bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of national accreditation reform on survey reliability: a 2‐year investigation of survey coordinators’ perspectives
Authors: Greenfield David , Hogden Anne , Hinchcliff Reece , Mumford Virginia , Pawsey Marjorie , Debono Deborah , Westbrook Johanna I , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectiveAccrediting health care organizations against standards is a recognized safety and quality intervention. The credibility of an accreditation programme relies on surveying reliability. We investigated accreditation survey coordinators’ perceptions of reliability issues and their continued relevancy, during a period of national accreditation reform.MethodIn 2013 and 2014, questionnaire surveys were developed using survey coordinators’ feedback of their experiences and concerns regarding the accreditation process. Each year, a purpose‐designed questionnaire survey was administered during the accrediting agency survey coordinator training days.ResultsParticipants reported that survey reliability was informed by five categories of issues: the management of the accreditation process, including standards and health care organizational issues; surveyor workforce management; survey coordinator role; survey team; and individual surveyors. A new accreditation system and programme did not alter the factors reported to shape survey reliability. However, across the reform period, there was a noted change within each category of the specific issues that were of concern. Furthermore, consensus between coordinators that existed in 2013 appears to have diminished in 2014. Across all categories, in 2014 there was greater diversity of opinion than in 2013.ConclusionsThe known challenges to the reliability of an accreditation programme retained their potency and relevancy during a period of reform. The diversity of opinion identified across the coordinator workforce could potentially place the credibility and reliability of the new scheme at risk. The study highlights that reliability of an accreditation scheme is an ongoing achievement, not a one‐off attainment.
Sleep Bruxism and Sleep‐Disordered Breathing
Authors: Bender Steven D 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSleep bruxism (SB) is a repetitive jaw muscle activity with clenching or grinding of the teeth during sleep. SB is characterized by what is known as rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA). RMMA is the laboratory polysomnographic finding that differentiates SB from other oromandibular movements seen during sleep. Most often RMMA episodes are associated with sleep arousal. Some patients will report similar complaints related to both SB and sleep disordered breathing (SDB). There are some reports that would suggest that SB is a result of SDB. It has has been postulated that SB is a compensatory mechanism to re establish muscle tone of the upper airway. While these disorders do in fact often present concomitantly, the relationship between the two is yet to be fully elucidated. This Critical Appraisal reviews 3 recent publications with the intent to better define what relationships may exists between SDB and SB. While the current evidence appears to support the notion that these are often concomitant disorders, it also makes clear that evidence to support the hypothesis that SDB is causative for SB is currently lacking. (J Esthet Restor Dent 00:000–000, 2016)
Behind Closed Doors: Involuntary Treatment in Care of Persons with Cognitive Impairment at Home in the Netherlands
Authors: Hamers Jan P. H. , Bleijlevens Michel H. C. , Gulpers Math J. M. , Verbeek Hilde 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo explore the prevalence and associated factors of involuntary treatment (physical restraints, psychotropic medication, nonconsensual care) in persons with cognitive impairment receiving home care.DesignCross‐sectional survey using association analyses.SettingProfessional home care in the southern part of the Netherlands.ParticipantsData were collected on 837 persons with cognitive impairment (mean age 81.6; 60% female).MeasurementsInvoluntary treatment was measured using a tool to identify physical restraints, psychotropic medication, and nonconsensual care. Activities of daily living (ADLs) were measured using the ADL Hierarchy subscale of the Resident Assistant Instrument—Minimum Data Set and cognitive status using the Cognitive Performance Scale. Informal caregiver burden was assessed using the Self‐Perceived Pressure from Informal Care Scale.ResultsInvoluntary treatment was used in 39% of the total sample. Most common were nonconsensual care (79%; e.g., concealing medication in food, forcing hygiene) and psychotropic medication (41%). In 7% of the sample, physical restraints (e.g., deep or overturned chair, bilateral full‐enclosure bedrails) were used. Caregiver burden, ADL dependency, cognitive status, living alone, and a diagnosis of dementia were strongly associated with involuntary treatment. The family of the person with cognitive impairment most often requested the use of involuntary treatment.ConclusionInvoluntary treatment is often used in persons with cognitive impairment receiving home care in the Netherlands. Future research should focus on understanding and preventing inappropriate involuntary treatment in home care.
Comprehensive Regional Eco‐Efficiency Analysis Based on Data Envelopment Analysis: The Case of Polish Regions
Authors: Masternak‐Janus Aneta , Rybaczewska‐Błażejowska Magdalena 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThis article examines the concept of eco‐efficiency at a regional level as an approach to promote the sustainable transformation of regions, using the regions of Poland as an example. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) method—the input‐oriented Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (CCR) model—was chosen as the eco‐efficiency analysis tool because of its high capability to measure the regional eco‐efficiency. The research process was divided into two stages. First, the chosen instruments of mathematical statistics (e.g., Hellwig's method and coefficient of determination) were applied to ensure an appropriate combination of environmental and economic indicators of the eco‐efficiency equation. Next, the CCR model was used to calculate the eco‐efficiency scores. The results of the study have revealed that the regions of Lubuskie, Mazowieckie, Śląskie, Warmińsko‐Maurskie, and Wielkopolskie are relatively eco‐efficient, whereas the remaining regions use too many environmental resources in relation to the produced value of goods and services. Six of the eleven eco‐inefficient regions in Poland have increasing returns to scale, that is, the usage of natural resources connected with the negative impact upon the environment rises slower than the values of goods and services. Notwithstanding, it is beneficiary from the perspective of sustainability. The obtained research results are a valuable source of management information for the creation of regional environmental protection strategies and a basis for searching for the causes of eco‐inefficiency.
Backscattered electron image of osmium‐impregnated/macerated tissues as a novel technique for identifying the cis‐face of the Golgi apparatus by high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy
Authors: KOGA D. , BOCHIMOTO H. , WATANABE T. , USHIKI T. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe osmium maceration method with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enabled to demonstrate directly the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of membranous cell organelles. However, the polarity of the Golgi apparatus (that is, the cis–trans axis) can hardly be determined by SEM alone, because there is no appropriate immunocytochemical method for specific labelling of its cis‐ or trans‐faces. In the present study, we used the osmium impregnation method, which forms deposits of reduced osmium exclusively in the cis‐Golgi elements, for preparation of specimens for SEM. The newly developed procedure combining osmium impregnation with subsequent osmium maceration specifically visualised the cis‐elements of the Golgi apparatus, with osmium deposits that were clearly detected by backscattered electron‐mode SEM. Prolonged osmication by osmium impregnation (2% OsO4 solution at 40°C for 40 h) and osmium maceration (0.1% OsO4 solution at 20°C for 24 h) did not significantly impair the 3D ultrastructure of the membranous cell organelles, including the Golgi apparatus. This novel preparation method enabled us to determine the polarity of the Golgi apparatus with enough information about the surrounding 3D ultrastructure by SEM, and will contribute to our understanding of the global organisation of the entire Golgi apparatus in various differentiated cells.
Dissecting striatal adenosine‐cannabinoid receptor interactions. New clues from rats over‐expressing adenosine A2A receptors
Authors: Ferré Sergi , Sebastião Ana Maria 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
image
This Editorial highlights a study by Chiodi et al. () showing that the effects mediated by cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) activation in the striatum are significantly reduced in rats with neuronal over‐expression of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR). Two hypotheses are derived from that study. Hypothesis A: two subpopulations of pre‐synaptic CB1R in corticostriatal glutamatergic terminals exist, one forming and another not forming heteromers with A2AR. Hypothesis B: CB1R are predominantly forming heteromers with A2AR. In the case of hypothesis A, the A2AR might be required for CB1R‐A2AR heteromeric signaling, whereas non‐heteromeric CB1R activity is inhibited by A2ARs. In the case of hypothesis B, up‐regulation of A2ARs may perturb heteromeric stoichiometry, thus reducing CB1R functioning. In any case, pre‐synaptic striatal A2AR‐CB1R heteromers emerge as important targets of the effects of cannabinoids demonstrated at the neuronal and behavioral level.
Read the highlighted article ‘Striatal adenosine‐cannabinoid receptor interactions in rats over‐expressing adenosine A2A receptors’ on page 907.
Business Statesman or Shareholder Advocate? CEO Responsible Leadership Styles and the Micro‐Foundations of Political CSR
Authors: Maak Thomas , Pless Nicola M. , Voegtlin Christian 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article we pursue two objectives. First, we refine the concept of responsible leadership from an upper echelon perspective by exploring two distinct styles (instrumental and integrative) and thereby further developing the understanding of the newly emerging integrative style. Second, we propose a framework that examines the micro‐foundations of political corporate social responsibility (CSR). We explicate how the political CSR engagement of organizations (in social innovation and multi‐stakeholder initiatives) is influenced by responsible leadership styles and posit that most CEOs tend to espouse either instrumental or integrative responsible leadership approaches, based on perceived moral obligations toward shareholders or stakeholders. We examine the moderating effects of societal‐ and organizational‐level factors (such as power distance and corporate governance), and individual‐level influences (such as cognitive and social complexity). We discuss both approaches with respect to their effectiveness in dealing with political CSR challenges in a complex environment and conclude that an instrumental responsible leadership style may be effective in relatively stable settings with strong institutional arrangements, while the complex and unstable context of a post‐national constellation with weak institutions calls for an integrative responsible leadership style. The latter can be expected to be more effective in dealing with political CSR challenges in a global world, contributing to closing governance gaps and producing sustainable outcomes for societies.
Interim Prosthesis Options for Dental Implants
Authors: Siadat Hakimeh , Alikhasi Marzieh , Beyabanaki Elaheh 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDental implants have become a popular treatment modality for replacing missing teeth. In this regard, the importance of restoring patients with function during the implant healing period has grown in recent decades. Esthetic concerns, especially in the anterior region of the maxilla, should also be considered until the definitive restoration is delivered. Another indication for such restorations is maintenance of the space required for esthetic and functional definitive restorations in cases where the implant site is surrounded by natural teeth. Numerous articles have described different types of interim prostheses and their fabrication techniques. This article aims to briefly discuss all types of implant‐related interim prostheses by different classification including provisional timing (before implant placement, after implant placement in unloading and loading periods), materials, and techniques used for making the restorations, the type of interim prosthesis retention, and definitive restoration. Furthermore, the abutment torque for such restorations and methods for transferring the soft tissue from interim to definitive prostheses are addressed.
Personality Traits Predict the Developmental Course of Externalizing: A Four‐Wave Longitudinal Study Spanning Age 17 to Age 29
Authors: Walton Kate E. , Krueger Robert F. , Elkins Irene , D'Accordo Cassandra , McGue Matt , Iacono William G. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to determine whether and how personality predicts the developmental course of externalizing problems, including antisocial behavior and substance dependence. In a large, population‐based longitudinal study (N = 1,252), the 11 personality traits assessed by the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire were measured at age 17, and DSM diagnoses of adult antisocial behavior, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence were obtained at ages 17, 20, 24, and 29. We fit a quadratic multiple indicator latent growth model where the three diagnoses loaded onto an externalizing factor. This model fit the data well, and externalizing increased until it started to decline at age 24. High aggression and low control were the most significant predictors of the development of externalizing, with aggression playing a significant role in the development of externalizing across the 12‐year time span, and control predicting the development from age 17 to 24. The findings highlight the importance of considering the developmental course of externalizing in the context of personality and suggest that the specific personality traits of aggression and control might be targeted in externalizing prevention and intervention programs.
Influence of type and proportion of lyoprotectants on lyophilized ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes
Authors: Li Jianying , Hu Meina , Xu Huan , Yu Xiu , Ye Feifei , Wang Kaiqian , Luan Xiaojiao , Li Ling , Zhang Di 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Objectives
To improve stability and shelf life, lyophilized formulations of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes (G-Rg3-Ls) were prepared.

Methods
Glucose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol were used as single lyoprotectant and then compared in terms of their ability to protect lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls. Further, a glucose–mannitol complex was used to determine the optimal lyophilized preparation. The analysis of lyophilized liposomes or lyoprotectant was further investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity assay was used to assess the cyto-inhibition of freshly prepared and lyophilized liposomes.

Key findings
When the ratio of glucose–mannitol to phospholipids was 4 : 2 : 1 (w/w) the lyophilized G-Rg3-Ls exhibited good appearance, high DRR (86.52% ± 5.02%), small change in particle size (45.83 ± 0.50%) and short rehydration reconstruction time (8.3 ± 1.5 s). All indices were considerably better than those of each single protective agent. Results indicated that when the two lyoprotectants were combined, the stabilizing effect of glucose and shaping effect of mannitol were well maintained. The cyto-inhibition of freshly prepared and lyophilized G-Rg3 liposomes showed that lyophilization did not affect the bioactivity of G-Rg3.

Conclusions
The application of glucose–mannitol composite lyoprotectants can obtain a good G-Rg3 lyophilized preparation.
Biodistribution, hypouricemic efficacy and therapeutic mechanism of morin phospholipid complex loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems in an experimental hyperuricemic model in rats
Authors: Zhang Jinjie , Shuai Xiao , Li Jianbo , Xiang Nanxi , Gong Tao , Zhang Zhirong 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to compare the biodistribution and hypouricemic efficacy of morin and morin-phospholipid complex loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (MPC-SNEDDS), as well as to explore their therapeutic mechanisms.

Methods
We studied the biodistribution of morin and MPC-SNEDDS after they were orally administered to rats. The hypouricemic efficacy and the therapeutic mechanisms of morin and MPC-SNEDDS were evaluated using potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic model in rats.

Key findings
With enhanced morin concentration in liver and kidney, oral delivery of MPC-SNEDDS exhibited significantly stronger urate-lowering effect in hyperuricemic rats than morin. The hypouricemic efficacy of morin was due to reduced production of uric acid via inhibiting the mRNA expression of hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase (XDH/XO), as well as decreased urate reabsorption via modulating the alteration of mRNA levels of glucose transporter (mGLUT9), renal organic anion transporter 1 (mOAT1) and uric acid transporter (mURAT1). MPC-SNEDDS dually inhibited mRNA expression and activity of hepatic XDH/XO and restored the dysregulation of renal mGLUT9, mOAT1 and mURAT1, contributing to its superior urate-lowering efficacy.

Conclusion
The results demonstrated the great potential of MPC-SNEDDS as an alternative oral strategy for active agents in treating hyperuricemia.
The C-terminal tails of 4,4'-diphenylmethane-bis(methyl) carbamate are essential for binding to receptor for advanced glycation end products to attenuate advanced glycation end products-induced inflammation and apoptosis responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Feng Liang , Zhu Mao-mao , Bu Wei-quan , Wang Chun-fei , Zheng Zhao-guang , Wang Ru-shang , Jia Xiao-bin , Zhu Quan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Objectives
A novel compound 4,4'-diphenylmethane-bis(methyl) carbamate (CM1) was shown to possess preventive activity on AGEs-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) damage via binding to RAGE. However, the underlying structural basis of CM1 on binding to RAGE was not fully understood.

Methods
In the present study, CM1 analogues were designed and synthesized to compare the activity differences on inhibiting AGEs-induced inflammatory response including TGF-β1, RAGE protein expression in HUVECs, and macrophages migration and adhesion to HUVECs. In addition, the cell viability and anti-apoptosis activities of CM1 analogues were also examined.

Key findings
These results indicated that CM1 had higher activities on preventing AGEs-induced HUVECs damage (inflammation, cell viability and apoptosis) than other analogues. The bioaffinity assay was conducted by CMC and demonstrated that the IC50 and dissociation equilibrium constants (Kd) of CM1 were lower whereas the Bmax was higher than other analogues. The incubation of RAGE protein with CM1 analogues by equilibrium dialysis method showed CM1 had a stronger binding rate than other CM1 analogues.

Conclusion
Our findings suggested that the C-terminal tails (methoxycarbonyl groups) of CM1 were the active groups for binding to RAGE and then led to the attenuation on RAGE-mediated endothelial dysfunction.
Towards a Psychology of Global Consciousness Through an Ethical Conception of Self in Society
Authors: Liu James H. , Macdonald Matthew 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGlobalization has brought people around the world closer together in ways that have created greater uncertainty in their identity politics. This has sometimes strengthened local identities, despite attempts to create ‘universal’ forms of identity that impose one standard of appropriate conduct in the face of difference. Drawing from Dialogical Self Theory and from cosmopolitanism, we propose that adequately responding to the ethical and identity challenges presented by globalization requires having Global Consciousness: “a knowledge of both the interconnectedness and difference of humankind, and a will to take moral actions in a reflexive manner on its behalf”. We argue that this approach can ground a distinctively normative psychology of globalization. We consider negative and positive aspects of the golden rule in equal and close relationships, and benevolence in unequal power relationships as behaviour guides for global consciousness, and theorize about institutional leadership that supports the provision of public goods. We offer empirical tests of this approach.
The Behavior of Amaranth, Chickpea, Millet, Corn, Quinoa, Buckwheat and Rice Doughs Under Shear Oscillatory and Uniaxial Elongational Tests Simulating Proving and Baking
Authors: Burešová Iva , Kubínek Roman 
Published: January 2016

AbstractShear oscillatory and uniaxial elongational tests performed at 30C were used to simulate gluten‐free dough proving; shear oscillatory temperature ramp (30–90C) was used to simulate baking. In test simulating initial stages of proving the differences in wheat and gluten‐free dough (amaranth, buckwheat, chickpea, corn, quinoa, millet and rice) behavior were most evident from the higher values of elastic (105 Pa) and viscous moduli (104 Pa) of gluten‐free doughs compared with the values of elastic (104 Pa) and viscous moduli (103 Pa) of wheat dough. During later stages of proving, the region of elastic, time‐dependent viscoelastic and viscous deformations of gluten‐free doughs were very narrow, and moreover varied among the investigated gluten‐free doughs. The stress required for dough rupture also differed among the tested gluten‐free doughs. While rice, quinoa and millet dough ruptured under the stress of 10.6 kPa, 9.5 kPa and 9.2 kPa, respectively, significantly the lower stresses were required to rupture chickpea (4.9 kPa), amaranth (4.7 kPa), buckwheat (4.0 kPa) and corn (3.2 kPa) dough. Hencky strains at the moment of gluten‐free doughs rupture were, however, quite similar (0.6–0.7). During oscillatory test simulating baking, complex viscosity of gluten‐free doughs was up to 2–3 log cycles higher than the viscosity of wheat dough.Practical ApplicationsThe results confirmed known significant differences between the behavior of gluten‐free and wheat doughs, which occurred during proving as well as baking. Compared with wheat gluten proteins, network in gluten‐free doughs exhibited high values of elastic and viscous moduli, narrow region of elastic, time‐dependent viscoelastic and viscous deformations, as well as high peak complex viscosity during heating. This behavior indicated lower gluten‐free dough ability to increase the gas‐dough interface area and to accumulate leavening gas in pores, which may decrease the bread‐making quality of gluten‐free doughs. Moreover, the differences in the behavior among gluten‐free doughs were described. It can be assumed the differences are in close relationship with the characteristics of arabinoxylan networks. The results are practically applicable in gluten‐free dough quality testing as well as in the development of new formulas aimed at the improvement of the quality of yeast‐leavened gluten‐free bread.