bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium modelling to reduce intradialytic hypotension during haemodialysis for acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit
Authors: Lynch Katherine E. , Ghassemi Fatimah , Flythe Jennifer E. , Feng Mengling , Ghassemi Marzyeh , Celi Leo Anthony , Brunelli Steven M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimIntradialytic hypotension often complicates haemodialysis for patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and may impact renal recovery. Sodium modelling is sometimes used as prophylaxis against intradialytic hypotension in the chronic haemodialysis population, but there is little evidence for its use among critically ill patients with AKI.MethodsA retrospective cohort with AKI requiring intermittent haemodialysis in the intensive care unit from 2001 to 2008 was used to study the association of prophylactic sodium modelling and multiple outcomes. Outcomes included a composite of in‐hospital death or dialysis dependence at hospital discharge, as well as intradialytic hypotension, ultrafiltration goal achievement and net ultrafiltration volume. Associations were estimated using logistic regression, mixed linear models and generalized estimating equations adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐one individuals who underwent 892 sessions were identified; sodium modelling was prescribed in 27.1% of the sessions. In adjusted analyses, sodium modelling was not significantly associated with intradialytic hypotension (P = 0.67) or with the ultrafiltration goal achievement (P = 0.06). Sodium modelling during the first dialysis session was numerically associated with lower risk for the composite of in‐hospital death or dialysis dependence: adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.39 (0.15–1.02; P = 0.06); however, this association did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionWe did not observe statistically significant associations between sodium modelling and improved outcomes among AKI patients receiving intermittent dialysis in the intensive care unit. However, suggestive findings warrant further study.
Minimum mycophenolic acid levels are associated with donor‐specific antibody formation
Authors: Filler Guido , Todorova Ekaterina Kirilova , Bax Kevin , Alvarez‐Elías Ana Catalina , Huang Shih‐Han Susan , Kobrzynski Marta Caroline 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAlthough de novo DSA are associated with inferior graft survival, there are no effective strategies to prevent their formation. Underexposure to MPA (prodrug: MMF) also contributes to rejection rates early after transplantation, but the effect of this phenomenon on the formation of DSA long‐term post‐transplantation is unknown. Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation). All available data from 32 renal transplant recipients (age at transplantation 7.5 [4.5] yr) on tacrolimus and MPA immunosuppression with an average follow‐up of 9.4 (s.d. 4.6) yr were analyzed. DSA were measured using the Luminex assay (>500 MFI was considered DSA‐positive). Tacrolimus and MPA levels were measured with the Abbot Tacro II and EMIT assay, respectively. Among 1964 MPA and 3462 tacrolimus trough levels, the average MPA trough level was 3.2 (1.5) mg/L and the average tacrolimus level was 6.7 (2.8) ng/mL. At last follow‐up, only 5/32 patients had undetectable DSA, with 5/32 having no class I antibodies and 6/32 having no class II antibodies. DSA formation was associated with a lower minimum MPA trough level (0.27 [0.23] vs. 0.47 [0.18] mg) and cystatin C eGFR (48 [21] vs. 70 [23] mL/min/1.73 m2) for class I DSA formers. The average eGFR of patients without class I DSA was 70 (23) mL/min/1.73 m2, whereas the average eGFR of patients with class I DSA was 48 (21) mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.0071). MPA trough levels <1.3 mg/L long‐term post‐transplantation are associated with the formation of DSA. The association between the formation of DSA and minimum MPA exposure may support a strategy for preventing the formation of DSA.
Psychological distance modulates the performance of the embodiment effect: Evidence from behavioral and ERP studies
Authors: Wang Hanlin , Mo Lei , Luo Qiuling , Xiang Yanhui , Hu Yunyang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractResearch on embodied cognition suggests the ubiquity of embodiment effects during interaction with the environment. However, construal level theory (CLT) holds that these effects could be moderated by the psychological distance between self and objects and are attenuated by higher‐level mental construal. The current research explored the “action‐evaluation” embodiment effect in the evaluation of words located at different spatial distances. Results showed that for “short‐distance” words, the response model conflicted with this embodiment effect slower reaction time and induced a larger P2 component than the opposite response model. However, evaluation of “long‐distance” words was not significantly influenced by the response model. The results are consistent with CLT and suggest that the action‐evaluation embodiment effect influences the coding and execution of evaluating actions, but only for stimuli at close psychological distance locations.
Interaction of threat and verbal working memory in adolescents
Authors: Patel Nilam , Vytal Katherine , Pavletic Nevia , Stoodley Catherine , Pine Daniel S. , Grillon Christian , Ernst Monique 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThreat induces a state of sustained anxiety that can disrupt cognitive processing, and, reciprocally, cognitive processing can modulate an anxiety response to threat. These effects depend on the level of cognitive engagement, which itself varies as a function of task difficulty. In adults, we recently showed that induced anxiety impaired working memory accuracy at low and medium but not high load. Conversely, increasing the task load reduced the physiological correlates of anxiety (anxiety‐potentiated startle). The present work examines such threat‐cognition interactions as a function of age. We expected threat to more strongly impact working memory in younger individuals by virtue of putatively restricted cognitive resources and weaker emotion regulation. This was tested by examining the influence of age on the interaction of anxiety and working memory in 25 adolescents (10 to 17 years) and 25 adults (22 to 46 years). Working memory load was manipulated using a verbal n‐back task. Anxiety was induced using the threat of an aversive loud scream and measured via eyeblink startle. Findings revealed that, in both age groups, accuracy was lower during threat than safe conditions at low and medium but not high load, and reaction times were faster during threat than safe conditions at high load but did not differ at other loads. Additionally, anxiety‐potentiated startle was greater during low and medium than high load. Thus, the interactions of anxiety with working memory appear similar in adolescents and adults. Whether these similarities reflect common neural mechanisms would need to be assessed using functional neuroimaging.
Development of two major resources for pea genomics: the GenoPea 13.2K SNP Array and a high‐density, high‐resolution consensus genetic map
Authors: Tayeh Nadim , Aluome Christelle , Falque Matthieu , Jacquin Françoise , Klein Anthony , Chauveau Aurélie , Bérard Aurélie , Houtin Hervé , Rond Céline , Kreplak Jonathan , Boucherot Karen , Martin Chantal , Baranger Alain , Pilet‐Nayel Marie‐Laure , Warkentin Thomas D. , Brunel Dominique , Marget Pascal , Le Paslier Marie‐Christine , Aubert Grégoire , Burstin Judith 
Published: November 2015

SummarySingle nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays represent important genotyping tools for innovative strategies in both basic research and applied breeding. Pea is an important food, feed and sustainable crop with a large (about 4.45 Gbp) but not yet available genome sequence. In the present study, 12 pea recombinant inbred line populations were genotyped using the newly developed GenoPea 13.2K SNP Array. Individual and consensus genetic maps were built providing insights into the structure and organization of the pea genome. Largely collinear genetic maps of 3918–8503 SNPs were obtained from all mapping populations, and only two of these exhibited putative chromosomal rearrangement signatures. Similar distortion patterns in different populations were noted. A total of 12 802 transcript‐derived SNP markers placed on a 15 079‐marker high‐density, high‐resolution consensus map allowed the identification of ohnologue‐rich regions within the pea genome and the localization of local duplicates. Dense syntenic networks with sequenced legume genomes were further established, paving the way for the identification of the molecular bases of important agronomic traits segregating in the mapping populations. The information gained on the structure and organization of the genome from this research will undoubtedly contribute to the understanding of the evolution of the pea genome and to its assembly. The GenoPea 13.2K SNP Array and individual and consensus genetic maps are valuable genomic tools for plant scientists to strengthen pea as a model for genetics and physiology and enhance breeding.
Flux balance analysis of primary metabolism in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Kim Joomi , Fabris Michele , Baart Gino , Kim Min K. , Goossens Alain , Vyverman Wim , Falkowski Paul G. , Lun Desmond S. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryDiatoms (Bacillarophyceae) are photosynthetic unicellular microalgae that have risen to ecological prominence in oceans over the past 30 million years. They are of interest as potential feedstocks for sustainable biofuels. Maximizing production of these feedstocks will require genetic modifications and an understanding of algal metabolism. These processes may benefit from genome‐scale models, which predict intracellular fluxes and theoretical yields, as well as the viability of knockout and knock‐in transformants. Here we present a genome‐scale metabolic model of a fully sequenced and transformable diatom: Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The metabolic network was constructed using the P. tricornutum genome, biochemical literature, and online bioinformatic databases. Intracellular fluxes in P. tricornutum were calculated for autotrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth conditions, as well as knockout conditions that explore the in silico role of glycolytic enzymes in the mitochondrion. The flux distribution for lower glycolysis in the mitochondrion depended on which transporters for TCA cycle metabolites were included in the model. The growth rate predictions were validated against experimental data obtained using chemostats. Two published studies on this organism were used to validate model predictions for cyclic electron flow under autotrophic conditions, and fluxes through the phosphoketolase, glycine and serine synthesis pathways under mixotrophic conditions. Several gaps in annotation were also identified. The model also explored unusual features of diatom metabolism, such as the presence of lower glycolysis pathways in the mitochondrion, as well as differences between P. tricornutum and other photosynthetic organisms.
Glycomapping the fine specificity of monoclonal and polyclonal Lewis antibodies with type‐specific Lewis kodecytes and function‐spacer‐lipid constructs printed on paper
Authors: Williams Eleanor , Korchagina Elena , Frame Tom , Ryzhov Ivan , Bovin Nicolai , Henry Stephen 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDLewis serologic reagents frequently give inaccurate phenotyping results. Furthermore these serologic reagents are often used in nonserologic assays such as inhibition and immunohistochemistry. In both scenarios knowledge of the fine specificity and cross‐reactivity of these reagents will improve the quality of results obtained.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA range of contemporary and historical workshop and developmental Lewis reagents including mouse monoclonal (MoAb) and human and goat polyclonal (PoAb) reagents were evaluated. All were evaluated both against Lewis kodecytes expressing only single Lea, Leb, ALeb, BLeb, Lex, Ley, ALey, or BLey antigens and against the same antigens inkjet printed on a paper‐based microplate and analyzed by enzyme immunoassay. Nine clinical samples were also evaluated. A kodecyte antigen dilution sensitivity assay was used to establish the ratio of Leb antigen between group A1/A2 and O RBCs.RESULTSA continuum of cross‐reactivity from Lex through to H was observed with MoAbs. All PoAb and few MoAb anti‐Lea samples and reagents cross‐reacted to some degree with Leb antigen. Some PoAb and MoAb anti‐Leb did not cross‐react with Lea. All polyclonal goat anti‐Leb reagents showed substantial activity against ALeb and BLeb, while no MoAb reagent had this activity. A1 RBCs had less than half the Leb antigen of A2/O RBCs.CONCLUSIONSSubstantial cross‐reactivity of both MoAbs and PoAbs with related antigens highlights the risks of using serologic reagents in nonserologic assays or against synthetic antigens. The lack of ALeb activity in anti‐Leb MoAbs explains their poor performance against blood group A1 Le(a–b+) phenotypes.
Ecophysiological factors contributing to the invasion ofPanicum maximuminto nativeMiscanthus sinensisgrassland in Taiwan
Authors: Ho C‐Y , Tsai M‐Y , Huang Y‐L , Kao W‐Y 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPanicum maximum(guinea grass), a native grass of Africa, has invaded and displaced the nativeMiscanthus sinensisgrassland at Dadu terrace in central Taiwan. The Dadu terrace has distinct wet and dry seasons and is prone to fire during the dry seasons. We compared photosynthesis and growth, as well as the growth response to two water treatments, betweenP. maximumandM. sinensisplants to understand ecophysiological factors contributing to the successful invasion of the grass. In comparison withM. sinensis,P. maximumhad a significantly higher photosynthetic rate, larger specific leaf area and a higher leaf area/total biomass ratio, and thus grew faster and higher, and accumulated more biomass under well‐watered conditions. The growth ofP. maximumwas more susceptible thanM. sinensisto drought stress. Faster growth of seedlings and more biomass accumulation of mature plants would giveP. maximuma highly competitive advantage overM. sinensisfor resource acquisition in the Dadu terrace during the wet season, which might contribute to the successful invasion ofP. maximuminto the grassland ofM. sinensis.
Rat‐to‐Chinese tree shrew heart transplantation is a novel small animal model to study non‐Gal‐mediated discordant xenograft humoral rejection
Authors: Chen WeiLi , Wu Yuan , Shimizu Akira , Lian YinLong , Tasaki Masayuki , Villani Vincenzo , Moran Shannon , Xia JunJie , Yamada Kazuhiko , Qi ZhongQuan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSince α‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase knockout (GalT‐KO) pigs became available, there has been an increasing interest in non‐Gal natural antibody (nAb)‐mediated xenograft rejection. To better understand mechanisms of non‐Gal nAb‐mediated rejection, a simple small animal model without gene manipulation would be extremely valuable. Here, we tested whether the Chinese tree shrew (CTS), which is a small‐sized mammal that is phylogenetically close to primates, could serve as a model for discordant xenograft rejection.MethodsStudy 1: Expression of α‐Gal antigens in hearts and kidneys of CTSs and rats was assessed by IB4 lectin binding. Presence of anti‐Gal and anti‐non‐Gal IgM and IgG nAb in CTS sera was tested by FACS using Gal+ and GalTKO PBMC as well as BSA‐ELISA. Study 2: Rat hearts were transplanted into CTS recipients (group 1, n = 7), and CTS hearts were transplanted in rats [n = 10; seven received no immunosuppression (group 2) and three received FK506 + leflunomide (group 3)].ResultsStudy 1: Both CTSs and rats had α‐Gal expression in hearts and kidneys. ELISA showed CTSs do not have anti‐Gal nAb, and flow cytometry indicated CTSs have anti‐non‐Gal IgM and IgG nAb in serum. Study 2: Rat hearts in CTSs were uniformly rejected within 35 mins, while CTS hearts in rats continued beating until day 5 without immunosuppression, and up to day 8 with immunosuppression.ConclusionRat‐to‐CTS heart transplantation is a discordant xenotransplant model, CTS‐to‐Rat heart transplantation is a concordant xenotransplant model. CTSs are valuable small animals to study mechanisms and strategies to avoid non‐Gal nAb‐mediated xenograft rejection.
East Asian allopatry and north Eurasian sympatry in Long‐tailed Tit lineages despite similar population dynamics during the late Pleistocene
Authors: Song Gang , Zhang Ruiying , DuBay Shane G. , Qu Yanhua , Dong Lu , Wang Wenjuan , Zhang Yanyun , Lambert David M. , Lei Fumin 
Published: November 2015

Eurasia is a large continent characterized by heterogeneous environments. Glacial cycles during the late Pleistocene have had variable impacts on the avifauna across Eurasia. Bird populations from South‐East Asia show stability through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), while populations from Europe exhibit evidence of post‐LGM expansion. We investigated the phylogeography of the Long‐tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus), which spans the longitudinal breadth of Eurasia to test how climatic history and regional topographical complexity affected populations and diversification within the species complex. Our results show that two lineages from central and southern China (lineages C and D) segregate geographically, while lineages across northern Eurasia (lineage A and B) show substantial sympatry. Bayesian estimates for the timing of diversification suggest that the four lineages diverged during the middle Pleistocene, splitting in parallel and undergoing concurrent demographic histories since divergence. A. caudatus lineages experienced similar and synchronous population size dynamics during glacial cycles before the LGM. We conclude that the difference in geo‐topologic complexity may be an important factor that led to the variation in secondary admixture between northern Eurasian and eastern Asian lineages.
Dibenzylideneacetones Are Potent Trypanocidal Compounds That Affect the Trypanosoma cruzi Redox System
Authors: Lazarin-Bidóia Danielle , Desoti Vânia Cristina , Martins Solange Cardoso , Ribeiro Fabianne Martins , Ud Din Zia , Rodrigues-Filho Edson , Ueda-Nakamura Tânia , Nakamura Celso Vataru , de Oliveira Silva Sueli 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Despite ongoing efforts, the available treatments for Chagas' disease are still unsatisfactory, especially in the chronic phase of the disease. Our previous study reported the strong trypanocidal activity of the dibenzylideneacetones A3K2A1 and A3K2A3 against
Trypanosoma cruzi
(Z. Ud Din, T. P. Fill, F. F. de Assis, D. Lazarin-Bidóia, V. Kaplum, F. P. Garcia, C. V. Nakamura, K. T. de Oliveira, and E. Rodrigues-Filho, Bioorg Med Chem 22:1121–1127, 2014,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.020
). In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of action of these compounds that are involved in parasite death. We showed that A3K2A1 and A3K2A3 induced oxidative stress in the three parasitic forms, especially trypomastigotes, reflected by an increase in oxidant species production and depletion of the endogenous antioxidant system. This oxidative imbalance culminated in damage in essential cell structures of
T. cruzi
, reflected by lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation. Consequently, A3K2A1 and A3K2A3 induced vital alterations in
T. cruzi
, leading to parasite death through the three pathways, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis.
Tree-Based Models for Predicting Mortality in Gram-Negative Bacteremia: Avoid Putting the CART before the Horse
Authors: Rhodes Nathaniel J. , O'Donnell J. Nicholas , Lizza Bryan D. , McLaughlin Milena M. , Esterly John S. , Scheetz Marc H. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Increasingly, infectious disease studies employ tree-based approaches, e.g., classification and regression tree modeling, to identify clinical thresholds. We present tree-based-model-derived thresholds along with their measures of uncertainty. We explored individual and pooled clinical cohorts of bacteremic patients to identify modified acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (II) (m-APACHE-II) score mortality thresholds using a tree-based approach. Predictive performance measures for each candidate threshold were calculated. Candidate thresholds were examined according to binary logistic regression probabilities of the primary outcome, correct classification predictive matrices, and receiver operating characteristic curves. Three individual cohorts comprising a total of 235 patients were studied. Within the pooled cohort, the mean (± standard deviation) m-APACHE-II score was 13.6 ± 5.3, with an in-hospital mortality of 16.6%. The probability of death was greater at higher m-APACHE II scores in only one of three cohorts (odds ratio for cohort 1 [OR
1
] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99 to 1.34; OR
2
= 1.04, 95% CI = 0.94 to 1.16; OR
3
= 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.38) and was greater at higher scores within the pooled cohort (OR
4
= 1.11, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.19). In contrast, tree-based models overcame power constraints and identified m-APACHE-II thresholds for mortality in two of three cohorts (
P
= 0.02, 0.1, and 0.008) and the pooled cohort (
P
= 0.001). Predictive performance at each threshold was highly variable among cohorts. The selection of any one predictive threshold value resulted in fixed sensitivity and specificity. Tree-based models increased power and identified threshold values from continuous predictor variables; however, sample size and data distributions influenced the identified thresholds. The provision of predictive matrices or graphical displays of predicted probabilities within infectious disease studies can improve the interpretation of tree-based model-derived thresholds.
Neomycin Sulfate Improves the Antimicrobial Activity of Mupirocin-Based Antibacterial Ointments
Authors: Blanchard Catlyn , Brooks Lauren , Beckley Andrew , Colquhoun Jennifer , Dewhurst Stephen , Dunman Paul M. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

In the midst of the current antimicrobial pipeline void, alternative approaches are needed to reduce the incidence of infection and decrease reliance on last-resort antibiotics for the therapeutic intervention of bacterial pathogens. In that regard, mupirocin ointment-based decolonization and wound maintenance practices have proven effective in reducing
Staphylococcus aureus
transmission and mitigating invasive disease. However, the emergence of mupirocin-resistant strains has compromised the agent's efficacy, necessitating new strategies for the prevention of staphylococcal infections. Herein, we set out to improve the performance of mupirocin-based ointments. A screen of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library revealed that the antibiotic neomycin sulfate potentiates the antimicrobial activity of mupirocin, whereas other library antibiotics did not. Preliminary mechanism of action studies indicate that neomycin's potentiating activity may be mediated by inhibition of the organism's RNase P function, an enzyme that is believed to participate in the tRNA processing pathway immediately upstream of the primary target of mupirocin. The improved antimicrobial activity of neomycin and mupirocin was maintained in ointment formulations and reduced
S. aureus
bacterial burden in murine models of nasal colonization and wound site infections. Combination therapy improved upon the effects of either agent alone and was effective in the treatment of contemporary methicillin-susceptible, methicillin-resistant, and high-level mupirocin-resistant
S. aureus
strains. From these perspectives, combination mupirocin-and-neomycin ointments appear to be superior to that of mupirocin alone and warrant further development.