bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intralesional Osteophyte Regrowth Following Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation after Previous Treatment with Marrow Stimulation Technique
Authors: Demange Marco Kawamura , Minas Tom , von Keudell Arvind , Sodha Sonal , Bryant Tim , Gomoll Andreas H. 
Published: June 2016

Objective Bone marrow stimulation surgeries are frequent in the treatment of cartilage lesions. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) may be performed after failed microfracture surgery. Alterations to subchondral bone as intralesional osteophytes are commonly seen after previous microfracture and removed during ACI. There have been no reports on potential recurrence. Our purpose was to evaluate the incidence of intralesional osteophyte development in 2 cohorts: existing intralesional osteophytes and without intralesional osteophytes at the time of ACI. Study Design We identified 87 patients (157 lesions) with intralesional osteophytes among a cohort of 497 ACI patients. Osteophyte regrowth was analyzed on magnetic resonance imaging and categorized as small or large (less or more than 50% of the cartilage thickness). Twenty patients (24 defects) without intralesional osteophytes at the time of ACI acted as control. Results Osteophyte regrowth was observed in 39.5% of lesions (34.4% of small osteophytes and 5.1% of large osteophytes). In subgroup analyses, regrowth was observed in 45.8% of periosteal-covered defects and in 18.9% of collagen membrane–covered defects. Large osteophyte regrowth occurred in less than 5% in either group. Periosteal defects showed a significantly higher incidence for regrowth of small osteophytes. In the control group, intralesional osteophytes developed in 16.7% of the lesions. Conclusions Even though intralesional osteophytes may regrow after removal during ACI, most of them are small. Small osteophyte regrowth occurs almost twice in periosteum-covered ACI. Large osteophytes occur only in 5% of patients. Intralesional osteophyte formation is not significantly different in preexisting intralesional osteophytes and control groups.
Older nurses in Singapore: Factors associated with attitudes towards extending working life
Authors: Ang Shin Yuh , Ayoob Salimah Binte Mohd , Hussain Nurshifa Binte Shaik , Uthaman Thendral , Adenan Hezlin , Chiang Patsy , Ong Lay Teng , Fong Mew Keng , Ostbye Truls 
Published: June 2016

Aims: We aim to determine associations between demographic variables, motivation to work, economic factors, work demands and organisational attitudes towards older workers and whether nurses want to extend working life. Background: Singapore’s ageing workforce, coupled with the government’s enactment of re-employment legislation, calls for attention on older nurses’ concerns and views about working longer. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with nurses aged 50 and above was conducted. Results: Data from 355 respondents was analysed. Malay nurses were significantly less likely (OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.1–0.6) than Chinese nurses to want to work longer. Financing one’s retirement, societal trends in postponing retirement and physical capability to continue working were factors significantly associated with older nurses’ decisions to extend working life. Conclusion: Approximately 40% of older nurses in Singapore want to work up to and above age 65. Race, societal attitudes and economic factors contribute in older nurses’ decisions on retirement. Implications for nursing management: Given an ageing workforce and manpower shortage, it is important for nurse managers and higher authorities to devise strategies to keep nurses in the workforce as long as possible. This study highlights concerns and attitudes of older nurses towards extending working life, and could inform future planning of strategies to retain older nurses.
Hypovitaminosis D Among Patients Admitted With Hip Fracture to a Level-1 Trauma Center in the Sunny Upper Egypt
Authors: Farouk Osama , Mahran Dalia G. , Said Hatem G. , Alaa Mohamed M. , Eisa Amr Atef , Said Galal Z. , Rashed Heba , Ez-Eldeen Azza 
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Despite abundant sunshine, hypovitaminosis D is common in the Middle East. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and related correlates among patients with hip fracture in Assiut University Hospitals in Upper Egypt. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 133 patients with hip fracture, aged 50 years and older, admitted to Trauma Unit of Assiut University Hospitals, from January through December 2014. Patients were selected by systematic random sampling. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Weight and height measurements were used for body mass index (BMI) calculation. Results: Patients’ median age was 70 years (range: 50-99); 51.9% were females. Osteoporosis (femoral neck T score: <−2.5 standard deviation) prevalence was 72.2%. Of all patients, 60.9% had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL); 15.8% reported vitamin D inadequacy (from 20 to 29 ng/mL) and vitamin D levels were normal in 23.3% (>30 ng/mL). According to univariate analysis, vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with obesity ( P = .012) and low T scores of the femoral neck ( P = .001), L2 ( P = .021), L3 ( P = .031), L4 ( P = .012), and the greater trochanter ( P < .001). In a multivariable logistic regression model, high BMI and low BMD of the femoral neck and greater trochanter were associated with hypovitaminosis D. Conclusion: Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is high among patients with hip fracture and associated with low BMD and high BMI. Increasing awareness about prevention as well as detection and treatment of vitamin D deficiency is recommended.
The early activation of memory B cells from Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome patients is suppressed by CD19 downregulation
Authors: Bai Xiaoming , Zhang Yongjie , Huang Lu , Wang Jinzhi , Li Wenyan , Niu Linlin , Jiang Hongyan , Dai Rongxin , Zhou Lina , Zhang Zhiyong , Miller Heather , Song Wenxia , Zhao Xiaodong , Liu Chaohong 
Published: June 2016

Key PointsBCR clustering and B-cell spreading were decreased in WAS memory B cells. CD19-Btk–mediated signaling was decreased, and FcγRIIB-SHIP–mediated signaling was increased in WAS memory B cells.
SWMI: new paradigm of water resources management for SDGs
Authors: Choi Gye Woon , Chong Koo Yol , Kim Sae Jin , Ryu Tae Sang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe seriousness of water related issues is increasing due to regional imbalances of water use and damages from water related disasters. Various technologies are being applied to resolve water related issues. Recently, interest in SWM, water management methods converging with ICT, is increasing. K-water, as a Korean government owned corporation, suggested SWMI as a new paradigm to resolve water related issues by converging K-water’s experienced water management know-how with advanced ICT. SWMI is an integrated management model covering the entire water cycle from sources to tap for securing the stability, safety and efficiency of water. At the same time, a 3-step strategy consisting of technology development, standardization and standardized frame for application of technologies was established to implement SWMI. It is expected that SWMI will enable scientific and efficient water management by interacting of technologies converged with ICT for entire water cycle from sources to tap water.
Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia as a Possible Mechanism for Hyperandrogenism in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Gourgari Evgenia , Lodish Maya , Keil Meg , Sinaii Ninet , Turkbey Evrim , Lyssikatos Charalampos , Nesterova Maria , de la Luz Sierra Maria , Xekouki Paraskevi , Khurana Divya , Ten Svetlana , Dobs Adrian , Stratakis Constantine A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Context:
Androgen excess may be adrenal and/or ovarian in origin; we hypothesized that a subgroup of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may have some degree of abnormal adrenocortical function.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the pituitary adrenal axis with an oral low- and high-dose dexamethasone-suppression test (Liddle's test) in women with PCOS.

Design:
This was a case-control study.

Setting:
The study was conducted at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.

Participants:
A total of 38 women with PCOS and 20 healthy volunteers (HV) aged 16–29 years participated in the study.

Main Outcome Measures:
Urinary free cortisol (UFC) and 17-hydroxysteroids (17OHS) before and after low- and high-dose dexamethasone and assessment of adrenal volume by computed tomography scan were measured.

Results:
Twenty-four-hour urinary 17OHS and UFC were measured during day 1 to day 6 of the Liddle's test. Baseline UFC levels were not different between PCOS and HVs; on the day after the completion of high-dose dexamethasone administration (d 6), UFC was higher in the PCOS group (2.0 ± 0.7 μg/m2·d) than the HV group (1.5 ± 0.5) (P = .038). On day 5, 17OHS and UFC were negatively correlated with adrenal volumes (left side, rp = −0.47, P = .009, and rp = −0.61, P &lt; .001, respectively). PCOS patients above the 75th percentile for UFC and/or 17OHS after high-dose dexamethasone (n = 15) had a significantly smaller total adrenal volume (6.9 ± 1.9 cm3 vs 9.2 ± 1.8 cm3, P = .003) when compared with the remaining PCOS patients (n = 22), but they did not have worse insulin resistance or hyperandrogenism.

Conclusions:
In a subset of young women with PCOS, we detected a pattern of glucocorticoid secretion that mimicked that of patients with micronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia: they had smaller adrenal volumes and higher steroid hormone secretion after dexamethasone compared with the group of PCOS with appropriate response to dexamethasone.
Household-Level Economies of Scale in Transportation
Authors: Carlsson John Gunnar , Behroozi Mehdi , Devulapalli Raghuveer , Meng Xiangfei 
Published: June 2016

One of the fundamental concerns in the analysis of logistical systems is the trade-off between localized, independent provision of goods and services versus provision along a centralized infrastructure such as a backbone network. One phenomenon in which this trade-off has recently been made manifest is the transition of businesses from traditional brick-and-mortar stores to retail sales facilitated via e-commerce, such as grocery delivery services. Conventional wisdom would dictate that such services ought to be more efficient—say from the perspective of the overall carbon footprint—because of the economy of scale achieved by aggregating demand through a delivery van, as opposed to the many separate trips that customers would otherwise take using their own means of transport. In this paper, we quantify the changes in overall efficiency due to such services by looking at “household-level” economies of scale in transportation: a person might perform many errands in a day (such as going to the bank, grocery store, and post office), and that person has many choices of locations at which to perform these tasks (e.g., a typical metropolitan region has many banks, grocery stores, and post offices). Thus, the total driving distance (and therefore the overall carbon footprint) that that person traverses is the solution to a generalized travelling salesman problem (GTSP) in which they select both the best locations to visit and the sequence in which to visit them. We perform a probabilistic analysis of the GTSP under the assumption that all relevant locations are independently and identically distributed uniformly in a region and then determine the amount of adoption of such services that is necessary, under our model, in order for the overall carbon footprint of the region to decrease.
Encapsulation of plant and animal oils used in dairy industry: A review
Authors: Kostov Georgi , Shopska Vesela , Denkova Rositsa , Ivanova Mihaela , Balabanova Tatyana , Vlaseva Radka 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The development of new food products enriched with biologically active components is a topical issue for modern food science and practice. Many of these substances are unstable when being incorporated into the food matrix, which demands a study on the possibilities to stabilize them before use. Encapsulation of biologically active substances is a method which provides stability of the substance in the food product. The principles for implementing encapsulation of biologically active substances, especially natural oils, the matrices and the encapsulation methods are discussed in the present review. Data on the impact of key process parameters of encapsulation, the biological value of oils and the opportunities for application of the encapsulated systems in different groups of dairy products are presented.
Structural and conductivity studies of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Murali N. , Vijaya babu K. , Ephraim babu K. , Veeraiah V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLayered oxide LiMO2(Ni, Co, Mn) have been proposed as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Mainly LiNiO2is accepted as an attractive cathode material because of its various advantages such as low cost, high discharge capacity, good reversibility. The LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2powders are synthesized by a sol-gel method using citric acid as a chelating agent. The structure of the synthesized material is analyzed by using XRD, FT-IR and the microstructures of the samples are observed by using FESEM. The intensities and positions of the peaks are in a good agreement with the previous results. The morphological changes are clearly observed as a result of manganese substitution. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra obtained with KBr pellet data reveal the structure of the oxide lattice constituted by LiO6and NiO6octahedra. The conductivity studies are characterized by (EIS) in the frequency range of 42 Hz to 1 MHz at room temperature to 120 °C. The dielectric properties are analyzed in the framework of complex dielectric permittivity and complex electric modulus formalisms. It indicates that the conductivity increases with increasing temperature. The fitting data of EIS plots replicate the non-Debye relaxation process with negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior.
Colossal dielectric constant of NaNbO3doped BaTiO3ceramics
Authors: Cao Wan Q. , Xu Ling F. , Ismail Mukhlis M. , Huang Li L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBaTiO3ceramics doped with 0.40 mol% NaNbO3were prepared using a traditional approach by sintering at temperature of 1250 °C to 1290 °C. The prepared ceramics was characterized by very good dielectric properties, such as high dielectric constant (1.5 × 105), low dielectric loss (0.1), and good dielectric temperature stability in the −40 °C to 100 °C range for the sample sintered below 1270 °C. The dielectric characteristics obtained with XPS confirmed that Ti4+ions remain in the state without any change. The huge increase in dielectric constant in NaNbO3doped BaTiO3samples occurs when large amount of Ba2+ions are excited to a high energy bound state of Ba2+− e or Ba+to create electron hopping conduction. For samples with the content of NaNbO3higher than 0.40 mol%, or sintering temperature higher than 1280 °C, compensation effect is dominated by cation vacancies with sharply decreasing dielectric constant and increased dielectric loss. The polaron effect is used to explain the relevant mechanism of giant dielectric constant appearing in the ferroelectric phase.
Taxation of Controlled Foreign Companies in Context of the OECD/G20 Project on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting as well as the EU Proposal for the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive – An Interim Nordic Assessment
Authors: Schmidt Peter Koerver 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Recently, the controlled foreign company (CFC) rules have gained increased attention; as such, rules play an important role in the ongoing efforts of the OECD/G20 and the European Commission with respect to addressing base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS). In this context, the article revisits the CFC regimes of the Nordic countries in order to assess whether these regimes are in line with the recommendations from the OECD/G20 and to determine whether Sweden, Finland, and Denmark, as EU member states, will have to make amendments if the commission’s proposal for an Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive is adopted in its current form. It is concluded that the Nordic CFC regimes in many ways already are in line with the recommendations as well as the directive, but also that certain amendments have to be made.
Influence of continuity on punching resistance at edge columns
Authors: Soares Luis Fernando S. , Vollum Robert Lars 
Published: June 2016

The paper considers punching failure at edge columns of reinforced concrete flat slabs without shear reinforcement and unbalanced moments about an axis parallel to the slab edge. Edge column punching shear tests have been carried out on a variety of isolated and continuous specimens. The influence of eccentricity and continuity on punching resistance is assessed using existing experimental data, non-linear finite-element analysis and the critical shear crack theory as implemented in fib Model Code 2010 (MC2010). Relating punching resistance to the elastic unbalanced moment as done in MC2010 levels I to III is shown to be overly conservative for continuous slabs. The ACI 318 and Eurocode 2 practice of making the design punching resistance independent of the unbalanced moment is reviewed and shown to be reasonable, particularly for continuous slabs.
Effect of Right Median Nerve Stimulation on Level of Consciousness in Traumatic Brain Injury Subjects
Authors: Nekkanti Sirisha , Shaik Rahul , Mondem Srinivas , Meruva Nandini , Elumalai Gunathevan 
Published: June 2016

<p class="Default"><strong>Background</strong>: The median nerve serves a peripheral gateway to the central nervous system. Median nerve stimulation is positively associated with regaining the level of consciousness in patients with traumatic brain injury, but the level of evidence is still a research question. So the purpose of the study is to find out the effectiveness of right median nerve stimulation on the level of consciousness and the relation between them in subjects with traumatic brain injury.<strong> Methodology: </strong>Twenty subjects with traumatic brain injury of axonal type were selected for study and randomized into two groups. Experimental group received right median nerve stimulation along with medications where as control group received medications only one month, 30 minutes a day. Glasgow coma scale is used to assess the changes in conscious levels<strong>. Result: </strong>The results have revealed that there is significance improvement noted in experimental group when compared to control group. Comparison of Glassgow coma scale scores between experimental and control groups after one month showed significant difference with a P value 0.0261.<strong> Conclusion: </strong>Right median nerve stimulation is strongly associated with improvement of consciousness in patients with traumatic brain injury.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Jacco Pekelder, Remco Raben, Mathieu Segers (eds.), De wereld volgens Nederland. Nederlandse buitenlandse politiek in historisch perspectief
Authors: Van Leeuwen Marianne 
Published: June 2016

Jacco Pekelder, Remco Raben, Mathieu Segers (eds.), De wereld volgens Nederland. Nederlandse buitenlandse politiek in historisch perspectief (Amsterdam: Boom, 2015, 304 pp., isbn 978 90 8953 604 4).
Modifications of the Method for Calculating Absolute Drug Bioavailability
Authors: Jiang Wei , Yang Juan-juan , Cao Lei , Xiao Xue , Shi Xiao-lian , Cao Yong-xiao 
Published: June 2016

Purpose: Absolute bioavailability (F) is calculated as the ratio of the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) between extravascular administration and intravenous injection. However, as distribution of a drug after intravenous administration does not reach an equilibrium in the body during the distribution phase, the plasma drug concentration at this phase does not reflect the total amount of drug in the body. The goal of this paper was to analyze the insufficiencies of the method for calculating on absolute bioavailability and to propose a modification to improve the calculation. Methods: Literature reporting absolute bioavailability published during 1983-2014 was searched for ten drug candidates. Plasma drug concentrations representing the amount of drug in the body were then calculated at each time point during the distribution phase according to the plasma drug concentration-time relationship during the elimination phase. Results: The AUC values based on the distribution equilibrium drug concentrations following intravenous injection were 75%±11% of the actually measured drug concentrations in the literature. The absolute bioavailability values in the literature were 76%±12% of the actual bioavailability based on the AUCs from distribution-equilibrium drug concentrations. Conclusions: The present method underestimates the absolute drug bioavailability and should be modified to represent the data more accurately. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Cardiovascular effects of histamine H3 receptor antagonist JNJ 5207852 in haemorrhagic shock in rats
Authors: Jochem Jerzy , Mitera Agata , Izydorczyk Marta , Nowak Damian , Waliczek Martyna 
Published: June 2016

WstępReceptory histaminowe H3 występują w ośrodkowym i obwodowym układzie nerwowym, w tym na zakończeniach pozazwojowych układu współczulnego. Działają głównie jako presynaptyczne auto- i heteroreceptory, są odpowiedzialne za regulację syntezy oraz wydzielania histaminy i innych neurotransmiterów/neuromodulatorów. Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu zablokowania receptorów H3 na czynność układu krążenia podczas fazy hamowania aktywności układu współczulnego w modelu wstrząsu krwotocznego u szczurów.Materiał i metodyBadania przeprowadzono u szczurów samców szczepu Wistar, w znieczuleniu ogólnym przy użyciu ketaminy i ksylazyny (100 mg/kg + 10 mg/kg dootrzewnowo), u których wywołano nieodwracalny wstrząs krwotoczny ze średnim ciśnieniem tętniczym (MAP) 20-25 mmHg (wskaźnik przeżycia 2 h: 0%). W 5 min krytycznej hipotensji zwierzętom podawano dożylnie antagonistę receptorów H3 JNJ 5207852 bądź 0,9% roztwór NaCl.WynikiKrwotok prowadził do obniżenia ciśnienia tętna (PP) i częstości rytmu serca (HR). JNJ 5207852 (1 i 5 mg/kg) wywoływał długotrwałe wzrosty MAP, PP i HR, a także zwiększenie do 100% wskaźnika przeżycia 2 h (5 mg/kg). Chemiczna sympatektomia wykonana przy użyciu 6-hydroksydopaminy (50 mg/kg przez trzy kolejne dni) hamowała zmiany MAP, PP i HR wywoływane przez JNJ 5207852 (5 mg/kg) i zmniejszała do 0% wskaźnik przeżycia 2 h.WnioskiAntagonista receptorów histaminowych H3 JNJ 5207852 wywołuje efekt resuscytacyjny u szczurów we wstrząsie krwotocznym, a jego mechanizm działania związany jest z aktywnością pozazwojowych neuronów układu współczulnego.
Contemporary Issues in Cybersecurity
Authors: Katzan Harry 
Published: June 2016

The effectiveness of modern computer applications is normally regarded as a function of five basic attributes of secure computer and information systems: availability, accuracy, authenticity, confidentiality, and integrity. The concepts generally apply to government, business, education, and the ordinary lives of private individuals. The considerations normally involve extended Internet applications – hence the name Cybersecurity. Achieving and maintaining a secure cyberspace is a complicated process, and some of the concerns involve personal identity, privacy, intellectual property, the critical infrastructure, and the sustainability of organizations. The threats to a secure operating infrastructure are serious and profound: cyber terrorism, cyber war, cyber espionage, and cyber crime, to which the technical community has responded with safeguards and procedures, usually supplied by the private sector. This paper provides a comprehensive view of security in the cyber domain with the ultimate objective of developing a science of cybersecurity.