bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis Stage Using Ultrasound‐Based Shear Wave Velocity Measurements and Serum Algorithms in Patients With Viral Hepatitis B: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Jianxue , Zhao Junzhi , Zhang Yaoren , Ji Yonghao , Lin Shumei , Dun Guoliang , Guo Sujuan 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesLiver biopsy remains the reference standard for the assessment of liver fibrosis, but this procedure is invasive and can lead to complications. Thus, studies to determine the optimal noninvasive test are warranted. This study compared several noninvasive tests and their combinations for evaluating liver fibrosis stages in patients with chronic hepatitis B.MethodsThe shear wave velocity (SWV) and laboratory indicators were collected from 174 patients with chronic hepatitis B. Formulas were applied to calculate the serum fibrosis model, including the aspartate aminotransaminase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) and aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR). The diagnostic performance of all noninvasive tests was assessed in comparison with percutaneous liver biopsy, based on a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsThe SWV (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.82) and APRI (AUC = 0.77) performed better than the FIB‐4 (AUC = 0.62), and the AAR (AUC = 0.47) was not suitable for evaluating substantial liver fibrosis (stage ≥F2). The SWV (AUC = 0.96) was the best indicator, being superior to the APRI (AUC = 0.75) and FIB‐4 (AUC = 0.74), and the AAR (AUC = 0.45) was not suitable for assessing cirrhosis (F4). Combining the SWV and APRI, the AUC improved to 0.85 for substantial liver fibrosis, and the sensitivity increased to 100% for cirrhosis.ConclusionsThe SWV, APRI, and FIB‐4 were valid tests for evaluating substantial liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The combination of these tests with several noninvasive indicators is expected to enhance the assessment of liver fibrosis stages.
Cryotherapy of Renal Lesions: Enhancement on Contrast‐Enhanced Sonography on Postoperative Day 1 Does Not Imply Viable Tissue Persistence
Authors: Bertolotto Michele , Siracusano Salvatore , Cicero Calogero , Iannelli Mariano , Silvestri Tommaso , Celia Antonio , Guarise Alessandro , Stacul Fulvio 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate whether persistent enhancement detected on contrast‐enhanced sonography at postoperative day 1 (early contrast‐enhanced sonography) after cryoablation of renal tumors implies the presence of residual viable tumor tissue, defined as residual enhancing tissue on reference imaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) performed 6 months after the procedure.MethodsSeventy‐four patients with percutaneous cryoablation of renal tumors had early contrast‐enhanced sonography from November 2011 to August 2015. Two independent readers evaluated early contrast‐enhanced sonographic findings and contrast‐enhanced sonographic investigations performed 1 month after cryoablation of lesions that displayed enhancement on early contrast‐enhanced sonography. They scored intralesional enhancement in 4 groups: no enhancement, few intralesional vessels, focal enhancing areas, and diffuse enhancement. Inter‐reader agreement in evaluating lesion vascularity on early contrast‐enhanced sonography was assessed with weighted κ statistics. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging performed 6 months after the treatment was the reference procedure for assessing the absence or presence of residual disease.ResultsInter‐reader agreement in assessing intratumoral vascularization on early contrast‐enhanced sonography was very good (κ = 0.90). Enhancement was absent for both readers in 33 of 74 cases; only a few intralesional vessels were visible in 21; whereas diffuse or focal enhancement was present in 13. In the remaining 7 patients, there were differences. Four lesions with focal enhancement on early contrast‐enhanced sonography and 1 that was considered avascular had residual tumors on reference imaging. Ablation was successful in the remaining 69 of 74 patients (93%).ConclusionsAfter cryoablation, intratumoral enhancement on early contrast‐enhanced sonography does not imply tumor cell viability.
Transperineal Sonography and Urodynamic Findings in Women With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms After Sling Placement
Authors: Takacs Peter , Larson Kindra , Scott Lauren , Cunningham Tina D. , DeShields Sarah C. , Abuhamad Alfred 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate dynamic 2‐dimensional (2D) transperineal pelvic sonographic findings and urodynamic studies in women with lower urinary tract symptoms after midurethral sling placement.MethodsTransperineal pelvic sonography and urodynamic studies were reviewed from women with a midurethral sling and lower urinary tract symptoms. The shape and sonographic dynamic change of the sling from the rest position to the maximum Valsalva maneuver and back to rest were recorded. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: group I, at rest, the sling lies parallel to the urethral lumen, and during Valsalva, the sling becomes C shaped; group 2, both at rest and during Valsalva, the sling runs parallel to the urethral lumen; and group 3, at rest, the sling is C shaped, and during Valsalva, this curved shape is maintained. For analytical purposes group 3 was compared with groups 1 and 2. Multiple logistic regressions were used to evaluate the association between transperineal pelvic sonography and urodynamic studies.ResultsSeventy‐seven women were enrolled. The detrusor pressure at the maximum flow rate was significantly higher in group 3 than groups 1 and 2 (mean ± SD, 36 ± 16 versus 19 ± 11 mm H2O; P < .001). The odds of high detrusor pressure (>20 mm H2O) in group 3 was approximately 12 times the odds of those in groups 1 and 2. After adjusting for other variables using a multiple logistic regression analysis, a statistically significant association between group 3 and high detrusor pressure persisted (odds ratio, 29.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.949–299.6; P = .0040) persisted.ConclusionsTransperineal dynamic 2D sonography can help predict women with high‐pressure voiding after midurethral sling placement and aid in the diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction.
Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Fercher Adolf F. , Andersen Peter E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is a technique with which to peer inside a body noninvasively. Tissue structure defined by tissue absorption and scattering coefficients, and the speed of blood flow, is derived from the characteristics of light remitted by the body. Backscattered light detected by partial coherence interferometry (PCI) is used to synthesize the tomographic image coded in false colors. A prerequisite of this technique is a low time‐coherent but high space‐coherent light source, e.g. a superluminescent diode. Alternatively, the imaging technique can be realized using ultrafast wavelength scanning light sources, the so‐called swept sources. For tissue imaging, the light source wavelengths are restricted to the red and near‐infrared (NIR) region from about 600 to 1300 nm, the so‐called therapeutic window, where absorption (μa≈ 0.01 mm−1) is sufficiently small. Transverse resolution in OCT is diffraction limited, as in conventional imaging; depth resolution is limited by the coherence length of the light. Both figures are of the order of micrometers. Velocity resolution is of the order of 0.1 mm s−1. Several instruments are commercially available. At present, OCT is mainly used in the medical field, particularly in ophthalmology, cardiology, and dermatology. Owing to the high transmissivity of ocular media, the depth penetration is considerable. Corresponding applications in dermatology are somewhat hindered by the strong scattering of epidermic tissue (μs≈ 102mm−1). As OCT provides images with a resolution comparable to conventional histology, but in real time, it can be used as a biopsy technique in a wide range of biological systems to detect diseases. These include the tomographic imaging of the internal microstructure of in vitro atherosclerotic plaques, the tomographic real‐time diagnostics for intraoperative monitoring, and in microsurgical intervention. Optical biopsy based on OCT also provides diagnostic information by differentiating the architectural morphology of urological tissue, gastrointestinal tissue, and respiratory tissue.
Silica Gel and its Derivatization for Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Skoczylas Magdalena , Krzemińska Katarzyna , Bocian Szymon , Buszewski Bogusław 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this article, we review the preparation methods of silica and silica hybrid materials, as well as their surface modification and application in liquid chromatography (LC). First we discuss the synthesis and properties of silica and silica hybrids. In the second part, we present the modification methods leading to their stationary phases. The current state of the art of the stationary phase's synthesis during silanization, hydrosilation, and coating is discussed. A detailed characterization of both native silica and its modifications is provided. The most common stationary phases for reversed‐phase, normal‐phase, and hydrophilic interaction LC are featured. Unconventional stationary phases, for example, with bonded cholesterol molecules, are also included. The potential applications of the described stationary phases are presented.
Coordination Chemistry and Applications of Phenolic Thiacalixarene–Metal Complexes
Authors: Cragg Peter J. , Marcos Paula M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Thiacalixarenes are members of the calixarene family in which sulfur has replaced one or more of the methylene bridges between the phenolic moieties of the macrocycles. Oxidation of the thiacalixarenes leads to sulfinyl and sulfonyl homologs. The incorporation of sulfur affects the metal‐binding affinities of these calixarenes over their all‐carbon analogs through the abilities of the heteroatoms both to bind directly and to influence lower rim phenolic binding. Other binding motifs are possible for the oxidized thiacalixarenes leading to a vast array of complexes with metal cations. This chapter covers the literature concerning thiacalixarenes containing free OH groups at the lower rim since they were first reported. Their coordination chemistry toward alkali, alkaline earth, transition, heavy, lanthanide, and actinide metals is discussed. Examples of crystal structures of these metal complexes are given, as well as brief descriptions of their applications in fields such as catalysis, transition‐metal extraction, and cation transport.
Antinuclear Matrix Protein 2 Autoantibodies and Edema, Muscle Disease, and Malignancy Risk in Dermatomyositis Patients
Authors: Albayda Jemima , Pinal‐Fernandez Iago , Huang Wilson , Parks Cassie , Paik Julie , Casciola‐Rosen Livia , Danoff Sonye K. , Johnson Cheilonda , Christopher‐Stine Lisa , Mammen Andrew L. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveDermatomyositis (DM) patients typically present with proximal weakness and autoantibodies that are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes. We observed that DM patients with autoantibodies recognizing the nuclear matrix protein NXP‐2 often presented with especially severe weakness. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical features associated with anti–NXP‐2 autoantibodies.MethodsThere were 235 DM patients who underwent testing for anti–NXP‐2 autoantibodies. Patient characteristics, including muscle strength, were compared between those with and without these autoantibodies. The number of cancer cases observed in anti–NXP‐2‐positive subjects was compared with the number expected in the general population.ResultsOf the DM patients, 56 (23.8%) were anti–NXP‐2‐positive. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of proximal extremity weakness in patients with and without anti–NXP‐2. In contrast, anti–NXP‐2‐positive patients had more prevalent weakness in the distal arms (35% versus 20%; P = 0.02), distal legs (25% versus 8%; P < 0.001), and neck (48% versus 23%; P < 0.001). Anti–NXP‐2‐positive subjects were also more likely to have dysphagia (62% versus 35%; P < 0.001), myalgia (46% versus 25%; P = 0.002), calcinosis (30% versus 17%; P = 0.02), and subcutaneous edema (36% versus 19%; P = 0.01) than anti–NXP‐2‐negative patients. Five anti–NXP‐2‐positive subjects (9%) had cancer‐associated myositis, representing a 3.68‐fold increased risk (95% confidence interval 1.2–8.6) compared to the expected prevalence in the general population.ConclusionIn DM, anti–NXP‐2 autoantibodies are associated with subcutaneous edema, calcinosis, and a muscle phenotype characterized by myalgia, proximal and distal weakness, and dysphagia. As anti–NXP‐2‐positive patients have an increased risk of cancer, we suggest that they undergo comprehensive cancer screening.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Radiographic Scoring Instruments for Detecting Change in Axial Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Ibrahim Ali , Gladman Dafna D. , Thavaneswaran Arane , Eder Lihi , Helliwell Philip , Cook Richard J. , Chandran Vinod 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveThere is no widely recognized method used to assess axial disease in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We aimed to determine the sensitivity to change of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index for the spine (BASRI‐s), the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS), the Radiographic Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (RASSS), and the PsA Spondylitis Radiology Index (PASRI) in axial PsA.MethodsRadiographs of 105 patients with axial PsA were retrieved for 2 time points at least 2 years apart and subsequently anonymized. All radiographs were scored by 3 rheumatologists blinded to name and order of examination using an electronic application that allowed recording of disease manifestations specific to axial PsA and automatically calculated the BASRI‐s, mSASSS, RASSS, and PASRI scores. An independent expert determined whether there was true radiographic progression from an overall impression after viewing the radiographs with knowledge of chronologic order. The sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratios for every 1‐unit increase in the scores were determined to identify true change.ResultsOf the patients studied, 25 (24%) showed progression, as determined by the independent expert. The respective sensitivity and specificity values for an increase in score to detect true change were as follows: 0.48 and 0.78 (BASRI‐s), 0.52 and 0.84 (mSASSS), 0.44 and 0.84 (RASSS), and 0.52 and 0.74 (PASRI). Logistic regression analyses showed that an increase of 1 point in the respective scores was associated with the following odds ratios for identifying true progression: BASRI‐s 3.0, mSASSS 5.27, RASSS 3.70, and PASRI 3.06.ConclusionAvailable scoring systems for quantifying radiographic axial PsA have moderate sensitivity but high specificity for detecting true change.
Substrate‐Controlled Diastereoselective Synthesis of Sugar‐Based Chlorinated Perhydrofuro[2,3‐b]pyrans via Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Radical Cyclization
Authors: Ram Ram N. , Kumar Neeraj , Gupta Dharmendra Kumar 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe work describes the first copper(I) chloride/2,2′‐bipyridine‐catalyzed atom transfer radical cyclization (ATRC) of unsaturated carbohydrate‐derived chloroacetals to generate chlorinated perhydrofuro[2,3‐b]pyrans via an effective diastereoselective route. Various glycals (glucal, galactal and lactal) underwent the Ferrier rearrangement with 2,2,2‐trichloroethanols to give acetal precursors stereoselectively, R‐selective with galactal in contrast to S‐selective with glucal. The radical cyclization of the Ferrier products occurred smoothly to afford cis‐fused bicyclic products with the transfer of the chlorine atom at the non‐anomeric carbon in the cyclized radical intermediate predominantly from the equatorial direction. The carbohydrate templates controlled the stereochemistry of both Ferrier rearrangement and ATRC steps. The stereostructures of the products were also supported by single crystal X‐ray diffraction crystallography. The products possess biologically important structural segments such as a glycosidic linkage, a fused bicyclic acetal unit and a chlorosugar unit which are potential sources for biological studies and further synthetic elaborations.magnified image
Non‐Covalent Carbonyl‐Directed Heck–Matsuda Desymmetrizations: Synthesis of Cyclopentene‐Fused Spirooxindoles, Spirolactones, and Spirolactams
Authors: Kattela Shivashankar , Heerdt Gabriel , Correia Carlos R. D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEnantioselective carbonyl‐directable Heck reactions using aryldiazonium salts were developed with the aim to construct chiral quaternary spiro centers in an efficient manner. Five‐ and six‐membered spirooxindoles, spirolactones, and spirolactams (36 examples) were obtained in good to excellent isolated yields with diastereoselectivities ranging from 13:1 to >20:1, and enantiomeric excesses up to 99% in short reaction times (1.0–1.5 h) under mild conditions (40 °C). A rationale for the diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity based on an unprecedented non‐covalent carbonyl group directing effect is also presented, and supported by computational calculations.magnified image
Preparation of Electrophilic Trifluromethylthio Reagents from Nucleophilic Tetramethylammonium Trifluoromethylthiolate
Authors: Kovács Szabolcs , Bayarmagnai Bilguun , Goossen Lukas J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA straightforward synthetic entry to the principal classes of electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolating agents is presented. It draws on inexpensive, shelf‐stable tetramethylammonium trifluoromethylthiolate (Me4N–SCF3) as the SCF3 source in the place of stoichiometric coinage metal‐SCF3 complexes.magnified image
Development of a chemiluminescence sensor based on molecular imprinting technology for the determination of trace monocrotophos in vegetables
Authors: Wang Shoumin , Zhao Peng , Li Ningyang , Qiao Xuguang , Xu Zhixiang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this study, a new sensor of molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction coupled with flow‐injection chemiluminescence for the detection of monocrotophos was fabricated. The molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized by the bulk polymerization, using monocrotophos, methacrylic acid, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the template molecule, functional monomer, and cross‐linker, respectively. The adsorption and recognition ability of the imprinted polymer toward monocrotophos was investigated. Factors influencing preconcentration of the analytes and sensitivity of the method were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the chemiluminescence intensity was linearly proportional to the concentration of monocrotophos range from 0.0023 to 10 mg/L, and the limit of detection of the method was 0.001 mg/L. Rape (Brassica napus) and pakchoi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) samples spiked with monocrotophos at three levels were analyzed by the developed method with recoveries between 89.3% and 105.9%. This method was successfully applied to the determination of monocrotophos in spinach samples, and the results were verified by gas chromatography method.
Rigorous analysis of optical forces between two dielectric planar waveguides immersed in dielectric fluid media
Authors: Rodrigues Janderson R. , Almeida Vilson R. 
Published: January 2017

This work presents a rigorous analysis of optical forces between planar waveguides immersed in an arbitrary background medium. This approach exploits the Minkowski stress tensor formulation, which is compared with a normalized version of the dispersion relation method, showing excellent results agreement for different dielectric fluid media. Due to slot‐waveguide effect, optical forces from TM modes are more sensitive to changes in the fluid refractive index than the TE counterparts. Furthermore, the repulsive optical force from the antisymmetric TM1 mode becomes stronger for higher refractive indexes, whereas the attractive force of the symmetric TM0 mode becomes weaker. The methodology and results presented in this work provide a rigorous analysis of nano‐optomechanical devices actuated by optical forces in a broad range of materials and applications. Therefore, this study may impact areas of light‐induced interactions presenting novel optofluidic and optomechanical functionalities, thus finding applications in nanoscale transport, sensing and manipulation.
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An Isolable Silicon Dicarbonate Complex from Carbon Dioxide Activation with a Silylone
Authors: Burchert Alexander , Yao Shenglai , Müller Robert , Schattenberg Caspar , Xiong Yun , Kaupp Martin , Driess Matthias 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe first isolable molecular silicon dicarbonate complex (bis‐NHC)Si(CO3)2 2 (bis‐NHC=H2C[{NC(H)=C(H)N(Dipp)}C:]2, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) was synthesized by facile reaction of the bis‐N‐heterocyclic carbene stabilized silylone (bis‐NHC)Si 1, bearing a zero‐valent silicon atom, with carbon dioxide. The monomeric silicon dioxide complex (bis‐NHC)SiO2 3 supported by the bis‐NHC ligand was proposed as a key intermediate resulting from double oxygenation of the zero‐valent silicon atom in 1 by two molar equivalents of CO2 under liberation of CO; its subsequent Lewis acid–base reaction with CO2 leads to 2 which has been fully characterized including an single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Its electronic structure, spectroscopic data and the thermochemistry of the formation have been studied quantum‐chemically.
Reversible Photoactivated Phosphorescence of Gold(I) Arylethynyl Complexes in Aerated DMSO Solutions and Gels
Authors: Wan Shigang , Lu Wei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPhosphorescence in fluid solutions at ambient temperature is usually quenched by molecular oxygen via energy transfer, and singlet oxygen is concomitantly sensitized. The long‐lived phosphorescence of a series of AuI arylethynyl complexes with tunable emission energies in aerated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions can be completely and repeatedly switched on by controlled photoirradiation. A trace amount of DMSO oxidation by the sensitized singlet oxygen is proposed to lead to a depletion of molecular oxygen in the local microenvironment of the AuI phosphor in the photoactivation processes. Harnessing the photoactivated phosphorescence and using UV light as a non‐contact pen, a writing–erasing–rewriting prototype has been demonstrated with a DMSO gel containing AuI arylethynyl complexes.
Entfernung von organischen, anorganischen und mikrobiellen Schadstoffen aus Wasser durch immobilisierte Polyoxometallat‐basierte ionische Flüssigkeiten (POM‐SILPs)
Authors: Herrmann Sven , De Matteis Laura , de la Fuente Jesús M. , Mitchell Scott G. , Streb Carsten 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDie gleichzeitige Entfernung organischer, anorganischer und mikrobieller Schadstoffe aus Wasser durch ein einziges Material bietet deutliche Vorteile, insbesondere für den dezentralen Einsatz in entlegenen Regionen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt ein Komposit, welches diese Aufgabe erfüllt. Es besteht aus Polyoxometallat‐basierte ionischen Flüssigkeiten (POM‐ILs) die auf porösem Silika immobilisiert sind (POM‐SILP; supported ionic liquid phase) Dazu wurde eine wasserunlösliche POM‐IL bestehend aus antimikrobiellen Alkylammonium‐Kationen und Polyoxometallat‐Anionen mit einer Metallbindungsstelle auf porösem Silika abgeschieden. Mit dem Komposit lassen sich in einem einfachen Filtrationsprozess Schwermetallkationen, Radionuklide, organische und mikrobielle Verunreinigungen aus Wasser entfernen. Die neue Materialklasse zeigt, wie molekulares Design und Materialentwicklung zu innovativen Kompositen für die Wasseraufbereitung führen.