bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved unstructured WENO method for compressible multi‐fluids flow
Authors: Zheng Hongwei , Zhao Wengeng 
Published: November 2015

SummaryAn improved high‐order accurate WENO finite volume method based on unstructured grids for compressible multi‐fluids flow is proposed in this paper. The third‐order accuracy WENO finite volume method based on triangle cell is used to discretize the governing equations. To have higher order of accuracy, the P1 polynomial is reconstructed firstly. After that, the P2 polynomial is reconstructed from the combination of the P1. The reconstructed coefficients are calculated by analytical form of inverse matrix rather than the numerical inversion. This greatly improved the efficiency and the robustness. Four examples are presented to examine this algorithm. Numerical results show that there is no spurious oscillation of velocity and pressure across the interface and high‐order accurate result can be achieved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid time stepping scheme combining explicit Runge–Kutta with implicit LU‐SGS for Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Lu Fengling 
Published: November 2015

SummaryA hybrid time stepping scheme is developed and implemented by a combination of explicit Runge–Kutta with implicit LU‐SGS scheme at the level of system matrix. In this method, the explicit scheme is applied to those grid cells of blocks that have large local time steps; meanwhile, the implicit scheme is applied to other grid cells of blocks that have smaller allowable local time steps in the same flow field. As a result, the discretized governing equations can be expressed as a compound of explicit and implicit matrix operator. The proposed method has been used to compute the steady transonic turbulent flow over the RAE 2822 airfoil. The numerical results are found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data. In the validation case, the present scheme saved at least 50% of the memory resources compared with the fully implicit LU‐SGS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting High‐Frequency Risk Measures
Authors: Banulescu Denisa , Colletaz Gilbert , Hurlin Christophe , Tokpavi Sessi 
Published: November 2015

This article proposes intraday high‐frequency risk (HFR) measures for market risk in the case of irregularly spaced high‐frequency data. In this context, we distinguish three concepts of value‐at‐risk (VaR): the total VaR, the marginal (or per‐time‐unit) VaR and the instantaneous VaR. Since the market risk is obviously related to the duration between two consecutive trades, these measures are completed with a duration risk measure, i.e. the time‐at‐risk (TaR). We propose a forecasting procedure for VaR and TaR for each trade or other market microstructure event. Subsequently, we perform a backtesting procedure specifically designed to assess the validity of the VaR and TaR forecasts on irregularly spaced data. The performance of the HFR measure is illustrated in an empirical application for two stocks (Bank of America and Microsoft) and an exchange‐traded fund based on Standard & Poor's 500 index. We show that the intraday HFR forecasts capture accurately the volatility and duration dynamics for these three assets. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffusion of responsibility attenuates altruistic punishment: A functional magnetic resonance imaging effective connectivity study
Authors: Feng Chunliang , Deshpande Gopikrishna , Liu Chao , Gu Ruolei , Luo Yue‐Jia , Krueger Frank 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHumans altruistically punish violators of social norms to enforce cooperation and pro‐social behaviors. However, such altruistic behaviors diminish when others are present, due to a diffusion of responsibility. We investigated the neural signatures underlying the modulations of diffusion of responsibility on altruistic punishment, conjoining a third‐party punishment task with event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging and multivariate Granger causality mapping. In our study, participants acted as impartial third‐party decision‐makers and decided how to punish norm violations under two different social contexts: alone (i.e., full responsibility) or in the presence of putative other third‐party decision makers (i.e., diffused responsibility). Our behavioral results demonstrated that the diffusion of responsibility served as a mediator of context‐dependent punishment. In the presence of putative others, participants who felt less responsible also punished less severely in response to norm violations. Our neural results revealed that underlying this behavioral effect was a network of interconnected brain regions. For unfair relative to fair splits, the presence of others led to attenuated responses in brain regions implicated in signaling norm violations (e.g., AI) and to increased responses in brain regions implicated in calculating values of norm violations (e.g., vmPFC, precuneus) and mentalizing about others (dmPFC). The dmPFC acted as the driver of the punishment network, modulating target regions, such as AI, vmPFC, and precuneus, to adjust altruistic punishment behavior. Our results uncovered the neural basis of the influence of diffusion of responsibility on altruistic punishment and highlighted the role of the mentalizing network in this important phenomenon. Hum Brain Mapp 37:663–677, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Habitat influences distribution of chronic wasting disease in white‐tailed deer
Authors: Evans Tyler S. , Kirchgessner Megan S. , Eyler Brian , Ryan Christopher W. , Walter W. David 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTChronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that was first detected in 1967 in a captive research facility in Colorado. In the northeastern United States, CWD was first confirmed in white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in 2005. Because CWD is a new and emerging disease with a spatial distribution that had yet to be assessed in the Northeast, we examined demographic, environmental, and spatial effects to determine how each related to this spatial distribution. The objectives of our study were to identify environmental and spatial effects that best described the spatial distribution of CWD in free‐ranging white‐tailed deer and identify areas that support deer that are at risk for CWD infection in the Northeast. We used Bayesian hierarchical modeling that incorporated demographic covariates, such as sex and age, along with environmental covariates, which included elevation, slope, riparian corridor, percent clay, and 3 landscapes (i.e., developed, forested, open). The model with the most support contained landscape covariates and spatial effects that represented clustering of CWD in adjacent grid cells. Forested landscapes had the strongest relationship with the distribution of CWD, with increased risk of CWD occurring in areas that had lesser amounts of forest. Our results will assist resource managers in understanding the spatial distribution of CWD within the study area, and in surrounding areas where CWD has yet to be found. Efficiency of disease surveillance and containment efforts can be improved by allocating resources used for surveillance in areas with deer populations that are at greatest risk for infection. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Revision neural monitored surgery for recurrent thyroid cancer: Safety and thyroglobulin response
Authors: Salari Behzad , Ren Yin , Kamani Dipti , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the quantitative biochemical response, recurrence rate, and rate of surgical complications for thyroid cancer revision surgery.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsThis is a single institution analysis of a prospective database of 181 patients undergoing reoperation for local recurrent thyroid cancer by the same surgeon from 2004 to 2013 with intraoperative neural monitoring. Main outcome measures included pathologic findings, surgical complications, effect of reoperation on thyroglobulin (Tg) levels, and recurrence rate. We defined biochemical complete remission as postoperative stimulated Tg of 0.2 ng/mL or less.ResultsFourteen percent of the patients presented with permanent vocal cord palsy (VCP), and 20% of the patients presented with hypocalcemia prior to surgery. Among them, 70% of the patients underwent first revision surgery; whereas in 30% the surgery represented second or higher revision surgery, with 8% being a third or higher revision. None developed temporary or permanent VCP. Temporary hypocalcemia occurred in 9% of the patients, and permanent hypocalcemia occurred in 4.2%. The rate of cervical node recurrence was 5% at a median follow‐up of 3.4 years. There were no disease‐specific deaths. Mean preoperative basal Tg was 22.3 ng/mL and mean postoperative Tg was 5.7 ng/mL, a decline of 74% (P = 0.023, paired t test). Biochemical complete remission was achieved in 58% of all revision cases.ConclusionReoperative neural monitored surgery for recurrent thyroid cancer is a safe and effective procedure with limited morbidity in experienced hands, even in the setting of multiple prior revision surgeries and existing comorbidities such as VCP and hypocalcemia.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1020–1025, 2016
Eosinophilic esophagitis strongly linked to chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Padia Reema , Curtin Karen , Peterson Kathryn , Orlandi Richard R. , Alt Jeremiah 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the relative risk of having eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) coexist with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in probands and their families using the Utah Population Database (UPDB).MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study with population‐based matched controls utilized the UPDB, a genealogical database linked to medical records. It was used to identify CRS and EoE patients diagnosed at any age between 2008 and 2012. The familial risks of an EoE diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 530.13) in CRS probands, and vice versa, and their first‐ through fifth‐degree relatives and spouses were calculated using logistic regression models in comparison to controls randomly selected from the Utah population and individually matched 6:1 on sex and birth year.ResultsProbands with CRS demonstrated a 3.4‐fold increased risk of having EoE themselves (P < 10−15). First‐degree relatives (parents, siblings, and children) of CRS probands had a 1.5‐fold increased risk of having EoE (P < 10−4), whereas more distant relatives did not show a significant increased risk. Spouses of probands had a 1.4‐fold increased risk of having EoE (P = 0.055). Conversely, risk estimates of having CRS in EoE probands were consistent.ConclusionWe observed an increased risk of comorbid EoE in patients with CRS and their families. An association between CRS and EoE as comorbid conditions suggests that a familial component is contributing to the etiology of both diseases. Further analyses regarding the pathophysiology of the development of CRS in these specific patients will lead to a better understanding of both disease processes and may help target therapy.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 126:1279–1283, 2016
Neck recurrence and mortality in esthesioneuroblastoma: Implications for management of the N0 neck
Authors: Naples James G. , Spiro Jeffrey , Tessema Belachew , Kuwada Clinton , Kuo Chia‐Ling , Brown Seth M. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo review the literature on neck recurrence in esthesioneuroblastoma.Study DesignPubMed database.MethodsA PubMed database search was performed using keywords “esthesioneuroblastoma,” “olfactory neuroblastoma,” and “esthesioneuroblastoma neck metastasis.” Articles written in English with greater than 10 subjects that had data regarding the association of neck recurrence and mortality and/or the association of neck recurrence with Kadish stage were included for analysis.ResultsThirteen studies met inclusion criteria with information regarding the association of neck recurrence and mortality, and 15 studies had data associating neck recurrence and Kadish stage. The neck recurrence rate was 14.1% in studies analyzing mortality. Among those patients who developed regional metastases, mortality was 60%. Of patients without regional recurrence, the mortality rate from disease was 26% (P < 0.0001) and overall mortality was 32% (P < 0.0001).The rate of neck recurrence within each Kadish stage was 0%, 11%, 21%, and 18% for Kadish stages A, B, C, and D, respectively. The trend toward an increased incidence of neck recurrence from stage A to stage D is statistically significant, with P value 0.003.ConclusionThe rate of neck recurrence in esthesioneuroblastoma is close to 15%. There is a strong association of recurrence with Kadish stage B and C. Mortality from disease in patients with recurrence in cervical lymph nodes is significant when compared to those who never develop neck disease. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate a potential role for elective neck dissection versus elective neck radiation for patients with esthesioneuroblastoma.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 126:1373–1379, 2016
Safety and efficacy of cryolipolysis for non‐invasive reduction of submental fat
Authors: Kilmer Suzanne L. , Burns A. Jay , Zelickson Brian D. 
Published: November 2015

Background and ObjectivesCryolipolysis has previously received FDA clearance for fat reduction in the abdomen, flanks, and thighs. There is also interest in small volume fat reduction for areas such as the chin, knees, and axilla. This article reports the results of a cryolipolysis pivotal IDE study for reduction of submental fullness.Study Design/Material and MethodsA prototype small volume vacuum applicator (CoolMini applicator, CoolSculpting System, ZELTIQ Aesthetics) was used to treat 60 subjects in the submental area. At each treatment visit, a single treatment cycle was delivered at −10°C for 60 minutes, the same temperature and duration used in current commercially‐available cryolipolysis vacuum applicators. At the investigator's discretion, an optional second treatment was delivered 6 weeks after the initial treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was 80% correct identification of baseline photographs by independent physician review. The primary safety endpoint was monitoring incidence of device‐ and/or procedure‐related serious adverse events. Secondary endpoints included assessment of fat layer thickness by ultrasound and subject satisfaction surveys administered 12 weeks after final cryolipolysis treatment.ResultsIndependent photo review from 3 blinded physicians found 91% correct identification of baseline clinical photographs. Ultrasound data indicated mean fat layer reduction of 2.0 mm. Patient questionnaires revealed 83% of subjects were satisfied, 80% would recommend submental cryolipolysis to a friend, 77% reported visible fat reduction, 77% felt that their appearance improved following the treatment, and 76% found the procedure to be comfortable. No device‐ or procedure‐related serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionThe results of this clinical evaluation of 60 patients treated in a pivotal IDE study demonstrate that submental fat can be reduced safely and effectively with a small volume cryolipolysis applicator. Patient surveys revealed that submental cryolipolysis was well‐tolerated, produced visible improvement in the neck contour, and generated high patient satisfaction. These study results led to FDA clearance of cryolipolysis for submental fat treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:3–13, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of neural networks for precipitation analysis in a humid region to detect drought and wet year alarms
Authors: Valipour Mohammad 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, annual precipitation was forecast by coding in MATLAB software environment based on a non‐linear autoregressive neural network (NARNN), non‐linear input–output (NIO) and NARNN with exogenous input (NARNNX). Historical precipitation data (27 precipitation gauge stations located in Gilan, Iran) were used as two 21 year sets from 1968 to 1988 and from 1989 to 2009 for calibration and testing of the networks, respectively. Results showed that the accuracy of the NARNNX was better than that of the NARNN and NIO, based on r values. However, performance of the networks was not satisfactory because the number of neurons in the hidden layer and the roles of training, validation and testing phases were lacking flexibility and change. Optimization of the number of neurons in the hidden layer and the determination of the best role among the different phases led to improvement of network accuracy. The r values were <0.73 only for five stations in the optimized NARNN and <0.74 only for those stations with optimized NIO.
Modelling of daily maximum temperatures over Australia from 1970 to 2012
Authors: Wanishsakpong Wandee , McNeil Nittaya 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe variations of daily maximum temperatures over consecutive 5 day periods from 1970 to 2012 in Australia are described. The data were obtained from the Australia Bureau of Meteorology, comprising measurements from 85 weather stations. Linear regression was used initially to model the seasonally adjusted daily maximum temperatures. Factor analysis was used to classify the temperatures from the 85 stations into seven factors which correspond to seven geographical regions. The average maximum annual temperature in these seven regions ranged from 23 to 36 °C. A 6th order polynomial regression model was then fitted to investigate the trend and pattern of the temperatures in these seven regions. Similar increasing temperature trends occurred in the central, eastern, southern and southeastern parts of the country.
Redox modulation of curcumin stability: Redox active antioxidants increase chemical stability of curcumin
Authors: Nimiya Yoshiki , Wang Weicang , Du Zheyuan , Sukamtoh Elvira , Zhu Julia , Decker Eric , Zhang Guodong 
Published: November 2015

ScopeSubstantial studies have shown that curcumin, a dietary compound from turmeric, has beneficial effects on many diseases. However, curcumin rapidly degrades at physiological pH, making it difficult to interpret whether the observed actions of curcumin are from curcumin itself or its degradation products. Therefore, it is important to better understand the mechanisms involved in curcumin degradation and the roles of degradation in its biological actions.Methods and resultsHere, we show that a series of redox active antioxidants with diverse chemical structures, including gallic acid, ascorbate (vitamin C), tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and Trolox (a water‐soluble analog of vitamin E), dramatically increased curcumin stability in phosphate buffer at physiological pH. When treated in basal cell culture medium in MC38 colon cancer cells, curcumin rapidly degraded with a half‐life of several minutes and showed a weak antiproliferative effect; co‐addition of antioxidants enhanced stability and antiproliferative effect of curcumin. Finally, co‐administration of antioxidant significantly increased plasma level of curcumin in animal models.ConclusionTogether, these studies strongly suggest that a redox‐dependent mechanism plays a critical role in mediating curcumin degradation. In addition, curcumin itself, instead of its degradation products, is largely responsible for the observed biological actions of curcumin.
Simultaneous and interleaved acquisition of NMR signals from different nuclei with a clinical MRI scanner
Authors: Meyerspeer Martin , Magill Arthur W. , Kuehne Andre , Gruetter Rolf , Moser Ewald , Schmid Albrecht Ingo 
Published: November 2015

PurposeModification of a clinical MRI scanner to enable simultaneous or rapid interleaved acquisition of signals from two different nuclei.MethodsA device was developed to modify the local oscillator signal fed to the receive channel(s) of an MRI console. This enables external modification of the frequency at which the receiver is sensitive and rapid switching between different frequencies. Use of the device was demonstrated with interleaved and simultaneous 31P and 1H spectroscopic acquisitions, and with interleaved 31P and 1H imaging.ResultsSignal amplitudes and signal‐to‐noise ratios were found to be unchanged for the modified system, compared with data acquired with the MRI system in the standard configuration.ConclusionInterleaved and simultaneous 1H and 31P signal acquisition was successfully demonstrated with a clinical MRI scanner, with only minor modification of the RF architecture. While demonstrated with 31P, the modification is applicable to any detectable nucleus without further modification, enabling a wide range of simultaneous and interleaved experiments to be performed within a clinical setting. Magn Reson Med 76:1636–1641, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Correction of inter‐scan motion artifacts in quantitative R1 mapping by accounting for receive coil sensitivity effects
Authors: Papp Daniel , Callaghan Martina F. , Meyer Heiko , Buckley Craig , Weiskopf Nikolaus 
Published: November 2015

PurposeInter‐scan motion causes differential receive field modulation between scans, leading to errors when they are combined to quantify MRI parameters. We present a robust and efficient method that accounts for inter‐scan motion by removing this modulation before parameter quantification.Theory and MethodsFive participants moved between two high‐resolution structural scans acquired with different flip angles. Before each high‐resolution scan, the effective relative sensitivity of the receive head coil was estimated by combining two rapid low‐resolution scans acquired receiving on each of the body and head coils. All data were co‐registered and sensitivity variations were removed from the high‐resolution scans by division with the effective relative sensitivity. R1 maps with and without this correction were calculated and compared against reference maps unaffected by inter‐scan motion.ResultsEven after coregistration, inter‐scan motion significantly biased the R1 maps, leading to spurious variation in R1 in brain tissue and deviations with respect to a no‐motion reference. The proposed correction scheme reduced the error to within the typical scan–rescan error observed in datasets unaffected by motion.ConclusionInter‐scan motion negatively impacts the accuracy and precision of R1 mapping. We present a validated correction method that accounts for position‐specific receive field modulation. Magn Reson Med 76:1478–1485, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.