bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A family of genus‐specific RNAs in tandem with DNA‐binding proteins control expression of the badA major virulence factor gene in Bartonella henselae
Authors: Tu Nhan , Carroll Ronan K. , Weiss Andy , Shaw Lindsey N. , Nicolas Gael , Thomas Sarah , Lima Amorce , Okaro Udoka , Anderson Burt 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBartonella henselae is a gram‐negative zoonotic bacterium that causes infections in humans including endocarditis and bacillary angiomatosis. B. henselae has been shown to grow as large aggregates and form biofilms in vitro. The aggregative growth and the angiogenic host response requires the trimeric autotransporter adhesin BadA. We examined the transcriptome of the Houston‐1 strain of B. henselae using RNA‐seq revealing nine novel, highly‐expressed intergenic transcripts (Bartonella regulatory transcript, Brt1‐9). The Brt family of RNAs is unique to the genus Bartonella and ranges from 194 to 203 nucleotides with high homology and stable predicted secondary structures. Immediately downstream of each of the nine RNA genes is a helix‐turn‐helix DNA‐binding protein (transcriptional regulatory protein, Trp1‐9) that is poorly transcribed under the growth conditions used for RNA‐seq. Using knockdown or overexpressing strains, we show a role of both the Brt1 and Trp1 in the regulation of badA and also in biofilm formation. Based on these data, we hypothesize that Brt1 is a trans‐acting sRNA that also serves as a cis‐acting riboswitch to control the expression of badA. This family of RNAs together with the downstream Trp DNA‐binding proteins represents a novel coordinated regulatory circuit controlling expression of virulence‐associated genes in the bartonellae.
Motivation, treatment engagement and psychosocial outcomes in outpatients with severe mental illness: a test of Self‐Determination Theory
Authors: Jochems Eline C. , Duivenvoorden Hugo J. , van Dam Arno , van der Feltz‐Cornelis Christina M. , Mulder Cornelis L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCurrently, it is unclear whether Self‐Determination Theory (SDT) applies to the mental health care of patients with severe mental illness (SMI). Therefore, the current study tested the process model of SDT in a sample of outpatients with SMI. Participants were 294 adult outpatients with a primary diagnosis of a psychotic disorder or a personality disorder and their clinicians (n = 57). Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesized relationships between autonomy support, perceived competence, types of motivation, treatment engagement, psychosocial functioning and quality of life at two time points and across the two diagnostic groups. The expected relations among the SDT variables were found, but additional direct paths between perceived competence and clinical outcomes were needed to obtain good model fit. The obtained process model was found to be stable across time and different diagnostic patient groups, and was able to explain 18% to 36% of variance in treatment engagement, psychosocial functioning and quality of life. It is concluded that SDT can be a useful basis for interventions in the mental health care for outpatients with SMI. Additional experimental research is needed to confirm the causality of the relations between the SDT constructs and their ability to influence treatment outcomes.
Psychosis risk screening: Validation of the youth psychosis at‐risk questionnaire – brief in a community‐derived sample of adolescents
Authors: Fonseca‐Pedrero Eduardo , Ortuño‐Sierra Javier , Chocarro Edurne , Inchausti Felix , Debbané Martin , Bobes Julio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThere have been several attempts to identify individuals potentially at high risk for psychotic‐spectrum disorders using brief screening measures. However, relatively few studies have tested the psychometric properties of the psychosis screening measures in representative samples of adolescents. The main purpose of the present study was to analyse the prevalence, factorial structure, measurement invariance across gender, and reliability of the Youth Psychosis At‐Risk Questionnaire – Brief (YPARQ‐B) in a community‐derived sample of adolescents. Additionally, the relationship between YPARQ‐B, depressive symptoms, psychopathology, stress manifestations, and prosocial skills was analysed. One thousand and twenty students from high schools participated in a cross‐sectional survey. The YPARQ‐B, the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Student Stress Inventory – Stress Manifestations were used. A total of 85.1% of the total sample self‐reported at least one subclinical psychotic experience. We observed a total of 10.9% of adolescents with a cutoff score of ≥11 or 6.8% with a cutoff score of ≥13. The analysis of internal structure of the YPARQ‐B yielded an essentially unidimensional structure. The YPARQ‐B scores showed measurement invariance across gender. The internal consistency of the YPARQ‐B total score was 0.94. Furthermore, self‐reported subclinical psychotic experiences were associated with depressive symptoms, emotional and behavioural problems, poor prosocial skills, and stress manifestations. These results would appear to indicate that YPARQ‐B is a brief and easy tool to assess self‐reported subclinical psychotic experiences in adolescents from the general population. The assessment of these experiences in community settings, and its associations with psychopathology, may help us to enhance the possibility of an early identification of adolescents potentially at risk for psychosis and mental health problems.
Repeatability of magnetic resonance fingerprinting T1 and T2 estimates assessed using the ISMRM/NIST MRI system phantom
Authors: Jiang Yun , Ma Dan , Keenan Kathryn E. , Stupic Karl F. , Gulani Vikas , Griswold Mark A. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate accuracy and repeatability of T1 and T2 estimates of a MR fingerprinting (MRF) method using the ISMRM/NIST MRI system phantom.MethodsThe ISMRM/NIST MRI system phantom contains multiple compartments with standardized T1, T2, and proton density values. Conventional inversion‐recovery spin echo and spin echo methods were used to characterize the T1 and T2 values in the phantom. The phantom was scanned using the MRF‐FISP method over 34 consecutive days. The mean T1 and T2 values were compared with the values from the spin echo methods. The repeatability was characterized as the coefficient of variation of the measurements over 34 days.ResultsT1 and T2 values from MRF‐FISP over 34 days showed a strong linear correlation with the measurements from the spin echo methods (R2 = 0.999 for T1; R2 = 0.996 for T2). The MRF estimates over the wide ranges of T1 and T2 values have less than 5% variation, except for the shortest T2 relaxation times where the method still maintains less than 8% variation.ConclusionMRF measurements of T1 and T2 are highly repeatable over time and across wide ranges of T1 and T2 values. Magn Reson Med 78:1452–1457, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Diffusion tensor spectroscopic imaging of the human brain in children and adults
Authors: Fotso Kevin , Dager Stephen R. , Landow Alec , Ackley Elena , Myers Orrin , Dixon Mindy , Shaw Dennis , Corrigan Neva M. , Posse Stefan 
Published: October 2016

PurposeWe developed diffusion tensor spectroscopic imaging (DTSI), based on proton‐echo‐planar‐spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI), and evaluated the feasibility of mapping brain metabolite diffusion in adults and children.MethodsPRESS prelocalized DTSI at 3 Tesla (T) was performed using navigator‐based correction of movement‐related phase errors and cardiac gating with compensation for repetition time (TR) related variability in T1 saturation. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of total N‐acetyl‐aspartate (tNAA), total creatine (tCr), and total choline (tCho) were measured in eight adults (17–60 years) and 10 children (3–24 months) using bmax = 1734 s/mm2, 1 cc and 4.5 cc voxel sizes, with nominal scan times of 17 min and 8:24 min. Residual movement–related phase encoding ghosting (PEG) was used as a regressor across scans to correct overestimation of MD.ResultsAfter correction for PEG, metabolite slice‐averaged MD estimated at 20% PEG were lower (P < 0.042) for adults (0.17/0.20/0.18 × 10−3 mm2/s) than for children (0.26/0.27/0.24 × 10−3 mm2/s). Extrapolated to 0% PEG, the MD estimates decreased further (0.09/0.11/0.11 × 10−3 mm2/s versus 0.15/0.16/0.15 × 10−3 mm2/s). Slice‐averaged FA of tNAA (P = 0.049), tCr (P = 0.067), and tCho (P = 0.003) were higher in children.ConclusionThis high‐speed DTSI approach with PEG regression allows for estimation of metabolite MD and FA with improved tolerance to movement. Our preliminary data suggesting age‐related changes support DTSI as a sensitive technique for investigating intracellular markers of biological processes. Magn Reson Med 78:1246–1256, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Macrocyclic paramagnetic agents for MRI: Determinants of relaxivity and strategies for their improvement
Authors: Fringuello Mingo Alberto , Colombo Serra Sonia , Baroni Simona , Cabella Claudia , Napolitano Roberta , Hawala Ivan , Carnovale Irene Maria , Lattuada Luciano , Tedoldi Fabio , Aime Silvio 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo dissect the contributions to the longitudinal relaxivity (r1) of two commercial contrast agents (CAs), Gd‐DOTA and Gd‐HP‐DO3A, and to synthesize/characterize a novel macrocyclic agent (Gd‐Phen‐DO3A) having superior r1.MethodsLongitudinal relaxation rates R1 of the CAs in saline with/without human serum albumin (HSA), ionized simulated body fluid (i‐SBF), viscous simulated body fluid (v‐SBF), and human plasma were measured. Results have been interpreted to evince the main determinants to the observed r1 values.ResultsIn v‐SBF or in the presence of HSA, r1 is enhanced for all complexes, reflecting the viscosity increase and a weak interaction with proteins. The CAs further differentiate in plasma, with a relaxivity increase (versus saline) of approximately 1, 1.5, and 2.5 mM−1s−1 for Gd‐DOTA, Gd‐HPDO3A, and Gd‐Phen‐DO3A, respectively. R1 versus pH curves in i‐SBF indicates that prototropic exchange sizably contributes to the relaxivity of Gd‐HP‐DO3A and Gd‐Phen‐DO3A.ConclusionThe major contributions to r1 in the physiological environment have been highlighted, namely, increased viscosity, complex‐protein interaction, and prototropic exchange. The control of these terms allows the design of novel macrocyclic structures with enhanced r1 as a result of an improved interaction with plasma's macromolecules and the shift of the prototropic exchange to physiological pH. Magn Reson Med 78:1523–1532, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Identification of Polyketides in the Cuticular Waxes of Triticum aestivum cv. Bethlehem
Authors: Racovita Radu C. , Jetter Reinhard 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCuticular waxes are complex mixtures consisting mostly of very‐long‐chain aliphatics with single, primary functional groups. However, the waxes of many plant species also include aliphatics with one or more functional groups residing on subterminal or mid‐chain carbons. In the present work, the cuticular wax mixtures from flag leaf blades and peduncles of Triticum aestivum cv. Bethlehem were analyzed in a search for novel wax constituents with in‐chain functionalities, potentially of polyketide origin. The structures of compounds belonging to six different compound classes were elucidated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of various derivatives. Among them, a series of 2,4‐ketols was identified, with odd carbon numbers ranging from C25 to C37 and peaking at C33. The analogous C33 2,4‐diketone was identified as well, together with a pair of co‐eluting C31 mid‐chain β‐ketol isomers (16‐hydroxyhentriacontan‐14‐one and 14‐hydroxyhentriacontan‐16‐one), a pair of co‐eluting C30 mid‐chain α‐ketol isomers (15‐hydroxytriacontan‐14‐one and 14‐hydroxytriacontan‐15‐one), the corresponding C30 14,15‐diketone, and a pair of co‐eluting C31 ketones (hentriacontan‐14‐one and hentriacontan‐16‐one). All newly discovered structures contain ketone functional groups, with similar C13H27 and C15H31 alkyl chains on either side of the functionalities, thus resembling the previously reported very‐long‐chain β‐diketones dominating the wheat wax mixtures. Based on these structural characteristics, possible biosynthetic pathways leading to the newly identified polyketide‐like compounds are proposed.
Recommendations for CSF AD biomarkers in the diagnostic evaluation of dementia
Authors: Simonsen Anja Hviid , Herukka Sanna-Kaisa , Andreasen Niels , Baldeiras Ines , Bjerke Maria , Blennow Kaj , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Gabryelewicz Tomasz , Galluzzi Samantha , Handels Ron , Kramberger Milica G. , Kulczyńska Agnieszka , Molinuevo Jose Luis , Mroczko Barbara , Nordberg Agneta , Oliveira Catarina Resende , Otto Markus , Rinne Juha O. , Rot Uroš , Saka Esen , Soininen Hilkka , Struyfs Hanne , Suardi Silvia , Visser Pieter Jelle , Winblad Bengt , Zetterberg Henrik , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article presents recommendations, based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method, for the clinical application of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid‐β1–42, tau, and phosphorylated tau in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with dementia. The recommendations were developed by a multidisciplinary working group based on the available evidence and consensus from focused discussions for (i) identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the cause of dementia, (ii) prediction of rate of decline, (iii) cost‐effectiveness, and (iv) interpretation of results. The working group found sufficient evidence to support a recommendation to use CSF AD biomarkers as a supplement to clinical evaluation, particularly in uncertain and atypical cases, to identify or exclude AD as the cause of dementia. Because of insufficient evidence, it was uncertain whether CSF AD biomarkers outperform imaging biomarkers. Operational recommendations for the interpretation of ambiguous CSF biomarker results were also provided.
Recommendations for cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in the diagnostic evaluation of mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Herukka Sanna-Kaisa , Simonsen Anja Hviid , Andreasen Niels , Baldeiras Ines , Bjerke Maria , Blennow Kaj , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Gabryelewicz Tomasz , Galluzzi Samantha , Handels Ron , Kramberger Milica G. , Kulczyńska Agnieszka , Molinuevo Jose Luis , Mroczko Barbara , Nordberg Agneta , Oliveira Catarina Resende , Otto Markus , Rinne Juha O. , Rot Uroš , Saka Esen , Soininen Hilkka , Struyfs Hanne , Suardi Silvia , Visser Pieter Jelle , Winblad Bengt , Zetterberg Henrik , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article presents recommendations, based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method, for the clinical application of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid‐β1–42, tau, and phosphorylated tau in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The recommendations were developed by a multidisciplinary working group and based on the available evidence and consensus from focused group discussions for 1) prediction of clinical progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, 2) cost‐effectiveness, 3) interpretation of results, and 4) patient counseling. The working group recommended using CSF AD biomarkers in the diagnostic workup of MCI patients, after prebiomarker counseling, as an add‐on to clinical evaluation to predict functional decline or conversion to AD dementia and to guide disease management. Because of insufficient evidence, it was uncertain whether CSF AD biomarkers outperform imaging biomarkers. Furthermore, the working group provided recommendations for interpretation of ambiguous CSF biomarker results and for pre‐ and post‐biomarker counseling.
Why Yellow Fever Isn't Flattering: A Case Against Racial Fetishes
Authors: ZHENG ROBIN 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT:Most discussions of racial fetish center on the question of whether it is caused by negative racial stereotypes. In this paper I adopt a different strategy, one that begins with the experiences of those targeted by racial fetish rather than those who possess it; that is, I shift focus away from the origins of racial fetishes to their effects as a social phenomenon in a racially stratified world. I examine the case of preferences for Asian women, also known as ‘yellow fever’, to argue against the claim that racial fetishes are unobjectionable if they are merely based on personal or aesthetic preference rather than racial stereotypes. I contend that even if this were so, yellow fever would still be morally objectionable because of the disproportionate psychological burdens it places on Asian and Asian-American women, along with the role it plays in a pernicious system of racial social meanings.
Revisiting the Early Modern Philosophical Canon
Authors: SHAPIRO LISA 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT:I reflect critically on the early modern philosophical canon in light of the entrenchment and homogeneity of the lineup of seven core figures: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant. After distinguishing three elements of a philosophical canon—a causal story, a set of core philosophical questions, and a set of distinctively philosophical works—I argue that recent efforts contextualizing the history of philosophy within the history of science subtly shift the central philosophical questions and allow for a greater range of figures to be philosophically central. However, the history of science is but one context in which to situate philosophical works. Looking at the historical context of seventeenth-century philosophy of mind, one that weaves together questions of consciousness, rationality, and education, does more than shift the central questions—it brings new ones to light. It also shows that a range of genres can be properly philosophical and seamlessly diversifies the central philosophers of the period.
Influence of Loosely-Bonded Sandwiched Initially Stressed Visco-Elastic Layer on Torsional Wave Propagation
Authors: Singh A. K. , Parween Z. , Das A. , Chattopadhyay A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAssumption that the common interfaces of the media are perfectly bonded may not be always true. Situation may arise that composition of the two medium may be responsible for weakening the contact between them. So, it becomes obligatory to consider a loosely bonded interface in such cases which may affect the propagation of elastic waves through them. This paper thrashes out the propagation of torsional surface wave in an initially stressed visco-elastic layer sandwiched between upper and lower initially stressed dry-sandy Gibson half-spaces, theoretically. Both the upper and lower dry-sandy Gibson half-spaces are considered to be loosely-bonded with the sandwiched layer. Mathematical model is proposed and solution in terms of Whittaker's and Bessel's function is obtained. Velocity equation is obtained in closed form, its real part deals with the dispersion phenomenon whereas its imaginary part provides the damping characteristics. Influence of heterogeneities, sandiness, gravity parameters, initial-stresses, loose-bonding and internal-friction on the phase and damped velocities of torsional wave are computed numerically and depicted graphically. Deduced dispersion equation and damped velocity equation matches with classical Love-wave equation and vanishes identically for the isotropic case respectively.
Bioavailability ofn-3 fatty acids fromn-3-enriched foods and fish oil with different oxidative quality in healthy human subjects: a randomised single-meal cross-over study
Authors: Ottestad Inger , Nordvi Berit , Vogt Gjermund , Holck Marianne , Halvorsen Bente , Brønner Kirsti W. , Retterstøl Kjetil , Holven Kirsten B. , Nilsson Astrid , Ulven Stine M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRegular consumption of long-chainn-3 fatty acids (LCn-3 FA) reduces postprandial triacylglycerolaemia. Functional foods and supplements are alternative sources of LCn-3 FA; however, emulsification technologies, food matrices and altered lipid oxidation levels affect their bioavailability. Moreover, which functional foods are optimal LCn-3 FA carriers is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the bioavailability of LCn-3 FA and the postprandial TAG response after the intake of oxidised or non-oxidised cod liver oil and after the intake of emulsified or non-emulsified LCn-3 FA using novel functional food items as LCn-3 FA carriers in a randomised cross-over acute study. A total of twenty-four healthy subjects completed the study in which subjects consumed one of four different test meals containing 1·5 g LCn-3 FA, or a control meal with no LCn-3 FA. Postprandial TAG-rich lipoproteins were isolated and their fatty acid composition was measured. The LCn-3 FA from emulsified foods were more rapidly incorporated into TAG-rich lipoproteins compared with non-emulsified foods. The incorporation of LCn-3 FA was similar for oils emulsified in yogurt or juice and was unaffected by the oxidative status of the oil. Postprandial TAG levels did not differ among the various test meals. In conclusion, emulsification increases the bioavailability of LCn-3 FA through a more rapid incorporation into TAG-rich lipoproteins, and juice and yogurt are equally suited as LCn-3 FA carriers. The acute intake of oxidised cod liver oil does not influence the incorporation of LCn-3 FA into TAG-rich lipoproteins.
Infant formula containing galacto-and fructo-oligosaccharides andBifidobacterium breveM-16V supports adequate growth and tolerance in healthy infants in a randomised, controlled, double-blind, prospective, multicentre study
Authors: Abrahamse-Berkeveld M. , Alles M. , Franke-Beckmann E. , Helm K. , Knecht R. , Köllges R. , Sandner B. , Knol J. , Ben Amor K. , Bufe A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth and tolerance in healthy, term infants consuming a synbiotic formula with daily weight gain as the primary outcome. In a randomised, controlled, double-blind, multicentre, intervention study infants were assigned to an extensively hydrolysed formula containing a specific combination ofBifidobacterium breveM-16V and a prebiotic mixture (short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides in a 9:1 ratio; scGOS/lcFOS; synbiotic group), or the same formula without this synbiotic concept for 13 weeks (control group). Anthropometry, formula intake, tolerance, stool characteristics, blood parameters, faecal microbiota and metabolic faecal profile were assessed. Medically confirmed adverse events were recorded throughout the study. Equivalence in daily weight gain was demonstrated for the intention-to-treat (ITT) population (n211). In the per-protocol (PP) population (n102), the 90 % CI of the difference in daily weight gain slightly crossed the lower equivalence margin. During the intervention period, the mean weight-for-age and length-for-age values were close to the median of the WHO growth standards in both groups, indicating adequate growth. The number of adverse events was not different between both groups. No relevant differences were observed in blood parameters indicative for liver and renal function. At 13 weeks, an increased percentage of faecal bifidobacteria (60v. 48 %) and a reduced percentage ofClostridium lituseburense/C. histolyticum(0·2v. 2·6 %) were observed in the synbiotic group (n19) compared with the control group (n27). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that an extensively hydrolysed formula withB. breveM-16V and the prebiotic mixture scGOS/lcFOS (9:1) supports an adequate infant growth.