bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Golden Proportion
Authors: Reddy Tripuravaram VK , Dhanasekaran Sihivahanan 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
The Golden Proportion has been considered perfect, ideal, and desirable, and it has been used for many years by engineers and architects in studying beauty and in designing patterns and proportions. It has been proposed that the golden proportion is a useful tool for the evaluation of symmetry, dominance, and proportion in the diagnosis of tooth arrangement and in the application of esthetic dental treatment. The golden proportion is an element of design that a dental surgeon should be aware of. An understanding of this enigmatic proportion that has long stood for beauty may provide us with useful guidelines that can be combined with our existing knowledge and applied to our dental work for restoring dental esthetics with reasonable assurance of success.

How to cite this article
Reddy TVK, Dhanasekaran S. The Golden Proportion. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(2):79-83.
Role of Pressure Therapy in the Management of Earlobe Clefts
Authors: Dhiman Meenu , Khatana Rachit , Garg Balram 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Congenital cleft of earlobe is a rare malformation showing a wide range of severity. The surgical closure of the cleft is an indispensable treatment modality but the treatment should be customized according to the situation. The postsurgical cosmetic results are not always satisfactory as they are dependent on the location and amount of deficient tissues. Predictable esthetic results can be achieved by adopting comprehensive treatment protocol including a staged surgery and pressure therapy. The case report describes the provision of pressure therapy with an esthetically pleasing, inexpensive, custom-made ear pressure clip for a patient with recently operated congenital cleft earlobe.

How to cite this article
Sikka N, Bala S, Dhiman M, Khatana R, Garg B. Role of Pressure Therapy in the Management of Earlobe Clefts. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2017;11(2):48-50.
On the benefits of Cross Layer Feedback in Multi-hop Wireless Networks
Authors: Singh Harkirat 
Published: September 2017

Wireless networks operate under harsh and time-varying channel conditions.
In wireless networks the time varying channel conditions lead to variable SINR and high BER.
The wireless channel is
distinct from and more unpredictable than the far more reliable wireline channel.
{\em Cross layer feedback} is a mechanism where layers provide {\em selective} information to other
layers to boost the performance of wireless networks.
{\em Cross layer feedback} can lead to a tremendous increase in the performance
of the TCP/IP stack in wireless networks, and an increase in the user's satisfaction level.
However, it is possible that naive feedbacks (or optimizations) can work non-coherently;
therefore, these can negatively effect the performance of the TCP/IP stack. In this paper, we holistically analyze
each layer of the TCP/IP stack, and propose possible Cross layer feedbacks which work coherently. The proposed Cross layer
feedbacks can greatly enhance the performance of the TCP/IP stack in wireless networks.
Camouflages and Token Manipulations-The Changing Faces of the Nigerian Fraudulent 419 Spammers
Authors: LONGE Olumide Babatope , CHIEMEKE Stella Chinye , ONIFADE Olufade F. Williams , LONGE Folake Adunni 
Published: September 2017

The inefficiencies of current spam filters against fraudulent (419) mails is not unrelated to the use by spammers of good-word
attacks, topic drifts, parasitic spamming, wrong categorization and recategorization of electronic mails by e-mail clients and of
course the fuzzy factors of greed and gullibility on the part of the recipients who responds to fraudulent spam mail offers. In this
paper, we establish that mail token manipulations remain, above any other tactics, the most potent tool used by Nigerian
scammers to fool statistical spam filters. While hoping that the uncovering of these manipulative evidences will prove useful in
future antispam research, our findings also sensitize spam filter developers on the need to inculcate within their antispam
architecture robust modules that can deal with the identified camouflages.
The Use of Stochastic Processes in Bridge Maintenance Optimization
Authors: Aboura Khalid , Samali Bijan , Crews Keith , Li Jianchun 
Published: September 2017

We introduce an approach for modelling the structural deterioration of components of bridges for maintenance optimization
purposes. The Markov chain model is found in the maintenance and repair problems since the early 60's, is introduced to the
maintenance of road infrastructure in the 1980's, and is made to drive the current bridge maintenance optimization systems. While this model results into solvable programming problems and provides a solution, there are a number of criticisms associated with it. We
highlight the shortfalls of the Markov model for bridge lifetime assessment and promote the use of stochastic processes.
Single Channel Wireless EEG: Proposed Application in Train Drivers
Authors: Ridwan Surya Darma , Thompson Robert , Jap Budi Thomas , Lal Sara K , Fischer Peter 
Published: September 2017

Electroencephalography (EEG) can be used as an
indicator of fatigue. Several studies have shown that
slow wave brain activities, delta (0-4 Hz) and theta (4-
8 Hz), increase as an individual becomes fatigued,
while the fast brain activities, alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta
(13-35 Hz), decrease. However, an EEG is a complex
piece of equipment that is generally used in laboratory
based studies. In order to develop a fatigue
countermeasure device for train drivers using EEG,
there is a need for a simple and wireless EEG monitor.
This paper explains the development of a single
channel wireless EEG device.
Exploration of Game Consoles as a legitimate computing platform for in-the-field biomedical data acquisition and management
Authors: Armstrong Christopher , Kavanagh Diarmuid , Lal Sara , Rossiter Peter 
Published: September 2017

Biomedical research increasingly requires for testings be conducted outside the lab, in the field such as the participant’s home or work environment. This type of research requires semi-autonomous computer systems that collect such data and send it back to the lab for processing and dissemination.
A key aspect of this type of research is the selection of the required software and hardware components. These systems need to be reliable, allow considerable customizability and be readily accessible but also able to be locked down.
In this paper we report a set of requirements for the hardware and software for such a system. We then utilise these requirements to evaluate the use of game consoles as a hardware platform in comparison to other hardware choices.
Tracing the origin of the oxygen-consuming organic matter in the hypoxic zone in a large eutrophic estuary: the lower reach of the Pearl River Estuary, China
Authors: Su Jianzhong , Dai Minhan , He Biyan , Wang Lifang , Gan Jianping , Guo Xianghui , Zhao Huade , Yu Fengling 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. We assess the relative contributions of different sources of organic matter, marine vs. terrestrial, to oxygen consumption in an emerging hypoxic zone in the lower Pearl River Estuary (PRE), a large eutrophic estuary located in Southern China. Our cruise, conducted in July 2014, consisted of two legs before and after the passing of Typhoon Rammasun, which completely de-stratified the water column. The stratification recovered rapidly, within 1 day after the typhoon. We observed algal blooms in the upper layer of the water column and hypoxia underneath in bottom water during both legs. Repeat sampling at the initial hypoxic station showed severe oxygen depletion down to 30 µmol kg−1 before the typhoon and a clear drawdown of dissolved oxygen after the typhoon. Based on a three endmember mixing model and the mass balance of dissolved inorganic carbon and its isotopic composition, the δ13C of organic carbon remineralized in the hypoxic zone was −23.2 ± 1.1 ‰. We estimated that 65 ± 16 % of the oxygen-consuming organic matter was derived from marine sources, and the rest (35 ± 16 %) was derived from the continent. In contrast to a recently studied hypoxic zone in the East China Sea off the Changjiang Estuary where marine organic matter dominated oxygen consumption, here terrestrial organic matter significantly contributed to the formation and maintenance of hypoxia. How varying amounts of these organic matter sources drive oxygen consumption has important implications for better understanding hypoxia and its mitigation in bottom waters.
Community climate simulations to assess avoided impacts in 1.5 and 2  °C futures
Authors: Sanderson Benjamin M. , Xu Yangyang , Tebaldi Claudia , Wehner Michael , O'Neill Brian , Jahn Alexandra , Pendergrass Angeline G. , Lehner Flavio , Strand Warren G. , Lin Lei , Knutti Reto , Lamarque Jean Francois 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The Paris Agreement of December 2015 stated a goal to pursue efforts to keep global temperatures below 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels and well below 2 °C. The IPCC was charged with assessing climate impacts at these temperature levels, but fully coupled equilibrium climate simulations do not currently exist to inform such assessments. In this study, we produce a set of scenarios using a simple model designed to achieve long-term 1.5 and 2 °C temperatures in a stable climate. These scenarios are then used to produce century-scale ensemble simulations using the Community Earth System Model, providing impact-relevant long-term climate data for stabilization pathways at 1.5 and 2 °C levels and an overshoot 1.5 °C case, which are realized (for the 21st century) in the coupled model and are freely available to the community. Here we describe the design of the simulations and a brief overview of their impact-relevant climate response. Exceedance of historical record temperature occurs with 60 % greater frequency in the 2 °C climate than in a 1.5 °C climate aggregated globally, and with twice the frequency in equatorial and arid regions. Extreme precipitation intensity is statistically significantly higher in a 2.0 °C climate than a 1.5 °C climate in some specific regions (but not all). The model exhibits large differences in the Arctic, which is ice-free with a frequency of 1 in 3 years in the 2.0 °C scenario, and 1 in 40 years in the 1.5 °C scenario. Significance of impact differences with respect to multi-model variability is not assessed.
Evaluation of high-resolution GRAMM–GRAL (v15.12/v14.8) NOx simulations over the city of Zürich, Switzerland
Authors: Berchet Antoine , Zink Katrin , Oettl Dietmar , Brunner Jürg , Emmenegger Lukas , Brunner Dominik 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Hourly NOx concentrations were simulated for the city of Zürich, Switzerland, at 10 m resolution for the years 2013–2014. The simulations were generated with the nested mesoscale meteorology and micro-scale dispersion model system GRAMM–GRAL (versions v15.12 and v14.8) by applying a catalogue-based approach. This approach was specifically designed to enable long-term city-wide building-resolving simulations with affordable computation costs. It relies on a discrete set of possible weather situations and corresponding steady-state flow and dispersion patterns that are pre-computed and then matched hourly with actual meteorological observations. The modelling system was comprehensively evaluated using eight sites continuously monitoring NOx concentrations and 65 passive samplers measuring NO2 concentrations on a 2-weekly basis all over the city. The system was demonstrated to fulfil the European Commission standards for air pollution modelling at nearly all sites. The average spatial distribution was very well represented, despite a general tendency to overestimate the observed concentrations, possibly due to a crude representation of traffic-induced turbulence and to underestimated dispersion in the vicinity of buildings. The temporal variability of concentrations explained by varying emissions and weather situations was accurately reproduced on different timescales. The seasonal cycle of concentrations, mostly driven by stronger vertical dispersion in summer than in winter, was very well captured in the 2-year simulation period. Short-term events, such as episodes of particularly high and low concentrations, were detected in most cases by the system, although some unrealistic pollution peaks were occasionally generated, pointing at some limitations of the steady-state approximation. The different patterns of the diurnal cycle of concentrations observed in the city were generally well captured as well. The evaluation confirmed the adequacy of the catalogue-based approach in the context of city-scale air pollution modelling. The ability to reproduce not only the spatial gradients but also the hourly temporal variability over multiple years makes the model system particularly suitable for investigating individualized air pollution exposure in the city.
A rare presentation of nutcracker syndrome and it’s vascular managment
Authors: Ahoury Nguessan Judicael , Fatima Adéniké Salami , Ange Patrick Ndja , Nicolas Cavez , Nzi Kouassi Paul 
Published: September 2017

Nutcracker syndrome includes all the symptoms associated with the narrowing of the left renal vein (LRV). That narrowing occurs between the aorta and the Superior Mesenteric Artery (anterior) or vertebra (posterior). The symptoms are various and not specific but the patient sometimes presents hematuria with or without left flank pain. We report a case on a 42 years old woman, who was suffering from left flank pain for a long time aggravated during and after each pregnancy. The diagnosis of nutcracker syndrome was initially omitted. Abdominal pelvic Angio CT and venography were performed. We placed a percutaneous stent in the narrowed portion of the renal vein. The result was successful.
Effets du Réseau d’enseignement prioritaire à Genève : comment mesurer les effets d’un dispositif implanté en plusieurs phases ?
Authors: Soussi Anne , Pini Gianreto 
Published: September 2017

Les précédentes évaluations n’ont pas permis de mettre en évidence des effets de la politique d’éducation prioritaire implantée à Genève (Réseau d’enseignement prioritaire) sur les compétences des élèves, pas plus en les comparant avec celles d’élèves scolarisés dans d’autres établissements ni même d’établissements présentant des caractéristiques sociodémographiques similaires n’ayant pas bénéficié du dispositif. Dans cet article, nous allons explorer une voie inspirée de l’analyse des séries temporelles afin de mesurer les effets d’un dispositif d’éducation prioritaire mis en place de manière progressive et de tenir ainsi compte du temps d’exposition différent des élèves. La méthode utilisée consiste à considérer pour chaque établissement quatre moments différents. Ce plan expérimental permet de répondre aux questions suivantes : Existe-t-il une évolution positive des résultats des élèves après l’introduction du dispositif ? Qu’en est-il deux ans plus tard ?
Health and Economic Outcomes of Offering Buprenorphine in Homeless Shelters in Massachusetts
Authors: Chatterjee Avik , Stewart Emily A. , Assoumou Sabrina A. , Chrysanthopoulou Stavroula A. , Zwick Hana , Harris Rebecca Arden , O’Dea Ryan , Schackman Bruce R. , White Laura F. , Linas Benjamin P. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceOverdose is the leading cause of death among people experiencing homelessness (PEH), but engagement in medication treatment is low in this population. Shelter-based buprenorphine may be a strategy for increasing initiation and retention on lifesaving medications.ObjectiveTo estimate clinical outcomes and conduct an economic analysis of statewide shelter-based opioid treatment in Massachusetts.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis economic evaluation study in Massachusetts used a cohort state-transition simulation model. Two cohorts were modeled starting in 2013, including (1) a closed cohort of a fixed population of PEH with history of high-risk opioid use over their lifetimes and (2) an open cohort in which membership could change over time, allowing assessment of population-level trends over a 10-year period. Data analysis occurred from January 2023 to April 2024.ExposuresModel exposures included (1) no shelter-based buprenorphine (status quo) and (2) offering buprenorphine in shelters statewide.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes included overdose deaths, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained, and health care and modified societal perspective costs. Sensitivity analyses were conducted on key parameters.ResultsIn the closed cohort analysis of 13 800 PEH (mean [SD] age, 40.4 [13.1] years; 8749 male [63.4%]), shelter-based buprenorphine was associated with an additional 65.4 person-weeks taking buprenorphine over an individual’s lifetime compared with status quo. Shelter-based buprenorphine was cost saving when compared with the status quo, with a discounted lifetime cost savings from the health sector perspective of $1300 per person, and 0.2 additional discounted QALYs per person and 0.9 additional life-years per person. In the population-level simulation, 254 overdose deaths were averted over the 10-year period with the shelter-based buprenorphine strategy compared with the status quo (a 9.2% reduction of overdose deaths among PEH in Massachusetts). Overdose-related and other health care utilization undiscounted costs decreased by $3.0 million and $66.4 million, respectively. Shelter-based opioid treatment generated $44.7 million in additional medication and clinical costs, but saved $69.4 million in overdose and other health costs.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this economic evaluation of clinical and economic outcomes among PEH, shelter-based buprenorphine was associated with fewer overdose deaths and was cost saving. These findings suggest that broad rollout of shelter-based buprenorphine may be an important tool in addressing the overdose crisis.
Elucidating the Supramolecular Interaction of Positively Supercharged Fluorescent Protein with Anionic Phthalocyanines
Authors: Saarinen Sharon , Khan Ramsha , Patrian Marta , Fuenzalida‐Werner Juan Pablo , Costa Rubén D. , Zimcik Petr , Novakova Veronika , Ruoko Tero‐Petri , Tkachenko Nikolai V. , Anaya‐Plaza Eduardo , Kostiainen Mauri A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeveloping bioinspired materials to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently is paramount for sustainable energy production. Fluorescent proteins are promising candidates as photoactive materials due to their high fluorescence quantum yield and absorption extinction coefficients in aqueous media. However, developing artificial bioinspired photosynthetic systems requires a detailed understanding of molecular interactions and energy transfer mechanisms in the required operating conditions. Here, the supramolecular self‐assembly and photophysical properties of fluorescent proteins complexed with organic dyes are investigated in aqueous media. Supercharged mGreenLantern protein, mutated to have a charge of +22, is complexed together with anionic zinc phthalocyanines having 4 or 16 carboxylate groups. The structural characterization reveals a strong electrostatic interaction between the moieties, accompanied by partial conformational distortion of the protein structure, yet without compromising the mGreenLantern chromophore integrity as suggested by the lack of emission features related to the neutral form of the chromophore. The self‐assembled biohybrid shows a total quenching of protein fluorescence, in favor of an energy transfer process from the protein to the phthalocyanine, as demonstrated by fluorescence lifetime and ultrafast transient absorption measurements. These results provide insight into the rich photophysics of fluorescent protein–dye complexes, anticipating their applicability as water‐based photoactive materials.
Heterogeneous Structured Nanomaterials from Carbon and Related Materials
Authors: Yin Yankun , Hou Xuyuan , Wu Bingze , Dong Jiajun , Yao Mingguang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeterogeneous structured nanomaterials can be considered as a class of advanced materials that integrate multiple phases, different elements, or components into a single nanoscale structure. For such materials, the different phases, components and their interactions are highly variable and tunable, which open a new avenue for the creation of new materials with unique properties unattainable by the corresponding single‐phase materials. In this review, heterogeneous structured nanomaterials constructed by different carbon allotropes are focused. Due to the unique bonding ability of carbon element, the diverse heterogeneous structures constructed by carbon structures with different dimensions possess distinctive structures and exhibit fascinating properties, providing unprecedented opportunities for various application fields, including electronic/optoelectronic devices, superhard materials, etc. This review provides a systematic elaboration for carbon‐based heterogeneous structured nanomaterials, highlighting their dimension‐dependent structural diversity, unique properties, and application prospects.
Pulling the Rug Out from Under: Biomechanical Microenvironment Remodeling for Induction of Hepatic Stellate Cell Quiescence
Authors: Wang Haobo , You Qing , Kang Bei , Jing Huaqing , Shi Zhiyuan , Krizkova Sona , Heger Zbynek , Adam Vojtech , Chen Xiaoyuan , Li Nan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHepatic fibrosis progresses concomitantly with a variety of biomechanical alternations, especially increased liver stiffness. These biomechanical alterations have long been considered as pathological consequences. Recently, growing evidence proposes that these alternations result in the fibrotic biomechanical microenvironment, which drives the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Here, an inorganic ascorbic acid‐oxidase (AAO) mimicking nanozyme loaded with liquiritigenin (LQ) is developed to trigger remodeling of the fibrotic biomechanical microenvironment. The AAO mimicking nanozyme is able to consume intracellular ascorbic acid, thereby impeding collagen I deposition by reducing its availability. Simultaneously, LQ inhibits the transcription of lysyl oxidase like 2 (LOXL2), thus impeding collagen I crosslinking. Through its synergistic activities, the prepared nanosystem efficiently restores the fibrotic biomechanical microenvironment to a near‐normal physiological condition, promoting the quiescence of HSCs and regression of fibrosis. This strategy of remodeling the fibrotic biomechanical microenvironment, akin to “pulling the rug out from under”, effectively treats hepatic fibrosis in mice, thereby highlighting the importance of tissue biomechanics and providing a potential approach to improve hepatic fibrosis treatment.