bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a novel Mediterranean Haemaphysalis (Ornithophysalis) doenitzi group tick species infesting Falco eleonorae on Antikythira Island, Greece
Authors: Chitimia-Dobler Lidia , Barboutis Christos , Bounas Anastasios , Kassara Christina , Mans Ben J. , Saratsis Anastasios 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEleonora's falcon (Falco eleonorae Géné, 1839) is a well-known long-distance migrant of the Afro-Palaearctic flyway, a summer breeder of the Mediterranean region and North-west Africa and a winter resident of Madagascar and surrounding areas, thus characterized as a double endemic. Within the context of a long-term monitoring and conservation programme on Antikythira Island, Greece, which accommodates one of the largest concentrations of breeding pairs of Eleonora's falcons globally, birds were subjected to regular inspections for the presence of ticks from 2017 to 2023. In total, 104 adults and 149 nymphs (all belonging to Haemaphysalis genus) were collected. All ticks, apart from 2 nymphs, exhibited broadly salient palpi and did not possess the pronounced palpal segment 2 spurs or spur-like angles that are characteristic of adults, nymphs and most larvae of Rhipistoma, thus placed them in the Ornithophysalis subgenus. Following comprehensive morphological assessment and genetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome by means of next-generation sequencing of both adult and nymphal stages of the ticks, our empirical findings substantiate the delineation of a previously unclassified species. This taxonomic assignment situates the newly described species within the Ornithophysalis subgenus and the Haemaphysalis doenitzi group, marking its presence for the first time within the Western Palaearctic region.
Neurodevelopmental predictors of treatment response in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Iftimovici Anton , Krebs Emma , Dalfin William , Legrand Adrien , Scoriels Linda , Martinez Gilles , Bendjemaa Narjes , Duchesnay Edouard , Chaumette Boris , Krebs Marie-Odile 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundTreatment resistance is a major challenge in psychiatric disorders. Early detection of potential future resistance would improve prognosis by reducing the delay to appropriate treatment adjustment and recovery. Here, we sought to determine whether neurodevelopmental markers can predict therapeutic response.MethodsHealthy controls (N = 236), patients with schizophrenia (N = 280) or bipolar disorder (N = 78) with a known therapeutic outcome, were retrospectively included. Age, sex, education, early developmental abnormalities (obstetric complications, height, weight, and head circumference at birth, hyperactivity, dyslexia, epilepsy, enuresis, encopresis), neurological soft signs (NSS), and ages at first subjective impairment, clinical symptoms, treatment, and hospitalization, were recorded. A supervised algorithm leveraged NSS and age at first clinical signs to classify between resistance and response in schizophrenia.ResultsDevelopmental abnormalities were more frequent in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder than in controls. NSS significantly differed between controls, responsive, and resistant participants with schizophrenia (5.5 ± 3.0, 7.0 ± 4.0, 15.0 ± 6.0 respectively, p = 3 × 10−10) and bipolar disorder (5.5 ± 3.0, 8.3 ± 3.0, 12.5 ± 6.0 respectively, p < 1 × 10−10). In schizophrenia, but not in bipolar disorder, age at first subjective impairment was three years lower, and age at first clinical signs two years lower, in resistant than responsive subjects (p = 2 × 10−4 and p = 9 × 10−3, respectively). Age at first clinical signs and NSS accurately predicted treatment response in schizophrenia (area-under-curve: 77 ± 8%, p = 1 × 10−14).ConclusionsNeurodevelopmental features such as NSS and age of clinical onset provide a means to identify patients who may require rapid treatment adaptation.
Pathological personality dimensions and neurobiological emotional reactivity
Authors: Barkley Sarah B. , Feldman Jacob , Levy Adina , Grieshaber Alex , Nelson Brady D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) offers a promising framework to identify the neurobiological mechanisms of psychopathology. Many forms of psychopathology are characterized by dysfunctional emotional reactivity. The late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential component that provides an index of neurobiological emotional reactivity. Several categorical disorders have demonstrated a similar association with the emotion-modulated LPP. It is possible that higher-order dimensional representations of psychopathology might explain the comparable results. The present study examined the association between HiTOP-consistent pathological personality dimensions across multiple levels of the hierarchy and neurobiological emotional reactivity.MethodsThe sample included 215 18–35-year-old adults (86% female) who were oversampled for psychopathology. Participants completed the emotional interrupt task while electroencephalography was recorded to examine the LPP. Participants also completed the Comprehensive Assessment of Traits relevant to Personality Disorders to assess pathological personality.ResultsAt the spectra level, higher negative emotionality was associated with a larger emotion-modulated LPP, while higher detachment was associated with a smaller emotion-modulated LPP. There were no associations between higher-order psychopathology levels and the emotion-modulated LPP. Compared to categorical diagnoses, spectra-level personality pathology dimensions significantly improved the prediction of the emotion-modulated LPP.ConclusionsThe present study indicates that HiTOP spectra levels of negative emotionality and detachment demonstrate unique associations with neurobiological emotional reactivity. The study highlights the utility of examining dimensional and hierarchical, rather than categorical, representations of psychopathology in the attempt to identify the neurobiological origins of psychopathology.
Treatment as a moderator and executive function as a mediator of the effect of a mindfulness ecological momentary intervention for generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Zainal Nur Hani , Newman Michelle G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundTheory and research indicated that executive functioning (EF) correlated with, preceded, and stemmed from worry in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The present secondary analysis (Zainal & Newman, 2023b) thus determined whether EF domains mediated the effect of a 14-day (5 prompts/day) mindfulness ecological momentary intervention (MEMI) against a self-monitoring control (SM) for GAD.MethodParticipants (N = 110) diagnosed with GAD completed self-reported (Attentional Control Scale, GAD Questionnaire, Perseverative Cognitions Questionnaire) and performance-based tests (Letter-Number Sequencing, Stroop, Trail Making Test-B, Verbal Fluency) at baseline, post-treatment, and one-month follow-up (1MFU). Causal mediation analyses determined if pre-post changes in EF domains preceded and mediated the effect of MEMI against SM on pre-1MFU changes in GAD severity and trait repetitive negative thinking (RNT).ResultsMEMI was more efficacious than SM in improving pre–post inhibition (β = −2.075, 95% [−3.388, −0.762], p = .002), working memory (β = 0.512, 95% [0.012, 1.011], p = .045), and set-shifting (β = −2.916, 95% [−5.142, −0.691], p = .010) but not verbal fluency and attentional control. Within groups, MEMI but not SM produced improvements in all examined pre–post EF outcomes except attentional control. Only pre–post improvements in inhibition mediated the effect of MEMI against SM on pre-1MFU reductions in GAD severity (β = −0.605, 95% [−1.357, −0.044], p = .030; proportion mediated = 7.1%) and trait RNT (β = −0.024, 95% [−0.054, −0.001], p = .040; proportion mediated = 7.4%). These patterns remained after conducting sensitivity analyses with non-linear mediator-outcome relations.ConclusionsOptimizing MEMI for GAD might entail specifically boosting inhibition plausibly by augmenting it with dialectical behavioral therapy, encouraging high-intensity physical exercises, and targeting negative emotional contrast avoidance.
Exploring collaborative writing among large groups in online distance learning through a public forum and private chat tool
Authors: Mei Fang , Ma Qing , Tang Jinlan , Zou Bin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study explored how collaborative writing, an often-used instructional strategy in second language (L2) learning, intersects with large-group dynamics, and investigated their potential impact on the quality of writing outcomes in an online distance learning course. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research scrutinized intra-group interaction processes in two large groups undertaking a computer-assisted language learning writing assignment and evaluated the impact of these interaction processes on their writing products. Data from discussions in both a public online forum and a private social communication platform (WeChat) were collected, systematically coded, and analysed quantitatively and qualitatively based on language functions. Data collection also included an assessment of the written products and follow-up group interviews. The findings indicate distinct interaction patterns between high-performing and low-performing groups, characterised by an expert/participant pattern and a dominant/passive pattern, respectively. Additionally, insights from the interviews shed light on these interaction patterns and the potential impact on student learning outcomes. The study suggests practical implications, highlighting the importance of task design in promoting high levels of collaborative knowledge construction to enhance students’ writing skills and L2 language learning in large-group settings.
L2 learner experiences in a playful constructivist metaverse space
Authors: Lee Sangmin-Michelle , Ahn Tae youn 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study creates a virtual space for language learning using a user-customizable metaverse platform and explores its potential for EFL learning. To this end, a virtual learning space, grounded in constructivist learning principles – contextualized learning, active learning, and collaborative learning – was created on a 2D metaverse platform. The metaverse was designed as a simulated deserted island for enjoyable and playful learning, allowing the students to actively explore, discover, and interact as they look for clues to escape the island. For educational application, 29 Korean middle school students participated in a two-hour activity. Data included screen recordings of student activities, student surveys, and interviews with the students and teachers. The findings showed that, as an EFL learning space of playful constructivism, the metaverse had great potential to embed contextualized learning and served as a medium for active learning that positively affected student interest and motivation. The results confirmed that the team-based approach combined with a game-like metaverse fostered student collaboration. Overall, the study showcased how language instructors can make use of a customizable metaverse for L2 learning and how a virtual space may serve as an arena for learner-centered instruction.
A Dynamic Forecast: An Evolving Prediction of the 2024 Presidential Election
Authors: Lindsay Spencer C. , Allen Levi G. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
In this article, we build a model to predict the state-level results of the 2024 election. We do so by using both polling from similar points in past election cycles and the results of the previous election. Notably, we update our model over time, and the coefficients of the two variables change as a result: the model puts more weight on polling as the election gets closer. As of September 1, 2024, we find that Kamala Harris is a narrow favorite to win the 2024 election, with a 57% chance of doing so. Currently, the model predicts she will win 289 electoral votes to Trump’s 249. However, there remains significant uncertainty, and the model will continue to be updated as the election nears.
Introduction to Forecasting the 2024 US Elections
Authors: Mongrain Philippe , Stegmaier Mary 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
This Special Issue presents a wide array of election forecasting models for the 2024 US elections. Most of these models generate forecasts for the presidential, congressional, and gubernatorial races. The contributions are characterized by the variety of their approaches: citizen forecasting, electronic markets, large language models, machine learning, poll-based models, and regression analysis. This introduction first summarizes some of the lessons and challenges of election forecasting. We then provide a brief context of the 2024 campaign and a short overview of the articles included in the Special Issue. The forecasts point to a tight presidential race. The two-party popular-vote predictions are almost evenly split, with some favoring Donald Trump and others Kamala Harris. However, among the models that offer an Electoral College forecast, three predict that Harris will win and five predict that Trump will return to the presidency.
Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Posthumous Dignity Therapy Schedule of Questions to Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Bennemann Ana Carolina Kotinda , Paiva Carlos Eduardo , Julião Miguel , Chochinov Harvey Max , Marques Céline , Costa Ricardo Filipe Alves , Oliveira Lívia Costa , Uchida Miwa Michelle , Trevizan Fulvio Bergamo , Valentino Talita Caroline de Oliveira , Paiva Bianca Sakamoto Ribeiro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesDignity Therapy (DT) is a brief form of psychotherapy that helps people with life-threatening illnesses and their loved ones cope with emotional pain and demoralization. Unfortunately, not everyone has the opportunity to receive DT during their lifetime. Posthumous Dignity Therapy (PDT) was then devised to be administered to bereaved family members. However, PDT has not yet been validated or studied in the specific cultural and linguistic context of Portuguese-Brazilians. This study aims to fill this gap by validating PDT for the Portuguese (Brazilian) context.MethodsUsing Beaton’s methodology, including the processes of translation, synthesis, back-translation, evaluation by an expert committee, and pre-testing, the PDT Schedule of Questions underwent validation and cultural adaptation. The research was conducted in a Palliative Care Unit at a tertiary cancer hospital in Brazil.ResultsThe questionnaire was translated, back-translated, and evaluated by the panel of experts, obtaining a Content Validity Index of 0.97. During the pretest phase, it was observed that the participant’s interview method needed to be changed from remote (telephone or videoconference) to in-person. Additionally, it was necessary to modify some terms related to death and dying, as they caused discomfort to the participants. As a result of this process, the PDT was modified, and adapted to the Brazilian cultural and linguistic reality.Significance of resultsThis validation study will be significant for future DT research from the caregivers’ perspective and for projects aiming to implement this therapeutic modality in palliative care units, in addition to helping participants remember their loved ones better by providing a tangible legacy document that assists them emotionally and materially in coping with the grieving process.
Feasibility of mechanical rice transplanting in organic Italian rice system
Authors: Fogliatto Silvia , Zafferoni Giuseppe , Zefelippo Mario , De Palo Fernando , Airoldi Gianfranco , Dinuccio Elio , Vidotto Francesco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Rice cultivation in Italy is usually performed by direct seeding in flooded or in dry fields. Mechanical rice transplanting is a technique that can help control weeds and improve rice competition. To test the feasibility of the technique for different rice varieties in Italy, a study was conducted in the Lombardy region (northwest Italy), from 2016 to 2018. The study also evaluated the efficacy of hoeing in transplanted rice fields. The experiment consisted of two studies, a ‘field plot experiment’ (conducted from 2017 to 2018) and an ‘on-farm transplanting trial’ (conducted from 2016 to 2018). The ‘field plot experiment’ was carried out using a split plot design to determine the optimal transplanting distances within the row (12 or 17 cm) and the most suitable rice varieties for transplanting. Hoeing was performed once in 2017 and twice in 2018. Weed infestation was assessed by counting the number of weeds within a randomly placed square frame in the interrow areas, both before and after hoeing. Rice plant density, panicle density, yield, and yield components were also assessed. The ‘on-farm transplanting trial’ tested transplanting in several farms over the years. Different rice varieties were transplanted using the same machines, and hoeing was performed according to a predetermined schedule. Transplanter performance was assessed as well as rice yield data in all fields, while four fields were selected each year to assess hoeing efficacy against weeds. ANOVAs were used to test the differences in weed control and rice parameters among varieties and transplanting distances. The ‘field plot experiment’ showed that the transplanting distance did not affect weeds or rice variety. Transplanting at 12 cm within the row resulted in a higher plant density compared to 17 cm, however tillering compensated for the difference in the number of panicles. Carnaroli consistently recorded the lowest yield, less than 2 t ha−1, while Selenio, Spillo, and Laser seemed to be better suited for transplanting achieving the highest yield in 2018 (about 7 ha−1). In the ‘on-farm transplanting experiment’ hoeing was effective in controlling weeds, although the machineries used were not always able to function properly in saturated soil. Most of the transplanted field yielded approximately 3 to 5 t ha−1. Varieties with round grain exhibited the greatest yield variability among fields. The study suggests that to achieve a high yield in organic rice, the transplanting technique should be combined with an effective interrow tillage to control weeds.
Design of compact signal source with reduced phase noise for airborne pulse Doppler RF sensor
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Ghosh Jayanta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, a low phase noise signal source to be used as local oscillator in pulse Doppler radio frequency (PDRF) sensor is proposed. Innovative design techniques for realization of the low phase noise frequency source using phase-locked loop (PLL) and dielectric resonator (DR) are presented. Qualitative investigations have been carried out on the effect of phase noise in PDRF sensor performance. An X-band vibration resistant PLL-based frequency source with phase noise better than −95 dBc at 1 kHz frequency offset has been designed here. It also presents the design of a 7.6 GHz low phase noise, vibration resistant DR oscillator. Systematic analysis of the key design aspects, their thermal-vibrational stability, and ease of integration with hybrid microwave integrated circuits have been disclosed. A prototype board is fabricated, assembled in a compact mechanical enclosure of dimension 55 × 55 × 15 mm3. Finally, developed module is experimentally validated under 7.6 g rms magnitude random vibration test in three axes and compared results with other state of-the-art similar works. The comparison clearly shows the merit of present research work over other similar existing works.
Negative Asymmetric Response of Pantropical Gross Primary Productivity to Precipitation Anomalies
Authors: Fan Lei , Dong Guanyu , Ciais Philippe , Xiao Xiangming , Xiao Jingfeng , Chen Xiuzhi , Luo Yiqi , Niu Shuli , Jiang Fei , Frappart Frédéric , Wigneron Jean‐Pierre , Li Xing , Cui Tianxiang , Pan Li , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe carbon sink in pantropical biomes play a crucial role in modulating the inter‐annual variations of global terrestrial carbon balance and is threatened by extreme climate events. However, it has not been carefully examined whether an increase in tropical gross primary productivity (GPP) can compensate the decrease during precipitation anomalies. Using the asymmetry index (AI) and multiple GPP products, we assessed responses of pantropical GPP to precipitation anomalies during 2001–2022. Positive AI indicates that GPP increases are greater than GPP decreases during precipitation anomalies, and vice versa. Our results showed an average negative pantropical GPP asymmetry, that is, GPP decreases exceeded the GPP increases during precipitation anomalies. In addition, a positive AI was found in tropical hyper‐arid and arid regions, which is opposite to the negative AI observed in tropical semi‐arid, sub‐humid, and humid regions. This suggest that tropical GPP asymmetry changes from positive to negative as the moisture increases. Notably, a significant decreasing trend of negative AI was observed over the entire tropical region, indicating that the negative effect of inter‐annual precipitation variations on pantropical vegetation productivity has enhanced. Considering the model predicted increasing climate variability and extremes, the negative impact of precipitation variability on tropical carbon cycle may continue to intensify. Lastly, the divergence in AI estimates among multiple GPP products highlight the need to further improve our understanding of the response of tropical carbon cycle to climate changes, especially for the tropical humid regions.
Spatial Distribution of Critical Metals and Chemostratigraphy in Co‐Rich Ferromanganese Nodules in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Ren Jiangbo , Yang Yong , Yu Miao , Liu Jiancheng , Luo Shuaijie , Li Jie , Deng Xianze , Zhang Xiuzhan , Dong Fang , Zhang Limin , Wei Zhenquan , He Gaowen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFerromanganese nodules are important marine storehouses for critical metals and windows for changing oceans. Although advanced in situ analytical techniques have been applied to visualize the elemental distribution in the nodule cross‐sections, their spatial distribution remains largely uncertain. This study addresses this gap by employing micro X‐ray fluorescence mapping of parallel nodule cross‐sections to delineate the spatial distributions of critical metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ti, Ni, and Cu) in three Co‐rich ferromanganese nodules from the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The 10‐layer Os isotopic compositions of one nodule closely align with the well‐documented marine Os isotope evolution of seawater, providing a chronological framework and a maximum age of ∼36 Ma for these nodules. Three concentric chemostratigraphic layers, labeled L1, L2, and L3, were identified from the inside out, based on microscopic structures and the distributions of critical metals. The early growth stage was marked by Mn‐rich, Si‐rich, and high Mn/Fe ratios, suggesting a diagenetic‐driven process attributed to high paleoproductivity conditions because of the low latitude of the study area at that time. The subsequent growth stages are all hydrogenetic in origin to be rich in Fe, Co, and Ti with low Mn/Fe ratios. The apparent detritus present during the second growth stage of the nodules may correspond to the stronger bottom currents in the early Miocene. The final mineralization stage indicates a more stable environment with diminished bottom current activity, leading to the formation of a dense, laminar hydrogenetic layer.