bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type-I silicon clathrates containing lithium
Authors: Böhme Bodo , Bobnar Matej , Ormeci Alim , Peters Sarah , Schnelle Walter , Baitinger Michael , Grin Yuri 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The intermetallic phase [Li
x
Ba8−x
][Li
y
Si46−y
] is the first example of a clathrate-I silicide containing lithium with the peculiarity that the Li atoms occupy both cage and framework positions. The phase was obtained by ambient-pressure solid-state reactions at 400°C between Ba4Li2Si6 and the binary clathrate phase Ba8−x
Si46 applying different experimental approaches. In this reaction, Li atoms substitute Si atoms of the framework at site 6c (space group Pm3̅n) and fill up the Ba-deficient dodecahedral Si20 cages at site 2a. The presence of Li atoms in the clathrate phase was proven by combined X-ray powder diffraction, 7Li and 29Si solid-state NMR analyses. Incorporation of lithium markedly increased the lattice parameter of the clathrate phase, e.g. from a=10.3200(2) Å for Ba7.48(2)Si46 to a=10.3715(3) Å for [Li0.59(2)Ba7.41(2)][Li2.3(1)Si43.7(1)]. The critical temperature T
c for the transition to the superconducting state decreased from 7.7 K to 3.2 K upon Li incorporation.
Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change for Sit-to-Stand Tests and the Functional Gait Assessment for Individuals With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Petersen Cheryl , Steffen Teresa , Paly Elizabeth , Dvorak Leah , Nelson Reid 
Published: November 2016

Background and Purpose:
This study examined test-retest relative (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) and absolute (minimum detectable change [MDC]) reliabilities for the 5 times sit-to-stand (5×STS), 30-second sit-to-stand (30sSTS), and the functional gait assessment (FGA) tests in people with Parkinson disease (PD). In addition, correlation of these functional tests with a history of falls was examined over a 6-month period, and the internal consistency of the FGA was established.

Methods:
Twenty-two patients with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stages 1-3) completed 3 functional tests over 2 test-retest periods of 6 to 8 days. Falls were self-reported for the prior 6 months.

Results and Discussion:
Moderate-to-excellent test-retest ICC(2,2) and MDC95 values were found for the 30sSTS (0.94, 3 times) and ICC(2,1) and MDC95 values were found for the FGA (0.86, 4 points). The 5×STS demonstrated a lower ICC(2,2) and a high MDC95 value (0.74, 10 seconds). A significant correlation was only found between past falls and the FGA test (r =−0.48, P < .05) during session 1. Cronbach α values for the 10-item FGA during session 1 and session 2 were 0.75 and 0.85, respectively.

Conclusions:
To assess for change over time, we found the 30sSTS and the FGA tests can be used reliably in patients with PD. A lower FGA score was associated with a higher chance of falls, and good internal consistency of the FGA was found.
The Validity and Contributing Physiological Factors to 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test Performance in Rugby League
Authors: Scott Tannath J. , Duthie Grant M. , Delaney Jace A. , Sanctuary Colin E. , Ballard David A. , Hickmans Jeremy A. , Dascombe Ben J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Scott, TJ, Duthie, GM, Delaney, JA, Sanctuary, CE, Ballard, DA, Hickmans, JA, and Dascombe, BJ. The validity and contributing physiological factors to 30-15 intermittent fitness test performance in rugby league. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2409–2416, 2017—This study examined the validity of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT) within rugby league. Sixty-three Australian elite and junior-elite rugby league players (22.5 ± 4.5 years, 96.1 ± 9.5 kg, Σ7 skinfolds: 71.0 ± 18.7 mm) from a professional club participated in this study. Players were assessed for anthropometry (body mass, Σ7 skinfolds, lean mass index), prolonged high-intensity intermittent running (PHIR; measured by 30-15IFT), predicted aerobic capacity (MSFT) and power (AAS), speed (40 m sprint), repeated sprint, and change of direction (COD—505 agility test) ability before and after an 11-week preseason training period. Validity of the 30-15IFT was established using Pearson's coefficient correlations. Forward stepwise regression model identified the fewest variables that could predict individual final velocity (V
IFT) and change within 30-15IFT performance. Significant correlations between V
IFT and Σ7 skinfolds, repeated sprint decrement, V̇o
2maxMSFT, and average aerobic speed were observed. A total of 71.8% of the adjusted variance in 30-15IFT performance was explained using a 4-step best fit model (V̇o
2maxMSFT, 61.4%; average aerobic speed, 4.7%; maximal velocity, 4.1%; lean mass index, 1.6%). Across the training period, 25% of the variance was accounted by ΔV̇o
2maxMSFT (R
2 = 0.25). These relationships suggest that the 30-15IFT is a valid test of PHIR within rugby league. Poor correlations were observed with measures of acceleration, speed, and COD. These findings demonstrate that although the 30-15IFT is a valid measure of PHIR, it also simultaneously examines various physiological capacities that differ between sporting cohorts.
Effect of 1 Repetition Maximum, 80% Repetition Maximum, and 50% Repetition Maximum Strength Exercise in Trained Individuals on Variations in Plasma Redox Biomarkers
Authors: Polotow Tatiana G. , Souza-Junior Tácito P. , Sampaio Ricardo C. , Okuyama Alexandre R. , Ganini Douglas , Vardaris Cristina V. , Alves Ragami C. , McAnulty Steven R. , Barros Marcelo P. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Polotow, TG, Souza-Junior, TP, Sampaio, RC, Okuyama, AR, Ganini, D, Vardaris, CV, Alves, RC, McAnulty, SR, and Barros, MP. Effect of 1RM, 80%RM, and 50%RM strength exercise in trained individuals on variations in plasma redox biomarkers. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2489–2497, 2017—For decades, scientists have examined the participation of oxygen/nitrogen species in anaerobic-like exercises, especially weightlifting and resistance exercises. The balance between the production of oxyradicals and antioxidant responses during anaerobic-like exercises is essential to assure adaptation to the physiological benefits of strength training and to prevent chronic harmful effects. The aim of this study is to examine the hypothesis that different weight loads (1 repetition maximum (RM), 80%RM, and 50%RM) lifted until exhaustion could impose distinct oxidative insults and elicit diverse antioxidant responses in plasma of young trained subjects. Glucose (+10%), lactate (+65%), urea (+30%), free iron (+65%), reduced/oxidized glutathione (+14 and +23%, respectively), and xanthine oxidase activity (2.2-fold) significantly increased after the 1RM test, whereas plasma antioxidant capacity dropped by 37%. When lower weight loads were applied (80%RM and 50%RM tests), heme-iron (+15 and +20%, respectively) became the prevalent pro-oxidant, although glutathione responses were only detected after 80%RM (+14%). Lactate concentration in plasma continuously increased, by 2.9-fold (80%RM) and 3.6-fold higher (50%RM test). We demonstrated that 1RM tests significantly diminish the antioxidant capacity of plasma because of iron overload, whereas 80%RM tests require higher involvement of glutathione molecules to counteract heme-iron oxidative insult. Mild redox imbalances promoted by heme-iron were found in plasma after 50%RM. Although we did not observe overall changes in muscle damage in young trained subjects, we cannot exclude the need for specific antioxidant supplementation depending on the strength protocols applied, especially for less responsive groups, such as sedentary and elderly populations.
Natural Firing Patterns Imply Low Sensitivity of Synaptic Plasticity to Spike Timing Compared with Firing Rate
Authors: Graupner Michael , Wallisch Pascal , Ostojic Srdjan 
Published: November 2016

Synaptic plasticity is sensitive to the rate and the timing of presynaptic and postsynaptic action potentials. In experimental protocols inducing plasticity, the imposed spike trains are typically regular and the relative timing between every presynaptic and postsynaptic spike is fixed. This is at odds with firing patterns observed in the cortex of intact animals, where cells fire irregularly and the timing between presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes varies. To investigate synaptic changes elicited byin vivo-like firing, we used numerical simulations and mathematical analysis of synaptic plasticity models. We found that the influence of spike timing on plasticity is weaker than expected from regular stimulation protocols. Moreover, when neurons fire irregularly, synaptic changes induced by precise spike timing can be equivalently induced by a modest firing rate variation. Our findings bridge the gap between existing results on synaptic plasticity and plasticity occurringin vivo, and challenge the dominant role of spike timing in plasticity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSynaptic plasticity, the change in efficacy of connections between neurons, is thought to underlie learning and memory. The dominant paradigm posits that the precise timing of neural action potentials (APs) is central for plasticity induction. This concept is based on experiments using highly regular and stereotyped patterns of APs, in stark contrast with natural neuronal activity. Using synaptic plasticity models, we investigated how irregular,in vivo-like activity shapes synaptic plasticity. We found that synaptic changes induced by precise timing of APs are much weaker than suggested by regular stimulation protocols, and can be equivalently induced by modest variations of the AP rate alone. Our results call into question the dominant role of precise AP timing for plasticity in natural conditions.
A Defensive Kicking Behavior in Response to Mechanical Stimuli Mediated byDrosophilaWing Margin Bristles
Authors: Li Jiefu , Zhang Wei , Guo Zhenhao , Wu Sophia , Jan Lily Yeh , Jan Yuh-Nung 
Published: November 2016

Mechanosensation, one of the fastest sensory modalities, mediates diverse behaviors including those pertinent for survival. It is important to understand how mechanical stimuli trigger defensive behaviors. Here, we report thatDrosophila melanogasteradult flies exhibit a kicking response against invading parasitic mites over their wing margin with ultrafast speed and high spatial precision. Mechanical stimuli that mimic the mites' movement evoke a similar kicking behavior. Further, we identified a TRPV channel, Nanchung, and a specific Nanchung-expressing neuron under each recurved bristle that forms an array along the wing margin as being essential sensory components for this behavior. Our electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that the mechanosensitivity of recurved bristles requires Nanchung and Nanchung-expressing neurons. Together, our results reveal a novel neural mechanism for innate defensive behavior through mechanosensation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe discovered a previously unknown function for recurved bristles on theDrosophila melanogasterwing. We found that when a mite (a parasitic pest forDrosophila) touches the wing margin, the fly initiates a swift and accurate kick to remove the mite. The fly head is dispensable for this behavior. Furthermore, we found that a TRPV channel, Nanchung, and a specific Nanchung-expressing neuron under each recurved bristle are essential for its mechanosensitivity and the kicking behavior. In addition, touching different regions of the wing margin elicits kicking directed precisely at the stimulated region. Our experiments suggest that recurved bristles allow the fly to sense the presence of objects by touch to initiate a defensive behavior (perhaps analogous to touch-evoked scratching; Akiyama et al., 2012).
Ablation ofPerkin Schwann Cells Improves Myelination in the S63del Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B Mouse
Authors: Sidoli Mariapaola , Musner Nicolò , Silvestri Nicholas , Ungaro Daniela , D'Antonio Maurizio , Cavener Douglas R. , Feltri M. Laura , Wrabetz Lawrence 
Published: November 2016

In factory cells, the accumulation of misfolded protein provokes the unfolded protein response (UPR). For example, deletion of serine 63 (S63del) in myelin protein zero (P0) induces P0 accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of Schwann cells and a persistent UPR associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B (CMT1B) demyelinating peripheral neuropathy in human and mouse. PERK (protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase) is the ER stress sensor that attenuates global translation by phosphorylating eIF2α. Inhibition of the eIF2α holophosphatase GADD34:PP1, increases the phosphorylation of eIF2α in Schwann cells and largely rescues S63del neuropathy. Nonetheless, reducing phosphorylation of eIF2α, byPerkhaploinsufficiency, also ameliorates the myelin defects of S63del nerves. This contradictory finding prompted us to investigate whether the beneficial effect ofPerkdeficiency on myelination could derive from neurons. To test this hypothesis, we generated and compared Schwann cell- and neuron-specific ablation ofPerkin S63del nerves. Our data suggest that the detrimental effect ofPerkin CMT1B derives primarily from Schwann cells. Furthermore, we show thatPerkloss of function in Schwann cells restores myelination without diminishing accumulation of P0 or markers of ER stress, suggesting thatPerkmay modulate myelination through a pathway independent of the UPR.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn many endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related disorders, activation of the unfolded protein sensor protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) kinase is beneficial. Nonetheless, in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B neuropathy mice, we show that activation of PERK in Schwann cells, but not in neurons, is detrimental for myelination. PERK may interfere with myelination, independent of its role in ER stress.
Bridging the gap: metabolic and endocrine care of patients during transition
Authors: Hokken-Koelega Anita , van der Lely Aart-Jan , Hauffa Berthold , Häusler Gabriele , Johannsson Gudmundur , Maghnie Mohamad , Argente Jesús , DeSchepper Jean , Gleeson Helena , Gregory John W , Höybye Charlotte , Keleştimur Fahrettin , Luger Anton , Müller Hermann L , Neggers Sebastian , Popovic-Brkic Vera , Porcu Eleonora , Sävendahl Lars , Shalet Stephen , Spiliotis Bessie , Tauber Maithé 
Published: November 2016

Objective
Seamless transition of endocrine patients from the paediatric to adult setting is still suboptimal, especially in patients with complex disorders, i.e., small for gestational age, Turner or Prader–Willi syndromes; Childhood Cancer Survivors, and those with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency.

Methods
An expert panel meeting comprised of European paediatric and adult endocrinologists was convened to explore the current gaps in managing the healthcare of patients with endocrine diseases during transition from paediatric to adult care settings.

Results
While a consensus was reached that a team approach is best, discussions revealed that a ‘one size fits all’ model for transition is largely unsuccessful in these patients. They need more tailored care during adolescence to prevent complications like failure to achieve target adult height, reduced bone mineral density, morbid obesity, metabolic perturbations (obesity and body composition), inappropriate/inadequate puberty, compromised fertility, diminished quality of life and failure to adapt to the demands of adult life. Sometimes it is difficult for young people to detach emotionally from their paediatric endocrinologist and/or the abrupt change from an environment of parental responsibility to one of autonomy. Discussions about impending transition and healthcare autonomy should begin in early adolescence and continue throughout young adulthood to ensure seamless continuum of care and optimal treatment outcomes.

Conclusions
Even amongst a group of healthcare professionals with a great interest in improving transition services for patients with endocrine diseases, there is still much work to be done to improve the quality of healthcare for transition patients.
Einflussfaktoren auf die Erstkolostrummenge bei Holstein-Friesian-Kühen und deren Beziehungen zur postpartalen Kalziumkonzentration
Authors: Staufenbiel Rudolf , Karl Maria 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Untersuchung von Einflussfaktoren auf die Menge des Erstkolostrums bei Holstein-Friesian-Kühen und deren Beziehung zur postpartalen Kalziumkonzentration im Blutserum. Geprüfte Hypothesen: 1. Die Laktationszahl ist der wichtigste Einflussfaktor auf die Menge des Erstkolostrums. 2. Die Menge an Erstkolostrum ist ein ätiologischer Faktor bei der Entstehung der Gebärparese. Material und Methoden: Von April 2012 bis März 2013 wurde eine Beobachtungsstudie auf einem kommerziellen Milchviehbetrieb (2278 Holstein-Friesian-Kühe) durchgeführt. Die Analyse umfasste folgende Variablen: Blutserumkonzentrationen an Kalzium, Phosphor, freien Fettsäuren und β-Hydroxybutyrat; Rückenfettdicke; Milchleistung; Daten zur Kalbung; Laktationszahl; Kuhvater; Trächtigkeitsdauer; Erstkalbealter; Trockenstehdauer; Fruchtbarkeitskennzahlen der Vorlaktation sowie Erkrankungen in der Trockenstehphase und bis 3 Tage post partum. Die Daten wurden mithilfe der Varianzanalyse, Korrelationsanalyse sowie der multiplen linearen Regressionsanalyse auf Zusammenhänge und Einflussfaktoren stufenweise ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die mittlere Erstkolostrummenge betrug 5,6 kg mit einer Streuung von 3,41 kg. Eine Vielzahl von Einzelfaktoren beeinflusste die Menge des Erstkolostrums. Anhand der untersuchten Einflussfaktoren konnte ein Viertel der Variabilität der Kolostrummenge erklärt werden. Entgegen der Erwartung ließ sich der dominierende Einfluss der Laktationszahl nicht bestätigen, da er durch die stärker wirkenden Faktoren Milchmengenleistung der Folgelaktation, Erkrankungen nach der Kalbung, Trockenstehdauer, Kuhvater (Genetik) und das Kälbergewicht aufgenommen wird. Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz: Durch Selektion auf eine hohe Milchleistung und durch Einsatz von Bullen, deren Töchter eine gute Milchleistung zeigen, wird gleichzeitig auf eine höhere Kolostrummenge selektiert. Eine Trockenstehdauer von 50 Tagen ist in Hinblick auf die Kolostrummenge empfehlenswert. Die beiden Hypothesen wurden nicht bestätigt.
DIAGNÓSTICOS DE ENFERMAGEM PREVALENTES EM PACIENTES INTERNADOS NA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Silva Rudval Souza da , Lima Marylia De Oliveira Mendes , Bandeira Willian Cássia De Oliveira , Pereira Agnete Troelsen , Sampaio Antônia Adônis Callou , Paixão Gilvânia Patrícia Do Nascimento 
Published: November 2016

O diagnóstico de enfermagem é resultado de um processo de interpretação e agrupamento das queixas dos pacientes a partir do julgamento clínico dos dados coletados na etapa de investigação, direcionando o pensamento crítico e julgamento clínico do enfermeiro. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a prevalência dos diagnósticos de enfermagem nos pacientes assistidos na UTI. Trata-se de revisão integrativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo. Foi realizada a identificação de estudos através de levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados: LILACS e SciELO resultando numa amostra final de 11 estudos que compuseram o corpus da pesquisa. Resultando em 11 estudos analisados foram identificados 91 diagnósticos de enfermagem. Estabeleceu-se um Índice de Concordância (≥ 0,60) para a análise e foram considerados como prevalentes apenas os diagnósticos de enfermagem que alcançaram o IC, o que resultou num total de 10 diagnósticos de enfermagem prevalentes: risco de infecção, volume de líquido excessivo, risco de aspiração, risco de integridade da pele prejudicada, integridade da pele prejudicada, mobilidade física prejudicada, débito cardíaco diminuído, déficit de autocuidado higiene íntima, padrão respiratório ineficaz e desobstrução ineficaz das vias áreas. Foi possível evidenciar que no contexto da terapia intensiva são mais prevalentes os diagnósticos reais do que os de riscos. Com a identificação da prevalência dos diagnósticos de enfermagem foi possível traçar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos pacientes internados numa UTI.
Digital Curation as a Core Competency in Current Learning and Literacy: A Higher Education Perspective
Authors: Ungerer Leona M. 
Published: November 2016

<p class="3">Digital curation may be regarded as a core competency in higher education since it contributes to establishing a sense of metaliteracy (an essential requirement for optimally functioning in a modern media environment) among students. Digital curation is gradually finding its way into higher education curricula aimed at fostering social media literacies. Teachers are urged to blend informal and formal learning and since most people informally use curation in their daily lives for compiling relevant information, it may be fairly easy to adopt digital curation in teaching and learning. Teachers, however, require considerable insight in incorporating various informal digital curation tools in educational practices. The SECTIONS model may assist in guiding decisions around the suitability of digital curation tools for a higher education environment. Including digital literacy training in the professional development of academic staff members may sensitize them to the possibilities that incorporating digital approaches in curricula offer. The Five Cs of Digital Curation framework may guide academic staff members in compiling suitable digital material. There as yet appears not to be a pedagogy that fully acknowledges the various digital curation processes. A pedagogy of abundance, acknowledging that content often is freely available and abundant, may eventually prove relevant in this regard.</p>
From Presences to Linked Influences Within Communities of Inquiry
Authors: Peacock Susi , Cowan John 
Published: November 2016

<p class="1">Much research has identified and confirmed the core elements of the well-known Community of Inquiry Framework (CoIF): Social, Cognitive and Teaching Presence (Garrison, 2011). The overlap of these Presences, their definitions and roles, and their subsequent impact on the educational experience, has received less attention. This article is prompted by the acceptance of that omission (Garrison, Anderson, &amp; Archer, 2010). It proposes enrichment to the Framework, by entitling the overlapping spaces uniting pairs of Presences as “Influences.” These three spaces, linking pairings of Social, Teaching, and Cognitive Presences, can be labelled as “trusting,” “meaning-making,” and “deepening understanding.” Their contribution to the educational experience is to address constructively some of the challenges of online learning, including learner isolation, limited learner experience of collaborative group work and underdeveloped higher-level abilities. For these purposes we also envisage “cognitive maps” as supporting learners to assess progress to date and identify pathways forward (Garrison &amp; Akyol, 2013). Such maps, developed by a course team, describe the territory that learners may wish to explore, signpost possible activities, and encourage the development of cognitive and interpersonal abilities required for online learning. We hope that considering the Influences may also assist tutor conceptualisations of online community-based learning. Our proposals call on both learners and tutors to conceive of the Presences and Influences as working together, in unison, to enhance the educational experience whilst fostering deep learning. Our suggestions are presented to stimulate scholarly debate about the potential of these interwoven sections, constructively extending the Framework.</p>