bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Early Instar Black Cutworm Larvae with Spinosad Formulations and Dursban, 1997
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Lamarche Rachel , Hodgson Meggan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The rial was conducted at Hanover Country Club, Hanover, NH on a bentgrass nursery. One hundred 3rd-instar larvae per treatment were placed in a PVC cylinder on 9 Jul. Treatments in all cylinders were applied on 10 Jul. There were a total of 12 treatments, replicated 4 times, with 3 rating dates, in a RCB design. The insecticides were applied using 32-oz, hand-held pump sprayers. The volume of water and insecticide mixture per cylinder was 2 gal/1000 ft2. vVeather conditions were as follows: air temp, 68°F; sky, mostly sunny; wind, light. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 78°F; at 1-inch depth, 74°F; at 2-inch depth, 70°F; texture, loam; sand, 64%; silt, 28%; clay, 8%; moisture, 21%; organic matter, 4.8%; pH, 7.3. The trial was rated on 11 Jul, 13 lul, and 17 Jul by applying to each cylinder a dilution of Joy dish soap and water to each cylinder to force live larvae to the surface for counting. During : he rating period, peak daytime surface temperatures were hot (90°F).
Comparison of Mach-2 and Tempo for Residual Control of Black Cutworm on Bentgrass, 1997
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Lamarche Rachel , Hodgson Meggan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted at Amherst Country Club, Amherst, NH. Four replicates of each treatment were laid out on a bentgrass nursery. At 4-, 2- and 1 -week intervals prior to installation of larvae, the insecticides were applied on their respective areas. Liquid formulations were applied with a 2-wheel bicycle-type CO2 boom sprayer equipped with 4 spray nozzles; each nozzle was fitted with an 8005 fan-type nozzle and a 50-mesh strainer. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/1000 ft2 delivered at 40 psi. Granulars were evenly dispersed using large commercial-style salt shakers, and were irrigated to approximately 1/4-inch of water per plot. Weather conditions on each spray date were as follows: 4-week interval (25 Jul): air temp, 66°F; sky, overcast; soil surface temp, 66°F; at 1-inch depth, 67°F; at 2-inch depth, 66°F; 2-week interval (8 Aug): air temp, 72°F; sky, mostly sunny; soil surface temp, 70°F; at 1-inch depth, 68°; at 2-inch depth, 66°; 1-week interval (15 Aug): air temp, 66°F; sky, cloudy; soil surface temp, 67°F; at 1 -inch depth, 66°F; at 2-inch depth, 65°F. Soil analysis resulted in the following: texture, loam; sand, 44%; silt, 38%; clay, 18%; soil pH, 5.7; moisture, 21%; organic matter, 5%. PVC cylinders were installed in all plots, and 19 3rd-instar larvae were put into each cylinder on 22 Aug. The trial was rated at 1-, 3-, and 7-day intervals after installation of larvae by applying a mixture of Joy dish soap and water to each cylinder to force live larvae to the surface for counting.
Annual Bluegrass Weevil Management on a Golf Course Fairway with Chlorpyrifos and Bifenthrin Formulations, 1997
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway located in Bedford County, PA, consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (70%) and Kentucky bluegrass (30%). Applications were made when flowering dogwood was in full bloom. Treatment plots were 6 X 5 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 5 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker with top-dressing sand used to provide even distribution of product. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed-air sprayer with four 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 227 ml of wa-ter/30 ft2 or delivering 2 gal water/1,000 ft 2. At treatment time (2 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 61° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 54° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 64° F; RH, 45%; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25 inches; soil textural class, clay loam; soil particle size analysis: 21.2% sand, 43.8% silt, 35.0% clay; soil percent water content (percent by weight), 42.8%; organic matter, 11.1%; soil pH, 6.1; water pH, 7; application time, mid-morning; and clear skies. The experimental area was irrigated with 0.1 in of water immediately after treatment. A total of 9.83 inches of rainfall was recorded from 2 May through 30 Jun. Post-treatment counts were made on 30 Jun. Annual bluegrass weevil control was evaluated by removing two 4-inch cup cutter sod samples from each replicate and recording the total number of annual bluegrass weevil life stages (larva, pupa, adult) per sample. Totals were than converted to a ft2 count.
Blueberry, Insect Control, 1997
Authors: Drummond F. A. , Collins J. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Laboratory control tests were conducted using a Burkard computer controlled spray apparatus to apply the materials at 10 lb psi air pressure and an orifice setting of 6. Treatments were applied to blueberry foliage placed in filter-paper-lined, 10-cm-diam petri dishes. Insects were introduced immediately after spray application. For all applications, 0.2 ml were sprayed into each petri dish. Foliage was changed every 2-3 days. The number of insects per dish depended on pest species and developmental stage and ranged from 5-11. Replicates ranged from 3-8, and the frequency of sampling dishes for the assessment of mortality was 1-7 days (see tables). Insects were determined dead if they did not move upon being touched with a laboratory dissecting needle. Dead insects were held in separate petri dishes for up to 2 weeks in order to detect symptoms of mycosis or parasitism by parasitoids. Log (dose)-probit or dose-probit regressions were used to quantify the relationship between dose of control agent and mortality. The criteria used to select the date for the regression was evidence of significant mortality across the dosages with insignificant mortality of the control group.
Topical and Residual Assays of Selected Pesticides Against the Silverleaf Whitefly, Winter 1997
Authors: Bethke J. A. , Redak R. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two trials were conducted for testing the efficacy of selected pesticides against the silverleaf whitefly. A residual assay was performed in the following manner: Poinsettia leaves were collected from an existing colony and placed in water. Treatments were applied to the adaxial surface of the leaf with a janitorial spray bottle. The leaves were allowed to dry then placed in a Munger cell with the adaxial surface exposed. Adult whiteflies from an existing colony were aspirated into a 25-dram plastic vial, anesthetized using COz, and placed into the Munger cell. Mortality was observed at 24 and 48 h. A topical assay was prepared at the same time as the residual trial. Leaves were left untreated, and placed in the Munger cell as described above. Whiteflies were also collected and anesthetized as above, but were placed on a piece of filter paper and sprayed with the same treatments as in the residual trial. They were immediately placed into the Munger cell. Post-treatment counts of live and dead adult whiteflies were made at 24 and 48 h. A RCB design was used with five replicates per treatment. ANOVA was performed on the data, and LSD (P = 0.05) was used to separate the means.
Evaluation of Selected Runner-Type Peanuts for Plant Stand, Susceptibility to Thrips Injury, and Yield, 1997
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Selected runner-type peanuts, with and without standard insecticide protection, were evaluated for plant stand, TT injury, and yield. ‘GK 7’, ‘Georgia Green’, ‘Andru 93’ and ‘Georgia Runner’ were evaluated and ‘VA-C 92R’ was included as a Virginia-type standard. Peanuts were planted 7 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA using 36-inch row spacing. Eight gpa of metam-sodium 42% was injected into rows as a soil fumigant on 11 April, about 4 weeks prior to planting. Thrips protection was provided by Orthene 75 S applied dissolved in water with a CO2 pressurized tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 5.0 gap at 24 psi through one SS8001E flat fan nozzle mounted just above planter disks and turned parallel to row direction to deliver the spray fan into the seed furrow. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Plant stand was determined by counting all seedlings in the 2 center rows (80 row ft) of each plot on 6 and 19 Jun. TT injury was evaluated on a 0 to 10 scale: 0 = no thrips induced plant injury, 1 = 10% injured leaves, 2 = 20% injured leaves, 3 = 30% injured leaves, 4 = 40% injured leaves, 5 = ≥ 50% injured leaves + ≤5% terminal buds injured, 6 = ≥50% injured leaves + 25% terminal buds injured, 7 = ≥50% injured leaves + 50% terminal buds injured, 8 = ≤ 50% injured leaves + 75% terminal buds injured, 9 = ≥50% injured leaves + ≥90% terminal buds injured, and 10 = dead plants. Yield was determined by digging, drying, and combining peanuts from the 2 center rows of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Cabbage, 1995
Authors: Riley David G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Fresh-market cabbage was direct seeded on 11 October, 1995 at Weslaco, TX in 100-cm-wide beds and maintained with standard cultural practices. Plots consisted of two rows by 10.7 m and were arranged in a RCB design with sixteen treatments and four replicates. Spray applications were made on 2 Nov, 29 Nov, 14 Dec 1995, and 17 Jan 1996 with three hollow-cone tips per row. Applications were made with 284 1/ha of water. Cabbage loopers, diamondback moth larvae, and beet armyworms were counted on five whole plants per plot. Cabbage heads were harvested on 30 Jan, 5 Feb, and 21 Feb and evaluated for damage from 0 = none to 4 = severe damage to wrapper leaves and/or head. Harvested weight of cabbage was based on an average of two harvests from 5 plants each. Analysis of variance and LSD tests for separation of treatment means were calculated from averages over all sample dates.
Tolerability and Product Properties of a Gum-Containing Thickener in Patients With Dysphagia
Authors: Killeen Linda , Lansink Mirian , Schröder Dea 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to determine the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability of drinks and foods thickened with a gum-containing thickener compared to a starch-based thickener in patients with dysphagia.

Design:
A randomized, double-blind, controlled, parallel group study.

Methods:
Subjects started with a 3-day run-in period on a starch-based thickener and continued with a 14-day intervention on either the starch-based or gum-containing thickener. GI tolerance parameters were recorded at baseline and for three consecutive days in both weeks. Product properties were studied using a feedback questionnaire from carers.

Findings:
Incidence and intensity of GI symptoms was low and not significantly different between groups. Carers indicated that starch-thickened drinks became significantly thinner with time compared to gum-containing thickened drinks (p = .029).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:
No differences in GI tolerance parameters between groups were observed. We hypothesize that use of the gum-containing thickener is preferred to a starch-based thickener due to the stability of its viscosity during consumption.
Consenting on Principles of Rehabilitation Nursing Care: A Delphi Study
Authors: Suter-Riederer Susanne , Mahrer Imhof Romy , Gabriel Claudia , Kesselring Jürg , Schnepp Wilfried , Imhof Lorenz 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Purpose
Patient-centeredness, evidence-based interventions, and interdisciplinary teamwork have been described as key in neurological rehabilitation nursing. In order to develop future action plans, a group of Swiss rehabilitation nurses sought agreement on concrete principles that led the efforts to develop a common understanding of rehabilitation nursing care in Switzerland.

Design
A three-round Delphi study was conducted.

Methods
Literature-based statements were formulated and sent out twice to 54 rehabilitation nursing stakeholders. In the third round, the participants ranked the three most important statements out of 13.

Findings
Highest priority reached the statements: Rehabilitation nursing care (1) considers the uniqueness of the patients and their family, (2) offers support that promises the greatest potential for patients and their family, and (3) uses evidence-based knowledge.

Conclusion
Statements on patient- and family-centeredness were ranked highest. Patients and families’ preferences have to be considered as much as evidence-based knowledge and interventions to support patients and family.

Clinical Relevance
The study supported the discussion on action plans and enlivened new services and nursing interventions in a Swiss nursing community.
Ecological and political economy lenses for school health education: a critical pedagogy shift
Authors: Martinson Marty , Elia John P. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to critically examine school health education in the USA and present alternative approaches for more critical and comprehensive health education.

Design/methodology/approach
An ecological model framework is used to identify the limitations and opportunities for improvement in school health education in the USA. An argument is made for school health education that embraces ecological approaches, political economy theory, and critical pedagogies.

Findings
US schools have been tasked with providing health education that is primarily rooted in individualistic approaches. Often missing from this education is recognition of the social and structural determinants of health that greatly influence one’s ability to practice the health behaviors promoted in schools. This raises pedagogical and ethical concerns, which can be addressed by teaching health education that is grounded in ecological and political economy understandings of health and in critical pedagogies that allow students to more comprehensively and accurately understand health, how their worlds influence health, and their agency within those worlds.

Practical implications
This paper offers justification for a critical model of school health education and for the professional preparation of school health educators that is grounded in critical pedagogy and ecological approaches.

Originality/value
This work complements other research on critical health education by adding explicit integration of the ecological model and the political economy theory within critical pedagogies.
A theoretical and statistical approach of Six Sigma differentiation from other quality systems
Authors: Ismyrlis Vasileios , Moschidis Odysseas 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate in which management aspects could Six Sigma (SS) methodology help the organization that implements it. Another subject to be examined is the integration of SS and other quality management systems (QMSs) in practice and in a theoretical way.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire was addressed to 146 Greek companies of all business sectors, with at least one QMS; here was ISO 9001:2008. It included questions concerning the importance of the critical success factors (CSFs) of QMSs and performance measures after the implementation of ISO 9001. Correspondence analysis was used for the analysis of the data. A theoretical investigation in literature was also accomplished to express the characteristic aspects of SS.

Findings
Companies implementing SS seemed to outperform the companies without it, in the importance given in most CSFs and equally in the performance measures. People-oriented factors distinguished as more important, and this is consistent with the literature concerning SS.

Practical implications
This paper provides information for practitioners and researchers about SS methodology and presents some of its advantages, deriving from its integration with ISO 9001 QMS.

Originality/value
It makes available a perspective of SS deployment in Greek organizations. It also clarifies points that demonstrate the differentiation of SS from other quality approaches and the case of integration with ISO 9001. It also presents the demographic profile of the companies that implement SS.
How firms borrow in international bond markets
Authors: Fuertes Alberto , Serena Jose María 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate how firms from emerging economies choose among different international bond markets: global, US144A and Eurobond markets. The authors explore if the ranking in regulatory stringency –global bonds have the most stringent regulations and Eurobonds have the most lenient regulations – leads to a segmentation of borrowers.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a novel data set from emerging economy firms, treating them as consolidated entities. The authors also obtain descriptive evidence and perform univariate non-parametric analyses, conditional and multinomial logit analyses to study firms’ marginal debt choice decisions.FindingsThe authors show that firms with poorer credit quality, less ability to absorb flotation costs and more informational asymmetries issue debt in US144A and Eurobond markets. On the contrary, firms issuing global bonds – subject to full Securities and Exchange Commission requirements – are financially sounder and larger. This exercise also shows that following the global crisis, firms from emerging economies are more likely to tap less regulated debt markets.Originality/valueThis is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first study that examines if the ranking in stringency of regulation – global bonds have the most stringent regulations and Eurobonds have the most lenient regulations – is consistent with an ordinal choice by firms. The authors also explore if this ranking is monotonic in all determinants or there are firm-specific features which make firms unlikely to borrow in a given market. Finally, the authors analyze if there are any changes in the debt-choice behavior of firms after the global financial crisis.
Pathways to Medical Home Recognition: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of the PCMH Transformation Process
Authors: Mendel Peter , Chen Emily K. , Green Harold D. , Armstrong Courtney , Timbie Justin W. , Kress Amii M. , Friedberg Mark W. , Kahn Katherine L. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo understand the process of practice transformation by identifying pathways for attaining patient‐centered medical home (PCMH) recognition.Data Sources/Study SettingThe CMS Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) Advanced Primary Care Practice Demonstration was designed to help FQHCs achieve NCQA Level 3 PCMH recognition and improve patient outcomes. We used a stratified random sample of 20 (out of 503) participating sites for this analysis.Study DesignWe developed a conceptual model of structural, cultural, and implementation factors affecting PCMH transformation based on literature and initial qualitative interview themes. We then used conventional cross‐case analysis, followed by qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), a cross‐case method based on Boolean logic algorithms, to systematically identify pathways (i.e., combinations of factors) associated with attaining—or not attaining—Level 3 recognition.Data Collection MethodsSite‐level indicators were derived from semistructured interviews with site leaders at two points in time (mid‐ and late‐implementation) and administrative data collected prior to and during the demonstration period.Principal FindingsThe QCA results identified five distinct pathways to attaining PCMH recognition and four distinct pathways to not attaining recognition by the end of the demonstration. Across these pathways, one condition (change leader capacity) was common to all pathways for attaining recognition, and another (previous improvement or recognition experience) was absent in all pathways for not attaining recognition. In general, sites could compensate for deficiencies in one factor with capacity in others, but they needed a threshold of strengths in cultural and implementation factors to attain PCMH recognition.ConclusionsFuture efforts at primary care transformation should take into account multiple pathways sites may pursue. Sites should be assessed on key cultural and implementation factors, in addition to structural components, in order to differentiate interventions and technical assistance.
Mental Health Risk Adjustment with Clinical Categories and Machine Learning
Authors: Shrestha Akritee , Bergquist Savannah , Montz Ellen , Rose Sherri 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo propose nonparametric ensemble machine learning for mental health and substance use disorders (MHSUD) spending risk adjustment formulas, including considering Clinical Classification Software (CCS) categories as diagnostic covariates over the commonly used Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC) system.Data Sources2012–2013 Truven MarketScan database.Study DesignWe implement 21 algorithms to predict MHSUD spending, as well as a weighted combination of these algorithms called super learning. The algorithm collection included seven unique algorithms that were supplied with three differing sets of MHSUD‐related predictors alongside demographic covariates: HCC, CCS, and HCC + CCS diagnostic variables. Performance was evaluated based on cross‐validated R2 and predictive ratios.Principal FindingsResults show that super learning had the best performance based on both metrics. The top single algorithm was random forests, which improved on ordinary least squares regression by 10 percent with respect to relative efficiency. CCS categories‐based formulas were generally more predictive of MHSUD spending compared to HCC‐based formulas.ConclusionsLiterature supports the potential benefit of implementing a separate MHSUD spending risk adjustment formula. Our results suggest there is an incentive to explore machine learning for MHSUD‐specific risk adjustment, as well as considering CCS categories over HCCs.
A Reaction‐Based Novel Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide and Its Application in Wine
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Jialin , Yang Shaoxiang , Tian Hongyu , Sun Baoguo , Liu Yongguo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA new reaction‐based fluorescent probe 6‐cyanonaphthalen‐2‐yl‐2,4‐ dinitrobenzenesulfonate (probe 1) was designed and synthesized for detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The addition of H2S to a solution of probe 1 resulted in a marked fluorescence increased accompanied by a visual color change from colorless to yellow. Importantly, this distinct color response indicates that probe 1 could be used as a visual tool for detection of H2S. H2S can be detected quantitatively in the concentration range 0 to 25 μM and the detection limit was 30 nM. Moreover, probe 1 was successfully used as a sensor to determine H2S levels in red wine and beer.Practical ApplicationFluorescent probe 1 could be employed as a visible sensor for H2S. Probe 1 could be used to detect H2S quantitatively in food simple.
Explaining auditors’ propensity to issue going‐concern opinions in Australia after the global financial crisis
Authors: Carson Elizabeth , Fargher Neil , Zhang Yuyu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe document an increase in auditors issuing going‐concern opinions in Australia over a prolonged period since the Global Financial Crisis that is not fully explained by changes in client risk. Overall, our evidence is consistent with auditors reporting more conservatively with the increased level of scrutiny from Australian Securities and Investments Commission inspections and other increased regulation, and in particular, the negative attention following the 2011–2012 inspections. As a result, auditor reports with reference to going‐concern issues have become less informative regarding future corporate failure.