bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental characterization of Raman overlaps between mode-groups
Authors: Christensen Erik N. , Koefoed Jacob G. , Friis Søren M. M. , Castaneda Mario A. Usuga , Rottwitt Karsten 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMode-division multiplexing has the potential to further increase data transmission capacity through optical fibers. In addition, distributed Raman amplification is a promising candidate for multi-mode signal amplification due to its desirable noise properties and the possibility of mode-equalized gain. In this paper, we present an experimental characterization of the intermodal Raman intensity overlaps of a few-mode fiber using backward-pumped Raman amplification. By varying the input pump power and the degree of higher order mode-excitation for the pump and the signal in a 10 km long two-mode fiber, we are able to characterize all intermodal Raman intensity overlaps. Using these results, we perform a Raman amplification measurement and demonstrate a mode-differential gain of only 0.25 dB per 10 dB overall gain. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the lowest mode differential gain achieved for amplification of mode division multiplexed signals in a single fiber.
The Principles of Ligand Specificity on beta-2-adrenergic receptor
Authors: Chan H. C. Stephen , Filipek Slawomir , Yuan Shuguang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractG protein-coupled receptors are recognized as one of the largest families of membrane proteins. Despite sharing a characteristic seven-transmembrane topology, G protein-coupled receptors regulate a wide range of cellular signaling pathways in response to various physical and chemical stimuli, and prevail as an important target for drug discovery. Notably, the recent progress in crystallographic methods led to a breakthrough in elucidating the structures of membrane proteins. The structures of β2-adrenergic receptor bound with a variety of ligands provide atomic details of the binding modes of agonists, antagonists and inverse agonists. In this study, we selected four representative molecules from each functional class of ligands and investigated their impacts on β2-adrenergic receptor through a total of 12 × 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations. From the obtained trajectories, we generated molecular fingerprints exemplifying propensities of protein-ligand interactions. For each functional class of compounds, we characterized and compared the fluctuation of the protein backbone, the volumes in the intracellular pockets, the water densities in the receptors, the domain interaction networks as well as the movements of transmembrane helices. We discovered that each class of ligands exhibits a distinct mode of interactions with mainly TM5 and TM6, altering the shape and eventually the state of the receptor. Our findings provide insightful prospective into GPCR targeted structure-based drug discoveries.
Fractionated radiation exposure amplifies the radioresistant nature of prostate cancer cells
Authors: McDermott N. , Meunier A. , Mooney B. , Nortey G. , Hernandez C. , Hurley S. , Lynam-Lennon N. , Barsoom S. H. , Bowman K. J. , Marples B. , Jones G. D. D. , Marignol L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe risk of recurrence following radiation therapy remains high for a significant number of prostate cancer patients. The development of in vitro isogenic models of radioresistance through exposure to fractionated radiation is an increasingly used approach to investigate the mechanisms of radioresistance in cancer cells and help guide improvements in radiotherapy standards. We treated 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells with fractionated 2 Gy radiation to a cumulative total dose of 60 Gy. This process selected for 22Rv1-cells with increased clonogenic survival following subsequent radiation exposure but increased sensitivity to Docetaxel. This RR-22Rv1 cell line was enriched in S-phase cells, less susceptible to DNA damage, radiation-induced apoptosis and acquired enhanced migration potential, when compared to wild type and aged matched control 22Rv1 cells. The selection of radioresistant cancer cells during fractionated radiation therapy may have implications in the development and administration of future targeted therapy in conjunction with radiation therapy.
Generation of Scratches and Their Effects on Laser Damage Performance of Silica Glass
Authors: Li Yaguo , Ye Hui , Yuan Zhigang , Liu Zhichao , Zheng Yi , Zhang Zhe , Zhao Shijie , Wang Jian , Xu Qiao 
Published: October 2016

AbstractScratches are deleterious to precision optics because they can obscure and modulate incident laser light, which will increase the probability of damage to optical components. We here imitated the generation of brittle and ductile scratches during polishing process and endeavored to find out the possible influence of scratches on laser induced damage. Brittle scratches can be induced by spiking large sized abrasives and small abrasives may only generate ductile scratches. Both surface roughness and transmittivity are degraded due to the appearance of brittle scratches while ductile scratches make little difference to surface roughness and transmittance. However, ductile and brittle scratches greatly increase the density of damage about one order of magnitude relative to unscratched surface. In particular, ductile scratches also play an unignorable role in laser induced damage, which is different from previous knowledge. Furthermore, ZrO2 and Al2O3 polished surfaces appear to perform best in terms of damage density.
Combined oral administration of L‐arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin in a rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Schreiber C. , Eilenberg M.S. , Panzenboeck A. , Winter M.P. , Bergmeister H. , Herzog R. , Mascherbauer J. , Lang I.M. , Bonderman D. 
Published: October 2016

Alterations in the nitric oxide (NO) pathway play a major role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). L‐arginine (LA) and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) are main substrates in the production of NO, which mediates pulmonary vasodilation. Administration of either LA or BH4 decrease pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). A combined administration of both may have synergistic effects in the therapy of PAH. In a telemetrically monitored model of unilateral pneumonectomy and monocrotaline‐induced PAH, male Sprague‐Dawley rats received either LA (300 mg/kg; n = 15), BH4 (20 mg/kg; n = 15), the combination of LA and BH4 (300 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg; n = 15), or vehicle (control group; n = 10) from day 28 after monocrotaline induction. Therapy was orally administered once daily over consecutive 14 days. LA, BH4, or both equally lowered PAP, increased pulmonary vascular elasticity, restored spontaneous locomotoric activity, prevented body weight loss and palliated small vessel disease of severely pulmonary hypertensive rats. BH4 substitution lowered asymmetric dimethylarginine levels sustainably at 60 min after administration and downregulated endothelial NO synthase mRNA expression. No significant survival, macro‐ and histomorphologic or hemodynamic differences were found between therapy groups at the end of the study period. Administration of LA and BH4 both mediated a decrease of mean PAP, attenuated right ventricular hypertrophy and small vessel disease in monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary hypertensive rats, though a combined administration of both substances did not reveal any synergistic therapy effects in our animal model.
Novel tools for primary immunodeficiency diagnosis: making a case for deep profiling
Authors: Hsieh Elena W.Y. , Hernandez Joseph D. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose of review
This review gives an overview of the systems-immunology single-cell proteomic and transcriptomic approaches that can be applied to study primary immunodeficiency. It also introduces recent advances in multiparameter tissue imaging, which allows extensive immune phenotyping in disease-affected tissue.

Recent findings
Mass cytometry is a variation of flow cytometry that uses rare earth metal isotopes instead of fluorophores as tags bound to antibodies, allowing simultaneous measurement of over 40 parameters per single-cell. Mass cytomety enables comprehensive single-cell immunophenotyping and functional assessments, capturing the complexity of the immune system, and the molecularly heterogeneous consequences of primary immunodeficiency defects. Protein epitopes and transcripts can be simultaneously detected allowing immunophenotype and gene expression evaluation in mixed cell populations. Multiplexed epitope imaging has the potential to provide extensive phenotypic characterization at the subcellular level, in the context of 3D tissue microenvironment.

Summary
Mass cytometry and multiplexed epitope imaging can complement genetic methods in diagnosis and study of the pathogenesis of primary immunodeficiencies. The ability to understand the effect of a specific defect across multiple immune cell types and pathways, and in affected tissues, may provide new insight into tissue-specific disease pathogenesis and evaluate effects of therapeutic interventions.
Reexcision Perineural Invasion and Epithelial Sheath Neuroma Possibly on a Spectrum of Postinjury Reactive Hyperplasia Mediated by IL-6
Authors: Wang James Y. , Nuovo Gerard , Kline Mitchell , Magro Cynthia M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:
Epithelial sheath neuroma is a rarely recognized but established entity in the medical literature. First described in 2000 by Requena et al, there have only been 7 published cases to date, mostly in female patients and presenting as symptomatic solitary lesions on the back without a known history of trauma. In 2006, Beer et al described and reviewed a dozen cases in which epithelial sheath neuroma-like features were seen in the advent of a surgical procedure, which was termed “re-excision perineural invasion” and attributed to possible eccrine duct implantation during surgery. Our case is a 66-year-old male patient who underwent an excision of a melanocytic neoplasm in which a reactive epithelial sheath neuroma was incidentally discovered in the excision specimen, adjacent to the biopsy site cicatrix. Histologically, there was benign cutaneous nerve hyperplasia with a proliferation of squamous epithelium in intimate apposition to the nerve bundles in the superficial dermis. We postulate that the process active in the formation of re-excision perineural invasion is the same as in epithelial sheath neuroma and that minor trauma not appreciable on histologic examination is responsible in the latter entity. We performed IL-6 staining and documented that IL-6 was upregulated at the interface of the nerve and reactive epithelium, but was absent in nerves distant from the site of surgery, suggesting that IL-6 may be essential to the lesion's development. The recognition of reactive epithelial sheath neuroma including the subcategory of re-excision perineural invasion is crucial for the dermatopathologist to prevent mislabeling this reactive entity as a perineural squamous cell carcinoma, which has clinical consequences for the patient such as wider re-excision and radiation treatment. Additionally, we have identified a potential pathophysiologic basis for this lesion.
Recent explanatory trials of the mode of action of drug therapies on lipoprotein metabolism
Authors: Chan Dick C. , Barrett P. Hugh R. , Watts Gerald F. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose of review
Dysregulated lipoprotein metabolism leads to increased plasma concentrations of atherogenic lipoproteins. We highlight the findings from recent studies of the effect of lipid-regulating therapies on apolipoprotein metabolism in humans employing endogenous labelling with stable isotopically labelled isotopomers.

Recent findings
Fish oil supplementation and niacin treatment both reduce fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels by decreasing the hepatic secretion of VLDL-apoB-100 (apoB) and apoB-48-containing chylomicron particles in obese and/or type 2 diabetes. Niacin also lowers plasma LDL-apoB and Lp(a) levels by increasing catabolism of LDL-apoB and decreasing secretion of Lp(a), respectively. In subjects with hypercholesterolaemia, inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein raises apoA-I and lowers apoB by decreasing and increasing the catabolism of HDL-apoA-I and LDL-apoB, respectively. Antisense oligonucleotides directed at apoB mRNA lowers plasma LDL-cholesterol and apoB chiefly by increasing the catabolism and decreasing the secretion of LDL-apoB in healthy subjects. That apoB ASO treatment does not lower hepatic secretion in humans is unexpected and merits further investigation.

Summary
Kinetic studies provide mechanistic insight into the mode of action of lipid lowering therapies and lipoprotein disorders. Understanding the mode of action of new drugs in vivo is important to establish their effective use in clinical practice.
The positive net radiative greenhouse gas forcing of increasing methane emissions from a thawing boreal forest‐wetland landscape
Authors: Helbig Manuel , Chasmer Laura E. , Kljun NatasCha , Quinton William L. , Treat Claire C. , Sonnentag Oliver 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAt the southern margin of permafrost in North America, climate change causes widespread permafrost thaw. In boreal lowlands, thawing forested permafrost peat plateaus (‘forest’) lead to expansion of permafrost‐free wetlands (‘wetland’). Expanding wetland area with saturated and warmer organic soils is expected to increase landscape methane (CH4) emissions. Here, we quantify the thaw‐induced increase in CH4 emissions for a boreal forest‐wetland landscape in the southern Taiga Plains, Canada, and evaluate its impact on net radiative forcing relative to potential long‐term net carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange. Using nested wetland and landscape eddy covariance net CH4 flux measurements in combination with flux footprint modeling, we find that landscape CH4 emissions increase with increasing wetland‐to‐forest ratio. Landscape CH4 emissions are most sensitive to this ratio during peak emission periods, when wetland soils are up to 10 °C warmer than forest soils. The cumulative growing season (May–October) wetland CH4 emission of ~13 g CH4 m−2 is the dominating contribution to the landscape CH4 emission of ~7 g CH4 m−2. In contrast, forest contributions to landscape CH4 emissions appear to be negligible. The rapid wetland expansion of 0.26 ± 0.05% yr−1 in this region causes an estimated growing season increase of 0.034 ± 0.007 g CH4 m−2 yr−1 in landscape CH4 emissions. A long‐term net CO2 uptake of >200 g CO2 m−2 yr−1 is required to offset the positive radiative forcing of increasing CH4 emissions until the end of the 21st century as indicated by an atmospheric CH4 and CO2 concentration model. However, long‐term apparent carbon accumulation rates in similar boreal forest‐wetland landscapes and eddy covariance landscape net CO2 flux measurements suggest a long‐term net CO2 uptake between 49 and 157 g CO2 m−2 yr−1. Thus, thaw‐induced CH4 emission increases likely exert a positive net radiative greenhouse gas forcing through the 21st century.
SLD-MOSCNT: A new MOSCNT with step–linear doping profile in the source and drain regions
Authors: Tahne Behrooz Abdi , Naderi Ali 
Published: October 2016

In this paper, a new structure, step–linear doping MOSCNT (SLD-MOSCNT), is proposed to improve the performance of basic MOSCNTs. The basic structure suffers from band to band tunneling (BTBT). We show that using SLD profile for source and drain regions increases the horizontal distance between valence and conduction bands at gate to source/drain junction which reduces BTBT probability. SLD performance is compared with other similar structures which have recently been proposed to reduce BTBT such as MOSCNT with lightly-doped drain and source (LDDS), and with double-light doping in source and drain regions (DLD). The obtained results using a nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) method show that the SLD-MOSCNT has the lowest leakage current, power consumption and delay time, and the highest current ratio and voltage gain. The ambipolar conduction in the proposed structure is very low and can be neglected. In addition, these structures can improve short-channel effects. Also, the investigation of cutoff frequency of the different structures shows that the SLD has the highest cutoff frequency. Device performance has been investigated for gate length from 8 to 20 nm which demonstrates all discussions regarding the superiority of the proposed structure are also valid for different channel lengths. This improvement is more significant especially for channel length less than 12 nm. Therefore, the SLD can be considered as a candidate to be used in the applications with high speed and low power consumption.
SEMANTICS TRANSFERENCE IN TAGALOG
Authors: Potet Jean Paul 
Published: October 2016

We say "X gave Y to Z", but "X took Y from Z." What is marked by a change of prepositions in English is marked by a change of verbal affixes in Tagalog. This change of markers is triggered by the direction taken by Y between X and Z. This movement is deemed to be a universal semantic trait. It is proposed to call it "transference."
Forward transference (FT) is that of verbs like "give", and backward transference (ВТ) that of verbs like "take."
Transference is reversed in a few PA- verbs.
Whether they be FT or ВТ, all factitive and causative verbs have the morphology of FT verbs. So have reciprocal verbs despite the fact that transference is neutralized in them.
Transference pervades the entire clause nucleus (the verb and its actants). It is not activated in all languages. When so, it is surfaced either in the predicate verb (e.g. Tagalog), or in the preposition before the third actant (e.g. English).
Current Approaches to the Construction of a Modern Model of the University Teacher’s Competences
Authors: Якупова  , Yakupova O. 
Published: October 2016

The competence of the teacher has a direct impact on its productivity and therefore develpment of behavioral models teachers become the main long-term factor
of competitiveness of the University. In modern labor economics there are different approaches to building a competency model, however they describe the behavior
of the teacher, or from a position of pedagogical activity, either in terms of its research and development activities. We submitted that effective professional activity
in modern conditions should be considered from the standpoint of the competitiveness of the University. The modern model of competences of the University teacher
needs to focus on such professional activities as teacher-teacher, by the educational and scientific functions, the teacher as the creator of competitive advantages
of the University.
Nonlocal Kirchhoff Superlinear Equations with Indefinite Nonlinearity and Lack of Compactness
Authors: Li Lin , Rădulescu Vicenţiu , Repovš Dušan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe study the following Kirchhoff equation:
(K)$$ - \left({1 + b\int_{{{\mathbb R}^3}} |\nabla u{|^2}dx} \right)\Delta u + V(x)u = f(x, u), \quad x \in {{\mathbb R}^3}. $$A feature of this paper is that the nonlinearity $f$ and the potential $V$ are indefinite, hence sign-changing. Under some appropriate assumptions on $V$ and $f$, we prove the existence of two different solutions of the equation via the Ekeland variational principle and the mountain pass theorem.
Triarylmethyl Radicals: An EPR Study of 13C Hyperfine Coupling Constants
Authors: Kuzhelev Andrey A. , Tormyshev Victor M. , Rogozhnikova Olga Yu. , Trukhin Dmitry V. , Troitskaya Tatiana I. , Strizhakov Rodion K. , Krumkacheva Olesya A. , Fedin Matvey V. , Bagryanskaya Elena G. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Triarylmethyl (TAM) radicals are widely used in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy as spin labels and in EPR imaging as spin probes for in vivo oxymetry. One of the key advantages of TAMs is the extremely narrow EPR line, especially in case of deuterated analogs (~2.5 μT). Another advantage is their slow spin relaxation even at physiological temperatures; in particular, this characteristic enables the use of pulsed dipolar EPR methods for distance measurements in biomolecules. In this study, a large series of TAM radicals and their deuterated analogs was synthesized, and the corresponding spectroscopic parameters including 13C hyperfine constants were determined for the first time. We observed negligible dependence of 13C hyperfine constants on the solvent or on the structure or number of substituents at para-C atoms of the aromatic rings. In addition, we demonstrated that 13C signals at natural abundance can be used for successful distance measurements at room temperature by pulsed electron double resonance (PELDOR or DEER).
NUTRITION REQUIREMENT OF CULTURED ABALONE POST LARVAE AND JUVENILES: A REVIEW
Authors: Iba Wa 
Published: October 2016

Abalone aquaculture attracts wide attention nowadays because of its high market value and depleted of wild stocks. China and Japan are the main producer of abalone from aquaculture followed by other countries such as New Zealand, Australia and US. Most of cultured abalone are temperate species but considerable research efforts have been made to culture tropical abalone in the Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia. Most of abalone culture still depends on natural food but recent studies have been conducted to develop artificial diet for abalone. This will not only reduce wild harvest of macrolagae but also develop high nutrition diet at low cost. Successful abalone aquaculture is determined by correct nutrition supplement in the diet. As other cultured animal, abalone requires balanced nutrition of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins, and minerals. As herbivores, abalone can utilize carbohydrate efficiently as energy source and thus only requires low level of protein (range from 27%—40%). Lipid requirements range from 3%—5% while some minerals such as calcium and phosphorus in artificial feed are only needed in small amount, 0.5% of calcium in diets and 0.7% of phosphorus in the diet can improve the growth rate of abalone. There is not available information of vitamin upplementation in the diet but it is suggested that natural food meets the requirement.
ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN MINAPOLITAN KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Edrus Isa Nagib 
Published: October 2016

<p>Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyusun arahan pengembangan kawasan minapolitan berbasis kegiatan budidaya perikanan Kota Bengkulu. Pendekatan dalam menilai kawasan tersebut menggunakan analisis agroekosistem. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa prioritas pengembangan kawasan minapolitan secara berurut adalah: (1) pengembangan infrastruktur, sarana dan prasarana; (2) pengembangan kawasan terpadu budidaya lele dan kelembagaan; (3), restrukturisasi sistem pembinaan dan pelayanan di kawasan minapolitan, dan (4), pengembangan kawasan terpadu budidaya bandeng. Prioritas komoditas yang layak dikembangkan berturut-turut adalah (1) budidaya lele; (2) budidaya nila; (3) budidaya gurami; dan (4) budidaya bandeng. Pengembangan budidaya lele di wilayah kota dan budidaya bandeng di wilayah pesisir merupakan opsi yang terbaik.</p><p> </p><p>This paper has aimed to making some guidelines for the minapolitan area development based on fishpond culture activities in Bengkulu City. An approach used to value the areas was Agroecosystem analysis. Outputs of analysis showed that the development priorities for a minapolitan area respctively are (1) Infrastructure and facility development; (2) integrated areal development for catfish pondculture and institution establisment; (3) education and service systems in a minapolitan area; and (4) integrated areal development for milkfish-pondcultures. Pondculture priorities of commodities feasible developed respectivelly are (1) catfish; (2) nila; (3) gurami, and (4) milkfish.</p>