bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’Université al-Azhar et les sciences venues d’Europe
Authors: Avon Dominique 
Published: April 2016

Al-Azhar est l’institution centrale du sunnisme depuis la chute du califat fatimide. Comme tous les établissements de formation confessionnels disposant d’un monopole du savoir, l’Université fut confrontée au défi de sciences profondément transformées entre les 17 e et 19 e siècles. Une ouverture partielle suivit un mouvement de rejet global : des étudiants furent envoyés en Allemagne, en France ou en Grande-Bretagne au cours de la première moitié du 20 e siècle. Parmi eux, le shaykh al-Bahî acquit une position d’autorité au sein de l’Université réformée par Nasser. Son double cursus lui permit de trouver des arguments décisifs pour justifier le verrouillage du cœur de la formation, celle des « sciences religieuses ». Le contexte de décolonisation favorisa l’écho de ses positions.
Alain de Sérigny, homme de presse et acteur politique
Authors: Schmitt Laura 
Published: April 2016

Qualifié par ses contemporains d’« homme baromètre d’Alger », Alain de Sérigny, directeur du quotidien de premier plan L’Écho d’Alger , maréchaliste rallié un temps à de Gaulle, fut le seul journaliste inculpé lors du procès des barricades. Cet article montre l’entrelacs complexe que constituait sa position dans le champ politico-médiatique de l’Algérie coloniale. Il éclaire aussi les stratégies employées pour faire du journal la caisse de résonance des Européens d’Algérie en proie à un sentiment d’abandon de la part des autorités métropolitaines et concourir ainsi à la formation d’une opinion publique si difficile à saisir. Mettant en exergue un épisode de la « guerre franco-française », ce travail interroge également les conceptions gaulliennes du patron de presse.
Dynamic Long-Range Chromatin Interaction Controls Expression of IL-21 in CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Park Joo-Hong , Choi Yeeun , Song Min-Ji , Park Keunhee , Lee Jong-Joo , Kim Hyoung-Pyo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
IL-21, a pleiotropic cytokine strongly linked with autoimmunity and inflammation, regulates diverse immune responses. IL-21 can be potently induced in CD4+ T cells by IL-6; however, very little is known about the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of the Il21 gene at the chromatin level. In this study, we demonstrated that a conserved noncoding sequence located 49 kb upstream of the Il21 gene contains an enhancer element that can upregulate Il21 gene expression in a STAT3- and NFAT-dependent manner. Additionally, we identified enhancer-blocking insulator elements in the Il21 locus, which constitutively bind CTCF and cohesin. In naive CD4+ T cells, these upstream and downstream CTCF binding sites interact with each other to make a DNA loop; however, the Il21 promoter does not interact with any cis-elements in the Il21 locus. In contrast, stimulation of CD4+ T cells with IL-6 leads to recruitment of STAT3 to the promoter and novel distal enhancer region. This induces dynamic changes in chromatin configuration, bringing the promoter and the regulatory elements in close spatial proximity. The long-range interaction between the promoter and distal enhancer region was dependent on IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway but was disrupted in regulatory T cells, where IL-21 expression was repressed. Thus, our work uncovers a novel topological chromatin framework underlying proper transcriptional regulation of the Il21 gene.
Fc Receptor–like 5 Expression Distinguishes Two Distinct Subsets of Human Circulating Tissue–like Memory B Cells
Authors: Li Huifang , Borrego Francisco , Nagata Satoshi , Tolnay Mate 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Fc receptor–like (FCRL) 5 is a novel IgG binding protein expressed on B cells, with the capacity to regulate Ag receptor signaling. We assessed FCRL5 expression on circulating B cells from healthy donors and found that FCRL5+ cells are most enriched among atypical CD21−/lo/CD27− tissue-like memory (TLM) B cells, which are abnormally expanded in several autoimmune and infectious diseases. Using multicolor flow cytometry, FCRL5+ TLM cells were found to express more CD11c and several inhibitory receptors than did the FCRL5− TLM subset. The homing receptor profiles of the two TLM subsets shared features consistent with migration away from lymphoid tissues, but they also displayed distinct differences. Analysis of IgH V regions in single cells indicated that although both subsets are diverse, the FCRL5+ subset accumulated significantly more somatic mutations. Furthermore, the FCRL5+ subset had more switched isotype expression and more extensive proliferative history. Microarray analysis and quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that the two TLM subsets possess distinct gene expression profiles, characterized by markedly different CD11c, SOX5, T-bet, and RTN4R expression, as well as differences in expression of inhibitory receptors. Functional analysis revealed that the FCRL5+ TLM subset responds poorly to multiple stimuli compared with the FCRL5− subset, as reflected by reduced calcium mobilization and blunted cell proliferation. We propose that the FCRL5+ TLM subset, but not the FCRL5− TLM subset, underwent Ag-driven development and is severely dysfunctional. The present study elucidates the heterogeneity of TLM B cells and provides the basis to dissect their roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and infectious diseases.
The correlation between Ki-67 with other prognostic factors in breast cancer: A study in Iranian patients
Authors: Madani Seyed-Hamid , Payandeh Mehrdad , Sadeghi Masoud , Motamed Hajar , Sadeghi Edris 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Context: Despite the fact that breast cancer (BC) is a major health issue, very few studies describe its characteristics in the Middle East. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use and value of Ki-67 as a prognostic marker in BC and associations between Ki-67, clinical, and histopathological parameters were evaluated. Subjects and Methods: In a retrospective study, 260 BC women and invasive ductal carcinoma were included to our study in Kermanshah city, Iran. Age, tumor size, lymph node involvement, histological grade, nuclear grade, and vascular invasion were other factors that determined in a lot of patients. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 47.6 years (range, 24-84 years) with 100% female. Of 243 patients that tumor size was determined for them, 207 patients (85.2%) had tumor size ≥ 2 cm, and 36 patients (14.8%) had size <2 cm and also of 237 patients, 47 patients (19.8%), 140 (59.1%), and 50 (21.1%) had histological grades I, II, and III, respectively. There is significant correlation between Ki-67 with nuclear grade, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and p53 (P < 0.05). Based on this result, more patients with Ki-67 ≥ 20% have higher nuclear grade, p53-positive, and HER2-positive. There was correlation between Ki-67 with type of tumor (P = 0.009). Conclusions: The higher Ki-67 has a direct significant correlation with higher nuclear grade, p53-positive, and HER2-positive. Furthermore, triple negative patients have higher Ki-67 compared to other subtypes.
A Computational Study of a Data Assimilation Algorithm for the Two-dimensional Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Gesho Masakazu , Olson Eric , Titi Edriss S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe study the numerical performance of a continuous data assimilation (downscaling) algorithm, based on ideas from feedback control theory, in the context of the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Our model problem is to recover an unknown reference solution, asymptotically in time, by using continuous-in-time coarse-mesh nodal-point observational measurements of the velocity field of this reference solution (subsampling), as might be measured by an array of weather vane anemometers. Our calculations show that the required nodal observation density is remarkably less than what is suggested by the analytical study; and is in fact comparable to thenumber of numerically determining Fourier modes, which was reported in an earlier computational study by the authors. Thus, this method is computationally efficient and performs far better than the analytical estimates suggest.
Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin Method with a Simple and Compact Hermite WENO Limiter
Authors: Zhu Jun , Zhong Xinghui , Shu Chi-Wang , Qiu Jianxian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new type of weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) limiter, which belongs to the class of Hermite WENO (HWENO) limiters, for the Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) methods solving hyperbolic conservation laws. This new HWENO limiter is a modification of the simple WENO limiter proposed recently by Zhong and Shu [29]. Both limiters use information of the DG solutions only from the target cell and its immediate neighboring cells, thus maintaining the original compactness of the DG scheme. The goal of both limiters is to obtain high order accuracy and non-oscillatory properties simultaneously. The main novelty of the new HWENO limiter in this paper is to reconstruct the polynomial on the target cell in a least square fashion [8] while the simple WENO limiter [29] is to use the entire polynomial of the original DG solutions in the neighboring cells with an addition of a constant for conservation. The modification in this paper improves the robustness in the computation of problems with strong shocks or contact discontinuities, without changing the compact stencil of the DG scheme. Numerical results for both one and two dimensional equations including Euler equations of compressible gas dynamics are provided to illustrate the viability of this modified limiter.
On Invariant-Preserving Finite Difference Schemes for the Camassa-Holm Equation and the Two-Component Camassa-Holm System
Authors: Liu Hailiang , Pendleton Terrance 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to develop and test novel invariant-preserving finite difference schemes for both the Camassa-Holm (CH) equation and one of its 2-component generalizations (2CH). The considered PDEs are strongly nonlinear, admitting soliton-like peakon solutions which are characterized by a slope discontinuity at the peak in the wave shape, and therefore suitable for modeling both short wave breaking and long wave propagation phenomena. The proposed numerical schemes are shown to preserve two invariants, momentum and energy, hence numerically producing wave solutions with smaller phase error over a long time period than those generated by other conventional methods. We first apply the scheme to the CH equation and showcase the merits of considering such a scheme under a wide class of initial data. We then generalize this scheme to the 2CH equation and test this scheme under several types of initial data.
Efficient Computation of Nonlinear Crest Distributions for Irregular Stokes Waves
Authors: Wang Ying-Guang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper concerns the computation of nonlinear crest distributions for irregular Stokes waves, and a numerical algorithm based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique has been developed for carrying out the nonlinear computations. In order to further improve the computational efficiency, a new Transformed Rayleigh procedure is first proposed as another alternative for computing the nonlinear wave crest height distributions, and the corresponding computer code has also been developed. In the proposed Transformed Rayleigh procedure, the transformation model is chosen to be a monotonic exponential function, calibrated such that the first three moments of the transformed model match the moments of the true process. The numerical algorithm based on the FFT technique and the proposed Transformed Rayleigh procedure have been applied for calculating the wave crest distributions of a sea state with a Bretschneider spectrum and a sea statewith the surface elevation datameasured at the Poseidon platform. It is demonstrated in these two cases that the numerical algorithm based on the FFT technique and the proposed Transformed Rayleigh procedure can offer better predictions than those from using the empirical wave crest distribution models. Meanwhile, it is found that our proposed Transformed Rayleigh procedure can compute nonlinear crest distributions more than 25 times faster than the numerical algorithm based on the FFT technique.
Seasonal hydrography and surface outflow in a fjord with a deep sill: the Reloncaví fjord, Chile
Authors: Castillo Manuel I. , Cifuentes Ursula , Pizarro Oscar , Djurfeldt Leif , Caceres Mario 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Seasonal data on temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and chlorophyll, combined with meteorological and river discharge time series, were used to describe the oceanographic conditions of the Reloncaví fjord (41°35′ S, 72°20′ W). The winds in the fjord valley mainly blow down-fjord during the winter, reinforcing the upper layer outflow, whereas the winds blow predominantly up-fjord during the spring and summer, contrary to the upper layer outflow. The fjord, with a deep sill at the mouth, was well stratified year-round and featured a thin surface layer of brackish water with mean salinities between 10.4 ± 1.4 (spring) and 13.2 ± 2.5 (autumn). The depth of the upper layer changed slightly among the different studied seasons but remained at 4.5 m near the mouth. This upper layer presented a mean outflow (Q1) of 3185 ± 223 m3 s−1, which implies a flushing time of 3 days for this layer. The vertical salt flux was  ∼  37 tons of salt per second, similar to the horizontal salt flux observed in the upper layer. These estimates will contribute to better management of the aquaculture in this region.
My Access and Writing Error Corrections of EFL College Pre-intermediate Students
Authors: Chou Huey-nah Cindy , Moslehpour Massoud , Yang Chung-Yux 
Published: April 2016

<p><strong><em>Purpose</em></strong><em> –</em> This study aims to examine the effects of Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) feedback on pre-intermediate EFL students’ writing performance. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to inspect the effects of AWE on self-correction in multiple submissions.</p><p><strong><em>Design/participants </em></strong><em>–</em> This study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods. The participants were students whose English proficiency was at the pre-intermediate level, below CEFR B1. They were enrolled in a two-hour, 18-weeks elective college English writing course for non-English majors. Twenty-seven students completed at least two submissions of drafts on an essay prompt. Through convenience sampling, two male and three female senior students majoring in Business, Chinese and Accounting participated in face-to-fact interviews.</p><p><strong><em>Methodology/approach/instrumentation </em></strong><em>– </em>This study uses descriptive statistics and correlational analysis to evaluate the data. Research data were obtained during 18 week period. <em>My Access</em> was used as an auxiliary writing tool in the college English writing course for non-English-majors. Students’ writing performance, self-correction with <em>My Access</em> feedback and self-reported perceptions of using <em>My Access</em> were used as the instruments.</p><p><strong><em>Findings </em></strong><em>– </em> The findings of the study can be summarized as follows: 1) based on analyses of qualitative data the individual student made improvement in various writing traits in revisions; 2) while the students were more capable of self-correcting in usage type of lexical and syntactic errors using AWE, they were relatively incapable of handling independently mechanics and style types of errors; 3) the results of the interviews and self-reported student perceptions of <em>My Access</em> confirmed the effectiveness of AWE feedback in revisions and self-correction; 4) although findings of this study supported positive effects of <em>My Access</em> feedback for independent revision and correction, the importance of teachers’ role in writing instruction and periodic teacher-student interactions in enhancing particular writing skills is stressed.</p><p><strong><em>Practical implications/value </em></strong><em>– </em>The application of AWE influences writing instruction in both ESL and EFL contexts by both assessing strengths and weaknesses of student writing and enhancing writing quality. Investigating the effectiveness of AWE feedback in the meditational process of constructing and revising text is thus of great importance to ensure its validity and usefulness. Utilizing AWE can, no doubt, be effective with the participation of teachers. Writing teachers play a crucial role in assisting and guiding students in the writing process. </p>
SUBSTRATOS E TEMPERATURAS PARA TESTE DE GERMINAÇÃO EM SEMENTES DE MYRTACEAE
Authors: Gomes Juliano Pereira , Oliveira Luciana Magda de , Ferreira Paula Iaschitzki , Batista Felipe 
Published: April 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509821120As espécies brasileiras de Myrtaceae compreendem diversas plantas arbóreas e arbustivas que podem ser utilizadas na produção de frutos para consumo in natura ou para industrialização. Informações sobre avaliação da qualidade de sementes dessas espécies não estão bem definidas, principalmente as relacionadas à adequação do teste de germinação. Objetivou-se testar substratos e temperaturas para realização do teste de germinação em sementes de Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret. (goiaba-serrana), Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg (guabiroba), Eugenia involucrata DC. (cereja-do-mato) e Eugenia pyriformis Camb. (uvaia). Sementes, de diferentes procedências, foram submetidas ao teste de germinação em substratos areia e rolo de papel tipo germitest, umedecidos com água destilada, e nas temperaturas 15°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C e 20-30°C, sob luz constante, em germinadores tipo BOD. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 25 sementes/tratamento/lote/espécie, e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P < 0,01). O teste de germinação pode ser conduzido na temperatura de 25ºC e em substrato rolo de papel para Eugenia involucrata e Eugenia pyriformis. Ambos os substratos podem ser utilizados para o teste de germinação de Acca sellowiana, a 25ºC. A temperatura de 25ºC e alternância de 20-30ºC são indicadas para Campomanesia xanthocarpa, assim como, os substratos areia e rolo de papel.
Oxidative Dearomatization of 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydro‐1H‐indoles Obtained by Metal‐ and Solvent‐Free Thermal 5‐endo‐dig Cyclization: The Route to Erythrina and Lycorine Alkaloids
Authors: Andreev Ivan A. , Ratmanova Nina K. , Novoselov Anton M. , Belov Dmitry S. , Seregina Irina F. , Kurkin Alexander V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA facile one‐pot approach based on a thermally induced metal‐ and solvent‐free 5‐endo‐dig cyclization reaction of the amino propargylic alcohols in combination with Dess–Martin periodinane‐promoted oxidative dearomatization of 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroindole intermediates provides an efficient and robust access to 5,6‐dihydro‐1H‐indol‐2(4H)ones. Green, relatively mild and operationally simple characteristics of the synthetic sequence are the major advantages, which greatly amplify the developed methodology. The utility of obtained indolones as unified key precursors is demonstrated by the application of these products to the formal total syntheses of a whole pleiad of Erythrina‐ and Lycorine‐type alkaloids, namely (±)‐erysotramidine, (±)‐erysotrine, (±)‐erythravine, (±)‐γ‐lycorane, and abnormal erythrinanes (±)‐coccoline and (±)‐coccuvinine.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECTS OF CATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PHOTOANODE IN THE N‐GALLIUM ARSENIDE!POTASSIUM SELENIDE (K2SE)‐POTASSIUM DISELENIDE (K2SE2)‐POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE!CARBON SEMICONDUCTOR LIQUID JUNCTION SOLAR CELL
Authors: PARKINSON B. A. , HELLER A. , MILLER B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractChemisorption von Ru(III) an der Oberfläche der n‐GaAs‐Photoanoden führt für die Titelsolarzelle zu einem höheren Potential bei offenem Schaltkreis, einem höheren Ausnutzungsfaktor und beträchtlich reduzierter Hysteresis.
ChemInform Abstract: SELENIUM CHELATES. PREPARATION AND X‐RAY STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF METHYL(DIETHYLDISELENOCARBAMATO)(TRIPHOSPHINE)PLATINUM(II), PT(SE2CNET2)(CH3)(PPH3)
Authors: CHEN H.‐W. , FACKLER J. P. JUN. , MASTERS A. F. , PAN W. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion von Bis‐[diethyldiselenocarbamato]‐platin mit Dimethyl‐bis‐[triphenylphosphin]‐platin in Benzol unter Rückfluß lieferte den Titelkomplex in hoher Ausb., der durch NMR‐Daten charakterisiert wurde.
ChemInform Abstract: A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPIN‐LABELED ORGANIC LIGANDS COVALENTLY BOUND TO A NONCRYSTALLINE SURFACE: DIPOLAR CONTRIBUTION TO NITROXIDE EPR SPECTRUM
Authors: HALL L. D. , WATERTON J. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractKommerziell erhältliches Glas mit kontrollierter Porosität wurde in entgaster alkalischer Lösung mit frisch hydrolysiertem 3‐Amino‐propyl‐trin1ethoxysilan zu (I) derivatisiert, das mit dem Piperidinoxyl (II) reduktiv zum Spin‐dotierten Produkt (III) alkyliert wurde.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION OF PROCHIRAL KETONES BY RHODIUM(I) AND RUTHENIUM(II) CHIRAL DISPHOSPHINE COMPLEXES
Authors: OHKUBO K. , SETOGUCHI M. , YOSHINAGA K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAls Katalysatoren wurden eingesetzt chirale Rh(I)‐ Komplexe, in situ dargestellt aus [Rh(C2H4)2Cl]2 und (+)‐1,2‐Bis‐[diphenylphosphino]‐propan oder (‐)‐DIOP, sowie ein kristalliner, verbrückter Dimeren‐Komplex von Ru2Cl4[(‐) ‐DIOP]3 (DIOP = 2,3‐O‐Isopropyliden‐2,3‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐bis‐[diphenylphosphino]‐butan).
ChemInform Abstract: CARBENE CHEMISTRY. PART 12. KINETICS OF THE ISOMERIZATION, ADDITION, AND INSERTION REACTIONS OF 1,2,2‐TRIFLUOROETHYLIDENE
Authors: HASZELDINE R. N. , PARKINSON C. , ROBINSON P. J. , WILLIAMS W. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas thermisch aus CHF2‐CF2‐SiX3 (X: ‐F, ‐Me) erzeugte Titelcarben (III) isomerisiert sich in unimolekularer Reaktion zum Trifluorethylen (Aktivierungsenergie 96 kJ/mol).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 5,9‐DIMETHYL‐2,4,8‐DECATRIENOIC AND 5,9‐DIMETHYL‐9‐ALKOXY‐2,4‐DECADIENOIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors: PATWARDHAN S. A. , GUPTA A. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIm Hinblick auf mögliche Insektenjuvenilhormonaktivität wurde eine Reihe der Titelverbindungen (I)‐(III) wie folgt dargestellt; MnOZ‐ Oxidation von Geraniol bzw. 7‐Methoxy‐ und 7‐Ethoxy‐geraniol lieferte Geranial (Ausb. 69.3%) bzw. 7‐Methoxy‐ (77.5%) und 7‐Ethoxy‐geranial (75.3%).
ChemInform Abstract: BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING SULFONAMIDES WITH ASYMMETRIC CARBON ATOMS. 3. RELATED N‐SUBSTITUTED CARBAMOYLBENZOIC ACIDS
Authors: RUFER C. , LOSERT W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus (II) erhält man die substituierten Acetophenone (III), die zu den Benzoesäuren (IV) oxidiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF α′‐(TRIFLUOROACETAMIDO) α‐DIAZO KETONES
Authors: BLAIR I. A. , MANDER L. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas aus dem Hydro chlorid (I) neben dem Trifluoracetamid (II) erhältliche Oxazolon (III) reagiert mit Diazomethan unter Bildung der Produkte (IV)‐(VII) mit dem Diazoketon (IV) als Hauptprodukt (das Oxazolon (III) entsteht auch beim Behandeln des Chlorids der Säure (H) mit Diazomethan).
ChemInform Abstract: THE INSERTION AND EXTRUSION OF HETEROSULFUR BRIDGES. X. CONVERSIONS IN THE TRIPHENYLENE‐TRIPHENYLO(4,5‐BCD)THIOPHENE SYSTEM
Authors: KLEMM L. H. , LAWRENCE R. D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTriphenylen (I) reagiert mit Schwefelwasserstoff in Gegenwart von Mo‐Oxid‐Katalysatoren zu einem Einschiebungsprodukt (IIa), aus dem das Sulfoxid (IIb) und das Sulfon (IIc) hergestellt werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF A POTENTIAL INTERMEDIATE TO APOMITOMYCIN
Authors: KAMETANI T. , KIGAWA Y. , NEMOTO H. , IHARA M. , FUKUMOTO K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractZum Aufbau des Zwischenproduktes (VIII) für Apomitomycin wurde zunächst eine Modellreaktion durchgeführt: Der Phenylessigsäureester (I) wurde mit N‐Bromsuccinimid (II) in das Bromderivat übergeführt und dieses mit Thiopyrrolidon (IV) zum Enamin (V) kondensiert.