bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, facilitators and barriers to cervical cancer screening among women in Uganda: a qualitative study
Authors: Ndejjo Rawlance , Mukama Trasias , Kiguli Juliet , Musoke David 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo explore community knowledge, facilitators and barriers to cervical cancer screening among women in rural Uganda so as to generate data to inform interventions.DesignA qualitative study using focus group discussions and key informant interviews.SettingDiscussions and interviews carried out in the community within two districts in Eastern Uganda.ParticipantsTen(10) focus group discussions with 119 screening-eligible women aged between 25 and 49 years and 11 key informant interviews with healthcare providers and administrators.ResultsStudy participants’ knowledge about cervical cancer causes, signs and symptoms, testing methods and prevention was poor. Many participants attributed the cause of cervical cancer to use of contraception while key informants said that some believed it was due to witchcraft. Perceptions towards cervical cancer and screening were majorly positive with many participants stating that they were at risk of getting cervical cancer. The facilitators to accessing cervical cancer screening were: experiencing signs and symptoms of cervical cancer, family history of the disease and awareness of the disease/screening service. Lack of knowledge about cervical cancer and screening, health system challenges, fear of test outcome and consequences and financial constraints were barriers to cervical cancer screening.ConclusionWhereas perceptions towards cervical cancer and screening were positive, knowledge of study participants on cervical cancer was poor. To improve cervical cancer screening, effort should be focused on reducing identified barriers and enhancing facilitators.
Risk factors for worsening renal function and their association with long-term mortality following transcatheter aortic valve implantation: data from the SWEDEHEART registry
Authors: Vavilis Georgios , Evans Marie , Jernberg Tomas , Rück Andreas , Szummer Karolina 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe occurrence of persistent acute kidney injury (pAKI) following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has serious implications.MethodsThere were 1540 patients undergoing and surviving TAVI included in the nationwide SWEDEHEART registry between 2008 and 2015. Creatinine was measured at baseline and discharge, and those with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <15 mL/min/1.73 m2or dialysis were excluded. pAKI was defined by and encompassing theValve Academic Research Consortium-2 (VARC-2) criteria: increase in serum creatinine concentration ≥26.5 μmol/L or increase by ≥50% (1.5×), or start of in-hospital dialysis until hospital discharge. Logistic regression analysis was used to find baseline factors associated with pAKI. Adjusted Cox regression analysis was used to assess the association of pAKI with mortality. Median follow-up was 1.8 years (IQR 0.7–3.0).ResultspAKI occurred in 6.1% (n=94) of the patients (71.3% male). These patients had higher creatinine level (117±50 vs 100±35 mmol/L, p<0.001), but similar baseline eGFR (59±21 vs 56±23 mL/min/1.73 m2, p=0.18) and received higher contrast volume (129 mL ±89 vs 110 mL ±78, p=0.027). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, pAKI was predicted by eGFR (OR 0.88, 95% CI (0.79 to 0.98), p=0.019), male gender (OR 2.68, 95% CI (1.63 to 4.38), p<0.001) and apical access (OR 2.23, 95% CI (1.35 to 3.69), p=0.002), whereas contrast volume/10 mL (OR 1.02, 95% CI (1.00 to 1.05), p=0.052) did not reach statistical significance. Mortality at 1 year/end of follow-up was 10.4%/26.9%. pAKI was associated with a doubled risk of death (HR 2.04, 95% CI (1.49 to 2.81), p<0.001).ConclusionPersistent AKI after TAVI occurs in 6.1% and is associated with a doubled long-term mortality. Special efforts to avoid AKI should be taken, especially among vulnerable patients.
Exact solutions to Einstein–Maxwell theory on Eguchi–Hanson space
Authors: Ghezelbash A. M. , Kumar V. 
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we construct explicit analytical exact solutions to the six and higher-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell theory. In all solutions, a subspace of the metric is the Eguchi–Hanson space where the metric functions are completely determined in terms of known analytical functions. Moreover, we find the solutions can be extended from nonstationary exact solutions to Einstein–Maxwell theory with cosmological constant. We show that the solutions are asymptotically expanding patches of de Sitter space–time.
Local estimate on convexity radius and decay of injectivity radius in a Riemannian manifold
Authors: Xu Shicheng 
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we prove the following pointwise and curvature-free estimates on convexity radius, injectivity radius and local behavior of geodesics in a complete Riemannian manifold [Formula: see text]: (1) the convexity radius of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the injectivity radius of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the focal radius of open ball centered at [Formula: see text] with radius [Formula: see text]; (2) for any two points [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the conjugate radius of [Formula: see text]; (3) for any [Formula: see text], any (not necessarily minimizing) geodesic in [Formula: see text] has length [Formula: see text]. We also clarify two different concepts on convexity radius and give examples to illustrate that the one more frequently used in literature is not continuous.
Regional crustal architecture of Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada
Authors: Schiffer Christian , Stephenson Randell 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

New deep seismological data from Ellesmere Island and the adjacent Arctic continental margin provide new information about the crustal structure of the region. These data were not available for previous regional crustal models. This paper combines and redisplays previously published results – a gravity-derived Moho map and seismological results –to produce new maps of the Moho depth, the depth to basement and the crystalline crustal thickness of Ellesmere Island and contiguous parts of the Arctic Ocean, Greenland and Axel Heiberg Island. Northern Ellesmere Island is underlain by a thick crustal block (Moho at 41 km,
c.
35 km crust). This block is separated from the Canada–Greenland craton in the south by a WSW–ENE-trending channel of thinned crystalline crust (Moho at 30–35 km, <20 km thick crust), which is overlain by a thick succession of metasedimentary and younger sedimentary rocks (15–20 km). The Sverdrup Basin in the west and the Lincoln Sea in the east interrupt the crustal architecture of central Ellesmere Island, which is interpreted to be more representative of its initial post-Ellesmerian Orogen structure, but with a later Sverdrup Basin and Eurekan overprint.
NR4A2 Promotes DNA Double-strand Break Repair Upon Exposure to UVR
Authors: Yin Kelvin , Chhabra Yash , Tropée Romain , Lim Yi Chieh , Fane Mitchell , Dray Eloise , Sturm Richard A. , Smith Aaron G. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Exposure of melanocytes to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces the formation of UV lesions that can produce deleterious effects in genomic DNA. Encounters of replication forks with unrepaired UV lesions can lead to several complex phenomena, such as the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The NR4A family of nuclear receptors are transcription factors that have been associated with mediating DNA repair functions downstream of the MC1R signaling pathway in melanocytes. In particular, emerging evidence shows that upon DNA damage, the NR4A2 receptor can translocate to sites of UV lesion by mechanisms requiring post-translational modifications within the N-terminal domain and at a serine residue in the DNA-binding domain at position 337. Following this, NR4A2 aids in DNA repair by facilitating chromatin relaxation, allowing accessibility for DNA repair machinery. Using A2058 and HT144 melanoma cells engineered to stably express wild-type or mutant forms of the NR4A2 proteins, we reveal that the expression of functional NR4A2 is associated with elevated cytoprotection against UVR. Conversely, knockdown of NR4A2 expression by siRNA results in a significant loss of cell viability after UV insult. By analyzing the kinetics of the ensuing 53BP1 and RAD51 foci following UV irradiation, we also reveal that the expression of mutant NR4A2 isoforms, lacking the ability to translocate, transactivate, or undergo phosphorylation, display compromised repair capacity.
Implications: These data expand the understanding of the mechanism by which the NR4A2 nuclear receptor can facilitate DNA DSB repair. Mol Cancer Res; 15(9); 1184–96. ©2017 AACR.
Defining Prolonged Dwell Time: When Are Advanced Inferior Vena Cava Filter Retrieval Techniques Necessary?
Authors: Desai Kush R. , Laws James L. , Salem Riad , Mouli Samdeep K. , Errea Martin F. , Karp Jennifer K. , Yang Yihe , Ryu Robert K. , Lewandowski Robert J. 
Published: June 2017

Background—
Despite growth in placement of retrievable inferior vena cava filters, retrieval rates remain low. Filters with extended implantation times present a challenge to retrieval, where standard techniques often fail. The development of advanced retrieval techniques has positively impacted retrieval of retrievable inferior vena cava filters with prolonged dwell times; however, there is no precise definition of the time point when advanced techniques become necessary. We aim to define prolonged retrievable inferior vena cava filters dwell time by determining the inflection point when the risk of standard retrieval technique failure increases significantly, necessitating advanced retrieval techniques to maintain overall technical success of retrieval.

Methods and Results—

From January 2009 to April 2015, 762 retrieval procedures were identified from a prospectively acquired database. We assessed patient age/sex, filter dwell time, procedural technical success, the use of advanced techniques, and procedure-related adverse events. Overall retrieval success rate was 98% (n=745). When standard retrieval techniques failed, advanced techniques were used; this was necessary 18% of the time (n=138). Logistic regression identified that dwell time was the only risk factor for failure of standard retrieval technique (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.10;
P
<0.001). Spline function regression analysis demonstrated that if dwell time exceeded 7 months, the risk of standard technique failure was 40.9%. Adverse events occurred at a rate of 2% (n=18; 15 minor and 3 major).

Conclusions—
The necessity of advanced techniques to maintain technical success of retrieval increases with dwell time. Patients with retrievable inferior vena cava filters in place beyond 7 months may benefit from referral to centers with expertise in advanced filter retrieval.
A controlled trial of trauma-focused therapy versus problem-solving in Islamic children affected by civil conflict and disaster in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Dawson Katie , Joscelyne Amy , Meijer Catherine , Steel Zachary , Silove Derrick , Bryant Richard A 
Published: June 2017

Objective: To evaluate the relative efficacies of trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy and problem-solving therapy in treating post-traumatic stress disorder in children affected by civil conflict in Aceh, Indonesia. Method: A controlled trial of children with post-traumatic stress disorder ( N = 64) randomized children to either five individual weekly sessions of trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy or problem-solving therapy provided by lay-counselors who were provided with brief training. Children were assessed by blind independent assessors at pretreatment, posttreatment and 3-month follow-up on post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anger, as well as caregiver ratings of the child’s post-traumatic stress disorder levels. Results: Intent-to-treat analyses indicated no significant linear time × treatment condition interaction effects for post-traumatic stress disorder at follow-up ( t(129.05) = −0.55, p = 0.58), indicating the two conditions did not differ. Across both conditions, there were significant reductions in post-traumatic stress disorder on self-reported ( t(131.26) = −9.26, p < 0.001) and caregiver-reported ( t(170.65) = 3.53, p = 0.001) measures and anger ( t(127.66) = −7.14, p < 0.001). Across both conditions, there was a large effect size for self-reported post-traumatic stress disorder (cognitive behavior therapy: 3.73, 95% confidence interval = [2.75, 3.97]; problem-solving: 2.68, 95% confidence interval = [2.07, 3.29]). Conclusions: These findings suggest that trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy and problem-solving approaches are comparably successful in reducing post-traumatic stress disorder and anger in treating mental health in children in a post-conflict setting. This pattern may reflect the benefits of non-specific therapy effects or gains associated with trauma-focused or problem-solving approaches.
Effect of the Earned Income Tax Credit on Hospital Admissions for Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma, 1995-2013
Authors: Klevens Joanne , Schmidt Brian , Luo Feijun , Xu Likang , Ports Katie A. , Lee Rosalyn D. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives: Policies that increase household income, such as the earned income tax credit (EITC), have shown reductions on risk factors for child maltreatment (ie, poverty, maternal stress, depression), but evidence is lacking on whether the EITC actually reduces child maltreatment. We examined whether states’ EITCs are associated with state rates of hospital admissions for abusive head trauma among children aged <2 years. Methods: We conducted difference-in-difference analyses (ie, pre- and postdifferences in intervention vs control groups) of annual rates of states’ hospital admissions attributed to abusive head trauma among children aged <2 years (ie, using aggregate data). We conducted analyses in 14 states with, and 13 states without, an EITC from 1995 to 2013, differentiating refundable EITCs (ie, tax filer gets money even if taxes are not owed) from nonrefundable EITCs (ie, tax filer gets credit only for any tax owed), controlling for state rates of child poverty, unemployment, high school graduation, and percentage of non-Latino white people. Results: A refundable EITC was associated with a decrease of 3.1 abusive head trauma admissions per 100 000 population in children aged <2 years after controlling for confounders ( P = .08), but a nonrefundable EITC was not associated with a decrease ( P = .49). Tax refunds ranged from $108 to $1014 and $165 to $1648 for a single parent working full-time at minimum wage with 1 child or 2 children, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings with others suggest that policies such as the EITC that increase household income may prevent serious abusive head trauma.
Preoperative 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT vs Contrast‐Enhanced CT to Identify Regional Nodal Metastasis among Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Cho Joshua K. , Ow Thomas J. , Lee Andrew Y. , Smith Richard V. , Schlecht Nicolas F. , Schiff Bradley A. , Tassler Andrew B. , Lin Juan , Moadel Renee M. , Valdivia Ana , Abraham Tony , Gulko Edwin , Neimark Matthew , Ustun Berrin , Bello Jacqueline A. , Shifteh Keivan 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveOur objective was to compare the accuracy of preoperative positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and contrast‐enhanced CT (CECT) in detecting cervical nodal metastases in patients treated with neck dissection and to scrutinize the ability of each modality to determine nodal stage.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingMontefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.Subjects and MethodsPatients who underwent neck dissection at our institution for primary treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and had received preoperative PET/CT and CECT were included in this study. Imaging studies were reinterpreted by 3 specialists within the field and compared for interreader agreement. Concordance between radiology and histopathology was measured using neck levels and sides, along with patient nodal stage. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and agreement coefficients were calculated.ResultsSeventy‐three patients were included in the study. Sensitivity was 0.69 and 0.94 (level and side) for PET/CT vs 0.53 and 0.66 for CECT (P =. 056, P =. 001). Specificity was 0.86 and 0.56 for PET/CT vs 0.91 and 0.76 for CECT (P =. 014, P =. 024). No significant difference was found in overall accuracy (P =. 33, P =. 88). The overall agreement percentages between N stage called by imaging modality and pathology were 52% and 55% for PET/CT and CECT, respectively.ConclusionNo significant difference in sensitivity was found between PET/CT and CECT. CECT was found to have superior specificity compared with PET/CT. The information gleaned from each modality in the pretreatment evaluation of HNSCC appears to be complementary.
Low plasma PDGF-BB levels are associated with estradiol in postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Tang Lanhua , Xia Zhuying , Luo Zhongwei , Long Haitao , Zhu Yong , Zhao Shushan 
Published: June 2017

Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between low plasma Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) levels and oestradiol in Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Methods This prospective study measured plasma PDGF-BB and oestradiol levels in outpatients who were admitted to our hospital. Participants were screened and then allocated to three groups: normal young women, postmenopausal control, and PMOP. Additionally, Sprague–Dawley rats underwent either sham surgery or bilateral ovariectomy (OVX), and were divided into the following groups: sham, OVX, OVX + oestradiol, and OVX + PDGF-BB. Plasma oestradiol and PDGF-BB levels were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Results A total of 121 participants, including 69 normal young women, 28 patients with primary PMOP, and 24 age-matched postmenopausal women were enrolled. Plasma oestradiol and PDGF-BB levels were lower in postmenopausal women, especially in PMOP ( P < 0.01). Pearson correlations analysis showed that PDGF-BB levels were positively correlated with oestradiol levels and inversely correlated with age ( P < 0.01). The OVX rat model showed that oestradiol replacement increased plasma PDGF-BB levels, while PDGF-BB systematic treatment had no effect on plasma oestradiol levels. Conclusions Plasma PDGF-BB levels are maintained by oestrogen in normal young women and play a major role in PMOP.
Esophageal foreign bodies in adults with different durations of time from ingestion to effective treatment
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Jiang Yan , Fu Tao , Zhang Xiaoheng , Li Na , Tu Chunmei 
Published: June 2017

Objective This study was performed to identify the differences in clinical characteristics, operative methods, complications, and postoperative hospitalization stays for adults with esophageal foreign bodies with different durations of time from ingestion to effective treatment. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 221 patients with a diagnosis of a foreign body in the esophagus, confirmed by rigid esophagoscopy, flexible esophagoscopy, or surgery. The differences between the two groups (Group A, ≤24 hours from ingestion to effective treatment; Group B, >24 hours from ingestion to effective treatment) were analyzed. Results Sharp foreign bodies comprised the majority of objects in the two groups, including jujube pits, bones (excluding fish bones), fish bones, dentures, and seafood shells. Foreign bodies located in the upper esophagus were more commonly observed in Group A than B. Significant differences were observed in the complication rate and length of postoperative hospitalization stays. Adults with esophageal foreign bodies had a high complication rate. Conclusions Rigid esophagoscopy can be used to remove sharp and bulky foreign bodies if more effective methods are unavailable. Effective treatment within 24 hours resulted in fewer complications and shorter postoperative hospitalization stays.
Research in the precaution of recombinant human erythropoietin to steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the rat femoral head
Authors: Jiang Lu-yong , Yu Xiao , Pang Qing-jiang 
Published: June 2017

Objective To elucidate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rats. Methods Twenty-four adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of eight rats each. The rats in the positive control group were injected with dexamethasone at 1 mg/kg twice a week for 5 weeks. The rats in the negative control group were injected with sodium chloride alone. The rats in the experimental group were injected with dexamethasone at 1 mg/kg twice a week for 5 weeks and rHuEPO (500 u/d/kg) daily for 5 weeks. The femoral head on one side was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and that on the other side was examined by CD31 staining of the capillaries. Results Hematoxylin and eosin staining in the positive control group showed that the bony trabeculae had become obviously narrow and sparse with discontinuity of the integrity. The integrity of the trabeculae was better in the experimental group than positive control group. The CD31 expression was lower in the positive control group than in the other two groups. Conclusion rHuEPO can effectively prevent osteocyte apoptosis, delaying or decreasing osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Over-expansion of drug-eluting stents in patients with left main coronary artery disease: An in vivo study
Authors: Ye Yicong , Qian Hao , Yang Ming , Zhu Xueqing , Gan Tianpeng , Zhang Shuyang , Zeng Yong 
Published: June 2017

Objective We aimed to determine the capacity of drug-eluting stent (DES) over-expansion in left main coronary artery disease. Methods Left main interventions with the largest available DES platforms (4.0 mm) and post-dilation performed with large non-compliant balloons (≥ 4.5 mm) were included. Maximal stent diameter (mm) and area (mm2) were measured using post-intervention intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Stent diameter and area were calculated with the balloon diameter and inflation pressure. The diameter and area expansion indices were defined as follows: maximal/calculated stent diameter and maximal/calculated stent area, respectively. Results Twenty-three consecutive patients were included. The maximal stent diameter was 4.40 mm (4.30–4.80 mm), and 22 of 23 patients showed a diameter expansion index greater than 0.90. The area expansion index was 0.862. The expansion index < 0.85 group had a significantly higher percentage of calcification ≥ 90° on IVUS than did the expansion index ≥ 0.85 group (72.7% versus 16.7%, P = 0.007). One stent fracture occurred during over-expansion and one ischemic event occurred during follow-up. Conclusions DESs with a nominal diameter of 4.0 mm can be effectively over-expanded in left main coronary artery disease. Achievement of predicted stent area can be affected by calcification.