bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Give it to us straight (most of the time): Top managers’ use of concrete language and its effect on investor reactions
Authors: Pan Lingling , McNamara Gerry , Lee Jennifer J. , Haleblian Jerayr (John) , Devers Cynthia E. 
Published: November 2017

Research Summary: Building on the communications and linguistics literatures, we explore the language attributes managers use in interactions with investors and the subsequent reactions of investors. Specifically, we hypothesize that top managers’ use of concrete language attributes in communication with investors broadly associates with positive investor reactions. We further posit that this relationship will be moderated by the level of firm risk. Our results support our hypotheses and, thus, offer important insights to the impression management literature. First, subtle elements of managerial communication can have significant impression management consequences. More specifically, language concreteness is a key language attribute that generally induces positive investor responses. Finally, the effectiveness of language concreteness is conditional on the informational environment of the firm.
Managerial Summary: How can managers communicate in a way that presents the firm more positively or reduces the negativity associated with perceived firm risks? Our findings indicate that choosing appropriate persuasive language features in interactions with investors can help a firm manage its impressions. Specifically, we find that top managers’ use of concrete language that provides details and specific information in communication with investors, in general, garners positive investor reactions. Further, the effectiveness of top managers’ use of concrete language depends on investor concerns. More specifically, we find that when a firm is seen as having a riskier profile, using concrete language helps induce a more positive investor response; while when a firm is seen as low risk, using abstract language may be more beneficial.
How to measure size of tubal ectopic pregnancy on ultrasound
Authors: Rajah K. , Goodhart V. , Zamora K. P. , Amin T. , Jauniaux E. , Jurkovic D. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify the preoperative ultrasound parameters for assessing the size of tubal ectopic pregnancy that correlate best with findings at surgery.MethodsThis was a prospective study of all women attending our center who had a conclusive transvaginal ultrasound diagnosis of tubal ectopic pregnancy over a 10‐month period. In each case, the total size of the ectopic pregnancy was measured by placing the calipers on the outer edges of the visible trophoblastic tissue. In ectopic pregnancies presenting with a well‐defined gestational sac, the size of the celomic (chorionic) cavity was also measured using the inner borders of the trophoblastic ring as reference points. In women with signs of intra‐abdominal bleeding, the size of the hematosalpinx and/or hemoperitoneum was measured. Surgeons were blinded to the ultrasound measurements and were asked to estimate the size of the ectopic pregnancy and the amount of hemoperitoneum intraoperatively.ResultsA total of 105 women were diagnosed with a tubal ectopic pregnancy on ultrasound examination, of whom 71 (67.6%) were managed surgically. A significant (P < 0.01) positive correlation was found between all ultrasound measurements and the size of the tubal ectopic pregnancy as reported during surgery. In the absence of hematosalpinx, the mean total outer diameter of the ectopic pregnancy had the highest positive correlation with the size of the tubal ectopic pregnancy at surgery (r = 0.65, P < 0.001). In cases complicated by hematosalpinx, the mean diameter of the tube was the only variable that correlated significantly with the estimated size of the ectopic pregnancy at surgery (P < 0.001). There was a significant positive association between the amount of hemoperitoneum on ultrasound and the estimated volume of intraperitoneal blood at surgery (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe mean size of a hematosalpinx and the total outer mean diameter of an ectopic pregnancy on ultrasound correlate better with the surgical findings than does the size of the celomic cavity. Our findings show that the standard approach of measuring the size of an intrauterine pregnancy on ultrasound should be adapted to include these additional measurements in women diagnosed with a tubal ectopic pregnancy. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Potential pollution risks of historic landfills on low‐lying coasts and estuaries
Authors: Brand James H. , Spencer Kate L. , O'shea Francis T. , Lindsay John E. 
Published: November 2017

Historically, it was common practice to dispose of landfill waste in low‐lying estuarine and coastal areas where land had limited value due to flood risk. Such ‘historic landfills’ are frequently unlined with no leachate management and inadequate records of the waste they contain. Globally, there are 100,000s such landfills, for example, in England there are >1200 historic landfills in low‐lying coastal areas with many in close proximity to designated environmental sites or in/near areas influencing bathing water quality; yet, there is a very limited understanding of the environmental risk posed. Hence, coastal managers are more likely to select conservative management policies, for example, hold‐the‐line, when alternative more sustainable policies, for example, managed realignment, may be preferred. Some historic coastal landfills have already started to erode and release waste, and with the anticipated effects of climate change, erosion events are likely to become more frequent. Strategies to mitigate the risk of contaminant release from historic landfills such as excavation and relocation or incineration of waste would be prohibitively expensive for many countries. Therefore, it will be necessary to identify which sites pose the greatest pollution risk in order that resources can be prioritized, and to develop alternative management strategies based on site specific risk. Before such management strategies can be achieved there remain many unknowns to be addressed including the extent of legacy pollution in coastal sediments, impacts of saline flooding on contaminant release and the nature, behavior and environmental impact of solid waste release in the coastal zone. WIREs Water 2018, 5:e1264. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1264This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Multi-Higgs doublet models: physical parametrization, sum rules and unitarity bounds
Authors: Bento Miguel P. , Haber Howard E. , Romão J. C. , Silva João P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIf the scalar sector of the Standard Model is non-minimal, one might expect multiple generations of the hypercharge-1/2 scalar doublet analogous to the generational structure of the fermions. In this work, we examine the structure of a Higgs sector consisting ofNHiggs doublets (whereN≥ 2). It is particularly convenient to work in the so-calledcharged Higgs basis, in which the neutral Higgs vacuum expectation value resides entirely in the first Higgs doublet, and the charged components of remainingN− 1 Higgs doublets are mass-eigenstate fields. We elucidate the interactions of the gauge bosons with the physical Higgs scalars and the Goldstone bosons and show that they are determined by anN× 2Nmatrix. This matrix depends on (N− 1)(2N− 1) real parameters that are associated with the mixing of the neutral Higgs fields in the charged Higgs basis. Among these parameters,N− 1 are unphysical (and can be removed by rephasing the physical charged Higgs fields), and the remaining 2(N− 1)2parameters are physical. We also demonstrate a particularly simple form for the cubic interaction and some of the quartic interactions of the Goldstone bosons with the physical Higgs scalars. These results are applied in the derivation of Higgs coupling sum rules and tree-level unitarity bounds that restrict the size of the quartic scalar couplings. In particular, new applications to three Higgs doublet models with an order-4 CP symmetry and with a$$ {\mathbb{Z}}_3 $$ℤ3symmetry, respectively, are presented.
Imposed drought effects on carbon storage of moso bamboo ecosystem in southeast China: results from a field experiment
Authors: Ge Xiaogai , Zhou Benzhi , Wang Xiaoming , Li Qian , Cao Yonghui , Gu Lianhong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDrought can severely affect carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems through impacts on carbon storage, reduced carbon fixation, abatement of the carbon sink function, and alteration of carbon sink‐source relationships. Currently, little is known about the effects of drought on the productivity and spatial patterns of carbon in bamboo forests. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of imposed drought on the carbon storage and soil carbon dynamics of a bamboo forest ecosystem in subtropical area of China. Drought was imposed via throughfall exclusion in moso bamboo forest from July 2012 to April 2013. Results indicated that bamboo shoots, new culms, shoot height, and diameter at breast height were significantly lower in throughfall exclusion (TE) plots than in control check (CK) plots, with decrease of 64.6, 70.8, 10.6 and 11.3%, respectively. Annual carbon sequestration for TE plots was 58.1% lower than that for CK plots. Soil carbon storage in the 0–60‐cm layer in CK and TE plots decreased by 3.7 and 12.2%, respectively, indicating that drought can decrease soil respiration by altering substrate availability. Ecosystem carbon storage increased by 4.75 t ha−1 in CK plots but decreased by 13.71 t ha−1 in TE plots. Our findings highlight that drought can reduce carbon storage and alter the spatial pattern of carbon in moso bamboo forest ecosystems, particularly when drought occurs during the development bamboo shoot. Our findings should provide a better understanding of carbon sequestration potential and aid determination of how future climate change may impact carbon budgets.
Random expected utility and certainty equivalents: mimicry of probability weighting functions
Authors: Wilcox Nathaniel T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFor simple prospects routinely used for certainty equivalent elicitation, random expected utility preferences imply a conditional expectation function that can mimic deterministic rank-dependent preferences. That is, a subject with random expected utility preferences can have expected certainty equivalents exactly like those predicted by rank-dependent probability weighting functions of the inverse-s shape discussed by Quiggin (J Econ Behav Organ 3:323–343, 1982) and advocated by Tversky and Kahneman (J Risk Uncertainty 5:297–323, 1992), Prelec (Econometrica 66:497–527, 1998) and other scholars. Certainty equivalents may not nonparametrically identify preferences: Their conditional expectation (and critically, their interpretation) depends on assumptions concerning the source of their variability.
Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis Version 2.1: Construction, Observational Verification, and New Results
Authors: Eldridge J. J. , Stanway E. R. , Xiao L. , McClelland L. A. S. , Taylor G. , Ng M. , Greis S. M. L. , Bray J. C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis suite of binary stellar evolution models and synthetic stellar populations provides a framework for the physically motivated analysis of both the integrated light from distant stellar populations and the detailed properties of those nearby. We present a new version 2.1 data release of these models, detailing the methodology by which Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis incorporates binary mass transfer and its effect on stellar evolution pathways, as well as the construction of simple stellar populations. We demonstrate key tests of the latest Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis model suite demonstrating its ability to reproduce the colours and derived properties of resolved stellar populations, including well-constrained eclipsing binaries. We consider observational constraints on the ratio of massive star types and the distribution of stellar remnant masses. We describe the identification of supernova progenitors in our models, and demonstrate a good agreement to the properties of observed progenitors. We also test our models against photometric and spectroscopic observations of unresolved stellar populations, both in the local and distant Universe, finding that binary models provide a self-consistent explanation for observed galaxy properties across a broad redshift range. Finally, we carefully describe the limitations of our models, and areas where we expect to see significant improvement in future versions.
Current Performance and Preliminary Results of a New14C Extraction Line for Meteorites at the University of Bern
Authors: Mészáros Marianna , Leya Ingo , Hofmann Beda A , Szidat Sönke 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHere, we introduce a new radiocarbon (14C) extraction line operating at the University of Bern, which was designed and built for the extraction of in situ14C from meteorites. With this system, we achieved two important developments compared to other systems. First, using the MICADAS gas-interface system,14C can directly be measured from the collected CO2gas, i.e., without graphitization of the sample. Second, meteorite sample masses as low as ~0.05 g can be used for high precision and reproducibility. Prior to extraction in an oxygen atmosphere held at a pressure of ~20–30 mbar in an iridium crucible at 1600°C for 40 min, samples were preheated for 1 h in a constant oxygen flow at 500°C and continuous pumping. Gas purification followed the method described previously (e.g., Hippe et al. 2009). While the blank levels for preheated samples are low (<2×104 14C atoms), the blanks for non-preheated samples are high, therefore those results cannot be used. We also report preliminary results for the L-chondrite JaH 073. The terrestrial age of 17.7±0.4 ka is in good agreement with previous results for the same sample of this meteorite, confirming that the extraction line, the gas purification system, and the AMS measurements are all reliable.
Activity of the Funai Fault and Radiocarbon Age Offsets of Shell and Plant Pairs from the Latest Pleistocene to Holocene Sediments Beneath the Oita Plain, Western Japan
Authors: Nakanishi Toshimichi , Takemura Keiji , Matsuyama Hisanori , Shimoyama Shoichi , Hong Wan , Okuno Mitsuru 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBeppu Bay is located on east-central Kyushu, southwest Japan, and is characterized by hydrothermal activity, tectonic deformation, and recent volcanism under the influence of convergence of the Philippine Sea plate. This area, occupying the western portion of an arc-bisecting dextral fault system, is a tectonic depression that has existed since ca. 5 Ma. Sedimentary facies, mollusk assemblages, and radiocarbon (14C) ages of 25 terrestrial plant fragments and 16 marine carbonate shells from a 70-m drill core were determined to estimate the activity of the Funai Fault, which consists of normal faults along the southern margin of the tectonic basin. Based on the analysis, six sedimentary facies, namely braided river channel, estuary, prodelta, delta front, delta plain, and artificial soil, were identified. The vertical slip rate was calculated as 2.6–2.7 mm/yr based on displacements of the braided river channel sediments of the last glacial period and the base of Kikai-Akayoya tephra in the Holocene highstand sediments of this area. Reservoir ages during 6180–10,410 cal BP were determined from marine shell and terrestrial plant pairs from the sediments of the estuary, prodelta and delta front facies, and were correlated with values from a northern coast of Kyushu and the Korean Peninsula.
THE FEMINIST ORIGINS OF THE MIDLIFE CRISIS
Authors: SCHMIDT SUSANNE 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article tells the history of the midlife crisis, for the first time. Today, the idea of midlife crisis conjures up images of male indulgence and irresponsibility, but it was first successfully promoted as a feminist concept that applied to men and women equally and described the dissolution of gender roles at the onset of middle age. Although the term was coined by the psychologist Elliott Jaques in the 1950s, it only came into general use two decades later with journalist Gail Sheehy's bestselling Passages (1976), as a concept that relied on older understandings of middle age as a welcome ‘release’ from motherhood and domesticity. The feminist origins of the midlife crisis suggest, first, that journalistic publishing can be more significant for the history of an idea than specialists’ theories, even if those precede it. Secondly and more importantly, it sheds new light on Susan Sontag's classic analysis of the ‘double standard of aging’ by making visible how women used the notion of midlife change to undermine gender hierarchies.
THE ROYAL SOCIETY AND THE PREHISTORY OF PEER REVIEW, 1665–1965
Authors: MOXHAM NOAH , FYFE AILEEN 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDespite being coined only in the early 1970s, ‘peer review’ has become a powerful rhetorical concept in modern academic discourse, tasked with ensuring the reliability and reputation of scholarly research. Its origins have commonly been dated to the foundation of the Philosophical Transactions in 1665, or to early learned societies more generally, with little consideration of the intervening historical development. It is clear from our analysis of the Royal Society's editorial practices from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries that the function of refereeing, and the social and intellectual meaning associated with scholarly publication, has historically been quite different from the function and meaning now associated with peer review. Refereeing emerged as part of the social practices associated with arranging the meetings and publications of gentlemanly learned societies in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Such societies had particular needs for processes that, at various times, could create collective editorial responsibility, protect institutional finances, and guard the award of prestige. The mismatch between that context and the world of modern, professional, international science, helps to explain some of the accusations now being levelled against peer review as not being ‘fit for purpose’.
Effect of digested slurry on the dry matter production and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of two genotypes of Zoysia grass
Authors: TOBISA M. , UCHIDA Y. , IWASA S. , TSUKIYAMA T. , ASANO Y. , KIRIMURA M. , SUGIMOTO Y. 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYThe present study investigated the dry matter yield (DMY) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization (internal hyphae, arbuscules, and vesicles) of two genotypes of zoysia grass (Zoysia japonica strain Aso and cv. Asagake) at three rates (10, 20 and 40 g N/m2/year) of application of digested slurry (DS) or mineral fertilizer. Soil chemical properties (available phosphorus concentration, pH and electrical conductivity (EC)) were also measured as factors associated with AM colonization. The fertilizer type (DS v. mineral fertilizer) had an effect on DMY depending on the plant genotypes but had little or no effect on AM colonization, and soil chemical properties, indicating that DS can be used as a substitute for mineral fertilizer; however, it is necessary to apply it taking into account the ratio of inorganic nitrogen (N). However, heavy DS application decreased colonization by internal hyphae. Furthermore, even at the lowest rate, the continuous application of DS decreased colonization by arbuscules and vesicles in both genotypes, which were associated with decreasing soil pH and increasing EC. The results suggest that zoysia grass should be fertilized with DS at a rate of <10 g N/m2/year in order to achieve a continuous association with AM fungi, although this range of N application is sub-optimal for zoysia grass production.
A rare case of extra-nasopharyngeal angiofibroma of the septum in a female child
Authors: Singh G B , Shukla S , Kumari P , Shukla I 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground:Extra-nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a rare but distinct clinical entity, different from juvenile angiofibroma.Methods:This clinical record elucidates the only case of extra-nasopharyngeal angiofibroma arising from the septum in a female child, who presented with epistaxis.Results:The histopathological diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, and the case was managed surgically with no recurrence.Conclusion:In a female paediatric patient presenting with epistaxis, extra-nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (of the inferior turbinate) is a rare albeit important differential diagnosis, as it challenges the hormonal theory of angiofibroma aetiopathogenesis.
Mechanisms of naturally acquired immunity toP. falciparumand approaches to identify merozoite antigen targets
Authors: Healer Julie , Chiu Chris Y. , Hansen Diana S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMalaria is one the most serious infectious diseases with over 200 million clinical cases annually. Most cases of the severe disease are caused byPlasmodium falciparum. The blood stage ofPlasmodiumparasite is entirely responsible for malaria-associated pathology. The population most susceptible to severe malaria are children under the age of 5, with low levels of immunity. It is only after many years of repeated exposure that individuals living in endemic areas develop clinical immunity. This form of protection prevents clinical episodes by substantially reducing parasite burden. Naturally acquired immunity predominantly targets blood-stage parasites with antibody responses being the main mediators of protection. The targets of clinical immunity are the extracellular merozoite and the infected erythrocyte surface, with the extremely diverse PfEMP1 proteins the main target here. This observation provides a strong rationale that an effective anti-malaria vaccine targeting blood-stage parasites is achievable. Thus the identification of antigenic targets of naturally acquired immunity remains an important step towards the formulation of novel vaccine combinations before testing their efficacy in clinical trials. This review summarizes the main findings to date defining antigenic targets present on the extracellular merozoite associated with naturally acquired immunity toP. falciparummalaria.
Characterization of a glycine-rich protein from Rhipicephalus microplus: tissue expression, gene silencing and immune recognition
Authors: Leal B. F. , Alzugaray M. F. , Seixas A. , Da Silva Vaz I. , Ferreira C. A. S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSalivary molecules, as glycine-rich proteins (GRPs), are essential to tick attachment and feeding on the host and are suggested to be involved in the host's immune system evasion, therefore representing natural candidates in the search for protective vaccine antigens. This work shows the molecular characterization of a GRP from Rhipicephalus microplus (RmGRP). The cDNA and putative amino acid sequences were analysed, as well as the transcription level in tick tissues/developmental stages, showing the highest levels of gene expression in 1-day-old larvae and salivary glands of fully engorged females. RmGRP gene silencing resulted in a lower hatching rate of larvae from treated females. In addition, recombinant RmGRP (rRmGRP) was recognized by sera from naturally and experimentally infested bovines, displaying considerable differences among the individuals tested. rRmGRP was recognized by anti-saliva and anti-salivary glands sera, while anti-rRmGRP serum recognized RmGRP in saliva and salivary glands, indicating its secretion into the host. The data collected indicate that RmGRP may present roles other than in the tick–host relationship, especially in embryo development. In addition, the high expression in adult females, antigenicity and presence of shared characteristics with other tick protective GRPs turns RmGRP a potential candidate to compose an anti-tick vaccine cocktail.