bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Achieving 100% Adherence for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening Guidelines
Authors: Arnold Robert W. , Jacob Jack , Matrix Zinnia 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To report on the use of a cloud-based electronic medical record (ROP Check; Glacier Medical Software, Anchorage, AK) designed to provide American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guideline-adherent retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) care through the scheduling and documenting of ROP examinations.

Methods:
Data analysis on 3,155 patients from a de-identified dataset from 13 neonatal intensive care units.

Results:
All newborns with a gestational age of 22 to 30 weeks (N = 2,278) were entered with a documented ROP examination. Of those, 98% and 97.4% completed their initial and follow-up examinations, respectively, within AAP guidelines. All but 1 of 145 initial treatments were completed within AAP guidelines after a decision for treatment was made. Of 369 newborns older than 30 weeks' gestational age and with a birth weight of less than 1,500 grams, none progressed to treatment; four patients had stage 2 or 3 ROP. Of 508 newborns with a gestational age of 31 to 32 weeks and a birth weight of more than 1,500 grams who were entered to identify unstable newborns, 34% did not need examinations; of those who were examined, one progressed to treatment. Fourteen percent of patients were observed as outpatients before retinal maturity and 12% missed some or all outpatient appointments. A decision was made to treat at the first examination for 2 (10%) newborns with a gestational age of 22 weeks and 2 (2%) newborns with a gestational age of 23 weeks. Each patient was within the AAP guidelines for initial treatment.

Conclusions:
A computerized system specifically designed with process improvement and error-free delivery of ROP care as a focus can improve adherence to AAP guidelines and achieve superior results. Such a system creates a standardized and measurable safety net for pediatric ophthalmologists, neonatologists, hospitals, and follow-up pediatricians.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(6):356–362.]
Survey of Haemosporidian Parasites in Resident and Migrant Game Birds of Illinois
Authors: Annetti Kendall L. , Rivera Nelda A. , Andrews John E. , Mateus-Pinilla Nohra 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Haemosporidian parasites are globally distributed in avian species, and are capable of leading to decreased reproductive success, weakness, and mortality. Bird conservation groups and organizations concerned with the health and immunological status of avian populations are interested in haemosporidian parasites that affect reproduction and population growth. Haemosporidian infection data are not yet always available for some avian species in specific regions. These data provide the starting points for researchers to evaluate geographical and temporal changes in the patterns of infection and prevalence across populations. We examined haemoparasite infections in four game bird species commonly hunted in Illinois. We calculated prevalence, mean intensity, median intensity, and mean abundance of haemosporidians, and evaluated the relation of these infection measures associated with age and sex of the avian hosts. Game species sampled (N = 237) included migrants such as mourning doves Zenaida macroura, wood ducks Aix sponsa, and Canada geese Branta canadensis, as well as resident birds such as wild turkeys Meleagris gallopavo. We identified only Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Leucocytozoon species. Haemoproteus was the most prevalent haemosporidian (46/237), followed by Plasmodium (11/237). Furthermore, Haemoproteus was the most persistent haemosporidian, as it was the only parasite genera that we found in all four avian species. We found coinfections in 55% of turkeys, but found no significant correlations between the genera of haemosporidinan coinfections and a host species. Moreover, no significant differences in the proportion of infected individuals (prevalence) and haemosporidian quantities (levels of intensity and abundance) were related to biotic factors such as age and sex of the host. However, parasite aggregation (distribution of parasites among hosts) was affected by age, as adult turkeys and juvenile doves showed the highest aggregation index (Poulin's index of discrepancy) for Haemoproteus spp. This study reveals patterns of infection and parasite aggregations that vary widely among different game bird species and provides baseline data on avian haemosporidians that, to the best of our knowledge, is not currently available in the state of Illinois for these avian species. Finally, wildlife biologists can use these patterns for management of landscape or host species to support conservation efforts.
Sagittal Normal Limits of Lumbosacral Spine in a Large Adult Population: A Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis
Authors: Pierro Antonio , Cilla Savino , Maselli Giuseppina , Cucci Eleonora , Ciuffreda Matteo , Sallustio Giuseppina 
Published: August 2017

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to determine, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbosacral spine from L1 to S1, the values of the normal sagittal diameter of the spinal canal (SCD), sagittal diameter of the dural sac (DSD), and the normal values of dural sac ratio (DSR) in a large nonsymptomatic adult population and to discriminate whether a vertebral canal is pathological or nonpathological for dural ectasia and/or stenosis.

Materials and Methods:
Six hundred and four patients were prospectively enrolled. All measurements were performed on MRI sagittal T1- and T2-weighted images. The 95% confidence interval (95% CI), defined as mean ± 1.96 standard deviation, was determined for each metric. The upper limit of 95% CI was considered the cutoff value for the normal DSR; the lower limit of 95% CI was considered the cutoff value for the normal SCD.

Results:
SCD cutoff values from L1 to S1 ranged from 14.5–10.1 mm (males) to 15.0–9.9 mm (females). DSD ratios at S1 and L4 level show a significant difference in male and female groups: 11% of S1/L4 values exceeded 1 in male group while only 4% of S1/L4 values exceeded 1 in female group. Mean DSR at each level was significantly higher in female patients than in male patients (P < 0.001), ranging from 0.70 to 0.56 (male) and from 0.82 to 0.63 (female).

Conclusions:
We determined the cutoff values for the normal DSR and for the normal SCD. Our findings show the relevant discrepancies with respect to literature data for diagnosis of lumbar stenosis and/or dural ectasia.
Global deposition of total reactive nitrogen oxides from 1996 to 2014 constrained with satellite observations of NO2 columns
Authors: Geddes Jeffrey A. , Martin Randall V. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy) are a major constituent of the nitrogen deposited from the atmosphere, but observational constraints on their deposition are limited by poor or nonexistent measurement coverage in many parts of the world. Here we apply NO2 observations from multiple satellite instruments (GOME, SCIAMACHY, and GOME-2) to constrain the global deposition of NOy over the last 2 decades. We accomplish this by producing top-down estimates of NOx emissions from inverse modeling of satellite NO2 columns over 1996–2014, and including these emissions in the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to simulate chemistry, transport, and deposition of NOy. Our estimates of long-term mean wet nitrate (NO3−) deposition are highly consistent with available measurements in North America, Europe, and East Asia combined (r =  0.83, normalized mean bias  = −7 %, N =  136). Likewise, our calculated trends in wet NO3− deposition are largely consistent with the measurements, with 129 of the 136 gridded model–data pairs sharing overlapping 95 % confidence intervals. We find that global mean NOy deposition over 1996–2014 is 56.0 Tg N yr−1, with a minimum in 2006 of 50.5 Tg N and a maximum in 2012 of 60.8 Tg N. Regional trends are large, with opposing signs in different parts of the world. Over 1996 to 2014, NOy deposition decreased by up to 60 % in eastern North America, doubled in regions of East Asia, and declined by 20 % in parts of western Europe. About 40 % of the global NOy deposition occurs over oceans, with deposition to the North Atlantic Ocean declining and deposition to the northwestern Pacific Ocean increasing. Using the residual between NOx emissions and NOy deposition over specific land regions, we investigate how NOx export via atmospheric transport has changed over the last 2 decades. Net export from the continental United States decreased substantially, from 2.9 Tg N yr−1 in 1996 to 1.5 Tg N yr−1 in 2014. Export from China more than tripled between 1996 and 2011 (from 1.0 to 3.5 Tg N yr−1), before a striking decline to 2.5 Tg N yr−1 by 2014. We find that declines in NOx export from some western European countries have counteracted increases in emissions from neighboring countries to the east. A sensitivity study indicates that simulated NOy deposition is robust to uncertainties in NH3 emissions with a few exceptions. Our novel long-term study provides timely context on the rapid redistribution of atmospheric nitrogen transport and subsequent deposition to ecosystems around the world.
Occurrence rate of dipolarization fronts in the plasma sheet: Cluster observations
Authors: Xiao Sudong , Zhang Tielong , Wang Guoqiang , Volwerk Martin , Ge Yasong , Schmid Daniel , Nakamura Rumi , Baumjohann Wolfgang , Plaschke Ferdinand 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We investigate the occurrence rate of dipolarization fronts (DFs) in the plasma sheet by taking full advantage of all four Cluster satellites (C1–4) from years 2001 to 2009. In total, we select 466 joint-observation DF events, in which 318, 282, 254, and 236 DFs are observed by C1, C2, C3, and C4, respectively. Our findings are as follows: (1) the maximum occurrence rate is ∼ 15.3 events per day at X ∼ 15 RE in the XY plane, and the average occurrence rate is ∼ 5.4 events per day over the whole observation period; (2) the occurrence rate on the dusk side of the plasma sheet is larger and decreases with increasing BXY∕BLobe; (3) the occurrence rate within |Y|  <  6 RE increases gradually from X ≈ −19 to −15 RE and then decreases from X ≈ −15 to −10 RE; (4) the occurrence rate when AE > 200 nT is much larger than that when AE < 200 nT, indicating that DFs preferentially occur during high geomagnetic activity. The magnetic pileup and earthward and duskward ion flows could contribute to the increases in the occurrence rate from X ≈ −19 to −15 RE. We suggest that both geomagnetic activity and multiple DFs contribute to the high occurrence rate of the DFs. In addition, the finite length of the DF in the dawn–dusk direction can affect the chance that a satellite observes the DF.
The critical role of uncertainty in projections of hydrological extremes
Authors: Meresa Hadush K. , Romanowicz Renata J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This paper aims to quantify the uncertainty in projections of future hydrological extremes in the Biala Tarnowska River at Koszyce gauging station, south Poland. The approach followed is based on several climate projections obtained from the EURO-CORDEX initiative, raw and bias-corrected realizations of catchment precipitation, and flow simulations derived using multiple hydrological model parameter sets. The projections cover the 21st century. Three sources of uncertainty are considered: one related to climate projection ensemble spread, the second related to the uncertainty in hydrological model parameters and the third related to the error in fitting theoretical distribution models to annual extreme flow series. The uncertainty of projected extreme indices related to hydrological model parameters was conditioned on flow observations from the reference period using the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) approach, with separate criteria for high- and low-flow extremes. Extreme (low and high) flow quantiles were estimated using the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution at different return periods and were based on two different lengths of the flow time series. A sensitivity analysis based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the uncertainty introduced by the hydrological model parameters can be larger than the climate model variability and the distribution fit uncertainty for the low-flow extremes whilst for the high-flow extremes higher uncertainty is observed from climate models than from hydrological parameter and distribution fit uncertainties. This implies that ignoring one of the three uncertainty sources may cause great risk to future hydrological extreme adaptations and water resource planning and management.
ENSAIOS EM VIGAS DE ALVENARIA SUBMETIDAS À FLEXÃO SIMPLES
Authors: Oliveira Maria das Graças Duarte de , Bacarji Edgar , Guimaraes Gilson Natal 
Published: August 2017

RESUMO: Foi realizado um estudo experimental de vigas de alvenaria de concreto submetidas à flexão simples e as variáveis usadas foram a altura da seção transversal e a distribuição das barras da armadura longitudinal. Foram confeccionadas nove vigas com blocos e canaletas de concreto de resistência característica a compressão de 13 MPa. A altura da seção transversal foi definida pela quantidade de fiadas de blocos: uma, duas e três fiadas. As barras de aço da armadura longitudinal foram distribuídas na seção transversal, mantendo constante a taxa de armadura. Foram moldadas três vigas apenas com canaletas e sem estribos, pois seu uso é muito comum na região de Goiânia, GO. Os resultados obtidos foram confrontados com valores encontrados utilizando as recomendações de dimensionamento da norma NBR15961-1 (2011). De modo geral, as vigas com estribos e com armadura longitudinal distribuídas nas diversas fiadas tiveram desempenho melhor, sendo estas mais dúcteis e mais seguras que as vigas apenas com canaletas e sem estribos. Essas vigas com estribos romperam por flexão e as cargas de ruptura excederam os valores calculados conforme as recomendações de norma. Já as vigas sem estribos romperam por cisalhamento com cargas de ruptura menor ou igual ao recomendado por norma. Este estudo mostra que não devem ser utilizadas vigas de alvenaria sem estribos. ABSTRACT: An experimental study of the flexural behavior of concrete masonry beams subjected to flexure was done and the variables used were the height of the cross section and the distribution of the longitudinal reinforcement along the layers of blocks. Nine concrete masonry beams were cast and tested with concrete blocks of 13 MPa compressive strength. The height of the cross section was defined by the number of blocks: one, two or three layers. The steel longitudinal reinforcement was distributed along the cross section, such that the steel arrangement gave the same steel reinforcing ratio for all beams. Three beams with lintels only and without stirrups were cast since its use if very common in the region of Goiania, GO. Results obtained were compared to those values obtained using recommendations prescribed in Brazilian code of practice NBR 15961-1 (2011). In general, beams with stirrups and with longitudinal reinforcement distributed along the height of the cross section had better performance, were more ductile and safer than beams without stirrups. These beams failed in flexure and ultimate loads were above those calculated using code recommendations. Beams without stirrups had a shear failure with ultimate loads lower than recommended by the code. This study shows that beams without stirrups should not be used.
Collagenous matrix as a predictor for bone formation: a digital technique for collagen quantification
Authors: Acasigua Gerson Arisoly , Müller de Quevedo Henrique , Medeiros Fossati Anna Christina 
Published: August 2017

The collagenous matrix plays a fundamental role in the process of bone regeneration, so it is essential to study
how it is primarily formed in situations in which critical bone defects are created. Objective: this study seeks
to quantify the collagenous matrix formed in critical bone defects in the calvaria of mice over the process
of bone regeneration promoted by the association of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) porous scaffolds and
stem cells from deciduous teeth (SCDT). In addition, this study attempted to establish a precise protocol for
the digital quantification of collagen through a histological method. Materials and method: Nine Wistar rats
were used, in which critical defects of 8.0 mm of diameter were made in their calvarium. The animals were
divided into three groups (n = 9): I – PLGA scaffolds; II – PLGA scaffolds/SCDT; III – PLGA scaffolds/SCDT
maintained in osteogenic medium for 13 days. Within sixty postoperative days, calvaria were removed for histometric analysis following a digital protocol. A specific digital analysis method was designed for this study, in
which a more precise quantification and differentiation between collagen fibers and non-collagenous tissue
was possible, excluding factors that would normally alter the results. Results: it was noted that the association
of PLGA scaffolds and SCDT maintained in osteogenic medium resulted in collagen matrix formation statistically
higher than the other groups (p
Composition, Distribution, and Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds in 18 Soybean Cultivars
Authors: Zhu Yi-Lin , Zhang Hai-Sheng , Zhao Xin-Shuai , Xue Huan-Huan , Xue Jing , Sun Yu-Han 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Natural phenols are an important functional compound widely distributed in plants with benefits that promote human health. The content of total phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins and their composition distribution in 18 soybean cultivars was investigated. There are four phenolic acid distribution forms in these soybean cultivars, namely free, esterified, glycosided, and insoluble-bound. Total phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins from 6 black soybean cultivars were found in higher numbers than those from 12 other yellow soybean cultivars. Free and esterified phenolic acids were the main phenolic acid form in all 18 soybean samples. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were the dominant phenolic acids in eight detected phenolic acids, and daidzin and genistin were the abundant isoflavones in five detected isoflavones. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of total phenols from the 6 black soybean cultivars were greater than those from the 12 yellow soybean cultivars, and there was a significant positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Black soybeans could be a potential resource for developing natural antioxidants that may play a crucial role in human health protection.
Survey on Transfusion-Transmitted Cytomegalovirus and Cytomegalovirus Disease Mitigation
Authors: Weisberg Stuart P. , Staley Elizabeth M. , Williams Lance A. , Pham Huy P. , Bachegowda Lohith S. , Cheng Yan Ho , Schwartz Joseph , Shaz Beth H. 
Published: August 2017

Context.—
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be transmitted by cellular blood products, leading to severe disease in immunosuppressed patients such as neonates and transplant recipients. To mitigate transfusion-transmitted CMV (TT-CMV), “CMV-safe” blood products (leukoreduced and/or CMV-seronegative) are transfused. Attempts to develop practice guidelines for TT-CMV mitigation have been limited by paucity of high-quality clinical trials.

Objective.—
To assess current TT-CMV mitigation strategies across medical institutions for specific at-risk populations.

Design.—
Supplemental questions regarding TT-CMV and CMV disease mitigation were added to a College of American Pathologists Transfusion Medicine (Comprehensive) Participant Survey in 2015, addressing whether a given institution provided CMV-safe products for 6 at-risk patient populations.

Results.—
Ninety percent (2712 of 3032) of institutions reported providing universally leukoreduced blood products. Among institutions without universal leukoreduction, 92% (295 of 320) provided leukoreduced products on the basis of clinical criteria. Eighty-three percent (2481 of 3004) of respondents reported having availability of CMV-seronegative products; however, wide variation in policies was reported governing CMV-seronegative product use. Among all respondents, less than 5% reported using CMV prophylaxis and monitoring in high-risk patient groups. Transplant centers reported higher rates of CMV prophylaxis (25% [97 of 394] solid organ) and monitoring (15% [59 of 394] solid organ) for CMV-negative transplant recipients.

Conclusions.—
Universal leukoreduction is the primary strategy for mitigating TT-CMV. While most institutions have both CMV-seronegative and leukoreduced blood products available, consensus is lacking on which patients should receive these products. High-quality studies are needed to determine if CMV-seronegative and leukoreduced blood products are needed in high-risk patient populations.
INFLUENCE OF ELECTRIC FIELD ON ADHESION AND STRUCTURE OF CONDUCTING FILMS ON DIELECTRIC SUBSTANCES
Authors: Pshchelko Nikolai S. , Vodkailo Ekaterina G. , Tomaev Vladimir V. , Klimenkov Boris D. , Koshevoi Veniamin L. , Belоrus Anton O. 
Published: August 2017

Some results are provided confirming that modifying of the zinc films fabricated on glass substrates by a resulting effect of heat treatment in an atmosphere of dry air and action of cross electric field is possible. Using scanning electron microscopy (measured with the Zeiss Merlin microscope) the surface morphology of the films was studied. Also, the elemental composition of the films by micro-X-ray spectral analysis was studied. On the glass substrates, by the method of vacuum thermal evaporation, zinc films (Zn) with thickness of ~ 500 nm were obtained. In order to form ZnO films, the original films were treated at 250 °C in a dry air atmosphere, and in another case - in addition to the sample a transverse electric field with a potential of 300 V was applied. Platinum films on the silicon dioxide layer were obtained using the method of the ion-plasma sputtering. These layers were investigated by X-ray phase analysis, electron and atomic force microscopy. The thickness of platinum layers was 50 and 100 nm. During the deposition (deposition temperature – 300 °C, deposition rate - 5 nm / min), applied voltage between the platinum film and the silicon plate was 5 V. The films, obtained by applying a biasing, showed a more homogeneous fine-grained structure and a higher rate of growth than the original samples. In this way ZnO films can be manufactured with the extended surface. The possibility of significant changes caused by electric field use in adhesion, structure and conductive properties of the coatings is discussed. The method of depositing platinum on a dielectric substrate with an additional electrostatic field is also substantiated. It is shown that the application of an electric voltage to the film leads to a significant change in the structure of the resulting coating.Forcitation:Pshchelko N.S., Vodkailo E.G., Tomaev V.V., Klimenkov B.D., Koshevoi V.L., Belorus A.O. Influence of electric field on adhesion and structure of conducting films on dielectric substances. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 8. P. 100-104.