bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the impacts of two age‐related portfolio effects on recruitment variability with and without a marine reserve
Authors: McGilliard Carey R. , Punt André E. , Hilborn Ray , Essington Tim 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMany rockfish species are long‐lived and thought to be susceptible to being overfished. Hypotheses about the importance of older female rockfish to population persistence have led to arguments that marine reserves are needed to ensure the sustainability of rockfish populations. However, the implications of these hypotheses for rockfish population dynamics are still unclear. We modeled two mechanisms by which reducing the proportion of older fish in a population has been hypothesized to influence sustainability, and explored whether these mechanisms influenced mean population dynamics and recruitment variability. We explored whether populations with these mechanisms could be managed more sustainably with a marine reserve in addition to a constant fishing mortality rate (F) than with a constant F alone. Both hypotheses can be seen as portfolio effects whereby risk of recruitment failure is spread over a “portfolio” of maternal ages. First, we modeled a spawning window effect whereby mothers of different ages spawned in different times or locations (windows) with local environmental conditions. Second, we modeled an offspring size effect whereby older mothers produced larger offspring than younger mothers, where length of a starvation period over which offspring could survive increased with maternal age. Recruitment variability resulting from both models was 55–65% lower than for models without maternal age‐related portfolio effects in the absence of fishing and increased with increases in Fs for both models. An offspring size effect caused lower output reproductive rates such that the specified reproductive rate input as a model parameter was no longer the realized rate measured as the reproductive rate observed in model results; this quirk is not addressed in previous analyses of offspring size effects. We conducted a standardization such that offspring size effect and control models had the same observed reproductive rates. A comparison of long‐term catch, the probability of falling below a biomass threshold, and recruitment variability over a range of exploitation rates for models with an age‐related portfolio effect showed no benefit of a marine reserve implemented in addition to a constant F (as compared to a constant F alone) for populations with sedentary adults and sedentary or mobile larvae.
Persistent accumulation of gut macrophages with impaired phagocytic function correlates with SIV disease progression in macaques
Authors: Swan Zachary D. , Bouwer Anthea L. , Wonderlich Elizabeth R. , Barratt‐Boyes Simon M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe contribution of macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract to disease control or progression in HIV infection remains unclear. To address this question, we analyzed CD163+ macrophages in ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes (LN) from SIV‐infected rhesus macaques with dichotomous expression of controlling MHC class I alleles predicted to be SIV controllers or progressors. Infection induced accumulation of macrophages into gut mucosa in the acute phase that persisted in progressors but was resolved in controllers. In contrast, macrophage recruitment to mesenteric LNs occurred only transiently in acute infection irrespective of disease outcome. Persistent gut macrophage accumulation was associated with CD163 expression on α4β7+CD16+ blood monocytes and correlated with epithelial damage. Macrophages isolated from intestine of progressors had reduced phagocytic function relative to controllers and uninfected macaques, and the proportion of phagocytic macrophages negatively correlated with mucosal epithelial breach, lamina propria Escherichia coli density, and plasma virus burden. Macrophages in intestine produced low levels of cytokines regardless of disease course, while mesenteric LN macrophages from progressors became increasingly responsive as infection advanced. These data indicate that noninflammatory CD163+ macrophages accumulate in gut mucosa in progressive SIV infection in response to intestinal damage but fail to adequately phagocytose debris, potentially perpetuating their recruitment.
RAPTOR‐UAV: Real‐time particle tracking in rivers using an unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Thumser Philipp , Haas Christian , Tuhtan Jeffrey A. , Fuentes‐Pérez Juan Francisco , Toming Gert 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRiver system measurement and mapping using UAVs is both lean and agile, with the added advantage of increased safety for the surveying crew. A common parameter of fluvial geomorphological studies is the flow velocity, which is a major driver of sediment behavior. Advances in fluid mechanics now include metrics describing the presence and interaction of coherent structures within a flow field and along its boundaries. These metrics have proven to be useful in studying the complex turbulent flows but require time‐resolved flow field data, which is normally unavailable in geomorphological studies. Contactless UAV‐based velocity measurement provides a new source of velocity field data for measurements of extreme hydrological events at a safe distance, and could allow for measurements of inaccessible areas. Recent works have successfully applied large‐scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) using UAVs in rivers, focusing predominantly on surficial flow estimation by tracking intensity differences between georeferenced images. The objective of this work is to introduce a methodology for UAV based real‐time particle tracking in rivers (RAPTOR) in a case study along a short test reach of the Brigach River in the German Black Forest. This methodology allows for large‐scale particle tracking velocimetry (LSPTV) using a combination of floating, infrared light‐emitting particles and a programmable embedded color vision sensor in order to simultaneously detect and track the positions of objects. The main advantage of this approach is its ability to rapidly collect and process the position data, which can be done in real time. The disadvantages are that the method requires the use of specialized light‐emitting particles, which in some cases cannot be retrieved from the investigation area, and that the method returns velocity data in unscaled units of px/s. This work introduces the RAPTOR system with its hardware, data processing workflow, and provides an example of unscaled velocity field estimation using the proposed method. First experiences with the method show that the tracking rate of 50 Hz allows for position estimation with sub‐pixel accuracy, even considering UAV self‐motion. A comparison of the unscaled tracks after Savitzky–Golay filtering shows that although the time‐averaged velocities remain virtually the same, the filter reduces the standard deviation by more than 40% and the maxima by 20%. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural correlates of formal thought disorder: An activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis
Authors: Wensing Tobias , Cieslik Edna C. , Müller Veronika I. , Hoffstaedter Felix , Eickhoff Simon B. , Nickl‐Jockschat Thomas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFormal thought disorder (FTD) refers to a psychopathological dimension characterized by disorganized and incoherent speech. Whether symptoms of FTD arise from aberrant processing in language‐related regions or more general cognitive networks, however, remains debated. Here, we addressed this question by a quantitative meta‐analysis of published functional neuroimaging studies on FTD. The revised Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) algorithm was used to test for convergent aberrant activation changes in 18 studies (30 experiments) investigating FTD, of which 17 studies comprised schizophrenia patients and one study healthy subjects administered to S‐ketamine. Additionally, we analyzed task‐dependent and task‐independent (resting‐state) functional connectivity (FC) of brain regions showing convergence in activation changes. Subsequent functional characterization was performed for the initial clusters and the delineated connectivity networks by reference to the BrainMap database. Consistent activation changes were found in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and two regions within the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (p‐MTG), ventrally (vp‐MTG) and dorsally (dp‐MTG). Functional characterization revealed a prominent functional association of ensuing clusters from our ALE meta‐analysis with language and speech processing, as well as auditory perception in STG and with social cognition in dp‐MTG. FC analysis identified task‐dependent and task‐independent networks for all three seed regions, which were mainly related to language and speech processing, but showed additional involvement in higher order cognitive functions. Our findings suggest that FTD is mainly characterized by abnormal activation in brain regions of the left hemisphere that are associated with language and speech processing, but also extend to higher order cognitive functions. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4946–4965, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A putative lysophosphatidylinositol receptor GPR55 modulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity
Authors: Hurst Katrina , Badgley Corinne , Ellsworth Tanner , Bell Spencer , Friend Lindsey , Prince Brad , Welch Jacob , Cowan Zack , Williamson Ryan , Lyon Chris , Anderson Brandon , Poole Brian , Christensen Michael , McNeil Michael , Call Jarrod , Edwards Jeffrey G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGPR55, an orphan G‐protein coupled receptor, is activated by lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) and the endocannabinoid anandamide, as well as by other compounds including THC. LPI is a potent endogenous ligand of GPR55 and neither GPR55 nor LPIs' functions in the brain are well understood. While endocannabinoids are well known to modulate brain synaptic plasticity, the potential role LPI could have on brain plasticity has never been demonstrated. Therefore, we examined not only GPR55 expression, but also the role its endogenous ligand could play in long‐term potentiation, a common form of synaptic plasticity. Using quantitative RT‐PCR, electrophysiology, and behavioral assays, we examined hippocampal GPR55 expression and function. qRT‐PCR results indicate that GPR55 is expressed in hippocampi of both rats and mice. Immunohistochemistry and single cell PCR demonstrates GPR55 protein in pyramidal cells of CA1 and CA3 layers in the hippocampus. Application of the GPR55 endogenous agonist LPI to hippocampal slices of GPR55+/+ mice significantly enhanced CA1 LTP. This effect was absent in GPR55−/− mice, and blocked by the GPR55 antagonist CID 16020046. We also examined paired‐pulse ratios of GPR55−/− and GPR55+/+ mice with or without LPI and noted significant enhancement in paired‐pulse ratios by LPI in GPR55+/+ mice. Behaviorally, GPR55−/− and GPR55+/+ mice did not differ in memory tasks including novel object recognition, radial arm maze, or Morris water maze. However, performance on radial arm maze and elevated plus maze task suggests GPR55−/− mice have a higher frequency of immobile behavior. This is the first demonstration of LPI involvement in hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
Significance of l‐carnitine for human health
Authors: Adeva‐Andany María M. , Calvo‐Castro Isabel , Fernández‐Fernández Carlos , Donapetry‐García Cristóbal , Pedre‐Piñeiro Ana María 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCarnitine acyltransferases catalyze the reversible transfer of acyl groups from acyl‐coenzyme A esters to l‐carnitine, forming acyl‐carnitine esters that may be transported across cell membranes. l‐Carnitine is a wáter‐soluble compound that humans may obtain both by food ingestion and endogenous synthesis from trimethyl‐lysine. Most l‐carnitine is intracellular, being present predominantly in liver, skeletal muscle, heart and kidney. The organic cation transporter‐2 facilitates l‐carnitine uptake inside cells. Congenital dysfunction of this transporter causes primary l‐carnitine deficiency. Carnitine acetyltransferase is involved in the export of excess acetyl groups from the mitochondria and in acetylation reactions that regulate gene transcription and enzyme activity. Carnitine octanoyltransferase is a peroxysomal enzyme required for the complete oxidation of very long‐chain fatty acids and phytanic acid, a branched‐chain fatty acid. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 is a transmembrane protein located on the outer mitochondrial membrane where it catalyzes the conversion of acyl‐coenzyme A esters to acyl‐carnitine esters. Carnitine acyl‐carnitine translocase transports acyl‐carnitine esters across the inner mitochondrial membrane in exchange for free l‐carnitine that exits the mitochondrial matrix. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐2 is anchored on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it converts acyl‐carnitine esters back to acyl‐coenzyme A esters, which may be used in metabolic pathways, such as mitochondrial β‐oxidation. l‐Carnitine enhances nonoxidative glucose disposal under euglycemic hyperinsulinemic conditions in both healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that l‐carnitine strengthens insulin effect on glycogen storage. The plasma level of acyl‐carnitine esters, primarily acetyl‐carnitine, increases during diabetic ketoacidosis, fasting, and physical activity, particularly high‐intensity exercise. Plasma concentration of free l‐carnitine decreases simultaneously under these conditions. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(8):578–594, 2017
Critical updates in the 7th edition of the American Society for Apheresis guidelines
Authors: Ipe Tina S. , Pham Huy P. , Williams Lance A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe 7th edition of the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) guidelines was composed by an international physicians committee, and includes 14 new diseases, and 2 new indications for diseases described in the former guidelines. Several indications have either changed names or were excluded from this edition. The guidelines are developed after taking into account documented evidence, either supporting or negating use of apheresis technology in the treatment of diseases. Based on this evidence, the committee revises, updates and includes or excludes disease entities/indications in the guidelines. This article describes the revisions to the 7th edition of the ASFA guidelines, in a comprehensive manner.
Radiomic analysis of soft tissues sarcomas can distinguish intermediate from high‐grade lesions
Authors: Corino Valentina D.A. , Montin Eros , Messina Antonella , Casali Paolo G. , Gronchi Alessandro , Marchianò Alfonso , Mainardi Luca T. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo assess the feasibility of grading soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) using MRI features (radiomics).Materials and MethodsMRI (echo planar SE, 1.5T) from 19 patients with STSs and a known histological grading, were retrospectively analyzed. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, obtained by diffusion‐weighted imaging acquisitions, were analyzed through 65 radiomic features, intensity‐based (first order statistics, FOS) and texture (gray level co‐occurrence matrix, GLCM; and gray level run length matrix, GLRLM) features. Feature selection (sequential forward floating search) and classification (k‐nearest neighbor classifier) were performed to distinguish intermediate‐ from high‐grade STSs. Classification was performed using the three different sub‐groups of features separately as well as all the features together. The entire dataset was divided in three subsets: the training, validation and test set, containing, respectively, 60, 30, and 10% of the data.ResultsIntermediate‐grade lesions had a higher and less disperse ADC values compared with high‐grade ones: most of FOS related to intensity are higher for the intermediate‐grade STSs, while FOS related to signal variability were higher in the high grade (e.g., the feature variance is 2.6*105 ± 0.9*105 versus 3.3*105 ± 1.6*105, P = 0.3). The GLCM features related to entropy and dissimilarity were higher in the high‐grade. When performing classification, the best accuracy is obtained with a maximum of three features for each subgroup, FOS features being those leading to the best classification (validation set: FOS accuracy 0.90 ± 0.11, area under the curve [AUC] 0.85 ± 0.16; test set: FOS accuracy 0.88 ± 0.25, AUC 0.87 ± 0.34).ConclusionGood accuracy and AUC could be obtained using only few Radiomic features, belonging to the FOS class.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:829–840.
Leader–member exchange (LMX) differentiation and work outcomes: Conceptual clarification and critical review
Authors: Martin Robin , Thomas Geoff , Legood Alison , Dello Russo Silvia 
Published: June 2017

SummaryAccording to leader–member exchange (LMX) theory, leaders develop different quality relationships with followers in their team (termed LMX differentiation). An important theoretical question concerns how different LMX relationships within a team affect followers' work outcomes. This paper provides a critical review of the concept of LMX differentiation. We propose that the LMX differentiation process leads to patterns of LMX relationships that can be captured by 3 properties (central tendency, variation, and relative position). We describe a taxonomy illustrating the different ways these properties have been conceptualized and measured. We identify 2 approaches to LMX differentiation as being a “perspective of the team” (that are shared perceptions amongst team members) or a “perspective of the follower” (subjective perceptions unique to each follower). These perspectives lead to different types of measures that predict different outcomes at the individual and team levels. We describe theoretical models employed to explain the effects of LMX differentiation (justice, social comparison, and social identity theories). Generally, the lower the within‐team variation in LMX or the more a team member's LMX is higher than the mean team LMX, the better are the work outcomes, but many moderators condition these effects. Finally, we identify some key areas for future research.
Reduced bone loss in a murine model of postmenopausal osteoporosis lacking complement component 3
Authors: MacKay Danielle L. , Kean Thomas J. , Bernardi Kristina G. , Haeberle Heather S. , Ambrose Catherine G. , Lin Feng , Dennis James E. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe growing field of osteoimmunology seeks to unravel the complex interdependence of the skeletal and immune systems. Notably, we and others have demonstrated that complement signaling influences the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the two primary cell types responsible for maintaining bone homeostasis. However, the net effect of complement on bone homeostasis in vivo was unknown. Our published in vitro mechanistic work led us to hypothesize that absence of complement component 3 (C3), a central protein in the complement activation cascade, protects against bone loss in the ovariectomy‐based model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Indeed, we report here that, when compared to their C57BL/6J (WT) counterparts, ovariectomized C3 deficient mice experienced reduced bone loss at multiple sites and increased stiffness at the femoral neck, the latter potentially improving mechanical function. WT and B6;129S4‐C3tm1Crr/J (C3‐/‐) mice were either ovariectomized or sham‐operated at 6 weeks of age and euthanized at 12 weeks. MicroCT on harvested bones revealed that the trabecular bone volume fraction in the metaphyses of both the proximal tibiae and distal femora of ovariectomized C3‐/‐ mice is significantly greater than that of their WT counterparts. Lumbar vertebrae showed significantly greater osteoid content and mineral apposition rates. Mechanical testing demonstrated significantly greater stiffness in the femoral necks of ovariectomized C3‐/‐ mice. These results demonstrate that C3 deficiency reduces bone loss at ovariectomy and may improve mechanical properties. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:118–128, 2018.
Phytosterol‐based oleogels self‐assembled with monoglyceride for controlled volatile release
Authors: Yang Dan‐Xia , Chen Xiao‐Wei , Yang Xiao‐Quan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDOleogels have recently emerged as a subject of growing interest among industrial and academic researchers as an alternative to saturated/trans‐fat and delivery of functional ingredients. Phytosterols, comprising plant‐derived natural steroid compounds, are preferred for oleogel production because they are both natural and healthy. In the present study, phytosterol‐based oleogels self‐assembled with monoglyceride were studied with respect to tuning volatile release.RESULTSMicroscopy images of the bicomponent oleogels of β‐sitosterol and monoglyceride showed the formation of a new three‐dimensional network of entangled crystals and a controllable microstructure. Our analysis from differential scanning calorimetry and small angle X‐ray scattering results suggests the self‐assembly of β‐sitosterol and monoglyceride via intermolecular hydrogen bonds into spherulitic microstructures. The results showed that the release rate (v0), maximum headspace concentrations (Cmax) and partition coefficients (ka/o) for oleogels showed a significantly controlled release and were tunable via the microstructure of phytosterol‐based oleogels under both dynamic and static conditions. In addition, the solid‐like oleogels had interesting thixotropic and thermoresponsive behaviors, probably as a result of intermolecular hydrogen bonding.CONCLUSIONThe self‐assembly of phytosterol‐based oleogels with monoglyceride was attributed to intermolecular hydrogen and is demonstrated to be a promising tunable and functional strategy for delivering flavor compounds. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Maternal chromosome Xp deletion identified by prenatal cell‐free DNA screening
Authors: Ilagan Bernard J. , Maxwell Megan D. , Fisher Barbra M. , Milanovich Jeri , Owen Renius , Anderson Ben , Zhang Ke , Strom Charles M. 
Published: June 2017

What's already known about this topic?

Prenatal cell‐free (cfDNA) screening has been validated to detect fetal copy number variations (CNVs), depending upon CNV size and sequencing depth. Emerging evidence suggests that it can also accurately detect maternal CNVs.What does this study add?
This case report underscores the clinical significance of maternal CNVs detected incidentally during cfDNA screening.
© 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.