bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Dynamics and Morphology of Cast‐off Pattern at Different Speed Levels Using High‐speed Digital Video Imaging
Authors: Kunz Sebastian Niko , Adamec Jiri , Grove Christina 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDuring a bloodstain pattern analysis, one of the essential tasks is to distinguish between different kinds of applied forces as well as to estimate their level of intensity. In this study, high‐speed digital imaging has been used to analyze the formation of cast‐off patterns generated by a simulated backswing with a blood‐bearing object. For this purpose, 0.5 mL blood was applied evenly over the last 5 cm of a blade simulant. Bloodstains were created through the controlled acceleration of a backswing at different speed levels between 1.1 m/sec and 3.8 m/sec. The flight dynamics of blood droplets were captured with an Olympus® i‐Speed 3 high‐speed digital camera with a Nikon® AF Nikkor 50 mm f/1.8 D lens and analyzed using the Olympus i‐Speed 3 Viewer software. The video analysis showed that, during the backswing, blood droplets would move toward the lower end of the knifepoint and would be tangentially thrown off. These droplets impacted on the horizontal surface according to the arc of the swing. An increase in velocity led to longer cast‐off patterns with distinct morphological characteristics. Under laboratory conditions, bloodstain pattern analysis allows certain conclusions about the intensity of a backswing and provides instructions on the position of the offender. However, due to the number of unknown variables at a crime scene, such interpretation of cast‐off patterns is extremely limited and should be performed with extreme caution.
Cheiloscopy: Lip Print Inter‐rater Reliability
Authors: Furnari Winnie , Janal Malvin N. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLip print analysis, or cheiloscopy, has the potential to join fingerprints and retinal scans as an additional method to determine human identification. This preliminary study sought to determine agreement among 20 raters, forensic odontologists, using an often referenced system that categorizes lip prints into six classes related to the dominant pattern of vertical, horizontal, and intersecting lines. Lip prints were taken from 13 individuals, and raters categorized eight distinct regions of each print. In addition to ratings made while viewing the actual prints, the raters repeated the exercise using photographs of the lip prints. Multirater kappa, a chance‐corrected measure of agreement, ranged between 0.15 for the actual prints and 0.25 for the photos, indicating only poor to fair levels of inter‐rater reliability. While these results fail to support the use of lip prints for human identification, it is possible that more intensive training may yet produce adequate levels of reliability.
Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibition blocks airway constriction and protects from Th2‐induced airway inflammation and remodeling
Authors: Tabeling C. , Herbert J. , Hocke A. C. , Lamb D. J. , Wollin S. L. , Erb K. J. , Boiarina E. , Movassagh H. , Scheffel J. , Doehn J. M. , Hippenstiel S. , Maurer M. , Gounni A. S. , Kuebler W. M. , Suttorp N. , Witzenrath M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundSpleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is an intracellular nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, which has been implicated as central immune modulator promoting allergic airway inflammation. Syk inhibition has been proposed as a new therapeutic approach in asthma. However, the direct effects of Syk inhibition on airway constriction independent of allergen sensitization remain elusive.MethodsSpectral confocal microscopy of human and murine lung tissue was performed to localize Syk expression. The effects of prophylactic or therapeutic Syk inhibition on allergic airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling were analyzed in allergen‐sensitized and airway‐challenged mice. The effects of Syk inhibitors BAY 61‐3606 or BI 1002494 on airway function were investigated in isolated lungs of wild‐type, PKCα‐deficient, mast cell‐deficient, or eNOS‐deficient mice.ResultsSpleen tyrosine kinase expression was found in human and murine airway smooth muscle cells. Syk inhibition reduced allergic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and pulmonary collagen deposition. In naïve mice, Syk inhibition diminished airway responsiveness independently of mast cells, or PKCα or eNOS expression and rapidly reversed established bronchoconstriction independently of NO. Simultaneous inhibition of Syk and PKC revealed additive dilatory effects, whereas combined inhibition of Syk and rho kinase or Syk and p38 MAPK did not cause additive bronchodilation.ConclusionsSpleen tyrosine kinase inhibition directly attenuates airway smooth muscle cell contraction independent of its protective immunomodulatory effects on allergic airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling. Syk mediates bronchoconstriction in a NO‐independent manner, presumably via rho kinase and p38 MAPK, and Syk inhibition might present a promising therapeutic approach in chronic asthma as well as acute asthma attacks.
Comparison of the single dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of two novel oral formulations of dimethandrolone undecanoate (DMAU): a potential oral, male contraceptive
Authors: Ayoub R. , Page S. T. , Swerdloff R. S. , Liu P. Y. , Amory J. K. , Leung A. , Hull L. , Blithe D. , Christy A. , Chao J. H. , Bremner W. J. , Wang C. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryDimethandrolone (DMA, 7α,11β‐dimethyl‐19‐nortestosterone) has both androgenic and progestational activities, ideal properties for a male hormonal contraceptive. In vivo, dimethandrolone undecanoate (DMAU) is hydrolyzed to DMA. We showed previously that single oral doses of DMAU powder in capsule taken with food are well tolerated and effective at suppressing both LH and testosterone (T), but absorption was low. We compared the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two new formulations of DMAU, in castor oil and in self‐emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), with the previously tested powder formulation. DMAU was dosed orally in healthy adult male volunteers at two academic medical centers. For each formulation tested in this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, 10 men received single, escalating, oral doses of DMAU (100, 200, and 400 mg) and two subjects received placebo. All doses were evaluated for both fasting and with a high fat meal. All three formulations were well tolerated without clinically significant changes in vital signs, blood counts, or serum chemistries. For all formulations, DMA and DMAU showed higher maximum (p < 0.007) and average concentrations (p < 0.002) at the 400 mg dose, compared with the 200 mg dose. The powder formulation resulted in a lower conversion of DMAU to DMA (p = 0.027) compared with both castor oil and SEDDS formulations. DMAU in SEDDS given fasting resulted in higher serum DMA and DMAU concentrations compared to the other two formulations. Serum LH and sex hormone concentrations were suppressed by all formulations of 200 and 400 mg DMAU when administered with food, but only the SEDDS formulation was effectively suppressed serum T when given fasting. We conclude that while all three formulations of oral DMAU are effective and well tolerated when administered with food, DMAU in oil and SEDDS increased conversion to DMA, and SEDDS may have some effectiveness when given fasting. These properties might be advantageous for the application of DMAU as a male contraceptive.
Client‐Related Factors Associated with a “Less than Good” Experience of Midwifery Care during Childbirth in the Netherlands
Authors: Baas Carien I. , Wiegers Therese A. , de Cock T. Paul , Erwich Jan Jaap H. M. , Spelten Evelien R. , de Boer Michiel R. , Hutton Eileen K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundA “less than good” experience during childbirth can affect a mother's early interaction with her child and may significantly influence a woman's emotional well‐being. In this study, we focus on clients who experienced midwifery care provided during childbirth as “less than good” care. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between client‐related factors and the experience of midwifery care during childbirth to improve this care.MethodsThis study was part of the “DELIVER study” where mothers report on the care they received. We used generalized estimation equations to control for correlations within midwife practices. Forward multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to model the client‐related factors associated with the experienced midwifery care during childbirth.ResultsWe included the responses of 2,377 women. In the multivariable logistic regression model, odds of reporting “less than good care” were significantly higher for women who experienced an unplanned cesarean birth (OR 2.21 [CI 1.19–4.09]), an instrumental birth (OR 1.55 [CI 1.08–2.23]), and less control during the dilation phase (OR 0.98 [CI 0.97–0.99]) and pushing phase (OR 0.98 [CI 0.97–0.99]).DiscussionBirth‐related factors were more likely than maternal characteristics to be associated with the experience of midwifery care during childbirth. We conclude that there is room for midwives to improve their care for women during childbirth particularly in improving the patient centeredness of the care provider, using strategies to enhance sense of control, and focusing on the particular needs of those who experience instrumental vaginal or unplanned cesarean births.
Feedback methods for student voice in the digital age
Authors: Zou Di , Lambert James 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCentral to the concept of Student Voice is the communication of student feedback to educators. Feedback can assume a great variety of forms, and effectiveness and appropriacy of different feedback methods may vary. This research investigates student perceptions of two traditional feedback methods—pen‐and‐paper questionnaires and oral question‐and‐answer reports—compared against feedback obtained through the use of three digital technology tools (Socrative, TodaysMeet and Google Drive). The findings suggest that the use of digital technologies in Student Voice contexts is likely to be highly effective due to the overwhelming positive attitude of students towards these tools.
Instructor and adult learner perceptions of the use of Internet‐enabled devices in residential outdoor education programs
Authors: Bolliger Doris U. , Shepherd Craig E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAs more adults frequent wilderness areas, they bring Internet‐enabled devices (e.g., smart phones, tablets) with them. This study focuses on adults' perceptions of these devices in relation to desired outdoor learning experiences. Specifically, researchers examined the perspectives of naturalists who taught outdoor education programs and park visitors who participated in these programs. Using interviews and surveys to consider experiences, researchers found that participants enjoyed instructional Internet use to reduce physical dependence on heavy resources, support learning, engage younger learners and communicate with others. However, clear boundaries were identified regarding when and where these technologies could be used in national park settings.
The effectiveness of digital game‐based vocabulary learning: A framework‐based view of meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Meng‐Hua , Tseng Wen‐Ta , Hsiao Tsung‐Yuan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study presents the results of a meta‐analytic study about the effects of digital game‐based learning (DGBL) on vocabulary. The results of the study showed that the effects of DGBL on vocabulary learning may vary with game design features (Q = 5.857, df = 1, p = .016), but not with learners' age (Q = 0.906, df = 1, p = .341) or linguistic background (Q = 0.0001, df = 1, p = .994). In light of the research findings, Csikszentmihalyi's () Flow Theory was adopted to theorize the role of game design in DGBL. It is proposed that a hierarchy should exist on the “challenge” axis in the Flow Theory, with adventure‐oriented games above non‐adventure‐based games along the “challenge” axis. The theoretical underpinning is that the dynamic equilibrium between challenge and abilities can function independently of the effects of learners' age and linguistic background.
Induced pluripotent stem cells as a new getaway for bone tissue engineering: A systematic review
Authors: Bastami Farshid , Nazeman Pantea , Moslemi Hamidreza , Rezai Rad Maryam , Sharifi Kazem , Khojasteh Arash 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are frequently used for bone regeneration, however, they are limited in quantity. Moreover, their proliferation and differentiation capabilities reduce during cell culture expansion. Potential application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been reported as a promising alternative source for bone regeneration. This study aimed to systematically review the available literature on osteogenic potential of iPSCs and to discuss methods applied to enhance their osteogenic potential.Methods and materialsA thorough search of MEDLINE database was performed from January 2006 to September 2016, limited to English‐language articles. All in vitro and in vivo studies on application of iPSCs in bone regeneration were included.ResultsThe current review is organized according to the PRISMA statement. Studies were categorized according to three different approaches used for osteo‐induction of iPSCs. Data are summarized and reported according to the following variables: types of study, cell sources used for iPSC generation, applied reprogramming methods, applied osteo‐induction methods and treatment groups.ConclusionAccording to the articles reviewed, osteo‐induced iPSCs revealed osteogenic capability equal to or superior than MSCs; cell sources do not significantly affect osteogenic potential of iPSCs; addition of resveratrol to the osteogenic medium (OM) and irradiatiation after osteogenic induction reduce teratoma formation in animal models; transfection with lentiviral bone morphogenetic protein 2 results in higher mineralization compared to osteo‐induction in OM; addition of TGF‐β, IGF‐1 and FGF‐β to OM increases osteogenic capability of iPSCs.
Theorising from the Global Standpoint: Kant and Grotius on Original Common Possession of the Earth
Authors: Huber Jakob 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe paper contrasts Kant's conception of original common possession of the earth with Hugo Grotius's superficially similar notion. The aim is not only to elucidate how much Kant departs from his natural law predecessors—given that Grotius's needs‐based framework very much lines in with contemporary theorists’ tendency to reduce issues of global concern to questions of how to divide the world up, it also seeks to advocate Kant's global thinking as an alternative for current debates. Crucially, it is Kant's radical shift in perspective—from an Archimedean ’view from nowhere‘, to a first‐personal standpoint through which agents reflexively recognise their systematic interdependence in a world of limited space—that provides him with the more thorough and ultimately convincing global standpoint. This standpoint does not come with ready‐made solutions to shared global problems, but provides a promising perspective from which to theorise them.
Realism, Utopianism, and Radical Values
Authors: Raekstad Paul 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOne of the more debated topics in the recent realist literature concerns the compatibility of realism and utopianism. Perhaps the greatest challenge to utopian political thought comes from Bernard Williams' realism, which argues, among other things, that political values should be subject to what he calls the ‘realism constraint’, which rules out utopian arguments based on values which cannot be offered by the state as unrealistic and therefore inadmissible. This article challenges that conclusion in two ways. First, it argues that the rationale for accepting Williams' original argument for the ‘realism constraint’ fails. Secondly, it argues that there is at least one genuinely political value of liberty available which is both compatible with realism and something that cannot be offered by the state, namely that of the political anarchist. This opens the way for far more ambitious and utopian forms of realist political thought and implies that the arguments of what we call political anarchists must be met by (realist) political argumentation, not simply ruled out by methodological stipulation.
Spectral electroencephalography profile of rapid eye movement sleep at sleep onset in narcolepsy type 1
Authors: Pizza F. , Ferri R. , Vandi S. , Rundo F. , Iloti M. , Neccia G. , Plazzi G. 
Published: December 2016

Background and purposeThe sleep‐onset rapid eye movement (REM) period (SOREMP), the hallmark of narcolepsy, may be a specific state and not the simple anticipation of REM sleep.MethodsWe analyzed the electroencephalographic spectral content in untreated patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) during the sleep‐onset period (SOP) and during nocturnal REM sleep in two consecutive nocturnal recordings from 31 patients with NT1 (mean age 34 ± 15 years, 18 males) and a single nocturnal recording from 36 controls (mean age 38 ± 13 years, 21 males).The SOP was defined as the first 10 min starting at the beginning of the first epoch of any sleep stage, and further divided into two consecutive 5‐min periods (SOP‐1 and SOP‐2); 1 min of artifact‐free quiet wakefulness after lights‐off was identified as well as 5 min of REM sleep in the middle of the night and another 5 min during the last REM sleep period. Electroencephalographic spectral analysis was performed using the C3/A2 channel.ResultsThe SOP‐1 and, more strikingly, SOP‐2 had significantly less delta and sigma activity in patients with NT1 in the SOREMP condition versus both controls and patients with NT1 without SOREMP. SOP‐2 also showed less theta and alpha activity. Conversely, sigma and beta activity were more represented during SOREMP compared with the nocturnal REM period in patients with NT1.ConclusionsThe analysis of the SOP supports the concept that SOREMP is a different state compared with both nocturnal REM sleep and non‐REM sleep onset.
Evolution of defects in titanium grade 2 under Ti2+ ion irradiation
Authors: JOUANNY E. , DORIOT S. , MALAPLATE J. , DEHMAS M. , ALLAIS L. , THUAUT M. LE , MILLOT T. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe complexity and diversity of microstructure involved in titanium alloys make it rather difficult to quantitatively describe defect evolution due to irradiation. This paper focuses on defect evolutions of commercially pure titanium grade 2 under Ti2+ ion irradiation considering the effect of dose (0.6 and 3 dpa), temperature (300°C and 430°C) and flux (15:1 ratio). An irradiation damage profile was predicted using SRIM software to obtain a homogeneous damage on at least 500 nm depth for TEM observations and simulated using JANNUS‐Saclay facility. The details regarding the quantification methodologies of the defects from dark field images are provided, as are the origins of the associated uncertainties. In addition to a tangled dislocation network, presence of the <a>‐type and <c>‐component loops is observed. The latter was scarcely reported in the literature in the case of titanium alloys. At low temperature, the size distribution of the <a>‐type dislocation loops remained similar regardless of the dose and flux whereas these parameters have highly influence at 430°C. A widening of the size distribution and an increase of the threshold incubation dose (TID) was noted with the temperature. In the case of the <c>‐component loops, it was shown that the nucleation occurred in spite of the 0.6 dpa low dose.
Coping and caring: support resources integral to perioperative nurses during the process of organ procurement surgery
Authors: Smith Zaneta , Leslie Gavin , Wynaden Dianne 
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectivesTo discuss and explore the levels of support provided to perioperative nurses when participating in multi‐organ procurement surgery and the impact to their overall well‐being.BackgroundAssisting within multi‐organ procurement surgical procedures has been recognised to impact on the well‐being of perioperative nurses leaving little opportunity for them to recover from their participation or to seek available support resources. To date, this area has remained largely unexplored with limited evidence of how nurses manage and cope with these procedures, in addition to the support received in the workplace.DesignA qualitative grounded theory method.MethodsThe study was informed by perioperative nurses (n = 35) who had previous participatory experience in these surgical procedures from two Australian states. Theoretical sampling directed the collection of data via semistructured in‐depth interviews. Data were analysed using the constant comparative method.ResultsThree components of levels of support were identified from the data: lacking support within the operating room organisation; surgical team support and access to external professional support.ConclusionThese findings offer new insights into how nurses manage and cope with their participation in organ procurement surgical procedures and what types of support resources can be seen as barriers or enablers to their overall experiences. The need for timely and adequate support is vital to their overall well‐being and future participation in organ procurement surgery. These findings have the potential to guide further research with implications for clinical initiatives and practices, looking at new ways of supporting perioperative nurses within the clinical environment both locally and internationally.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare organisations need to acknowledge the emotional, psychosocial and psychological health and well‐being of nurses impacted by these surgical procedures and provide appropriate and timely clinical support within the work environment.