bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiological spectrum of acute kidney injury and adverse outcome: A single-center observation
Authors: Rout Nikunj Kishore , Choudhury Arpita Ray , Dasgupta Sanjay , Pathi Debasis , Panda Bandita , Pandey Rajendra 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The present study aims to evaluate the etiological spectrum with clinicopathological parameters and adverse outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods:
A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted for a spectrum of AKI in 103 AKI patients and their AKI-associated adverse outcomes. The AKI patients were included as per the KDIGO definition. The patients with a known chronic kidney disease (CKD) were excluded from the study population. A clinicopathological association with AKI was observed. Adverse outcomes and the need for renal biopsy were recorded in 3 weeks followed up to 6 months.

Results:
A single-center study recorded that the incidence of AKI was 8.6% with a mean age of 34 ± 16 years. The cause of AKI due to medical reasons was maximum (70.8%), followed by obstetric (21.3%) and surgery (7.7%). The AKI mortality rate was 16% (P < 0.05). Renal biopsy in 34 cases showed that acute tubular necrosis was higher (38%), followed by acute cortical necrosis (23%). The spectrum of AKI was very diverse. In the 6-month follow-up, the adverse outcome was observed in 27.2% of patients, where the mortality rate was 16.5% and 10.7% of patients progressed to CKD.

Conclusion:
The spectrum of AKI was diverse among the population, and most of the etiologies are preventable. This alarms the need for better preventive strategies with a better referral system. The obstetric population with AKI, which majorly leads to either mortality or progression to CKD, is the section that seeks more attention.
Prevalence of abnormal thyroid function test in adults attending primary care setting in the year 2022 in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Bahram Samya A. , Alhayki Baheya M. , Matar Hanan A. , Alkhawaja Noor A. , Rabia Noor A. , Mahfoodh Zahra A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Thyroid disease is known to be one of the most common endocrine diseases globally and has serious health implications if left untreated.

Objective:
This study aimed to gain a better understanding of common thyroid diseases and to explore the associated risk factors in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Methods:
A case-control study was carried out after obtaining all thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) results done in a primary healthcare setting from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 from the Health Information Department. In total, 500 participants were randomly selected from each group: the abnormal thyroid test group (cases) and the normal thyroid test group (controls). Participants were interviewed using a structured list of associated risk factors with the following sections: sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, family history of thyroid disease, BMI, previous radiation therapy, and certain medications.

Results:
The prevalence of abnormal thyroid tests was found to be 11%. Cases were categorized into four groups: hyperthyroidism (26.4%), hypothyroidism (64.6%), hyperthyroidism (4.5%), and subclinical hypothyroidism 13 (4.5%). The results showed significant differences between case and control in the following risk factors: female sex, increasing age, BMI, dyslipidemia, family history of thyroid disease, and previous radiation therapy (P = <0.05).

Conclusion:
In summary, the high prevalence of abnormal thyroid results highlights the need for an organized national screening program for individuals at average risk for developing thyroid disease.
“Is it time to initiate scrub typhus surveillance in Karnataka?”—Lessons from a seroprevalence survey in a rural district
Authors: Chandrasingh Sindhulina , George Carolin E. , Maddipati Tatarao , Joan Roshni F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a commonly occurring, but underdiagnosed rickettsial infection in India. Considering the high incidence of scrub typhus among patients with acute febrile illness in the hospital setting and the paucity of community seroprevalence studies, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of scrub typhus in the community in the Bengaluru Rural District.

Methods:
A pilot cross-sectional survey was conducted between October and December 2022 among eligible asymptomatic adults from five randomly selected villages of the Bangalore Rural District after obtaining written informed consent. Serum immunoglobin M (IgM) and immunoglobin G (IgG) antibodies were tested using the respective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits from InBios International Inc, Seattle, USA. Seroprevalence was defined as positivity to either IgG or IgM antibodies or both.

Results:
The study reported a seroprevalence of 8.9% (95% CI 4.8%–14.7%) among 146 asymptomatic adults. The IgG and IgM antibodies were positive in 7.5% and 2.1% of participants, respectively.

Conclusions:
A community seroprevalence of 8.9% warrants further epidemiological surveys and surveillance in the context of climate change, variable clinical presentations of scrub typhus, and the possible need to include this disease in the clinical practice algorithm in the primary care setting. We recommend study designs with “One Health” lens to monitor the trend of this re-emerging public health problem.
Perspectives and lived experiences of survivors and caregivers of COVID-19 patients in a teaching hospital in a tribal district of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Khanna Shilpa , Abhishek Shriyuta , Shagill Mohammad , Singh Lakhan , Malik Chetanya , Devi Savithri , Priyadarsh T , Kalkonde Yogeshwar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The rural–urban healthcare disparity in India was exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the second wave hitting rural areas particularly hard due to weak infrastructure. A study in Chhattisgarh aims to explore the experiences of severely ill COVID-19 survivors and caregivers to inform patient-centric care delivery in primary settings.

Methods:
In this qualitative study, we conducted in-depth interviews with seven patients and seven caregivers during home visits or telephonically to understand lived experiences of receiving care for COVID-19 in an ICU in the public health system. Socioecological model was used to guide the qualitative inquiry.

Results:
COVID-19 patients faced stigma due to their diagnosis. The survivors felt lonely due to isolation, uncertainty about their illness, and fear of death. Poor mental health during ICU stay affected their physical health. Patients with caregivers felt supported despite visitor restrictions. Transparent communication with health providers reduced distress.

Conclusion:
The study in Chhattisgarh, India, highlights ICU survivors’ and caregivers’ experiences, revealing fear and loneliness among patients. Effective communication and caregiver presence improve outcomes, emphasizing holistic support. There’s an urgent need for palliative care integration, caregiver inclusion, and comprehensive post-discharge follow-up by primary-level practitioners in rural settings. Lack of state-level palliative care policy emphasizes the need for comprehensive initiatives to enhance healthcare outcomes.
Psychosocial and mental health concerns among elderly people during COVID-19: Findings from national helpline in India
Authors: Manikappa Sanjeev Kumar , Reddy P Bhasker , Tansa K. A. , Shetty Kannappa V. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
WHO reported that the epidemic SARS-CoV-2 spread was a public health emergency of international tension in January 2020 and pandemic in March 2020. In this regard, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) launched a national helpline with the support of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for addressing psychosocial issues and mental health concerns of people during the COVID-19 pandemic. The recorded calls made to the National Psychosocial Support helpline were analysed to elicit the psychosocial issues seen among the elderly during the pandemic.

Methods:
The data of 70 randomly selected helpline callers were collected by using the sociodemographic data sheet and the semistructured questionnaire. The study employed descriptive research design.

Results:
In total, 71.1% of callers belonged to the 60-70 years’ age group. 57.1% of callers had approached the helpline by themselves. 38.6% of the callers had reported a preexisting mental illness, of which the majority (33%) reported anxiety and/or sleeplessness. 28.6% of callers complained of comorbid medical issues. Interventions provided to the callers were in the form of supportive psychotherapy (84.28%), the COVID-19-related information (72.85%), referral services (62.9%), lifestyle modifications (41.42%), and behavioural activation (35.71%).

Conclusion:
Study findings indicate that the older population encountered several mental health issues during COVID-19, and the telephonic interventions were the most feasible, accessible, and helpful method to reach out to them.
Knowledge and attitude towards HPV infection, HPV vaccination and cervical cancer among middle- and high-school students in Gwalior
Authors: Dewan Monika , Shukla Durgesh , Shrivastav Gunjan , Diwan Priyanka 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
There is little information available regarding knowledge and attitudes towards the human papillomavirus (HPV) and its vaccines among the students in mainland India. Furthermore, there has not been much information accessible on how to increase their understanding of and readiness to receive HPV and associated vaccines, which could be crucial for the future success of vaccination campaigns. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of middle- and high-school students towards HPV infection, HPV vaccine and cervical cancer prevention.

Method:
The present study was an observational study conducted from July 2023 to December 2023 in the Gwalior District of Northern India among the 490 students aged 11–16 years. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from the students. The collected data was entered into an Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for easy calculation. Frequency and percentage were calculated and significance in proportion was tested using the chi-square test. P value was judged at a 5% level of significance.

Results:
The average age of the student was 13.67 ± 1.95 years range between 11 years and 16 years with a 0.52:1 sex ratio. Out of the 490 enrolled participants, 41.0% of subjects had previously heard about cervical cancer. About 64.7% of students heard it from the mass media. A total of 181 (36.9%) knew that cervical cancer was caused by HPV infection. Only 168 (34.3%) participants knew the fact that men were also infected by HPV infection. Only 12.4% knew that a healthy-looking person could have an HPV infection. Only 11.6% had shown their willingness for the HPV vaccination. There was a significant difference observed among the males and females regarding knowledge questions. Males (54.76%) heard more about cervical cancer than females (33.85%). Males had more knowledge (60.1%) regarding cervical cancer caused by HPV infection as compared with females (24.8%).

Conclusion:
Students’ awareness of HPV and the HPV vaccine was low. Training that focusses on HPV information in addition to sex education is needed to promote HPV vaccine coverage.
Correlation between CRP and ferritin in dengue patients: A hospital-based prospective observational study
Authors: Nayak Sailendra , Rout Rabinarayan , Panda Bandita , Machipeddy Mourya , Sharma Vibha , Patro Shubhransu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
In India, dengue is one of the health challenges and a leading cause of hospitalization, especially during the monsoon. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an independent marker for dengue severity. The present study aimed to analyze the correlation between CRP and ferritin and with other hematological markers in dengue fever (DF).

Methods:
A hospital-based prospective study was conducted over one year. With the patient’s consent, A total of 189 dengue-diagnosed hospitalized patients aged more than 18 years were included in the study group. Demographic features, total leukocytes, total platelet counts, packed cell volume, CRP, and ferritin were monitored in both severe and non-severe cases. Significant univariate parameters were correlated and significant associations were analyzed from the correlation coefficient and P value respectively.

Result:
A total of 189 dengue-diagnosed, hospitalized patients were recruited, among them 30 patients were diagnosed as severe and 159 patients were diagnosed as non-severe. The mean age ranged between 41 ± 16.7 and 42 ± 15.9 years. In univariate analysis, total leucocytes, CRP, and ferritin were significantly higher in dengue severe cases in comparison to non-severe dengue cases. The association between CRP and ferritin revealed a positive correlation whereas, the association between ferritin and total platelet count showed a negative correlation.

Conclusion:
A significant positive correlation between CRP and ferritin indicates that ferritin can be an additional biomarker along with CRP for the hospitalization of dengue patients and may be useful for severity prediction at an early stage of infection.
Association between medication adherence and health-related quality of life among type 2 diabetic adults in Mexico
Authors: Olvera-Cruz Sara I. , Cano-Estrada Araceli , Hernández-Mariano José Á. , Castañeda-Márquez Ana C. , Orihuela Yaneth C. O. , Mejía-Blanquel María A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Previous evidence suggests that non-adherence to medication among patients with chronic diseases might negatively affect their health-related quality of life (HRQoL); however, the evidence in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not conclusive, and information is scarce in the Mexican context. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between medication adherence and HRQoL among Mexican adults with T2D.

Methods:
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on a sample of 320 adults with T2D. Participants were recruited from two community health centers in Hidalgo, Mexico. The four-item Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence Scale and the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) were used to assess medication adherence and HRQoL, respectively. The associations between the variables of interest were evaluated using logistic regression models.

Results:
It was found that 78.4% of the participants were non-adherent to medication. After adjusting for confounders, we observed that non-adherent adults were more likely to have poor HRQoL in six domains of SF-36: physical functioning (adjusted odds ratio [ORa] =2.02; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] =1.06, 3.80); physical role (ORa = 2.37; 95% CI = 1.13, 4.96); bodily pain (ORa = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.45, 5.06); general health (ORa = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.37, 4.80); vitality (ORa = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.70, 6.39); social functioning (ORa = 2.97; 95% CI = 1.56, 5.65); and mental health (ORa = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.42, 4.98).

Conclusion:
Non-adherence to medication was independently associated with HRQoL in Mexican adults with T2D. Therefore, it is necessary to plan awareness interventions to encourage adherence to therapeutic recommendations during routine clinical consultations in primary care.
Retrospective analysis of risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Chatterjee Bijoya , Modi Nikunj , Desai Khushi , Murugan Yogesh , Trivedi Ami 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Older age and comorbidities are associated with adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, comprehensive identification of mortality risk factors can further guide disease management. We aimed to analyze predictors of in-hospital mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included 400 COVID-19 patients admitted between March and December 2020. Demographics, vital signs, medical history, presenting symptoms, laboratory findings, treatments, and outcomes were extracted from the patient’s electronic medical records. Patients were stratified into survivor (n = 300) and nonsurvivor (n = 100) groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze associations between variables and mortality.

Results:
Nonsurvivors were older (mean age 65 vs 45 years) and had more hypertension (60% vs 33%), diabetes (40% vs 20%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (20% vs 5%), and chronic kidney disease (15% vs 3%). Shorter symptom onset to admission (7 vs 4 days), lower oxygen saturation (92% vs 96%), lymphopenia, and elevated inflammatory and coagulation markers were also associated with mortality (all P < 0.001). Mechanical ventilation (60% vs 3%) and therapeutic anticoagulation were more common in nonsurvivors (all P < 0.001). Age over 75 years (adjusted odds ratio 5.2), chronic medical conditions, elevated D-dimer, and mechanical ventilation had the strongest independent associations with mortality (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Older age, comorbidities such as chronic pulmonary and renal disease, disease severity parameters such as dysregulated inflammatory and coagulation markers, and the need for aggressive interventions predict increased mortality risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Evaluation of immunisation coverage and its determinants among children aged 12–23 months in urban slum areas of Jhalawar city
Authors: Das Subhashree , Kukreja Srishti , Pathak Pooja 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Immunisation services does not reach over one third of urban poor children. There is clear cut difference of children completely immunised in the low as compared to high standard of living index in urban areas. This difference is more marked in low performing states like Rajasthan and this difference as compared to better performing states like Kerala. Such inter-state differentials indicate the importance of extra focus on low performing states like Rajasthan.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 550 children aged 12–23 months in an urban slum of a district in southern Rajasthan. Along with the immunisation coverage, determinants associated with incomplete immunisation was assessed. The child’s immunisation was ascertained using the immunisation cards/Mamta cards or in whom cards not available WHO recall method was used. The Chi-square test was used to find out statistical significance.

Results:
Of 550 children studied, 417 (75.8%) were fully immunised, 117 (21.3%) were partially immunised and 16 of them were non immunised (2.9%). When the determinants of incomplete immunisation were assessed, all were found statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The present study concluded that immunisation coverage is lower than that of the target. The factors thought to have influenced immunisation such as religion, family composition, education of mother and gender of child were discovered to be statistically significant.
Connecting the dots: Exploring the relationship between menstrual hygiene and bacterial vaginosis in eastern India
Authors: Samantaray Subha R. , Parida Soumya , Mohapatra Ipsita 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Menstruation is a normal physiological event that takes place in a rhythmic fashion during the reproductive period of a woman. Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) practices differ and depend on the individual’s socioeconomic status, local traditions and beliefs, and access to water and sanitation resources. Insufficient and incorrect information regarding menstruation and lack of knowledge and awareness leads to poor personal hygienic practices, which further leads to many infections. Bacterial vaginosis, the most common RTI, is characterized by an alteration in the vaginal micro biome with a decline in hydrogen peroxide producing Lactobacillus colonization and an overgrowth of facultative anaerobic bacteria like Gardnerella spp., Mobiluncus spp., etc.

Aims:
The primary objective of the study was to find out the association of bacterial vaginosis with menstrual hygiene practices. The secondary objective was to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among patients presenting with vaginal discharge to the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:
Women in the reproductive age group 18-45 years having regular menstrual cycles were included in the study. Participants were enquired for sociodemographic data, menstrual hygiene practices and symptoms of abnormal vaginal discharge. High vaginal swab was collected for the symptomatic patients and sent to investigate for presence of bacterial vaginosis.

Results and observation:
The prevalence of BV was found to be 13% among symptomatic patients presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge. Apart from abnormal discharge, itching and burning sensation was also seen to have a positive association with bacterial vaginosis (p < 0.001). The women who used clothes as absorbent were more prone to develop BV than women using sanitary pad. The other parameters to have positive association with BV were decreased frequency of taking body bath. Unsatisfactory sanitation of latrine was found to be strongly associated with BV after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the result of this study provided a strong association between poor MHM practices with BV.
The sensitivity and specificity of fine needle aspiration cytology in detecting thyroid malignancy according to Bethesda system at a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Refai Fahd A. , Alyazidi Anas S. , Shawli Mohammed K. , Alotibi Fahad A. , Jambi Abdulaziz T. , Haider Rayan A. , Binhamran Khalid W. , Osaylan Majed T. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) aims to standardize the terminology and morphologic criteria associated with thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) results while also providing corresponding risk assessments for malignancy. contributing to more consistent and standardized reporting of thyroid nodules and aiding clinicians in making informed decisions. Since then, it has been undergoing revisions and updates to further improve its utility and accuracy.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care center. All patients with a history of thyroid gland swelling who had previously undergone FNA were included. The procedure included cytopathologists performing FNAC for all cases of midline neck swelling. Demographic and histopathology data were correlated with the cytological diagnosis.

Results:
We included 288 cases. Of those, 234 (81.3%) were female and 54 (18.8%) were male. The presentation age range was 18–91 years. The most reported category was benign, which constituted 30.9% of the cases followed by malignancy (27.1%). As for thyroid lesions, papillary carcinoma was the most prevalent (43.6%). The correlation on cyto-histopathology was presented in every diagnostic category, showing high heterogeneity in diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. The overall diagnostic specificity and sensitivity were 56.05% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 47.92–63.95%) and 80.92% (95% CI: 73.13–87.25%), respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 60.57% and 77.88%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Our data suggests that the TBSRTC system promotes similar sensitivity and specificity to those reported elsewhere. It standardizes reporting and improves communication between cytopathologists and clinicians.