bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singing Utopia
Authors: Macpherson Ben 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Singing Utopia offers an original and provocative account of singing voices in musical theatre. It listens to extraordinary voices across fifteen case studies, from Florodora to Hadestown, and hears an emotional and situational directness—a utopian sound which seems to escape the mundanity of everyday life. Yet, the very idea of the utopian is paradoxical, fraught with undercurrents of nostalgia, melancholy, and the perpetual threat of the dystopian. Singing Utopia also explores these facets and considers what it means for a musical to give voice to an imagined world which is always a contradiction in terms. Exploring who gets to inhabit such a world and who may be excluded, the book draws on a diverse range of disciplinary approaches from voice studies and musicology to literary studies and ethnography. It examines the political potentials and paradoxes of musical theatre vocality in relation to class, race, gender, and culture. In doing so, Singing Utopia examines current ways of listening to and analysing voice and at the same time moves beyond them to develop a series of new terms, including ‘decadent appropriation’, ‘simuloquism’, two kinds of ‘voiceworld’, and three new approaches to the chorus and ensemble. Together, these offer readers a new set of tools for listening to voice in musical theatre, with further applications to other fields.
Introduction
Authors: Macpherson Ben 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The introductory chapter of Singing Utopia establishes the centrality of voice as an agent of meaning and affective experience in musical theatre performance. Drawing on dramatic and literary theory, cultural studies, and philosophy, the chapter examines the complex status of musical theatre as a middlebrow form in popular culture; its peculiar place in the academy; its capacity to borrow and subsume diverse musical and vocal styles as part of its aesthetic; and broader historical tensions between language and sound in Western critical thinking about voice. The chapter introduces utopian theory as a way to re-evaluate how we listen to voice in musical theatre. It proposes a method for negotiating tensions of status, style, language, and sound in musical theatre vocality, and concludes by outlining the book as a whole.
Reaffirmation and Rupture
Authors: Macpherson Ben 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter establishes a cultural distinction between the vocal styles in opera and musical theatre beyond technical or pedagogic differences. Using terminology from utopian theory, the chapter first listens to voice in opera and hears in its cultivated aesthetic an ‘ideology’ of metaphysics, encoded with transcendent ideals of ancient civilizations and universal myths of gods and demigods. This ideology served to perpetuate notions of elitism for the nouveau riche in nineteenth-century America, as opera was confirmed as a highbrow genre, in parallel with its royal patronage in Great Britain. However, the contemporaneous arrival of early musical comedy during the same period presented a utopian ‘rupture’ to such ideals, in its implied dissatisfaction with the present. The second part of this chapter explores the development of musical comedy, tracing its roots through lowbrow entertainment forms such as vaudeville and music hall, as well as its dilution of highbrow vocal aesthetics from opera via operetta. The chapter identifies a vernacular quality in musical comedy and later musical theatre, which rejects or recasts the metaphysical values of opera. In other words, the move towards a more popular vocal style is a ‘rupture’ which is understood as a utopian act.
Two Voiceworlds, Three Choralities
Authors: Macpherson Ben 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship between communities, individuals, and the possibility of singing utopia in musical theatre. Listening to three musicals—The Arcadians (1909), Company (1970), and Hadestown (2018)—the chapter introduces two new concepts. First, listening to ‘macro-voiceworlds’ reimagines choruses and ensembles as three unique kinds of ‘choralities’ which are defined and explored throughout. Second, the concept of ‘micro-voiceworlds’ gives attention to small group performances such as trios, duets, and solo voices, listening to the ways in which emotions such as melancholy and empathy may be utopian and even dystopian. The chapter integrates ideas from the social sciences, literary theory, and anthropology to shed light on the intricate interplay, paradoxes, and potential limitations of individuals and communities in their desire to sing utopia.
Responsibility and Desert
Authors: McKenna Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Responsibility and Desert advances a conversational theory of moral responsibility that relies upon desert as the normative basis for blame and punishment. A conversational theory understands the relationship between a blameworthy wrongdoer and those who hold her to account by blaming to be similar to the relationship between competent speakers engaged in a conversational exchange. Blame can therefore be appraised for being meaningful as a reply to a culpable party’s conduct. But meaningfulness alone is inadequate to justify blame and punishment. Might one appeal to fairness, reasonableness, or just utility? Perhaps. But desert is widely regarded as the proper basis for blame and punishment. Well, is it? Responsibility and Desert explores just what desert is within the domain of moral responsibility when conceptualized within the framework of the conversational theory. It does not offer an unqualified defense, but it does offer a best case for treating desert as the proper basis for the communicative character of blame and punishment. To do so, familiar challenges to desert and retribution are taken up. Does deserved blame and punishment commit us to the noninstrumental goodness of harms to the blameworthy and criminally culpable? Is this mere vengeance? Does it also commit us to extremely harsh treatment in response to extremely egregious wrongdoing? Responsibility and Desert does not shy away from accepting hard truths about appeal to desert, but it does show that many of the most damning indictments of it are misguided.
Fittingness as a Pitiful Intellectualist Trinket?
Authors: McKenna Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter scrutinizes P. F. Strawson’s disparaging remark that the fittingness that libertarians appeal to is a pitiful intellectualist trinket. By accounting for fittingness as philosophers like Joel Feinberg understood it, it is argued that Strawson actually needed fittingness, when understood as a distinctive normative appraisal of emotions like resentment and indignation. Resentment is fitting, on a properly cast Strawsonian view, when an agent is accurately appraised as acting from ill will. If so, one can raise questions about the properties of the objects of these emotions, and a natural one that some will contend is required for resentment to be fitting is whether an agent who acted with ill will did so freely. If this is correct, Strawson still faces questions about the metaphysics of free will that libertarians took seriously. This is especially so once one comes to see that desert is a species of fittingness, one that requires free will for deserved blame and punishment.
Guilt and Self-Blame
Authors: McKenna Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An apparent problem for explaining guilt and self-blame within the resources of a conversational theory is that to blame oneself, or to feel fitting guilt, one does not need to interact with oneself on analogy with conversing with another. Earlier efforts to explain both attempted to do so. In this chapter, it is argued that guilt and self-blame can be explained with the resources of the conversational theory by treating both as the kind of response other-directed blamers seek, at least in paradigmatic cases. A complication for this proposal is that self-blame and guilt are treated as distinct but related phenomena—one can experience guilt and not blame oneself, and one can blame oneself and not experience guilt—so each needs to be accounted for separately.
The Attenuated Role of the Hostile Emotions
Authors: McKenna Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter rejects two theses. The essentialist thesis holds that the reactive attitude of anger, in the form of resentment and indignation, is essential to other-regarding directed blame. The hostility thesis holds that anger deployed in the service of holding responsible is benighted because it is unjustifiably hostile and so deleterious of flourishing; it is better expunged or suppressed. But it is argued that the essentialist thesis is false because it is possible that there are emotionless beings that engage in accountability practices of holding members of a community to account. It is also argued that the emotion of anger only plays an objectionable role in our responsibility practices when not tempered by other virtues of moral agents, like compassion. Following Daphne Brandenburg, it is argued that a nurturing stance can apply to all morally responsible agents in a way consistent with holding responsible by blaming and punishing in ways that do express anger.
Wimpy Retributivism and the Promise of Moral Influence Theories
Authors: McKenna Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Grant that the conversational theory makes room for a minimal form of retributivism, one that only renders deserved comparatively mild forms of blame and punishment. Even granting this, a cautious advocate of a basic desert conception of blame and punishment might find compelling reasons to refrain from blaming and punishing. This might lead one from minimal to wimpy retributivism. One reason for this arises from our epistemic uncertainty as to whether wrongdoers act with free will; if they do not, they do not deserve blame or punishment. Another arises from the risk that we might punish too harshly. Do these reasons force the retributivist to quietism? In this chapter, it is argued that moral influence theories of responsibility can be used as a supplement rather than a competitor to a basic desert-based theory, thereby supplying even the wimpy retributivist with resources to justify blame and punishment.
The Signaling Theory of Blame as a Competitor Proposal
Authors: McKenna Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
David Shoemaker and Manuel Vargas have recently developed a signaling theory of blame according to which, what people are most fundamentally doing when they blame others is signaling to members of a moral community their allegiance and commitment to the enforcement of certain norms. Shoemaker and Vargas offer their theory as a competitor to communicative theories when cast in functionalist terms. In this appendix, it is argued that, when cast as a competitor proposal, the conversational theory fares better than the signaling theory. However, properly qualified, there is reason to think that the signaling theory is a natural ally of the conversational theory.
Epilogue
Authors: Hedges Brown Julie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Epilogue describes a recent performance of a movement from Schumann’s A-major string quartet in the Grand Canyon, near the banks of the Colorado River. This performance occurred as part of a music-themed river-rafting trip, with both professional and amateur musicians playing the quartet; the audience comprised river guides, clients, and “accidental” listeners. This scene captures overarching themes of the book. It provides an alternative framework in which to hear Schumann’s music, and it involves a diversity of listeners, some of whom used their experience to forge new paths in their lives—a bridging of different time spans. The natural imagery of this scene also complements one discussed in Chapter 2, with a mountainous summit replaced by canyon descent, and a composer-centric perspective replaced by listener-based ones. The Colorado River—which facilitated this performance—itself serves as a “great stream of time” since it moves through ever-older basement rocks at certain points (including ones approaching half the age of the Earth), and newer ones at other points. In knitting together different points in geologic time, the river thus serves as a fitting vehicle for bringing together the music of “old” composers with newer audiences in the present day.
Clinical Impact of 3- Vs. 5-Minute Delay and 30- Vs. 60-Second Intervals on Unattended Automated Office Blood Pressure Measurements
Authors: Lynn-Green Erika E , Cluett Jennifer L , Turkson-Ocran Ruth-Alma N , Mukamal Kenneth J , Li Jonathan X , Juraschek Stephen P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Guidelines advise automated office blood pressure (AOBP) with an initial 5-minute delay and multiple measurements at least 60 seconds apart. Recent studies suggest that AOBP may be accurate with shorter delays or intervals, but evidence in clinical settings is limited.

METHODS
Patients referred to 1 hypertension (HTN) center underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and 1 of 4 nonrandomized, unattended AOBP protocols: a 3- or 5-minute delay with a 30- or 60-second interval, i.e., 3 min/30 s/30 s, 3/60/60, 5/30/30 and 5/60/60 protocols. HTN was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg.

RESULTS
We compared differences in mean blood pressure and HTN classification between average AOBP and awake-time ABPM by t-tests and Fisher’s exact test. Among 212 participants (mean 58.9 years, 61% women, 25% Black), there was substantial overlap in the probability distributions of awake-time ABPM and each of the 3 AOBP measures. SBP means were similar between the 5/60/60 and 3/30/30 protocols and 5/30/30 and 3/60/60 protocols. The 5/30/30 was associated with a higher proportion of systolic HTN, while the 3/60/60 protocol was associated with a higher proportion of diastolic HTN. There were no significant differences in systolic or diastolic HTN between 5/60/60 and 3/30/30 protocols with respect to awake-time ABPM.

CONCLUSIONS
In this quality improvement study, the shortest AOBP protocol did not differ significantly from the longest protocol. The time savings of shorter protocols may improve AOBP adoption in clinical practice without meaningfully compromising accuracy.
Interaction between anthropogenic stressors affects antipredator defense in an intertidal crustacean
Authors: Coles Laura , Tregenza Tom , Stevens Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The marine environment is increasingly subject to changes driven by anthropogenic stressors which may alter species’ key behaviors and impact phenotypic plasticity. Such stressors rarely occur in isolation, yet our understanding of how simultaneous stresses affect marine organisms is limited. Here, we study the combined impacts of a major global stressor, temperature increase, and a local stressor, anthropogenic noise, upon key defensive traits of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas. We tested the color change and behavioral responses of crabs in relatively colder and warmer water, and in the presence of natural ambient or ship noise. Using image analysis and a model of predator vision, we demonstrate that crabs change color, and improve camouflage, fastest in warmer water in the absence of anthropogenic noise. When anthropogenic noise was present, it adversely impacted crab color change and camouflage, to the extent that the accelerated change due to temperature was negated. In addition, anthropogenic noise affected C. maenas’ behavior, reducing the likelihood and increasing the latency of antipredator response to stimuli. This reveals an interaction between the 2 stressors, with the combination of temperature and noise eliciting different biological responses compared with the effects of each stressor in isolation. Our study demonstrates how such interactions between anthropogenic stressors may impact marine life.
The relational modeling of hierarchical data in biodiversity databases
Authors: Novotný Petr , Wild Jan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The unifying element of all biodiversity data is the issue of taxon hierarchy modeling. We compared 25 existing databases in terms of handling taxa hierarchy and presentation of this data. We used documentation or demo installations of databases as a source of information and next in line was the analysis of structures using R packages provided by inspected platforms. If neither of these was available, we used the public interface of individual databases. For almost half (12) of the databases analyzed, we did not find any formalized taxa hierarchy data structure, providing only biological information about taxon membership in higher ranks, which is not fully formalizable and thus not generally usable. The least effective Adjacency List model (storing parentId of a taxon) dominates among the remaining providers. This study demonstrates the lack of attention paid by current biodiversity databases to modeling taxon hierarchy, particularly to making it available to researchers in the form of a hierarchical data structure within the data provided. For biodiversity relational databases, the Closure Table type is the most suitable of the known data models, which also corresponds to the ontology concept. However, its use is rather sporadic within the biodiversity databases ecosystem.
Gender inequality and occupational segregation in white-collar jobs in the early “quiet revolution”: new evidence from the wages of Swedish teachers (c. 1890)
Authors: Cappelli Gabriele , Westberg Johannes 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The relationship between gender inequality and occupational segregation is a fascinating puzzle. New microdata on all primary school teachers in Sweden in c. 1890 show that the gender wage gap in the profession was 10 percent when holding observable features constant, and occupational segregation was strong. Women worked in minor and junior schools receiving low wages—yet higher than those paid in other occupations, while men mostly taught in regular primary schools that paid competitive wages for men. Gender wage inequality and occupational segregation were the price for the feminization of schooling, i.e., part of the Swedish “quiet revolution.”
Error mitigation in forensic handwriting examination: the examiner’s perspective
Authors: Crown Nicole , Marquis Raymond , Kupferschmid Erich , Dziedzic Tomasz , Belic Diana , Kerzan Dorijan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Like other pattern recognition disciplines, forensic handwriting examination relies on various human factors. Expert opinions in the field are based on visual analysis and comparison, and the evaluation of findings is generally conducted without reference to tabulated data. This high level of subjectivity may contribute to bias and error in the examination process. In this paper, we draw on our research and practical experience to discuss error mitigation on several levels, addressing both aspects of quality management and the individual responsibility of examiners. Because a good understanding of the concept of error is needed to communicate appropriately about this subject, definitions of error-related concepts are provided. We consider contextual information management essential to reduce the potential for cognitive bias in casework. To ensure completeness of findings and avoid omission errors, the use of checklists during a forensic handwriting examination is encouraged, and an exemplary checklist incorporating all the examination steps is provided. We consider the use of a logical reasoning approach to evaluate findings an important step towards robustness and transparency in the examiner’s report. An independent, blinded peer review of the examination is recommended as a further key step in error mitigation. Regular participation in testing programmes and continuous training and education are essential to maintaining and improving competency at both individual and organizational levels. Finally, developments in the form of tabulated data and the use of algorithms are considered useful ways of increasing objectivity in the field and minimizing human error.
The Blame Game: The Role of Media Environments and Political Discussion in Americans’ Attribution of Blame for Interparty Hostility
Authors: Zichettella Brianna , Weeks Brian E , Hasell Ariel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Polarization and hostility between political parties is a dominant feature of politics in the United States and is growing in many other democracies worldwide. Yet, there remain questions of who the public blames for this hostility and how those attributions of blame emerge. This study examines the role of partisan strength, political media exposure, and political discussion on blame for partisan hostility. Analyses of survey data (YouGov) collected during the 2020 U.S. presidential election suggest that political discussions play a particularly strong role in shaping attributions of blame, while partisan strength and political media exposure are relatively less influential. The data also indicate that who one talks to about politics matters for placing blame, as conversations with like-minded partisans lead to more blame placed on the out-party and less blame on the in-party, whereas political discussions with people who hold different views can temper out-party blame. Overall, findings suggest that political discussion may matter more than political media exposure for attributions of blame for partisan hostility.
Intra-tumoral delivery of 5ʹppp-dsRNA induces a robust antitumor response via RIG-I activation and Bcl-2 gene downregulation in a murine model of prostate cancer
Authors: Ganguly Kasturi , Metkari Siddhanath M , Biswas Barnali , Subedi Rambhadur , Madan Taruna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Onco-immunotherapy via blocking checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment-landscape of several malignancies, though not in the metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) owing to an immunosuppressive and poorly immunogenic “cold” tumor microenvironment (TME). Turning up the heat of such a cold TME via triggering innate immunity is now of increasing interest to restore immune-surveillance. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are cytosolic innate-sensors that can detect exogenous RNAs and induce type-I interferons and other pro-inflammatory signaling. RIG-I activation is suggested to be a valuable addition to the treatment approaches for several cancers. However, the knowledge about RIG-I signaling in PCa remains elusive. The present study evaluated the expression of two important RLRs, RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), along with their downstream partners, mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) and ERA G-protein-like 1 (ERAL1), during PCa progression in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. The early stage of PCa revealed a significant increment in the expression of RLRs but not MAVS. However, the advanced stage showed downregulated RLR signaling. Further, the therapeutic implication of 5ʹppp-dsRNA, a synthetic RIG-I agonist and Bcl2 gene silencer, has been investigated in vitro and in vivo. Intra-tumoral delivery of 5ʹppp-dsRNA regressed tumor growth via triggering tumor cell apoptosis, immunomodulation, and inducing phagocytic “eat me” signals. These findings highlight that, for the first time, RIG-I activation and Bcl-2 silencing with 5ʹppp-dsRNA can serve as a potent tumor-suppressor strategy in PCa and has a significant clinical implication in transforming a “cold” TME into an immunogenic “hot” TME of PCa.