bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity levels and quality of life relate to collagen turnover and inflammation changes after running
Authors: Cattano Nicole M. , Driban Jeffrey B. , Barbe Mary F. , Tierney Ryan , Amin Mamta , Sitler Michael R. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine whether an association existed between self‐reported symptom and function scores and tissue turnover or inflammatory biomarker changes after a running bout among individuals with and without an acute knee‐injury history. A pre‐test/post‐test prospective cohort study design (Level II) of 22 participants was conducted. Eleven physically active individuals with a history of anterior cruciate ligament surgery and/or meniscus surgery within 4 years of study participation were matched to 11 healthy control participants. All participants completed self‐reported outcome measures (Knee Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score and Tegner activity level) assessing knee symptoms and functional levels prior to the run. Blood samples were taken both pre‐ and post‐30‐minute run at a prescribed pace on a treadmill to determine serum biomarker concentration changes. Tegner activity levels were inversely related to type II collagen/type II collagen synthesis marker ratio biomarker changes after the run (r = −0.45, p = 0.01). Quality‐of‐life scores pre‐exercise were inversely related to interleukin‐1β changes after the run (r = −0.50, p = 0.02). No other correlation coefficients were statistically significant (r = −0.39 to 0.36). Ultimately, individuals with lower activity and quality‐of‐life scores experienced greater increases in collagen turnover and inflammation after a running bout, respectively. A gradual increase in activity (e.g., frequency, duration, intensity) may be warranted in this group prior to returning to activities that involve running. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:612–617, 2017.
Neighbourhood characteristics and the incidence of first-episode psychosis and duration of untreated psychosis
Authors: O'Donoghue B. , Lyne J. P. , Renwick L. , Lane A. , Madigan K. , Staines A. , O'Callaghan E. , Clarke M. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThe incidence of psychotic disorders varies between geographical areas and it has been hypothesized that neighbourhood-level factors may influence this variation. It is also plausible that the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is associated with neighbourhood characteristics. The aims of this study were to determine whether the incidence of first-episode psychosis (FEP) and the DUP are associated with the level of social deprivation, fragmentation, social capital and population density.MethodAll individuals with a FEP from a geographical defined catchment area over a 5-year period were included. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated for each neighbourhood factor.ResultsA total of 292 cases of FEP were included in the study and 45% had a diagnosis of a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. The age standardized incidence rate of FEP in the most deprived area was 72.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 26.4–162.7] per 100 000 person-years compared with 21.5 (95% CI 17.6–26.0) per 100 000 person-years in the most affluent areas. This represents a 3.4-fold increase in FEP incidence in the most deprived areas. The incidence of FEP was also increased in neighbourhoods that were more socially fragmented [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 2.40, 95% CI 1.05–5.51, p = 0.04] and there was a trend for the incidence to be increased in neighbourhoods with lower social capital (IRR = 1.43, 95% CI 0.99–2.06, p = 0.05). The median DUP was 4 months and was higher in more socially fragmented neighbourhoods.ConclusionsThe incidence of psychotic disorders is related to neighbourhood factors and it may be useful to consider neighbourhood factors when allocating resources for early intervention services.
Trajectories of depressive symptoms after hip fracture
Authors: Cristancho P. , Lenze E. J. , Avidan M. S. , Rawson K. S. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundHip fracture is often complicated by depressive symptoms in older adults. We sought to characterize trajectories of depressive symptoms arising after hip fracture and examine their relationship with functional outcomes and walking ability. We also investigated clinical and psychosocial predictors of these trajectories.MethodWe enrolled 482 inpatients, aged ⩾60 years, who were admitted for hip fracture repair at eight St Louis, MO area hospitals between 2008 and 2012. Participants with current depression diagnosis and/or notable cognitive impairment were excluded. Depressive symptoms and functional recovery were assessed with the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale and Functional Recovery Score, respectively, for 52 weeks after fracture. Health, cognitive, and psychosocial variables were gathered at baseline. We modeled depressive symptoms using group-based trajectory analysis and subsequently identified correlates of trajectory group membership.ResultsThree trajectories emerged according to the course of depressive symptoms, which we termed ‘resilient’, ‘distressed’, and ‘depressed’. The depressed trajectory (10% of participants) experienced a persistently high level of depressive symptoms and a slower time to recover mobility than the other trajectory groups. Stressful life events prior to the fracture, current smoking, higher anxiety, less social support, antidepressant use, past depression, and type of implant predicted membership of the depressed trajectory.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms arising after hip fracture are associated with poorer functional status. Clinical and psychosocial variables predicted membership of the depression trajectory. Early identification and intervention of patients in a depressive trajectory may improve functional outcomes after hip fracture.
What is the utility of using syndromic surveillance systems during large subnational infectious gastrointestinal disease outbreaks? An observational study using case studies from the past 5 years in England
Authors: TODKILL D. , ELLIOT A. J. , MORBEY R. , HARRIS J. , HAWKER J. , EDEGHERE O. , SMITH G. E. 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYSyndromic surveillance systems in England have demonstrated utility in the early identification of seasonal gastrointestinal illness (GI) tracking its spatio-temporal distribution and enabling early public health action. There would be additional public health utility if syndromic surveillance systems could detect or track subnational infectious disease outbreaks. To investigate using syndromic surveillance for this purpose we retrospectively identified eight large GI outbreaks between 2009 and 2014 (four randomly and four purposively sampled). We then examined syndromic surveillance information prospectively collected by the Real-time Syndromic Surveillance team within Public Health England for evidence of possible outbreak-related changes. None of the outbreaks were identified contemporaneously and no alerts were made to relevant public health teams. Retrospectively, two of the outbreaks – which happened at similar times and in proximal geographical locations – demonstrated changes in the local trends of relevant syndromic indicators and exhibited a clustering of statistical alarms, but did not warrant alerting local health protection teams. Our suite of syndromic surveillance systems may be more suited to their original purposes than as means of detecting or monitoring localized, subnational GI outbreaks. This should, however, be considered in the context of this study's limitations; further prospective work is needed to fully explore the use of syndromic surveillance for this purpose. Provided geographical coverage is sufficient, syndromic surveillance systems could be able to provide reassurance of no or minor excess healthcare systems usage during localized GI incidents.
Research and Evaluations of the Health Aspects of Disasters, Part IX: Risk-Reduction Framework
Authors: Birnbaum Marvin L. , Daily Elaine K. , O’Rourke Ann P. , Loretti Alessandro 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA disaster is a failure of resilience to an event. Mitigating the risks that a hazard will progress into a destructive event, or increasing the resilience of a society-at-risk, requires careful analysis, planning, and execution. The Disaster Logic Model (DLM) is used to define the value (effects, costs, and outcome(s)), impacts, and benefits of interventions directed at risk reduction. A Risk-Reduction Framework, based on the DLM, details the processes involved in hazard mitigation and/or capacity-building interventions to augment the resilience of a community or to decrease the risk that a secondary event will develop. This Framework provides the structure to systematically undertake and evaluate risk-reduction interventions. It applies to all interventions aimed at hazard mitigation and/or increasing the absorbing, buffering, or response capacities of a community-at-risk for a primary or secondary event that could result in a disaster. The Framework utilizes the structure provided by the DLM and consists of 14 steps: (1) hazards and risks identification; (2) historical perspectives and predictions; (3) selection of hazard(s) to address; (4) selection of appropriate indicators; (5) identification of current resilience standards and benchmarks; (6) assessment of the current resilience status; (7) identification of resilience needs; (8) strategic planning; (9) selection of an appropriate intervention; (10) operational planning; (11) implementation; (12) assessments of outputs; (13) synthesis; and (14) feedback. Each of these steps is a transformation process that is described in detail. Emphasis is placed on the role of Coordination and Control during planning, implementation of risk-reduction/capacity building interventions, and evaluation.BirnbaumML,DailyEK,O’RourkeAP,LorettiA.Research and evaluations of the health aspects of disasters, part IX: Risk-Reduction Framework.Prehosp Disaster Med.2016;31(3):309–325.
OBLIGATION AS WEAKEST PERMISSION: A STRONGLY COMPLETE AXIOMATIZATION
Authors: VAN DE PUTTE FREDERIK 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn (Anglbergeret al., 2015, Section 4.1), a deontic logic is proposed which explicates the idea that a formulaφis obligatory if and only if it is (semantically speaking) the weakest permission. We give a sound and strongly complete, Hilbert style axiomatization for this logic. As a corollary, it is compact, contradicting earlier claims from Anglbergeret al.(2015). In addition, we prove that our axiomatization is equivalent to Anglberger et al.’s infinitary proof system, and show that our results are robust w.r.t. certain changes in the underlying semantics.
Sozial-Emotionale Kompetenz
Authors: Schmitz Muriel , Röhr-Sendlmeier Una M. 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung. Untersuchungsergebnisse zu einem Förderprogramm für Viertklässler werden vorgestellt, welches in drei Trainingseinheiten von je 90 Minuten Dauer darauf abzielt, sozial-emotionale Kompetenzen zu stärken. Durch das Training, das im Verlauf von vier Wochen stattfand, sollten auch längerfristig eine höhere Sensitivität und ein besseres Verständnis für Emotionen bei sich und anderen sowie eine verbesserte Fertigkeit zur Perspektivenübernahme in sozialen Konfliktsituationen und das Wissen über sozial angemessene Verhaltensweisen herausgebildet werden. An der fünfmonatigen Längsschnittstudie im Prä-Posttest-Kontrollgruppendesign mit Block-Randomisierung nahmen 184 Viertklässler teil; auf der Basis lückenloser Teilnahme konnten die Daten von 177 Kindern ausgewertet werden. Im Vergleich zum Ausgangsniveau verbesserte sich die Interventionsgruppe deutlich in allen trainierten Fertigkeiten sozial-emotionaler Kompetenz. Gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe, die kein Training erhielt, waren die Interventionskinder im Wissenstest am Ende des Untersuchungszeitraums im emotionalen Verständnis und der Perspektivenübernahme signifikant überlegen. Zum Posttest wurden sie von ihren Lehrkräften als deutlich sozial kompetenter eingeschätzt als vor dem Training. Befunde aus Vorläuferstudien bei Drittklässlern konnten bestätigt werden.
Real-time high dynamic range laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Vinegoni C. , Leon Swisher C. , Fumene Feruglio P. , Giedt R. J. , Rousso D. L. , Stapleton S. , Weissleder R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn conventional confocal/multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, images are typically acquired under ideal settings and after extensive optimization of parameters for a given structure or feature, often resulting in information loss from other image attributes. To overcome the problem of selective data display, we developed a new method that extends the imaging dynamic range in optical microscopy and improves the signal-to-noise ratio. Here we demonstrate how real-time and sequential high dynamic range microscopy facilitates automated three-dimensional neural segmentation. We address reconstruction and segmentation performance on samples with different size, anatomy and complexity. Finally, in vivo real-time high dynamic range imaging is also demonstrated, making the technique particularly relevant for longitudinal imaging in the presence of physiological motion and/or for quantification of in vivo fast tracer kinetics during functional imaging.
Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells prepared in ambient air irrespective of the humidity
Authors: Tai Qidong , You Peng , Sang Hongqian , Liu Zhike , Hu Chenglong , Chan Helen L. W. , Yan Feng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPoor stability of organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials in humid condition has hindered the success of perovskite solar cells in real applications since controlled atmosphere is required for device fabrication and operation, and there is a lack of effective solutions to this problem until now. Here we report the use of lead (II) thiocyanate (Pb(SCN)2) precursor in preparing perovskite solar cells in ambient air. High-quality CH3NH3PbI3−x(SCN)x perovskite films can be readily prepared even when the relative humidity exceeds 70%. Under optimized processing conditions, we obtain devices with an average power conversion efficiency of 13.49% and the maximum efficiency over 15%. In comparison with typical CH3NH3PbI3-based devices, these solar cells without encapsulation show greatly improved stability in humid air, which is attributed to the incorporation of thiocyanate ions in the crystal lattice. The findings pave a way for realizing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells in ambient atmosphere.
Practical carbon–carbon bond formation from olefins through nickel-catalyzed reductive olefin hydrocarbonation
Authors: Lu Xi , Xiao Bin , Zhang Zhenqi , Gong Tianjun , Su Wei , Yi Jun , Fu Yao , Liu Lei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNew carbon–carbon bond formation reactions expand our horizon of retrosynthetic analysis for the synthesis of complex organic molecules. Although many methods are now available for the formation of C(sp2)–C(sp3) and C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds via transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of alkyl organometallic reagents, direct use of readily available olefins in a formal fashion of hydrocarbonation to make C(sp2)–C(sp3) and C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds remains to be developed. Here we report the discovery of a general process for the intermolecular reductive coupling of unactivated olefins with alkyl or aryl electrophiles under the promotion of a simple nickel catalyst system. This new reaction presents a conceptually unique and practical strategy for the construction of C(sp2)–C(sp3) and C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds without using any organometallic reagent. The reductive olefin hydrocarbonation also exhibits excellent compatibility with varieties of synthetically important functional groups and therefore, provides a straightforward approach for modification of complex organic molecules containing olefin groups.
Formation of calcium sulfate through the aggregation of sub-3 nanometre primary species
Authors: Stawski Tomasz M. , van Driessche Alexander E.S. , Ossorio Mercedes , Diego Rodriguez-Blanco Juan , Besselink Rogier , Benning Liane G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe formation pathways of gypsum remain uncertain. Here, using trulyin situand fast time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, we quantify the four-stage solution-based nucleation and growth of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), an important mineral phase on Earth and Mars. The reaction starts through the fast formation of well-defined, primary species of <3 nm in length (stage I), followed in stage II by their arrangement into domains. The variations in volume fractions and electron densities suggest that these fast forming primary species contain Ca–SO4-cores that self-assemble in stage III into large aggregates. Within the aggregates these well-defined primary species start to grow (stage IV), and fully crystalize into gypsum through a structural rearrangement. Our results allow for a quantitative understanding of how natural calcium sulfate deposits may form on Earth and how a terrestrially unstable phase-like bassanite can persist at low-water activities currently dominating the surface of Mars.
Birth mode-dependent association between pre-pregnancy maternal weight status and the neonatal intestinal microbiome
Authors: Mueller Noel T. , Shin Hakdong , Pizoni Aline , Werlang Isabel C. , Matte Ursula , Goldani Marcelo Z. , Goldani Helena A. S. , Dominguez-Bello Maria Gloria 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe intestinal microbiome is a unique ecosystem that influences metabolism in humans. Experimental evidence indicates that intestinal microbiota can transfer an obese phenotype from humans to mice. Since mothers transmit intestinal microbiota to their offspring during labor, we hypothesized that among vaginal deliveries, maternal body mass index is associated with neonatal gut microbiota composition. We report the association of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index on stool microbiota from 74 neonates, 18 born vaginally (5 to overweight or obese mothers) and 56 by elective C-section (26 to overweight or obese mothers). Compared to neonates delivered vaginally to normal weight mothers, neonates born to overweight or obese mothers had a distinct gut microbiota community structure (weighted UniFrac distance PERMANOVA, p < 0.001), enriched in Bacteroides and depleted in Enterococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Hydrogenophilus. We show that these microbial signatures are predicted to result in functional differences in metabolic signaling and energy regulation. In contrast, among elective Cesarean deliveries, maternal body mass index was not associated with neonatal gut microbiota community structure (weighted UniFrac distance PERMANOVA, p = 0.628). Our findings indicate that excess maternal pre-pregnancy weight is associated with differences in neonatal acquisition of microbiota during vaginal delivery, but not Cesarean delivery. These differences may translate to altered maintenance of metabolic health in the offspring.
Engineering entangled microwave photon states through multiphoton interactions between two cavity fields and a superconducting qubit
Authors: Zhao Yan-Jun , Wang Changqing , Zhu Xiaobo , Liu Yu-xi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIt has been shown that there are not only transverse but also longitudinal couplings between microwave fields and a superconducting qubit with broken inversion symmetry of the potential energy. Using multiphoton processes induced by longitudinal coupling fields and frequency matching conditions, we design a universal algorithm to produce arbitrary superpositions of two-mode photon states of microwave fields in two separated transmission line resonators, which are coupled to a superconducting qubit. Based on our algorithm, we analyze the generation of evenly-populated states and NOON states. Compared to other proposals with only single-photon process, we provide an efficient way to produce entangled microwave photon states when the interactions between superconducting qubits and microwave fields are in the strong and ultrastrong regime.
Expansion of a bitter taste receptor family in a polyphagous insect herbivore
Authors: Xu Wei , Papanicolaou Alexie , Zhang Hui-Jie , Anderson Alisha 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Insect taste system plays a central role in feeding behaviours and co-evolution of insect-host interactions. Gustatory receptors form the interface between the insect taste system and the environment. From genome and transcriptome sequencing we identified 197 novel gustatory receptor (GR) genes from the polyphagous pest Helicoverpa armigera. These GRs include a significantly expanded bitter receptor family (180 GRs) that could be further divided into three categories based on polypeptide lengths, gene structure and amino acid sequence. Type 1 includes 29 bitter Gr genes that possess introns. Type 2 includes 13 long intronless bitter Gr genes, while Type 3 comprises 131 short intronless bitter Gr genes. Calcium imaging analysis demonstrated that three Type 3 GRs (HarmGR35, HarmGR50 and HarmGR195) can be activated by a crude extract of cotton leaves. HarmGR195, a GR specifically and selectively expressed in adult tarsi, showed a specific response to proline, an amino acid widely present in plant tissues. We hypothesise that the expansion in the H. armigera GR family may be functionally tied to its polyphagous behavior. Understanding the molecular basis of polyphagy may provide opportunities for the development of new environmentally friendly pest control strategies.
Aqueous reactive species induced by a surface air discharge: Heterogeneous mass transfer and liquid chemistry pathways
Authors: Liu D. X. , Liu Z. C. , Chen C. , Yang A. J. , Li D. , Rong M. Z. , Chen H. L. , Kong M. G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPlasma-liquid interaction is a critical area of plasma science and a knowledge bottleneck for many promising applications. In this paper, the interaction between a surface air discharge and its downstream sample of deionized water is studied with a system-level computational model, which has previously reached good agreement with experimental results. Our computational results reveal that the plasma-induced aqueous species are mainly H+, nitrate, nitrite, H2O2 and O3. In addition, various short-lived aqueous species are also induced, regardless whether they are generated in the gas phase first. The production/loss pathways for aqueous species are quantified for an air gap width ranging from 0.1 to 2 cm, of which heterogeneous mass transfer and liquid chemistry are found to play a dominant role. The short-lived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are strongly coupled in liquid-phase reactions: NO3 is an important precursor for short-lived ROS, and in turn OH, O2− and HO2 play a crucial role for the production of short-lived RNS. Also, heterogeneous mass transfer depends strongly on the air gap width, resulting in two distinct scenarios separated by a critical air gap of 0.5 cm. The liquid chemistry is significantly different in these two scenarios.