bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farmer perception and utilization of leaf functional traits in managing agroecosystems
Authors: Isaac Marney E. , Cerda Rolando , Rapidel Bruno , Martin Adam R. , Dickinson Adam K. , Sibelet Nicole 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Using knowledge of leaf functional traits, such as those forming the leaf economics spectrum (LES), to understand plant responses to environmental change is well‐established and now being more widely applied to agroecosystems. Yet, little is known about how farm managers invoke leaf functional traits to inform management decisions.

The objectives of this research were to (1) evaluate whether farmers use knowledge of intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in LES traits (or trait proxies) of target crops as response indicators of management conditions; (2) determine whether LES trait values are ranked consistently among multiple farmers along a “Farmer Leaf Economics Spectrum” (FES); (3) evaluate how a FES corresponds to the LES; and (4) identify the farmer and farm attributes that best predict the agreement between the FES and the LES.

We collaborated with coffee (Coffea arabica) farmers in the Turrialba Valley, Costa Rica. We used a visual elicitation tool of fresh leaves along an intraspecific spectrum of leaf size, leaf thickness and leaf colour (as a proxy for leaf nutrients); respondents were asked to rank leaves in response to shade and nutrient scenarios as well as yield potential. On‐farm biophysical data, management practices and socio‐economic attributes were also collected.

The majority of farmers demonstrated a developed system of utilizing coffee leaf and whole‐plant ITV as indicators of management practices. Farmers managing smaller farms tended to more commonly acknowledge ITV in LES chemical–morphological traits, as compared to those managing large farms. The agreement between a respondent‐identified ranking of leaf thickness ITV as a function of light environment and an empirically defined thickness‐to‐light ranking was partially explained by farmers’ physical engagement with plants.

Synthesis and applications. In scientific literature, analyses of crop intraspecific trait variation have provided important insights into the mechanistic bases of multiple key agroecological processes. We demonstrate that farmers use crop leaf trait variation as an indicator to both evaluate management prescriptions and to initiate management actions including shade‐tree species selection and abundance, crop‐ and shade‐tree pruning regimes and fertilization treatments. These findings signify that functional traits represent a key nexus between scientific and local knowledge.
Timing of antibiotics in the management of community‐acquired sepsis: Can a randomised controlled trial of prehospital therapy provide answers?
Authors: Udy Andrew A , Smith Karen , Bernard Stephen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSignificant tension surrounds the application of antibiotics in suspected infection. Guidelines stress the importance of early empirical broad‐spectrum therapy, with select observational data suggesting inferior outcomes when this is delayed. In contrast, microbiological resistance is an ever increasing global problem, with many advocating for a more restricted, culture‐driven approach to antibiotic prescription. Controlled trial data are urgently needed, although many clinicians would find withholding of antibiotic therapy unethical. A trial of prehospital antibiotic administration (by paramedics) in patients with suspected sepsis would therefore provide crucial data, and go a long way to determining whether earlier empirical therapy does actually improve outcomes.
Estimating Floodwater Depths from Flood Inundation Maps and Topography
Authors: Cohen Sagy , Brakenridge G. Robert , Kettner Albert , Bates Bradford , Nelson Jonathan , McDonald Richard , Huang Yu‐Fen , Munasinghe Dinuke , Zhang Jiaqi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInformation on flood inundation extent is important for understanding societal exposure, water storage volumes, flood wave attenuation, future flood hazard, and other variables. A number of organizations now provide flood inundation maps based on satellite remote sensing. These data products can efficiently and accurately provide the areal extent of a flood event, but do not provide floodwater depth, an important attribute for first responders and damage assessment. Here we present a new methodology and a GIS‐based tool, the Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET), for estimating floodwater depth based solely on an inundation map and a digital elevation model (DEM). We compare the FwDET results against water depth maps derived from hydraulic simulation of two flood events, a large‐scale event for which we use medium resolution input layer (10 m) and a small‐scale event for which we use a high‐resolution (LiDAR; 1 m) input. Further testing is performed for two inundation maps with a number of challenging features that include a narrow valley, a large reservoir, and an urban setting. The results show FwDET can accurately calculate floodwater depth for diverse flooding scenarios but also leads to considerable bias in locations where the inundation extent does not align well with the DEM. In these locations, manual adjustment or higher spatial resolution input is required.
Latent autoimmune diabetes and limbic encephalitis with antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase
Authors: Popkirov Stoyan , Sebastian Seena , Ismail Fatme S. , Wellmer Jörg 
Published: November 2017

Highlights

Limbic encephalitis with antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase can occur in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult.
Autoimmune encephalitis should be considered when patients with autoimmune diabetes present with seizures and memory impairment.
New Fossil Liverworts from the Lower Cretaceous of Western Liaoning, China
Authors: GUO Caiqing , YAO Jianxin , ZHANG Jianwei , WU Pengcheng , LI Chengsen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSixteen liverwort specimens collected from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Huangbanjigou Village, Liaoning Province, China are studied in this work. The plants are thalloid and preserved in brown arenaceous mudstone as impressions. Based on examinations, the liverworts are assigned to two new genera and five new species: Riccardiothallus palmata sp. nov., Pallaviciniites stricta sp. nov., Pellites latithallus gen. et sp. nov., Conocephalumites hexagonites gen. et sp. nov. and Metzgerites multifidus sp. nov., belonging to five families and five genera. The fossil research indicates that the divergence of families, Aneuraceae and Metzgeriaceae, Pallaviciniaceae and Hymenophytaceae, Pelliaceae and Fossombroniaceae, was in the Lower Cretaceous (125 Ma). The research provides significant additions to the fossil liverwort records in Western Liaoning and offers fossil evidence for studying the classification and evolution of extant liverworts.
Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment and its Main Controlling Factors in Depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment and its Main Controlling Factors in Depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin
Authors: JIANG Youlu , LIU Hua , SONG Guoqi , WANG Yongshi , LIU Jingdong , ZHAO Kai , LYU Xueying 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSignificant differential hydrocarbon enrichment occurs in depressions in a petroliferous basin. There are multiple depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin, and each depression as a relatively independent unit of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, contains significantly different hydrocarbon generation conditions and enrichment degree. On the basis of previous documents and a large number of statistical data, this work comparatively analyzed the differential hydrocarbon enrichment and its major controlling factors in depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results show that depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin have various hydrocarbon enrichment degrees, and can be categorized into four types, namely enormously oil‐rich, oil‐rich, oily and oil‐poor depressions. In general, the enormously oil‐rich and oil‐rich depressions are distributed in the eastern part of the basin along the Tan–Lu and Lan–Liao faults, whereas depressions in the western part of the basin are poor in hydrocarbons. Moreover, the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons is also highly heterogeneous, with Pre‐Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the northern and western depressions, Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the entire basin, and Neogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the off‐shore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin. From early depressions in onshore areas to the late depressions in offshore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin, the source rocks and source‐reservoir‐cap rock assemblages gradually become younger and shallower, and the hydrocarbon resource abundance gradually increases. Hydrocarbon supplying condition is the key factor constraining the hydrocarbon enrichment for different depressions, while the main source‐reservoir‐cap rock assemblage, sufficient hydrocarbons and the transportation capacity of faults control the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons. The main factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment are different for different layers. The hydrocarbon supplying condition of source rocks is the key controlling factor, whereas the source‐reservoir configuration, the main source‐reservoir‐cap rock assemblages, and the fault transportation are the main factors of hydrocarbon enrichment in the Paleogene, Paleogene and Neogene, respectively.
A Mesozoic Pompeii: History of the Jehol Biota's Rise and Fall
Authors: SHAO Tiequan , ZHANG Hu , WANG Qi , LIU Yunhuan , ZHANG Yanan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Jehol fauna was initially represented by a bony fish, concostracan and an insect, as a Lycoptera davidi–Eosestheria–Ephemeropsis trisetalis association, but since the researches of recent decades, the Jehol Biota is now completely different from the past low‐diversity, and encompasses a native terrestrial biota that includes many well‐preserved vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. There are more than 20 important biological categories, thousands of taphonomically unusual fossils, especially noted for the wide variety of biological tissues. The Jehol Biota has caused a sensation in the world with its wide distribution, large quantity, great variety, fine preservation and detailed information, which records the rise and fall of the numerous taxa, and provides significant evidence for three origins: of birds, eutherian mammals, and angiosperms. The Jehol Biota is a highlight of basic scientific research in China, and we honor it as a world–class fossil treasury and “a Mesozoic Pompeii”.
The role of echocardiography in Kawasaki disease
Authors: McCrindle Brian W. , Cifra Barbara 
Published: November 2017

AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self‐limited vasculitis affecting young children. It can result in coronary artery abnormalities in a significant proportion of patients, especially if the diagnosis is missed or treatment gets delayed. Echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice for detection of coronary artery abnormalities and assessment of myocardial function. It is also useful for characterization and risk stratification of patients with KD. Echocardiography should be performed at the time of diagnosis and then again at 1–2 weeks and 4–6 weeks after treatment, for uncomplicated cases who do not have significant coronary artery involvement. Use of a standardized imaging protocol is necessary to detect and characterize coronary artery abnormalities, including standardization of measurements (Z scores). For patients with evolving abnormalities, more frequent assessment is necessary in order to detect thromboses in aneurysms. Long‐term prognosis and management is dependent on both the maximal and current Z scores of aneurysms. Patients with large or giant aneurysms (i.e., Z score ≥ 10) are at the highest risk of both thrombosis and stenosis. Such patients need careful follow‐up for subsequent cardiovascular events. Many of them would be candidates for advanced cardiovascular imaging and may require revascularization therapy. Serial echocardiography plays a key role in surveillance. In addition, stress echocardiography has proven useful as a modality to assess for inducible myocardial ischemia. Intravascular ultrasound has been recommended for functional and structural assessment of coronary arteries in children with KD.
Defining sepsis on the wards: results of a multi‐centre point‐prevalence study comparing two sepsis definitions
Authors: Szakmany T. , Pugh R. , Kopczynska M. , Lundin R. M. , Sharif B. , Morgan P. , Ellis G. , Abreu J. , Kulikouskaya S. , Bashir K. , Galloway L. , Al‐Hassan H. , Grother T. , McNulty P. , Seal S. T. , Cains A. , Vreugdenhil M. , Abdimalik M. , Dennehey N. , Evans G. , Whitaker J. , Beasant E. , Hall C. , Lazarou M. , Vanderpump C. V. , Harding K. , Duffy L. , Guerrier Sadler A. , Keeling R. , Banks C. , Ng S. W. Y. , Heng S. Y. , Thomas D. , Puw E. W. , Otahal I. , Battle C. , Minik O. , Lyons R. A. , Hall J. E. ,   the Welsh Digital Data Collection Platform collaborators
Published: November 2017

SummaryOur aim was to prospectively determine the predictive capabilities of SEPSIS‐1 and SEPSIS‐3 definitions in the emergency departments and general wards. Patients with National Early Warning Score (NEWS) of 3 or above and suspected or proven infection were enrolled over a 24‐h period in 13 Welsh hospitals. The primary outcome measure was mortality within 30 days. Out of the 5422 patients screened, 431 fulfilled inclusion criteria and 380 (88%) were recruited. Using the SEPSIS‐1 definition, 212 patients had sepsis. When using the SEPSIS‐3 definitions with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score ≥ 2, there were 272 septic patients, whereas with quickSOFA score ≥ 2, 50 patients were identified. For the prediction of primary outcome, SEPSIS‐1 criteria had a sensitivity (95%CI) of 65% (54–75%) and specificity of 47% (41–53%); SEPSIS‐3 criteria had a sensitivity of 86% (76–92%) and specificity of 32% (27–38%). SEPSIS‐3 and SEPSIS‐1 definitions were associated with a hazard ratio (95%CI) 2.7 (1.5–5.6) and 1.6 (1.3–2.5), respectively. Scoring system discrimination evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves was highest for Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (0.69 (95%CI 0.63–0.76)), followed by NEWS (0.58 (0.51–0.66)) (p < 0.001). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria (0.55 (0.49–0.61)) and quickSOFA score (0.56 (0.49–0.64)) could not predict outcome. The SEPSIS‐3 definition identified patients with the highest risk. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and NEWS were better predictors of poor outcome. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score appeared to be the best tool for identifying patients with high risk of death and sepsis‐induced organ dysfunction.
Cadence Tracking and Disturbance Rejection in Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling for Paraplegic Subjects: A Case Study
Authors: Fonseca Lucas O. da , Bó Antônio P.L. , Guimarães Juliana A. , Gutierrez Miguel E. , Fachin‐Martins Emerson 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFunctional electrical stimulation cycling has been proposed as an assistive technology with numerous health and fitness benefits for people with spinal cord injury, such as improvement in cardiovascular function, increase in muscular mass, and reduction of bone mass loss. However, some limitations, for example, lack of optimal control strategies that would delay fatigue, may still prevent this technology from achieving its full potential. In this work, we performed experiments on a person with complete spinal cord injury using a stationary tadpole trike when both cadence tracking and disturbance rejection were evaluated. In addition, two sets of experiments were conducted 6 months apart and considering activation of different muscles. The results showed that reference tracking is achieved above the cadence of 25 rpm with mean absolute errors between 1.9 and 10% when only quadriceps are activated. The disturbance test revealed that interferences may drop the cadence but do not interrupt a continuous movement if the cadence does not drop below 25 rpm, again when only quadriceps are activated. When other muscle groups were added, strong spasticity caused larger errors on reference tracking, but not when a disturbance was applied. In addition, spasticity caused the last experiments to result in less smooth cycling.
Temporal and Spatial Variability of Surface Motor Activation Zones in Hemiplegic Patients During Functional Electrical Stimulation Therapy Sessions
Authors: Malešević Jovana , Štrbac Matija , Isaković Milica , Kojić Vladimir , Konstantinović Ljubica , Vidaković Aleksandra , Dedijer Dujović Suzana , Kostić Miloš , Keller Thierry 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate surface motor activation zones and their temporal variability using an advanced multi‐pad functional electrical stimulation system. With this system motor responses are elicited through concurrent activation of electrode matrix pads collectively termed “virtual electrodes” (VEs) with appropriate stimulation parameters. We observed VEs used to produce selective wrist, finger, and thumb extension movements in 20 therapy sessions of 12 hemiplegic stroke patients. The VEs which produce these three selective movements were created manually on the ergonomic multi‐pad electrode by experienced clinicians based on visual inspection of the muscle responses. Individual results indicated that changes in VE configuration were required each session for all patients and that overlap in joint movements was evident between some VEs. However, by analyzing group data, we defined the probability distribution over the electrode surface for the three VEs of interest. Furthermore, through Bayesian logic we obtained preferred stimulation zones that are in accordance with our previously reported heuristically obtained results. We have also analyzed the number of active pads and stimulation amplitudes for these three VEs. Presented results provide a basis for an automated electrode calibration algorithm built on a priori knowledge or the starting point for manual selection of stimulation points.
Effect of adding different levels of rumen protected choline to the diet on productive and reproductive performance of female goats and growth of their kids from birthing to weaning
Authors: Habeeb Alsaied A. , Gad Ahmed E. , Atta Mostafa A. , Mustafa Mohammed M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractForty female goats in the third parity were randomly divided into four similar groups. The experiment was started 20 days before mating and lasted until the end of the suckling period for 60 days and weaning their kids. The first group were fed diet without supplementation and kept as control while in the second, third and fourth groups, each doe was fed diets with rumen protected choline (RPC) at the rate of 10, 20 and 40 g/day, respectively. Results showed that number of doe kidding twins and triplets and litter weight of kids born per group increased with increasing the level of RPC in the diet of goats and viability rate of born kids during the suckling period improved due to RPC supplementation in the diets of their mothers. Duration of estrous, days from weaning to estrous, days from kidding to estrous and kidding interval decreased significantly, while conception rate increased due to adding RPC. Milk choline concentrations and total choline secretion though milk were progressively increased significantly with increasing the level of RPC supplementation. Live body weight and daily body gain of their suckling male and female kids at weaning increased significantly with increasing RPC levels in the diets of their mothers.
Influences of quorum‐quenching probiotic bacteria on the gut microbial community and immune function in weaning pigs
Authors: Kim Jonggun , Kim Jaepil , Kim Younghoon , Oh Sangnam , Song Minho , Choe Jee Hwan , Whang Kwang‐Youn , Kim Kwang Hyun , Oh Sejong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the dynamic gut microbial diversity in weaning swine after administering feed supplemented with probiotic bacteria that specifically inhibit the activity of quorum molecules. Initially, the universal quorum molecule autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2) bioassay results indicated that AI‐2 activity was profoundly inhibited in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 in the presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain 30SC cell extract, although the growth of EHEC was not affected. Based on plate counting results, bacterial community analysis revealed a specific reduction in coliforms compared to the control, whereas the population of lactobacilli increased in weaning swine in in vivo trials. Supplementation with L. acidophilus strain 30SC did not affect the counts of other communities, such as total aerobes and yeast/mold. In addition, PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed a significant difference in the 16S rRNA gene products after administering L. acidophilus strain 30SC. Selected bands were sequenced, and most of them were identified as uncultured bacterium clones or a Lactobacillus‐ and Bifidobacterium‐specific community. Therefore, our results indicate that quorum‐quenching probiotic bacteria can significantly modulate the gut microbiota of swine and these beneficial effects can contribute to the improvement of performance and health in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs.
Altered N170 and mood symptoms in bipolar disorder: An electrophysiological study of configural face processing
Authors: Tso Ivy F , Grove Tyler B , Mueller Savanna A , O'Donnell Lisa , Chun Jinsoo , McInnis Melvin G , Deldin Patricia J 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesAltered social behavior during mood episodes in bipolar disorder often has detrimental and long‐lasting interpersonal consequences. Abnormal face processing may play a role in linking brain functions to clinical symptoms and behavior. This study aimed to understand configural face processing in bipolar disorder as a function of basic communicative attributes of the face and mood symptoms using event‐related brain potentials (ERPs).MethodsForty‐two participants with bipolar I disorder (BP) and 43 healthy controls (HC) viewed face stimuli varying in emotion (neutral or fearful), head orientation (forward or deviated), and gaze direction (direct or averted) while ERPs were recorded. Configural face processing was indexed by the N170 wave.ResultsBP participants had comparable overall N170 amplitude and peak latency to HC, although timing was more variable in the BP group. Abnormal N170 modulations by communicative face attributes were observed in BP: exaggerated sensitivity to emotion (fearful > neutral) in the left hemisphere, and reduced sensitivity to gaze‐head incongruency (where N170 is normally larger in response to faces with incongruent than congruent gaze and head direction) in the right hemisphere. The former was not associated with mood symptoms, suggesting a heightened trait‐like sensitivity to negative emotions. The latter was correlated with greater manic symptoms, indicating that an impaired perceptual sensitivity to faces with features signaling incongruent social attention may underlie social deficits observed during mania.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a pathophysiological role of altered configural face processing in the phenomenology of bipolar disorder, and call for further investigations to evaluate its potential as a biomarker and treatment target.