bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiotic engineering in Singapore
Authors: Yeo Wan Ting , Tupas Ruanni 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNational campaigns are an extension of governance that aim to subliminally (re)align a society to a country’s nation-building objectives or ideals. They are carefully curated government projects that are heavily invested in the dissemination and reinforcement of nation-building ideologies. This paper has focused its research on the National Courtesy Campaign, which was launched at a time when the ‘Asian values’ discourse dominated much of Singapore’s statal narratives. Although not overtly marketed as part of the ‘Asianizing’ Singapore movement, posters of the National Courtesy Campaign were found to be sites in which ideologies that informed the ‘Asianizing’ Singapore movement were reproduced. This paper explores the micro-communication strategies employed for the dissemination of these nation-building ideologies.
The development of gender assignment and agreement in English-Greek and German-Greek bilingual children
Authors: Kaltsa Maria , Tsimpli Ianthi Maria , Argyri Froso 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe aim of this experimental study is to examine the development of Greek gender in bilingual English-Greek and German-Greek children. Four gender production tasks were designed, two targeting gender assignment eliciting determiners and two targeting gender agreement eliciting predicate adjectives for real and novel nouns. Participant performance was assessed in relation to whether the ‘other’ language was a gender language or not (English vs. German) along with the role of the bilinguals’ Greek vocabulary knowledge and language input. The results are argued to contribute significantly to disentangling the role of crosslinguistic influence in gender assignment and agreement by bringing together a variety of input measures such as early and current amount of exposure to Greek, the role of area of residence (i.e. whether Greek is the minority or the majority language), the effect of maternal education and the amount of exposure to Greek in a school setting.
Evaluation of an urban canopy model in a tropical city: the role of tree evapotranspiration
Authors: Liu Xuan , Li Xian-Xiang , Harshan Suraj , Roth Matthias , Velasco Erik 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A single layer urban canopy model (SLUCM) with enhanced hydrologic processes, is evaluated in a tropical city, Singapore. The evaluation was performed using an 11 month offline simulation with the coupled Noah land surface model/SLUCM over a compact low-rise residential area. Various hydrological processes are considered, including anthropogenic latent heat release, and evaporation from impervious urban facets. Results show that the prediction of energy fluxes, in particular latent heat flux, is improved when these processes were included. However, the simulated latent heat flux is still underestimated by ∼40%. Considering Singapore’s high green cover ratio, the tree evapotranspiration process is introduced into the model, which significantly improves the simulated latent heat flux. In particular, the systematic error of the model is greatly reduced, and becomes lower than the unsystematic error in some seasons. The effect of tree evapotranspiration on the urban surface energy balance is further demonstrated during an unusual dry spell. The present study demonstrates that even at sites with relatively low (11%) tree coverage, ignoring evapotranspiration from trees may cause serious underestimation of the latent heat flux and atmospheric humidity. The improved model is also transferable to other tropical or temperate regions to study the impact of tree evapotranspiration on urban climate.
Relationship Between Unsupervised Time and Participation in an Emotion Regulation Intervention and Risk Outcomes
Authors: Hadley Wendy , Barker David , Thamotharan Sneha , Houck Christopher D. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objective.
This study is a secondary analysis of outcomes examining risk behavior in the context of the naturalistic occurrence of parental monitoring and participation in an emotion regulation intervention over a 12-month period.

Method:
Early adolescents with mental health symptoms (N=420), ages 12–14 years, were recruited and randomized into either an Emotional Regulation (ER) or Health Promotion (HP) condition. Assessments included adolescent self-report of unsupervised time, substance use and sexual behavior at baseline, 6-months, and one year post-intervention. Analytic groups were formed by intervention condition (ER or HP) and baseline reports of unsupervised time (≤1× per week or >1× per week of unsupervised time with opposite sex peers) resulting in a total of four groups. Logistic regression and time-to-event analyses were used to test differences in substance use and delay of sexual initiation between the groups.

Results:
Participation in the ER intervention in the presence of low unsupervised time was superior in reducing both substance use and sexual initiation than either factor alone; and either factor alone was more effective than the absence of both.

Conclusion:
Findings suggest that interventions targeting health risk behaviors, including substance use and sexual risk behavior, among early adolescents with mental health symptoms may be more effective when targeting both internal (e.g., emotional regulation) and external (e.g., unsupervised time spent with peers) protective factors. Limiting unsupervised time spent with peers through parental monitoring may serve to scaffold and reinforce early adolescent acquisition of effective emotion regulation which can be employed during emotionally arousing risk situations.
Preventing Preschool Mental Health Problems: Population-Based Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hiscock Harriet , Gulenc Alisha , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Gold Lisa , Bayer Jordana , Shaw Daniel , Le Ha , Wake Melissa 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT:Objective:Prevention of child behavior problems may reduce later mental health problems. We compared the effectiveness, at the population level, of an efficacious targeted prevention program alone or following a universal parenting program.Methods:Three-arm, cluster randomized controlled trial. One thousand three hundred fifty-three primary caregivers and healthy 8-month-old babies recruited from July 2010 to January 2011 from well-child centers (randomization unit). Primary outcome: Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) externalizing and internalizing scales* at child ages 3 and 4.5 years. Secondary outcomes: Parenting Behavior Checklist* and over-involved/protective parenting (primary caregiver report). Secondary caregivers completed starred measures at age 3.Results:Retention was 76% and 77% at ages 3 and 4.5 years, respectively. At 3 years, intention-to-treat analyses found no statistically significant differences (adjusted mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI);p-value]) for externalizing (targeted vs usual care −0.2 [−1.7 to 1.2;p= .76]; combined vs usual care 0.4 [−1.1 to 1.9;p= .60]) or internalizing behavior problems (targeted vs usual care 0.2 [−1.2 to 1.6;p= .76]; combined vs usual care 0.4 [−1.1 to 2.0;p= .58]). Primary outcomes were similar at 4.5 years. At 3 years, primary and secondary caregivers reported less over-involved/protective parenting in both the combined and targeted versus usual care arm; secondary caregivers also reported less harsh discipline in the combined and targeted versus usual care arm. Mean program costs per family were A$218 (targeted arm) and A$682 (combined arm).Conclusion:When translated to the population level by existing staff, pre-existing programs seemed ineffective in improving child behavior, alone or in combination, but improved parenting.
Multidrug-Resistant Organisms: A Review of Transmission and Control
Authors: Ehrmann Barbara 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are becoming increasingly common in health care and community settings. As the physical therapy profession moves toward complete direct access, knowledge of the microbiology, recognition of these organisms, and prevention of transmission are important for physical therapists. Although health care–acquired MRSA is found in traditional care settings, community-acquired MRSA is found in younger persons, families, and members of sports teams.

Methods:
This article uses a review of the literature to explore the transmission of MRSA, as well as to highlight effective prevention methods. Both health care–acquired MRSA and community-acquired MRSA are compared and discussed. Prevalence of other MDROs is also described.

Conclusion:
Universal decolonization in intensive care units is one of the few strategies supported by a high level of evidence. Physical therapists must understand the development and transmission of MDROs, so that they can protect themselves, as well as others they come in contact with. Review of the integument, particularly in athletes, is important to identify MRSA lesions early.
Long-Term Patient-Reported Outcomes After Surgery for Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome
Authors: Alkhafaji Mohammed S. , Varma Sanskriti , Pross Seth E. , Sharon Jeffrey D. , Nellis Jason C. , Santina Charles C. Della , Minor Lloyd B. , Carey John P. 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
Evaluate the long-term patient-reported outcomes of surgery for superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS).

Study Design:
Cross-sectional survey.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Adults who have undergone surgery for SCDS with at least 1 year since surgery.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Primary outcome: change in symptoms that led to surgery. Secondary outcomes: change in 11 SCDS-associated symptoms, change in psychosocial metrics, and willingness to recommend surgery to friends with SCDS.

Results:
Ninety-three (43%) respondents completed the survey with mean (SD) time since surgery of 5.3 (3.6) years. Ninety-five percent of respondents reported the symptoms that led them to have surgery were “somewhat better,” “much better,” or “completely cured.” Those with unilateral symptoms were more likely to report improvement than those with bilateral symptoms. There was no difference between those with short (1–5 yr) versus long (5–20 yr) follow-up. Each of the SCDS-associated symptoms showed significant improvement. The largest improvements were for autophony, pulsatile tinnitus, audible bodily sounds, and sensitivity to loud sound. Headaches, imbalance, dizziness, and brain fog showed the least improvements. Most patients reported improvements in quality of life, mood, and ability to function at work and socially. Ninety-five percent of patients would recommend SCDS surgery.

Conclusions:
Respondents demonstrated durable improvements in the symptoms that led them to have surgery. Auditory symptoms had the greatest improvements. Headaches, imbalance, dizziness, and brain fog showed the least improvements. Nearly, all patients would recommend SCDS surgery to others. These results can be used to counsel patients regarding the lasting benefits of surgery for SCDS.
The maturation of a ‘neural–hematopoietic’ inflammatory axis in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Stiekema Lotte C.A. , Schnitzler Johan G. , Nahrendorf Matthias , Stroes Erik S.G. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
Atherogenesis is the result of a complex interplay between lipids and innate immune cells, which are descendants of upstream progenitors residing in hematopoietic organs. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the connection between hematopoiesis and atherogenesis.

Recent findings
The relevance of a neural–hematopoietic axis was recently supported by the demonstration of a correlation between metabolic activity in the amygdala and the bone marrow. During follow-up, both amygdalar and bone marrow activities also predicted cardiovascular risk in patients, lending further support to a connection between neural stress and cardiovascular events mediated via increased hematopoietic activity.
In parallel, functional changes in hematopoietic stem cells may also convey cardiovascular risk. In experimental models, knock-out of the ten–eleven translocation 2 (TET2) gene leading to monocyte–macrophage hyperresponsiveness, was associated with accelerated atherogenesis in murine experiments. In humans, whole-exome sequencing reporting on the ‘clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential’ gene substantiated a two-fold elevated risk for developing coronary heart disease compared with noncarriers.

Summary
Recent studies support the relevance of a ‘neural–hematopoietic’ inflammatory axis and clonal hematopoiesis as drivers of atherogenesis in humans. These data warrant further studies addressing the role of novel ‘hematopoietic’ targets for the treatment of patients with increased cardiovascular risk.
Pancreatic Stellate Cells Have Distinct Characteristics From Hepatic Stellate Cells and Are Not the Unique Origin of Collagen-Producing Cells in the Pancreas
Authors: Yamamoto Gen , Taura Kojiro , Iwaisako Keiko , Asagiri Masataka , Ito Shinji , Koyama Yukinori , Tanabe Kazutaka , Iguchi Kohta , Satoh Motohiko , Nishio Takahiro , Okuda Yukihiro , Ikeno Yoshinobu , Yoshino Kenji , Seo Satoru , Hatano Etsuro , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
The origin of collagen-producing myofibroblasts in pancreatic fibrosis is still controversial. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which have been recognized as the pancreatic counterparts of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), are thought to play an important role in the development of pancreatic fibrosis. However, sources of myofibroblasts other than PSCs may exist because extensive studies of liver fibrosis have uncovered myofibroblasts that did not originate from HSCs. This study aimed to characterize myofibroblasts in an experimental pancreatic fibrosis model in mice.

Methods
We used transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein via the collagen type I α1 promoter and induced pancreatic fibrosis with repetitive injections of cerulein.

Results
Collagen-producing cells that are negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein (ie, not derived from PSCs) exist in the pancreas. Pancreatic stellate cells had different characteristics from those of HSCs in a very small possession of vitamin A using mass spectrometry and a low expression of lecithin retinol acyltransferase. The microstructure of PSCs was entirely different from that of HSCs using flow cytometry and electron microscopy.

Conclusions
Our study showed that characteristics of PSCs are different from those of HSCs, and myofibroblasts in the pancreas might be derived not only from PSCs but also from other fibrogenic cells.
Venous Thromboembolism Is Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Trikudanathan Guru , Umapathy Chandraprakash , Munigala Satish , Gajendran Mahesh , Conwell Darwin L. , Freeman Martin L. , Krishna Somashekar G. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
The systemic inflammatory cascade and vascular stasis in hospitalized patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) serve as a milieu for development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of VTE in AP and to evaluate its impact on clinical outcomes of AP.

Methods
The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2002–2011) was reviewed to identify all patients hospitalized with AP. Patients with a concomitant diagnosis of VTE were compared with those without. The primary clinical outcome (inpatient mortality) and secondary resources outcomes (length of stay and total hospital charges) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate comparisons.

Results
Among 2,382,426 patients with AP, 22,205 (0.93%) had VTE. Multivariate analysis showed patients with greater comorbidity (odds ratio [OR], 1.47), white race (OR, 1.11), acute kidney injury (OR, 1.08), acute respiratory failure (OR, 1.40), pseudocyst (OR, 1.41), total parenteral nutrition (OR, 1.28), and central venous catheter placement (OR, 3.01) were associated with a diagnosis of VTE. Venous thromboembolism was also independently associated with increased mortality (OR, 1.31) and prolonged duration of hospitalization by 6.5 days (P < 0.001) and contributed to an excess $44,882 (P < 0.001) in hospitalization costs.

Conclusions
Venous thromboembolism is adversely associated with mortality and health care resource utilization in AP.
Prognostic Significance of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Nejati Reza , Goldstein Jennifer B. , Halperin Daniel M. , Wang Hua , Hejazi Nazila , Rashid Asif , Katz Matthew H. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Fleming Jason B. , Rodriguez-Canales Jaime , Blando Jorge , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Maitra Anirban , Wolff Robert A. , Varadhachary Gauri R. , Wang Huamin 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and their prognostic value in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after neoadjuvant therapy.MethodsIntratumoral CD4+, CD8+, and FOXP3+lymphocytes were examined by immunohistochemistry using a computer-assisted quantitative analysis in 136 PDAC patients who received neoadjuvant therapy and pancreaticoduodenectomy. The results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival.ResultsHigh CD4+TILs in treated PDAC were associated with high CD8+TILs (P= 0.003), differentiation (P= 0.04), and a lower frequency of recurrence (P= 0.02). Patients with high CD4+TILs had longer disease-free survival and overall survival (OS) than did patients with low CD4+TILs (P< 0.01). The median OS of patients with a high CD8+/FOXP3+lymphocyte ratio (39.5 [standard deviation, 6.1] months) was longer than that of patients with a low CD8+/FOXP3+lymphocyte ratio (28.3 [standard deviation, 2.3] months;P= 0.01). In multivariate analysis, high CD4+TILs were an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.30–0.81;P= 0.005) and OS (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.33–0.89;P= 0.02).ConclusionsHigh level of CD4+lymphocytes is associated with tumor differentiation and lower recurrence and is an independent prognostic factor for survival in PDAC patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy.
Operative Versus Nonoperative Management of Blunt Pancreatic Trauma in Children
Authors: Koh Ezra Y. , van Poll Daan , Goslings J. Carel , Busch Olivier R. , Rauws Erik A. , Oomen Matthijs W. , Besselink Marc G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare operative versus nonoperative management of blunt pancreatic trauma in children. A systematic literature search was performed. Studies including children with blunt pancreatic injuries classified according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma classification were included. The primary outcome was pseudocyst formation. After screening 526 studies, 23 studies with 928 patients were included. Sufficient data were available for 674 patients (73%). Of 309 patients with grade I or II injuries, 258 (83%) were initially managed nonoperatively with a 96% success rate. Of 365 patients with grade III, IV, or V injuries, nonoperative management was initially chosen for 167 patients (46%) with an 89% success rate. Pseudocysts occurred in 18% of patients managed nonoperatively versus 4% of patients managed operatively (P < 0.01), of whom 65% were treated nonoperatively. Hospitalization was 20.5 days after nonoperative versus 15.1 days after operative management (nonparametric t test, P = 0.41). Blunt pancreatic trauma in children can be managed nonoperatively in the majority of patients with grade I or II injuries and in about half of the patients with grade III to V injuries. Although pseudocysts are more common after nonoperative management, two thirds can be managed nonoperatively.
Lymph Node Metastasis in the Prognosis of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Martin Jacob A. , Warner Richard R.P. , Aronson Anne , Wisnivesky Juan P. , Kim Michelle Kang 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
This study aimed to determine the prognostic use of the extent of lymph node (LN) involvement in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) by analyzing population-based data.

Methods
Patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry were identified with histologically confirmed, surgically resected GEP-NETs. We divided patients into 3 lymph node ratio (LNR) groups based on the ratio of positive LNs to total LNs examined: 0.2 or less, greater than 0.2 to 0.5, and greater than 0.5. Disease-specific survival was compared according to LNR group.

Results
We identified 3133 patients with surgically resected GEP-NETs. Primary sites included the stomach (11% of the total), pancreas (30%), colon (32%), appendix (20%), and rectum (7%). Survival was worse in patients with LNRs of 0.2 or less (hazard ratio [HR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–2.0), greater than 0.2 to 0.5 (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6–2.5), and greater than 0.5 (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.5–3.9) compared with N0 patients. Ten-year disease-specific survival decreased as LNR increased from N0 (81%) to 0.2 or less (69%), greater than 0.2 to 0.5 (55%), and greater than 0.5 (50%). Results were consistent for patients with both low- and high-grade tumors from most primary sites.

Conclusions
Degree of LN involvement is a prognostic factor at the most common GEP-NET sites. Higher LNR is associated with decreased survival.
How Good Is Your Rule of Thumb? Validating Male-to-Female Case Ratio as a Proxy for Men Who Have Sex With Men Involvement in N. gonorrhoeae Incidence at the County Level
Authors: Stenger Mark , Bauer Heidi , Klingler Ellen , Bell Teal , Donnelly Jennifer , Eaglin Margaret , Jespersen Megan , Madera Robbie , Mattson Melanie , Torrone Elizabeth 
Published: September 2017

Background
Lacking information on men who have sex with men (MSM) for most reported cases, sexually transmitted disease (STD) programs in the United States have used crude measures such as male-to-female case ratios (MFCR) as a rule of thumb to gauge MSM involvement at the local level, primarily with respect to syphilis cases in the past. Suitability of this measure for gonorrhea incidence has not previously been investigated.

Methods
A random sample of gonorrhea cases reported from January 2010 through June 2013 were interviewed in selected counties participating in the STD Surveillance Network to obtain gender of sex partners and history of transactional sex. Weighted estimates of proportion of cases among MSM and proportion reporting transactional sex were developed; correlation between MFCR and proportion MSM was assessed.

Results
Male-to-female case ratio ranged from 0.66 to 8.7, and the proportion of cases occurring among MSM varied from 2.5% to 62.3%. The MFCR was strongly correlated with proportion of cases among MSM after controlling for transactional sex (Pearson partial r = 0.754, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Male-to-female case ratio for gonorrhea at the county level is a reliable proxy measure indicating MSM involvement in gonorrhea case incidence and should be used by STD programs to tailor their programmatic mix to include MSM-specific interventions.