bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Travail cognitif, communication et gouvernance des relations de travail par les règles. Éléments d’analyse pour une « économie politique de la relation »
Authors: Dieuaide Patrick 
Published: August 2016

Le présent article s’interroge sur les perspectives ouvertes par le programme de recherche développé dans le cadre de la revue Nouvelles Perspectives en Sciences Sociales autour d’une « sociologie de la relation ». Mutatis mutandis, nous nous proposons de réfléchir à quelques propositions qui pourraient aider à cerner les contours de ce que l’on pourrait dénommer une « économie politique de la relation ». Pour ce faire, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à la place et au rôle de la communication dans les relations de travail dans les entreprises. Deux pistes de réflexion sont explorées : une première piste développe la notion de « travail cognitif » et souligne la diversité des modèles relationnels par lesquels la communication rend possible le rassemblement d’individus autour d’une vision partagée de l’organisation et de l’activité de travail. Cette réflexion conduit à caractériser la communication comme une activité productive de règles d’usage au fondement d’un agir collectif. Une seconde piste examine la question plus générale de la place et du rôle des règles dans la gouvernance des relations de travail au sein des entreprises. Les débats autour des dimensions implicite et explicite et des écarts entre la règle et son interprétation sont rappelés; de même l’opposition entre la dimension publique des règles développées au coeur des relations de travail et la dimension privée du contrôle et de son application par le management. Ces réflexions conduisent à proposer une approche élargie de la communication considérée comme le vecteur d’une relation d’ordre dans les savoirs et les apprentissages mobilisés dans le travail. L’article conclut brièvement les tensions que soulève cette forme de communication entre la liberté de jugement et d’action et les contraintes imposées aux niveaux de l’organisation et de la mise en oeuvre de l’activité de travail.
Quelle logique pour la complexité?
Authors: Duplan Yves Jamont JR 
Published: August 2016

Nous qualifions d’orthodoxe tout type de logique qui repose entièrement sur l’axiomatique aristotélicienne, dite identitaire, et sur le principe de bivalence. Les logiques orthodoxes donnent lieu à un mode de raisonner analytique qui refuse la contradiction et dans lequel tout concept se distingue strictement et discrètement de tout autre concept.Une manière de raisonner qui se veut une alternative à l’analytique est la dialectique. Celle-ci admet la contradiction comme principe fondamental. Dans le sillage de la dialectique, on trouve des systèmes logiques qui intègrent la contradiction, mais ont la particularité d’adopter le principe d’identité. Ce sont les logiques néo-orthodoxes formées de l’ensemble des logiques dites affaiblies, non triviales et paraconsistantes.Eu égard aux phénomènes perçus complexes évoluant dans le temps et dans l’espace, nous remettons en question le caractère strictement absolu de l’identité et acceptons la contradiction comme forme particulière de la différenciation. Nous proposons trois principes de base pour établir une logique de la complexité : les principes d’idemité, de différentialité et de relationnalité. Ils n’excluent pas l’axiomatique aristotélicienne, mais reconnaissent sa pertinence seulement à un certain niveau d’abstraction. De plus, nous esquissons un modèle de différenciation des propositions ou énoncés en fonction de leurs valeurs de vérité.
Au sein du foyer : une analyse relationnelle des interactions entre les membres d’une famille
Authors: Jalbert Paul 
Published: August 2016

Le débat sur les théories de l’action et la modélisation relationnelle quant à sa capacité à comprendre les interactions entre individus est encore animé. Malgré les nombreux travaux scientifiques déjà réalisés qui démontrent que les théories de l’action ne sont pas de bons outils pour comprendre les interactions et que la modélisation relationnelle leur est supérieure, la notion d’un acteur intéressé guidé par son intention persiste. Cependant, la vérification en milieu naturel n’a pas encore eu lieu. Un travail de recherche a été effectué pour répondre à cette critique. Une saisie audiovisuelle a eu lieu auprès de cinq familles canadiennes au cours d’une semaine dans leur foyer. L’analyse de ces données montre que dans seulement 13,1 % des propos on a pu repérer une intention. Dans 9,3 % des propos, cette intention émerge de la dynamique en cours alors que dans seulement 3,8 % des propos observe-t-on que l’intention précède l’échange. Dans 2,3 % des propos, nous observons une non-intégration de l’information avec le discours qui a lieu et cette statistique diminue à 0,4 % des propos lorsqu’une nouvelle information entre en jeu. Ces résultats démontrent clairement que l’intention n’est pas le facteur absolu d’explication des interactions entre les membres d’une famille captées en milieu naturel, ce qui est conforme aux recherches antérieures.
Anthropocentrisme et sciences de l’humain
Authors: Laflamme Simon 
Published: August 2016

Le postulat d’un acteur rationnel, autonome, conscient, intentionnel et intéressé a maintes fois été dénoncé, notamment par les approches relationnelles. Les critiques ont rappelé l’importance de l’inconscient et de l’émotion dans la psyché humaine, l’impossibilité de comprendre l’action humaine en dehors d’un rapport aux structures sociales, le caractère illégitime d’une subjectivité qui délibère de façon monadique. À elles seules, ces critiques auraient dû évacuer depuis longtemps l’axiomatique rationalisante. Pourtant, cette axiomatique ne perd rien de sa vigueur; elle continue à dominer les modélisations en sciences humaines. La question se pose de savoir comment elle fait pour s’éterniser. Il faut bien qu’elle justifie son existence.
Dans un travail récent, nous avons repéré sept manières par lesquelles les spécialistes des sciences humaines parviennent à légitimer cette axiomatique, qui est au mieux une demi-vérité (NPSS, 2015). Or, aucune de ces justifications ne représente réellement une réponse à la critique relationnelle. Et si l’on peut relever ces justifications et montrer qu’elles n’en sont pas réellement, c’est forcément qu’il y a quelque chose de sécurisant pour les spécialistes des sciences humaines à rester sourds à ces démonstrations.
Notre intention, dans ce texte, est de mettre en évidence cet aspect sécurisant des modélisations rationalisantes et ce qu’il y a de terrifiant dans les autres, qu’il s’agisse de celles qui n’ont pas d’acteur rationnel ou de celles qui ne se fondent pas sur l’acteur en lui-même. Nous montrons que les sciences humaines sont attachées à un anthropocentrisme qui nuit à leur aptitude à produire de l’abstraction, que cet anthropocentrisme est beaucoup plus un idéalisme que le résultat d’une analyse, ce qui accentue la difficulté à générer des abstractions opérationnalisables, et même à donner cours à un relationalisme empirique dans lequel les échanges ne seraient pas que les rapports entre les acteurs sociaux. Nous montrons en outre que l’anthropocentrisme agit comme obstacle au relationalisme dès lors que cette approche veut s’élever dans l’ordre de l’abstraction pour générer de la science de l’humain.
Effects of active region design on gain and carrier injection and transport of CW

semipolar InGaN laser diodes
Authors: Becerra Daniel L. , Cohen Daniel A. , Farrell Robert M. , DenBaars Steven P. , Nakamura Shuji 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
High-power CW semipolar

laser diodes (LDs) were studied. Improved efficiencies (threshold, differential, and wall plug) were observed when the number of quantum wells (QWs) in the active region was reduced from 4 to 2. Threshold current densities as low as 2.6 kA/cm2 were obtained. The differential efficiency of a 5 µm wide by 1200 µm long LD with a 2-QW active region was 54% and the wall plug efficiency was 11%. Experimental and analytical analyses of the devices suggested carrier leakage from an ineffective electron-blocking layer, providing an explanation for the high voltage observed in all the devices.
Is Ultrasonography More Sensitive Than Computed Tomography for Identifying Calcifications in Thyroid Nodules?
Authors: Li Jia-wei , Chang Cai , Chen Min , Zeng Wei , Gao Yi , Zhou Shi-chong , Wang Fen , Hu Na , Chen Ya-ling 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the difference and agreement between ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) for identifying calcifications in thyroid nodules.MethodsData from the medical records of 20,248 patients were reviewed for preoperative diagnostic investigations and postoperative pathologic diagnoses. In total, 5247 records were selected for analysis based on the presence of calcifications reported in any of the following 3 modes: US, CT, and pathologic analysis. All 5247 patients underwent US examinations, whereas 3827 underwent cervical CT examinations. All patients had a postoperative pathologic diagnosis serving as a reference. The value of US for identification of calcifications and prediction of malignancy was analyzed on the basis of the entire cohort of 5247 records, whereas that of CT was based on 3827 records. The agreement between US and CT was analyzed on the basis of the 3827 common records.ResultsOf the 5247 patients who underwent US, 4855 (92.5%) were found to have calcifications, whereas of the 3827 patients who underwent CT, 2040 (53.3%) were found to have calcifications (P < .0005). Among the 404 cases with calcifications reported by pathologic analysis, the agreement rate between US and pathologic findings was significantly higher than that between CT and pathologic findings (87.9% versus 81.9%, respectively; P = .018).ConclusionsUS is more sensitive and accurate than CT for detecting calcifications in thyroid nodules. Hence, US is recommended as the preferred imaging modality for calcification detection in thyroid nodules.
Ultrasound‐Guided Ureteral Stent Removal in Women
Authors: Gadzhiev Nariman , Brovkin Sergei , Grigoryev Vladislav , Dmitriev Vladimir , Korol Valeriy , Shkarupa Dmitry , Pisarev Aleksei , Tagirov Nair , Malkhasyan Vigen , Semeniakin Igor , Khromov-Borisov Nikita , Petrov Sergei 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to develop a fast, comfortable, and safe method of ureteral stent removal in women.MethodsFrom February 2014 to July 2015, a retrospective multicenter controlled study including 82 female outpatients was conducted. The control group was composed of 46 patients who underwent stent removal using a 22F cystoscope. The experimental group was composed of 36 patients who underwent stent removal under ultrasound guidance with a 15F spiral‐ending device. Exclusion criteria were pelvic organ prolapse quantification stage II or higher and complicated stents (with migration or encrustation).ResultsAll studied patients had successful ureteral stent removal. No complications were seen in both groups. Differences between mean visual analog pain scale scores and stent removal durations were statistically significant in favor of the experimental group (P = .0077 and .0075, respectively).ConclusionsThe proposed method for ureteral stent removal in women under ultrasound guidance was shown to be faster and to have lower visual analog pain scale scores, in comparison with removal by a cystoscope, which makes it an attractive option for outpatient urologic praxis in uncomplicated cases, and because it is free of the risk of ionizing radiation and more comfortable, it can be used in pregnant patients.
Color Doppler Imaging of the Appendix
Authors: Xu Yingding , Jeffrey R. Brooke , Shin Lewis K. , DiMaio Michael A. , Olcott Eric W. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that continuous intramural vascular signal measuring at least 3 mm on color Doppler imaging is highly specific for appendicitis in patients with diagnostically borderline‐size appendices.MethodsTwo blinded observers independently reviewed color Doppler images of the appendix in 94 consecutive patients who had undergone sonography for suspected appendicitis and whose appendices were of diagnostically borderline size (6–8 mm maximum outer diameter). Intramural vascular flow on color Doppler images was classified as absent, type 1 (only punctate and dispersed signal), or type 2 (continuous linear or curvilinear signal measuring at least 3.0 mm in long‐ or short‐axis views). Histopathologic examination and clinical follow‐up served as reference standards. Proportions were assessed by the exact binomial test.ResultsOf the 94 patients, 33 (35.1%) had type 1 flow (of whom 5 [15.2%] had appendicitis); 23 (24.5%) had type 2 flow (of whom 20 [87.0%] had appendicitis); and 38 (40.4%) had absent flow (of whom 10 [26.3%] had appendicitis). The sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio of type 2 flow as an indicator of appendicitis were 57.1%, 94.9%, and 24.9 (P< .001), respectively; the corresponding values for type 1 flow as an indicator of normal appendices were and 47.5%, 85.7%, and 5.4 (P = .002).ConclusionsContinuous intramural linear or curvilinear signal measuring at least 3 mm on color Doppler imaging is a highly specific, although relatively insensitive, sign of acute appendicitis in noncompressible appendices of diagnostically borderline size (6–8 mm).
A Patient-Centered Perspective on Changes in Personal Characteristics After Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Merner Amanda R. , Frazier Thomas W. , Ford Paul J. , Lapin Brittany , Wilt Joshua , Racine Eric , Gase Natalie , Leslie Essence , Machado Andre , Vitek Jerrold L. , Kubu Cynthia S. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceDeep brain stimulation (DBS) results in improvements in motor function and quality of life in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), which might impact a patient’s perception of valued personal characteristics. Prior studies investigating whether DBS causes unwanted changes to oneself or one’s personality have methodological limitations that should be addressed.ObjectiveTo determine whether DBS is associated with changes in characteristics that patients with PD identify as personally meaningful.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study assessed changes in visual analog scale (VAS) ratings reflecting the extent to which patients with PD manifested individually identified personal characteristics before and 6 and 12 months after DBS at a large academic medical center from February 21, 2018, to December 9, 2021. The VAS findings were tailored to reflect the top 3 individually identified personal characteristics the patient most feared losing. The VASs were scored from 0 to 10, with 0 representing the least and 10 the most extreme manifestation of the trait. Change scores were examined at the individual level. Content analysis was used to code the qualitative data. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed from January 12, 2019 (initial qualitative coding), to December 15, 2023.ExposureDeep brain stimulation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome variable was the mean VAS score for the top 3 personal characteristics. The secondary outcome was the incidence of meaningful changes on the patients’ top 3 characteristics at the individual level.ResultsFifty-two of 54 dyads of patients with PD and their care partners (96.3%) were recruited from a consecutive series approved for DBS (36 patients [69.2%] were male and 45 care partners [86.5%] were female; mean [SD] age of patients, 61.98 [8.55] years). Two patients and 1 care partner were lost to follow-up. Increases in the mean VAS score (indicative of greater manifestation of [ie, positive changes in] specific characteristics) were apparent following DBS for ratings of both the patients (Wald χ2 = 16.104; P &amp;lt; .001) and care partners (Wald χ2 = 6.746; P &amp;lt; .001) over time. The slopes of the changes for both the patient and care partners were correlated, indicating agreement in observed changes over time. The individual level analyses indicated that scores for most patients and care partners remained the same or increased.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, participants reported greater (more positive) manifestations of individually identified, valued characteristics after DBS. These findings may be relevant to informing decision-making for patients with advanced PD who are considering DBS.
Structural Basis of Ion Transport in Copper‐Transporting P
IB
‐Type ATPases
Authors: Bågenholm Viktoria , Gourdon Pontus 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Maintaining correct copper levels is vital for all cells, as copper is required for a large number of cellular processes, but is also toxic due to its high reactivity. Such regulation is accomplished using a range of processes, including the P
IB‐1
‐subgroup of P‐type ATPases. These primary active transporters exploit ATP to shuttle copper across cellular membranes, either out of the cell or into various organelles for cellular use, such as incorporation into copper‐dependent proteins. The pumping of copper across the membrane follows a conserved scheme, called the Post‐Albers cycle, where the protein cycles through a series of states, from inward‐open (E1) to inward‐occluded (E1P), outward‐open (E2P), and outward‐occluded (E2) and back, coupled to phosphorylation by ATP and dephosphorylation. This is established via a conserved core consisting of three soluble A‐, P‐, and N‐domains, and a transmembrane domain formed by eight membrane‐spanning helices, MA, MB, and M1–M6, as well as a varying number of metal‐binding domains MBDs, which typically are part of the N‐terminus. Copper is delivered to the P
IB‐1
‐transporter from small molecule or protein copper chaperones inside the cytoplasm, likely assisted by an MBD. The metal is then transferred to a methionine of M1 at the membrane interface, which relocates it to two conserved cysteines of the CPC motif in M4. Next, one or two high‐affinity‐binding sites are established in the M‐domain, again utilizing cysteines and methionines. Finally, release is achieved via an outward‐facing exit tunnel lined by methionines. While much of this pathway has been elucidated through determined molecular structures, important questions remain, for example, regarding the number of high‐affinity‐binding sites and the roles of the MBDs. Here, the structural details of the transport of copper through P
IB‐1
‐type ATPases will be described.
miR‐133b as a potential regulator of a synaptic NPTX2 protein in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Han Sang‐Won , Park Young Ho , Bice Paula J , Bennett David A. , Kim SangYun , Saykin Andrew J. , Nho Kwangsik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA synaptic protein, Neuronal Pentraxin 2 (NPTX2), has emerged as a pivotal biomarker for Alzheimer's dementia (AD). We identified candidate miRNAs targeting NPTX2 and performed association and mediation analyses using multi‐omics data (N = 702). Among 44 candidate miRNAs, miR‐133b was significantly associated with AD and Braak positivity. Higher miR‐133b expression was also associated with higher NPTX2 gene expression and better cognition. Mediation analysis showed that miR‐133b partially influences AD and cognition through the NPTX2 protein. Our integrated approach suggests a potential role of miR‐133b in synaptic integrity and offers new insights into AD pathogenesis.
2D CrSBr Enables Magnetically Controllable Exciton‐Polaritons in an Open Cavity
Authors: Li Chun , Shen Chao , Jiang Nai , Tang Kwok Kwan , Liu Xinfeng , Guo Jiaqi , Liang Yin , Song Jiepeng , Deng Xinyi , Zhang Qing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
2D van der Waals (vdW) layered materials exhibit significant exciton binding energy and versatile stacking options, making them ideal for room‐temperature exciton‐polariton devices used in low‐threshold lasing, nonlinear optical switching, and quantum computing. However, most existing systems depend on external optical microcavities coupled with single monolayers, leading to limited controllability and increased costs. Here, external cavity‐free vdW magnet CrSBr crystals are presented that feature magnetically controllable self‐hybridized exciton‐polaritons that remain stable up to room temperature. The ultrastrong exciton‐photon coupling suppresses donor‐, phonon‐, and defect‐related emissions. Furthermore, the exciton‐polariton dispersion and emission spectra can be effectively controlled by adjusting the magnetic field, temperature, and CrSBr thickness. This vdW exciton‐polariton material platform, demonstrating remarkable magnetic responsiveness in open cavity configurations under ambient conditions, paves the way for the development of compact, fast, and low‐loss spin, quantum, and magneto‐photonic devices.
Recent Advances in Visible‐Light‐Mediated Synthesis of Phosphorylated Heterocycles
Authors: Zeng Fan‐lin , Jia Zhenhua , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOrganophosphorus compounds, especially phosphorylated heterocycles, are gaining increasing attention in the fields of materials science, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemistry due to their excellent biological activities. Consequently, the exploration of green and efficient methods for the synthesis of phosphorylated heterocycles has garnered significant interest from organic chemists. In recent years, visible light‐induced photoredox‐catalyzed organic synthesis has made substantial progress in the field of phosphorylation reaction since its eco‐friendly and mild conditions. This review summarizes the advances of the past five years in the visible‐light‐mediated synthesis of phosphorylated heterocycles using phosphine oxides as precursors through P‐centered radical addition, cross‐coupling, and cyclization reactions.
Achieving Optimal Health With Host‐Directed Therapies (HDTs) in Infectious Diseases—A New Horizon
Authors: Gholap Amol D. , Khuspe Pankaj R. , Pardeshi Sagar R. , Uddin Md Jasim , Das Ushasi , Hatvate Navnath T. , Rojekar Satish , Giram Prabhanjan , Khalid Mohammad , Choonara Yahya E. , Faiyazuddin Md. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHost‐directed therapies (HDTs) have emerged as a promising strategy to combat viral infections by modifying host factors and immune responses to restrict viral replication and improve patient outcomes. This review summarizes the latest advances and future potential of HDTs in antiviral therapy. With developments in genomics and proteomics, new host targets essential for viral replication have been identified. Gene‐editing tools, such as CRISPR‐Cas9, enable precise manipulation of host genes linked to viral processes, paving the way for innovative HDTs. Emerging approaches, including RNA interference and viral interference, further demonstrate the potential to specifically modify host factors to inhibit viral replication. Additionally, probiotics are being explored for their capacity to enhance immune responses and modulate gut microbiota, offering a natural and safe method for boosting antiviral defenses. Despite these advancements, significant challenges remain, particularly in deciphering complex host–virus interactions and ensuring the safety and efficacy of these therapies. Continued research and clinical evaluation are essential to realize the full potential of HDTs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current HDT strategies, emphasizing their promise in shaping future antiviral interventions.