bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Ion‐Dependent Green Synthesis of Fmoc‐Amino Acids in Phosphate Buffer
Authors: Singh Virender , Sharma Raj Kumar , Sinha Neeraj , Thakur Ashwani Kumar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHere we show the optimization of Fmoc amino acid conjugation reaction in physiological relevant phosphate buffer using ethanol as a green solvent. Using Phenylalanine as model amino acid, different parameters including water, temperature, stirring, pH, buffer composition, ions and solvents were tested to optimize the product yield. Using the optimized method, Fmoc conjugation of other amino acids and a dipeptide are reported. Important role of buffer ions in the catalyst free Fmoc‐Phenylalanine synthesis and implication of phosphate ions through 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in the product formation have been demonstrated. The characterization of the final products was carried using reverse phase chromatography, mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Optimized method using phosphate buffer and ethanol as green solvent might provide substitute for borate buffer and pave the way for amino acid detection in biological fluids under physiologically relevant and environmental friendly conditions.
A Quick, Efficient and Simple Protocol for Synthesis of Bimetallic Nickel‐Palladium Nanoparticles: Effective Catalyst for Biaryl Synthesis
Authors: Phukan Parmita , Boruah Preeti R. , Gehlot Praveen S. , Kumar Arvind , Bordoloi Ankur , Sarma Diganta 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHerein we report a very simple and an efficient protocol for the synthesis of palladium‐nickel bimetallic nanoparticles. Palladium chloride (PdCl2) has been used as precursor for synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles (Pd Nps). Salting out agent lithium chloride (LiCl) enhanced the reduction rate of Pd (II) and Ni (II) to the corresponding Pd and Ni nanoparticles transformation up to a considerable extent. The methodology adopted resulted nanosized palladium‐nickel bimetallic particles in just a few seconds. The as‐prepared bimetallic nanoparticles were characterized with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (TEM‐EDX), X‐Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP AES) analysis. The catalyst with only 0.3 mol% Pd showed its efficiency in Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction with excellent yield of the desired biaryl products.
Instant Synthesis of White Light‐Emitting Cd Chalcogenide Nanoclusters Using Homogenization Method
Authors: More Priyesh V. , Hiragond Chaitanya B. , Jadhav Aditi , Kush Priya , Sapra Sameer , Khanna Pawan K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article presents the simplest and quickest synthesis method to obtain pure white light emitting CdS and CdSe nanoclusters. Both the CdS and CdSe nanoclusters were prepared by similar methods in less than 5 min at room temperature using a homogenizer. The synthesis procedure was systematically strategized to impart deep traps by the capping agent (3‐mercaptopropionic acid; MPA) and shallow traps due to S/Se‐deficiency. The S/Se‐deficiency was created by both the in‐situ and ex‐situ addition of excess Cd‐source. The as‐prepared cadmium chalcogenides nanoclusters hinted the formation of extremely small sized quantum dots or magic sized nanoclusters and emitted pure white light (chromaticity coordinates; x= 0.3197 or 0.377 & y=0.2612 or 0.3677) with 365 nm irradiation.
Carbohydrates to Cyclitols Using Mn/CrCl3‐Mediated Domino Bernet‐Vasella Reductive Elimination and NHK Reaction
Authors: Kumar Bejugam Santhosh , Naresh Annavareddi , Prabhakar Rao Tadikamalla , Rao Batchu Venkateswara 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA novel, general and efficient approach for the conversion of carbohydrates to cyclitols was developed utilizing Mn/CrCl3 mediated domino Bernet‐Vasella reductive elimination of diiodo precursor of a sugar and NHK reaction to produce four, five and six membered cyclitols. And also, the specific reactivity of Mn/CrCl3 over Zn on diiodo compounds was studied
Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalytic Synthesis of Densely Functionalized 2‐Amino‐4H‐pyrans under Mild Condition in Aqueous Media
Authors: Huang Lu‐Shan , Hu Xin , Yu Ya‐Qin , Xu Da‐Zhen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn highly efficient one‐pot synthesis of functionalized 2‐amino‐4H‐pyrans promoted by a polystyrene‐supported ionic liquid as a green and recyclable catalyst has been successfully developed. This protocol shows excellent versatility, it can be applied to a broad range of carbonyl compounds including isatins and aromatic/aliphatic aldehydes, and various enolizable C−H activated compounds, such as dimedone, cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione, 5‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrazol‐3‐one, 3‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one, 1‐naphthol, 2‐naphthol, resorcinol, 4‐hydroxycoumarin, kojic acid, ethyl acetoacetate, 1,3‐dimethylbarbituric acid, barbutaric acid and thiobarbituric acid. All the reactions afford the desired products in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. This method is operationally simple and the products purified just by crystallization. The catalyst could be recycled five times at least.
Synthesis of Imidazo[5, 1‐a]isoquinoline and Its 3‐Substituted Analogues Including the Fluorescent 3‐(1‐Isoquinolinyl)imidazo[5, 1‐a]isoquinoline
Authors: Bori Jugal , Behera Nibedita , Mahata Satyajit , Manivannan Vadivelu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCompounds having imidazo[5, 1‐a]isoquinoline nucleus have been synthesised. Selenium dioxide oxidation of a mixture of various aldehydes and 1‐isoquinolinemethylamine yielded the respective 3‐substituted imidazo[5, 1‐a]isoquinolines in good yields. When 1‐isoquinolinemethylamine was employed without any aldehyde, 3‐(1‐isoquinolinyl)imidazo[5, 1‐a]isoquinoline (IQ‐1) was isolated. This IQ‐1 is fluorescent and all the compounds were thoroughly characterized. Molecular structures of IQ‐1 and 3‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[5, 1‐a]isoquinoline (IQ‐4) have been confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction technique.
A Novel Approach for P25‐Carbon Dot Composite and the Reactive Oxygen Species Involved in the Visible Light Photocatalytic Mineralization of Rhodamine B
Authors: Mohamed Mukthar Ali S. M. Y. , Sandhya K. Y. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA novel approach has been adapted for making titanium dioxide (P25)‐carbon dot composite (P25/C‐dot) and it exhibits visible light (VL) photocatalytic mineralization property towards rhodamine B (RhB). Carbonization of β‐cyclodextrin (CD) in a self‐assembled P25/β‐cyclodextrin (P25/CD) composite prepared by UV‐irradiation, using P2O5‐water yields P25/C‐dot with chemical linkage between P25 and C‐dot. Photodegradation (PD) of RhB by P25/CD and P25/C‐dot were better (71%) than that of the commercial P25 (49%). Though the PD activity of both the composites was similar, the PD of RhB by P25/C‐dot follows the mineralization pathway while that in the presence of P25/CD undergoes via decolouration. Further scavenging studies reveal that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are the dominant reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the PD of RhB by P25/C‐dot while it is superoxide anion radical (O2•−) and singlet oxygen (1O2) for P25/CD, suggesting that •OH can promote mineralization of the RhB. Our study suggests that C‐dot has a role in the formation of •OH during PD reaction, catalytically or not.
Concise Synthesis of the Phosphoglycerylated Tetrasaccharide Repeating Unit of the Capsular Polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 11 A
Authors: Si Anshupriya , Misra Anup Kumar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA concise convergent synthetic strategy has been developed for the first synthesis of the glycerol phosphate‐containing tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of S. pneumoniae 11 A strain in very good yield. A stereoselective [2+2] block glycosylation strategy has been adopted for the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide derivative. All glycosylations were highly stereoselective with satisfactory yield.
Bacterial RNAP Inhibitors: Synthesis and Evaluation of Prodrugs of Aryl‐ureidothiophene‐carboxylic acids
Authors: Ruthenbeck Alexandra , Elgaher Walid A. M. , Haupenthal Jörg , Hartmann Rolf W. , Meier Chris 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecently, aryl‐ureidothiophene carboxylates were shown to inhibit the RNA polymerase and reduce the growth of Gram positive bacteria. We now aimed to extend the efficacy spectrum and address presumed permeation deficiencies of these agents by applying different prodrug‐approaches. Chemical syntheses yielded 12 prodrugs of three different categories featuring neutral, cationic and FeIII ‐coordinating properties. Their promising characteristics regarding stabilities, enzyme‐activation and iron coordination performance encouraged their study in growth inhibition assays of different Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. These studies pointed to a positively charged, choline‐like motif being beneficial for these compounds especially for Gram‐negative bacterial cell growth inhibition.
Facile Fabrication of Pt‐Ru Nanoparticles Immobilized on Reduced Graphene Oxide Support for the Electrooxidation of Methanol and Ethanol
Authors: Raghavendra P. , Reddy Gajulapalli Vishwakshan , Sivasubramanian Ramanathan , Chandana Panchangam Sri , Sarma Loka Subramanyam 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study demonstrates a convenient methodology for the decoration of Pt−Ru nanoparticles (with various morphologies like Pt‐on‐Ru and Ru‐on‐Pt) on graphene sheets. The structure, composition and morphological features of the synthesized electrocatalysts were assessed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). TEM analysis revealed that the Pt−Ru nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on graphene sheets with a narrow size particle distribution. The corresponding morphology‐dependent activity of electrocatalysts towards two important anodic reactions relevant to fuel cell applications like methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) were systematically studied by CV. The results showed that Pt‐on‐Ru/RGO electrocatalysts exhibited higher catalytic activity and better stability compared to Ru‐on‐Pt/RGO, Pt/RGO and commercial Pt−Ru/C catalysts towards both MOR and EOR. Furthermore, the simple synthetic strategy demonstrated here can be extended to other bimetallic systems with improved properties for fuel cell reactions.
Rare Supramolecular Assemblies of a Dicopper(II)‐tetracarboxylate Stabilized by (Methanol)6, Dimethyl Sulfoxide and 4,4′‐Azobipyridyl Bridges
Authors: Vishnoi Pratap , Kaleeswaran Dhananjayan , Murugavel Ramaswamy 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTwo new supramolecular assemblies formed by [Cu2(Hdiphba)4] (H2diphba=4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐di‐iso‐propylbenzoic acid) in protic and aprotic solvents have been investigated. Methanol gives rise a 3D hydrogen‐bonded network comprised of [Cu2(Hdiphba)4] and extremely rare twisted‐boat methanol cyclohexamer synthons. While, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an aprotic solvent, gives a 2D assembly in which DMSO bridges [Cu2(Hdiphba)4] units to form 1D rectangular channels, entrapping guest DMSO arranged in a zig‐zag chain. The solvent molecules could be replaced with neutral N,N’‐donor linkers to form 1D coordination polymers.
2‐Formylarylsulfonate from Aryne: A Sequential Reaction Strategy for Direct Synthesis of ortho‐Hydroxyl‐Protected Aryl Aldehydes
Authors: Sharma Abhilash , Gogoi Pranjal 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA novel transition‐metal free synthetic strategy has been developed for the direct synthesis of 2‐formylarylsulphonate from aryne precursor. The reaction proceeds via CO and C−C bond cleavage as well as C−O,C−C and O−S bond formations in a single reaction vessel. The methodology provides good yield of 2‐formylarylsulphonates and tolerates variety of functional groups. The strategy opens a new avenue for the direct synthesis of ortho‐hydroxyl‐protected aryl aldehydes in organic synthesis.
The rise of internal fertilization in the Anablepidae (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes): two new genera and species from the Miocene of Tucumán, Argentina
Authors: Sferco Emilia , Herbst Rafael , Aguilera Gastón , Mirande J. Marcos 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTwo new genera and species of Cyprinodontiformes from the Miocene of Tucumán, Argentina, are described: Tucmanableps cionei and Sachajenynsia pacha. Both exhibit sexual dimorphism, indicated by the modification of the male anal fin into an intromittent organ; tricuspid teeth in the jaws; abdominal pelvic fins and other features that demonstrate a relationship with the family Anablepidae. Males of Sachajenynsia pacha gen. et sp. nov. present modifications of the anal fin, herein interpreted as an incipient gonopodium, whereas the anal fin of Tucmanableps cionei gen. et sp. nov. is modified into a complex gonopodium with a median distal plate, which is unique among the Anablepidae. In extant genera of the family, modification of the anal fin into an intromittent organ is related to internal fertilization; this condition is inferred for S. pacha but was clearly the reproductive mode of T. cionei. In our phylogenetic analysis, S. pacha is recovered as the sister group of all anablepids with evident internal fertilization, while T. cionei forms a clade with Anableps species. The occurrence of two new anablepid genera showing distinct and unique morphologies suggests that the fossil diversity of the Anablepidae may be higher than the extant one. Also, the new taxa were found in open lake deposits with coastal and inner lake sediments of the Río Salí Formation associated with the Miocene Entrerrian–Paranense Marine Ingression, supporting the idea that coastal environments and brackish waters are related to the generic diversification of the Anablepidae, as was suggested for the species of Jenynsia.
Complexities of Racial Identity Development for Asian Pacific Islander Desi American (APIDA) College Students
Authors: Chan Jason 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHigher education research increasingly acknowledges the multiple identities and communities within the Asian Pacific Islander Desi American (APIDA) student population. This chapter explores the complex and multifaceted aspects of APIDA students and offers key considerations for student affairs practitioners working with today's APIDA student population.
RNA versatility, flexibility, and thermostability for practice in RNA nanotechnology and biomedical applications
Authors: Haque Farzin , Pi Fengmei , Zhao Zhengyi , Gu Shanqing , Hu Haibo , Yu Hang , Guo Peixuan 
Published: December 2017

In recent years, RNA has attracted widespread attention as a unique biomaterial with distinct biophysical properties for designing sophisticated architectures in the nanometer scale. RNA is much more versatile in structure and function with higher thermodynamic stability compared to its nucleic acid counterpart DNA. Larger RNA molecules can be viewed as a modular structure built from a combination of many ‘Lego’ building blocks connected via different linker sequences. By exploiting the diversity of RNA motifs and flexibility of structure, varieties of RNA architectures can be fabricated with precise control of shape, size, and stoichiometry. Many structural motifs have been discovered and characterized over the years and the crystal structures of many of these motifs are available for nanoparticle construction. For example, using the flexibility and versatility of RNA structure, RNA triangles, squares, pentagons, and hexagons can be constructed from phi29 pRNA three‐way‐junction (3WJ) building block. This review will focus on 2D RNA triangles, squares, and hexamers; 3D and 4D structures built from basic RNA building blocks; and their prospective applications in vivo as imaging or therapeutic agents via specific delivery and targeting. Methods for intracellular cloning and expression of RNA molecules and the in vivo assembly of RNA nanoparticles will also be reviewed. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1452. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1452This article is categorized under:

RNA Methods > RNA Nanotechnology
RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Cover Image, Volume 9, Issue 1
Authors: Niessing Dierk , Jansen Ralf‐Peter , Pohlmann Thomas , Feldbrügge Michael 
Published: December 2017

The cover image, by Dierk Niessing et al., is based on the Focus Article mRNA transport in fungal top models, DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1453. Image Credit: CEPLAS ‐ Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences
image
Customized software to streamline routine analyses for wildlife management
Authors: Nowak J. Joshua , Lukacs Paul M. , Hurley Mark A. , Lindbloom Andrew J. , Robling Kevin A. , Gude Justin A. , Robinson Hugh 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIt is widely recognized that modern computer software makes wildlife management and research easier and allows increasingly complex tasks to become routine. Unfortunately, data storage and reporting rarely keep pace with the rapid expansion of data analysis software. Such disconnects in workflow can lead to missed opportunities where data are not used fully and new information is slow to emerge. We present a server‐based software system, PopR (https://popr.cfc.umt.edu), which merges wildlife management agency databases with state‐of‐the‐art statistical software for real‐time wildlife data analysis, population modeling, and reporting. The interface to PopR is a secure website allowing access from any location with internet access and from any platform (personal computer, smartphone, tablet, etc.). PopR connects to remote data sources through an application program interface. PopR implements Bayesian integrated population models combining multiple data sources. PopR also implements individual data source analyses such as survival, sightability, herd composition, and harvest, among other data sources. Finally, PopR generates reports and figures for rapid dissemination and incorporation of results into decision processes. PopR presents a seamless workflow from data to analysis to reporting. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Generalised Scherk-Schwarz reductions from gauged supergravity
Authors: Inverso Gianluca 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A procedure is described to construct generalised Scherk-Schwarz uplifts of gauged supergravities. The internal manifold, fluxes, and consistent truncation Ansatz are all derived from the embedding tensor of the lower-dimensional theory. We first describe the procedure to construct generalised Leibniz parallelisable spaces where the vector components of the frame are embedded in the adjoint representation of the gauge group, as specified by the embedding tensor. This allows us to recover the generalised Scherk-Schwarz reductions known in the literature and to prove a no-go result for the uplift of ω-deformed SO(p, q) gauged maximal supergravities. We then extend the construction to arbitrary generalised Leibniz parallelisable spaces, which turn out to be torus fibrations over manifolds in the class above.
Environmental factors affecting benthic invertebrate assemblages on sandy shores along the Japan Sea coast: implications for coastal biogeography
Authors: Takada Yoshitake , Kajihara Naoto , Sawada Hideki , Mochizuki Shota , Murakami Takuhiko 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAssemblages of sandy shores are primarily structured by physical environment factors. This structuring provides a unique opportunity to evaluate biogeographic regions. In this study, the shallow subtidal zone (0.2–1.2 m) of 39 sites of sandy shores along the Japan Sea coast of Honshu were surveyed using a sledge net to identify invertebrate assemblages and to elucidate their relationships with environmental factors and geographic distributions. In total, 78 taxonomic units were obtained and six clusters of assemblage were recognized according to the Morisita‐Horn dissimilarity index values between the assemblages of these sites. Indicator taxonomic units were identified for the clusters and a distance‐based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) demonstrated that a set of five environmental factors (slope angle of the swash zone, sediment grain size, average wave fetch, spring sea surface temperature, and summer Chlorophyll‐aconcentration) significantly explained variations of the assemblages. Geographical distributions of two of the clusters were localized and mutually exclusive (one in the north and one in the south), while the other four clusters were scattered along the coast. On the dbRDA ordination, these two clusters were plotted on opposite ends of the 1st axis on which spring sea surface temperature and summer Chlorophyll‐aconcentration showed high contributions. The spatial gap between the two clusters was located in an area between the Noto Peninsula and the Sado Island, central Honshu, which can be proposed as a boundary of geographic regions of sandy shore organisms along the Japan Sea coast.
Passive wireless measurement of tension for overhead transmission line based on surface transverse wave
Authors: Ji Xiaojun , Fan Yanping , Xiao Qiang , Cai Ping 
Published: December 2017

This study presents a passive wireless surface transverse wave (STW) torsion sensor for an overhead transmission line (OHTL). Two key techniques, namely the design of STW sensing element and clamping structure, were investigated. The relationship between the tension and the frequency shift of the STW resonator was analysed. A numerical analysis on the tension sensitivity and temperature coefficient using different cut types was performed. Results showed that Y  − 51° cut quartz, which has a close to zero temperature coefficient of frequency, is a suitable substrate of the STW tension sensors. Other parameters were optimised to obtain a resonator with a Q value of >11,000. Two STW resonators were adopted as sensing element to form a differential structure to reduce the temperature interference. An OHTL clamping and tension transfer mechanical structure was designed, which has an ability of adjusting the tension sensitivity and can be easily installed at any point of OHTL. Moreover, the OHTL tension measurement system was set up and evaluated. Experimental results indicated that the STW tension sensitivity was 24.31 kHz/kN, the non‐linearity was 0.26%, and the repeatability error was 0.32%. The OHTL tension measurement method is feasible for practical application.
Hybrid full‐bridge converter for DC microgrids: analysis and implementation
Authors: Lin Bor‐Ren 
Published: December 2017

This study presents a soft‐switching converter for direct current microgrid applications. The studied converter includes n cells of the hybrid full‐bridge converter with primary‐series–secondary‐parallel connection for high‐voltage input and large current output applications. Thus, the voltage stress of power switches and the current stress of rectifier diodes are decreased. Therefore, the low‐voltage stress and low conduction resistance of power metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors are utilised in the studied converter to reduce conduction losses on power switches. The flying capacitors are connected between each circuit cell to prevent voltage unbalance on input split capacitors. On each circuit cell, a full‐bridge converter with an additional half‐bridge circuit is employed to achieve low circulating current losses, less output inductance and a wide range of zero‐voltage switching. Finally, the studied converter with 1800 W rated power is constructed and tested to verify the theoretical analysis.