bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paranasal sinus opacification in headache sufferers: A population-based imaging study (the HUNT study-MRI)
Authors: Hansen Aleksander Grande , Stovner Lars Jacob , Hagen Knut , Helvik Anne-Sofie , Thorstensen Wenche Moe , Nordgård Ståle , Bugten Vegard , Eggesbø Heidi Beate 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe association between headache and paranasal sinus disease is still unclear. Because of symptom overlap, the two conditions are not easily studied on the basis of symptoms alone. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether paranasal sinus opacification on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was associated with migraine, tension-type headache (TTH) or unclassified headache.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 844 randomly selected participants (442 women, age range 50–65 years, mean age 57.7 years). Based on 14 headache questions, participants were allocated to four mutually exclusive groups: migraine, TTH, unclassified headache or headache free. On MRI, opacifications as mucosal thickening, polyps/retention cysts and fluid in the five paired sinuses were measured and recorded if ≥1 mm. For each participant, opacification thickness was summed for each sinus and, in addition, a total sum of all sinuses was calculated. Opacification in each sinus was compared between headache-free participants and the headache groups using non-parametric tests, and the total sum was compared by logistical regression.ResultsNo significant association was found between paranasal sinus opacification and headache in general, nor when headache was differentiated into migraine, TTH and unclassified headache. This was also true in separate analyses of mucosal thickening and fluid and of opacification from each paranasal sinus.ConclusionMigraine, TTH and unclassified headache were found not to be associated with an increased degree of paranasal sinus opacification at MRI.
A qualitative investigation of eating difficulties in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis
Authors: Harris Sarah , Gilbert Matthew , Beasant Lucy , Linney Catherine , Broughton Jessica , Crawley Esther 
Published: May 2016

Background: An estimated 10% of children and adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) experience eating difficulties; however, little is known about why these difficulties develop, what the impact is or how to manage them. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with adolescents (aged 12–17 years) attending a specialist service who have a primary diagnosis of CFS/ME and experience nausea, abdominal pain and/or eating difficulties. A total of 11 adolescents were interviewed (eight female, mean age: 15 years). Transcripts were analysed thematically using techniques of constant comparison which commenced soon after data collection and informed further interview protocols. Results: Adolescents perceived their eating difficulties were caused by abdominal symptoms, being too fatigued to eat and changes to their senses of taste and smell. Some of the adolescents recognised how their eating difficulties were exacerbated and maintained by psychological factors of low mood and anxiety. The adolescents eating difficulties had a negative impact on their weight, fatigue, socialising and family life. They perceived helpful interventions to include modifying their diets, families adjusting and also medical interventions (e.g. medication). Adolescents identified that early education and support about diet and eating habits would have been helpful. Conclusions: If adolescents diagnosed with CFS/ME develop eating difficulties, this has a significant impact on their quality of life, illness and on their families. Not eating increases fatigue, low mood and anxiety which further exacerbates the eating difficulties. Clinicians should screen for eating difficulties in those with symptoms of nausea and abdominal pain, warn adolescents and their families of the risk of developing eating difficulties and provide interventions and support as early as possible.
Debt, poverty, and financial exclusion
Authors: Krumer-Nevo Michal , Gorodzeisky Anastasia , Saar-Heiman Yuval 
Published: May 2016

Summary Over-indebtedness of impoverished households and its relevance to the social work profession have not received sufficient attention in the professional discourse. It is the intention of this article to put over-indebtedness on the professional agenda, to review the literature about it, and to present initial data from a study on over-indebtedness in Israel carried out with special attention to debtors’ coping with their debts. The research was conducted as a door-to-door survey in a neighborhood with low socio-economic characteristics and included questions about the nature of the debts, the strategies people use to cope with debts and the obstacles they face while doing so. Findings The research findings indicate a severe debt problem among the participants. Out of 142 interviewees, 61% had debt that was overdue and 27% of them did not have an active bank account – a significant parameter of financial exclusion. Moreover, the proliferation of debts per household, and the high level of debt-to-income ratio also indicate high risk for financial exclusion. Notwithstanding, the findings indicate that most debtors made active efforts in order to close their debts, using two distinct strategies, namely: trying to reach a payment arrangement with the creditor or paying off the debt by increasing their financial resources. Most debtors used the first strategy, although it was found as the less successful one. Applications The article discusses these findings in the framework of the concept of financial exclusion and proposes policy and direct interventions as well as further research on the topic.
Feasibility of fluorescence energy transfer system for imaging the renoprotective effects of aliskiren in diabetic mice
Authors: Kidokoro Kengo , Satoh Minoru , Itano Seiji , Kuwabara Atsunori , Sasaki Tamaki , Kashihara Naoki 
Published: May 2016

Introduction: We investigated the feasibility of using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer system to image enzymatic activity in order to evaluate the effects of aliskiren (a direct renin inhibitor) on diabetic nephropathy. Materials and methods: First, we induced diabetes in C57BL/6J mice using streptozotocin, then treated them with either aliskiren (25 mg/kg/day) or the angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker valsartan (15 mg/kg/day) for four weeks. Finally, we utilized renin fluorescence resonance energy transfer substrate to assess renin activity. Results: Renin activity was much higher in the kidneys of diabetic mice compared to those of the non-diabetic control mice. While aliskiren inhibited this activity, valsartan did not. We noted that production of reactive oxygen species intensified and the bioavailability of nitric oxide diminished in the glomeruli of diabetic mice. Aliskiren and valsartan significantly ameliorated these effects. They suppressed glomerular production of reactive oxygen species and urinary albumin excretion. In fact, urinary albumin excretion in diabetic mice treated with aliskiren or valsartan was lower than that in untreated diabetic mice. Furthermore, aliskiren and valsartan significantly reduced glomerular permeability by maintaining the glomerular endothelial surface layer. Conclusion: Fluorescence resonance energy transfer could provide a new tool for evaluating tissue and plasma enzymatic activity.
Development of a Tool to Predict Outcome of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Dugard M. Naomi , Kuiper Jan Herman , Parker Jane , Roberts Sally , Robinson Eric , Harrison Paul , Richardson James B. 
Published: May 2016

Objective The study had 2 objectives: first, to evaluate the success of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) in terms of incidence of surgical re-intervention, including arthroplasty, and investigate predictors of successful treatment outcome. The second objective was to derive a tool predicting a patient’s arthroplasty risk following ACI. Design In this Level II, prognostic study, 170 ACI-treated patients (110 males [aged 36.8 ± 9.4 years]; 60 females [aged 38.1 ± 10.2 years]) completed a questionnaire about further surgery on their knee treated with ACI 10.9 ± 3.5 years previously. Factors commonly assessed preoperatively (age, gender, defect location and number, previous surgery at this site, and the preoperative Lysholm score) were used as independent factors in regression analyses. Results At final follow-up (maximum of 19 years post-ACI), 40 patients (23.5%) had undergone surgical re-intervention following ACI. Twenty-six patients (15.3%) underwent arthroplasty, more commonly females (25%) than males (10%; P = 0.001). Cox regression analyses identified 4 factors associated with re-intervention: age at ACI, multiple operations before ACI, patellar defects, and lower pretreatment Lysholm scores (Nagelkerke’s R2 = 0.20). Six predictive items associated with risk of arthroplasty following ACI (Nagelkerke’s R2 = 0.34) were used to develop the Oswestry Risk of Knee Arthroplasty index with internal cross-validation. Conclusion In a single-center study, we have identified 6 factors (age, gender, location and number of defects, number of previous operations, and Lysholm score before ACI) that appear to influence the likelihood of ACI patients progressing to arthroplasty. We have used this information to propose a formula or “tool” that could aid treatment decisions and improve patient selection for ACI.
Non-Smc element 5 (Nse5) of the Smc5/6 complex interacts with SUMO pathway components
Authors: Bustard Denise E. , Ball Lindsay G. , Cobb Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe Smc5/6 complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains six essential non-Smc elements, Nse1-6. With the exception of Nse2 (also known as Mms21), which is an E3 small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase, very little is understood about the role of these components or their contribution to Smc5/6 functionality. Our characterization of Nse5 establishes a previously unidentified relationship between the Smc5/6 complex and factors of the SUMO pathway. Nse5 physically associates with the E2 conjugating enzyme, Ubc9, where contacts are stabilized by non-covalent interactions with SUMO. SUMO also mediates the interactions between Nse5 and the two PIAS family E3 SUMO ligases, Siz1 and Siz2. Cells carrying the nse5-ts1 allele or lacking either SIZ1 or SIZ2 exhibit a reduction in Smc5 sumoylation upon MMS treatment and demonstrate functional redundancy for SUMO mediated events in the presence of DNA damage. Overall, given the extensive connection between Nse5 and components of the SUMO pathway, we speculate that one function of the Smc5/6 complex might be as a scaffold center to enable sumoylation events in budding yeast.
Spermidine, but not spermine, is essential for pigment pattern formation in zebrafish
Authors: Frohnhöfer Hans Georg , Geiger-Rudolph Silke , Pattky Martin , Meixner Martin , Huhn Carolin , Maischein Hans-Martin , Geisler Robert , Gehring Ines , Maderspacher Florian , Nüsslein-Volhard Christiane , Irion Uwe 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTPolyamines are small poly-cations essential for all cellular life. The main polyamines present in metazoans are putrescine, spermidine and spermine. Their exact functions are still largely unclear; however, they are involved in a wide variety of processes affecting cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis and aging. Here we identify idefix, a mutation in the zebrafish gene encoding the enzyme spermidine synthase, leading to a severe reduction in spermidine levels as shown by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. We show that spermidine, but not spermine, is essential for early development, organogenesis and colour pattern formation. Whereas in other vertebrates spermidine deficiency leads to very early embryonic lethality, maternally provided spermidine synthase in zebrafish is sufficient to rescue the early developmental defects. This allows us to uncouple them from events occurring later during colour patterning. Factors involved in the cellular interactions essential for colour patterning, likely targets for spermidine, are the gap junction components Cx41.8, Cx39.4, and Kir7.1, an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, all known to be regulated by polyamines. Thus, zebrafish provide a vertebrate model to study the in vivo effects of polyamines.
Successive Stages of Mycotic Aortic Arch Aneurysm Development
Authors: Ghodbane Walid , Kirsch Matthias 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn 81-year-old male presented with an abscessed tumor of the cecum and complicated by a mycotic aneurysm of the aortic arch. We present successive stages of mycotic aneurysm development as seen on serial computerized tomography scans.
Rehabilitation in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Auxiliary Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy
Authors: Albu Daniel – Emil , Copotoiu Monica , Melinte Răzvan , Băţagă Tiberiu , Copotoiu Sanda-Maria 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background: The main target after successful AnteriorCruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction is early rehabilitation. New options such as PRP (platelet rich plasma) may improve clinical outcomes.

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate two consecutive series of patients who underwent ACL reconstruction, one with PRP treatment and one without it.

Material and method: Two groups of consecutive patients underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction, using the SemiT and BPTB techniques. Postoperatively all patients included in this study followed the same standardized rehabilitation protocol. In addition, patients in the first group received three intraarticular PRP injections as auxiliary therapy. Injections were performed at week two, four and six. The patients were evaluated at enrolment and every four and twelve weeks using the Tegner Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (Scoring Scale: poor <65/ fair 65-83 / good 84-90 / excellent > 90). Each patient was operated on and evaluated afterwards by the same team of surgeons.

Results: At 12 weeks interval, Group A had a higher mean clinical score than Group B (94.67 vs 92.50) although marginally not statistically significant (p=0.0503, 95% CI: −4.336 to 0.002911). Regarding pain in patients from Group A compared with patients from Group B, we saw a statistically significant difference at 4 weeks interval (16.90 vs. 18.89, p=0.0370, 95% CI: 0.1260 to 3.842) and no significant difference at 12 weeks interval (21.19 vs. 21.94, p=0.3744, 95%CI: −0.9452 to 2.453). In terms of swelling points scored between the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference at 4 week interval (5.048 vs. 4.00, p=0.1979, 95% CI: −2.667 to 0.5714) but there is a significant difference in favor of patients from Group A at 12 weeks interval (8.475 vs. 5.556, p=0.0002, 95% CI: −4.323 to −1.159).

Conclusions: In the short term, the local treatment showed improvement on the overall clinical status of the patients (less pain, improved mobility, less swelling) undergoing rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction, although further studies are required.
Alternativen in der Wissenschaft / Alternatives in Science
Authors: Böhme Gemot , Daele Wolfgang van den , Krohn Wolfgang 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The development of science is neither necessary nor accidental: there are alternatives in the development of science that are not decided upon internal criteria. The concept of the alternative in science is made explicit through a distinction between internal and external determinatives of growth. Alternatives will be characterized in methodological terms. The existence of alternatives can be noticed from the lacunae in all attempts at explaining the development of science by means of a logic of discovery alone.
The history of science will be interpreted in evolutionary terms: its factual development cannot be explained unless the social environment of science, the conditions of survival for theories, methods etc. are taken into account. The possibility of an external regulation of science has to be founded on a theory of the social constitution of science which explains in what sense science and society are interrelated so that a selective determination of the former by the latter is in fact possible.
Kognitive Konsequenzen der Wahl eines Verlierers / Cognitive Consequences of Voting for a Loser
Authors: Sauer Claudius , Frey Dieter , Ochsmann Randolph , Kumpf Martin , Irle Martin 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The election of the ‘Landtag von Nordrhein-Westfalen’ in 1975 was one of the infrequent occasions of being able to examine the resolution of cognitive inconsistencies in a natural-occurring event: Voters who expect their own party to lose will experience cognitive dissonance. There was significant confirmation for the hypothesis that inconsistency between the party to be voted and the party expected to win (i.e. the person will vote for a loser) leads to a stronger devaluation of the political relevance of the election than consistency. This finding can be explained by the theory of cognitive dissonance.
Innerbetriebliche Arbeitssituation und Teilnahme an freiwilligen Vereinigungen / Work Experience and Participation in Voluntary Associations
Authors: Fröhlich Dieter 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
What kind of relationships does exist between a person’s work experience and his attitudes and behavior in the non-work sphere? Do negative work experiences extend into the realm of non-work with the same connotation (extension hypothesis)? Are negative work experiences compensated off work (compensation hypothesis) or are both realms, in principle, unconnected (autonomy hypothesis)? Which dimensions of work experience influence the non-work sphere within the scope of the extension and the compensation hypothesis? - These problems are empirically evaluated, taking membership and activities in voluntary associations as the dependent variables. The data consist of 928 closed interviews with employed males in Northrhine-Westphalia. The dimensions of work experience were measured through statements. These were factoranalysed and converted into indexes. The statistical evaluation is based on partial correlations, taking demographic data into account. - On the whole, the results are in favor of the autonomy hypothesis; in some cases, there are significant but weak relationships in favor of the extension hypothesis; the compensation hypothesis proved to be least fruitful. The results are compared as to content and method with other similar research.
Die Pseudo-Exploration – Überlegungen zur Technik qualitativer Interviews in der Sozialforschung / Pseudo-exploration – Thoughts on the techniques of qualitative interviews in social research
Authors: Hopf Christel 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The topic of the article is methods and methodology of ‘‘qualitative” research in sociology. Taking own experiences in a school administration project as an example, I try to show risks, fallacies and typical conflicts in the “qualitative interview”. This is shown to be subjected to a fundamental dilemma: the “qualitative interview” aims at a “natural” discourse but cannot fully adapt to rules of everyday communication. The roles of the interviewer and of the interviewee remain separated, and the governing influence of the interviewer is maintained. An especially restrictive form of this influence is the “bureaucratization” of the interview which, ironically, is fostered by the very features of the qualitative interview being its specific advantages, namely, openness, unstructuredness, and the like. On the other hand, to avoid “bureaucratization” of the interview does not mean successful communication. As the interviewer relies of his competence in everyday communication, new risks and tensions arise. The article is concerned with the analysis of these conflicts and offers no solutions in the technical sense.
Die Arbeiterexistenz als biographischer Lernprozeß: Vorschläge zur Neuorientierung des industriesoziologischen Lernbegriffs
Authors: Brock Ditmar , Vetter Hans-Rolf 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
In der Auseinandersetzung mit dem gegenwärtigen Stand der industriesoziologischen Forschung geht es um die Frage, wo unter Bedingungen industrieller Lohnarbeit gelernt werden muß und welche Bedeutung solche Lernformen für den einzelnen Industriearbeiter haben. Dies wird insbesondere an den Positionen von Fricke und Lempert diskutiert. Hierbei zeigt sich, wie eine spezifische Verengung des Arbeitsbegriffs sich in eine ebenso spezifische Verengung des Lernbegriffs fortsetzt. Vorgeschlagen wird nun, den Begriff „Arbeitsbiographie“, nicht aber allein die momentan gerade ausgeführte Arbeitstätigkeit zum konzeptionellen Bezugspunkt zu wählen. Nur so läßt sich auch empirisch der lebensgeschichtliche Kontext erfassen, in dem sich Lernprozesse mit Arbeitstätigkeit, Beruf und eigener Arbeitskraft subjektiv immer auch einordnen lassen müssen. Dies wird am Beispiel des TTS-Gießers demonstriert.
Segregation, Mobilität und die Chancen auf dem Wohnungsmarkt. Eine empirische Untersuchung in Mannheim
Authors: Ipsen Detlev 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel versucht, durch empirische Untersuchungen nachzuweisen, daß der Wohnungsmarkt in Teilmärkte gegliedert ist, die eine jeweils schichtspezifische Chance auf dem Wohnungsmarkt definieren. Segregation, Mobilität und Mobilitätsbarrieren sind die sozialen Prozesse, durch die spezifische Teilmärkte gebildet werden und die somit miteinander eine soziale Überformung ökonomischer Prozesse bewirken.
Wie autonom ist der autonome Sektor? Zum Verhältnis von Staat und freigemeinnütziger Wohlfahrtspflege bei der Umstrukturierung ambulanter Pflegedienste
Authors: Dahme Heinz-Jürgen , Hegner Friedhart 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
Mit Bezug auf die Daseinsvorsorge im Sozial- und Gesundheitsbereich bieten sich prinzipiell folgende Alternativen zu staatlichen Aktivitäten an: individuelle Selbsthilfe und soziale Selbstorganisation Problembetroffener sowie Leistungs- oder Dienstangebote durch private Unternehmen und durch freigemeinnützige Träger der Wohlfahrtspflege. Am Beispiel ambulanter Pflegedienste für Kranke, Altersschwache und Behinderte wird in diesem Artikel die Frage untersucht, wie leistungsfähig kirchliche und verbandliche Träger der freien Wohlfahrtspflege sind und in welchem Umfang sie zur Wahrnehmung ihrer Aufgaben auf staatliche Unterstützung angewiesen sind. Des weiteren wird am Beispiel der Konzipierung und Implementation staatlicher Förderrichtlinien für „Sozialstationen“ dargestellt, auf welche Weise Bundesländer und Kommunen einerseits sowie organisierte „gesellschaftliche Kräfte“ (Kirchen, Verbände) andererseits bei der Entdeckung, Definition und Bearbeitung eines sozialen Problems („Pflegenotstand“) kooperieren. Die empirischen Untersuchungsergebnisse werden unter Bezug auf aktuelle Theoriediskussionen interpretiert: beispielsweise Neo-Korporatismus, Implementationsforschung, politischökonomische Sektortheorien (“third sector”, „autonomer Sektor“).
Abstimmungsmacht, politische Distanzen und Abstimmungskoalitionen zwischen den Fraktionen im Europäischen Parlament
Authors: Rattinger Hans 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
Nach der Direktwahl des Europäischen Parlaments wird eine Erweiterung seiner Kompetenzen verlangt. Damit würde die politische Bedeutung der Kräfteverhältnisse zwischen seinen Fraktionen zunehmen. Zur Untersuchung ihrer Abstimmungsgewichte wird die spieltheoretische Machtverteilungsanalyse verwandt, die aber modifiziert werden muß, um die politischen Affinitäten zwischen den Parlamentsfraktionen berücksichtigen zu können. Eine Umfrage unter den Abgeordneten des Europäischen Parlaments erlaubt es, die Verteilung von Abstimmungsmacht zwischen den Fraktionen realitätsnah zu bewerten, die Strukturen des Parlaments räumlich darzustellen und Prognosen für zukünftige politische Bündnisse zwischen seinen Fraktionen abzuleiten.