bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Perception of Extreme Cold Weather-Related Health Risk in a Cold Area of Northeast China
Authors: Ban Jie , Lan Li , Yang Chao , Wang Jian , Chen Chen , Huang Ganlin , Li Tiantian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveA need exists for public health strategies regarding extreme weather disasters, which in recent years have become more frequent. This study aimed to understand the public’s perception of extreme cold and its related health risks, which may provide detailed information for public health preparedness during an extreme cold weather event.MethodsTo evaluate public perceptions of cold-related health risk and to identify vulnerable groups, we collected responses from 891 participants in a face-to-face survey in Harbin, China. Public perception was measured by calculating the score for each perception question.ResultsLocals perceived that extreme cold weather and related health risks were serious, but thought they could not avoid these risks. The significant difference in perceived acceptance level between age groups suggested that the elderly are a “high health risk, low risk perception” group, meaning that they are relatively more vulnerable owing to their high susceptibility and low awareness of the health risks associated with extreme cold weather.ConclusionsThe elderly should be a priority in risk communication and health protective interventions. This study demonstrated that introducing risk perception into the public health field can identify vulnerable groups with greater needs, which may improve the decision-making of public health intervention strategies. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:417–421)
A regional record of expanded Holocene wetlands and prehistoric human occupation from paleowetland deposits of the western Yarlung Tsangpo valley, southern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Hudson Adam M. , Olsen John W. , Quade Jay , Lei Guoliang , Huth Tyler E. , Zhang Hucai 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Asian Monsoon, which brings ~80% of annual precipitation to much of the Tibetan Plateau, provides runoff to major rivers across the Asian continent. Paleoclimate records indicate summer insolation and North Atlantic paleotemperature changes forced variations in monsoon rainfall through the Holocene, resulting in hydrologic and ecologic changes in plateau watersheds. We present a record of Holocene hydrologic variability in the Yarlung Tsangpo (YT) valley of the southern Tibetan Plateau, based on sedimentology and 14C dating of organic-rich black mats’ in paleowetlands deposits, that shows changes in wetlands extent in response to changing monsoon intensity. Four sedimentary units indicate decreasing monsoon intensity since 10.4 ka BP. Wet conditions occurred at ~10.4 ka BP, ~9.6 ka BP and ~7.9–4.8 ka BP, with similar-to-modern conditions from ~4.6–2.0 ka BP, and drier-than-modern conditions from ~2.0 ka BP to present. Wetland changes correlate with monsoon intensity changes identified in nearby records, with weak monsoon intervals corresponding to desiccation and erosion of wetlands. Dating of in situ ceramic and microlithic artifacts within the wetlands indicates Epipaleolithic human occupation of the YT valley after 6.6 ka BP, supporting evidence for widespread colonization of the Tibetan Plateau in the early and mid-Holocene during warm, wet post-glacial conditions.
Near-critical swirling flow of a viscoelastic fluid in a circular pipe
Authors: Rusak Zvi , Ly Nguyen , Tichy John A. , Wang Shixiao 
Published: February 2017

The interaction between flow inertia and elasticity in high-Reynolds-number, axisymmetric and near-critical swirling flows of an incompressible and viscoelastic fluid in an open finite-length straight circular pipe is studied at the limit of low elasticity. The stresses of the viscoelastic fluid are described by the generalized Giesekus constitutive model. This model helps to focus the analysis on low fluid elastic effects with shear thinning of the viscosity. The application of the Giesekus model to columnar streamwise vortices is first investigated. Then, a nonlinear small-disturbance analysis is developed from the governing equations of motion. It reveals the complicated interactions between flow inertia, swirl and fluid rheology. An effective Reynolds number that links between steady states of swirling flows of a viscoelastic fluid and those of a Newtonian fluid is revealed. The effects of the fluid viscosity, relaxation time, retardation time and mobility parameter on the flow development in the pipe and on the critical swirl for the appearance of vortex breakdown are explored. It is found that in vortex flows with either an axial jet or an axial wake profile, increasing the shear thinning by decreasing the ratio of the viscoelastic characteristic times from one (with fixed values of the Weissenberg number and the mobility parameter) increases the critical swirl ratio for breakdown. Increasing the fluid elasticity by increasing the Weissenberg number from zero (with a fixed ratio of the viscoelastic characteristic times and a fixed value of the mobility parameter) or increasing the fluid mobility parameter from zero (with fixed values of the Weissenberg number and the ratio of viscoelastic times) causes a similar effect. The results may explain the trend of changes in the appearance of breakdown zones as a function of swirl level that were observed in the experiments by Stokes et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 429, 2001, pp. 67–115), where Boger fluids were used. This work extends for the first time the theory of vortex breakdown to include effects of non-Newtonian fluids.
Curvature instability of a curved Batchelor vortex
Authors: Blanco-Rodríguez Francisco J. , Le Dizès Stéphane 
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we analyse the curvature instability of a curved Batchelor vortex. We consider this short-wavelength instability when the radius of curvature of the vortex centreline is large compared with the vortex core size. In this limit, the curvature instability can be interpreted as a resonant phenomenon. It results from the resonant coupling of two Kelvin modes of the underlying Batchelor vortex with the dipolar correction induced by curvature. The condition of resonance of the two modes is analysed in detail as a function of the axial jet strength of the Batchelor vortex. In contrast to the Rankine vortex, only a few configurations involving $m=0$ and $m=1$ modes are found to become the most unstable. The growth rate of the resonant configurations is systematically computed and used to determine the characteristics of the most unstable mode as a function of the curvature ratio, the Reynolds number and the axial flow parameter. The competition of the curvature instability with another short-wavelength instability, which was considered in a companion paper (Blanco-Rodríguez & Le Dizès, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 804, 2016, pp. 224–247), is analysed for a vortex ring. A numerical error found in this paper, which affects the relative strength of the elliptic instability, is also corrected. We show that the curvature instability becomes the dominant instability in large rings as soon as axial flow is present (vortex ring with swirl).
Asymmetric geographic range expansion explains the latitudinal diversity gradients of four major taxa of marine plankton
Authors: Powell Matthew G. , Glazier Douglas S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractExtensive investigation of the close association between biological diversity and environmental temperature has not yet yielded a generally accepted, empirically validated mechanism to explain latitudinal gradients of species diversity, which occur in most taxa. Using the highly resolved late Cenozoic fossil records of four major taxa of marine plankton, we show that their gradients arise as a consequence of asymmetric geographic range expansion rather than latitudinal variation in diversification rate, as commonly believed. Neither per capita speciation nor extinction rates trend significantly with temperature or latitude for these marine plankton. Species of planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton that originate in the temperate zone preferentially spread toward and arrive earlier in the tropics to produce a normal gradient with tropical diversity peaks; by contrast, temperate-zone originating species of diatoms and radiolarians preferentially spread toward and arrive earlier in polar regions to produce reversed gradients with high-latitude diversity peaks. Our results suggest that temperature affects latitudinal diversity gradients chiefly by its effect on species’ range limits rather than on probabilities of speciation and extinction. We show that this mechanism also appears to operate in various multicellular taxa, thus providing a widely applicable explanation for the origin of latitudinal diversity gradients.
A 30,000 yr high-precision eruption history for the andesitic Mt. Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand
Authors: Damaschke Magret , Cronin Shane J. , Holt Katherine A. , Bebbington Mark S. , Hogg Alan G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTephra layers from 11 sediment cores were examined from a series of closely spaced lake and peat sites, which form an arc around the andesitic stratovolcano Mt. Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand. A new high-resolution composite tephra-deposition record was built, encompassing at least 228 tephra-producing eruptions over the last 30 cal ka BP and providing a basis for understanding variations in magnitude and frequency of explosive volcanism at a typical andesitic volcano. Intersite correlation and geochemical fingerprinting of almost all tephra layers was achieved using electron microprobe–determined titanomagnetite phenocryst and volcanic glass shard compositions, in conjunction with precise age determination of the tephra layers based on continuous down-core radiocarbon dating. Compositional variation within these data allowed the overall eruption record to be divided into six individual tephra sequences. This geochemical/stratigraphic division provides a broad basis for widening correlation to incomplete tephra sequences, with confident correlations to specific, distal Taranaki-derived tephra layers found as far as 270 km from the volcano. Furthermore, this tephrostratigraphical record is one of the most continuous and detailed for an andesitic stratovolcano. It suggests two general patterns of magmatic evolution, characterized by intricate geochemical variations indicating a complex storage and plumbing system beneath the volcano.
Optical dating of late Quaternary carbonate sequences of Saurashtra, western India
Authors: Sharma Komal , Bhatt Nilesh , Shukla Anil Dutt , Cheong Dae-Kyo , Singhvi Ashok Kumar 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBioclastic carbonate deposits that formed because of a combination of nearshore marine, fluvial, and aeolian processes, occur along the Saurashtra coast and in the adjacent interior regions of western India. Whether these carbonates formed by marine or aeolian processes has been debated for many decades. The presence of these deposits inland poses questions as to whether they are climate controlled or attributable to postdepositional tectonic uplift. In particular, the debate centres on chronologic issues including (1) appropriate sampling strategies and (2) the use of230Th/234U and14C ages on the bulk carbonates. Using traces (<1%) of quartz grains trapped in carbonate matrices, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of quartz grains, deposited along with the carbonate grains, provides ages for the most recent deposition events. The OSL ages range from >165 to 44 ka for the shell limestones, 75–17 ka for the fluvially reworked sheet deposits, and 80–11 ka for miliolites deposited by aeolian processes. These are younger than the230Th/234U and14C ages and suggest that the inland carbonate deposits were reworked from older carbonate sediments that were transported during more arid phases.
Inland dunes on the abandoned bed of Glacial Lake Chicago indicate eolian activity during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, southwestern Michigan, USA
Authors: Colgan Patrick M. , Amidon William H. , Thurkettle Sara A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInland dune fields have recently emerged as a source of data for reconstructing paleoenvironments and climate in the western Great Lakes region of North America during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. We employ optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) methods, radiocarbon ages, soils, and landform relationships to determine the age of inland dunes in Ottawa County, Michigan. These dunes rest on the abandoned bed of Glacial Lake Chicago, which is thought to have been exposed after ~13.6 ka. OSL analyses from two inland dunes yield ages ranging from 13.3±1.1 to 11.6±0.9 ka (uncertainty=2σ). Fine sand in the parabolic dunes suggests deflation of exposed glaciolacustrine nearshore sand by northwesterly and westerly winds. These new data add to a growing number of studies that demonstrate widespread eolian activity in the western Great Lakes region during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. OSL ages from dune fields in the western Great Lakes indicate peak eolian activity and dune stabilization occurred during or following the Younger Dryas and Preboreal events. Northwesterly and westerly winds suggest the limited effect of hypothesized easterly anticyclonic winds during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Rapidly changing climate and newly deglaciated surfaces provided an ideal environment for dune formation.
Comparative14C and OSL dating of loess-paleosol sequences to evaluate post-depositional contamination ofn-alkane biomarkers
Authors: Zech Michael , Kreutzer Sebastian , Zech Roland , Goslar Tomasz , Meszner Sascha , McIntyre Cameron , Häggi Christoph , Eglinton Timothy , Faust Dominik , Fuchs Markus 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThere is an ongoing controversial discussion as to whethern-alkane lipid biomarkers—and organic matter of loess in general—reflect a synsedimentary paleoenvironmental/climate signal or whether they are significantly affected by postdepositional “contamination,” for example related to root and rhizomicrobial activity. In order to address this issue at our study site (the Middle to Late Weichselian loess-paleosol sequence Gleina in Saxony, Germany), we determined and compared radiocarbon ages of bulkn-alkanes and sedimentation ages, as assessed by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. The bulkn-alkanes of the four dated samples yielded calibrated14C ages ranging from 24.1 to 49.7 cal ka BP (95.4% probability ranges). While the three uppermostn-alkane samples are well within the range or even slightly older than the OSL-inferred sedimentation ages, the lowermostn-alkane sample is slightly younger than the OSL ages. There is hence little or no evidence at our study site forn-alkanes in loess-paleosol sequences being significantly “contaminated” by deep subsoil rooting or microbial processes. We propose a14C isotope mass balance calculation for estimating such contaminations quantitatively. Radiocarbon dating of bulkn-alkanes might have great potential for Quaternary research, and we encourage further comparative14C and OSL studies.
Iron Age Agriculture − A Critical Rejoinder to “Settlement Oscillations in the Negev Highlands Revisited: the Impact of Microarchaeological Methods”
Authors: Bruins Hendrik J , van der Plicht Johannes 
Published: February 2017

AbstractShahack-Gross and Finkelstein (2015) further developed their theory, based on microarchaeology, that there was no agriculture in the Negev Highlands during the Iron Age. We critically evaluate their article in this rejoinder and propose that their conclusion is an example of overinterpretation from a small amount of indirect data. Based on phytoliths in two courtyards and a few rooms, i.e. structures not related to farming, they construed the absence of agriculture during the Iron Age in an area of 2000 km2. We present new radiocarbon, macroarchaeological, and microarchaeological data of Horvat Haluqim, showing that agriculture in the Negev Highlands based on runoff/floodwater capture and related terrace wall construction did not begin with the Roman–Byzantine period. Terrace agriculture in the Negev is older and includes also the Iron Age.
Community attitudes towards protected areas: insights from Ghana
Authors: Dewu Selase , Røskaft Eivin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUnderstanding community attitudes towards protected areas is of great importance because these attitudes are inherently linked to the long-term existence and effectiveness of protected areas. We assessed the factors that influence community attitudes towards Mole and Digya National Parks in Ghana. During June–August 2015 we conducted interviews with 346 randomly selected households, using a semi-structured questionnaire. We found that attitudes towards the protected areas were positive, with Mole residents being more positive than Digya residents. Analyses revealed that community attitudes were largely influenced by the perceived costs and benefits of the protected area, household size, occupation, level of education, and awareness of or participation in livelihood projects. The findings suggest that increasing the benefits from protected areas and minimizing the costs on fringe communities fosters positive attitudes towards the concept of protected areas and conservation in general. Additionally, perceptions of protected areas are likely to be more positive when management interventions are tailored for local communities as opposed to the adoption of universal, unspecific interventions.
First structured camera-trap surveys in Karen State, Myanmar, reveal high diversity of globally threatened mammals
Authors: Moo Saw Sha Bwe , Froese Graden Z.L. , Gray Thomas N.E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe hill forests of Karen State, Myanmar, were previously inaccessible to biologists and conservationists for security and political reasons. We have, however, now been able to conduct six surveys across the area, using camera traps, for a total of 9,511 trap-nights, to ascertain the presence of threatened mammal species. We obtained 4,191 records of at least 31 mammal species, including 17 categorized as Near Threatened, Vulnerable or Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Carnivores were especially diverse, with 19 species recorded, indicating a globally significant community, including the tiger Panthera tigris, leopard Panthera pardus and dhole Cuon alpinus. Our methodology was not appropriate for estimating relative abundance or occupancy but the species richness of the mammal community, the number of records and the number of locations where species were detected suggest the area is important for the conservation of a globally threatened mammal community that is in decline across the majority of its range. Despite long-standing conservation efforts undertaken by the Karen people, their forests are threatened by hunting and habitat loss. These threats are likely to be exacerbated as political change brings rapid development. Urgent action is thus needed to assist the Karen people to protect one of South-east Asia's last intact rich and diverse ecosystems.
The partisan politics of early childhood education in the German Länder
Authors: Busemeyer Marius R. , Seitzl Lina 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article analyses the role of partisan politics in the recent expansion of early childhood education and care in the German Länder. In contrast to recent work in comparative public policy that often diagnoses a waning of partisan effects, we find broad support for the notion that partisan differences continue to matter in this policy field. The government participation of left-wing parties is positively and significantly associated with changes in public spending on early childhood education, independent of whether this is measured as a percentage of gross domestic product or in terms of per-capita spending. In contrast, left-wing partisanship is not associated with changes in the share of public spending devoted to independent (private) institutions. Coalition status, particularly governing in a Grand Coalition, somewhat mediates these effects. Our empirical analysis is based on the findings from a cross-sectional time-series analysis based on an original data set of spending data for the 16 Länder for the time period between 1992 and 2010.
“Stressing Out”: Cadre Calibration and Affective Proximity to the CCP in Reform-era China
Authors: Mertha Andrew 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMight authoritarian one-party systems experience something akin to party identification – or affective proximity to the Party – that waxes and wanes over time? Such cycles do not centre on elections but on the politics of succession, new policy initiatives and ad hoc housecleaning, and their focus would be officials within the system as opposed to the electorate outside it. I argue that a key mechanism animating such variation in party identification of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) cadres lies within the recurring rectification efforts seeking to temper these individuals and make them more submissive to the larger political goals of the Party centre. Such priming is largely an in-house phenomenon, taking place increasingly deeper within the CCP apparatus. This process tends to involve an extensive arsenal of institutional mechanisms that constitute a particularly big stick and within which pressures to comply can be uncomfortable, even excruciating. Normative elements of these movements, such as the language and substantive written materials used during study, analysis and self-criticism are predominantly in the service of enhancing the sheer domineering quality of the Party vis-à-vis the individuals that make up its ranks. I explore this through an examination of the three stresses (san jiang) campaign of 1998–2002.
Characteristics of foodborne outbreaks in which use of analytical epidemiological studies contributed to identification of suspected vehicles, European Union, 2007 to 2011
Authors: SCHLINKMANN K. M. , RAZUM O. , WERBER D. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYFoodborne disease outbreaks (FBDOs) occur frequently in Europe. Employing analytical epidemiological study designs increases the likelihood of identifying the suspected vehicle(s), but these studies are rarely applied in FBDO investigations. We used multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to identify characteristics of investigated FBDOs reported to the European Food Safety Authority (2007–2011) that were associated with analytical epidemiological evidence (compared to evidence from microbiological investigations/descriptive epidemiology only). The analysis was restricted to FBDO investigations, where the evidence for the suspected vehicle was considered ‘strong’, i.e. convincing. The presence of analytical epidemiological evidence was reported in 2012 (50%) of these 4038 outbreaks. In multivariable analysis, increasing outbreak size, number of hospitalizations, causative (i.e. aetiological) agent (whether identified and, if so, which one), and the setting in which these outbreaks occurred (e.g. geographically dispersed outbreaks) were independently associated with presence of analytical evidence. The number of investigations with reported analytical epidemiological evidence was unexpectedly high, likely indicating the need for quality assurance within the European Union foodborne outbreak reporting system, and warranting cautious interpretation of our findings. This first analysis of evidence implicating a food vehicle in FBDOs may help to inform public health authorities on when to use analytical epidemiological study designs.