bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced photocatalysts based on Ag-TiO2 and Ag-N-TiO2 nanoparticles for multifunctional leather surface coating
Authors: Gaidau Carmen , Petica Aurora , Ignat Madalina , Iordache Ovidiu , Ditu Lia-Mara , Ionescu Marcel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Ag deposition on TiO2 nanoparticles (Ag-TiO2 NPs) and N-TiO2 nanoparticles (Ag-N-TiO2 NPs) has been made by electrochemical methodology in view of improved antibacterial properties and enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The particle size in powder and in dispersion showed similar values and good stability in aqueous medium which made them suitable for use in leather surface covering for new multifunctional properties development. The diffuse reflectance spectra of Ag-TiO2 NPs, Ag-N-TiO2 NPs and TiO2 NPs have been investigated and correlated with their photocatalytic performances under UV and visible light against different silver concentrations. The leather surfaces treated with Ag-N-TiO2 NPs showed advanced self-cleaning properties under visible light exposure through the hydrophilic mechanism of organic soil decomposition. Moreover the bacterial sensitivity and proven fungitoxic properties of Ag-N-TiO2 NPs leads to the possibility of designing new multifunctional additives to extend the advanced applications for more durable and useable materials.
Site Management and Use of Social Media by Tourism Businesses: The Case of Quebec
Authors: Roult Romain , Gaudette Marilyne , Auger Denis , Adjizian Jean-Marc 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInformation and communications technology (ICT) has taken centre stage in recent decades in the world of tourism. Publicity and reservation strategies, in particular, are now developed through ICT. The rise of virtual, tourist communities has messed up ways to assess tourism products. This complete renewal of ways to interact with the customer requires tourism businesses to adapt to these new communication patterns. It is with regard to this issue that this study is based. A survey of 2 393 Quebec tourism enterprises made it was possible to identify websites and use patterns of these organizations and social media. The results show that most companies are aware of the importance of ICT for the development of their activities, but some financial, human, geographical and training aspects slow down the process.
Dissipative particle dynamics simulation on the self-assembly of linear ABC triblock copolymers under rigid spherical confinements
Authors: Liu Xiaoqiang , Zhou Chun , Xia Honggang , Zhou Yang , Jiang Weidong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlthough a great deal of unique nanostructures were already obtained from polymer self-assemblies in terms of conventional parameters, the self-assembly under the confinement is still not well understood. Here, dissipative particle dynamics simulations were used to explore the self-assemble behaviors of linear ABC triblock copolymers under rigid spherical confinements. First several unusual morphologies, such as multilayer onion, coupled helix, and stacked lamella, were distinguished from the total 210 simulations. Second, the influences of three important parameters (block sequence, wall selectivity, and spherical radius) on the morphologies were discussed in detail. Finally, the dynamics evolution of several typical aggregates was examined. This simulation enriches micelle morphologies for the self-assembly of linear ABC triblock copolymers under rigid spherical confinements and is helpful to understand the formation of valuable nanostructures from linear ABC terpolymers.
Comparison of antioxidant activities of fractionated extracts from seedlings and herb ofChelidonium majusL. using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods
Authors: Ożarowski Marcin , Kujawski Radosław , Mikołajczak Przemysław , Gryszczyńska Agnieszka , Pietrowiak Aurelia , Białas Wojciech , Baraniak Justyna , Górska-Paukszta Małgorzata , Buchwald Waldemar , Kędzia Bogdan , Krajewska-Patan Anna , Seremak-Mrozikiewicz Agnieszka 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIntroduction:Our study is a part of a trend of studies on the antioxidative properties ofChelidonium majusextracts or their fractions suggesting that antioxidant activities may depend on total flavonoid and/or alkaloid contents.Objective:This study focused on the examination of antioxidative activities of full water extract, non-protein fraction and protein fraction of the extract from aerial parts of mature plants and young seedlings.Methods:Total flavonoid and alkaloid contents were evaluated by spectrometric methods. Quantitative determination of chelidonine, coptisine, sanquinarine, berberine was made by HPLC-UV. The antioxidative activities were evaluated using(1)2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH),(2)2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and(3)ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods.Results:All concentrations of herb extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacities than extract from seedlings. Two antioxidant tests (DPPH, FRAP) showed that full water extract from herb had the highest antioxidant activity, while its non-protein fraction and protein fraction showed lower antioxidant activity. It was found that the full water extract from herb contained the highest concentrations of flavonoids and alkaloids when compared with other samples.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that chelidonine and coptisine especially could be responsible for the observed changes in the extract antioxidant activity, because these alkaloids were determined in the highest concentration in full water extract from herb. It cannot be also excluded that the observed variables values between extracts and their fractions from herb or from seedlings may also be the result of interactions between flavonoids and other chemical compounds.
Thermal diffusivity measurement of Phyllostachys edulis (Moso bamboo) by the flash method
Authors: Huang Puxi , Pickering Simon G. , Chang Wen-shao , Ansell Martin P. , Chew John Y.M. , Shea Andy 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Thermal diffusivity (ThD) of Phyllostachys edulis (Moso bamboo) has been determined in three directions of the cylindrical coordinate system of the culm. A flash tube and an infrared camera system was utilised for this purpose. The results, calculated by the MATLAB programme, serve as a database for numerical simulation studies concerning the heat and moisture transfer behaviour of Moso bamboo. The porosity and complexity of cellular structure and interconnectivity are the essential parametres influencing the ThD of Moso bamboo.
Textural and Optical Properties of Ce-Doped YAG/Al2O3 Melt Growth Composite Grown by Micro-Pulling-Down Method
Authors: Simura Rayko , Taniuchi Tetsuo , Sugiyama Kazumasa , Fukuda Tsuguo 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Ce-doped YAG/Al2O3 melt-growth composite (MGC) samples were grown by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method, and their physical and chemical properties were investigated. The grown MGC samples exhibit fine-grained granophyric texture at the micron scale. Fluorescence spectra, excited by a blue laser diode, were recorded, and, in particular, the finely textured granophyric MGC sample doped with 0.1 at% Ce and prepared with a growth rate of 3 mm/min shows superior fluorescence properties without high-temperature deterioration of fluorescence intensity. The μ-PD method is demonstrated to be applicable for manufacturing finely textured MGC samples with improved luminous efficiency as phosphors for white LEDs.
Photodegradation of Surfactants XVII Photo-oxidation Processes in Amphoteric Surfactants Catalyzed by Irradiated TiO2 Suspensions
Authors: Hidaka Hisao , Nohara Kayo , Zhao Jincai , Pelizzetti Ezio , Serpone Nick , Guillard Chantal , Pichat Pierre 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDifferences in photocatalytic degradations arising from oxidative cleavage of a peptide bond and a quaternary nitrogen moiety in a TiO
Decomposition of Toluene, o-Xylene, Trichloroethylene, and Their Mixture Using a BaTiO3 Packed-Bed Plasma Reactor
Authors: Yamamoto Toshiaki , Chang Jen-Shih , Berezin Alex A , Kohno Hitoshi , Honda Shigeo , Shibuya Akira 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNonthermal plasma technologies offer an innovative approach to the problem of decomposing various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We focused on an AC-energized ferroelectric packed-bed plasma reactor to study the decomposition/destruction efficiency and byproduct analysis for toluene, o-xylene, trichloroethylene, and their mixture from 50 to 230 ppm in dry air. The effects of gas flow rate, concentration, moisture content, and reactor operating conditions on the decomposition and analysis of reactant conversion for each VOC were investigated for suitable applications of the emerging technology. Laboratory-scale packed-bed plasma technology was successfully demonstrated for the application of VOC control in semiconductor clean room environments.
Abiotic Oxidative Degradation of Atrazine on Zero-Valent Iron Activated by Visible Light
Authors: Pulgarin Cesar O. , Schwitzguebel Jean-P. , Peringer Paul A. , Pajonk Gérard M. , Bandara Jayasundera S. , Kiwi John T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe photocatalytic degradation of atrazine herbicide has been investigated using nanosized iron under simulated solar irradiation. Atrazine, as such, is degraded at acidic pH values within a 2 hr period as detected by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total elimination of Cl
Formation and Measurement of Ozone and Nitric Acid in a High Voltage DC Negative Metallic Point-to-Aqueous-Plane Continuous Corona Reactor
Authors: Sharma A. K. , Camaioni D. M. , Josephson G. B. , Goheen S. C. , Mong G. M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOzone and nitric acid were formed when high voltage was applied across a metal (stainless steel) point and liquid (water) plane at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Ozone was observed in the gas-phase and nitric acid in the liquid-phase. The gas-phase concentration of ozone reached a power-dependent steady-state whereas the nitric acid concentration in solution increased linearly with time. The rate of formation of ozone increased with increasing current. Aqueous solutions of potassium iodide were exposed to corona discharge to determine the amount of gas-phase ozone available to oxidize liquid-phase solutes. The result of the test with KI suggests that ozone is the major oxidant in the solution phase. An optimum point-to-plane distance of 1.5 cm was observed for both ozone production and solution phase oxidation. Corona discharge effectively destroyed both non-volatile organic compounds such as methylene blue and volatile compounds such as carbon tetrachloride in aqueous solutions.
Comparison of Pulsed Corona and Electron Beam Processing of Hazardous Air Pollutants
Authors: Penetrante B. M. , Hsiao M. C. , Merritt B. T. , Vogtlin G. E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a comparative assessment of the energy efficiencies of pulsed corona and electron beam methods for processing of dilute concentrations of hazardous air pollutants in atmospheric-pressure dry air streams. The four representative compounds investigated are ethylene, o-xylene, toluene and benzene. It is shown that the electron beam method requires much less electrical energy than the pulsed corona method to achieve the same level of pollutant decomposition. The results imply that the initial decomposition of these pollutant molecules is achieved more efficiently through reactions with either electrons or ions, rather than through oxidation by O radicals.
Decomposition of Carbon Tetrachloride by a Packed Bed Plasma Reactor
Authors: Prieto G. , Prieto O. , Gay C. R. , Mizuno K. , Tamori I. , Yamamoto T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn search of a technology capable of controlling atmospheric pollutants, like volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in low concentrations, this paper is concerned with the empirical modeling of a ferroelectric plasma packed-bed reactor at ambient temperature and pressure. The empirical model gives information about the decomposition efficiency of the process as a function of the reactor operating variables. The volatile organic compound selected is Carbon Tetrachloride balanced with air in the concentration-range of 150 to 600 ppm and flow-range of 175 to 325 ml/min. Regarding the decomposition efficiency as the objective function, this modeling provides valuable information about the optimal operating conditions.
Treatment of VX Hydrolysate with Ultraviolet Light and Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: MacNaughton Michael G. , Scott James R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn engineering study was performed to evaluate the use of ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide to destroy caustic-neutralized VX nerve agent in the U.S. chemical agent stockpile as an alternative to incineration. Whereas caustic neutralization completely destroys VX, (3-ethyl-S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothiolate, the reaction leaves a complex two-phase mixture containing organic phosphates and organosulfur compounds which require treatment prior to ultimate disposal. Studies performed in laboratory-scale (320-mL), bench-scale (10-L) and pilot-scale (20-L) reactors demonstrated that the principal products of the caustic neutralization-ethyl methylphosphonic acid (EMPA), methylphosphonic acid (MPA), 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl sulfide (RSR), disulfide (RSSR) and the other mixed sulfides-could be oxidized to inorganic sulfate, phosphate, ammonia and carbon dioxide. The reaction was zero order above 1000 mg/L and pseudo first order below. To mineralize 10,000 lb of VX per day to less than 10 mg/L organic carbon would require more than 1100 lamps of 30 kW each.
Kinetic Modeling for Process Optimization During the Free-Radical Treatment of Nitro Compounds in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Peyton Gary R. , Bell Oliver J. , LeFaivre Mary H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are powerful water treatment processes that utilize free radicals to destroy contaminants. The chemistry of these processes is sufficiently complicated that the correct route to process optimization is not always obvious. Examples of simple and complex applications of a competitionkinetic modeling method to the treatment of nitro compounds in water are described. The method used can provide a great deal of information that is useful in AOP optimization, while requiring a minimum amount of site data, making it an ideal tool for treatability assessments and rapid initial process optimization.
Formation and Degradation of Halogenated Organic Acids. Radiation versus Photocatalytically Induced Processes
Authors: Makogon Oksana , Fliount Roman , Asmus Klaus-Dieter 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRadiation chemistry and photocatalysis are introduced as complementary methods for the study of the radical- and redox-induced degradation of organic substrates. Particular focus is devoted on the reductive and oxidative formation and destruction of halogenated organic acids, as intermediates in the degradation of halo- genated hydrocarbons, in dilute aqueous solutions. The specific aim of this comparative essay is to point out the fundamental similarities between a radiation chemical and photocatalytical approach but, at the same time, to demonstrate that and why significant differences may, nevertheless, be observed. The examples presented and discussed are concerned with (i) the oxidatively and reductively induced degradation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane to organic acids, (ii) corresponding experiments on the degradation of trifluoro-, trichloro- and tribromoacetic acid, (iii) peculiarities of the degradation processes in the absence of oxygen, and (iv) the importance of the cross­termination reaction between halogenated peroxyl radicals and superoxide, O
The Elimination of Methane Phosphonic Acid, Dimethyl Ester (DMMP) from Aqueous Solution Using 60Co-y and Electron Beam Induced Radiolysis: A Model Compound for Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Ε-Beam Process in the Destruction of Organophosphorus Chemical Warfare Agents
Authors: Nickelsen Michael G. , Cooper William J. , O’Shea Kevin E. , Aguilar Martha , Kalen David V. , Kurucz Charles N. , Waite Thomas D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe stockpile of chemical warfare agents in the US is estimated at greater than 25,000 metric tons. The disposal of these chemicals poses both potential environmental impact and health risks. This issue is highly controversial because incineration has been adopted by the armed forces as the destruction method. Destruction of the stockpile by irradiation of a wkter solution is a viable alternative to incineration. Bench-scale (
Gamma-Ray-Induced Destruction of Nitrilotriacetic Acid in a Simulated, Mixed Nuclear Waste: Radiolytic and Chemical Forces
Authors: Toste Anthony P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study explores the efficacy of γ-radiation for destroying nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) in a simulated mixed waste, formulated to mimic a complex concentrate waste stored at the U. S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. NTA was added to an inorganic waste matrix, which contained no radionuclides. The simulant then received a γ-dose of 7.5 × 1O
Decomposition of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air by Electron Beam and Gamma Ray Irradiation
Authors: Hakoda Teruyuki , Yang Mingde , Hirota Koichi , Hashimoto Shoji 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRadiation decomposition and aerosol formation of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were examined to get information on a treatment of industrial off-gas. Model gases, air containing aromatic VOCs, chloroethenes and 1,2-dichloroethane, were sealed in batch reactors and irradiated with electron beam (EB) and gamma ray. For aromatic VOCs, G-values of decomposition in gamma ray irradiation were about 1.5 times larger than those in EB irradiation. The ratios of aerosol formation to decomposed aromatic VOCs were ranged from 30 to 66% on the basis of carbon. For chloroethenes except monochloroethylene, G-values of decomposition were 6 to 45 times larger than those of aromatic VOCs and the irradiated product was mainly gaseous compound. The G-values of decomposition in EB irradiation increased markedly with increase of chlorine atom in a molecule, while those in gamma ray irradiation were almost kept constant.
Electron Beam Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Air-stripped from Polluted Ground Water: a Laboratory and Field Study
Authors: Prager Lutz , Mehnert Reiner , Sobottka Axel , Langguth Helmut , Baumann Werner , Matzing Hartmut , Paur Hanns-Rudolf , Schubert Jürgen , Rashid Rehana , Taba Kalulu M. , Schuchmann Heinz-Peter , Sonntag Clemens von 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPilot-plant studies with strip-gas from a ground water remediation site at Dusseldorf, Germany (gas throughput 1000 m
Activity, and Hardness of Supported TiO2 Films on Pyrex and Soda-Lime Glass in Photocatalytic Degradation of Formic Acid for 50 Days
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Iyoda Tomokazu , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Fujishima Akira 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPhotocatalytic degradation of formic acid (HCOOH) in solution was monitored using titanium dioxide (TiO
UV Radiation Distribution in A Flat-Plate Photocatalytic Reactor with Suspended Particles of Titanium Dioxide. Mathematical Model and Experimental Verification
Authors: Brandi Rodolfo J. , Alfano Orlando M. , Cassano Alberto E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA two-dimensional - two-directional mathematical model of the radiation field inside a flat-plate, photocatalytic reactor has been developed. The slurry-type reactor is irradiated by two tubular UV lamps with the aid of two parabolic reflectors. Resorting to information about the reactor dimensions, the lamp and reflector characteristics, and the catalyst optical properties and concentration, the solution of the mathematical model provides a detailed description of the rate of absorbed radiation energy at each point inside the reactor. The radiation distribution inside the reactor was verified by computing the radiation flux coming out of the reactor at the opposite face of the radiation entrance. These radiation fluxes were compared with experimental measurements made with a UV radiometer and good agreement was obtained; the maximum observed error was 12%. When the catalyst concentration was increased, a significant decrease of the radiation flux leaving the reactor was also observed.
Bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers’ status in children with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Poyrazoğlu Hatice Gamze , Baş Veysel Nijat , Arslan Alev , Bastug Funda , Canpolat Mehmet , Per Hüseyin , Gümüs Hakan , Kumandas Sefer 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground:Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a multisystem disorder characterized by progressive manifestations, which is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The majority of patients with NF1 experience a diffuse, significant reduction in bone mass over time, with osteoporosis, osteopenia in the absence of severe scoliosis, or gross bone deformities. This study aimed to determine the bone mineral density (BMD) status, evaluate bone metabolism, and to determine the relevant factors in children with NF1.Methods:The study population included 33 pediatric NF1 patients (20 males and 13 females). Bone metabolic markers, such as total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and 25-OH vitamin D, the urinary calcium/creatine ratio were measured. In addition, BMD was measured at both the lumbar spine (LS) and the femoral neck in all the patients.Results:All the patients had a low 25-OH vitamin D level, but it was significantly lower in the females than in the males (p<0.009). Overall, 18.2% of the patients had skeletal abnormalities. The lumbar Z-score was ≤2 in 21.2% of the patients, whereas the femoral neck Z-score was ≤2 in 9.1%. The urinary calcium/creatine ratio was significantly higher in the female than in the male patients (p<0.027). In all, six patients had skeletal abnormalities.Conclusions:It is widely known that bone mineral metabolism markers and BMD are significantly affected in NF1 patients; however, the present study did not identify any effective parameters that could be used to predict skeletal abnormalities, or diagnose early osteoporosis and osteopenia in pediatric NF1 patients.
Introduction of Energy and Climate Mitigation Policy Issues in Energy - Environment Model of Latvia
Authors: Klavs G. , Rekis J. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The present research is aimed at contributing to the Latvian national climate policy development by projecting total GHG emissions up to 2030, by evaluating the GHG emission reduction path in the non-ETS sector at different targets set for emissions reduction and by evaluating the obtained results within the context of the obligations defined by the EU 2030 policy framework for climate and energy. The method used in the research was bottom-up, linear programming optimisation model MARKAL code adapted as the MARKAL-Latvia model with improvements for perfecting the integrated assessment of climate policy. The modelling results in the baseline scenario, reflecting national economic development forecasts and comprising the existing GHG emissions reduction policies and measures, show that in 2030 emissions will increase by 19.1 % compared to 2005. GHG emissions stabilisation and reduction in 2030, compared to 2005, were researched in respective alternative scenarios. Detailed modelling and analysis of the Latvian situation according to the scenario of non-ETS sector GHG emissions stabilisation and reduction in 2030 compared to 2005 have revealed that to implement a cost effective strategy of GHG emissions reduction first of all a policy should be developed that ensures effective absorption of the available energy efficiency potential in all consumer sectors. The next group of emissions reduction measures includes all non-ETS sectors (industry, services, agriculture, transport, and waste management).