bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of current transformer saturation based on the improved gradient mathematical morphology method
Authors: Duan Jian‐dong , Lei Yang , Li Hao 
Published: November 2017

A protective current transformer (CT) is essential to accommodate protection relays while the saturation of the CT may severely impact the security of protective relays. The saturation detection is the first step for activating procedures to ensure the satisfactory performance of the relay system. This study presents a saturation detection method based on mathematical morphology. The detection method involves the secondary current data as the input in a sliding data window and a noisy filter as the must step for morphological wavelet detection. Then the proposed extended sine form of the structural element is used for shaping the saturation detecting signals. To verify the practicality and effectiveness of the method, dynamic large CT tests, up to 48 kA, are carried out, particularly. The test aims at the P class CT installed in the 330/110 kV substation and the simulating current ranging from 6 to 48 kA. More discussions are simulated in the 330 kV substation system based on RT‐LAB to inspect the noise‐repressing and saturation detect abilities. The experimental data and simulation results show that the proposed method could accurately detect the saturation of the CT and adapt to the noise circumstance of the test.
VLBA polarimetric monitoring of 3C 111
Authors: Beuchert T. , Kadler M. , Perucho M. , Großberger C. , Schulz R. , Agudo I. , Casadio C. , Gómez J. L. , Gurwell M. , Homan D. , Kovalev Y. Y. , Lister M. L. , Markoff S. , Molina S. N. , Pushkarev A. B. , Ros E. , Savolainen T. , Steinbring T. , Thum C. , Wilms J. 
Published: November 2017

Context.While studies of large samples of jets of active galactic nuclei (AGN) are important in order to establish a global picture, dedicated single-source studies are an invaluable tool for probing crucial processes within jets on parsec scales. These processes involve in particular the formation and geometry of the jet magnetic field as well as the flow itself.Aims.We aim to better understand the dynamics within relativistic magneto-hydrodynamical flows in the extreme environment and close vicinity of supermassive black holes.Methods.We analyze the peculiar radio galaxy 3C 111, for which long-term polarimetric observations are available. We make use of the high spatial resolution of the VLBA network and the MOJAVE monitoring program, which provides high data quality also for single sources and allows us to study jet dynamics on parsec scales in full polarization with an evenly sampled time-domain. While electric vectors can probe the underlying magnetic field, other properties of the jet such as the variable (polarized) flux density, feature size, and brightness temperature, can give valuable insights into the flow itself. We complement the VLBA data with data from the IRAM 30-m Telescope as well as the SMA.Results.We observe a complex evolution of the polarized jet. The electric vector position angles (EVPAs) of features traveling down the jet perform a large rotation of ≳180∘ across a distance of about 20 pc. As opposed to this smooth swing, the EVPAs are strongly variable within the first parsecs of the jet. We find an overall tendency towards transverse EVPAs across the jet with a local anomaly of aligned vectors in between. The polarized flux density increases rapidly at that distance and eventually saturates towards the outermost observable regions. The transverse extent of the flow suddenly decreases simultaneously to a jump in brightness temperature around where we observe the EVPAs to turn into alignment with the jet flow. Also the gradient of the feature size and particle density with distance steepens significantly at that region.Conclusions.We interpret the propagating polarized features as shocks and the observed local anomalies as the interaction of these shocks with a localized recollimation shock of the underlying flow. Together with a sheared magnetic field, this shock-shock interaction can explain the large rotation of the EVPA. The superimposed variability of the EVPAs close to the core is likely related to a clumpy Faraday screen, which also contributes significantly to the observed EVPA rotation in that region.
Thrombosis Prevention with Botulinum Toxin A after Traumatic Crush Injury in a Rat Model
Authors: Hassanpour Seyed Esmail , Tarahomi Mohammadreza , Daryani Amir 
Published: November 2017

Background Revascularized digits may fail because of vessel thrombosis. The current study aimed to develop a standard model for crush injury in the rat femoral artery to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of perivascular botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection.
Methods We explored bilateral femoral arteries of 10 rats using a microscopic technique. The crush injury was reproduced using a bulldog clamp. One randomly chosen leg of each rat was injected with BTX-A. The other side received normal saline as its own control. After 24 hours, the femoral arteries were ligated distal to the trauma site and were divided between the traumatized and ligated sites.
Results All arteries injected with BTX-A had pulsatile bleeding without thrombosis. Arteries injected with normal saline had thrombosis without bleeding, except for one with oozing. The results showed the efficacy of BTX-A and its potential use in microvascular trauma (p < 0.001).
Conclusion The use of BTX-A preoperatively in the emergency department may help reduce traumatic stress and subsequent thrombosis and improve trauma management results. Complementary studies are needed to assess the ability of BTX-A to reduce thrombosis and vasospasm and improve survival of traumatized digits.
Cross-Correlation of Heart Rate and Oxygen Saturation in Very Low Birthweight Infants: Association with Apnea and Adverse Events
Authors: Lake Douglas , Fairchild Karen 
Published: November 2017

Background Analysis of subtle vital sign changes could facilitate earlier treatment of acute inflammatory illnesses. We previously showed that high cross-correlation of heart rate and oxygen saturation (XCorr-HR-SpO2) occurs in some very low birthweight (VLBW) infants with sepsis, and hypothesized that this corresponds to apnea.
Methods In 629 VLBW infants, we analyzed XCorr-HR-SpO2 in relation to central apnea with bradycardia and desaturation (ABD), BD with or without central apnea (BD), and percent time in periodic breathing (PB) throughout the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay (75 infant-years). We reviewed 100 days with extremely high XCorr-HR-SpO2 (>0.7) and control days for clinical associations. Next, we identified all cases of late-onset septicemia (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and analyzed change in XCorr-HR-SpO2 before diagnosis.
Results Mean XCorr-HR-SpO2 was ∼0.10, and increasing XCorr-HR-SpO2 was associated with increasing ABD, BD, and PB (correlation coefficients >0.93). Days with maximum XCorr-HR-SpO2 >0.7 were more likely to have an adverse event than control days (49% versus 13%). In 93 cases of LOS or NEC, there was a 67% increase in XCorr-HR-SpO2 in the 24-hour period prior to diagnosis compared with the previous day (p < 0.01).
Conclusion High XCorr-HR-SpO2 is associated with apnea and adverse events including LOS and NEC.
Homöopathische Behandlung von chronischen unspezifischen Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Scheer Anke 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungFür die homöopathische Behandlung von Patienten mit chronischen unspezifischen Rückenschmerzen ist eine umfassende Anamnese erforderlich, um die richtige Behandlungsebene definieren zu können. Anhand des Fallbeispiels eines 44-jährigen Patienten wird die Arzneifindung erläutert. Der Behandlungsverlauf wird kommentiert, um typische Entwicklungen im Heilungsverlauf aufzuzeigen. Als Behandlungsziel wird neben der Schmerzreduktion die Wiedererlangung einer Eigenregulationsfähigkeit des Organimus angestrebt. Beide Ziele können bei dem vorgestellten Patienten erreicht werden.
Gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS) – a rare recently described gastric polyposis syndrome – report of a case
Authors: Beer Andrea , Streubel Berthold , Asari Reza , Dejaco Clemens , Oberhuber Georg 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn rare cases with multiple gastric polyps in the corpus and fundus, a recently described gastric polyposis syndrome called gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS) has to be considered. We report on the findings in a patient fulfilling the criteria of this disease.A female patient born in 1977 underwent gastroscopy in 2005 due to recurrent abdominal pain. Endoscopy revealed more than 100 fundic gland polyps in the corpus and fundus. An ileocolonoscopy was inconspicuous. The patient did not take proton pump inhibitors. In follow-up biopsies, fundic gland polyps with low-grade dysplasia were observed. In 2015 gastroscopy with biopsy revealed for the first time high-grade dysplasia in a polyp, and the patient underwent prophylactic gastrectomy.Macroscopic examination of the gastrectomy specimen revealed hundreds of polyps predominantly measuring 3 mm in diameter covering the fundus and corpus. Histology showed fundic gland polyps, mainly covered by normal appearing foveolae. However, several of them were covered by lesions reminiscent of gastric foveolar adenomas with low- and focally high-grade dysplasia. Molecular pathology revealed a point mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli promotor 1B. These findings in conjunction with the knowledge that the patient’s father had died of gastric carcinoma in his 50 s led to the diagnosis of the autosomal dominant syndrome GAPPS, which has hitherto been described in 9 families.
HBV-Infektionen in Deutschland – Versorgungskosten in einem Real-life-Setting
Authors: Stahmeyer Jona , Becker Hans , Orlemann Anna , Krauth Christian , Manns Michael , Wedemeyer Heiner 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In Deutschland sind schätzungsweise 500 000 Menschen an einer chronischen Hepatitis B-Infektion erkrankt, mit erheblichen Belastungen für die Infizierten und das Gesundheitssystem. Ziel unserer Untersuchung war die Bestimmung der realen Versorgungskosten und die Analyse soziodemografischer Faktoren.
Methodik Es wurde eine retrospektive, nicht interventionelle, unizentrische Studie von 07/2009 – 12/2012 durchgeführt. Informationen zur Leistungsinanspruchnahme wurden aus Patientenakten extrahiert. Darüber hinaus wurden über Fragebögen neben soziodemografischen Parametern Informationen zum Einfluss der HBV-Infektion auf das tägliche Leben gewonnen.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 117 Patienten eingeschlossen und in 6 Krankheitsgruppen klassifiziert. Der Fragebogenrücklauf betrug 80 %. Die jährlichen Versorgungskosten lagen im Mittel bei 3509 €. Die Gruppen schwankten zwischen 221 € und 5618 €. Die Hauptkosten der Versorgung macht die antivirale Therapie mit ca. 80 % der Gesamtkosten aus. Die Kosten der Begleitmedikation waren ebenso von untergeordneter Bedeutung wie die Kosten für stationäre Aufenthalte. Die Laborkosten werden primär durch Tests der virologischen Parameter verursacht. Der Übertragungsweg der Hepatitis B-Infektion war in 2/3 der Fälle unbekannt. Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität durch die Erkrankung wurden von 60 % der Patienten angegeben. Patienten unter Interferontherapie berichteten von den größten Einschränkungen. In einer Hochrechnung wurden für Deutschland jährliche Kosten für die Versorgung von Hepatitis B-Patienten von ca. 430 Mio. € ermittelt.
Fazit In dieser Studie werden zum ersten Mal für Deutschland reale Versorgungskosten für die Hepatitis B-Infektion erhoben. Ähnliche Untersuchungen sollten im Kontext der generischen antiviralen Medikamente folgen.
Diagnose: Keuchhusten
Authors: Vrecko Carla 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungIm nachfolgenden Fall der Behandlung einer Keuchhustenerkrankung wird gezeigt, dass ein Mittelpool über die Polaritätsanalyse schnell und gut gefunden und die Behandlung schonend für den Patienten und im weiteren Verlauf klärend für die Folgeverschreibung durchgeführt werden kann. Das Verschwinden der Symptomatik wird aber erst mit dem Mittel erreicht, das die verschiedenen Ebenen des Erkrankungszustands, das heißt von der körperlichen bis zur Geistes- und Gemütsebene, in der Ähnlichkeit abdeckt. Wenn auch der vom Behandelnden individuell gewählte Ausgangsblickwinkel für die Fallanalyse auf jeder Ebene gewählt werden kann, muss er sich doch für die Mittelwahl immer wieder weiten zum Überblick über die gesamte Symptomatik.
S2k Leitlinie Autoimmune Lebererkrankungen
Authors:   Authors,   Collaborators:,   Externe Begutachtung durch:,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) (federführend),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin (DGIM),   Deutsche M. Crohn/Colitis ulcerosa Vereinigung (DCCV),   Deutsche Leberhilfe e.V.,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin (DEGUM),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Endoskopie und Bildgebende Verfahren (DGE-BV),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (DGKJ),   Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie (GPGE),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh),   Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft (DRG),   Deutsche Transplantationsgesellschaft (DTG),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pathologie (DGP) und Bundesverband Deutscher Pathologen (BDP),   Österreichische Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie (ÖGG),   Schweizer Gastroenterologische Gesellschaft (SGG)
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDiese Leitlinie wurde unter Federführung der DGVS und mit Beteiligung benachbarter Fachgebiete erstellt und soll als praktische Hilfe für die Diagnostik und Therapie der Autoimmunen Lebererkrankungen dienen. Sie soll den aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft darstellen, das Erkennen der Erkrankung fördern und die Behandlung der Patienten verbessern.
Psychoonkologie in der Palliativmedizin
Authors: Weißflog Gregor , Mehnert Anja 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungPsychologische Interventionen und klinisch-psychologische Tätigkeit in der (frühen) Palliativversorgung umfassen ein breites Spektrum an
Aufgaben. Dazu gehören die Reduktion psychosozialer Belastungen und die Aufrechterhaltung der Lebensqualität der Patienten und ihrer
Angehörigen. Patienten und ihre Familien sollen bei ihrem Umgang mit der Vielzahl an belastenden Gefühlen, die eng mit der physischen
Symptombelastung und der Verschlechterung der Krankheit zusammenhängen, unterstützt werden. Zu diesen Gefühlen gehören beispielsweise die
Angst vor dem Tod und dem Sterben, Gefühle der Isolation, Traurigkeit, Depression oder Verzweiflung. Weitere psychologische Interventionen
fokussieren auf die Behandlung von Problemen, die mit Veränderungen der Beziehungen und sozialen Rollen, zunehmender Abhängigkeit,
schwierigen Entscheidungsfindungen, einem beeinträchtigten Funktionsstatus sowie mit existenziellen Fragen wie die Suche nach Sinn im Leben,
Hoffnung, Würde, Trauer und Spiritualität verbunden sind. Die psychologische Versorgung als Teil eines teamorientierten
Palliativversorgungsansatzes muss hierfür zeitlich flexibel und auf der Basis einer Vielzahl an psychotherapeutischen Methoden
einschließlich nonverbaler und kultureller Kompetenzen umgesetzt werden.
Is Venlafaxine More Effective than Escitalopram and Nortriptyline in the Management of Painful Symptoms in Patients with Major Depression?
Authors: Jaracz Jan , Gattner Karolina , Jaracz Krystyna , Górna Krystyna , Moczko Jerzy , Hauser Joanna 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background Conflicting data regarding the efficacy of antidepressants of different mechanism of action on unexplained painful physical symptoms (UPPS) in depression have been published so far.
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the impact of escitalopram (ESC), nortriptyline (NOR), and venlafaxine (VEN) on UPPS in patients with major depression.
Materials and methods Sixty patients, participants in the GENDEP study, with a diagnosis of depression according to the ICD-10 criteria were randomly assigned to treatment with ESC (10–30 mg, mean dose 15.2, standard deviation [SD]±9.2) or NOR (50–150 mg, mean dose 106.2, SD±8.2). Additionally, 30 patients who were treated with VEN (75–225 mg, mean dose 181.3, SD±8.8) were included. Before inclusion (day 0) and throughout the study (days 14, 28, 42, 56), the severity of pain was monitored using the visual analog scale.
Results The patients treated with ESC, NOR, and VEN did not differ in the intensity of pain at days 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56.
Conclusion Our results do not support the hypothesis suggesting the superiority of VEN over ESC and NOR in the management of UPPS in major depression.
Crossed transposition in a corpus-based study of motion in English and Spanish
Authors: Labrador Belén 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe present paper reports on a translation-based teaching-oriented study of the expression of path and manner of motion (Talmy 1972) in English and Spanish. The aim is to explore contrastive differences by analysing translations, with special attention to crossed transposition (Molina and Hurtado Albir 2002), which implies a double shift of part-of-speech from the source text to the target text, and is the expected type of transfer between a satellite-framed language like English and a verb-framed language like Spanish. Two corpora have been used, a monolingual corpus of Children’s Short Stories, the CSS-corpus, and a parallel corpus English-Spanish, P-ACTRES 2.0. The results show a high tendency for implicitation of either path or manner and for compression in the translations into Spanish, whereas crossed transposition is preferred in the translations into English. Also, some pedagogical applications are suggested for including these motion expressions in TEFL to young learners through storytelling.
Technology Diffusion, Outcome Variability, and Social Learning: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Kenya
Authors: Crane‐Droesch Andrew 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article explores the mechanisms through which social learning mediates technology diffusion. We exploit an experiment on the dissemination of biochar, a soil amendment that can improve fertility on weathered and/or degraded soils. We find that social networks transmit information about the average benefits of adoption, but also its risk, and that observed variability inhibits uptake to a greater degree than positive average results engender it. Paradoxically, this relationship is stronger among networks that do not discuss farming, but disappears among farmer networks that do. This is resolved with a simple model of social learning about conditional, rather than unconditional benefit distributions. As farmers observe factors associated with outcomes in their networks, they constrain the distribution of their own potential outcomes. This conditional distribution diverges from the unconditional distribution that the econometrician observes. We conclude that social learning is characterized by implicit model‐building by sophisticated decision makers, rather than simple herding towards observed good results.
Sim3C: simulation of Hi-C and Meta3C proximity ligation sequencing technologies
Authors: DeMaere Matthew Z , Darling Aaron E 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Chromosome conformation capture (3C) and Hi-C DNA sequencing methods have rapidly advanced our understanding of the spatial organization of genomes and metagenomes. Many variants of these protocols have been developed, each with their own strengths. Currently there is no systematic means for simulating sequence data from this family of sequencing protocols, potentially hindering the advancement of algorithms to exploit this new datatype.

Findings
We describe a computational simulator that, given simple parameters and reference genome sequences, will simulate Hi-C sequencing on those sequences. The simulator models the basic spatial structure in genomes that is commonly observed in Hi-C and 3C datasets, including the distance-decay relationship in proximity ligation, differences in the frequency of interaction within and across chromosomes, and the structure imposed by cells. A means to model the 3D structure of randomly generated topologically associating domains is provided. The simulator considers several sources of error common to 3C and Hi-C library preparation and sequencing methods, including spurious proximity ligation events and sequencing error.

Conclusions
We have introduced the first comprehensive simulator for 3C and Hi-C sequencing protocols. We expect the simulator to have use in testing of Hi-C data analysis algorithms, as well as more general value for experimental design, where questions such as the required depth of sequencing, enzyme choice, and other decisions can be made in advance in order to ensure adequate statistical power with respect to experimental hypothesis testing.
Echinocandin prophylaxis in patients undergoing haematopoietic cell transplantation and other treatments for haematological malignancies
Authors: Epstein David J , Seo Susan K , Brown Janice M , Papanicolaou Genovefa A 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Antifungal prophylaxis is the standard of care for patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy for haematological malignancy or haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Prophylaxis with azoles reduces invasive fungal infections and may reduce mortality. However, breakthrough infections still occur, and the use of azoles is sometimes complicated by pharmacokinetic variability, drug interactions, adverse events and other issues. Echinocandins are highly active against Candida species, including some organisms resistant to azoles, and have some clinical activity against Aspergillus species as well. Although currently approved echinocandins require daily intravenous administration, the drugs have a favourable safety profile and more predictable pharmacokinetics than mould-active azoles. Clinical data support the efficacy and safety of echinocandins for antifungal prophylaxis in haematology and HCT patients, though data are less robust than for azoles. Notably, sparse evidence exists supporting the use of echinocandins as antifungal prophylaxis for patients with significant graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after HCT. Two drugs that target (1,3)-β-d-glucan are in development, including an oral glucan synthase inhibitor and an echinocandin with unique pharmacokinetics permitting subcutaneous and weekly administration. Echinocandins are a reasonable alternative to azoles and other agents for antifungal prophylaxis in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy for haematological malignancy or those receiving HCT, excluding those with significant GvHD.