bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Defect‐Density Monolayer MoS2 Wafer by Oxygen‐Assisted Growth‐Repair Strategy
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Xu Jiahan , Zhi Aomiao , Wang Jian , Wang Yue , Zhu Wenkai , Han Xingjie , Tian Xuezeng , Bai Xuedong , Sun Baoquan , Wei Zhongming , Zhang Jing , Wang Kaiyou 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAtomic chalcogen vacancy is the most commonly observed defect category in two dimensional (2D) transition‐metal dichalcogenides, which can be detrimental to the intrinsic properties and device performance. Here a low‐defect density, high‐uniform, wafer‐scale single crystal epitaxial technology by in situ oxygen‐incorporated “growth‐repair” strategy is reported. For the first time, the oxygen‐repairing efficiency on MoS2 monolayers at atomic scale is quantitatively evaluated. The sulfur defect density is greatly reduced from (2.71 ± 0.65) × 1013 down to (4.28 ± 0.27) × 1012 cm−2, which is one order of magnitude lower than reported as‐grown MoS2. Such prominent defect deduction is owing to the kinetically more favorable configuration of oxygen substitution and an increase in sulfur vacancy formation energy around oxygen‐incorporated sites by the first‐principle calculations. Furthermore, the sulfur vacancies induced donor defect states is largely eliminated confirmed by quenched defect‐related emission. The devices exhibit improved carrier mobility by more than three times up to 65.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 and lower Schottky barrier height reduced by half (less than 20 meV), originating from the suppressed Fermi‐level pinning effect from disorder‐induced gap state. The work provides an effective route toward engineering the intrinsic defect density and electronic states through modulating synthesis kinetics of 2D materials.
Solubilizer of bacterial origin surfactin increases the biological activity of C60 fullerene
Authors: Emelyantsev Sergey , Prazdnova Evgeniya , Chistyakov Vladimir 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrently, there exists conflicting data regarding the biological activity of unmodified fullerene C60. Various sources report its toxicity, geroprotective activity, and potential interaction with DNA. Contradictory findings regarding the toxicity of C60 may arise from the use of toxic solvents, as well as the influence of bioavailability and bioactivity on the preparation conditions of C60 suspensions. Furthermore, the microbiota of experimental animals can impact geroprotective activity results by releasing surfactants that facilitate substance penetration through the cell membrane. In this study, we selected conditions for solubilizing fullerene C60 in a solution of surfactin, a surfactant of bacterial origin, as well as in a 2% aqueous solution of TWEEN 80, employing ultrasound. Through bioluminescent analysis using lux biosensors in Escherichia coli MG1655, we observed that C60 in surfactin reduced induced genotoxic and oxidative stress. Given that surfactin enhances membrane permeability to fullerene C60, suspensions of fullerene in designated concentrations of surfactin can be regarded as a DNA protector and antioxidant, warranting further investigation as a promising component of novel drugs.
Curcumin Prevents Renal Damage of l‐NAME Induced Hypertension in by Reducing MMP‐2 and MMP‐9
Authors: Pereira Bruna Pinheiro , Silva Alessandra Oliveira , Awata Wanessa Mayumi Carvalho , Pimenta Gustavo Félix , Ribeiro Jéssyca Milene , de Faria Almeida Carolina Aparecida , Antonietto Carla Renata Kitanishi , dos Reis Luis Felipe Cunha , Esteves Alessandra , Torres Larissa Helena Lobo , de Araújo Paula Fernanda Borges , Ruginsk Sílvia Graciela , Tirapelli Carlos Renato , Rizzi Ellen , Ceron Carla Speroni 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn the present study, we investigated whether curcumin administration would interfere with the main renal features of l‐NAME‐induced hypertension model. For this purpose, we conducted both in vitro and in vivo experiments to evaluate renal indicators of inflammation, oxidative stress, and metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression/activity. Hypertension was induced by l‐NAME (70 mg/kg/day), and Wistar rats from both control and hypertensive groups were treated with curcumin (50 or 100 mg/kg/day; gavage) or vehicle for 14 days. Blood and kidneys were collected to determine serum creatinine levels, histological alterations, oxidative stress, MMPs expression and activity, and ED1 expression. l‐NAME increased blood pressure, but both doses of curcumin treatment reduced these values. l‐NAME treatment increased creatinine levels, glomeruli area, Bowman's space, kidney MMP‐2 activity, as well as MMP‐9 and ED1 expression, and reduced the number of glomeruli. Curcumin treatment prevented the increase in creatinine levels, MMP‐2 activity, and reduced MMP‐2, MMP‐9, ED1, and superoxide levels, as well as increased superoxide dismutase activity and partially prevented glomeruli alterations. Moreover, curcumin directly inhibited MMP‐2 activity in vitro. Thus, our main findings demonstrate that curcumin reduced l‐NAME‐induced hypertension and renal glomerular alterations, inhibited MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression/activity, and reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, which may indirectly impact hypertension‐induced renal outcomes.
Impacts of Adding Porous Media and Phase Change Material on Performance of Solar Water Distiller System Under Iraq Climatic Condition: An Experimental Study
Authors: Basim Mohammed A. , Alomar Omar Rafae 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis current investigation involves an experimental inspection of adding porous medium and phase change material (PCM) above the absorber surface to enhance the performance of a single slope and single basin solar water distiller system. To demonstrate the effectiveness of adding porous medium and PCM, the performance of the modified system and conventional system is compared under similar operating conditions. The system that uses porous medium and PCM is called MSS‐FPP, whereas the conventional system is called MSS‐F. Rectangular fins are fixed above the absorber plate for both models. For MSS‐FPP model, three different types of porous medium (stones, nuts, and black glass balls) are used in addition to paraffin wax filled inside circular tubes as a PCM. The data are collected in November and December 2023 in Mosul City, Iraq. The experiments are carried out under different water depths. The findings confirm that the performance of MSS‐FPP model is better than MSS‐F model by 41.32% (for water depth 3 cm) and 30.61% (for water depth 5 cm). The results also indicated that the water productivity of MSS‐FPP model is higher than MSS‐F model by 41.67% (for water depth 3 cm) and 30.65% (for water depth 5 cm). For MSS‐FPP model, the maximum water productivity and efficiency are obtained when using black glass balls as compared to nuts and stones types, where the highest water temperature and water productivity values are found equal 54°C and 1.01 kg/m2 for water depth 3 cm. The enhancement in the performance of modified solar water distiller system (MSS‐FPP) shows that using a porous medium and PCM has considerable impacts on the evaporation rate, heat exchange, and rate of heat transfer.
FHL2 expression by cancer‐associated fibroblasts promotes metastasis and angiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kanzaki Ryu , Reid Steven , Bolivar Paulina , Sjölund Jonas , Staaf Johan , Larsson Sara , Shintani Yasushi , Pietras Kristian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to the progression of lung cancer. Four and a half LIM domain protein‐2 (FHL2) is a component of focal adhesion structures. We analyzed the function of FHL2 expressed by CAFs in lung adenocarcinoma. Expression of FHL2 in fibroblast subtypes was investigated using database of single‐cell RNA‐sequencing of lung cancer tissue. The role of FHL2 in the proliferation and migration of CAFs was assessed. The effects of FHL2 knockout on the migration and invasion of human lung adenocarcinoma cells and tube formation of endothelial cells induced by CAF‐conditioned medium (CM) were evaluated. The effect of FHL2 knockout in CAFs on metastasis was determined using a murine orthotopic lung cancer model. The prognostic significance of stromal FHL2 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in human adenocarcinoma specimens. FHL2 is highly expressed in myofibroblasts in cancer tissue. TGF‐β1 upregulated FHL2 expression in CAFs and FHL2 knockdown attenuated CAF proliferation. FHL2 knockout reduced CAF induced migration of A110L and H23 human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, and the induction of tube formation of endothelial cells. FHL2 knockout reduced CAF‐induced metastasis of lung adenocarcinomas in an orthotopic model in vivo. The concentration of Osteopontin (OPN) in CM from CAF was downregulated by FHL2 knockout. siRNA silencing and antibody blocking of OPN reduced the pro‐migratory effect of CM from CAF on lung cancer cells. In resected lung adenocarcinoma specimens, positive stromal FHL2 expression was significantly associated with higher microvascular density and worse prognosis. In conclusion, FHL2 expression by CAFs enhances the progression of lung adenocarcinoma by promoting angiogenesis and metastasis.
HPV 16/18 E7 oncoprotein detection as a promising triage strategy for HPV 16/18‐positive patients: A prospective multicenter study with a 2‐year follow up
Authors: Cao Yang , Xiao Xiaoping , Liang Dandan , Lu Ye , Liu Chongdong , Li Hua , Wang Wei , Yang Junjun , Wang Jinhui , Li Yan , Li Caijuan , Guan Ruoli , Zhang Dai , Bi Hui , Zhang Lei , Qu Hong , Xu Tao , Zhang Ying , Wang Jin , Song Shuhui , Shi Honghui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness of HPV 16/18 E7 oncoprotein in detecting high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and predicting disease outcomes in HPV 16/18‐positive patients.MethodsThe present study was a cross‐sectional study with a 2‐year follow up. We collected 915 cervical exfoliated cell samples from patients who tested positive for HPV 16/18 in gynecologic clinics of three tertiary hospitals in Beijing from March 2021 to October 2022 for HPV 16/18 E7 oncoprotein testing. Subsequently, 2‐year follow up of 408 patients with baseline histologic CIN1 or below were used to investigate the predictive role of HPV 16/18 E7 oncoprotein in determining HPV persistent infection and disease progression.ResultsThe positivity rate of the HPV 16/18 E7 oncoprotein assay was 42.06% (249/592) in the inflammation/CIN 1 group and 85.45% (277/324) in the CIN2+ group. For CIN2+ detection, using the HPV 16/18 E7 oncoprotein assay combined with HPV 16/18 testing, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 85.45%, 57.94%, 52.57%, and 87.95%, respectively. During the 2‐year follow up, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for predicting persistent HPV infection were 48.44%, 58.21%, 34.64%, and 71.18% in the baseline inflammation and CIN1 group.ConclusionsAs a triage method for high‐grade CIN screening in HPV 16/18‐positive patients, HPV 16/18 E7 oncoprotein demonstrated a relatively high NPV, making it suitable for clinical use in triaging HPV 16/18‐positive cases and potentially reducing the colposcopic referral rate. HPV 16/18 E7 oncoprotein exhibited a preferably predictive value in determining HPV infection outcomes and disease progression.
Novelty Seeking Differences in Temporal Dynamics for Novelty and Appropriateness Processing of Creative Information: An ERP Investigation
Authors: Lyu Yuanjing , Xiang Shuoqi , Jiang Zexuan , Bai Huizhi , Huang Junjie , Yang Weixing , Wang Xing , Qi Senqing , Hu Weiping 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTNovelty seeking has been found to affect creative performance, but its impact on the temporal dynamics of creative information processing remains unclear. Creative information is identified by two key indicators—novelty and appropriateness. To explore the effect of novelty seeking on the temporal processing of novelty and appropriateness, a revised alternative uses task (AUT) was conducted with 29 high novelty‐seeking (HNS) and 31 low novelty‐seeking (LNS) individuals. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) and spontaneous blink rate (EBR) were used to measure temporal dynamics and infer physiological mechanisms. (1) For novelty processing, HNS individuals performed quicker information processing (shorter N1/P2 latency) and had a greater capacity to recognize semantic distance (higher P600 peak amplitude). (2) For appropriate processing, HNS individuals also had a faster information processing rate (shorter N1/P2 latency). (3) HNS individuals had higher baseline EBR and showed enhancements in cognitive speed based on real‐time EBR. In contrast, the LNS group did not show the same improvement even with increased attention allocation. These findings expand the application of the Novelty Seeking Model (NGM) in creative information processing. Additionally, the results of EBR suggest that dopamine might be the critical physiological mechanism through which novelty‐seeking influences creative information processing.
Statistics of Visceral Sarcoma in Japan: Report From the Population‐Based National Cancer Registry (NCR) in Japan
Authors: Muramatsu Shudai , Ogura Koichi , Morizane Chigusa , Satake Tomoyuki , Toda Yu , Iwata Shintaro , Kobayashi Eisuke , Higashi Takahiro , Ikeuchi Masahiko , Kawai Akira 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesSarcomas developing in the visceral organs are extremely rare, with no previous reports to describe their national epidemiology. We analyzed Japanese domestic statistics for visceral sarcoma, using the National Cancer Registry (NCR) in Japan, a population‐based database launched in 2016.MethodsWe identified 3245 cases of visceral sarcomas in the NCR dated 2016–2019 to analyze demographic and disease information, initial diagnostic process, volume and type of the hospitals, treatment, and prognosis.ResultsVisceral sarcoma shows a higher prevalence in the older generation (60+ years), with a significant male predominance (p = 0.006). Leiomyosarcomas occurred frequently in the gastrointestinal tract (N = 240; 39.5%), and angiosarcomas in the liver, gall bladder, pancreas, and spleen (N = 244; 43.9%). Visceral sarcomas were often treated in facilities of lower volume without specific adjuvant treatments (p < 0.001). The cumulative 3‐year overall survival was 44.8%, and several factors such as surgery or absence of chemotherapy positively affected survival.ConclusionsThis is the first nationwide study in Japan to analyze the inclusive epidemiology of visceral sarcomas. Visceral sarcomas are characterized by senior and male predominance with relatively poor prognosis, often managed in nonspecialized facilities and rarely with adjuvant therapies. Several histologic subtypes had the propensity to develop in specific organs.
Straw Returning With No‐Tillage Alleviates Microbial Metabolic Carbon Limitation and Improves Soil Multifunctionality in the Northeast Plain
Authors: Chu Juncong , Wang Lihong , Jia Rong , Zhou Jie , Zang Huadong , Wang Junhe , Yang Yadong , Jiang Ying , Wang Yuxian , Peixoto Leanne , Zeng Zhaohai 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTStraw returning has been broadly recognized as an agronomic strategy to manage soil quality and has great potential to enhance soil fertility. However, soil microbial metabolism and ecosystem multifunctionality in response to various straw returning strategies in the black soil remain poorly understood. Here, a 5‐year field trial was conducted to discover the effects of four straw management strategies (SIDP, straw incorporation by deep ploughing; SIRT, straw incorporation by rotary tillage; SM, straw mulching with no‐tillage; SR, straw removal with no‐tillage) on the soil biochemical properties in the topsoil (0–20 cm) and subsoil (20–40 cm). SM maintained soil fertility, as evidenced by increases in soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, and nitrogen, compared with SIDP and SR. Additionally, this strategy promoted microbial biomass. It also stimulated nutrient cycling through increased enzyme activity. Meanwhile, SM alleviated microbial carbon limitation and promoted the shift of soil microbial metabolism from P limitation to N limitation compared to other treatments, especially in the subsoil. This shift was directly influenced by soil available nutrients and microbial properties, as revealed by the partial least‐squares path modeling analysis. Besides, SM promoted soil ecosystem multifunctionality by 29%–37% in both soil layers compared to SIDP and SR. Random forest analysis indicated that soil microbial biomass and activity were the main drivers of this increase in multifunctionality. In conclusion, straw returning with no‐tillage is an optimal straw management strategy for improving the soil biochemical properties, stimulating enzyme activities, alleviating microbial carbon limitation, and increasing ecosystem multifunctionality in the Northeast Plain.
Power Distribution Within Government–Nonprofit Partnerships and Individual Charitable Decisions
Authors: Zhang Youlang , Tian Yuan , Hung ChiaKo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper postulates that the power distribution within a government–nonprofit partnership (GNP) shapes individual charitable decisions (e.g., giving or volunteering) by influencing the perceived effectiveness of a GNP and the perceived needs of the involved nonprofit. Empirically, we designed three vignettes (i.e., government‐led GNP, co‐led GNP, and nonprofit‐led GNP) and randomly distributed them among 907 American respondents recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) in a recent experiment. Analyses provide consistent evidence to support the inhibitive effect of nonprofit domination in the decision‐making of a GNP on voluntary contributions.
The effect of carbon fiber length on the thermal expansion of fiber‐reinforced particulate hybrid composites
Authors: Lu‐yan Ju , Xing‐kai Li , Xue‐ni Zhang , Zhao‐yuan Zhang , Yao‐wu Zhang , Kang Ai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThermal expansion of materials is a critical factor influencing their dimensional stability. This study explores the regulation of thermal expansion in composite materials through the incorporation of carbon fibers and zirconium tungstate particles. The influence of fiber length on the thermal expansion behavior of these composites was investigated. The investigation reveal that the variation in the relative elongation ratio (dl/L0) of the carbon fiber‐reinforced zirconium tungstate composites is nonlinear, characterized by an initial increase, subsequent decrease, and a final resurgence. Notably, an increase in fiber length results in a mitigated rate of increase in the (dl/L0) ratio. Furthermore, composites fabricated with shorter fibers exhibit a higher coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Upon elevating the temperature to 250°C, the CTE for composites reinforced with 100 and 500 mesh carbon fibers escalate to 24.5 × 10−6/K and 74.6 × 10−6/K, respectively. These values represent an 8% and 116% enhancement relative to those measured at 50°C.Highlights
The thermal expansion properties are improved by adding carbon fiber and ZrW2O8 nanoparticles.
Utilizing fiber lengths ranging from 100 to 500 mesh effectively diminishes the CTE.
The Cf‐ZrW2O8/9621 composite exhibits non‐linear behavior in its dl/L0 ratio.
Within the range, longer fibers are more beneficial for reducing the CTE.
Regeneration and Surface Hardening of Titanium Components Using the Example of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V
Authors: Carstensen J. Torben , Hassel Thomas , Maier Hans Jürgen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, two different methods for repairing titanium components are presented. These include patch repair and additive repair using metal inert gas welding and wire-and-arc additive manufacturing. The use of inoculant and flux to affect the weld zone is discussed for both repair methods. Using the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, it is shown that both flux and inoculant can be used to improve the mechanical properties of the overall joint. In addition, local atmospheric nitriding is presented, which is a method to locally harden the surface of titanium components. Surface hardness of more than 800 HV1 were achieved.
Influence of Regeneration-Induced Mistuning on the Aeroelasticity of Multistage Axial Compressors
Authors: Schwerdt Lukas , Maroldt Niklas , Panning-von Scheidt Lars , Wallaschek Joerg , Seume Joerg R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrent developments in turbomachinery favor blade designs which are characterized by low damping. The associated reduction of structural damping, however, creates new problems such as higher vibration amplitudes. Therefore, accurate predictions of these vibration amplitudes and of the fatigue life become increasingly important. Analyzing multistage machinery by only simulating isolated stages can be insufficient. This is particularly the case during repair processes when mistuning, such as that created by wear and repair, magnifies said amplitudes. In this chapter selected current results of the subproject C6 of the Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 871 are presented, building on the earlier research in the subprojects C3 and C6 focussing on mistuning and aeroelasticity, respectively. First, a simulation approach which accounts for structural and aeroelastic interstage coupling under conditions of mistuning is described, followed by an approach for incorporating large mistuning effects into a reduced order model of a single rotor stage. The former model is used to study the effect of intentional mistuning to decrease the sensitivity to additional mistuning due to wear and repair and to allow for smaller safety margins. The aeroelastic models are validated for a 11/2-stage axial compressor.
Multiscale Measurement of Blade Geometries with Robot-Supported, Laser-Positioned Multi-sensor-Techniques
Authors: Sliti Tim , Kästner Markus , Reithmeier Eduard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe regeneration of aircraft engine components requires a thorough assessment of the current condition. Based on this, a suitable repair strategy can be selected. To provide a measurement system, which can be used for the inspection of worn components, various optical measurement methods were combined to create a multi-sensor system. To completely reconstruct complex geometries a 6-axis industrial robot and an additional rotational axis are applied. This robot-assisted multi-sensor system is used to digitise and characterise turbine blades of aircraft engines. The inspection process is non-destructive and different features are measured to acquire a holistic model. The sensors are used to reconstruct the 3-D geometry in different scale ranges and characterise the surface based on reflection properties. Afterwards, the data of each individual sensor are transferred into a uniform coordinate system. To ensure high sensitivity to wear and damage, a model-based system calibration and a data interface for subsequent diagnostics and simulations are essential to provide a reliable assessment of the performance and durability of the inspected components.
Adaptable and Component-Protecting Disassembly in the Regeneration Path
Authors: Blümel Richard , Raatz Annika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe disassembly initiates a product’s maintenance and regeneration. In order not to cause any additional damage to the components during disassembly, which would lead to higher repair costs or, in the worst case, to destruction and loss of the components, disassembly must be as gentle as possible on the components. Due to ambiguous causes, such as thermal or mechanical product loads during operation, the unknown product condition is a characteristic uncertainty factor in disassembly. This paper presents approaches and methods on how the disassembly of complex capital goods, which is usually carried out manually, can be automated while still being protective on components and adaptable to varying product conditions. Manual disassembly procedures are substituted using micro impacts induced by a piezo actuator. A learning model predicts optimized process parameters based on varying operational usage scenarios.