bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When structure leads to sex: Untangling signals in population genetic data sets
Authors: Catchen Julian 
Published: December 2017

A robust signal of population structure often provides the first glimpse into the evolutionary history of a species and its populations. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, new work from Louis Bernatchez's group (Benestan et al., ) starts with an investigation of apparent structure in two marine species and concludes with an identification of sex‐linked genes, and in the process provides a model for robust analysis. Structure is the genetic signal left by natural selection as well as by neutral processes like migration and gene flow. Neutral areas of the genome can reveal the geographical relationships and related gene flow between populations over time and space, while selection can resist the natural genomic turnover created by recombination and generate adaptive structure between populations that can be detected. However, artefacts in a data set can easily hide the true signal of structure; mutation, whether it is a true appearance of a recent, minor allele, or more commonly, an error in SNP calling or molecular library construction, can easily conceal patterns of population structure (e.g., geographical structure in mackerel, Rodriguez‐Ezpeleta et al. ()). A demographic structure that results from the most “forceful” evolutionary processes can overwhelm another signal generated by other, unrelated phenotypes. For example, the structure among diverged freshwater and marine threespine stickleback populations results from such strong selection and linkage disequilibrium across the genome that it impairs the ability to disentangle the genetic basis of particular evolved morphological traits (e.g., opercle development, Alligood ()). Finally, there might be conflicting inferences for what underlies structure patterns. Structure may be created by differential patterns of meiotic recombination, and genetic maps are a reliable means for identifying genomic regions that resist recombination. But, without additional information (Anderson et al., ), it can be difficult to distinguish the recombination‐suppressing effect of a segregating genomic inversion (Small et al., ) from that of sex‐linked selection.
The shock of the old: architectural preservation in Soviet Russia
Authors: Kelly Catriona 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn Soviet sources from the Brezhnev era, the history of architectural preservation after 1917 was presented as a triumph of rational state‐building and cultural organisation: with the support of Lenin, the Bolshevik government had rapidly put in place effective measures to protect historic buildings for future generations. As this article shows, the evolution of legislative and practical measures was considerably more complicated than this optimistic representation would suggest. In the early Soviet period, a highly ideologised understanding of the past meant that preservationist ambitions might (especially during the ‘Great Break’ of 1928–1932) be seen as intrinsically reactionary. The canon of historical buildings was shaped by perceptions of centrality to Soviet values, as well as historical and aesthetic importance. The article also explores the transformation of attitudes to architectural heritage as a response to destruction by the invading forces during the ‘Great Patriotic War’, after which commitment to preservation became far more whole‐hearted, although enforcement and financial support continued to be inconsistent. The Soviet case indicates not just the importance of heritage preservation to the cultural ambitions and self‐image of the modern state but the limits of commitment to preservation and the pressure placed on this by the commitment to all‐out modernisation and to the propaganda of new identities and values.
Identification of somatic mutations in postmortem human brains by whole genome sequencing and their implications for psychiatric disorders
Authors: Nishioka Masaki , Bundo Miki , Ueda Junko , Katsuoka Fumiki , Sato Yukuto , Kuroki Yoko , Ishii Takao , Ukai Wataru , Murayama Shigeo , Hashimoto Eri , Nagasaki Masao , Yasuda Jun , Kasai Kiyoto , Kato Tadafumi , Iwamoto Kazuya 
Published: December 2017

AimSomatic mutations in the human brain are hypothesized to contribute to the functional diversity of brain cells as well as the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases. However, there are still few reports on somatic mutations in non‐neoplastic human brain tissues. This study attempted to unveil the landscape of somatic mutations in the human brain.MethodsWe explored the landscape of somatic mutations in human brain tissues derived from three individuals with no neuropsychiatric diseases by whole‐genome deep sequencing at a depth of around 100. The candidate mutations underwent multi‐layered filtering, and were validated by ultra‐deep target amplicon sequencing at a depth of around 200 000.ResultsThirty‐one somatic mutations were identified in the human brain, demonstrating the utility of whole‐genome sequencing of bulk brain tissue. The mutations were enriched in neuron‐expressed genes, and two‐thirds of the identified somatic single nucleotide variants in the brain tissues were cytosine‐to‐thymine transitions, half of which were in CpG dinucleotides.ConclusionOur developed filtering and validation approaches will be useful to identify somatic mutations in the human brain. The vulnerability of neuron‐expressed genes to mutational events suggests their potential relevance to neuropsychiatric diseases.
Influenza B virus infection and Stevens–Johnson syndrome
Authors: Tamez Rebecca L. , Tan Whitney V. , O'Malley John T. , Broder Karen R. , Garzon Maria C. , LaRussa Philip , Lauren Christine T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA 2‐year‐old boy with influenza B infection and rapidly worsening targetoid skin lesions with mucosal involvement was diagnosed with Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and treated with oseltamivir and intravenous immunoglobulin, with resolution of illness. Subsequent quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine was well tolerated. This case highlights the rarity of SJS in the setting of influenza B infection and addresses the safety of administering subsequent influenza vaccines to such individuals.
Preclinical efficacy and immunogenicity assessment to show that a chimeric Plasmodium falciparum UB05‐09 antigen could be a malaria vaccine candidate
Authors: Dinga J. N. , Gamua S. D. , Ghogomu S. M. , Titanji V. P. K. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAlthough it is generally agreed that an effective vaccine would greatly accelerate the control of malaria, the lone registered malaria vaccine Mosquirix™ has an efficacy of 30%‐60% that wanes rapidly, indicating a need for improved second‐generation malaria vaccines. Previous studies suggested that immune responses to a chimeric Plasmodium falciparum antigen UB05‐09 are associated with immune protection against malaria. Herein, the preclinical efficacy and immunogenicity of UB05‐09 are tested. Growth inhibition assay was employed to measure the effect of anti‐UB05‐09 antibodies on P. falciparum growth in vitro. BALB/c mice were immunized with UB05‐09 and challenged with the lethal Plasmodium yoelii 17XL infection. ELISA was used to measure antigen‐specific antibody production. ELISPOT assays were employed to measure interferon‐gamma production ex vivo after stimulation with chimeric UB05‐09 and its constituent antigens. Purified immunoglobulins raised in rabbits against UB05‐09 significantly inhibited P. falciparum growth in vitro compared to that of its respective constituent antigens. A combination of antibodies to UB05‐09 and the apical membrane antigen (AMA1) completely inhibited P. falciparum growth in culture. Immunization of BALB/c mice with recombinant UB05‐09 blocked parasitaemia and protected them against lethal P. yoelii 17XL challenge infection. These data suggest that UB05‐09 is a malaria vaccine candidate that could be developed further and used in conjunction with AMA1 to create a potent malaria vaccine.
Seed germination and seedling allogamy inRosmarinus officinalis: the costs of inbreeding
Authors: Garcia‐Fayos P. , Castellanos M. C. , Segarra‐Moragues J. G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSelf‐pollination by geitonogamy is likely in self‐compatible plants that simultaneously expose a large number of flowers to pollinators. However, progeny of these plants is often highly allogamous. Although mechanisms to increase cross‐pollination have been identified and studied, their relative importance has rarely been addressed simultaneously in plant populations.We usedRosmarinus officinalisto explore factors that influence the probability of self‐fertilisation due to geitonogamy or that purge its consequences, focusing on their effects on seed germination and allogamy rate. We experimentally tested the effect of geitonogamy on the proportion of filled seeds and how it influences germination rate. During two field seasons, we studied how life history and flowering traits of individuals influence seed germination and allogamy rates of their progeny in wild populations at the extremes of the altitudinal range. The traits considered were plant size, population density, duration of the flowering season, number of open flowers, flowering synchrony among individuals within populations and proportion of male‐sterile flowers.We found that most seeds obtained experimentally from self‐pollination were apparently healthy but empty, and that the proportion of filled seeds drove the differences in germination rate between self‐ and cross‐pollination experiments. Plants from wild populations consistently had low germination rate and high rate of allogamy, as determined with microsatellites. Germination rate related positively to the length of the flowering season, flowering synchrony and the ratio of male‐sterile flowers, whereas the rate of allogamous seedlings was positively related only to the ratio of male‐sterile flowers.Rosemary plants purge most of the inbreeding caused by its pollination system by aborting the seeds. This study showed that the rates of seed germination and allogamy of the seedlings depend on a complex combination of factors that vary in space and time. Male sterility of flowers, length of the flowering season and flowering synchrony of individuals within populations all favour high rates of cross‐pollination, therefore increasing germination and allogamy rates. Flowering traits appear to be highly plastic and respond to local and seasonal conditions.
Pain assessment practices in Swedish and Norwegian neonatal care units
Authors: Andersen Randi Dovland , Munsters Josanne M.A. , Vederhus Bente Johanne , Gradin Maria 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThe use of measurement scales to assess pain in neonates is considered a prerequisite for effective management of pain, but these scales are still underutilised in clinical practice.AimThe aim of this study was to describe and compare pain assessment practices including the use of pain measurement scales in Norwegian and Swedish neonatal care units.MethodsA unit survey investigating practices regarding pain assessment and the use of pain measurement scales was sent to all neonatal units in Sweden and Norway (n = 55). All Norwegian and 92% of Swedish units responded.ResultsA majority of the participating units (86.5%) assessed pain. Swedish units assessed and documented pain and used pain measurement scales more frequently than Norwegian units. The most frequently used scales were different versions of Astrid Lindgren's Pain Scale (ALPS) in Sweden and Echelle Douleur Inconfort Noveau‐Ne (EDIN), ALPS and Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) in Norway. Norwegian head nurses had more confidence in their pain assessment method and found the use of pain measurement scales more important than their Swedish colleagues.ConclusionThe persisting difference between Swedish and Norwegian units in pain assessment and the use of pain measurement scales are not easily explained. However, the reported increased availability and reported use of pain measurement scales in neonatal care units in both countries may be seen as a contribution towards better awareness and recognition of pain, better pain management and potentially less suffering for vulnerable neonates.
Serious hazards of transfusion – conference report: celebration of 20 years of UK haemovigilance
Authors: Bolton‐Maggs P. H. B. 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYThe Annual SHOT Report for incidents in 2016 was published on July 12 and celebrated of 20 years of UK haemovigilance. Components are very safe, related in part to risk‐reduction measures triggered by SHOT reporting. Transfusion‐related acute lung injury is now very rare (all plasma components are provided from male donors), and infection transmission is also uncommon – a single transmission of hepatitis E in 2016 and no bacterial transmissions. Human factors (errors) account for 87% of all reports. Deaths and major morbidity most often result from transfusion‐associated circulatory overload. Wrong transfusions and deaths from ABO‐incompatible transfusion can be reduced by correct bedside checks. It is notable that information technology systems may not be safe. Standardisation is required for flags and alerts. SHOT key recommendations include: assess patients for transfusion‐associated circulatory overload prior to transfusion. Be like a pilot – use a bedside checklist when setting up the transfusion.
Evaluation of the impact of a personalized postdonation short messaging service on the retention of whole blood donors
Authors: Gemelli Carley N. , Carver Alison , Garn Alana , Wright Stephen T. , Davison Tanya E. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDShort messaging service (SMS) is routinely used by blood collection agencies to remind donors about appointments but has been applied less frequently in interventions to increase return behavior. This study aimed to investigate whether receipt of a personalized postdonation SMS promoted donor retention.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA postdonation SMS was sent to 2605 whole blood donors who had donated at one of six donor centers in Australia from April to July 2015 and left without making a forward appointment. Once their donation was dispatched to a hospital or facility an SMS was sent informing the donor of the hospital or town to which their blood was dispatched. Donor's return behavior over 12 months was examined, comparing with a control group of donors who donated at the same donor centers but did not receive an SMS.RESULTSDonors who received the SMS had increased odds of returning to donate within 12 months, with 70.3% of these donors returning (adjusted odds ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.30‐1.71), compared with 62.6% of donors who did not receive the SMS. The SMS was effective in retaining first‐time, novice, and established donors at 12 months, but had no effect on experienced donors. The timing of the receipt of the SMS postdonation had no impact on donor retention.CONCLUSIONThis study highlights the potential of utilizing a postdonation SMS that informs donors where their blood has been dispatched as a cost‐effective tool to increase retention, particularly among new donors, who are traditionally more difficult to retain.
Can Africa compete with China in manufacturing? The role of relative unit labour costs
Authors: Golub Stephen S. , Ceglowski Janet , Mbaye Ahmadou Aly , Prasad Varun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper examines sub‐Saharan Africa's (SSA) bilateral trade and cost competitiveness with China. We document an extraordinary imbalance in the structure of bilateral trade in that China overwhelmingly exports manufactured products to SSA and almost exclusively imports primary products in return. Our principal means of assessing the competitiveness of SSA's manufacturing sector vis‐à‐vis China are measures of relative unit labour costs (RULC). We find that African RULCs declined over the 2000s as China's wages rose faster than Chinese productivity while the reverse was true for the SSA countries in our sample. Nevertheless, RULCs vis‐à‐vis China remain very high for many SSA countries. High RULCs along with weaknesses in the business climate suggest that most SSA countries are unlikely to be competitive in labour‐intensive manufacturing any time soon.
Effects of parenting interventions for at-risk parents with infants: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Rayce Signe B , Rasmussen Ida S , Klest Sihu K , Patras Joshua , Pontoppidan Maiken 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesInfancy is a critical stage of life, and a secure relationship with caring and responsive caregivers is crucial for healthy infant development. Early parenting interventions aim to support families in which infants are at risk of developmental harm. Our objective is to systematically review the effects of parenting interventions on child development and on parent–child relationship for at-risk families with infants aged 0–12 months.DesignThis is a systematic review and meta-analyses. We extracted publications from 10 databases in June 2013, January 2015 and June 2016, and supplemented with grey literature and hand search. We assessed risk of bias, calculated effect sizes and conducted meta-analyses.Inclusion criteria(1) Randomised controlled trials of structured psychosocial interventions offered to at-risk families with infants aged 0–12 months in Western Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, (2) interventions with a minimum of three sessions and at least half of these delivered postnatally and (3) outcomes reported for child development or parent–child relationship.ResultsSixteen studies were included. Meta-analyses were conducted on seven outcomes represented in 13 studies. Parenting interventions significantly improved child behaviour (d=0.14; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.26), parent–child relationship (d=0.44; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.80) and maternal sensitivity (d=0.46; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.65) postintervention. There were no significant effects on cognitive development (d=0.13; 95% CI −0.08 to 0.41), internalising behaviour (d=0.16; 95% CI −0.03 to 0.33) or externalising behaviour (d=0.16; 95% CI −0.01 to 0.30) post-intervention. At long-term follow-up we found no significant effect on child behaviour (d=0.15; 95% CI −0.03 to 0.31).ConclusionsInterventions offered to at-risk families in the first year of the child’s life appear to improve child behaviour, parent–child relationship and maternal sensitivity post-intervention, but not child cognitive development and internalising or externalising behaviour. Future studies should incorporate follow-up assessments to examine long-term effects of early interventions.
Burden of early-term birth on adverse infant outcomes: a population-based cohort study in Brazil
Authors: Leal Maria do Carmo , Esteves-Pereira Ana Paula , Nakamura-Pereira Marcos , Domingues Rosa Maria Soares Madeira , Dias Marcos Augusto Bastos , Moreira Maria Elisabeth , Theme-Filha Mariza , da Gama Silvana Granado Nogueira 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo estimate the national rate of early-term live births in Brazil and to evaluate the effect of birth at 37 and 38 weeks’ gestation, as compared with 39 and 40 weeks’ gestation on infant outcomes according to precursors of birth and the existence of maternal/fetal medical conditions.DesignNational perinatal population-based cohort study.Setting266 maternity services located in the five Brazilian macroregions.Participants18 652 singleton live newborns from 37 0/7 to 40 6/7 weeks of gestation.Main outcome measuresResuscitation in delivery room, oxygen therapy, transient tachypnoea, admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), hypoglycaemia, use of antibiotics, phototherapy, phototherapy after hospital discharge, neonatal death and breastfeeding.ResultsEarly terms accounted for 35% (95% CI 33.4% to 36.7%) of all live births. Among provider-initiated births in women without medical conditions, infants of 37 and 38 weeks’ gestation had higher odds of oxygen therapy (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.93, 95% CI 1.72 to 4.98 and AOR 1.92 95% CI 1.18 to 3.13), along with admission to NICU (AOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.41 and AOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.60), neonatal death (AOR 14.40, 95% CI 1.94 to 106.69 and AOR 13.76,95% CI 2.84 to 66.75), hypoglycaemia in the first 48 hours of life (AOR 7.86, 95% CI 1.95 to 31.71 and AOR 5.76, 95% CI 1.63 to 20.32), transient tachypnoea (AOR 2.98, 95% CI 1.57 to 5.65 and AOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.00 to 4.48) and the need for phototherapy within the first 72 hours of life (AOR 3.59, 95% CI 1.95 to 6.60 and AOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.49 to 3.53), yet lower odds of breastfeeding up to 1 hour after birth (AOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.86 and AOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.99) and exclusive breastfeeding during hospital stay (AOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.89 and AOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.99).ConclusionBirth at 37 and 38 weeks’ gestation increased the risk of most adverse infant outcomes analysed, especially among provider-initiated births and should be avoided before 39 weeks’ gestation in healthy pregnancies.
Guidance for sports injury surveillance: the 20-year influence of the Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary
Authors: Finch Caroline F , Staines Carolyn 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundInjury prevention requires information about how, why, where and when injuries occur. The Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary (ASIDD) was developed to guide sports injury data collection and reporting. Sports Medicine Australia (SMA) disseminated associated data collection forms and an online tool to practitioners and the sports community. This paper assesses the long-term value, usefulness and relevance of the ASIDD and SMA tools.MethodsA systematic search strategy identified both peer-reviewed and grey literature that used the ASIDD and/or the SMA tools, during 1997–2016. A text-based search was conducted within 10 electronic databases, as well as a Google Image search for the SMA tools. Documents were categorised according to ASIDD use as: (1) collected injury data; (2) informed data coding; (3) developed an injury data collection tool and/or (4) reference only.ResultsOf the 36 peer-reviewed articles, 83% directly referred to ASIDD and 17% mentioned SMA tools. ASIDD was mainly used for data coding (42%), reference (36%), data collection (17%) or resource development (14%). In contrast, 86% of 66 grey literature sources referenced, used or modified the SMA data collection forms.ConclusionsThe ASIDD boasts a long history of use and relevance. Its ongoing use by practitioners has been facilitated by the ready availability of specific data collection forms by SMA for them to apply to directly their settings. Injury prevention practitioners can be strongly engaged in injury surveillance activities when formal guidance is supported by user-friendly tools directly relevant to their settings and practice.
Mechanical and half-metallic properties of half-Heusler CoCrSn
Authors: Huang Hai-Ming , He Ze-Dong , Zhang Chuan-Kun , Luo Shi-Jun 
Published: December 2017

Electronic and elastic properties of the half-Heusler CoCrSn are calculated using first-principles method. The results show that CoCrSn is a half-metallic ferrimagnetism with the total magnetic moment of 1.00 [Formula: see text] per formula unit at equilibrium lattice constant. The results agree well with the Slatere–Pauling rule based on the relationship of valence electrons and total magnetic moment. The half-Heusler CoCrSn maintains the half-metallic stability within the lattice constants ranging from 5.17 Å to 5.91 Å in GGA, from 5.24 Å to 5.89 Å in GGA[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]SOC, and from the 4.63 Å to 6.18 Å in GGA[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]U, respectively. The mechanical parameters of CoCrSn, such as elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Pough’s ratio, Frantesvich ratio, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, Kleinman parameter and Debye temperature are calculated for the first time, and the results show that it is mechanically stable and is a ductile material. The studies show that the half-Heusler CoCrSn is a promising half-metal in spintronics.