bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treating Anger and Aggression in Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Morland Leslie A. , Kloezeman Karen , Angkaw Abigail C. , Love Allison R. , Mackintosh Margaret‐Anne 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Anger and aggression are common problems for military populations, particularly veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Excessive anger is a key predictor of PTSD symptom severity and treatment outcomes. Dysregulated anger impacts other clinical factors, including interpersonal functioning, physical health problems, alcohol misuse, increased healthcare costs, and legal issues. Explanatory models to account for the strong relationship between anger and PTSD have been proposed in the research. PTSD‐related anger is posited to be distinct from other forms of problematic anger in terms of its causal and maintaining factors. Cognitive–behavioral treatment for anger management and trauma‐focused treatments, which include intervention strategies aligned with hypothesized anger regulation deficits, have been found to be effective in reducing anger symptoms. Clinical issues that it is important to address when treating veterans with anger problems include the assessment of risk for violence, common co‐occurring difficulties, treatment engagement, and ethnocultural and military cultural considerations.
Treatment of Anger and Aggression Following Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Hart Tessa , Fann Jesse R. , Brockway Jo Ann , Maiuro Roland D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAnger and irritability are important clinical problems in acquired brain injury, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. Presentations vary widely, from agitation and aggression during the acute confusional state following TBI to chronic problems with temper control that undermine employment, relationships, and community participation. As the causes of anger include biological and social or reactive components as well as premorbid temperament, treatment is challenging. Amantadine, anticonvulsants, stimulants, and serotonergic antidepressants are used clinically with little formal evidence to support choice of medication. Operant conditioning methods may benefit those with severe cognitive impairment and may be taught to caregivers. Psychoeducational treatments using modified cognitive–behavioral approaches, and skill training adapted from mainstream anger management programs, may be helpful in teaching people with brain injury a repertoire of appropriate methods for expressing frustration and approaching conflicts in a constructive fashion.
Prevention of Recidivism and Violent and Aggressive Offenders
Authors: Polaschek Devon L. L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInterventions that are effective in reducing recidivism and enhancing desistance are growing, but research into whether they work and how they work is rare. In keeping with the risk principle of the risk‐need‐responsivity model, risk‐reducing interventions have the most impact on the highest‐risk offenders. Developmental theory and longitudinal cohort research indicate that those who commit the most violent acts are also prolific and diverse offenders who start offending early, persist well into adulthood, and have myriad characteristics associated with poor life prognoses, including risk factors for offending, poor physical and mental health, and economic failure. This chapter reviews treatment programs for high‐risk violent offenders in correctional settings such as prisons before considering the applicability of developments in the treatment of psychopathic and personality‐disordered offenders. It proposes that psychological treatment, while effective, should be coupled with reentry or resettlement preparation and postrelease support to minimize recidivism.
Promoting School‐Wide Social Skills
Authors: Sugai George , Simonsen Brandi , Salle Tamika La , Freeman Jennifer 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to describe the rationale, core features, and an implementation process for deliberately and explicitly teaching school‐wide social skills within a multitiered system of support (MTSS) framework. Specifically, five questions are addressed: (1) Why is teaching school‐wide social skills important? (2) How are social skills learned? (3) How does school‐wide social skills instruction fit within MTSS? (4) How are social skills deliberately, explicitly, and routinely taught school‐wide? And (5) How can social skills be promoted across classrooms and school‐wide?
Early Intervention and Prevention of Aggressive and Violent Behavior through School‐Wide Systems of Positive Behavior Support
Authors: Mitchell Barbara S. , Bruhn Allison L. , McDaniel Sara C. , Lewis Timothy J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe costs of early trajectory patterns of antisocial behavior have been well documented with respect to the at‐risk youth themselves, educators, and society at large. Research examining antisocial behaviors leading to violence and aggression points to key events within at‐risk youths' development that are potentially amenable to early intervention and prevention. Unfortunately, many schools continue to engage in ineffective disciplinary practices that fail to impact and alter early patterns, and actually make them worse. School‐Wide Positive Behavior Support (SW‐PBS) is a comprehensive multitiered system designed to allow educators to (1) build proactive school‐wide preventive supports, (2) identify at‐risk youth early and build in appropriate interventions and supports, and (3) provide a framework to engage community agencies. SW‐PBS research to date has shown a promising impact on associated risks linked to antisocial behavior. Essential features of SW‐PBS and summaries of research to date are discussed.
Predicting and Reducing Aggression and Violence toward Teachers: Extent of the Problem and Why it Matters
Authors: McMahon Susan D. , Martinez Andrew , Reddy Linda A. , Espelage Dorothy L. , Anderman Eric M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlthough violence prevention has largely focused on students, national and state‐level studies suggest that teacher‐directed violence warrants attention by researchers, policy makers, and school stakeholders. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the empirical literature on teacher‐directed violence, including the extent of the problem, types of violence teachers experience, measurement issues, and how this problem varies across perpetrators and social contexts. We specify recommendations for assessment, including developing and using reliable and valid measures to better understand teachers' experiences with violence. Violence prevention approaches are described, and we advocate for assessment and intervention that incorporate teacher experiences. Using a social–ecological model, we outline intervention strategies that address school violence that affects students, teachers, and administrators at the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem levels. Ultimately, we need to take the entire school ecology into account to reduce violence and create an effective teaching and learning environment where everyone feels safe.
Gang Violence inLatinAmerica
Authors: Dammert Lucía 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe gang phenomenon has been blamed for the most violent criminal problems of the late 20th and early 21st centuries in Latin America. Formed in marginalized urban areas defined by segregation, fragmentation, and inequality, streets gangs depict the social problems and economic challenges of most cities in Latin America. Although much of the literature is centered onmarasin Central America, the BACRIMs in Colombia and multiple street gangs across the rest of the region represent an important security problem. Strongly linked to drug trafficking and transnational organized crime, gangs have developed and mutated since the mid‐20th century, going from street gangs dedicated to illegal activities to criminal associations that use gang networks to consolidate transnational crime. But that transition is not identical in all countries, cities, and even neighborhoods, which limits the possibility of developing a Latin American gang perspective.
Violence and Aggression against Older Adults: What Works? What Works Best?
Authors: Burnes David , Zhao Rebecca , Pillemer Karl 
Published: September 2017

AbstractElder mistreatment is recognized as a pervasive public health concern with major individual consequences, including shortened survival, and societal costs. With a global aging population, the scope of elder mistreatment is expected to double worldwide by the 2040s. Given the expanding scope of elder mistreatment and associated consequences, a focus on prevention is urgently warranted. Our knowledge and understanding of elder mistreatment prevention strategies remains the largest gap in the literature. This chapter provides a brief background to basic elder mistreatment knowledge and describes the state of the literature on elder mistreatment primary and secondary prevention strategies. It highlights emerging theory and promising prevention options that warrant further rigorous research attention, including caregiver support interventions, financial management programs, helplines, multidisciplinary teams, and emergency shelters.
Prevention of Bullying at Work
Authors: Chambers Andrea , Donnelly Peter D. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
There is a need to mitigate upstream factors that contribute to workplace bullying to prevent the far‐reaching consequences that impact individuals, teams, and organizations. In this chapter, we review literature on interventions designed to prevent workplace bullying targeting groups of employees or organizations as a whole and strategies to support implementation. We identified a number of prevention strategies at the team, organizational, and society level; however, there are a number of gaps in available research evidence on effective prevention strategies in this area. Recommendations are provided on the development of comprehensive organizational strategies to address workplace bullying involving a review and development process that breaks down existing processes and conditions that are supporting, precipitating, or enabling workplace bullying and incorporating a participatory approach. We also point to opportunities for further research through the validation of existing measurement instruments and the incorporation of recent advancements in the evaluation of complex interventions.
Hotspotting and Football Violence: Current Statistics and Implications for Prevention
Authors: Kurland Justin , Johnson Shane D. , Tilley Nick 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The violence associated with football matches has long been acknowledged. In this chapter, we adopt a novel perspective that uses the framework of environmental criminology, whose principal concern is patterns of crime events focusing not on who engages in violence but on where and when violence occurs on football match days and why such patterns might emerge. We address questions about patterns of football‐related violence events, such as “Do hotspots of football‐related violence emerge around stadiums on match days and, if so, where?” and, related to this, “Do such hotspots (if they occur) appear in the same places (and times) on match and nonmatch days?” We present evidence that violent offending associated with football matches was clustered in space and time in data taken for a case study area. We also illustrate forms of analysis that can inform crime prevention and consider what sorts of strategies might be used to reduce this kind of violence.
Youth Facilities and Violence: An Overview
Authors: Egozy Offer , Cox Alexandra 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Young people's exposure to violence in residential facilities can play a significant role in their long‐term well‐being and raises questions about core constitutional and human rights in confinement. Much public access to knowledge about violence in youth facilities comes from headlines about serious incidents of violence and death in custody. This overview highlights current research and theories on violence in US juvenile facilities.
What Works in Residential Programs for Aggressive and Violent Youth?
Authors: Stams Geert Jan , van der Helm Peer 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter reviews current literature on the effective treatment of youth at risk for aggressive and violent behavior in residential care. It is concluded that residential youth care can produce modest but positive effects if residential facilities provide evidence‐based treatment with high levels of program integrity and if there is an open and therapeutic living group climate. However, there is always the risk of iatrogenic effects. A biological propensity for aggression and violence, low genetic susceptibility to positive environmental influences (often combined with a mild intellectual disability), and years of aversive living conditions characterize juveniles in residential youth care, particularly those at risk for aggressive and violent behavior. We advocate a three‐step model of treatment for aggressive and violent youth: (1) creation of a safe environment; (2) a combination of limit setting and risk management while acknowledging the child as a person; and (3) the delivery of individualized therapies targeting (criminogenic) needs in a responsive way.
Reducing Violence and Aggression in Police Officers
Authors: Harris Christopher J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Police organizations employ a variety of means to minimize aggression and violence in their officers, from recruitment and selection processes to on‐the‐job training and monitoring as well as policy development. This chapter touches upon all of these means through a consideration of US police departments but particularly focuses on the ways in which police agencies attempt to locate and intervene with officers who exhibit performance problems, particularly with regard to aggressive and violent behavior. While there exists a body of work around police misconduct regarding aggression and violence on the part of officers, there is much less knowledge around whether or not current intervention efforts are sufficient, so the chapter concludes with a discussion of future research efforts to help illuminate this issue.
Involving Community in Sexual Violence Prevention: Engaging Bystanders
Authors: Banyard Victoria , Edwards Katie M. , Siebold Wendi L. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Sexual violence is a pervasive public health issue. Researchers often use the social–ecological model to understand the risk and protective factors that occur at multiple levels of a person and their environment. Prevention strategies, however, have primarily been comprised of curricula focused on changing the attitudes and behaviors of the individuals. Community‐level prevention includes strategies that change aspects of the setting, including collective efficacy, community norms, and policies. It uses messages that engage everyone in the community and strategies that give all community members a role to play in prevention. Community prevention involves community voices in the design of the work and leverages strengths, not just risk factors. This chapter discusses one promising strand of prevention that cuts across levels of the social ecology to reduce violence in communities: bystander mobilization.
TheKiVaAntibullying Program: Lessons Learned and Future Directions
Authors: Herkama Sanna , Saarento Silja , Salmivalli Christina 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSchool bullying is a widely recognized and unfortunately fairly common social problem among children and adolescents. In this chapter, we introduce the school‐based KiVa antibullying program, which has been found to be effective in reducing bullying and victimization. The effectiveness of the program was first evaluated in Finland, both in a large‐scale randomized controlled trial (2007–2009) and during the nationwide rollout (since 2009). As of early 2016, 90% of Finnish schools providing basic education in Grades 1–9, with students aged 7 to 15 years, were registered program users. We begin by introducing the background and contents of the KiVa program. Next, evidence of effectiveness is presented from Finland and ongoing evaluations in other countries, and questions of program implementation are addressed. Finally, some future directions for research and program development are contemplated.
Plastid Division in Higher Plants
Authors: Møller Simon Geir 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionThe Morphology of Plastid DivisionPlastid Division Initiation byFtsZDivision Site PlacementarcMutantsNon‐arc‐Related Chloroplast Division ComponentsDNASegregation during DivisionConclusions and Future ProspectsAcknowledgements
Biogenesis of the Thylakoid Membrane
Authors: Robinson Colin , Mant Alexandra 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionTargeting of Thylakoid Lumen ProteinsThe Targeting of Thylakoid Membrane ProteinsBiogenesis of the Thylakoid MembraneBiosynthesis of Chloroplast LipidsThylakoid Biogenesis during Chloroplast DevelopmentConcluding Remarks
Chloroplast Genetic Engineering for Enhanced Agronomic Traits and Expression of Proteins for Medical/Industrial Applications
Authors: Devine Andrew L. , Daniell Henry 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionHistorical AspectsUnique Features of Chloroplast Genetic EngineeringMaternal Inheritance and Gene ContainmentCrop Species Stably Transformed via the Plastid GenomeAgronomic Traits Conferred via the Plastid GenomeTransgenic Plastids as BioreactorsBiomaterials, Enzymes, and Amino AcidsConclusionsAcknowledgements
Concepts and Techniques in Plant Membrane Physiology
Authors: Blatt Michael R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionPlant Membrane TransportIntracellular Recording and the Voltage ClampPatch ClampSeparating and Analysing Membrane CurrentsMicroinjection and PerfusionRadiotracer Flux AnalysisConclusionAcknowledgements
Voltage‐Gated Ion Channels
Authors: Dreyer Ingo , Müller‐Röber Bernd , Köhler Barbara 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionVoltage Gating from a Mechanistic Point of ViewVoltage‐Gated Ion Channels Uncovered in Plants and Their Involvements in Physiological ProcessesGating ModifiersOutlook – Voltage‐Gated Ion Channels in ‘Systems Biology’
Ligand‐Gated Ion Channels
Authors: Maathuis Frans 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionAcetylcholine Receptors, the Archetypal Ligand‐Gated Ion ChannelsTechniques to Study Ligand‐Gated ChannelsPlant Ligand‐Gated Ion ChannelsCa2+Release Channels from EndomembranesNon‐Selective Ligand‐Gated Ion ChannelsConcluding Remarks
Ca2+andpHas Integrating Signals in Transport Control
Authors: Bibikova Tatiana N. , Assmann Sarah M. , Gilroy Simon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionTransport and the Control of DevelopmentPlant and Algal Transporters and Tip‐Growth ControlTip Growth Shows Oscillations in Fluxes and GrowthHow are Local Ca2+Gradients Formed?G‐Proteins Regulating Ion Fluxes at the ApexRegulation ofH+FluxesTransport and the Reversible Control of Cell VolumeThe Mechanistic Basis of Reversible Cell Volume ChangeCalcium and Volume Change in Motor CellsCa2+, Secretion and the CytoskeletonHow areCa2+Oscillations Generated?G‐Proteins Regulating Signaling in Guard CellsRegulation ofH+FluxesRoles of ExtracellularCa2+andpHin Wall Structure/Activity of Guard Cells and Pulvinar CellsConclusions and PerspectivesAcknowledgements
Vesicle Traffic and Plasma Membrane Transport
Authors: Hurst Annette C. , Thiel Gerhard , Homann Ulrike 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionMembrane Turnover in PlantsTurnover of Membrane ProteinsParallels to Mechanisms in Animal CellsRegulatory Mechanisms in Membrane Trafficking and Their Implications for Activity of Ion Transport ProteinsAcknowledgements
Floral Architecture: Regulation and Diversity of Floral Shape and Pattern
Authors: Kramer Elena M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionPhyllotaxy and MerosityFloral SymmetryFloral Organ IdentityElaboration of Organ IdentitySex Determination as a Modification of Floral ArchitectureFuture PerspectivesAcknowledgments
Sonographic Accuracy as a Novel Tool for Point‐of‐care Ultrasound Competency Assessment
Authors: Bell Colin R. , McKaigney Conor J. , Holden Matthew , Fichtinger Gabor , Rang Louise 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) is a point‐of‐care ultrasound (PoCUS) study that is routine in trauma patient assessment. Many organizations have published training guidelines, which grant competency through the completion of a fixed number of observed scans. This approach is incongruent with current trends in competency‐based medical education. We aim to objectively quantify probe motion and user accuracy to differentiate groups of PoCUS operators.MethodsEmergency medicine residents were recruited in two groups. The novice group (n = 15) had limited PoCUS experience, whereas the intermediate group (n = 14) had completed at least 50 supervised FAST examinations. Both groups underwent assessment on a live human model. Residents from the novice group returned (n = 9) after completing a curriculum and repeated the assessment using the identical experimental construct.ResultsSignificant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the novice and both the intermediate and the novice returned groups in time, path length, and points of interest (POIs) scanned. Novices required more time to complete the full examination (290.82 seconds vs. 197.41 seconds vs. 271.79 seconds), utilized more motion (9392.07 mm vs. 4052.73 mm vs. 4985.05 mm), and imaged fewer POIs (48.13% vs. 95.00% vs. 100.00%) when compared to intermediates and returning novices, respectively. No difference was found between the intermediate and novice returned groups for the complete examination. Spearman's correlation was calculated between variables within each group. Correlations between time and path length were statistically significant (p < 0.05) with novice, intermediate, and novice returned values of 0.67, 0.65, and 0.90. Interestingly, neither time nor path length consistently correlated with POIs scanned in any group.ConclusionDifferences in probe motion efficiency and POIs scanned between novices and intermediate or returning novice users show promise for use as a quantitative objective assessment tool. Unlike in surgical literature, accuracy did not correlate with path length or time to examination completion.
Highly Luminescent Pincer Gold(III) Aryl Emitters: Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Solution‐Processed OLEDs
Authors: To Wai‐Pong , Zhou Dongling , Tong Glenna So Ming , Cheng Gang , Yang Chen , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHerein are described the synthesis, photophysical properties and applications of a series of luminescent cyclometalated AuIII complexes having an auxiliary aryl ligand. These complexes show photoluminescence with emission quantum yields of up to 0.79 in solution and 0.84 in thin films (4 wt % in PMMA) at room temperature, both of which are the highest reported values among AuIII complexes. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is the emission origin for some of these complexes. Solution‐processed OLEDs made with these complexes showed sky‐blue to green electroluminescence with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of up to 23.8 %, current efficiencies of up to 70.4 cd A−1, and roll‐off of down to 1 %, highlighting the bright prospect of AuIII‐TADF emitters in OLEDs.