bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase and antigenic variation govern competition dynamics through positioning in bacterial colonies
Authors: Zöllner Robert , Oldewurtel Enno R. , Kouzel Nadzeya , Maier Berenike 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCellular positioning towards the surface of bacterial colonies and biofilms can enhance dispersal, provide a selective advantage due to increased nutrient and space availability, or shield interior cells from external stresses. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that govern bacterial positioning. Using the type IV pilus (T4P) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, we tested the hypothesis that the processes of phase and antigenic variation govern positioning and thus enhance bacterial fitness in expanding gonococcal colonies. By independently tuning growth rate and T4P-mediated interaction forces, we show that the loss of T4P and the subsequent segregation to the front confers a strong selective advantage. Sequencing of the major pilin gene of the spatially segregated sub-populations and an investigation of the spatio-temporal population dynamics was carried out. Our findings indicate that pilin phase and antigenic variation generate a standing variation of pilin sequences within the inoculation zone, while variants associated with a non-piliated phenotype segregate to the front of the growing colony. We conclude that tuning of attractive forces by phase and antigenic variation is a powerful mechanism for governing the dynamics of bacterial colonies.
Host genetic background influences diverse neurological responses to viral infection in mice
Authors: Brinkmeyer-Langford Candice L. , Rech Raquel , Amstalden Katia , Kochan Kelli J. , Hillhouse Andrew E. , Young Colin , Welsh C. Jane , Threadgill David W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInfection by Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is a model for neurological outcomes caused by virus infection because it leads to diverse neurological conditions in mice, depending on the strain infected. To extend knowledge on the heterogeneous neurological outcomes caused by TMEV and identify new models of human neurological diseases associated with antecedent infections, we analyzed the phenotypic consequences of TMEV infection in the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population. We evaluated 5 different CC strains for outcomes of long-term infection (3 months) and acute vs. early chronic infection (7 vs. 28 days post-infection), using neurological and behavioral phenotyping tests and histology. We correlated phenotypic observations with haplotypes of genomic regions previously linked to TMEV susceptibility to test the hypothesis that genomic diversity within CC mice results in variable disease phenotypes in response to TMEV. None of the 5 strains analyzed had a response identical to that of any other CC strain or inbred strain for which prior data are available, indicating that strains of the CC can produce novel models of neurological disease. Thus, CC strains can be a powerful resource for studying how viral infection can cause different neurological outcomes depending on host genetic background.
Smartphone based optical spectrometer for diffusive reflectance spectroscopic measurement of hemoglobin
Authors: Edwards Perry , Zhang Chenji , Zhang Baigang , Hong Xiangqian , Nagarajan Vivek K. , Yu Bing , Liu Zhiwen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report a miniature, visible to near infrared G-Fresnel spectrometer that contains a complete spectrograph system, including the detection hardware and connects with a smartphone through a microUSB port for operational control. The smartphone spectrometer is able to achieve a resolution of ~5 nm in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 1000 nm. We further developed a diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system using the smartphone spectrometer and demonstrated the capability of hemoglobin measurement. Proof of concept studies of tissue phantoms yielded a mean error of 9.2% on hemoglobin concentration measurement, comparable to that obtained with a commercial benchtop spectrometer. The smartphone G-Fresnel spectrometer and the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system can potentially enable new point-of-care opportunities, such as cancer screening.
The effect of hydrophobic alkyl chain length on the mechanical properties of latex particle hydrogels
Authors: Gao Yang , Duan Lijie , Guan Shuang , Gao Guanghui , Cheng Ya , Ren Xiuyan , Wang Yuanrui 
Published: September 2017

The hydrogels with optimal alkyl segments reinforced by LPs exhibited the maximum fracture stress of 1.2 MPa and elongation of 2336%.
Heart Team: Joint Position of the Swiss Society of Cardiology and the Swiss Society of Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Pedrazzini Giovanni , Ferrari Enrico , Zellweger Michael , Genoni Michele 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Swiss Society of Cardiology (SSC) and the Swiss Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery (SSCTVS) have formulated their mutual intent of a close, patient-oriented, and expertise-based collaboration in the Heart Team Paper. The interdisciplinary dialogue between the SSC and SSCTVS reflects an attitude in decision making, which guarantees the best possible therapy for the individual patient. At the same time, it is a cornerstone of optimized process quality, placing individual interests into the background.Evaluation of the correct indication for a treatment is indeed very challenging and almost impossible to verify retrospectively. Quality in this very important health policy process can therefore only be assured by the use of mutually recognized indications, agreed upon by all involved physicians and medical specialties, whereby the capacity of those involved in the process is not important but rather their competence.These two medical societies recognize their responsibility and have incorporated international guidelines as well as specified regulations for Switzerland. Former competitors now form an integrative consulting team able to deliver a comprehensive evaluation for patients. Naturally, implementation rests with the individual caregiver. The Heart Team Paperof the SGK and SGHC, has defined guide boards within which the involved specialists maintain sufficient room to maneuver, and patients have certainty of receiving the best possible therapy they require.
Kontakt zum Inneren
Authors: Dörflinger Rupert 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Herausforderung Empathie Ist die psychiatrische Pflege ein Ort für Empathie? Dieser – auf den ersten Blick – ungewöhnlichen Frage geht
unser Autor nach und reflektiert die Situation, die wir in der Psychiatrie vorfinden: Den pflegerischen Alltag, in dem Empathie gefordert
wird, ihren Ort in der Behandlung und die spezifische Herausforderung, die hier stattfindet.
Fehlende Information – moralisch vertretbar?
Authors: Boller Janina 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Protokoll systemische Fallbesprechung Im zweiten Teil unserer Serie stellen wir Ihnen den Fall einer schwangeren, schizophrenen
Patientin vor, der das Pflegeteam emotional sehr berührt hat und der deutlich macht, wie wichtig eine gute Kommunikation zwischen
Pflegenden, Ärzten und Patienten ist. Auch hier möchten wir Sie wieder einladen, sich selbst in die verschiedenen Rollen hineinzuversetzen.
Fallen Ihnen weitere Lösungswege ein? Dann schreiben Sie uns an psych.pflegeheute@thieme.de.
Wenn der Akku leer ist
Authors: Schüllermann-Epmann Thomas , Stumpf Mareike , Schaller Sandy 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Stress im Pflegeberuf Fühlen Sie sich nach Dienstschluss häufig ausgepowert? Dann geht es Ihnen wie vielen Ihrer Kollegen, die unter
den oft stressigen Arbeitsbedingungen in der Pflege leiden. Die Gefahr, dadurch auf Dauer psychisch oder physisch beeinträchtigt zu werden,
ist groß. Wir stellen Ihnen die Faktoren vor, die zu Stress am Arbeitsplatz führen können und geben Tipps, wie Sie Ihre Akkus wieder
aufladen.
Auf den Spuren der Empathie
Authors: Dörflinger Rupert 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Stationen einer Diskussion Woher stammt der Begriff Empathie, wie wurde empathisches Verhalten im Lauf der Zeit erklärt und wie ist
die aktuelle Diskussionslage? Unser Autor hat sich auf die Spuren des Phänomens Empathie begeben und gibt Einblicke in Fragestellungen der
Philosophie, Psychologie und Neurobiologie. Den Anfang macht die Einfühlung in Gegenstände und Formen.
Komposite im werkstoffkundlichen Vergleich – Hinweise für den Praktiker
Authors: Neubauer Johannes , Rzanny Angelika , Göbel Roland , Fachet Mario , Küpper Harald 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungZiel der Arbeit war es, werkstoffkundliche Eigenschaften aktueller nanotechnologisch optimierter Komposite vergleichend zu untersuchen. Dabei wurden in vitro Biegefestigkeit und Elastizitätsmodul, Härte, Verfärbungsneigung, Abrasionsfestigkeit, Wasseraufnahme, Polymerisationsschrumpfung, Durchhärtetiefe und Röntgenopazität bestimmt. Es zeigte sich ein qualitativ hohes Niveau aller Komposite. Jedoch ergaben sich teilweise große Unterschiede zwischen einzelnen Produkten. Daraus schlussfolgernd ist eine gewissenhafte Materialauswahl zu treffen, um langlebige und ästhetisch ansprechende Restaurationen zu garantieren.
Reproducibility (Reliability and Agreement) of Post-exercise Hypotension
Authors: Fecchio Rafael , Chehuen Marcel , Brito Leandro , Peçanha Tiago , Queiroz Andréia , de Moraes Forjaz Claudia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study determined the reproducibility of post-exercise hypotension (PEH) calculated by the following methods: PEH_I=post-exercise BP − pre-exercise BP; PEH_II=post-exercise BP − post-control BP; and PEH_III=[(post-exercise BP − pre-exercise BP)−(post-control BP − pre-control BP)]. Twenty-five participants underwent four sessions divided in two blocks (test and retest). Each block consisted of one exercise and one control session. BP pressure was measured before and after the interventions. The presence of systematic error (paired t-tests), reliability [intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC)], and agreement [typical error (TE) and minimal detectable difference (MDD)] were evaluated. PEHs calculated by the three methods were similar between test and retest. For systolic PEH, ICC was>0.74, TE ranged from 2.6 to 4.6 mmHg and MDD from 7.2 to 12.8 mmHg for the three methods. For diastolic PEH, ICC was<0.48, TE ranged from 3.5 to 5.6 mmHg and MDD from 9.8 to 15.4 mmHg for the three methods. Thus, systolic PEH calculated by the three methods has good/excellent reliability, while diastolic PEH has fair/poor reliability. Regarding agreement, TE and MDD varied among the methods, which implies that the specific parameters given for each method should be used to estimate sample sizes for studies and the minimal individual difference considered real when comparing PEHs.
Impairment of GH/IGF-1 Axis in the Liver of Patients with HCV-Related Chronic Hepatitis
Authors: Carotti Simone , Guarino Michele , Valentini Francesco , Porzio Silvio , Vespasiani-Gentilucci Umberto , Perrone Giuseppe , Zingariello Maria , Gallo Paolo , Cicala Michele , Picardi Antonio , Morini Sergio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractResistance to the action of growth hormone (GH) frequently complicates liver cirrhosis, while, physiologically, the activation of GH receptor (GHR) determines phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-5 and the consequent induction of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) expression. The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 negatively regulates this intracellular cascade. We aimed to evaluate the hepatic expression of the GH/IGF-1 axis components in the liver of patients with HCV-related chronic hepatitis at different fibrosis stages. The expression of GH/IGF-1 axis components, such as GHR, IGF-1, STAT5-p, and SOCS-3, was assessed by immunohistochemistry at the lobular level in 61 patients with HCV-related hepatitis. At the hepatocyte level, IGF-1 and nuclear STAT5-p positivity scores showed negative correlations with fibrosis stage, while SOCS-3 score a positive one (p<0.05 for all). Furthermore, the reduction of hepatocyte score of IGF-1 expression was associated with the serological parameters of liver damage (p<0.05) and with the increase of the score of IGF-1 expression by hepatic stellate cells (p<0.05). IGF-1 expression by hepatocytes was reduced with fibrosis progression, probably due to the impairment of GHR intracellular cascade by the SOCS-3 activation already in pre-cirrhotic stages. The inverse correlation between IGF-1 expressed by hepatocytes and by hepatic stellate cells suggests that IGF-1 may exert specific functions in different hepatic cells.
Leader metaphors in Ekegusii language
Authors: Onchoke Aunga Solomon , Wen Xu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis is a cognitive linguistic study of a cultural-specific metaphor of a leader in Ekegusii, an African Bantu language in Kenya. A descriptive research design was used whereby the natives were asked to identify and explain the Ekegusii leader metaphorical terms and phrases, describe the social cultural values and to account for the cognitive mapping processes involved. The data collected were analyzed using the Cognitive Metaphor Theory (CMT) ofLakoff and Johnson (1980). The results show that a leader in Ekegusii is conceptualized as a plant, animal, object or the behavior the leader exhibits (also act as X domains). It was also found out that context, values, attitude of the speaker and cultural knowledge play a major role in interpreting and understanding Ekegusii leader metaphors. The study concludes by suggesting further research of metaphors in African and other languages to enable comparisons.
Compiling a cognition-based thematic monolingual lexicon
Authors: Abdelzaher Esra’ Moustafa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study falls within the scope of cognitive lexicography which uses cognitive linguistic theories in lexicographic practice. The main objective of the study is to create a cognition-based monolingual thematic lexicon. The lexicon tests the validity of using cognitive linguistics, which uses language to reveal the human perception of a concept, in defining controversial multidisciplinary concepts. To that end, violence is selected as a case study and FrameNet is recruited as a cognitive linguistic resource. Cambridge Smart Thesaurus and WordNet are used as secondary resources to FrameNet. English TenTen corpus is employed to authenticate the findings before placing them in the lexicon. A twelve-frame lexicon is the result of the study. The constructed lexicon linguistically includes more than 250 violence-expressing word senses, defined and placed within their violence-associated frames. Some frames are cited from FrameNet without modification, while others are conceptually and linguistically modified. More important, some violence-specific frames are newly-reported. Evidently, studying how physical violence is linguistically expressed displays how the concept is structured in the human cognition. Thus, an empirical cognition-based definition of violence is suggested. This meets the challenge of the multiple sociological, psychological, political and criminological definitions. Moreover, a comprehensive definition of violence is recommended to include both its associated frames and expressing words.
Organisational change, ideologies and mega discourses
Authors: Huang Vincent Guangsheng 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Mega discourses, as discourses recognised and espoused at the broader societal level, enact the taken-for-granted premises governing an organisational sector. The dominant power can designate the value, norm and moral duty of an organisational sector through manipulating such mega discourses. Conceptualised within critical discourse studies and Chinese discourse studies, this article assesses the official discourse of China’s third sector circulating in the policy documents, political speeches, and news media, illustrating how China’s authoritarian state utilises discursive strategies to articulate a new order of discourse of the third sector. It argues that such an alternative discursive ordering is significantly different from its western counterpart. The authoritarian state has strategically appropriated historical and cultural resources to legitimise such a “de-SMOisation” process, intending to insulate nongovernmental organisations from social movements. This study concludes with a discussion on the significance and implications of this third sector discourse.
027Using Clinical Audit to Improve Hip Fracture Care in Ireland: The Irish Hip Fracture Database
Authors: Brent Louise , Ahern Emer , Hurson Conor , Connolly Aisling 
Published: September 2017

Abtract
In 2016, 3,610 patients over the age of sixty were hospitalised with a hip fracture in Ireland. The acute hospital care costs are in excess of €45 million and growing. This doesn’t include the long term costs of rehabilitation, convalescence, community care and long term care.
The IHFD is a clinically led, web based audit of hip fracture casemix, care and outcomes. It is supported by the Irish Gerontological Society (IGS) and the Irish Institute of Trauma and Orthopaedics (IITOS) and the National Office of Clinical Audit (NOCA) provides governance and operational support for the IHFD. All sixteen eligible hospitals in the Republic of Ireland are included.
The most recent IHFD report 2015 published in 2016 is comprised of data from 2,962 hip fracture cases from 16 hospitals. The coverage of the data for 2015 was 81%. The mean length of stay was 20 days and the median length of stay was 13 days in 2015. The 2016 report will be published later this year. Preliminary data for 2016 shows the coverage has increased to 86.5%.
In the 2015 National report published in 2016 70% hip fractures were female, 83% patients were admitted from home and 48% were independently mobile, 37% fractures were intracapsular displaced, 36% of arthroplasties were cemented and 30% patients were discharged directly home. Thirty-nine percent (39%) of patients were reviewed by a geriatrician at any time during their admission. The proportion of patients being reviewed pre-operatively is 15%.
In 2017, the focus continues to be on improving data quality and increasing coverage nationally to 100% for all sites. To ensure all suspected hip fracture patients should be brought directly to the trauma operating hospital. Each hospital should establish a hip fracture working group to review and utilise the IHFD data locally to improve patient care.
RINspector: a Cytoscape app for centrality analyses and DynaMine flexibility prediction
Authors: Brysbaert Guillaume , Lorgouilloux Kevin , Vranken Wim F , Lensink Marc F 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Protein function is directly related to amino acid residue composition and the dynamics of these residues. Centrality analyses based on residue interaction networks permit to identify key residues in a protein that are important for its fold or function. Such central residues and their environment constitute suitable targets for mutagenesis experiments. Predicted flexibility and changes in flexibility upon mutation provide valuable additional information for the design of such experiments.

Results
We combined centrality analyses with DynaMine flexibility predictions in a Cytoscape app called RINspector. The app performs centrality analyses and directly visualizes the results on a graph of predicted residue flexibility. In addition, the effect of mutations on local flexibility can be calculated.

Availability and implementation
The app is publicly available in the Cytoscape app store.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
gandalf– Graphical Astrophysics code forN-body Dynamics And Lagrangian Fluids
Authors: Hubber D. A. , Rosotti G. P. , Booth R. A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGANDALF is a new hydrodynamics and N-body dynamics code designed for investigating planet formation, star formation and star cluster problems. GANDALF is written in c++, parallelized with both openmp and mpi and contains a python library for analysis and visualization. The code has been written with a fully object-oriented approach to easily allow user-defined implementations of physics modules or other algorithms. The code currently contains implementations of smoothed particle hydrodynamics, meshless finite-volume and collisional N-body schemes, but can easily be adapted to include additional particle schemes. We present in this paper the details of its implementation, results from the test suite, serial and parallel performance results and discuss the planned future development. The code is freely available as an open source project on the code-hosting website github at https://github.com/gandalfcode/gandalf and is available under the GPLv2 license.
The vertical structure of gaseous galaxy discs in cold dark matter haloes
Authors: Benítez-Llambay Alejandro , Navarro Julio F. , Frenk Carlos S. , Ludlow Aaron D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe study the vertical structure of polytropic centrifugally supported gaseous discs embedded in cold dark matter (CDM) haloes. At fixed radius, R, the shape of the vertical density profile depends weakly on whether the disc is self-gravitating (SG) or non-self-gravitating (NSG). The disc ‘characteristic’ thickness, zH, set by the midplane sound speed and circular velocity, zNSG = (cs/Vc)R, in the NSG case, and by the sound speed and surface density, $z_{\rm SG} = c_{\rm s}^2/G\Sigma$, in SG discs, is smaller than zSG and zNSG. SG discs are typically Toomre unstable, NSG discs are stable. Exponential discs in CDM haloes with roughly flat circular velocity curves ‘flare’ outwards. Flares in mono abundance or coeval populations in galaxies like the Milky Way are thus not necessarily due to radial migration. For the polytropic equation of state of the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) simulations, discs that match observational constraints are NSG for Md &lt; 3 × 109 M⊙ and SG at higher masses, if fully gaseous. We test these analytic results using a set of idealized smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations and find excellent agreement. Our results clarify the role of the gravitational softening on the thickness of simulated discs, and on the onset of radial instabilities. EAGLE low-mass discs are NSG so the softening plays no role in their vertical structure. High-mass discs are expected to be SG and unstable, and may be artificially thickened and stabilized unless gravity is well resolved. Simulations with spatial resolution high enough to not compromise the vertical structure of a disc also resolve the onset of their instabilities, but the converse is not true.
Improved Method for Injecting Fungal Inoculum into Corn Ears
Authors: Anderson N. R. , Ravellette J. D. , Wise K. A. 
Published: September 2017

Corn (Zea mays L.) ear rot pathogens reduce yield and grain quality annually, and research on these pathogens and their interactions with the host can require inoculation of fungal material into the ears. A new system of mechanically inoculating corn ears was designed using a hydration backpack and auto-filling vaccinator with a needle attached. The efficiency of the new system was compared to a previously established inoculation method using a manual syringe method with an 18-gauge blunt end needle attached to a 60-ml syringe, with inoculum carried in a plastic beaker. Inoculation methods were tested by comparing the time to inoculate 100 corn ears with separate conidial suspensions of Fusarium verticillioides and F. graminearum in a replicated field trial. The new mechanical inoculation system reduced inoculation time by 42% (P = 0.0015) when compared to the manual syringe and needle method. Additional benefits of the new method include reduced risk of inoculum contamination, consistent inoculum volume per ear, and increased safety for personnel doing the inoculations. Accepted for publication 25 June 2016. Published 21 July 2016.