bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term safety and tolerability profile of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in human subjects: a systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Kwaśny Aleksander , Wilkowska Alina , Cubała Wiesław Jerzy 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionPsychedelic agents have regained the attention of pharmaceutical companies as promising treatments for depressive episodes. 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), an atypical psychedelic, is emerging as a potentially effective, novel rapid-acting antidepressant. In this systematic review, we analyze the safety and tolerability evidence from clinical trials.MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EMBASE, and EBSCO) were searched from inception until 15 May 2024 to identify clinical trials (regardless of phase) reporting on short-term safety and tolerability profile of 5-MeO-DMT using the following keywords in various combinations: 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine, 5-MeO-DMT, safety, adverse, adverse reaction, side effects, tolerability, dropout, healthy volunteer, healthy participant, depression, major depressive disorder. Only studies written in English were considered.ResultsInitial search yielded 100 records, out of which 3 met the inclusion criteria. These studies reported on the results from clinical trial phases I and I/II, with a total of 78 participants included; two studies involved healthy volunteers, and one included patients with treatment-resistant depression. Although the data is limited, it confirms a good short-term safety and tolerability profile for 5-MeO-DMT, with no serious adverse events (SAEs) reported. Furthermore, no drop-outs were reported.Conclusion5-MeO-DMT administration in human subjects presents favorable short-term safety and tolerability profile. Importantly, no SAEs have been documented, and no adverse events led to participant withdrawal from the studies There is a need for future randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with larger samples and follow-up to assess potential chronic adverse events.
The effect of air pollutants on COPD-hospitalized patients in Lanzhou, China (2015–2019)
Authors: Jin Limei , Fang Shuya , Nan Yaxing , Hu Jihong , Jin Hua 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundLanzhou is the largest heavy industrial city in northwest China and it is a typical geographical valley-like city. However, there are few studies on the relationship between air pollutants and COPD, and their respective sample sizes are small, resulting in inconsistent results. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of air pollutants on COPD hospitalizations in Lanzhou, China.MethodsAn ecological time series study with distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used for analysis. Daily COPD hospitalization data in Lanzhou from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019 were collected from 25 hospitals, as well as air pollutant data and meteorological data.ResultsA total of 18,275 COPD hospitalizations were enrolled. For 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and 1 mg/m3 increase in CO at lag 07 day, the RR95%CI of COPD hospitalizations were 1.048 (1.030, 1.067), 1.008 (1.004, 1.013), 1.091 (1.048, 1.135), 1.043 (1.018, 1.068), and 1.160 (1.084, 1.242), respectively. The exposure–response curves between air pollutants (except O3-8h) and COPD hospitalizations were approximately linear with no thresholds. Female, and the harmful effect of PM on aged &lt;65 years, the effect of gaseous pollutant on those aged ≥65 years, were stronger, particularly in the cold season. Exposure to air pollutants (except O3-8h) might increase the risk of COPD hospitalizations. O3-8h has a weak and unstable effect on COPD.ConclusionExposure to air pollutants (except O3-8h) increases the risk of COPD hospitalizations. O3-8h has a weak and unstable effect on COPD hospital admissions. The harmful effect of gaseous pollutants (except O3-8h) on COPD-hospitalized patients was stronger than that of PM.
Improving physical and mental health in women with breast cancer undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy through wearable device-based aerobic exercise: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Hongmei , Sang Die , Gong Lijing , Wang Boliang , Wang Yong , Jia Xiao , Yu Jingjing , Kong Zhenxing , Liu Haiyun , Zhang Yimin 
Published: September 2024

PurposeAimed to assess the impact of wearable device-based aerobic exercise on the physical and mental well-being of women with breast cancer (BC) undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsForty adult women with BC who underwent anthracycline-based chemotherapy were randomly allocated to the exercise group (n = 21) or the control group (n = 19). Both groups received standard health education and oncology care. In addition, the exercise group wore wearable devices to engage in moderate to high-intensity (50–90% HRmax) aerobic exercise during chemotherapy, while the control group did not carry out exercise intervention. Health-related physical fitness level, physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), anxiety and depression scores, sleep quality, cancer-related fatigue, and overall quality of life (QoL), were assessed both before (prior to the first chemotherapy session) and after (prior to the fifth chemotherapy session) the exercise intervention. Exercise-related adverse events, exercise compliance, number and severity of gastrointestinal reactions and myelosuppression occurred were recorded during the exercise intervention.ResultsAfter the intervention, compared to the control group, the exercise group (1) had significantly higher relative VO2peak (p = 0.003) and handgrip strength (p &lt; 0.001); (2) had significantly higher PAEE (p &lt; 0.001); (3) had a significantly lower scores in anxiety (p = 0.007), depression (p = 0.028), sleep quality in domains of subjective sleep quality (p = 0.010), sleep disturbances (p = 0.004), daytime dysfunction (p = 0.007), cancer-related fatigue in domains of physical (p &lt; 0.001) and affective (p &lt; 0.001); and (4) had a significantly lower scores in QoL in domains of physical well-being (p &lt; 0.001) and emotional well-being (p = 0.019), while a significantly higher scores in functional well-being (p &lt; 0.001). Patients in the exercise group experienced less severe gastrointestinal reactions (p = 0.028) and myelosuppressive symptoms (p &lt; 0.001) than that in the control group. Patients in the exercise group had no serious exercise-related adverse events, with a mean exercise adherence of 81.8%.ConclusionWearable device-based aerobic exercise during chemotherapy can be an effective adjunctive therapy to improve physical and mental health in BC patients.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=200247, Identifier: ChiCTR2300073667.
Clinician and patient experiences with shared decision-making to promote daily arm use for individuals with chronic stroke: an exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Gahlot Amanda , Richardson Grace , Librea Patricia , Kim Grace J. 
Published: September 2024

PurposeTo explore the attitudes and experiences of clinicians and individuals with chronic stroke on the use of shared decision-making (SDM) during upper extremity rehabilitation to improve daily arm use in the home environment. Specifically, we aimed to describe clinician and client perspectives regarding the facilitators and barriers to using SDM within the context of a self-directed upper extremity intervention for individuals living in the community with chronic stroke.MethodsData were collected within the context of an interventional study examining the feasibility of the Use My Arm-Remote intervention. Focus group interviews were conducted with the clinicians (n = 3) providing the intervention and individual semi-structured interviews with the participants (n = 15) of the study. All interview data were collected after the end of the intervention period. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe following themes were identified: (1) Equal partnership; (2) Enhancing clinician confidence; and (3) This is different. Facilitators and barriers were identified within each theme. Key facilitators for clinicians were competence with SDM and patient characteristics; while facilitators for patients were open and trusting relationships with clinicians and personalized experience. Key barriers to SDM for clinicians were lack of expertise in SDM and participant buy in; while patients identified a lack of foundational knowledge of stroke rehabilitation as a potential barrier.ConclusionsKey barriers were analyzed using the consolidated framework for advancing implementation science to interpret results and identify strategies for enhancing the implementation of SDM in a virtual setting. The CFIR-ERIC tool highlighted the need for targeted educational meetings and materials to address the training and educational needs of both clinicians and patients for future iterations of this intervention.
Enhancing patient-provider encounters when proposing SDF therapy by utilizing a qualitative analysis of parental feedback
Authors: Crystal Yasmi O. , Jang Jenny Hiyeji , Raveis Victoria H. 
Published: September 2024

PurposeSilver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is a minimally invasive option for caries arrest, part of a paradigm shift in the management of pediatric dental caries. The perspective of parents regarding the long-term pros and cons of this therapy should be understood in order to achieve optimal patient-centered care.MethodsThis study used Constant comparative analysis as an analytic approach, applying the Precaution-Adoption Process Model (PAPM) as the Grounded Theory framework in the qualitative analysis of 30 parental unformatted, spontaneous comments collected at the end of a questionnaire to evaluate their satisfaction with treatment provided at a University Clinic.ResultsOur analysis provided important insights about the factors that influenced the parents’ decision to act and have their child receive SDF therapy, their perception of the outcomes, the necessary follow-ups after the therapy, and what impacted on their overall satisfaction with the completed procedure. Both positive and negative themes were identified. The positive themes point to SDF treatment's ease of application and addressing the immediate treatment needs on children with limited cooperation. The negative themes identified the adverse consequences of SDF treatment, specifically, the duration and appearance of the cosmetic consequences, as well as the parents’ misunderstandings and incorrect expectations of the long-term sustainability of the treatment, which in many instances requires further interventions. It was also evident from the parents’ comments that they needed additional educational guidance on other aspects of the treatment, such as the necessity for clinical follow-ups, information that impacted parents’ overall satisfaction with the treatment their child received.ConclusionOur results highlight the need to discuss the short and long term benefits of the treatment, as well as, its short and long-term limitations. Specifically, while it is important to discuss immediate outcomes and consequences, such as the ease of treatment and the resultant staining, to ensure that parental consent for the treatment is truly well-informed, it is also important to prepare parents, when this procedure is initially proposed, of the likely need for additional oral care interventions in the future.
Case Report: Adrenal schwannoma associated with ganglioneuroma
Authors: He Dong-Lin , Feng Run-lin , Chai Jia-gui , Guo Xin , Ke Chang-xing 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundAn adrenal collision tumor (ACT) denotes the presence of distinct tumors with diverse behavioral, genetic, and histological features independently co-existing within the adrenal tissue without intermingling, and occurrences of such cases are infrequent. The concurrent occurrence of adrenal schwannoma and adrenal ganglioneuroma is exceedingly rare, and the diagnosis of these ACTs has been notably challenging due to their atypical clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics.Case summaryA 37-year-old man presented to the hospital 3 weeks after a computed tomography (CT) examination that revealed a left adrenal mass. Physical examination findings were unremarkable. Both CT and magnetic resonance imaging scans indicated the presence of a left adrenal mass. Plasma cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system tests yielded normal results. Preoperative imaging confirmed the diagnosis of left adrenal pheochromocytoma. After thorough surgical preparation, a laparoscopic partial left adrenalectomy was performed. Subsequent postoperative pathological analysis identified adrenal schwannoma in conjunction with adrenal ganglioneuroma. The patient recovered well and was discharged on postoperative day 4. A routine urology clinic visit was included in his postoperative care plan. During follow-up assessments, CT scans of the left adrenal gland revealed no abnormalities.ConclusionAdrenal schwannoma combined with ganglioneuroma represents an exceptionally rare collision tumor characterized by the absence of typical clinical or imaging features, leading to potential misdiagnosis. Adrenal incidentalomas present as multifaceted conditions, and this case serves to heighten awareness of their intricate nature. Due to the challenges in preoperative differentiation of various adrenal mass types, postoperative pathological analysis is imperative for guiding the subsequent treatment course for the patient.
Effect of Morchella esculenta polysaccharides on the rectal microbiota of mice challenged with lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Zhang Yingjun , Qiu Reng , Zhang Zhifeng , Almutairi Mikhlid H. , Nawaz Shah , Dong Shiqi 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionIntestinal dysfunction poses a severe problem by preventing the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The gut, being the most vital organ for these processes, plays a crucial role in ensuring our body receives the nutrients it needs. We explored the mitigating effect of Morchella esculenta polysaccharides (MEP) on intestinal injury induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) through the modulation of intestinal flora.MethodsFor this purpose, Kunming mice (KM) were divided into three groups, namely, PC, PM, and PY. Group PY was treated with MEP, while groups PM and PY were induced with LPS.ResultsThe results showed that weight loss in the PM group was significantly greater than that in the PY group (P &lt; 0.05), and the organ indexes of the lung and spleen in the PM group were significantly higher than those in the PC (P &lt; 0.01) and PY (P &lt; 0.05) groups. LPS caused severe injuries in KM mice in the PM group, characterized by broken villi. However, MEP treatment could alleviate this damage in the PY group, resulting in relatively intact villi. The serum analysis showed that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-ɑ) (P &lt; 0.01), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (P &lt; 0.01), and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) (P &lt; 0.05) levels were significantly higher in the PM group, while IL-10 (P &lt; 0.001), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P &lt; 0.01) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (P &lt; 0.01) were significantly lower in that group. Interestingly, supplementation with MEP could lower the levels of TNF-ɑ, IL-10, IL-6, MDA while increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P &lt; 0.01) and GSH-Px. The gut microbiota analysis yielded 630,323 raw reads and 554,062 clean reads, identifying 3,390 amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs). One phylum and five genera were notably different among animal groups, including Escherichia_Shigella, Limosilactobacillus, unclassified_Geminicoccaceae, unclassified_Rhodobacteraceae, and Parabacteroides (P. distasonis).DiscussionIn conclusion, we found that MEP could mitigate the intestinal damage caused by LPS by modulating the inflammatory response, oxidative resistance, and intestinal flora of KM mice. Our results may provide insights into novel treatment options for intestine-related diseases.
Development and Validation of the MAST ISOPLEX® VTEC Kit for Simultaneous Detection of Shiga Toxin/Verotoxin 1 and 2 (stx1/vt1 and stx2/vt2) with Inhibition Control (IC) in a Rapid Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Multiplex Assay
Authors: Suwara Monika Iwona , Bennett Matthew , Voto Ilaria Anna Pia , Brownlie Christopher Allan , Gillies Elizabeth Ann 
Published: September 2024

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a cost-effective, rapid, and highly specific method of replicating nucleic acids. Adding multiple targets into a single LAMP assay to create a multiplex format is highly desirable for clinical applications but has been challenging due to a need to develop specific detection techniques and strict primer design criteria. This study describes the evaluation of a rapid triplex LAMP assay, MAST ISOPLEX® VTEC, for the simultaneous detection of Shiga toxin/verotoxin 1 and 2 (stx1/vt1 and stx2/vt2) genes in verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) (VTEC) isolates with inhibition control (IC) synthetic DNA using a single fluorophore–oligonucleotide probe, MAST ISOPLEX® Probes, integrated into the primer set of each target. MAST ISOPLEX® Probes used in the MAST ISOPLEX® VTEC kit produce fluorescent signals as they integrate with reaction products specific to each target, allowing tracking of multiple amplifications in real time using a real-time analyzer. Initial validation on DNA extracts from fecal cultures and synthetic DNA sequences (gBlocks) showed that the MAST ISOPLEX® VTEC kit provides a method for sensitive simultaneous triplex detection in a single assay with a limit of detection (LOD) of less than 100 target copies/assay and 96% and 100% sensitivity and specificity, respectively.
Effect of Proton Irradiation on Thin-Film YBa2Cu3O7−δ Superconductor
Authors: Fogt Joseph , Weeda Hope , Harrison Trevor , Miles Nolan , Cho Kyuil 
Published: September 2024

We investigated the effect of 0.6 MeV proton irradiation on the superconducting and normal-state properties of thin-film YBa2Cu3O7−δ superconductors. A thin-film YBCO superconductor (≈567 nm thick) was subject to a series of proton irradiations with a total fluence of 7.6×1016 p/cm2. Upon irradiation, Tc was drastically decreased from 89.3 K towards zero with a corresponding increase in the normal-state resistivity above Tc. This increase in resistivity, which indicates an increase in defects inside the thin-film sample, can be converted to the dimensionless scattering rate. We found that the relation between Tc and the dimensionless scattering rate obtained during proton irradiation approximates the generalized d-wave Abrikosov–Gor’kov theory better than the previous results obtained from electron irradiations. This is an unexpected result, since the electron irradiation is known to be most effective to suppress superconductivity over other heavier ion irradiations such as proton irradiation. In comparison with the previous irradiation studies, we found that the result can be explained by two facts. First, the dominant defects created by 0.6 MeV protons can be point-like when the implantation depth is much longer than the sample thickness. Second, the presence of defects on all element sites is important to effectively suppress Tc.
مصطلح (الخلف)في كتاب سيبويه.
Authors: المتولي محمود المتولي حجاز  
Published: September 2024

مفاتيح العلوم مصطلحاتها، ومصطلحات العلوم غايتها وثمارها القصوى، وهي مَجْمع المفاهيم، والحقائق المعرفية، وعنوان التمَيُّز بين الأمم، ولذا فإن دراسة المصطلح تمثل أهمية خاصة بين المعارف، ويهدف هذا البحث «مصطلح (الخُلْف) في كتاب سيبويه_» إلى الكشف عن المفهوم الحقيقي للخُلْف في الكتاب، وبيان أنه أصل مُعْتَبَر عند سيبويه، على الرغم من ندرة هذا المصطلح في كتابه، فإنّ مفهومه مِن أكثر المفاهيم شيوعاً في الكتاب، ويقع هذا البحث في مقدمة، ثم مِهاد، وستة مباحث، وخاتمة، وهي:
1 -	(الخُلْف) لغة واصطلاحاً.
2 -	مصطلح (الخُلْف) بين الاستعمال والإهمال.
3 -	ثنائية (اللفظ والمعنى) في النحو العربي.
4 -	طبيعة اللغة عند سيبويه.
5 -	مُقوِّمات مفهوم مصطلح (الخُلْف) في كتاب سيبويه.
6 -	المصطلحات الدالة على مفهوم مصطلح (الخُلْف) في كتاب سيبويه.
وتوصل البحث في الخاتمة إلى مجموعة من النتائج منها:
_	الغاية الأسمى من الدرس المصطلحي هي المفاهيم التي تميزه عن الدرس المعجمي للكلمات.
_	جمع سيبويه بين النظام اللساني للغة والواقع الخارجي الملابس لعناصر الخطاب في نظام مُحكَم.
_	الحال (المقام) تجديد أدركه سيبويه، ودعا إلى التزامه وتفعيله في تحليل التراكيب العربية، وحَمَل على مَن أنكره مِن معاصريه.
_	الحال (المقام) يمثل الجانب الاجتماعي في اللغة، وهو جانب رئيس لا يمكن إهماله؛ لارتباط المعنى به ارتباطاً وثيقاً، وما الحال (المقام) إلا الرصيد الحضاري للقول، وهو الينبوع الذي يمده بالحيوية في كل زمان ومكان.
دور قادة الرأي في صناعة الرأي العام السعودي عبر استخدامات وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي دراسة مسحية
Authors: العوفي عبد اللطيف بن دبيان محمد 
Published: September 2024

أهداف الدراسة: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة دور قادة الرأي في صناعة الرأي العام السعودي عبر وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، وتأثير هذه الوسائل في أداء الحكومة وفي الرأي العام في السعودية. تبنت الدراسة نموذج انسياب المعلومات على مرحلتين Two-step flow of communications بما يتوافق وطبيعة وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي واختلافها الجذري عن وسائل الاتصال الجماهيري، وبالتالي اختلاف طبيعة ممارسة قادة الرأي لدورهم عبرها بعيداً عن الاتصال الشخصي؛ لذا فإن تأثير وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي يعد كبيراً وليس محدوداً كما هو الوضع في وسائل الاتصال الجماهيري. كما استعانت الدراسة أيضاً بنظرية دوامة الصمت Spiral of Silence لتفسير ظاهرة أغلبية الرأي العام في عصر وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي. المنهج المتبع: استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي المسحي وفق إجراءات منهجية تعتمد الاستبانة أداة رئيسة، وتم توزيعها عبر موقع google Drive بضوابط تضمن جودة العينة وتمثيلها.. وشارك في الاستبيان 2463 فرداً. النتائج: جاءت النتائج مؤكدة أن تويتر هو أكثر وسائل التواصل استخداماً بين السعوديين، كما أكد أفراد العينة أن أهم الموضوعات والقضايا متابعة هي: القضايا المحلية، والأخبار العامة، ثم معلومات وحقائق. أكد أفراد العينة أهمية تويتر وتأثيره في الرأي العام السعودي، كما أكدوا انتشار الشائعات عبر وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، ثم رأوا تأييد الحكومات في عمل رقابة على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، ثم اعتبار وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي متنفساً حقيقياً للشباب والفتيات في المملكة. وأكدت النتائج اقتناع المشاركين في الدراسة بتأثير قادة الرأي فيهم، وبدور هذه الوسائل في تعزيز أداء أجهزة الدولة، وتحسين الحياة للمواطن والمقيم، وتأثير هذه الوسائل في الرأي العام.. كما أكدت وجود علاقة واضحة بين تأييد أفراد العينة لرؤية المملكة 2030 واقتناعهم بأن مضامين وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي تؤيد هذه الرؤية
المفارقـة فـي النص
Authors: الحيقي صبري 
Published: September 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى فهم طبيعة مصطلح المفارقة ووظيفته؛ فهمًا يزيل غموضه ويوسع وظيفته. ويتحقق هذا الهدف من خلال دراسة أنواع المفارقات، وتعريفاتها، وإشكالاتها، وتطبيقاتها؛ من خلال الوصف والتحليل. ومن الإشكالات التي صاحبت هذا المصطلح منذ نشأته وهي: مشكلة الخلط بين المفارقة والتهكم. مشكلة تعدد أنواع المفارقة وتعريفاتها؛ مثل (المفارقة اللفظية) و(الرومانسية) و(الدرامية) و(القدرية)عدم الفصل بين استخدام المفارقة في النص الأدبي، وحدوثها في الحياة اليومية. قسم هذا البحث إلى ثلاثة فصول: الفصل الأول: يختص بطبيعة مصطلح المفارقة وإشكالاته؛ وفيه توصلت إلى مفهوم وتعريف واحد للمصطلح؛ (أن تفهم قولاً أو فعلاً أو شيئًا فهمًا بغير حقيقته، فتحدث مشكلة). الفصل الثاني: وظيفة المفارقة في النص الأدبي، وتستخدم فيه تقنية بناء، وجمالية، وتحدث في الحياة اليومية. الفصل الثالث: تطبيق المفارقة؛ وقد كان من خلال آيات من القرآن الحكيم، فيها أمثلة للمفارقات، خاصة في سورة (الكهف) وسورة (يوسف) تحذر الإنسان من الوقوع فيها، برؤية فتحت آفاقًا إضافية في فهم بعض آيات القرآن الحكيم.