bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal high‐fat diet promotes onset of diabetes in rat offspring
Authors: Ohta Takeshi , Toriniwa Yasufumi , Ryumon Naruhiko , Inaba Nobuhiro , Hirao Tadaaki , Yamanaka Saori , Maeno Takayuki , Sakakibara Wakako , Sumikawa Morio , Chiba Kaoru , Nakamura Akiko , Miyajima Katsuhiro , Fatchiyah Fatchiyah , Yamada Takahisa 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe onset and progression of type II diabetes is closely related to environmental factors, in particular dietary habit. Moreover, the environmental exposures very early in life can influence the risk for development of type II diabetes later in life. In this study, we investigated pathophysiological changes in the pups of maternal Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats that were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) throughout gestation and lactation. Maternal SDT rats were continued on HFD for 5 weeks, from day 8 of gestation to day 21 after birth, and biological analyses of the pups were performed from 2 to 22 weeks of age. Results of serum lipid levels in pups from dams fed HFD were higher than pups from dams fed a standard diet, and the onset of diabetes was significantly accelerated in pups from dams fed HFD. In pathological analyses, pups from dams fed HFD showed increases in liver weight and vacuolation of hepatic cells at 2 weeks of age. In conclusion, the metabolic disorder of lipids and glucose in SDT rats is closely related to the nutritional condition of dams during the periods of gestation and lactation.
Using the SAEM Algorithm for Mechanistic Joint Models Characterizing the Relationship Between Nonlinear PSA Kinetics and Survival in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Desmée Solène , Mentré France , Veyrat-Follet Christine , Sébastien Bernard , Guedj Jérémie 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Joint modeling is increasingly popular for investigating the relationship between longitudinal and time-to-event data. However, numerical complexity often restricts this approach to linear models for the longitudinal part. Here, we use a novel development of the Stochastic-Approximation Expectation Maximization algorithm that allows joint models defined by nonlinear mixed-effect models. In the context of chemotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer, we show that a variety of patterns for the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) kinetics can be captured by using a mechanistic model defined by nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The use of a mechanistic model predicts that biological quantities that cannot be observed, such as treatment-sensitive and treatment-resistant cells, may have a larger impact than PSA value on survival. This suggests that mechanistic joint models could constitute a relevant approach to evaluate the efficacy of treatment and to improve the prediction of survival in patients.
Cyclin D type does not influence cell cycle response to DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation in multiple myeloma tumours
Authors: Smith Dean , Mann David , Yong Kwee 
Published: May 2016

SummaryMultiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by over‐expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) or D2 (CCND2), which control G1 phase cell‐cycle progression. Proteolytic degradation of CCND1 (but not CCND2), resulting in G1 arrest, is reported in non‐MM cells post‐DNA damage, affecting DNA repair and survival. We examined the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on D‐cyclin levels and cell‐cycle kinetics of MM cells, exploring differences based on D‐cyclin expression. We showed that CCND1 is downregulated, whereas CCND2 is not, following IR. This did not lead to hypo‐phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein or G1 arrest. Both CCND1‐ and CCND2‐expressing MM cells arrested in S/G2/M, and did not differ in other cell‐cycle proteins or sensitivity to IR. When treated with a CDK4/6 inhibitor, both CCND1 and CCND2 MM cells arrested in G1 and therefore are subject to physiological regulation at this checkpoint. Immunoprecipitation showed that, despite CCND1 degradation following IR, sufficient protein remains bound to CDK4/6 to prevent G1 arrest. Aberrant expression of CCND1 driven from the IGH promoter in t(11;14) MM cells maintains progression through G1 to arrest in S/G2/M. Differential expression of D‐cyclin does not appear to affect cell‐cycle response to IR, and is unlikely to underlie differential sensitivity to DNA damage.
Co‐production and pilot of a structured interview using Talking Mats® to survey the television viewing habits and preferences of adults and young people with learning disabilities
Authors: Bunning Karen , Alder Ruth , Proudman Lydia , Wyborn Harriet 
Published: May 2016

Accessible Summary

We wanted to find out what people with learning disabilities think about watching television.

Some people find it difficult to say what they are thinking.

We worked with ten adults with learning disabilities who helped us find the right words, questions and pictures to use in our Talking Mats® about watching television.

We tried out the questions on five people to see if our Talking Mats® helped them to say what they thought about television. We made some changes so that the Talking Mats® were ready to use with lots of people.

SummaryBackground: Capturing the views of people with learning disabilities is not straightforward. Talking Mats® has been used successfully to solicit the views of such individuals. The aim was to co‐produce an interview schedule using Talking Mats® on the subject of television‐viewing habits and preferences of adults and young people with learning disabilities. A secondary aim was to assess the feasibility of the tool prior to a larger scale survey.Materials and Methods: A co‐production process was adopted for the development of the Talking Mats ® interview. Ten adults with learning disabilities were recruited as collaborators. Six people participated in an advisory group that met on six occasions. Four supplementary members reviewed the group's work separately. The collaborators generated vocabulary for the tool, selected the most meaningful graphic symbols and reviewed the categories of television programmes. A script to accompany the Talking Mats® procedure was developed and checked for linguistic complexity. The resulting tool was piloted with five participants. The procedure was video recorded and evaluated for procedural effectiveness.Findings: Review of the video recordings from the pilot study revealed that no participant scored below the minimum effectiveness rating of 12. Areas of difficulty that were noted included: time duration of interview, tangibility of symbols and currency of vocabulary. These triggered a number of recommendations for address in the larger scale survey.Conclusions: Working with people with learning disabilities as collaborators helped to develop a tool fit for purpose.
Obese young adults exhibit lower total and lower free serum 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol in a randomized vitamin D intervention
Authors: Holmlund‐Suila Elisa , Pekkinen Minna , Ivaska Kaisa K. , Andersson Sture , Mäkitie Outi , Viljakainen Heli 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObjectiveAlthough obesity is a risk factor for vitamin D insufficiency, its impact on vitamin D‐binding protein (DBP) concentration, and thereby possibly also on free 25OHD, is less well known. Our aim was to compare total and free serum 25OHD, and DBP concentrations between obese and normal‐weight young adults at baseline and their responses to cholecalciferol supplementation.DesignA 12‐week randomized, double‐blinded clinical trial.PatientsObese subjects N = 18 (BMI = 38, 67% men) with severe childhood‐onset obesity and 24 normal‐weight subjects (BMI = 23, 46% men), age between 15 and 25 years, were randomized into two groups to receive either placebo or cholecalciferol 50 μg (2000 IU) daily.MeasurementsAt baseline, 6‐week and 12‐week blood samples and anthropometric measurements were collected; baseline body composition was assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsAt baseline, obese subjects had, compared with normal‐weight, lower total and free serum 25OHD (49 vs 62 nmol/l, P = 0·041; 2·8 vs 4·7 pg/ml, P = 0·001), without differences in DBP concentrations (309 vs 346 μg/ml, P = 0·212). Cholecalciferol 50 μg per day increased both total and free 25OHD (ancova P < 0·001 and P = 0·021). The response of total 25OHD to supplementation was inferior in the obese compared with normal‐weight subjects (P = 0·027). On the contrary, the change in free 25OHD concentration was similar in groups (P = 0·487).ConclusionsObese young adults exhibit lower total and free 25OHD concentration, which is not directly explained by differences in DBP status. The response of free 25OHD to supplementation did not differ between obese and normal‐weight subjects.
Adherence to CPAP therapy: comparing the effect of three educational approaches in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Delanote Isabelle , Borzée Pascal , Belge Catharina , Buyse Bertien , Testelmans Dries 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)‐therapy is the first‐line treatment for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). A significant limitation of CPAP treatment is the poor therapy adherence, compromising the beneficial effects.ObjectiveThis study evaluates three different educational approaches and their effect on therapy adherence.MethodThis single‐center, retrospective study compared three groups of 100 consecutive, CPAP‐naive patients with moderate to severe OSA who were started on CPAP therapy. Group 1 and 2 received the same individual structured education on two consecutive days with an extra phone call 7 to 10 days after CPAP start in group 2. Group 3 received individual structured education on the first day and participated in a group education using a slide presentation open for discussion on the second day. Re‐evaluation was performed after 24 weeks.ResultsBaseline characteristics did not differ significantly between groups. During the 24 weeks follow‐up there was a drop‐out rate of 16% (group 1), 12% (group 2) and 5% (group 3). In the patients still on CPAP after 24 weeks, the mean nightly CPAP usage was, respectively, 4.7 ± 1.8, 5.2 ± 2.3 and 5.7 ± 2.1 h/night. In group 3 both the drop‐out rate and mean CPAP usage were significantly different (P values, respectively, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) compared with group 1.ConclusionImproving CPAP adherence is an ongoing challenge. This study shows that a multi‐modality approach, using a combination of individual and group education using a slide presentation open for discussion resulted in improved therapy adherence.
Prevalence of overlap syndrome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients without sleep apnea symptoms
Authors: Gunduz Canan , Basoglu Ozen K. , Tasbakan Mehmet Sezai 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe co‐existence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common phenomenon referred to as overlap syndrome (OS). In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of OS in mild hypoxemic COPD patients without OSA symptoms and compared characteristics of OS and COPD patients.MethodsForty‐five COPD patients (mean FEV1 1671.3 ± 532.0 mL) with mild hypoxemia presenting no sleep apnea symptoms (96% men, mean age 67.7 ± 8.5 years) were involved in this study. Clinical characteristics were recorded, biochemical analysis and polygraphy were performed.ResultsTwenty‐six patients with a RDI of ≥15 events/h were defined as OS (58%). When OS (n = 26) and COPD without OSA (n = 19) groups were compared, BMI (29.6 ± 6.6 vs 25.6 ± 4.9 kg/m2; P = 0.03), TNF‐α level (24.8 ± 8.1 vs 3.6 ± 0.8 ng/mL; P = 0.03) and sleep time with SpO2 < 90% (23.9 ± 29.4 vs 9.7 ± 21.9%; P = 0.02) were significantly increased in OS. Univariate analysis showed a correlation between RDI and BMI (P < 0.01), Epworth score (P = 0.050), COPD exacerbation frequency (P = 0.046) and TNF‐α (P = 0.048). However, multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation only between RDI and BMI (P < 0.01). BMI as a predictor of OSA was examined through ROC curve analysis and the area under curve was 0.691 (P = 0.03). To identify OS patients, BMI > 27.2 kg/m2 had a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 68%.ConclusionsThis findings support that high prevalence (58%) of OS in COPD patients without OSA symptoms is related to BMI. Therefore, sleep study should be considered in especially overweight or obese COPD patients, even in those without sleep apnea symptoms.
Correlation of acute tubular injury in reperfusion biopsy with renal transplant outcomes
Authors: Oppong Yaa D. , Farber John L. , Chervoneva Inna , Martinez Cantarin Maria P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAcute tubular injury (ATI) is common at reperfusion, but its relationship to graft outcomes is unclear. Prior studies lack standardization of morphological assessments and included elements of acute and chronic tubular injury. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ATI on graft outcomes. Reperfusion biopsies from 2004 to 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. ATI was assessed by a new standardized scoring system. We also assessed chronic injury (CI) by the Banff criteria. Outcomes evaluated included glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at 1 and 5 years and delayed graft function (DGF), acute rejection (AR), graft and patient survival. ATI did not correlate with DGF, AR, graft or overall survival. Mild–moderate ATI was not predictive of GFR post‐transplant. Moderate–severe CI was associated with lower GFR at 5 years with a mean difference of −7.14 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P=.04) and overall survival (HR 2.44, P=.01). Other predictors of graft function included donor age, DGF, and AR. Histologic criteria of ATI at implantation in the absence of donor demographics or clinical information do not provide sufficient predictability in outcomes after transplantation. On the other hand, histologic assessment of CI correlates with GFR and overall survival.
Mast cell phenotypes in the allograft after lung transplantation
Authors: Banga Amit , Han Yingchun , Wang Xiaofeng , Hsieh Fred H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe burden of mast cell (MC) infiltration and their phenotypes, MC‐tryptase (MCT) and MC‐tryptase/chymase (MCTC), after lung transplantation (LT) has not been evaluated in human studies.MethodsWe reviewed 20 transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) specimen from patients with early normal allograft (<6 months post‐LT, n=5), late normal allograft (>6 months, n=5), A2 or worse acute cellular rejection (ACR, n=5), and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD, n=5). Slides were immunostained for tryptase and chymase. Total MC, MCT, MCTC and MCTCto‐MCT ratio were compared between the four groups using a generalized linear mixed model.ResultsIrrespective of clinicopathologic diagnosis, MC burden tends to increase with time (r2=.56, P=.009). MCTC phenotype was significantly increased in the CLAD group (8.2±4.9 cells per HPF) in comparison with the other three groups (early normal: 1.6±1.7, P=.0026; late normal: 2.5±2.3, P=.048; ACR: 2.7±3.5, P=.021). Further, the ratio of MCTC to MCT was significantly increased in CLAD group as compared to the other three groups (P<.001 for all comparisons).ConclusionsThe burden of MC may increase in the allograft as function of time. Patients with CLAD have an increased relative and absolute burden of MCTC phenotype MC. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the potential pathologic role of MCTC in allograft dysfunction.
Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration: performance of biomedical scientists on rapid on‐site evaluation and preliminary diagnosis
Authors: Schacht M. J. , Toustrup C. B. , Madsen L. B. , Martiny M. S. , Larsen B. B. , Simonsen J. T. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesRapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) followed by a subsequent preliminary adequacy assessment and a preliminary diagnosis, was performed at Aarhus University Hospital by biomedical scientists (BMS). The aim of this study was to evaluate theBMSaccuracy ofROSEadequacy assessment, the preliminary adequacy assessment and the preliminary diagnosis as compared with the cytopathologist‐rendered final adequacy assessment and final diagnosis.MethodsTheBMS‐rendered assessments for 717 sites from 319 consecutive patients over a 4‐month period were compared with the cytopathologist‐rendered assessments.Comparisons of adequacy and preliminary diagnoses were based on inter‐observer Cohen's Kappa coefficient with a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsStrong correlations betweenROSEand final adequacy assessments [Kappa coefficient of 0.90 (CI: 0.85–0.96)] and between the preliminary and final adequacy assessments [Kappa coefficient of 0.93 (CI: 0.87–0.99)] were found. As for the correlation between the preliminary and final diagnoses, the Kappa coefficient was 0.99 (CI: 0.98–1).ConclusionBothROSEand preliminary adequacy assessments as well as preliminary diagnoses, all performed byBMS, were highly accurate when compared with the final assessment by the cytopathologist.
Substance use pattern, self‐control and social network are associated with crime in a substance‐using population
Authors: Skjærvø Ingeborg , Skurtveit Svetlana , Clausen Thomas , Bukten Anne 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsCrime rates are high in substance‐using populations; therefore, investigation of factors associated with crime in these populations is highly relevant. We describe crime prevalence and associations between crime, pattern of substance use and psychosocial factors, such as self‐control and social network.Design and MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study including substance users (n = 549; mean age 34 years; 27% women) entering treatment at 21 treatment centres across Norway (December 2012 to April 2015). Data on demographics, substance use, psychosocial variables and crime in the 6 months prior to treatment were obtained through interviews. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated through logistic regression.ResultsSixty‐four percent of participants had committed crime in the 6 months prior to treatment. Of these, 93% committed income‐generating crime. Several factors were associated with increased likelihood of having committed crime: use of stimulants (aOR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.04–3.17), use of a higher number of different substances (aOR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.04–1.31) and spending most of their time with family or friends using addictive substances (aOR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.10–5.16 and aOR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.32–3.73). Protective factors associated with decreased likelihood of committing crime were being older (aOR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.97) and having higher self‐control (aOR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.91–0.97).Discussion and ConclusionsStimulant use, higher number of different substances used, lower self‐control, primarily a substance‐using social network and being younger were associated with crime in this substance‐using population. Treatment clinics should consider these risk factors for crime, and suitable interventions should be implemented and evaluated.[Skjærvø I, Skurtveit S, Clausen T, Bukten A. Substance use pattern, self‐control and social network are associated with crime in a substance‐using population. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:245–252]
The relationship between spoken language and speech and nonspeech processing in children with autism: a magnetic event‐related field study
Authors: Yau Shu Hui , Brock Jon , McArthur Genevieve 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt has been proposed that language impairments in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) stem from atypical neural processing of speech and/or nonspeech sounds. However, the strength of this proposal is compromised by the unreliable outcomes of previous studies of speech and nonspeech processing in ASD. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was an association between poor spoken language and atypical event‐related field (ERF) responses to speech and nonspeech sounds in children with ASD (n = 14) and controls (n = 18). Data from this developmental population (ages 6–14) were analysed using a novel combination of methods to maximize the reliability of our findings while taking into consideration the heterogeneity of the ASD population. The results showed that poor spoken language scores were associated with atypical left hemisphere brain responses (200 to 400 ms) to both speech and nonspeech in the ASD group. These data support the idea that some children with ASD may have an immature auditory cortex that affects their ability to process both speech and nonspeech sounds. Their poor speech processing may impair their ability to process the speech of other people, and hence reduce their ability to learn the phonology, syntax, and semantics of their native language.
The development of generosity and moral cognition across five cultures
Authors: Cowell Jason M. , Lee Kang , Malcolm‐Smith Susan , Selcuk Bilge , Zhou Xinyue , Decety Jean 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMorality is an evolved aspect of human nature, yet is heavily influenced by cultural environment. This developmental study adopted an integrative approach by combining measures of socioeconomic status (SES), executive function, affective sharing, empathic concern, theory of mind, and moral judgment in predicting sharing behavior in children (N = 999) from the age of 5 to 12 in five large‐scale societies: Canada, China, Turkey, South Africa, and the USA. Results demonstrate that age, gender, SES, culture, and social cognitive mechanisms explain over 20% of the variance worldwide in children's resource allocation. These findings are discussed in reference to standard cultural comparisons (individualist/collectivist), as well as the degree of market integration, and highlight continuities and discontinuities in children's generosity across urban contexts.
A Calcified Amorphous Tumor Originating in the Sinus of Valsalva
Authors: Watanabe Yusuke , Naganuma Toru , Nakao Tatsuya , Nakamura Sunao 
Published: May 2016

An 81‐year‐old male with end‐stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis was admitted to our hospital for congestive heart failure secondary to severe aortic stenosis. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a 15.3 × 9.9 mm calcified mass in the sinus of Valsalva. The tumor was diagnosed as a calcified amorphous tumor (CAT) by histologic examination. This is the first report of a CAT that originated in the sinus of Valsalva.