bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antenatally Detected Klinefelter's Syndrome in Twins
Authors: Flannery D.B. , Brown J.A. , Redwine F.O. , Winter P. , Nance W.E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn increased incidence of twinning has been reported among patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY) and their relatives, but no data have been reported about the incidence of XXY among twins. Results from our institution's antenatal testing clinic provide data about twins and XXY. In 1842 pregnancies tested, 21 were noted to be twin gestations. Five fetuses with XXY were detected in all pregnancies, of which there was a pair of MZ twins concordant for XXY and a pair of DZ twins discordant for XXY. The incidence of XXY in twins was thus 7,1%. The fetal phenotype of XXY was examined in aborted MZ twins and found to be mild. Notably, the testicular histology was normal. These cases confirm the previously reported association of twinning and XXY. The association of twinning and XXY implies a commonality of causation; however, a maternal age effect cannot be excluded. Our data suggest that there is an increased risk of XXY among twins.
Situs Viscerum Specularis in Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Gedda L. , Sciacca A. , Brenci G. , Villatico S. , Bonanni G. , Gueli N. , Talone C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA case is reported of a 14-year old male MZ twin pair, with only one partner affected by situs viscerum inversus, whereby the condition is termed situs viscerum specularis. The high degree of mirror imaging is seen as an abnormal variation of the biological time of the cleavage giving rise to MZ twinning. Electrocardiographic findings are presented and the biological implications of the condition are discussed.
Multiple Birth Rates in Japan: Further Analysis
Authors: Imaizumi Y. , Inouye E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe rates of MZ and DZ twin births and of triplet births slightly decreased in Japan in 1955-1967 and 1974, whereas that of trizygotic triplets tripled. The rates of triplet and quadruplet births were comparable to those of Caucasians. Although the sample size is small, Japan seems to be characterized by higher rates of triplets and quadruplets of polyembryonal origin and lower rates of those of polyovulational origin as compared to Caucasian populations. Stillbirth rates in both MZ and DZ twins gradually decreased in 1960-1967 and 1974. The rate was higher in MZ than DZ twins, and higher in males than females. The secular trends of stillbirth rates in like-sexed triplets was similar to that in twins, whereas the rate in unlike-sexed triplets remained almost constant for the entire period. The rate was higher in like-sexed than unlike-sexed triplets.
ABO Saliva and Plasma Agglutinins in Twins
Authors: Callegari Sidia M. , Salzano F.M. , Peña Heloisa F. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe levels of ABO plasma agglutinins were studied in 47 MZ and 30 same-sex DZ pairs of twins having the same blood group. The degree of genetic determination of this characteristic, as ascertained by the comparison of average titers and titration scores, does not seem to be high; despite the fact that the correlation coefficients were always lower among DZ, theFratio was significant in relation to the anti-B of A persons only. The presence of these antibodies was also investigated in the saliva of 30 MZ and 26 DZ pairs. Since about the same degree of discordance was observed among these two types of twins, the role of inheritance in the variability of this trait must be low.
Taste Sensitivity to Phenylthiourea Among Leprosy and Filarial Patients in Coastal Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Busi B.R. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryTaste blindness for PTC has been studied in (a) 416 leprosy patients and 424 healthy subjects, and (b) 261 filarial patients and 136 normal individuals of both sexes. A significant difference was found between leprosy patients and the healthy control group in the proportion of nontasters (χ2 = 4.096, for 1 DF, P〈0.05). No significant difference could be observed between the filariasis and the control group (χ2 = 0.605, for 1 DF, P〉0.30).
The Fingerprints of the Sayyads of Lucknow Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Srivastava A.C. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA study of the fingerprints of the Sayyads of Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh, has given the following frequencies: whorls 40.87%, loops 56.33% and arches 2.80%. The mean pattern intensity is 13.81 ± 0.27, showing no significant differences with neither the upper nor the lower-caste Hindus of U.P., excepting the Purabia Chamar.As for the ridge count, the Sayyads show a mean of 151.52 ± 3.62, which is highest as compared to Hindu populations of U.P. However, no significant differences are apparent between the Sayyads and Brahmins, Rajputs, and Ahirs. The Sayyads are found to differ significantly from the earlier Muslim sample reported by Singh (1961).A comparison of the Sayyads with their coreligionists residing in the distant lands from India fails to reveal consistent dermatoglyphic affinities.
Twins in Nature, Science, and Society
Authors: Gedda Luigi 
Published: July 2016

Signor Presidente della Repubblica Italiana,Signor Sindaco,Signor Ministro,Eccellenza Rev.ma,Signori Ambasciatori,Signor Preside della Facoltà Medica dell'Università di Roma,Onorevoli Autorità, Congressisti di 30 Nazioni, Gemelli e Amici dei Gemelli,Nel settembre del 1953 veniva inaugurato in Roma l'Istituto di Genetica Medica e di Gemellologia Gregorio Mendel.Per i vent'anni dell'Istituto Mendel abbiamo aperto la celebrazione con il Congresso Internazionale di Neurogenetica ed ora la chiudiamo con il Primo Congresso Internazionale di Studi Gemellari. La Neurogenetica come specializzazione della Genetica Medica e gli Studi Gemellari come espressione scientifica della Gemellologia inquadrano bene il significato del lavoro che l'Istituto Mendel va sviluppando, e la vostra presenza, cosí autorevole, significativa e cordiale, dona il più ambito coronamento civico, scientifico e umano al ricordo della nostra fondazione.Noi vi ringraziamo con semplicità ma con schiettezza e rispettosamente ringrazio il Capo dello Stato per il prestigio della sua carica e della sua persona, ed anche perché proviene da una regione italiana, la Campania, che batte il record per la frequenza dei gemelli nella popolazione (25‰). Come ringrazio sentitamente il Sindaco che ci permette di aprire il Congresso in Campidoglio, luogo che ha il potere, come nessun altro al mondo, di evocare e sublimare quella singolare condizione umana che consiste nella gemellità: l'essere gemelli. Qui vi è la lupa che dà il suo latte ai gemelli dimostrando che la fiera è pietosa più della donna che espone i suoi figli alla morte. Qui sono Romolo e Remo che il mito esalta come fondatori di città, Romolo di Roma e Remo di Siena.
Psychological Follow-up Study of Twins from Birth to Five Years
Authors: De Coster W. , Lerou J. , Dutoit C. , De Zutter M. , Derom R. , Thiery M. , Vandierendonck A. 
Published: July 2016

Classical psychological twin studies have yielded in part equivocal and sometimes contradictory results. Besides the complexity of the problem, the delicate character of the diagnosis, and the rudimentary tools which were used, several other factors are underlying this situation: (1) insufficient systematization of the set-up and the careless design of the investigations; (2) lack of follow-up studies; (3) uncertain diagnosis of zygosity; in MZ twins no attention to the age of the ovum at the time of cleavage; (4) lack of consideration for antenatal and perinatal influences; (5) no attention to the typical circumstances linked to the twin situation. All this makes it difficult to balance nature against nurture on the basis of comparison between MZ twins, DZ twins, and singletons. Interactions may also appear between the effect of twinning and other factors such as the socioeconomic circumstances. A new investigation was therefore started where, besides the twins, a group of matched control singletons was constituted. The follow-up study is now completed up to the age of 5 years in 13 MZ and 20 DZ twin pairs (+ controls, that is to say, 99 children).The children were observed and subjected to psychological tests at the age of 6 months and of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years.
Influence of magnesium deficiency on horse foal tissue concentrations of Mg, calcium and phosphorus
Authors: Harrington D. D. 
Published: July 2016

1. The effects of feeding with a purified magnesium-deficient diet (−Mg, 7–8 mg Mg/kg) on horse foal blood serum and tissue concentrations of Mg, calcium and phosphorus were studied, and the results compared with histopathological findings.2. Serum concentrations of Ca and P were unaffected by feeding with the −Mg diet, whereas serum Mg concentrations decreased from a mean initial (day 0) concentration of 0.78 mmol/l to 0.53 mmol/l 7 d after foals were placed on the −Mg diet, and then continued to decrease at a slower rate.3. Aorta concentrations of Ca and P, but not Mg, were positively correlated with the period of time foals were given the −Mg diet, verifying histopathological findings. Results for both aorta Ca and P analyses and histopathological studies indicated that mineralization of the aorta began approximately 30–35 d after foals were placed on the −Mg diet.4. Feeding with the −Mg diet had no significant, analytically detectable effect on brain, liver, kidney, lung, spleen, skeletal or cardiac muscle concentrations of Ca, P or Mg, although microscopic evidence of mineralization was seen in some of these tissues from foals given the −Mg diet for 71–180 d.5. A significant negative correlation was found between bone ash concentrations of Mg (rib, metacarpus and metatarsus) and the length of time foals were fed on the −Mg diet. Bone ash concentrations of Ca and P were, however, unchanged.6. Low serum Mg values and negative correlations between the bone ash concentration of Mg and the period of time foals were fed on the −Mg diet supplemented with 390 mg Mg as MgO/kg were interpreted as suggesting that either this level of Mg supplementation is marginal for the growing foal, or that the Mg in MgO is not readily available to the growing foal.
Studies on the fortification of cane sugar with iron and ascorbic acid
Authors: Disler P. B. , Lynch S. R. , Charlton R. W. , Bothwell T. H. , Walker R. B. , Mayet Fatima 
Published: July 2016

1. The feasibility of improving iron nutrition by fortifying cane sugar with Fe and ascorbic acid was studied.2. It was found to be possible to add a number of Fe salts together with ascorbic acid to sugar without affecting its appearance or storage properties.3. The absorption of Fe from fortified sugar eaten with maize-meal porridge or made into jam or biscuits was measured in ninety-four volunteer multiparous Indian women using the59Fe erythrocyte utilization method.4. The absorption of Fe from sugar fortified with ascorbic acid and ferrous sulphate and eaten with maize-meal porridge was increased about twofold if the ratio, ascorbic acid: Fe was 10:1 by weight. If the ratio was increased to 20:1, Fe absorption was increased a further threefold.5. Sugar fortified with soluble Fe salts, including FeSO4. 7H2O, discoloured both tea and coffee; sugar fortified with ferric orthophosphate did not have this effect.6. Fe from FePO4. H2O was poorly absorbed when added with sugar to maize-meal porridge, and also when added with adequate quantities of ascorbic acid. This form of Fe was absorbed much less well than was the intrinsic Fe present in the maize.7. When sugar fortified with FePO4.H2O and ascorbic acid was added to maize-meal porridge before cooking or was made into jam there was a several-fold increase in the amount of Fe absorbed.
The participation of methionine and cysteine in the formation of bonds resistant to the action of proteolytic enzymes in heated casein
Authors: Pieniaźek Danuta , Rakowska Maria , Kunachowicz Hanna 
Published: July 2016

1. The influence of temperature, moisture content and the presence of glucose on the level of available methionine and cysteine in casein was studied.2. Differences between total and available methionine and cysteine contents of heated casein (90° for 24 h) were determined by an in vitro method. The maximum losses in total and available methionine content were 22 and 51% respectively. The losses in total and available cysteine content were 24 and 100% respectively.3. The results indicated that for heated casein the release of amino acids by proteolytic enzymes was less complete than for native casein.4. The results of rat growth assays suggested that diets containing oxidized casein are less well utilized by rats than those containing native casein. The decrease in body-weight of rats receiving the diets containing oxidized casein could be counteracted by the addition of methionine and 20 g unoxidized casein/kg diet.5. There was a lower level of some available amino acids (determined after enzymic hydrolysis using pancreatopeptidase E (EC3.4.4.7), leucine aminopeptidase (EC3.4.1.1) and prolidase (EC3.4.3.7)), including those essential for the rat, in oxidized casein as compared with native casein.6. Cysteic acid, in oxidized casein, probably makes impossible the utilization of the amino acids in its neighbourhood.7. From the differences in the available amino acid contents of the native, oxidized and heated casein it was concluded that the oxidation of casein causes the formation of complexes in the polypeptide chain, resistant to enzymic hydrolysis, but to a much lesser extent than does heating.
Substrate interactions on the intestinal mucosa: a concept for the regulation of intestinal digestion
Authors: Ugolev A. M. , Gruzdkov A. A. , De Laey P. , Egorova V. V. , Iezuitova N. N. , Koltushkina G. G. , Timofeeva N. M. , Tulyaganova E. Ch. , Tsvetkova V. A. , Chernyakhovskaya M. Yu. , Shcherbakov G. G. 
Published: July 2016

1. The hydrolysis of glycyl-L-leucine, glycyl-L-tyrosine, tributyrin, sucrose, maltose, soluble starch and α- and β-glycerophosphates by everted segments of rat intestine was estimated separately or in combination.2. A comparative study showed significant interaction between different substrates which affected their digestion.3. Two types of interaction were identified: products of hydrolysis (1) affected the hydrolysis of homologous substances, e.g. methionine and alanine inhibited glycyl-L-leucine hydrolysis, maltose reduced glucoamylase (α-1, 4-glucan glucohydrolase;EC3.2.1.3) activity (intracatenary interactions); (2) interfered with the hydrolysis of a different group of substances, e.g. tributyrin inhibited dipeptidase (glycyl-L-leucine hydrolase;EC3.4.3.2) and alkaline phosphatase (EC3.1.3.1), glycyl-L-leucine interfered with the activity of the latter enzyme (intercatenary interactions).4. Mechanisms of interactions were suggested by the results of a comparison of the extent of inhibition or activation of two enzymes (glycyl-L-leucine hydrolase and alkaline phosphatase) in situ in everted intestinal segments or after solubilization with papain or Triton X-100, and different treatments known to affect allosteric sites of these enzymes.5. Tributyrin and dipeptides were found to act on alkaline phosphatase as allosteric regulators. A discontinuity of the Arrhenius plot suggested the existence of different enzyme conformations which were re-arranged by tributyrin.6. Substrate interactions in digestion were found in adult rat, cat, rabbit and hen. Substantial differences were found between classes (Aves and Mammalia), orders (rodents, lagomorphs and carnivores) and between age-groups within an animal strain (in this instance, for the rat).7. These interactions are thought to be involved in the co-ordination of digestion with intestinal absorption and to regulate the time and site of subsequent hydrolysis.
The effect of feeding high levels of low-quality proteins to growing chickens
Authors: Wetnli E. , Morris T. R. , Shresta T. P. 
Published: July 2016

1. Three growth trials were done using male broiler chicks. In the first two trials, groundnut meal was used, with and without supplementary methionine and lysine. In the third trial, soya-bean meal was used with and without supplementary methionine. Protein levels ranged in the first trial from 120 to 420 g/kg diet and in the third trial from 120 to 300 g/kg diet. Thus the assumed minimal amino acid requirements of the chick were supplied by high levels of low-quality dietary protein.2. Diets based on cereals and groundnut meal did not support maximum live-weight gain or maximum efficiency of food utilization at any level of dietary protein. When the principal deficiencies of lysine and methionine were corrected, this protein mixture was capable of supporting the same growth rate as a control diet of cereals and herring meal.3. Diets based on maize and soya-bean meal did not support quite the same growth rate as similar diets supplemented with methionine, even though the protein level in the unsupplemented diets was sufficient to meet the assumed methionine requirements.4. These results are interpreted as examples of amino acid imbalance in diets composed of familiar feeding-stuffs. It is concluded that one cannot assume that the poor quality of a protein source can always be offset by increasing the concentration of dietary protein.
The effect of glucose infusion on the plasma free amino acids in sheep
Authors: Offer N. W. , Tas M. V. , Axford R. F. E. , Evans R. A. 
Published: July 2016

1. Glucose in solution in saline, or saline alone, was administered to a group of twenty ewes during late pregnancy and again after lambing. Sequential blood samples were taken before and after the infusion and the concentration of plasma free amino acids was determined.2. The effect of glucose was to reduce the concentrations of all amino acids except alanine. The reduction was greatest for tryptophan in the pregnant sheep, but this amino acid showed no significant change in the lactating animals.3. An attempt to rank the amino acids on the basis of their response to glucose infusion indicated that, with the exception of tryptophan for the preparturient ewes, groups of essential amino acids could not be distinguished from each other. These groups were, for the preparturient sheep, valine, leucine, phenylalanine and isoleucine, and for the postparturient animals, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, valine and phenylalanine.
Effects of severe energy and protein deficiencies on the fibres and nuclei in skeletal muscle of pigs
Authors: Stickland N. C. , Widdowson Elsie M. , Goldspink G. 
Published: July 2016

1. Measurements have been made of the size and number of muscle fibres and number of nuclei in a small indicator muscle (m. flexor digiti V brevis) in the fore-foot of the pig. Wellnourished, 10-d-old and 1-year-old animals were studied, as well as 1- and 2-year-old animals that were severely energy-deficient and protein-deficient.2. The normal 1-year-old animals had much larger muscle fibres, with more nuclei, than the pigs in any of the other groups.3. There were no significant differences between the numbers of fibres in the muscles of pigs in any of the four groups.4. There was a significant difference between the number of fibres in the muscles of pigs coming from different litters, irrespective of their dietary history after birth. This suggests that the number of fibres is determined genetically before birth, and all that can take place after birth is an alteration in size.
New inhibitors of methane production by rumen micro-organisms. Experiments with animals and other practical possibilities
Authors: Czerkawski J. W. , Breckenridge Grace 
Published: July 2016

1. Two inhibitors of rumen methane production were given to sheep and their effects were measured using an in vitro technique.2. The substances used were trichloroethyl pivalate (TCE-P) and trichloroethyl adipate (TCE-A). In one experiment with two sheep TCE-P was injected into the rumen and in another experiment with two sheep the same inhibitor was mixed with the food just before feeding. In another experiment, TCE-A was given to two sheep at two dose levels, and in an experiment with four sheep two levels of inhibitor and two levels of diet were used.3. In general the inhibition of methane production was greater with samples of rumen contents taken after feeding than with those taken before feeding. When sheep were given 120–300 mg TCE-P/d the inhibition of methane production ranged from 21 to 81%. When sheep given maintenance rations were given 125–300 mg TCE-A/d there was 28–90% inhibition of methane production. When sheep were given twice maintenance rations 150 mg TCE-A/d gave no inhibition and 300 mg TCE-A/d gave very low inhibition of methane production (about 16%).4. In most experiments there was a significant increase in the propionic acid:acetic acid concentration ratio in the rumen when methane production was inhibited.5. The possible practical use of inhibitors is discussed.
Serum colloidal osmotic pressure in the development of kwashiorkor and in recovery: its relationship to albumin and globulin concentrations and oedema
Authors: Coward W. A. 
Published: July 2016

1. Serum colloidal osmotic pressure was measured in children ‘at risk’ to kwashiorkor, in others with frank signs of the disease and during recovery. Simultaneous estimations of serum albumin and globulin concentrations and assessments of the extent of oedema were also made.2. During the development of kwashiorkor, serum colloidal osmotic pressure did not decrease significantly until albumin concentration was 25.1–27.5 g/l. Above 30.0 g/l, colloidal osmotic pressure was maintained at normal levels during which time a significant reciprocal relationship existed between albumin and globulin concentrations. These findings provide support for suggestions that there may be an oncotic regulation of albumin synthesis.3. Low albumin concentrations were mainly responsible for the low colloidal osmotic pressures found in children with kwashiorkor and in agreement with previous findings the threshold for the formation of oncotic oedema was found to be about 2.35–2.65 kN/m2.4. Values for colloidal osmotic pressure calculated from serum albumin and gobulin concentrations using empirical formulas did not agree well with measured values and no constant correction factor suitable over the whole range of albumin concentrations found in rural Ugandan children could be devised. In many hypoalbuminaemic children only direct measurement of serum colloidal osmotic pressure will indicate the true extent of risk to an episode of oedema.