bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reply to Commentaries on “Are People Born to be Believers, or are Gods Born to be Believed?”
Authors: Shook John R. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The four commentaries on my article “Are People Born to be Believers, or are Gods Born to be Believed?” only indirectly address my main argument that god-belief is not an innate (natural, normal, and so on) capacity of all humanity. Although scientific disciplines dispute criteria for innate biological functions, there remains little scien-tific evidence of an inherent capacity to our species for getting acquainted with any deity. Theologies looking to science may hope that the right sort of god best fits the right sort of brain. Methodologies for scientifically studying religion should not be in-fluenced by such normative presumptions.
On Naturalness, Innateness, and God-beliefs: A Reply to Shook
Authors: Barrett Justin L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractShook (2017) argues that if god-beliefs are “innate,” one is obligated to be skeptical about them by virtue of their mutually incompatible plurality and nativist origin. Second, Shook suggests that even if god-beliefs are not innate, it is still epistemically vicious to believe in gods. Shook also raises concerns about using theology to motivate or interpret scientific inquiry. This response essay clarifies the character of the theories offered in the cognitive science of religion (csr), including rejecting that innateness of god-beliefs is a common view. Shook’s primary claims are then evaluated with the conclusion that they are not adequately argued or substantiated.
WGNE Intercomparison of Tropical Cyclone Forecasts by Operational NWP Models: A Quarter Century and Beyond
Authors: Yamaguchi Munehiko , Ishida Junichi , Sato Hitoshi , Nakagawa Masayuki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts of operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models have been compared and verified by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) under an intercomparison project of the Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WGNE) since 1991. This intercomparison has promoted validation of the global models in the tropics and subtropics. The results have demonstrated a steady increase in the global models’ ability to predict TC positions over the past quarter century.The intercomparison study started from verification for TCs in the western North Pacific basin with three global models. Up to the present date, the verification has been extended to all ocean basins where TCs regularly occur, and 12 global models participated in the project. In recent years, the project has been extended to include verification of intensity forecasts and forecasts by regional models.This intercomparison project has seen a significant improvement in TC track forecasts, both globally and in each TC basin. In the western North Pacific, for example, we have succeeded in obtaining an approximately 2.5-day lead-time improvement. The project has also demonstrated the benefits of multicenter track forecasts (i.e., consensus forecasts). Finally, the paper considers future challenges to TC track forecasting by NWP models that have been identified at the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO’s) Eighth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones (IWTC-8). We discuss the priorities and key issues in further improving the accuracy of TC track forecasts, reducing cases of large position errors, and enhancing the use of ensemble information.
Public Health Genomics (PHG): From Scientific Considerations to Ethical Integration
Authors: Farmer Yanick , Godard Béatrice 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the human genome have raised high hopes for the creation of personalized medicine able to predict diseases well before they occur, or that will lead to individualized and therefore more effective treatments. This possibility of a more accurate science of the prevention and surveillance of disease also illuminates the field of public health, where the translation of genomic knowledge could provide tools enhancing the capacity of public health authorities to promote health and prevent diseases. But beyond scientific considerations, the use of genomics in public health research and interventions gives rise to several ethical and social issues of great importance. Considering the impact that PHG could have on the future of public health while still paying attention to the uncertainty surrounding the use of genomic databases for the benefit of populations, this article seeks to explore the promise of genomics in public health and the ethical issues that emerge from its application.
Job loss and the mental health of spouses and adolescent children
Authors: Bubonya Melisa , Cobb-Clark Deborah A. , Wooden Mark 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPanel data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey are used to examine the impact of involuntary job loss on the mental health of spouses and adolescent children. Estimates from fixed effects models show that the mental health of women (but not men) declines following a spouse’s job loss, but only if that job loss results in a sustained period of non-employment or if the couple experienced prior financial hardship or relationship strain. A negative effect of parental job loss on the mental health of adolescent children is also found but is restricted to girls.JEL Classification: I31, J10, J65
Differences in Blood Pressure in Infants After General Anesthesia Compared to Awake Regional Anesthesia (GAS Study—A Prospective Randomized Trial)
Authors: McCann M. E. , Withington D. E. , Arnup S. J. , Davidson A. J. , Disma N. , Frawley G. , Morton N. S. , Bell G. , Hunt R. W. , Bellinger D. C. , Polaner D. M. , Leo A. , Absalom A. R. , von Ungern-Sternberg B. S. , Izzo F. , Szmuk P . , Young V. , Soriano S. G. , de Graaff J. C. 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND:
The General Anesthesia compared to Spinal anesthesia (GAS) study is a prospective randomized, controlled, multisite, trial designed to assess the influence of general anesthesia (GA) on neurodevelopment at 5 years of age. A secondary aim obtained from the blood pressure data of the GAS trial is to compare rates of intraoperative hypotension after anesthesia and to identify risk factors for intraoperative hypotension.

METHODS:
A total of 722 infants ≤60 weeks postmenstrual age undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy were randomized to either bupivacaine regional anesthesia (RA) or sevoflurane GA. Exclusion criteria included risk factors for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome and infants born at <26 weeks of gestation. Moderate hypotension was defined as mean arterial pressure measurement of <35 mm Hg. Any hypotension was defined as mean arterial pressure of <45 mm Hg. Epochs were defined as 5-minute measurement periods. The primary outcome was any measured hypotension <35 mm Hg from start of anesthesia to leaving the operating room. This analysis is reported primarily as intention to treat (ITT) and secondarily as per protocol.

RESULTS:
The relative risk of GA compared with RA predicting any measured hypotension of <35 mm Hg from the start of anesthesia to leaving the operating room was 2.8 (confidence interval [CI], 2.0–4.1; P < .001) by ITT analysis and 4.5 (CI, 2.7–7.4, P < .001) as per protocol analysis. In the GA group, 87% and 49%, and in the RA group, 41% and 16%, exhibited any or moderate hypotension by ITT, respectively. In multivariable modeling, group assignment (GA versus RA), weight at the time of surgery, and minimal intraoperative temperature were risk factors for hypotension. Interventions for hypotension occurred more commonly in the GA group compared with the RA group (relative risk, 2.8, 95% CI, 1.7–4.4 by ITT).

CONCLUSIONS:
RA reduces the incidence of hypotension and the chance of intervention to treat it compared with sevoflurane anesthesia in young infants undergoing inguinal hernia repair.
Exploitation of the host cell ubiquitin machinery by microbial effector proteins
Authors: Lin Yi-Han , Machner Matthias P. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Pathogenic bacteria are in a constant battle for survival with their host. In order to gain a competitive edge, they employ a variety of sophisticated strategies that allow them to modify conserved host cell processes in ways that favor bacterial survival and growth. Ubiquitylation, the covalent attachment of the small modifier ubiquitin to target proteins, is such a pathway. Ubiquitylation profoundly alters the fate of a myriad of cellular proteins by inducing changes in their stability or function, subcellular localization or interaction with other proteins. Given the importance of ubiquitylation in cell development, protein homeostasis and innate immunity, it is not surprising that this post-translational modification is exploited by a variety of effector proteins from microbial pathogens. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the many ways microbes take advantage of host ubiquitylation, along with some surprising deviations from the canonical theme. The lessons learned from the in-depth analyses of these host–pathogen interactions provide a fresh perspective on an ancient post-translational modification that we thought was well understood.
This article is part of a Minifocus on Ubiquitin Regulation and Function. For further reading, please see related articles: ‘Mechanisms of regulation and diversification of deubiquitylating enzyme function’ by Pawel Leznicki and Yogesh Kulathu (J. Cell Sci. 130, 1997–2006). ‘Cell scientist to watch – Mads Gyrd-Hansen' (J. Cell Sci. 130, 1981–1983).
Genome-wide screen for cell growth regulators in fission yeast
Authors: Weston Louise , Greenwood Jessica , Nurse Paul 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Cellular growth control is important for all living organisms, but experimental investigation into this problem is difficult because of the complex range of growth regulatory mechanisms. Here, we have used the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe to identify potential master regulators of growth. At the restrictive temperature, the S. pombe pat1ts mei4Δ strain enters the meiotic developmental program, but arrests in meiotic G2 phase as mei4+ is essential for meiotic progression. These cells do not grow, even in an abundance of nutrients. To identify regulators of growth that can reverse this growth arrest, we introduced an ORFeome plasmid library into the pat1tsmei4Δ strain. Overexpression of eight genes promoted cell growth; two of these were core RNA polymerase subunits, and one was sck2+, an S6 kinase thought to contribute to TORC1 signalling. Sck2 had the greatest effect on cell growth, and we also show that it significantly increases the cellular transcription rate. These findings indicate, for the first time, that global transcriptional control mediated through S6 kinase signalling is central to cellular growth control.
A Review of Adult Idiopathic and Degenerative Scoliosis
Authors: Sheikh Fatima 
Published: May 2017

Adult scoliosis can be classified into two groups, either degenerative scoliosis or idiopathic scoliosis. These two types of scoliosis vary in patient age, progression, and physical presentation. In adult idiopathic scoliosis, spurs form as a result of the onset of arthritis in the joints of the spine, resulting in back pain and in many cases deformity. On the other hand, in adult degenerative scoliosis, the degeneration of discs can lead to numbness and shooting pains that radiate down the leg. It is for this reason that surgical methods must be carefully weighed and considered to account for the major symptoms to prevent postoperative complications. With improvements in surgical treatments, more attention should be paid to improving the patient’s quality of life as a part of the follow up procedures. Ultimately, once a diagnosis has been reached, based on the symptoms and any other illnesses, all aspects of the treatment should be considered in order to prevent postoperative complications, to relieve symptoms and to improve overall quality of life. A variety of papers and studies were thoroughly reviewed and studied before writing this review paper, including “Evaluation of quality of life and risk factors affecting quality go life in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis” and “Surgical Treatment of Adult Degenerative Scoliosis”.La scoliose — plus spécifiquement la scoliose adulte — peut être classée en deux catégories, soit la scoliose adulte dégénérative ou la scoliose adulte idiopathique. Ces deux types de scoliose varient en fonction de l'âge du patient, la progression, et la représentation physique. Dans la scoliose adulte idiopathique, la formation d’éperons survient à cause de l’arthrite dans les articulations de la colonne vertébrale ce qui entraîne des douleurs au dos et dans de nombreux cas, une difformité. D'autre part, dans la scoliose adulte dégénérative, la dégénérescence des disques peut engendrer un engourdissement et des douleurs fulgurantes qui irradient jusqu’au bas de la jambe. C’est pour cela que les méthodes chirurgicales doivent être mûrement réfléchies et dûment évaluées pour tenir compte des principaux symptômes afin de prévenir les complications postopératoires. Avec le progrès des traitements chirurgicaux, plus d'attention devrait être accordée à l'amélioration de la qualité de vie du patient dans les procédures de suivi. En fin de compte, une fois que le diagnostic a été déterminé, les symptômes et tout autres maladies, ainsi que tous les aspects du traitement doivent être envisagés afin de prévenir les complications postopératoires, soulager les symptômes et améliorer la qualité de vie globale.
Le potentiel thérapeutique d’un lipide de l’avocat (avocatin B) pour le traitement des leucémies aiguës myéloblastiques
Authors: Omaiche Tarek 
Published: May 2017

De nos jours, le traitement le plus répandu contre les cancers est la chimiothérapie. C'est une pratique qui se résume à l’utilisation des médicaments qui tuent les cellules qui se divisent rapidement. Cependant, la chimiothérapie est inefficace pour le traitement de certains cancers comme la leucémie aigüe myéloblastique(LMA).Ce type du cancer affecte les cellules souches responsables de la production des plaquettes, des globules rouges et blancs. Cette approche est souvent trop intense puisqu’elle tue les normales cellulaires qui sont important pour la fonction du corps. Dans ce contexte, le professeur Paul Spagnuolo et son équipe à l’Université de Waterloo ont récemment reporté l’existence d’un lipide de l’avocat nommé l’avocatin B, qui peut efficacement tuer les cellules souches cancéreuses leucémiques sans endommager les cellules souches normales. L’avocatin B affecte l’oxydation des acides gras et réduit la production de l’NADPH, l’NAD et le GSH, des molécules essentielles pour le contrôle du stress oxydatif cellulaire. [1] En absence des défenses anti-oxydantes, les cellules cancéreuses succombent à la mort cellulaire programmée (apoptose).Now a days the most common treatment against cancer is chemotheraphy.This is a practise which uses medications who kills rapidly diving cells.Chemotheraphy is an ineffective treatment against certain cancers like acute myelodi leukemia(AML).This type of cancer affects the stem cells respondisble for the production of platelets,red and white blood cells.This approach is often to much/intense since it kills normal cells which are mportnat for the function of the body.In this context,Dr.Paul Spagnulo and his team at the University of Waterloo have recently reported dthe existence of a lipid in avacodo's called avocatin B,which can effectively kill the cancer cells without damaging the normal cells.Avocatin B affects the oxidation of fatty acids and reduces(?) the production of NADPH, NAD and GSH; molecules that are essential for the control of oxidative stress. [1] These factors eventually lead to a programmed cell death (apoptosis).
Single note dissonance through harmonic self-interference
Authors: Ng Maxwell 
Published: May 2017

In music, dissonance is the unpleasant quality of sound. While dissonance is generally regarded as arising from two notes played simultaneously, low frequency notes sound dissonant when played alone on a piano. I hypothesize that this dissonance arises from the harmonics of the played note interfering with one another. Using the piano as a model, perceived dissonance was calculated through the combination of the two-tone dissonance formula with the A-weighting curve and the different harmonic intensities of a piano. Spectrographs of sample piano notes were used to compare harmonics of low frequency and high frequency notes.Single note dissonance increased rapidly as note frequency decreased. A-weighting had no qualitative effect on the dissonance-frequency trend, implying a physical and not a psychoacoustic cause. As verified in the spectrographs, the lower register note had harmonics closer together, compared to the higher register note. It is thus possible that the harmonics of low notes interfere significantly with each other, thereby producing the observed single-note dissonance.The simulation produces a score for the perceived dissonance of a single-note played on the piano. This analysis could be adapted in the future to other instruments, including aerophones, as well as integrate timbre, partials, and inharmonics. La dissonance musicale et pour la plupart compris en matière de deux notes simultanées. Cependant, les notes de basse fréquence semble en désordre quand ils sont joués seules sur un piano. L’explication proposée dans cet oeuvre est que cette dissonance se produit des harmoniques des notes qui s’interfèrent. Utilisant le piano comme exemple, la dissonance perçue a été calculé par la combination de la formule de dissonance entre deux notes avec la courbe de pondération A et les intensités harmoniques d’un piano. Les spectres sonores des notes de piano ont été utilisés pour la comparaison des notes de basse et haut fréquences. La dissonance des seules notes augmentait rapidement alors que les fréquences des notes diminuaient. La pondération A n’avait pas eu un effet sur la tendance entre la dissonance et les fréquences, qui signifie la présence d’une cause physique au lieu d’une cause auditive. Vérifié dans les spectres sonores, la note de registre inférieur avait ses harmoniques plus proches comparés à la note du registre plus haut. C’est alors possible que les harmoniques des notes des registres inférieurs interfèrent considérablement avec les unes les autres, et produit ainsi la dissonance des seules notes observée dans les calculs. La simulation produit un résultat pour la dissonance perçue sur un piano. Cette analyse pourrait être adaptée dans le futur aux autres instruments, incluant les aérophones, et puis intégrer aussi des analyses de timbre, des tons simples, et des inharmoniques.
A remark on the two-phase obstacle-type problem for the p-Laplacian
Authors: Zheng Jun , Feng Binhua , Zhao Peihao 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we give a remark on the two-phase obstacle-type
problem for the p-Laplacian when

1
<
p
<
2

{1<p<2}

and p is close to 2. We prove that the free boundary where
the gradient vanishes has locally finite

(

n
-
1

)

{(n-1)}

-Hausdorff measure.
Webarchivierung in der SUB Hamburg: kleine Schritte in der Region – Bausteine zu einem größeren Ganzen?
Authors: Hagenah Ulrich 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg sammelt im Rahmen ihres Auftrags als Landes- und Pflichtexemplarbibliothek seit 2015 Websites Hamburger Institutionen bzw. zu regional relevanten Themen. Der Beitrag beschreibt die rechtlichen und technischen Grundlagen, die Prinzipien der Auswahl, den Bearbeitungs-Workflow einschließlich der Katalogisierung sowie die Zugänge zu den Archivkopien der Websites. Diskutiert werden technisch-organisatorische Grenzen und der Stellenwert der Webarchivierung im landesbibliothekarischen Kontext.
The effects of transport by car on coagulation tests
Authors: Ergin Merve , Erdogan Serpil , Akturk Onur , Erel Ozcan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground:This research investigated the effects of the transport of blood samples between centers/laboratories by car on coagulation tests.Methods:Five tubes of blood samples were taken from 20 healthy volunteers. The samples consisted of a baseline (control) group, centrifuged and noncentrifuged transported samples; centrifuged and noncentrifuged untransported samples. The groups of centrifuged and noncentrifuged samples were transported by car for 2 h. The centrifuged and noncentrifuged untransported samples were incubated in the laboratory until the transported samples arrived. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) tests were conducted for all samples.Results:Significant differences between the baseline group and the centrifuged and noncentrifuged transported samples and the noncentrifuged untransported samples were found for APTT levels (p<0.05, for all). In addition, significant mean percentage differences in PT values were found between the baseline group and the noncentrifuged transported samples (p<0.001) and the noncentrifuged untransported samples (p=0.005). The mean level of PT in the noncentrifuged transported samples was outside the upper limit of the clinical decision level.Conclusions:Noncentrifuged transported samples showed clinically significant differences in PT test results that may have stemmed from mechanical agitation during transportation. Therefore, we recommend not transporting noncentrifuged specimens for PT testing by car.
The First IUPAC World Chemistry Congress with a Latin Flavor
Authors: Andricopulo Adriano D. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
On behalf of the Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ) and the IUPAC-2017 Organizing Committee, it is our privilege and great pleasure to invite you to join us in Brazil and actively participate in the 46th World Chemistry Congress of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC-2017), to be held in São Paulo, 9-14 July 2017. Held for the first time ever in South America, this Congress represents a unique opportunity for Brazilians to host chemists from countries worldwide.
IUPAC Facilitating Chemistry Data Exchange in the Digital Era
Authors: McEwen Leah Rae 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The scientific community faces an unprecedented communication challenge as larger volumes of research data are published and data storage moves into digital space. Most communication tasks in chemistry involve representing molecules. Traditionally, these have formalized around the need to register, search, view, and publish information about chemicals for human readers. Data collection and analysis are further described by formalized domain vocabularies. In the digital environment, machine-readability, as well as human interpretation of data, is a significant factor in the level of accuracy and completeness of data exchange. More than ever, there is a need for standard and robust protocols that support reliable interoperability: the transfer of depictions and descriptions of chemicals between systems without loss or distortion of information.