bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of maternal and fetal LEPR common variants with maternal glycemic traits during pregnancy
Authors: Lin Rong , Ju Hongfang , Yuan Ziyu , Zeng Liangliang , Sun Yuantian , Su Zhenyu , Yang Yajun , Wang Yi , Jin Li 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecent studies suggested that maternal and placental leptin receptor (LEPR) may be involved in maternal glucose metabolism in pregnancy. To identify maternal and fetal LEPR common variants influencing gestational glycemic traits, we performed association study of 24-28-week maternal fasting glucose, glucose 1 hour after the consumption of a 50-g oral glucose load, fasting insulin and indices of beta-cell function (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 1,112 unrelated women and their children. Follow-up of 36 LEPR loci identified 3 maternal loci (rs10889567, rs1137101 and rs3762274) associated with fasting glucose, these 3 fetal loci associated with fasting insulin and HOMA1-IR, as well as these 3 maternal-fetal loci combinations associated with HOMA2-β. We also demonstrated association of maternal locus rs7554485 with HOMA2-β and HOMA2-IR, maternal locus rs10749754 with fasting glucose, fetal locus rs10749754 with HOMA2-IR. However, these associations were no longer statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. In conclusion, our results first revealed multiple associations between maternal and fetal LEPR common variants and gestational glycemic traits. These associations did not survive Bonferroni correction. These corrections are overly conservative for association studies. We therefore believe the influence of these nominally significant variants on gestational glycometabolism will be confirmed by additional studies.
Schistosomiasis in Children in the Philippines: Beyond Health Issues
Authors: Torres Mario , Luyon-Tabo Hazel , Salibay Steven , Cabanacan-Salibay Cristina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article aims to discuss the issues about Schistosoma japonicum infection in the Philippines based on the research findings of previous studies. This includes reviews about the nature of schistosomiasis, with emphasis on its effects on children. The review also discusses the mode of transmission of the parasite, etiology, and epidemiology, and relates these factors to the persistence of S. japonicum as a major health problem in the Philippines. The efforts, preventive measures, and recommended actions of the government are also mentioned and have been taken into consideration in strengthening the eradication measures against S. japonicum. This review further analyzes the risk factors associated with the infected individuals. Some measures and practices that may contribute to the prevention of S. japonicum infection are highlighted.
Renal Toxicity Presenting with a Fracture in an HIV Positive Adolescent
Authors: Thoon Koh , Chao Sing , Wee Liang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTenofovir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor commonly used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children and adolescents. We report a case of an HIV-positive adolescent male who had been treated with an antiretroviral regimen consisting of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) with a stable CD4 count. Two and a half years after starting tenofovir, he experienced a right third metatarsal shaft fracture after minor trauma, which was treated successfully with a cast. He was found to have osteopenia for which he was treated with oral phosphate and calcium/vitamin D supplementation. Three months later, he then presented with severe hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, glycosuria, and proteinuria, which were consistent with a diagnosis of acquired Fanconi's syndrome. Subsequently, his electrolyte abnormalities were corrected with replacement of potassium, phosphate, and bicarbonate (Shohl's solution). His antiretroviral regimen was switched to abacavir/lamivudine and raltegravir. Acquired Fanconi's syndrome is a known but uncommon adverse effect of treatment with tenofovir, and an awareness that it can cause osteopenia and present with fractures can alert the physician to manage and prevent this potentially serious side effect.
Trisomy 18 Pregnancies: Is there an Increased Maternal Risk?
Authors: Senz Kayli , Humphrey Whitney , Lee Vanessa , Caughey Aaron , Dotters-Katz Sarah 
Published: June 2017

Objective Characterize the impact of a trisomy 18 (T18) fetus on maternal and obstetric outcomes in a cohort including T18-affected deliveries.
Study Design Retrospective cohort study of singleton deliveries in California from 2005 to 2008 using linked vital statistics and the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9) data to compare deliveries affected by T18 to those without known aneuploidy. Outcomes of interest included gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm delivery (PTD), preeclampsia, cesarean delivery (CD), and intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD). The χ2 and paired t-tests were used to compare the outcomes. Multiple logistic regression was used to further characterize these risks and control potential confounders.
Results Of 2,029,000 deliveries, 298 involved T18. Compared with unaffected deliveries, T18 was associated with GDM (10.7 vs. 6.5%, p = 0.003), PTD < 37 (40.6 vs. 9.9%, p < 0.001) and < 32 weeks (14.8 vs. 1.4%, p < 0.001), and cesarean section (56 vs. 30.2%, p < 0.001), but not preeclampsia. In adjusted analyses, T18 pregnancies were associated with an increased risk of PTD < 37 and < 32 weeks (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 5.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.29, 6.99; AOR: 10.4, 95% CI: 7.26, 14.8), and an increased odd of CD for primiparous and multiparous women (AOR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.48, 3.91; AOR: 5.42, 95% CI: 3.90, 7.53). Risk of GDM did not persist.
Conclusion Unlike trisomy 13 (T13), pregnancies complicated by fetal T18 did not appear to result in an increased risk of preeclampsia. However, there is an increased risk of a range of other obstetric complications.
Neurological Outcome at 30 Months of Age after Mild Hypothermia via Selective Head Cooling in Term Neonates with Perinatal Asphyxia Using Low-Cost CoolCap: A Single-Center Randomized Control Pilot Trial in India
Authors: Sarkar Nirmalya , Bhattacharya Mala , Basu Suprit , Sanyal Debashish , Chatterjee Anish , Aich Bholanath , Chatterjee Kaushani , Das Suman 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of mild systemic hypothermia by selective head cooling in hospital born neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy using low-cost CoolCap. The primary outcome was to determine whether selective head cooling reduces neonatal mortality and neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) at > 30 months of age. The secondary outcome was to determine the serious adverse effects during selective head cooling such as thrombocytopenia requiring platelets transfusion, renal and hepatic dysfunction, bradycardia, hypoglycemia, and dyselectrolytemia (hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and hypocalcemia). This is a single-center randomized control trial. The risk ratios, risk differences, and numbers needed to treat plus 95% confidence interval (CI) were measured. This study was done at the tertiary care perinatal center. Inborn neonates with ≥ 37 completed weeks of gestation with indicators of perinatal asphyxia and moderate to severe clinical encephalopathy were randomly allocated to hypothermia (n = 30) or standard care (n = 30) groups. The neonates were subjected to mild systemic hypothermia via selective head cooling using ice caps, the target rectal temperature being 34 to 35°C for 72 hours. Therapeutic hypothermia reduced the risk of death and NDD at ≥ 30 months of age: 6 of 30 infants (20%) in the hypothermia group and 18 of 30 infants (60%) in the control group died or had a NDD at ≥ 30 months (risk ratio: 0.33 [95% CI: 0.15–0.72]; p = 0 0.0015). The mortality rate decreased, and the survival rate free of any sensorineural disability increased. The benefits were statistically significant in moderately asphyxiated infants. Adverse effects of hypothermia were minimal. Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia in term asphyxiated neonates is safe and inexpensive in low-resource setting. Hypothermia showed statistically significant reduction in mortality and NDD at ≥ 30 months of age when commenced within 6 hours of birth and was not associated with serious adverse effects. The Institutional Clinical Trial Registry number is CNMC/ETHI/317/P.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incidence, Characteristics, and Outcomes in Neonatal Down Syndrome Patients
Authors: Haque Urbee , Miao Yongjie , Backes Carl , Cua Clifford 
Published: June 2017

Introduction Neonates with Down syndrome (nDS) have multiple medical issues that may place them at an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The goal of this study was to determine the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of nDS patients that developed NEC.
Methods Data from the Pediatric Health Information Systems database on all nDS were reviewed. Demographics, medical conditions, development of NEC, and mortality were recorded. Patients were divided into nDS patients who developed NEC (nDS-NEC) versus nDS patients who did not develop NEC (nDS-nNEC).
Results Incidence of NEC in nDS patients was 6.6% (381/5,737). Baseline demographic data indicated nDS-NEC patients were more likely to be born earlier, have a diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, Ebstein's anomaly, or a left-sided obstructive lesion versus nDS-nNEC patients. The odds ratio for death in the nDS-NEC patients was 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.8–3.3) versus the nDS-NEC patients.
Conclusion The incidence of NEC in nDS patients requiring admission to a children's hospital after birth is much higher than that reported for term infants. Baseline characteristics differ in nDS patients that may place them at a higher risk for NEC. nDS-NEC patients have an increased morbidity and a significantly higher mortality compared with the nDS-nNEC patients.
Wachstumsfaktorenkonzentration im Kulturüberstand von Keratozyten mit humanem Serum in vitro
Authors: Szentmáry Nóra , Stachon Tanja , Wu Ming-Feng , Bischoff Mona , Huber Manuela , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Anwendung von Serumaugentropfen (AS) stellt eine alternative Behandlungsmethode für therapieresistente korneale Epitheldefekte dar. Bei persistierenden Epitheldefekten könnten Zytokine, die von Keratozyten im Stroma produziert werden, eine entscheidende Rolle bei der epithelialen Wundheilung spielen. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1), Keratinocyte Growth Factor (KGF), Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) und Fibroblast Growth Factor basic (FGFb) im Kulturüberstand von Keratozyten mit humanem Serum (HS) in vitro zu untersuchen.
Material und Methoden Serumaugentropfen von 10 Patienten wurden nach der Standardmethode der LIONS Hornhautbank Saar-Lor-Lux präpariert und bei − 80 °C tiefgefroren. Primäre humane Keratozyten wurden durch enzymatische Behandlung mit Kollagenase A (1 mg/ml) aus humanen Korneoskleralscheiben isoliert (n = 1) und in DMEM/Hamʼs Kulturmedium, versetzt mit 5% fetalem Kälberserum (FCS), kultiviert. Für den Testansatz wurden die Keratozyten mit 15 oder 30% HS (in DMEM/F14 ohne FCS) inkubiert und nach 24 h die Konzentration von TGF-β1, KGF, HGF und FGFb mittels Enzyme-linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA) aus dem Kulturüberstand bestimmt. Als Kontrolle wurden 15 oder 30% HS ohne Keratozyten nach 24 h Inkubationszeit (unter den gleichen Bedingungen wie die Keratozyten) verwendet.
Ergebnisse Die HGF-Konzentration mit beiden HS-Konzentrationen war im Kulturüberstand von Keratozyten signifikant höher, im Vergleich zur HS-Kontrolle (ohne Keratozyten) nach 24 h Inkubationszeit (p < 0,01). Die FGFb-Konzentration war im Kulturüberstand mit 30% HS signifikant höher im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe ohne Keratozyten nach 24 Stunden Inkubationszeit (p < 0,01). Die TGF-β1- und KGF-Konzentrationen im Kulturüberstand blieben durch die Keratozyten unverändert.
Schlussfolgerungen Durch die Anwesenheit von Keratozyten steigt die Konzentration von HGF und FGFb im Kulturmedium mit humanem Serum innerhalb von 24 Stunden an. Diese Konzentrationsänderungen könnten die Wundheilung bei Epitheldefekten beeinflussen.
Sensible Neuronopathie – Fallberichte und Review
Authors: Buchner Helmut 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDie sensible Neuronopathie ist klinisch gekennzeichnet durch Sensibilitätsstörungen dominant des Vibrations- und Lageempfindens, verursachend eine sensible Ataxie. Neurophysiologisch ist sie charakterisiert durch den Ausfall der sensiblen Nervenleitung bei normaler motorischer Neurografie. Neuropathologisch besteht eine Degeneration der Hinterstrangganglien. Eine „small fibre“ Neuropathie mit neuropathischen Schmerzen ist häufig. Neben hereditären und toxischen Ursachen sind Tumorerkrankungen (paraneoplastisch) und das Sjögren-Syndrom häufig, allerdings bleibt in rund der Hälfte aller Fälle die Ursache ungeklärt. Ist die Ursache behandelbar kann eine Verschlechterung verhindert werden und in wenigen Fällen kommt es zu Verbesserungen. An Fallberichten wird die sehr variable klinische Präsentation und der Verlauf der Erkrankung vorgestellt. Die Kriterien zur Differenzialdiagnose einer Polyneuropathie werden erklärt. Ein pragmatisches Vorgehen für die Suche nach der Ursache wird vorgeschlagen.
DEIsoM: a hierarchical Bayesian model for identifying differentially expressed isoforms using biological replicates
Authors: Peng Hao , Yang Yifan , Zhe Shandian , Wang Jian , Gribskov Michael , Qi Yuan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMotivationHigh-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a powerful tool for quantifying gene expression. Identification of transcript isoforms that are differentially expressed in different conditions, such as in patients and healthy subjects, can provide insights into the molecular basis of diseases. Current transcript quantification approaches, however, do not take advantage of the shared information in the biological replicates, potentially decreasing sensitivity and accuracy.ResultsWe present a novel hierarchical Bayesian model called Differentially Expressed Isoform detection from Multiple biological replicates (DEIsoM) for identifying differentially expressed (DE) isoforms from multiple biological replicates representing two conditions, e.g. multiple samples from healthy and diseased subjects. DEIsoM first estimates isoform expression within each condition by (1) capturing common patterns from sample replicates while allowing individual differences, and (2) modeling the uncertainty introduced by ambiguous read mapping in each replicate. Specifically, we introduce a Dirichlet prior distribution to capture the common expression pattern of replicates from the same condition, and treat the isoform expression of individual replicates as samples from this distribution. Ambiguous read mapping is modeled as a multinomial distribution, and ambiguous reads are assigned to the most probable isoform in each replicate. Additionally, DEIsoM couples an efficient variational inference and a post-analysis method to improve the accuracy and speed of identification of DE isoforms over alternative methods. Application of DEIsoM to an hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) dataset identifies biologically relevant DE isoforms. The relevance of these genes/isoforms to HCC are supported by principal component analysis (PCA), read coverage visualization, and the biological literature.Availability and implementationThe software is available at https://github.com/hao-peng/DEIsoMSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
National Study of Excellence and Innovation in Physical Therapist Education: Part 1—Design, Method, and Results
Authors: Jensen Gail M. , Nordstrom Terrence , Mostrom Elizabeth , Hack Laurita M. , Gwyer Janet 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching commissioned the Preparation for the Professions Program, a qualitative study of professional education in 5 professions: medicine, nursing, law, engineering, and clergy. These studies identified curricular structures, instructional practices, assessment approaches, and environmental characteristics that support the preparation of professionals and led to educational reforms. The physical therapy profession has not had any in-depth, national investigation of physical therapist education since the Catherine Worthingham studies conducted more than 50 years ago.

Objectives
This research was a Carnegie-type study, investigating elements of excellence and innovation in academic and clinical physical therapist education in the United States.

Design
Five physical therapist education researchers from across the United States used a qualitative multiple-case study design.

Methods
Six academic and 5 clinical programs were selected for the study. The academic institutions and clinical agencies studied were diverse in size, institutional setting, geography, and role in residency education. Qualitative case studies were generated from review of artifacts, field observations, and interviews (individual and focus group), and they provided the data for the study.

Results
A conceptual framework grounded in 3 major dimensions was generated, with 8 supporting elements: (1) culture of excellence (shared beliefs and values, leadership and vision, drive for excellence, and partnerships), (2) praxis of learning (signature pedagogy, practice-based learning, creating adaptive learners, and professional formation), and (3) organizational structures and resources.

Conclusion
Building on the work of the Carnegie Foundation's Preparation for the Professions Program, a conceptual model was developed, representing the dimensions and elements of excellence in physical therapist education that is centered on the foundational importance of a nexus of linked and highly valued aims of being learner centered and patient centered in all learning environments, both academic and clinical.
Measuring the Sensitivity of Parameter Estimates to Estimation Moments*
Authors: Andrews Isaiah , Gentzkow Matthew , Shapiro Jesse M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe propose a local measure of the relationship between parameter estimates and the moments of the data they depend on. Our measure can be computed at negligible cost even for complex structural models. We argue that reporting this measure can increase the transparency of structural estimates, making it easier for readers to predict the way violations of identifying assumptions would affect the results. When the key assumptions are orthogonality between error terms and excluded instruments, we show that our measure provides a natural extension of the omitted variables bias formula for nonlinear models. We illustrate with applications to published articles in several fields of economics.
Exosomes From Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect the Myocardium Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Cui Xiaojun , He Zhangyou , Liang Zihao , Chen Zhenyi , Wang Haifeng , Zhang Jiankai 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted exosomes exert a cardioprotective role in jeopardized myocardium. However, the specific effects and underlying mechanisms of exosomes derived from adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remain largely unclear. In this study, ADMSC-derived exosomes (ADMSCs-ex) were administrated into the rats subjected to I/R injury and H9c2 cells exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Consequently, administration of ADMSCs-ex significantly reduced I/R-induced myocardial infarction, accompanied with a decrease in serum levels of creatine kinase-myocardial band, lactate dehydrogenase, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Simultaneously, ADMSCs-ex dramatically antagonized I/R-induced myocardial apoptosis, along with the upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of Bax, and inhibition of Caspase 3 activity in rat myocardium. Similarly, ADMSCs-ex significantly reduced cell apoptosis and the expression of Bax, but markedly increased cell viability and the expression of Bcl-2 and Cyclin D1 under H/R. Furthermore, ADMSCs-ex observably induced the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by attenuating I/R- and H/R-induced inhibition of Wnt3a, p-GSK-3β (Ser9), and β-catenin expression. Importantly, treatment with Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV939 partly neutralized ADMSC-ex–induced antiapoptotic and prosurvival effects in H9c2 cells. In conclusion, we confirmed that ADMSCs-ex protect ischemic myocardium from I/R injury through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Management of Corneal Scarring Secondary to Herpes Zoster Keratitis
Authors: Hassan Omar M. , Farooq Asim V. , Soin Ketki , Djalilian Ali R. , Hou Joshua H. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To review the management of visually significant corneal scarring secondary to herpes zoster keratitis (HZK).

Methods:
Literature review.

Results:
Management options for visually significant corneal scarring secondary to HZK include scleral contact lenses, photorefractive or phototherapeutic keratectomy, lamellar keratoplasty, penetrating keratoplasty, and keratoprosthesis. Many authors recommend tarsorrhaphy in at-risk patients at the time of corneal transplantation. Most published studies either did not mention or did not use systemic antivirals at the time of surgery. Longer quiescent periods before surgical intervention may be associated with increased rates of graft survival. Reports of HZK recurrence after live-attenuated vaccine administration suggest that risks and benefits of the vaccine should be carefully considered. Overall, the prognosis of surgical intervention for corneal scarring due to HZK relies on appropriate patient selection and measures to ensure ocular surface stability. There remains a serious risk of ocular surface instability and corneal melt in these patients. Unfortunately, there is a lack of prospective studies in this area to guide clinical management.

Conclusions:
Patients with visually significant corneal scarring secondary to HZK may have good outcomes with the appropriate medical and surgical considerations, particularly in the absence of active ocular surface disease and inflammation. Those with active disease may benefit from delaying surgical intervention until a satisfactory quiescent period has been achieved. Prospective studies, such as the proposed Zoster Eye Disease Study, are imperative for validating these principles and determining evidence-based management guidelines.