bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arterio‐venous anastomoses in isolated, perfused rat lungs
Authors: Conhaim Robert L. , Segal Gilad S. , Watson Kal E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSeveral studies have suggested that large‐diameter (>25 μm) arterio‐venous shunt pathways exist in the lungs of rats, dogs, and humans. We investigated the nature of these pathways by infusing specific‐diameter fluorescent latex particles (4, 7, 15, 30, or 50 μm) into isolated, ventilated rat lungs perfused at constant pressure. All lungs received the same mass of latex (5 mg), which resulted in infused particle numbers that ranged from 1.7 × 107 4 μm particles to 7.5 × 104 50 μm particles. Particles were infused over 2 min. We used a flow cytometer to count particle appearances in venous effluent samples collected every 0.5 min for 12 min from the start of particle infusion. Cumulative percentages of infused particles that appeared in the samples averaged 3.17 ± 2.46% for 4 μm diameter particles, but ranged from 0.01% to 0.17% for larger particles. Appearances of 4 μm particles followed a rapid upslope beginning at 30 sec followed by a more gradual downslope that lasted for up to 12 min. All other particle diameters also began to appear at 30 sec, but followed highly irregular time courses. Infusion of 7 and 15 μm particles caused transient but significant perfusate flow reductions, while infusion of all other diameters caused insignificant reductions in flow. We conclude that small numbers of bypass vessels exist that can accommodate particle diameters of 7‐to‐50 μm. We further conclude that our 4 μm particle data are consistent with a well‐developed network of serial and parallel perfusion pathways at the acinar level.
Asymmetries of the Lower Limb: The Calculation Conundrum in Strength Training and Conditioning
Authors: Bishop Chris , Read Paul , Chavda Shyam , Turner Anthony 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
ASYMMETRY DETECTION HAS BEEN A TOPIC OF INTEREST IN THE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING (SC) LITERATURE WITH NUMEROUS STUDIES PROPOSING MANY DIFFERENT EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATING BETWEEN-LIMB DIFFERENCES. HOWEVER, THERE DOES NOT SEEM TO BE A CLEAR DELINEATION AS TO WHICH EQUATION SHOULD BE USED WHEN QUANTIFYING ASYMMETRIES. CONSEQUENTLY, THE AUTHORS HAVE UNCOVERED 9 DIFFERENT EQUATIONS THAT POSE CONFUSION AS TO WHICH METHOD THE SC SPECIALIST SHOULD USE DURING DATA INTERPRETATION. THE AIM OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT EQUATIONS CURRENTLY BEING USED TO CALCULATE ASYMMETRIES AND OFFER PRACTITIONERS A GUIDE AS TO WHICH METHOD MAY BE MOST APPROPRIATE WHEN MEASURING ASYMMETRIES.
Non‐invasive lung cancer diagnosis by detection ofGATA6andNKX2‐1isoforms in exhaled breath condensate
Authors: Mehta Aditi , Cordero Julio , Dobersch Stephanie , Romero‐Olmedo Addi J , Savai Rajkumar , Bodner Johannes , Chao Cho‐Ming , Fink Ludger , Guzmán‐Díaz Ernesto , Singh Indrabahadur , Dobreva Gergana , Rapp Ulf R , Günther Stefan , Ilinskaya Olga N , Bellusci Saverio , Dammann Reinhard H , Braun Thomas , Seeger Werner , Gattenlöhner Stefan , Tresch Achim , Günther Andreas , Barreto Guillermo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. EarlyLCdiagnosis is crucial to reduce the high case fatality rate of this disease. In this case–control study, we developed an accurateLCdiagnosis test using retrospectively collected formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) human lung tissues and prospectively collected exhaled breath condensates (EBCs). Following international guidelines for diagnostic methods with clinical application, reproducible standard operating procedures (SOP) were established for every step comprising ourLCdiagnosis method. We analyzed the expression of distinctmRNAs expressed fromGATA6andNKX2‐1, key regulators of lung development. The Em/Ad expression ratios ofGATA6andNKX2‐1detected inEBCs were combined using linear kernel support vector machines (SVM) into theLCscore, which can be used forLCdetection.LCscore‐based diagnosis achieved a high performance in an independent validation cohort. We propose our method as a non‐invasive, accurate, and low‐price option to complement the success of computed tomography imaging (CT) and chest X‐ray (CXR) forLCdiagnosis.
Inferring Heterozygosity from Ancient and Low Coverage Genomes
Authors: Kousathanas Athanasios , Leuenberger Christoph , Link Vivian , Sell Christian , Burger Joachim , Wegmann Daniel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhile genetic diversity can be quantified accurately from high coverage sequencing data, it is often desirable to obtain such estimates from data with low coverage, either to save costs or because of low DNA quality, as is observed for ancient samples. Here, we introduce a method to accurately infer heterozygosity probabilistically from sequences with average coverage &lt;1× of a single individual. The method relaxes the infinite sites assumption of previous methods, does not require a reference sequence, except for the initial alignment of the sequencing data, and takes into account both variable sequencing errors and potential postmortem damage. It is thus also applicable to nonmodel organisms and ancient genomes. Since error rates as reported by sequencing machines are generally distorted and require recalibration, we also introduce a method to accurately infer recalibration parameters in the presence of postmortem damage. This method does not require knowledge about the underlying genome sequence, but instead works with haploid data (e.g., from the X-chromosome from mammalian males) and integrates over the unknown genotypes. Using extensive simulations we show that a few megabasepairs of haploid data are sufficient for accurate recalibration, even at average coverages as low as 1×. At similar coverages, our method also produces very accurate estimates of heterozygosity down to 10−4 within windows of about 1 Mbp. We further illustrate the usefulness of our approach by inferring genome-wide patterns of diversity for several ancient human samples, and we found that 3000–5000-year-old samples showed diversity patterns comparable to those of modern humans. In contrast, two European hunter-gatherer samples exhibited not only considerably lower levels of diversity than modern samples, but also highly distinct distributions of diversity along their genomes. Interestingly, these distributions were also very different between the two samples, supporting earlier conclusions of a highly diverse and structured population in Europe prior to the arrival of farming.
La ciudad perfecta
Authors: Mejías Cubero Rodolfo 
Published: November 2016

Resumen Hoy, más que nunca, la ciudad sufre de grandes paradojas que hacen que esta se enfrente a nuevos escenarios políticos. La configuración de las ciudades que hoy vemos no es producto de la casualidad, son el reflejo de los sistemas de organización política que desde el origen de las primitivas asociaciones de homínidos la han moldeado. Este artículo busca ofrecer al lector una interpretación crítica de la teoría política de Aristóteles, y cómo se puede visualizar esta en la organización de las primeras ciudades mediterráneas, y cómo un escenario de organización política modela las relaciones de la con guración urbana en la búsqueda de la ciudad perfecta. AbstractToday, more than ever, the city suffers from great paradoxes that confront it with new political scenarios. The configuration of the cities we see today is not the result of chance, but rather a reflection of political organization systems that since the origin of primitive hominid associations have molded them. This article seeks to offer the reader a critical interpretation of Aristotle’s political theory, and as you can visualize this in the organization of the first Mediterranean cities, and as a stage of political organization which has modeled relationships of urban settings in search of perfect city.
Construcción sensible del paisaje
Authors: Braceli Miguel 
Published: November 2016

Resumen La obra de Miguel Braceli muestra una reflexión sobre el espacio que trasciende las fronteras de lo que usualmente se entiende como espacio arquitectónico. El registro fotográfico de las instalaciones efímeras que se incluye en esta reseña revela un trabajo sobre el territorio y el paisaje que desmonta los principios de estabilidad, permanencia y robustez que se le asocian al quehacer arquitectónico. En este sentido, la obra de Miguel Braceli se considera relevante para la discusión sobre a la dimensión temporal del espacio y las funciones lúdicas y experimentales de este tipo de proyecto sobre el espacio. AbstractThe work of Miguel Braceli demonstrates a consideration about space that transcends the boundaries of what is usually understood as architectural space. The photographic record of ephemeral installations included in this review reveals a work about the territory and landscape that dismantles the principles of stability, permanence and robustness that are associated with the architectural work. In this sense, the work of Miguel Braceli is considered relevant to the discussion around the temporal dimension of space and playful and experimental features of this type of project on space.
Teknik Peningkatan Performa Enzim Asal Mikroba Laut yang Tidak dapat dikultur
Authors: Uria Agustinus Robert , Zilda Dewi Seswita , Fawzya Yusro Nuri 
Published: November 2016

Tingginya keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan mikroba laut menunjukkan potensinya sebagai sumber paling menjanjikan untuk penemuan produk alami yang bernilai industri. Di antara berbagai bentuk produk alami, enzim termasuk paling diminati dalam dunia industri baik dalam industri kimia, farmasi maupun makanan. Hal ini berkenaan dengan peranannya sebagai katalis yang ramah lingkungan, ekonomis dan bersih (Wahler & Reymond, 2011).
MODEL PRODUKSI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF MELALUI KULTUR SEL PADA SPONS Dysidea avara
Authors: Nursid Muhammad , Chasanah Ekowati 
Published: November 2016

Spons merupakan hewan multiseluler yang paling sederhana sekaligus merupakan sumber senyawa bioaktif yang sangat berguna di dalam bidang farmasi. Senyawa-senyawa baru yang sangat beragam sudah banyak yang diisolasi dari spons. Kesulitan utama dalam memproduksi senyawa obat baru dari spons adalah kurang mencukupinya jumlah senyawa bioaktif yang dihasilkan spons untuk keperluan uji preklinis dan klinis karena rendemen yang dihasilkan sangat rendah. Artikel ini merupakan tinjauan terhadap metode kultur sel spons untuk memproduksi senyawa bioaktif dalam rangka mengatasi masalah suplai senyawa bioaktif yang diuji. Produksi senyawa avarol dari kultur primmorph spons Dysidea avara dibahas dalam review ini. Avarol dilaporkan memiliki bioaktivitas yang kuat sebagai substansi antitumor, antibakteri, dan antivirus. Model pendekatan melalui kultur primmorph dapat digunakan sebagai cara yang menjanjikan untuk memproduksi senyawa bioaktif dari spons.
PERBANDINGAN BEBERAPA METODE ANALISIS HISTAMIN UNTUK PRODUK PERIKANAN
Authors: Januar Hedi Indra 
Published: November 2016

Studi ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan beberapa metode dalam penentuan kadar amina biogenik histamin. Diketahui, kadar histamin merupakan salah satu parameter yang penting sebagai standar kualitas produk perikanan. Metode yang dibandingkan meliputi metode menggunakan spektrofluorometri, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), dan Capillary Electrophoresis/Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CE/CZE). Hasil perbandingan menunjukkan bahwa baik dari sisi ketidakpastian yang mungkin ditimbulkan dari metodenya serta hasil uji kelayakan laboratorium di Eropa, metode HPLC derivatisasi post-kolom merupakan metode yang optimal saat ini untuk menentukan kadar histamin secara kuantitatif. Akan tetapi, untuk pertimbangan efisiensi waktu, maka studi ini mengusulkan bahwa penggabungan metode ELISA kualitatif dan HPLC kuantitatif sangat baik dijadikan sebagai standar metode penentuan histamin di laboratorium pengujian produk perikanan.
PENGEMBANGAN DRUG DISCOVERY DARI BAHAN ALAMI LAUT UNTUK IMUNOTERAPI KANKER
Authors: Dewi Ariyanti Suhita 
Published: November 2016

Penyakit kanker adalah permasalahan kesehatan global yang mengancam setiap individu baik di negara maju maupun di negara berkembang. Penanganan kanker sejauh ini dilakukan berdasarkan metode konvensional yang cenderung menurunkan kualitas hidup para penderitanya. Pendekatan imunoterapi kanker adalah suatu metode pengobatan kanker dengan cara menstimulasi sistem kekebalan hidup pasien untuk melawan tumor melalui regulasi enzim-enzim yang berperan penting pada jalur molekuler tertentu dengan tujuan untuk meminimalisasi terjadinya efek samping yang tidak diinginkan yang umumnya terjadi pada terapi konvensional. Beberapa target molekuler telah dikembangkan saat ini, diantaranya adalah penghambatan enzim Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) dan pengaktifan enzim SHIP (SH2-containing-inositol-5-phosphatase). Senyawa-senyawa bioaktif dari bahan alam laut yang telah dilaporkan sebagai regulator kedua enzim di atas akan dijabarkan.
IDENTIFICATION AND CULTIVATION OF MFW 23-08 ISOLATED FROM MARINE SPONGES FOR BIOACTIVE COMPOUND PRODUCTION
Authors: Chasanah Ekowati , Pratitis Asri , Mangunwardoyo Wibowo 
Published: November 2016

Production of marine bioactive compound for commercial usage has been hampered due tothe problem of raw material supply. To overcome this, marine microbes especially those associatedwith the bioactive-compound producer biota, has been explored as bioactive sources, with severaladvantages such as shorter production time, cheaper production cost and avoiding over exploitationof marine biota sources. Previous research showed that fungi MFW 23-08 was one of the potentialisolates from Wakatobi sponges which produced bioactive compounds that was active againstbreast cancer cell line and as antioxidant. This study was intended to identify MFW 23-08 andoptimize the production of its bioactive compound through optimization of MFW 23-08 culture.Culture optimization was conducted using 3 liquid media, i.e. malt extract broth (MEB), glucosepeptone yeast (GPY), and minimal fungal media (MFM), and cultivation periods, i.e. 2, 4, 6, 8, and10 wk. Results revealed that MFW 23-08 crude extract of 2 wk-MFM cultivation, at the concentrationof 30 μg/ml, was able to retard 87% breast cancer (T47D) cell growth. While at concentration of100 μg/ml, the 6 wk. MEB cultivated extract was able to hamper free radicals (56%). However, thecrude extract from MFM media cultivation, in the concentration of 50 and 100 μg/ml was not able toinhibit Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus growth. Based on molecular identificationusing ITS1-ITS4 primers, MFW 23-08 isolate was 99% similar to Penicillium citrinum, P.griseofolvum and Penicillium sp.
Role of Pregabalin in Management of Pruritus: A Literature Review
Authors: Foroutan Nazanin , Nikvarz Naemeh 
Published: November 2016

Pruritus can be one of the distressing symptoms of many dermatologic, systemic, neurologic or psychiatric disorders. In each case, the origin of itch is in the skin and/or the nervous system. Involvement of the nervous system causes neurogenic, psychogenic or neuropathic itch. Itch sensation is transferred to the central nervous system via unmyelinated C-type nerve fibers, and many mediators and receptors engage in the its induction and transmission. Also it has been demonstrated that there are similarities and interactions between neurotransmitters and pathways of pain and itch sensation. Hence, effective drugs in reducing the neuropathic pain such as pregabalin have been studied and used in the management of different itchy conditions. In this narrative review we considered the available published papers dealing with the antipruritic effects of pregabalin. Results of studies conducted in uremic patients show that pregabalin is an effective option in reducing uremic pruritus especially in those who have not responded to antihistamines and topical moisturizers. Data about the effects of pregabalin on other itchy conditions are very limited; however results of the available studies show beneficial effects of this drug in burn patients with more than 5% involvement of the total body surface area, in prurigo nodularis, and in chronic and idiopathic itch. One considerable issue is that the therapeutic effects of pregabalin on uremic pruritus and post burn itch may appear more rapidly than its effects in the other conditions (1-2 weeks vs > 4 weeks). The most reported adverse effects of pregabalin are sedation, dizziness and drowsiness. Whether pregablin can be unequivocally considered as an effective and reasonable choice in the management of pruritus with different causes is a question that should be answered through large scale randomized controlled studies.
Teaching the Working Alliance: Bridging the Gap Between Counseling Microskills and Establishing Meaningful and Productive Relationships
Authors: Connor Annemarie , Leahy Michael J. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:This article conceptualizes teaching alliance as a framework to guide educators in teaching the affective components of working alliance (WA) through enhanced student–teacher relationships and augmented curricular focus on therapeutic bonds.Method:Drawing on the extant literature, and integrating counseling and educational theory, this article reviews the origins and evolution of the WA, conceptualizing WA as an evidence-based practice, counselor competency, and hallmark of professional identity.Results:Teaching alliance pedagogies are conceptualized across the curriculum, in clinical supervision, and as an innovative course designed to deepen understanding of the cognitively complex, affective components of WA. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for research, education, and practice.Conclusion:Early and increased curricular focus on the nondirective aspects of the teacher–student relationship offers promise in facilitating students’ self-actualizing tendencies and the ultimate achievement of counselor competence and strong professional identity.
Campus Solidarity Campaign: Developing a Program to Promote an Environment of Solidarity and Support on College Campuses for Students With Mental Illness
Authors: Kosyluk Kristin A. , Corrigan Patrick W. , Jones Nev , James Drexler , Abelson Sara , Malmon Alison 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:The aim of this work was to develop a campaign to promote an environment of solidarity and support on college campuses for students with mental illnesses.Method:Data were gathered from 24 members of a Chicago university campus who were selected as representatives of key campus stakeholder groups including students, administrative staff, counseling center staff, residence life staff, and faculty. Participants attended focus groups and key-informant interviews during the fall of 2011.Results:Qualitative analyses using grounded theory methodology revealed themes corresponding to two distinct overarching constructs: potential benefits of the campaign and potential concerns of the campaign.Conclusion:Development of a campaign informed by these results to promote a supportive environment on college campuses for students with mental illnesses may have a positive impact on students’ outcomes.
Service Use and Satisfaction Following Acquired Brain Injury: A Preliminary Analysis of Family Caregiver Outcomes
Authors: Degeneffe Charles Edmund , Green Richard , Jones Clair 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:The study aimed to understand how use and satisfaction with services following discharge from an acquired brain injury (ABI) acute-care facility related to family caregiver outcomes.Methods:A correlational and descriptive study design was used. Nineteen primary family caregivers of persons recently discharged from an ABI acute-care facility in a large city in the southwestern part of the United States participated.Results:Satisfaction with the services provided during post–acute-care rehabilitation demonstrated medium effect size relationships to family caregiver depression, family dysfunction, and extent of rehabilitation needs met. Service use demonstrated a medium effect size relationship to caregiver family dysfunction.Conclusion:Findings present a call for future research to examine the role of service use and service satisfaction during the continuum of care from acute-care to long-term community integration following ABI.
Por una estética escolar brasileña en la década del 1950:La revista actualidades pedagógicas y las imágenes escolares
Authors: Pereira Marcos Villela , Rios Diogo Franco 
Published: November 2016

La Revista Actualidades Pedagógicas, publicada por la Editorial Nacional en el período de 1950 a 1962, desempeñó un papel importante de divulgación en las instituciones, ideas, investigaciones, en la legislación y propuestas pedagógicas en diferentes áreas de la enseñanza. El presente trabajo realiza un análisis de las imágenes de las rutinas escolares en dos ejemplares de la Revista de Actualidades Pedagógicas publicadas en 1955 y 1960 con la intención de señalar como se configuró la estética escolar en la década mencionada, en Brasil. Durante los doce años de su existencia, la Revista publico imágenes de diversas instituciones escolares, principalmente de la escuela secundaria, contribuyó a la construcción de una estética escolar, en Brasil, en la década del 50’, en plena expansión del sistema educativo. En la mayor parte de las portadas aparecen imágenes de edificios y construcciones que serán presentadas en el cuerpo de cada volumen. Las imágenes seleccionadas de las instituciones en sus diferentes espacios como las aulas, laboratorios, patios, ofrecen al lector una visión de los maestros y estudiantes en sus aspectos que los distinguen como tales. En el análisis de estas imágenes, se puede observar el lugar que ocupó la escuela en la construcción de valores sociales relevantes para una época determinada. Algunos indicios de ese intentó por modular la conciencia estética y moral los encontramos en las representaciones de las aulas, los uniformes y en las prácticas de los estudiantes, en la vestimenta de los profesores, en las imágenes de los laboratorios, y las clases de ciencias y matemática, en las cuales se identifican rasgos signados por la modernización del desarrollismo y el espíritu de la sociedad brasileña. A partir de estas imágenes, tomadas como fuentes históricas, analizamos la vinculación entre la política educativa y la estatización asociada a valores impartidos por la escuela brasileña en la década del 50’. De modo general, se observó que esas imágenes no pudieron mostrar “que no podía estar” a favor de mostrar “lo que debe ser” o “lo que si queríamos que fuera”. El lector, a través del ejercicio de la lectura del texto y de las imágenes debe ser llevado a concebir lo que quería que fuera la escuela brasileña. Las imágenes que se ofrecían a su percepción operaron para la construcción de lo que estaba destinado para la escuela en ese momento.