bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial Experiences of Laparoscopic Surgery at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Subedi Shanti , GC Narayan , Lamichhane Sabina , Chhetri Manisha 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: The field of minimal invasive surgery has flowered explosively in the recent past. Modern endoscopy has changed the approach to diagnosis as well as the operative procedure. This study was done with the aim of sharing the experiences of gynecological laparoscopic procedures done at Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal.

Methods: A descriptive study was done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nobel Medical College from 1st April 2015 to 30th March 2016. All the patients undergoing laparoscopic procedures were analyzed for the indication, type of procedures and their complications.

Results: During the study period, 100 patients underwent laparoscopic procedures including 25 cases of diagnostic and 75 cases of therapeutic procedures. Fiftythree patients with an ovarian mass underwent laparoscopic cystectomy. Laparoscopic salpingectomy was done in 11 patients with ectopic pregnancy. Laparoscopy assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) was done in eight cases and laparoscopic sterilization in two cases. One patient underwent successful myomectomy. One patient undergoing laparoscopic cystectomy and one case of LAVH had conversion to laparotomy because of dense adhesion and vault bleeding respectively. No other major complication noted apart from port side bleeding, infection and vault hematoma.

Conclusion: Laparoscopy is a safe and feasible alternative to open gynecological surgeries though it has a longlearning curve and a lot of expertise is necessary.
Outcomes of Pediatric Supracondylar Fractures of Humerus Treated by Posterior Triceps Splitting Approach
Authors: Dwivedi Rajeev , Joshi Ruban Raj , Byanjankar Subin , Shrestha Rahul 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Close reductions and percutaneous pinning is the gold standard treatment for supracondylar fracture of humerus. Open reduction and internal fixation is indicated in patients with unacceptable closed reduction, neurovascular compromise, and open fractures. Open reduction can be performed through various approaches. Every approach has their advantages and limitations. The aim of this study was to assess the functional outcome of pediatric supracondylar fracture of humerus treated by posterior triceps splitting approach.

Methods: This was a prospective evaluation of 20 consecutive patients with displaced pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures operated by triceps spitting posterior approach in our institution for two years. At initial presentation, 19 cases were Gartland III and one was flexion variant of injury. Complications such as reduction loss, pin migration, infection, osteonecrosis of any part of the elbow, bone healing, and functional results were evaluated. Flynn criteria were used to evaluate the final results.

Results: Twenty patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation by triceps splitting approach. Thirteen patients were male and seven were female with M:F ratio of 1.86:1. The mean age was 6.8 yr (SD=2.74, range 2-14). All the fractures united by six weeks; mean time for union was 4.5 wk (SD=0.94). All patients were assessed at six months using Flynn clinical and radiological criteria. Results were satisfactory in all patients.

Conclusion: Posterior triceps splitting approach is simple, safe and has good functional and radiological outcome. We recommend this approach for open reduction and internal fixation in pediatric supracondylar fracture.
Why Audit Committees Oppose Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation: Interview Evidence from Canada
Authors: Fontaine Richard , Khemakhem Hanen , Herda David N. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARY
This article summarizes our recent study (Fontaine, Khemakhem, and Herda 2016), which investigates audit committee (AC) members' perspectives on mandatory audit firm rotation (MAFR), mandatory audit partner rotation, ways in which AC members monitor auditor independence, and the costs associated with changing audit firms. We conduct in-person interviews with AC members in Canada to explore our research questions. Our findings reveal that AC members view MAFR as an unnecessary threat to their shareholder-granted authority to make audit firm appointment decisions, and believe their professional judgment and observations are the most effective means of ensuring auditor independence. We explain our findings using self-determination theory. Deep insight into the perspectives of AC members, attained by face-to-face interviews and guaranteed anonymity, should interest audit firms and regulators.
Effects of IFRS, Analysts, and ADR on Voluntary Disclosure of Brazilian Public Companies
Authors: Almeida José Elias Feres de , Rodrigues Herbert Simões 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
This study examines the effects of the interactions among IFRS adoption, analyst coverage, and cross-listings in the U.S. on the voluntary disclosure of Brazilian public companies. We document a significant positive shift on voluntary disclosure incentives among cross-listed firms from the IFRS pre-adoption period to the post-adoption period. We also find that analyst coverage has a positive association with voluntary disclosure over the IFRS adoption process; however, the interaction between IFRS adoption and analysts affects positively only environmental and social disclosure. Our results have some implications to regulators, investors, and practitioners.
Equilibrium based analytical model for estimation of pressure magnification during deflagration of hydrogen air mixtures
Authors: Karanam A. , Sharma P. K. , Ganju S. , Singh R. K. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
During postulated accident sequences in nuclear reactors, hydrogen may get released from the core and form a flammable mixture in the surrounding containment structure. Ignition of such mixtures and the subsequent pressure rise are an imminent threat for safe and sustainable operation of nuclear reactors. Methods for evaluating post ignition characteristics are important for determining the design safety margins in such scenarios. This study presents two thermo-chemical models for determining the post ignition state. The first model is based on internal energy balance while the second model uses the concept of element potentials to minimize the free energy of the system with internal energy imposed as a constraint. Predictions from both the models have been compared against published data over a wide range of mixture compositions. Important differences in the regions close to flammability limits and for stoichiometric mixtures have been identified and explained. The equilibrium model has been validated for varied temperatures and pressures representative of initial conditions that may be present in the containment during accidents. Special emphasis has been given to the understanding of the role of dissociation and its effect on equilibrium pressure, temperature and species concentrations.
Loss of flow Accident (LOFA) analyses using LabView-based NRR simulator
Authors: Arafa A. , Saleh H. I. , Ashoub N. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a generic Loss of Flow Accident (LOFA) scenario module which is integrated in the LabView-based simulator to imitate a Nuclear Research Reactor (NRR) behavior for different user defined LOFA scenarios. It also provides analyses of a LOFA of a single fuel channel and its impact on operational transactions and on the behavior of the reactor. The generic LOFA scenario module includes graphs needed to clarify the effects of the LOFA under study. Furthermore, the percentage of the loss of mass flow rate, the mode of flow reduction and the start time and transient time of LOFA are user defined to add flexibility to the LOFA scenarios. The objective of integrating such generic LOFA module is to be able to deal with such incidents and avoid their significant effects. It is also useful in the development of expertise in this area and reducing the operator training and simulations costs. The results of the implemented generic LOFA module agree well with that of COBRA-IIIC code and the earlier guidebook for this series of transients.
Calculation of the fuel composition and the deterministic reloading pattern in the second cycle of the BUSHEHR VVER-1000 reactor using the weighting factor method
Authors: Rahmani Y. , Pazirandeh A. , Ghofrani M. B. , Sadighi M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
To calculate the optimum reloading pattern in the second cycle of BUSHEHR VVER-1000 reactor, it was necessary to first calculate the burnup and fuel composition of each fuel assembly at the end of the first operational cycle so that the types of applicable fuel assemblies in the second cycle could be determined. Time-dependent calculations were performed using the WIMSD-5B and CITATION-LDI2 codes coupled with thermo-hydraulic computations during the first cycle. A weighting factor was defined for all 16 types of fuel assemblies in the second cycle based on their types and fuel compositions. In the process of calculating the deterministic reloading pattern, the number of probable arrangements was reduced from 7.55 × 1022 cases to just 1 856 cases by using a weighting-factor method and the structural constraints of the reactor core. The thermo-neutronic parameters of each of the 1 856 arrangements were then calculated by coupling the WIMSD-5B and CITATION-LDI2 codes with the thermo-hydraulic program. Afterwards, the processes of screening the probable arrangements and searching for the optimal reloading pattern were carried out based on the values of these parameters.
A propaganda document in support of the 19th century Caliphate of Ḥamdallāhi: Nūḥ b. al-Ṭāhir al-Fulānī’s “Letter on the appearance of the twelfth caliph” (Risāla fī ẓuhūr al-khalīfa al-thānī ʻashar)
Authors: Nobili Mauro 
Published: December 2016

The Caliphate of Ḥamdallāhi, located in the modern Republic of Mali, was founded by Aḥmad Lobbo in 1818 and left behind a huge corpus of Arabic correspondence and dispatches that is mainly unexplored by historians. This corpus, composed of documents related to the internal administration of the state as well as its relations with other contemporary political entities, is the result of the extensive spread of literacy in Arabic in the territories controlled by the Ḥamdallāhi central authority and its effort to establish itself as a legitimate regional power in West Africa. Among these documents is the Risāla fī ẓuhūr al-khaliīfa al-thānī ʻashar (“Letter on the appearance of the twelfth caliph”) written by Aḥmad Lobbo’s close counselor Nūḥ b. al-Ṭāhir. This document, briefly introduced by Felix Dubois in the late 19th century, has been neglected by scholars, who have discarded it because it includes an obvious forgery. The letter comprises extensive quotes from the Tārīkh al-Fattāsh, allegedly written in the early 16th century by the Timbuktu-based scholar Maḥmūd Kaʻti but actually composed by Nūḥ b. al-Ṭāhir himself. The purpose of the document is to provide political legitimacy to Aḥmad Lobbo through a prophecy that identifies him as the legitimate and supreme Muslim authority for West Africa, by virtue of being the inheritor of the late 15th century–early 16th century Songhay king Askiyà al-ḥājj Muḥammad, the twelfth caliph mentioned by the Prophet Muḥammad in a famous ḥadīth, and mujaddid, or the “renewer” of Islam. With this article, I edit and translate Nūḥ b. al-Ṭāhir’s Risāla and discuss it in the context of the tension between the Caliphate of Ḥamdallāhi and Sokoto. I also discuss the importance of this document in understanding the complex history of the Tārīkh al-Fattāsh.
Bioclimatologie des infections cutanées mycosiques à Sfax (Centre-Est de la Tunisie)
Authors: Jarraya Mounir 
Published: December 2016

Les infections mycosiques constituent un problème majeur de santé publique à Sfax (Centre-Est de la Tunisie), puisqu’elles affectent une population vulnérable. L’étude de la répartition temporelle des consultations pour mycose durant la période 2009-2013 a permis de détecter un pic printanier et un pic automnal. Les analyses montrent une relation entre d’une part, les caractéristiques climatiques (température et taux d’humidité relative (thermo-hygrométrie)), qui instaurent un certain inconfort et d’autre part, l’augmentation des cas d’infections mycosiques dans la population étudiée.
Les concours de l’enseignement : s’y préparer et réfléchir aux passerelles didactiques entre géographie scolaire et géographie scientifique
Authors: Bresc-Litzler Sophie 
Published: December 2016

Cet article vise à établir une synthèse sur les exigences du nouveau concours de l’enseignement (CAPES) d’histoire-géographie ainsi que sur de nouvelles méthodes pour s’y préparer. Les attentes au concours ont évolué avec le temps ; il faut donc aussi bien en comprendre les fondamentaux que réfléchir à la méthode, aux connaissances et au suivi de l’actualité afin de construire des schématisations, une culture générale réactualisée et acquérir une bonne connaissance des programmes du secondaire, qui sont des plus-values aux épreuves du concours de l’enseignement. Nous aimerions ainsi proposer des analyses de documents, des schémas, et des débats d’actualité sur les questions de géographie au programme (Mers et océans, la France des marges). Il s’agit de comprendre parallèlement la démarche de travail et les attentes de la réflexion géographique en identifiant les passerelles didactiques entre la géographie scolaire et la géographie scientifique universitaire : cela passe ainsi par la maîtrise des travaux scientifiques des principaux auteurs des questions mais aussi des échelles, des acteurs et des enjeux afin de les transmettre à de jeunes publics. Ces prolégomènes cherchent donc à fournir aux étudiants une méthode de travail efficace pour acquérir certaines compétences essentielles, nécessaires à la préparation des concours et attendues aux épreuves pour enseigner une discipline scientifique.
Endoscopic management of foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract in the hills of Himachal Pradesh, India: A 5-year tertiary care experience
Authors: Sharma Brij , Raina Sujeet , Sharma Neetu , Sharma Rajesh , Grover Neelam , Sood Ashwani , Sodhi Surinder S. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background and Aim: Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a common clinical problem in medical practice. Endoscopy is the therapeutic method of choice for the management of FBs with minimal complications. The aim of this study is to report our experience and outcome in a 5-year period in dealing with FBs in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) using upper endoscopy. Materials and Methods: The records of all the patients who presented to the Department of Gastroenterology and who underwent endoscopic management between January, 2010, and December, 2014, were reviewed with details on age, sex, type of FBs and its anatomical location, treatments, and outcomes. Results: A total of 59 patients were analyzed. Their age ranged from 2 years to 87 years. A male predominance was noticed (59.4%). Coins and chicken bone shared the most commonly encountered FBs. Esophagus was the most common site of trapping (49/59). Upper endoscopy successfully resolved the problem by FB removal in all patients, thus the overall success rate was 100%. No complications or mortalities due to FB ingestion or removal were observed throughout the study. Conclusion: In our experience, endoscopic management of FBs in upper GIT is a safe and highly effective procedure.
Hepatoduodenal fistula: A rare complication of liver abscess
Authors: Kumar Ravikant , Kumar Pavan , Saxena K. N. , Dwivedi Manisha 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCommon complications of amebic liver abscess (ALA) include rupture into the peritoneum, thorax, and pericardium. Rupture into the duodenum is extremely rare. We report a case of ALA rupturing into the duodenum, forming a fistulous tract. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fifth endoscopically and radiologically proven case of hepatoduodenal fistula caused by liver abscess.
ePrescribing: Reducing Costs through In-Class Therapeutic Interchange
Authors: Stenner Shane , Chakravarthy Rohini , Johnson Kevin , Miller William , Olson Julie , Wickizer Marleen , Johnson Nate , Ohmer Rick , Uskavitch David , Bernard Gordon , Neal Erin , Lehmann Christoph 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIntroduction Spending on pharmaceuticals in the US reached $373.9 billion in 2014. Therapeutic interchange offers potential medication cost savings by replacing a prescribed drug for an equally efficacious therapeutic alternative.Methods Hard-stop therapeutic interchange recommendation alerts were developed for four medication classes (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, serotonin receptor agonists, intranasal steroid sprays, and proton-pump inhibitors) in an electronic prescription-writing tool for outpatient prescriptions. Using prescription data from January 2012 to June 2015, the Compliance Ratio (CR) was calculated by dividing the number of prescriptions with recommended therapeutic interchange medications by the number of prescriptions with non-recommended medications to measure effectiveness. To explore potential cost savings, prescription data and medication costs were analyzed for the 45,000 Vanderbilt Employee Health Plan members.Results for all medication classes, significant improvements were demonstrated – the CR improved (proton-pump inhibitors 2.8 to 5.32, nasal steroids 2.44 to 8.16, statins 2.06 to 5.51, and serotonin receptor agonists 0.8 to 1.52). Quarterly savings through the four therapeutic interchange interventions combined exceeded $200,000 with an estimated annual savings for the health plan of $800,000, or more than $17 per member.Conclusion A therapeutic interchange clinical decision support tool at the point of prescribing resulted in increased compliance with recommendations for outpatient prescriptions while producing substantial cost savings to the Vanderbilt Employee Health Plan – $17.77 per member per year.Therapeutic interchange rules require rational targeting, appropriate governance, and vigilant content updates.Citation: Stenner SP, Chakravarthy R, Johnson KB, Miller WL, Olson J, Wickizer M, Johnson NN, Ohmer R, Uskavitch DR, Bernard GR, Neal EB, Lehmann CU. eprescribing: reducing costs through in-class therapeutic interchange.
Perikelen rondom de invoering van het (verzwakte) structuurregime
Authors: Van Mierlo Joost 
Published: December 2016

Perikelen rondom de invoering van het (verzwakte) structuurregime
Vlak voordat Thomas Cook Nederland verplicht is het structuurregime in te voeren, besluit zij dat uitsluitend concernfunctionarissen voor benoeming tot commissaris in aanmerking komen. Hiermee komt niet alleen een onafhankelijke opstelling van de raad van commissarissen in het gedrang, ook vormt dat een ernstige aantasting van het wettelijk aanbevelingsrecht van de ondernemingsraad. Voor de Ondernemingskamer is dit voldoende om te spreken van een voorgenomen besluit tot een belangrijke wijziging van de verdeling van de bevoegdheden (artikel 25 lid 1 en onder e WOR).
Revisão de fansubs: análise das práticas de revisão de tradução audiovisual em legendas não comerciais produzidas por equipes organizadas
Authors: De Souza Lilian 
Published: December 2016

Este artigo debate as práticas de revisão na produção de legendas em português de séries de TV e filmes, que são disponibilizadas para download gratuito na internet. Essas legendas são feitas por equipes organizadas, cujos integrantes, fãs dessas produções audiovisuais, são denominados fansubbers ou legenders. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar a importância da revisão como um processo essencial para veicular um texto e prática determinante na qualidade da produção, até mesmo em um texto não profissional e que não tem comoobjetivo a comercialização, como as fansubs. Neste artigo, discutimos as especificidades do gênero textual legendas, bem como a relação dessas características com os procedimentos de revisão adotados na produção das fansubs. Por meio de entrevistas com legenders que fazem revisão, identificamos as práticas de padronizações, de verificação da tradução, de uso das normas da Língua Portuguesa culta e suas variedades linguísticas e de adoção de fontes de consultas e referências. Para construção deste trabalho também foi feita pesquisa em fóruns, blogues e mídias sociais das equipes de legenders e do site Legendas.tv, analisando textos, arquivos e tutoriais postados. A apreciação do uso das técnicas de revisão na produção das fansubse do reconhecimento da qualidade dessas comprova que a revisão possibilita a melhora da qualidade do texto, destacando a importância da atividade.Palavras-chave: Legendas. Fansubs. Revisão. Tradução. Audiovisual.
Eu, revisor de mim: a escritura de Cecília Meireles revisada pela própria autora
Authors: Russo Conceição da Silva Zacheu 
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo pretende identificar como os manuscritos de Cecília Meireles são revisados pela própria autora na obra Cânticos. Nesse sentido, objetivando refletir sobre os procedimentos adotados por ela nessa escritura, perguntamo-nos como é feita essa revisão. Consideramos para esta investigação a hipótese de que as escolhas lexicais revelam o estilo da autora, que busca materializar a sinestesia em seus versos. A fundamentação teórica que sustenta a análise está alicerçada nos estudos de crítica genética de Pierre-Marc Biasi e para analisar os efeitos estéticos projetados pela ação discursiva, fundamentamo-nos, primordialmente, nos estudos de Damasceno. O artigo também procura explorar as possíveis elisões ou acréscimos que buscam a condensação do verso, revelar dúvidas e incertezas no processo de criação, compreender o sentido da opção rejeitada e da opção escolhida e identificar, de maneira mais aprofundada, sua produção textual. Entre outras conclusões, apreende-se, na passagem do texto manuscrito para o publicado, a revelação, nas entrelinhas, de verdades existenciais pressentidas, da consciência da transitoriedade e da sondagem da secreta essência do ser humano que deseja a transcendência, materializada no estilo da autora.Palavras-chave: Poesia. Cecília Meireles. Cânticos. Revisão.
Travessia de Rosa: do significante à letra
Authors: Rodrigues Andréa Alves 
Published: December 2016

O presente trabalho propõe uma análise do romance Grande sertão: veredas, de João Guimarães Rosa, através da observação dos mecanismos linguísticos de que se vale o autor na sua construção, para apontar algumas confluências entre os discursos literário e o psicanalítico, no romance. Para isso, utilizaremos pressupostos teóricos da teoria da ironia, procurando estabelecer alguns pontos tangenciais entre a literatura rosiana, os recursos da ironia e a psicanálise. Ao escapar da formulação de conceitos definitivos, mostraremos que o autor transforma o campo literário num lugar que se quer aberto ao diálogo, ao trânsito e a múltiplas interpretações, possibilitando, ainda, a circulação do mal-entendido, pois são as mensagens aparentemente sem sentido e absurdas é que se mostram evocadoras e criadoras de significações para além dos sentidos admitidos no código da língua. De acordo com essa lógica, apontaremos na obra de Rosa outra vertente da linguagem, na qual a letra esvaziada desse compromisso de reprodução dos sentidos, já no campo da escritura, mostrase capaz da ruptura com os semblantes e aproximação com os efeitos enigmáticos do gozo na escrita.Palavras-chave: Psicanálise. Simbólico. Real. Letra. Escritura.