bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LES DÉTERMINANTS DU TRAVAIL AUTONOME AU QUÉBEC ET AU CANADA (1993-2010)
Authors: FONSECA Raquel , LORD Simon 
Published: June 2017

Cet article analyse les déterminants du travail autonome au Québec et dans le reste du Canada en se concentrant sur les contraintes de liquidité, l’âge et le chômage agrégé. Nous utilisons les données en panel de l’Enquête sur la dynamique du travail et du revenu (EDTR) couvrant la période 1993-2010. Les résultats principaux tirés du modèle avec effets aléatoires sont les suivants : l’effet positif des revenus de placement sur la probabilité d’être travailleur autonome confirme la présence de contraintes financières; être plus âgé accroît la probabilité de choisir le travail autonome, suggérant que ce type d’emploi peut être un tremplin vers la retraite; un chômage élevé diminue la probabilité d’être à son compte ce qui suggère que les facteurs de pull dominent sur les facteurs de push.
Effects of anthropogenic activity emerging as intensified extreme precipitation over China
Authors: Li Huixin , Chen Huopo , Wang Huijun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study aims to provide an assessment of the effects of anthropogenic (ANT) forcings and other external factors on observed increases in extreme precipitation over China from 1961 to 2005. Extreme precipitation is represented by the annual maximum 1 day precipitation (RX1D) and the annual maximum 5 day consecutive precipitation (RX5D), and these variables are investigated using observations and simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5. The analyses mainly focus on the probability‐based index (PI), which is derived from RX1D and RX5D by fitting generalized extreme value distributions. The results indicate that the simulations that include the ANT forcings provide the best representation of the spatial and temporal characteristics of extreme precipitation over China. We use the optimal fingerprint method to obtain the univariate and multivariate fingerprints of the responses to external forcings. The results show that only the ANT forcings are detectable at a 90% confidence level, both individually and when natural forcings are considered simultaneously. The impact of the forcing associated with greenhouse gases (GHGs) is also detectable in RX1D, but its effects cannot be separated from those of combinations of forcings that exclude the GHG forcings in the two‐signal analyses. Besides, the estimated changes of PI, extreme precipitation, and events with a 20 year return period under nonstationary climate states are potentially attributable to ANT or GHG forcings, and the relationships between extreme precipitation and temperature from ANT forcings show agreement with observations.
Variability of soil moisture proxies and hot days across the climate regimes of Australia
Authors: Holmes A. , Rüdiger C. , Mueller B. , Hirschi M. , Tapper N. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe frequency of extreme events such as heat waves are expected to increase due to the effect of climate change, particularly in semiarid regions of Australia. Recent studies have indicated a link between soil moisture deficits and heat extremes, focusing on the coupling between the two. This study investigates the relationship between the number of hot days (Tx90) and four soil moisture proxies (Standardized Precipitation Index, Antecedent Precipitation Index, Mount's Soil Dryness Index, and Keetch‐Byram Drought Index), and how the strength of this relationship changes across various climate regimes within Australia. A strong anticorrelation between Tx90 and each moisture index is found, particularly for tropical savannas and temperate regions. However, the magnitude of the increase in Tx90 with decreasing moisture is strongest in semiarid and arid regions. It is also shown that the Tx90‐soil moisture relationship strengthens during the El Niño phases of El Niño–Southern Oscillation in regions which are more sensitive to changes in soil moisture.
Mesoscale perturbations in midtail lobe/mantle during steady northward IMF: ARTEMIS observation and MHD simulation
Authors: Wang Chih‐Ping , Merkin V. G. , Angelopoulos Vassilis 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study we investigate an event of sharp and transient (≤10 min) plasma and magnetic field perturbations observed by Acceleration Reconnection Turbulence and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) probes in the midtail lobe at X ~ −60 RE. This event occurred under northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and these mesoscale perturbations continued for many hours even as all solar wind and IMF parameters remained steady. The main characteristics of these transient perturbations are as follows: (1) an increase in density and plasma pressure, (2) a drop in Bx, (3) an enhancement in the tailward (−Vx) speed, and (4) tailward propagation. We conduct a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation for this event using the observed solar wind/IMF conditions. In the simulation, Kelvin‐Helmholtz (K‐H) vortices are formed at the near‐Earth flank and are convected tailward. The K‐H vortices have a two‐mode structure with the inner mode extending several RE inside the magnetosphere from the magnetopause. The inner mode vortical flows transport denser mantle plasma from near the magnetopause deeper into the lobe, resulting in localized density and pressure enhancements, while magnetic field changes accordingly with the enhanced flow shear and pressure gradients. As these localized changes pass a fixed location, they create transient perturbations characteristically similar to those observed by ARTEMIS.
Seismotectonics of the 2014 Chiang Rai, Thailand, earthquake sequence
Authors: Pananont P. , Herman M. W. , Pornsopin P. , Furlong K. P. , Habangkaem S. , Waldhauser F. , Wongwai W. , Limpisawad S. , Warnitchai P. , Kosuwan S. , Wechbunthung B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOn 5 May 2014, aMw6.2 strike‐slip earthquake occurred in the Mae Lao region of Chiang Rai province in Thailand. This earthquake took place in a region of known faults and caused substantial damage and injuries, although the region had been previously identified as having a relatively low earthquake hazard. Detailed field reconnaissance and deployment of a dense, temporary, network of broadband seismometers allowed details of the damage and its relationship to seismicity to be analyzed. The aftershock sequence associated with this main shock occurs on two well‐defined trends, reflecting the two potential fault planes in earthquake mechanisms for the main shock and the majority of the aftershocks. The damage area was relatively large for an event of this magnitude, but building damage was largely limited to the primary rupture region, while liquefaction and other ground failure are spatially associated with the rupture area and along regional rivers. Stress modeling, combined with the time series and pattern of aftershock activity, leads us to propose that slip near the northern termination of the main shock rupture continued slightly onto a conjugate fault, helping to trigger the distinct pattern of two discrete, conjugate trends of aftershock activity that mirror the kinematics of the main shock fault mechanism.
Region‐dependent patterns of trabecular bone growth in the human proximal femur: A study of 3D bone microarchitecture from early postnatal to late childhood period
Authors: Milovanovic Petar , Djonic Danijela , Hahn Michael , Amling Michael , Busse Björn , Djuric Marija 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesParallel with body growth and development, bone structure in non‐adults is reorganized to achieve the particular design observed in mature individuals. We traced the changes in three‐dimensional trabecular microarchitectural design during the phases of locomotor maturation to clarify how human bone adapts to mechanical demands.Materials and MethodsMicro‐CT was performed on biomechanically‐relevant subregions of the proximal femur (medial, intermediate and lateral neck regions, intertrochanteric region, metaphyseal region) from early postnatal period to late childhood.ResultsDevelopmental patterns of trabecular microarchitecture showed that gestationally overproduced bone present at birth underwent the most dramatic reduction during the first year, followed by a reversing trend in some of the quantitative parameters (e.g., bone volume fraction, trabecular anisotropy). Certain regional anisotropy already present at birth is further accentuated into the childhood suggesting an adaptation to differential loading environments. Trabecular eccentricity in the femoral neck was particularly accentuated during childhood, giving the medial neck—the site mostly loaded in walking—superior microarchitectural design (high bone volume fraction and anisotropy, the earliest appearance and predominance of plate‐ and honeycomb‐shaped trabeculae).DiscussionWhile providing quantitative data on how bone microarchitecture adapts to increasing mechanical demands occurring during the phases of locomotor maturation, the study reveals how regional anisotropy develops in the proximal femur to ensure a functional and competent bone structure. Decomposing the region‐specific patterns of bone mass accrual is important in understanding skeletal adaptations to bipedalism, as well for understanding why fractures often occur location‐dependent, both in pediatric and elderly individuals.
Visible‐Light‐Irradiated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Photocatalyzed Diels–Alder Reactions with Dioxygen as Sustainable Mediator for Photoinduced Electrons
Authors: Zhao Yubao , Antonietti Markus 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPhotocatalytic Diels–Alder (D–A) reactions with electron rich olefins are realized by graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) under visible‐light irradiation and aerobic conditions. This heterogeneous photoredox reaction system is highly efficient, and the apparent quantum yield reaches a remarkable value of 47 % for the model reaction. Dioxygen plays a critical role as electron mediator, which is distinct from the previous reports in the homogeneous RuII complex photoredox system. Moreover, the reaction intermediate vinylcyclobutane is captured and monitored during the reaction, serving as a direct evidence for the proposed reaction mechanism. The cycloaddition process is thereby determined to be the combination of direct [4+2] cycloaddition and [2+2] cycloaddition followed by photocatalytic rearrangement of the vinylcyclobutane intermediate.
Assisted Reproductive Technology and Birth Defects: Effects of Subfertility and Multiple Births
Authors: Liberman Rebecca F. , Getz Kelly D. , Heinke Dominique , Luke Barbara , Stern Judy E. , Declercq Eugene R. , Chen Xiaoli , Lin Angela E. , Anderka Marlene 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundAssisted reproductive technology (ART) has been associated with birth defects, but the contributions of multiple births and underlying subfertility remain unclear. We evaluated the effects of subfertility and mediation by multiple births on associations between ART and nonchromosomal birth defects.MethodsWe identified a retrospective cohort of Massachusetts live births and stillbirths from 2004 to 2010 among ART‐exposed, ART‐unexposed subfertile, and fertile mothers using linked information from fertility clinics, vital records, hospital discharges, and birth defects surveillance. Log‐binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Mediation analyses were performed to deconstruct the ART‐birth defects association into the direct effect of ART, the indirect effect of multiple births, and the effect of ART‐multiples interaction.ResultsOf 17,829 ART‐exposed births, 355 had a birth defect, compared with 162 of 9431 births to subfertile mothers and 6183 of 445,080 births to fertile mothers. The adjusted prevalence ratio was 1.5 (95% CI, 1.3–1.6) for ART and 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1–1.5) in subfertile compared with fertile deliveries. We observed elevated rates of several birth defects with ART, including tetralogy of Fallot and hypospadias. Subfertility and multiple births affect these associations, with multiple births explaining 36% of the relative effect of ART on nonchromosomal birth defects.ConclusionAlthough the risk of birth defects with ART is small, a substantial portion of the relative effect is mediated through multiple births, with subfertility contributing an important role. Future research is needed to determine the impact of newer techniques, such as single embryo transfer, on these risks. Birth Defects Research 109:1144–1153, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chlamydia trachomatis Is Responsible for Lipid Vacuolation in the Amniotic Epithelium of Fetal Gastroschisis
Authors: Feldkamp Marcia L. , Ward Diane M. , Pysher Theodore J. , Chambers Christina T. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundVacuolated amniotic epithelium with lipid droplets in gastroschisis placentas is an unusual finding. Mass spectrometry of lipid droplets identified triglycerides, ester‐linked to an unusual pattern of fatty acids. We hypothesize that these findings result from a Chlamydia trachomatis infection during the periconceptional period. The rising incidence of chlamydia infections has paralleled the increasing prevalence of gastroschisis among women less than 25 years of age. Histologically, young women are at greatest risk for a chlamydia infection due to their immature columnar epithelium, the preferential site for attachment of Chlamydia trachomatis infectious particle (elementary body).MethodsChlamydia trachomatis survive in an inclusion, relying on its host to acquire essential nutrients, amino acids, and nucleotides for survival and replication. If essential nutrients are not available, the bacteria cannot replicate and may be trafficked to the lysosome for degradation or remain quiescent, within the inclusion, subverting innate immunologic clearance.ResultsChlamydiae synthesize several lipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphoatidylglycerol); however, their lipid content reveal eukaryotic lipids (sphingomyelin, cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol), evidence that chlamydiae “hijack” host lipids for expansion and replication.ConclusionThe abnormal amniotic epithelial findings are supported by experimental evidence of the trafficking of host lipids into the chlamydiae inclusion. If not lethal, what harm will elementary bodies inflict to the developing embryo? Do these women have a greater pro‐inflammatory response to an environmental exposure, whether cigarette smoking, change in partner, or a pathogen? Testing the hypothesis that Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for amniotic epithelium vacuoles will be a critical first step. Birth Defects Research 109:1003–1010, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple traumatic experiences, post‐traumatic stress disorder and offending behaviour in female prisoners
Authors: Karatzias Thanos , Power Kevin , Woolston Caroline , Apurva Prathima , Begley Amelie , Mirza Khadija , Conway Lisa , Quinn Carol , Jowett Sally , Howard Ruth , Purdie Allister 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough it is well established that prisoners commonly have histories of childhood trauma, little is known about mediators between exposure to trauma and criminal behaviour.HypothesesWe hypothesised that the experience of trauma in adulthood, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and emotional dysregulation would mediate the relationship between childhood traumatic events and later criminal behaviour.MethodsEighty‐nine female prisoners were interviewed using standardised scales, in a cross‐sectional study design. History of traumatic events, DSM‐5 PTSD and emotional regulation were assessed, along with offending and demographic information. A series of regression and mediation analyses were undertaken on the data.ResultsAlmost all (91%) of the 89 women reported both childhood and adulthood trauma. Over half (58%) met the criteria for DSM‐5 PTSD. Multiple traumas were significantly associated with seriousness of offence, as indicated by sentence length. Adult experience of trauma was the only significant mediator between childhood trauma and subsequent offending.Conclusions/implications for practiceWomen who have experienced multiple traumatic events may be more likely to commit serious offences, so it is very important to assess and meet their trauma‐related needs. While prisons should never be used as substitutes for healthcare facilities, when women or girls are sent to prison, the opportunity for constructive interventions must be seized. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An unusual cause of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: lung adenocarcinoma metastasis to the descending colon
Authors: Papanikolaou Ioannis S. , Gkolfakis Paraskevas , Tziatzios Georgios , Grammatikos Konstantinos , Panayiotides Ioannis G. , Tsakiraki Zoi , Zinovieva Irina , Dimitriadis George D. , Triantafyllou Konstantinos 
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical MessageLung adenocarcinoma with symptomatic GI metastasis occurs seldom in everyday clinical practice. However, as diagnostic modalities, therapeutic interventions, and supportive care for cancer evolve, it is likely that the clinician might encounter a number of similar cases in the future, and therefore, he should be aware of this rare entity.
Hexaazatriphenylene‐Based Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework with Permanent Porosity and Single‐Crystallinity
Authors: Hisaki Ichiro , Ikenaka Nobuaki , Gomez Eduardo , Cohen Boiko , Tohnai Norimitsu , Douhal Abderrazzak 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have drawn unprecedented interest because of their high crystallinity as well as facile process for construction, deconstruction, and reassembly arising from reversible bond formation‐dissociation. However, structural fragility and low stability frequently prevent formation of robust HOFs with permanent porosity. Here, we report that hexakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐hexaazatriphenylene (CPHAT) forms three dimensionally networked H‐bonded framework CPHAT‐1. Interestingly, the activated framework CPHAT‐1 a retains not only permanent porosity but single‐crystallinity, enabling precise structural characterization and property evaluation on a single crystal. Moreover, CPHAT‐1 a retains its framework up to 339 °C or in hot water and in acidic aqueous solution. These results clearly show that even a simple H‐bonding motif can be applied for the construction of robust HOFs, which creates a pathway to establish a new class of porous organic frameworks. We also characterize its uptake of gases and I2, in addition to a detailed photophysical study (spectroscopy and dynamics of proton and charge transfers) of its unit in solution, and of its single crystal under fluorescence microscopy, in which we observed a marked strong anistropy and narrow distribution. The results bring new findings to the area of HOFs and their possible applications in science and technology.
Pd‐Catalyzed Hydroxylation of Aryl Boronic Acids Using In Situ Generated Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Yi Hong , Lei Aiwen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHerein, we describe a benign and efficient palladium‐catalyzed hydroxylation of aryl boronic acids under mild conditions, with in situ generated hydrogen peroxide from carbon monoxide, water, and oxygen. This novel procedure combines catalytic production of hydrogen peroxide with an aerobic oxidation process in a sole reaction system. This system shows good functional group tolerance and provides a benign and efficient access to a variety of functionalized phenols. Furthermore, the in situ generated hydroperoxide can be well used for triphenylphosphine oxidation, in which the TON is up to 194. Isotope labelling studies provide important mechanistic insights for this process.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Dual Decarboxylative Coupling of Redox‐Active Esters with α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Zhang Jin‐Jiang , Yang Jun‐Cheng , Guo Li‐Na , Duan Xin‐Hua 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn efficient visible‐light‐induced decarboxylative coupling between α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids and alkyl N‐hydroxyphthalimide esters has been developed. A wide range of redox‐active esters derived from aliphatic carboxylic acids (1°, 2° and 3°) proved viable in this dual decarboxylation process, affording a broad scope of substituted alkenes in moderate to excellent yields with good E/Z selectivities. This redox‐neutral procedure was highlighted by its mild conditions, operational simplicity, easy accessibility of carboxylic acids, and excellent functional‐group tolerance.
Difluoromethylation Reactions of Organic Compounds
Authors: Yerien Damian E. , Barata‐Vallejo Sebastian , Postigo Al 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe relevance of the ‐CF2H moiety has attracted considerable attention from organic synthetic and medicinal chemistry communities, because this group can act as a more lipophilic isostere of the carbinol, thiol, hydroxamic acid, or amide groups. Being weakly acidic, the CF2H moiety can establish hydrogen‐bonding interactions to improve the binding selectivity of biologically active compounds. Therefore, the hydroxyl, amino, and thio substituents of lead structures are routinely replaced by a CF2H motif in drug discovery, with great benefits in the pharmacological activity of drugs and drug candidates and agrochemicals. Consequently, the late‐stage introduction of CF2H is a sought‐after strategy in designing bioactive compounds. Secondly, but nonetheless relevant and meaningful, is the study of synthetic pathways to introduce a CF2−Y moiety (Y≠H, F) into organic substrates because compounds that contain a CF2−Y functionality have also found vast applications in medicinal chemistry and in other areas, such as that of fungicides, insecticides, etc., and thus, this functionality deserves special attention. Although emphasis is made on difluoromethylation strategies to functionalize different families of organic compounds, three main methodological protocols will be presented in this review article for the late‐stage introduction of a CF2H or CF2Y moieties into organic substrates: i) a metal‐photoredox catalysis; ii) through transition metal‐catalyzed thermal protocols; and iii) from transition‐metal‐free strategies.
An intelligent agent‐based method for task allocation in competitive cloud environments
Authors: Kong Yan , Zhang Minjie , Ye Dayong , Zhu Jinxiu , Choi Junho 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIn market‐based cloud environments, both resource consumers and providers are self‐interested; additionally, they can come and leave the environment freely. Therefore, the environment is competitive and uncertain. Because of the competition, participants may cheat in making deals, and this represents that the environment is insecure to resource providers who intend to earn profits through renting their resources to the tasks of resource consumers. Against this, in this paper, intelligent agents are designed to strategically quote for the tasks that they are interested in, on behalf of resource providers. Agents could quote according to the messages it obtained and the information learnt and predicted from the messages, to minimize the influence of insecure factors, such as cheating, competition, and dynamism. The experimental evaluation shows that the proposed method outperforms both a well‐known multiresource negotiation‐based task allocation method and a max‐sum belief propagation–based method.