bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of artificially induced fever on serum proteins, vitamin levels and hematological values in human subjects
Authors: Méndez José , Scrimshaw Nevin S. , Salvadó Carlos , Selva Manuel López 
Published: December 2017

Ten male subjects in apparently good health were submitted to artificial hyperpyrexia of 2°–3℃ above their initial orally determined body temperature for 2-hour periods. The pulse rate was markedly increased and the diastolic blood pressure was markedly decreased. Other major changes observed were a highly significant decrease of serum vitamin A levels and a highly significant increase of the white cell count, due primarily to an increase of the neutrophils. An eosinopenic effect observed was believed to be related to the stress of fever treatment. Minor changes were observed in the red cell count and in the serum gamma globulin fraction, which showed a delayed decrease. No changes were observed in carotene, vitamin E, alkaline phosphatase, riboflavin, or ascorbic acid. Submitted on January 16, 1959
Changes in osmotic pressure and ionic concentrations of plasma during muscular work and recovery
Authors: Lanne R. De , Barnes J. R. , Brouha L. 
Published: December 2017

Changes in the plasma ions and osmolality as a result of exercise under several controlled environmental conditions were investigated. The plasma osmolality rises slightly but significantly during exercise largely because of increases in Na+, K+, Ca++, phosphate, lactate and proteinate. These ions are influenced as much by the environmental temperature and humidity as by exercise. When the changes in ion concentration and hence the osmolality of the plasma are small, the total base is better measured by the depression of the freezing point rather than by conductometry. Submitted on May 11, 1959
Experimental alterations of certain colloidal properties of blood during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Owens Guy , Adams J. E. , McElhannon F. M. , Youngblood R. W. 
Published: December 2017

Microscopic examination of brain, kidney and lung tissues from patients whose unexplained deaths occurred shortly following cardiopulmonary bypass procedures have revealed varying degrees of systemic fat embolization. Similar findings have been observed experimentally in animals when cardiopulmonary bypass has been maintained by a stationary screen oxygenator for prolonged periods. These findings were not altered by changes in the heparin level, the utilization of protamine or by the type of anesthetic agent employed. Animals receiving replacement transfusions of blood, which had circulated in the pump-oxygenator for 2 hours, demonstrated large quantities of peripheral fat emboli. However, very few fat emboli were found if the oxygenator was omitted from the circuit. Submitted on May 28, 1959
Paradoxical effect of an orally ingested histamine analogue on capillaries and arteriovenous anastomoses of the human digit
Authors: Naftchi Nosrat , Mendlowitz Milton , Weinreb Herbert L. , Gitlow Stanley 
Published: December 2017

The effect on the circulation of an orally ingested histamine analogue was studied in nine human subjects, and of subcutaneously administered histamine phosphate in four human subjects. In the digit, a paradoxical effect was observed consisting of capillary and venular dilatation and constriction of arteriovenous anastomoses. The latter effect was probably a reflex response to heat loss caused by the generalized dermal capillary dilatation which was the direct effect of the drug. Submitted on March 18, 1959
Adaptive changes to moderate seasonal heat in human subjects
Authors: Mefferd Roy B. 
Published: December 2017

The excretion patterns of 29 members (including children) of 7 south Texas Caucasian families of varying economic status were determined each November (neutral-cool, averaging 68.7°F) and May (warm, averaging 81.6°F) for 3 consecutive years, to determine whether heat-adaptive mechanisms were stimulated by a moderate increase in average temperature as contrasted to intense heat. Four timed overnight samples from each person were analyzed in each period for five electrolytes, five nitrogenous waste products and thirteen amino acids. Excretion rates of most substances were lower in November than in May. Creatinine and the magnesium/calcium ratio were elevated, however, and the urine volume, magnesium, urea, glutamic acid, arginine and the sodium/potassium and uric acid/creatinine ratios did not change significantly. The excretion patterns of the heat-adapted human subjects were strikingly similar to those seen in heat-adapted rats. Submitted on April 13, 1959
Effects of restraint on rats exposed to high temperature
Authors: Frankel Harry M. 
Published: December 2017

Male rats were placed in a cage either 8 in. x 8 in. x 10 in. (free) or 2 in. x 2 in. x 8 in. (restrained) and exposed to ambient temperatures between 40° and 60°C. ‘Restrained’ rats died sooner than ‘free’ animals at all temperatures. There was no significant difference between final rectal temperatures of free and restrained rats at ambient temperatures greater than 40°C; mean for these groups was 44.6°C. At 40°C the final rectal temperature was slightly lower in the restrained group (43.4° vs. 44.6°C). Restraint had no significant effect on the constituents of the blood examined. Serum potassium and specific gravity and blood hematocrits were increased and serum sodium was unchanged in heat-exposed rats compared with controls at 26°C. Serum calcium varied irregularly with exposure temperature. Submitted on December 23, 1958
Small volume perfusion system of the isolated rat liver
Authors: Burton Stanley D. , St. George Shirley , Ishida Tadashi 
Published: December 2017

A perfusion system utilizing 25 ml of heparinized whole blood as a perfusate has been developed to study the metabolism of the isolated rat liver. Changes in the composition of the plasma of the perfusate were studied by circulation of the whole blood for 3 hours in the presence and absence of the liver. The discharge of glucose by the liver is marked by a pronounced initial hyperglycemia, which is countered slightly by red cell glycolysis. Despite continuous carbohydrate metabolism, a fall in sodium and a rise in potassium concentration occurs, ascribable chiefly to alteration of red blood cells. The hepatic glycogen content decreased slightly during perfusion. Urea production and bile flow were well preserved. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of Donna Cary and Veronica Mena) Submitted on June 26, 1959
Tactile discrimination and skin temperature
Authors: Provins K. A. , Morton Rosemary 
Published: December 2017

Ten subjects immersed an index finger in water at 0.75°C for 40 minutes. Two-edge threshold discrimination was tested during cooling of the finger and subsequent spontaneous rewarming due to cold vasodilatation. There was a marked deterioration of tactile discrimination at finger skin temperatures below about 8°C, although the curve showing the mean decrease of numbness with increasing skin temperature was displaced relative to the curve showing the mean increase of numbness with decreasing skin temperature. Tactile discrimination was also tested on five subjects at each of six water bath temperatures (2°, 4°, 6°, 8°, 15° and 30°C). At each temperature the finger was immersed for 20 minutes and the finger circulation arrested after the first 5 minutes. There was little impairment of two-edge discrimination after 15–20 minutes immersion of the finger at temperatures of 6°C or higher. At 4°C there was marked impairment, and at 2°C all subjects experienced complete numbness at the test site. Submitted on May 18, 1959
Tissue carbon dioxide concentrations in rats during acute respiratory acidosis
Authors: Thompson Alan M. , Brown E. B. 
Published: December 2017

Tissue carbon dioxide concentrations were measured in rats following exposure of the intact animals to 10% or 30% Co2 in oxygen for time intervals from 5 minutes to 2.5 hours. The rats were sacrificed by decapitation. The average normal Co2 concentrations in skeletal muscle, heart and brain were 13.2, 18.6 and 15.1 mm/kg of wet tissue, respectively. The tissue Co2 increased at about the same rate, relative to normal concentration, in each of the three tissues, the concentration approximately doubling in the first 35 minutes on 30% Co2. The skeletal muscle Co2 concentration on 30% Co2 followed a single exponential curve in which the rate constant was 0.036 min.-1. Tissue Co2 capacity curves and data on the rate of Co2 loss post mortem are presented. The barium-soluble Co2 fraction of Conway and Fearon was found to increase in skeletal muscle from 9.4 to 14.6 mm/kg wet tissue when rats had been on 30% Co2 for 1 hour. Even in control rats this fraction showed a large variability and may have little physiological significance. Submitted on April 23, 1959
Mechanical properties and dimensions of the major pulmonary arteries
Authors: Patel Dali J. , Schilder Donald P. , Mallos Alexander J. 
Published: December 2017

The relationship between instantaneous distending pressure and diameter of the pulmonary artery was studied in 18 living thoracotomized dogs. An electrical caliper with adequate recording characteristics was developed for instantaneous diameter measurement. Control observations were made over a range of pressures induced by rapid, right heart dextran-infusion and were compared with those obtained during norepinephrine administration. Results indicate: a) the pulse contours of the pulmonary artery pressure and diameter are essentially identical, indicating negligible inertance and viscous resistance of the vessel wall, b) the mean change in average radius during a cardiac cycle was ±7.8% ± 2.86 S.D. ± .32 S.E.M. (0.48%/cm H2O pulse pressure) under control conditions, c) the ratio of change in radius to pulse pressure, R/P, showed a significant decrease during norepinephrine administration when compared to control values within the same pressure range (P < .01) and d) the cross-sectional area of the main pulmonary artery exceeded that of the right and left combined. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of Alfred G. T. Casper) Submitted on August 25, 1959
Flicker fusion thresholds in control subjects and identical twins
Authors: Murawski Benjamin J. 
Published: December 2017

Flicker fusion thresholds were investigated in 18 unrelated subjects and 5 pairs of identical twins. Analysis of variance of the findings on 18 subjects followed for 5 weeks demonstrated that flicker fusion thresholds were relatively constant for each individual. Individual differences far outweighed the degree of variability in the same individual from one day to the next. An hypothesis of constitutional determinants of the threshold of fusion appeared to be confirmed in the observations on the identical twins. wSubmitted on July 22, 1959
Secretion from human submaxillary gland after section of the chorda tympani
Authors: Laage-Hellman Jan-Erik , Strömblad B. Charles R. 
Published: December 2017

The sensitivity of the human submaxillary gland to Mecholyl was followed after section of the chorda tympani. A supersensitivity of a low degree developed. The low degree was considered due to the fact that the nerve section did not prevent reflex secretion. An unknown efferent parasympathetic pathway for this secretory reflex is postulated. Submitted on September 21, 1959
Principles of the Bohr integration procedure and their application to measurement of diffusing capacity of the lung for oxygen
Authors: Briehl Robin W. , Fishman Alfred P. 
Published: December 2017

This paper deals with the physiological implications of the successive steps which are involved in the determination of the diffusing capacity of the lungs for oxygen. In the course of the presentation, a ‘Bohr integral chart’ is derived and its geometrical and mathematical bases are indicated. The chart is of theoretical interest in elucidating physiological events, such as the rate of increase in the oxyhemoglobin saturation of blood traversing the pulmonary capillary. It also illustrates the principles which are entailed in use of two levels of oxygenation for the estimation of the diffusing capacity of the lungs for oxygen. An enlarged version of the chart has the practical advantage of simplifying the calculation of the diffusing capacity while keeping before the operator the assumptions and potential sources of error. Submitted on November 23, 1959
Compliance of the respiratory system and its components in health and obesity
Authors: Naimark A. , Cherniack R. M. 
Published: December 2017

The compliance of the total respiratory system and its components was studied in 24 normal and 12 obese spontaneously breathing unanesthetized subjects. The mean compliance of the total respiratory system was .119 l/cm H2O in normal individuals, but was .052 l/cm H2O in obese subjects. The difference indicated an increased elastic resistance to distention. The compliance of the lung in obese individuals was not different from that of the normals. The compliance of the chest wall was .224 l/cm H2O in normal subjects and was .077 l/cm H2O in obese individuals. In contrast to normal subjects, total respiratory compliance was markedly reduced by recumbency in obese individuals. This was entirely due to a further increase in the resistance of the chest wall. A significant correlation was demonstrated between vital capacity and total respiratory compliance in normal and obese subjects. It has been estimated that of the increase in the mechanical work of breathing in obesity is due to elastic work done on the chest wall. Submitted on November 2, 1959
Distribution of blood flow and ventilation-perfusion ratio in the lung, measured with radioactive CO2
Authors: West J. B. , Dollery C. T. 
Published: December 2017

Inhaled radioactive CO2 is rapidly taken up by pulmonary blood. By external counting over the chest during breath holding, the clearance rate of radioactive CO2xs from the counting field can be recorded, and is proportional to the regional perfusion. In normal subjects, the clearance rate varied from about 20%/ sec. at the base of the lung to virtually nil at the apex, and the change was approximately linear with distance up the chest. The difference between upper and lower zones was reduced on moderate exercise and eliminated when the subject lay on his back. By relating the counting rate at the end of inspiration to the volume of lung in the counting field, the difference in ventilation between upper and lower zones was measured and found to be small. Variation in ventilation-perfusion ratio was thus determined. Alveolar-arterial O2 gradient expected from this ventilation-perfusion ratio inequality was calculated to be about 4 mm Hg. This suggests that the variation in blood flow between upper and lower parts of the lung in erect man accounts for the whole of the ventilation-perfusion ratio inequality in the normal lung. Submitted on November 23, 1959
Ballistocardiographic response to hyperthermia
Authors: Moss Arthur J. , Bradley Bruce E. 
Published: December 2017

The body temperature of five normal subjects was raised to levels above 100.0°F through the use of a rubberized anti-exposure suit. The induced hyperkinetic cardiovascular state was studied on an ultra-low-frequency force ballistocardiogram. The ejection deflection (HI wave) consistently increased in amplitude and became more vertical during the hyperthermic state. The time duration from the onset of ventricular ejection to the J wave peak generally was shortened. These changes were interpreted in terms of the known cardiovascular response to the hyperkinetic state. Diminished peripheral resistance and its sequelae seemed to play a major role in the ballistocardiographic changes seen with hyperthermia. Submitted on November 23, 1959
Pain and thermal burns in skin areas previously exposed to ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Stoll Alice M. , Greene Leon C. , Hardy James D. 
Published: December 2017

In order to evaluate the relationship of tissue damage to pain sensation in areas of hyperalgesia, the skin of three subjects was irradiated with injurious doses of ultraviolet radiation and then exposed to thermal radiation. Measurements were made of the pain-threshold-lowering effect of the ultraviolet radiation and, following the development of the hyperalgesia, of the lowering of the blister threshold to thermal radiation. Lowering of the pain threshold of 4-7°C was observed, while the lowering of the blister threshold (i.e. the temperature at which blistering was produced) was of the order of 0.5°C. The ultraviolet-irradiated hyperalgesic skin is therefore not more fragile as regards moderately high temperature (50°C) and high temperature burns than is normal undamaged skin. This finding is in keeping with the previously proposed theory that the intensity of pain is a function of the relative reaction rates at the thermal threshold and at skin temperatures above this threshold. Theory predicts, however, that ultraviolet-irradiated skin heated to, and maintained at, relatively low temperatures (40–45°C) will be more easily blistered than will undamaged skin. Submitted on December 30, 1959
Magnesium metabolism in human beings: studies with Mg28
Authors: Aikawa Jerry K. , Gordon Gerald S. , Rhoades Eloise L. 
Published: December 2017

Mg28 was used to explore the kinetics of magnesium distribution in 9 normal individuals and in 16 patients with various diseases. When Mg28 was given in 12–30 mEq of stable magnesium intravenously, plasma disappearance was rapid within the first several hours. In normal subjects a mean of 19.8% of the injected radioactivity was accounted for in the urine within 24 hours. Fecal excretion was negligible, although equilibration of Mg28 in bile occurred within 18 hours. The specific activities of plasma and urine stabilized by the 18th hour, and showed only a gradual decrease thereafter. Exchangeable magnesium contents in normal subjects ranged between 2.6 and 5.3 mEq/kg of body weight—less than 16% of the estimated total body content of magnesium. Mg28 exchanged very slowly with the stable ion in bone, muscle and erythrocytes. The results in patients with diabetes mellitus and hepatic diseases showed no striking differences from those obtained in normal subjects. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of Dale R. Harms and Jacqueline Z. Reardon) Submitted on October 5, 1959
Response to ventilatory obstruction during steady-state exercise
Authors: Tabakin Burton S. , Hanson John S. 
Published: December 2017

Five normal male subjects, 27–37 years of age, were studied during steady-state treadmill exercise to observe the effects of varying expiratory airway obstruction on minute volume, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide elimination. A 5-mm-diameter resistance produced significant depressions in minute volume for the duration of the obstructed period. Carbon dioxide elimination showed significant reductions during the first 6 minutes of breathing against resistance. Oxygen uptake, however, was reduced significantly only during the 1st minute of obstructed breathing, but the reduction was great enough so that, despite subsequent rises in oxygen uptake, an ‘oxygen debt’ had already been incurred for the total period of obstruction. Following removal of the resistance, all these values rebounded to levels above those of the original steady state. The physiological mechanisms possibly effecting the response to obstruction are discussed. Submitted on February 24, 1959
Proteinuria during the 24-hour period following exercise
Authors: Coye Robert D. , Rosandich Ronald R. 
Published: December 2017

The urine of 10 football players, collected for 24 hours following a practice game, was found to contain 2.3–15.2 times as much protein as urine collected following a period of rest. No changes were noted on electrophoresis of the serum proteins. The renal clearance of serum albumin increased more than the clearance of serum globulins following exercise, but in both the control and post-exercise specimens the clearance of globulins and percentage of globulins in the urine usually exceeded these values for albumin. Considerable variation in the excretion of proteins was noted among individual subjects in the control period; as protein excrextion increased following exercise, the protein excretion patterns became more uniform in these subjects. Compared to the previously described exercise proteinuria which occurs immediately following exercise, this second phase is characterized by less intense protein excretion and longer duration. Submitted on January 6, 1960
Effect of Adrenalin on human plasma Stypven time and plasma thromboplastin time
Authors: Härtel Gottfried 
Published: December 2017

Subcutaneous injection of 0.7 mg of Adrenalin was followed by a significant shortening of the plasma Stypven time in 10 healthy male students. There was no effect of Adrenalin administration on plasma thromboplastin time. It is suggested that the effect of Adrenalin on plasma Stypven time is mediated by the release of some lipid material. Submitted on January 13, 1960
Homeostasis of carbon dioxide during intravenous infusion of carbon dioxide
Authors: Yamamoto William S. , Edwards McIver W. 
Published: December 2017

When rats are infused intravenously continuously with blood enriched in an extracorporeal system with 100% CO2, they are found to excrete the infused CO2 quantitatively. The excretion is accomplished by increasing ventilation in proportion to the infusion rate. Neither mean arterial pH nor Pco2 shows a statistically significant change. This constancy of composition is observed at CO2 infusion rates ranging from zero to an amount equal to six times the resting metabolic CO2 production. Similarity of this hyperpnea to the chief characteristics of the hyperpnea of exercise is notable. Increased oxygen uptake during this procedure is about 3.5 ml/l. of ventilation, a reasonable value for the oxygen cost of ventilation. Since, during this process the animal is quiescent and shows no other metabolic changes it is suggested that the effective signal for the regulation of arterial Pco2 is CO2 itself. The ability of the experimental animal to respond successfully to high rates of loading seems to be limited by failure to make appropriate circulatory adjustments. Removing CO2 by equilibrating blood with 100% o2 in the extracorporeal circuit decreases ventilation, but readily leads to an uncontrolled alkalosis. Submitted on April 13, 1960
Ventilatory response to forward acceleration
Authors: Zechman Fred W. , Cherniack Neil S. , Hyde Alvin S. 
Published: December 2017

Two series of experiments dealing with the effect of forward acceleration on respiration in man were performed. In both series of studies the trunk was inclined 12 degrees in the direction of acceleration and a rate of onset of 1 g/sec. was used. In the first series, the effect of 5, 8 and 12 g on respiratory frequency, tidal volume, minute volume and nitrogen elimination was determined. Frequency increased, reaching an average of 39.2 cpm and tidal volumes decreased to an average of 318 cc at 12 g. The volume of nitrogen eliminated during a 30-second period, breathing O2 at 12 g, was essentially unchanged, suggesting that alveolar ventilation did not decrease. In the second series, O2 consumptions were measured before, during and after accelerations of 5, 8, 10, and 12 g. O2 consumptions increased with acceleration and it is presumed that the extra work of breathing may be an important contributing factor. Submitted on March 2, 1960