bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
With Some Help From Others' Hands: Iconic Gesture Helps Semantic Learning in Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Vogt Susanne S. , Kauschke Christina 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Semantic learning under 2 co-speech gesture conditions was investigated in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and typically developing (TD) children. Learning was analyzed between conditions.

Method
Twenty children with SLI (aged 4 years), 20 TD children matched for age, and 20 TD children matched for language scores were taught rare nouns and verbs. Children heard the target words while seeing either iconic gestures illustrating a property of the referent or a control gesture focusing children's attention on the word. Following training, children were asked to define the words' meaning. Responses were coded for semantic information provided on each word.

Results
Performance of the SLI and age-matched groups proved superior to that of the language-matched group. Overall, children defined more words taught with iconic gestures than words taught with attention-getting gestures. However, only children with SLI, but not TD children, provided more semantic information on each word taught with iconic gestures. Performance did not differ in terms of word class.

Conclusions
Results suggest that iconic co-speech gestures help both children with and without SLI learn new words but, in particular, assist children with SLI understand and reflect the words' meaning.
Insulated power supply for gate drivers up to 40 kV for medium‐voltage direct current applications
Authors: Sarrazin Benoit , Hanna Rachelle , Lefranc Pierre , Am Sokchea , Dumas Florian , Lavieville Jean‐Paul 
Published: November 2017

The proposed study is about the design and experimental results of a power supply for gate drivers that can sustain 40 kV of insulation voltage with a parasitic capacitance of 4 pF. The first section focuses on insulation materials suitable for medium voltage capabilities and therefore to justify the use of polyesterimide and Teflon polytetrafluoroethylene materials. In a second step, experimental results are provided to guaranty that with a thickness of 1 mm of the insulation material, an insulation voltage of 40 kV is provided. Then, a DC–DC converter based on a series‐series topology is designed and lead to a physical prototype of 5 W. The measured parasitic capacitance is 4 pF between the primary and the secondary sides.
Implementation of real-time probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) for differentiation of colorectal polyps during routine colonoscopy
Authors: Belderbos Tim , van Oijen Martijn , Moons Leon , Siersema Peter 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background and aims Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is used to differentiate between neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal polyps during colonoscopy. We aimed to assess the accuracy of two endoscopists starting to use real-time pCLE for differentiation of colorectal polyps and to determine the negative predictive value (NPV) for neoplasia in polyps ≤ 5 mm.
Methods Patients undergoing colonoscopy in a tertiary hospital were included in this prospective trial. After a training session, two colonoscopists assessed 50 polyps between August 2012 and April 2014. They sequentially used narrow-band imaging (NBI) and real-time pCLE to differentiate non-adenomatous, adenomatous, and carcinomatous polyps during colonoscopy. Histologic diagnosis by a gastrointestinal pathologist was the gold standard. Results were compared to post-hoc pCLE by a panel of gastroenterologists and pathologists.
Results The accuracy of real-time pCLE was 76 %, compared to 73 % for NBI, and was not significantly different between the first 50 cases (74 %) and the last 50 cases (78 %, P = 0.64). The accuracy in polyps > 5 mm was 87 % versus 59 % in polyps ≤ 5 mm (P = 0.04) and increased from 45 % (13/29) in poor quality images to 86 % (44/51) in fair quality images and 95 % (19/20) in good quality images (P < 0.01). The post-hoc pCLE accuracy was 62 %. The NPV for polyps ≤ 5 mm was 58 % for real-time pCLE and 54 % for post-hoc pCLE.
Conclusion Although a fair accuracy of real-time pCLE for differentiation of colorectal polyps can be achieved within 50 cases, low NPV and difficulty in obtaining high-quality pCLE images hamper implementation in routine clinical practice.
Die Rolle der optimalen Belastung
Authors: Couppé Christian , Visnes Håvard , Magnusson Peter 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
CHRONISCHE ENTZÜNDUNG DER ACHILLES- UND PATELLASEHNE Lange Zeit schien
festzustehen, dass Übungsprogramme mit isolierter exzentrischer Belastung bei
Tendinopathien zu guten klinischen Ergebnissen führen. Dieses Paradigma steht
inzwischen jedoch in Frage: Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zu morphologischen und
pathologischen Eigenschaften von Sehnen weisen darauf hin, dass exzentrisches
Training womöglich nicht immer der alleinige Heilsbringer ist.
Costs of a Practice‐based Air Quality Regulation: Dairy Farms in the San Joaquin Valley
Authors: Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFacing the difficulty of accurately measuring pollution from agriculture, economists have recommended regulatory approaches using proxies such as management practices to reduce agricultural pollution. Using farm‐level cost data on a panel of dairy farms, I estimate the effects of a practice‐based air quality regulation for dairy farms in the San Joaquin Valley in California. As opposed to ex ante analyses, my econometric results indicate that the air quality regulation has not significantly affected the total costs of milk production. Estimates also suggest that the regulation might have differential effects on different elements of costs. I support the econometric findings with evidence on how dairy farms comply with the regulation. Calculated adoption rates of different pollution‐mitigation practices using administrative data reveal that dairy farms have mainly adopted labor‐intensive practices to comply with the regulation.
Acute Systemic Complications of Convulsive Status Epilepticus—A Systematic Review
Authors: Sutter Raoul , Dittrich Tolga , Semmlack Saskia , Rüegg Stephan , Marsch Stephan , Kaplan Peter W. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
Status epilepticus is a neurologic emergency with high morbidity and mortality requiring neurointensive care and treatment of systemic complications. This systematic review compiles the current literature on acute systemic complications of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in adults and their immediate clinical impact along with recommendations for optimal neurointensive care.

Data Sources:
We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library for articles published between 1960 and 2016 and reporting on systemic complications of convulsive status epilepticus.

Study Selection:
All identified studies were screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers.

Data Extraction:
Key data were extracted using standardized data collection forms.

Data Synthesis:
Thirty-two of 3,046 screened articles were included. Acute manifestations and complications reported in association with generalized convulsive status epilepticus can affect all organ systems fueling complex cascades and multiple organ interactions. Most reported complications result from generalized excessive muscle contractions that increase body temperature and serum potassium levels and may interfere with proper and coordinated function of respiratory muscles followed by hypoxia and respiratory acidosis. Increased plasma catecholamines can cause a decay of skeletal muscle cells and cardiac function, including stress cardiomyopathy. Systemic complications are often underestimated or misinterpreted as they may mimic underlying causes of generalized convulsive status epilepticus or treatment-related adverse events.

Conclusions:
Management of generalized convulsive status epilepticus should center on the administration of antiseizure drugs, treatment of the underlying causes, and the attendant systemic consequences to prevent secondary seizure-related injuries. Heightened awareness, systematic clinical assessment, and diagnostic workup and management based on the proposed algorithm are advocated as they are keys to optimal outcome.
Trunk Exercises Improve Gait Symmetry in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Hubble Ryan P. , Naughton Geraldine , Silburn Peter A. , Cole Michael H. 
Published: November 2017

Objective
Deficits in step-to-step symmetry and trunk muscle activations have been linked to falls in Parkinson disease. Given such symptoms are poorly managed with anti-parkinsonian medications, alternate therapies are needed. This blind phase II randomized controlled trial sought to establish whether exercise can improve step-to-step symmetry in Parkinson disease.

Design
Twenty-four Parkinson disease patients with a falls history completed baseline assessments of symptom severity, balance confidence, mobility, and quality of life. Step-to-step symmetry was assessed by deriving harmonic ratios from three-dimensional accelerations collected for the head and trunk. Patients were randomly assigned to either 12 wks of exercise and falls prevention education or falls prevention education only. Both groups repeated the baseline tests 12 and 24 wks after the initial assessment. The Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number is ACTRN12613001175763.

Results
At 12 wks, the exercise group had statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in anterior-posterior step-to-step trunk symmetry. In contrast, the education group recorded statistically significant and clinically meaningful reductions in medial-lateral and vertical step-to-step trunk symmetry at 12 wks.

Conclusions
Given that step-to-step symmetry improved for the exercise group and declined for the education group after intervention, active interventions seem more suited to increasing independence and quality of life for people with Parkinson disease.

To Claim CME Credits
Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME

CME Objectives
Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to do the following: (1) Describe the effect deficits in trunk muscle function have on gait in individuals with Parkinson disease; (2) Identify the benefits of targeted trunk exercises on step-to-step symmetry; and (3) Discuss the benefits of improving step-to-step symmetry in individuals with Parkinson disease.

Level
Advanced

Accreditation
The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 0.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Avian thermoregulation in the heat: phylogenetic variation among avian orders in evaporative cooling capacity and heat tolerance
Authors: Smit Ben , Whitfield Maxine C. , Talbot William A. , Gerson Alexander R. , McKechnie Andrew E. , Wolf Blair O. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLittle is known about the phylogenetic variation of avian evaporative cooling efficiency and heat tolerance in hot environments. We quantified thermoregulatory responses to high air temperature (Ta) in ~100-g representatives of three orders: African cuckoo (Cuculus gularis, Cuculiformes), lilac-breasted roller (Coracias caudatus, Coraciiformes), and Burchell’s starling (Lamprotornis australis, Passeriformes). All three species initiated respiratory mechanisms to increase evaporative heat dissipation when body temperature (Tb) approached 41.5°C in response to increasingTa, with gular flutter observed in cuckoos and panting in rollers and starlings. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and evaporative water loss (EWL) increased by quantitatively similar magnitudes in all three species, although maximum rates of EWL were proportionately lower in starlings. Evaporative cooling efficiency [defined as the ratio of evaporative heat loss (EHL) to metabolic heat production (MHP)] generally remained below 2.0 in cuckoos and starlings, but reached a maximum of ~3.5 in rollers. The high value for rollers reveals a very efficient evaporative cooling mechanism, and is similar to EHL/MHP maxima for similarly sized columbids which very effectively dissipate heat via cutaneous evaporation. This unexpected phylogenetic variation among the orders tested in the physiological mechanisms of heat dissipation is an important step toward determining the evolution of heat tolerance traits in desert birds.Summary statementWe show that avian evaporative cooling efficiency and heat tolerance display substantial taxonomic variation that are, unexpectedly, not systematically related to the use of panting versus gular flutter processes.
Histone Deacetylase 11 is an ε-N-Myristoyllysine Hydrolase
Authors: Moreno-Yruela Carlos , Galleano Iacopo , Madsen Andreas S. , Olsen Christian A. 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYHistone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes are important regulators of diverse biological function, including gene expression, rendering them potential targets for intervention in a number of diseases, with a handful of compounds approved for treatment of certain hematologic cancers. Among the human zinc-dependent HDACs, the most recently discovered member, HDAC11, is the only member assigned to subclass IV, the smallest protein, and the least well understood with regards to biological function. Here we show that HDAC11 cleaves long chain acyl modifications on lysine side chains with remarkable efficiency compared to acetyl groups. We further show that several common types of HDAC inhibitors, including the approved drugs romidepsin and vorinostat, do not inhibit this enzymatic activity. Macrocyclic hydroxamic acid-containing peptides, on the other hand, potently inhibit HDAC11 demyristoylation activity. These findings should be taken carefully into consideration in future investigations of the biological function of HDAC11 and will serve as a foundation for the development of selective chemical probes targeting HDAC11.
Development of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays allowing molecular detection ofEchinococcus felidis, Echinococcus granulosussensu stricto, andEchinococcus canadensisin carnivore feces samples, animal and human hydatid cyst material from Uganda and Kenya
Authors: Kopp Katharina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFirst evaluations on field samples, including carnivore feces, animal and human hydatid cyst material from Uganda and Kenya, showed specific amplification of two target regions of the mitochondrial genome ofEchinococcusspecies according to melt and high-resolution melt curve analyses of the developed real-time PCR assays. Consecutive sequencing of PCR products revealed that, apart fromEchinococcus felidis, sequences of two other tapeworm species,Echinococcus granulosussensu stricto andEchinococcus canadensis, which are also endemic in East Africa, were detected by the developed real-time PCR assays.
Impact of sequence variant detection and bacterial DNA extraction methods on the measurement of microbial community composition in human stool
Authors: Hughes Riley , Alkan Zeynep , Keim Nancy L. , Kable Mary E. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe human gut microbiome has been widely studied in the context of human health and metabolism, however the question of how to analyze this community remains contentious. This study compares new and previously well established methods aimed at reducing bias in bioinformatics analysis (QIIME 1 and DADA2) and bacterial DNA extraction of human fecal samples in 16S rRNA marker gene surveys.ResultsAnalysis of a mock DNA community using DADA2 identified more chimeras (QIIME 1: 0.70% of total reads vs DADA2: 1.96%), fewer sequence variants, (QIIME 1: 1297.4 + 98.88 vs. DADA2: 136.27 + 11.35, mean + SD) and correct taxa at a higher resolution of classification (i.e. genus-level) than open reference OTU picking in QIIME 1. Additionally, the extraction of whole cell mock community bacterial DNA using four commercially available kits resulted in varying DNA yield, quality and bacterial community composition. Of the four kits compared, ZymoBIOMICS DNA Miniprep Kit provided the greatest yield, with a slight enrichment of Enterococcus. However, QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit resulted in the highest DNA quality. Mo Bio PowerFecal DNA Kit had the most dramatic effect on the mock community composition, resulting in an increased proportion of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and genus Eshcerichia as well as members of genera Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas. The presence of a sterile fecal matrix had a slight, but inconsistent effect on the yield, quality and taxa identified after extraction with all four DNA extraction kits. Extraction of bacterial DNA from native stool samples revealed a distinct effect of the DNA stabilization reagent DNA/RNA Shield on community composition, causing an increase in the detected abundance of members of orders Bifidobacteriales, Bacteroidales, Turicibacterales, Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales.ConclusionThese results confirm that the DADA2 algorithm is superior to sequence clustering by similarity to determine microbial community structure. Additionally, commercially available kits used for bacterial DNA extraction from fecal samples have some effect on the proportion of high abundance members detected in a microbial community, but it is less significant than the effect of using DNA stabilization reagent, DNA/RNA Shield.
Detection of cytosolicShigella flexnerivia a C-terminal triple-arginine motif of GBP1 inhibits actin-based motility
Authors: Piro Anthony S. , Hernandez Dulcemaria , Luoma Sarah , Feeley Eric. M. , Finethy Ryan , Yirga Azeb , Frickel Eva M. , Lesser Cammie F. , Coers Jörn 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDynamin-like guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) are gamma interferon (IFNγ)-inducible host defense proteins that can associate with cytosol-invading bacterial pathogens. Mouse GBPs promote the lytic destruction of targeted bacteria in the host cell cytosol but the antimicrobial function of human GBPs and the mechanism by which these proteins associate with cytosolic bacteria are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that human GBP1 is unique amongst the seven human GBP paralogs in its ability to associate with at least two cytosolic Gram-negative bacteria,Burkholderia thailandensisandShigella flexneri.Rough lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutants ofS. flexnerico-localize with GBP1 less frequently than wildtypeS. flexneri, suggesting that host recognition of O-antigen promotes GBP1 targeting to Gram-negative bacteria. The targeting of GBP1 to cytosolic bacteria, via a unique triple-arginine motif present in its C-terminus, promotes the co-recruitment of four additional GBP paralogs (GBP2, GBP3, GBP4 and GBP6). GBP1-decoratedShigellareplicate but fail to form actin tails leading to their intracellular aggregation. Consequentially, wildtype but not the triple-arginine GBP1 mutant restrictsS. flexnericell-to-cell spread. Furthermore, human-adaptedS. flexneri,through the action of one its secreted effectors, IpaH9.8, is more resistant to GBP1 targeting than the non-human-adapted bacillusB. thailandensis. These studies reveal that human GBP1 uniquely functions as an intracellular ‘glue trap’ inhibiting the cytosolic movement of normally actin-propelled Gram-negative bacteria. In response to this powerful human defense programS. flexnerihas evolved an effective counter-defense to restrict GBP1 recruitment.ImportanceSeveral pathogenic bacterial species evolved to invade, reside and replicate inside the cytosol of their host cells. One adaptation common to most cytosolic bacterial pathogens is the ability to co-opt the host’s actin polymerization machinery, in order to generate force for intracellular movement. This actin-based motility enables Gram-negative bacteria such asShigellato propel themselves into neighboring cells thereby spreading from host cell to host cell without exiting the intracellular environment. Here, we show that the human protein GBP1 acts as a cytosolic ‘glue trap’ capturing cytosolic Gram-negative bacteria through a unique protein motif and preventing disseminated infections in cell culture models. To escape from this GBP1-mediated host defense,Shigellaemploys a virulence factor that prevents or dislodges the association of GBP1 with cytosolic bacteria. Thus, therapeutic strategies to restore GBP1 binding toShigellamay lead to novel treatment options for shigellosis in the future.
Intermittent Ca2+signals mediated by Orai1 regulate basal T cell motility
Authors: Dong Tobias X. , Othy Shivashankar , Greenberg Milton L. , Jairaman Amit , Akunwafo Chijioke , Leverrier Sabrina , Yu Ying , Parker Ian , Dynes Joseph L. , Cahalan Michael D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCa2+influx through Orai1 channels is crucial for several T cell functions, but a role in regulating basal cellular motility has not been described. Here we show that inhibition of Orai1 channel activity increases average cell velocities by reducing the frequency of pauses in human T cells migrating through confined spaces, even in the absence of extrinsic cell contacts or antigen recognition. Utilizing a novel ratiometric genetically encoded cytosolic Ca2+indicator, Salsa6f, which permits real-time monitoring of cytosolic Ca2+along with cell motility, we show that spontaneous pauses during T cell motility in vitro and in vivo coincide with episodes of cytosolic Ca2+signaling. Furthermore, lymph node T cells exhibited two types of spontaneous Ca2+transients: short-duration “sparkles” and longer duration global signals. Our results demonstrate that spontaneous and self-peptide MHC-dependent activation of Orai1 ensures random walk behavior in T cells to optimize immune surveillance.
Identification of Tumor-Reactive B Cells and Systemic IgG in Breast Cancer Based on Clonal Frequency in the Sentinel Lymph Node
Authors: McDaniel Jonathan R. , Pero Stephanie C. , Voss William N. , Shukla Girja S. , Sun Yujing , Schaetzle Sebastian , Lee Chang-Han , Horton Andrew P. , Harlow Seth , Gollihar Jimmy , Ellefson Jared W. , Krag Christopher C. , Tanno Yuri , Sidiropoulos Nikoletta , Georgiou George , Ippolito Gregory C. , Krag David N. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTA better understanding of antitumor immune responses is key to advancing the field of cancer immunotherapy. Endogenous immunity in cancer patients, such as circulating anticancer antibodies or tumor-reactive B cells, has been historically yet incompletely described. Here, we demonstrate that tumor-draining (sentinel) lymph node (SN) is a rich source for tumor-reactive B cells that give rise to systemic IgG anticancer antibodies circulating in the bloodstream of breast cancer patients. Using a synergistic combination of high-throughput B-cell sequencing and quantitative immunoproteomics, we describe the prospective identification of tumor-reactive SN B cells (based on clonal frequency) and also demonstrate an unequivocal link between affinity-matured expanded B-cell clones in the SN and antitumor IgG in the blood. This technology could facilitate the discovery of antitumor antibody therapeutics and conceivably identify novel tumor antigens. Lastly, these findings highlight the unique and specialized niche the SN can fill in the advancement of cancer immunotherapy.SIGNIFICANCEUsing high-throughput molecular cloning and antibody proteomics to study coordinated antitumor immunity in breast cancer patients, we simultaneously demonstrate that the sentinel lymph node is a localized source of expanded antitumor B cells undergoing affinity maturation and that their secreted antibodies are abundant as systemic IgG circulating in blood.