bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How we can enhance treatment adherence? Perspective of patients and clinicians
Authors: Cardoso A. , Aguiar P. , Byrne M. , Xavier M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionNon-adherence to antipsychotic medication is commonly found in mental health disorders (MHD), thus forming a major obstacle to long-term maintenance treatment and contributing to high relapse rates and also can influence the attitudes and beliefs of mental health professionals (MHP).Objectives–assess the beliefs of MHP;–assess perception of illness in patients with MHD.AimsContribute to treatment adherence of patients with MHD, through developing adequate strategies to their needs.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we use a convenience sample of patients with MHD attending in the mental health departments of three general hospitals in Lisbon great area. Data is being collected through individual interviews. We have applied clinical and socio-demographic questionnaire and additional measures to assess symptom severity, treatment adherence and attitudes towards medication. For MHP, we used a optimism scale (ETOS), Difficulty Implementing Adherence Strategies (DIAS); Medication Alliance Beliefs Questionnaire (MABQ).ResultsTwo convenience samples were composed by 150 patients with MHD (mean age: 39.7; SD ± 9.8) and 65 MHP (mean age: 37.0; sd 8.3) working in a variety of settings is being collected. From the perspective of patients, the most important reason for adherence is to accept the illness (54,7%, n = 82). 50.8% (n = 33) of MHP believes that if patients are unmotivated for treatment, adherence strategies are unlikely to be effective. 43.1 (n = 28) of MHP agrees that if patients do not accept their illness, any adherence strategies that result.ConclusionWith this study, we expect to gain further knowledge on the factors related patients and MHP that might influence compliance and, therefore, contribute to the development of effective strategies to promote treatment adherence in MHD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cognitive training using a web-based tailor-made program for first-episode psychosis patients: An exploratory trial
Authors: Moura B. , Mendes T. , Antunes F. , Barandas R. , Croca M. , Frade P. , Linhares L. , Vian J. , Levy P. , Figueira M.L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCognitive deficits are a core feature of the first psychotic episode patients and could be an obstacle to functional ability. Cognitive stimulation could be a promising method to surpass neuropsychological deficits.Objectives–to implement an online training protocol to stable first psychotic episode outpatients;–to assess adherence to the intervention;–to measure neurocognitive, psychopathological and functional outcomes pre- and post-training.AimsTo investigate the feasibility of an online-based resource for cognitive stimulation (COGWEB®) and explore possible benefits in different domains.MethodsFifteen patients were enrolled from the Early Psychosis Intervention Program (PROFIP) at the Department of Psychiatry of Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon. The training consisted on 30-40-minute online sessions performed every weekday during 6 months at home. Assessments were performed at baseline and after program completion and included: psychopathological scores; personal and social functioning scores; Clinical Global Impression and a neuropsychological battery.ResultsEvery participant had some kind of impairment on baseline. Mean training time was 36 h. Six patients left the program before completion (half of them because they got employed). The program showed overall good feasibility and safety with no reported significant psychiatric occurrences or hospitalizations. Results regarding final neuropsychological, psychopathological and functioning showed a tendency for stability or improvement on an individual case analysis.ConclusionsOur results show that cognitive training using an online-based stimulation software is a feasible intervention for first-episode psychosis patients with possible benefits for this population. However, results should be analyzed very carefully because of different participant trajectories and of study limitations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychometric evaluation of the Greek version of Mc Master Family Assessment Device (FAD)
Authors: Adamis D. , Petmeza I. , McCarthy G. , Tsamparli A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe Family Assessment Device (FAD) is a self-report questionnaire, developed to assess the six dimensions of the McMaster Model of family functioning. It has been translated to the Greek language but never validated.Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the Greek version of FAD in a non-clinical sample.MethodsIn a sample of Greek families, FAD was administered together with the already validated Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES-III). In a subsample of 96 participants, the scales were administered again after 1 month.ResultsA sample of 453 participants (194 children and 259 parents) had completed both questionnaires (151 families). Mean age of children was 23.62 (SD: 6.35), 68 (35%) were males. Mean age of parents was 51.4 (SD: 8.2), 117 (45.2%) males. All subscales of FAD had significant correlation (concurrent validity) with FACES-III (n = 453, P < 0.001). Test-retest reliability range from 0.58 to 0.82 (n = 96, P < 0.001). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) range from 0.47 to 0.94. A model with the 6 factors had a good statistical fit but not all the items were loading in the same components as from the theory assumed.ConclusionsThe Greek FAD has good psychometric properties, although its factor structure might differ from the original version. Further evaluation of the Greek version of FAD in other settings and in different samples especially clinical remains a task for future research.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Pool-data of clinical cases of inhaled loxapine (Adasuve)
Authors: Gil Luna E. , Morato Parcerisa J. , Roset Arisso P. , Boldeanu A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAgitation is a psychiatric emergency that requires immediate assistance. Inhaled loxapine is a new option for achieving rapid tranquillisation avoiding coercive measures and over-sedation, which fits with patient's preferences and increases their satisfaction with treatment.ObjectiveReview the experience of use of inhaled loxapine in clinical practice.MethodsWe included data from all reports of case series with 10 or more patients published by European prescribers.ResultsTen posters were included that reported data on 116 patients, mostly diagnosed with psychotic or bipolar diseases. Among the 60 patients that were evaluated using PANSS-EC, baseline agitation intensity was above 20 in 45 of them (75%) and between 15 and 32 in 15 (25%). Regarding patients evaluated with the CGI-S scale, 17 patients had a score between 6 and 7 points and 4 had scores between 4 and 5. All patients were able to properly inhalate the drug. In some patients agitation receded as early as 2 minutes, and almost all of them were controlled within 10 minutes. Only 6 patients required the 2nd dose of loxapine within 24 hours. When patients were asked for, they showed a preference for inhaled administration instead of intramuscular one, manifested high levels of satisfaction with inhaled treatment, and in one report inhaled loxapine was stated to contribute to avoid mechanical restraint. Inhaled loxapine was well tolerated and no over-sedation was reported or any EPS, just a case of mild orthostatic hypotension.ConclusionThis pool-data review of inhaled loxapine in real world clinical practice shows that it is an effective treatment, with a very rapid response, easy to administer and well tolerated, with a good acceptance from patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Bedtime Counterfactual Processing Questionnaire (BCPQ): Validation of the Portuguese version
Authors: Borges J. , Borges D. , Pereira A.T. , Cabral A.S. , Azevedo J. , Macedo A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCounterfactual thinking is a set of mental representations of alternatives to the past actions. When it focuses on personal decisions, the emotion that results is regret, which has important implications for psychological distress (Borges et al., 2015). The Bedtime Counterfactual Processing Questionnaire (BCPQ; Schmidt and Linden, 2009) was developed to assess the frequency of regret-related counterfactual thoughts during the pre-sleep period.ObjectiveTo investigate the psychometric properties of the BCPQ (extended version) Portuguese version.MethodsA community sample composed of 108 university students and 79 employees (78.1% females; mean age = 33.16 ± 13.175; range: 17-62) answered the Portuguese preliminary versions of the BCPQ and Regret Scale (Schwartz et al., 2002). To study the temporal stability, 31 participants (83.9% females; mean age = 26.54 ± 18.761) answered the BCPQ again after 6 weeks.ResultsThe BCPQ2 Cronbach alpha was “very good” (a = 0.81). All the items contributed to the internal consistency. The test-retest correlation coefficient was high, positive and significant (0.78; P = 0.05); there was not significant difference between test and re-test scores [29.87 ± 5.309 vs. 30.13 ± 5.353, t (30) = −0.204, P = 0.840]. Following the Kaiser and the Cattel's Scree Plot criteria, two meaningful factors were extracted which explained variance (EV) was of 65.06%: F1 Regret (EV 43.17%; a = 0.88), F2 low pride (21.88%; a = 0.88). Pearson correlations of EA total score with BCPQ2 and F1 were significant and moderate (r@.50) and with F2 was non-significant.ConclusionsAlthough the Portuguese version of the extended version of BCPQ has good reliability and validity, the low pride-related dimension seems to be relatively independent of regret.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of four 28-day cycle intramuscular injections for risperidone-ISM 75 mg in patients with schizophrenia: A phase-2 randomized study (PRISMA-2)
Authors: Anta L. , Llaudó J. , Ayani I. , Gorostidi B. , Monreal M. , Martínez-González J. , Ochoa L. , Gutierro I. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionRisperidone-ISM is a new long acting intramuscular formulation of risperidone, for monthly administration without oral supplementation.ObjectiveTo characterize the pharmacokinetic of risperidone over multiple intramuscular injections in patients with schizophrenia.MethodA multicenter, open label, two-arm, parallel design clinical trial was performed. Each patient received 4 intramuscular injections of 75 mg of risperidone-ISM in either, gluteal or deltoid muscle at 28-day intervals.ResultsA total of 70 patients were randomized, 67 received at least one dose of study medication. Preliminary data show that mean Cmax of the active moiety was achieved 24-48 hours (Tmax) after each administration and ranged over four consecutive doses from 39.6-53.2 ng/mL and 54.1-61 ng/mL, when given in gluteal or deltoid, respectively. All subjects achieved therapeutic levels (> 7.5 ng/mL for the active moiety) between 2-8 hours after drug administration. The mean concentrations were maintained above therapeutic levels throughout the 4-week dosing period. No significance changes across the study were observed, either on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale or Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale. Overall, 63 subjects (94%) experienced at least 1 Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE) during the study. One serious TEAE (dystonia) was related to study treatment. One death not related to study medication was informed. The most frequently reported TEAEs were hyperprolactinaemia (57.7%) and injection site pain (32.8%).ConclusionsRisperidone-ISM achieved therapeutic levels from the first hours after drug administration and provided a sustained release throughout the 4-weeks dosing period over multiple intramuscular injections independently of the injection site. Risperidone-ISM was found to be safe and well tolerated.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The validity of observer-based scales in the measure of drug-induced motor symptoms in a spanish sample of patients with severe mental disorders
Authors: Aznarte J. , Crespo Y. , Iglesias-Parro S. , Soriano-Peña M.F. , Ibáñez Molina A. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundAntipsychotic drugs are effective in schizophrenic disorders, but they are also used to treat other psychiatric conditions. Typical antipsychotics cause important extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), which frequently result in non-compliance with antipsychotic medication. It has been stated that the second-generation antipsychotics (atypical) provoke EPS side effects less frequently than typical antipsychotics. However, there is some controversy around this statement, especially because of inefficient measures of EPS. Clinical assess of EPS normally relies upon observer-based ratings, but their reliability and validity has not been consistently established.ObjectiveIn the present work, we have explored the convergent and discriminant validity of the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and the Simpson-Angus Scale (SEE), in a Spanish sample of patients with severe mental disorders. Patients could be under typical or atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, benzodiacepines, or a combination of these.MethodSixty-one patients with severe mental disorders from the Mental Health Day Hospital of St. Agustín (Linares, Spain) participated in the study. Inclusion criteria were DSM-V diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizophrenic disorder, bipolar, or borderline personality disorders, and age between 18-61. In order to explore the discrimination capacity of each rating scale, Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted.ResultsROC curves indicated a suitable construct validity of the scales in the measurement of drug-induced motor symptoms. However, the scales were not sensitive to the number of years under treatment.ConclusionsIn line with previous research, our results question the use of rating scales as the only measure in the evaluation of EPS symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Medication and aggressiveness in real-world schizophrenia. Results from the FACE-SZ dataset
Authors: Fond G. , Favez M. , Boyer L. , Pierre-Michel L. , Pelissolo A. , Berna F. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe primary objective of this study was to determine if second generation antipsychotic (SGA) administration was associated with lower aggressiveness scores compared to first generation (FGA) in schizophrenia (SZ). The secondary objective was to determine if antidepressants, mood stabilizers and benzodiazepines administration were respectively associated with lower aggressiveness scores compared to patients who were not administered these medications.MethodsThree hundred and thirty-one patients with schizophrenia (n = 255) or schizoaffective disorder (n = 76) (mean age = 32.5 years, 75.5% male gender) were systematically included in the network of FondaMental Expert Center for Schizophrenia and assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and validated scales for psychotic symptomatology, insight and compliance. Aggressiveness was measured by the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) score. Ongoing psychotropic treatment was recorded.ResultsPatients who received SGA had lower BPAQ scores than patients who did not (P = 0.01). On the contrary, patients who received benzodiazepines had higher BPAQ scores than patients who did not (P = 0.04). These results were found independently of socio-demographical variables, psychotic symptomatology, insight, compliance into treatment, daily-administered antipsychotic dose, the way of antipsychotic administration (oral vs long acting), current alcohol disorder and daily cannabis consumption.ConclusionThe results of the present study are in favor of the choice of SGA in SZ patients with aggressiveness, but these results need further investigation in longitudinal studies. Given the potent side effects of benzodiazepines (especially dependency and cognitive impairment) and the results of the present study, their long-term prescription is not recommended in patients with schizophrenia and aggressive behavior.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Emotional recognition during the course of schizophrenia
Authors: Bošnjak D. , Makarić P. , Rojnić Kuzman M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAdequate emotion identification ability facilitates forming emotional relationships and effective communication. Patients suffering from schizophrenia have deficits in emotional recognition (ER), which leads to impaired social and occupational functioning.ObjectivesTo compare the differences in ER between the healthy control group (HC) and two patient groups at different phases of illness: first episode psychosis (FEP) and chronic, multi-episode schizophrenia (MEP).AimsTo investigate the pattern of emotional recognition deficit during the course of schizophrenia.MethodsWe compared three groups of participants: MEP, FEP and HC, each containing 50 participants, based on their emotional recognition abilities using the Penn Emotion Recognition Task and The I FEEL Pictures. Patients were diagnosed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for schizophrenia (schizophreniform disorder) with their psychopathology rated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scale. Besides ER tasks, patients were administered self-evaluation scales for the assessment of quality of life, depression, suicidality, impulsivity, aggression, and relationship with their parents.ResultsOur findings showed deficits in emotional recognition ability of both patient groups in comparison with HC, especially in the identification of negative emotions: sadness, fear and anger. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in the identification of happiness. First episode patients showed better results than the MEP group.ConclusionsAlthough the FEP group was more successful than the ME group, our results showed that the emotional recognition impairment exists at a significant level even at the beginning of the illness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Association between implicit motor learning and neurological soft signs in schizophrenia
Authors: Chrobak A. , Siuda-Krzywicka K. , Siwek G. , Tereszko A. , Siwek M. , Dudek D. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSchizophrenia (SZ) patients present subtle motor deficits known as Neurological Soft Signs (NSS). Those deficits encompass impairments of motor coordination, sequencing of complex motor acts and sensory integration. It has been shown that SZ patients present also deficits of higher motor functions as implicit motor learning. Growing number of studies indicate that both NSS and implicit motor learning deficits are associated with impairments of common cortico-cerebellar pathways, however relationship between these two deficits has not been evaluated yet.ObjectivesTo assess NSS and implicit motor learning in SZ patients.AimsTo evaluate associations between NSS and implicit motor learning scores in SZ patients.MethodsTwenty schizophrenia patients and 20 healthy controls were examined. Patients were under olanzapine, clozapine or quetiapine treatment. NSS were assessed with Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES). Implicit motor learning were assessed with a use of Serial Reaction Time Task.ResultsSZ patients presented statistically higher NSS scores than healthy controls (P < 0.001) and presented no signs of implicit motor learning. There was statistically significant negative correlation between implicit motor learning score and total score of neurological soft signs (r = −0.44), sequence of motor acts subscore (r = −0.54) and sensory integration subscore (r = −0.47) in SZ patients group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThere is association between implicit motor learning deficits and neurological soft signs in SZ patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Problems in long-term treatment with atypical antipsychotics: hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Franch C. , Medina G. , Ortega M.D. , Calzada M.E. , Molina V. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSchizophrenia and other psychotic disorders are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, caused by the use of specific treatments as well as health factors directly related to those processes. One of the high-frequency side effects in patients treated with classic and atypical antipsychotics is hyperprolactinemia. It causes alterations in neuroendocrine sphere (amenorrhea, galactorrhea, gynecomastia…), and other mid- and long-term effects (osteoporosis, cardiovascular risk increase and increased risk of developing cancers - specifically in breasts and endometrium).ObjectivesCheck hyperprolactinemia induction by maintained treatment with atypical antipsychotics.MethodologyA naturalistic prospective study was conducted following 75 patients on maintenance treatment with a single atypical antipsychotic during 24 months. Anthropometric and laboratory data were collected, along with the presence of different endocrine-metabolic during the 2-year study alterations.ResultsChanges in prolactin levels were found in a large number of patients, with statistically significant differences between 0 (basal) and 24 months (Basal [M = 26.27; SD = 21], 2 years [M = 38.08, SD = 34.65]; t = −2.758; P = 0.013], with hyperprolactinemia increasing from 46.6% of patients at baseline to 65.5% at 2 years, mainly with paliperidone and risperidone long acting injection (statistically significant increase in both cases) (Fig. 1).ConclusionsPaliperidone and risperidone long acting injectable induce increased prolactin levels in patients in long-term antipsychotic treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cortical and subcortical morphology deficits in cerebral gray matter in patients with schizophrenia and not affected siblings
Authors: Pastoriza F. , Galindo L. , Mané A. , Bergé D. , Pujol N. , Picado M. , Bulbena A. , Vilarroya O. , Pérez V. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveExplore the basis of cortical morphometry in patients with schizophrenia and non-affected siblings by Magnetic Resonance Structural analyzing cortical thickness.MethodsTwenty-nine patients with schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotics and clinically stable in the last 6 months were recruited. Twenty-three not affected siblings of patients with schizophrenia and 37 healthy volunteers were recruited. Magnetic Resonance Structural was performed. FreeSurfer the brain imaging software package for analysis of Cortical Thickness is used. In the analysis of group differences in cortical thickness (CT) with the general linear model (GLM), the P-value was established in 0003 following the Bonferroni correction to control for multiple comparisons (seven regions of interest a priori in each hemisphere).ResultsSignificant differences in cortical thickness between patients and healthy controls. Differences between groups were calculated by general linear model (GLM) with age and sex as covairables (Table 1).ConclusionsIn applying the correction for multiple comparisons, differences in bilateral-lateral orbitofrontal, medial orbitofrontal-right and left temporal transverse frontal cortex are significant. Our study replicates previous findings and provides further evidence of abnormalities in the cerebral cortex, particularly in the frontal and temporal regions, being characteristic of schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.AcknowledgementsL. Galindo is a Rio-Hortega-fellowship-(ISC-III; CM14/00111).