bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral application of Escherichia coli bacteriophage: safety tests in healthy and diarrheal children from Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Shafiqul Alam , Berger Bernard , Deng Ying , Kieser Silas , Foata Francis , Moine Deborah , Descombes Patrick , Sultana Shamima , Huq Sayeeda , Bardhan Pradip Kumar , Vuillet Valérie , Praplan Fabienne , Brüssow Harald 
Published: October 2016

SummaryA T4‐like coliphage cocktail was given with different oral doses to healthy Bangladeshi children in a placebo‐controlled randomized phase I safety trial. Fecal phage detection was oral dose dependent suggesting passive gut transit of coliphages through the gut. No adverse effects of phage application were seen clinically and by clinical chemistry. Similar results were obtained for a commercial phage preparation (Coliproteus from Microgen/Russia). By 16S rRNA gene sequencing, only a low degree of fecal microbiota conservation was seen in healthy children from Bangladesh who were sampled over a time interval of 7 days suggesting a substantial temporal fluctuation of the fecal microbiota composition. Microbiota variability was not associated with the age of the children or the presence of phage in the stool. Stool microbiota composition of Bangladeshi children resembled that found in children of other regions of the world. Marked variability in fecal microbiota composition was also seen in 71 pediatric diarrhea patients receiving only oral rehydration therapy and in 38 patients receiving coliphage preparations or placebo when sampled 1.2 or 4 days apart respectively. Temporal stability of the gut microbiota should be assessed in case‐control studies involving children before associating fecal microbiota composition with health or disease phenotypes.
Review article: Role of magnesium sulphate in the management of Irukandji syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Rathbone John , Franklin Richard , Gibbs Clinton , Williams David 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSigns of Irukandji syndrome (IS) suggest an underlying catecholamine storm with research demonstrating that Carukia barnesi venom causes a significant rise in adrenaline/noradrenaline serum levels. A systematic review was undertaken to ascertain the current evidence in treating IS with magnesium salts. A literature search was conducted using Scopus, Medline and ScienceDirect. Further articles were discarded via title description and/or abstract details. The remaining were read in full, and those identified as not having sufficient information regarding magnesium and patient outcomes were removed. Nine articles were identified. One article was a randomised controlled trial, which concluded that there appears to be no beneficial difference between those patients who received the magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) and those who received the placebo and recommended against the use of MgSO4 in IS. Of the remaining eight, one reported the failure of MgSO4 and the remaining seven were case series reporting varying success in its use. This systematic review found insufficient evidence to support any clear recommendation regarding the use of magnesium, but nor was there clear evidence to recommend against its use in IS. Two case series describe significant reduction in key symptoms and hypertension but are a non‐randomised albeit prospective series with the limitations accompanying this. The reporting of recrudescence of symptoms with reduction of dose does suggest a dose–response relationship. The evidence for the use of MgSO4 is at best anecdotal, and further research is required to either confirm its benefit or confirm the randomised controlled trial.
Single‐cell genomics based on Raman sorting reveals novel carotenoid‐containing bacteria in the Red Sea
Authors: Song Yizhi , Kaster Anne‐Kristin , Vollmers John , Song Yanqing , Davison Paul A. , Frentrup Martinique , Preston Gail M. , Thompson Ian P. , Murrell J. Colin , Yin Huabing , Hunter C. Neil , Huang Wei E. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryCell sorting coupled with single‐cell genomics is a powerful tool to circumvent cultivation of microorganisms and reveal microbial ‘dark matter’. Single‐cell Raman spectra (SCRSs) are label‐free biochemical ‘fingerprints’ of individual cells, which can link the sorted cells to their phenotypic information and ecological functions. We employed a novel Raman‐activated cell ejection (RACE) approach to sort single bacterial cells from a water sample in the Red Sea based on SCRS. Carotenoids are highly diverse pigments and play an important role in phototrophic bacteria, giving strong and distinctive Raman spectra. Here, we showed that individual carotenoid‐containing cells from a Red Sea sample were isolated based on the characteristic SCRS. RACE‐based single‐cell genomics revealed putative novel functional genes related to carotenoid and isoprenoid biosynthesis, as well as previously unknown phototrophic microorganisms including an unculturable Cyanobacteria spp. The potential of Raman sorting coupled to single‐cell genomics has been demonstrated.
How do we make indoor environments and healthcare settings healthier?
Authors: Gilbert Jack A. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIt is now well accepted that our modern lifestyle has certain implications for our health (Schaub et al., ), mainly as a result of our willingness to remove ourselves from the biological diversity of our natural environments (Roduit et al., ), while still being drawn inextricably to interact with it (Kellert and Wilson, ). Much of our interaction with the biological world is shaped by our interaction with the microbiological world. The bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea and protists that comprise the microbiome of this planet, are also key to the development and normal functioning of our bodies. Our immune system is built to shepherd our microbial exposure, ensuring that microbial organisms that we need are kept close (but not too close), and that less‐desirable organisms are expelled or killed before they can do too much damage. By moving from a life interacting with nature on a regular basis, to a life in which we isolate ourselves physically from natural microbial exposure, we may have instigated one of the great plagues of the 21st century; chronic immune disorders.
Study of Ethanol‐Induced Golgi Disorganization Reveals the Potential Mechanism of Alcohol‐Impaired N‐Glycosylation
Authors: Casey Carol A. , Bhat Ganapati , Holzapfel Melissa S. , Petrosyan Armen 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundIt is known that ethanol (EtOH) and its metabolites have a negative effect on protein glycosylation. The fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus induced by alteration of the structure of largest Golgi matrix protein, giantin, is the major consequence of damaging effects of EtOH‐metabolism on the Golgi; however, the link between this and abnormal glycosylation remains unknown. Because previously we have shown that Golgi morphology dictates glycosylation, we examined the effect EtOH administration has on function of Golgi residential enzymes involved in N‐glycosylation.MethodsHepG2 cells transfected with mouse ADH1 (VA‐13 cells) were treated with 35 mM EtOH for 72 hours. Male Wistar rats were pair‐fed Lieber‐DeCarli diets for 5 to 8 weeks. Characterization of Golgi‐associated mannosyl (α‐1,3‐)‐glycoprotein beta‐1,2‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase (MGAT1), α‐1,2‐mannosidase (Man‐I), and α‐mannosidase II (Man‐II) were performed in VA‐13 cells and rat hepatocytes followed by three‐dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D SIM).ResultsFirst, we detected that EtOH administration results in the loss of sialylated N‐glycans on asialoglycoprotein receptor; however, the high‐mannose‐type N‐glycans are increased. Further analysis by 3D SIM revealed that EtOH treatment despite Golgi disorganization does not change cis‐Golgi localization for Man‐I, but does induce medial‐to‐cis relocation of MGAT1 and Man‐II. Using different approaches, including electron microscopy, we revealed that EtOH treatment results in dysfunction of ADP‐ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) GTPase followed by a deficiency in COPI vesicles at the Golgi. Silencing beta‐COP or expression of GDP‐bound mutant Arf1(T31N) mimics the EtOH effect on retaining MGAT1 and Man‐II at the cis‐Golgi, suggesting that (i) EtOH specifically blocks activation of Arf1, and (ii) EtOH alters the proper localization of Golgi enzymes through impairment of COPI. Importantly, the level of MGAT1 was reduced, because likely MGAT1, contrary to Man‐I and Man‐II, is giantin sensitive.ConclusionsThus, we provide the mechanism by which EtOH‐induced Golgi remodeling may significantly modify formation of N‐glycans.
Integrated reporting: background, measurement issues, approaches and an agenda for future research
Authors: de Villiers Charl , Venter Elmar R. , Hsiao Pei‐Chi Kelly 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe discuss the background to integrated reporting, a new reporting framework focused on firms’ future value creation narrative. We consider why integrated reporting is an area of interest for the accounting profession, accountants, investors, regulators and managers. We provide an overview of the integrated reporting literature, discuss measurement and research design issues to take into account when designing studies on integrated reporting and identify approaches and set an agenda for future research.
Parental socioeconomic status and binge drinking in adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Kwok Ka Ho Robin , Yuan Sze Ngar Vanessa 
Published: October 2016

Background and ObjectivesBinge drinking is a phenomenon of excessive alcohol use seen in many countries. The objectives of this systematic review are a) to investigate the effect of parental socioeconomic status on binge drinking in adolescents, b) to compare how binge drinking and parental socioeconomic status was measured across studies, and c) to compare the differences between developed and developing countries.MethodWe searched PsycINFO and Ovid Medline databases for articles up to January 2016. Parental socioeconomic status is defined as household income, parental educational level, and parental occupational status. Binge drinking is defined as at least 4/5 alcohol drinks on a single occasion.ResultsFour hundred and fourteen articles were granted from the databases search with an additional 28 articles were hand‐searched through bibliographies. After abstracts and full‐text were reviewed, a total of 20 studies have met inclusion criteria for this systematic review. In developed countries, included studies were done in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, France, Netherlands, Hong Kong, and Canada. In developing countries, included studies were done in China and Brazil.ConclusionsThe majority of studies find no relationship between parental socioeconomic status and binge drinking in adolescents. However, studies that were done in developing countries yielded a weak positive association when no such association was found in developed countries. The variation on measuring binge drinking and parental socioeconomic status is discussed.Scientific SignificanceThese findings may inform healthcare systems in prevention and intervention for binge drinking among adolescents (Am J Addict 2016;25:610–619)
Differences between White and Black young women in the relationship between religious service attendance and alcohol involvement
Authors: Agrawal Arpana , Grant Julia D. , Haber Jon Randolph , Madden Pamela A.F. , Heath Andrew C. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Sartor Carolyn E. 
Published: October 2016

Background and ObjectivesWe examined the associations of religious attendance during childhood (C‐RA) and adulthood (A‐RA) with alcohol involvement (ever drinking, timing of first alcohol use, and alcohol use disorder [AUD]) in White and Black female twins. As genetic and environmental factors influence religious attendance and alcohol involvement, we examined the extent to which they contribute to their association.MethodsData on 3,234 White and 553 Black female twins (18–29 years) from the Missouri Adolescent Female twin Study. Significant correlations between C‐RA or A‐RA and alcohol involvement were parsed into their additive genetic, shared environmental, and individual‐specific environmental sources.ResultsC‐RA was associated with ever drinking and timing of first alcohol use in Whites. A‐RA was associated with ever drinking and AUD in both Whites and Blacks. Shared environmental influences did not contribute to alcohol or religiosity phenotypes in Blacks. In Whites, the association between C‐RA and alcohol was due to shared environmental influences, whereas the association between A‐RA and alcohol was attributable to additive genetic, shared environmental, and individual‐specific environmental sources. Individual‐specific environment and genetics contributed to associations between A‐RA and ever drinking and AUD, respectively, in Blacks.ConclusionsFactors other than C‐RA contribute to lower rates of alcohol involvement in Blacks. Shared environment does not contribute to links between A‐RA and alcohol involvement in Blacks.Scientific SignificanceThe protective impact of childhood religiosity on alcohol use and misuse is important in Whites and is due to familial factors shared by religiosity and alcohol involvement. (Am J Addict 2017;26:437–445)
A novel variant in the SLC12A1 gene in two families with antenatal Bartter syndrome
Authors: Breinbjerg Anders , Siggaard Rittig Charlotte , Gregersen Niels , Rittig Søren , Hvarregaard Christensen Jane 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimBartter syndrome is an autosomal‐recessive inherited disease in which patients present with hypokalaemia and metabolic alkalosis. We present two apparently nonrelated cases with antenatal Bartter syndrome type I, due to a novel variant in the SLC12A1 gene encoding the bumetanide‐sensitive sodium–(potassium)–chloride cotransporter 2 in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.MethodsBlood samples were received from the two cases and 19 of their relatives, and deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted. The coding regions of the SLC12A1 gene were amplified using polymerase chain reaction, followed by bidirectional direct deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing.ResultsEach affected child in the two families was homozygous for a novel inherited variant in the SLC12A1gene, c.1614T>A. The variant predicts a change from a tyrosine codon to a stop codon (p.Tyr538Ter). The two cases presented antenatally and at six months of age, respectively.ConclusionThe two cases were homozygous for the same variant in the SLC12A1 gene, but presented clinically at different ages. This could eventually be explained by the presence of other gene variants or environmental factors modifying the phenotypes. The phenotypes of the patients were similar to other patients with antenatal Bartter syndrome.
Delayed treatment of the first febrile urinary tract infection in early childhood increased the risk of renal scarring
Authors: Karavanaki Kyriaki A. , Soldatou Alexandra , Koufadaki Athina Maria , Tsentidis Charalampos , Haliotis Fotis A. , Stefanidis Constantinos J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the controversial relationship between the duration of fever before treatment initiation (FBT) for a febrile urinary tract infection (UTI), with renal scarring based on dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy (DMSA) findings.MethodsThe inpatient records of 148 children under two years of age with a first episode of febrile UTI were analysed. Acute and repeat DMSA findings, and clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated.ResultsAcute DMSA showed that 76 of the 148 children with a febrile UTI had renal lesions: 20 were mild, and 56 were moderate or severe. Repeat DMSA showed renal scarring in 34 patients. The only factors associated with the development of renal scars in the repeat DMSA were FBT of more than 72 hours, the presence and severity of vesicoureteral reflux and increased procalcitonin levels and absolute neutrophil counts. Multiple regression analysis showed that an FBT above 72 hours was the only significant factor that predicted renal scars.ConclusionDelay in treatment initiation of 72 hours or more was a risk factor for permanent renal scars after the first episode of febrile UTI. Other associated factors were increased procalcitonin and absolute neutrophil count on admission and the presence and severity of vesicouretal reflux.
Urinary cotinine concentrations in preschool children showed positive associations with smoking fathers
Authors: Wang Yun , Yang Mei , Huang Zhiqiang , Tian Lang , Niu Lu , Xiao Shuiyuan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThis study aimed to test the association between fathers’ smoking behaviour and urinary cotinine levels among preschool children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Possible factors influencing this association were also explored.MethodsWe recruited 368 smoking fathers with children aged five to six from five preschools in the city of Changsha, China. Urine samples were collected from the children, and the fathers were interviewed face‐to‐face. We adjusted for potential confounding factors with linear regression models.ResultsThe geometric mean of the cotinine concentration in the children's urine was 3.94 ng/mL (95% confidence interval 3.71–4.22). In multivariate analyses, the important predictors of urinary cotinine levels among children, after adjusted confounding factors, were the number of cigarettes smoked in front of the children at home per day (B = 0.414, p < 0.001), the number of cigarettes smoked by the father in front of the children at home (B = 0.105, p < 0.001) and the mean duration of the children's exposure to ETS at home (B = 0.111; p = 0.046).ConclusionUrinary cotinine concentrations of children exposed to ETS at home were positively associated with smoking fathers and smoking behaviours and the mean duration of ETS exposure at home. Targeted interventions are urgently needed to reduce children's exposure.
Isolated port‐site metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma after laparoscopic liver resection
Authors: Kihara Kyoichi , Endo Kanenori , Suzuki Kazunori , Nakamura Seiichi , Sawata Takashi , Shimizu Tetsu , Ikeguchi Masahide , Tokuyasu Yusuke , Nakamoto Shu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPort‐site metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is extremely rare, and only one case has been reported in the English‐language literature. Contamination with malignant cells along the needle tract during percutaneous biopsy or radiofrequency ablation is a well‐recognized cause of HCC recurrence. Here, we describe a case of port‐site metastasis after laparoscopic liver resection of HCC. The patient, who had undergone laparoscopic partial resection of the left lateral segment of the liver 18 months earlier, was diagnosed with HCC. CT showed a nodule in the abdominal wall where the laparoscopic port had been inserted during resection. Local excision was performed, and histological examination revealed HCC consistent with recurrence after laparoscopic resection. The experience described in this report highlights the risk of port‐site metastasis of HCC. Imaging for oncologic surveillance after laparoscopic resection must include all port sites.
Optimisation and quality control of cell processing for autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Watts Michael J. , Linch David C. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryClinical practice and the technology of cell processing for autologous stem cell transplantation has continued to evolve over the last two decades and merits review of current quality control expectations. The external regulatory era has improved quality and safety standards but there is still variable practice, with specific risks illuminated by a number of clinical incidents. Viable CD34+ cell assays may fail to indicate significant losses in progenitor function during storage, particularly after cryopreservation, and there is a need to develop an alternative, real time functional assay to replace colony assays. The ultimate guide to potency and successful cell processing for haematopoietic progenitor cell products is prompt and reproducible engraftment and close monitoring is essential for safety and quality control.
Comparisons between perivascular adipose tissue and the endothelium in their modulation of vascular tone
Authors: Zaborska K E , Wareing M , Austin C 
Published: October 2016

The endothelium is an established modulator of vascular tone; however, the recent discovery of the anti‐contractile nature of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) suggests that the fat, which surrounds many blood vessels, can also modulate vascular tone. Both the endothelium and PVAT secrete vasoactive substances, which regulate vascular function. Many of these factors are common to both the endothelium and PVAT; therefore, this review will highlight the potential shared mechanisms in the modulation of vascular tone. Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of many vascular diseases, including hypertension and obesity. Moreover, PVAT dysfunction is now being reported in several cardio‐metabolic disorders. Thus, this review will also discuss the mechanistic insights into endothelial and PVAT dysfunction in order to evaluate whether PVAT modulation of vascular contractility is similar to that of the endothelium in health and disease.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue – Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc
Gateways, inland seas, or boundary waters? Historical conceptions of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River since the 19th century
Authors: Dagenais Michèle , Cruikshank Ken 
Published: October 2016

Key MessagesSince the late 19th century, historians, geographers, and other scholars have conceived of the St. Lawrence River as a gateway that provided the basis for an east‐west transcontinental nation.Although the Great Lakes initially were incorporated into the national histories of the United States and Canada, increasingly they came to represent boundary waters that transcended political borders.Environmental issues encouraged a few writers to think more about how the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence might be thought about together, as sharing waters and a history.
Predictive coding accelerates word recognition and learning in the early stages of language development
Authors: Ylinen Sari , Bosseler Alexis , Junttila Katja , Huotilainen Minna 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe ability to predict future events in the environment and learn from them is a fundamental component of adaptive behavior across species. Here we propose that inferring predictions facilitates speech processing and word learning in the early stages of language development. Twelve‐ and 24‐month olds’ electrophysiological brain responses to heard syllables are faster and more robust when the preceding word context predicts the ending of a familiar word. For unfamiliar, novel word forms, however, word‐expectancy violation generates a prediction error response, the strength of which significantly correlates with children's vocabulary scores at 12 months. These results suggest that predictive coding may accelerate word recognition and support early learning of novel words, including not only the learning of heard word forms but also their mapping to meanings. Prediction error may mediate learning via attention, since infants’ attention allocation to the entire learning situation in natural environments could account for the link between prediction error and the understanding of word meanings. On the whole, the present results on predictive coding support the view that principles of brain function reported across domains in humans and non‐human animals apply to language and its development in the infant brain. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: http://hy.fi/unitube/video/e1cbb495-41d8-462e-8660-0864a1abd02c. [Correction added on 27 January 2017, after first online publication: The video abstract link was added.]