bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic diagnosis of distal biceps tendon rupture: a prospective study of 25 cases.
Authors: Belli P , Costantini M , Mirk P , Leone A , Pastore G , Marano P 
Published: January 2017

To describe the sonographic findings of distal biceps tendon ruptures and to assess the accuracy of the technique.Twenty‐five patients with clinically indicated distal biceps tendon ruptures were prospectively studied by sonography. Five patients also underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical confirmation was obtained in 14 patients.Seventeen complete tendon ruptures and 3 partial tears were correctly shown by sonography; 1 complete rupture was incorrectly shown as a partial tear by sonography. Sonographic features of complete rupture were absence of tendon in the expected location, fluid collection in a typical tendon gap, and a mass in the antecubital fossa. Sonographic features of incomplete rupture were intratendinous hypoechogenicity and tendon thinning. Peritendinous fluid was found in complete and incomplete ruptures.In distal biceps tendon ruptures, sonography is a cost‐effective method that can confirm the clinical indications with good accuracy and can show tendon lesions when the clinical indications are low.
Normal midtrimester (17‐20 weeks) genetic sonogram decreases amniocentesis rate in a high‐risk population.
Authors: Pinette M G , Garrett J , Salvo A , Blackstone J , Pinette S G , Boutin N , Cartin A 
Published: January 2017

To evaluate a screening protocol using advanced maternal age, triple‐marker screening, and genetic sonography.We compared adverse chromosomal outcomes of pregnancy in 1556 women referred for increased risk of aneuploidy because of either advanced maternal age or triple‐marker test results. Patients were counseled about the results of the triple‐marker test and subsequent sonography, which led to a patient decision of whether to pursue amniocentesis. Fetal measurements and structural abnormalities were compared with chromosomal findings. When patients elected amniocentesis, karyotypes were obtained.Genetic sonography reduced the rate of amniocentesis by 61% overall and by 40% when compared with an alpha‐fetoprotein profile alone. The sensitivity of sonography combined with the triple‐marker screen for the detection of trisomy 21 was 87% compared with 91% for the triple‐marker screen alone.This study confirmed that sonographic findings in a targeted population, in combination with other risk markers (advanced maternal age and triple‐marker screening), can be used to assess the risk of aneuploidy. Biometry provides additional information for assessing the risk of aneuploidy. Combining advanced maternal age, serum triple‐marker screening, and sonographic screening may provide better risk prediction for use in clinical counseling.
Feasibility of 3‐Dimensional Sonographic Examination of the Fetal Secondary Palate During the Second‐Trimester Anatomy Scan
Authors: Sepulveda Waldo , Wong Amy E. , Castro Francella , Adiego Begoña , Martinez-Ten Pilar 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the feasibility of obtaining adequate 3‐dimensional (3D) data sets to examine the fetal secondary palate during the second‐trimester anatomy scan.MethodsDuring a 3‐month period, 3D data sets of the fetal secondary palate were obtained from consecutive women undergoing routine second‐trimester scans. Only structurally normal singleton fetuses with a normal upper lip on 2‐dimensional (2D) sonography were included. Three‐dimensional data sets were obtained using a mechanical transducer with a 45° sweep and the same settings as for the standard 2D scan, ideally when the fetus was facing the transducer, with mild extension of the head, and the ultrasound beams projecting caudally to cranially to avoid shadowing from the primary palate or mandible. No additional scanning time was allocated for examination of the palate. Acquired 3D data sets were analyzed offline using dedicated software, and the secondary palate was assessed using the “flipped face” technique.ResultsNinety‐seven women met entry criteria and underwent second‐trimester scans at a median gestational age of 22 completed weeks (range, 18–23 weeks). In 13 (13.4%) cases, it was not possible to obtain a midsagittal view of the face for capturing 3D volume data sets due to fetal position. Additional factors limiting visualization were shadowing from the primary palate in fetuses with flexion of the head in 30 (30.9%) cases, interposition of, or shadowing from, fetal arms or legs in 11 (11.3%), inability to reproduce a true midsagittal plane in 8 (8.2%), and poor image quality in 1 (1%). Therefore, it was only possible to assess the secondary palate in 34 (35.1%) cases.ConclusionsIt is not feasible to obtain adequate 3D data sets for offline analysis of the fetal secondary palate in almost two‐thirds of second‐trimester fetuses during the routine scan. However, suboptimal visualization is primarily due to factors related to fetal position rather than equipment or image quality. This finding suggests that a dedicated scan, during which adequate time can be devoted to obtaining a satisfactory position in which the fetal face can be evaluated, may be warranted in high‐risk cases.
Differences in Sonographic Features of Ruptured and Unruptured Epidermal Cysts
Authors: Yuan Wei-Hsin , Hsu Hui-Chen , Lai Yi-Chen , Chou Yi-Hong , Li Anna Fen-Yau 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThis study aimed to report the differences in sonographic features of ruptured and unruptured epidermal cysts.MethodsWe reviewed and analyzed the sonographic features of superficial epidermal cysts of in 2 subgroups of 46 patients: 20 with ruptured cysts and 26 with unruptured cysts. All lesions were diagnosed either by excisional biopsy or by debridement biopsy. Sonographic features used in the analysis included tumor size, location, echo texture, pericystic changes, boundary, and shape on gray scale sonography and lesion vascularity on color Doppler sonography. Pathologic examinations were reviewed with emphasis on differences between ruptured and unruptured epidermal cysts.ResultsUnruptured epidermal cysts showed significantly higher frequencies of an oval shape, presence of a halo, well‐circumscribed boundaries, and lack of blood flow signals (P < .05). In contrast, ruptured cysts usually had a lobulated shape, a slightly poorly defined or poorly defined boundary, the absence of a halo, and intermediate grades of lesion vascularity. The lesion sizes and sonographic features, including dermal attachment, a hypoechoic echo texture, posterior acoustic enhancement, and the presence of intralesional hyperechoic strips and hypoechoic debris, showed no significant differences between the groups (P > .05). In pathologic studies, acute and chronic inflammatory reactions, more prominent microvessels, and abscess formation in the adjacent stromal tissue, the lesions, or both could be detected in the 20 ruptured epidermal cysts but not in the unruptured cysts.ConclusionsThis research shows that recognition of different sonographic features is helpful for differentiating ruptured and unruptured epidermal cysts.
Evaluation of Breast Lesions Using Sonographic Elasticity Imaging
Authors: Barr Richard G. , Destounis Stamatia , Lackey Logan B. , Svensson William E. , Balleyguier Corinne , Smith Carmel 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of real‐time compression elasticity imaging in characterizing breast lesions as benign or malignant.MethodsA cohort of 578 women scheduled for sonographically guided biopsy of breast lesions were recruited from 6 sites under an Institutional Review Board–approved protocol. All participants received an elastogram, which displayed both the B‐mode and elasticity images in real time. The longest dimensions of the lesion on the B‐mode and elasticity imaging were measured. An elasticity imaging/B‐mode ratio of at least 1.0 was considered positive for malignant lesions. The reference standard was based on biopsy.ResultsA total of 635 lesions were imaged and biopsied. There were 222 (35%) malignant or borderline lesions and 413 (65%) benign lesions. The benign lesions were either cystic (145 [35%]) or solid (268 [65%]). Of the 222 malignant lesions, 219 had an elasticity imaging/B‐mode ratio of at least 1.0. Of the 413 benign lesions, 361 had an elasticity imaging/B‐mode ratio less than 1.0. These results corresponded to overall sensitivity of 98.6% and overall specificity of 87.4%. Individual site sensitivities ranged from 96.7% to 100% whereas specificities ranged from 66.7% to 95.4%.ConclusionsElasticity imaging has high sensitivity in characterizing malignant lesions of the breast. Variability in specificity between sites and sonographers is possibly due to individual technique differences in performing elastography and measuring lesions. Further work in standardizing the technique is required.
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF LIME ADDITIONS ON SUGARCANE YIELD AND SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN NORTH QUEENSLAND
Authors: NOBLE A. D. , HURNEY A. P. 
Published: July 2002

In many highly weathered soils of the humid tropics, crop exploitation of the subsoil environment is limited through acid soil infertility. Since the use of mechanical profile modification is often prohibitive, surface incorporation of soil amendments is often the only means available to rectify this problem. A field trial was established with sugarcane on a strongly Acidic Dystrophic Brown Dermosol (Oxic Humitropept) in 1978 to evaluate the effects of surface incorporated lime additions on yield and performance of sugarcane. Eighteen years after the establishment of this trial, significant responses in cane yield were still evident following a single application of 5 t lime ha−1 made in 1978, as well as repeated applications of 5 t ha−1 on three occasions over the past 18 years. Progressive reductions in exchangeable acidity were accompanied by increases in subsoil Ca2+ and Mg2+. Soil pH increased significantly to a depth of 100 cm, this being attributed to the formation of ion pairs with NO3 in the surface soil, the subsequent leaching of these complexes and the differential uptake of NO3 at depth by roots. The results from this long-term study indicate that surface incorporation of lime is an economically viable approach to the remediation of subsoil acidity on soils such as those studied, namely, those with a low inherent cation exchange capacity and anion exchange capacity.
Gorenstein quotients by principal ideals of
free Koszul homology
Authors: SOTO JOSÉ J.
M. 
Published: July 2002

Let A be a
noetherian local ring, x a non-unit element of A,
B=A/(x). Let E be the Koszul complex associated to an
arbitrary set of generators of the ideal (x) of A. Assume that
H1(E) is a free B-module. Then A
is Gorenstein if and only if B is
also.1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 13H10, 13D03.
THE KING, THE ABBESS, AND THE GARDENER: SOME SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY FRENCH AND SWEDISH REPUTATIONS
Authors: METTAM ROGER 
Published: July 2002

Angélique Arnauld. By Fabian Gastellier. Paris: Fayard, 1998. Pp. 505. ISBN 2-213-60043-0. FF 170.The world of André Le Nôtre. By Thierry Mariage, translated by Graham Larkin. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. Pp. xv+144. ISBN 0-8122-3468-5. £26.00.Charles XI and Swedish absolutism. By Anthony F. Upton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. xxiv+281. ISBN 0-521-57390-4. £35.00.
THE ROAD TO THE CIVIL WAR: SOCIAL
CONFLICT AND MASS POLITICS IN SPAIN,
1898–1936
Authors: SALVADÓ FRANCISCO J. ROMERO 
Published: July 2002

The end of the Spanish empire, 1898–1923. By Sebastian Balfour.
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. Pp. xi+269. ISBN 0-19-820507-4. £35.00.From mobilization to civil war: the politics of polarization in the
Spanish city of Gijón, 1900–1937.
By Pamela Beth Radcliff. Cambridge: University Press, 1997. Pp. xviii+354.
ISBN 0-521-562139. £40.00.
Influence of dietary energy and nutrient concentration
on the growth of body weight and of carcass
components of broiler chickens
Authors: WISEMAN J. , LEWIS C. E. 
Published: July 2002

The influence of dietary nutrient concentration on performance
and the growth of fat depots, breast
meat and leg muscles was examined in five groups of male broiler chickens
fed ad libitum with
combinations of high (H), commercial (C) or low (L) energy and nutrient
concentration in starter and
finisher diets. Diets were changed from starter to finisher at 3 weeks
of age giving 200 birds on each
of five treatments: HH, HL, CC, LH and LL. Ten birds per treatment were
slaughtered at weekly
intervals from 0 to 70 days. Five of these were dissected into component
lean tissues of breast muscles
(white meat) and thigh+leg muscles (dark meat) and fat depots, and the
other five carcasses were
minced for chemical analyses. Data were analysed by fitting Gompertz functions
to each component.Analysis of body weight, carcass components and feed intake revealed
that at 70 days birds on LH
approached similar liveweights to those on HH with lower overall food intakes,
comparable feed
conversion ratios but slightly greater fat depots. The HL birds had less
fat but achieved specific
weights over longer periods of time with greater feed intakes and poorer
feed conversion ratios.
Content of white and dark meat was always greater in HH birds, with differences
between treatments
being greater for white meat.Decisions on which conditions are most appropriate will be influenced
by time taken to reach
specific liveweights if whole birds are marketed, or the rate of growth
of individual portions if further
processing is considered, together with feed conversion efficiency and
the relative costs of diets
varying in energy and nutrient concentration.
Virtual origin correction for lazy turbulent plumes
Authors: HUNT G. R. , KAYE N. G. 
Published: July 2002

The location of the asymptotic virtual origin of positively buoyant turbulent plumes
with a deficit of initial momentum flux when compared with equivalent pure plumes
is investigated. These lazy plumes are generated by continuous steady releases of momentum,
buoyancy and volume into a quiescent uniform environment from horizontal
sources (at z = 0) of finite area, and are shown to be equivalent to the far-field flow
above point source pure plumes, of buoyancy only, rising from the asymptotic virtual
source located below the actual source at z = −zavs.An analytical expression for the location of the asymptotic virtual source relative
to the actual source of the lazy plume is developed. The plume conservation equations
are solved for the volume flow rate, and the position of the asymptotic virtual origin
is deduced from the scaling for the volume flow rate at large distances from the
source.The displacement zavs of the asymptotic virtual origin from the actual origin scales
on the source diameter and is a function of the source parameter Γ ∝
Qˆ20Fˆ0/Mˆ5/20
which is a measure of the relative importance of the initial fluxes of buoyancy
Fˆ0, momentum Mˆ0, and volume Qˆ0 in the plume.
The virtual origin correction developed is valid for Γ > 1/2 and is therefore applicable to lazy plumes for
which Γ > 1, pure plumes for which Γ = 1, and forced plumes in the range
1/2 < Γ < 1. The dimensionless correction z*avs decreases as Γ increases, and for
Γ [Gt ] 1, z*avs → 0.853Γ−1/5.
Comparisons made between the predicted location of the
asymptotic virtual origin and the location inferred from measurements of lazy saline
plumes in the laboratory show close agreement.
Mothers with anorexia nervosa who underfeed their

children: their recognition and management
Authors: RUSSELL G. F. M. , TREASURE J. , EISLER I. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Women with anorexia nervosa have a reduced

fertility but they may have borne

children before the onset of their illness or after partial

recovery. Little is known on how to identify

the anorexic mothers who underfeed their children and how to manage

them. This article aims to remedy these gaps.Methods. The clinical scientific method is the only

means of identifying the children of anorexic

mothers who are at risk. Eight such mothers were identified as

a result of obtaining serial

measurements of the children's weights and heights over time.

Tanner–Whitehouse charts were used

to plot weight for age and height for age. A simple rating scale

was devised to measure the

acceptance of treatment involving both mother and child.Results. Nine children (eight boys and one girl) were

found to have suffered food deprivation: with

severe reduction in weight-for-age in six and in height-for-age in

eight. Five siblings were not

affected. Catch-up growth was correlated with the degree of

engagement in treatment of both

mother and child. Long-term treatment of one mother, combining

family therapy with admissions

to hospital, resulted in catch-up growth in her two sons.Conclusions. The mechanisms underlying the privation of

the children stem from the anorexic

mother's abnormal concerns with body size extending to her

children. The children may become

unduly accepting of the underfeeding. It is essential to obtain

the confidence of anorexic mothers

suspected of underfeeding their children and to adopt a whole

family approach to treatment.
Misattribution of sensory input reflected in dysfunctional target[ratio ]non-target ERPs in schizophrenia
Authors: BROWN K. , GORDON E. , WILLIAMS L. , BAHRAMALI H. , HARRIS A. , GRAY J. , GONSALVEZ C. , MEARES R. 
Published: July 2002

Background. While numerous studies have found disturbances in the Event-Related Potentials
(ERPs) of patients with schizophrenia linked to task relevant target stimuli (most notably a
reduction in P300 amplitude), few have examined ERPs to task irrelevant non-targets. We
hypothesize, from current models of dysfunction in information processing in schizophrenia, that
there will be less difference between ERPs to targets and non-targets in patients with schizophrenia
than in controls.Methods. EEGs were recorded for 40 subjects with schizophrenia and 40 age and sex matched
controls during an auditory oddball reaction time task. ERPs to the targets and non-targets
immediately preceding the targets were averaged separately.Results. There was a disturbance in ERPs to targets but also to non-targets (reduced N100
amplitude and earlier P200 latency) and the difference between target and non-target ERP
components (N100 and P200 amplitude and P200 latency), was significantly reduced in the
schizophrenic group compared with controls.Conclusions. These findings suggest a disturbance in processing task relevant and irrelevant stimuli,
consistent with Gray's (1998) hypothesis of misattributions in the ‘match[ratio ]mismatch’ of novel
(target) and familiar (non-target) sensory input compared with stored information.
The prevalence of sleep-related eating disorder in psychiatric and
non-psychiatric populations
Authors: WINKELMAN J. W. , HERZOG D. B. , FAVA M. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Sleep-related eating disorder is a little-described syndrome combining features of sleep
disorders and eating disorders. The behaviour consists of partial arousals from sleep followed by
rapid ingestion of food, commonly with at least partial amnesia for the episode the following day.
The aim of this study was to provide an estimate of the prevalence of sleep-related eating disorder.Methods. The Inventory of Nocturnal Eating, a self-report questionnaire addressing nocturnal
eating and sleep disturbance, was administered to out-patients (N=126) and in-patients (N=24)
with eating disorders, obese subjects (N=126) in a trial of an anorexic agent, depressed subjects
(N=207) in an antidepressant trial, and an unselected group (N=217) of college students. Sleep-related eating disorder was operationally defined as nocturnal eating with a self-reported reduced
level of awareness, occurring at least once per week.Results. Almost 5·0% (33/700) of the sample described symptoms consistent with sleep-related
eating disorder. The in-patient eating disorders group had nearly twice the prevalence (16·7%) of
the out-patient eating disorder sample (8·7%), which had nearly twice the prevalence of the next
highest group, the student sample (4·6%). Subjects with sleep-related eating disorder endorsed more
symptoms consistent with sleep disorders and had higher levels of depression and dissociation than
those without nocturnal eating.Conclusions. Sleep-related eating disorder is more common than is generally recognized, especially
in those with a daytime eating disorder. Sleep disorder symptoms are often associated with sleep-related eating disorder, as are depression and dissociation. Evaluation of individuals with eating
disorders should include assessment for sleep-related eating.
The relationship among three models of personality
psychopathology: DSM-III-R personality disorder,
TCI scores and DSQ defences
Authors: MULDER R. T. , JOYCE P. R. , SULLIVAN P. F. , BULIK C. M. , CARTER F. A. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Current systems of describing personality pathology have significant shortcomings. A
polydiagnostic approach is used to study the relationship between psychological, psychoanalytical
and psychopathological models of personality.Methods. The subjects were 256 patients enrolled in treatment studies of major depression and
bulimia nervosa. Subjects were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the
Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DMS-III-R
personality disorders (SCID-II).Results. Subjects had high rates of DSM-III-R personality disorders with 52% having at least one
personality disorder. Cluster A personality disorders were correlated with low reward dependence,
high harm avoidance and low self-directedness and cooperativeness. Cluster B personality disorders
were related to high novelty seeking and low self-directedness and cooperativeness. Cluster C
personality disorders were correlated with high harm avoidance and low novelty seeking and low
self-directedness. Immature defences were related to DSM-III-R personality symptoms, but
individual defences were not related to personality clusters in a predictable way. Immature defences
were strongly related to low self-directedness and cooperativeness. Both TCI self-directedness scores
and immature defence scores were moderately predictive of the presence and number of personality
disorders.Conclusion. A widely accepted clinical nosology (DSM-III-R personality disorders) rated using a
clinical interview correlates reasonably predictably with two theoretical models derived from
different paradigms and rated using self-reports. This might be seen as providing concurrent validity
for all three models. However, serious methodological shortcomings confront studies of this type,
including sample selection and measurement of personality dysfunction. One way to begin to
resolve these problems is to study which personality measures are best related to treatment response
and prognosis.
Inclusive versus exclusive approaches to sleep and dream research
Authors: Stickgold Robert 
Published: July 2002

By assuming that REM sleep either plays a critical role in all memory consolidation or no role in any, Vertes & Eastman have chosen to reject, rather than explain, robust experimental findings of a role for sleep in memory and learning. In contrast, Nielsen has attempted to integrate conflicting findings in the dispute over REM versus NREM mentation. Researchers must trust the data more and the theories less, and build integrative rather than exclusionary models if they hope to resolve these knotty problems effectively.[Nielsen; Vertes & Eastman]