bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ultrasonic shot peening on microstructure and properties of Cu-Ti alloy
Authors: Huang ZiXin , Liu Lingling , Wang Xiang , Zhang Yang , Li Xiaoxian , Zhang Xuehui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Modified surface layers with refined grain size and high microhardness characteristics were prepared on Cu-Ti alloy using ultrasonic shot peening (USP) by controlling the shot diameter. The phase structure and organization morphology of the modified layer were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance were systematically characterized. The results showed that the comprehensive surface properties of the sample was optimized at a shot diameter of 3.0 mm. The average grain size was refined to 12.4 nm under the high-frequency impact of steel balls. Owing to the grain refinement and work hardening, the surface microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the sample was significantly improved. Among these, the surface microhardness of the sample was enhanced from 257.68 HV0.1 to 313.51 HV0.1, the volume wear rate was decreased from 0.3305 um2 N−1 to 0.1707 um2 N−1, and the self-corrosion current density was also decreased from 1.658 × e−5 mA μm−2 to 4.053 × e−6 mA μm−2. It is proved that USP is one of the effective methods for preparing Cu-Ti alloys with excellent surface properties.
7-axis synchronization-integrated on-the-fly laser texturing system of freeform surface: design and development
Authors: Ma Wenqi , Zhang Jinmiao , Zhao Liang , Hu Zhenjiang , Zhao Xuesen , Sun Tao , Zhang Junjie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
While laser surface texturing (LST) is a promising manufacturing technique for surface functionalization, simultaneously realizing high precision and high efficiency in the LST of complex curved surface is challenging, due to continuously varied geometries of laser-matter incidence. In the present work, we propose a novel manufacturing system of 7-axis on-the-fly LST for complex curved surface, based on the integrated synchronization of 5-axis linkage motion platform with 2-axis galvanometer. Specifically, the algorithm for decomposing spatial texture trajectory on curved surface into low-frequency and high-frequency parts is established, based on which the kinematic model of synchronized 7-axis system is developed to derive the motion of each axis in both 5-axis linkage motion platform and 2-axis galvanometer simultaneously. Subsequently, the synchronized 7-axis LST system is experimentally realized, including the setup of mechanical stages integrated with optical path, the configuration of numerical control unit, and the development of processing software. Finally, case study of 7-axis on-the-fly LST of freeform aluminum surface is performed, and the advantages in terms of processing efficiency and texturing accuracy over 5-axis linkage LST are demonstrated. The correlation of reduced following errors between mechanical stages with the promoted performance of curved surface texturing by the 7-axis on-the-fly LST is further analyzed. Current work provides a feasible solution for establishing the manufacturing system for high performance LST of complex curved surface.
Artificial hearing systems based on functional cochlea models
Authors: Chang Jinke , Clark Sita Tarini , Roberts Iwan , Hrncirik Filip , Zhang Zhipeng , Bance Manohar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The cochlea is one of the most complex organs in the human body, exhibiting a complex interplay of characteristics in acoustic, mechanical, electrical, and biological functions. Functional cochlea models are an essential platform for studying hearing mechanics and are crucial for developing next-generation auditory prostheses and artificial hearing systems for sensorineural hearing restoration. Recent advances in additive manufacturing, organ-on-a-chip models, drug delivery platforms, and artificial intelligence have provided valuable insights into how to manufacture artificial cochlea models that more accurately replicate the complex anatomy and physiology of the inner ear. This paper reviews recent advancements in the applications of advanced manufacturing techniques in reproducing the physical, biological, and intelligent functions of the cochlea. It also outlines the current challenges to developing mechanically, electrically, and anatomically accurate functional models of the inner ear. Finally, this review identifies the major requirements and outlook for impactful research in this field going forward. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation, these functional cochlea models are poised to drive significant advancements in hearing treatments, and ultimately enhance the quality of life for individuals with hearing loss.
Positioning errors and accuracy of CNC machine tools
Authors: El Melegy A , Younes M A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Computerized numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools are a solid foundation for modern industrial manufacturing. These machines provide linear and angular displacements in three or five axes. The accuracy of moving and positioning the tooltip relative to the work part’s surface determines the final product’s accuracy. Errors due to machine positioning can be linear or angular or both. This work studies the positioning errors of a vertical turning center CNC machine type. This machine has three axes, two linear X (horizontal) and Z (vertical), and one rotation axis ‘C’. The travel of the spindle carrying the cutting tool along the X-axis is 1400 mm, and the travel of the carriage holding the spindle along the Z-axis is 1300 mm divided into six latches. The machine rotary table which carries the work part can rotate 360°. A highly precise laser interferometer system determines the linear positioning errors in both the X and Z axes. The angular positioning errors for the ‘C’ rotation axis are determined accurately by an autocollimator system. The positioning error measurements are carried out based on ISO 230–2 as a measurement standard of positioning deviation, accuracy, and repeatability. The collected error measurements in linear displacements and angular rotation are analyzed, interpreted, and compared with manufacturer specifications and ISO 13041–4 allowable tolerances.
Layered high-entropy sulfides: boosting electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction by cocktail effects
Authors: Lin Ling , Ding Ziming , Karkera Guruprakash , Diemant Thomas , Chen Dong-Hui , Fichtner Maximilian , Hahn Horst , Aghassi-Hagmann Jasmin , Breitung Ben , Schweidler Simon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study explores high-entropy sulfides (HESs) as potential electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Novel Pa-3 and Pnma structured HESs containing Fe, Mn, Ni, Co and Mo, were synthesized via a facile mechanochemical method. Structural and chemical properties were extensively characterized using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic performance of four as-prepared HESs in alkaline electrolyte for HER reveals the remarkable outperformance compared to medium-entropy and conventional sulfides. Particularly, (Fe0.2Mn0.2Ni0.2Co0.2Mo0.2)S2 demonstrated outstanding activities, with minimal overpotentials (187 mV at 10 mA cm–2) and outstanding durability under harsh alkaline conditions (a mere polarization increase ΔE = 17 mV after 14 h via chronopotentiometry). The remarkable catalytic activities can be attributed to synergistic effects resulting from the cocktail effects within the high-entropy disulfide. The introduction of Mo contributes to the formation of a layered structure, which leads to an increased surface area and thus to a superior HER performance compared to other HES and conventional sulfides. This work demonstrates the promising potential of HES and underscores that further development for catalytic applications paves the way for innovative routes to new and more efficient active materials for HER catalysis.
Ernst Mach
Authors: Beiser Frederick C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter is a reexamination of Ernst Mach. It argues that the reasons for Mach’s fame lie less in his achievements for science but in his skepticism about the achievements of science. Mach was skeptical about the finality and authority claimed for science; he was a critic especially of the dogmatism of science. Although his work on mechanics is seen as the model of scientific exposition and method, Mach was extremely skeptical of the claims made for mechanics. Mach was an early advocate of the history of science, claiming that history was the key for an understanding of a scientific theory. This chapter also examines Mach’s theory of sensation; his empiricism and his critique of atomism. The final section is a critical account of Lenin’s critique of Mach.
motifbreakR v2: expanded variant analysis including indels and integrated evidence from transcription factor binding databases
Authors: Coetzee Simon G , Hazelett Dennis J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Motivation
motifbreakR scans genetic variants against position weight matrices of transcription factors (TFs) to determine the potential for the disruption of binding at the site of the variant. It leverages the Bioconductor suite of software packages and annotations to query a diverse array of genomes and motif databases. Initially developed to interrogate the effect of single-nucleotide variants on TF binding sites, in motifbreakR v2, we have updated the functionality.

Results
New features include the ability to query other types of complex genetic variants, such as short insertions and deletions. This capability allows modeling a more extensive array of variants that may have significant effects on TF binding. Additionally, predictions based on sequence preference alone can indicate many more potential binding events than observed. Adding information from DNA-binding sequencing datasets lends confidence to motif disruption prediction by demonstrating TF binding in cell lines and tissue types. Therefore, motifbreakR can directly query the ReMap2022 database for evidence that a TF matching the disrupted motif binds over the disrupting variant. Finally, in motifbreakR, in addition to the existing interface, we implemented an R/Shiny graphical user interface to simplify and enhance access to researchers with different skill sets.

Availability and implementation
motifbreakR is implemented in R. Source code, documentation, and tutorials are available on Bioconductor at https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/motifbreakR.html and GitHub at https://github.com/Simon-Coetzee/motifBreakR.
EuDockScore: Euclidean graph neural networks for scoring protein–protein interfaces
Authors: McFee Matthew , Kim Jisun , Kim Philip M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Protein–protein interactions are essential for a variety of biological phenomena including mediating biochemical reactions, cell signaling, and the immune response. Proteins seek to form interfaces which reduce overall system energy. Although determination of single polypeptide chain protein structures has been revolutionized by deep learning techniques, complex prediction has still not been perfected. Additionally, experimentally determining structures is incredibly resource and time expensive. An alternative is the technique of computational docking, which takes the solved individual structures of proteins to produce candidate interfaces (decoys). Decoys are then scored using a mathematical function that assess the quality of the system, known as scoring functions. Beyond docking, scoring functions are a critical component of assessing structures produced by many protein generative models. Scoring models are also used as a final filtering in many generative deep learning models including those that generate antibody binders, and those which perform docking.

Results
In this work, we present improved scoring functions for protein–protein interactions which utilizes cutting-edge Euclidean graph neural network architectures, to assess protein–protein interfaces. These Euclidean docking score models are known as EuDockScore, and EuDockScore-Ab with the latter being antibody–antigen dock specific. Finally, we provided EuDockScore-AFM a model trained on antibody–antigen outputs from AlphaFold-Multimer (AFM) which proves useful in reranking large numbers of AFM outputs.

Availability and implementation
The code for these models is available at https://gitlab.com/mcfeemat/eudockscore.
Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib versus dupilumab in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: week 16 results of an open-label randomized efficacy assessor-blinded head-to-head phase IIIb/IV study (Level Up)
Authors: Silverberg Jonathan I , Bunick Christopher G , Hong H Chih-ho , Mendes-Bastos Pedro , Stein Gold Linda , Costanzo Antonio , Ibrahim Nadia , Sancho Cristina , Wu Xiaoqiang , Han Yu , Levy Gweneth , Altman Kathy , Calimlim Brian , Eyerich Kilian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by intense itch and eczematous skin lesions. Some patients with AD continue to experience flares and substantial clinical burden, despite ongoing systemic treatment.

Objectives
To assess the efficacy and safety of once-daily upadacitinib (UPA), initiated at 15 mg and dose-escalated to 30 mg based on clinical response, compared with dupilumab (DUPI) as per its label, and present the week 16 primary analysis results.

Methods
Level Up is a phase IIIb/IV global randomized open-label efficacy assessor-blinded study evaluating UPA vs. DUPI in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe AD who had an inadequate response to systemic therapy or when use was inadvisable. Patients were randomized to UPA or DUPI for 16 weeks of treatment (period 1). Patients on UPA were started on 15 mg and dose-escalated to 30 mg if they did not achieve an Eczema Area and Severity Index reduction of at least 50% (EASI 50) or a ≥ 4-point Worst Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (WP-NRS) improvement on or after week 4, or an EASI reduction of at least 75% (EASI 75) on or after week 8. The primary endpoint was simultaneous achievement of an EASI reduction of at least 90% (EASI 90) and WP-NRS 0/1 at week 16. Ranked secondary endpoints included skin and itch responses at varying response levels and timepoints. Safety measures were assessed throughout the study.

Results
Superior efficacy in achieving simultaneous EASI 90 and WP-NRS 0/1 response at week 16 was demonstrated with UPA vs. DUPI (19.9% vs 8.9%, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). UPA showed superiority over DUPI for all ranked secondary endpoints, with post hoc analyses exhibiting higher itch response rates as early as day 2. No new safety signals were identified in this period.

Conclusions
Treatment of moderate-to-severe AD with UPA, initiated at 15 mg and dose-escalated based on clinical response, demonstrated superiority over DUPI per its label for the primary endpoint of simultaneous achievement of near-complete skin clearance (EASI 90) and little-to-no itch (WP-NRS 0/1) at week 16, with all ranked secondary endpoints demonstrating superiority at varying skin and itch response levels and timepoints. No new safety signals were identified vs. the previously reported safety profiles of UPA and DUPI.
Relationship between CT-derived cervical muscle mass and quality, systemic inflammation, and survival in symptomatic patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Bradley Nicholas A , Dosanj Karamonique , Chan Sharon Yen Ming , Wilson Alasdair , Siddiqui Tamim , Forsythe Rachel , Roxburgh Campbell S D , McMillan Donlad C , Guthrie Graeme J K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Sarcopenia appears to be associated with inferior outcomes in surgical conditions. Chronic systemic inflammation confers an inferior long-term prognosis in cardiovascular disease and is associated with the development of sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to describe the prognostic role of sarcopenia assessed using computed tomography (CT)-derived body composition analysis and systemic inflammation in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis between 1 January 2011 and 1 October 2021 at four referral centres were included. The C3 skeletal muscle index and C3 skeletal muscle density were recorded from preoperative CT images. Systemic inflammation was assessed using the preoperative systemic inflammatory grade (SIG). The primary outcome was overall mortality during the study interval.

Results
A total of 618 patients were included, with a median follow-up of 69 (interquartile range 34–85) months. On univariable analysis, age greater than or equal to 75 years (P &lt; 0.001), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade greater than II (P &lt; 0.001), low C3 skeletal muscle index (P = 0.002), low C3 skeletal muscle density (P &lt; 0.001), SIG greater than or equal to 2 (P &lt; 0.001), and low L3 derived skeletal muscle index (P &lt; 0.001) were associated with increased mortality, whereas body mass index greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2 was associated with decreased mortality (P = 0.023). On multivariable analysis, age 75 years or older (HR 2.17 (95% c.i. 1.58 to 2.97), P &lt; 0.001), ASA grade greater than II (HR 2.06 (95% c.i. 1.35 to 3.12), P &lt; 0.001), low C3 skeletal muscle density (HR 1.84 (95% c.i. 1.33 to 2.54), P &lt; 0.001), and SIG greater than or equal to 2 (HR 1.63 (95% c.i. 1.33 to 1.99), P &lt; 0.001) were independently associated with increased mortality.

Conclusion
Cervical CT-derived muscle mass and density, and markers of systemic inflammation, such as systemic inflammatory grade, may be associated with an inferior long-term prognosis after carotid endarterectomy.
Longitudinal association of depressive symptoms with cognition and neuroimaging biomarkers in cognitively unimpaired older adults, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hu Ying , Zhu Ting , Yuan Minlan , Zhu Hongru , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We aimed to longitudinally examine the relationship between depression and cognitive function and investigate the mediating effects of imaging indicators in this relationship. 2,251 subjects with longitudinal assessment of geriatric depression scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Clinical Dementia Rating–Sum of Boxes (CDRSB), Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale11, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale13 and imaging of 3DT1, diffusion tensor imaging, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, arterial spin labeling, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, 18F-AV45-PET, and 18F-AV1451-PET were included from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. The multivariate mixed-effects models were employed to analyze the correlation between geriatric depression scale scores, cognitive function, and imaging indicators. The sgmediation software package was utilized to analyze the mediating effects of imaging indicators. The geriatric depression scale was negatively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and positively correlated with CDRSB, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale11, and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale13 when the subjects were not grouped. The geriatric depression scale was negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment and positively correlated with Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scal13 in groups with baseline diagnosis of early mild cognitive impairment and late mild cognitive impairment. Furthermore, depression was associated with regional imaging indicators, while cognitive function was linked to broad imaging indicators. Some of these indicators were related to both depression and cognitive function, playing a mediating role in their relationship. Depression was related to cognitive function, especially in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Some imaging indicators may represent the underlying basis for the association between depression and cognitive function.
Short- and long-term outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiac arrest: a nationwide cohort study 2013–22
Authors: Jortveit Jarle , Andersen Geir Øystein , Halvorsen Sigrun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
To assess short- and long-term outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) or in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in a nationwide cohort.

Methods and results
Cohort study of AMI patients admitted to hospitals in Norway 2013–22 registered in the Norwegian Myocardial Infarction Registry. Outcomes were in-hospital and long-term mortality. Cumulative mortality was assessed with the Kaplan–Meier and the life-table methods. Cox regression was used for risk comparisons. Among 105 439 AMI patients (35% women), we identified 3638 (3.5%) patients with OHCA and 2559 (2.4%) with IHCA. The mean age was 65.7 (13.2), 70.9 (12.6), and 70.7 (13.6) years for OHCA, IHCA, and AMI without cardiac arrest (CA), respectively. The median follow-up time was 3.3 (25th, 75th percentile: 1.1, 6.3) years. In-hospital mortality was 28, 49, and 5%, in OHCA, IHCA, and AMI without CA, and the estimated 5-year cumulative mortality was 48% [95% confidence interval (CI) 46–50%], 69% (95% CI 67–71%), and 35% (95% CI 34–35%), respectively. Among patients surviving to hospital discharge, no significant difference in mortality during follow-up was found between OHCA and AMI without CA [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.04, 95% CI 0.96–1.13], while the long-term mortality of AMI patients with IHCA was higher (age-adjusted HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.19–1.45).

Conclusion
In this large, contemporary cohort of AMI patients, in-hospital mortality of patients with OHCA or IHCA was still high. Among patients surviving to hospital discharge, long-term mortality was comparable between OHCA and AMI without CA, while the outcome of patients with IHCA was significantly worse.