bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
45 Gy is not sufficient radiotherapy dose for Group III orbital embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma after less than complete response to 12 weeks of ARST0331 chemotherapy
Authors: Ermoian Ralph P. , Breneman John , Walterhouse David O. , Chi Yueh‐Yun , Meza Jane , Anderson James , Hawkins Douglas S. , Hayes‐Jordan Andrea A. , Parham David M. , Yock Torunn I. , Donaldson Sarah S. , Wolden Suzanne L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundRecent Children's Oncology Group (COG) trials tested the efficacy of reduced therapy in an effort to lessen late effects compared to the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) IV regimen with associated hematologic and hepatic toxicity, and infertility. Here, we analyze the efficacy of 45 Gray (Gy) local radiotherapy (RT) in patients with Group III orbital embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) enrolled on the COG low‐risk study ARST0331.ProcedureSixty‐two patients with Group III orbital ERMS were treated on ARST0331 with four cycles of vincristine (VCR), dactinomycin (DACT), and cyclophosphamide (CPM; VAC, total cumulative CPM dose 4.8 g/m2) followed by four cycles of VCR and DACT over 22 weeks. Forty‐five Gray of radiation was administered in 25 fractions beginning at week 13 of therapy.ResultsFifty‐three patients were evaluable for this response analysis; seven had missing week 12 response evaluation data and two had progressive disease prior to starting RT. Median follow‐up was 7.8 years. None of the 15 patients with radiographic complete response (CR) compared to 6 of the 38 patients with <CR after 12 weeks of VAC chemotherapy had local recurrences (P = 0.11). There was no difference in overall survival by response at week 12 (P = 0.52).ConclusionsFor patients with Group III orbital ERMS achieving a CR following VAC chemotherapy that includes modest dose CPM, 45 Gy may be sufficient for durable failure‐free survival. However, for those with <CR treated with the ARST0331 systemic therapy, a different local therapy approach may be needed to achieve the control rate of IRS‐IV without its toxicity.
p16 Loss and E2F/cell cycle deregulation in infant posterior fossa ependymoma
Authors: Lummus Seth C. , Donson Andrew M. , Gowan Katherine , Jones Kenneth L. , Vibhakar Rajeev , Foreman Nicholas K. , Kleinschmidt‐DeMasters B. K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundPosterior fossa (PF) ependymomas (EPNs) in infants less than 1 year of age (iEPN‐PF) have a poorer clinical outcome than EPNs in older children. While radiation therapy is the standard of care for the latter, it is withheld in infants to avoid neurotoxicity to immature brain. It is unknown whether the adverse outcome in iEPN‐PFs is due to treatment differences or aggressive biology. We examined this question using molecular profiling.MethodsSix anaplastic iEPN‐PFs were subjected to transcriptomic analysis and FISH for p16 loss and gains of 1q, and compared with anaplastic PF EPNs from older children. Results were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsAll six iEPN‐PFs were grouped within EPN PF subgroup A (PFA). E2F targets and G2M checkpoint were identified as the most enriched gene sets in iEPN‐PF, which was validated in a larger independent cohort. Accordingly, MIB‐1 IHC demonstrated a higher mitotic rate in iEPN‐PFs than noninfant anaplastic EPN PFA. Genetic and protein analyses demonstrated that p16 loss and low p16 protein expression is a hallmark of iEPN‐PF, and that none harbored 1q gains. Kaplan–Meier analysis confirmed the poorer clinical outcome of the iEPN‐PF cohort.ConclusionsBiological differences, characterized by loss of p16 expression without gains of 1q in iEPN‐PFs, as well as deregulated E2F target gene transcription, are indicative of deregulated p16‐CDK4/6‐pRB‐E2F pathway activity. This may underlie the poor clinical outcome seen in this group of iEPN‐PFs, rather than the withholding of radiation therapy. Results suggest a potential actionable therapy for iEPN‐PF, namely cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors.
Adaptive robust consensus tracking for nonlinear second‐order multi‐agent systems with heterogeneous uncertainties
Authors: Ai Xiaolin , Yu Jianqiao , Jia Zhenyue , Shen Yuanchuan , Ma Pengbao , Yang Di 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThis paper addresses the consensus tracking problem for a class of heterogeneous nonlinear second‐order multi‐agent systems with parametric uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, and bounded external disturbances. By linearly parameterizing the control input of the leader, two distributed adaptive robust consensus tracking control protocols with dynamic and fixed coupling gains are constructed based on the relative information from neighboring agents. The global tracking errors are shown to be guaranteed to exponentially converge to a ball with a constant radius at a prescribed rate of convergence under external disturbances. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify the theoretical results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Bad’ piped water and other perceptual drivers of bottled water consumption in Indonesia
Authors: Prasetiawan Teddy , Nastiti Anindrya , Muntalif Barti Setiani 
Published: May 2017

In countries that have established and have been maintaining a robust piped water system, bottled water has been perceived to be of better quality than piped water. We argue that piped water and bottled water cannot be easily compared in the Indonesian context. Drinking from tap water has never been accepted as the norm as piped water has no guarantee of purity and safety. The substantial marketing efforts of the bottled water industry highlight the appeal of bottled water in regard to, not only good water quality and physical health, but also taste, convenience, mental health, and social and environmental values. Despite many negative social and environmental issues associated with bottled water, this enigmatic commodity is becoming ‘the’ drinking water in Indonesia and is inseparable from modern life. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1219. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1219This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
The contribution of Gustav R. Kirchhoff to the dynamics of tapered beams
Authors: Cazzani Antonio , Rosati Luciano , Ruge Peter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGustav Kirchhoff has been credited, among many other renowned achievements, as the first scientist who tackled and solved the problem of studying the transversal vibrations of beams with variable cross‐section. His contribution, which was presented in 1879 and published in the following year, is nowadays almost forgotten in the international scientific community, with the only exception of the German‐speaking countries. For this reason it is rediscovered and thoroughly discussed here, with an exegetical approach. For completeness' sake an unabridged translation into English (the first one, to the best of the authors' knowledge) is provided in the appendix for the interested readers.
Lymph Node Retrieval is Inferior in the Modified Merendino Resection for Early Barrett’s Carcinoma: A Matched‐Pair Comparison with Ivor Lewis Resection
Authors: Haist Thomas , Mann Markus , von Sochaczewski Christina Oetzmann , Pauthner Michael , Fisseler‐Eckhoff Annette , Lorenz Dietmar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAim of the studyA matched‐pair comparison between the modified Merendino resection (MER) and Ivor Lewis resection (ILR) for early Barrett’s carcinoma.BackgroundEarly adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (eACE) with positive risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) needs surgery for cure. MER appeared to be an alternative to ILR.MethodsBetween July 2000 and July 2012, 156 patients with high‐grade dysplasia or eACE received ILR, whereas in 30 cases MER was performed in a tertiary care center for GI Surgery. A matched‐pair analysis was performed on the basis of sex, age, BMI, ASA classification and tumor stage. Thirty patients were assigned to each group. The data were analyzed regarding perioperative aspects (e.g., operating time, hospital stay, complications, number of lymph nodes) and survival analysis.ResultsThe mean operating time was 301.7 min for ILR, compared to 255.4 min for MER (p = 0.044). The hospital stay following ILR was significantly longer than for MER (22.4 days ILR vs. 16.4 days MER, p = 0.023). There was no statistically significant difference regarding complications between the two groups (p = 0.463). The number of resected lymph nodes was significantly lower in the MER group (median 21) compared to the ILR group, where a median of 31 lymph nodes could be removed (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in overall (p = 0.145) or tumor‐specific survival (p = 0.353).ConclusionsLymph node retrieval is significantly inferior in the MER. Postoperative complication rates were comparable between the two operating techniques, although the operation time for ILR took longer and these patients required a longer hospital stay. MER should not be applied in cases with high risk of LNM.
Can we program or train robots to be good?
Authors: Sharkey Amanda 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs robots are deployed in a widening range of situations, it is necessary to develop a clearer position about whether or not they can be trusted to make good moral decisions. In this paper, we take a realistic look at recent attempts to program and to train robots to develop some form of moral competence. Examples of implemented robot behaviours that have been described as 'ethical', or 'minimally ethical' are considered, although they are found to operate only in quite constrained and limited application domains. There is a general recognition that current robots cannot be described as full moral agents, but it is less clear whether will always be the case. Concerns are raised about the insufficiently justified use of terms such as 'moral' and 'ethical' to describe the behaviours of robots that are often more related to safety considerations than to moral ones. Given the current state of the art, two possible responses are identified. The first involves continued efforts to develop robots that are capable of ethical behaviour. The second is to argue against, and to attempt to avoid, placing robots in situations that demand moral competence and an understanding of the surrounding social situation. There is something to be gained from both responses, but it is argued here that the second is the more responsible choice.
Bacillus pumilus strain YSPMK11 as plant growth promoter and bicontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Kaushal Manoj , Kumar Ajay , Kaushal Rajesh 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
A study was executed in a direction to attenuate Sclerotinia stalk rot (SSR) disease through biocontrol agent and also to enhance crop productivity. Culture filtrate of bacterial strain YSPMK11 inhibited growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro which also exhibited higher plant growth promoting attributes. Interaction studies revealed maximum (81.50%) growth inhibition at 35 °C and pH 7.0 after 72 h incubation period with 15% culture filtrate. Based upon 16S rRNA gene sequence strain, YSPMK11 was identified as Bacillus pumilus. Furthermore, the genome of this isolate was searched for antimicrobial lipopeptide, i.e., ItuD and SrfC genes. The PCR amplification results showed the presence of both these lipopeptide genes in isolate YSPMK11. Iturin A as antifungal compound was identified as major components of fraction through GC/MS. In field experiments, the application of strain YSPMK11 cell suspension (108 CFU/ml) suppressed disease severity by 93% and increased curd yield by 36% which was more that of commercially used fungicide in farmer practices under mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh. Conclusively, our study is first to demonstrate the effect of B. pumilus strain YSPMK11 in suppression of SSR under field conditions and would be employed as an efficient biocontrol agent to replace commercial fungicides in cauliflower cropping system. In addition, the presence of both lipopeptide genes (ItuD and SrfC) and iturin A in this isolate makes him potent strain for biological control application in agriculture.
Indonesian dengue burden estimates: review of evidence by an expert panel
Authors: WAHYONO T. Y. M. , NEALON J. , BEUCHER S. , PRAYITNO A. , MOUREAU A. , NAWAWI S. , THABRANY H. , NADJIB M. 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYRoutine, passive surveillance systems tend to underestimate the burden of communicable diseases such as dengue. When empirical methods are unavailable, complimentary opinion-based or extrapolative methods have been employed. Here, an expert Delphi panel estimated the proportion of dengue captured by the Indonesian surveillance system, and associated health system parameters. Following presentation of medical and epidemiological data and subsequent discussions, the panel made iterative estimates from which expansion factors (EF), the ratio of total:reported cases, were calculated. Panelists estimated that of all symptomatic Indonesian dengue episodes, 57·8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 46·6–59·8) enter healthcare facilities to seek treatment; 39·3% (95% CI 32·8–42·0) are diagnosed as dengue; and 20·3% (95% CI 16·1–24·3) are subsequently reported in the surveillance system. They estimated most hospitalizations occur in the public sector, while ~55% of ambulatory episodes are seen privately. These estimates gave an overall EF of 5·00; hospitalized EF of 1·66; and ambulatory EF of 34·01 which, when combined with passive surveillance data, equates to an annual average (2006–2015) of 612 005 dengue cases, and 183 297 hospitalizations. These estimates are lower than those published elsewhere, perhaps due to case definitions, local clinical perceptions and treatment-seeking behavior. These findings complement global burden estimates, support health economic analyses, and can be used to inform decision-making.
Discovery of first-in-class reversible dual small molecule inhibitors against G9a and DNMTs in hematological malignancies
Authors: San José-Enériz Edurne , Agirre Xabier , Rabal Obdulia , Vilas-Zornoza Amaia , Sanchez-Arias Juan A. , Miranda Estibaliz , Ugarte Ana , Roa Sergio , Paiva Bruno , Estella-Hermoso de Mendoza Ander , Alvarez Rosa María , Casares Noelia , Segura Victor , Martín-Subero José I. , Ogi François-Xavier , Soule Pierre , Santiveri Clara M. , Campos-Olivas Ramón , Castellano Giancarlo , de Barrena Maite Garcia Fernandez , Rodriguez-Madoz Juan Roberto , García-Barchino Maria José , Lasarte Juan Jose , Avila Matias A , Martinez-Climent Jose Angel , Oyarzabal Julen , Prosper Felipe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe indisputable role of epigenetics in cancer and the fact that epigenetic alterations can be reversed have favoured development of epigenetic drugs. In this study, we design and synthesize potent novel, selective and reversible chemical probes that simultaneously inhibit the G9a and DNMTs methyltransferase activity. In vitro treatment of haematological neoplasia (acute myeloid leukaemia-AML, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-ALL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma-DLBCL) with the lead compound CM-272, inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis, inducing interferon-stimulated genes and immunogenic cell death. CM-272 significantly prolongs survival of AML, ALL and DLBCL xenogeneic models. Our results represent the discovery of first-in-class dual inhibitors of G9a/DNMTs and establish this chemical series as a promising therapeutic tool for unmet needs in haematological tumours.
Cellular interplay via cytokine hierarchy causes pathological cardiac hypertrophy in RAF1-mutant Noonan syndrome
Authors: Yin Jiani C. , Platt Mathew J. , Tian Xixi , Wu Xue , Backx Peter H. , Simpson Jeremy A. , Araki Toshiyuki , Neel Benjamin G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNoonan syndrome (NS) is caused by mutations in RAS/ERK pathway genes, and is characterized by craniofacial, growth, cognitive and cardiac defects. NS patients with kinase-activatingRAF1alleles typically develop pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is reproduced inRaf1L613V/+knock-in mice. Here, using inducibleRaf1L613Vexpression, we show that LVH results from the interplay of cardiac cell types. CardiomyocyteRaf1L613Venhances Ca2+sensitivity and cardiac contractility without causing hypertrophy.Raf1L613Vexpression in cardiomyocytes or activated fibroblasts exacerbates pressure overload-evoked fibrosis. Endothelial/endocardial (EC)Raf1L613Vcauses cardiac hypertrophy without affecting contractility. Co-culture and neutralizing antibody experiments reveal a cytokine (TNF/IL6) hierarchy inRaf1L613V-expressing ECs that drives cardiomyocyte hypertrophyin vitro. Furthermore, postnatal TNF inhibition normalizes the increased wall thickness and cardiomyocyte hypertrophyin vivo. We conclude that NS-cardiomyopathy involves cardiomyocytes, ECs and fibroblasts, TNF/IL6 signalling components represent potential therapeutic targets, and abnormal EC signalling might contribute to other forms of LVH.
Synergistic IL-6 and IL-8 paracrine signalling pathway infers a strategy to inhibit tumour cell migration
Authors: Jayatilaka Hasini , Tyle Pranay , Chen Jonathan J. , Kwak Minsuk , Ju Julia , Kim Hyun Ji , Lee Jerry S. H. , Wu Pei-Hsun , Gilkes Daniele M. , Fan Rong , Wirtz Denis 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFollowing uncontrolled proliferation, a subset of primary tumour cells acquires additional traits/mutations to trigger phenotypic changes that enhance migration and are hypothesized to be the initiators of metastasis. This study reveals an adaptive mechanism that harnesses synergistic paracrine signalling via IL-6/8, which is amplified by cell proliferation and cell density, to directly promote cell migration. This effect occurs in metastatic human sarcoma and carcinoma cells– but not in normal or non-metastatic cancer cells-, and likely involves the downstream signalling of WASF3 and Arp2/3. The transcriptional phenotype of high-density cells that emerges due to proliferation resembles that of low-density cells treated with a combination of IL-6/8. Simultaneous inhibition of IL-6/8 receptors decreases the expression of WASF3 and Arp2/3 in a mouse xenograft model and reduces metastasis. This study reveals a potential mechanism that promotes tumour cell migration and infers a strategy to decrease metastatic capacity of tumour cells.
Targeted recombination between homologous chromosomes for precise breeding in tomato
Authors: Filler Hayut Shdema , Melamed Bessudo Cathy , Levy Avraham A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHomologous recombination (HR) between parental chromosomes occurs stochastically. Here, we report on targeted recombination between homologous chromosomes upon somatic induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) via CRISPR-Cas9. We demonstrate this via a visual and molecular assay whereby DSB induction between two alleles carrying different mutations in the PHYTOENE SYNTHASE (PSY1) gene results in yellow fruits with wild type red sectors forming via HR-mediated DSB repair. We also show that in heterozygote plants containing one psy1 allele immune and one sensitive to CRISPR, repair of the broken allele using the unbroken allele sequence template is a common outcome. In another assay, we show evidence of a somatically induced DSB in a cross between a psy1 edible tomato mutant and wild type Solanum pimpinellifolium, targeting only the S. pimpinellifolium allele. This enables characterization of germinally transmitted targeted somatic HR events, demonstrating that somatically induced DSBs can be exploited for precise breeding of crops.
Virtual substrate method for nanomaterials characterization
Authors: Da Bo , Liu Jiangwei , Yamamoto Mahito , Ueda Yoshihiro , Watanabe Kazuyuki , Cuong Nguyen Thanh , Li Songlin , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito , Yoshikawa Hideki , Iwai Hideo , Tanuma Shigeo , Guo Hongxuan , Gao Zhaoshun , Sun Xia , Ding Zejun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCharacterization techniques available for bulk or thin-film solid-state materials have been extended to substrate-supported nanomaterials, but generally non-quantitatively. This is because the nanomaterial signals are inevitably buried in the signals from the underlying substrate in common reflection-configuration techniques. Here, we propose a virtual substrate method, inspired by the four-point probe technique for resistance measurement as well as the chop-nod method in infrared astronomy, to characterize nanomaterials without the influence of underlying substrate signals from four interrelated measurements. By implementing this method in secondary electron (SE) microscopy, a SE spectrum (white electrons) associated with the reflectivity difference between two different substrates can be tracked and controlled. The SE spectrum is used to quantitatively investigate the covering nanomaterial based on subtle changes in the transmission of the nanomaterial with high efficiency rivalling that of conventional core-level electrons. The virtual substrate method represents a benchmark for surface analysis to provide ‘free-standing’ information about supported nanomaterials.
Rationally designed mineralization for selective recovery of the rare earth elements
Authors: Hatanaka Takaaki , Matsugami Akimasa , Nonaka Takamasa , Takagi Hideki , Hayashi Fumiaki , Tani Takao , Ishida Nobuhiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe increasing demand for rare earth (RE) elements in advanced materials for permanent magnets, rechargeable batteries, catalysts and lamp phosphors necessitates environmentally friendly approaches for their recovery and separation. Here, we propose a mineralization concept for direct extraction of RE ions with Lamp (lanthanide ion mineralization peptide). In aqueous solution containing various metal ions, Lamp promotes the generation of RE hydroxide species with which it binds to form hydrophobic complexes that accumulate spontaneously as insoluble precipitates, even under physiological conditions (pH ∼6.0). This concept for stabilization of an insoluble lanthanide hydroxide complex with an artificial peptide also works in combination with stable scaffolds like synthetic macromolecules and proteins. Our strategy opens the possibility for selective separation of target metal elements from seawater and industrial wastewater under mild conditions without additional energy input.