fluticasone, with equivalent benefits in symptom control and reduction in exacerbation risk. Both treatments were well tolerated and treatment-related adverse events were less common with aclidinium/formoterol.
Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis at a single centre
Authors: Raghu Ganesh , Morrow Ellen , Collins Bridget F. , Ho Lawrence A.T. , Hinojosa Marcelo W. , Hayes Jennifer M. , Spada Carolyn A. , Oelschlager Brant , Li Chenxiang , Yow Eric , Anstrom Kevin J. , Mart Dylan , Xiao Keliang , Pellegrini Carlos A. 
Published: August 2016

We sought to assess whether laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery (LARS) is associated with decreased rates of disease progression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).The study was a retrospective single-centre study of IPF patients with worsening symptoms and pulmonary function despite antacid treatment for abnormal acid gastro-oesophageal reflux. The period of exposure to LARS was September 1998 to December 2012. The primary end-point was a longitudinal change in forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted in the pre-versuspost-surgery periods.27 patients with progressive IPF underwent LARS. At time of surgery, the mean age was 65 years and mean FVC was 71.7% pred. Using a regression model, the estimated benefit of surgery in FVC % pred over 1 year was 5.7% (95% CI −0.9–12.2%, p=0.088) with estimated benefit in FVC of 0.22 L (95% CI −0.06–0.49 L, p=0.12). Mean DeMeester scores decreased from 42 to 4 (p<0.01). There were no deaths in the 90 days following surgery and 81.5% of participants were alive 2 years after surgery.Patients with IPF tolerated the LARS well. There were no statistically significant differences in rates of FVC decline pre- and post-LARS over 1 year; a possible trend toward stabilisation in observed FVC warrants prospective studies. The ongoing prospective randomised controlled trial will hopefully provide further insights regarding the safety and potential efficacy of LARS in IPF.
Predictive value of exhaled nitric oxide in the management of asthma: a systematic review
Authors: Lehtimäki Lauri , Csonka Péter , Mäkinen Eeva , Isojärvi Jaana , Hovi Sirpa-Liisa , Ahovuo-Saloranta Anneli 
Published: August 2016

The clinical value of measuring fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in asthma is not clear. We aimed to assess whetherFeNOcan reliably predict clinical outcomes in asthma treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). We also evaluated whether its predictive role is influenced by different inflammatory phenotypes of asthma.We conducted a systematic review focusing on five clinically relevant questions. Two authors independently screened search results, extracted data and assessed quality of the included studies. Data were synthesised by qualitative methods.12 prospective studies were included, answering partly three of the five questions. In steroid-naïve asthma, a highFeNOlevel probably predicts good response to ICS. In ICS-treated asthmatics, a lowFeNOlevel probably predicts low risk of exacerbation, and the patient is unlikely to benefit from increasing ICS dose. There were scarce data to conclude whetherFeNOpredicts exacerbations when ICS treatment is stopped in well-controlled asthma. Only one study reported results separately in different asthma phenotypes.The current evidence on the predictive value ofFeNOand its role in the management of asthma is incomplete. Future studies should focus on clinically meaningful questions and probably target only eosinophilic phenotypes whereFeNOis best associated with the activity of airway inflammation.
The emerging role of epigenetics in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Gamen Elisabetta , Seeger Werner , Pullamsetti Soni Savai 
Published: August 2016

Epigenetics is usually defined as the study of changes in phenotype and gene expression not related to sequence alterations, but rather the chemical modifications of DNA and of its associated chromatin proteins. These modifications can be acquiredde novo, being inherited, and represent the way in which genome and environment interact. Recent evidence points to the involvement of epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, as they can partly explain how environmental and lifestyle factors can impose susceptibility to pulmonary hypertension and can explain the phenotypic alteration and maintenance of the disease state.In this article, we review the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that are mediated by DNA methylation, the post-translational modifications of histone tails and noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. Furthermore, pharmacological interventions aimed at epigenetic regulators/modifiers and their outcomes in different cellular and preclinical rodent models are discussed. Lastly, the remaining challenges and future directions in which to explore epigenetic-based therapies in pulmonary hypertension are discussed.
β-Arrestin 1-dependent regulation of Rap2 is required for fMLP-stimulated chemotaxis in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells
Authors: Gera Nidhi , Swanson Kenneth D , Jin Tian 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
β-Arrestins have emerged as key regulators of cytoskeletal rearrangement that are required for directed cell migration. Whereas it is known that β-arrestins are required for formyl-Met-Leu-Phe receptor (FPR) recycling, less is known about their role in regulating FPR-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis. Here, we show that β-arrestin 1 (ArrB1) coaccumulated with F-actin within the leading edge of neutrophil-like HL-60 cells during chemotaxis, and its knockdown resulted in markedly reduced migration within fMLP gradients. The small GTPase Ras-related protein 2 (Rap2) was found to bind ArrB1 under resting conditions but dissociated upon fMLP stimulation. The FPR-dependent activation of Rap2 required ArrB1 but was independent of Gαi activity. Significantly, depletion of either ArrB1 or Rap2 resulted in reduced chemotaxis and defects in cellular repolarization within fMLP gradients. These data strongly suggest a model in which FPR is able to direct ArrB1 and other bound proteins that are required for lamellipodial extension to the leading edge in migrating neutrophils, thereby orientating and directing cell migration.
Longitudinal course of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: systematic review
Authors: van der Linde Rianne M. , Dening Tom , Stephan Blossom C. M. , Prina A. Matthew , Evans Elizabeth , Brayne Carol 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundMore information about the pattern of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in the course of dementia is needed to inform patients and clinicians and to design future interventions.AimsTo determine the persistence and incidence of BPSD and their relation to cognitive function, in individuals with dementia or in cohorts investigated for dementia onset.MethodA systematic literature review analysed the baseline prevalence, persistence and incidence of 11 symptoms. The review was conducted according to established guidelines with the exception that we could not exclude the possibilities of bias in the studies examined.ResultsThe 59 included studies showed considerable heterogeneity in their objectives and methods. The symptoms hyperactivity and apathy showed high persistence and incidence; depression and anxiety low or moderate persistence and moderate incidence; and psychotic symptoms low persistence with moderate or low incidence.ConclusionsDespite heterogeneity across studies in terms of setting, focus and length of follow-up, there were clinically relevant differences in the longitudinal courses of different BPSD. Apathy was the only symptom with high baseline prevalence, persistence and incidence during the course of dementia.
Exposure-based cognitive–behavioural therapy via the internet and as bibliotherapy for somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hedman Erik , Axelsson Erland , Andersson Erik , Lekander Mats , Ljótsson Brjánn 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundIn DSM-5 two new diagnoses, somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and illness anxiety disorder (IAD), have replaced DSM-IV hypochondriasis. There are no previous treatment studies for these disorders. Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) delivered as therapist-guided or unguided internet treatment or as unguided bibliotherapy could be used to increase treatment accessibility.AimsTo investigate the effect of CBT delivered as guided internet treatment (ICBT), unguided internet treatment (U-ICBT) and as unguided bibliotherapy.MethodA randomised controlled trial (RCT) where participants (n= 132) with a diagnosis of SSD or IAD were randomised to ICBT, U-ICBT, bibliotherapy or to a control condition on a waiting list (trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01966705).ResultsCompared with the control condition, all three treatment groups made large and significant improvements on the primary outcome Health Anxiety Inventory (between-groupdat post-treatment was 0.80–1.27).ConclusionsICBT, U-ICBT and bibliotherapy can be highly effective in the treatment of SSD and IAD. This is the first study showing that these new DSM-5 disorders can be effectively treated.
Sulfur utilization of corals is enhanced by endosymbiotic algae
Authors: Yuyama Ikuko , Higuchi Tomihiko , Takei Yoshio 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTSulfur-containing compounds are important components of all organisms, but few studies have explored sulfate utilization in corals. Our previous study found that the expression of a sulfur transporter (SLC26A11) was upregulated in the presence of Symbiodinium cells in juveniles of the reef-building coral Acropora tenuis. In this study, we performed autoradiography using 35S-labeled sulfate ions (35SO4 2−) to examine the localization and amount of incorporated radioactive sulfate in the coral tissues and symbiotic algae. Incorporated 35SO4 2− was detected in symbiotic algal cells, nematocysts, ectodermal cells and calicoblast cells. The combined results of 35S autoradiography and Alcian Blue staining showed that incorporated 35S accumulated as sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the ectodermal cell layer. We also compared the relative incorporation of 35SO4 2− into coral tissues and endosymbiotic algae, and their chemical fractions in dark versus light (photosynthetic) conditions. The amount of sulfur compounds, such as GAGs and lipids, generated from 35SO4 2− was higher under photosynthetic conditions. Together with the upregulation of sulfate transporters by symbiosis, our results suggest that photosynthesis of algal endosymbionts contributes to the synthesis and utilization of sulfur compounds in corals.