bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of food patches by sympatric herbivores in response to concealment and distance from a refuge
Authors: Crowell Miranda M. , Shipley Lisa A. , Camp Meghan J. , Rachlow Janet L. , Forbey Jennifer S. , Johnson Timothy R. 
Published: March 2016

SummarySmall herbivores face risks of predation while foraging and are often forced to trade off food quality for safety. Life history, behaviour, and habitat of predator and prey can influence these trade‐offs. We compared how two sympatric rabbits (pygmy rabbit, Brachylagus idahoensis; mountain cottontail, Sylvilagus nuttallii) that differ in size, use of burrows, and habitat specialization in the sagebrush‐steppe of western North America respond to amount and orientation of concealment cover and proximity to burrow refuges when selecting food patches. We predicted that both rabbit species would prefer food patches that offered greater concealment and food patches that were closer to burrow refuges. However, because pygmy rabbits are small, obligate burrowers that are restricted to sagebrush habitats, we predicted that they would show stronger preferences for greater cover, orientation of concealment, and patches closer to burrow refuges. We offered two food patches to individuals of each species during three experiments that either varied in the amount of concealment cover, orientation of concealment cover, or distance from a burrow refuge. Both species preferred food patches that offered greater concealment, but pygmy rabbits generally preferred terrestrial and mountain cottontails preferred aerial concealment. Only pygmy rabbits preferred food patches closer to their burrow refuge. Different responses to concealment and proximity to burrow refuges by the two species likely reflect differences in perceived predation risks. Because terrestrial predators are able to dig for prey in burrows, animals like pygmy rabbits that rely on burrow refuges might select food patches based more on terrestrial concealment. In contrast, larger habitat generalists that do not rely on burrow refuges, like mountain cottontails, might trade off terrestrial concealment for visibility to detect approaching terrestrial predators. This study suggests that body size and evolutionary adaptations for using habitat, even in closely related species, might influence anti‐predator behaviors in prey species.
Sperm use economy of honeybee (Apis mellifera) queens
Authors: Baer Boris , Collins Jason , Maalaps Kristiina , den Boer Susanne P. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe queens of eusocial ants, bees, and wasps only mate during a very brief period early in life to acquire and store a lifetime supply of sperm. As sperm cannot be replenished, queens have to be highly economic when using stored sperm to fertilize eggs, especially in species with large and long‐lived colonies. However, queen fertility has not been studied in detail, so that we have little understanding of how economic sperm use is in different species, and whether queens are able to influence their sperm use. This is surprising given that sperm use is a key factor of eusocial life, as it determines the fecundity and longevity of queens and therefore colony fitness. We quantified the number of sperm that honeybee (Apis mellifera) queens use to fertilize eggs. We examined sperm use in naturally mated queens of different ages and in queens artificially inseminated with different volumes of semen. We found that queens are remarkably efficient and only use a median of 2 sperm per egg fertilization, with decreasing sperm use in older queens. The number of sperm in storage was always a significant predictor for the number of sperm used per fertilization, indicating that queens use a constant ratio of spermathecal fluid relative to total spermathecal volume of 2.364 × 10−6 to fertilize eggs. This allowed us to calculate a lifetime fecundity for honeybee queens of around 1,500,000 fertilized eggs. Our data provide the first empirical evidence that honeybee queens do not manipulate sperm use, and fertilization failures in worker‐destined eggs are therefore honest signals that workers can use to time queen replacement, which is crucial for colony performance and fitness.
TRPM7 is down‐regulated in both left atria and left ventricle of ischaemic cardiomyopathy patients and highly related to changes in ventricular function
Authors: Ortega Ana , Roselló‐Lletí Esther , Tarazón Estefanía , Gil‐Cayuela Carolina , Lago Francisca , González‐Juanatey Jose‐Ramón , Martinez‐Dolz Luis , Portolés Manuel , Rivera Miguel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsThe kinase ion channel transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is considered a modulator of cardiac fibrosis progression; nevertheless, we lack of studies analysing its role in human ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Our objective was to analyse the expression of genes encoding cardiac ion channels in human ICM, focusing on the alterations in mRNA levels of TRPM7 and its relationship with changes in the ventricular function.Methods and resultsRNA‐sequencing was carried out in 13 left ventricular (LV) samples of patients with ICM compared with a control group (n = 10). The analysis revealed a total of 25 ion channel genes differentially expressed. We performed an RTqPCR analysis of the TRPM7 mRNA in LV and left atrial samples and found that it was down‐regulated in both cavities (−1.43‐fold and −1.52‐fold, respectively). Atrial TRPM7 mRNA levels showed an excellent and inverse relationships with the depressed ejection fraction (r = −0.724, P = 0.042) and with the mitral A wave (r = −0.938, P = 0.006).ConclusionsWe report the down‐regulation of TRPM7 in tissue samples from both left atria and left ventricle in patients with ICM. We found an inverse relationship between both cardiac chambers mRNA levels with LV dysfunction, suggesting an important role of TRPM7 in the left atrial and LV functional depression found in this cardiomyopathy.
Global cardiac risk assessment in the Registry Of Pregnancy And Cardiac disease: results of a registry from the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: van Hagen Iris M. , Boersma Eric , Johnson Mark R. , Thorne Sara A. , Parsonage William A. , Escribano Subías Pilar , Leśniak‐Sobelga Agata , Irtyuga Olga , Sorour Khaled A. , Taha Nasser , Maggioni Aldo P. , Hall Roger , Roos‐Hesselink Jolien W. ,   on behalf of the ROPAC investigators and EORP team
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsTo validate the modified World Health Organization (mWHO) risk classification in advanced and emerging countries, and to identify additional risk factors for cardiac events during pregnancy.Methods and resultsThe ongoing prospective worldwide Registry Of Pregnancy And Cardiac disease (ROPAC) included 2742 pregnant women (mean age ± standard deviation, 29.2 ± 5.5 years) with established cardiac disease: 1827 from advanced countries and 915 from emerging countries. In patients from advanced countries, congenital heart disease was the most prevalent diagnosis (70%) while in emerging countries valvular heart disease was more common (55%). A cardiac event occurred in 566 patients (20.6%) during pregnancy: 234 (12.8%) in advanced countries and 332 (36.3%) in emerging countries. The mWHO classification had a moderate performance to discriminate between women with and without cardiac events (c‐statistic 0.711 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.686–0.735). However, its performance in advanced countries (0.726) was better than in emerging countries (0.633). The best performance was found in patients with acquired heart disease from developed countries (0.712). Pre‐pregnancy signs of heart failure and, in advanced countries, atrial fibrillation and no previous cardiac intervention added prognostic value to the mWHO classification, with a c‐statistic of 0.751 (95% CI 0.715–0.786) in advanced countries and of 0.724 (95% CI 0.691–0.758) in emerging countries.ConclusionThe mWHO risk classification is a useful tool for predicting cardiac events during pregnancy in women with established cardiac disease in advanced countries, but seems less effective in emerging countries. Data on pre‐pregnancy cardiac condition including signs of heart failure and atrial fibrillation, may help to improve preconception counselling in advanced and emerging countries.
4‐Arylation of N‐Acylamino‐ and Aminopyrazoles by the Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Jedinák Lukáš , Cankař Petr 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHalogenated aminopyrazoles have rarely been utilized in metal‐catalysed cross‐coupling reactions mainly due to the complexation of the aminopyrazoles to the metal center, which deactivates the catalyst. In this paper we reveal that the appropriate combination of palladium source and ligand enables efficient Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions with even challenging substrates such as halogenated aminopyrazoles. The combination of Pd(OAc)2 and XPhos allowed efficient coupling of halogenated N‐acetylaminopyrazoles, whereas XPhos Pd G2 was needed when unprotected aminopyrazoles were used. Generally, the halogenated aminopyrazoles underwent facile cross‐coupling reactions with a range of aryl‐, heteroaryl‐, and styrylboronic acids and esters. The resulting biaryl, bisheteroaryl, or arylalkenyl derivatives were obtained in good‐to‐high isolated yields.
Impact of Daily Startup–Shutdown Conditions on the Production of Solar Methanol over a Commercial Cu–ZnO–Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Ash‐Kurlander Uri , Martin Oliver , Fontana Luca D. , Patil Vikas R. , Bernegger Men , Mondelli Cecilia , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier , Steinfeld Aldo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMethanol production with the use of syngas derived from solar‐driven splitting of CO2 and H2O is a promising route to sustainable liquid fuels. Herein, we investigated the effect of using a CO2‐rich syngas with the same composition as that obtained in a solar thermochemical reactor and of applying a daily startup–shutdown (DSS) routine matching the intermittent solar operation over a benchmark Cu–ZnO–Al2O3 catalyst. The catalyst reached fast equilibration (10 h) in the presence of this syngas mixture and reversibly responded to changes in the concentrations of CO and CO2 by mimicking fluctuations in the feed composition. Remarkably, its deactivation was even less pronounced over 27 cycles under a DSS regime than for a corresponding time on stream under uninterrupted operation if the reactor was purged with H2‐free syngas upon shutdown. Characterization and modeling indicated that this purging avoided the formation of inactive ZnCO3 and minimized the oxidation of the Cu surface atoms.
Determination of aroma compounds in pork broth produced by different processing methods
Authors: Wang Yao , Song Huanlu , Zhang Yu , Tang Jiani , Yu Donghai 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe aroma‐active compounds in pork broth cooked by different processing methods were extracted by solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and solvent‐assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE) and analysed by gas chromatography‐olfactometry‐mass spectrometry (GC‐O‐MS). In total, 78 different aroma‐active compounds were tentatively identified in pork broth. Among them, 12 compounds such as ethyl acetate, 3‐(methylthio) propanal, hexanal, 2‐butanone, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide were tentatively identified as predominant aroma‐active compounds in pork broth, according to their high FD value. According to sensory evaluation, the main characteristic flavour of the four samples was the intensely meaty aroma. By investigating the four kinds of pork broth processed by different methods, the broth cooked at 96 °C with air circulation was found to possess stronger meaty aroma and best overall sensory. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Skeletal Characteristics of WNT1 Osteoporosis in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Mäkitie Riikka E , Haanpää Maria , Valta Helena , Pekkinen Minna , Laine Christine M , Lehesjoki Anna-Elina , Schalin-Jäntti Camilla , Mäkitie Outi 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

WNT proteins comprise a 19-member glycoprotein family that act in several developmental and regenerative processes. In bone, WNT proteins regulate osteoblast differentiation and maintain bone health by activating the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. We reported a heterozygous missense mutation c.652T&gt;G (p.C218G) in WNT1 exon 4 as the cause for severe early-onset, autosomal dominant osteoporosis. The initial study concerned a large Finnish family with 10 affected adults. Here we report clinical findings of the WNT1 osteoporosis in 8 children and young adults (median age 14 years; range 10 to 30 years) in two families, all with the p.C218G mutation in WNT1. Clinical assessments showed no apparent dysmorphia or features similar to typical osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Biochemistry revealed no changes in parameters of calcium metabolism and bone turnover markers. Fracture frequencies varied, but all subjects had sustained at least one fracture and 4 had a pathological fracture history. Plain radiographs showed osteopenic appearance, loss in vertebral height, and thin diaphyses of the long bones. Bone densitometry showed the BMD to be below normal median in all subjects and the bone mass deficit seemed to be more severe in older participants. Bone histomorphometry revealed a low turnover osteoporosis in 2 subjects at ages 14 and 16 years. These findings are congruent with earlier findings in adult patients and indicate that WNT1 osteoporosis causes significant skeletal changes already in early childhood and impairs bone mass gain during pubertal years. Genetic testing of children or close relatives of affected individuals is recommended for appropriate preventive measures. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Effectiveness of Victim Resistance Strategies against Stranger Child Abduction: An Analysis of Attempted and Completed Cases
Authors: Collie Craig J. R. , Shalev Greene Karen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractExisting research, policy information, and materials intended to teach child safety assumes that certain behaviours will protect children in the event that a stranger tries to abduct them. However, there is little empirical basis for these assumptions. This paper examines the effectiveness of strategies thought to increase the likelihood that a child will be able to resist an attempted stranger child abduction event. Seventy‐eight cases of stranger child abduction that occurred in the UK between 1988 and 2014, including 25 attempted cases and 53 completed cases, were examined in order to ascertain the relative prevalence of various resistance types and to assess their effectiveness of six key resistance strategies based on whether the presence or absence affected the outcome of the abduction. Results show that direct, unequivocal verbal resistance, running away, and a composite approach where the victim runs away, calls for help, and reports the offence were highly effective means of resisting an offender, whereas physical resistance, indirect verbal resistance, and non‐resistance were not effective. Female victims were almost twice as likely to employ any kind of resistance strategy against an offender as male victims were. The implications of these findings for augmenting ways in which children are taught about safety are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Promoting Creativity in the Kitchen: Digital Lessons from the Learning Environment
Authors: Surgenor Dawn , McMahon‐Beattie Una S. M. , Burns Amy , Hollywood Lynsey E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCreativity and learning are heightened when individuals are exposed to problem‐solving activity (Y. Cho, Chung, Choi, Sea, & Baek, 2013); however, while creativity has historically been promoted in schools, educationalists experience difficulty in integrating it meaningfully to the curriculum (Y. Cho et al., 2013). This is relevant in terms of how students learn culinary food skills in the classroom, where it is necessary for students to generate solutions to difficulties during food preparation and in transferring this learning to the home environment. The challenge for educators is tailoring student creativity to a learning environment which is resource led, directed by a defined curriculum and influenced by the need to meet learning styles of today's “digital natives” (M. Prensky, 2001). Therefore, this research investigates students' perceived impact of podcasting on food skills development in the context of Home Economics at secondary level. The findings reported within this paper represent a component part of a larger research study exploring the impact of podcasting on practical cooking skills development. The study comprised of a quasi‐experiment using six test and control schools in Northern Ireland. In contrast to full cookery demonstrations, podcasting demonstration focuses on individual basic skills and encourages individuals to transfer learning by grouping individual skills to create nutritious meals. Eighteen student focus groups within the six test schools, ages 11–14 were identified to provide their perceptions of podcasting as a learning resource. Qualitative results suggest that students maximized food skills development using this technology, and developed skills through interpretive and integrative creativity.
Correlations between videoendoscopy and sonotubometry of eustachian tube opening during a swallow
Authors: Alper Cuneyt M. , Teixeira Miriam S. , Swarts J. Douglas 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisDescribe the relationship between the magnitude of eustachian tube (ET) dilation during swallowing observed on transnasal videoendoscopy and quantified by sonotubometry.Study DesignDescriptive observational study.MethodsSimultaneous transnasal videoendoscopic and sonotubometric recordings were done on 33 adults with no middle ear disease. Briefly, microphones were placed in the ear canals, a 45° telescope introduced through one side of the nose to visualize and record ipsilateral ET movements, and the probe from a sound generator placed in the opposite nostril. At a generated nasopharyngeal sound level, ET movements and ipsilateral microphone signals were continuously recorded while the subject performed a series of three swallows. For each swallow, relational movements among ET structures observed on video recordings and characteristics of the sonotubometry signal envelope at the ear canal were quantified at three times: swallow onset (T1), maximum soft‐palate elevation (T2), and maximum ET luminal dilation (T3).ResultsA total of 99 swallows were analyzed. The average medial rotation of the ET cartilage and lateral wall over the T1‐T2 interval were −32.7 ± 14.9° and 7.2 ± 25.1°, and over the T2‐T3 interval were 4.6 ± 7.7° and 6.2 ± 14.6°, respectively. The transtubal sound transmission during a swallow peaked at an amplitude of 30.5 ± 35.7 mV during the 572.5 ± 292.6 ms of elevated sound‐pressure time. Correlational analysis documented significant linear associations between the relational measures of ET component movements from videoendoscopy and the signal envelope measures from sonotubometry.ConclusionsThere is a direct linear relationship between the degree of ET luminal dilation visualized on videoendoscopy and represented in the sonotubometry signal envelope.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:2778–2784, 2016
Isoflavone supplementation in postmenopausal women does not affect leukocyte LDL receptor and scavenger receptor CD36 expression: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Engelbert Ann Katrin , Soukup Sebastian T. , Roth Alexander , Hoffmann Nadine , Graf Daniela , Watzl Bernhard , Kulling Sabine E. , Bub Achim 
Published: March 2016

ScopeIsoflavones are discussed to improve serum lipoproteins and body composition and to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women (PMW). LDL receptors (LDLR) and scavenger receptor CD36 (CD36) play a pivotal role in the regulation of plasma LDL‐cholesterol concentrations (LDL‐chol). We investigated the impact of isoflavones on the receptor expression of both receptors in leukocytes of PMW.Methods and resultsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in parallel design was conducted to assess the effects of an isoflavone‐enriched soy extract (117.4 mg/day isoflavone aglycone equivalents) for 12 weeks on serum LDL‐chol, LDLR, and CD36 expression on leukocytes in 170 healthy PMW. Baseline and after 12 weeks, blood lipid concentrations, anthropometric data and body composition were determined. Receptor expression on leukocytes was measured by means of flow cytometry. After the intervention, no significant differences were found for LDLR and CD36 expression on leukocytes. A significant increase of serum LDL‐chol was shown for the isoflavone group (p= 0.03) after 12 weeks. Body fat content and VAT were not affected.ConclusionIsoflavone supplementation for 12 weeks did not change LDLR and CD36 expression on leukocytes of PMW and did not affect body fat content and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), but slightly increased serum LDL‐chol.
Cost‐Utility Analysis of Infliximab with Standard Care versus Standard Care Alone for Induction and Maintenance Treatment of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in Poland
Authors: Stawowczyk Ewa , Kawalec Paweł , Pilc Andrzej 
Published: March 2016

Study ObjectiveTo assess the cost‐effectiveness of infliximab with standard care (e.g., azathioprine, prednisolone, mesalazine, and 6‐mercaptopurine) versus standard care alone for induction and maintenance treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in Poland.DesignCost‐utility decision analytic model.Measurements and Main ResultsA Markov model was used to estimate the expected costs and effects of infliximab/standard care and standard care alone. For each treatment option, costs and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) were calculated to estimate the incremental cost‐utility ratio. The target population consisted of a hypothetical cohort of adult patients with moderately to severely active UC who had an inadequate response to standard treatment, including corticosteroids and 6‐mercaptopurine or azathioprine, or who were intolerant to or had medical contraindications to such therapies. The analysis was performed from the perspective of the Polish public payer over a 30‐year time horizon. The clinical parameters were derived mainly from the Active Ulcerative Colitis Trial (ACT) 1 and ACT 2 and from the Ulcerative Colitis Long‐term Remission and Maintenance with Adalimumab (ULTRA) 2 clinical trial. Different costs and utility values were assigned to the various health states in the model; utility values were derived from a previously published study. Treatment of patients who received infliximab/standard care instead of standard care alone resulted in 0.174 additional QALYs. Treatment with infliximab/standard care was found to be more expensive than treatment with standard care alone from the Polish National Health Fund perspective. The incremental cost‐utility ratio of infliximab/standard care compared with standard care alone was estimated to be 402,420 Polish zlotys (PLN)/QALY gained (95% confidence interval [CI] 253,936–531,450 PLN/QALY gained), which is equivalent to $106,743 (U.S. dollars)/QALY gained (95% CI $67,357–140,968 [U.S. dollars]/QALY gained).ConclusionTreatment with infliximab/standard care instead of standard care alone resulted in additional QALYs but also additional costs. The incremental cost per QALY gained of infliximab/standard care compared with standard care alone exceeded the willingness‐to‐pay threshold in Poland (equivalent to ~$33,400).