bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetometer Survey at the Newly‐discovered Roman City of Auritz/Burguete (Navarre). Results and Preliminary Archaeological Interpretation
Authors: Garcia‐Garcia Ekhine , Mtz. Txoperena Juan Mari , Sala Roger , Aranburu Arantza , Agirre‐Mauleon Juantxo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper summarizes the principal geophysical results obtained at a recently discovered Roman city at Navarre. Prior to the survey, the extent of the affected areas and the characteristics of the settlement were unknown. The authors describe the field strategy applied and focus their discussion on the archaeological interpretation of the fluxgate gradiometer data. The results allowed for a detailed description of the layout in the main area revealing a city organized along the Roman road, which would have preceded the buildings. On the contrary, the results show important differences in magnetic contrast in the surveyed areas. Whilst the walls of the main area are well resolved, other areas do not show a discernible magnetic contrast even though their existence has been proven by other sources. The origin of these differences is discussed and preliminarily attributed to waterlogging or to differences in the thickness of the archaeological deposits. The magnetic survey, therefore, has shown itself to be a suitable technique for obtaining a preliminary assessment of the archaeological characteristics of the settlement, but cannot be used to definitively assess the affected areas. The results allowed zoning based on the contrast differences that will be used to guide further investigations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron‐Promotion of Silica‐Supported Copper Catalysts for Furfural Hydrodeoxygenation
Authors: Sheng Huibo , Lobo Raul F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of furfural is an important reaction for the production of biofuels because its product, 2‐methylfuran, has excellent fuel properties: it can be added easily to the existing gasoline pool and it is renewable and, therefore, carbon neutral. The reaction network of hydrodeoxygenation is a two‐step reaction from furfural to furfuryl alcohol and then to 2‐methylfuran. Silica‐supported Cu is a mild hydrogenation catalyst that is selective for the hydrogenation of the carbonyl group of furfural to furfuryl alcohol. We have found that Fe‐containing Cu‐based catalysts show much higher reactivity and very high selectivity towards 2‐methylfuran (85 %+). It is of interest to understand the structural and chemical effects of the Fe promotion (0.15 % w/w) over the Cu catalyst (1 % Cu w/w) and characterize the species responsible for the high hydrogenation performance. Our investigations indicate that after the catalyst is pretreated in hydrogen, Cu is reduced fully, whereas Fe is only reduced partially (a mixture of FeIII and FeII is observed). In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy suggests that FeII species are present on the catalyst surface, as indicated by the adsorption of NO.
Detection of bone marrow changes related to estrogen withdrawal in rats with a tabletop stray‐field NMR scanner
Authors: Sarda Yifat , Bergman Elad , Hillel Inbar , Binderman Itzhak , Nevo Uri 
Published: October 2016

PurposeOsteoporosis is characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD). A preliminary stage of the disease is progressive bone marrow adiposity, caused by imbalance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis in the marrow. Detection of osteoporosis relies on the quantification of BMD with techniques such as dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. This work aimed to detect bone marrow changes in an experimental model of osteopenia using a low‐field tabletop NMR scanner.MethodsAn experiment was performed on 32 female rats, 3 months old, 16 of which were ovariectomized (OVX) and 16 were sham‐operated (sham). The femur and tibia from both hind limbs were isolated and underwent ex vivo NMR scans at four time points after the OVX and sham operations. NMR scans were complemented by BMD measurements and histology.ResultsSignificant changes in the bone marrow of ovariectomized rats, relative to sham operated rats, were observed after 3.5 and 4.5 months. Bone marrow adiposity was detected by significant changes in T1 and T2 relaxation times, and in the diffusion coefficient.ConclusionsThis study suggests a potential detection of changes to the bone marrow using a tabletop NMR device. Clinical translation may facilitate screening, early detection of bone weakening as a result of estrogen withdrawal, and monitoring of treatment efficacy. Magn Reson Med 78:860–870, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Renal MR angiography and perfusion in the pig using hyperpolarized water
Authors: Wigh Lipsø Kasper , Hansen Esben Søvsø Szocska , Tougaard Rasmus Stilling , Laustsen Christoffer , Ardenkjær‐Larsen Jan Henrik 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo study hyperpolarized water as an angiography and perfusion tracer in a large animal model.MethodsProtons dissolved in deuterium oxide (D2O) were hyperpolarized in a SPINlab dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) polarizer and subsequently investigated in vivo in a pig model at 3 Tesla (T). Approximately 15 mL of hyperpolarized water was injected in the renal artery by hand over 4–5 s.ResultsA liquid state polarization of 5.3 ± 0.9% of 3.8 M protons in 15 mL of deuterium oxide was achieved with a T1 of 24 ± 1 s. This allowed injection through an arterial catheter into the renal artery and subsequently high‐contrast imaging of the entire kidney parenchyma over several seconds. The dynamic images allow quantification of tissue perfusion, with a mean cortical perfusion of 504 ± 123 mL/100 mL/min.ConclusionHyperpolarized water MR imaging was successfully demonstrated as a renal angiography and perfusion method. Quantitative perfusion maps of the kidney were obtained in agreement with literature and control experiments with gadolinium contrast. Magn Reson Med 78:1131–1135, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Health-economic evaluation of home telemonitoring for COPD in Germany: evidence from a large population-based cohort
Authors: Achelrod Dmitrij , Schreyögg Jonas , Stargardt Tom 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Introduction
Telemonitoring for COPD has gained much attention thanks to its potential of reducing morbidity and mortality, healthcare utilisation and costs. However, its benefit with regard to clinical and economic outcomes remains to be clearly demonstrated.

Objective
To analyse the effect of Europe’s largest COPD telemonitoring pilot project on direct medical costs, health resource utilisation and mortality at 12 months.

Methods
We evaluated a population-based cohort using administrative data. Difference-in-difference estimators were calculated to account for time-invariant unobservable heterogeneity after removing dissimilarities in observable characteristics between the telemonitoring and control group with a reweighting algorithm.

Results
The analysis comprised 651 telemonitoring participants and 7047 individuals in the standard care group. The mortality hazards ratio was lower in the intervention arm (HR 0.51, 95 % CI 0.30–0.86). Telemonitoring cut total costs by 895 € (p < 0.05) compared to COPD standard care, mainly driven by savings in COPD-related hospitalisations in (very) severe COPD patients (−1056 €, p < 0.0001). Telemonitoring enrolees used healthcare (all-cause and COPD-related) less intensely with shorter hospital stays, fewer inpatient stays and smaller proportions of people with emergency department visits and hospitalisations (all p < 0.0001). Reductions in mortality, costs and healthcare utilisation were greater for (very) severe COPD cases.

Conclusion
This is the first German study to demonstrate that telemonitoring for COPD is a viable strategy to reduce mortality, healthcare costs and utilisation at 12 months. Contrary to widespread fear, reducing the intensity of care does not seem to impact unfavourably on health outcomes. The evidence offers strong support for introducing telemonitoring as a component of case management.
Issues Arising in Psychological Consultations to Help Parents Talk to Minor and Young Adult Children about their Cancer Genetic Test Result: a Guide to Providers
Authors: Patenaude Andrea Farkas , Schneider Katherine A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe defining difference between genetic and traditional medicine is that genetic findings have implications not just for the patient, but also for their relatives. Discussion of a test result between parent and child is both a transformative and a translational moment in the life of a family. Parents report wanting help in talking to their children. The challenge for genetic counselors and other providers is to be able to recognize which issues are at the core of parental distress and be able to offer recommendations to empower and support parents. The complexity of potential genetic findings, including variants of uncertain significance (VUS) and incidental findings have vastly increased, requiring considerable explanation and leaving less time for discussion of emotional issues. While the nature of the testing (single gene to multigene panel and genomic testing) is dramatically changing, the nature of parent concerns remains remarkably constant. Families differ in many respects, so no “recipe” suffices to answer parents’ questions about how this important task should be approached in each family. Successful consultation to parents requires true counseling, matching parents’ fears and questions with information, exploration and advice specific to their concerns, their circumstances and strengths.
Professional and citizen bibliometrics: complementarities and ambivalences in the development and use of indicators—a state-of-the-art report
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet , Wouters Paul , Bornmann Lutz 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBibliometric indicators such as journal impact factors,h-indices, and total citation counts are algorithmic artifacts that can be used in research evaluation and management. These artifacts have no meaning by themselves, but receive their meaning from attributions in institutional practices. We distinguish four main stakeholders in these practices: (1) producers of bibliometric data and indicators; (2) bibliometricians who develop and test indicators; (3) research managers who apply the indicators; and (4) the scientists being evaluated with potentially competing career interests. These different positions may lead to different and sometimes conflicting perspectives on the meaning and value of the indicators. The indicators can thus be considered as boundary objects which are socially constructed in translations among these perspectives. This paper proposes an analytical clarification by listing an informed set of (sometimes unsolved) problems in bibliometrics which can also shed light on the tension between simple but invalid indicators that are widely used (e.g., theh-index) and more sophisticated indicators that are not used or cannot be used in evaluation practices because they are not transparent for users, cannot be calculated, or are difficult to interpret.
Latent Variable Selection for Multidimensional Item Response Theory Models via L1 Regularization
Authors: Sun Jianan , Chen Yunxiao , Liu Jingchen , Ying Zhiliang , Xin Tao 
Published: October 2016

We develop a latent variable selection method for multidimensional item response theory models. The proposed method identifies latent traits probed by items of a multidimensional test. Its basic strategy is to impose an L1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$L_{1}$$\end{document} penalty term to the log-likelihood. The computation is carried out by the expectation–maximization algorithm combined with the coordinate descent algorithm. Simulation studies show that the resulting estimator provides an effective way in correctly identifying the latent structures. The method is applied to a real dataset involving the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.
Thermodynamics of the Fe-N and Fe-N-C Systems: The Fe-N and Fe-N-C Phase Diagrams Revisited
Authors: Göhring Holger , Fabrichnaya Olga , Leineweber Andreas , Mittemeijer Eric Jan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSeveral thermodynamic descriptions of the Fe-N and Fe-N-C systems were proposed before now. The results of these descriptions significantly deviate from more recently obtained experimental data. The present work provides a revised thermodynamic description of these systems. The new description for the Fe-N system agrees distinctly better with the experimental data especially for the equilibrium of γ′-Fe4N1−xand ε-Fe3N1+z. The new thermodynamic description for the Fe-N-C system considering the Fe-rich part of the system with less than 33 at. pct N and less than 25 at. pct C excellently agrees with the new experimental data for both the temperatures of the invariant reactions and the phase boundaries. This in particular concerns the temperature range of typical technical nitriding and nitrocarburizing treatments [723 K to 923 K, (450 °C to 650 °C)], within which three invariant reactions occur in the ternary system.
Surface Properties of an Alcohol Alkoxylate in the Presence of a Cationic Surfactant
Authors: Vafakish Bahareh , Barari Mohammad 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAlcohol alkoxylate was prepared via propoxylation of an industrial alcohol ethoxylate. The chemical structure of the prepared compound was confirmed using FT‐IR and the physical properties were evaluated by the usual methods according to ASTM. The surface properties of the aqueous solution of alcohol alkoxylate were determined with or without addition of a cationic surfactant in comparison to the corresponding alcohol ethoxylate. The measured parameters were surface tension, CMC, maximum surface excess, minimum surface area and the interaction parameter (β). These data indicate that surface properties changed due to the attractive complex formation in the mixed system.
A comparative study of patient characteristics, opinions, and outcomes, for patients who leave the emergency department before medical assessment
Authors: Fraser Jacqueline , Atkinson Paul , Gedmintas Audra , Howlett Michael , McCloskey Rose , French James 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe emergency department (ED) left-without-being-seen (LWBS) rate is a performance indicator, although there is limited knowledge about why people leave, or whether they seek alternate care. We studied characteristics of ED LWBS patients to determine factors associated with LWBS.MethodsWe collected demographic data on LWBS patients at two urban hospitals. Sequential LWBS patients were contacted and surveyed using a standardized telephone survey. A matched group of patients who did not leave were also surveyed. Data were analysed using the Fisher exact test, chi-square test, and student t-test.ResultsThe LWBS group (n=1508) and control group (n=1504) were matched for sex, triage category, recorded wait times, employment and education, and having a family physician. LWBS patients were younger, more likely to present in the evening or at night, and lived closer to the hospital. A long wait time was the most cited reason for leaving (79%); concern about medical condition was the most common reason for staying (96%). Top responses for improved likelihood of waiting were shorter wait times (LWBS, 66%; control, 31%) and more information on wait times (41%; 23%). A majority in both groups felt that their condition was a true emergency (63%; 72%). LWBS patients were more likely to seek further health care (63% v. 28%; p<0.001) and sooner (median time 1 day v. 2-4 days; p=0.002). Among patients who felt that their condition was not a true emergency, the top reason for ED attendance was the inability to see their family doctor (62% in both groups).ConclusionLWBS patients had similar opinions, experiences, and expectations as control patients. The main reason for LWBS was waiting longer than expected. LWBS patients were more likely to seek further health care, and did so sooner. Patients wait because of concern about their health problem. Shorter wait times and improved communication may reduce the LWBS rate.
ACCESSIBILISM DEFINED
Authors: Hatcher Michael 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTAccessibilism is a version of epistemic internalism on which justification is determined by what is accessible to the subject. I argue that misunderstandings of accessibilism have hinged on a failure to appreciate an ambiguity in the phrase ‘what is accessible to the subject’. I first show that this phrase may either refer to the very things accessible to the subject, or instead to the facts about which things are accessible to her. I then discuss Ralph Wedgwood's (2002: 350–2) argument that accessibilism absurdly implies that an infinite regress of facts, each more complex than the last, must be accessible to the subject. I show that this regress objection only threatens the ‘very things’ disambiguation of accessibilism, not the ‘facts about’ disambiguation. After this, I discuss the relationships between the motivations for accessibilism and these two disambiguations. We will see that these motivations appear to support each disambiguation. But I will argue this appearance depends on a mistake. Just as only the ‘facts about’ disambiguation escapes the regress objection, it is also the only disambiguation which enjoys genuine support from the motivations for accessibilism. For these reasons, I recommend that future discussions of accessibilism focus on the ‘facts about’ disambiguation.
An Evaluation of Food as a Potential Source forClostridium difficileAcquisition in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Kwon Jennie H. , Lanzas Cristina , Reske Kimberly A. , Hink Tiffany , Seiler Sondra M. , Bommarito Kerry M. , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Dubberke Erik R. 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVETo determine whetherClostridium difficileis present in the food of hospitalized patients and to estimate the risk of subsequent colonization associated withC. difficilein food.METHODSThis was a prospective cohort study of inpatients at a university-affiliated tertiary care center, May 9, 2011–July 12, 2012. Enrolled patients submitted a portion of food from each meal. Patient stool specimens and/or rectal swabs were collected at enrollment, every 3 days thereafter, and at discharge, and were cultured forC. difficile. Clinical data were reviewed for evidence of infection due toC. difficile.A stochastic, discrete event model was developed to predict exposure toC. difficilefrom food, and the estimated number of new colonization events from food exposures per 1,000 admissions was determined.RESULTSA total of 149 patients were enrolled and 910 food specimens were obtained. Two food specimens from 2 patients were positive forC. difficile(0.2% of food samples; 1.3% of patients). Neither of the 2 patients was colonized at baseline withC. difficile. Discharge colonization status was available for 1 of the 2 patients and was negative. Neither was diagnosed withC. difficileinfection while hospitalized or during the year before or after study enrollment. Stochastic modeling indicated contaminated hospital food would be responsible for less than 1 newly colonized patient per 1,000 hospital admissions.CONCLUSIONSThe recovery ofC. difficilefrom the food of hospitalized patients was rare. Modeling suggests hospital food is unlikely to be a source ofC. difficileacquisition.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;1401–1407
Comparison of a web-based food record tool and a food-frequency questionnaire and objective validation using the doubly labelled water technique in a Swedish middle-aged population
Authors: Nybacka Sanna , Bertéus Forslund Heléne , Wirfält Elisabet , Larsson Ingrid , Ericson Ulrika , Warensjö Lemming Eva , Bergström Göran , Hedblad Bo , Winkvist Anna , Lindroos Anna Karin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTwo web-based dietary assessment tools have been developed for use in large-scale studies: the Riksmaten method (4-d food record) and MiniMeal-Q (food-frequency method). The aim of the present study was to examine the ability of these methods to capture energy intake against objectively measured total energy expenditure (TEE) with the doubly labelled water technique (TEEDLW), and to compare reported energy and macronutrient intake. This study was conducted within the pilot study of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), which included 1111 randomly selected men and women aged 50–64 years from the Gothenburg general population. Of these, 200 were enrolled in the SCAPIS diet substudy. TEEDLWwas measured in a subsample (n40). Compared with TEEDLW, both methods underestimated energy intake: −2·5 (sd 2·9) MJ with the Riksmaten method; −2·3 (sd3·6) MJ with MiniMeal-Q. Mean reporting accuracy was 80 and 82 %, respectively. The correlation between reported energy intake and TEEDLWwasr0·4 for the Riksmaten method (P < 0·05) andr0·28 (non-significant) for MiniMeal-Q. Women reported similar average intake of energy and macronutrients in both methods whereas men reported higher intakes with the Riksmaten method. Energy-adjusted correlations ranged from 0·14 (polyunsaturated fat) to 0·77 (alcohol). Bland–Altman plots showed acceptable agreement for energy and energy-adjusted protein and carbohydrate intake, whereas the agreement for fat intake was poorer. According to energy intake data, both methods displayed similar precision on energy intake reporting. However, MiniMeal-Q was less successful in ranking individuals than the Riksmaten method. The development of methods to achieve limited under-reporting is a major challenge for future research.
Does concurrent breastfeeding alongside the introduction of solid food prevent the development of food allergy?
Authors: Venter Carina , Maslin Kate , Dean Taraneh , Arshad Syed Hasan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe timing of introduction of solid food on the subsequent development of food allergy is under debate and the role of concurrent breastfeeding is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of solid food introduction whilst concurrently breastfeeding on food allergy outcome, with a specific focus on cows’ milk allergy. Prospectively collected infant feeding data from a birth cohort were analysed. Participants with histories suggestive of food allergy underwent diagnostic food challenges. Children with food allergy were matched to control participants for age and sex. Mann–Whitney U tests, χ2, Fisher exact tests and logistic regression calculations were undertaken. A total of thirty-nine food-allergic children and seventy-eight matched controls were identified, including twenty-two cows’ milk-allergic children and forty-four matched controls. The control group introduced solid food earlier than the food-allergic group (P < 0·05). There was no effect of concurrent breastfeeding alongside cows’ milk introduction or other food allergens on the development of food allergy. Due to small numbers, it was not possible to explore differences for food allergy phenotype. We have therefore found no evidence that introducing solids, or food allergens, whilst breastfeeding has an allergy-preventative effect; however, the results should be interpreted with caution due to sample size. Recommendations regarding infant feeding and food allergy should be carefully considered. Although breastfeeding should be promoted for many health reasons, larger studies looking at the introduction of food allergens on the development of food allergy are needed to make a final conclusion.