bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the T‐cell receptor beta chain repertoire in tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes
Authors: Nakanishi Katsumi , Kukita Yoji , Segawa Hidenobu , Inoue Norimitsu , Ohue Masayuki , Kato Kikuya 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are direct effectors of tumor immunity, and their characterization is important for further development of immunotherapy. Recent advances in high‐throughput sequencing technologies have enabled a comprehensive analysis of T‐cell receptor (TCR) complementarity‐determining region 3 (CDR3) sequences, which may provide information of therapeutic importance. We developed a high‐fidelity target sequencing method with the ability for absolute quantitation, and performed large‐scale sequencing of TCR beta chain (TCRB) CDR3 regions in TILs and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The estimated TCRB repertoire sizes of PBLs from four healthy individuals and TILs from four colorectal cancer tissue samples were 608,664–1,003,098 and 90,228–223,757, respectively. The usage of J‐ and V‐regions was similar in PBLs and TILs. Proportions of CDR3 amino acid (aa) sequences occupying more than 0.01% of the total molecular population were 0.33–0.43% in PBLs and 1.3–3.6% in TILs. Additional low coverage sequencing of 15 samples identified five CDR3 aa sequences that were shared by nine patients, one sequence shared by 10 patients, and one sequence shared by 12 patients. The estimated size of the TCRB repertoire in TILs was significantly smaller than that in PBLs. The proportion of abundant species (>0.01%) in TILs was larger than that in PBLs. Shared CDR3 aa sequences represent a response to common antigens, and the identification of such CDR3 sequences may be beneficial in developing clinical biomarkers.
Transcatheter valve implantation for right atrium‐to‐right ventricle conduit obstruction or regurgitation after modified Björk–fontan procedure
Authors: Shah Ashish H. , Horlick Eric M. , Eicken Andreas , Asnes Jeremy D. , Bocks Martin L. , Boudjemline Younes , Cabalka Allison K. , Fagan Thomas E. , Schubert Stephan , Mahadevan Vaikom S. , Dvir Danny , Osten Mark , McElhinney Doff B. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe most common reason for reintervention after a Björk modification of the Fontan procedure, in which the right ventricle (RV) is incorporated into the pulmonary circulation by connecting the right atrial (RA) appendage to the RV directly or with an extra‐anatomic graft, is obstruction or regurgitation of the RA–RV connection. Transcatheter implantation of a valved stent is an appealing option for the treatment of RA–RV conduit dysfunction in these patients. In the present study, we assessed early and intermediate results after transcatheter valve implantation within an obstructed or regurgitant RA–RV modified Fontan pathway.MethodsThrough a retrospective multicenter registry, we collected data from 16 patients with a modified Fontan circulation who were treated with percutaneous Melody or Sapien valve implantation for dysfunction of an extra‐anatomic RA–RV conduit or valve.ResultsAll patients had successful and uncomplicated implantation of a Melody (n = 15) or Sapien 3 (n = 1) valve with hemodynamic and, in most cases, clinical improvement. During a median follow‐up of 3.3 years, 3 patients died of cardiovascular causes unrelated to the procedure or the valve, and no major valve dysfunction was observed.ConclusionPercutaneous transcatheter valve deployment to treat a dysfunctional RA–RV connection after a Björk modification of the Fontan procedure is a viable alternative to surgery, with low procedural risk, and appears to offer good early and intermediate results.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalyst‐Controlled Selectivity in the Synthesis of C2‐ and C3‐Sulfonate Esters from Quinoline N‐Oxides and Aryl Sulfonyl Chlorides
Authors: Ying Beibei , Xu Jun , Zhu Xiaolei , Shen Chao , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe first example of the catalyst‐controlled selective synthesis of C2‐ and C3‐sulfonate‐ester‐substituted quinolines was developed by employing LaCl3 and chitosan@CuI catalysts, respectively. This protocol provides an expeditious route to an important class of quinoline derivatives frequently found in many biologically active compounds and features good practicality, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. In addition, the easily recoverable chitosan@copper catalysts can be recycled five times without significant loss of catalytic performance.
Reactivity of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Diels–Alder Cycloaddition Reaction: Distortion–Interaction Analysis along the Reaction Pathway
Authors: Li Yingzi , Osuna Sílvia , Garcia‐Borràs Marc , Qi Xiaotian , Liu Song , Houk Kendall N. , Lan Yu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDiels–Alder cycloaddition is one of the most powerful tools for the functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Density functional theory at the B3‐LYP level of theory has been used to investigate the reactivity of different‐diameter SWCNTs (4–9,5) in Diels–Alder reactions with 1,3‐butadiene; the reactivity was found to decrease with increasing SWCNT diameter. Distortion/interaction analysis along the whole reaction pathway was found to be a better way to explore the reactivity of this type of reaction. The difference in interaction energy along the reaction pathway is larger than that of the corresponding distortion energy. However, the distortion energy plots for these reactions show the same trend. Therefore, the formation of the transition state can be determined from the interaction energy. A lower interaction energy leads to an earlier transition state, which indicates a lower activation energy. The computational results also indicate that the original distortion of the SWCNTs leads to an increase in the reactivity of the SWCNTs.
Methane Activation by 5 d Transition Metals: Energetics, Mechanisms, and Periodic Trends
Authors: Armentrout Peter B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlthough it has been known for almost three decades that several 5d transition‐metal cations will activate methane at room temperature, a more detailed examination of these reactions across the periodic table has only recently been completed. In this Minireview, we compare and contrast studies of the kinetic energy dependence of these reactions as studied using guided‐ion‐beam tandem mass spectrometry. Thermochemistry for the various products observed (MH+, MH2+, MC+, MCH+, MCH2+, and MCH3+) are collected and periodic trends evaluated and discussed. The mechanisms for the reactions as elucidated by synergistic quantum chemical calculations are also reviewed. Recent spectroscopic evidence for the structures of the MCH2+ dehydrogenation products are discussed as well.
Direct Measurement of Electron Transfer in Nanoscale Host–Guest Systems: Metallocenes in Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: McSweeney Robert L. , Chamberlain Thomas W. , Baldoni Matteo , Lebedeva Maria A. , Davies E. Stephen , Besley Elena , Khlobystov Andrei N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractElectron‐transfer processes play a significant role in host–guest interactions and determine physicochemical phenomena emerging at the nanoscale that can be harnessed in electronic or optical devices, as well as biochemical and catalytic systems. A novel method for qualifying and quantifying the electronic doping of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using electrochemistry has been developed that establishes a direct link between these experimental measurements and ab initio DFT calculations. Metallocenes such as cobaltocene and methylated ferrocene derivatives were encapsulated inside SWNTs (1.4 nm diameter) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) was performed on the resultant host–guest systems. The electron transfer between the guest molecules and the host SWNTs is measured as a function of shift in the redox potential (E1/2) of CoII/CoI, CoIII/CoII and FeIII/FeII. Furthermore, the shift in E1/2 is inversely proportional to the nanotube diameter. To quantify the amount of electron transfer from the guest molecules to the SWNTs, a novel method using coulometry was developed, allowing the mapping of the density of states and the Fermi level of the SWNTs. Correlated with theoretical calculations, coulometry provides an accurate indication of n/p‐doping of the SWNTs.
Samarium and Nitrogen Co‐Doped Bi2WO6 Photocatalysts: Synergistic Effect of Sm3+/Sm2+ Redox Centers and N‐Doped Level for Enhancing Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Wang Fangzhi , Li Wenjun , Gu Shaonan , Li Hongda , Wu Xue , Liu Xintong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSamarium and nitrogen co‐doped Bi2WO6 nanosheets were successfully synthesized by using a hydrothermal method. The crystal structures, morphology, elemental compositions, and optical properties of the prepared samples were investigated. The incorporation of samarium and nitrogen ions into Bi2WO6 was proved by X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy indicated that the samarium and nitrogen co‐doped Bi2WO6 possessed strong visible‐light absorption. Remarkably, the samarium and nitrogen co‐doped Bi2WO6 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than single‐doped and pure Bi2WO6 under visible‐light irradiation. Radical trapping experiments indicated that holes (h+) and superoxide radicals (.O2−) were the main active species. The results of photoluminescence spectroscopy and photocurrent measurements demonstrated that the recombination rate of the photogenerated electrons and holes pairs was greatly depressed. The enhanced activity was attributed to the synergistic effect of the in‐built Sm3+/Sm2+ redox pair centers and the N‐doped level. The mechanism of the excellent photocatalytic activity of Sm‐N‐Bi2WO6 is also discussed.
The Role of Aqueous Aerosols in the “Glyoxylate Scenario”: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Marín‐Yaseli Margarita R. , González‐Toril Elena , Mompeán Cristina , Ruiz‐Bermejo Marta 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe origin of life is one of the fundamental questions in science. Eschenmoser proposed the “glyoxylate scenario”, in which plausible abiotic synthesis pathways were suggested to be compatible with the constraints of prebiotic chemistry. In this proposal, the stem compound is HCN. In this work, we explore the “glyoxylate scenario” through several syntheses of HCN polymers, paying particular attention to the role of the aqueous aerosols, together with statistical methods, as a step to elucidate the synthetic problem of the origin of life. The soluble and insoluble HCN polymers synthetized were analyzed by GC‐MS. We identified, for the first time, glyoxylic acid in these polymers, together with some constituents of the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acids and several N‐heterocycles. The findings presented herein, as the first global approach to the “glyoxylate scenario”, give full effect to this hypothesis and prove that aqueous aerosols could play an important role in this plausible scene of the origin of life.
Investigation of the Effect of Thermal Annealing on Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Nanofibers by Scanning Probe Microscopy: From Single‐Chain Conformation and Assembly Behavior to the Interfacial Interactions with Graphene Oxide
Authors: Liu Sanrong , Ma Xiaojing , Wang Bo , Shang Xudong , Wang Wenliang , Yu Xifei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPoly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) has been widely used in devices owing to its excellent properties and structural features. However, devices based on pure P3HT have not exhibited high performance. Strategies, such as thermal annealing and surface doping, have been used to improve the electrical properties of P3HT. In this work, different from previous studies, the effect of thermal annealing on P3HT nanofibers are examined, ranging from the single polymer chain conformation to chain packing, and the interfacial interactions with graphene oxide (GO) at nanoscale dimensions, by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). High‐resolution STM images directly show the conformational changes of single polymer chains after thermal annealing. The morphology of P3HT nanofibers and the surface potential changes of the P3HT nanofibers and GO is further investigated by AFM and KPFM at the nanoscale, which demonstrate that the surface potentials of P3HT decrease, whereas that of GO increases after thermal annealing. All of the results demonstrate the stronger interfacial interactions between P3HT and GO occur after thermal treatments due to the changes in P3HT chain conformation and packing order.
Impacts of river bank stabilization using riprap on fish habitat in two contrasting environments
Authors: Massey William , Biron Pascale M. , Choné Guénolé 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRiverbank stabilization using rock riprap is commonly used for protecting road and bridge structures from fluvial erosion. However, little is known about how streams adjust to such perturbation or how this can affect fish habitat in different fluvial environments, particularly for non‐salmonid species in small streams. The objective of this study is to assess impacts of riprap on fish habitat quantity and quality through a pairwise comparison of 27 stabilized and non‐stabilized stream reaches in two physiographic regions, the Saint Lawrence Lowlands and the Appalachian highlands of Montérégie‐Est (Quebec, Canada). Both quantitative (Hydro‐morphological Index of Diversity, HMID) and qualitative (Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index, QHEI) fish habitat assessment techniques are applied in order to compare results between methods. For each stream reach depth and velocity were measured to calculate HMID. In‐stream cover (woody debris, overhanging vegetation, undercut banks, aquatic macrophytes) and habitat units (pools, riffles, runs, glides) were also documented and used to determine QHEI. Results show that overall bank stabilization using riprap at bridge and stream crossings alters fish habitat characteristics. Loss of in‐stream covers and riparian vegetation lower QHEI scores at stabilized reaches, especially in more pristine Appalachian streams, but has less impact on already altered straightened Lowlands streams. In this latter context, some positive alterations of fish habitat were observed in riprapped reaches due to the coarsening of the substrate and an induced increase of slope. The two metrics (HMID and QHEI) revealed similar differences between stabilized and non‐stabilized sites for Lowlands sites, but their level of agreement was much less in the Appalachian streams, suggesting caution when interpreting habitat quality results based on a single metric. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detecting clinical change with the CDR‐FTLD: differences between FTLD and AD dementia
Authors: Mioshi Eneida , Flanagan Emma , Knopman David 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the psychometric properties of the Clinical Dementia Scale—frontotemporal lobar degeneration (CDR‐FTLD) psychometric properties using Rasch analysis and its sensitivity distinguishing disease progression between FTLD and Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsOf 603 consecutive patients from the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center dataset (FTLD = 350; AD = 253), 120 FTLDs were included in a Rasch analysis to verify CDR‐FTLD psychometric properties; 483 (FTLD = 230; AD = 253) were included to analyse disease progression, with 195 (FTLD = 82; AD = 113) followed‐up (24 months).ResultsThe CDR‐FTLD demonstrated good consistency, construct and concurrent validity and correlated well with mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) and disease duration (ps < 0.05). At baseline, FTLD showed greater dementia severity than AD after matched for MMSE and disease duration (p < 0.001). Independent Rasch analyses demonstrated different patterns of progression for FTLD and AD in terms of the domains initially and then subsequently affected with disease progression. At follow‐up, although MMSE showed significant changes (p < 0.05), these were greater on the CDR‐FTLD (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe CDR‐FTLD satisfactorily measures dementia severity and change in FTLD, distinguishing disease progression between FTLD and AD, with clear implications for care, prognosis and future clinical trials. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CCN1 Promotes VEGF Production in Osteoblasts and Induces Endothelial Progenitor Cell Angiogenesis by Inhibiting miR-126 Expression in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Chen Cheng-Yu , Su Chen-Ming , Hsu Chin-Jung , Huang Chien-Chung , Wang Shih-Wei , Liu Shih-Chia , Chen Wei-Cheng , Fuh Lih-Jyh , Tang Chih-Hsin 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from preexisting vasculature. The perpetuation of angiogenesis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various disease states including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61 or CCN1) is an important proinflammatory cytokine in RA. Here, we investigated the role of CCN1 in angiogenesis associated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and osteoblasts. We found higher expression of CCN1 and VEGF in synovial fluid from RA patients compared with healthy controls. CCN1 induced VEGF expression in osteoblasts and increased endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) angiogenesis by inhibiting miR-126 via the protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-α) signaling pathway. CCN1 knockdown inhibited angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models. Inhibition of CCN1 expression with lentiviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) ameliorated articular swelling, cartilage erosion, and angiogenesis in the ankle joint of mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Our study is the first to describe how CCN1 promotes VEGF expression in osteoblasts and increased EPCs angiogenesis in RA disease. CCN1 may serve as a potential target for RA treatment. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Atmospheric analogues for physically consistent scenarios of surface weather in Europe and Maghreb
Authors: Raynaud Damien , Hingray Benoit , Zin Isabella , Anquetin Sandrine , Debionne Samuel , Vautard Robert 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis study compares the multivariate predictions of daily temperature, temperature range, precipitation, surface wind and solar radiation of a single‐model analogue approach with an original multi‐model analogy over 12 regions in Europe and Maghreb. Both approaches are based on two‐level analogue models where atmospheric predictors are either dynamic or thermodynamic. In the multi‐model approach, independent analogue models with predictand‐specific predictors are used. In the single‐model one, a unique analogue model and its associated set of predictors is applied to all predictands.Testing numerous large‐scale predictors, we first identify the best predictor sets for each modelling strategy. Those obtained for the single‐model approach are significantly different from those of the predictand‐specific models. This is especially the case for local temperature and wind speed. Both methods perform similarly for precipitation, temperature range and radiation.We next assess the ability of both approaches to simulate physically coherent multivariate weather scenarios. With the single‐model method, weather scenarios are obtained for each prediction day from observations sampled simultaneously on one analogue day. The physical consistency between variables is thus automatically fulfilled each day. This allows the single‐model method to reproduce well the observed inter‐predictand correlations, especially the significant correlations between radiation and precipitation and between radiation and temperature range. These results suggest a hybrid analogue model using a single‐model for radiation, temperature range and precipitation, combined with a univariate approach for wind. Two options are proposed for temperature for which either the predictand‐specific method or a single‐model approach with an additional correction are conceivable. This hybrid approach leads to a possible compromise between reasonable univariate prediction skills and realistic inter‐predictands correlations, both classically required for many impact studies.
Knowledge and attitudes of final year pharmacy students toward opioid substitution therapy
Authors: Snoswell Centaine L. , Hollingworth Samantha A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundOpioid substitution therapy (OST) prevents opioid withdrawal and positively affects clients and the community. In 2013 there were 47 442 Australian OST clients, and 88% of these received their services in pharmacies. Provision of OST is currently offered in only two out of every five community pharmacies, and therefore it is crucial that competent registered Australian pharmacists be comfortable in its execution.AimTo examine the knowledge and attitudes of final year pharmacy students toward OST.MethodA survey was developed and all final year pharmacy students from the University of Queensland (UQ) and the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) were given the opportunity to participate (n = 251 and 79 respectively). Respondents were divided into three cohorts; inexperienced, indirectly experienced, and directly experienced with OST provision.ResultsSixty‐four students completed all of the survey questions (51 from UQ and 13 from QUT). The average number of correct scores for the knowledge questions was 3.7, 4.2 and 4.2 out of eight for inexperienced, indirectly experienced and directly experienced students respectively. There was a large number of ‘I don't know’ responses for the knowledge questions. Overall, respondents indicated a positive association with the OST program, but only 33% of respondents said they would be comfortable providing OST as a new graduate.ConclusionStudents would be more comfortable providing OST if greater education and training were available. OST provision is offered by 39% of pharmacies and it is important that graduate pharmacists be comfortable providing this service. Increased education within the current Bachelor program is recommended.