bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucagon therapeutics: Dawn of a new era for diabetes care
Authors: Davidson Jaime A. , Holland William L. , Roth Michael G. , Wang May‐yun , Lee Young , Yu Xinxin , McCorkle Sara K. , Scherer Philipp E. , Unger Roger H. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryAlthough insulin monotherapy prevents death from ketoacidosis, it does not prevent either the hyperglycemic surges or the hypoglycemic plunges of glucose levels that plague the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes. However, significant improvements have occurred with the combination of continuous insulin delivery matched by continuous glucose monitoring, but the technology is not available for all patients, requires extensive education, is expensive and moreover, while much better than standard care, it almost never reduces haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to below 6%. This may indicate that an improved diabetes therapy involving antagonism of glucagon action will for the first time control glucose levels to normal and eradicate the long‐term complications of diabetes. Although one can never predict that results in animals will be reproduced in humans, the available evidence suggests that patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes may expect far superior control of the metabolic abnormalities without the need for significant monitoring of glucose, a very important but expensive part of any insulin regimen.
Coumarin‐Phosphine‐Based Smart Probes for Tracking Biologically Relevant Metal Complexes: From Theoretical to Biological Investigations
Authors: Dondaine Lucile , Escudero Daniel , Ali Moussa , Richard Philippe , Denat Franck , Bettaieb Ali , Le Gendre Pierre , Paul Catherine , Jacquemin Denis , Goze Christine , Bodio Ewen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTen metal‐based complexes and associated ligands have been synthesized and characterized. One of the metal ligands is a coumarin‐phosphine derivative, which displays tunable fluorescence properties. The fluorescence is quenched in the case of the free ligand and ruthenium and osmium complexes, whereas it is strong for the gold complexes and phosphonium derivatives. These trends were rationalized by theoretical calculations, which revealed non‐radiative channels involving a dark state for the free ligands that is lower in energy than the emissive state and is responsible for the quenching of fluorescence. For the RuII and OsII complexes, other non‐radiative channels involving the manifold of singlet and triplet excited states may play a role. The anti‐proliferative properties of all the compounds were evaluated in cancer cell lines (SW480, HCT116, MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7); higher IC50 values were obtained for gold(I) complexes, with the free ligands being only weakly cytotoxic.
Pressure and shear stress caused by raindrop impact at the soil surface: Scaling laws depending on the water depth
Authors: Nouhou Bako Amina , Darboux Frédéric , James François , Josserand Christophe , Lucas Carine 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRaindrop impact is an important process in soil erosion. Through its pressure and shear stress, raindrop impact causes a significant detachment of the soil material, making this material available for transport by sheet flow. Thanks to the accurate Navier–Stokes equations solver Gerris, we simulate the impact of a single raindrop of diameter D, at terminal velocity, on water layers of different thickness h:
,
, D, 2D, in order to study pressures and shear stresses involved in raindrop erosion. These complex numerical simulations help in understanding precisely the dynamics of the raindrop impact, quantifying in particular the pressure and the shear stress fields. A detailed analysis of these fields is performed and self‐similar structures are identified for the pressure and the shear stress on the soil surface. The evolution of these self‐similar structures are investigated as the aspect ratio h/D varies. We find that the pressure and the shear stress have a specific dependence on the ratio between the drop diameter and the water layer thickness, and that the scaling laws recently proposed in fluid mechanics are also applicable to raindrops, paving the road to obtain effective models of soil erosion by raindrops. In particular, we obtain a scaling law formula for the dependence of the maximum shear stress on the soil on the water depth, a quantity that is crucial for quantifying erosion materials. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attraction of Nanoparticles to Tilt Grain Boundaries in Block Copolymers
Authors: Koski Jason , Hagberg Brett , Riggleman Robert A. 
Published: January 2016

Self‐assembly of block copolymers can be used to create nanoscale patterns for numerous applications that span from the fabrication of microelectronic devices to producing structured nanocomposites with enhanced properties. One ubiquitous challenge for controlling the distribution of nanoparticles in a block copolymer matrix is the strong interactions between the nanoparticles and any defects in the block copolymer order; nanoparticles are known to segregate to and stabilize defects and grain boundaries, but a quantitative analysis of this effect remains limited. Using 3‐Dimensional field‐theoretic simulations, this attraction is quantified by creating tilt grain boundaries of controlled size within ordered block copolymer nanocomposite films. For particles that are chemically identical to one of the copolymer blocks, the scaling of the particle attraction is proportional to the chain stretching at the grain boundary. Furthermore, the free energy of segregation is proportional to the volume of the particles, suggesting that a nanoparticle enables relaxation of a volume of material at the grain boundary that is proportional to the volume of the particle. At low particle concentrations, fluctuations play a large role in determining the final particle configuration, in contrast to homopolymer additives where fluctuation effects are relatively minor.
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Free flaps for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in lower extremity: A meta‐analysis on microsurgical outcome and safety
Authors: Xiong Lingyun , Gazyakan Emre , Kremer Thomas , Hernekamp Frederick J. , Harhaus Leila , Saint‐Cyr Michel , Kneser Ulrich , Hirche Christoph 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundMicrosurgical free flaps for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in lower extremity have evolved into a reliable procedure over last decades; however, there lacked high level of evidence.MethodsA systematic literature research was performed including studies between 2000 and 2014 in English, German, and Chinese (PubMed, EMBASE). Publications were selected applying inclusion/exclusion criteria. Postoperative complications were statistically analyzed with metaprop command of R GUI 3.0.1.ResultsAlltogether 30 articles overlooking 1,397 free flaps were included. The rate of total flap loss was 6.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.0%–8.0%, PQ (P values of Q statistics) = 0.03); the thrombosis rate was 6.0% (95% CI = 4.0%–9.0%, PQ = 0.01); the hematoma rate was 4.0% (95% CI = 3.0%–5.0%, PQ = 0.79); the partial necrosis rate was 6.0% (95% CI = 4.0%–10.0%, PQ < 0.01); the early infection rate was 4.0% (95% CI = 2.0%–6.0%, PQ = 0.03), and the dehiscence rate was 3.0% (95% CI = 2.0%–5.0%, PQ = 0.12). Reconstruction for diabetic foot may be not associated with a significant increase of procedural risk (Total flap loss rate = 6%, 95% CI = 3.0%–9.0%, PQ = 0.44).ConclusionsMicrosurgical reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the lower extremity reconstruction could be regarded safe and reliable. A standardization of report of perioperative parameters and clinical outcomes is needed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:511–524, 2016.
Measurement of extremely 2H‐enriched water samples by laser spectrometry: application to batch electrolytic concentration of environmental tritium samples
Authors: Wassenaar L. I. , Kumar B. , Douence C. , Belachew D. L. , Aggarwal P. K. 
Published: January 2016

RationaleNatural water samples artificially or experimentally enriched in deuterium (2H) at concentrations up to 10,000 ppm are required for various medical, environmental and hydrological tracer applications, but are difficult to measure using conventional stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry.MethodsHere we demonstrate that off‐axis integrated cavity output (OA‐ICOS) laser spectrometry, along with 2H‐enriched laboratory calibration standards and appropriate analysis templates, allows for low‐cost, fast, and accurate determinations of water samples having δ2HVSMOW‐SLAP values up to at least 57,000 ‰ (~9000 ppm) at a processing rate of 60 samples per day.ResultsAs one practical application, extremely 2H‐enriched samples were measured by laser spectrometry and compared to the traditional 3H Spike‐Proxy method in order to determine tritium enrichment factors in the batch electrolysis of environmental waters. Highly 2H‐enriched samples were taken from different sets of electrolytically concentrated standards and low‐level (<10 TU) IAEA inter‐comparison tritium samples, and all cases returned accurate and precise initial low‐level 3H results.ConclusionsThe ability to quickly and accurately measure extremely 2H‐enriched waters by laser spectrometry will facilitate the use of deuterium as a tracer in numerous environmental and other applications. For low‐level tritium operations, this new analytical ability facilitated a 10–20 % increase in sample productivity through the elimination of spike standards and gravimetrics, and provides immediate feedback on electrolytic enrichment cell performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bewertung von Stahlbauwerken durch zerstörungsfreie Bestimmung von Spannungszuständen
Authors: Fox Christian , Doktor Markus , Schneider Eckhardt , Kurz Wolfgang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBelastungsversuche an Bauwerken zur Bestimmung ihrer Resttragfähigkeit sind etabliert und werden schon seit längerer Zeit erfolgreich eingesetzt. Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren bieten die Möglichkeit, den Bauwerkszustand zu beschreiben und mit diesen Erkenntnissen den Tragfähigkeitsnachweis zu führen sowie Resttragfähigkeiten zu bestimmen. Ziel des hier vorgestellten Forschungsvorhabens ist es, das diesbezügliche Potenzial der zerstörungsfreien Bauteilprüfung zu ermitteln.Contribution of non‐destructive techniques to the evaluation of steel. For some time already established load tests are applied to analyze the remaining load bearing capacity of existing buildings. Nondestructive techniques offer the possibility to describe the stress of the structure. By using this information the remaining capacity can be checked. The objective of the R&D project presented here is to identify the potential of the nondestructive material characterization for that purpose.
MicroRNA-29a in Adult Muscle Stem Cells Controls Skeletal Muscle Regeneration During Injury and Exercise Downstream of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2
Authors: Galimov Artur , Merry Troy L. , Luca Edlira , Rushing Elisabeth J. , Mizbani Amir , Turcekova Katarina , Hartung Angelika , Croce Carlo M. , Ristow Michael , Krützfeldt Jan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The expansion of myogenic progenitors (MPs) in the adult muscle stem cell niche is critical for the regeneration of skeletal muscle. Activation of quiescent MPs depends on the dismantling of the basement membrane and increased access to growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2). Here, we demonstrate using microRNA (miRNA) profiling in mouse and human myoblasts that the capacity of FGF2 to stimulate myoblast proliferation is mediated by miR-29a. FGF2 induces miR-29a expression and inhibition of miR-29a using pharmacological or genetic deletion decreases myoblast proliferation. Next generation RNA sequencing from miR-29a knockout myoblasts (Pax7CE/+; miR-29aflox/flox) identified members of the basement membrane as the most abundant miR-29a targets. Using gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we confirm that miR-29a coordinately regulates Fbn1, Lamc1, Nid2, Col4a1, Hspg2 and Sparc in myoblasts in vitro and in MPs in vivo. Induction of FGF2 and miR-29a and downregulation of its target genes precedes muscle regeneration during cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury. Importantly, MP-specific tamoxifen-induced deletion of miR-29a in adult skeletal muscle decreased the proliferation and formation of newly formed myofibers during both CTX-induced muscle injury and after a single bout of eccentric exercise. Our results identify a novel miRNA-based checkpoint of the basement membrane in the adult muscle stem cell niche. Strategies targeting miR-29a might provide useful clinical approaches to maintain muscle mass in disease states such as ageing that involve aberrant FGF2 signaling.
A Multimodal Imaging Protocol, 123I/99Tc‐Sestamibi, SPECT, and SPECT/CT, in Primary Hyperparathyroidism Adds Limited Benefit for Preoperative Localization
Authors: Lee Grace S. , McKenzie Travis J. , Mullan Brian P. , Farley David R. , Thompson Geoffrey B. , Richards Melanie L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionFocused parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism (1°HPT) is possible with accurate preoperative localization and intraoperative PTH monitoring (IOPTH). The added benefit of multimodal imaging techniques for operative success is unknown.MethodPatients with 1°HPT, who underwent parathyroidectomy in 2012–2014 at a single institution, were retrospectively reviewed. Only the patients who underwent the standardized multimodal imaging workup consisting of 123I/99Tc‐sestamibi subtraction scintigraphy, SPECT, and SPECT/CT were assessed.ResultsOf 360 patients who were identified, a curative operation was performed in 96 %, using pre‐operative imaging and IOPTH. Imaging analysis showed that 123I/99Tc‐sestamibi had a sensitivity of 86 % (95 % CI 82–90 %), positive predictive value (PPV) 93 %, and accuracy 81 %, based on correct lateralization. SPECT had a sensitivity of 77 % (95 % CI 72–82 %), PPV 92 % and accuracy 72 %. SPECT/CT had a sensitivity of 75 % (95 % CI 70–80 %), PPV of 94 %, and accuracy 71 %. There were 3 of 45 (7 %) patients with negative sestamibi imaging that had an accurate SPECT and SPECT/CT. Of 312 patients (87 %) with positive uptake on sestamibi (93 % true positive, 7 % false positive), concordant findings were present in 86 % SPECT and 84 % SPECT/CT. In cases where imaging modalities were discordant, but at least one method was true‐positive, 123I/99Tc‐sestamibi was significantly better than both SPECT and SPECT/CT (p < 0.001). The inclusion of SPECT and SPECT/CT in 1°HPT imaging protocol increases patient cost up to 2.4‐fold.Conclusion123I/99Tc‐sestamibi subtraction imaging is highly sensitive for preoperative localization in 1°HPT. SPECT and SPECT/CT are commonly concordant with 123I/99Tc‐sestamibi and rarely increase the sensitivity. Routine inclusion of multimodality imaging technique adds minimal clinical benefit but increases cost to patient in high‐volume setting.
Retrospective Analyses of Esophageal Bypass Surgery for Patients with Esophagorespiratory Fistulas Caused by Esophageal Carcinomas
Authors: Nakajima Yasuaki , Kawada Kenro , Tokairin Yutaka , Miyawaki Yutaka , Okada Takuya , Miyake Satoshi , Kawano Tatsuyuki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundEsophagorespiratory fistula (ERF) caused by esophageal carcinoma is a fatal complication. In our institution, esophageal bypass surgery has been indicated when possible. We herein retrospectively describe the clinical results of esophageal bypass surgery for ERF.Patients and methodsBetween April 2001 and March 2015, 20 patients with ERF underwent esophageal bypass surgery. For these patients, the clinical safety, validity, and effectiveness of esophageal bypass surgery were examined and compared with the results of bypass surgery without ERF.ResultsEight patients developed ERF at the initial diagnosis, while 10 patients developed ERF during and after chemoradiotherapy. Postoperative complications such as pneumonia, surgical site infection, and anastomotic leakage developed in 12, 5, and 1 patient, respectively. All the patients could eat solid foods at a median of 9 postoperative days. Two patients died within 30 days after the operation and 1 patient developed in‐hospital death. Fourteen patients received chemo(radio)therapy after the operation. The median overall survival was 244 days and the one‐year and three‐year overall survival rates were 45.7 and 15.3 %, respectively. There was no significant difference in terms of the intraoperative findings, postoperative morbidities, and short‐term and long‐term clinical results between the two groups.ConclusionEsophageal bypass surgery for ERF is not considered to be highly invasive or risky compared with bypass surgery without ERF. After the operation, respiratory symptoms caused by ERF may improve and oral intake can be achieved. Esophageal bypass surgery should therefore be aggressively performed for patients with a tolerable performance status.
The histone demethylase JMJD2A/KDM4A links ribosomal RNA transcription to nutrients and growth factors availability
Authors: Salifou Kader , Ray Swagat , Verrier Laure , Aguirrebengoa Marion , Trouche Didier , Panov Konstantin I. , Vandromme Marie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe interplay between methylation and demethylation of histone lysine residues is an essential component of gene expression regulation and there is considerable interest in elucidating the roles of proteins involved. Here we report that histone demethylase KDM4A/JMJD2A, which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and is overexpressed in some cancers, interacts with RNA Polymerase I, associates with active ribosomal RNA genes and is required for serum-induced activation of rDNA transcription. We propose that KDM4A controls the initial stages of transition from ‘poised’, non-transcribed rDNA chromatin into its active form. We show that PI3K, a major signalling transducer central for cell proliferation and survival, controls cellular localization of KDM4A and consequently its association with ribosomal DNA through the SGK1 downstream kinase. We propose that the interplay between PI3K/SGK1 signalling cascade and KDM4A constitutes a mechanism by which cells adapt ribosome biogenesis level to the availability of growth factors and nutrients.
Detection of nanoscale electron spin resonance spectra demonstrated using nitrogen-vacancy centre probes in diamond
Authors: Hall L. T. , Kehayias P. , Simpson D. A. , Jarmola A. , Stacey A. , Budker D. , Hollenberg L. C. L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractElectron spin resonance (ESR) describes a suite of techniques for characterizing electronic systems with applications in physics, chemistry, and biology. However, the requirement for large electron spin ensembles in conventional ESR techniques limits their spatial resolution. Here we present a method for measuring ESR spectra of nanoscale electronic environments by measuring the longitudinal relaxation time of a single-spin probe as it is systematically tuned into resonance with the target electronic system. As a proof of concept, we extracted the spectral distribution for the P1 electronic spin bath in diamond by using an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centres, and demonstrated excellent agreement with theoretical expectations. As the response of each nitrogen-vacancy spin in this experiment is dominated by a single P1 spin at a mean distance of 2.7 nm, the application of this technique to the single nitrogen-vacancy case will enable nanoscale ESR spectroscopy of atomic and molecular spin systems.
Global proteogenomic analysis of human MHC class I-associated peptides derived from non-canonical reading frames
Authors: Laumont Céline M. , Daouda Tariq , Laverdure Jean-Philippe , Bonneil Éric , Caron-Lizotte Olivier , Hardy Marie-Pierre , Granados Diana P. , Durette Chantal , Lemieux Sébastien , Thibault Pierre , Perreault Claude 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn view of recent reports documenting pervasive translation outside of canonical protein-coding sequences, we wished to determine the proportion of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-associated peptides (MAPs) derived from non-canonical reading frames. Here we perform proteogenomic analyses of MAPs eluted from human B cells using high-throughput mass spectrometry to probe the six-frame translation of the B-cell transcriptome. We report that ∼10% of MAPs originate from allegedly noncoding genomic sequences or exonic out-of-frame translation. The biogenesis and properties of these ‘cryptic MAPs’ differ from those of conventional MAPs. Cryptic MAPs come from very short proteins with atypical C termini, and are coded by transcripts bearing long 3′UTRs enriched in destabilizing elements. Relative to conventional MAPs, cryptic MAPs display different MHC class I-binding preferences and harbour more genomic polymorphisms, some of which are immunogenic. Cryptic MAPs increase the complexity of the MAP repertoire and enhance the scope of CD8 T-cell immunosurveillance.
How type 1 fimbriae help Escherichia coli to evade extracellular antibiotics
Authors: Avalos Vizcarra Ima , Hosseini Vahid , Kollmannsberger Philip , Meier Stefanie , Weber Stefan S. , Arnoldini Markus , Ackermann Martin , Vogel Viola 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTo survive antibiotics, bacteria use two different strategies: counteracting antibiotic effects by expression of resistance genes or evading their effects e.g. by persisting inside host cells. Since bacterial adhesins provide access to the shielded, intracellular niche and the adhesin type 1 fimbriae increases bacterial survival chances inside macrophages, we asked if fimbriae also influenced survival by antibiotic evasion. Combined gentamicin survival assays, flow cytometry, single cell microscopy and kinetic modeling of dose response curves showed that type 1 fimbriae increased the adhesion and internalization by macrophages. This was caused by strongly decreased off-rates and affected the number of intracellular bacteria but not the macrophage viability and morphology. Fimbriae thus promote antibiotic evasion which is particularly relevant in the context of chronic infections.
Weak-coupling superconductivity in a strongly correlated iron pnictide
Authors: Charnukha A. , Post K. W. , Thirupathaiah S. , Pröpper D. , Wurmehl S. , Roslova M. , Morozov I. , Büchner B. , Yaresko A. N. , Boris A. V. , Borisenko S. V. , Basov D. N. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIron-based superconductors have been found to exhibit an intimate interplay of orbital, spin and lattice degrees of freedom, dramatically affecting their low-energy electronic properties, including superconductivity. Albeit the precise pairing mechanism remains unidentified, several candidate interactions have been suggested to mediate the superconducting pairing, both in the orbital and in the spin channel. Here, we employ optical spectroscopy (OS), angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), ab initio band-structure and Eliashberg calculations to show that nearly optimally doped NaFe0.978Co0.022As exhibits some of the strongest orbitally selective electronic correlations in the family of iron pnictides. Unexpectedly, we find that the mass enhancement of itinerant charge carriers in the strongly correlated band is dramatically reduced near the Γ point and attribute this effect to orbital mixing induced by pronounced spin-orbit coupling. Embracing the true band structure allows us to describe all low-energy electronic properties obtained in our experiments with remarkable consistency and demonstrate that superconductivity in this material is rather weak and mediated by spin fluctuations.