bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Birth of the Amateur
Authors: Taylor Paul 
Published: November 2016

Between the 16th and the 19th centuries the concept of “the amateur” shifted in sense. At the beginning of the period it referred to lovers, either of people or things, but by the end it had come to refer to non-professionals and dilettantes. This article traces the change in the word’s meaning, arguing that the shift of sense took place due to economic developments in the art trade. During the course of the seventeenth century the modern art market emerged, in which purchasers acquired art works through a network of dealers, without making contact with artists. This new anonymity of exchange led to resentment on the part of some artists and writers about art, who introduced a distinction between art lovers – amateurs – who knew nothing of art, and art knowers – connoisseurs – who were thought qualified to judge.
New records of Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Brazil
Authors: GIL-SANTANA HÉLCIO R. 
Published: November 2016

New occurrences of Reduviidae from Brazil are recorded for the first time: Ectrichodiinae: Borgmeierina dentata Wygodzinsky, Parapothea jaguaris Carpintero (new genera records); Harpactorinae: Aristathlus imperatorius Bergroth, Aristathlus regalis Bergroth (new genus record), Notocyrtus foveatus Stål, Orbella tricolor Maldonado, Sosius foliaceus Champion; Reduviinae: Zelurus salyavatoides Lent & Wygodzinsky; Saicinae: Tagalis seminigra Champion; Stenopodainae: Achillas toulgoeti Bérenger (new genus record).
Is per capita energy use stationary? Time series evidence for the EMU countries
Authors: Magazzino Cosimo 
Published: November 2016

This study examines the stationary properties of per capita energy use in the 19 Eurozone member countries by using annual data over 1960–2013 period. We utilize the Clemente et al. unit root test that determines structural breaks. Empirical results show that most of the country series does not reject the unit root null hypothesis at the 5% significance level, both in the case of additive outlier and of innovative outlier. Therefore, our empirical findings provide significant evidence that energy use is nonstationary in almost all Eurozone countries. For the policy makers, it is necessary to pay attention to energy use series.
Public housing tenants’ perspective on residential environment and positive well-being: An empowerment-based Photovoice study and its implications for social work
Authors: Houle Janie , Coulombe Simon , Radziszewski Stephanie , Boileau Geneviève , Morin Paul , Leloup Xavier , Bohémier Hélène , Robert Stéphanie 
Published: November 2016

Summary Although tenants of public housing face numerous challenges, recent research suggests they can experience positive well-being. The study examines a group of tenants’ perspective on structures of their residential environment that influence their positive well-being, using the empowerment-based Photovoice method. Ten peer-researchers took pictures, participated in facilitated group discussions, and performed a thematic analysis. The study presents themes emerging from the pictures, as well as concrete outcomes of implementing such a method in a public housing setting. Findings Six themes emerged from the pictures taken: (1) a pleasant home, inspiring pride; (2) variety of local resources; (3) mutual support and social participation; (4) control over life situations; (5) social, leisure and growth opportunities; (6) beneficial access to nature. The findings reveal the nuances of tenants’ relationships with their residential environment, which has the potential to support their emotional, psychological, and social well-being. However, several needs for improvement were also identified, as well as avenues for tenants to take more power over these negative situations. The Photovoice method appears to have produced positive outcomes in terms of environmental improvement and tenant empowerment. Applications The study suggests social workers should bear in mind the multifaceted person–environment relationship of the people they work with. It also emphasizes that public housing tenants can play an active role in making their environment a place where they can flourish. The Photovoice method is highlighted as a useful tool for social work community practitioners to support tenant empowerment.
Communicating About Choices in Transplantation (COACH)
Authors: Traino Heather M. , West Stacy M. , Nonterah Camilla W. , Russell Jennifer , Yuen Eva 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Previous research highlights the difficulties patients with end-stage renal disease awaiting kidney transplant experience while attempting to manage both the logistical and the content-related aspects of discussions about transplantation. This article presents pilot results of the behavioral communication intervention program, Communicating about Choices in Transplantation (COACH), designed to improve transplant candidates’ communication about transplantation. Research Questions: As compared to matched controls, increases in knowledge of deceased and living donor transplantation, communication self-efficacy, intentions to hold conversations about transplantation, and self-reported discussion were expected for pilot participants from pre- and postassessment; decreases in conversational difficulties were also posited. Design: Using a nonrandomized quasi-experimental design, we compared transplant knowledge and communication between patients completing a 2-hour COACH session (pilot sample) to a sample of matched controls (n = 10). Data were collected via semi-structured telephone interviews upon enrollment and 1 month after enrollment or attendance at a COACH program session. Results: The results revealed significant differences in knowledge from pre- to postassessment between the pilot and control samples ( P = .02). Although no other statistically significant between-group differences were found, paired-sample t tests revealed significant pre–post increases in transplant knowledge (7.6 [standard deviation, SD = 2.0] to 9.5 [SD =1.8]; P = .05) and communication self-efficacy (1255.8 [SD = 239.7] to 1513.8 [SD = 114.3]; P = .009) for pilot participants. Decreases in perceived conversational difficulties were also observed ( P = .53). Discussion: Results provide preliminary support for the program’s impact. Moreover, participant evaluations of the COACH were overwhelmingly positive. A more definitive program evaluation with a larger, more diverse sample is currently underway.
Publishing interim results of randomised clinical trials in peer-reviewed journals
Authors: Counsell Nicholas , Biri Despina , Fraczek Joanna , Hackshaw Allan 
Published: November 2016

Background: Interim analyses of randomised controlled trials are sometimes published before the final results are available. In several cases, the treatment effects were noticeably different after patient recruitment and follow-up completed. We therefore conducted a literature review of peer-reviewed journals to compare the reported treatment effects between interim and final publications and to examine the magnitude of the difference. Methods: We performed an electronic search of MEDLINE from 1990 to 2014 (keywords: ‘clinical trial’ OR ‘clinical study’ AND ‘random*’ AND ‘interim’ OR ‘preliminary’), and we manually identified the corresponding final publication. Where the electronic search produced a final report in which the abstract cited interim results, we found the interim publication. We also manually searched every randomised controlled trial in eight journals, covering a range of impact factors and general medical and specialist publications (1996–2014). All paired articles were checked to ensure that the same comparison between interventions was available in both. Results: In all, 63 studies are included in our review, and the same quantitative comparison was available in 58 of these. The final treatment effects were smaller than the interim ones in 39 (67%) trials and the same size or larger in 19 (33%). There was a marked reduction, defined as a ≥20% decrease in the size of the treatment effect from interim to final analysis, in 11 (19%) trials compared to a marked increase in 3 (5%), p = 0.057. The magnitude of percentage change was larger in trials where commercial support was reported, and increased as the proportion of final events at the interim report decreased in trials where commercial support was reported (interaction p = 0.023). There was no evidence of a difference between trials that stopped recruitment at the interim analysis where this was reported as being pre-specified versus those that were not pre-specified (interaction p = 0.87). Conclusion: Published interim trial results were more likely to be associated with larger treatment effects than those based on the final report. Publishing interim results should be discouraged, in order to have reliable estimates of treatment effects for clinical decision-making, regulatory authority reviews and health economic analyses. Our work should be expanded to include conference publications and manual searches of additional journal publications.
Exploratory study on the impact of switching to nilotinib in 18 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase with suboptimal response to imatinib
Authors: Ailawadhi Sikander , Akard Luke P. , Miller Carole B. , Jillella Anand , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Ericson Solveig G. , Lin Felice , Warsi Ghulam , Radich Jerald 
Published: November 2016

Background: The phase II, exploratory, open-label Exploring Nilotinib BCR-ABL Effects (ENABL) study [ ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00644878] assessed the impact of switching to nilotinib therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) who had a suboptimal molecular response with imatinib. Methods: Patients with CML-CP who had previously achieved a complete cytogenetic response (CCyR), but had a suboptimal molecular response, with frontline imatinib therapy ( N = 18) were assigned to receive nilotinib 300 mg twice daily. The primary endpoint was the change in BCR-ABL1 transcript levels from baseline after 12 months; rates of major molecular response (MMR) and safety were also assessed. Results: At 3 months after switching to nilotinib, 10 of 17 (59%) evaluable patients had achieved MMR. At 12 months, 9 of 12 (75%) evaluable patients had achieved MMR, and the median BCR-ABL1 level among all patients remaining in the study was 0.020% on the International Scale (IS), equivalent to a 3.7-log reduction from the standardized IS baseline (primary endpoint). Adverse events (AEs) were typically grade 1/2 and manageable with dose interruptions. A total of three patients experienced serious study drug-related AEs, including pancreatitis, bradycardia, and vertigo. No deaths were reported. Conclusions: Overall, results from this exploratory study suggest that switching to nilotinib due to suboptimal molecular response with imatinib can result in improved molecular response for patients with CML-CP.
Efficacy of an activity monitor as a biofeedback device in cerebral palsy
Authors: Sharan Deepak , Rajkumar Joshua Samuel , Balakrishnan Rajarajeshwari 
Published: November 2016

Background Assessment of physical outcomes in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) is considered an effective way to monitor their progress, evaluate interventions and guide health care policy. However, no study using an activity monitor (AM) as a biofeedback device in treatment of people with CP has been published. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the AM as a biofeedback device in individuals with CP after a type of single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) called Single-Event Multilevel Lever Arm Restoration and Anti-Spasticity Surgery (SEMLARASS). Method A randomized, controlled trial was conducted among 40 individuals with CP in the age group between 10 to 20 years who underwent SEMLARASS. They were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A ( n = 20) and Group B ( n = 20). Both groups received intensive rehabilitation including different types of activity-based training for around three hours per day. Both groups were assessed with standard subjective outcomes (Physician Rating Scale (PRS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and Functional Mobility Scale (FMS)) and objective outcomes with the use of an AM (IntenzLife, Model No. 56084-1) for measuring step count, distance walked and calories used. During the intervention, for Group A, they were also given an AM after presetting individualized stride length and body weight, to monitor their daily activity levels. The AM was worn around the neck of the person throughout the day and provided a daily report of the measurements and acted as a biofeedback device for individuals with CP who were given specific targets to achieve on a weekly basis. Both groups were evaluated before and after eight weeks of intensive rehabilitation. Results Group A showed significant differences in the scores of step count ( p < 0.001), distance walked ( p < 0.001), PRS ( p < 0.001), DGI ( p < 0.010) and FMS ( p < 0.001) when compared to Group B after intensive rehabilitation. However, the calories used ( p < 0.086) was not significantly different. Conclusion The AM, which is considered to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing the level of physical activity in CP, can also be used as a biofeedback device for improving specific walking parameters in persons with CP post-SEMLARASS.
A set of simple cell processes are sufficient to model spiral cleavage
Authors: Brun-Usan Miguel , Marín-Riera Miquel , Grande Cristina , Truchado-Garcia Marta , Salazar-Ciudad Isaac 
Published: November 2016

During cleavage the zygote becomes partitioned into a set of cells with a particular spatial arrangement. Spiral cleavage is the most abundant cleavage type at the phylum level. Different cellular processes have been hypothesized to be responsible for the development of the specific spatial arrangement of blastomeres in the spiral blastula. These include the orientation of cell division according to an animal-vegetal gradient, according to cells' main axis (Hertwig's rule), according to the contact areas between cells or orthogonally to previous divisions (Sach's rule). Cell adhesion and cortical rotation have also been proposed to be involved in spiral cleavage.
We use a computational model of cell and tissue bio-mechanics to implement the different existing hypotheses about how the specific spatial arrangement of cells in spiral cleavage arises during development. We found that cell polarization by an animal-vegetal gradient, a bias to perpendicularity between consecutive cell divisions (Sachs' rule), cortical rotation and cell adhesion, when combined, reproduce the spiral cleavage while other combinations of processes can not. Specifically, cortical rotation is necessary in the 8-cell stage to displace all micromeres into the same direction, being this displacement random in direction if only cell adhesion is included. By varying the relative strength of these processes we reproduce the spatial arrangement of cells in the blastulae of seven different species (four snails, two polychaetes and a nemertean).
Super-resolution microscopy reveals the insulin-resistance-regulated reorganization of GLUT4 on plasma membranes
Authors: Gao Lan , Chen Junling , Gao Jing , Wang Hongda , Xiong Wenyong 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
GLUT4 (also known as SLC2A4) is essential for glucose uptake in skeletal muscles and adipocytes, which play central roles in whole-body glucose metabolism. Here, using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) to investigate the characteristics of plasma-membrane-fused GLUT4 at the single-molecule level, we have demonstrated that insulin and insulin resistance regulate the spatial organization of GLUT4 in adipocytes. Stimulation with insulin shifted the balance of GLUT4 on the plasma membrane toward a more dispersed configuration. In contrast, insulin resistance induced a more clustered distribution of GLUT4 and increased the mean number of molecules per cluster. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that the F5QQI motif and lipid rafts mediate the maintenance of GLUT4 clusters on the plasma membrane. Mutation of F5QQI (F5QQA-GLUT4) induced a more clustered distribution of GLUT4; moreover, destruction of lipid rafts in adipocytes expressing F5QQA-GLUT4 dramatically decreased the percentage of large clusters and the mean number of molecules per cluster. In conclusion, our data clarify the effects of insulin stimulation or insulin resistance on GLUT4 reorganization on the plasma membrane and reveal new pathogenic mechanisms of insulin resistance.
Drosophila Sulf1 is required for the termination of intestinal stem cell division during regeneration
Authors: Takemura Masahiko , Nakato Hiroshi 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Stem cell division is activated to trigger regeneration in response to tissue damage. The molecular mechanisms by which this stem cell mitotic activity is properly repressed at the end of regeneration are poorly understood. Here, we show that a specific modification of heparan sulfate is crucial for regulating Drosophila intestinal stem cell (ISC) division during normal midgut homeostasis and regeneration. Loss of the extracellular heparan sulfate endosulfatase Sulf1 resulted in increased ISC division during normal homeostasis, which was caused by upregulation of mitogenic signaling including the JAK-STAT, EGFR and Hedgehog pathways. Using a regeneration model, we found that ISCs failed to properly halt division at the termination stage in Sulf1 mutants, showing that Sulf1 is required for terminating ISC division at the end of regeneration. We propose that post-transcriptional regulation of mitogen signaling by heparan sulfate structural modifications provides a new regulatory step for precise temporal control of stem cell activity during regeneration.
The Dry Preservation of Giant Vesicles Using a Group 3 LEA Protein Model Peptide and Its Molecular Mechanism
Authors: Furuki Takao , Watanabe Takahiro , Furuta Tadaomi , Takano Kiyoshi , Shirakashi Ryo , Sakurai Minoru 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We here focus on whether a model peptide for Group 3 LEA (G3LEA) proteins can be used for the dry preservation of vesicles whose size and phospholipid compositions resemble those of living cells. For this purpose, we prepared a peptide called PvLEA-22, which consists of two tandem repeats of the 11-mer motif characteristic of G3LEA proteins from an African sleeping chironomid, and giant vesicles (diameter 6–9 µm) prepared with egg phosphatidylcholine. We examined the particle size distribution of the vesicles before and after drying and rehydration in the presence of the peptide. The model peptide suppressed desiccation-induced disruption of the giant vesicles in a concentration-dependent manner with an efficiency comparable to that of trehalose, a well-known desiccation protectant. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of the peptide’s protective function, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for model systems composed of the peptide PvLEA-22 and a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayer. The results indicate that Lys residues in PvLEA-22 interact with the bilayer surface, where their positively charged side chains, -(CH2)4NH3+, directly hydrogen bond (H-bond) with nearby phospholipid headgroups. On the basis of these results, we discuss the possible mechanisms for the protective effect of the peptide on dried vesicles.
Unimodal Nematic Liquid Crystalline Random Copolymers Designed for Accepting Chiral Dopants
Authors: Sodemura Takumi , Kubo Shoichi , Higuchi Hiroki , Kikuchi Hirotsugu , Nakagawa Masaru 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The miscibility of chiral molecules to unimodal side-chain nematic liquid crystalline (LC) polymers was studied to generate chiral nematic phases. Chiral dopants, a phenyl benzoate derivative S-811 and an isosorbide dibenzoate derivative ISO-(6OBA)2 were miscible to the nematic LC polymer PMA(4OPB) tethering phenyl benzoate moieties as side-chain mesogens by preparing mixtures in solutions rather than directly melting the powders together. Nematic LC random copolymers containing non-LC side chains were designed to promote the interaction between mesogens and chiral molecules. The introduction of hexyl chains as side chains randomly into nematic LC polymers improved the miscibility of chiral molecules of an isosorbide dibenzoate derivative with hexyl tails. The hexyl chains of the polymer provided spaces for the chiral molecules and caused alkyl–alkyl interactions. We demonstrated that the randomly introduced hexyl chains promoted the interaction of chiral molecules with LC mesogens to generate chiral nematic phases.
Accuracy and Validity of AREC (Alkoxy Radical Elimination Capacity) Assay in Evaluating the Antioxidant Abilities of Various Biosubstances
Authors: Nakajima Akira , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Hattori Gen , Sakurai Yasuhiro , Kawamura Masaki , Kawai Kiyoshi , Miyake Yusuke , Kanaori Kenji , Tajima Kunihiko 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The AREC (alkoxy radical elimination capacity) assay was developed to observe the DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide) spin adducts of free radicals produced by thermal decomposition of AAPH (2,2′-azobis(2,4-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride) using a flow-injection ESR (FI-ESR) system. The γ50 value is defined as [DMPO]0/ID50 = kS/k1, where k1 is the rate constant of spin-trapping of the alkoxy radical by DMPO, kS, that of alkoxy radical-elimination by the substrate, and ID50, 50% inhibition of the alkoxy radical by the substrate, and the AREC value is the ratio of γ50 value of the substrate to that of Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chroman-2-carboxylic acid, TRX). The γ50 and AREC values show fairly wide variations and can be determined for most biosubstances. The highest AREC values were observed for sinapic acid, l-glutathione, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid, followed by TRX, syringic acid, trans-ferulic acid, and homogentisic acid. Little correlation is observed between the AREC values and the hydroxy and superoxide radical-elimination abilities. The AREC values of 4-hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HCAs) are linearly related to the aryloxy radical-elimination abilities, which indicate that the alkoxy radical-elimination by HCAs is mainly caused by hydrogen-atom transfer. The newly defined AREC value is applicable for various biosubstances, and is far superior and a more reliable indicator than the oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) value determined by the ORAC-fluorescein assay. Thus, the AREC value is an excellent indicator to characterize the antioxidant activities of a wide range of biologically important antioxidants present in fruits, vegetables, and beverages.
Toward an Ideal Synthesis of (Bio)molecules through Direct Arene Assembling Reactions
Authors: Yamaguchi Junichiro , Itami Kenichiro 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
C–H (hetero)arylation of aromatic compounds using transition-metal catalysts has garnered much attention from the synthetic chemistry community as a next-generation coupling method for constructing (hetero)biaryl motifs. This account describes our recent achievements in transition-metal-catalyzed aromatic C–H arylation and its applications to the synthesis of bioactive molecules.