bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta‐analyses of foodservice interventions and their effect on nutritional outcomes and satisfaction of adult oncology patients
Authors: Doyle Elizabeth , Simmance Natalie , Wilding Helen , Porter Judi 
Published: March 2017

AimAn understanding of effective foodservice interventions on nutrition outcomes in adult patients with cancer is required to support clinical decision making. This systematic review aimed to determine the effect of foodservice interventions across a range of nutritional outcomes and satisfaction of hospitalised and ambulatory adult oncology patients.MethodsThe review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42016045772). Six databases were searched using search terms associated with the intervention and population. No date or language restrictions were applied. Authors applied the inclusion criteria to titles and abstracts and then full‐text papers. The final library was assessed for risk of bias. Outcome data were combined narratively and, where possible, by meta‐analysis.ResultsFrom the title and abstract review of 4414 studies, 12 studies testing the effect of foodservice interventions were included in this review. Meta‐analyses demonstrated significantly greater energy (mean difference 1.54 MJ/day; 95% CI 0.85–2.23 MJ/day) and protein (mean difference 18.98 g/day; 95% CI 11.58–26.39 g/day) intake through the addition of oral nutrition supplements. Other positive effects on anthropometric outcomes were also recorded. Patient satisfaction was enhanced through other foodservice interventions.ConclusionsLimited original research was found exploring the effect of foodservice interventions in oncology patients. Significant findings were found in favour of the intervention across a range of nutritional outcomes, suggesting that foodservice interventions may improve clinical outcomes and satisfaction in this population. Effective foodservice interventions for oncology patients remain under‐researched, so we encourage dietitians and foodservice staff to implement rigorous study designs to evaluate and publish interventions in this clinical group.
Effect of Extrusion on Physicochemical Properties, Digestibility, and Phenolic Profiles of Grit Fractions Obtained from Dry Milling of Normal and Waxy Corn
Authors: Thakur Sheetal , Singh Narpinder , Kaur Amritpal , Singh Baljit 
Published: March 2017

AbstractExtrusion behavior of grits obtained from 3 successive reductions of dry milling of 2 normal corn types and 1 waxy corn was studied at different extrusion temperatures (ET). The grit from each reduction stage (RS) showed the presence of base‐hydrolyzed bound protocatechuic acid, p‐coumaric acid, sinapic acid, ferulic acid, and quercetin, and the concentrations of these decreased after acid hydrolysis and that of gallic acid increased. African tall grit from all RSs showed the highest average specific mechanical energy (SME) and torque, while waxy corn grit had the lowest. Corn extrudates showed an increase in water solubility index (WSI) and a decrease in water absorption index (WAI), as well as in expansion ratio (ER) with an increase in ET. Extrudates from each corn type showed an increase in rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and a decrease in slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch with an increase in ET. Most of the phenolics were present in bound form in extrudates, and quercetin, and catechin observed in grit were not present in extrudates. Frying of extrudates showed lower L* and higher a* and b* when compared to color parameters of raw extrudates. Lower expansion of fried extrudates from waxy corn than those from other corn types may be related to its higher protein and fat contents and to lower amylose content.
Population Exposure to Phthalate‐containing Drugs
Authors: Broe Anne , Ennis Zandra Nymand , Pottegård Anton , Hallas Jesper , Ahern Thomas , Damkier Per 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPhthalates are known endocrine disruptors. Not commonly recognized, phthalates are used as excipients in a number of drug formulations. We aimed to describe the sale of phthalate‐containing drugs in Denmark from 2004 to 2015. National data on annual sale of medications (tablets only) were accessed from medstat.dk. Data from the Danish Medicines Agency on phthalate content per tablet were merged with data on total sale for each active substance and drug formulation. We used the ‘defined daily dose’ (DDD) as the unit of sale and calculated the total amount of phthalate (mg) dispensed per 1000 inhabitants. Specific tablet content was compared with the maximum daily exposure limits defined by regulatory agencies for diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) of 4.0 and 0.01 mg/kg/day, respectively. Use of phthalate‐containing drugs in Denmark was common. We found 154 drug products containing five different phthalates. Two low‐molecular‐weight phthalates and three high‐molecular‐weight phthalates were identified, with a total sale of 59.4 and 112 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day during the study period, respectively. The highest amount of DBP was found in multi‐enzymes (24.6–32.8 mg per DDD) and mesalazine (12.5–26.4 mg per DDD). Budesonide, lithium and bisacodyl also exceeded the DBP exposure limit of 0.01 mg/kg/day. Other drugs had high levels of DEP, although not exceeding the exposure limit. Sales of phthalate‐containing drugs in Denmark from 2004 to 2015 were substantial, and phthalate exposure from several products exceeded the regulatory exposure limit introduced in 2014.
Volumetric changes and peri‐implant health at implant sites with or without soft tissue grafting in the esthetic zone, a retrospective case–control study with a 5‐year follow‐up
Authors: Bienz Stefan P. , Jung Ronald E. , Sapata Vitor M. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Hüsler Jürg , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the volumetric changes and peri‐implant health at implant sites with and without previous soft tissue grafting over a 5‐year observation period.Material and methodsIn 18 partially edentulous patients, dental implants were placed in the esthetic zone (15–25) with simultaneous guided bone regeneration, followed by submerged healing. During the healing phase, eight patients (test) received a subepithelial connective tissue graft, whereas 10 patients (control) did not receive any soft tissue augmentation. Subsequently, abutment connection was performed and final reconstructions were inserted. Impressions were taken 1 week after crown insertion and at 5 years. Obtained casts were scanned and superimposed for volumetric and linear measurements. The mean distance (MD) in the mid‐buccal area between the two surfaces and the differences in buccal marginal mucosal level (bMMLchange) and in ridge width (RWchange) were evaluated. Peri‐implant health was assessed using probing pocket depth (PPD) values, plaque index (PlI) and bleeding on probing (BOP).ResultsAt a median follow‐up time of 60.5 months a median MD of −0.38 mm (Min: −0.94; Max: −0.03) (test) and of −0.51 mm (Min: −0.76; Max: 0.05) (control) was calculated. The level of the margo mucosae (bMMLchange) demonstrated a median loss of −0.42 mm (Min: −1.1; Max: −0.01) (test) and of −0.33 mm (Min: −1.02; Max: 0.00) (control). The median RWchange ranged between −0.44 mm and −0.73 mm (test) and between −0.49 mm and −0.54 mm (control). Mean PPD values slightly increased, whereas PlI and BOP remained stable over time in both groups. None of the comparisons between the groups revealed statistically significant differences (P > 0.35). A small sample size must be considered, however.ConclusionsLimited by a retrospective case–control study design, implant sites with and without soft tissue grafting on the buccal side revealed only minimal volumetric and linear changes and stability of peri‐implant parameters over 5 years.
Laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for rectal prolapse and rectal intussusception using a biological mesh
Authors: Albayati S. , Morgan M. J. , Turner C. E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimLaparoscopic ventral rectopexy (LVR) is a nerve‐sparing technique for the treatment of rectal prolapse. Concerns about the use of synthetic meshes in the pelvis and the associated risk of erosion have led to the recent use of biological meshes in some colorectal units. This retrospective study aims to assess the outcomes of patients undergoing LVR using a noncross‐linked nondermal biological mesh.MethodThe medical notes of all patients who underwent LVR between 1 December 2011 and 31 May 2014 were reviewed. The rate of obstructed defaecation before surgery was retrospectively determined from medical records using the Rome III criteria. The rates of obstructed defaecation and faecal incontinence following surgery were determined using a self‐reported questionnaire.ResultsA total of 51 patients had LVR between 1 December 2011 and 31 May 2014. Their mean age was 57.3 ± 2.5 years and the mean follow‐up was 23 ± 1 months. There were seven (13.7%) postoperative complications. In total, 45 (88%) patients completed the functional outcome questionnaires. Before surgery, 33 (73.3%) patients complained of symptoms of obstructed defaecation. At the end of follow‐up, 22 (48.8%, P = 0.001) patients continued to have some symptoms of obstructed defaecation. Before surgery, 12 (26.7%) patients complained of faecal incontinence. At the end of follow‐up, only three (6.7%, P = 0.004) patients reported faecal incontinence. At the end of follow‐up, recurrence of symptoms had occurred in six (13.3%) patients.ConclusionLVR using a biological mesh is safe and results in significant reduction in symptoms associated with external rectal prolapse and rectal intussusception.
Apoptosis and cell cycle regulatory effects of adenosine by modulation of GLI‐1 and ERK1/2 pathways in CD44+ and CD24− breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Jafari S.M. , Joshaghani H.R. , Panjehpour M. , Aghaei M. , Zargar Balajam N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesBreast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of tumour cells with the ability of self‐renewal and resistance to chemotherapy. Targeting CSCs is a promising strategy for treatment of cancer. A recent study demonstrated that adenosine receptor agonists inhibit glioblastoma CSCs proliferation. At present, the effect of adenosine on breast CSCs has not been reported. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of adenosine and its signalling pathways in breast CSCs.Materials and methodsAnti‐proliferative effect of adenosine on breast CSCs was evaluated by mammosphere formation and MTS assay. The effect of adenosine on cell cycle progression was examined using flow cytometry. Detection of apoptosis was conducted by Annexin V‐FITC. The expression levels of cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory proteins as well as ERK1/2, and GLI‐1 were measured by Western blot.ResultsAdenosine reduced CSCs population and mammosphere formation in breast CSCs. Adenosine induced G1 cell cycle arrest in breast CSCs in conjunction with a marked down‐regulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4. Adenosine also induced apoptosis by regulation of Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential depletion and activation of caspase‐6. Moreover, adenosine inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation and GLI‐1 protein expression.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that adenosine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through inhibition of GLI‐1 and ERK1/2 pathways in breast CSCs.
Cooperating in time of crisis: war, commons, and inequality in Renaissance Lombardy
Authors: Di Tullio Matteo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article addresses the question of how exogenous shocks led to economic redistribution at a local rural community level in the pre‐industrial period, and how inequality can be limited (or not) by institutions and endogenous social structures within the community itself. This article presents a micro‐analytical study conducted mainly on unpublished sources, focusing on a boundary area (the Geradadda) disputed by Milan and Venice during the long period of the Italian Wars (1494–1559) in a broad European perspective. To understand the impact of wars, the management of local commons and communal assets is analysed in the more general context of the management of local finances. This research shows how local communities organized cooperative behaviours for the defence of local resources, developing innovative credit systems and encouraging a process of redistribution. Before other important factors—such as the distribution of wealth or of local political and social power—cooperation between social groups and the role played by elites were the keystones to limiting the increase in inequality.
A fabrication history based strain‐fatigue model for prediction of crack initiation in a radial loading wheel
Authors: Zhao Y. , Ma M. , Qin R. , Ling Y. , Wang G. , Wan X. , Gu H. , Liu Y. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA strain‐based fatigue model concerning fabrication history is applied to predict the fatigue life of a commercial car wheel under radial loads. As the prior conditions, the strain fatigue testing is performed on standard specimen of DP590 and FB540 steels at various fabrication states, including raw materials, pre‐strain and pre‐strain + bake. Furthermore, the strain distribution of car wheel during its rotation under radial loads is simulated via ANSYS. The fatigue properties mainly determined by crack initiation of car wheels at various fabrication states are predicted via local stress–strain method, in which the scale and surface factors are also taken into account. The radial fatigue testing is carried out, and the results are used to validate the present model. The fracture mechanism is analysed using FEI Nova 400 field emission gun scanning electron microscope.
The effect of graphene oxide nano‐platelets on fracture behavior of adhesively bonded joints
Authors: Khoramishad H. , Ebrahimijamal M. , Fasihi M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper studied the effect of graphene oxide nano‐platelets (GOPs) on the fracture behaviour of epoxy adhesive‐bonded joints, experimentally and numerically. The double cantilever beam specimens were tested and the fracture energies and resistance curves were determined for the unreinforced and reinforced adhesives. A maximum improvement of 69% in the fracture energy was achieved with the addition of 0.3 wt% of GOPs into the adhesive layer. Moreover, the fracture surfaces were examined using the scanning electron microscopy technique to find out the toughening mechanisms involved in this improvement and mechanisms of GOP debonding and crack deflection were observed. Furthermore, a cohesive zone model was utilised to numerically study the effect of GOPs on the fracture behaviour of the adhesive. The numerical analyses showed that the damage process zone length was also influenced by GOPs. The longest damage process zone was obtained for the toughened adhesive with 0.3 wt% of GOPs.
Multi‐scale fatigue crack propagation in 304 stainless steel: experiments and modelling
Authors: Ye S. , Zhang X.‐C. , Gong J.‐G. , Tu S.‐T. , Zhang C.‐C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe stages of fatigue crack initiation and small crack propagation usually occupy most part of fatigue life. The multi‐scale fatigue crack propagation mechanism of 304 stainless steel using in situ optical microscopy was investigated in this paper. An analytical model was also proposed to predict the multi‐scale crack growth rate. Results indicated that grain boundaries inhibit the small crack propagation and lead to the fluctuation of crack growth rate when the applied stress is relatively low. The prediction results using the proposed model agree well with the experimental result. The effect of grain size distribution on crack growth rate can be identified by the present model. Moreover, the prediction capacity of the proposed model is further verified by using another two materials, for example 7075‐T6 and U720Li.
Slow Philosophy
Authors: Trakakis N. N. 
Published: March 2017

Metaphilosophy is typically concerned with such questions as the goals of philosophy, the relations between philosophy and the arts and sciences, the methods of argumentation and tools of analysis employed by philosophers, major trends and schools of thought, the prospects for progress and future directions. But one topic that has been consistently overlooked in these discussions is that ofthe temporality, or pace and tempo, of philosophy. Initially this may seem a relatively insignificant topic and therefore one that has been justifiably passed over. The tempo of philosophy, however, relates in quite direct ways to the nature of philosophical practice and how this has been shaped by wider social currents and changes – matters that are of crucial concern to metaphilosophy. Most of us, for example, are keenly aware that modern life is fast and frenzied, and its busy‐ness appears only to be accelerating. How has this impacted upon the ways in which philosophy is understood and produced? Does the fast pace of contemporary life compel us to reevaluate not only our ways of living but also our ways of thinking as philosophers? In response to such questions, I propose that philosophy is in urgent need ofslowing down, and to this end I develop what might be called a ‘Slow Philosophy’.
Evidence for a role of oestrogen receptor‐related receptor in the regulation of male sexual behaviour in the moth Agrotis ipsilon
Authors: Bozzolan F. , Durand N. , Demondion E. , Bourgeois T. , Gassias E. , Debernard S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe oestrogen receptor‐related receptors (ERRs) are orphan nuclear receptors that were originally identified on the basis of their close homology to the oestrogen receptors. The three mammalian ERR genes participate in the regulation of vital physiological processes including reproduction, development and metabolic homeostasis. Although unique ERRs have been found in insects, data on the function and regulation of these receptors remain sparse. In the present study, a 2095‐bp full‐length cDNA encoding an ERR, termed AiERR, was isolated from males of the moth Agrotis ipsilon and deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number KT944662. The predicted AiERR protein shared an overall identity of 47–82% with other known insect and mammalian ERR homologues. AiERR exhibited a broad tissue expression pattern with the detection of one transcript of approximately 2 kb in the primary olfactory centres, the antennal lobes (AL). In adult males, the amount of AiERR mRNA in the AL increased concomitantly with age and responses to the female‐emitted sex pheromone. Moreover, AiERR knockdown induced an inhibition in the sex pheromone‐orientated flight of male. Using A. ipsilon as a model, our study demonstrates that the insect ERR is critical for the performance of male sexual behaviour, probably by acting on central pheromone processing.
The potential benefits and harms of early feeding post‐surgery: a literature review
Authors: Abela Genevieve 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe effect of nutrition on wound healing is widely recognized, with many studies highlighting the detrimental effect poor nutrition can have on wound healing. In addition, fasting pre‐, peri‐ and postoperatively can contribute to further protein catabolism, leading to morbidity and mortality. By reviewing the current literature, this work evaluates the potential benefits and harms from early feeding (EF) during the early stages postsurgery. Current randomised control trials suggest that the early introduction of nutrients post‐surgery may be beneficial for wound healing and recovery from surgery. Additionally, this approach does not seem to impose any increased complications post‐operatively. Conversely, although there is ongoing research supporting EF and evidence showing that malnutrition can delay wound healing and recovery, healthcare professionals remain sceptical with a slow uptake in adopting EF protocols.
High‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for scleromyxoedema: a prospective open‐label clinical trial using an objective score of clinical evaluation system
Authors: Guarneri A. , Cioni M. , Rongioletti F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundScleromyxoedema is a primary fibro‐mucinosis whose therapy is still challenging.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) for the management of scleromyxoedema prospectively using an objective score.MethodsIn a prospective open‐label study, IVIg was administered to eight patients with scleromyxoedema in a dose of 2 g/kg per month. The patients were followed‐up to a minimum of 6 months, and their disease activity and response to treatment were assessed using the Physician's Global Assessment of disease severity (PGA) and a modified objective skin scoring system for patients with scleroderma (modified Rodnan score system for scleromyxoedema or mRSSS). We used a stringent statistical nonparametric test, the Mann–Whitney U‐test, to assess the changes in the mRSSS following therapy with IVIg.ResultsEight patients were included (five males) with a mean age of 59 years. Mean duration of scleromyxoedema was 19 months (6–37 months). The mean duration of treatment was 36.5 months (range 7–74 months).The patients were followed‐up for a minimum of 15 months to a maximum of 87 months (mean 44 months). The mean baseline mRSSS of our cohort was 82.38 (37–145, SD 40.763) at the start of treatment, and this significantly decreased to 14.88 (0–37, SD 12.988) (P = 0.012) at the last clinical evaluation with a decrease in mRSSS of 81.6%. No considerable side effects were noted. Paraproteinemia remained substantially unchanged. In six cases, maintenance infusions were required to preserve disease control, while in two patients, therapy was stopped after 7 and 11 months. Relapses, however, occurred, respectively, after 6 and 25 months.ConclusionsOur study is the first to demonstrate a statistically clinical objective improvement of clinical symptoms of scleromyxoedema with IVIg.