bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nouveaux mouvements sociaux et partis politiques au Québec : un défi organisationnel ?
Authors: Pelletier Réjean , Guérin Daniel 
Published: May 2017

La présence de nouveaux mouvements sociaux (NMS) représente-t-elle un défi pour les partis politiques établis ? Nous avons choisi de répondre à cette question en nous concentrant sur le défi organisationnel, considéré à la fois sous l’angle des motivations pour adhérer à un mouvement social ou à un parti politique, ce qui est à la base même de toute organisation, et sous l’angle de la conception que l’on a de sa propre organisation. Reposant sur des interviews menées auprès d’une quarantaine de militants et militantes, certains appartenant à des NMS (groupes environnementaux et groupes de femmes) et d’autres aux deux principaux partis politiques au Québec, cette recherche montre que deux visions s’opposent : l’une ciblée sur une seule cause dans les NMS, l’autre plus englobante dans les partis. Ces deux visions apparaissent irréconciliables, d’autant plus que chacun manifeste un certain scepticisme à l’égard des actions politiques de l’autre. De même, l’organisation hiérarchisée et centralisée des partis contraste fortement avec les structures souples et simples des NMS. Malgré tout, au lieu de parler de défi et d’opposition entre les deux, nous suggérons de parler plutôt de complémentarité.
Endoglucanase activity at a second site in Pyrococcus furiosus triosephosphate isomerase—Promiscuity or compensation for a metabolic handicap?
Authors: Sharma Prerna , Guptasarma Purnananda 
Published: May 2017

The eight‐stranded (β/α)8 barrel fold known as the Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) barrel is the most commonly observed fold in enzymes, displaying an eightfold structural symmetry. The sequences and structures of different TIM barrel enzymes suggest that nature exploits the modularity inherent in the eightfold symmetry to generate enzymes with diverse enzymatic activities and, in certain cases, more than one catalytic activity per enzyme. Here, we report the discovery, verification, and characterization of such an additional activity, a novel endoglucanase/cellulase activity in what is otherwise a triosephosphate isomerase from the hyperthermophile archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (PfuTIM). The activity is seen in two different ranges of temperatures, with one maximum at 40 °C and a second maximum close to 100 °C. The endoglucanase/cellulase activity is inhibited by norharman, a TIM inhibitor, which is suspected to bind at a site different to that of the regular substrate, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate (G3P). However, endoglucanase/cellulose activity is not inhibited either by G3P analogs or by glycine‐scanning mutations involving residues in loops 1, 4, and 6 of PfuTIM, which are known to be important for TIM activity. It appears, therefore, that two different sites on PfuTIM are responsible for the observed TIM and endoglucanase activities. We discuss possible correlations between this discovery and certain unusual features of the glycolytic pathway in P. furiosus.EnzymePyrococcus furiosus Triosephosphate isomerase (EC:5.3.1.1)
Low‐dose suramin in autism spectrum disorder: a small, phase I/II, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Naviaux Robert K. , Curtis Brooke , Li Kefeng , Naviaux Jane C. , Bright A. Taylor , Reiner Gail E. , Westerfield Marissa , Goh Suzanne , Alaynick William A. , Wang Lin , Capparelli Edmund V. , Adams Cynthia , Sun Ji , Jain Sonia , He Feng , Arellano Deyna A. , Mash Lisa E. , Chukoskie Leanne , Lincoln Alan , Townsend Jeanne 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveNo drug is yet approved to treat the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Low‐dose suramin was effective in the maternal immune activation and Fragile X mouse models of ASD. The Suramin Autism Treatment‐1 (SAT‐1) trial was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, translational pilot study to examine the safety and activity of low‐dose suramin in children with ASD.MethodsTen male subjects with ASD, ages 5–14 years, were matched by age, IQ, and autism severity into five pairs, then randomized to receive a single, intravenous infusion of suramin (20 mg/kg) or saline. The primary outcomes were ADOS‐2 comparison scores and Expressive One‐Word Picture Vocabulary Test (EOWPVT). Secondary outcomes were the aberrant behavior checklist, autism treatment evaluation checklist, repetitive behavior questionnaire, and clinical global impression questionnaire.ResultsBlood levels of suramin were 12 ± 1.5 μmol/L (mean ± SD) at 2 days and 1.5 ± 0.5 μmol/L after 6 weeks. The terminal half‐life was 14.7 ± 0.7 days. A self‐limited, asymptomatic rash was seen, but there were no serious adverse events. ADOS‐2 comparison scores improved by −1.6 ± 0.55 points (n = 5; 95% CI = −2.3 to −0.9; Cohen's d = 2.9; P = 0.0028) in the suramin group and did not change in the placebo group. EOWPVT scores did not change. Secondary outcomes also showed improvements in language, social interaction, and decreased restricted or repetitive behaviors.InterpretationThe safety and activity of low‐dose suramin showed promise as a novel approach to treatment of ASD in this small study.
Examination of Hydroxychloroquine Use and Hemolytic Anemia in G6PDH‐Deficient Patients
Authors: Mohammad Samya , Clowse Megan E. B. , Eudy Amanda M. , Criscione‐Schreiber Lisa G. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveSome sources urge caution when prescribing hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to patients with G6PDH deficiency, presumably due to a risk of hemolytic anemia. There are limited published data, however, to support this risk. Additionally, not all patients with G6PDH deficiency are at similar risk for hemolysis, and people with the African variant are at particularly low risk. Through a retrospective chart review, we aimed to quantify the frequency of G6PDH‐deficient patients with hemolysis attributed to HCQ.MethodsWe identified Duke University Medical Center rheumatology patients with HCQ use and a measured G6PDH level. A retrospective chart review was performed, recording demographics, G6PDH levels, episodes of anemia, laboratory values consistent with hemolysis, and HCQ use.ResultsOf the 275 patients reviewed, 84% were female; 46% were African American and 48% were white. The leading diagnoses were systemic lupus erythematosus (32%), rheumatoid arthritis (29%), and inflammatory arthritis (14%). Only 4% of patients were G6PDH deficient (all African American). Two G6PDH‐deficient patients had hemolysis during severe lupus flares that occurred while not taking HCQ. There were no reported episodes of hemolysis in more than 700 months of HCQ exposure among the 11 G6PDH‐deficient patients.ConclusionThis is the largest study to date evaluating G6PDH deficiency with concurrent use of HCQ. Of 11 patients with G6PDH deficiency, 2 had episodes of hemolysis, but these did not occur during HCQ therapy. These data do not support routine measurement of G6PDH levels or withholding HCQ therapy among African American patients with G6PDH deficiency.
Sorption–reduction coupled gold recovery process boosted by Pycnoporus sanguineus biomass: Uptake pattern and performance enhancement via biomass surface modification
Authors: Shi Chaohong , Zhu Nengwu , Kang Naixin , Wu Pingxiao , Zhang Xiaoping , Zhang Yanhong 
Published: May 2017

Biorecovery is emerging as a promising process to retrieve gold from secondary resources. The present study aimed to explore the uptake pattern of Pycnoporus sanguineus biomass for gold, identify the effective functional groups in gold recovery process, and thus further intensify the process via microbial surface modification. Results showed that P. sanguineus biomass could effectively recover gold with the formation of highly crystal AuNPs without any exogeneous electron donor. Under the conditions of various initial gold concentrations (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mM), biomass dosage of 2.0 g/L, solution pH value of 4.0, and incubation temperature of 30°C, the uptake equilibrium established after 4, 8, and 12 h, respectively. The uptake process could be well described by pseudo‐second order kinetics model (R2 = 0.9988) and Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9958). The maximum uptake capacity of P. sanguineus reached as high as 358.69 mg/g. Further analysis indicated that amino, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups positively contributed to the uptake process. Among them, amino group significantly favored the uptake of gold during recovery process. When P. sanguineus biomass was modified by introduction of amino group, the gold uptake process was successfully intensified by shortening the uptake period and enhancing the uptake capacity. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1314–1322, 2017
Viscoelastic computational modeling of the human head‐neck system: Eigenfrequencies and time‐dependent analysis
Authors: Boccia E. , Gizzi A. , Cherubini C. , Nestola M. G. C. , Filippi S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA subject‐specific 3‐dimensional viscoelastic finite element model of the human head‐neck system is presented and investigated based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance biomedical images. Ad hoc imaging processing tools are developed for the reconstruction of the simulation domain geometry and the internal distribution of bone and soft tissues. Material viscoelastic properties are characterized point‐wise through an image‐based interpolating function used then for assigning the constitutive prescriptions of a heterogenous viscoelastic continuum model. The numerical study is conducted both for modal and time‐dependent analyses, compared with similar studies and validated against experimental evidences. Spatiotemporal analyses are performed upon different exponential swept‐sine wave–localized stimulations. The modeling approach proposes a generalized, patient‐specific investigation of sound wave transmission and attenuation within the human head‐neck system comprising skull and brain tissues. Model extensions and applications are finally discussed.
Salix arctica changes root distribution and nutrient uptake in response to subsurface nutrients in High Arctic deserts
Authors: Muller Amanda L. , Hardy Sarah P. , Mamet Steven D. , Ota Mitsuaki , Lamb Eric G. , Siciliano Steven D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMoisture is critical for plant success in polar deserts but not by the obvious pathway of reduced water stress. We hypothesized that an indirect, nutrient‐linked, pathway resulting from unique water/frozen soil interactions in polar deserts creates nutrient‐rich patches critical for plant growth. These nutrient‐rich patches (diapirs) form deep in High Arctic polar deserts soils from water accumulating at the permafrost freezing front and ultimately rising into the upper soil horizons through cryoturbated convective landforms (frost boils). To determine if diapirs provide an enhanced source of plant‐available N for Salix arctica (Arctic willow), we characterized soil, root, stem, and leaf 15N natural abundance across 24 diapir and non‐diapir frost boils in a High Arctic granitic semi‐desert. When diapir horizons were available, S. arctica increased its subsurface (i.e., diapir) N uptake and plant root biomass doubled within diapir. Plant uptake of enriched 15N injected into organic rich soil patches was 2.5‐fold greater in diapir than in non‐diapir frost boils. S. arctica percent cover was often higher (7.3 ± 1.0 [mean ± SE]) on diapiric frost boils, compared to frost boils without diapirs (4.4 ± 0.7), potentially reflecting the additional 20% nitrogen available in the subsurface of diapiric frost boils. Selective N acquisition from diapirs is a mechanism by which soil moisture indirectly enhances plant growth. Our work suggests that diapirs may be one mechanism contributing to Arctic greening by shrub expansion.
Effects of organic and inorganic nitrate on aortic and carotid haemodynamics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Chirinos Julio A. , Londono‐Hoyos Francisco , Zamani Payman , Beraun Melissa , Haines Philip , Vasim Izzah , Varakantam Swapna , Phan Timothy S. , Cappola Thomas P. , Margulies Kenneth B. , Townsend Raymond R. , Segers Patrick 
Published: May 2017

AimsTo assess the haemodynamic effects of organic vs. inorganic nitrate administration among patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Methods and resultsWe assessed carotid and aortic pressure–flow relations non‐invasively before and after the administration of 0.4 mg of sublingual nitroglycerin (n = 26), and in a separate sub‐study, in response to 12.9 mmoL of inorganic nitrate (n = 16). Nitroglycerin did not consistently reduce wave reflections arriving at the proximal aorta (change in real part of reflection coefficient, 1st harmonic: −0.09; P = 0.01; 2nd harmonic: −0.045, P = 0.16; 3rd harmonic: +0.087; P = 0.05), but produced profound vasodilatation in the carotid territory, with a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (133.6 vs. 120.5 mmHg; P = 0.011) and a marked reduction in carotid bed vascular resistance (19 580 vs. 13 078 dynes · s/cm5; P = 0.001) and carotid characteristic impedance (3440 vs. 1923 dynes · s/cm5; P = 0.002). Inorganic nitrate, in contrast, consistently reduced wave reflections across the first three harmonics (change in real part of reflection coefficient, 1st harmonic: −0.12; P = 0.03; 2nd harmonic: −0.11, P = 0.01; 3rd harmonic: −0.087; P = 0.09) and did not reduce blood pressure, carotid bed vascular resistance, or carotid characteristic impedance (P = NS).ConclusionsNitroglycerin produces marked vasodilatation in the carotid circulation, with a pronounced reduction in blood pressure and inconsistent effects on central wave reflections. Inorganic nitrate, in contrast, produces consistent reductions in wave reflections, and unlike nitroglycerin, it does so without significant hypotension or cerebrovascular dilatation. These haemodynamic differences may underlie the different effects on exercise capacity and side effect profile of inorganic vs. organic nitrate in HFpEF.
The emerging role of interleukin‐37 in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Zhuang Xinyu , Wu Bangwei , Li Jian , Shi Haiming , Jin Bo , Luo Xinping 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionInterleukin (IL)‐37 is a newly identified member of the IL‐1 family, and shows a growing role in a variety of diseases. This review aims at summarizing and discussing the role of IL‐37 in cardiovascular diseases.MethodsData for this review were identified by searches of MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed using appropriate search terms.ResultsIL‐37 is a newly identified cytokine belonging to the IL‐1 family and is expressed in inflammatory immune cells and several parenchymal cells. It has potent anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, with two mechanisms underlying this function. IL‐37 is produced as a precursor and then cleaved into mature form in the cytoplasm by caspase‐1, translocating to nucleus and suppressing the transcription of several pro‐inflammatory genes by binding SMAD‐3. Besides, IL‐37 can be secreted extracellularly, and binds to IL‐18Ra chain and recruits Toll/IL‐1R (TIR)‐8 for transducing anti‐inflammatory signaling. IL‐37 is upregulated in an inducible manner and negatively regulates signaling mediated by TLR agonists and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The cytokine has been shown to inhibit both innate and adaptive immunological responses, exert antitumor effects, and act as a prognostic marker in a variety of autoimmune diseases.ConclusionsRecent studies have suggested that IL‐37 plays a role in cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the cytokine biology, discuss recent advances made in unraveling its cardio‐protective effects, and suggest guidelines for future research.
Arthrotomy‐based preclinical models of particle‐induced osteolysis: A systematic review
Authors: Moran Meghan M. , Wilson Brittany M. , Ross Ryan D. , Virdi Amarjit S. , Sumner Dale Rick 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTWe completed a systematic literature review of in vivo animal models that use arthrotomy‐based methods to study particle‐induced peri‐implant osteolysis. The purpose of the review was to characterize the models developed to date, to determine the questions addressed, to assess scientific rigor and transparency, and to identify gaps in knowledge. We probed three literature databases (Medline, Embase, and Scopus) and found 77 manuscripts that fit the search parameters. In the most recent 10 years, researchers mainly used rat and mouse models, whereas in the previous 20 years, large animal, canine, and rabbit models were more common. The studies have demonstrated several pathophysiology pathways, including macrophage migration, particle phagocytosis, increased local production of cytokines and lysosomal enzymes, elevated bone resorption, and suppressed bone formation. The effect of variation in particle characteristics and concentration received limited attention with somewhat mixed findings. Particle contamination by endotoxin was shown to exacerbate peri‐implant osteolysis. The possibility of early diagnosis was demonstrated through imaging and biomarker approaches. Several studies showed that both local and systemic delivery of bisphosphonates inhibits the development of particle‐induced osteolysis. Other methods of inhibiting osteolysis include the use of anabolic agents and altering the implant design. Few studies examined non‐surgical rescue of loosened implants, with conflicting results with alendronate. We found that the manuscripts often lacked the methodological detail now advocated by the ARRIVE guidelines, suggesting that improvement in reporting would be useful to maximize rigor and transparency. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2595–2605, 2017.
Hybrid tunable lens for eliminating optical aberration and enlarging optical power
Authors: Zhang Chao‐Yang , Li Lei , Wang Qiong‐Hua 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a hybrid tunable lens based on electrowetting effect for eliminating optical aberration. By integrating a doublet lens in the front surface of a tunable lens, the proposed lens can achieve good image quality and obtain high optical power. Experimental results demonstrate that both two advantages can be achieved for the hybrid tunable lens. It can also reduce the operating voltage by ∼5 V to reach the same focal length, and it has compact structure, light weight, and good image quality.
A qualitative research on travellers' destination choice behaviour
Authors: Keshavarzian Pedram , Wu Cheng‐Lung 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe repertory grid technique was used in this paper to investigate the decision‐making process of travellers. Results showed that both destination physical attributes and the travellers' feelings towards the destination play a significant role in the choice of holiday destinations. Notably, a distinct choice pattern emerged from the analysis, which showed some travellers begin their planning process not based on the destination features but on the availability of air tickets on sale. This observation suggested the potential influence of the “sequence” of receiving or searching for transport and tourism information on the choice of a holiday destination.
Seasonality of change: Summer warming rates do not fully represent effects of climate change on lake temperatures
Authors: Winslow Luke A. , Read Jordan S. , Hansen Gretchen J. A. , Rose Kevin C. , Robertson Dale M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractResponses in lake temperatures to climate warming have primarily been characterized using seasonal metrics of surface‐water temperatures such as summertime or stratified period average temperatures. However, climate warming may not affect water temperatures equally across seasons or depths. We analyzed a long‐term dataset (1981–2015) of biweekly water temperature data in six temperate lakes in Wisconsin, U.S.A. to understand (1) variability in monthly rates of surface‐ and deep‐water warming, (2) how those rates compared to summertime average trends, and (3) if monthly heterogeneity in water temperature trends can be predicted by heterogeneity in air temperature trends. Monthly surface‐water temperature warming rates varied across the open‐water season, ranging from 0.013 in August to 0.073°C yr−1 in September (standard deviation [SD]: 0.025°C yr−1). Deep‐water trends during summer varied less among months (SD: 0.006°C yr−1), but varied broadly among lakes (–0.056°C yr−1 to 0.035°C yr−1, SD: 0.034°C yr−1). Trends in monthly surface‐water temperatures were well correlated with air temperature trends, suggesting monthly air temperature trends, for which data exist at broad scales, may be a proxy for seasonal patterns in surface‐water temperature trends during the open water season in lakes similar to those studied here. Seasonally variable warming has broad implications for how ecological processes respond to climate change, because phenological events such as fish spawning and phytoplankton succession respond to specific, seasonal temperature cues.
Enhanced Optical Transmittance by Reduced Reflectance of Curved Polymer Surfaces
Authors: Chen W. , Diao Z. , Dirks J.‐H. , Geiger F. , Spatz J. 
Published: May 2017

Subwavelength nanostructure arrays on surfaces improve their optical transmittance by reducing the reflection of light over a wide range of wavelengths and angles of incidence. A method to imprint a sub‐100 nm nanostructure array on a large surface (Ø 20 mm) made from thermoplastic materials is reported. Transmittance through the flat polymer is improved by ≈6.5%, reaching values of up to 97.5%, after imprinting. The optical properties of the nanostructured samples are highly reproducible. After eight repeated imprinting operations with the same stamp, the transmittance of the nanostructured surface is decreased by less than 0.2%. Moreover, the nanostructures can also be imprinted on curved polymethylmethacrylate surfaces, achieving a maximum transmittance of 97%. This method to prepare large‐scale antireflective nanostructures on flat and flexible curved polymer surfaces is of interest for the production of antireflective screens, optical devices, and biomedical devices such as contact lenses and intraocular lenses.
image
Exercise with weight loss improves adipose tissue and skeletal muscle markers of fatty acid metabolism in postmenopausal women
Authors: Ortmeyer Heidi K. , Goldberg Andrew P. , Ryan Alice S. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThe effects of 6‐month weight loss (WL) versus aerobic exercise training (AEX)+WL on fat and skeletal muscle markers of fatty acid metabolism were determined in normal (NGT) and impaired (IGT) glucose tolerant African‐American and Caucasian postmenopausal women with overweight/obesity.MethodsFat (gluteal and abdominal) lipoprotein lipase (LPL), skeletal muscle LPL, acyl‐CoA synthase (ACS), ß‐hydroxacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT‐1), and citrate synthase (CS) activities were measured at baseline (n = 104) and before and after WL (n = 34) and AEX+WL (n = 37).ResultsAfter controlling for age and race, muscle LPL and CPT‐1 were lower in IGT, and the ratios of fat/muscle LPL activity were higher in IGT compared to NGT. Muscle LPL was related to insulin sensitivity (M value) and inversely related to G120, fasting insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. AEX+WL decreased abdominal fat LPL and increased muscle LPL, ACS, and CS. The ratios of fat/muscle LPL decreased after AEX+WL. The change in VO2max was related to the changes in LPL, ACS, and CS and inversely related to the changes in fat/muscle LPL activity ratios.ConclusionsSix‐month AEX+WL, and not WL alone, is capable of enhancing skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism in postmenopausal African‐American and Caucasian women with NGT, IGT, and overweight/obesity.