bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time trends and socioeconomic differences in blood pressure levels: The Northern Sweden MONICA study 1994–2014
Authors: Eriksson Marie , Carlberg Bo , Pennlert Johanna , Söderberg Stefan , Eliasson Mats 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
People with low socioeconomic status have higher blood pressure (BP), increasing their risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. We hypothesized that the gap in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP, according to educational level, has decreased over time but, that economical vulnerability would confer higher BP.

Methods
A total of 4564 women and 4363 men aged 25–74 years participated in five population-based surveys in the Northern Sweden MONICA study between 1994 and 2014 (participation rate 76.8–62.5%).

Results
SBP decreased by 10 mmHg in women and 4 mmHg in men, while DBP was unchanged. Treatment with antihypertensives increased in all but the youngest men. The prevalence of BP control in the population (&lt;140/90 mmHg) increased and in 2014 reached 75% among women and 70% among men. The decrease in SBP was more pronounced in people without university education than in people with university education and DBP showed the same pattern, regardless of education.
After adjustment for confounding factors, age, male sex, higher body mass index, and being born in a Nordic country were related to higher SBP and DBP. University education was related to lower SBP, while variables mirroring economic vulnerability were not associated with BP levels.

Conclusions
BP levels as well as the socioeconomic gap in BP has decreased in Sweden but people with a lower level of education still have higher SBP. Lacking economic resources is not associated with high BP.
Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS): Reliability Among Spine Fellows and Resident Physicians in Orthopedic Surgery and Neurosurgery
Authors: Fox Shandy , Spiess Michael , Hnenny Luke , Fourney Daryl. R. 
Published: July 2017

Study Design: Reliability analysis. Objectives: The Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) was developed for assessing patients with spinal neoplasia. It identifies patients who may benefit from surgical consultation or intervention. It also acts as a prognostic tool for surgical decision making. Reliability of SINS has been established for spine surgeons, radiologists, and radiation oncologists, but not yet among spine surgery trainees. The purpose of our study is to determine the reliability of SINS among spine residents and fellows, and its role as an educational tool. Methods: Twenty-three residents and 2 spine fellows independently scored 30 de-identified spine tumor cases on 2 occasions, at least 6 weeks apart. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) measured interobserver and intraobserver agreement for total SINS scores. Fleiss’s kappa and Cohen’s kappa analysis evaluated interobserver and intraobserver agreement of 6 component subscores (location, pain, bone lesion quality, spinal alignment, vertebral body collapse, and posterolateral involvement of spinal elements). Results: Total SINS scores showed near perfect interobserver (0.990) and intraobserver (0.907) agreement. Fleiss’s kappa statistics revealed near perfect agreement for location; substantial for pain; moderate for alignment, vertebral body collapse, and posterolateral involvement; and fair for bone quality (0.948, 0.739, 0.427, 0.550, 0.435, and 0.382). Cohen’s kappa statistics revealed near perfect agreement for location and pain, substantial for alignment and vertebral body collapse, and moderate for bone quality and posterolateral involvement (0.954, 0.814, 0.610, 0.671, 0.576, and 0.561, respectively). Conclusions: The SINS is a reliable and valuable educational tool for spine fellows and residents learning to judge spinal instability.
Predictors for Non-Home Patient Discharge Following Elective Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Di Capua John , Somani Sulaiman , Lugo-Fagundo Nahyr , Kim Jun S. , Phan Kevin , Lee Nathan J. , Kothari Parth , Shin John , Cho Samuel K. 
Published: July 2017

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: Adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery encompasses a wide variety of spinal disorders and is associated with a morbidity rate between 20% and 80%. The utilization of spinal surgery has increased and this trend is expected to continue. To effectively deal with an increasing patient volume, identifying variables associated with patient discharge destination can expedite placement and reduce length of stay. Methods: The 2013-2014 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried using Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes relevant to ASD. Patients were divided based on discharge destination. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify predictors for patient discharge destination and hospital length of stay. Results: A total of 4552 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 1102 (24.2%) had non-home discharge. Multivariate regression revealed total relative value unit (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-1.01); female sex (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.32-1.81); American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander versus black race (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.35-0.78, P = .002); age ≥65 years (OR = 3.72, 95% CI = 3.19-4.35); obesity (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.01-1.38, P = .034); partially/totally functionally dependent (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.49-2.99); osteotomy (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.12-1.80, P = .004) pelvis fixation (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.82-3.11); operation time ≥4 hours (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.47-2.05); recent weight loss (OR = 7.66, 95% CI = 1.52-38.65; P = .014); and American Society of Anesthesiologists class ≥3 (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.53-2.11) as predictors of non-home discharge. P values were <.001 unless otherwise noted. Additionally, multivariate regression found non-home discharge to be a significant variable in prolonged length of stay. Conclusions: The authors suggest these results can be used to inform patients preoperatively of expected discharge destination, anticipate patient discharge needs postoperatively, and reduce health care costs and morbidity associated with prolonged LOS.
Infection Rates in Arthroscopic Versus Open Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Hughes Jonathan D. , Hughes Jessica L. , Bartley Justin H. , Hamilton William P. , Brennan Kindyle L. 
Published: July 2017

Background: The prevalence of rotator cuff repair continues to rise, with a noted transition from open to arthroscopic techniques in recent years. One reported advantage of arthroscopic repair is a lower infection rate. However, to date, the infection rates of these 2 techniques have not been directly compared with large samples at a single institution with fully integrated medical records. Purpose: To retrospectively compare postoperative infection rates between arthroscopic and open rotator cuff repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: From January 2003 until May 2011, a total of 1556 patients underwent rotator cuff repair at a single institution. These patients were divided into an arthroscopic repair group and an open group. A Pearson chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used, with a subgroup analysis to segment the open repair group into mini-open and open procedures. The odds ratio and 95% CI of developing a postoperative infection was calculated for the 2 groups. A multiple-regressions model was then utilized to identify predictors of the presence of infection. Infection was defined as only those treated with surgical intervention, thus excluding superficial infections treated with antibiotics alone. Results: A total of 903 patients had an arthroscopic repair, while 653 had open repairs (600 mini-open, 53 open). There were 4 confirmed infections in the arthroscopic group and 16 in the open group (15 mini-open, 1 open), resulting in postoperative infection rates of 0.44% and 2.45%, respectively. Subgroup analysis of the mini-open and open groups demonstrated a postoperative infection rate of 2.50% and 1.89%, respectively. The open group had an odds ratio of 5.645 (95% CI, 1.9-17.0) to develop a postoperative infection compared with the arthroscopic group. Conclusion: Patients undergoing open rotator cuff repair had a significantly higher rate of postoperative infection compared with those undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
Upper Extremity Range of Motion and Pitching Profile of Baseball Pitchers in Japan
Authors: Sueyoshi Ted , Nakatani Takuya , Tsuruta Takashi , Emoto Gen 
Published: July 2017

Background: Shoulder range of motion and pitch count in baseball pitchers have been linked to pitching-related upper extremity injury. Purpose: To investigate upper extremity range of motion and pitching profiles in baseball pitchers in Japan as well as to make a comparison between injured and noninjured pitchers. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Forty-one Little League to college-level baseball pitchers were measured for bilateral shoulder and elbow range of motion, including shoulder internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), shoulder horizontal adduction (HAD), and elbow extension (EXT). They were also asked to answer a simple questionnaire regarding their past pitching-related medical history and pitching profile. Additionally, 28 participants with baseball-related upper extremity injuries (injury group) were compared with 13 participants without injury (no-injury group) for the same parameters. Collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Results: Significant limb differences (dominant vs nondominant side) were noted for ER (117.2° vs 109.8°, P = .02), IR (53.5° vs 61.9°, P = .007), HAD (28.3° vs 32.8°, P = .03), and EXT (1.0° vs 4.6°, P = .01). A significant between-group difference (injury vs no-injury group) was observed for IR in both the dominant (55.4° vs 45.6°, P = .03) and nondominant shoulder (65.3° vs 55.0°, P = .01). Participants in the injury group pitched more games in a season and more innings per game started. Conclusion: Japanese baseball pitchers displayed adaptive changes in upper extremity range of motion similar to American pitchers when compared bilaterally. Injured pitchers exhibited greater IR range of motion in their pitching arm compared with noninjured pitchers.
Venous Air Embolism During Pars Plana Vitrectomy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kasi Sundeep K. , Grant Scott , Flynn Harry W. , Albini Thomas A. , Relhan Nidhi , Heier Jeffrey S. , Gayer Steven , Garg Sunir J. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose: Presumed venous air embolism (PVAE) is a rare and potentially fatal complication of pars plana vitrectomy that is poorly described and understood but requires improved awareness among ophthalmologists and vitreoretinal surgeons. Methods: A case report is presented along with a systematic review of published reports of PVAE during ocular surgery. Results: An otherwise healthy adult male undergoing retinal detachment repair under local anesthesia with monitored anesthesia care died from a PVAE. Literature search yielded 2 experimental models, 6 individual case reports, and several editorials. Review of existing reports reveals that PVAE can affect patients of any age or gender with no medical predilection and occurs in cases of trauma, endoresection, or retinal detachment repair. It is typically associated with a drop in end-tidal carbon dioxide during fluid–air exchange and can present similar to a hemorrhagic choroidal detachment. Analysis suggests that venous air embolism can be prevented by ensuring full engagement of the infusion cannula into the vitreous cavity prior to fluid–air exchange. Conclusion: Presumed venous air embolism is a potentially fatal complication of ocular surgery and in some cases may be recognized by ophthalmologists as a choroidal detachment during fluid–air exchange in pars plana vitrectomy. It is imperative to immediately stop the air infusion line if venous air embolism is suspected.
Differences in Surgical Performance of Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Macular Hole Repair Between Supervised Vitreoretinal Fellows and Vitreoretinal Faculty at a Single Institution
Authors: Gizicki Robert , Chow David , Mak Michael Y.K. , Wong David T. , Muni Rajeev H. , Altomare Filiberto , Berger Alan R. , Giavedoni Louis 
Published: July 2017

Purpose: To investigate the differences in surgical maneuvers between vitreoretinal fellows and experienced vitreoretinal surgeons (attendings) when performing internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel during macular hole (MH) surgery and repair. Methods: Prospective case series. Macular hole surgeries performed by fellows and attendings at St Michael’s Hospital (Toronto, Canada) were recorded during a 12-month period. Evaluation of recordings was masked. Total peel time (TPL) in seconds, total movement attempts initiating and extending ILM flaps, intrasurgical complications, and surgical efficiency (ratio of approaches leading to case progression to total approaches) were quantified. Results: A total of 145 surgeries were evaluated; 44 met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 44 cases, 25 were performed by fellows and 19 by attendings. Mean TPL was shorter for attendings (336 vs 506 seconds, P = .0032). Attendings had a lower average total movement attempts (32.2 vs 43.2, P = .045) and average flap initiation attempts (16.1 vs 23.3, P = .042). Surgical efficiency was better for attendings (45% vs 37% of approaches led to case progression, P = .038). There was no significant difference between groups in total flap extension attempts or intrasurgical complications. Conclusions: Compared to fellows, attendings peel ILM in MH surgery faster, more efficiently with a lower number of flap initiation attempts and total movements.
Management of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing interventional pulmonary procedures
Authors: Pathak Vikas , Allender J. Erin , Grant Mollie W. 
Published: July 2017

There has been great progress in antithrombotic therapy over the past several years. Its use has increased with the advent of novel anticoagulants, as these medications do not require frequent blood tests for monitoring. Antithrombotic therapy is aimed at reducing the risk of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, deep vein thrombosis, valvular heart disease and pulmonary embolism. These patients are often critically ill and frequently undergo urgent interventions requiring discontinuation of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy which can increase the risk of thrombosis; however, continuing these agents can lead to increased risk of haemorrhage.The purpose of this article is to summarise the literature surrounding the safety of using antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies in patients undergoing interventional pulmonary procedures.
Integrative analysis of the Pekin duck (Anas anas) MicroRNAome during feather follicle development
Authors: Chen Xingyong , Ge Kai , Wang Min , Zhang Cheng , Geng Zhaoyu 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background
The quality and yield of duck feathers are very important economic traits that might be controlled by miRNA regulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism underlying the crosstalk between individual miRNAs and the activity of signaling pathways that control the growth of duck feathers during different periods. We therefore conducted a comprehensive investigation using Solexa sequencing technology on the Pekin duck microRNAome over six stages of feather development at days 11, 15, and 20 of embryonic development (during the hatching period), and at 1 day and 4 and 10 weeks posthatch.

Results
There were a total of 354 known miRNAs and 129 novel candidate miRNAs found based on comparisons with known miRNAs in the Gallus gallus miRBase. The series of miRNAs related to feather follicle formation as summarized in the present study showed two expression patterns, with primary follicle developed during embryonic stage and secondary follicle developed mainly at early post hatch stage. Analysis of miRNA expression profiles identified 18 highly expressed miRNAs, which might be directly responsible for regulation of feather development. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis suggested that in addition to Wnt and transforming growth factor (TGFβ) signaling pathways, which were widely reported in response to follicle formation, another group of signaling pathways that regulate lipid synthesis and metabolism, such as the phosphatidylinositol signaling system and glycerolipid metabolism and signaling, are also responsible for follicle formation.

Conclusion
The highly expressed miRNAs provide a valuable reference for further investigation into the functional miRNAs important for feather development. Lipid synthesis and metabolism related signaling pathways might be responsible for lipid formation on the surface of feather, and should be paid much more attention for their relation to feather quality.
Integrated Anesthesiologist and Room Scheduling for Surgeries: Methodology and Application
Authors: Rath Sandeep , Rajaram Kumar , Mahajan Aman 
Published: July 2017

We consider the problem of minimizing daily expected resource usage and overtime costs across multiple parallel resources such as anesthesiologists and operating rooms, which are used to conduct a variety of surgical procedures at large multispecialty hospitals. To address this problem, we develop a two-stage, mixed-integer stochastic dynamic programming model with recourse. The first stage allocates these resources across multiple surgeries with uncertain durations and prescribes the sequence of surgeries to these resources. The second stage determines actual start times to surgeries based on realized durations of preceding surgeries and assigns overtime to resources to ensure all surgeries are completed using the allocation and sequence determined in the first stage. We develop a data-driven robust optimization method that solves large-scale real-sized versions of this model close to optimality. We validate and implement this model as a decision support system at the UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center. This system effectively incorporates the flexibility in the resources and uncertainty in surgical durations, and explicitly trades off resource usage and overtime costs. This has increased the average daily utilization of the anesthesiologists by 3.5% and of the operating rooms by 3.8%. This has led to an average daily cost savings of around 7% or estimated to be $2.2 million on an annual basis. In addition, the insights based on this model have significantly influenced decision making at the operating services department at this hospital. The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1634 .
‘I had a lump in my stomach’: Swedish gay and lesbian students' experiences of their time in school
Authors: Hammarlund Kina , Sjunnesson Sara , Tettenborn Nina , Jomeen Julie , Thorstensson Stina 
Published: July 2017

Objectives: Gay and lesbian youth can experience ignorance and a lack of acknowledgement surrounding their sexual orientation during their time in school. This qualitative interview study describes how Swedish gay and lesbian students experience their secondary school years on the basis that society has heteronormative values. Methods: The data is based on eight telephone interviews with gay and lesbian young adults, aged 18–25 and was analysed using a qualitative narrative approach. Findings: The findings presented four themes: not fitting into the norm of heterosexuality, lacking confirmation of their own homosexuality, finding courage, seeing the school as a supportive or a non-supportive environment. Conclusions: A way to normalise homosexuality can be to discuss sexual development and attraction from a health-promoting perspective. Professionals working in school need to feel comfortable with issues such as sexuality in order to create a situation of confidence for the student.
Spectral transmissions: All-night television’s role in the formation of first-wave punk aesthetics
Authors: McMahon Tony 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this article, I examine all-night television’s role in the formation of first wave punk aesthetics in Melbourne, Australia. I argue that the confluence of two events – the commencement of all night television transmissions and the emergence of punk – contributed to a Bourdieuian habitas that exerted a hitherto unexamined influence on the music of the time. Drawing on personal experiences, Greil Marcus’ examination of unknown connections between ‘punk’ practitioners, and the work of Pierre Bourdieu, I conclude that all-night television transmissions played an important and as yet unacknowledged role in shaping the Melbourne music scene of today. In addition to this, I suggest that all night television is a lens through which further examination of punk in other areas – both geographically and philosophically – can usefully be explored.
Digging up the dead cities: Abandoned streets and past ruins of the future in the glossy punk magazine
Authors: Trowell Ian 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article excavates, examines and celebrates the short run of the magazines Punk’s Not Dead! (a single issue printed in 1981), Punk! Lives (eleven issues printed between 1982 and 1983) and Noise! (sixteen issues in 1982) as a small corpus of overlooked dedicated punk literature – coincident with the UK82 incarnation of punk − that takes the form of a pop-style poster magazine. This revisiting is undertaken with three key aims: to re-assert these resources back into both the punk historical canon and the general history of pop music literature, to provoke a critical discussion of what their existence might imply, and to take a more detailed look at the iconographic construction of the images in what are essentially photograph-driven poster magazines within a wider music-media climate of carefully crafted images. In examining the images it identifies three predominant themes: the street, the apocalypse and the graveyard, respectively mapped across from the genres of Oi!, street-punk/UK82 and positive-punk/goth that are covered in the magazines.
Ethics and practices in American DIY spaces
Authors: Woods Peter J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The history of punk and its subgenres is, in part, a history of DIY spaces and the influences these spaces have on punk and the DIY scene at large. A better understanding of the ethical guidelines of DIY venue organizers would provide insight into the practices of these venues by providing a glimpse into the motivating factors behind these actions. To approach these issues, this article utilizes existing research to examine current DIY practices and their relation to punk culture, as well as defining the primary ethical guidelines in the DIY scene, followed by new research into these issues. In this study, I spoke with eleven different organizers of long running DIY spaces around the United States. These interviews revealed an overwhelming drive to construct DIY venues as inclusive spaces that provide resources for a variety of communities. In practice, however, the heightened sense of alignment between organizations and artists reported by the participants alludes to a lack of diversity amongst the viewpoints of those within these communities.