bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wie man eine Platonstelle deutet: Exegetische Strukturen im Mittelplatonismus
Authors: Petrucci Federico M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this paper I analyse the most important pieces of evidence concerning the structure of Middle Platonist exegesis (passages from Diogenes Laertius, Taurus of Beirut, the anonymousCommentary on the Theaetetus, Longinus). At first sight these sources seem to present a two-step structure in Middle Platonist exegesis, i. e. a structure which would be quite similar to the Neoplatonic λέξις–θεωρία model. I shall argue, however, that this is not the case: such a structure could be ascribed (in different arrangements) to school exegetical praxis, but it was not applied in Middle Platonist exegetical writings, which were not bound to specific stylistic patterns.
Denn dies ist mir viel wert, Kriton ...
Authors: Kersten Markus 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe paper concerns the textual form of the sentenceCrit.48e4. A return to the transmitted infinitive πεῖσαι is proposed; at the same time, it is demonstrated that the sentence is thereby ambiguous. Yet, it can be shown that this ambiguousness does not render the passage meaningless. In fact, the transmitted text is interpretively extremely rich, because with the indefinite infinitive a central problem of the dialogue, the demand ‘to convince or obey’, is accentuated in a distinctive way, namely in respect of the personal relation of the two philosophising friends. For the dramatic effect of the dialogue this passage is of great importance.
Location Privacy for Rank-based Geo-Query Systems
Authors: Eltarjaman Wisam , Dewri Rinku , Thurimella Ramakrishna 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The mobile eco-system is driven by an increasing number of location-aware applications. Consequently, a number of location privacy models have been proposed to prevent the unwanted inference of sensitive information from location traces. A primary focus in these models is to ensure that a privacy mechanism can indeed retrieve results that are geographically the closest. However, geo-query results are, in most cases, ranked using a combination of distance and importance data, thereby producing a result landscape that is periodically flat and not always dictated by distance. A privacy model that does not exploit this structure of geo-query results may enforce weaker levels of location privacy. Towards this end, we explore a formal location privacy principle designed to capture arbitrary similarity between locations, be it distance, or the number of objects common in their result sets. We propose a composite privacy mechanism that performs probabilistic cloaking and exponentially weighted sampling to provide coarse grain location hiding within a tunable area, and finer privacy guarantees under the principle inside this area. We present extensive empirical evidence to supplement claims on the effectiveness of the approach, along with comparative results to assert the stronger privacy guarantees.
To Permit or Not to Permit, That is the Usability Question: Crowdsourcing Mobile Apps’ Privacy Permission Settings
Authors: Ismail Qatrunnada , Ahmed Tousif , Caine Kelly , Kapadia Apu , Reiter Michael 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Millions of apps available to smartphone owners request various permissions to resources on the devices including sensitive data such as location and contact information. Disabling permissions for sensitive resources could improve privacy but can also impact the usability of apps in ways users may not be able to predict. We study an efficient approach that ascertains the impact of disabling permissions on the usability of apps through large-scale, crowdsourced user testing with the ultimate goal of making recommendations to users about which permissions can be disabled for improved privacy without sacrificing usability.
We replicate and significantly extend previous analysis that showed the promise of a crowdsourcing approach where crowd workers test and report back on various configurations of an app. Through a large, between-subjects user experiment, our work provides insight into the impact of removing permissions within and across different apps (our participants tested three apps: Facebook Messenger (N=218), Instagram (N=227), and Twitter (N=110)). We study the impact of removing various permissions within and across apps, and we discover that it is possible to increase user privacy by disabling app permissions while also maintaining app usability.
Expectation-Maximization Tensor Factorization for Practical Location Privacy Attacks
Authors: Murakami Takao 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Location privacy attacks based on a Markov chain model have been widely studied to de-anonymize or de-obfuscate mobility traces. An adversary can perform various kinds of location privacy attacks using a personalized transition matrix, which is trained for each target user. However, the amount of training data available to the adversary can be very small, since many users do not disclose much location information in their daily lives. In addition, many locations can be missing from the training traces, since many users do not disclose their locations continuously but rather sporadically. In this paper, we show that the Markov chain model can be a threat even in this realistic situation. Specifically, we focus on a training phase (i.e. mobility profile building phase) and propose Expectation-Maximization Tensor Factorization (EMTF), which alternates between computing a distribution of missing locations (E-step) and computing personalized transition matrices via tensor factorization (M-step). Since the time complexity of EMTF is exponential in the number of missing locations, we propose two approximate learning methods, one of which uses the Viterbi algorithm while the other uses the Forward Filtering Backward Sampling (FFBS) algorithm. We apply our learning methods to a de-anonymization attack and a localization attack, and evaluate them using three real datasets. The results show that our learning methods significantly outperform a random guess, even when there is only one training trace composed of 10 locations per user, and each location is missing with probability 80% (i.e. even when users hardly disclose two temporally-continuous locations).
Bayes, not Naïve: Security Bounds on Website Fingerprinting Defenses
Authors: Cherubin Giovanni 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks raise major concerns about users’ privacy. They employ Machine Learning (ML) techniques to allow a local passive adversary to uncover the Web browsing behavior of a user, even if she browses through an encrypted tunnel (e.g. Tor, VPN). Numerous defenses have been proposed in the past; however, it is typically difficult to have formal guarantees on their security, which is most often evaluated empirically against state-of-the-art attacks. In this paper, we present a practical method to derive security bounds for any WF defense, where the bounds depend on a chosen feature set. This result derives from reducing WF attacks to an ML classification task, where we can determine the smallest achievable error (the Bayes error). Such error can be estimated in practice, and is a lower bound for a WF adversary, for any classification algorithm he may use. Our work has two main consequences: i) it allows determining the security of WF defenses, in a black-box manner, with respect to the state-of-the-art feature set and ii) it favors shifting the focus of future WF research to identifying optimal feature sets. The generality of this approach further suggests that the method could be used to define security bounds for other ML-based attacks.
Photosensitization of peptides and proteins by pterin derivatives
Authors: Dantola Maria Laura , Reid Lara O. , Castaño Carolina , Lorente Carolina , Oliveros Esther , Thomas Andrés H. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Proteins are one of the preferential targets of the photosensitized damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on biological system. Pterins belong to a family of heterocyclic compounds, which are widespread in living systems and participate in relevant biological functions. In pathological conditions, such as vitiligo, oxidized pterins accumulate in the white skin patches of patients suffering this depigmentation disorder. It is known that pterins are able to photosensitize damage in nucleotides and DNA by type I (electron transfer) and type II (singlet oxygen) mechanisms. Recently, it has been demonstrated that proteins and its components may also be damaged when solutions containing both proteins and pterin are exposed to UV-A radiation. Therefore, given the biological and medical relevance of the photosensitizing properties of these molecules, we present in this article an overview of the capability of different pterin derivatives to photoinduce damage in proteins present in the skin, focusing our attention on the chemical modifications of tyrosine and tryptophan residues.
A digital Jewish history?
Authors: Smiatacz Carmen 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
How can we teach Jewish history in a modern and effective way? In Hamburg, Germany, a school project called Geschichtomat tries to find an answer to that question. With the help of digital media, students explore their Jewish neighbourhood. This one-of-a-kind German program permits students to experience the Jewish past and present life in their hometown. During the project, students explore their neighbourhood to understand its historical figures, places, and events. This way they engage with Jewish life. Under the supervision of experts in the disciplines of history and media education, the students will: research, perform interviews with cultural authorities and contemporary witnesses, visit museums and archives, shoot and cut films, edit photos and write accompanying texts. Finally, their contributions are uploaded to the geschichtomat.de website. Little by little a digital map of Jewish life from the perspective of teenagers will take shape.
A variational approach for predicting initiation of matrix cracking and induced delamination in symmetric composite laminates under in-plane loading
Authors: Taghavi Larijani Seyed Siamak , Farrokhabadi Amin 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper discusses the formation of matrix cracking and induced delaminations in a

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laminate subject to arbitrary in-plane loading using a variational approach. To this end, the effects of delaminations coming from the tips of transverse cracks in the middle sublaminates are considered to specify the critical crack density points and finally understand which modes of damage are prospects for various lay-ups in the presence of transverse cracks as well as induced delamination. After deriving a very good approximation of the principle of minimum complementary energy by considering complex equations, the stress fields are provided. In this analysis, a unit cell in the ply level of a composite laminate containing both matrix cracking and delamination is considered. Then, the values of the admissible stresses and compliance of cracked laminate are employed to evaluate the energy release rate of each mentioned damage mode. Eventually, the graphs for different lay-ups in such symmetric laminate are drawn, which indicate important points for designers in practical applications. Afterwards, the effects of thickness on the dislocation of critical crack density points are checked. It can be emphasized that the current approach opens a new insight for perceiving the composites’ structural behavior in vulnerable positions.
Optimization of the PDMS/biochar nanocomposite membranes using the response surface methodology
Authors: Lan Yongqiang , Yan Ning , Wang Weihong 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
To improve the separation performance of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/bark biochar (BB) nanocomposite membranes used for alcohol/water separation, the preparation conditions of these composite membranes were analyzed and optimized. In this study, we investigated the following preparation parameters: the BB pyrolysis temperature, the weight ratio of the silane coupling agent (KH-550) to bark biochar (BB), and the BB loading amount. The regression equations were established between these three preparation parameters and the final pervaporation (PV) performance characteristics of the composite membranes. The membranes performed the best under the following optimal preparation conditions: a BB pyrolysis temperature of 407°C; a silane coupling reagent/BB weight ratio of 0.86, and a BB loading amount of 3.36 wt%. According to the results of the regression analysis, a maximum permeation flux of 221.2 g·m−2·h−1 and a maximum selective factor of 21.3 was obtained when the feed temperature for the 5 wt% alcohol solution was set at 40°C.
Resistance of Castanea Clones to Phytophthora Cinnamomi: Testing and Genetic Control
Authors: Miranda-Fontaíña M. E. , Fernández-López J. , Vettraino A. M. , Vannini A. 
Published: October 2017

Summary
The resistance of chestnut clones to Phytophthora cinnamomi was evaluated by a soil inoculation experiment under controlled environmental conditions, as well as by excised and intact stem tests. One-year-old plants of fifty different clones were inoculated with two isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi and evaluated fourteen weeks after inoculation. There were significant differences among clones for all root and collar rot variables. There were significant differences for isolates of P. cinnamomi but only for the collar rot variables. A total of 84% of plants grown in infested soil showed symptoms of root rot but only 50% of the plants with root rot, showed also had collar rot. The roots of resistant clones were able to confine the colonization, in roots and from roots to collar. Percentage circumference of collar rot was the best indicator or descriptor of sensitivity, a 50% of clones were resistant or highly resistant clones, with respectively less than 20% and than 10% circumference of collar rot. Percentage of survival of plants is not sufficient to indicate resistance to the pathogen, as mortality may be affected by environmental conditions or by other pathogens. The clonal heritability of collar rot variables ranged between 0.54 and 0.71. The plants grown on inoculated soil showed a reduction in growth. The phenotypic and genotypic correlations between soil infestation characteristics and the length of necrosis in both intact and excised stem tests were positive and highly significant and indicated similar resistance rankings of the clones.
Comparing Morphological With Genetic Distances Between Populations: A New Method and its Application to the Prosopis chilensis – P. flexuosa complex
Authors: Verga A. , Gregorius H.-R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The biological units that are the object of management, preservation and improvement for the development of sustainable productive systems in natural areas, need to be differentiated and analyzed. Attending to this need, a new morphological distance is presented in this work. This distance is based on qualitative criteria and is applied to numerical taxonomy studies. The characteristics of this trait allow its comparison with the genetic distance of GREGORIUS (1974). Both parameters are essential tools in basic studies of native species populations. The morphological distance is applied to reveal genetically differentiated units in a swarm of hybrids between closely related species, and this result is compared with the results obtained from the application of traditional methods of numerical taxonomy.
Allelic Diversity Revealed Through SSR Polymorphisms at the Locus Encoding HMG-CoA Reductase in Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)
Authors: Saha T. , Roy C. B. , Ravindran M. , Bini K. , Nazeer M. A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This study was carried out to define the extent of allelic variation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase gene (HMGR) in wild Hevea accessions, based on SSR polymorphisms existing at their 3’-untranslated regions (UTRs). Existence of two microsatellite alleles and their repeat compositions was demonstrated earlier in cultivated rubber clones. Both alleles contained perfect poly (AG)n repeats interrupted by a short sequence of 12 nucleotides and allelic variation at this microsatellite locus was the result of repeat length polymorphisms. In wild populations of rubber, nine microsatellite alleles (‘A’ to ‘I’) were identified at the HMGR locus revealing a wide allelic diversity compared to cultivated clones. Out of nine, four alleles (‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’ and ‘G’) were present in higher frequencies than the others. In total, 15 allelic combinations were noticed for HMGR among wild accessions and four of them were unique. Twenty-five out of 60 wild accessions were found to be homozygous for the above four alleles (‘BB’, ‘CC’, ‘DD’ and ‘GG’) and the rest were heterozygous, characterized by 11 different allelic combinations. Repeat-length polymorphisms were noticed in these four alleles prevailing among wild Hevea accessions. Genetic relatedness of Mato Grosso accessions with cultivated Hevea clones, as revealed through this study, is in agreement with earlier reports on phylogenetic studies using molecular markers. This work is a significant step towards understanding the functional variability of HMGR for latex production in Hevea brasiliensis.
Differential Growth and Rooting of Upland and Peatland Black Spruce, Picea mariana, in Drained and Flooded Soils
Authors: Yang R.-C. , Yeh F. C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA reciprocal experiment was analyzed to determine whether 30 open-pollinated families of peatland and upland populations of black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] sampled from a single area in north-central Alberta, Canada, performed consistently when grown in either flooded or well-drained soils (i.e., if there is a family x soil interaction or generally called genotype x environment interaction (GEI)). The data for the analysis consisted of five traits (height, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root/shoot dry weight ratio and number of braches) describing growth and rooting performance of tree seedlings in flooded and drained soils (root environments) in a greenhouse for 16 weeks. A mixed-model analysis was used to characterize GEI. The analysis revealed an interesting contrast of GEI patterns between the peatland vs. upland populations: GEI was absent (as indicated by a perfect correlation between flooded and drained soils) in peatland population but present in the upland population. Our results from the characterization of GEI are also consistent with the well-known theory about selection in different environments that correlated responses due to indirect selection are in general less than direct responses. The contrasting patterns of GEI in peatland vs. upland populations may be reflective of different strategies of adaptation to the contrasting environmental conditions, with the peatland trees growing slowly but steadily and with the upland populations growing fast and very responsive to environmental changes.
Short Note: Seed Source Variation in Seedling and Nodulation Characters in Dalbergia sissoo Roxb
Authors: Devagiri G. M. , Dhiman R. C. , Naveen Kumar P. , Patil C. S. P. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Study was conducted involving 20 seed sources of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., collected from the greater part of its distributional range to understand the variation, particularly in nodulation pattern associated with seed sources. Seedling height, number of nodules per seedling and seedling biomass exhibited strong seed source dependent variation. While collar diameter and nodule diameter showed statistically non-significant differences among seed sources. Significant positive correlations were observed between growth characters (seedling height, collar diameter and root length). Highly significant positive correlation was observed between total number of nodules/seedling with root length and seedling dry matter indicating the influence of root length on nodulation and in turn the effect of nodulation on seedling biomass production. The selection therefore, should be aimed at seed source with highest level of susceptibility to root nodulation with rhizobia which could perform well in the initial stages of plantation establishment on poor sites.
Genotype-Species Interactions in Neighbourhoods of Forest Tree Communities
Authors: Wehenkel Chr. , Bergmann F. , Gregorius H.-R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStudies on plant communities of various annual species suggest that there are particular biotic interactions among individuals from different species which could be the basis for long-term species coexistence. In the course of a large survey on species-genetic diversity relationships in several forest tree communities, it was found that statistically significant differences exist among isozyme genotype frequencies of conspecific tree groups, which differ only by species identity of their neighbours. Based on a specific measure, the association of the neighbouring species with the genotypes of the target species or that of the genotypes with the neighbouring species was quantified. Since only AAT and HEK of the five analysed enzyme systems differed in their genotype frequencies among several tree groups of the same target species, a potential involvement of their enzymatic function in the observed differences was discussed. The results of this study demonstrate a fine-scale genetic differentiation within single tree species of forest communities, which may be the result of biotic interactions between the genetic structure of a species and the species composition of its community. This observation also suggests the importance of intraspecific genetic variation for interspecific adaptation.
Genetic Variation and Climatic Impacts on Survival and Growth of White Spruce in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Rweyongeza D. M. , Yang R.-C. , Dhir N. K. , Barnhardt L. K. , Hansen C. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Because climate has the greatest effect in determining the genetic structure of forest tree species, climatic variables with large effects on growth and survival need to be identified. This would enable proper matching of tree populations to planting sites in the present and future climates. We analysed 24-year survival (S24), height (H24) and diameter (D24) from a series of white spruce provenance trials with 46 populations and 8 test sites in Alberta, Canada. We determined: (1) the amount and pattern of genetic variation, (2) the response of populations to climatic transfer and (3) the potential effects of climate change (2030-2039) on H24 and S24 of the species in Alberta. We found that: (1) using the intraclass correlation, the between-population genetic variance was 10.6% (H24) and 6.6% (D24) of the betweenpopulation phenotypic variance across sites, (2) three climatic white spruce regions exist in Alberta within which variation in growth potential is strongly clinal, (3) the annual moisture index (AMI) expressed as a ratio of degree days above 5°C (GDD) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) was the major determinant of survival and growth at the test sites, (4) we found that at the level of AMI predicted for the 2030-2039 period, survival and growth would decline substantially in the continental part (northern and central) of Alberta where drought already exists. However, during the same period, survival and growth would increase substantially in the foothills and Rocky Mountains region where growth is currently limited by low GDD due to a short growing season.