bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotion Processing and Its Relationship to Social Functioning and Symptoms in Psychotic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Murrihy Sean , Filia Kate , Cotton Sue , Phillips Lisa , Youn Sarah , Jayasinghe Anuradhi , Wrobel Anna , Bastawy Eslam M , Allott Kelly , Watson Amity 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Emotion processing (EP) is impaired in individuals with psychosis and associated with social functioning; however, it is unclear how symptoms fit into this relationship. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine interrelationships between EP, symptoms, and social functioning, test whether different symptom domains mediate the relationship between EP and social functioning, and examine the moderating effects of illness stage and EP task type.

Study Design
MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies that included individuals with psychosis and reported correlations between EP, symptom domains (positive, negative, depressive, and disorganization), and social functioning. Random effects meta-analyses determined the strength of correlations, and subgroup analyses included illness stage and EP task type (lower- vs higher-level processing). Meta-analytic structural equation models tested whether symptom domains mediated the relationship between EP and social functioning.

Results
There was a small relationship (r = .18) between EP and social functioning. Positive, negative, and disorganization symptoms mediated this relationship, although indirect effects were small. Higher-level EP tasks were more strongly associated with negative symptoms than lower-level tasks. Relationships between EP and both social functioning and positive symptoms were smaller in the first episode of psychosis than in established illness.

Conclusions
The mediating relationship suggests that EP not only influences social dysfunction directly but contributes to negative and disorganization symptoms, which in turn impair social functioning. This pathway suggests that targeting negative and disorganization symptoms may ultimately improve social outcomes for individuals with psychosis. Future research, particularly in early psychosis, is needed to determine other factors impacting these interrelationships.
Dose-dependent effects of silver nanoparticles on cell death modes in mouse blastocysts induced via endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial apoptosis
Authors: Lee Cheng-Kai , Wang Fu-Ting , Huang Chien-Hsun , Chan Wen-Hsiung 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In view of the rapidly expanding medical and commercial applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), their potential health risks and environmental effects are a significant growing concern. Earlier research by our group uncovered the embryotoxic potential of AgNPs, showing detrimental impacts of these nanoparticles on both pre- and post-implantation embryonic development. In the current study, we showed that low (50–100 μM) and high (200–400 μM) dose ranges of AgNPs trigger distinct cell death programs affecting mouse embryo development and further explored the underlying mechanisms. Treatment with low concentrations of AgNPs (50–100 μM) triggered ROS generation, in turn, inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, and ultimately, harmful effects on embryo implantation, post-implantation development, and fetal development. Notably, high concentrations of AgNPs (200–400 μM) evoked more high-level ROS generation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated necrosis. Interestingly, pre-incubation with Trolox, a strong antioxidant, reduced ROS generation in the group treated with 200–400 μM AgNPs to the level induced by 50–100 μM AgNPs, resulting in switching of the cell death mode from necrosis to apoptosis and a significant improvement in the impairment of embryonic development. Our findings additionally indicate that activation of PAK2 is a crucial step in AgNP-triggered apoptosis and sequent detrimental effects on embryonic development. Based on the collective results, we propose that the levels of ROS generated by AgNP treatment of embryos serve as a critical regulator of cell death type, leading to differential degrees of damage to embryo implantation, post-implantation development and fetal development through triggering apoptosis, necrosis or other cell death signaling cascades.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals transcription factors implicated in radon-induced lung carcinogenesis
Authors: Liu Xing , Peng Yuting , Chen Ruobing , Zhou Yueyue , Zou Xihuan , Xia Mingzhu , Wu Xinyi , Yu Meng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Radon, a potent carcinogen, is a significant catalyst for lung cancer development. However, the molecular mechanisms triggering radon-induced lung cancer remain elusive.

Methods
Utilizing a radon exposure concentration of 20,000 Bq/m3 for 20 min/session, malignant transformation was induced in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B).

Results
Radon-exposed cells derived from passage 25 (BEAS-2B-Rn) exhibited enhanced proliferation and increased colony formation. Analysis of differential gene expression (DEG) through transcription factors revealed 663 up-regulated and 894 down-regulated genes in radon-exposed cells. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed significant alterations in the malignant transformation pathway of cells, including those related to cancer and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. A PPI network analysis indicated a significant association of oncogenes, such as CCND1, KIT, and GATA3, with lung cancer among differentially expressed genes. In addition, the stability of the housekeeping gene was determined through RT-qPCR analysis, which also confirmed the results of transcriptome analysis.

Conclusions
The results suggest that transcription factors may play a pivotal role in conferring a survival advantage to radon-exposed cells. This is achieved by malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells into lung carcinogenesis cell phenotypes.
Axon guidance genes are regulated by TDP‐43 and RGNEF through long‐intron removal
Authors: Abbassi Yasmine , Cappelli Sara , Spagnolo Eugenio , Gennari Alice , Visani Giulia , Barattucci Simone , Paron Francesca , Stuani Cristiana , Droppelmann Cristian A. , Strong Michael J. , Buratti Emanuele 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RGNEF) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) mainly involved in regulating the activity of Rho‐family GTPases. It is a bi‐functional protein, acting both as a guanine exchange factor and as an RNA‐binding protein. RGNEF is known to act as a destabilizing factor of neurofilament light chain RNA (NEFL) and it could potentially contribute to their sequestration in nuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. Most importantly, RGNEF inclusions in the spinal motor neurons of ALS patients have been shown to co‐localize with inclusions of TDP‐43, the major well‐known RNA‐binding protein aggregating in the brain and spinal cord of human patients. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that loss‐of‐function of both proteins following aggregation may contribute to motor neuron death/survival in ALS patients. To further characterize their relationship, we have compared the transcriptomic profiles of neuronal cells depleted of TDP‐43 and RGNEF and show that these two factors predominantly act in an antagonistic manner when regulating the expression of axon guidance genes. From a mechanistic point of view, our experiments show that the effect of these genes on the processivity of long introns can explain their mode of action. Taken together, our results show that loss‐of‐function of factors co‐aggregating with TDP‐43 can potentially affect the expression of commonly regulated neuronal genes in a very significant manner, potentially acting as disease modifiers. This finding further highlights that neurodegenerative processes at the RNA level are the result of combinatorial interactions between different RNA‐binding factors that can be co‐aggregated in neuronal cells. A deeper understanding of these complex scenarios may lead to a better understanding of pathogenic mechanisms occurring in patients, where more than one specific protein may be aggregating in their neurons.
A New Tool for Estimating the Number of Pregnant People in the United States
Authors: Strid Penelope , Simeone Regina M. , Hall Rebecca , Meeker Jessica R. , Ellington Sascha R. 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Knowing the approximate number of women of reproductive age (ie, 15–49 years) who are pregnant at a point in time in the United States can aid in emergency preparedness resource allocation. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a pregnancy estimator toolkit in 2012, which could be used to estimate the number of pregnant people in a geographic area at a point in time. This original toolkit did not account for pregnancy losses before 20 weeks of gestation; however, an updated toolkit released by the CDC in May 2024 uses a ratio of live births to estimate the number of pregnancy losses before 20 weeks at a point in time for improved estimation of total pregnant people at a point in time.

INSTRUMENT:
We used the CDC's updated reproductive health tool, “Estimating the Number of Pregnant Women in a Geographic Area.”

EXPERIENCE:
Using publicly available data for 2020, we gathered the necessary input values, including total births, fetal deaths, and induced abortions, and applied the equation available in the CDC toolkit to estimate the number of pregnant people in the United States at any point in time in 2020.

CONCLUSION:
In 2020, there were 75,582,028 women of reproductive age in the United States, and we estimate that approximately 2,962,052 or 3.9% of women of reproductive age were pregnant at any point in time in the United States
Effective preexposure prophylaxis in young women and girls, a key population for HIV prevention
Authors: Rousseau Elzette , Bennin Fiona , Bekker Linda-Gail 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Although there is substantial momentum to scale up preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention in adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) at risk of HIV acquisition, this key population has demonstrated difficulty in sustained PrEP use. Despite being a user-controlled and discreet prevention option, effective oral PrEP use requires a series of complex daily decisions in the life of the PrEP user. In this review, we describe how the number of decisions AGYW have to execute for effective and continued PrEP use may potentially be reduced by providing simplified, integrated, differentiated sexual and reproductive health services that include PrEP, and introducing a choice of PrEP products, including less frequently dosed, longer acting and/or multipurpose prevention technology (MPT) products.

Recent findings
PrEP uptake and effective use are enhanced when AGYW experience PrEP service delivery channels as convenient, integrated with their other sexual and reproductive health needs and matching their experiences (including limited autonomy) and lifestyle. Longer acting or less frequently dosed PrEP products or MPTs may reduce the cognitive burden associated with prevention decision-making and is, therefore, likely more suitable for the majority of AGYW who struggle with daily pill adherence.

Summary
In the scaling up of HIV prevention for AGYW, implementers are encouraged to consider both PrEP products and PrEP delivery outlet preferences. Understanding and responding to AGYW's different needs will allow for preferred PrEP delivery outlets and choice in PrEP products, leading to a greater likelihood of effective PrEP use in this key population.
Correction of the Manubriosternal Angle: The Missing Link in the Diagnosis and Management of Anterior Chest Wall “Pectus” Deformities
Authors: El Oakley Reida 
Published: October 2024

Summary:
A normal manubriosternal angle (MSA) varies between 157 and 161 degrees, and it is either increased (in pectus carinatum) or decreased (in pectus excavatum). Measurements of the MSA can accurately define the severity of both deformities and gauge the degree of response to therapeutic intervention(s). Correction of the MSA during repair of pectus deformity by complete upper transverse sternotomy seems necessary. We found no report of complete upper transverse sternotomy in repairing pectus deformities. Similarly, the MSA was never used in defining the severity of pectus deformity. We describe a novel technique in repairing anterior chest wall deformity (pectus carinatum, MSA = 172) in a young man. Under general anesthesia and complete aseptic precautions, through a midline presternal incision, bilateral pectoral flaps were mobilized, and complete transverse sternotomy at the level of the second intercostal space and bilateral intrapericondrium excision of the costal cartilages (3–7) were performed. The wound was closed in layers after insertion of two, 9-mm subpectoral Redivac drains. The patient had an uneventful recovery with satisfactory cosmetic appearance. Magnetic resonance imaging of the chest 4 months postoperatively showed reduction of the MSA by 8 degrees, which is 78% (8 of 11) progress toward reaching the upper limit of normal MSA values. In correcting pectus deformity, complete transaction of the sternum at the level of the second intercostal space enhances recovery and allows for normalization of the MSA. Using the MSA in assessing the severity and response to treatment of pectus deformity is recommended.
The Controversy over Price Transparency: Patients and Plastic Surgeons Disagree
Authors: Rai Parul , Pareek Priyasha , Vilas Caitlyn L. , Kaplan Jonathan L. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The No Surprises Act (NSA) went into effect on January 1, 2022. This federal law is designed to minimize surprise bills for emergency care, out of network (OON) care, and care for uninsured or self-pay individuals. To achieve these goals, the NSA relies heavily on physicians providing cost estimates to patients prior to administering care. Because healthcare is often price-opaque, this study was conducted to assess physician and patient attitudes toward price transparency in plastic surgery and aesthetic/self-pay medicine.

Methods:
Two cohorts of providers received a survey asking whether and how their practice offers pricing information prior to a consultation and their views regarding the NSA. Patients who had previously used an online price estimator tool also received a survey regarding their experience and accuracy of estimates received online.

Results:
Most surveyed providers do not share the costs of their services online, whereas patients had a positive experience when receiving estimates of medical services before consultation. Although many providers cited the inaccuracy of price estimator tools as a reason not to incorporate them into their website, most patients reported that their final cost of service was close to (or even less than) the estimate received online prior to the consultation.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that price transparency is a patient satisfier. Therefore, plastic surgeons should exercise price transparency to be compliant with federal law and to gain a competitive advantage in the market, as the decision to implement price transparency can be mutually beneficial to patients and providers.
Severe Clinical Outcomes Due to Human Adenoviral Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized Immunocompetent Adults
Authors: Legakis Luke P. , Nguyen Duc , Bandaranayake Thilinie D. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Human adenoviral infections typically result in upper respiratory tract infections, conjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis that is classically self-limiting but can be life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals. In relatively rare cases, adenovirus infections in immunocompetent patients can result in hospitalizations and severe outcomes that include need for critical care or death. The risk factors that are associated with severe adenoviral infections in immunocompetent hosts have not been thoroughly investigated and are currently poorly understood.

Methods
Retrospective cohort of 78 patients with ages ranging from 18–85 years who were admitted to Yale New Haven-affiliated hospitals over a period of 2 years with positive adenovirus tests on a nasopharyngeal respiratory viral panel. Immunocompromised patients were excluded from the study. Patient charts were reviewed to obtain demographic information, comorbid conditions, smoking history, and clinical outcomes.

Results
Of the 78 patients admitted, 15 (19.2%) were admitted as observation, 44 (56.4%) were admitted to the hospital for over 48 hours, 15 (19.2%) required critical care, and 4 (5.1%) expired during hospitalization. Pulmonary disease as a comorbidity in the form of asthma (33.3%) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12.8%), and smoking history (59.0%) were more common in those with severe adenoviral infections. With severe disease, 13 (16.7%) required mechanical ventilation, 10 (12.8%) required pressor support, and 2 (2.6%) required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Conclusions
This retrospective study characterizes severity of adenoviral infections in adult immunocompetent patients, highlights the lack of treatment available, and identifies potential risk factors for severe disease, including asthma, smoking, absence of fever, and presence of coinfection.
The Efficacy of High-Fidelity Telesimulation in Preparing Nursing Students for Emergency and Critical Patient Care: A Prospective Study
Authors: PENG Yi-Chi , WU Hua-Shan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
High-fidelity telesimulation can address the gap in nursing education caused by the pandemic by providing a simulated environment for students to practice skills that closely mimic real-life scenarios.

Purpose
This study was designed to determine the effect of a high-fidelity telesimulation teaching program on emergency and critical patient care-related knowledge, self-confidence, and critical thinking skills in nursing students.

Methods
This randomized, single-blind controlled study was conducted on a sample of 84 nursing students who were evaluated using pretest and posttest measurements. The participants were randomized into a control group (n = 43) and an experimental group (n = 41). The control group received an in-person traditional teaching program, and the experimental group was taught using a high-fidelity telesimulation program. During the high-fidelity telesimulation, synchronous online tutorial learning and telesimulation were conducted every 100 and 300 minutes. The experimental group program included a lecture, simulation teaching videos, and demonstrations related to endotracheal intubation, 12-lead electrocardiography, protective clothing, and hybrid telesimulation learning. In each subgroup, the students executed a single high-fidelity telesimulation scenario in which they were assigned individual roles. The students in the other subgroups served as observers and engaged in the synchronous online debriefing. Teaching efficacy was evaluated using an objective structured clinical examination and a questionnaire designed for emergency and critical patient care.

Results
In the experimental group, levels of knowledge and self-confidence as well as critical thinking skills related to emergency and critical patient care were significantly higher than in the control group (p < .05).

Conclusions
High-fidelity telesimulation teaching is a feasible and reliable alternative to conventional in-person simulation for nursing students, particularly in situations where traditional clinical experiences are not possible.
The human side of cancer care in Japan: barriers and challenges
Authors: Uchitomi Yosuke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Among the core concepts of psycho-oncology, “addressing the human aspects of cancer” is one of the most important. In particular, the enhancement of physicians' empathic communication is welcomed in Japan. In 2006, the enactment of the Cancer Control Act in Japan promoted psychosocial and palliative care to anyone. Thus, the designated cancer hospitals adopted a palliative care team, including a psycho-oncologist, as well as a communication skills training program practicing empathic communication. The Cancer Registry data have suggested regional disparities in suicides among patients with cancer in Japan, suggesting fragile regions of psycho-oncology. How can we deliver empathic communication to patients across the country, and how far will technological innovation, including AI, produce innovative support? Although constant efforts are needed to move closer to solutions, the human side of cancer must not be changed; however, clinical practice must continue to change over time.
Bacteriological profile of community peritonitis operated in a Moroccan Hospital
Authors: BAZHAR SAMIA , Benaissa Elmostafa , Ziad Fatima , Laamara Leila , Ben Lahlou Yassine , Chadli Mariama , Elouennass Mostafa 
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Peritonitis is characterized by acute inflammation of the peritoneum, often resulting from digestive organ perforation or intra-abdominal septic focus. It may be either of infectious or noninfectious origin. The germs involved are those of the digestive flora (Enterobacteriaceae and Anaerobic), while gram-positive cocci and yeasts can be isolated in nosocomial infections. Our study aims to isolate and identify the germs involved in community-acquired peritonitis, in order to assess their susceptibility to the antibiotics available in our Country.

Methods. This is a retrospective study of bacteriological profile of community peritonitis in Rabat Morocco. A total of 150 adult patients with peritonitis, were admitted and samples were collected intraoperatively for bacteriological examination between July 1, 2022 and April 30, 2023.

Results. Among the 150 patients, 101 (67.8%) were males and 48 (32.2%) were females, with sex/ratio of 2.1. The mean age of the patients was 40.5 years +/- 20.12. The distribution of germs was dominated by Escherichia coli (44%). Overall, 70% of Escherichia coli isolated, had a resistance to Ampicillin but no resistance to Ampicillin has been reported by Enterococcus.

Discussion. In the present study, we were interested in the bacteriological profile of community peritonitis, in order to adapt the antibiotic therapy to our bacterial ecology.
Our findings indicate a concerning trend of increasing resistance among Escherichia coli to the commonly used Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid combination in our clinical setting.

Conclusion. Consequently, there is a need to reassess the empiric antibiotic prescribed for the management of community-acquired peritonitis.