bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggression as risk factor of delinquent behaviour (gender aspect)
Authors: Bokhan N. , Abolonin A. , Nazarova I. 
Published: May 2016

In many studies it is noted that common traits of aggressive adolescents are frustration, dissatisfaction with social environment; emotional coarseness, hostility against people around. Substance abuse leads to restructuring the motifs and gender roles. Heightened aggression of offenders as compared with common people is noted.ObjectiveTo study characteristics of aggression of male and female offenders with substance dependence.Materials and methodsOne hundred and fifty-five male and 110 female adolescents abusing psychoactive substances and serving their sentence were examined. “Hand-test” and Buss-Durkee questionnaire were used in this study.ResultsDuring comparison of number of offences committed by male and female adolescents, it was revealed that male adolescents commit significantly more crimes against life and female adolescents more crimes against property. Conducted analysis showed high level of aggressive and hostile reactions in this sample, indices of female adolescents (13.7 ± 2.95 and 27.6 ± 5.5) are significantly higher (P < 0.05), than in male adolescents (8.6 ± 2.8 and 23.6 ± 5.3). Significant correlations between level of aggression in female adolescents and beginning of substance use were revealed (r = 0.46, P < 0.05). In male adolescents, long-term substance use correlated with increase in level of physical aggression and tendency to manipulative behaviour (r = 0.37, P < 0.05). In male adolescents, high potential of adjustability, use of communication for self-assertion and achievement of goals, low level of attachment were revealed. Female adolescents are more aggressive in contacts, build relationships according to type of control-submission.DiscussionConducted study allowed revealing gender traits of juvenile offenders influencing the structure of aggressive behaviour, allowing the broadening the understanding of mechanisms of aggressive behaviour.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A major depression or a bipolar disorder type 2? A cased-focussed psycopathological and psychophysiological challenge for a resident
Authors: Targa I. , Soler J. , Alemany T. Gómez 
Published: May 2016

A 41-year-old woman is diagnosed with a major depression after a few weeks of having been operated of a stomach reduction (bariatric surgery). She goes into old antidepressant medication for a few weeks with an increasing worsening of her state, at the point she is sent to the emergency room with high irritability, intense agitation, suicide thoughts as the highlight symptoms of what we think to be a mixed episode of a bipolar disorder and how we orient the case during hospitalization. The patient follows both public and private psychiatric services and after discharge from acute hospitalization, still with residual depressions symptoms, her private psychiatrist substitutes the given treatment, including mood stabilizers, by only antidepressants. Two weeks after discharge from the hospital, the patient is relocated to our partial hospitalization resource. During her stay in our resource, we decide to keep the new treatment and diagnosis and increase the dosage of one of the antidepressants, which immediately yields to hypomania symptoms, at what we conclude that our patient is better treated as a bipolar type II with a mood stabilizer and low doses of an SRI. We find this to be an interesting case in the both psychopathological and psychophysiological point of view. To understand the case beyond clinical diagnosis, we discuss profoundly whether the bariatric surgery may have a role as a trigger.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The impact of illness variables of a sample of ADHD children on their parents
Authors: Abdelhameed M. , Hassan M. , Abdelfadeel N. , Abdelshaheed M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe symptoms and behavior of children with ADHD impose demands and difficulties on part of their caring parents, which may cause the latter group to suffer psychological stress.ObjectivesThe study of the suffering and symptomatic expression of psychological stress in parents of children with ADHD.AimsTo study type and severity of symptoms in children with ADHD and the effect of that on the stress response of their parents.MethodsThirty-seven children with ADHD diagnosed clinically and with Conner's Test were studied using Child Behavior Chick List (CBCL). Available parents for each child were interviewed and studied with Symptom Chick List 90 Revised (SCL90R). Two control groups were used for both ADHD children and their parents.ResultsThe mean age of the children with ADHD was 7.1 ± 1.6, they were 22 males and 15 females. Parents of these children scored highly on total and subscales of SCL90R, they were significantly higher than their control group on total and some of these subscales including somatization, interpersonal, depression, paranoid ideation and hostility domains. Depression and paranoid ideation of ADHD children parents were positively and significantly correlated with most of the sub-items of Conner's test of their children. In addition, somatization, depression and hostility of parents were positively and significantly correlated with most of the sub-items of CBCL of their ADHD children.ConclusionsThe symptoms, behavior and severity of illness of children with ADHD have a great impact on their parents’ psychological state of suffering and stress.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Gender dysphoria in USMIJ of Toledo. Report of a case
Authors: González Rivera P. , Hidalgo Borreguero A. , Bolaño Mendoza S. , Soto Laguna M. , Preckler Peña K. , Gonzalez Díaz F.J. , Zafra Villena A. , Perez Castellanos M. , Prados Gómez J. , Alvites Ahumada P. , Perez Asenjo R. , Benito Ruiz A.J. , Perez López A. , Landa Contreras E. , Fernandez-Torija Daza M. 
Published: May 2016

The start of Child and Adolescent attention to gender dysphoria is very recent. In our Unit, it has objectified a growing increase in such demand over recent years.As a typical example would be a patient of 13 years following gender dysphoria begins to present school failure and behavior problems at home with emotional instability.According to the recommendations of the Group Identity and Sexual Differentiation (GIDSEEN) after early detection is to guide parents towards a comprehensive treatment at a specialized interdisciplinary teams and a psychosocial approach to improve the quality of life, decrease mental comorbidity and gender dysphoria own. Having no such care in our community has been necessary to make a referral to another community to attend this demand.Currently it is giving adequate attention to these cases, but except for referral to another community. However, as we are seeing progression care in our area in the future could be feasible. Therefore, we consider as a first step dysphoria quantify each case in our area.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Disturbed sleep and activity as early signs of ADHD in preschool children
Authors: Bundgaard A.K. , Bilenberg N. , Asmussen J. , Munk Jørgensen P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAttention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) is the most frequent psychiatric disorder present in childhood, and sleep-problems are a prominent, pervasive and clinically important feature of ADHD. Our understanding of whether sleep-problems mimic or exacerbate daytime ADHD-symptom expression remains insufficient. Furthermore we lack knowledge about the connection between objective measuring and subjective observations in children with early symptoms of ADHD.ObjectiveFuture research that examines sleep-problems and daily activity in very young children with and without ADHD-like symptoms might help us identify early risk factors and achieve a better understanding of the importance of sleep in ADHD.AimsTo investigate if sleep-problems and activity level during day time is associated with early signs of ADHD.MethodsA sample of 50 preschool children ages 2–3 and their parents recruited in a birth cohort are invited to participate and divided into two groups of 25 cases and 25 controls based on ADHD-symptom score. An actigraph on the child's non-dominant wrist measures sleep and daily activity. Sleep-latency, total sleep time and awakenings are examined. Moderate-to-vigorous-activity (MVPA) is the measure for daily activity. Subjective observations from parents are provided through questionnaires. Furthermore we examine the stability of the sleep problem score from child behavior checklist, which parents fulfilled when their child was 27 months old and again at the age of 5.ResultsThe results will be presented at the EPA March 2016 in Madrid.ConclusionResults from this study together with other findings of risk factors in the cohort may lead to a preschool ADHD risk-index, which can guide future early intervention.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Strange behavior as defense mechanism related to sensorial impairment in autism
Authors: Cancino Botello M.C. , Peña Serrano A. , Canseco Navarro M.D.L.A. , Hernández Sánchez J.M. , Molina López F. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSo far, autism etiology is not known yet, it is believed that is due a combination of neurobiological, structural, genetic and environmental factors. This disorder is characterized by social interaction and communication impairments and presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors. Some authors have spoken about Sensorial Perception Theory that tries to explain how sensorial impairment of people with autism causes “strange” conducts, as a protective mechanism to stimuli they perceive as disturbing.ObjectivesTo highlight the role of sensorial perception in people with autism in their way of interacting over the environment.Methodsystematic review of the literature in English (PubMed), with the following keywords: “Autism”, “sensory perception”, and “Asperger syndrome”.ResultsAccording to Sensorial Perception Theory, people with autism perceive sensorial information from environment in different ways. It is believed that each sense operates as a hyper or hyposensitive sense, according to the intensity and the moment the stimulus is produced. This fact provokes “abnormal” responses as repetitive or restricted behavior, in order to protect themselves form the disturbing stimuli.ConclusionsSensorial hyper o hyposensitive may be related to the strange behavior that can be present in people with autism. If we could interpret such conducts, we will be able to imagine how patients are perceiving the world and then we could help them to develop strategies in order to function more properly.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychiatric symptoms in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Gonçalves M. , Pinho C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by abnormal airways secretions, chronic endobronchial infection, and progressive airway obstruction. In Portugal is estimated 30–40 born children with CF per year. The prognosis of CF has changed over the last decade, death in childhood is now rare, and children born today are likely to have a mean life expectancy of over 40–50 years. An understanding of the psychiatric aspects of CF is more important than ever.MethodsReview published and referenced scientific articles on MedLine/PubMed.ResultsResearchers found CF can affect the patient and their family in many ways. Physical and social restrictions, the rigorous medical regimen, hospital admissions, concerns about illness, and uncertainties of the future can create anxiety and depression in patients and parent alike. They also may have problems with interpersonal relationships resulting in isolation and social maladjustment. Some studies also reported an increased risk of develop an insecure attachment and less adapted eating behaviors. The essential responsibilities of psychiatrist are: evaluating the psychiatric effects of living with CF, comprehensive assessment and intervention when emotional, behavioural and psychological difficulties arise and providing support.ConclusionsAwareness of types of emotional strain experienced by these children and their families can be of use to avert potential problems which may seriously impair therapeutic effectiveness and the patient's well being. Management requires an interdisciplinary team to maximise longevity and quality of life. All patients and their families must be offered the opportunity to meet with a Child and adolescents psychiatrist.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Catatonic features in adolescence: Interfaces with affective disorders
Authors: Peixoto I. , Santos C. , Sousa M. , Pimenta S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCatatonia is a potentially life-threatening but treatable neuropsychiatric syndrome. The prevalence of catatonia in children and adolescents is probably underestimated since investigation on this matter is still lacking. Different studies have led to the recognition of catatonia as a separate psychiatric entity, as reflected in DSM-5, renewing interest on this subject. While in the adult population there is evidence highlighting the strong association between catatonia and affective disorders, this has been poorly reflected in child and adolescent psychiatry literature. In fact, most of the research in this population focuses on associations with organic, psychotic or developmental disorders.ObjectivesWe aim to illustrate the diagnostic challenges when facing an adolescent with catatonia encompassing psychiatric, neurologic and immunologic factors known as possible causes for this condition. We aim to explain the diagnostic procedure and the possible clinical results of this workup, as well as raise the discussion around treatment options.MethodsWe used a clinical case vignette of a 14-year-old adolescent, presenting with a stress-induced catatonic syndrome and depressive symptoms without any prior organic or psychiatric condition. We reviewed the most relevant literature in order to contextualize our clinical case.Results and conclusionCatatonia is an under-recognized condition in children and adolescents without a prior medical or psychiatric condition, especially when associated with affective disorders. The inclusion of catatonia as a specific syndrome in the psychiatric nosography may help its recognition. Case reports on this matter are therefore especially important as a way of pushing clinical investigation on this matter forward.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychological responses to traumas of children younger than 6 years old diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Stankovic M. , Grbesa G. , Simonovic M. , Kostic J. , Ilic N. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCriterion A2 causes many controversies in the diagnostic process of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among young children. Depending on the manner in which the trauma is indirectly experienced, clinical picture of disorder could be formed by different groups of symptoms. Profiles of symptoms groups are dependent of children ability to speak, describe or of play observation by expert.MethodsThe study included 8 children younger than 6 with PTSD diagnosis. Children were observed in a routine clinical practice.ResultsExaminees under the age of six, whose can describe traumatic event, produce symptoms that represent compaction of a traumatic event, associated with fantasies and meanings related to previous traumatic experiences. Reexperiencing symptoms associated with A2 criterion (intrusive thoughts, images, scenes of the traumatic event, recurring nightmares with oneiric sequences of the accident) were rare. Avoidance and inhibited reactions were attributable.DiscussionManners in which children younger than 6 experienced the trauma shows a large range from florid symptoms stated by the existing accepted classification. The results point out possible multifactorial cause of PTSD etiology.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Temperament and resilience of children of alcohol dependent individuals
Authors: Thanikachalam C. , Dhandapani A. , Choudhury S. , Sankaran A. , Subramaniam E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionChildren of alcohol dependent individuals are affected by disturbed parent-child relationship and exhibit externalizing symptoms, arrhythmicity, negative mood and low persistence.ObjectivesTo assess the temperament and resilience of children of alcohol dependent individuals and to study their relationship with the father's severity and problems of alcohol intake.AimsTo assess the psychological profile of children of alcohol dependent individuals.MethodsCross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care centre from January to August 2015. Severity of alcohol dependence in father and problems related to it was assessed using ‘short alcohol dependence data’ and ‘alcohol problems questionnaire’; the temperament and resilience of their children (n = 31) was assessed using ‘temperament measurement schedule’ and ‘strengths and difficulties questionnaire’ respectively.ResultsThe sample comprised of 48% boys and 52% girls with mean age (SD) of 9.32 (3.02) years. Eighty-one percent belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Their fathers’ mean age (SD) was 37.13(4.9) years and duration of alcohol dependence being 16.32 (5.7) years, average use/day being 19.19 (14.9) units with moderate (45.2%) to high (41.9%) dependence. Significant association was observed between severity of alcohol dependence and temperamental domain-threshold of responsiveness (χ2 = 17.272, P value = 0.002) (Fig. 1). The average units of alcohol consumed/day were a significant predictor for the presence of emotional problems in the child (OR = 30.12; 95%CI 1.33–677.86).ConclusionThere's a significant association between father's alcohol use and child's psychopathology which indicates the need for preventive and curative mental health measures.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Understanding of self-harm behaviour in adolescents
Authors: Santric L. , Razic Pavicic A. , Vuk A. , Tomac A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe incidence and prevalence of self-harm behaviour, with or without suicidal intent, is on the rise, both in other countries as well as in Croatia. Understanding the nature of patients who show self-harm behaviour can help us to better understand the components that contribute to their morbidity and mortality.ObjectivesTo expand the understanding of self-harm behaviour in adolescents as a contribution to the planning and implementation of preventive and curative programs.AimsTo explore the psychopathological characteristics of adolescents with and without self-harm behaviour who seek psychiatric help for their mental health problems.MethodsIn this study participated 150 adolescents, aged 14–18 years, of which 52% showed some form of self-harm behaviour. During the initial examination of child and adolescent psychiatrist, participants completed self-reported questionnaires: functional assessment of self-mutilation (FASM, 1997) and the youth self report (YSR, 2001).ResultsStatistically significant difference between groups of female adolescents with and without self-harm behaviour was observed in all of eight problem scales, while in male adolescents it was observed in five of them. This indicates considerably higher level of psychopathological features in the group of patients with self-harm behaviour.ConclusionsIt is necessary to intensify monitoring of adolescents who show self-harm behaviour because of the overall level of psychopathological symptoms and the comorbidity which significantly complicates the therapeutic process. It is particularly important to continuously assess the suicide risk.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Evolution of diagnostic frequency in schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Acute Psychiatric Unit in Barcelona
Authors: Grifell M. , Galindo L. , Campillo M. , Gonzalez L. , Palomo A. , Diez-aja C. , Grau A. , San-Emeterio L. , Ibarra M. , Sanchez R. , Martín L.M. , García L. , Orejas O. , Salvador T. , Manteca H. , Pérez V. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSeveral studies have suggested variations in the prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum disorders diagnosis across time. This could be due to a change in diagnostic practice motivated either for changes in DSM criteria as for local culture factors. The aim of this study is to explore the evolution of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We hypothesize that we would observe a transference from the schizophrenia diagnosis to psychosis not otherwise specified.MethodsA retrospective review of all psychiatric discharges in acute unit in the INAD of Parc de Salut Mar of Barcelona, between 2002 and 2014 was performed, relating each discharge to its axis I psychiatric diagnostic. An ANOVA analysis was used to calculate the differences between the months and the frequency of the diagnosis.ConclusionWe have not been able to observe any transference between diagnoses across years. We observe a decrease of the proportion of schizophrenic spectrum disorders in its prevalence at discharge from 2012 to 2014. The proportion of not otherwise specified psychosis remains quite constant as a third of the schizophrenia diagnoses.Disclosure of interestThe authors report no conflict of interest in this study. LG is funded by the Instituto.de.Salud.Carlos.III (CM14/00111).
Clinical and functional impact of differences between the diagnostic criteria of DSM IV-TR and DSM V for mental retardation: A case report
Authors: Navarro B. , Torres M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe new edition of the DSM has introduced some changes involving differences, sometimes significant, in the conceptualization and classification of mental pathology. One of the most important has been the case of mental retardation.Objectives and aimsDiscuss, with a clinical and pragmatic perspective, the relevance of those changes in the diagnosis and classification of mental retardation in DSM.MethodsA 45-year-old woman diagnosed with mental retardation is admitted in a psychiatric rehabilitation unit for behavioral disorders and psychotic symptoms. Once controlled the symptoms and studied the patient, a disability not corresponding with the diagnosis presented (mild mental retardation according to DSM IV) is shown. Clinicians start a reevaluation of the diagnosis.ResultsA comprehensive rehabilitation program according to the pathology and deterioration of the patient is designed. With the diagnosis review is possible to find new resources and community programs, better fit for the patient needs.ConclusionsDSM V changes in mental retardation diagnosis and classification allows a better perspective of the disease and its impact of functionality.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.