bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stapedotomy vs Cochlear Implantation for Advanced Otosclerosis
Authors: Abdurehim Yasin , Lehmann Alexandre , Zeitouni Anthony G. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo compare the hearing outcomes of stapedotomy vs cochlear implantation in patients with advanced otosclerosis.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library were searched for the terms otosclerosis, stapedotomy, and cochlear implantation and their synonyms with no language restrictions up to March 10, 2015.MethodsStudies comparing the hearing outcomes of stapedotomy with cochlear implantation and studies comparing the hearing outcomes of primary cochlear implantation with salvage cochlear implantation after an unsuccessful stapedotomy in patients with advanced otosclerosis were included. Postoperative speech recognition scores were compared using the weighted mean difference and a 95% confidence interval.ResultsOnly 4 studies met our inclusion criteria. Cochlear implantation leads to significantly better speech recognition scores than stapedotomy (P <. 0001). However, this appears to be due to the variability in outcomes after stapedotomy. Cochlear implantation does not lead to superior speech recognition scores compared with the subgroup of successful cases of stapedotomy plus hearing aid (P =. 47). There is also no significant difference with respect to speech recognition between primary cochlear implantation and those secondary to a failed stapedotomy (P =. 22).ConclusionsCochlear implantation leads to a statistically greater and consistent improvement in speech recognition scores. Stapedotomy is not universally effective; however, it yields good results comparable to cochlear implantations in at least half of patients. For cases of unsuccessful stapedotomy, the option of cochlear implantation is still open, and the results obtained through salvage cochlear implantation are as good as those of primary cochlear implantation.
Decisional Conflict and Regret in Parents Whose Children Undergo Tonsillectomy
Authors: Carr Michele M. , Derr Jonathan B. , Karikari Kodjo 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo determine if decisional regret (DR) in parents following tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy (TA) in their children is related to preoperative decisional conflict, perceived outcome of surgery, complications of surgery, or other factors.Study DesignObservational analytic cohort study.SettingTertiary care children’s hospital.Subjects and MethodsPreoperative decisional conflict (DC) and SURE tests were administered to a parent of a child scheduled for TA between July 2014 and July 2015. The DR tests were given 1 to 3 months postoperatively. Data were collected on patient age, sex, perceived outcome of surgery, complications (including bleeding), emergency room visits, and clinic phone calls.ResultsA total of 102 families were studied, including 48 female and 54 male patients with an average age of 6.29 years. Parental respondents included 83 mothers, 14 fathers, and 5 grandmothers. Overall, DC and DR were both low in this group, with a median of 0 for each (means: 7.74 for DC and 8.78 for DR). DC was higher in parents who canceled surgery or failed to keep follow‐up appointments (27.19) versus parents who brought their children for surgery (6.78; P <. 05). DR was significantly higher in parents with DC (20.00 vs 7.59; P <. 05). It was not related to age of the patient, sex, parental perception of resolution of preoperative complaints, complications (including bleeding or dehydration), emergency department visits, or parental phone calls to the otolaryngology clinic. SURE tests indicated that every parent was confident of his or her decision on the day of surgery.ConclusionPreoperative DC is likely the most important factor in determining parental DR after the child undergoes TA.
In vitro and in vivo chemo-phototherapy of magnetic TiO2 drug delivery system formed by pH-sensitive coordination bond
Authors: Zhang Huijuan , Ji Yandan , Chen Qianqian , Zhu Xing , Zhang Xiaoge , Tan Zhiyuan , Tian Qianqian , Yang Xiangbo , Zhang Zhenzhong 
Published: June 2016

To achieve tumor-specific delivery of doxorubicin, TiO2@Fe3O4/PEI/delivery of doxorubicin conjugates were designed and synthesized. Fe3O4 could act as magnetically responsive carriers and enhance the visible light photodynamic activities of TiO2. Delivery of doxorubicin was conjugated via coordination bond. The drug release rate at pH 5.2 was much faster than that at pH 7.4, due to pH-sensitive coordination bond. Besides, TiO2@Fe3O4/PEI/delivery of doxorubicin showed high antitumor efficacy combining with phototherapy, good bio-safety, higher cellular uptake with an external magnetic field, and less toxicity in vitro and in vivo. These results suggested that TiO2@Fe3O4/PEI/delivery of doxorubicin may be promising for high tumor treatment efficacy with minimal side effects in future.
Targeting survivin with prodigiosin isolated from cell wall of Serratia marcescens induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Yenkejeh RA , Sam MR , Esmaeillou M 
Published: June 2016

Background: Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway increases survivin expression that is involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Therefore, downregulation of survivin may provide an attractive strategy for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this regard, little is known about the anticancer effects of prodigiosin isolated from cell wall of Serratia marcescens on the survivin expression and induction of apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Methods: Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were treated with 100-, 200-, 400-, and 600-nM prodigiosin after which morphology of cells, cell number, growth inhibition, survivin expression, caspase-3 activation, and apoptotic rate were evaluated by inverted microscope, hemocytometer, MTT assay, RT-PCR, fluorometric immunosorbent enzyme assay, and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Results: Prodigiosin changed morphology of cells to apoptotic forms and disrupted cell connections. This compound significantly increased growth inhibition rate and decreased metabolic activity of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After 24-, 48-, and 72-h treatments with prodigiosin at concentrations ranging from 100 nM to 600 nM, growth inhibition rates were measured to be 1.5–10%, 24–47.5%, and 55.5–72.5%, respectively, compared to untreated cells. At the same conditions, metabolic activities were measured to be 91–83%, 74–53%, and 47–31% for indicated concentrations of prodigiosin, respectively, compared to untreated cells. We also found that treatment of HepG2 cells for 48 h decreased significantly cell number and survivin expression and increased caspase-3 activation in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, treatment with 600-nM prodigiosin resulted in 77% decrease in cell number, 88.5% decrease in survivin messenger RNA level, and 330% increase in caspase-3 activation level compared to untreated cells. An increase in the number of apoptotic cells (late apoptosis) ranging from 36.9% to 97.4% was observed with increasing prodigiosin concentrations. Conclusion: From our data, prodigiosin is an attractive compound that turns the profile of high-level survivin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells into that of normal cells and may provide a novel approach to the hepatocellular carcinoma-targeted therapy.
The Effects of Group Work With Institutionalized Elderly Persons
Authors: Duyan Veli , Şahin-Kara Gülay , Camur Duyan Gülsüm , Özdemir Burcu , Megahead Hamido A. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives: This research article aims to measure the effects of group therapy on institutionalized elderly in terms of reducing depression and improving psychosocial functioning. Methods: Thirty elderly nursing home residents were recruited, and 16 of them elected to receive group treatment for depression and 14 declined treatment. The Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects and the Geriatric Depression Scale were given to both groups when group work began and again when it ended. Results: Clients who received group treatment experienced reductions in depression and their psychosocial functioning improved. Conclusion: Group work intervention was followed by reductions in the depression levels and improvements in their psychosocial functions among institutionalized elderly clients.
A Systematic and Integrated Review of Mobile-Based Technology to Promote Active Lifestyles in People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: McMillan Kathryn Anne , Kirk Alison , Hewitt Allan , MacRury Sandra 
Published: June 2016

Aim: The aim was to review studies examining the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of mobile-based technology for promoting active lifestyles in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Background: Benefits of leading an active lifestyle following a diagnosis of T2D, including improved glycemic control, have been reported. Studies examining the specific use of mobile-based technologies to promote an active lifestyle in T2D have not previously been reviewed. Methods: Research studies examining effectiveness, feasibility or acceptability of mobile-based technology for active lifestyle promotion for T2D management were included (n = 9). The databases searched included PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, and ACM Digital Library (January 2005 to October 2015). Studies were categorized as (1) informing, (2) monitoring, (3) provoking, or (4) sustaining behavior change. Results: Technologies used included smartphone or tablet apps, diabetes personal digital assistant, continuous glucose monitor and accelerometer, pedometer, and a website delivered by a smartphone. No articles examined the effectiveness of mobile-based technology in monitoring health behaviors and behavior change. Four of the studies found mobile-based technology to be motivational and supportive for behavior change. The visual reinforcement was identified as motivational. The feasibility and acceptability of using mobile-based technology to provide sustained lifestyle change and the effectiveness of mobile-based technology in monitoring health behaviors and behavior change have not been investigated. No studies examined all 3 of the outcomes or focused decreasing the participants’ sedentary behavior. Conclusions: Limited research has examined the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of mobile-based technology to promote active lifestyles and subsequently good diabetes management in people with T2D.
Elbow Biomechanics of Pitching
Authors: Fehr Shayne , Damrow Derek , Kilian Christopher , Lyon Roger , Liu Xue-Cheng 
Published: June 2016

Background: Elbow pain and elbow injuries are common in youth baseball players. It is not clear whether pitching experience and/or age creates biomechanical differences at the elbow and whether these differences place an athlete at greater risk. Hypotheses: (1) Youth pitchers will have differing elbow kinematics with regard to flexion/extension, internal/external rotation, and pronation/supination when compared with nonbaseball athletes and (2) younger youth pitchers will have differing elbow kinematics when compared with older youth pitchers. Study Design: Case-control study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy male youths age 10 to 18 years were recruited and divided into an experience group (n = 18 pitchers) and a no experience group (n = 9 nonbaseball athletes). The experience group was subdivided by age into the younger experience subgroup (n = 10 pitchers) and the older experience subgroup (n = 8 pitchers). Biomechanics were recorded using an electromagnetic motion tracking system. Subjects from each group were averaged together, and a Mann-Whitney U test was utilized for statistical analysis. Results: The experience group had greater external rotation during late cocking (−47.8° vs 5.8°) and greater flexion during early cocking (112.8° vs 100.1°). The younger experience subgroup had greater range of motion with supination-pronation during early cocking (21.9° vs 11.2°) and late cocking (5.9° vs 2.0°). Conclusion: Youth athletes with pitching experience had an increase in maximal external rotation in late cocking and maximal flexion in early cocking, which suggests experience may be a factor to these parameters. The age of experienced baseball pitchers may be a factor due to differences observed with supination and pronation. Clinical Relevance: Learning to throw is a skill that leads to changes in elbow motion; however, these changes may be stable once athletes reach grade school age. Minimal differences were noted between the younger and older experience subgroups, which may underscore the importance of teaching proper mechanics at a young age.
Long‐term outcomes of Botulinum toxin in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: 5 years of follow‐up
Authors: Barbeiro Sandra , Atalaia‐Martins Catarina , Marcos Pedro , Gonçalves Cláudia , Canhoto Manuela , Arroja Bruno , Silva Filipe , Cotrim Isabel , Eliseu Liliana , Santos Antonieta , Vasconcelos Helena 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundChronic anal fissure is a frequent and disabling disease, often affecting young adults. Botulinum toxin and lateral internal sphincterotomy are the main therapeutic options for refractory cases. Botulinum toxin is minimally invasive and safer compared with surgery, which carries a difficult post‐operative recovery and fecal incontinence risk. The long‐term efficacy of Botulinum toxin is not well known.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term efficacy and safety of Botulinum toxin in the treatment of chronic anal fissure.MethodsThis was a retrospective study at a single center, including patients treated with Botulinum toxin from 2005 to 2010, followed over at least a period of 5 years. All patients were treated with injection of 25U of Botulinum toxin in the intersphincteric groove. The response was registered as complete, partial, refractory and relapse.ResultsBotulinum toxin was administered to 126 patients, 69.8% (n  = 88) were followed over a period of 5 years. After 3 months, 46.6% (n  = 41) had complete response, 23.9% (n  = 21) had partial response and 29.5% (n  = 26) were refractory. Relapse was observed in 1.2% (n  = 1) at 6 months, 11.4% (n  = 10) at 1 year, 2.3% (n  = 2) at 3 years; no relapse at 5 years. The overall success rate was 64.8% at 5 years of follow‐up. Botulinum toxin was well tolerated by all patients and there were no complications.ConclusionThe use of Botulinum toxin to treat patients with chronic anal fissure was safe and effective in long‐term follow‐up.
Establishment of Over‐The‐Scope‐Clips (OTSC®) in daily endoscopic routine
Authors: Honegger C , Valli PV , Wiegand N , Bauerfeind P , Gubler C 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundAlongside the evolution of interventional endoscopy, the need for a more sophisticated closure tool tailored to the treatment of new challenging indications has been increasing rapidly.MethodsWe here present our collected data on 262 Over‐The‐Scope‐Clip (OTSC®) placements in a total of 233 interventions at our institution. Follow‐up was focused on clinically lasting success with regards to different indications.ResultsImmediate success of OTSC® treatment was observed in 87.1% of all sessions (203/233). The success rates per indication were as follows: spontaneous bleeding 84.8% (28/33); iatrogenic bleeding 100% (20/20); acute perforation 90.3% (65/72); prophylaxis for perforation 100% (24/24); anastomotic leakage 61.1% (11/18); fistulae 80.7% (46/57); diameter reduction of the gastrojejunal anastomosis 100% (6/6); and stent fixation 100% (3/3). At 30‐day follow‐up, the overall success rate was 67.4% (157/233). The success rates per indication were as follows: spontaneous bleeding 69.7% (23/33); iatrogenic bleeding 90% (18/20); acute perforation 86.1% (62/72); prophylaxis for perforation 100% (24/24); anastomotic leakage 33.3% (6/18); fistulae 29.8% (17/57), diameter reduction of the gastrojejunal anastomosis 83.3% (5/6); and stent fixation 66% (2/3).ConclusionsOur cohort confirms previous data on the clinical usefulness of the OTSC® in daily routine practice.
Electrical stimulation towards melanoma therapy via liquid metal printed electronics on skin
Authors: Li Jun , Guo Cangran , Wang Zhongshuai , Gao Kai , Shi Xudong , Liu Jing 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe proposed a method of using electrical stimulation for treatment of malignant melanoma through directly spray‐printing liquid metal on skin as soft electrodes to deliver low intensity, intermediate frequency electric fields.MethodsWith patterned conductive liquid metal components on mice skin and under assistance of a signal generator, a sine wave electrical power with voltage of 5 V and 300 kHz could be administrated on treating malignant melanoma tumor.FindingsThe experiments demonstrated that tumor volume was significantly reduced compared with that of the control group. Under the designed parameters (signal: sine wave, signal amplitude Vpp: 5 V and Vpp: 4 V, frequency: 300 kHz) of Tumor treating fields (TTFields) with the sprayed liquid metal electrode, four mice tumor groups became diminishing after 1 week of treatment. The only device‐related side effect as seen was a mild to moderate contact dermatitis underneath the field delivering electrodes. The SEM images and pathological analysis demonstrated the targeted treating behavior of the malignant melanoma tumor. Further, thermal infrared imaging experiments indicated that there occur no evident heating effects in the course of treatment. Besides, the liquid metal is easy to remove through medical alcohol.ConclusionsTumor treating fields through liquid metal electrode could offer a safe, straightforward and effective treatment modality which evidently slows down tumor growth in vivo. These promising results also raised the possibility of applying spray‐printing TTFields as an easy going physical way for future cancer therapy.
Staphylococcus aureus SaeR/S-regulated factors reduce human neutrophil reactive oxygen species production
Authors: Guerra Fermin E , Addison Conrad B , de Jong Nienke W M , Azzolino Joseph , Pallister Kyler B , van Strijp Jos (A G) , Voyich Jovanka M 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Neutrophils are the first line of defense after a pathogen has breached the epithelial barriers, and unimpaired neutrophil functions are essential to clear infections. Staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent human pathogen that is able to withstand neutrophil killing, yet the mechanisms used by S. aureus to inhibit neutrophil clearance remain incompletely defined. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a vital neutrophil antimicrobial mechanism. Herein, we test the hypothesis that S. aureus uses the SaeR/S two-component gene regulatory system to produce virulence factors that reduce neutrophil ROS production. With the use of ROS probes, the temporal and overall production of neutrophil ROS was assessed during exposure to the clinically relevant S. aureus USA300 (strain LAC) and its isogenic mutant LACΔsaeR/S. Our results demonstrated that SaeR/S-regulated factors do not inhibit neutrophil superoxide (O2−) production. However, subsequent neutrophil ROS production was significantly reduced during exposure to LAC compared with LACΔsaeR/S. In addition, neutrophil H2O2 production was reduced significantly by SaeR/S-regulated factors by a mechanism independent of catalase. Consequently, the reduction in neutrophil H2O2 resulted in decreased production of the highly antimicrobial agent hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite anion (HOCl/−OCl). These findings suggest a new evasion strategy used by S. aureus to diminish a vital neutrophil antimicrobial mechanism.
Recovery practice in community mental health teams: national survey
Authors: Leamy M. , Clarke E. , Le Boutillier C. , Bird V. , Choudhury R. , MacPherson R. , Pesola F. , Sabas K. , Williams J. , Williams P. , Slade M. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThere is consensus about the importance of ‘recovery’ in mental health services, but the link between recovery orientation of mental health teams and personal recovery of individuals has been underresearched.AimsTo investigate differences in team leader, clinician and service user perspectives of recovery orientation of community adult mental health teams in England.MethodIn six English mental health National Health Service (NHS) trusts, randomly chosen community adult mental health teams were surveyed. A random sample of ten patients, one team leader and a convenience sample of five clinicians were surveyed from each team. All respondents rated the recovery orientation of their team using parallel versions of the Recovery Self Assessment (RSA). In addition, service users also rated their own personal recovery using the Questionnaire about Processes of Recovery (QPR).ResultsTeam leaders (n = 22) rated recovery orientation higher than clinicians (n = 109) or patients (n = 120) (Wald(2) = 7.0, P = 0.03), and both NHS trust and team type influenced RSA ratings. Patient-rated recovery orientation was a predictor of personal recovery (b = 0.58, 95% CI 0.31–0.85, P<0.001). Team leaders and clinicians with experience of mental illness (39%) or supporting a family member or friend with mental illness (76%) did not differ in their RSA ratings from other team leaders or clinicians.ConclusionsCompared with team leaders, frontline clinicians and service users have less positive views on recovery orientation. Increasing recovery orientation may support personal recovery.
Laser-based technique for controlled damage of mesenchymal cell spheroids: a first step in studying reparationin vitro
Authors: Kosheleva N. V. , Ilina I. V. , Zurina I. M. , Roskova A. E. , Gorkun A. A. , Ovchinnikov A. V. , Agranat M. B. , Saburina I. N. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTModern techniques of laser microsurgery of cell spheroids were used to develop a new simple reproducible model for studying repair and regeneration in vitro. Nanosecond laser pulses (wavelength 355 nm, frequency 100 Hz, pulse duration 2 ns) were applied to perform a microdissection of the outer and the inner zones of human bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (BM MMSC) spheroids. To achieve effective dissection and preservation of spheroid viability, the energy of laser pulses was optimized and adjusted in the range 7-9 μJ. After microdissection, the edges of the wound surface opened and the angular opening reached a value of more than 180°. The destruction of the initial spheroid structure was observed in the wound area, with surviving cells changing their shape into a round one. Partial restoration of a spheroid form took place in the first six hours. The complete structure restoration accompanying the reparative processes occurred gradually over seven days due to remodelling of surviving cells.