bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community development and Historic Preservation: Exploring intersections in Seattle’s Chinatown-International District
Authors: Ryberg-Webster Stephanie 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Urban neighbourhoods are home to complex social interactions, cultural traditions and historic built environments that have accrued over time. Many community development corporations (CDCs) in the United States work in older, inner-city neighbourhoods, setting the stage for a possible alliance with historic preservation. This paper explores the intersection of community development and historic preservation, asking: In high-growth contexts, how do community developers working in neighbourhoods with strong cultural and ethnic identity use historic preservation? What are their motivations? And, how do they define, use, and/or adapt preservation to address the needs of their target communities? The article chronicles the Seattle Chinatown-International District Preservation Development Authority’s (SCIDpda) efforts to reverse neighbourhood decline while preserving the International District’s significant history, fostering its continued future as a Pan-Asian community, overcoming persistent barriers to development, and mitigating high growth pressures. The findings show that for community developers, preservation can serve as an oppositional strategy to demolition and incompatible new development, helping to attract outside financial resources, and providing a means to assert local symbolic ownership over neighbourhood space.
Small Aneurysms Account for the Majority and Increasing Percentage of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A 25-Year, Single Institution Study
Authors: Bender Matthew T , Wendt Haley , Monarch Thomas , Beaty Narlin , Lin Li-Mei , Huang Judy , Coon Alexander , Tamargo Rafael J , Colby Geoffrey P 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Prospective studies of unruptured aneurysms have shown very low rates of rupture for small aneurysms (<10 mm) and suggested that the risk of treatment outweighs benefit. However, common clinical practice shows that patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) frequently have small aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate trends in size and location of ruptured aneurysms over a 25-yr period.

METHODS
A prospective, Institutional Review Board-approved database of all patients presenting to our institution with aSAH from 1991 to 2016 was analyzed. Cerebral angiography identified the source of hemorrhage. Patients with nonaneurysmal etiologies were excluded.

RESULTS
Complete data were available for 1306/1562 patients (84%) with aSAH from 1991 to 2016. The average age was 53 yr and 72% of patients were female. The average size of ruptured aneurysms over 25 yr was 8.0 mm. The average size of ruptured aneurysms decreased steadily with each 5-yr interval from 10.1 mm (1991-1996) to 6.6 mm (2012-2016; P < .001). Overall, very small aneurysms (<5 mm) were responsible for aSAH in 41% of patients. The percentage of very small ruptured aneurysms rose from 29% during the initial 5-yr period (1991-1996) to 50% in the most recent period. Likewise, the percentage of ruptured aneurysms that were 5 to 9 mm rose from 26% to 34% (P < .001). In the past 5 yr, aneurysms <10 mm accounted for 84% of aSAH. Vessel of origin (P = .097) and aneurysm location (P = .322) did not vary with time.

CONCLUSION
Ruptured small and very small aneurysms represent a majority and increasing share of aSAH. Identification and prophylactic treatment of these aneurysms remains an important clinical role for cerebrovascular neurosurgery.
Gaming for Health: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Physical and Cognitive Effects of Active Computer Gaming in Older Adults
Authors: Howes Sarah C. , Charles Darryl K. , Marley Joanne , Pedlow Katy , McDonough Suzanne M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Active computer gaming (ACG) is a method of facilitating physical activity in older people to improve health outcomes.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to update and extend a systematic review of the evidence for ACG to determine its effects on physical and cognitive health in older adults.

Data Sources
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL in the Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO databases were searched from the date of the previous review (2011) to May 2016.

Study Selection
Eligible articles were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of ACG in adults aged 65 and older.

Data Extraction
Thirty-five studies were eligible for inclusion. Two review authors independently conducted data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment, and coding of behavior change techniques. Outcomes of interest were analyzed as continuous data and pooled as standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to determine the quality of the evidence.

Data Synthesis
Behavior change techniques (N = 106) were coded in the included studies (mean = 3.02). Data were pooled for 5 main outcomes of interest. Significant moderate effects in favor of ACG were observed for balance (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.79; 17 studies; 743 participants), for functional exercise capacity when intervention delivery was &gt;120 minutes per week (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.90; 5 studies; 116 participants), and for cognitive function (SMD = –0.48, 95% CI = –0.80 to 0.17; 8 studies; 459 participants). There was no significant effect observed for functional mobility or fear of falling.

Limitations
The quality of the evidence for all comparisons was graded low or very low.

Conclusions
At present there is very little confidence that ACG improves physical and cognitive outcomes in older adults.
Naloxegol for managing opioid-induced constipation
Authors: Shelton Krystal N. , Clements Jennifer N. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Naloxegol is a peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist for opioid-induced constipation in adults with chronic noncancer pain. This drug's once-daily oral formulation can be used as monotherapy and helps to decrease the constipating effects of opioid therapy; however, it has been associated with abdominal pain.
Stability of Auditory Steady State Responses Over Time
Authors: Van Eeckhoutte Maaike , Luke Robert , Wouters Jan , Francart Tom 
Published: August 2017

Objectives:Auditory steady state responses (ASSRs) are used in clinical practice for objective hearing assessments. The response is called steady state because it is assumed to be stable over time, and because it is evoked by a stimulus with a certain periodicity, which will lead to discrete frequency components that are stable in amplitude and phase over time. However, the stimuli commonly used to evoke ASSRs are also known to be able to induce loudness adaptation behaviorally. Researchers and clinicians using ASSRs assume that the response remains stable over time. This study investigates (1) the stability of ASSR amplitudes over time, within one recording, and (2) whether loudness adaptation can be reflected in ASSRs.Design:ASSRs were measured from 14 normal-hearing participants. The ASSRs were evoked by the stimuli that caused the most loudness adaptation in a previous behavioral study, that is, mixed-modulated sinusoids with carrier frequencies of either 500 or 2000 Hz, a modulation frequency of 40 Hz, and a low sensation level of 30 dB SL. For each carrier frequency and participant, 40 repetitions of 92 sec recordings were made. Two types of analyses were used to investigate the ASSR amplitudes over time: with the more traditionally used Fast Fourier Transform and with a novel Kalman filtering approach. Robust correlations between the ASSR amplitudes and behavioral loudness adaptation ratings were also calculated.Results:Overall, ASSR amplitudes were stable. Over all individual recordings, the median change of the amplitudes over time was −0.0001 μV/s. Based on group analysis, a significant but very weak decrease in amplitude over time was found, with the decrease in amplitude over time around −0.0002 μV/s. Correlation coefficients between ASSR amplitudes and behavioral loudness adaptation ratings were significant but low to moderate, withr= 0.27 andr= 0.39 for the 500 and 2000 Hz carrier frequency, respectively.Conclusions:The decrease in amplitude of ASSRs over time (92 sec) is small. Consequently, it is safe to use ASSRs in clinical practice, and additional correction factors for objective hearing assessments are not needed. Because only small decreases in amplitudes were found, loudness adaptation is probably not reflected by the ASSRs.
Open versus arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Levy David M. , Erickson Brandon J. , Bach Bernard R. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The purpose of this paper was to determine if significant differences exist between open and arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). We have hypothesized that patients would experience less pain, fewer complications, and fewer reoperations after arthroscopic ACLR.

Methods:
A systematic review of multiple medical databases was performed. Randomized controlled trials with a minimum of 6 mo follow-up were included. Study quality was analyzed using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score (MCMS) and Jadad Scale.

Results:
Three studies met the inclusion criteria (212 subjects; 212 knees). The MCMS rating was fair at 60.7±1.5, and the mean Jadad score was fair at 2.7±1.5. One study reported long-term outcomes (mean 12 yr) of 53 patients (25 open, 28 arthroscopic) and noted no differences in pain, strength, functional testing, or prevalence of osteoarthritis between groups. Two studies reported short-term outcomes of a combined 125 patients (58 open, 67 arthroscopic) with an average follow-up of 6 mo. In these studies, there were no differences in operative time, Lysholm scores, knee range of motion, laxity, complications, or reoperations between groups. Immediate postoperative analgesic use was higher in the open group. Average thigh atrophy ranged from 1.5 to 2.8 cm in the open group and 1.4 to 1.5 cm in the arthroscopic group.

Conclusions:
Based on the examined studies, there are no differences in operative time, knee range of motion, laxity, Lysholm scores, complications, or reoperations between open and arthroscopic ACLR techniques. Immediate postoperative pain appears decreased in patients undergoing arthroscopic ACLR.
Facial Soft Tissue Augmentation in Males: An Anatomical and Practical Approach
Authors: Rossi Anthony M. , Fitzgerald Rebecca , Humphrey Shannon 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND
Soft tissue augmentation is increasingly being performed to treat male facial aging.

OBJECTIVE
To review anatomical consideration specific for the male face and define an approach to male soft tissue augmentation that creates harmonious and natural results.

CONCLUSION
Addressing aesthetic concerns in the upper face, midface, and lower face should be performed in concert with a combinatorial and pan facial approach. Correct filler placement at different areas of concern is important to achieve desired and natural results. Dermal and subcutaneous fillers can be used successfully in the male patient to enhance facial features, correct volume loss, and improve features of aging.
State of the Science in Heart Failure Symptom Perception Research
Authors: Lee Solim , Riegel Barbara 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Heart failure (HF) is a common condition requiring self-care to maintain physical stability, prevent hospitalization, and improve quality of life. Symptom perception, a domain of HF self-care newly added to the Situation-Specific Theory of HF Self-Care, is defined as a comprehensive process of monitoring and recognizing physical sensations and interpreting and labeling the meaning of the sensations.

Objective:
The purpose of this integrative review was to describe the research conducted on HF symptom perception to further understanding of this new concept.

Method:
A literature search was conducted using 8 databases. The search term of HF was combined with symptom, plus symptom perception subconcepts of monitoring, somatic awareness, detection, recognition, interpretation, and appraisal. Only peer-reviewed original articles published in English with full-text availability were included. No historical limits were imposed. Study subjects were adults. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Each study was categorized into either symptom monitoring or symptom recognition and interpretation.

Results:
Although daily weighing and HF-related symptom–monitoring behaviors were insufficient in HF patients, use of a symptom diary improved HF self-care, symptom distress and functional class, and decreased mortality, hospital stay, and medical costs. Most HF patients had trouble recognizing an exacerbation of symptoms. Aging, comorbid conditions, and gradual symptom progression made it difficult to recognize and correctly interpret a symptom exacerbation. Living with others, higher education, higher uncertainty, shorter symptom duration, worse functional class, and an increased number of previous hospitalizations were positively associated with symptom recognition.

Conclusions:
Existing research fails to capture all of the elements in the theoretical definition of symptom perception.
Bimatoprost Topical
Authors: Vu Clara , Luke Janiene 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this column is to highlight common medications in clinical dermatology—specifically, their usage, efficacy, side effects, and available alternatives. In this article, we discuss the mechanism of action, clinical use, secondary effects, and principle alternatives of topical bimatoprost 0.03% (trade name, Latisse).
Rate of Nonsurveillance and Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma at Diagnosis in Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Huang Yi , Wallace Michael C. , Adams Leon A. , MacQuillan Gerry , Garas George , Ferguson John , Samuelson Shaun , Tibballs Jonathan , Jeffrey Gary P. 
Published: August 2017

Aims:
Ultrasound surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is recommended in cirrhotic patients to allow early diagnosis. This study investigated risk factors for nonsurveillance and advanced HCC at diagnosis and their effect on survival.

Materials and Methods:
Two hundred seventy HCC patients were included. Clinical data were collected from hospital databases.

Results:
One hundred twenty-eight (47.1%) patients had 6-monthly ultrasound surveillance before HCC diagnosis. Ninety-two (34.1%) patients had advanced HCC (multifocal or total diameter ≥6 cm) at diagnosis. The nonsurveillance rate was significantly higher in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (79%) compared with other causes of chronic liver disease (31.6% to 58.1%, P<0.001). Nonrecognition of NAFLD was significantly higher (68.4%) compared with other causes of chronic liver disease (0% to 23.2%, P<0.001). In NAFLD HCC patients, 23.7% were noncirrhotic and smoking was significantly associated HCC in this noncirrhotic group (P=0.041). No-surveillance for HCC was significantly associated with advanced HCC at diagnosis with an odds ratio (OR) of 8.1. Compared with nondrinkers, heavy alcohol consumption was significantly associated with advanced HCC (OR=7.6). In the surveillance group, diagnosis using computed tomography rather than magnetic resonance imaging was significantly associated with advanced HCC (OR=3.36). Patients without HCC surveillance had a significantly shorter median survival compared with those who had HCC surveillance (27.4 vs. 52.0 mo, P=0.0006).

Conclusions:
The lack of HCC surveillance is associated with advanced HCC at diagnosis and decreased survival. NAFLD patients with HCC have a significantly lower rate of diagnosis of chronic liver disease and HCC surveillance compared with the other causes of chronic liver disease.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Influenza A/H1N1 in Pediatric Oncology Patients During the 2015 Outbreak: A Single Center Experience from Northern India
Authors: Verma Nishant , Pooniya Vishal , Kumar Archana 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Owing to their immunocompromised status, childhood cancer patients on chemotherapy are at a greater risk for Influenza infection and its associated complications. There is limited data available on the clinical profile and outcome of Influenza A/H1N1 in this subset of patients.

Methods:
A retrospective study was performed of Influenza A/H1N1 cases diagnosed between January 2015 to December 2015 in the in-patients of Pediatric Oncology unit of a tertiary care hospital from Northern India.

Results:
In total, 16 children were diagnosed with laboratory confirmed H1N1. Most frequent symptoms were fever and cough. Oseltamivir was administered to all patients. Complications encountered were delay/interruption of antineoplastic therapy (9), need for respiratory support (5), and air leaks (1). Prolonged viral shedding was encountered in 50% of patients who were retested for H1N1 in their throat swabs. There were 2 deaths, 1 in a child of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia on induction therapy and another in a child with anaplastic Wilms tumor.

Conclusions:
Childhood cancer patients infected with Influenza A/H1N1 are at risk of serious illness and higher mortality. Delay of anticancer treatment is a concern in these infected children. Prompt initiation of antivirals and an optimum duration of treatment are warranted to reduce the morbidity and mortality.
Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source in Latin America
Authors: Cantú-Brito Carlos , Sampaio Silva Gisele , Ameriso Sebastián F. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Stroke is a major health concern throughout Latin America. As elsewhere, no precise cause can be determined for a substantial portion of strokes. In 6 studies since 2010 in the region, 16% to 43% of ischemic strokes were identified as cryptogenic. The term embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) has been proposed as more clinically useful and positively defined than the vague term cryptogenic. The epidemiology of ESUS in Latin America is largely unknown.

Review Summary:
This article aims to provide a description of the epidemiology of ESUS in Latin America and practical information regarding available diagnostic procedures and current guidelines. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a significant risk factor for stroke, observed in approximately 10% of Mexican and Brazilian stroke patients. Previously unknown AF has been detected through extended monitoring in numerous studies of stroke patients, including 8% of patients in an Argentinian study, and is a possible contributing cause of ESUS. External or implantable outpatient cardiac monitoring has shown increased diagnostic yield for the detection of intermittent AF versus standard cardiac monitoring, but is infrequently used in Latin America.

Conclusions:
Undiagnosed AF is likely to contribute significantly to cryptogenic stroke and ESUS. Research is needed to continue evaluation of the optimum means of identifying clinically relevant occult AF. In view of the thromboembolic mechanism of ESUS, anticoagulant therapy may prove useful in prevention of recurrence. Ongoing trials are evaluating use of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban versus aspirin for reducing the risk of recurrent stroke in patients with previous ESUS.
Isolated Third Cranial Nerve Palsy Leading to the Diagnosis of Disseminated Burkitt Lymphoma
Authors: Taga Arens , Russo Marco , Florindo Irene , Pavesi Giovanni 
Published: August 2017

Introduction:
Dysfunction of the third cranial nerve can result from lesions anywhere along its course between the midbrain and the orbit. Lymphoma is a rare cause of isolated oculomotor nerve palsy (OMP), with only 19 cases reported in the literature. We describe a case of an isolated OMP leading to the diagnosis of disseminated Burkitt lymphoma (BL).

Case Report:
A 37-year-old man presented with acute onset diplopia and right ptosis and was found to have a right pupillary sparing OMP. The diagnostic workout was unremarkable, including contrast-enhanced brain and orbital magnetic resonance imaging, MR angiography, exhaustive laboratory tests, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. After a course of high-dose intravenous steroid therapy, the patient recovered almost completely. Three weeks after the discharge, he developed lumbar radicular pain and lower limbs weakness followed by the relapse of the right OMP. A second lumbar puncture revealed the presence of “small monomorphic lymphocytes,” consistent with leptomeningeal lymphomatosis. A whole-body positron emission tomography scan disclosed a mediastinal mass, whose histopathologic “starry sky” appearance was pathognomonic for BL.

Conclusions:
Reviewing the literature, we were able to find only 3 cases of OMP as the presenting manifestation of BL, all occurring in patients with predisposing HIV infection.
Our case of isolated OMP highlights some “red flags” for a lymphomatous etiology, including young age, a progressive course, a response to high-dose steroid therapy, and relapse upon steroid discontinuation; these cases require a comprehensive evaluation, including repeated cytological cerebrospinal fluid analysis and sensitive imaging techniques to detect a possible primary lesion.
Early Versus Delayed Initiation of Pharmacological Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After an Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Faust Andrew C. , Finch Christopher K. , Hurdle April C. , Elijovich Lucas 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for up to 20% of all strokes with and carries an approximate 50% 30-day mortality. The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is markedly higher in patients with ICH compared with ischemic strokes, but the optimal time to initiate pharmacological prophylaxis is ill-defined.

Design:
Retrospective analysis.

Setting:
University-affiliated, tertiary care center.

Patients:
Patients admitted for a nontraumatic ICH who received pharmacological VTE prophylaxis during their first 30 hospital days.

Results:
Of the 793 patients evaluated, 400 were included [142 (35.5%) early]. Rebleeding event rates were similar for early versus late [8 (5.6%) vs. 13 (5.0%), P=0.80] and rates of hospital-acquired VTEs were not statistically different [1 (0.7%) vs. 8 (3.1%), P=0.17]. The median time from admission to the first dose of pharmacological prophylaxis was similar in patients who experienced rebleeding versus those that did not [74 h (range, 38 to 110.5 h) vs. 63 h (range, 45 to 90.5 h), P=0.69]. There was a longer median time from admission to the first dose of pharmacological prophylaxis in patients who developed a VTE during the initial hospitalization versus those who did not [108 h (range, 73.3 to 187 h) vs. 63 h (range, 44.5 to 90 h), P=0.005].

Conclusions:
Initiation of early pharmacological prophylaxis in ICH patients did not appear to increase the risk of rebleeding nor decrease the risk of VTE. Among those patients who did develop VTE during hospitalization, there was a longer median time from admission to the first dose of pharmacological prophylaxis.