bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LINE1 promotes nuclear compartmentalization to repress the 8-cell state in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Zhang Juan , Ataei Lamisa , Wu Liang , Mittal Kirti , Huynh Linh , Sarajideen Shahil , Mazid Abdul , Cook David P. , Trcka Daniel , Tse Kevin , Wrana Jeffrey L. , Hoffman Michael M. , Esteban Miguel A. , Ramalho-Santos Miguel 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe family of LINE1 transposable elements underwent a massive expansion in mammalian genomes. While traditionally viewed as a mutagenic selfish element, recent studies point to roles for LINE1 in early mouse development, T cell quiescence and neurogenesis. Here we show that human LINE1 RNA is essential for self-renewal and identity of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Silencing of LINE1 using either antisense oligonucleotides or CRISPR interference in naïve hESCs leads to a strong induction of 8C-like cells (8CLCs). We found that genes derepressed upon LINE1 KD are not uniformly distributed across the genome, with an enrichment for chromosome 19, which includes key markers of the 8C state such asTPRX1. Silencing ofTPRX1, but not other putative 8C regulatorsp53orH3.XY, suppresses the induction of the 8C program in LINE1 KD hESCs. We found that LINE1 RNA is preferentially localized to the lamina and periphery of the nucleolus in hESCs. Sequencing of Lamina-Associated Domains (LADs) and Nucleolus-Associated Domains (NADs) reveals a preferential association of chromosome 19 with NADs in hESCs. However, 8CLCs have a distinct nucleolar morphology and a lower association of chromosome 19 andTPRX1loci with the nucleolus relative to naïve and primed hESCs, suggesting a role for nucleolar dynamics in the 8CLC-hESC transition. In agreement, LINE1 KD leads to disruption of nucleolar architecture with signs of nucleolar stress. Independent perturbations of the nucleolus induce the 8C program in hESCs. Genes induced by LINE1 KD are enriched for targets of Polycomb Repressive Complex (PRC2), and inhibition of PRC2 leads to a strong induction of 8C genes. Our results indicate that LINE1 coordinates nuclear compartmentalization and chromatin-mediated gene repression to prevent developmental reversion of hESCs.HighlightsKnockdown of LINE1 induces TPRX1-dependent emergence of 8C-like cells in hESCs.Genes de-repressed upon LINE1 KD are enriched for Chr 19 and PRC2 targets.8CLCs display dissociation of Chromosome 19 from the nucleolus.Disruption of the nucleolus or inhibition of PRC2 strongly induce the 8C program.
Olfactory and Trigeminal Routes of HSV-1 CNS Infection with Regional Microglial Heterogeneity
Authors: Niemeyer Christy S. , Merle Laetitia , Bubak Andrew N. , Dnate’ Baxter B. , Polese Arianna Gentile , Colon-Reyes Katherine , Vang Sandy , Hassell James E. , Bruce Kimberley D. , Nagel Maria A. , Restrepo Diego 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) primarily targets the oral and nasal epithelia before establishing latency in the trigeminal and other peripheral ganglia (TG). HSV-1 can also infect and go latent in the central nervous system (CNS) independent of latency in the TGs. Recent studies suggest entry to the CNS via two distinct routes: the TG-brainstem connection and olfactory nerve; however, to date, there is no characterization of brain regions targeted during HSV-1 primary infection. Furthermore, the immune response by microglia may also contribute to the heterogeneity between different brain regions. However, the response to HSV-1 by microglia has not been characterized in a region-specific manner. This study investigated the time course of HSV-1 spread within the olfactory epithelium (OE) and CNS following intranasal inoculation and the corresponding macrophage/microglial response in a C57BL/6 mouse model. We found an apical to basal spread of HSV-1 within the OE and underlying tissue accompanied by an inflammatory response of macrophages. OE Infection was followed by infection of a small subset of brain regions targeted by the TG in the brainstem, as well as other cranial nerve nuclei, including the vagus and hypoglossal nerve. Furthermore, other brain regions were positive for HSV-1 antigens, such as the locus coeruleus (LC), raphe nucleus (RaN), and hypothalamus, while sparing the hippocampus and cortex. Within each brain region, microglia activation also varied widely. These findings provide critical insights into the region-specific dissemination of HSV-1 within the CNS, elucidating potential mechanisms linking viral infection to neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.ImportanceThis study sheds light on how herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) spreads within the brain after infecting the nasal passages. Our data reveals the distinct pattern of HSV-1 through the brain during a non-encephalitic infection. Furthermore, microglial activation was also temporally and spatially specific, with some regions of the brain having sustained microglial activation even in the absence of viral antigen. Previous reports have identified specific regions of the brain found to be positive for HSV-1 infection; however, to date, there has not been a concise investigation of the anatomical spread of HSV-1 and the regions of the brain consistently vulnerable to viral entry and spread. Understanding these region-specific differences in infection and immune response is crucial because it links HSV-1 infection to potential triggers for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
Effects of sensorimotor delays and muscle force capacity limits on the performance of feedforward and feedback control in animals of different sizes
Authors: Mohamed Thangal Sayed Naseel , More Heather L. , Remy C. David , Donelan J. Maxwell 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnimals rely on both feedforward and feedback control for perturbation responses. When comparing animals of different sizes, we find that several features that affect perturbation responses change—larger animals have longer sensorimotor time delays, heavier body segments and proportionally weaker muscles. We used simple computational models to compare fast perturbation response times under feedforward and feedback control, as a function of animal size. We developed two tasks representing common perturbation response scenarios in animal locomotion: a distributed mass pendulum approximating swing limb repositioning (swing task), and an inverted pendulum approximating whole body posture recovery (posture task). First, we used a normalized feedback control system to show how feedback response times can either be limited by the force generation capacity of muscles (force-limited), or by sensorimotor delays which constrain the maximum feedback gains that can be used to produce stable responses (delay-limited). Next, we used more detailed scaled models which represent the full-size range of terrestrial mammals and parameterized the sensorimotor delays, maximum muscle forces, and inertial properties using published scaling relationships from literature. Across animal size and in both tasks, we found that feedback control was primarily delay-limited—the fastest responses used a fraction of the available muscle force capacity. Feedforward control, which is able to fully activate muscles and produce faster responses—was about four times faster than feedback control in the smallest animals, and around two times faster in the largest animals. For rapid perturbation responses, feedback control appears ineffective for terrestrial mammals of all sizes, as the fastest response times exceeded available movement times, while feedforward control did not. Thus, feedforward control is more effective for reacting quickly to sudden and large perturbations in animals of all sizes.
Real-Time Observation of Frustrated Ultrafast Recovery from Ionization in Nanostructured
SiO2
Using Laser-Driven Accelerators
Authors: Kennedy J. P. , Coughlan M. , Fitzpatrick C. R. J. , Huddleston H. M. , Smyth J. , Breslin N. , Donnelly H. , Villagomez-Bernabe B. , Rosmej O. N. , Currell F. , Stella L. , Riley D. , Zepf M. , Yeung M. , Lewis C. L. S. , Dromey B. 
Published: September 2024

Ionizing radiation interactions in matter can trigger a cascade of processes that underpin long-lived damage in the medium. To date, however, a lack of suitable methodologies has precluded our ability to understand the role that material nanostructure plays in this cascade. Here, we use transient photoabsorption to track the lifetime of free electrons (τc) in bulk and nanostructured SiO2 (aerogel) irradiated by picosecond-scale (10−12  s) bursts of x rays and protons from a laser-driven accelerator. Optical streaking reveals a sharp increase in τc from <1  ps to >50  ps over a narrow average density (ρav) range spanning the expected phonon-fracton crossover in aerogels. Numerical modeling suggests that this discontinuity can be understood by a quenching of rapid, phonon-assisted recovery in irradiated nanostructured SiO2. This is shown to lead to an extended period of enhanced energy density in the excited electron population. Overall, these results open a direct route to tracking how low-level processes in complex systems can underpin macroscopically observed phenomena and, importantly, the conditions that permit them to emerge.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Simulating the induction welding process of thermoplastic composite materials for aircraft structures
Authors: Polydoropoulou Panagiota , Cosma Leonardo , Labeas George , Markatos Dionysios , Dotoli Rosario , Felline Francesca 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to use two different numerical approaches to simulate the induction welding process for a hybrid thermoplastic material, and the results have been validated experimentally.

Design/methodology/approach
The first approach used a numerical model that combines electromagnetism, heat transfer and solid mechanics in the same numerical environment using Hexagon Marc software. Simultaneously, a computationally efficient approach combined steady-state electromagnetism results at specific intervals in the Ansys EM suite with heat transfer and solid mechanics in Ansys Workbench.

Findings
The results from both numerical approaches showed a strong correlation with the experimental findings.

Originality/value
The current research offers valuable insights into enhancing induction welding procedures within the aerospace industry, as well as across broader industrial applications. The synergistic combination of numerical simulations and experimental validation served as a robust framework for future research endeavors aimed at enhancing the efficiency, reliability and quality of thermoplastic welding techniques.
Emotional regulation, self-compassion and adaptive functioning in parents: a comparative study in families of neurodevelopmental disorder and typically developing children
Authors: Avdiu Festona , Hyseni Duraku Zamira 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the associations between emotional regulation strategies, self-compassion and adaptive functioning in families of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in comparison to families with typically developing (TD) children.

Design/methodology/approach
This cross-sectional study used a comprehensive set of validated measures to assess emotional regulation strategies, self-compassion and adaptive functioning. The study cohort consisted of 116 parents; 58 parents of children with NDD and 58 parents of TD children. The mean age of the children was 6.40 years (SD = 1.82).

Findings
The findings indicate that higher self-compassion is associated with improved adaptive functioning, evidenced by reduced levels of internalizing (depression, anxiety, withdrawal, somatic complaints) and externalizing (aggressive behaviors) problems. Parents of children with NDD reported greater levels of depression, anxiety and withdrawal compared to parents of TD children. Parents of TD children used cognitive reappraisal more frequently and exhibited higher levels of self-compassion, whereas the use of expressive suppression was more prevalent among parents of children with NDD.

Practical implications
These findings highlight the need for family-centered and tailored interventions that promote self-compassion and adaptive emotional regulation strategies to reduce internalizing and externalizing problems among parents of children with NDD. By providing comprehensive psychological support and accessible community resources, parental ability to cope with stress may be improved, fostering adaptive functioning that benefits both parents and children with NDD.

Originality/value
This study introduces a novel perspective on the importance of self-compassion and emotional regulation strategies in protecting and improving the mental well-being of parents with neurodevelopmental disorder children. It provides valuable insights for targeted interventions in NDD families, focusing on reducing the risk of mental health deterioration while promoting emotional resilience.
Blockchain applications in the agri-food sector: current insights, challenges and research avenues
Authors: Terrizzi Giovanna , Marino Alba , Cinici Maria Cristina , Baglieri Daniela 
Published: September 2024

PurposeWith the growing entrepreneurial enthusiasm surrounding blockchain, there has been a notable surge in academic discussions regarding the business implications of integrating this technology into the agri-food industry. This trend is expected to persist and evolve in the future. Hence, there is a need to organize and consolidate the existing knowledge, discern prevailing trends and articulate a comprehensive roadmap for guiding future research endeavors in this domain.Design/methodology/approachWe combine bibliometric network analyses with a detailed systematic review of the related management literature published between 2008 and 2022.FindingsOur results indicate that debate has clustered around the operations management domain, with a dominance of practice-oriented topics. Most of the literature has been published in top-tier journals, with a recent opening toward empirical research and conceptualization efforts. Both signs show that scholars have acknowledged the prominence of the construct and started to theorize about it. Eventually, the analysis provides a conceptual map, unveils the trends emerging in the received studies and yields conclusions that are helpful to scholars engaging with digital tools in traditional industries.Originality/valueOur approach blends quantitative analysis with a comprehensive and systematic overview, providing a complementary viewpoint on the topic.
What influences women’s participation in the private sector workforce in Oman?
Authors: Belwal Rakesh , Belwal Shweta , AlHashemi Suhaila Ebrahim 
Published: September 2024

PurposeWomen’s employment has been a contentious issue in the Arab world. However, in today’s changing work conditions, workplaces, and the growth in education, women have increasingly occupied higher-level roles, and their presence in diverse industries has expanded. The study takes a holistic approach to female labor force participation (FLFP) in Oman, encompassing various theories and factors influencing women’s engagement in private sector jobs.Design/methodology/approachThe research employed an exploratory design followed by a qualitative analysis based on a constructivist grounded theory approach. The study involved 170 semi-structured face-to-face interviews with women workers in Oman’s private sector. It explored work–family conflict (WFC), work–life balance (WLB), organizational and family support, and societal bias impacting female labor force participation.FindingsThe low FLFP in Oman’s private sector is a complex issue shaped by various interconnected challenges. Our qualitative analysis synthesizes a conceptual framework that highlights WFC and WLB as pivotal factors behind low FLFP, as women in the private sector face long work hours, low salaries, and high responsibilities. Our study confirms that these women receive substantial familial support in dealing with WFC but lack organizational support and family-friendly policies (FFPs).Practical implicationsAddressing the low participation of women in Oman’s private sector labor force necessitates comprehensive strategies encompassing legislative measures, cultural shifts, and organizational reforms. Implementing these strategies creates an environment where women feel empowered to participate and actively thrive in the private sector workforce.Social implicationsThis study indicates the presence of some serious social issues, such as society’s bias, lack of support for working women, and the gender gap in the private sector workforce, which has broad implications and significance for Oman. The study indicates the positive role of support women receive from their families, organizations, and Oman labor law and what could improve their participation further.Originality/valueThis study addresses the limited research on challenges encountered by women in Oman’s private-sector workforce. Our research addresses this gap by answering key questions, collecting and interpreting data, and developing a comprehensive conceptual framework. This framework aims to elucidate the factors contributing to women’s reluctance to pursue private-sector employment, considering the diverse issues they confront.
Hospitality in the age of Gen Z: a critical reflection on evolving customer and workforce expectations
Authors: Seyfi Siamak , Vo-Thanh Tan , Zaman Mustafeed 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
Gen Z, the largest and fastest-growing consumer generation, is transforming the hospitality industry as both customers and employees. By critically synthesizing empirical literature, this study aims to explore how this generation’s distinct behaviors are reshaping customer expectations and workforce trends within the sector.

Design/methodology/approach
A critical synthesis of empirical studies was used to examine current research on Gen Z as customers and employees in the hospitality industry.

Findings
Gen Z exhibits distinct preferences and expectations in their dual roles as customers and employees, prompting substantial shifts in hospitality industry standards and practices. They rely heavily on digital channels and peer recommendations when making travel decisions and expect highly personalized, tech-enabled experiences. This young cohort of travelers values unique, authentic and sustainable offerings. As employees, Gen Z prioritizes flexible work arrangements, career growth and workplaces aligned with sustainability, diversity and social responsibility. Hospitality providers must adapt their customer experience, marketing and HR strategies to meet these evolving demands.

Practical implications
To engage Gen Z customers and employees in the hospitality industry effectively, businesses must prioritize personalized experiences, leverage technology and adopt sustainable practices aligned with Gen Z’s social and environmental values. Moreover, offering adaptable work environments with remote opportunities and investing in professional development enhances appeal for Gen Z employees. Understanding Gen Z’s values and behaviors can help businesses improve customer satisfaction, attract top talent and remain competitive in a rapidly evolving market.

Originality/value
This study represents a preliminary endeavor to provide a critical assessment of Gen Z in the hospitality and tourism sector, offering novel insights into their travel behaviors, preferences and work values. It explores their expectations, attitudes toward work and career choices, offering guidance on how businesses can meet the evolving demands of this key demographic.
Effects of customer inoculation on artificial intelligence service failure
Authors: Meng Lu (Monroe) , Chen Jiuqi , Yang Mengya , Wang Yijie 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of customer inoculation strategies in the context of AI service failures in the hospitality and tourism industries. Furthermore, it examines how these strategies can enhance customer complaint behavior and satisfaction with service recovery, thereby improving the overall service experience.

Design/methodology/approach
Four distinct studies were conducted: Study 1 investigated the influence of customer inoculation on complaint behavior post-AI service failure. Study 2 assessed the impact of service remedies on customer satisfaction. Study 3 explored the implications of initial purchase and usage intentions. Finally, Study 4 validated the findings using a large-scale online survey.

Findings
The results indicated that customer inoculation significantly increases customer complaint behavior and satisfaction with service remedies following AI service failures. They also showed that this relationship is mediated by psychological distance. Furthermore, customer inoculation positively affects initial purchase and usage intentions, demonstrating effectiveness at various customer engagement stages.

Practical implications
This study enriches the literature on AI hospitality service failure and recovery by introducing the novel concept of customer inoculation. Additionally, it significantly contributes to the inoculation theory literature, which covers diverse fields. Practically, this study proposes an efficient and low-cost strategy for marketers.

Originality/value
This study introduces the concept of customer inoculation in the context of AI service failures, a novel approach in the hospitality and tourism literature. It provides empirical evidence of the efficacy of the strategy, bridging a crucial gap in understanding customer behavior in the face of technological disruptions.
A critical insight into the intersection of sustainability and technology
Authors: Afaq Anam , Gaur Loveleen , Singh Gurmeet , Erben Michal , Ferraris Alberto 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the role of blockchain (BCT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in enhancing and incentivizing environmentally responsible, socially inclusive and economically viable tourism practices within the hospitality and tourism (H&T) industry.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on a critical reflection research approach that enables a synthesis of information derived from existing literature's insights and the authors' experiences and observations. By examining frameworks and theories in the literature, critical reflection also helps develop a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Findings
This study portrays how BCT could be used to track the sustainability credentials of tourism providers and how AI can optimize energy usage in hotels. This study depicts how adopting technology-driven sustainable practices in the H&T industry can increase profitability, improve reputation, compliance with regulations, efficiency and a better guest experience.

Practical implications
The study suggests targeted actions and policy frameworks that can be tailored to different stakeholder groups (hospitality businesses, policymakers and tourists) to overcome barriers and maximize the positive societal and environmental impacts of adopting BCT and AI for sustainable tourism.

Originality/value
The originality of this study lies in its ability to offer new perspectives and novel recommendations on the diverse uses of AI and BCT in the context of sustainable tourism. Furthermore, the study provides strategic and policy elements (Targeted actions and policy frameworks) for stakeholders to integrate sustainable tourism practices using BCT and AI successfully. This study differs from earlier review studies that primarily focused on adopting emerging technologies and ignoring the sustainability angle in the use of technology.