bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positron Emission Tomography‐Assisted Photothermal Therapy with Gold Nanorods
Authors: Renero‐Lecuna Carlos , Pulagam Krishna R. , Uribe Kepa B. , Vázquez‐Aristizabal Paula , Gómez‐Vallejo Vanessa , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , Llop Jordi , Henriksen‐Lacey Malou 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotothermal anticancer therapy based on plasmonic nanoparticles is proposed to enhance treatment efficacy while mitigating unintended side effects. However, most studies blindly rely on the accumulation of nanoparticles at the tumor site, which may result in inefficient treatment. In this study, the aim is to evaluate relevant parameters to improve plasmonic photothermal therapy. Gold nanorods (AuNRs) with an optimized aspect ratio and either amino or carboxylic acid surface functionalization are selected as photothermal agents. AuNR biocompatibility and photothermal activity in 2D and 3D human MDA‐MB‐231 triple‐negative breast cancer cell models, evaluating localized hyperthermal cell death upon irradiation with resonant near‐infrared (NIR) light, are analyzed first. To ensure reliable tracking of biodistribution in vivo, AuNRs are labeled with the positron emitter copper‐64 (64Cu), and their distribution in a murine MDA‐MB‐231 tumor model is studied via positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. PET images reveal enhanced tumor accumulation of carboxylic acid‐functionalized AuNRs compared to amino‐functionalized AuNRs post‐intravenous administration. Relatively low NIR laser power densities (0.5 W cm−2) are used for controlled heating – keeping local temperature below 50 °C – upon irradiation of intravenously and intratumorally administered AuNRs. As a result, tumor growth is significantly decelerated, even 9 days after application of photothermal therapy.
Analysis of Unfolded Protein Response Activation in Colon Adenocarcinoma Epithelial Cells: A Proteomic Study
Authors: Vivier Solange , Bray Fabrice , Flament Stéphanie , Guilbert Lucile , Renaud Florence , Rolando Christian , Launay David , Dubucquoi Sylvain , Sobanski Vincent 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeHigh throughput technologies have identified molecular patterns in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, aiding in modeling responses to anti‐cancer treatments. The different responses observed depend on the type of cancer, the tumour grade and the functional programme of the cancer cells. Recent studies suggest that the unfolded protein response (UPR), autophagy and apoptosis could be involved in treatment resistance mechanisms by interacting with the tumour microenvironment (TME).Experimental DesignWe analysed by LC‐MS/MS the proteome of two representative colon adenocarcinoma epithelial cell lines from different tumour grades (CCL‐233 and CCL‐221) at the basal state or after the UPR induction.ResultsCell lines expressed a different proteome on about 10% of their total proteins identified, especially on UPR, autophagy and apoptosis pathways proteins at basal state. After UPR induction, the proteome of the cells was modified with a greater adaptive response to cellular stress in CCL‐221 cells where the UPR was strongly activated at the basal state.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceCRC cell lines at different tumour grades expressed different functional programmes at the proteomic level and were characterised by different responses to the UPR induction. This study suggests that baseline cancer cell stress status could have an impact on the efficiency of cancer therapies.
Oroxylin A alleviates myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury by quelling ferroptosis via activating the DUSP10/MAPK‐Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Jin Yifeng , Tan Mingyue , Yin Yunfei , Lin Chen , Zhao Yongjian , Zhang Jun , Jiang Tingbo , Li Hongxia , He Mingqing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReperfusion therapy is the primary treatment strategy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Paradoxically, it can lead to myocardial damage, namely myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). This study explored whether oroxylin A (OA) protects the myocardium after MIRI by inhibiting ferroptosis and the underlying mechanism. In vivo, we established an MIRI model to investigate the protective effect of OA. In vitro, H9C2 cells were used to explore the regulation of ferroptosis by OA through immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, assay kits, etc. Additionally, RNA sequencing analysis (RNA‐seq) and network pharmacology analyses were conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that MIRI caused cardiac structural and functional damage in rats. MIRI promoted ferroptosis, which was consistently observed in vitro. However, pretreatment with OA reversed these effects. The mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway participated in the MIRI process, with dual‐specificity phosphatase 10 (DUSP10) found to regulate it. Further confirmation was provided by knocking down DUSP10 using small interfering RNA (siRNA), demonstrating the activation of the DUSP10/MAPK‐Nrf2 pathway by OA to protect H9C2 cells from ferroptosis. Our research has demonstrated the mitigating effect of OA on MIRI and the improvement of myocardial function for the first time. The inhibition of ferroptosis has been identified as one of the mechanisms through which OA exerts its myocardial protective effects. Moreover, we have first unveiled that DUSP10 serves as an upstream target involved in mediating ferroptosis, and the regulation of the DUSP10/MAPK‐Nrf2 pathway by OA is crucial in inhibiting ferroptosis to protect the myocardium.
Exploring methandienone metabolites generated via homogenized camel liver: Advancements for anti‐doping applications through High Resolution‐Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analysis
Authors: Vazhat Ramees Abdulla , Farook N. A. Mohamed , Nalakath Jahfar , Komathu Praseen Ondern 
Published: September 2024

RationaleAnabolic steroids, also known as anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS), encompass steroidal androgens such as testosterone, as well as synthetic counterparts with similar structures and effects. The misuse of AAS has increased over the years, leading to ethical and welfare concerns in sports. The World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) and the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI) have banned AAS in relevant sports. Methandienone is one of the most identified anabolic androgenic steroids in sports drug testing, Therefore, reliable detection methods are crucial for effective doping control and maintaining the integrity of the sports.MethodsThis study explores the use of homogenized camel liver for detecting methandienone metabolites in camels. The biotransformation pathways of methandienone in homogenized camel liver tissues are analyzed using Liquid Chromatography‐High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC‐HRMS) to identify and characterize the phase I and phase II metabolites. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Thermo‐Hypersil C18 column.ResultsThe study has identified 11 methandienone metabolites (M1–M11), this includes 10 phase I and one phase II metabolite. A glucuronic acid conjugate of methandienone was observed in this study, but no sulfonic acid conjugations were found. The metabolites and their possible chemical structures, along with their fragmentation patterns are confirmed using MSMS (MS2) experiments in data‐independent acquisition (DIA) mode.ConclusionsThese findings serve as a vital tool for the rapid detection of methandienone, combating its illicit use in camel racing. Comprehensive screenings covering both the parent drug and its metabolites are recommended to improve detection accuracy and ensure regulatory compliance in sports doping. Future research should explore methandienone's metabolite profile in administered camel samples.
Evaluation of Dermatologic Diagnostic Ability on Skin of Colour in Preclinical Medical Students
Authors: Greene Adina , Ghalambor Tara , Penner Scott , Irwin Chase , Hastings K. Taraszka 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Various studies have revealed that there is a disproportionately low representation of skin of colour (SOC) in medical school dermatologic curriculum and board study resources.

Methods
First-year and second-year medical students were emailed an 18-question survey regarding (1) identifying correct diagnoses of dermatologic conditions on either White skin or SOC and (2) their confidence in identifying dermatologic conditions on SOC.

Results
15% of the images of dermatologic conditions included in the institutional preclinical curriculum show images of patients with SOC. Regarding overall scores for diagnosing dermatologic diseases, students performed similarly on both the White image survey (61.73%) and SOC image survey (66.20%) with no statistically significant differences between surveys (p = 0.14). Second-year medical students performed better than first-year medical students overall (p = 0.01) and on White skin image survey scores (p = 0.02) but not on people of colour image survey scores (p = 0.09). Students largely agreed that they were more comfortable identifying dermatologic diagnoses on White skin and that their school could benefit from increased SOC dermatological resources.

Conclusion
The overall low scores for the diagnosis of common skin conditions on both the White image and SOC image survey by first- and second-year students are not surprising given the results of a prior study and support the need for re-exposure to dermatology presentations in all skin types during the preclinical curriculum. The low scores support the need for changes in the pre-clinical dermatology curriculum to improve diagnostic ability. Second-year students performed better at diagnosing dermatologic conditions overall and on White skin compared to SOC at the end of their didactic years, possibly due to an underrepresentation of SOC images in institutional and outside educational resources. Attitudes towards school-specific dermatologic SOC education demonstrated a clear desire amongst students for more exposure to dermatologic conditions in various skin colours throughout the curriculum.
Thermoplasmonic Effect Enables Indirect ON–OFF Control over the Z‐E Isomerization of Azobenzene‐Based Photoswitch
Authors: Tarnowicz‐Staniak Nina , Staniak Mateusz , Dudek Marta , Grzelczak Marek , Matczyszyn Katarzyna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProper formulation of systems containing plasmonic and photochromic units, such as gold nanoparticles and azobenzene derivatives, yields materials and interfaces with synergic functionalities. Moreover, gold nanoparticles are known to accelerate the Z‐E isomerization of azobenzene molecules in the dark. However, very little is known about the light‐driven, plasmon‐assisted Z‐E isomerization of azobenzene compounds. Additionally, most of the azobenzene‐gold hybrids are prepared with nanoparticles of small, isotropic shapes and azobenzene ligands covalently linked to the surface of nanostructures. Herein, a formulation of an innovative system combining azobenzene derivative, gold nanorods, and cellulose nanofibers is proposed. The system's structural integrity relies on electrostatic interactions among components instead of covalent linkage. Cellulose, a robust scaffold, maintains the material's functionality in water and enables monitoring of the material's plasmonic‐photochromic properties upon irradiation and at elevated temperatures without gold nanorods aggregation. Experimental evidence supported by statistical analysis suggests that the optical properties of plasmonic nanometal enable indirect control over the Z‐E isomerization of the photochromic component with near‐infrared irradiation by triggering the thermoplasmonic effect. The proposed hybrid material's dual plasmonic‐photochromic functionality, versatility, and ease of processing render a convenient starting point for further advanced azobenzene‐related research and 3D printing of macroscopic light‐responsive structures.
Surface Reconstruction Regulation of Co3N Through Heterostructure Engineering Toward Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zeng Ye , Zheng Jiaxian , Zhang Heru , Yao Fen , Deng Dingrong , Wu Qihui , Makgwane Peter R. , Liang Hanfeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts generally experience structural and electronic modifications during electrocatalysis. This phenomenon, referred to as surface reconstruction, results in the formation of catalytically active species that act as real OER sites. Controlling surface reconstruction therefore is vital for enhancing the OER performance of electrocatalysts. In this study, a new approach is introduced of heterostructure engineering to facilitate the surface reconstruction of target catalysts. Using MnCo carbonate hydroxide (MnCo─CH)@Co3N as a demonstration, it is discovered that the surface reconstruction occurs more readily and rapidly on MnCo─CH@Co3N than on Co3N. More interestingly, during the reconstruction process, Mn species migrate to the surface, enabling the in situ formation of highly active Mn‐doped CoOOH. Consequently, the MnCo─CH@Co3N catalyst after reconstruction exhibits a low overpotential of 257 mV at 10 mA cm−2, compared to 379 mV of individual Co3N. This work offers fresh perspectives on understanding the enhanced OER performance of heterostructure electrocatalysts and the role of heterostructure in promoting surface reconstruction.
A new neoceratopsian (Ornithischia, Ceratopsia) from the Lower Cretaceous Ohyamashimo Formation (Albian), southwestern Japan
Authors: Tanaka Tomonori , Chiba Kentaro , Ikeda Tadahiro , Ryan Michael J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe herbivorous dinosaur clade Ceratopsia flourished in the northern hemisphere during the Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous. Previous palaeobiogeographic studies have suggested that their initial diversification occurred in Asia, with early‐branching neoceratopsians extending their geographical range to North America sometime during the Barremian to Albian. However, the specific timing and mode of their dispersal from Asia to North America remains unknown. Here we describe a new, early‐branching neoceratopsian, Sasayamagnomus saegusai gen. et sp. nov., from the Albian Ohyamashimo Formation in southwestern Japan, representing the easternmost fossil record of ceratopsians in Asia. Sasayamagnomus exhibits three diagnostic features in the jugal, squamosal and coracoid, respectively, and also has a unique combination of characters in the lacrimal. Our phylogenetic analysis indicates that Sasayamagnomus forms a clade with Aquilops americanus, one of the earliest neoceratopsians from North America, followed by the sister taxon Auroraceratops rugosus from China. The present time‐calibrated phylogenetic tree indicates that the immigration of neoceratopsians from Asia to North America occurred during the latest Aptian or early Albian, refining the previously suggested timeframe. This aligns with fragmentary neoceratopsian fossil records from the Lower Cretaceous of North America and the initial formation of the Bering land bridge. Furthermore, the simultaneous occurrence of global warming (which enabled the development of extensive forests in the Arctic region) and the emergence of the Bering land bridge during the Aptian–Albian, probably played a crucial role in facilitating the immigration of neoceratopsians from Asia to North America.
Individual Networks of Practice and Socialization into Academic Writing Outside the Classroom: A Case Study of an English Learner in Japan
Authors: Bankier John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe theory of language socialization and its subfield academic discourse socialization consider how newcomers are socialized into the practices and identities of communities through interaction with various communicative partners. Drawing on the framework of individual networks of practice, this case study considers the academic writing practices of an English as a foreign language (EFL) learner (Tomomi) at a university in Japan through the lens of her outside‐classroom social network. Data were drawn from a study of seven first‐year Japanese university students and included interviews, writing assignments with written feedback, and class materials. Through inductive qualitative analysis, shared English academic discourse practices were identified across all participants. For this case study, Tomomi's interview accounts and out‐of‐class social network were considered in light of these practices to determine her socialization trajectory. Analysis showed Tomomi leveraged many informal social ties to access writing‐related support outside the classroom, building knowledge of (and sense of competence in) writing practices. Her interpretations of teacher‐written feedback shaped how she evaluated peers as sources of writing support, leading Tomomi to refine her network to individuals who could best support her socialization. The study demonstrates how socialization into academic practices in EFL contexts can also transform out‐of‐class networks.
A review of the scientific literature on experimental toxicity studies of COVID-19 vaccines, with special attention to publications in toxicology journals
Authors: Domingo Jose L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSince the reports of the first cases of COVID-19, in less than 5 years, a huge number of documents regarding that disease and the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the infection, have been published. The tremendous number of scientific documents covers many topics on different issues directly related to COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. The number of articles—including reviews—reporting adverse/side effects of the approved COVID-19 vaccines is considerable. A wide range of adverse/side effects have been reported in humans after COVID-19 vaccination: thrombotic events/thrombocytopenia, myocarditis/pericarditis, cutaneous reactions, immune-mediated effects, psychiatric adverse events, systemic lupus erythematosus, reproductive toxicity, and other miscellaneous adverse effects. In contrast, information on nonclinical studies conducted to assess the potential toxicity/adverse effects of the COVID-19 vaccines in laboratory animals, is comparatively very scarce. The present review was aimed at revising the scientific literature regarding the studies in laboratory animals on the toxic/adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, the investigations reported in those specific toxicology journals with the highest impact factors have been examined one by one. The results of the present review indicate that most nonclinical/experimental studies on the adverse/toxic effects of the COVID-19 vaccines and/or potential candidates showed—in general terms—a good safety profile. Only in some animal studies were certain adverse effects found. However, a rather surprising result has been the limited number of available (in the databases PubMed and Scopus) nonclinical studies performed by the companies that have been the largest manufacturers of mRNA vaccines in the world. It is assumed that these studies have been conducted. However, they have not been published in scientific journals, which does not allow the judgment of the international scientific community, including toxicologists.
Approximation of Classical Two-Phase Flows of Viscous Incompressible Fluids by a Navier–Stokes/Allen–Cahn System
Authors: Abels Helmut , Fischer Julian , Moser Maximilian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe show convergence of the Navier–Stokes/Allen–Cahn system to a classical sharp interface model for the two-phase flow of two viscous incompressible fluids with same viscosities in a smooth bounded domain in two and three space dimensions as long as a smooth solution of the limit system exists. Moreover, we obtain error estimates with the aid of a relative entropy method. Our results hold provided that the mobility $$m_\varepsilon >0$$

m
ε

>
0

in the Allen–Cahn equation tends to zero in a subcritical way, i.e., $$m_\varepsilon = m_0 \varepsilon ^\beta $$

m
ε

=

m
0

ε
β

for some $$\beta \in (0,2)$$

β
∈
(
0
,
2
)

and $$m_0>0$$

m
0

>
0

. The proof proceeds by showing via a relative entropy argument that the solution to the Navier–Stokes/Allen–Cahn system remains close to the solution of a perturbed version of the two-phase flow problem, augmented by an extra mean curvature flow term $$m_\varepsilon H_{\Gamma _t}$$

m
ε

H

Γ
t

in the interface motion. In a second step, it is easy to see that the solution to the perturbed problem is close to the original two-phase flow.
Impact of sprint interval training on post-fatigue mitochondrial rate in professional boxers
Authors: Usher Andrew , Babraj John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Professional boxing is a sport that requires a high aerobic capacity to prevent fatigue and allow athletes to perform over 4–12 rounds. Typically, athletes will go into a heavy training period in a pre-bout camp lasting 6 to 9 weeks. This study investigates the impact of 3 weeks of repeated Wingate sprint interval training, performed on standard gym ergometer bikes, on skeletal muscle endurance and mitochondrial function.

Methods
Ten male professional boxers (age: 26 ± 4 years, height: 175 ± 5 cm, weight: 70 ± 5 kg) participated in the study. Baseline testing involved a NIRS monitor attached to the rectus femoris muscle prior to an incremental time to exhaustion test on a treadmill. After the treadmill test participants underwent a series of arterial occlusions to determine mitochondrial function post-volitional exhaustion. Participants then continued their own training for 3 weeks and then repeated baseline testing. After the second testing session, participants undertook three weekly sprint sessions consisting of 3 × 30 s maximal sprints with 60 s recovery. Testing was repeated 3 weeks later.

Results
The time to exhaustion increased by > 6% after 3 weeks of sprint interval training as compared to baseline and control (p < 0.05). Skeletal muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) at exhaustion was increased by 5.5% after 3 weeks of sprint interval training as compared to baseline and control (p = 0.008). Skeletal muscle mitochondrial rate post exhaustion was increased by 160% after 3 weeks of sprint interval training as compared to baseline and control (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The study demonstrated that SIT led to increased incremental time to exhaustion, higher SmO2 levels at volitional exhaustion and increased mitochondrial rates in professional boxers. These findings suggest that SIT should be an integral part of a boxe’s conditioning regimen to improve performance and safety within the ring.