bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiently Treated Sewage Sludge Supplemented with Nitrogen and Potassium Is a Good Fertilizer for Cereals
Authors: Tontti Tiina , Poutiainen Hannu , Heinonen‐Tanski Helvi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSewage sludge contains phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and organic matter in both soluble and particulate forms. However, agricultural use of sludge is limited because of possible problems due to hygiene, heavy metals, inner quality variation and non‐balanced ratios of nutrients. We tested sustainable fertilization of cereals with (i) urea‐spiked granulated sludge, (ii) composted anaerobic sludge digestate, (iii) dried (dewatered), anaerobic thermophilic digestate sludge mixture and (iv) dried (dewatered) sludge. The sludge products were applied to barley and wheat with variable combinations of N and K supplements in Nordic climate. Sludge products supplemented with N and K and mineral NPK fertilizers containing soluble 70 kgN ha−1 achieved barley dry yields above 3500 kg ha−1. The grain N content was 22·3 g kg−1 in barley fertilized with granulated sludge fortified with NK (soluble N 83 kg ha−1), while grain N content was 20 g kg−1 when fertilized with 90 kgN ha−1 NPK. The wheat dry yields were 2890 and 2850 kg ha−1 fertilized with granulated sludge fortified with NK when soluble N was 49 kg ha−1 and NPK with 110 kgN ha−1 of these grains containing N 29·2 and 29·0 g kg−1. The results mean that correctly treated and formulated sludge products can be used. The risks caused by enteric microorganisms or heavy metals could be managed. The residual nitrate concentrations in soil were low. Sludge products could be developed by optimizing nutrient ratios and their structure. Sludge producers should provide farmers with detailed physicochemical data about each sludge portion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Burkholderia genome mining for nonribosomal peptide synthetases reveals a great potential for novel siderophores and lipopeptides synthesis
Authors: Esmaeel Qassim , Pupin Maude , Kieu Nam Phuong , Chataigné Gabrielle , Béchet Max , Deravel Jovana , Krier François , Höfte Monica , Jacques Philippe , Leclère Valérie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBurkholderia is an important genus encompassing a variety of species, including pathogenic strains as well as strains that promote plant growth. We have carried out a global strategy, which combined two complementary approaches. The first one is genome guided with deep analysis of genome sequences and the second one is assay guided with experiments to support the predictions obtained in silico. This efficient screening for new secondary metabolites, performed on 48 gapless genomes of Burkholderia species, revealed a total of 161 clusters containing nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), with the potential to synthesize at least 11 novel products. Most of them are siderophores or lipopeptides, two classes of products with potential application in biocontrol. The strategy led to the identification, for the first time, of the cluster for cepaciachelin biosynthesis in the genome of Burkholderia ambifaria AMMD and a cluster corresponding to a new malleobactin‐like siderophore, called phymabactin, was identified in Burkholderia phymatum STM815 genome. In both cases, the siderophore was produced when the strain was grown in iron‐limited conditions. Elsewhere, the cluster for the antifungal burkholdin was detected in the genome of B. ambifaria AMMD and also Burkholderia sp. KJ006. Burkholderia pseudomallei strains harbor the genetic potential to produce a novel lipopeptide called burkhomycin, containing a peptidyl moiety of 12 monomers. A mixture of lipopeptides produced by Burkholderia rhizoxinica lowered the surface tension of the supernatant from 70 to 27 mN·m−1. The production of nonribosomal secondary metabolites seems related to the three phylogenetic groups obtained from 16S rRNA sequences. Moreover, the genome‐mining approach gave new insights into the nonribosomal synthesis exemplified by the identification of dual C/E domains in lipopeptide NRPSs, up to now essentially found in Pseudomonas strains.
Panthotenate Kinase‐Associated Neurodegeneration Has a Founder Mutation (c.215_216insa) in Indian Agrawal Patients
Authors: Udani Vrajesh , Das Soma , Chhabria Rahul 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe early‐onset classic form of panthotenate kinase‐associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare genetic disorder of brain iron deposition associated with mutations in the pantothenate kinase 2 gene. Genetic testing was performed in 17 patients with early‐onset classic PKAN and 2 atypical patients identified from a clinic database. Seventeen patients with early‐onset classic disease exhibited pathogenic mutations in the panthotenate kinase 2 (PANK2) gene. One atypical patient had an indeterminate result and the other atypical case was later confirmed to have late‐onset GM1 gangliosidosis. Of the 17, 13 belonged to the Agrawal community, with a common truncating mutation, c.215_216insA, in the homozygous state in all, which is highly suggestive of a founder effect. Of the remaining 4 patients, 2 had novel mutations. PKAN is the third neurological disease after megelencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts and calpainopathy with founder mutations in the Agrawal community.
Tics as a model of over‐learned behavior—imitation and inhibition of facial tics
Authors: Brandt Valerie Cathérine , Patalay Praveetha , Bäumer Tobias , Brass Marcel , Münchau Alexander 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundTics are the defining feature in Tourette syndrome and can be triggered by watching tics or single voluntary movements. This automatic imitation of movements referred to as “echopraxia” has been ascribed to a failure in top‐down inhibition of imitative response tendencies. Alternatively, it could be interpreted in the context of automatic overlearned behavior. To this end, we investigated 18 Tourette patients aged 28.22 years (9.44 standard deviation; 16 male) and 24 healthy controls (mean age 29.21 years [9.1 standard deviation]; 17 male) using an adapted version of an action‐interference paradigm.MethodsPatients were asked to respond to 2 different auditory tones with either a facial movement that was part of their tic repertoire (tic‐like movement), or a facial movement that was not (nontic movement). Simultaneously, behaviorally irrelevant videos of the 2 same facial movements were presented, which were either compatible or incompatible with the movement executed by the patient. Movements in healthy controls were matched to those in the patients.ResultsHealthy participants responded faster in compatible than in incompatible trials. Tourette patients showed the same effect for nontic movements. However, their responses were equally fast in incompatible and compatible trials when the movement they were asked to execute was a tic‐like movement. Error rates did not differ between the groups.ConclusionsThe results suggest that tic‐like movements do not occur as a consequence of a failure to inhibit motor output. Instead, tics might be considered highly overlearned behavior that can be triggered without interference by external, incompatible movement stimuli. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Biomechanical assessment of fixation methods for segmental mandible reconstruction with fibula in the polyurethane model
Authors: Fontana Stefani C. , Smith Russell B. , Nazir Niaman , Andrews Brian T. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundA variety of plating techniques are employed by microsurgeons to provide rigid fixation for vascularized bone constructs of the mandible. The aim of this study was to biomechanically compare three commonly utilized plating techniques for rigid fixation of fibula bone flaps in reconstructing lateral segmental mandibular defects.Materials and MethodsPolyurethane mandibles with 3‐cm segmental defects were reconstructed using polyurethane fibula models. Three fixation techniques were compared (n = 5 models per group): Group 1 used two 2.0‐mm miniplates at each osteotomy site, Group 2 used a single 2.3‐mm plate, and Group 3 used a single 2.7‐mm plate. Biomechanical testing of maximum force and displacement at failure for each plating technique was assessed and statistical comparison performed.ResultsThe average displacement for Group 1 was 14.08 ± 1.42 mm, Group 2 was 5.79 ± 0.89 mm, and Group 3 was 6.03 ± 1.59 mm. Group 1 had significantly greater (P < 0.05) displacement when compared with Group 2 and 3. Analysis of variance demonstrated the three groups varied significantly in mean displacement (0 < 0.01). The average force before failure for Group 1 was 616.4 ± 33.83N, Group 2 was 737.8 ± 72.57N, and Group 3 was 681.0 ± 67.98N. Group 2 withstood significantly greater force than Group 1 (P < 0.05), and withstood greater force than Group 3, although the difference was not significant. Analysis of variance showed the three groups varied significantly in mean force at failure (P < 0.05).ConclusionReconstruction using a single 2.3‐mm plate provided the best rigid fixation for lateral segmental defects of the mandible. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:330–333, 2016.
Dorsal approach for vascular repairs in distal finger replantations
Authors: Kabakaş Fatih 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionDistal finger replantations are technically difficult operations due to small vessel sizes and narrow field of vision. The results of 25 distal finger replantations performed by dorsal approach are presented. The technical benefits and details of this technique is discussed with a literature review. Patients and methods: Twenty‐five distal finger replantations were performed by dorsal approach. In dorsal approach volar skin was repaired first and arterial and venous repairs were performed from dorsal side before bone fixation and nailbed repair. Twenty‐one cases were Tamai zone I amputations 4 cases were Tamai zone II amputations. 3 amputations were in children and the other patients were adults. Nine amputations were transverse type and the others were oblique amputations. Results: Twenty‐three fingers survived and 2 fingers were lost despite revision surgeries (92% success rate). Dorsal approach provided about 2 times wider exposures compared to the volar approach. Fourteen patients had external bleeding to prevent congestion. Mean duration of external bleeding was 6.8 days (range, 6 − 8 days). Mean hospitalization period was 7.7 days (range, 6 − 10 days). The mean follow up period was 13 months (range, 6 − 28 months). Six patients had nail deformity. Four patients had pulp atrophy. Three patients had restriction of range of motion in distal interphalangeal joint. Conclusion: Dorsal approach provides a better exposure of vessel repair sites without tension and helps in technical difficulties of distal finger replantation. All types of distal finger amputations are amenable to dorsal approach for vascular repairs and oblique amputations are ideal ones. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:628–636, 2016.
Dispersion Photopolymerization of Acrylated Oligomers Using a Flexible Continuous Reactor
Authors: Roose Patrice , Berlier Michel , Lazzaroni Roberto , Leclère Philippe 
Published: April 2016

The photopolymerization of acrylated oligomers dispersed in an aqueous medium is successfully demonstrated using a simple continuous photoreactor designed with flexible tubing, which presents straightforward up‐scaling and maintenance features. The performance of the continuous photoreactor is assessed by varying the length of the tube exposed to ultraviolet light as well as the flow rate of the aqueous dispersion thr ough the reactor. The insoluble nature of the dispersed particles after in‐situ photo‐crosslinking is particularly suitable for the estimation of the actual number of polymerized particles from static and dynamic light scattering data. The procedure is discussed in detail. Along with the overall acrylate double bond conversion of the particles determined by infrared spectroscopy, an estimation of the average conversion per polymerized particle is provided as a function of the exposure time to ultraviolet light. The sub‐microscopic characterization by peak‐force tapping atomic force microscopy of the particles after photopolymerization is also presented.
image
The Effectiveness of Psychosocial Interventions as Adjuncts to Orthopaedic Surgery: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Kekecs Zoltan , Szeverenyi Csenge , Johnson Alisa , Elkins Gary , Csernatony Zoltan , Varga Katalin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimsPain and anxiety are commonly reported among those undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Improvement in anxiety and pain control might be achieved by supplementing standard care with psychological interventions. However, the effectiveness of adjunctive psychosocial interventions in anxiety and pain control have not been addressed sufficiently by previous systematic reviews in orthopaedic surgeries. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of adjunctive psychosocial techniques to improve perioperative clinical care in orthopaedic surgery, to identify the most effective intervention types and to evaluate potential moderators.MethodsWe will perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to address the study aims. PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses will be searched between 1980 and 2015. Prospective controlled clinical trials completed in adults, contrasting standard care and standard care supplemented with psychosocial methods, will be eligible for inclusion. Effectiveness will be assessed through the outcomes of postoperative pain intensity, analgesic requirement, perioperative anxiety, quality of life and postoperative recovery. The results of a random‐effect meta‐analysis will be reported. To aid implementation of best practice, moderating effects of the type and timing of psychosocial intervention, type of surgical intervention and type of anaesthesia will be evaluated through meta‐regression. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup contrasts will follow as necessary.DiscussionRecommendations will be made to improve medical care in orthopaedic procedures. The quality of evidence will be rated using GRADE criteria. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient multigrid algorithm for heterogeneous acoustic media sign‐indefinite high‐order FEM models
Authors: Ganesh Mahadevan , Morgenstern Charles 
Published: April 2016

SummaryLarge‐scale scientific computing models are needed for the simulation of wave propagation especially for multiple frequency and high‐frequency models in complex heterogeneous media. Multigrid methods provide efficient iterative solvers for many large sign‐definite systems of equations resulting from physical models. Time‐harmonic wave propagation models lead to sign‐indefinite systems with eigenvalues in the left half of the complex plane. Thus standard multigrid approaches applied in conjunction with a low‐order finite difference or finite element method are not sufficient. In this work, we describe a high‐order finite element method model for multiple (low to high) frequency time‐harmonic acoustic wave propagation on general curved, non‐convex, and non‐smooth domains with heterogeneous media using a multigrid approximation of the shifted Laplacian operator as a preconditioner. We implement the model using an efficient geometric multigrid approach with parallel grid transfer operator calculations to simulate the model using the BiCGStab iterative solver. We demonstrate the efficiency and parallel performance of the computational model with multiple low (5 wavelength) to high‐frequency (100 wavelength) input incident waves. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of functionally univentricular heart, associations and perinatal outcomes
Authors: Wolter Aline , Nosbüsch Sina , Kawecki Andreea , Degenhardt Jan , Enzensberger Christian , Graupner Oliver , Vorisek Carina , Akintürk Hakan , Yerebakan Can , Khalil Markus , Schranz Dietmar , Ritgen Jochen , Stressig Rüdiger , Axt‐Fliedner Roland 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveFunctionally univentricular hearts (UVHs) represent cardiac anomalies in which either the pulmonary or systemic circulation cannot be supported independently. The purpose of our study was to determine perinatal outcomes after prenatal diagnosis of functionally UVH.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated patients who presented between 2008 and June 2015 in our centre and in prenatal practice praenatal.de in Cologne. We included double inlet left ventricle (DILV), tricuspid valve atresia (TA), pulmonary valve atresia and intact ventricular septum (PA:IVS), unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), heterotaxy, hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and hypoplastic left heart complex (HLHC).ResultsOf initially 155 patients, 128 were liveborn (82.6%). Ten neonates (7.8%) were lost to follow‐up, in three (2.5%) neonates, parents decided for compassionate care. Overall survival after prenatal diagnosis of functionally UVH was 67.1%, and 90.4% on an intention‐to‐treat basis. Survival after surgery reached 93.7%. The majority of deaths occurred within the group of dominant RV (10/74, 13.5%). High risk HLHS with restrictive foramen ovale was associated with the lowest survival rate (13/17, 76.5%) with significant difference compared to survival rate in dominant LV (40/41, 97.6%, p < 0.05).ConclusionThese results should be explained to parents to ensure informed decisions and counselling. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Present to future: what the reasons for declining first‐trimester combined testing tell us about accepting or declining cell‐free DNA testing
Authors: Crombag Neeltje M. T. H. , van Schendel Rachel V. , Schielen Peter C. J. I. , Bensing Jozien M. , Henneman Lidewij 
Published: April 2016

What's Already Known About This Topic?

Women include their attitudes towards Down syndrome and termination of pregnancy, as well as adverse test characteristics, in their considerations about participation in first‐trimester combined testing (FCT).
Concerns have been raised about the ‘routinisation’ of prenatal screening with the introduction of non‐invasive prenatal screening using cell‐free DNA (cfDNA).
What Does This Study Add?

Women who would decline FCT for test‐related reasons are possibly more likely to accept the safer cfDNA test.
Women who decline FCT for reasons relating to attitudes towards Down syndrome and termination of pregnancy are more likely to decline cfDNA testing as well, or to see its value in preparing for the birth of a child with a disability.
Lithium polymer electrolytes containing oligomeric imidazolium ionic liquids
Authors: Gładka Dorota , Omiotek Agnieszka , Gosiewska Patrycja , Langwald Norbert , Florjańczyk Zbigniew , Kubisa Przemysław , Biedroń Tadeusz , Zygadło‐Monikowska Ewa 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNew polymer electrolytes for lithium ion batteries with enhanced operational safety with the addition of room temperature imidazolium ionic liquids are reported. Imidazolium salts modified by us were applied as ionic liquids, which, for higher reduction potential stability, were substituted at position C2 with oligooxyethylene groups of various length ([BuMeIm nEO]+X−, where n = 3.5, 7, 8.4 and X = CF3SO3, BF4, N(CF3SO2)2). Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), copolymers of vinylidene fluoride with hexafluoropropylene (p(VdF‐co‐HFP)) and of acrylonitrile with butyl acrylate (p(AN‐co‐BuA)) were utilized as polymer matrices. Thermal and electrochemical characterizations of the obtained electrolytes were carried out. On the basis of impedance measurements, the ionic conductivity and lithium transference numbers were determined. The best conducting properties were shown by systems with an ionic liquid [BuMeIm 3.5EO]+TFSI− and PEO or p(VdF‐co‐HFP) characterized by ambient temperature ionic conductivity of the order of 10−5 S cm−1. On the basis of polarization measurements by the variable‐current method, the proportion of lithium cations in electric charge transfer was determined. The values obtained were low, as those typically obtained for ionic liquids (they do not exceed several percent), except for some cases, for which a value of 0.4 was reached. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The structure of electronically excited α,β‐unsaturated lactones
Authors: Fréneau Maxime , de Sainte‐Claire Pascal , Abe Manabu , Hoffmann Norbert 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA better knowledge of the structure of the electronically excited state of substrates is indispensable for the understanding and optimization of photochemical reactions. For this study, triplet energies of a variety of α,β‐unsaturated γ‐lactones (furanones) as well as the structures of the vibrationally relaxed triplet state (T1) have been determined using ab initio coupled‐cluster (CCSD) method and/or density functional theory (DFT) calculation. A twist of the original planar structure around C = C bond is found in the relaxed triplet state, π‐π*. In the 5‐membered ring of furanones the contribution of this mode is limited and the pyramidalization in the C4 position also contributes to the stabilization. The contribution of each stabilization mode is characterized by the dihedral angles and the Mulliken atomic spin densities. The substituent effect on the pyramidalization and the spin density distribution in the C4 and in the C5 position are reported. Depending on the substitution in the C4 position, the orientation of the pyramidalization is either favored syn or anti with respect of the hydroxyl substituent in the C5 position. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of imidazole‐based acidity control of PEDOT:PSS on its electrical properties and environmental stability
Authors: Cho Ahra , Kim Seyul , Kim Soyeon , Cho Wonseok , Park Chanil , Kim Felix Sunjoo , Kim Jung Hyun 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been studied for a wide range of applications due to its potential as a transparent electrode. Herein, the use of imidazole and its derivatives as a neutralizing additive for PEDOT:PSS dispersion and in‐depth studies of their effects in terms of electrical properties and stability is reported. Although the neutralization in general reduces the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS, the conductivity after imidazole treatment (685.2 S cm−1) is higher than that after treatment of other derivatives. Spectroscopic and thermoelectric studies show that the de‐doping effect resulted in the conductivity reduction. As a trade‐off of the conductivity reduction, greatly enhanced long‐term stability and noncorrosive characteristics are obtained after neutralization. The change in sheet resistance of imidazole‐treated PEDOT:PSS after 500 h under harsh conditions (85 °C and 85% humidity) is half that of the untreated samples, demonstrating the great enhancement of the stability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1530–1536