bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new nomenclature for classifying psychotropic drugs
Authors: Caraci Filippo , Enna Sam J. , Zohar Joseph , Racagni Giorgio , Zalsman Gil , van den Brink Wim , Kasper Siegfried , Koob George F. , Pariante Carmine M. , Piazza Pier Vincenzo , Yamada Kiyofumi , Spedding Michael , Drago Filippo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Neuroscience‐based Nomenclature (NbN) for psychotropic drugs was developed as an alternative to the current Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) indication‐based classification in order to provide more precise designations for this drug class. The ATC nomenclature for psychotherapeutics is limited in that it fails to specify either pharmacological domains or mechanism of action and also does not describe all the potential uses of a particular agent. The disconnect between the drug classification and its clinical use is not very useful for scientific purposes and is confusing for patients and caregivers, often leading to a misunderstanding of the intended effects of the prescribed medication and, most importantly, to low treatment adherence.The NbN classifies psychopharmacological agents on the basis of contemporary scientific information on their pharmacology and mechanisms of action so as to provide physicians clear alternatives when selecting or altering therapeutic regimens. The classification of each psychotropic drug includes four additional dimensions: approved indications; efficacy and side effects; practical note; neurobiology. By emphasizing the pharmacology and the molecular mechanism of action, NbN provides a vehicle for clinicians and basic scientists to improve the understanding and clinical use of this important drug class.
Cross‐lagged relations between teacher and parent ratings of children's task avoidance and different literacy skills
Authors: Georgiou George K. , Hirvonen Riikka , Manolitsis George , Nurmi Jari‐Erik 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundTask avoidance is a significant predictor of literacy skills. However, it remains unclear whether the relation between the two is reciprocal and whether it is affected by the type of literacy outcome, who is rating children's task avoidance, and the children's gender.AimThe purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the cross‐lagged relations between teacher and parent ratings of children's task avoidance and different literacy skills.SampleOne hundred and seventy‐two Greek children (91 girls, 81 boys) were followed from Grade 1 to Grade 3.MethodsChildren were assessed on reading accuracy, reading fluency, and spelling to dictation. Parents and teachers rated the children's task‐avoidant behaviour.ResultsResults of structural equation modelling showed that the cross‐lagged relations varied as a function of the literacy outcome, who rated the children's task avoidance, and children's gender. Earlier reading and spelling performance predicted subsequent parent‐rated task avoidance, but parent‐rated task avoidance did not predict subsequent reading and spelling performance (with the exception of spelling in Grade 3). Teacher‐rated task avoidance and reading fluency/spelling had a reciprocal relationship over time. In addition, the effects of teacher‐rated task avoidance on future spelling were significantly stronger in boys than in girls.ConclusionsThis suggests that poor reading and spelling performance can lead to subsequent task avoidance in both classroom and home situations. The fact that task avoidance permeates across different learning environments is alarming and calls for joint action from both parents and teachers to mitigate its negative impact on learning.
Prevalence and risk factors for red blood cell alloimmunization in 175 children with sickle cell disease in a French university hospital reference centre
Authors: Allali Slimane , Peyrard Thierry , Amiranoff Denise , Cohen Jérémie F. , Chalumeau Martin , Brousse Valentine , de Montalembert Mariane 
Published: April 2017

SummaryPatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) show a high prevalence of red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization, but few studies have focused on children. We aimed to study the prevalence and risk factors of RBC alloimmunization in SCD children. We retrospectively analysed the medical and transfusion files for 245 SCD children hospitalized in our centre in 2014 and included 175 patients who had received at least one RBC unit in their lifetime. The main clinical and immuno‐haematological characteristics of alloimmunized and non‐alloimmunized patients were compared. The prevalence of alloimmunization was 13·7% [95% confidence interval (CI) (8·6–18·6)], and 7·4% [95% CI (3·5–11·3)] after excluding the probable irregular natural antibodies (anti‐M, anti‐Lea, anti‐Leb, anti‐Lex). Main risk factors for alloimmunization were increased number of RBC units received (median of 65 vs. 10 units per patient; P = 0·01) and the presence of one or more red cell autoantibodies (46·2% vs. 4·7%; P < 0·0001). The alloimmunization rate was higher for episodically transfused than chronically transfused patients (1·43 vs. 0·24/100 units received; P < 0·001). The presence of red cell autoantibodies appears to be a major risk factor for alloimmunization in SCD children and could justify specific transfusion guidelines.
Axonal loss in the multiple sclerosis spinal cord revisited
Authors: Petrova Natalia , Carassiti Daniele , Altmann Daniel R. , Baker David , Schmierer Klaus 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPreventing chronic disease deterioration is an unmet need in people with multiple sclerosis, where axonal loss is considered a key substrate of disability. Clinically, chronic multiple sclerosis often presents as progressive myelopathy. Spinal cord cross‐sectional area (CSA) assessed using MRI predicts increasing disability and has, by inference, been proposed as an indirect index of axonal degeneration. However, the association between CSA and axonal loss, and their correlation with demyelination, have never been systematically investigated using human post mortem tissue. We extensively sampled spinal cords of seven women and six men with multiple sclerosis (mean disease duration= 29 years) and five healthy controls to quantify axonal density and its association with demyelination and CSA. 396 tissue blocks were embedded in paraffin and immuno‐stained for myelin basic protein and phosphorylated neurofilaments. Measurements included total CSA, areas of (i) lateral cortico‐spinal tracts, (ii) gray matter, (iii) white matter, (iv) demyelination, and the number of axons within the lateral cortico‐spinal tracts. Linear mixed models were used to analyze relationships. In multiple sclerosis CSA reduction at cervical, thoracic and lumbar levels ranged between 19 and 24% with white (19–24%) and gray (17–21%) matter atrophy contributing equally across levels. Axonal density in multiple sclerosis was lower by 57–62% across all levels and affected all fibers regardless of diameter. Demyelination affected 24–48% of the gray matter, most extensively at the thoracic level, and 11–13% of the white matter, with no significant differences across levels. Disease duration was associated with reduced axonal density, however not with any area index. Significant association was detected between focal demyelination and decreased axonal density. In conclusion, over nearly 30 years multiple sclerosis reduces axonal density by 60% throughout the spinal cord. Spinal cord cross sectional area, reduced by about 20%, appears to be a poor predictor of axonal density.
Gender gap, capital accumulation and the demographic transition
Authors: Guo Kaiming , Yu Jingwen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper focuses on explaining the demographic transition and some of the broad patterns that are associated with it. We present an endogenous growth model that incorporates altruism and son preference within the family as well as gender wage gap and gender wage discrimination in the labour market. We show that with the accumulation of physical capital and human capital, the output share of mental labour increases and the gender wage gap narrows. In the early stages of economic development, gender discrimination is becoming prevalent and the substitution effect of capital accumulation, which raises the cost of child rearing, is dominated by the income effect, so the growth rate of population increases with income. When the degree of gender wage discrimination starts to decline, the increased cost of child rearing induces families to invest more in the human capital of children and the growth rate of the population falls. The quantitative analysis shows that gender wage discrimination is indeed an important contributor to the demographic transition.
The effect of background plant odours on the behavioural responses of Frankliniella occidentalis to attractive or repellent compounds in a Y‐tube olfactometer
Authors: Koschier Elisabeth H. , Nielsen Mette‐Cecilie , Spangl Bernhard , Davidson Melanie M. , Teulon David A.J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), causes major losses in agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide. The volatile compounds methyl isonicotinate, p‐anisaldehyde, eugenol, and linalool are known as olfactory attractants, and salicylaldehyde is known as a repellent for F. occidentalis under clean‐air conditions in laboratory experiments. In the present study we assessed the responses of F. occidentalis to these compounds when presented alone, in combination, and in the presence of background odours emanating from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., Cucurbitaceae), capsicum (Capiscum anuum L., Solanaceae), chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., Asteraceae), clove basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L., both Lamiaceae) plants in a Y‐tube olfactometer. In the presence of any background plant odour, the attractiveness of pure methyl isonicotinate to F. occidentalis proved to be consistently significant. Compared to clean‐air conditions, a slightly lower percentage of thrips chose the Y‐tube arm loaded with 10% p‐anisaldehyde in the presence of cucumber leaf odour. With non‐flowering clove basil plants in the background, F. occidentalis responses to 1% eugenol, a constituent of clove basil essential oil, were neutral, and the same applied to responses to pure linalool, a constituent of lavender essential oil, in the presence of flowering lavender plants. Also, thrips responses to pure or diluted salicylaldehyde were clearly influenced by plant background odours. We simulated a push‐pull situation and found a trend indicating that the percentage of F. occidentalis choosing the airflow loaded with the attractant methyl isonicotinate was higher when the airflow in the other arm of the Y‐tube was loaded with the repellent salicylaldehyde compared to clean air, and vice versa. We showed interactions between attractive or repellent volatile compounds and the environmental odours in the chemical ecology of F. occidentalis and the potential of a combined use of these compounds in thrips pest management.
The impact of ‘stop‐go’ demand management policy on Britain's consumer durables industries, 1952–65
Authors: Scott Peter M. , Walker James T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article examines the impacts of British government ‘stop‐go’ policy on domestic sales of consumer durables over the period 1952–65, via hire purchase restrictions and punitive Purchase Tax rates. Our analysis includes a general review of contemporary evidence regarding the impacts of these measures, a more detailed study of the television sector, and time‐series econometric analysis for both televisions and a representative high‐ticket labour‐saving consumer durable: washing machines. We find that the restrictions had devastating impacts on Britain's consumer durables industries, preventing firms from fully exploiting economies of scale, reducing output growth and international competitiveness, and eroding industrial relations. Government officials were aware of these problems, but considered them a price worth paying to facilitate moves towards sterling convertibility and the re‐establishment of the City as a leading financial and trading centre.
Metabolic syndrome in antipsychotic naive African patients with severe mental illness in usual care
Authors: Saloojee Shamima , Burns Jonathan K. , Motala Ayesha A. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundTo determine the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome in individuals with a first episode of severe mental illness from South Africa.MethodsAntipsychotic naïve study subjects with a first episode of severe mental illness and control subjects were recruited at baseline for a prospective study. Individuals without metabolic syndrome at baseline were followed up for 12 months after antipsychotic medication was initiated. Metabolic syndrome was determined at baseline and at the 12‐month follow‐up using the Joint Interim Statement criteria.ResultsAt baseline, the 67 study (M:F; 48:19) and 67 control subjects (M:F; 48:19) had a mean age of 22.8 (±3.7) and 23.3 (±2.6) years (P = .4), respectively. The majority were of black African ethnicity (97%) and 82% were diagnosed with schizophrenia. There was no difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (4.5%) or any of the individual components between the study and control group prior to the initiation of antipsychotics. Of the 64 study subjects without metabolic syndrome at baseline, only 36 (M:F; 25:11) completed the 12‐month follow‐up (response rate 56.3%) and 2 subjects developed metabolic syndrome .The incidence of metabolic syndrome was 5.5% with a significant increase in the elevated waist circumference criterion after 1 year of antipsychotic treatment (P = .02).ConclusionsThere was a low prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome in this group of patients with a first episode of severe mental illness.
Dynamics of BKPyV reactivation and risk of hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Höller Konstantin , Fabeni Lavinia , Herling Marco , Holtick Udo , Scheid Christof , Knops Elena , Lübke Nadine , Kaiser Rolf , Pfister Herbert , Di Cristanziano Veronica 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesAim of this retrospective study was to analyze the dynamics of BKPyV reactivation in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients in order to identify patients with higher risk to develop BKPyV‐associated hemorrhagic cystitis (BKPyV‐associated HC).MethodsThe study included 58 allo‐HSCT recipients from the University Hospital of Cologne detected BKPyV positive by real‐time PCR between 2009 and 2015. For correlative analysis, the first detected BKPyV‐DNA load in urine and in plasma as well as the onset and severity of HC following the first day of conditioning regimen was considered. Phylogenetic analysis of BKPyV isolates was performed.ResultsIn 25 of 58 patients, BKPyV‐DNA was detected in urine only (group U), whereas 33 patients developed additional viremia (group P). A chronologic sequence viruria‐viremia‐HC was identified. Viral load of >106 copies/mL at first viruria and evidence of viremia after 45 days from the start of conditioning represented risk factors for the onset of HC. Molecular characterization revealed a non‐stereotypic distribution of viral subtypes across groups U and P.ConclusionsMonitoring of BKPyV‐DNA by real‐time PCR after initiation of conditioning, regularly performed in clinical practice, can be a crucial tool for the early identification of patients with higher risk of BKPyV‐associated HC.
Early discontinuation of antiseizure medications in neonates with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Fitzgerald Mark P. , Kessler Sudha Kilaru , Abend Nicholas S. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryObjectiveNeonates with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) managed with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) often experience acute symptomatic seizures, prompting treatment with antiseizure medications (ASMs). Because the risk of seizure occurrence after hospital discharge is unknown, the optimal ASM treatment duration is unclear. We aimed to determine the risk of seizure occurrence after hospital discharge and the impact of ASM treatment duration on this outcome.MethodsWe performed a single‐center, retrospective study of consecutive neonates with HIE managed with TH who received ASMs for acute symptomatic seizures from June 2010 through December 2014. Neonates were monitored with continuous electroencephalography (EEG) during TH.ResultsFollow‐up data were available for 59 (82%) of 72 neonates who survived to discharge, with a median follow‐up period of 19 months (interquartile range [IQR] 11–25). Acute symptomatic seizures occurred in 35 neonates (59%), including electrographic seizures in 21 neonates (36%). ASMs were continued upon discharge in 17 (49%) of 35 neonates. Seizures occurred in follow‐up in four neonates (11%). No patient for whom ASMs were discontinued prior to discharge experienced seizures during the follow‐up period.SignificanceAmong neonates with HIE, seizures after hospital discharge were rare in those with acute symptomatic seizures and did not occur in neonates without acute symptomatic seizures. ASM discontinuation prior to discharge did not increase the risk of seizures during the follow‐up period, suggesting that ASMs may be discontinued in many neonates prior to discharge.
Efficacy of rhythmic exercise and walking exercise in older adults' exercise participation rates and physical function outcomes
Authors: Park Yang Sun , Koh Kyung , Yang Ji Seung , Shim Jae Kun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of two different exercise types, rhythmic exercise designed from local music and dance (RE) and walking exercise (WE), in terms of exercise participation and physical function changes in older adults over a period of 12 weeks.MethodsExercise participation was assessed through the attendance rate and retention rate, and physical function was evaluated through the Short Physical Performance Battery, static balance test and gait test.ResultsThe RE group showed significantly higher attendance and retention rates; greater improvement in Short Physical Performance Battery scores; and greater improvement in static balance, as compared with the WE. No differences were found between the RE and WE groups in gait parameters.ConclusionsThe results suggest that RE was more effective than WE in retaining exercise participation and improving physical function in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2311–2318.
Efectos potenciales de la dualidad del mercado laboral en los países de una unión monetaria
Authors: KOSIOR Anna , RUBASZEK Michał , WIERUS Kamil 
Published: April 2017

ResumenSe investiga si la incidencia del empleo temporal en países de la Unión Económica y Monetaria europea explica las divergencias en las dinámicas del desempleo. Con datos de 11 países de la zona del euro para 1995–2013 y regresiones de panel, los autores encuentran un efecto robusto y significativo de la dualidad laboral –coexistencia de contratos temporales y permanentes– en el desempleo: la primera intensifica la reacción del segundo a las fluctuaciones del producto, aunque disminuye su duración, lo cual genera más problemas de divergencia en una unión monetaria. Una armonización coordinada mediante la introducción del ≪contrato único≫ aumentaría la estabilidad tanto nacional como de la eurozona.
Productividad en las empresas manufactureras alemanas. ¿Influye el empleo temporal?
Authors: NIELEN Sebastian , SCHIERSCH Alexander 
Published: April 2017

ResumenCon un amplio conjunto de datos de empresas manufactureras alemanas y diversos modelos de datos de panel, los autores investigan la relación entre productividad del trabajo e intensidad de la contratación temporal, teniendo en cuenta las posibles distorsiones que pueden resultar de la autoselección en el uso de estos contratos. Sus resultados empíricos no ofrecen evidencia de una relación en forma de U invertida o negativa. Concluyen pues que no existe relación significativa entre ambas variables, por lo que las políticas de flexibilización para promover la competitividad de las empresas no se justifican.
Protección de los trabajadores y trabajo informal. Análisis comparado de países europeos, 2004–2012
Authors: FLÓREZ Luz Adriana , PERALES Francisco 
Published: April 2017

ResumenEl trabajo informal merma la productividad y los ingresos fiscales estatales y frena el crecimiento económico. Con datos de la Encuesta Social Europea de 2004–2012 sobre 20 países y mediante estimaciones de pseudo panel, los autores encuentran que la protección del empleo, las prestaciones de desempleo y el gasto social contribuyen a reducir el trabajo informal asalariado. Dado que la mayoría de las reformas socioeconómicas en Europa, sobre todo desde 2008, han recortado estas medidas de protección de los trabajadores, podrían haber incrementado la incidencia del trabajo informal. Los autores muestran también la superioridad metodológica de las estimaciones de pseudo panel respecto de otros métodos utilizados hasta el momento.
La seguridad del empleo juvenil y las instituciones laborales: una perspectiva dinámica
Authors: BERLOFFA Gabriella , MATTEAZZI Eleonora , ŞANDOR Alina , VILLA Paola 
Published: April 2017

ResumenEl interés político en la seguridad del empleo ya no se centra en la estabilidad laboral, sino en la empleabilidad, lo cual exige cambios en el modo de evaluar el desempeño de los jóvenes en el mercado de trabajo. Con datos sobre la evolución mensual de la situación laboral y sobre la duración real del empleo, se investigan ambos parámetros en jóvenes europeos unos cinco años después de finalizar sus estudios. El 40 por ciento sufre inestabilidad laboral pero su nivel de empleabilidad les permite encontrar rápidamente un empleo en caso de perderlo. Las autoras defienden políticas que refuercen la empleabilidad, una protección del empleo temporal más estricta y más gasto en políticas de activación (PAMT).
Body composition and micronutrient deficiencies in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Horadagoda Charith , Dinihan Timothy , Roberts Mary , Kairaitis Kristina 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multisystem disorder. Abnormal body composition (BC) and micronutrient deficiencies (MD) contribute significantly to morbidity associated with acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). COPD is a major health problem in Western Sydney.AimsTo study the pattern of BC and MD in patients admitted with an AECOPD to Western Sydney.MethodsThe BC and serum levels of selected micronutrients were recorded in prospective, consecutive patients admitted to hospital with AECOPD in Western Sydney.ResultsA total of 94 patients was enrolled, 43% female, and the average age was 69.8 ± 8.2 years (SD). Admission spirometry revealed a mean spirometric ratio of 0.42 ± 0.14 (SD) and a severely reduced mean percentage FEV1 of predicted at 29.1% ± 11.6 (SD). A total of 51% of the population was overweight or obese, with an average body mass index of 25.9 ± 7.7 kg/m2 (SD). When fat‐free mass (FFM) was also considered 23% were cachectic, 9% had muscle atrophy and 6% were semi‐starved. Vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) was present in 53% and vitamin B12 deficiency (<222 pmol/L) was present in 31%. Anaemia was present in 30%, with 38% of these being iron deficient. Living status (alone or with family) was not associated with BC or micronutrient deficiencies (MD). Patients with ≥2 hospital admissions for AECOPD had a significantly lower mean B12 level (280.5 ± 143.0 pmol/L (SD) vs 360.5 ± 198.1 pmol/L (SD) P = 0.042). The malnutrition screening tool, a questionnaire‐based assessment of malnutrition used by the local health area did not accurately predict patients with abnormal BC or those with >2 MD.ConclusionsIn patients admitted with AECOPD, the majority of subjects were overweight or obese, with a low FFM. MD, in particular B12 and vitamin D, were common. Interventional studies addressing BC and MD are required to assess potential improvements in AECOPD‐related morbidity and mortality.