bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of systematic factors on the outcome of trauma laparotomy at a major trauma centre in South Africa
Authors: Steenkamp C , Kong VY , Clarke DL , Sartorius B , Bruce JL , Laing GL , Bekker W , Manchev V , Brysiewicz P 
Published: August 2017

Introduction The aim of this study was to examine and interrogate outcomes in trauma laparotomy in a South African trauma centre to determine whether systematic factors were associated with any discrepancies in outcome. Methods This was a retrospective review of a prospectively entered trauma registry undertaken at the Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. The service has developed a hybrid electronic medical record system (HEMR) where clinical data were captured in real time, which were incorporated this into a database. Results During the period from December 2012 to July 2016, 562 patients underwent emergency laparotomy for trauma and the time and date of surgery was recorded in the HEMR. The mean age of all patients was 29.5 years. There were 256 operations during the weekend or over a public holiday, with a mortality of 8% (n = 21) compared with 306 during the week (mortality of 10%, n = 31). This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.237). A total of 327 operations were performed at night (18:00 – 08:00) and 235 operations were performed during the day (08:00-18:00 Hours). This was a significant difference in mortality (10% (33) vs 7 % (16), P=0.013) These differences persisted if weekends and public holidays were separated out from normal working days. A total of 188 operations were performed on a week night, with a mortality of 11% (n = 20) and 121 operations were performed during a week day, with a mortality of 8% (n = 10). There were 139 operations on a weekend or public holiday night, with a mortality of 9% (n = 13). A total of 114 operations were performed on a weekend or public holiday day with a mortality of 7% (n = 8). A total of 208 procedures were performed with an consultant present. Of these, 32 patients (15%) died. A total of 368 procedures were performed without a consultant present and 8 (2%) died. Conclusions This study demonstrated a discrepancy in outcome for trauma laparotomy, depending on whether the operation was performed at night or during the day. The reasons for this are unclear, although the lack of consultant presence at night in comparison to during the day appears to be implicated.
Current assessment of choledochoduodenostomy: 130 consecutive series
Authors: Okamoto H , Miura K , Itakura J , Fujii H 
Published: August 2017

Introduction Cholelithiasis usually can be managed successfully by endoscopic sphincterotomy. Choledochoduodenostomy (CDD) is one of the surgical treatment options but its acceptance remains debated because of the risk of reflux cholangitis and sump syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the current features and outcomes of patient undergoing CDD. Patients and methods We retrospectively analysed the surgical results of consecutive 130 patients treated by CDD between 1991 and 2013 and excluded five cases with a malignant disorder. Indications for surgery included endoscopic management where stones were difficult or failed to pass and primary common bile duct stones with choledochal dilatation. Incidences of reflux cholangitis, stone recurrence, pancreatitis or sump syndrome were investigated and the data between end-to-side and side-to-side CDD were compared. Results Reflux cholangitis and stone recurrence was 1.6% (2/125) and 0% (0/125) of cases by CDD. There is no therapeutic-related pancreatitis in CDD. Sump syndrome was not also observed in side-to-side CDD. Conclusions This study is a first comparative study between end-to-side and side-to-side CDD. The surgical outcomes for CDD treatment of choledocholithiasis were acceptable. The incidence of reflux cholangitis, stone recurrence, pancreatitis and sump syndrome was very low.
Single-Breath-Hold Evaluation of Cardiac Function with Use of Time-Resolved Parallel Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Krumm Patrick , Keuler Jonas D. , Mangold Stefanie , Zitzelsberger Tanja , Ruff Christer A. , Klumpp Bernhard D. , Martirosian Petros , Nikolaou Konstantin , Burgstahler Christof , Kramer Ulrich 
Published: August 2017

Using cardiac magnetic resonance, we tested whether a single-breath-hold approach to cardiac functional evaluation was equivalent to the established multiple-breath-hold method.
We examined 39 healthy volunteers (mean age, 31.9 ± 11.4 yr; 22 men) by using 1.5 T with multiple breath-holds and our proposed single breath-hold. Left ventricular and right ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF and RVEF), LV and RV end-diastolic volumes (LVEDV and RVEDV), and LV myocardial mass (LVMM) were compared by using Bland-Altman plots; LVEF and RVEF were tested for equivalence by inclusion of 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Equivalence of the methods was assumed within the range of −5% to 5%.
In the multiple- versus the single-breath-hold method, LVEF was 0.62 ± 0.05 versus 0.62 ± 0.04, and RVEF was 0.59 ± 0.06 versus 0.59 ± 0.07. The mean difference in both methods was −0.2% (95% CI, −1 to 0.6) for LVEF and 0.3% (95% CI, −0.8 to 1.5) for RVEF. The mean differences between methods fit within the predetermined range of equivalence, including the 95% CI. The mean relative differences between the methods were 3.8% for LVEDV, 4.5% for RVEDV, and 1.6% for LVMM.
Results of our single-breath-hold method to evaluate LVEF and RVEF were equivalent to those of the multiple-breath-hold technique. In addition, LVEDV, RVEDV, and LVMM showed low bias between methods.
Comparison of 3 Predictive Clinical Risk Scores in 603 Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Aceña Álvaro , Martín-Mariscal Maria Luisa , Tarín Nieves , Cristóbal Carmen , Huelmos Ana , Pello Ana , Carda Rocío , Alonso Joaquín , Lorenzo Óscar , Mahíllo-Fernández Ignacio , Tuñón José 
Published: August 2017

No clinical risk score is universally accepted for coronary artery disease. In 603 patients (mean age, 61.2 ± 12.3 yr) with stable coronary artery disease, we investigated the predictive power of clinical risk scores derived from the Framingham, the Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID), and the Vienna and Ludwigshafen Coronary Artery Disease (VILCAD) studies. Secondary outcomes were the recurrence of an acute thrombotic event (coronary events, strokes, or transient ischemic attacks), or heart failure or death. The primary outcome was the combination of secondary outcomes.
During follow-up (duration, 2.08 ± 0.97 yr), 42 patients had an acute thrombotic event; 22, heart failure or death; and 60, the primary outcome.
The Framingham score predicted acute thrombotic events: hazard ratio (HR)=1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.08; P=0.03; net reclassification index (NRI, calculated to evaluate improvement in prediction gained by adding different risk scores to models constructed with variables excluded from the calculation of that score)=9.7% (95% CI, 9.6–9.8). The LIPID (HR=1.13; 95% CI, 1.04–1.22; P=0.005) and VILCAD scores (HR=1.99; 95% CI, 1.48–2.67; P <0.001) predicted heart failure or death with NRIs of 5.8% (95% CI, 5.7–5.9) and 18.6% (95% CI, 18.3–18.9), respectively. The primary outcome was predicted by the LIPID (HR=1.1; 95% CI, 1.03–1.17; P=0.005) and VILCAD scores (HR=1.39; 95% CI, 1.13–1.70; P=0.003). The NRIs (95% CIs) were 3.4% (3.3–3.5) and 19.4% (19.3–19.6), respectively.
We conclude that the accuracy of these risk scores varies in accordance with the outcome studied.
Rethinking Alternative Livelihood Projects for Women of the Pits: The Case of Atiwa
Authors: Boateng Alice 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Artisanal Small Scale Mining with its environmental, social, economic, and health impacts, is replacing agriculture as the main economic activity in sub-Saharan Africa. Mining activities have therefore become an economic activity in the rural mining areas, as a quick way to escape poverty. This exploratory qualitative study examines the factors behind the prevalence of women in the pit business, washing muddy sand for particles of gold, in the Atiwa district of Ghana. However, not much is known about the impact of the pit work on the women’s wellbeing. The goal is to understand the lived experiences of the women and explore ways they could be assisted. Findings from the study indicate that poverty, lack of economic opportunities, and unattractive rural poverty alleviation strategies have contributed to the plight of these women. The women could benefit from asset-based interventions that could redirect their work to projects that would enhance their livelihoods.
Forecasting Sports Popularity: Application of Time Series Analysis
Authors: Miller Ryan , Schwarz Harrison , Talke Ismael S. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Popularity trends of the NFL and NBA are fun and interesting for casual fans while also of critical importance for advertisers and businesses with an interest in the sports leagues. Sports leagues have clear and distinct seasons and these have a major impact on when each league is most popular. To measure the popularity of each league, we used search data from Google Trends that gives real-time and historical data on the relative popularity of search words. By using search volume to measure popularity, the times of year, a sport is popular relative to its season can be explained. It is also possible to forecast how sport leagues are trending relative to each other. We compared and discussed three different univariate models both theoretically and empirically: the trend plus seasonality regression, Holt- Winters Multiplicative (HWMM), and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models to determine the popularity trends. For each league, the six forecasting performance measures used in this study indicated HWMM gave the most accurate predictions.
Interactions between Physicians and Patients with Neurological Diseases in Albania
Authors: Naska Jonida 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aim of this one year study was to assess the interaction between physicians and patients with neurological chronic diseases in public Health Care Settings in Albania. We randomly selected 25 neurologists who are employed at UHC “Mother Teresa” using short semi-structured interviews during 2015-2016. Twelve Female (mean age 37) and thirteen male (mean age 41) were interviewed. The individuals interviewed have worked an average of 14 years as neurologist in Service of Neurology, UHC “Mother Teresa’. In this study, we used qualitative methodology to better evaluate the opinion of physicians about the main concerns related to communication with patients suffering from chronic diseases. In Albania the interaction between physicians and patients is underestimated and the lack of confidence of patients for efficient communication in public health care constitutes the main findings of the all studies conducted in Albania from 1995-2017. This study showed that the social and economic characteristics of the patient directly affect the communication. Traditional norms determine the central role of the doctor in treating the patient's illness in Albania. All patients report many obstacles and a bureaucratic system that makes it difficult to meet a specialist doctor at the Service of Neurology, University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa” in Albania.
Enhancing Tolerance of Broiler Chickens to Heat Stress by Supplementation with Vitamin E, Vitamin C and/or Probiotics
Authors: Attia Youssef A. , Al-Harthi Mohammed A. , El-Shafey Ali S. , Rehab Yassar A. , Kim Woo Kyun 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Heat stress is one of the major challenges which the poultry industry faces during summer in tropical and subtropical regions. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of Vitamin (Vit) E, C and/or probiotics on improving tolerance of broiler chickens to chronic heat stress (CHS). A total of 294, 1-day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were allocated into seven treatment groups; Thermoneutral group was raised under a thermoneutral condition during 25–42 d of age. The other six groups were raised for three successive days per week at 36±2ºC and 75–85% relative humidity for 7 h daily: heat stressed group, Vit E (100 mg/kg diet), Vit C (200 mg/kg diet), Vit C+Vit E, probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus at 2 g/kg diet) and Vit C+Vit E+probiotics. Exposure to CHS decreased body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and abdominal fat. It had adverse impact on feed conversion ratio (FCR), packed cell volume (PCV), monocyte, basophil, total protein, and phagocytic activity while increased plasma cholesterol and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared to the thermoneutral group. Vit E, Vit C or probiotics alone decreased the adverse effects of CHS on growth rate throughout the experimental period. Vit C and E were equally potent during the experimental period, but were less effective than the combination of both vitamins. Vit E increased the dressing percentage and abdominal fat as compared to the thermoneutral group, but decreased AST while increasing basophil, monocyte and globulin compared to the heat stressed group. In addition, serum albumin and AST of Vit E were lower compared to Vit C, but cholesterol was higher. Vit E increased red blood cells and white blood cells, but plasma cholesterol was increased compared with the heat stressed group. Vit C increased PCV, lymphocytes, monocyte, basophil and albumin and decreased neutrophil. Both vitamins without/with probiotic induced a further increase in basophil, serum total protein, and albumin. It could be concluded that supplementation of Vit E, Vit C, probiotics, and different combinations reduced some of the adverse effects of CHS, and Vit E+Vit C+probiotics was the most effective for economic traits followed by Vit E+Vit C or probiotics.
The species of the genus Crataegus L. in the National Nature Park ‘Podilskyi Tovtry’ (Podolian Hills, Western Ukraine)
Authors: Sołtys-Lelek Anna , Oliіar Halyna 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The paper presents an inventory of hawthorns occurring in the National Nature Park ‘Podilskyi Tovtry’. 8 taxa were recorded based on the field studies during the years 2009-2013, as well as on the published data. Four of them are new for the flora of the Park’s area: C. × macrocarpa Hegetschw., C. × subsphaericea Gand., C. × media Bechst., and the triple hybrid C. monogyna Jacq. × C. laevigata (Pior.) DC. × C. rhipidophylla Gand.
Effect of lead and cadmium ions upon the pupariation and morphological changes in Calliphora vicina (Diptera, Calliphoridae)
Authors: Shulman Marija V. , Pakhomov Olexandr Y. , Brygadyrenko Viktor V. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractModelling the influence of different concentrations of lead and cadmium ions upon a laboratory culture of insects has not been adequately studied. In our research, we assessed the influence of cadmium and lead nitrates at different concentrations (10-2-10-9М) upon the development of larvae, pupae and imagines of Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae). We found an acceleration in the development of larvae and an increase in mass of puparia when lead ions were added to the food of the larvae, and decrease in the mass of puparia when cadmium ions were added. We registered nanism and malformation of the fly imagines in experiments with lead and cadmium in the food substrate. We observed that under the influence of the studied heavy metal ions there was a reduced motor activity of the fly larvae at all stages of development, a delay in formation of puparia and a delay in the emergence of imagines in comparison with the control group.
The least unramified prime which does not split completely
Authors: Zaman Asif 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Let

K
/
F

{K/F}

be a finite extension of number fields of degree

n
≥
2

{n\geq 2}

.
We establish effective field-uniform unconditional upper bounds for the least norm of a prime ideal

𝔭

{\mathfrak{p}}

of F which is degree 1 over

ℚ

{\mathbb{Q}}

and does not ramify or split completely in K.
We improve upon the previous best known general estimates due to Li [7] when

F
=
ℚ

{F=\mathbb{Q}}

, and Murty and Patankar [9] when

K
/
F

{K/F}

is Galois.
Our bounds are the first when

K
/
F

{K/F}

is not assumed to be Galois and

F
≠
ℚ

{F\neq\mathbb{Q}}

.
Vojta’s conjecture on rational surfaces and the abc conjecture
Authors: Yasufuku Yu 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We prove Vojta’s conjecture for some rational surfaces.
Moreover, for similar but different rational surfaces, we show that their Vojta’s conjecture is related to the abc conjecture.
More specifically, we prove that Vojta’s conjecture on these surfaces implies a special case of the abc conjecture, while the abc conjecture implies Vojta’s conjecture on these surfaces.
The argument carries over to the holomorphic case, so we unconditionally obtain Griffiths’ conjecture for the same situation. To prove these results, we prove and use some properties of Farey sequences.
Power and resistance in early childhood education: From dominant discourse to democratic experimentalism
Authors: Moss Peter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe field of early childhood education is increasingly dominated by a strongly positivistic and regulatory discourse, the story of quality and high returns, which has spread from its local origins in the favourable environment provided by a global regime of neoliberalism. But though dominant, this is not the only discourse in early childhood education, there are alternatives that are varied, vibrant and vocal; not silenced but readily heard by those who listen and forming a resistance movement. The article argues that this movement needs to confront a number of questions. Do its members want to influence and shape policy and practice? If so, what might a transformed and commensurate policy and practice look like? What are the possibilities that such transformation might be achieved, especially given the apparent unassailability of the current dominant discourse, and the force of the power relations that have enabled this discourse, local in origin and parochial in outlook, to aspire to global hegemony? And if such transformation were to occur, is it possible to avoid simply replacing one dominant discourse with another? Some partial and provisional answers are offered to these questions.
Topography of power relations in Slovak preschool sector based on Bourdieu’s field theory
Authors: Kaščák Ondrej , Pupala Branislav 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe article analyses the Slovak preschool education sector using Bourdieu’s field theory. It describes stable and volatile points in the evolution of preschool education in terms of the power games occurring within the specific social field of power relations shaped during these games. It explores the groups of powerful players that represent the political, civic-professional and academic sub-fields exerting an influence over the preschool field who in different ways and at various times control the preschool field and structure within it the hierarchy of power relations in preschool education governance. The analysis is empirically illustrated; the power relations played out and were renewed when the national preschool curriculum was undergoing fundamental change. It describes the strategies, processes and consequences of changes in the power relations between the sub-fields and the associated behaviour of the actors. The analysis shows how the power conflicts ultimately led to the homologous relations between the sub-fields transforming into democratically- -structured power relations in preschool education governance.
An Empirical Study on the Influencing Factors of Knowledge Sharing in Project Context
Authors: Wei Daojiang , Li Huimin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe article makes a comparative research on the effect of leader supporting, interpersonal relationship, knowledge sharing mechanisms and organizational incentive on the formal and informal knowledge sharing in the project context. Through the establishment of structural equation model, some conclusions have been reached as follows: Firstly, leader supporting positively influences both formal and informal knowledge sharing, whereas the interpersonal relationship partly mediates between leader supporting and informal knowledge sharing; Moreover, the interpersonal relationship has a significant effect on both formal and informal knowledge sharing; Sharing mechanisms can significantly promote formal knowledge sharing, but there is no direct impact on informal side. Instead, the interpersonal relationship plays a fully mediating role between sharing mechanism and informal sharing; Finally, organizational incentive has a significant promotion on formal sharing, but negatively influences the informal sharing.
Qualification Evaluation of Computer Information System Integration Based on Weighted Products
Authors: Lai Kai , Cui Chunsheng 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Focus on the process of computer information system integration qualification review, the existing partial defects is analysis. With the index analysis and resolution, the 7 major categories of indicators separate into quantifiable index. Based on the compensability analysis between indexes, new evaluation method which different level should use weighted products or weighting plus is put forward. Finally, with actual data collection and calculation, a satisfied evaluation result is get. It is a new method for government, evaluation mechanism and integrated enterprise.
Nucleologenesis and Nucleolotransfer in Mammalian Oocytes: A Review
Authors: Benc Michal , Strejcek Frantisek , Murin Matej , Morovic Martin , Martinkova Stanislava , Jettmarova Dominika , Pendovski Lazo , Fulka Josef , Laurincik Jozef 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn effort to improve development potential of early embryos is one of the main goals of biotechnology in the area of reproductive biology with application in veterinary or human medicine. Recent observations of the function of nucleolus or rather its forms before, during and after the fertilisation or parthenogenetic activation show the key role(s) of nucleolus in the processes of early genome activation. The nucleolus is a subnuclear structure (organelle) mainly involved in regulation of transcription and translation. This organelle has been characterized in detail by immunofluorescence, cell transfection and proteomics. This data was, however, mostly obtained in nucleoli of differentiated eukaryotic cells. Much less is known about the nucleolar structural changes and related functional processes in growing and fully grown mammalian oocytes, zygotes and early cleavage stage embryos, especially in the context of embryonic genome activation. It has been shown, that nucleoli in mammalian oocytes and early embryos have several forms and functions, which vary during the oocyte growth and embryonic development. Certain functions have not been fully described or explained, yet. The method of enucleolation, which allows to remove nucleoli from the oocytes or to exchange nucleoli between oocytes or zygotes, together with their proteomic and structural analyses brought new information about functions of nucleoli in oocytes and early cleavage-stage embryos and allowed to explain some new key roles of nucleoli during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development.