bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy logic‐based linguistic summaries of time series: a powerful tool for discovering knowledge on time varying processes and systems under imprecision
Authors: Kacprzyk Janusz , Zadrożny Sławomir 
Published: December 2015

We present a novel approach to linguistic data summarization for numeric data, i.e., of the numbers to text type. Linguistic summarization is meant as a process of a comprehensive description of big and complex datasets via short statements in natural language. First, we briefly survey main developments in the traditional, well developed, and powerful approach to linguistic data summarization based on tools and techniques of natural language generation (NLG), notably due to Reiter and his collaborators. We indicate that this approach has a serious limitation on the representation and processing of imprecision that is characteristic for natural languages. We show that a fuzzy logic‐based approach to linguistic data summarization can be a simple yet efficient solution in this respect. We present the linguistic summaries represented by protoforms in the form of linguistically quantified propositions dealt with using tools and techniques of fuzzy logic to grasp an inherent imprecision of natural language. Such linguistic data summaries can provide a human user, whose only natural means of articulation and communication is natural language, with a simple yet effective and efficient means for the representation and manipulation of knowledge about processes and systems. We concentrate on the linguistic summarization of dynamic processes and systems, dealing with data represented as time series. We extend the basic, static data‐oriented concept of a linguistic data summary to the case of time series data, present various possible protoforms of linguistic summaries, and an analysis of their properties and ways of generation. We show two our own real applications of the new tools of linguistic summarization of time series, for the summarization of quotations of an investment (mutual) fund, and of Web server logs, to show the power of the tool. We also mention some other applications known from the literature. We conclude with some remarks on the strength of the linguistic summarization for broadly perceived data mining and knowledge discovery and some possible further research directions. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2016, 6:37–46. doi: 10.1002/widm.1175This article is categorized under:

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Human Centricity and User Interaction
Technologies > Computational Intelligence
Technologies > Machine Learning
Syntheses and Structures of Acetyl‐Acetonato‐Alumo‐Diphenylsilanolates with Magnesium(II), Iron(II), Iron(III), Cobalt(II), and Nickel(II)
Authors: Veith Michael , Smail‐Bubel Hakima , Nadig Sandra , Huch Volker 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBis(acetylacetonate)alumo‐oxo‐tetraphenyldisiloxane‐metal(II) dihydrates [(acac)2Al(O–SiPh2–O–SiPh2–O)]2M(H2O)2 (M = Mg, Fe, Co, Ni) were obtained from the corresponding acetyl‐acetonate‐dihydrates (acac)2M(H2O)2 by reaction with the alumosiloxane [O–Ph2Si–O–SiPh2–O]4Al4(OH)4. These new compounds display two acac ligands at the aluminum atoms as well as disilatrioxy chains linking the two aluminum atoms forming a (Al–O–Si–O–Si–O)2 cycle (X‐ray structure analyses). Within this cycle the divalent metal ions M2+, to which two water molecules in trans positions are linked, are installed in almost planar MO4 coordination spheres. Using water free (acac)2Ni a different product forms: both reactants combine in a 2:1 ratio to yield [O–Ph2Si–O–SiPh2–O]4Al4(OH)2O(OH2)Ni2(acac)4. Here, three of the acac ligands were transposed to the aluminum atoms. The nickel atoms are in a distorted octahedral coordination mode from oxygen atoms of the ligands. When iron(III)tris(acetylacetonate) reacts with the alumosiloxane [O–Ph2Si–O–SiPh2–O]3Al2O(OH)Fe2(acac)3 was isolated, in which the two iron atoms still display one of the acac ligands. One of the aluminum atoms is in a tetrahedral oxygen environment, whereas the other is in the center of a trigonal bi‐pyramid formed of oxygen atoms either of the siloxane or of acac. The iron atoms have five‐ or sixfold coordination from oxygen atoms of siloxane, acac, hydroxide or oxide.
Selected Nitrocarbamates of Glycerine & Co. and the First Acetylene Derivative
Authors: Axthammer Quirin J. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard 
Published: December 2015

Abstract A simple two step synthesis route for the preparation of several energetic multivalent nitrocarbamates of easily available alcohols is presented. The carbamates were obtained by the reaction of the alcohols and the reactive reagent chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) with subsequent aqueous work‐up. The nitration of the carbamates was performed with mixed acid (nitric and sulfuric acid). The thermal stabilities were explored by using differential scanning calorimetry and the energies of formation were calculated on the CBS‐4M level of theory, as well as several detonation and propulsion parameters for the application as energetic materials. All compounds were fully characterized and discussed in addition with single X‐ray diffraction.
Analysis of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Laundry Wastewater by HPLC–UV and UV–Vis Spectrophotometry
Authors: Ramcharan Terelle , Bissessur Ajay 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA lack of natural water resources and an increase in the demand for fresh potable water has shifted focus to the possible reuse of recycled laundry wastewater water that is considered to be relatively clean. Organic components such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) are the major and most abundant contributing anionic surfactant constituents found in laundry detergents. The development and reliability of treatment methods targeted at purification of laundry wastewater necessitates a fast and accurate method for quantification of LAS. This paper focuses on a comparative study for the quantification of LAS based on traditional liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and HPLC–UV methods. In the case of LLE, the anionic surfactant LAS complexes via ion association to a methylene blue (MB) cationic dye resulting in the formation of an anionic surfactant–methylene blue (AS–MB) complex. The AS–MB complex extracted with chloroform absorbs at a λ max of 653 nm. Optimized conditions for quantification of a single eluted LAS peak using HPLC–UV were obtained by isocratic elution on a C18 column with a 95 % acetonitrile and 5 % 0.7 M acetic acid mobile phase. Both methods displayed percentage recoveries >90 % and statistically showed reproducibility and precision in the quantitation of LAS. HPLC–UV prevailed over UV–Vis as the method of choice for LAS determinations given the ease of sample preparation and applicability to a wider range of samples. Typical levels of LAS in laundry samples assessed in this study ranged between 116 and 454 mg L−1.
Surfactant‐Induced Wettability Alteration of Oil‐Wet Sandstone Surface: Mechanisms and Its Effect on Oil Recovery
Authors: Hou Baofeng , Wang Yefei , Cao Xulong , Zhang Jun , Song Xinwang , Ding Mingchen , Chen Wuhua 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDifferent analytical methods were utilized to investigate the mechanisms for wettability alteration of oil‐wet sandstone surfaces induced by different surfactants and the effect of reservoir wettability on oil recovery. The cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is more effective than the nonionic surfactant octylphenol ethoxylate (TX‐100) and the anionic surfactant sodium laureth sulfate (POE(1)) in altering the wettability of oil‐wet sandstone surfaces. The cationic surfactant CTAB was able to desorb negatively charged carboxylates of crude oil from the solid surface in an irreversible way by the formation of ion pairs. For the nonionic surfactant TX‐100 and the anionic surfactant POE(1), the wettability of oil‐wet sandstone surfaces is changed by the adsorption of surfactants on the solid surface. The different surfactants were added into water to vary the core surface wettability, while maintaining a constant interfacial tension. The more water‐wet core showed a higher oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition. The neutral wetting micromodel showed the highest oil recovery by waterflooding and the oil‐wet model showed the maximum residual oil saturation among all the models.
By‐Products from the Chestnut Industry Used to Produce Natural Potassium Soaps: Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Torres María Dolores , Seijo Javier 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMechanical properties of soaps are important during soap making and in the appraisal of the final product. In this context, the main objectives of this study were to develop novel potassium soaps prepared using chestnut husk ashes as an alternative source for potash production, to investigate their mechanical properties and to compare them with those obtained from traditional sources. A parallel objective was to determine the physicochemical properties of the studied ashes and potashes. Physicochemical results indicated that ash and potash have compositions which vary with the materials used, i.e. chestnut husk ashes as an interesting source for potash production. Rheological and textural properties indicate that natural soaps obtained from chestnut husk ashes can be interesting products for the soft soap market and provide additional economic value to wastes or by‐products as a strategy to add value to the chestnut processing industry.
Analysis of Molecular Species Profiles of Ceramide‐1‐phosphate and Sphingomyelin Using MALDI‐TOF Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yamashita Ryouhei , Tabata Yumika , Iga Erina , Nakao Michiyasu , Sano Shigeki , Kogure Kentaro , Tokumura Akira , Tanaka Tamotsu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCeramide‐1‐phosphate (C1P) is a potential signaling molecule that modulates various cellular functions in animals. It has been known that C1P with different N‐acyl lengths induce biological responses differently. However, molecular species profiles of the C1P in animal tissues have not been extensively examined yet. Here, we developed a method for determination of the molecular species of a C1P using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry with Phos‐tag, a phosphate capture molecule. The amounts of total C1P in skin, brain, liver, kidney and small intestine of mice were determined to be 344, 151, 198, 96 and 90 pmol/g wet weight, respectively. We found a C1P species having an α‐hydroxypalmitoyl residue (h‐C1P, 44 pmol/g wet weight) in mouse skin. The h‐C1P was detected only in the skin, and not other tissues of mice. The same analysis was applied to sphingomyelin after conversion of sphingomyelin to C1P by Streptomyces chromofuscus phospholipase D. We found that molecular species profiles of sphingomyelin in skin, kidney and small intestine of mice were similar to those of C1P in corresponding tissues. In contrast, molecular species profiles of sphingomyelin in liver and brain were quite different from those of C1P in these tissues, indicating selective synthesis or degradation of C1P in these tissues. The method described here will be useful for detection of changes in molecular species profiles of C1P and sphingomyelin.
From ice superlubricity to quantum friction: Electronic repulsivity and phononic elasticity
Authors: Zhang Xi , Huang Yongli , Ma Zengsheng , Niu Lengyuan , Sun Chang Qing 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Superlubricity means non-sticky and frictionless when two bodies are set contacting motion. Although this occurrence has been extensively investigated since 1859 when Faraday firstly proposed a quasiliquid skin on ice, the mechanism behind the superlubricity remains uncertain. This report features a consistent understanding of the superlubricity pertaining to the slipperiness of ice, self-lubrication of dry solids, and aqueous lubricancy from the perspective of skin bond-electron-phonon adaptive relaxation. The presence of nonbonding electron polarization, atomic or molecular undercoordination, and solute ionic electrification of the hydrogen bond as an addition, ensures the superlubricity. Nonbond vibration creates soft phonons of high magnitude and low frequency with extraordinary adaptivity and recoverability of deformation. Molecular undercoordination shortens the covalent bond with local charge densification, which in turn polarizes the nonbonding electrons making them localized dipoles. The locally pinned dipoles provide force opposing contact, mimicking magnetic levitation and hovercraft. O:H−O bond electrification by aqueous ions has the same effect of molecular undercoordination but it is throughout the entire body of the lubricant. Such a Coulomb repulsivity due to the negatively charged skins and elastic adaptivity due to soft nonbonding phonons of one of the contacting objects not only lowers the effective contacting force but also prevents charge from being transited between the counterparts of the contact. Consistency between theory predictions and observations evidences the validity of the proposal of interface elastic Coulomb repulsion that serves as the rule for the superlubricity of ice, wet and dry frictions, which also reconciles the superhydrophobicity, superlubricity, and supersolidity at contacts.
New achievements in superlubricity from international workshop on superlubricity: fundamental and applications
Authors: Xu Jun , Li Jinjin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Since the term “superlubricity” was put forward at the beginning of 1990s, it has become one of the hottest researches in tribology due to it being close linked to the energy problems. Recently, the International Workshop on “Superlubricity: Fundamental and Applications” was successfully held on 19–20 October 2015 in Beijing, which has attracted many researchers in this field. The recent scientific results in both solid superlubricity and liquid superlubricity have been presented according to these invited wonderful lectures and posters. In the communication, we gave an introduction to the Workshop on Superlubricity, and also summarized the new achievements of superlubricity during recent years according to these reports. Finally, the problems of superlubricity mechanism and the future development direction of superlubricity are discussed.
Comparative assessment of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and Minimental State Examination (MMSE) in apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele carriers in epilepsy
Authors: Palanisamy Amirthalingam , Rajendran Natham , Narmadha Mukundhu , Ganesvaran Ruckmani 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground/Aim Mini mental state examination (MMSE) is a widely accepted tool till date to investigate cognitive status; however, its sensitivity is questioned by few studies. Alternately, Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA) is considered more effective with high sensitivity to assess cognitive status than MMSE. The usefulness of MOCA is well established in assessing cognitive status in patients in various disorders. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele is identified as one of the risk factors associated with cognitive impairment on MMSE; however, the usefulness of MOCA on the association between APOE ɛ4 allele and cognitive impairment is not clearly established and hence the present study.Methods This prospective study recruited 123 subjects diagnosed as tonic-clonic seizures in the study site during the study period.Results Gender and educational status showed normal cognitive function on MMSE but showed cognitive impairment on MOCA. Among epilepsy patients, all APOE ɛ4 carriers showed mild to severe cognitive impairment on MOCA but differences in cognitive status were observed in this population as well as in APOE ɛ4 non-carriers on MMSE.Conclusion Thus, the present study demonstrates the sensitivity of MOCA over MMSE in detecting cognitive impairment in epilepsy.
Comparative analysis of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia
Authors: Llorens Franc , Schmitz Matthias , Karch André , Cramm Maria , Lange Peter , Gherib Kerim , Varges Daniela , Schmidt Christian , Zerr Inga , Stoeck Katharina 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe analysis of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers gains importance in clinical routine and is effective in substantiating dementia diagnosis in the differential diagnostic context.MethodsWe evaluated the levels of β‐amyloid (Aβ) 42, Aβ40, tau, and P‐tau in a large patient population subdivided into prion diseases, tauopathies, synucleinopathies, and controls. Diagnostic test evaluation was assessed by ROC area under the curve analysis.ResultsHigh tau levels were detected in sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (sCJD) and high P‐tau levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and sCJD. Aβ40 was lower exclusively in prionopathies, but low Aβ42 was detected in AD, sCJD, and Lewy body dementia. When disease groups were stratified according to the underlying proteinopathy, we detected disease‐type specificities for all biomarkers. P‐tau/tau, Aβ42/40, Aβ42/tau, and Aβ40/tau ratios proved valuable in discriminating disease groups and controls, especially P‐tau/tau ratio in the identification of sCJD cases.DiscussionCombining the biomarker panel allows differentiating between various types of neurodegenerative dementias and contributes to a better understanding of their pathophysiological processes.
Use of Structural Bone Graft for Reconstruction of Acetabular Defects in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A 13-year Experience
Authors: Kwong-Ting Ho , Kam-Yiu Wong 
Published: December 2015

Background/Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of primary cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) with acetabular defect reconstruction using structural bone grafts. Methods Between 2001 and 2012, 10 hips in eight patients with uncontained superolateral acetabular bone defects were reconstructed with femoral head grafts at the time of primary cementless THA. The mean age at surgery was 61.7 years. Patients were followed-up for a mean of 5.8 years for evaluation. Results With either revision or loosening as endpoints, the survival rate of the structural grafts was 100%. Significant improvements in clinical outcomes in terms of the Visual Analogue Scale for Pain (from 9.5 to 3.3, p = 0.005) and Harris Hip Score (from 32.7 to 73.9, p = 0.005) were noted. Conclusion Uncontained superolateral acetabular bone defects can be effectively reconstructed with structural bone grafts during primary THA, with excellent short- to midterm survival rate and significantly improved clinical outcomes.
Integrated analysis of the prostate cancer small‐nucleolar transcriptome reveals SNORA55 as a driver of prostate cancer progression
Authors: Crea Francesco , Quagliata Luca , Michael Agnieszka , Liu Hui Hsuan , Frumento Paolo , Azad Arun A. , Xue Hui , Pikor Larissa , Watahiki Akira , Morant Rudolf , Eppenberger-Castori Serenella , Wang Yuwei , Parolia Abhijit , Lennox Kim A. , Lam Wan L. , Gleave Martin , Chi Kim N. , Pandha Hardev , Wang Yuzhuo , Helgason Cheryl D. 
Published: December 2015

Metastasis is the primary cause of death in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have long been considered “housekeeping” genes with no relevance for cancer biology. Emerging evidence has challenged this assumption, suggesting that snoRNA expression is frequently modulated during cancer progression. Despite this, no study has systematically addressed the prognostic and functional significance of snoRNAs in PCa.We performed RNA Sequencing on paired metastatic/non‐metastatic PCa xenografts derived from clinical specimens. The clinical significance of differentially expressed snoRNAs was further investigated in two independent primary PCa cohorts (131 and 43 patients, respectively). The snoRNA demonstrating the strongest association with clinical outcome was quantified in PCa patient‐derived serum samples and its functional relevance was investigated in PCa cells via gene expression profiling, pathway analysis and gene silencing.Our comparison revealed 21 differentially expressed snoRNAs in the metastatic vs. non‐metastatic xenografts. Of those, 12 were represented in clinical databases and were further analyzed. SNORA55 emerged as a predictor of shorter relapse‐free survival (results confirmed in two independent databases). SNORA55 was reproducibly detectable in serum samples from PCa patients. SNORA55 silencing in PCa cell lines significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Pathway analysis revealed that SNORA55 expression is significantly associated with growth factor signaling and pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression in PCa.Our results demonstrate that SNORA55 up‐regulation predicts PCa progression and that silencing this non‐coding gene affects PCa cell proliferation and metastatic potential, thus positioning it as both a novel biomarker and therapeutic target.
Moving contact line dynamics: from diffuse to sharp interfaces
Authors: Kusumaatmaja H. , Hemingway E. J. , Fielding S. M. 
Published: December 2015

We reconcile two scaling laws that have been proposed in the literature for the slip length associated with a moving contact line in diffuse interface models, by demonstrating each to apply in a different regime of the ratio of the microscopic interfacial width $l$ and the macroscopic diffusive length $l_{D}=(M{\it\eta})^{1/2}$, where ${\it\eta}$ is the fluid viscosity and $M$ the mobility governing intermolecular diffusion. For small $l_{D}/l$ we find a diffuse interface regime in which the slip length scales as ${\it\xi}\sim (l_{D}l)^{1/2}$. For larger $l_{D}/l>1$ we find a sharp interface regime in which the slip length depends only on the diffusive length, ${\it\xi}\sim l_{D}\sim (M{\it\eta})^{1/2}$, and therefore only on the macroscopic variables ${\it\eta}$ and $M$, independent of the microscopic interfacial width $l$. We also give evidence that modifying the microscopic interfacial terms in the model’s free energy functional appears to affect the value of the slip length only in the diffuse interface regime, consistent with the slip length depending only on macroscopic variables in the sharp interface regime. Finally, we demonstrate the dependence of the dynamic contact angle on the capillary number to be in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction of Cox (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 168, 1986, p. 169), provided we allow the slip length to be rescaled by a dimensionless prefactor. This prefactor appears to converge to unity in the sharp interface limit, but is smaller in the diffuse interface limit. The excellent agreement of results obtained using three independent numerical methods, across several decades of the relevant dimensionless variables, demonstrates our findings to be free of numerical artefacts.
THE COUNTERPARTS TO STATEMENTS THAT ARE EQUIVALENT TO THE CONTINUUM HYPOTHESIS
Authors: TÖRNQUIST ASGER , WEISS WILLIAM 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe consider natural ${\rm{\Sigma }}_2^1$ definable analogues of many of the classical statements that have been shown to be equivalent to CH. It is shown that these ${\rm{\Sigma }}_2^1$ analogues are equivalent to that all reals are constructible. We also prove two partition relations for ${\rm{\Sigma }}_2^1$ colourings which hold precisely when there is a non-constructible real.