bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sutureless nerve repair with ECM bioscaffolds and laser‐activated chitosan adhesive
Authors: Turner Neill J. , Johnson Scott A. , Foster Leslie J. R. , Badylak Stephen F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe outcome of peripheral nerve repair following transection is influenced by a number of factors but almost all approaches require anastomosis of the nerve using technically demanding microsurgical procedures. However, the use of sutures presents a number of unavoidable challenges including additional nerve trauma, stimulation of an inflammatory response, and endoneural fibrosis. The objective of the present study was to determine the efficacy of a sutureless approach to nerve repair. A rat sciatic nerve transection model was used with a laser‐activated, chitosan‐based adhesive (SurgiLux), combined with different forms of extracellular matrix (ECM), known to promote Schwann cell proliferation and nerve growth both in peripheral nerve applications. Following a 5 mm transection of the sciatic nerve, nerve guide wraps were prepared using: (1) laser‐activated adhesive (SurgiLux) alone, (2) SurgiLux incorporating ECM (SurgiLux ECM), (3) ECM secured using SurgiLux, and (4) ECM secured using 8‐0 Prolene sutures. A no treatment groups was used as a negative control. Evaluation of tissue remodeling was conducted with histolomorphometric assessment of neuroma, integrity of repair, nerve immunolabeling, ratio of myelinated to non‐myelinated fibers, and amount of connective tissue. Quantitative and semi‐quantitative analysis of the repaired nerve transections at 6 and 12 weeks showed that that SurgiLux incorporating powdered ECM (SurgiLux ECM), SurgiLux alone and ECM alone all improved the healing response compared to no‐treatment controls, with less fibrotic tissue and more nerve staining. Histologic scoring showed that the SurgiLux ECM group showed the greatest increase in histologic score between the two time points tested. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1698–1711, 2018.
Effect of hydrocolloids on the physico‐chemical and rheological properties of reconstituted sweetened yoghurt powder
Authors: Seth Dibyakanta , Mishra Hari Niwas , Deka Sankar Chandra 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe consistency of sweetened yoghurt (misti dahi) is a desired characteristic which is attributed to the casein protein network formation during fermentation. Unfortunately, this property is lost in reconstituted sweetened yoghurt (RSY) due to the irreversible nature of protein denaturation during spray drying. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the consistency of RSY using different hydrocolloids.RESULTSThe effects addition of guar gum, pectin, κ‐carrageenan and gelatin (0.1%w/v each) on the physico‐chemical, microbial, rheological and sensory properties of RSY were investigated. RSY with 40% total solids demonstrated the rheological properties which are very similar to those of fresh sweetened yoghurt. RSY containing different hydrocolloids further increased the rheological properties. The dynamic rheological study revealed that the magnitude of storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), and loss tangent (tan δ) were significantly influenced by the addition of hydrocolloids and gelatin exhibited highest dynamic moduli in RSY. However, κ‐carrageenan added RSY was preferred sensorially as the rheological properties were very close to gelatin added RSY. Addition of hydrocolloids significantly increased the starter bacteria count and pH and reduced water expulsion rate (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONAddition of hydrocolloids can improve the rheological properties of reconstituted yoghurt. The study concluded that the addition of κ‐carrageenan showed better results in terms of rheological and sensory properties of RSY. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A population‐based analysis of verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Alonso Jose E. , Kuan Edward C. , Arshi Armin , St. John Maie A. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo describe the incidence and determinants of survival of patients with verrucous carcinoma (VC) of the oral cavity between the years of 1973 and 2012 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study using a national database.MethodsThe SEER registry was utilized to calculate survival trends for patients with VC of the oral cavity between 1973 and 2012. Patient data was then analyzed with respect to histopathology, age, sex, race, stage, grade, and treatment modalities (surgery and radiation therapy). Overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were calculated.ResultsA total of 1,481 cases of VC of the oral cavity were identified. The cohort was composed of 50.5% males. The mean age at diagnosis was 69.5 years. The oral tongue was the most common primary site (28.9%), followed by the alveolar ridge (21.4%) and buccal mucosa (19.0%). The vast majority of cases (79.1%) presented with stage I and stage II disease. Nodal disease was present in only 1.6% of cases. The median OS was 94.6 months. Eighty‐seven percent of cases underwent surgery, and 11.5% received both surgery and radiation therapy. Overall survival at 2, 5, and 10 years was 83%, 64%, and 42%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, advanced age (P < 0.001) and stage (P < 0.001) were associated with worse OS, whereas surgery improved OS (P = 0.047).ConclusionWe provide the first population‐based analysis of prognostic factors affecting survival outcomes in patients with oral cavity VC. Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity is associated with a generally favorable prognosis. Age, stage, nodal status, and surgical therapy are independent predictors of OS.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:393–397, 2018
Dietary antioxidants and risk of Parkinson's disease in two population‐based cohorts
Authors: Yang Fei , Wolk Alicja , Håkansson Niclas , Pedersen Nancy L. , Wirdefeldt Karin 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBackground: A neuroprotective effect of dietary antioxidants on Parkinson's disease (PD) risk has been suggested, but epidemiological evidence is limited.Objectives: To examine the associations between intake of dietary antioxidant vitamins and total antioxidant capacity and risk of PD.Methods: We prospectively assessed the relationships of dietary antioxidant vitamins C and E, ß‐carotene, and total antioxidant capacity with PD risk in two population‐based cohorts (38,937 women and 45,837 men).Results: During a mean 14.9‐year follow‐up period, 1,329 PD cases were identified. Dietary intake of ß‐carotene was associated with a lower risk of PD (hazard ratio: 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.78‐0.95; Ptrend < 0.01 for women and hazard ratio: 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.84‐0.99; Ptrend = 0.05 for men). An inverse association between dietary vitamin E and PD risk was found in women (hazard ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.79‐0.96; Ptrend = 0.02). Dietary intake of vitamin C was inversely associated with PD risk in women at borderline significance (hazard ratio: 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.83‐1.00; Ptrend = 0.04). There was no association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and PD risk in either women (hazard ratio: 0.93; 95% confidence interval: 0.84‐1.02; Ptrend = 0.35) or men (hazard ratio: 1.00; 95% confidence interval: 0.93‐1.07; Ptrend = 0.97).Conclusion: Intake of dietary vitamin E and ß‐carotene was associated with a lower risk of PD. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Analysis of total column ozone, water vapour and aerosol optical thickness over Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Sharma Som , Kumar Prashant , Vaishnav Rajesh , Shukla K. K. , Phanikumar D. V. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTA preliminary study was performed to investigate the quality of total column ozone (TCO), water vapour (WV) and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) available from satellite and reanalysis from atmospheric models along with in situ observations over Ahmedabad (23.03 ° N, 72.5 ° E, 55 m above mean sea level), India. Ground‐based measurements from a MICROTOPS II ozonometer as well as space‐based satellite retrieved products from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and an ozone monitoring instrument were analysed during December 2014 to March 2015. The European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA‐Interim) created TCO and WV were also used to assess the skill of global model reanalysis over the western part of India. An increasing trend was found in the TCO and WV parameters from the winter to summer period. Investigations showed that MODIS satellite retrieved and ERA‐Interim reanalysis WV are able to capture the trends compared with ground‐based hand‐held MICROTOPS II observations. Higher TCO was found in the MODIS data, whereas the ERA‐Interim and ozone monitoring instrument TCO matched well with ground‐based observations. Larger differences were found with the MODIS AOT in comparison to MICROTOPS II AOT observations. Further, analysis showed that ERA‐Interim has sufficient potential to be used for various meteorological applications over the western Indian region. Furthermore, the variations of TCO, WV and AOT were studied over the orographic region of Mount Abu (∼110 km aerial distance from Ahmedabad), located in the Aravali range of mountains. Ground‐based measurements at different altitudes (0.3, 1.1 and 1.67 km above mean sea level) revealed significant variations in WV and AOT. The WV varies 17.1% (30.3%) and the AOT varies 53.8% (57.5%) in 1.1 km (1.67 km), whereas no noteworthy variations are observed in the TCO in this field campaign.
Comparisons in fluctuation of muscle strength and function in patients with immune‐mediated neuropathy treated with intravenous versus subcutaneous immunoglobulin
Authors: Christiansen Ingelise , Markvardsen Lars H. , Jakobsen Johannes 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionVariations in muscle strength and function have not been studied in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy whose treatment regimen has been changed from intravenous to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (IVIg to SCIg).MethodsIn a prospective, open‐label study, patients were changed from monthly IVIg to weekly SCIg. The primary endpoint was variation in isokinetic muscle strength (cIKS). Secondary endpoints were variations in Medical Research Council (MRC) score, grip strength (GS), 9‐hole‐peg test (9‐HPT), and 40‐meter‐walk test (40‐MWT).ResultsThe coefficient of variance of cIKS during the IVIg and SCIg treatment periods was unchanged (mean ± SD: 6.97 ± 4.83% vs. 5.50 ± 3.13%, P = 0.21). The variations in the 9‐HPT and 40‐MWT were significantly lower in the SCIg group (P = 0.01 and P = 0.005, respectively).DiscussionWhen therapy was changed from IVIg to SCIg, fluctuation of muscle strength was unchanged, but performance fluctuations were diminished. Muscle Nerve 57: 610–614, 2018
An optical method for carbon dioxide isotopes and mole fractions in small gas samples: Tracing microbial respiration from soil, litter, and lignin
Authors: Hall Steven J. , Huang Wenjuan , Hammel Kenneth E. 
Published: August 2017

RationaleCarbon dioxide isotope (δ13C value) measurements enable quantification of the sources of soil microbial respiration, thus informing ecosystem C dynamics. Tunable diode lasers (TDLs) can precisely measure CO2 isotopes at low cost and high throughput, but are seldom used for small samples (≤5 mL). We developed a TDL method for CO2 mole fraction ([CO2]) and δ13C analysis of soil microcosms.MethodsPeaks in infrared absorbance following constant volume sample injection to a carrier were used to independently measure [12CO2] and [13CO2] for subsequent calculation of δ13C values. Using parallel soil incubations receiving differing C substrates, we partitioned respiration from three sources using mixing models: native soil organic matter (SOM), added litter, and synthetic lignin containing a 13C label at Cβ of the propyl side chain.ResultsOnce‐daily TDL calibration enabled accurate quantification of δ13C values and [CO2] compared with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), with long‐term external precision of 0.17 and 0.31‰ for 5 and 1 mL samples, respectively, and linear response between 400 and 5000 μmol mol−1 CO2. Production of CO2 from native soil C, added litter, and lignin Cβ varied over four orders of magnitude. Multiple‐pool first‐order decay models fitted to data (R2 > 0.98) indicated substantially slower turnover for lignin Cβ (17 years) than for the dominant pool of litter (1.3 years) and primed soil C (3.9 years).ConclusionsOur TDL method provides a flexible, precise, and high‐throughput (60 samples h−1) alternative to IRMS for small samples. This enables the use of C isotopes in increasingly sophisticated experiments to test biogeochemical controversies, such as the fate of lignins in soil.
Risk Factors for Unresectable Recurrence After Up‐Front Surgery for Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Authors: Hokuto Daisuke , Nomi Takeo , Yasuda Satoshi , Yoshikawa Takahiro , Ishioka Kohei , Yamada Takatsugu , Akahori Takahiro , Nakagawa Kenji , Nagai Minako , Nakamura Kota , Obara Shinsaku , Kanehiro Hiromichi , Sho Masayuki 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is no clear evidence that preoperative chemotherapy for resectable colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is superior to up‐front surgery (UFS). The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with poor prognosis after UFS for CRLM.MethodsData about consecutive patients with CRLM who underwent liver resection at Nara Medical University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2015 were retrieved from a prospective database. Recurrence that developed within 2 years after liver resection and could not be surgically resected was defined as unresectable recurrence (UR). Preoperative risk factors associated with UR after UFS were analyzed. Among the patients with the identified risk factors, the patients who were treated with UFS were compared with those who received preoperative chemotherapy via propensity score‐matching analysis.ResultsThere were 167 patients treated with UFS, and 71 of them developed UR (the UR group). The overall survival (OS) rate of the UR group was significantly worse than that of the non‐UR group (5‐year survival rate: 3.8 vs. 66.8%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified a primary colorectal cancer N factor of N2–3 as a risk factor for UR (hazard ratio 2.72, p = 0.004). Propensity score‐matching analysis demonstrated that among patients with N2–3 primary colorectal cancer the post‐initial treatment OS of the patients treated with UFS was significantly worse than that of the patients who received preoperative chemotherapy (5‐year survival rate: 11.1 vs. 30.0%, p = 0.046).ConclusionsPatients with CRLM with a primary colorectal cancer N factor of N2–3 should be considered for preoperative chemotherapy.
Implications of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Etiology on Recurrence and Prognosis after Curative‐Intent Resection: a Multi‐Institutional Study
Authors: Zhang Xu‐Feng , Chakedis Jeffery , Bagante Fabio , Beal Eliza W. , Lv Yi , Weiss Matthew , Popescu Irinel , Marques Hugo P. , Aldrighetti Luca , Maithel Shishir K. , Pulitano Carlo , Bauer Todd W. , Shen Feng , Poultsides George A. , Soubrane Oliver , Martel Guillaume , Groot Koerkamp B. , Guglielmi Alfredo , Itaru Endo , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to investigate the prognosis of patients following curative‐intent surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) stratified by hepatitis B (HBV‐ICC), hepatolithiasis (Stone‐ICC), and no identifiable cause (conventional ICC) etiologic subtype.Methods986 patients with HBV‐ICC (n = 201), stone‐ICC (n = 103), and conventional ICC (n = 682) who underwent curative‐intent resection were identified from a multi‐institutional database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to mitigate residual bias.ResultsHBV‐ICC patients more often had cirrhosis, earlier stage tumors, a mass‐forming lesion, well‐to‐moderate tumor differentiation, and an R0 resection versus stone‐ICC or conventional ICC patients. Five‐year recurrence‐free survival among HBV‐ICC and conventional ICC patients was 23.9 and 17.8%, respectively, versus a recurrence‐free of only 8.3% among patients with stone‐ICC. Similarly, 5‐year overall survival among patients with stone‐ICC was only 18.3% compared with 48.9 and 38.0% for patients with HBV‐ICC and conventional ICC, respectively. On PSM, patients with stone‐ICC group had equivalent long‐term outcomes as HBV‐ICC patients. In contrast, on PSM, stone‐ICC patients had a median overall survival of only 18.0 months versus 44.0 months for patients with conventional ICC. Median overall survival after intrahepatic‐only recurrence among patients who had stone‐ICC (6.0 months) was worse than OS among HBV‐ICC (13.0 months) or conventional ICC (12.0 months) (p = 0.006 and p = 0.082, respectively).ConclusionsWhile HBV‐ICC had a better prognosis on unadjusted analyses, these differences were mitigated on PSM suggesting no stage‐for‐stage differences in outcomes compared with stone‐ICC or conventional ICC. In contrast, patients with stone‐ICC had worse long‐term outcomes. These data highlight the relative importance of ICC etiology relative to established clinicopathological factors in the prognosis of patients with ICC.
Verification of the Annual Dating of the 10th Century Baitoushan Volcano Eruption Based on an AD 774–775 Radiocarbon Spike
Authors: Hakozaki Masataka , Miyake Fusa , Nakamura Toshio , Kimura Katsuhiko , Masuda Kimiaki , Okuno Mitsuru 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe so-called Millennium Eruption of Baitoushan Volcano is one of the largest of the Common Era but its date has been uncertain. Recently, Oppenheimer et al. (2017) reported the eruptive year as late AD 946 using a new method called carbon-14 spike matching. However, it is necessary to verify their result to confirm the eruptive year, since only one wood sample was used in their study. We verified the eruptive year by measuring 14C contents in tree rings from another wood sample buried during the Baitoushan eruption. We succeeded in reproducing the AD 774–775 14C spike (Miyake et al. 2012), and counted the number of rings from the outermost ring accompanied by bark to the ring possessing the AD 774–775 14C spike. We found the outermost ring was formed in AD 946. Our study supported the result of Oppenheimer et al. (2017), which makes the eruptive year conclusive. Also, we suggest that the 14C spike-matching method can be a prominent dating tool applicable to ancient woods that are difficult to date using the usual dendrochronology techniques.
God knows: acquaintance and the nature of divine knowledge
Authors: DICKINSON TRAVIS M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTheists typically believe that Godknowsall truths. However, accounts of divine omniscience almost always focus on thescopeof God's knowledge or perhaps on whether certain kinds of facts are there to be known by God, such as counterfactuals of creaturely freedom or future contingent facts. Very rarely do these accounts include for analysis thenatureof God's knowledge. In this article, I develop an acquaintance theory of God's knowledge where acquaintance with an epistemic relation that guarantees that the truth of God's beliefs is necessary for knowledge. I argue that this view achieves an ideal way of knowing, worthy of the divine being.
Unconstitutional Change of Government: A New Crime within the Jurisdiction of the African Criminal Court
Authors: VAN DER WILT HARMEN 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOne of the most interesting and controversial crimes that belong to the subject matter jurisdiction of the newly to be established African Criminal Chamber is undoubtedly the crime of unconstitutional change of government. This article explores the question why this offence is upgraded to the regional level of criminal law enforcement. After all, any criminalization of the conduct at a regional level and the concomitant inclusion of the offence in the jurisdiction of regional courts raises questions about the right of foreign intervention in internal political affairs and the curtailment of the right to rebel. The crime of unconstitutional change of government is tested against these principles and it is concluded that they do not impede criminalization, nor the elevation of the crime to a regional level. In search of a positive argument in defence of the inclusion of the crime within the jurisdiction of the African Court, I contend that the best explanation is that insurgencies are not contained to single states but are inclined to spread to other countries. In view of the specific African experience, where endemic conflicts have proved to be contagious, it is clear that states have a common interest in suppressing both the dynamic and static form of unconstitutional change of government.
Physical–biological interactions influencing large toothfish over the Ross Sea shelf
Authors: Ashford Julian , Dinniman Michael , Brooks Cassandra 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe add comments to a recent series of publications in peer-reviewed journals concerning the distribution of large Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) found over the inner shelf of the Ross Sea. We note that earlier fish ecologists advanced innovative hypotheses invoking physical–biological interactions with life history, and that these, far from being disproved, have been relegated by more immediately pressing management concerns. We argue that, despite the considerable advances achieved by research groups working onD. mawsoni, an understanding of distribution and abundance is incomplete without reference to the physical structure that supports their life history. We briefly consider hypotheses highlighted by the recent literature in the context of major features of the shelf circulation in the Ross Sea, in particular intrusions of modified Circumpolar Deep Water along trough systems. We suggest physical–biological interactions that may be involved and call for improvements in the monitoring programme that can help test between the competing hypotheses.
Availability of dopamine transporters and auditory P300 abnormalities in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: preliminary results
Authors: Chu Ching-Lin , Lee I Hui , Chi Mei Hung , Chen Kao Chin , Chen Po See , Yao Wei Jen , Chiu Nan Tsing , Yang Yen Kuang 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivePrevious studies have indicated that there is dopamine transporter (DAT) dysregulation and P300 abnormality in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the correlations among the three have not been fully explored.MethodsA total of 11 adults (9 males and 2 females) with ADHD and 11 age-, sex-, and education-level-matched controls were recruited. We explored differences in DAT availability using single-photon emission computed tomography and P300 wave of event-related potentials between the two groups. The correlation between DAT availability and P300 performance was also examined.ResultsDAT availability in the basal ganglia, caudate nucleus, and putamen was significantly lower in the ADHD group. Adults with ADHD had lower auditory P300 amplitudes at the Pz and Cz sites, as well as longer Fz latency than controls. DAT availability was negatively correlated to P300 latency at Pz and Fz.ConclusionsAdults with ADHD had both abnormal DAT availability and P300 amplitude, suggesting that ADHD is linked to dysfunction of the central dopaminergic system and poor cognitive processes related to response selection and execution.