bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pupil Influence on the Visual Outcomes of a New-Generation Multifocal Toric Intraocular Lens With a Surface-Embedded Near Segment
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Corpuz Christine Carole C. , Huseynova Tukezban , Tomita Minoru 
Published: February 2016

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the influences of preoperative pupil parameters on the visual outcomes of a new-generation multifocal toric intraocular lens (IOL) model with a surface-embedded near segment.

METHODS:

In this prospective study, patients with cataract had phacoemulsification and implantation of Lentis Mplus toric LU-313 30TY IOLs (Oculentis GmbH, Berlin, Germany). The visual and optical outcomes were measured and compared preoperatively and postoperatively. The correlations between preoperative pupil parameters (diameter and decentration) and 3-month postoperative visual outcomes were evaluated using the Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient (

R
s

) for the nonparametric data.

RESULTS:

A total of 27 eyes (16 patients) were enrolled into the current study. Statistically significant improvements in visual and refractive performances were found after the implantation of Lentis Mplus toric LU-313 30TY IOLs (
P
< .05). Statistically significant correlations were present between preoperative pupil diameters and postoperative visual acuities (

R
s

> 0;
P
< .05). Patients with a larger pupil always have better postoperative visual acuities. Meanwhile, there was no statistically significant correlation between pupil decentration and visual acuities (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Lentis Mplus toric LU-313 30TY IOLs provided excellent visual and optical performances during the 3-month follow-up. The preoperative pupil size is an important parameter when this toric multifocal IOL model is contemplated for surgery.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(2):90–95.]
Rejet expéditif par la CEDH de la requête d’un étranger malade en voie d’expulsion : Une Convention à deux vitesses ?
Authors: Klausser Nicolas 
Published: February 2016

Par une décision du 12 novembre 2015 rendue en Comité de trois juges, la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme (CEDH) a rejeté la requête présentée le 12 août 2015 par un ressortissant arménien à l’encontre de la mesure d’éloignement du territoire français dont il fait l’objet, édicté par la préfecture de la Côte d’Or. Ce dernier avait fait valoir un risque de violation de l’article 3 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme (CESDH), car il ne pourrait avoir accès aux soins nécessaires à son état de santé en Arménie, comme l’a estimé le médecin de l’Agence régionale de santé (MARS) du Rhône dans son avis. La Cour a d’abord indiqué au gouvernement français, conformément à l’article 39 de son règlement, « qu’il était souhaitable de ne pas expulser le requérant vers l’Arménie pour la durée de la procédure devant la Cour ». Il lui a également demandé d’exposer les garanties dont il dispose « pour s’assurer que le requérant sera pris en charge par les autorités médicales locales en cas de renvoi vers l’Arménie ». Au regard des éléments avancés par le gouvernement français, la Cour européenne a levé la mesure provisoire, puis a déclaré la requête irrecevable en jugeant suffisantes les preuves de la disponibilité des soins. Pourtant, l’évaluation de la disponibilité des soins ainsi que la motivation de la Cour sont quelque peu lacunaires, et emportent diverses conséquences néfastes pour les étrangers malades faisant l’objet d’une mesure d’éloignement.
IL-1 Receptor Signaling on Graft Parenchymal Cells Regulates Memory and De Novo Donor-Reactive CD8 T Cell Responses to Cardiac Allografts
Authors: Iida Shoichi , Tsuda Hidetoshi , Tanaka Toshiaki , Kish Danielle D. , Abe Toyofumi , Su Charles A. , Abe Ryo , Tanabe Kazunari , Valujskikh Anna , Baldwin William M. , Fairchild Robert L. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Reperfusion of organ allografts induces a potent inflammatory response that directs rapid memory T cell, neutrophil, and macrophage graft infiltration and their activation to express functions mediating graft tissue injury. The role of cardiac allograft IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling in this early inflammation and the downstream primary alloimmune response was investigated. When compared with complete MHC-mismatched wild-type cardiac allografts, IL-1R−/− allografts had marked decreases in endogenous memory CD8 T cell and neutrophil infiltration and expression of proinflammatory mediators at early times after transplant, whereas endogenous memory CD4 T cell and macrophage infiltration was not decreased. IL-1R−/− allograft recipients also had marked decreases in de novo donor-reactive CD8, but not CD4, T cell development to IFN-γ–producing cells. CD8 T cell–mediated rejection of IL-1R−/− cardiac allografts took 3 wk longer than wild-type allografts. Cardiac allografts from reciprocal bone marrow reconstituted IL-1R−/−/wild-type chimeric donors indicated that IL-1R signaling on graft nonhematopoietic-derived, but not bone marrow–derived, cells is required for the potent donor-reactive memory and primary CD8 T cell alloimmune responses observed in response to wild-type allografts. These studies implicate IL-1R–mediated signals by allograft parenchymal cells in generating the stimuli-provoking development and elicitation of optimal alloimmune responses to the grafts.
Reflections on Architecture Design Education: The Integrated Design Paradigm
Authors: Bashier Fathi 
Published: February 2016

Studies have recently discussed the failure of traditional design in the studio to develop a rational approach based on systematic methods and objective knowledge. They agree that such an approach is incompatible with the complexity of modern design problems and recognize the need to replace it with a disciplinary approach in order to meet the challenges of modern design. Most critics attribute the failure of the traditional approach to the lack of knowledge. This study, however, argues that the problem is more precisely a problem of the inadequacy of design knowledge conception, and suggests that the development of a discipline-based approach cannot be achieved unless the entire knowledge conception is properly understood and theorized. To achieve this end the study has introduced, in a previous article, the integrated design paradigm as a theoretical framework which describes the knowledge system within the design process. In this article the study reviews the integrated design paradigm and develops a new understanding of design knowledge conception based on systems theory. In the light of this holistic perception, the study proposes the design process systems approach, a disciplinary model based on the integrated conception of design knowledge. However, both ‘the design process systems model’ and ‘the (revised) integrated design paradigm’ upon which it is based will have to be empirically verified in a future article.Keywords: process, knowledge, systems theory, knowledge conception, process systems
Influence of Gender and Cognitive Styles on Students’ Achievement in Biology
Authors: Okoye Patience O. 
Published: February 2016

The study investigated the influence of gender and cognitive styles on students' achievement in biology in senior secondary schools in Anambra State. One research question and one null hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. A causal comparative research design and a population of 12,000 (SSII) biology students in sixty-four government - owned secondary schools in Awka Education zone. The sample of the study consisted of 265 SSII biology students (141 males and 124 girls) drawn from four government owned schools comprising of two (2) boys and two (2) girls' school in Awka education zone. The sample was drawn using disproportionate stratified random sampling technique. Two instruments were employed for data collection namely: Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT) and Biology Achievement Test (BAT). GEFT was used to access the cognitive styles of students as either field -dependent or field independent. It is a standardized instrument with a reliability of 0.89 on a test re-test method. BA T content validity was ensured by a test blueprint while face validity was ensured by two biology educators and one expert in measurement and Evaluation from the science Education Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The reliability coefficient of BAT was established using Cronbach Alpha which gave 0.86. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research question while one-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the null hypothesis. Result showed among others: that gender and cognitive styles has no significant, influence on achievement scores of students in biology. Recommendations and conclusion were highlighted.Keywords: Gender, Cognitive styles, Achievement, Biology
Physical Format and Users’ Satisfaction with the Information Resources in University Libraries in the South-South Zone of Nigeria
Authors: Okpokwasili Nonyelum P. , Akanwa Pearl C , Okorie Ogechi N. 
Published: February 2016

The study was conducted to determine the influence of physical format on users’ satisfaction with information resources in university libraries in South-South zone of Nigeria. Survey research method was adopted for the study. The population of this study consists of 83 library staff and 7426 lecturers in the 11 university libraries in the zone during the 2011/2012 academic session. A sample of 36 library staff and 4627 lecturers from 6 of the universities in the zone was used. The researcher made questionnaire, Physical Format and Users’ Satisfaction with Information Resources (PFUSIRQ), was used to collect data. Means and standard deviations were used in answering the research question while the hypothesis was tested using t-Test in IBM SPSS for Window version 20 at p = 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there was no significant influence of physical format on users’ satisfaction with information resources in university libraries in the South-South zone of Nigeria. There is a strong indication that users were satisfied with physical format of the information resources acquired in the university libraries studied. It is therefore recommended that librarians should continue to take cognizance of the variable, physical format when acquiring information resources for the libraries.Keywords: Physical Format; Users’ Satisfaction; Information Resources
Impact of Prior Knowledge of Behavioural Objectives on Students' Academic Achievement in Physics
Authors: Udo Ndem Nsungo , Ubana Arikpo Ubana 
Published: February 2016

This study investigated impact of prior knowledge of behavioural objectives on students' academic achievements in physics. The quasi-experimental research design was used for the study. The sample for the study consisted of a total of one hundred and eighty eight (188) students drawn from secondary schools in Yakurr and Abi Local Government Areas of Cross River State. Ten secondary schools were used for the study. Five schools were purposively assigned to the experimental group while the other five schools were assigned to the control group. The instrument for data collection was the Atomic Physics Achievement Test (APAT) which consisted of fifty (50) items of multiple choice in nature. The instrument had a reliability index of 0.89 using the Kuder-Richardson formula -20. After pretest both groups were taught the concept of atomic physics but with the experimental group given the behavioural objectives before commencement of treatment. The data collected were analyzed using analysis of covariance with pretest scores as covariate. The results of the study showed significant difference in academic achievement between the experimental and control groups, significant difference in achievement between male and female students with the females taking the lead and a significant interaction effect between treatment and gender of the students. It was concluded that prior knowledge of behavioural objectives promote students’ academic achievement. Hence, it was recommended, among others, that physics teachers should be encouraged to give students behavioural objectives prior to the teaching of the concept.Keywords: Prior Knowledge; Behavioural Objectives; Academic Achievement; Physics
Integrating Multimedia ICT Software in Language Curriculum: Students’ Perception, Use, and Effectivenes
Authors: Penner Nikolai , Grodek Elzbieta 
Published: February 2016

<span>Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) constitute an integral part of the teaching and learning environment in present-day educational institutions and play an increasingly important role in the modern second language classroom. In this study, an online language learning tool Tell Me More (TMM) has been introduced as a supplementary tool in French and German first and second-year language university classes. At the end of the academic year, the students completed a questionnaire exploring their </span><em>TMM</em><span> usage behaviour and perception of the software. The survey also addressed aspects of the respondents' readiness for self-directed language learning. The data were then imported into SPSS and underwent statistical analysis. The results of the study show that 1) relatively few of today's university students are open to the idea of voluntarily using ICT for independent language practice; 2) grade, price, and availability of alternative means of language practice are the most important factors affecting the students' decision to purchase and use ICT software; 3) there is a relationship between the students' decision to buy and use ICT software and their readiness for self-directed learning.</span>
Light absorption of brown carbon aerosol in the PRD region of China
Authors: Yuan J.-F. , Huang X.-F. , Cao L.-M. , Cui J. , Zhu Q. , Huang C.-N. , Lan Z.-J. , He L.-Y. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The strong spectral dependence of light absorption of brown carbon (BrC) aerosol is regarded to influence aerosol's radiative forcing significantly. The Absorption Angstrom Exponent (AAE) method has been widely used in previous studies to attribute light absorption of BrC at shorter wavelengths for ambient aerosols, with a theoretical assumption that the AAE of "pure" black carbon (BC) aerosol equals to 1.0. In this study, the AAE method was applied to both urban and rural environments in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China, with an improvement of constraining the realistic AAE of "pure" BC through statistical analysis of on-line measurement data. A three-wavelength photo-acoustic soot spectrometer (PASS-3) and aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) were used to explore the relationship between the measured AAE and the relative abundance of organic aerosol to BC. The regression and extrapolation analysis revealed that more realistic AAE values for "pure" BC aerosol (AAEBC) were 0.86, 0.82, and 1.02 between 405 and 781 nm, and 0.70, 0.71, and 0.86 between 532 and 781 nm, in the campaigns of urbanwinter, urbanfall, and ruralfall, respectively. Roadway tunnel experiments were conducted and the results further confirmed the representativeness of the obtained AAEBC values for the urban environment. Finally, the average light absorption contributions of BrC (&amp;pm; relative uncertainties) at 405 nm were quantified to be 11.7 % (&amp;pm;5 %), 6.3 % (&amp;pm;4 %), and 12.1 % (&amp;pm;7 %) in the campaigns of urbanwinter, urbanfall, and ruralfall, respectively, and those at 532 nm were 10.0 % (&amp;pm;2 %), 4.1 % (&amp;pm;3 %), and 5.5 % (&amp;pm;5 %), respectively. The relatively higher BrC absorption contribution at 405 nm in the ruralfall campaign could be reasonably attributed to the biomass burning events nearby, which was then directly supported by the biomass burning simulation experiments performed in this study. This paper indicates that the BrC contribution to total aerosol light absorption at shorter wavelengths is not negligible in the highly urbanized and industrialized PRD region.
Guthlac Betwixt and Between: Literacy, Cross-Temporal Affiliation, and an Anglo-Saxon Anchorite
Authors: Weston Lisa M. C. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Guthlac's saintly “career” saw his transformation from aristocratic warrior to monastic visionary. It saw him move physically from a warrior's secular hall to a monastic community and then to an anchorite's cell. Beyond this, however, even the ways later generations came to know—and perhaps be stimulated to emulate—Guthlac move betwixt and between. That is, they involve repeated translations, movements between languages, between genres, between reading contexts. Felix's original Anglo-Latin vita must itself be triangulated among a variety of previous textual models. That Latin text was variously re-created as it was translated from Latin into multiple Old English texts. The Old English prose translations, vita and sermon, situate and invoke a significantly different Guthlac from that readable in the two (or perhaps three) extant devotional poems. Multiply liminal, Guthlac—the man and the textual memory—offers his readers an exemplar through whom they engage in the reconstruction of monastic identity and literary subjectivity.
Textually Enclosed and Marginally Open: Medieval Revelations and Early Modern Readers
Authors: Rogers William 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Serenus Cressy's XVI Revelations of Divine Love, his 1670 imprint of Julian's Long Text, is a curious text, maintaining much of the slightly modernized Middle English of the Long Text tradition. Throughout, Cressy includes glosses for the Middle English, and his choices, far from accidental or obvious, present a view of what the reader might know or not. More important, as an editor, Cressy re-creates Julian's own role, as her expansion of the Short Text into the Long involves both added material and added explanation, a kind of in-text glossing. Cressy's editorial activities not only follow Julian's example but also anticipate a modern scholarly agenda that reads and interprets many of the same topics and portions of her textual tradition. This essay explores the connection between Cressy's glossing of the servant-Lord exemplum, found in chapter 51, and his two prefaces to readers.
A Social Contract and Rules of Practice for the Fed
Authors: Feldmann John D. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A previous essay by John D. Feldmann entitled “The Fed as a Moral Enterprise” argued that monetary policy inextricably involves moral issues and further, that monetary policies must be properly justified morally. That article focused on the inadequacy of act consequentialism as a moral framework. Under act consequentialism the Fed does not properly take into account the potential consequences and thus lacks the structure for proper moral assessment. This essay takes the critique of consequentialist thinking into the rules versus discretion debate, arguing that the rule of thumb concept advanced in contemporary rule-based arguments is only part and not a fully adequate basis for a rule-based system for monetary policy. It argues that definite boundary-setting rules for central bank policy are needed, what the author calls rules of practice after John Rawls, if rules are again to be at the center of central bank thinking. The article then goes on to propose a source for rules of practice in the monetary policy writings of John Locke.
Plato and the American President: Thirty-five as the Age of Eligibility
Authors: York Neil 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The thirty-five year minimum age requirement for U.S. presidents was set late in the Constitutional Convention. The reasons for that choice must be inferred because so little survives from the contemporary record. The only source attaching significance to thirty-five that the Founders had access to was Plato's Republic. The Founders did not want to be governed by Plato's guardians, but they did expect their presidents to possess some of the guardians' attributes. Simply put, however much they looked ahead to the future, they were still anchored to the past. It is difficult to say much more than that because so much of the Founders' intellectual world eludes us—a reminder, as Laurence Tribe put it, that there is more to the Constitution, and to the men who wrote it, than meets the eye.
АНАЛИЗА БУЏЕТСКОГ ДЕФИЦИТА И ЈАВНОГ ДУГА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ
Authors: Trklja Milan 
Published: February 2016

У многим развијеним земљама и земљама у развоју постоји тренд раста фискалног дефицита. За привредни раст и његову одрживост у будућем периоду од великог значаја је ефикасно управљање јавним дугом и буџетским дефицитом. Буџетски дефицит представља окидач како унутрашње тако и спољне неравнотеже. Један од циљева фискалне политике у будућем периоду јесте свођење дефицита на одрживи ниво. Јавни дуг представља укупну задуженост државе који она бележи како према домаћим тако и према инострамим повереницима у одређеном временском периоду. Заправо, јавни дуг представља комулирани буџетски дефицит, јер држава повећава јавни дуг када су у буџету остварени већи расходи од прихода. С тим у вези, у раду аутор се бави анализом дефицита и јавног дуга Републике Србије.
АМЕРИЧКИ ИНВЕСТИЦИОНИ ФОНДОВИ – НАЈВЕЋИ ИНВЕСТИЦИОНИ ФОНДОВИ НА ФИНАНСИЈСКОМ ТРЖИШТУ
Authors: Jovović Marina , Cvetković Kristina 
Published: February 2016

Са 15 билиона $ у активи индустрија заједничких фондова САД остала је највећа на свету на крају 2013. године чинећи половину од 30 билиона $ имовине светских заједничких фондова. Укупна имовина је порасла за близу 2 билиона $ у односу на крај 2012. Главно учешће у имовини отворених фондова САД имају дугорочни фондови. Акцијски фондови чине 52% активе отворених фондова САД на крају 2013. године. Процењује се да је 96 милиона индивидуалних инвеститора задржало 90 одсто власништва у укупним средствима заједничких фондова. Све у свему 56,7 милиона домаћинстава или 45 процената од свих домаћинстава у САД има сувласништво у заједничким фондовима.
Growth of high-strength protein crystals with nanofibers
Authors: Matsuoka Miki , Kakinouchi Keisuke , Adachi Hiroaki , Maruyama Mihoko , Sugiyama Shigeru , Nakabayashi Iori , Tsuchikura Hiroshi , Kuwahara Atsushi , Sano Satoshi , Yoshikawa Hiroshi Y. , Takahashi Yoshinori , Yoshimura Masashi , Matsumura Hiroyoshi , Murakami Satoshi , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Mori Yusuke , Takano Kazufumi 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Here, we present a novel method of growing protein crystals with nanofibers. Protein crystals were grown by incorporating nanofibers. No obvious differences were observed in diffraction data between fiber-containing and as-grown crystals. The fiber-containing crystals displayed an increased tolerance to osmotic shock caused by soaking in 25% ethanol or 40% dimethyl sulfoxide. This means that the method allowed us to easily increase the crystal mechanical stability. Because the method is very simple, it will provide a variety of possibilities for protein crystallization.