bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saltmed Model Performance for Quinoa Irrigated with Fresh and Saline Water in a Mediterranean Environment
Authors: Ince Kaya Çigdem , Yazar Attila 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe SALTMED model performance was evaluated by comparing the simulated and measured soil water content, biomass and grain yield data of quinoa grown in a Mediterranean climate under various irrigation regimes using fresh and saline water of different qualities. The data from a two‐year field study (2010–2012) were used for this purpose. Six different treatments consisted of full irrigation with fresh and saline water with salinity levels of ECw 10, 20 and 30 dS m‐1, and deficit irrigation with fresh water applied at 50 and 75% of full irrigation and rainfed treatment were considered. Quinoa irrigated with saline water of 30 dS m‐1 resulted in significant grain yield reduction in 2010, but slightly reduced with water salinity level ranging from 10 to 30 dS m‐1 in comparison to fresh water in 2012. However, deficit irrigation with fresh water reduced plant dry matter yields considerably. The results of calibration and validation of the model showed that the SALTMED model can simulate soil water content, dry matter and grain yield of quinoa with high accuracy under various watering regimes using fresh and saline water of different qualities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A MEMS‐based heating holder for the direct imaging of simultaneous in‐situ heating and biasing experiments in scanning/transmission electron microscopes
Authors: Mele Luigi , Konings Stan , Dona Pleun , Evertz Francis , Mitterbauer Christoph , Faber Pybe , Schampers Ruud , Jinschek Joerg R. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe introduction of scanning/transmission electron microscopes (S/TEM) with sub‐Angstrom resolution as well as fast and sensitive detection solutions support direct observation of dynamic phenomena in‐situ at the atomic scale. Thereby, in‐situ specimen holders play a crucial role: accurate control of the applied in‐situ stimulus on the nanostructure combined with the overall system stability to assure atomic resolution are paramount for a successful in‐situ S/TEM experiment. For those reasons, MEMS‐based TEM sample holders are becoming one of the preferred choices, also enabling a high precision in measurements of the in‐situ parameter for more reproducible data.A newly developed MEMS‐based microheater is presented in combination with the new NanoEx™‐i/v TEM sample holder. The concept is built on a four‐point probe temperature measurement approach allowing active, accurate local temperature control as well as calorimetry. In this paper, it is shown that it provides high temperature stability up to 1,300°C with a peak temperature of 1,500°C (also working accurately in gaseous environments), high temperature measurement accuracy (<4%) and uniform temperature distribution over the heated specimen area (<1%), enabling not only in‐situ S/TEM imaging experiments, but also elemental mapping at elevated temperatures using energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Moreover, it has the unique capability to enable simultaneous heating and biasing experiments. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:239–250, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Involution dependent changes in distribution and localization of bax, survivin, caspase‐3, and calpain‐1 in the rat endometrium
Authors: Alan Emel , Liman Narin 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe endometrial layer of the uterus is characterized by continuous cycle of cell growth and apoptosis in response to hormonal changes. Apoptosis is regulated by several apoptotic regulators, but their significance in involuting uterus has not been well understood. For that reason, aim of this study was to investigate possible role of apoptosis‐related proteins (bax and survivin) and enzymes (caspase‐3 and calpain‐1) in the involuting uterus of the rat, using immunohistochemistry. Our results indicated cytoplasmic and nuclear immunostaining for bax, caspase‐3, calpain‐1 and survivin proteins were found in the endometrial epithelium and stromal cells such as fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophages, and blood vessels; however, calpain‐1 immunoreactivity in the endometrial fibroblast was quite weak or absent. Supranuclear punctate bax immunolabelling was also observed in the endometrial fibroblasts and luminal and glandular epithelial cells from days 1st and 3rd following parturition, respectively. Although survivin was localized in the apical cytoplasm underneath the apical membrane of the luminal epithelium on the 1st and 3rd days, it was also localized in the apicolateral membrane and basal cytoplasm on the 10th and 15th days of involution. Immunostainigs demonstrated that expression patterns of all examined proteins varied with structural changes in the luminal epithelium, and number of immunopositive fibroblasts for bax, caspase‐3 and survivin increased with advance of postpartum days and reached a maximum on postpartum days 10 and 15. These results suggest that the process of postpartum involution of endometrium may be regulated by apoptotic and non‐apoptotic activity of bax, caspase‐3, calpain‐1, and survivin. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:285–297, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Thermoset–Graphene Nanocomposites
Authors: Saleem Haleema , Edathil Anjali , Ncube Thamsanqa , Pokhrel Jeewan , Khoori Sara , Abraham Akhil , Mittal Vikas 
Published: January 2016

Graphene has resulted in significant research effort to generate polymer nanocomposites with improved mechanical, thermal as electrical properties as compared to pure polymers. A large number of studies have been undertaken using different graphene derivatives, filler loadings, synthesis methods, and so on to obtain optimum filler dispersion as well as filler–matrix interactions, which are crucial for achieving significant enhancement in the properties, especially at low filler fraction. This review summarizes the mechanical and thermal properties of numerous studies carried out for the property enhancements of commercially relevant thermosetting materials such as epoxy, polyurethane, natural rubber, melamine formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, silicones, vinyl ester, cyanate ester, and unsaturated polyester resin.
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Effect of levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel on dyskinesia in advanced Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Antonini Angelo , Fung Victor S. C. , Boyd James T. , Slevin John T. , Hall Coleen , Chatamra Krai , Eaton Susan , Benesh Janet A. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the effect of levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (carbidopa‐levodopa enteral suspension) in advanced Parkinson's disease patients with troublesome dyskinesia.MethodsPost hoc analyses of patient data from a 12‐week, randomized, double‐blind study and a 54‐week open‐label study were performed. Efficacy was assessed in the subgroup of patients defined by ≥1 hour of “on” time with troublesome dyskinesia at baseline as recorded in Parkinson's disease symptom diaries (double blind: n = 11 levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel, n = 12 oral levodopa‐carbidopa; open label: n = 144 levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel). The changes in “off” time, “on” time with and without troublesome dyskinesia, and the overall safety and tolerability of levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel were analyzed.ResultsAlthough not significantly different from oral levodopa treatment (P > .05) in the double‐blind study, levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel treatment resulted in a reduction from baseline in “on” time with troublesome dyskinesia (mean [standard deviation] hours: baseline = 3.1 [1.7], change from baseline to final = −1.8 [1.8], P = .014), increase in “on” time without troublesome dyskinesia (baseline = 7.4 [2.2], change = 4.4 [3.6], P = .004), and decrease in “off” time (baseline = 5.5 [1.3], change = −2.7 [2.8], P = .015). Similar trends were found in the open‐label study. An increase in levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel dose was not significantly correlated with increased “on” time with troublesome dyskinesia in either study (double blind: r = −.073, P = .842; open label: r = −0.001, P = .992). Adverse events were usually mild to moderate in severity and related to the gastrointestinal procedure.ConclusionOur exploratory analyses suggest that optimizing levodopa delivery with levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel may reduce troublesome dyskinesia in advanced Parkinson's disease. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) suppresses prostate cancer cell invasion epigenetically through regulating microRNA‐194
Authors: Zhang Chengyue , Shu Limin , Kim Hyuck , Khor Tin Oo , Wu Renyi , Li Wenji , Kong Ah‐Ng Tony 
Published: January 2016

ScopeTumor metastasis greatly contributes to the mortality of prostate cancer. The glucosinolate‐derived phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) has been widely documented to reduce the risk of prostate cancer by modulating multiple biologically relevant processes. Emerging evidence suggests that PEITC may exert its anti‐cancer effects through epigenetic mechanisms including microRNAs. Altered levels of miRNA have been linked to tumor malignancy due to their capacity to regulate functional gene expression in carcinogenesis. Here, we assessed the effects of PEITC on miRNA expression which is related to PCa cell invasiveness.Methods and resultsUtilizing oligonucleotide microarray first identified the most affected miRNAs in LNCaP cells after PEITC treatment. Several top altered miRNAs were further validated using quantitative PCR. Interestingly, overexpression of miR‐194 suppressed PC3 cell invasion in matrigel‐coated Transwell chambers. Bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) was shown to be a direct target of miR‐194. Downregulation of BMP1 by miR‐194 or PEITC led to decreased expression of key oncogenic matrix metalloproteinases, MMP2 and MMP9. This in turn resulted in the suppression of tumor invasion.ConclusionOur results indicate that miR‐194 downregulates the expression of oncogenic MMP2 and MMP9 by targeting BMP1, which suggests a potential new mechanistic target by which PEITC suppresses prostate cancer cell invasiveness.
Reducing complexity of algebraic multigrid by aggregation
Authors: Gratton Serge , Hénon Pascal , Jiránek Pavel , Vasseur Xavier 
Published: January 2016

SummaryA typical approach to decrease computational costs and memory requirements of classical algebraic multigrid methods is to replace a conservative coarsening algorithm and short‐distance interpolation on a fixed number of fine levels by an aggressive coarsening with a long‐distance interpolation. Although the quality of the resulting algebraic multigrid grid preconditioner often deteriorates in terms of convergence rates and iteration counts of the preconditioned iterative solver, the overall performance can improve substantially. We investigate here, as an alternative, a possibility to replace the classical aggressive coarsening by aggregation, which is motivated by the fact that the convergence of aggregation methods can be independent of the problem size provided that the number of levels is fixed. The relative simplicity of aggregation can lead to improved solution and setup costs. The numerical experiments show the relevance of the proposed combination on both academic and benchmark problems in reservoir simulation from oil industry. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Membrane dynamics associated with viral infection
Authors: de Armas‐Rillo Laura , Valera María‐Soledad , Marrero‐Hernández Sara , Valenzuela‐Fernández Agustín 
Published: January 2016

SummaryViral replication and spreading are fundamental events in the viral life cycle, accounting for the assembly and egression of nascent virions, events that are directly associated with viral pathogenesis in target hosts. These processes occur in cellular compartments that are modified by specialized viral proteins, causing a rearrangement of different cell membranes in infected cells and affecting the ER, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, vesicles and endosomes, as well as processes such as autophagic membrane flux. In fact, the activation or inhibition of membrane trafficking and other related activities are fundamental to ensure the adequate replication and spreading of certain viruses. In this review, data will be presented that support the key role of membrane dynamics in the viral cycle, especially in terms of the assembly, egression and infection processes. By defining how viruses orchestrate these events it will be possible to understand how they successfully complete their route of infection, establishing viral pathogenesis and provoking disease. © 2015 The Authors Reviews in Medical Virology Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning to Feel Like a Scientist
Authors: JABER LAMA Z. , HAMMER DAVID 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThere is increased attention in the science education community on the importance of engaging students in the practices of science. However, there is much to be learned abouthowstudents enter into and sustain their engagement in these practices. In this paper, we argue thatepistemic affect—feelings and emotions experienced within science, such as the excitement of having a new idea or irritation at an inconsistency—is part of what instigates and stabilizes disciplinary engagement. We first discuss affect as evident in accounts of professionals; we then show its emergence and role in 2 case studies of elementary school students. In the end, we argue that epistemic affect is part of thesubstancethat students should learn in science, and we discuss implications for research and instruction.
Ethnic Dimensions of Guatemala’s Stalled Transition: A Parity-Specific Analysis ofLadinoand Indigenous Fertility Regimes
Authors: Grace Kathryn , Sweeney Stuart 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn some contemporary populations, fertility levels appear to plateau, with women maintaining a consistently high level of fertility for a relatively extended period. Because this plateau does not reflect the historical patterns observed in Europe, the focus of most studies on fertility patterns, mechanisms underlying the plateau and the reinstatement of a decline have not been fully explored and are not fully understood. Through the construction of fertility histories of 25,000 women using multiple years of health survey data, we analyze some of the components of stalled fertility as they pertain to Guatemala, the only Central American country to have experienced a stalled fertility decline.
Genetic counselors’ scope of practice and challenges in genetic counseling services in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Balobaid Ameera , Qari Alya , Al-Zaidan Hamad 
Published: January 2016

Genetic counseling is an evolving field in Saudi Arabia. In 2015, genetic counseling was recognized as a Master's program by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties. Our genetic counselors combine their knowledge of genetics, counseling theory and interpersonal communication to serve Saudi and non-Saudi patients affected with a range of genetic conditions and/or birth defects. Most patients are referred to the clinic from different clinics at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) and outside of KFSHRC for various indications. Carrier testing and preventative reproduction options rank highly on the reasons for referral to our clinics.The Saudi population has unique customs and beliefs, such as consanguinity and the evil eye. Challenges that are routinely encountered in our genetic counseling clinics include, but are not limited to, preventative reproductive options and termination of pregnancy, manifesting carriers, stigmatization of women and approaches to complex molecular findings. Working with families from different backgrounds and beliefs undoubtedly requires professionals with a distinctive set of skills and a structured clinical setting. This review article presents the scope of genetic counseling practice and tackles some of the challenges faced in providing genetic counseling in Saudi Arabia.
The Geography of Mental Health and General Wellness in Galveston Bay After Hurricane Ike: A Spatial Epidemiologic Study With Longitudinal Data
Authors: Gruebner Oliver , Lowe Sarah R. , Tracy Melissa , Cerdá Magdalena , Joshi Spruha , Norris Fran H. , Galea Sandro 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo demonstrate a spatial epidemiologic approach that could be used in the aftermath of disasters to (1) detect spatial clusters and (2) explore geographic heterogeneity in predictors for mental health and general wellness.MethodsWe used a cohort study of Hurricane Ike survivors (n=508) to assess the spatial distribution of postdisaster mental health wellness (most likely resilience trajectory for posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTSS] and depression) and general wellness (most likely resilience trajectory for PTSS, depression, functional impairment, and days of poor health) in Galveston, Texas. We applied the spatial scan statistic (SaTScan) and geographically weighted regression.ResultsWe found spatial clusters of high likelihood wellness in areas north of Texas City and spatial concentrations of low likelihood wellness in Galveston Island. Geographic variation was found in predictors of wellness, showing increasing associations with both forms of wellness the closer respondents were located to Galveston City in Galveston Island.ConclusionsPredictors for postdisaster wellness may manifest differently across geographic space with concentrations of lower likelihood wellness and increased associations with predictors in areas of higher exposure. Our approach could be used to inform geographically targeted interventions to promote mental health and general wellness in disaster-affected communities. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:261–273)
Weak mixing for locally compact quantum groups
Authors: VISELTER AMI 
Published: January 2016

We generalize the notion of weakly mixing unitary representations to locally compact quantum groups, introducing suitable extensions of all standard characterizations of weak mixing to this setting. These results are used to complement the non-commutative Jacobs–de Leeuw–Glicksberg splitting theorem of Runde and the author [Ergodic theory for quantum semigroups. J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) 89(3) (2014), 941–959]. Furthermore, a relation between mixing and weak mixing of state-preserving actions of discrete quantum groups and the properties of certain inclusions of von Neumann algebras, which is known for discrete groups, is demonstrated.
Symbolic dynamics on amenable groups: the entropy of generic shifts
Authors: FRISCH JOSHUA , TAMUZ OMER 
Published: January 2016

Let$G$be a finitely generated amenable group. We study the space of shifts on$G$over a given finite alphabet $A$. We show that the zero entropy shifts are generic in this space, and that, more generally, the shifts of entropy$c$are generic in the space of shifts with entropy at least $c$. The same is shown to hold for the space of transitive shifts and for the space of weakly mixing shifts. As applications of this result, we show that, for every entropy value$c\in [0,\log |A|]$, there is a weakly mixing subshift of$A^{G}$with entropy $c$. We also show that the set of strongly irreducible shifts does not form a$G_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}$in the space of shifts, and that all non-trivial, strongly irreducible shifts are non-isolated points in this space.
Negative Tuberculin Skin Test and Prediction of Reversion of QuantiFERON Interferon Gamma Release Assay in US Healthcare Workers
Authors: Thanassi Wendy , Noda Art , Hernandez Beatriz , Friedman Leah , Dorman Susan , Yesavage Jerome 
Published: January 2016

QuantiFERON tuberculosis tests (QFT) reverted in (612) 77% of 1,094 low-risk healthcare workers (HCW) testing less than 1.16 IU/mL. Of HCW testing greater than 1.1 IU/mL, 33 (59%) of 56 with negative tuberculin skin tests (TST) reverted vs 8 (6%) of 125 with positive TSTs. Retesting low-risk QFT-positive and TST-negative HCW is prudent.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.2016;37(4):478–482
Efficacy of an Automated Multiple Emitter Whole-Room Ultraviolet-C Disinfection System Against Coronaviruses MHV and MERS-CoV
Authors: Bedell Kurt , Buchaklian Adam H. , Perlman Stanley 
Published: January 2016

Efficient and automated methods of disinfecting surfaces contaminated with the Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) may prevent the spread of the virus. Here we report the efficacy and use of an automated triple-emitter whole room UV-C disinfection system to inactivate mouse hepatitis virus, strain A59 (MHV-A59) and MERS-CoV viruses on surfaces with a >5 log10 reduction.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:598–599
Radiocarbon Dating and Stable Isotopic Analysis of Insect Chitin from the Rancho La Brea Tar Pits, Southern California
Authors: Holden A R , Southon J R 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper presents the first successful methods for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of asphalt-impregnated insect chitin from the Rancho La Brea Tar Pits in southern California. A persistent problem with stratigraphic correlation at this site is that asphalt flows are characteristically intermittent and are really discontinuous, which can result in mixing fossils of quite different ages. Direct14C dating of specimens circumvents this difficulty but requires a pretreatment method that can produce dates from relatively small samples (<10 mg) of insect cuticle, while successfully removing residual asphalt and sample preparation solvents as well as soil carbon contamination.14C dating accuracy was verified by comparing dates on insect chitin with ages for seeds and twigs compacted during a rapid entrapment event within a separately dated skull of the Western Camel,Camelops hesternusLeidy. All dates fell within a relatively narrow range of ~40,000–44,00014C yr BP, suggesting that such methods can be used with confidence on other insect material from this site. Insects are often superior paleoenvironmental indicators for establishing precise data points for climate fluctuations. This is because their lifecycles and present-day climate-restricted geographic distributions are well documented, and unlike migrating mammals and birds, insects offer crucial information about the local environment. Our results are therefore potentially significant for studies of paleoecological and paleoclimatic change within the Los Angeles Basin and coastal southern California, as well as reconstruction of entrapment events at Rancho La Brea.