bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tertiary Lymphoid Structure in Dental Pulp: The Role in Combating Bacterial Infections
Authors: Li Ruiqi , Gu Fan , Peng Linlin , Huan Tingting , Zhou Zhuo , Song Yaling , He Jinmei , Ye Kaili , Sun Yao , Li Tiejun , He Miao , Bian Zhuan , Yin Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is associated with various pathologies, including those of cancers and chronic infections. Depending on the organ, multiple factors regulate the formation of TLS. However, the role of TLS in immune response and the molecules that drive its formation remain uncertain. The dental pulp, includes a few immune cells surrounded by rigid mineralized tissue, and opens to the outside through the apical foramen. Owing to this special organization, the dental pulp generates a directional immune response to bacterial infection. Considering this aspect, the dental pulp is an ideal model for comprehensively studying the TLS. In the present study, single‐cell RNA sequencing of healthy and inflamed human dental pulp reveals known markers of TLS, including C‐C motif chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19), lysosome‐associated membrane glycoprotein 3 (LAMP3), CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), and CD86, present in inflamed dental pulp. Compared with the healthy pulp, types and proportions of immune cells increase, along with enhanced cellular communication. Multiple immunofluorescence staining reveals that typical TLS emerges in dental pulp with pulpitis, consistent with the high expression of CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), which may be a key driver of TLS formation. Moreover, TLS is also observed in a mouse model of pulpitis. These findings collectively offer insights into the formation and function of TLS in response to infection.
Pathological Microenvironment‐Remodeling Nanoparticles to Alleviate Liver Fibrosis: Reversing Hepatocytes‐Hepatic Stellate Cells Malignant Crosstalk
Authors: Zhang Ling‐Feng , Deng Wen‐Qi , Wang Xing‐Huan , Huang Qing‐Wen , Liang Su‐Qing , Ding Ze‐Quan , Qi Liang , Wang Yi , Zhou Tian‐Jiao , Xing Lei , Lee Jai‐Woo , Oh Yu‐Kyoung , Jiang Hu‐Lin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuring the onset and malignant development of liver fibrosis, the pernicious interplay between damaged hepatocytes and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) induce a self‐perpetuating vicious cycle, deteriorating fibrosis progression and posing a grave threat to public health. The secretions released by damaged hepatocytes and activated HSCs interact through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms, involving multiple signaling pathways. This interaction creates a harsh microenvironment and weakens the therapeutic efficacy of single‐cell‐centric drugs. Herein, a malignant crosstalk‐blocking strategy is prompted to remodel vicious cellular interplay and reverse pathological microenvironment to put an end to liver fibrosis. Collagenases modified, bardoxolone and siTGF‐β co‐delivered nanoparticles (C‐NPs/BT) are designed to penetrate the deposited collagen barriers and further regulate the cellular interactions through upregulating anti‐oxidative stress capacity and eliminating the pro‐fibrogenic effects of TGF‐β. The C‐NPs/BT shows successful remodeling of vicious cellular crosstalk and significant disease regression in animal models. This study presents an innovative strategy to modulate cellular interactions for enhanced anti‐fibrotic therapy and suggests a promising approach for treating other chronic liver diseases.
Influence of Intermolecular Interactions on the Photophysical Properties of Carbazolyl Phosphorescent Molecules
Authors: Guan Tiantian , Yang Yonggang , Liu Yang , Jiang Zhinan , Zhuang Chunsheng , Liu Yufang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe photophysical properties of three carbazolyl phosphorescent molecules with similar structures‐5‐(9H‐carbazole‐9‐group) nicotinitrile (P35N), 5‐(9H‐carbazole‐9‐group) nicotinamide (P35M) and 2‐(9H‐carbazole‐9‐group) isonicotinamide (P25M)‐are investigated theoretically. The influence on luminescence is primarily elucidated through an analysis of geometry, electronic structure, and the dynamic processes occurring within the excited state. Structural analysis indicates that P35M exhibits the most effective luminescence due to minimal structural changes, reduced separation between the electron and hole, and enhanced intermolecular interactions within the crystal. Excited state dynamics and recombination energy analysis indicate that the higher triplet exciton population in the P35M molecule contributes to its long‐lived phosphorescence. Furthermore, the intersystem crossing process for the three molecules is predominantly governed by low‐frequency torsional rotation, while bond stretching vibrations are the primary factor leading to the inactivation of non‐radiative processes. The distinct vibrational channels associated with reverse intersystem crossing and non‐radiative processes present opportunities for further enhancement of the phosphorescent characteristics of these molecules.
Precisely Prepared Hierarchical Micelles of Polyfluorene‐block‐Polythiophene‐block‐Poly(phenyl isocyanide) via Crystallization‐Driven Self‐Assembly
Authors: Pan Ya‐Nan , Ye Chen‐Chen , Huang Si‐Lin , Wang Chao , Han Man‐Yi , Xu Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe precise preparation of hierarchical micelles is a fundamental challenge in modern materials science and chemistry. Herein, poly(di‐n‐hexylfluorene)‐block‐poly(3‐tetraethylene glycol thiophene) (poly(1m‐b‐2n)) diblock copolymers and polyfluorene‐block‐polythiophene‐block‐poly(phenyl isocyanide) triblock copolymers were synthesized using a one‐pot process via the sequential addition of corresponding monomers using a Ni(II) complex as a single catalyst for living/controlled polymerization. The crystallization‐driven self‐assembly of amphiphilic conjugated poly(1m‐b‐2n) led to the formation of nanofibers with controlled lengths and narrow dispersity. The block copolymers exhibited white, yellow, and red emissions in different self‐assembly states. By using uniform poly(1m‐b‐2n) nanofibers as seeds, introducing the polyfluorene‐block‐polythiophene‐block‐poly(phenyl isocyanide) triblock polymer as a unimer in the seed growth process, and adjusting the structure of the poly(phenyl isocyanide) block and the polarity of self‐assembly solvent, A−B−A triblock micelles, multiarm branched micelles, and raft micelles were prepared.
Aktivierung von Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff Bindungen durch Chrom(I): Spaltung von Dialkinen durch einen 11‐Elektronenkomplex
Authors: Braun Felix , Bruckhoff Tim , Ott Jonas C. , Ballmann Joachim , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEin T‐förmiger Chrom(I)‐11‐Elektronenkomplex wurde durch Reduktion eines [PNP]‐stabilisierten Chrom(II)iodid‐Komplexes erhalten. Seine high‐spin d5‐Elektronenkonfiguration wurde mittels paramagnetischer NMR‐, EPR‐, UV/Vis‐ und magnetischer Messungen (SQUID) charakterisiert. Der Komplex reagiert leicht mit konjugierten Dialkinen unter Spaltung der internen C−C‐Bindung und Ausbildung des jeweiligen Acetylidkomplexes. Variation der Alkinsubstituenten ermöglichte die Isolierung und Charakterisierung von zweikernigen Dialkindichrom‐Intermediaten, die sich thermisch in die Produkte umwandeln.
Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery for Lumbar Decompression or Disc Herniation
Authors: Karasin Beth , Kleban Monica , Rizzo Gina , Hardinge Tara , Eskuchen Lauren , Watkinson Johanna 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMany people experience low back pain caused by degenerative disease of the lumbar spine; this includes spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, disc degeneration, and disc herniation. Conservative management of degenerative disease, which includes physical therapy, lifestyle modifications, and medications, is the initial approach. If this approach fails, a surgical procedure may be the next step. Previously, open lumbar surgery would have been the planned procedure; today, minimally invasive spine surgery gives patients another choice. Perioperative nurses should understand how minimally invasive spine surgery differs from the open procedure, the steps involved during a minimally invasive procedure, the benefits of this type of procedure, and nursing considerations for patients undergoing minimally invasive spinal procedures.
Solutions for Reducing Perioperative Supply Waste
Authors: Gonzalez Robert 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHealth care costs continue to increase in the United States, and unused perioperative supplies can contribute to both these costs and increased waste. Reducing perioperative waste can decrease hospital costs and promote sustainability. Perioperative leaders can consider a variety of solutions to decrease unused perioperative supplies, including streamlining and standardizing surgical packs, implementing surgeon scorecards and a surgical receipt system, and updating surgeon preference cards. The available literature does not provide data on waste reduction for all listed solutions; however, these initiatives have had positive financial effects for hospitals through either direct cost reduction or cost avoidance. Although the cost of implementation may vary among hospitals, streamlining surgical packs (including custom packs) appears to be an effective solution with a lower cost than other strategies, and avoids the wasting of opened supplies that are not needed.
Patient Readiness for Surgery: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Franklin Sativa (Tiva) , Lee Amy S. D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe use of a surgical safety checklist can help prevent sentinel events; however, a lack of adherence to the checklist can result in inadequate preoperative patient readiness and negative outcomes. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to address preoperative concerns that prevent patient readiness in a military hospital. To change practice, the project involved the use of an evidence‐based practice model and Kurt Lewin's change theory. The primary investigator provided an educational initiative on the required checklist for perioperative personnel and collected data on key elements (ie, consent completion, laboratory test results, antibiotic availability, checklist completion) for 30 days after the initiative. Consent completion rates were 100% both before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis (chi‐square [χ2]) showed significant improvement for the remaining three elements. The results were the most significant for laboratory test results (χ21 = 33.496, P < .00001).
Effects of fluorination of benzothiadiazole units on the properties of alternating cyclopentadithiophene/benzothiadiazole donor/acceptor polymers
Authors: Alqurashy Bakhet A. , Iraqi Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA set of narrow bandgap conjugated polymers was prepared, using cyclopentadithiophene (CDT) donor units coupled with benzothiadiazole (BT) acceptor units substituted with either no fluorine atoms (A1), one fluorine atom (A2) or two fluorine atoms (A3), using the Stille cross coupling reaction. The addition of two electron‐withdrawing fluorine atoms to the BT units was observed to deepen the HOMO energy level of the resulting copolymer, while only slightly affecting the LUMO level, as evidenced by cyclic voltammetry examination. The alternating copolymers (CDT‐A1, CDT‐A2 and CDT‐A3) possess small optical bandgaps of 1.37, 1.43 and 1.51 eV (which should efficiently harvest a broad part of the solar spectrum), and a moderate HOMO level of −5.00, −5.05 and −5.12 eV, respectively. CDT‐A3 displayed the highest optical/electrochemical‐bandgap and the deepest HOMO level, a consequence of the addition of the fluorine atoms on the BT moieties. Inclusion of two fluorine atoms resulted in sharper X‐ray diffraction peaks in the CDT‐A3 copolymer with respect to its analogues CDT‐A1 and CDT‐A2 copolymer indicating a greater crystallinity. These findings clearly demonstrate that fluorination of BT units is an effective approach for adjusting the energy levels and optical properties of BT‐based materials for use in organic solar cells devices as well as for other applications.
High rubber elasticity and thermal conductivity in plasticized polyvinyl chloride film with flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties
Authors: Zhang Chundie , Chai Ruidan , Chen Tingting , Zhang Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor hydrogenated nitrile‐butadiene rubber (HNBR) modified polyvinyl chloride (PVC), magnesium hydroxide and antimony trioxide are frequently employed as flame retardants. Fume silica is thought to be useful reinforced agent for rubber as well as efficient flame retardant for polymer‐based composites. The plasticized PVC and HNBR blend in this work were combined with three fillers mentioned above to create rubber‐plastic composites that performed well overall, with a notable improvement in combustion. The limiting oxygen index of the composites increased from 23.7% to 33.8% with no droplets falling during combustion, the smoke density rating decreased from 23.8% to 7.9%, and the maximum smoke density dropped from 95.5% to 15.5%. The cone calorimetry test findings revealed that the three fillers simultaneously prevented the emission of smoke and heat from combustion. High thermal conductivity is typically linked to excellent flame retardancy. The thermal conductivity of composites rose from 0.193 to 0.583 W m−1 K−1 with the addition of fillers. Furthermore, the low glass transition temperature and permanent set of improved composites reflect its softness and rubber elasticity. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to examine the thermal stability of the composites in nitrogen and air, and the results indicated the addition of fillers improved the thermal stability.
Effect and mechanism of phenyl content on the electrical insulation properties of silicone rubber
Authors: Guo Hao , Yang JingJing , Deng WenHao , Li XueJing , Nie Yongjie , Zhu YuanWei , Li GuoChang , Wei YanHui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSilicone rubber is widely used in reinforced insulation of cable accessories due to its good electrical insulation and weather resistance. With the continuous improvement of high voltage transmission grade, higher requirements are put forward for the electrical insulation performance. The effect and mechanism of phenyl content on the electrical insulation properties of silicone rubber are investigated by the method of combination of experiments and molecular simulations. The experimental results show that the properties of silicone rubber are improved with the increase of phenyl content. Among them, the silicone rubber composite with phenyl content of 20 wt% has the best comprehensive performance. Compared with vinyl silicone rubber, the dielectric constant at 50 Hz decreases from 3.50 to 2.95, and the breakdown strength increases by 38.03%, from 56.59 to 78.11 kV/mm. In addition, the tensile strength and elongation at break are 5.44 MPa and 456%, respectively. The molecular simulation results show that with the increase of phenyl content, the glass transition temperature increases, the mean square displacement decreases, and the free volume decreases, which macroscopically leads to the change of electrical properties of the silicone rubber material. This work has a certain guiding significance for improving the electrical properties of silicone rubber for cable accessories.
Anode‐Free Solid‐State Rechargeable Batteries: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Design Strategies
Authors: Tang Zhenwei , Han Chao , Li Weijie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnode‐free solid‐state alkali metal batteries (AFSSAMBs) have emerged as promising high‐performance battery systems, attracting significant scientific interest due to their exceptional safety, high theoretical energy density, and cost‐effectiveness. Recently, extensive research efforts have focused on addressing the key issues impeding their practical deployment, primarily centered around severe dendrite growth, unstable electrolyte‐electrode interface, and low Coulombic efficiency. Despite this progress, a comprehensive framework for the fundamental understanding of AFSSAMBs is still lacking. This paper presents a comprehensive concept, outlining detailed construction, mechanisms, challenges, and strategies of AFSSAMBs. First, the basic configuration and internal mechanisms of AFSSAMBs are summarized. Subsequently, we discuss the existing challenges hindering the cycling lifespan of AFSSAMBs, offering several promising approaches to overcome these obstacles. In the end, insightful perspectives and viewpoints are briefly proposed on the further developments of AFSSAMBs.
Combination therapy using low‐dose anlotinib and immune checkpoint inhibitors for extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Han , Yuan Shumin , Wu Han , Wang Yajie , Ma Yichen , Tang Xiance , Fu Xiaomin , Zhao Lingdi , Xu Benling , Li Tiepeng , Qin Peng , You Hongqin , Han Lu , Wang Zibing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the efficacy and safety of low‐dose anlotinib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors as second‐line or later treatment for extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC).MethodsThe study included 42 patients with ES‐SCLC who were treated with low‐dose anlotinib combined with programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death‐ligand 1 inhibitors at Henan Cancer Hospital between March 2019 and August 2022. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety data for these patients. Indicators assessed included progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), the overall response rate (ORR), the disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events (AEs). Prognostic factors were identified in univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsMedian PFS was 11.0 months (95% CI: 7.868–14.132) and median OS was 17.3 months (95% CI: 11.517–23.083). The ORR was 28.5% and the DCR was 95.2%. Treatment‐related AEs were noted in 27 patients (64.3%), the most common of which was thyroid dysfunction (26.2%). Grade 3/4 treatment‐related AEs were observed in two patients (4.8%).ConclusionsA combination of low‐dose anlotinib and immune checkpoint inhibitors as second‐line or later treatment for ES‐SCLC may achieve longer PFS and OS and have manageable AEs.
Bispecific Antibodies, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, and Antibody−Drug Conjugates Directing Antitumor Immune Responses: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Li Chen Lu , Ma Xin Yuan , Yi Ping 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTumor immunotherapy includes bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), vaccines, and adoptive cell immunotherapy. BsAbs belong to the family of antibodies that can specifically target two or more different antigens and are a promising option for tumor immunotherapy. Immune checkpoints are antibodies targeting PD‐1, PD‐L1, and CTLA4 and have demonstrated remarkable therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of hematological and solid tumors, whose combination therapies have been shown to synergistically enhance the antitumor effects of BsAbs. In addition, the clinical efficacy of existing monoclonal antibodies targeting PD‐1 (e.g., ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and cemiplimab) and PD‐L1 (e.g., atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab) could also be enhanced by conjugation to small drugs as antibody−drug conjugates (ADCs). The development of truly effective therapies for patients with treatment‐resistant cancers can be achieved by optimizing the various components of ADCs.
A Universal Support for the Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Peptidyl‐tRNA Mimics
Authors: Thaler Julia , Mitteregger Christoph , Flemmich Laurin , Micura Ronald 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHydrolysis‐resistant RNA‐peptide conjugates that mimic peptidyl‐tRNAs are often required for structural and functional studies of protein synthesis at the ribosome. These conjugates can be synthesized by solid‐phase chemical synthesis, which allows maximum flexibility in both the peptide and RNA sequence. The commonly used strategy is based on (3’‐N‐aminoacyl)‐3’‐amino‐3’‐deoxyadenosine solid supports, which already contain the first C‐terminal amino acid of the target peptidyl chain. This is a limitation in the sense that different individual supports must be synthesized for different C‐terminal amino acids. In this study, we demonstrate a solution to this problem by introducing a novel universal support. The key is a free ribose 3’‐NH2 group that can be coupled to any amino acid. This is made possible by a photocleavable ether moiety that links the ribose 2’‐O to the support, thus avoiding the typical O‐to‐N migration that occurs when using 2’‐O‐acyl linked solid supports. Once assembled, the conjugate is readily cleaved by UV irradiation. The structural integrity of the obtained peptidyl‐RNA conjugates was verified by mass spectrometry analysis. In conclusion, the new photocleavable solid support makes the synthesis of 3’‐peptidyl tRNA mimics of different peptidyl chains significantly more efficient compared to the commonly used approaches.
The diagnostic challenge of coexisting systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis in a young male: Rare but real
Authors: Charbel Tatiana , Akiki Dany , El Hage Said , Moukarzel Gaby , Assaf Elie 
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe coexistence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is exceptionally rare, especially in males. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment with immunomodulatory therapies like rituximab, which can lead to sustained remission in patients with overlapping autoimmune disorders.
Pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐Tetraone‐Based Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Production of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Cheng Miao , Wang He , Cao Linzhu , Shao Jingjing , He Yuxuan , Tao Xin , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThree pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone‐based porous aromatic frameworks (PT‐PAFs) are synthesized and their photocatalytic properties for H2O2 production are studied. It is found that the combination of pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone with anthraquinone affords an efficient PT‐PAF photocatalyst (PAF‐371) for H2O2 production, which achieves production rates of 3791 µmol g−1 h−1 (with sacrificial reagent) and 923 µmol g−1 h−1 (without sacrificial reagent) from water and oxygen under visible light irradiation. This work demonstrates that pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone molecule could be introduced into PAF materials to construct efficient organic semiconductor photocatalysts for H2O2 production.
Synthesis of Ru‐PNPC Pincer Complexes and Applications in Catalytic Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Kempf Hendrik A. , López Robledo Germán , Spannenberg Anke , Junge Kathrin , Jiao Haijun , Junge Henrik , Beller Matthias 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe reaction of N,N‐bis(2‐(diisopropylphosphaneyl)ethyl)prop‐2‐yn‐1‐amine 1 with [Ru(CO)ClH(PPh3)3] leads to the formation of a new class of cyclometallated PNPC pincer complexes. Several examples of this class of compounds are synthesized and characterized. They, specifically complexes 2 and 3, show good to excellent activity and selectivity in additive‐free formic acid dehydrogenation, and transfer (de)hydrogenation reactions of different functional groups (ketone, alkyne, and alcohol). Theoretical and experimental studies reveal two competing pathways for the dehydrogenation of formic acid. The Ru‐H pathway proceeds via the coordination site trans to the propylene arm of the ligand, whereas in the Ru‐C pathway, a de‐coordination of the propylene arm is observed.