bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Filler Alloy Composition and Process Parameters on the Intermetallic Layer Thickness in Single-Sided Cold Metal Transfer Welding of Aluminum-Steel Blanks
Authors: Silvayeh Zahra , Vallant Rudolf , Sommitsch Christof , Götzinger Bruno , Karner Werner , Hartmann Matthias 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Hybrid components made of aluminum alloys and high-strength steels are typically used in automotive lightweight applications. Dissimilar joining of these materials is quite challenging; however, it is mandatory in order to produce multimaterial car body structures. Since especially welding of tailored blanks is of utmost interest, single-sided Cold Metal Transfer butt welding of thin sheets of aluminum alloy EN AW 6014 T4 and galvanized dual-phase steel HCT 450 X + ZE 75/75 was experimentally investigated in this study. The influence of different filler alloy compositions and welding process parameters on the thickness of the intermetallic layer, which forms between the weld seam and the steel sheet, was studied. The microstructures of the weld seam and of the intermetallic layer were characterized using conventional optical light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal that increasing the heat input and decreasing the cooling intensity tend to increase the layer thickness. The silicon content of the filler alloy has the strongest influence on the thickness of the intermetallic layer, whereas the magnesium and scandium contents of the filler alloy influence the cracking tendency. The layer thickness is not uniform and shows spatial variations along the bonding interface. The thinnest intermetallic layer (mean thickness < 4 µm) is obtained using the silicon-rich filler Al-3Si-1Mn, but the layer is more than twice as thick when different low-silicon fillers are used.
Ecotoxicology Study of Various Homologues of Methyl Ester Sulfonates (MES) Derived from Palm Oil
Authors: Ishak Siti Afida , Ghazali Razmah , Abd Maurad Zulina , Zolkarnain Noorazah 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMethyl ester sulfonate (MES) is an anionic surfactant derived from palm oil through sulfonation of fatty acid methyl esters. Due to limited ecotoxicological data on MES, this study was initiated to evaluate the ecotoxicological properties of MES and its impact to the environment. The respirometric method (OECD 301F) was used to monitor the biodegradation of various homologues of MES over 28 days. The algae growth inhibition test (OECD 201) was conducted to assess the effects of palm‐based MES towards green algae by exposing exponentially‐growing cultures ofPseudokirchneriella subcapitata(P. subcapitata)to five concentrations of MES with maximum concentrations of 100 mg/L. Results showed all MES samples were readily biodegradable, where the biodegradability of each homologue surpassed 60% within 28 days. It was also observed that the longer the carbon chain length of MES, the solubility and the biodegradability rate decreased. The ecotoxicity of C12 and C14 MES towardsP. subcapitataafter 72 h of experiment showed no inhibition of algae growth in C12 MES while, the growth of algae decreased as the concentration of C14 MES increases. The EC50value for C14 MES and C16 MES towards green algae was >100 and >10 mg/L, respectively. It can be concluded that C12 and C14 MES were practically non‐toxic towardsP. subcapitataand the toxicity increased with an increase in chain length of the surfactant (EC50value decreases). Therefore homologues of palm‐based MES are not expected to cause environmental concern due to their biodegradability and low toxicity in the aquatic environment.
Long-Term Safety and Effectiveness of Adalimumab for Moderate to Severe Psoriasis: Results from 7-Year Interim Analysis of the ESPRIT Registry
Authors: Menter Alan , Thaçi Diamant , Wu Jashin J. , Abramovits William , Kerdel Francisco , Arikan Dilek , Guo Dianlin , Ganguli Arijit , Bereswill Mareike , Camez Anne , Valdecantos Wendell C. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Introduction
ESPRIT (NCT00799877) is an ongoing 10-year international prospective observational registry evaluating the long-term safety and effectiveness of originator adalimumab in routine clinical practice for adult patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Herein, we report the long-term safety, effectiveness, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following adalimumab treatment over the first 7 years of the ESPRIT registry.

Methods
All treatment-emergent (All-TE) adverse events (AE) since the initial (first ever) dose of adalimumab were assessed. Physician Global Assessment (PGA) and PROs (PROs for US patients only) were evaluated during registry participation.

Results
As of 30 November 2015, 6051 patients in the ESPRIT registry were analyzed, representing 23,660.1 patient-years (PY) of overall adalimumab exposure. The incidence rates for All-TE serious AEs, serious infections, and malignancies were 4.4, 1.0, and 1.0 events per 100 PY (E/100PY), respectively. The standardized mortality ratio for TE deaths in the registry was 0.27 (95% CI 0.18–0.38). During the registry’s first 7 years, PGA “clear” or “minimal” was achieved by >50% of patients at each annual visit, and among US patients, the mean improvement from baseline in different PROs was maintained.

Conclusion
No new safety signals were identified during the first 7 years of the registry, and safety was consistent with the known safety profile of adalimumab. The number of TE deaths was below the expected rate. During the registry’s first 7 years, most of the patients remained free of All-TE cardiovascular events, serious infections, and malignancy. As-observed effectiveness of adalimumab and improvements from baseline in PROs were maintained through 7 years of registry participation.

Funding
Abbvie.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT00799877.
A comprehensive regional clinical and educational ECPR protocol decreases time
to ECMO in patients with refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Grunau Brian , Carrier Sarah , Bashir Jamil , Dick William , Harris Luke , Boone Robert , Kalla Dan , Scheuermeyer Frank , Twaites Brian , Straight Ron , Abel James , McDonald Ken , MacRedmond Ruth , Agulnik David , Finkler Joe , MacLeod Jeanne , Christenson Jim , Cheung Anson 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objective
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation within CPR (ECPR) may improve survival
for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We developed a
prehospital, emergency department (ED), and hospital-based clinical and
educational protocol to improve the key variable of time-to-ECPR
(TTE).

Methods
In a single urban health region we involved key prehospital, clinical, and
administrative stakeholders over a 2-year period, to develop a regional ECPR
program with destination to a single urban tertiary care hospital. We developed
clear and reproducible inclusion criteria and processes, including measures of
program efficiency. We conducted seminars and teaching modules to paramedics
and hospital-based clinicians including monthly simulator sessions, and
performed detailed reviews of each treated case in the form of report cards. In
this before-and-after study we compared patients with ECPR attempted prior to,
and after, protocol implementation. The primary outcome was TTE, defined as the
time of initial professional CPR to establishment of extracorporeal
circulation. We compared the median TTE for patients in the two groups using
the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results
Four patients were identified prior to the protocol and managed in an ad
hoc basis; for nine patients the protocol was utilized. Overall favourable
neurological outcomes among ECPR-treated patients were 27%. The median TTE was
136 minutes (IQR 98 - 196) in the pre-protocol group, and 60 minutes (IQR 49 -
81) minutes in the protocol group (p=0.0165).

Conclusion
An organized clinical and educational protocol to initiate ECPR for
patients with OHCA is feasible and significantly reduces the key benchmark of
time-to-ECPR flows.
Of mice and men, nature and nurture, and a few red herrings
Authors: Hauser Marc D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBurkart et al.'s proposal is based on three false premises: (1) theories of the mind are either domain-specific/modular (DSM) or domain-general (DG); (2) DSM systems are considered inflexible, built by nature; and (3) animal minds are deemed as purely DSM. Clearing up these conceptual confusions is a necessary first step in understanding how general intelligence evolved.
The evolution of general intelligence inallanimals and machines
Authors: Holekamp Kay E. , Miikkulainen Risto 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe strongly agree that general intelligence occurs in many animals but find the cultural intelligence hypothesis of limited usefulness. Any viable hypothesis explaining the evolution of general intelligence should be able to account for it in all species where it is known to occur, and should also predict the conditions under which we can develop machines with general intelligence as well.
Where is the evidence for general intelligence in nonhuman animals?
Authors: Huber Ludwig 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis commentary contrasts evolutionary plausibility with empirical evidence and cognitive continuity with radiation and convergent evolution. So far, neither within-species nor between-species comparisons on the basis of rigorous experimental and species-appropriate tests substantiate the claims made in the target article. Caution is advisable on meta-analytical comparisons that primarily rely on publication frequencies and overgeneralizations (from murids and primates to other nonhuman animals).
Habit formation generates secondary modules that emulate the efficiency of evolved behavior
Authors: Nordli Samuel A. , Todd Peter M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe discuss the evolutionary implications of connections drawn between the authors' learned “secondary modules” and the habit-formation system that appears to be ubiquitous among vertebrates. Prior to any subsequent coevolution with social learning, we suggest that aspects of general intelligence likely arose in tandem with mechanisms of adaptive motor control that rely on basal ganglia circuitry.
“Birdbrains” should not be ignored in studying the evolution of g
Authors: Pepperberg Irene M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe authors evaluate evidence for general intelligence (g) in nonhumans but lean heavily toward mammalian data. They mention, but do not discuss in detail, evidence for g in nonmammalian species, for which substantive material exists. I refer to a number of avian studies, particularly in corvids and parrots, which would add breadth to the material presented in the target article.
General intelligence does not help us understand cognitive evolution
Authors: Shuker David M. , Barrett Louise , Dickins Thomas E. , Scott-Phillips Thom C. , Barton Robert A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBurkart et al. conflate the domain-specificity of cognitive processes with the statistical pattern of variance in behavioural measures that partly reflect those processes. General intelligence is a statistical abstraction, not a cognitive trait, and we argue that the former does not warrant inferences about the nature or evolution of the latter.
Future directions for studying the evolution of general intelligence
Authors: Burkart Judith M. , Schubiger Michèle N. , van Schaik Carel P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe goal of our target article was to lay out current evidence relevant to the question of whether general intelligence can be found in nonhuman animals in order to better understand its evolution in humans. The topic is a controversial one, as evident from the broad range of partly incompatible comments it has elicited. The main goal of our response is to translate these issues into testable empirical predictions, which together can provide the basis for a broad research agenda.
Excitation of terahertz radiation generation by obliquely incident beating lasers on a hot magnetized plasma with step density profile
Authors: Mann K.L. , Sajal V. , Sharma N.K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA scheme of resonant terahertz (THz) radiation generation by non-linear beating of two lasers in hot magnetized plasma with step density profile is investigated. Beating lasers of frequency difference ω1 − ω2 ≈ ωp(~1 THz) is incident obliquely on plasma surface and exerts non-linear ponderomotive force on plasma electrons. The plasma electrons start oscillating in the plane of incidence and give rise to space charge field to maintain plasma neutrality. In turn, both ponderomotive force and space charge field excites a non-linear surface current, responsible for THz radiation generation on the reflection side. The coupling between plasma wave and electromagnetic wave present (inside the plasma as well as on reflection side) becomes stronger in the presence of the transverse DC magnetic field. THz radiation amplitude is optimized at an angle of incidence θ ~ 50–70°.
Whi7 is an unstable cell-cycle repressor of the Start transcriptional program
Authors: Gomar-Alba Mercè , Méndez Ester , Quilis Inma , Bañó M. Carmen , Igual J. Carlos 
Published: August 2017

AbstractStart is the main decision point in eukaryotic cell cycle in which cells commit to a new round of cell division. It involves the irreversible activation of a transcriptional program by G1 CDK-cyclin complexes through the inactivation of Start transcriptional repressors, Whi5 in yeast or Rb in mammals. Here we provide novel keys of how Whi7, a protein related at sequence level to Whi5, represses Start. Whi7 is an unstable protein, degraded by the SCFGrr1 ubiquitin-ligase, whose stability is cell cycle regulated by CDK1 phosphorylation. Importantly, Whi7 associates to G1/S gene promoters in late G1 acting as a repressor of SBF-dependent transcription. Our results demonstrate that Whi7 is a genuine paralog of Whi5. In fact, both proteins collaborate in Start repression bringing to light that yeast cells, as occurs in mammalian cells, rely on the combined action of multiple transcriptional repressors to block Start transition.
Electrical control of the anomalous valley Hall effect in antiferrovalley bilayers
Authors: Tong Wen-Yi , Duan Chun-Gang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn analogy to all-electric spintronics, all-electric valleytronics, i.e., valley manipulation via electric means, becomes an exciting new frontier as it may bring revolutions in the field of data storage with ultra-high speed and ultra-low power consumption. The existence of the anomalous valley Hall effect in ferrovalley materials demonstrates the possibility of electrical detection for valley polarization. However, in previously proposed valley-polarized monolayers, the anomalous valley Hall effect is controlled by external magnetic fields. Here, through elaborate structural design, we propose the antiferrovally bilayer as an ideal candidate for realizing all-electric valleytronic devices. Using the minimal k·p model, we show that the energy degeneracy between valley indexes in such system can be lifted by electric approaches. Subsequently, the anomalous valley Hall effect strongly depends on the electric field as well. Taking the bilayer VSe2 as an example, all-electric tuning and detecting of anomalous valley Hall effect is confirmed by density-functional theory calculations, indicating that the valley information in such antiferrovalley bilayer can be reversed by an electric field perpendicular to the plane of the system and easily probed through the sign of the Hall voltage.
Discovery from a large-scaled survey of Trichoderma in soil of China
Authors: Chen Kai , Zhuang Wen-Ying 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe first large-scaled survey of soil-inhabiting Trichoderma is conducted in 23 provinces of China. Twenty-three new species belonging to the green-ascospored clades are discovered. Their phylogenetic positions are determined by sequence analyses of the combined partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha and the second largest RNA polymerase subunit encoding genes. Morphology and culture characteristics are observed, described and illustrated in detail. Distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are compared and discussed. They are named as: T. aggregatum, T. alpinum, T. bannaense, T. breve, T. brevicrassum, T. byssinum, T. chlamydosporicum, T. concentricum, T. ganodermatis, T. hainanense, T. hengshanicum, T. hirsutum, T. hunanense, T. ingratum, T. liberatum, T. linzhiense, T. longisporum, T. polypori, T. pseudodensum, T. simplex, T. solum, T. undatipile and T. zayuense.
Morph specific foraging behavior by a polymorphic raptor under variable light conditions
Authors: Tate Gareth J , Amar Arjun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractColour polymorphism may be maintained within a population by disruptive-selection. One hypothesis proposes that different morphs are adapted to different ambient light conditions, with lighter morphs having a selective advantage in bright conditions and darker morphs having advantages in darker conditions. The mechanism for this advantage is proposed to be through enhanced crypsis via background-matching. We explore this hypothesis in a polymorphic raptor, the black sparrowhawk Accipiter melanoleucus, which exhibits a discrete dark and white-morph. We use GPS-tracking data to contrast the foraging behaviour and habitat selection of morphs. As predicted, we found that light-levels influenced foraging behaviour in different ways for morphs: Dark-morphs showed a decrease in foraging with increasing light-levels; whereas no relationship was found for white-morphs. Furthermore, we found differential-degrees of habitat selection, with dark-morphs selecting more enclosed habitats compared to white-morphs. This suggests that different morphs may be better adapted to foraging under different light-conditions, potentially playing a role in maintaining colour polymorphism in this species. Our results may also help explain why dark-morphs predominate in this study region, which experiences high rainfall and lower light-levels during the breeding-period. This study suggests that avian morphs may allocate/partition foraging activity by weather conditions/habitat, which maximise their concealment from prey.
A mobile pathogenicity chromosome in Fusarium oxysporum for infection of multiple cucurbit species
Authors: van Dam Peter , Fokkens Like , Ayukawa Yu , van der Gragt Michelle , ter Horst Anneliek , Brankovics Balázs , Houterman Petra M. , Arie Tsutomu , Rep Martijn 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe genome of Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) consists of a set of eleven ‘core’ chromosomes, shared by most strains and responsible for housekeeping, and one or several accessory chromosomes. We sequenced a strain of Fo f.sp. radicis-cucumerinum (Forc) using PacBio SMRT sequencing. All but one of the core chromosomes were assembled into single contigs, and a chromosome that shows all the hallmarks of a pathogenicity chromosome comprised two contigs. A central part of this chromosome contains all identified candidate effector genes, including homologs of SIX6, SIX9, SIX11 and SIX13. We show that SIX6 contributes to virulence of Forc. Through horizontal chromosome transfer (HCT) to a non-pathogenic strain, we also show that the accessory chromosome containing the SIX gene homologs is indeed a pathogenicity chromosome for cucurbit infection. Conversely, complete loss of virulence was observed in Forc016 strains that lost this chromosome. We conclude that also a non-wilt-inducing Fo pathogen relies on effector proteins for successful infection and that the Forc pathogenicity chromosome contains all the information necessary for causing root rot of cucurbits. Three out of nine HCT strains investigated have undergone large-scale chromosome alterations, reflecting the remarkable plasticity of Fo genomes.
Unilateral stimulation of the lateral division of the dorsal telencephalon induces synaptic plasticity in the bilateral medial division of zebrafish
Authors: Wu Yao-Ju , Chen Yu-Lan , Tang Tso-Hao , Ng Ming-Chong , Amstislavskaya Tamara G. , Tikhonova Maria A. , Yang Yi-Ling , Lu Kwok-Tung 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate the synaptic plasticity in projections from the dorsal lateral region (Dl) to the bilateral dorsal medial region (Dm) of the zebrafish telencephalon. The results showed that unilateral electrical stimulation of the Dl evokes a negative field potential (FP) in both the contralateral and ipsilateral side of the Dm. We tested synaptic plasticity, including high-frequency stimulation-induced LTP (HFS-LTP) and low-frequency stimulation-induced LTD (LFS-LTD). We demonstrated that HFS-induced bilateral LTP is NMDAR-dependent by the application of an NMDAR antagonist, DL-AP5 (30 μM, suprafused for 10 min), which blocked the HFS-induced LTP in both the contralateral and ipsilateral Dm. In addition, LTP was restored after DL-AP5 was washed out by continuous aCSF suprafusion. These results suggested that the potentiation is NMDAR-dependent. Either LFS (1 Hz for 20 min) or applying the mGluR agonist, DHPG (40 μM, suprafused for 10 min) successfully induced bilateral LTD for at least 1 h. Furthermore, both the contralateral fEPSP and LTP vanished after ablation of the anterior commissure. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that the projection between the Dl and contralateral Dm in the telencephalon of zebrafish is via the anterior commissure and possesses synaptic plasticity.
The influence of attention and reward on the learning of stimulus-response associations
Authors: Vartak Devavrat , Jeurissen Danique , Self Matthew W. , Roelfsema Pieter R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe can learn new tasks by listening to a teacher, but we can also learn by trial-and-error. Here, we investigate the factors that determine how participants learn new stimulus-response mappings by trial-and-error. Does learning in human observers comply with reinforcement learning theories, which describe how subjects learn from rewards and punishments? If yes, what is the influence of selective attention in the learning process? We developed a novel redundant-relevant learning paradigm to examine the conjoint influence of attention and reward feedback. We found that subjects only learned stimulus-response mappings for attended shapes, even when unattended shapes were equally informative. Reward magnitude also influenced learning, an effect that was stronger for attended than for non-attended shapes and that carried over to a subsequent visual search task. Our results provide insights into how attention and reward jointly determine how we learn. They support the powerful learning rules that capitalize on the conjoint influence of these two factors on neuronal plasticity.