bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding variations in LGBTIQ+ acceptance across space and time: The importance of norm perceptions and political dynamics
Authors: Sweigart Michael M. , Galván‐Hernández Danna , Hässler Tabea , Hegarty Peter , Kite Mary E. , Ofosu Eugene K. , Ünsal Banu C. , Eisner Léïla 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe 21st century has seen dynamic social, legal, and political change regarding the rights and acceptance of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex, and queer/questioning (LGBTIQ+) people. This article argues that social norm perceptions—perceptions of other people's opinions in a given social context—and the political dynamics that shape those perceptions are important for understanding differences in LGBTIQ+ acceptance across sociopolitical environments and time periods. Instead of emphasizing “actual” norms—people's opinions on average in different groups—we focus on norm perceptions since people often conform to the attitudes and behaviors held and endorsed by others to achieve social belonging and accuracy in their judgments. We review evidence regarding structural (e.g., laws and institutional decisions), group (e.g., social identities), and individual (e.g., ideology) factors that influence perceptions of, and conformity to, norms of LGBTIQ+ inclusion or exclusion. Drawing on this review, we consider how political dynamics—the ways that civic and political actors make salient, promote, and frame issues, values, and norms in contesting or maintaining the status quo—influence interpretations of, and responses to, norm signals, thus shaping differences in LGBTIQ+ rights norms across contexts and time periods. In conclusion, we chart future areas for research, policy, and practice.
Centering the margins: Reimagining resilience and resistance for transgender and nonbinary people of color
Authors: Bettergarcia Jay , Crone Cassandra , Herry Emily , Ali Bakhtawar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBy centering the margins through intersectional and cross‐cultural perspectives, this article offers a reimagining of resilience by exploring individual versus collective (i.e., group‐level) approaches and strategies adopted by transgender and nonbinary people of color (TPOC) to resist oppression. We address the dynamics of multiple group membership and recognize the profound effects of culture on how TPOC communities navigate resilience and resistance. Utilizing an international perspective, we examine risk and resilience by considering proximal and distal minority stressors such as discrimination and internalized stigma. We also address the utility of current models used to address TPOC resilience (i.e., minority stress and resilience theory, transgender resilience intervention model). Finally, we address tensions associated with the characterization of resilience and resistance for TPOC within the social sciences and across cultures. This article thus serves as a critical foundation for reimagining research with TPOC by presenting potential avenues for further research, theory, and community action globally.
Lived Experience Perspective on Internalised Stigma and the EUPD Diagnosis
Authors: Mattocks Nicola 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionEUPD (a personality disorder, characterised by emotion dysregulation, impulsivity and unstable relationships) is a controversial diagnosis affecting around 1 in 100 people, often times for a large part of their life, causing immense suffering to the individual and their families and friends.AimAs someone diagnosed with EUPD, I offer a lived experience perspective on internalised stigma building on growing attention to the impact of prejudice and discrimination faced when navigating the healthcare system with this diagnosis.Implications for PracticeInclude a recommendation to go ‘back to basics’ and focus on us (especially when accessing crisis care) feeling heard, seen, validated, empowered and understood.
Assessing the prospects and constraints of blockchain technology for intellectual property management
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Suthar Nidhi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aims to assess the prospects and constraints of blockchain technology (BCT) for intellectual property management (IPM). It uses a qualitative method using existing literature related to BCT and IPM. Findings suggest that BCT has huge potential to transform IPM using BCT. The BCT can provide better transparency, security, and efficiency. BCT can be useful for increased transparency, trust, better licensing management, collaboration, innovation, and digital rights management. However, BCT has challenges in terms of standardization, interoperability, data privacy, security, accessibility, inclusivity, and integration with legacy systems. This paper will be useful for policymakers to implement the use of BCT in IPM.
Methods and Strategies of Microsurgery Combined with Ilizarov Technique in the Treatment of Amputation of Limbs in Renji Hospital: A Report of 51 Cases
Authors: Xie Shuqiang , Hou Jianxi , Wang Hongxin , Liu Weiqiang , Dong Qiqiang , Zhang Songjian , Yang Chaofan , Qin Sihe 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveSevere limb amputation trauma often results in bone and soft tissue defects after debridement. Traditional replantation aims to save the limb by shortening the ischemic period and using autologous transplantation for repair, but it can lead to surgical trauma, donor site damage, and prolonged operation time. Due to contusion, pollution, and complex injury, there is no unified standard for replantation and fixation. Improper operation can easily lead to complications such as bone infection, nonunion, bone defect, and joint stiffness. This study introduces the Ilizarov technique into microsurgery to improve limb lengthening after reconstruction and standardizes the steps of replantation fixation for complex limb avulsion injuries, with a focus on clinical efficacy.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 51 patients with complex limb amputation who were treated in Zhengzhou Renji Hospital from June 2009 to March 2021. On the basis of microsurgical limb replantation, Ilizarov technology was introduced to innovate the internal and external combined stepwise fixation method for replantation. Patients' gender, age, height, weight, BMI, and other general information were collected. X‐ray films were reviewed regularly to observe the surgical healing of fracture, that is, the degree of limb shortening. The lengthening time, carrying time after lengthening, follow‐up time, Dahl classification, Paley fracture healing classification, and Chen Zhongwei's replantation function score were used to evaluate the recovery of the affected limb.ResultsA total of 51 patients were included in this group, including 36 male patients and 15 female patients. All the amputated wounds were single limb amputation. In this group of patients, the hind limbs were shortened by 2–12.5 cm (5.32 ± 2.24) after replantation. A total of 44 patients whose hind limbs were shortened by more than 2.5 cm were treated with two‐stage Ilizarov lengthening for 1.5–5.5 months (3.19 ± 1.03). The carrying time was 3–7.5 months (4.25 ± 0.94), and the follow‐up time was 1–7.8 years (3.76 ± 1.69). Among the 49 survived patients, the Dahl grade of external fixation was less than Grade 2 in 89.8%. The excellent and good rate of Paley fracture healing classification was 89.8%. The excellent and good rate of Chen Zhongwei's limb replantation function classification was 79.6%.ConclusionMicrosurgery combined with Ilizarov technique in the treatment of limb amputation injury, limb salvage reconstruction with internal and external combined step‐by‐step combined fixation, and one‐stage shortening and two‐stage limb lengthening can reduce the occurrence of osteomyelitis, bone defect and nonunion, expand the indications of limb replantation, improve the success rate of limb replantation, with satisfactory results, and facilitate the promotion of clinical techniques.
Geometric diagrams as an effective notation
Authors: Mumma John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn what way does a mathematical proof depend on the notation used in its presentation? This paper examines this question by analysing the computational differences, in the sense of Larkin and Simon's ‘Why a diagram is (sometimes) worth 10,000 words’, between diagrammatic and sentential notations as a means for presenting geometric proofs. Wittgenstein takes up the question of mathematical notation and proof in Section III of Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics. After discussing his observations on a proof's ‘characteristic visual shape’ in Section III with respect to arithmetical proofs, the paper shows how the notion of a characteristic visual shape illuminates the special effectiveness of diagrammatic notation in geometry.
Gender on the mind? Gender heuristics and rationalizations in candidate evaluations
Authors: Rohrbach Tobias , Schönhagen Philomen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs more women enter politics, public and scholarly narratives about the extent and nature of gender bias in mediated campaigning environments diversify. Yet there is still little understanding of how voters substantively think about gender in their evaluations of women and men candidates and how voters' thoughts are affected by different types of media coverage. Drawing on literature on gender stereotyping and rationalization, this paper distinguishes two roles in which gender manifests in the candidate evaluation process—as a heuristic and as a rationalization. We empirically investigate these different ways in which gender affects voters' thoughts following neutral and contextually rich candidate stimuli by means of a mixed methods think aloud study. The results show that voters think less—but more positively—about substantive aspects of women's political profiles. These favorable thoughts include heuristic inferences of communal traits for women but not men candidates. Moreover, we find that voter rationalizations involve gender as ex post vote justifications and socially desirable drivers of candidate evaluations. Together, the findings not only showcase the complex roles of gender in voters' candidate evaluations but also the importance of considering the normative context in which vote decisions take place.
Moral portraits: Understanding world leaders with moral foundations theory
Authors: Mills Brent 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough scholars have long understood the importance of psychology in international affairs, morality has often been overlooked as a factor in world leaders' decision‐making. This article seeks to fill this gap by introducing a new analytical tool: the moral portrait, a descriptive summary of a leader's moral values. The tool is built on the five cross‐cultural values of Moral Foundations Theory (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Sanctity) and the methodological approach of operational code. As a case study, the moral portrait of Russian President Vladimir Putin is inferred from his rhetoric, policies, and decisions. Putin's moral portrait, specifically his interpretations of the Fairness, Loyalty, and Authority values, can help explain many of his views and actions, including his decision to launch a full‐scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
WOX11‐mediated cell size control in Arabidopsis attenuates growth and fecundity of endoparasitic cyst nematodes
Authors: Guarneri Nina , Willig Jaap‐Jan , Willemsen Viola , Goverse Aska , Sterken Mark G. , Nibbering Pieter , Lozano Torres José L. , Smant Geert 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYCyst nematodes establish permanent feeding structures called syncytia inside the host root vasculature, disrupting the flow of water and minerals. In response, plants form WOX11‐mediated adventitious lateral roots at nematode infection sites. WOX11 adventitious lateral rooting modulates tolerance to nematode infections; however, whether this also benefits nematode parasitism remains unknown. Here, we report on bioassays using a 35S::WOX11‐SRDX transcriptional repressor mutant to investigate whether WOX11 adventitious lateral rooting promotes syncytium development and thereby female growth and fecundity. Moreover, we chemically inhibited cellulose biosynthesis to verify if WOX11 directly modulates cell wall plasticity in syncytia. Finally, we performed histochemical analyses to test if WOX11 mediates syncytial cell wall plasticity via reactive oxygen species (ROS). Repression of WOX11‐mediated transcription specifically enhanced the radial expansion of syncytial elements, increasing both syncytium size and female offspring. The enhanced syncytial hypertrophy observed in the 35S::WOX11‐SRDX mutant could be phenocopied by chemical inhibition of cellulose biosynthesis and was associated with elevated levels of ROS at nematode infection sites. We, therefore, conclude that WOX11 restricts radial expansion of nematode‐feeding structures and female growth and fecundity, likely by modulating ROS‐mediated cell wall plasticity mechanisms. Remarkably, this novel role of WOX11 in plant cell size control is distinct from WOX11 adventitious lateral rooting underlying disease tolerance.
БИОРЕКУЛЬТИВАЦИЯ ПОЛИГОНОВ ТВЕРДЫХ БЫТОВЫХ ОТХОДОВ
Authors: Курманбаева А.С. , Баязитова З.Е. , Сафронова Н.М. 
Published: September 2024

Проблема рекультивации мусорных полигонов является одной из наиболее актуальных в мире, поскольку основная масса твердых бытовых отходов (далее, ТБО) в мире и в том числе в Казахстане не перерабатывается, а хранится на полигонах. Между тем, создание и эксплуатация мусорных полигонов оказывает негативное влияние на состояние окружающей среды. Органические и неорганические материалы при распаде выделяют в атмосферу, почву и грунтовые воды различные токсичные вещества. Всё это сказывается на биоразнообразии и здоровье населения. Кроме того, земля, выделенная на нужды полигонов, отчуждается от землепользования.
В современных исследованиях технология фиторемедиации для проведения рекультивационных работ на полигонах рассматривается как наиболее перспективная, экономичная и экологически безопасная. Наиболее предпочтительными для рекультивационных работ с использованием фиторемедиантов, по мнению исследователей, являются локальные дикорастущие виды растений, обладающие высокими адаптационными способностями на антропогенно нарушенных территориях, с высоким уровнем загрязненности. В связи с этим, был разработан проект, направленный на рекультивацию действующего полигона города Кокшетау с использованием местной флоры.
Одной из основных задач при разработке технологии фиторемедиации в процессах рекультивации полигонов является подбор растений. Были проведены геоботанические исследования полигона ТБО. Наибольшее количество видов отмечено для семейств Астровые (Asteraceae), Маревые (Chenopodiaceae) и Мятликовые (Poaceae). Установлено, что основную часть видового разнообразия составляют рудеральные и сорные растения. В то же время, на некоторых участках отмечался рост культурных растений, таких как подсолнечник однолетний. Древесных растений не обнаружено.
Для подбора растений-биоаккумуляторов тяжелых металов, обладающих способностью накапливать загрязняющие вещества в надземной массе, и в дальнейшем формирующих почвенный травостой на закрытом полигоне ТБО по литературным источникам рекомендованы следующие виды растений: Подсолнечник однолетний (Helianthus annuus L.), Клевер ползучий (Trifolium repens L.), Люцерна изменчивая (Medicago sativa L.), Козлятник восточный (Galeqa orientalis Lam.), Пырей ползучий (Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. Ex Nevski), Тысячелистник обыкновенный (Achillea millefolum L.), Житняк гребенчатый (Agropyron cristatum L.), Мятлик луговой (Poa pratensis L.).
Исследование финансируется Комитетом науки Министерства Науки и Высшего образования Республики Казахстан. Грантовое финансирование научных и (или) научно-технических проектов на 2024-2026 годы со сроком реализации 36 месяцев. Тема проекта: Разработка технологии рекультивации закрытого полигона твердых бытовых отходов Акмолинской области с помощью создания модели искусственных фитоценозов. Проект ИРН: AP23487981.
ФАКТОРЫ АДГЕЗИИ БАКТЕРИЙ BIFIDOBACTERIUM LONGUM
Authors: Морозова А.Н. , Головнева Н.А. , Рябая Н.Е. , Самарцев А.А. 
Published: September 2024

Ключевой характеристикой пробиотических микроорганизмов является способность к адгезии, так как в естественных условиях поверхность эпителия кишечника является местом взаимодействия между организмом хозяина и его микробиотой. Высокая адгезивная способность бифидобактерий в условиях ЖКТ составляет основу конкуренции с условно-патогенными и патогенными микроорганизмами за сайты связывания с эпителиальными клетками. Механизмы адгезии бактерий к эпителию кишечника не полностью понятны, однако известны различные поверхностные структуры, такие как фимбрии, пили, капсулы, которые принимают участие в адгезивных процессах. Также важную роль в адгезии играют экзополисахариды, которые образуют барьер вокруг клетки и способствуют прикреплению бифидобактерий к поверхности эпителия.
Объектом исследования являлся штамм B. longum БИМ B-813 Д из коллекции непатогенных микроорганизмов Института микробиологии НАН Беларуси.
Для изучения адгезивных свойств B. longum БИМ B-813Д были разработаны модельные эксперименты в условиях in vitro, на основании формирования биопленок в полистироловом луночном планшете. Для выявления способности к адгезии бифидобактерии выращивали в среде MRS в анаэробных условиях. Окрашивание сформированных в процессе культивирования биопленок проводили по модифицированной методике Теца. Установлено, что наиболее эффективная адгезия происходит у 48-часовой культуры, а также у лиофилизированных клеток бифидобактерий.
Молекулярно-генетический анализ геномной последовательности B. longum БИМ B‑813Д (код доступа CP060493.1 в базе данных ГенБанк НЦБИ США) выявил генетические локусы, позволяющие установить потенциальную способность изучаемой культуры к адгезии. Определены гены, кодирующие препилинпептидазу, которая отвечает за синтез и созревание пилей адгезии; гены транспептидазных сортаз (класса Е и С), предназначенных для полимеризации субъединиц пилина на поверхности бактерий. Выявлен ген gap, кодирующий глицеральдегид-3-фосфатдегирогеназу, которая способствует адгезии бифидобактерий с клетками эпителия кишечника. Также определен локус, кодирующий триозофосфатизомеразу, которая может связываться с рецепторами на поверхности эпителиальных клеток. У B. longum БИМ B‑813Д обнаружен ген глутаминсинтетазы, кодирующий фермент, который способен ассоциироваться с плазминогеном. Установлено наличие генов шаперона DnaK, который способствует превращению плазминогена в фибринолитический плазмин и, при помощи связывания с другими белками на поверхности эпителия хозяина, участвует в адгезии и инвазии бифидобактерий к эпителию кишечника.
Таким образом, экспериментально подтверждена способность клеток B. longum БИМ B‑813Д к адгезии, позволяющая конкурировать с патогенами за сайты связывания на слизистой эпителия кишечника. А также представлена информация о генетических детерминантах B. longum БИМ B-813Д, кодирующих белки, предположительно участвующие в адгезии бифидобактерий с эпителиальным клеткам кишечника.
Study on the Mechanical Device, Control System, and Sensor of Biaxial Actuated Artificial Anal Sphincter Actuator for Treating Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Hua Fangfang , Yan Guozheng , Han Ding , Wang Lichao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Conventional artificial anal sphincter (AAS) did not have the capability to detect intestinal pressure, which may lead to ischemic necrosis at the clamping site or incomplete fecal release. The biaxial actuated artificial anal sphincter (BAAS) was capable of emulating the functions of the internal and external anal sphincters as well as the puborectalis in regulating defecation. Additionally, it provided real-time feedback on intestinal pressure information and aided in restoring the patient's sensation of defecation. The performance of the actuator was pivotal to the defecation control process within the BAAS, directly influencing its efficacy. Based on the human defecation mechanisms, the BAAS actuator designed in this study comprised primarily mechanical device, control system, and sensor module (SM). The mechanical device was responsible for executing the defecation operation. The control system facilitated information collection, transmission, processing, and storage. It controlled the actions of the mechanical device and established communication with an external controller. The sensor module quantified intestinal pressure and aided patients in regaining a sense of normal defecation. Finally, through tests evaluated sealing performance, mechanical performance, and clamping capability of the BAAS actuator, it was confirmed that the BAAS achieved an IPx8 waterproof rating. When a stall current of 0.615 A, the BAAS actuator generated an output force of 11.65 N, satisfying the clamping requirements of the BAAS system. The BAAS actuator had a maximum control volume of approximately 450 mL and an anorectal angle less than 90 deg, which met the requirements of in vivo experiment. This study provided guidance for a new generation of AAS.
Latent Pitfalls in Microstructure-Based Modeling for Thermally Aged 9Cr-1Mo-V Steel (Grade 91)
Authors: Ren Weiju 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A case study was conducted on a mechanistic model development that predicted tensile strength deterioration with thermal aging of 9Cr-1Mo-V steel in supporting the 60-year design life expected for advanced nuclear reactors. For property prediction beyond practical testing times, mechanistic modeling is highly desired, as it taps into the physics of structure–property relationships and therefore can generate reliable results for extrapolation. Meanwhile, as mechanistic models are often complicated, reflecting the intricacy of microstructure and strengthening mechanisms, pitfalls that are difficult to detect often exist. This paper discusses latent pitfalls that are common in mechanistic modeling or specific in this 9Cr-1Mo-V case development through using the American Society of Mechanical Engineers verification and validation in computational solid mechanics (ASME V&V 10) standard for evaluating credibility of modeling in materials engineering. Suggestions are also made for enhancing reliability of microstructure-based modeling.
The spin correlation of fermion pairs created by a Kerr black hole gravitational potential
Authors: Dai De-Chang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study the properties of massive fermions created and scattered by a rotating Kerr black hole. The helicities of the scattered fermions can vary during propagation. A fermion with a right-handed helicity can become either right or left-handed after interacting with the gravitational potential. This implies that measuring characteristics of an escaping particle is insufficient to reconstruct all the characteristics of its infalling partner. This further means the helicities of a particle pair created by the gravitational potential are not fully entangled. Since spin and helicity share many common features, it is likely that the same is true for spins of spontaneously created particles.
Do Trials as Part of Transitional Justice Challenge the Stigma Related to Being Targeted by Serious Human Rights Violations?
Authors: Sønneland Anne Margrethe 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There is often stigma attached to being the victim of state violence, as being targeted by state violence is often seen as proof that a person is guilty. This article discusses whether trials as part of transitional justice can challenge such stigma. Trials can provide a legal truth, through identifying what has happened, who the perpetrators are, and who the victim is. Trials and court hearings are an expression of what societies accept, and when a perpetrator is sentenced it is an expression of solidarity with the victim. The article compares how persons targeted by state violence by former regimes in Argentina and Peru describe and perceive of such stigma, how stigma has changed over time and with contemporary trials. There are important differences between the countries regarding the violent history, the groups targeted by state violence, and the ongoing trials, also regarding the outcome of the trials.