bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in the epidemiology of major burn injury among hospitalized patients: A population-based analysis
Authors: Mason Stephanie A. , Nathens Avery B. , Byrne James P. , Gonzalez Alejandro , Fowler Rob , Karanicolas Paul J. , Moineddin Rahim , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND
Burn-related mortality has decreased significantly over the past several decades. Although often attributed in part to regionalization of burn care, this has not been evaluated at the population level.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study of all patients with 20% or higher total body surface area burn injury in Ontario, Canada. Adult (≥16 years) patients injured between 2003 and 2013 were included. Deaths in the emergency department were excluded. Logistic generalized estimating equations were used to estimate risk-adjusted 30-day mortality. Mortality trends were compared at burn and nonburn centers.

RESULTS
Seven hundred seventy-two patients were identified at 84 centers (2 burn, 82 nonburn). Patients were 74% (n = 570) male, of median age 46 (interquartile range [IQR], 35–60) years and median total body surface area 35% (IQR, 25–45). Mortality at 30 days was 19% (n = 149). The proportion of patients treated at a burn center increased from 57% to 71% between 2003 and 2013 (p = 0.07). Average risk-adjusted 30-day mortality rates decreased over time; there were significantly reduced odds of death in 2010 to 2013 compared with 2003 to 2006 (odds ratio [OR], 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25–0.61). Burn centers exhibited significantly reduced mortality from 2003–2006 to 2010–2013 (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.34–0.38) compared with nonburn centers (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.13–1.24).

CONCLUSION
Mortality rates have decreased over time; significant improvements have occurred at burn centers, whereas mortality rates at nonburn centers vary widely. A high proportion of patients continue to receive care outside of burn centers. These data suggest that there are further opportunities to regionalize burn care and in so doing, potentially lower burn-related mortality.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Epidemiological study, level III; Therapy, level IV.
The Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma’s Injury Control and Violence Prevention Committee’s annual distracted driving outreach event: Evaluating attitude and behavior change in high school students
Authors: Allee Lisa , Dechert Tracey , Rao Sowmya R. , Crandall Marie , Christmas Ashley , Eastman Alexander , Duncan Thomas , Foster Shannon 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND
The National Center for Statistics and Analysis reports at least eight deaths and 1,160 daily injuries due to distracted driving (DD) in the United States. Drivers younger than 20 years are most likely to incur a distraction-related fatal crash. We aimed to determine short- and long-term impact of a multimodal educational program including student-developed interventions, simulated driving experiences, and presentations by law enforcement and medical personnel.

METHODS
A single-day program aimed at teen DD prevention was conducted at a high school targeting students aged 15 years to 19 years old. Students were surveyed before, after, and at 6 weeks. We surveyed age, gender, knowledge, and experience regarding DD. Summary statistics were obtained at each survey time point. Bivariate and multivariable analysis were conducted to assess whether change in responses varied over time points. Multivariable models were adjusted for sex and urban and rural driving.

RESULTS
Preintervention, postintervention, and 6-week follow-up surveys were completed by 359, 272 (76%), and 331 (92%) students, respectively. At baseline and 6-week follow-up, the most frequent passenger-reported DD behaviors were cell phone (63% [63% at follow-up) and radio use (61% [63%]). Similarly, the most frequent driver-reported DD behaviors were cell phone (68% [72%]) and radio use (79% [80%]). When students were asked, “How likely are you to use your cell phone while driving?” they answered “never” 35%, 70%, and 46% on the preintervention, postintervention, and 6-week surveys. They were less likely to report consequences to be worse or change in attitude to a great extent at 6 weeks (p < 0.01). Gender and urban or rural driving were not significantly associated with responses.

CONCLUSIONS
While DD education may facilitate short-term knowledge and attitude changes, there appears to be no lasting effect. Research should be focused toward strategies for longer-term impact.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic study, level II.
How camouflage works
Authors: Merilaita Sami , Scott-Samuel Nicholas E. , Cuthill Innes C. 
Published: May 2017

For camouflage to succeed, an individual has to pass undetected, unrecognized or untargeted, and hence it is the processing of visual information that needs to be deceived. Camouflage is therefore an adaptation to the perception and cognitive mechanisms of another animal. Although this has been acknowledged for a long time, there has been no unitary account of the link between visual perception and camouflage. Viewing camouflage as a suite of adaptations to reduce the signal-to-noise ratio provides the necessary common framework. We review the main processes in visual perception and how animal camouflage exploits these. We connect the function of established camouflage mechanisms to the analysis of primitive features, edges, surfaces, characteristic features and objects (a standard hierarchy of processing in vision science). Compared to the commonly used research approach based on established camouflage mechanisms, we argue that our approach based on perceptual processes targeted by camouflage has several important benefits: specifically, it enables the formulation of more precise hypotheses and addresses questions that cannot even be identified when investigating camouflage only through the classic approach based on the patterns themselves. It also promotes a shift from the appearance to the mechanistic function of animal coloration.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Animal coloration: production, perception, function and application’.
SNaReSim: Synthetic Nanopore Read Simulator
Authors: Faucon Philippe , Balachandran Parithi , Crook Sharon 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNanopores represent the first commercial technology in decades to present a significantly different technique for DNA sequencing, and one of the first technologies to propose direct RNA sequencing. Despite significant differences with previous sequencing technologies, read simulators to date make similar assumptions with respect to error profiles and their analysis. This is a great disservice to both nanopore sequencing and to computer scientists who seek to optimize their tools for the platform. Previous works have discussed the occurrence of some k-mer bias, but this discussion has been focused on homopolymers, leaving unanswered the question of whether k-mer bias exists over general k-mers, how it occurs, and what can be done to reduce the effects. In this work, we demonstrate that current read simulators fail to accurately represent k-mer error distributions, We explore the sources of k-mer bias in nanopore basecalls, and we present a model for predicting k-mers that are difficult to identify. We also propose a new SNaReSim, a new state-of-the-art simulator, and demonstrate that it provides higher accuracy with respect to 6-mer accuracy biases.
Promoter or enhancer activation by CRISPRa rescues haploinsufficiency caused obesity
Authors: Matharu Navneet , Rattanasopha Sawitree , Maliskova Lenka , Wang Yi , Hardin Aaron , Vaisse Christian , Ahituv Nadav 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHaploinsufficiency, having only one functional copy of a gene, leads to a wide range of human disease and has been associated with over 300 genes. Here, we tested whether CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) could rescue a haploinsufficient diseasein vivo. Haploinsufficiency ofSim1, a transcription factor involved in the leptin pathway, results in severe obesity in humans and mice. CRISPRa targeting of either theSim1promoter or its ~270kb distant hypothalamic enhancer using transgenic mice, rescued the obesity phenotype inSim1heterozygous mice. Interestingly, despite using a ubiquitous promoter for CRISPRa,Sim1was upregulated only in tissues where the promoter or enhancer are active, suggesting that cis-regulatory elements can determine CRISPRa tissue-specificity. To further relate this to therapy, we injected CRISPRa adeno associated virus into the hypothalamus, leading to reversal of the obesity phenotype. This therapeutic strategy could be used to rescue numerous diseases resulting from altered gene dosage.
The role of diffusion MRI in neuroscience
Authors: Assaf Yaniv , Johansen-Berg Heidi , de Schotten Michel Thiebaut 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDiffusion weighted imaging has further pushed the boundaries of neuroscience by allowing us to peer farther into the white matter microstructure of the living human brain. By doing so, it has provided answers to fundamental neuroscientific questions, launching a new field of research that had been largely inaccessible. We will briefly summarise key questions, that have historically been raised in neuroscience, concerning the brain’s white matter. We will then expand on the benefits of diffusion weighted imaging and its contribution to the fields of brain anatomy, functional models and plasticity. In doing so, this review will highlight the invaluable contribution of diffusion weighted imaging in neuroscience, present its limitations and put forth new challenges for the future generations who may wish to exploit this powerful technology to gain novel insights.
Genome report: A duplication lost in sugarcane hybrids revealed by chloroplast genome assembly of wild speciesSaccharum officinarum
Authors: Paes Deise , Matteoli Filipe Pereira , Venancio Thiago Motta , Ferreira Paulo Cavalcanti Gomes , Grativol Clicia 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTSugarcane is a crop of paramount importance for sustainable energy. Modern sugarcane cultivars are derived from interspecific crosses between the two wild speciesSaccharum officinarumandSaccharum spontaneumand this event occurred very early in the sugarcane domestication history. This hybridization allowed the generation of cultivars with complex aneuploidy genomes containing 100–130 chromosomes that are unequally inherited - ~80% fromS. officinarum, ~10% fromS. spontaneumand ~10% from inter-specific crosses. Several studies have highlighted the importance of chloroplast genomes (cpDNA) to investigate hybridization events in plant lineages. Few sugarcane cpDNAs have been assembled and published, including those from sugarcane hybrids. However, cpDNAs of wild Saccharum species remains unexplored. In the present study, we used whole-genome sequencing data to survey the chloroplast genome of the wild sugarcane speciesS. officinarum. Illumina sequencing technology was used for assembly 142,234 bp ofS.officinarumcpDNA with 2,065,893 reads and 1043x of coverage. The analysis of theS. officinarumcpDNA revealed a notable difference in the LSC region of wild and cultivated sugarcanes. Chloroplasts of sugarcane cultivars showed a loss of a duplicated fragment with 1,031 bp in the beginning of the LSC region, which decreased the chloroplast gene content in hybrids. Based on these results, we propose the comparative analysis of organelle genomes as a very important tool for deciphering and understanding hybrid Saccharum lineages.
O.R.C.U.S. risk assessment tool for operations of light UAS above Germany
Authors: Hirling Oliver , Holzapfel Florian 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss European Aviation Safety Agency’s (EASA’s) Prototype Regulation on Unmanned Aircraft Operation and introduce the tool Operational Risk Considerations for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (O.R.C.U.S.). In contrast to existing airworthiness regulations for civil manned aircraft, EASA’s approach is focussed on flight operations and not aircraft, a significant change for the domain of civil airworthiness.

Design/methodology/approach
O.R.C.U.S. is a software risk analysis tool developed by the corresponding author. It encompasses all relevant factors for flight operations of light Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) above populated areas in Germany. The tool generates predictions of possible fatalities in the event of a light Unmanned Aircraft crash through the use of validated statistics and considering the time and location of a mission. An example mission, including a discussion of the results, is provided to demonstrate and discuss the capabilities of O.R.C.U.S.

Findings
EASA’s Prototype Regulation on Unmanned Aircraft Operation makes a sound risk assessment of UAS flight operations indispensable. O.R.C.U.S. is able to increase risk awareness for operators and airworthiness authorities even if only less to none information about the UAS is available, supporting the possible approval of such an operation.

Originality/value
In this paper, O.R.C.U.S. is presented for the first time. O.R.C.U.S. can provide risk estimations for UAS operations in Germany, even if only minimum information about the UAS is available. In contrast to other tools, O.R.C.U.S. offers a unique risk prediction by combining aspects of the flying Unmanned Aircraft as well as the overflown area.
Conceptualizing mechanisms influencing strategizing in business networks
Authors: Nyström Anna-Greta , Ramstrom Joachim , Törnroos Jan-Åke 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study how insights from socio-cognitivism (sensemaking and interaction) in conjunction with institutional theory enhance our knowledge of strategizing in business networks through role and position.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is conceptual and reviews extant literature from the fields under scrutiny, presenting and analyzing new combined approaches.

Findings
Current writings concerning strategizing in networks need to be supplemented in the area of strategic business network research. Interaction, sensemaking and institutionalization, as well as the network in which a firm is embedded, are important for strategically developing network positions and the roles of actors.

Research limitations/implications
This conceptual paper suggests mechanisms affecting role and position in networks and calls for empirical research to deepen the understanding of the change forces at play in embedded relational situations for firms.

Originality value
This study adds to current conceptual knowledge of strategizing in business networks. It presents a comprehensive perspective in viewing how key forces impact on the strategic position and role of corporate actors (both managers and firms) in networks.
An analysis of technical and commercialization paths for an innovation trajectory
Authors: Purchase Sharon , Kum Christina , Olaru Doina 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate sequences of event and the resulting innovation paths and trajectories followed by a university spin-off organization.

Design/methodology/approach
A single longitudinal case study methodology was applied to analyze innovation events and paths along the trajectory. Narrative methods were used to analyze actor perceptions on innovation processes/events.

Findings
The study categorizes events and paths in two categories, technical and commercialization, and finds that lock-in events matter for convergence of an innovation trajectory. The results indicate that understanding critical events may assist timely interventions in the innovation paths, thus potentially avoiding disruptions of the development of an innovation trajectory. The temporal processes reveal contrasting convergence–divergence patterns in the trajectory, depending on the types of events that occur.

Research limitations/implications
Using a single case data may limit the applicability of the findings, which calls for future research.

Practical implications
Industries could monitor the technical and commercialization paths as a strategy to reduce “vulnerability” of the innovation trajectory and possible negative impacts. Knowledge about the role of the CEO is key for a university spin-off organization.

Originality/value
This study presents a new typology of events and paths, identifies and characterizes lock-in events and shows the relatively fragile dexterity between convergent and divergent paths along an innovation trajectory.
Cross-border remittance between emerging economies: an institutional perspective
Authors: Theingi Theingi , Theingi Hla , Purchase Sharon 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how institutional mechanisms operate within both formal and informal channels of cross-border remittance.

Design/methodology/approach
Face-to-face interviews were conducted with Myanmar migrants mostly working in Thailand. Thematic coding was used to analyze field notes and identify themes in channel member perceptions and institutional environmental process.

Findings
Informal money transfer channels have achieved higher levels of legitimacy when compared to formal channels. Channel legitimacy is a more important attribute than efficiency. Lack of financial infrastructure, such as bank branches and ATM machines particularly in rural or outlying areas of Myanmar, the requirements for formal documentation and language and communication are the major institutional constraints that encourage the development and use of multiple channels in Myanmar. Formal money transfer channels develop with stronger regulative institutional processes, whereas informal money transfer channels develop with stronger cultural-cognitive and normative institutional processes.

Research limitations/implications
Using convenience sample of remitters mainly from one area of Thailand and other channel members from Yangon, the financial capital of Myanmar, may limit the applicability of the findings, which calls for future research.

Practical implications
Banks and money transfer offices need to improve legitimacy perception within migrant communities by building stronger networks with local banks and international banks. They could provide Myanmar speaking front-line service personnel and include brochures in the Myanmar language to improve the communication process. The findings and recommendations from this study are also applicable to informal channels and formal financial institutions in other ASEAN countries that are preparing to make investments in Myanmar. Moreover, Myanmar banks should also consider opening branches to cater for Myanmar workers in ASEAN, especially in Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia.

Originality value
This paper applies institutional theory within channels, investigates the context of a financial channel rather than a product channel, addresses the importance of institutional environmental mechanisms and constraints in influencing channel behavior and is embedded in the situational context of Myanmar, a newly opened South-East Asian economy where little prior research has been conducted.
Fake Indian currency racket in Nepal’s Terai
Authors: Dipesh Kumar K.C. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to attempt to analyse the trend of trafficking of fake Indian currency notes (FICN), which is organised in nature. It accounts the trend of the smuggling of FICN through the route of Nepal and emerging routes as a consequence of the extension and strength of the criminal gangs.

Design/methodology/approach
The author utilized the governmental and non-governmental reports besides journalistic reports related to the intention of fake currency trafficking to analyse the ground reality and vested interests of such crime.

Findings
Though the open border of Nepal with India is exaggerated as the reason behind the cross-border crimes, such as smuggling of FICN, this paper has falsified the biased perception of labelling the borderline as a crime zone. It finds an outcome of the FICN smuggling that turns the Indo–Nepal border areas as a covert battlefield of organised criminal gangs as well as secret agencies of regional powers.

Research limitations/implications
Due to ethical issues and limitations of research works on the topic, the descriptive analysis that could be carried out was limited.

Practical implications
The negative findings of the crime are implacable, in keeping in mind before establishing a good policy related to development and security of Nepal, especially the Terai region.

Social implications
The paper highlights social problems and challenges in the Terai region of Nepal that enforced the people residing in that area towards the fake currency racket. Hence, it urged to solve the social problems to curb the financial crime such as counterfeit notes trafficking in the region.

Originality/value
This study is the latest research describing and disclosing the fact behind fake currency trafficking and its consequences.
New York finalizes cybersecurity regulations for financial institutions
Authors: Cedarbaum Jonathan G. , Powell Benjamin A. , Freeman D. Reed , Schloss Leah , Abrahamson Reed 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
To analyze the cybersecurity regulations for financial institutions issued by the New York State Department of Financial Services on February 16, 2017.

Design/methodology/approach
This article summarizes the regulations’ scope and requirements including definition of Covered Entities and substantive requirements including periodic Risk Assessments, cyber policies, dedicated and trained personnel, testing, audit trails, control over Third Party Service Providers, authentication, secure disposal, encryption, and incident reporting.

Findings
The regulations go beyond federal requirements in a number of important respects.

Originality/value
This article provides a guide for regulated entities to start preparing for compliance with the new regulations from experienced lawyers with specialties in cybersecurity, privacy and communications.
The power of signaling: presidential leadership and rhetoric over 20 years
Authors: Kiessling Timothy , Martin Thomas M. , Yasar Burze 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the power of leadership rhetoric with a theoretical foundation of signaling theory. Past research mostly focus on followers and not other stakeholders and the authors attempt to fill that research gap.

Design/methodology/approach
The research explored nearly 20 years and 51,500 pages of information from US presidents and explored the impact on stock market volatility using generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity.

Findings
The research findings suggest that leaders can/do have a powerful impact on stakeholders. In particular negative statements will cause the greatest reaction due to risk adverse stockholders, neutral rhetoric will calm the market and decrease volatility and positive rhetoric was not significant.

Research limitations/implications
Past research suggests that a focus on the consequences of leadership rhetoric be explored and the research suggests that people do respond to powerful leaders, even if they are not followers. Also the authors filled a gap in regard to the impact of leader communication about economic and marketplace events.

Practical implications
Practitioners benefit from the research as they can focus upon the US presidents’ rhetoric and strategically apply the research as they can predict the movement of the stock market immediately thereafter.

Originality/value
Very little research has ever explored the impact of a leader’s rhetoric and the subsequent economic impact, and no one has explored in particular the president’s rhetorical impact (who is considered by many the top leader in the USA).